gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical element for full spectral purity from IR-generated EUV light sources (2009)

Laser produced plasma (LLP) sources are generally considered attractive for high power EUV production in next generation lithography equipment. Such plasmas are most efficiently excited by the relatively long, infrared wavelengths of CO<sub>2</sub>-lasers, but a significant part of the rotational-vibrational excitation lines of the CO<sub>2</sub> radiation will be backscattered by the plasma's critical density surface and consequently will be present as parasitic radiation in the spectrum of such sources. Since most optical elements in the EUV collecting and imaging train have a high reflection coefficient for IR radiation, undesirable heating phenomena at the resist level are likely to occur. In this study a completely new principle is employed to obtain full separation of EUV and IR radiation from the source by a single optical component. While the application of a transmission filter would come at the expense of EUV throughput, this technique potentially enables wavelength separation without loosing reflectance compared to a conventional Mo/Si multilayer coated element. As a result this method provides full spectral purity from the source without loss in EUV throughput. Detailed calculations on the principal of functioning are presented.
State of the Art in Computational Fabrication and Display of Material Appearance (2013)

After decades of research on digital representations of material and object appearance, computer graphics has more recently turned to the problem of creating physical artifacts with controllable appearance characteristics. While this work has mostly progressed in two parallel streams - display technologies as well as novel fabrication processes - we believe there is a large overlap and the potential for synergies between these two approaches. In this report, we summarize research efforts from the worlds of fabrication display, and categorize the different approaches into a common taxonomy. We believe that this report can serve as a basis for systematic exploration of the design space in future research.
Effect of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling on supercurrent rectification and magnetochiral anisotropy of ballistic Josephson junctions (2022)

Simultaneous breaking of inversion- and time-reversal symmetry in Josephson junction (JJ) leads to a possible violation of the<i>I</i>(<i>φ</i>) = -<i>I</i>(-<i>φ</i>) equality for the current-phase relation. This is known as anomalous Josephson effect and it produces a phase shift<i>φ</i><sub>0</sub>in sinusoidal current-phase relations. In ballistic JJs with non-sinusoidal current phase relation the observed phenomenology is much richer, including the supercurrent diode effect and the magnetochiral anisotropy (MCA) of Josephson inductance. In this work, we present measurements of both effects on arrays of JJs defined on epitaxial Al/InAs heterostructures. We show that the orientation of the current with respect to the lattice affects the MCA, possibly as the result of a finite Dresselhaus component. In addition, we show that the two-fold symmetry of the Josephson inductance reflects in the activation energy for phase slips.
Assessment of prostate cancer with integrated CT-perfusion using a sector-wise approach (2017)

BF correlates weakly with size and vascularity of PCa. There is a need for further studies to elucidate the association between CTP parameters and other histopathological parameters.
Computer-Assisted Data Management in Medicinal Chemistry-The Use of a General-Purpose Text Editor (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer-Assisted Data Management in Medicinal Chemistry-The Use of a General-Purpose Text EditorS. Joel Kaufmann, Arthur E. Jacobson, and William F. RaubCite this: J. Chem. Doc. 1970, 10, 4, 248–255Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/c160039a007https://doi.org/10.1021/c160039a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Systematic evaluation of constraint properties of datum flow chain (2002)

Earlier, a concept of datum flow chain (DFC) was introduced which captures fundamental structure of an assembly. It documents strategy for constraining parts and locating them with respect to each other. It relates assembly level key characteristics, assembly sequences and choice of mating features to each other. This article presents a new method for evaluation of constraint properties of assemblies using DFC. This comprehensive method shall be able to evaluate certain types of DFC. It will find all under-constraints and over-constraints in the assembly. DFC is not limited only to constraint analysis. It can represent tolerance chains in the assembly under certain circumstances. However, sometimes assemblies may have multiple tolerance chains and stress-strain analysis may be required in order to do a meaningful tolerance analysis. Clearance on mating features may relieve the problems associated with multiple tolerance chains. However, it introduces uncertainty in the location of parts. DFC does not remain unique when the assembly has multiple tolerance chains. This article will present a classification of assemblies based on their constraint properties. This classification identifies when DFC becomes nonunique or when it can be used for tolerance analysis.
Calcite Frequency Splitter For High-Density Wavelength-Division-multiplexing Transmission (1996)

In this work we present a frequency demultiplexing device, inserted in a multimode transmitting stage for High Density WDM systems. It is based on bulk Calcite single crystals and represents a valuable and cost-effective alternative solution to dispersive gratings and Fabry-Perot filters in separating closely spaced optical channels.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoporous Aluminosilicate Catalyst with 3D Cage‐Type Porous Structure as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives. (2010)

