gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fiber Optics Used To Support Reservoir Temperature Surveillance in Duri Steamflood (2005)

Abstract In thermal fields, temperature profiles usually are acquired as part of a sound reservoir surveillance plan to manage heat in the ground. The conventional method used to acquire a temperature profile is to run a wireline log across the interval of interest, usually through tubing or casing in observation wells. In Duri Steam Flood (DSF) production wells, it is not possible to run conventional temperature logs in producers without pulling out tubing pumps due to the complexity of the completion. One alternative to the real-time temperature profile in DSF producers is to use an optical fiber enclosed inside a steel tube strapped onto the outside of the tubing string and passed through the tubing hanger and top flange at the wellhead. The tubing hanger must be modified to accommodate the pre-installed fiber-tube installation. The survey will collect temperature data that can be used to determine the temperature and extent of a steam chest and the temperature gradient in both overburden and under-burden. This information is necessary to set steam injection target rates using the Vogel and Neumann methodologies. The data are also useful in mitigating steam breakthroughs and eruptions, and to identify bypassed oil.
In vivo observation of allergic dermatitis of the animal model by optical coherence tomography (2022)

In order to understand pathogenic mechanism of allergic dermatitis, it is important to find morphological changes of the internal structure of the skin by non-invasive imaging. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is powerful tool for in vivo tomographic imaging of the internal microstructure in biological tissue. We propose in vivo observation of allergic skin of guinea pigs by OCT. As a result, epidermis thickening became evident as the days passing since Day 7, and the capillary vessel expansion was confirmed since Day 14; the process of inflammation development was successfully observed.
Thymus-Derived Rosette-Forming Cells (1973)

Modern immunology has defined the heterogeneity of the lymphocyte response triggered by antigen. Antigen can stimulate both humoral immunity and cellular immunity, and both B and T cells can co-operate in the immune response. Antibodies, effectors of the humoral response, are synthesized by B lymphocytes and plasma cells. The bursa of Fabricius is responsible for the competence of B lymphocytes in birds; the bursa equivalent remains ill defined in mammals. Cellular immunity is the responsibility of T lymphocytes. These T cells are derived, processed or influenced in some way by the thymus in animals and human beings.B and T . . .
Multieigenvalue Communication (2016)

In the most general case, all three components-the discrete eigenvalues, the discrete spectral amplitudes, and the continuous spectrum-of the nonlinear Fourier transform of a signal can be independently modulated. This paper examines information transmission using only the discrete eigenvalues, and presents heuristic designs for multisoliton signal sets with spectral efficiencies greater than 3 b/s/Hz. The first design, called multieigenvalue position encoding, is based on an exhaustive search followed by pruning of the signal set to remove high pulsewidth or high bandwidth outliers. The second design, called trellis encoding, achieves comparable efficiencies to the fist method at much lower complexity. These multisoliton signals do not undergo any pulse broadening, but are significantly limited by bandwidth expansion if the system length is not much smaller than the dispersion length parameter. This limitation suggests that modulating the eigenvalues alone cannot address the problem of nonlinearity in commercial fiber transmission systems, and that our proposed methods are only meaningful when dispersion is very small and dominated by nonlinearity, e.g., close to the zero-dispersion wavelength at 1300 nm.
A lamellar model for the X-ray rocking curves of sagittally bent Laue crystals (2002)

The use of sagittally bent asymmetric Laue crystals in horizontally focusing monochromators for high-energy synchrotron X-rays necessitates simulation of the X-ray reflectivity by such crystals. Based on the theory of the lattice distortion in the diffraction plane of sagittally bent Laue crystals, a lamellar model was developed to predict their rocking curves. The model was experimentally verified by rocking-curve measurements from various reflections on silicon crystals of four representative orientations, sagittally bent to various radii, using X-rays of 67 keV energy.
ICM0201, a New Inhibitor of Osteoclastogenesis from Cunninghamella sp. F-1490. II. Structure Determination and Synthesis. (2003)

