gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a double gene disruption in the LYS2 locus of the pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans (1999)

The 4.2 kbp LYS2 gene of Candida albicans encodes the 150 kDa subunit of the 180 kDa heterodimeric enzyme alpha-aminoadipate reductase. To facilitate structural and functional studies of the LYS2 gene, in this investigation both alleles were sequentially disrupted in C. albicans CAI4. The disruptions were performed using a targeting vector that contained a 2.2 kbp portion of LYS2 from which a 600-bp fragment had been deleted and replaced with a hisG-URA3-hisG cassette. Disruption of both alleles of the LYS2 locus was confirmed by Southern hybridization with appropriate probes. To determine the physiological effect of the LYS2 disruption, cell extracts were assayed for the LYS2-encoded alpha-aminoadipate reductase activity. The parent, heterozygote and LYS2-disrupted strains exhibited significant, partial and no activity, respectively. Transformation of the LYS2-disrupted strain with the LYS2 gene reversed the mutant phenotype as shown by growth on selective media and restored alpha-aminoadipate reductase activity. These results demonstrated that the LYS2 gene of C. albicans is responsible for the synthesis of functional alpha-aminoadipate reductase.
High-precision micronozzle fabrication (1992)

A process for fabricating a high-precision micronozzle with irregular inner shapes (at its end) and high aspect ratio (at its main part) was developed. Micronozzles 3 mm long with slit-type openings of 100*10 mu m, triangular openings of 50 mu m, and circular openings of 6 mu m were successfully obtained. By using a WEDG (wire electrodischarge grinding) polishing technology, a core with a smooth mirrorlike surface was prepared, improving the precision and inner surface quality of the micronozzles produced. The core preparation process with WEDG and WECG can be carried out using common low-conductivity water. This makes the fabricating process simple and effective. Stainless steel was suitable as the core material for WECG operation. A micropipe with an inner diameter of 50 mu m and aspect ratio of 40 was successfully manufactured without using parting film.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Deploying an Equipment Health monitoring dashboard and assessing predictive maintenance (2013)

Predictive maintenance (PdM) is cited by the ITRS as a critical technology to incorporate into production over the next five years to reduce unscheduled downtime and cycle time, maintain high quality, and reduce cost. Equipment Health monitoring (EHM) is a companion to PdM that provides a tracking indication of equipment health. The industry needs to deploy and assess PdM and EHM capabilities to determine best practices for the industry and the potential for cost reduction through deployment of these technologies. Applied Materials is working with both Micron Technology and Intel Corporation on EHM and PdM development and assessment projects, partially funded by ISMI. As a result of these projects a portable EHM solution has been designed and demonstrated that can be deployed “out-of-the-box” to track equipment health, but also updated as more information is ascertained on specific smart health indicators. Also, preliminary PdM results in both projects reveals an ability to predict key downtime event including particle monitor, throttle valve and liquid flow failures. Results were achieved on both CVD and etch tool types.
Rel-dependent induction of A1 transcription is required to protect B cells from antigen receptor ligation-induced apoptosis (1999)

In response to different extracellular signals, Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factors are critical regulators of apoptosis in a variety of cell types. Here we show that in normal B and T cells, expression of the Bcl-2 prosurvival homolog, A1, is rapidly induced in a Rel-dependent manner by mitogens. In B-cell lines derived from c-rel-/- mice, which like primary cells lacking Rel undergo apoptosis in response to antigen receptor ligation, constitutive expression of an A1 transgene inhibits this pathway to cell death. These findings are the first to show that Rel/NF-kappaB regulates physiologically the expression of a Bcl-2-like protein that is critical for the control of cell survival during lymphocyte activation.
Geometry and parameter design of novel circular arc helical gears for parallel-axis transmission (2017)

Based on the space curve meshing equation, in this article, a geometry design of a novel circular arc helical gear mechanism with pure rolling for parallel transmission was presented. Different from conventional circular arc gears, the meshing points of circular arc helical gears were limited at the instantaneous centre of rotation. The parameter equations describing the contact curves for both the driving gear and the driven gear were deduced from the space curve meshing equation, and parameter equations of the concave–convex circular arc profiles were established both for internal meshing and external meshing. Furthermore, a formula for the contact ratio was presented, and the impact factors influencing the contact ratio were discussed. Then, the parameter design was presented for the geometry parameters of tooth profiles, such as normal pitch, tooth height and tooth thickness. Using the deduced equations, several numerical examples were then considered, and prototype samples were produced to experimentally validate the contact ratio equation and the theoretical kinematic performance. The circular arc helical gear mechanism investigated in this study showed a high gear transmission performance such as a pure rolling meshing, a high contact ratio and a large comprehensive strength, when considering engineering applications.
User Clustering and Power Allocation for mmWave MIMO-NOMA with IoT devices (2021)

