gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreased olfactory mucus secretion and nasal abnormality in mice lacking type 2 and type 3 IP3 receptors (2008)

Although nasal mucus is thought to play important roles in the mammalian olfactory system, the mechanisms of secretion of it and its physiological roles are poorly understood. Here we show that type 2 and type 3 IP3 receptors (IP3R2 and IP3R3) play critical roles in olfactory mucus secretion. Histological studies showed that IP3R2 and IP3R3 are predominantly expressed in two types of nasal glands, the anterior glands of the nasal septum and the lateral nasal glands (LNG), which contain mucosal proteins secreted to the main olfactory epithelium. We therefore examined LNG acinar cells, and found that acetylcholine-mediated calcium responses and fluid- and protein- secretion in the acinar cells were markedly decreased in IP3R2-R3 double-knockout (KO) mice. We also found nasal inflammation and a decrease in olfactory capacity in IP3R2-R3 KO mice. Despite intact signal transduction in the olfactory epithelium, IP3R2-R3 KO mice exhibited elevated threshold sensitivity to odorants on in vivo imaging of olfactory glomerular responses and behavioral tests. Our findings suggest that IP3R2 and IP3R3 mediate nasal mucus secretion, which is important for the maintenance of nasal tissue as well as the perception of odors.
Standard Normal Variate Transformation and De-Trending of Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectra (1989)

Particle size, scatter, and multi-collinearity are long-standing problems encountered in diffuse reflectance spectrometry. Multiplicative combinations of these effects are the major factor inhibiting the interpretation of near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra. Sample particle size accounts for the majority of the variance, while variance due to chemical composition is small. Procedures are presented whereby physical and chemical variance can be separated. Mathematical transformations—standard normal variate (SNV) and de-trending (DT)—applicable to individual NIR diffuse reflectance spectra are presented. The standard normal variate approach effectively removes the multiplicative interferences of scatter and particle size. De-trending accounts for the variation in baseline shift and curvilinearity, generally found in the reflectance spectra of powdered or densely packed samples, with the use of a second-degree polynomial regression. NIR diffuse reflectance spectra transposed by these methods are free from multi-collinearity and are not confused by the complexity of shape encountered with the use of derivative spectroscopy.
Interactive Collision Avoidance Based on Surrounding Mobility Type for an Intelligent Powered Wheelchair (2013)

Abstract Electric powered wheelchairs have been developed for people with disabilities and the elderly who have difficulties walking and participating in social activities. However, for users with decreased cognitive abilities and judgment due to further aging, mobility aids that are not only powered but also intelligent are required. Intelligent powered wheelchairs with autonomous locomotion functions are one solution to this problem. This research focused on the complexity of coexisting “mobility types” on sidewalks and a prototype intelligent wheelchair equipped with interactive strategies for collision avoidance based on the surrounding mobility type was developed. In order to classify the mobility type of coexisting traffic participants, image-processing components combined with LIDAR were developed. Based on the classification results, the wheelchair selected and executed either a changing-lanes strategy or deceleration strategy autonomously.
Semi-Plant Scale Production of Gluconic Acid by Mold Fermentation (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSemi-Plant Scale Production of Gluconic Acid by Mold FermentationO. E. May, H. T. Herrick, A. J. Moyer, and R. HellbachCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1929, 21, 12, 1198–1203Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50240a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50240a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A longer view (1997)

From the water's edge to the first ridge a densely forested slope averages one in three. There is no path, only an irregular open strip a few metres across and shoulder deep with clinging fern like vegetation. The air is still: moist and oppressively hot. Flies in their black thousands swarm and buzz, too multitudinous to swipe away. Under a searing sun we plod on.

Onwards and upwards, one step at a time. Suddenly, discomfort turns to something worse. In a little clearing a couple of paces ahead a poisonous snake almost a metre long is coiled, tawny and zigzagged, its small bright eyes …
Learning Joint Gait Representation via Quintuplet Loss Minimization (2019)

Gait recognition is an important biometric method popularly used in video surveillance, where the task is to identify people at a distance by their walking patterns from video sequences. Most of the current successful approaches for gait recognition either use a pair of gait images to form a cross-gait representation or rely on a single gait image for unique-gait representation. These two types of representations emperically complement one another. In this paper, we propose a new Joint Unique-gait and Cross-gait Network (JUCNet), to combine the advantages of unique-gait representation with that of cross-gait representation, leading to an significantly improved performance. Another key contribution of this paper is a novel quintuplet loss function, which simultaneously increases the inter-class differences by pushing representations extracted from different subjects apart and decreases the intra-class variations by pulling representations extracted from the same subject together. Experiments show that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance tested on standard benchmark datasets, demonstrating its superiority over existing methods.
zds1, a Novel Gene Encoding an Ortholog of Zds1 and Zds2, Controls Sexual Differentiation, Cell Wall Integrity and Cell Morphology in Fission Yeast (2005)

