gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On quadratic inverses for quadratic permutation polynomials over integer rings (2006)

An interleaver is a critical component for the channel coding performance of turbo codes. Algebraic constructions are of particular interest because they admit analytical designs and simple, practical hardware implementation. Sun and Takeshita have recently shown that the class of quadratic permutation polynomials over integer rings provides excellent performance for turbo codes. In this correspondence, a necessary and sufficient condition is proven for the existence of a quadratic inverse polynomial for a quadratic permutation polynomial over an integer ring. Further, a simple construction is given for the quadratic inverse. All but one of the quadratic interleavers proposed earlier by Sun and Takeshita are found to admit a quadratic inverse, although none were explicitly designed to do so. An explanation is argued for the observation that restriction to a quadratic inverse polynomial does not narrow the pool of good quadratic interleavers for turbo codes
Minimally Invasive Surgery: Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic and Foregut (2000)

This review is confined to the liver, biliary tract, pancreas, and foregut (oesophagus and stomach). The issues relating to laparoscopic cholecystectomy mainly concern the bile duct injuries associated with this operation. This review provides some evidence that although the risk for this iatrogenic injury is declining, it continues to be a problem and is accompanied by significant morbidity, mortality, and a huge escalation in care costs. Laparoscopic clearance of ductal stones is undoubtedly safe and effective, and issues have now focused on comparisons between this form of management and orthodox endoscopic clearance. Laparoscopic cardiomyotomy may well replace other forms of treatment of achalasia, including balloon dilation and botulinum toxin injection. As the results of laparoscopic antireflux surgery have been so good in the medium term, the question of medical versus laparoscopic treatment is being addressed by two randomized clinical trials. Gastric resection is established only in respect of excision of mesenchymal tumours. Gastric surgery for advanced gastric cancer must still be regarded as developmental. Laparoscopic liver resections and in situ ablation are still confined to developing centres, but the early results are promising. However, simpler hepatic procedures, such as de-roofing of symptomatic simple hepatic cysts, are well established and in widespread practice. Only a few centres have published their results on laparoscopic pancreatic surgery. The early reported outcome for internal drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts, enucleation of benign insulinomas, and distal pancreatic resections has been good, but the experience is limited.
Cyclic friction tests of ballast stones interfaces under varying vertical load (2020)

This data set contains results from cyclic ballast-ballast friction tests under varying load.<br> Two types of railway ballast were tested: “Calcite” (stems from Croatia) and “Kieselkalk”, also known as Helvetic Siliceous Limestone, (stems from Switzerland).<br> In each friction test, a stone with a distictive tip was sheared over a flat (stone) surface under a given normal load.<br> The applied normal load was increased from 10 N to 100 N in several load steps in each test.<br> For each applied load, a given number of cycles were conducted.<br> In total, 7 tests were conducted for Calcite and 8 for Kieselkalk.<br> The test results are provided in .csv files and contain (among other values) the measured coefficient of friction (CoF) values.<br> The test were organised in three test series. In all conducted test, the angular tip stones were 3D scanned before and after the tests.<br> Test series 1 and 2, involved a 3D scanning before each load increase.<br> The data of these tip scans are also provided (in .ply file format). From the 3D scans the contact areas were calculated (using an alogorithm described in the paper below).<br> A detailed description of the tests and discussion of measurements can be found in: B. Suhr, T.A. Butcher, R. Lewis, K. Six<br> "Friction and wear in railway ballast stone interfaces"<br> Tribology International 2020<br> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106498 <br> This data set is organised as follows: Folder FrictionTests: contains measured data from friction tests in .csv file format.<br> Folder TipScans: contains data from scans of ballast tip stones before/in between/after cyclic friction tests. Meshes are provided in .ply file format.<br> Folder TipScans: contains two files with detail information on the contact area calculation (for the two types of ballast tested) Each folder contains three subfolder: Series1, Series2, Series3, which contains the data of the corresponding test series,<br> see paper above for a more detailed description. Check the README.txt file for more information on the technical aspects The investigated ballast types are the same, as previously investigated 1) in uniaxial compression tests and direct shear tests:<br> Suhr, Bettina, &amp; Six, Klaus. (2018).<br> "Compression tests and direct shear test of two types of railway ballast [Data set]"<br> Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1423742 2) in shape analysis including 3D scans:<br> Suhr, Bettina, Six, Klaus, Skipper, William A., &amp; Lewis, Roger. (2020).<br> "3D scans of two types of railway ballast including shape analysis information [Data set]".<br> Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3689592
Chiral radial pentaynes exhibiting cholesteric discotic phases (1995)

