gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Lived Photoinduced Charge Separation in Flexible 9,10-Bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene−Phenothiazine Dyads (2009)

Photoinduced electron transfer in linked donor−acceptor dyads with bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene as light absorber and acceptor and one or two phenothiazine units as donors was investigated. Absorption spectra of the dyads can be obtained by adding contributions due to the donor and acceptor moieties indicating that the constituents do not interact in the ground state. Fluorescence of bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene core was efficiently quenched by the donor moieties, and this was attributed to electron transfer from the phenothiazine to bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene. Femtosecond transient absorption studies suggested formation of a charge separated state directly from the singlet excited-state of bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene. Nanosecond flash photolysis experiments gave long-lived transient absorptions assignable to the phenothiazine radical cation and bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene radical anion. These assignments were confirmed by oxygen quenching studies and secondary electron transfer experiments. Electron transfer in these systems is analyzed in the light of Marcus theory, and the slow back electron transfer exhibited is attributed to inverted region effects.
Analysis of the IDDM Candidate Gene Prss16 in NOD and NON Mice (2002)

The thymus-specific serine protease Prss16 is highly expressed by the epithelial cells in the thymic cortex. It has been suggested to play an important role in the positive selection of T cells through the antigen presention pathway of the cortical antigen presenting cells. Recently, the gene encoding Prss16 has been linked to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) susceptibility independent of HLA-DR3 suggesting the Prss16 may be involved in the development of autoimmune disease. Due to the similarities of the gene structure and expression pattern between the human and mouse genes, we compared Prss16 between non-obese diabetic (NOD) and non-obese non-diabetic (NON) mice. Analysis of the Prss16 coding region failed to identify any differences in sequence. Northern analysis and semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed that the mRNA was equal in size and abundance in the two strains. In situ hybridization showed similar patterns of staining. Therefore, our data suggests that there is no significant different in the gene structure, transcription level, and expression pattern of Prss16 gene between NOD and NON mice.
Tapping Molecular Wilderness: Drugs from Chemistry–Biology--Biodiversity Interface (2015)

This book is for readers with some background in science, concerning the search for drugs, starting from molecular diversity in nature or molecular wilderness. Drug molecules may be used as such, or as starting points for improved drugs obtained from the interface of chemistry and biology. In some cases, the essential molecular features for drug pr
Soluble Factors–Mediated Immunomodulatory Effects of Canine Adipose Tissue–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2008)

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), which can differentiate into several lineages, have immunomodulatory properties similar to those of bone marrow-derived MSCs. However, the specific mechanism by which the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs occurs is not clear. In this study, we isolated canine AD-MSCs (cAD-MSCs) and induced their development into adipocyte, osteocyte, and neuron-like cells. We then investigated their phenotype and cytokine expression to determine whether they were able to exert an immunomodulatory effect and what the underlying mechanisms of this effect were. cAD-MSCs expressed CD44, CD90, and MHC class I and were also partially positive for the expression of CD34; however, they did not express CD14 and CD45. In addition, they expressed the mRNA of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, CCL5, vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1/2, and cyclooxygenase-2 but not that of IL-10. Further, leukocyte proliferation induced by mitogens was suppressed when they were cocultured with irradiated cAD-MSCs, as well as with culture supernatants of cAD-MSCs alone. Moreover, TNF-alpha production significantly decreased, whereas TGF-beta, IL-6, and interferon-gamma production significantly increased in cAD-MSCs that were cocultured with leukocytes. Finally, immonomodulatory factors of MSCs, such as TGF-beta, HGF, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO), increased significantly in cAD-MSCs that were cocultured with leukocytes; however, the production of PGE2 and IDO showed different kinetics, and leukocyte proliferation was effectively restored by PGE2 and IDO inhibitors. Taken together, these results indicate that the immunomodulatory effects of cAD-MSCs are associated with soluble factors (TGF-beta, HGF, PGE2, and IDO). Therefore, it is suggested that cAD-MSCs have a potential therapeutic use in the treatment of immune-mediated disease.
Scalable Metagrating for Efficient Ultrasonic Focusing (2021)

