gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient G(sup 4)FET-Based Logic Circuits (2008)

A total of 81 optimal logic circuits based on four-gate field-effect transistors (G(sup 4)4FETs) have been designed to implement all Boolean functions of up to three variables. The purpose of this development was to lend credence to the expectation that logic circuits based on G(sup 4)FETs could be more efficient (in the sense that they could contain fewer transistors), relative to functionally equivalent logic circuits based on conventional transistors. A G(sup 4)FET a combination of a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) and a metal oxide/semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) superimposed in a single silicon island and can therefore be regarded as two transistors sharing the same body. A G(sup 4)FET can also be regarded as a single device having four gates: two side junction-based gates, a top MOS gate, and a back gate activated by biasing of a silicon-on-insulator substrate. Each of these gates can be used to control the conduction characteristics of the transistor; this possibility creates new options for designing analog, radio-frequency, mixed-signal, and digital circuitry. One such option is to design a G(sup 4)FET to function as a three-input NOT-majority gate, which has been shown to be a universal and programmable logic gate. Optimal NOT-majority-gate, G(sup 4)FET-based logic-circuit designs were obtained in a comparative study that also included formulation of functionally equivalent logic circuits based on NOR and NAND gates implemented by use of conventional transistors. In the study, the problem of finding the optimal design for each logic function and each transistor type was solved as an integer-programming optimization problem. Considering all 81 non-equivalent Boolean functions included in the study, it was found that in 63% of the cases, fewer logic gates (and, hence, fewer transistors) would be needed in the G(sup 4)FET-based implementations.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Evidence for Efficacy of New Hsp90 Inhibitors Revealed by <i>Ex Vivo</i> Culture of Human Prostate Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 381KB, Representative images from live cell imaging of PC-3 prostate cancer cells cultured in medium containing vehicle, AUY922 or HSP990 for 24 hours using the Incucyte� Plus (Bucher Biotech, Basel Switzerland). Bar = 30�m.&lt;/p&gt;
Investigating the association between photosynthetic efficiency and generation of biophotoelectricity in autotrophic microbial fuel cells (2016)

Microbial fuel cells operating with autotrophic microorganisms are known as biophotovoltaic devices. It represents a great opportunity for environmentally-friendly power generation using the energy of the sunlight. The efficiency of electricity generation in this novel system is however low. This is partially reflected by the poor understanding of the bioelectrochemical mechanisms behind the electron transfer from these microorganisms to the electrode surface. In this work, we propose a combination of electrochemical and fluorescence techniques, giving emphasis to the pulse amplitude modulation fluorescence. The combination of these two techniques allow us to obtain information that can assist in understanding the electrical response obtained from the generation of electricity through the intrinsic properties related to the photosynthetic efficiency that can be obtained from the fluorescence emitted. These were achieved quantitatively by means of observed changes in four photosynthetic parameters with the bioanode generating electricity. These are the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), alpha (α), light saturation coefficient (Ek) and maximum rate of electron transfer (rETRm). The relationship between the increases in the current density collected by the bioanode to the decrease of the rETRm values in the photosynthetic pathway for the two microorganisms was also discussed.
The Domain Help System (DHS) (1999)

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 6 WHY A DOMAIN HELP SYSTEM........................................................ 7 VERSIONS AND PROTOTYPE OF THE DHS ...................................... 8 The First Steps Toward a DHS ..................................................................8 The First DHS Version ......................................................................... 10 The Second DHS Version....................................................................... 12 The Third DHS Version......................................................................... 13 How the Third DHS Version Works .......................................................... 14 ANALYSES OF THE CASE STUDIES................................................16 Overview........................................................................................... 16 General Aspects of Communication in the Domains ......
Subtle Crossover from C−H···O to SO···CO Short Contacts in the Association of Diastereomers of 2,4(6)-Di-O-benzoyl-6(4)-O-[(1S)-10-camphorsulfonyl]-myo-inositol 1,3,5-Orthoformate upon Formation of Pseudopolymorphs (2006)

