gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Mechanism of Thiol Peroxidase from Escherichia coli (2003)

Escherichia coli thiol peroxidase (Tpx, p20, scavengase) is part of an oxidative stress defense system that uses reducing equivalents from thioredoxin (Trx1) and thioredoxin reductase to reduce alkyl hydroperoxides. Tpx contains three Cys residues, Cys(95), Cys(82), and Cys(61), and the latter residue aligns with the N-terminal active site Cys of other peroxidases in the peroxiredoxin family. To identify the catalytically important Cys, we have cloned and purified Tpx and four mutants (C61S, C82S, C95S, and C82S,C95S). In rapid reaction kinetic experiments measuring steady-state turnover, C61S is inactive, C95S retains partial activity, and the C82S mutation only slightly affects reaction rates. Furthermore, a sulfenic acid intermediate at Cys(61) generated by cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) treatment was detected in UV-visible spectra of 4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-labeled C82S,C95S, confirming the identity of Cys(61) as the peroxidatic center. In stopped-flow kinetic studies, Tpx and Trx1 form a Michaelis complex during turnover with a catalytic efficiency of 3.0 x 10(6) m(-1) s(-1), and the low K(m) (9.0 microm) of Tpx for CHP demonstrates substrate specificity toward alkyl hydroperoxides over H(2)O(2) (K(m) > 1.7 mm). Rapid inactivation of Tpx due to Cys(61) overoxidation is observed during turnover with CHP and a lipid hydroperoxide, 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, but not H(2)O(2). Unlike most other 2-Cys peroxiredoxins, which operate by an intersubunit disulfide mechanism, Tpx contains a redox-active intrasubunit disulfide bond yet is homodimeric in solution.
Distinct Profiles of Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Mediators and Corresponding Receptor Gene Expression in Periodontal Inflammation (2020)

Polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) play an important role in modulating inflammation. The aim of the study was to compare profiles of SPMs, SPM related lipid mediators and SPM receptor gene expression in gingiva of subjects with periodontitis to healthy controls. A total of 28 subjects were included; 13 periodontally healthy and 15 periodontitis before or after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Gingival tissues were collected from two representative posterior teeth prior to and 8 weeks after scaling and root planning; only once in the healthy group. Lipid mediator-SPM metabololipidomics was performed to identify metabolites in gingiva. qRT-PCR was performed to assess relative gene expression (2<sup>-ΔΔCT</sup>) of known SPM receptors. Intergroup comparisons were made using Wilcoxon tests. Thirty-six omega-6 or omega-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediators and seven receptor genes were identified in gingiva. Profiles of lipid mediators and receptor gene expression were significantly different between the three groups. Levels of six lipid mediators, 5-HETE, 15-HETE, 15(S)-HEPE, 4-HDHA, 7-HDHA, and 17-HDHA in periodontitis before treatment were significantly higher than in periodontitis after treatment. The expression of <i>BLT1</i> in the healthy group was significantly higher than periodontitis subjects before and after treatment. The expression of <i>GPR18</i> in periodontitis before treatment was significantly higher than in periodontitis after treatment while the expression of <i>GPR32</i> in periodontitis before treatment was significantly lower than in periodontitis after treatment. Elevated levels of SPM biosynthetic pathway markers in periodontitis subjects before treatment indicated inflammation induced pro-resolution activity in gingiva, but receptors for these molecules were deficient in periodontitis pre-treatment suggesting that failure of resolution of inflammation contributes to excess, chronic inflammation in periodontitis.
CO2 Storage in Coal Seams: Coupling Surface Adsorption and Strain (2012)

International audience
Fabrication of c‐axis–oriented AlN bulk ceramics using a rotating magnetic field (2022)

