gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless Sensor Networks for On-Field Agricultural Management Process (2010)

Agriculture is one of the most ancient activities of man in which innovation and technology are usually accepted with difficulty, unless real and immediate solutions are found for specific problems or for improving production and quality. Nevertheless, a new approach of gathering information from the environment could represent an important step towards high quality and eco-sustainable agriculture. Nowadays, irrigation, fertilization and pesticides management are often left to the farmer's and agronomist's discretion: common criteria used to guarantee safe culture and plant growth are often giving a greater amount of chemicals and water than necessary. There is no direct feedback between the decision of treating or irrigating plants and the real effects in the field. Plant conditions are usually committed to sporadic and faraway weather stations that cannot provide accurate and local measurements of the fundamental parameters in each zone of the field. Also, agronomic models, based on these monitored data, cannot provide reliable information. On the contrary, agriculture needs detailed monitoring in order to obtain real time feedback between plants, local climate conditions and man's decisions. The concept of precision agriculture has been around for some time now. The early adopters during that time found precision agriculture to be unprofitable and the instances in which it was implemented were few and far between. Further, the high initial investment in the form of electronic equipment for sensing and communication meant that only large farms could afford it. The technologies proposed at this point comprised three aspects: Remote Sensing (RS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographical Information System (GIS). RS coupled with GPS coordinates produced accurate maps and models of the agricultural fields. The sampling was typically through electronic sensors such as soil probes and remote optical scanners from satellites. The collection of such data in the form of electronic computer databases gave birth to the GIS. Statistical analyses were then conducted on the data and the variability of agricultural land was charted with respect to its properties. The technology, apart from being 1 www.intechopen.com
HIV-1 gp41 envelope residues 650–685 exposed on native virus act as a lectin to bind epithelial cell galactosyl ceramide. (2003)

Page 25654, Fig. 4: Due to an error, the figure printed was incorrect. The correct figure is shown on the facing page.
Multiphysics Modeling of Induction Hardening of Ring Gears for the Aerospace Industry (2011)

Induction heating has been widely used for heat treating and especially surface hardening in a broad variety of applications, ranging from the automotive to the renewable energy market. However, the lack of precise knowledge about the interrelation between all the concurrent physical phenomena occurring within the part during the heating cycle has restricted its use to mass-production items (mostly gears). The benefits of this technology, which is clean, repeatable, and cost-effective, could boost its introduction into more conservative industry sectors, such as aerospace, where furnace-based treatments (e.g., carburizing) represent the golden standard. The major limitation is related to the optimization of the induction hardening process, which usually requires significant material know-how and can thus be very long and expensive. Computer simulation could provide a general tool for understanding and improving the critical aspects of each step of the process, thus speeding up the spreading of the induction technology into new markets.
Electrocorticographic decoding of ipsilateral reach in the setting of contralateral arm weakness from a cortical lesion (2012)

Brain machine interfaces have the potential for restoring motor function not only in patients with amputations or lesions of efferent pathways in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves, but also patients with acquired brain lesions such as strokes and tumors. In these patients the most efficient components of cortical motor systems are not available for BMI control. Here we had the opportunity to investigate the possibility of utilizing subdural electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals to control natural reaching movements under these circumstances. In a subject with a left arm monoparesis following resection of a recurrent glioma, we found that ECoG signals recorded in remaining cortex were sufficient for decoding kinematics of natural reach movements of the nonparetic arm, ipsilateral to the ECoG recordings. The relationship between the subject's ECoG signals and reach trajectory in three dimensions, two of which were highly correlated, was captured with a computationally simple linear model (mean Pearson's r in depth dimension= 0.68, in height= 0.73, in lateral= 0.24). These results were attained with only a small subset of 7 temporal/spectral neural signal features. The small subset of neural features necessary to attain high decoding results show promise for a restorative BMI controlled solely by ipsilateral ECoG signals.
Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-Kinase Iα Impairs Localized Actin Remodeling and Suppresses Phagocytosis (2002)

