gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magneto-optical dispersion of Si1−xGex epitaxial layers and Si/Ge superlattices (1997)

The magneto-optical dispersion of Si1−xGex mixed crystal films on (001)-Si substrate and an asymmetric (Si16Ge10)33 superlattice were investigated. Optical measurements at B=0 (reflectivity and wavelength modulated reflectivity) were performed in order to fit the film thickness, the value of x, and the field free optical constants. Using these optical constants at B=10 T, the off-diagonal element of the dielectric tensor was evaluated numerically from the complex magneto-optical Kerr effect in the spectral region from about 1.5 up to 4.0 eV photon energy. The spectra for the off-diagonal element of the dielectric tensor and the spectra of the differential dielectric function were modelled with analytical functions following the theoretical background. Within the framework of a multi-component fitting of the dielectric tensor, a significant improvement of resolution of the relevant interband critical points (E1, E1+Δ1, E0′) is performed. The dependencies of the relevant transition energies as well as the sum-g-factors on the composition parameter x were determined. From the difference between the ḡ value of E1 and that of (E1+Δ1), the concentration dependence of the interband matrix element was calculated as Π(x)=0.06+0.3×x2. For the superlattice, a value quite similar to that of Π(x=0.42) was found.
Regulation of alternative pre-mRNA splicing (2002)

The first wave of bioinformatic studies that followed genome and complementary DNA sequencing projects revealed that alternative splicing of messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) contributes substantially to transcriptome complexity in higher eukaryotes. Together with the realisation of the impact of the process on cell differentiation, development and disease, these studies portray alternative splicing as a fundamental component of gene regulation. Both detailed mechanistic studies and genome-wide analyses will be necessary to unravel the molecular basis for cell type-specific splice site selection. This paper will highlight some recent progress and future challenges for functional genomics and bioinformatics in this rapidly developing area.
Prejunctional Phenomenon during Succinylcholine Onset in Cats (2004)

Background: Succinylcholine (Sch) has been generally reported not to produce tetanic stimulation fade on train of four in phase I block, except phase II block. But, the prejunctional phenomenon of Sch during onset is rarely reported these days, and so we investigated whether the prejunctional phenomenon of Sch during onset exists in cats. Methods: We checked train of four ratios (TOF-R) and tetanic fade ratios (TF-R) by using a nerve stimulator before and after 50/kg of Sch less than ED95 was administered, and during recovery in anesthetized cats. We analyzed TOF-R and TF-R before drug administration as a control and during onset and recovery time in order to estimate the statistic significance of fade. Results: TOF fade and tetanic stimulation during the onset of Sch appeared like those in the partial block of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockades. TOF-R and TF-R during Sch onset compared with those in control and recovery time of Sch had statistical significance (P
Effect of Different Salt on Fabrication of Sr<sub>0.5</sub>Ba<sub>0.5</sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> by Molten-Salt Synthesis (2006)

In the present work, effects of different salts (NaCl, 0.5NaCl-0.5KCl and KCl) on molten-salt-synthesized Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (SBN50) powder were explored. A variety of particle morphology, compositions and lattice parameters of SBN50 were investigated. The results showed that SBN50 particles synthesized in NaCl salt have the finest diameter (0.1-0.2μm) and the highest aspect ratio (around 10), while the particles from 0.5NaCl-0.5KCl salt show the coarsest diameter (0.2-0.3μm) and the lowest aspect ratio (around 5). If only using KCl salt, trace Sr2Nb2O7 normally co-exists with SBN50 phase. In addition, Na+ and K+ cations from salts are easily incorporated with SBN structure and reach a very high content.
A novel sub-50 nm multi-bridge-channel MOSFET (MBCFET) with extremely high performance (2004)

We demonstrate highly manufacturable sub-50 nm MBCFET with the I/sub on/ of 4.26 mA/ /spl mu/m at V/sub DD/ = 1.2V, which is the best performance ever reported. This excellent performance of the MBCFET is resulted from the vertically stacked channels and enhanced mobility. It has been fabricated on bulk Si substrate by using the multiple epitaxial growth of SiGe/Si/SiGe/Si layers and damascene gate process. It has structural and electrical merits in scaling and process integration.
Zielsetzung und Vorgehensweise (2002)

