gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliable symmetric key generation for body area networks using wireless physical layer security in the presence of an on-body eavesdropper (2011)

Utilizing the randomness of the wireless channel for securing on-body communication in the presence of an on-body eavesdropper is considered. The feasibility of establishing a secure, unique and random key is investigated using a radio platform operating in the 2.4GHz ISM band. A low-complexity algorithm for establishing a symmetric encryption key tailored to the on-body propagation environment is proposed and justified. The algorithm uses the readily available radio signal strength indicator from existing packets going back and forth over the communication link and presents marginal system overheads. The secret bit sequences generated by the algorithm are evaluated for matching between the two communicating parties, mismatching with an eavesdropper placed on the body, and degree of randomness. It is shown that the algorithm generates long and highly random bit sequences which are perfectly matched between the legitimate communicating parties yet weakly matched with the eavesdropper's bit sequences.
Candida albicans adapts to host copper during infection by swapping metal cofactors for superoxide dismutase (2015)

Copper is both an essential nutrient and potentially toxic metal, and during infection the host can exploit Cu in the control of pathogen growth. Here we describe a clever adaptation to Cu taken by the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. In laboratory cultures with abundant Cu, C. albicans expresses a Cu-requiring form of superoxide dismutase (Sod1) in the cytosol; but when Cu levels decline, cells switch to an alternative Mn-requiring Sod3. This toggling between Cu- and Mn-SODs is controlled by the Cu-sensing regulator Mac1 and ensures that C. albicans maintains constant SOD activity for cytosolic antioxidant protection despite fluctuating Cu. This response to Cu is initiated during C. albicans invasion of the host where the yeast is exposed to wide variations in Cu. In a murine model of disseminated candidiasis, serum Cu was seen to progressively rise over the course of infection, but this heightened Cu response was not mirrored in host tissue. The kidney that serves as the major site of fungal infection showed an initial rise in Cu, followed by a decline in the metal. C. albicans adjusted its cytosolic SODs accordingly and expressed Cu-Sod1 at early stages of infection, followed by induction of Mn-Sod3 and increases in expression of CTR1 for Cu uptake. Together, these studies demonstrate that fungal infection triggers marked fluctuations in host Cu and C. albicans readily adapts by modulating Cu uptake and by exchanging metal cofactors for antioxidant SODs.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of O‐Aryl Ynol Ethers and Enol Ethers: Synthesis of Chromene Derivatives (2021)

Gold(I)-catalyzed formal [4+2] cycloaddition of O-aryl ynol ethers 1 and enol ethers 2 is described. This intermolecular reaction between two electron-rich unsaturated systems takes place, under mild conditions, in the presence of 5 mol% [IPrAu(CH<sub>3</sub> CN)]SbF<sub>6</sub> as catalyst giving chromene derivatives with good yields. The cycloaddition is completely regio- and stereoselective, as well as versatile for both reactives. Silyl enol ethers can also react in the same way and under the same reaction conditions with quantitative yields. A plausible mechanism through a selective addition of the enol ether to the alkyne gold activated complex followed by an intramolecular aromatic electrophilic substitution is proposed. Several experimental results support the presence of a cationic oxonium intermediate prior to the aromatic substitution. The reaction represents a new entry to the chromene core.
Cord Blood DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Predicting Neurodevelopmental Outcomes (2016)

Adverse environmental exposures in pregnancy can significantly alter the development of the fetus resulting in impaired child neurodevelopment. Such exposures can lead to epigenetic alterations like DNA methylation, which may be a marker of poor cognitive, motor and behavioral outcomes in the infant. Here we review studies that have assessed DNA methylation in cord blood following maternal exposures that may impact neurodevelopment of the child. We also highlight some key studies to illustrate the potential for DNA methylation to successfully identify infants at risk for poor outcomes. While the current evidence is limited, in that observations to date are largely correlational, in time and with larger cohorts analyzed and longer term follow-up completed, we may be able to develop epigenetic biomarkers that not only indicate adverse early life exposures but can also be used to identify individuals likely to be at an increased risk of impaired neurodevelopment even in the absence of detailed information regarding prenatal environment.
Analysis of selectively grown epitaxial Si1-xGex by spectroscopic ellipsometry and comparison with RBS and SIMS (1999)

The increased interest of Si 1-x Ge x /Si heterostructures for device applications requires a very good control of layer thickness and layer composition during the epitaxial growth process. In contrast with most of the characterization methods, Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) allows a fast, in-line and non-destructive analysis, inclusive fast wafer mapping facilities. In this paper, the suitability of SE for the determination of both the Ge content and the thickness of epitaxial Si 1-x Ge x layers is demonstrated for Ge contents between 1 and 32%. The system we use is a small spot (30x30 μm 2 ) spectroscopic ellipsometer, which allows the characterization of Si 1-x Ge x layers grown in an isolation structure (Selective Epitaxial Growth), while this small window size prevents measurements by RBS. SE measurements were used in order to optimize the layer uniformity of a selective epitaxial Si 1-x Ge x growth process.
Prediction of Foamed Cement Ultrasonic Properties (2011)

