gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-mode lasers and parity-time symmetry broken gratings based on active dielectric-loaded long-range surface plasmon polariton waveguides (2015)

Single-mode distributed feedback laser structures and parity-time symmetry broken grating structures based on dielectric-loaded long-range surface plasmon polariton waveguides are proposed. The structures comprise a thin Ag stripe on an active polymer bottom cladding with an active polymer ridge. The active polymer assumed is PMMA doped with IR140 dye providing optical gain at near infrared wavelengths. Cutoff top ridge dimensions (thickness and width) are calculated using a finite element method and selected to guarantee single-mode operation of the laser. Several parameters such as the threshold number of periods and the lasing wavelength are determined using the transfer matrix method. A related structure based on two pairs of waveguides of two widths, which have the same imaginary part but different real part of effective index, arranged within one grating period, is proposed as an active grating operating at the threshold for parity-time symmetry breaking (i.e., operating at an exceptional point). Such "exceptional point" gratings produce ideal reflectance asymmetry as demonstrated via transfer matrix computations.
Improved adaptive sampling method utilizing Gaussian process regression for prediction of spectral peak structures (2018)

Materials informatics exploiting machine learning techniques has the potential to afford high-throughput experiments. In the various spectroscopies widely used in the research fields of materials science and physics, detailed peak structures provide vitally important information. Here, we propose an improved adaptive sampling method for such spectroscopies, which utilizes Gaussian process regression with a new heuristic evaluation function. Application of this method to various spectroscopies reveals that it enables prediction of detailed peak structures using fewer sampling points while preserving the required accuracy. Our method reduces the measurement time and cost and thus increases the throughput of sample characterization.
THE RESPIRATION OF POSTINFARCTION RAT HEART MITOCHONDRIA DURING THE OXIDATION OF VARIOUS SUBSTRATES (2010)

ˇOoˇ﷿Oa﷿‡U˜ÂaeŒ aeaeoÂ‰O‚‡I‡ aeŒO﷿OaeU¸ OOaoOoÂIˇ ŒaeoO﷿O‰‡ IUOiOI‰﷿ˇI (A') OOaeUIU‡﷿ŒUIOaO I- OŒ‡﷿‰‡ Œ﷿sae O﷿ OŒaeoÂI aeUŒˆI‡U‡, I‡o‡U‡ aoUU‡I‡U‡. ˇOŒ‡A‡IO U‚Âo˜ÂIÂ ae‚OAEO‰IOaO ‰si‡Iˇ A', aeIEÂIÂ aeUÂOÂI aeOO﷿ˇEÂIˇ OŒaeoÂIˇ UOaeUO﷿o﷿O‚‡Iˇ. ˇ﷿ OŒaeoÂI I‡o‡U‡ aoUU‡I‡U‡ aeUÂOÂI¸ I‡﷿UÂIO ‚s﷿‡EÂI‡ aeo‡AEÂÂ, ˜ÂI O﷿ OŒaeoÂI aeUŒˆI‡U‡. ˛AEaeUE‰‡ÂUaeˇ O﷿Â‰OOoOEÂIÂ, ˜UO ˝U AIÂIÂIˇ OAEUaeoO‚oÂIs ˝I‰OaÂIIsI E﷿IsI ŒaeoOU‡I. ˚o˛˜Â‚sÂ aeoO‚‡: IUOiOI‰﷿, OOaeUIU‡﷿ŒUIsO IOŒ‡﷿‰, OŒaeoUÂo¸IOÂ UOaeUO﷿o﷿O‚‡IÂ, E﷿IsÂ Œae- oOUs. The rate of oxygen intake by mitochondria of (MCh) postinfarction myocardium of rats during the oxidation of succinate, malate and glutamate was polarographically investigated. An increase in free respiration of MCh, reduction of the degree of coupling of oxidation and phosphorylation were displayed. The degree of impairment is less pronounced during the oxidation of malate and glutamate than during the oxidation of succinate. The assumption that these changes are caused by endogenous fatty acids is discussed.
A Highly Enantioselective Receptor for N-Protected Glutamate and Anomalous Solvent-Dependent Binding Properties (2002)

