gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding the use of silicone gels for nonhermetic plastic packaging (1989)

The authors review some potential IC encapsulants, with special focus on the high-performance silicone gel, its chemistry, and its use as a VLSI device encapsulant for single and multichip applications. It is noted that high-performance silicone gel possesses excellent electrical and physical properties for IC protection. With their intrinsic low modulus and soft gel-like nature, silicone gels have become very effective encapsulants for larger, high I/O, wire-bonded VLSI chips. Recent studies indicate that adequate IC chip surface protection with high-performance silicone gels in plastic packaging could replace conventional ceramic hermetic packaging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
L-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and symmetric dimethylarginine in plasma and synovial fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis (2013)

Plasma ARN concentrations were lower in the OA patients than in controls (53.55 ± 16.37 vs. 70.20 ± 25.68 µmol/l) (P<0.05), while plasma ADMA concentrations were similar. Accordingly, the ARN/ADMA ratio was lower in the OA patients than in the control group (80.85 ± 29.58 vs. 110.51 ± 30.48, P<0.05). Plasma SDMA and TBARS concentrations were higher in the OA patients than in controls (0.69 ± 0.15 vs. 0.60 ± 0.10 µmol/l, P<0.05 and 1.21 ± 0.29 vs. 0.55 ± 0.12, respectively) (P<0.001). In the OA patients, ADMA concentrations were significantly higher in the synovial fluid than in plasma (0.75 ± 0.09 vs. 0.69 ± 0.14 µmol/l, P<0.05), as were ARN concentrations (76.96 ± 16.73 vs. 53.55 ± 16.73 µmol/l) (P<0.00001). Conclusions These results indicate a poor availability of NO in the synovial fluid of the OA patients, which may contribute to the progression of OA. The decreased ARN/ADMA ratio and the increased SDMA and TBARS in the plasma of the OA patients suggest an impairment of endothelial function in these subjects.
Nudging för hållbar konsumtion av elektronikprodukter (2016)

Rapporten fokuserar på möjligheten att använda s.k. nudging för att öka hållbar konsumtion av elektronik: att utan tvång "puffa" konsumenter mot mer hållbara konsumtionsval. Det är många olika faktorer som spelar in när människor bestämmer sig för att agera eller inte agera hållbart i olika situationer. I rapporten kartläggs bl.a. med hjälp av en pilotstudie de viktigaste faktorerna som spelar in vid beslut om konsumtion av elektronik, och hur nudging kan användas för att öka hållbar konsumtion av elektronik. Projektet genomfördes i 2015 av en projektgrupp bestående av konsulter från Copenhagen Economics i Sverige och Danmark och i samarbete med Pelle Guldborg Hansen vid Roskilde Universitet. Projektledare var Amanda Stefansdotter. Nordiska Ministerådets arbetsgrupp för hållbar konsumtion och produktion (HKP) finansierade och styrde projektet i samarbete med avfallsgruppen NAG.
A Conceptual Model of Relative Influence in Decision Making in a Professional Services Context (1998)

ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to contribute to the understanding of the decision making process within the professional service provider/client relationship. Although the role of the client or customer is acknowledged to be of importance in professional services marketing, an extensive search has found that a gap exists in the literature regarding the relative influences of the client and the professional service provider in decision making. This paper develops a conceptual model of the relative influences in purchase decision making within a professional service provider/client relationship.
Achieving Three-Dimensional Well-Ordered Nanostructures in Block Copolymer Films by Combined External Fields (Final Project Report) (2015)

The simplest system of block copolymers under nano-confinement is lamellae-forming symmetric diblock copolymers (DBC) A-B confined between two parallel, flat and homogeneous surfaces. By finely tuning the surface separation (confinement) and interactions with the two blocks, however, we found in our high-performance, real-space self-consistent field (SCF) calculations various complex morphologies that cannot be obtained in the bulk. The free-energy data provided by our high-accuracy SCF calculations also reveal in detail the formation mechanisms of these morphologies, which are due to the subtle balance among chain conformational entropy, surface preferences, and A-B repulsion. This work demonstrates that understanding and predicting the self-assembled morphology of DBC under nanoconfinement can help us obtain the desirable morphology for targeted applications, and real-space SCF calculation is a powerful tool for this purpose.
Don’t Trust the Cloud, Verify (2017)

