gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aspect-Oriented Programming is Quantification and Implicit Invocation (2001)

We propose that the distinguishing characteristic of Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) languages is that they allow programming by making quantified programmatic assertions over programs that lack local notation indicating the invocation of these assertions. This suggests that AOP systems can be analyzed with respect to three critical dimensions: the kinds of quantifications allowed, the nature of the interactions that can be asserted, and the mechanism for combining base-level actions with asserted actions. Consequences of this perspective are the recognition that certain systems are not AOP and that some mechanisms are metabolism: they are sufficiently expressive to allow straightforwardly programming an AOP system within them.
Elastic multiparameter FWI in sharp contrast medium (2019)

Acoustic full waveform inversion (FWI) has been widely used in marine environment to produce high resolution P wave velocity model. In complex geological contexts with sharp contrast interfaces, acoustic approximation has difficulty to build geologically plausible models. By honoring both the phase and the waveform, elastic FWI can produce a better depth image. An efficient numerical scheme and smart parameterization have been implemented to make a satisfactory compromise between numerical accuracy and computational efficiency. We discuss the added value of elastic FWI to recover P-wave velocity in the vicinity of sharp contrast medium. We show the comparison through several real marine field case studies. Presentation Date: Wednesday, September 18, 2019 Session Start Time: 8:30 AM Presentation Time: 11:00 AM Location: 302B Presentation Type: Oral
Shadow Photogrammetric Apparatus for the Quantitative Evaluation of Corneal Buttons (1989)

We have developed a technique for the accurate, quantitative, geometric evaluation of trephined and punched corneal buttons. A magnified shadow of the frontal and edge views of a corneal button mounted on the rotary stage of a modified optical comparator is projected onto the screen of the comparator and photographed. This process takes approximately three minutes. The diameters and edge profile at any meridian photographed can subsequently be analyzed from the film. The precision in measuring the diameters of well cut corneal buttons is +/- 23 microns, and in measuring the angle of the edge profile is +/- 1 degree. Statistical analysis of inter observer variability indicated excellent reproducibility of measurements. Shadow photogrammetry offers a standardized, accurate, and reproducible method for analysis of corneal trephination.
Origin of Hepatitis δ Virus (2010)

This article addresses some of the questions relating to how hepatitis delta virus (HDV), an agent so far unique in the animal world, might have arisen. HDV was discovered in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). It generally makes HBV infections more damaging to the liver. It is a subviral satellite agent that depends upon HBV envelope proteins for its assembly and ability to infect new cells. In other aspects of replication, HDV is both independent of and very different from HBV. In addition, the small single-stranded circular RNA genome of HDV, and its mechanism of replication, demonstrate an increasing number of similarities to the viroids - a large family of helper-independent subviral agents that cause pathogenesis in plants.
Large-eddy simulations of flow and aeroacoustics of twin square jets including turbulence tripping (2023)

In this study, we investigate the flow and aeroacoustics of twin square (i.e., aspect ratio of 1.0) jets by implicit large-eddy simulations (LESs) under a nozzle pressure ratio of 3.0 and a temperature ratio of 1.0 conditions. A second-order central scheme coupled with a modified Jameson's artificial dissipation is used to resolve acoustics as well as to capture discontinuous solutions, e.g., shock waves. The flow boundary layer inside of the nozzle is tripped, using a small step in the convergent section of the nozzle. The time-averaged axial velocity and turbulent kinetic energy of LES with boundary layer tripping approaches better to particle image velocimetry experimental data than the LES without turbulence tripping case. A two-point space–time cross-correlation analysis suggests that the twin jets are screeching and are coupled to each other in a symmetrical flapping mode. Intense pressure fluctuations and standing waves are observed between the jets. Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) confirms the determined mode and the relevant wave propagation. The upstream propagating mode associated with the shock-cell structures is confined inside jets. Far-field noise obtained by solving Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation is in good agreement with the measured acoustic data. The symmetrical flapping mode of twin jets yields different levels of the screech tone depending on observation planes. The tonalities—the fundamental tone, second and third harmonics—appear clearly in the far-field, showing different contributions at angles corresponding to the directivities revealed by SPOD.
Dielectric relaxation in liquid crystalline side‐chain polymers containing a siloxane main chain (1988)

