gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of posterior condylar offset on knee flexion after total knee replacement using a cruciate-sacrificing mobile-bearing implant (2007)

We have studied the concept of posterior condylar offset and the importance of its restoration on the maximum range of knee flexion after posterior-cruciate-ligament-retaining total knee replacement (TKR). We measured the difference in the posterior condylar offset before and one year after operation in 69 patients who had undergone a primary cruciate-sacrificing mobile bearing TKR by one surgeon using the same implant and a standardised operating technique. In all the patients true pre- and post-operative lateral radiographs had been taken. The mean pre- and post-operative posterior condylar offset was 25.9 mm (21 to 35) and 26.9 mm (21 to 34), respectively. The mean difference in posterior condylar offset was + 1 mm (-6 to +5). The mean pre-operative knee flexion was 111 degrees (62 degrees to 146 degrees) and at one year postoperatively, it was 107 degrees (51 degrees to 137 degrees). There was no statistical correlation between the change in knee flexion and the difference in the posterior condylar offset after TKR (Pearson correlation coefficient r = -0.06, p = 0.69).
Tenascin-X: a novel extracellular matrix protein encoded by the human XB gene overlapping P450c21B (1993)

A human gene termed XB overlaps the P450c21B gene encoding steroid 21-hydroxylase and encodes a protein that closely resembles extracellular matrix proteins. Sequencing of phage and cosmid clones and of cDNA fragments shows that the XB gene spans 65 kb of DNA, consisting of 39 exons that encode a 12-kb mRNA. The predicted protein of over 400 kD consists of five distinct domains: a signal peptide, a hydrophobic domain containing three heptad repeats, a series of 18.5 EGF-like repeats, 29 fibronectin type III repeats, and a carboxy-terminal fibrinogen-like domain. Because the structure of the protein encoded by the XB gene closely resembles tenascin, we term this protein tenascin-X (TN-X), and propose a simplified nomenclature system for the family of tenascins. RNase protection experiments show that the TN-X transcript is expressed ubiquitously in human fetal tissues, with the greatest expression in the fetal testis and in fetal skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Two adrenal-specific transcripts, P450c21B (steroid 21-hydroxylase) and Y (an untranslated transcript) overlap the XB gene on the complementary strand of DNA, yielding a unique array of overlapping transcripts: a "polygene." In situ hybridization histochemistry experiments show that the TN-X transcript and the P450c21 and Y transcripts encoded on the complementary DNA strand are all expressed in the same cells of the human adrenal cortex. Genetic data suggest that TN-X may be essential for life.
Combined input and output all-optical variable buffered switch architecture for future optical routers (2005)

We present a novel optical packet switching fabric architecture incorporating both input single-stage and output multistage all-optical variable delay buffers as combined input and output queues. For a given optical buffer size (1000 B), the proposed architecture, which has combined input and output optical variable buffer queues with optimum partition, achieves packet loss rates (3.4E-5) that are three orders of magnitude lower than the case without the variable buffers and two orders of magnitude lower than the cases with input or output optical queues alone.
Healing of perineal Crohn's disease with metronidazole. (1980)

The effect of metronidazole was studied in 21 consecutive patients with chronic unremitting perineal Crohn's disease. Drainage, erythema, and induration diminished dramatically in all patients, and complete healing was obtained in 10 of 18 patients maintained on therapy. Five others have shown advanced healing; in 2 patients the inflammation is improved, but healing is minimal. Side effects of metallic taste, dark urine, and mild gastrointestinal upset occurred in many patients. However, the dosage had to be decreased in only 4 patients and the drug discontinued in 1 patient, all because of peripheral neuropathy that proved to be reversible. In 2 other patients, metronidazole was discontinued because of poor compliance. If further experience corroborates this prompt and striking response in patients with extreme, disabling, and otherwise unmanageable disease, metronidazole will play an important role in the therapy of perineal Crohn's disease.
High fill factor P-on-N Silicon Photomultipliers for blue light detection (2012)

