gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smooth Muscle Cell–Mineralocorticoid Receptor as a Mediator of Cardiovascular Stiffness With Aging (2018)

Stiffening of the vasculature with aging is a strong predictor of adverse cardiovascular events, independent of all other risk factors including blood pressure, yet no therapies target this process. MRs (mineralocorticoid receptors) in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have been implicated in the regulation of vascular fibrosis but have not been explored in vascular aging. Comparing SMC-MR-deleted male mice to MR-intact littermates at 3, 12, and 18 months of age, we demonstrated that aging-associated vascular stiffening and fibrosis are mitigated by MR deletion in SMCs. Progression of cardiac stiffness and fibrosis and the decline in exercise capacity with aging were also mitigated by MR deletion in SMC. Vascular gene expression profiling analysis revealed that MR deletion in SMC is associated with recruitment of a distinct antifibrotic vascular gene expression program with aging. Moreover, long-term pharmacological inhibition of MR in aged mice prevented the progression of vascular fibrosis and stiffness and induced a similar antifibrotic vascular gene program. Finally, in a small trial in elderly male humans, short-term MR antagonism produced an antifibrotic signature of circulating biomarkers similar to that observed in the vasculature of SMC-MR-deleted mice. These findings suggest that SMC-MR contributes to vascular stiffening with aging and is a potential therapeutic target to prevent the progression of aging-associated vascular fibrosis and stiffness.
ALS Users Meeting and Workshops (2010)

The 2009 ALS Users' Meeting was another successful joint effort between the ALS and the Molecular Foundry. After the 2007 Joint Users' Meeting, this year's co-chairs David Osborn and Yayoi Takamura wanted to bring ALS and Foundry users together again to continue improving scientific collaboration. The Users' Executive Committee Chairs for the ALS and the Foundry, Ken Goldberg and Oscar Dubon, welcomed attendees to the opening session with some clever haikus: ”Autumn in Berkeley / ALS users converge / jointly with Foundry.”
Zero‐Reflectance Metafilms for Optimal Plasmonic Sensing (2015)

An ultrathin layer of metasurface that almost completely annihilates the reflection of light (&gt;99.5%) over a wide range of incident angles (&gt;80°) is experimentally demonstrated. Such zero‐reflectance metafilms exhibit optimal performance for plasmonic sensing, since their sensitivity to changes of local refractive index is far superior to films of nonzero reflectance. Since both main detection mechanisms tracking intensity changes and wavelength shifts are improved, zero‐reflectance metafilms are optimal for localized surface plasmon resonance molecular sensing. Such nanostructures have significant opportunities in many areas, including enhanced light harvesting as well as in developing high‐performance molecular sensors for a wide range of chemical and biomedical applications.
Recent advances in ocular drug delivery (2012)

Amongst the various routes of drug delivery, the field of ocular drug delivery is one of the most interesting and challenging endeavors facing the pharmaceutical scientist. Recent research has focused on the characteristic advantages and limitations of the various drug delivery systems, and further research will be required before the ideal system can be developed. Administration of drugs to the ocular region with conventional delivery systems leads to short contact time of the formulations on the epithelium and fast elimination of drugs. This transient residence time involves poor bioavailability of drugs which can be explained by the tear production, non-productive absorption and impermeability of corneal epithelium. Anatomy of the eye is shortly presented and is connected with ophthalmic delivery and bioavailability of drugs. In the present update on ocular dosage forms, chemical delivery systems such as prodrugs, the use of cyclodextrins to increase solubility of various drugs, the concept of penetration enhancers and other ocular drug delivery systems such as polymeric gels, bioadhesive hydrogels, in-situ forming gels with temperature-, pH-, or osmotically induced gelation, combination of polymers and colloidal systems such as liposomes, niosomes, cubosomes, microemulsions, nanoemulsions and nanoparticles are discussed. Novel ophthalmic delivery systems propose the use of many excipients to increase the viscosity or the bioadhesion of the product. New formulations like gels or colloidal systems have been tested with numerous active substances by in vitro and in vivo studies. Sustained drug release and increase in drug bioavailability have been obtained, offering the promise of innovation in drug delivery systems for ocular administration. Combining different properties of pharmaceutical formulations appears to offer a genuine synergy in bioavailability and sustained release. Promising results are obtained with colloidal systems which present very comfortable conditions of use and prolonged action.
Graph Transformation in a Nutshell (2006)

