gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-proliferative effect of eight ethanolic extracts from soft corals on human leukemia cell line HL-60. (2016)

In the present study, authors evaluate the anticancer effects of eight crude extracts from 70% ethanol extracts of soft corals collected around Jeju Island, South Korea. According to the cytotoxicity results, extracts are not cytotoxic to Vero cells at the highest tested concentration (100 μg/mL), which indicates that they are not cytotoxic to the normal cells. However, one of the tested extracts, Dendronephthya gigantea (DGI) extract, significantly reduced the viability of human leukemia cell line (HL-60) with IC50 value of 84.43 μg/mL. In addition, Hoechst 33342 cell permeable dye used to visualize the apoptotic nuclei in DGItreated HL-60 cells. These results suggest that DGI has the potential to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells without altering viability of normal Vero cells. In conclusion, DGI might have the great potential to be developed into an anticancer drug in the future.
Diffusion Tensor Tractography of Gliomatosis Cerebri (2005)

In previous reports, tracts obtained by diffusion tensor (DT) fiber tracking were terminated or deviated by the brain tumors or surrounding edema. There has been no report showing diffusion tensor tractography penetrating through the tumor. A case of glioma is reported, whose DT fiber tract passing through the tumor was observed by changing the threshold of fractional anisotropy.
RESEARCH ON AUTOMATIC NAVIGATION SYSTEM IN ROUGH SEA (1990)

The Automatic Rough Sea Avoidance System (ARSAS) is described. The first of the two subsystems that comprise it is named Judge System on Dangerous Degree and the second is named Operating System to Avoid Danger. Both utilize artificial intelligence. The former assesses the level of danger to a ship by integrating the results of many researches on seakeeping performance, and the latter relates the captain's knowledge regarding ship operating performance to a summarization of data on weather conditions. More exact information on environmental conditions becomes necessary if the accuracy of weather routing is to be improved, but the very significant cost attached to achieving this may be prohibitive. Through analytical methods and simulation, it is made clear how the accuracy of typhoon information affects the accuracy of estimating such factors as ship route, ship speed and fuel oil consumption.
DualVoice: A Speech Interaction Method Using Whisper-Voice as Commands (2022)

Applications based on speech recognition have become widely used, and speech input is increasingly being utilized to create documents. However, it is still difficult to correct misrecognition by speech, which makes it necessary to re-edit documents by other means such as manual input. It is also difficult to input symbols and commands because these may be misrecognized as text letters. To deal with these problems, we propose a speech interaction method called DualVoice in which commands are input in a whispered voice and letters in a normal voice. The proposed method does not require any special hardware other than a regular microphone, thus enabling a complete hands-free interaction, and it can be used in a wide range of situations where speech recognition is already available. We designed two neural networks, one for discriminating normal speech from whispered speech, and the second for recognizing whisper speech.
New Spectroscopic Evidence that H2 Molecules Present in the Gaseous Atmospheres of OB Stars Displaying the 2175A “Bump” Are Coherently Photoexcited (2010)

Archived VUV spectra of OB stars with the 2175A “bump” contain several “extra” narrow absorption bands that result from H2 laser-induced-absorption (LIA) processes, providing new evidence for the H2 nonlinear optics model we recently proposed.
An International Comparison of the Usability of Driver-Information-Systems: Tools, Results and Implications (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The interaction between drivers and driver information systems has to be as uncomplicated and fast as possible since the main task for the driver is to drive. It is therefore necessary to design human-machine interfaces that make easy and safe interactions possible. Additionally, the increasing globalization of product markets demands to take into account cultural differences when developing a human-machine interface. For this reason, cultural peculiarities and intercultural differences have to be identified, investigated and considered in the design process. In the present study we examined the existence of cultural differences between Japan, USA and Germany with regard to the evaluation of navigation-systems. The results show that American, Japanese and German citizens evaluate navigation-systems differently and that intercultural differences may heavily influence the success of information-systems.&lt;/div&gt;
Imaging of angiogenesis using Cadence™ contrast pulse sequencing and targeted contrast agents (2008)

Low-power multipulse imaging in combination with targeted echistatin-bearing microbubbles facilitated a noninvasive, quantitative evaluation of early angiogenesis during real-time imaging. The addition of high-intensity destructive pulses facilitated estimation of the spatial extent of angiogenesis.
Tethered Lipid Bilayers on Electrolessly Deposited Gold for Bioelectronic Applications (2006)

