gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aggregation and Aggregate Stability in Forest and Range Soils (1988)

Abstract A simple method for measuring aggregation and aggregate stability across soils of widely varying structure and texture is presented. The method uses standard techniques of particle‐size analysis to measure yield of fine particles (&lt;26‐µm estimated spherical diam.) after three types of dispersion treatments: shaking in water or in sodium oxalate (Ox), and sonication in sodium pyrophosphate (PPi). PPi sonication, which provided maximum dispersion, served as our benchmark; it was substantially more effective than the commonly used stirring in hexametaphosphate. Aggregation was then calculated as yield of fines after PPi sonication minus yield of fines after the water shake, the minimum dispersion treatment. Aggregate stability was measured by comparing yield of fines after the Ox shake, the mild dispersion treatment, with that after the water shake; aggregate instability was then calculated. The five soils studied varied markedly in both aggregation and aggregate stability, suggesting that mechanisms of aggregate stabilization differ markedly across soil types. Despite these differences, our method of quantifying mild dispersion by shaking with Ox, which should have negligible effect on subsequent microbiological studies, relative to complete dispersion by PPi sonication should be consistent and applicable over a reasonably wide range of soil types.
Expanding the protein catalogue in the proteome reference map of human breast cancer cells (2006)

In this report we present a catalogue of 162 proteins (including isoforms and variants) identified in a prototype of proteomic map of breast cancer cells. This work represents the prosecution of previous studies describing the protein complement of breast cancer cells of the line 8701-BC, which has been well characterized for several parameters, providing to be a useful model for the study of breast cancer-associated candidate biomarkers. In particular, 110 spots were identified ex novo by PMF, or validated following previous gel matching identification method; 30 were identified by N-terminal microsequencing and the remaining by gel matching with maps available from our former work. As a consequence of the expanded number of proteins, we have updated our previous classification extending the number of protein groups from 4 to 13. In order to facilitate comparative proteome studies of different kinds of breast cancers, in this report we provide the whole complement of proteins so far identified and grouped into the new classification. A consistent number of them were not described before in other proteomic maps of breast cancer cells or tissues, and therefore they represent a valuable contribution for breast cancer protein databases and for future application in basic and clinical researches.
Quantitative determination of cis-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzamide and three of its metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. (1993)

A sensitive HPLC method was developed for simultaneous quantitation of cis-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]-benzamide and three of its metabolites in dog plasma. The method involved selective solid-phase extraction of the compounds of interest from dog plasma and HPLC separation of the analytes on a cyano column. Absorbance of the column effluent was monitored at 230 nm by a UV detector. The analytical procedure has a linear range of 10 ng/mL to 20 micrograms/mL, with a low limit of quantitation of 10 ng/mL for each analyte. The accuracy and intra- and interassay precision for each compound were < or = 11% in the concentration range evaluated. Applicability of this method to the quantitation of 1 and its metabolites was assessed in a preclinical pharmacokinetic study.
Strategies for gripper design and selection in robotic assembly (1991)

Abstract The gripper is the mechanical interface between the robot and its environment. Without it, the robot cannot perform the pick-and-place functions needed for assembly tasks. As with other peripheral equipment, grippers should have sufficient versatility to deal with the variety of parts an assembly robot has to handle. Yet the cost of grippers and peripherals should not be so high as to render a robotic assembly application uneconomic. This paper focuses on strategies to achieve versatile and cost-effective gripping. The three main sections of the paper cover existing techniques for making grippers more flexible, a strategy for minimizing the required number of grippers through part-family grouping, and a strategy for selecting and using grippers based on knowledge-engineering methodology.
Lightweight, Multifunctional Polyetherimide/Graphene@Fe3O4Composite Foams for Shielding of Electromagnetic Pollution (2013)

Novel high-performance polyetherimide (PEI)/graphene@Fe3O4 (G@Fe3O4) composite foams with flexible character and low density of about 0.28-0.4 g/cm(3) have been developed by using a phase separation method. The obtained PEI/G@Fe3O4 foam with G@Fe3O4 loading of 10 wt % exhibited excellent specific EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of ~41.5 dB/(g/cm(3)) at 8-12 GHz. Moreover, most the applied microwave was verified to be absorbed rather than being reflected back, resulting from the improved impedance matching, electromagnetic wave attenuation, as well as multiple reflections. Meanwhile, the resulting foams also possessed a superparamagnetic behavior and low thermal conductiviy of 0.042-0.071 W/(m K). This technique is fast, highly reproducible, and scalable, which may facilitate the commercialization of such composite foams and generalize the use of them as EMI shielding materials in the fields of spacecraft and aircraft.
Live recombinant Lactococcus lactis vaccine expressing aerolysin genes D1 and D4 for protection against Aeromonas hydrophila in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (2010)

