gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross compatibility of Ilex glabra(L.) A.Gray with Ilex × meserveae S.Y.Hu and Ilex verticillata(L.) A.Gray (2011)

Ilex glabra(L.) A.Gray(inkberry) is a native evergreen shrub with dark green foliage,which is of interest to nursery growers in the northern landscapes in US.Inkberry was hybridized with cold-hardy male Ilex verticillata(L.) A.Gray(common winterberry) and Ilex × meserveae S.Y.Hu(meserve holly) to breed cold-hardy cultivars.Cross pollination of inkberry wild species and its five cultivars('Chamzin','Compacta','Densa','Nigra',and 'Shamrock') with both male plants was carried out in the greenhouses to test their compatibility.Cross compatibility of common winterberry and meserve holly with inkberry significantly varied among inkberry and its cultivars.Inkberry 'Chamzin' and 'Densa' were more compatible with either common winterberry or meserve holly,while the wild species and 'Compacta' were less compatible;'Nigra' and 'Shamrock' were almost incompatible with them.Pollen germination observed in situ with a fluorescence microscope supported the above results.Pollen germination of common winterberry and meserve holly on the stigma of wild species 'Chamzin','Compacta',and 'Densa' was greater than that on inkberry 'Nigra' and 'Shamrock' stigma in both 2008 and 2009.Following the pollen tube growth,a dramatic reduction of developed pollen tubes was observed as they grew along the style and into the ovary.The percentage of pollen tubes reaching the ovary of the wild species and 'Chamzin','Compacta',or 'Densa' was much higher than that of 'Nigra' or 'Shamrock',which increased the probability of their tubes entering into the ovule and setting fruit.Most of their seeds were aborted.Less than 2 seeds per fruit were developed when common winterberry and meserve holly was the pollinator,while over 3 seeds per fruit were produced when they pollinated with compatible pollen,Ilex glabra 'Pretty Boy'.Reproduction barriers,including the inhibition of pollen germination,pollen tube growth to the style and the ovary,and the lack of fertilization,resulted in the cross incompatibility of inkberry with both cold hardy species.Future cross-pollination studies should consider the incompatibility of cultivar variations.
Progress in Cancer Gene Therapy (1999)

Many technical difficulties have to be overcome before effective gene therapy can be achieved. Strategies for gene therapy include 'suicide' gene therapy, transfer of a tumor suppressor gene, inhibition of activated oncogenes by antisense mechanisms, and cytokine gene transfer and tumor cell vaccination. Gene therapy will have a major impact on the healthcare of our population only when vectors are developed that can safely and efficiently be injected directly into patients as drugs. One of the most promising areas of vector development is that of non-viral vectors, which consist of liposomes, molecular conjugates, and naked DNA delivered by mechanical methods. Future research should be focused on modifying viral vectors to reduce toxicity and immunogenicity, increasing the transduction efficiency of non-viral vectors, enhancing vector targeting and specificity, regulating gene expression, and identifying synergies between gene-based agents and other cancer therapeutics. The evaluation of gene therapy combinations is another important area for future research. The identification of tumor rejection antigens from a variety of cancers and the immune response that is defective in cancer patients are important topics for future studies. A universal gene delivery system has yet to be identified, but the further optimization of each of these vectors should result in each having a unique application. Gene therapy has still a long way to go and requires the efforts of investigators in the basic and clinical sciences. Despite substantial progress, a number of key technical issues need to be resolved before gene therapy can be effectively applied in the clinic.
Handbook of Porous Materials (2020)

Separation processes are an essential part of the chemical process industry, as they provide pure products, recover valuable chemicals, and clean water or other streams. While distillation remains the workhorse method of separation, it is not always the best choice due to the properties of the fluid components, so other separation methods must be employed: membrane separations, adsorption, absorption, filtration, extraction, or crystallization. Many of these alternative methods use porous materials as adsorbents or membranes. This volume emphasizes the understanding and the main practical applications of separation processes using porous materials. The three chapters provide a comprehensive overview of the basic principles and industrial practice of separation processes using porous materials. This volume, which is rich with practical examples, will help readers cut through the complexities of separations to find answers to everyday real-world problems.
T-vectors make autonomous mobile robot motion planning and self-referencing more efficient (2002)

