gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age-Dependent Dysregulation of Muscle Vasculature and Blood Flow Recovery after Hindlimb Ischemia in the mdx Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2021)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by a lack of functional dystrophin, is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration. Interestingly, dystrophin is also expressed in endothelial cells (ECs), and insufficient angiogenesis has already been hypothesized to contribute to DMD pathology, however, its status in <i>mdx</i> mice, a model of DMD, is still not fully clear. Our study aimed to reveal angiogenesis-related alterations in skeletal muscles of <i>mdx</i> mice compared to wild-type (WT) counterparts. By investigating 6- and 12-week-old mice, we sought to verify if those changes are age-dependent. We utilized a broad spectrum of methods ranging from gene expression analysis, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence imaging to determine the level of angiogenic markers and to assess muscle blood vessel abundance. Finally, we implemented the hindlimb ischemia (HLI) model, more biologically relevant in the context of functional studies evaluating angiogenesis/arteriogenesis processes. We demonstrated that both 6- and 12-week-old dystrophic mice exhibited dysregulation of several angiogenic factors, including decreased vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) in different muscle types. Nonetheless, in younger, 6-week-old <i>mdx</i> animals, neither the abundance of CD31<sup>+</sup>α-SMA<sup>+</sup> double-positive blood vessels nor basal blood flow and its restoration after HLI was affected. In 12-week-old <i>mdx</i> mice, although a higher number of CD31<sup>+</sup>α-SMA<sup>+</sup> double-positive blood vessels and an increased percentage of skeletal muscle ECs were found, the abundance of pericytes was diminished, and blood flow was reduced. Moreover, impeded perfusion recovery after HLI associated with a blunted inflammatory and regenerative response was evident in 12-week-old dystrophic mice. Hence, our results reinforce the hypothesis of age-dependent angiogenic dysfunction in dystrophic mice. In conclusion, we suggest that older <i>mdx</i> mice constitute an appropriate model for preclinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of vascular-based therapies aimed at the restoration of functional angiogenesis to mitigate DMD severity.
Neutral endopeptidase expression in mesangial cells (2003)

In the kidney, neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is implicated in the metabolism of several peptides involved in blood pressure and sodium homeostasis control, such as the atrial natriuretic peptide, bradykinin and angiotensin I. Due to its physiological importance in the modulation of pressor responses, the presence of NEP in mouse mesangial cells has been investigated, since these cells control glomerular function and are able to synthesise components of the renin-angiotensin system. A NEP-like activity (NEP-like) that cleaves the fluorogenic substrates Abz-BKQ-EDDnp and Abz-DRRL-EDDnp was purified from mesangial cell lysate by ion-exchange, followed by gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme was able to hydrolyse bradykinin at the G4-F5 peptide bond and was inhibited by thiorphan. A pH study established that enzyme activity was maximal at pH 7.5 and the determined K(m) was 4.86 M using Abz-DRRL-EDDnp as substrate. NEP-like was recognised by monoclonal anti-NEP and had a molecular mass of 95 kDa. The purified enzyme was sequenced and showed similarity with human, rat, mouse and rabbit NEPs. We isolated, for the first time, NEP-like from mesangial cells. This enzyme could have an important role in the renal physiology by its action upon different peptides that are able to alter renal haemodynamics.
A Topographic Study of Minicolumnar Core Width by Lamina Comparison between Autistic Subjects and Controls: Possible Minicolumnar Disruption due to an Anatomical Element In‐Common to Multiple Laminae (2009)

Radial cell minicolumns are basic cytoarchitectonic motifs of the mammalian neocortex. Recent studies reveal that autism is associated with a "minicolumnopathy" defined by decreased columnar width and both a diminished and disrupted peripheral neuropil compartment. This study further characterizes this cortical deficit by comparing minicolumnar widths across layers. Brains from seven autistic patients and an equal number of age-matched controls were celloidin embedded, serially sectioned at 200 microm and Nissl stained with gallocyanin. Photomicrograph mosaics of the cortex were analyzed with computerized imaging methods to determine minicolumnar width at nine separate neocortical areas: Brodmann Area's (BA) 3b, 4, 9, 10, 11, 17, 24, 43 and 44. Each area was assessed at supragranular, granular and infragranular levels. Autistic subjects had smaller minicolumns whose dimensions varied according to neocortical area. The greatest difference between autistic and control groups was observed in area 44. The interaction of diagnosis x cortical area x lamina (F(16,316) = 1.33; P = 0.175) was not significant. Diminished minicolumnar width across deep and superficial neocortical layers most probably reflects involvement of shared constituents among the different layers. In this article we discuss the possible role of double bouquet and pyramidal cells in the translaminar minicolumnar width narrowing observed in autistic subjects.
Development of Preformed Pd Catalysts for Cross-Coupling Reactions, Beyond the 2010 Nobel Prize (2012)

