gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical detwinning device for anisotropic resistivity measurements in samples requiring dismounting for particle irradiation (2020)

Uniaxial stress is used to detwin the samples of orthorhombic iron based superconductors to study their intrinsic electronic anisotropy. Here, we describe the development of a new detwinning setup enabling variable-load stress-detwinning with easy sample mounting/dismounting without the need to re-solder the contacts. It enables the systematic study of the anisotropy evolution as a function of an external parameter when the sample is modified between the measurements. In our case, the external parameter is the dose of 2.5 MeV electron irradiation at low temperature. We illustrate the approach by studying resistivity anisotropy in single crystals of Ba<sub>1-x</sub>K<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub> at x = 0.25, where the much discussed unusual re-entrance of the tetragonal C<sub>4</sub> phase, C<sub>4</sub> → C<sub>2</sub> → C<sub>4</sub>, is observed on cooling. With the described technique, we found a significant anisotropy increase in the C<sub>2</sub> phase after electron irradiation with a dose of 2.35 C/cm<sup>2</sup>.
APL two by two-syntax analysis by pairwise reduction (1984)

Benkard explains the precedence rules of APL with a syntactic binding hierarchy [1,2]. This paper uses the hierarchy as a basis for developing a more formal description of APL syntax which can be applied directly in a syntax analyzer. The flexibility of this approach makes it useful as a basis for examining the effect of proposed syntax changes and the consequences of previous design choices.
Structure of the Escherichia coli K2 capsular antigen, a teichoic acid-like polymer (1980)

The primary structure of the K2 antigen of Escherichia coli was elucidated by composition, alkaline fragmentation, dephosphorylation with hydrofluoric acid, periodate oxidation, and methylation analysis. The polymer contains galactose in the pyranosidic and furanosidic ring form. It consists of phosphogaolactopyranosyl glycerol and phosphagalactofuranosyl glycerol units in a molar ratio of 2:1. The sequence of these units is not known. The structure of the K2 antigen is reminiscent of that of certain teichoic acids of gram-positive bacteria. Using microprecipitation, it was shown that in the polymer galactoside is immunodominant.
Rapid generation of directed and unmarked deletions in Xanthomonas (1992)

We have devised a rapid four-step procedure for the generation of directed and unmarked chromosomal deletions in bacteria, based on the use of a novel cloning vector containing the Bacillus subtilis sacB gene that encodes levansucrase and confers sucrose sensitivity, which can be used for counter-selection. Using this technique, we describe the construction of a 6.5 kb directed and unmarked deletion in a phytopathogenicity region of the chromosome in Xanthomonas campestris. This procedure allows rapid and easy transfer of a wide variety of mutant allelic DNA to the bacterial chromosome, and should be adaptable to various bacteria besides Xanthomonas spp.
Maternal nutrition and offspring’s adulthood NCD’s: a review (2012)

Overnutrition and undernutrition during pregnancy are closely related to pregnancy outcome as well as neonatal and perinatal outcomes. This and more, from various published data it seems that the effect of maternal nutrition during fetal life stretches far beyond the neonatal period, and influences health issues in adulthood, from cardiovascular and metabolic disorders through mental illnesses. The purpose of this review is to update about overnutrition and undernutrition during pregnancy and their effect on noncommunicable adulthood diseases, and about leading theories on the subject.
New Highly Efficient Radical Photoinitiators Based on Si−Si Bond Cleavage (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTNew Highly Efficient Radical Photoinitiators Based on Si−Si Bond CleavageJ. Lalevée, M. El-Roz, F. Morlet-Savary, B. Graff, X. Allonas, and J. P. FouassierView Author Information Department of Photochemistry, UMR 7525 CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France Cite this: Macromolecules 2007, 40, 24, 8527–8530Publication Date (Web):October 30, 2007Publication History Received6 July 2007Revised10 October 2007Published online30 October 2007Published inissue 1 November 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma071489khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma071489krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views908Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Bond cleavage,Fluorescence,Light,Light absorption,Reactivity Get e-Alerts
Electronic and Magnetic Couplings in Free and π-Coordinated 1,4-Diethynylnaphthalene-Bridged [Cp*(dppe)Fe]n+ (n = 0, 1) Units (2009)

