gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Definition of a series of stages in the association of two herpesviral proteins with the cell nucleus (1982)

We examined the kinetics and the nature of the association of two herpes simplex virus proteins, the major DNA-binding protein (ICP8) and the major capsid protein (ICP5), with the nuclei of infected cells. We defined a series of stages in the association of the ICP8 protein with the cell nucleus. (i) Immediately after synthesis, the protein was found in the cytoplasmic fraction but associated rapidly with the crude nuclear fraction. (ii) The initial association of ICP8 with the crude nuclear fraction was detergent sensitive but DNase resistant, and, thus, the protein was either bound to structures attached to the outside of the nucleus and had not penetrated the nuclear envelope or was loosely bound in the nucleus, (iii) At intermediate times, a low level of an intermediate form was observed in which the association of ICP8 with the nuclear fraction was resistant to both detergent and DNase treatment. The protein may be bound to the nuclear matrix at this stage. Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis caused the DNA-binding protein to accumulate in this form. (iv) At late times during the chase period, the association of ICP8 with the cell nucleus was resistant to detergent treatment but sensitive to DNase treatment. our results argue that at this stage ICP8 was bound to viral DNA. Thus, nuclear association of the DNA-binding protein did not require viral DNA replication. More important is the observation that there is a series of stages in the nuclear association of this protein, and, thus, there may be a succession of binding sites for this protein in the cell during its movement to its final site of action in the nucleus. The major capsid protein showed some similar stages of association with the cell nucleus but the initial association with the nucleus followed a lag period. Its early association with the crude nuclear fraction was also detergent sensitive but was resistant to detergent treatment at later times. Its association with the cell nucleus was almost completely resistant to DNase treatment at all times. Inhibition of viral DNA replication blocked the nuclear transport of this protein. Thus, these two viral proteins share some stages in nuclear transport, although their requirements for nuclear association are different.
Thermal instability of electrolytic capacitor bank used for gas puff valve (2002)

It is shown that self-heating of electrolytic capacitors causes the output current of a capacitor bank to increase with successive shots even though the charge voltage is held constant. Self heating of only 10 °C can cause a near tripling in the gas output of the gas puffing valves commonly used in spheromak research. By using metallized polypropylene film capacitors instead of electrolytic capacitors the reproducibility is substantially improved (the shot-to-shot variation in gas output is reduced to be &amp;lt;0.5%).
Schubert polynomials and Bott-Samelson varieties (1998)

Schubert polynomials generalize Schur polynomials, but it is not clear how to generalize several classical formulas: the Weyl character formula, the Demazure character formula, and the generating series of semistandard tableaux. We produce these missing formulas and obtain several surprising expressions for Schubert polynomials. The above results arise naturally from a new geometric model of Schubert polynomials in terms of Bott-Samelson varieties. Our analysis includes a new, explicit construction for a Bott-Samelson variety Z as the closure of a B-orbit in a product of flag varieties. This construction works for an arbitrary reductive group G, and for G = GL(n) it realizes Z as the representations of a certain partially ordered set. This poset unifies several well-known combinatorial structures: generalized Young diagrams with their associated Schur modules; reduced decompositions of permutations; and the chamber sets of Berenstein-Fomin-Zelevinsky, which are crucial in the combinatorics of canonical bases and matrix factorizations. On the other hand, our embedding of Z gives an elementary construction of its coordinate ring, and allows us to specify a basis indexed by tableaux.
Experimental demonstrations of spontaneous, solar-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting (2015)

Laboratory demonstrations of spontaneous photoelectrochemical solar water splitting cells are reviewed. Reported solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiencies are as high as 18%. Reported operational lifetimes are relatively short, with few demonstrations exceeding one week.
Modifications for soft x-ray contact microscopy: quantification of carbon density discrimination and stereo imaging (1995)

Soft x-ray contact microscopy successfully images hydrated biological material with resolution superior to light microscopy. Nanosecond laser pulses record the image before movement or radiation damage can occur, eliminating concerns of fixation-induced artifacts (cf electron microscopy). X-rays make the recording polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) photoresist more soluble, thus a contour map of x-ray absorbency is produced in which relative heights, measured by atomic force microscopy, reflect specimen carbon density. Until now quantification of the carbon-density differences was impossible, neither has the minimum carbon density difference which is detectable been determined. Since biological specimens are composed of structures differing only marginally in carbon density the discrimination between carbon densitites is critical. Using SI<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> windows coated with differing carbon thicknesses we have followed the rate of PMMA dissolution in order to produce calibration curves from which specimen carbon density can be determined. These experiments have also attempted to determine the minimum detectable carbon density difference. When using relatively thick (&lt; 5micrometers ) specimens image interpretation can be difficult as spatially separated structures in the original specimen become superimposed in the x-ray image. To provide spatial resolution in three dimensions we are developing a soft x-ray stereo imaging system. Using two laser plasma x-ray sources and contoured photoresists we have obtained two simulanteous images of the same specimen from different angles. E-beam lithography, cutting and imprinting have been tested as means of producing contoured photoresists. The merits of each will be discussed and preliminary stereo images of hydrated biological specimens presented.
Rectal and Vaginal Routes of Drug Delivery (2021)

