gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromigration in multilevel interconnects with polymeric low-k interlevel dielectrics (2001)

The impact of low-k dielectrics on the reliability of advanced Cu interconnects is of growing importance. As a first step to understanding this impact, we have investigated the effect of two types of polymeric low-k materials on the electromigration (EM) behavior of multilevel Al(Cu) interconnects. The two polymers used as interlevel dielectrics in this work are a fluorinated polyimide and a poly(aryl) ether. Joule heating experiments and microstructural analysis were both conducted on Al(Cu) to ensure that there were no significant microstructural or thermal differences between the polymer samples and their oxide counterparts. The resulting EM behavior can then be directly attributed to differences in the mechanical properties of the low-k and oxide interlevel dielectrics. We have observed that the low-k samples had a higher steady-state drift rate and did not reach saturation, resulting in shorter EM lifetimes. These results indicate that the short length is greatly modified with the incorporation of mechanically weaker dielectrics and can potentially alter reliability design strategies as Cu/Low-k integration moves into the production stage.
Toxicity of lectins and processing of ingested proteins in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (1995)

Abstract Acute toxicity of thirty lectins was tested against the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera, Aphididae: Macrosiphini). Activity was measured on artificial diets containing moderate concentrations of lectins (10–250 μg/ml) by scoring mortality and growth inhibition over the whole nymphal period (7 days at 20°C). Most of the proteins tested exhibited low toxicity, but some induced significant mortality; these included the lectins from jackbean (Concanavalin A), amaranth, lentil and snowdrop. There was no direct correlation between toxicity and sugar specificity of the lectin; however, many mannose‐binding lectins were toxic towards A. pisum. Concanavalin A was also tested on five other aphid species ( Aphis gossypii, Aulacortum solani, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphum albifrons and Myzus persicae ) at concentrations between 10–1500 μg/ml. Mortality was very variable from one species to another. Strong growth inhibition invariably occurred within this concentration range, although dose‐response curves differed substantially between aphid species. The peptidase complement of A. pisum 's digestive tract was also investigated, as well as the oral toxicity of some protease inhibitors (PIs) to this aphid. Most protein PIs were inactive, and no part of the digestive tract contained detectable amounts of endo‐protease activity. This is in contrast to the strong amino‐peptidase activity which was shown to occur predominantly in the midgut and crop portions of the digestive tract. The potential of lectins in transgenic crops to confer Host‐Plant Resistance to aphids is discussed.
Heterosynaptic Plasticity and the Experience-Dependent Refinement of Developing Neuronal Circuits (2021)

Neurons remodel the structure and strength of their synapses during critical periods of development in order to optimize both perception and cognition. Many of these developmental synaptic changes are thought to occur through synapse-specific homosynaptic forms of experience-dependent plasticity. However, homosynaptic plasticity can also induce or contribute to the plasticity of neighboring synapses through heterosynaptic interactions. Decades of research <i>in vitro</i> have uncovered many of the molecular mechanisms of heterosynaptic plasticity that mediate local compensation for homosynaptic plasticity, facilitation of further bouts of plasticity in nearby synapses, and cooperative induction of plasticity by neighboring synapses acting in concert. These discoveries greatly benefited from new tools and technologies that permitted single synapse imaging and manipulation of structure, function, and protein dynamics in living neurons. With the recent advent and application of similar tools for <i>in vivo</i> research, it is now feasible to explore how heterosynaptic plasticity contribute to critical periods and the development of neuronal circuits. In this review, we will first define the forms heterosynaptic plasticity can take and describe our current understanding of their molecular mechanisms. Then, we will outline how heterosynaptic plasticity may lead to meaningful refinement of neuronal responses and observations that suggest such mechanisms are indeed at work <i>in vivo</i>. Finally, we will use a well-studied model of cortical plasticity-ocular dominance plasticity during a critical period of visual cortex development-to highlight the molecular overlap between heterosynaptic and developmental forms of plasticity, and suggest potential avenues of future research.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1997)

Journal Article REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access Conversations with Madeleine Milhaud. By Roger Nichols. pp. 111. ( Faber & Faber, London, 1996, £9.99. ISBN 0-571-16055-7.) BARBARA L. KELLY BARBARA L. KELLY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 78, Issue 3, August 1997, Pages 457–459, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/78.3.457 Published: 01 August 1997
Measurement of the like-spin asymmetry in inclusive production of. pi. sup 0 and. eta. mesons in the central region at momentum 40 GeV/ c (1989)

The like-spin up-down asymmetry in production of {pi}{sup 0} and {eta} mesons has been measured in the central region on polarized protons and deuterons bombarded by negative pions and kaons at initial momentum 40 GeV/{ital c}. A significant asymmetry is observed in production of {pi}{sup 0} mesons, reaching 40--50% in the region {ital p}{sub {ital t}} {gt}2.4 GeV/{ital c}. An indication is obtained of the same behavior of the asymmetry in the production of {eta} mesons.
PKache: A Generic Framework for Data Plane Caching (2023)

