gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Situ SERS Sensing by a Laser-Induced Aggregation of Silver Nanoparticles Templated on a Thermoresponsive Polymer (2022)

A stimuli-responsive (pH- and thermoresponsive) micelle-forming diblock copolymer, poly(1,2-butadiene)<sub>290</sub>-<i>block</i>-poly(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)<sub>240</sub> (PB-<i>b</i>-PDMAEMA), was used as a polymer template for the in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through Ag<sup>+</sup> complexation with PDMAEMA blocks, followed by the reduction of the bound Ag<sup>+</sup> with sodium borohydride. A successful synthesis of the AgNPs on a PB-<i>b</i>-PDMAEMA micellar template was confirmed by means of UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, wherein the shape and size of the AgNPs were determined. A phase transition of the polymer matrix in the AgNPs/PB-<i>b</i>-PDMAEMA metallopolymer hybrids, which results from a collapse and aggregation of PDMAEMA blocks, was manifested by changes in the transmittance of their aqueous solutions as a function of temperature. A SERS reporting probe, 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA), was used to demonstrate a laser-induced enhancement of the SERS signal observed under constant laser irradiation. The local heating of the AgNPs/PB-<i>b</i>-PDMAEMA sample in the laser spot is thought to be responsible for the triggered SERS effect, which is caused by the approaching of AgNPs and the generation of "hot spots" under a thermo-induced collapse and the aggregation of the PDMAEMA blocks of the polymer matrix. The triggered SERS effect depends on the time of a laser exposure and on the concentration of 4-MPBA. Possible mechanisms of the laser-induced heating for the AgNPs/PB-<i>b</i>-PDMAEMA metallopolymer hybrids are discussed.
Monotonicity of throughput in non-Markovian networks (1989)

Monotonicity of throughput is established in some non-Markovian queueing networks by means of pathwise comparisons. In a series of · /GI/s/N queues with loss at the first node it is proved that increasing the waiting room and/or the number of servers increases the throughput. For a closed network of · / GI/s queues it is shown that the throughput increases as the total number of jobs increases. The technique used for these results does not apply to blocking systems with finite buffers and feedback. Using a stronger coupling argument we prove throughput monotonicity as a function of buffer size for a series of two · /M/ 1 /N queues with loss and feedback from the second to the first node.
MODTRAN® scattering: Extracting spherical-refractive path contributions from plane-parallel disort (2017)

The well-established and extensively validated atmospheric radiative transfer model MODTRAN® <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> is widely used by the remote sensing community to define the mapping from surface spectral reflectance to solar scatter radiance as a function of atmosphere definition. This mapping is subsequently used in atmospheric correction/compensation models to define the reverse mapping from multi- and hyperspectral images to ground surface spectral reflectances. Since MODTRAN employs a stratified spherical shell atmosphere and accounts for spherical refraction, its applicability extends to low sun and highly off-nadir scenarios. The discrete ordinate module DISORT solves the RTE to compute multiple scattering solar path radiances for MODTRAN. However, there is a problem: DISORT is a plane-parallel atmosphere model. In this paper, a method for modifying DISORT to compute the curved-path segment radiance contributions required by MODTRAN is described.
Uveal Spindle Cell Tumor of Blue-Eyed Dogs: An Immunohistochemical Study (2007)

Immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the origin of a spindle cell tumor in the anterior uveal tract of dogs and the influence of ultraviolet radiation on the development of this tumor. Thirteen tumors were identified from the 4,007 canine ocular samples examined at the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin between 1978 and 2005. Siberian Husky and Siberian Husky mix dogs were overrepresented (10/13 dogs, overall median age 10 years). Light microscopic evaluation (all dogs) and electron microscopy (2 dogs) were performed. Immunohistochemical staining included alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), vimentin, S-100, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Melan A, microphthalmic transcription factor (MITF-1), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), laminin, gadd45, p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), anti-UVssDNA (antibody for detection of (6-4)-dipyrimidine photoproducts), and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). All tumors occurred in the iris with or without ciliary body involvement and were composed of spindle cells arranged in fascicles and whorls (variable Antoni A and B behavior). All tumors were positive when immunostained for vimentin and S-100. Nine of 13 tumors exhibited GFAP immunopositivity. All tumors were negative for SMA, desmin, Melan A, and MITF-1. Tumors were variably positive for PGP 9.5, laminin, gadd45, p53, PCNA, anti-UVssDNA, and TERT. Electron microscopy revealed intermittent basal laminae between cells. These tumors are morphologically and immunohistochemically most consistent with schwannoma. The relationship between spindle cell tumors of the anterior uvea of dogs, altered neural crest, blue iris color, and ultraviolet radiation has not yet been fully elucidated.
SAW RFID Devices Using Connected IDTs as an Alternative to Conventional Reflectors (2019)

Remote interrogation of SAW ID-tags imposes a high coupling coefficient value (K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), which many of the most promising substrates for high temperature applications do not possess. In this paper, we propose and discuss an alternative configuration to the standard one. Here, we replaced the standard configuration, i.e. one interdigital transducer (IDT) and several disconnected reflectors, by a series of electrically connected IDTs. The goal is to increase the amplitude of the reflected signals, using direct transmission between IDTs instead of the reflection on passive reflectors. Numerical simulations show promising results. A test structure was also characterized experimentally. As a first step, the test structure was based on the well-known lithium niobate 128°Y-X-cut substrate. This concept will be extended to other substrates with lower K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> value, which should prove especially interesting for high temperature applications.
On-Orbit Annealing of Satellite Solar Panels (2025)

An approach to extend the life of orbiting satellites is presented. Since output power of spacecraft solar panels plays a major role in determining the end of life of the satellite, any attempt to recover any of this lost power would be very attractive. The goal of this research was to investigate the possibility of annealing radiation damaged solar panels under conditions that would be feasible to apply in orbiting spacecraft. Preliminary data of a technique called forward biased current annealing of GaAs cells is presented and shows promising results at a moderate temperature. An autonomous microprocessor controlled experiment to carry out these tasks is also presented. The experiment is currently capable of monitoring and accurately recording different cell performance including their IV characteristics. With simple modifications to this circuit the system can be designed to perform current annealing of different array cells.
Feminism and Feminist Literary Criticism in the Postmodern Context (2011)

20世纪80年代之后，后现代主义思潮全面冲击西方学界，后结构主义哲学话语介入文学批评，女性研究的研究理路也随之发生改变。本文分析后现代主义哲学与女性主义学说之间的契合与冲突，考察后现代视野下女性主义和女性主义文学批评在世纪之交呈现的新趋势，并由此观察女性研究学者在后现代语境下面临的新的学理挑战。
Autophagic adaptation is associated with exercise‐induced fibre‐type shifting in skeletal muscle (2015)

These results suggest that basal autophagy is enhanced in plantaris muscle after long-term habitual exercise and associated with fibre-type shifting.
The Role of Thermal Activation and Molecular Structure on the Reaction of Molecular Surfaces (2017)

Though surface modifications of organic thin films dramatically improve optoelectronic device performance, chemistry at organic surfaces presents new challenges that are not seen in conventional inorganic surfaces. This work demonstrates that the subsurface of pentacene remains highly accessible, even to large adsorbates, and that three distinct reaction regimes (surface, subsurface, and bulk) are accessed within the narrow thermal range of 30-75 °C. Progression of this transition is quantitatively measured via polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy is used to measure the thin-film morphology. Together, they reveal the close relationship between the extent of the reaction and the morphology changes. Finally, the reaction kinetics of the pentacene thin film is measured with a series of adsorbates that have different reactivity and diffusivity in the thin film. The results suggest that reaction kinetics in the thin film is controlled by both the reactivity and the adsorbate diffusivity in the thin-film lattice, which is very different than the traditional solution kinetics that is dominated by the chemical activation barriers. Combined, these experiments guide efforts toward rationally functionalizing the surfaces of organic semiconductors to enable the next generation of flexible devices.
Leucine is a direct-acting nutrient signal that regulates protein synthesis in adipose tissue (2002)

