gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pancreatoscopy‐directed Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy in a Pediatric Patient With Pancreas Divisum and Cystic Fibrosis (2019)

Chronic pancreatitis is rare in children and characterized by inflammation that can progress to various structural changes and endocrine and/or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (1). Pancreas divisum is a potential risk factor for chronic pancreatitis in children irrespective of genetic predisposition (2). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is commonly used in the treatment of ductal obstruction in patients with pancreas divisum and/or chronic pancreatitis (2,3). A 15-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis, pancreas divisum, and chronic pancreatitis with multiple prior ERCPs, presented with intermittent abdominal pain. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography demonstrated a round 8 mm filling defect consistent with a calculus in the dorsal pancreatic duct of the pancreatic head, which drained into the minor papilla. Wire-guided cannulation was difficult because of stone impaction. Digital pancreatoscopy was, therefore, performed to achieve direct visualization of the stone for electrohydraulic lithotripsy. The stone was fragmented into smaller pieces to facilitate stone passage. A stent was then placed in the dorsal pancreatic duct for further fragmentation of stones and drainage. Therapeutic ERCP can be utilized to address the various sequelae associated with chronic pancreatitis in children. Further research is ongoing with respect to evaluating clinical outcomes of these patients after endoscopic intervention. Video, Supplemental Digital Content, https://links.lww.com/MPG/B630.
NITROSCANATE* A NEW BROAD SPECTRUM ANTHELMINTIC AGAINST NEMATODES AND CESTODES OF DOGS AND CATS (1979)

SUMMARY: The efficiency of the broad spectrum anthelmintic nitroscanate against tapeworm and nematode infections of dogs was tested in artificially or naturally infected dogs. The safety of the compound was also evaluated in acute, subacute and chronic toxicity tests. At the recommended single dose rate of 50 mg/kg given to the dogs with food, nitroscanate was 98% efficient against Taenia hydatigena, T. ovis and T. pisiformis . The drug was highly efficient against Echinococcus granulosus only at the dose rate of 200 mg/kg given twice but total elimination of worms was not achieved. Natural infections of Dipylidium caninum, Ancylostoma spp and Uncinaria stenocephala were totally eliminated from all dogs at the dose rate of 25 mg/kg or higher. Nitroscanate was 97% efficient against adult Toxocara canis at a single dose of 50 mg/kg. When the dose was repeated 24 hours later total elimination of both mature worms and immature worms in puppies aged 2 weeks was achieved. The repeated dose of 100 mg/kg removed 98% of early immature worms from puppies aged 3 days. The drug was 100% efficient against adult Toxascaris leonina at a single dose of 50 mg/kg and 90.5% efficiency was achieved against early 4th stage larvae by two doses of 50 mg/kg. Nitroscanate was not efficient against Trichuris vulpis . The drug was efficient for the removal of Toxocara cati and Ancylostoma tubaeforme from cats. Nitroscanate caused no serious symptoms of toxicity at dose rates up to 10,000 mg/kg in single or repeated doses in young or older adult dogs. The drug was safely given to dogs during pregnancy, to young puppies and to cats. The regular use of nitroscanate as a broad spectrum anthelmintic for the prevention and control of parasitic infections of dogs is discussed.
Absorption and metabolism of cyanidin 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside in rats (1999)

We have clarified for the first time how cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside (C3G), which is a potent antioxidant anthocyanin, is absorbed and metabolized in vivo. Rats were orally administered C3G (0.9 mmol/kg body weight), and C3G rapidly appeared in the plasma. However, the aglycon of C3G (cyanidin; Cy) was not detected, although it was present in the jejunum. Protocatechuic acid (PC), which may be produced by degradation of Cy, was present in the plasma and the concentration was 8-fold higher than that of C3G. These results suggest that plasma PC and C3G may contribute to the antioxidant activity of the plasma. In the liver and kidney, C3G was metabolized to methylated C3G (methyl-C3G), suggesting that C3G and/or methyl-C3G act as antioxidants in the tissues.
NONLINEAR PHASE CORRECTION OF INTERFEROGRAMS OBTAINED IN FOURIER SPECTROSCOPY. (1965)

