gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a Direct Role of Cyclo-Oxygenase 2 in Implant Wear Debris-Induced Osteolysis (2001)

Aseptic loosening is a major complication of prosthetic joint surgery and is manifested as chronic inflammation, pain, and osteolysis at the bone implant interface. The osteolysis is believed to be driven by a host inflammatory response to wear debris generated from the implant. In our current study, we use a selective inhibitor (celecoxib) of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) and mice that lack either COX-1 (COX-1-/-) or COX-2 (COX-2-/-) to show that COX-2, but not COX-1, plays an important role in wear debris-induced osteolysis. Titanium (Ti) wear debris was implanted surgically onto the calvaria of the mice. An intense inflammatory reaction and extensive bone resorption, which closely resembles that observed in patients with aseptic loosening, developed within 10 days of implantation in wild-type and COX-1-/- mice. COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production increased in the calvaria and inflammatory tissue overlying it after Ti implantation. Celecoxib (25 mg/kg per day) significantly reduced the inflammation, the local PGE2 production, and osteolysis. In comparison with wild-type and COX-1-/- mice, COX-2-/- mice implanted with Ti had a significantly reduced calvarial bone resorption response, independent of the inflammatory response, and significantly fewer osteoclasts were formed from cultures of their bone marrow cells. These results provide direct evidence that COX-2 is an important mediator of wear debris-induced osteolysis and suggests that COX-2 inhibitors are potential therapeutic agents for the prevention of wear debris-induced osteolysis.
Network patterns recognition for automatic dermatologic images classification (2007)

In this paper we focus on the problem of automatic classification of melanocytic lesions, aiming at identifying the presence of reticular patterns. The recognition of reticular lesions is an important step in the description of the pigmented network, in order to obtain meaningful diagnostic information. Parameters like color, size or symmetry could benefit from the knowledge of having a reticular or non-reticular lesion. The detection of network patterns is performed with a three-steps procedure. The first step is the localization of line points, by means of the line points detection algorithm, firstly described by Steger. The second step is the linking of such points into a line considering the direction of the line at its endpoints and the number of line points connected to these. Finally a third step discards the meshes which couldn't be closed at the end of the linking procedure and the ones characterized by anomalous values of area or circularity. The number of the valid meshes left and their area with respect to the whole area of the lesion are the inputs of a discriminant function which classifies the lesions into reticular and non-reticular. This approach was tested on two balanced (both sets are formed by 50 reticular and 50 non-reticular images) training and testing sets. We obtained above 86% correct classification of the reticular and non-reticular lesions on real skin images, with a specificity value never lower than 92%.
Low Power High-Speed Radiation Tolerant Computer (2005)

This paper presents a new concept of building a high performance, radiation hardened computer from Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS). We discuss the underlying radiation mitigation technologies used, and demonstrate their (radiation-tolerance) capabilities by citing the radiation test results. Hardness against Single Event Upsets (SEU) for COTS microprocessors is achieved using Time-Triple Modular Redundancy (TTMR). Single Event Functional Interrupts (SEFI) of the microprocessors are being mitigated with an auxiliary Hardened Coreä (H-Core) chip. The other on-board chips used are a combination of space qualified, radiation hardened COTS parts. A flight unit of the computer based on the above mentioned technologies, Proton 100k, was adapted for the Air Force Research Laboratory's Space Vehicles Directorate RoadRunner satellite program.
Porcine Follicular Fluid Contains Both Follicle- Stimulating Hormone Agonist and Antagonist Activities* (1987)

