gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Selective Separation of Carbon Dioxide from Nitrogen and Methane by Nitrile/Glycol-Difunctionalized Ionic Liquids in Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes (SILMs) (2014)

Novel difunctionalized ionic liquids (ILs) containing a triethylene glycol monomethyl ether chain and a nitrile group on a pyrrolidinium or imidazolium cation have been synthesized and incorporated into supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs). These ILs exhibit ca. 2.3 times higher CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 gas separation selectivities than analogous ILs functionalized only with a glycol chain. Although the glycol moiety ensures room temperature liquidity of the pyrrolidinium and imidazolium ILs, the two classes of ILs benefit from the presence of a nitrile group in different ways. The difunctionalized pyrrolidinium ILs exhibit an increase in CO2 permeance, whereas the permeances of the contaminant gases rise negligibly, resulting in high gas separation selectivities. In the imidazolium ILs, the presence of a nitrile group does not always increase the CO2 permeance nor does it increase the CO2 solubility, as showed in situ by the ATR-FTIR spectroscopic method. High selectivity of these ILs is caused by the considerably reduced permeances of N2 and CH4, most likely due to the ability of the -CN group to reject the nonpolar contaminant gases. Apart from the CO2 solubility, IL-CO2 interactions and IL swelling were studied with the in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Different strengths of the IL-CO2 interactions were found to be the major difference between the two classes of ILs. The difunctionalized ILs interacted stronger with CO2 than the glycol-functionalized ILs, as manifested in the smaller bandwidths of the bending mode band of CO2 for the latter.
The Direct Dimethyl Ether (DME) Synthesis Process from Carbon-Based Feed Stocks: Current -Status and Future Prospects II. Kinetic Studies and Catalyst Deactivation (2018)

In Part I of this series, it was seen that the favorable thermodynamic and kinetic coupling in the LPDMEtm process--of methanol dehydration reaction (very rapid and at/near thermodynamic equilibrium) with the methanol synthesis reaction (slower kinetics and highly thermodynamic) --leads the beneficial “chemical synergy”. This synergy helps to overcome the limitation on thermodynamic equilibrium conversion and increases the per-pass syngas conversion and reactor productivity. This increase in the per-pass syngas conversion can be as high as 50-100% and depends primarily on the feed H2: CO ratio.
Development, calibration and characterization of silicon photonics based optical phased arrays (2021)

Over the last decade, Optical Phased Arrays (OPA) have been extensively studied, targeting applications such as Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) systems, holographic displays, atmospheric monitoring and free space communications. Leveraging the maturity of the silicon photonics platform, the usual mechanical based beam steering system could be replaced by an integrated OPA; significantly reducing the cost and size of the LiDAR while improving its performance (scanning speed, power efficiency, resolution…) thanks to solid state beam steering. However, the realization of an OPA that meets the specifications of a LiDAR system (low divergence and single output beam) is not trivial. Targeting the realization of a complete LiDAR system, the technical challenges inherent to the development of high performance OPAs have been studied at CEA LETI. In particular, efficient genetic algorithms have been developed for the calibration of high channel count OPAs as well as an advanced measurement setup compatible with wafer-scale OPA characterization.
POVPC induces the smooth muscle cells inflammatory phenotype (2007)

Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease characterized by lipid deposition and inflammation within the arterial wall. Oxidized phospholipids (oxPLs) such as 1‐palmytoyl‐2‐(5‐oxovaleroyl)‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (POVPC) are concentrated within atherosclerotic lesions and known to be proinflammatory agonists for endothelialcells. Phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells (SMC) plays a critical role in atherogenesis, yet nothing is known regarding the effects of oxPLs on SMC phenotype. The goal of the present studies was to determine if POVPC induces an inflammation in SMC by activating secondary induction of inflammatory cytokines. POVPC markedly suppressed expression of SM a‐actin and SM myosin in cultured SMC and in vivo following application of POVPC to the adventitial surface of rat carotid arteries using a pluronic gel system. POVPC also induced large increases in secretion of MCP‐1, a key chemokine for monocytes/macrophages, VEGF, and Egr1. Of interest, at low concentrations POVPC stimulated [ 3 H]‐thymidin incorporation into SMC. Taken together, results suggest that oxidized phospholipids may contribute to phenotypic switching of SMC during development of atherosclerosis, not only by activating inflammatory processes in endothelial cells but also within SMC. Supported by NIH grants P01 HL19242 and R37 HL57353.
Identification of genes expressed in the adult zebrafish cornea. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(A) Summary of the microarray results. In total 260 genes were found to be strongly expressed in the cornea relative to the dermis and epidermis. (B) RT-qPCR analysis of the gene expression in the cornea of adult zebrafish. Genes expressed differently between the two tissues in the microarray analysis (with fold change &gt; 2 and adjusted &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-value &lt; 0.001) were selected and subjected to verification by RT-qPCR. Relative expression levels in the cornea (black columns) and the skin (white columns) are shown with the total expression level (cornea + skin) set to 100%. As an example for a gene enriched in the skin gene set, we chose &lt;i&gt;cldnd&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;claudin d&lt;/i&gt;). All genes examined showed the correct direction of enrichment (three biological repeats, two tail unpaired &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;-test, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-adjusted &lt;0.05) thus verifying our microarray results.&lt;/p&gt;
Binding of Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+to Inositol Tri-, Tetra-, Penta-, and Hexaphosphates (1998)

myo-Inositol hexaphosphate, the salt of myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid (IP6), is a common constituent of many plant foods, such as cereals and legumes. IP6 interacts with mineral elements, influencing their bioavailability. Processed foods contain a mixture of different inositol phosphates, i.e., IP6 and its degradation products with five or less phosphate groups (IP5−IP1). The interaction of the lower inositol phosphates with mineral elements is not well-known. In this study, the interaction between metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+) and isolated fractions of inositol phosphates with 6, 5, 4 and 3 phosphate groups (IP6−IP3) was investigated by using a potentiometric technique. The study was performed at pH 3−7, which is the pH range in the upper part of the duodenum, where mineral absorption takes place. The inositol phosphate fractions studied had a pronounced binding capacity between pH 5 and 7. Thus, mineral complex formation with lower inositol phosphates is likely to occur in the duodenum, which would be important from a nutritional point of view. The mineral binding capacity as calculated per phosphate group was similar for IP6, IP5, IP4, and IP3, but the binding strength was lower for the lower inositol phosphates (IP4 and IP3). At increasing pH, within the range (pH 3−7), the metal complex formation generally began in the order copper, zinc, cadmium for all inositol phosphates indicating the same order of binding strength, i.e., Cu > Zn > Cd. For IP6 the difference was small between Cu and Zn. Keywords: Inositol phosphates; mineral ions; complex formation; binding strength
Pressure-Tunable Dual-Column Ensembles for High-Speed GC and GC/MS (2000)

A series-coupled ensemble of two capillary GC columns of different selectivity with an adjustable pressure at the column junction point is used to obtain tunable selectivity for high-speed GC and GC/TOFMS. An electronic pressure controller with a 0.1-psi step size is used to obtain numerous computer-selected unique selectivities. System configurations for conventional, atmospheric-pressure outlet operation with flame ionization detection and for vacuum-outlet operation with photoionization detection are described for GC-only experiments. Polydimethylsiloxane is used as the non-polar column and polyethylene glycol (atmospheric outlet) or triflouropropylpolysiloxane (vacuum outlet) is used as the polar column. For GC/TOFMS experiments, 5% phenyl polydimethylsiloxane was used as the non-polar column, and polyethylene glycol was used as the polar column. The time-of-flight mass spectrometer can acquire up to 500 complete mass spectra per second. Since spectral continuity is achieved across the entire chromatographic peak profile, severely overlapping peaks can be spectrally deconvoluted for high-speed characterization of completely unknown mixtures. For mixture components with significantly different fragmentation patterns, spectral deconvolution can be achieved for chromatographic peak separations of as little as 6.0 ms. This can result is very large peak capacity for time compressed (not completely resolved) chromatograms. The use of columns with tunable selectivity allows for precise peak-position control, which can result in more efficient utilization of available peak capacity and thus further time compression of chromatograms. The limits of tunability and deconvolution are tested for near co-elutions of different classes of hydrocarbon compounds as well as for more multi-functional mixtures.
On-line monitoring of transformers by means of the transfer function method (2002)

