gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Well-Defined N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes of Late Transition Metals (2008)

N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as appropriate replacements for phosphines to synthesized highly active metal complexes in homogeneous catalysis. The advantages of NHCs over phosphines include ease of handling, minimal toxicity and powerful electron donating properties. They bind transition metals with no need of back-donation and yield complexes with enhanced stability. The ability of NHCs to bind all metals from the periodic table, in low and high oxidation states, creates an unprecedented opportunity for the design of new complexes. This dissertation is dedicated to the synthesis of well-defined organosilver and organogold complexes bearing NHC ligands. In addition, two short chapters describe briefly the synthesis of NHC acetylacetonate palladium(II) complexes, and the use of NHC ruthenium(II) indenylidene complexes in ring opening metathesis polymerization reactions. New silver(I) and gold(I) halide mono-NHC complexes are synthesized, structurally characterized, and compared to other existing silver(I) and gold(I) complexes. The silver cation trends to form thermodynamically favored bis-NHC complexes and the success for the synthesis of kinetically favored silver(I) mono-NHC complexes is strongly dependant of the carbene, the solvent, and the silver salts used. In contrast, the synthesis of gold(I) mono-NHC complexes appears easier specially by transmetalation starting from silver(I) NHC complexes. The reactivity of both metals NHC complexes is directly related to the strength of the metal-carbene bond. The gold(I) cation firmly bound to the carbene, undergoes oxidative addition with halogens to afford gold(III) NHC complexes, or dehalogenation in presence of inorganic silver salts to afford cationic gold(I) mono-NHC complexes in coordinating solvent. The coordinating solvent can be replaced by a neutral or anionic group to yield gold(I) NHC complexes with unusual ligands such as olefins, pyridines, sugars. In contrast, the silver(I) cation is weakly bound to the carbene, and silver(I) NHCs decompose in presence of halogens or inorganic silver salts. In conclusion the synthesis of the NHC complexes emphasizes deeply the similarities and the differences between silver and gold chemistries. While NHCs ideally stabilize gold(I) and(III) complexes, phosphines appears to be a more promising alternative than NHCs for the chemistry of silver.
SVR Angiosarcomas can be Rejected by CD4 Costimulation Dependent and CD8 Costimulation Independent Pathways (2002)

Significant differences exist in the immune status of mice acutely depleted of costimulatory molecules versus genetically deficient mice. Our results suggest that acute depletion is more immunosuppressive than genetic depletion. Humans who undergo costimulatory blockade may require periodic surveillance for virally-induced tumors.
Approaches to the prevention of coronary vascular dysfunction caused by myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. (1999)

The endothelium is an important regulator of coronary vascular tone due to its ability to release potent vasoactive substances such as the vasodilators nitric oxide (NO), endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), prostacyclin (PGI2) and the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin. Endothelial dysfunction has been associated with a number of pathological states such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and congestive heart failure. A disturbance of endothelial function may also contribute to the adverse effects that ischaemia and reperfusion exerts on the coronary vasculature. After ischaemia and reperfusion there is usually a selective impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation in isolated coronary arteries. However, in the intact coronary circulation, there is a general loss of vasodilator reserve as responses to both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent agonists are attenuated. The release of vasoconstrictor(s) and plugging of capillaries with leukocytes may contribute to that impairment of the capacity of the coronary circulation to dilate together with the reduction in basal blood flow (no-reflow phenomenon). Ischaemic preconditioning is able to prevent ischaemic damage to the myocardium but the vasculature is less well protected as reperfusion is enhanced but the vasodilator reserve continues to be limited. Pharmacological preservation of vascular function has proved more successful with inhibitors of leukocyte adhesion, calcium channel blockers, endothelin receptor antagonists and inhibitors of oxygen radical generation all offering protection. Further refinement of protocols to preserve endothelial and vascular function after ischaemia will aid reperfusion, enhance vasodilator reserve and maximise recovery of myocardial function.
Complications of saphenous vein harvesting following coronary artery bypass surgery. (1990)

