gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CZT nanoRAIDER_VFG Factsheet (2016)

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is working with FLIR System Inc., the manufacturer of the nanoRAIDER, to design a handheld device based on a position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid (VFG) Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) detector array (with 1% or better energy resolution). The new device called nanoRAIDER VFG will be an improvement to the current nanoRAIDER, which is a compact gamma-ray detection instrument manufactured by FLIR Systems Inc. that employs relatively lower-performing CZT hemispheric detectors (i.e., 3%-FWHM CZT detectors). The nanoRAIDER will significantly improve the accuracy while maintaining similar efficiency, as compared to the nanoRAIDER, for in-field analysis of nuclear materials and detection of undeclared activities during inspections conducted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Since the nanoRAIDER is currently used by the IAEA as part of its Complementary Access toolkit, a relatively quick acceptance of the nanoRAIDER VFG for safeguards is anticipated. The nanoRAIDER VFG will help address several items listed in the IAEA’s Long-Term R&D Plan that could enhance the abilities to detect undeclared nuclear material and activities.
Habitant and Missionary: Ideology and the Voice-of-God in Two 1943 Films on Quebec (1991)

Alexis Tremblay, Habitant and A la croisée des chemins were produced in 1943 for two very different institutions: the National Film Board and the Catholic Church. Although the former is a documentary and the latter Quebec’s first feature-length fiction film, both use similar strategies to cope with the ideological tension between traditional values and progressive ideas in wartime Quebec. In both cases, a voice-of-God commentator is used to broaden the meanings to be found in traditional images. A close reading of the two films shows how their formal arrangement of sound and image reveals the ideological problems even as it attempts to hide them.
Encoding Electronic Spectra in Quantum Circuits with Linear T Complexity (2018)

We construct quantum circuits that exactly encode the spectra of correlated electron models up to errors from rotation synthesis. By invoking these circuits as oracles within the recently introduced "qubitization" framework, one can use quantum phase estimation to sample states in the Hamiltonian eigenbasis with optimal query complexity O=, where is an absolute sum of Hamiltonian coefficients and is the target precision. For both the Hubbard model and electronic structure Hamiltonian in a second quantized basis diagonalizing the Coulomb operator, our circuits have T-gate complexity O(N log1=), where N is the number of orbitals in the basis. This scenario enables sampling in the eigenbasis of electronic structure Hamiltonians with T complexity O(N 3 = N 2 log1==). Compared to prior approaches, our algorithms are asymptotically more efficient in gate complexity and require fewer T gates near the classically intractable regime. Compiling to surface code fault-tolerant gates and assuming per-gate error rates of one part in a thousand reveals that one can error correct phase estimation on interesting instances of these problems beyond the current capabilities of classical methods using only about a million superconducting qubits in a matter of hours.
Gulf War Illness Symptom Severity and Onset: A Cross-Sectional Survey (2020)

This cross-sectional sample of self-selected veterans with GWI demonstrates a high current burden of disease and reveals symptom onset patterns. The information from this study can be used to better understand the long-term trajectory of GWI and be integrated into the treatment and diagnosis of impacted veterans. It can also be used as historical deployed health data and inform the future medical care of combat veterans experiencing health effects from war exposures.
Defining the clonal dynamics leading to mouse skin tumour initiation (2016)

The changes in cell dynamics after oncogenic mutation that lead to the development of tumours are currently unknown. Here, using skin epidermis as a model, we assessed the effect of oncogenic hedgehog signalling in distinct cell populations and their capacity to induce basal cell carcinoma, the most frequent cancer in humans. We found that only stem cells, and not progenitors, initiated tumour formation upon oncogenic hedgehog signalling. This difference was due to the hierarchical organization of tumour growth in oncogene-targeted stem cells, characterized by an increase in symmetric self-renewing divisions and a higher p53-dependent resistance to apoptosis, leading to rapid clonal expansion and progression into invasive tumours. Our work reveals that the capacity of oncogene-targeted cells to induce tumour formation is dependent not only on their long-term survival and expansion, but also on the specific clonal dynamics of the cancer cell of origin.
Improving Reverberant Speech Separation with Synthetic Room Impulse Responses (2021)

