gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Genetic Control of the Enzymes of Histidine Biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium (1960)

SUMMARY: The last four enzymes in the pathway of L-histidine biosynthesis have been assayed in various histidineless mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. Three classes of mutants (B, C and D) have been shown to be associated with lack of imidazoleglycerol phosphate dehydrase, imidazoleacetol phosphate transaminase, and histidinol dehydrogenase, respectively. These studies, in conjunction with the genetic work of Hartman, Loper &amp; Šerman (1960), indicate that the sequence of the genes on the chromosome corresponds to the sequence of the enzymes in the pathway of the biosynthesis. Certain mutants, which were shown genetically to behave as multisite mutants, have been shown to be missing these three enzymes. These multisite mutants are also missing a fourth biosynthetic enzyme, histidinol phosphate phosphatase, for which no single site mutants are available. It has been found that the level of activity of the series of enzymes of histidine biosynthesis can be raised about 15-fold over the wild-type level by growing a histidine-requiring mutant on formylhistidine as a source of histidine.
Three Strain Groups of Potato A Potyvirus Based on Hypersensitive Responses in Potato, Serological Properties, and Coat Protein Sequences (1995)

Isolates of potato A potyvirus (PVA) were obtained from Michigan (PVA-U), Maine (PVA-M), and Hungary (PVA-B11; complete nucleotide sequence known). PVA-U caused systemic necrosis in potato (Solanum tuberosum) cv. King Edward, which carries the gene Na for hypersensitivity to PVA, whereas PVA-M caused mottle symptoms without necrosis. In other potato cultivars carrying Na, PVA-U and PVA-M caused systemic necrosis. Therefore, the hypersensitivity gene in King Edward was different from Na and was named Na KE . PVA-B11 caused no hypersensitive response and infection in potato cultivars except for cv. Pito, which was infected but showed no symptoms. All PVA isolates caused necrotic local lesions on detached leaves of A6 (Solanum demissum x S. tuberosum cv. Aquila). Thus, PVA-U, PVA-M, and PVA-B11 represented distinct strain groups of PVA, which were named PVA-I, PVA-2, and PVA-3, respectively. Determination of the coat protein (CP) nucleotide sequence of PVA-U and PVA-M and comparison with the CP of PVA-B11 revealed 16 amino acid changes among the three PVA isolates. Six changes that affected the amino acid properties (charge and/or hydrophobicity) distinguished PVA-B11 from PVA-U and PVA-M and were located at the immunodominant N-terminus.
Immunology in clinic review series; focus on autoinflammatory diseases: inflammasomes: mechanisms of activation (2011)

Initiation of a successful immune response requires a working set of sensors that detect any noxious agent within the cellular microenvironment and molecular platforms that process this signal to trigger an appropriate effector response. Pattern recognition receptors can engage different signalling cascades that lead to proinflammatory gene expression. At the same time, transcription-independent events such as activation of proteases and/or phagocytosis are also initiated. The inflammasome pathway constitutes a signalling platform that leads to the activation of so-called inflammatory caspases, most notably caspase-1, which plays a pivotal role in the cleavage and thus maturation of proinflammatory cytokines, but also in the induction of pyroptosis, a special type of cell death. In this review we elaborate on the currently known inflammasome complexes with a special focus on the mechanism behind their activation. Understanding these mechanisms could provide important information regarding the potential signalling nodes that might be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
Impact of Genetic Background on Allele Selection in a Highly Mutable Candida albicans Gene, PNG2 (2010)

