gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Apparatus for Pulverizing Brittle Material (2004)

The figure depicts an apparatus that pulverizes brittle material by means of a combination of ultrasonic and sonic vibration, hammering, and abrasion. The basic design of the apparatus could be specialized to be a portable version for use by a geologist in collecting powdered rock samples for analysis in the field or in a laboratory. Alternatively, a larger benchtop version could be designed for milling and mixing of precursor powders for such purposes as synthesis of ceramic and other polycrystalline materials or preparing powder samples for x-ray diffraction or x-ray fluorescence measurements to determine crystalline structures and compositions. Among the most attractive characteristics of this apparatus are its light weight and the ability to function without need for a large preload or a large power supply: It has been estimated that a portable version could have a mass <0.5 kg, would consume less than 1 W h of energy in milling a 1-cm3 volume of rock, and could operate at a preload <10 N. The basic design and principle of operation of this apparatus are similar to those of other apparatuses described in a series of prior NASA Tech Briefs articles, the two most relevant being Ultrasonic/ Sonic Drill/Corers With Integrated Sensors (NPO-20856), Vol. 25, No. 1 (January 2001), page 38 and Ultrasonic/ Sonic Mechanisms for Deep Drilling and Coring (NPO-30291), Vol. 27, No. 9 (September 2003), page 65. As before, vibrations are excited by means of a piezoelectric actuator, an ultrasonic horn, and a mass that is free to move axially over a limited range. As before, the ultrasonic harmonic motion of the horn drives the free-mass in a combination of ultrasonic harmonic and lower-frequency hammering motion. In this case, the free-mass is confined within a hollow cylinder that serves as a crushing chamber, and the free-mass serves as a crushing or milling tool. The hammering of the free-mass against a material sample at the lower end of the chamber grinds the sample into powder in a relatively short time. The restriction of the free-mass to axial motion only makes the grinding very efficient. The free-mass can be fabricated to have teeth on its lower face to enhance the grinding effect. Optionally, there can be a hole at the bottom of the chamber covered with a sieve to tailor the size distribution of the powder leaving the crushing chamber.
Human Cytomegalovirus Circumvents NF-κB Dependence in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (2001)

The human CMV (HCMV) is a persistent virus that may cause severe inflammatory responses especially in immunocompromised hosts. In different cell types, HCMV infection leads to the activation of the pleiotropic transcription factor, NF-kappaB, which triggers virus replication but also propagates cell-mediated inflammatory mechanisms that largely depend on PG synthesis. We investigated the interactions of HCMV and the NF-kappaB-dependent PG synthesis pathway in cultures of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that are known to be infected in HCMV retinitis patients. Unlike in other cell types, HCMV increased neither NF-kappaB activity nor p65 and p105/50 mRNA levels in RPE cells. Both TNF-alpha and phorbol ester 12,0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) enhanced NF-kappaB activity but only TPA increased HCMV replication. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and PGE2 release was increased by TPA and TNF-alpha but not by HCMV infection. Stimulatory activity of TPA on HCMV replication was suppressed by protein kinase C inhibitors and inhibitors of p42/44 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases but not by NF-kappaB inhibitors. In conclusion, HCMV circumvents the NF-kappaB route in favor of the protein kinase C-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in RPE cells. This virus/host cell interaction might be a mechanism that promotes HCMV persistence in immune-privileged organs such as the eye.
Projection-based embedded discrete fracture model (pEDFM) for flow and heat transfer in real-field geological formations with corner-point grid geometries (2021)