Abstract Dielectric relaxation measurements in the frequency range 0.4 Hz to 100kHz have been carried out with two unoriented siloxane polymers. Only one intensive absorption range of the Cole‐Cole type was detected. The molecular mobility of the siloxane polymers is distinctly higher than the reorientation of the respective polyacrylates and polymethacrylates.
Alterations of Cortisol Metabolism in Human Disorders (2018)

The interconversion of active and inactive corticosteroids - cortisol and cortisone, respectively, in humans - is modulated by isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11-HSD). Studies of this process have provided crucial insights into glucocorticoid effects in a wide variety of tissues. The 11-HSD1 isozyme functions mainly as an oxoreductase (cortisone to cortisol) and is expressed at high levels in the liver and other glucocorticoid target tissues. Because it is required for full physiological effects of cortisol, it has emerged as a drug target for metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Mutations in the corresponding HSD11B1 gene, or in the H6PD gene encoding hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (which supplies the NADPH required for the oxoreductase activity of 11-HSD1), cause apparent cortisone reductase deficiency, a rare syndrome of adrenocortical hyperactivity and hyperandrogenism. In contrast, the 11-HSD2 isozyme functions as a dehydrogenase (cortisol to cortisone) and is expressed mainly in mineralocorticoid target tissues, where it bars access of cortisol to the mineralocorticoid receptor. Mutations in the HSD11B2 gene encoding 11-HSD2 cause the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess, a severe form of familial hypertension. The role of this enzyme in the pathogenesis of common forms of low-renin hypertension remains uncertain.
Preparation and adsorption properties of macroporous tannin resins (2006)

在这份报纸，有多酉分的氢氧根的吸附树脂的一种新类型被使黑枝不能调动创造吠叫丹宁到 chloromethyl 聚苯乙烯树脂。它到阳离子染料的吸附能力被测试。与直角的测试，合成的最佳的条件是坚定的：钠氢氧化物答案 1.0 摩尔路 L 的集中 ? 1；反应时间是一个小时和丹宁的集体集中 5% 。与单个因素的实验，吸附的最佳的条件被证实：5.0 的团结的 pH；25 掳 C 的吸附温度和 100 mg 路 L 的阳离子染料集中 ? 1。为阳离子染料的吸附能类似于兰米尔等温线。关键词 macroporous 树脂 - 植物丹宁 - 吸附
Neutral and Cationic Palladium(II) Complexes of a Diazapyridinophane. Structure, Fluxionality, and Reactivity toward Ethylene (2001)

The palladium complexes (t-Bu-N4)PdCl2 (1), (t-Bu-N4)PdMeCl (2), (t-Bu-N4)PdMe(NCMe)+BAr4- (3), and (t-Bu-N4)PdMe(C2H4)+BAr4- (4) [t-Bu-N4 = N,N‘-ditertiobutyl-2,11-diaza[3.3](2,6)pyridinophane, Ar = 3,5-(CF3)2-C6H3] have been synthesized and characterized by VT 1H NMR and X-ray (for 1 and 3) analysis. The macrocyclic ligand is only bi- or tridentate, both coordination modes coexisting in solution for 1 and 3. Cationic methyl-ethylene complex 4 decomposes readily through insertion of ethylene into the Pd−Me bond, and ethylene polymerization with use of 1 (in the presence of MAO) or 3 as catalysts is therefore precluded. Complexes 1, 3, and 4 are fluxional, the t-Bu-N4 ligand undergoing an η2−η3 oscillatory process (ΔG⧧ = 14.1−14.9 kcal mol-1) as well as hindered rotation of the t-Bu substituent of the coordinated amine function around the corresponding N−C bond (ΔG⧧ = 8.8−10.1 kcal mol-1).
The role of ABA and the transpiration stream in the regulation of the osmotic water permeability of leaf cells (2001)

