gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability andin vivoantioxidant properties of lycopene from tomato products and their possible role in the prevention of cancer (1998)

Oxidative stress is recognized as one of the major contributors of increased risk of cancer. Many recent population studies have established a close link between dietary intake of tomatoes, a major source of the carotenoid antioxidant lycopene, and lowered risk of cancer. A study was conducted on 19 healthy human subjects to evaluate the uptake and in vivo antioxidant properties of lycopene, using a randomized, crossover design. Dietary lycopene was provided by tomato juice, spaghetti sauce, and tomato oleoresin for a period of one week each. Blood samples were collected at the end of each treatment. Serum lycopene was extracted and measured by high-performance liquid chromatography using an absorbance detector. Serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, protein thiols, and 8-oxodeoxyguanosine contents of lymphocyte DNA were assayed to measure lipid, protein, and DNA oxidation. Lycopene was the major carotenoid present in the serum. Dietary supplementation of lycopene resulted in a significant increase in serum lycopene level and diminished amounts of serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. Although not statistically significant, a tendency of lowered protein and DNA oxidation was observed. There was also indication that the lycopene levels increased in a dose-dependent manner in the case of spaghetti sauce and tomato oleoresin. These results indicate that lycopene is readily absorbed from tomato products and may act as an in vivo antioxidant. It may, therefore, play an important role in the prevention of cancer.
Dinitroazetidines Are a Novel Class of Anticancer Agents and Hypoxia-Activated Radiation Sensitizers Developed from Highly Energetic Materials (2012)

In an effort to develop cancer therapies that maximize cytotoxicity, while minimizing unwanted side effects, we studied a series of novel compounds based on the highly energetic heterocyclic scaffold, dinitroazetidine. In this study, we report the preclinical validation of 1-bromoacetyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine (ABDNAZ), a representative lead compound currently in a phase I clinical trial in patients with cancer. In tumor cell culture, ABDNAZ generated reactive free radicals in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, modulating intracellular redox status and triggering apoptosis. When administered to mice as a single agent, ABDNAZ exhibited greater cytotoxicity than cisplatin or tirapazamine under hypoxic conditions. However, compared with cisplatin, ABDNAZ was better tolerated at submaximal doses, yielding significant tumor growth inhibition in the absence of systemic toxicity. Similarly, when combined with radiation, ABDNAZ accentuated antitumor efficacy along with the therapeutic index. Toxicity studies indicated that ABDNAZ was not myelosuppressive and no dose-limiting toxicity was apparent following daily administration for 14 days. Taken together, our findings offer preclinical proof-of-concept for ABDNAZ as a promising new anticancer agent with a favorable toxicity profile, either as a chemotherapeutic agent or a radiosensitizer.
Activation of JNK Contributes to Evodiamine-Induced Apoptosis and G2/M Arrest in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells: A Structure-Activity Study of Evodiamine (2014)

Evodiamine (EVO; 8,13,13b,14-tetrahydro-14-methylindolo[2'3'-3,4]pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-5-[7H]-one derived from the traditional herbal medicine Evodia rutaecarpa was reported to possess anticancer activity; however, the anticancer mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of EVO on human colon COLO205 and HT-29 cells and their potential mechanisms. MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays showed that the viability of COLOL205 and HT-29 cells was inhibited by EVO at various concentrations in accordance with increases in the percentage of apoptotic cells and cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins. Disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential by EVO was accompanied by increased Bax, caspase-9 protein cleavage, and cytochrome (Cyt) c protein translocation in COLO205 and HT-29 cells. Application of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibited H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis, but did not affect EVO-induced apoptosis of COLO205 or HT-29 cells. Significant increases in the G2/M ratio and cyclinB1/cdc25c protein expression by EVO were respectively identified in colon carcinoma cells via a flow cytometric analysis and Western blotting. Induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein phosphorylation was detected in EVO-treated cells, and the JNK inhibitor, SP600125, but not the ERK inhibitor, U0126, inhibited EVO-induced phosphorylated JNK protein expression, apoptosis, and G2/M arrest of colon carcinoma cells. Data of the structure-activity analysis showed that EVO-related chemicals containing an alkyl group at position 14 were able to induce apoptosis, G2/M arrest associated with increased DNA ladder formation, cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, and elevated cycB1 and cdc25c protein expressions in COLO205 and HT-29 cells. Evidence supporting JNK activation leading to EVO-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest in colon carcinoma cells is provided, and alkylation at position 14 of EVO is a critical substitution for treatment of colonic cancer.
39-kD protein inhibits tissue-type plasminogen activator clearance in vivo. (1993)