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been recently considered in millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems to further enhance the spectrum efficiency. Massive connectivity and low latency are two important challenges for the Internet of Things (IoT) to achieve the quality of service provisions required by the numerous devices. Motivated by these challenges, we propose a power domain mmWave NOMA scheme based on user clustering. In particular, considering the quality of service (QoS) requirements, the machine type communication (MTC) devices are assigned to different ranks in the NOMA cluster, where they are transmitted through the same frequency resource. In this paper, investigate the power allocation problem as a weighted sum rate maximization problem. To solve this non-convex problem with high-dimensional variables, we transform the problem into a convex form by introducing two sets of auxiliary variables. In addition, we propose an iterative algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of power allocation by updating the weight factors and the auxiliary variables. Finally, we give the simulation results to verify the effectiveness of our scheme.
Excitation System Technologies for Wound-Field Synchronous Machines: Survey of Solutions and Evolving Trends (2019)

WFSM are included in the majority of large power generating units and special high-power motor drives, due to their high efficiency, flexible field excitation and intrinsic flux weakening capability. Moreover, they are employed in a wide range of high-end solutions in the low-to-medium power range. This contribution presents a comprehensive survey of classical and modern methods and technologies for excitation systems (ESs) of (WFSMs). The work covers the fundamental theory, typical de-excitation methods and all the modern excitation equipment topologies in detail. It also includes a description of the state-of-the-art and the latest trends in the ESs of wound-field synchronous motors and generators. The purpose of the paper is to provide a useful and up-to-date reference for practitioners and researchers in the field.
EUV imaging: an aerial image study (2004)

This work discusses the imaging properties of EUVL systems on the basis of an aerial image study in resist. A process window analysis for the lithographic structures which are driving the ITRS roadmap is presented. Here we cover the 45 nm and 32 nm node. In a first step we focus on the contribution of wavefront aberrations and flare effects to the imaging performance. In a second step we investigate the process latitude for different generic pattern of the above mentioned nodes. It becomes clear that EUVL tools are a very good choice for the printing of contact holes. Dense and semi-dense lines can be easily printed too, using a conventional illumination setting. From our current perspective, isolated features on bright field reticles are the most challenging structures for EUV imaging due to the flare impact on contrast and process latitude. Related to flare we discuss our progress in mirror surface manufacturing to reduce the overall flare level.
Indirect Bandgap-Like Current Flow in Direct Bandgap Electron Resonant Tunneling Diodes (2001)

The current turn-on and turn-off in a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) is determined by the crossing of the central resonance subband with the Fermi level in the emitter, the subbands of quasi-bound states in the emitter and the conduction band edge in the emitter. In a typical RTD the subbands in the central well and the emitter are similar, resulting in a simple resonant current flow for almost all transverse momenta. Since most of the electrons have zero transverse momentum, one therefore observes that most of the carriers travel straight through the structure. This paper presents a mechanism that can generate off-zone-center current flow in electron resonant tunneling diodes, where most of the carriers travel through the structure at an angle for a certain bias range. The basic idea is that if the effective mass in the RTD well is much smaller than the effective mass in the emitter, subband crossings will occur outside the zone center, resulting in this unintuitive distribution of the current as a function of transverse momentum. This mechanism is shown to increase the valley current within a single band approximation without non-parabolicity.
Will the Internet Form the Public Sphere in China? (2004)

The Western perspective in examining the political impact of the Internet concentrates on whether this new medium will revitalize the public sphere so as to further representative democracy to ideal form of participatory democracy. This paper examines the political impact of the Internet on China, a large developing country that lacks sophisticated representative democratic politics. It analyzes the revolutionary changes that the Internet has brought to the Chinese Internet users and the government's regulations on the new medium. It asks whether the Internet will form the Habermasian public sphere in China and concludes that the Internet enhances the Chinese netter's political participation, but it needs long-term research to decide to what extent the Internet will improve democracy in China.
Carbonyl methylenation using a titanium-aluminum (Tebbe) complex (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbonyl methylenation using a titanium-aluminum (Tebbe) complexStanley H. Pine, Robert J. Pettit, Gregory D. Geib, Susana G. Cruz, Claudio H. Gallego, Tomas Tijerina, and Randall D. PineCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 8, 1212–1216Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00208a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00208a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3834Altmetric-Citations152LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hyperprolinemia and Prolinuria in a New Inbred Strain of Mice, PRO/Re (1972)

