gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intramembrane Cleavage of AMA1 Triggers Toxoplasma to Switch from an Invasive to a Replicative Mode (2010)

Apicomplexan parasites invade host cells and immediately initiate cell division. The extracellular parasite discharges transmembrane proteins onto its surface to mediate motility and invasion. These are shed by intramembrane cleavage, a process associated with invasion but otherwise poorly understood. Functional analysis of Toxoplasma rhomboid 4, a surface intramembrane protease, by conditional overexpression of a catalytically inactive form produced a profound block in replication. This was completely rescued by expression of the cleaved cytoplasmic tail of Toxoplasma or Plasmodium apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1). These results reveal an unexpected function for AMA1 in parasite replication and suggest that invasion proteins help to promote parasite switch from an invasive to a replicative mode.
Cross-reactivity of a vancomycin degradation product in three immunoassays of vancomycin (1991)

Journal Article Cross-reactivity of a vancomycin degradation product in three immunoassays of vancomycin Get access G L Hortin, G L Hortin Dept. of Pediatrics, Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO 63110 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Landt, M Landt Dept. of Pediatrics, Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO 63110 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T Wilhite, T Wilhite Dept. of Pediatrics, Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO 63110 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C H Smith C H Smith Dept. of Pediatrics, Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO 63110 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 37, Issue 11, 1 November 1991, Page 2009, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.11.2009a Published: 01 November 1991
Deformation potential constants of biaxially tensile stressedGeepitaxial films onSi(100) (2004)

The deformation potential constants at the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ point of $\mathrm{Ge}$ epitaxial films on $\mathrm{Si}(100)$ were determined by a combination of x-ray diffraction and photoreflectance measurements. The in-plane tensile strain in the $\mathrm{Ge}$ thin films was engineered by growth at different temperatures in ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition and by backside silicidation. Photoreflectance measurements and data analysis give the direct band gaps from the maxima of the light- and the heavy-hole bands to the bottom of $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ valley, namely, ${E}_{g}^{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}(lh)$ and ${E}_{g}^{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}(hh)$. From the relationship between the direct band gap and the in-plane strain measured by x-ray diffraction, the dilational deformation potential of the direct band gap of $\mathrm{Ge}$ $a$, and the shear deformation potential of the valence band $b$ were determined to be $\ensuremath{-}8.97\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.16\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ and $\ensuremath{-}1.88\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$, respectively. These basic constants of $\mathrm{Ge}$ are very important for the design of strain-engineered devices based on epitaxial $\mathrm{Ge}$.
Analytical Utility of Small Neutral Losses from Reduced Species in Electron Capture Dissociation Studied Using SwedECD Database (2008)

Small neutral losses from charge-reduced species [M + nH] (( n-1)+* ) is one of the most abundant fragmentation channels in both electron capture dissociation, ECD, and electron transfer dissociation, ETD. Several groups have previously studied these losses on particular examples. Now, the availability of a large (11 491 entries) SwedECD database ( http://www.bmms.uu.se/CAD/indexECD.html) of high-resolution ECD data sets on doubly charged tryptic peptides has made possible a systematic study involving statistical evaluation of neutral losses from [M + 2H] (+ * ) ions. Several new types of losses are discovered, and 16 specific (>94%) losses are characterized according to their specificity and sensitivity, as well as occurrence for peptides of different lengths. On average, there is more than one specific loss per ECD mass spectrum, and two-thirds of all MS/MS data sets in SwedECD contain at least one specific loss. Therefore, specific neutral losses are analytically useful for improved database searching and de novo sequencing. In particular, N and GG isomeric sequences can be distinguished. The pattern of neutral losses was found to be remarkably dissimilar with the losses from radical z* fragment ions: e.g., there is no direct formation of w ions from the reduced species. This finding emphasizes the difference in fragmentation behaviors of hydrogen-abundant and hydrogen-deficient species.
Convergence of the state of a passive nonlinear plant with an L2 input (2007)

In this paper, we consider a strictly output passive nonlinear plant P with storage function H. We assume that P is zero-state detectable. Under some mild conditions on H, we show that the state x of the plant converges to zero for any L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> input. This implies the solvability for all t ≥ 0 of the system equations, for every input in L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">loc</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . We define a stability notion called L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> system-stable, a variant to the L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -stability concept, which has a nice interconnection properties.
Alphonse Vermeylen. Sainte Thérèse en France au XVIIe siècle, 1600-1660 (1961)

