gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase II study of PX-866 in recurrent glioblastoma (2015)

PX-866 was relatively well tolerated. Overall response rate was low, and the study did not meet its primary endpoint; however, 21% of participants obtained durable stable disease. This study also failed to identify a statistically significant association between clinical outcome and relevant biomarkers in patients with available tissue.
Control of crystal orientation in soft nanostructures by nanoimprint lithography (2009)

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a low-cost and high resolution technique consisting of replicating the nanofeatures of a hard mold by pressing it into a film of a soft material, in order to create nanostructures of virtually any shape. When NIL is applied to materials capable to self-organize, it may also control their crystallographic orientation and morphology provided imprinting conditions are appropriately selected. The principles governing this ordering involve a decreased nucleation probability in the nanostructures, graphoepitaxial alignment, rheological chain alignment, nanoconfinement in the cavities of the mold, and the effect of pressure on the microstructure of soft materials. The ordering can be rationalized based on the knowledge of the structure of the material and more specifically on the notion of basic structural element of the material. The control over the internal structure of nanomolded materials afforded by NIL translates into improved performance of soft functional nanodevices, as is demonstrated in this highlight.
Hepatic small extracellular vesicles promote microvascular endothelial hyperpermeability during NAFLD via novel-miRNA-7 (2021)

Hepatic sEVs contribute to endothelial hyperpermeability in coronary microvessels by delivering novel-miR-7 and targeting the LAMP1/Cathepsin B/NLRP3 inflammasome axis during NAFLD. Our study brings new insights into the liver-to-microvessel cross-talk and may provide a new diagnostic biomarker and treatment target for microvascular complications of NAFLD.
Synthesis and properties of polyesterimides and their isomers (1981)

Abstract A new type of polyesterimide has been synthesized by polycondensation of a dicarboxylic acid containing an internal imide group with ethylene glycol. The dicarboxylic acid was synthesized by reacting aminobenzoic acid with trimellitic acid anhydride in N, N ‐dimethylformamide solution. Three isomeric (ortho, meta, and para) polyesterimides were prepared from the respective isomer of the dicarboxylic acid. The solubility characteristics, solubility parameters, solution viscosity behavior, density, crystallinity, and thermal properties of these three isomeric polyesterimides were discussed. Some generalizations about structure–property relationship in polyesterimides were also made. It was found that while the ortho and meta isomers of the polyesterimide are amorphous, the para isomer tends to be somewhat crystalline and consequently less soluble, even in polar solvents. The thermal behavior of the meta isomer resembles closely that of the para isomer. The thermal stability of these isomers follows the order para ≥ meta &gt; ortho.
Assessment of Tropism and Effectiveness of New Primate-Derived Hybrid Recombinant AAV Serotypes in the Mouse and Primate Retina (2013)

Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) have been shown to be safe in the treatment of retinal degenerations in clinical trials. Thus, improving the efficiency of viral gene delivery has become increasingly important to increase the success of clinical trials. In this study, structural domains of different rAAV serotypes isolated from primate brain were combined to create novel hybrid recombinant AAV serotypes, rAAV2/rec2 and rAAV2/rec3. The efficacy of these novel serotypes were assessed in wild type mice and in two models of retinal degeneration (the Abca4(-/-) mouse which is a model for Stargardt disease and in the Pde6b(rd1/rd1) mouse) in vivo, in primate tissue ex-vivo, and in the human-derived SH-SY5Y cell line, using an identical AAV2 expression cassette. We show that these novel hybrid serotypes can transduce retinal tissue in mice and primates efficiently, although no more than AAV2/2 and rAAV2/5 serotypes. Transduction efficiency appeared lower in the Abca4(-/-) mouse compared to wild type with all vectors tested, suggesting an effect of specific retinal diseases on the efficiency of gene delivery. Shuffling of AAV capsid domains may have clinical applications for patients who develop T-cell immune responses following AAV gene therapy, as specific peptide antigen sequences could be substituted using this technique prior to vector re-treatments.
Cross-Linking Amine-Rich Compounds into High Performing Selective CO2 Absorbents (2014)

