gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aldehyde Binding through Reversible C–C Coupling with the Pincer Ligand upon Alcohol Dehydrogenation by a PNP–Ruthenium Catalyst (2012)

Primary alcohol dehydrogenation by a PNP-Ru(II) catalyst was probed by low-temperature NMR experiments. Facile dehydrogenation occurred at -30 °C, but the resulting aldehydes were not found in solution, as they were trapped by the catalyst through a new mode of metal-ligand cooperation involving Ru-O coordination and an unusual, highly reversible C-C coupling with the PNP pincer ligand.
Materials based on aluminum and iron oxides obtained by the hydrothermal method (2014)

The influence of the relation [Al3+] : [Fe3+] on the phase composition and morphology of the products obtained by the hydrothermal method using solutions of salts of metals and combined sols of aluminum and iron (3+) hydroxides has been studied. The hydrothermal treatment of solutions of salts of aluminum and iron (3+) results in the formation of hematite of a cylindrical or capsular shape, while by the treatment of sols, depending on the relation [Al3+] : [Fe3+], it is possible to obtain particles of hematite with an ellipsoidal shape or bundles of amorphous AlOOH.
Supplementary Dataset 2 from Characterizing Macrophage Diversity in Metastasis-Bearing Lungs Reveals a Lipid-Associated Macrophage Subset (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Differential gene expression analysis of biological replicate 2.&lt;/p&gt;
Intensity-modulated Stereotactic Radiotherapy of Paraspinal Tumors: A Preliminary Report (2004)

IMRT was effective for treating pain and improving functional radiculopathy in patients with metastatic and primary tumors. Although long-term tumor control is not established in this study, high-dose tumoral irradiation can be performed without causing radiation myelopathy in more than 1 year of follow-up.
Inclusion of the Mesentery in Ileocolic Resection for Crohn’s Disease is Associated With Reduced Surgical Recurrence (2018)

Inclusion of mesentery in ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease is associated with reduced recurrence requiring reoperation.
Assisted hatching in an in vitro fertilization programme. (1996)

Assisted hatching was performed on 37 women (IVF, n = 12; micromanipulation, n = 25), who were at risk of poor implantation after in vitro fertilization and micromanipulation, and who had previous cycles of failed implantation. A total of 292 oocytes was retrieved (7.9 per cycle) of which 90 were subjected to IVF and 202 were micromanipulated. Assisted hatching was performed on day 3 of culture, on six- to eight-cell embryos, by the technique of mechanical partial zona dissection. All the patients undergoing the procedure of assisted hatching had embryos with thick zonae, greater than 15 microns. Assisted hatching was performed on 39 embryos (55.7%) in the IVF group and 104 embryos (77.6%) in the micromanipulation group. The damage rate after hatching was 1.4%. The pregnancy rate per cycle was 50% in the IVF group and 44% in the micromanipulation group, compared with 10% (IVF) and 19.2% (micromanipulation) in the control groups. Assisted hatching, by partial zona dissection, results in significant improvement in pregnancy rates in women more than 38 years of age, who have a thick zona and with previous poor implantation results. This paper reports the first pregnancy in India by the technique of assisted hatching (partial zona dissection).
Genome Sequencing and Analysis of a Type A Clostridium perfringens Isolate from a Case of Bovine Clostridial Abomasitis (2012)

