gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contrasting Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) for Big Data Analysis (2018)

Recently, CNNs have become very popular in the machine learning field, due to their high predictive power in classification problems that involve very high dimensional data with tens of hundreds of different classes. CNN is a natural extension to MLP with few modifications which resulted in a breakthrough. Mainly, the MLP algebraic dot product as a similarity function was replaced with 2-d convolution; in addition to a pooling layer which reduces parameter dimensions making the model equi-variant to translations, distortions, and transformations. The sparse connectivity nature of CNN is also a variation to the MLP. The two models were implemented on the EMNIST dataset which was used as 50% and 100% of its capacity. The models were trained with fixed and flexible number of epochs in two runs. Using 100% of EMNIST; for the fixed run CNN achieved test accuracy of 92% and MLP 31.43%, where in the flexible run the CNN achieved 92% and MLP 89.47%. Using 50% of EMNIST; for the fixed run CNN achieved test accuracy of 92.9% and MLP 33.75%, where in the flexible run of 92.9% and MLP 88.20%. The CNN demonstrated a good maintenance of high accuracy for image like inputs and also proved to be a better candidate for big data applications.
Neural Plastic Changes in the Subcortical Auditory Neural Pathway after Single-Sided Deafness in Adult Mice: A MEMRI Study (2018)

Single-sided deafness (SSD) induces cortical neural plastic changes according to duration of deafness. However, it is still unclear how the auditory cortical changes accompany the subcortical neural changes. The present study aimed to find the neural plastic changes in the cortical and subcortical auditory system following adult-onset single-sided deafness (SSD) using Mn-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI). B57BL/6 mice (postnatal 8-week-old) were divided into three groups: the SSD-4-week group (postnatal 12-week-old, n = 11), the SSD-8-week group (postnatal 16-week-old, n = 11), and a normal-hearing control group (postnatal 8-week-old, n = 9). The left cochlea was ablated in the SSD groups. White Gaussian noise was delivered for 24 h before MEMRI acquisition. T<sub>1</sub>-weighted MRI data were analyzed from the cochlear nucleus (CN), superior olivary complex (SOC), lateral lemniscus (LL), inferior colliculus (IC), medial geniculate body (MG), and auditory cortex (AC). The differences in relative Mn<sup>2+</sup>-enhanced signal intensities (Mn<sup>2+</sup>SI) and laterality were analyzed between the groups. Four weeks after the SSD procedure, the ipsilateral side of the SSD showed significantly lower Mn<sup>2+</sup>SI in the CN than the control group. On the other hand, the contralateral side of the SSD demonstrated significantly lower Mn<sup>2+</sup>SI in the SOC, LL, and IC. These decreased Mn<sup>2+</sup>SI values were partially recovered at 8 weeks after the SSD procedure. The interaural Mn<sup>2+</sup>SI differences representing the interaural dominance were highest in CN and then became less prominently higher in the auditory neural system. The SSD-8-week group still showed interaural differences in the CN, LL, and IC. In contrast, the MG and AC did not show any significant intergroup or interaural differences in Mn<sup>2+</sup>SI. In conclusion, subcortical auditory neural activities were decreased after SSD, and the interaural differences were diluted in the higher auditory nervous system. These findings were attenuated with time. Subcortical auditory neural changes after SSD may contribute to the change in tinnitus severity and the outcomes of cochlear implantation in SSD patients.
Implications of the differing roles of the β1 and β3 transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains for integrin function (2016)

Integrins are transmembrane receptors composed of α and β subunits. Although most integrins contain β1, canonical activation mechanisms are based on studies of the platelet integrin, αIIbβ3. Its inactive conformation is characterized by the association of the αIIb transmembrane and cytosolic domain (TM/CT) with a tilted β3 TM/CT that leads to activation when disrupted. We show significant structural differences between β1 and β3 TM/CT in bicelles. Moreover, the 'snorkeling' lysine at the TM/CT interface of β subunits, previously proposed to regulate αIIbβ3 activation by ion pairing with nearby lipids, plays opposite roles in β1 and β3 integrin function and in neither case is responsible for TM tilt. A range of affinities from almost no interaction to the relatively high avidity that characterizes αIIbβ3 is seen between various α subunits and β1 TM/CTs. The αIIbβ3-based canonical model for the roles of the TM/CT in integrin activation and function clearly does not extend to all mammalian integrins.
Application of evolutionary algorithms in guaranteed parameter estimation (2016)

