gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facile Preparation of tert‐Butyl 1‐tert‐Butoxycarbonylaminocyclopent‐3‐enecarboxylate from Inexpensive Starting Materials. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Contributions to the Chemistry of Boron, 210. η2‐Transition Metal Complexes of the Ligand 9‐Fluorenylidene(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidino)borane (1992)

The boraolefin 9‐fluorenylidene(tetramethylpiperidino)borane L forms complexes 1 — 4 with the isolobal fragments Fe‐(CO) 4 , CpCo(CO), Cp′Mn(CO) 2 , and C 6 H 6 Cr(CO) 2 , respectively. Compounds Fe L (CO) 3 PR 3 (PR 3 =PMe 3 , PhPMe 2 , Ph 2 ‐PMe, PCl 3 , PhPCl 2 , 1 a — e ) are obtained photochemically from Fe(CO) 5 , L , and PR 3 in toluene solution. An X‐ray structure analysis 1 and 1 a reveals a distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal geometry, with the boron atom of 1 in an equatorial position. 2 contains two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The two molecules are enantiomers with Co atoms in a pseudotetrahedral environment. MO calculations demonstrate that the distortion found in 1 is due to electronic rather than steric effects as exemplified by the model compound Fe(CO) 4 (H 2 N—B=CH 2 ) ( 6 ). π‐Back bonding from the metal‐centred 2a′ orbital to the boron‐centred π BC * orbital contributes significantly to the stabilization of the energy‐minimized structure 8 . Experimental evidence for this back bonding is provided by the shorter M–B bond in 1 and 2 as compared with the M–C bond to the boraoelfin unit. However, the reverse is true for the manganese complex 3 .
Synthetic Tet-inducible artificial microRNAs targeting β-catenin or HIF-1α inhibit malignant phenotypes of bladder cancer cells T24 and 5637 (2015)

Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) based on microRNA (miRNA) may provide efficient and safe therapeutic opportunities. However, natural microRNAs can not easily be regulated and usually cause few phenotypic changes. Using the engineering principles of synthetic biology, we provided a novel and standard platform for the generation of tetracycline (Tet)-inducible vectors that express artificial microRNAs in a dosage-dependent manner. The vector generates a Pol II promoter-mediated artificial microRNA which was flanked by ribozyme sequences. In order to prove the utility of this platform, we chose β-catenin and HIF-1α as the functional targets and used the bladder cancer cell lines 5637 and T24 as the test models. We found that the Tet-inducible artificial microRNAs can effectively silence the target genes and their downstream genes, and induce anti-cancer effects in the two bladder cancer cell lines. These devices can inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and suppress migration of the bladder cancer cell lines 5637 and T24. The Tet-inducible synthetic artificial microRNAs may represent a kind of novel therapeutic strategies for treating human bladder cancer.
Opportunistic Use of Content Addressable Storage for Distributed File Systems (2003)

May 2003. Motivated by the prospect of readily available Content Addressable Storage (CAS), we introduce the concept of file recipes. A file's recipe is a first-class file system object listing content hashes that describe the data blocks composing the file. File recipes provide applications with instructions for reconstructing the original file from available CAS data blocks. We describe one such application of recipes, the CASPER distributed file system. A CASPER client opportunistically fetches blocks from nearby CAS providers to improve its performance when the connection to a file server traverses a low-bandwidth path. We use measurements of our prototype to evaluate its performance under varying network conditions. Our results demonstrate significant improvements in execution times of applications that use a network file system. We conclude by describing fuzzy block matching, a promising technique for using approximately matching blocks on CAS providers to reconstitute the exact desired contents of a file at a client.
Yttrium hydroxide fluoride based monodisperse mesocrystals: additive-free synthesis, enhanced fluorescence properties, and potential applications in temperature sensing (2014)

Fluorine-containing monodisperse mesocrystals constructed by nanorods were synthesized via an additive-free hydrothermal route and Eu<sup>3+</sup>was successfully incorporated into the yttrium hydroxide fluoride host lattice.
Passive solar/gas technology characterization and development. Final report, December 1982-March 1985 (1985)