Note: RD11004 Reference EPFL-REPORT-211565 Record created on 2015-09-22, modified on 2017-11-20
Supplementary Figure 1 A-C from Periostin, a Cell Adhesion Molecule, Facilitates Invasion in the Tumor Microenvironment and Annotates a Novel Tumor-Invasive Signature in Esophageal Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 A-C from Periostin, a Cell Adhesion Molecule, Facilitates Invasion in the Tumor Microenvironment and Annotates a Novel Tumor-Invasive Signature in Esophageal Cancer
Retraction of: “A normalization theorem for set theory” (2011)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Dendritic Cell Vaccines (2004)

Development of vaccines that led to the eradication of major infectious diseases (e.g., smallpox) is one of the greatest success stories in modern medicine. Molecular identification of tumor antigens has ushered in a new era with optimism for similar success against cancer (1–3). However identification of tumor antigens alone is not sufficient for producing effective vaccines. This is perhaps best exemplified by chronic viral infections such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), for which the antigenic targets have been known for some time. Vaccines are composed of both antigen(s) and adjuvant(s). Effective vaccines also require attention to vaccine delivery and vaccine adjuvants, or enhancers of immunity. These adjuvants play a critical role in determining both the quantity and quality of the immune response to the antigen (4). Dendritic cells (DCs), nature’ s adjuvant, are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) specialized to initiate and regulate immunity (5,6). Here, I will discuss the scientific basis for targeting DCs to harness the immune system against cancer. Use of these cells in cancer immunotherapy has been bolstered by improved understanding of DC biology and presentation of tumor antigens in vivo (6–9).
Rational creation of chiral multinuclear and metallosupramolecular compounds from thiol-containing amino acids (2011)

Developments in the rational creation of chiral multinuclear and metallosupramolecular compounds based on linear-type metal complexes with penicillaminate (pen), as well as their functionality as a multidentate chiral metalloligand, is the main subject of this paper. The reactions of a mononuclear Au(I) complex, [Au(d-pen)(2)](3-), in which two d-pen ligands bind to an Au(I) center through thiolato S atoms, with transition metal ions afford a variety of S-bridged heterobimetallic multinuclear complexes, the structures and properties of which are highly dependent on the nature of reacting metal ions. The created multinuclear complexes still act as a metalloligand when they possess free amine and/or carboxylate groups, leading to the formation of heterotrimetallic supramolecular structures by reacting with third metal ions. While the Au-S bonds in [Au(d-pen)(2)](3-) are generally retained in the course of the reactions with metal ions, this is not the case for the Hg-S bonds in the corresponding Hg(II) complex, [Hg(d-pen)(2)](2-). A remarkable chiral behavior of multinuclear complexes composed of [Au(l-cys)(2)](3-) (cys = cysteinate), which is opposite to that composed of [Au(l-pen)(2)](3-), is also presented.
Segmentation of Offline Handwritten Bengali Script (2012)

Character segmentation has long been one of the most critical areas of optical character recognition process. Through this operation, an image of a sequence of characters, which may be connected in some cases, is decomposed into sub-images of individual alphabetic symbols. In this paper, segmentation of cursive handwritten script of world's fourth popular language, Bengali, is considered. Unlike English script, Bengali handwritten characters and its components often encircle the main character, making the conventional segmentation methodologies inapplicable. Experimental results, using the proposed segmentation technique, on sample cursive handwritten data containing 218 ideal segmentation points show a success rate of 97.7%. Further feature-analysis on these segments may lead to actual recognition of handwritten cursive Bengali script.
Adaptive Data Collection Strategies for Lifetime-Constrained Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

Communication is a primary source of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. Due to resource constraints, the sensor nodes may not have enough energy to report every reading to the base station over a required network lifetime. This paper investigates data collection strategies in lifetime-constrained wireless sensor networks. Our objective is to maximize the accuracy of data collected by the base station over the network lifetime. Instead of sending sensor readings periodically, the relative importance of the readings is considered in data collection: the sensor nodes send data updates to the base station when the new readings differ more substantially from the previous ones. We analyze the optimal update strategy and develop adaptive update strategies for both individual and aggregate data collections. We also present two methods to cope with message losses in wireless transmission. To make full use of the energy budgets, we design an algorithm to allocate the numbers of updates allowed to be sent by the sensor nodes based on their topological relations. Experimental results using real data traces show that, compared with the periodic strategy, adaptive strategies significantly improve the accuracy of data collected by the base station.
Seismic Repeatability – Is There a Limit? (2009)