Even sophisticated techniques start out from simple ideas. Later, in reply to application needs or theoretical problems new concepts are introduced and new formalisations proposed, often to a point where the original simple core is hardly recognizably. In this paper we provide a non-technical introduction to the basic concepts of typed graph transformation systems, completed by a survey of more advanced concepts, and explain some of its history and motivations.
The Incorporation of Paper Deinking Sludge into Fiberboard (2003)

A major waste product resulting from the paper recycling process is known as paper deinking sludge (PDS). This study investigated the mechanical and physical properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) to which was added PDS as an alternative to the current practice of disposal of PDS in landfill facilities. A treatment method was developed to reduce the moisture content (MC) and consistency of the PDS to within a range suitable for the production of MDF (6% to 9.5% MC). Treated material was found to contain approximately 11 percent silicon, 10 percent aluminum, 4 percent calcium, and 2 percent titanium. Thirty-seven percent of the treated material passed a 200 mesh screen (fine content). Panels were produced using virgin MDF fiber (6% phenol-formaldehyde resin), which included additional factors chosen based on PDS composition. These factors (by percent ovendry furnish weight) included fine content (0% to 35%), kaolin coating clay (0% to 20%) and calcium carbonate from (0% to 4%). A response surface regression model equation was then generated for each property. Coating clay was the primary factor affecting mechanical properties, exhibiting linearly negative effects on modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and internal bond (IB) strength. MC, change in conditioned weight, and conditioned volume were found to linearly increase along with clay content. By contrast, the equation for conditioned MC was dependent on fine and calcium carbonate content and included quadratic and linear terms. The model equation for the MC at 30 percent relative humidity (RH) in the linear expansion test included a linear calcium carbonate term as well as quadratic terms for both clay and calcium carbonate. Flammability of the model panels was decreased by increasing clay content and was found to have a strong positive correlation with increased fiber content. Decay by the brown-rot fungus G. trabeum increased with clay content and decreased with increased calcium carbonate content. Comparison of actual results with values predicted using the model equations for mechanical properties (MOE, MOR, and IB strength) and the water absorption test of panels containing PDS were close to the experimental results at lower levels of PDS. As PDS content increased, the deviation of actual from predicted increased. It was believed that this deviation was partially caused by the exclusion of greater than 200 mesh degraded fiber from the model. Model equations for the MC at 30 percent RH, and the behavior of the panels under the influence of fire and decay were found to reasonably approximate the actual results.
Identification and Characterization of a Putative Transcriptional Regulator Controlling the Expression of Fouling Inhibitors in Pseudoalteromonas tunicata (2002)

The dark green pigmented marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata colonizes living surfaces and produces a range of extracellular compounds that inhibit common fouling organisms, including marine invertebrate larvae, algae, bacteria, and fungi. We have observed a positive correlation between the antifouling activity of P. tunicata strain D2 and the expression of pigmentation. To address the hypothesis that pigmentation and antifouling may be jointly regulated in this organism and to begin to identify potential regulatory elements, we used transposon mutagenesis to generate a strain of P. tunicata deficient in antifouling activity. The data presented here describe the phenotypic and molecular characterization of a nonpigmented transposon mutant strain of P. tunicata (D2W2). Analyses of the antifouling capabilities of D2W2 demonstrate that this strain is deficient in the ability to inhibit each of the target fouling organisms. Genetic analysis of D2W2 identified a gene, designated wmpR (white mutant phenotype), with high sequence similarity to transcriptional regulators ToxR from Vibrio cholerae and CadC from Escherichia coli. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that WmpR is essential for the expression of a significant subset of stationary-phase-induced proteins likely to be important for the synthesis of fouling inhibitors. The identification of a gene involved in the regulation of expression of antifouling phenotypes will contribute to the understanding of the interactions between bacteria and other surface-colonizing organisms in the marine environment.
High-power 1.32-μm operation of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG rod laser (1998)