The report presents the methodology to: (1) accurately determine annual energy usage for passive-solar buildings; (2) balance the amounts of auxiliary energy, passive-solar features, and conservation (levels of insulation); and (3) size zone-heating radiant panel units for passive-solar buildings. The methodology focuses upon the building as a system with a life cycle-costing approach encompassing capital-equipment costs, installation costs, and energy costs. Thus, a comparison of gas versus electric systems is possible which includes these effects. The manual includes about 50 different types of passive solar systems in about 50 different locations across the continential United States.
Cross-linked chitosan diclofenac sodium beads for sustained release systems (2012)

Cross-linked beads of diclofenac sodium with chitosan like 86.60%DOD, 87.82%DOD, 93.10%DOD and their different ratios with different concentrations of sodium tri-polyphosphate (STPP) were done to develop a sustained release system. Cross-linked beads were formulated using different grades of deacetylated chitosan like 86.60% DOD, 87.82%DOD, 93.10% DOD, and their different ratios with different concentration of sodium tri-polyphosphate. The crosslinking were done by ionotropic gelation method. Beads were characterized by DSC and SEM. The effect of concentration of sodium tri-polyphosphate, entrapment efficiency and percentage of swelling on drug release profiles of beads. Stability studies were conducted as per ICH Guidelines at 40°C/75% RH for 6 months. The diclofenac sodium content within the beads decreased with increasing STPP concentration. Thermal analysis shows there was melting of chitosan and diclofenac sodium respectively indicating molecular dispersion of drug in chitosan beads. SEM showed the beads were spherical in shape and rough in surface. It is also observed that as the drug to polymer ratio decreases, entrapment efficiency increases. It is observed that degree of swelling decreased with increasing concentration of STPP. Increased cross-linking reduced the degree of swelling and drug release. It can be concluded that that utilization of multiparticulate system is an effective system for obtaining sustained release of drugs.
Negative-ion formation from positive ion by two-electron transfer from an alkali-metal target (1992)

To examine two-electron transfer producing negative ions from positive ions, an apparatus using an alkali-metal target has been developed. Positive ions formed by electron impact in an ion source collided with alkali-metal vapor in a target chamber. Negative ions formed by two-electron transfer have been analyzed with a single-focusing mass spectrometer. Precursor positive ions and product negative ions have been identified from the apparent masses in the negative-ion spectra. Using the target density dependence of the negative-ion intensity, the processes of negative-ion formation were determined to be double-electron transfer in one collision or successive single-electron transfer in two collisions. The cross section of these processes has been estimated from the peak area of positive- and negative-ion spectra and the target density evaluated using the vapor-pressure curve as a function of the temperature of the alkali-metal cell. A cross section for He−-ion formation in the Cs target with successive single-electron transfer have been evaluated to be 1.40×10−30±0.2 cm4 at a collision energy of 2.0 keV, which showed the fair agreement with the values reported by Donnally and Thoeming [Phys. Rev. 159, 87 (1967)]. The double-electron transfer cross section for C2−-ion formation from a C2+ ion with a Cs target has been evaluated as 7.03×10−18±0.1 cm2 at 3.0 keV. For O−-ion formation from O2+ ions, four broad peaks were observed due to the kinetic energy releases at dissociation which were 7.3, 3.4, 1.1, and 0.014 eV at full width at half maximum. Since the kinetic energy releases of the broad peaks corresponded with those by Peterson and Bae [Phys. Rev. A 30, 2807 (1984)], the peak extents have been explained as the dissociations of the excited neutral formed from exothermic neutralization. This two-electron transfer from an alkali-metal target offers a good advantage for the determination of the dissociation mechanism for excited neutral particles by means of the negative-ion detection method.
Similar Days in the NAS: an Airport Perspective (2013)

