gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mapping of a Locus Controlling Resistance toAlbugo candidainBrassica rapa (1996)

White rust, caused by Albugo candida, is an economically important disease of crucifers. Genetic analysis for resistance to race 2 of A. candida in an F 2 population and a set of F 3 families both derived from a cross between Brassica rapa cultivars Per (resistant) and R-500 (susceptible) revealed that resistance is controlled by a dominant allele at a single locus. White rust resistance was associated with leaf pubescence, which also was governed by a dominant allele at a single locus. The resistance locus (ACA1) was mapped by linkage analysis with 144 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci segregating among the F3 families. The ACA1 locus was mapped to linkage group 4 and was flanked by RFLP marker loci ec2b3a (5.4 centimorgans [cM]) and wg6cla (5.0 cM). ACA1 was linked to the leaf pubescence locus PUB1 by 13.3 cM. The linked RFLP markers and leaf pubescence may be useful in introgression and map-based cloning of white rust resistance in B. rapa and its related species.
A distinct human NKp30+FcɛRIγ+CD8+ T cell population exhibiting high NK-like anti-tumor potential (2018)

Abstract CD8+ T cells are considered prototypical cells of adaptive immunity. Here, we uncovered a distinct CD8+ T cell population, expressing the activating NK receptor, NKp30, in peripheral blood of healthy individuals. We revealed that IL-15 could de novo induce NKp30 expression in a population of CD8+ T cells, and further drive their differentiation towards a broad innate transcriptional landscape. The adapter FcɛRIγ was concomitantly induced, and shown to be crucial to enable NKp30 cell surface expression and function in CD8+ T cells. FcɛRIγ de novo expression required promoter demethylation and was accompanied by the acquisition of the signaling molecule Syk and the "innate" transcription factor PLZF. IL-15-induced NKp30+CD8+ T cells exhibited high NK-like anti-tumor activity in vitro, able to synergize with TCR-signaling. Importantly, this population potently controlled tumor growth in a preclinical xenograft mouse model. Our study, while blurring borders between innate and adaptive, reveals a unique NKp30+FcɛRIγ+CD8+ T cell population with high anti-tumor therapeutic potential.
GraspJ: an open source, real-time analysis package for super-resolution imaging (2012)

We present an open source, real-time data analysis and rendering tool for super-resolution imaging techniques that are based on single molecule detection and localization (e.g. stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy - STORM and photoactivation localization microscopy – PALM). The recent availability of commercial STORM and PALM microscopes has made these techniques accessible to a wide range of researchers. However, the availability of high speed data analysis and rendering software lags behind, requiring researchers to develop their own analysis platforms or rely on commercial ones. We implemented GraspJ (GPU-Run Analysis for STORM and PALM), an ImageJ plug-in with a convenient user interface, that allows high accuracy localization of single molecules as well as processing and rendering of high resolution images in real-time. GraspJ includes several features such as drift correction, multi-color, 3D analysis/rendering, and is compatible with a large range of data acquisition software. In addition, it allows easy interfacing with other image processing tools available with ImageJ. Overall we believe that GraspJ will be a valuable tool for the super-resolution imaging field.
FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS IN CATHODIC PROTECTION. FINAL REPORT (1989)

The performance of seven cathodic protection systems installed on two mild steel reinforced concrete bridges was assessed. One bridge is located in a marine environment and the other is located in a northern climatic region. Critical review of embedded silver/silver chloride reference cells and macrocell rebar probes was made. Constant voltage and constant current control for cathodic protection systems were monitored and results are described. Test procedures and actual field data to establish cathodic protection criteria for bridge structures are discussed. The effectiveness of an improved coke-asphalt cathodic protection system for bridge decks was laboratory tested and discussed.
The effect of crosstalk and phase noise in multichannel coherent optical ASK systems (1991)

The authors extend the analysis of G.J. Foschini et al. (1988) to a two-channel system and to a wider class of IF filters. The authors carry out a comprehensive study of the sensitivity of an optical receiver in a two-channel ASK system, taking into account phase noise and crosstalk, including crosstalk arising from phase noise in the second channel. They compare the results with previous work in the limit of no phase noise and show how the agreement is good. They compute the penalty due to crosstalk for different linewidths and filter shapes. It is shown that the minimum channel spacing is a few bit rates more than the IF filter bandwidth, and is therefore increased significantly by significant phase noise. The detailed IF filter shape appears to have only a weak effect.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
MicroRNA-Based Therapy in Animal Models of Selected Gastrointestinal Cancers (2016)

