gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Say their names: Resurgence in the collective attention toward Black victims of fatal police violence following the death of George Floyd (2023)

The murder of George Floyd by police in May 2020 sparked international protests and brought unparalleled levels of attention to the Black Lives Matter movement. As we show, his death set record levels of activity and amplification on Twitter, prompted the saddest day in the platform's history, and caused his name to appear among the ten most frequently used phrases in a day, where he is the only individual to have ever received that level of attention who was not known to the public earlier that same week. Importantly, we find that the Black Lives Matter movement's rhetorical strategy to connect and repeat the names of past Black victims of police violence-foregrounding racial injustice as an ongoing pattern rather than a singular event-was exceptionally effective following George Floyd's death: attention given to him extended to over 185 prior Black victims, more than other past moments in the movement's history. We contextualize this rising tide of attention among 12 years of racial justice activism on Twitter, demonstrating how activists and allies have used attention and amplification as a recurring tactic to lift and memorialize the names of Black victims of police violence. Our results show how the Black Lives Matter movement uses social media to center past instances of police violence at an unprecedented scale and speed, while still advancing the racial justice movement's longstanding goal to "say their names."
Geriatric Syndromes and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease (2023)

Key Points In older adults with CKD, geriatric syndromes are common and are associated with reduced quality of life. Addressing geriatric syndromes could potentially improve quality of life for older adults with CKD. Background Geriatric syndromes, which are multifactorial conditions common in older adults, predict health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Although CKD is associated with lower HRQOL, whether geriatric syndromes contribute to HRQOL in CKD is unknown. Our objective was to compare associations of geriatric syndromes and medical conditions with HRQOL in older adults with CKD. Methods This was a secondary analysis of a parallel-group randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating a 12-month exercise intervention in persons 55 years or older with CKD stage 3b–4. Participants were assessed for baseline geriatric syndromes (cognitive impairment, poor appetite, dizziness, fatigue, and chronic pain) and medical conditions (diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, cancer, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Participants' HRQOL was assessed with the Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36), EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-Level, and the EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale. We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of geriatric syndromes and medical conditions with HRQOL using multiple linear regression. Results Among 99 participants, the mean age was 68.0 years, 25% were female, and 62% were Black. Participants had a baseline mean of 2.0 geriatric syndromes and 2.1 medical conditions; 49% had ≥ two geriatric syndromes and ≥ two medical conditions concurrently. Sixty-seven (68%) participants underwent 12-month assessments. In models using geriatric syndromes and medical conditions as concurrent exposures, the number of geriatric syndromes was cross-sectionally associated with SF-36 scores for general health ( β =−0.385) and role limitations because of physical health ( β =−0.374) and physical functioning ( β =−0.300, all P &lt;0.05). The number of medical conditions was only associated with SF-36 score for role limitations because of physical health ( β =−0.205). Conclusions In older adults with CKD stage 3b–4, geriatric syndromes are common and are associated with lower HRQOL. Addressing geriatric conditions is a potential approach to improve HRQOL for older adults with CKD. Clinical Trial registry name and registration number: NCT01462097; Registration Date–October 26, 2011.
Conceptual Study of Analog Baseband Beam Forming: Design and Measurement of an Eight-by-Eight Phased Array (2009)

We report on the design and measurement of an eight-by-eight modular phased array that uses analog quadrature baseband phase shifters. The array is designed for 2.4 GHz and has a few MHz of bandwidth. Though for such frequency, bandwidth and number of elements, digital beam forming is still feasible with contemporary analog-to-digital converters (ADC), the design is a proof of concept for analog baseband beam forming and shows that this technique will work at frequencies and bandwidths beyond ADCs capabilities. Besides covering the architecture, implementation and the measurement of the array, the calibration is discussed extensively, as this is an inevitable step in activating the antenna.
The effect of color type on early wound healing in farmed mink (Neovison vison) (2017)

We have described differences in early wound healing between mink of the color types Brown, Silverblue and Blue Iris by use of an experimental wound model in farmed mink. The most pronounced difference pertained to the degree of wound size reduction which was greatest in Brown mink, followed by Blue Iris and Silverblue, respectively.
Synthesis of osmium borides by mechanochemical method (2017)