Strategies for the development of Pd catalysts based on utilization of L2Pd and LPd species, beyond the contributions of the 2010 Nobel Laureates Richard Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, and Akira Suzuki, along with their contemporaries, are reviewed. These well-defined, preformed Pd catalysts improve the selectivity and activity of selected cross-coupling reactions by reducing the metal loading and the ligand-to-metal ratios. This review describes predominantly the development of Pd precatalysts over the last 10 years and highlights the benefits often observed when using well-defined preformed catalysts relative to those generated in situ.
Modeling and Simulation of a Heat Regenerator in Cyclic Equilibrium With Radiation (1988)

Technical Briefs Modeling and Simulation of a Heat Regenerator in Cyclic Equilibrium With Radiation M. P. Di Marco, M. P. Di Marco Departamento de Termodinamica, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar F. F. Pironti F. F. Pironti Departamento de Termodinamica, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information M. P. Di Marco Departamento de Termodinamica, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela F. F. Pironti Departamento de Termodinamica, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela J. Heat Transfer. Nov 1988, 110(4a): 999-1001 (3 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3250606 Published Online: November 1, 1988 Article history Received: October 15, 1986 Online: October 20, 2009
Compartmentalized cAMP signalling regulates vasopressin-mediated water reabsorption by controlling aquaporin-2 (2005)

The cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A) signalling pathway is activated by a plethora of stimuli. To facilitate the specificity of a cellular response, signal transduction complexes are formed and segregated to discrete sites (compartmentalization). cAMP/PKA signalling compartments are maintained by AKAPs (A-kinase anchoring proteins) which bind PKA and other signalling proteins, and by PDEs (phosphodiesterases). The latter hydrolyse cAMP and thus limit its diffusion and terminate PKA activity. An example of a cAMP-dependent process requiring compartmentalization of cAMP/PKA signals is arginine-vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption in renal principal cells. A detailed understanding of the protein interactions within a signal transduction complex offers the possibility to design agents influencing PKA binding to a specific AKAP, the targeting of an AKAP or the interactions of AKAPs with other signalling molecules. The ability to specifically modulate selected branches of a signal transduction pathway would greatly advance basic research, and may lead to new drugs suitable for the treatment of diseases caused by dysregulation of anchored PKA signalling (e.g. renal and cardiovascular diseases).
Cross-Scale Biological Models of Species for Future Biomimetic Composite Design: A Review (2021)

The rise in structural performance requirements in engineering is driving the research and development of stronger, stiffer, and lighter materials. However, most traditional artificial materials are unable to meet the needs of modern industrial and technological development. In fact, multifarious creatures in nature are further ahead in their use of structural materials. There is a fairly limited selection of natural structural materials at ambient temperatures. They usually consist of hard and soft phases arranged in a complex hierarchy with characteristic dimensions ranging from nanoscale to macroscale. The resulting materials usually show a nearly perfect combination of strength and toughness integrated with lightweight characteristics. This is exactly what is required of engineering materials. In this review, different biological materials were divided into the following types in terms of structural elements: 1D fibrous structures, 2D layered structures, 3D cellular structures and heterogeneous interface structures. For each structural element, corresponding structure components and mechanical properties of typical organisms were well described. Abundant sophisticated models of natural biological structures were discussed contrastively. The purpose of this review was to summarize the excellent properties of multi-dimensional biological models with cross-scale features and to reveal the relationship between structure characteristics and function mechanism, which could provide valuable references for the design and optimization of a future biomimetic composite with high mechanical performance. This review is anticipated to not only inspire novel biomimetic design but also offer a window for the deep understanding of existing outstanding structural composites in diversified species, which could provide continuous innovative power for composite renovation in many engineering fields.
Frequency-time controlled (FTC) networks for high speed communication (1986)

The development of “very high speed” networks is being motivated by emerging applications and is therefore attracting increasing attention. As demonstrated in the past, in conventional high speed systems the high ratio between the end-to-end propagation delay and the message transmission time severely restricts the system performance. Thus the increase in channel bandwidth may be accompanied by only a marginal increase in actual system capacity. In this paper we propose a network architecture which eliminates this problem by introducing a combined Frequency - Time Division based control of the high speed channel. We consider the implementation characteristics of the resulting multichannel system and show that the design of protocols in these systems is subject to unique channel control penalties. Specifically, we show that in addition to the relatively high cost of channel sensing, the allocation of channel on a demand assignment basis is hindered in the multichannel configuration by the time penalty involved in locating an idle channel and by practical limitations of multichannel node interface design. We therefore introduce a new class of “allocation” protocols in which the channel access is obtained without the aforementioned penalties. The allocation protocols build on message source and destination oriented transmission rights allocation, taking into account the implementation aspects of multichannel networks. We show that the class of “multichannel allocation” protocols covers the whole range of random access to fixed channel access control policies and introduce an analytic approach for a uniform analytic treatment. The analysis demonstrates the potential for a significant improvement in the system capacity and the average message delay, when compared to a conventional single (undivided) channel system.
Leveraging stored energy for handling power emergencies in aggressively provisioned datacenters (2012)

