gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smarter cut-and-paste for programming text editors (2002)

The process of creating software involves many different tools, but the text editor is still one of the most important. Moreover, one of its basic facilities, cut-and-paste, still plays a critical role in enabling simple reuse. In this paper we explore how to improve cut-and-paste within text editors used for programming. We describe how programmers use cut-and-paste for reuse, and suggest the basic underlying principles. We then report on a prototype tool we developed to explore a set of techniques to provide better support for cut-and-paste.
Spontaneous transformations of the magnetic structure of a film nanocontact (2002)

The magnetization distributions in a symmetric magnetic film nanocontact for oppositely magnetized ferromagnetic electrodes are analyzed based on numerically solving the Landau-Lifshitz and magnetostatic equations as a function of magnetic and geometrical factors. It is found that a symmetric magnetic configuration is unstable when the head-to-head domain wall dividing the regions with opposite orientations of magnetization is located at the center of the nanocontact. The instability arises when the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant reaches a certain critical value K c below which it spontaneously leaves the center of the nanocontact. The transition from the symmetric state (wall at the center) to an asymmetric one can be continuous (second order) or discrete (first order), depending on the geometrical and physical parameters of the nanocontact (length to width ratio, anisotropy constant, and saturation magnetization). The phase diagram is constructed in terms of the variable’s nanocontact length vs. anisotropy constant. This diagram divides the symmetric and asymmetric magnetic configurations of the system. The occurrence of a tricritical point in the phase diagram is its characteristic feature.
High-fat diet accelerates extreme obesity with hyperphagia in female heterozygous Mecp2-null mice (2019)

Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutation of the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. Although RTT has been associated with obesity, the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, female heterozygous Mecp2-null mice (Mecp2+/- mice), a model of RTT, were fed a normal chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD), and the changes in molecular signaling pathways were investigated. Specifically, we examined the expression of genes related to the hypothalamus and dopamine reward circuitry, which represent a central network of feeding behavior control. In particular, dopamine reward circuitry has been shown to regulate hedonic feeding behavior, and its disruption is associated with HFD-related changes in palatability. The Mecp2+/- mice that were fed the normal chow showed normal body weight and food consumption, whereas those fed the HFD showed extreme obesity with hyperphagia, an increase of body fat mass, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance compared with wild-type mice fed the HFD (WT-HFD mice). The main cause of obesity in Mecp2+/--HFD mice was a remarkable increase in calorie intake, with no difference in oxygen consumption or locomotor activity. Agouti-related peptide mRNA and protein levels were increased, whereas proopiomelanocortin mRNA and protein levels were reduced in Mecp2+/--HFD mice with hyperleptinemia, which play an essential role in appetite and satiety in the hypothalamus. The conditioned place preference test revealed that Mecp2+/- mice preferred the HFD. Tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter mRNA levels in the ventral tegmental area, and dopamine receptor and dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein mRNA levels in the nucleus accumbens were significantly lower in Mecp2+/--HFD mice than those of WT-HFD mice. Thus, HFD feeding induced dysregulation of food intake in the hypothalamus and dopamine reward circuitry, and accelerated the development of extreme obesity associated with addiction-like eating behavior in Mecp2+/- mice.
Ethylene carbonate production by cyclocondensation of ethylene glycol and urea in the presence of metal oxides and metal acetylacetonates (2016)

A promising method for the production of ethylene carbonate is the cyclocondensation of ethylene glycol and urea in the presence of a catalyst. In this study, the catalytic effect of oxides and acetylacetonates of various metals on the occurrence of this reaction has been examined. It has been shown that cobalt acetylacetonate is the most effective catalyst. The effect of reaction conditions (temperature, pressure, contact time, and catalyst concentration) on the main parameters of catalytic conversion has been studied.
Purification and Characterization of Streptomyces Sialidases (1974)

