gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Inter-organ Amino-Acid Transport by Blood Cells in Humans (1973)

To evaluate the contribution of blood cellular elements to inter-organ transport of amino acids, net exchange across the leg and splanchnic bed of 17 amino acids was determined in seven healthy postabsorptive subjects by use of both whole blood and plasma for analysis. Arterial-portal venous differences were measured in five additional subjects undergoing elective cholecystectomy. By use of whole blood, significant net release of amino acids was noted from the leg and gut, while a consistent uptake was observed by the splanchnic bed. The output of alanine from the leg and gut and the uptake of this amino acid by the splanchnic bed exceeded that of all other amino acids and accounted for 35-40% of total amino-acid exchange. Transport by way of plasma could not account for total tissue release or uptake of alanine, threonine, serine, glutamine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, and citrulline. For each of these amino acids, significant tissue exchange was calculated to occur by way of the blood cellular elements, the direction of which generally paralleled the net shifts occurring in plasma. For alanine, 30% of its output from the leg and gut and 22% of its uptake by the splanchnic area occurred by way of blood cells. We conclude that the blood cellular elements, presumably erythrocytes, contribute substantially to the net flux of amino acids from muscle and gut to liver in normal postabsorptive humans. Alanine predominates in the inter-organ transfer of amino acids occurring by way of blood cells as well as plasma.
Anomeric DNA Strand Displacement with α‐D Oligonucleotides as Invaders and Ethidium Bromide as Fluorescence Sensor for Duplexes with α/β‐, β/β‐ and α/α‐D Configuration (2022)

DNA strand displacement is a technique to exchange one strand of a double stranded DNA by another strand (invader). It is an isothermal, enzyme free method driven by single stranded overhangs (toeholds) and is employed in DNA amplification, mismatch detection and nanotechnology. We discovered that anomeric (α/β) DNA can be used for heterochiral strand displacement. Homochiral DNA in β-D configuration was transformed to heterochiral DNA in α-D/β-D configuration and further to homochiral DNA with both strands in α-D configuration. Single stranded α-D DNA acts as invader. Herein, new anomeric displacement systems with and without toeholds were designed. Due to their resistance against enzymatic degradation, the systems are applicable to living cells. The light-up intercalator ethidium bromide is used as fluorescence sensor to follow the progress of displacement. Anomeric DNA displacement shows benefits over canonical DNA in view of toehold free displacement and simple detection by ethidium bromide.
Reduced release of vasoconstrictors from the porcine heart after repeated periods of ischemia (2005)

The decline in post-ischemic hyperemia after repeated brief periods of myocardial ischemia is not accompanied by a progressive accentuation of cardiac ET-1 and NE release.
Data from Acquired Resistance of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to MET Kinase Inhibition Is Mediated by a Switch to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Dependency (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Cancer cells harboring &lt;i&gt;MET&lt;/i&gt; amplification display striking sensitivity to selective small molecule inhibitors of MET kinase, prompting their clinical evaluation. Similar to the experience with traditional therapeutics, most patients responding to treatment with such molecular targeted therapeutics ultimately relapse with drug-resistant disease. In this study we modeled acquired resistance to experimental MET kinase inhibitor PF2341066 in &lt;i&gt;MET&lt;/i&gt;-amplified non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines to identify drug resistance mechanisms that may arise in clinic. We found that activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway emerges as a resistance mechanism in &lt;i&gt;MET&lt;/i&gt;-amplified cells after prolonged exposure to PF2341066. Whereas combined inhibition of MET and EGFR kinases in MET-dependent NSCLC cells did not enhance their initial sensitivity to PF2341066, this combination dramatically suppressed the eventual emergence of drug-resistant clones after prolonged drug exposure. Conversely, activation of the EGFR pathway increased the yield of PF2341066-resistant clones, confirming the significance of this pathway in conferring resistance. Our findings support an intimate relationship between the EGFR and MET signaling pathways in NSCLC, and they suggest that combination treatment with MET and EGFR kinase inhibitors may be beneficial in &lt;i&gt;MET&lt;/i&gt;-amplified NSCLC by reducing selection for drug resistant clones. Cancer Res; 70(4); 1625–34&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Impact of Timely Public Health Measures on Kidney Transplantation in Austria during the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak—A Nationwide Analysis (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 led to considerable morbidity/mortality worldwide and tremendously impacted on daily life. Strict lockdown measures were implemented early to contain the viral outbreak in Austria. Massive changes in organizational structures of healthcare facilities followed with unclear implications on the care of non-COVID-19-affected patients. We studied the nationwide impact of COVID-19 on kidney transplantation in Austria during the first six months of 2020. Concurrent with general lockdown measures, all kidney transplant activity was suspended from 13 March to 9 April. Nevertheless, between January and June, total transplant (<i>p</i> = 0.48) and procured donor organ numbers (<i>p</i> = 0.6) did not differ significantly from earlier years. Ten (0.18%) of 5512 prevalent Austrian kidney transplant recipients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. The case fatality rate (one death; 10%) in renal transplant patients was less than in other countries but higher than in Austria's general population (2.4%). We conclude that early and strict general lockdown measures imposed by the government allowed an early, however cautious, re-opening of Austrian transplant programs and played a crucial role for the favorable outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 in Austrian kidney transplant patients. Even though it may be uncertain whether similar results may be obtainable in other countries, the findings may support early intervention strategies during similar episodes in the future.
SURFACEATTACHMENT ANDPRE-PENETRATIONSTAGEDEVELOPMENT BYPLANTPATHOGENICFUNGI (2001)