A motion planning and self-referencing approach has been developed, simulated and applied to an actual robot. Although there are several novelties to these approaches, the fact that both are based on traversability vectors (t-vectors) is one aspect of this research that is unique. Through their application it has been found that t-vectors enhance the detection of path obstructions and geometric beacons and expedite the identification of features that are visible (or hearable) to sensors in both static and dynamic environments. T-vectors also reduce the data size and complexity of standard V-graphs and variations thereof. This paper provides the t-vector models step-by-step so that the reader will be able to apply them to mobile robot motion planning and self-referencing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Apparatus-Dependent Dosimetric Differences in Spine Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (2010)

The purpose of this investigation was to study apparatus-dependent dose distribution differences specific to spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment planning. This multi-institutional study was performed evaluating an image-guided robotic radiosurgery system (CK), intensity modulated protons (IMP), multileaf collimator (MLC) fixed-field IMRT with 5 mm (11 field), 4 mm (9 field), and 2.5 mm (8- and 9-field) leaf widths and intensity modulated volumetric arc therapy (IMVAT) with a 2.5 mm MLC. Treatment plans were systematically developed for targets consisting of one, two and three consecutive thoracic vertebral bodies (VBs) with the esophagus and spinal cord contoured as the organs at risk. It was found that all modalities achieved acceptable treatment planning constraints. However, following normalization fixed field IMRT with a 2.5 mm MLC, IMVAT and IMP systems yielded the smallest ratio of maximum dose divided by the prescription dose (MD/PD) for one-, two- and three-VB PTVs (ranging from 1.1-1.16). The 2.5 mm MLC 9-field IMRT, IMVAT and CK plans resulted in the least dose to 0.1 cc volumes of spinal cord and esophagus. CK plans had the greatest degree of target dose inhomogeneity. As the level of complexity increased with an increasing number of vertebral bodies, distinct apparatus features such as the use of a high number of beams and a finer leaf size MLC were favored. Our study quantified apparatus-dependent dose-distribution differences specific to spine SBRT given strict, but realistic, constraints and highlights the need to benchmark physical dose distributions for multi-institutional clinical trials.
A Privacy Preserving Randomized Gossip Algorithm via Controlled Noise Insertion (2019)

In this work we present a randomized gossip algorithm for solving the average consensus problem while at the same time protecting the information about the initial private values stored at the nodes. We give iteration complexity bounds for the method and perform extensive numerical experiments.
Hybrid control methods for a Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) (2009)

This paper proposes two synthesis methods for controlling power converters. The first one is a stabilizing method in which a unique Lyapunov function is introduced and the second one is a new predictive control approach, which uses model predictive control to track a given optimal stable limit cycle. Moreover, the two methods can include the Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) in the formulation. The control laws are exemplified with a Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) in simulation.
Is it a tree, a DAG, or a cyclic graph? A shape analysis for heap-directed pointers in C (1996)

This paper reports on the design and implementation of a practical shape analysis for C. The purpose of the analysis is to aid in the disambiguation of heap-allocated data structures by estimating the shape (Tree, DAG, or Cyclic Graph) of the data structure accessible from each heap-directed pointer. This shape information can be used to improve dependence testing and in parallelization, and to guide the choice of more complex heap analyses.The method has been implemented as a context-sensitive interprocedural analysis in the McCAT conlpiler. Experimental results and observations are given for 16 benchmark programs. These results show that the analysis gives accurate and useful results for an important group of applications.
Two single spin qubits with universal control and control of spin entanglement with exchange coupling (2013)