Diastereomers of 2,4(6)-di-O-benzoyl-6(4)-O-[(1S)-10-camphorsulfonyl]-myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoformate associate via weak interactions to form “head-to-head” dimers in their crystals. Molecular association through C−H···O short contacts do not leave any void for the guest inclusion, while association through SO···CO bridging produces pseudopolymorphs. Three crystalline modifications are observed for the title compound: form I, monoclinic P21, without any guest solvent, and solvated forms II and III, that belong to monoclinic space groups P21 and C2, respectively. A majority of solvates, which include pyridine, dichloromethane, benzene, tetrahydrofuran, and cyclohexanone as guests, belong to form III. All these guests have 2-fold symmetry axes (C2) with their electron count within 40−62 electrons; guest selectivity experiments indicate that planar aromatic guests (pyridine, benzene) bind better to the host molecules as compared to nonplanar guests (dioxane, cyclohexanone). The molecular packing that is created thorough channels in the crystal (avoiding interpenetration of the layers) are of interest because of their potential application in molecular separation by forming selective inclusions. The diastereomeric association via SO···CO dipolar short contacts, a consistent feature observed in all the solvates, is thought to have relevance in the binding of sulfonyl drugs to the CO moieties of the receptor proteins.
P80 EARLY TREND IN FAILURES DUE TO FRACTURE NECK OF FEMUR IN BIRMINGHAM RESURFACING HIP ARTHROPLASTY: MINIMUM OF FIVE YEARS FOLLOW-UP RESULTS FROM AN INDEPENDENT OUTCOME CENTRE (2008)

The Trent arthroplasty register reported that results of Hip arthroplasty in general setup were less than that reported from specialist centres by 5%. This independent prospective study tests the hypothesis that results of Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) arthroplasty from pioneering centres would not accurately represent the outcome of hip resurfacing when performed in general setup. All patients were prospectively followed for at least five years at Oswestry Hip outcome centre. The surgeons carrying out the operation prospectively provided surgical details and thereafter patients were followed using Oswestry hip questionnaire (OSHIP) at fixed intervals. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results were compared to the published results of BHR from specialist centres. There were 679 patients, and 58 surgeons in the study. Mean age at operation was 51 years and mean follow up was 5.63 years. The predominant preopera-tive diagnosis was Osteoarthritis. Mean OSHIP score was 89.5. There were 29 (4.2%) failures mostly due to fracture neck of femur (34%). Out of 14 failures in the first year, 9 (64%) were due to fracture neck of femur. The Kaplan-Meier survival up to eight years is 95.354% in the current study. Compared to the published results, there were 2 to 19 times high failure rate which is significantly higher (p=0.001) than the published studies. Most of the early failures were due to fracture neck of femur in the first year. Hence we prove our hypothesis, as the results of BHR from specialist centres do not accurately reflect on the outcome in general setup. The discrepancy in the results is mostly due to fracture neck of femur in the early postoperative time. The results of this study will enhance awareness of the early trend in failures. Appropriate patient selection and meticulous surgical technique will help avoid this complication in the general setup, where most of the patients get benefited from BHR arthroplasty.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversal of Facial Selectivity in the Kinetic Resolution of Olefin via Asymmetric Dihydroxylation (AD) Reaction: Synthesis of Optically Active (‐)‐Mintlactone and (+)‐Isomintlactone by AD Reaction from Intrinsically Disfavored Diastereoface of Alkene. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
AnAnalysis and Comparison ofEnergy Direction Finding Systems (1979)

Direction finding systemsthatuse knowledge ofonlytheapproximate centerfrequency andbandwidth ofthearriving signal andperform theazimuthestimate using thesignal energy azimuthal distribution areofwidespread interest. Inthispaper, a variety ofsuchsystemsareconsidered. Theirperformances areanalyzed andcompared toeachotherandtoa baseline optimal system.Particular attention isgiventosystems thatwill perform wellagainst widebandsignals ina lowsignal-to-noise environment.
Effects of Alcohol on Tumor Growth, Metastasis, Immune Response, and Host Survival (2015)

