gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sodium channels and pain (dorsal root ganglion neurons/hyperexcitability/ion channels/nerve injury/inflammation) (2016)

Although it is well established that hyperex- citability and/or increased baseline sensitivity of primary sensory neurons can lead to abnormal burst activity associ- ated with pain, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Early studies demonstrated that, after in- jury to their axons, neurons can display changes in excitabil- ity, suggesting increased sodium channel expression, and, in fact, abnormal sodium channel accumulation has been ob- served at the tips of injured axons. We have used an ensemble of molecular, electrophysiological, and pharmacological tech- niques to ask: what types of sodium channels underlie hyper- excitability of primary sensory neurons after injury? Our studies demonstrate that multiple sodium channels, with distinct electrophysiological properties, are encoded by dis- tinct mRNAs within small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neu- rons, which include nociceptive cells. Moreover, several DRG neuron-specific sodium channels now have been cloned and sequenced. After injury to the axons of DRG neurons, there is a dramatic change in sodium channel expression in these cells, with down-regulation of some sodium channel genes and up-regulation of another, previously silent sodium channel gene. This plasticity in sodium channel gene expression is accompanied by electrophysiological changes that poise these cells to fire spontaneously or at inappropriate high frequen- cies. Changes in sodium channel gene expression also are observed in experimental models of inflammatory pain. Thus, sodium channel expression in DRG neurons is dynamic, changing significantly after injury. Sodium channels within primary sensory neurons may play an important role in the pathophysiology of pain.
Radikalische Vinylierung von Iodiden und Dithiocarbonaten (1999)

Auf Schwermetalle kann verzichtet werden beim hier vorgestellten radikalisch verlaufenden Äquivalent der Heck-Reaktion mit aliphatischen Verbindungen. Dabei werden Iod- und Dithiocarbonat-Substituenten durch substituierte Vinylgruppen ersetzt, wie in Gleichung (1) an einem Beispiel gezeigt ist. Die Reaktion ermöglicht die Einführung von Vinylfragmenten in eine Vielzahl funktionalisierter Substrate.
Patients' Perception of Quality Hospital Care and Hospital Occupancy: are there Biases Associated with Assessing Quality Care Based on Patients' Perceptions? (1996)

There currently is interest in evaluating medical outcomes based on patient perceptions. However, in the US there may be biases associated with these perceptions because of past marketing activities and other factors, such as facility location. The research question examined is whether perceived overall quality could predict hospital occupancy. To assess this, the quality ratings of 155 local hospitals by over 20,000 household heads surveyed in 20 US states were analyzed using an ecological research design. Facility image and hospital occupancy were assessed after controlling for community, facility and quality care differences between facilities. Results indicated that hospitals in more urbanized areas (p = 0.003), with lower costs (p = 0.0001), that were non-teaching (p = 0.033) and those with more employees per bed (p < 0.0001) had higher occupancies, but that perceived quality did not predict admissions after facility differences were controlled (p = 0.302). However, further analysis suggested both positive and negative biases may exist: controlling for community, facility, and quality care differences, facilities with "high" ratings appeared to have consistently higher occupancies, those with "low" ratings consistently lower occupancies, and facilities with "average" ratings appeared to be unaffected. Based on this finding, an interaction effect was tested and confirmed for community rating x facility size (p = 0.015), suggesting that smaller hospitals with low ratings had lower than expected occupancies. Although this study has limitations, it was suggested that researchers should use quality indicators based on patients' perceptions with caution and be open to additional scientific research, until these measures are better understood.
Effects of RF Sputtering Parameters on C-axis Aligned Crystalline (CAAC) InGaZnO4Films Using Design of Experiment (DOE) Approach (2016)

