gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A CYCLICAL APPEARANCE OF ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS AFTER A SINGLE INJECTION OF SERUM PROTEIN ANTIGEN (1973)

After a single intravenous injection of rabbits with aggregated HuIgG, IgM- and IgG-plaque-forming cells (PFC) in both the spleens and peripheral blood of rabbits peaked 5, 13, and 21 days after injection, while almost no PFC could be detected on days 8 and 16. The available data suggest that the secondary peaks of PFC (days 13 and 21) resulted from stimulation of memory cells by persisting antigen that was localized in the germinal centers in the spleen. No such persistence of antigen occurred in the lymph nodes, and these lymphoid tissues did not exhibit secondary peaks of PFC. The identical kinetic patterns for IgM- and IgG-PFC indicate that the major portion of IgG-PFC did not result from IgM-secreting cells switching to IgG synthesis and secretion. The present data suggest that the antibody produced and present at the site of interaction between committed cells and antigen is responsible for the regulation of antibody synthesis to persisting antigens. Possible cellular events involved in both the regulation and an apparent synchronous appearance of antibody producing cells in the spleens of rabbits were presented.
FORMLESS (2012)

Variants of dataflow specification models are widely used to synthesize streaming applications for distributed-memory parallel processors. We argue that current practice of specifying streaming applications using rigid dataflow models, implicitly prohibits a number of platform oriented optimizations and hence limits portability and scalability with respect to number of processors. We motivate Functionally-cOnsistent stRucturally-MalLEabe Streaming Specification, dubbed FORMLESS, which refers to raising the abstraction level beyond fixed-structure dataflow to address its portability and scalability limitations. To demonstrate the potential of the idea, we develop a design space exploration scheme to customize the application specification to better fit the target platform. Experiments with several common streaming case studies demonstrate improved portability and scalability over conventional dataflow specification models, and confirm the effectiveness of our approach.
Phase Behavior and Microstructure of Symmetric Nonionic Microemulsions with Long-Chainn-Alkanes and Waxes (2019)

Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, macroscopically isotropic mixtures of at least two immiscible components and a surfactant. Their general features, i.e. the complex phase behavior, the ultralow interfacial tensions, and the multifarious nanostructure, have been systematically elucidated in the last century. However, the efficient solubilization of long-chain n-alkanes and waxes, which plays a significant role in enhanced oil recovery, washing, and cosmetics, remains a challenge. Thus, in this work the influence of the n-alkane chain length k on the phase behavior of ternary (symmetric) microemulsions containing equal volumes of water and oil was studied. Using n-alkanes ranging from n-dodecane (C12H26) to n-dotriacontane (C32H66) and pure n-alkyl polyglycol ether (CiEj) surfactants, we found that the efficiency of the respective surfactant decreases linearly with increasing k, while the phase inversion temperature (PIT) shows a logarithmic dependence. The influence of a technical wax on the phase behavior was studied by means of the systems H2O–SASOLWAX 5805 (Sasol)–C16E6 yielding an equivalent alkane carbon number (EACN (SASOLWAX 5805)) of 30.8. Finally, the pure CiEj surfactants were replaced with technical grade counterparts of the Genapol series (Clariant) finding that the solubilization efficiency of the long-chain Genapol O 080 is comparable to the pure C16E6 surfactant. Using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) the microstructure of the formulated microemulsions was studied near the so-called optimum (X̃) point. The scattering curves prove that microemulsions containing long-chain n-alkanes and waxes are also bicontinuously structured at the phase inversion temperature (PIT). Interestingly, a high degree of structural ordering is found reflected by values of the amphiphilicity factor fa ranging between −0.83 and −0.87.
Nanotechnology, resources, and pollution control (1996)

The separation of different kinds of atoms or molecules from each other is a fundamental technological problem. Current techniques of resource extraction, which use the ancient paradigm of the differential partitioning of elements into coexisting phases, are simple but extremely wasteful and require feedstocks (`ores') that are already anomalously enriched. This is impractical for pollution control and desalination, which require extraction of low concentrations; instead, atomistic separation, typically by differential motion through semipermeable membranes, is used. The present application of such membranes is seriously limited, however, mostly because of limitations in their fabrication by conventional bulk techniques. The capabilities of biological systems, such as vertebrate kidneys, are vastly better, largely because they are intrinsically structured at a molecular scale. Nanofabrication of semipermeable membranes promises capabilities on the order of those of biological systems, and this in turn could provide much financial incentive for the development of molecular assemblers, as well established markets exist already. Continued incentives would exist, moreover, as markets expanded with decreasing costs, leading to such further applications as remediation of polluted sites, cheap desalination, and resource extraction from very low-grade sources.
Reduced Lysis upon Growth of Lactococcus lactis on Galactose Is a Consequence of Decreased Binding of the Autolysin AcmA (2008)

When Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL1403 or L. lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 is grown in a medium with galactose as the carbon source, the culture lyses to a lesser extent in stationary phase than when the bacteria are grown in a medium containing glucose. Expression of AcmA, the major autolysin of L. lactis, is not influenced by the carbon source. Binding studies with a fusion protein consisting of the MSA2 protein of Plasmodium falciparum and the C-terminal peptidoglycan-binding domain of AcmA revealed that cell walls of cells from both subspecies grown on galactose bind less AcmA than cell walls of cells grown on glucose. Cells grown on glucose or galactose and treated with trichloroacetic acid prior to AcmA binding bind similar amounts of AcmA. Analysis of the composition of the lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) of L. lactis IL1403 cells grown on glucose or galactose showed that the LTA composition is influenced by the carbon source: cells grown on galactose contain LTA with less galactose than cells grown on glucose. In conclusion, growth of L. lactis on galactose changes the LTA composition in the cell wall in such a way that less AcmA is able to bind to the peptidoglycan, resulting in a decrease in autolysis.
Simple Lifelong Learning Machines (2020)

In lifelong learning, data are used to improve performance not only on the present task, but also on past and future (unencountered) tasks. While typical transfer learning algorithms can improve performance on future tasks, their performance on prior tasks degrades upon learning new tasks (called forgetting). Many recent approaches for continual or lifelong learning have attempted to maintain performance on old tasks given new tasks. But striving to avoid forgetting sets the goal unnecessarily low. The goal of lifelong learning should be to use data to improve performance on both future tasks (forward transfer) and past tasks (backward transfer). In this paper, we show that a simple approach -- representation ensembling -- demonstrates both forward and backward transfer in a variety of simulated and benchmark data scenarios, including tabular, vision (CIFAR-100, 5-dataset, Split Mini-Imagenet, and Food1k), and speech (spoken digit), in contrast to various reference algorithms, which typically failed to transfer either forward or backward, or both. Moreover, our proposed approach can flexibly operate with or without a computational budget.
Cultivating Institutional Capacities for Learning Analytics (2017)

This chapter details the process the University of Michigan developed to build institutional capacity for learning analytics. A symposium series, faculty task force, fellows program, research grants, and other initiatives are discussed, with lessons learned for future efforts and how other institutions might adapt such efforts to spur cultural change to utilize institutional data to improve teaching and learning processes.
Minority games for backhaul management in cache-enabled small cell networks (2017)

International audience
Acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channels (ASICs) (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database (2019)

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs, nomenclature as agreed by NC-IUPHAR [35]) are members of a Na+ channel superfamily that includes the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), the FMRF-amide activated channel (FaNaC) of invertebrates, the degenerins (DEG) of Caenorhabitis elegans, channels in Drosophila melanogaster and 'orphan' channels that include BLINaC [46] and INaC [47] that have also been named BASICs, for bile acid-activated ion channels [58]. ASIC subunits contain two TM domains and assemble as homo- or hetero-trimers [34, 31, 5] to form proton-gated, voltage-insensitive, Na+ permeable, channels (reviewed in [33, 57]). Splice variants of ASIC1 [termed ASIC1a (ASIC, ASICα, BNaC2α) [55], ASIC1b (ASICβ, BNaC2β) [13] and ASIC1b2 (ASICβ2) [50]; note that ASIC1a is also permeable to Ca2+] and ASIC2 [termed ASIC2a (MDEG1, BNaC1α, BNC1α) [45, 56, 30] and ASIC2b (MDEG2, BNaC1β) [40]] have been cloned. Unlike ASIC2a (listed in table), heterologous expression of ASIC2b alone does not support H+-gated currents. A third member, ASIC3 (DRASIC, TNaC1) [54], has been identified. A fourth mammalian member of the family (ASIC4/SPASIC) does not support a proton-gated channel in heterologous expression systems and is reported to downregulate the expression of ASIC1a and ASIC3 [1, 32, 24, 39]. ASIC channels are primarily expressed in central and peripheral neurons including nociceptors where they participate in neuronal sensitivity to acidosis. They have also been detected in taste receptor cells (ASIC1-3), photoreceptors and retinal cells (ASIC1-3), cochlear hair cells (ASIC1b), testis (hASIC3), pituitary gland (ASIC4), lung epithelial cells (ASIC1a and -3), urothelial cells, adipose cells (ASIC3), vascular smooth muscle cells (ASIC1-3), immune cells (ASIC1,-3 and -4) and bone (ASIC1-3). A neurotransmitter-like function of protons has been suggested, involving postsynaptically located ASICs of the CNS in functions such as learning and fear perception [25, 36, 63], responses to focal ischemia [59] and to axonal degeneration in autoimmune inflammation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis [29], as well as seizures [64] and pain [19, 20, 10, 22]. Heterologously expressed heteromultimers form ion channels with differences in kinetics, ion selectivity, pH- sensitivity and sensitivity to blockers that resemble some of the native proton activated currents recorded from neurones [40, 3, 28, 8].
Photochemical cycloadducts. VI. Structure of tetrafluoroethylene and dichloroethylene photoadducts of 3.beta.-acetoxypregna-5,16-dien-20-one (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical cycloadducts. VI. Structure of tetrafluoroethylene and dichloroethylene photoadducts of 3.beta.-acetoxypregna-5,16-dien-20-oneLaszlo Tokes, A. Christensen, A. Cruz, and P. CrabbeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 16, 2381–2383Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00815a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00815a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views25Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PACT, the protein activator of PKR is up-regulated at the onset of osteoarthritis and by TNF-α treatment of chondrocytes (2002)