Several fractions were prepared from porcine follicular fluid, each having FSH receptor binding inhibitory activity. All were soluble in acidic acetone (pH 3.5) and insoluble in ether (pH 10.5), and could be separated on the basis of charge, using anion exchange HPLC. The effect of these fractions on aromatization of androstenedione to estradiol (basal levels or FSH stimulated) was studied in vitro using Sertoli cells from immature rat testes. Agonist activity, defined as the ability to stimulate secretion of estradiol in the absence of FSH, was present in one fraction weakly retained by the anion exchange column but eluted with a linear gradient between 0.2 and 0.5 M acetate, pH 5.0. In addition to agonist activity, this fraction inhibited binding of [125I]human (h) FSH to hFSH antiserum and to receptor. Another fraction with FSH binding inhibitory activity was more strongly retained by the anion exchange HPLC column and was eluted with 1.0 M acetate, pH 3.0. This fraction demonstrated antagonist activity, as defined by its ability to inhibit FSH-stimulated, but not basal, conversion of androstenedione to estradiol in vitro. Although it inhibited [125I]hFSH binding to receptor, no immunoreactivity could be demonstrated in this fraction. These observations demonstrate that inhibition of [125I]hFSH binding to receptor can reflect either agonist or antagonist activity, and that the latter activities are present in separate and distinct fractions derived from porcine follicular fluid.
Regional myocardial blood flow and cardiac function in a naturally occurring congestive cardiomyopathy of turkeys (1980)

Round heart disease, a presumed viral myocarditis of turkeys, provides a unique opportunity for the study of congestive cardiomyopathy. Regional myocardial blood flow and cardiac output measurements were made in nine, 19 to 34 day old anaesthetised birds using 141Ce labelled microspheres (15 micron diameter). Atrial, right ventricular and weighted-average left ventricular myocardial blood flow values were similar in control (n = 5) and round heart disease (n = 4) turkeys. The left ventricular subendocardial/subepicardial blood flow ratio of 0.89 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SE) in round heart disease birds was, however, reduced compared with the value of 1.19 +/- 0.09 in the control birds (P < 0.05). Round heart disease turkeys also had lower systemic pressures and lower cardiac outputs when compared with control birds. M-mode echocardiograms were obtained in 42 unanaesthetised 17 to 37 day old turkeys, 34 control and eight with round heart disease. Echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular dysfunction characterised by left atrial and left ventricular dilation and a markedly reduced left ventricular shortening fraction was found in round heart disease turkeys. Paradoxical motion of the interventricular septum was present in two of eight round heart disease turkeys but in none of the control turkeys. The interventricular septum/left ventricular posterior wall ratio in control and round heart turkeys were similar. Although the body weight of control and round heart disease turkeys were similar, and the diastolic thickness of the left ventricular wall were not substantially different, the ventricular weight/body weight ratio in round heart disease turkeys was increased approximately 52%. The increased ventricular weight was not due to myocardial oedema, as myocardial water content was similar in control and round heart disease turkeys. The features which characterise round heart disease in turkeys: left atrial and left ventricular dilatation, reduced left ventricular shortening fraction, systemic hypotension, low cardiac output, relative subendocardial underperfusion, and an increase in ventricular mass, make it a useful model for congestive cardiomyopathy.
Analysis of Intraoperative Frozen Pancreatic Resection Margin and Prediction of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Risk During Pancreatoduodenectomy (2022)

Histopathologically determined pancreatic duct diameter and pancreatic fibrosis are quantitatively measurable independent risk factors for POPF and CR-POPF. An intraoperative objective histopathologic evaluation of these parameters using frozen sections could support the surgical assessment of the pancreatic duct diameter and the pancreatic texture.
The hemangioblast—an elusive cell captured in culture (1998)

The close temporal and spatial association between blood and endothelial cell development during embryogenesis was first documented almost 100 years ago. In recent years, gene expression studies have further strengthened this link. Now, using cultures of mouse embryonic stem cells, a common progenitor cell that gives rise to both blood cells and vascular endothelial cells, has been identified.(1) The existence of the hemangioblast has been proved, and experiments addressing its unique properties can begin. BioEssays 20:611–614, 1998. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
WSI design of a radix 2 butterfly using macrocell pools (1994)