The influence of deposition parameters on the properties of RF sputter deposited c-axis aligned crystalline (CAAC) IGZO was studied using both single parameter and design of experiment (DOE) analysis (target composition near InGaZnO4). Use of a 3-level, 6 factor Box-Behnken DOE enabled efficient sampling of the large processing parameter space. Deposition temperature and power, oxygen fraction in the sputter gas, and the ensuing Zn composition were identified as the key parameters correlated with c-axis texture in the films. CAAC formation commenced at a deposition temperature of 250°C reaching maximum surface normal alignment near 315°C. Crystallinity and alignment increased rapidly with oxygen fraction becoming nearly independent of fraction between 10% and 50%. Zinc loss during deposition at high temperatures and low oxygen partial pressures correlated with lower crystallinity, suggesting a strong composition dependence of CAAC formation in IGZO alloys. In contrast, increased deposition power improved alignment. Optimal deposition conditions were identified and related to a proposed nucleation and growth model.
Electrodes Based on Noble Metals ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (1997)

increasingly important role in modern society and especially in the chemical industry, see Table I. Major reasons for the shift towards electrochemical technology include: (a) the unique ability of electrolysis to bring about selective chemical change without the use of toxic reagents or hazardous conditions; (b) the myriad possibilities for the recycling of metals, chemicals and process streams; (c) the need for clean and efficient energy sources, especially for transport systems; and (d) the many opportunities for designing small and portable sensors which use electrochemi-cal detectors. The key components of all electrochemical
Entity-Relationship analysis for development of Malaysian University Research Assessment Instrument (MyRA) information system (2011)

Malaysian universities are undergoing an education revolution in order to become centers for academic excellence. In order to achieve this, several Research Universities (RUs) has been established to drive research & development, commercialization and production of postgraduates. The Malaysian University Research Assessment Instrument (MyRA) is an assessment method used to evaluate the performance of current RUs, as well as other universities vying to become one. The amount of data to be organized is vast; therefore an information system based on MyRA needs to be developed in order to organize the data more efficiently. This paper presents an Entity-Relationship analysis for such a system. The analysis can be used to guide the development of an information system to cater for MyRA evaluation.
Atopic dermatitis: correlation of peripheral blood T cell activation, eosinophilia and serum factors with clinical severity (1993)

In the first part of this study peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations, their activation state and various serum parameters were measured in extrinsic and intrinsic atopic dermatitis (AD) patients compared to normal individuals. Beside the characteristic eosinophilia, significantly increased numbers of CD4+ T cells with increased expression of IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) and HLA-DR were noted in the AD patients. In addition, extrinsic AD patients showed increased numbers of CD23+ B cells and decreased numbers of CD16+ natural killer cells. Moreover, increased serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and soluble IL-2R as well as soluble factors that prolong survival of eosinophils in vitro could be demonstrated. In the second section of this study we determine how these blood immunological parameters relate to the clinical severity of the skin lesions of AD, by weekly analysis of 12 AD patients attending a high altitude clinic for 3 to 6 weeks. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of treatment with topical steroids, but during the observation period a significant improvement in clinical status was observed in all AD patients independent of topical steroid therapy. A progressive decrease in eosinophil and activated T cell numbers, soluble IL-2R levels and serum eosinophil survival prolonging activity could be demonstrated, which closely correlated with the clinical severity of the AD.
Malaria Parasites: The Great Escape (2016)

Parasites of the genus <i>Plasmodium</i> have a complex life cycle. They alternate between their final mosquito host and their intermediate hosts. The parasite can be either extra- or intracellular, depending on the stage of development. By modifying their shape, motility, and metabolic requirements, the parasite adapts to the different environments in their different hosts. The parasite has evolved to escape the multiple immune mechanisms in the host that try to block parasite development at the different stages of their development. In this article, we describe the mechanisms reported thus far that allow the <i>Plasmodium</i> parasite to evade innate and adaptive immune responses.
Shared Genetic Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis/Psoriasis Suggest Involvement of Interleukin‐17 and Janus Kinase–Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription Signaling (2023)