Abstract : A review of the theory and techniques of Fourier Spectroscopy is given, and the present state-of-the-art of reducing data obtained by this means is discussed. Certain inherent problems are present in today's methods of reducing the data obtained by Fourier Spectroscopy techniques, the so-called interferogram. They are: (1) In the case of a symmetric interferogram where digital recording is used, the point corresponding to zero path difference may not be recorded. A simple cosine transform of this data leads to incorrect results. (2) In the case of improper compensation of an interferometer, asymmetric interferograms result. The method of reducing these is to pick an approximate center, take a sine and cosine transform about it, and compute the spectrum as the square root of the sum of the squares of the sine and cosine transform respectively. There are two disadvantages to this type of reduction, namely that one requires twice as many points to obtain the same resolution as in the symmetric case, and that the process is non linear with respect to signal-to-noise ratio in the spectrum. A method is proposed which eliminates the above problems, and yields spectral values that are accurate to within one to three percent. It is based on the fact that there is a fixed function of the interferometer, the so-called phase error, and by making suitable use of it, one can obtain a secondary interferogram from the original interferogram which is symmetric about an effective zero path difference, hence only a cosine transform is required. (Author)
Phthiocerol B, a constituent of the lipids of tubercle bacilli (1965)

D. E. Minnikin and N. Polgar, Chem. Commun. (London), 1965, 495 DOI: 10.1039/C19650000495
Reservoir Modeling Using Scale Dependent Data (1997)

Abstract A reservoir description incorporating the precision and scale of all available data (geological, petrophysical, seismic, tracer and well test data) is critical for reservoir modeling. The heterogeneous variables sampled by these data are composed of several superimposed random functions, each characterized by a unique spatial and temporal scale or support. For example, core, well log, well test and seismic data have supports ranging from inches to thousands of feet. Current geostatistical methods map lithofacies, porosity, and permeability on a network of grid nodes called the geologic modeling cells. Pseudo point properties that assimilate information from all available data are modeled onto model cells using one of several available conditional simulation techniques. Some methods attempt to combine data with varying support and data with multiple scale support through simple correlations. For example, one approach to incorporate geophysical data is to use a direct transform of the seismic signal to rock properties through a linear regression or crossplot. Reservoir models built using such linear correlations tend to be case specific with little generality. This paper presents a method for identifying the impact of multi-scale data (data that measure average property over multiple flow units) on reservoir modeling. It examines the information about the reservoir system each data type carries. For example, what fraction of core scale variability is captured by well log data. We also present a consistent method for integrating multi-scale data. Through a series of numerical simulations, we show the impact of heterogeneity of reservoir properties on the fluid flow performance. Introduction Reservoir modeling is a systematic approach to estimate constitutive properties based on a few experimental observations. In other words, it is an algorithm that produces multi-dimensional distribution of rock properties forming a prototype of the actual reservoir. The main goal is to impose the same boundary conditions as in the reservoir and obtain actual responses. The benefits are that once an appropriate model is formed it can be examined for a variety of boundary conditions.
Immunochemical LD1Assay for Myocardial Infarction (1981)

The diagnostic efficiency of an immunochemical assay for LD1 (I-LD1) was compared with an electrophoretic procedure for this isoenzyme (E-LD1) in 100 consecutive patients hospitalized for a clinical suspicion of acute myocardial infarction (MI). All patients were investigated with a standard protocol including serial determinations of total creatine kinase (CK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LD) activities, CK and LD isoenzymes, and electrocardiograms. Thirty-two patients were diagnosed to have acute MI on the bases of positive CK-MB or EKG or both. The coefficients of variation for the intraassay and interassay precision of I-LD1 assay ranged from 3.12% to 7.69%. Direct correlation between the I-LD1 and E-LD1 was very satisfactory (r = .961; P = less than .001). When the results of these two procedures were compared in terms of decision values for acute MI, there was agreement between them in 87 patients. At the cut-off point of 90 U/L, I-LD1 assay was 100% sensitive and 89% specific for acute MI; the corresponding figures for E-LD1 were 81% and 91%, respectively. The diagnostic efficiencies of the I-LD1 and E-LD1 procedures were 93% and 88%, respectively. A substantial saving in technologist time with the I-LD1 assay over the E-LD1 procedure was documented in this study.
Effects of Thermal Pretreatment on Coarsening of Nominally Monodispersed Titania (1988)