Saphenous vein harvesting, though a relatively minor part of the coronary artery bypass operation, can cause complications that may dominate the early and late postoperative course. We describe three groups of complications that are usually given little attention in the literature: complication of vein harvesting in ischemic legs, recurrent cellulitis in vein donor legs, and saphenous neuropathy.
Listeria monocytogenes in Food-Processing Facilities, Food Contamination, and Human Listeriosis: The Brazilian Scenario (2017)

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that contaminates food-processing environments and persists within biofilms on equipment, utensils, floors, and drains, ultimately reaching final products by cross-contamination. This pathogen grows even under high salt conditions or refrigeration temperatures, remaining viable in various food products until the end of their shelf life. While the estimated incidence of listeriosis is lower than other enteric illnesses, infections caused by L. monocytogenes are more likely to lead to hospitalizations and fatalities. Despite the description of L. monocytogenes occurrence in Brazilian food-processing facilities and foods, there is a lack of consistent data regarding listeriosis cases and outbreaks directly associated with food consumption. Listeriosis requires rapid treatment with antibiotics and most drugs suitable for Gram-positive bacteria are effective against L. monocytogenes. Only a minority of clinical antibiotic-resistant L. monocytogenes strains have been described so far; whereas many strains recovered from food-processing facilities and foods exhibited resistance to antimicrobials not suitable against listeriosis. L. monocytogenes control in food industries is a challenge, demanding proper cleaning and application of sanitization procedures to eliminate this foodborne pathogen from the food-processing environment and ensure food safety. This review focuses on presenting the L. monocytogenes distribution in food-processing environment, food contamination, and control in the food industry, as well as the consequences of listeriosis to human health, providing a comparison of the current Brazilian situation with the international scenario.
Junctophilin-2 Expression Silencing Causes Cardiocyte Hypertrophy and Abnormal Intracellular Calcium-Handling (2011)

Our results show that JPH2 levels are reduced in patients with HCM. Reduced JPH2 expression results in reduced excitation-contraction coupling gain as well as altered Ca(2+) homeostasis, which may be associated with prohypertrophic remodeling.
Air embolism during neurosurgery. An evaluation of right-atrial catheters for diagnosis and treatment (1969)

During a seven-year period, 2,002 neurosurgical procedures were done with the patients in the sitting position. Forty episodes of air embolism were recognized in 32 of these patients and all but one episode occurred during surgery on the posterior cranial fossa. In 18 patients, a catheter had been previously placed in the right atrium (21 episodes) or superior vena cava (two episodes). In all of these, the diagnosis was confirmed by the aspiration of volumes of air varying from 2 to 400 ml. During eight of the episodes, volumes exceeding 10 ml of air were aspirated. This experience supports a recommendation for placement of a catheter in the right atrium prior to surgical procedures likely to be complicated by air embolism.
Scintimammography with dedicated breast camera detects and localizes occult carcinoma. (2004)

Scintimammography using a dedicated breast camera may augment mammography and clinical breast examination for the subset of women who have dense breast tissue and are at high risk of breast cancer.
Order Parameters, Orientational Distribution Functions and Heliconical Tilt Angles of Oligomeric Liquid Crystals (2019)

We compare the order parameters, orientational distribution functions (ODF) and heliconical tilt angles of the TB phase exhibited by a liquid-crystalline dimer (CB7CB) to a tetramer (O47) and hexamer (O67) by SAXS/WAXS. Following the N-TB phase transition we find that all order parameters decrease, and while 〈P2 〉 remains positive 〈P4 〉 becomes negative. For all three materials the order parameter 〈P6 〉 is near zero in both phases. The ODF is sugarloaf-like in the nematic phase and volcano-like in the TB phase, allowing us to estimate the heliconical tilt angle of each material and its thermal evolution. The heliconical tilt angle appears to be largely independent of the material studied despite the differing number of mesogenic units.
Distributed Server Migration for Scalable Internet Service Deployment (2013)