In freshly isolated rat adipocytes, leucine or its analog norleucine activates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-signaling pathway. This results in phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1), two proteins involved in the initiation phase of protein synthesis. The purpose of the studies reported herein was to address the question of whether or not these in vitro effects of leucine and norleucine on adipocytes could be extended to the intact animal and to other tissues. To accomplish this, food-deprived (18 h) male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered solutions (2.5 ml/100 g body wt) containing normal saline (0.9% NaCl), a carbohydrate mixture (26.2% D-glucose and 26.2% sucrose), leucine (5.4%), or norleucine (5.4%). The protein synthetic responses of adipose tissue were measured and compared with those of other tissues. In addition, S6K1 and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation was measured, as was the plasma concentration of insulin and tissue ATP concentrations. Leucine administration stimulated protein synthesis in adipose tissue, gastrocnemius, and kidney but not in liver and heart. Norleucine stimulated protein synthesis in all of the tissues tested but, in contrast to leucine, without affecting plasma insulin concentrations. The carbohydrate meal had no effect on protein synthesis in any tissue tested but elicited a robust increase in plasma insulin. These findings provide support for a role of leucine as a direct-acting nutrient signal for stimulation of protein synthesis in adipose tissue as well as other select tissues. In adipose tissue, the effects of the different treatment conditions on the acute regulation of protein synthesis closely correlated with changes in phosphorylation of S6K1 and 4E-BP1; however, this correlation did not exist in all tissues examined. This result implies that leucine or norleucine may acutely stimulate protein synthesis, at least in some tissues, by a mechanism that is independent of both S6K1 and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation.
Letter: could sequential therapy extended to 14 days replace prolonged triple regimens for Helicobacter pylori treatment? (2016)

We read with great interest the meta-analysis by Liou et al.,1 which provided a novel insight into a debated topic (i.e. triple vs. sequential regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication). Indeed, despite the authors confirming that 10-day sequential therapy had a similar success rate, compared with prolonged 14-day conventional triple therapy, interestingly they showed that 10-day sequential therapy was superior to 14-day conventional triple therapy in clarithromycin-resistant strains (especially when resistance was due to an A2143G mutation in 23S bacterial rRNA), which is in complete agreement with our 10-year experience.2-4 However, the meta-analysis by Liou et al. also found that the prolongation of sequential treatment to 14 days achieved better results than 14-day conventional triple therapy. Therefore, it may be argued that the 14-day sequential therapy could be the optimal first-line strategy to optimise H. pylori eradication. Unfortunately, the study failed to report a direct comparison between 14 and 10 days of sequential therapy. To further evaluate this relevant result, we reviewed the most important medicine databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web-of-Science and Scopus) and found that a 14-day sequential therapy was assessed in four clinical studies.5-8 As shown in Figure 1a, 14-day sequential therapy eradicated the bacterium in 433 of 479 patients in an intention-to-treat analysis, with a pooled success rate of 90.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 87.8–93.0%]. This value is higher than the success rate with 10-day sequential therapy, which ranges from 75% to 85%, with a mean of about 80% in most meta-analyses.2 However, only two studies 5, 6 compared directly 10-day and 14-day sequential therapy directly, and, in this case, no significant difference was found (odds ratio = 1.23, 95% CI 0.76–1.97, P = 0.40; see Figure 1b), using a fixed-effects model. In conclusion, this meta-analytic approach underlines that, although 14-day sequential therapy may achieve better results than classical 10-day sequential therapy, a strong and evidence-based proof for implementation of 14-day sequential therapy in clinical practice does not exist at the moment. Nonetheless, we believe that sequential therapy remains a very good first-line treatment,9 and optimising its duration could afford some benefits in the future, when novel trials on the topic become available. Declaration of personal and funding interests: None.
YBa2Cu3O7-x/SrTiO3//LaAlO3 heterostructures obtained by injection MOCVD (2000)