ICM0201 (1), a new inhibitor of murine osteoclastogenesis in culture was isolated from a fermentation broth of Cunninghamella sp. F-1490. The structure of ICM0201 was determined to be (3S,10aR)-3,4a-dihydroxy-2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-b]benzo[e]morpholine-9-carboxylic acid by spectroscopic analyses and chemical studies. The structure of 1 is unique in that the tricycle ring system is composed of aminal and hemiacetal bonds.
1-[4- { 1,1′,1″,1‴-(1,3-Cyclopentadien-1,2,3,4-tetrayl)tetrakis} ]-(4,1-phenylen)-alkanone und deren Natrium-, Thallium(I)- und Fe(II)-Komplexe / 1-[4- { 1,1′,1″,1‴-(1,3-Cyclopentadiene-1,2,3,4-tetrayl)tetrakis} ](4,1 -phenylene)-alkanones and their Sodium, Thallium(I) and Iron(II) Complexes (1993)

Tetraphenylcyclopentadiene (1) reacts with acylchlorides RC(O)Cl (R = CH 3 , C 3 H 7 , C 5 H 11 ,C 7 H 15 ) to form the corresponding [(cyclopentadiene tetrayl)tetrakis] (4,1-phenylene)alkanones C 5 H 2 (C 6 H 4 C(O)R-4) 4 (2a, 2b, 2c and 2d). 2a reacts with NaNH 2 generating the corresponding sodium salt Na[C 5 H(C 6 H 4 C(O)R-4) 4 ] (3a). 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d react with T1OC 2 H 5 yielding the thallium(I) derivatives Tl[C 5 H(C 6 H 4 C(O)R-4) 4 ] (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d). Octaphenylferrocene (5) reacts with acylchlorides RC(O)Cl (R = CH 3 , C 3 H 7 , C 5 H 11 , C 7 H 15 ) to form octaacylated ferrocenes Fe[C 5 H(C 6 H 4 C(O)R-4) 4 ] 2 (6a, 6b, 6c and 6d). 6a can also be prepared by reacting FeI 2 with 3a. 6a reacts with NaOBr yielding Fe[C 5 H(C 6 H 4 C(O)OH-4) 4 ] 2 (7), which after reaction with C 5 H 11 OH and C 7 H 15 OH gives the corresponding octaesters Fe[C 5 H(C 6 H 4 C(O)OR-4) 4 ] 2 (8c and 8d). 6a and 6b are reduced by N 2 H 4 (H 2 O) to give Fe[C 5 H(C 6 H 4 CH 2 R-4) 4 ] 2 (11a and 11b). The X-ray crystal structures of tetraphenylcyclopentadiene (2 a), as well as of the partially and totally substituted ferrocene derivatives Fe[C 5 H(C 6 H 4 C(O)CH 3 -4) 4 ][C 5 H(C 6 H 4 C(O)CH 3 -4) 3 (C 6 H 5 )] (9), Fe[C 5 H(C 6 H 4 C(O)C 3 H 7 -4)(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ] 2 (10) and Fe[C 5 H(C 6 H 4 C 4 H 9 -4) 4 ] 2 (11b) have been determined. The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of the new compounds are reported and discussed.
NMR characterization ofl,l-selenocystine with 92%77Se enrichment (1999)

Techniques for the biosynthetic incorporation of selenomethionine into biomolecules have recently been exploited to produce both heavy-atom derivatives and NMR probes for the elucidation of local and global structures of a variety of biological macromolecules. Since the work of Böck and co-workers in 1994, also chalcogen analogue replacement of cystine by selenocystine residues in proteins can be achieved to study structural, mechanistic and functional aspects of enzymes. This paper reports the 1H and 77Se NMR spectroscopic characterisation of l,l-selenocystine with 77Se at natural abundance and 92% enriched: δ(1H), δ(77Se); 1J(77Se,77Se′), 2J(1H,77Se), 3J(1H,77Se′), 3J(1Hα,77Se); T1(77Se), T2(77Se), T1ρ(77Se). The linewidth of the 77Se resonance of selenocystine is dominated by chemical shift anisotropy relaxation, as shown by its dependence on the square of the magnetic field. The reported parameters will serve as reference data for the biomolecular NMR spectroscopy of 77Se-labeled proteins where the cysteine has been replaced by selenocysteines. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MicroScope—an integrated microbial resource for the curation and comparative analysis of genomic and metabolic data (2012)

