gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smart network connectivity for hybrid space and terrestrial connectivity (2023)

There is an increased interest in the deployment and use of hybrid architectures to benefit the end-user community. Several Low Earth Orbit (LEO) systems are being deployed that provide low latency to end-users. In the GEO world, Very High Throughput Satellite (VHTS) systems are being deployed that maximizes capacity density. In parallel, 3GPP has been actively involved in the development of Non-Terrestrial Transport networks that include satellites. No single technology can provide the best solution in terms of latency, throughput, efficiency, coverage, capacity density and availability for all applications, user terminal types and use cases. A hybrid architecture that uses a combination of LEO, GEO and Terrestrial is desired that optimizes in all dimensions is discussed above. To this end, a user terminal with multiple radio access technologies is desired and a smart logic in user terminals that determine the best path for a session is needed. Various aspects of this Smart Network Edge are described in this paper.
Selective cycloaddition of aryl azides to fullerene C60 in the presence of Cu(OTf)2 (2016)

Cycloaddition of aryl azides to fullerene C60 in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate selectively afforded the corresponding aziridinofullerenes whose structure was reliably proved by 1H and 13C NMR, MALDI TOF mass spectrometry, and IR spectroscopy.
Expression of GPR88, GPR52, and GPR6 in DRD1 or DRD2- expressing neurons of rat basal ganglion by Double-ISH analysis. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;A–C, GPR88 (red) and DRD1/DRD2 (green) in striatum (A), nucleus accumbens (shell) (B), and olfactory tubecle (C). D–F, GPR52 (red) and DRD1/DRD2 (green) in striatum (D), nucleus accumbens (shell) (E), and olfactory tubecle (F). G–I, GPR6 (blue) and DRD1/DRD2 (brown) in striatum (G), nucleus accumbens (shell) (H), and olfactory tubecle (I). Bar: 100 µm.&lt;/p&gt;
High temporal resolution time-resolved C-arm cone-beam CT imaging using a multi-sweep data acquisition scheme (2020)

Temporal resolution in time-resolved cone-beam CT (TR-CBCT) imaging is often limited by the time needed to acquire a complete dataset for image reconstruction. With the recent developments of performing nearly limited-view artifact-free reconstruction from data in a limited-view angle range and a prior image, temporal resolution of TR-CBCT imaging can be improved from the initial 0.2 frame per second (fps) to 1 fps which indicated a factor of five improvement in temporal resolution. In this paper, a new technique was introduced to further improve temporal resolution from 1.0 fps to about 7.5 fps which indicates a factor of more than 30 times improvement in temporal resolution for slow C-arm CBCT acquistions. This new technique was developed for multi-sweep data acquistion protocol and it is referred to as enhanced SMART-RECON (eSMART-RECON) in this paper. Numerical phantoms with ground truth and in vivo human subject data were used to validate the proposed eSMART-RECON method.
Spectral Radiation Analysis of Premixed Oxy-Methane Flames (2019)

For a hydrocarbon burning with oxygen, the resulting exhaust stream is composed mainly of carbon dioxide and water vapor. This exhaust allows for easier carbon capture and sequestration since the water can be condensed out. Another advantage is the significant reduction of NOx since much of the nitrogen found in air-fired systems is eliminated. Although beneficial, many of the exhaust gas products' radiative heat transfer characteristics are unknown. Motivated by this, this paper focuses on the spectral radiation measurement of premixed oxy-methane combustion flames. This is important for combustion system designers since radiative heat from the flame is significant for oxy-flames. This study is conducted by varying equivalence ratio, firing input, and CO2 recirculation ratio. The spectral radiation of premixed oxy-methane flames is collected from 1.2 μm to 5 μm wavelengths. During the experimental study, it is found that the water vapor emits at 1.4 μm, 1.85 μm, and 2.5 μm wavelengths. A short band of carbon dioxide emission is detected at 1.96 μm. Three other carbon dioxide radiation maxima are observed at the proximity of 2.71 μm, 2.85 μm, and 4.38 μm. The study revealed that the spectral intensity of CO2 and H2O for oxy-methane combustion increases almost five times compared to the air-methane combustion at stochiometric condition. It is also found that the spectral intensity decreases as the equivalence ratio increases. The spectral radiative emission intensity increases as the firing input increases. Another observation includes the fact that spectral intensity increases up to five times when 60% CO2 is recirculated as a diluent in the flame.
Magnetic field homogenization of the human prefrontal cortex with a set of localized electrical coils (2009)