High-voltage impulse tests are part of the acceptance tests of power transformers. During the impulse test impulse voltages and currents (e.g. the neutral current) are digitally recorded. The transfer function (transadmittance) of the test object can be calculated as quotient of the spectra of voltage and current. The evaluation of the transfer function offers new possibilities to indicate internal insulation faults of the test object or displacements in the winding arrangement. The transfer function method can also be used for on-line monitoring of transformers in electric power systems. Thereby, the transfer function is calculated from transients caused by switching operations. Measurements of transient signals in substations confirm the suitability of the transfer function method for on-line monitoring of power transformers. But to interpret the measuring results on a voltage transformer and a power transformer in a correct way further research is necessary. Some practical aspects are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
REAL-TIME IMAGING FOR CONSTRUCTION SITE METROLOGY. FINAL REPORT (1988)

Military construction, like the private industry, needs improved methods by which: (1) quality can be assured throughout the construction process, (2) the degree of construction progress can be assessed and documented, and (3) the performance of systems and materials can be assessed over time to aid in maintenance decision-making. Although these aspects of construction processes have traditionally been addressed through an empirical approach, recent advances in computer technology have provided new opportunities for improving upon the traditional methods. The U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory is exploring the use of a sequential construction analyzer (SCA) to improve quality assurance, allow for more effective tracking of construction progress, and provide data for making decisions about maintenance. The SCA is a computer-based system that uses images obtained via various types of cameras to enhance the image data into useful information. This study was conducted to identify potential applications of the SCA in three areas of construction: buildings, construction sites, and paving. Many possibilities exist for applying this technology to the construction industry. The SCA concept is being optimized and a prototype is under development. When the prototype has been field-tested successfully, it will be used to develop specific applications for the Army and private industry.
Validation for On-Orbit Demonstration of Glint Imagery Tasking (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1109.vid For satellite remote sensing, glint imagery is the capture of specular reflections of solar radiation off reflective surfaces. For most applications, glint captures are coincidental occurrences, wherein the satellites are perfectly oriented in the required geometric conditions to capture solar reflections over open-water or reflective surfaces such as solar panels. However, for a hyperspectral satellite, these glint captures can provide immense information about the contents of the atmosphere — in our case, its can be used to detect Methane and Carbon Dioxide content to identify sources of leaks and high-emitters. Planet Labs’ future hyperspectral satellite constellation is designed to be used to continuously monitor and detect sources of greenhouse gas emitters, to empower actionable climate change mitigation strategies. One concept of operations for these satellites is collecting glint imagery over open water to study off-shore emissions. This paper talks about an approach developed to task a satellite autonomously to capture a glint image. This approach was tested on-orbit using Planet’s existing fleets of satellites — Doves and SkySats, to capture images of offshore test targets. This paper presents the validation performed to ensure that the images captured satisfy the geometric glint conditions required, and radiometrically validate that glint conditions occur as predicted in our model by observing the variance of glint across the capture time window.
Ultra-wideband Miniaturized Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures Embedded in Printed Circuit Boards: Theory, Modeling and Experimental Validation (2005)

This work presents a novel design for electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures embedded in printed circuit boards (PCB). The presented design is able to mitigate switching noise in a power distribution network (PDN) on an unprecedented range of frequencies, while having a very compact, miniaturized and practical structure. The theory of operation of this design is presented using a new equivalent circuit model for embedded EBG (EEBG) structures. The model based on the transmission line theory and cascaded structures, by employing a simple lumped-element substitute for the patch-via structure, presents a first order, but detailed, quantitative analysis of the filtering properties of the metallo-dielectric EBG structure. Laboratory PCB prototypes were fabricated and tested revealing appreciable suppression of noise testifying to the effectiveness of our design.
Cloning and analysis of unique human glutaminase isoforms generated by tissue-specific alternative splicing (1999)

