gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and Thermomechanical Properties of Polyurethane Block Copolymers with Shape Memory Effect (2001)

Shape memory polyurethane (PU) block copolymers composed of 4,4‘-methylenebis(phenylisocyanate), poly(tetramethylene glycol), and 1,4-butanediol as a chain extender were synthesized by a two-step process. FT-IR spectra showed that carbonyl peak appearing at 1700 cm-1 increased with higher hard segment content, whereas another carbonyl peak at 1730 cm-1 decreased. It suggests that hard segments get more aggregated to form domains in the PU block copolymer as hard segment content increases. Such domain formation has a significant influence on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of PU, such as maximum stress, tensile modulus, and elongation at break. Especially, maximum stress, tensile modulus, and elongation at break increased significantly at 30 wt % of hard segment content, and the highest loss tangent was observed at the same composition. Heat of crystallization as measured by differential scanning calorimetry is also dependent on the hard segment content. Finally, 80−95% of shape recovery was obtained at 30−45 wt % of hard segment content, and the control of hard segment content in PU block copolymers is very important in determining their physical properties.
Treatment Outcomes and Resistance Patterns of Children and Adolescents on Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Asia (2016)

One-fourth of children developed VF while on second-line ART. However, few developed major mutations to protease inhibitors.
CensorSpoofer: Asymmetric Communication with IP Spoofing for Censorship-Resistant Web Browsing (2012)

A key challenge in censorship-resistant web browsing is being able to direct legitimate users to redirection proxies while preventing censors, posing as insiders, from discovering their addresses and blocking them. We propose a new framework for censorship-resistant web browsing called {\it CensorSpoofer} that addresses this challenge by exploiting the asymmetric nature of web browsing traffic and making use of IP spoofing. CensorSpoofer de-couples the upstream and downstream channels, using a low-bandwidth indirect channel for delivering outbound requests (URLs) and a high-bandwidth direct channel for downloading web content. The upstream channel hides the request contents using steganographic encoding within email or instant messages, whereas the downstream channel uses IP address spoofing so that the real address of the proxies is not revealed either to legitimate users or censors. We built a proof-of-concept prototype that uses encrypted VoIP for this downstream channel and demonstrated the feasibility of using the CensorSpoofer framework in a realistic environment.
Optimization of Heat-Dried Silane Application for CAD/CAM Ceramic Resin Bonding (2018)

Purpose. Evaluate surface treatments and silane application methods and their effect on shear bond strength (SBS) before and after aging. Materials and methods. Slices of IPS e.max CAD and Vitablocs Mark II, were embedded in acrylic resin. The block was randomly assigned to 5 groups; E:etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF), rinsing, followed by cleaning in ultrasonic bath; E/S:HFetching and cleaned as group E followed by silane application for 20s, air drying and hot drying; E/S+:HFetching and cleaned as group E, followed by silane application for 60s, air drying and hot air drying, rinsing with boiling water and hot air drying; S:silane application for 20s followed by air drying and hot air drying; S+:silane application for 60s followed by air drying, air drying and hot air drying, rinsing in boiling water and hot drying. Cylinders of composite resin (n=12) were bonded with adhesive. SBS testing was carried out after 24h or after thermocycling for groups E; E/S and E/S+. Results. For 24h SBS showed significantly higher mean bond strength with E/S, for both ceramic, compared to E and E/S+. The use of silane alone showed significantly lower mean bond strength. No significant differences were found between E/S and E/S+ for VITA. The SBS was negatively affected by simulated aging in E/S group and positively in E/S+. Conclusions. The association of HFetching and a heat-dried silane showed to be significant to obtain a high SBS. Furthermore, the optimized silane application is not relevant to the immediate SBS while it enhances after aging.
Sensory Evaluation of Virtual Haptic Push-Buttons (1994)

