gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UV spectral irradiance monitoring during the 1988 and 1989 Antarctic ozone holes (1990)

UV spectral irradiance incident at the United States bases at McMurdo, Palmer, and the South Pole, in Antarctica, and at an Argentina Laboratory in Ushuaia is being routinely monitored by the NSF UV Spectroradiometer Network. Coverage includes the 1988 and 1989 ozone hole seasons and show marked differences between these two years. Many different methods of assessing UV irradiance or exposure are found in the literature. The degree of contrast between the 1988 and 1989 seasons varies widely depending upon the UV assessment method chosen. Data will be presented describing how different assessment methods present this time series.
Pressure-Transient Test Design in Dual-Porosity Tight Gas Formations (2008)

Abstract The existence of natural fractures and their effects on the wellbore storage vanishing time and the onset of the outer boundary in a tight gas reservoir are examined. The so called pre- and post-fracture test design is used for both linear and radial flow type to investigate the effect of different values of ω and λf on the time needed for the wellbore storage to disappear and for the outer boundary to be reached. It was found that for a constant hydraulic fracture conductivity, decreasing the ω value causes the wellbore storage to vanish earlier. Conversely, increasing the value of λf, with omega constant, causes the wellbore storage to vanish earlier. These changes have no effect on the time to reach outer boundary, which can be sealed or at constant pressure. Commercial production from a tight gas reservoir seems to be a function of effectiveness of the natural fractures, and the hydraulic fractures. Applying the concept of dual porosity behaviour to a tight gas reservoir, as opposed to the single porosity behaviour that is considered by several other researchers, seems to be a promising idea for better understanding of these reservoirs.
A low-molecular-size LM2 allergen in mite, Dermatophagoides farinae, extracts containing feces which elicits conjunctival reactions in patients with bronchial asthma. (1994)

A low-molecular-size antigen, LM2, which possesses a significant activity to elicit histamine release, was isolated from an ultrafilterable (Mr-cutoff < 10k) fraction of a mite extract containing feces by consecutive chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 54 and Sephadex G-25. The isolated antigen was still heterogeneous glycoproteins, giving a smeary band around pI 3-5 on an Ampholine PAG plate, with molecular weights of 6-8k and 4k on SDS-PAGE and Sephadex G-50 gel filtration, respectively. Chemical treatments of the antigen suggested that the epitope responsible for the elicitation of histamine release resided in the protein moiety. The antigen had activities to provoke conjunctival congestion and histamine release in mite-allergic patients, but not immunogenicity by itself. The antigen competitively inhibited the reactions of HM1, HM2, and HM3 fractions to corresponding antisera, but did not cross-react with anti-Der f I or anti-Der f II sera.
Muscle aging is associated with compromised Ca2+ spark signaling and segregated intracellular Ca2+ release (2006)

Reduced homeostatic capacity for intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) movement may underlie the progression of sarcopenia and contractile dysfunction during muscle aging. We report two alterations to Ca2+ homeostasis in skeletal muscle that are associated with aging. Ca2+ sparks, which are the elemental units of Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, are silent under resting conditions in young muscle, yet activate in a dynamic manner upon deformation of membrane structures. The dynamic nature of Ca2+ sparks appears to be lost in aged skeletal muscle. Using repetitive voltage stimulation on isolated muscle preparations, we identify a segregated [Ca2+]i reserve that uncouples from the normal excitation-contraction process in aged skeletal muscle. Similar phenotypes are observed in adolescent muscle null for a synaptophysin-family protein named mitsugumin-29 (MG29) that is involved in maintenance of muscle membrane ultrastructure and Ca2+ signaling. This finding, coupled with decreased expression of MG29 in aged skeletal muscle, suggests that MG29 expression is important in maintaining skeletal muscle Ca2+ homeostasis during aging.
[Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for vaginal reconstruction]. (2006)

Despite technical difficulties in elevating the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap, the flap is a good choice for vaginal reconstruction.
Target Tracking And Energy Optimization Based On Dynamic Clusters Mechanism In WSN (2017)