The rectum and vagina have a rich blood and lymph supply, and drugs can cross through their mucosa like the other lipid membranes. Thus, rectal and vaginal routes of drug administration can be of particular importance for drugs such as progesterone and estradiol, which are poorly bioavailable upon oral administration because they are extensively metabolized by the liver. The use of a hydrogel matrix for drug delivery involves the dispersal of the drug into the matrix, followed by drying of the system and concomitant immobilization of the drug. In order to understand the mechanism of drug absorption from the rectum and vagina it is important to know the anatomy and physiology of the region. The various types of rectal and vaginal dosage forms, depending upon the drug incorporated and specific use, are: suppositories, tablets and capsules, ointments, creams, and aerosol foams, gels and jellies, contraceptive sponges, intrauterine devices, powders and solutions.
Expression and localization of serotonin receptors in human breast cancer. (2013)

The aim of this study was to examine the expression of serotonin receptors in patients with breast cancer and to explore their utility as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the expression of serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes 1A, 1B, 2B and 4 in a tissue microarray containing tumor specimens from 102 patients. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate the expression of these proteins with regard to clinical parameters. We found that all four serotonin receptors (5-HTRs) exhibited different expression patterns in breast cancer specimens. In general strong staining for 5-HTR1A was observed on the membrane of cancer cells but it was detected only in the cytoplasm of non-malignant cells. 5-HTR1B and 5-HTR2B were predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells, while 5-HTR4 was exclusively found in the nucleus of malignant and non-malignant cells. Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation of 5-HTR2B with estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) and 5-HTR4 with ER-α and progesterone (PR). In conclusion, the different expression patterns and subcellular localization of 5-HTRs in breast cancer may reflect their role in breast cancer progression.
Analysis and measurement of root-mean-squared bandwidth of cross-phase-modulation-induced spectral broadening (1999)

The root-mean-squared bandwidth of spectral broadening induced by cross-phase modulation is derived analytically for a two-channel system consisting of a pump and probe channel. The pump channel is randomly modulated by binary data and the probe channel is a weak continuous-wave channel. The analytical expression is verified by experiments.
A laboratory study on colonisation of aphids by some filamentous fungi. (2004)

Interactions between the fungi Fusarium proliferatum, and Trichoderma harzianum, and the aphid Schizaphis graminum, a cereal pest, were studied by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. Fungi were applied in form of formulations. The fungus F. proliferatum adhered to the entire body of winged and wingless aphid morphs, though the wings were the preferred point of attachment. The hyphae penetrated the natural openings such as the spiracles reaching the tracheoles, from where they invaded the hemocoel and proliferated in the internal tissue. The formulation of T. harzianum interacted differently with winged and wingless aphid morphs. In particular, the formulation did not adhere to the wingless body, instead it tended to adhere to the wings in the winged morph, where T. harzianum subsequently developed with hyphae colonising the rest of the body. Even though penetration was not detected, treatment with the formulation was lethal for the winged morphs.
Genetic relationships among temperament, immune function, and carcass merit (2014)

Cattle producers historically have selected for docile temperaments simply for management convenience because calmer animals are conducive to safe environments for their peers as well as their handlers. As many producers would acknowledge, there seems to be a relationship between temperament and health, and calmer cattle tend to frequent the working chute for treatment of disease less often. Positive correlations have been found in cattle between temperament traits (chute scores, pen scores, and chute exit velocities) and cortisol concentration in the blood, suggesting that more excitable cattle are easily stressed (Curley et al., 2006; Cooke et al., 2009). In addition, Curley et al. (2007) found that easily excitable animals sustain elevated cortisol concentrations for a longer duration and had greater pituitary and adrenal responses following a stressor than calm cattle. Temperamental cattle have significantly higher mean temperament responses at all points (Oliphint, 2006). Higher basal serum cortisol concentrations may suggest that easily excitable cattle are chronically stressed (Curley et al., 2007), possibly resulting in a compromised immune system, illness, and decreased fat and protein deposition. Common measures of cattle temperament are pen scores, chute scores, and exit velocities. Temperament appears to be moderately heritable, with estimates ranging from 0.15 to 0.44 (Burrow and Corbet, 2000; Kadel et al., 2006; Schrode and Hammack, 1971; Stricklin et al., 1980; Fordyce et al., 1988). If genetic correlations are found between temperament and production traits or immunological factors, they may aid cattle breeders in producing profitable cattle. Such relationships have been found between exit velocity and hot carcass weight (r = -0.54), exit velocity and marbling score (r = 0.10), exit velocity and yield grade (r = -0.22) (Nkrumah et al., 2007), and post-weaning weight gain and exit velocity (Weaber et al., 2006). Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) susceptibility has been estimated to be lowly heritable (Muggli-Cockett et al., 1992; Snowder et al., 2005, 2006, 2007; Schneider et al., 2008). This study was conducted to further investigate the genetic relationships between cattle temperament measured by chute score and exit velocity, immunological factors, and a range of economically relevant performance traits.
Circulating Fatty Acid Synthase Is a Novel Biomarker of Disease Severity in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease and Diabetes (2018)