‡On any given day, constraints in the National Airspace System, for instance weather, necessitate the implementation of Traffic Flow Management initiatives, such as Ground Delay Programs. The parameters associated with these initiatives, for example the location, scope, duration, etc., are typically left to human decision makers, who must rely on intuition, past experience, and weather and traffic forecasts. Although the decisions of these traffic flow specialists are recorded on a daily basis, few studies have attempted to apply data mining techniques to these archives in an attempt to identify patterns and past decisions that could ultimately be used to influence future decision-making. The goal of this study is to take a preliminary step towards informing future decision-making by proposing a technique for identifying similar days in the National Airspace System in terms of the Ground Delay Programs that were operationally implemented. Hence an airport perspective is being taken to identify these similar days, as opposed to considering possible airspace features. A modified k-means clustering algorithm is applied to all days in 2011, resulting in the identification of 18 clusters that represent unique combinations of Ground Delay Program that were historically implemented. A given day was described in terms of the presence or absence of 33 features that were a combination of Ground Delay Program locations and causes. By far the largest cluster that was identified consisted of 73 days on which low ceiling related Ground Delay Programs impacted San Francisco International Airport. In an attempt to verify the stated cause of the Ground Delay Programs, an Expectation Maximization clustering algorithm was applied to the 8,760 hourly Meteorological Aerodrome Reports, scheduled arrival rate and Ground Delay Program start and end time records for 2011. In general, clusters were identified that corroborated the stated causes of the Ground Delay Programs. However, these clusters often contained a significant number of members for which a Ground Delay Program did not occur. Findings from this initial study indicate that it is possible to identify similar days under which the National Airspace System operates, and clustering techniques appear to be promising methods for identifying the major causes of Ground Delay Programs.
Concise Construction of Sarain A Core According to a Biosynthetic Proposal: Cyclization through an Intramolecular Mannich‐type Reaction Involving an Endocyclic N‐Acyliminium ion (2011)

Biogenetically inspired cyclization: The formation of the diazatricyclic core of the marine alkaloid sarain A was achieved, guided by a biosynthetic proposal. The main features are the regioselective reduction of a cyclic imide and an unprecedented intramolecular Mannich-type reaction involving an endocyclic N-acyliminium ion and a silyl enol ether (see scheme). Both species were generated in a single step and with a single reagent through electrophilic and nucleophilic activation. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Vacuum decay container/closure integrity testing technology. Part 1. ASTM F2338-09 precision and bias studies. (2010)

ASTM F2338-09 Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Detection of Leaks in Packages by Vacuum Decay Method is applicable for leak-testing rigid and semi-rigid non-lidded trays; trays or cups sealed with porous barrier lidding materials; rigid, nonporous packages; and flexible, nonporous packages. Part 1 of this series describes the precision and bias studies performed in 2008 to expand this method's scope to include rigid, nonporous packages completely or partially filled with liquid. Round robin tests using three VeriPac 325/LV vacuum decay leak testers (Packaging Technologies & Inspection, LLC, Tuckahoe, NY) were performed at three test sites. Test packages were 1-mL glass syringes. Positive controls had laser-drilled holes in the barrel ranging from about 5 to 15 microm in nominal diameter. Two different leak tests methods were performed at each site: a "gas leak test" performed at 250 mbar (absolute) and a "liquid leak test" performed at about 1 mbar (absolute). The gas leak test was used to test empty, air-filled syringes. All defects with holes > or = 5.0 microm and all no-defect controls were correctly identified. The only false negative result was attributed to a single syringe with a < 5.0-microm hole. Tests performed using a calibrated air leak supported a 0.10-cm3 x min(-1) (ccm) sensitivity limit (99/99 lower tolerance limit). The liquid leak test was used to test both empty, air-filled syringes and water-filled syringes. Test results were 100% accurate for all empty and water-filled syringes, both without holes and with holes (5, 10, and 15 microm). Tests performed using calibrated air flow leaks of 0, 0.05, and 0.10 ccm were also 100% accurate; data supported a 0.10-ccm sensitivity limit (99/99 lower tolerance limit). Quantitative differential pressure results strongly correlated to hole size using either liquid or gas vacuum decay leak tests. The higher vacuum liquid leak test gave noticeably higher pressure readings when water was present in the defect. Both the ASTM F2338-09 test method and the precision and bias study report are available by contacting ASTM International in West Conshohocken, PA, USA (www.astm.org).
Nuclear protein kinase C activity is decreased in Friend erythroleukemia cells induced to differentiate. (1992)

