gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Creatinine Clearance in Patients With Metastatic Ovarian Cancer (2000)

The authors evaluated the predictive performance of four methods used to estimate creatinine clearance (Cl(cr)) in patients with metastatic ovarian cancer. Methods described by Cockcroft and Gault, Jelliffe, and two equations derived from cancer patients by Robinson and Tsubaki, were evaluated. Estimated Cl(cr) values obtained by each method using actual weight (ABW), ideal weight (IBW) and lower of ABW and IBW were compared with measured values determined by a 12- or 24-hour urine collection for 14 patients enrolled in a controlled clinical trial. The mean prediction errors (ME) and mean absolute errors (MAE) were calculated to evaluate the bias and precision, respectively, of each method. The relationship between predicted and measured Cl(cr) is poor (r = 0.38 to 0.54). Cockcroft and Gault using ABW (p = 0.21), Robinson using ABW (p = 0.44), and Jelliffe (p = 0.17) were equally unbiased predictors of measured Cl(cr). All other methods significantly underestimated measured Cl(cr). All methods appeared to be equally imprecise (p<0.05). The use of standard equations for estimating Cl(cr) in patients with ovarian cancer is predictive of the measured 24-hour value. The use of oncology specific equations does not improve the accuracy or precision of these estimates.
Power/performance optimization in FPGA-based asymmetric multi-core systems (2012)

In embedded systems, energy efficiency is the new fundamental performance limiter. Considering that, many techniques were applied at different development levels, such as co-design, compilers, schedulers, run-time management, and applications. The fusion of techniques from different levels has also been exploited to increase the optimization opportunities. In this paper, we present a work in progress tool to exploit power/performance optimization techniques in FPGA-based asymmetric multi-core systems. The tool performs optimizations in two phases: compilation and execution. In compilation, are generated from a compiler the hardware and software configurations of a multi-core architecture based on LEON3 processor. During execution, information about application properties, available hardware resources, and system behavior is used to do thread scheduling, clock gating, and dynamic frequency scaling (DFS).
Test Data Modeling and Implementation with Enhanced Accuracy for the Diagnosis of a DUT provided with Real-World Failure Models (2018)

We present our data modeling and implementation for testing a device of elementary digital as well as analog functions provided with real-world failure models as a jumper construction. A modeled open circuit failure is done by unplugging the (normally plugged) respective jumper, and analogously a modeled short circuit failure is done by plugging the (normally unplugged) respective jumper. The DUT is supplied by a current limited voltage power supply. The programmable current limitation activates the overcurrent relay to protect the device in case of short circuit failure. The ATE resources for stimuli, measure and test evaluation are provided by an adequate uC-Board with programmable analog-to-digital io-channels. The test automation is implemented by the firmware of the uC, which corresponds to the test program of a conventional ATE including the pin-mapping, the test function library and the test flow (schedule). With this in mind, we are speaking about the Micro-ATR (uATR). Within the use case above, we discuss the challenge for localization of the so called dominated (dominent) faults, which are not detectable uniquely due to the dominating faults within the scope of the stuck-at failure modeling. At this case the testing accuracy has to be enhanced. We solve this problem definition by deploying external current sources to provide additional stimuli at the given test points. Our approach results in the overall data modeling, which covers the test tree, the test flow, and the diagnose flow for fault localization.
312. Further investigations in the butenyl–boron trichloride system (1957)

W. Gerrard, M. F. Lappert and H. B. Silver, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 1647 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570001647
$\mu$RAI: Securing Embedded Systems with Return Address Integrity (2020)

Embedded systems are deployed in security critical environments and have become a prominent target for remote attacks. Microcontroller-based systems (MCUS) are particularly vulnerable due to a combination of limited resources and low level programming which leads to bugs. Since MCUS are often a part of larger systems, vulnerabilities may jeopardize not just the security of the device itself but that of other systems as well. For example, exploiting a WiFi System on Chip (SoC) allows an attacker to hijack the smart phone's application processor.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A transcriptome-wide atlas of RNP composition reveals diverse classes of mRNAs and lncRNAs. (2014)