Abstract A virtual haptic push-button is a popular means for controlling computer applications in virtual environment. The sensory evaluations of virtual haptic push-buttons were carried out to investigate the relation between the impedance parameters of them and the operational feelings in order to design virtual switches comfortable to operate. A force-reflecting interface device called ‘SPICE’ was used in the experiments. The operational feelings were rated by semantic differential method, and were decomposed into two factors, ‘evaluation’ factor and ‘stiffness’ factor, by principal factor method. Then, the characteristics of virtual push-buttons which was highly appraised were found from the relations between the factor scores of each virtual push-button and its impedance parameters such as stiffness and initial load of spring, and damper viscosity.
Gravity-driven membrane filtration with compact second-life modules daily backwashed: An alternative to conventional ultrafiltration for centralized facilities (2023)

Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration is a strategic alternative to conventional ultrafiltration (UF) for the resilient production of drinking water via ultrafiltration when resources become scarce, given the low dependency on energy and chemicals, and longer membrane lifetime. Implementation at large scale requires the use of compact and low-cost membrane modules with high biopolymer removal capacity. We therefore evaluated (1) to what extent stable flux can be obtained with compact membrane modules, i.e., inside-out hollow fiber membranes, and frequent gravity-driven backwash, (2) whether we can reduce membrane expenses by effectively utilizing second-life UF modules, i.e., modules that have been discarded by treatment plant operators because they are no longer under warranty, (3) if biopolymer removal could be maintained when applying a frequent backwash and with second-life modules and (4) which GDM filtration scenarios are economically viable compared to conventional UF, when considering the influence of new or second-life modules, membrane lifetime, stable flux value and energy pricing. Our findings showed that it was possible to maintain stable fluxes around 10 L/m<sup>2</sup>/h with both new and second-life modules for 142 days, but a daily gravity-driven backwash was necessary and sufficient to compensate the continuous flux drop observed with compact modules. In addition, the backwash did not affect the biopolymer removal. Costs calculations revealed two significant findings: (1) using second-life modules made GDM filtration membrane investment less expensive than conventional UF, despite the higher module requirements for GDM filtration and (2) overall costs of GDM filtration with a gravity-driven backwash were unaffected by energy prices rise, while conventional UF costs rose significantly. The later increased the number of economically viable GDM filtration scenarios, including scenarios with new modules. In summary, we proposed an approach that could make GDM filtration in centralized facilities feasible and increase the range of UF operating conditions to better adapt to increasing environmental and societal constraints.
The Role of Human Growth Hormone in the Regulation of Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism* (1983)

Cholesterol and bile acid metabolism was studied in 16 children with human GH (hGH) deficiency (11 with isolated hGH deficiency and 5 with multiple trophic hormone deficiency) before and after 6 months of hGH therapy. We measured plasma lipid concentrations, biliary lipid composition, and cholesterol saturation indices; calculated the bile acid pool size measured by the isotopic dilution technique using the stable isotope chenodeoxycholic-[11,12-d2] acid; and measured cholesterol and bile acid synthetic rates by sterol balance techniques. In all 16 patients, plasmas lipid concentrations were unchanged after hGH therapy; total plasma cholesterol was 182 +/- 10 (+/-SEM) mg/dl before and 179 +/- 9 mg/dl after treatment, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was 47 +/- 2 mg/dl before and 49 +/- 3 mg/dl after treatment, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol was 112 +/- 10 mg/dl before and 111 +/- 8 mg/dl after therapy, and triglyceride was 113 +/- 13 mg/dl before and 107 +/- 10 mg/dl after hGH therapy. Biliary lipid composition and cholesterol saturation in 10 patients were similar to those in controls and unchanged with hGH therapy. Cholesterol synthesis (n = 14) was unchanged (7.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 9.6 +/- 1.2 mg/kg X day); however, bile acid synthesis (n = 15) increased from 3.1 +/- 0.4 to 4.3 +/- 0.6 mg/kg X day (P less than 0.025) after therapy. The chenodeoxycholate pool size (n = 8) was significantly reduced (P less than 0.025) before hGH treatment (416 +/- 64 mg/m2) compared to that in controls (617 +/- 45 mg/m2) and increased to 620 +/- 72 mg/m2 after hGH therapy (P less than 0.05). Chenodeoxycholate pool size expansion during hGH therapy was, at least in part, caused by an increase in hepatic bile acid synthesis. These findings suggest that hGH may indirectly modulate cholesterol metabolism through regulation of hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity, the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid synthesis.
Solid-phase synthesis and electrochemical pseudo-capacitance of nitrogen-atom interstitial compound Co3N (2018)