De Silva, Gayan S. MD; Desai, Kshitij A.; Semenkovich, Clay F. MD; Sanchez, Luis A. MD; Zayed, Mohamed A. MD, PhD Author Information
Cytoprotective and Anti‐Inflammatory Actions of Carbon Monoxide in Organ Injury and Sepsis Models (2006)

Carbon monoxide (CO) can exert potent anti-inflammatory effects in animal and cell culture models of sepsis, despite well-known lethal effects at high concentration. Endogenous biological CO arises from the enzymatic degradation of haem, mainly from haemoglobin turnover, catalysed by haem oxygenases (HO). The inducible form of HO, haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1) participates in endogenous cellular defence against oxidative stress. HO-1 confers cytoprotection in many models of organ and tissue injury where inflammatory processes are implicated, including sepsis. When applied exogenously at low concentration, CO mimics the cytoprotective potential of HO-1 induction in these models. CO confers protection against endotoxin shock in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, in a mechanism involving the modulation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase. CO protection against vascular injury may involve both anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. The protection afforded by CO against liver failure and inflammatory lung injury was associated with the modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Recent in vitro studies indicate that CO inhibits proinflammatory signalling by differentially inhibiting the trafficking of toll-like receptors (TLRs) to lipid rafts. Additional candidate mechanisms in anti-inflammatory effects of CO include the increased expression of heat shock proteins and the tumour suppressor protein caveolin 1.
Elicitation of Mucosal Immunity by Proteins of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2011)

Pneumococcal diseases such as otitis media, pneumonia, and meningitis are invariably preceded by nasopharyngeal colonization, and herd immunity against pneumococcal disease requires protection against colonization. An early study in mice demonstrated that mucosal immunization with cholera toxin B subunit as adjuvant could elicit solid mucosal immunity. Recent data from several laboratories provides support for three different mechanisms by which adaptive immunity can provide protection against colonization. (1) IL-17-dependent T cell immunity can recruit PMN to sites of colonization. This IL-17-dependent immunity can be elicited by immunization with antigen plus a mucosal adjuvant, or can be elicited by colonization itself. (2) Immunity against colonization can be mediated by mucosal IgA and at the mucosal surface passive mucosal IgA antibody provides much better protection against carriage than passive IgG antibody. (3) Complement-fixing IgG antibody can protect against colonization and may act by protecting against colonization of bacteria.
Segmental torsion assessment is a reliable method for in-depth analysis of femoral alignment in Computer Tomography (2017)

Level III.
A Family of Soft-Switching DC–DC Converters Based on a Phase-Shift-Controlled Active Boost Rectifier (2014)

High efficiency and high power density can be achieved with a dc-dc transformer by operating all the switches at a fixed 50% duty cycle. However, the output voltage of the dc-dc transformer cannot be regulated. Novel rectifiers named active boost rectifiers (ABRs) are proposed in this paper. Basically, an ABR is composed of a traditional diode rectifier and a bidirectional switch. By adopting phase-shift control between the primary- and secondary-side switches, the output voltage regulation can be achieved when introducing the ABR to a dc-dc transformer. As a result, a family of novel soft-switching dc-dc converters is harvested. When the proposed converter operates in the soft-switching continuous conduction mode, zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) performance for all the primary- and secondary-side switches is achieved. When the converter operates in the discontinuous conduction mode, zero current switching (ZCS) for the primary-side switches and ZVS for the secondary-side switches are achieved. Furthermore, the diode reverse-recovery problem is alleviated by employing the ABR and phase-shift control scheme. As an example, the full-bridge converter with voltage-doubler ABR is analyzed to verify the proposed ABR concept and converters. The operation principles, voltage conversion ratio, and output characteristics are analyzed in depth. Finally, experimental results are provided to verify the feasibility and effectiveness.
Free speech in an age of democratic backsliding (2023)

