gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active 2,3‐Allenols via the Simple CuBr‐Mediated Reaction of Optically Active Propargylic Alcohols with Paraformaldehyde. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pressure Induced Flow of Solid 4He (2006)

Recent torsional oscillator measurements on solid 4He in the pores of Vycor and in bulk have demonstrated non‐classical rotational inertia, interpreted in terms of a transition to a supersolid phase. In the interest of determining whether or not solid 4He exhibits any of the other unusual flow properties of a superfluid, we have used a piezoelectrically driven diaphragm to study the pressure‐induced flow of solid helium into the Vycor pores. We also present preliminary results of the pressure‐induced flow of bulk solid helium through an array of microchannels.
p53MVA Therapy in Patients with Refractory Gastrointestinal Malignancies Elevates p53-Specific CD8+ T-cell Responses (2014)

p53MVA was well tolerated and induced robust CD8+ T-cell responses. Combination of p53MVA with immune checkpoint inhibition could help sustain immune responses and lead to enhanced clinical benefit.
Supplementary Data from Targeting the Extracellular HSP90 Co-Chaperone Morgana Inhibits Cancer Cell Migration and Promotes Anticancer Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures&lt;/p&gt;
Fabrication of Nanofibrous Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/ poly (vinyl alcohol) Scaffolds for Skin Tissue Engineering (2014)

In this research we have developed biocompatible nanofibrous mats with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) using water as the only solvent. Electrospinning of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) (5 wt%) with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (15 wt%) at different weight ratios 50:50, 40:60 and 30:70 was carried out and evaluated for optimal tissue engineering scaffolds. The nanofibrous mats were cross-linked using glutaraldehyde and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). SEM images showed that the mean diameters of blend nanofibers were gradually increased from 241±17.03 to 320±27.17 nm with the increased of PVA content. Thermal characterization indicated the stability of HEC/PVA nanofibers was increased with the decreased of PVA content. Studies on cell-scaffolds interaction was carried out by culturing human melanoma cells (A375) on HEC/PVA nanofibers by assessing the growth, proliferation and morphologies of cells. The SEM results shows that A375 cells differentiated and spread well on all HEC/PVA nanofibrous scaffolds with globular morphology after 7 days culturing which exhibit excellent biocompatibility and enhancement of cell penetration and growth within nanofibrous mats. The cellular adhesion profiles and stability results promises that these fibrous mats are potential scaffold for skin tissue engineering.
Polarization-demultiplexed two-color frequency conversion of femtosecond pulses in birefringent photonic-crystal fibers (2005)

Birefringent photonic-crystal fibers provide efficient polarization-sensitive anti-Stokes frequency conversion of unamplified 35-fs Ti: sapphire laser pulses, giving rise to a doublet of intense blue-shifted emission spectral lines centered at 490 and 510 nm. We show that this anti-Stokes doublet can be wavelength-demultiplexed by a polarizationseparating prism. Generation of the 510-nm signal is decoupled from frequency conversion to 490 nm by accurately polarizing the pump field along one of the principal axes of the elliptically deformed fiber core.
Novel Technologies for Addressing Moisure in Earth Covered Magazines and Other Buried Structures (2008)

Abstract The earth covered magazines (ECMs) at many Army installations have severe moisture intrusion problems. This water intrusion causes deterioration and corrosion of ammunition and equipment within the ECMs, making many types of ordinance unusable, including sensitive munitions with sophisticated electronic fusing and missiles. The Engineer Research and Development Center Construction Engineering Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) was funded to assist in solving the severe water intrusion problem in steel arch ECMs. To address the problem ERDC-CERL recommended installing Electro-Osmotic Pulse (EOP) technology. This paper will present an analysis of the tests conducted and the test results.
Synthesis and Solubility Study of the Polyamides Containing 4,4'-(9- fluorenylidene)dianiline in the Backbone as an Antireflecting Spin-on Hardmask Materials (2007)