The D1 and D4 regions of the aerolysin protein have been successfully identified as immunogenic regions that can elicit antibody production in tilapia and protect against challenge with Aer. hydrophila. A promising oral vaccine using L. lactis harbouring the D1 and D4 regions has been developed to control Aer. hydrophila.
Production Efficiency and Telomere Length of the Cloned Pigs Following Serial Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (2008)

The aim of the present study was to examine the production efficiency of cloned pigs by serial somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and to ascertain any changes in the telomere lengths of multiple generations of pigs. Using fetal fibroblasts as the starting nuclear donor cells, porcine salivary gland progenitor cells were collected from the resultant first-generation cloned pigs to successively produce second- and third-generation clones, with no significant differences in production efficiency, which ranged from 1.4% (2/140) to 3.3% (13/391) among the 3 generations. The average telomere lengths (terminal restriction fragment values) for the first, second and third generation clones were 16.3, 18.1 and 20.5 kb, respectively, and were comparable to those in age-matched controls. These findings suggest that third-generation cloned pigs can be produced by serial somatic cell cloning without compromising production efficiency and that the telomere lengths of cloned pigs from the first to third generations are normal.
The Influence of Increasing Water Turbidity on Sea Surface Emissivity (2017)

High-precision measurement of sea surface temperature (SST) requires an accurate knowledge of sea surface emissivity (SSE). Many studies have found that the SST estimations in the coastal areas are less accurate than that in open seas, where water turbidity is negligible. Previous works regard SSE as a function of surface roughness and observation angle; however, works have rarely focused on the internal characteristic of water, such as its turbidity. Thus, this paper presents thermal infrared measurements of the emissivity of turbid water carried out under controlled conditions with a multichannel radiometer working in the 8-14-μm region. The results showed that measured emissivity values decreased with the increase of water turbidity. The decrease was tiny for lower suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations but a significance emissivity decrease with higher concentrations, especially at large observation angles. For instance, the difference between concentrations of 0 and 5000 mg/L manifested an average emissivity variation of 2.93% with 5000 mg/L at a viewing angle of 55°, depending on the radiometer spectral channels. And, a parametric relationship of emissivity in terms of SPM concentration was established in this paper. The impact of ignoring water turbidity on SST, using SST algorithms and a case of satellite retrievals, was analyzed. It was indicated that there would be an SST error lower than 0.2 °C at SPM concentrations less than 1000 mg/L and that SST deviations would reach values up to almost 0.5 °C-0.6 °C at 5000 mg/L, even higher than 1 °C at large angles for a given atmospheric water vapor content less than 4 g/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Dancing sprites: Detailed analysis of two case studies (2017)

Abstract On 29–30 October 2013, a low‐light video camera installed at Pic du Midi (2877 m), recorded transient luminous events above a very active storm over the Mediterranean Sea. The minimum cloud top temperature reached −73°C, while its cloud to ground (CG) flash rate exceeded 30 fl min −1 . Some sprite events have long duration and resemble to dancing sprites. We analyze in detail the temporal evolution and estimated location of two series of sprite sequences, as well as the cloud structure, the lightning activity, the electric field radiated in a broad range of low frequencies, and the current moment waveform of the lightning strokes. (i) In each series, successive sprite sequences reflect time and location of corresponding positive lightning strokes across the stratiform region. (ii) The longer time‐delayed (&gt;20 ms) sprite elements correspond to the lower impulsive charge moment changes (iCMC) of the parent strokes (&lt;200 C km), and they are shifted few tens of kilometers from their SP + CG stroke. However, both short and long time‐delayed sprite elements also occur after strokes that produce a large iCMC and that are followed by a continuing current. (iii) The long time‐delayed sprite elements during the continuing current correspond to surges in the current moment waveform. They occur sometimes at an altitude apparently lower than the previous short time‐delayed sprite elements, possibly because of changes in the local conductivity. (iv) The largest and brightest sprite elements produce significant current signatures, visible when their delay is not too short (~3–5 ms).
Comparing motion- and imagery-related activation in the human cerebellum: A functional MRI study (1998)

Cerebellar activation during execution and imagination of a finger movement was compared. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to detect cerebellar activation during execution and imagination of an untrained self-paced finger-to-thumb movement (left and right hand separately). The four fingers were opposed to the thumb in changing sequences freely chosen by the subjects. The activation maps of 10 right-handed healthy subjects were averaged after transformation into a common coordinate space. Averaged activation maps revealed strong motion-related bilateral activation in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and in the paravermal regions of the posterior lobe. Ipsilateral activity predominated significantly. Compared to motion, imagination of the same task produced lower signal changes, and foci were more variable in position and strength. The averaged activation maps showed activity in the same regions as in motion. Activation in the posterior cerebellar lobe was more prominent extending into the lateral hemispheres. Ipsilateral dominance was significant for right-hand imagery. The left-hand task only showed marginally stronger ipsilateral activation. The activation pattern observed during execution of the finger-to-thumb movement is in agreement with theories of functional cerebellar topography. For imagery, activation at a comparable location may reflect common functionality, e.g., motor preparation and/or timing. Additional activation in the lateral hemispheres may be related to an imagery-specific function.
Clinical Scoring Systems in Predicting the Outcomes of Small Bowel Bleeding (2020)

