gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The structural phases and vibrational properties of Mo 1−x W x Te 2 alloys (2017)

The structural polymorphism in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provides exciting opportunities for developing advanced electronics. For example, MoTe<sub>2</sub> crystallizes in the 2H semiconducting phase at ambient temperature and pressure, but transitions into the 1T' semimetallic phase at high temperatures. Alloying MoTe<sub>2</sub> with WTe<sub>2</sub> reduces the energy barrier between these two phases, while also allowing access to the T <sub><i>d</i></sub> Weyl semimetal phase. The Mo<sub>1-x</sub> W<sub>x</sub>Te<sub>2</sub> alloy system is therefore promising for developing phase change memory technology. However, achieving this goal necessitates a detailed understanding of the phase composition in the MoTe<sub>2</sub>-WTe<sub>2</sub> system. We combine polarization-resolved Raman spectroscopy with x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to study bulk Mo<sub>1-x</sub>W<sub>x</sub>Te<sub>2</sub> alloys over the full compositional range <i>x</i> from 0 to 1. We identify Raman and XRD signatures characteristic of the 2H, 1T', and T <sub><i>d</i></sub> structural phases that agree with density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, and use them to identify phase fields in the MoTe<sub>2</sub>-WTe<sub>2</sub> system, including single-phase 2H, 1T', and T <sub><i>d</i></sub> regions, as well as a two-phase 1T' + T <sub><i>d</i></sub> region. Disorder arising from compositional fluctuations in Mo<sub>1-x</sub>W<sub>x</sub>Te<sub>2</sub> alloys breaks inversion and translational symmetry, leading to the activation of an infrared 1T'-MoTe<sub>2</sub> mode and the enhancement of a double-resonance Raman process in 2H-Mo<sub>1-x</sub> W<sub>x</sub>Te<sub>2</sub> alloys. Compositional fluctuations limit the phonon correlation length, which we estimate by fitting the observed asymmetric Raman lineshapes with a phonon confinement model. These observations reveal the important role of disorder in Mo<sub>1-x</sub>W<sub>x</sub>Te<sub>2</sub> alloys, clarify the structural phase boundaries, and provide a foundation for future explorations of phase transitions and electronic phenomena in this system.
A unified approach to the design of optimum FIR linear-phase digital filters (1973)

A method for designing finite-duration impulse-response (FIR) linear-phase digital filters is presented in which the four possible cases for such filters are treated in a unified approach. It is shown how to reduce each case to the proper form so that the Remez exchange algorithm can be used to compute the best approximation to the desired frequency response. The result is that a very flexible and fast technique is available for FIR linear-phase filter design.
Enhancing Creativity as Innovation via Asynchronous Crowdwork (2022)

Synchronous, face-to-face interactions such as brainstorming are considered essential for creative tasks (the old normal). However, face-to-face interactions are difficult to arrange because of the diverse locations and conflicting availability of people—a challenge made more prominent by work-from-home practices during the COVID-19 pandemic (the new normal). In addition, face-to-face interactions are susceptible to cognitive interference.
A description of the mechanical behavior of composite solid propellants based on molecular theory (1976)

Both the investigation and the representation of the stress-strain response (including rupture) of gum and filled elastomers can be based on a simple functional statement. Internally consistent experiments are used to sort out the effects of time, temperature, strain and crosslink density on gum rubbers. All effects are readily correlated and shown to be essentially independent of the elastomer when considered in terms of non-dimensionalized stress, strain and time. A semiquantitative molecular theory is developed to explain this result. The introduction of fillers modifies the response, but, guided by the framework thus provided, their effects can be readily accounted for.
Why Sonochemistry in a Thin Layer? Constructive Interference (2023)

Sonochemistry in a thin fluid layer has advantages of no visible cavitation, no turbulence, negligible temperature changes (≲1 °C), low power transducers, and transmissibility (sound pressure amplification) of ≳10<sup>6</sup>. Unlike sonochemistry in semi-infinite fluids, resonance and so constructive interference of sound pressure can be established in thin layers. Constructive interference enables substantial amplification of sound pressure at solid fluid interfaces. Fluid properties of sound velocity and attenuation, oscillator input frequency, and thin fluid layer thickness couple to established resonance in underdamped conditions. In thin layer sonochemistry (TLS), thin layers are established where ultrasonic wavelength and oscillator-interface separation are comparable, about a centimeter in water. Solution of a one dimensional wave equation identifies explicit relationships between the system parameters required to establish resonance and constructive interference in a thin layer.
Emotional attributes in autonomic computing systems (2004)

