gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small signal modelling approach for submillimeter wave III–V HEMTs with analysation and optimization possibilities (2016)

In this paper we present a new small signal multiport modelling approach for III-V High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMT) that is capable for internal transistor analysation and optimization as well as scaleable in gate width and finger-number. The new model decomposes the planar transistor structure into single multiport elements that are separately described by electrical equivalent circuits and connected to each other over discrete ports. With this new modelling topology we only need to extract a couple of multiport elements to predict the correct behavior for a high amount of different planar transistor structures. This point gives the circuit designer a wide range of possibilities to analyze and optimize a given transistor structure according to special needs, like low-noise, input-output matching or cryogenic behavior on a computer based level.
COMPARISONS OF MOLECULAR SIEVE OXYGEN CONCENTRATORS FOR POTENTIAL MEDICAL USE ABOARD COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT (1992)

Abstract : Medically-impaired air travelers requiring supplemental oxygen must depend on airlines to provide oxygen cylinders. Performance, space, and cost are considerations in providing this service. Tests were conducted in an altitude chamber to assess the viability of Molecular Sieve Oxygen Concentrators (MSOC) as an alternative. Five different MSOC were placed in the altitude chamber, and connected to a mass spectrometer outside. Gas concentration was digitized at one sample-per-second and stored on line via a microcomputer. Tests at ground level showed four of the five MSOC produced oxygen at 95% purity at 2 liters per minute flow, which was maintained until 13,000 feet. Increasing altitude resulted in graded reductions of oxygen levels. At 25,000 feet, only two MSOC withstood sudden decompression. Results of this study indicate that some MSOC indeed have the potential to provide oxygen for the medically-impaired air traveler.
Colonic anastomotic healing after preoperative chemo-radiotherapy in rat. (1999)

Preoperative pelvic fractionated irradiation and concomitant 5-FU delays anastomotic healing.
Capacity of weakly (d,k)-constrained sequences (2002)

We find an analytic expression for the maximum of the normalized entropy -/spl Sigma//sub i/spl isin/T/p/sub i/ ln p/sub i///spl Sigma//sub i/spl isin/T/ip/sub i/ where the set T is the disjoint union of sets S/sub n/ of positive integers that are assigned probabilities P/sub n/, /spl Sigma//sub n/P/sub n/=1. This result is applied to the computation of the capacity of weakly (d,k)-constrained sequences that are allowed to violate the (d,k)-constraint with small probability.
Parathyroid hormone sensitizes long bones to the stimulation of bone resorption by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1992)

In response to hypocalcemia the serum PTH level increases rapidly followed by a PTH-induced rise in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] production. Therefore, bone is first exposed to increased PTH levels before increased 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels. In the present study the effect of pretreatment with PTH on 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced bone resorption was examined. Bone resorption was measured as release of prelabeled 45Ca during culture from 17-day-old fetal mice radii/ulnae and metatarsals. Radii/ulnae and metatarsals are characterized by differences in development. In radii/ulnae mature osteoclasts are present, whereas in metatarsals only different stages of preosteoclasts can be found. Preincubation for 24 h but not 4 h with PTH increases the stimulation of bone resorption by 1,25-(OH)2D3 in fetal radii/ulnae but not in metatarsals. Coincubation of PTH and 1,25-(OH)2D3 did not result in a significant change in bone resorption compared to 1,25-(OH)2D3 alone. The observed difference in the effect of pretreatment with PTH between radii/ulnae and metatarsals indicates that PTH does not stimulate the development of early osteoclast precursors but that a certain level of differentiation of the osteoclast precursor is required. Pretreatment with prostaglandin E2 resulted in an effect similar to that of PTH. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin prevented the potentiation of 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced bone resorption by pretreatment with PTH. Thus, the present study demonstrates that PTH sensitizes responses to 1,25-(OH)2D3. PTH must be present before 1,25-(OH)2D3 to observe a potentiation of 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced bone resorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Studies on the compatibilization between polyamide and poly(arylether sulfone) (1996)