Cloud services have turned remote computation into a commodity and enable convenient online collaboration. However, they require that clients fully trust the service provider in terms of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Toward reducing this dependency, this article introduces VICOS , a protocol for verification of integrity and consistency for cloud object storage that enables a group of mutually trusting clients to detect data integrity and consistency violations for a cloud object storage service. It aims at services where multiple clients cooperate on data stored remotely on a potentially misbehaving service. VICOS enforces the consistency notion of fork-linearizability, supports wait-free client semantics for most operations, and reduces the computation and communication overhead compared to previous protocols. VICOS is based on a generic authenticated data structure. Moreover, its operations cover the hierarchical name space of a cloud object store, supporting a real-world interface and not only a simplistic abstraction. A prototype of VICOS that works with the key-value store interface of commodity cloud storage services has been implemented, and an evaluation demonstrates its advantage compared to existing systems.
Plausible Image Based Soft Shadows Using Occlusion Textures (2006)

This paper presents a novel image-based approach to render plausible soft shadows for complex dynamic scenes with rectangular light sources. The algorithm's performance is mostly independent of the scene complexity and the source's size. Occluders and receivers do not need to be separated and no knowledge about the scene representation is required, making the method easy to use. The main idea is to approximate the occlusion in the scene with pre-filtered occlusion textures. The visibility of the light source at a point in space is estimated by accumulating the occlusion caused by each texture, using a novel formula based on probabilities
Recent Advancement in WDM PON Technology (2011)

We report on the recent advancement in the WDM PON technology including high-speed (&gt;10 Gb/s) and long-reach (&gt;100 km) operations achieved by using the directly modulated reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers and digital coherent receivers.
Microscopic structure in suspensions of active hard disks (2017)

Self-propelled Brownian particles show rich out-of-equilibrium physics, for instance, the motility-induced phase separation (MIPS). While decades of studying the structure of liquids have established a deep understanding of passive systems, not much is known about correlations in active suspensions. In this work we derive an approximate analytic theory for three-body correlations and forces in systems of active Brownian disks starting from the many-body Smoluchowski equation. We use our theory to predict the conditional forces that act on a tagged particle and their dependence on the propulsion speed of self-propelled disks. We identify preferred directions of these forces in relation to the direction of propulsion and the positions of the surrounding particles. We further relate our theory to the effective swimming speed of the active disks, which is relevant for the physics of MIPS. To test and validate our theory, we additionally run particle-resolved computer simulations, for which we explicitly calculate the three-body forces. In this context, we discuss the modeling of active Brownian swimmers with nearly hard interaction potentials. We find very good agreement between our simulations and numerical solutions of our theory, especially for the nonequilibrium pair-distribution function. For our analytical results, we carefully discuss their range of validity in the context of the different levels of approximation we applied. This discussion allows us to study the individual contribution of particles to three-body forces and to the emerging structure. Thus, our work sheds light on the collective behavior, provides the basis for further studies of correlations in active suspensions, sheds new light onto the collective behavior, and makes a step towards an emerging liquid state theory.
Photochemistry and reaction dynamics of HBr in xenon matrices: Photodissociation of HBr and production of Br atoms (1995)

Translationally excited and mobile H atoms are produced by the 193 and 248 nm photodissociation of HBr in xenon matrices. In concentrated matrices the loss of HBr and production of Br atoms follows second order kinetics due to reactive depletion of the remaining HBr by photolytically produced H atoms. The second order rate constant for this process can be directly related to the laser fluence, photodissociation cross-section for HBr, and initial HBr concentration. At higher dilutions the average distance between HBr molecules becomes large compared to the mean displacement of an H atom and reactions between H atoms and HBr molecules are unlikely; the loss of HBr follows first order kinetics as does the production of Br atoms. The mean displacement of H atoms, as a result of 193 nm photolysis, is on the order of 100 Å. The Br atom co-fragment is thermally stable and does not exhibit significant photoinduced mobility at temperatures below 40 K. Formation of Xe2H+ ions is observed but does not measurably effect the HBr loss or Br formation kinetics.
Environmental Response and Genomic Regions Correlated with Rice Root Growth and Yield under Drought in the OryzaSNP Panel across Multiple Study Systems (2015)

