gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current Status and Best Practices of Shared Governance in US Pharmacy Programs (2020)

<b>Objective.</b> To characterize shared governance in US schools and colleges of pharmacy and recommend best practices to promote faculty engagement and satisfaction. <b>Findings.</b> The literature review revealed only one study on governance in a pharmacy school and some data from an AACP Faculty Survey. Of the 926 faculty members who responded to the survey, the majority were satisfied or very satisfied with faculty governance (64%) and the level of input into faculty governance (63%) at their school. Faculty members in administrative positions and those at public institutions were more satisfied with governance. The forum resulted in the development of five themes: establish a clear vision of governance in all areas; ensure that faculty members are aware of their roles and responsibilities within the governance structure; ensure faculty members are able to join committees of interest; recognize and reward faculty contributions to governance; and involve all full-time faculty members in governance, regardless of their tenure status. <b>Summary.</b> Establishing shared governance within a school or college of pharmacy impacts overall faculty satisfaction and potentially faculty retention.
Saponin-Rich Extracts and Their Acid Hydrolysates Differentially Target Colorectal Cancer Metabolism in the Frame of Precision Nutrition (2020)

Saponins or their aglycone form, sapogenin, have recently gained interest as bioactive agents due to their biological activities, their antitumoral effects being among them. Metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer and, together with the increased aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis, the altered lipid metabolism is considered crucial to support cancer initiation and progression. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the inhibitory effects on colorectal cancer cell lines of saponin-rich extracts from fenugreek and quinoa (FE and QE, respectively) and their hydrolyzed extracts as sapogenin-rich extracts (HFE and HQE, respectively). By mean of the latest technology in the analysis of cell bioenergetics, we demonstrate that FE and HFE diminished mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis; meanwhile, quinoa extracts did not show relevant activities. Distinct molecular mechanisms were identified for fenugreek: FE inhibited the expression of <i>TYMS1</i> and <i>TK1</i>, synergizing with the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); meanwhile, HFE inhibited lipid metabolism targets, leading to diminished intracellular lipid content. The relevance of considering the coexisting compounds of the extracts or their hydrolysis transformation as innovative strategies to augment the therapeutic potential of the extracts, and the specific subgroup of patients where each extract would be more beneficial, are discussed in the frame of precision nutrition.
RITE Gen5 KHPS Performance - Period B (2021)

Includes Kinetic Hydropower System (KHPS) Turbine performance data from the RITE Gen5 KHPS turbine at the 5 meter size. This data was collected over 16 days in May 2021 during Period B operation. Along with performance data, the data includes setup data, project metadata, and characteristic data for RITE Gen5 KHPS (5m) turbine.
Notch inhibitor screening reveals an unexpected HES1 heterodimer (2018)

Notch signaling plays critical roles in cancer progression, motivating efforts to identify inhibitors of this pathway. Perron <i>et al.</i> report a small-molecule screen intended to discover compounds that could interfere with the downstream transcription factor HES1. Target validation of their compounds unexpectedly identified a novel HES1-interacting protein, prohibitin 2. This highlights a new mechanism to block Notch signaling and prompting further exploration of HES1 biology.
Cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein compensates for restricted systemic spread of Potato virus Y in doubly infected tobacco (2004)

Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc) inoculated with a necrotic strain of Potato virus Y (PVY, T01 isolate) developed necrotic symptoms in some systemically infected leaves, but not in younger leaves. However, PVY expressed distinct symptoms not only in the older leaves, but also in the younger leaves, of plants that had been doubly inoculated with PVY and with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, strain Pepo). A tissue blot immunoassay of tissues from various positions of the stem detected PVY weakly in each stem, but not in the shoot apex, of singly infected plants, whereas PVY was detected at high levels in almost all sections of doubly infected plants. CMV was also detected at high levels in sections of singly and doubly infected plants. Immunohistochemistry of stem tissues showed that in singly infected plants, PVY was confined to external phloem cells and was not detected in internal phloem cells. However, in doubly infected plants, PVY was distributed uniformly throughout whole tissues, including the external phloem, xylem parenchyma and internal phloem cells. In plants that were doubly infected with PVY and Pepo Delta 2b, a modified CMV that cannot translate the 2b protein, the spread of PVY was restricted as in singly infected plants. These results suggested that the plant host has a counterdefence mechanism that restricts systemic spread of PVY T01, and that the 2b protein of CMV strain Pepo negates this restriction.
The Effect of Terminal Alkyl Chain Length on Mesomorphic Properties of 4-Alkoxyphenyl-4'-Alkylbenzoates (1980)

