gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preferential Recruitment of Neutrophils into the Cerebellum and Brainstem Contributes to the Atypical Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Phenotype (2015)

The JAK/STAT pathway is critical for development, regulation, and termination of immune responses, and dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway, that is, hyperactivation, has pathological implications in autoimmune and neuroinflammatory diseases. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) regulates STAT3 activation in response to cytokines that play important roles in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases, including IL-6 and IL-23. We previously demonstrated that myeloid lineage-specific deletion of SOCS3 resulted in a severe, nonresolving atypical form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), characterized by lesions, inflammatory infiltrates, elevated STAT activation, and elevated cytokine and chemokine expression in the cerebellum. Clinically, these mice exhibit ataxia and tremors. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of this model, demonstrating that the atypical EAE observed in LysMCre-SOCS3(fl/fl) mice is characterized by extensive neutrophil infiltration into the cerebellum and brainstem, increased inducible NO synthase levels in the cerebellum and brainstem, and prominent axonal damage. Importantly, infiltrating SOCS3-deficient neutrophils produce high levels of CXCL2, CCL2, CXCL10, NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Kinetic studies demonstrate that neutrophil infiltration into the cerebellum and brainstem of LysMCre-SOCS3(fl/fl) mice closely correlates with atypical EAE clinical symptoms. Ab-mediated depletion of neutrophils converts the atypical phenotype to the classical EAE phenotype and, in some cases, a mixed atypical/classical phenotype. Blocking CXCR2 signaling ameliorates atypical EAE development by reducing neutrophil infiltration into the cerebellum/brainstem. Thus, neutrophils lacking SOCS3 display elevated STAT3 activation and expression of proinflammatory mediators and play a critical role in the development of atypical EAE.
EUS-guided FNA of cystic lesions of pancreas: is there a role for tumor markers? (2003)

Congenital cystic dilatation of the extra- and intrahepatic bile ducts is a rare condition with several potential complications, especially a high risk of malignant degeneration, which may develop from an anomalous arrangement of the pancreatico-biliary ductal junction.Twenty-two patients with cystic dilatation of the biliary tree, subdivided according to the Todani classification, were observed and treated during a 17-year period. The intrahepatic ducts were involved in 15 patients.Surgical treatment involved either total excision of extrahepatic cysts, hepatic resection in cases of segmental intrahepatic disease or, in the presence of diffuse intrahepatic disease, a wide biliary-digestive anastomosis performed onto the biliary confluence, with the intent of reducing the risk of neoplastic degeneration. One patient with extensive and symptomatic liver involvement complicated by biliary cirrhosis has already undergone liver transplantation, and another two patients who are currently asymptomatic may require this procedure in future. Neoplastic degeneration was found in three patients (one each of Todani type I, type IVa and type V), or 14% of the series. The postoperative course was complicated by cholangitis in only two patients, who were treated successfully with antibiotics. Except for one patient with a type I cyst complicated by carcinoma, who died 14 months post-operatively, all patients are alive and well at a mean follow-up of eight years (range 8 months to 17 years).The ideal surgical procedures to cure the disease and prevent malignant degeneration are: (a) complete excision of the extrahepatic biliary cysts; (b) hepatic resection in cases of segmental intrahepatic involvement; (c) wide bilio-digestive anastomosis in cases of multiple intrahepatic involvement, or liver transplantation when this is complicated by secondary biliary cirrhosis.
Apparatus for Measuring Resistivity and Hall Coefficient of Semiconductors (1955)

An apparatus for measuring resistivity and Hall coefficient of semiconductors is described. Using a new type of measuring circuit, it combines the best features of both ac and dc apparatus. Thus, on the one hand, errors due to thermal emf's and the Ettingshausen effect are eliminated while, on the other hand, the one necessary balance is still made on a simple dc potentiometer with a dc galvanometer as null indicator. Contact and lead resistances do not affect the readings. Results of resistance and Hall coefficient measurements on a germanium specimen are given as an indication of performance.
Experience of 16 Years' Operation and Maintenance of the Fukashiba Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant of the Kashima Petrochemical Complex – II. Biodegradability of 37 Organic Substances and 28 Process Wastewaters (1988)

