gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Differential Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Microstrip Cross Mesh Array Antenna with Large Frequency Ratio (2021)

In this paper, a differential dual-band dual-polarized antenna with large frequency ratio is presented. The proposed antenna consists of 2 orthogonal microstrip grid array and four parasitic patches. The use of differential feed makes isolation and cross-polarization better. By changing the width of 22 selected short sides of microstrip cross mesh array antenna, the gain and the radiation patterns are improved at 29 GHz. The proposed differential dual-band dual-polarized antenna can cover a dual-band of 3 GHz and 29 GHz.
An improved optical heterodyne DPSK receiver to combat laser phase noise (1995)

Presents a method to improve the performance of a standard delay-and-multiply type optical heterodyne binary-DPSK receiver. This is achieved by using separate "weighting" bandpass filters to shape the phase noise corrupted direct and delayed signals before combining and decoding as for the standard receiver. The optimization of a filter parameter allows this "weighted" receiver to exhibit a lower phase noise sensitivity than the standard receiver. The most significant achievement of the weighted receiver is the ability to tradeoff excess signal power to obtain low bit error rates when large amounts of phase noise are present.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Concentration and composition of lipoproteins in blood plasma of the WHHL rabbit. An animal model of human familial hypercholesterolemia. (1982)

Lipoproteins in blood plasma have been quantified and characterized in homozygous Watanabe-heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, an animal model of human familial hypercholesterolemia. Like homozygous human hypercholesterolemics, WHHL rabbits have a severe deficiency of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, a prolonged residence time for LDL, and an increased absolute rate of LDL catabolism. Although lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein B in WHHL rabbits are enriched in cholesteryl esters, their LDL as well as intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) also contain a substantial amount of triglycerides and they consistently exhibit hypertriglyceridemia as well as hypercholesterolemia. The cholesteryl esters accumulating in lipoproteins of WHHL rabbits are rich in cholesteryl linoleate and appear to be produced almost exclusively by lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. Levels of apolipoprotein B-100 are elevated in VLDL and IDL as well as in LDL of WHHL rabbits and only trace amounts of apolipoprotein B-48 are present. Plasma levels of apolipoprotein E are also substantially increased, and VLDL and IDL are enriched in this protein. The accumulation of lipoproteins with the expected characteristics of remnants of hepatogenous triglyceride-rich lipoproteins contrasts with the efficient hepatic clearance of chylomicron remnants in WHHL rabbits.
A human auditory tuning curves matched wavelet function (2008)

This paper proposes a new quantitative approach to the problem of matching a wavelet function to a human auditory tuning curves. The auditory filter shapes were derived from the psychophysical measurements in normal-hearing listeners using the variant of the notched-noise method for brief signals in forward and simultaneous masking. These filters were used as templates for the designing a wavelet function that has the maximum matching to a tuning curve. The scaling function was calculated from the matched wavelet function and by using these functions, low pass and high pass filters were derived for the implementation of a filter bank. Therefore, new wavelet families were derived.
A simplified procedure for separating amniotic fluid phospholipids with thin-layer chromatography. (1984)

A simple, unidimensional, thin-layer-chromatographic separation of amniotic fluid phospholipids involving detection with a phosphorus-specific spray was compared to the two-dimensional, thin-layer-chromatographic method described by Gluck et al. There were close correlations between the two techniques for lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios and for the presence of phosphatidylglycerol. The advantages of the unidimensional method are a shorter procedure time, the ability to analyze multiple samples on a single plate and the simplicity of a single-solvent system.
Kleinformatige Hochleistungswerkzeuge (2019)

Werkzeuge in geringer Größe für anspruchsvolle Aufgabenstellungen sind ein Nischenmarkt. Hier stehen umfassendes Know-how sowie die Bereitschaft zu intensiver Beschäftigung mit den besonderen Anforderungen des jeweiligen Produktionsprozesses eher im Vordergrund als Massenproduktion mit dem Verkauf entsprechender Stückzahlen.
" Cum verbis blandis et sepe nephandis ". Une mission pontificale en Lombardie après la bataille de Bénévent (1266-1267) (2012)

After Manfred's defeat and death (february 26, 1266), the papacy sent several representatives in the city-States of central and northern Italy to help pulling down the Ghibelline regimes. This article gives a detailed account of one of these missions, namely Bernard de Castanet and Bartolomeo of Trevi's intervention at Cremona and Piacenza in 1266-1267. These two papal chaplains were tenacious and successful in their bid to put an end to Oberto Pallavicini's long-time domination. A good number of narrative and official sources shed light on the "nuncii"'s determined action in the political milieu. A major achievement was the establishment of "consortia fidei et pacis" in both Cremona and Piacenza. These civic associations controlled the municipal institutions for the sake of the catholic faith and in the name of the struggle against heresy. Most of all, they secured the obedience of both cities to the Roman Church. The new political order was thus founded on spiritual imperatives. Finally, the papal chaplains managed to settle a general peace agreement between the main Lombard cities under the authority of the Apostolic See (The "Peace of Romano"). Bernard de Castanet played the biggest part in the course of events and revealed his political skill as well as firmness in defending papal theocracy. This first mission opened the way to his ecclesiastical career, despite his probable humble origin.
Human skin detection in the visible and near infrared (2015)

