gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of the Stimulus Design on the Harmonic Components of the Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential (2020)

Steady-state visual evoked potentials (ssVEPs) are commonly used for functional objective diagnostics. In general, the main response at the stimulation frequency is used. However, some studies reported the main response at the second harmonic of the stimulation frequency. The aim of our study was to analyze the influence of the stimulus design on the harmonic components of ssVEPs. We studied 22 subjects (8 males, mean age ± SD = 27 ± 4.8 years) using a circular layout (<i>r</i> <sub>1</sub> = 0-1.6°, <i>r</i> <sub>2</sub> = 1.6-3.5°, <i>r</i> <sub>3</sub> = 3.5-6.4°, <i>r</i> <sub>4</sub> = 6.4-10.9°, and <i>r</i> <sub>5</sub> = 10.9-18°). At a given eccentricity, the stimulus was presented according to a 7.5 Hz square wave with 50% duty cycle. To analyze the influence of the stimulus eccentricity, a background luminance of 30 cd/m<sup>2</sup> was added to suppress foveal stray light effects; to analyze the influence of simultaneous foveal and peripheral stimulations, stimulations are performed without stray light suppression. For statistical analysis, medians <b>M</b> of the amplitude ratios for amplitudes at the second harmonic to the first harmonic and the probability of the occurrence of the main response at the second harmonic <b>P(MCSH)</b> are calculated. For stimulations with foveal stray light suppression, the medians were <b>M</b> <sub><b>0</b> -<b>1.6^</b> ∘</sub> = 0.45, <b>M</b> <sub><b>1.6</b> -<b>3.5^</b> ∘</sub> = 0.45, <b>M</b> <sub><b>3.5</b> -<b>6.4^</b> ∘</sub> = 0.76, <b>M</b> <sub><b>6.4</b> -<b>10.9^</b> ∘</sub> = 0.72, and <b>M</b> <sub><b>10.9</b> -<b>18^</b> ∘</sub> = 0.48, and the probabilities were <b>P</b> <sub><b>0-1.6^</b> ∘</sub> <b>(MCSH)</b> = 0.05, <b>P</b> <sub><b>1.6</b> -<b>3.5^</b> ∘</sub> <b>(MCSH)</b> = 0.05, <b>P</b> <sub><b>3.5</b> -<b>6.4^</b> ∘</sub> <b>(MCSH)</b> = 0.32, <b>P</b> <sub><b>6.4</b> -<b>10.9^</b> ∘</sub> <b>(MCSH)</b> = 0.29, and <b>P</b> <sub><b>10.9</b> -<b>18^</b> ∘</sub> <b>(MCSH)</b> = 0.30. For stimulations without foveal stray light suppression, the medians <b>M</b> were <b>M</b> <sub><b>0</b> -<b>1.6^</b> ∘</sub> = 0.29, <b>M</b> <sub><b>1.6</b> -<b>3.5^</b> ∘</sub> = 0.37, <b>M</b> <sub><b>3.5</b> -<b>6.4^</b> ∘</sub> = 0.98, <b>M</b> <sub><b>6.4</b> -<b>10.9</b> ^<b>^</b> ∘</sub> = 1.08, and <b>M</b> <sub><b>10.9</b> -<b>18^</b> ∘</sub> = 1.24, and the probabilities were <b>P</b> <sub><b>0-1.6^</b> ∘</sub> <b>(MCSH)</b> = 0.09, <b>P</b> <sub><b>1.6</b> -<b>3.5^</b> ∘</sub> <b>(MCSH)</b> = 0.05, <b>P</b> <sub><b>3.5</b> -<b>6.4^</b> ∘</sub> <b>(MCSH)</b> = 0.50, <b>P</b> <sub><b>6.4</b> -<b>10.9^</b> ∘</sub> <b>(MCSH)</b> = 0.55, and <b>P</b> <sub><b>10.9</b> -<b>18^</b> ∘</sub> <b>(MCSH)</b> = 0.55. In conclusion, the stimulus design has an influence on the harmonic components of ssVEPs. An increase in stimulation eccentricity during extrafoveal stimulation leads to a transition of the main response to the second harmonic. The effect is enhanced by a simultaneous foveal stimulation.
EMILIN-1 regulates the amount of oxytalan fiber formation in periodontal ligaments in vitro (2010)