Abstract Transition metal osmium borides were synthesized by mechanochemical method using high‐energy ball‐milling with Os (Osmium) and B (Boron) powders as raw materials. The formation process, reaction mechanism, and thermal stability of the mechochemically synthesized osmium borides were studied. Almost pure Os 2 B 3 phase was obtained when the Os‐to‐B molar ratio was 1:2; while ReB 2 ‐type hexagonal OsB 2 with a small amount of RuB 2 ‐type orthorhombic OsB 2 was obtained when the Os‐to‐B molar ratio was 1:3. Stoichiometry OsB 2 was obtained from boron rich starting mixture powders due to the B loss during the high‐energy ball‐milling process. It was also found that WC and osmium oxide were present as contaminants after ball milling for 40 hours. Heat treatment results revealed that the as‐synthesized Os 2 B 3 powders are thermally stable in flowing Ar up to 800°C, but a transformation from hexagonal to orthorhombic structure partially occurred for the OsB 2 powders as low as 600°C.
Study of thermal parameter temperature dependence of pyroelectric materials (2003)

A simplified photopyroelectric configuration that allows the determination of the temperature-dependent thermal parameters of pyroelectric materials is described. The procedure is based on a combination of phase and amplitude signal data obtained at a single frequency. Experimental results obtained on the thermal parameters of LiTaO3 single crystal are presented.
Structural and biochemical comparison of the anti-mitotic agents colchicine, combretastatin A4 and amphethinile. (1989)

The novel agents amphethinile and combretastatin A4 are shown to be very similar to colchicine in their interactions with purified tubulin. All three agents can inhibit tubulin assembly at similar treatment levels and have comparable affinity constants for tubulin. Amphethinile and combretastatin A4 are capable of displacing colchicine but not vinblastine from tubulin. A comparison of the structures of these agents shows that whereas colchicine and combretastatin A4 contain a trimethoxybenzene group (a moiety also found in other colchicine-like agents such as podophyllotoxins and steganacin) no obvious similarity is seen for amphethinile. The three-dimensional structures of these agents, determined from either crystallographic data or by energy minimization procedures, show, however, that all three agents consist of two planar, or almost planar, ring systems which are tilted with respect to each other. Using computer graphic techniques it can be shown that their ring systems are superimposable and that the planar sections of each molecule are at an angle of 50-60 degrees to each other. It is proposed that the angular bicyclic structure of these agents is one determining factor for their efficient binding to tubulin.
DNA Damage and Impairment of DNA Repair in Alzheimer's Disease (2010)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage has been implicated in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) for a few decades. Although it is an established finding, yet there are limited studies on DNA damage. In both nucleus and mitochondria, DNA damage is primarily free radical mediated. It has been proven that mitochondrial DNA is more vulnerable to damage compared to the nuclear DNA. A few studies summarized in this review throw light on the mechanisms of free radical mediated DNA damage and impairment of DNA repair mechanisms in AD. There is a growing need to initiate studies on DNA damage and repair and unravel the molecular underpinnings entailed in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. The outcome of such studies substantiates the corner stone streamlined to employ therapeutic strategies.
Mechanical Ventilation and Cerebral Palsy (2005)

The article by Laptook et al1 in the March 2005 issue of Pediatrics offered an interesting analysis of varying risk factors related to the development of cerebral palsy (CP) and neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Despite having normal head ultrasound results, the incidence of CP and NDD in ELBW infants was almost 30%. Factors associated with CP/NDD were male gender, multiple births, decreasing birth weight, and increasing duration of conventional mechanical ventilation (MV). The relation of MV duration and CP retained its significance after controlling for other possible confounders in a multiple-regression model. For example, in a group of ELBW infants with the same gestational age, birth weight, gender, race, prenatal history, socioeconomic status, insurance type, use of surfactant and postnatal steroids, and incidence of pneumothorax, necrotizing enterocolitis, and late-onset sepsis, an infant would have a 20% higher chance of developing CP/NDD if he or she were maintained an additional 10 days on MV. The impact … 

Reprint requests to (H.A.) Department of Neonatology, George Washington University Hospital, 900 23rd St NW, Suite G-2092, Washington, DC 20037. E-mail: haly{at}mfa.gwu.edu
Self-Biased Differential Rectifier With Enhanced Dynamic Range for Wireless Powering (2016)

