gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase III trial (E5592) comparing cisplatin plus etoposide with cisplatin plus paclitaxel at two dose levels for treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. (1995)

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Only about 30% of patients present with surgically resectable (and thus curable) disease. Because existing chemotherapeutic regimens are never curative in advanced NSCLC and because the median survival time is only modestly increased, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) has concentrated on a broad phase II testing program designed to identify new agents with activity against the disease. Of the more than one dozen drugs that have been thus evaluated during the past 10 years, only paclitaxel (Taxol) has been shown to result in an objective response rate of more than 20%. To determine if the paclitaxel-containing regimen can increase survival, ECOG has, therefore, embarked on a phase III trial (E5592) in which patients with stage IV NSCLC are randomly assigned to receive either cisplatin plus etoposide (the current standard chemotherapy) or cisplatin plus paclitaxel. The trial design should also help to determine the appropriate dose of paclitaxel in this clinical setting.
Intelligent Completion or Well Intervention Robot? (2017)

Abstract Well interventions represent one of the main operational expenditure (OPEX) in the O&amp;G industry, especially in offshore fields. Historically, high cost of semi submersible rigs or drillships and long time to acomplish them have restricted the offshore well interventions. Based on this, the O&amp;G industry has developed technologies in order to perform offshore well interventions in an economically viable way. Riserless well intervention (RLWI), intelligent completion (IC) and intervention robot (IR) are relatively new technologies and recently gained importance in the O&amp;G industry. Therefore, this paper details the operations and values of IC, RLWI, and IR technologies. Moreover, we analyze and compare those technologies, confronting them against the known production loss problems that require well intervention. The objective is indicating which technologies are feasiable for the future well intervention on subsea wells.
N+2 Advanced Low NOx Combustor Technology Final Report (2017)

In accordance with NASAs technology goals for future subsonic vehicles, this contract identified and developed new combustor concepts toward meeting N+2 generation (2020) LTO (landing and take-off) NOx emissions reduction goal of 75 from the standard adopted at Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection 6 (CAEP6). Based on flame tube emissions, operability, and autoignition testing, one concept was down selected for sector testing at NASA. The N+2 combustor sector successfully demonstrated 75 reduction for LTO NOx (vs. CAEP6) and cruise NOx (vs. 2005 B777-200 reference) while maintaining 99.9 cruise efficiency and no increase in CO and HC emissions.The program also developed enabling technologies for the combustion system including ceramic matrix composites (CMC) liner materials, active combustion control concepts, and laser ignition for improved altitude relight.
Real-time distributed tracking with non-overlapping cameras (2010)

We present a real-time distributed system for tracking with non-overlapping camera views. Each camera performs multi-object tracking, and cameras communicate with each other in a peer-to-peer manner for consistent labeling. To match objects across non-overlapping views, we employ multiple features, namely color histogram, height, travel time and speed. First, camera configuration and reference values of different features are learned in the training phase. Then, we combine multiple evidences by computing an overall similarity score, which is a weighted sum of the similarity scores of different features. Communication and frame processing run in parallel and share memory. Experimental results show the success of the presented system in real-time tracking with non-overlapping cameras and in handling merge cases.
Conjugate Addition of Organocuprates to Chiral Bicyclic δ-Lactams. Enantioselective Synthesis of cis-3,4-Disubstituted and 3,4,5-Trisubstituted Piperidines (2001)

[reaction: see text] Chiral nonracemic bicyclic lactam 3, easily accessible by cyclodehydration of (R)-phenylglycinol and racemic methyl 4-formylhexanoate, was converted to the unsaturated lactams 5, which undergo the stereoselective conjugate addition of lower order cyanocuprates to ultimately lead to enantiopure cis-3,4-disubstituted and 3,4,5-trisubstituted piperidines.
On-line NMR detection in capillary electrophoresis using an RF microcoil (2002)

The goal of this research is the development of a capillary electrophoresis nuclear magnetic resonance (CENMR) detector. Using an RF microcoil, this technique has a detection limit of the order of nanograms.
Physics Of InP/InGaAs Heterostructure Bipolar Transistors For EHF Applications (1989)