Three human glutaminase (hGA) isoforms were identified, two of which represent isoforms previously unidentified in any species. One isoform contains an open reading frame with high homology with the rat kidney-type glutaminase, suggesting that this isoform represents the human kidney-type glutaminase, hKGA. A second isoform, termed hGAC, contains an open reading frame that matches hKGA except for a unique COOH-terminal amino acid sequence. In addition, a third human glutaminase isoform was identified from a computer search and on further analysis was found to represent an additional unique isoform, hGAM. hKGA is expressed predominantly in brain and kidney but not in liver, hGAC is expressed principally in cardiac muscle and pancreas but not in liver or brain, and hGAM is expressed solely in cardiac and skeletal muscle. hGAC is the predominant isoform expressed by a human breast cancer cell line that exhibits a high rate of glutamine utilization and glutaminase activity. Genomic Southern analysis as well as isolation and analysis of five glutaminase genomic clones suggested that all three hGA isoforms originate from the same locus and therefore represent mRNA species that are produced by tissue-specific alternative splicing of a single pre-mRNA. Furthermore, an RT-PCR assay was developed that can be used to easily differentiate between hKGA and hGAC mRNA species.
ChemInform Abstract: EINE NEUE METHODE ZUR SYNTH. VON PYRROLO(1,2‐A)PYRAZINEN UND PYRROLO(1,2‐A)CHINOXALINEN (1971)

Abstract Durch Alkylierung der Pyrrolverbindungen (I) mit α‐Bromcarbonylverbindungen (II) oder ihren Acetalen zu den Zwischenverbindungen (III) lassen sich durch Behandlung dieser Zwischenstufen mit Ammoniumacetat und Eisessig und anschließend mit Salzsäure die Hydrochloride der Pyrrolopyrazine (IV) darstellen.
Computer-supported collaborative learning in the medical workplace: Students' experiences on formative peer feedback of a critical appraisal of a topic paper (2011)

CSCL appears to offer a suitable environment for peers to provide formative feedback on a Critical Appraisal of a Topic paper during workplace learning. The CSCL environment enabled students to collaborate in asynchronous discussions, which positively influenced their learning.
The influence of candesartan and PD123319 on responses to angiotensin II in the hindquarters vascular bed of the rat. (1999)

The effects of the AT1 and AT2 receptor blockers candesartan and PD123319 on hemodynamic responses to angiotensin II (AngII) were investigated in the anesthetized rat. Injections of AngII caused dose-related increases in systemic arterial and in hindquarters perfusion pressure that were reduced by candesartan. The inhibitory effects of candesartan were insurmountable, and a vasodepressor or vasodilator response to AngII was not unmasked. The AT2 receptor antagonist PD 123319 had no effect on increases in systemic arterial and hindquarters perfusion pressure in response to AngII. The present results suggest that pressor responses to AngII are mediated by the activation of AT1 receptors, and that AT2 receptors do not appear to modulate hemodynamic responses to AngII in the anesthetized rat.
Wafer Strength and Slip Generation Behavior in 300 mm Wafers (2006)

Dependence of mechanical strength of large diameter wafers as a function of impurity concentration and density of oxide precipitates has been studied in terms of brittle fracture and slip dislocation propagation.
Determining electron temperature for small spherical probes from network analyzer measurements of complex impedance (2008)

In earlier work, using a network analyzer, it was shown that collisionless resistance (CR) exists in the sheath of a spherical probe when driven by a small rf signal. The CR is inversely proportional to the plasma density gradient at the location where the applied angular frequency equals the plasma frequency ωpe. Recently, efforts have concentrated on a study of the low-to-intermediate frequency response of the probe to the rf signal. At sufficiently low frequencies, the CR is beyond cutoff, i.e., below the plasma frequency at the surface of the probe. Since the electron density at the probe surface decreases as a function of applied (negative) bias, the CR will extend to lower frequencies as the magnitude of negative bias increases. Therefore to eliminate both CR and ion current contributions, the frequencies presently being considered are much greater than the ion plasma frequency, ωpi, but less than the plasma frequency, ωpe(r0), where r0 is the probe radius. It is shown that, in this frequency regime...
PROPERTIES OF DECAPACITATION FACTOR AND PRESENCE IN VARIOUS SPECIES (1967)