Solvation of the macrocycle by polar solvents leads to strong binding of an N-protected excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter. A 1:1 complex forms highly enantioselectively between the macrocycle and N-Boc-L-glutamate (as the dicarboxylate anion, see picture) in CH3CN and DMSO (with a larger entropic driving force for binding), but no binding occurs in the less competitive solvent CDCl3. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2002/z19311_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Characterization of a R115777 Resistant Human Multiple Myeloma Cell Line with Cross-Resistance to PS-341. (2004)

Abstract Multiple myeloma is an incurable disease where new treatment strategies are required to improve on current treatment standards. Based on this knowledge we have performed a phase II clinical trial testing the farnesyltransferase inhibitor R115777 in patients with relapsed myeloma (Alsina M. et al, Blood 2004). R115777 was found to have a favorable toxicity profile and 64% of patients achieved disease stabilization. RAS mutation and inhibition of farnesyltransferase did not correlate with clinical efficacy; findings consistent with our prior observation that R115777 induces apoptosis via a Ras independent mechanism (Beaupre D.M. et al, Mol. Cancer Ther. 2004). In order to further characterize the mechanisms by which R115777 induces apoptosis in myeloma cells and to investigate drug resistance, we have identified and characterized a R115777 resistant human myeloma cell line. 8226/S cells were cultured continuously in increasing concentrations of R115777 for over 6 months. 8226/R5 cells were found to be nearly 50 times more resistant to R115777 compared to the parent cell line. K-Ras remained prenylated in both resistant and sensitive cells after R115777 treatment; however, HDJ-2 farnesylation was inhibited in both lines implying that farnesyltranseferase (the drug target) is not modified. 8226/R5 cells were also resistant to a diverse group of anti-tumor agents including PS-341. Many 8226 lines that acquire drug resistance have elevated expression of P-glycoprotein. We found that P-glycoprotein expression is not increased in the 8226/R5 line and furthermore influx and efflux of R115777 was similar in both parent and resistant cells. Expression of the drug resistance proteins hsp27, 70, and 90 were also not increased. Comparison of 8226/S and 8226/R5 gene expression profiles revealed increased expression of JAK2 in resistant cells. Interestingly, STAT3 phosphorylation was significantly increased in the 8226/R5 line consistent with its reported role in myeloma drug resistance. Experiments are underway to delineate the contribution of JAK2 to the multidrug resistant phenotype. Characterization of aberrant JAK2 activation is relevant since constitutive STAT3 activity is frequently observed in primary myeloma isolates.
Mesures de pertes dans un supraconducteur à haute température critique alimenté en courant sinusoïdal et non sinusoïdal. (2000)

L'utilisation des supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique pour le transport du courant electrique alternatif presente l'avantage par rapport aux conducteurs classiques de n'avoir que peu de pertes et par rapport aux supraconducteurs a basse temperature critique d'utiliser l'azote liquide pour etre refroidi. Ses inconvenients restent son cout important et la relative faible densite de courant permise. Du fait de l'association convertisseur statique machine dans les systemes de genie electrique, les courants sont souvent non sinusoidaux. C'est pourquoi cette etude porte sur les pertes dans un supraconducteur alimente par un courant sinusoidal puis non sinusoidal provenant d'un gradateur. Dans de nombreux cas l'estimation et la mesure des pertes sont importantes. La prevision theorique de celles-ci est basee sur le modele de Bean et l'etude des pertes en champ propre. Les mesures de pertes peuvent etre realisees soit par mesure calorimetrique soit par mesure electrique comme dans cet etude.
Accounting System: A Fine-Grained CPU Resource Protection Mechanism for Embedded System (2006)

In ubiquitous computing environments, our daily lives will be made convenient by embedded intelligent devices. Those devices, such as car navigation systems, personal digital assistances, and cellular phones, provide various kinds of the complex services. Those devices are networked with each other and provide complicated services, through the Internet. While they provide useful services, there is an increasing possibility of security attacks, which include the unexpected execution of unsecure codes. Current information appliances have not yet fully embodied a resource protection mechanism that prevents misbehaved applications from consuming the whole CPU capacity of system resources. In this paper, we propose accounting system, and describe its design and implementation. The system is a resource monitoring and restriction system that has the purpose of improving the system's reliability and security. We developed the system on Linux. Our system is a very generic to offer various services, such as security improvement, overload control, and class-based accounting, that require CPU resource control
Evolution of the Surface Performance-Graded Specification for Chip Seal Binders (2017)