Eukaryotic genomes generate a heterogeneous ensemble of mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs and mRNAs are both transcribed by Pol II and acquire 5' caps and poly(A) tails, but only mRNAs are translated into proteins. To address how these classes are distinguished, we identified the transcriptome-wide targets of 13 RNA processing, export, and turnover factors in budding yeast. Comparing the maturation pathways of mRNAs and lncRNAs revealed that transcript fate is largely determined during 3' end formation. Most lncRNAs are targeted for nuclear RNA surveillance, but a subset with 3' cleavage and polyadenylation features resembling the mRNA consensus can be exported to the cytoplasm. The Hrp1 and Nab2 proteins act at this decision point, with dual roles in mRNA cleavage/polyadenylation and lncRNA surveillance. Our data also reveal the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of mRNA maturation, and highlight a subset of "lncRNA-like" mRNAs regulated by the nuclear surveillance machinery. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 23993093 Funding information This work was supported by: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom Grant ID: 092076 Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom Grant ID: 086587 Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom Grant ID: 077248
Adsorption of Bisphenol A from Water-Ethanol Mixtures on Pulverized Activated Carbon (2013)

Abstract The effect of ethanol concentration on the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from water-ethanol mixtures using pulverized activated carbon (PAC) was studied. Adsorption equilibria and kinetics were measured using batch uptake experiments. Equilibrium and kinetic data were correlated with the Langmuir model and the non-ideal competitive adsorption (NICA) model. Finally, BPA removal in an adsorption-microfiltration hybrid system was tested and simulated with a non-steady model. Ethanol has a strong influence on the binding capacity of BPA on PAC and the uptake from 10 mol/L (50.4 wt-%) aqueous ethanol is less than 10% of the value measured in water. The experimental adsorption isotherms were modeled using several isotherm models and by considering the effect of ethanol on solution activity coefficients. The best correlation was obtained with the NICA model assuming that part of the binding sites is inaccessible for BPA. The BPA adsorption rate was described using a pore diffusion model and reasonably good correlation with the experimental data was obtained provided that changes in solution viscosity were taken into account. Moreover, the estimated equilibrium and mass transport parameters describe reasonably well the removal of BPA in the adsorption-microfiltration hybrid system from water-ethanol mixtures. Keywords: Activated carbonethanolAdsorptionkineticsAdsorption-microfiltration hybrid systemBisphenol A
Weight-controlled nonlinear successive interference cancellation method for DS-CDMA systems (2005)

Optimal multiuser detection is a 0-1 quadratic optimization problem with binary constraints that demands a search of the whole signal space to achieve an optimal solution. In the presence of such hardship, some soft interference schemes based on Gaussian-Seidel and Jacobi algorithms have been developed to achieve a sub-optimum solution of the original problem. The paper presents a novel constrained successive overrelaxation algorithm for the original optimum multiuser detection problem, which corresponds to a near-optimum weight-controlled nonlinear parallel interference cancellation scheme for DS-CDMA systems. The proposed scheme converges much faster than the Gaussian-Seidel method and the Jacobi method without significantly increasing the complexity. The proposed method can achieve better performance than the conventional linear minimum mean squared error multiuser detection method within a few iterations.
Pediatric lung transplantation (2014)

Lung transplantation is a worthwhile treatment option to consider in children with end-stage lung disease. The treatment is complex, but lung transplant provides substantial survival benefit and markedly improved quality of life for children and their families. This timely review provides comprehensive information for pediatricians who are considering options for treatment of children with end-stage lung disease.
Probing miscibility and intermolecular interactions in solid polymer blends using the nuclear Overhauser effect (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProbing miscibility and intermolecular interactions in solid polymer blends using the nuclear Overhauser effectJeffery L. White and Peter MirauCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 12, 3049–3054Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00064a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (677 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Review of Blood Substitutes: Examining The History, Clinical Trial Results, and Ethics of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers (2009)

The complications associated with acquiring and storing whole blood for transfusions have launched substantial efforts to develop a blood substitute. The history of these efforts involves a complicated mixture of science, ethics, and business. This review focuses on clinical trials of the three hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) that have progressed to Phase II or III clinical trials: He-mAssist (Baxter; Deerfield, IL, US), PolyHeme (Northfield; Evanston, IL, US), and Hemopure (Biopure; Cambridge, MA, US). Published animal studies and clinical trials carried out in a perioperative setting have demonstrated that these products successfully transport and deliver oxygen, but all may induce hypertension and lead to unexpectedly low cardiac outputs. Overall, these studies suggest that HBOCs resulted in only modest blood saving during and after surgery, no improvement in mortality and an increased incidence of adverse reactions. To date, the results from these perioperative studies have not led to regulatory approval. All three companies instead chose to focus their efforts on large trials of trauma patients in the pre-hospital setting.Baxter abandoned the development of HemAssist after a trial in the U.S. was prematurely halted when the first 100 patients showed significantly increased mortality rates as compared to patients treated with blood products. Northfield's PolyHeme trial demonstrated a non-significant trend towards increased mortality and a very modest reduction in the subsequent need for blood. The testing of Biopure's Hemopure for trauma patients has been halted for several years because of FDA concerns over trial design and study justification. Ethical concerns have also been raised regarding the design and implementation of all HBOC clinical trials.Thus, the available evidence suggests that HemAssist, Polyheme, and Hemopure are associated with a significant level of cardiovascular dysfunction. The next generation of HBOCs remains under development.
Selective monosulfoxidation of tetrathiafulvalenes into chiral TTF‐sulfoxides (2009)