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are fabricated in two different configurations: P-on-N and N-on-P junctions. More particularly P-on-N SiPMs are more suitable for application in Positron Emission Tomography (PET), due to their higher sensitivity in blue wavelength range where common PET scintillators have their emission spectrum. In this paper we will report on the electro-optical performances of the first P-on-N SiPMs manufactured at STMicroelectronics-Catania. The results obtained on these devices are compared with those measured on the standard N-on-P technology. We will show that the performances of the new devices are extremely promising in terms of higher photon detection efficiency in blue wavelength range and lower cross talk effects.
Inflammatory aneurysms of the abdominal aorta: a five years experience. (1994)

During a five-year period, seven out of 85 patients undergoing surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm, were identified as having the inflammatory variant. The clinical data, management and follow-up are reported. Computed tomography is the preferred examination for the disclosure of the nature of the aneurysm. Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement is advocated as the treatment of choice and requires a specific technique. Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms are a clinical distinct entity but are considered as being a variant of the atherosclerotic abdominal aneurysm. The etiology has as yet not been clarified, even though various theories have been proposed.
A development process for large multimedia titles (1994)

Within IBM there are many groups that have made small-scale multimedia titles. Large titles, however, are not so common. This paper describes the process that we followed to create a large title, Experience C++. It begins with a description of why we decided to create a multimedia title about C++. It then describes the process that we followed to make the title. Finally, it describes the lessons that we learned and our plans for the future.
Towards In-Flight Detection and Accommodation of Faults in Aircraft Engines (2004)

To effectively accommodate safety-critical faults in-flight it is necessary to rapidly detect them and to have a means to accommodate the fault. We present results on model-based fault detection using sensor residuals from an extended Kalman filter with an embedded real-time engine model to characterize un-faulted behavior over the flight envelope. Thereafter, we present an approach for online fault accommodation via optimal changes in a set of suitable adjustments in the existing FADEC control logic. These optimal adjustments are obtained through off-line optimization for recovery of stall margins and thrust, then interpolated online for the existing flight conditions. We present results of the fault detection & accommodation applied to a high-bypass commercial aircraft engine over the flight envelope.
Home Warranty Insurance: Wrestling the Beast (2018)

State and territory-based home warranty insurance schemes, first introduced in 1972 in NSW, have always been divisive, poorly understood and deeply unpopular with both builders and home owners, writes John Power. However, a new private-sector model - SecureBuild - has the potential to tame the beast while improving industry standards.
Prediction of Muscle Fatigue During Dynamic Exercises based on Surface Electromyography Signals Using Gaussian Classifier (2022)

Muscle fatigue is shown to be associated with incidence of musculoskeletal injuries found with sports training and competition. The real-time detection of fatigue onset allows preventative measures to be taken in time to minimize injuries. In this paper, we aim to provide a framework that classifies muscle fatigue based on surface electromyography (sEMG) features extracted during dynamic exercises. This includes the use of data segmentation, real-time-compatible data normalization, a principal component analysis (PCA) based feature reduction and Gaussian classifier methods.An experiment has been carried out to acquire the sEMG signals of the upper two pairs of rectus abdominis muscles of four healthy adult volunteers during weighted decline and bench-assisted sit-ups. The collected sEMG signals are then segmented into concentric and eccentric segments by using the inertial measurement unit (IMU) data. Eight commonly used sEMG features are extracted from each segment. We fit two Gaussian models (GMs) on the distribution of fatigued and non-fatigued data samples and show that the GM can utilize this information to predict the number of repetitions possible before task failure. We fit another set of GM on a reduced feature space by projecting the data onto principal component axes obtained through singular value decomposition (SVD). By projecting the features onto the first two principal axes, we achieve similar accuracy and f1-scores compared to the GM by using 6 handpicked features. This reduction in the feature space greatly reduces the training samples necessary for such class-imbalanced datasets. This classifier can also be directly used in the real-time detection of muscle fatigue during dynamic movements, which can be adopted in applications in sports, workplaces, and rehabilitation sciences. These frequency-time characteristics also provide insight into the function of low-level feature extractors when developing deep learning models to identify muscle fatigue.
Treatment of refractory multiple myeloma with vincristine, adriamycin, dexamethasone, and with repeated application of cyclophosphamide (C-VAD). (1994)