Die Gesellschaft in Deutschland unterliegt einer Wandlungsdynamik, die in der aktuellen Diskussion häufig nur in ihren negativen Kennzeichen betrachtet wird. So läßt sich seit Jahrzehnten beobachten, daß sich neben der klassischen Familie und deren Veränderungen zusätzliche Lebensformen, vom Singlehaushalt bis hin zu Paargemeinschaften finden. Die statistischen Daten, die diesen Trend z.B. durch Anzahl der Singlehaushalte oder der Scheidungszahlen beschreiben, zeigen dabei nur die eine Seite des Wandels, nämlich die Auflösung der alten Strukturen an. Auch die Veränderungen in der Wirtschafts- und Arbeitswelt, die durch eine Internationalisierung mit Schaffung eines europäischen Binnenmarktes, die deutsche Einheit oder den Wandel von einer Produktions- zu einer Dienstleistungsgesellschaft schlaglichtartig skizziert werden können, zeigen zunächst eine Auflösung alter Strukturen. Die deutlichsten Wegmarken sind hier ständig steigende Arbeitslosenzahlen oder die Zunahme in den öffentlichen Sozialbudgets.
Quality of life patient-reported outcomes for locally advanced cutaneous melanoma (2017)

Locally advanced cutaneous melanoma has marked quality-of-life implications; however, the patient experience of symptom management and subsequent impact on quality of life has not been well described. This study aims to address the impact on patients of advanced cutaneous melanoma through qualitative interviews. Adults with stage IIIB, IIIC, or IV (M1a) cutaneous melanoma were recruited from two cancer centers in the USA and one in Australia. Telephone interviews were conducted to assess how locoregionally advanced cutaneous melanoma impacted everyday life. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded for qualitative analysis. Twenty-two melanoma patients were interviewed, mean age 69.7 years (range: 52-83), 64% male. The study included stage IIIB (36%), stage IIIC (59%), and stage IV M1a (5%) patients. Emotional health/self-perception issues were the most commonly identified (41% of patient impact expressions), including worry, concern, embarrassment, self-consciousness, fear, and thoughts of death. Limitations of lifestyle and activities were also identified (28% of expressions) including leisure and social activities, physical functioning, general functioning, and personal care. Coping strategies such as modified clothing choices, increased use of pain and/or anti-inflammatory medications, and avoidance/protection from the sun represented 20% of all impact expressions. Ratings of the degree of difficulty patients experienced (using an 11-point numerical rating scale) ranged from 0.0 to 10.0 (mean 5.7, SD 2.9). Condition-related and treatment-related factors were well characterized in patients with locally advanced cutaneous melanoma. This provides a strong foundation for assessment of how cutaneous melanoma impacts quality of life.
Approach to the Patient with Constipation (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Primary constipation Secondary constipation Evaluation of constipation
Wireless ventilation control for large‐scale systems: The mining industrial case (2009)

Abstract This paper describes a new industrial case on automation, for large‐scale systems with high environmental impact: the mining ventilation control systems. Ventilation control is essential for the operation of a mine in terms of safety (CO and NO x regulation) and energy optimization. We first discuss a novel regulation architecture, highlighting the interest for a model‐based control approach and the use of distributed sensing capabilities thanks to a wireless sensor network (WSN). We propose a new model for underground ventilation. The main components of the system dynamics are described with time‐delays, transmission errors, energy losses and concentration profiles. Two different model‐based control approaches, which can embody the complex dynamics of the system, are proposed. The first one resorts to a nonlinear model predictive control strategy (receding horizon) and aims to energy minimization, thanks to a continuous operation of the fans. The second one, based on a hybrid description of the model and fans operation, provides automatic verification of the wireless control thanks to abstraction techniques. These control strategies are compared with simulations, in terms of regulation efficiency, energy consumption and the need for computational capabilities. The industrial case description and control strategies open new vistas for the development of global system approaches that allow for the optimization of energy consumption of complex large‐scale systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Low power synthesis of dual threshold voltage CMOS VLSI circuits (1999)