The synthesis of some new chiral radial pentaynes exhibiting enantiotropic cholesteric discotic (ND*) phases at moderate temperatures is presented. By alteration of the lateral substituents we were able to obtain the phenomenon of selective reflection as well as a temperature induced helix inversion. In the latter, dilution with a nematic discotic compound has no influence on the inversion temperature, indicating that the phenomenon arises from a molecular property of the chiral compound. By adding another cholesteric radial pentayne with an almost temperature independent pitch, the inversion temperature is shifted linearly with composition in the cholesteric mixture confirming the additivity of the helical twisting power for chiral compounds in a cholesteric discotic system.
A personalized on-line calibration for photoplethysmograph based wrist wearable sensor (2017)

Heart rate estimation from the wrist-based photo-plethysmography sensor possesses a great challenge due to its poor signal quality. The potential problems are categorized as the different optical response of diverse skin tone, inconsistency in sensor placement and off line sensor calibration. In this paper, we propose a system which attempts at personalizing the wrist PPG sensor calibration with a joint objective of maximizing signal quality and minimizing energy consumption. Preliminary assessment demonstrates the feasibility of our proposed design and implies the plausible solution to be employed in the real field.
Linewidth and threshold calculations for a slotted, Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser (2013)

Linewidth and threshold calculations are made for a current-injected, partially 'slotted' semiconductor laser while including the effects of noise with an explicit derivation of photon-current coupling and varying reflectivities as a function of slot depth. Calculations are demonstrated to show good agreement with experiments.
Rate Analysis of Chemical-Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) for Solid Fuels (2012)

Chemical-looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) offers a promise to reduce energy penalty by facilitating the capture of CO2 emitted from power plants. It has a potential to lower the oxygen carrier inventory of the fuel reactor in contrast to chemical-looping combustion (CLC). The primary mechanism in CLOU for the combustion of solid fuels is their reaction with gaseous oxygen released by the decomposition of a metal oxide, which differs from CLC of solid fuels where the solid fuel has to be gasified first. The slower gasification reaction in CLC is subsequently followed by combustion of the fuel with a circulating oxygen carrier. The present study is concerned with the rate analysis from reported batch fluidized bed CLOU experimental data of Mexican petcoke particles by a CuO/ZrO2 oxygen carrier. The methodology to determine the kinetic parameters for CuO decomposition and solid fuel oxidation during the fuel reactor stage and for Cu2O oxidation in the air reactor stage have been discussed. The results of the study are expected to help in the development of a process model for CLOU, furthering the development of a pilot scale process.
Practical generalizations of asynchronous state machines (2002)

The authors propose to extend burst-mode specifications, a class of asynchronous finite-state machine specification that allows multiple-input changes. The proposed extensions allow concurrent transitions of inputs and outputs and input choices based on level conditional signals. An example that features the proposed extensions is presented and the deficiencies of existing specification styles, in particular, SG and original burst-mode are pointed out. The impact if these extensions on the hazard-free implementation of the 3-D machine and its synthesis procedure is analyzed. The results of experiments using the modified 3-D synthesis tool are presented and it is shown that the performance numbers are consistent with examples of comparable complexity not requiring the extensions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A 1:1 cocrystal of (1R,3S,4S,6R)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexabromo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropentalene and (1R,2R,4S,5S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexabromo-1,2,4,5-tetrahydropentalene (2006)