We present a novel approach that improves the performance of reverberant speech separation. Our approach is based on an accurate geometric acoustic simulator (GAS) which generates realistic room impulse responses (RIRs) by modeling both specular and diffuse reflections. We also propose two training methods - pre-training and curriculum learning that significantly improve separation quality in the presence of reverberation. We also demonstrate that mixing the synthetic RIRs with a small number of real RIRs during training enhances separation performance. We eval-uate our approach on reverberant mixtures generated from real, recorded data (in several different room configurations) from the VOiCES dataset. Our novel approach (curriculum learning+pre-training+GAS) results in relative improvement of 123% in SI-SDRi over prior techniques based on image source method (ISM).
Estimating the effects of second-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus: retrospective cohort study (2017)

Our results are in line with current knowledge on second-line drug effectiveness and effect on BMI. They demonstrate that causal inference from electronic health records is an effective way for conducting multitreatment causal inference studies.
Quality and Characteristics of Recent Research in Technology Education (2008)

The focus of research in technology education has evolved throughout its history as the field changed from industrial arts to technology education With the move to technology education, the field has begun to broaden its focus to better understand the teaching, learning, curriculum, and policy implications of preparing the next generation of technological thinkers. Although a complete "paradigm shift" may not have occurred completely within all technology-oriented programs
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE TERTIAERER ARYLOXYACETAMIDE MIT CEREBRALEN UND PERIPHEREN VASODILATATORISCHEN EIGENSCHAFTEN (1975)

Abstract Die aus den substituierten Anilinen (I) und den Aminen (II) zugänglichen Derivate (III)werden mit der Aryloxyessigsäure (IV) (oder mit ihremChlorid oder Anhydrid) zu den N‐substituierten Amiden (V) kondensiert; diese lassen sich in ca. 64%iger Ausbeute auch durch Umsetzen von (I) zuerst mit (IV) und anschließend mit den Aminoalkylchloriden (II) gewinnen.
Acute Compartment Syndrome in a Hypothyroid Patient (1995)

Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is caused by conditions that either decrease the size of the compartment of increase the content of the compartment. Intracompartmental pressures are raised, thereby initiating a sequence of events that results in myoneural injury. Although limb trauma is the most common and well-organized etiology of ACS, the cause is frequently not readily apparent. Thyroid disease is not a commonly recognized cause of ACS; only one case of ACS associated with hypothyroidism has been previously reported. We now describe a second case of ACS in a patient with severe hypothyroidism and discuss the possible pathogenesis of this association.
CoRAL (2017)

Existing distributed asynchronous graph processing systems employ checkpointing to capture globally consistent snapshots and rollback all machines to most recent checkpoint to recover from machine failures. In this paper we argue that recovery in distributed asynchronous graph processing does not require the entire execution state to be rolled back to a globally consistent state due to the relaxed asynchronous execution semantics. We define the properties required in the recovered state for it to be usable for correct asynchronous processing and develop CoRAL, a lightweight checkpointing and recovery algorithm. First, this algorithm carries out confined recovery that only rolls back graph execution states of the failed machines to affect recovery. Second, it relies upon lightweight checkpoints that capture locally consistent snapshots with a reduced peak network bandwidth requirement. Our experiments using real-world graphs show that our technique recovers from failures and finishes processing 1.5x to 3.2x faster compared to the traditional asynchronous checkpointing and recovery mechanism when failures impact 1 to 6 machines of a 16 machine cluster. Moreover, capturing locally consistent snapshots significantly reduces intermittent high peak bandwidth usage required to save the snapshots -- the average reduction in 99th percentile bandwidth ranges from 22% to 51% while 1 to 6 snapshot replicas are being maintained.
Application of the line-source technique for vacuum thermal conductivity measurements (1970)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
The Facet Orientation Circle (1997)