Amine-based absorbents play a central role in CO2 sequestration and utilization. Amines react selectively with CO2, but a drawback is the unproductive weight of solvent or support in the absorbent. Efforts have focused on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) reaching extremely high CO2 capacity, but limited selectivity to N2 and CH4, and decreased uptake at higher temperatures. A desirable system would have selectivity (cf. amine) and high capacity (cf. MOF), but also increased adsorption at higher temperatures. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept where polyethyleneimine (PEI) is converted to a high capacity and highly selective CO2 absorbent using buckminsterfullerene (C(60)) as a cross-linker. PEI-C(60) (CO2 absorption of 0.14 g/g at 0.1 bar/90 °C) is compared to one of the best MOFs, Mg-MOF-74 (0.06 g/g at 0.1 bar/90 °C), and does not absorb any measurable amount of CH4 at 50 bar. Thus, PEI-C(60) can perform better than MOFs in the sweetening of natural gas.
Certification of Reference Materials of Maize Seed Powder containing Genetically Modified MON 810 Maize: Certified Reference Materials ERM®-BF413k (ERM®-BF413ak, ERM®-BF413ck, ERM®-BF413ek, ERM®-BF413gk) (2009)

The report describes the processing and certification of four maize seed powder Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) containing different mass fractions of genetically modified (GM) MON 810 maize (ERM-BF413ak, ck, ek, gk). The materials were processed and certified in 2007/2008 by the European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements IRMM, Geel, Belgium), according to the principles of ISO Guide 34. The four CRMs belonging to the ERM-BF413k series replace the earlier produced series ERM-BF413 which is exhausted. The four CRMs have been accepted as European Reference Material (ERM®) after peer evaluation by the partners of the European Reference Materials consortium.
Characterization and analysis of the molecular weight of lignin for biorefining studies (2014)

Abstract The molecular weight of lignin is a fundamental property that influences the recalcitrance of biomass and the valorization of lignin. The determination of the molecular weight of lignin in native biomass is dependent on the bioresources used and the isolation and purification procedures employed. The three most commonly employed isolation methods are milled wood lignin ( MWL ), cellulolytic enzyme lignin ( CEL ), and enzymatic mild acidolysis lignin ( EMAL ). Common characterization techniques for determining the molecular weight of lignin will be addressed, with an emphasis on gel permeation chromatography ( GPC ). This review also examines the mechanisms behind several biological, physical, and chemical pre‐treatments and their impact on the molecular weight of lignin. The number average molecular weight (M n ), weight average molecular weight (M w ) and polydispersity index (D) all vary in magnitude depending on the biomass source, pre‐treatment conditions, and isolation method. Additionally, there is a growing body of literature that supports changes in the molecular weight of lignin in response to genetic modifications in the lignin biosynthetic pathways. This review summarizes different procedures for obtaining the molecular weight of lignin that have been used in recent years and highlight future opportunities for applications of lignin. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd
Pathway of rubella virus infectious entry into Vero cells (1996)

The mechanism and the kinetics of rubella virus (RV) penetration into Vero cells were studied. By using pronase or acid treatment to inactivate virus which had adsorbed to cell membrane but had not been internalized, it was found that a period of 7 h was required in order for all of the adsorbed virus to enter the host cells. Lysosomotropic agents (monensin, methylamine, ammonium chloride and chloroquine) were used to study the mechanism by which RV penetrates host cells. Virus replication was inhibited if treatment of cells with these compounds was performed for at least 9 h after infection. However, if extracellular adsorbed virions were eliminated by acid treatment following removal of the lysosomotropic compounds, RV replication was completely inhibited by treatment with these drugs for any time period after adsorption. This indicated that the prolonged period of treatment with these compounds necessary to inhibit virus replication is due to the slow rate of RV internalization. None of the compounds had any effect on infection initiated by transfection of RV RNA, confirming that these drugs were exerting their inhibitory activity at penetration. The inhibition of RV replication by lysosomotropic compounds indicates that RV penetrates host cells by the endosomal pathway.
Network equilibrium of heterogeneous congestion control protocols (2005)

When heterogeneous congestion control protocols that react to different pricing signals share the same network, the resulting equilibrium may no longer be interpreted as a solution to the standard utility maximization problem. We prove the existence of equilibrium under mild assumptions. Then we show that multi-protocol networks whose equilibria are locally non-unique or infinite in number can only form a set of measure zero. Multiple locally unique equilibria can arise in two ways. First, unlike in the single-protocol case, the set of bottleneck links can be non-unique with heterogeneous protocols even when the routing matrix has full row rank. The equilibria associated with different sets of bottleneck links are necessarily distinct. Second, even when there is a unique set of bottleneck links, network equilibrium can still be non-unique, but is always finite and odd in number. They cannot all be locally stable unless it is globally unique. Finally, we provide various sufficient conditions for global uniqueness. Numerical examples are used throughout the paper to illustrate these results.
Nitrogen Oxides Analyzer in ppt Level for Ambient Measurement by Laser Induced Fluorescence (2006)

