gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3.2 Megapixel 3D-Stacked Charge Focusing SPAD for Low-Light Imaging and Depth Sensing (2021)

We present a new generation of scalable photon counting image sensors, featuring zero read noise and 100ps temporal resolution. Newly proposed charge focusing single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is employed to resolve critical trade-offs in conventional SPAD pixels. A prototype 3.2 megapixel 3D-stacked backside-illuminated (BSI) image sensor with 1-inch format demonstrates the best-in-class photon detection efficiency (PDE), dark count rate (DCR) and timing jitter performance with the largest array size ever reported in avalanche photodiode (APD)-based image sensors. The proposed technology paves the way to compact and high-definition photon counting image sensors for low-light imaging and 3D time-of-flight sensing.
On-the-fly verification of rateless erasure codes for efficient content distribution (2004)

The quality of peer-to-peer content distribution can suffer when malicious participants intentionally corrupt content. Some systems using simple block-by-block downloading can verify blocks with traditional cryptographic signatures and hashes, but these techniques do not apply well to more elegant systems that use rateless erasure codes for efficient multicast transfers. This paper presents a practical scheme, based on homomorphic hashing, that enables a downloader to perform on-the-fly verification of erasure-encoded blocks.
VT Instrumentation Channel Error Correction Using Dynamic State Estimation (2021)

This paper presents a voltage transformer (VT) instrumentation channel error correction algorithm, with high potential for real-time implementation. The algorithm uses a high-fidelity model of the VT and an Unconstrained Weighted Least Squares (UWLS) Dynamic State Estimation (DSE) method to accurately estimate the VT primary voltage, correcting errors generated in the instrumentation channel. Specifically, the method involves obtaining discrete measurements of the VT secondary burden voltage through a continuous monitoring process. The VT primary voltage is then continuously estimated by the algorithm based on fitting the continuously obtained measurement samples to the high-fidelity VT model. The continuously estimated primary voltage can then be made readily available for metering, protection and control functions. The method is also applicable for Current Transformers (CT's). While the paper focuses on Protection-Class VT's, the method may also be adapted for Measurement-Class VT's. Furthermore, the method is implementable using Merging Units (MU) in digital substation architectures.
Reactions of Electron-Rich Arylpalladium Complexes with Olefins. Origin of the Chelate Effect in Vinylation Catalysis (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Electron-Rich Arylpalladium Complexes with Olefins. Origin of the Chelate Effect in Vinylation CatalysisM. Portnoy, Y. Ben-David, I. Rousso, and D. MilsteinCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 9, 3465–3479Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00021a021https://doi.org/10.1021/om00021a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views799Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Springtime boreal VOCs: The role of monoterpenes in selected intense nucleation events (source inventory) (2009)

Autor: Eerdekens, G. et al.; Genre: Zeitschriftenartikel; Im Druck veröffentlicht: 2009-06; Titel: Springtime boreal VOCs: The role of monoterpenes in selected intense nucleation events (source inventory)
0599 Sleep Stage Transition Patterns Among Youth with CNS Disorders of Hypersomnolence (2023)

Abstract Introduction Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is associated with frequent sleep stage transitions during nocturnal sleep. In this study, we report the pattern of sleep stage transitions that occurs and its relationship to CSF-orexin levels among pediatric NT1 patients. Furthermore, we study the patterns of sleep stage transitions in patients with Narcolepsy Type 2 (NT2) and Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH). Methods We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of nocturnal polysomnograms (PSGs) of a cohort of patients ages 5-21 years with NT1 (n=160), NT2 (n=24), IH (n=28), and subjectively sleepy controls (n=115) collected at Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. We compared the patterns of transitions between different sleep/wake stages during the nocturnal PSG by diagnostic group as well as by CSF-orexin level (low ≤110 pg/ml; normal &amp;gt;110 pg/ml) using chi-square testing that was adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results NT1 demonstrated a pattern of transitions from wake and all sleep stages except N3 sleep vs. controls, NT2, and IH with frequent transitions between wake and N1 sleep and less frequent transitions from N1 sleep to N2 sleep. The NT2 group had a distinct pattern of transitions from N1 vs. controls with more frequent transitions to REM sleep and less frequent transitions to N2. The IH group showed a similar pattern of sleep/wake transitions vs. controls. The pattern of transitions for the low CSF orexin group was different for all sleep stages and wake vs. normal level with frequent transitions from N2 sleep and REM sleep to wake and N1 sleep. Conclusion Young NT1 patients have a unique pattern of transitions between sleep/wake states. These findings are further confirmed by CSF orexin level. NT2 patients have a pattern of sleep stage transitions more similar to controls with the exception of the transitions from N1 sleep suggesting dysregulation of this light sleep stage. In contrast, the IH group shows patterns of transitions between sleep stages and wake that are similar to controls. Overall, results support differing sleep phenotypes demarcating these patients with severe daytime sleepiness. Support (if any) National Institutes of Health grant 5K23NS104267-2 to K.M
Finite state machine optimization using genetic algorithms (1997)