Model-based optimization and control is becoming more and more important in the process industries and in general. Modelling almost always involves the estimation of parameters from available data. The parameter estimation problem is usually posed as the minimization of the prediction error or the maximization of the likelihood function. If the uncertainty of the measurements taken from a real process is assumed to be an interval around the measured values, a set of parameter vectors exists that is able to describe the behavior of the systems within these uncertainties. Guaranteed parameter estimation deals with the problem of determining all parameter vectors that are compatible with uncertain observations. The solution of guaranteed parameter estimation problems for nonlinear dynamic models is computationally very demanding. In this contribution we present a memetic algorithm that determines the sets of feasible model parameters efficiently. It is applied to the estimation of kinetic parameters of a model that describes a copolymerization reaction. In the memetic algorithm, the fitness evaluation is based on the distance of the feasible solutions to each other, thus the presented approach is not restricted to a specific type of models.
ChemInform Abstract: “Tailored” Organometallics as Precursors for the Chemical Vapor Deposition of High‐Purity Palladium and Platinum Thin Films. (1988)

Abstract The facile synthesis of semiconductor thin films of Pd and Pt by the metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition route from the precursor compounds (I)‐(III) under mild conditions (250 °C, 10 ‐4 Torr) and some properties of these films are described.
A methodology for simulation validation using optimal time history matching (1988)

The technique most widely used for simulation validation consists of matching measured aircraft response with simulation predicted aircraft response. Though this technique is generally considered the best method available for simulation validation, it has shown itself to often be unsuitable for validating aircraft simulations. Specifically, time history matching can be very difficult to perform due to errors in the measured aircraft response, aircraft irregularities, and the inability to isolate the errors caused by inaccuracies in various portions of the simulation model. Presented in this paper is a description of a new technique for simulation validation which alleviates many of the problems associated with time history matching by providing a direct link of modern systems identification with the aircraft simulation environment.
Experience and impact of alopecia in patients (pts) with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in the SystHERs registry. (2017)

239 Background: Although alopecia is common with systemic chemotherapy, its psychological impact is often overlooked in treatment (tx) decisions. We sought to better understand the impact of alopecia using data from SystHERs, an observational registry of pts with HER2+ MBC. Methods: SystHERs enrolled pts ≥ 18 years within 6 mos of an MBC diagnosis. Pt-reported outcomes are assessed quarterly. The Alopecia Patient Assessment (APA, Genentech) is a validated instrument measuring the incidence of hair loss in the prior 3 mos and the impact of hair loss in the prior 7 days. The APA includes 5 items scored on a 5-point scale (total range: 1–25). Higher scores indicate greater impact. Pts completed the APA within 30–90 days of initial MBC tx. Subgroups with no hair loss, hair loss without impact, or impactful hair loss were compared descriptively. Results: As of June 3, 2016, 591 of 976 pts were eligible for this analysis. Of these, 175 (30%) reported no hair loss, 123 (21%) reported hair loss without impact, and 293 (50%) reported impactful hair loss within 30–90 days of initial MBC tx. Respectively, 23% (41/175), 82% (101/123), and 79% (231/293) were on active chemotherapy, most commonly docetaxel (39% [16/41], 66% [67/101], and 62% [144/231]) and paclitaxel (5% [2/41], 27% [27/101], and 23% [54/231]). Median time from initial chemotherapy tx to APA was 55, 70, and 64 days. Of all pts with no hair loss, 39% had de novo MBC vs 56% of pts with hair loss but no impact and 55% with impactful hair loss. Relative to the no-hair-loss and hair-loss-but-no-impact subgroups, the subgroup with impactful hair loss was younger (median 57 and 59 vs 54 years, respectively) and had more pts with ≥ 2 metastatic sites (51% and 54% vs 63%) and visceral metastases (59% and 63% vs 69%). The median total APA score for pts with impactful hair loss was 8.8 (IQR 7.0–12.5). Conclusions: Of pts reporting hair loss, 79–82% were receiving systemic chemotherapy. Pts with impactful hair loss may have had greater disease burden. Alopecia impacted self-image and embarrassment more than work or social functioning. Clinical trial information: NCT01615068. [Table: see text]
Structural and Thermoanalytical Characterization of 3D Porous PDMS Foam Materials: The Effect of Impurities Derived from a Sugar Templating Process (2018)