Most research involving alcohol and cancer concerns the relationship between alcohol consumption and cancer risk and the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. This review relates the amount and duration of alcohol intake in humans and in animal models of cancer to tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, immune response, and host survival in specific types and subtypes of cancer. Research on the influence of alcohol drinking on human cancer patients is limited. Although there is more information in animal models of cancer, many aspects still are ill defined. More research is needed to define the mechanisms that underlie the role of alcohol on cancer progression in both animals and humans. Activation of the immune system can play a positive role in keeping cancer under control, but this also can facilitate cancer progression. Additionally, a functional immune system is required for cancer patients to achieve an optimal response to conventional chemotherapy. Insight into the underlying mechanisms of these interactions could lead to effective immunotherapeutic approaches to treat alcoholics with cancer. Defining the epigenetic mechanisms that modulate cancer progression also has great potential for the development of new treatment options not only for treating alcoholics with cancer but also for treating other alcohol-induced diseases.
Noise-immune design of Schmitt trigger logic gate using DTMOS for sub-threshold circuits (2013)

This paper presents several Schmitt trigger logic gates with enhanced noise immunity using variable threshold voltage technique for sub-threshold voltage operation. The proposed logic gates are based on buffer design using dynamic threshold voltage MOS (DTMOS) for low power operation (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> =0.4V). Our solution dramatically improves noise immunity of logic gates with much less switching power consumption and significant area reduction compared with CMOS Schmitt triggers at the expense of slight increase in delay. The proposed noise immune gate design scheme is verified with an example digital circuit.
Fast and sensitive terahertz detection with a current-driven epitaxial-graphene asymmetric dual-grating-gate field-effect transistor structure (2022)

We designed and fabricated an epitaxial-graphene-channel field-effect transistor (EG-FET) featuring an asymmetric dual-grating-gate (ADGG) structure working as a current-driven terahertz detector and experimentally demonstrated a 10 ps-order fast response time and a high responsivity of 0.3 mA/W to 0.95 Terahertz (THz) radiation incidence at room temperature. The ADGG and drain–source bias dependencies of the measured photoresponse showed a clear transition between plasmonic detection under periodic electron density modulation conditions with depleted regions and photothermoelectric (PTE) detection under entirely highly doped conditions without depleted regions. We identified the PTE detection that we observed as a new type of unipolar mechanism in which only electrons or holes contribute to rectifying THz radiation under current-driven conditions. These two detection mechanisms coexisted over a certain wide transcendent range of the applied bias voltages. The temporal photoresponses of the plasmonic and PTE detections were clearly shown to be comparably fast on the order of 10 ps, whereas the maximal photoresponsivity of the PTE detection was almost twice as high as that of the plasmonic detection under applied bias conditions. These results suggest that the ADGG-EG-FET THz detector will be promising for use in 6G- and 7G-class high-speed wireless communication systems.
Iodocyclization of allylic alcohol derivatives containing internal nucleophiles. Control of stereoselectivity by substituents in the acyclic precursors (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIodocyclization of allylic alcohol derivatives containing internal nucleophiles. Control of stereoselectivity by substituents in the acyclic precursorsA. Richard Chamberlin, Milana Dezube, Patrick Dussault, and Mark C. McMillsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 18, 5819–5825Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00356a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00356a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1456Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Accelerating multi-party scheduling for transaction-level modeling (2009)

Transaction-level modeling is an essential component of system-level design. This paper advocates using rendezvous, a construct common to concurrent programming languages, as a theoretical foundation for transactions. Compared to regular function calls, rendezvous are atomic and support multipartiness and parallel composition. However, scheduling multiparty rendezvous is a challenging task due to its NP-hard complexity. This paper describes a heuristic algorithm that significantly reduces the scheduling complexity in practice. It first constructs a relationship graph among rendezvous. It then simplifies the graph and translates it into a decision tree, which assists the scheduler in partitioning and pruning the search space. Our experimental results show that the algorithm is able to improve the efficiency of the scheduler significantly.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms for assessing genetic diversity in castor bean (Ricinus communis) (2010)

Low levels of genetic diversity and mixing of genotypes have led to minimal geographic structuring of castor bean populations worldwide. Relatively few lineages occur and these are widely distributed. Our approach of determining population genetic structure using SNPs from genome-wide comparisons constitutes a framework for high-throughput analyses of genetic diversity in plants, particularly in species with limited genetic diversity.
Spontaneous Anomalous Hall Effect Arising from an Unconventional Compensated Magnetic Phase in a Semiconductor (2023)

