gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The DISS Project: Direct Steam Generation in Parabolic Troughs — Operation and Maintenance Experience — Update on Project Status (2001)

Abstract The DISS (DIrect Solar Steam) project is a complete R+TD program aimed at developing a new generation of solar thermal power plants with direct steam generation (DSG) in the absorber tubes of parabolic trough collectors. During the first phase of the project (1996–1998), a life-size test facility was implemented at the Plataforma Solar de Almería (PSA) to investigate under real solar conditions the basic DSG processes and evaluate the open technical questions concerning this new technology. This paper updates DISS project status and explains O&amp;M-related experience (e.g. main problems faced and solutions applied) with the PSA DISS test facility since January 1999.
Long Non-Coding RNAs Modulate Sjögren’s Syndrome Associated Gene Expression and Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of the Disease (2019)

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSjS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting exocrine glands; its pathogenesis is still unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and a comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs expression in pSjS is still lacking. To this aim, the expression of more than 540,000 human transcripts, including those ascribed to more than 50,000 lncRNAs is profiled at the same time, in a cohort of 16 peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMCs samples (eight pSjS and eight healthy subjects). A complex network analysis is carried out on the global set of molecular interactions among modulated genes and lncRNAs, leading to the identification of reliable lncRNA-miRNA-gene functional interactions. Taking this approach, a few lncRNAs are identified as targeting highly connected genes in the pSjS transcriptome, since they have a major impact on gene modulation in the disease. Such genes are involved in biological processes and molecular pathways crucial in the pathogenesis of pSjS, including immune response, B cell development and function, inflammation, apoptosis, type I and gamma interferon, epithelial cell adhesion and polarization. The identification of deregulated lncRNAs that modulate genes involved in the typical features of the disease provides insight in disease pathogenesis and opens avenues for the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
Kinetic studies in bile acid micelles (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic studies in bile acid micellesM. Chen, M. Gratzel, and J. K. ThomasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 8, 2052–2057Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00841a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00841a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The receptors for prolactin and growth hormone are localized in the same region of human chromosome 5 (1990)

Prolactin receptor (PRLR) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) are encoded by members of a gene family containing regions of identical sequences. To determine their chromosomal locations, cDNA probes for these genes were used. Analysis of hybridization to several somatic cell hybrids, together with hybridization in situ to metaphase chromosomes, resulted in the assignment of the loci for both receptors to human chromosome 5 in the region p13----p14. Thus, these proteins may be encoded by a cluster of related genes that evolved from a common ancestral gene, in a manner consonant with that of their ligands.
A new attempt of white-box AES implementation (2014)

In this paper, we propose an improved table-based white-box implementation of AES which is able to resist different types of attack, including the BGE attack and De Mulder et al.'s cryptanalysis, to protect information under “white-box attack context”. The notion of white-box attack context, introduced by Chow et al., describes a general setting in which cryptographic algorithms are executed in untrusted environments. In this setting, adversaries have attained complete access to the implementations of cryptographic algorithms as well as the dynamic execution environments. The key strategy applied to our design is to compose different operations of the AES round function and convert the composition into encoded lookup tables. The new scheme exploits larger key-dependent tables, each of which contains two bytes of the round keys. We then analyze the security against different types of attack and measure two security metrics: the “white-box diversity” and “ambiguity”. The new scheme can withstand the BGE attack due to the utilization of larger mixing bijections and tabulated “ShiftRows” it can also resist the cryptanalysis of De Mulder et al. since the bindings between “nTMC” and “TSR” are irreducible and the non-linear encodings are introduced to all tables.
Cis-dichlorodiammine platinum and adriamycin therapy for advanced gynecological and genitourinary neoplasms (1980)

