gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Greenhouse gas contribution of municipal solid waste collection: A case study in the city of Istanbul, Turkey (2017)

This article estimates greenhouse gas emissions and global warming factors resulting from collection of municipal solid waste to the transfer stations or landfills in Istanbul for the year of 2015. The aim of this study is to quantify and compare diesel fuel consumption and estimate the greenhouse gas emissions and global warming factors associated with municipal solid waste collection of the 39 districts of Istanbul. Each district's greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the provision and combustion of diesel fuel was estimated by considering the number of collection trips and distances to municipal solid waste facilities. The estimated greenhouse gases and global warming factors for the districts varied from 61.2 to 2759.1 t CO<sub>2</sub>-eq and from 4.60 to 15.20 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq t<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The total greenhouse gas emission was estimated as 46.4E3 t CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. Lastly, the collection data from the districts was used to parameterise a collection model that can be used to estimate fuel consumption associated with municipal solid waste collection. This mechanistic model can then be used to predict future fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with municipal solid waste collection based on projected population, waste generation, and distance to transfer stations and landfills. The greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by decreasing the trip numbers and trip distances, building more transfer stations around the city, and making sure that the collection trucks are full in each trip.
The Need for Narrow Beamwidth in Ridged Horn Antennas for UAV-Based In-situ Measurements of Radars and Communication Systems (2022)

In this paper, a lens-integrated wideband ridged horn antenna is presented for UAV based in-situ characterization of radars and communication systems. The proposed customized antenna operates from 2 GHz to 12 GHz covering the commonly used radar bands for weather and defense applications. Compared to the narrowband and bulky horn antenna, the proposed lens-integrated ridged horn antenna is wideband, low weight, and compact in size that make it suitable for UAV based measurements. Using a single wideband probe for outdoor in-situ measurements gets rid of installing and re-calibration of multiple probes for meteorology measurements. The main limitation of the commercially available ridged horn antenna is, it suffers from wider H-plane beamwidth performance at low frequencies. The proposed lens integration technique reduces the beamwidth in the H-plane by 67% (for instance at 3 GHz), that also helps in achieving near-symmetry in the patterns.
Identifying Genes Involved in Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Vinca minor through Transcriptomics and Gene Co-Expression Analysis (2020)

The lesser periwinkle <i>Vinca minor</i> accumulates numerous monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) including the vasodilator vincamine. While the biosynthetic pathway of MIAs has been largely elucidated in other Apocynaceae such as <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>, the counterpart in <i>V. minor</i> remains mostly unknown, especially for reactions leading to MIAs specific to this plant. As a consequence, we generated a comprehensive <i>V. minor</i> transcriptome elaborated from eight distinct samples including roots, old and young leaves exposed to low or high light exposure conditions. This optimized resource exhibits an improved completeness compared to already published ones. Through homology-based searches using <i>C. roseus</i> genes as bait, we predicted candidate genes for all common steps of the MIA pathway as illustrated by the cloning of a tabersonine/vincadifformine 16-<i>O</i>-methyltransferase (Vm16OMT) isoform. The functional validation of this enzyme revealed its capacity of methylating 16-hydroxylated derivatives of tabersonine, vincadifformine and lochnericine with a Km 0.94 ± 0.06 µM for 16-hydroxytabersonine. Furthermore, by combining expression of fusions with yellow fluorescent proteins and interaction assays, we established that Vm16OMT is located in the cytosol and forms homodimers. Finally, a gene co-expression network was performed to identify candidate genes of the missing <i>V. minor</i> biosynthetic steps to guide MIA pathway elucidation.
Characterizing acceleration spikes due to stiffness changes in nonlinear systems (2010)