The coarsening of nominally nwnodisperscd, ∼0.35‐μm‐diameter titania powders produced by controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetraethoxide was studied. Thermal treatments prior to coarsening experiments had a minimal effect on the apparent particle size distribution, but significantly modified the coarsening behavior and microstructural characteristics. Explanations attributing these differences to the effects of preannealing on the microstructure (grain size and phase composition) within particles are proposed.
B‐cell‐activating factor expressions in salivary epithelial cells after dsRNA virus infection depends on RNA‐activated protein kinase activation (2009)

B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) plays a key role in promoting activation of autoimmune B cells. This cytokine may be expressed in and secreted by salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) after stimulation with type I IFN or viral or synthetic dsRNA. Because this BAFF expression depends only in part on endosomal TLR and type I IFN, we investigated whether other dsRNA sensors could be implicated in BAFF expression. Using human SGEC, we confirmed the partial dependence of BAFF expression on TLR-3 by replicating the partial inhibition of BAFF expression observed upon endosomal inhibition using TLR-3 or Toll/IL-1R domain-containing protein inducing IFN-beta silencing mRNA, but not with TLR-7 silencing mRNA. Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 silencing mRNA had no effect on BAFF expression, but retinoic acid-inducible gene I silencing mRNA had a slight effect observed following infection with dsRNA reovirus-1. Inhibition of RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) by 2-aminopurine completely abolished both BAFF mRNA and protein production after reovirus-1 infection and poly(I:C) stimulation through NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK pathways, with the latter implicated only after poly(I:C) stimulation. Thus, PKR is the dsRNA sensor implicated in BAFF induction in SGEC after dsRNA stimulation. In autoimmune diseases, PKR may be an interesting target for preventing BAFF following the induction of innate immunity.
A comparative study of high-dose hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and transarterial chemoembolization using doxorubicin for intractable, advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2010)

High-dose HAIC appears to improve the tumor response and survival outcome compared to conventional TACE using doxorubicin in patients with intractable, advanced HCC.
Improving Lecitase properties via chemical or physical modifications (2014)

Trabajo presentado en el 7th International Congress on Biocatalysis, celebrado en Hamburgo (Alemania) del 31 de agosto al 04 de septiembre de 2014.
A multi-degree-of-freedom micromirror utilizing inverted-series-connected bimorph actuators (2006)

An ove lm ulti-degree-of-freedom electrothermal micromirror design that uses thermal inverted-series-connected (ISC) bimorph actuators is presented. The ISC bimorph actuators eliminate problems observed in previous designs that use single bimorph actuators. The micromirror can operate in one-dimensional (1D) piston-mode and two-dimensional (2D) tilt-mode. Analytical models for the piston-mode and tilt-mode actuations are shown and are compared to FEM simulation results. The device was fabricated using the AMI 1.5 µ mC MOS (complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor) process followed by a post-CMOS micromachining process for device release. The displacement versus temperature of the micromirror was measured experimentally over a range of temperatures and compared to analytical and FEM simulation results .E xperimental results showed that the micromirror displaced by 56 µ ma t an applied temperature 150 ◦ C. The integrated polysilicon heaters were open-circuited during the post-CMOS microfabrication. The failure was caused by pinholes in the metal layers that allowed etchants to attack the polysilicon layer during post-CMOS microfabrication.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Spin Crossover Linear Trinuclear Complex [Fe3(furtrz)6(ptol)2(MeOH)4]·4(ptol)·4(MeOH) (furtrz: furanylidene-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine ptol: p-tolylsulfonate) (2016)