Abstract YBa2Cu3O7-x /BaxSr1-xTiO3 /LaAlO3 heterostructures can be used as a basis for devices with voltage control in microwave circuits. BaxSr1-xTiO3 (x=0–0.1) (BST) thin films have been epitaxially grown on LaAlO3 substrates using injection MOCVD. The excellent crystalline quality of the obtained BST films can be proven by a FWHM of <0,2° for the rocking curve of the (002) BST reflection. An AFM study revealed flat surfaces, showing a surface roughness Rs as low as 1nm. YBa2Cu3O7-x/BaxSr1-x TiO3//LaAlO3 heterostructures were than optimised. The YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) layers obtained on BaxSr1-xTiO3 films are epitaxial with a FWHM of 0.45° for the (005) YBCO rocking curve and display very promising superconducting properties of Tc=92K. Finally the microwave properties of the superconducting films were studied. For YBa2Cu3O7-x layers directly deposited on LaAlO3, surface resistance values of 0,32mΩ were obtained, while for YBa2Cu3O7-x /SrTiO3//LaAlO3 heterostructures, higher values of 1mΩ at 8.5GHz were measured. Key Words: Injection MOCVDFilmsBaxSr1-xTiO3 Oxide SuperconductorsX-rayElectrical Properties
Autoqsar: An Automated Machine Learning Tool for Best-Practice Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Modeling (2016)

AutoQSAR demonstrates similar or better predictive performance as compared with published results for four of the six endpoints while requiring minimal human time and expertise.
Effects of an Extensively Hydrolyzed Formula Supplemented with Two Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Growth, Tolerability, Safety and Infection Risk in Infants with Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy: A Randomized, Multi-Center Trial (2022)

This randomized clinical trial (Registration: NCT03085134) assessed if an extensively hydrolyzed formula (EHF) supplemented with two human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) and reduced protein content (2.20 g/100 kcal) supports normal growth in infants with cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA). Secondary outcomes were gastrointestinal tolerability, safety, and effect on infections. Nonbreastfed infants aged 0−6 months with CMPA were enrolled. Body weight, length, and head circumference were measured monthly for 4 months (primary study endpoint), after 6 months, and at the age of 12 months. Of 200 infants screened, 194 (mean age 3.2 months) were randomized. At the 4-month follow-up, daily weight gain for the test formula was noninferior to the control formula; p < 0.005. There were no significant group differences in anthropometric parameters. Both formulas were safe and well tolerated. Infants in the HMO group had a statistically significant reduction in the frequency of upper respiratory tract infections and a lower incidence of ear infections at 12 months (per protocol analysis). The relative risk of lower respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections was reduced by 30−40%, but this was not statistically significant due to sample size limitations. In summary, the HMO-supplemented formula supports normal growth in infants with CMPA and suggests a protective effect against respiratory and ear infections in the first year of life.
Nutrigenetics of cholesterol metabolism: observational and dietary intervention studies in the postgenomic era (2015)

Cholesterol metabolism is a well-defined responder to dietary intakes and a classic biomarker of cardiovascular health. For this reason, circulating cholesterol levels have become key in shaping nutritional recommendations by health authorities worldwide for better management of cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of mortality and one of the most costly health problems globally. Data from observational and dietary intervention studies, however, highlight a marked between-individual variability in the response of cholesterol metabolism to similar dietary protocols, a phenomenon linked to genetic heterogeneity. This review summarizes the postgenomic evidence of polymorphisms within cholesterol-associated genes relative to fasting circulating cholesterol levels under diverse nutritional conditions. A number of cholesterol-related gene-diet interactions are confirmed, which may have clinical importance, supporting a deeper look into the rapidly emerging field of nutrigenetics for meaningful conclusions that may eventually lead to genetically targeted dietary recommendations in the era of personalized nutrition.
Unsupervised Region-Based Anomaly Detection In Brain MRI With Adversarial Image Inpainting (2021)