Treatment of freshly made 1,4-diethynylnaphthalene with Cp*(dppe)FeCl in the presence of either NaPF6 or NaBPh4 salts provides the new binuclear organoiron bis(vinylidenes) [Cp*(dppe)Fe═C═CH-1,4-nph-CH═C═Fe(dppe)Cp*][X]2 (X = BPh4, PF6, Nph = naphthalenediyl, Cp* = η5-C5Me5, dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane), 4H2[PF6]2 and 4H2[BPh4]2. The daughter bis(acetylide) complex 4 was obtained upon deprotonation of the vinylidene precursor 4H2[PF6]2 by an excess of potassium tert-butoxide (80%). The heterotrimetallic complex [{Cp*(dppe)Fe═C═CH}2-{μ-(η6-1,4-nph)RuCp*}][PF6]3 (5H2[PF6]3) was obtained upon reaction of the bis(vinylidene) 4H2[PF6]2 with [Cp*Ru(CH3CN)3][PF6] (82%). The regiopure bisacetylide isomer [Cp*(dppe)FeC≡C-1,4-nph(RuCp*)-C≡CFe(dppe)Cp*][PF6] (5B[PF6]) was isolated as a dark brown powder (61%). The IR, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR, cyclic voltammetry, Mössbauer, and UV−vis data were obtained for the bisiron(II) complexes 4 and 5B[PF6]. All these data and the X-ray crystal structure determined for 5B[PF6] reveal a strong metal−metal interaction across the bridge reinforced by the Cp*Ru+ arenophile. When reacted with 2 equiv of [(C5H5)2Fe][PF6], 4 and 5B[PF6] provided the stable bisiron(III) complexes 4[PF6]2 and 5B[PF6]3 (60−80%), while treatment of 4 and 5B[PF6] with 1 equiv of 4[PF6]2 and 5B[PF6]3, respectively, gave the mixed valence (MV) compounds 4[PF6] and 5B[PF6]2 (88−98%). All the iron(III) complexes can be isolated and stored at 20 °C. ESR spectroscopy and magnetization measurements established that strong superexchange interaction propagates through the 1,4-diethynylnaphthalene bridge (J = −517 cm−1 for 4[PF6]2 and J = −889 cm−1 for 5B[PF6]2). UV−vis−NIR spectra were obtained for the MV complexes, showing that a photodriven metal−metal electron-transfer process takes place over ca. 12 Å with a reorganization energy of ca. 4250 and 4410 cm−1 for 4[PF6] and 5B[PF6]2, respectively. According to the Robin and Day classification, both MV compounds constitute nice examples of strongly coupled class III organometallic MV compounds (HAD = 2140 cm−1 for 4[PF6] and 2230 cm−1 for 5B[PF6]2).
Food Information Data (2019)

The figures were based on historical analysis and consumer behavior deductive reasoning to obtain relevant data. Table 1 shows that survey of consumers’ opinions on and degree of confidence in the quality and safety of commercially available food:In 2015, according to a survey on awareness of food quality and safety focussed on urban residents, 87% of consumers responded that they took quality and safety into consideration when buying food, and 78% thought that food that was commercially available was not safe. Table 2 shows that in the context of an increasing number of products accompanied by inadequate information about safety, the likelihood with which consumers choose products irrationally increases, which consequently increases the risk of making a wrong choice. In other words, when fewer products with accurate quality and safety information are available, the risk of wrong consumption choices increases. Conversely, the greater the number of products with accurate information, the higher the proportion of consumers who make the right choices. Table 3 shows that the reasons consumers chose defective products and risked the possible detrimental effects from such choices were as follows: 1) Most consumers are not involved in the production of food under the Commodity Economy and are isolated from product information. 2) The rapid development of production technology and changes in product categories contribute to a lack of knowledge among consumers about the products, leading them to make irrational choices about new products. 3) Consumers are misled by inaccurate information.
Vasodilator Prostaglandins (PG) Prevent Renal Damage After Ischemia (1987)

