gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of an Epoxymethano Stable Analogue of Prostaglandin Endoperoxides (U-46619) on Human Platelets (1981)

Summary U-46619 is a stable epoxymethano analogue of cyclic endoperoxide PGH2. We studied platelet aggregation, 14C-5HT release, LDH extrusion and prostaglandin and thromboxane production induced by this compound in platelet-rich plasma samples from 15 healthy volunteers. Each subject was tested both before and 90 min after aspirin (500 mg) ingestion. The threshold aggregating concentration (TAC) of U-46619 ranged between 0.18 and 0.90 µM. Aggregation was maximal between 40 and 60 min after venipuncture and was concentration-dependent. At concentrations below the TAC, U-46619 induced primary reversible aggregation with minimal 14C-5HT release. At TAC or higher concentrations aggregation and release proceded as parallel events. Neither prostaglandin or thromboxane production nor LDH loss could be detected in any of the situations tested. Aspirin ingestion did not modify the pattern of platelet responses. In unstirred, not aggregated platelet samples 14C-5HT release by U-46619 occurred to a similar extent as in stirred, aggregated platelet samples. Addition to citrated PRP of 0.3 mM Na2 EDTA blocked both aggregation and release induced by U-46619. This compound, however, aggregated washed platelets resuspended in Ca++-free-tyrode-albumin containing fibrinogen. The mechanism by which U-46619 activates platelets differs from that of all other common aggregating agents.
Weighted SGD for ℓ p Regression with Randomized Preconditioning. (2016)

In recent years, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) methods and randomized linear algebra (RLA) algorithms have been applied to many large-scale problems in machine learning and data analysis. SGD methods are easy to implement and applicable to a wide range of convex optimization problems. In contrast, RLA algorithms provide much stronger performance guarantees but are applicable to a narrower class of problems. We aim to bridge the gap between these two methods in solving <i>constrained</i> overdetermined linear regression problems-e.g., ℓ<sub>2</sub> and ℓ<sub>1</sub> regression problems. We propose a hybrid algorithm named pwSGD that uses RLA techniques for preconditioning and constructing an importance sampling distribution, and then performs an SGD-like iterative process with weighted sampling on the preconditioned system.By rewriting a deterministic ℓ <i><sub>p</sub></i> regression problem as a stochastic optimization problem, we connect pwSGD to several existing ℓ <i><sub>p</sub></i> solvers including RLA methods with algorithmic leveraging (RLA for short).We prove that pwSGD inherits faster convergence rates that only depend on the lower dimension of the linear system, while maintaining low computation complexity. Such SGD convergence rates are superior to other related SGD algorithm such as the weighted randomized Kaczmarz algorithm.Particularly, when solving ℓ<sub>1</sub> regression with size <i>n</i> by <i>d</i>, pwSGD returns an approximate solution with <i>ε</i> relative error in the objective value in 𝒪(log <i>n</i>·nnz(<i>A</i>)+poly(<i>d</i>)/<i>ε</i><sup>2</sup>) time. This complexity is <i>uniformly</i> better than that of RLA methods in terms of both <i>ε</i> and <i>d</i> when the problem is unconstrained. In the presence of constraints, pwSGD only has to solve a sequence of much simpler and smaller optimization problem over the same constraints. In general this is more efficient than solving the constrained subproblem required in RLA.For ℓ<sub>2</sub> regression, pwSGD returns an approximate solution with <i>ε</i> relative error in the objective value and the solution vector measured in prediction norm in 𝒪(log <i>n</i>·nnz(<i>A</i>)+poly(<i>d</i>) log(1/<i>ε</i>)/<i>ε</i>) time. We show that for unconstrained ℓ<sub>2</sub> regression, this complexity is comparable to that of RLA and is asymptotically better over several state-of-the-art solvers in the regime where the desired accuracy <i>ε</i>, high dimension <i>n</i> and low dimension <i>d</i> satisfy <i>d</i> ≥ 1/<i>ε</i> and <i>n</i> ≥ <i>d</i><sup>2</sup>/<i>ε</i>. We also provide lower bounds on the coreset complexity for more general regression problems, indicating that still new ideas will be needed to extend similar RLA preconditioning ideas to weighted SGD algorithms for more general regression problems. Finally, the effectiveness of such algorithms is illustrated numerically on both synthetic and real datasets, and the results are consistent with our theoretical findings and demonstrate that pwSGD converges to a medium-precision solution, e.g., <i>ε</i> = 10<sup>-3</sup>, more quickly.
The Human-Centric Metaverse: A Survey (2023)