Conference Abstract| October 01 2002 PACT, the protein activator of PKR is up-regulated at the onset of osteoarthritis and by TNF-α treatment of chondrocytes S.J. Gilbert; S.J. Gilbert 1Connective Tissue Biology Laboratories, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3US Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar V.C. Duance; V.C. Duance 1Connective Tissue Biology Laboratories, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3US Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D.J. Mason D.J. Mason 1Connective Tissue Biology Laboratories, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3US Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 2002 Biochemical Society2002 Biochem Soc Trans (2002) 30 (5): A105. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst030a105a Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation S.J. Gilbert, V.C. Duance, D.J. Mason; PACT, the protein activator of PKR is up-regulated at the onset of osteoarthritis and by TNF-α treatment of chondrocytes. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 2002; 30 (5): A105. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst030a105a Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2002 Biochemical Society2002 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Electrostatic actuators and tunable micro capacitors/switches with expanded tuning range due to intrinsic stress gradients (2003)

A stress gradient was induced in two directions (through the plane of the beam and along its length) to produce a beam deflection of specific curvature. The stress gradient was produced by altering the conditions during electroplating. The pull-down characteristics of four electrostatic actuators were measured. Stressed, hard gold was patterned in a triangular shape on top of stress-free soft gold. This stress gradient along the length of the beams significantly improved the tuning range compared with devices containing spatially uniform stress. The tuning range of the variably stressed gold devices improved by 30 percent for the double-hinged square devices, by 45 percent for the double-hinged elliptical devices, and by 35 percent for the double-hinged rectangular device. Voltage cycling and temperature variation has no significant impact on the pull-down characteristics of the actuator.
Supplementary Data from NCI Comparative Oncology Program Testing of Non-Camptothecin Indenoisoquinoline Topoisomerase I Inhibitors in Naturally Occurring Canine Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;All supplementary files together&lt;/p&gt;
<title>Actively mode-locked THz p-Ge hot-hole lasers with electric pulse-separation control and gain control</title> (1999)

Electric control of the separation between two interleaved pulse trains from a far-IR p-Ge laser, which is actively mode-locked by rf gain modulation at the second harmonic of the roundtrip frequency, is demonstrated by changing the electric bias at the rf contacts. A suggested application is telemetry using pulse-separation modulation. Optimal operation of the laser on the light-to-heavy-hole transition requires strong, perfectly crossed electric and magnetic fields, but the experimental data reveal a electric-field component along the magnetic field caused by space-charge effects inside the laser crystal, even when the applied fields are perfectly orthogonal. Monte Carlo simulations together with a Poisson solver are used to discuss the various mechanisms behind these effects and to find the electric field inside the laser crystal. These calculations agree reasonably well with experimental data obtained so far, and show not only the significant impact that charging can have on the output of actively mode-locked p-Ge lasers, but also suggest that they strongly influence the average gain of p-Ge lasers in general.
Speaker verification through large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (2002)

The authors present a study of a speaker verification system for telephone data based on large-vocabulary speech recognition. After describing the recognition engine, they give details of the verification algorithm and draw comparisons with other systems. The system has been tested on a test set taken from the Switchboard corpus of conversational telephone speech, and they present results showing how performance varies with length of test utterance, and whether or not the training data has been transcribed. The dominant factor in performance appears to be channel or handset mismatch between training and testing data.
Single event effect test results for candidate spacecraft electronics (2002)

We present both heavy ion and proton single event effect (SEE) ground test results for candidate spacecraft electronics. A variety of digital, analog, and fiber optic devices were tested, including DRAMs, FPGAs and fiber links.
Crystal structure of 2,4’-oxa-2’ -bromo-2,2’ -bisadamantane, C20H27BrO (2002)