Four inner tetrathiafulvalene-sulfoxides have been synthesized upon reaction of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), tetramethyl-tetrathiafulvalene (TMTTF), tetrakis (thiomethyl)-tetrathiafulvalene (TMT-TTF), and bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) with enantiopure (+) or (-)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorylsulfonyl)-oxaziridine as oxidizing agent. Chiral HPLC studies indicate very weak enantioselectivities for TTF-SO 3 and TMTTF-SO 4, formation of racemic mixture in the case of TMT-TTF-SO 5, and a rather good selectivity, up to 44% ee, in the case of BEDT-TTF-SO 1. The solid state structures of TMTTF-SO 4 and TMT-TTF-SO 5 have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both compounds crystallize as racemates in the centrosymmetric triclinic space group P-1. Theoretical calculations at DFT/B3LYP/6-31+G* level afford optimized geometries in good accordance with the experimental structures and emphasize the participation of the chiral sulfoxide group in HOMO and LUMO. Time-dependent DFT calculations corroborated with electronic circular dichroism spectra allow the assignment of the absolute configuration (R) for the major enantiomer of 1 when the (+)-sulfonyl-oxaziridine is used as oxygen transfer reagent. Preliminary semipreparative HPLC separation provided enantioenriched fractions up to 63% ee.
Trehalose Phosphate Synthesis from Uridine Diphosphate Glucose or Guanosine Diphosphate Glucose (1969)

Abstract Cell-free extracts of a number of mycobacteria catalyzed the synthesis of trehalose phosphate from either uridine diphosphate-d-glucose or guanosine diphosphate-d-glucose and glucose 6-phosphate. A cell-free extract of Mycobacterium smegmatis was separated into two fractions by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. Fraction 1 catalyzed trehalose synthesis from GDP-glucose but was relatively inactive with UDP-glucose. However, when Fraction 2 was added to Fraction 1, UDP-glucose was able to serve as an effective glucosyl donor for trehalose synthesis. Under these conditions, GDP-glucose was still active, but less so than with Fraction 1 alone. Fraction 2 had no detectable enzymatic activity and had the following properties. (a) It was heat-stable and gave a typical RNA ultraviolet absorption spectrum, (b) it was orcinol-positive and diphenylamine-negative, and was inactivated by incubation with RNase, (c) it was retained on a 50,000 molecular weight filter but passed through a 100,000 filter. Fraction 2 could be replaced by crude α-lactalbumin but not by purified lactalbumin, lysozyme, serum albumin, or a number of other proteins. The active component of crude lactalbumin, isolated by phenol extraction, was found to be susceptible to RNase. Although Fraction 2 was quite active in causing UDP-glucose utilization, it could be replaced to a greater or lesser extent by polyuridylic acid, the RNA fraction of α-lactalbumin, or the RNA fraction of M. smegmatis. The activity of each of these was destroyed by treatment with RNase. Purified yeast RNA, yeast transfer RNA, polyadenylic acid, UTP and UMP were all inactive or only slightly active when tested at various concentrations. UDP was somewhat active at high concentrations, apparently because of polynucleotide phosphorylase. The dephosphorylated products formed from either UDP-glucose-14C and Fractions 1 and 2, or GDP-glucose-14C and Fraction 1 were identified as α,α-trehalose since they were stable to alkali, had the same chromatographic mobility as trehalose in several solvents, were hydrolyzed to glucose by a specific trehalase, and their octaacetate derivatives cocrystallized to constant specific activity with authentic α,α-trehalose octaacetate.
The effect of wind direction on the index of diversity of night flying Lepidoptera in a particular area (1968)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
HeatWave (2011)

We present HeatWave, a system that uses digital thermal imaging cameras to detect, track, and support user interaction on arbitrary surfaces. Thermal sensing has had limited examination in the HCI research community and is generally under-explored outside of law enforcement and energy auditing applications. We examine the role of thermal imaging as a new sensing solution for enhancing user surface interaction. In particular, we demonstrate how thermal imaging in combination with existing computer vision techniques can make segmentation and detection of routine interaction techniques possible in real-time, and can be used to complement or simplify algorithms for traditional RGB and depth cameras. Example interactions include (1) distinguishing hovering above a surface from touch events, (2) shape-based gestures similar to ink strokes, (3) pressure based gestures, and (4) multi-finger gestures. We close by discussing the practicality of thermal sensing for naturalistic user interaction and opportunities for future work.
Effects of prosodic factors on spectral dynamics. I. Analysis (2002)

