gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homolytic Abstraction of Benzylic Hydrogen (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomolytic Abstraction of Benzylic HydrogenRichard D. Gilliom and Benjamin F. Ward Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 17, 3944–3948Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01095a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01095a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views209Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bioactive Diterpenes from Callicarpa longissima (2012)

Investigation of the leaves and twigs of Callicarpa longissima resulted in the isolation of four new compounds (1-4), callilongisins A-D, and five known compounds, ursolic acid, 3-oxoanticopalic acid, (E)-6β-hydroxylabda-8(17),13-dien-15-oic acid, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, and artemetin. Compounds 1-3 are 3,4-seco-abietane-type diterpenoids, and compound 4 is an analogue of a labdenoic-type diterpene. The structure of compound 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Cytotoxicity against a human prostate cancer cell line (PC3) and anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated.
Calculators Estimating the Likelihood of Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: Uses and Perceptions (2020)

Calculators predicting likelihood of VBAC success are widely used in midwifery settings and are more often used to discourage than to encourage labor after cesarean. Midwives reported both directive and nondirective counseling based on calculator scores.
Dynamical Interplay between Awareness and Epidemic Spreading in Multiplex Networks (2013)

We present the analysis of the interrelation between two processes accounting for the spreading of an epidemic, and the information awareness to prevent its infection, on top of multiplex networks. This scenario is representative of an epidemic process spreading on a network of persistent real contacts, and a cyclic information awareness process diffusing in the network of virtual social contacts between the same individuals. The topology corresponds to a multiplex network where two diffusive processes are interacting affecting each other. The analysis using a microscopic Markov chain approach reveals the phase diagram of the incidence of the epidemics and allows us to capture the evolution of the epidemic threshold depending on the topological structure of the multiplex and the interrelation with the awareness process. Interestingly, the critical point for the onset of the epidemics has a critical value (metacritical point) defined by the awareness dynamics and the topology of the virtual network, from which the onset increases and the epidemics incidence decreases.
Effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on rotator cuff tear injury in rat (844.9) (2014)

The rotator cuff musculature imparts dynamic stability to the glenohumeral joint. In particular, the balance between the subscapularis anteriorly and the infraspinatus posteriorly, often referred to as the rotator cuff “force couple,” is critical for concavity compression and concentric rotation of the humeral head. Our goal was to determine the effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on rotator cuff tear injury in rat model. 48 rats underwent detachment of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus and were randomly assigned to control and pentadecapeptide BPC 157 group. BPC 157 animals were regularly treated with pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (10µg/kg) intraperitoneally, control animals got equivalent volume of saline. Animals were observed during experiment and were sacrificed 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the surgery. Macroscopic observation (muscle atrophy (m(non‐operated m triceps)/m‐operated(m triceps)), movement range, front leg length) and functional analysis (walk pattern (SFI), front limb muscle strength (weightlifting time) were performed. In animals treated with pentadecapeptide BPC 157 was observed total functional recovery similar to healthy animals, along with supraspinate and infraspinate tendon healing. In controls, mobility rage, muscle strength, and leg length were reduced compared to pentadecapeptide BPC 157 treated animals. In conclusion, pentadecapeptide BPC 157 could be successfully used in healing and functional recovery of rotator cuff tear injury. Grant Funding Source : Supported by Grant 108‐1083570‐3635, Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, Croatia
Clinician Search Behaviors May Be Influenced by Search Engine Design (2010)

This study provides evidence that different search engine designs are associated with different user search behaviors.
Complex assessment of endocrine disruptive activity in the river ecosystem using active and passive sampling and bioassays (2008)

The aim of this study is the interconnecting of chemical and biological monitoring to obtain complex characterization of contamination in the aquatic environment, focused especially on endocrine disruptive (ED) activity. The study has been conducted in a region of city agglomeration in Central Europe with 400,000 inhabitants and many industrial activities. Multiple types of integrative passive samplers have been used to detect presence of contaminants with ED-potential in water - SPMD (Semi-Permeable Membrane Devices) and POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) for polar pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Battery of in vitro bioassays has been used to assess contamination by compounds with specific modes of action in water, sediments and fish tissue extracts. The bioassays with recombinant yeast and cell systems have been used to evaluate cytotoxic, dioxin-like, (anti)estrogenic and (anti)androgenic potency. The complex approach enabled to assess the presence and distribution of compounds with specific mode of action in various components of the river ecosystem as well as elucidate the character ED-active compounds in the river water. The project has been supported by MSMT 2B06093 and INCHEMBIOL 0021622412.
Cloud Computing and Grid Computing 360-Degree Compared (2008)