Abstract Recent studies have reported very large accelerations after stiffness changes in nonlinear systems, particularly self‐centering systems. Some have attributed these accelerations to numerical modelling choices and have assumed that they could be eliminated if the modelling were refined. Others have concluded that self‐centering systems generally have much larger peak accelerations than more traditional systems. This paper demonstrates that accelerations at changes in stiffness are caused by physical phenomena but may be amplified by modelling decisions. This is done by examining the response of a two‐degree‐of‐freedom system after a change in stiffness and by developing a closed‐form mathematical model to characterize this response. The equation shows that acceleration spikes should be expected near small masses and near nonlinear springs that are initially nearly rigid, particularly when those springs change from low stiffness to high stiffness while moving at a high velocity. These acceleration spikes depend on system properties that are often not known precisely, so without physical testing, analytical estimates of the accelerations that occur in nonlinear systems after stiffness changes should be treated with skepticism. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia in patients originating in Latin America is associated with an increased frequency of the bcr1 subtype of the PML/RARα fusion gene (2003)

The PML/RARalpha fusion gene in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) has three subtypes based on the breakpoint site of the PML gene: long (bcr1), short (bcr3) and variable (bcr2) subtypes. The PML/RARalpha fusion protein is involved in the pathogenesis of APL and the breakpoint site of the PML gene might be associated with aetiological factor(s). Because APL is over-represented in patients that originate in Latin America (Latinos), we evaluated whether the distribution of the PML/RARalpha fusion mRNA in this population is different to that reported in non-Latinos. Among 52 APL patients (28 from Mexico and Central America diagnosed in Los Angeles and 24 from Peru, South America), bcr1, bcr2 and bcr3 expression was 75%, 10% and 15% respectively. However, bcr1 breakpoints were significantly higher compared with non-Latino patients (340/654, 52%) reported in four studies. Often bcr1 and bcr2 are reported together; 862 (60%) of 1429 non-Latino APL patients reported in nine studies were either bcr1 or bcr2, compared with 44 (85%) in our 52 Latino patients. This difference was also statistically significant when our patients were compared to each of the individual studies from USA and Europe, but not for a small series from China and Japan. These results suggest that the overrepresentation of APL among Latin American patients can be accounted for by an increase of a single subtype--bcr1, and the breakage sites in the PML gene may not be random but possibly influenced by genetic and/or environmental factor(s).
Observation of cold ground-state cesium molecules produced in a magneto-optical trap (1999)

We have observed translationally cold electronic ground-state cesium dimers produced directly in a magneto-optical trap and also by photoassociation of cold atoms in this trap. These neutral molecules were detected using photoionization and time-of-flight spectroscopy. Initial experiments indicated a cold molecular formation rate of about $600{\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1},$ with no photoassociation laser present. The measured translational temperature of the neutral cesium dimers was approximately 100 \ensuremath{\mu}K.
Diagnosis of preeclampsia. (1985)

For the purpose of clinical management, any woman with an acute rise in blood pressure in the latter half of pregnancy must be regarded as having preeclampsia with the possibility of progression to eclampsia. Unfortunately, such diagnoses have been accepted uncritically in the selection of cases for clinical and laboratory studies of preeclampsia, with inevitably erroneous and contradictory conclusions about the disorder. The diagnosis of mild preeclampsia may be correct in roughly one-half of cases, but others may be latent or frank essential hypertension or any of a variety of renal diseases. In selecting cases for research, the diagnostic errors can be greatly reduced by the exclusion of all multiparas and all primigravidas without abundant proteinuria. The primigravidas should have a reliable history of normality or follow-up studies proving it, be aged 25 or less, and have hyperuricemia. The selection of cases for the study of preeclampsia demands far more rigid criteria for diagnosis than does the diagnosis for clinical management.
Efficacy and safety of ralinepag, a novel oral IP agonist, in PAH patients on mono or dual background therapy: results from a phase 2 randomised, parallel group, placebo-controlled trial (2019)

Ralinepag reduced PVR compared with placebo in PAH patients on mono (41%) or dual combination (59%) background therapy.
Mechanisms for initiating cellular DNA replication (2017)