Due to the continuous demand for smaller microelectronic devices, there exists a need to reduce the size of structural shapes in microelectronics and other related industries. Toward this end, effective lithographic techniques are essential to achieve a reduction in the size of microelectronic structures. Typical lithographic processes involve etch resistant photoresist underlying materials having antireflecting properties at a certain wavelength exposure. In this work, such materials were synthesized by the step-polymerization of diamines 2,2'-bis(3-amino- 4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane (6FP) and 4,4'-(9-fluorenylidene)dianiline (BAFL) with a variety of diacid chlorides [terepthaloyl, isophthaloyl, glutaryl, and succinyl chlorides] and characterized by 1H NMR in tetrahydrofuran (THF-d8), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using polystyrene standards. The effect of the structure of the components on the copolymer solubility in mixture of propylene glycol monoethylether acetate (PGMEA) and cyclohexanone used in microelectronics processing was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy. The solubility of the copolymers was found to be in trade-off relationship with BAFL content needed for its antireflective properties and high plasma etch resistance. The polymers that were prepared by using the equimolar mixture of isophthaloyl dichloride and glutaryl dichloride equimolar mixture showed the best solubility, processability and functionality and are applicable as spin-on antireflecting hardmask materials for deep ultra violet (DUV) litfhography technology. They showed good coatability,chemical resistance, plasma etch resistance, and plasma etch selectivity.
Trust management for cheating detection in distributed massively multiplayer online games (2017)

In this paper we examine the use of trust metrics for punishing dishonest (cheating) and malicious (griefing) behavior in peer-to-peer massively multiplayer online games (MMOG’s). In particular, we first replicate the work of Goodman and Verbrugge and then propose a metric of our own. Our approach uses a reinforcement learning trust metric that can more rapidly and accurately detect dishonest and malicious behavior. We use a genetic algorithm which keeps in mind the goals of the system to select the parameters for our trust metric. Our metric produces a system which removes dishonest and malicious players from the system much faster than the original while nonetheless retaining a low false positive rate. The metric also produces a surprising result in which cheating and griefing are treated equally, despite being unequal offenses.
Secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene photooxidation under high‐NOx conditions (2005)

The oxidation of isoprene (2‐methyl‐1,3‐butadiene) is known to play a central role in the photochemistry of the troposphere, but is generally not considered to lead to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), due to the relatively high volatility of known reaction products. However, in the chamber studies described here, we measure SOA production from isoprene photooxidation under high‐NO x conditions, at significantly lower isoprene concentrations than had been observed previously. Mass yields are low (0.9–3.0%), but because of large emissions, isoprene photooxidation may still contribute substantially to global SOA production. Results from photooxidation experiments of compounds structurally similar to isoprene (1,3‐butadiene and 2‐ and 3‐methyl‐1‐butene) suggest that SOA formation from isoprene oxidation proceeds from the further reaction of first‐generation oxidation products (i.e., the oxidative attack of both double bonds). The gas‐phase chemistry of such oxidation products is in general poorly characterized and warrants further study.
Extensions of principal component analysis for nonlinear feature extraction (2002)

One of the challenges of feature extraction is the ability to deal with complexities intrinsic to vast data sets in high-dimensional spaces. Multivariate methods are generally used to identify and eliminate unnecessary dimensions so as to encourage a more parsimonious representation of the data set while retaining the maximum information content possible. In this paper, we survey multivariate statistical approaches and introduce their neural network counterparts to perform linear and nonlinear dimensionality reduction. The usefulness of the various techniques is demonstrated using real-life data.
Insights into Perovskite Film Formation Using the Hybrid Evaporation/Spin-Coating Route: An In Situ XRD Study (2023)