Clostridium perfringens is a common inhabitant of the avian and mammalian gastrointestinal tracts and can behave commensally or pathogenically. Some enteric diseases caused by type A C. perfringens, including bovine clostridial abomasitis, remain poorly understood. To investigate the potential basis of virulence in strains causing this disease, we sequenced the genome of a type A C. perfringens isolate (strain F262) from a case of bovine clostridial abomasitis. The ∼3.34 Mbp chromosome of C. perfringens F262 is predicted to contain 3163 protein-coding genes, 76 tRNA genes, and an integrated plasmid sequence, Cfrag (∼18 kb). In addition, sequences of two complete circular plasmids, pF262C (4.8 kb) and pF262D (9.1 kb), and two incomplete plasmid fragments, pF262A (48.5 kb) and pF262B (50.0 kb), were identified. Comparison of the chromosome sequence of C. perfringens F262 to complete C. perfringens chromosomes, plasmids and phages revealed 261 unique genes. No novel toxin genes related to previously described clostridial toxins were identified: 60% of the 261 unique genes were hypothetical proteins. There was a two base pair deletion in virS, a gene reported to encode the main sensor kinase involved in virulence gene activation. Despite this frameshift mutation, C. perfringens F262 expressed perfringolysin O, alpha-toxin and the beta2-toxin, suggesting that another regulation system might contribute to the pathogenicity of this strain. Two complete plasmids, pF262C (4.8 kb) and pF262D (9.1 kb), unique to this strain of C. perfringens were identified.
The stereochemistry of organometallic compounds. XXIII. Synthesis of a chiral diphosphinite (diphin) and evaluation of its use as a ligand for asymmetric catalysis (1982)

(+)-(3S,4S)-Tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl bis(diphenylphosphinite) [(+)-diphin] has been synthesized and its efficiency as a ligand in asymmetric hydrogenation, hydrocyanation and hydroformylation compared with closely related diphosphine, diphosphinite and diphosphite ligands.
Multiple UAV based Spatio-Temporal Task Assignment using Fast Elitist Multi Objective Evolutionary Approaches (2020)

Recent advancements in technology have led to a great interest in the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for a vast array of applications such as real time site monitoring, target search and destroy and UAVs being used as mobile sinks to collect data from Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This is mainly due to their autonomy, high mobility, ease of deployment and affordable nature. A group of UAVs can be used collectively to bring a coordinated effort in task execution, allowing more tasks to be completed in a wider area and in the shortest possible time. However, using multiple UAVs presents some challenges for efficient cooperation. UAVs are resource constrained due to being battery powered and this limits the permissible flight time. Therefore, it is necessary to intelligently manage their operation given the limited resources and other constraints associated with the mission. In this paper, we propose a multi-objective UAV task assignment model to support spatio-temporally distributed events raised by static IoT devices, using a discrete Non- Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). This model assigns the most suitable UAV(s) to serve at the different event locations ensuring that none of the constraints are violated. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated through numerical simulations and compared to a similar implementation using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). Results show an improvement of 7.9% in the total energy consumption for all UAVs while ensuring that all the temporal constraints are not violated.
Multicentre evaluation of a rule-based data filter for home monitoring of implanted cardioverter defibrillators (2006)

We developed a rule-based data filter for the automatic interpretation of data transmitted from implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). The feasibility and user acceptability of the data filter were tested in a multicentre study. Fifteen European centres analysed 10 cases each. The cases represented ICD follow-up findings, e.g. new tachycardia, battery depletion or sensing defects. The mean follow-up period was 68 days (SD 35). A questionnaire was used to collect information regarding the functionality and general concept of automatic data interpretation. A score of five or above (range 1-9) was classified as acceptable. According to the questionnaires, there was a high degree of satisfaction with the general concept of automatic data interpretation (mean 6.7, SD 1.2) and with user guidance (mean 7.1, SD 0.8). Safety (mean 7.0, SD 1.4) and accuracy (mean 6.7, SD 1.4) of the evaluation of device-related and clinical problems were regarded as high. Support in daily routine was considered to be high (mean 7.3, SD 1.1) as the system was easy to understand (mean 7.5, SD 0.9). The results indicated a high user acceptance with easy system handling.
On the accuracy of estimating the parameters of a regular stationary process (1996)

Any regular stationary random processes can be represented as the sum of a purely indeterministic process and a deterministic one. This paper considers the achievable accuracy in the joint estimation of the parameters of these two components, from a single observed realization of the process. An exact form of the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) is derived, as well as a conditional CRB. The relationships between these bounds, and their relations to the previously derived asymptotic bound, are explored by analysis and numerical examples.
Development and three-dimensional modelling of a biological-tissue grasper tool equipped with a tactile sensor (2005)