Abstract The influence of functionalized poly(arylether sulfone)s on the adhesion of a poly(arylether sulfone) and a polyamide was studied using a fracture test of sandwich specimens. All reactive compatibilizers used improve the interfacial adhesion. The chemical reaction at the interface between a maleic anhydride grafted polysulfone and a polyamide was analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Differing crack propagation mechanisms at the interface were observed by optical microscopy during the fracture test for the reactive and non‐reactive systems. Furthermore, the fracture surfaces were studied by optical and atomic force microscopy. Using transmission electron microscopy on ultrathin sections taken across the interface, it could then be shown that the interface was reinforced by the chemical reaction of maleic anhydride grafted polysulfone with the polyamide. The non‐reactive system fails at the weak interface, whereas strongly reinforced samples show cohesive failure in the polyamide bulk phase.
The Area of the Convex Hull of Sampled Curves: a Robust Functional Statistical Depth Measure (2020)

International audience
Advances in Magnetic Microbead Affinity Selection Screening: Discovery of Natural Ligands to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein (2021)

Affinity selection-mass spectrometry, which includes magnetic microbead affinity selection-screening (MagMASS), is ideal for the discovery of ligands in complex mixtures that bind to pharmacological targets. Therapeutic agents are needed to prevent or treat COVID-19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infection of human cells by SARS-CoV-2 involves binding of the virus spike protein subunit 1 (S1) to the human cell receptor angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). Like antibodies, small molecules have the potential to block the interaction of the viral S1 protein with human ACE2 and prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, a MagMASS assay was developed for the discovery of ligands to the S1 protein. Unlike previous MagMASS approaches, this new assay used robotics for 5-fold enhancement of throughput and sensitivity. The assay was validated using the SBP-1 peptide, which is identical to the ACE2 amino acid sequence recognized by the S1 protein, and then applied to the discovery of natural ligands from botanical extracts. Small molecule ligands to the S1 protein were discovered in extracts of the licorice species, <i>Glycyrrhiza inflata</i>. In particular, the licorice ligand licochalcone A was identified through dereplication and comparison with standards using HPLC with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry.
[Cranial injuries in childhood. Experience in 500 cases]. (1987)

We studied 500 cases of head injury in children from 0 to 12 years of age, to investigate the relationship between clinical signs and symptoms and the results Rx, EEG, F.O. and TAC.
Gridding-based direct Fourier inversion of the three-dimensional ray transform (2004)

We describe a fast and accurate direct Fourier method for reconstructing a function f of three variables from a number of its parallel beam projections. The main application of our method is in single particle analysis, where the goal is to reconstruct the mass density of a biological macromolecule. Typically, the number of projections is extremely large, and each projection is extremely noisy. The projection directions are random and initially unknown. However, it is possible to determine both the directions and f by an iterative procedure; during each stage of the iteration, one has to solve a reconstruction problem of the type considered here. Our reconstruction algorithm is distinguished from other direct Fourier methods by the use of gridding techniques that provide an efficient means to compute a uniformly sampled version of a function g from a nonuniformly sampled version of Fg, the Fourier transform of g, or vice versa. We apply the two-dimensional reverse gridding method to each available projection of f, the function to be reconstructed, in order to obtain Ff on a special spherical grid. Then we use the three-dimensional gridding method to reconstruct f from this sampled version of Ff. This stage requires a proper weighting of the samples of Ff to compensate for their nonuniform distribution. We use a fast method for computing appropriate weights that exploits the special properties of the spherical sampling grid for Ff and involves the computation of a Voronoi diagram on the unit sphere. We demonstrate the excellent speed and accuracy of our method by using simulated data.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbometalation Reactions (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Classification of European oak–hornbeam forests and related vegetation types (2023)