Measurement of facet joint angulation using the facet orientation circle is possible and reproducible. The morphometric data presented may be useful as a reference for biomechanical and clinical research of facet joint orientation and asymmetry.
Macroscopic and electron microscopic appearance of chitosan-alginate beads. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Macroscopic image of chitosan-alginate beads (A). Scanning electron micrograph of chitosan-alginate bead (B; original magnification x50) showing the surface morphology (C; original magnification x2000), the internal morphology (D; original magnification x5000) and the alginate matrix (E; original magnification x10000).&lt;/p&gt;
Coffee, Tea, and Sugar-Sweetened Carbonated Soft Drink Intake and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of 14 Cohort Studies (2012)

Overall, no associations were observed for intakes of coffee or tea during adulthood and pancreatic cancer risk. Although we were only able to examine modest intake of SSB, there was a suggestive, modest positive association for risk of pancreatic cancer for intakes of SSB.
Fuel for the PEM Fuel Cell Vehicle (2002)

It is very obvious that the characteristics of high efficiency and super ultra low or zero emission of the PEM fuel cell, which is the perfect power source of the vehicle Fuel selection has significant impacts on cost and weight of PEM fuel cell vehicle, performance and development of fuel cell vehicle The paper compares the advantage and disadvantage of such fuel as hydrogen, methanol, gasoline The efficiency of hydrogen is the highest of all fuels but there is on suitable storage facility at present Gasoline is the most popular fuel at present Methanol is the tigtt choice between hydrogen and gasoline in terms of emission and efficiency
Synthesis and Reactions of N‐o‐Anisylsulfonylmethyl‐ and N‐o‐sec‐Butoxysulfonylmethylcarbodiimides with Aldehydes. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Precision Medicine: Role of Proteomics in Changing Clinical Management and Care (2018)

It is now possible to collect large sums of health-related data which has the potential to transform healthcare. Proteomics, with its central position as downstream of genetics and epigenetic inputs and upstream of biochemical outputs and integrators of environmental signals, is well-positioned to contribute to health discoveries and management. We present our perspective on the role of proteomics and other Omics in precision health and medicine.
Kernel multitask regression for toxicogenetics (2017)

Abstract The development of high-throughput in vitro assays to study quantitatively the toxicity of chemical compounds on genetically characterized human-derived cell lines paves the way to predictive toxicogenetics , where one would be able to predict the toxicity of any particular compound on any particular individual. In this paper we present a machine learning-based approach for that purpose, kernel multitask regression (KMR), which combines chemical characterizations of molecular compounds with genetic and transcriptomic characterizations of cell lines to predict the toxicity of a given compound on a given cell line. We demonstrate the relevance of the method on the recent DREAM8 Toxicogenetics challenge, where it ranked among the best state-of-the-art models, and discuss the importance of choosing good descriptors for cell lines and chemicals.
[DNA-based diagnostics of long QT syndrome]. (2005)

As of mid-January 2005, 56 probands with long QT syndrome have been referred for genetic testing. We have identified an underlying mutation in 64% of the patients. Mutations in the KCNQ1 gene are most frequent in Norwegian long QT syndrome patients, as 61% of the patients have their mutation in this gene. The detection of a mutation in the probands has led to genetic testing of 215 relatives; 99 out of these are heterozygous for the mutation present in the family. Heterozygous patients have been referred to a cardiologist. Of the 43 that have been referred to follow up at the department of cardiology at Rikshospitalet, 35 have started treatment with beta blockers to reduce the risk of arrhythmias. Thus, DNA-based diagnostics has clinical significance leading to prophylactic treatment of long QT syndrome patients. Compared to evaluation of ECG, which is negative in 30% of mutation carriers, the sensitivity of DNA-based diagnostics of relatives of probands with a known mutation, is close to 1.
Tribological Investigations of Parts Sintered and Coated by Laser Beam (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A decoding algorithm for I-Q space-time coded systems in fading environments (2002)