Fungal pathogens cause many of the most serious crop diseases. One of the principal reasons for the success of this group is their ability to locate and perceive appropriate host surfaces and then to elaborate specialized infection structures. Here we review the processes implicated in surface attachment, germ tube elongation, and development of appressoria. The involvement of surface-acting proteins such as fungal hydrophobins and integrins in these processes is evaluated, along with a description of studies that have revealed the existence of conserved signaling pathways that regulate appressorium formation. Finally, we anticipate the prospect of genome-level analysis of fungal pathogens and the key research questions that will need to be addressed.
The Generalized Independent and Dominating Set Problems on Unit Disk Graphs (2020)

In this article, we study a generalized version of the maximum independent set and minimum dominating set problems, namely, the maximum $d$-distance independent set problem and the minimum $d$-distance dominating set problem on unit disk graphs for a positive integer $d&gt;0$. We first show that the maximum $d$-distance independent set problem and the minimum $d$-distance dominating set problem belongs to NP-hard class. Next, we propose a simple polynomial-time constant-factor approximation algorithms and PTAS for both the problems.
The activity of aminoglycoside antibiotics against Trypanosoma brucei. (2012)

The trypanocidal activity of four aminoglycosides was determined against Trypanosoma brucei in vitro. The drug activity in descending order, was as follows; paromomycin kanamycin>gentamycin > neomycin. Paromomycin bad the highest activity and the concentration that inhibited 50% of trypanosome growth (IC50) was 11.4microM. The effect of paromomycin on the causative agents of the East African form of sleeping sickness - T.b. rhodesiense KETRI 265, 2285, 2545, 2562 and EATRO 110,112, 1152 was subsequently assessed. Variations sensitivities between the trypanosome populations were observed and IC50 values ranging from 13.01 to 43.06 microM recorded. However, when paromomycin was administered intraperitoneally (i.p) at 500 mg/kg, it was not effective in curing mice infected with T. b. rhodesienseKETRI 2545 the most drug-sensitive isolate in vitro. Lack of in vivo activity may be because the trypanosome is an extracellular parasite. The pharmacokinetics of paromomycin in the mouse model need to be determined.
Epidemiological review ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in humans and animals in Portugal (2014)

Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis. However, data from Portugal are limited and a considerable part of the literature is in Portuguese. Currently, the rate of congenital infection in Portugal is unknown, and almost nothing is known of sequelae of congenital toxoplasmosis. There is no recent general population-based serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii in humans in Portugal. In addition, there is little information on genetic characteristics of T. gondii in animals and humans. In the present paper, we review prevalence, clinical spectrum and epidemiology of T. gondii in humans and animals in Portugal. This knowledge should be useful to biologists, public health workers, physicians and veterinarians.
A side-wall transfer-transistor cell (SWATT cell) for highly reliable multi-level NAND EEPROMs (1997)