The use of a design strategy employing a hierarchy of structures, each with its own fault circumvention strategy can greatly improve the yield of WSI. At the circuit level, the strategy used is macrocell pooled redundancy. There are two basic types of macrocell pooled redundancy: 1 from N, and M from N. These two strategies are applied to the design of a radix 2 butterfly circuit for an FFT processor, and the effects of the choice of pooling strategy upon the yield are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Assessment of antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity of common ayurvedic formulation in alloxan- induced diabetic rabbits. (2012)

The present study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of four different ayurvedic formulation for their antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits Materials and Methods: Four different ayurvedic formulation (F1,F2,F3,F4)) were administered in different group of alloxan induced diabetic rabbits.Their efficacy, onset and duration of action as antihyperglycemic agents were studied . Their antihyperlipidemic action were also compared. Results: Out of four formulation(F1,F2,F3,F4) studied formulation-F2, showed extremely significant antihyperglycemic activity for satisfactory duration and also showed a significant activity as an antihyperlipidemic agent compared to other three and Tolbutamide. Conclusion: A number of polyherbal formulation are widely marketed claiming to be very effective in diabetes and other associated disease. But, this study indicates that, though there are numerous traditional plants reported to have hypoglycemic properties, many of them proved to be not very effective in lowering blood glucose levels in severe diabetes.
Automatic Prediction of Perceptual Image and Video Quality (2013)

Finding ways to monitor and control the perceptual quality of digital visual media has become a pressing concern as the volume being transported and viewed continues to increase exponentially. This paper discusses the principles and methods of modern algorithms for automatically predicting the quality of visual signals. By casting the problem as analogous to assessing the efficacy of a visual communication system, it is possible to divide the quality assessment problem into understandable modeling subproblems. Along the way, we will visit models of natural images and videos, of visual perception, and a broad spectrum of applications.
Inhibitory Effects of Rolipram on Partially Purified Phosphodiesterase 4 From Rat Brains (1998)

Several previous studies have demonstrated that the phosphodiesterase 4 selective inhibitor rolipram affects cellular function at a much lower concentration than the reported Ki value for phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of rolipram on rat brain phosphodiesterase 4 to determine the heterogeneity of the enzyme activity. Partial purification of various phosphodiesterases from the rat brain was performed by anion-exchange chromatography. The eluant was pooled into four fractions, two of which manifested cAMP-selective phosphodiesterase activity that was blocked by 10 microM of rolipram, indicating the presence of phosphodiesterase 4 in these fractions. The IC50 of rolipram (racemate) of these two fractions was 492 and 79 nM, respectively. The R-(-)-enantiomer of rolipram inhibited the cAMP-phosphodiesterase activity in the latter fraction 10 times more than did S-(+)-rolipram, and the inhibition of the former fraction was less stereospecific. Dixon plot analysis revealed that the rolipram enantiomers inhibited the cAMP-phosphodiesterase in the latter fraction in a multiphasic manner, with two Ki values, one at the micromolar level and the other at the sub-micromolar level, respectively, for both of the enantiomers. These results suggest that there is a heterogeneity for phosphodiesterase 4 in the rat brain, and some of the phosphodiesterase forms are sensitive to rolipram.
CoEx: A novel profiling-based algorithm/architecture co-exploration for ASIP design (2013)

Application Specific Instruction Set Processor (ASIP) design methodologies have not been significantly altered during the past decade, and are still based on a highly manual and iterative process. Profiling has been established as a first step to prune the design space, and gain a deep understanding of the algorithms that underpin the application for which an ASIP is to be tailored. Independently of the profiling strategy, none of the existing ASIP-oriented profiling technologies enables on-the-loop application optimization or algorithmic exploration, which are mandatory steps throughout ASIP design. An innovative multi-grained approach that enables multiple levels of profiling detail according to the ASIP design stage (i.e. hot spot identification, application optimization, algorithmic exploration and architectural design) is presented. To validate our multi-grained profiling approach, the design of an ASIP for Marker-Based Augmented Reality was undertaken, achieving a 6x speedup in application execution in two days of design time.
Rearrangeable Non-Blocking Multicast FSO Switch Using Fixed Switching Elements (2015)

