gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: The Femoral Component (1995)

The initial results with cemented femoral revision stems were disappointing, with high early loosening rates. The application of second-generation cementing techniques improved results markedly, with loosening rates of 10% at 10 years in a number of series. Bone quality and patient age also appear to be important factors in predicting the success with a cemented revision stem. The use of a long stem is not necessary to obtain these improved results. On the basis of early reports, a recently described technique in which a revision stem is cemented into impacted cancellous allograft appears promising. Results with proximally coated uncemented revision stems have been variable, with failure rates of 4% to 10% reported at only 2 to 4 years. Initial stability must be obtained if proximal coating is to be utilized. Extensively coated revision stems provide initial stability through an interference fit between the porous coating and the diaphysis. With this technique, 10-year survival rates of 90% have been achieved, and the clinical results appear to be equivalent to those obtained with cemented revision stems and modern cementing techniques. Diaphyseal fixation has also been achieved without porous coating, either with modular revision stems or with long, textured titanium stems. Isolated early reports with such stems have been promising, but 10-year results are not yet available.
Fan-based creations - a look at Fan Fiction, Fan Art, Fan Films and Cosplay (2022)

This chapter introduces and defines fan-based creations in the fan fiction, film, art and cosplay formats. The impact of recent cases pertaining to the "transformative" doctrine, including the Warhol Foundation v. Goldsmith case, is analyzed, =. The fan film discussion focuses on the use of "guidelines" by entertainment conglomerates to control fan film content; and the cosplay section discusses the "Cosplay is not Consent" program to deter inappropriate contact with cosplayers at conventions.
QoS routing for mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

A quality-of-service (QoS) routing protocol is developed for mobile ad hoc networks. It can establish QoS routes with reserved bandwidth on a per flow basis in a network employing TDMA. An efficient algorithm for calculating the end-to-end bandwidth on a path is developed and used together with the route discovery mechanism of AODV to setup QoS routes. In our simulations the QoS routing protocol produces higher throughput and lower delay than its best-effort counterpart.
An efficient approach to dynamically weighted multizone wideband reproduction of speech soundfields (2015)

This paper proposes and evaluates an efficient approach for practical reproduction of multizone soundfields for speech sources. The reproduction method, based on a previously proposed approach, utilises weighting parameters to control the soundfield reproduced in each zone whilst minimising the number of loudspeakers required. Proposed here is an interpolation scheme for predicting the weighting parameter values of the multizone soundfield model that otherwise requires significant computational effort. It is shown that initial computation time can be reduced by a factor of 1024 with only -85dB of error in the reproduced soundfield relative to reproduction without interpolated weighting parameters. The perceptual impact on the quality of the speech reproduced using the method is also shown to be negligible. By using pre-saved soundfields determined using the proposed approach, practical reproduction of dynamically weighted multizone soundfields of wideband speech could be achieved in real-time.
Method and system for information retrieval and aggregation from inferred user reasoning (2023)

The visual analytic system enables information retrieval within large text collections. Typically, users have to directly and explicitly query information to retrieve it. With this system and process, the reasoning of the user is inferred from the user interaction they perform in a visual analytic tool, and the appropriate information to query, process, and visualize is systematically determined.
Fail-Safe Power for Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Implementing a Self-Sustained Global Energy Management System (2018)

This article studies the energy management of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) equipped with a battery, an ultracapacitor system (UCS), and a fuel cell system (FCS). The energy management strategy (EMS) is designed to enable degraded operation should an energy source fail. In the considered architecture, the vehicle is not operational without a battery because it imposes the dc bus voltage; therefore, degraded operations are only considered for failures in the FCS or UCS. The objective is not to develop a new EMS for each degraded operation mode but, rather, to slightly modify the global EMS developed for normal operation. The article presents simulation and experimental validation results.
Maturation of reticulocytes: formation of exosomes as a mechanism for shedding membrane proteins (1992)

The transferrin receptor is a member of a group of reticulocyte surface proteins that disappear from the membranes of reticulocytes as the cells mature to the erythrocyte stage. The selective loss of membrane proteins appears to be preceded by the formation of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). At the reticulocyte stage, many species of mammalian red cells including man, and one nucleated avian species (chicken), contain these intracellular structures in both natural and induced anemias. Also characteristic of blood containing reticulocytes is the presence of circulating vesicles (exosomes), which contain proteins and lipids characteristic of the plasma membrane. These exosomes appear to arise from the contents of the MVBs, after the fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane. The proteins in the exosomes are those frequently lost during red cell maturation (e.g., transferrin receptor). The major transmembrane proteins (such as the anion transporter) are fully retained into the mature red cell, indicating a highly selective mechanism of recognition of a specific group of proteins. The exosomes are largely devoid of soluble proteins and proteins associated with lysozomes or mitochondria. A speculative model is proposed which addresses the questions of the maturation-induced structural changes in a class of membrane proteins, their recognition and selective loss involving exosome formation, and the release of exosomes to the circulation.
DDX56 modulates post-transcriptional Wnt signaling through miRNAs and is associated with early recurrence in squamous cell lung carcinoma (2021)