In this work, the projection-based embedded discrete fracture model (pEDFM) for corner-point grid (CPG) geometry is developed for simulation of flow and heat transfer in fractured porous media. Unlike classical embedded discrete fracture approaches, this method allows for using any geologically-relevant model with a complex geometry and generic conductivity contrasts between the rock matrix and the fractures (or faults). The mass and energy conservation equations are coupled using the fully-implicit (FIM) scheme, allowing for stable simulation. Independent corner-point grids are imposed on the rock matrix and all fractures. The connectivities between the non-neighboring grid cells are described such that a consistent discrete representation of the embedded fractures occurs within the corner-point grid geometry. Various numerical tests including geologically-relevant and real-field models are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the developed method. It is shown that pEDFM can accurately capture the physical influence of both highly conductive fractures and flow barriers on the flow and heat transfer fields in complex reservoir geometries. This development casts a promising approach for flow simulations of real-field geo-models, increasing the discretization flexibility and enhancing the computational performance for capturing explicit fractures accurately.
Thermel Technic (1933)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Walter P. White; Thermel Technic. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 March 1933; 4 (3): 142–146. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1749090 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Supplementary methods from Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells through Disruption of the Circadian Clock (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary methods&lt;/p&gt;
Role of sensory neurons in colitis: increasing evidence for a neuroimmune link in the gut (2010)

Growing evidence suggests a crucial involvement of extrinsic sensory neurons in the aberrant immune response in colitis. Activation of sensory neurons is accompanied by a release of the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP), which induce neurogenic inflammation characterized by vasodilatation, plasma extravasation, and leukocyte migration. Although the role of these neuropeptides in experimental colitis and human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains controversial, numerous data indicate a functional role for sensory neurons. In fact, chemical desensitization or surgical denervation of sensory nerves were shown to attenuate experimental colitis. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of the neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor was demonstrated to be efficient in chemically induced mouse models of colitis, and, intriguingly, also in immune-mediated models of colitis (T-cell transfer colitis). Finally, the genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of receptor channels such as TRPV1 and TRPA1 on nociceptive sensory neurons was also demonstrated to be effective in treating experimental colitis, supposedly by inhibiting neuropeptide release. In summary, we are only beginning to understand the mechanisms of how sensory neurons modulate immune cellular actions. These findings highlight a new role of sensory neurons in chronic intestinal inflammation and suggest new avenues for therapy of IBD.
CОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ВИДЫ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ОПТИЧЕСКИХ И ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРИБОРОВ. Sovremennye vidy proektirovaniâ optičeskih i izmeritel'nyh priborov (1983)

Special performance and design pattern of complex instruments having optical, electronical and precision-mechanical parts are described. Some useful initial data sets for the optical subsystem design are evaluated. Computer applications are shown for calculating optical parts and systems, especially for compensating of the difference aberrations. The solution of the reflection and glittering problems are investigated experimentally and by calculations. The results are presented via computer graphics. Using a complex structure promotes to answer difficult problems instead of expensive homogeneous structure.
CD10 is a key enzyme involved in the activation of tumor-activated peptide prodrug CPI-0004Na and novel analogues: implications for the design of novel peptide prodrugs for the therapy of CD10+ tumors. (2003)

Traditional chemotherapeutic drugs are often restricted by severe side effects and lack of tumor specificity. Peptide prodrugs cleavable by peptidases present in the tumor environment have been explored to improve the therapeutic index of cytotoxic drugs. One such prodrug of doxorubicin (Dox), CPI-0004Na [N-succinyl-beta-alanyl-L-leucyl-L-alanyl-L-leucyl-Dox (sALAL-Dox)] has been shown to have an improved antitumor efficacy profile with reduced toxicity compared with Dox in tumor xenograft models (V. Dubois et al., Cancer Res., 62: 2327-2331, 2002). In this study, we demonstrate that CD10, a cell surface metalloprotease expressed on a variety of tumor cell types, is capable of cleaving CPI-0004Na and related peptide prodrugs such as N-succinyl-beta-alanyl-L-isoleucyl-L-alanyl-L-leucyl-Dox (sAIAL-Dox). This proteolytic cleavage generates leucyl-Dox, which is capable of entering cells and generating intracellular Dox. In a [(3)H]thymidine proliferation assay, analogues of CPI-0004Na showed a 100-300-fold increase in potency on CD10(+) cells compared with CD10(-) cells. Cytotoxicity of CPI-0004Na was inhibited by phosphoramidon, a known inhibitor of CD10 enzymatic activity. Furthermore, Chinese hamster ovary CHO-S cells, which are resistant to CPI-0004Na, could be sensitized to the cytotoxic effect of the prodrug by transfection of a CD10 cDNA. Tumor xenograft studies using LNCaP prostate tumor cells support the important role of CD10 in the antitumor efficacy of these prodrugs against tumors expressing CD10. CPI-0004Na and sAIAL-Dox achieved statistically significant 70% tumor growth inhibition at day 22. CD10 is expressed on many types of human tumors including B-cell lymphoma, leukemia, and prostate, breast, colorectal, and lung carcinomas; therefore, CD10-cleavable prodrugs may be effective in a range of different tumor types.
The relationship between the effects of short‐chain fatty acids on intestinal motility in vitro and GPR43 receptor activation (2006)