Cognet Louis. Alphonse Vermeylen. Sainte Thérèse en France au XVIIe siècle, 1600-1660. In: Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France, tome 47, n°144, 1961. pp. 261-262.
Identity-based online/offline key encapsulation and encryption (2011)

An identity-based online/offline encryption (IBOOE) scheme splits the encryption process into two phases. The first phase performs most of the heavy computations, such as modular exponentiation or pairing over points on elliptic curve. The knowledge of the plaintext or the receiver's identity is not required until the second phase, where the ciphertext is produced by only light computations, such as integer addition/multiplication or hashing. This division of computations makes encryption affordable by devices with limited computation power since the preparation works can be executed "offline" or possibly by some powerful devices. The identity-based (ID-based) nature of the scheme also allows the preparation of ciphertext without certificate verification.
Artificial Skin and Electrotactile Stimulation for Advanced Tactile Feedback in Myoelectric Prostheses (2022)

Modern prosthetic arms and hands are sophisticated robotic devices that can provide some of the motor functions lost due to an amputation. However, none of the commonly used commercial systems restores somatosensory feedback to its user. In principle, the latter can be achieved by recording data from prosthesis sensors and conveying this information by stimulating the sensory structures of the amputee using invasive and noninvasive interfaces. Many such systems have been presented in the literature with promising results; however, they all rely on using only a few discrete stimulation points to transmit information and hence suffer from a limited information bandwidth. In this chapter, we propose a novel concept of a high-bandwidth feedback interface that relies on advanced sensing and stimulation to convey a large amount of information to the prosthesis user. The interface comprises an artificial skin covering the prosthesis with a dense network of tactile sensors (taxels) and a compact stimulation device delivering electrical current pulses through a matrix electrode with many conductive pads. The state-ofthe- art in the two technologies that are required for the implementation of the proposed concept are reviewed. This includes biomimetic e-skins that are suitable for the application in a wearable scenario, stimulation systems integrating a demultiplexing circuit to distribute electrical pulses, and flexible electrodes that can be produced with arbitrary shape, size, and distribution of conductive pads. Finally, the challenges in selecting feedback variables (raw signals versus high-level features) and mapping of these variables into stimulation parameters are addressed.
Sensor based terrain guidance of distributed cooperative mobile robots (2002)

Navigation in outdoor terrain is difficult due to lack of easily and uniquely identifiable landmarks. This problem is further complicated for a system with multiple robots navigating a common terrain. The paper describes a field-capable system for navigation, obstacle avoidance, simulated visual training of mobile robots, group world perception modeling using visual feedback from multiple robots, and fusion of sonar range data with vision information for the purpose of terrain learning. A neural network approach is proposed for fusion of the robots visual feedback. In this approach, each mobile robot is presumed to be equipped with one camera and sonar sensor. In the proposed technique, self-localization of the robots and localization of obstacles are performed based on the visual and sonar feedback from the neural network. Computer simulation of the technique is done with FMCell simulation software an interactive graphical simulation environment. Results of simulation runs illustrating the capabilities of this technique are provided. The technique provides a better and simplified approach for visual servoing of a multi-agent system.
On finite index subgroups of a universal group (2008)

It has been shown [H. M. Hilden et al., Invent. Math. 87 (1987), no. 3, 441–456;] that the orbifold group U of the Borromean rings with singular angle 90 degrees is universal, i.e. for every closed orientable 3-manifold M3 there is a finite index subgroup G of U such that M3=H3/G. Since the fundamental group of M3 is the quotient of G modulo the subgroup generated by rotations, one would like to classify the finite index subgroups of U. In this paper, the authors begin the classification of the finite index subgroups that are generated by rotations. &#13;\n The group U acts as a group of isometries of hyperbolic 3-space H3 so that there is a tessellation of H3 by regular dodecahedra any one of which is a fundamental domain for U. The authors construct a closely related Euclidean crystallographic group Uˆ corresponding to a tessellation of E3 by cubes that are fundamental domains for Uˆ, and exhibit a homomorphism φ:U→Uˆ which defines a branched covering H3→E3 that respects the two tessellations. They classify the finite index subgroups of Uˆ, and use their pullback under φ to obtain the main result of the paper: For any positive integer n there is an index n subgroup of U generated by rotations.
Development of an elastography bench for histology and engineered tissue study-Preliminary results (2017)

International audience
METHODS FOR COMBINATION OF EVIDENCE IN FUNCTION-BASED 3-D OBJECT RECOGNITION (1993)