Cloud computing has become another buzzword after Web 2.0. However, there are dozens of different definitions for cloud computing and there seems to be no consensus on what a cloud is. On the other hand, cloud computing is not a completely new concept; it has intricate connection to the relatively new but thirteen-year established grid computing paradigm, and other relevant technologies such as utility computing, cluster computing, and distributed systems in general. This paper strives to compare and contrast cloud computing with grid computing from various angles and give insights into the essential characteristics of both.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbocyclic Phosphononucleosides (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Normal Incidence Mid-Infrared Photocurrent in AlGaN/GaN Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (2005)

We report the growth and characterization of AlGaN/GaN multiple quantum well structures designed to have intersubband transitions in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum. The samples were nominally undoped but were found to contain a high electron population in the wells induced by the local polarization fields. The sample was characterized by the use of the Raman spectroscopy and photocurrent spectroscopy. The Raman spectroscopy shows electronic Raman scattering from intersubband transitions in the AlGaN/GaN quantum wells. The e 1 -e 2 and e 1 -e 3 transitions of the confined 2d electron population in the wells can clearly be observed. A sample designed to absorb at 4 m was fabricated into mesa structures and the vertical photocurrent measured under normal incidence illumination from the free-electron laser FELIX. A wavelength and bias dependent photocurrent was observed in the mid-IR region of spectrum. The peak responsivity was of the order of 50 A/W at 4 K, the photocurrent still being measurable at room temperature.
Rhetoric, the Polis, and the Global Village (1999)

Rhetoric, the Polis, and the Global Village represents current thought on the role of rhetoric in various disciplines, and includes such diverse topics as race, technology, and religion, demonstrating the expanding relevance of rhetoric in today's world. The essays included in this volume address the question of the polis in ancient and modern times, gradually converging with the more recent 30-year span between the decade of the Global Village and today's rhetorical rehearsals for a political global economy. Originating from the 1998 Rhetoric Society of America's biennial conference, and representing the 30-year anniversary of the organization, this volume offers to all readers the keynote lectures and selected papers celebrating the universality of rhetoric across cultures. As a benchmark for the scholarship and growth of the rhetoric discipline in recent history, it will be of great interest to scholars in classical and contemporary rhetoric, writing, and other fields in which rhetoric has attained critical significance and influence.
Antireflective coatings using organically modified silica and polyimide via solution casting method (2013)

Antireflective (AR) coatings were prepared using a polyimide and two types of organically modified silica colloids via a solution casting method. The optically transparent polyimide was prepared from 2,2′‐Bis[4‐(3,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]propane dianhydride (BPADA) and 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA). The silica colloids were driven to the coating‐air interface by either the fluorinated alkyl group or PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) segment tethered onto the silica colloids. The amount of fluorinated alkyl groups and the molecular weight of the siloxane grafted on the silica colloid were varied. The PDMS‐silica and fluorosilica colloids were characterized by TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), solid‐state 13 C NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and solid‐state 29 Si NMR. The AR coatings were characterized by UV–vis (Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy) transmittance spectra, AFM (Atomic Force Microscope), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The effects of modified silica loading and type of solvent on AR properties were studied. An enhancement in AR activity was observed for 1 wt% PDMS‐modified (low molecular weight) silica coatings and 3 wt.% fluorosilica‐10 in dimethylacetamide (DMAc). In comparison with cyclopentanone (CPT), DMAc favors migration of silica particles toward coating‐air interface giving higher transmittance. The migration of particles to the surface and consequently increased surface roughness was observed by SEM. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 53:2228–2241, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Cloud-based evolutionary algorithm for Network on Chip (NoC) test scheduling using NoC as TAMs (2013)

Network on Chip is a novel system-on-chip paradigm. Developing an efficient test strategy is essential for future NoC development. We propose to use cloud theory to solve core test scheduling problem for NoC using NoC communication network as test access mechanisms (TAMs). A cloud model is build and used by our evolutionary algorithm to optimize NoC testing time under power consumption constraint. The goal is to use cloud evolutionary algorithm to schedule testing of NoC cores as much in parallel as possible. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm converges much faster than the tradition evolutionary algorithm and can find testing schedules that reduce NoC testing time.
Who's hogging the bandwidth (2010)

As more technologies enter the home, householders are burdened with the task of digital housekeeping-managing and sharing digital resources like bandwidth. In response to this, we created and evaluated a domestic tool for bandwidth management called Home Watcher. Our field trial showed that when resource contention amongst different household members is made visible, people's understanding of bandwidth changes and household politics are revealed. In this paper, we describe the consequences of showing real time resource usage in a home, and how this varies depending on the social make up of the household.
Accurate Phase Equilibria Predictions for Hydrates of Multi-Component Natural Gases (2014)