In the era of the Web of Things, the Metaverse is expected to be the landing site for the next generation of the Internet, resulting in the increased popularity of related technologies and applications in recent years and gradually becoming the focus of Internet research. The Metaverse, as a link between the real and virtual worlds, can provide users with immersive experiences. As the concept of the Metaverse grows in popularity, many scholars and developers begin to focus on the Metaverse's ethics and core. This paper argues that the Metaverse should be centered on humans. That is, humans constitute the majority of the Metaverse. As a result, we begin this paper by introducing the Metaverse's origins, characteristics, related technologies, and the concept of the human-centric Metaverse (HCM). Second, we discuss the manifestation of human-centric in the Metaverse. Finally, we discuss some current issues in the construction of HCM. In this paper, we provide a detailed review of the applications of human-centric technologies in the Metaverse, as well as the relevant HCM application scenarios. We hope that this paper can provide researchers and developers with some directions and ideas for human-centric Metaverse construction.
Regulation of DNA methylation by Dnmt 3 L (2005)

Abstract Imprinted genes and transposable elements simultaneously undergo de novo methylation during mammalian gametogenesis. Dnmt3L, a catalytically inactive DNA‐methyltransferase homolog, regulates this process by directing the methylation machinery to target maternally imprinted genes in growing oocytes, and transposable elements and to a lower extent paternally imprinted genes in perinatal prospermatogonia. Engineered mutations in the Dnmt3L gene highlighted the importance of germ line methylation in reproduction and development. Failure to methylate maternally imprinted genes in Dnmt3L ‐mutant female germ cells resulted in a loss of allele‐specific expression of these genes in the heterozygous progeny and caused maternal‐effect lethality. Dnmt3L‐deficient male germ cells showed demethylation and mass reactivation of retroposons associated with an interruption of spermatogenesis at the pachytene stage due to anomalies in homologous chromosome pairing. Further studies of the methylation regulator Dnmt3L should provide important clues about the mechanisms that establish methylation patterns in the mammalian genome.
Simplified 6.3 Mbit/s Codec for Video Conferencing (1981)

A color TV codec with a 6.3 Mbit/s transmission bit-rate has been simplified by a newly developed coding method. This method is the combination of a 4-to-1 dot interlace system and 4 bit/pel DPCM. A digital filtering technique for reducing coding distortion is also employed. In comparison with an interframe codec having the same transmission bit-rate, the amount of codec circuitry is halved. Subjective tests were performed to investigate the coded picture quality. It was found that this codec can present acceptable pictures for video conferencing, and that the picture quality for rapidly moving subjects is the same as that of the interframe codec operating at the same bit-rate. A video conferencing system via a digital satellite link has been constructed for experiments by employing this codec. The experiments showed that the satellite link has a sufficiently low transmission error rate for the coded pieture transmission. Moreover, it has been proved that transmission delay does not pose any problems for normal conferences.
Chemical Speciation of Iron in Seawater by Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry with Dihydroxynaphthalene (2005)