Single qubits and two-qubit gates are building blocks to prepare a universal set of logical operations. We use a micromagnet technique to implement single spin qubits with individual quantum dots and two-qubit gates with inter-dot exchange coupling. I will talk about our recent experiments of a combined X-gate and exchange control to modulate and detect the degree of spin singlet coupling. The gate fidelity is restricted by X-gate operation time and fidelity. The X-gate is prepared by oscillating an electron inside a quantum dot with microwave (MW) in the presence of a micro-magnet induced field gradient. We have recently raised the MW power and optimized the magnet design to reduce the X-gate time < 3 nsec with improved gate fidelity much shorter than the dephasing time. We have also developed a technique to use the micro-magnet induced inhomogeneous Zeeman field to make faste Z-gate and CPHASE.
Ocular Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Loteprednol Etabonate 0.4% Ophthalmic Formulation (2014)

Administration of LE-MPP 0.4% improved loteprednol etabonate pharmacokinetic profile in ocular tissues of rabbits. The results of this study support the premise that the MPP technology can be used to enhance ocular exposure for topically applied therapeutic agents. Further studies to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of the LE-MPP formulation are warranted.
Diabetes and immunity to tuberculosis (2014)

The dual burden of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes has attracted much attention in the past decade as diabetes prevalence has increased dramatically in countries already afflicted with a high burden of TB. The confluence of these two major diseases presents a serious threat to global public health; at the same time it also presents an opportunity to learn more about the key elements of human immunity to TB that may be relevant to the general population. Some effects of diabetes on innate and adaptive immunity that are potentially relevant to TB defense have been identified, but have yet to be verified in humans and are unlikely to fully explain the interaction of these two disease states. This review provides an update on the clinical and epidemiological features of TB in the diabetic population and relates them to recent advances in understanding the mechanistic basis of TB susceptibility and other complications of diabetes. Issues that merit further investigation - such as geographic host and pathogen differences in the diabetes/TB interaction, the role of hyperglycemia-induced epigenetic reprogramming in immune dysfunction, and the impact of diabetes on lung injury and fibrosis caused by TB - are highlighted in this review.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3,5‐Dimethoxystilbene Analogs (2016)

In our continuing effort to discover natural product-based pest management agents, derivatives of 3,5-dimethoxystilbene were synthesized yielding 27 new and six known compounds. Compounds 11 and 12 showed strong Aedes aegypti larvicidal activity (LC<sub>50</sub> 45.31 and 49.93 μm, respectively). Furthermore, 11 and 12 exhibited high effectiveness against larvae of pesticide-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant strains of Ae. aegypti; activity against the adult mosquitoes was low. Compounds 6f, 6g, and 6i at either 83.3 or 166.7 μg/ml reduced the mobility of second-stage juveniles (J2) of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) that hatched from eggs immersed in the test compounds for 7 days. However, there was little or no effect on J2 placed directly into these compounds, and none of the analogs suppressed M. incognita egg hatch. The compounds were tested for inhibition of some agriculturally important fungi; 6a, 7a, and 7e demonstrated strong inhibition of Colletotrichum species. Activity of the stilbenes against some human pathogens was also explored; 11, 12, and 16 showed moderate inhibitory activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and Mycobacterium intracellulare. Except for 11 and 12, which were active against mosquito larvae and some human pathogens, no single analog demonstrated activity in all the tests, indicating specific activities. Synthesis of the analogs and structure-activity relationships are discussed.
Extremes of Age Are Associated with Indeterminate QuantiFERON-TB Gold Assay Results (2014)

ABSTRACT Results from 3,263 QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube (QFT-GIT) assays were analyzed to determine the impact of age on test performance. The proportion of indeterminate results was significantly higher in pediatric and elderly (9.1% and 7.4%, respectively) than in adult (2.6%; chi-square test, P &lt; 0.0001) patients. A detailed analysis of indeterminate QFT-GIT assay results is presented.
Challenging Dogma: Optimal Treatment of the “Fight Bite” (2019)