Acoustic metalenses have been pursued over the past decades due to their pivotal role in a wide variety of applications. Recent research efforts have demonstrated that, at ultrasonic regimes, acoustic levitation can be realized with standing waves, which are created by the interference between incoming and reflected focused waves. However, the conventional gradient-metasurface approach to focus ultrasonic waves is complex, leading to poor scalability. In this work, we propose a design principle for ultrasonic metalenses, based on metagratings---arrays of discrete scatters with coarser features than gradient metasurfaces. We achieve beam focusing by locally controlling the excitation of a single diffraction order with the use of metagratings, with geometry adiabatically varying over the lens aperture. We show that our metalens can effectively focus impinging ultrasonic waves to a focal point with a full width at half maximum of 0.364 of the wavelength. The focusing performance of the metalens is demonstrated experimentally, validating our proposed approach. This metagrating approach to focusing can be adopted for different operating frequencies by scaling the size of the structure, which has coarse features suitable for high-frequency designs, with potential applications ranging from biomedical science to nondestructive testing.
Mid infrared microspectroscopic mapping and imaging: A bio‐analytical tool for spatially and chemically resolved tissue characterization and evaluationof drug permeation within tissues (2007)

The combination of the two classical biophysical methods, microscopy and infrared spectroscopy, has led to the development of a potent analytical technology termed infrared microspectroscopy. It combines high lateral resolution as obtained by microscopy and the chemical identification of the sample components by infrared spectroscopy. The two approaches mainly utilized in microspectroscopy are the mapping and the imaging techniques, which are introduced and presented. Especially, since the development of so called focal plane array detectors, which are implemented in the imaging methods (microspectroscopic imaging) has become a promising bio-analytical tool for ultrastructural medical diagnostics, due to the fact that the time required for analyzing a sample has been reduced dramatically and the lateral resolution improved to approximately 4 microm. Mid infrared microscopy allows a direct access to spatially resolved molecular and structural information of the analyzed area. The image contrast is generated on the basis of the tissue's intrinsic biochemical composition. The current investigation shows how mid infrared microspectroscopic mapping and imaging is used for the bio-analytical characterization and identification of specific molecular components of a tissue sample at high lateral resolution of a few microns (approaching the mid infrared diffraction limit). Furthermore, the potential of these methods for monitoring the penetration and distribution of drugs within biological tissues are presented. Due to the fact, that mid infrared microspectroscopy is a noninvasive, nondestructive technique for the analyzed sample, requiring no complicated and time consuming staining procedures, it is a convenient method for histological and pathological investigations, allowing the generation of a huge amount of biochemical information not yet available with other nonvibrational techniques. The strength of the presented microscopic technique is the fact that the infrared images are directly comparable to outcomes of classical histological staining procedures and can be interpreted by nonspectroscopists.
Revalidation of radical mastoidectomy cavities: reconstruction with bone dust and bio-materials. (1987)

The joint use of biocompatible ceramic granules coated with a thin layer of bone dust and temporalis fascia would appear to us to offer a solution in the rehabilitation of the radical mastoidectomy cavity. The practical simplicity and the plasticity of the system, as well as the excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity of the materials used, combine to make this a highly satisfactory procedure.
Induction and decay of functional complement-fixing antibodies by the RTS,S malaria vaccine in children, and a negative impact of malaria exposure (2019)

We demonstrate for the first time that RTS,S can induce complement-fixing antibodies in young malaria-exposed children. The short-lived nature of functional responses mirrors the declining vaccine efficacy of RTS,S over time. The negative influence of age and malaria exposure on functional antibodies has implications for understanding vaccine efficacy in different settings. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms and longevity of vaccine-induced immunity that will help inform the future development of highly efficacious and long-lasting malaria vaccines.
Cow's Milk Exposure and Type I Diabetes Mellitus: A critical overview of the clinical literature (1994)

Early cow's milk exposure may be an important determinant of subsequent type I diabetes and may increase the risk approximately 1.5 times.
Direct Oxygenation of Benzene to Phenol Using Quinolinium Ions as Homogeneous Photocatalysts (2011)

Die Oxidation von Benzol zu Phenol mit Sauerstoff und Wasser erfolgte in Gegenwart des 3-Cyano-1-methylchinoliniumions als Photokatalysator unter Normalbedingungen (siehe Bild). Der Reaktionsmechanismus wurde durch Detektion des π-dimeren Benzolradikalkations, das beim lichtinduzierten Elektronentransfer von Benzol zum Photokatalysator entsteht, und durch Beobachtung der Reaktion von Radikalkationen mit Wassermolekülen aufgeklärt. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Nonstorm time dropout of radiation belt electron fluxes on 24 September 2013 (2016)

