gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A randomized, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group trial of the tolerability of interferon beta-1a (Rebif®) administered by autoinjection or manual injection in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (2005)

Injection site reactions (ISRs) are a common side effect of subcutaneous interferon beta therapy, particularly during initiation of therapy. Retrospective analysis of two clinical trials showed that patients using an autoinjector experienced fewer ISRs than patients administering interferon beta manually. This randomized, open-label trial compared the occurrence of ISRs in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients subcutaneously injecting interferon beta-1a manually or with autoinjector. In total, 1825 patients (autoinjector, 932; manual injection, 893) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Significantly fewer patients using the autoinjector experienced ISRs, based on physician assessment, compared with manual injection (78.7% versus 85.4%; P <0.001). There was no statistical difference on primary study endpoint: number of patients experiencing moderate to severe ISRs after 12 weeks' therapy (25.3% versus 23.2%, P =0.449). The patient-reported proportion of any ISR during the treatment period was significantly greater for the manual injection group (71.8% versus 66. 1%; P<0.001). The decreased incidence of ISRs with the autoinjector compared to manual injection seen in this short-term study, coupled with ease of use of the autoinjector, suggest that it could improve compliance, and therefore therapeutic outcomes in some patients.
Variable speed drive-based pressure optimization of a pumping system comprising individual branch flow control elements (2014)

Circulation pumping systems hold energy savings potential, which can be seized with intelligent control. In this paper, a novel variable speed drive based method for minimizing the required pump pressure of a pumping system that has individual branch flow control elements is introduced. The method can be used to save energy for example in central heating circulation applications. Moreover, the presented method is purely software-based and can be implemented using a variable speed drive. The operation of the method was verified with simulations and a laboratory test setup and compared with proportional pressure control.
Properties of the .theta.-pinch flash lamp (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties of the .theta.-pinch flash lampGilbert J. Mains, Eric E. Daby, and Joe S. HittCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1970, 74, 24, 4204–4209Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100718a005https://doi.org/10.1021/j100718a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Advanced ultrasound Methods in assessment of carotid plaque instability: A prospective multimodal study (2019)

Abstract Background: A significant proportion of ischemic strokes are caused by emboli from atherosclerotic, unstable carotid artery plaques. The selection of patients for endarterectomy in current clinical practice is primarily based on the degree of carotid artery stenosis and clinical symptoms. However, the content of the plaque is known to be more important for stroke risk. Intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) has recently emerged as a possible surrogate marker for plaque instability. Neo-microvessels from the adventitial vasa vasorum grow into the full thickness of the vessel wall in an adaptive response to hypoxia, causing subsequent intraplaque haemorrhage and plaque rupture. Conventional ultrasound cannot detect IPN. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI), have, however, shown promise in IPN assessment. Recent research using Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) has also reported reduced tissue stiffness in the artery wall (reduced mean Young’s modulus) in unstable compared to stable plaques. The purpose of this study is to identify unstable carotid artery plaques at risk of rupture and future ischemic stroke risk using multimodal assessments. Methods: Thirty symptomatic and 30 asymptomatic patients &gt;18 years, with &gt;50% carotid stenosis referred to Oslo University Hospital ultrasound lab will be included in this on-going project. Patients will undergo contrast enhanced ultrasound, SMI, carotid-MRI and PET-(18F-FDG). Contrast enhanced ultrasound will be analyzed semi-quantitatively (5-levels of visual classification) and quantitatively by plotting time-intensity curve analyses to obtain plaque peak contrast enhancement intensity. Plaques removed at carotid endarterectomy will be assessed histologically and the number of microvessels, areas of inflammation, granulation, calcification, lipid and fibrosis will be measured. Discussion: This multimodality study will primarily provide information on the clinical value of advanced ultrasound methods (SMI, SWE) for the detection of unstable carotid artery plaque in comparison with other methods including contrast-enhanced ultrasound, carotid-MRI and PET-(18F-FDG) using histology as the gold standard. Secondly, findings from the methods mentioned above will be related to cerebrovascular symptoms, blood tests (leukocytes, CRP, ESR, lipoproteins and inflammatory markers) and cardiovascular risk factors at inclusion and at 1-year follow-up. The overall aim is to optimize detection of plaque instability which can lead to better preventive decisions and reduced stroke rate.
Antioxidant Evaluation in Malaysian Medicinal Plant: Persicaria minor (Huds.) Leaf (2011)