<b>Background:</b> The optimal treatment of human bites to the dorsal metacarpophalangeal region (ie, "fight bite") in the absence of gross purulence is controversial. Few studies have compared the outcomes of operative debridement with expectant wound care and oral antibiotics. <b>Methods:</b> We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients evaluated at a Level 1 trauma center over a 10-year period. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics of patients across treatment and outcome groups using the Fisher exact test. Logistic regression models were used to describe the relationships between the outcome and treatment variables. <b>Results:</b> We identified 115 patients with a mean age of 29 years. The mean follow-up was 51.8 days. Seventy-two (63%) patients were treated with antibiotics only. Thirty-two (28%) patients were treated with irrigation in the emergency department (ED) and expectant wound care. Eleven (9%) patients were treated with irrigation and debridement in the operating room. No demographic variables were found to correlate with the treatment selected. A 12% complication rate (major and minor) was observed. After adjusting for duration of follow-up and days to presentation, neither the treatment rendered nor the antibiotics selected influenced the rate of complications. Time to presentation >24 hours was the only variable associated with higher complication rate (<i>P</i> = .003). <b>Conclusions:</b> Not all fight bites require operative intervention. Irrigation in the ED with expectant wound care and oral antibiotics can be sufficient for patients presenting within 24 hours of injury in the absence of gross purulence.
Analytical-performance improvement of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for steel using multi-spectral-line calibration with an artificial neural network (2015)

A multi-spectral-line calibration approach based on an artificial neural network is presented for steel analysis in LIBS.
SEU-hardened silicon bipolar and GaAs MESFET SRAM cells using local redundancy techniques (1992)

Silicon bipolar and GaAs FET SRAMs have proven to be more difficult to harden with respect to single-event upset (SEU) mechanisms than have silicon CMOS SRAMs. This is a fundamental property of bipolar and JFET or MESFET device technologies which do not have a high-impedance, nonactive isolation between the control electrode and the current of voltage being controlled. All SEU circuit-level hardening techniques applied at the local cell level must use some type of information storage redundancy so that information loss on one node due to an SEU event can be recovered from information stored elsewhere in the cell. Several approaches to the use of local redundancy in bipolar and FET technologies are discussed. At the expense of increased cell complexity and increased power consumption and write time, several approaches are capable of providing complete SEU hardness at the local cell level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
IP Geolocation through Reverse DNS (2021)

IP Geolocation databases are widely used in online services to map end-user IP addresses to their geographical location. However, they use proprietary geolocation methods, and in some cases they have poor accuracy. We propose a systematic approach to use reverse DNS hostnames for geolocating IP addresses, with a focus on end-user IP addresses as opposed to router IPs. Our method is designed to be combined with other geolocation data sources. We cast the task as a machine learning problem where, for a given hostname, we first generate a list of potential location candidates, and then we classify each hostname and candidate pair using a binary classifier to determine which location candidates are plausible. Finally, we rank the remaining candidates by confidence (class probability) and break ties by population count. We evaluate our approach against three state-of-the-art academic baselines and two state-of-the-art commercial IP geolocation databases. We show that our work significantly outperforms the academic baselines and is complementary and competitive with commercial databases. To aid reproducibility, we open source our entire approach and make it available to the academic community.
Carbon-Supported Pd−Pt Nanoalloy with Low Pt Content and Superior Catalysis for Formic Acid Electro-oxidation (2010)

Inspired by the “third-body” effect and the d-band center theory, a series of carbon black-supported PdxPt1−x (denoted as PdxPt1-x/C, with atomic fraction x = 0.5−1) nanocatalysts were synthesized and screened in order to pinpoint the optimal composition targeted for the electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid. The effective alloying of these two elements is better demonstrated by the compositional dependent synergetic electrocatalysis identified for the as-synthesized PdxPt1−x/C nanoparticles rather than by the XRD characterization. Preliminary screening indicates that Pd0.9Pt0.1/C is the optimum catalyst for the desired reaction among all tested PdxPt1−x/C samples. This high performance of the Pd0.9Pt0.1 nanoalloy can be ascribed to the effectively inhibited CO poisoning at largely separated Pt sites and appropriately lowered d-band center of Pd sites.
Correlator Implementation for Orthogonal CSS Used in an Ultrasonic LPS (2012)