Although it is well known that protein kinase C (PKC) is an important signaling molecule in Friend erythroleukemia cells it is not clear what role PKC may play in either regulated or unregulated erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a decrease in nuclear PKC activity is associated with the induction of differentiation in Friend erythroleukemia cells. The effects of staurosporine, a selective inhibitor of PKC, and the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate, an activator of PKC, on Friend cell proliferation and differentiation were examined. Neither the inhibitor nor the activator of PKC affected proliferation at 96 h as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation, but both compounds inhibited cell differentiation. In addition, nuclear PKC activity was highest in untreated and in tumor promoter-treated cells that were not differentiated, and it was lowest in cells induced to differentiate with hexamethylene bisacetamide or dimethylsulfoxide. It is concluded that nuclear PKC activity is essential for Friend erythroleukemia cell proliferation, and that a decrease in enzyme activity within the nucleus is associated with differentiation.
Final post-shot flows of some devonian shale gas wells stimulated by several kinds of explosive charge (1981)

Final post-shot open flows from the neighboring gas wells in Putnam County WV that had been stimulated in the brown shale, three with slightly decoupled charges of dynamite and six with fully coupled charges of a high-energy water-gel explosive (one in an underreamed well) are discussed. 11 refs.
Proteins and Complexes That Affect Actin-filament Assembly and Interactions (1982)

There is presently a large volume of experimental evidence indicating that actin-containing cytoskeletal and contractile structures in nonmuscle cells undergo reversible assembly and disassembly dependent on the physiologic state of the cell. For instance, fluorescence-labeling studies have shown that actin-filament bundles in fibroblasts appear when the cells spread on a solid substrate (Lazarides 1976) and disappear when the cells undergo mitosis (Sanger 1975) or are affected by external agents such as oncogenic viruses and proteolytic enzymes (Pollack and Rifkin 1976). Other studies involving biochemical measurements of actin pools have indicated that transformation of platelets from a resting state to a highly motile state by thrombin stimulation is accompanied by rapid polymerization of cellular actin (Carlsson et al. 1979; Phillips et al. 1979; Casella et al. 1981). The molecular mechanisms controlling the intercon version of globular actin monomers (G-actin), filamentous polymers (F-actin), as well as filament bundles and networks comprise one...
Convergent coarseness regulation for segmented images (2004)

In segmentation of remotely sensed images, the number of pixel classes and their spectral representations are often unknown a priori. Even with prior knowledge, pixels with spectral components from multiple classes lead to classification errors and undesired small region artifacts. Coarseness regulation for segmented images is proposed as an efficient novel technique for handling these problems. Beginning with an over-segmented image, perceptually similar connected regions are iteratively merged using a method reminiscent of region growing, except the primitives are regions, not pixels. Interactive coarseness regulation is achieved by specifying the area alpha of the largest region eligible for merging. A region with area less than alpha is merged with the most spectrally similar connected region, unless the regions are perceived as spectrally dissimilar. In convergent coarseness regulation, which requires no user interaction, alpha is specified as the total number of pixels in the image, and the coarseness regulation output converges to a steady-state segmentation that remains unchanged as alpha is further increased. By applying convergent coarseness regulation to AVIRIS, IKONOS and DigitalGlobe images, and quantitatively comparing computer-generated segmentations to segmentations generated manually by a human analyst, it was found that the quality of the input segmentations was consistently and dramatically improved
Accurate Electrical Modeling of Through Silicon Via with Minority Carrier Redistribution Effect (2018)