The hybrid evaporation/spin-coating route has been widely used for fabrication of highly efficient fully textured perovskite silicon tandem solar cells and is a promising route for upscaling. Nevertheless, fundamental aspects of the fabrication process such as the kinetics of perovskite crystallization and the influence of the environmental conditions remain uncertain. In this work, we investigate the individual stages of tandem-relevant 1.66 eV bandgap perovskite formation and map the structural evolution from the precursor to the perovskite phase until the degradation phase. We find that the kinetics of these transitions can be tuned by varying the humidity or the temperature during the annealing treatment. Specifically, increasing the relative humidity up to 50% elevates the reaction rate and results in improved perovskite quality. This is directly reflected in the solar cell power conversion efficiency with a 3%abs increment on average. While high annealing temperatures are found to promote large grain size growth and enhanced crystallinity, we observe that above 150 °C the remnant PbI2 precursor compromises film quality. Furthermore, the perovskite formation kinetics is fitted using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov model. The Avrami constant is found in the range 0.66–0.87, indicating a diffusion-controlled one-dimensional growth process with an associated activation energy of 54.49 kJ/mol. Using in situ XRD, this work gives insights on key process parameters to ensure reproducible synthesis of high-quality perovskite films.
Effects of endothelin on the coronary vascular bed in open-chest dogs. (1989)

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of endothelin, a newly discovered very potent vasoconstrictor secreted by endothelial cells, on the coronary vascular bed. For this purpose, the effects of endothelin injected intracoronarily were tested in open-chest anesthetized dogs with the circumflex coronary artery cannulated and perfused at a constant pressure of 100 mm Hg. Circumflex blood flow, transmural distribution of coronary blood flow (radioactive microspheres), circumflex coronary artery diameter (piezoelectric crystals), and circumflex luminal surface area were measured. Endothelin decreased coronary blood flow by 30% and 61% with doses of 1 and 3 micrograms, respectively. A dose of 10 micrograms was lethal. The decrease of coronary blood flow was larger in the subepicardium than in the subendocardium, which explains that the endocardial-epicardial blood flow ratio increased from 1.27 +/- 0.05 to 1.98 +/- 0.23 (p less than 0.001) with a dose of 3 micrograms endothelin. Circumflex surface area decreased by 7% (p = NS) and 20% (p less than 0.01) with doses of 1 and 3 micrograms endothelin, respectively. The action of endothelin was not modified by the concomitant alpha-adrenergic blockade, serotonergic blockade, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, or cyclooxygenase inhibition. We conclude that endothelin is a potent coronary vasoconstrictor with a selective effect on the subepicardium. At least part of the increase of coronary vascular resistance is due to a constriction of the large coronary arteries. Further studies are required to determine the physiopathological role of endothelin, especially in coronary vasospasm.
Digitally Cloning the Physical (2022)

The developments of Digital Twin-based solutions is receiving increasing attention from a large community of developers. The concept of the Digital Twin is not anymore confined into the realm of manufacturing. Lots of applications are adopting the approach in different application domains such as smart cities, e-health, logistics, education, and many more. The Digital Twin is a software representation of a corresponding complex physical object. The digital twin is based on two important features that are of the interest for the software and Information Technology community: data and modeling. Data are the central aspect for monitoring and representing the status of a physical object. Having access to well-formed data makes it possible to represent the salient features and characteristics of the physical object. The second major feature is how these data are to be organized and processed in order to reflect the actual status of the physical object.
Near-field infrared imaging with a microfabricated solid immersion lens (2000)

We report imaging in the infrared with a microfabricated solid immersion lens. The integrated 15-μm-diameter lens and cantilever are fabricated from single-crystal silicon and scanned in contact with a sample to obtain an image. We demonstrate a focused spot size of λ/5 and an effective numerical aperture of 2.5 with λ=9.3 μm light. The total power transmitted through the lens is a factor of 103 greater than through a metal aperture giving the same spatial resolution. Two 1.0 μm holes in a metal film separated by 3.0 μm are imaged with the solid immersion lens in transmission and shown to be resolved.
Making precision medicine personal for cystic fibrosis (2019)

Molecular defects in the cystic fibrosis gene prompt creative approaches to treatment
The Stringent Response Is Required for Full Virulence ofMycobacterium tuberculosisin Guinea Pigs (2010)