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a plasma serine protease that catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step in the fibrinolytic cascade. t-PA is widely used as a thrombolytic agent in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. However, its use has been impaired by its rapid hepatic clearance from the circulation following intravenous administration. Studies with both rat hepatoma MH1C1 cells (G. Bu, S. Williams, D. K. Strickland, and A. L. Schwartz, 1992. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89:7427-7431) and human hepatoma HepG2 cells (G. Bu, E. A. Maksymovitch, and A. L. Schwartz. 1993. J. Biol. Chem. 28:13002-13009) have shown that binding of t-PA to its clearance receptor, the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor, is inhibited by a 39-kD protein that copurifies with this receptor. Herein we investigated whether administration of purified recombinant 39-kD protein would alter t-PA clearance in vivo. We found that intravenous administration of purified 39-kD protein to rats prolonged the plasma half-life of 125I-t-PA from 1 min to approximately 5-6 min. The plasma half-life of t-PA enzymatic activity was similarly prolonged following intravenous administration of purified 39-kD protein. In addition we found that the 39-kD protein itself was rapidly cleared from the circulation in vivo. Clearance of 125I-39-kD protein was a biphasic process with half-lives of 30 s and 9 min and the liver was the primary organ of clearance. Preadministration of excess unlabeled 39-kD protein slowed 125I-39-kD protein clearance in rats in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that specific clearance receptors were responsible for this process. Administration of increasing doses of unlabeled 39-kD protein along with labeled 39-kD protein resulted in a decrease in the amount of labeled 39-kD protein associating with the liver and a concomitant increase in the amount of labeled 39-kD protein associating with the kidneys, indicating two clearance mechanisms exist for the 39-kD protein.
Features and Challenges of Molten Oxide Electrolytes for Metal Extraction (2014)

The electrolytic decomposition of metal oxides to metal and oxygen is an extractive metallurgy principle that, when coupled with carbon-free electricity, drastically mitigates the global warming impact of metal production. The present perspective discusses the electrochemical engineering features of an unconventional electrolyte, molten oxides. A survey of its thermodynamic properties suggests exceptional features, both in terms of applicability to multiple metals and operation at high temperature to produce liquid metal. The review of molten oxides' transport properties indicates that an unprecedented throughput can be envisioned, a promising feature for tonnage production. However, our ability to define the optimal electrolyte composition with regard to energy consumption is rendered limited due to the lack of predictive tools for both of the reviewed properties. A look at the state of the art in electrode materials reveals that quantitative design criteria remain to be developed for both the cathode and the anode. Finally, the applications of electrochemistry in molten oxides are reviewed; thereby confirming most of the anticipated theoretical features.
Establishing Supramolecular Control over Solid-State Architectures: A Simple Mix and Match Strategy (2012)