The use of dual threshold voltages can significantly reduce the static power dissipated in CMOS VLSI circuits. With the supply voltage at 1V and threshold voltage as low as 0.2V the subthreshold leakage power of transistors starts dominating the dynamic power. Also, many times a large number of devices spend a long time in a standby mode where the leakage power is the only source of power consumption. We present a near-optimal approach to synthesize low static power CMOS VLSI circuits with two threshold voltages that reduces power consumption compared with a previous approach by upto 29.45%. Also, presented is a technique which finds static power optimal configurations for CMOS VLSI circuits when arbitrary number of threshold voltages are allowed.
Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Home Care Settings (2009)

Hospital-acquired MRSA carriage was common at discharge to home health care and was frequently prolonged. Transmission occurred in nearly 20% of household contacts and was associated with older age and participation in health care of the index patient. Household contacts should apply infection control measures similar to those recommended in the hospital setting.
Complete structure of the human alpha-albumin gene, a new member of the serum albumin multigene family. (1996)

The nucleotide sequence of the human alpha-albumin gene, including 887 bp of the 5'-flanking region and 1311 bp of the 3-flanking region (24,454 in total), was determined from three overlapping lambda phage clones. The sequence spans 22,256 bp from the cap site to the polyadenylylation site, revealing a gene structure of 15 exons separated by 14 introns. The methionine initiation codon ATG is within exon 1; the termination codon TGA is within exon 14. Exon 15 is entirely untranslated and contains the polyadenylylation signal AATAAA. The deduced polypeptide chain is composed of a 21-amino-acid leader peptide, followed by 578 amino acids of the mature protein. There are seven repetitive DNA elements (Alu and Kpn) in the introns and 3-flanking region. The sizes of the 15 alpha-albumin exons match closely those of the albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, and vitamin D-binding protein genes. The exons are symmetrically placed within the three domains of the individual proteins, and they share a characteristic codon splitting pattern that is conserved among members of the gene family. The results provide strong evidence that alpha-albumin belongs to, and most likely completes with, the serum albumin gene family. Based on structural similarity, alpha-albumin appears to be most closely related to alpha-fetoprotein. The complete structure of this family of four tandemly linked genes provides a well-characterized approximately 200 kb locus in the 4q subcentromeric region of the human genome.
La exploración de Marte: un reto del pasado, presente y futuro (2011)

En este articulo se expone una panoramica de la exploracion de Marte como pieza crucial para entender, por un lado, el origen y formacion del Sistema Solar, y, por otro lado, el propio entorno terrestre. Asimismo se discute la
posible existencia de vida en el planeta rojo y se analizan algunas misiones futuras en las que Espana va a participar.
In situ oxygen flux baseline studies to quantify impacts of manganese nodule mining on benthic activity in the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (2021)

Sediment community oxygen consumption is an established measure of benthic activity and &#13;\nrecommended by the International Seabed Authority for baseline investigations as part of &#13;\nexploration activities (document ISBA/25/LTC/6). It addresses rates of organic matter &#13;\nremineralization as a key function of seafloor ecosystems. In 2019, oxygen flux measurements were &#13;\ncarried out at locations approx. 1000 km apart in the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ) within &#13;\nthe German and Belgian exploration license areas. Rates of total (TOU) and diffusive oxygen uptake &#13;\n(DOU) were quantified in situ with benthic chambers and microprofilers manipulated by remotely &#13;\noperated vehicle (ROV). The study was carried out in the framework of the European collaborative &#13;\nproject MiningImpact under the Joint Programming Initiative Healthy and Productive Seas and &#13;\nOceans (JPI Oceans). The primary aim was to settle a baseline in preparation of a subsequent &#13;\nassessment of the environmental impacts associated with the first test of a manganese nodule &#13;\ncollector pre-prototype in international waters. In both license areas, replicate measurements were &#13;\nobtained at different sites across several kilometers distance. Based on this extensive data set, the &#13;\npresentation aims to assess the requirements (e.g., in terms of replication, relevant spatial scales, &#13;\nmethodology) for oxygen uptake observations in the context of environmental baseline studies. &#13;\nLateral variability in fluxes is addressed as well as differences between total and diffusive fluxes and &#13;\nrelations to other biogeochemical data obtained in sediment and pore water samples (e.g., nutrients, &#13;\norganic matter, chloroplastic pigments). In addition, first data on immediate effects of the recently &#13;\nperformed pre-prototype collector test on oxygen distribution in the upper sediment layer are &#13;\npresented.
Multiresolution speech analysis using fast time-varying orthogonal wavelet packet transform algorithms (1995)