The components of the title compound, C8H6Br6 and C8H4Br6, are hexa- and tetra­bromo­penta­lene derivatives, which were obtained by the treatment of hexa­hydro­penta­lene with a tenfold excess of bromine. The asymmetric unit consists of two half-mol­ecules. Crystallographic centres of symmetry are located at the mid-points of the central C=C and C—C bonds. The repulsive inter­actions between the Br atoms may affect the mol­ecular geometry.
Asymmetrically Nanostructured 2D Janus Films Obtained from Pickering Emulsions Polymerized in a Langmuir–Blodgett Trough (2023)

Low-dimensional structures, such as two-dimensional (2D) Janus films, can be useful in studying fundamental interactions or in applications at the nanoscale. In this work, we report the fabrication of 2D polymer Janus films consisting of one smooth and another nanostructured facet on which silica nanoparticles (NPs) are self-assembled in a compact monolayer shield. The 2D films are made from Pickering emulsions of monomers in water, stabilized by NPs, which are spread over the surface of the water in a Langmuir-Blodgett trough. Following the spreading of the colloidosomes, oil droplets stabilized by NPs collapse, and the interfaces reorganize such that the NP monolayer is found exclusively at the oil/water interface. Upon compression followed by UV polymerization, a 2D solid film is formed, with one smooth and another nanostructured face. The film can be removed from the surface of the water and handled with tweezers. The 2D films exhibit different surface properties on the two sides, such as differences in water wettability. On the nanostructured side, water wettability can be tuned by tuning the surface energy of the nanoparticles, namely by changing their surface functional groups. Upon removal of NPs, the surface can be patterned with an array of circular traces.
GlyTouCan: an accessible glycan structure repository (2017)

Rapid and continued growth in the generation of glycomic data has revealed the need for enhanced development of basic infrastructure for presenting and interpreting these datasets in a manner that engages the broader biomedical research community. Early in their growth, the genomic and proteomic fields implemented mechanisms for assigning unique gene and protein identifiers that were essential for organizing data presentation and for enhancing bioinformatic approaches to extracting knowledge. Similar unique identifiers are currently absent from glycomic data. In order to facilitate continued growth and expanded accessibility of glycomic data, the authors strongly encourage the glycomics community to coordinate the submission of their glycan structures to the GlyTouCan Repository and to make use of GlyTouCan identifiers in their communications and publications. The authors also deeply encourage journals to recommend a submission workflow in which submitted publications utilize GlyTouCan identifiers as a standard reference for explicitly describing glycan structures cited in manuscripts.
Microfluidics using a thiol–acrylate resin for fluorescence-based pathogen detection assays (2015)

We demonstrate thiol-acrylate microfluidics prepared via soft lithography for single-step protein immobilization and fluorescence-based pathogen detection. Such microfluidics are formed via room temperature curing, and bonded without oxygen plasma. The background fluorescence of the resin was found to be similar to PDMS for several filter sets. We also show that thiol-acrylate devices are able to bond to gold-coated surfaces, which allows for integration with microfabricated sensors.
Workshop to identify critical windows of exposure for children's health: reproductive health in children and adolescents work group summary. (2000)

This work group report addresses the central question: What are the critical windows during development (preconception through puberty) when exposure to xenobiotics may have the greatest adverse impact on subsequent reproductive health? The reproductive system develops in stages, with sex-specific organogenesis occurring prenatally and further maturational events occurring in the perinatal period and at puberty. Complex endocrine signals as well as other regulatory factors (genetics, growth factors) are involved at all stages. Evidence from animal models and human studies indicates that many specific events can be perturbed by a variety of toxicants, with endocrine-mediated mechanisms being the more widely studied. Prioritized research needs include basic studies on the cellular-molecular and endocrine regulation of sexual differentiation and development; increased efforts regarding potential adverse effects on development in females, including breast development; expanded animal studies on different classes of chemicals, comparing responses during development (prenatal and postnatal) with responses in adults; and, more extensive explorations regarding the reproductive biology and toxicology of puberty in humans.
Understanding Bacteriophage Specificity in Natural Microbial Communities (2013)