The prefrontal cortex is a common target brain structure in psychiatry and neuroscience due to its role in working memory and cognitive control. Large differences in magnetic susceptibility between the air-filled sinuses and the tissue/bone in the frontal part of the human head cause a strong and highly localized magnetic field focus in the prefrontal cortex. As a result, image distortion and signal dropout are observed in MR imaging. A set of external electrical coils is presented that provides localized and high-amplitude shim fields in the prefrontal cortex, with minimum impact on the rest of the brain when combined with regular zero- to second-order spherical harmonics shimming. The experimental realization of the new shim method strongly minimized or even eliminated signal dropout in gradient-echo images acquired at settings typically used in functional magnetic resonance at 4 T.
Structuur niet zomaar beter (2007)

Eenmalige teelt van een goedgeslaagde groenbemester geeft geen meetbare verbetering van de bodemstructuur
Association of Atherosclerosis with Low Back Pain and the Degree of Disc Degeneration (1999)

A significant association is indicated between atheromatous lesions in the abdominal aorta and low back pain.
Accelerated Verification of an ID-based Signature Scheme for Broadcast Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

Broadcast authentication is a fundamental security service in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Although symmetric-key-based μTESLA-like schemes were employed due to their energy efficiency, they all suffer from DoS attacks resulting from the nature of delayed message authentication. Recently, several public-key-based schemes have been proposed to achieve immediate broadcast authentication with significantly improved security strength. While the public-key-based schemes obviate the security vulnerability inherent to symmetric-key-based μTESLA-like schemes, their signature verification is time-consuming. Thus, speeding up signature verification is a problem of considerable practical importance, especially in resource-constrained environments. This paper presents an accelerated verification of vBNN-IBS, a pairing-free identity-based signature with reduced signature size. A quantitative analysis demonstrates that the accelerated vBNN-IBS reduces 38.62% energy consumption in a 4×4 grid-based WSN and runs 66% faster than the traditional signature verification method. It also allows the total energy consumption to be reduced by up to 23.25% and 25.14% compared to, respectively, IMBAS [1] and EIBAS [13] ID-based broadcast authentication schemes.
Application of zeolites to remove iodine from dissolver off-gas, (I). Follow-up of Wahlgren and Meinke's experiments. (1983)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEYWORDS: iodine removal processiodine 131zeolite 5Anitrogen oxidesdissolver off-gasWahlgren and Meinke's experimentstemperature dependence
树脂型光刻胶薄膜中Eu^3＋的辐射跃迁特性 (2009)

合成了稀土配合物Eu（TTFA）3（TTFA，2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone）掺杂的树脂型光刻胶薄膜，测定了薄膜的激发光谱和发射光谱。根据Judd-Ofelt理论，由发射光谱获得了Eu^3＋在光刻胶薄膜中的J—O参数Ω=24．4×10^-20cm^2，04=2．8×10^-20cm^2。利用得到的J-O参数计算了光刻胶薄膜中。Dn激发态的辐射跃迁概率（977s^-1。）和辐射寿命（1．02ms），同时导出了光刻胶薄膜中Eu^3＋的5D0→7FJ（J=1，2，4）跃迁的受激发射截面σ和荧光分支比β。分析表明，Eu^3＋掺杂的光刻胶薄膜具有较长的亚稳态寿命以及较大的受激发射截面，是一种主动放大的光波导薄膜。其发射波长与光刻胶的低吸收损耗区很好地匹配，可用于研发聚合物光波导放大器和激光器。
Structure Function Revisited: A Simple Tool for Complex Analysis of Neuronal Activity (2017)