Some strains of Streptomyces produce sialidases. Two sialidases were purified over 1,000-fold from a culture filtrate of two Streptomyces species. They had the same properties in molecular weight, behavior to ions and other reagents, and substrate specificity. They showed very small differences in kinetic properties, pH optima, and heat stability. These Streptomyces sialidases differed markedly from Clostridium perfringens sialidase in molecular weight, p-chloromercuribenzoate sensitivity, and substrate specificity. Approximate molecular weights of the sialidases from Streptomyces and C. perfringens were 32,000 and 57,000, respectively. p-Chloromercuribenzoate (10(-3) M) caused complete inhibition of C. perfringens sialidase but not of Streptomyces sialidases.
An adaptive resource allocation mechanism including fast and reliable handoff in IP-based 3G wireless networks (2000)

The aim of the all-IP architecture in third-generation wireless networks is to allow operators to deploy IP technology in delivering third-generation services, that is, an architecture based on packet technologies and IP telephony for simultaneous real-time and non-real-time services. We present a new handoff management scheme that utilizes simultaneous multiple bindings in IP-based 3G wireless networks. The proposed handoff scheme minimizes packet losses and incurs negligible delays during handoff. We also present an adaptive resource allocation scheme that allocates connection resources to incoming calls depending on the network conditions. The resources accumulated by bandwidth degradation for on-going calls are utilized to minimize dropping probability of handoff calls and blocking probability of new calls.
ABC1:The Gene for Tangier Disease and Beyond (2009)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in America. CHD is multifactorial, and low plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are among the most common biochemical abnormalities observed in CHD patients. The mechanisms controlling plasma HDL-C levels are poorly understood. However, several groups recently reported that mutations at the ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 gene (ABC1) are responsible for a rare disorder known as Tangier disease, which is characterized in the homozygous state by the virtual absence of circulating plasma HDL. This new finding represents a major breakthrough in our knowledge of lipoprotein metabolism and, more specifically, the reverse cholesterol transport. This information could lead to a more precise assessment of the genetic predisposition to CHD as well as to new therapeutic tools to prevent and treat CHD.
Statistical Properties of Genealogical Trees (1999)

We analyze the statistical properties of genealogical trees in a neutral model of a closed population with sexual reproduction and nonoverlapping generations. By reconstructing the genealogy of an individual from the population evolution, we measure the distribution of ancestors appearing more than once in a given tree. After a transient time, the probability of repetition follows, up to a rescaling, a stationary distribution which we calculate both numerically and analytically. This distribution exhibits a universal shape with a nontrivial power law which can be understood by an exact, though simple, renormalization calculation. Some real data on human genealogy illustrate the problem, which is relevant to the study of the real degree of diversity in closed interbreeding communities.
First Conclusions on the Advantages of Full Superconducting Synchronous Machines (1986)

ABSTRACT The development of superconducting (SC) wires with reduced losses under ac magnetic fields allows the design of ac machines with superconducting coils for both field and armature windings. Cryogenerators using SC field winding have been an exciting field of applied research in the last twenty years and the results have been good enough to design and build some industrial size units. High specific power, reduced losses and better comportment during transients were the major advantages of this type of machines. In the case of full SC synchronous machines, a preliminary study shows that these advantages are enhanced (power density is increased by a factor of 3, armature losses are reduced). However the synchronous reactances will be higher than for previous cryogenerators, reducing mechanical stresses and the general design will become simplified, These first conclusions are attractive enough to foresee the construction of a 20 kVA ac generator to prove its feasibility.
Foam-Mixing-And-Dispensing Machine (1996)

Time-and-money-saving machine produces consistent, homogeneously mixed foam, enhancing production efficiency. Automatically mixes and dispenses polyurethane foam in quantities specified by weight. Consists of cart-mounted, air-driven proportioning unit; air-activated mechanical mixing gun; programmable timer/counter, and controller.
The Relative Proportion of Preterm Births Complicated by Premature Rupture of Membranes in Multifetal Gestations: A Population-Based Study (2012)

