gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controllable Synthesis of Ruthenium Phosphides (RuP and RuP2) for pH-Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2018)

Metal phosphides are promising efficient non-Pt electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we report a simple strategy to controllably synthesize pure RuP and RuP2 and evaluate their HER performances in all pH range. Different from other transition metal phosphides, the HER performance of the RuPx in all pH range obviously improves as the phosphorus content decreases. By systematic research, it has been found that the RuP-475 with more Ru had much better conductivity and more catalytically active sites than the P rich RuP2-550. In addition, the RuP-475 exhibits excellent HER performance with small overpotential at a current density of 10 mA cm–2 (46, 47, 22 mV in pH 0, 7, and 14, respectively).
Digital image mosaics of the nearshore coastal waters of selected areas on the Hawaiian Islands of Hawai'i, Maui, Moloka'i, and O'ahu using aerial photographs and SHOALS airborne lidar bathymetry data (2016)

The lack of geographic and thematic maps of coral reefs limits our understanding of reefs and our ability to assess change. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has the capability to compile digital image mosaics that are useful for creating detailed map products. Image maps covering the shallow near-shore coastal waters have been produced for several of the main Hawaiian Islands, including Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, and Oahu and are presented in JPEG2000 (.jp2) format. The digital-image mosaics were generated by first scanning historical aerial photographs. At the time, available satellite image resolutions were not acceptable and the aerial photographs used were the best option. The individually scanned digital images were tone-and color-matched and then digitally mosaicked together using spatial matching. Separately, black and white digital orthophoto quads (DOQs) or digital raster graphics (DRGs) of the same areas were merged with shaded-relief images generated from lidar bathymetry data. The resulting black and white images covering both near-shore coastal waters and on-land areas became the geometric masters for the mosaics generated from the aerial photographs. The aerial-photograph mosaics were geometrically corrected to overlay the master data set by using hundreds of image-to-image geometric control points and slaving the mosaic onto the master. The USGS has been investigating the use of remotely sensed image and spatial data to help map and study coral reef environments. Interpretation of these data is corroborated by extensive field mapping and correlation with field measured distribution and density of coral cover and other coral reef cover types. An immediate result of this effort was the generation of very-high spatial resolution georeferenced image maps of critical coral reef habitat areas being studied by the USGS and others.
A pseudo ramp manager workstation for the laboratory development of airline-ATC collaborative arrival planning tools (2002)

Significant changes to air traffic management and the relationship between the air traffic control (ATC) service provider and the system user are expected as the government/industry "free-flight" initiative begins to take hold. Under the free-flight paradigm, airspace users would select their own path and speed in real-time, with air traffic control imposing restrictions only when necessary. Shared decision making and collaboration between system users and service providers would be a central tenet, allowing increased flexibility of air traffic management operations and allowing system users to operate in their preferred manner. Automation decision support tools will play a critical role in assisting both airspace users and service providers in operating in the free-flight environment. Essential to the development of such new automation aids are laboratory simulations of such tools in the free-flight environment. In this work, an airline airport ramp manager workstation is described. The workstation was developed to support the laboratory simulation and development of collaborative airline-ATC aircraft arrival planning tools. Airline airport ramp towers at major "hub" airports orchestrate the arrival and departure of dozens of aircraft in rapid succession. Future decision support tools are being proposed that would allow the airline user to influence aircraft arrival characteristics for maximum operational benefit. Such characteristics include arrival sequencing and scheduling. The airline airport ramp manager workstation developed mocks essential aspects of airline systems commonly used at airport ramp towers to enable realistic simulations of new airline ramp tower decision support tools. The workstation presents a "Gantt chart" type display of arriving and departing aircraft sorted by airport gate, as typically used by "hub and spoke" air carriers in their airport ramp towers. The workstation employs a modern object-oriented design and is highly adaptable toward use in a variety of decision support tool simulations.
Non-Gender Safety Footwear: Fit and Function Evaluation. (1989)