By investigating the shared genetics of psoriasis and MS, along with their modifiable risk factors, our findings will advance innovations in treatment for patients suffering from comorbidities. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:384-397.
Two-waveplate compensator for low-level birefringence measurements (2003)

Low-level birefringence measurements are of great interest in biology and in optical communications. Optical device performance can be affected by natural and induced birefringence. A new retardation measurement method that allows full-field retardation profiling is presented and compared with existing methods.
A K-band dual-polarized antenna with high isolation and low cross-polarization (2016)

A dual-polarized horn antenna is proposed for K-band wireless communication in this paper. It has a common radiation aperture and two orthogonal wave ports. Hybrid feeding technology of waveguide and microstrip is adopted in the design. High isolation between the two ports can be achieved by adding the waveguide mode cut-off windows. The antenna is able to work well within the relative bandwidth of 21% in terms of good reflection coefficient, high isolation and low cross-polarization. The isolation between the dual-polarization ports is more than 60 dB and the cross-polarization is less than -50 dB throughout the whole band of 20.1 GHz~24.8 GHz.
Primary Screening of the Bioactivity of Brackishwater Cyanobacteria: Toxicity of Crude Extracts to Artemia salina Larvae and Paracentrotus lividus Embryos (2010)

Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria that produce an array of secondary compounds with selective bioactivity against vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, microalgae, fungi, bacteria, viruses and cell lines. The aim of this study was to assess the toxic effects of aqueous, methanolic and hexane crude extracts of benthic and picoplanktonic cyanobacteria isolated from estuarine environments, towards the nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina and embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The A. salina lethality test was used as a frontline screen and then complemented by the more specific sea urchin embryo-larval assay. Eighteen cyanobacterial isolates, belonging to the genera Cyanobium, Leptolyngbya, Microcoleus, Phormidium, Nodularia, Nostoc and Synechocystis, were tested. Aqueous extracts of cyanobacteria strains showed potent toxicity against A. salina, whereas in P. lividus, methanolic and aqueous extracts showed embryo toxicity, with clear effects on development during early stages. The results suggest that the brackishwater cyanobacteria are producers of bioactive compounds with toxicological effects that may interfere with the dynamics of invertebrate populations.
Impaired Activated/Memory Regulatory T Cell Clonal Expansion Instigates Diabetes in NOD Mice (2021)

Regulatory T cell (Treg) insufficiency licenses the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells by autoreactive effector T cells (Teffs), causing spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. We investigated the contribution to diabetes of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of naive regulatory T cells (nTregs), activated/memory Tregs (amTregs), and CD4<sup>+</sup> Teffs from prediabetic NOD mice and normal C57BL/6 (B6) mice. NOD mice amTreg and Teff repertoire diversity was unexpectedly higher than that of B6 mice. This was due to the presence of highly expanded clonotypes in B6 amTregs and Teffs that were largely lost in their NOD counterparts. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) administration to NOD mice restored such amTreg clonotype expansions and prevented diabetes development. In contrast, IL-2 administration only led to few or no clonotype expansions in nTregs and Teffs, respectively. Noteworthily, IL-2-expanded amTreg and nTreg clonotypes were markedly enriched in islet-antigen specific TCRs. Altogether, our results highlight the link between a reduced clonotype expansion within the activated Treg repertoire and the development of an autoimmune disease. They also indicate that the repertoire of amTregs is amenable to rejuvenation by IL-2.
Phosphatidylserine and FVa regulate FXa structure (2014)

