gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Double-Blind Crossover, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Adenosine A2A Antagonist Theophylline in Parkinson's Disease (2002)

Blockade of the adenosine A2A receptor potentiates the effects of levodopa in experimental animals and may offer a novel nondopaminergic target for drug therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD). Open-label trials suggest that the nonspecific adenosine antagonist theophylline improves parkinsonian symptoms and increases ON time in advanced patients with PD. In a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial, the authors investigated the ability of stable plasma levels of theophylline (between 10-20 microg/mL after 15 days of treatment) to modulate the long-duration response and the short-duration response of levodopa in 10 patients with PD. Although theophylline induced a longer duration of the effect of levodopa in all Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale variables considered, including dyskinesias, maximal levodopa-induced improvement and the duration of the effect of levodopa did not differ significantly from placebo. Only the secondary variable "akinesia" showed a statistical tendency to a more prolonged beneficial response with theophylline during an acute levodopa test (short-duration response), and tremor worsened with theophylline during levodopa withdrawal (long-duration response). No differences were observed during the subacute course of study medication added to levodopa. During this exploratory study, the effects of theophylline were not strong enough to potentiate clearly the antiparkinsonian action of levodopa or to increase ON time in patients with advanced PD.
Independent Photochemical Generation and Reactivity of Nitrogen-Centered Purine Nucleoside Radicals from Hydrazines (2017)

Photochemical precursors that produce dA<sup>•</sup> and dG(N<sub>2</sub>-H)<sup>•</sup> are needed to investigate their reactivity. The synthesis of two 1,1-diphenylhydrazines (1, 2) and their use as photochemical sources of dA<sup>•</sup> and dG(N<sub>2</sub>-H)<sup>•</sup> is presented. Trapping studies indicate production of these radicals with good fidelity, and 1 was incorporated into an oligonucleotide via solid-phase synthesis. Cyclic voltammetric studies show that reduction potentials of 1 and 2 are lower than those of widely used "hole sinks", e.g., 8-oxodGuo and 7-deazadGuo, to investigate DNA-hole transfer processes. These molecules could be useful (a) as sources of dA<sup>•</sup> and dG(N<sub>2</sub>-H)<sup>•</sup> at specific sites in oligonucleotides and (b) as "hole sinks" for the study of DNA-hole transfer processes.
Studies on the biological activity of porcine proinsulin (1970)

The biological activity of purified porcine proinsulin was investigated in rats. In vivo studies revealed that proinsulin produced a hypoglycemic response similar to insulin but of lesser magnitude. Hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized animals proved to be more sensitive to proinsulin than normal. In vitro studies with rat hemidiaphragm were consistent with the in vivo findings. No competition with insulin action could be demonstrated. Experiments were carried out to determine whether proinsulin is converted to intermediate forms or insulin as a requisite to its biological activity. Labeled proinsulin injected in vivo or incubated in vitro remained intact by a variety of techniques (Sephadex column chromatography and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis). An inhibitory action of Kunitz pancreatic trypsin inhibitor on proinsulin action in vitro was confirmed. No clarification of this effect could be ascertained.
Effects of Glufosinate on Anion Uptake in Lemna gibba G 1 (1989)

Abstract The duckweed Lemna gibba G 1 was used as a model to study inhibitory sites with the herbicide and glutamate analogue glufosinate (PPT). Growth and chlorophyll formation were partly inhibited by 25 n-M, completely suppressed by 250 (im PPT. Photosynthesis showed partial inhibition within few hours, dark respiration ( 0 2 consumption) increased already within one hour. In the presence of 1 mM PPT in the light, the ammonium pool of Lemna increased to 600% within few hours, later to 1000%. The overall amino acid pool exhibited a slower increase to 300%, the nitrate pool only a slight increase, while total phosphate remained almost unchanged. In the dark all these effects were less pronounced than in the light. Nitrate, nitrite and phosphate uptake were partially inhibited by PPT, especially after 19 h PPT pretreatment. Nitrate reductase activity in vitro, after PPT treatment in vivo, showed an inhibition similar to that of nitrate uptake. Ammonium was not taken up but released under the same conditions. The data are explained by a combined effect of PPT, by inhibition of glutamine synthetase leading to accumulation of ammonium from photorespiration and proteolysis, by membrane depolarization and inhibition of anion/proton cotransport, by secondary uncoupling of phosphorylation, and by secondary inhibition of nitrate reductase activity.
P5340Pericardiectomy decreases exercise capacity through elimination respiratory suction (2018)