Skin detection is a well-studied area in color imagery and is useful in a number of scenarios to include search and rescue and computer vision. Most approaches focus on color imagery due to cost and availability. Many of the visible-based approaches do well at detecting skin (above 90%) but they tend to have relatively high false-alarm rates (8%-15%). This article presents a novel feature space for skin detection in visible and near infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The features are derived from known spectral absorption of skin constituents to include hemoglobin, melanin, and water as well as scattering properties of the dermis. Fitting a Gaussian mixture to skin and background distributions and using a likelihood ratio test detector, the features presented here show dominating performance when comparing receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROCs) and statistically significant improvement when comparing equal error rates and area under the ROC (AUC). A detection/false-alarm probability of 98.6%/1.1% is achieved for the averaged equal error rate (EER). EER values for the proposed feature space show a 5.6%-11.2% increase in detection probability with a 6.0%-11.6% decrease in false-alarm probability compared to well performing color-based features. The AUC shows a 0.034-0.173 increase in total area under the curve compared to well performing color-based features.
TeHV3 Open reading frames features. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;*The number at the denominator indicates the total length of the portion of the herpesviral homologous protein being compared by BLAST with TeHV3. The number at the numerator indicates the actual number of the amino acid residues of TeHV3 showing similarities with the compared portion of the homologous protein. The percentage summarizes the overall similarity between TeHV3 and the specific herpesvirus homologous protein for the specific motif considered.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;TeHV3 Open reading frames features.&lt;/p&gt;
How is Schizophrenia Diagnosed? (2019)

The diagnosis of schizophrenia cannot be made based on the results of an ob­jective diagnostic test or laboratory measure, though we and others are working towards this. Instead, clinicians diagnose schizophrenia based on behaviour and psychopathology (including the symptoms described in the previous chapter). These require the subjective interpretation of clinicians, but they can be as­sessed reliably. The definitions of major mental illnesses used by clinicians are presented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association (in the United States) and the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD) in other countries. These def­initions are updated from time to time to reflect gains in knowledge, or to reflect modern thinking on the similarities and differences between certain disorders. From one edition to the next, some diagnoses are revised, some are added, and some vanish altogether, only to be replaced or absorbed under other diagnoses. The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia as defined by the most recent version of the DSM (DSM- 5) include the presence of two or more of the following symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or cata­tonic behaviour, and negative symptoms. At least one of the two must be delu­sions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech, while the second symptom type required for diagnosis could be any of the remaining four criteria. The require­ment of delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech maintains the resem­blance of the modern- day diagnosis to that first described by the clinician Emil Kraepelin over a century ago. Kraepelin’s discovery that schizophrenia is marked by a chronic and gradually worsening course is seen in modern- day criteria as well. A DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia requires continuous signs of illness for at least 6 months, during which the individual must show at least 1 month of active symptoms (less if well treated). The diagnosis also requires social or work deterioration over a signifi­cant amount of time. Lastly, the diagnosis requires that the observed symptoms are not due to some other medical condition, including other psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder.
Long-term efficiency of infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: real life data confirm the potential for dose reduction (2016)

We could observe that over a follow-up of 8 years of treatment with infliximab, >85% patients still remained on the same treatment, without any major safety events. Furthermore, both the infusion intervals and also the mean infliximab dose were modestly reduced in ≥70% of the patients without the loss of clinical efficiency.
Yersinia pestis Interacts With SIGNR1 (CD209b) for Promoting Host Dissemination and Infection (2019)

<i>Yersinia pestis</i>, a Gram-negative bacterium and the etiologic agent of plague, has evolved from <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i>, a cause of a mild enteric disease. However, the molecular and biological mechanisms of how <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i> evolved to such a remarkably virulent pathogen, <i>Y. pestis</i>, are not clear. The ability to initiate a rapid bacterial dissemination is a characteristic hallmark of <i>Y. pestis</i> infection. A distinguishing characteristic between the two <i>Yersinia</i> species is that <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i> strains possess an O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) while <i>Y. pestis</i> has lost the O-antigen during evolution and therefore exposes its core LPS. In this study, we showed that <i>Y. pestis</i> utilizes its core LPS to interact with SIGNR1 (CD209b), a C-type lectin receptor on antigen presenting cells (APCs), leading to bacterial dissemination to lymph nodes, spleen and liver, and the initiation of a systemic infection. We therefore propose that the loss of O-antigen represents a critical step in the evolution of <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i> into <i>Y. pestis</i> in terms of hijacking APCs, promoting bacterial dissemination and causing the plague.
The bone marrow stem cell niche grows up: mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages move in (2011)