Twenty-eight process wastewaters and thirty-seven organic substances identified in the wastewater of the Kashima petrochemical complex were subjected to biodegradability tests. The tests consisted of the activated sludge degradability method and a supplementary test using the respiration meter method. Both tests utilized the activated sludge of the Fukashiba industrial wastewater treatment plant, which was acclimatized to the wastewater and organic substances. The 28 process wastewaters were classified into biodegradable, less biodegradable, and non-biodegradable according to the percentage TOC removal and the BOD5/TOC ratio of the wastewater. The 37 organic substances were also classified into biodegradable, less biodegradable and non-biodegradable according to TOC and CODMn removal. In general, chlorinated compounds, nitro-aromatics and polymerized compounds were difficult to biodegrade. From the biodegradability tests of the factory wastewaters, it was found that the refractory CODMn loads of these factories contributed to the load remaining in the effluent of the wastewater treatment plant. Various improvements were made to reduce the discharge of refractory substances from the factories.
PROTECTION FROM RADIATION-INDUCED ORAL MUCOSITIS BY MISOPROSTOL, A PROSTAGLANDIN E1 ANALOG (1995)

Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E(1) analog, is an effective radioprotector in animal studies. Based on this evidence, a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was conducted to determine if misoprostol protected the oral and pharyngeal mucosa of irradiated head and neck cancer patients from radiation mucositis. Postsurgical patients who had no detectable cancer and who were referred for postoperative irradiation were candidates for this study. Thirty-four Hines VA and 35 Loyola University patients were accrued (69 total) over a 2-year period. A misoprostol tablet (200 &mgr;g) or an identical placebo tablet was dissolved in water and administered as an oral rinse daily about 20 min before irradiation. Conventional fractionated radiotherapy, consisting of five weekly doses of 2 Gy day(minus sign1), was delivered. The degree of mucositis was scored on a scale from 0 (no mucositis) to 4. In the 17 patients randomly assigned to the misoprostol arm at the Hines VA, no advantage was seen compared to the 17 placebo-treated patients. However, there was significantly less mucositis (p < 0.01, analysis of variance) from weeks 3--6 in the 17 patients treated with misoprostol at Loyola compared to the 18 placebo-treated patients. Several problems in the study were identified at the VA, including adherence to the protocol design. Other problems such as adequate mucositis scoring, radiation scatter from fillings, and, in particular, adequate timing between misoprostol and irradiation were identified at both locations. Absorption studies in healthy volunteers showed significant plasma levels at 10 min after an oral rinse, suggesting that initial clinical trials should be confined to topical misoprostol until more is known regarding the effect of misoprostol on tumors. The results of this pilot study suggest that misoprotol may protect the oral and pharyngeal mucosa from radiation-induced mocositis if adequate time between topical administration and radiation is allowed.
Enhanced ultrasound imaging resolution with 3D optical patch imagery (2011)

This paper presents a method of improving 3D ultrasound image resolution by fusing the 3D ultrasound images with 3D optical imagery obtained from a limited field of view. Organ surfaces are reconstructed using fine samples from the optical image of a single side of the organ and coarse samples from ultrasound image of the hidden side. The reconstruction is based on the fact that all deformations of an organ surface lie in low dimensional structured subspaces that can be learned using training data obtained from different subjects. The multimodality fusion algorithm accounts for differences in resolution and noise levels between the different modalities. Experiment results using ex-vivo MRI, ultrasound and optical images provide the first demonstration of improving ultrasound image resolution by an average of 2.6 mm using optical images. Surface details not seen on the ultrasound image are clearly visible on the reconstructed image. Specifically, the enhanced reconstruction achieves an average error level of less than 3 mm on the hidden organ surface.
Biofilm and planktonicEnterococcus faecaliselicit different responses from host phagocytesin vitro (2012)