The elastic system fibers comprise oxytalan, elaunin, and elastic fibers, differing in their relative microfibril and elastin contents. Among them, human periodontal ligament (PDL) contains only oxytalan fibers (pure microfibrils). Elastin microfibril interface-located protein-1 (EMILIN-1) is localized at the interface between microfibrils and elastin. We hypothesized that EMILIN-1 may contribute to the formation of oxytalan fibers. We used a small interfering RNA (siRNA) for EMILIN-1 in PDL cell culture to examine the extracellular deposition of fibrillin-1 (the major component of microfibrils). EMILIN-1 was labeled on microfibrils positive for fibrillin-1 and was colocalized with fibrillin-1 upon immunoprecipitation assay. EMILIN-1 suppression reduced the level of fibrillin-1 deposition to 23% of the control, and this was responsible for the diminution of fibrillin-1 deposition revealed by immunofluorescence. These results suggest that EMILIN-1 may regulate the formation of oxytalan fibers and play a role in their homeostasis.
Vicinal Deuterium Perturbations on Hydrogen NMR Chemical Shifts in Cyclohexanes (2008)

The substitution of a deuterium for a hydrogen is known to perturb the NMR chemical shift of a neighboring hydrogen atom. The magnitude of such a perturbation may depend on the specifics of bonding and stereochemical relationships within a molecule. For deuterium-labeled cyclohexanes held in a chair conformation at -80 degrees C or lower, all four possible perturbations of H by D as H-C-C-H is changed to D-C-C-H have been determined experimentally, and the variations seen, ranging from 6.9 to 10.4 ppb, have been calculated from theory and computational methods. The predominant physical origins of the NMR chemical shift perturbations in deuterium-labeled cyclohexanes have been identified and quantified. The trends defined by the Delta delta perturbation values obtained through spectroscopic experiments and by theory agree satisfactorily. They do not match the variations typically observed in vicinal J(H-H) coupling constants as a function of dihedral angles.
Exact Inference Techniques for the Dynamic Analysis of Attack Graphs (2015)

Attack graphs are a powerful tool for security risk assessment by analysing network vulnerabilities and the paths attackers can use to compromise valuable network resources. The uncertainty about the attackers behaviour and capabilities make Bayesian networks suitable to model attack graphs to perform static and dynamic analysis. Previous approaches have focused on the formalization of traditional attack graphs into a Bayesian model rather than proposing mechanisms for their analysis. In this paper we propose to use efficient algorithms to make exact inference in Bayesian attack graphs, enabling the static and dynamic network risk assessments. To support the validity of our proposed approach we have performed an extensive experimental evaluation on synthetic Bayesian attack graphs with different topologies, showing the computational advantages in terms of time and memory use of the proposed techniques when compared to existing approaches.
Absolute Structures of Stemona-Lactam S and Tuberostemospiroline, Alkaloids from <i>Stemona tuberosa</i> (2013)

A new alkaloid, stemona-lactam S, and a known alkaloid, tuberostemospiroline, were isolated from the roots of Stemona tuberosa LOUR. (Stemonaceae). Their structures and absolute stereochemistry were established by X-ray crystallography and vibrational circular dichroism.
Actin-biding Protein-280 Binds the Stress-activated Protein Kinase (SAPK) Activator SEK-1 and Is Required for Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Activation of SAPK in Melanoma Cells (1997)

SEK-1, a dual specificity protein kinase that serves as one of the immediate upstream activators of the stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), associates specifically with the actin-binding protein, ABP-280, in vitro and in situ. SEK-1 binds to the carboxyl-terminal rod segment of ABP-280, upstream of the ABP carboxyl-terminal dimerization domain. Activation of SEK-1 in situ increases the SEK-1 activity bound to ABP-280 without changing the amount of SEK-1 polypeptide bound. The influence of ABP-280 on SAPK regulation was evaluated in human melanoma cells that lack ABP-280 expression, and in stable transformants of these cells expressing wild type ABP, or an actin-binding but dimerization-deficient mutant ABP (ABPDeltaCT109). ABP-280-deficient cells show an activation of SAPK in response to most stimuli that is comparable to that seen in ABP-280-replete cells; ABP-280-deficient cells, however, fail to show the brisk tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) activation of SAPK seen in ABP-replete cells and have an 80% reduction in SAPK activation by lysophosphatidic acid. Expression of the dimerization-deficient mutant ABP-280 fails to correct the defective SAPK response to lysophosphatidic acid, but essentially normalizes the TNF-alpha activation of SAPK. Thus, a lack of ABP-280 in melanoma cells causes a defect in the regulation of SAPK that is selective for TNF-alpha and is attributable to the lack of ABP-280 polypeptide itself rather than to the disordered actin cytoskeleton that results therefrom. ABP-280 participates in TNF-alpha signal transduction to SAPKs, in part through the binding of SEK-1.
Performance optimization in switched reluctance motor drives with online commutation angle control (2003)