Background: The aim was to assess the clinical Glasgow–Blatchford score (GBS), Rockall score (CRS), and AIMS65 score in predicting outcomes (rebleeding, need for intervention, and length of stay) among patients with small bowel hemorrhage. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with small bowel bleeding (SBB). Rebleeding, need for intervention, and length of stay was investigated by 3 scoring systems. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was used to analyze the performance of 3 scoring systems. Results: Among 162 included patients, the scores of rebleeding, intervention, and length of stay ≥10 days groups were higher than no rebleeding, non-intervention, and length of stay &lt;10 days groups, respectively (P &lt; .05). The CRS, GBS, and AIMS65 scoring systems demonstrated statistically significant difference in predicting rebleeding (AUROC 0.693 vs. 0.790 vs. 0.740; all P &lt; .01), intervention (AUROC: 0.726 vs. 0.825 vs. 0.773; all P &lt; .01) and length of stay (AUROC 0.651 vs. 0.631 vs. 0.635; all P &lt; .05). Higher cut-off scores achieved better sensitivity/specificity [rebleeding (CRS &gt; 2, GBS &gt; 7, AIMS65 &gt; 0); need for intervention (CRS &gt; 2, GBS &gt; 7, AIMS65 &gt; 0); length of stay (CRS &gt; 0, GBS &gt; 7, AIMS65 &gt; 1)] in the risk stratification. Conclusions: The GBS system is reliable to be recommended for routine use in predicting rebleeding and the need for intervention for early decision making in patients with SBB. The 3 scoring systems are poorly useful in predicting length of stay.
Pathotypes in the Entomophaga grylli species complex of grasshopper pathogens differentiated with random amplification of polymorphic DNA and cloned-DNA probes (1995)

The zygomycetous fungus Entomophaga grylli is a pathogen that shows host-specific variance to grasshopper subfamilies. Three pathotypes of the E. grylli species complex were differentiated by three molecular techniques. In the first method, the three pathotypes showed different fragment patterns generated by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). There was little or no interisolate variability in RAPD fragment patterns within each pathotype. Passage of an isolate of pathotype 3, originally from an Australian grasshopper (Praxibulus sp.), through a North America grasshopper resulted in no differences in the resultant RAPD fragment patterns. In the second method, polymorphic RAPD fragments were used to probe the genomic DNA from the three pathotypes, and pathotype-specific fragments were found. In the third method, restriction fragments from genomic DNA of the three pathotypes were cloned and screened for pathotype specificity. A genomic probe specific for each pathotype was isolated. These probes did not hybridize to DNA from Entomophaga aulicae or from grasshoppers. To facilitate the use of RAPD analysis and other molecular tools to identify pathotypes, a method for extracting DNA from resting spores from infected grasshoppers was developed. The DNA from the fractured resting spores was of sufficient integrity to be blotted and probed with the pathotype-specific DNA probes, thus validating the use of these probes for pathotype identification in field-collected grasshoppers.
Effects of unilateral electromyostimulation superimposed on voluntary training on strength and cross‐sectional area (2009)

In this study we investigate the effects of unilateral voluntary contraction (VC) and electromyostimulation superimposed on VC (EV) training on maximal voluntary (MVC) force and cross-sectional area (CSA), as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging of knee extensors. Thirty young men were randomly assigned to either a control group (CG), VC group (VG), or EV group (EVG). The VG and EVG trained the right leg isometrically three sessions per week for 6 weeks. After training, MVC increased in the right leg in the VG and in both legs in the EVG, and EVG was significantly different from CG (all P < 0.01). Increased CSA was found only in the right leg in the VG and EVG (P < 0.01), and correlated with improvements of MVC (r = 0.49, P = 0.01). It appeared that the EV training was equally effective as VC at increasing MVC and CSA, while having a greater cross-education effect. Increased strength without muscle hypertrophy in the unexercised leg of the EVG indicated that neural adaptation was responsible for the cross-education effect.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Acids. Part 4. 1,2‐ Asymmetric Induction in the Alkylation of 1‐Benzoyl‐3,6(S)‐ dimethylperhydropyrimidin‐4‐one. Preparation of the Like and Unlike Stereoisomers of 2‐Methyl‐ and 2‐Benzyl‐3(S)‐aminobutanoic Acid. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Pyroelectric Technology For Linear Arrays</title> (1982)