MicroScope is an integrated platform dedicated to both the methodical updating of microbial genome annotation and to comparative analysis. The resource provides data from completed and ongoing genome projects (automatic and expert annotations), together with data sources from post-genomic experiments (i.e. transcriptomics, mutant collections) allowing users to perfect and improve the understanding of gene functions. MicroScope (http://www.genoscope.cns.fr/agc/microscope) combines tools and graphical interfaces to analyse genomes and to perform the manual curation of gene annotations in a comparative context. Since its first publication in January 2006, the system (previously named MaGe for Magnifying Genomes) has been continuously extended both in terms of data content and analysis tools. The last update of MicroScope was published in 2009 in the Database journal. Today, the resource contains data for >1600 microbial genomes, of which ∼300 are manually curated and maintained by biologists (1200 personal accounts today). Expert annotations are continuously gathered in the MicroScope database (∼50 000 a year), contributing to the improvement of the quality of microbial genomes annotations. Improved data browsing and searching tools have been added, original tools useful in the context of expert annotation have been developed and integrated and the website has been significantly redesigned to be more user-friendly. Furthermore, in the context of the European project Microme (Framework Program 7 Collaborative Project), MicroScope is becoming a resource providing for the curation and analysis of both genomic and metabolic data. An increasing number of projects are related to the study of environmental bacterial (meta)genomes that are able to metabolize a large variety of chemical compounds that may be of high industrial interest.
Immunoglobulin Structure: Partial Amino Acid Sequence of a Bence Jones Protein (1965)

Sequence analysis and ordering of the soluble tryptic peptides of one Bence Jones protein and comparison with partial sequence data for another have revealed many structural differences in the half of the molecule with the terminal amino group, but only one structural difference in the half of the molecule having the terminal carboxyl group. Somatic chromosomal rearrangements may effect such changes and account for variability in antibody structure.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Comparisons of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptases from Infected T-Cell Lines and Patient Samples (2007)

It is well established that cell-free infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is less efficient than that with other retroviruses, though the specific infectivities of only a limited number of HTLV-1 isolates have been quantified. Earlier work indicated that a post-entry step in the infectious cycle accounted for the poor cell-free infectivity of HTLV-1. To determine whether variations in the pol gene sequence correlated with virus infectivity, we sequenced and phenotypically tested pol genes from a variety of HTLV-1 isolates derived from primary sources, transformed cell lines, and molecular clones. The pol genes and deduced amino acid sequences from 23 proviruses were sequenced and compared with 14 previously published sequences, revealing a limited number of amino acid variations among isolates. The variations appeared to be randomly dispersed among primary isolates and proviruses from cell lines and molecular clones. In addition, there was no correlation between reverse transcriptase sequence and the disease phenotype of the original source of the virus isolate. HTLV-1 pol gene fragments encoding reverse transcriptase were amplified from a variety of isolates and were subcloned into HTLV-1 vectors for both single-cycle infection and spreading-infection assays. Vectors carrying pol genes that matched the consensus sequence had the highest titers, and those with the largest number of variations from the consensus had the lowest titers. The molecular clone from CS-1 cells had four amino acid differences from the consensus sequence and yielded infectious titers that were approximately eight times lower than those of vectors encoding a consensus reverse transcriptase.
Chronic Graft–Versus–Host Disease of the Liver: Presentation As An Acute Hepatitis (2000)

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of the liver usually presents as an indolent cholestatic disease in patients with skin, mouth, and eye involvement. We observed 14 patients in whom chronic GVHD of the liver presented with marked elevations of serum aminotransferases, clinically resembling acute viral hepatitis. Onset of liver dysfunction was at 294 days (range, 74-747 days) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and coincided with a recent cessation or taper of immunosuppressive drugs. Median peak serum alanine transaminase (ALT) was 1,640 U/L (698-2,565 U/L), and median bilirubin was 12.3 mg/dL (0.9-55.9 mg/dL). All biopsies showed characteristic features of GVHD with damaged and degenerative small bile ducts. Other features included a marked lobular hepatitis, moderate to marked amounts of hepatocyte unrest, sinusoidal inflammation with perivenular necroinflammatory foci, and many acidophilic bodies scattered throughout the lobule. When high-dose immunosuppressive therapy was instituted soon after presentation, progressive improvement and eventual normalization of liver enzymes and bilirubin levels were observed. However, in cases in which the diagnosis was not made and therapy was delayed, a progressive cholestatic picture emerged with histologic evidence of loss of small bile ducts and portal fibrosis. We conclude that a distinct syndrome of chronic liver GVHD presenting as an acute hepatitis can be recognized in a patient at risk who is receiving no, or minimal, immunosuppressive medications. Liver biopsy is necessary to exclude viral causes of liver dysfunction and to confirm characteristic abnormalities of small bile ducts. Institution of high-dose immunosuppression can prevent progressive bile duct destruction and effect resolution of jaundice if given early.
Introduction (2014)