Gastrointestinal cancer accounts for the 20 most frequent cancer diseases worldwide and there is a constant urge to bring new therapeutics with new mechanism of action into the clinical practice. Quantity of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evidences indicate, that exogenous change in pathologically imbalanced microRNAs (miRNAs) is capable of transforming the cancer cell phenotype. This review analyzed preclinical miRNA-based therapy attempts in animal models of gastric, pancreatic, gallbladder, and colorectal cancer. From more than 400 original articles, 26 was found to assess the effect of miRNA mimics, precursors, expression vectors, or inhibitors administered locally or systemically being an approach with relatively high translational potential. We have focused on mapping available information on animal model used (animal strain, cell line, xenograft method), pharmacological aspects (oligonucleotide chemistry, delivery system, posology, route of administration) and toxicology assessments. We also summarize findings in the field pharmacokinetics and toxicity of miRNA-based therapy.
Concept and basic technologies for 3-D IC structure (1986)

VLSI will be rearching to limit of minimization in 1990's, and after that, further increase of packing density or a number of transistors in a chip might depend on the vetical integration (3-D IC) technology. The 3-D IC consisting of completely stacked active layers offers the flexibility of the circuit design and ccmposition of various devices. This will lead upto new system design and novel functional device. It will become a big trend for VLSI in the next generation.
A perspective on management of Helicoverpa armigera: transgenic Bt cotton, IPM, and landscapes (2016)

Helicoverpa armigera is a major pest of agriculture, horticulture and floriculture throughout the Old World and recently invaded parts of the New World. We overview of the evolution in thinking about the application of area-wide approaches to assist with its control by the Australian Cotton Industry to highlight important lessons and future challenges to achieving the same in the New World. An over-reliance of broad-spectrum insecticides led to Helicoverpa spp. in Australian cotton rapidly became resistant to DDT, synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates and endosulfan. Voluntary strategies were developed to slow the development of insecticide resistance, which included rotating chemistries and basing spray decisions on thresholds. Despite adoption of these practices, insecticide resistance continued to develop until the introduction of genetically modified cotton provided a platform for augmenting Integrated Pest Management in the Australian cotton industry. Compliance with mandatory resistance management plans for Bt cotton necessitated a shift from pest control at the level of individual fields or farms towards a coordinated area-wide landscape approach. Our take-home message for control of H. armigera is that resistance management is essential in genetically modified crops and must be season long and area-wide to be effective. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Encapsulation of Equine Endothelial Colony Forming Cells in Highly Uniform, Injectable Hydrogel Microspheres for Local Cell Delivery (2017)

A common challenge in cell therapy is the inability to routinely maintain survival and localization of injected therapeutic cells. Delivering cells by direct injection increases the flexibility of clinical applications, but may cause low cell viability and retention rates due to the high shear forces in the needle and mechanical wash out. In this study, we encapsulated endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) in poly(ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen (PF) hydrogel microspheres using a custom-built microfluidic device; this system supports rapid encapsulation of high cell concentrations (10 million cells per mL) and resulting cell-laden microspheres are highly uniform in shape and size. The encapsulated ECFCs were shown to have >95% viability and continued to rapidly proliferate. Expression of cell markers (von Willebrand factor, CD105, and CD14), the ability to form tubules on basement membrane matrix, and the ability to take up low-density lipoprotein were similar between pre- and post-encapsulated cells. Viability of encapsulated ECFCs was maintained after shear through 18-23-gauge needles. Ex vivo and in vivo cell delivery studies were performed by encapsulating and injecting autologous equine ECFCs subcutaneously into distal limb full-thickness wounds of adult horses. Injected ECFCs were visualized by labeling with fluorescent nanodots before encapsulation. One week after injection, confocal microscopy analysis of biopsies of the leading edges of the wounds showed that the encapsulated ECFCs migrated into the surrounding host tissue indicating successful retention and survival of the delivered ECFCs. Rapid, scalable cell encapsulation into PF microspheres was demonstrated to be practical for use in large animal cell therapy and is a clinically relevant method to maintain cell retention and survival after local injection.
A practical 3D-printed soft robotic prosthetic hand with multi-articulating capabilities (2020)

Soft robotic hands with monolithic structure have shown great potential to be used as prostheses due to their advantages to yield light weight and compact designs as well as its ease of manufacture. However, existing soft prosthetic hands design were often not geared towards addressing some of the practical requirements highlighted in prosthetics research. The gap between the existing designs and the practical requirements significantly hampers the potential to transfer these designs to real-world applications. This work addressed these requirements with the consideration of the trade-off between practicality and performance. These requirements were achieved through exploiting the monolithic 3D printing of soft materials which incorporates membrane enclosed flexure joints in the finger designs, synergy-based thumb motion and cable-driven actuation system in the proposed hand prosthesis. Our systematic design (tentatively named X-Limb) achieves a weight of 253gr, three grasps types (with capability of individual finger movement), power-grip force of 21.5N, finger flexion speed of 1.3sec, a minimum grasping cycles of 45,000 (while maintaining its original functionality) and a bill of material cost of 200 USD (excluding quick disconnect wrist but without factoring in the cost reduction through mass production). A standard Activities Measure for Upper-Limb Amputees benchmark test was carried out to evaluate the capability of X-Limb in performing grasping task required for activities of daily living. The results show that all the practical design requirements are satisfied, and the proposed soft prosthetic hand is able to perform all the real-world grasping tasks of the benchmark tests, showing great potential in improving life quality of individuals with upper limb loss.
How H13 Histocompatibility Peptides Differing by a Single Methyl Group and Lacking Conventional MHC Binding Anchor Motifs Determine Self-Nonself Discrimination (2002)