In order to reduce the entire network sensor node energy consumption, this text gives an algorithm to track the target effectively and to reduce the energy using the uniform speed and variable speed motion target tracking in Wireless sensor networks as the background. In addition, in order to ensure the accuracy, dynamic members of the cluster nodes using the maximum likelihood to calculate and track the target. Detection radius of sensor node classification to reduce the energy consumption of the entire network. Simulation results show that the algorithm can achieve the accuracy of target tracking and optimize of the network energy consumption. This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications.
Low-cost and Retrofittable Pose Estimation of Rigid Objects Using Infrared Markers (2018)

We present a system for the 6-DOF pose estimation of rigid objects which can be used for tool tracking in manual manufacturing applications like quality assurance or assembly assistance. To be practical and widely adaptable, the system must be low-cost, passive, impact resistant, retrofittable and applicable to arbitrary rigid objects. Therefore we attach circular markers of retroreflective self-adhesive film to relevant objects. A stereo camera system with IR illumination tracks the 3D positions of these markers and uses known marker constellations to estimate the object pose. Additionally a simple teach-in procedure which learns marker constellations of new objects is presented.
A direct action of human calcitonin gene-related peptide on isolated osteoclasts (1987)

The calcitonin gene encodes a small family of peptides: calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and katacalcin. Whereas calcitonin is concerned with skeletal maintenance, the function, if any, of katacalcin is still unknown. In the present study we have assessed resorption of human cortical bone substrate by isolated rat osteoclasts and have shown that CGRP acts directly on the osteoclast to inhibit bone resorption. The three CGRP peptides (rat, human(alpha) and human(beta) caused an almost equivalent decrease in osteoclastic bone resorption and were approximately 1000-fold less potent than human calcitonin in this respect. The responses of human calcitonin and human CGRP(alpha) were additive. Furthermore, prior treatment with trypsin to destroy receptors abolished the responsiveness of osteoclasts to CGRP and calcitonin. The carboxyl- and amino-terminal fragments of CGRP were found not to inhibit bone resorption, suggesting that the whole molecule of CGRP is necessary for biological activity. We have therefore suggested that the calcitonin-like effects of CGRP, seen both in vivo in the rat bioassay and in vitro in organ cultures, are due to the direct action of CGRP on the osteoclast, probably mediated through the calcitonin receptor. Though it is unlikely that CGRP is involved in the regulation of plasma calcium, the peptide may be an important local regulator of bone cell function.
Iminium carbonic acid derivative salts. IX. Synthesis of N,S‐containing heterobicycles from N‐protected 2‐methylthio‐1,3‐thiazinium and 2‐methylthiothiazolium salts part 1. Preparation of N‐protected 2‐methylthio‐1,3‐thiazinium and 2‐methylthiothiazolium salts and their reaction with CH‐acidic compounds (1996)

Abstract N ‐Boc‐protected 1,3‐thiazine‐2‐thiones and thiazolidin‐2‐thiones were transformed into the corresponding 2‐methylthio‐1,3‐thiazinium and 2‐methylthiothiazolium salts by methyl iodide or trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate. This activated species were reacted with CH‐acidic compounds forming ketene‐ N,S ‐acetals. The protection group was removed with trifluoracetic acid to yield the N ‐unsubstituted ketene‐ N,S ‐acetals.
Luminescence and energy transfer properties of Ca8Gd2(PO4)6O2:A (A = Ce3+/Eu2+/Tb3+/Dy3+/Mn2+) phosphors (2012)