The G protein-coupled receptors, GPR41 and GPR43, are activated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), with distinct rank order potencies. This study investigated the possibility that SCFAs modulate intestinal motility via these receptors. Luminal SCFA concentrations within the rat intestine were greatest in the caecum (c. 115 mmol L(-1)) and proximal colon. Using similar concentrations (0.1-100 mmol L(-1)), SCFAs were found to inhibit electrically evoked, neuronally mediated contractions of rat distal colon, possibly via a prejunctional site of action; this activity was independent of the presence or absence of the mucosa. By contrast, SCFAs reduced the amplitude but also reduced the threshold and increased the frequency of peristaltic contractions in guinea-pig terminal ileum. In each model, the rank-order of activity was acetate (C2) approximately propionate (C3) approximately butyrate (C4) > pentanoate (C5) approximately formate (C1), consistent with activity at the GPR43 receptor. GPR43 mRNA was expressed throughout the rat gut, with highest levels in the colon. However, the ability of SCFAs to inhibit neuronally mediated contractions of the colon was similar in tissues from wild-type and GPR43 gene knockout mice, with identical rank-orders of potency. In conclusion, SCFAs can modulate intestinal motility, but these effects can be independent of the GPR43 receptor.
Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of 2,4-D and Glyphosate in Hemp Dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum) (1980)

Low recoveries of total applied 14 C in translocation studies and erratic control of hemp dogbane ( Apocynum cannabinum L.) in the field showed a need for a balance-sheet study of absorption, translocation, and metabolism of 14 C-2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] and 14 C-glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. Total recovery of 14 C-herbicides applied to hemp dogbane in the laboratory was 97% for 2,4-D and 105% for glyphosate. Of the 14 C recovered after 12 days in the hemp dogbane, 34 to 55% was parent-2,4-D after 2,4-D treatment, and 93 to 96% was parent glyphosate after glyphosate treatment. Only negligible amounts of 14 C were lost via volatilization or evolution as 14 CO 2 . A broadcast treatment with unlabeled herbicide did not significantly affect subsequent absorption, translocation, or metabolism of either herbicide. Total herbicide absorbed and translocated out of the treated area of the leaf generally increased during the subsequent 12 days for 2,4-D but only 3 days for glyphosate. A greater percentage of the total applied 2,4-D (31 vs. 14%) and glyphosate (14 vs. 8%) was translocated from upper rather than lower leaves of hemp dogbane, respectively. Higher temperatures (30 vs. 25 C) resulted in greater translocation of glyphosate (39 vs. 18%) but not 2,4-D (35 vs. 39%). Higher light intensities resulted in greater accumulations of 2,4-D into roots and of glyphosate into untreated areas of the treated leaf. Autoradiographs showed that both herbicides moved through hemp dogbane in a typical symplastic pattern and accumulated in roots and new leaves.
Effects of Mixing Energy Drinks With Alcohol on Driving-Related Skills (2021)