The mouse H13 minor histocompatibility (H) Ag, originally detected as a barrier to allograft transplants, is remarkable in that rejection is a consequence of an extremely subtle interchange, P4(Val/Ile), in a nonamer H2-D(b)-bound peptide. Moreover, H13 peptides lack the canonical P5(Asn) central anchor residue normally considered important for forming a peptide/MHC complex. To understand how these noncanonical peptide pMHC complexes form physiologically active TCR ligands, crystal structures of allelic H13 pD(b) complexes and a P5(Asn) anchored pD(b) analog were solved to high resolution. The structures show that the basis of TCRs to distinguish self from nonself H13 peptides is their ability to distinguish a single solvent-exposed methyl group. In addition, the structures demonstrate that there is no need for H13 peptides to derive any stabilization from interactions within the central C pocket to generate fully functional pMHC complexes. These results provide a structural explanation for a classical non-MHC-encoded H Ag, and they call into question the requirement for contact between anchor residues and the major MHC binding pockets in vaccine design.
A New Single Point Preview-Based Human-Like Driver Model on Urban Curved Roads (2020)

To make intelligent vehicles obtain human drivers' steering characteristic, a new single point preview-based human-like driver model is proposed, which contains a preview decision module and a steering wheel angle calculation module. Enlightened by the visual gaze mechanism of human drivers when passing a curved road, the preview decision module is established using Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference system (T-S FIS) to adaptively adjust the preview point position in both longitudinal and lateral direction, and the steering angle calculation module would use the adjusted preview point to generate steering command based on pure pursuit algorithm. Ant colony optimization (ACO) method is used to optimize the fuzzy rules in the preview decision module according to the similarity of trajectories between the proposed driver model and human drivers. The proposed human-like driver model is verified on a two-lane urban curved road. Five experienced human drivers' driving trajectories under different speeds are collected for the verification. After the preview decision module optimization done in the PreScan/Simulink simulation platform, the proposed human-like driver model shows higher similarity with experienced human drivers than the driver model with fixed preview distance or the driver model only with changeable longitudinal preview distance.
Oxidation and Steam Reforming of  CH 4 on Ni and Fe Anodes under Low Humidity Conditions in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (1996)

Oxidation and steam reforming of on Ni/YSZ and Fe/YSZ cermet anodes were examined, primarily under the condition of . In the fuel system, steam reforming occurs on anodes, generating CO and . The steam reforming activity of on Ni/YSZ was much higher than on Fe/YSZ at open circuit. The anodic polarization curves of an Ni/YSZ cermet electrode, both in dry and fuel systems, could be divided into two parts; one due to direct oxidation of C in the low overvoltage region, the other due to oxidation of and/or CO at higher overvoltages. On the other hand, the anodic polarization curves of an Fe/YSZ cermet electrode in fuel showed behavior different from that for Ni/YSZ in the dry or the fuel systems. The polarization curve in the dry fuel system showed multiple reaction slopes, while that in the fuel system showed only one slope. A thermochemical calculation was made to estimate the anode surface state and the equilibrium oxygen partial pressure between the anode/YSZ interface and the gas phase.
Death and Legacy (2017)

This chapter studies the death and legacies of William the Conqueror. It first describes William's final illness, death, and burial, and the events that happened in the aftermath of his death, particularly the issue of royal succession. The chapter then traces further developments in Normandy and England following his rule, and the notable changes that had occurred within these territories as a result of his rule. Finally, the chapter turns to an assessment of the significance of William's career overall, contextualising his life and achievements within a multicultural world in which there were multiple diversities and many common factors, where William the Conqueror's life remains only part of a much larger story.
Superlow-Friction Carbon Films for Fuel System Components Operating in Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuels (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper, we will demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of a new class of superlow-friction carbon films in alleviating the wear and scuffing problems associated with the use of low-sulfur diesel fuels in fuel delivery systems of advanced diesel engines. Specifically, using a well-established diesel fuel lubricity test machine, we will show that with the use of very thin (1 μm thick), super lubricious carbon films, one can restore lubricity and virtually eliminate scuffing and potential wear failures that can occur in low-sulfur, super-clean, and zero-sulfur (Fischer-Tropsch) diesel fuels. Test results from our study raise the prospect for using such carbon coatings to solve problems associated with the use of low-sulfur diesel fuels and high injection pressures in future engines.&lt;/div&gt;
Random clonal expansion as a limiting factor in transplantable in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 screens (2021)