We identified DDX56 as a novel independent prognostic biomarker that exerts its oncogenic effects through miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of Wnt signaling genes to promote early SqCLC recurrence. DDX56 may assist in identifying SqCLC patients at increased risk of early recurrence and who could benefit from Wnt signaling-targeted therapies.
Control and Implementation of the Parallel Enhanced Commutation Integrated Nested Multilevel Inverter Topology (2023)

Due to their high efficiency and advanced battery management capability, cascaded multilevel inverters are an exciting option for battery electric powertrains. A promising, new and highly efficient cascaded multilevel inverter is the Parallel Enhanced Commutation Integrated Nested Multilevel Inverter. The inverter, with four semiconductor switches per submodule, can reconfigure individual battery cells in series and parallel and generate positive and negative phase voltages in regular four-quadrant operation. Therefore, emerging degrees of freedom in battery management and inverter operation must be managed and mapped into a specific Switching State for every switch. As controlling the high number of switches is safety-relevant, this publication profoundly explains the inverter’s functionality. We introduce a Switching Function that accepts easy-to-understand functional states as input, simplifying research on higher-level control algorithms and advanced single-cell battery-management capabilities. As the Switching Function guarantees safe operation and the correct contribution of every cell to the overall functionality of the inverter, it enables researchers to confidently use and thereby accelerate research on the promising new topology. The method we describe is fast, simple, deterministic and designed to convert setpoint specifications into an executable Switching Pattern. We prove that our Switching Function is operable on an FPGA with a twenty-kilohertz setpoint update operating a 17-level inverter.
In SilicoInvestigation of Bitter Hop-Derived Compounds and Their Cognate Bitter Taste Receptors (2020)

The typical bitter taste of beer is caused by adding hops (<i>Humulus lupulus</i> L.) during the wort boiling process. The bitter taste of hop-derived compounds was found to be mediated by three bitter taste receptors: TAS2R1, TAS2R14, and TAS2R40. In this work, structural bioinformatics analyses were used to characterize the binding modes of <i>trans</i>-isocohumulone, <i>trans</i>-isohumulone, <i>trans</i>-isoadhumulone, <i>cis</i>-isocohumulone, <i>cis</i>-isohumulone, <i>cis</i>-isoadhumulone, cohumulone, humulone, adhumulone, and 8-prenylnaringenin into the orthosteric binding site of their cognate receptors. A conserved asparagine in transmembrane 3 was found to be essential for the recognition of hop-derived compounds, whereas the surrounding residues in the binding site of the three receptors encode the ligand specificity. Hop-derived compounds are renowned bioactive molecules and are considered as potential hit molecules for drug discovery to treat metabolic diseases. A chemoinformatics analysis revealed that hop-derived compounds cluster in a different region of the chemical space compared to known bitter food-derived compounds, pinpointing hop-derived compounds as a very peculiar class of bitter compounds.
Buckling and Post-Buckling Behavior of Uniform and Variable-Density Lattice Columns Fabricated Using Additive Manufacturing (2019)

Lattice structures are known for their high strength-to-weight ratio, multiple functionalities, lightweight, stiffness, and energy absorption capabilities and potential applications in aerospace, automobile, and biomedical industry. To reveal the buckling (global and local) and post-buckling behavior of different lattice morphologies, both experimental and simulation-based studies were carried out. Additionally, a variable-density lattice structure was designed and analyzed to achieve the optimal value of critical buckling load. Latticed columns were fabricated using polyamide 12 material on multi jet fusion 3D printer. The results exhibited that the buckling in lattice columns depends on the distribution of mass, second moment of inertia I, diameter and position of vertical beams, number of horizontal or inclined beams, and location and angle of the beams that support the vertical beams. The number of horizontal and inclined beams and their thickness has an inverse relation with buckling; however, this trend changes after approaching a critical point. It is revealed that vertical beams are more crucial for buckling case, when compared with horizontal or inclined beams; however, material distribution in inclined or horizontal orientation is also critical because they provide support to vertical beams to behave as a single body to bear the buckling load. The results also revealed that the critical buckling load could be increased by designing variable density cellular columns in which the beams at the outer edges of the column are thicker compared with inner beams. However, post-buckling behavior of variable density structures is brittle and local when compared with uniform density lattice structures.
Application of short-term methods to estimate the environmental stress cracking resistance of recycled HDPE (2020)