Keywords: LTS1 Reference LTS-CONF-1995-037 Record created on 2006-06-14, modified on 2016-08-08
In Vitro Evolution of Antibodies Inspired by In Vivo Evolution (2018)

<i>In vitro</i> generation of antibodies often requires variable domain sequence evolution to adapt the protein in terms of affinity, specificity, or developability. Such antibodies, including those that are of interest for clinical development, may have their origins in a diversity of immunoglobulin germline genes. Others and we have previously shown that antibodies of different origins tend to evolve along different, preferred trajectories. Apart from substitutions within the complementary determining regions, evolution may also, in a germline gene-origin-defined manner, be focused to residues in the framework regions, and even to residues within the protein core, in many instances at a substantial distance from the antibody's antigen-binding site. Examples of such germline origin-defined patterns of evolution are described. We propose that germline gene-preferred substitution patterns offer attractive alternatives that should be considered in efforts to evolve antibodies intended for therapeutic use with respect to appropriate affinity, specificity, and product developability. We also hypothesize that such germline gene-origin-defined <i>in vitro</i> evolution hold potential to result in products with limited immunogenicity, as similarly evolved antibodies will be parts of conventional, <i>in vivo</i>-generated antibody responses and thus are likely to have been seen by the immune system in the past.
Conjugate Vaccines (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Preparation of Conjugate Vaccines Background Licensed Vaccines Against Group C Meningococci Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine Developments Group A Conjugates Group B Conjugates Group C Conjugates Group Y and W-135 Conjugates Combination Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccines Lipo-oligosaccharide Conjugate Vaccines Alternative Carrier Proteins for Meningococcal Vaccines New Formulations and Delivery of Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccines Control Testing of Conjugate Vaccines Polysaccharide Activated Saccharide Carrier Protein Monovalent Conjugate Bulk Final Product Conjugate Stability and Potency of Conjugate Vaccines Immunogenicity of Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccines Age-related Immunity Antibody Persistence and Memory Effectiveness Use of Conjugate Vaccines in the Immunocompromised Hyporesponsiveness to Meningococcal Polysaccharides Herd Immunity Future Developments Affordable Conjugate Vaccines for Developing Countries Towards a Comprehensive Vaccine
Supplementary Table S3 from Carcinogen-Induced Skin Tumor Development Requires Leukocytic Expression of the Transcription Factor Runx3 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Proteome Profiler Array - analyzed cytokines/chemokines. Colorimetric dot-blot assay profiles of protein level lists the relative levels of 40 murine cytokines/chemokines.&lt;/p&gt;
The Effectiveness of Preformed Tooth Protectors During Endotracheal Intubation: An Upper Jaw Model (2007)

Preformed dental shields are useful to reduce the force applied to the teeth and potentially reduce the probability of tooth damage during laryngoscopy. However, the shield with the most force reduction capability is rather large and also expensive, making general use impossible. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate efficacy and safety of tooth protectors.
Circulating levels of PD-L1 and Galectin-9 are associated with patient survival in surgically treated Hepatocellular Carcinoma independent of their intra-tumoral expression levels (2019)