The effectiveness of service provisioning in large-scale networks is highly dependent on the number and location of service facilities deployed at various hosts. The classical, centralized approach to determining the latter would amount to formulating and solving the uncapacitated k-median (UKM) problem (if the requested number of facilities is fixed- k) or the uncapacitated facility location (UFL) problem (if the number of facilities is also to be optimized). Clearly, such centralized approaches require knowledge of global topological and demand information, and thus do not scale and are not practical for large networks. The key question posed and answered in this paper is the following: “How can we determine in a distributed and scalable manner the number and location of service facilities?” In this paper, we develop a scalable and distributed approach that answers our key question through an iterative reoptimization of the location and the number of facilities within network neighborhoods. We propose an innovative approach to migrate, add, or remove servers within limited-scope network neighborhoods by utilizing only local information about the topology and demand. We show that even with limited information about the network topology and demand, within one or two hops, our distributed approach achieves performance, under various synthetic and real Internet topologies and workloads, that is comparable to that of optimal, centralized approaches requiring full topology and demand information. We also show that it is responsive to volatile demand. Our approach leverages recent advances in virtualization technology toward an automated placement of services on the Internet.
Update on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Tregs in IBD (2017)

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the 2 major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans, arise in genetically predisposed individuals because of an abnormal immune response direct against constituents of the gut flora. Defects in counter-regulatory mechanisms are supposed to amplify and maintain the IBD-associated mucosal inflammation. Therefore, restoring the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in the gut could contribute to halt the IBD-associated tissue-damaging immune response. Various suppressive T cell (Tregs) subsets have been characterized phenotypically and functionally and over the last decade, there has been enormous effort for optimizing the procedures for the in vitro expansion/generation of these cells for therapeutic purposes. Here we review the mechanisms of action and functional relevance of Tregs in the maintenance of gut inflammation and analyze the available data about the use of these cells in the treatment of IBD patients.
Smartphone Security Challenges (2012)

Because of their unique characteristics, smartphones present challenges requiring new business models that offer countermeasures to help ensure their security.
Extended Time to Wound Closure Is Associated With Increased Risk of Heterotopic Ossification of the Elbow (2007)

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a well-recognized complication of burn injury that can result in significantly compromised limb function. The etiology and optimal treatment strategy for HO remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between delay in elbow wound closure and the development of HO. We performed a case-control study to examine the relationship between delay in wound closure and development of HO. Cases (HO patients) were identified using our patient registry and matched with patients of similar age, burn size, and sex who did not develop HO. Time to wound closure was compared using bivariate statistics and the odds for developing HO based on time to wound closure was modeled using multivariate logistic regression. During the study period, a total of 45 patients developed elbow HO. When compared with controls matched for age, burn size, and sex, elbow wounds were open significantly longer in the cases than in the controls (48.7 days vs 24.2 days, P < .01). On multivariate logistic regression, the adjusted odds ratio was 1.08 (95% CI 1.04-1.12, P < .01). Time to elbow wound closure significantly impacts the risk of development of heterotopic ossification. Therefore, to minimize risk of HO formation, increased attention is warranted to optimize time to wound closure over joints. In addition, consideration of other soft tissue coverage options such as local flaps, including fascia or muscle flaps, may be warranted in cases of very deep elbow buns with high risk of skin graft failure.
Privacy Preserving Clustering by Cluster Bulging for Information Sustenance (2008)