Abstract Controlling the crystallographic orientation in bulk ceramics is expected to improve their properties that depend on the axis of the crystal structure. The development of crystallographic orientation using a magnetic field has been reported in various types of bulk ceramics with anisotropic crystal structures. In this study, c‐axis–oriented AlN bulk ceramics were prepared by slip casting in a rotating high magnetic field. The c‐axes of 61% of the grains were aligned within 20°. Due to this orientation, the thermal conductivity of AlN was improved. A thermal conductivity difference of approximately 14% at room temperature was observed for the samples with different orientation axes, which is higher than its intrinsic anisotropy.
A Bendable Load Stiffened Wing for Small UAVs (2010)

A bendable load stiffened wing, developed at the University of Florida, has the ability to load stiffen in the positive flight load direction while remaining compliant in the opposite direction, enabling UAV storage inside smaller packing volumes. The wing employs an under-cambered airfoil with a swept planform providing dissimilar stiffness in the flight load and the folding direction. A comparative experimental study is performed using two wing geometries; straight camber and swept camber. The load stiffening ability is tested by performing three point bend tests while monitoring the wing root airfoil shape change using a visual image correlation technique. For the wing utilizing a swept camber design, increase in the root airfoil camber with increased loading resulted in a load stiffening structure. Swept camber wing showed a higher load carrying capacity (7 g's load factor) over a straight camber wing design (2 g's load factor), still maintaining the compliant nature in the folding direction. Long term storage induced creep deformations are small in both of the wing geometries. By increasing the wing stiffness, sweepback helps in reducing spanwise residual creep strain. Wind tunnel tests at Re = 7×10 4 of both the straight camber and the swept camber wing show similar L/D ratios. The sweepback helps in improving the static stability of the wing. Thus the bendable load stiffened wing has a clear advantage of offering stiffness improvement and reducing storage induced creep residual strains while maintaining the aerodynamic efficiency and improving the static stability of the wing.
Vascular Signaling in Allogenic Solid Organ Transplantation – The Role of Endothelial Cells (2020)

Graft rejection remains the major obstacle after vascularized solid organ transplantation. Endothelial cells, which form the interface between the transplanted graft and the host's immunity, are the first target for host immune cells. During acute cellular rejection endothelial cells are directly attacked by HLA I and II-recognizing NK cells, macrophages, and T cells, and activation of the complement system leads to endothelial cell lysis. The established forms of immunosuppressive therapy provide effective treatment options, but the treatment of chronic rejection of solid organs remains challenging. Chronic rejection is mainly based on production of donor-specific antibodies that induce endothelial cell activation-a condition which phenotypically resembles chronic inflammation. Activated endothelial cells produce chemokines, and expression of adhesion molecules increases. Due to this pro-inflammatory microenvironment, leukocytes are recruited and transmigrate from the bloodstream across the endothelial monolayer into the vessel wall. This mononuclear infiltrate is a hallmark of transplant vasculopathy. Furthermore, expression profiles of different cytokines serve as clinical markers for the patient's outcome. Besides their effects on immune cells, activated endothelial cells support the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. In turn, muscle cell recruitment leads to neointima formation followed by reduction in organ perfusion and eventually results in tissue injury. Activation of endothelial cells involves antibody ligation to the surface of endothelial cells. Subsequently, intracellular signaling pathways are initiated. These signaling cascades may serve as targets to prevent or treat adverse effects in antibody-activated endothelial cells. Preventive or therapeutic strategies for chronic rejection can be investigated in sophisticated mouse models of transplant vasculopathy, mimicking interactions between immune cells and endothelium.
Reed-Solomon error control coding for Rayleigh fading channels with feedback (1992)

The use of nonbinary block error control codes over Rayleigh fading channels with feedback is examined. It is assumed that the fading is slow with respect to the rate of symbol transmission. Expressions are derived for the probabilities of channel symbol error and erasure, which are in turn used to develop expressions for code symbol error and erasure. Two erasure generation mechanisms are considered, one based on the existence of channel amplitude side information, the other not. This analytical framework is used to evaluate the performance of the Reed-Solomon/hybrid-ARQ protocol (RS/HARQ) over fading channels with feedback. The RS/HARQ system uses erasure decoding in a hybrid-ARQ protocol to provide excellent reliability performance at the expense of a reduction in throughput. The RS/HARQ protocol allows for the variation of the erasure threshold and the effective diameter of the decoding operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Associations between endotoxin‐induced metabolic changes and temperament in Brahman bulls, (2013)