Enterococcus faecalis is a commensal organism of the gastrointestinal tract but can also cause serious opportunistic infections. In addition to high levels of antibiotic resistance, the ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces and on in-dwelling devices within the host complicates treatment strategies and successful outcomes of antibiotic therapy. Despite rapid advances made in recent years in understanding the genomics and virulence of this organism, much remains to be learned regarding the host response to enterococcal infections. In this study, we investigated the interaction of RAW264.7 macrophages and JAWS II dendritic cells with biofilm and planktonic E. faecalis, in vitro. Specifically, we compared phagocytosis, intracellular survival, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and the activation and maturation of phagocytes. Our results revealed that both macrophages and dendritic cells phagocytize biofilm mode cells at levels equal to or better than their planktonic counterparts. Internalized biofilm bacteria showed relatively greater survival at 24 h in macrophages than in dendritic cells and led to slightly higher expression of phagocyte activation markers. Macrophages infected with biofilm cells also secreted lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines studied. Overall, these results suggest that biofilm E. faecalis may be better adapted to overcome host defenses in vivo.
Increased Bronchoalveolar IgG-Secreting Cells in Interstitial Lung Diseases (1980)

The interstitial lung diseases are a heterogenous group of disorders largely of unknown cause, characterized by interstitial inflammatory-cell infiltration and resultant pulmonary fibrosis.1 An immunologic basis for these diseases has been suggested by the frequent association of autoimmune phenomena1 and the finding of increased inflammatory cells and proteins, particularly immunoglobulins,2 3 in the bronchoalveolar-lavage fluids of such patients.We have previously described a reverse hemolytic plaque assay4 that measures cells actively secreting class-specific immunoglobulin, and the use of this technique to define immunoglobulin-secretory function in normal lungs. By this means, cells actively secreting immunoglobulin have been identified as normal residents of . . .
De la télé... (2005)

Il y avait un petit boitier noir sur la table de nuit. En se glissant dans les draps, Julie s'en est saisie et l'a dirige comme une arme devant nous. Aussitot un cube de plastique s'est allume au pied du lit. Ca s'appelle une television. Daniel Pennac (Monsieur Malaussene) Revenons quelques annees en arriere. Jusqu'a mes disons 13-14 ans, il n'y avait pas de tele a la maison (je ne remercierais jamais assez mes parents). Certes, chez les copains elle y etait, et chaque apres-midi passe chez eux voyait le (...)
Kinetics of Denaturation of Human and Chicken Hemoglobins in the Presence of Co-solvents (2003)

The stability of four hemoglobins (Hb) in dimer forms (low concentration) were investigated by the kinetics of denaturation. The rate constants of denaturation were obtained by variation of 280 nm absorption versus time in 10 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM EDTA, pH 8.0 at <TEX>$45^{\circ}C$</TEX> in the absence and presence of 0.5 M ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), formamide, and glycerol. The results show the trend of rate constants in different co-solvents in the following order: chicken hemolysate < human hemolysate and chicken Hb D < chicken Hb A. The buried surface area was calculated for Hb samples in the absence of cosolvents. Accordingly, the trend points out that: chicken Hb D > chicken Hb A > human Hb A. These results suggest that both chicken hemolysate and chicken Hb D are relatively more stable than human and chicken Hb A, respectively. However, the denaturation rate constants of Hb in different co-solvents have designated the following order: ethanol > DMSO > formamide > glycerol. As a matter of fact, this phenomenon is an indication of an increase in the denaturation capacity (DC) and hydrophobicity, and a decrease in the surface tension of the solution in the preceding co-solvents.
Non-deletional CD8 + T cell self-tolerance permits responsiveness but limits tissue damage (2020)

Abstract Self-specific CD8+ T cells often escape clonal deletion, but the properties and capabilities of such cells in a physiological setting are unclear. We characterized polyclonal CD8 + T cells specific for the melanocyte antigen tyrosinase-related protein 2 (Trp2) in mice that express or lack this enzyme due to deficiency in Dct , which encodes Trp2. The size, phenotype, and gene expression profile of the pre-immune Trp2/K b -specific pool were similar in wild-type (WT) and Dct -deficient ( Dct -/- ) mice. Despite comparable initial responses to Trp2 immunization, WT Trp2/K b -specific cells showed blunted expansion, and scRNAseq revealed WT cells less readily differentiated into a CD25+ proliferative population. Functional self-tolerance clearly emerged when assessing immunopathology: adoptively transferred WT Trp2/K b -specific cells mediated vitiligo much less efficiently. Hence, CD8 + T cell self-specificity is poorly predicted by precursor frequency, phenotype or even initial responsiveness, while deficient activation-induced CD25 expression and other gene expression characteristics may help to identify functionally tolerant cells.
Hepatic radioembolization with yttrium-90 containing glass microspheres: preliminary results and clinical follow-up. (1994)