Diode-pumped solid-state lasers operating at 1.3 μm are of great interest as light sources for frequency conversion, materials processing, remote sensing, and medical applications.
The C-eigenvalue of third order tensors and its application in crystals (2021)

&lt;p style="text-indent:20px;"&gt;In crystallography, piezoelectric tensors of various crystals play a crucial role in piezoelectric effect and converse piezoelectric effect. Generally, a third order real tensor is called a piezoelectric-type tensor if it is partially symmetric with respect to its last two indices. The piezoelectric tensor is a piezoelectric-type tensor of dimension three. We introduce C-eigenvalues and C-eigenvectors for piezoelectric-type tensors. Here, &amp;quot;C'' names after Curie brothers, who first discovered the piezoelectric effect. We show that C-eigenvalues always exist, they are invariant under orthogonal transformations, and for a piezoelectric-type tensor, the largest C-eigenvalue and its C-eigenvectors form the best rank-one piezoelectric-type approximation of that tensor. This means that for the piezoelectric tensor, its largest C-eigenvalue determines the highest piezoelectric coupling constant. We further show that for the piezoelectric tensor, the largest C-eigenvalue corresponds to the electric displacement vector with the largest 2-norm in the piezoelectric effect under unit uniaxial stress, and the strain tensor with the largest 2-norm in the converse piezoelectric effect under unit electric field vector. Thus, C-eigenvalues and C-eigenvectors have concrete physical meanings in piezoelectric effect and converse piezoelectric effect. Finally, by numerical experiments, we report C-eigenvalues and associated C-eigenvectors for piezoelectric tensors corresponding to several piezoelectric crystals.&lt;/p&gt;
A Study on Active Catheter System. Structure, Experimental Results and Characteristic Evaluation of Active Catheter with Multi D.O.F. (1996)

In this paper, we propose two prototype models of micro active catheter (MAC) that has two bending degrees of freedom. One consists of 3 active units with SMA wires in lumina as the servo actuator. The other is active guide wire catheter with ICPF (Ionic Conducting Polymer Film) on its front end as the servo actuator. The bending characteristics of the MAC have been measured by application of electricity in physiological saline solution. We also modeled these MAC for characteristic evaluation (Bending characteristic, Electric characteristic) . Experimental results show that the models of the active catheter are reasonable. By using simulators (whose conditions are similar to those of a blood vessel of human brain), we also carried out simulation experiments “in vitro” and “in vivo”. The experimental results indicate that the proposed micro catheters work properly, and they can effectively improve the operability of traditional procedures for intravascular neurosurgery.
New key compounds in cyclotriveratrylene chemistry. Synthesis, optical resolution, absolute configuration and circular dichroism of C3-cyclotriveratrylenes with sulfur substituents (1992)

Abstract Vanillin 6a and isovanillin 6b were converted via a Newman-Kwart rearrangement to thiovanillin 9a and isothiovanillin 9b, which on S-methylation and subsequent reduction of the aldehyde function gave 3-methoxy-4-methylthio- (3a) and 4-methoxy-3-methylthio-benzylalcohol (3b), respectively. On reaction with formic acid, 3a and 3b afforded in excellent yield the new sulfur substituted cyclotriveratrylene 4. The latter could be desulfurized to cyclotrianisylene 2b, and selectively O-demethylated to the triphenol 11. Optical resolution of 11 gave access to a new family of chiral cyclotriveratrylenes incorporating sulfur substituents, which in turn can be used as starting units for the synthesis of new cryptophanes and related host structures. Analysis of the chiroptical properties of these sulfur substituted cyclotriveratrylenes provided information on the relative influence of the CH3O and CH3S substituents on the electronic transitions of the benzene chromophore. It was inferred from the exciton circular dichroism spectra of these compounds that the CH3S group exerts a weaker effect than the CH3O group on the polarization direction of the benzenoid 1Lb transition, the reverse being true for the 1La transition.
A study of the relationship between Magic Formula coefficients and tyre design attributes through finite element analysis (2005)