Abstract Aims Oak–hornbeam forests and related vegetation types (phytosociological order Carpinetalia betuli ) are widespread in temperate western Eurasia. However, their national classification systems are poorly compatible, and a broad‐scale classification based on numerical analyses is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to establish a unified formalized classification system based on a large data set of vegetation plots covering the entire range of these forests. Location Europe, Anatolia, Caucasus and northern Iran. Methods We compiled a data set of 15,817 vegetation plots from the European Vegetation Archive and the Hyrcanian Forest Vegetation Database, using the formal definition of the EUNIS habitat type T1E Carpinus and Quercus mesic deciduous forest. We classified the data set using TWINSPAN. Biogeographically and ecologically similar plot clusters were merged into oak–hornbeam forest types, which were interpreted as alliances. We also developed expert systems for automatically classifying vegetation at the alliance level for both the EuroVegChecklist (EVC) system and the revised classification. In addition, we calculated ordinations to show the major gradients in the species composition of the data set. Results We present a revised classification system of the order Carpinetalia betuli with nine alliances, including basic descriptions of their species composition, distribution, ecology and syntaxonomy. The analyses largely supported the biogeographic concept of classification, analogous to EVC. Compared to EVC, we recognized an additional alliance Physospermo verticillati‐Quercion cerridis (southern Italy) but found no support for the alliances Astrantio‐Carpinion , Erythronio‐Carpinion and Scillo‐Quercion . The greatest difference in species composition was found between the southern and northern‐northeastern Carpinetalia types. Expert systems for the revised classification system (~89% of plots classified) and the EVC system (~72%) are also included. Conclusions We provide the first comprehensive overview of alliances of the order Carpinetalia betuli across its whole distribution range. The associated expert systems allow consistent application of the classification of these forests in nature conservation, habitat monitoring, and biodiversity and ecological research.
“Fast” women? The effects of childhood environments on women’s developmental timing, mating strategies, and reproductive outcomes (2022)

The fast-slow paradigm of life history theory has been a popular approach to individual differences in the evolutionary behavioral sciences. Currently, however, the fast-slow paradigm faces several theoretical and empirical challenges. Motivated by questions regarding the validity of certain assumptions of the paradigm, the current study provides an empirical investigation of human female “fast” versus “slow” strategies. In a sample of 1,867 women recruited using MTurk, we use structural equation modeling (SEM) to test whether childhood exposure to different environmental variables had unique effects on proposed life history (LH) traits, whether mediated by—or independent of—pubertal timing. Models also test whether the proposed LH traits covary with one another as expected by the paradigm. Data reveal that exposure to violence and poor health in particular, but not environmental harshness or unpredictability in general, had significant effects on pubertal timing. Pubertal timing seemed to mediate effects of childhood environments on age at sexual debut, but not any other adult outcome (e.g., sociosexual orientations, reproductive outcomes). Some associations with mating strategies were incompatible with assumptions of the prevailing fast-slow paradigm; for instance, greater short-term mating orientation was positively associated with childhood socioeconomic status and negatively associated with offspring number. These results highlight the need for a new or revised theoretical approach to understanding developmental, mating, and reproductive strategies.
Essential Role of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 orf-I in Lethal Proliferation of CD4 + Cells in Humanized Mice (2019)