Stem cell niches are defined as the cellular and molecular microenvironments that regulate stem cell function together with stem cell autonomous mechanisms. This includes control of the balance between quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation, as well as the engagement of specific programs in response to stress. In mammals, the best understood niche is that harboring bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Recent studies have expanded the number of cell types contributing to the HSC niche. Perivascular mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages now join the previously identified sinusoidal endothelial cells, sympathetic nerve fibers, and cells of the osteoblastic lineage to form similar, but distinct, niches that harbor dormant and self-renewing HSCs during homeostasis and mediate stem cell mobilization in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Application of quantized control to human self-rotation maneuvers in microgravity (2007)

We consider motion planning of human self- rotations; that is, human-body rotations without external torques, which are common in microgravity, diving, and gymnastics. In these cases it may be difficult to formulate an objective function that leads to maneuvers that are appropriate for humans to perform in high-stress situations. For example, cognitive complexity of a given motion can be difficult to quantify and incorporate in an objective function. In this paper, we pose the self-rotation planning problem using a quantization of motion, by defining a set of specific finite-time trajectories called motion primitives. By incorporating complexity considerations in the definition of the motion primitives, the quantized control method permits us to develop complete maneuvers that can be easily learned and are well-suited for high-stress situations. An application to astronaut motion is analyzed in order to lower the workload when a reorientation needs to be performed. Using the proposed motion-quantization methodology, we show that difficult-to-perform astronaut maneuvers can be replaced by concatenations of simpler motions, formed from rotations about two axes.
Charles Janeway, Jr. (2003)

Charlie Janeway passed away on April 12, 2003 and with him went a good chunk of immunological creativity.Because several tributes relating to his official accomplishments have already been written, I will focus on the man and scientist as I knew him.Charlie and I met in 1977 in Cambridge, when I was a graduate student visiting a friend and he was a young assistant professor at Yale.Having just read a paper of his in the April edition of Nature, and having decided (with the arrogance of a third-year grad student) that it was wrong, I asked him if it had been an April fool's joke.Without batting an eye, and ignoring my rudeness, Charlie asked me why I thought that.The three of us then spent the next few hours in a pub discussing that paper (which turned out to be right, of course) and many other aspects of immunology, Charlie treating me throughout as an equal despite the differences in our immunological knowledge.This was one of his great features.He loved students and treated us, if we were capable, as colleagues without ever hinting that we should hold our tongues and not argue with the "adults".As well as being a great teacher, Charlie was a pioneer in several immunological fields, tackling problems that mattered, rather than
Heat shock inhibits caspase-1 activity while also preventing its inflammasome-mediated activation by anthrax lethal toxin (2008)

Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) rapidly kills macrophages from certain mouse strains in a mechanism dependent on the breakdown of unknown protein(s) by the proteasome, formation of the Nalp1b (NLRP1b) inflammasome and subsequent activation of caspase-1. We report that heat-shocking LT-sensitive macrophages rapidly protects them against cytolysis by inhibiting caspase-1 activation without upstream effects on LT endocytosis or cleavage of the toxin's known cytosolic substrates (mitogen-activated protein kinases). Heat shock protection against LT occurred through a mechanism independent of de novo protein synthesis, HSP90 activity, p38 activation or proteasome inhibition and was downstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase cleavage and degradation of an unknown substrate by the proteasome. The heat shock inhibition of LT-mediated caspase-1 activation was not specific to the Nalp1b (NLRP1b) inflammasome, as heat shock also inhibited Nalp3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation in macrophages. We found that heat shock induced pro-caspase-1 association with a large cellular complex that could prevent its activation. Additionally, while heat-shocking recombinant caspase-1 did not affect its activity in vitro, lysates from heat-shocked cells completely inhibited recombinant active caspase-1 activity. Our results suggest that heat shock inhibition of active caspase-1 can occur independently of an inflammasome platform, through a titratable factor present within intact, functioning heat-shocked cells.
Abstract 130: Pediatric Cardiac Arrest: Adult Defibrillation Energies are Safe and Effective When Treating a Pediatric Porcine Model (2018)