These preliminary data demonstrate that in the examined dose range, radiation may be safely delivered to liver tumors by means of 90Y glass microspheres with encouraging response data.
Epidemiologic Trends of Chemical Ocular Burns in the United States (2016)

Young children represent the single highest-risk group for ocular chemical injuries. Education and other interventions concerned with preventing these injuries will be most effective if used accordingly.
Using Multi-Dimensional Credibility to Estimate Class Frequency Vectors in Workers Compensation (2008)

The US workers compensation system is different from those in many countries, but it is reinsured in the world-wide market and so has international impact. From its origin in the early 20 th century it has been a laboratory for actuarial credibility techniques. In recent years deductibles have been increasing, so that fairly high excess coverage is now commonplace. This puts growing emphasis on estimation of the percentage of loss that is excess of high deductibles. A key element of the excess percentage is the frequency of loss by injury type. Fatalities and permanent disabilities cost more than other injury types, so when they have high relative frequency, more of the claims cost arises from large losses. The vector of claim frequency by injury type can be estimated by class of business using multi-dimensional credibility techniques. Historically the fraction of costs excess of various retentions has been calculated for large groups of classes (hazard groups) and not individual classes. We show, by testing a hold-out sample, that credibility estimation by class does produce additional information in comparison to a widely-used seven-hazard-group system.
Spotlight on the Binding Affinity of Ion Channels for Phosphoinositides: From the Study of Sperm Flagellum (2022)

The previous studies revealed that many types of ion channels have sensitivity to PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub>, which has been mainly shown using heterologous expression system. On the other hand, there remains few evidence showing that PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub> natively regulate the ion channel activities in physiological context. Our group recently discovered that a sperm specific K<sup>+</sup> channel, Slo3, is natively regulated by PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub> in sperm flagellum. Very interestingly, a principal piece, to which Slo3 specifically localized, had extremely low density of PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub> compared to the regular cell plasma membrane. Furthermore, our studies and the previous ones also revealed that Slo3 had much stronger PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub> affinity than KCNQ2/3 channels, which are widely regulated by endogenous PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub> in neurons. Thus, the high-PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub> affinity of Slo3 is well-adapted to the specialized PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub> environment in the principal piece. This study sheds light on the relationship between PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub>-affinity of ion channels and their PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub> environment in native cells. We discuss the current understanding about PtdIns(4,5)P<sub>2</sub> affinity of diverse ion channels and their possible regulatory mechanism in native cellular environment.
DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY OF Cd AND Pb-CONTAMINATED SOIL IN THE PRESENCE OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES (2006)

The change of hydrogenase activity in Cd, Pb-contaminated red soil was investigated after various fractions of humic substances were added. Results showed that when red soil was contaminated by Cd or Pb, its hydrogenase activity significantly dropped. However, humic substance, particularly humic acid fraction, was able to significantly improve hydrogenase activity of red soil, indicating humic substance has amelioration and restoration function on microbial activity, as well as certain detoxification effect on heavy metal-contaminated soil. The increase efficacy for various fractions of humic substance was in the sequence of gray humic acid (GHA) brown humic acid(BHA) fulvic acid (FA). It was fully exhibited that the higher the molecular weight and aromaticity of humic substance, the stronger heavy metal was immobilized, so that the biotoxicity of heavy metal in soils was more greatly alleviated.
GM-CSF and IL-2 share common control mechanisms in response to costimulatory signals in T cells (1995)