Neural systems are characterized by their complex dynamics, reflected on signals produced by neurons and neuronal ensembles. This complexity exhibits specific features in health, disease and in different states of consciousness, and can be considered a hallmark of certain neurologic and neuropsychiatric conditions. To measure complexity from neurophysiologic signals, a number of different nonlinear tools of analysis are available. However, not all of these tools are easy to implement, or able to handle clinical data, often obtained in less than ideal conditions in comparison to laboratory or simulated data. Recently, the temporal structure function emerged as a powerful tool for the analysis of complex properties of neuronal activity. The temporal structure function is efficient computationally and it can be robustly estimated from short signals. However, the application of this tool to neuronal data is relatively new, making the interpretation of results difficult. In this methods paper we describe a step by step algorithm for the calculation and characterization of the structure function. We apply this algorithm to oscillatory, random and complex toy signals, and test the effect of added noise. We show that: (1) the mean slope of the structure function is zero in the case of random signals; (2) oscillations are reflected on the shape of the structure function, but they don't modify the mean slope if complex correlations are absent; (3) nonlinear systems produce structure functions with nonzero slope up to a critical point, where the function turns into a plateau. Two characteristic numbers can be extracted to quantify the behavior of the structure function in the case of nonlinear systems: (1). the point where the plateau starts (the inflection point, where the slope change occurs), and (2). the height of the plateau. While the inflection point is related to the scale where correlations weaken, the height of the plateau is related to the noise present in the signal. To exemplify our method we calculate structure functions of neuronal recordings from the basal ganglia of parkinsonian and healthy rats, and draw guidelines for their interpretation in light of the results obtained from our toy signals.
Severe modifications in source‐sink ratio influence the susceptibility of bananas to crown rot and its phenolics content (2020)

Abstract Banana susceptibility to crown rot is influenced by many biotic and abiotic preharvest factors, which include source‐sink (So‐Si) ratio modifications through trimming of leaves and fruit. Banana plant's resistance to biotic stress has been previously correlated to its phenolic content; it is hypothesized that the crown's phenolic content may influence the fruit's susceptibility. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of severe So‐Si ratio modifications, via the removal of leaves and fruit, and the involvement of phenolics in the fruit's susceptibility to crown rot. Fruit susceptibility was evaluated 13 days postinoculation (13 dpi) with Colletotrichum musae . Banana crowns obtained on the day of harvest before inoculation (dhbi) and 13 dpi were analysed for changes in phenolics using GC‐MS, HPLC, and LC‐MS devices. Severe So‐Si ratio modifications had a significant effect ( p &lt;.001) on susceptibility, fruits of low So‐Si ratio being most susceptible. It also significantly influenced ( p &lt; .001) some tree and fruit characteristics. The less susceptible (S−) crowns had higher amounts of phenolics compared to the more susceptible (S+) ones. Catecholamines were identified as the major phenolics in banana crown, notably dopamine compared to norepinephrine and normetanephrine. Hydroxycinnamic acids (ferulic acid and its derivatives) were significantly accumulated ( p &lt;.001) the dhbi in S− crowns compared to S+ crowns, but decreased 13 dpi. Phenolics have a possible role in the biochemical defence of banana crown and could be used by producers as a chemical criterion for estimation of the level of banana's susceptibility to crown rot.
Density Functional Study of the Roles of Chemical Composition of Di-Transition-Metal-Substituted γ-Keggin Polyoxometalate Anions (2006)

The roles of chemical composition (X, M and M(FW)) of di-transition-metal-substituted gamma-Keggin polytungstates and polymolybdates, [(X(n)(+)O(4))M(2)(OH)(2)(M(FW))(10)O(32)]((8-n)-), on the geometry, electronic structure, and magnetic properties of these species have been investigated at the density functional level. It was shown that the change of the heteroatom X via Al(III)-Si(IV)-P(V)-S(VI) slightly stabilizes the broken-symmetry (BS) state over the high-spin (HS) state, increases the antiferromagnetic coupling constant, J, of these species, and lowers the energies of their highest-occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest-unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs). The change of the redox-active center M from Mn to Fe slightly increases the M-(XO(4)) interaction, J-coupling constant, and energy gap between the HS and BS states. Meanwhile, the LUMOs are stabilized, indicating the stronger oxidant character of [(X(n)(+)O(4))M(2)(OH)(2)W(10)O(32)]((8-n)-) for M = Fe than Mn. It was shown that the change of addenda atom M(FW) from W to Mo makes (a) the geometry of Keggin "cage" slightly smaller, (b) the interaction of redox-active centers (Fe) with the central XO(4)-unit slightly stronger, and (c) the J-coupling constant, as well as the energy gap DeltaE(BS-HS), slightly larger.
Raman microspectroscopy reveals long‐term extracellular activity of chlamydiae (2010)