In many microbes rapid mutation of highly mutable contingency genes continually replenishes a pool of variant alleles from which the most suitable are selected, assisting in rapid adaptation and evasion of the immune response. In some contingency genes mutability is achieved through DNA repeats within the coding region. The fungal human pathogen Candida albicans has 2600 repeat-containing ORFs. For those investigated (ALS genes, HYR1, HYR2, CEK1, RLM1) many protein variants with differing amino acid repeat regions exist, as expected for contingency genes. However, specific alleles dominate in different clades, which is unexpected if allele variation is used for short-term adaptation. Generation of new alleles of repeat-containing C. albicans ORFs has never been observed directly. Here we present evidence for restrictions on the emergence of new alleles in a highly mutable C. albicans repeat-containing ORF, PNG2, encoding a putative secreted or cell surface glycoamidase. In laboratory cultures new PNG2 alleles arose at a rate of 2.8x10(-5) (confidence interval 3.3x10(-6)-9. 9x10(-5)) per cell per division, comparable to rates measured for contingency genes. Among 80 clinical isolates 17 alleles of different length and 23 allele combinations were distinguishable; sequence differences between repeat regions of identical size suggest the existence of 36 protein variants. Specific allele combinations predominated in different genetic backgrounds, as defined by DNA fingerprinting and multilocus sequence typing. Given the PNG2 mutation rate, this is unexpected, unless in different genetic backgrounds selection favors different alleles. Specific alleles or allele combinations were not preferentially associated with C. albicans isolates from particular body sites or geographical regions. Our results suggest that the mutability of PNG2 is not used for short-term adaptation or evasion of the immune system. Nevertheless the large number of alleles observed indicates that mutability of PNG2 may assist C. albicans strains from different genetic backgrounds optimize their interaction with the host in the long term.
Breaking the Software Development Roadblock: Continuous Software Enhancement By Design Maintenance (2002)

The authors report on 4 cases of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. The specific features of this clinical entity of unknown aetiology, are emphasized: mental retardation, characteristic faecies, broad thumbs and large toes; short stature and cryptorchidism are often associated.
53‐3: Dynamic Crosstalk Measurement for Augmented Reality 3D Head‐Up Display (AR 3D HUD) with Eye Tracking (2021)

We propose a single‐frame‐image‐, eye‐motion‐prediction‐based dynamic crosstalk measurement method for augmented reality 3D head‐up display application in fast‐moving cars. Consequently, we establish the criteria for 3D‐2D content conversion to avoid driver distraction. We quantify the driver movement speed threshold and propose a technique for seamless content conversion.
Activation chronique du récepteur de la sérotonine de type 4 : Effet préventif dans un model murin de la maladied’Alzheimer. (Conférencière invitée) (2014)

International audience
Sicyos angulatus Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice (2020)

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to a serious extent. It is a chronic disease that can lead to dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of <i>Sicyos angulatus</i> (SA) extract on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6J obese mice. The mice were divided into vehicle and three SA groups (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight). The mice were fed a HFD with or without SA for 12 weeks. The oral administration of SA reduced body and adipose tissue weight in HFD-fed mice compared to those in the vehicle group (<i>p</i><0.05). Adipocyte size and inflammation significantly decreased in the SA-administered groups in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, adipocytes larger than 5000 µm<sup>2</sup> were remarkably reduced by around 50% in the SA-treated groups (<i>p</i><0.05). In addition, SA contributes towards reducing insulin resistance (measured as the HOMA-IR index) and glucose intolerance in HFD-induced obese mice (<i>p</i><0.05; Vehicle 21.5±3.1 vs. SA100 4.7±0.4). These beneficial effects of SA on obesity may be linked to the suppression of lipogenesis and stimulating energy metabolism in white adipose tissue and muscle. In white adipose tissue and muscle, the administration of SA activated AMPK pathway, leading to the inhibition of the development of pathophysiological conditions associated with obesity, including lipogenesis and inflammation. These findings suggest that SA may prevent obesity through inhibiting fat accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice. Therefore, SA is able to exert metabolic benefits in the prevention of obesity and insulin resistance.
A Multi‐Block Approach to Obtain Angle‐Resolved PIV Measurements of the Mean Flow and Turbulence Fields in a Stirred Vessel (2004)

Abstract Two‐dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements have been used to characterize the complex turbulent flow generated by a T /3 45° pitched‐blade down‐flow turbine, operated at Re ≈ 5 · 10 4 , in a fully turbulent stirred vessel. To maintain high spatial resolution when viewing the whole vessel, a multi‐block approach has been developed, which combines data from different fields of view into a composite flow map. Using 500 measurements of instantaneous u and v velocity fields, angle‐resolved mean velocity maps and turbulence properties, such as the RMS velocities and the turbulence kinetic energy, have been estimated near to the blade, as well as in the bulk of the vessel, at a spatial resolution of between 1 and 2 mm. Vorticity maps have also been calculated to help visualize the trailing vortex structures close to the impeller blades and integral length scales have been estimated from the two‐dimensional spatial auto‐correlation function. It is shown than the common assumption that the integral length scale is about half the blade width is an overestimate close to the impeller and an underestimate far from the impeller.
Heaven's Witness: The Uses and Abuses of Muhammad Ghawth's Mystical Ascension (2003)

The current study examined the effects of honey solution and water access on feeding behavior and survival of starving solenopsis mealybugs, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). The electrical penetration graph technique and an artificial membrane system were used to check whether P. solenopsis could imbibe free water or other liquid, such as the honey solution used here, in its natural environment. The recorded electrical penetration graph waveforms revealed that P. solenopsis could continuously imbibe water-honey solution for several hours, which indicated that honey solution and water acquisition could possibly occur when P. solenopsis had access to such liquids in its natural environment. Waveforms of water-honey solution feeding alternated between two distinct feeding phases in a regular pattern, which was assumed to reflect inherent habits of feeding attempts. The effects of honey solution and water acquisition on survival of P. solenopsis was also examined. Comparison between P. solenopsis in different treatments (starved, water feeding, honey solution feeding, and cotton plant feeding) suggested that 1) P. solenopsis could accept but did not favor feeding on water or the honey solution, and 2) this feeding could prolong its survival, but had no effect on body size.
Publisher Correction: Simultaneous, efficient and continuous oil–water separation via antagonistically functionalized membranes prepared by atmospheric‑pressure cold plasma (2021)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Electronic Multimodal Operation and Service-Assistance - Lead Project EMBASSI. (2001)

Exposure to the vesicating agents sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustard (NM) causes severe skin injury with delayed blistering. Depending upon the dose and time of their exposure, edema and erythema develop into blisters, ulceration, necrosis, desquamation, and pigmentation changes, which persist weeks and even years after exposure. Research advances have generated data that have started to explain the probable mechanism of action of vesicant-induced skin toxicity; however, despite these advances, effective and targeted therapies are still deficient. This review highlights studies on two SM analogs, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) and NM, and CEES- and NM-induced skin injury mouse models that have substantially added to the knowledge on the complex pathways involved in mustard vesicating agent-induced skin injury. Furthermore, employing these mouse models, studies under the National Institutes of Health Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats program have identified the flavanone silibinin as a novel therapeutic intervention with the potential to be developed as an effective countermeasure against skin injury following exposure to mustard vesicating agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition Reactions on Co‐ordinated Olefinic Ligands. Part 8. Platinum(II) Complexes of 1,1‐Dimethylallene and Their Reaction with Amines. Molecular Structure of the Zwitterionic Derivative Dichloro[1‐(N,N‐diethylammoniomethyl)‐2‐methylprop‐1‐enyl](triphenylphosphine)platinum(II). (1978)

Abstract Die neuen, luftstabilen, kristallinen Pt‐ Komplexe (I) werden durch Austausch von koordiniertem Ethylen in analogen cis‐ Komplexen durch 1,1‐Dimethylallen erhalten.
Abstract 47: Genetically Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol is Associated with Aortic Valve Calcification and Incident Aortic Stenosis (2014)

Background: Although plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) appears to be a causative factor in animal models of aortic valve (AV) disease, randomized trials with cholesterol lowering therapies in established disease have failed to reduce progression. We sought to evaluate whether life-long genetic elevations in LDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) are associated with AV disease. Methods: Using 144 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with LDL-C, HDL-C or TG in genomewide association studies (GWAS), we constructed three separate genetic risk scores (GRS). We estimated the association between each GRS and (1) the presence of AV calcium determined by computed tomography in 6942 participants of white European ancestry from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genetic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium using summary level GWAS data and; (2) incidence of aortic stenosis in 28,585 participants from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) over a mean follow-up time of 15.8 years. Results: The LDL-C GRS, but not the HDL-C or the TG GRS, was associated with presence of AV calcium (OR per predicted mmol/L LDL-C, 1.38 95% CI 1.09-1.74; p=0.007). The LDL-C GRS was also associated with incident aortic stenosis (HR per mmol/L LDL-C, 3.04 (1.34-6.91, p=0.008). In sensitivity analyses excluding SNPs also associated with HDL-C or TG to reduce pleiotropy, the LDL-C GRS remained associated with AV calcium (OR per predicted mmol/L LDL-C 1.39 95% CI 1.04-1.90; p=0.03) and aortic stenosis (HR per mmol/L LDL-C 3.85, 95% CI 1.37-10.79, p=0.01). Further analyses to exclude residual pleiotropic effects of HDL-C and TG, did not materially change these findings. Conclusions: Genetic predisposition to increased LDL-C is associated with presence of AV calcium and incidence of aortic stenosis, providing novel supportive evidence that LDL-C is a causal factor for the development of AV disease. Earlier intervention to reduce LDL-C merits further investigation to prevent AV disease.
Design Characteristics for a Full-Duplex IM/IM Bidirectional Transmission at 10 Gb/s Using Low Bandwidth RSOA (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, the optimum design characteristics and the transmission performance limits of an intensity modulation full-duplex bidirectional transmission system at 10 Gb/s are experimentally studied and presented for application in next-generation-extended wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical networks. A low-bandwidth (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\sim} {\hbox {1.2}}$</tex></formula> GHz) reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) is utilized at the optical network unit (ONU) site of the system. Its remodulation properties and performance are examined for both continuous wave and modulated downstream signal, stemming from the optical line terminal (OLT). The techniques adopted to optimize performance are: 1) the use of detuned optical filtering at the OLT receiver that takes advantage of the RSOA chirp and 2) the use of decision feedback equalization (DFE). The extinction ratio of the downstream signal and the driving operation point of the RSOA are examined experimentally in order to find the optimum conditions for the bidirectional transmission. Moreover, the impact of patterning effects in the performance of the system is evaluated. Finally, the additional performance improvement that is achieved with the use of DFE technique is shown. </para>
Upregulated expression of eIF3C is associated with malignant behavior in renal cell carcinoma (2019)

Eukaryotic initiation factor 3c (eIF3C) is involved in the initiation of protein translation. Aberrant eIF3C expression has been reported in different types of human cancer. The present study aimed to assess the role of eIF3C in the malignant behavior of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. eIF3C expression was assessed in 16 pairs of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and matched distant normal tissues, and in RCC cell lines using immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, eIF3C was depleted using lentiviral short hairpin RNA and cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of these eIF3C‑depleted cells were examined. Additionally, tumor cell xenograft assays in nude mice, Affymetrix microarrays and ingenuity pathway analyses were performed. eIF3C expression was upregulated in RCC tissues and cell lines. Depletion of eIF3C reduced tumor cell proliferation and arrested them at the G1 stage, thus promoting their apoptosis in vitro. Depletion of eIF3C also inhibited the formation and growth of tumor cell xenografts in nude mice. In addition, depletion of eIF3C altered the expression levels of 994 differentially expressed genes in RCC cells (516 genes were upregulated and 478 genes were downregulated). The expression levels of phosphorylated‑AKT, c‑JUN and NFKB inhibitor α were lower in the shorth hairpin RNA eIF3C‑transfected RCC cells compared with in the control group. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that upregulated eIF3C expression contributed to the development and progression of RCC. Future studies should further evaluate whether eIF3C could be used as a potential strategy for RCC targeting therapy.
Early cellular signaling responses to axonal injury (2009)

We interpret our studies to indicate that both neurons and glia in the retina have been signaled within 30 min after optic nerve injury. The signals are probably initiated by the RGC soma. In addition, signals activating cellular death pathways occur within 6 hrs of injury, which likely lead to RGC degeneration.
Retrograde Endoscopic Delivery of Botulinum Toxin for Anal Fissures (2006)