In-network caching promises to improve the performance of networked and edge applications as it shortens the paths to data. This is by storing so-called hot items in the network switches on-route between clients accessing the data and the storage servers. Since the data flows through those switches in any case, it is natural to cache hot items there.
Small Angle Moire Contouring (1988)

Moire contouring techniques have proven useful for a variety of application in which continuous curved surfaces have been of interest. However, traditional moire contouring has limitations when dealing with many surfaces which contain step changes in the height of the surface. In particular, the fringe data provided by the moire method has an ambiguity when there is a step change of more than the contour interval of the fringe, that is, when the step change is greater than one fringe. In this case, the fringe order (which fringe we are on) can be lost such that the absolute change in distance is unknown. Steps also cause a problem with shadows since the surface is illuminated at other than the viewing angle in order to obtain the triangulation effect used in moire contouring. This paper suggests some possible solutions to this problem, and describes a specific experiment aimed at overcoming these difficulties.
Isolated microgrid voltage regulation using fuzzy-logic based inverter control (2019)

Modern isolated microgrid requires flexible and intelligent control of inverter to minimize the power mismatch between renewable generators and load. Maintaining the voltage at load connection is one of the critical aspects of voltage regulation in the isolated microgrid. The power generation from renewable generators is not constant as well as load parameters. Also, the power flow control between renewable generators is another major issue in an isolated microgrid. In this study, the intelligent fuzzy-logic based inverter control (FLIC) is used to regulate the voltage at the load connected considered the change in load-parameter and variation in the renewable power generation. The power output from the renewable generators is converted in DC to make the DCbus, which helps to maintain the power flow control between renewable generators and battery storage. The variation in the DC bus voltage is kept within acceptable limit using PI battery controller. The FLIC uses the error in the reference voltage and difference between the line-to-line voltage to generate firing pulses based on if-then rules. PV and renewable wind generator modeled with MPPT control for optimal power generation.
The United States Congress and Africanist Scholars (1991)

Linking scholars to the Congress is difficult primarily because of the weakness of Congressional interest in Africa, but also due to the low levels of interest among academics in both Congress and its Africa foreign policy and the poor resources of African studies in the U.S. to build a foundation of knowledge useful to the Congress.
A hybrid network coding technique for single-hop wireless networks (2009)

In this paper, we investigate a hybrid network coding technique to be used at a wireless base station (BS) or access point (AP) to increase the throughput efficiency of single-hop wireless networks. Traditionally, to provide reliability, lost packets from different flows (applications) are retransmitted separately, leading to inefficient use of wireless bandwidth. Using the proposed hybrid network coding approach, the BS encodes these lost packets, possibly from different flows together before broadcasting them to all wireless users. In this way, multiple wireless receivers can recover their lost packets simultaneously with a single transmission from the BS. Furthermore, simulations and theoretical analysis showed that when used in conjunction with an appropriate channel coding technique under typical channel conditions, this approach can increase the throughput efficiency up to 3.5 times over the automatic repeat request (ARQ), and up to 1.5 times over the HARQ techniques.
A novel comparative effectiveness study of Tai Chi versus aerobic exercise for fibromyalgia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01420640 , registered 18 August 2011.
Layer-by-Layer-Assembled Multilayer Films of Polyelectrolyte-Stabilized Surfactant Micelles for the Incorporation of Noncharged Organic Dyes (2008)

Noncharged pyrene molecules were incorporated into multilayer films by first loading pyrene into poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-stabilized cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles (noted as PAA&(Py@CTAB)) and then layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). The stable incorporation of pyrene into multilayer films was confirmed by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The resultant PAA&(Py@CTAB)/PDDA multilayer films show an exponential growth behavior because of the increased surface roughness with increasing number of film deposition cycles. The present study will open a general and cost-effective avenue for the incorporation of noncharged species, such as organic molecules, nanoparticles, and so forth, into LbL-assembled multilayer films by using polyelectrolyte-stabilized surfactant micelles as carriers.
Germline mutations inWNK2could be associated with serrated polyposis syndrome (2022)

After whole-exome sequencing in SPS cases with familial aggregation and replication of results in additional cohorts, we identified rare germline variants in the <i>WNK2</i> gene. Functional studies suggested germline <i>WNK2</i> variants affect protein function in the context of the MAPK pathway, a molecular hallmark in this disease.
Nature of hapten-modified determinants involved in induction of T cell tolerance and suppressor T cells to NDFB contact sensitivity. (1980)