Datacenters spend $10-25 per watt in provisioning their power infrastructure, regardless of the watts actually consumed. Since peak power needs arise rarely, provisioning power infrastructure for them can be expensive. One can, thus, aggressively under-provision infrastructure assuming that simultaneous peak draw across all equipment will happen rarely. The resulting non-zero probability of emergency events where power needs exceed provisioned capacity, however small, mandates graceful reaction mechanisms to cap the power draw instead of leaving it to disruptive circuit breakers/fuses. Existing strategies for power capping use temporal knobs local to a server that throttle the rate of execution (using power modes), and/or spatial knobs that redirect/migrate excess load to regions of the datacenter with more power headroom. We show these mechanisms to have performance degrading ramifications, and propose an entirely orthogonal solution that leverages existing UPS batteries to temporarily augment the utility supply during emergencies. We build an experimental prototype to demonstrate such power capping on a cluster of 8 servers, each with an individual battery, and implement several online heuristics in the context of different datacenter workloads to evaluate their effectiveness in handling power emergencies. We show that: (i) our battery-based solution can handle emergencies of short duration on its own, (ii) supplement existing reaction mechanisms to enhance their efficacy for longer emergencies, and (iii) battery even provide feasible options when other knobs do not suffice.
Personalized Pharmacotherpy after Liver Transplantation - the GRAFTT Trial to Control Tacrolimus Dosing (2012)

Background: Patients after liver transplantation (LTX) frequently receive tacrolimus (TAC) as primary immunosuppression. The starting dose is usually body-weight adjusted despite the fact that TAC is hepatically metabolized and thus depends on the individual graft function. The narrow therapeutic range of TAC requires a careful dosing regime with therapeutic drug monitoring. To decrease the risk of adverse effects due to toxic plasma levels especially renal failure a study protocol was designed for a graft function adapted tacrolimus therapy after LTx (GRAFTT). Methods: Primary data concerning the effects of graft function on TAC pharmacokinetics were provided by a prospective observational study.[1] Patients are assessed by the LiMAx test [2] [in μg/kg/h] to determine quantitative graft function capacity directly after LTX. Previous publications have shown its potential to measure graft function after LTX [3,4]. Consequently the individual TAC dose is determined according to the LiMAx test result. Results: The pilot study has shown, that toxic levels (>20ng/mL) are evident in >40% of patients. The risk of patients with poor graft function had a 50% higher risk of tacrolimus toxicity although daily drug monitoring was applied. Therefore the GRAFTT trial provides defined dosage regimes. Patients with LiMAx < 120 receive 2 x 0.025 mg/kg, with LiMAx 120-240 receive 2 x 0.05 mg/kg and with LiMAx >240 receive 2 x 0.1 mg/kg as starting dose. Conclusion: Personalized pharmacotherapy in LTX might be applied by individual assessment of actual graft function capacity. A suitable tool for this purpose is the LiMAx test that has shown its potential to adapt tacrolimus dosing according to graft function.
Large Scale Density-friendly Graph Decomposition via Convex Programming (2017)

Algorithms for finding dense regions in an input graph have proved to be effective tools in graph mining and data analysis. Recently, Tatti and Gionis [WWW 2015] presented a novel graph decomposition (known as the locally-dense decomposition) that is similar to the well-known k-core decomposition, with the additional property that its components are arranged in order of their densities. Such a decomposition provides a valuable tool in graph mining. Unfortunately, their algorithm for computing the exact decomposition is based on a maximum-flow algorithm which cannot scale to massive graphs, while the approximate decomposition defined by the same authors misses several interesting properties. This calls for scalable algorithms for computing such a decomposition. In our work, we devise an efficient algorithm which is able to compute exact locally-dense decompositions in real-world graphs containing up to billions of edges. Moreover, we provide a new definition of approximate locally-dense decomposition which retains most of the properties of an exact decomposition, for which we devise an algorithm that can scale to real-world graphs containing up to tens of billions of edges. Our algorithm is based on the classic Frank-Wolfe algorithm which is similar to gradient descent and can be efficiently implemented in most of the modern architectures dealing with massive graphs. We provide a rigorous study of our algorithms and their convergence rates. We conduct an extensive experimental evaluation on multi-core architectures showing that our algorithms converge much faster in practice than their worst-case analysis. Our algorithm is even more efficient for the more specialized problem of computing a densest subgraph.
Liver X receptor (LXR) as a target for ovarian cancer (2008)

