gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increase of mannose residues, as Salmonella typhimurium-adhering factor, on the cecal mucosa of germ-free chickens infected with Eimeria tenella (1993)

To study increase of the Salmonella population in the cecum of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella, quantitative changes in mannose residues on the cecal mucosa were investigated. Inhibition of S typhimurium adherence to the cecum by a 2% carbohydrate (D-mannose, D-galactose, L-fucose, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside) in phosphate-buffered saline solution was examined. Only D-mannose had inhibitory effects. Whereas, D-galactose had somewhat enhancing effects on adherence of S typhimurium to the cecal mucosa of uninfected germ-free chickens. In infected and uninfected chickens, D-mannose inhibited adherence of S typhimurium. D-Mannose significantly (P < 0.05) increased adherence of Bacteroides sp. In infected and uninfected chickens, D-mannose did not have any effect on adherence of Clostridium perfringens and Bifidobacterium thermophilum. Under microscopic observation, only concanavalin A and Lens culinaris agglutinin, of 8 lectins examined, were recognized as lectin-positive staining lines or spots in the cecal mucosa, indicating presence of mannose residues on the cecal mucosa. In E tenella-infected chickens, lectin-positive staining was seen strongly on the coarse surface of damaged cells and at the bottom of the crypts. These results indicate that coccidial infection may induce increase of mannose residues on the intestinal surface and allow adhesion of more salmonellae to the intestine.
Permanent pacemaker implantation technique: part II (2009)

<b>Background:</b> Currently there is no agreement on the optimal time to treatment of breast cancer; however, given the considerable emphasis on early detection, one would expect a similar emphasis on early treatment. The purpose of our study was to assess the time interval to surgery from initiation of diagnosis among Quebec women with breast cancer and to examine the influence on waiting time of age, pattern of care and cancer stage. <b>Methods:</b> Records of physician fee-for-service claims and of hospital admissions were obtained for all Quebec women who underwent an invasive procedure for the diagnosis or treatment of breast cancer between 1992 and 1998. Waiting time was calculated as the number of days between the first diagnostic procedure and surgical treatment. <b>Results:</b> There were 29 606 episodes of breast cancer surgery among 28 100 women: 5922 mastectomies and 23 684 lumpectomies. The absolute number of episodes of breast cancer treated with surgery rose from 3626 in 1992 to 5162 in 1998. The overall median waiting time was 34 days (interquartile range [IQR] 19–62); 13.5% of the women waited longer than 90 days. The median waiting time rose from 29 days (IQR 15–54) in 1992 to 42 days (IQR 24–72) in 1998, representing a relative increase of 37% (95% confidence interval [CI] 32%–43%) after adjusting for age and cancer stage. The median waiting time increased with the number of diagnostic procedures, from 24 days (IQR 14–42) with 1 procedure to 48 days (IQR 27–84) with 3 procedures to 72 days (IQR 43–121) with 4 procedures, representing adjusted relative increases of 97% (95% CI 91%–103%) and 194% (95% CI 181%–208%), respectively. The proportion of women receiving 3 or more diagnostic procedures before surgery increased steadily over the study period, from 19.2% in 1992 to 33.0% in 1998. The median waiting time was shorter with more advanced stages of cancer: 53 days (IQR 30–86) for carcinoma in situ, 35 (IQR 20–62) for localized disease, 28 (IQR 16–49) for regional disease and 24 (IQR 11–52) for disseminated disease. <b>Interpretation:</b> Waiting time between initial diagnosis and first surgery for breast cancer has increased substantially in Quebec between 1992 and 1998. Possible explanations include increased demand, decreased resources and changes in patterns of care.
ZnO Nanorod Arrays by Plasma‐Enhanced CVD for Light‐Activated Functional Applications (2010)

Switch of the surface properties: Supported ZnO nanorod arrays with tailored roughness and aspect ratios are successfully synthesized by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Such nanostructures exhibit significant superhydrophilic and photocatalytic properties tunable as a function of their morphological organization (see picture). This renders them promising building blocks for the fabrication of stimuli-responsive materials.
Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by cigarette smoke (2019)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease that is characterized by functional and structural alterations primarily caused by long-term inhalation of harmful particles. Cigarette smoke (CS) induces airway inflammation in COPD, which is known to persist even after smoking cessation. This review discusses the basic pathogenesis of COPD, with particular focus on an endogenous protective mechanism against oxidative stress via Nrf2, altered immune response of the airway inflammatory cells, exaggerated cellular senescence of the lung structural cells, and cell death with expanded inflammation. Recently, CS-induced mitochondria autophagy is reported to initiate programmed necrosis (necroptosis). Necroptosis is a new concept of cell death which is driven by a defined molecular pathway along with exaggerated inflammation. This new cell death mechanism is of importance due to its ability to produce more inflammatory substances during the process of epithelial death, contributing to persistent airway inflammation that cannot be explained by apoptosis-derived cell death. Autophagy is an auto-cell component degradation system executed by lysosomes that controls protein and organelle degradation for successful homeostasis. As well as in the process of necroptosis, autophagy is also observed during cellular senescence. Aging of the lungs results in the acquisition of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP) that are known to secrete inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. In future research, we intend to highlight the genetic and epigenetic approaches that can facilitate the understanding of disease susceptibility. The goal of precision medicine is to establish more accurate diagnosis and treatment methods based on the patient-specific pathogenic characteristics. This review provides insights into CS-induced COPD pathogenesis, which contributes to a very complex disease. Investigating the mechanism of developing COPD, along with the availability of the particular inhibitors, will lead to new therapeutic approaches in COPD treatment.
Electrochemical formation of tin oxide-hydroxide composite films for the application to electrochromic devices (2017)