New surgical procedures, such as minimally invasive surgeries, separate the surgeons hands from the site of an operation. As a result, the surgeons perception of touch is limited to his/her visual abilities fed back from a video camera located at the end of an endoscope. To compensate for this restriction, this study investigates the design, fabrication, testing, and mathematical modelling of an endoscopic grasper tool in which a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) tactile sensor is incorporated. The entire surface of the grasper jaw is active and can be utilized as a means of detecting the magnitude and application point of the applied force. This is in contrast to array-type tactile sensors, in which the areas located between the adjacent sensing elements are inactive. The sensor assembly consists of three distinct layers. The lower layer is made of Plexiglas, while the upper layer is made from micromachined silicon. PVDF film is placed between the upper and lower layers and forms the middle layer. Three-dimensional finite element modelling is used to analyze the performance of the designed system. Good correspondence is obtained between the experimental data and the modelling predictions.
Managing Climate Risk in the U.S. Financial System (2020)

This publication serves as a roadmap for exploring and managing climate risk in the U.S. financial system. It is the first major climate publication by a U.S. financial regulator. The central message is that U.S. financial regulators must recognize that climate change poses serious emerging risks to the U.S. financial system, and they should move urgently and decisively to measure, understand, and address these risks. Achieving this goal calls for strengthening regulators’ capabilities, expertise, and data and tools to better monitor, analyze, and quantify climate risks. It calls for working closely with the private sector to ensure that financial institutions and market participants do the same. And it calls for policy and regulatory choices that are flexible, open-ended, and adaptable to new information about climate change and its risks, based on close and iterative dialogue with the private sector. At the same time, the financial community should not simply be reactive—it should provide solutions. Regulators should recognize that the financial system can itself be a catalyst for investments that accelerate economic resilience and the transition to a net-zero emissions economy. Financial innovations, in the form of new financial products, services, and technologies, can help the U.S. economy better manage climate risk and help channel more capital into technologies essential for the transition.
Replication of an empirical approach to delineate the heterogeneity of chronic unexplained fatigue (2009)

These data support the hypothesis that chronic medically unexplained fatigue is heterogeneous and can be delineated into discrete endophenotypes that can be replicated. The data do not support the current perception that CFS represents a unique homogeneous disease and suggests broader criteria may be more explanatory. This replication suggests that delineation of endophenotypes of CFS and associated ill health may be necessary in order to better understand etiology and provide more patient-focused treatments.
Trypsin and chymotrypsin as indicators of nutritional status of post‐weaned sea bass larvae (2007)

The aim of the present work was to evaluate to what extent variation in the activity of either trypsin or chymotrypsin could be a sensitive and reliable indicator of nutritional deficiencies during post‐weaning stages in a marine fish. Sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax larvae obtained from two different spawns classified as high quality (HQ) or low quality (LQ) on the basis of their hatching variables, were used to evaluate if enzyme production could be conditioned by factors other than those related to the feeding regime. In addition, larvae in each group were either fed normally or received a ration reduced by 60%. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were separately measured in larvae at days 3 and 15 after weaning. Changes in mass and final survival were also recorded. Food limitation resulted in a lower final mass only in the HQ larvae. Survival was significantly higher in HQ larvae, but also in larvae suffering food restriction, irrespective of the quality of the spawn. In both groups of larvae, lower food availability was correlated to increased values of trypsin, and particularly, of chymotrypsin. Variations were high enough to support the usefulness of such enzymes as indicators of a modified nutritional status. It is suggested that the noticeable increase in the activity of both enzymes observed in the restrictedly fed larvae could compensate initial deficiencies and explain the good results in growth and survival obtained in LQ larvae.
3D optical coherence refraction tomography using a parabolic mirror (2022)