Abstract Esters in the homologous series 4-alkoxyphenyl 4'-alkylbenzoates, 1a, have been synthesized with both straight and methyl-branched R-groups from C3-C6, plus n-C9 and n-C10 and with straight chain R'O-groups = C1-C8, C10, C12, C14 and C16. The mesophase transitions and properties were studied by hot-stage microscopy; DSC data were also determined for the R=C5 series. Comparisons within the la series and for some 4,4'-dialkylphenylbenzoates and 4-alkylphenyl 4'-alkoxybenzoates enable generalizations to be made regarding the liklihood of observing specific smectic mesophases as a function of structure.
A long-term maternal diet transition from high-fat diet to normal fat diet during pre-pregnancy avoids adipose tissue inflammation in next generation (2018)

Recent studies have suggested that maternal high-fat (HF) diet caused inflammation changes in adipose tissue; however, it remains unclear if maternal diet intervention before pregnancy rescues such effects in offspring. To address this question, female mice were continued on a normal-fat (NF group), or a HF diet (HF group) or transitioned from a HF diet to a NF diet at 1 (H1N group), 5 (H5N group) or 9 weeks (H9N group) prior to pregnancy. Among the three intervention groups, the H9N offspring displayed less and steady body weight gain, and maintained glucose tolerance, whereas the H1N and H5N offspring showed exacerbate these phenotypes. The H1N and H5N, but not the H9N offspring, displayed adipocyte hypertrophy associated with increased expression of genes involved in fat deposition. The H1N and H5N, but not the H9N adipose tissue, displayed increased macrophage infiltration with enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokine genes. In addition, overactivation of the NF-κB and the JNK signaling were observed in the H1N adipose tissue. Overall, our study showed that a long-term but not a short- or medium-term diet intervention before pregnancy released offspring adipose tissue inflammation induced by maternal HF diet, which adds details in our understanding how the maternal environment either promotes or discourages onset of disease in offspring. Clinically, this study is of great value for providing evidence in the design of clinical trials to evaluate the urgently required intervention strategies to minimize the intergenerational cycle of obesity.
Full-Band Low-Loss Continuous Tracking Circulation in K Band (Short Papers) (1977)

The continuous tracking principle is applied to the design of a wide-band Y-junction stripline circulator for the 18-26.5-GHz frequency band. Near octave low-loss and high isolation performance is demonstrated without the need for repeated design cycles. Design data and construction details are presented.
Technique for search of pipeline leakage according to acoustic signals analysis (2017)

Now a large number of pipelines in Russia is in an unsatisfactory condition which is connected either with the big term of their operation or their improper installation. For the first-priority replacement of the most injured sites, it is necessary to develop a technique for their identification. The article describes the method of determining the pipeline defect location according to the analysis of vibro-acoustic signals. As a working tool for the implementation of the search algorithm and identification of leaks, the authors used the LabVIEW graphicprogramming environment. The article gives a description and the work principle for the software developed by the authors allowing to write down a signal in sound files from two piezometers, to carry out handling of the written-down data, to determine the speed of distribution of a sound in the researched product, to determine distance where the defect is situated with the first and second sensors, to create a report.
Molecular Mechanisms of Right Ventricular Failure (2015)

An abundance of data has provided insight into the mechanisms underlying the development of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and its progression to LV failure. In contrast, there is minimal data on the adaptation of the right ventricle (RV) to pressure and volume overload and the transition to RV failure. This is a critical clinical question, because the RV is uniquely at risk in many patients with repaired or palliated congenital heart disease and in those with pulmonary hypertension. Standard heart failure therapies have failed to improve function or survival in these patients, suggesting a divergence in the molecular mechanisms of RV versus LV failure. Although, on the cellular level, the remodeling responses of the RV and LV to pressure overload are largely similar, there are several key differences: the stressed RV is more susceptible to oxidative stress, has a reduced angiogenic response, and is more likely to activate cell death pathways than the stressed LV. Together, these differences could explain the more rapid progression of the RV to failure versus the LV. This review will highlight known molecular differences between the RV and LV responses to hemodynamic stress, the unique stressors on the RV associated with congenital heart disease, and the need to better understand these molecular mechanisms if we are to develop RV-specific heart failure therapeutics.
Relationships of PBMC microRNA expression, plasma viral load, and CD4+ T-cell count in HIV-1-infected elite suppressors and viremic patients (2012)

The intimate involvement of miRNAs in disease processes is underscored by connections of miRNA expression with the HIV disease clinical parameters of CD4 count and plasma viral load. However, miRNA profile changes are not explained completely by these variables. Significant declines of miRs-125b and -150, among others, in both ES and viremic patients indicate the persistence of host miRNA responses or ongoing effects of infection despite viral suppression by ES. We found no negative correlations with viral load in viremic patients, not even those that have been reported to silence HIV-1 in vitro, suggesting that the effects of these miRNAs are exerted in a focused, cell-type-specific manner. Finally, the observation that some ES with low CD4 counts were consistently related to viremic patients suggests that miRNAs may serve as biomarkers for risk of disease progression even in the presence of viral suppression.
Highly cited works in neurosurgery. Part I: the 100 top-cited papers in neurosurgical journals (2010)