The proportion of preterm birth attributable to PROM increases by plurality of gestation, with its most significant contribution in higher-order multiples and at earliest gestational ages when outcomes are the poorest.
CD-quality digitally controlled TV stereo sound processor (1991)

A high-performance serial bus controlled TV stereo sound processor is described, which combines all audio control functions and a low-error-probability identification tone decoder in an economical single-chip solution. Due to the excellent distortion of only 0.01% and a signal-to-noise ratio of 97 dB, this IC is particularly suited to handle high-quality digital sources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Diphenylacetylene and the LICKOR Superbase: o,o′‐Dimetalation and Reaction with Electrophiles. A Convenient Synthesis of o,o′‐Disubstituted Diphenylacetylenes. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies of the NiAl/Al2O3 interfacial chemical compatibility (1995)

β-NiAl thin films were prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) either on thin PVD Al2O3 films on Si substrates or on sapphire single crystals. These samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction and electron spectroscopies [Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)]. Crystalline films were obtained after deposition at room temperature. XPS depth profiles and transmission electron microscopy cross sections show that the NiAl–Al2O3 interface is sharp (1 nm) and that NiAl oxidation occurs. Ni remains chemically unaffected by the presence of oxygen while the formation of Al3+ compounds is discussed. Within the film Al and Ni appear in a single chemical environment characterized by binding energies close to those of pure intermetallic compounds. Annealing of these wafers at 600 °C induces surface oxidation and, particularly, the formation of an Al2O3 protective layer.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unprecedented Process of Peroxide Ion Formation and Its Localization in the Crystal Structure of Strontium Peroxy‐Hydroxyapatite Sr10(PO4)6(O2)x (OH)2‐2x. (2012)

Abstract Peroxide ions form in the strontium hydroxyapatite crystal lattice during annealing at 900—1350 °C leading to the title solid solution series (x = 0—0.68).
465 Unmasking the prevalence of cardiac amyloidosis in the real world: first insights from the phase 2 of active study, an Italian nationwide survey (2021)

Abstract Aims Clinicians needs to identify patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA) at an early stage, due to the availability of disease modifying therapies. Some echocardiographic findings may rise the suspicion of CA, also in patients with mild or no symptoms, addressing second level diagnostic tests. To investigate the prevalence of CA in consecutive patients ≥55 years undergoing clinically indicated, routine transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) in Italy with echocardiographic signs suggestive of CA. Methods and results This is a prospective multicentric study conducted in Italy. It comprises two phases: 1) an observational phase consisting in a national survey on prevalence of possible echocardiographic red flags of CA in consecutive patients ≥55 years undergoing routine TTE (previously published) and 2) a CA diagnostic phase. Preliminary results of phase 2 are herein presented. Patients that in the phase 1 presented a CA-suggestive TTE (i.e. at least one red flag of CA in hypertrophic, non-dilated left ventricles) were re-evaluated for a cardiological visit. Those who consented to proceed in the study, underwent clinical evaluation, blood and urine tests and scintigraphy with bone tracer. Diagnosis of transthyretin related-CA (TTR-CA) was made in presence of Grades 2–3 Perugini uptake at scintigraphy and absence of monoclonal protein. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT04738266). Of the 5315 screened echocardiograms, 381 exams (7.2%) were classified as AC-suggestive. Two-hundred-twelve of the 381 patients with a CA-suggestive TTE underwent phase 2 study. Main reasons for the 169 non-entering patients into the phase 2 were death (n = 53) and refusal to participate (n = 85). Sixty-five of these 212 patients (31%; 17% considering also the 169 non-entering patients into the phase 2) had a diagnosis of CA. Finally, TTR-CA was diagnosed in 53 (25%) and AL-CA in 12 (5.7%) patients. Conclusions Among a cohort of consecutive unselected patients ≥55 years with echocardiographic findings suggestive of CA, the real prevalence of CA ranged from 17 up to 31%. Although TTR-CA was predominant, AL-CA was diagnosed in a significant amount of cases. TTE has a fundamental role in screening patients, raising the suspicion of CA and orienting diagnostic work-up for CA.
Clinical rebirth of flavopiridol in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): Utilizing in vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic measurements to improve efficacy and interrogate relevant mechanism(s) of action (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