In this paper, we propose an N × N rearrangeable nonblocking (RNB) multicast free space optical (FSO) switch using non-movable tri-state switching elements (T-SEs). The proposed switch exhibits an optimal hardware complexity as it requires only N(N +1)/2 switching elements. The switch is analyzed and compared to existing optical multicast switches in terms of hardware complexity, power loss, and cost. Comparison results show that the proposed switch provides multicast capability with a lower hardware complexity and a comparable performance. Cost analysis shows that, for N = 4, the overall cost of the new design is lower than that of existing SNB switches even if the T-SE is 4 to 10 times the cost of typical MEMS mirrors. In addition, we present a simple routing algorithm that systematically establishes connections over the new switch.
COVID-19 and Digital Resilience: Evidence from Uber Eats (2020)

Using order-level data from Uber Technologies, we study how the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing shutdown of businesses in the United States in 2020 affected small business restaurant supply and demand on the Uber Eats platform. We find evidence that small restaurants experience significant increases in activity on the platform following the closure of the dine-in channel. We document how locality- and restaurant-specific characteristics moderate the size of the increase in activity through the digital channel and explain how these increases may be due to both demand- and supply-side shock. We observe an increase in the intensity of competitive effects following the economic shock and show that growth in the number of providers on a platform induces both market expansion and heightened inter-provider competition. Higher platform activity in response to the shock does not only have short-run implications: restaurants with larger demand shocks had a higher on-platform survival rate one year after the lockdown, suggesting that the platform channel contributes towards long-run resilience following a crisis. Our findings document the heterogeneous effects of platforms during the pandemic, underscore the critical role that digital technologies play in enabling business resilience in the economy, and provide insight into how platforms can manage competing incentives when balancing market expansion and growth goals with the competitive interests of their incumbent providers.
Hepatitis B Virus Large Surface Antigen Promotes Liver Carcinogenesis by Activating the Src/PI3K/Akt Pathway (2011)

Of the three envelope glycoproteins encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) that are collectively referred to as HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), the large HBsAg (LHBs) glycoprotein is expressed preferentially in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. LHBs can act as an oncogene in transgenic mice, but how it contributes functionally to hepatocarcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we determined the molecular and functional roles of LHBs during HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. LHBs increased tumor formation of hepatoma cells. Moreover, expression of LHBs but not other HBV envelope glycoproteins specifically promoted proliferation of hepatoma and hepatic cells in vitro. Mechanistic investigations revealed that these effects were caused by activation of the Src/PI3K/Akt pathway through proximal stimulation of PKCα/Raf1 signaling by LHBs. Proliferation induced by stable LHBs expression was associated with increased G(1)-S cell-cycle progression and apoptosis resistance mediated by Src kinase activation, as established in hepatocellular carcinoma clinical specimens. Importantly, LHBs-induced cellular proliferation and tumor formation were reversed by administration of the Src inhibitor saracatinib. Together, our findings suggest that LHBs promotes tumorigenesis of hepatoma cells by triggering a PKCα/Raf1 to Src/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, revealing novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.
K Shell Ionizations of Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine and Neon by Proton and Alpha Particle Bombardments (1976)

The K Auger electron spectra have been measured for carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and neon excited by protons and alpha particles of 0.5–2.6 MeV. In comparison with the spectra obtained by electron impact, the satellite lines have grown more intensively as projectiles become heavier. This indicates the presence of a contribution of simultaneous L shell ionization. A quantitative analysis has been made for the created L vacancies of nitrogen due to N+ p and N+α collisions. The ionization cross sections derived from the Auger yields have been compared with the theories of Born approximation and binary encounter approximation. The deviations from the theories found in O+α, F+α and Ne+α collisions might be explained by a shielding action of L shell electrons against nuclear charge of projectiles.
Human TLR10 Is a Functional Receptor, Expressed by B Cells and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, Which Activates Gene Transcription through MyD88 (2005)