The transpiration stream that passes through a plant may follow an apoplastic route, with low resistance to flow, or a cell-to-cell route, in which cellular membranes impede water flow. However, passage of water through membranes can be facilitated by aquaporins thereby decreasing resistance. We investigated the relationship between transpiration, which can be down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) or by high humidity, and the osmotic water permeability (P(os)) of protoplasts. By using leaf protoplasts of wild-type (wt) Arabidopsis thaliana plants and of mutants that are low in ABA (aba1) or insensitive to ABA (abi1 and abi2), we found that protoplasts from aba1 and abi mutants have very low P(os) values compared with those from wt plants when the plants are grown at 45% relative humidity. High values of P(os) were found 3 h after the addition of ABA to the culture medium of aba1 plants; addition of ABA to abi plants did not restore the P(os) to wt levels. There was no such increase in P(os) when excised leaves of aba1 plants were treated with ABA. When the transpiration stream was attenuated by growing the plants at 85% relative humidity, the P(os) of protoplasts from all plants (wt and mutants) was higher. We suggest that attenuation of the transpiration stream in whole plants is required for the up-regulation of the P(os) of the membranes, and that this up-regulation, which does not require ABA, is mediated by the activation of aquaporins in the plasma membrane.
An Evidence-Based Approach to Spine Surgery (2009)

Health care reform will emphasize evidence-based medicine to provide the highest quality care. Recent literature has emerged in spinal surgery that has profoundly increased the evidence base for several spinal procedures. There is now good evidence from randomized controlled trials that surgical treatment of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation, decompression for spinal stenosis, and decompression and fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis all offer significant clinical benefit in the face of serious back and radicular pain when compared with nonsurgical care. Studies of nonsurgical and surgical treatments for chronic low back pain are inconclusive, limited by study design/methodology. Continuing to increase study quality in the field of spine surgery is more important now than ever before. Optimizing diagnostic specificity, surgical indications, and measuring outcomes with validated instruments should help the spine care community acquire essential data to provide the highest quality evidence-based care, while simultaneously eliminating procedures that lack evidence of efficacy or value.
Quantitative Analysis of Nucleation and Growth Behavior from in situ Liquid Cell Studies (2015)

Developing a fundamental understanding of nanocrystal nucleation and growth have important implications for a wide range of materials used in catalysis, energy storage, photonic, and electronic applications where the ability to tune crystal size, morphology, and surface chemistry will dictate nanoscale properties and functionality. Here we develop a universal approach for directly probing the kinetic laws, anisotropy, and particle-particle interactions from operando experiments of crystal growth and advanced data analytics.
The Genomic Impact of DNA CpG Methylation on Gene Expression; Relationships in Prostate Cancer (2017)

The process of DNA CpG methylation has been extensively investigated for over 50 years and revealed associations between changing methylation status of CpG islands and gene expression. As a result, DNA CpG methylation is implicated in the control of gene expression in developmental and homeostasis processes, as well as being a cancer-driver mechanism. The development of genome-wide technologies and sophisticated statistical analytical approaches has ushered in an era of widespread analyses, for example in the cancer arena, of the relationships between altered DNA CpG methylation, gene expression, and tumor status. The remarkable increase in the volume of such genomic data, for example, through investigators from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), has allowed dissection of the relationships between DNA CpG methylation density and distribution, gene expression, and tumor outcome. In this manner, it is now possible to test that the genome-wide correlations are measurable between changes in DNA CpG methylation and gene expression. Perhaps surprisingly is that these associations can only be detected for hundreds, but not thousands, of genes, and the direction of the correlations are both positive and negative. This, perhaps, suggests that CpG methylation events in cancer systems can act as disease drivers but the effects are possibly more restricted than suspected. Additionally, the positive and negative correlations suggest direct and indirect events and an incomplete understanding. Within the prostate cancer TCGA cohort, we examined the relationships between expression of genes that control DNA methylation, known targets of DNA methylation and tumor status. This revealed that genes that control the synthesis of <i>S</i>-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) associate with altered expression of DNA methylation targets in a subset of aggressive tumors.
[Metabolism of beta-adrenergic substances. Therapeutic implications]. (1986)