Actin polymerization drives the extension of pseudopods required for phagocytosis. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) is thought to play a central role in this process, because it interacts with several actin-regulatory proteins and undergoes acute and localized changes at sites of phagocytosis. We therefore studied whether phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIPK), the enzyme responsible for the generation of PIP(2) from phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, is involved in the control of phagocytosis. PIPKIalpha was found to accumulate transiently on forming phagosomes. To test the functional involvement of PIPKIalpha in particle engulfment, we generated a double mutant (D309N/R427Q) that lacks kinase activity. When ectopically expressed in cultured cells, this mutant is targeted to the plasma membrane and accumulates at the phagosomal cup during particle engulfment. Expression of PIP5KIalpha D309N/R427Q impaired phagocytosis in RAW264.7 macrophages and in engineered phagocytes generated by transfection of Fc receptors in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Inhibition of phagocytosis could not be attributed to defects in particle binding or receptor clustering, which was monitored using green fluorescent protein-tagged Fcgamma receptors. Instead, expression of the inactive kinase diminished the accumulation of PIP(2) and of F-actin in the phagosomal cup. These data suggest that PIPKIalpha activity is involved in the actin remodeling that is a prerequisite for efficient phagocytosis. PIPKIalpha appears to contribute to the transient changes in PIP(2) levels that are associated with, and likely required for, the recruitment and regulation of actin-modulating proteins.
Inhibition of Platelet Adhesion to Collagen by Sulfhydryl Inhibitors (1970)

The studies reported present evidence that a free or intact sulfhydryl group is involved in platelet adhesion to connective tissue. Exposure of platelets to the readily penetrating sulfhydryl inhibitors NEM or PHMB immediately blocks their ability to adhere to connective tissue. PHMBS, which penetrates platelet membrane very slowly, produces an inhibitory effect only after prolonged incubation. These observations suggest that an SH-containing substrate affecting the adhesion reaction is probably located beneath the plasma membrane of the platelet.
Proposal for evaluating the quality of reports of surgical interventions in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: the Surgical Trigeminal Neuralgia Score (2013)

Object The aim of this study was to design a checklist with a scoring system for reporting on studies of surgical interventions for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and to validate it by a review of the recent literature. Methods A checklist with a scoring system, the Surgical Trigeminal Neuralgia Score (STNS), was devised partially based on the validated STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria and customized for TN after a literature review and then applied to a series of articles. These articles were identified using a prespecified MEDLINE and Embase search covering the period from 2008 to 2010. Of the 584 articles found, 59 were studies of interventional procedures for TN that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 56 could be obtained in full. The STNS was then applied independently by 3 of the authors. Results The maximum STNS came to 30, and was reliable and reproducible when used by the 3 authors who performed the scoring. The range of scores was 6–23.5, with a mean of 14 for all the journals. The impact factor scores of the journals in which the papers were published ranged from 0 to 4.8. Twenty-four of the studies were published in the Journal of Neurosurgery or in Neurosurgery . Studies published in neurosurgical journals ranked higher on the STNS scale than those published in nonneurosurgical journals. There was no statistically significant correlation between STNS and impact factors. Stereotactic radiosurgery (n = 25) and microvascular decompression (n = 15) were the most commonly reported procedures. The diagnostic criteria were stated in 35% of the studies, and 4 studies reported subtypes of TN. An increasing number of studies (46%) used the recommended Kaplan-Meier methodology for pain survival outcomes. The follow-up period was unclear in 8 studies, and 26 reported follow-ups of more than 5 years. Complications were reported fairly consistently but the temporal course was not always indicated. Direct interview, telephone conversation, and questionnaires were used to measure outcomes. Independent assessment of outcome was only clearly stated in 7 studies. Only 2 studies used the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey to measure quality of life and 4 studies reported on the severity of preoperative pain. The Barrow Neurological Institute pain questionnaire was the most commonly used outcome measure (n = 13), followed by the visual analog scale. Conclusions Similar to the STROBE criteria that provide a checklist of items that should be included in reports of observational studies in general, the authors' suggested checklist for the STNS could help editors and reviewers ensure that quality reports are published, and could prove useful for colleagues when reporting their results specifically on the surgical management of TN. It would help the patient and clinicians make a decision about selecting the appropriate neurosurgical procedure.
V1.6 Development of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies for Low Cost Hydrogen Storage Vessels (2012)

The goal of this project is to develop an innovative manufacturing process for Type IV high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels, with the intent to significantly lower manufacturing costs. Part of the development is to integrate the features of high precision AFP and commercial FW. Evaluation of an alternative fiber to replace a portion of the baseline fiber will help to reduce costs further.
THE ZIRCONIUM-HYDROGEN SYSTEM AT HIGH HYDROGEN CONTENTS (1960)

In order to elucidate the phase diagram of the Zr--H system at high hydrogen contents, a pressure-compositiontemperature study of this system in the temperature range 550 to 850 deg C was carried out from ZrH to ZrH/sub 2/. From the obtained isotherms, the position of the boundary between the two-phase ( beta + delta ) region and the single phase delta region was more precisely defined (where beta designates the hydrogen stabilized high temperature zirconium phase, and delta the cubic hydride phase). The isotherm also show no evidence of a two-phase hydride region (cubic + tetragonal hydrides coexisting) in this temperature range, as has been observed at room temperature. (auth)
Comparison of Point-of-Care Activated Clotting Time Methods in Different Clinical Settings in a Large Academic Medical Center (2017)