Cluster analysis is a data mining approach for unsupervised learning. However, the use of clustering as a data mining tool has been a cause of growing concern as the use of this technology is violating individual privacy. This paper presents a method for privacy preserving clustering through cluster bulging. In this method, the objects of the database are first aligned into clusters based on a similarity measure. The data in these clusters is perturbed in a controlled manner by modifying the values of various objects, so that, in the perturbed data set, the clusters are bulged in comparison to those in the original data set. In order to perform this perturbation, every cluster is displaced along the line joining its centroid to the centroid of the whole data set. And, then, every object in each cluster is shifted along the line joining that object to the centroid of the cluster. The word bulging used here refers to both positive and negative bulging. The method in essence manipulates the similarity measures and recomputes the new perturbed objects of the respective clusters. Thus, every object in the bulged cluster represents its corresponding object from the original cluster. After the application of this method, the objects get perturbed, while the number of member objects and shape of each cluster remain the same as those of the original clusters, thereby the information in the two instances of the data sets is sustained, while, the privacy of sensitive data is preserved.
DELLA proteins: integrators of multiple plant growth regulatory inputs? (2004)

The DELLA proteins are a family of putative transcriptional regulators that inhibit the cell proliferation and expansion that drives the growth of plant organs. Plant growth is stimulated via destruction of DELLA proteins in the 26S proteasome. Recent advances have shown that the ‘classical’ phytohormones gibberellin (GA), auxin and ethylene control plant growth by influencing DELLA‐destruction. This paper outlines the discovery, molecular characterization and biology of the DELLA proteins, and summarizes the evidence that they act as integrators of response to multiple growth‐regulatory signals.
SU5416, a small molecule tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, has biologic activity in patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes (2003)

Increased bone marrow angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are adverse prognostic features in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). VEGF is a soluble circulating angiogenic molecule that stimulates signaling via receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). AML blasts may express VEGFR-2, c-kit, and FLT3. SU5416 is a small molecule RTK inhibitor (RTKI) of VEGFR-2, c-kit, and both wild-type and mutant FLT3. A multicenter phase 2 study of SU5416 was conducted in patients with refractory AML or MDS. For a median of 9 weeks (range, 1-55 weeks), 55 patients (33 AML: 10 [30%] primary refractory, 23 [70%] relapsed; 22 MDS: 15 [68%] relapsed) received 145 mg/m2 SU5416 twice weekly intravenously. Grade 3 or 4 drug-related toxicities included headaches (14%), infusion-related reactions (11%), dyspnea (14%), fatigue (7%), thrombotic episodes (7%), bone pain (5%), and gastrointestinal disturbance (4%). There were 11 patients (20%) who did not complete 4 weeks of therapy (10 progressive disease, 1 adverse event); 3 patients (5%) who achieved partial responses; and 1 (2%) who achieved hematologic improvement. Single agent SU5416 had biologic and modest clinical activity in refractory AML/MDS. Overall median survival was 12 weeks in AML patients (range, 4-41 weeks) and not reached in MDS patients. Most observed toxicities were attributable to drug formulation (polyoxyl 35 castor oil or hyperosmolarity of the SU5416 preparation). Studies of other RTKI and/or other antiangiogenic approaches, with correlative studies to examine biologic effects, may be warranted in patients with AML/MDS.
LTCC in microelectronics, microsystems, and sensors (2008)

Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) is one of the most significant developments in microelectronics, microsystems, and sensors integration. The formerly-flat board technology involves a materials and process suite that lends itself to shaped and stacked 3D packaging and, within the board, enclosed unfilled volumes and unconventional components. The documentation of LTCC microsystem and sensor applications is growing rapidly in the literature. This paper will discuss accomplishments at Sandia in RF, microfluidics, gas handling, microsystems, and sensor applications. Highlighted areas include Radar MCMs, biological microsystems, smart channels, and new sensor geometries including rolled ceramic tubular substrates. Unconventional processing techniques for creating unfilled open volumes such as SVMs, screeding, and use of inserts with and without prior cavity definition will be discussed. New applications, such as the use of magnetic bead capture, incorporated smart channels, microthrusters, micro-NMR devices, radiation detectors, IMS drift tubes, optical microphones and optical switch packaging and improved performance from Full Tape Thickness Features (FTTF) will also be discussed.
Étude des phénomènes de diffusion de la lumière par spectroscopie Fabry-Pérot à haute résolution et grande sensibilité (1973)