Tumor expression of immune co-inhibitory ligands, such as PD-L1 and Galectin-9, have potential prognostic value in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Circulating levels of these molecules, however, have hardly been studied. This study aims to assess the prognostic significance of circulating PD-L1 and circulating Galectin-9 in patients with resected HCC, and to compare their prognostic significance to the intra-tumoral expression of these same molecules. Archived tissues and stored peripheral blood samples from 81 patients who underwent HCC resection or liver transplantation, with curative intent, were used. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine intra-tumoral expression of PD-L1 and Galectin-9, while ELISA was used to quantify their respective circulating levels. High circulating PD-L1 (HR 0.12, 95%CI 0.16-0.86, p = 0.011) and high circulating Galectin-9 (HR 0.11, 95%CI 0.15-0.85, p = 0.010) levels were both associated with improved HCC-specific survival. Surprisingly, there was no correlation between circulating levels of PD-L1 and Galectin-9 and their intra-tumoral expression levels. In fact, circulating levels of PD-L1 and Galectin-9 were predictive of HCC-specific survival independently of intra-tumoral levels and baseline clinicopathologic characteristics. Combined analysis of circulating levels and intra-tumoral expression of PD-L1 (HR 0.33, 95%CI 0.16-0.68, p = 0.002) and Galectin-9 (HR 0.27, 95%CI 0.13-0.57, p = 0.001) resulted in more confident prediction of survival. In conclusion, circulating PD-L1 and Galectin-9 levels prognostically differentiate resected HCC patients, independently of their intra-tumoral expression. Combining circulating and intra-tumoral expression levels of PD-L1 or Galectin-9 further improves the prognostic values of these immune biomarkers.
Hydraulic transmissivity inferred from ice-sheet relaxation following Greenland supraglacial lake drainages (2021)

Surface meltwater reaching the base of the Greenland Ice Sheet transits through drainage networks, modulating the flow of the ice sheet. Dye and gas-tracing studies conducted in the western margin sector of the ice sheet have directly observed drainage efficiency to evolve seasonally along the drainage pathway. However, the local evolution of drainage systems further inland, where ice thicknesses exceed 1000 m, remains largely unknown. Here, we infer drainage system transmissivity based on surface uplift relaxation following rapid lake drainage events. Combining field observations of five lake drainage events with a mathematical model and laboratory experiments, we show that the surface uplift decreases exponentially with time, as the water in the blister formed beneath the drained lake permeates through the subglacial drainage system. This deflation obeys a universal relaxation law with a timescale that reveals hydraulic transmissivity and indicates a two-order-of-magnitude increase in subglacial transmissivity (from 0.8 ± 0.3 [Formula: see text] to 215 ± 90.2 [Formula: see text]) as the melt season progresses, suggesting significant changes in basal hydrology beneath the lakes driven by seasonal meltwater input.
Performance of the modular multilevel converter with redundant submodules (2015)

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is the state-of-the-art voltage-source converter (VSC) topology used for various power-conversion applications. In the MMC, submodule failures can occur due to various reasons. Therefore, additional submodules called the redundant submodules are included in the arms of the MMC to fulfill the fault-safe operation requirement. The performance of the MMC with redundant submodules has not been widely covered in the published literature. This paper investigates the performance of the MMC with redundant submodules in the arms. Two different control strategies are used and compared for integrating redundant submodules. The response of the MMC to a submodule failure for the two strategies is also studied. Moreover, the operation of the MMC with redundant submodules is validated experimentally using the converter prototype in the laboratory.
Joint spatial survival modeling for the age at diagnosis and the vital outcome of prostate cancer (2008)

Prostate cancer (PrCA) is the most common malignancy in men and a leading cause of cancer mortality among males in the United States. Large geographical variation and racial disparities exist in both the incidence of PrCA and the survival rate after diagnosis. In this population-based study, a joint spatial survival model is constructed to investigate factors that affect the age at diagnosis of PrCA and the subsequent survival. The joint model for these two time-to-event outcomes is specified through parametric models for age at diagnosis and survival time conditional on diagnosis age. To account for possible correlation in these outcomes among men from the same geographical region, frailty terms are included in the survival model. Both spatially correlated and uncorrelated frailties are incorporated in each model considered. The deviance information criterion is used to select a best-fitting model within the Bayesian framework. The results from our final best-fitting model indicate that race, marital status at diagnosis, and cancer stage are significantly associated with both of the two time-to-event outcomes. No pattern emerged in the geographical distribution of age at PrCA diagnosis. In contrast, a spatially clustered pattern was observed in the geographic distribution of survival experience post diagnosis.