The influence of temperament on the alteration of metabolic parameters in response to a lipopolysaccharide(LPS) challenge was investigated. Brahman bulls were selected based on temperament score. Bulls (10 months; 211±5kg BW; n = 6, 8 and 7 for Calm, Intermediate and Temperamental groups, respectively) were fitted with indwelling jugular catheters to evaluate peripheral blood concentrations of glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN),non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, epinephrine and cortisol before and after LPS administration (0.5 μg/kg BW LPS). Feed intake was also recorded. Intermediate bulls consumed more feed than the Temperamental bulls during the challenge (p = 0.046). Pre-LPS glucose (p = 0.401) and BUN (p = 0.222) did not differ among the temperament groups. However, pre-LPS insulin (p = 0.023) was lower, whereas pre-LPS NEFA (p < 0.001),cortisol (p < 0.001) and epinephrine (p < 0.001) were greater in Temperamental than in Calm and Intermediate bulls. Post-LPS glucose was increased in Calm and Intermediate bulls but not in Temperamental bulls(p < 0.001). Insulin concentrations post-LPS were greater in Calm than in Intermediate and Temperamental bulls (p < 0.001). Concentrations of NEFA post-LPS were greater in Temperamental than in Calm and Intermediate bulls (p < 0.001). Serum BUN concentration increased post-LPS, with values being greater in Calm and Intermediate than in Temperamental bulls (p = 0.012). Collectively, these data demonstrate that animal temperament is related to the metabolic responses of Brahman bulls following a provocative endotoxin challenge.Specifically, Temperamental bulls may preferentially utilize an alternate energy source (i.e. NEFA) to a greater degree than do bulls of Calm and Intermediate temperaments. The use of circulating NEFA from lipolysis may reduce the negative metabolic consequences of an immune response by allowing for a prompt answer to increasing energy demands required during immunological challenge, compared with the time required for glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
Plant for chemical thermal treatment and ultrasonic impact for surface layer strengthening in steel parts (2018)

In connection with the intensification of operating processes, increase of tool displacement, increase of working temperatures and pressures a role of surface layer quality grows that determines an urgency for the development of new methods for its assurance. The paper reports the consideration of the plant for chemical thermal treatment and an ultrasonic impact for surface layer strengthening in steel parts.
In-Situ Observation of Li-O2 Electrochemical Reactions Using Electrochemical AFM (2014)

Despite outstanding gravimetric energy density of a nonaqueous lithium-oxygen (Li–O 2 ) battery in regard to promising future energy storage, a true Li–O 2 electrochemical reaction has not been deeply understood. In particular, a little knowledge of dynamic Li–O 2 process of formation, growth and decomposition of Li 2 O 2 has been known. Here, we present in–situ imaging of the Li–O 2 electrochemical reactions using atomic force microscopy (AFM) coupled with electrochemical tester. [1,2] A highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and metallic lithium were employed to working and counter/reference electrodes, respectively, which were fully immersed in O 2 gas-saturated tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (tetraglyme) containing 0.5 M of LiTFSI (LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ). Cyclic voltammetry was carried out at a potential range of 2.0-4.5 V with a scanning of HOPG surface by an insulating AFM tip in an Ar-filled glove box, which offered almost identical condition to the actual Li-O 2 cell. In addition, the AFM tip scanning for imaging did not significantly disturb the growth/decomposition process of Li 2 O 2 . Upon the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the nucleation of nanoparticle (diameter = 3–10 nm) was observed at the step edge of HOPG. These nanoparticles grew up to a diameter of 200 nm and migrated to the terrace of HOPG. When the potential approached to 2.0 V, new morphology products having rectangular and elongated nanoplates were rapidly formed at the edge of HOPG, which became predominant products for further reduction, thus constructing a thick Li 2 O 2 film, demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Interestingly, the size of Li 2 O 2 nanoplates on the top surface of Li 2 O 2 film was much smaller than the one on the HOPG, which was probably attributed to slow charge transport according to growth of thick Li 2 O 2 film having the poor electronic conductivity. The Li 2 O 2 was decomposed upon oxygen evolution reaction (OER), where the thick and dense Li 2 O 2 film delayed its decomposition and demanded for higher oxidation potential compared to the thin and low density of Li 2 O 2 . For control experiments, we replaced the ether-based electrolyte and HOPG electrode with carbonate and nanoporous gold, and also extended the voltammetry cycling number. These conditions provided different morphology of products and chemical identifications, which would be discussed in the presentation. References [1] Wen, R.; Hong, M.; Byon, H. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013 , 135 , 10870-10876. [2] Wen, R.; Byon, H. R. Chem. Commun. 2014 , 50 , 2628-2631.
Visible-Light-Driven Carboxylation of Aryl Halides by the Combined Use of Palladium and Photoredox Catalysts (2017)