This work demonstrates the first application of Co<sub>3</sub>N as an electrode material for supercapacitors.
Measurement of post‐void residual urine (2014)

Measurement of PVR is recommended in guidelines and recommendations on the management of LUTS and urinary incontinence, but the level of evidence for this measurement is not high. This manuscript summarizes the evidence and provides practice recommendations for teaching purposes in the framework of an ICS teaching module.
Path-loss and time dispersion parameters for indoor UWB propagation (2006)

The propagation of ultra wideband (UWB) signals in indoor environments is an important issue with significant impacts on the future direction and scope of the UWB technology and its applications. The objective of this work is to obtain a better assessment of the potentials of UWB indoor communications by characterizing the UWB indoor communication channels. Channel characterization refers to extracting the channel parameters from measured data. An indoor UWB measurement campaign is undertaken. Time-domain indoor propagation measurements using pulses with less than 100 ps width are carried out. Typical indoor scenarios, including line-of-sight (LOS), non-line-of-sight (NLOS), room-to-room, within-the-room, and hallways, are considered. Results for indoor propagation measurements are presented for local power delay profiles (local PDP) and small-scale averaged power delay profiles (SSA-PDP). Site-specific trends and general observations are discussed. The results for path-loss exponent and time dispersion parameters are presented.
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width to Platelet Count Ratio Facilitates Preoperative Prediction of Recurrence in Surgically Treated Chronic Subdural Hematoma (2022)

The present findings suggest RPR as a novel inflammatory biomarker enabling risk stratification of recurrence after burr hole surgery for cSDH and might facilitate tailored medical decision making.
Feeding Bioenergy Coproducts to Swine: Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) (2007)

Iowa is a leader in both corn production and the milling of corn into ethanol. As of April 2007, Iowa had 23 corn ethanol plants and 20 more plants under construction and planning stages. In 2006, approximately 650 bushels of Iowa corn was milled by corn ethanol plants.\nThe primary coproduct of dry-milling ethanol plants is distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). In Iowa, the primary grain used is corn that is fermented and alcohol is collected by distillation. Through the fermentation process, much of the starch in corn is removed and the remaining corn nutrients are concentrated in the coproduct. The remaining coproduct is DDGS, which is an excellent feed for many species including swine.
GaAs nanobeam piezo-optomechanical crystals (2015)

We demonstrate GaAs optomechanical crystals with large coupling rates (g0/2π ≈1.1MHz) through the photoelastic effect. We show a significant (≈30%) orientation dependence of g0, observe 2.5 GHz regenerative oscillations, and explore excitation via piezoelectrically-driven surface-acoustic-waves.
Interferometric-probe aberration monitor performance in the production environment (2004)

The performance of pattern and probe-based aberration monitors in the production environment, designed to measure individual Zernike aberration terms in 248nm wavelength high-NA (0.80) exposure tools is investigated via printed resist images. The results demonstrate the measurement operation of these monitors compared to their performance as designed through simulation, tightening the measurement accuracy of the focus monitor to 17nm or better than 1/10 of the Rayleigh depth of focus. The data shows a characteristic 50nm variation in focus across the field of the exposure tool. A comprehensive electric-field vector addition model of target operation is presented and shows how the center of the defocus target suffers from a lack of orthogonality to the normal proximity effect spillover. The target designed to detect coma aberration was investigated in-depth, but it continues to print in an unexpected manner, likely due to the electromagnetic performance of the mask and high-NA vector imaging effects. Finally, the target designed to measure spherical aberration was examined, but no noticeable spherical aberration signature/response was detected.
Estimation of the entropy of seismic ambient noise: Application to passive imaging (2017)