ACT values correlate well between POC methods. Imprecision and difference profiles vary by method; notably, imprecision exceeds systematic differences in the high ACT range and contributes to intermethod differences that are limitations worthy of consideration when contemplating a change in ACT methods.
A Genetic-Based Extreme Gradient Boosting Model for Detecting Intrusions in Wireless Sensor Networks (2019)

An Intrusion detection system is an essential security tool for protecting services and infrastructures of wireless sensor networks from unseen and unpredictable attacks. Few works of machine learning have been proposed for intrusion detection in wireless sensor networks and that have achieved reasonable results. However, these works still need to be more accurate and efficient against imbalanced data problems in network traffic. In this paper, we proposed a new model to detect intrusion attacks based on a genetic algorithm and an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoot) classifier, called GXGBoost model. The latter is a gradient boosting model designed for improving the performance of traditional models to detect minority classes of attacks in the highly imbalanced data traffic of wireless sensor networks. A set of experiments were conducted on wireless sensor network-detection system (WSN-DS) dataset using holdout and 10 fold cross validation techniques. The results of 10 fold cross validation tests revealed that the proposed approach outperformed the state-of-the-art approaches and other ensemble learning classifiers with high detection rates of 98.2%, 92.9%, 98.9%, and 99.5% for flooding, scheduling, grayhole, and blackhole attacks, respectively, in addition to 99.9% for normal traffic.
Functional gastrointestinal disorders in 2007 and Rome III: something new, something borrowed, something objective. (2007)

This review highlights the changes recommended by Rome III to the criteria for the functional gastrointestinal disorders and summarizes the practical implications for clinical practice. The committee retained functional dyspepsia as an umbrella term but emphasized its limited utility; they concluded that those with epigastric pain or burning probably constituted a set of patients very distinct from those who reported meal-related symptoms. Rome III added cyclic vomiting syndrome to the adult functional nausea and vomiting disorder category. The committee simplified clinical subtyping of irritable bowel syndrome. Problems remain with the Rome criteria for functional gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi disorders. Although these patients' pain is probably genuine, the exact characteristics that identify true biliary-type pain remain poorly defined from a scientific perspective. The Rome criteria have been criticized for potentially over-splitting what are truly interdependent conditions. Nevertheless, the Rome criteria remain the best standard we have for guiding diagnosis and helping choose therapy.
Shear Bulk Wave Transducer Made of (11\bar20)-Plane Epitaxial ZnO Film on R-Sapphire (2002)

A (110)-plane epitaxial ZnO film is deposited on an R-plane ((012)-plane) sapphire substrate. In order to generate a shear bulk wave using the ZnO film, metal electrodes are required at both planes of the ZnO film; namely, the top plane on the top surface of the ZnO film and the bottom plane at the boundary between the ZnO film and the R-sapphire substrate. A c-plane ((0001)-plane) polycrystal ZnO film is conventionally deposited on the metal film on the R-sapphire substrate. Thus, the (110)-plane epitaxial ZnO film for the shear bulk transducer has not been realized until now. The authors realized a (110)-plane epitaxial ZnO film with low electrical resistivity (ρ of the order of 10-4 Ω·cm) on an R-sapphire substrate by doping with an impurity such as Al, Ga, or V as a substitute for the metal electrode, and a (110)-plane piezoelectric epitaxial ZnO film with high electrical resistivity (ρ>10+10 Ω·cm) on this epitaxial ZnO film with low electrical resistivity for fabricating a shear wave transducer. An Al electrode was deposited on the piezoelectric ZnO film. By using the Al electrode as the top-plane electrode and a (110)-plane epitaxial ZnO film with low electrical resistivity as the bottom-plane electrode substituting for the metal film, strong shear bulk waves have been generated.
Rapidly (and Successfully) Translating Novel Brain Radiotracers From Animal Research Into Clinical Use (2020)

The advent of preclinical research scanners for <i>in vivo</i> imaging of small animals has added confidence into the multi-step decision-making process of radiotracer discovery and development. Furthermore, it has expanded the utility of imaging techniques available to dissect clinical questions, fostering a cyclic interaction between the clinical and the preclinical worlds. Significant efforts from medicinal chemistry have also made available several high-affinity and selective compounds amenable for radiolabeling, that target different receptors, transporters and enzymes <i>in vivo</i>. This substantially increased the range of applications of molecular imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). However, the process of developing novel radiotracers for <i>in vivo</i> imaging of the human brain is a multi-step process that has several inherent pitfalls and technical difficulties, which often hampers the successful translation of novel imaging agents from preclinical research into clinical use. In this paper, the process of radiotracer development and its relevance in brain research is discussed; as well as, its pitfalls, technical challenges and future promises. Examples of successful and unsuccessful translation of brain radiotracers will be presented.
Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase activation induced upon Fc gamma RIIIA-ligand interaction. (1994)