With the help of robust principles of crystal engineering, it is possible to construct co-crystals where two or more different molecular entities coexist in the same crystalline lattice; the supramolecular assembly is driven by noncovalent interactions, most commonly by hydrogen bonds. We have synthesized two ditopic amide based ligands (N-(4-pyridin-2-yl)isonicotinamide) and (N-(3-pyridin-2-yl)nicotinamide) and systematically established their binding preferences when faced with aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with an odd and even number of carbon atoms. Each ligand was co-crystallized with four odd and four even-chain dicarboxylic acids, and 13/16 reactions produced crystals suitable for single-crystal structure determination. On the basis of these results, it is clear that carefully selected systems can be manipulated to produce assemblies in the solid state with very precise control over topology and dimensionality. These ligands can be made to produce either 0-D or 1-D architectures simply by fine-tuning the choice of co-crystallizing agent in the supramolecular synthesis. This mix-and-match strategy allows us to mimic the reliability and versatility of covalent synthesis, in terms of successfully preparing a target with predetermined connectivity and metrics.
Broadband integrated band-stop filter for horn antennas based on coupled SRRs (2016)

In this contribution, inspired by a common phenomenon that is well-known in circuit theory, we show a simple method to increase the bandwidth of a band-stop filter based on the use of split-ring resonators (SRRs). In particular, the basic structure of the filtering module consists of a single SRR placed inside a pyramidal horn to implement a self-filtering antenna with a notched-band behavior. In order to increase the rejected band, we placed a second identical SRR in close proximity with the previous one. If the distance between the SRRs is suitably chosen, the two resonators are properly coupled leading to a widening of the notched-band of the filtering module. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is confirmed by the results of full-wave numerical simulations.
Integration of Heterogeneous Digital Libraries with Semi-automatic Mapping and Browsing: From Formalization to Specification to Visualization (2005)

In this paper, we formalize the digital library (DL) integration problem and propose an overall approach based on the 5S framework. We apply 5S to domain-specific (archaeological) DLs, illustrating our solutions for key problems in DL integration. We use ETANA-DL as a case study to describe the process of semi-automatically generating a union catalog and a unified browsing service in an archaeological DL. A visual schema mapping tool is developed for union catalog creation. A pilot user study aids tool evaluation. Our approach is further validated through application of a general browsing component to two integrated DLs.
Differential diagnosis and clinical relevance of ovarian carcinoma subtypes (2012)

The five main subtypes of ovarian surface epithelial carcinoma (high-grade serous, low-grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell and mucinous) are different diseases, with differences in genetic and environmental risk factors, precursor lesions, molecular events during oncogenesis, patterns of spread and response to treatment. With recent advances in surgical pathology, it is possible to reproducibly diagnose these subtypes in routine surgical pathology practice. This review examines these subtypes of ovarian carcinoma, focusing on differential diagnosis, molecular features and current treatment strategies. The increasing understanding of the molecular abnormalities associated with each subtype is leading to exploration and introduction of more subtype-specific treatment of ovarian carcinoma.
New system for archiving integrative structures (2021)

Structures of many complex biological assemblies are increasingly determined using integrative approaches, in which data from multiple experimental methods are combined. A standalone system, called PDB-Dev, has been developed for archiving integrative structures and making them publicly available. Here, the data standards and software tools that support PDB-Dev are described along with the new and updated components of the PDB-Dev data-collection, processing and archiving infrastructure. Following the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) principles, PDB-Dev ensures that the results of integrative structure determinations are freely accessible to everyone.
Vitamin D Deficiency In The Northern Region Of Al-Riyadh City (2018)

<strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong><em> There are multiple studies done in different countries regarding the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is worldwide problem and cost effective. Many studies showed high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Middle East countries. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the northern region of Al-Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.</em> <strong><em>Method:</em></strong><em> A cross-sectional study was carried out in 65 participants whom aged 9-61 years old </em> <em>Randomly chosen from the clinic in May 2018 then systemic sampling starting from the number (2,4,6,8….) and selected 32 participants (16 males and 16 females) for vitamin D deficiency evaluation.</em> <em>Results:</em><em> More than half of the participants whom involved in this study have vitamin D deficiency 22 (68.75%). Regarding the gender we found that vitamin D deficiency is more common on females than males (47% and 22%) respectively. Also, whom have normal values of vitamin D are 10 (31%) participants. All participants know the benefit of sunshine on the body but few participants do regular exercise and expose their bodies on the sun. </em> <strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong><em> Vitamin D deficiency has a high prevalence in the northern region in Al-Riyadh City. In addition, it had been noticed that females are more common to have this deficiency than males. In order to avoid complications of vitamin D deficiency, public educations are needed to increase the level of awareness among general population and to supply dietary intake with vitamin D to compensate the deficiency.</em> <strong>Key words:</strong><em> vitamin D, prevalence, Saudi Arabia.</em>
Long-term prediction of μECOG signals with a spatio-temporal pyramid of adversarial convolutional networks (2018)