A multi-level NAND Flash memory cell, using a new Side-WAll Transfer-Transistor (SWATT) structure, has been developed for a high performance and low bit cost Flash EEPROM. With the SWATT cell, a relatively wide threshold voltage (V/sub th/) distribution of about 1.1 V is sufficient for a 4-level memory cell in contrast to a narrow 0.6 V distribution that is required for a conventional 4-level NAND cell. The key technology that allows this wide V/sub th/ distribution is the Transfer Transistor which is located at the side wall of the Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) region and is connected in parallel with the floating gate transistor. During read, the Transfer Transistors of the unselected cells (connected in series with the selected cell) function as pass transistors. So, even if the V/sub th/ of the unselected floating gate transistor is higher than the control gate voltage, the unselected cell will be in the ON state. As a result, the V/sub th/ distribution of the floating gate transistor can be wider and the programming can be faster because the number of program/verify cycles can be reduced. Furthermore, the SWATT cell results in a very small cell size of 0.57 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ for a 0.35 /spl mu/m rule. Thus, the SWATT cell combines a small cell size with a multi-level scheme to realize a very low bit cost. This paper describes the process technology and the device performance of the SWATT cell, which can be used to realize NAND EEPROM's of 512 Mbit and beyond.
Fabrication of Gold Nanodot Array Using Anodic Porous Alumina as an Evaporation Mask (1996)

A highly ordered gold nanodot array was fabricated by vacuum evaporation using an anodic porous alumina membrane with through-holes of nanometer scale as a mask. This technique resulted in an orderly arrangement of Au dots with a diameter of approximately 40 nm over a large area on a Si substrate.
Objektivierung visueller Wahrnehmungsstörungen nach einseitigem Vestibularisausfall* (1991)

Visual ability and compensatory eye movements during defined vertical oscillation were investigated in 20 patients with unilateral lesions of labyrinthine function and in 20 normal subjects. Oscillation frequencies were performed at the rate of 1 to 1.5 Hz with an amplitude of 5 cm, comparative to head locomotions of a running person. In synchronism with this, the visual function was tested with Landolt rings. Patients complaining of subjective visual disturbance during walking and running, also presented a measurable blur of vision under test conditions. In addition, eye movements were recorded and classified into three types. However, these eye movements showed no relation to gaze function. Our results suggest that the otolith-ocular reflex may participate in adjusting the vertical eye position during vertical stimulations at low frequencies. The effect of visual disturbances in patients with labyrinthine lesions is explained by the "efference-copy" initially described by von Holst. The efference-copy is responsible for the neutralisation of provoked retinal perceptions.
Analysis of latency for reliable end-to-end batch transmission in multi-rate multi-hop wireless networks (2005)

We present an analytical model to analyze latency for reliable end-to-end batch transmission in a multi-hop wireless network using multi-rate transmission at each hop. The end-to-end reliability is achieved through hop-level error recovery based on an automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol with unlimited persistence. The multi-rate transmission in the radio link is achieved through adaptive modulation and coding (AMC). We derive complete statistics (i.e., probability mass function) for the end-to-end latency. The analytical results are validated through simulations. The proposed model would be useful to analyze and optimize reliable end-to-end protocol (i.e., transport layer protocol) performance in multi-hop wireless networks.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF DECACARBONYL(BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)METHANE)TRIRUTHENIUM AND THE ELUCIDATION OF ITS STRUCTURE BY DYNAMIC CARBON‐13 NMR SPECTROSCOPY (1978)

Abstract Die V Titelverbindung (I) wurde durch Reaktion von Ru3 (CO)" mit dem Diphosphin in THF dargestellt (keine Ausbeuteangabe.) Das NMR‐Spektrum zeigt einen CO‐Austauschprozeß, der als Modell für CO‐Wanderung auf einer Metalloberfläche angesehen werden kann.
Development of a New Geometric Bicycle Saddle for the Maintenance of Genital–Perineal Vascular Perfusion (2005)