The quick reduction of differentiated myeloma cells by VAD chemotherapy (vincristine, adriamycin, dexamethasone) causes, according to the investigation by Bell et al., the acceleration of the proliferation of myeloma stem cells. In 1990 Bell demonstrated that this proliferation could be stopped by administering 500 mg of cyclophosphamide in 1-week intervals. We therefore modified the classical VAD scheme to the following "C-VAD" scheme:vincristine 0.5 mg/day in continuous infusion on the first to the 4th day, adriamycin 9 mg/m2/day in continual infusion on the 1st to the 4th day, dexamethasone 40 mg p.o. or i.v. always on 4 days starting with the 1st, 10th and 20th days, cyclophosphamide 600 mg i.v. on the 5th, 10th and 20th days). A further cycle follows on the 28th day. In the present paper the effect and the tolerance of this C-VAD scheme is evaluated: In the group of 21 patients with refractory myeloma 9 remissions were achieved, 5 partial remissions, in 6 patients the disease progressed, 1 patient died after the 2nd cycle without the possibility of evaluating the therapeutic response. The mean remission length was 10.2 months. The tolerance of chemotherapy was satisfactory, C-VAD chemotherapy did not cause any serious drop in the number of leucocytes and thrombocytes. Echocardiographically lower adriamycin cardiotoxicity was demonstrated in continual administration in comparison with the bolus administration. The C-VAD scheme is considered to be suitable for comparison with the VAD chemotherapy in a randomized study.
The p53-binding protein MDM2 gene is differentially expressed in human breast carcinoma. (1993)

The human p53-binding protein murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is believed to function as a negative regulator of p53. The MDM2 gene was cloned and sequenced only recently and was found to be amplified in a variety of sarcomas. Although mutations in the p53 gene have been shown to occur in human breast carcinoma (HBC), no information is available on MDM2 gene expression in HBC. In this study we report for the first time that the MDM2 gene is differentially expressed in HBC. Our results demonstrate a correlation between the estrogen receptor (ER) status and the MDM2 mRNA levels. In contrast to the ER-negative cell lines, all the ER-positive cell lines were found to express higher levels of MDM2 mRNA. ER-positive ZR-75 cells express 30-fold higher levels of MDM2 mRNA than does the ER-negative cell line Hs578T. Estrogen enhanced albeit modestly the MDM2 mRNA levels in ER-positive MCF-7 cells. Estrogen enhancement of MDM2 mRNA levels was also observed in ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with functional ERs. Our data thus suggest that estrogen may play an important role in HBC growth stimulation by modulating the expression of MDM2, which in turn may inactivate the p53 function.
The TYLCV-tolerant tomato line MP-1 is characterized by superior transformation competence (1997)

The tomato line MP-1 excels the cultivars commonly used for transformation with regard to the speed of regeneration, percentage of transformation and frequency of phenotypically normal transgenic plants. These characteristics, together with its tolerance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus, make line MP-1 very suitable for large scale generation of transgenic tomatoes.
Venture Deep, the Path of Least Resistance: Crevasse-Based Ocean Access Without the Need to Dig or Drill (2021)

The Cassini Mission unveiled Enceladus as a key target for astrobiology exploration in the coming decade (Schenk et al., 2018, and references therein). The Enceladus plume provides a unique pathway to sample from, and potentially travel to, an alien ocean. This ocean is global and habitable, containing all ingredients for life as we know it -"extended regions of liquid water, conditions favorable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy source(s) to sustain metabolism" A future mission to Enceladus, built with today's technology, could address a pivotal question that reaches civilization-level science: Are we alone? However, Enceladus presents many mobility challenges. The majority of grains emitted from the plume fall back onto the surface of this moon At 1% Earth's gravity, this unconsolidated plume ejecta likely fluidizes when disturbed, making traditional wheeled mobility untenable. Sintering of the ice grains might also need to be accounted for. Various models of how the plume is driven provide a wide range of environments to be traversed, not only on the surface but within the vent itself, which may be circuitous or constricted. The vent interior dimensions could also vary over the orbital period of Enceladus. With a ~2.5 hour round trip communications time and the dynamic environment of the plume and ocean, any mission looking to access the ocean through the vent system must be fully autonomous. An adaptable, autonomous robotic architecture is capable of navigating Enceladus' surface and reaching the subsurface ocean in the coming decade.
Modeling idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar epithelial organoids (2021)