This paper describes essentially three technologies that are involved in making self-scanning pyroelectric arrays. The first technology is that of the pyroelectric detector itself. The second is the technology of the multiplexing electronics used to read out the signal from the pyroelectric detector. The third technology is the hybrid integrated circuit technique of mating the two components together.
MR Carotid Plaque Imaging and Contrast-Enhanced MR Angiography Identifies Lesions Associated with Recent Ipsilateral Thromboembolic Symptoms: An In Vivo Study at 3T (2010)

Several plaque components identified on 3T MR imaging are correlated with recent ipsilateral carotid thromboembolic symptoms. These preliminary results also suggest that associations between plaque characteristics and symptom history may vary by degree of stenosis. If confirmed in larger studies, carotid MR imaging may distinguish stable from unstable lesions, particularly in individuals with mild/moderate stenosis in whom the role of surgical intervention is currently unclear.
Potent and selective covalent inhibition of the papain-like protease from SARS-CoV-2 (2023)

Direct-acting antivirals are needed to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The papain-like protease (PLpro) domain of Nsp3 from SARS-CoV-2 is essential for viral replication. In addition, PLpro dysregulates the host immune response by cleaving ubiquitin and interferon-stimulated gene 15 protein from host proteins. As a result, PLpro is a promising target for inhibition by small-molecule therapeutics. Here we design a series of covalent inhibitors by introducing a peptidomimetic linker and reactive electrophile onto analogs of the noncovalent PLpro inhibitor GRL0617. The most potent compound inhibits PLpro with k<sub>inact</sub>/K<sub>I</sub> = 9,600 M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, achieves sub-μM EC<sub>50</sub> values against three SARS-CoV-2 variants in mammalian cell lines, and does not inhibit a panel of human deubiquitinases (DUBs) at >30 μM concentrations of inhibitor. An X-ray co-crystal structure of the compound bound to PLpro validates our design strategy and establishes the molecular basis for covalent inhibition and selectivity against structurally similar human DUBs. These findings present an opportunity for further development of covalent PLpro inhibitors.
Real-time image manipulation using soft hardware (2002)

This paper discusses the use of restructurable hardware, specifically field programmable gate arrays, in real-time image processing and manipulation tasks such as convolution filtering, scaling and rotation, composition, color space transformation, etc. Each of these functions can be implemented using a customized pipeline design to obtain a high degree of parallelism and thus high performance. In this work, we show how a simple arrangement of FPGAs and memory can be used to synthesize a wide variety of image processing pipelines having different topologies and functionality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing (2005)

Fully updated and expanded, Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing, Second Edition, offers comprehensive coverage of the basic digital signal processing techniques and technologies on which virtually all modern radar systems rely, including target and interference models, matched filtering, waveform design, Doppler processing, threshold detection, and measurement accuracy. The methods and interpretations of linear systems, filtering, sampling, and Fourier analysis are used throughout to provide a unified tutorial approach. End-of-chapter problems reinforce the material covered. Developed over many years of academic and professional education, this authoritative resource is ideal for graduate students as well as practicing engineers
Towards Scaling Up Classification-Based Speech Separation (2013)

Formulating speech separation as a binary classification problem has been shown to be effective. While good separation performance is achieved in matched test conditions using kernel support vector machines (SVMs), separation in unmatched conditions involving new speakers and environments remains a big challenge. A simple yet effective method to cope with the mismatch is to include many different acoustic conditions into the training set. However, large-scale training is almost intractable for kernel machines due to computational complexity. To enable training on relatively large datasets, we propose to learn more linearly separable and discriminative features from raw acoustic features and train linear SVMs, which are much easier and faster to train than kernel SVMs. For feature learning, we employ standard pre-trained deep neural networks (DNNs). The proposed DNN-SVM system is trained on a variety of acoustic conditions within a reasonable amount of time. Experiments on various test mixtures demonstrate good generalization to unseen speakers and background noises.
Synthesis and calorimetric curing study of amino‐terminated PEEK oligomers (1992)

Abstract Amino‐terminated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) oligomers were prepared by the condensation of 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone and hydroquinone in the presence of a calculated excess of m ‐aminophenol endblocker. The molecular weight of the oligomer was controlled by the manipulation of the ratio of difluoride to hydroquinone with the appropriate stoichiometric amount of m ‐aminophenol ensuring amino termination. The thermally induced self‐crosslinking of these oligomers was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Curing was found to be quite slow, taking up to 1 h to reach completion at 668 K. Cured materials were all completely amorphous in contrast to the semi‐crystalline starting material. The limiting T g reached on curing was found to be proportional to the percentage of reactive terminal groups, as would be expected.