Journal Article Free speech in an age of democratic backsliding Get access Richard L. Hasen. Cheap Speech: How Disinformation Poisons Our Politics—and How to Cure It. Yale University Press, 2022. Pp. 264. US$27.50. ISBN: 9780300259377. Jacob Mchangama. Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media. Basic Books, 2022. Pp. 528. US$32.00. ISBN: 9781541600492. Thomas M Keck Thomas M Keck Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y., United States Email: tmkeck@syr.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Journal of Constitutional Law, moad058, https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/moad058 Published: 12 June 2023
[O−NSR]TiCl3‐Catalyzed Copolymerization of Ethylene with Functionalized Olefins (2009)

All zipped up: Titanium complexes are designed as efficient catalysts for the copolymerization of ethylene with polar olefins, such as ω-alkenol and ω-alkenoic acid. An organophosphine catalyst can be zippered on the polyethylene (see scheme; TBS=tert-butyldimethylsilyl, FG=functional group, MMAO=modified methylaluminoxane) to form an efficient and recoverable initiator for [3+2] cycloaddition.
Hybrid microneedles devices for diagnostic and therapeutic applications: fabrication and preliminary results (2015)

Microneedles are newly developed biomedical devices, whose advantages are mainly in the non-invasiveness, discretion and versatility of use both as diagnostics and as therapeutics tool. In fact, they can be used both for drugs delivery in the interstitial fluids and for the analysis of the interstitial fluid. In this work we present the preliminary results for two devices based on micro needles in PolyEthylene (Glycol). The first for the drugs delivery includes a membrane whose optical reflected wavelength is related to the concentration of drug. Here, we present our preliminary result in diffusion of drugs between the membrane and the microneedles. The second device is gold coated and it works as electrode for the electrochemical detection of species in the interstitial fluid. A preliminary result in detection of glucose will be shown.
Building quotient cube with MapReduce in hadoop (2013)

In order to solve the problem that how to improve the efficiency of query and calculation in massive data, a method of building quotient cubes in Hadoop plateform which combined the advantage of the quotient cube and MapReduce model is proposed in this paper. At first, all cubes will be established and their aggregate value will be calculated in the Mapping stage. All the key/value pair formed in Mapping stage will be passed to Reducing stage. Equivalence partitioning will be carried out In this stage, and the minimum aggregation cube of each equivalence partitioning will be the key with its aggregate value. According to the minimum aggregation cubes, we can get the quotient cubes. In order to improve the speed of parallel computing and reduce network traffic, equivalence class division will be executed locally after the Map stage, it is named as combiner stage. In this paper, MapReduce model is used to improve the efficiency of building quotient cube because of its ability of parallel computing in a large amount of data. In addition, the experiment proved that, under certain circumstances, increasing the number of Mapper/Reducer task can reduce the building time effectively, and improve the construction efficiency.
The impact of medical insurance on family financial support: evidence from CHARLS in China (2023)

Abstract Background In China, public medical insurance has expanded rapidly in the past 20 years. Many studies have discussed the benefits of medical insurance in improving residents’ health and financial stability, and increasing the utilization of medical services. Less attention is paid to the effect of medical insurance on family support between parents and children. This study focuses on the effect of medical insurance on promoting family financial support in China. Method Fifty-five thousand sixty-two individual samples were obtained from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS): 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018. Linear-regression model and propensity score matching are used to determine the relationship between medical insurance and family financial support. Then, mediation model is introduced to identify the mediation mechanisms. Also, moderation model is used to estimate the moderation effect of parental education and health. Results Medical insurance has significantly increased family financial support between the insured parents and their children. Moreover, this positive effect is heterogeneous since only families living in rural areas were affected, and the direction of family financial support changed with the aging of the parents. The welfare of medical insurance on financial status have also been proven in this paper. The results indicate that medical insurance reduces the out-of-pocket ratio of medical expenses and increases health investment, which can perform as as two mediation mechanisms to affect family financial support. Besides, the education and health status of the insured parents play a role in moderating the effect of medical insurance.
Image Analysis of Luster Images of Woven Fabrics and Yarn Bundle Simulation in the Weave - Cotton, Silk, and Velvet Fabrics - (2002)

The attractiveness of the textile fabrics are generally judged by visual or tactile evaluation methods. Since the surface of the textile materials are so diverse that the visual factors such as optical properties or luster of the fabrics are not easily measurable. While most of the cotton fabrics are not so much lustrous, calendering process could impart the cotton fabric better luster. Also, the general grade silk-like polyester fabrics resemble silk fabric with some limit in terms of luster properties. One of the interesting fabrics showing subdued luster is the velvet fabrics with dark shade. In this study, the luster related properties are examined using some image analysis methods. Yarn models based on the fabric weave types were developed to further investigate the effect of fabric crimp shapes due to weave on the optical properties or luster of the fabrics.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 3(5)‐Ethoxycarbonylpyrazoles. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.