During human latent tuberculosis infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis likely resides within the nutrient‐starved environment of caseous lung granulomas. The stringent response alarmone (p)ppGpp is synthesized by Rel in response to nutrient starvation, thus enabling tubercle bacilli to restrict growth and shut down metabolism in a coordinated fashion. In this study, we investigated the virulence of a rel‐deficient M. tuberculosis mutant in the guinea pig model. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to study the effect of (p)ppGpp deficiency on expression of key cytokine and chemokine genes in guinea pig lungs. The rel‐deficient mutant showed impaired initial growth and survival relative to the wild‐type strain. Loss of Rel was associated with the striking absence of tubercle lesions grossly and of caseous granulomas histologically. The attenuated phenotype of the rel‐deficient mutant was not associated with increased expression of genes encoding the proinflammatory cytokines interferon‐γ and tumor necrosis factor α in the lungs 28 days after infection.
Metabolism of the Aryloxyphenoxypropanoate Herbicide, CGA 184927, in Wheat, Barley and Maize: Differential Effects of the Safener, CGA 185072 (1991)

Abstract The influence of the safener, CGA 185072 (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy-acetic acid-1-methylhexyl-ester), on the metabolism of the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide, CGA 184927 (2-propynyl-R-2-[4-(5-chloro-3-fluoro-2-pyridinyloxy)-phenoxy]-propionate), was studied in excised leaves of wheat, barley, and maize. In wheat and barley, CGA 184927 readily under­went ester hydrolysis followed by hydroxylation at the pyridinyl moiety as well as ether cleav­age between the pyridinyl and the phenyl ring. Ether cleavage constituted the minor pathway in both species. All metabolites were subject to glycosyl conjugation. Tetcyclacis strongly in­hibited pyridinyl-ring hydroxylation in wheat. Metabolism by hydroxylation and ether cleav­age was more rapid in wheat than in barley, and was found to be accelerated in the presence of the safener CGA 185072 in both wheat and, to a lesser degree, in barley. Moreover, the safener increased the capacity for O-glycoside formation in wheat as suggested from studies using the ,4C-labelled pyridinyl-ring hydroxylated metabolite as a precursor. In maize, which is highly susceptible to CGA 184927, rapid ester hydrolysis of CGA 184927 and partial conversion of the corresponding carboxylic acid to glycosyl ester conjugate(s) occurred. However, no further transformation of the herbicide was found in maize, both in the absence or presence of CGA 185072. It is concluded that the ability of CGA 185072 to protect wheat from injury by the herbicide, CGA 184927, and to confer partial protection to barley, is related to the ability of the safener to stimulate herbicide metabolism in these crop species.
A reduced global warming potential replacement for HFC-134a in centrifugal chillers: XP10 measured performance and projected climate impact (2013)

The performance of XP10, a new refrigerant with a reduced global warming potential, in a centrifugal chiller designed for HFC-134a with a cooling capacity of 1969.44 kW (560 tons) was measured under full- and part-load conditions and compared to performance with HFC-134a. Measured chiller energy efficiencies with XP10 were comparable to those with HFC-134a. They resulted in 0.6% higher energy consumption for XP10 when integrated over a representative profile of partial loads as described by AHRI Standard 550/590 (AHRI 2003). Based on the measured chiller performance, XP10 could be considered a near drop-in replacement for HFC-134a in centrifugal chillers. It could replace HFC-134a in existing chillers or enable optimized new chiller designs without extensive equipment and no flammability code modifications. The total equivalent warming impact of a chiller with XP10 was estimated under representative scenarios and compared to total equivalent warming impact with HFC-134a. Use of XP10 could significantly reduce chiller global warming impact relative to HFC-134a, when chiller refrigerant losses are unavoidably high or when electricity is generated with low GHG emissions. XP10 has the potential to be a more environmentally sustainable future option for medium-pressure centrifugal chillers.
Assessment of BCR-ABL1 Transcript Levels at 3 Months Is the Only Requirement for Predicting Outcome for Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2011)

