gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Antireflection Coatings Based on Novel Hollow Silica–Silica Nanocomposites (2014)

Antireflection (AR) coatings that exhibit multifunctional characteristics, including high transparency, robust resistance to moisture, high hardness, and antifogging properties, were developed based on hollow silica-silica nanocomposites. These novel nanocomposite coatings with a closed-pore structure, consisting of hollow silica nanospheres (HSNs) infiltrated with an acid-catalyzed silica sol (ACSS), were fabricated using a low-cost sol-gel dip-coating method. The refractive index of the nanocomposite coatings was tailored by controlling the amount of ACSS infiltrated into the HSNs during synthesis. Photovoltaic transmittance (TPV) values of 96.86-97.34% were obtained over a broad range of wavelengths, from 300 to 1200 nm; these values were close to the theoretical limit for a lossy single-layered AR coating (97.72%). The nanocomposite coatings displayed a stable TPV, with degradation values of less than 4% and 0.1% after highly accelerated temperature and humidity stress tests, and abrasion tests, respectively. In addition, the nanocomposite coatings had a hardness of approximately 1.6 GPa, while the porous silica coatings with an open-pore structure showed more severe degradation and had a lower hardness. The void fraction and surface roughness of the nanocomposite coatings could be controlled, which gave rise to near-superhydrophilic and antifogging characteristics. The promising results obtained in this study suggest that the nanocomposite coatings have the potential to be of benefit for the design, fabrication, and development of multifunctional AR coatings with both omnidirectional broadband transmission and long-term durability that are required for demanding outdoor applications in energy harvesting and optical instrumentation in extreme climates or humid conditions.
Cryoprotectant-free vitrification of fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermatozoa: first report (2011)

The aims of this investigation were to test a novel technology comprising cryoprotectant-free vitrification of the spermatozoa of rainbow trout and to study the ability of sucrose and components of seminal plasma to protect these cells from cryo-injuries. Spermatozoa were isolated and vitrified using three different media: Group 1: standard buffer for fish spermatozoa, Cortland(®) medium (CM, control); Group 2: CM + 1% BSA + 40% seminal plasma; and Group 3: CM + 1% BSA + 40% seminal plasma + 0.125 m sucrose. For cooling, 20-μl suspensions of cells from each group were dropped directly into liquid nitrogen. For warming, the spheres containing the cells were quickly submerged in CM + 1% BSA at 37 °C with gentle agitation. The quality of spermatozoa before and after vitrification was analysed by the evaluation of motility and cytoplasmic membrane integrity with SYBR-14/propidium iodide staining technique. Motility (86%, 81% and 82% for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively) (P > 0.1) was not decreased significantly. At the same time, cytoplasmic membrane integrity of spermatozoa of Groups 1, 2 and 3 was changed significantly (30%, 87% and 76% respectively) (P < 0.05). All tested solutions can be used for vitrification of fish spermatozoa with good post-warming motility. However, cytoplasmic membrane integrity was maximal in Group 2 (CM + 1% BSA + 40% seminal plasma). In conclusion, this is the first report about successful cryoprotectant-free cryopreservation of fish spermatozoa by direct plunging into liquid nitrogen (vitrification). Vitrification of fish spermatozoa without permeable cryoprotectants is a prospective direction for investigations: these cells can be successfully vitrified with 1% BSA + 40% seminal plasma.
On the prospects of bubble cavitation-induced fusion (2013)

Experimental and theoretical work on cavitation-induced fusion reactions in bubbles is critically analyzed. It is shown that the existing data are internally inconsistent. The yield of hypothetical thermonuclear neutrons is found to be at least three orders of magnitude overestimated and therefore inconsistent with the tritium yield observed. A simple estimate shows that any power system using the principle discussed is unfeasible.
Chemical and physical stability of refractories for use in coal gasification. Second annual progress report, May 1, 1977--April 30, 1978 (1978)