While screening for genes that reverse the sporulation-deficient phenotype of the ras1delta diploid Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain, we identified zds1. This gene shares sequence homology with the ZDS1 and ZDS2 genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which appear to be involved in multiple cellular events. Expression of Zds1 in ras1delta diploid cells elevated their sporulation rate from 0.3 to 11.2%. Expression of the Zds1 C-terminal region increased the sporulation rate further (to 21.9%) while introduction of the Zds1 N-terminal region had no effect. zds1 expression did not induce sporulation in strains with mutations in genes participating in the downstream MAP kinase cascade. The zds1-disrupted strain is sensitive to CaCl2, and this effect is suppressed by the C-terminal region of Zds1. The growth of the zds1delta strain is markedly inhibited by cold temperatures, while its viability decreased in the stationary phase. Moreover, the zds1delta strain is round in shape and very sensitive to zymolyase, and its cell wall becomes thicker than that of wild type. Thus, zds1 must be required to maintain cell wall integrity. The Zds1-GFP fusion protein localized to the cytosol, the septum, and the cell cortex. Its localization in the septum was dependent on its C-terminal region. Overexpression of the C-terminal region of Zds1 induced multi-septa and abnormal zygotes. We propose that the C-terminal region is the functional domain of Zds1 while the N-terminal region is a negative regulatory region. Thus, Zds1 is involved in multiple cellular events in fission yeast, including sexual differentiation, Ca2+ tolerance, cell wall integrity, viability in the stationary phase, and cell morphology.
HIV Antibodies Screening in At-Risk Groups in Yaound� (Cameroon) (2015)

In an effort to prevent the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through blood transfusion all blood donors in Yaounde Cameroon are systematically screened. Of the 3535 donors screened between February-September 1987 only 10 (0.28%) were positive for HIV infection. Serologic tests were also performed on other population groups with the following rates of HIV seropositivity: 483 blood transfusion recipients (the majority with sickle cell disease) 0.4%; 30 patients with Kaposis sarcoma no cases; 13 patients with lymphomas and other blood malignancies no cases; 600 pregnant women 1.5%; and 9 infants born to HIV-positive mothers 66%. These rates are in dramatic contrast with the high HIV seroprevalence rates in neighboring countries such as Zaire Central African Republic and the Congo among the general population and blood donors. More research is needed to assess the relative influence of social cultural genetic and environmental factors and sexual behavior on the variations in prevalence of HIV infection in African countries. A puzzling finding in this research is the higher rate of seropositivity among pregnant women in Cameroon (1.5%) than blood donors (0.28%). Overall it appears that Cameroon is a pre-epidemic area for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and that preventive measures can stop or at least slow the spread of infection.
The Influence of the Newly Dosed UV Rate Distribution Estimation Method on Predictions of Disinfection Effects in UV Disinfection Reactors (2008)

平成19年厚生労働省省令第54号「水道におけるクリプトスポリジウム等対策指針」に示されたとおり, 日本国内の一部の上水道において紫外線照射の適用が可能となった.しかし, 紫外線照射槽における消毒効果は槽内の不均一な紫外線強度と分布を持つ滞留時間の積である紫外線照射量により決まるため, 紫外線照射槽の消毒効果の予測は一般に難しいと考えられている.そこで, 本研究では2種類の紫外線照射槽を用いて不活化実験とトレーサー実験を行い, 紫外線強度がより均一な紫外線照射槽の結果から, より高効率の紫外線照射槽の性能を予測することを試みた.その結果, 従来用いられてきた簡便な半径光による紫外線強度分布から得られる消毒効果予測値よりも, 新たに考案した修正半径光による予測値の方が実測値をより適切に表していた.また, 修正半径光を用いた場合, 紫外線照射槽外管の内表面での紫外線強度より大きくかつ平均紫外線強度よりも小さい紫外線強度で, 消毒効果が定まっていることが説明可能であった.
The prospects of hydrogels usage as a basis for curable osteoplastic materials (2017)