A highly useful, visible-light-driven carboxylation of aryl bromides and chlorides with CO<sub>2</sub> was realized using a combination of Pd(OAc)<sub>2</sub> as a carboxylation catalyst and Ir(ppy)<sub>2</sub>(dtbpy)(PF<sub>6</sub>) as a photoredox catalyst. This carboxylation reaction proceeded in high yields under 1 atm of CO<sub>2</sub> with a variety of functionalized aryl bromides and chlorides without the necessity of using stoichiometric metallic reductants.
Virtual-Power Flow and Mechanical Gear-Mesh Power Losses of Epicyclic Gear Trains (2006)

The concept of virtual power is first defined as the power measured, in a noninertial frame, in an epicyclic gear train. We then introduce the concept of virtual-power ratio, an invariant related to the power loss in an epicyclic system. It is shown that virtual-power flow and balance exist in an epicyclic gear train, based on which a novel algorithm to compute the gear-mesh powerloss and the train efficiency is formulated. This algorithm is general enough to be applied to any given epicyclic gear train. Our results are compared with previous work on the subject.
On edge structure based adaptive observation model for facial feature tracking (2008)

Facial feature tracking is a crucial and challenging task in computer vision. Recently online-learning methods have become increasingly popular on account of their strong ability to adapt to variations and have achieved good results in tracking. However, all previous work used only raw intensity to build the model, which is very sensitive to condition changes. In this work, we present a real time, fully automatic facial feature detection and tracking approach using adaptive observation models based on edge structure, which is more reliable especially when the lighting state alters during tracking. Experimental results demonstrate that using edge map measures in observation modeling can improve the accuracy and robustness of tracking.
Anti-inflammatory Effect of a Cell-Penetrating Peptide Targeting the Nrf2/Keap1 Interaction (2012)

Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is increasingly recognized as a central regulator of multiple signaling pathways in inflammation and cancer, and the ability to use chemical biological tools to investigate its biological effects is very attractive. A peptide comprising a TAT-conjugated Nrf2 sequence is shown to activate Nrf2 and its downstream target gene heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in a dose-dependent manner in intact human THP-1 monocytes. Levels of Nrf2 protein peak after 3 h, whereas HO-1 mRNA and protein peak after 6 and 12 h, respectively. The peptide is also shown to inhibit the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF. The TAT-14mer constitutes a useful chemical biology tool with potential therapeutic applications.
Analysis of Skin Conductance Reaction Related to Mental Stress Due to Corner Entry Speed of Mobility Scooter (2019)