Abstract Radiation belt electron flux dropouts during the main phase of geomagnetic storms have received increasing attention in recent years. Here we focus on a rarely reported nonstorm time dropout event observed by Van Allen Probes on 24 September 2013. Within several hours, the radiation belt electron fluxes exhibited a significant (up to 2 orders of magnitude) depletion over a wide range of radial distances ( L &gt; 4.5), energies (∼500 keV to several MeV) and equatorial pitch angles (0°≤ α e ≤180°). STEERB simulations show that the relativistic electron loss in the region L = 4.5–6.0 was primarily caused by the pitch angle scattering of observed plasmaspheric hiss and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. Our results emphasize the complexity of radiation belt dynamics and the importance of wave‐driven precipitation loss even during nonstorm times.
Pteridines. XXIX. Unequivocal route to 2,4-diamino-6-substituted pteridines (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPteridines. XXIX. Unequivocal route to 2,4-diamino-6-substituted pteridinesEdward C. Taylor, Katherine L. Perlman, Young-Ho. Kim, Ian P. Sword, and Peter A. JacobiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 19, 6413–6418Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00800a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00800a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views398Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel, cyclic and bicyclic 1,3-diols as catalysts for the diethylzinc addition to aldehydes (2002)

A number of optically pure 1,3-diols have been synthesized and used as catalysts in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes. Enantiomeric excesses of up to 92% of (R)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol were obtained with anisylbicyclo[2.2.2]octanediol (14) as a catalyst. Using 2-picolylbicyclo[2.2.2]ocatanediol (16) as the catalyst resulted in a reversal of the stereoselectivity, yielding (S)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol in 83% ee. A pronounced positive non-linear effect was observed when varying the enantiomeric purity of catalyst 14.
Metal‐Free Benzodithiophene‐Containing Organic Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2012)

Abstract Two new metal‐free organic dyes, CR29 and CR52 , with high extinction coefficients in the visible spectral region between 400–650 nm, have been synthesized. The donor–acceptor structure of the dyes feature benzodithiophene moieties BDT 1 and BDT as rigid π‐conjugated spacers, which have so far been very little studied for dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. DFT/TDDFT calculations have been employed to guide the design of the chromophores as well as to shed light on their electronic and optical properties. Photophysical and electrochemical characterization studies have been carried out to gather information on the charge transfer processes occurring at the dye–semiconductor interfaces. Under standard AM 1.5 conditions, DSSC sensitized with CR29 showed good conversion efficiencies: 5.14 % in the liquid electrolyte cell setup and 2.47 % in the solid‐state DSSC.
Incremental diagnostic information obtained via novel Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI framework applied on Multiple Sclerosis patients: A preliminary study (2018)

Accurate determination of disease activity by detection of the acute, inflammatory Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions, with blood brain barrier disruption and contrast enhancement is critical for clinicians because it affects diagnosis and treatment. In this work, a new Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) protocol was investigated in conjunction with different pharmacokinetic (PK) models in order to define a well-designed workflow for DCE MRI analysis of acute, active MS lesions. This time extended protocol, achieved to double the perfusion time by extending the overall MRI acquisition less than two minutes. Four patients with early relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis were analyzed with two different DCE protocols and three PK models. The statistical comparison of the different approaches, including biomarkers and metrics of goodness of fit, showed that extension of the DCE imaging time, the so called `Snaps' protocol, combined with the extended Tofts model PK analysis, achieved the characterization of 15% more pixels into acute, active MS lesions in terms of fitting low enhancement pixels, and resulted in more accurate detection of the active lesion area. To this end, a novel DCE acquisition framework is presented herein that achieved to double the perfusion time by loading the protocol duration less than two minutes, and as a result a better characterization of active MS lesions in terms of fitting accuracy and size of the lesion was achieved.
Application of High-Resolution Airborne EM and Magnetic Data in a Mining Environment for Geotechnical Information (2021)

Summary We present an overview of an ambitious geophysical program undertaken by Vale to characterize both tailings storage facilities (TSF) properties around existing mine sites as well as an exploration program for iron ore. Historic magnetics data, geological surveying, borehole information and newly-collected RESOLVE® helicopter frequency domain electromagnetics (EM) and magnetic gradient data is being modelled with 3D joint inversion. We outline the survey goals, data collected, and inversion modeling methodology and show some of the emerging results.
Schnellnachweis von Campylobacter jejuni und Campylobacter coli aus Lebensmittelvoranreicherungen mittels Real-Time-PCR sowie immunomagnetischer Separation (2005)