Abstract : The Navy Clothing and Textile Research Facility (NCTRF) tested an array of 103 whole and half-sizes of Non-Sparking Safety Boots (MIL-B-87068), Chukka Safety Shoes (MIL-S-21894), Oxford (Safety) Dress Shoes (MIL-S-13192) for fit, function and comfort among Navy men and women operating at the Naval Training Center, Orlando, FL. Results of the test disclosed almost 100% of the male and female population can be satisfactorily fitted by each footwear's tariff. Essential for good fitting of the Navy population are an in-depth inventory of at least 62 sizes, a concept of fit that encourages issuing initially comfortable footwear as opposed to the break-in concept and use of the shoe-size fitting chart to estimate correct foot size. Cushion insoles enhanced the comfort of all footwear styles. Basic deficiencies were found in the fit and function of the women's dress shoe. In a sub-test, the chukka patterns precluded proper support and quickly caused blistered heels (regardless of careful fitting) among 30% of a female recruit group.
Infinite-server queues with Hawkes input (2017)

In this paper we study the number of customers in infinite-server queues with a self-exciting (Hawkes) arrival process. Initially we assume that service requirements are exponentially distributed and that the Hawkes arrival process is of a Markovian nature. We obtain a system of differential equations that characterizes the joint distribution of the arrival intensity and the number of customers. Moreover, we provide a recursive procedure that explicitly identifies (transient and stationary) moments. Subsequently, we allow for non-Markovian Hawkes arrival processes and non-exponential service times. By viewing the Hawkes process as a branching process, we find that the probability generating function of the number of customers in the system can be expressed in terms of the solution of a fixed-point equation. We also include various asymptotic results: we derive the tail of the distribution of the number of customers for the case that the intensity jumps of the Hawkes process are heavy-tailed, and we consider a heavy-traffic regime. We conclude the paper by discussing how our results can be used computationally and by verifying the numerical results via simulations.
Estudio de la producción beneficiado y comercialización de cacao para los sectores La López río Balao y Florida (2006)

The present work is part of the “Definitive studies of the Subproyecto Intercantonal of benefitted production and commercialization of cacao in the low areas of Pucara, Ponce Enriquez and Pijili, proposal that you development in Agreement with the M. I. Municipality of Ponce Enriquez, The University of Machala through the Department of Linking with the Community of the Ability of Agricultural Sciences and the Foundation Progress and Development PRODE, the project is financed by the PROLOCAL through funds of the Interamerican of Development Bank IDB.The surveys were carried out in the properties cacao of communities, La Lopez, Rio Balao and Florida belonging to the Canton Ponce Enriquez of the County of the Azuay, the outlined objectives were: OBJECTIVES: For the Component of: Study of the productive offer and commercialization cacao: 1. To diagnose the productive and commercial offer. 2. To propose the improvement continues of the productive system, and of the commercialization system. For the Component of: Study Partner - Organizational - Self-management: 1. To diagnose the structure organizational beneficiary. 2. To outline a structure partner - organizational for viable the installation of the project, with the support of a system of active, equal participation and empowered with all and each one of the potential partners of the sub-project. As a result of the integral diagnosis of the productive and commercial offer it comes off that the drop productivity of the area 6.71 qq/ha (fresh + dry) where they are the sectors La Lopez, Rio Balao and Florida; against 8.2 qq/average/country and 10 qq average in the area of Naranjal grove, the goal to the two years of intervention of the project a production of 9.02 qq /ha/year will be gotten in the whole area, average that will be competitive for the cacao producers. To achieve 35 increase% in the production it will be necessary a training process, technical attendance and permanent accompaniment to the cacao.39% of weaknesses exists in the aspect partner - organizational, for him which it has been planned the invigoration of the farmer's capacities and the necessity of forming an organizational structure, with artificial life approved by the organizations involved in the project.The intervention proposal is planned for two years of a training process and technical attendance, it will allow to improve the production levels, to implement the proposal of direct commercialization, the middlemen that absorb a great margin of utility without carrying out any investment type, eliminating for it will be implemented it a storing center located in Ponce Enriquez and administered by the same organization.
Renaturation of the allosteric phosphofructokinase from Escherichia coli. (1984)