Pacejka's Magic Formula Tyre Model is widely used to represent force and moment characteristics in vehicle simulation studies meant to improve handling behaviour during steady-state cornering. The experimental technique required to determine this tyre model parameters is fairly involved and highly sophisticated. Also, total test facilities are not available in most countries. As force and moment characteristics are affected by tyre design attributes and tread patterns, manufacturing of separate tyres for each design alternative affects tyre development cycle time and economics significantly. The objective of this work is to identify the interactions among various tyre design attributes-cum-operating conditions and the Magic Formula coefficients. This objective is achieved by eliminating actual prototyping of tyres for various design alternatives as well as total experimentation on each tyre through simulation using finite element analysis. Mixed Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element technique, a specialized technique in ABAQUS, is used to simulate the steady-state cornering behaviour; it is also efficient and cost-effective. Predicted force and moment characteristics are represented as Magic Formula Tyre Model parameters through non-linear least-squares fit using MATLAB. Issues involved in the Magic Formula Tyre Model representation are also discussed. A detailed analysis is made to understand the influence of various design attributes and operating conditions on the Magic Formula parameters. Tread pattern, tread material properties, belt angle, inflation pressure, frictional behaviour at the tyre–road contact interface and their interactions are found to significantly influence vehicle-handling characteristics.
Effect of direct control of electroosmosis on peptide and protein separations in capillary electrophoresis (1992)

The separations of peptide and protein mixtures in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) at various solution conditions were studied with the direct control of electroosmosis. The zeta potential at the aqueous/capillary interface and the resulted electroosmosis in the presence of an electric field were directly controlled by using an additional electric field applied from outside of the capillary. The controlled electroosmotic flow affected the migration time and zone resolution of peptide and protein mixtures. The changes in the magnitude and polarity of the zeta potential caused the various degrees of peptide and protein adsorption onto the capillary through the electrostatic interactions. The separation efficiencies of peptide and protein mixtures were enhanced due to the reduction in peptide and protein adsorption at the capillary wall. The direct manipulations of the separation efficiency and resolution of peptide and protein mixtures in CZE were demonstrated by simply controlling the zeta potential and the electroosmotic flow with the application of an external electric field.
Tradeoff literals against support for logic synthesis of LUT-based FPGAs (1996)

The paper deals with logic synthesis of lookup-table (LUT) based field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Because each LUT can implement any k input Boolean function with the same area cost, the optimisation criterion of literal count, generally used in other multi-level logic synthesis methods, is not suitable for LUT-based technologies. Therefore a new logic optimisation criterion is proposed, which trades off literals against support. Based on this criterion, five logic operations in logic optimisation are analysed, and made to evaluate the circuit cost in accordance with the target technology. Using these techniques of logic optimisation, a good starting point for technology mapping of LUT-based FPGAs has been obtained. In the technology mapping phase, LUT-directed decomposition is applied. Experimental results indicate that synthesised circuits are much smaller and more routable than the circuits synthesised by other tools.
Botulinum toxin type A: History and current cosmetic use in the upper face (2001)

This article reviews the cosmetic use of botulinum toxin in upper face from both the historic and clinical viewpoints. The published literature and our current experience are outlined. Botulinum toxin type A in the upper face has become an extremely poplular cosmetic procedure and is outstandingly safe.
99MTc-Hexamethylpropyleneamine Oxime Imaging for Early Detection of Acute Lung Injury in Rats Exposed to Hyperoxia or Lipopolysaccharide Treatment (2016)