Over the past 15 years, a surface performance-graded (SPG) specification for chip seal binders has been developed by the Texas Department of Transportation and has been validated with laboratory measurements and the visual field performance of 120 highway sections. The SPG specification was established in an effort to extend the service life of chip seals by providing a binder grading system and an associated selection method that ( a) accounted for differences in climate and ( b) used existing equipment and performance-based properties that precluded bleeding and aggregate loss in the critical first year of service after construction. A multiyear implementation effort of this specification is ongoing. This paper describes the motivation and evolution of the SPG specification, including a summary of the validation effort and a round robin testing program with the Texas Department of Transportation and suppliers of chip seal binders. Binder selection guidelines that use this specification are provided.
A low-complexity unequal error protection of H.264/AVC video using adaptive hierarchical QAM (2006)

In this paper, a low-complexity unequal error protection (UEP) of H.264/AVC coded video using adaptive hierarchical quadrature amplitude modulation (HQAM), which takes into consideration the non-uniformly distributed importance of intracoded frame (I-frame) and predictive coded frame (P-frame) is proposed. Simulation results show that in terms of average peak signal-to-noise ratio (average PSNR), our proposed (EEP) scheme outperforms the equal error protection (EEP) by up to 5 dB
Death receptor 5 expression is inversely correlated with prostate cancer progression (2014)

Prostate carcinoma (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been widely used to predict the outcome of PCa and screening with PSA has resulted in a decline in mortality. However, PSA is not an optimal prognostic tool as its sensitivity may be too low to reduce morbidity and mortality. Consequently, there is a demand for additional robust biomarkers for prostate cancer. Death receptor 5 (DR5) has been implicated in the prognosis of several cancers and it has been previously shown that it is negatively regulated by Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in prostate cancer cell lines. The present study investigated the clinical significance of DR5 expression in a prostate cancer patient cohort and its correlation with YY1 expression. Immunohistochemical analysis of protein expression distribution was performed using tissue microarray constructs from 54 primary PCa and 39 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) specimens. DR5 expression was dramatically reduced as a function of higher tumor grade. By contrast, YY1 expression was elevated in PCa tumors as compared with that in PIN, and was increased with higher tumor grade. DR5 had an inverse correlation with YY1 expression. Bioinformatic analyses corroborated these data. The present findings suggested that DR5 and YY1 expression levels may serve as progression biomarkers for prostate cancer.
Synchronization in OFDM powerline communication systems in presence of narrowband interferences (2003)

Residential power lines provide a low-cost alternative for the establishment of broadband home networks to wireless or twisted-pair phone-line channels. In addition to being subjected to a variety of noise and distortion sources, the received signal in a power line communication system is also affected by narrowband interferences, primarily from amateur and short wave radios. Though the effect of such jammers on data demodulation in OFDM systems can be largely circumvented by coding techniques, acquisition algorithms such as symbol synchronization which are performed at beginning of each packet are quite adversely affected. That in turn hampers the reliable demodulation of the entire packet. In this paper, we present a symbol synchronization method which is quite robust even when the signal to interference ratio in the channel is quite low. The proposed technique is tested on an OFDM communication system designed for high rate communication over power lines.
Self-piercing riveting of aluminum alloy and thermoplastic composites (2014)