A detailed examination of the physics of the InP based heterostructure bipolar transistors is reported. The governing drift and diffusion and Poisson&apos;s equations are solved numerically in two dimensions. The results show current gain as high as 26300 and an fT of 78.6 GHz for an InP/InGa As/InP double heterostructure. The electric field profiles from the simulation are used in an adjunct Monte Carlo procedure to assess the effects of velocity overshoot. The Monte Carlo results indicate a substantial reduction in base and collector transit times from the corresponding drift and diffusion equation (DDE) simulations.
Green Cloudlet Network: A Sustainable Platform for Mobile Cloud Computing (2017)

In the Green Cloudlet Network (GCN) architecture, each User Equipment (UE) is associated with an Avatar (a private virtual machine for executing its UE's offloaded tasks) in a cloudlet located at the network edge. In order to reduce the operational expenditure for maintaining the distributed cloudlets, each cloudlet is powered by green energy and uses on-grid power as a backup. Owing to the spatial dynamics of energy demands and green energy generations, the energy gap (i.e., energy demand minus green energy generation) among different cloudlets in the network is unbalanced, i.e., some cloudlets' energy demands can be fully provisioned by their green energy generations but others need to utilize on-grid power to meet their energy demands. The unbalanced energy gap increases the on-grid power consumption of the cloudlets. In this paper, we propose the Green-energy aware Avatar Placement (GAP) strategy to minimize the total on-grid power consumption of the cloudlets by migrating Avatars among the cloudlets according to the cloudlets' residual green energy, while guaranteeing the service level agreement (the End-to-End (E2E) delay requirement between a UE and its Avatar). Simulation results show that GAP can save 57.1 and 57.6 percent of on-grid power consumption as compared to the two other Avatar placement strategies, i.e., Static Avatar Placement and Follow me AvataR, respectively.
General Multi-key Searchable Encryption (2015)

We analysis outsourced server with multi-users and classify the data sharing into two main types. We focus on the data sharing between users in Searchable Encryption and the corresponding security goal. Then we present a general scheme for Searchable Encryption in which the cipher text can be generated from parameter by authorized users. With the concept of homomorphism and one-way function, we construct a general model to illustrate and fulfill the goals involved. We also promote such a model to a general Multi-Key Searchable Encryption which enables only a single submission for the retrievals in the documents encrypted by different keys. We also give two concrete examples to illustrate the feasibility and security in such a general model.
Structural brain alterations in youth with psychosis and bipolar spectrum symptoms (2018)

Abstract Objective Adults with established diagnoses of serious mental illness (bipolar disorder and schizophrenia) exhibit structural brain abnormalities, yet less is known about how such abnormalities manifest earlier in development. Methods We analyzed the data publicly available from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC). Structural magnetic resonance neuroimaging data (sMRI) were collected on a subset of the PNC (N=989, ages 9-22 years old). We calculated measures of cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA), along with subcortical volumes. Study participants were assessed for psychiatric symptomatology via structured interview and the following groups were created: typically developing (TD, N=376), psychosis spectrum (PS, N=113), bipolar spectrum (BP, N=117), and BP + PS (N=109). We examined group and developmental differences in sMRI measures. We also examined to what extent any structural aberration was related to neurocognition, global functioning, and clinical symptomatology. Results In comparison to all other groups, PS youth exhibited significantly reduced SA in orbitofrontal, cingulate, precentral, and postcentral regions. PS youth also exhibited reduced thalamic volume in comparison to all other groups. Strongest effects for precentral and posterior cingulate SA reductions were seen during early adolescence (ages 13-15) in PS youth. Strongest effects for reductions in thalamic volume and orbitofrontal and postcentral SA were observed in mid-adolescence (16-18 years) in PS youth. Across groups, better overall functioning was associated with increased lateral orbitofrontal SA. Increased postcentral SA was associated with better executive cognition and less severe negative symptoms in the entire sample. Conclusion In a community-based sample, we found that reduced cortical SA and thalamic volume are present early in adolescent development in youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms, but not in youth with bipolar spectrum symptoms, or with both bipolar and psychosis spectrum symptoms. These findings point to potential biological distinctions between psychosis and bipolar spectrum conditions, which may suggest additional biomarkers relevant to early identification.
Process monitoring and design when using tert-buthanol/water cosolvent systems in pharmaceutical freeze-drying (2014)