The phylum Chlamydiae consists exclusively of obligate intracellular bacteria. Some of them are formidable pathogens of humans, while others occur as symbionts of amoebae. These genetically intractable bacteria possess a developmental cycle consisting of replicative reticulate bodies and infectious elementary bodies, which are believed to be physiologically inactive. Confocal Raman microspectroscopy was applied to differentiate between reticulate bodies and elementary bodies of Protochlamydia amoebophila and to demonstrate in situ the labelling of this amoeba symbiont after addition of isotope-labelled phenylalanine. Unexpectedly, uptake of this amino acid was also observed for both developmental stages for up to 3 weeks, if incubated extracellularly with labelled phenylalanine, and P. amoebophila remained infective during this period. Furthermore, P. amoebophila energizes its membrane and performs protein synthesis outside of its host. Importantly, amino acid uptake and protein synthesis after extended extracellular incubation could also be demonstrated for the human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis, which synthesizes stress-related proteins under these conditions as shown by 2-D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. These findings change our perception of chlamydial biology and reveal that host-free analyses possess a previously not recognized potential for direct experimental access to these elusive microorganisms.
Clock-aware placement for large-scale heterogeneous FPGAs (2017)

A modern FPGA often contains an ASIC-like clocking architecture which is crucial to achieve better skew and performance. Existing conventional FPGA placement algorithms seldom consider clocking resources, and thus may lead to clock routing failures. To address the special FPGA clocking architecture, this paper presents a novel clock-aware placement algorithm for large-scale heterogeneous FPGAs. Our algorithm consists of three major stages: (1) a nonlinear global placement framework with clock fence region construction, (2) a clock-aware packing scheme, and (3) clock-aware legalization and detailed placement. We evaluate our results based on the 2017 ISPD Clock-Aware Placement Contest benchmark suite. Compared with the top three winners, the results show that our algorithm achieves the best overall routed wirelength. On average, our algorithm outperforms the top-3 winners by 3.6%, 7.5%, and 12.9% in routed wirelength, respectively.
Power enhancement and phase transitions for global testing of the mixed membership stochastic block model (2023)

The mixed-membership stochastic block model (MMSBM) is a common model for social networks. Given an n-node symmetric network generated from a K-community MMSBM, we would like to test K=1 versus K>1. We first study the degree-based χ2 test and the orthodox Signed Quadrilateral (oSQ) test. These two statistics estimate an order-2 polynomial and an order-4 polynomial of a “signal” matrix, respectively. We derive the asymptotic null distribution and power for both tests. However, for each test, there exists a parameter regime where its power is unsatisfactory. It motivates us to propose a power enhancement (PE) test to combine the strengths of both tests. We show that the PE test has a tractable null distribution and improves the power of both tests. To assess the optimality of PE, we consider a randomized setting, where the n membership vectors are independently drawn from a distribution on the standard simplex. We show that the success of global testing is governed by a quantity βn(K,P,h), which depends on the community structure matrix P and the mean vector h of memberships. For each given (K,P,h), a test is called optimal if it distinguishes two hypotheses when βn(K,P,h)→∞. A test is called optimally adaptive if it is optimal for all (K,P,h). We show that the PE test is optimally adaptive, while many existing tests are only optimal for some particular (K,P,h), hence, not optimally adaptive.
An up-to-date catalog of available urinary biomarkers for the surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (2018)

Current commercially available urinary biomarker-based tests are not sufficiently validated to be widely used in clinical practice. Several novel biomarkers are currently under investigation. Prospective multicenter analyses will be needed to establish their clinical relevance and value.
Constraints on the superconducting order parameter in Sr 2 RuO 4 from oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance (2020)