The problem of performance optimization in current controlled switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives is investigated. Two controllers are proposed that determine the optimal turn-on and turn-off angles, respectively, for improving motor efficiency and torque ripple. The suggested controllers are simple, do not affect the complexity of the drive, and are easily implemented since the knowledge of torque-angle-current characteristics or magnetization curves is not required. The proposed control scheme is demonstrated on a prototype experimental system.
Model Driven Development of Gamified Applications (2019)

Gamification is defined as the injection of game elements in applications with non-gaming purposes. This technique has shown outstanding results in promoting the engagement and activity on communities of users, in both business and non-for-profits fields. Often, gamification features are added late in the application life-cycle and must be weaved into the existing functions. In this paper, we present a model-driven approach to the design of gamified applications, which accelerates the introduction of gamification elements in pre-existing or new applications. The approach relies on a data model of gamification features and on design patterns for the front-end, which encode the essential elements of gamification in a platform independent way.
Active tuning of a microstrip hairpin-line microwave bandpass filter on a polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet substrate using small magnetic fields (2011)

Active magnetic tuning of a microstrip hairpin-line coupled resonator bandpass filter fabricated on a polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet substrate has been demonstrated. The filter exhibits a five-pole Chebyshev response with passband center frequency tunability from 8.3 to 9 GHz under low applied H fields of 50–200 Oe. The instantaneous bandwidth was measured to be approximately 1 GHz. During tuning, passband center frequency insertion loss varies between 1 and 1.4 dB. Good agreement between simulated and measured device performance was demonstrated. Advantages of the proposed filter design include planar geometry, compact size, low insertion loss, and low field tunability. The proposed design approach lends itself to the implementation of a wide range of filter responses, including low pass, high pass, bandpass, and band stop, as well as passband characteristics, including center frequency, fractional bandwidth, passband ripple, out-of-band rejection, etc.
Developing Reliable Systems with SDL Design Patterns and Design Components (2004)

SDL is a system design language that is being promoted for the development of reliable systems. In this paper, we apply SDL to capture design solutions to well-known mechanisms found in reliable systems- a watchdog and a heartbeat- for reuse. In particular, we present a methodology to augment system reliability step-by-step, and define and apply generic design solutions for reliable systems expressed as SDL design patterns and design components. These solutions can be integrated into an existing system design, to protect against certain types of system failures. We illustrate the approach by an application to a remote airship flight control over WLAN.
Femoral Neck Length and Hip Fracture Risk (1999)

To determine whether there are differences in femoral skeletal geometry in fracture-prone subjects when size, positioning diagnosis, and age are controlled, we compared femoral measurements made from the uninvolved hip on 119 plane anteroposterior pelvis radiographs of women without fracture to those of the contralateral hip in a group of 43 female patients with hip fractures (neck, 23; intertrochanteric, 20). The hip was imaged in a standardized position of rotation and adduction. Race, age, and musculoskeletal diagnosis were known. Subjects were grouped by diagnosis of the opposite hip condition (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and normal) and compared. Measurements were also analyzed as ratios to head diameter (HD), neck diameter (ND), and pelvic width. Femoral neck length (NL) was measured from skeletal preparations and imaged in controlled positions of abduction and external rotation. No differences were found between the neck and intertrochanteric fracture groups. The differences between the fracture group and the controls were a thinner femoral cortex (measured at a point one head radius below the lesser trochanter) a larger femoral head, and a larger femoral ND in the fracture group (p < 0.025). The difference in cortical thickness was still significant when scaled by size, but the ratio of HD to ND was equivalent in fractures and controls. No difference in femoral NL could be demonstrated. The experimental measurements showed that apparent NL is significantly position sensitive and this may explain previously reported differences in fracture-prone groups.
Stark and hyperfine properties of oxygen difluoride (1985)

Radio frequency transitions within six different rotational levels of oxygen difluoride have been observed in the presence of external electric fields. These data were analyzed in terms of the dipole moment, polarizability anisotropies, spin rotation, and spin–spin interactions: μ=0.308 18(3) D, αaa−αbb=1.389(8) Å3,αaa−αcc=1.883(10) Å3, Maa=59.60(7) kHz, Mbb=25.05(11) kHz, Mcc=51.39(8) kHz, and 〈1/R3〉=0.0941(5) Å−3.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Ion Promoted Hydration of Pendant Alkenes and Its Possible Relationship to Aconitase. (1986)