A self-biased cross-coupled differential rectifier is proposed with enhanced power-conversion efficiency (PCE) over an extended range of input power. A prototype is designed for ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) 433-MHz radio-frequency power-harvesting applications and is implemented using a 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The proposed rectifier architecture is compared with the conventional cross-coupled rectifier. It demonstrates an improvement of more than 40% in the rectifier PCE and an input power range extension of more than 50% relative to the conventional cross-coupled rectifier. A sensitivity of -15.2-dBm (30-μW) input power for 1-V output voltage and a peak PCE of 65% are achieved for a 50-kΩ load.
Oligodendrocyte cell death in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: Protection of oligodendrocytes from apoptosis by complement (2006)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It is mediated by activated lymphocytes, macrophages, microglia, and complement. In MS, myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (OLGs) are the targets of inflammatory and immune attacks. OLG death by apoptosis or necrosis causes the cell loss seen in MS plaques. Studies of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in caspase 11-deficient mice show that caspase-mediated death of OLGs is critical to demyelination. Complement activation may affect MS pathogenesis through activated terminal complex C5b-9, which promotes demyelination, and through sublytic C5b-9, which protects OLGs from apoptosis. By inducing EAE in C5-deficient mice, we showed that complement C5 promotes axon preservation and new myelin formation, which protect OLGs from apoptosis. These findings indicate that activated complement C5b-9 plays a proinflammatory role in acute MS but may also protect OLGs from death in chronic MS.
Presenting heterologous epitopes with hepatitis B core-based virus-like particles (2014)

Since the first effort to recombinantly express the capsid protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV), namely hepatitis B core protein (HBc) in bacteria, the remarkable virion-like structure that is formed by this protein has fueled interest in unraveling its structural and antigenic properties. Initial studies proved HBc virus-like particles (VLPs) possess strong immunogenic properties, which can be conveyed to linked antigens. More than 35 years later, numerous studies have been performed using HBc as a carrier protein for antigens derived from over a dozen different pathogens and diseases. This chapter focuses on the development and use of HBc as a VLP platform to present heterologous antigens to the mammalian immune system. The authors summarize the possible molecular strategies that permit fusion of antigens to HBc, as well as the available recombinant expression platforms. Some of the key innate and adaptive immunostimulatory mechanisms that help explain the remarkable immunogenicity of some of the recombinant HBc-VLPs are also reviewed. Finally, the preparation and outcome of clinical trials performed with two novel HBc VLP-based vaccine candidates are discussed.
Hydration Crystallization Reactions between Anhydrous Minerals and Hydrous Melt to Yield Amphibole and Biotite in Igneous Rocks: Description and Implications (2004)

The crystallization of some hydrous magmas can be modeled, in part, via the reaction between hydrous melt and anhydrous minerals to yield hydrous minerals. The reactions (herein termed “hydration crystallization”) are equilibrium, incongruent, vapor‐absent crystallization reactions, the reverse of dehydration‐melting reactions. The principal petrographic evidence for hydration crystallization is partially reacted and resorbed pyroxene and oxide minerals mantled by amphibole and biotite. Hydration crystallization can buffer the water content of mildly hydrous (up to ∼2 wt% H2O) magmas at values below saturation, conceivably to the completion of crystallization, thus contradicting the maxim that “all magmas go to water saturation.” Even if the buffering effect does not persist throughout the crystallization history, water contents of magmas in which these incongruent reactions occur will remain lower than magmas in which they have not. Whether they preclude vapor saturation, equilibrium hydration crystallization reactions control the late magmatic evolution of many hydrous plutons.
Chemistry of carbanions. XXVI. Synthesis of certain .gamma.-alkenyl, .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of carbanions. XXVI. Synthesis of certain .gamma.-alkenyl, .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketonesHerbert O. House, Wei C. Liang, and Paul D. WeeksCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 21, 3102–3107Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00935a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00935a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views790Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Endogenous Alkaloids in Man. Part 9. Potential Tryptophan‐Derived Alkaloids in Chloral‐Treated Patients: Synthesis and Stereostructure. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High intrinsic mobility and ultrafast carrier dynamics in multilayer metal-dichalcogenideMoS2 (2014)

The ultimate limitations on carrier mobilities in metal dichalcogenides, and the dynamics associated with carrier relaxation, are unclear. We present measurements of the frequency-dependent conductivity of multilayer dichalcogenide ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ by optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy. We find mobilities in this material approaching 4200 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at low temperatures. The temperature dependence of scattering indicates that the mobility, an order of magnitude larger than previously reported for ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$, is intrinsically limited by acoustic phonon scattering at THz frequencies. Our measurements of carrier relaxation reveal picosecond cooling times followed by recombination lasting tens of nanoseconds and dominated by Auger scattering into defects. Our results provide a useful context in which to understand and evaluate the performance of ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$-based electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Application of High-Pressure Phase Equilibria to the Selective Oxidation of Alcohols over Supported Platinum Catalysts in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2003)