Persicaria minor (Huds.) from the family Polygonaceae is a common medicinal plant found in South East Asia. In Malaysia the plant is locally know as kesum. The kesum leaves are often consumed as ulam (raw medicinal plants consumed with daily meals) for preventive health care. In the Malaysian Traditional Medicine System, the decoction of kesum leave is recommended for digestive disorders and stomach pain. In a previous study (Vimala et al. 1999), preliminary screening of various Malaysian medicinal plants showed that kesum leaf possessed high antioxidant activity (>90%). Thus kesum is a potential and interesting plant for antioxidant evaluation. In this study, to obtain the antioxidant profile of kesum, the leaf aqueous extract was subjected to 3 antioxidant pathways representing Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition, Superoxide Scavenging and DPPH Free Radical Scavenging. The leaf extract was also subjected to Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and HPLC evaluation. The kesum leaf aqueous extract was further subjected to cytotoxicity evaluation using WRL-68 human liver and Vero monkey kidney cell lines. The extract was also subjected to microbial load count and heavy metal analysis. The results of the present study showed that kesum leaf aqueous extract possessed high antioxidant activity which was exhibited as >70% inhibitory activity in all 3 antioxidant assays. Kesum leaf also showed high Total Phenolic Content (2800.6 mg/100g GAE). The HPLC analysis showed the presence of flavanoids, phenolics and oxalic acid in kesum leaf. The leaf extract was found to be free from cytotoxicity (IC50 >300 µg/ml) in WRL-68 human liver and Vero monkey kidney cells. Microbial contamination and heavy metals were not detected. Thus kesum is a potential antioxidant plant for cultivation and exploitation as food additive. Oxalic acid is a powerful oxidizing agent that binds calcium to aid the digestive system. The scientific findings of this study support the traditional claims of kesum leaf as a medicinal plant for preventive health care and digestive disorders. Thus the kesum leaf is recommended as an antioxidant food additive for preventive health care.
A Facile Synthesis of 1,7‐Dicarbonyl Compounds via Three‐Component Michael Addition Reactions. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pathway patterns mobility study of first time vs. transfer students in computer science and information technology programs at a public university (2021)

Purpose Postsecondary institutions use metrics such as student retention and college completion rates to measure student success. Multiple factors affect the success of first time in college (FTIC) and transfer students. Transfer student success rates are significantly low, with most transfer students nationwide failing to complete their degrees in four-year institutions. The purpose of this study is to better understand the degree progression patterns of both student types in two undergraduate science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) programs: computer science (CS) and information technology (IT). Recommendations concerning academic advising are discussed to improve transfer student success. Design/methodology/approach This study describes how transfer student success can be improved by thoroughly analyzing their degree progression patterns. This study uses institutional data from a public university in the United States. Specifically, this study utilizes the data of FTIC and transfer students enrolled in CS and IT programs at the targeted university to understand their degree progression patterns and analyzes the program curricula using network science curricular analytics method to determine what courses in the curriculum require more assistance to retain students. Findings The major findings of this study are: (1) students’ degree mobility patterns within an institution differ significantly between transfer and FTIC students; (2) some similarities exist between the CS and IT programs in terms of transfer students' degree mobility patterns; (3) transfer students' performance in basic and intermediate level core courses contribute to differences in transfer students' mobility patterns. Originality/value This study introduces the concept of “mobility patterns” and examines student degree mobility patterns of both FTIC and transfer students in a large public university to improve the advising process for transfer students regarding courses and identifying secondary majors.
A system theory approach for designing cryptosystems based on hyperchaos (1999)

In this paper a general methodology for designing chaotic and hyperchaotic cryptosystems is developed. The basic idea is to make the decrypter a nonlinear observer for the state of the encrypter. Referring to this concept, some propositions are given which enable the plaintext to be retrieved if proper structural properties of the chaotic system hold. The proposed tool proves to be powerful and flexible, since a wide class of cryptosystems can be designed by exploiting different chaotic and hyperchaotic circuits. The advantages of the suggested approach are illustrated in detail. In particular, the utilization of hyperchaos-based cryptosystems, as well as the increased complexity of the transmitted signal, make a contribution to the development of communication systems with higher security.
Cationic Carbon Nanotubes Bind to CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides and Enhance Their Immunostimulatory Properties (2004)

Functionalized cationic carbon nanotubes are able to form a stable complex with CpG ODN based on charge interaction and to increase the immunostimulatory activity of CpG motifs.
Telavancin pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving haemodialysis (2021)