Video prediction into sufficiently long future has many potential applications. Modeling long-term dynamics for times series is challenging with convolution neural network structure, which is usually good for capturing short-term dependencies. In this work, we propose to embed the convolutional neural network within a spatial-temporal pyramid structure, to exploit both long-term and short-term temporal dependency and capture both macro-scale and micro-scale spatial structures. The prediction at a given scale is conditioned on the features extracted from a lower scale and past observations from the current scale. In order to overcome the blurry issue caused by the mean square error loss, we add a critic model with Wasserstein distance based adversarial loss to complement MSE. We compare our spatio-temporal pyramid model against a single scale convolution network as well as a model with multiple spatial scales only, and demonstrate that our pyramid structure performs better for predicting up to 24 future frames.
Fiber Brillouin ring laser without polarization-fluctuation-induced instability: a candidate applicable for Brillouin fiber optic gyro (1994)

A fiber Brillouin ring laser free from polarization fluctuation induced instability is experimentally demonstrated. Stable lasing characteristics having already been analyzed by our group are confirmed. This laser is especially applicable for Brillouin fiber optic gyros.
New methods for using computer-aided detection information for the detection of lung nodules on chest radiographs (2014)

(1) Interactive use of currently available CAD software did not improve the radiologists' detection performance of lung nodules on chest radiographs. (2) Independently combining the interpretations of the radiologist and the CAD system improved detection of lung nodules on chest radiographs.
Separation of enantiomers of baclofen (1996)

(3-(Aminomethyl)-4-chlorobenzenepropanoic acid (Baclofen), 3-(p-chlorophenyl)pyrrolidone (Baclofen lactam) and 3-(p-Chlorophenyl)glutaramide (baclofen's synthetic precursor) were individually used as substrates in co-crystallisation experiments with several resolving agents. Experiments were conducted in the solid state and in solution. The (-) enantiomer of the lactam and the ( +) enantiomer of the glutaramide were found to cocrystallise selectively with (2R,3R)-( +)-tartaric acid and (S)-(-)-a.-Methylbenzylamine respectively. Both these dissociable diastereomers Vere analysed by X-ray crystallography. HPLC analysis of the lactam retrieved from the former co-crystals indicated only partial separation of its (+) and (-) enantiomers. X-ray crystallographic, thermal, and polarimetric analyses were perfom1ed on the ( + )- and (-)-salts of the latter co-crystals. The solubilities of these salts in methanol were found to differ by a factor of 4. A solubility diagram was established showing the phase equilibria of various ratios of these two salts in methanol. The(+) enantiomer of the glutaramide was separated from the methylbenzylamine in the (+) salt by treatment with HCI. This enantiomer was converted to (R)-(-)-Baclofen by means of a Hofinann Rearrangement with an overall yield of 40%. The enantiomeric excess of (R)-(".")-Baclofen was 99.7%.
Improved millimeter-wave mixer performance analysis at cryogenic temperatures (1991)

The results of a 600-GHz mixer performance analysis using an improved model for computing the Schottky diode capacitance-voltage (C-V) relationship are presented. The computed C-V data for a realistic submillimeter-wave mixer diode are given as a function of physical temperature and compared to the standard analytic expression based on a solution of Poisson's equation. Both C-V relationships are used to predict the performance of an ideally terminated 600 GHz mixer operating at 300, 140, 80, and 30 K. It is shown that the drift-diffusion model more accurately describes the mixer performance when the physical temperature is reduced below approximately=100 K.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Interval isotachophoresis for purification and isolation of ionogenic species (1998)

