gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the 37th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages (2010)

Welcome to the Thirty-Seventh Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, held Wednesday, January 20th, through Friday, January 22nd, 2010, in Madrid, Spain. This proceedings contains 39 contributed papers, selected from 207 submissions.

Like at POPL 2008 and POPL 2009, each slot for a contributed talk at this year's POPL is twenty minutes long.

The program committee members and external reviewers carried out their task with tremendous thoughtfulness and energy. Each paper received at least three reviews and a median of five reviews. We made the reviews available to the authors, who then had two days in which to submit a written response. Finally, the program committee had an intensive one-and-a-half-day meeting in Los Angeles. We permitted submissions from program committee members, subject to the guideline that they would be held to a higher standard than other submissions. We received thirteen PC submissions and we accepted one.

Many in the POPL community look forward to the invited talks as some of the highlights of the meeting. This year we are lucky to be hearing from Neil Gershenfeld (MIT, USA) and Thomas A. Henzinger (IST, Austria).
Synthesis of helical π-conjugated polymers bearing pyridine N-oxide pendants and asymmetric allylation of aldehydes in the helical cavity (2019)

Catalytically active chiral π-conjugated polymers (poly-1(NO)r) bearing pyridine N-oxide pendants were synthesized by ternary copolymerization of a d-glucose-bound diethynyl compound with two types of thieno[3,4-b]thiophene comonomer, one of which contained a pyridine N-oxide group. When the pyridine N-oxide content in the copolymer was 10 mol% (poly-1(NO)0.10), the polymer backbone formed a one-handed helical structure in acetonitrile. Pyridine N-oxide pendants arranged inside the helical cavity of poly-1(NO)0.10 exhibited catalytic activity for the asymmetric allylation of benzaldehydes, producing the corresponding allyl alcohols with up to 43% ee.
Perceptually Optimizing Color Look-up Tables (2022)

The quality of ICC profiles with embedded look-up tables (LUTs) depends on multiple factors: 1. the accuracy of the optical printer model, 2. the exploitation of the available gamut combined with the quality of the gamut mapping approach encoded in the B2A-LUTs (backwards LUTs) and 3. the tonal smoothness as well color accuracy of the backwards LUTs. It can be shown that optimizing the smoothness of the LUTs comes at the expense of color accuracy and requires gamut reduction because of internal tonal edges. We present a method to optimize backwards LUTs of existing ICC profiles w.r.t accuracy, smoothness, gamut exploitation and mapping, which can be extended beyond color, e.g. to joint color and translucency backward LUTs. The approach is based on a perceptual difference metric that is used to optimize the LUT's tonal smoothness constrained to preserve both the accuracy of and the relationship between colors.
Pedagogical Considerations for Teaching Modern Performance Glove Design (2018)

When we teach students how to be apparel designers, we address the user’s needs (performance and aesthetic), body shape and size, ideation, materials selection, pattern development, construction and evaluation to create new products. However, when teaching modern performance glove design, the pedagogical process is undefined. The human hand is a complex interface to create new products for. Literature in the space includes: historical documentation of gloves and glove making, hand anthropometry, methods of evaluating the hand and glove functionality to determine product design opportunities, but the process of linking knowledge together to teach students glove design from start-to-finish, with current tools and technologies is lacking (Redwood, 2016; Tomshinsky, 2011; Greiner, 1991; Hsiao et. al., 2015; Dianat et. al., 2014; Torrens et. al., 2012).\nCorriveau (2014), also writes how there is an opportunity to improve the design process for glove designers, through new practices in anthropometric data collection, and developing better tools for designers to create from. He discusses how gloves are often not worn because users refuse to wear uncomfortable or cumbersome products. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (2015) also supports this notion, where 1 million workers in the United States were reported to be treated with acute hand injuries. Seventy-percent of those injured, choose not to wear gloves and the remaining 30% of acquired injuries were from wearing damaged or improper gloves for the job. Performance glove designers have a great responsibility, where they must carefully consider finger flexibility, dexterity, size variations, thermoregulation, support, impact protection and seam placement to enable users to perform tasks accurately and safely. What if similar efforts used to teach apparel design could be utilized to teach modern performance glove design? Could the process develop safer products? This paper will review a pedagogical process that the author created to teach performance glove design.
Performance analysis of a triple-active bridge converter for interconnection of future dc-grids (2016)