A single measurement of BCR-ABL1 transcripts performed at 3 months is the best way to identify patients destined to fare poorly, thereby allowing early clinical intervention.
Charge–discharge reaction mechanism of manganese vanadium oxide as a high capacity anode material for lithium secondary battery (2002)

Crystalline MnV2O6 with brannerite structure was synthesized by a classical solid-state reaction and its electrochemical reaction mechanism as an anode for a Li secondary battery was investigated. The reversible capacity of the MnV2O6 anode during the first cycle was about 670 A h kg−1. An irreversible structural transformation into an amorphous phase via a rock-salt type structure was observed during the first Li insertion/removal reaction by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The charge compensation and the change in the local environmental structure during the Li insertion/removal were confirmed by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) of Mn and V.
Laser annealing of gallium-substituted garnet epitaxial films in pressurized oxygen (1981)

The effects of laser annealing Ga-substituted EuYIG epitaxial films in still, controlled ambients of air and one to five atmospheres of pure oxygen have been studied. An approximately logarithmic increase in saturation magnetization ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4\pi M_{s}</tex> ) and decrease in film magnetic Q factor were observed with increasing oxygen pressure in the annealing ambient. Compared with the most successful previous experiments, annealing at five atmospheres of oxygen displaced nearly twice the fraction of Ga from tetrahedral to octahedral lattice sites. As evidenced by the lack of film damage, the correlation of lattice parameter with the location of the Ga ions and the lack of broadening in the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) lines, effective annealing temperatures above 1850K were achieved with no significant loss of oxygen from the films. The use of FMR to deduce the extent of film annealing was affirmed through the agreement of independent measurements of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4\piM_{s}</tex> by bubble statics and SQUID magnetometry in films indicated to be homogeneous by FMR.
Approximate Counting of k-Paths: Deterministic and in Polynomial Space (2019)

A few years ago, Alon et al. [ISMB 2008] gave a simple randomized O((2e)^km epsilon^{-2})-time exponential-space algorithm to approximately compute the number of paths on k vertices in a graph G up to a multiplicative error of 1 +/- epsilon. Shortly afterwards, Alon and Gutner [IWPEC 2009, TALG 2010] gave a deterministic exponential-space algorithm with running time (2e)^{k+O(log^3k)}m log n whenever epsilon^{-1}=k^{O(1)}. Recently, Brand et al. [STOC 2018] provided a speed-up at the cost of reintroducing randomization. Specifically, they gave a randomized O(4^km epsilon^{-2})-time exponential-space algorithm. In this article, we revisit the algorithm by Alon and Gutner. We modify the foundation of their work, and with a novel twist, obtain the following results. - We present a deterministic 4^{k+O(sqrt{k}(log^2k+log^2 epsilon^{-1}))}m log n-time polynomial-space algorithm. This matches the running time of the best known deterministic polynomial-space algorithm for deciding whether a given graph G has a path on k vertices. - Additionally, we present a randomized 4^{k+O(log k(log k + log epsilon^{-1}))}m log n-time polynomial-space algorithm. While Brand et al. make non-trivial use of exterior algebra, our algorithm is very simple; we only make elementary use of the probabilistic method. Thus, the algorithm by Brand et al. runs in time 4^{k+o(k)}m whenever epsilon^{-1}=2^{o(k)}, while our deterministic and randomized algorithms run in time 4^{k+o(k)}m log n whenever epsilon^{-1}=2^{o(k^{1/4})} and epsilon^{-1}=2^{o(k/(log k))}, respectively. Prior to our work, no 2^{O(k)}n^{O(1)}-time polynomial-space algorithm was known. Additionally, our approach is embeddable in the classic framework of divide-and-color, hence it immediately extends to approximate counting of graphs of bounded treewidth; in comparison, Brand et al. note that their approach is limited to graphs of bounded pathwidth.