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the ethological agent of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and a number of lymphocyte-mediated inflammatory conditions, including HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. HTLV-1 <i>orf-I</i> encodes two proteins, p8 and p12, whose functions in humans are to counteract innate and adaptive responses and to support viral transmission. However, the <i>in vivo</i> requirements for <i>orf-I</i> expression vary in different animal models. In macaques, the ablation of <i>orf-I</i> expression by mutation of its ATG initiation codon abolishes the infectivity of the molecular clone HTLV-1<sub>p12KO</sub> In rabbits, HTLV-1<sub>p12KO</sub> is infective and persists efficiently. We used humanized mouse models to assess the infectivity of both wild-type HTLV-1 (HTLV-1<sub>WT</sub>) and HTLV-1<sub>p12KO</sub> We found that NOD/SCID/γ<sub>C</sub><sup>-/-</sup> c-kit<sup>+</sup> mice engrafted with human tissues 1 day after birth (designated NSG-1d mice) were highly susceptible to infection by HTLV-1<sub>WT</sub>, with a syndrome characterized by the rapid polyclonal proliferation and infiltration of CD4<sup>+</sup> CD25<sup>+</sup> T cells into vital organs, weight loss, and death. HTLV-1 clonality studies revealed the presence of multiple clones of low abundance, confirming the polyclonal expansion of HTLV-1-infected cells <i>in vivo</i> HTLV-1<sub>p12KO</sub> infection in a bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) mouse model prone to graft-versus-host disease occurred only following reversion of the <i>orf-I</i> initiation codon mutation within weeks after exposure and was associated with high levels of HTLV-1 DNA in blood and the expansion of CD4<sup>+</sup> CD25<sup>+</sup> T cells. Thus, the incomplete reconstitution of the human immune system in BLT mice may provide a window of opportunity for HTLV-1 replication and the selection of viral variants with greater fitness.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Humanized mice constitute a useful model for studying the HTLV-1-associated polyclonal proliferation of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and viral integration sites in the human genome. The rapid death of infected animals, however, appears to preclude the clonal selection typically observed in human ATLL, which normally develops in 2 to 5% of individuals infected with HTLV-1. Nevertheless, the expansion of multiple clones of low abundance in these humanized mice mirrors the early phase of HTLV-1 infection in humans, providing a useful model to investigate approaches to inhibit virus-induced CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell proliferation.
Star Polymers with Designed Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Agent Delivery Functionality Promote Plant Stress Tolerance (2022)

Plant abiotic stress induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in leaves that can decrease photosynthetic performance and crop yield. Materials that scavenge ROS and simultaneously provide nutrients <i>in vivo</i> are needed to manage this stress. Here, we incorporated both ROS scavenging and ROS triggered agent release functionality into an ∼20 nm ROS responsive star polymer (RSP) poly(acrylic acid)-<i>block</i>-poly((2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl acrylate)-<i>co</i>-(2-(methylthio)ethyl acrylate)) (PAA-<i>b</i>-P(MSEA-<i>co</i>-MTEA)) that alleviated plant stress by simultaneous ROS scavenging and nutrient agent release. Hyperspectral imaging indicates that all of the RSP penetrates through the tomato leaf epidermis, and 32.7% of the applied RSP associates with chloroplasts in mesophyll. RSP scavenged up to 10 μmol mg<sup>-1</sup> ROS <i>in vitro</i> and suppressed ROS <i>in vivo</i> in stressed tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) leaves. Reaction of the RSP with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub><i>in vitro</i> enhanced the release of nutrient agent (Mg<sup>2+</sup>) from star polymers. Foliar applied RSP increased photosynthesis in plants under heat and light stress compared to untreated controls, enhancing the carbon assimilation, quantum yield of CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation, Rubisco carboxylation rate, and photosystem II quantum yield. Mg loaded RSP improved photosynthesis in Mg deficient plants, mainly by promoting Rubisco activity. These results indicate the potential of ROS scavenging nanocarriers like RSP to alleviate abiotic stress in crop plants, allowing crop plants to be more resilient to heat stress, and potentially other climate change induced abiotic stressors.
THE PROBLEMS OF THEORETIC NEUROLOGY: INFORMATION-COMMUTATIVE THEORY OF HUMAN BRAIN AND PRINCIPLES OF ITS FUNCTIONING (2013)