In biological systems,autonomic behaviours are described through a language of emotions to communicate physical and psychological needs, and the motivations behind behaviour. For example the emotions of hunger and tiredness describe the current state of an organism and the motivation to manage resources for self-healing, the emotions of fear and disgust describe the motivation to allocate resources for self-protection. The parallels drawn from the emotional motivations for autonomic behaviour in biological systems and their application to the design of Autonomic Computing Systems are explored through EAMON (Emotional Attribute MONitor), an application which manages system components through the emotional attributes of Preference, Greed and Desire. This paper describes the principles behind EAMON and how an implementation can be used to demonstrate autonomic behaviour.
A comparative analysis of cross-platform development approaches for mobile applications (2013)

Nowadays, native mobile applications (mobile apps) are targeted at specific mobile platforms. This phenomenon imposes severe constraints, such as the use of different development environments, technologies, and APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) for each mobile platform, leading inevitably to a waste of development time and effort, and an increased maintenance cost.
Application of Raman spectroscopy to high-temperature analytical measurements (1997)

There are numerous analytical applications of scatter-emission and/or absorption spectroscopy applied to liquids and solids at 0 to 350 C. This paper describes an all-silica fiberoptic probe which is useful for spectral analyses from 0 to 1600 K and can be used in harsh chemical environments. The probe has been used for Raman spectral analyses of many molten salt and solid material systems to 1000 C. It has applications for such studies at higher temperature ranges. The instrumentation required along with the demonstrated and proposed applications of the all-silica probe are presented and discussed.
"Molecular hysteresis" in an electrochemical system revisited (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT"Molecular hysteresis" in an electrochemical system revisitedMitsuru Sano and Henry TaubeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 4, 705–709Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00082a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00082a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spectrochemical Analysis Using Infrared Multichannel Detectors (2005)

Contributors. Preface. 1. FOURIER TRANSFORM MID-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING: MICROSPECTROSCOPY WITH MULTICHANNEL DETECTORS. Rohit Bhargava and Ira W. Levin, Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 2 NEAR INFRARED SPECTRAL IMAGING WITH FOCAL PLANE ARRAY DETECTORS. E Neil Lewis, Linda H Kidder, Eunah Lee and Kenneth S Haber, Spectral Dimensions Inc, Olney, Maryland, USA. 3. MULTICHANNEL DETECTION WITH A SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE: DESIGN AND POTENTIAL. G L Carr, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA and. O Chubar and P Dumas, LURE and Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France. 4. MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGE DATA. Scott W Huffman, Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA and Chris W Brown, Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, USA. 5. FTIR IMAGING OF MULTICOMPONENT POLYMERS. Jack L Koenig, Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. 6. COMBINATORIAL APPROACHES TO CATALYST DEVELOPMENT WITH MULTICHANNEL DETECTORS. C M Snively, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA and J Lauterbach, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA. 7. MATERIALS ANALYSIS SYSTEMS BASED ON REAL-TIME NEAR-IR SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING. Martin Kraft, Raimund Leitner and Herwig Mairer, Carinthian Tech Research AG, St. Magdalen, Austria. 8. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF NEAR-IR IMAGING. Anthony E Dowrey, Gloria M Story and Curtis Marcott, Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. 9. IR SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING: FROM CELLS TO TISSUE. Max Diem, Melissa Romeo, Susie Boydston-White and Christian Matthaus, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City University of New York, USA,. 10. FPA IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY FOR MONITORING CHEMICAL CHANGES IN TISSUE. Bayden R Wood and Don McNaughton, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. . 11. INFRARED MICROSCOPY AND IMAGING OF HARD AND SOFT TISSUES: APPLICATION TO BONE, SKIN AND CARTILAGE. Richard Mendelsohn, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA and Adele L Boskey and Nancy Pleshko Camacho, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA. 12. MID INFRARED IMAGING APPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCES. Douglas L Elmore, Carrie A Lendon and Sean A Smith, Cargill Incorporated, Cordova, Tennessee, USA and Chad L Leverette, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of South Carolina, Aiken, South Carolina, USA. 13. APPLICATION OF NEAR-INFRARED IMAGING FOR MONITORING AGRICULTURAL FOOD AND FEED PRODUCTS. Vincent Baeten and Pierre Dardenne, Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium. References. Index
Histamine H3 receptors--general characterization and their function in the cardiovascular system. (1998)