A new preparative electrophoretic method in free solution is described, consisting of three consecutive steps: (i) filling the separation chamber with a suitable electrolyte system and sample in parallel streams by laminar hydrodynamic flow, (ii) applying the voltage across the chamber with isotachophoretic separation for a definite time interval operating in the direction perpendicular to that of filling, (iii) reapplying a hydrodynamic flow (without voltage) and collecting the separated species via an array of outlets. This approach completely eliminates the main drawback of the continuous flow electrophoresis (CFE), i.e., the electrohydrodynamic distortion of zones. This method utilizes the instrumentation devised for CFE and enables the isolation of large amounts of individual sample species comparable to that of CFE, with a resolution comparable to that of capillary isotachophoresis. The precise timing of the consecutive steps in the procedure as well as the stability of the operational parameters are of key importance for reproducibility. By using cationic isotachophoresis with 3 synthetic pI markers as model sample species, the reproducibility, stability and the separation power of the newly presented method are demonstrated. The sample throughput corresponds to micromoles per hour.
Experimental study and microstructure Simulation of Zn-Al-Mg coatings (2005)

The high corrosion resistance afforded by Zn + 5wt.% Al coatings is further improved by low level additions of Mg in the galvanizing bath. The effect of Mg additions on the microstructure and on the properties of the coatings has been investigated. Phase field modelling was used to simulate the influence of Mg on the eutectic microstructure. Experimental results on the effect of Mg on the ductility and on the corrosion resistance of the coating are also reported.
Phenomena of Image Sharpness Recognition of CdS and CdSe Photoconductors (1964)

A theory is presented to account for the fact that a photoconductive cell can detect when an image projected on it is in sharpest focus. Each of the small particles in the photoconductive surface is treated as an individual photoconductor in series–parallel connection with all the other particles. When the distribution of light on the surface of such a photoconductive cell is varied (total incident flux being constant) the total conductance across the whole surface of the cell depends upon detail contrast, acutance, and other factors of the projected image. The observed dependence of conductance on sharpness of focus can be explained by this theory.
Response analysis and type discrimination of power system forced oscillation (2015)

Mechanism and countermeasures for free power oscillation and forced power oscillation are different. The key to suppress them is to locate, discriminate, and then take effective measures. In this paper, an explicit expression for forced power oscillation response of a multi-machine power system is firstly obtained. Simplifications are then made by using the conditions of resonant oscillation and beat frequency oscillation. Lastly, differences in frequencies and damping ratios of components forced power oscillation are analyzed and used for criteria for discriminating forced power oscillation from free power oscillations. Simulation results of the New England test system demonstrate the effectiveness of the forced power oscillation response analysis.
Frequency-Tunable Parity-Time-Symmetric Optoelectronic Oscillator Using a Polarization-Dependent Sagnac Loop (2020)

A widely frequency-tunable parity-time (PT) symmetric optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) implemented based on a single polarization-dependent Sagnac loop is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Two mutually coupled feedback loops having an identical geometry with balanced gain and loss are implemented to achieve PT-symmetry, which is essential for single-mode selection without using an ultra-narrow passband microwave filter. In the implementation, a Sagnac loop consisting of a polarization beam splitter (PBS) and two polarization controllers (PCs) is employed which functions equivalently as two mutually coupled feedback loops, with the gain, loss and coupling coefficient being independently controllable. Since only a single physical loop is used, the implementation is greatly simplified and the stability is highly improved. The operation of the proposed OEO is experimentally verified. Stable single-mode oscillation with a wide frequency tunable range from 2 to 12 GHz is achieved. The phase noise is -128 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 10 kHz.