Abstract Transplantable in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens, in which cells are transduced in vitro and inoculated into mice to form tumours in vivo, offer the opportunity to evaluate gene function in a cancer model that incorporates the multicellular interactions of the tumour microenvironment. In this study, we sought to develop a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumour xenograft model for whole-genome screens that could maintain high gRNA representation during tumour initiation and progression. To achieve this, we sought early-passage HNSCC cell lines with a high frequency of tumour initiation-cells, and identified the pseudodiploid UT-SCC-54C line as a suitable model from 23 HNSCC lines tested based on a low tumourigenic dose for 50% takes (TD 50 ) of 1100 cells in NSG mice. On transduction with the GeCKOv2 whole-genome gRNA library (119,461 unique gRNAs), high (80-95%) gRNA representation was maintained in early (up to 14 d) UT-SCC-54C tumours in NSG mice, but not in UT-SCC-74B tumours (TD 50 =9200). However, loss of gRNA representation was observed in UT-SCC-54C tumours following growth for 38-43 days, which correlated with a large increase in bias among gRNA read counts due to stochastic expansion of clones in the tumours. Applying binomial thinning simulations revealed that the UT-SCC-54C model would have 40-90% statistical power to detect drug sensitivity genes with log 2 fold change effect sizes of 1-2 in early tumours with gRNA libraries of up to 10,000 gRNAs and modest group sizes of 5 tumours. In large tumours, this model would have had 45% power to detect log 2 fold change effect sizes of 2-3 with libraries of 2,000 gRNAs and 14 tumours per group. Based on our findings, we conclude that gRNA library size, sample size and tumour size are all parameters that can be individually optimised to ensure transplantable in vivo CRISPR screens can successfully evaluate gene function.
Preparation and Characterization of Tl-2223 Superconductor Coating Using the Electrophoretic Deposition Method (1997)

Tl2Ba1.6Sr0.4Ca2Cu3O10+y(Tl-2223) superconductor coatings on Ag substrates were prepared using the electrophoretic deposition method. The Tl-2223 single phase was obtained by applying a high Tl composition of superconducting powder at the proper sintering conditions in order to prevent evaporation of Tl during the sintering process. Nominal Tl compositions of the superconducting powders were 2.00-2.50, which were stoichiometric and excess compositions. Electrophoretically deposited coatings using these superconducting powders were buried in the superconducting powder and sintered at 815°C for 6h in air. For the case of the nominal Ti compositions of 2.20-2.30, superconducting powders were used for the electrophoretic deposition, the Tl compositions of sintered superconductors were 1.80-1.87, the critical temperature (Tc, zero) was 110-112K, and these samples were almost single phase. On the other hand, Ag2O powder was electrophoretically deposited onto the Tl-2223 electrophoretic deposition coating. After heat treatment at 315°C for 2h, the Tl-2223 pre-sintered superconductor coating was coated with silver. It was then sintered at 815°C for 6h. Although they were not buried during the sintering process, the Tl compositions of the obtained samples were 1.81-1.83 with a Tc, zero of 111-113K. This silver coat acts to restrain Tl evaporation and protects the coating of the superconducting layer. Moreover, the critical current density (Jc) of silver coated superconductor coating was 67A/cm2 (77K, 0T) when a nominal Tl composition of 2.30 superconducting powder was used for the electrophoretic deposition.
A car detection system using the neocognitron (1991)

A car image detection system using the neocognitron is described. The system can recognize car images successfully without regard to influences of the differences of kinds of cars and shifts in position. The number of cell planes can be reduced by actively introducing features of patterns to be recognized by the neocognitron. The neocognitron uses vertical and horizontal lines and combinations as training patterns. The increase of the number of cell planes can thus be held down. Although car images are not directly used in the training process except in the output layer, the system can detect cars skilfully. Thus, using appropriate features of input patterns, the neocognitron obtains sufficient recognition capability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Inference. XIV. A General Method for Predicting Molecular Ions in Mass Spectra (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplications of Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Inference. XIV. A General Method for Predicting Molecular Ions in Mass SpectraR Dromey, Bruce Buchanan, Dennis Smith, Joshua Lederberg, and Carl DjerassiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 6, 770–774Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online13 August 2003Published inissue 1 March 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00894a606https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00894a606research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts