gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studying disorder in graphite-based systems by Raman spectroscopy (2007)

Raman spectroscopy has historically played an important role in the structural characterization of graphitic materials, in particular providing valuable information about defects, stacking of the graphene layers and the finite sizes of the crystallites parallel and perpendicular to the hexagonal axis. Here we review the defect-induced Raman spectra of graphitic materials from both experimental and theoretical standpoints and we present recent Raman results on nanographites and graphenes. The disorder-induced D and D' Raman features, as well as the G'-band (the overtone of the D-band which is always observed in defect-free samples), are discussed in terms of the double-resonance (DR) Raman process, involving phonons within the interior of the 1st Brillouin zone of graphite and defects. In this review, experimental results for the D, D' and G' bands obtained with different laser lines, and in samples with different crystallite sizes and different types of defects are presented and discussed. We also present recent advances that made possible the development of Raman scattering as a tool for very accurate structural analysis of nano-graphite, with the establishment of an empirical formula for the in- and out-of-plane crystalline size and even fancier Raman-based information, such as for the atomic structure at graphite edges, and the identification of single versus multi-graphene layers. Once established, this knowledge provides a powerful machinery to understand newer forms of sp(2) carbon materials, such as the recently developed pitch-based graphitic foams. Results for the calculated Raman intensity of the disorder-induced D-band in graphitic materials as a function of both the excitation laser energy (E(laser)) and the in-plane size (L(a)) of nano-graphites are presented and compared with experimental results. The status of this research area is assessed, and opportunities for future work are identified.
Collaboration between grass seedlings and rhizobacteria to scavenge organic nitrogen in soils (2015)

Plants require nitrogen (N) to make proteins, nucleic acids and other biological molecules. It is widely accepted that plants absorb inorganic forms of N to fill their needs. However, recently it has become clear that plants also have the capacity to absorb organic N from soils. In this paper we describe a new kind of symbiosis involving seed-vectored rhizobacteria and grasses that is targeted at enhancing acquisition of organic N from soils. Our proposal is based on results of experiments on seedlings of grass species Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Lolium perenne L. and Poa annua L. that suggest: (i) seed-vectored rhizobacteria colonize seedling roots and influence their development; (ii) reactive oxygen secretion by seedling roots plays a role in organic N procurement by denaturing microbial proteins in the vicinity of roots (daytime activity); and (iii) plant root and microbial proteases degrade denatured proteins prior to absorption by roots (night-time activity). This research involved the following types of studies: (i) seedling root development experiments with and without rhizobacteria on a variety of substrates in agarose media and (ii) isotopic N-tracking experiments to evaluate the absorption into seedlings of N obtained from degradation of proteins. We hypothesize that grasses, in particular, are adapted to scavenge organic N from soils through application of this 'oxidative nitrogen scavenging' symbiosis with rhizobacteria, and their soil-permeating root systems. This newly discovered symbiosis in grass species could lead to new ways to cultivate and manage grasses to enhance efficiency of N utilization and reduce applications of inorganic fertilizers.
Proline isomerases at the crossroads of protein folding, signal transduction, and immunosuppression. (1992)

The immunosuppressants cyclosporin A (CsA), FK506, and rapamycin block T-cell activation by interfering with signal transduction. The institution of CsA therapy for prophylaxis against graft rejection revolutionized human organ transplants, and clinical trials with FK506 and rapamycin are in progress. The targets for these drugs, cyclophilin for CsA and FKBP for FK506 and rapamycin, are members of two unrelated families of ubiquitous, highly conserved, abundant proteins. Although unrelated, both cyclophilin and FKBP catalyze proline isomerization and may fold proteins. The structures of both cyclophilin and FKBP have been determined, in some cases in complex with drugs or substrates. The cyclophilin-CsA and FKBP-FK506 complexes prevent T-cell response to antigen, bind and modulate the activity of the protein phosphatase calcineurin, and prevent nuclear import of a subunit of NF-AT, a T-cell activation transcription factor. In contrast, rapamycin blocks T-cell responses to IL-2. Yeast genetic studies suggest that the FKBP-rapamycin target is a protein complex involved in cell cycle progression. Further studies should provide fundamental insights into T-cell activation, signal transduction, and protein folding, and hold the promise of more specific immunosuppressive therapies.
Automated test design (1977)

A methodology for designing tests to diagnose and isolate failures in analog circuits has been developed and implemented as a computer program. The input to the program consists of a circuit description and a list of possible failures as changes to the nominal unit under test. The output of the program consists of a report showing how well the failures can be isolated, the tests to be performed, and the diagnosis selection logic which combines these tests to isolate the faulty components. The final output is produced in the NOPAL (nonprocedural OPAL) test specification language. (Author)
New Evaluations of Heavy Nuclide Data for JENDL-3.3 (2002)

New evaluations of nuclear data for Uranium, Plutonium, and Thorium isotopes which are essential for applications to nuclear technology were carried out for the Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library, JENDL-3.3. The objectives of the current release of JENDL were to fix several problems which have been reported for the previous version, to improve the accuracy of the data, and to evaluate covariances for the important nuclides. Quantities in JENDL-3.2 were extensively re-evaluated or replaced by more reliable values. The heavy nuclide data in JENDL-3.3 were validated with several benchmark tests, and it was reported that the current release gave a good prediction of criticalities.
Rh Type B Glycoprotein Is a New Member of the Rh Superfamily and a Putative Ammonia Transporter in Mammals (2001)

Ammonium transporters play a key functional role in nitrogen uptake and assimilation in microorganisms and plants; however, little is known about their structural counterpart in mammals. Here, we report the molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of Rh type B glycoproteins, human RhBG and mouse Rhbg, two new members of the Rh family with distinct tissue specificities. The RhBG orthologues possess a conserved 12-transmembrane topology and most resemble bacterial and archaeal ammonium transporters. Human RHBG resides at chromosome 1q21.3, which harbors candidate genes for medullary cystic kidney disease, whereas mouse Rhbg is syntenic on chromosome 3. Northern blot and in situ hybridization revealed that RHBG and Rhbg are predominantly expressed in liver, kidney, and skin, the specialized organs involving ammonia genesis, excretion, or secretion. Confocal microscopy showed that RhBG is located in the plasma membrane and in some intracellular granules. Western blots of membrane proteins from stable HEK293 cells and from mouse kidney and liver confirmed this distribution. N-Glycanase digestion showed that RhBG/Rhbg has a carbohydrate moiety probably attached at the NHS motif on exoloop 1. Phylogenetic clustering, tissue-specific expression, and plasma membrane location suggest that RhBG homologous proteins are the long sought major ammonium transporters in mammalians.
Tissue‐equivalent phantoms for high frequencies (2004)

Abstract Saline phantoms have been used traditionally as biological mimics to load radio frequency (RF) coils during development and testing. However, the relative permittivity of biological tissues diverges from that of water as frequencies increase, resulting in saline phantoms loading coils much differently than the real biological systems. We have developed tissue‐equivalent phantoms with compartments containing gels that approach the relative permittivities and conductivities of a rat at 470 MHz. The gel characteristics are measured with a coaxial probe and the coil‐loading characteristics of the assembled phantoms are compared with real animals. It is shown that the tissue‐equivalent phantoms load coils similarly to live rats, unlike the saline phantoms. Using these tissue‐equivalent phantoms, the coil designer can be confident that when the coil leaves the laboratory to be used in the magnet, it will be optimized for the biological system of interest. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 20B: 30–33, 2004.
A Family of 3D Coordination Polymers Composed of Mn19 Magnetic Units (2006)

Singles networks: The use of 1,3-propanediol and of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol in manganese carboxylate chemistry leads to two new 3D coordination polymers with an unprecedented Mn19 repeating unit. The polymers have open framework structures with nanometer-sized cavities (see picture; Na not visible, Mn blue, O red, C gray). The Mn19 units have a ground spin state of S=23/2 and behave as single-molecule magnets.
Ankylosing spondylitis. Therapy and complications of 34 spine fractures (2005)

Background Spine fractures in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are extremely unstable and associated with a high complication rate. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the therapy and complications of these fractures in AS for a better understanding and management. Patients and methods A total of 32 patients with 34 traumatic spine fractures were treated from 1981 to 2002. Cause of trauma, fracture site, and neurological examination were assessed. Analyses of the management of the treatment and complications were performed. Results Banal traumas resulted mostly in spinal fractures at the C 5/6 and C 6/7 level. Two patients were treated conservatively, while the others were stabilized operatively. Before therapy was undertaken, six patients suffered from a cervical radiculopathy, ten patients had an incomplete and two a complete paraplegia. After therapy, neurological status improved in eight patients, but one had a deterioration of neurological symptoms. Conclusions Dorsal or combined dorsoventral stabilization of these fractures is necessary for better mobilization of these patients and to avoid further complications.
Array and Phased Array Antenna Basics (2005)

Preface. References. Acknowledgments. Acronyms. 1 Radiation. 1.1 The Early History of Electricity and Magnetism. 1.2 James Clerk Maxwell, The Union of Electricity and Magnetism. 1.3 Radiation by Accelerated Charge. 1.4 Reactive and Radiating Electromagnetic Fields. 2 Antennas. 2.1 The Early History of Antennas. 2.2 Antenna Developments During the First World War. 2.3 Antenna Developments in Between the Wars. 2.4 Antenna Developments During the Second World War. 2.5 Post-War Antenna Developments. 3 Antenna Parameters. 3.1 Radiation Pattern. 3.2 Antenna Impedance and Bandwidth. 3.3 Polarisation. 3.4 Antenna Effective Area and Vector Effective Length. 3.5 Radio Equation. 3.6 Radar Equation. 4 The Linear Broadside Array Antenna. 4.1 A Linear Array of Non-Isotropic Point-Source Radiators. 4.2 Plane Waves. 4.3 Received Signal. 4.4 Array Factor. 4.5 Side Lobes and Grating Lobes. 4.6 Amplitude Taper. 5 Design of a 4-Element, Linear, Broadside, Microstrip Patch Array Antenna. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna. 5.3 Split-T Power Divider. 5.4 Transmission and Reflection Coefficients for a Corporate Fed Array Antenna. 5.5 Simulation, Realisation and Measurement. 6 The Linear Endfire Array Antenna. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Phase Differences. 6.3 Hansen-Woodyard Endfire Array Antenna. 6.4 Mutual Coupling. 6.5 Yagi-Uda Array Antenna. 7 The Linear Phased Array Antenna. 7.1 Linear Phase Taper. 7.2 Beam Broadening. 7.3 Grating Lobes and Visible Space. 7.4 Means of Phase Shifting. 8 A Frequency Scanned Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna. 8.1 Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna. 8.2 Antenna Design. 8.3 Validation. 9 The Planar Array and Phased Array Antenna. 9.1 Geometry. 9.2 Planar Array Antenna. 9.3 Planar Phased Array Antenna. 10 Special Array Antenna Configurations. 10.1 Conformal Array and Phased Array Antennas. 10.2 Volume Array and Phased Array Antennas. 10.3 Sequential Rotation and Phasing. 10.4 Reactive Loading. 11 Array and Phased Array Antenna Measurement. 11.1 Input Impedance, Self-Coupling and Mutual Coupling. 11.2 Radiation Pattern Measurement. 11.3 Scan Element Pattern. 11.4 Waveguide Simulator. Appendix A: Complex Analysis. A.1 Complex Numbers. A.2 Use of Complex Variables. Appendix B: Vector Analysis. B.1 Notation. B.2 Addition and Subtraction. B.3 Products. B.4 Derivatives. Appendix C: Effective Aperture and Directivity. Appendix D: Transmission Line Theory. D.1 Distributed Parameters. D.2 Guided Waves. D.3 Input Impedance of a Transmission Line. D.4 Terminated Lossless Transmission Lines. D.5 Quarter Wavelength Impedance Transformer. Appendix E: Scattering Matrix. E.1 Normalised Scattering Matrix. E.2 Unnormalised Scattering Matrix. Appendix F: Voltage Incident at a Transmission Line. Appendix :G Cascaded Scattering Matrices. Index.
Supplementary Table S2. The RPPA antibody list from B-Cell Lymphoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Models Enable Drug Discovery and Are a Platform for Personalized Therapy (2023)

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Spiking Row-by-Row FPGA Multi-Kernel and Multi-Layer Convolution Processor (2019)

Spiking convolutional neural networks have become a novel approach for machine vision tasks, due to the latency to process an input stimulus from a scene, and the low power consumption of these kind of solutions. Event-based systems only perform sum operations instead of sum of products of frame-based systems. In this work an upgrade of a neuromorphic event-based convolution accelerator for SCNN, which is able to perform multiple layers with different kernel sizes, is presented. The system has a latency per layer from 1.44 us to 9.98us for kernel sizes from 1x1 to 7x7.
Production of new cells in the rat dentate gyrus over the lifespan: relation to cognitive decline (2003)

The identification of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult mammals has sparked much interest in a functional role for these new neurons in hippocampal-dependent cognition. The current investigation used a model of age-related cognitive decline in rodents to study the relationship between changes in markers of neurogenesis and hippocampal function. New cell production in the granule cell layer was progressively reduced across the lifespan of male Long Evans rats, with a 40% reduction at middle age (13 months) and a reduction in excess of 80% in advanced age (25 months), compared with young mature adults (7 months). These effects of aging were not, however, predictive of cognitive status. In particular, the pronounced decrease in new cell production during aging did not distinguish among rats that varied over a wide range of cognitive abilities.
Integrated Geothermal-CO2 Reservoir Systems: Reducing Carbon Intensity through Sustainable Energy Production and Secure CO2 Storage (2013)

Large-scale geologic CO2 storage (GCS) can be limited by overpressure, while geothermal energy production is often limited by pressure depletion. We investigate how synergistic integration of these complementary systems may enhance the viability of GCS by relieving overpressure, which reduces pore-space competition, the Area of Review, and the risks of CO2 leakage and induced seismicity, and by producing geothermal energy and water, which can defray parasitic energy and water costs of CO2 capture.
Synthesis routes to chlorine and bromine pentafluorides (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis routes to chlorine and bromine pentafluoridesGene A. Hyde and Max M. BoudakianCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1968, 7, 12, 2648–2649Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50070a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50070a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The delivery of nutritional support. A potpourri of new devices and methods (1985)

With continued interest and increasing awareness of nutritional support to patients, both hospitalized and at home, many new developments in the field of devices and methods of delivering nutritional support have occurred. The indications, methods of use, and the associated complications related to feeding via nasogastric tube, tube esophagostomy, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy in the light of new devices and methods are outlined. The authors' experience shows that postoperative enteral feeding is a reliable and efficient method of providing supportive nutrition, provided the appropriate patients are selected. Home enteral nutritional support via gastrostomy allows stable cancer patients to maintain their nutritional status and enjoy life independent of the hospital setting for an extended period of time. When feeding via the gastrointestinal tract is neither feasible nor desirable, for both short-term and long-term nutritional support, access to the central venous system becomes necessary because peripheral vein feeding has limited cost-effectiveness. Delivery of nutrients into the superior vena cava by long antecubital catheters has been advocated, and the use of Hickman/Broviac catheters, instead of conventional subclavian catheters, is becoming an increasingly common practice. Experience with the use of arteriovenous fistulae and the Infuse-A-Port (Infusaid Corp.) are reviewed; the method used for declotting infected and thrombosed catheters is outlined. Current trends in the use of three-liter bags containing a fat emulsion with glucose and amino acids are mentioned.
Stratification of Antigen-presenting Cells within the Normal Cornea (2009)

The composition and location of professional antigen presenting cells (APC) varies in different mucosal surfaces. The cornea, long considered an immune-privileged tissue devoid of APCs, is now known to host a heterogeneous network of bone marrow-derived cells. Here, we utilized transgenic mice that express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) from the CD11c promoter (pCD11c) in conjunction with immunohistochemical staining to demonstrate an interesting stratification of APCs within non-inflamed murine corneas. pCD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs) reside in the basal epithelium, seemingly embedded in the basement membrane. Most DCs express MHC class II on at least some dendrites, which extend up to 50 µm in length and traverse up 20 µm tangentially towards the apical surface of the epithelium. The DC density diminishes from peripheral to central cornea. Beneath the DCs and adjacent to the stromal side of the basement membrane reside pCD11c(-) CD11b(+) putative macrophages that express low levels of MHC class II. Finally, MHC class II(-)pCD11c(-) CD11b(+) cells form a network throughout the remainder of the stroma. This highly reproducible stratification of bone marrow-derived cells is suggestive of a progression from an APC function at the exposed corneal surface to an innate immune barrier function deeper in the stroma.
Application of polyfluorophenazines to dichroic fluorescent dyes in guest-host liquid crystal displays (2004)

Novel dichroic fluorescent 2- and 2,7-disubstituted perfluorophenazines exhibit emission maxima in the range 570–600 nm in MLC-2039. The order parameter of fluorescence was observed in the range 0.29–0.49.
A Prospective Study of Pressure Sore Risk among Institutionalized Elderly (1992)

Risk assessment is recommended upon admission to a nursing home and weekly for the first month. Risk status can be effectively predicted by using the Braden Scale in combination with knowledge of age, blood pressure, temperature, and dietary protein intake.
Regulation of azole drug susceptibility by Candida albicans protein kinase CK2 (2005)

Fluconazole resistance of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans can arise through several mechanisms, but the responsible genes and pathways are poorly understood. We report here that mutations in CKA2, identified through an insertional mutagenesis screen, confer fluconazole resistance. CKA2 and its homologue CKA1 specify catalytic subunits of protein kinase CK2. Although cka1 mutations have little effect on fluconazole resistance, CKA1 overexpression suppresses the fluconazole resistance of a cka2 mutant. This observation, along with synthetic cka1-cka2 interactions, argues that Cka1p and Cka2p carry out similar functions. cka2 mutants overexpress CDR1 and CDR2, two fluconazole efflux transporter genes, and a cdr1 mutation decreases resistance of a cka2 mutant, as expected if CDR1 and CDR2 overexpression is responsible for fluconazole resistance of the cka2 mutant. The protein phosphatase calcineurin is required for azole tolerance, and we find that the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin reverses fluconazole resistance of cka2 mutants. In addition, a mutation in CRZ1, which specifies a homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor that is a major target of calcineurin, suppresses fluconazole resistance of cka2 mutants. Expression analysis of Cka2p-responsive genes argues that Cka2p and Crz1p act through distinct mechanisms. Several clinical fluconazole-resistant isolates overexpress some Cka2p-responsive genes. We suggest that a Cka2p-dependent regulatory pathway is altered by clinically derived azole resistance mutations.
Research of advanced time synchronous system with network support (2004)

As networks have become an important infrastructure in everyday life in recent years, the need to increase the degree of quality control has also arisen. Because it is necessary to accurately understand the state of the network for quality control, time information on measurement equipment has become important Consequently, we have aimed at improving the precision of time synchronization through the network and propose highly precise time synchronization techniques that utilize network support Two approaches are MQL (maximum queue length) and QTL (queue to live) both employing the suggested "self-discarding packet technique", which is a means of determining transfer by comparing the queue length of the transiting router with a specified queue value on the probing packet. In this paper, we clarify the influence a router has on the precision of time synchronization and report these two approaches and their adaptability.