A hyperprolinemia was discovered, in a new inbred strain of mice, which was equivalent to about a sevenfold elevation above the concentration of proline in the blood of either of the original parental lines, or of 12 other inbred strains with diverse genetic constitution. In addition, mice of this PRO/Re strain exhibited a marked prolinuria, whereas the other 14 inbred strains had no proline detectable in their urine.
Low-Contrast and Low-Radiation Dose Protocol in Cardiac Computed Tomography (2016)

A 80-kVp protocol with IMR yields higher image quality with 74% decreased radiation dose and 40% decreased contrast agent dose as compared with a 120-kVp protocol, while decreasing more image noise compared with the 80-kVp protocol with HIR.
Reproducing Interaction Contingency Toward Open-Ended Development of Social Actions: Case Study on Joint Attention (2010)

How can human infants gradually socialize through interaction with their caregivers? This paper presents a learning mechanism that incrementally acquires social actions by finding and reproducing the contingency in interaction with a caregiver. A contingency measure based on transfer entropy is used to select the appropriate pairs of variables to be associated to acquire social actions from the set of all possible pairs. Joint attention behavior is tested to examine the development of social actions caused by responding to changes in caregiver behavior due to reproducing the found contingency. The results of computer simulations of human-robot interaction indicate that a robot acquires a series of actions related to joint attention such as gaze following and alternation in an order that almost matches the infant development of joint attention found in developmental psychology. The difference in the order between them is discussed based on the analysis of robot behavior, and then future issues are given.
[p33(ING1b) enhances chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cell U2OS to etoposide]. (2004)

These observations suggest that p33(ING1b) up-regulates p53 protein, and cooperate with p53 in stimulating expression of p21(WAF1) and Bax gene, thus to enhance etoposide-induced apoptosis via p53-dependent pathways.
In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance imaging of tumor heterogeneity and oxygenation in a murine model. (1998)

Nitroxides are redox-sensitive probes, which are useful in noninvasively delineating tissue heterogeneity especially with respect to metabolic activity and tissue oxygenation. Recent studies have shown that nitroxides are in vitro and in vivo radioprotectors and selectively protect normal tissue compared to tumor tissue. It has been postulated that the basis for selective radioprotection of normal tissues is greater bioreduction of nitroxides in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution and lifetime of nitroxides in tumor and normal tissues. Mice were implanted with tumor cells (RIF-1) in the thigh, and the tumor was allowed to grow to about 10-15 mm in diameter. After i.v. infusion of nitroxides, in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging of the tumor were performed using a specially built bridged-loop surface resonator. The pharmacokinetic and spatial distribution of the nitroxides in tumor tissue were followed and compared with those in normal tissue. Three-dimensional spatial images showed significant heterogeneity in the nitroxide distribution as well as reduction rates. The nitroxide reduction rates were significantly higher in tumors than in the normal tissue. Measurements using spin label oximetry showed a substantial difference in the level of oxygenation between normal tissue (muscle) and tumor tissue. Average pO2 levels in tumor tissue were found to be 3-fold lower than in a corresponding volume of normal tissue. The lower pO2 levels in tumor compared to normal tissue may explain the more rapid reduction of nitroxides in these tissues. This study demonstrates that electron paramagnetic resonance imaging can perform noninvasive anatomical as well as functional imaging and provide in vivo physiological information regarding cellular metabolism in tumor and normal tissues.
Supplementary Figure S1. from ICEC0942, an Orally Bioavailable Selective Inhibitor of CDK7 for Cancer Treatment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;In vitro kinase assays demonstrate selectivity of ICEC0942 for CDK7.&lt;/p&gt;
Electric Field for Detecting Open Leads in CMOS Logic Circuits by Supply Current Testing (2005)

Open leads are one type of defect occurring frequently when logic circuits are implemented on printed circuit boards (PCBs) with ICs. A powerful supply current test method has been proposed for detecting an open lead in a CMOS logic circuit. The method is based on the supply current of a circuit under test which flows when a time-varying electric field is supplied from the outside of the circuit. The paper proposes a time-varying electric field which enables us to detect open leads in a CMOS logic circuit with an inexpensive test setup.
Dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced echo-planar imaging of cerebral gliomas. Effect of contrast medium extravasation (2002)