This paper presents a new architecture for the correlation of orthogonal complementary sets of sequences (OCSS) and their performance in an ultrasonic local positioning system (U-LPS). OCSS are sets of sequences whose addition of correlation functions has ideal properties, that makes interference-free code-division multiple access (CDMA) possible. They can be used to encode the signals emitted by a CDMA-based U-LPS, enhancing the performance of such systems in terms of immunity against noise, multipath propagation, and near-far effect. Also, the orthogonality of the codes offers an operation resistance to multiaccess interference, which endows the U-LPS with the capability of simultaneous emission from different beacons. On the other hand, the detection of OCSS codes can be performed by means of efficient algorithms. This paper presents an optimization of previous proposals allowing the simultaneous correlation of OCSS by using fewer operations and memory elements. Furthermore, the hardware implementation of the proposed optimization is also addressed, and an U-LPS based on this proposal is presented.
Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies (2006)

A recently published theory has suggested that a cloak of invisibility is in principle possible, at least over a narrow frequency band. We describe here the first practical realization of such a cloak; in our demonstration, a copper cylinder was "hidden" inside a cloak constructed according to the previous theoretical prescription. The cloak was constructed with the use of artificially structured metamaterials, designed for operation over a band of microwave frequencies. The cloak decreased scattering from the hidden object while at the same time reducing its shadow, so that the cloak and object combined began to resemble empty space.
Linear-mode photon counting with the noiseless gain HgCdTe e-APD (2011)

A linear mode photon counting FPA using HgCdTe MWIR cutoff e-APDs has been designed, fabricated, and characterized. The broad spectral range (0.4 &mu;m to 4.3 &mu;m) is unique among photon counters, making this a "first of its kind" system spanning the visible to the MWIR. The low excess noise ((F(M) &asymp; 1) of the e-APDs allows for robust photon detection while operating at a stable linear avalanche gain in the range of 500 to 1000. The ROIC design included a very high gain-bandwidth product RTIA (3x10<sup>11</sup> Ohm-Hz) and a 4 ns output digital pulse width comparator. The ROIC had 16 high bandwidth analog and 16 LVDS digital outputs. The 2x8 array was integrated into an LN2 Dewar with a custom LCC and daughter board design that preserved high bandwidth analog and digital signal integrity. The 2x8 e-APD arrays were fabricated on 4.3 &mu;m cutoff HgCdTe and operated at 84 K. The measured dark currents were approximately 1 pA at 13 V bias where the measured APD gain was 500. This translates to a predicted dark current induced dark count rate of less than 20 KHz. Single photon detection was achieved with a photon pulse SNR of 13.7 above the amplifier noise floor. A photon detection efficiency of 50% was measured at a background limited false event rate (FER) of about 1 MHz. The measured jitter was in the range of 550 ps to 800 ps. The demonstrated minimum time between distinguishable events was less than 10 ns.
Effect of Surface Acidic and Basic Properties of the Supported Nickel Catalysts on the Hydrogenation of Pyridine to Piperidine (2013)

Ni/Al2O3, Ni/MgAlO, and Ni/MgO catalysts were studied for the hydrogenation of pyridine to piperidine. Microcalorimetric adsorption and infrared spectroscopy were used to study the adsorption of CO, H2, pyridine, and piperidine on the catalysts. It was found that the basic support (MgO) increased the heat of adsorption of CO on Ni, due to the increased surface electron density of Ni, while weakened the strength of H–Ni, which might be a reason for the decreased activity of Ni/MgO for the hydrogenation of pyridine. In contrast, the acidic support (Al2O3) caused the electron-deficient surface metallic Ni that enhanced the adsorption of H2 and pyridine and thus favored the hydrogenation of pyridine. In addition, it was found that pyridine was more strongly adsorbed on Ni than piperidine although piperidine is a stronger base than pyridine, indicating that the electron-enriched aromatic ring of pyridine might be involved in the adsorption of pyridine on Ni, which was favored on the electron-deficient surface Ni and acidic support.