A series of Ca8Gd2(PO4)6O2, (CGPO):A (A = Ce3+, Eu2+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Mn2+, and their combination), phosphors with the oxyapatite structure have been prepared via a Pechini-type sol–gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra, absolute quantum yield and lifetimes were utilized to characterize the samples. Under UV and low voltage electron beam excitation, the Ce3+ ion, as a sensitizer, can transfer its energy to other activators (Eu2+, Tb3+, Dy3+, and Mn2+) in the CGPO:Ce3+, Eu2+/Tb3+/Dy3+/Mn2+ system. The energy transfer from Ce3+ to Eu2+ and Tb3+ has been demonstrated to be a resonant type, via a dipole–dipole and dipole–quadrupole mechanism, respectively, and the critical distances are calculated to be 28.70 and 12.60 Å, respectively. The absolute quantum yields of the Ce3+ and Eu2+ coactivated CGPO phosphors are enhanced with respect to those of the Eu2+ singly activated samples via energy transfer. Under the excitation of a low voltage electron beam, the emitting colors of CGPO:Ce3+/Tb3+/Dy3+/Mn2+ samples can be adjusted from blue to green, and from blue to white to yellow-green by control of the contents of Ce3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, and Mn2+. The CL properties have been investigated in detail, and the results indicate that the as-prepared Ca8Gd2(PO4)6O2:A (A = Ce3+/Eu2+/Tb3+/Dy3+/Mn2+) samples have good CL intensity and CIE coordinate stability with a wide color-tunable emission. Based on the good PL and CL properties and the varied hues of the CGPO host by adjusting the concentration of the activators (Ce3+/Eu2+/Tb3+/Dy3+/Mn2+), CGPO might be promising as a host material for use in solid-state lighting and display fields.
Antenatal Glucocorticoid Treatment and Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia in Very Premature Infants (1999)

Antenatal exposure to betamethasone but not dexamethasone is associated with a decreased risk of cystic periventricular leukomalacia among very premature infants.
Enhanced Transgene Expression in Quiescent and Activated Human CD8 + T Cells (2004)

The level of expression of retroviral vector-encoded proteins in T cells, decreasing during periods of quiescence, could be an obstacle to their clinical utility. To identify promoter systems that could increase the strength and persistence of transgene expression in primary human CD8(+) T cells, we designed a panel of Moloney retroviral vectors to express a destabilized enhanced green fluorescent protein (d4EGFP) reporter protein (t(1/2) = 4 hr). We found that the promoters phosphoglycerate kinase (Pgk), beta-actin, and long terminal repeat (LTR) produced the highest levels of d4EGFP expression in proliferating T cells, but that expression dramatically declined in quiescent cells with all promoters. To improve gene expression, we examined the effect of the beta-interferon (IFN) scaffold attachment region (SAR). This SAR augmented expression from mammalian promoters in cycling T cells, but had a small effect on maintenance of expression in resting T cells. However, when the SAR was combined with the LTR promoter, it significantly enhanced expression in resting and cycling cells. These data support use of the IFN-beta SAR with the LTR in Moloney retroviral vectors to help sustain gene expression in resting primary human CD8(+) T cells and to enhance gene expression in activated T cells.
[The G990T mutation of the FRMD7 gene in a Chinese family with congenital idiopathic nystagmus]. (2008)

Congenital nystagmus is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous ocular movement disease. The mutation of G990T of the FRMD7 gene is the underlying molecular pathogenesis for this family with congenital nystagmus.
UVC optoelectronics based on AlGaN on AlN single crystal substrates (2022)

In this work, we report on recent advances in UVC emitters and detectors based on AlGaN on single crystal AlN substrates. We perform point defect management via chemical potential control and extended defect management via growth on low threading dislocation density single crystal AlN substrates and demonstrate reliable UVC LEDs at high power densities (>40 Wcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> ) on transparent AlN substrates and high gain (>300000) solar blind avalanche photodiodes with high quantum efficiency (>70%) and near ideal breakdown fields. We also report a comparison with devices on foreign substrates (sapphire) with those on native AlN substrates revealing a general improvement in performance by orders of magnitude.
Chemokines direct endothelial progenitors into tumor neovessels (2005)

Tumor neovasculature substantially derives from sprouting of existing vessels, whereas the functional contribution of bone marrow-derived progenitors to neovessels remains controversial. We used transgenic mouse models of multistep carcinogenesis to monitor incorporation of bone marrow-derived cells into the neovasculature and to elucidate mechanisms of endothelial precursor cell (EPC) recruitment into the tumor microenvironment. We unequivocally demonstrate integration of bone marrow cells into the tumor vasculature as a late event in carcinogenesis that temporally correlates with VEGF release by the tumor and mobilization of circulating EPC in the periphery. Moreover, we demonstrate a chemokine-dependent mechanism of EPC homing into tumor, whereby neovessels of late-stage tumors release a battery of CC chemokines, which direct CCR2(+) and CCR5(+) progenitors into the vasculature. Thus, we show that tumor vessels promote their own growth and development in a self-amplifying fashion.
Watermarking Video Clips with Workload Information for DVS (2008)