Recovering Green’s functions from diffuse ambient noise correlation is an efficient technique for passive seismic imaging. However, the field diffuseness is not completely fulfilled in practice because the noise is generated in preferential areas and contaminated by some highly coherent signals due to earthquakes, for instance. Here we show that the noise entropy is a robust estimator of the diffuseness. In the first part, we directly use the entropy as a metric of seismic noise activity to detect tremors around Piton de la Fournaise Volcano or highly coherent noise sources at continental scale using data collected by USArray seismic array. Then in the second part, we take the benefit of the entropy to propose an original equalization process based on the analysis of the covariance matrix to mitigate the effect a poorly diffuse noise field. The efficiency of the method is validated with several numerical tests. We apply the method to the data collected by the USArray, when a strong earthquake occurred. The method shows a clear improvement compared with the classical equalization to attenuate the highly energetic and coherent waves incoming from the earthquake, and allows to perform reliable travel-time measurement.
Highly selective fluorimetric determination of acidic amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography following intramolecular excimer-forming derivatization with a pyrene-labeling reagent (2003)

エキシマー蛍光誘導体化-高速液体クロマトグラフ（HPLC）法による酸性アミノ酸（グルタミン酸，アスパラギン酸及びN-メチル-D-アスパラギン酸）の高選択的定量法の開発を行った．酸性アミノ酸は，1-エチル-3-（3-ジメチルアミノプロピル）カルボジイミド及びピリジンの存在下，4-（1-ピレン）酪酸ヒドラジドとの反応により対応するジピレン誘導体となり，ピレン通常の蛍光領域（360～420 nm）より長波長域のエキシマー蛍光（440～540 nm）を発した．反応液を，67％（v/v）アセトニトリルを移動相とする逆相HPLCで分離した後，エキシマー蛍光検出を行うことで，誘導体化試薬やモノカルボン酸に由来するモノピレン化合物の妨害をほとんど受けることなく，酸性アミノ酸の高選択的分析が可能となった．本法による酸性アミノ酸の検出限界（S/N＝3）は，注入量20 μl当たり，数十fmolレベルであった．
Ketogenic diets slow melanoma growth in vivo regardless of tumor genetics and metabolic plasticity (2022)

Ketogenic diets induced antitumor effects toward melanoma regardless of the tumors´ genetic background, its metabolic signature, and the host immune status. Moreover, ketogenic diets simultaneously affected multiple metabolic pathways to create an unfavorable environment for melanoma cell proliferation, supporting their potential as a complementary nutritional approach to melanoma therapy.
A new method to assess eye dominance (2008)

"People usually show a stable preference for one of their eyes whenmonocular viewing is required (sighting dominance) or under dichopticstimulation conditions (sensory eye-dominance). Current procedures toassess this eye dominance are prone to error. Here we present a newmethod that provides a continuous measure of eye dominance andovercomes limitations of previous procedures. We presented dichopticstreams of randomly selected alphanumeric characters at rates around 5 Hzand asked observers to detect a particular character. In most subjects, thedichoptic streams of letters did not perceptually overlap, instead manyparticipants were never aware that two letters were always presented.Interocular differences in target detection were evident in most observers,thus targets presented to one eye were always detected while targetspresented to the other eye were generally missed. These interoculardifferences (i.e., eye dominance), were normally distributed and showedhigh test-retest reliability."
Application of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) to measure multidimensional anti-influenza IgG antibodies by the mPlex-Flu assay (2019)

<i>Introduction</i>: Recently, volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) has been used for accurate sampling of a fixed peripheral blood volume (10 µL) on a volumetric swab, and long-term sample storage. The mPlex-Flu assay is a novel, high-throughput assay that simultaneously measures the concentration of antibodies against the hemagglutinin (HA) proteins from multiple influenza virus strains with ≤5 µL of serum. Here we describe combining these two methods to measure multidimensional anti-influenza IgG activity in whole blood samples collected by a finger stick and VAMS, with correction for serum volume based on simultaneous hemoglobin measurement. <i>Methods</i>: We compared capillary blood samples obtained from a finger stick using a VAMS device with serum samples collected by traditional phlebotomy from 20 subjects, with the influenza antibody profiles measured by the mPlex-Flu assay. <i>Results</i>: We found that results with the two sampling methods were highly correlated within subjects and across all influenza strains (mean <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.9470). Adjustment for serum volume, based on hemaglobin measurement, was used to estimate serum volume of samples and improved the accuracy. IgG measurements were stable over 3 weeks when VAMS samples were stored at room temperature or transported using a variety of shipping methods. Additionally, when volunteers performed finger-stick VAMS at-home by themselves, the comparison results of anti-HA antibody concentrations were highly consistent with sampling performed by study personnel on-site (<i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.9496). <i>Conclusions</i>: This novel approach can provide a simple, accurate, and low-cost means for monitoring the IgG anti-influenza HA antibody responses in large population studies and clinical trials.
Why IEEE 1394 (&#x201C;FireWire&#x201D;) might not be a perfect choice for factory automation today - a case study from the printing industry (2008)