Injection of Botox (Allergan, Irvine, California, USA) into the internal anal sphincter (IAS) has been shown to be successful in the treatment of chronic anal fissures and other spastic anorectal disorders [1] [2] [3]. The current injection technique involves using two or three fingers to separate the anal canal and carefully palpate the IAS to ensure correct placement. This technique can be quite painful in patients with anal fissures, and puts the physician at risk for needle-stick injury. Also, blind injections into the IAS may be inaccurate, with the potential for inadvertent injection into the external sphincter. Because of these problems, we have utilized a technique previously described for injection of rectal varices and made adaptations for the endoscopic injection of Botox into the IAS.
Privacy risks in recommender systems (2001)

Recommender system users who rate items across disjoint domains face a privacy risk analogous to the one that occurs with statistical database queries.
Engineering Applications of the Motion-Group Fourier Transform (2004)

We review a number of engineering problems that can be posed or solved using Fourier transforms for the groups of rigid-body motions of the plane or three-dimensional space. Mathematically and computationally these problems can be divided into two classes: (1) physical problems that are described as degenerate diffusions on motion groups; (2) enumeration problems in which fast Fourier transforms are used to efficiently compute motion-group convolutions. We examine engineering problems including the analysis of noise in optical communication systems, the allowable positions and orientations reachable with a robot arm, and the statistical mechanics of polymer chains. In all of these cases, concepts from noncommutative harmonic analysis are put to use in addressing real-world problems, thus rendering them tractable.
University courses, eating problems and muscle dysmorphia: are there any associations? (2014)

The choice of the university courses might be influenced by pre-existing disorders in eating behaviors, which were relatively frequent in the considered sample.
Asynchronous traveling-wave induced linear motion of living cells (1992)

S.79-102
1384 nm Nd:GdVO4 laser (1998)

1384 laser action on a Nd:GdVO4 crystal with efficiency 8% and output power 76 mW have bin obtained.
Comparison of Iatrogenic Soft Tissue Trauma in Robotic-Assisted versus Manual Partial Knee Arthroplasty (2021)

Partial knee arthroplasty (PKA) is performed to treat end-stage osteoarthritis in a single compartment. There are minimal data characterizing soft-tissue injuries for PKA with robotic and manual techniques. This cadaver study compared the extent of soft-tissue trauma sustained through robotic-arm assisted PKA (RPKA) and manual PKA (MPKA). Five surgeons prepared 24 cadaveric knees for medial PKA, including six MPKA controls and 18 RPKA assigned into three different workflows: RPKA-LB (six knees) - RPKA with legacy burr; RPKA-NB (six knees) - RPKA with new burr design; and RPKA-NBS (six knees) - RPKA with new burr design and oscillating saw. Two surgeons estimated trauma to the patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), medial capsule, posterior capsule, and posterior cruciate ligament (PCLs) using a five-grade system: Grade 1 - complete soft tissue preservation; Grade 2 - ≤25%; Grade 3 - 26 to 50%; Grade 4 - 51 to 75%; and Grade 5 - ≥76% trauma. A total trauma grade was assigned by summing the grades. Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were used to assess outcomes. When compared to the MPKA group, all RPKA subgroups had lower total trauma grading (p<0.01), lower posterior capsular damage (p<0.01), and less severe ACL damage (p<0.01). The analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the three RPKA workflows. As this study was performed using cadaveric specimens, additional investigations are necessary to determine associations between robotic or manual-assisted technique, observed soft tissue damage, and postoperative clinical outcomes following PKA.
Ligand-to-Copper Charge-Transfer-Enabled C–H Sulfoximination of Arenes (2023)

Herein, we report a photoinduced sulfoximine-to-copper charge-transfer-enabled generation of sulfoximinyl radicals directly from <i>NH</i>-sulfoximines for C-H sulfoximination of arenes via radical addition. Through copper-LMCT, N-arylation of <i>NH</i>-sulfoximines was achieved for the first time using arenes of different electronic structures as the aryl donors.