The histamine H3 receptor was initially identified as a presynaptic autoreceptor controlling histamine release and synthesis in the brain. It belongs to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. The existence of the H3 receptor which has not yet been cloned was definitely established by the design of highly potent and selective agonists (R-(-)-alpha-methylhistamine, imetit) and antagonists (thioperamide, clobenpropit). These receptors also occur as heteroreceptors both in the central nervous system and on peripheral neurons of the gastrointestinal and bronchial tract, where they regulate the release of a variety of neurotransmitters. In the cardiovascular system, histamine H3 receptors are mainly located presynaptically on the postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the blood vessels and the heart. Their activation leads to the inhibition of noradrenaline release and consequently to the reduction of the neurogenic vasopressor and cardiostimulatory responses. The presence of such receptors has been shown both in vitro (human, pig, guinea-pig, rabbit, rat isolated tissues) and in vivo (rat, guinea-pig). The vascular and cardiac presynaptic H3 receptors may be activated by endogenous histamine. The vascular H3 receptors appear to be operative in hypertension and interact with presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Postsynaptic vasodilatatory H3 receptors have been detected in several vascular beds as well. H3 receptor ligands affect basal cardiovascular parameters in conscious and anesthetized guinea-pigs but not rats. Presynaptic H3 receptors may play a role in the pathophysiology of headache and cardiac ischemia.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF X CHROMOSOME EFFECTS ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATE AND 6-PHOSPHOGLUCONATE DEHYDROGENASES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (1986)

By combining 20 X chromosomes with five autosomal backgrounds, the relative importance of these factors with respect to the activity variations of G6PD and 6PGD in Drosophila melanogaster were investigated. Analysis of variance revealed that there exist significant X chromosome, autosomal background and genetic interaction effects. The effect of the X chromosome was due mainly to the two allozymic forms of each enzyme, but some within-allozyme effects were also detected. From the estimated variance components, it was concluded that the variation attributed to the autosomal background is much larger than the variation attributed to the X chromosome, even when the effect of the allozymes is included. The segregation of the allozymes seems to account for about 10% of the total activity variation of each enzyme. The variation due to the interaction between the X chromosome and the autosomal background is much smaller than variations attributed either to the X chromosome or to the autosomal background. The interaction effect is indicated by the change of the ranking of the X chromosomes for different autosomal backgrounds. Highly significant and positive correlation between G6PD and 6PGD activities was detected. Again, the contribution of the autosomal background to the correlation was much larger than that attributed to the X chromosome.
Coded focal stack photography (2013)

We present coded focal stack photography as a computational photography paradigm that combines a focal sweep and a coded sensor readout with novel computational algorithms. We demonstrate various applications of coded focal stacks, including photography with programmable non-planar focal surfaces and multiplexed focal stack acquisition. By leveraging sparse coding techniques, coded focal stacks can also be used to recover a full-resolution depth and all-in-focus (AIF) image from a single photograph. Coded focal stack photography is a significant step towards a computational camera architecture that facilitates high-resolution post-capture refocusing, flexible depth of field, and 3D imaging.
Study of secondary scintillation in xenon vapour (2005)

The use of secondary scintillation in xenon vapor to amplify the signals due to a few electrons produced in the liquid is foreseen in two phase liquid xenon detectors for the direct WIMP search. In the present work, the secondary scintillation in xenon vapor and its dependence on the electrical field were studied in a uniform field geometry with an /sup 241/Am alpha-source. The calibration in number of photons was done using the primary scintillation in room temperature gas as a reference.
Genetic Discrimination Lawsuit Raises Broader Concerns About Testing, Privacy (2016)

(Abstracted from Am J Med Genet A 2016;170(5):1111–1112) This article discusses the legal battle of a middle school student, Colman Chadam, against a California public school district that he felt had discriminated against him based on the results of genetic screening tests for cystic fibrosis (CF) that he underwent as a newborn. Colman's parents claimed that in 2012, the Palo Alto Unified School District violated 2 federal laws enacted to protect people with disabilities—the Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and the First Amendment right to privacy—when his teacher divulged that Colman carried genetic markers for CF, information that was received by the school at the time of his enrollment.
Emergence of a noncollinear magnetic state in twisted bilayer CrI3 (2021)

The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic crystals and moiré engineering has opened the door for devising new magnetic ground states via competing interactions in moiré superlattices. Although a suite of interesting phenomena, including multi-flavor magnetic states, noncollinear magnetic states, moiré magnon bands and magnon networks, has been predicted, nontrivial magnetic ground states in twisted bilayer magnetic crystals have yet to be realized. Here, by utilizing the stacking-dependent interlayer exchange interactions in CrI3, we demonstrate in small-twist-angle bilayer CrI3 a noncollinear magnetic ground state. It consists of both antiferromagnetic (AF) and ferromagnetic (FM) domains and is a result of the competing interlayer AF coupling in the monoclinic stacking regions of the moiré superlattice and the energy cost for forming AF-FM domain walls. Above the critical twist angle of ~ 3°, the noncollinear state transitions abruptly to a collinear FM ground state. We further show that the noncollinear magnetic state can be controlled by gating through the doping-dependent interlayer AF interaction. Our results demonstrate the possibility of engineering moiré magnetism in twisted bilayer magnetic crystals, as well as gate-voltage-controllable high-density magnetic memory storage.
Is the extirpative surgery for primary tumor helpful for the patients with metastatic urothelial cancer at the time of diagnosis? (2019)