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymers are extensively used in a wide range of research and industrial fields, due to their highly versatile chemical, physical, and biological properties. Besides the different two-dimensional PDMS formulations available, three-dimensional PDMS foams have attracted increased attention. However, as-prepared PDMS foams contain residual unreacted low molecular weight species that need to be removed in order to obtain a standard and chemically stable material for use as a scaffold for different decorating agents. We propose a cleaning procedure for PDMS foams obtained using a sugar templating process, based on the use of two different solvents (hexane and ethanol) as cleaning agents. Thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) for the analysis of the evolved gasses was used to characterize the thermal stability and decomposition pathway of the PDMS foams, before and after the cleaning procedure. The results were compared with those obtained on non-porous PDMS bulk as a reference. Micro-CT microtomography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were employed to study the morphology of the PDMS foam. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a different thermal behaviour and crosslinking pathway between bulk PDMS and porous PDMS foam, which was also influenced by the washing process. This information was not apparent from spectroscopic or morphological studies and it would be very useful for planning the use of such complex and very reactive systems.
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide, a potent melatonin analog (1994)

The four crystallographically independent molecules present in the unit cell of N-[2-(7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide, C15H17NO2, are very similar; the naphthalene ring is planar, the methoxy substituent is staggered and the side chain is oriented so that the amide and aromatic groups are approximately parallel. This conformation of the longer side chain is different from the fully extended conformation observed in the neurohormone melatonin.
Detection dangerous events in environmental sounds - a preliminary evaluation (2015)

The aim of this study is to identify relevant audio features and similarity measures that may reveal the emergence of new audio content in the environmental sounds and that may help identifying the dangerous events in hazardous situations. In order to reach this goal, we developed a sound database with environmental sounds and conducted a preliminary analysis of the possibilities of identifying dangerous events using the values of audio features extracted from the sound waveforms.
An Investigation of the Steady-State Burning of Ammonium Perchlorate Composite Solid Propellants (1973)

Abstract : A new, comprehensive steady-state model describing the burning of non-metalized, unimodal ammonium perchlorate (AP)-polymeric composite solid propellant has been developed and shown to yield better results than previous models. This new model incorporates a near-surface AP decomposition flame perturbed by fuel vapor diffusion (after Chaiken) followed by a granular diffusion flame (after Summerfield), and is termed the 'modified granular diffusion flame' (MGDF) model. The MGDF model permits numerical prediction of the influence of pressure, AP particle size, mixture ratio and propellant initial temperature on propellant burning rate. While the new model has proven notably successful, evaluation of the capabilities of it and other models is constrained by the limited existing data base.
El blog com a eina d’aprenentatge de l’escriptura en nouvinguts universitaris (2013)

Pot ser util un blog en la situacio d'aprenentatge que descriu el titol d'aquest article? Com s'esdeve amb l'us de qualsevol de les eines de l'anomenat web social, la resposta s'ha de basar en una reflexio i una analisi que ajudin a determinar si l'opcio es prou justificada pedagogicament. Aquest es l'objectiu d'aquest escrit, que te una conclusio: l'us de blogs, complementariament o no a altres espais i eines per a l'aprenentatge, pot resultar adequat en el cas indicat dins el marc de l'aprenentatge global de la llengua d'un nouvingut universitari.
In-Cylinder Pressure Reconstruction for Multicylinder SI-Engine by Combined Processing of Engine Speed and One Cylinder Pressure (2006)

The paper presents an approach to reconstruct cylinder-individual pressure of each combustion cycle by processing the instantaneous fluctuations of the engine speed and the in-cylinder pressure of one cylinder. A new pressure model with a feasible number of parameters is combined with a model-based torque estimation in order to reconstruct the pressure traces. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated with measurement data acquired from a vehicle with a four cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine.
Micro-Thermoelectric Hydrogen Sensors with Pt Thin Film and Pt∕Alumina Thick Film Catalysts (2006)