In Paper I [J. Wouters and M. Macon, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 111, 417-427 (2002)], the effects of prosodic factors on the spectral rate of change of phoneme transitions were analyzed for a balanced speech corpus. The results showed that the spectral rate of change, defined as the root-mean-square of the first three formant slopes, increased with linguistic prominence, i.e., in stressed syllables, in accented words, in sentence-medial words, and in clearly articulated speech. In the present paper, an initial approach is described to integrate the results of Paper I in a concatenative synthesis framework. The target spectral rate of change of acoustic units is predicted based on the prosodic structure of utterances to be synthesized. Then, the spectral shape of the acoustic units is modified according to the predicted spectral rate of change. Experiments show that the proposed approach provides control over the degree of articulation of acoustic units, and improves the naturalness and intelligibility of concatenated speech in comparison to standard concatenation methods.
Cavity-enhanced high-harmonic generation at 250 MHz (2016)

We demonstrate a power improvement of two orders of magnitude to the nW-level for multi-MHz-repetition-rate high-harmonic generation in the 100-eV range, driven in an enhancement cavity by 30-fs, 10-kW average-power pulses at a repetition rate of 250 MHz.
FontRL: Chinese Font Synthesis via Deep Reinforcement Learning (2021)

Automatic generation of Chinese fonts is a valuable but challenging task in areas of AI and Computer Graphics, mainly due to the huge amount of Chinese characters and their complex glyph structures. In this paper, we propose FontRL, a novel method for Chinese font synthesis by using deep reinforcement learning. Specifically, we first train a deep reinforcement learning model to obtain the Thin-Plate Spline (TPS) transformation that is able to modify the reference stroke skeleton in a mean font style into the skeleton of a required style for each stroke of every unseen Chinese character. Afterwards, we utilize a CNN model to predict the location and scale information of these strokes, and then assemble them to get the skeleton of the corresponding character. Finally, we convert each synthesized character skeleton into the glyph image via an image-to-image translation model. Both quantitative and qualitative experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed FontRL compared to the state of the art. Our code is available at https://github.com/lsflyt-pku/FontRL.
Dissociation of hypolipidemic and antiplatelet actions from adverse myotonic effects of clofibric acid related enantiomers (1987)

Enantiostructure-activity studies of chlorophenoxybutyric and propionic acids have provided evidence for the dissociation of serum cholesterol lowering and platelet antiaggregatory activities from the adverse chloride ion channel mediated myotonic effects of these compounds. R-(+) propionic and butyric acid enantiomers, unlike achiral clofibric acid and the S-(-) isomers, did not inhibit chloride conductance in rat extensor digitorum longus muscle fibers in vitro but, like clofibric acid and the S-(-) isomers, retained the serum cholesterol lowering activity in a cholesterol-fed rat model. Additionally, a stereoselective and greater inhibition was observed for the R-(+) isomers against adenosine diphosphate and arachidonic acid induced human platelet aggregation.
Resveratrol, a red wine antioxidant, possesses an insulin-like effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (2006)

Aberrant energy metabolism is one characteristic of diabetes mellitus (DM). Two types of DM have been identified, type 1 and type 2. Most of type 2 DM patients eventually become insulin dependent because insulin secretion by the islets of Langerhans becomes exhausted. In the present study, we show that resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxylstilbene) possesses hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in streptozotocin-induced DM (STZ-DM) rats. In resveratrol-treated STZ-DM rats, the plasma glucose concentration on day 14 was reduced by 25.3 +/- 4.2%, and the triglyceride concentration was reduced by 50.2 +/- 3.2% compared with the vehicle-treated rats. In STZ-nicotinamide DM rats, the plasma glucose concentration on day 14 was reduced by 20.3 +/- 4.2%, and the triglyceride concentration was reduced by 33.3 +/- 2.2% compared with the vehicle-treated rats. Resveratrol administration ameliorates common DM symptoms, such as body weight loss, polyphagia, and polydipsia. In STZ-nicotinamide DM rats, resveratrol administration significantly decreased insulin secretion and delayed the onset of insulin resistance. Further studies showed that glucose uptake by hepatocytes, adipocytes, and skeletal muscle and hepatic glycogen synthesis were all stimulated by resveratrol treatment. Because the stimulation of glucose uptake was not attenuated in the presence of an optimal amount of insulin in insulin-responsive cells, the antihyperglycemic effect of resveratrol appeared to act through a mechanism(s) different from that of insulin.