The article deals with the main types of the polymers used in hydrogel preparation. Their biological, physical and chemical properties was compared. Ways of polymers hardening and prospects of medical application were considered. The prospect of use of chitosan hydrogels activated by osteoinductors as a material for bone augmentation were concluded.
Nanoparticles mediated tumor microenvironment modulation: current advances and applications (2022)

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in cancer development and emergence of drug resistance. TME modulation has recently garnered attention as a potential approach for reprogramming the TME and resensitizing resistant neoplastic niches to existing cancer therapies such as immunotherapy or chemotherapy. Nano-based solutions have important advantages over traditional platform and can be specifically targeted and delivered to desired sites. This review explores novel nano-based approaches aimed at targeting and reprogramming aberrant TME components such as macrophages, fibroblasts, tumor vasculature, hypoxia and ROS pathways. We also discuss how nanoplatforms can be combined with existing anti-tumor regimens such as radiotherapy, immunotherapy, phototherapy or chemotherapy to enhance clinical outcomes in solid tumors.
<title>Associative Memory: An Optimum Binary Neuron Representation</title> (1989)

Convergence mechanism of vectors in the Hopfield&apos;s neural network is studied in terms of both weights (i.e., inner products) and Hamming distance. It is shown that Hamming distance should not always be used in determining the convergence of vectors. Instead, weights (which in turn depend on the neuron representation) are found to play a more dominant role in the convergence mechanism. Consequently, a new binary neuron representation for associative memory is proposed. With the new neuron representation, the associative memory responds unambiguously to the partial input in retrieving the stored information.
Crystal structure, CP/MAS xeon-129 and carbon-13 NMR of local ordering in Dianin's compound clathrates (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal structure, CP/MAS xeon-129 and carbon-13 NMR of local ordering in Dianin's compound clathratesF. Lee, E. Gabe, J. S. Tse, and J. A. RipmeesterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 18, 6014–6019Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00226a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00226a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Purification, preliminary structural characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Acanthus ilicifolius (2013)

Crude Acanthus ilicifolius (A. ilicifolius) polysaccharides (CAIP) were obtained by hot water extraction and deproteinated. Two major polysaccharide fractions, the neutral A. ilicifolius polysaccharide (NAIP) and the acid A. ilicifolius polysaccharide B (AAIP-B), were isolated from CAIP by chromatography using DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sepharose CL-6B. The molecular weights (Mw) of NAIP and AAIP-B, determined by high performance gel-filtration chromatography (HPGFC), were 11,775 and 23,161 Da, respectively. AAIP-B contained 51.23% uronic acid, characteristic of a pectin-type hetero-polysaccharide. Analysis of the neutral monosaccharide composition indicated that NAIP contained high proportions of arabinose, galactose and glucose. However, AAIP-B was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose and galactose. Their structure properties were confirmed by FT-IR. Both CAIP and AAIP-B had good free radical-scavenging capacities and reducing powers. AAIP-B was the most effective antioxidant in CAIP. AAIP-B (0.2 mg/mL) could scavenge 80% of DPPH free radicals and 56.4% of superoxide anion radicals.
Supporting the information needs of mobile microentrepreneurs in the developing world (2010)

This paper describes an ongoing research project exploring the business practices of mobile entrepreneurs, specifically mobile food vendors, and the potential use of location aware and mobile phone-based application to support their information needs. Mobile food vendors are a ubiquitous phenomenon in the developing world and can be seen hawking their wares in carts, bicycles, or motorcycles. In this paper we report findings from 28 interviews around business practices, challenges, personal histories, and economic wellbeing among mobile food vendors and 10 of their customers from five major Indonesian cities. Based on these findings, we point to characteristics and features of a mobile phone-based application that will enable these vendors to advertise their current location, accept orders from customers, enable customers' recommendation of vendors, and inform fellow vendors of various special events.
C. West Churchman. Statistics, pragmatics, induction. Philosophy of science, vol. 15 (1948), pp. 249–268. (1949)

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Focus on Smoke Inhalation—The Most Common Cause of Acute Cyanide Poisoning (2006)

The contribution of smoke inhalation to cyanide-attributed morbidity and mortality arguably surpasses all other sources of acute cyanide poisoning. Research establishes that cyanide exposure is: (1) to be expected in those exposed to smoke in closed-space fires; (2) cyanide poisoning is an important cause of incapacitation and death in smoke-inhalation victims; and (3) that cyanide can act independently of, and perhaps synergistically with, carbon monoxide to cause morbidity and mortality. Effective prehospital management of smoke inhalation-associated cyanide poisoning is inhibited by: (1) a lack of awareness of fire smoke as an important cause of cyanide toxicity; (2) the absence of a rapidly returnable diagnostic test to facilitate its recognition; and (3) in the United States, the current unavailability of a cyanide antidote that can be used empirically with confidence outside of hospitals. Addressing the challenges of the prehospital management of smoke inhalation-associated cyanide poisoning entails: (1) enhancing the awareness of the problem among prehospital responders; (2) improving the ability to recognize cyanide poisoning on the basis of signs and symptoms; and (3) expanding the treatment options that are useful in the prehospital setting.
Polygon-based compensation of proximity and density effects in photomask processes (2007)