With the exception of the weight and porosity changes for the cement bonded castables immersed in water during exposure, the properties of the various refractories after long-term (60-days) exposure in the unsaturated and saturated DOE atmospheres were similar to those observed in 10 to 30 days DOE or CO-Steam atmospheres. The major changes in properties occur within relatively short times, a few days, and depend more upon the degree of saturation of the atmosphere than upon exposure time. Except for the CO/H/sub 2/O = 3.0 atmosphere, all the cement-bonded castables showed higher strengths in saturated than in non-saturated atmospheres. Depending upon the CO/H/sub 2/O ratio, the liquid conditions were generally more reactive then the vapor. With increasing CO content of the atmosphere, the rate of dissolution of CaO increases, particularly for samples immersed in water. In the high alumina castables containing pure calcium aluminate cement, UMR-1 and 2, the strength tends to decrease with increasing CO/H/sub 2/O ratio. Other castables containing silica tend not to show as large a dependence of strength upon CO/H/sub 2/O ratio. No reaction has been observed between the various refractory aggregates and the gases in the DOE atmosphere (including steam), either saturated or non-saturated. In unsaturated atmospheres only calcite is formed. Both calcite and boehmite form in all of the cement-bonded high and intermediate alumina and insulating castables exposed to saturated atmospheres. In saturated atmospheres CaO is leached from the refractories, particularly those in contact with liquid, by a process highly dependent upon the CO/H/sub 2/O ratio.
The Development and Field Introduction of a Subsea Wellhead Connector for Intervention Operations (2016)

Abstract Subsea operations in general, attract significant expense; from the requirement of a multi-disciplinary team, through to the logistics of equipment and service conveyance in a harsh offshore enviroment. Costs are typically recovered through the reservoir production potential value over a number of years – this is not the case in abandonment operations. Upon cessation of production, the cost of abandonment is absorbed as a liability; as such the focus on cost efficiency is stringent and acute. It is however an area where the adoption of new and novel technology, allied to an alternative approach to service vessel selected and campaign structure, can achieve significant cost savings. This paper describes the development of a subsea wellhead connector intended for use in well abandonment operations, in rigless decommissioning projects conducted in the UK Continental Shelf. It presents one of alternative rigless approaches to field decommissioning, and through collaboration with operators, cost effective equipment is developed reactively to meet their operational requirements. Deviating from a Jack up/MODU based rig campaign to a Monohull based campaign has shown savings can be achieved through a significant reduction in vessel day rates and personnel costs. The requirement of rigless abandonment technologies and equipment is growing as the market adopts rigless abandonment; as such, collaboration is required to align equipment with operators requirements. The development of the Subsea Wellhead Connector (SWC) was undertaken and delivered in 29 days, with design, application, fabrication, and commissioning expedited to meet an aggressive operations schedule. A dedicated project team allied to robust internal engineering and testing programs, facilitated the delivery and leveraged over twenty years of lessons learned in subsea operations. The SWC is intended for Intervention and well abandonment operations, including: conveyance for mechanical and abrasive cutting, wellbore communication and testing, subsea tree (XT) installation, and well barrier verification, and wellhead retrieval. The SWC has now undertaken five campaigns in the first six months since its market entry, and displayed that collaboration and the pooling of creative talent, can provide tangible and discernible benefits to the stakeholders involved.
Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the leaves of Momordica charantia (2014)

Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract from the leaves of Momordica charantia L. led to the isolation of two new (1, 2) and four known (3-6) cucurbitane-type triterpenoids. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive analyses of spectroscopic data including IR, UV, MS, 1D, and 2D NMR. Also the absolute configurations of momordicines I (3) and II (4) were determined for the first time by application of the modified Mosher's method, acid hydrolysis, and GC analysis.
Microcomputres and Exceptional Children: (1984)

No abstract available for this article.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Organic Chemistry. Part 2. Cross‐Linked Cyclohexyl Phenyl Compounds. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modeling the throughput of 1-persistent CSMA in underwater networks (2015)