The most cited articles in neurosurgical journals are trials evaluating surgical or medical therapies, descriptions of novel techniques, or systems for classifying or grading disease. The time of publication, field of study, nature of the work, and the journal in which the work appears are possible determinants of the likelihood of citation and impact.
Evaluating Remote Sensing-based Crop Water Use Monitoring Methods Using Soil Moisture Sensors (2012)

Competition for limited water supplies continues to exert pressure on agriculture. In addition, climate change, urban growth, and drought influence how farmers manage their water supplies. Water transfers from agriculture to other uses are on the rise. To avoid drying farms one alternative water management strategy is to deficit irrigate. However, to perform a successful managing irrigation under a deficit irrigation regime an accurate crop water consumption monitoring method is required. The objective of this study was to evaluate a crop water stress model that is based on the difference between canopy radiometric temperature and air temperature. Three irrigation treatments were imposed on corn plots grown in northeastern Colorado in 2011. The treatments were: TrT 1 full irrigation (six irrigations), TrT 2 deficit irrigation (two irrigations), and TrT 3 reduced irrigation (six irrigation but half the amount of TrT 1). A local weather station located on a grass field was used to compute reference evapotranspiration. Derived crop water stress indices and water use amounts were evaluated with ET values derived from a Neutron probe-based soil water balance and with a surface energy balance model considering inputs from a remote sensing system. Results indicated that relatively low errors in ET estimation are possible if surface radiometric temperature is acquired earlier in the day.
Geolocation in mines with an impulse response fingerprinting technique and neural networks (2005)

The location of people, mobile terminals and equipment is highly desirable for operational and safety enhancements in the mining industry. In an indoor environment such as a mine, the multipath caused by reflections, diffraction and diffusion on the rough sidewall surfaces, and the non-line of sight (NLOS) due to the blockage of the shortest path between transmitter and receiver are the main sources of range measurement errors. Due to the harsh mining environment, unreliable measurements of location metrics such as RSS, AOA and TOA/TDOA result in the deterioration of the positioning performance. Hence, alternatives to the traditional parametric geolocation techniques have to be considered. In this paper, we present a novel method for mobile station location using wideband channel measurement results applied to an artificial neural network (ANN). The proposed system, the Wide Band Neural Network-Locate (WBNN-Locate), learns off-line the location 'signatures' from the extracted location-dependent features of the measured channel impulse responses data for LOS and NLOS situations. It then matches on-line the observation received from a mobile station against the learned set of 'signatures' to accurately locate its position. The location accuracy of the proposed system, applied in an underground mine, has been found to be 2 meters for 90% and 80% of trained and untrained data, respectively. Moreover, the proposed system may also be applicable to any other indoor situation and particularly in confined environments with characteristics similar to those of a mine (e.g. rough sidewalls surface).
Accurate localization of a fall in pH within the ileocecal region: validation using a dual-scintigraphic technique (2010)

Stereotypical changes in pH occur along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Classically, there is an abrupt increase in pH on exit from the stomach, followed later by a sharp fall in pH, attributed to passage through the ileocecal region. However, the precise location of this latter pH change has never been conclusively substantiated. We aimed to determine the site of fall in pH using a dual-scintigraphic technique. On day 1, 13 healthy subjects underwent nasal intubation with a 3-m-long catheter, which was allowed to progress to the distal ileum. On day 2, subjects ingested a pH-sensitive wireless motility capsule labeled with 4 MBq (51)Chromium [EDTA]. The course of this, as it travelled through the GI tract, was assessed with a single-headed γ-camera using static and dynamic scans. Capsule progression was plotted relative to a background of 4 MBq ¹¹¹Indium [diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid] administered through the catheter. Intraluminal pH, as recorded by the capsule, was monitored continuously, and position of the capsule relative to pH was established. A sharp fall in pH was recorded in all subjects; position of the capsule relative to this was accurately determined anatomically in 9/13 subjects. In these nine subjects, a pH drop of 1.5 ± 0.2 U, from 7.6 ± 0.05 to 6.1 ± 0.1 occurred a median of 7.5 min (1-16) after passage through the ileocecal valve; location was either in the cecum (n = 5), ascending colon (n = 2), or coincident with a move from the cecum to ascending colon (n = 2). This study provides conclusive evidence that the fall in pH seen within the ileocolonic region actually occurs in the proximal colon. This phenomenon can be used as a biomarker of transition between the small and large bowel and validates assessment of regional GI motility using capsule technology that incorporates pH measurement.
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia Associated With Dermatomyositis With and Without Anti–Jo-1 Autoantibodies (2013)