Haemodialysis with high-permeability haemodialysers removes telavancin considerably (∼⅓ of body load). Telavancin 5 mg/kg every 48 h post-haemodialysis dosing is recommended, but dose adjustments may be warranted if haemodialysis starts within 3 h of telavancin administration.
Spin-gap behavior in underdopedTlSr2(Lu0.7Ca0.3)Cu2Oy:Cu63andTl205NMR studies (1996)

Measurements of the Knight shift of $^{63}\mathrm{Cu}$ and the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate of $^{205}\mathrm{Tl}$, $^{205}$(1/${\mathit{T}}_{1}$), have revealed that ${\mathrm{TlSr}}_{2}$(${\mathrm{Lu}}_{0.7}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.3}$)${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathit{y}}$ with ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ = 40 K consisting of the bi-${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ layer without the CuO chain is in the underdoped regime with the spin pseudogap, which is evidenced by the significant decrease of $^{205}$(1/${\mathit{T}}_{1}$T) below 120 K far above ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ and the decrease of the $^{63}\mathrm{Cu}$ spin Knight shift upon cooling. Although the disorder is introduced into the adjacent Ca layers to the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ plane by the substitution of Lu for Ca sites, the spin-gap behavior is presented not to be masked. From this result, it is suggested that the absence of the spin-gap behavior in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ is neither due to the disorder introduced into the adjacent LaO layers to the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ plane by the substitution of Sr for La sites nor the absence of the CuO chain. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Mutation analysis of the polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) gene (1994)

The gene which is mutated in most cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), PKD1, has recently been identified on chromosome 16. Three quarters of this gene lies in a region of genomic DNA that is duplicated elsewhere on chromosome 16. Consequently, the search for mutations has proved difficult and our efforts so far have concentrated on screening the single copy 3{prime} region of the gene. We have employed the methods of field inversion gel electrophoresis, conventional Southern blotting, RT-PCR and heteroduplex analysis. From the examination of DNA of approximately 300 PKD1 patients, two deletions have been identified. One is a 5.5 kb genomic deletion, which is transmitted with the disease and results in a 3 kb deletion of the PKD1 transcript. The other is a de novo genomic deletion of 2 kb which removes {approximately}500 bp of the transcript. In addition, analysis of lymphoblast RNA by RT-PCR from 50 patients has revealed one splicing mutation resulting in the removal of a 135 bp exon. Further analysis of the single copy region of this gene is underway and strategies to screen the duplicated area of the gene for mutations are being explored.
Continuous thermosalinograph oceanography along POLARSTERN cruise track PS100 (ARK-XXX/2) (2017)

Kanzow, Torsten; Rohardt, Gerd (2017): Continuous thermosalinograph oceanography along POLARSTERN cruise track PS100 (ARK-XXX/2) [dataset]. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.873158
Electron-tunneling search for bound states in superconducting manganese-doped aluminum (1983)

It has been predicted that the virtual bound states localized at Mn atoms in bulk samples of Al-Mn alloys in the normal state will yield an observable band of bound states below the gap edge of the alloy when it is cooled and becomes superconducting. We present reasons why we believe that such bound states would be too broad to be seen in such samples but might be present in quench-condensed films. We have used electron-tunneling measurements to look for these bound states in superconducting, quench-condensed, Al-Mn alloy films, but have not found them. We believe our results indicate that the manganese atoms are nonmagnetic and that any bound states that exist must be too broad to be seen in this tunneling experiment.
ChemInform Abstract: Well‐Defined N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes—Palladium(II) Precatalysts for Cross‐Coupling Reactions (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Copy number variations in primary tumor, serum and lymph node metastasis of bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy (2020)

The aim of the present study was to analyze copy number variations (CNV) of multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in genomic DNA from primary tumor tissue, lymph node metastasis and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from serum of 72 urothelial carcinoma of bladder (UCB) patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC), using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). We hypothesized that primary tumor and lymph node metastasis show similar CNV profiles, and CNV are more present in lymph node metastasis compared to primary tumor tissue. Samples from 43 (59.7%) patients could be analyzed. In total, 35 (83%), 26 (68%) and 8 (42%) patients had CNV in primary tumor, serum and lymph node metastasis, respectively. MYC, CCND1, ERBB2 and CCNE1 displayed the most frequent amplifications. In particular, CNV in ERBB2 was associated with aggressive tumor characteristics. CNV in both ERBB2 and TOP2A were risk factors for disease recurrence. The current findings show that CNV are present in various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in genomic DNA from primary tumor, lymph node metastasis and cfDNA from serum. CNV were more present in genomic DNA from primary tumor tissue compared to cfDNA from serum and genomic DNA from lymph node metastasis. Patients with CNV in ERBB2 and TOP2A are at increased risk for disease recurrence following RC. Further studies are necessary to validate, whether these genes may represent promising candidates for targeted-therapy.
Improvement of stability for vertical take-off of an insect-mimicking flapping-wing system (2011)