We present the results we have obtained after applying techniques on a basis of genetic methodology to the resolution of problems related with the automatic synthesis of digital circuits. We tackle the minimization of the number of states in incompletely specified finite state machines and the optimal state assignment on two level logic. Both class of problems involves the resolution of NP problems. In the first case, we have used a classical genetic algorithm. In the second one have been used new types of operators and ways of representation to avoid the problems that appear. Finally, we try to find the optimal mutation probability which guarantees the exploration of new regions of solution space without search becoming aleatory.
An evaluation of software test environment architectures (1996)

Software test environments (STEs) provide a means of automating the test process and integrating testing tools to support required testing capabilities across the test process. Specifically, STEs may support test planning, test management, test measurement, test failure analysis, test development and test execution. The software architecture of an STE describes the allocation of the environment's functions to specific implementation structures. An STE's architecture can facilitate or impede modifications such as changes to processing algorithms, data representation or functionality. Performance and reusability are also subject to architecturally imposed constraints. Evaluation of an STE's architecture can provide insight into modifiability, extensibility, portability and reusability of the STE. This paper proposes a reference architecture for STEs. Its analytical value is demonstrated by using SAAM (Software Architectural Analysis Method) to compare three software test environments: PROTest II (PROLOG Test Environment, Version II), TAOS (Testing with Analysis and Oracle Support), and CITE (CONVEX Integrated Test Environment).
Occupational contact psoriasis. (1989)

Occupational psoriasis accounts for about 1.2% of all cutaneous pathologic conditions due to work. It is especially important for subjects with slight signs of psoriasis, since patients already suffering from clear illness spontaneously avoid traumatic activities. Our interest was directed to cutaneous symptoms, signs for identifying subjects predisposed to traumatic dermatitis, also useful in vocational guidance. The necessity of official acknowledgement of such work-related dermatological pathologies is suggested.
The Role of Orifice Design in Hydroentanglement (2003)

This research was devoted to study the role of the nozzle geometry in the characteristics of hydroentangling waterjets. Three different conventional sharp-edge nozzle geometries, so-called cone-up, cone-down and cylindrical, under different pressures below 3500psi were examined. To exploit aforementioned nozzles, a single-waterjet test stand capable of working under manifold pressures up to 5000 psi was designed and built. Profiles of the waterjets produced by each of these nozzles were visualized by using a Nikon D1x digital camera and a regular light. The breakup lengths and the spray angles of the waterjets were extracted from the captured images by utilizing image analysis techniques and were compared with each other under different operating conditions. \n\nIt was revealed that the cone-up nozzle produces waterjets with considerably shorter intact lengths and slightly larger spray angles compared to the two other geometries considered. This distinct behavior was attributed to the cavitation-induced turbulence inside the cone-up nozzles. Discharge coefficients of the above nozzles were also measured versus injection pressures and showed a higher discharge coefficient for the cone-up nozzle compared to the others. The reason underlying these findings is attributed to the formation of the constricted waterjet in the cone-down and cylindrical nozzles.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Dietary Fiber Prepared from Rice Bran. (1992)

(1) 米糠由来の食物繊維(RF)の物理化学的性質について検討したところ,他の穀類から抽出した食物繊維と比較して,吸水性,膨潤性,有機リン系農薬吸着能に優れていた. (2) RFは,鉄やカルシウムを多く吸着することができるが,解離定数が大きいために吸着した鉄やカルシウムを放しやすい性質を持っている. (3) 吸着させた鉄は,通常の調理条件では溶出しないが,胃の中を想定した強酸状態ではすべて遊離する.しかし中性状態になると再び吸着されるが,リン酸緩衝液(pH6.8)で50倍希釈すると吸着鉄の60%が遊離した. (4) RFに鉄やカルシウムを吸着させても,吸水性,膨潤性,有機リン系農薬吸着能はほとんど変わらなかった.
Automotive Battery State-of-Health Monitoring Methods (2008)

% %& 'Effective vehicular power management requires accurate knowledge of battery state, including state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH).An essential functionality of automotive batteries is delivering high power in short periods to crank the engine.A well-known approach to battery SOH monitoring is to infer battery state-of-health from battery impedance or resistance, which is not robust to variation of battery types.The research and development of more reliable battery state-of-health monitoring methods to ensure vehicle start-up ability are presented in this thesis.The methods include a battery cranking voltage based method, a parityrelation based method using battery voltage and cranking current signals, and a support vector machine based pattern recognition method utilizing battery voltage and engine cranking speed.The performances of these methods have been evaluated and compared through analysis of extensive real vehicle cranking data from 2 vehicles and 20 batteries.Cost benefit analysis is also conducted with different sensor options.
Distributed Massive MIMO for LEO Satellite Networks (2022)