<b>Introduction:</b> Dysregulation of the alveolar epithelium by repeated injury is recognised as a driver of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, access to relevant pre-clinical models of alveolar epithelial injury in IPF is limited. <b>Aims and objectives:</b> We sought to develop a disease model of alveolar epithelial injury in IPF using alveolar epithelial organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for drug discovery. <b>Methods:</b> Alveolar epithelial organoids were derived from iPSCs and treated with a fibrosis cocktail (FC) of the pro-fibrotic and inflammatory cytokines TGFβ, TNFα, PDGF-AB and LPA. IPF-related changes were evaluated by RNA-Seq, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. To evaluate the potential of this system for testing anti-fibrotic compounds, we performed prophylactic treatment with the marketed IPF drug nintedanib for 72 h and screened for well-known hallmarks of IPF by qRT-PCR. <b>Results:</b> The FC induced changes known to be observed in IPF, such as epithelial injury and reprogramming (e.g. loss of <i>SFTPC</i> expression and induced <i>VIM</i> expression), production of extracellular matrix and induction of cellular senescence- associated genes. Interestingly, FC treatment also increased expression of <i>KRT17</i> and <i>KRT8</i>, both recently identified in single-cell RNA-Seq studies as markers of dysregulated epithelial repair in IPF. Treatment with nintedanib partially prevented transcriptional changes in extracellular matrix components, matrix-modifying enzymes and mediators of several signaling pathways associated with IPF. <b>Conclusions:</b> FC treatment of iPSC-derived alveolar epithelial cells successfully models several key aspects of IPF and some of these changes can be prevented with nintedanib, demonstrating that this system can be used for disease modeling of IPF and drug discovery.
Combline filters using conical resonators (2004)

This paper describes a novel configuration for combline filters employing conical rods as central conductors in the resonators. With respect to resonators with uniform rods, this shape allows a reduction of the capacitive loading for a given length of the resonator; as a consequence, a larger gap at the rod's end can be employed (it is particularly convenient in high power filters). In this paper a general procedure is presented for analyzing nonuniform resonators under TEM approximation for the fundamental resonant mode; using this procedure, a simple design method for combline filters using non-uniform resonators has been developed. A test filter operating in the frequency hand 824-894 MHz has been designed and fabricated for verifying the novel configuration here introduced; the experimental measurements obtained from this prototype have shown to be in good agreement with the expected performances.
ALLOGRAFT REJECTION OF FAS AND FAS-L DEFICIENT KIDNEYS : LACK OF CORRELATION BETWEEN IMPROVED FUNCTION AND APOPTOSIS (1998)