Campylobacter jejuni und coli zählen mittlerweile zu den häufigsten bakteriellen Durchfallerregern in Europa und Amerika. Laut Robert-Koch Institut stehen die lebensmittelbedingten Infektionen mit thermophilen Campylobactern in Deutschland mit bereits über 45000 gemeldeten Fällen bis November 2004 an zweiter Stelle nach den Salmonellosen.
Extreme multiexciton emission from deterministically assembled single-emitter subwavelength plasmonic patch antennas (2020)

Coupling nano-emitters to plasmonic antennas is a key milestone for the development of nanoscale quantum light sources. One challenge, however, is the precise nanoscale positioning of the emitter in the structure. Here, we present a laser etching protocol that deterministically positions a single colloidal CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dot emitter inside a subwavelength plasmonic patch antenna with three-dimensional nanoscale control. By exploiting the properties of metal-insulator-metal structures at the nanoscale, the fabricated single-emitter antenna exhibits a very high-Purcell factor (>72) and a brightness enhancement of a factor of 70. Due to the unprecedented quenching of Auger processes and the strong acceleration of the multiexciton emission, more than 4 photons per pulse can be emitted by a single quantum dot, thus increasing the device yield. Our technology can be applied to a wide range of photonic nanostructures and emitters, paving the way for scalable and reliable fabrication of ultra-compact light sources.
Prevalence of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of invasive strains of pneumococcus in children: analysis of 9 years (2009)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-24T13:58:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-11-01
Position paper on diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis (2005)

The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is made using evaluated clinical criteria. Management of AD must consider the symptomatic variability of the disease. It is based on hydrating topical treatment, and avoidance of specific and unspecific provocation factors. Anti-inflammatory treatment is used for exacerbation management. Topical corticosteroids remain the first choice. Systemic anti-inflammatory treatment should be kept to a minimum, but may be necessary in rare refractory cases. The new topical calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and pimecrolimus) expand the available choices of topical anti-inflammatory treatment. Microbial colonization and superinfection (e.g. with Staphylococcus aureus, Malassezia furfur) can have a role in disease exacerbation and can justify the use of antimicrobials in addition to the anti-inflammatory treatment. Evidence for the efficacy of systemic antihistamines in relieving pruritus is still insufficient, but some patients seem to benefit. Adjuvant therapy includes ultraviolet (UV) irradiation preferably of UVA wavelength; UVB 311 nm has also been used successfully. Dietary recommendations should be specific and only given in diagnosed individual food allergy. Stress-induced exacerbations may make psychosomatic counselling recommendable. 'Eczema school' educational programmes have proved to be helpful.
Power electronics - The key technology for Renewable Energy Systems (2014)

The energy paradigms in many countries (e.g. Germany and Denmark) have experienced a significant change from fossil-based resources to clean renewables (e.g. wind turbines and photovoltaics) in the past few decades. The scenario of highly penetrated renewables is going to be further enhanced - Denmark expects to be 100 % fossil-free by 2050. Consequently, it is required that the production, distribution and use of the energy should be as technologically efficient as possible and incentives to save energy at the end-user should also be strengthened. In order to realize the transition smoothly and effectively, energy conversion systems, currently based on power electronics technology, will again play an essential role in this energy paradigm shift. Using highly efficient power electronics in power generation, power transmission/distribution and end-user application, together with advanced control solutions, can pave the way for renewable energies. In light of this, some of the most emerging renewable energies, e.g. wind energy and photovoltaic, which by means of power electronics are changing character as a major part in the electricity generation, are explored in this paper. Issues like technology development, implementation, power converter technologies, control of the systems, and synchronization are addressed. Special focuses are paid on the future trends in power electronics for those systems like how to lower the cost of energy and to develop emerging power devices and better reliability tool.
Genome-wide association of functional traits linked with Campylobacter jejuni survival from farm to fork (2016)

Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, primarily associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry. C. jejuni lineages vary in host range and prevalence in human infection, suggesting differences in survival throughout the poultry processing chain. From 7,343 MLST-characterised isolates, we sequenced 600 C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from various stages of poultry processing and clinical cases. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) in C. jejuni ST-21 and ST-45 complexes identified genetic elements over-represented in clinical isolates that increased in frequency throughout the poultry processing chain. Disease-associated SNPs were distinct in these complexes, sometimes organised in haplotype blocks. The function of genes containing associated elements was investigated, demonstrating roles for cj1377c in formate metabolism, nuoK in aerobic survival and oxidative respiration, and cj1368-70 in nucleotide salvage. This work demonstrates the utility of GWAS for investigating transmission in natural zoonotic pathogen populations and provides evidence that major C. jejuni lineages have distinct genotypes associated with survival, within the host specific niche, from farm to fork.