gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myoglobin Induces Oxidative Stress and Decreases Endocytosis and Monolayer Permissiveness in Cultured Kidney Epithelial Cells without Affecting Viability (2008)

Low concentrations of Mb promote oxidative stress in kidney epithelial cells that manifest as subtle changes to function without decreasing viability. Whether this impairs kidney function in burns patients is not clear.
Microfluidic approaches for the fabrication of gradient cross- linked networks based on PEG and hyperbranched polymers for manipulation of cell interactions (2012)

High-throughput methods allow rapid examination of parameter space to characterize materials and develop new polymeric formulations for biomaterials applications. One limitation is the difficulty of preparing libraries and performing high-throughput screening with conventional instrumentation and sample preparation. Here, we describe the fabrication of substrate materials with controlled gradients in composition by a rapid method of micromixing followed by a photopolymerization reaction. Specifically, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDM) was copolymerized with a hyperbranched multimethacrylate (P1000MA or H30MA) in a gradient manner. The extent of methacrylate conversion and the final network composition were determined by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and mechanical properties were measured by nanoindentation. A relationship was observed between the elastic modulus and network crosslinking density. Roughness and hydrophilicity were elevated on surfaces with a higher concentration of P1000MA. These results likely relate to a phase segregation process of the hyperbranched macromer that occurs during the photopolymerization reaction. On the other hand, the decrease in the final conversion in H30MA polymerization reactions was attributed to the lower termination rate as a consequence of the softening of the network. Valvular interstitial cell (VIC) attachment was evaluated on these gradient substrates as a demonstration of studying cell morphology as a function of the local substrate properties. Data revealed that the presence of P1000MA affects cell-material interaction with a higher number of adhered cells and more cell spreading on gradient regions with a higher content of the multifunctional crosslinker.
Motion control of Passive Robot Porter with variable motion characteristics for handling a single object (2007)

In this paper, we introduce omni-directional object handling robot system developed based on passive robotics and propose its motion control algorithm for realizing variable motion characteristics of the handling object. Passive object handling robot called PRP (Passive Robot Porter) is controlled by servo brakes attached to the wheels of the robot. By designing the control algorithms of the servo brakes appropriately, the PRP has many functions such as navigation function and collision avoidance. In this paper, we especially focus on a motion control of the PRP for realizing variable motion characteristics of the handling object. If we can change the motion characteristics of it arbitrarily based on the servo brake control of the PRP, the maneuverability of the human operator would be improved. In this paper, we design the motion control algorithm and implement it to the PRP experimentally. Experimental results of the object handling illustrate the validity of the proposed method.
Near-infrared fluorescence sentinel lymph node detection in gastric cancer: A pilot study (2016)

This study shows successful use of ICG:Nanocoll as lymphatic tracer for SLN detection in gastric cancer. Moreover, tumor-containing LNs outside the standard dissection planes were identified.
MicroRNA promoter element discovery in Arabidopsis (2006)

In this study we present a method of identifying Arabidopsis miRNA promoter elements using known transcription factor binding motifs. We provide a comparative analysis of the representation of these elements in miRNA promoters, protein-coding gene promoters, and random genomic sequences. We report five transcription factor (TF) binding motifs that show evidence of overrepresentation in miRNA promoter regions relative to the promoter regions of protein-coding genes. This investigation is based on the analysis of 800-nucleotide regions upstream of 63 experimentally verified Transcription Start Sites (TSS) for miRNA primary transcripts in Arabidopsis. While the TATA-box binding motif was also previously reported by Xie and colleagues, the transcription factors AtMYC2, ARF, SORLREP3, and LFY are identified for the first time as overrepresented binding motifs in miRNA promoters.
Diaphragmatic nitric oxide synthase is not induced during mechanical ventilation (2006)

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is associated with diaphragmatic oxidative stress that contributes to both diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction. However, the pathways responsible for oxidant production in the diaphragm during MV remain unknown. To address this issue, we tested the hypothesis that diaphragmatic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity is elevated during MV resulting in nitration of diaphragmatic proteins. Rats were mechanically ventilated for 18 hours and time matched, anesthetized, but spontaneously breathing animals served as controls. Diaphragmatic NOS activity, protein levels of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS were measured and 3-nitrotyrosine levels were also determined as an index of protein nitration. MV did not promote an increase in diaphragmatic protein levels of eNOS, nNOS or total NOS activity. Moreover, iNOS was not detected in the diaphragms of either experimental group. Consistent with these findings, MV did not elevate diaphragmatic 3-nitrotyrosine levels in any sub-cellular fraction of the diaphragm including the cytosolic, mitochondrial, membrane, and insoluble protein fractions. Collectively, these data indicate that MV-induced oxidative stress in the diaphragm is not due to increases in nitric oxide production by NOS. This work supported by NIH RO1 HL072789 (S.K.P) and NIH T32 HD043730 (D.J.F).
A novel synthetic derivative of human erythropoietin designed to bind to glycosaminoglycans (2012)