Abstract Phases of matter are usually identified through spontaneous symmetry breaking, especially regarding unconventional superconductivity and the interactions from which it originates. In that context, the superconducting state of the quasi-two-dimensional and strongly correlated perovskite Sr2RuO4 is considered to be the only solid-state analogue to the superfluid 3He-A phase1, 2, with an odd-parity order parameter that is unidirectional in spin space for all electron momenta and breaks time-reversal symmetry. This characterization was recently called into question by a search for an expected ‘split’ transition in a Sr2RuO4 crystal under in-plane uniaxial pressure, which failed to find any such evidence; instead, a dramatic rise and a peak in a single-transition temperature were observed3, 4. Here we use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of oxygen-17, which is directly sensitive to the order parameter via hyperfine coupling to the electronic spin degrees of freedom, to probe the nature of superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 and its evolution under strain. A reduction of the Knight shift is observed for all strain values and at temperatures below the critical temperature, consistent with a drop in spin polarization in the superconducting state. In unstrained samples, our results contradict a body of previous NMR work reporting no change in the Knight shift5 and the most prevalent theoretical interpretation of the order parameter as a chiral p-wave state. Sr2RuO4 is an extremely clean layered perovskite and its superconductivity emerges from a strongly correlated Fermi liquid, and our work imposes tight constraints on the order parameter symmetry of this archetypal system.
SMOS: stereotaxical microtelemanipulator for ocular surgery (2003)

A description is given of the mechanical structure of the SMOS and its components (control sensors, etc.). The results obtained with different modes of control (manual, referenced to sensors) show the help provided by SMOS to a human operator. Experimental data show that the SMOS has met the various challenges. Although it is slower than manual surgery, it is more accurate and safer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cloning of a DNA fragment involved in pigment production in Streptomyces avermitilis (1992)

Streptomyces avermitilis has the ability to synthesize a diffusible, brown, melanin-like pigment, a common property among many Streptomyces species. A region of the S. avermitilis chromosome involved in the production of this pigment was cloned in Escherichia coli. Production of the brown pigment was attained in E. coli, and is optimal when medium is supplemented with copper ions, tyrosine and IPTG. The cloned S. avermitilis pigment-producing DNA fragment is under the control of the lac promoter carried in the E. coli vector. The gene involved in pigment production could be used as a tool to analyse gene expression in S. avermitilis, and as an alternative cloning marker in Streptomyces-Escherichia coli vectors.
Mining anchor text for query refinement (2004)

When searching large hypertext document collections, it is often possible that there are too many results available for ambiguous queries. Query refinement is an interactive process of query modification that can be used to narrow down the scope of search results. We propose a new method for automatically generating refinements or related terms to queries by mining anchor text for a large hypertext document collection. We show that the usage of anchor text as a basis for query refinement produces high quality refinement suggestions that are significantly better in terms of perceived usefulness compared to refinements that are derived using the document content. Furthermore, our study suggests that anchor text refinements can also be used to augment traditional query refinement algorithms based on query logs, since they typically differ in coverage and produce different refinements. Our results are based on experiments on an anchor text collection of a large corporate intranet.
Activation of Acyl Phosphate Monoesters by Lanthanide Ions:  Enhanced Reactivity of Benzoyl Methyl Phosphate (2002)

Acyl phosphate monoesters are intermediates in many biochemical acylation reactions, such as those involving aminoacyl adenylates. Benzoyl methyl phosphate, a typical acyl phosphate monoester, is slowly hydrolyzed in neutral solutions but reacts rapidly with amines. Since biochemical processes of acyl phosphate monoesters involve accelerated reactions with oxygen-centered nucleophiles, we sought catalysts for hydrolysis and methanolysis of benzoyl methyl phosphate to mimic the biochemical outcome. Lanthanide ions are particularly effective catalysts, accelerating reactions much more than comparable levels of magnesium ion. Detailed kinetic analysis of the hydrolysis reactions reveals formation of a 1:1 complex, followed by rapid reaction with a nucleophile. The hydroxide-dependent hydrolysis rate in the europium complex is about 10(5) times that of free substrate with hydroxide. A mechanism that accounts for the data and observed behavior involves bidentate coordination of the metal ion by the acyl phosphate through phosphate and carbonyl oxygens, lowering the energy of the tetrahedral addition intermediate and the associated transition states. The dependence of the metal ion catalyzed process on the concentration of hydroxide ion is consistent with coordinated hydroxide acting as a nucleophile. The reaction of benzoyl methyl phosphate with methanol to form methyl benzoate and methyl phosphate is 30 000 times more rapid in the presence of 0.0001 M lanthanum triflate (in the absence of the metal ion k(obs) = 2.1 x 10(-7) s(-1), at 25 degrees C). Thus, the combination of acyl phosphate esters and lanthanide salts appears to be a promising method for biomimetic acylation of hydroxyl groups.