The aim of this paper is to present a model for the throughput of the 1-persistent CSMA protocol in underwater networks, where the typically large propagation delay with respect to the packet transmission time requires to take into account the spatial distribution of the nodes. Our model is developed based on the analysis carried out in [1] for the non-persistent CSMA protocol. Our results show that the 1-persistent CSMA model developed by Tobagi and Kleinrock is still valid as an approximation, with a few small adjustments, even though it considers an equal propagation delay for all pairs of nodes in the network. The proposed model is validated against simulation results based on the network simulator OMNeT++.
Identification and Characterization of Brown Rot on Import Carambola Caused by Fusarium proliferatum in Shanghai (2012)

Imported carambolas in Shanghai market frequently suffer from brown rot disease, causing severe loss of commercial values. To clarify the causal pathogens, market disease surveys were conducted and the possible fungal pathogens were isolated from infected carambolas imported from Taiwan district, USA and Thailand. A new disease symptom has been found on USA carambolas, that is dark brown decay spot between peduncle and pedicel, with white molds attached and brown areas formed on the edge of the fruits. The isolated pathogen was named EXYL-1 and further identified via morphological and molecular characteristics. The aerial mycelium of EXYL-1 appeared white, produced some reddish to purple pigment and adhered to microconidium. Optimal temperature for the hyphal growth was 20-25°C. Together with the nucleotide sequences of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions and specific gene sequences, this pathogen EXYL-1 has been identified as Fusarium proliferatum.
The Two‐Step Self‐Assembly of [4]‐ and [5]Catenanes (1994)

Advances through very specific techniques for template-directed synthesis and analysis is the name of the game for oligo- and polycatenanes. Under high pressure and with the support of donor–acceptor association phenomena, it was possible to synthesize a [4]-(schematic view shown here) and a [5]catenane. These chains—in the true sense!—are interesting starting units for a series of new polymers. Modern mass spectrometric techniques were essential for their characterization.
A sensitive micrometer for measuring small displacements (1958)

A variable parallel plate capacitor associated with an oscillating circuit forms the basis of an apparatus which can measure small displacements of the order of 200 Å. The apparatus is so designed as to combine robustness with sensitivity, ease of calibration and reproducibility. The use of a diode pump integrator circuit makes the sensitivity independent of the gain of the a.c. amplifier. The capacitor is of simple construction and standard electronic components are used throughout.
Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms relevant to inflammatory bowel disease in commonly used gastrointestinal cell lines (2009)

We have identified genotype variants in all analyzed cell lines. Some of them are functional and alter the response to drugs (MDR1) or affect bacterial recognition (TLR4, NOD2). Our results highlight that the genotype should not be neglected in experimental design when using model cell lines.
Development of an etch-definable lift-off process for use with step and flash imprint lithography (2005)

Along with other Next Generation Lithography (NGL) methods, imprint lithography has been included on the International Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) for the 32 nm node, predicted to be production-ready by 20131. Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (S-FIL) is one of the imprinting technologies being pursued due to its impressive imprinting capabilities, where imprinted features of less than 30 nm have been demonstrated. Unlike optical-based lithography, S-FIL uses techniques similar to that of contact printing, and thereby does not require complex and expensive optics and light sources to create images. Couple this with a reliable pattern transfer, and S-FIL could become a contender as a viable NGL technology. Similar to other imprint lithography systems, S-FIL printed features possess a residual layer several hundred angstroms thick, which requires a breakthrough etch prior to etching a subsequent layer. Of a greater concern, however, is the etch barrier used as the imaging layer for S-FIL. The present silicon content is limited to approximately nine percent, and the formulation is optimized for dispensing and achieving mechanical properties for the imprinting process. As a result, oxygen-based plasmas typically used for pattern transferring more conventional bi-layer structures are not compatible with the current S-FIL resist stack, and therefore pose a challenge from an etch perspective. The development of a recent etch process incorporating an ammonia-based plasma was a key enabler for pattern transfer, and ongoing development is being done to improve critical dimensions (CD). In this study, we examined a lift-off process using S-FIL. The material stacks with and without a "glue" layer will be discussed, and the challenges from imprinting to etch will be shared. Finally, the lift-off process will be used to demonstrate fabrication of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device in addition to demonstrating patterning of a non-reactive metallization scheme such as Ti/Au.
Hear Me out: Fusional Approaches for Audio Augmented Temporal Action Localization (2022)