In recent years, mask critical dimension (CD) linearity and uniformity has become increasingly important. The ITRS roadmap shows the mask CD control requirements exceeding those of the wafer side beyond the 45nm node. Measurements show that there are systematic, uncorrected proximity effects even when a state-of-the-art proximity effect correction (PEC) algorithm is used. The uncorrected proximity effect is predictable with a computational model. The model for e-beam lithography and etch process contains terms to model short-range pattern density effects and plasma shadowing effect in Cr-etch. The model is calibrated using CD measurements on a test mask. The model is valid for arbitrary 2-D patterns. We present a model-based mask process compensation (MPC) method which applies geometric changes to polygons as in OPC. We discuss the goodness of model fit to the calibration data; verification of the calibrated model by SEM images; and the improvement obtained by MPC. The mask writing error, i.e. final inspection CD minus incoming database CD, was reduced by a factor of 2 through the use of MPC.
Distributed video analysis for the advancing out of school learning in mathematics and engineering project (2016)

The paper proposes an open-source, maintainable system for detecting human activity in video datasets using scalable hardware architectures. The system is validated by detecting writing and typing activities that were collected as part of the Advancing Out of School Learning in Mathematics and Engineering (AOLME) project. The implementation of the system using Amazon Web Services (AWS) is shown to be both horizontally and vertically scalable. The software associated with the system was designed to be robust so as to facilitate reproducibility and extensibility for future research.
Studies on the Mechanism of Base-Catalyzed Decomposition of Bicyclic Endoperoxides (2003)

Kinetic studies were performed to clarify the Kornblum-Delamare reaction mechanism of bicyclic endoperoxides. Ascaridol and 1,4-diphenyl-2,3-dioxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene, not having alpha-protons, did not provide any reaction with bases. Reaction with different bases has revealed that reaction rates for the base-catalyzed decomposition of 2,3-dioxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene depend strongly on the base strength. The stronger the base used, the faster the conversion rate. Reaction rate values k of endoperoxides with different skeletons were also studied with NEt3. It has been noted that the strength of the base plays the dominant role in determining the rate of the reactions.
Folding versus Self‐Assembling (2003)

Model foldable polymers with sequences of rigid hydrophobic chromophores and flexible hydrophilic tetra(ethylene glycol) were synthesized and used as a paradigm for studying molecular-folding and self-assembly phenomena. Our results demonstrate that intramolecular association or folding prevails over intermolecular interaction or self-assembling in the concentration region from 1 microM to 0.1 M. Importantly, folded polymeric nanostructures have absorption and fluorescence properties that are distinct from those of unfolded polymers or free monomers. We hypothesize that the origins of folding and self-assembly come from interactions between molecular units, and that the key parameter that regulates the on-and-off of such interactions is the distance R separating the two molecular units. Each molecular unit produces a characteristic force field, and when another molecular unit enters this field, the probability that the two units will interact increases significantly. A preliminary estimate of the radius of such a force field for the perylene tetracarboxylic diimide chromophore is about 90-120 A. As a result, phenomena associated with folding or self-assembly of molecular species are observed when these conditions are met in solution.
Design and Simulation of a Physician-Based Fuzzy System for Ventilator Adjustments in ARDS Patients to Ensure Lung Protection (2023)

The acute respiratory distress syndrome patients largely need a mechanical ventilator intervention. There are procedures that have been developed to guide the physicians during the ventilation of the patient. Berlin definition of the acute respiratory distress syndrome has been developed with ventilator adjustment settings/procedures. The procedures may however be a challenge for some physicians to remember during the intense ventilator intervention. Physicians are found to make human errors that may lead to the death of the patient. This, therefore, calls for the need of a logic system that will reason for the physician, that is, guide the physician. A fuzzy logic system was used to build the fuzzy set rules based on the Berlin definition. The MATLAB Simulink was used to simulate the system. The results show that the fuzzy-based ARDS Berlin definition can guide the physician on the adjustments to be made during the ventilation.