FID EPI sequences were preferred for perfusion MR imaging in patients without strong enhancing lesions, e.g. in ischemia or tumors with intact blood-brain barrier. In patients with suspected strong enhancing lesions, an SE EPI sequence should be used.
Thermalization and possible signatures of quantum chaos in complex crystalline materials (2019)

Analyses of thermal diffusivity data on complex insulators and on strongly correlated electron systems hosted in similar complex crystal structures suggest that quantum chaos is a good description for thermalization processes in these systems, particularly in the high-temperature regime where the many phonon bands and their interactions dominate the thermal transport. Here we observe that for these systems diffusive thermal transport is controlled by a universal Planckian timescale [Formula: see text] and a unique velocity [Formula: see text] Specifically, [Formula: see text] for complex insulators, and [Formula: see text] in the presence of strongly correlated itinerant electrons ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the phonon and electron velocities, respectively). For the complex correlated electron systems we further show that charge diffusivity, while also reaching the Planckian relaxation bound, is largely dominated by the Fermi velocity of the electrons, hence suggesting that it is only the thermal (energy) diffusivity that describes chaos diffusivity.
Planning process for distribution grids based on flexibly generated time series considering RES, DSM and storages (2016)

The volatile feed‐in of distributed generation based on renewable energy sources as well as new and intelligent loads and storages require an appropriate consideration in the distribution grid planning process. With the conventional planning method being dependent on extreme scenarios, the consideration is very limited. Therefore, a new planning tool based on the concept of a multi‐agent system is presented. In this system, every network user is represented by an agent, allowing not only the consideration of the volatile feed‐in characteristics of renewable energy sources but also of the dependencies between the grid users and their environment. Within this contribution, a system overview is given and the agent design process demonstrated on the example of the storage agent, including negotiations. This multi‐agent system generates time series for all relevant system variables, defining detailed input parameters in the distribution grid planning process. For the first time, this allows for a detailed determination of the conditions in the up to now rarely measured medium‐ and low‐voltage grids. As a consequence, new assumptions for the planning process are derivable, permitting a demand‐ and future‐oriented grid planning and avoiding over‐dimensioning of the grids.
PEPTIDES AND OTHER NITROGEN SOURCES FOR GROWTH OF BACTEROIDES RUMINICOLA (1964)

Pittman, K. A. (Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md.), and M. P. Bryant. Peptides and other nitrogen sources for growth of Bacteroides ruminicola. J. Bacteriol. 88:401-410. 1964.-Representative strains of Bacteroides ruminicola were found to utilize peptide nitrogen or ammonia nitrogen, but not to utilize significant amounts of free amino acid nitrogen or the nitrogen from a variety of other low molecular weight compounds for growth. All strains grew well in a defined medium containing glucose, minerals, B-vitamins, heme, volatile fatty acids, methionine, and cysteine, with ammonia as the main nitrogen source. Methionine and cysteine were required by some strains. The only compounds found to replace ammonia as the main nitrogen source were a few proteins; tryptic digests of protein; peptide-rich fractions of Sephadex G-25 fractionated tryptic digests of casein; and the octapeptides, oxytocin and vasopressin. Most of the nitrogen present in these compounds was utilized. However, the organism did not utilize nitrogen from any of 12 dipeptides, triglycylglycine, glutathione, or mixtures of free amino acids. Possible reasons for the inability of B. ruminicola to utilize low molecular weight nitrogen compounds are discussed.
Antitumor/Antifungal Celecoxib Derivative AR-12 is a Non-Nucleoside Inhibitor of the ANL-Family Adenylating Enzyme Acetyl CoA Synthetase (2016)

AR-12/OSU-03012 is an antitumor celecoxib-derivative that has progressed to Phase I clinical trial as an anticancer agent and has activity against a number of infectious agents including fungi, bacteria and viruses. However, the mechanism of these activities has remained unclear. Based on a chemical-genetic profiling approach in yeast, we have found that AR-12 is an ATP-competitive, time-dependent inhibitor of yeast acetyl coenzyme A synthetase. AR-12-treated fungal cells show phenotypes consistent with the genetic reduction of acetyl CoA synthetase activity, including induction of autophagy, decreased histone acetylation, and loss of cellular integrity. In addition, AR-12 is a weak inhibitor of human acetyl CoA synthetase ACCS2. Acetyl CoA synthetase activity is essential in many fungi and parasites. In contrast, acetyl CoA is primarily synthesized by an alternate enzyme, ATP-citrate lyase, in mammalian cells. Taken together, our results indicate that AR-12 is a non-nucleoside acetyl CoA synthetase inhibitor and that acetyl CoA synthetase may be a feasible antifungal drug target.