This paper presents the formation of a novel biomimetic interface consisting of an electrolessly deposited gold film overlaid with a tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM). Self-assembly of colloidal gold particles was used to create an electrolessly deposited gold film on a glass slide. The properties of the film were characterized using field-effect scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Bilayer lipid membranes were then tethered to the gold film by first depositing an inner molecular leaflet using a mixture of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate], 1,2-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPGP), and cystamine in ethanol onto a freshly prepared electrolessly deposited gold surface. The outer leaflet was then formed by the fusion of liposomes made from DPGP or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine on the inner leaflet. To provide functionality, two membrane biomolecules were also incorporated into the tBLMs: the ionophore valinomycin and a segment of neuropathy target esterase containing the esterase domain. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, UV/visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence recovery after pattern photobleaching were used to characterize the resulting biomimetic interfaces and confirm the biomolecule activity of the membrane. Microcontact printing was used to form arrays of electrolessly deposited gold patterns on glass slides. Subsequent deposition of lipids yielded arrays of tBLMs. This approach can be extended to form functional biomimetic interfaces on a wide range of inexpensive materials, including plastics. Potential applications include high-throughput screening of drugs and chemicals that interact with cell membranes and for probing, and possibly controlling, interactions between living cells and synthetic membranes. In addition, the gold electrode provides the possibility of electrochemical applications, including biocatalysis, bio-fuel cells, and biosensors.
Enhanced Chromophore Polymeric NLO Materials (1993)

Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are an important component of many prospective Air Force applications including optical signal processing (switches, modulators, and guided-wave devices), and new laser sources (optical parametric oscillators and harmonic generators). Considerable progress has been made in the synthesis of frequency doubling (second harmonic generation - SHG) NLO chromophores and of polymeric materials containing such chromophores. A number of these SHG-NLO materials show noteworthy promise in small-scale characterizations. Commercialization of any of them requires that significant quantities of the materials, of demonstrable purity and stability, be readily available on a routine basis to these researchers who determine processing conditions as well as device manufactures.
Role of nonenzymatic glycosylation in atherogenesis (1986)

This review summarizes progress in nonenzymatic glycosylation research of potential relevance to atherosclerosis using a hypothetical model based on current concepts of atherogenesis. Recently, new information has been presented showing that the initial Amadori product undergoes a series of further reactions and rearrangements to form adducts, called advanced glycosylation end products (AGE). These products are irreversible and accumulate indefinitely on long-lived molecules. These AGE covalently trap soluble plasma proteins, act as signals for macrophage recognition and uptake, and induce mutations in double-stranded plasmid DNA. Covalent trapping of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by AGE on collagen or elastin could promote lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, whereas AGE trapping of von Willebrand factor would increase platelet adhesion and aggregation leading to intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation. Recognition and uptake of AGE-proteins by scavenging macrophages could further contribute to the process of atherogenesis by stimulating release of macrophage secretory products such as macrophage-derived growth factor. Accumulation of AGE on smooth muscle cell DNA might also enhance arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation by increasing the rate of mutations affecting growth controls. This model should provide the basis for future experiments.
Augmentation of vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immunity by a physical radiofrequency adjuvant (2018)

Protein/subunit vaccines often require external adjuvants to induce protective immunity. Due to the safety concern of chemical adjuvants, physical adjuvants were recently explored to boost vaccination. Physical adjuvants use physical energies rather than chemicals to stimulate tissue stress and endogenous danger signal release to boost vaccination. Here we present the safety and potency of non-invasive radiofrequency treatment to boost intradermal vaccination in murine models. We show non-invasive radiofrequency can increase protein antigen-induced humoral and cellular immune responses with adjuvant effects comparable to widely used chemical adjuvants. Radiofrequency adjuvant can also safely boost pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccination with adjuvant effects comparable to MF59-like AddaVax adjuvant. We find radiofrequency adjuvant induces heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) release and activates MyD88 to mediate the adjuvant effects. Physical radiofrequency can potentially be a safe and potent adjuvant to augment protein/subunit vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses.
Peripheral Blood Markers Correlate with the Progression of Active Tuberculosis Relative to Latent Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Macaques (2022)

Despite a century of research into tuberculosis (TB), there is a dearth of reproducible, easily quantifiable, biomarkers that can predict disease onset and differentiate between host disease states. Due to the challenges associated with human sampling, nonhuman primates (NHPs) are utilized for recapitulating the closest possible modelling of human TB. To establish a predictive peripheral biomarker profile based on a larger cohort of rhesus macaques (RM), we analyzed results pertaining to peripheral blood serum chemistry and cell counts from RMs that were experimentally exposed to <i>Mtb</i> in our prior studies and characterized as having either developed active TB (ATB) disease or latent TB infection (LTBI). We compared lung CFU burdens and quantitative pathologies with a number of measurables in the peripheral blood. Based on our results, the investigations were then extended to the study of specific molecules and cells in the lung compartments of a subset of these animals and their immune responses. In addition to the elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, frequently used to discern the level of <i>Mtb</i> infection in model systems, reduced serum albumin-to-globulin (A/G) ratios were also predictive of active TB disease. Furthermore, higher peripheral myeloid cell levels, particularly those of neutrophils, kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio, an indicator of induced expression of the immunosuppressive molecule indoleamine dioxygenase, and an influx of myeloid cell populations could also efficiently discriminate between ATB and LTBI in experimentally infected macaques. These quantifiable correlates of disease were then used in conjunction with a regression-based analysis to predict bacterial load. Our results suggest a potential biomarker profile of TB disease in rhesus macaques, that could inform future NHP-TB research. Our results thus suggest that specific biomarkers may be developed from the myeloid subset of peripheral blood or plasma with the ability to discriminate between active and latent <i>Mtb</i> infection.
AONT-NZZD: A Secure and Efficient Dispersal Scheme in Distributed Storage Systems (2019)