This paper presents the decoding of the I-Q space-time (ST) codes. The decoding problem of I-Q ST codes is formulated. The use of the super-trellis to solve the decoding problem results in an increased decoding complexity. Therefore, a simplified decoding algorithm is proposed. It is based on symbol-by-symbol detection of the Q/I components in the I/Q decoders. Simulation results showed that I-Q ST codes with the new algorithm provide coding gains over ST codes having the same complexity but with a single encoder.
A technique for combined virtual prototyping and hardware design (2002)

A technique to include virtual prototyping in the design cycle of complex digital modem ASICs is presented. It is innovating by using the same behavioral description for both the prototype as well as the final circuit implementation. Relating to verification of the design, this is a crucial benefit. The article discusses the prototyping mechanism by using the design of an upstream cable modem ASIC as a driving example. Also, the importance of prototyping is positioned within the design flow used to develop this cable modem.
3D target detection in through-the-wall radar imaging (2010)

We consider the problem of through the wall radar imaging when no a priori knowledge about the image statistics is available. The approach presented in this paper allows for automatic target detection. It integrates independent component analysis to reduce clutter and noise artifacts, spatial features, and histogram based thresholding. The proposed detection schemes are evaluated using real data and synthesized data.
Illuminating CO2 reduction on frustrated Lewis pair surfaces: investigating the role of surface hydroxides and oxygen vacancies on nanocrystalline In2O3−x(OH)y (2015)

Designing catalytic nanostructures that can thermochemically or photochemically convert gaseous carbon dioxide into carbon based fuels is a significant challenge which requires a keen understanding of the chemistry of reactants, intermediates and products on surfaces. In this context, it has recently been reported that the reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGS), whereby carbon dioxide is reduced to carbon monoxide and water, CO2 + H2 → CO + H2O, can be catalysed by hydroxylated indium oxide nanocrystals, denoted In2O(3-x)(OH)y, more readily in the light than in the dark. The surface hydroxide groups and oxygen vacancies on In2O(3-x)(OH)y were both shown to assist this reaction. While this advance provides a first step toward the rational design and optimization of a single-component gas-phase CO2 reduction catalyst for solar fuels generation, the precise role of the hydroxide groups and oxygen vacancies in facilitating the reaction on In2O(3-x)(OH)y nanocrystals has not been resolved. In the work reported herein, for the first time we present in situ spectroscopic and kinetic observations, complemented by density functional theory analysis, that together provide mechanistic information into the surface reaction chemistry responsible for the thermochemical and photochemical RWGS reaction. Specifically, we demonstrate photochemical CO2 reduction at a rate of 150 μmol gcat(-1) hour(-1), which is four times better than the reduction rate in the dark, and propose a reaction mechanism whereby a surface active site of In2O(3-x)(OH)y, composed of a Lewis base hydroxide adjacent to a Lewis acid indium, together with an oxygen vacancy, assists the adsorption and heterolytic dissociation of H2 that enables the adsorption and reaction of CO2 to form CO and H2O as products. This mechanism, which has its analogue in molecular frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry and catalysis of CO2 and H2, is supported by preliminary kinetic investigations. The results of this study emphasize the importance of engineering the surfaces of nanostructures to facilitate gas-phase thermochemical and photochemical carbon dioxide reduction reactions to energy rich fuels at technologically significant rates.
Demographic and clinical parameters influencing the short-term outcome of anti-tumor necrosis factor (infliximab) treatment in Crohn's disease (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Infliximab is an effective treatment for refractory or fistulizing Crohn's disease (CD). However, about 30% of patients do not respond to infliximab for unknown reasons. Identifying predictive factors of response is important for optimizing clinical management and for better understanding infliximab's mechanisms of action. The aim of this study was to assess whether demographic or clinical parameters influence short-term response to infliximab. METHODS: The first 240 CD patients of the Belgian Infliximab Expanded Access Program were studied for response to infliximab treatment and assessed at 4 (refractory luminal CD) or 10 wk (fistulizing CD) after the first infusion. Detailed demographic and clinical information on age, sex, type of disease (fistulizing or refractory), Crohn's Disease Activity Index score, C-reactive protein (CRP), smoking habits, disease duration, localization of disease, concomitant medication, and previous surgery were obtained from all patients. Logistic regression and decision tree analysis were performed. RESULTS: There were 73.5% responders and 26.5% nonresponders to treatment. Stepwise logistic regression identified age (OR = 0.971, 95% CI = 0.947-0.995, p = 0.018), isolated ileitis (OR = 0.359, 95% CI = 0.177-0.728, p = 0.004), and previous surgery (OR = 0.429, 95% CI = 0.233-0.787, p = 0.006) as inversely correlated with response, whereas isolated colitis (OR = 1.905, 95% CI = 1.010-3.597, p = 0.046) and concomitant immunosuppressive treatment (OR = 2.670, 95% CI = 1.430-5.016, p = 0.0022) were positively correlated with response to infliximab. Surprisingly, smoking habits were not retained as predictors for response. Decision tree analysis provided a working algorithm based on age and immunosuppressive treatment that warrants further exploration. CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of infliximab-treated CD patients, young age, Crohn's colitis, and concomitant immunosuppressive treatment were identified as independent variables favoring short-term response to infliximab. © 2002 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology.
Stereospecific synthesis of antitumor active thioether PAF analogs (1991)