To synthesize long-acting and antiangiogenic erythropoietin to be clinically applied for treatment of patients with solid tumors, we synthesized a hybrid molecule of human erythropoietin added onto the C-terminus with a heparin-binding motif of human PLGF-2 to develop a novel derivative of long-acting and antiangiogenic erythropoietin: heparin-binding erythropoietin (HEPO), and studied the characteristics of this novel erythropoietin derivative. HEPO cDNA was synthesized, expressed in insect cells, and the protein was purified using a heparin-sepharose affinity column. The erythropoietic and angiogenic effects of the partially purified protein were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. The erythropoietic activity of the protein was equivalent to natural EPO in vitro. In vivo administration of the protein to mice revealed its long-acting erythropoietic activity as expected. Administration of the protein inhibited angiogenesis in a mouse limb ischemia model. In conclusion, the heparin-binding motif of PLGF-2 may act as, so to speak, a superendostatin. This novel long-acting erythropoietin derivative may have an advantage to inhibit tumor growth while preserving hematopoietic and tissue-protective effects.
Effects of multivitamin, mineral and herbal supplement on cognition in younger adults and the contribution of B group vitamins (2014)

Multivitamin supplementation may be useful for maintaining levels of B vitamins. The effects of multivitamins on speeded attention such as the stroop task in young adults warrant further investigation.
A frequency-locked loop based on an oxide electrothermal filter in standard CMOS (2017)

The thermal diffusivity of silicon D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Si</sub> has been used to realize fully-CMOS frequency references. However, due to the temperature dependence of Dg, the accuracy of such frequency references is limited to about 1000 ppm (-55 °C to 125 °C, one-point trim) due to the inaccuracy of the on-chip temperature compensation circuitry. As an alternative, we propose a frequency reference based on the thermal diffusivity of silicon dioxide Dox. Since the temperature dependence of Dqx is much less than that of Dg, the resulting frequency reference will be much more stable over temperature. To investigate this idea, a thermal-diffusivity-based frequency-locked loop (FLL) was realized in 0.18-μm CMOS. With ideal temperature compensation, the proposed frequency reference achieves an inaccuracy of 90 ppm (-45 °C to 85 °C, two-point trim). Even with 0.1 °C inaccuracy, which can be achieved by BJT-based temperature sensors, 200 ppm can still be achieved. This demonstrates the feasibility of high-accuracy oxide-based frequency references in standard CMOS.
Targeted nanotherapy for kidney diseases: a comprehensive review (2022)

Kidney diseases represent a major public health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. Moreover, the treatment of kidney diseases is burdened by the problematic effects of conventional drug delivery, such as systemic drug toxicity, rapid drug clearance, and the absence of precise targeting of the kidney. Although the use of nanotechnology in medicine is in its early stage and lacks robust translational studies, nanomedicines have already shown great promise as novel drug-delivery systems for the treatment of kidney disease. On the basis of our current knowledge of renal anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology of kidney diseases, and physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles, an expansive repertoire and wide use of nanomedicines could be developed for kidney diseases in the near future. Some limitations have slowed the transition of these agents from preclinical studies to clinical trials, however. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on renal drug-delivery systems and recent advances in renal cell targeting; we also demonstrate their important potential as future paradigm-shifting therapies for kidney diseases.
Surface Studies on Single-Crystal Germanium (1957)

The condition of the surface of germanium crystals has been studied by chemical, electron microscope, electron diffraction, and other techniques after several of the standard etching procedures. The surface is often partially covered by particles believed to be germanium monoxide. An etch has been devised which gives a controlled thickness of germanium monoxide on the crystal. Another etch minimizes the oxide formation. A simple light-scattering method for checking the surface cleanliness is described. The results of surface recombination velocity and channel effect measurements on crystals treated by these methods are described as is a method for obtaining low surface recombination on n-type crystals.
Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis (1987)