The metabolism of the main beta-adrenoceptor stimulants which are not catechol derivatives involves conjugation with glucuronic or sulphuric acids in several animal species and conjugation with sulphuric acid in man. These drugs are not metabolized by MAO like isoproterenol or by COMT like the catechol derivatives: isoproterenol, trimetoquinol, hexoprenaline and rimiterol. Sulphate conjugation, in man, increases with the number of hydroxy groups. For salbutamol, pirbuterol, terbutaline and fenoterol, about 30%, 30%, 15% and 10% are respectively present in plasma as the unchanged active compound. Clenbuterol, a new specific beta 2-adrenoceptor stimulant, is a 4-amino-3,5 dichloro-benzene derivative and cannot be conjugated. It is cleared from the body mainly by the renal route (43% of the administered dose) and has eight minor metabolites, identical in several animal species and in man. Tulobuterol with no hydroxy substitute does not undergo conjugation, but is metabolized to 4-hydroxy tulobuterol. This metabolite is shown to be eight times more potent than tulobuterol. Metabolism depends greatly upon the route of administration: intravenous, subcutaneous, oral, by aerosol or instillation into the bronchial tree. Conjugation or COMT inactivation can take place in the gut wall (terbutaline), in lungs (isoproterenol, terbutaline, rimiterol) or by hepatic first-pass. These processes decrease the amount of drug reaching the blood and the receptor sites. Metabolism in the lung is important for ibuterol (terbutaline diisobutyrate), which is more lipophilic than terbutaline and spreads throughout tissues where it is hydrolyzed to active terbutaline. Biotransformations are determined by environmental or genetic factors and by the associated therapy and can change dramatically from one patient to another (interindividual variability) or for the same patient by multiple dosing (intra-individual variability). These differences in the rates of the metabolism can explain, partly, the differences observed in the response to beta-adrenoceptor stimulants by responder or non-responder patients. Decision about a therapeutic dosage regiment involves the choice of the drug, of the route of administration and of the dose. This choice is made on the basis of the dose/response relationship. In the kinetic approach, pharmacokinetic data obtained after a single dose facilitate the development of an appropriate dosage regimen.
Lipoxygenase POTLX-1 and POTLX-2 Genes are Expressed during Potato Tuber Initiation and Development (1997)

Plant lipoxygenases (LOXs) (linoleate:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.11.12) catalyze the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linolenic and linoleic acids. Some of the final products of LOX-catalyzed reactions are traumatin, jasmonic acid (JA), methyl jasmonate (MJ), and C-6 volatile compounds, and they serve hormone-like regulatory and defense-related roles in plants. Recently, it has been proposed that LOXs play a role in potato tuberization processes because JA, MJ, and structurally similar tuberonic acid and tuberonic acid glycoside have been shown to be tuber-inducing substances. In order to study possible lipoxygenase involvement in potato tuberization, we have isolated, sequenced, and characterized the expression pattern of two cDNA clones, designated POTLX-1 and POTLX-2, that represent similar, but distinct, LOX genes. Within the scope of our experiments, northern hybridization studies with mRNA extracted from various organs of `Superior' potato plants indicated that the expression of these two genes is restricted to developing tubers and roots only. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between POTLX-1 and POTLX-2 mRNA accumulation and the stage of potato tuber development, and this implicates LOX in tuberization processes. Accumulation of their transcripts was not detected in leaves, flowers, stems, shoot tips, or axillary buds. These results indicate that the isozyme forms encoded by these two genes are tuber-specific, and they are good candidates to study LOX involvement in potato tuberization processes. Treatment of potato leaves with abscisic acid, MJ, gibberellic acid, auxin (NAA), and cytokinin (BA) did not trigger transcriptional activation of either of these genes.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Acquired Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors Is Associated with a Manifestation of Stem Cell–like Properties in Cancer Cells (2023)