Cellular DNA replication factories depend on ring-shaped hexameric helicases to aid DNA synthesis by processively unzipping the parental DNA helix. Replicative helicases are loaded onto DNA by dedicated initiator, loader, and accessory proteins during the initiation of DNA replication in a tightly regulated, multistep process. We discuss here the molecular choreography of DNA replication initiation across the three domains of life, highlighting similarities and differences in the strategies used to deposit replicative helicases onto DNA and to melt the DNA helix in preparation for replisome assembly. Although initiators and loaders are phylogenetically related, the mechanisms they use for accomplishing similar tasks have diverged considerably and in an unpredictable manner.
<title>Acquisition And Modeling Of Human Body Form Data</title> (1980)

We describe some of our recent work on the computer-assisted acquisition, interaction, manipulation and display of three-dimensional data in general, and the human body form in particular. The work encompasses four distinct areas: 1) the automatic acquisition of 3-D surface points using a light-scanning technique, 2) the automatic construction of mathematical surface descriptions from point-contour data, 3) interaction and manipulation of 3-D data with multiple hand-mounted sensors, and 4) real-time stereo display of computer-synthetized continuous-tone images on special head-mounted display devices. We present some of our preliminary results in each of these areas and outline how they will be combined into a single comprehensive system. This system we expect will significantly enhance the computer&apos;s capabilities to assist in working with complex three-dimensional structures such as human bodies. As a simple example, we expect the system should be able to automatically digitize a human model, and within a few minutes generate a three-space approximating surface conforming to the human model&apos;s surface. Another person, wearing a helmet-like display device, will see through his helmet&apos;s visor not only the human model, but also the computer-generated approximating surface superimposed on it. As this human viewer moves around the model, the computer-generated surface will appear to stay on the model, and he&apos;ll be able to reach out and modify any portion of it or indicate that the digitizing system should rescan parts of the sur-face whose approximation he deems unsatisfactory. Other applications of the system for diagnostic medicine, architecture, and molecular modeling will also be suggested.
The Ankyrin Repeat-containing Adaptor Protein Tvl-1 Is a Novel Substrate and Regulator of Raf-1 (1999)

Tvl-1 is a 269-amino acid ankyrin repeat protein expressed primarily in thymus, lung, and testes that was identified by screening a murine T-cell two-hybrid cDNA library for proteins that associate with the serine-threonine kinase Raf-1. The interaction of Tvl-1 with Raf-1 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation of the two proteins from COS-1 cells transiently transfected with Tvl-1 and Raf-1 expression constructs as well as by co-immunoprecipitation of the endogenous proteins from CV-1 and NB2 cells. Tvl-1 interacts with Raf-1 via its carboxyl-terminal ankyrin repeat domain. The same domain also mediates Tvl-1 homodimerization. Tvl-1 was detected by immunofluorescence in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus suggesting that in addition to Raf-1 it may also interact with nuclear proteins. Activated Raf-1 phosphorylates Tvl-1 both in vitro and in vivo. In baculovirus-infected Sf9 insect cells, Tvl-1 potentiates the activation of Raf-1 by Src and Ras while in COS-1 cells it potentiates the activation of Raf-1 by EGF. These data suggest that Tvl-1 is both a target as well as a regulator of Raf-1. The human homologue of Tvl-1 maps to chromosome 19p12, upstream of MEF2B with the two genes in a head to head arrangement.
Simulation-based assessment of injury risk for an average male motorsport driver (2020)

Beyond injury risk, the study is the first of its kind to provide mechanical loading values likely experienced during motorsports crash incidents with crash pulses developed from real-world data. Given the severity of the crash pulses, the simulated environments reinforce the need for the robust safety environment implemented by NASCAR.
Disposable Filter for Microemboli (1971)

A disposable, autoclavable filter passes blood at high rates of flow without excessive hemolysis. It is constructed of polypropylene, except for the filter mesh which is made of a polyester material with a pore size of about 25μ The mean rise in the plasma hemoglobin level after four hours of recirculation of banked blood at 4 liters/min in a closed circuit in which the filter was employed was 75 mgè100 cc. Studies during cardiopulmonary bypass have shown that much particulate matter can be filtered from the perfusate which otherwise would be returned as emboli to the patient. The filter can reduce or eliminate pulmonary insufficiency which sometimes results from massive transfusion of banked blood during hemorrhagic shock.
Reduction of Contact Resistance on Titanium Sheet Surfaces by Formation of Titanium Carbide and Nitride, and Its Stability in Sulfuric Acid Aqueous Solution (2018)