At conditions above its critical point, the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide may be used as an environmentally benign, nontoxic medium for organic synthesis. The peculiarities and the prediction of the high-pressure phase behavior of the multicomponent reactant mixture related to the selective oxidation of 2-propanol to acetone by molecular oxygen over a carbonsupported platinum catalyst in high-pressure carbon dioxide at 40°C are reported. Very good agreement of vapor-liquid equilibria predictions based on the Patel-Teja equation of state and experimental data obtained with argon as a replacement for oxygen was achieved. From the phase behavior considerations, reaction conditions were derived that ensure single-phase operation for the catalytic 2-propanol oxidation. Optimized product yield and catalyst productivity were reached by balancing the increased reactant concentration, the oxygen/2-propanol ratio and the catalyst deactivation.
Mutations in PNKD Causing Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Alters Protein Cleavage and Stability (IN10-1.005) (2012)

Objective: To characterize biochemical properties of wild type and mutant PNKD protein. Background Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) is a rare autosomal dominant movement disorder triggered by stress, fatigue or consumption of either alcohol or caffeine. Attacks last 1–4 h and consist of dramatic dystonia and choreoathetosis in the limbs, trunk and face. The disease is associated with single amino acid changes (A7V or A9V) in PNKD, a protein of unknown function. Pnkd is homologous to a superfamily of enzymes with conserved b-lactamase domains. It shares highest homology with glyoxalase II but does not catalyze the same reaction. Design/Methods: Here we studied the stability, cellular localization and enzymatic activity of the PNKD protein in cultured cells and transgenic animals. Results: The N-terminus of the wild-type (WT) long PNKD isoform (PNKD-L) undergoes a cleavage event in vitro, resistance to which is conferred by disease-associated mutations. Mutant PNKD-L protein is degraded faster than the WT protein. Lower glutathione levels were found in cortex lysates from Pnkd knockout mice versus WT littermates. Conclusions: These results suggest that the disease mutations underlying PNKD may disrupt protein processing in vivo, a hypothesis supported by our observation of decreased cortical Pnkd-L levels in mutant transgenic mice. Our results suggest an important role for the Pnkd protein in maintaining cellular redox status. Supported by: A Fellowship from the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation (Y.S.), a Bachmann Strauss Dystonia and Parkinson Foundation grant (L.J.P.), the Sandler Neurogenetics fund (L.J.P.) and National Institutes of Health grant NS043533 (L.J.P.). L.J.P. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Disclosure: Dr. Ptacek has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fu has nothing to disclose.
C‐fos gene activation in murine thymocytes by a mechanism independent of protein kinase C or a Ca2+ signal (1988)

The accumulation of c-fos mRNA in mouse thymocytes was compared when the cells were stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A), the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 or the phorbol ester, TPA, either separately or by combinations of these mitogens. The c-fos response to mitogenic concentrations of Con A could not be attributed either to the rise in [Ca2+]i it induces or to activation of protein kinase C. Thus, although Con A causes the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in these cells, neither of the signals which can be generated by this response was responsible for the activation of the c-fos gene by Con A. This implies that some other unidentified signal generated by Con A activates the c-fos gene.
Human interleukin 4. (1994)

Human IL-4 is a mature glycoprotein of 129 amino acids, mostly secreted by activated T cells. It is a pleiotropic cytokine which acts on T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, polymorphonuclears, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. In addition, it acts at various stages of cell differentiation, and its effects are also dependent on the cytokine environment. In particular, IL-4 blocks some of the effects of IL-2 whereas interferon-gamma blocks some of the effects of IL-4. In vitro and in vivo experiments in mouse and in vitro experiments in man have shown that IL-4 plays a crucial role in the induction of IgE production whereas interferons counteract this effect. Human IL-4 binds to a high-affinity receptor which is composed at least of one 130 kDa glycoprotein of 800 amino acids which is a member of the newly described hematopoietin receptor superfamily. IL-4 may prove useful as an anti-tumoral and anti-inflammatory agent.