Thromboxane (Tx) synthase but not cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors prevent acute tubular necrosis (ATN) after renal ischemia, a phenomenon believed to be due to stimulation of the endogenous production of vasodilating prostaglandins (PG). This study directly tests that vasodilating PG protect against the consequences of renal ischemia. Anesthetized, 500-g rats had right nephrectomy and 45 minutes of left renal pedicle clamping or sham clamping. The rats were treated with intravenous (I.V.) saline 1.9 mL/h starting 40 minutes after clamping or sham clamping. All rats except the sham group (N = 8) were pretreated 1 hour before ischemia with ibuprofen (12 mg/kg) to prevent prostanoid synthesis. Beginning 5 minutes before clamp release, the rats were treated intravenously for 2 hours with: saline vehicle (N = 9), PGE1 400 ng/kg/min (N = 6), nitroprusside 4 micrograms/kg/min (N = 8), or dopamine 3 micrograms/kg/min (N = 11). After 24 hours, sham rat creatinine level was 0.5 mg/dL and weight of the left kidney was 86.5% of the previously removed right kidney. Compared with sham rats, ischemia and saline treatment resulted in a rise in creatinine level to 2.7 mg/dL (p less than 0.05) and a rise in kidney weight to 101.9% (p less than 0.05); PGE1 led to a creatinine level of 1.1 mg/dL, a value lower than that of the rats treated with saline (p less than 0.05), and a kidney weight of 92.0%, a value similar to that of sham rats; nitroprusside and dopamine led to a rise in creatinine levels to 3.2 mg/dL (p less than 0.05) and 2.3 mg/dL (p less than 0.05), respectively, as well as a rise in kidney weight to 108.0% (p less than 0.05) and 105.4% (p less than 0.05), respectively. Histologic examination showed ATN in rats treated with saline, nitroprusside, and dopamine, but not in rats treated with PGE1. These results indicate that PGE1 protects the cyclo-oxygenase-treated kidney against ischemia-induced ATN.
Improving 2D-Log-Number-System Representations by Use of an Optimal Base (2008)

The 2-dimensional logarithmic number system (2DLNS), a subset of the multi-DLNS (MDLNS), which has similar properties to the classical Logarithmic Number System (LNS), provides more degrees of freedom than the LNS by virtue of having two orthogonal bases and has the ability to use multiple 2DLNS components, or digits. The second base in 2DLNS can be adjusted to improve the representation space for particular applications; the difficulty is selecting such a base. This paper demonstrates how an optimal second base can considerably reduce the complexity of the system while significantly improving the representation space for application specific designs. The method presented here maps a specific set of numbers into the 2DLNS domain as efficiently as possible; a process that can be applied to any application. By moving from a two-bit sign to a one-bit sign, the computation time of the optimal base is halved, and the critical paths in existing architectures are reduced.
Where Have All the Dreiling Tubes Gone? (2006)

The direct measurement of pancreatic function remains the best tool for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis, especially if imaging tests are normal or inconclusive. The most effective means of measuring pancreatic function is the standard hormone stimulation test using secretin. Traditionally, direct pancreatic function testing involves the fluoroscopic placement of an oroduodenal tube and collection of duodenal fluid containing pancreatic secretions after administration of a standardized dose of secretin and/or CCK. The test is time-consuming and tedious to perform, and placement of the oroduodenal tube is often difficult for the person performing the test and uncomfortable for the patient. Bicarbonate concentration typically has been measured by back-titration, requiring specialized equipment no longer found in most hospital clinical chemistry laboratories. For these reasons, the direct testing of pancreatic function after secretin stimulation has become a much admired but rarely performed test, currently done in only a few centers in the United States. In this issue of the Journal, Stevens et al. report on a cross-over study of secretin-stimulated endoscopic pancreatic function test (ePFT) and dreiling tube pancreatic function test (D-PFT) in healthy subjects and demonstrate that the accuracy of the ePFT is comparable to that of the D-PFT (17). They have demonstrated the relative simplicity and reliability of ePFT, bringing it closer to the diagnostic armamentarium of the practicing physician. We may have lost the Dreiling tube but, in its place, gained a "gold standard" which will be more widely used.
Amyloidoma of a spinal root (2003)