Abstract Environmental stress cracking is a serious problem for polyethylene because it can cause failure without any visible warning due to the slow crack growth accelerated by aggressive agents. Tie molecules and entanglements are the main macromolecular characteristic increasing environmental stress cracking resistance, thus in this work mechanical and thermal properties governed by those macromolecular characteristics are determined by performing simple tests executable in the industrial laboratories for quality control on recycled high-density polyethylene. The mutual relation between the determined properties confirms their dependence on the investigated macromolecular characteristics and allows to predict in a comparative way the expected environmental stress cracking. The mechanical properties related to the environmental stress cracking resistance are the strain hardening modulus and the natural draw ratio. The strain hardening modulus is an intrinsic property that measure the disentanglement capability of the inter-lamellar links and the natural draw ratio is a highly sensitive parameter to the macromolecular network strength via the intercrystalline tie molecules. Since the measurement of these properties according to the standard ISO 18,488 requires a temperature chamber not often available in the industrial laboratories, the tensile test was performed also at room temperature and displacement rate 0.5 mm/min; a proportionality between the data obtained at different test condition emerged. The thermal property related to the environmental stress cracking resistance is the stepwise isothermal segregation ratio that state the chain fraction that generates a high rate of tie molecules responsible of environmental stress cracking resistance.
Tailor: Altering Skip Connections for Resource-Efficient Inference (2023)

Deep neural networks use skip connections to improve training convergence. However, these skip connections are costly in hardware, requiring extra buffers and increasing on- and off-chip memory utilization and bandwidth requirements. In this paper, we show that skip connections can be optimized for hardware when tackled with a hardware-software codesign approach. We argue that while a network's skip connections are needed for the network to learn, they can later be removed or shortened to provide a more hardware efficient implementation with minimal to no accuracy loss. We introduce Tailor, a codesign tool whose hardware-aware training algorithm gradually removes or shortens a fully trained network's skip connections to lower their hardware cost. Tailor improves resource utilization by up to 34% for BRAMs, 13% for FFs, and 16% for LUTs for on-chip, dataflow-style architectures. Tailor increases performance by 30% and reduces memory bandwidth by 45% for a 2D processing element array architecture.
Quantum Computing Meets Deep Learning: A Promising Approach for Diabetic Retinopathy Classification (2023)

Diabetic retinopathy seems to be the cause of micro-vascular retinal alterations. It remains a leading reason for blindness and vision loss in adults around the age of 20 to 74. Screening for this disease has become vital in identifying referable cases that require complete ophthalmic evaluation and treatment to avoid permanent loss of vision. The computer-aided design could ease this screening process, which requires limited time, and assist clinicians. The main complexity in classifying images involves huge computation, leading to slow classification. Certain image classification approaches integrating quantum computing have recently evolved to resolve this. With its parallel computing ability, quantum computing could assist in effective classification. The notion of integrating quantum computing with conventional image classification methods is theoretically feasible and advantageous. However, as existing image classification techniques have failed to procure high accuracy in classification, a robust approach is needed. The present research proposes a quantum-based deep convolutional neural network to avert these pitfalls and identify disease grades from the Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset. Typically, quantum computing could make use of the maximum number of entangled qubits for image reconstruction without any additional information. This study involves conceptual enhancement by proposing an optimized structural system termed an optimized multiple-qbit gate quantum neural network for the classification of DR. In this case, multiple qubits are regarded as the ability of qubits in multiple states to exist concurrently, which permits performance improvement with the distinct additional qubit. The overall performance of this system is validated in accordance with performance metrics, and the proposed method achieves 100% accuracy, 100% precision, 100% recall, 100% specificity, and 100% f1-score.
Issues in confocal microscopy for quantitative FRET analysis (2006)