State of the art architectures for untrimmed video Temporal Action Localization (TAL) have only considered RGB and Flow modalities, leaving the information-rich audio modality totally unexploited. Audio fusion has been explored for the related but arguably easier problem of trimmed (clip-level) action recognition. However, TAL poses a unique set of challenges. In this paper, we propose simple but effective fusion-based approaches for TAL. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to jointly consider audio and video modalities for supervised TAL. We experimentally show that our schemes consistently improve performance for state of the art video-only TAL approaches. Specifically, they help achieve new state of the art performance on large-scale benchmark datasets - ActivityNet-1.3 (54.34 mAP@0.5) and THUMOS14 (57.18 mAP@0.5). Our experiments include ablations involving multiple fusion schemes, modality combinations and TAL architectures. Our code, models and associated data will be made available.
High‐throughput two‐dimensional root system phenotyping platform facilitates genetic analysis of root growth and development (2012)

High-throughput phenotyping of root systems requires a combination of specialized techniques and adaptable plant growth, root imaging and software tools. A custom phenotyping platform was designed to capture images of whole root systems, and novel software tools were developed to process and analyse these images. The platform and its components are adaptable to a wide range root phenotyping studies using diverse growth systems (hydroponics, paper pouches, gel and soil) involving several plant species, including, but not limited to, rice, maize, sorghum, tomato and Arabidopsis. The RootReader2D software tool is free and publicly available and was designed with both user-guided and automated features that increase flexibility and enhance efficiency when measuring root growth traits from specific roots or entire root systems during large-scale phenotyping studies. To demonstrate the unique capabilities and high-throughput capacity of this phenotyping platform for studying root systems, genome-wide association studies on rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays) root growth were performed and root traits related to aluminium (Al) tolerance were analysed on the parents of the maize nested association mapping (NAM) population.
Somatotype Classification for Children's Clothing Bodice Pattern (2004)

The anthropometric measurement and the photometric measurement for have been conducted 358 children from 4 years old to 6 years old to design children's clothing. The characteristics of body type were grasped among total 44 measurement items according to the aging, being extracted seven factors from factor analysis. From cluster analysis among the seven factors the three body types were classified. Type 1 shows low fat body with a small figure and short upper body. The body has a round belly and waist. Type 2 shows the fattest body with an average height. The body has been backed with lower shoulders. Type 3 shows common fat body with a high height and a big figure. The body shows crooked round back with a big upper body and rising shoulders.
The AICTE Review: an Opportunity for Engineering Education Reform (2016)

This article outlines the issues faced by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), the statutory body which governs technical education in India. It points out various lacunae in many areas of technical education such as placements, the use of GATE and JEE scores for selection, accreditation, TEQIP and research in engineering, and the role of the centrally funded institutions. The article also recommends expanding AICTE into a think-tank which may design policy for such an important area.
Drawing of Poly(vinylidene fluoride): Effects of Initial Morphology and Technique on the Structure and Properties of Drawn Products. (1996)