1672 

Flavopiridol is a broad cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that exhibited promising pre-clinical activity in CLL and other cancers. In vitro , flavopiridol has been noted to promote a rapid decrease in Mcl-1 and XIAP expression in CLL cells. This was presumed to be secondary to inhibition of CDK9 and CDK7 and subsequent global transcription inhibition by preventing RNA Polymerase II (RPII) phosphorylation. Despite potent pre-clinical activity of flavopiridol, previous clinical trials in CLL and other diseases using a one-, 24-, and 72-hour schedule of administration demonstrated either marginal or no activity. Significant plasma protein binding of flavopiridol in human serum relative to fetal bovine serum prompted our group to perform pharmacokinetic modeling, which suggested an optimal dosing schedule of 30-minute IV bolus followed by four-hour continuous infusion. A mature phase I dose escalation study of single agent flavopiridol, utilizing this schedule included 23 relapsed and refractory, genetically high risk CLL patients, demonstrated a 43% response rate and a dose limiting toxicity of acute tumor lysis syndrome. In conjunction with this study, we sought to explore the in vitro modulation of select flavopiridol targets in human serum and the relevance of these to in vivo observations. In vitro, we demonstrated that Mcl-1 protein level dramatically decreased after four hours, while XIAP, Bcl-2, and Bax levels did not change. Diminishment of Mcl-1 mRNA was noted as early as 30 minutes post-treatment with flavopiridol. Of interest, no change in RPII phosphorylation was detected at concentrations where Mcl-1 protein and mRNA were decreased. We next sought to determine if similar modulation of Mcl-1 occurred in vivo following treatment. In two of three responding patients, significant diminishment of Mcl-1 protein, but not XIAP, Bcl-2, Bax, RPII, or RPII phosphorylation, was noted. In five non-responding patients, there was either no change or an increase in Mcl-1 protein. Our preliminary in vitro and in vivo data suggest that flavopiridol is influencing an alternative transcription factor responsible for Mcl-1 expression in CLL, and not global transcription via inhibition of RPII. Additionally, we demonstrate the value of translational in vitro and in vivo studies in CLL for both interrogating the mechanism of action of new therapeutic agents and optimizing the schedule of administration in human phase I studies.
Polymers: Structure and bulk properties (Meares, Patrick) (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTPolymers: Structure and bulk properties (Meares, Patrick)George B. Butler Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 7, 396Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1966Published inissue 1 July 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/ed043p396.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views372Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (921 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Le Polyéthylène Téréphtalate, un emballage pour le vin de qualité ? Partie 2/2 : Évolution au cours du stockage d’un vin rosé conditionné en bouteilles PET avec absorbeur d’oxygène (2016)

A Cinsault rosé wine was packaged in glass bottles and PET with 1 and 3 % oxygen scavenger and stored 12 months. Using PET with 3 % scavenger did not allow the maintenance of CO2 but limited oxygen entry protecting SO2 as for wine in glass bottle. The loss of tannins and anthocyanins was more pronounced for wines packaged in PET 1 %, whereas it was the same for wine in glass or PET 3 %. Likewise, aroma compounds aging markers as dioxanes were found in similar manner in wine stored in PET with 3 % and in the glass while the oxidation of methionol is clearly higher in the PET 1 %. Sensory analysis has confirmed these results with a wine with a lighter color and honey and cooked wine smells more pronounced when packaged in PET with 1 % absorber compared to glass packaging and PET with 3 % oxygen scavenger.
Synthesis of 1‐ and 3‐11C‐labelled L‐lactic acid using multi‐enzyme catalysis (1990)