Representation schemes traditionally used in model-based vision are contrasted with the “function-based” representation scheme. A system which utilizes function-based representation has been implemented and tested, using the object category “chair” for case study. Function-based description is used to recognize classes and identify subclasses of known categories of objects, even if the specific object has never been encountered previously. Interpretation of the functionality of an object is accomplished through qualitative reasoning about its 3-D shape. During the recognition process, evidence is gathered as to how well the functional requirements are satisfied by the input shape. An investigation of different types of operators used in the combination of the functional evidence has been made. Three pairs of conjunctive and disjunctive operators have been used in the recognition process of more than 100 object shapes. The results are compared and differences are discussed.
Antimicrobial Peptides and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Periprosthetic Joint Infection (2013)

The present study showed promising results for the use of antimicrobial peptides and other biomarkers in synovial fluid for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection, and analysis of the levels in synovial fluid was more accurate than analysis of serum.
On the (Non-)existence of Convex, Calibrated Surrogate Losses for Ranking (2014)

We study surrogate losses for learning to rank, in a framework where the rankings are induced by scores and the task is to learn the scoring function. We focus on the calibration of surrogate losses with respect to a ranking evaluation metric, where the calibration is equivalent to the guarantee that near-optimal values of the surrogate risk imply near-optimal values of the risk defined by the evaluation metric. We prove that if a surrogate loss is a convex function of the scores, then it is not calibrated with respect to two evaluation metrics widely used for search engine evaluation, namely the Average Precision and the Expected Reciprocal Rank. We also show that such convex surrogate losses cannot be calibrated with respect to the Pairwise Disagreement, an evaluation metric used when learning from pairwise preferences. Our results cast lights on the intrinsic difficulty of some ranking problems, as well as on the limitations of learning-to-rank algorithms based on the minimization of a convex surrogate risk. 1
ANOXIC BIOTREATMENT CELL (ABC) FOR REMOVAL OF NITRATE AND SELENIUM FROM MINING EFFLUENT WATERS (1999)

Removal of nitrate from mining and other industrial and municipal effluents is often required to meet water discharge limits, and state and federal nondegradation standards for surface water and groundwater. To meet the need to remove nitrate from low-temperature waters, a technology termed the Anoxic Biotreatment Cell (ABC) was developed by Hydrometrics, Inc. beginning in 1995. A large demonstration-scale ABC operating at a metal mine in Montana since early 1996 has consistently removed over 90% of the incoming nitrate when operated at design conditions. Typical results were 95% nitrate removal at a flow rate of 130 gallons per minute (gpm) and a water temperature of 12 C. the reactor also operated successfully at flow rates as high as 160 gpm and water temperatures as low as 2 C. The initial rector was modified in 1997 to reduce downtime and to increase capacity to approximately 400 gpm. A 200-gpm ABC to treat water with higher nitrate concentrations (110 mg/L as N) has successfully operated at another mine site since 1997. Removal of low concentrations of metals and sulfate have also been demonstrated in a full-scale ABC application. The ABC has removed selenium in continuous-flow column experiments, from approximately 1.2 mg/L tomore » less than 0.1 mg/L. The ABC is less costly than alternative treatment technologies because it: (a) is simple in design, construction and operation, (b) is effective at cold water temperatures, and (c) does not generate a waste stream. The system can be designed to treat a variety of flows, concentrations, water temperatures and water qualities.« less
Biodegradation of gelatin–g‐poly(ethyl acrylate) copolymers (1981)

Abstract Gelatin‐ g ‐poly(ethyl acrylate) copolymers were prepared in an aqueous medium, using K 2 S 2 O 8 initiator. The composition of the graft copolymers was dependent upon temperature and duration of the reaction. The number of grafting sites was small and molecular weight of the grafted poly(ethyl acrylate) branches was high. Three copolymer samples with grafting efficiencies of 33.3%, 61.0%, and 84.0%, were tested for their microbial susceptibility in a synthetic medium employing a mixed inoculum of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Serratia marcescens and the percent weight losses were 12%, 10.1%, and 6.0%, respectively, after 6 weeks of incubation. The extent of degradation seems to decrease with increasing grafting efficiency. There was initial rapid weight loss accompanied by the exponential increase in bacterial population and pH of the culture medium during the first week. The nitrogen analysis also showed the utilization of the polymer. A parallel set of experiments, carried out by employing the samples as the only source of both carbon and nitrogen, showed a marginal but definite increase in the utilization of the polymer.
Radical Derivatives of Insoluble La@C74: X‐ray Structures, Metal Positions, and Isomerization (2011)