Oxygen plays a central role in wound healing. The hypothesis of this study was that the administration of a perfluorocarbon emulsion, which dissolves oxygen will increase subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension (PsqO2) in normovolemic and hemorrhaged animals. In the first set of experiments, PsqO2 was measured with a polarographic oxygen electrode along the dorsum of normovolemic-anesthetized rats (n=20) breathing supplemental oxygen. After baseline equilibration of tissue oxygen tension, perflubron emulsion (n=12) or saline control (n=8) was administered. Perflubron administration increased PsqO2 by 32.0 +/- 7.2 mmHg, whereas saline administration had no effect (-1.0 +/- 6.6 mmHg). In a second set of experiments, PsqO2 (n=12) was measured in rats breathing 100 percent oxygen after being bled 20 percent of their blood volume. Creating hypovolemic rats allowed for the study of the effect of perflubron emulsion administration on subcutaneous oxygen tension in tissues with compromised blood flow. Perflubron emulsion was only effective at increasing oxygen tension in tissues with oxygen extractions less then 2.0 vol%. These findings agree with those results analytically predicted based on the oxygen solubility of the perflubron emulsion.
Democratizing content publication with coral (2004)

CoralCDN is a peer-to-peer content distribution network that allows a user to run a web site that offers high performance and meets huge demand, all for the price ofa cheap broadband Internet connection. Volunteer sites that run CoralCDN automatically replicate content as a side effect of users accessing it. Publishing through CoralCDN is as simple as making a small change to the hostname in an object&amp;apos;s URL; a peer-to-peer DNS layer transparently redirects browsers to nearby participating cache nodes, which in turn cooperate to minimize load on the origin web server. One of the system&amp;apos;s key goals isto avoid creating hot spots that might dissuade volunteers and hurt performance. It achieves this through Coral, a latency-optimized hierarchical indexing infrastructure based on a novel abstraction called a distributed sloppyhash table, or DSHT.
Solubility of bioceramic‐ and epoxy resin‐based root canal sealers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2021)

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether epoxy resin-based root canal sealers present an increased solubility than calcium silicate-based root canal sealers. A systematic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Open Grey. The inclusion criteria consisted of in vitro studies that compared the solubility of epoxy resin-based and calcium silicate-based sealers. The quality assessment and data extraction of the selected articles were performed. The meta-analysis of the pooled data and the subgroups according to the root thirds were carried out using the RevMan software (P < 0.05). After the duplicate removal and eligibility criteria assessment, a total of 22 studies were included all of them were considered as having a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis demonstrated overall lower solubility of AH Plus. AH Plus presented lower solubility than Bio-C Sealer, BioRoot RCS, MTA Fillapex, Sealer Plus and Total Fill BC Sealer.
Recent developments of electrodeposition-redox replacement in metal recovery and functional materials: A review (2023)

One way to overcome the complex problem of the increasing demand for metals coupled with the rapid depletion of high-grade raw materials is to boost research into innovative methods of metal recovery. Electrochemical recovery for metal production has already gained ground in the electrowinning and electrorefining of Cu, Zn, and Au, for example, from highly concentrated and purified hydrometallurgical solutions. Since 2015, an electrochemical technique, based on the combination of the electrodeposition (ED) and redox replacement (RR) processes, has been developed in the context of trace metal recovery (μg/L – mg/L). Specifically, EDRR enables the efficient recovery of precious metals, including Ag, Au, Pt, and Te, from underutilized secondary raw materials-hydrometallurgical solutions, where these metal species are naturally present. With highly flexible electrochemical process parameters, EDRR also allows controllable preparation of metal coatings, nanoparticles, and even functional surfaces directly from lower-grade resources, further indicating the promise of EDRR to relieve material scarcity. In this review, we analyze in detail the significant progress regarding EDRR for both metal recovery behavior and creation of high-value-added materials. The future prospects for EDRR, including energy efficiency and sustainable materials, are also outlined.
Sudden Death in Hydrocephalic Spina bifida aperta Patients (1987)