Liquid-state ion-storage layers which are commonly used for electrochromic devices (ECDs) have the problem of liquid leakage caused from mechanical damage or time degradation of sealing materials. To overcome this drawback, we tried to form Sn(O,H)x films comprising mixtures of tin oxide (SnO2) and tin hydroxide (Sn(OH)4) by electrodeposition in order to apply them to the solid-state ion-storage layers of solid-state ECDs. The Sn(O,H)x films were formed by anodic potentiostatic electrodeposition at 0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl using 0.01 mol/L SnSO4 aqueous solution. Characterization of the samples with X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that they are composed of SnO2 and Sn(OH)4. Moreover, a coloring experiment of an ECD having a structure of FTO/ WO3(H2O)0.33/Sn(O,H)x/Cu was carried out under the application of a voltage, and it changed the color from pale yellow to blue in the coloring experiment. This result shows that the Sn(O,H)x films possesses the function as the solid-state ion-storage layers of solid-state ECDs.
The Chemistry of Barrelene. III. A Unique Photoisomerization to Semibullvalene (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Barrelene. III. A Unique Photoisomerization to SemibullvaleneHoward E. Zimmerman and Gary L. GrunewaldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1, 183–184Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00953a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00953a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1254Altmetric-Citations191LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of oxygen and antioxidants on the cis-trans-isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids caused by thiyl radicals (2010)

The interaction of unsaturated compounds methyllinoleate and β-carotene with thiyl radicals occurred in exchange radical reactions with mercaptoethanol. β-Carotene was shown to be an effective thiyl radical acceptor. In the case of methyllinoleate, thiyl radicals catalyze cis/trans isomerization, which can be reduced by the natural antioxidant α-tocopherol; the cis/trans isomerization rate decreases in an oxygen atmosphere.
On the performance of data receivers with a restricted detection delay (1994)

is well known that the performance of a data receiver for an intersymbol interference (ISI) channel can depend strongly on the detection delay δ. For a discrete-time communication system, this paper derives a lower bound on the bit-error probability as a function of δ. This “restricted delay bound” is governed by a “restricted-delay distance” d(δ). In many instances, it improves upon Forney’s bound, which is governed by the minimum distance d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> . For instance, for partial-response channels, d(δ) does not converge to d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> even as δ-∝. For channels without spectral zeros, a finite detection delay suffices for d(δ) to coincide with d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> . For all finite δ, d(δ) is determined by a finite number of error patterns and may be computed in a straightforward manner. Unlike d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> , d(δ) depends on the phase characteristics of the channel. Minimum phase is proved to maximize d(δ). The lower bound is generalized to discrete-time channels with colored noise and to continuous-time channels. The effect of transforming a continuous-time channel into a discrete-time channel is discussed. Transformation via a matched filter, as in the IS1 canceller and a Viterbi detector due to Ungerboeck and MacKechnie, is shown to result in poor restricted-delay properties. Implications of these results are illustrated by means of examples.
Time-resolved studies of stimulated emission from colloidal dye solutions (1996)

The temporal profiles of the emission from titania particle suspensions in Rhodamine 640 perchlorate dye solutions excited by 10-ps pulses of 527-nm radiation were measured over a wide range of particle and dye concentrations and laser powers. The dynamics of stimulated emission from random media is modeled by a random walk of photons within the colloid and rate equations for molecular excitations. The pulse width and the dependence of the threshold for laser action on dye and scatter concentration are computed by a Monte Carlo simulation of the model and are found to be in qualitative agreement with experiment.
Electric home heating (1951)

BECAUSE OF a mild climate (3,613 degree days per year) and a very low residential power rate, electrical house heating has become so popular in the territory served by the Nashville Electric Service that at the close of 1950 over 11,000 homes were heated electrically. This represents a saturation of nearly 15 per cent. Practically all of these have been connected since 1945.
Directed Evolution of Motor Neurons from Genetically Engineered Neural Precursors (2008)