Distributed storage systems have been widely used in the field of Big Data, Cloud Computing, and Internet of Things. AONT-RS is a classical information dispersal scheme, which blends an ALL-Or-Noting Transform with Reed-Solomon coding to improve the data security of distributed storage systems. In this paper, we analyze the security vulnerabilities in AONT-RS and propose an optimized scheme called AONTNZZD to enhance data security and computational efficiency. Then, we assess the data security of AONT-NZZD from three aspects of reliability, confidentiality, and recoverability. We further implement the proposed scheme in a distributed object storage system. Finally, we conduct experiments to compare the performance of AONT-NZZD with other dispersal schemes based on AONT-RS. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that AONT-NZZD outperforms AONT-RS in both security and efficiency.
Increased Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Expression in Hypercholesterolemic Atherosclerosis in Rabbits (1998)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes vascular smooth muscle growth and may be involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. To examine whether Ang II receptor expression in vascular tissues is altered in atherosclerosis, male New Zealand White rabbits were fed a high-cholesterol diet (1% cholesterol + 4% coconut oil mixed with regular chow; hypercholesterolemic group, n=12) or regular chow (control group, n=8) for 10 weeks. At the end of this period, the serum cholesterol level in the rabbits fed the high-cholesterol diet was higher than that in the control group (3616 +/- 144 versus 30 +/- 1 mg/dL, P<0.001). There was no atherosclerosis in the aortas of the control group, whereas 51 +/- 6% of the aorta was covered with atherosclerosis in the hypercholesterolemic group. Total Ang II receptor expression in the atherosclerotic aortic tissues was increased 5-fold in the hypercholesterolemic rabbits (292 +/- 28 versus 51 +/- 32 fmol/mg tissue, mean +/- SE, P<0.001), and the increased Ang II receptor expression was entirely due to enhanced Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor expression (289 +/- 38 versus 38 +/- 18 fmol/mg, P<0.001), as Ang II type 2 receptor expression was unaltered (7 +/- 5 versus 3 +/- 2 fmol/mg, P=NS). AT1 receptors were localized primarily in the media and to some extent in the intima of the atherosclerotic aorta, as determined by immunohistochemistry with specific monoclonal and polyclonal AT1 receptor antibodies. Increased synthesis of AT1 receptor mRNA in atherosclerotic tissues was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. To evaluate the functional significance of increased AT1 receptor expression, the constrictor response of aortic rings to Ang II was examined and found to be markedly enhanced in atherosclerotic aortic rings (P<0.01 versus control aortic rings). The endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic rings from hypercholesterolemic rabbits was markedly attenuated (P<0.001). This study shows that hypercholesterolemia in rabbits results in atherosclerosis, loss of endothelium-dependent relaxation, and increased Ang II receptor (entirely AT1 receptor) expression in aortic tissues, which may result in altered vasoreactivity.
On the Mechanism of Hormone Recognition and Binding by the CCK‐B/Gastrin Receptor (1997)

Lipidation with long-chain di-fattyacyl-glycerol moieties was used to anchor gastrin and CCK peptides irreversibly to lipid bilayers. Intervesicular lipopeptide transfer to model phospholipid bilayers is fast and quantitative, leading to a different mode of insertion of lipo-gastrin and lipo-CCK in lipid bilayers. Lipo-gastrin remains exposed to the bulk solvent in a predominantly random coil structure as a consequence of electrostatic repulsion, whereas lipo-CCK exhibits a pronounced tendency to form peptide domains with insertion of its C-terminus into more hydrophobic compartments of the bilayer. Thereby Ca2+ at physiological concentrations favours this aggregational phenomenon. Since both lipo-peptides were found to retain almost full receptor affinity despite their irreversible anchorage to the bilayer, a membrane-bound pathway in the receptor recognition and binding process is indeed possible. According to the data collected in this study, CCK might possibly use this pathway, whereas accumulation of gastrin on the cell membrane with prefolding of the ligand at the water/lipid interface is hardly conceivable. Nevertheless the observed receptor interaction of the deliberately membrane-anchored gastrin offers interesting constraints for computational docking experiments on a modelled CCK-B/gastrin receptor by additionally taking into account information derived from mutagenesis studies. Despite the limitations of such modelling experiments, the resulting picture of the gastrin/receptor complex allowed the visualization and rationalization of the experimental results of the extensive structure–function studies performed previously on this family of gastrointestinal hormones. © 1997 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global consensus building and prioritisation of fundamental lupus challenges: the ALPHA project (2019)