3433 Serum oxidized LDL (oxLDL) is associated with increased ovarian cancer risk. OxLDL may also be elevated in the serum of obese individuals and we recently reported outcomes data from 216 ovarian cancer patients demonstrating that obesity was associated with reduced survival. To define the underlying mechanism for these observations, this study investigates targeting of liver X receptor (LXR) as a means to reverse proliferation of ovarian cancer cells mediated by ox-LDL. Serum oxLDL is regulated upon its binding scavenger receptors (CD36 & SRA), mediating oxLDL cell entry by receptor mediated endocytosis. Upon entering the cell oxLDL activates LXR nuclear receptors resulting in expression of ATP binding cassette transporter (ABCA1) leading to cholesterol efflux to HDL and subsequent reduction of LDL synthesis by the liver. Activation of LXR by synthetic nonsteroidal LXR ligands elicits the same response in mouse models, reducing atherosclerosis and other oxLDL-related disorders. We hypothesized that oxLDL is directly mitogenic to ovarian carcinoma cells and that LXR agonist can inhibit oxLDL mediated proliferation. Ovarian carcinoma cell lines CAOV3, OVCAR3 and SKOV3 were cultured as indicated and MTT proliferation assays were conducted. Expression of cell surface receptors was assessed by immunoblotting. Proliferation of each of the cell lines was significantly increased by oxLDL, but LDL had no mitogenic effect. A dose-dependent increase in cellular proliferation was seen with increasing oxLDL concentration. LXR synthetic ligand TO901317 doses between 10-50 ng/ml significantly inhibited the proliferation of all three cell lines. Growth stimulated by 25 μg/ml oxLDL was also reversed with the addition of 50 ng/ml TO901317. OxLDL also reduced the inhibitory effect of cisplatin for CAOV3 cells. We confirmed that each of the cell lines expressed CD36. We also showed that media conditioned on adipose cells was mitogenic to ovarian carcinoma cells. We conclude that LXR agonists may be effective for treating ovarian cancer based on dual roles of lowering LDL synthesis by the liver and directly effecting the inhibition of ovarian cancer cell proliferation.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS (1978)

ABSTRACT A case of a seven year old boy with lymphomatoid papulosis is presented in terms of (a) clinical and histopathological distinction from pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA), and (b) immunohistochemical and electron microscopic characterization of infiltrating cells in skin lesions. Our case showed recurrent episodes of high fever and skin eruptions similar to those seen in the ulceronecrotic form of PLEVA for three years. However, the case has been differentiated from PLEVA by showing (a) recurrent episodes of skin eruptions, (b) spontaneous remission of these eruptions, (c) presence of numerous eosinophils in the infiltrates, (d) dense aggregation of atypical lymphohistiocytic cells with the membrane marker of T‐lymphocytes, and (e) various, ultrastructural features similar to those seen in lymphoblastogenesis. Our immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies suggest that the infiltrating cells in lymphomatoid papulosis are primarily derived from variants of T‐lymphocytes which are in the process of reactive lymphocytic hyperplasia.
A Note on BIBO Stability (2020)

The statements on the BIBO stability of continuous-time convolution systems found in engineering textbooks are often either too vague (because of lack of hypotheses) or mathematically incorrect. What is more troubling is that they usually exclude the identity operator. The purpose of this note is to clarify the issue while presenting some fixes. In particular, we show that a linear shift-invariant system is BIBO-stable in the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> -sense if and only if its impulse response is included in the space of bounded Radon measures, which is a superset of L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> (R) (Lebesgue's space of absolutely integrable functions). As we restrict the scope of this characterization to the convolution operators whose impulse response is a measurable function, we recover the classical statement.
Calendar (2010)

Desktop calendar applications can be very useful for people who are always at their desk, and most of these can be synchronized with smaller applications for your cell phone or Smart Phone. Calendar applications are proficient time management and productivity tools. Google Applications offer Google Calendar as an alternative to many commercially available calendar applications including Microsoft Outlook and Lotus Notes. Google Calendar is a robust and reliable online calendar. One of the advantages to Google Calendar is that it is a web-based application. Wherever you go, as long as you have an Internet connection, you have access to your Google Calendar. You don't need to sync if your device has access to the Internet through a browser, though Google Calendar can be synched with a number of devices and calendar applications on these devices. As the data for Google Calendar is stored in the cloud, your data is in one place so you are protected from faults, therefore your calendar is always accessible.KeywordsMobile PhoneTime SlotTime ZonePublic HolidayEditing EventThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.