Studying the coevolutionary dynamics between bacteria and the bacteriophage viruses that infect them is critical to understanding both microbial diversity and ecosystem functioning. Phages can play a key role in shaping bacterial population dynamics and can significantly alter both intra- and inter-specific competition among bacterial hosts. Predicting how phages might influence community stability and apparent competition, however, requires an understanding of how bacteria-phage interaction networks evolve as a function of host diversity and community dynamics. Here, we first review the progress that has been made in understanding phage specificity, including the use of experimental evolution, we then introduce a new dataset on natural bacteriophages collected from the phyllosphere of horse chestnut trees, and finally we highlight that bacterial sensitivity to phage is rarely a binary trait and that this variation should be taken into account and reported. We emphasize that there is currently insufficient evidence to make broad generalizations about phage host range in natural populations, the limits of phage adaptation to novel hosts, or the implications of phage specificity in shaping microbial communities. However, the combination of experimental and genomic approaches with the study of natural communities will allow new insight to the evolution and impact of phage specificity within complex bacterial communities.
Plasmonic Active “Hot Spots”‐Confined Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with High Selectivity for CH4 Production (Adv. Mater. 14/2022) (2022)

Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction In article number 2109330, Zhenyi Zhang and co-workers report plasmonic active “hot spot”-confined photocatalytic CO2 reduction over a well-designed Au/TiO2/W18O49 plasmonic heterostructure. The active “hot spot” can synergistically confine hot electrons, CO, and protons, thereby leading to high photocatalytic activity and selectivity for CH4 production.
Executable Set Theory and Arithmetic Encodings in Prolog (2008)

The paper is organized as a self-contained literate Prolog program that implements elements of an executable finite set theory with focus on combinatorial generation and arithmetic encodings. The complete Prolog code is available at http://logic.csci.unt.edu/tarau/research/2008/pHFS.zip . First, ranking and unranking functions for some "mathematically elegant" data types in the universe of Hereditarily Finite Sets with Urelements are provided, resulting in arithmetic encodings for powersets, hypergraphs, ordinals and choice functions. After implementing a digraph representation of Hereditarily Finite Sets we define {\em decoration functions} that can recover well-founded sets from encodings of their associated acyclic digraphs. We conclude with an encoding of arbitrary digraphs and discuss a concept of duality induced by the set membership relation. In the process, we uncover the surprising possibility of internally sharing isomorphic objects, independently of their language level types and meanings.
Abstract Machines for Game Semantics, Revisited (2013)

We define new abstract machines for game semantics which correspond to networks of conventional computers, and can be used as an intermediate representation for compilation targeting distributed systems. This is achieved in two steps. First we introduce the HRAM, a Heap and Register Abstract Machine, an abstraction of a conventional computer, which can be structured into HRAM nets, an abstract point-to-point network model. HRAMs are multi-threaded and subsume communication by tokens (cf. IAM) or jumps. Game Abstract Machines (GAM), are HRAMs with additional structure at the interface level, but no special operational capabilities. We show that GAMs cannot be naively composed, but composition must be mediated using appropriate HRAM combinators. HRAMs are flexible enough to allow the representation of game models for languages with state (non-innocent games) or concurrency (non-alternating games). We illustrate the potential of this technique by implementing a toy distributed compiler for ICA, a higher-order programming language with shared state concurrency, thus significantly extending our previous distributed PCF compiler. We show that compilation is sound and memory-safe, i.e. no (distributed or local) garbage collection is necessary.
Kalman filter tracking of dolphin whistle countours. (2009)