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia is a type of diffuse parenchymal lung disease characterized by interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, without the heterogeneous distribution and peripheral honeycombing, typical of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). It is seen in 2 settings as follows: as an idiopathic disease and associated with a variety of other, including rheumatologic, disorders. There is evidence that patients with idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia often have some autoimmune manifestations that do not fulfill criteria for a specific rheumatologic disease and therefore manifest as a primary autoimmune lung disease. Diffuse lung injury may occur in established cases as a superimposed process (acute exacerbation), similar to UIP, or be present at initial presentation. The distinction from UIP is important because the prognosis is generally far better.
A New Solution for Wireless Interactive TV Based on DVB-T Standard and SFDMA Technique (1999)

The recent establishment and implementation in Europe of the DVB-T standard for digital terrestrial television has opened a broad range of applications beyond the pure broadcasting services of digital TV. The European ACTS iTTi project (‘interactive terrestrial TV integration’ with more than 12 European partners) has been started in March 1998 to define the system specifications of an enhancement of DVB-T standard towards wireless interactive applications. The downstream of the iTTi interactive system (from the base station to the user) is simply DVB-T, to allow full compliance with the pure broadcasting services in the terrestrial network (UHF/VHF band), while the upstream (return channel) is based on a newly proposed approach called Synchronous Frequency Division Multiple Access (SFDMA); such approach is basically a combination of TDMA and FDMA in order to build a multiple carrier return channel, that will be available for multiple users to feed back to the base station through the same set-top antenna. The iTTi project are prototyping a complete hardware demonstrator for field trials and lab test in co-operation with European broadcasters in summer 98. In view of a VLSI implementation of the proposed system, a complexity estimation and optimised architectural solutions will be carried out.
Metabolic intervention on lipid synthesis converging pathways abrogates prostate cancer growth (2012)

One of the most conserved features of all cancers is a profound reprogramming of cellular metabolism, favoring biosynthetic processes and limiting catalytic processes. With the acquired knowledge of some of these important changes, we have designed a combination therapy in order to force cancer cells to use a particular metabolic pathway that ultimately results in the accumulation of toxic products. This innovative approach consists of blocking lipid synthesis, at the same time that we force the cell, through the inhibition of AMP-activated kinase, to accumulate toxic intermediates, such as malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. This results in excess of oxidative stress and cancer cell death. Our new therapeutic strategy, based on the manipulation of metabolic pathways, will certainly set up the basis for new upcoming studies defining a new paradigm of cancer treatment.
An optimal operating point control of lithium-ion battery in a power compensator for DC railway system (2007)

An optimal operating point control method of Lithium-Ion battery for a power compensator of a D.C. railway system is developed in this paper. The compensator consists of a DC/DC converter and a Lithium-Ion battery bank. The regenerative energy is stored to the battery, and the energy is released to powering trains. The charging and discharging currents are determined according to the feeding-line voltage. The stored energy is maximized by controlling the maximum discharging current according to the State-Of-Chare (SOC) and the internal resistance of the battery. The maximum charging current of the DC/DC converter is identical to the maximum current of the battery, for improving the efficiency of the train system. Numerical simulations are carried out to confirm the proposed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. An experiment is also carried out to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. Both results show that the proposed method improves the stored energy by 20% compared with that of a conventional system.
Morphology, Function, and Adaptation of Mammary Cells in Normal and Disease States (1995)

Normal mammary secretory epithelium has a large alveolar luminal area, basally located nuclei, basolateral rough endoplasmic reticulum, apical lipid droplets, and secretory vesicles. During mastitis, secretory products released by leukocytes and bacteria induce swelling of secretory epithelium cytoplasm, sloughing of cells, nuclear pyknosis, epithelial vacuolation, filling of luminal areas with cell debris, and decreased secretory activity. Furthermore, damage by bacterial toxins promotes adhesion of bacteria to the epithelium. In response to infection, freshly migrated leukocytes express greater numbers of cell surface receptors for immunoglobulins and complement and are more phagocytic than their counterparts in blood. However, phagocytic activity rapidly decreases with continued exposure to inhibitory factors in mammary secretions. Upon repeated exposure to endotoxin, secretion of cytokines by leukocytes is reduced and milk production returns to normal. Compensatory hypertrophy in non-mastitic quarters partially compensates for lost milk production in diseased quarters. Other diseases such as ketosis, milk fever, and retained placenta increase the incidence of mastitis indirectly by inhibition of host defense mechanisms. Recent developments in in vitro mammary explant and cell culture systems provide model systems for studying bovine mammary epithelium in normal and diseased states.