Stem cell-based therapies hold therapeutic promise for degenerative motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and for spinal cord injury. Fetal neural progenitors present less risk of tumor formation than embryonic stem cells but inefficiently differentiate into motor neurons, in line with their low expression of motor neuron-specific transcription factors and poor response to soluble external factors. To overcome this limitation, we genetically engineered fetal rat spinal cord neurospheres to express the transcription factors HB9, Nkx6.1, and Neurogenin2. Enforced expression of the three factors rendered neural precursors responsive to Sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid and directed their differentiation into cholinergic motor neurons that projected axons and formed contacts with cocultured myotubes. When transplanted in the injured adult rat spinal cord, a model of acute motor neuron degeneration, the engineered precursors transiently proliferated, colonized the ventral horn, expressed motor neuron-specific differentiation markers, and projected cholinergic axons in the ventral root. We conclude that genetic engineering can drive the differentiation of fetal neural precursors into motor neurons that efficiently engraft in the spinal cord. The strategy thus holds promise for cell replacement in motor neuron and related diseases. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. (1992)

We reviewed the clinical findings in 55 patients with cerebellar degeneration associated with the anti-Yo antibody (an anti-Purkinje cell antibody identified in this study by histochemistry and Western blot). The patients were all women, 26 to 85 years old. Fifty-two of them proved to have malignancies, almost exclusively breast or gynecologic cancers and usually confined to the involved organs and local lymph nodes. One woman had adenocarcinoma of the lung, and in three no malignancy has yet been identified. In 34 of 52 patients with cancer, the neurologic syndrome preceded the diagnosis of cancer and in many led to that diagnosis. Patients subacutely developed a pancerebellar disorder that was substantially disabling in most, with 37 of 48 assessable patients being unable to walk or sit unassisted. Laboratory evaluation revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis in 35 patients, with eventual cerebellar atrophy on imaging studies in seventeen. The disabling neurologic syndrome generally did not respond to treatment, but the cancer was often successfully treated. The presence of the anti-Yo antibody in patients with cerebellar symptoms warrants an aggressive approach to diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cancer, as many are curable at the time neurologic symptoms develop.
The Equivalence of Various Methods of Computing Biquad Coefficients for Audio Parametric Equalizers (1994)

Several authors have put forth design procedures for obtaining the coefficient values for second order digital filters to be used as parametric equalizers or &amp;quot;presence&amp;quot; filters. Given the EQ parameters, these differing design methods, having greatly disparate degrees of complexity, compute the filter coefficients. This paper shows that, with the possible exception of Q or bandwidth definition, all methods must be equivalent and the simplest method may be used. A method of computation is presented here in which the bandwidth is specified in octaves. 0
Smartwatch-induced cardiology referral due to pulse underdetection with premature ventricular complexes (2021)

Recent studies have brought the potential role of smartwatches in pulse rate and arrhythmia monitoring to public attention,1–3 potentially leading to the misconception that the technology provides information of diagnostic quality. While some of the latest smartwatches can now record single-lead electrograms,4 the majority owned by the general public use photoplethysmography (PPG) to measure pulse rates. However, in the presence of arrhythmias causing reduced left ventricular output and hence pulsatile microvasculature blood volume at the periphery, PPG may the underdetect pulse rate, analogous to the well-recognized clinical finding of an apical–radial deficit.
Slag‐fly ash and slag‐metakaolin binders: Part II —Properties of precursors and NMR study of poorly ordered phases (2018)

Abstract Sodium silicate‐activated slag‐fly ash binders ( SFB ) and slag‐metakaolin binders ( SMKB ) are room‐temperature hardening binders that have excellent mechanical properties and a significantly lower carbon footprint than ordinary Portland cement ( OPC ). The aim of this study was to use nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy to study the nanostructure of poorly ordered phases in SFB by varying slag/fly ash ratio, curing time, and curing temperature. Fly ash was completely substituted with metakaolin and the effect of this substitution on the poorly ordered phases was studied. It was observed that the proportion of geopolymer was generally higher in SMKB when compared to SFB . Although C–N–A–S–H and geopolymer coexisted in SFB and SMKB , C–N–A–S–H was the major product phase formed. The mean chain length ( MCL ) and the structure of C–N–A–S–H gel were estimated as a function of time, temperature, and slag/fly ash ratio. The MCL was found to have a negative correlation with slag/fly ash ratio and Ca/(Si+Al) ratio, but positive correlation with curing temperature. The average Si/Al atom ratios for geopolymers were also estimated. Lastly, the increased proportion of five‐coordinated aluminum (Al(V)) in metakaolin resulted in the decreased unreacted metakaolin in the hardened binder but did not increase the geopolymer content.
Cumulative and booster effects of tdcs sessions on drug cravings, lapse, and cognitive impairment in methamphetamine use disorder: A case study report (2016)