A novel stereospecific synthesis of antitumor active thioether analogs of platelet-activating factor (PAF) is reported. The synthesis is based upon: i) the use of D-serine to provide the chiral center for the construction of the optically active phospholipid molecule; ii) development of the sn-1-thioalkyl function via thioacetate displacement of methanesulfonate-activated primary hydroxyl group followed by alkylation of the sn-1-thiolate function; and iii) introduction of the phosphocholine moiety through the 2-chloro-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane/trimethylamine sequence. The entire scheme relies on the use of a single protecting group. The synthetic thioether phospholipid 1-S-hexadecyl-2-N-acetamidodeoxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine has been shown to be a potent antitumor active phospholipid, exhibiting tumor cytotoxicity against a lymphoblastoid lymphoma (Li-A) cell line and a malignant histiocytic (DHL-4) cell line of human origin at the same level of potency as ET-18-OMe and 1-O-octadecyl-2-N-acetamidodeoxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The synthetic method described has a great deal of flexibility, providing a convenient general route to a wide range of thioether PAF analogs.
Modeling Machine Motion and Process Parameter Errors for Improving Dimensional Accuracy of Fused Deposition Modeling Machines (2018)

The dimensional accuracy of fused deposition modeling (FDM) machines is dependent on errors caused by processing parameters and machine motions. In this study, an integrated error model combining these effects is developed. Extruder temperature, layer thickness, and infill density are selected as parameters of this study for three FDM machines, namely, Flashforge Finder, Ultimaker 2 go, and XYZ da Vinci 2.0 Duo. Experiments have been conducted using Taguchi method and the interactions between processing parameters are analyzed. Based on the dimensional deviations between fabricated parts and the computer aided design (CAD) geometry, a set of coefficients for the integrated error model are calculated to characterize each machine. Based on the results of the integrated error model, the original CAD geometry is optimized for fabrication accuracy on each machine. New parts are fabricated using the optimized CAD geometries. Through comparing the dimensional deviations of parts fabricated before and after optimization, the effectiveness of the integrated error model is analyzed and demonstrated for the three FDM machines.