Exploring highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst for the elimination organic pollutants is a great concern for constructing sustainable green energy systems. In the current work, a novel hybrid ternary WO<sub>3</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>@MWCNT nanocomposites have been fabricated for visible-light-driven photocatalyst by self-assembly method. The as-prepared photocatalyst was examined by XRD, Raman, FESEM, HRTEM, XPS EDS, EIS, UV-visible DRS, and PL analysis. The experimental results revealed that the photocatalytic activity of WO<sub>3</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>@MWCNT nanocomposites on the degradation of Tetracycline (TC) is 79.54% at 120 min, which is higher than the binary WO<sub>3</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composite and pristine WO<sub>3</sub>. The improved degradation performance towards TC is recognized for its higher surface area, intense light absorption towards the visible region, and enhanced charge separation efficiency. Consequently, the fabricated catalyst endows a promising application for antibiotic degradation.
Nonconvex integration using ϵ-subdifferentials (2018)

We give an integration criterion for nonconvex functions defined in locally convex spaces. We prove that an inclusion-type relationship between the ϵ-subdifferentials, for small amount of of any two functions is sufficient for the equality of the associated closed convex envelopes, up to an additive constant and to a recession term, that is related to the asymptotic behaviour of the functions. This recession term is dropped out when the functions are convex. We use these results to represent both the values of closed convex envelopes and their ϵ-subdifferentials by means of ϵ-subdifferentials of the original function.
Can changes in social contact (frequency and mode) mitigate low mood before and during the COVID ‐19 pandemic? The I‐CONECT project (2021)

The lost in-person time relating to COVID-19 restrictions tended to be partially compensated for with increased calls and writing time, although overall social interaction time decreased. During the COVID-19 pandemic, at least two types of social interactions (writing to friends and in-person family time) showed promise for mitigating low mood for older adults with limited social resources.
On the energy-delay trade-off of a two-way relay network (2008)

We consider a three node network in which a pair of nodes with stochastic arrivals communicate with each other with the help of an intermediate relay. The bi-directional nature of the traffic, in this setting, poses a new energy delay trade-off. Namely, the relay node may choose to cache packets from one direction and send it only after packets from the other direction arrive, using an XOR network coding scheme. Doing so would save energy, but would also incur some delay for the packet. In this work, we analyze this trade-off when the relay node queues packets from each direction and uses a first-come-first-serve policy. We show that under an even traffic load where one would hope for the most energy savings, to achieve the minimum energy expenditure promised by the XOR network coding scheme, the average delay has to go to ∞.
Automatic controller to water plants (2010)

Despite the massive demand of water for plant irrigation, there are few devices being used in the automation of this process in agriculture. This work evaluates a simple controller to water plants automatically that can be set up with low cost commercial materials, which are large-scale produced. This controller is composed by a ceramic capsule used in common domestic water filters; a plastic tube around 1.5 m long, and a pressostate used in domestic washing machines. The capsule and the pressostate are connected through the tube so that all parts are filled with water. The ceramic capsule is the sensor of the controller and has to be placed into the plant substrate. The pressostate has to be placed below the sensor and the lower it is, the higher is the water tension to start the irrigation, since the lower is the pressostate the higher is the water column above it and, therefore, the higher is the tension inside the ceramic cup to pull up the water column. The controller was evaluated in the control of drip irrigation for small containers filled with commercial organic substrate or soil. Linear regressions explained the relationship between the position of pressostate and the maximum water tension in the commercial substrate (p &lt; 0.0054) and soil (p &lt; 0.0001). Among the positions of the pressostate from 0.30 to 0.90 m below the sensor, the water tension changed from 1 to 8 kPa for commercial substrate and 4 to 13 kPa for the soil. This simple controller can be useful to grow plants, applying water automatically in function of the water tension of the plant substrate.
Dynamic Deployment and Testing of Virtual On-board Units in 5G (2022)