Abstract Coupling of aldehydes with o‐phenylenediamine in the presence of the highly acidic aluminosilicate gives benzimidazoles in good yields.
A Near-Future Prediction Method for Low Power Consumption on a Many-Core Processor (2013)

We developed a method that predicts the required number of cores for executing threads in the near future on a many-core processor. It is designed for low power consumption without performance degradation. The evaluation result confirmed the proposed method is effective on a 32-cores processor.
Silicon nitride deposition process for low cost microelectronics applications (2002)

A new technique for Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) of silicon nitride is presented in this paper. This technique involves specially built equipment which allows the use of low temperature, low frequency processing. The results obtained show silicon nitride which has all of the positive characteristics of conventional silicon nitride but with equipment which is much less expensive and very easy to use and maintain.
A Concurrent Transmission for Improving Throughput in Wireless LANs (2013)

IEEE 802.11 DCF(Distributed Coordination Function)는 소스와 목적지 단말의 데이터 전송 절차에 따라 2-way 핸드쉐이크와 4-way 핸드쉐이크 방식을 제공한다. 특정 단말이 채널을 점유할 경우 전송범위 안에 속해 있는 이웃 단말들은 데이터 신호를 수신하여 채널이 점유 중인 것을 감지하고 전송을 연기하게 된다. 하지만 먼저 전송 중인 소스와 목적지 단말에게 충돌을 발생시키지 않는 조건에서 이웃 단말이 동시 전송이 가능하다면 불필요하게 전송을 연기할 필요가 없을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 동시 전송이 가능한 조건에 대하여 연구해보고 이를 만족하는 경우 동시 전송을 수행하는 기법을 제안하였다. DCF(Distributed Coordination Function) defined in IEEE 802.11 provides two different modes, namely, a 2-way handshake and a 4-way handshake according to the transmission procedure. If secondary transmission would not cause a collision with primary transmission, there is no need to postpone transmission unnecessarily. We study a feasible condition which can transmit data concurrently and propose a concurrent transmission scheme.
Lensless Smart Sensors: Optical and thermal sensing for the Internet of Things (2016)

Lensless Smart Sensors (LSS) add optical and thermal sensing capabilities to the Internet of Things (IoT) in a form factor that cannot be achieved with traditional lensed systems. Different from lensed systems, LSS is based on diffraction instead of refraction, and different from other diffractive optical elements in that it can operate with a wide field of view (FOV) and over a wide wavelength band. LSS's use of computation to extract information from a captured scene makes LSS a good fit for applications where the goal is not to create an image for human consumption, but for machine viewing (e.g. to trigger actions in a connected device). Since the raw sensed image is encoded by the grating structure, LSS opens applications where the use of a camera would create privacy concerns. This paper describes the operational principle of LSS and discusses three examples in more detail.
Non-Hierarchical Networks for Censorship-Resistant Personal Communication. (2014)

The Internet promises widespread access to the world’s collective information and fast communication among people, but common government censorship and spying undermines this potential. This censorship is facilitated by the Internet’s hierarchical structure. Most traffic flows through routers owned by a small number of ISPs, who can be secretly coerced into aiding such efforts. Traditional crypographic defenses are confusing to common users. This thesis advocates direct removal of the underlying heirarchical infrastructure instead, replacing it with non-hierarchical networks. These networks lack such chokepoints, instead requiring would-be censors to control a substantial fraction of the participating devices—an expensive proposition. We take four steps towards the development of practical non-hierarchical networks. (1) We first describe Whisper, a non-hierarchical mobile ad hoc network (MANET) architecture for personal communication among friends and family that resists censorship and surveillance. At its core are two novel techniques, an efficient routing scheme based on the predictability of human locations anda variant of onion-routing suitable for decentralized MANETs. (2) We describe the design and implementation of Shout, a MANET architecture for censorship-resistant, Twitter-like public microblogging. (3) We describe the Mason test, amethod used to detect Sybil attacks in ad hoc networks in which trusted authorities are not available. (4) We characterize and model the aggregate behavior of Twitter users to enable simulation-based study of systems like Shout. We use our characterization of the retweet graph to analyze a novel spammer detection technique for Shout.
국내거주 외국인 은행서비스 활성화 방안 (2014)

The purpose of this study is to define what constitutes a banking system for our target market expat clients that is on par with global standards and at the same time allows Korea to become a financial hub as well as what core competencies should be developed to gain a competitive advantage and achieve the aforementioned goals. However, this study does not simply focus on products for expats, but rather it strives to improve the system to a consistent and unified one of Total Quality Service that can be evolved into a system that is built for ease of use to market Foreign Direct Investments. Available data from the National Tax Office and the Ministry of Justice databases are collected and disseminated to determine the behavior of foreign investors. Afterwards, we give an overview then analyze the current systems and products in place by domestic banks and develop a theoretical model as a recommendation for what the local firms need to execute: through the use of case studies on global banks. Using the case studies, we develop strategies to strengthen the products and overall service strategies intended for foreign investors as well as a promotion strategy.
Filtering Translation Bandwidth with Virtual Caching (2018)