Only a couple of years ago IEEE 1394 and derivatives were seen as a promising alternative to already well established standards in industrial communications or even military avionics. Right now it has become pretty quiet around IEEE 1394. This contribution presents why the digital printing industry chose IEEE 1394 and how it tried to adopt it. It then describes the problems the industry stumbled upon and it why these problems are also relevant to other industrial applications. To some extend this showcase adoption process and its problems even seem to be similar to some of todaypsilas realtime Ethernet issues.
User's guide to the SEPHIS computer code for calculating the Thorex solvent extraction system (1979)

The SEPHIS computer program was developed to simulate the countercurrent solvent extraction process. The code has now been adapted to model the Acid Thorex flow sheet. This report represents a practical user's guide to SEPHIS - Thorex containing a program description, user information, program listing, and sample input and output.
Blast-induced phenotypic switching in cerebral vasospasm (2011)

Vasospasm of the cerebrovasculature is a common manifestation of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) reported among combat casualties in the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. Cerebral vasospasm occurs more frequently, and with earlier onset, in bTBI patients than in patients with other TBI injury modes, such as blunt force trauma. Though vasospasm is usually associated with the presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), SAH is not required for vasospasm in bTBI, which suggests that the unique mechanics of blast injury could potentiate vasospasm onset, accounting for the increased incidence. Here, using theoretical and in vitro models, we show that a single rapid mechanical insult can induce vascular hypercontractility and remodeling, indicative of vasospasm initiation. We employed high-velocity stretching of engineered arterial lamellae to simulate the mechanical forces of a blast pulse on the vasculature. An hour after a simulated blast, injured tissues displayed altered intracellular calcium dynamics leading to hypersensitivity to contractile stimulus with endothelin-1. One day after simulated blast, tissues exhibited blast force dependent prolonged hypercontraction and vascular smooth muscle phenotype switching, indicative of remodeling. These results suggest that an acute, blast-like injury is sufficient to induce a hypercontraction-induced genetic switch that potentiates vascular remodeling, and cerebral vasospasm, in bTBI patients.
In vitro reconstitution of a heterotrimeric nucleoporin complex consisting of recombinant Nsp1p, Nup49p, and Nup57p. (1997)

The yeast nucleoporins Nsp1p, Nup49p, and Nup57p form a complex at the nuclear pores which is involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. To investigate the molecular basis underlying complex formation, recombinant full-length Nup49p and Nup57p and the carboxyl-terminal domain of Nsp1p, which lacks the FXFG repeat domain, were expressed in Escherichia coli. When the three purified proteins were mixed together, they spontaneously associated to form a 150-kDa complex of 1:1:1 stoichiometry. In this trimeric complex, Nup57p fulfills the role of an organizing center, to which Nup49p and Nsp1p individually bind. For this interaction to occur, only two heptad repeat regions of the Nsp1p carboxyl-terminal domain are required, each region being about 50 amino acids in length. Finally, the reconstituted complex has the capability to bind to full-length Nic96p but not to mutant forms which also do not interact in vivo. When added to permeabilized yeast cells, the complex associates with the nuclear envelope and the nuclear pores. We conclude that Nsp1p, Nup49p, and Nup57p can reconstitute a complex in vitro which is competent for further assembly with other components of nuclear pores.