gest that lymphatic system plays an important role in cholesterol metabolism and cardiovascular disease. However, the relationships of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), a central player in lymphangiogenesis, with future cardiovascular events and/or mortality in patients with CKD and suspected CAD are unknown. Methods: The ANOX study is a multicenter, prospective cohort study to determine the predictive value of possible novel biomarkers related to angiogenesis or oxidative stress for major adverse cardiovascular events among patients undergoing elective angiography. Between January 1, 2010 and November 1, 2013, a total of 2,513 patients were enrolled. After excluding 95 patients who were subsequently found ineligible or withdrew consent, and 1,419 patients without CKD, a total of 999 CKD patients were followed up over 3 years. Blood samples were collected from the arterial catheter sheath at the beginning of coronary angiography. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-C, soluble VEGF receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2), and two oxidatively modified LDLs (the 1-antitrypsin/LDL complex and serum-amyloid-A/LDL complex), as well as Nterminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), contemporary sensitive cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), were measured. The outcomes were cardiovascular death, all-cause death, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke. Results: During the 3-year follow-up, 62 (6.2%) patients died from cardiovascular disease, 154 (15.4%) died from any cause, and 97 (9.8%) developed MACE. Among possible novel biomarkers, only the lowest quartile of VEGF-C significantly predicted cardiovascular death (hazard ratio [HR], 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-5.1), all-cause death (HR, 2.2, 95% CI, 1.6-3.1), and MACE (HR, 2.0, 95% CI, 1.3-3.0) after adjustment for established risk factors. Even after incorporation of NT-proBNP (>75th percentile), cTnI (>75th percentile), and hs-CRP (>1.0 mg/L) into a model with established risk factors, the addition of VEGF-C (<25th percentile) further improved the prediction of cardiovascular death (p<0.001 for continuous net reclassification improvement [cNRI] and p<0.01 for integrated discrimination improvement [IDI]) and all-cause death (p<0.001 for cNRI and p<0.01 for IDI), but not that of MACE. Conclusions: A low VEGF-C value independently predicts cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with CKD and suspected CAD.
Predictors of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Efficacy in Melanoma (2015)

In the past decades, the increasing knowledge in cellular immunology and tumor-host immune interactions, led to the development of immunotherapy approaches. Immunotherapy, based on adoptive cell transfer of ex vivo activated and expanded tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs), has shown promising clinical results in patients with metastatic melanoma. TIL therapy yields response rates of around 50% and significant survival benefit in refractory melanoma patients, even after failing other immunotherapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors or cytokine-based therapy. Identifying predictors of TIL efficacy and detection of TIL subsets with specific reactivity against the patient's tumor might be an important milestone toward further improvement of clinical responses and prolonged survival.
Epigenetic Reprogramming by Adenovirus e1a (2008)

Adenovirus e1a induces quiescent human cells to replicate. We found that e1a causes global relocalization of the RB (retinoblastoma) proteins (RB, p130, and p107) and p300/CBP histone acetyltransferases on promoters, the effect of which is to restrict the acetylation of histone 3 lysine-18 (H3K18ac) to a limited set of genes, thereby stimulating cell cycling and inhibiting antiviral responses and cellular differentiation. Soon after expression, e1a binds transiently to promoters of cell cycle and growth genes, causing enrichment of p300/CBP, PCAF (p300/CBP-associated factor), and H3K18ac; depletion of RB proteins; and transcriptional activation. e1a also associates transiently with promoters of antiviral genes, causing enrichment for RB, p130, and H4K16ac; increased nucleosome density; and transcriptional repression. At later times, e1a and p107 bind mainly to promoters of development and differentiation genes, repressing transcription. The temporal order of e1a binding requires its interactions with p300/CBP and RB proteins. Our data uncover a defined epigenetic reprogramming leading to cellular transformation.
Effects of Ocular Decongestants (1980)