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Distribution of relaxation times in PMN single crystal (2005)

The dielectric permittivity of PMN single crystal was measured in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 3 GHz. Dielectric dispersion was observed in all investigated frequency range. From the frequency dependence of the real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittvity, the distribution of relaxation times was calculated. The low frequency limit of the distribution of the relaxation times diverge according to the Vogel -Fulcher law with the freezing temperature T 0 = 228 K, which is in good agreement with mean relaxation time temperature dependence obtained from Cole - Cole equation. Broadening of the relaxation time distribution function at low temperatures indicates the existence of two different components making contribution to the total dielectric spectrum of PMN.
Electrical and Thermal Dynamics of Self-Oscillations in TaOx-Based Threshold Switching Devices (2020)

We present experimental results of relaxation oscillations based on the TaOx threshold switching devices as a function of voltage, load resistance, and the parallel capacitance. Of particular interest are the dynamics of transitions between ON and OFF states of the device which impose an upper limit of the oscillation frequency. The dynamics have been captured by the finite element electrothermal model using only electrical conductivity vs temperature and thermally activated conductivities as input data. The model reproduced current and voltage waveforms and allowed for following the changes in current density and temperature distributions within the device during oscillations. Both undergo significant breathing-mode-type changes in each cycle as the current spontaneously constricts during the capacitance discharge/heating stage. The model points out the possible approaches toward achieving higher oscillation frequencies.
An Active Method to Building Dynamic Dependency Model for Distributed Components (2005)

Currently many research show that, in a sophisticated application system, the faults which are impossible to occur theoretically, may take place in practice. J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) distributed environment has been popularly applied to EAI (enterprise application integration). With the growth of the numbers of Jsp, Servlet and EJB components, for a specific J2EE application, it is difficult for administrators to locate the fundamental position of the faults, and delay recovering the faults. Dependency models provide the effective method to trace all possible sources of the faults from the problem vertices against the relationship edges. Bayesian network was presented in 1981 by R.Howard and J.Matheson. It has been successfully applied to fault diagnosis field. Bayesian networks provide a method to describe consequence information naturally. In this paper, we construct the dependency models of software components with the construction algorithm of Bayesian networks. Dependency models can be represented with Bayesian networks. The vertices in Bayesian networks corresponds to the vertices in dependency models, and the conditional probability expressed with the edges in Bayesian networks corresponds to the relative strength expressed with the edges in dependency models. Consequently, it is possible to develop a tool to analyze and recover the faults automatically, and be helpful to find fundamental reasons for various faults, based on dependent relations between the components in dependency models
Asymmetric throughput problem due to Push-To-Talk (PTT) delays in CSMA/CA based heterogeneous Land Mobile Radio (LMR) networks (2009)

In this paper, we highlight the impact of variable Push-To-Talk (PTT) delays on performance of a heterogeneous Land Mobile Radio (LMR) network. We first present the PTT delay values and distributions observed for some commonly used LMR nodes. An analytical model is then developed to estimate the asymmetric throughput problem. The results obtained using this model and simulations show that a LMR node experiences a denial of service (DOS) due to collisions resulting from PTT delays. This leads to an asymmetry in throughput performance of individual nodes. The extent of the asymmetry is a function of total number of nodes in the system and the density of nodes with similar PTT delay profiles. These observations have implications in both, the performance and capacity planning of heterogeneous LMR network.