Previously, we have carried out extensive quantitative analysis of Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) data to show that polymeric IgA receptors and their ligands cluster in endocytic membranes in the process of sorting and trafficking in polarized cells. Here, we use a similar technique to assay the organization and distribution of another membrane-bound receptor: transferrin receptor (TFR) and its ligand, holo-transferrin (Tfn), while explaining the step-by-step measures to be taken for successful quantitative analysis of the FRET data. In particular, methodological issues in FRET quantitative imaging, such as spectral bleed-through and background correction, optimal selection of regions of interest, how to deal with outliers and pooling data and statistical analysis of FRET data, are addressed. Our results indicating a clustered organization of TFR-Tfn complexes fit the well-known homodimeric structure of TFR. These quantitative approaches can be adapted for other biological applications of FRET.
ChemInform Abstract: EINE NEUE SYNTH. VON DIHYDROIMIDAZO‐VERBINDUNGEN (1972)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung des Phenanthridons (I) mit Äthylendiaminomonotosylat (II) bildet sich bei 200 ‐ 250°C das anellierte Phenanthridin (III) in hohen Ausbeuten.
Aggregation and elongation indices of erythrocytes of patients with chronic renal insufficiency relate to antioxidant capacity FRAP and CAT/SOD Ratio values (2010)

The aim of the study was to evaluate multivariate correlation between selected rheological parameters and antioxidant defense biomarkers of red blood cells in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing hemodialysis. Measurement of hemorheological parameters was performed with Laser-Assisted Optical Rotational Cell Analyzer (LORCA). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were analyzed by Fridovich and Aebi methods respectively. Total antioxidant capacity, expressed as FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma) value was ascertained by the method of Benzi. 17 hemodialysis patients and 13 healthy control subjects were studied. It was observed that patients with renal insufficiency had significantly increased AI (aggregation index) when compared to healthy volunteers. Furthermore, these patients had significantly reduced index of deformability (elongation index - EI) in shear stress 0.58 Pa. It was found that dialyzed patients had markedly increased FRAP, which was accompanied by slight lowering of CAT/SOD ratio. Multivariate cluster analysis revealed that FRAP values were closely linked with AI whereas CAT/SOD ratio correlated with EI at the lowest shear stress pressures. On the basis of results, it could be supposed that imbalance between activities of CAT and SOD, may play crucial role in the impairment of red blood cells haemorheology in dialyzed patients. (NEFROL. DIAL. POL. 2010, 14, 22-26)
High-mobility β-Ga2O3($\bar{2}01$) single crystals grown by edge-defined film-fed growth method and their Schottky barrier diodes with Ni contact (2015)

High-Hall-electron-mobility and high-performance Schottky barrier diodes for edge-defined fed-grown () β-Ga2O3 single crystals have been demonstrated. A high electron mobility of 886 cm2/(V·s) at 85 K was obtained. By theoretical specific scattering mechanisms, it was found that the electron mobility for >200 K is limited by optical phonon scattering and that for <100 K by ionized impurity scattering. On Schottky barrier diodes with Ni contacts, the current density for the forward voltage was 70.3 A/cm2 at 2.0 V, and a nearly ideal ideality factor of 1.01 was obtained.
Evolution of Charging Programs for Achieving Required Gas Temperature Profile in a Blast Furnace (2014)

This article presents an approach by which charging programs in the blast furnace can be evolved. The core of the method is a mathematical model, which on the basis of a given charging program estimates the two-dimensional distribution of burden layers in the shaft. A gas flow model uses this information to estimate the gas distribution, applying a simplified treatment of the conditions in the upper shaft. The aim is to find the charging program that gives a state of the furnace shaft matching a target for the radial temperature profile at the level of an in-burden probe. This is accomplished by applying a genetic algorithm (GA) that makes an efficient search among the huge number of potential charging programs, executing the burden and gas flow models in the function evaluations. The method is illustrated by six cases, where targets for the gas temperature distribution are given and the GA evolves the charging sequence and the chute settings for the dumps. It is demonstrated that the algorithm efficiently can evolve charging programs which yield temperatures in agreement with the targets, which holds promise for a practical application of the method in the steel plant.
The Molecular Epidemiology of Varicella‐Zoster Virus: Evidence for Geographic Segregation (2002)

Of 75 varicella-zoster virus (VZV) isolates obtained from patients in Africa, Asia, and the Far East, 74 (98.6%) were found to be positive for a BglI restriction site in gene 54. By contrast, <22% of strains from patients in the United Kingdom and in North and South America were positive for the BglI restriction site. Viruses positive for BglI were significantly more common in zoster occurring in patients of nonwhite origin (P<.05). Irrespective of the country in which the sample was obtained, 98% of strains positive for BglI clustered within a single phylogenetic group, which we termed "group A"; the exception was 1 strain that appeared to be recombinant genotype C/A. We used the BglI site to examine both the spread of type A viruses in the United Kingdom and the patterns of VZV infections within persons from different ethnic groups who grew up in the United Kingdom or abroad.