Abstract Die Hydratation von koordinierten Carboxyalkenen wird untersucht am Beispiel von Aquo‐bis‐[ethylendiamin]‐Co(III)‐Komplexen mit einzähnig ciskoordiniertem Methylmaleat wie in (I) oder Ethylfumarat.
Reverberation Enhancement Systems with Time-Varying Mixing Matrices (2015)

This paper presents a technique to increase the stability of a reverberation enhancement system (RES) via time-variation. RESs are installed in rooms to extend the physical reverberation time via electroacoustic feedback. By introducing variations in the feedback path, the probability that energy builds-up is reduced, and therefore the gain before instability is increased. Time-varying mixing of the feedback paths by unitary matrices is guaranteed to be energy-conserving and introduces variations of the added reverberation generated by a feedback delay network. The theory of time-varying matrices is reviewed and a practical demonstration is given.
Finding reset nondeterminism in RTL designs - scalable X-analysis methodology and case study (2010)

Due to increases in design complexity, routing a reset signal to all registers is becoming more difficult. One way to solve this problem is to reset only certain registers and rely on a software initialization sequence to reset other registers. This approach, however, may allow unknown values (also called X-values) in uninitialized registers to leak to other registers, leaving the design in a nondeterministic state. Although logic simulation can find some X-problems, it is not accurate and may miss bugs. A recent approach based on symbolic simulation can handle Xs accurately; however, it is not scalable. In this work we analyze the characteristics of X-problems and propose a methodology that leverages the accuracy of formal X-analysis and can scale to large designs. This is achieved by our novel partitioning techniques and the intelligent use of waveforms as stimulus. We applied our methodology to an industrial design and successfully identified several Xs unknown to the designers, including three real bugs, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.
PP.19.29 (2015)

Objective: Metabolic and hemodynamic changes induced by fructose overload could be associated with a renal dopaminergic system impairment which may affect activity and expression of renal Na+, K+-ATPase contributing to sodium retention and hypertension. The objective of our study was to determine changes in renal dopamine (DA) production through the measurement of urinary L-dopa/DA index and its relationship with natriuresis, renal expression and activity of Na+, K+-ATPase and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Design and method: Male Sprague Dawley rats were studied: a) Controls (C4, C8, C12: tap water to drink) and b) Fructose overloaded: (F4, F8, F12: 10% w/v of fructose solution to drink), treated during 4, 8 and 12 weeks (n = 8 rats/group/period). Urinary L-dopa and DA were determined by HPLC; diuresis and sodium were measured in 24 hour urine samples. SBP was determined by tail-cuff method. The specific activity of Na+, K+-ATPase and its protein expression were determined by enzymatic and immunofluorescence/western blot techniques, respectively. Results: Fructose overload increased SBP (mmHg, C4: 121 ± 8 vs F4: 145 ± 1*; C8: 130 ± 4 vs F8: 161 ± 10#; C12: 133 ± 5 vs F12: 163 ± 4#), urinary L-dopa/DA index (C4: 0.49 ± 0.05 vs F4: 1.9 ± 0.09#; C8: 0.53 ± 0.06 vs F8: 2.35 ± 0.1#; C12: 0.54 ± 0.07 vs F12: 2.57 ± 0.2#) and decreased urinary sodium excretion. A positive correlation was observed throughout all the treatment period between SBP and urinary L-dopa/DA index (R2 = 0.7816, p = 0.002). These changes were accompanied by an increase in renal Na+, K+-ATPase activity (nmol/mg/min, C4: 120 ± 12 vs F4: 172 ± 16*; C8: 124 ± 16 vs F8: 186 ± 17*; C12: 140 ± 18 vs F12: 223 ± 21#) and its protein expression (arbitrary units, renal cortex: C8: 1.00 ± 0.03 vs F8: 1.94 ± 0.34*; medulla: C4: 1.00 ± 0.03 vs F4: 1.54 ± 0.02#; C8: 1.00 ± 0.02 vs F8: 1.39 ± 0.07#; C12: 1.00 ± 0.02 vs F12: 1.24 ± 0.10*). *p < 0.05, #p < 0.01. Conclusions: Fructose overload leads to an increase in the urinary L-dopa/DA index from 4th week of treatment that correlates positively with SBP, along with an elevation in both, renal Na+, K+-ATPase activity and expression. These findings are in accordance with a decrease in natriuresis, postulating the L-dopa/DA ratio as a good index to evaluate an early renal dysfunction.
The RAS-dependent ERF Control of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Is Mediated by c-Myc Repression (2007)