Induced activation of protein tyrosine kinase(s) is a central event in signal transduction mediated via the low affinity receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RIIIA, CD16) in natural killer (NK) cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation may affect the function of several protein directly, or indirectly by inducing their association with other tyrosine phosphorylated proteins. Here, we report that Fc gamma RIII stimulation induces activation of phosphatidylinositol (PI)-3 kinase in NK cells. Phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates from Fc gamma RIII-stimulated NK cells contain PI-kinase activity and PI-3 kinase can be directly precipitated from them. Conversely, a series of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins is coprecipitated with PI-3 kinase from the stimulated, but not from control cells. Analogous results obtained using Jurkat T cells expressing transfected Fc gamma RIIIA alpha ligand binding chain in association with gamma 2 or zeta 2 homodimers indicate that both complexes transduce this effect, although the Fc gamma RIIIA-zeta 2 complexes do so with greater efficiency. Accumulation of phosphoinositide D3 phosphorylated products in stimulated cells confirms PI-3 kinase activation, indicating the participation of this enzyme in Fc gamma RIIIA-mediated signal transduction.
An Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Detection of Antibodies to the Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) in the Serum of Koi Cyprinus carpio (2005)

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)detected the presence of anti-koi herpesvirus(KHV)antibodies in the serum of koi or colored carp(Cyprinus carpio)following either natural or experimental exposures to KHV.Concentrations of anti-KHV antibodies were detected at serum dilutions as great as 1:62, 500 in a population of koi kept in virus-free water for 1 year following a naturally occurring outbreak due to KHV.At serum dilutions less than 1:2, 500 cross reactions with a second herpes-like viral agent Cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV-1) was detected in serum from both experimentally and naturally KHV exposed koi. Passive immunization by administration of anti-KHV antibodies from koi recovered from previous virus infections to naive koi provided only partial and transient protection to waterborne challenges with KHV. Koi that maintained high levels of serum anti-KHV antibodies after 1 year in virus-free water are deemed as suspect carriers of the virus. The identification of suspect carriers by screening of koi and common carp populations, including potential broodstocks, with the KHV ELISA should improve the ability to control this important viral pathogen.
Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation on step initiation in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (2010)

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) for step initiation were investigated in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD) before and six months after surgery for implant of electrodes for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). APA were found impaired in PD and ameliorated by levodopa before surgery. Our results showed that six months of DBS impaired step initiation and pre surgery conditions were not restored after surgery even in the optimal subject treatment state. Our results may add insight into the clinical evaluation of DBS and into the knowledge of functional mechanisms of DBS and of neural circuits damaged by PD.
Implementing GBIF Pipelines in the Atlas of Living Australia: The first step towards alignment and further collaboration (2021)

The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) are two leading infrastructures serving the biodiversity community. In 2020, the ALA’s occurrence records management systems reached end of life after more than 10 years of operation, and the ALA embarked on a project to replace them. Significant overlap exists in the function of the ALA and GBIF data ingestion pipeline systems. Instead of the ALA developing new systems from scratch, we initiated a project to better align the two infrastructures. The collaboration brings benefits such as the improved reuse of modules and an overall reduction in development and operation costs. The ALA recently replaced its occurrence ingestion system with GBIF pipelines infrastructure and shared code. This is the first milestone of the broader ALA’s Core Infrastructure Project and some of the benefits from it are a more reliable, performant and scalable system, proven by the ability to ingest more and larger datasets while at the same time reducing infrastructure operational costs by more than 40% compared to the previous system. The new system is a key building block for an improved ingestion framework that is being developed within the ALA. The collaboration between the ALA and GBIF development teams will result in more consistent outputs from their respective processing pipelines. It will also allow the broader collective expertise of both infrastructure communities to inform future development and direction. The ALA’s adoption of GBIF pipelines will pave the way for the Living Atlases community to adopt GBIF systems and also contribute to them. In this talk we will introduce the project, share insights on how both the teams from the GBIF and the ALA worked together and finally we will delve into details about the technical implementation and benefits.
An extendable knowledge-based system for the control of mechanical ventilation (1992)

We describe a knowledge-based system that automatically controls the assistance provided to a patient suffering from respiratory failure. Our system works in a real-time closed-loop, taking physiological data from monitoring devices as inputs and acting on a ventilator connected to the patient. Our representation paradigm, based on object-orientation and production rules, is designed to support future extensions and refinements and to allow reusing of knowledge bases.