In the present study, the feasibility of joining PA6-matrix thermoplastic composite panel and aluminum alloy is considered. Self-piercing riveting processes of PA6 panels, PA6 composite panels with reinforcing fibers (glass fiber and carbon fiber), and 5754 aluminum alloy sheets are systematically investigated. Macro characterizations of the appearance and transverse sections of the self-piercing riveting joints were conducted to provide more comprehensive understanding of the composite deformation during riveting process. In particular, the effect of reinforcing fibers on the composite deformation behaviors was characterized. Lap-shear testing of the self-piercing riveting joints was performed to evaluate joint strength, and characterization of the fractured joints as well as failure mechanics analysis was conducted to investigate the underlying failure mechanisms of the self-piercing riveting joints. The effects of reinforced fibers on the failure mechanisms and mechanical performance were also discussed. The results showed that self-piercing riveting is an effective technique for joining fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite panels and aluminum alloy sheets. In addition, self-piercing riveting joints with glass fiber reinforced composite failed in a bearing mode and exhibited improved joint strength compared with the PA6 matrix; while self-piercing riveting joints with carbon fiber reinforced composite exhibited slightly decreased joint strength but significantly reduced ductility, owing to the brittleness of the carbon fiber reinforced composite.
Signaling LDP Label Advertisement Completion (2010)

There are situations following Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) session establishment where it would be useful for an LDP speaker to know when its peer has advertised all of its labels. The LDP specification provides no mechanism for an LDP speaker to notify a peer when it has completed its initial label advertisements to that peer. This document specifies means for an LDP speaker to signal completion of its initial label advertisements following session establishment.
Randomized, Single-Blind, Multicenter Phase II Study of Two Doses of Imetelstat in Relapsed or Refractory Myelofibrosis (2021)

In this phase II study of two imetelstat doses, 9.4 mg/kg once every 3 weeks demonstrated clinical benefits in symptom response rate, with an acceptable safety profile for this poor-risk JAKi R/R population. Biomarker and bone marrow fibrosis assessments suggested selective effects on the malignant clone. A confirmatory phase III study is currently underway.
Modeling the survivability ofSalmonella typhimuriumin the chicken cecae using an anaerobic continuous-culture of chicken cecal bacteria (2000)

AbstractAn anaerobic continuous-culture containing 29-different bacterial isolates of normal avian microflora obtained from the cecae of adult chickens was used to model the survivability of Salmonella typhimurium in the avian cecae. When the continuous-culture was challenged with S. typhimurium at concentrations between 101-105 log10 CFU the pathogen was unable to survive within the culture. When challenged with 106 CFU S. typhimurium, the number of Salmonella CFU decreased to 102 within 5-days, however S. typhimurium was not cleared from the culture and remained at a concentration of 102 for 65-days at which time the fermentation was terminated. When chicks were provided the continuous-culture on day-of-hatch, then challenged with S. typhimurium two days later with up to 104 CFU Salmonella, no cecal colonization was observed 5-days after challenge. However chicks challenged with 106 CFU Salmonella averaged 102S. typhimurium in cecal contents five days later. Chicks provided the continuous-culture on day-of-hatch and challenged with 102 or 104 CFU Salmonella had significantly (P&lt;0.05) fewer cecal Salmonella compared to untreated chicks. Salmonella challenge did not effect chick cecal or continuous-culture fermentation parameters and fermentation parameters within the continuous-culture and chick cecae were similar. Based upon similar fermentation parameters and Salmonella colonization levels it appears that this anaerobic continuous-culture of cecal bacteria is an excellent model of the cecae of chickens, and may serve as a valuable tool that can be used to better understand the interactions between Salmonella and normal avian flora in the cecae, which is the primary reservoir of Salmonella in commercial poultry.
[Implant therapy following trauma of the anterior teeth – a new method for alveolar ridge preservation after post-traumatic ankylosis and external root resorption]. (2013)

The therapy of traumatized front teeth with ankylosis and additional root resorption is a real challenge for the clinician. Due to the infraposition ankylosed teeth are useless and esthetically unsatisfactory. The progressive replacement resorption and the vertical growth inhibition render an intervention inevitable. In the following case report, the prophylaxis of the alveolar ridge is brought into focus. The treatment of two ankylosed teeth by decoronation, preservation of the alveolar ridge and an implant-supported supraconstruction will be presented. The additional histological assessment confirms the diagnosis and the choice of treatment.
Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein (ApPP): proteolytic processing, secretases and βA4 amyloid production (1994)