The furan-functionalised 1,2,4-triazole ligand furanylidene-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine (furtrz) has been incorporated into the trinuclear complex Fe3(furtrz)6(ptol)2(MeOH)4]·4(ptol)·4(MeOH) (ptol = p-tolylsulfonate) composed of μ1,2-triazole bridges between iron(II) sites, as per one-dimensional chain materials, and terminally coordinated ptol anions and methanol molecules. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal a gradual single-step spin crossover (SCO) behavior of one third of the iron(II) sites per trinuclear unit. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction below the transition (90 K) shows the central iron(II) sites undergo a HS to LS transition and the peripheral ones remain HS (HS = high spin; LS = low spin). This is a rare example of a cationic trinuclear SCO material where the discrete unit includes bound anions.
Use of a Silk Fibroin-Chitosan Scaffold to Construct a Tissue-Engineered Corneal Stroma (2013)

A SFCS scaffold might be a suitable blend for corneal tissue engineering.
Characterisation of a nanostepper driven optical shutter for application in free-space microoptics (2004)

A vertically self-assembled, fibre optic variable optical attenuator (VOA) incorporating a microshutter placed between the end faces of two closely spaced optical fibres is reported. The position of the microshutter with respect to the optical fibre end face was controlled by a nanostepping MEMS motor that was composed of a microactuator array and microsprings. Optical and mechanical tests were performed on the device. It was found that it is possible to obtain a 45 dB dynamic range with an attenuation time of 36 ms. A model of the microshutter was constructed as a plane plate structure with evenly distributed etch holes that are artefacts of the manufacturing process. Geometric and diffraction image analyses were performed and the attenuation characteristic of the system was assessed. It is thus shown that using commercially accessible foundries it is possible to fabricate a high precision VOA for free-space microoptics applications.
Frequency domain DSP based channel spacing monitor in denser Nyquist-WDM system (2015)

An accurate and robust channel spacing monitor is proposed for denser Nyquist-WDM system. Based on low speed processing at the receiver, less than ± 150MHz estimation error is experimentally guaranteed and the robustness of the method is investigated.
Jigsaw (2015)

Modern digital film production uses large quantities of data captured on-set, such as videos, digital photographs, LIDAR scans, spherical photography and many other sources to create the final film frames. The processing and management of this massive amount of heterogeneous data consumes enormous resources. We propose an integrated pipeline for 2D/3D data registration aimed at film production, based around the prototype application Jigsaw. It allows users to efficiently manage and process various data types from digital photographs to 3D point clouds. A key step in the use of multi-modal 2D/3D data for content production is the registration into a common coordinate frame (match moving). 3D geometric information is reconstructed from 2D data and registered to the reference 3D models using 3D feature matching [Kim and Hilton 2014]. We present several highly efficient and robust approaches to this problem. Additionally, we have developed and integrated a fast algorithm for incremental marginal covariance calculation [Ila et al. 2015]. This allows us to estimate and visualize the 3D reconstruction error directly on-set, where insufficient coverage or other problems can be addressed right away. We describe the fast hybrid multi-core and GPU accelerated techniques that let us run these algorithms on a laptop. Jigsaw has been used and evaluated in several major digital film productions and significantly reduced the time and work required to manage and process on-set data.
Loss Analysis of Permanent Magnet Motors with Concentrated Windings - Variation of Magnet Eddy Current Loss Due to Stator and Rotor Shapes (2008)

In this paper, we investigate losses including magnet eddy current loss of permanent magnet synchronous motors with concentrated windings. The 3-D finite element method considering the carrier harmonics of PWM inverters is utilized to calculate the losses in each part of the motor separately. A simple linear magnetic circuit modeling is also introduced to understand the mechanism of the magnet eddy current loss generation. First, the measured and calculated results are compared to verify the validity of the analysis. Next, the variation of the losses due to the stator and rotor shapes are investigated, for instance, concentrated and distributed stator windings, interior and surface mounted permanent magnets. It is clarified that the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet in the concentrated winding motor is much larger than the distributed winding motor. The difference of the loss generation mechanism due to the rotor shape is also clarified.
Immortalized keratinocytes from Epidermolytic Ichthyosis-patients reproduce the disease phenotype in vitro (2010)