Article Crystal structure of 2,4’-oxa-2’ -bromo-2,2’ -bisadamantane, C20H27BrO was published on December 1, 2002 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 217, issue 1).
Multiresonator-Based Chipless RFID System for Low-Cost Item Tracking (2009)

A fully passive printable chipless RFID system is presented. The chipless tag uses the amplitude and phase of the spectral signature of a multiresonator circuit and provides 1:1 correspondence of data bits. The tag comprises of a microstrip spiral multiresonator and cross-polarized transmitting and receiving microstrip ultra-wideband disc loaded monopole antennas. The reader antenna is a log periodic dipole antenna with average 5.5-dBi gain. Firstly, a 6-bit chipless tag is designed to encode 000000 and 010101 IDs. Finally, a 35-bit chipless tag based on the same principle is presented. The tag has potentials for low-cost item tagging such as banknotes and secured documents.
Thermal and optical stability of injected charge in stacked dielectric layers (1997)

Dielectric layer configurations of silicon dioxide/silicon nitride and silicon dioxide/silicon nitride/silicon dioxide were used to build up accumulation layers for back surface fields as well as inversion layers for inversion-layer solar cells. The silicon nitride was prepared by plasma-enhanced or low-pressure chemical vapour deposition. The high neutral trap concentration () of the silicon nitride layer was utilized to increase the fixed charge, because these traps could be negatively charged by electron injection (photoinjection during an applied bias) or positively charged by photo-depopulation. The traps were charged/discharged by the irradiation of a deuterium lamp (4 eV to 6 eV) and the injected charge was measured by high-frequency capacitance - voltage measurements. We investigated the stability of injected charge with respect to temperature and optical degradation below air mass 1.5 condition (AM1.5). To explain the stability behaviour, we determined the band-offsets. Temperature stability could be confirmed for all examined configurations, but optical stability was seen only for the system .
Multilevel diversity coding with three encoders (2002)

In this paper, we study 2-level and 3-level diversity coding systems with 3 encoders. We assume that the source consists of independent data streams. For the 100 configurations we have studied, we found that coding by superposition is optimal for 86 of the configurations.
Stereoselective Aldehyde Addition to Rhenium-Coordinated Furans (2003)

Dihapto-coordinated furan complexes of the form TpRe(CO)(t-BuNC)(2,3-η2-furan) (Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate) react with aldehydes in the presence of BF3·OEt2 to yield dihydrofuran complexes. Depending on the reaction conditions, these products take one of three forms: a dihapto-coordinated trans-2-alkyl-3-acyl-2,3-dihydrofuran, trans-2,3-dialkyl-2,3-dihydrofuran, or 4a,7a-dihydro-4H-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxine. The first two are formed exclusively as trans-disubstituted products, whereas the last exhibits cis stereochemistry at the ring fusion. These are isolated as mixtures of coordination diastereomers, which are separable by chromatography. Of the two diastereomers of the trans-2-alkyl-3-acyl-2,3-dihydrofuran product obtained in each case, only the major isomer undergoes an interfacial isomerization under ambient conditions. Attempts to decomplex the dihydrofurans were unsuccessful.
Progress in soil moisture estimation from remote sensing data for for agricultural drought monitoring (2006)

Soil moisture is one of the most important indicators for agricultural drought monitoring. In this paper we present a comprehensive review to the progress in remote sensing of soil moisture, with focus on discussion of the method details and problems existing in soil moisture estimation from remote sensing data. Thermal inertia and crop water stress index (CWSI) can be used for soil moisture estimation under bare soil and vegetable environments respectively. Anomaly vegetation index (AVI) and vegetation condition index (VCI) are another alternative methods for soil moisture estimation with Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Both NDVI and land surface temperature (LST) are considered in temperature vegetation index (TVI), vegetation supply water index (VSWI) and vegetation temperature condition index (VTCI). Microwave remote sensing is the most effective technique for soil moisture estimation. Active microwave can provide high spatial resolution but is sensitive to soil rough and vegetation. Passive microwave has a low resolution and revisit frequency but it has more potential for large scale agricultural drought monitoring. Integration of optical/ IR and microwave remote sensing may be the practical method for drought monitoring in both accuracy and in efficiency.
Enhanced interactivity in a multimedia system over Internet (2002)

This paper discusses the improved interactivity in a multimedia telelearning system over the Internet. Three levels of interactions are considered with the emphasis on the interaction between the end-user and the document. An interaction engine is designed to achieve the pre-defined interactions on this level. The techniques of the implementation on the interaction engine are presented.