Fred Sanger asked me to interview him for the Biochemical Society archives in October 1992. He never told me why he chose me as an interviewer rather than one of his many colleagues and friends in Cambridge. I had worked with Fred in Cambridge from 1963 to 1980 but by 1992 had moved to the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology at the University of Oxford. Naturally I was honoured and accepted. In that interview Fred Sanger gave a full and frank account of his life and provided some insight into what qualities he thought were needed to be a successful scientist. This biography is, in part, based on that interview.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Antibacterial Properties of Silver-Functionalized Low-Dimensional Layered Zirconium Phosphonates (2022)

New insoluble layered zirconium phosphate carboxyaminophosphonates (ZPs), with the general formula Zr<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)H<sub>5</sub>[(O<sub>3</sub>PCH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>N(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub><i>n</i></sub>COO]<sub>2</sub>·<i>m</i>H<sub>2</sub>O (<i>n</i> = 3, 4, and 5), have been prepared and characterized. The crystal structure for <i>n</i> = 3 and 4 samples was determined <i>ab initio</i> from X-ray powder diffraction data. The structure for <i>n</i> = 3 was monoclinic in space group <i>C</i>2/<i>c</i> with the following unit cell parameters: <i>a</i> = 34.346(1) Å, <i>b</i> = 8.4930(2) Å, <i>c</i> = 9.0401(2) Å, and β = 97.15(1)°. The structure for <i>n</i> = 4 was triclinic in space group <i>P</i>1̅ with the following unit cell parameters: <i>a</i> = 17.9803(9) Å, <i>b</i> = 8.6066(4) Å, <i>c</i> = 9.0478(3) Å, α = 90.466(3)°, β = 94.910(4)°, and γ = 99.552(4)°. The two structures had the same connectivity as Zr phosphate glycine diphosphonate (<i>n</i> = 1), as previously reported. By intercalation of short amines, these layered compounds were exfoliated in single lamella or packets of a few lamellae, which formed colloidal dispersions in water. After a thorough characterization, the dispersed lamellae were functionalized with Ag nanoparticles, which were grown <i>in situ</i> on the surface of exfoliated lamellae. Finally, their antimicrobial activity was tested on several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. All of these systems were found to be active against the four pathogens most frequently isolated from orthopedic prosthetic infections and often causative of nosocomial infections. Interestingly, they were found to express powerful inhibitory activity even against bacterial strains exhibiting a relevant profile of antibiotic resistance such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 700699.
Immunolocalization of hyaluronan and CD44 in quiescent and proliferating human lens epithelial cells (1998)

The cell surface antigen CD44 was expressed ubiquitously by LECs. Expression of its ligand hyaluronan by proliferating LECs suggests that this glycosaminoglycan may be important in the development of posterior capsule opacification.
Serum cardiovascular risk biomarkers in pre‐pubertal obese children (2018)

The usefulness of serum biomarkers for the detection of cardiovascular diseases is not well established in children. In our population, MMP-8 concentration was higher in hypertensive children. Furthermore, behavioural interventions resulted in a paradoxical increase in some biomarkers in children, with potentially beneficial effects detected with CCL2 changes. Caution should be taken when using nonspecific serum biomarkers for the clinical monitoring of children with obesity.
The ClearPET/spl trade/ neuro scanner: a dedicated LSO/LuYAP phoswich small animal PET scanner (2004)

The ClearPET initiative is a project being undertaken by working groups of the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). Its aim is to develop a second-generation high performance small animal positron emission tomograph. The ClearPET/spl trade/ camera is expected to provide both high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. It uses a phoswich arranging combining two types of lutetium-based scintillator materials: LSO and LuYAP:Ce. Based on the same detector modules different designs from each collaboration partner are realized for their associated medical institutes. Each dedicated version is expressed by the name ClearPET/spl trade/ plus an extension. The ClearPET/spl trade/ neuro scanner is a dedicated small animal scanner to allow measurements of signal transduction in non-human primates under physiological conditions. This scanner is build by working groups of the Research Center Julich (FZJ). The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules as well as tilting by 90 degrees to measure non-human primates in an upright sitting position. The opening diameter of the ring is variable between 130 mm and 300 mm, the axial detector length is 110 mm.
Simultaneous thermogravimetric and neutron diffraction characterization of hydrogen stores (2008)