The chemical speciation of iron in seawater is determined by cathodic stripping voltammetry using 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) as adsorptive and competing ligand. The optimized conditions include a DHN concentration of 0.5-1 microM, seawater at its original pH of 8, and equilibration overnight. The alpha-coefficient for DHN (=[FeDHN]/[Fe']) was calibrated against EDTA giving values of 166 for 0.5 microM DHN and 366 at 1 microM DHN and a value of 8.51 +/- 0.07 for log K'(Fe'DHN). The dissociation of the natural iron species FeL was found to have a characteristic reaction time of 50 min, indicating that titrations should be equilibrated overnight rather than the shorter periods sometimes used onboard ship. The method was applied to samples from the Pacific giving ligand concentrations of 1.1 and 1.6 nM for deep and surface waters, respectively, with an average value for log K'(FeL) of 11.9 +/- 0.3 compared to a value of 11.5 for the siderophore deferoxamine. The results are similar to those obtained previously for similar samples, but the new method has much greater sensitivity for iron than previous methods, leading to lower limits of detection and shorter analysis time.
OsAUX1 controls lateral root initiation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (2014)

Abstract Polar auxin transport, mediated by influx and efflux transporters, controls many aspects of plant growth and development. The auxin influx carriers in A rabidopsis have been shown to control lateral root development and gravitropism, but little is known about these proteins in rice. This paper reports on the functional characterization of OsAUX 1 . Three OsAUX 1 T ‐ DNA insertion mutants and RNAi knockdown transgenic plants reduced lateral root initiation compared with wild‐type ( WT ) plants. OsAUX 1 overexpression plants exhibited increased lateral root initiation and OsAUX 1 was highly expressed in lateral roots and lateral root primordia. Similarly, the auxin reporter, DR 5‐ GUS , was expressed at lower levels in osaux 1 than in the WT plants, which indicated that the auxin levels in the mutant roots had decreased. Exogenous 1‐naphthylacetic acid ( NAA ) treatment rescued the defective phenotype in osaux 1‐1 plants, whereas indole‐3‐acetic acid ( IAA ) and 2,4‐ D could not, which suggested that OsAUX 1 was a putative auxin influx carrier. The transcript levels of several auxin signalling genes and cell cycle genes significantly declined in osaux 1 , hinting that the regulatory role of OsAUX 1 may be mediated by auxin signalling and cell cycle genes. Overall, our results indicated that OsAUX 1 was involved in polar auxin transport and functioned to control auxin‐mediated lateral root initiation in rice.
Preliminary results from standing ballistocardiography measurements in microgravity (2013)

We report on the feasibility of standing ballistocardiogram (BCG) measurements recorded in a microgravity environment. A clinically-tested BCG monitoring scale was adapted for parabolic flight for the microgravity measurements. Upon completion of this flight campaign, the BCG scale was shown to make measurements in micro-g and one-g environments--which is a first demonstration for a standing BCG system. This screening experiment demonstrated proof-of-concept attributes of the hardware design necessary for future characterization studies with multiple subjects. This scale-based BCG system is proposed as a practical device for hemodynamic monitoring for astronauts in Earth, Lunar, Martian, orbital, and interplanetary environments.
Development, differentiation, and phenotypic heterogeneity of murine tissue macrophages (1996)

In murine ontogeny, macrophage precursor cells develop in the yolk sac and fetal liver. Primitive macrophages also appear in the yolk sac, migrate to various tissues, and differentiate into several fetal macrophage populations. Because the development of the monocytic cell lineage is incomplete in the early stage of fetal hematopoiesis, primitive/fetal macrophages are considered to originate from granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells or earlier macrophage precursors, bypassing the early monocytic cell series. In adult mice rendered severely monocytopenic by administration of strontium-89, resident macrophages are maintained by self-renewal. In contrast, administration of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate (clodronate) results in the elimination of various tissue macrophage populations. The repopulation of affected macrophages is dependent on the increase of precursors in the liver and spleen during the period of macrophage depletion. Such precursors reconstitute heterogeneous macrophage subpopulations. In mice homozygous for the osteopetrosis (op) mutation, the absence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) activity results in a deficiency of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. However, immature macrophages are present in various tissues. Administration of M-CSF to op/op mice induces the increased proliferative capacity and the morphological maturation of macrophages. However, the responses of individual tissue macrophage subpopulations to M-CSF are different. These results indicate that macrophage development, differentiation, and proliferation are regulated by the tissue microenvironment including the in situ production of macrophage growth factors in both fetal and adult life.
Electrochemical Scanning Probe Microscopy Based Diagnostics for In situ Monitoring of Charge Storage Processes in Oxide Nanoparticles (2011)