Summary. Seminal plasma from eight species was assayed for decapacitation factor (df) activity. Seminal plasma from the bull, boar, stallion, rabbit and monkey all contained df activity whereas human, rooster and dog seminal plasma did not. The hypothesis is suggested that the presence, or absence, of df in the seminal plasma of a species is indicative of the need for, or lack of, capacitation within that species. Incubation of partially purified df with hyaluronidase, glucose oxidase, lysozyme or Pronase does not affect df activity ; however, such activity was destroyed by incubation with α- or β-amylase. Sialic acid, sialyl lactose and maltose were all ineffective in causing decapacitation or in preventing subsequent decapacitation of uterine sperm.
Reconfigurable Modal Gain Control of a Few-Mode EDFA Supporting Six Spatial Modes (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate an inline few-mode erbium doped fiber amplifier supporting six spatial modes with reconfigurable differential gain control and excellent gain flatness obtained through mode-selective bidirectional pumping of a custom fiber with a radially profiled erbium dopant distribution. A signal gain of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">${&gt;}{\rm 20}~{\rm dB}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was obtained for all the guided modes with a differential modal gain <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">${&lt;}{\rm 2}~{\rm dB}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and good gain flatness across the C-band.
Parallel discrete event simulation (1991)

In simulating applications for execution on specific computing systems, the simulation performance figures must be known in a short period of time. One basic approach to the problem of reducing the required simulation time is the exploitation of parallelism. However, in parallelizing the simulation new problems arise. Due to the distributed generation of events causality errors can occur, as a result the sequence in which to process the events is essentially indeterminated. In this paper we present a model to analyse the inherent parallelism of a simulation, together with a survey of existing strategies to perform the simulation in parallel. Some extensions to this model are discussed, resulting in reliable evaluation of the effectiveness of these strategies. 1 Introduction In the Parallel Scientific Computing Working-group at the University of Amsterdam, we are interested in the execution performance of classes of applications on classes of computing systems. We distinguish the follo...
Safety and Validity of Anterior Cervical Disc Replacement for Single-level Cervical Disc Disease: Initial Two-year Follow-up of the Prospective Observational Post-marketing Surveillance Study for Japanese Patients (2022)

Anterior cervical disc replacement (ACDR) using cervical artificial disc (CAD) has the advantage of maintaining the range of motion (ROM) at the surgical level, subsequently reducing the postoperative risk of adjacent disc disease. Following the approval for the clinical use in Japan, a post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study was conducted for two different types of CAD, namely, Mobi-C (metal-on-plastic design) and Prestige LP (metal-on-metal design). The objective of this prospective observational multicenter study was to analyze the first 2-year surgical results of the PMS study of 1-level ACDR in Japan. A total of 54 patients were registered (Mobi-C, n = 24, MC group; Prestige LP, n = 30, PLP group). Preoperative neurological assessment revealed radiculopathy in 31 patients (57.4%) and myelopathy in 15 patients (27.8%). Preoperative radiological assessment classified the disease category as disc herniation in 15 patients (27.8%), osteophyte in 6 patients (11.1%), and both in 33 patients (61.1%). The postoperative follow-up rates at 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after ACDR were 92.6%, 87.0%, 83.3%, and 79.6%, respectively. In both groups, patients' neurological condition improved significantly after surgery. Radiographic assessment revealed loss of mobility at the surgical level in 9.5% of patients in the MC group and in 9.1% of patients in the PLP group. No secondary surgeries at the initial surgical level and no serious adverse events were observed in either group. The present results suggest that 1-level ACDR is safe, although medium- to long-term follow-up is mandatory to further verify the validity of ACDR for Japanese patients.