The stagnant mortality rates for metastatic urothelial cancer (UC) have provoked efforts to find novel treatments. To test the utility of the extirpative surgery for primary tumor as an option for these patients, we investigated the perioperative and oncologic outcomes of surgery for primary tumors in metastatic UC patients.We reviewed the medical records of 130 metastatic UC patients (bladder: 88, upper tract UC: 42) at diagnosis from November 2005 to November 2016. A total of 56 patients (surgery group) underwent chemotherapy with extirpative surgery for the primary tumor, and 74 patients (non-surgery group) received chemotherapy. We evaluated perioperative outcomes, cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier methods and factors related to OS and CSS using Cox regression models.Surgery group showed similar perioperative outcome and postoperative complications to those previously reported in UC patients without metastasis, and fewer urinary complications than non-surgery group. Surgery group showed better oncological outcomes than non-surgery group for median CSS (16.0 vs 10.0 months, P = 0.014) and median OS (14.0 vs 9.0 months, P = 0.043). Multivariate analysis showed Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and metastasis to liver as significant predictors of CSS and OS. Surgery was not related with OS, but a significant predictor of CSS.Extirpative surgery for primary tumor in metastatic UC can be feasible and it might have survival benefits, especially those patients with a tolerable general condition and no liver metastasis. In addition, LT reduces the possibility of a surgical procedure towing to urinary complications.
Compact toroid injection fueling in a large field-reversed configuration (2017)

A repetitively driven compact toroid (CT) injector has been developed for the large field-reversed configuration (FRC) facility of the C-2/C-2U, primarily for particle refueling. A CT is formed and injected by a magnetized coaxial plasma gun (MCPG) exclusively developed for the C-2/C-2U FRC. To refuel the particles of long-lived FRCs, multiple CT injections are required. Thus, a multi-stage discharge circuit was developed for a multi-pulsed CT injection. The drive frequency of this system can be adjusted up to 1 kHz and the number of CT shots per injector is two; the system can be further upgraded for a larger number of injection pulses. The developed MCPG can achieve a supersonic ejection velocity in the range of ~100 km s−1. The key plasma parameters of electron density, electron temperature and the number of particles are ~5 × 1021 m−3, ~30 eV and 0.5–1.0 × 1019, respectively. In this project, single- and double-pulsed counter CT injection fueling were conducted on the C-2/C-2U facility by two CT injectors. The CT injectors were mounted 1 m apart in the vicinity of the mid-plane. To avoid disruptive perturbation on the FRC, the CT injectors were operated at the lower limit of the particle inventory. The experiments demonstrated successful refueling with a significant density build-up of 20–30% of the FRC particle inventory per single CT injection without any deleterious effects on the C-2/C-2U FRC.
A smart drug: a pH-responsive photothermal ablation agent for Golgi apparatus activated cancer therapy (2017)

We report a pH-responsive photothermal ablation agent (pH-PTT) based on cyanine dyes for photothermal therapy (PTT). The nanoparticles formed by BSA and pH-PTT preferentially accumulated in the Golgi apparatus of cancer cells compared to normal cells, and thus can be specifically activated by the acidic Golgi apparatus in cancer cells for effective PTT both ex vivo and in vivo.
Geochemical Weathering Increases Lead Bioaccessibility in Semi-Arid Mine Tailings (2012)

Mine tailings can host elevated concentrations of toxic metal(loid)s that represent a significant hazard to surrounding communities and ecosystems. Eolian transport, capable of translocating small (micrometer-sized) particles, can be the dominant mechanism of toxic metal dispersion in arid or semiarid landscapes. Human exposure to metals can then occur via direct inhalation or ingestion of particulates. The fact that measured doses of total lead (Pb) in geomedia correlate poorly with blood Pb levels highlights a need to better resolve the precise distribution of molecularly speciated metal-bearing phases in the complex particle mixtures. Species distribution controls bioaccessibility, thereby directly impacting health risk. This study seeks to correlate Pb-containing particle size and mineral composition with lability and bioaccessibility in mine tailings subjected to weathering in a semiarid environment. We employed X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), coupled with sequential chemical extractions, to study Pb speciation in tailings from the semiarid Arizona Klondyke State Superfund Site. Representative samples ranging in pH from 2.6 to 5.4 were selected for in-depth study of Pb solid-phase speciation. The principle lead-bearing phase was plumbojarosite (PbFe(6)(SO(4))(4)(OH)(12)), but anglesite (PbSO(4)) and iron oxide-sorbed Pb were also observed. Anglesite, the most bioavailable mineral species of lead identified in this study, was enriched in surficial tailings samples, where Pb concentrations in the clay size fraction were 2-3 times higher by mass relative to bulk. A mobile and bioaccessible Pb phase accumulates in surficial tailings, with a corresponding increase in risk of human exposure to atmospheric particles.