The sounds of animals surround us daily with a cacophony of chirps, tones, and squeaks. For some creatures, underlying this symphony is a great deal of structure and potentially a complex communications channel. As one of the more intelligent creatures, the sounds of dolphins are of particular interest for further examination. Typical dolphin sounds consist of a series of broad spectrum pulses overlayed on narrowband signals that vary in frequency over time. The research in this study applies a branching Kalman filter to track the frequency varying spectral lines. The generated tracks can then be analyzed for features of interest, common characteristics, and structure as an initial step in potentially creating a decoder key.
Effectiveness of Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Ultrasound-Guided Target Biopsy in Detecting Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer (2023)

Abstract Background We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound (MRI-US)-guided fusion biopsy for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPC) and analyze the features of those highly suspected of having PCa but shown to be negative in target biopsies (TB) in patients with prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) 4 or 5 lesions on multiparametric MRI evaluations. Methods We retrospectively evaluated all patients who underwent MRI/transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided fusion biopsies at our institution between April 2018 and April 2022. All patients with at least one PI-RADS 3 or higher lesions and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≤ 20 ng/mL were enrolled in our study and subjected to TB in the region of interest. CSPC was defined as grade group ≥ 2 (equivalent to a Gleason score of 3 + 4). Results The detection rates of CSPC were higher in patients who underwent systematic biopsy (SB) and TB (54%; 177/328) than in those who underwent SB alone (39%; 128/328). Statistically significant differences were noted in the detection of CSPC depending on age, prostate volume, PI-RADS score, PSA density (PSAD), number of biopsies obtained, lesion location, and ROI. Conclusion MRI/TRUS-guided fusion prostate biopsy increased the detection rate of CSPC. PCa was less likely to be detected in patients with a low PSAD, large prostate volume, past history of biopsies, and no family history among those with PI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions and should be considered in such patients and addressed by performing additional SB for improving the detection rate of CSPC.
Curcumin Loaded Nano Globules for Solubility Enhancement: Preparation, Characterization and Ex Vivo Release Study (2012)

Curcumin in spite of being an effective chemotherapeutic agent against different type of cancer, suffer from the problem of low systemic bioavailability due to low aqueous solubility, extensive intestinal metabolism and first-pass metabolism when administered via the oral route. The aim of present investigation was to evaluate the potential of nano globules based nanoemulsion formulation for the solubility enhancement of curcumin. The nano globules based formulation was developed using Labrafac Lipophile WL 1349, Unitop FFT 40, PEG 400 and distilled water as an oil, surfactant, co-surfactant and aqueous phase respectively using aqueous titration method. Furthermore, different formulations were subjected to physical stability and consequently evaluated for ex vivo permeation using small intestine. The optimized formulation had small average globule diameter of 58 nm with zeta potential of -32 mv which indicated long-term dispersion stability. The globules were spherical in shape as observed by Transmission electron microscopy. During ex vivo study, the release of curcumin from nanoemulsion was 96.21% and 98.1% in 6 h and 12 h respectively whereas CU suspension was release up to 28.2% at the end of 12 h. This indicated the enhancement of solubility of curcumin in aqueous solution which is the rate limiting step in the absorption of curcumin in the intestine.
Analysis Of A Satellite Interferometer System (SIS) (1981)

A satellite interferometer system (SIS) utilizing 1 O laser heterodyne systems has been investigated. In its simplest form, the system consists of a pair of satellites, one in a polar orbit and the other in a synchronous orbit. The spatial frequencies covered in a twelve hour observing period extend upward from the inverse of the earth's diameter, corresponding to a resolution of 10-12 radians. Absolute phase, corresponding to the constantly changing baseline between the two satellites, is measured by a simultaneous heterodyning of a calibration laser traversing the distance between the two satellites. The orienta-tion of the baselines is recorded from timing and sequencing the data, with corrections for time dilation and other perturbations.