In this study, we evaluated the mental stress due to corner entry speed while riding a mobility scooter by measuring skin conductance. A mobility scooter is a four-wheel electric wheelchair with a steering bar-handle. These scooters, known as “senior cars” in Japan, are generally sold for use by elderly people. Some of these scooters have a system that automatically reduces their speed to approximately 70% of the maximum depending on the steering angle at corners. However, because of mismatch with the intention of the driver, the preset deceleration rate may be uncomfortable for the driver. With the objective of providing appropriate assistance without any discomfort in such circumstances, we evaluated the mental stress of the driver. Skin conductance (SC) is one index for measuring mental sweating related to sympathetic nerve activity. First, we modified a commercially available mobility scooter for use as an experimental scooter such that it can be controlled using an external personal computer. Then, we measured SC in a task that involved turning right into a corner at a constant speed using the experimental scooter, and evaluated the mental stress due to the corner entry speed. A positive correlation between the amplitude of SC and entry speed was obtained. Further, the results of a questionnaire used to evaluate the ride discomfort after each experimental task indicated that “No Fear” and “Safety” decreased as the speed increased. As these results are consistent with the measurement results of the SC amplitude, we concluded that fear due to corner entry speed can be evaluated using SC.
Soybean protein solubility in potassium hydroxide: an in vitro test of in vivo protein quality (1991)

Experiments were conducted to assess protein solubility in .2% KOH as an indicator of soybean protein quality for chicks and pigs and to assess effects of particle size on protein solubility. As the particle size (micron) of soybean meal (SBM) increased, protein solubility (%) decreased (b = -.0206). In two 9-d chick trials, dehulled SBM (48% CP) was subjected to various autoclaving times and then fed as the sole source of dietary protein to young chicks. Increasing autoclaving times from 0 to 40 min at 120 degrees C resulted in a quadratic decrease in protein solubility. A broken-line model was fitted wherein gain:feed of chicks was plotted as a function of protein solubility. The analysis showed no reduction in feed efficiency with solubilities greater than 59 +/- 1.5% (mean +/- SEM). When solubility was below 59%, however, gain:feed decreased 1.5% for each 1% decrease in protein solubility. The third trial (13 d) was conducted with 7.5-kg pigs fed autoclaved SBM (44% CP) as the primary source of protein. Feed efficiency was significantly decreased when protein solubility was less than 66%. This study showed that protein solubility in KOH was a good index of in vivo soybean protein quality, and that it is important to standardize SBM particle size when applying the KOH assay.
New cyclohexasilanyl derivatives with cobalt and iron substituents (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew cyclohexasilanyl derivatives with cobalt and iron substituentsEdwin Hengge and Markus EiblCite this: Organometallics 1991, 10, 9, 3185–3189Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00055a039https://doi.org/10.1021/om00055a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intragenic and extragenic suppressors of mutations in the heptapeptide repeat domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase II. (1989)

The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains a repeated heptapeptide sequence at its carboxy terminus. Yeast mutants with certain partial deletions of the carboxy-terminal repeat (CTR) domain are temperature-sensitive, cold-sensitive and are inositol auxotrophs. Intragenic and extragenic suppressors of the cold-sensitive phenotype of CTR domain deletion mutants were isolated and studied to investigate the function of this domain. Two types of intragenic suppressing mutations suppress the temperature-sensitivity, cold-sensitivity and inositol auxotrophy of CTR domain deletion mutants. Most intragenic mutations enlarge the repeat domain by duplicating various portions of the repeat coding sequence. Other intragenic suppressing mutations are point mutations in a conserved segment of the large subunit. An extragenic suppressing mutation (SRB2-1) was isolated that strongly suppresses the conditional and auxotrophic phenotypes of CTR domain mutations. The SRB2 gene was isolated and mapped, and an SRB2 partial deletion mutation (srb2 delta 10) was constructed. The srb2 delta 10 mutants are temperature-sensitive, cold-sensitive and are inositol auxotrophs. These phenotypes are characteristic of mutations in genes encoding components of the transcription apparatus. We propose that the SRB2 gene encodes a factor that is involved in RNA synthesis and may interact with the CTR domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II.