Heterogeneous computing with GPUs integrated on the same chip as CPUs is ubiquitous, and to increase programmability many of these systems support virtual address accesses from GPU hardware. However, this entails address translation on every memory access. We observe that future GPUs and workloads show very high bandwidth demands (up to 4 accesses per cycle in some cases) for shared address translation hardware due to frequent private TLB misses. This greatly impacts performance (32% average performance degradation relative to an ideal MMU). To mitigate this overhead, we propose a software-agnostic, practical, GPU virtual cache hierarchy. We use the virtual cache hierarchy as an effective address translation bandwidth filter. We observe many requests that miss in private TLBs find corresponding valid data in the GPU cache hierarchy. With a GPU virtual cache hierarchy, these TLB misses can be filtered (i.e., virtual cache hits), significantly reducing bandwidth demands for the shared address translation hardware. In addition, accelerator-specific attributes (e.g., less likelihood of synonyms) of GPUs reduce the design complexity of virtual caches, making a whole virtual cache hierarchy (including a shared L2 cache) practical for GPUs. Our evaluation shows that the entire GPU virtual cache hierarchy effectively filters the high address translation bandwidth, achieving almost the same performance as an ideal MMU. We also evaluate L1-only virtual cache designs and show that using a whole virtual cache hierarchy obtains additional performance benefits (1.31× speedup on average).
Shear‐Induced Assembly of Liquid Colloidal Crystals for Large‐Scale Structural Coloration of Textiles (2021)

Abstract Photonic crystals (PCs) constructed from colloidal building blocks have attracted increasing attention because their brilliant structural colors may find broad applications in paints, sensors, displays, and security devices. However, producing high‐quality structural colors on flexible substrates such as textiles in an efficient and scalable manner remains a challenge. Here a robust and ultrafast approach to produce industrial‐scale colloidal PCs by the shear‐induced assembly of liquid colloidal crystals of polystyrene beads pre‐formed spontaneously over a critical volume fraction is demonstrated. The pre‐crystallization of colloidal crystals allows their efficient assembly into large‐scale PCs on flexible fabric substrates under shear force. Further, by programming the wettability of the fabric substrate with hydrophilic–hydrophobic regions, this shear‐based assembly strategy can conveniently generate pre‐designed patterns of complex structural colors. This assembly strategy brings structural coloration to flexible fabrics at a scale suitable for commercial applications; therefore, it holds the potential to revolutionize the coloration technology in the textile industry.
Increased caspase activation and decreased TDP‐43 solubility in progranulin knockout cortical cultures (2010)

Null mutations in progranulin (GRN) are associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration characterized by intraneuronal accumulation of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43). However, the mechanism by which GRN deficiency leads to neurodegeneration remains largely unknown. In primary cortical neurons derived from Grn knockout (Grn(-/-) ) mice, we found that Grn-deficiency causes significantly reduced neuronal survival and increased caspase-mediated apoptosis, which was not observed in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from Grn(-/-) mice. Also, neurons derived from Grn(-/-) mice showed an increased amount of pTDP-43 accumulations. Furthermore, proteasomal inhibition with MG132 caused increased caspase-mediated TDP-43 fragmentation and accumulation of detergent-insoluble 35- and 25-kDa C-terminal fragments in Grn(-/-) neurons and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Interestingly, full-length TDP-43 also accumulated in the detergent-insoluble fraction, and caspase-inhibition prevented MG132-induced generation of TDP-43 C-terminal fragments but did not block the pathological conversion of full-length TDP-43 from soluble to insoluble species. These data suggest that GRN functions as a survival factor for cortical neurons and GRN-deficiency causes increased susceptibility to cellular stress. This leads to increased aggregation and accumulation of full-length TDP-43 along with its C-terminal derivatives by both caspase-dependent and independent mechanisms.
Numerical Analysis of the Rayleigh Wave Dispersion Due to Surface Roughness (2004)

Recent interest in applications like the measurement of compressive surface residual stresses due to shot peening using Rayleigh type surface acoustic waves have brought into the spot light the adverse effects surface roughness might have on such measurements. Surface roughness produces significant dispersion of the Rayleigh wave used in the measurements. Therefore an accurate understanding of the effect of surface roughness on the dispersion of Rayleigh waves is of crucial importance for this application and others in which surface roughness is a natural by‐product of the manufacturing processes used to produce the part. In this paper, the dispersion of Rayleigh surface wave on a 2D‐randomly‐rough surface is studied numerically using Wave2000Pro, finite difference wave propagation simulation software. First the dispersion of the wave due to the discretization of the model is investigated to establish the accuracy of the model. Wave 2000Pro is then used to analyze the dispersion of Rayleigh wave propagating on the rough surface. The results of the numerical analysis are then compared to the calculations of Kosachev and Shchegrov.
A Protective Extracellular Matrix-Based Gene Delivery Reservoir Fabricated by Electrostatic Charge Manipulation (2012)