Separators for solid polymer fuel cells must have a low contact resistance with the carbon paper and stability in a corrosive environment of sulfuric acid in the cell. The titanium surface is highly resistant to corrosion thanks to a passive film but has high contact resistance.
Comparison of Odor Quality in Peel Oils of Acid Citrus. (1992)

香酸柑橘類の果皮精油の香気特性を評価,比較するために,レモン,ライム,スダチ,ユズ,カボスの5種類の果皮精油を溶媒抽出法により分離した. GC及びGC-MSにより,精油成分としてレモン72成分,ライム76成分,スダチ69成分,ユズ71成分,カボス77成分を同定した.また,それぞれ果皮の特徴的香気を持つ含酸素画分の各試料の香気特性をオーダーユニット(Uo)の対数値(log Uo)により評価し,それにより各精油の香気に大きく寄与していると考えられる成分を選出することができた.さらにこれら選ばれた含酸素成分のGC定量値, Uo, log Uoの3つの数量データを用いて多変量解析法により5種類の果皮精油の香気類似性を検討した結果,成分のlog Uoを用いた方法が実際の官能評価の結果と一致していた.
Monocular 3D Head Tracking to Detect Falls of Elderly People (2006)

Faced with the growing population of seniors, Western societies need to think about new technologies to ensure the safety of elderly people at home. Computer vision provides a good solution for healthcare systems because it allows a specific analysis of people behavior. Moreover, a system based on video surveillance is particularly well adapted to detect falls. We present a new method to detect falls using a single camera. Our approach is based on the 3D trajectory of the head, which allows us to distinguish falls from normal activities using 3D velocities.
Data from Identification of Tissue-Specific DNA Methylation Signatures for Thyroid Nodule Diagnostics (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Thyroid cancer is frequently difficult to diagnose due to an overlap of cytologic features between malignant and benign nodules. This overlap leads to unnecessary removal of the thyroid in patients without cancer. While providing some improvement over cytopathologic diagnostics, molecular methods frequently fail to provide a correct diagnosis for thyroid nodules. These approaches are based on the difference between cancer and adjacent thyroid tissue and assume that adjacent tissues are the same as benign nodules. However, in contrast to adjacent tissues, benign thyroid nodules can contain genetic alterations that can be found in cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; For the development of a new molecular diagnostic test for thyroid cancer, we evaluated DNA methylation in 109 thyroid tissues by using genome-wide single-base resolution DNA methylation analysis. The test was validated in a retrospective cohort containing 65 thyroid nodules.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;By conducting reduced representation bisulfite sequencing in 109 thyroid specimens, we found significant differences between adjacent tissue, benign nodules, and cancer. These tissue-specific signatures are strongly linked to active enhancers and cancer-associated genes. Based on these signatures, we developed a new epigenetic approach for thyroid diagnostics. According to the validation cohort, our test has an estimated specificity of 97% [95% confidence interval (CI), 81–100], sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 87–100), positive predictive value of 97% (95% CI, 83–100), and negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI, 86–100).&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;These data show that epigenetic testing can provide outstanding diagnostic accuracy for thyroid nodules.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Mitmaker et al., p. 457&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Distributive Program Parallelization Using a Suggestion Language (2009)

Most computing users today have access to clusters of multi-core computers. To fully utilize a cluster, a programmer must combine two levels of parallelism: shared-memory parallelism within a machine and distributed memory parallelism across machines. Such programming is difficult. Either a user has to mix two programming languages in a single program and use fixed computation and data partitioning between the two, or the user has to rewrite a program from scratch. Even after careful programming, a program may still have hidden concurrency bugs. Users who are accustomed to sequential programming do not find the same level of debugging and performance analysis support especially for a distributed environment. The paper presents a suggestion-based language that enables a user to parallelize a sequential program for distributed execution by inserting hints. The hints are safe against any type of misuse and expressive enough to specify independent, pipelined, and speculative parallel execution on a cluster of multi-core computers.
H.264/AVC video authentication using skipped macroblocks for an erasable watermark (2005)