The results of a 13-day seismic monitoring experiment are presented. It consists in 2 permanent piezoelectric sources, one cemented in depth and the other attached to a surface concrete pad and 28 sensors, 14 at the surface and 14 cemented below the weath
Development of Wireless MEMS Inclination Sensor System for Swing Monitoring of Large-Scale Hook Structures (2009)

A modular wireless microelectromechanical system (MEMS) inclination sensor system (WMISS) is developed and tested for providing structural health monitoring of large-scale hook structures. The operating principle of a 3-D-MEMS-based dual-axis inclinometer is analyzed. A wireless MEMS sensor is integrated using sensing disposal, wireless communication, and power units. The WMISS is calibrated by using a laser displacement sensor in a pendular structure. The maximal error of the wireless MEMS inclination sensor is about 1%. The resolution is plusmn0.0025 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">deg</sup> . With the new-type tuned mass damper control module, an experiment on a WMISS for the swing monitoring of a Lanjiang hook model is developed. Experimental results indicate that the developed WMISS is highly precise, convenient, stable, and low cost and has long range, and thus, a WMISS can accurately and conveniently monitor the swing of a Lanjiang hook model.
Correction for spectral artifacts in cross‐sectional reconstruction from x rays (1977)

A monoenergetic response correction is described which, along with adequate filtration, may be used to remove the spectral shift artifact encountered in three-dimensional reconstruction from x rays. Reconstructions were carried out by means of a convolution algorithm for simulated data using this method. These are compared with reconstructions obtained using fixed-length water-bath scans as a remedy for the special artifact. These studies suggest that the spectral artifact can be successfully eliminated from computerized cross-sectional scans without resorting to the use of the water bath while, at the same time, improving quantum statistics and/or permitting operation at a lower tube current.
A Gas Sensor Array Using Carbon Nanotubes and Microfabrication Technology (2005)

A nanosensor technology has been developed using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) combined with silicon-based microfabrication processes. A sensor array containing twelve interdigitated electrode (IDE) pairs with different gap sizes has been designed. The IDE fingers were fabricated using photolithography and thin-film metallization techniques. SWNTs were grown directly on the IDEs for trace amounts of gas detection. This sensor array has been exposed to nitrogen dioxide at various concentrations from , and ammonia from . The results show a very reproducible sensor performance from one sensor to the other in the array.
Examination of Diverse Toxin-Coregulated Pilus-Positive Vibrio cholerae Strains Fails To Demonstrate Evidence for Vibrio Pathogenicity Island Phage (2003)

The major virulence factors of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae are cholera toxin, which is encoded by a lysogenic filamentous bacteriophage (CTXPhi), and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), an essential colonization factor that is also the receptor for CTXPhi. The genes involved in the biosynthesis of TCP reside in a pathogenicity island, which has been reported to correspond to the genome of another filamentous phage (designated VPIPhi) and to encode functions necessary for the production of infectious VPIPhi particles. We examined 46 V. cholerae strains having diverse origins and carrying different genetic variants of the TCP island for the production of the VPIPhi and CTXPhi in different culture conditions, including induction of prophages with mitomycin C and UV irradiation. Although 9 of 10 V. cholerae O139 strains and 12 of 15 toxigenic El Tor strains tested produced extracellular CTXPhi, none of the 46 TCP-positive strains produced detectable VPIPhi in repeated assays, which detected as few as 10 particles of a control CTX phage per ml. These results contradict the previous report regarding VPIPhi-mediated horizontal transfer of the TCP genes and suggest that the TCP island is unable to support the production of phage particles. Further studies are necessary to understand the mechanism of horizontal transfer of the TCP island.
High-speed power-efficient indoor wireless infrared communication using code combining .I (2002)

While use of power-efficient signaling schemes appears to be effective at compensating for the inherent high path-loss associated with pure diffuse infrared links, it begins to lose its effectiveness as the data rate is increased. At very high data rates, intersymbol interference (ISI) can result in a very high and sometimes irreducible power penalty, preventing the system from operating at a low bit-error probability. We use a link design employing a multibeam transmitter in conjunction with a narrow field-of-view (FOV) direction diversity receiver. The design goal is to eliminate the effect of ISI so that power-efficient signaling schemes such as pulse-position modulation (PPM) can be employed at very high data rates. We also use high-rate Reed-Solomon codes to further increase the power efficiency of PPM signals. The proposed system can be made rate-adaptive through varying modulation level L and/or code rate R without increasing the complexity significantly. This provides a dynamic range large enough to allow efficient utilization of available bandwidth, i.e., to allow portable terminals to communicate at their highest permitted data rate, without sacrificing the quality of service. It is shown that a bit error rate not exceeding 10/sup -9/ can be achieved within the link coverage area with 99% probability at bit rates up to a few hundreds of megabits per second, using transmitted power levels well below 1 W.
Digital Performance of OCTO Layout Style on SOI MOSFET at High Temperature Environment (2019)