Evidence on the safety and efficacy of methotrexate as a second- or third-line agent for treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis is reviewed. Four placebo-controlled clinical trials have documented short-term benefit from methotrexate; although true remission is rare, patients receiving methotrexate showed a 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17% to 35%) greater improvement in their inflamed joint count and a 39% (95% CI, 26% to 51.5%) greater improvement in pain than did controls receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents with or without prednisone. With respect to long-term benefit, improvement usually occurs within 1 month, reaching a maximum at 6 and then leveling off for the duration of treatment; in some patients, the benefit may wane after an initial satisfactory response in the first 4 to 6 months. In one third of those given methotrexate, treatment had to be discontinued because of adverse effects, less than 1% of which were life threatening. Careful baseline and follow-up monitoring is recommended until more data on the safety of methotrexate are available.
iForest: Interpreting Random Forests via Visual Analytics (2018)

As an ensemble model that consists of many independent decision trees, random forests generate predictions by feeding the input to internal trees and summarizing their outputs. The ensemble nature of the model helps random forests outperform any individual decision tree. However, it also leads to a poor model interpretability, which significantly hinders the model from being used in fields that require transparent and explainable predictions, such as medical diagnosis and financial fraud detection. The interpretation challenges stem from the variety and complexity of the contained decision trees. Each decision tree has its unique structure and properties, such as the features used in the tree and the feature threshold in each tree node. Thus, a data input may lead to a variety of decision paths. To understand how a final prediction is achieved, it is desired to understand and compare all decision paths in the context of all tree structures, which is a huge challenge for any users. In this paper, we propose a visual analytic system aiming at interpreting random forest models and predictions. In addition to providing users with all the tree information, we summarize the decision paths in random forests, which eventually reflects the working mechanism of the model and reduces users' mental burden of interpretation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our system, two usage scenarios and a qualitative user study are conducted.
Total synthesis of natural ambruticin (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of natural ambruticinAndrew S. Kende, Yasuhiro Fujii, and Jose S. MendozaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 26, 9645–9646Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00182a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00182a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views624Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Lipoxins A4 and B4: comparison of icosanoids having bronchoconstrictor and vasodilator actions but lacking platelet aggregatory activity. (1988)

Lipoxins A4 (LxA4) and B4 (LxB4), two lipoxygenase-generated icosanoids of arachidonic acid metabolism, were found to have a distinct biological profile. Both LxA4 and LxB4 slowly contracted pulmonary parenchymal strips isolated from guinea pigs, rabbits, and rats in a concentration-dependent manner over the range 0.1-1 microM. This bronchoconstrictor effect was not associated with release of peptide leukotrienes or thromboxane A2, nor was it blocked by lipoxygenase inhibitors or thromboxane receptor antagonists, suggesting it is a direct effect of lipoxins. However, the leukotriene D4 (LTD4) receptor antagonist LY-171883 reduced the LxA4 response, indicating that LTD4 and LxA4 may share the same receptor. LxA4 and LxB4 also exerted an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in guinea pig, rat, and, to a lesser extent, rabbit aortic vascular smooth muscle. In contrast to other vasoactive icosanoids, LxA4 and LxB4 failed to aggregate rat, rabbit, or guinea pig platelets or to inhibit ADP-induced aggregation. LxA4 also enhanced the release of liver lysosomal hydrolases in a liver large granule fraction, indicating a lysosomal labilizing action of LxA4. LxA4 and LxB4 share a similar biological profile. It is not clear yet whether the lipoxins could be mediators of circulatory or pulmonary disease states.
Laser Machining of Thin Films and Integrated Circuits (1968)

The feasibility of using the YAG laser as a tool to thermally machine integrated circuits has been studied. Results suggest that defining the resistor geometry, trimming the resistors to value, fabricating gap capacitors, and defining interconnecting circuitry might be performed by such a laser. Pattern generation by laser machining has been demonstrated on various thin and electroplated films. Vaporized lines (gaps) are readily attainable as fine as 0.25 mil in thin films and 0.4 mil in plated films. Much thinner lines may be obtained under particularly well-controlled conditions. These films may be removed with minimum effect to the substrate surface. The heat-affected region of the substrate may be confined to less than one film thickness. Better laser output control and shorter pulse widths will diminish this thickness. Gap capacitors have been made on sapphire substrates with capacitance approaching 20 pf in 0.04 square inches, and experiments suggest improvements. Tantalum films may be shaped to resistor geometries and trimmed to tolerance by removing metal or by oxidizing the resistive film with the laser. Resistors usually can be trimmed to tolerances of less than ±0.1 per cent. With further development it might be possible to combine these laser machining processes into a single-step, automated fabricating procedure for certain types of integrated circuits. We review some of the technical aspects of this and discuss using Q-spoiled YAG lasers to directly machine masks for photoetching.
Very compact high performance microchannel plate neutron collimators (2003)