A unique case of amyloidoma presenting as a dumbbell-shaped tumor of a spinal root without bony erosion is described. Amyloid was also present in the facial nerve. DNA analysis for transthyretin was negative. Isolated amyloid fibers contained lambda light chains, and although plasma and urine immunoelectrophoresis performed by immunofixation was normal, it is possible the tumor may have been derived from an isolated plasmacytoma.
The evolution of the check as a means of payment: A historical survey (2008)

Though checks' popularity is now waning in favor of electronic payments, checks were, for much of the twentieth century, the most widely used noncash payment method in the United States. How did such a relatively inefficient form of payment become so dominant? This article traces the historical evolution of the check, focusing on its relation to complementary and competing payment technologies. Originating in the eastern Mediterranean during the first millennium as a convenient form of payment between local merchants, checks became more versatile through the development of negotiability in sixteenth-century Europe. The suppression of banknotes in eighteenth-century England further promoted the use of checks. In the United States, nineteenth-century legislation discouraged other payment methods and eventually led to a nationwide check payment system. In the twentieth century, under the Federal Reserve's leadership, checks expanded rapidly and became the nation's default payment method. The authors discuss some persistent historical themes surrounding checks: checks' ease of use, which provides advantages over other payment methods but creates risk to businesses and banks; checks' sophistication, which evolved through centuries of legal precedent and operational experimentation; and checks' high costs relative to other forms of payment. Checks' traditional dominance of the U.S. payment system, the authors conclude, resulted from historical happenstances. These events gave the check relative advantages that are only now being overcome by electronic payment technologies.
When the Software Goes Beyond its Requirements -- A Software Security Perspective (2012)

Evidences from current events have shown that, in addition to virus and hacker attacks, many software systems have been embedded with "agents" that pose security threats such as allowing someone to "invade" into computers with such software installed. This will eventually grow into a more serious problem when Cluster and Cloud Computing becomes popular. As this is an area that few have been exploring, we discuss in this paper the issue of software security breaches resulting from embedded sleeping agents. We also investigate some patterns of embedded sleeping agents utilized in software industry. In addition, we review these patterns and propose a security model that identifies different scenarios. This security model will provide a foundation for further study on how to detect and prevent such patterns from becoming security breaches.
Syncope: diagnosis and management according to the 2009 guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (2010)

The European Society of Cardiology has recently revised its guidelines on the diagnosis and management of syncope. This document is a synopsis of their recommendations.
Shock (2005)

Shock is recognized at the bedside when hemodynamic instability leads to evidence of hypoperfusion of several organ systems. Accordingly, shock is a clinical diagnosis. Successful management of shock requires a primary survey directed at urgent initial resuscitation, which confirms or changes the working diagnosis, followed by a pause to ponder the broader differential diagnosis of the types of shock and the pathophysiology of shock, which leads to early definitive therapy of the underlying cause of shock. Shock has a hemodynamic component, which is the initial focus of resuscitation, but shock also has a systemic inflammatory component that leads to multiple system organ failure. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring should be goal-directed and discontinued as early as possible. Throughout this chapter, the importance of the tempo of resuscitation is emphasized.
RESUSCITATION WITH HYPERTONIC SALINE/DEXTRAN SOLUTIONS DURING HEMORRHAGIC SHUCK IN SWINE (1987)

Division of Military Trauma Research, Letterman Army Institute of Research, Presidio of San Francisco, CA 94129–6800
A phylogenetic approach to following West Nile virus in Connecticut (2001)