This present paper performs an experimental comparative study of the main digital parameters and figures of merit of the octagonal layout style for the planar Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET), named OCTO SOI MOSFETs (OSM) in comparison with the typical rectangular one at high temperature environments. The devices were manufactured with the 1 mm SOI (CMOS) technology. The results demonstrate that the OSM is capable of keeping active the Longitudinal Corner Effect (LCE), the PArallel Connection of MOSFETs with Different Channel Lengths Effect (PAMDLE) and the Deactivate the Parasitic MOSFETs of the Bird’s Beak Regions Effect (DEPAMBBRE) at high temperature conditions. Therefore, the OSM is able to continue to have a better electrical performance than the one found in the rectangular SOI MOSFET (RSM) counterparts, regarding the same gate areas and bias conditions. To illustrate, its on-state drain current (ION) and off-state drain current (IOFF) are respectively 186% higher and 64% smaller in relation to its RSM counterparts at high temperature conditions.
Enriching network security analysis with time travel (2008)

In many situations it can be enormously helpful to archive the raw contents of a network traffic stream to disk, to enable later inspection of activity that becomes interesting only in retrospect. We present a Time Machine (TM) for network traffic that provides such a capability. The TM leverages the heavy-tailed nature of network flows to capture nearly all of the likely-interesting traffic while storing only a small fraction of the total volume. An initial proof-of-principle prototype established the forensic value of such an approach, contributing to the investigation of numerous attacks at a site with thousands of users. Based on these experiences, a rearchitected implementation of the system provides flexible, highperformance traffic stream capture, indexing and retrieval, including an interface between the TM and a real-time network intrusion detection system (NIDS). The NIDS controls the TM by dynamically adjusting recording parameters, instructing it to permanently store suspicious activity for offline forensics, and fetching traffic from the past for retrospective analysis. We present a detailed performance evaluation of both stand-alone and joint setups, and report on experiences with running the system live in high-volume environments.
The Protective Activity of Urtica dioica Leaves on Blood Glucose Concentration and β-cells in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats (2007)

This study was done to determine the protective activity of the hydroalcholic extract of Urtica dioica leaves on Hyperglycemia and beta-cells in hyperglycemic rats. Thirty Wistar rats were allocated in groups of normal, Diabetic and treatment. Hyperglycemia in Rats induced by 80 mg kg(-1) streptozotocin. In treatment group, animals received hydroalcholic extract of Urtica dioica 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for five days, intraperitoneally and then hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin. The blood glucose concentration was measured by using a Glucometer in 1st, 3rd and 5th weeks. In the end of 5th weeks the animals in each group were sacrificed by anesthesia and whole pancreas in three groups extracted and fixed in bouin's fluid and stained by chromealum hematoxiline-phloxine and beta cells were counted in three groups by Olympus microscope. Mean +/- SE of blood glucose concentrations in the end of fifth weeks were 99.4 +/-5.0, 454.7 +/- 34.5 and 303.6 +/- 100.6 in control, diabetic and treatment groups, respectively (p < 0.05). The percentages of beta-cells in control, diabetic and treatment groups were 73.6, 1.9 and 22.9%, respectively. The percentage of beta-cells in treatment group comparing with diabetic group was significant (p < 0.05). This study showed that the protective administration of hydroalcholic extract of Urtica dioica has hypoglycemic effect and protective activity of beta-cells of langerhans in hyperglycemic rats.
Studies on pyrimidine derivatives. XVIII. Reaction of active methyl groups on pyrimidine N-oxides. (1980)

Knoevenagel-type condensation and the Mannich reaction were investigated with various pyridine N-oxides having an active methyl group. For example, 6-methyl-4-phenylpyrimidine 1-oxide (Va) readily reacted with benzaldehyde in an aqueous ethanolic solution of potassium hydroxide, while 4-methyl-6-phenylpyrimidine (IVa) failed to react with benzaldehyde under the same conditions. When Va was treated with piperidine hydrochloride and paraformaldehyde, bis piperidinomethylation occurred at the 6-methyl group. The product was transformed into 4-phenyl-6-(2-piperidinoethyl) pyrimidine 1-oxide (XXIIa) by treatment with 5% sulfuric acid at 90°.