The ultra-dense deployment of interconnected satellites will characterize future low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations. Exploiting this towards a more efficient satellite network (SatNet), this paper proposes a novel LEO SatNet architecture based on distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (DM-MIMO) technology allowing ground user terminals to be connected to a cluster of satellites. To this end, we investigate various aspects of DM-MIMO-based satellite network design, the benefits of using this architecture, the associated challenges, and the potential solutions. In addition, we propose a distributed joint power allocation and handover management (D-JPAHM) technique that jointly optimizes the power allocation and handover management processes in a cross-layer manner. This framework aims to maximize the network throughput and minimize the handover rate while considering the quality-of-service (QoS) demands of user terminals and the power capabilities of the satellites. Moreover, we devise an artificial intelligence (AI)-based solution to efficiently implement the proposed D-JPAHM framework in a manner suitable for real-time operation and the dynamic SatNet environment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to introduce and study DM-MIMO technology in LEO SatNets. Extensive simulation results reveal the superiority of the proposed architecture and solutions compared to conventional approaches in the literature.
D2 Receptor Blockade by Risperidone Correlates With Attention Deficits in Late-Life Schizophrenia (2009)

The negative impact of antipsychotic drugs on attention is expected to be greater in late-life schizophrenia because of the age-related changes in the dopamine receptor reserve. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between dopamine D2 receptor blockade by risperidone and the cognitive function in late-life schizophrenia. Subjects with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder aged 50 or older who were receiving risperidone completed a [C]raclopride positron emission tomography scan to measure D2-binding potential in the striatum. The D2 receptor blockade by risperidone was calculated using age-corrected measures from healthy individuals and region of interest analysis of dynamic positron emission tomography data coregistered to the subjects' magnetic resonance imaging scans. Cognitive function was assessed using a battery of neuropsychological tests that included the Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS). Eleven subjects (mean +/- SD age, 64 +/- 8 years) participated in this study. The mean +/- SD D2 receptor blockade was 69% +/- 14% (range, 34%-80%). The age-corrected score on the attention subscale in the DRS was negatively correlated with the D2 receptor blockade. The DRS attention subscale score was lower in the subjects who experienced 74.9% or higher D2 blockade (median value, corresponding to a daily risperidone dose of >3.0 mg) than in those who did not. Although a causal attribution cannot be made in light of the cross-sectional nature of this study, the results suggest the critical importance of identifying the lowest effective dose of antipsychotic drugs in older patients with schizophrenia.
Induction of T-Cell Infiltration and Programmed Death Ligand 2 Expression by Adeno-Associated Virus in Rhesus Macaque Skeletal Muscle and Modulation by Prednisone (2017)

Use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) to transduce genes into skeletal muscles can be associated with T-cell responses to viral capsid and/or to transgenic protein. Intramuscular mononuclear cell infiltrates primarily consisting of CD8+ T cells and also containing FOXP3+ regulatory T cells were present in rhesus macaque skeletal muscle treated with rAAVrh74.MCK.GALGT2 by vascular delivery. Administration of oral prednisone prior to AAV gene delivery and throughout the study reduced such infiltrates by 60% at 24 weeks post AAV delivery compared with AAV-treated animals not receiving prednisone, regardless of the presence of pre-existing AAV serum antibodies at the time of treatment. The majority of CD8+ T cells in AAV-treated muscles expressed activated caspase 3 and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), suggesting ongoing programmed cell death. AAV-transduced skeletal muscles also had elevated expression of programmed death ligand 2 (PDL2) on skeletal myofibers, and this increase in expression extended to muscles where transgene was not overexpressed. These data demonstrate that prednisone can reduce the extent of intramuscular T-cell infiltrates in AAV-treated muscles, which may aid in achieving long-term transgene expression, as may the induction of PDL2 expression on skeletal myofibers to promote PD1-mediated programmed T-cell death.
Genetic manipulation of the shikimate pathway to overproduce aromatic amino acids (1990)