Poster Sessions perfect silicon Si(111) and natural green mica: Mica(006) at near back scattering condition; 2qB ~ 160. deg. using the diffraction counter bank on LAM-80: the indirect geometry crystal analyzer time of flight (TOF) spectrometer installed at KENS; a pulsed neutron source in KEK, Japan. At several offset angles from some Bragg conditions, we observed clear TDS peaks due to some acoustic phonon branches in the time of flight (TOF) diffraction spectrum.
Preparation of an Energetic‐Energetic Cocrystal using Resonant Acoustic Mixing (2014)

Abstract Resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) was applied to the preparation of an energetic‐energetic cocrystal comprised of CL‐20 and HMX in a 2 : 1 mol ratio. We have prepared the cocrystal using the RAM technology in a resource‐efficient manner providing near quantitative yield. The cocrystalline product from the RAM preparation is consistent with the product from solution crystallization.
HielM: Highly flexible in-memory computing using STT MRAM (2018)

In this paper we propose a Highly Flexible InMemory (HieIM) computing platform using STT MRAM, which can be leveraged to implement Boolean logic functions without sacrificing memory functionality. It could pre-process data within memory to further reduce power hungry long distance communication between memory and processing units as in Von-Neumann computing system. HieIM can implement all the Boolean logic functions (AND/NAND, OR/NOR, XOR/XNOR) between any two cells in the same memory array, thus overcoming the `operand locality' problem in contemporary in-memory computing platform designs. To investigate the performance of HieIM, we test in-memory bulk bit-wise Boolean logic operations using different vector datasets, which shows ~ 8x energy saving and ~ 5x speedup compared to recent DRAM based in-memory computing platform. We further implement an in-memory data encryption engine design based on HieIM as another case study. With AES algorithm, it shows 51.5% and 68.9% lower energy consumption compared to CMOS-ASIC and CMOL based implementations, respectively.
Gossypol Activates Pancreatic Polyamine Catabolism in Normal Rats and Induces Acute Pancreatitis in Transgenic Rats Over-expressing Spermidine/Spermine N 1 -Acetyltransferase (2003)

The results indicate that gossypol induces pancreatitis through an activation of polyamine catabolism.
Birnessite, a new manganese oxide mineral from Aberdeenshire, Scotland (1956)

Summary A manganese pan near Birness contains grains of an optically uniaxial negative mineral near (Na 0·7 Ca 0·3 )Mn 7 O 14· 2·8H 2 O, giving an X-ray powder pattern similar to that of synthetic materials described as ‘manganous manganite’ and δ-MnO 2 . Material giving a similar pattern has been described from a natural occurrence in Canada, but no mineral name was assigned; the name birnessite is now proposed. The mineral is probably formed by air-oxidation of manganous oxides under alkaline conditions.
Adaptive beamforming (1989)

Abstract An adaptive beamformer is a system devised to isolate a desired signal from interfering signals which are spatially disparate but which occupy the same spectral band. Traditionally these systems have been employed primarily in sonar and radar. However, because of the rise in traffic throughout the electromagnetic spectrum, coupled with the availability of high‐speed real‐time computational resources, adaptive beamforming is now increasingly of interest in wireless communications as well. In this overview we present the principles underlying these devices with an emphasis on estimation and system theoretic issues.
The Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin MakA induces noncanonical autophagy resulting in the spatial inhibition of canonical autophagy (2020)

Abstract Autophagy plays an essential role in the defence against many microbial pathogens as a regulator of both innate and adaptive immunity. Among some pathogens, sophisticated mechanisms have evolved that promote their ability to evade or subvert host autophagy. Here, we describe a novel mechanism of autophagy subversion mediated by the recently discovered Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin, MakA. pH-dependent endocytosis of MakA by host cells resulted in the formation of a cholesterol-rich endolysosomal membrane aggregate in the perinuclear region. Aggregate formation induced the noncanonical autophagy pathway driving unconventional LC3 lipidation on endolysosomal membranes. Subsequent sequestration of the ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 E3-like enzyme complex required for LC3 lipidation at the membranous aggregate resulted in an inhibition of both canonical autophagy and autophagy-related processes including the unconventional secretion of IL-1β. These findings identify a novel mechanism of host autophagy subversion and immune modulation employed by V. cholerae during bacterial infection.