We developed the instrument to measure ambient NOx concentrations in ppt level by laser induced fluorescence technique. Diode laser pumped solid state (DPSS) laser was used as the excitation source for NO2 molecules its self and dye laser for NO3 detection. We employed FAGE (fluorescence assay of gas expansion) technique to detect both NO2 and NO3 radicals. We achieved the ultra high sensitive NO2 analyzer whoes LOD (limit of detection) was 1.8 ppt. We brought the instrument to the Rishiri island Hokkaido and tested the utility and found the high potential for the practical use. We also developed NO3 sensor as an extension of NO2 analyzer. We employed tunable dye laser as the excitation source for NO3 molecule at 623 nm band. Successfully we applied NO3 analyzer to detect N205 at the campus of Tokyo Metropolitan University in March 2004 because N205 was easily thermally decomposed into NO3 and NO2.
An Internal/Insider Threat Score for Data Loss Prevention and Detection (2017)

During the recent years there has been an increased focus on preventing and detecting insider attacks and data thefts. A promising approach has been the construction of data loss prevention systems (DLP) that scan outgoing traffic for sensitive data. However, these automated systems are plagued with a high false positive rate. In this paper we introduce the concept of a meta-score that uses the aggregated output from DLP systems to detect and flag behavior indicative of data leakage. The proposed internal/insider threat score is built on the idea of detecting discrepancies between the userassigned sensitivity level and the sensitivity level inferred by the DLP system, and captures the likelihood that a given entity is leaking data. The practical usefulness of the proposed score is demonstrated on the task of identifying likely internal threats.
A simplified protocol for the semi-large scale recovery of plasmids from &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; grown on agar plates (2012)

Semi-large scale liquid cultivation of transformed Escherichia coli (E. coli) in medium (100-200 ml) has been widely used for the acquisition of relatively large amounts of plasmid DNA (50-300 μg). However, this method requires an expensive high-speed centrifugation apparatus to precipitate E. coli before lysis, which is both laborious and time-consuming. Here, we demonstrate a method for agar plate-based cultivation of bacteria that does not employ a high-speed centrifugation apparatus. This procedure proves to be simple and reproducible, yielding an average of 82 μg of plasmid DNA per experiment. It may therefore be valuable for cloning/transfection experiments under limited financial backgrounds.
Lewis Histo‐Blood Group System and Associated Secretory Phenotypes (1995)

This review summarises present knowledge of the chemistry, immunology, genetics and clinical significance of antibodies in the Lewis and secretor histo-blood group systems. Although red cell serology has laid the foundations for these systems, more recent advances have been made by studying Lewis and related glycoconjugates with monoclonal antibodies, determining structures by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, identifying enzymes and their specificities, and identifying the genes by molecular biology. The expression of Lewis system antigens is dependent on Lewis and secretor loci. Fucosyltransferases coded by genes at these loci compete and interact with each other and with other transferases to determine an individual's Lewis and secretor phenotype. Exocrine epithelial cells, mostly of endodermal origin, synthesise the Lewis antigens which, as plasma glycolipids, are secondarily acquired by cells of the peripheral circulation. Phenotyping red cells is often regarded as a simple way of determining the Lewis and sometimes the secretor status of an individual; however, the red cell phenotype is influenced by many factors and may not necessarily reflect someone's Lewis and secretor genotypes. Two main red cell Lewis groups are usually found, Lewis negative and Lewis positive. In Lewis-negative individuals, the secretor genotype does not affect the Lewis phenotype, but in Lewis-positive individuals, the non-secretor genotype generates the Le(a+b-) phenotype, the secretor genotype causes the Le(a-b+) phenotype, and the partial secretor genotype gives rise to the Le(a+b+) phenotype.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomerization of Di‐ and Multifunctional Allyl Compounds Catalyzed by Ruthenium and Rhodium Complexes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Experimental considerations in variable-temperature solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance with cross polarization and magic-angle spinning (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperimental considerations in variable-temperature solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance with cross polarization and magic-angle spinningJames F. Haw, Gordon C. Campbell, and Richard C. CrosbyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 14, 3172–3177Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00127a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00127a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
JPEG2000-Based Data Hiding and its Application to 3D Visualization (2009)

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Constitutive Androstane Receptor Differentially Regulates Bile Acid Homeostasis in Mouse Models of Intrahepatic Cholestasis (2018)