Dc-dc converters are a promising technology for interconnection of future dc grids. Besides the relatively low volume and space requirements, dc-dc converters provide good controllability of the power flow. This is particularly important with regard to a more decentralized energy generation, where a fully bidirectional power flow — even between grids of equal voltage levels — is desired to increase overall grid efficiency and stability. This paper analyzes the performance of a three-phase triple-active bridge converter (3ph-TAB) which interconnects a 5 kV medium-voltage dc grid and two low-voltage dc grids with nominal voltages of 380 V and 760 V, respectively. First, the modulation strategy of the converter is described. The different cases of operation are analyzed and a method is developed which significantly simplifies the theoretical analysis of the converter. The design specifications for the leakage inductances of the transformer and the dc-link capacitors are derived and analyzed. Furthermore, the soft-switching boundaries are derived analytically. The theoretical assessment is supported by a semiconductor loss simulation for the whole operating range.
SOIL MOISTURE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PASTURE PRODUCTION IN THE WAIKATO (1973)

The occurrence and distribution of soil moisture deficit days in the Waikato were determined for 43 years (1930-73) by calculating day-to-day changes in soil moisture for four soil types. The calculations were based on actual daily rainfall data and an estimate of mean daily potential evapotranspiration. Seasonal distributions of the number of deficit-days are given. On three soil types with 87, 102 and 117 mm of available soil moisture there were more than 20 such days in at least 15 of the 43 years. January to April inclusive are the "high-risk months". A significant negative correlation was obtained between the number of deficit-days and pasture production from a non-irrigated, "rate-of-growth" trial, such that 20 deficit-days gave a 21% reduction in expected annual pasture production (below that expected with no deficit-days).
Agrochemical Lessons for Infectious Disease Research: New Resistance Breaking Antifungal Hits against Candida auris (2023)

Analysis of the history of the invention of the block-buster antifungal drug Fluconazole underscores the importance of agrochemical research on drug discovery and development. The multidrug resistant fungal pathogen <i>Candida auris</i> is now responsible for serious morbidity and mortality among immuno-compromised and long-term resident hospital patients globally. New drugs against <i>C. auris</i> are urgently needed. A focused screening of 1487 fungicides from the BASF agrochemical collection gave several potent inhibitors of <i>C. auris</i> with yet noncommercialized modes of action. The hits showed only minor activity loss against the azole-resistant <i>C. auris</i> strain CDC 0385 and low to moderate cytotoxicity to human HepG2 cells. Aminopyrimidine <b>4</b> showed high activity against resistant strains and selectivity in a HepG2 cells assay and is a potential hit candidate for further optimization.
Validating Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Breast (2005)

The potential to extrapolate accurate data from 3-dimensional (3D) images of the breast is enormous and will greatly improve our ability to qualitatively determine differences in shape, size, and contour. The validity of these calculated measurements is important and needs to be determined before any meaningful data can be evaluated. PART I: Premastectomy 3D images (3dMD patient) were obtained on 19 breasts (14 patients). The volume of the mastectomy specimen was determined intraoperatively using water displacement. Two independent raters then calculated breast volumes using the 3D images and software, and these were compared with the intraoperative volume. Inter- and intrarater reliability was determined. Part II: Surface measurements (nipple to notch) were then evaluated on 20 breasts (10 patients) by comparing the 3D image determined distance to the known measurements. PART I: The average breast volume was 500 mL, compared with 489 mL for rater 1 and 490 mL for rater 2. The relative difference between the measured volume and the calculated volume for rater 1 and rater 2 was about -2%, with a standard deviation of +/- 13% to 16%. The coefficient of reproducibility for each reader was excellent, at 0.80 for rater 1 and 0.92 for rater 2. The level of agreement between the readers was also high at 0.975. Part II: The average nipple to notch measurement for each patient was 27.1 cm, compared the calculated average of 25.1 cm for rater 1 and 26.1 cm for rater 2. The mean relative difference between the measured and calculated distances for raters 1 and 2 was about -6%, with a standard deviation of +/- 6% to 7%. The level of agreement between readers was high, at 0.975. The ability to objectively determine breast volume and surface measurements using 3D imaging technology is now available with consistent and reproducible accuracy. Measurements are typically underestimated, with more variability when calculating volumes. Although inherent subjectivity will always exist when evaluating breast measurements, 3D technology provides invaluable information, particularly in the longitudinal evaluation of results.
Pharmacokinetics and Organ Distribution of Methotrexate in the Rat (1981)

After intravenous injection of 31 mg/kg methotrexate (MTX), its concentrations were determined in plasma, liver, kidney, bone marrow, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, colon and muscle up to 23 days, using an enzymatic assay. Plasma pharmacokinetics were described by a triexponential function, with a terminal half-life of 4.2 h. Up to 1.5 h after injection, the initial rapid decline of MTX concentrations in bone marrow, kidney, and liver roughly paralleled that in plasma. The terminal half-life of MTX in bone marrow was greatly prolonged (37 h), while MTX remained nearly constant in liver (0.57 microgram/ml) and kidney (0.53 microgram/ml) from 6 h to 23 days. In the intestines, luminal as well as tissue MTX concentrations were determined. The stomach showed a triexponential decay of tissue MTX and low luminal concentrations throughout. In the duodenum, the middle of jejunum, and the colon tissue MTX seemed to follow a bi- or triexponential function. However, high luminal concentrations due to MTX biliary excretion, when reaching a given intestinal portion, increased the MTX tissue concentration in this segment.
All-Optical Windowed Binary Phase-Coded Microwave Waveform Generation (2021)