Abstract The synthesis of 1‐ and 3‐ 11 C‐labelled L ‐lactic acid from the corresponding racemic 1‐ or 3‐ 11 C‐labelled alanine using a multi‐enzymatic reaction route, is presented. DL ‐[1‐ 11 C]Alanine was synthesised by reacting sodium 1‐hydroxy‐ethyl sulfite with hydrogen [ 11 C]cyanide, obtained from [ 11 C]carbon dioxide, and ammonia followed by acid hydrolysis. DL ‐[3‐ 11 C]‐Alanine was synthesised by a methylation of a glycine derivative, N ‐(diphenylmethylene)‐glycine tert ‐butyl ester, with [ 11 C]methyl iodide, obtained from [ 11 C]carbon dioxide, and subsequent hydrolysis. The racemic 1‐ or 3‐ 11 C‐labelled alanine was then converted to pyruvic acid, by D ‐amino acid oxidase/catalase and glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, which was directly reduced to L ‐lactic acid by L ‐lactic dehydrogenase in a one‐pot procedure. The total synthesis time was 40 minutes, counted from release of [ 11 C]carbon dioxide. The decay corrected radiochemical yields were ca. 80% for L ‐[1‐ 11 C]lactic acid, based on hydrogen cyanide, and ca. 60% for L ‐[3‐ 11 C]lactic acid, based on carbon dioxide. The radiochemical purities were higher than 99% analysed by HPLC.
Ausblick (2002)

Die Bedeutung des Qualitätsmanagements ist heute unumstritten. Seit 50 Jahren hat sich die DGQ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Qualität) bemüht, dieses Gedankengut durch Lehrgänge, Seminare und Schrifttum in die Öffentlichkeit zu tragen. Die DGQ ist eine “Non Profit Organisation” im Verband der EOQ (European Organization for Quality) und der EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management). Sie hat für die Umsetzung der Managementsysteme Standards gesetzt und sich mit Qualitäts-, Umwelt-, Energie- und Arbeitsschutzmanagement befaßt. Managementsysteme werden heute auch in nicht technischen Bereichen wie im Gesundheitswesen, bei sozialen Dienstleistungen, bei Behörden und kommunalen Einrichtungen eingesetzt. Dort wird auch künftig ein Handlungsbedarf gesehen, um die Fokussierung auf die Kundenwünsche zu verbessern /17.6/. Die DGQ setzt für die Zukunft einen Schwerpunkt auf das EFQM-Programm “Levels of Excellence”, das aus drei Stufen besteht und das jetzt in Deutschland eingeführt wird. Die höchste Stufe I ist der “European Quality Award”, der europäische Qualitätspreis. Durch diese Aktivitäten sollen Leistungsfähigkeit und Erfolg deutscher Unternehmen im internationalen Wettbewerb gesteigert werden.
Effect of vasodilators on hepatic microcirculation in cirrhosis: A study in the isolated perfused rat liver (1989)

We studied the effects of a series of vasodilators on intrahepatic vascular resistance of isolated perfused cirrhotic rat livers in basal conditions and during norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction. Cirrhosis was induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of carbon tetrachloride. The vasodilators were a nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist (propranolol), an alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist (prazosin), a nonselective beta-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol), an alpha 2-agonist (clonidine), nitrovasodilators (nitroglycerin and nitroprusside), calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine), papaverine, diazoxide and pentoxifylline. In basal conditions, isoproterenol, nitroglycerin, papaverine, pentoxifylline and nitroprusside demonstrated significant vasodilatory activity. However, the response was weak and isoproterenol was the only drug active in the therapeutic range of concentrations. Propranolol, prazosin, verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine and diazoxide were ineffective. Prazosin, papaverine and pentoxifylline reduced norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction, whereas isoproterenol, clonidine and propranolol were ineffective. We conclude that several vasodilators can reduce resistance in the cirrhotic rat liver, but their potency is low and few are effective at therapeutic concentrations. Furthermore, their activity may be blunted when resistance is increased by norepinephrine.