AbstractThe major component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid is the 4 kDa peptide βA4 which is produced from an integral membrane protein (amyloid beta precursor protein, AβPP) by proteolytic processing. Cleavage of the βA4 domain from the precursor protein is part of a complex process which results in the release of AβPP from the membrane. AβPP is released by cleavage within the βA4 domain by a putative a-secretase. However, other cleavage sites exist, one of them being located at the NH2-terminus of βA4. Several factors such as genetic mutations within or near the βA4 domain, inappropriate production of AβPP isoforms, increased AβPP synthesis, or alterations in AβPP trafficking seem to favor this “amyloidogenic” cleavage, which is due to β-secretase activity. A major determining event in the production of βA4 amyloidogenic species appears to be the COOH-terminal cleavage, due to γ-secretase activity. This generates species either of 39/40 residues or longer species of 42/43/44 residues which have a greater tendency to aggregate. A central focus of current research is to elucidate the cellular trafficking and targeting of AβPP in order to understand how the various proteolytic systems operate and are selected. This could lead to the development of therapeutic agents which control the formation, aggregation or mobilization of cerebral amyloid in Alzheimer's disease.Key Words: AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN (AβPP, APP)βA4 AMYLOIDPROTEOLYTIC PROCESSINGSECRETASEALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Study of transitions in thulium atoms in the 410–420-nm range for laser cooling (2008)

The possibility of laser cooling of thulium atoms is considered. The hyperfine structure of almost cyclic 4f136s2 (Jg = 7/2) ↔ 4f125d3/26s2 (Je = 9/2) and 4f136s2 (Jg = 7/2) ↔ 4f125d5/26s2 (Je = 9/2) transitions at 410.6 and 420.4 nm, respectively, is studied by the method of sub-Doppler saturation spectroscopy in counterpropagating laser beams. The hyperfine splitting of excited levels involved in these transitions is measured and the natural linewidths of these transitions are determined. The structure of the neighbouring 4f136s6p (Je = 5/2) and 4f125d5/26s2 (Je = 7/2) levels is studied for the first time by this method. The decay probabilities of the Je = 9/2 levels via channels removing atoms from the cooling cycle are calculated. It is found that the branching ratio for the strong transition at 410.6 nm (A = 6×107 s-1) is smaller than 2×10-5, which makes this transition most promising for laser cooling. The laser cooling of atoms in a Zeeman cooler at this transition is simulated. The possibility of using a laser-cooled cloud of thulium atoms to study the metrological transition at 1.14 μm is discussed.
Direct numerical simulation of sharkskin denticles in turbulent channel flow (2016)

The hydrodynamic function of sharkskin has been under investigation for the past 30 years. Current literature conflicts on whether sharkskin is able to reduce skin friction similar to riblets. To contribute insights toward reconciling these conflicting views, direct numerical simulations are carried out to obtain detailed flow fields around realistic denticles. A sharp interface immersed boundary method is employed to simulate two arrangements of actual sharkskin denticles (from Isurus oxyrinchus) in a turbulent boundary layer at Reτ ≈ 180. For comparison, turbulent flow over drag-reducing scalloped riblets is also simulated with similar flow conditions and with the same numerical method. Although the denticles resemble riblets, both sharkskin arrangements increase total drag by 44%-50%, while the riblets reduce drag by 5%. Analysis of the simulated flow fields shows that the turbulent flow around denticles is highly three-dimensional and separated, with 25% of the total drag being form drag. The complex three-dimensional shape of the denticles gives rise to a mean flow dominated by strong secondary flows in sharp contrast with the mean flow generated by riblets, which is largely two-dimensional. The so resulting three-dimensionality of sharkskin flows leads to an increase in the magnitude of the turbulent statistics near the denticles, which further contributes to increasing the total drag. The simulations also show that, at least for the simulated arrangements, sharkskin, in sharp contrast with drag-reducing riblets, is unable to isolate high shear stress near denticle ridges causing a significant portion of the denticle surface to be exposed to high mean shear.
Super‐mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( SMP ) vs retrograde intrarenal surgery for the treatment of 1–2 cm lower‐pole renal calculi: an international multicentre randomised controlled trial (2018)

SMP was more effective than RIRS for treating 1-2 cm LPC in terms of a better SFR and lesser auxiliary procedure rate. The complications and hospital stay were comparable. RIRS has the advantage of less postoperative pain.