This paper presents a new watermarking framework, suitable for authentication of H.264 compressed videos. The authentication data is embedded as fragile, blind and erasable watermark with low video quality degradations. Because of using a fragile watermark, hard authentication is possible. In contrast to other approaches, the watermarking is done after the H.264 compression process. Hence, the authentication information can be embedded in already encoded videos. To reconstruct the original H.264 compressed video the watermark can be removed. The framework is based on a new transcoder, which analyses the original H.264 bit stream, computes a watermark, embeds the watermark and generates a new H.264 bit stream. To authenticate the video a hash value is used. This value is encrypted with a private key of an asymmetric cryptosystem. The payload of the watermark consists of the encrypted hash value and a certificate with the public key. Some skipped macroblock of the H.264 video are used to embed the watermark. A special process selects these macroblocks. This process sets the distribution and the number of skipped blocks as well as the number of embedded bits per block to achieve low video quality degradations and low data rate. To embed the watermark the performance of several approaches is discussed and analyzed. The result of the framework is a new watermarked H.264 bit stream. All data necessary for authentication are embedded and cannot get lost.
Copper‐Catalyzed Double S‐Arylation of Potassium Thioacetate with Dibenziodolium Triflates: Facile Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Dibenzothiophenes (2016)

Much interest has been paid to cyclic diaryliodonium salts as bis(electrophile)s in transition‐metal‐catalyzed annulation reactions to produce polycyclic (hetero)aromatic hydrocarbons. Herein, we report that dibenziodolium triflates smoothly react with potassium thioacetate in the presence of CuCl 2 in THF or DMSO at 100–110 °C to afford the corresponding dibenzothiophenes in good‐to‐high yields. The coupling reaction tolerates reactive functional groups such as chloro and cyano and serves as a facile and reliable method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical dibenzothiophenes.
Current-accelerated channel hot carrier stressof MOS transistors (1998)

A channel hot carrier current and the failure rate of n- and p-channel MOS transistors are both increased by one to two orders of magnitude by forward biasing the substrate or source p/n junction. Correlations with the hydrogen-bond-breaking theory give a threshold kinetic energy of 3.06 ± 0.05 eV for interface trap generation by hot carriers.
Partial characterization and purification of a rabbit granulocyte factor that increases permeability of Escherichia coli. (1975)

Recently we reported that rapid killing of Escherichia coli by granulocytes or granulocyte fractions is accompanied by an equally rapid and discrete increase in permeability of the microbial envelope (Beckerdite, Mooney, Weiss, Franson, and Elsbach. 1974. J. Exp. Med. 140: 396-409). Most of this permeability-increasing activity (PI) is found in a crude granule preparation. PI is quantitatively recovered in a 23,000-g supernatant fraction (Sup II) after sulfuric acid extraction of granulocyte homogenates prepared in water. PI is nondialyzable, destroyed by pronase and trypsin, stable at 4degreesC for at least 2 mo, and destroyed by heating at 94degreesC. Anionic substances, such as heparin sulfate and isolated E. coli lipopolysaccharide, bind to and inhibit PI. PI has been purified up to 1,000-fold from homogenate in a yield of 50percent by acid extraction and carboxymethyl-Sephadex chromatography. Such purified fractions have bactericidal activity that equals that of disrupted granulocytes and Sup II, are similarly enriched with respect to granule-associated phospholipase, and protease activities. Whereas E. coli, sensitive to PI, binds or inactivates solubilized PI, a resistant strain of Serratia marcescens does not. Binding of PI to sensitive microorganisms seems to be necessary for expression of its biological activity since both the apparent binding to and the biological effect of PI on E. coli are completely blocked by 10-20 mM Mg2+ or Ca2+. Mg2+ or Ca2+ can reverse the effect on E. coli permeability produced by Sup II or the carboxymethyl-Sephadex fraction but not that produced by granulocyte homogenate. The close association of bactericidal, phospholipase A2, and permeability-increasing activities towards several gram-negative bacterial species suggests that they may be related.