The angular spread of a neutron beam is usually defined by the quality of neutron collimators used in most neutron scattering experiments as well as in boron capture therapy. A typical collimator consists of a large number of parallel plates coated with neutron absorbing material, and at present these plates are at least few centimeters in length. In order to obtain collimation in both vertical and horizontal planes, two orthogonally aligned collimators should be installed in the neutron beam. We present a new type of high performance neutron collimator made with /sup 157/Gd-doped microchannel plates (MCPs). The thickness of such collimators is on the scale of only few millimeters and the rocking curve is expected to be even sharper than that of conventional 0.5/spl deg/ collimators. While collimation is performed in two perpendicular planes simultaneously, the geometry of these new collimators can be changed so that the degree of collimation in each direction is controlled independently. The modeling of the proposed collimator indicates that for the existing MCP technology the rocking curve can be made as sharp as 0.2/spl deg/ FWHM, which can be further improved by current developments in the MCP technology. The preliminary experimental evaluation of our first very thin (only 0.6 mm) MCP collimators confirms the accuracy of our numerical model.
MIMO Optical Wireless Receiver Using Photodetectors with Different Fields of View (2015)

This paper describes a new form of receiver for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) optical wireless communications. The new receiver uses a number of photodetectors (PDs), all facing in the same direction but with different fields of view (FOVs). This enables a compact planar receiver structure. The performance of the receiver is analyzed for an indoor visible light communications system where LED lights are used as data transmitters. It is shown that the MIMO channel matrix has full rank for typical receiver positions and that for a given number of PDs, the new receiver provides much greater diversity than a conventional receiver of the same overall dimensions in which all of the PDs have the same FOV. Finally the overall bit error rate (BER) is presented for systems using asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) as the modulation scheme. Results are presented for both zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization in the receiver. It is shown that the BER varies with receiver position, with relatively high values in the center and the corners of the room.
A speckle-tracking strain-based artificial neural network model to differentiate cardiomyopathy type (2019)

<i>Objectives.</i> In heart failure, invasive angiography is often employed to differentiate ischaemic from non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. We aim to examine the predictive value of echocardiographic strain features alone and in combination with other features to differentiate ischaemic from non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, using artificial neural network (ANN) and logistic regression modelling. <i>Design.</i> We retrospectively identified 204 consecutive patients with an ejection fraction <50% and a diagnostic angiogram. Patients were categorized as either ischaemic (<i>n</i> = 146) or non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (<i>n</i> = 58). For each patient, left ventricular strain parameters were obtained. Additionally, regional wall motion abnormality, 13 electrocardiographic (ECG) features and six demographic features were retrieved for analysis. The entire cohort was randomly divided into a derivation and a validation cohort. Using the parameters retrieved, logistic regression and ANN models were developed in the derivation cohort to differentiate ischaemic from non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, the models were then tested in the validation cohort. <i>Results.</i> A final strain-based ANN model, full feature ANN model and full feature logistic regression model were developed and validated, <i>F</i><sub>1</sub> scores were 0.82, 0.79 and 0.63, respectively. <i>Conclusions.</i> Both ANN models were more accurate at predicting cardiomyopathy type than the logistic regression model. The strain-based ANN model should be validated in other cohorts. This model or similar models could be used to aid the diagnosis of underlying heart failure aetiology in the form of the online calculator (https://cimti.usj.edu.lb/strain/index.html) or built into echocardiogram software.
Optimization of InP APDs for High-Speed Lightwave Systems (2009)

Calculations based on a rigorous analytical model are carried out to optimize the width of the indium phosphide avalanche region in high-speed direct-detection avalanche photodiode-based optical receivers. The model includes the effects of intersymbol interference (ISI), tunneling current, avalanche noise, and its correlation with the stochastic avalanche duration, as well as dead space. A minimum receiver sensitivity of -28 dBm is predicted at an optimal width of 0.18 mum and an optimal gain of approximately 13, for a 10 Gb/s communication system, assuming a Johnson noise level of 629 noise electrons per bit. The interplay among the factors controlling the optimum sensitivity is confirmed. Results show that for a given transmission speed, as the device width decreases below an optimum value, increased tunneling current outweighs avalanche noise reduction due to dead space, resulting in an increase in receiver sensitivity. As the device width increases above its optimum value, the receiver sensitivity increases as device bandwidth decreases, causing ISI to dominate avalanche noise and tunneling current shot noise.