Human coagulation FXa (Factor Xa) plays a key role in blood coagulation by activating prothrombin to thrombin on 'stimulated' platelet membranes in the presence of its cofactor FVa (Factor Va). PS (phosphatidylserine) exposure on activated platelet membranes promotes prothrombin activation by FXa by allosterically regulating FXa. To identify the structural basis of this allosteric regulation, we used FRET to monitor changes in FXa length in response to (i) soluble short-chain PS [C6PS (dicaproylphosphatidylserine)], (ii) PS membranes, and (iii) FVa in the presence of C6PS and membranes. We incorporated a FRET pair with donor (fluorescein) at the active site and acceptor (Alexa Fluor® 555) at the FXa N-terminus near the membrane. The results demonstrated that FXa structure changes upon binding of C6PS to two sites: a regulatory site at the N-terminus [identified previously as involving the Gla (γ-carboxyglutamic acid) and EGFN (N-terminus of epidermal growth factor) domains] and a presumptive protein-recognition site in the catalytic domain. Binding of C6PS to the regulatory site increased the interprobe distance by ~3 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm), whereas saturation of both sites increased the distance by a further ~6.4 Å. FXa binding to a membrane produced a smaller increase in length (~1.4 Å), indicating that FXa has a somewhat different structure on a membrane from when bound to C6PS in solution. However, when both FVa2 (a FVa glycoform) and either C6PS- or PS-containing membranes were bound to FXa, the overall change in length was comparable (~5.6-5.8 Å), indicating that C6PS- and PS-containing membranes in conjunction with FVa2 have comparable regulatory effects on FXa. We conclude that the similar functional regulation of FXa by C6PS or membranes in conjunction with FVa2 correlates with similar structural regulation. The results demonstrate the usefulness of FRET in analysing structure-function relationships in FXa and in the FXa·FVa2 complex.
Monoamine Transporters: Basic Biology with Clinical Implications (1995)

Biogenic amine transporters mediate two important steps in the reuptake and recycling of monoamines released by neurons in the central nervous system. First, high-affinity transporters found in the plasma membrane of neurons and glial cells mediate the removal of neurotransmitter from the extracellular space, thus terminating the action of the monoamines serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Within the cell, vesicular transporters repackage monoamines into vesicles for additional cycles of release. Two gene families are involved in the transport of the biogenic amines—the Na + /Cl - -dependent plasma membrane carriers and the H+-dependent vesicular amine carriers. These transporters are known to regulate neurotransmitter con centrations in monoaminergic pathways and are the primary targets for a wide variety of clinically important antidepressants, antihypertensives, stimulants, and stimulant drugs of abuse. The Neuroscientist 1:259-267, 1995
Normal and malignant epithelial cells with stem-like properties have an extended G2 cell cycle phase that is associated with apoptotic resistance (2010)

These data indicate that both normal and malignant human epithelial cells with stem-like properties show greater resistance to apoptosis associated with extended G2 cell cycle phase, and that this property is not a consequence of neoplastic transformation. Targeting G2 checkpoint proteins releases these cells from the G2-block and makes them more prone to apoptosis, implying an opportunity for improved therapeutic approaches.
SPINS: A laboratory information management system for organizing and archiving intermediate and final results from NMR protein structure determinations (2006)

Recent technological advances and experimental techniques have contributed to an increasing number and size of NMR datasets. In order to scale up productivity, laboratory information management systems for handling these extensive data need to be designed and implemented. The SPINS (Standardized ProteIn Nmr Storage) Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) addresses these needs by providing an interface for archival of complete protein NMR structure determinations, together with functionality for depositing these data to the public BioMagResBank (BMRB). The software tracks intermediate files during each step of an NMR structure-determination process, including: data collection, data processing, resonance assignments, resonance assignment validation, structure calculation, and structure validation. The underlying SPINS data dictionary allows for the integration of various third party NMR data processing and analysis software, enabling users to launch programs they are accustomed to using for each step of the structure determination process directly out of the SPINS user interface.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(aryl ether sulfone) PolyHIPE Materials (1997)

The preparation and characterization of poly(aryl ether sulfone) (PES) PolyHIPE (polymerized high internal phase emulsion) materials is described. A maleimide-terminated aryl ether sulfone macromonomer was copolymerized with styrene, divinylbenzene (DVB), or a bis(vinyl ether) species, in the continuous phase of a HIPE. Furthermore, a novel, nonaqueous HIPE methodology was employed, since only dipolar aprotic solvents were able to cosolubilize the polymeric precursor and surfactant. HIPEs of petroleum ether, dispersed in a dipolar aprotic solution of maleimide-terminated PES, PEO−PPO−PEO block copolymer surfactants, comonomer, and AIBN, were successfully prepared and polymerized. The cellular structures and porosities of the resulting materials were characterized by SEM, solvent imbibition, mercury porosimetry, and a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) treatment of nitrogen adsorption results. All were shown to possess an open-cellular morphology and a secondary pore structure within the polymer walls. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the materials indicated that critical degradation occurred at higher temperatures than in poly(styrene/DVB) PolyHIPE but lower than the PES macromonomer precursor.
Hypotension Associated with Prekallikrein Activator (Hageman-Factor Fragments) in Plasma Protein Fraction (1978)

Thirteen lots of plasma protein fraction made by one manufacturer were implicated in 23 recent reports of hypotension in surgical patients. Four of these patients required resuscitation after rapid administration of the product in the postoperative period. All implicated lots had prekallikrein-activator activity but low levels of bradykinin and kallikrein. The prekallikrein activator was identified as Hageman-factor fragments by molecular weight (35,000 as estimated by gel chromatography), isoelectric point (4.2 to 4.4), and inhibition by antibody to Hageman factor. These data suggest that Hageman-factor fragments are potent hypotensive agents, presumably because they trigger the generation of bradykinin in recipients. Prekallikrein-activator activity, usually at levels lower than those in the initial 13 implicated lots, was frequently detected in plasma protein fraction made by other manufacturers. Several of these lots were associated with additional reports of hypotension. Prekallikrein-activator activity rarely occurred in albumin. (N Engl J Med 299:66–70, 1978)
A tribute to Dr. Rudolf Henning, friend, colleague, mentor, doer and giver (2014)

Summary form only given. Rudolf “Rudy” Henning was born in Germany in 1923 and came to the United States in 1939. He served in the U.S. Army Signal Core under General Patton from 1944-1946. He earned his MS and D. of Eng Sci in electrical engineering. In 1957, Dr. Henning came to Pinellas as Chief Engineer of Sperry Microwave Electronics Division in Oldsmar and USF as Associate Dean of the College of Engineering in 1972. He was a member of Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Xi, a Fellow with IEEE and a recipient of the National Science Foundation Presidential Recognition Award from President George W. Bush in 2004.
Supplemental Tables from Antiestrogen Therapy Increases Plasticity and Cancer Stemness of Prolactin-Induced ERα<sup>+</sup> Mammary Carcinomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Tables 1 and 2&lt;/p&gt;
Prehospital advances in the management of severe penetrating trauma (2008)

This article examines the most recent and salient advances that have occurred in battlefield prehospital care driven by our ongoing combat experience in the Iraq and Afghanistan and the evolution around the Tactical Combat Casualty Care concept.
Preface Vol. 5, No. 1, 2015 (2015)

This section contains the general information about the current volume of the journal viz. message from editor, brief introduction about authors of content in current volume, testimonial and motivational messages received by editor, and other covering/packaging content of the journal.
BiSpectral Index (BIS) monitoring may detect critical hypotension before automated non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement during general anaesthesia; a case report. (2014)

A patient undergoing general anaesthesia for neurosurgery exhibited an unexpected sudden decrease in the BiSpectral Index (BIS) value to near-zero. This prompted the detection of profound hypotension using non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement and expedited urgent assessment and treatment, with the patient making a full recovery. Widely regarded as a 'depth of anaesthesia' monitor, this case demonstrates the potential extra clinical benefit BIS may have in the detection of critical incidents such as anaphylaxis during general anaesthesia.