Antigen complexed with major histocompatibility complex class I or II molecules on the surface of antigen presenting cells interacts with the T cell receptor (TCR) on the surface of T cells and initiates an activation cascade. So called costimulatory signals, mediated by other cell surface interactions or soluble cytokines produced by antigen presenting cells, are also required for complete T cell activation. High levels of cytokine gene expression in T cells also required both TCR and costimulatory signals. The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor requires sequences in the promoter as well as a powerful enhancer located 3kb upstream to respond to TCR-like signals. These promoter and enhancer regions are mainly activated by the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). The activation of NFAT by TCR signals has been well described for interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 gene transcription in T cells. Costimulatory signals, such as activation of the CD28 cell surface molecule on T cells, lead to activation through a distinct region of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) promoter. This region is termed the CK-1 or CD28RE and appears to bind specific members of the NF-kappa B family of transcription factors. Human T leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects T cells and can lead to increase GM-CSF expression. We have found that the HTLV-1 transactivator protein, tax, acts as a costimulatory signal for GM-CSF and IL-2 gene transcription, in that it can cooperate with TCR signals to mediate high level gene expression. Tax activates the GM-CSF promoter through the CK-1/CD28RE region and also activates nuclear factor-kappa B binding to this region. However, other transcription factors or coactivators of NF-kappa B are required for tax activation but these remain to be identified. The CK-1/CD28RE of GM-CSF shows a high degree of similarity to the IL-2 CD28RE and the IL-3 gene also contains a related region. This observation, together with the fact that both GM-CSF and IL-2 respond to TCR signals via NFAT, implies a high degree of conservation in the regulation of cytokine gene expression in T cells.
Changes in Isoflavone Profiles during Cheongyukjang Preparation, A Traditional Banga Food (2009)

Cheongyukjang, a Banga food, is a heavy soy-soup prepared by boiling cheonggukjang, sea foods, and meats. Soybeans roasted at 140℃ for 21.0 min and 220℃ for 6.0 min, respectively, were used for cheonggukjang preparation. Distributions of isoflavones in raw soybeans, roasted soybeans, cheonggukjang, and cheongyukjang were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The total isoflavones in roasted soybeans, cheonggukjang and cheongyukjang were about 79-80, 56-65, and 47-50% of those in raw soybeans, respectively. Roasting caused significant increases in acetyl derivatives and β-glucoside isoflavones, and significant decreases in malonyl derivatives (p < 0.05). The major isoflavones in cheonggukjang and cheongyukjang were β-glucosides. Succinyl-β-daidzin and succinyl-β-genistin, which are recognized as new metabolites of isoflavones, were not detected in raw and roasted soybeans. Peak areas of succinyl-β-genistin were higher than thse of succinyl-β-daidzin, in both cheongyukjang and cheonggukjang.
Creating Adaptive Views for Group Video Teleconferencing – An Image-Based Approach (2002)

We present a system and techniques for synthesizing views for many-to-many video teleconferencing. Instead of replicating oneto-one systems for each pair of users, or performing complex 3D scene acquisition, we rely upon user tolerance for soft discontinuities for our rendering techniques. Furthermore, we observed that the participants’ eyes usually remain at a constant height (sitting height) during video teleconferencing, thus we only need to be able to synthesize new views on a horizontal plane. We demonstrate a real-time system that uses a linear array of cameras to perform Light Field style rendering. The simplicity and robustness of Light Fielding rendering, combined with the natural restrictions of limited view volume in video teleconferencing, allow us to synthesize photo-realistic views for a group of participants at interactive rate.
A New Technique for the Measurement of AC Loss in Second-Generation HTS Tapes (2005)

The successful application of superconductivity to motors and other power system components depends on several factors. One of these involves characterization and minimization of the ac loss in the superconductor used for fabrication of the component. Previous electrical measurements of ac loss have been complicated by the presence of large, undesirable voltages due to stray inductances in the circuit. Their effect was minimized by the addition of a compensation circuit. We have developed a much simpler circuit that significantly reduces this problem to the extent that no compensation is necessary. We report on measurements of the ac loss of several commercial YBaCuO samples immersed in liquid nitrogen using this circuit. We also propose a definition for characterizing the quality of the tapes.