Eight widely used commercially available ocular decongestants were compared on the basis of vasoconstrictive effectiveness. The ability of these preparations to counteract histamine-induced erythema and to block its recurrence when rechallenged after one hour was evaluated in six human subjects in seven sessions. All vasoconstrictors tested were effective. No preparation was statistically different from 0.02% naphazoline hydrochloride in vasoconstrictive effect. In fact, this intermediate concentration of naphazoline (0.02%) was found to be significantly better that the other nonprescription decongestant preparations tested as a group and not significantly different from a group of higher concentrations of naphazoline.
Intravaginal cytomegalovirus (CMV) challenge elicits maternal viremia and results in congenital transmission in a guinea pig model (2011)

In the guinea pig model of congenital CMV infection, the ivg route is as efficient at causing congenital infection as the conventional but non-physiologic sc route. This finding could facilitate future experimental evaluation of vaccines and antiviral interventions in this highly relevant animal model.
Rhenium (Re) and technetium (Tc)-99M oxocomplexes of neurotensin(8-13) (1999)

Radio-labelled Neurotensin (NT) analogues have applications as potential tumour imaging agents. In this study, the N2N′S chelator dimethylGly-Ser-Cys (acetomidomethyl)-Gly (RP414) was attached to the N-terminus of four different NT(8-13) analogues. DimethylGly-Ser-Cys(acetoamidomethyl)-Gly (RP414) co-ordinates strongly to MO3+ (M=Tc or Re) making this chelator ideal for labelling NT with either Tc-99m or Re. One step labelling at room temperature with Tc-99m was performed using stannous gluconate at pH 5. Labelling yields >98% were obtained within 1 hour. Re (V) oxo complexes were synthesised in a two-steps synthesis including deprotection of the chelator using mercuric acetate followed by complexation with Re using bisethylenediamino dioxorhenium (V)chloride (ReO2(en)2Cl). All Re(V)oxo-NT analogues showed in vitro half-lives in plasma of between 20 and 30 minutes. Inhibition of the binding of 3H-NT on HT29 colon adeno carcinoma cells yielded Ki values of 1.0 nM for NT(1–13) and 0.8 nM, 5.5 nM and 4.0 nM for the Re(V) oxo complexes of RP414-Arg-Arg-NT(10–13), RP414-Lys-Arg-NT(10–13) and RP414-Lys-Lys-NT(10–13) respectively. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of GaAs Schottky diodes by thin organic interlayers (2005)

Control of the interfacial potential barrier for metal∕n-GaAs diodes has been achieved using thin interlayers of the organic semiconductor, tin phthalocyanine (SnPc). The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics for organic-modified Ag∕S:GaAs diodes indicate a change from rectifying to almost ohmic behavior as the thickness of the SnPc interlayer is increased. Modeling reveals thermionic emission to be the dominant transport mechanisms for all diodes (ideality factors, n&amp;lt;1.3). Unlike other organic interlayers in similar device structures, SnPc reduces the effective barrier height by influencing the space charge region of the GaAs. The change in barrier height deduced from the I–V characteristics [(0.26±0.02)V] is similar to the band-bending measured using core-level photoelectron spectroscopy for SnPc growth on the S-passivated n-GaAs(001) surface [(0.22±0.04)eV] and is much larger than previously reported for other similar systems.
Insulation Properties of Twisted-pair of Polyvinyl Formal Wires with Artificial Pinhole and Thermal Stress in Mineral Oil (2022)