Medical segmentation is performed to determine the bounds of regions of interest (ROI) prior to surgery. By allowing the study of growth, structure, and behaviour of the ROI in the planning phase, critical information can be obtained, increasing the likelihood of a successful operation. Usually, segmentations are performed manually or via machine learning methods trained on manual annotations. In contrast, this paper proposes a fully automatic, unsupervised inpainting-based brain tumour segmentation system for T1-weighted MRI. First, a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is trained to reconstruct missing healthy brain regions. Then, upon application, anomalous regions are determined by identifying areas of highest reconstruction loss. Finally, superpixel segmentation is performed to segment those regions. We show the proposed system is able to segment various sized and abstract tumours and achieves a mean and standard deviation Dice score of 0.771 and 0.176, respectively.
Techniques and applications for neural networks "an air force perspective" (2002)

This paper describes the use of neural networks in combination with algorithmic test programs to aid in improving test efficiency and accuracy, especially in test situations where "bad actor" test programs exist that have difficulty in detecting and isolating Unit Under Test (UUT) failures.
Advantages and features using a common and external error amplifier with voltage reference controlled by microcontroller (2005)

The authors describe how, in order to solve the current sharing problem in a telecommunications power system based on modular rectifiers, without the use of any additional electronics, whilst at the same time using a standard method to control the current that feeds the load and the battery, Alcatel Standard Electrica has implemented and developed a rectifier control scheme based on the use of a common and external error amplifier with a voltage reference controlled by a microcontroller for use in their intelligent power systems. This paper describes the main characteristics, advantages and features of this method, emphasizing those points needed to acquire precise management of batteries and energy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Active object recognition using vocabulary trees (2013)

For mobile robots to perform certain tasks in human environments, fast and accurate object classification is essential. Actively exploring objects by changing viewpoints promises an increase in the accuracy of object classification. This paper presents an efficient feature-based active vision system for the recognition and verification of objects that are occluded, appear in cluttered scenes and may be visually similar to other objects present. This system is designed using a selector-observer framework where the selector is responsible for the automatic selection of the next best viewpoint and a Bayesian `observer' updates the belief hypothesis and provides feedback. A new method for automatically selecting the `next best viewpoint' is presented using vocabulary trees. It is used to calculate a weighting for each feature based on its perceived uniqueness, allowing the system to select the viewpoint with the greatest number of `unique' features. The process is sped-up as new images are only captured at the `next best viewpoint' and processed when the belief hypothesis of an object is below some pre-defined threshold. The system also provides a certainty measure for the objects identity. This system out performs randomly selecting a viewpoint as it processes far fewer viewpoints to recognise and verify objects in a scene.
Present Status of Hanbit Magnetic Mirror Device (1999)

The Hanbit magnetic mirror device, which is operated as a joint plasma research facility, has been constructed at Korea Basic Science Institute for basic study and technology development of high temperature plasma confinement, plasma heating and diagnostics, and plasma applications, such as high-temperature material testing for tokamak divertors. A 500-kW RF transmitter and a 100-kW RF transmitter for ICRF heating are major heating sources in operation, and a few gyrotron-based ECRH systems are in preparation. The target plasma parameters at the central cell are 1-keV ion temperature, 200-eV electron temperature, and 5 × 1012 cm−3 electron density with 500-ms plasma duration. The present status of the Hanbit device, which includes the system overview and recent experimental result, is described in this paper, and future plans will be discussed.
Zinc binding-induced near-IR emission from excited-state intramolecular proton transfer of a bis(benzoxazole) derivative (2010)

A bis(benzoxazole) derivative with metal-chelating ligand (DPA), Zinhbo-1, exhibits a large fluorescence turn-on effect (up to 10-fold) upon zinc-binding. The metal chelation enables excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), giving an additional emission band in the near-IR region (approximately 710 nm) with a large Stokes shift (ca. 230 nm).