The rapid progress in rice genotyping must be matched by advances in phenotyping. A better understanding of genetic variation in rice for drought response, root traits, and practical methods for studying them are needed. In this study, the OryzaSNP set (20 diverse genotypes that have been genotyped for SNP markers) was phenotyped in a range of field and container studies to study the diversity of rice root growth and response to drought. Of the root traits measured across more than 20 root experiments, root dry weight showed the most stable genotypic performance across studies. The environment (E) component had the strongest effect on yield and root traits. We identified genomic regions correlated with root dry weight, percent deep roots, maximum root depth, and grain yield based on a correlation analysis with the phenotypes and aus, indica, or japonica introgression regions using the SNP data. Two genomic regions were identified as hot spots in which root traits and grain yield were co-located; on chromosome 1 (39.7-40.7 Mb) and on chromosome 8 (20.3-21.9 Mb). Across experiments, the soil type/ growth medium showed more correlations with plant growth than the container dimensions. Although the correlations among studies and genetic co-location of root traits from a range of study systems points to their potential utility to represent responses in field studies, the best correlations were observed when the two setups had some similar properties. Due to the co-location of the identified genomic regions (from introgression block analysis) with QTL for a number of previously reported root and drought traits, these regions are good candidates for detailed characterization to contribute to understanding rice improvement for response to drought. This study also highlights the utility of characterizing a small set of 20 genotypes for root growth, drought response, and related genomic regions.
Feature detection on 3-D images of dental imprints (2002)

A computer vision approach for the extraction of feature points on 3D images of dental imprints is presented. The position of feature points are needed for the measurement of a set of parameters for automatic diagnosis of malocclusion problems in orthodontics. The system for the acquisition of the 3D profile of the imprint, the procedure for the detection of the interstices between teeth, and the approach for the identification of the type of tooth are described. The algorithm for the reconstruction of the surface of each type of tooth is presented. A new approach for the detection of feature points, called the watershed algorithm, is described in detail. The algorithm is a two-stage procedure which tracks the position of local minima at four different scales and produces a final map of the position of the minima. Experimental results of the application of the watershed algorithm on actual 3D images of dental imprints are presented for molars, premolars and canines. The segmentation approach for the analysis of the shape of incisors is also described in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Semiparametric Models of Time‐Dependent Predictive Values of Prognostic Biomarkers (2009)

Rigorous statistical evaluation of the predictive values of novel biomarkers is critical prior to applying novel biomarkers into routine standard care. It is important to identify factors that influence the performance of a biomarker in order to determine the optimal conditions for test performance. We propose a covariate-specific time-dependent positive predictive values curve to quantify the predictive accuracy of a prognostic marker measured on a continuous scale and with censored failure time outcome. The covariate effect is accommodated with a semiparametric regression model framework. In particular, we adopt a smoothed survival time regression technique (Dabrowska, 1997, The Annals of Statistics 25, 1510-1540) to account for the situation where risk for the disease occurrence and progression is likely to change over time. In addition, we provide asymptotic distribution theory and resampling-based procedures for making statistical inference on the covariate-specific positive predictive values. We illustrate our approach with numerical studies and a dataset from a prostate cancer study.
Hand-held virtual reality (2006)

Hand-held computing devices are ubiquitous and have become part of our lives these days. Moreover, hand-held devices are also increasingly being equipped with special sensors and non-traditional displays. As such, it raises the question of whether such a "small" and "reduced" device could serve as an effective virtual reality (VR) platform and provide sufficient immersion and presence, e.g. through multimodal interaction. In this paper, we address this question by comparing the perceived field of view (FOV) and level of immersion and presence among the users' of VR platforms, varied in the sizes of physical/software FOV and in styles of interaction. In particular, we consider a motion based interaction, a style of interaction uniquely suitable for the "hand-held" devices. Our experimental study has revealed that when a motion based interaction was used, the FOV perceived by the user for the small hand held device was significantly greater than (around 50%) the actual. Other displays using the button or mouse/keyboard interface did not exhibit such a phenomenon. In addition, the level of user felt presence was higher than even that from a large projection based VR platform. The paper demonstrates the distinct possibility of realizing reasonable virtual reality even with devices with a small visual field of view and limited processing power.
A configurable platform for MPSoCs based on application specific instruction set processors (2009)

In this paper, we propose a configurable platform that supports the integration of configurable processors in a multiprocessor system on chip. This platform can be adapted to the application and the design constraints. The configuration of the platform is done through a graphical user interface generated through an XML parameterization file. We also present the platform design flow, including the configuration process. Results show that this platform allows producing, in a few hours, efficient designs that would take weeks to code manually. It opens the door to faster and more thorough exploration of the design space for MPSoCs design.
High performance waveguide-coupled Ge-on-Si linear mode avalanche photodiodes (2016)