Abstract In this paper, we describe a successful approach to genetically modify the shikimate pathway of E. coli to overproduce aromatic amino acids. Every gene in the entire pathway was manipulated and its effect was examined. Based on this analysis, an optimum combination of genes and their expression levels were arrived at to maximize aromatic amino acid production. Feedback repression/inhibition effects are essentially neutralized by this approach. The genetically engineered organism produces up to 52 g/l of L‐phenylalanlne (L‐PHE) in batch fermentations in about thirty‐five hours. This level of L‐PHE in the fermentation broth is beyond the solubility limit of L‐PHE; therefore, the product crystallizes partially in the medium. A large part of glucose consumed is directed towards L‐PHE synhesis; i.e., the fermentation runs are characterized by relatively low cell densities and high L‐PHE concentrations. Yield factors of 0.25 g L‐PHE/g glucose (consumed) are obtained routinely. In addition, the product contains no other amino acids, thereby simplifying downstream processing. The genetically engineered E. coli exhibits excellent plasmid stability. These advantages translate Into a substantial reduction in L‐PHE production costs ($5 to 7/kg, depending on plant size). A similar cost reduction Is also possible in the case of other aromatic amino acids such as L‐Tryptophan through this genetic engineering technique.
Association Rule Mining in Peer-to-Peer Systems (2004)

We extend the problem of association rule mining--a key data mining problem--to systems in which the database is partitioned among a very large number of computers that are dispersed over a wide area. Such computing systems include grid computing platforms, federated database systems, and peer-to-peer computing environments. The scale of these systems poses several difficulties, such as the impracticality of global communications and global synchronization, dynamic topology changes of the network, on-the-fly data updates, the need to share resources with other applications, and the frequent failure and recovery of resources. We present an algorithm by which every node in the system can reach the exact solution, as if it were given the combined database. The algorithm is entirely asynchronous, imposes very little communication overhead, transparently tolerates network topology changes and node failures, and quickly adjusts to changes in the data as they occur. Simulation of up to 10,000 nodes show that the algorithm is local: all rules, except for those whose confidence is about equal to the confidence threshold, are discovered using information gathered from a very small vicinity, whose size is independent of the size of the system.
Multi-agent Q-learning and regression trees for automated pricing decisions (2002)

We study the use of the reinforcement learning algorithm Q-learning with regression tree function approximation to learn pricing strategies in a competitive marketplace of economic software agents. Q-learning is an algorithm for learning to estimate the long-term expected reward for a given state-action pair. In the case of a stationary environment with a lookup table representing the Q-function, the learning procedure is guaranteed to converge to an optimal policy. However, utilizing Q-learning in multi-agent systems presents special challenges. The simultaneous adaptation of multiple agents creates a non-stationary environment for each agent, hence there are no theoretical guarantees of convergence or optimality. Also, large multi-agent systems may have state spaces too large to represent with lookup tables, necessitating the use of function approximation.
Yield Spreads and Interest Rate Movements: A BirdAS Eye View (1989)

The expectations theory of the term structure implies that the spread between a longer-term interest rate and a shorter-term interest rate forecasts two subsequent interest rate changes: the change in yield of the longer-term bond over the life of the shorter-term bond, and a weighted average of the changes in shorter-term rates over the life of the longer-term bond. For postwar U.S. data from Mcculloch [1987] and just about any combination of maturities between one month and ten years we find that the former relation is not borne out by the data, the latter roughly is. When the yield spread is high the yield on the longer-term bond tends to fall, contrary to the expectations theory; at the same time, the shorter-term interest rate tends to rise, just as the expectations theory requires. We discuss several possible interpretations of these findings. We argue that they are consistent with a model in which the spread is a multiple of the value implied by the expectations theory. This model could be generated by time-varying risk premia which are correlated with expected increases in short-term interest rates, or by a failure of rational expectations in our sample period.
Cationic Surfactants from Arginine: Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties (2012)

The present invention concerns the preparation of cationic surfactants derived from the condensation of an acid chloride, preferably a fatty acid with a number of carbon atoms 8, 9 and 14 with esterified amino acids, preferably basic-type amino acids, like (L)-arginine. The method comprises a first step in which the esterification of the amino acid with an alcohol is performed and a second step for the condensation with a chloride of fatty acid, using Schotten Baumann conditions. These surfactants constitute a novel class of chemicals of low toxicity with excellent surface properties and considerable antimicrobial activity. As in a conventional series of surfactants with different chain lengths, changes in the chain result in changes in the physicochemical properties. Excellent antimicrobial activity is observed for the homologue of 14 carbon atoms.
Optimized distribution protection using binary programming (1998)

The fundamental goal of an electric utility is to serve its customers with a reliable and low cost power supply. This goal has led to a number of standard protection engineering practices that ensure adequate service; however, with deregulation of the utility industry and increased competitive pressures, there is a desire to further improve service reliability and reduce costs. In this vein, this work proposes a binary programming optimization to identify type and location of the protective devices on a distribution feeder. The proposed algorithm uses engineering heuristics to minimize computational time. Numerical examples highlight the proposed approach.