ALPHA is a comprehensive initiative to identify and prioritise the continuum of challenges facing people with lupus by engaging a global audience of lupus experts. It also explored views on lupus as a spectrum of related diseases. Conclusions from this effort provide a framework to generate actionable approaches to the identified high-priority barriers.
Harnessing Stem Cells for Predictive Toxicology: Meeting the Challenges of Drug Discovery Today (2013)

The core techniques used in toxicology studies have remained largely unchanged for over 40 years. It is acknowledged in the pharmaceutical industry that more predictive, earlier tests need to be established in order to prevent unsafe drugs progressing into the clinic and to stop potentially effective therapeutics being excluded from development. This recognition is driving the development of more relevant, specific, and reliable toxicology models and tests to improve drug safety and reduce the cost of development. In particular, the use of stem-cell–derived models can provide an opportunity to develop a transformative, integrated drug toxicity surveillance system.
Understanding and addressing the impact of wiring congestion during technology mapping (2002)

Traditionally, interconnect effects are taken into account during logic synthesis via wireload models, but their ineffectiveness for DSM technologies has been demonstrated and various physical synthesis approaches have been spawned to address the problem. Of particular interest is that logic block size is no longer dictated exclusively by total cell area, yet synthesis optimization objectives are aimed specifically at minimizing the number and size of cells. Methodologies that incorporate congestion within the logic synthesis objective function have been proposed in [9][10][11] and [15]; however, as we will demonstrate, predicting the true congestion prior to layout is not possible, and the efficacy of any approach can only be evaluated after routing is completed within the fixed die size. In this paper we propose a practical, complete methodology which first performs congestion-aware technology mapping using a global weighting factor for the cost function [15], and then applies incremental localized unmapping and remapping on congested areas. This complete approach addresses the problem that one global factor is not ideally suited for all regions of the designs. Most importantly, through the application of this methodology to industrial examples we will show that any attempt at a purely top-down single-pass congestion-aware technology mapping is merely wishful thinking.
PHOTOREFRACTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR DIODE LASER BEAM COMBINATION (1992)

Techniques for high-power laser array beam combination processes involving photo-refractive materials are reviewed. Details of an all semiconductor laser scheme for the amplification and subsequent photorefractive beam clean-up of a diffraction limited single-mode laser output is presented. Powers in excess of 100 mW (&gt;220 mW accounting for Fresnel losses) are obtained in a diffraction limited signal beam, corresponding to an array to diffraction limited beam transfer efficiency of 33%. Details of a reflection geometry phase conjugate master oscillator-power amplifier scheme which offers the possibility of power scaling between a number of high-power semiconductor laser amplifiers are presented. Using this technique, a 13-dB amplification of a diffraction limited signal beam is obtained using a commercially available, 10-stripe gain-guided device with no special coatings.
Flow reactor studies and kinetic modeling of the H2/O2 reaction (1999)

Profile measurements of the H2/O2 reaction have been obtained using a variable pressure flow reactor over pressure and temperature ranges of 0.3–15.7 atm and 850–1040 K, respectively. These data span the explosion limit behavior of the system and place significant emphasis on HO2 and H2O2 kinetics. The explosion limits of dilute H2/O2/N2 mixtures extend to higher pressures and temperatures than those previously observed for undiluted H2/O2 mixtures. In addition, the explosion limit data exhibit a marked transition to an extended second limit which runs parallel to the second limit criteria calculated by assuming HO2 formation to be terminating. The experimental data and modeling results show that the extended second limit remains an important boundary in H2/O2 kinetics. Near this limit, small increases in pressure can result in more than a two order of magnitude reduction in reaction rate. At conditions above the extended second limit, the reaction is characterized by an overall activation energy much higher than in the chain explosive regime. The overall data set, consisting primarily of experimentally measured profiles of H2, O2, H2O, and temperature, further expand the data base used for comprehensive mechanism development for the H2/O2 and CO/H2O/O2 systems. Several rate constants recommended in an earlier reaction mechanism have been modified using recently published rate constant data for H + O2 (+ N2) = HO2 (+ N2), HO2 + OH = H2O + O2, and HO2 + HO2 = H2O2 + O2. When these new rate constants are incorporated into the reaction mechanism, model predictions are in very good agreement with the experimental data. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 31: 113–125, 1999