Immortalized keratinocytes from Epidermolytic Ichthyosis-patients reproduce the disease phenotype in vitro
Investigation of training sample selection methods for object classification in sonar imagery (2017)

For Sonar Automatic Target Recognition problems, the number of mine-like objects is relatively small compared to the number non-mine-like objects available. This creates a heavy bias towards non-mine-like objects and increases the processing resources needed for classifier training. In order to reduce resource needs and the bias towards non-mine-like objects, we investigate selection methods for reducing the non-mine-like target samples while still maintaining as much of the original training information as possible. Specifically, we investigate methods for reducing sample size and bias while maintaining good classifier performance. Several methods are considered during this investigation that cover a wide range of techniques, including clustering and evolutionary algorithms. Each method is evaluated based on the classifier performance when trained on the chosen data samples and the execution time to select the new training set. Results on each method tested are presented using sonar data collected using a sidescan sonar system.
Poly 2'-O-ethylcytidylate, an inhibitor and poor template for AMV reverse transcriptase (1976)

Poly(2′-O-ethylcytidylate) is a poor template-primer for purified avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase; the relative activities of the template-primers poly(C)·oligo(dG), poly(Cm)·oligo(dG) are poly(Ce)·oligo(dG) are 23:16:1. A mixture of poly(Ce) and poly(dI) is inactive as template-primer, in agreement with the observed inability of these to form a helical complex. By contrast the inactivity of poly(Ce)·poly(I) is shown to be due to the influence of the 2′-O-ethyl residue. Poly(Ce) inhibits poly(A)·oligo(dT)-directed polymerase activity, with K i = 3 μM, but marked inhibition with poly(A)·poly(dT) occurs only at low concentrations of the latter. Poly(Ce) did not inhibit template-primer activity of poly(c)·poly(dI) and poly(dC)·poly(dI). Qualitative physico-chemical studies show only partial complex formation between oligo(dG) and poly(c) and its 2′-O-alkyl analogues. This is discussed in relation to the widespread use of poly(c)·oligo(dG) as a template-primer for reverse transcriptase.
An isotope heat source integrated with a 7 kW/e/ to 25 kW/e/ Brayton cycle space power supply. (1972)

The power system described is intended for applications in a manned space mission. The Isotope Reentry Vehicle (IRV) developed is considered together with the Heat Source (HS), the Heat Source Heat Exchanger and the Brayton Cycle Power Conversion Module. Other subjects discussed include the IRV/Brayton cycle spacecraft integration concept, abort and deorbit mechanization, emergency cooling methods, and crew shielding requirements. Mounting and integration for the IRV is to a large degree controlled by nuclear safety requirements. Another major factor in the installation concept is the type of emergency cooling or passive heat dump mode used in rejection of HS energy.
The Packet Vault: Secure Storage of Network Data (1999)

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Boundary lubrication by adsorption film (2015)

Abstract A complete understanding of the mechanism of boundary lubrication is a goal that scientists have been striving to achieve over the past century. Although this complicated process has been far from fully revealed, a general picture and its influencing factors have been elucidated, not only at the macroscopic scale but also at the nanoscale, which is sufficiently clear to provide effective instructions for a lubrication design in engineering and even to efficiently control the boundary lubrication properties. Herein, we provide a review on the main advances, especially the breakthroughs in uncovering the mysterious but useful process of boundary lubrication by adsorption film. Despite the existence of an enormous amount of knowledge, albeit unsystematic, acquired in this area, in the present review, an effort was made to clarify the mainline of leading perspectives and methodologies in revealing the fundamental problems inherent to boundary lubrication. The main content of this review includes the formation of boundary film, the effects of boundary film on the adhesion and friction of rough surfaces, the behavior of adsorption film in boundary lubrication, boundary lubrication at the nanoscale, and the active control of boundary lubrication, generally sequenced based on the real history of our understanding of this process over the past century, incorporated by related modern concepts and prospects.