Objective: When attempting defibrillation in an out-of-hospital pediatric patient, the use of a reduced energy is recommended by the resuscitation guidelines due to concerns surrounding potential myocardial damage. This study investigated the effectiveness (first shock success) and safety (myocardial damage) of using adult defibrillation energies in a pediatric model of cardiac arrest. Methods: Twelve piglets (9.5-25.5 kg; typical weight range of 1 to 8 year old children) were anaesthetized and VF was electrically induced. After 15 seconds of untreated VF, defibrillation was delivered using either Protocol A (adult energies; 150J) or Protocol B (pediatric energies; 75J). Following successful defibrillation, a 3 minute rest period was allowed for the heart to recover before VF was again induced. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for cardiac troponin I (cTnI). After 20 shocks were delivered, each animal remained anaesthetized and monitored for 6 hours. Results: A total of 240 shocks were delivered across both protocols with adult and pediatric energies providing comparable first shock success rates of 98.3% (116/118) and 96.6% (112/116). Prior to the induction of VF, Protocols A and B presented with equivalent median (IQR) levels of cardiac damage marker cTnI; 0.04 (0.02, 0.07) ng/ml ( n =6) and 0.05 (0.03, 0.08) ng/ml ( n =6), respectively. Comparable cTnI results were also observed upon completion of the defibrillation phase: Protocol A – 0.23 (0.12, 0.32) ng/ml; Protocol B – 0.20 (0.12, 0.27) ng/ml. There was 100% (12/12) survival after the 6 hour monitoring period with both protocols presenting similar cTnI: Protocol A – 0.32 (0.27, 0.55) ng/ml; Protocol B – 0.28 (0.20, 0.46) ng/ml. There were no clinically significant differences observed between the adult and pediatric defibrillation energy groups. Furthermore, histopathological evaluation revealed no discernible difference in cardiac damage between energy protocols. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that adult defibrillation energies are as effective in terminating VF and do not produce statistically higher levels of cTnI than pediatric defibrillation energies. These results suggest that adult defibrillation energies are appropriate for the treatment of pediatric cardiac arrest.
Life without complex I: proteome analyses of an Arabidopsis mutant lacking the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase complex (2016)

The mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase complex (complex I) is of particular importance for the respiratory chain in mitochondria. It is the major electron entry site for the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) and therefore of great significance for mitochondrial ATP generation. We recently described an Arabidopsis thaliana double-mutant lacking the genes encoding the carbonic anhydrases CA1 and CA2, which both form part of a plant-specific 'carbonic anhydrase domain' of mitochondrial complex I. The mutant lacks complex I completely. Here we report extended analyses for systematically characterizing the proteome of the ca1ca2 mutant. Using various proteomic tools, we show that lack of complex I causes reorganization of the cellular respiration system. Reduced electron entry into the respiratory chain at the first segment of the mETC leads to induction of complexes II and IV as well as alternative oxidase. Increased electron entry at later segments of the mETC requires an increase in oxidation of organic substrates. This is reflected by higher abundance of proteins involved in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and branched-chain amino acid catabolism. Proteins involved in the light reaction of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle, tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, and photorespiration are clearly reduced, contributing to the significant delay in growth and development of the double-mutant. Finally, enzymes involved in defense against reactive oxygen species and stress symptoms are much induced. These together with previously reported insights into the function of plant complex I, which were obtained by analysing other complex I mutants, are integrated in order to comprehensively describe 'life without complex I'.
Inactivation of p53 provides a competitive advantage to del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome hematopoietic stem cells during inflammation (2023)

Inflammation is associated with the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and emerging evidence suggests that MDS hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) exhibit an altered response to inflammation. Deletion of chromosome 5 (del(5q)) is the most common chromosomal abnormality in MDS. Although this MDS subtype contains several haploinsufficient genes that impact innate immune signaling, the effects of inflammation on del(5q) MDS HSPC remains undefined. Utilizing a model of del(5q)-like MDS, inhibiting the IRAK1/4-TRAF6 axis improved cytopenias, suggesting that activation of innate immune pathways contributes to certain clinical features underlying the pathogenesis of low-risk MDS. However, low-grade inflammation in the del(5q)-like MDS model did not contribute to more severe disease but instead impaired the del(5q)-like HSPC as indicated by their diminished numbers, premature attrition and increased p53 expression. Del(5q)-like HSPC exposed to inflammation became less quiescent, but without affecting cell viability. Unexpectedly, the reduced cellular quiescence of del(5q) HSPC exposed to inflammation was restored by p53 deletion. These findings uncovered that inflammation confers a competitive advantage of functionally defective del(5q) HSPC upon loss of p53. Since TP53 mutations are enriched in del(5q) AML following an MDS diagnosis, increased p53 activation in del(5q) MDS HSPC due to inflammation may create a selective pressure for genetic inactivation of p53 or expansion of a pre-existing TP53-mutant clone.