Human TLR10 is an orphan member of the TLR family. Genomic studies indicate that TLR10 is in a locus that also contains TLR1 and TLR6, two receptors known to function as coreceptors for TLR2. We have shown that TLR10 was not only able to homodimerize but also heterodimerized with TLRs 1 and 2. In addition, unlike TLR1 and TLR6, TLR10 was expressed in a highly restricted fashion as a highly N-glycosylated protein, which we detected in B cell lines, B cells from peripheral blood, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells from tonsil. We were also able to detect TLR10 in a CD1a(+) DC subset derived from CD34(+) progenitor cells which resemble Langerhans cells in the epidermis. Although we were unable to identify a specific ligand for TLR10, by using a recombinant CD4TLR10 molecule we also demonstrated that TLR10 directly associates with MyD88, the common Toll IL-1 receptor domain adapter. Additionally, we have characterized regions in the Toll IL-1 receptor domain of TLR10 that are essential in the activation of promoters from certain inflammatory cytokines. Even though TLR10 expression has not been detected in mice, we have identified a partial genomic sequence of the TLR10 gene that was present but nonfunctional and disrupted by a retroviral insertion in all mouse strains tested. However, a complete TLR10 sequence could be detected in the rat genome, indicating that a functional copy may be preserved in this species.
Sorting improves word-aligned bitmap indexes (2012)

Bitmap indexes must be compressed to reduce input/output costs and minimize CPU usage. To accelerate logical operations (AND, OR, XOR) over bitmaps, we use techniques based on run-length encoding (RLE), such as Word-Aligned Hybrid (WAH) compression. These techniques are sensitive to the order of the rows: a simple lexicographical sort can divide the index size by 9 and make indexes several times faster. We investigate row-reordering heuristics. Simply permuting the columns of the table can increase the sorting efficiency by 40%. Secondary contributions include efficient algorithms to construct and aggregate bitmaps. The effect of word length is also reviewed by constructing 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit indexes. Using 64-bit CPUs, we find that 64-bit indexes are slightly faster than 32-bit indexes despite being nearly twice as large. Key words:
Assessing the role of aromatic residues in the amyloid aggregation of human muscle acylphosphatase (2006)

Among the many parameters that have been proposed to promote amyloid fibril formation is the pi-stacking of aromatic residues. We have studied the amyloid aggregation of several mutants of human muscle acylphosphatase in which an aromatic residue was substituted with a non-aromatic one. The aggregation rate was determined using the Thioflavin T test under conditions in which the variants populated initially an ensemble of partially unfolded conformations. Substitutions in aggregation-promoting fragments of the sequence result in a dramatically decreased aggregation rate of the protein, confirming the propensity of aromatic residues to promote this process. Nevertheless, a statistical analysis shows that the measured decrease of aggregation rate following mutation arises predominantly from a reduction of hydrophobicity and intrinsic beta-sheet propensity. This suggests that aromatic residues favor aggregation because of these factors rather than for their aromaticity.
Autoreactivity to Glucose Regulated Protein 78 Links Emphysema and Osteoporosis in Smokers (2014)

Humoral and cellular GRP78 autoimmune responses in smokers have numerous biologically-relevant pro-inflammatory and other deleterious actions, and are associated with emphysema and osteoporosis. These findings may have relevance for the pathogenesis of smoking-associated diseases, and development of biomarker immunoassays and/or novel treatments for these disorders.
An assessment of modern IGBT and anti-parallel diode behaviour in hard-switching applications (2005)

In this paper we present a detailed assessment of modern IGBT and diode behaviour when operating in a hard-switched mode. The paper covers current and future application trends and the associated performance requirements from the latest IGBT and diode designs in terms of device and circuit interaction under different operating conditions. We cover the challenges met by both device and systems designers to provide the optimum performance, efficiency and reliability in hard-switching applications