We present experimental results for a selective epitaxially grown Ge-on-Si separate absorption and charge multiplication (SACM) integrated waveguide coupled avalanche photodiode (APD) compatible with our silicon photonics platform. Epitaxially grown Ge-on-Si waveguide-coupled linear mode avalanche photodiodes with varying lateral multiplication regions and different charge implant dimensions are fabricated and their illuminated device characteristics and high-speed performance is measured. We report a record gain-bandwidth product of 432 GHz for our highest performing waveguide-coupled avalanche photodiode operating at 1510nm. Bit error rate measurements show operation with BER< 10<sup>-12</sup>, in the range from -18.3 dBm to -12 dBm received optical power into a 50 Ω load and open eye diagrams with 13 Gbps pseudo-random data at 1550 nm.
Wrinkling of a bilayer membrane (2007)

The buckling of elastic bodies is a common phenomenon in the mechanics of solids. Wrinkling of membranes can often be interpreted as buckling under constraints that prohibit large-amplitude deformation. We present a combination of analytic calculations, experiments, and simulations to understand wrinkling patterns generated in a bilayer membrane. The model membrane is composed of a flexible spherical shell that is under tension and that is circumscribed by a stiff, essentially incompressible strip with bending modulus B . When the tension is reduced sufficiently to a value sigma , the strip forms wrinkles with a uniform wavelength found theoretically and experimentally to be lambda=2pi(B/sigma)(1/3). Defects in this pattern appear for rapid changes in tension. Comparison between experiment and simulation further shows that, with larger reduction of tension, a second generation of wrinkles with longer wavelength appears only when B is sufficiently small.
Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models for osteosarcoma individualized precision treatment and effective drug discovery (2021)

Abstract: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant primary tumor of bone and mainly occurs in young generations. Due to the heterogeneity, rarity, poor response rate to systemic therapy, and metastatic potential of osteosarcoma, individualized precision medicine and novel drug discovery are greatly needed. Toward this goal, we have established the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model with surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) for all major cancers. The PDOX models recapitulate human tumors better than subcutaneous-transplanted xenografts including patient-derived xenograft (PDX). Metastasis is observed to a greater extent in PDOX models due to the intact histology and correct-organ tumor micro-environment of the orthotopically implanted tissue. The present report reviews our research group’s experience with the osteosarcoma-PDOX model, and the power of the PDOX models to identify effective therapeutics. We have obtained many promising and surprising results using the osteosarcoma-PDOX model for discovering active approved drugs as well as combinations of them, and experimental therapeutics for individual patients. The patient does not need to suffer from the potential drug toxicity and morbidity of ineffective chemotherapies. In an era of growing promise of new treatment and precision medicine, PDOX models offer a unique opportunity to provide specific and individualized therapy and novel therapeutic options for osteosarcoma patients.
Hemicellulase-assisted bleaching of modified kraft pulp produced with polysulphide addition (1998)

La retention accrue des hemicelluloses, tout particulierement le glucomannane, durant la mise en pâte au polysulfure peut affecter la reaction de la pâte face au procede de blanchiment a base d'hemicellulase, et cela de la meme facon que dans le cas des xylanes redeposes. Au titre du blanchiment a base d'hemicellulase avec l'apport de xylanase et de mannanase purifiees provenant du Trichoderma reesei, nous avons examine la pâte preparee par voie de cuisson continue modifiee (MCC) au laboratoire avec et sans addition de polysulfure (PS). Nous avons observe que la solubilisation du glucomannane durant le traitement a la mannanase n'a pas augmente pour la pâte MCC/PS par rapport a la pâte de reference MCC, ce qui laisse croire que le gain de rendement de la pâte MCC/PS a ete maintenu au meme niveau. Les ameliorations des procedes de blanchiment au bioxyde de chlore (DED) et au peroxyde d'hydrogene (QPPP) n'ont pas ete non plus affectees par l'addition de polysufure dans la mise en pâte kraft modifiee.
Developing a new tuberculosis vaccine. (1998)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem, with each infected individual spreading the disease to almost 20 others. Tuberculosis is a major killer of young people and is often found in the U.S. among those that are foreign-born. Decreased vigilance in controlling the disease has aided in the reemergence of TB in the U.S. More effective drugs and a preventive vaccine are needed to control the disease. Issues related to vaccine development and testing are described.
Hierarchical regions matching in image sequences through association graph (2002)

We present a hierarchical method to match regions in image sequences based in graph theory. First, we build a graph representation for each image, the so-called tree of critical lakes, used in the multiscale watershed. In a second step, assignments between regions in subsequent images are accomplished through maximum clique detection in a association graph.