Micro-thermoelectric hydrogen sensor (micro-THS) was fabricated to operate with its unique working principle of the combination of the thermoelectric effect of SiGe thin film and the Pt-catalyzed exothermic reaction of hydrogen oxidation. We focused on improving sensitivity and response speed of micro-THS using a new catalyst deposition method. Comparing with the two catalysts of thin and thick film technology, sensitivity of the micro-THS with thick film catalyst was 5 times higher than that of the sensor with Pt thin film catalyst. The of thick film catalyst was large enough for a wide detection range of hydrogen concentration from 25 ppm to 3%, although its size was small, 35% of the Pt thin film one. At operating temperature of 100°C, for the low hydrogen concentration of 25 ppm, clear response of 0.03 mV the micro-THS with thick film catalyst was observed.
7.2: Red Quantum Dots under the Electron Microscope (2014)

Abstract Cathodoluminescent imaging of the visible light emitted from quantum dots is reported. The shape and uniformity of individual particles is observed in the STEM electron image and the image of the particles created from their visible light collected simultaneously is shown. Visible light images of the 12‐13nm sized particles are reported for clusters of just 2 particles. Emission spectra collected from small clusters of around 50 nano‐particles are also reported.
Thorough subcells diagnosis in a multi-junction solar cell via absolute electroluminescence-efficiency measurements (2015)

World-wide studies on multi-junction (tandem) solar cells have led to record-breaking improvements in conversion efficiencies year after year. To obtain detailed and proper feedback for solar-cell design and fabrication, it is necessary to establish standard methods for diagnosing subcells in fabricated tandem devices. Here, we propose a potential standard method to quantify the detailed subcell properties of multi-junction solar cells based on absolute measurements of electroluminescence (EL) external quantum efficiency in addition to the conventional solar-cell external-quantum-efficiency measurements. We demonstrate that the absolute-EL-quantum-efficiency measurements provide I-V relations of individual subcells without the need for referencing measured I-V data, which is in stark contrast to previous works. Moreover, our measurements quantify the absolute rates of junction loss, non-radiative loss, radiative loss, and luminescence coupling in the subcells, which constitute the "balance sheets" of tandem solar cells.
Metabolism of Dairy Cows as Affected by Prepartum Dietary Carbohydrate Source and Supplementation with Chromium Throughout the Periparturient Period (2008)

Holstein cows (n = 72) entering second or later lactation were used to determine whether metabolic indices and hepatic capacities for oxidation and gluconeogenesis from propionate are affected by source of carbohydrate in the prepartum diet and chromium-l-methionine (Cr-Met) supplementation throughout the periparturient period. Cows were fed prepartum diets as total mixed rations with the concentrate portion based either on starch-based cereals [high nonfiber carbohydrate (NFC); 1.59 Mcal/kg of net energy for lactation (NE(L)), 14.4% crude protein (CP), 40.3% NFC] or nonforage fiber sources (low NFC; 1.54 Mcal/kg of NE(L), 14.5% CP, 33.6% NFC) from 21 d before expected parturition until parturition. After parturition all cows were fed a common lactation total mixed ration (1.74 Mcal/kg of NE(L), 16.5% CP, 40.0% NFC). The Cr-Met was supplemented once daily via gelatin capsule at dosages of 0, 0.03, or 0.06 mg of Cr/kg of BW(0.75). Thus, treatments were in a 2 (carbohydrate source) x 3 (Cr-Met) factorial arrangement. There was no effect of prepartum carbohydrate source on pre- and postpartum plasma concentrations of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), insulin, glucagon, or insulin to glucagon ratio. However, cows fed the low NFC diet during the prepartum period tended to have greater plasma NEFA and lower BHBA concentrations postpartum. Liver glycogen concentrations tended to be greater on d 1 postpartum for cows fed low NFC prepartum. Supplementing 0.03 mg/kg of BW(0.75) of Cr as Cr-Met increased prepartum plasma glucose and glucagon concentrations and tended to decrease prepartum plasma NEFA concentrations compared with either 0 or 0.06 mg of Cr/kg of BW(0.75). Postpartum plasma glucose concentrations decreased linearly and glucagon concentrations were increased quadratically by administering increasing amounts of Cr-Met. Supplementing Cr-Met did not affect prepartum plasma concentrations of insulin or BHBA, postpartum NEFA or BHBA, or liver composition. There was an interaction of prepartum carbohydrate source and Cr-Met supplementation such that in vitro hepatic conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to both CO(2) and glucose was similar or increased when Cr-Met was supplemented to cows fed the low NFC diet but decreased when Cr-Met was supplemented to cows fed the high NFC diet. Insulin addition in vitro did not affect hepatic metabolism of propionate on d 1 postpartum. Overall, both the NFC content of the prepartum diet and Cr-Met had only modest effects on metabolic indices in this experiment.
Role of WASp Family Proteins in Cytoskeletal Reorganization and Cell Motility (2004)