The allosteric phosphofructokinase from Escherichia coli has been renatured after complete unfolding in concentrated guanidine hydrochloride. The enzyme regains both its catalytic and regulatory abilities quantitatively. The kinetics of reactivation are biphasic and are consistent with a two-step mechanism in which a monomolecular reaction precedes a bimolecular one. The presence of ATP during reactivation increases the rate at which phosphofructokinase is renatured; the second order rate constant of the bimolecular step increases from about 10(4) M-1 S-1 in the absence of ATP to about 2 X 10(5) M-1 S-1 in the presence of 1 mM ATP. The other ligands of the enzyme have no effect on reactivation. It is tentatively proposed that a folded monomer is the intermediate species which already possesses a functional ATP-binding site and that the rate-limiting association step is the formation of dimeric species. This interpretation is compatible with the known three-dimensional structure of another bacterial phosphofructokinase, that from Bacillus stearothermophilus.
Innate Cellular Response to Virus Particle Entry Requires IRF3 but Not Virus Replication (2004)

Mammalian cells respond to virus infections by eliciting both innate and adaptive immune responses. One of the most effective innate antiviral responses is the production of alpha/beta interferon and the subsequent induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), whose products collectively limit virus replication and spread. Following viral infection, interferon is produced in a biphasic fashion that involves a number of transcription factors, including the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) 1, 3, 7, and 9. In addition, virus infection has been shown to directly induce ISGs in the absence of prior interferon production through the activation of IRF3. This process is believed to require virus replication and results in IRF3 hyperphosphorylation, nuclear localization, and proteasome-mediated degradation. Previously, we and others demonstrated that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) induces ISGs and an antiviral response in fibroblasts in the absence of both interferon production and virus replication. In this report, we show that the entry of enveloped virus particles from diverse virus families elicits a similar innate response. This process requires IRF3, but not IRF1, IRF7, or IRF9. Following virus replication, the large DNA viruses HSV-1 and vaccinia virus effectively inhibit ISG mRNA accumulation, whereas the small RNA viruses Newcastle disease virus, Sendai virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus do not. In addition, we found that IRF3 hyperphosphorylation and degradation do not correlate with ISG and antiviral state induction but instead serve as a hallmark of productive virus replication, particularly following a high-multiplicity infection. Collectively, these data suggest that virus entry triggers an innate antiviral response mediated by IRF3 and that subsequent virus replication results in posttranslational modification of IRF3, such as hyperphosphorylation, depending on the nature of the incoming virus.
Service Function Chain Placement for Joint Cost and Latency Optimization (2020)

Abstract Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is an emerging technology to consolidate network functions onto high volume storages, servers and switches located anywhere in the network. Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) are chained together to provide a specific network service, called Service Function Chains (SFCs). Regarding to Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and network features and states, SFCs are served through performing two tasks: VNF placement and link embedding on the substrate networks. Reducing deployment cost is a desired objective for all service providers in cloud/edge environments to increase their profit form demanded services. However, increasing resource utilization in order to decrease deployment cost may lead to increase the service latency and consequently increase SLA violation and decrease user satisfaction. To this end, we formulate a multi-objective optimization model to joint VNF placement and link embedding in order to reduce deployment cost and service latency with respect to a variety of constraints. We, then solve the optimization problem using two heuristic-based algorithms that perform close to optimum for large scale cloud/edge environments. Since the optimization model involves conflicting objectives, we also investigate pareto optimal solution so that it optimizes multiple objectives as much as possible. The efficiency of proposed algorithms is evaluated using both simulation and emulation. The evaluation results show that the proposed optimization approach succeed in minimizing both cost and latency while the results are as accurate as optimal solution obtained by Gurobi (5%).
Objective Measurement of Eyelid Force in Ptosis Versus Controls (2019)