Unresponsiveness to DNFB contact sensitivity induced by DNP-modified lymphoid cells (DNP-LC) is mediated by two separable pathways: a rapidly induced, long lasting inhibition of reactive T cell clones (donor tolerance), and a transient period of suppressor T cell (Ts) activity. The present report has examined the nature of the hapten-modified determinants responsible for the induction of these pathways by utilizing soluble DNP-LC cell lysate preparations as tolerogens. The results indicate that both DNP-modified MHC and non-MHC encoded determinants can mediate donor tolerance 7 days after tolerization. On the other hand, the induction of Ts requires DNP-modified MHC determinants, since DNP-LC lysates passed over lentil lectin or specific anti-H-2 immunoabsorbent columns lost their ability to induce Ts. Additional experiments showed that the injection of DNP-LC lysate compatible with the recipient strain at the H-2K and H-2D region of the MHC was sufficient for the induction of Ts. We propose that Ts induction involves the direct presentation of DNP-H-2 determinants to Ts precursors, whereas the induction of donor tolerance may involve host processing and presentation of DNP-modified membrane determinants in conjunction with host MHC structures.
Estimation of Fair Ranking Metrics with Incomplete Judgments (2021)

There is increasing attention to evaluating the fairness of search system ranking decisions. These metrics often consider the membership of items to particular groups, often identified using protected attributes such as gender or ethnicity. To date, these metrics typically assume the availability and completeness of protected attribute labels of items. However, the protected attributes of individuals are rarely present, limiting the application of fair ranking metrics in large scale systems. In order to address this problem, we propose a sampling strategy and estimation technique for four fair ranking metrics. We formulate a robust and unbiased estimator which can operate even with very limited number of labeled items. We evaluate our approach using both simulated and real world data. Our experimental results demonstrate that our method can estimate this family of fair ranking metrics and provides a robust, reliable alternative to exhaustive or random data annotation.
Map-based horizontal navigation in educational Hypertext (2002)

This paper discusses the problem of horizontal (non-hierarchical) navigation in modern educational courseware. We will look at why horizontal links disappear, how to support horizontal navigation in modern hyper-courseware, and our earlier attempts to provide horizontal navigation in Web-based electronic textbooks. Here, we present map-based navigation - a new approach to support horizontal navigation in open corpus educational courseware that we are currently investigating. We will describe the mechanism behind this approach, present a system KnowledgeSea that implements this approach, and provide some results of a classroom study of this system.
Sirolimus as Primary Immunosuppression Attenuates Allograft Vasculopathy With Improved Late Survival and Decreased Cardiac Events After Cardiac Transplantation (2011)

Substituting calcineurin inhibitor with sirolimus as primary immunosuppressant attenuates long-term cardiac allograft vasculopathy progression and may improve long-term allograft survival owing to favorable coronary remodeling. Because of the lack of randomization and retrospective nature of our analysis, the differences in outcome should be interpreted cautiously, and prospective clinical trials are required.
Printed Circuit Boards By Selective Deposition and Processing (2011)

With electronic applications on the horizon for AM, comes the dilemma of how to consolidate conductors, semi-conductors, and insulators in close proximity. To answer this challenge, laser printing (selective deposition) was used in tandem with fiber laser consolidation (selective processing) to produce PCBs for the first time. This combination offers the potential to generate tracks with high mechanical integrity and excellent electrical conductivity (close to bulk metal) without prolonged exposure of the substrate to elevated temperatures. Herein are the findings of a two-year feasibility study for a “one-stop” solution for producing PCBs (including conductive tracks, dielectric layers, protective resists, and legends).
Lifetime risk for patients with mitral valve prolapse of developing severe valve regurgitation requiring surgery. (1988)

Severe mitral regurgitation requiring surgery is the most common life-threatening complication of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and is due to progressive myxomatous change in the valve. We identified all residents of New South Wales, Australia, who had mitral valve surgery for myxomatous valve disease during 1982 and, using these data and the adult population statistics from 1982, estimated the cumulative risk of valve surgery in patients with MVP. In 1982, 50 of the 5.36 million New South Wales residents required surgery for this complication of MVP. Of the 50, 36 were men and 14 were women, which was significantly different from the population sex distribution (p less than 0.02) for mean age +/- SD of 60 +/- 11 years (range, 26-78 years). Using our previously determined 4% prevalence of adult MVP in New South Wales, we estimated the number of male and female patients with MVP at risk for each 5-year age interval and calculated age-specific event rates. The results show that the cumulative risk is minimal below the age of 50 years but then rises steeply, particularly in men. The risks in men aged 50, 60, and 70 years (with 95% confidence intervals) were 1:202 (130-448), 1:53 (37-82), and 1:28 (22-41), respectively. In women, the risk was less than half that in men (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Use of a design for the optimization of rheological properties of mixtures of lauryl acrylate‐stearyl methacrylate copolymers and a resinic ester (1985)