Mixing EDs with alcohol predisposes consumers to drive under alcohol influence, perhaps in part because EDs counteract its detrimental effects on driving-related skills. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02771587.
Point Cloud Reconstruction From Truncated Geometry-Based Streams (2021)

Geometry-based point cloud compression (G-PCC) has been rapidly evolving in the context of international standards. Despite the inherent scalability of octree-based geometry description, current G-PCC attribute compression techniques prevent full scalability for compressed point clouds. In this paper, we present a solution to add scalability to attributes compressed using the region-adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT), enabling the reconstruction of the point cloud using only a portion of the original bitstream. Without the full geometry information, one cannot compute the weights in which the RAHT relies on to calculate its coefficients for further levels of detail. In order to overcome this problem, we propose a linear relationship approximation relating the downsampled point cloud to the truncated inverse RAHT coefficients at that same level. The linear relationship parameters are sent as side information. After truncating the bitstream at a point corresponding to a given octree level, we can, then, recreate the attributes at that level. Tests were carried out and results attest the good approximation quality of the proposed technique.
Text Classification Improved through Automatically Extracted Sequences (2006)

We propose to use the n-multigram model to help the automatic text classification task. This model could automatically discover the latent semantic sequences contained in the document set of each category. Based on the n-multigram model and the n-gram language model, we put forward two text classification algorithms. The experiments on RCV1 show that our proposed algorithm based on n-multigram model can achieve the similar classification performance compared with the one based on n-gram model. However, the model size of our algorithm is only 4.21% of the latter one. Another proposed algorithm based on the combination of nmultigram model and n-gram model improves the micro- F1 and macro-F1 values by 3.5% and 4.5% respectively which support the validity of our approach.
Contributions to visualization algorithm enabling GPU-accelerated image displaying for dual panel high dynamic range LCD display (2013)

High dynamic range displays based on dual panel LCD are a viable option for building a low-cost solution for providing high bit depth visualization systems. One of the factors limiting the usability of this type of displays are the computation requirements of the algorithm necessary for correct visualization using the two stacked panels. In this work we present the methodology and the results of mapping this algorithm on a CPU+GPU platform using the OpenCL 1.1 API. Visualization of a 2048×2048 image when executed on a CPU+GPU (AMD Radeon V7800) platform is performed up to 7.6 times faster then when only the CPU is used. The first results are promising and encourage the use of GPUs (or APUs) for acceleration of this kind of processing.
Athermal and wavelength-trimmable photonic filters based on TiO_2-cladded amorphous-SOI (2015)

Large-scale integrated silicon photonic circuits suffer from two inevitable issues that boost the overall power consumption. First, fabrication imperfections even on sub-nm scale result in spectral device non-uniformity that require fine-tuning during device operation. Second, the photonic devices need to be actively corrected to compensate thermal drifts. As a result significant amount of power is wasted if no athermal and wavelength-trimmable solutions are utilized. Consequently, in order to minimize the total power requirement of photonic circuits in a passive way, trimming methods are required to correct the device inhomogeneities from manufacturing and athermal solutions are essential to oppose temperature fluctuations of the passive/active components during run-time. We present an approach to fabricate CMOS backend-compatible and athermal passive photonic filters that can be corrected for fabrication inhomogeneities by UV-trimming based on low-loss amorphous-SOI waveguides with TiO2 cladding. The trimming of highly confined 10 μm ring resonators is proven over a free spectral range retaining athermal operation. The athermal functionality of 2nd-order 5 μm add/drop microrings is demonstrated over 40°C covering a broad wavelength interval of 60 nm.
Four-branch star hybrid power filter for three-phase four-wire systems (2008)