Abstract not Available.
A fully automated deep learning pipeline for micro-CT-imaging-based densitometry of lung fibrosis murine models (2022)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the archetype of pulmonary fibrosis (PF), is a chronic lung disease of a poor prognosis, characterized by progressively worsening of lung function. Although histology is still the gold standard for PF assessment in preclinical practice, histological data typically involve less than 1% of total lung volume and are not amenable to longitudinal studies. A miniaturized version of computed tomography (µCT) has been introduced to radiologically examine lung in preclinical murine models of PF. The linear relationship between X-ray attenuation and tissue density allows lung densitometry on total lung volume. However, the huge density changes caused by PF usually require manual segmentation by trained operators, limiting µCT deployment in preclinical routine. Deep learning approaches have achieved state-of-the-art performance in medical image segmentation. In this work, we propose a fully automated deep learning approach to segment right and left lung on µCT imaging and subsequently derive lung densitometry. Our pipeline first employs a convolutional network (CNN) for pre-processing at low-resolution and then a 2.5D CNN for higher-resolution segmentation, combining computational advantage of 2D and ability to address 3D spatial coherence without compromising accuracy. Finally, lungs are divided into compartments based on air content assessed by density. We validated this pipeline on 72 mice with different grades of PF, achieving a Dice score of 0.967 on test set. Our tests demonstrate that this automated tool allows for rapid and comprehensive analysis of µCT scans of PF murine models, thus laying the ground for its wider exploitation in preclinical settings.
Alpha-fetoprotein stimulated the expression of some oncogenes in human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel 7402 cells (2004)

The data indicate that AFP can stimulate the expression of some oncogenes to enhance the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel 7402 cells.
Use of MODIS satellite images to investigate the chlorophyll-a concentrations in Lake Okeechobee, Florida (2008)

Lake Okeechobee, Florida is the largest freshwater lake in the southeastern U.S. It is a key component in the hydrologic system of south Florida providing water supply for agriculture, the environment, and urban areas Excessive phosphorus loads, from the Okeechobee watershed over the last few decades have led to increased eutrophication of this. Much of the excess phosphorus has been sequestered into the sediments. Sediment water interactions, including diffusive fluxes and sediment resuspension are a source of available phosphorus for phytoplankton. As a consequence, nutrient-enriched lake water have led to phytoplankton blooms. These blooms are quantified by measurement of chlorophyll-a concentrations. While the in-situ water quality monitoring is time-consuming and costly, multispectral remote sensing sensors onboard satellites can detect chlorophyll-a contained in most phytoplankton efficiently. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the use of MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance 8-Day images to estimate the chlorophyll-a concentrations in the Lake Okeechobee. Using the integrated genetic programming and multiple linear regression models helps the information retrieval for spatial mapping of chlorophyll-a concentrations.
Feasibility of the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) for cytotoxic drug sensitivity testing of tumor cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (1992)

The automated fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) was used for chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity testing of fresh and cryopreserved tumor cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at diagnosis and relapse. The technique success rate was 87% for fresh and 81% for cryopreserved samples. Up to 16 different cytotoxic drugs were routinely tested, but neither asparaginase nor methotrexate produced dose-response related cell kill. FMCA data showed good correlation to the well established Disc assay and the drug sensitivity reported by the FMCA was in good agreement with known clinical activity. Samples from children and initial ALL tended to be more drug sensitive than those from adults and ALL at relapse, respectively. For 36 samples clinical outcome was correlated to the quartile position in comparison to all other samples for the most in vitro active drug actually given to the patient. For patients with samples in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles, the probabilities of complete remission were 89, 57, 38, and 0%, respectively. Using the median value as cut-off line, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 87 and 62%, respectively. It is concluded that the FMCA with a minimum of effort and with high success rate report clinically relevant drug sensitivity profiles for ALL.
Early supraglottic cancer: how extensive must surgical resection be, if used alone? (2006)