Well-known limitations of optical coherence tomography (OCT) include deleterious speckle noise and relatively poor lateral resolution (typically >10 μm) due the tradeoff between lateral resolution and depth of focus. To address these limitations, we present 3D optical coherence refraction tomography (OCRT), which computationally combines 3D volumes from two rotational axes to form a 3D reconstruction with substantially reduced speckle noise and enhanced lateral resolution. Our approach features a parabolic mirror as the objective, which enables multi-view OCT volume acquisition over up to ±75° without moving the sample. We demonstrate 3D OCRT on a phantom sample and several biological samples, revealing new structures that are missed in conventional OCT.
Modeling oxidation induced crack healing in non-oxide ceramics and metallo-ceramics (abstract) (2011)

Recently it has been shown for non-oxide ceramics [1] and metallo-ceramics (in particular MAX phase ceramics [2,3]) that surface cracks can heal very effectively upon exposure to air at high temperatures, leading to a partial and sometimes an almost complete restoration of the (tensile) mechanical properties [4]. This high crack healing efficiency far exceeds that of diffusive healing of two fracture surfaces in contact [5,6] and is due to the formation of (a mixture of ) oxides creating an almost dense deposit in the crack. For well-performing systems three requirements have been identified: (i) the oxide must adhere very well to the matrix material of the crack faces; (ii) oxidation must induces volume expansion, allowing the crack filling with oxides; (iii) the initial crack width must not exceed the thickness of the oxide layer formed. Therefore, the oxidation behavior of the crack surface plays a critical role on the crack healing and the subsequent strength recovery of the cracked ceramics. In this work we present a model to describe and quantify the healing efficiency of oxidative crack healing of such high temperature ceramics as a function of the exposure conditions, the oxidation kinetics and the volume expansion upon oxidation. The model is based on geometrical consideration related to crack filling as well as stress transfer across an irregular crack with partial contact along the length of the crack. The model is applied to the most promising self healing high temperature materials such as SiC, Ti3AlC2, Ti2AlC, and Cr2AlC. Figure 1 shows a V-notch crack in a non-oxide ceramics. Figure 2 shows that the evolution of the crack length in Figure 1 with healing time at various temperatures. The model calculations are supported by both 3-point bend test experiments on healed samples as well as by X-ray tomographic experiments on healed and partially healed samples G. M. Song. S. B. Li, W. G. Sloof and S. van der Zwaag Figure 1: A V-notch crack Figure 2: The healed crack length vs healing time
A Closed-Loop, All-Electronic Pixel-Wise Adaptive Imaging System for High Dynamic Range Videography (2020)

Digital cameras expose and readout all pixels in accordance with a global sample clock. This rigid global control of exposure and sampling is problematic for capturing scenes with large variance in brightness and motion, and may cause regions of motion blur, under- and overexposure. To address these issues, we developed a CMOS imaging system that automatically adjusts each pixel's exposure and sampling rate to fit local motion and brightness. This system consists of an image sensor with pixel-addressable exposure configurability in combination with a real-time, per-pixel exposure controller. It operates in a closed-loop to sample, detect and optimize each pixel's exposure and sampling rate for optimal acquisition. Per-pixel exposure control is implemented using all-integrated electronics without external optical modulation. This reduces system complexity and power consumption compared to existing solutions. Implemented using standard 130nm CMOS process, the chip has 256 × 256 pixels and consumes 7.31mW. To evaluate performance, we used this system to capture scenes with complex lighting and motion conditions that would lead to loss of information for globally-exposed cameras. These results demonstrate the advantage of pixel-wise adaptive imaging for a range of computer vision tasks such as segmentation, motion estimation and object recognition.
Identification of a transcriptional profile associated with in vitro invasion in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (2004)