Thorough evaluation of the upper eyelid is essential for diagnosis and management planning in blepharoptosis. In a previous study, our group described a novel force gauge for direct assessment of upper lid force in healthy subjects. In this study, the authors apply the same technique for measuring muscle forces in ptotic eyelids.Patients scheduled to undergo surgical repair of aponeurotic blepharoptosis or dermatochalasis, from July 2017 to August 2018, in a tertiary care medical center, were enrolled in this prospective case series. When the eyelid disorder was unilateral, the normal eye was designated as control. The upward force generated by the eyelid was measured directly using a handheld dynamometer noninvasively attached to the upper eyelid. Measurements were conducted with and without fixation of the frontalis muscle, to differentiate between total lid force, levator force, and frontalis contribution.A total of 56 eyes was included in the study: 34 in the ptosis group, 11 in the dermatochalasis group, and 11 as controls. Both the ptosis group and the dermatochalasis group had significantly lower total muscle force and levator force measurements when compared with control (P <0.05). Calculated frontalis force contribution to upgaze did not differ significantly between groups. In the control group, calculated frontalis force contribution to upgaze strongly correlated to marginal reflex distance1 (r = 0.75, P = 0.05)In conclusion, the authors present a simple, inexpensive, new portable force gauge for direct eyelid force measurements in eyelid pathologies. Distinct differences between ptotic and healthy eyelids are demonstrated, suggesting potential applications in patient evaluation and management.
Polymerization of 1,3‐dienes with functional groups. II. Free‐radical polymerization of N‐(2‐methylene‐3‐butenoyl)piperidine (2003)

Abstract The free‐radical homopolymerization and copolymerization behavior of N ‐(2‐methylene‐3‐butenoyl)piperidine was investigated. When the monomer was heated in bulk at 60 °C for 25 h without an initiator, about 30% of the monomer was consumed by the thermal polymerization and the Diels–Alder reaction. No such side reaction was observed when the polymerization was carried out in a benzene solution with 1 mol % 2,2′‐azobisisobutylonitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The polymerization rate equation was found to be R p ∝ [AIBN] 0.507 [M] 1.04 , and the overall activation energy of polymerization was calculated to be 89.5 kJ/mol. The microstructure of the resulting polymer was exclusively a 1,4‐structure that included both 1,4‐ E and 1,4‐ Z configurations. The copolymerizations of this monomer with styrene and/or chloroprene as comonomers were carried out in benzene solutions at 60 °C with AIBN as an initiator. In the copolymerization with styrene, the monomer reactivity ratios were r 1 = 6.10 and r 2 = 0.03, and the Q and e values were calculated to be 10.8 and 0.45, respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1545–1552, 2003
L-Isoleucyl-L-serine 0.33-hydrate,L-phenylalanyl-L-serine andL-methionyl-L-serine 0.34-hydrate (2005)

The structures of the title dipeptides, C9H18N2O4.0.33H2O, C12H16N2O4 and C8H16N2O4S.0.34H2O, complete a series of investigations focused on L-Xaa-L-serine peptides, where Xaa is a hydrophobic residue. All three structures are divided into hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers. The hydrophilic layers are thin for L-phenylalanyl-L-serine, rendered possible by an unusual peptide conformation, and thick for L-isoleucyl-L-serine and L-methionyl-L-serine, which include cocrystallized water molecules on the twofold axes.
Modeling and Simulation of a Rollerball Microfluidic Device (2009)