The ERF transcriptional repressor is a downstream effector of the RAS/ERK pathway that interacts with and is directly phosphorylated by ERKs in vivo and in vitro. This phosphorylation results in its cytoplasmic export and inactivation, although lack of ERK activity allows its immediate nuclear accumulation and repressor function. Nuclear ERFs arrest cell cycle progression in G(1) and can suppress ras-dependent tumorigenicity. Here we provide evidence that ERF function is mediated by its ability to repress transcription of c-Myc. Promoter reporter assays indicate a DNA binding-dependent and repressor domain-dependent Myc transcriptional repression. Chromatin immunoprecipitations in primary cells suggest that ERF specifically binds on the c-Myc promoter in an E2F4/5-dependent manner and only under conditions that the physiological c-Myc transcription is stopped. Cellular systems overexpressing nuclear ERF exhibit reduced c-Myc mRNA and tumorigenic potential. Elimination of Erf in animal models results in increased c-Myc expression, whereas Erf(-)(/)(-) primary fibroblasts fail to down-regulate Myc in response to growth factor withdrawal. Finally, elimination of c-Myc in primary mouse embryo fibroblasts negates the ability of nuclear ERF to suppress proliferation. Thus Erf provides a direct link between the RAS/ERK signaling and the transcriptional regulation of c-Myc and suggests that RAS/ERK attenuation actively regulates cell fate.
Wrist-RoboHab: A robot for treatment and evaluation of brain injury patients (2011)

This article, introduces a new haptic robot, wrist-RoboHab, for upper limb rehabilitation of post stroke, orthopedic and Parkinson patients., The robot is designed for hand movement therapy and could be used for both treatment and evaluation purposes in three operational states; forearm supination/pronation, wrist flexion/extension and ulnar/radial deviation. At first the mechanical design and control system are described. Then the results of a case study are demonstrated. Clinical results, showed an improvement in Fugle-Meyer, AROM, power and the biomechanical assessment of the spasticity in a chronic patient. Furthermore, it was approved that the robot can have a good interaction with both, patient and therapist.
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF NEXT GENERATION SLOW SPEED DIESEL ENGINES DURING SHIP MANOEUVRES (1994)

By extrapolating the current trends in BMEP, maximum cylinder pressure, boost pressure and stroke-bore ratio of large two-stroke direct-drive marine propulsion diesel engines, possible design specification values for the next generation of these engines can be derived. A simulation program was used progressively to achieve such projected engine operating values, starting from a baseline conventional present day engine. A model of the baseline engine was used in conjunction with models of ship and propeller hydrodynamics so as to predict the propulsion system behaviour under transient conditions during ship manoeuvring. These predictions were compared with available shop tests and ship trials data. The engine model is a large, very detailed thermodynamic performance prediction program, where the processes and states of the working fluid are considered in every engine cylinder for each fraction of a crank angle. The structure of the model and the various sub-process models as well as the models for the governor and the engine remote control system are presented. The ship and propeller models are continuous non-linear simulations of manoeuvring and thrust characteristics, which can cover complex models of ship motion, as for example for the ship ahead and turning while the propeller is reversing. The simulation program was used to predict the performance and transient response of a 'next generation' rated engine, coupled to a typical large tanker. The results show that problems may be faced with such high rated engines with the flow range and response of very high boost, single stage turbochargers.
Effects of Intraamygdaloid Injection of Taurine and Valyltaurine on Amygdaloid Kindled Seizure in Rats (1991)

Antiepileptic effects of intracerebral injections of taurine and valyltaurine were examined in amygdaloid kindled rats. The effects were assessed whether the animals can evoke generalized seizures by a 10 microA higher stimulation intensity than triggering thresholds. In all fully-kindled animals that have received intraamygdaloid injection of 500 nmol taurine, the kindled seizure was completely abolished. Such a significant seizure suppression (p less than 0.05) was observed 12-24 h after the taurine injection. Valyltaurine (500 nmol) also suppressed the seizure in 60% of animals tested, but the effect was not statistically significant. The results indicate that taurine may effectively suppress epileptic seizures when it acts directly at the stimulation site amygdala.
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Degradation by Differently Polarized Macrophage Subsets (2020)

We provide evidence that macrophages degrade NETs by extracellular predigestion and subsequent uptake. Furthermore, we show that proinflammatory macrophages increase NET degradation through enhanced macropinocytosis, priming them for NET engulfment. Based on our findings, that inhibition of macropinocytosis in mice corresponded to increased NET amounts in thrombi and that local macrophage density in human abdominal aortic aneurysm is negatively associated with surrounding NETs, we hypothesize, that macrophages are able to degrade NETs in vivo.