Introduction WASp and WAVE Family Proteins WASp and WAVE Activate the Arp2/3 Complex through the VCA Region Mechanism of Activation of N-WASp, WAVE1, and WAVE2 N-WASp Is Involved in Podosome Formation and Tubulogenesis Conclusions References
Fabrication of Au Micro-Electrodes on Polyimide Films Using Transfer Printing Techniques (2013)

Transfer printing of Au micro-electrode patterns onto a polyimide (PI) film was investigated, and the optimum transfer conditions were obtained. Here, the line and space patterns with widths of 25 μm and 100 μm were successfully transfered on polyimide films at a molding temperature of 150 °C for 3 min under the molding pressure of 2.5 MPa. This technique is expected to provide simplified processes to fabricate electrode patterns on microelectro mechanical systems (MEMS).
Heterotypic seeding of Tau fibrillization by pre-aggregated Abeta provides potent seeds for prion-like seeding and propagation of Tau-pathology in vivo (2016)

Genetic, clinical, histopathological and biomarker data strongly support Beta-amyloid (Aβ) induced spreading of Tau-pathology beyond entorhinal cortex (EC), as a crucial process in conversion from preclinical cognitively normal to Alzheimer's Disease (AD), while the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In vivo preclinical models have reproducibly recapitulated Aβ-induced Tau-pathology. Tau pathology was thereby also induced by aggregated Aβ, in functionally connected brain areas, reminiscent of a prion-like seeding process. In this work we demonstrate, that pre-aggregated Aβ can directly induce Tau fibrillization by cross-seeding, in a cell-free assay, comparable to that demonstrated before for alpha-synuclein and Tau. We furthermore demonstrate, in a well-characterized cellular Tau-aggregation assay that Aβ-seeds cross-seeded Tau-pathology and strongly catalyzed pre-existing Tau-aggregation, reminiscent of the pathogenetic process in AD. Finally, we demonstrate that heterotypic seeded Tau by pre-aggregated Aβ provides efficient seeds for induction and propagation of Tau-pathology in vivo. Prion-like, heterotypic seeding of Tau fibrillization by Aβ, providing potent seeds for propagating Tau pathology in vivo, as demonstrated here, provides a compelling molecular mechanism for Aβ-induced propagation of Tau-pathology, beyond regions with pre-existing Tau-pathology (entorhinal cortex/locus coeruleus). Cross-seeding along functional connections could thereby resolve the initial spatial dissociation between amyloid- and Tau-pathology, and preferential propagation of Tau-pathology in regions with pre-existing 'silent' Tau-pathology, by conversion of a 'silent' Tau pathology to a 'spreading' Tau-pathology, observed in AD.
Effects of Rolling on the Tooth Root Bending Fatigue Strength of Sintered Ferrous Alloy Gears (2009)

Sintered ferrous alloy gears are used in wide engineering fields. However, it is difficult for them to be applied to the parts loading at high stress levels, because their strength is poorer than that of the wrought materials. In this study, sintered ferrous alloy gears were rolled and their tooth root bending fatigue strengths were investigated. The effect of rolling conditions on the porosity distribution and hardness at tooth root, and the tooth root bending fatigue strength were determined. As the amount of stock rolled was increased, the porosity of the vicinity of the surface was decreased and the hardness was increased, and also the tooth root bending fatigue strength was increased to certain level, and then the fatigue strength was decreased. This seemed to be due to the shaving when the gear was rolled.