We present a lightweight scheme for watermarking or annotating video clips with information describing the workload that would be incurred while decoding the clip. This information can be used at run time to scale the operating voltage/frequency of the processor on which the video clip is to be decoded. Our main contribution is a fast, low-cost bitstream analysis technique for estimating the decoding workload of a video clip. Using this technique the workload information can be inserted into a clip while it is being downloaded onto a battery-powered portable device from a desktop computer or a server, for later playback. In contrast to control-theoretic feedback techniques that have been traditionally used for predicting video decoding workload at runtime for dynamic voltage/frequency scaling, we show that our scheme performs better in terms of energy savings and has significantly lower buffer requirements.
Why to decouple the uplink and downlink in cellular networks and how to do it (2016)

Ever since the inception of mobile telephony, the downlink and uplink of cellular networks have been coupled, that is, mobile terminals have been constrained to associate with the same base station in both the downlink and uplink directions. New trends in network densification and mobile data usage increase the drawbacks of this constraint, and suggest that it should be revisited. In this article we identify and explain five key arguments in favor of downlink/uplink decoupling based on a blend of theoretical, experimental, and architectural insights. We then overview the changes needed in current LTE-A mobile systems to enable this decoupling, and then look ahead to fifth generation cellular standards. We demonstrate that decoupling can lead to significant gains in network throughput, outage, and power consumption at a much lower cost compared to other solutions that provide comparable or lower gains.
Traffic routing algorithm for serial superchip system customisation (1990)

A traffic routing algorithm is presented for system customisation of the serial superchip architecture [1, 2]. In modern signal processing and scientific computation, system reconfigurability is highly desired to achieve dynamic reconfiguration during system operation and static reconfiguration. For example, for defect/fault tolerance before system operation. The superchip architecture is aimed at achieving both dynamic and static reconfigurability. The algorithm introduced here is intended to help system designers customise a superchip (which may be partially good) at the systems level. The algorithm will optimally search for traffic routes according to the connectivity information extracted from system specification, while avoiding defective elements on the chip.
On the effects of multiple beacons on localization for wireless sensor networks (2008)

This paper concerns the simulation-based investigation of two localization protocols for wireless sensor networks, namely, RBC and MEC <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . In particular, for these two range-based protocols, that use information on inter-nodal distance and angle of arrival, we demonstrate their effectiveness in producing accurate localization as well as in containing the propagation of the localization error as the localization process progresses away from the beacon (i.e., from the node that knows its exact location). Our aim here is threefold. We demonstrate the advantages of jointly using range and AoA for increasing localization accuracy. We show the effects of deploying multiple beacons on localization accuracy, and we quantify the improvements. We finally show the differences and possible improvements of manual beacon placement vs. scattering the beacons randomly among the network nodes.
Microstructure and bulk reactivity of the nonevaporable getter Zr57V36Fe7 (1998)

We report on a structural investigation of the zirconium-based ternary alloy getter “St 707” (from SAES Getters, Milan, Italy) based on in situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements at high temperature in inert gas atmosphere accompanied by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) investigations. The XRD together with SEM-EDX confirms that the getter is biphasic before as well as after activation. Hexagonal Zr and the cubic Laves phase Zr(V1−xFex)2 with a narrow compositional range (0.16⩽×⩽0.18) coexist in this material. Upon heating, the in situ XRD shows a gradual decrease in the crystallinity of the Laves phase, which is attributed to its disintegration into small particles. DSC measurements under moist Ar exhibit an exothermic irreversible transition at ≈ 675 K which is associated with chemical bulk reactions and indicative of the gettering process. The operation of the gettering process during activation was verified by TGA measurements. It is concluded that the gettering process is correlated with the disintegration of the Laves phase. The sorption kinetics of water vapor were studied at 355 K over a pressure range of 101–102 Pa using a barometric technique. A change in the rate determining step is detected from an initial diffusion-controlled step to surface adsorption after some sorption cycles.
[Multiconceptual therapy in Alzheimer's disease]. (2000)

SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL IMPACT: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative dementia raising major public health concern in industrialized countries. The consequences are not only medical but also social and economical.It is thus important to establish diagnostic principles, therapeutic goals, and global strategies guiding the behavior of physicians, family and patients faced with this dreaded disease. Currently, only a few rare symptomatic treatments are available, but research in this field points to potentially effective preventive and etiopathogentic therapeutic protocols associating drugs, social support, and psychotherapy.
Experimental generation of &#x201C;Schr&#x00F6;dinger kitten&#x201D; states of free-propagating light (2006)

We generated ldquoSchrodinger kittenrdquo states, defined as quantum superpositions of small coherent states, by conditional photon subtraction from squeezed light pulses. They present negative Wigner functions and are suitable for quantum information processing.
Efficacies of liposome-encapsulated streptomycin and ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex infections in human peripheral blood monocyte/macrophages (1992)

Current treatments of disseminated infection caused by the Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex (MAC) are generally ineffective. Liposome-mediated delivery of antibiotics to MAC-infected tissues in vivo can enhance the efficacy of the drugs (N. Düzgüneş, V. K. Perumal, L. Kesavalu, J. A. Goldstein, R. J. Debs, and P. R. J. Gangadharam, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 32:1404-1411, 1988; N. Düzgüneş, D. A. Ashtekar, D. L. Flasher, N. Ghori, R. J. Debs, D. S. Friend, and P. R. J. Gangadharam, J. Infect. Dis. 164:143-151, 1991). We investigated the therapeutic efficacies of liposome-encapsulated streptomycin and ciprofloxacin against growth of the MAC inside human peripheral blood monocyte/macrophages. Treatment was initiated 24 h after infection of macrophages with the MAC and stopped after 20 h, and the cells were incubated for another 7 days. The antimycobacterial activity of streptomycin was enhanced when the drug was delivered to macrophages in liposome-encapsulated form, reducing the CFU about threefold more than the free drug did throughout the concentration range studied (10 to 50 micrograms/ml). With 50 micrograms of encapsulated streptomycin per ml, the CFU were reduced to 11% of the initial level of infection. Liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin was at least 50 times more effective against the intracellular bacteria than was the free drug: at a concentration of 0.1 microgram/ml, liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin had greater antimycobacterial activity than the free drug at 5 microgram/ml. With liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin at 5 micrograms/ml, the CFU were reduced by more than 1,000-fold at the end of the 7-day incubation period, compared with untreated controls. These results suggest that liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones may be effective against MAC infections in vivo.
Information and Communication Technology and Electric Vehicles — Paving the Way towards a Smart Community (2012)

A smart community can be considered an essential component to realize a sustainable, low-carbon, and disaster-tolerant society, thereby providing a base for community inhabitants to lead a simple, healthy, and energy-saving way of life as well as ensuring safety, security, and a high quality-of-life in the community. In particular, a smart community can be essential for senior citizens in an aging society. Smart community enablers such as information and communication technology (ICT) and electric vehicles (EVs) can perform essential roles to realize a smart community. With regard to ICT, the necessity of a dedicated wireless sensor backbone has been identified. With regard to EV, a small-sized EV with one or two seats (Mini-EV) has been identified as an emerging player to support personal daily mobility in an aged society. The Mini-EV may be powered by a solar battery, thereby mitigating vehicular maintenance burden for the elderly. It is essential to realize a dependable ICT network and communication service for a smart community. In the study, we present the concept of trans-locatable design to achieve this goal. The two possible roles of EVs in contributing to a dependable ICT network are highlighted; these include EV charging of the batteries of the base stations in the network, and the creation of a Mini-EV based ad-hoc network that can enable applications such as safe driving assistance and secure neighborhoods.