The anomalous Hall effect, commonly observed in metallic magnets, has been established to originate from the time-reversal symmetry breaking by an internal macroscopic magnetization in ferromagnets or by a noncollinear magnetic order. Here we observe a spontaneous anomalous Hall signal in the absence of an external magnetic field in an epitaxial film of MnTe, which is a semiconductor with a collinear antiparallel magnetic ordering of Mn moments and a vanishing net magnetization. The anomalous Hall effect arises from an unconventional phase with strong time-reversal symmetry breaking and alternating spin polarization in real-space crystal structure and momentum-space electronic structure. The anisotropic crystal environment of magnetic Mn atoms due to the nonmagnetic Te atoms is essential for establishing the unconventional phase and generating the anomalous Hall effect.
[Effects of glucagon-like peptides on gallbladder motility]. (2018)

As cases of gallbladder-related adverse events have been reported in patients treated with glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists and GLP-2 receptor agonists, studies have investigated the effects of these hormones on the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and gallbladder motility. Results suggest, that bile acids and GLP-2 counteract postprandial cholecystokinin-mediated gallbladder contraction, while GLP-1 may delay gallbladder refilling. This provides important information on the effect and safety of drugs based on GLP-1 and GLP-2, respectively.
Self-Assembled PHMB Titanium Coating Enables Anti-Fusobacterium nucleatum Strategy (2021)

Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is a gram-negative obligate anaerobe bacterium that threatens human periodontal health. It can cause many oral diseases, including periodontitis, gingivitis and peri-implantitis, and even some diseases such as colorectal cancer are related to it. This paper aims to develop a novel and simple surface modification method for anti-Fusobacterium nucleatum on titanium, i.e., the material for implants. In this study, different concentrations (0.0–1.0%) of PHMB were dip-coated on the titanium surface. The surface properties were examined with the aid of Scanning electron microscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the antibacterial property against F. nucleatum was investigated using colony-forming unit. It was found that the PHMB successfully formed a self-assembled coating on the titanium surface and the PHMB-coated titanium had a strong capability of inhibiting F. nucleatum. Even though differences were found among the several concentrations, PHMB exhibited promising results as a simple coating strategy for dental implants.
Expression of neurotrophins and Trk receptors in the avian retina (1996)

Using the RNase protection assay, we have found that nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) are expressed in the avian retina during development. The expression peaks around embryonic days 12–15, with decreasing levels at later stages of development. Abundant levels of NGF and BDNF but low levels of NT-3 mRNA were found in the adult retina. We also found that light/darkness regulated the levels of NGF and BDNF mRNAs but not the levels of NT-3 mRNA in the 5-day-old chicken retina. It was demonstrated that NGF and BDNF mRNA levels were up-regulated by light exposure. The cellular localization of mRNA expression for the neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC in the retina was studied using in situ hybridization. The patterns of NGF and trkA mRNA expression were very similar and were localized to the external part of the inner nuclear layer on the border with the outer plexiform layer and corresponded to the localization of horizontal cells. NT-3 labeling was also found over the external part of the inner nuclear layer, whereas trkC mRNA was found over all layers in the retina. BDNF labeling was found over all layers in the retina, whereas TrkB labeling was intense over cells in the ganglion cell layer, which is in agreement with the response of ganglion cells to BDNF stimulation. Functional neurotrophin receptors were suggested by the response of retinal explants to neurotrophin stimulation. These data indicate that the neurotrophins play local roles in the retina that involve interactions between specific neuronal populations, which were identified by the localization of the Trk receptor expression. The data also suggest that NGF and BDNF expression is regulated by normal neuron usage in the retina. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Correct-ed through construction: a model-based approach to embedded systems reality (2006)

We present a design methodology for specifying embedded systems that addresses the complex nature of embedded systems design. Our approach uses modern model-based techniques to correct specifications as they are constructed, driving the engineer towards a more correct specification. We also present a concrete specification language based on this methodology
Projector optical distortion calibration using Gray code patterns (2010)

A method is presented for correcting optical distortion in data projectors using a single camera and Gray coded structured light patterns. The proposed method assumes that both the camera and projector exhibit significant nonlinear optical distortion and the projection surfaces can be planar or freeform. Calibrated systems produce geometrically correct, extremely short throw projections, while maintaining or exceeding the projection size of a standard configuration. Both qualitative and quantitative tests are run to verify the accuracy of this method and we achieved a throw ratio of 0.5 with an average camera pixel distance error of 1.5.