An approach to all-optical windowed binary phase-coded microwave waveform generation is proposed and demonstrated. An optical double sideband plus carrier (DSB&#x002B;C) signal with the carrier and the two sidebands being orthogonally polarized is generated by a dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) modulator, with the generated signal sent to a phase modulator (PM). The PM can support phase modulation in two orthogonal polarization directions. The phase-modulated signals are projected to one polarization direction and detected at a photodetector (PD). Switching the polarity of the coding signal, a $\pi$ phase shift is introduced. In addition, the amplitude of the generated signal is dependent on the amplitude of the input coding signal. Thus, a windowing function can be applied to the generated waveform by using a windowed input phase coding signal, to suppress the sidelobes in the spectrum of the generated microwave signal. The key features of the proposed waveform generator include all-optical generation without the need of electrical components and optical filters, thus ensuring a wide operating frequency range. Experimental results show that, using a Gaussian windowed 64-bit pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) coding signal, a microwave phase-coded microwave waveform is generated with the sidelobes of the spectrum largely suppressed to below the system noise floor and a pulse compression ratio (PCR) as large as 133.
2‐(N‐Fmoc)‐3‐(N‐Boc‐N‐methoxy)‐diaminopropanoic acid, an amino acid for the synthesis of mimics of O‐linked glycopeptides (2006)

Amino acids with N-alkylaminooxy side chains have proven effective for the rapid synthesis of neoglycopeptides. Chemoselective reaction of reducing sugars with peptides containing these amino acids provides glycoconjugates that are structurally similar to their natural counterparts. 2-(N-Fmoc)-3-(N-Boc-N-methoxy)-diaminopropanoic acid (Fmoc: 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl; Boc: t-butyloxycarbonyl) was synthesized from Boc-Ser-OH in >40% overall yield and incorporated into peptides by standard Fmoc chemistry based solid phase peptide synthesis. The resulting peptides are efficiently glycosylated and serve as mimics of O-linked glycopeptides. The synthesis of this derivative greatly expands the availability of the N-alkylaminooxy strategy for neoglycopeptides.
Second-Generation Recombination-Based In Vivo Expression Technology for Large-Scale Screening for Vibrio cholerae Genes Induced during Infection of the Mouse Small Intestine (2005)

We have constructed an improved recombination-based in vivo expression technology (RIVET) and used it as a screening method to identify Vibrio cholerae genes that are transcriptionally induced during infection of infant mice. The improvements include the introduction of modified substrate cassettes for resolvase that can be positively and negatively selected for, allowing selection of resolved strains from intestinal homogenates, and three different tnpR alleles that cover a range of translation initiation efficiencies, allowing identification of infection-induced genes that have low-to-moderate basal levels of transcription during growth in vitro. A transcriptional fusion library of 8,734 isolates of a V. cholerae El Tor strain that remain unresolved when the vibrios are grown in vitro was passed through infant mice, and 40 infection-induced genes were identified. Nine of these genes were inactivated by in-frame deletions, and their roles in growth in vitro and fitness during infection were measured by competition assays. Four mutant strains were attenuated >10-fold in vivo compared with the parental strain, demonstrating that infection-induced genes are enriched in genes essential for virulence.
HARQ Optimization for Real-Time Remote Estimation in Wireless Networked Control (2022)

This paper analyzes wireless network control for remote estimation of linear time-invariant dynamical systems under various Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) packet retransmission schemes. In conventional HARQ, packet reliability increases gradually with additional packets; however, each retransmission maximally increases the Age of Information and causes severe degradation in estimation mean squared error (MSE) performance. We optimize standard HARQ schemes by allowing partial retransmissions to increase the packet reliability gradually and limit the AoI growth. In incremental redundancy HARQ, we optimize the retransmission time to enable the early arrival of the next status updates. In Chase combining HARQ, since packet length remains fixed, we allow retransmission and new updates in a single time slot using non-orthogonal signaling. Non-orthogonal retransmissions increase packet reliability without delaying the fresh updates. We formulate bi-objective optimization with the proposed variance of the MSE-based cost function and standard long-term average MSE cost function to guarantee short-term performance stability. Using the Markov decision process formulation, we find the optimal static and dynamic policies under the proposed HARQ schemes to improve MSE performance further. The simulation results show that the proposed HARQ-based policies are more robust and achieve significantly better and more stable MSE performance than standard HARQ-based policies.
Report on the 3'rd scientific meeting of the "Verein zur Förderung des Wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses in der Neurologie" (NEUROWIND e.V.) held in Motzen, Germany, Nov. 4'th - Nov. 6'th, 2011 (2012)