Information on the phase behavior of gas hydrate is vital for several mitigation techniques to control their formation in pipelines and surface facilities for efficient flow assurance during the production and transportation of natural gas and reservoir fluids. The pipeline environment (high pressure and low temperature) favors the formation of natural gas hydrate, which is one of the main elements in the flow assurance issues and this has to be taken in to account very seriously. New thermodynamic computing approach is being developed for predicting the phase equilibria for vapor and solid hydrate. Vapor phase properties at different conditions can easily be calculated using equation of state, which is quite challenging for solid hydrate. The proposed hydrate model is an extension of Chen-Guo model, takes in to account the change in activity at every change in temperature. The new model assists in tuning the parameters accurately to different sets of experimental data. To propose a model which predicts hydrate phase stability of a multi-component natural gas, consideration of hydrate structural changes and activities is necessary. Therefore besides careful selection of interaction parameters for n! combinations of guest gas molecules, selection of activity of water for a respective set of equilibrium pressure and temperature condition is an important step while computing equilibrium temperatures and pressures of hydrates formed in bulk phase. In this work, activity of water is calculated by Pitzer equation. An intricate mechanism of hydrate formation is followed and it is assumed that hydrate formed in the pores is in complete solid phase. The multi component natural gas mixture (six to ten gases) compositions are chosen in such a ways that a substantial amount of CO2 is present, which makes the activity of the hydrate formation increase from water activity slightly more (&amp;gt;1) due to their high solubility at higher temperatures. The proposed equilibria phase prediction method is well validated examining eight sets of different natural gases from literature which were studied experimentally by different authors for equilibrium pressure and temperature. The developed method is found to predict the phase stabilities for a multicomponent natural gas hydrates system satisfactorily.
Goal directed meaning connects perception and specification (2001)

We believe that the task goal in voluntary movements provides meaning to existing information sources in the environment and determines, in a dynamic way, the use and relative importance of these different sources. This task-centered meaning bridges the apparent controversy between what information is available in principle (i.e., specification), and what information is perceived.
Quantitative Susceptibility Map Reconstruction via a Total Generalized Variation Regularization (2013)

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a last decade new concept which allows to determine the magnetic susceptibility distribution of tissue in-vivo. Nowadays it has several applications such as venous blood oxygenation and iron concentration quantification. To reconstruct high quality maps, a regularized scheme must be used to solve this ill-posed problem, due to the dipole kernel under sampling k-space. A widely used regularization penalty is Total Variation (TV), however, we can find stair casing artifacts in reconstructions due to the assumption that images are piecewise constant, not always true in MRI. In this sense, we propose a less restrictive functional, to avoid this problem and to improve QSM quality. A second order Total Generalized Variation (TGV) does not assume piecewise constancy in the images and is equivalent to TV in terms of edge preservation and noise removal. This work describes how TGV penalty addresses an increase in imaging efficiency in magnetic susceptibility maps from numerical phantom and in-vivo data. Currently, we report higher specificity with the proposed regularization. Moreover, the robustness of TGV suggest that is a possible alternative to tissue susceptibility mapping.
Multiple Object Identification By Bipolar Joint Transform Correlation (1988)

We investigate the performance of a recently introduced bipolar joint transform image correlator when multiple reference objects and single and multiple targets are present at the input plane. The bipolar joint transform correlator uses nonlinearity at the Fourier plane to threshold the Fourier trans-forms' interference intensity to only two values, 1 and -1. The performance of the bipolar correlator is compared to the classical joint transform image correlator when multiple objects are present at the input plane. We show that the performance of the bipolar correlator is substantially superior to that of the classical joint transform image correlator in the areas of autocorrelation peak intensity, autocorrelation peak to sidelobe ratio, autocorrelation bandwidth, and discrimination sensitivity. It is shown that when multiple objects are present at the input plane, the classical joint transform image correlator produces large cross-correlation signals and poorly defined autocorrelation signals with large bandwidth. The large cross-correlation signals are comparable in intensity with the autocorrelation peak and can falsely indicate the presence of many targets. On the other hand, the bipolar joint transform image correlator produces well-defined autocorrelation signals with very low cross-correlation level. Computer simulations are used to test both types of correlators, and 3-D plots of the correlation functions are provided and discussed.
Novel Backbone Replacements for Oligonucleotides (1994)