32 Allograft rejection is associated with activation of both Fas/FasL and perforin/granzyme pathways of cytolysis. Absence of donor tissue Fas expression does not alter cardiac allograft rejection, but the role of Fas/FasL interactions during renal allograft rejection may be more complex as renal cells can express both receptor and ligand, and renal injury may therefore be influenced by interactions with parenchymal cells as well as with infiltrating cells. Induction of tubular epithelial Fas expression has been observed during rejection and may increase their susceptibility to FasL mediated injury, while expression of low levels of FasL by renal tissue might modulate infiltrating cells. To study the effect of donor tissue Fas and FasL in renal allograft rejection, nephrectomized male B6 mice (8 wks) were transplanted with age matched Fas deficient C3H-Faslpr, FasL deficient C3H-FasLgld or control C3H-HeJ kidneys(n=5/group). Mice were sacrificed between 14-16 days post transplant, at which time all control recipients had clinical evidence of rejection and proteinuria (>2+) consistent with advanced injury. Blinded analysis of formalin fixed hematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections did not demonstrate significant differences in histology with all groups having mononuclear cell infiltrates and tubulitis. Intra-renal apoptosis was assessed by immunohistochemical TdT mediated dUTP nick ended labeling (TUNEL)(n=3/group). Counting 10 fields per section, equivalent numbers of apoptotic cells were found in control (mean=11.5 ± 2.9/hpf) and lpr kidneys (11.4 ± 2.3/hpf) but much less apoptosis was detected ingld kidney tissue (2.2 ± 1.8, p<0.05). Apoptosis appeared to be primarily within peritubular infiltrating cells. Serum creatinine was reduced in both lpr (42±8 µmol/l, n=5) and gld donor groups (63±3, n=2) as compared to controls(91±5, n=4, p < 0.01) and non transplanted B6 mice (48±18µmol/l). Although activation of both Fas/FasL and perforin/granzyme pathways occurs during kidney allograft rejection, these data indicate improved renal function can occur in Fas or FasL deficient grafts which does not correlate with the level of intra-renal graft apoptosis. Although more mice are needed for analysis, improved graft function with gld allografts is consistent with the suggestion that FasL expression under some conditions could accelerate alloimmune injury rather than confering immune privilege. Functional improvement with lpr allografts may reflect a reduced susceptibility of tubular epithelial cells to FasL mediated injury and suggests inhibition of renal Fas/FasL might be a strategy to augment renal allograft survival.
IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL TARGETS OF THE GRR1P SCF UBIQUITIN LIGASE IN FUNGI (2015)

The opportunistic human pathogen Candida albicans causes both superficial and life-threatening systemic infections and is a leading cause of fungal disease in immunocompromised individuals.  C. albicans can grow in different cell shapes, or morphologies, including yeast-like cells and a variety of filamentous forms, such as true hyphae and pseudohyphae.   Yeast, hyphae and pseudohyphae have been observed at the sites of Candida infection and there is strong evidence that morphogenesis, the transition between yeast and filamentous growth forms, is essential for virulence. Several studies have implicated ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in the regulation of morphogenesis, yet the mechanism by which this pathway does so is largely unknown.  Previously, we have shown that deletion of the GRR1 gene results in the constitutive formation of filamentous growth forms.  The Grr1 protein is a component of an SCF ubiquitin ligase system that selectively targets proteins for degradation.  Thus, the loss of Grr1-mediated proteolysis presumably leads to the aberrant accumulation, and inappropriate activity, of a protein or proteins that induce filamentous growth.  The spectrum of proteins targeted for degradation by Grr1 is not known.  The goal of this project is to identify Grr1 targets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an experimentally tractable model system for pathogenic fungi.  We are using a novel proteomics-based approach to isolate and characterize proteins that are ubiquitinated in a Grr1-dependent fashion. The successful identification of Grr1p targets will be important for developing a working model of the pathways involved in the yeast to filamentous growth transition in pathogenic fungi.
Investigation of the Causes of Wind Turbine Blade Damage at Shiratakiyama Wind Farm in Japan — A Computer Simulation Based Approach — (2011)

During the passage of Typhoon 0918 (Melor) over southern Honshu in Japan on 7 and 8 October 2009, strong winds with extremely high turbulence fluctuations were observed over Shirataki Mountain and the surrounding mountains in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. These strong winds caused damage to wind turbine blades at the Shiratakiyama Wind Farm owned by Kinden Corporation. In order to investigate the causes of the blade damage, the airflow characteristics from the time of the incidences are first simulated in detail with the combined use of the WRF-ARW mesoscale meteorological model and RIAM-COMPACT® LES turbulence model. Subsequently, in order to evaluate the wind pressure acting on the wind turbine blades, an airflow analysis is separately performed for the vicinity of the blades with a RANS turbulence model. Finally, the stress on the blades is investigated using the Finite Element Method (FEM) with the RANS analysis results as the boundary conditions.