From November 4th- 6th 2011, the 3rd NEUROWIND e.V. meeting was held in Motzen, Brandenburg, Germany. Like in the previous years, the meeting provided an excellent platform for scientific exchange and the presentation of innovative projects for young colleagues in the fields of neurovascular research, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. As kick-off to the scientific sessions, Reinhard Hohlfeld, Head of the Institute for Clinical Neuroimmunology in Munich, gave an illustrious overview on the many fascinations of neuroimmunologic research. A particular highlight on the second day of the meeting was the award of the 1'st NEUROWIND e.V. prize for young academics in the field of experimental neurology. This award is posted for young colleagues under the age of 35 with a significant achievement in the field of neurovascular research, neuroinflammation or neurodegeneration and comprises an amount of 20.000 Euro, founded by Merck Serono GmbH, Darmstadt. Germany. The first prize was awarded to Ivana Nikic from Martin Kerschensteiner's group in Munich for her brilliant work on a reversible form of axon damage in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis, published in Nature Medicine in 2011. This first prize award ceremony was a great incentive for the next call for proposals now upcoming in 2012.
Label-Free Multiplexed Electrical Detection of Cancer Markers on a Microchip Featuring an Integrated Fluidic Diode Nanopore Array (2018)

We introduce an integrated array of glass nanopores on a silicon microchip fabricated in a batch process through low-resolution photolithography and standard semiconductor processing tools. By functionalizing each nanopore against a distinct target, we further demonstrate ultrasensitive, label-free, multiplexed electrical detection of cancer-marker proteins in real time through charge-dependent ionic current rectification. As nanofluidic diode biosensors, the nanopores return rapid results, with a limit of detection reaching concentrations as low as attomolars in assay buffer and femtomolars in undiluted untreated human serum, a rare achievement for this class of nanosensors. Multiplexed detection capability has been demonstrated on proteins carcinoembryonic antigen, α-fetoprotein antigen, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, with the assay further scalable to a size that is limited by the readout electronics. The nanopores are also found with a considerably advanced detection limit as well as dynamic range in relation to the nanoslit counterparts, validated by the measurements on cardiac protein troponin T. This highly robust assay platform draws from rich nanopore physics and could provide further enhanced detection through concentration polarization, subsequent target enrichment, and serum desalting, all potentially induced by the nanopores presently redundant in the array. This integration would be crucial for removing major obstacles for the practical use of nanopore-based assays.
[Local immunotherapy for cancer]. (1984)

As for the non-specific cancer immunotherapy concerned, the effect is limited and local use of immunopotentiators which could collect effector cells around tumor tissues might be the best way of cancer immunotherapy. Intratumoral or intraperitoneal administration of large-dose of OK-432 (100 KE) has been investigated since many years with favorable results. Side effects were minimum with a few days continuing slight fever elevation. From the immunohistological examinations using monoclonal antibodies, participation of killer T cells and NK cells was confirmed after intratumoral administration of large-dose OK-432. On the other hand, after intraperitoneal administration of OK-432, neutrophil leucocytes appeared at first on the 2nd to 4th day and they were followed by lymphocytes on the 4th to 5th day and finally appeared lot of macrophages on the 6th and later days. From the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments, these macrophages seemed to play the leading role in the cytostatic activities after intraperitoneal OK-432 administration. As for the fear of introducing suppressor cells after large-dose OK-432 administration, detailed studies on suppressor activities before and after operation for gastric cancer patients revealed no particular increase of suppressor cell activities after intratumoral and intraperitoneal administration of 100 KE OK-432 as compared with curative resection cases with no OK-432 administration.
Brain anatomy and chemistry may predict treatment response in paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder (2001)

Obsessive--compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe, highly prevalent and often chronically disabling illness with frequent onset in childhood and adolescence. This underscores the importance of studying the illness during childhood near the onset of illness to minimize potential confounds of long-term illness duration and treatment intervention as well as to examine the developmental underpinnings of the illness. In this review, the authors focus on an integrated series of brain-imaging studies in paediatric OCD suggesting a reversible glutamatergically mediated thalamo-cortical--striatal dysfunction in OCD and their relevance for improved diagnosis and treatment of the condition. Developmental neurobiological models for OCD are presented and particular attention is devoted to evaluating neuroimaging studies designed to test these models and how they may help predict treatment response in paediatric OCD.
Oxidative Stress of Cardiac Surgery Is Higher in Old and Obese Patients (2022)

Background: Due to demographic change and increased risk for conventional surgery frailty is gaining importance in cardiac surgery as a decisive parameter for selection of conventional or interventional surgery. Nutritional laboratory markers are known to be altered in frail patients.