Cis-Dichlorodiammine platinum (DDP) 75 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 and Adriamycin (ADR) 60 mg/m2 on day 1 were used in 31 patients with advanced gynecological and genitourinary neoplasms. The DDP was given by 6 hours intravenous infusion with 2 liters of 5% Dextrose and 0.5 normal saline using Mannitol and/or furosemide diuresis. Courses were repeated every 21 to 28 days. Responses were seen in 7 of 8 patients with germinal cell neoplasms (5 complete, 2 partial) with a median duration of eight months. A partial response was obtained in 3 of 7 patients with bladder carcinoma with a median duration of three months. There were four partial responses obtained in 9 patients with ovarian carcinoma with a median duration of five months. Toxicities included nausea and vomiting in all 31 patients, nephrotoxicity (serum creatinine > 2 g/100 ml) in patients, tinnitus and/or high frequency hearing loss in 10 patients, and neurotoxicity (peripheral neuropathy, normal pressure hydrocephalus, papilledema) in 8 patients. Severe leukopenia (WBC < 2000/cu mm) and thrombocytopenia (< 100,000/cu mm) occurred in 25% and 45% of evaluable courses, respectively and necessitated dosage reduction in all and delay of therapy in some patients. Peak plasma Pt levels were 2.61 +/- .18 microgram/cc on day 1 and 3.52 +/- .39 microgram/cc on day 8 with a longer terminal half-life on day 8 (252 hours) compared to day 1 (156 hours). Peak plasma ADR levels ranged from .53 to 1.67 N moles/cc with an average terminal half-life of 22.8 hours. This agrees with values of ADR when given alone. This dose and schedule of DDP-ADR is active against advanced gynecological and genitourinary neoplasms, but the amount of toxicity seen indicates that modifications will have to be made.
Natural Abundance17O NMR Study of Hindered Aryl Acid Chlorides (1991)

Abstract Natural abundance 17O NMR chemical shift data for 12 variably hindered aryl acid chlorides recorded in acetonitrile at 75° C are reported. The 17O NMR signals for the hindered acid chlorides are deshielded relative to unhindered isomers. A quantitative relationship between molecular mechanics (MM2) estimated torsion angles and 17O NMR chemical shifts for the aryl acid chlorides is developed.
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature (1993)

<h3>CLINICAL SCENARIO</h3> You are working as an internal medicine resident in a rheumatology rotation and are seeing a 19-year-old woman who has had systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosed on the basis of a characteristic skin rash, arthritis, and renal disease. A renal biopsy has shown diffuse proliferative nephritis. A year ago her creatinine level was 140 μmol/L, 6 months ago it was 180 μmol/L, and in a blood sample taken a week before this clinic visit, 220 μmol/L. Over the last year she has been taking prednisone, and over the last 6 months, cyclophosphamide, both in appropriate doses. You are distressed by the rising creatinine level and the rheumatology fellow with whom you discuss the problem suggests that you contact the hematology service to consider a trial of plasmapheresis. The fellow states that plasmapheresis is effective in reducing the level of the antibodies responsible for the nephritis and cites a number
Accuracy of a System for Creating 3D Computer Models of Dental Arches (2003)

Three-dimensional imaging of dental tissues will have a major impact in dentistry if the images are accurate. The purpose of this study was to measure the accuracy and precision of a system for creating three-dimensional images of dental arches. Using vinyl polysiloxane impression materials and improved dental stone, we made 10 stone casts of a "dental" standard with known dimensions. The impressions and casts were scanned by means of a Comet 100 optical scanner. Custom software created three-dimensional images (computer models) from the scanned data. Accuracy was defined as the average of the absolute differences between the computer models and the standard. Precision was the standard deviation of accuracy over 10 repeated measures. Software processing improved the accuracy of the scanner data. Accuracy +/- precision for the casts and impressions was 0.024 +/- 0.002 mm and 0.013 +/- 0.003 mm, respectively. The system produced computer models with sufficient accuracy for clinical application.
Rates of photosynthesis of two lichens and of their isolated algal components (1981)

Abstract The rate of photosynthesis of two lichen species (Peltigera leucophlebia and Ramalina farinacea) was found to be 30 to 40% that of spinach leaf dises and 20% that of the free-living alga Chlorella when the results were expressed on a per mg chlorophyll basis. When the algae were isolated from the thalli, the rate of photosynthesis per mg chlorophyll increased for Ramalina farinacea and decreased for Peltigera leucophlebia. Product analysis indicated that the products of photosynthesis depended on the association of the alga with the fungus: algae isolated from the thalli showed a «shift» in products from sugars and sugar alcohols. to compounds such as organic acids. The results suggest that a symbiotic relationship with a fungus alters both the rate and products of algal photosynthesis.
Impact of switch design on the application performance of cache-coherent multiprocessors (2002)