The fluid delivery process through a rollerball device is investigated by means of physical modeling and numerical simulations. The microfluidic device is intended to deliver liquid above a substrate interacting with the surrounding air. While the fluid is delivered, air entrainment occurs through the capillary gap, creating a two-phase liquid-gas mixture whose composition and properties affect significantly the quality of the continuous fluid deposition. For the numerical solution of the 2D two-phase flow governing equations, the finite volume-based finite element method is used with 2nd order time-space schemes for the fully coupled system of equations. The quality of the liquid micro-volume delivery proves to be largely affected by both the speed of the roller and fluid properties. It is found that only under very low speed and some fluid properties, it is possible to guarantee a gas free liquid deposition. Envisioning the potential use of this convenient and popular device in the deployment of microfluid layers or substances at very small quantities with controlled quality, it is apparent the need for handling and channeling out the air entrainment without perturbing the liquid quality.
Mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegeneration: from cell death to energetic states (2015)

From Parkinson's disease to an ischemic stroke, a consistently reoccurring theme in the context of neuronal degeneration is the dysfunction of mitochondria as the underlying factor. Insight into the mechanistic basis for mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders has allowed the theme of mitochondrial dynamics to be highlighted as a central player. The precise balance of mitochondrial dynamics is among the most critical features for the juxtaposed processes of cell death and survival. More recently, studies have allowed mitochondrial shape to emerge as a key regulator of respiratory efficiency that can enforce the bioenergetic status of cells and thereby determine cell fate. Here we review the most current advances that provide an explanation for the long-standing question of how mitochondrial shape can impact cellular metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegenerative disorders.
Compartment Syndrome as a Presentation of Non-Hodgkinʼs Lymphoma (1990)

Summary: An 80-year-old woman sustained an injury to her left leg and presented having a compartment syndrome. Biopsy at the time of fasciotomy revealed lymphoma infiltrating the muscles of the left leg. We conclude that tumors may present as compartment syndrome and should be included with the differential diagnosis.
Herbicidal Properties of the Thaxtomin Group of Phytotoxins (2001)

The thaxtomins are a group of phytotoxins generated by the bacterium Streptomyces scabies (the main causal organism of potato common scab). Available members of the group were assessed for herbicidal activity by a variety of standard tests. Test results indicated that thaxtomin A, the predominant member, was also the most physiologically active. Injury symptoms in most instances were similar to those caused by known cellulose biosynthetic inhibitors such as dichlobenil and isoxaben. Although test results indicated that the thaxtomins had many of the biological properties desirable in a commercial herbicide, they nevertheless lacked the systemic phytotoxicity critical to deliver reliable weed control at low rates.
Expression of Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Like Protein Is Repressed by Retinoic Acid and Enhanced by Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB)-Binding Protein (CBP)**This work was supported in part by USPHS Grant DK-47003 from the NIDDK, NIH (to S.J.F.D.), NIH Training Grant HL-07527 (to R.S.M.), National Research Scientist Award Postdoctoral Fellowship (to S.E.W.), and a Board of Trustees Fellowship from the Children’s Hospital Research Foundation (to S.E.W.). (1999)

In an effort to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of expression of the gene encoding hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (HGFL), it was found that all-trans-retinoic acid dramatically represses expression of the endogenous HGFL gene in HepG2 cells, a human hepatocyte-derived cell line. This repression requires the sequence between nucleotides -135 and -105 in the 5'-flanking sequence of the HGFL gene, a site that has previously been shown to bind the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 (HNF-4). Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis suggests that the retinoic acid receptor does not bind to this site, and that retinoic acid does not alter binding of HNF-4 to this DNA site. However, the transcriptional coactivator, CREB-binding protein (CBP) coactivates expression of this gene through an indirect interaction with the HNF-4-binding site, and overexpression of CBP in HepG2 cells eliminates retinoic acid repression of reporter gene expression driven by the HGFL promoter. Overexpression of CBP also protects the endogenous HGFL gene from down-regulation by retinoic acid. These results suggest that HGFL gene expression requires CBP, and competition for limiting amounts of CBP by retinoic acid receptor may be a means of modifying the activity of HNF-4 at the HGFL gene promoter.