Abstract The use of modern methods of building optimal experimental matrices is especially suitable for optimization of properties of polymeric compound mixtures. We show how, with a limited number of well defined experiments, we optimized rheological properties of a mixture of a lauryl acrylate‐stearyl methacrylate based copolymer and a resinic ester. The methodology is founded upon the determination of coefficients of a mathematical model postulated a priori, describing the property studied in function of variables of composition. This model is then used for forecasting purposes to determine simultaneously the copolymer composition and the ratio of different ingredients to obtain a mixture possessing the expected rheological properties. These mixtures were studied to elaborate a truly polyvalent cross‐country ski‐wax.
Glutathione S-Transferase and O6-Methylguanine DNA Methyl Transferase Activities in Patients with Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma (2002)

Alkylating agents, which are metabolized by glutathione S-transferase (GST), have an important role in the etiology of cancer by forming mutagenic DNA adducts. Previous studies have shown that DNA repair protein, O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase, repairs these mutagenic DNA adducts and its activity is correlated with the resistance of human tumors to alkylating agent-based anti-cancer drugs. However, little is known about GST and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase activities in patients with thyroid cancer in vivo. We measured the activities of GST and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase in the leukocytes from patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and healthy controls. The GST activity was significantly higher in men than in women, and it was negative correlated with age in men whereas it was unchanged in women in the control group. Both GST and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase activities were significantly increased in the patient group. There were no age and sex-related changes in the O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase activity in both the control and patient groups. These results suggest that leukocyte GST and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase activities were increased with thyroid cancer. This may be related to the resistance to chemotherapy exhibited by patients with thyroid cancer.
Targeted Breast Cancer Nanotherapeutics: Options and Opportunities with Estrogen Receptors (2012)

Breast cancer is a multifarious and heterogeneous disease. Identification of molecular alterations of surface/intracellular proteins particularly involved in proliferation and growth of breast cancer cells provides opportunities for the development of new targets for therapy. Several ligands that are routinely employed in targeted delivery to breast cancer cells have been found to be immunogenic. Therefore, endogenous bioligands may serve as a better option, which may be bio-competent and non-immunogenic, including estrogens. Membrane-associated estrogen binding sites are highly over-expressed in cancers of endocrine origin, such as breast. The selective high density of these receptor portals can be utilized for targeted breast cancer therapy. Numerous estrogen-chemotherapeutic agent conjugates have been successfully utilized for targeted drug/DNA delivery. Recently, nanocarrier(s) anchored with estrogens as site-directing ligands for the delivery of bioactive(s) have been exhaustively investigated for breast cancer therapy. This review presents a detail account of how estrogens, anti-estrogens, and their derivatives can be used for site-specific delivery of bioactive(s) to breast cancer cells. The sequential emergence of various estrogen-anticancer drug conjugates is highlighted. Additionally, carrier systems that utilize estrogens/anti-estrogens as ligands for purpose-specific site-selective novel drug delivery platforms have been reviewed and revisited in terms of their realistic clinical applications in breast cancer treatment.
Network Modelling for Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Fibre Fluff (2000)

A network mechanics model for cellulose fibre fluff is proposed. 2D and 3D versions of the model have been implemented and the influence of various micro-level parameters on the global mechanical performance has been determined by means of computer simulations. Model networks composed of bonded fibres of arbitrary distribution in length, curvature, cross-section, stiffness and strength were investigated. The bonds were modelled as non-linear coupling elements representing stick-slip performance. The bonds were arbitrarily distributed in stiffness and strength. The fibres were arranged in a random structure according to an arbitrary orientation distribution. The network geometry was periodic, enabling a cell under observation to be regarded as one of many identical cells making up a global structure. Periodic boundary and loading conditions were used to obtain relevant results, even in the case of small network cells. The networks were analysed by means of the finite element method, and homogenized mechanical properties such as stress versus strain performance, initial anisotropic 2D and 3D stiffness properties, strength and fracture energy were calculated. Fracture localization and geometric quantities, such as the number of bonds and active part were also studied. Simulations showed that a cell 1.2 times the fibre length is sufficient for calculation of the initial stiffness values. The dependence of initial stiffness on fibre and bond stiffness, network density, fibre curl, fibre orientation and fibre length was studied. Fracture simulations showed that bond ductility is a very important parameter for 2D networks, giving a stronger and more ductile network. The influence on fracture of network density, fibre length and fibre orientation distribution was also examined. A comparison was made between 3D network simulation results and experimental results for cellulose fibre fluff. Reasonable agreement was observed up to peak stress. Analysis of the post-peak stress performance requires that size dependence due to strain localization and heterogeneity in the material, be taken into consideration. The models enable systematic analysis and design of network structures. The 2D version has the advantage of requiring less computer capacity, but in order to be able to draw quantitative conclusions regarding cellulose fibre fluff it is advisable to use the 3D version.