A new type of backbone replacement in antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing an amide group is described. The syntheses of five isomeric amide modifications are described together with their binding affinities to complementary RNA and DNA strands. Among these backbone replacements, the amides 3 and 4 have a similar affinity for an RNA strand as the wild type. The properties of those amide modifications are compared to more flexible (carbon chain internucleosidic linkage) and to more rigid (ureas, carbamates) backbones. The modified ODNs display high resistance towards nucleases.
Estimation of Heat Generation in Semiconductors Centrally Mounted on Printed Circuit Boards (2022)

This work proposes a method to estimate the heat dissipation of components that are centrally soldered to printed circuit boards (PCBs). The power losses of a ball grid array (BGA) package and a MOSFET are estimated via a 1-D thermal model in tandem with a heat flux sensor. The former device is soldered to a multilayer PCB with complex copper traces, whereas the latter is mounted on a PCB without internal copper layers and relatively simple trace patterns. Thermal analyses demonstrate that the 1-D model is capable of representing heat conduction with good agreement in the board without internal copper layers. However, the multilayer PCB requires an adjustment coefficient based on the thermal conductance of the board. Said coefficient is employed to adjust the effective heat transfer coefficient of the multilayer PCB. With the aid of the adjustment coefficient, results show that the 1-D thermal model in combination with a heat flux sensor is capable of predicting heat dissipation within 15% of the actual power loss for both devices.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Modified 2′-Deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl Benzimidazoles and Evaluation of Their Activity Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (2016)

1-(2′-Deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-<sc>d</sc>-arabinofuranosyl)benzimidazoles containing 4,6-difluoro-, 4,5,6-trifluoro-, 5-fluoro-6-methoxy-, and 5-methoxy-4,6-difluorobenzimidazole fragments were synthesized by using purine nucleoside phosphorylase-catalyzed chemoenzymatic approach. As expected, enzymatic synthesis of nucleosides proceeds in lower yields of target compounds in comparison with the synthesis of ribo- and 2′-deoxyribobenzimidazoles (40–55% vs 60–90%). The compounds obtained were tested against the herpes simplex virus type 1, by using the <i>Vero E6</i> cells. 5-Methoxy-4,6-difluoro-1-β-<sc>d</sc>-(2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroarabinofuranosyl)benzimidazole did not show any antiviral activity, when used in nontoxic concentration. All other nucleosides proved to exhibit a selective antiherpes activity. In contrast, it was shown that benzimidazole-β-<sc>d</sc>-arabinofuranosides of both di- and trisubstituted derivatives, having substituents in positions 4–6 of the benzene ring, as well as unsubstituted compounds, cannot be synthesized by enzymatic transglycosylation. 1-(β-<sc>d</sc>-Arabinofuranosyl)benzimidazole was obtained through glycosylation of <i>N</i>-trimethylsilylbenzimidazole with 1-chloro-2,3,5-<i>O</i>-methoxymethyl-<sc>d</sc>-arabinose. The behavior of this compound, as inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) <i>E. сoli</i>, was investigated<i>.</i> 1-(β-<sc>d</sc>-Arabinofuranosyl)benzimidazole was found to belong to a mixed type of inhibitors of PNP. This fact explains why all attempts to perform enzymatic arabinosylation of 4,6-di-, 5,6-di-, and 4,5,6-trisubstituted benzimidazoles failed.
Induction of Foci of Cellular Alteration and Other Hepatic Lesions in English sole (Patophrys vetulus) Exposed to an Extract of an Urban Marine Sediment (1991)

Epizootiological analyses of field data on prevalances of hepatic neoplasms and other hepatic lesions in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound suggest a link between these lesions and sediment-associated xenobiotics, particularly aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs). To further investigate this relationship, English sole from a minimally contaminated site were parenterally exposed at monthly intervals for 1 yr to an organic solvent extract of a contaminated urban sediment containing high levels of AHs (30 or 75 mg/kg body weight) or to the model carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, 12 mg/kg body weight). Control groups included English sole exposed to an extract of a relatively uncontaminated reference sediment, sole exposed to the carrier only, and untreated sole. Eighteen months after the initial injections, examination of livers revealed a significantly different (increased, [Formula: see text]) incidence of a spectrum of hepatic lesions, including presumptive preneoplastic foci of cellular alteration, in sole exposed to the urban sediment extract or BaP. Sole in control groups did not develop any of these hepatic lesions. These results represent the first direct demonstration of the hepatotoxicity of sediment-associated chemical contaminants in English sole and strengthen the case for a cause-and-effect relationship between exposure to AHs and epizootic neoplastic hepatic lesions in this species.