Moreover, booster tDCS treatments might be helpful in controlling psychological stress and drug cravings. (Am J Addict 2016;25:264-266).
Detection of Intra-abdominal Injury Using Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage after Shotgun Wound to the Abdomen (2003)

For patients presenting with SGWA who do not present with indications for immediate laparotomy, DPL is a reliable indicator of intra-abdominal injury and need for operative intervention.
A Study on Knowledge on Breast Feeding of College Students by Their General Characteristics (2008)

The breast feeding habits of 507 college students were evaluated between March 27 to April 26 (2006). Data were collected from self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS for Windows V.12.0. The study population consisted of 245 (48.3%) male and 262 (51.7%) female college students that answered ‘yes’ when asked whether they had been breast feed. A total of 52.7% of the study population were fed with breast milk (most frequent answer), as opposed to 11.0% that were fed with infant formula (least frequent answer) during their infancy. When asked whether they ever got educated on breast feeding, 78.1% of the college student subjects answered ‘no’. A total of 95.1% of the female college students replied ‘yes’ when asked if they intended to breast feed their child. Moreover, 62.2% of the college student subjects indicated that their parents had an influence on their decision to breast feed. A comparison between male and female college students indicated that female college students had a superior knowledge level of the general characteristics of breast feeding over the male subjects (p
Buoyancy-driven displacement ventilation flows: Evaluation of two eddy viscosity turbulence models for prediction (1998)

A computational fluid dynamics code has been used to model buoyancy-driven displacement ventilation flows. The results of using two eddy viscosity turbulence models are compared with those of mathematical theory and salt bath experiments carried out at the University of Cambridge. The work highlights some of the difficulties involved in modelling buoyancy-driven flows and identifies a preferable turbulence model for predicting such flows.
Tumour Regression of Uveal Melanoma after Ruthenium-106 Brachytherapy or Stereotactic Radiotherapy with Gamma Knife or Linear Accelerator (2003)

Brachytherapy with ruthenium-106 plaques results in a faster tumour regression as compared to teletherapy with gamma knife or Linac. Internal reflectivity increases comparably in all 3 groups. Besides tumour growth arrest, increasing internal reflectivity is considered as an important factor indicating successful treatment.
Control of the Conformational Equilibria in Aza-cis-Decalins:  Structural Modification, Solvation, and Metal Chelation (2002)

A series of amino alcohol- and diamino-cis-decalins were synthesized and their conformational properties investigated. The equilibrium distributions of the conformational isomers were measured via NMR spectroscopy. The equilibrium ratios depend on the position of the substituents on the decalin ring system and the solvent. The 7-substituted 1-aza-cis-decalins are more likely to adopt the N-in form than the 5-substituted analogues. The N-in form is generally favored in nonpolar solvents, while the N-out form is favored in polar solvents. Complexation with LiClO4 and Et2Zn alters the equilibrium to favor the N-in decalin conformer. Both conformers coordinate lithium ions such that "on/off" conformational switching is not observed for these decalins. Comparison of the results with complexation studies of (-)-sparteine allows the criteria for an ideal "on/off" conformational switch to be defined.
Herstellung pulverförmiger mehrphasiger Komposite mittels des PGSS‐Verfahrens (2007)

Abstract In den vergangenen Jahren lag der Schwerpunkt der Partikelerzeugung mit Hilfe des PGSS (Particles from Gas Saturated Solutions) ‐Verfahrens auf der Herstellung von Pulvern aus Einkomponentensystemen und Kompositen aus festen Ausgangsmaterialien für die Pulverlackindustrie. Zur Erzeugung von Pulverlacken wurden hierbei zumeist komplett mischbare Systeme aus einem Härter und einem Binder versprüht. In Ergänzung zu den vorangegangenen Arbeiten wurden jetzt erstmalig mehrphasige pulverförmige Komposite hergestellt, bei denen eine Flüssigkeit in Pulverpartikeln eingekapselt wurde. Es wurden unterschiedliche Systeme untersucht, um die Eigenschaften und Abhängigkeiten der erzeugten Systeme von den Prozessparametern, den benutzten Substanzen und der Emulsionsstabilität zu zeigen. Dies wird unter anderem für ein Paraffinwachs gezeigt, das in einem Polyester verkapselt wurde. Um den Einfluss der Emulsionsstabilität näher zu untersuchen, wurden drei weitere Stoffpaarungen mit erhöhter Emulsionsstabilität pulverisiert.
Self-Tracking Energy Transfer for Neural Stimulation in Untethered Mice (2015)

Mice, it turns out, are dielectric. The authors use this property to couple intrinsic resonant modes of a mouse's body to a wireless transmitter, and so power an implanted miniature electronic device with improved efficiency. This approach will enable behavioral and neuroscience experiments without wires, harnesses or tethers.