Accurate electrical models for Through Silicon Via (TSV) are critical for 3D integration system design, in which TSV capacitance plays an important role. Minority carrier redistribution (MCR) effect, the spatial position rearrangement of minority carrier in inversion layer, is considered in TSV modeling in this paper. The importance of taking MCR into account is illustrated by comparing the TSV capacitance calculated by capacitance models with and without MCR for a square-shape TSV. Parametric study of errors result from neglecting MCR is performed on several physical and material parameters. A more accurate electrical model for square-shape TSV based on 3D transmission line matrix method (3D-TLM) is proposed, and transient analysis using this model is performed to reveal the effect of MCR on the noise coupling.
Aphron-based Drilling Fluid: Novel Technology for Drilling Depleted Formations in the North Sea (2003)

Abstract Drilling depleted reservoirs is fraught with a host of technical and economic problems that often make it unprofitable to further develop some mature fields. Most of the problems center around uncontrollable losses and differential sticking. Frequently, less expensive drilling fluids will be used in a particular interval, even though it may have the propensity to damage the formation. The reasoning holds that such fluids will offset the high costs of losing more expensive muds to the formation. If operators turn to underbalanced drilling as an alternative, the extra time and equipment required for a safe operation can seriously degrade project economics in some applications. A specialized invasion-control drilling fluid has been developed to drill reservoirs prone to lost circulation. This fluid combines certain surfactants and polymers to create a system of micro-bubbles or aphrons that are encapsulated in a uniquely viscosified system. Aphron based systems are engineered drilling fluids that aid in well construction by controlling losses in depleted, high-permeability sands while stabilizing pressured shales or other formations. One of the more attractive features of an aphron-based system is that it does not require any of the extra equipment used in air or foam drilling. There are no compressors, high-pressure hoses or connections to add costs and safety concerns. The system uses conventional fluid-mixing equipment to form tough, flexible micro-bubbles. This paper describes the development and application of the specialized micro-bubbles-based drilling fluid for controlling downhole mud loss in a depleted reservoir in the North Sea. The key issues of this project were excessive overbalance drilling conditions (&amp;gt; 5,000 psi) leading to the risk of highly expensive lost circulation and open perforations in the upper producer, requiring temporary sealing during drilling. The well was successfully drilled to TD without any drilling fluid losses. The authors will detail the laboratory methods used to generate appropriate formulations, the operational procedures, and field application.
Ultra-fast three terminal perpendicular spin-orbit torque MRAM (Presentation Recording) (2015)

The discovery that a current flowing in a heavy metal can exert a torque on a neighboring ferromagnet has opened a new way to manipulate the magnetization at the nanoscale. This “spin orbit torque” (SOT) has been demonstrated in ultrathin magnetic multilayers with structural inversion asymmetry (SIA) and high spin orbit coupling, such as Pt/Co/AlOx multilayers. We have shown that this torque can lead to the magnetization switching of a perpendicularly magnetized nanomagnet by an in-plane current injection. The manipulation of magnetization by SOT has led to a novel concept of magnetic RAM memory, the SOT-MRAM, which combines non volatility, high speed, reliability and large endurance. These features make the SOT-MRAM a good candidate to replace SRAM for non-volatile cache memory application. We will present the proof of concept of a perpendicular SOT-MRAM cell composed of a Ta/FeCoB/MgO/FeCoB magnetic tunnel junction and demonstrate ultra-fast (down to 300 ps) deterministic bipolar magnetization switching. Macrospin and micromagnetic simulations including SOT cannot reproduce the experimental results, which suggests that additional physical mechanisms are at stacks. Our results show that SOT-MRAM is fast, reliable and low power, which is promising for non-volatile cache memory application. We will also discuss recent experiments of magnetization reversal in ultrathin multilayers Pt/Co/AlOx by very short (&lt;200 ps) current pulses. We will show that in this material, the Dzyaloshinskii-Moryia interaction plays a key role in the reversal process.
Four ways to quantify synchrony between time series data (2020)

This project provides a sample dataset with detailed code on how to quantify synchrony between time series data using a Pearson correlation, time-lagged cross correlations, Dynamic Time Warping, and instantaneous phase synchrony. Rendered tutorial is available at http://jinhyuncheong.com/jekyll/update/2019/05/16/Four_ways_to_qunatify_synchrony.html