Cette étude concerne d'abord la mise au point d'un spectromètre Fabry-Pérot confocal de très haute résolution associé à un dispositif d'accumulation des signaux. Ce F-P d'intervalle spectral libre de 214 MHz peut être utilisé en simple ou en double passage, ce qui lui procure une grande finesse et un contraste extrêmement élevé. Des dispositifs originaux maintiennent constants dans le temps ces qualités de résolution, ce qui permet au montage d'être aussi très sensible. Cet appareil a permis ensuite de déterminer avec précision les largeurs des raies Rayleigh d'entropie et de réorientation, et les décalages des raies Brillouin du benzène, de l'acide pivalique (cristal plastique) et de l'alcool méthylique respectivement.
Study of Novel Power Electronic Converters for Small Scale Wind Energy Conversion Systems (2016)

This chapter proposes a study of novel power electronic converters for small scale wind energy conversion systems. In this chapter major topologies of power electronic converters that used in wind energy converter systems have been analysed. Various topologies of DC/AC single stage converters such as high boost Z-source inverters (ZSI) have been investigated. New proposed schemes for inverters such as multilevel and Z-source inverters have been studied in this proposed chapter. Multilevel converters are categorized into three major groups according to their topologies which are diode clamped multilevel converters (DCM), cascade multilevel converters (CMC) with multiple isolated dc voltage sources and flying capacitor based multilevel converters (FCMC). Z-source inverters are divided to ZSI, qZSI and trans-ZSI types. Trans-ZSI is mostly used for high step-up single stage conversions.
A New Approach to the Design of Efficient Residue Generators for Arbitrary Moduli (2013)

Recent analyses demonstrate that operations in some bases of Residue Number System (RNS) exhibit higher resiliency to process variations than in normal binary number system. Under this premise, arbitrary moduli offer greater flexibility in forming high cardinality balanced RNS with variation-insensitive small residue operations for a given dynamic range. Limited in number theoretic property, converting an integer into residue for an arbitrary modulus is as difficult as complex arithmetic operation, particularly for very large wordlength ratio of integer to modulus. This paper presents a new design of efficient residue generators and the design approach is demonstrated with large input wordlength of 64 bits for arbitrary moduli of up to 6 bits. The proposed design eliminates the bottleneck carry propagation additions and modular adder tree of existing designs, and circumvents the undesirably high architectural disparity for different moduli of inconsistent cyclic periodicity. Our experimental results on moduli of different periodicities show that the proposed design is on average 27.7% faster and 28.7% smaller than the state-of-the-art residue generator. Our power simulation results also show that the proposed residue generator has on average reduced the total power and the leakage power of the latter by 44.5% and 24.7%, respectively.
CO2 Capture and Conversion with a Multifunctional Polyethyleneimine‐Tethered Iminophosphine Iridium Catalyst/Adsorbent (2014)

Tunable, multifunctional materials able to capture CO2 and subsequently catalyze its conversion to formic acid were synthesized by the modification of branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) with an iminophosphine ligand coordinated to an Ir precatalyst. The molecular weight of the PEI backbone was an important component for material stability and catalytic activity, which were inversely related. The amine functionalities on PEI served three roles: 1) primary amines were used to tether the ligand and precatalyst, 2) amines were used to capture CO2 , and 3) amines served as a base for formate stabilization during catalysis. Ligand studies on imine and phosphine based ligands showed that a bidentate iminophosphine ligand resulted in the highest catalytic activity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that an increase in Ir 4f binding energy led to an increase in catalytic activity, which suggests that the electronics of the metal center play a significant role in catalysis. Catalyst loading studies revealed that there is a critical balance between free amines and ligand-metal sites that must be reached to optimize catalytic activity. Thus, it was found that the CO2 capture and conversion abilities of these materials could be optimized for reaction conditions by tuning the structure of the PEI-tethered materials.