This paper presents a new concept for filtering current harmonics in three-phase four-wire networks. The four-branch star (FBS) filtering topology presented in this work is characterized by a particular layout consisting of single-phase inductances and capacitors. Via this layout, a power filter, with two different and simultaneous resonance frequencies and sequences, is achieved -one frequency for positive-/negative-sequence and another one for zero-sequence components. This filter topology can work either as a passive filter or as a hybrid filter. The paper analyzes the proposed topology and derives fundamental concepts about the control of the resulting hybrid power filter. From this analysis, a specific implementation of a three-phase four-wire hybrid power filter is presented as an illustrative application of the filtering topology. An extensive evaluation using simulation and experimental results is conducted in order to verify and validate the good performance of the proposed four-branch star passive/hybrid power filter.
Organic monolayers disrupt plastic flow in metals (2020)

Adsorbed films often influence mechanical behavior of surfaces, leading to well-known mechanochemical phenomena such as liquid metal embrittlement and environment-assisted cracking. Here, we demonstrate a mechanochemical phenomenon wherein adsorbed long-chain organic monolayers disrupt large-strain plastic deformation in metals. Using high-speed in situ imaging and post facto analysis, we show that the monolayers induce a ductile-to-brittle transition. Sinuous flow, characteristic of ductile metals, gives way to quasi-periodic fracture, typical of brittle materials, with 85% reduction in deformation forces. By independently varying surface energy and molecule chain length via molecular self-assembly, we argue that this "embrittlement" is driven by adsorbate-induced surface stress, as against surface energy reduction. Our observations, backed by modeling and molecular simulations, could provide a basis for explaining diverse mechanochemical phenomena in solids. The results also have implications for manufacturing processes such as machining and comminution, and wear.
An Induced Mutation in Tomato eIF4E Leads to Immunity to Two Potyviruses (2010)

Mutation analysis of translation initiation factors shows that translation initiation factors of the eIF4E family are determinants of plant susceptibility to RNA viruses and viruses have adopted strategies to use different isoforms. This work also demonstrates the effectiveness of TILLING as a reverse genetics tool to improve crop species. We have also developed a complete tool that can be used for both forward and reverse genetics in tomato, for both basic science and crop improvement. By opening it to the community, we hope to fulfill the expectations of both crop breeders and scientists who are using tomato as their model of study.
Fuzzy logic = computing with words (1996)

As its name suggests, computing with words (CW) is a methodology in which words are used in place of numbers for computing and reasoning. The point of this note is that fuzzy logic plays a pivotal role in CW and vice-versa. Thus, as an approximation, fuzzy logic may be equated to CW. There are two major imperatives for computing with words. First, computing with words is a necessity when the available information is too imprecise to justify the use of numbers, and second, when there is a tolerance for imprecision which can be exploited to achieve tractability, robustness, low solution cost, and better rapport with reality. Exploitation of the tolerance for imprecision is an issue of central importance in CW. In CW, a word is viewed as a label of a granule; that is, a fuzzy set of points drawn together by similarity, with the fuzzy set playing the role of a fuzzy constraint on a variable. The premises are assumed to be expressed as propositions in a natural language. In coming years, computing with words is likely to evolve into a basic methodology in its own right with wide-ranging ramifications on both basic and applied levels.
Soil Quality Degradation in a Magnesite Mining Area (2011)

在 17 个采样地点的十四个土壤性质被分析在 Haicheng 城市里在一个菱镁矿采矿区域学习土壤降级，东北中国。如此的区域几乎迄今没收到很少注意。在这个区域的菱镁矿采矿的当前的惯例导致了土壤质量的降级并且明确地在表面土壤孔在土壤 pH，到钙的镁的比率，体积密度，泥土可分散性，全部的镁和相等的钙碳酸盐和减少导致了增加并且可得到磷。在集中的采矿活动影响的区域的土壤质量远显然是比区域的更坏的离开矿。四个因素被识别，包含 13 并且镁因素， pH 因素和富饶因素玷污性质，在全部数据集合解释了 82% 全部的变化。判别式分析证明全部的镁，水溶性的钙并且可得到磷是为土壤质量的最敏感的指示物。