The effect of switch design on the application performance of cache-coherent non-uniform memory access (CC-NUMA) multiprocessors is studied in detail. Wormhole routing and cut-through switching are evaluated for these shared-memory multiprocessors that employ an multistage interconnection network (MIN) and full map directory-based cache coherence protocol. The switch design also considers virtual channels and varying number of input buffers per switch. Based on this, four different switch architectures are presented and compared. The evaluation is based on execution-driven simulation using five different applications to capture the random bursty nature of the network traffic arrival. The round-robin memory management policy is implemented. The authors show that the use of cut-through switching with buffers and virtual channels improves the average message latency tremendously. The waiting times of messages at various stages of switches are also presented. Finally, they show the variation of stall times and execution times for these applications by varying the switch delay and wire width.
In Vitro Glycoengineering of IgG1 and Its Effect on Fc Receptor Binding and ADCC Activity (2015)

The importance and effect of Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies with regard to biological activity is widely discussed and has been investigated in numerous studies. Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies from current production systems is subject to batch-to-batch variability. If there are glycosylation changes between different batches, these changes are observed not only for one but multiple glycan species. Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. In this study, the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions has been investigated using five different samples which were produced from one single drug substance batch by in vitro glycoengineering. This sample set comprises preparations with minimal and maximal galactosylation and different levels of sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans. Among others, Roche developed the glycosyltransferase enzyme sialyltransferase which was used for the in vitro glycoengineering activities at medium scale. A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. Furthermore, we demonstrate a galactosylation-induced positive impact on the binding activity of the IgG1 to FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa receptors and ADCC activity.
Updating the National Academy of Medicine ME/CFS prevalence and economic impact figures to account for population growth and inflation (2021)

We update the US prevalence and economic impact estimates of the 2015 National Academy of Medicine report on myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), taking into account growth in population, economic inflation, and inclusion of children. We find a rough doubling of the ME/CFS prevalence and economic impact figures in the US, with low-end prevalence coming out to 1.5 million and economic impact having a range of 36–51 billion dollars per year.
Measurement of Adhesion Work of Electrospun Polymer Membrane by Shaft-Loaded Blister Test (2012)

The work of adhesion at the interface of electrospun membrane and rigid substrate is measured by a shaft-loaded blister test (SLBT). Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) were electrospun with an average fiber diameter of 333 ± 59 nm. Commercial cardboard with inorganic coating was used to provide a model substrate for adhesion tests. In SLBT, the elastic response PVDF was analyzed and its adhesion energy measured. The average value of the adhesion work is 206 ± 26 mJ/m2. Elastic modulus of electrospun membrane obtained by SLBT is found to be 23.42 ± 2.69 MPa, which is consistent with the value obtained from standard tensile tests. The results show SLBT presented a viable methodology for evaluating the adhesion energy of electrospun polymer fabrics.
Single Channel Speech Separation with Constrained Utterance Level Permutation Invariant Training Using Grid LSTM (2018)

Utterance level permutation invariant training (uPIT) technique is a state-of-the-art deep learning architecture for speaker independent multi-talker separation. uPIT solves the label ambiguity problem by minimizing the mean square error (MSE) over all permutations between outputs and targets. However, uPIT may be sub-optimal at segmental level because the optimization is not calculated over the individual frames. In this paper, we propose a constrained uPIT (cuPIT) to solve this problem by computing a weighted MSE loss using dynamic information (i.e., delta and acceleration). The weighted loss ensures the temporal continuity of output frames with the same speaker. Inspired by the heuristics (i.e., vocal tract continuity) in computational auditory scene analysis, we then extend the model by adding a Grid LSTM layer, that we name it as cuPIT-Grid LSTM, to automatically learn both temporal and spectral patterns over the input magnitude spectrum simultaneously. The experimental results show 9.6% and 8.5% relative improvements on WSJ0-2mix dataset under both closed and open conditions comparing with the uPIT baseline.
Contribution of murine IgG Fc regions to antibody binding to the capsule ofBurkholderia pseudomallei (2016)

Immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) is the predominant IgG subclass elicited in response to polysaccharide antigens in mice. This specific subclass has been shown to crosslink its fragment crystallizable (Fc) regions following binding to multivalent polysaccharides. Crosslinking leads to increased affinity through avidity, which theoretically should lead to more effective protection against bacteria and yeast displaying capsular polysaccharides on their surface. To investigate this further we have analyzed the binding characteristics of 2 IgG monoclonal antibody (mAb) subclass families that bind to the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Burkholderia pseudomallei. The first subclass family originated from an IgG3 hybridoma cell line (3C5); the second family was generated from an IgG1 cell line (2A5). When the Fc region of the 3C5 IgG3 is removed by proteolytic cleavage, the resulting F(ab')2 fragments exhibit decreased affinity compared to the full-length mAb. Similarly, when the parent IgG3 mAb is subclass-switched to IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a, all of these subclasses exhibit decreased affinity. This decrease in affinity is not seen when the 2A5 IgG1 mAb is switched to an IgG2b or IgG2a, strongly suggesting the drop in affinity is related to the IgG3 Fc region.
Interruption of central noradrenergic pathways and morphine withdrawal excitation of oxytocin neurones in the rat (1998)