In recent years, there has been a lot of progress in developing Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles (FW-MAVs) [1-2]. Most of them were designed for low Reynolds numbers environment (in the range of 5,000 to 10,000 [3]). Therefore, many researchers have been paying attention to principle of insect flight for potential application to improve FW-MAVs or to develop even smaller system, called Nano Air Vehicles (NAVs) [4]. Among many types of insects, Rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina Dichotoma, has been chosen for our study. Its weight is about 6 gram to 10 gram and wingspan is about 130 mm. It flaps its hind-wings at 30 Hz to 40 Hz with flapping angles of 165° to 180° during forward flight and hovering flight, respectively, and rotates its hind-wings around 140° [5]. It controls attitude by changing stroke plane and differential flapping angles without any control surface at tail. In an effort to mimic flight motion of this beetle, we have been developing a beetle-mimicking flapping-wing system, which has flapping angle of 145° [5-6] and flaps at 39 Hz for 12 V application. At this flapping frequency, the flapping-wing system can produce a large enough vertical force of about 7 grams to lift its own weight [7]. The wings in the system can passively rotate 105° about the flexible hinges. This paper describes how we modified the flapping-wing system for stable take-off in the vertical direction. For the modified system, the hind wings were directly connected to the output links of the flapping mechanism without flexible hinges. Instead, the trailing edges of the hind wings near wing root connected to the body, so that the hind wings can create semi-active wing rotation. Consequently, the wing rotation angle becomes variable from wing root to wing tip during flapping. By replacing the motor and modifying the linkage, the weight of flapping-wing is reduced to 4.6 grams and flapping frequency reduced to 26 Hz at 12 V. The modified system showed stable vertical take-off capacity. It could also stably take off at 23.5 Hz for 10 V application.
In situ estimation of blanket polish rates and wafer-to-wafer variation (2002)

Presents a scheme for extracting information from interferometry signals off patterned wafer polish during nonendpointed chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP). This enables one to obtain blanket removal rates immediately after a patterned wafer finishes polishing as well as estimate post-polish within lot thickness variation. A nonlinear regression algorithm is presented that enables one to estimate this information from less than a full interferometry trace cycle and with a lower sampling rate compared to peak-valley detection schemes.
In Vitro Systems Toxicology Assessment of a Candidate Modified Risk Tobacco Product Shows Reduced Toxicity Compared to That of a Conventional Cigarette (2015)

Cigarette smoke increases the risk for respiratory and other diseases. Although smoking prevalence has declined over the years, millions of adults choose to continue to smoke. Modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) are potentially valuable tools for adult smokers that are unwilling to quit their habit. Here, we investigated the biological impact of a candidate MRTP, the tobacco-heating system (THS) 2.2, compared to that of the 3R4F reference cigarette in normal primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Chemical characterization of the THS 2.2 aerosol showed reduced levels of harmful constituents compared to those of a combustible cigarette. Multiparametric indicators of cellular toxicity were measured via real-time cellular analysis and high-content screening. The study was complemented by a whole transcriptome analysis, followed by computational approaches to identify and quantify perturbed molecular pathways. Exposure of cells to 3R4F cigarette smoke resulted in a dose-dependent response in most toxicity end points. Moreover, we found a significant level of perturbation in multiple biological pathways, particularly in those related to cellular stress. By contrast, exposure to THS 2.2 resulted in an overall lower biological impact. At 3R4F doses, no toxic effects were observed. A toxic response was observed for THS 2.2 in some functional end points, but the responses occurred at doses between 3 and 15 times higher than those of 3R4F. The level of biological network perturbation was also significantly reduced following THS 2.2 aerosol exposure compared to that of 3R4F cigarette smoke. Taken together, the data suggest that THS 2.2 aerosol is less toxic than combustible cigarette smoke and thus may have the potential to reduce the risk for smoke-related diseases.