Although much has been learned about basic mechanisms of cell invasion, the genes whose expression is required for this process by malignant cell lines have remained obscure. We assessed invasion through Matrigel using EGF as a chemoattractant and gene expression profiles using oligonucleotide microarrays for 22 non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. The expression of 22 genes were significantly correlated (p < 0.001) with the measured invasion index. Cluster analysis demonstrated that gene expression profiles classify the cell lines into low and high invasive subgroups. Considering invasiveness as a dichotomous variable, Bayesian analysis was used to identify genes that have the highest probability of being differentially expressed between the high and low invasion groups. This analysis identified 16 genes whose expression was associated with invasiveness. "Leave one out" cross validation was 91% accurate. Nine genes were identified in both correlation and Bayesian analyses. Seven of the nine genes were negatively associated with invasion and four of those genes are plasma membrane proteins. The two genes with the highest inverse association with invasion, TACSTD1 and CLDN3, are involved with cell adhesion and cell-cell interactions, respectively. Interestingly, the gene with the highest positive association with invasion, SERPINE1 (PAI-1), is a protease inhibitor. These and the other genes identified by both analyses represent targets for further study to assess their importance in non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis.
Edge-plasmon assisted electro-optical modulator (2019)

An efficient electro-optical modulation has been demonstrated here by using an edge-plasmon mode specific for the hybrid plasmonic waveguide. Our approach addresses a major obstacle of the integrated microwave photonics caused by the polarization constraints of both active and passive components. In addition to subwavelength confinement, typical for surface plasmon polaritons, the edge-plasmon modes enable exact matching of the polarization requirements for silicon based input/output grating couplers, waveguides, and electro-optical modulators. A concept of the hybrid waveguide, implemented in a sandwichlike structure, implies a coupling of propagating plasmon modes with a waveguide mode. The vertically arranged sandwich includes a thin layer of epsilon-near-zero material (indium tin oxide) providing an efficient modulation at small length scales. Employed edge plasmons possess a mixed polarization state and can be excited with horizontally polarized waveguide modes. It allows the resulting modulator to work directly with efficient grating couplers and avoid using bulky and lossy polarization converters. A 3D optical model based on Maxwell equations combined with drift-diffusion semiconductor equations is developed. Numerically heavy computations involving the optimization of materials and geometry have been performed. Effective modes, stationary state field distribution, an extinction coefficient, optical losses, and charge transport properties are computed and analyzed. In addition to the polarization matching, the advantages of the proposed model include the compact planar geometry of the silicon waveguide, reduced active electric resistance $R$ and a relatively simple design, attractive for experimental realization.
Electromagnetic detection of dielectric cylinders by a neural network approach (1999)

The neural network approach is applied to the detection of cylindric objects as well as their geometric and electrical characteristics inside a given investigation domain. The electric field values scattered by the object and available at a small number of locations are fed into the network, whose output is the dielectric permittivity, and the location and radius of the cylinder. The results are evaluated using different sets of testing data, and the dependence of the various output parameters to the input are considered. The algorithm performance shows that the approach is able to solve the inverse scattering problem quickly. This may be useful for real-time remote-sensing applications.
Pulmonary Pseudotumours and Asbestos (1980)

Ten patients are described in whom a localized reaction in the visceral pleura developed comparatively rapidly, involving parts of the underlying lung parenchyma, forming an atelectatic pseudotumour. The lesions were mistaken for pulmonary malignancy, leading to thoracotomy in 5 patients. It is suggested that these lesions can occur many years after exposure to asbestos and that they are sequelae of benign pleurisy. Computer tomography is of great value in these cases and may obviate thoracotomy.
Periodic Transconductance Oscillations in Sub-100nm MOSFETs (1997)

In this paper the low temperature (4.2 ≤ T ≤ 35 K) behaviour of MOSFET’s with channel lengths down to 30 nm is analysed. Unexpected periodic transconductance oscillations are found in the drain current (Id) versus gate voltage (Vg) characteristics. Transconductance oscillations are present both for pMOS and nMOS devices. The drain current versus drain voltage characteristics of nMOSFET’s indicates anomalous conductance fluctuations, too.