1. We have tested the hypothesis that morphine withdrawal excitation of oxytocin neurones that follows from administration of naloxone to morphine-dependent rats is a consequence of excitation of noradrenergic neurones. 2. Female rats were made morphine dependent by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of the opioid at increasing doses over 5 days. On the sixth day, the rats were anaesthetized with urethane or pentobarbitone and prepared for blood sampling to determine plasma oxytocin by radioimmunoassay or for in vivo extracellular recording of the firing rate of identified oxytocin neurones from the supraoptic nucleus. Morphine withdrawal was induced by intravenous (i.v.) injection of the opioid antagonist naloxone (5 mg kg-1). 3. In one group of rats the noradrenergic projections to the hypothalamus were lesioned by i.c.v. injection of 6-hydroxydopamine immediately prior to the induction of morphine dependence. In these rats the oxytocin secretion induced by i.v. cholecystokinin was reduced to 9 % of that seen in sham-lesioned rats but in contrast, no attenuation of morphine withdrawal-induced oxytocin secretion was observed. 4. i.c.v. infusion of the alpha1-adrenoreceptor antagonist benoxathian, at up to 5.3 microg min-1, dose- dependently inhibited the withdrawal excitation of oxytocin neurones in morphine-dependent rats under urethane anaesthesia, and benoxathian reduced withdrawal-induced oxytocin secretion to 37 % of that of vehicle-infused rats. i.c.v. benoxathian also inhibited the activity of oxytocin neurones in morphine-naïve rats. Similarly, microdialysis administration of 2 mM benoxathian directly onto the surface of the supraoptic nucleus reduced the activity of oxytocin neurones by 53 %. 5. Thus noradrenergic systems are not essential for the expression of morphine withdrawal excitation, since chronic neurotoxic destruction of the noradrenergic inputs to the hypothalamus did not affect the magnitude of withdrawal-induced oxytocin secretion. However, tonically active noradrenergic inputs influence the excitability of oxytocin neurones, and acute antagonism of this noradrenergic tone can powerfully impair the ability of oxytocin neurones to exhibit morphine withdrawal excitation.
Understanding the Metal-Directed Growth of Single-Crystal M-TCNQF4 Organic Nanowires with Time-Resolved, in Situ X-ray Diffraction and First-Principles Theoretical Studies (2012)

The deterministic growth of oriented crystalline organic nanowires (CONs) from the vapor-solid chemical reaction (VSCR) between small-molecule reactants and metal nanoparticles has been demonstrated in several studies to date; however, the growth mechanism has not yet been conclusively understood. Here, the VSCR growth of M-TCNQF(4) (where M is Cu- or Ag-) nanowires is investigated both experimentally and theoretically with time-resolved, in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and first-principles atomistic calculations, respectively, to understand how metals (M) direct the assembly of small molecules into CONs, and what determines the selectivity of a metal for an organic vapor reactant in the growth process. Analysis of the real-time growth kinetics data using a modified Avrami model indicates that the formation of CONs from VSCR follows a one-dimensional ion diffusion-controlled tip growth mechanism wherein metal ions diffuse from a metal film through the nanowire to its tip where they react with small molecules to continue growth. The experimental data and theoretical calculations indicate that the selectivity of different metals to induce nanowire growth depends strongly upon effective charge transfer between the organic molecules and the metal. Specifically, the experimental finding that Cu ions can exchange and replace Ag ions in Ag-TCNQF(4) to form Cu-TCNQF(4) nanowires is explained by the significantly stronger chemical bond between Cu and TCNQF(4) molecules than for Ag, due to the strong electronic contribution of Cu d-orbitals near the Fermi level. Understanding how to control the VSCR growth process may enable the synthesis of novel organic nanowires with axial or coaxial p/n junctions for organic nanoelectronics and solar energy harvesting.