The article summarizes contemporary scientific concepts of brain organization and structure. For the first time we developed information principles of brain functioning and the basics of information communicative theory of brain. Here we demonstrate that information commutative organization (ICO) of brain has multilevel structure of open type represented by the block of information capture and transfer (BICT) and the block of information processing (BIP). BICT is a switchboard with information dispatcher and router in nervous tissue (NT). BICT has system vertical and complex horizontal commutation. Brain ICPs are presented as interthecal information registers (ITIRs) that provide extraneural information processing in subarachnoid space (SAS) and subdural space (SDS) above brain. The arcs of conditioned and unconditioned reflexes close in SAS extraneurally when electro-magnetic waves (EMWs) of cortical ICM subscribers are reflected from the arachnoid mater and information is automatically sent to ICM receivers of brain cortex (reflectory ITIRs). Information processing (analysis, synthesis, calculations) is based on dissipation of EMWs of cortical NT ICMs in SAS and SDS cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) forming support and object EMWs, which, being reflected from the arachnoid or dura mater form holograms of information images matrixes (IIMs) by interference, diffraction and superimposition while IIMs are the basics of brain cognitive functions (cognitive ITIRs). The theory of brain can become a new milestone in the development of therapies of nervous diseases, neuromorphic computation, innovative systems of artificial intellect and novel approaches to brain-computer interface.
Phentolamine blocks ATP sensitive potassium channels in cardiac ventricular cells (1994)

Phentolamine blocks ATP sensitive potassium channels in rabbit ventricular cells independently of the alpha adrenoceptor. This blocking effect probably occurs at the intracellular side of the membrane. The antiarrhythmic effect of phentolamine may at least partially be explained by blockade of KATP channels and may thus partly be independent of its effects on the alpha adrenoceptor.
Coherent charge-phonon correlations and exciton dynamics in orthorhombic CH3NH3PbI3 measured by ultrafast multi-THz spectroscopy (2019)

We use time-resolved multi-terahertz spectroscopy for the range 4-40 meV to probe coherent and incoherent ultrafast charge carrier and exciton dynamics in the low temperature orthorhombic phase of the hybrid metal halide perovskite CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>. Time- and energy-resolved terahertz reflectivity maps reveal strongly damped but coherent oscillations in the 2-4 THz reststrahlen band, indicating charge coupling to a distribution of low energy phonon modes centered at 0.9 THz (3.7 meV or 30 cm<sup>-1</sup>). First-principles calculations reveal that these modes are entirely of mixed organic/inorganic sublattice character, with the power spectrum of the coherent oscillations showing a high frequency cutoff just at the onset of organic cation-only vibrations. Two anomalous reflectivity signatures are observed which are not phonon related, which we assign to a free exciton at 12 meV appearing on a 0.5 ps time scale and a defect bound exciton at 29-32 meV appearing on slower 1 ps time scale. Our measurements reveal the coherent coupling of charges to low energy vibrations of mixed sublattice character and the presence of two distinct populations of free and bound excitons at low temperatures.
Fatty Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation and Ultrastructure of Mitochondria in the Diabetic Rat Liver: Hepatic Factors in Diabetic Ketosis (1972)

Oxidative phosphorylation, maximum rate of palmitate xidation and ultrastructure of mitochondria (MT) were tudied in livers of ketotic, nonketotic and insulin-treated liabetic rats. Significant changes in oxidative phosphorylaion were found only in ketotic diabetes. Respiratory control atios were decreased for all of the substrates studied and vere primarily due to increased state 4 respiration with lalmitylcarnitine and 2-oxoglutarate, and lowered state 3 espiration in the case of succinate. ADP/O ratio was only partially lowered with 2-step oxidation of 2-oxoglutarate. The naximum rate of palmitate oxidation to acetoacetate was ncreased 90 per cent in MT of rats with ketotic diabetes ind 50 per cent in MT from animals with nonketotic diabetes. Accompanying these changes were ultrastructural alteritions of MT. The average size of MT in the diabetic rat liver was 50 per cent larger in cut sections. MT within hepacocytes in ketotic diabetes were distorted, enlarged, and had irregular shapes and contours. Cristae tended to be deranged; when isolated, crescentic MT were predominant, In the insulin-treated diabetic rats, these functional and morphological changes were not observed. The results imply that in diabetic ketosis, increased availability of free fatty acid(s) (FFA) in hepatocytes together with increased capacity of mitochondrial FA oxidation produces more acetyl CoA which in turn results in an overproduction of ketone bodies. Since a significant increase in state 4 respiration of MT isolation from ketotic diabetic rats was observed, FA oxidation may proceed independently of ADP availability because of “loose” coupling of respiration to phosphorylation.