Tc-Hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) is a clinical single-photon emission computed tomography biomarker of tissue oxidoreductive state. Our objective was to investigate whether HMPAO lung uptake can serve as a preclinical marker of lung injury in two well-established rat models of human acute lung injury (ALI).Rats were exposed to >95% O2 (hyperoxia) or treated with intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with first endpoints obtained 24 h later. HMPAO was administered intravenously before and after treatment with the glutathione-depleting agent diethyl maleate (DEM), scintigraphy images were acquired, and HMPAO lung uptake was quantified from the images. We also measured breathing rates, heart rates, oxygen saturation, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell counts and protein, lung homogenate glutathione (GSH) content, and pulmonary vascular endothelial filtration coefficient (Kf).For hyperoxia rats, HMPAO lung uptake increased after 24 h (134%) and 48 h (172%) of exposure. For LPS-treated rats, HMPAO lung uptake increased (188%) 24 h after injury and fell with resolution of injury. DEM reduced HMPAO uptake in hyperoxia and LPS rats by a greater fraction than in normoxia rats. Both hyperoxia exposure (18%) and LPS treatment (26%) increased lung homogenate GSH content, which correlated strongly with HMPAO uptake. Neither of the treatments had an effect on Kf at 24 h. LPS-treated rats appeared healthy but exhibited mild tachypnea, BAL, and histological evidence of inflammation, and increased wet and dry lung weights. These results suggest the potential utility of HMPAO as a tool for detecting ALI at a phase likely to exhibit minimal clinical evidence of injury.
Small-Molecule Dissection of Brassinosteroid Signaling (2011)

The growth-promoting hormones, the brassinosteroids (BRs), are perceived at the plant cell surface by receptor kinases that transduce the signal to the nucleus by an intracellular cascade of phosphorylation-mediated protein-protein interactions. BR signaling is also regulated by the plant endocytic machinery because the increased endosomal localization of the BR receptor enhances the BR responses. Chemical genetics is a powerful approach to identify new components in redundant signaling networks and to characterize highly dynamic processes, such as endocytosis. Here, we describe a screen in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings for small molecules that affect hypocotyl elongation under continuous light conditions, indicative for an effect on BR responses. The compounds identified in this screen were used to dissect endomembrane trafficking of the BR receptor, BR INSENSITIVE1, a process that is essential for BR signal transduction.
Photonics West 2018 Invited Talk (2020)

We investigate the application of integrated micro-combs in RF photonic systems and demonstrate a microwave photonic intensity differentiator based on a Kerr optical comb generated by a compact integrated micro-ring resonator. The on-chip Kerr optical comb is CMOS-compatible and contains a large number of comb lines, which can serve as a high-performance multi-wavelength source for the transversal filter, thus greatly reduce the cost, size, and complexity of the system. The operation principle is theoretically analyzed, and experimental demonstrations of fractional-, first-, second-, and third-order differentiation functions based on the principle are presented.
IL-36β Promotes CD8+ T Cell Activation and Antitumor Immune Responses by Activating mTORC1 (2019)

Cytokine-amplified functional CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells ensure effective eradication of tumors. Interleukin 36α (IL-36α), IL-36β, and IL-36γ share the same receptor complex, composed of the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R), and IL-1RAcP. Recently, we revealed that IL-36γ greatly promoted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell activation, contributing to antitumor immune responses. However, the underlying mechanism of IL-36-mediated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell activation remains understood. In the current study, we proved that IL-36β had the same effect on CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell as IL-36γ, and uncovered that IL-36β significantly activated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. When mTORC1 was inhibited by rapamycin, IL-36β-stimulated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell activation and expansion was drastically downregulated. Further, we elucidated that IL-36β-mediated mTORC1 activation was dependent on the pathway of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, IκB kinase (IKK) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). Inhibition of PI3K or IKK by inhibitor, or deficiency of MyD88, respectively, suppressed mTORC1 signal, causing arrest of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell activation. Additionally, it was validated that IL-36β significantly promoted mTORC1 activation and antitumor function of CD8<sup>+</sup> tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) <i>in vivo</i>, resulting in inhibition of tumor growth and prolongation of survival of tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, we substantiated that IL-36β could promote CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell activation through activating mTORC1 dependent on PI3K/Akt, IKK and MyD88 pathways, leading to enhancement of antitumor immune responses, which laid the foundations for applying IL-36β into tumor immunotherapy.