Endoscopic resection of T1 and T2 supraglottic cancer without post-operative irradiation achieved good oncological results. No patients with lateralized primary cancers were found to have contralateral cancer on pathological evaluation from bilateral dissections.
The Google Similarity Distance (2004)

Words and phrases acquire meaning from the way they are used in society, from their relative semantics to other words and phrases. For computers the equivalent of `society' is `database,' and the equivalent of `use' is `way to search the database.' We present a new theory of similarity between words and phrases based on information distance and Kolmogorov complexity. To fix thoughts we use the world-wide-web as database, and Google as search engine. The method is also applicable to other search engines and databases. This theory is then applied to construct a method to automatically extract similarity, the Google similarity distance, of words and phrases from the world-wide-web using Google page counts. The world-wide-web is the largest database on earth, and the context information entered by millions of independent users averages out to provide automatic semantics of useful quality. We give applications in hierarchical clustering, classification, and language translation. We give examples to distinguish between colors and numbers, cluster names of paintings by 17th century Dutch masters and names of books by English novelists, the ability to understand emergencies, and primes, and we demonstrate the ability to do a simple automatic English-Spanish translation. Finally, we use the WordNet database as an objective baseline against which to judge the performance of our method. We conduct a massive randomized trial in binary classification using support vector machines to learn categories based on our Google distance, resulting in an a mean agreement of 87% with the expert crafted WordNet categories.
OpenCSG: a library for image-based CSG rendering (2005)

We present the design and implementation of a real-time 3D graphics library for image-based Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG). This major approach of 3D modeling has not been supported by real-time computer graphics until recently. We explain two essential image-based CSG rendering algorithms, and we introduce an API that provides a compact access to their complex functionality and implementation. As an important feature, the CSG library seam-lessly integrates application-defined 3D shapes as primitives of CSG operations to ensure high adaptability and openness. We also outline optimization techniques to improve the performance in the case of complex CSG models. A number of use cases demonstrate potential applications of the library. 1
Direct diffusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in intraperitoneal rat tumors after intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a comparison with systemic chemotherapy. (1989)

Chemotherapy i.p. is increasingly being tested as a treatment modality for cancer limited to the peritoneal cavity. We have developed a rat tumor model in which penetration and distribution of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) into intraperitoneal tumors have been studied. The platinum concentration in intraperitoneal tumor nodules, measured by two techniques, flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy and proton-induced X-ray emission, was always higher after i.p. treatment than i.v. Further, platinum concentrations were higher at the periphery of the tumor after i.p. administration than after i.v., while platinum concentrations in the center of the tumor nodules were identical. No difference was detected in platinum concentrations in s.c. tumors nor in the total area under the curve (plasma) after i.p. and i.v. administration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), suggesting that the higher drug concentration measured in peritoneal tumors after i.p. administration is due to direct diffusion of the drug from the peritoneal cavity.
Mechanical Property Characterization of LPCVD Silicon Nitride Thin Films at Cryogenic Temperatures (2004)

T-shape, LPCVD silicon nitride cantilevers are fabricated to determine Young's modulus and fracture strength of silicon nitride thin films at room and cryogenic temperatures. A helium-cooled measurement setup is developed and installed inside a focused-ion-beam (FIB) system. A lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) translator powered by a function generator and a dc voltage is utilized as an actuator, and a silicon diode is used as a temperature sensor in this setup. Resonant frequencies of identical cantilevers with different "milling masses" are measured to obtain thickness and Young's modulus of the silicon nitride thin films, while a bending test is performed to obtain fracture strength. From the experiment, the average Young's modulus of low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition (LPCVD) silicon nitride thin films varies from 260.5 GPa at room temperature (298 K) to 266.6 GPa at 30 K, and the average fracture strength ranges from 6.9 GPa at room temperature to 7.9 GPa at 30 K. The measurement setup and technique presented here can be used to characterize the mechanical properties of different MEMS materials at cryogenic temperatures.