The 1999 outbreak of West Nile (WN) virus in the northeastern United States was the first known natural occurrence of this flavivirus in the Western Hemisphere. In 1999 and 2000, 82 independent Connecticut WN virus isolates were cultured from nine species of birds, five species of mosquitoes, and one striped skunk. Nucleotide sequences obtained from these isolates identified 30 genetic changes, compared with WN-NY99, in a 921-nt region of the viral genome beginning at nucleotide position 205 and ending at 1125. This region encodes portions of the nucleocapsid and envelope proteins and includes the entire coding regions for the premembrane and membrane proteins. Amino acid changes occurred at seven loci in six isolates relative to the WN-NY99 strain. Although 34 of the isolates showed sequences identical to the WN-NY99 isolate, we were able to show geographical-based clusters of mutations. In particular, 26 isolates were characterized by mutation of C to T at position 858. This group apparently originated in Stamford, CT and disseminated to sites located as far as 54 miles from Stamford. Sequences of WN virus isolated from both brain and heart tissues from the same avian host were identical in all 14 tested individual birds, suggesting that the mutations we have documented are real and not caused by culture, RNA extraction, or PCR procedures. We conclude that this portion of the viral genome will enable us to follow the geographical and temporal movement of variant WN virus strains as they adapt to North America.
NFATc3, a Lymphoid-specific NFATc Family Member That Is Calcium-regulated and Exhibits Distinct DNA Binding Specificity (1995)

Signals transduced by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) regulate developmental transitions in the thymus and also mediate the immunologic activation of mature, peripheral T cells. In both cases TCR stimulation leads to the assembly of the NFAT transcription complex as a result of the calcium-dependent nuclear translocation of cytosolic subunits, NFATc, and the Ras/protein kinase C-dependent induction of a nuclear subunit, NFATn. To further understand the diverse roles of antigen receptor signaling throughout T cell development, we have identified a new NFATc family member, NFATc3, that is expressed at highest levels in the thymus. NFATc3 is the product of a gene on murine chromosome 8 that is not linked to the other NFATc genes. NFATc3, like other NFATc family members, contains a conserved rel similarity domain, and also defines a region conserved among NFATc family members, the SP repeat region, characterized by the repeated motif SPxxSPxxSPrxsxx (D/E)(D/E)swl. NFATc3 activates NFAT site-dependent transcription when overexpressed, yet exhibits a pattern of DNA site specificity distinct from other NFATc proteins. Additionally, thymic NFATc3 undergoes modifications in response to agents that mimic T cell receptor signaling, including a decrease in apparent molecular mass upon elevation of intracellular calcium that is inhibited by the immunosuppressant FK506. Given the preferential expression of NFATc3 in the thymus, NFATc family members may regulate distinct subsets of genes during T cell development.
Stability of elastic material with negative stiffness and negative Poisson's ratio (2007)

Abstract Stability of cuboids and cylinders of an isotropic elastic material with negative stiffness under partial constraint is analyzed using an integral method and Rayleigh quotient. It is not necessary that the material exhibit a positive definite strain energy to be stable. The elastic object under partial constraint may have a negative bulk modulus K and yet be stable. A cylinder of arbitrary cross section with the lateral surface constrained and top and bottom planar surfaces is stable provided the shear modulus G &gt; 0 and – G /3 &lt; K &lt; 0 or K &gt; 0. This corresponds to an extended range of negative Poisson's ratio, –∞ &lt; ν &lt; –1. A cuboid is stable provided each of its surfaces is an aggregate of regions obeying fully or partially constrained boundary conditions. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
PATCH and FETCH Methods for the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) (2017)

The methods defined in RFC 7252 for the Constrained Application
Protocol (CoAP) only allow access to a complete resource, not to parts
of a resource. In case of resources with larger or complex data, or in
situations where resource continuity is required, replacing or
requesting the whole resource is undesirable. Several applications
using CoAP need to access parts of the resources. This specification
defines the new CoAP methods, FETCH, PATCH, and iPATCH, which are used
to access and update parts of a resource.