This paper reports insulation properties and lifetime estimation (or V-t characteristics) of twisted-pair made of polyvinyl formal (PVF) wires undergoing thermal stress at 180 °C for two months in mineral oil. Assuming the worst case, an attempt is made to evaluate the insulation performance in PVF wire with artificial pinhole defect using a cross sample in which two simple straight lines of PVF wire crossed each other. Using a pulsed laser, a pinhole simulated defect was fabricated on the surface of PVF wire. The cross sample was prepared in a way that the defective portions faced each other. Measurements of partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) and breakdown voltage (BDV) were performed in mineral oil with a water content of10 to 15 ppm. The same measurement was conducted in air as comparison. The applied voltage rise rate was 100 V/s and 200 V/s at 60 Hz in air and mineral oil, respectively. The threshold for PD detection was 3 pC. Same measurements were also performed for cross samples with sound(normal)-defect and sound(normal)-sound pairs for comparison. We measured PDIV and BDV in mineral oil for each sample configuration, respectively. It was found that the pinhole defect simulated sample with defect-defect facing each other exhibited 60% lower BD voltage in mineral oil than the sound-sound sample, respectively. However, due to the effect of mineral oil, the dielectric strength of the worst case was 3 kV, which was still higher than that of the operating voltage.
Factor XI Antisense Oligonucleotide for Prevention of Venous Thrombosis (2014)

This study showed that factor XI contributes to postoperative venous thromboembolism; reducing factor XI levels in patients undergoing elective primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty was an effective method for its prevention and appeared to be safe with respect to the risk of bleeding. (Funded by Isis Pharmaceuticals; FXI-ASO TKA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01713361.).
A single dose of ranitidine 150 mg modulates oesophageal acid sensitivity in patients with functional heartburn (2004)

Ranitidine significantly decreased oesophageal sensitivity to acid. Failure of ranitidine to improve balloon sensory parameters supports existence of multiple sensory pathways in the oesophagus.
Logic as Programming (1992)

Starting from a general dynamic analysis of reasoning and programming, we develop two main dynamic perspectives upon logic programming. First, the standard fixed point semantics for Horn clause programs naturally supports imperative programming styles. Next, we provide axiomatizations for Prolog-type inference engines using calculi of sequents employing modified versions of standard structural rules such as monotonicity or permutation. Finally, we discuss the implications of all this for a broader enterprise of ‘abstract proof theory’.
Gauss sums for U(2n, q2) (1998)

Abstract For a lifted nontrivial additive character λ' and a multiplicative character λ of the finite field with q 2 elements, the “Gauss” sums Σ λ'(trg) over g ∈SU(2n, q 2 ) and Σ λ (detg)λ'(trg) over g ∈ U(2n, q 2 ) are considered. We show that the first sum is a polynomial in q with coefficients involving averages of “bihyperkloosterman sums” and that the second one is a polynomial in q with coefficients involving powers of the usual twisted Kloosterman sums. As a consequence, we can determine certain “generalized Kloosterman sums over nonsingular Hermitian matrices”, which were previously determined by J. H. Hodges only in the case that one of the two arguments is zero.
A Periodontal Probe That Measures to One Tenth Millimeter (1980)

A periodontal probe has been developed which utilizes a vernier gauge to permit direct measurement to one-tenth millimeter. This configuration eliminates the need for multiple step measurements using stents or calipers. The probe can be sterilized easily to make measurements during surgical procedures. The probe should prove useful in clinical research, minor tooth movement and patient treatment documentation.
Co-integrated Subthermionic 2D/2D WSe 2 /SnSe 2 Vertical Tunnel FET and WSe 2 MOSFET on same flake: towards a 2D/2D vdW Dual-Transport Steep Slope FET (2019)

In this work we report the fabrication, co-integration and resulting performance of 2D/2D van der Waals (vdW) Vertical p-type Tunnel FETs and p-MOSFETs in a WSe 2 /SnSe 2 material system. We demonstrate the best ever reported combined performance in terms of subthermionic subthreshold swing (point swing less than 35 mV/dec and average swing smaller than 50 mV/dec over 1.5 decade at V DS from 300 mV to 700mV), I OFF ON ~10 nA/um2 and I ON /I OFF > 105 at V DS = 500 mV, for a 2D/2D vertical Tunnel FET. Moreover, for the first time, the fabricated Tunnel FET shows clear regions of higher performance, in same 2D material system, than the 2D MOSFET below 500 mV. NDR at room temperature in the output characteristic, with I peak /I valley >10, demonstrates the dominant BTBT conduction. The low hysteresis of the devices show high quality HfO 2 gating with defect-free vdW gaps between the flakes.Finally, for the first time, we co-integrate on a single WSe 2 flake, using 4-terminal design and a common gate, a pTunnel FET and a pMOSFET with different threshold voltages. These can operate in parallel as Dual-Transport Switch: this device shows subthermionic swing (~55mV/dec point swing) of the TFET and a thermionic high on-current (~100nA/um2 at V DS = 500mV) summing-up MOSFET and Tunnel FET currents, outperforming the individual components.
Operation Enduring Freedom: Trends in Combat Casualty Care by Forward Surgical Teams Deployed to Afghanistan (2011)