Twelve patients of 146 hydrocephalic spina bifida aperta patients, treated with a ventricular drainage system, died suddenly. In 7 of them the cause of death was most probably related to the use of a ventriculovascular shunt, causing pulmonary embolism. Thromboembolic complications were not seen in the 26 hydrocephalic spina bifida patients treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. In 4 other patients shunt malfunction was considered as the cause of sudden death. The case reports of these 11 patients are presented. Pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed and measures for prevention of these two potentially lethal complications are described.
ChemInform Abstract: EISEN‐KOMPLEXE MIT EINIGEN ORGANOPHOSPHORSAEUREN (1975)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung von F e(III) mit N,N,N′,N′‐Tetrakis‐[phosphonomethyl]‐äthylendiamin entsteht im pH‐Bereich l‐4,5 der 2: l‐Komplex (I), mit N‐(2‐Hydroxyäthyl)‐ IE1 N,N′,N′‐tris‐[phosphonomethyH‐äthylendiamin bei pH l‐2,5 der 1:1‐, bei pH 3‐3,5 der 2:1‐ und bei pH 3,5‐4,2 der 3:2‐Komplex (II), (III) bzw. (V).
Avoiding Synchronization in First-Order Methods for Sparse Convex Optimization (2018)

Parallel computing has played an important role in speeding up convex optimization methods for big data analytics and large-scale machine learning (ML). However, the scalability of these optimization methods is inhibited by the cost of communicating and synchronizing processors in a parallel setting. Iterative ML methods are particularly sensitive to communication cost since they often require communication every iteration. In this work, we extend well-known techniques from Communication-Avoiding Krylov subspace methods to first-order, block coordinate descent methods for Support Vector Machines and Proximal Least-Squares problems. Our Synchronization-Avoiding (SA) variants reduce the latency cost by a tunable factor of 's' at the expense of a factor of 's' increase in flops and bandwidth costs. We show that the SA-variants are numerically stable and can attain large speedups of up to 5.1x on a Cray XC30 supercomputer.
Hematopoietic stem cells with controllable tEpoR transgenes have a competitive advantage in bone marrow transplantation (2000)

In a previous study, it was found that a truncated erythropoietin receptor transgene (tEpoR tg) enables multilineage hematopoietic progenitor amplification after treatment with erythropoietin (epo) in vitro and in vivo. This study used competitive bone marrow (BM) repopulation to show that tEpoR tg facilitates transplantation by hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Individual multilineage colonies, committed myeloid progenitor colonies, and lymphoid colonies (pre-B colony-forming units) were grown from the marrow of animals 6 months after they received a 50/50 mixture of transgene and wild-type BM cells. In epo-treated recipients, the transgene-bearing cells significantly outcompeted the wild-type cells (84%-100% versus 16%-0%, respectively). In recipients treated with phosphate-buffered saline, the repopulation was minimally different from the donor mixture (49%-64% transgene versus 51%-36% wild-type). The epo-induced repopulation advantage is maintained in secondary transplants. In addition, neither accelerated HSC depletion nor uncontrollable proliferation occurred during epo-stimulated serial transplants of transgene-containing BM. Thus, the tEpoR tg functions in a benign fashion in HSC and allows for a significant and controllable repopulation advantage in vivo without excessive HSC depletion relative to wild-type BM.
Discrimination of hepatitis G virus/GBV-C geographical variants by analysis of the 5' non-coding region. (1997)

We have investigated the ability of different subgenomic fragments to reproduce the phylogenetic relationships observed between six complete genome sequences of GBV-C/hepatitis G virus (HGV). While similar relationships were observed following analysis of part of the 5' non-coding region (5'NCR), for the coding region they were not accurately reproduced for some large fragments or for the majority of fragments of 300 or 600 nucleotides. Analysis of 5'NCR sequences from a large number of isolates, including newly obtained sequences from Pakistan, Zaïre and Scotland, produced separate groupings of Asian, African and European/North American variants. These groupings are associated with specific polymorphisms in the 5'NCR, many of which were covariant and consistent with a proposed secondary structure for this region. The relatively low level of amino acid sequence variation observed between these geographically and phylogenetically defined groups of variants suggests that they are unlikely to display significant biological differences.