Bile acid (BA) homeostasis is tightly regulated by multiple transcription factors, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and small heterodimer partner (SHP). We previously reported that loss of the FXR/SHP axis causes severe intrahepatic cholestasis, similar to human progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 5 (PFIC5). In this study, we found that constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is endogenously activated in <i>Fxr:Shp</i> double knockout (DKO) mice. To test the hypothesis that CAR activation protects DKO mice from further liver damage, we generated <i>Fxr</i>;<i>Shp</i>;<i>Car</i> triple knockout (TKO) mice. In TKO mice, residual adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette, subfamily B member 11 (ABCB11; alias bile salt export pump [BSEP]) function and fecal BA excretion are completely impaired, resulting in severe hepatic and biliary damage due to excess BA overload. In addition, we discovered that pharmacologic CAR activation has different effects on intrahepatic cholestasis of different etiologies. In DKO mice, CAR agonist 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP; here on TC) treatment attenuated cholestatic liver injury, as expected. However, in the PFIC2 model <i>Bsep</i> knockout (BKO) mice, TC treatment exhibited opposite effects that reflect increased BA accumulation and liver injury. These contrasting results may be linked to differential regulation of systemic cholesterol homeostasis in DKO and BKO livers. TC treatment selectively up-regulated hepatic cholesterol levels in BKO mice, supporting <i>de novo</i> BA synthesis. <i>Conclusion:</i> CAR activation in DKO mice is generally protective against cholestatic liver injury in these mice, which model PFIC5, but not in the PFIC2 model BKO mice. Our results emphasize the importance of the genetic and physiologic background when implementing targeted therapies to treat intrahepatic cholestasis.
The collisional de-excitation of Hg(6 3P) by HgBr(X 2Σ), Br(4 2P), and Br2(X 1Σ): Evidence for ion-pair formation in the entrance channel (1982)

Measurements are reported wherein Hg(6 3P0) is de-excited by collisions with HgBr(X 2Σ), Br(4 2P), and Br2(X 1Σ). In the cases of HgBr(X 2Σ) and Br(4 2P), quenching rate coefficients are larger than hard-sphere collision rate coefficients, and are consistent with ion-pair formation via the harpoon mechanism. Because of the radical–radical nature of the interaction, long-range attractive forces can draw the nuclei toward the region of coupling with the ion-pair surface, thereby catalyzing ion-pair formation. The ion-pair thus produced correlates with HgBr(B 2Σ), and provides a direct pathway for channeling metastable Hg(6 3P0) excitation into HgBr(B 2Σ), the upper state of the HgBr(B→X) laser. Quenching of Hg(6 3P0) by Br2(X 1Σ) is an order of magnitude less efficient than the above processes, and reasons for this are discussed.
Association of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Reactive Oxygen Species: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Posttrauma Acute Lung Injury (2010)

Acute lung injury (ALI) frequently occurs in traumatic patients and serves as an important component of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Hemorrhagic shock (HS) that results from major trauma promotes the development of SIRS and ALI by priming the innate immune system for an exaggerated inflammatory response. Recent studies have reported that the mechanism underlying the priming of pulmonary inflammation involves the complicated cross-talk between Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interactions between neutrophils (PMNs) and alveolar macrophages (AMvarphi) as well as endothelial cells (ECs), in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the key mediator. This paper summarizes some novel mechanisms underlying HS-primed lung inflammation focusing on the role of TLRs and ROS, and therefore suggests a new therapeutic target for posttrauma ALI.
Gas Turbine Field Performance Determination: Sources of Uncertainties (2000)

This paper presents an analysis of the uncertainties in the determination of gas turbine health, which arise by using a method of gas path analysis. This method uses field measurements to estimate, through a mathematical model of the gas turbine thermodynamic cycle, the characteristic geometric and performance parameters, which are indices of gas turbine health. The investigated sources of uncertainties are the influence of measurement accuracy and the a priori selection of the characteristic parameters that have to be considered constant during the calculation. This fact implies that variations occurring on these parameters in the actual gas turbine cause an estimation error on the characteristic parameters used as problem variables. The analysis leads to the selection of the appropriate measurements to be used in the gas turbine health determination and to the identification of both the most critical measurements and parameters.
Addressing law's need for change. (2015)

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses various reports within the issue on topics including cultural change at Great Britain's Royal Mail Group Ltd. postal service firm, the company's in-house legal team, and writer Richard Susskind's views about the future of law.
Brain‐Inspired Machine Intelligence for Image Analysis: Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

The brain is the most powerful organ of the human anatomy, with visual sensory inputs being the strongest sense. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), on the other hand, are the most powerful algorithms available for image analysis today. This has resulted in many experts claiming that CNNs are similar to the brain. But there are claims to the contrary as well. Despite the differences in opinions on CNNs, similarity with the brain, one thing that stands out is that CNNs are outperforming the conventional machine learning algorithms (and sometimes human intelligence as well) for image analysis with astounding regularity. Hence, this chapter provides a fundamental explanation for the working of CNNs and simultaneously draws comparisons concerning their similarities and dissimilarities with the human brain.