Gene therapy is a field that offers hope and promise for the treatment of diseases and traumas of a genetic nature and otherwise. However, progress toward the clinic has been delayed because of concerns over the safety of viral vectors and the efficacy of safer nonviral systems, which have low transfection efficacy and short transgene expression. This study describes the fabrication and characterization of a safe gene delivery reservoir system that has the potential to overcome issues associated with nonviral systems. Harnessing the electrostatic charges of collagen and polystyrene, microspheres were fabricated using a template-based method and characterized by microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, with the removal of the polystyrene template confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Loading and release of polyplexes confirmed the ability of the system to prolong polyplex delivery, with minimal cytotoxicity observed from viability studies on 3T3 fibroblasts. Finally, biological activity of released polyplexes was confirmed by reporter gene expression. Taken together, these properties indicate the potential of this system as a reservoir for gene delivery.
Projected Reality - Content Delivery Right onto Objects of Daily Life (2006)

Spatial augmented reality using controllable projector-camera-systems to project onto objects directly, or Projected Reality as we call it, offers the possibility to augment objects without requiring their users to wear or carry any devices. In order to provide the freedom of movement to users, we developed an architecture that allows projected applications to roam a network of projection units to follow the users. The concept of connecting physical objects with content in form of projected applications, although devised for projection based augmented reality systems, can be applied to HMD based or hand held AR systems as well. After a description of our AR projection system and a example application that could be used to provide location specific information to travelers using public transportation systems, we will lay out our vision of a system that may be able to provide content on a global scale
Modulating pathological oscillations by rhythmic non-invasive brain stimulation – a therapeutic concept? (2015)

Abstract A large amount of studies of the last decades revealed an association between human behaviour and oscillatory activity in the human brain. Alike, abnormalities of oscillatory activity were related with pathological behaviour in many neuropsychiatric disorders, such as in Parkinson’s disease (PD) or in schizophrenia (SCZ). As a therapeutic tool, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has demonstrated the potential to improve behavioural performance in patients suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders. Since evidence accumulates that NIBS might be able to modulate oscillatory activity and related behaviour in a scientific setting, this review focuses on discussing potential interventional strategies to target abnormalities in oscillatory activity in neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, we will review oscillatory changes described in patients after stroke, with PD or suffering from SCZ. Potential ways of targeting interventionally the underlying pathological oscillations to improve related pathological behaviour will be further discussed.
Encryption: High-impact Strategies - What You Need to Know Definitions, Adoptions, Impact, Benefits, Maturity, Vendors (2011)

Encryption is used to protect data in transit, for example data being transferred via networks (e.g. the Internet, e-commerce), mobile telephones, wireless microphones, wireless intercom systems, Bluetooth devices and bank automatic teller machines. Encrypting data in transit also helps to secure it as it is often difficult to physically secure all access to networks. Encryption, by itself, can protect the confidentiality of messages, but other techniques are still needed to protect the integrity and authenticity of a message; for example, verification of a message authentication code (Mac) or a digital signature. Standards and cryptographic software and hardware to perform encryption are widely available, but successfully using encryption to ensure security may be a challenging problem This book is your ultimate resource for Encryption. Here you will find the most up-to-date information, analysis, background and everything you need to know. In easy to read chapters, with extensive references and links to get you to know all there is to know about Encryption right away, covering: Encryption, Cryptography, Outline of cryptography, 1dl, Anonymous veto network, Array controller based encryption, Authenticated encryption, Authorization certificate, Autokey cypher, Avalanche effect, Averaging argument, Backdoor (computing), Bent function, Bigram, Blacker, Blind credential, Blind signature, Blinding (cryptography), Block design, Block size (cryptography), Blom's scheme, Bls (cryptography), Blum-Micali algorithm, Boneh/Franklin scheme, Boolean function, Brown fox code, Burrows-Abadi-Needham logic, Bus encryption, Byzantine fault tolerance, Cardan grille, Chaocipher, Cipher, Cipher runes, User talk:Ciphergoth/One-time pad, Ciphertext, Ciphertext expansion, Ciphertext indistinguishability, Civision, Client-Side Encryption, Clipper chip, Cocks Ibe scheme, Code (cryptography), Code word, Codebook, Codress message, Collision resistance,