5G networks are encountering virtualization technologies as the foundations of the softwarization of the infrastructure. The usage of these techniques in the Connected and Automated Mobility (CAM) vertical is the key to address mobility and computing issues. The next generation of CAM services are demanding continuous sensor-data gathering and processing, but current solutions lack of flexibility and computing capabilities in the On-Board Units (OBUs). Consequently, a dynamic intermediate stratum with adaptable networking resources and data processing offloading is required to cover the requirements imposed by the upcoming vehicular applications and users. Besides, due to the changing nature of these environments, dynamic testing and validation of the deployed services is necessary to assure their correct functioning. In this line, a solution that exploits the Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) paradigm to instantiate virtual OBUs (vOBUs) to act as virtual counterparts of the physical ones is presented. By doing so, in-vehicle OBUs can be protected from the characteristic disconnections of vehicular networks using the vOBU as an intermediate communication layer. Besides, they can offload heavy computing processes to the edge. The solution is dynamically deployed as a Network Application (NetApp) in a real 5G testbed in the context of the 5GASP project, in which it is also possible to test and evaluate the functioning of the NetApp after the deployment.
Role of Spatial Constraints of Brønsted Acid Sites for Adsorption and Surface Reactions of Linear Pentenes (2017)

The Brønsted acid sites of H-ZSM-5 and ferrierite reversibly adsborb linear pentenes via hydrogen bonding, rapidly isomerizing the double bond. On H-ZSM-5, dimerization of adsorbed pentenes occurs at a slower rate and leads to pentyl ester covalently bound to the surface. Pentene adsorbed on zeolites with narrower pores, such as ferrierite, remained stable in a hydrogen-bonded state even up to 423 K. Comparing the differential heat of adsorption of 2-pentene on silicalite and ferrierite allowed for the determination of the enthalpy difference between physically adsorbed pentene in ZSM-5 and the localized hydrogen-bonded π-complex at Brønsted acid sites, -36 kJ/mol. The activation energy (35 kJ/mol) for dimerization is almost identical to this enthalpy difference, suggesting that the rate-determining step is associated either with the mobilization of π-bonded 2-pentene or with the equally large activation barrier to form an alkoxy group via a carbenium-ion transition state. In a closed system, the dimerization rate is first order in the concentration of the π-complex that is both in equilibrium with the mobile pentene phase and in production of the carbenium ion that reacts with the mobile pentene. Overall, the alkoxy group is -41 ± 7 kJ/mol more stable than physisorbed pentene, establishing a series of energetically well-separated groups of reactive surface species.
Evaluation of isometric antagonist coactivation strategies of electrically stimulated muscles (1996)

The performance of various coactivation strategies to control agonist-antagonist muscles in functional electrical stimulation (FES) applications was examined in a cat model using the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles to produce ankle isometric dorsiflexion and plantarflexion torques, respectively. Three types of coactivation strategies were implemented and tested. The first strategy was based on coactivation maps described in the literature as consisting of decreasing antagonistic activity as the input command to the agonist was increased. The second type of strategy was based on the physiologic coactivation data collected from normal subjects exhibiting joint stabilization during the full range of contractions. These strategies included scaled increasing antagonist activity and therefore joint stiffness with increasing agonist input command. A third strategy was devised which at low force levels mimicked the strategies described in the literature and at high force levels resembled strategies exhibited by normal subjects. The three strategies were evaluated based on their ability to track a linear or sinusoidal input command and their efficiency of torque transmission across the joint. Coactivation strategies using increasing antagonist activity resulted in decreased maximal joint torque and efficiency, decreased signal tracking capability for linear inputs, and increased harmonic distortion for sinusoidal inputs. Peak efficiency and tracking ability appeared when a moderate degree of antagonist activity was engaged near the neutral joint position. Signal tracking quality improved with earlier engagement of the antagonist muscles. Our results suggest that strategies combining low-level coactivation as described in the physiological literature and previous FES studies could satisfactorily address the issues of controllability, efficiency, and long-term joint integrity.
AN APPLICATION OF CLUSTER ANALYSIS TO THE PROBLEM OF LOCATING ITEMS WITHIN A WAREHOUSE (1994)