Solubilisierung unlöslicher Fullerene: Die Addition von Dichlorphenylradikalen an unlösliches La@C74 liefert zwei Serien von Regioisomeren, in denen unterschiedlich substituierte Dichlorphenylgruppen an eines von zwei benachbarten Käfig-Kohlenstoffatomen binden. Röntgenbeugungsstudien offenbaren, dass das interne Metallatom die Additionsmuster verursacht und im Gegenzug die Additionsstelle die Beweglichkeit des Metallatoms beeinflusst (siehe Bild).
Glutathione S-transferase pi modulates NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory responses in lung epithelial cells (2016)

Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor family critical in the activation of pro- inflammatory responses. The NF-κB pathway is regulated by oxidant-induced post-translational modifications. Protein S-glutathionylation, or the conjugation of the antioxidant molecule, glutathione to reactive cysteines inhibits the activity of inhibitory kappa B kinase beta (IKKβ), among other NF-κB proteins. Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP) is an enzyme that has been shown to catalyze protein S-glutathionylation (PSSG) under conditions of oxidative stress. The objective of the present study was to determine whether GSTP regulates NF-κB signaling, S-glutathionylation of IKK, and subsequent pro-inflammatory signaling. We demonstrated that, in unstimulated cells, GSTP associated with the inhibitor of NF-κB, IκBα. However, exposure to LPS resulted in a rapid loss of association between IκBα and GSTP, and instead led to a protracted association between IKKβ and GSTP. LPS exposure also led to increases in the S-glutathionylation of IKKβ. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of GSTP decreased IKKβ-SSG, and enhanced NF-κB nuclear translocation, transcriptional activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). TLK117, an isotype-selective inhibitor of GSTP, also enhanced LPS-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, suggesting that the catalytic activity of GSTP is important in repressing NF-κB activation. Expression of both wild-type and catalytically-inactive Y7F mutant GSTP significantly attenuated LPS- or IKKβ-induced production of GM-CSF. These studies indicate a complex role for GSTP in modulating NF-κB, which may involve S-glutathionylation of IKK proteins, and interaction with NF-κB family members. Our findings suggest that targeting GSTP is a potential avenue for regulating the activity of this prominent pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory transcription factor.
The Physiology of Tropical Orchids in Relation to the Industry (2004)

The relevance of orchid physiology to the industry a brief introduction to orchid morphology and nomenclature photosynthesis respiration mineral nutrition control of flowering partitioning of assimilates flower senescence and postharvest physiology special topic - recent advances in orchid tissue culture.
Harmonization of Test Results: What Are the Challenges; How Can We Make It Better? (2013)

Laboratory test results are used to inform decisions on the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Consistent and comparable results from different measurement procedures are important for developing clinical practice guidelines and for those guidelines to be applied to decisions about patient care. ISO document 17511:2003 ( In vitro diagnostic medical devices -- Measurement of quantities in biological samples -- Metrological traceability of values assigned to calibrators and control materials ) states that calibration of routine clinical laboratory measurement procedures be traceable to higher-order reference materials and reference measurement procedures. Such traceability can achieve consistent and comparable results that are sustainable over time and among different measurement procedures.

The terms “standardized” and “harmonized” are frequently used interchangeably to refer to the condition in which results are consistent and comparable among different measurement procedures. “Standardized” refers to the condition in which calibration is traceable to a reference measurement procedure that is typically calibrated with an appropriate reference material. There are situations in which the reference measurement procedure defines the analyte without any primary reference material (e.g., enzyme activity). Standardization has the advantage of trustworthy reproducibility over time and location, because the reference measurement procedure provides a stable anchor for calibration traceability of routine clinical laboratory procedures. “Harmonized” is a more general term. It may include the standardized condition, but it also includes the condition in which results are consistent and comparable in the absence of a reference measurement procedure. The process of harmonization typically depends on the availability of a suitable reference material that can be used as a common calibrator among routine clinical laboratory measurement procedures.

Despite the availability of reference measurement procedures and reference materials, results for many analytes are neither consistent nor comparable when measured with different clinical laboratory procedures. In this Q&A, experts in harmonization of test results offer their …
Response to Comment on “Cutting Edge: Regulatory T Cells Do Not Mediate Suppression via Programmed Cell Death Pathways” (2012)

We thank Drs. Pandiyan and Lenardo for their interest in our study ([1][1]). Defining the mechanisms used by T regulatory cells (Tregs) to mediate suppression is an important but contentious topic ([2][2]). Our study specifically asked if T cells resistant to apoptosis mediated by the proapoptotic