This study examined the clinical experience of a U.S. Army Forward Surgical Team (FST) deployed to Afghanistan in 2005 and compared the findings with those of 3 previously deployed FSTs. Medical records of all patients evaluated by the FST were abstracted for analysis. Demographically, the cohort (n = 614) was predominantly male (94%), with a median age of 24, and distributed according to the following: disease (8.6%), nonbattle injury (42%), and battle injury (49%). Combat casualties were mostly Afghan National Army or Police (56%) and U.S. military (21%). Predominant wounding instruments were small arms (34%), improvised explosive devices (33%), and rocket-propelled grenades (15%). Anatomical sites of battle injury were extremities (38%), external soft tissue (35%), and head/neck/torso (28%). Operative procedures for combat injury (n = 227) were primarily orthopedic (45%) or thoracic/abdominal (36%). Combat casualty statistics provide insight to trauma epidemiology, patterns, and trends vital for surgical management. Workload statistics guides the structuring, training, and employment of FSTs.
The Aztec structure: an improved replicable security device (2006)

Holograms that are predominantly in use today as visually identifiable security devices can generally be divided into two categories: either surface relief rainbow holograms or reflection type volume holograms. The Aztec structure is a special surface relief device that combines aspects of both of these types. It has unique identifying characteristics, with provision for great difficulty in counterfeiting, which make it more secure. Its fabrication by holographic means requires techniques of both surface and volume holograms, thus is technically more difficult to make than either separately. The structure is deeper than the standard surface relief hologram, and its profile has the characteristic of several well defined steps, such that, when viewed on edge, resemble a stepped pyramid. Thus, replication of the Aztec structure requires special high resolution techniques to faithfully record the submicron features of the stepped profile, and thus is more difficult to manufacture. The visual characteristics of the Aztec structure are similar to the volume hologram, in that single colors, rather than rainbow colors, can be viewed. Also, a combination of single colors can be encoded into a single master, yielding unique visual effects.
A Multiple Scale Model for Tumor Growth (2005)

We present a physiologically structured lattice model for vascular tumor growth which accounts for blood flow and structural adaptation of the vasculature, transport of oxygen, interaction between cancerous and normal tissue, cell division, apoptosis, vascular endothelial growth factor release, and the coupling between these processes. Simulations of the model are used to investigate the effects of nutrient heterogeneity, growth and invasion of cancerous tissue, and emergent growth laws.
Handbook of Dredging Engineering (1992)

Part 1 Basic fluid mechanics. Part 2 Dredge pumps: theory and application of centrifugal pumps elements of dredge pump design model testing of pumps pump characteristics cavitation of dredge pumps gas effect and removal. Part 3 Equipment: dredging equipment - mechanical, hydraulic suction including cutterhead, hopper, other and special equipment for contaminated soils barges tug and work boats survey boats. Part 4 Sediment: sediment characteristics classification systems soil investigation in situ materials in disposal areas sediment sampling settlement consolidation. Part 5 Pipeline transport of solids: regimes of settlement flow methods to calculate friction losses types of pipe. Part 6 Dredging methods: river estuaries open water operating characteristics of cutterhead dredges. Part 7 Disposal of dredged material: open water confined management strategies construction of dredged material islands for wildlife productive use of dredged materials. Part 8 Environmental effects of dredging: re-suspension of sediment while dredging placement of dredged material - open water and confined regulatory criteria - environmental impact statements and permit system. Part 9 Instrumentation and automation: flow and velocity meters density meters production meters. Part 10 Project planning: preliminary studies - site investigations, surveying, project layout, volume calculations plans, specifications, regulations, permits contract preparation, estimation, bidding project management - production measurement, reports.