本研究では, α型結晶 (主鎖は螺旋構造) からなり初期形態の異なるポリフッ化ビニリデン (PVDF) 試料 (reactor powder, 溶融結晶化物, 単結晶マット, ゲル) を, 主として固相共押出法および二段延伸法 (固相共押出+引張延伸) で延伸し, 延伸挙動および得られた延伸物の構造と物性を検討した. その結果, 初期形態および延伸法は, 延性および延伸物の結晶構造と力学物性に顕著な影響を与え, 以下に述べるように二つの興味ある結果が得られた. まず, GEL (10wt%), フィルムを固相共押出法により融点付近で延伸すると, ほぼ完全にβ型結晶 (主鎖は平面ジグザグ構造で圧電性を示す) からなり, 常法 (急冷試料の冷延伸, あるいはその熱処理) によりられたβ型試料に比べて, かなり高い分子配向性 (fc=0.993) と結晶化度 (55%) を有する延伸フィルムが得られた. 次に, 最も優れた力学物性はGELフィルムを二段延伸法で延伸した場合に得られ, 室温での最大引張弾性率は9.0 GPa, (周波数35Hzでの動的ヤング率は10GPa) 破断強度は0.90GPaに達した. この引張弾性率は, これまでに報告されたPVDF延伸物の弾性率の最高値 (6.5GPa) [B.Khomami and A.J. McHugh, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 36, 877 (1988)] の約1.4倍に相当する. PVDFの低延性は, α型は結晶分散温度以上で変形しやすいが, 延伸過程で結晶分散を示さず変形しにくいβ型に転移するためと考えられる.
Human Cardiac Function Simulator for the Optimal Design of a Novel Annuloplasty Ring with a Sub-valvular Element for Correction of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation (2015)

Ischemic mitral regurgitation is associated with substantial risk of death. We sought to: (1) detail significant recent improvements to the Dassault Systèmes human cardiac function simulator (HCFS); (2) use the HCFS to simulate normal cardiac function as well as pathologic function in the setting of posterior left ventricular (LV) papillary muscle infarction; and (3) debut our novel device for correction of ischemic mitral regurgitation. We synthesized two recent studies of human myocardial mechanics. The first study presented the robust and integrative finite element HCFS. Its primary limitation was its poor diastolic performance with an LV ejection fraction below 20% caused by overly stiff ex vivo porcine tissue parameters. The second study derived improved diastolic myocardial material parameters using in vivo MRI data from five normal human subjects. We combined these models to simulate ischemic mitral regurgitation by computationally infarcting an LV region including the posterior papillary muscle. Contact between our novel device and the mitral valve apparatus was simulated using Dassault Systèmes SIMULIA software. Incorporating improved cardiac geometry and diastolic myocardial material properties in the HCFS resulted in a realistic LV ejection fraction of 55%. Simulating infarction of posterior papillary muscle caused regurgitant mitral valve mechanics. Implementation of our novel device corrected valve dysfunction. Improvements in the current study to the HCFS permit increasingly accurate study of myocardial mechanics. The first application of this simulator to abnormal human cardiac function suggests that our novel annuloplasty ring with a sub-valvular element will correct ischemic mitral regurgitation.
Real-Time Rendering, Third Edition (2008)

Thoroughly revised, this third edition focuses on modern techniques used to generate synthetic three-dimensional images in a fraction of a second. With the advent of programmable shaders, a wide variety of new algorithms have arisen and evolved over the past few years. This edition discusses current, practical rendering methods used in games and other applications. It also presents a solid theoretical framework and relevant mathematics for the field of interactive computer graphics, all in an approachable style. The authors have made the figures used in the book available for download for fair use.:Download Figures. &nbsp; Reviews Rendering has been a required reference for professional graphics practitioners for nearly a decade. This latest edition is as relevant as ever, covering topics from essential mathematical foundations to advanced techniques used by today’s cutting edge games.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -- Gabe Newell, President, Valve, May 2008 Rendering ... has been completely revised and revamped for its updated third edition, which focuses on modern techniques used to generate three-dimensional images in a fraction of the time old processes took. From practical rendering for games to math and details for better interactive applications, it's not to be missed.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -- The Bookwatch, November 2008 You'll get brilliantly lucid explanations of concepts like vertex morphing and variance shadow mapping—as well as a new respect for the incredible craftsmanship that goes into today's PC games.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -- Logan Decker, PC Gamer Magazine , February 2009