Abstract The order picking function in a warehouse involves selection of items from storage areas in order to satisfy customer demand. It has been identified as the most costly warehouse operations activity. Cluster analysis identifies groups of items that are frequently ordered together. Items within a cluster may be located near one another, and efficient picking tours may, thus, be formed. We formulate the clustering problem as a p-median 0-1 integer program which may efficiently be solved to optimality.
Annual Screening Mammography Associated With Lower Stage Breast Cancer Compared With Biennial Screening (2021)

<b>OBJECTIVE.</b> The purpose of this study was to compare breast cancer characteristics and treatment regimens among women undergoing annual versus nonannual screening mammography. <b>MATERIALS AND METHODS.</b> In this retrospective, institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant cohort study, a breast cancer database was queried for patients who received a mammographic or clinical diagnosis of breast cancer during 2016-2017. Annual versus biennial and annual versus nonannual (biennial and triennial) mammography screening cohorts were compared using <i>t</i> tests or Wilcoxon rank sum tests for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher exact tests for categoric variables. <b>RESULTS.</b> A total of 490 patients were diagnosed with breast cancer during 2016-2017. Among these women, 245 had an assignable screening frequency and were 40-84 years old (mean, 61.8 ± 9.9 [SD] years; median, 62 years). Screening frequency was annual for 200 of these 245 patients (81.6%), biennial for 32 (13.1%), and triennial for 13 (5.3%). Annual screening resulted in fewer late-stage presentations (AJCC stage II, III, or IV in 48 of 200 patients undergoing annual [24.0%] vs 14 of 32 undergoing biennial [43.8%; <i>p</i> = .02] and vs 20 of 45 undergoing nonannual screening [44.4%; <i>p</i> = .006]), fewer interval cancers (21 of 200 for annual [10.5%] vs 12 of 32 for biennial [37.5%; <i>p</i> < .001] and vs 15 of 45 for nonannual [33.3%; <i>p</i> < .001]), and smaller mean tumor diameter (1.4 ± 1.2 cm for annual vs 1.8 ± 1.6 cm for biennial [<i>p</i> = .04] and vs 1.8 ± 1.5 cm nonannual [<i>p</i> = .03]). Lower AJCC stage, fewer interval cancers, and smaller tumor diameter also persisted among postmenopausal women undergoing annual screening. Patients undergoing biennial and nonannual screening showed nonsignificant greater use of axillary lymph node dissection (annual, 24 of 200 [12.0%]; biennial, 6 of 32 [18.8%]; nonannual, 7 of 45 [15.6%]) and chemotherapy (annual, 55 of 200 [27.5%]; biennial, 12 of 32 [37.5%]; nonannual, 16 of 45 [35.6%]). <b>CONCLUSION.</b> Annual mammographic screening was associated with lower breast cancer stage and fewer interval cancers than biennial or nonannual screening.
An efficient approach to decomposition of multi-output Boolean functions with large sets of bound variables (2002)

Finding appropriate bound sets of variables is the most important task of functional decomposition. When solving some problems, the bound sets need to be larger, for instance in decomposition to symmetric subfunctions realized in MOPS arrays for submicron technologies, or when no good small bound sets exist. In such cases, the creation of the incompatibility graph, which is necessary to evaluate good variable partitionings, becomes very inefficient. Therefore, an algorithm is proposed that can speed up this process by orders of magnitude without sacrificing the quality of the decomposition, because the same graph coloring algorithms (exact or approximate) are still applied to the created graph.