gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the effect of TiO2 nanocrystallites over the plasmonic photodegradation by Au nanoparticles (2018)

Abstract In this paper, we aimed at investigating the effect of the presence of small TiO 2 crystallites over the transfer of hot electrons from Au nanoparticles (NPs) mediated by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) excitation and its subsequent photocatalytic activities. To this end, we employed TiO 2 colloidal spheres composed of TiO 2 crystallites of 8.5 nm in size decorated with Au NPs (TiO 2 –Au) of 17 nm in size over the TiO 2 surface as model materials. Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light excitation was employed as a target plasmonic transformation. We found that the plasmonic photocatalytic activity was significantly higher for the TiO 2 –Au hybrid relative to its individual Au NPs or TiO 2 counterparts under excitation at 633 nm. These results could be explained based on the transfer of hot electrons generated upon the SPR excitation from Au NPs to the TiO 2 conduction band in the TiO 2 –Au material, which will be recombined on the surface of TiO 2 crystallites or at the interface between TiO 2 crystallites, decreasing electrons density in Au NPs that lead to the formation of hydroxyl radicals that contribute and improve the photocatalytic degradation of MB. This mechanism was supported by the fact that the presence of TiO 2 leads to a decrease in the p ‐aminothiophenol to p , p ′‐dimercaptoazobenzene SPR‐mediated oxidation in the TiO 2 –Au relative to Au NPs. We believe that the results reported herein suggest that TiO 2 –Au materials may represent attractive systems for designing plasmonic photocatalysts with improved performances towards a variety of transformations using solar/visible light as the energy input.
The WalkTrainer: A Robotic System for Walking Rehabilitation (2006)

Robots are excellent tools for providing motion. Their motion is precise, stiff and as repeatable as we need. This led the Swiss Foundation for Cyberthosis (SFC) to exploit robotics jointly with the muscle electrostimulation as intelligent rehabilitation devices. This paper will present one of this devices developed by the "Laboratoire des Systemes Robotiques (LSRO) at the EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Federate de Lausanne). This device called "The WalkTrainer <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> " is a robotic rehabilitation system composed by a deambulator, a pelvis orthosis, a body weight support, two leg orthoses and a real time controlled electrostimulator. The WalkTrainer <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> is a verticalized system allowing walking rehabilitation process. It can be used for paraplegic and hemiplegic persons. Clinical trials will be performed at the beginning of 2007. In the first part of this paper the context of the development of such devices is presented by introducing a stationary rehabilitation system: the MotionMaker <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> . The very encouraging clinical results obtained with this rehabilitation system are briefly presented in this paper and prove the rightness of the concept (Robotic system + Electrostimulation ⇒ Rehabilitation process). In the second part, the WalkTrainer <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> is presented with its components (robotic components and the controller). Finally, we will introduce the use of the WalkTrainer <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> , its flexibility and diversity of use either for diagnosis, test or measurement and walking rehabilitation.
The optical research progress of nanophosphors composed of transition elements in the fourth period of near-infrared windows I and II for deep-tissue theranostics (2022)

Research in the field of nano-optics is advancing by leaps and bounds, among which near-infrared (NIR) light optics have attracted much attention. NIR light has a longer wavelength than visible light, such that it can avoid shielding caused by biological tissues. This advantage has driven its importance and practicality in human treatment applications and has attracted significant attention from researchers in academia and industry. In the broad spectrum of infrared light wavelengths, the most noticeable ones are the NIR biological window I of 700-900 nm and window II of 1000-1700 nm. Luminescent materials can effectively cover the NIR biological window with different doping strategies. These doped elements are mostly transition elements with multielectron orbitals. Several nanomaterials based on narrow-spectrum lanthanides have been developed to correspond to biological applications of different wavelengths. However, this review explicitly introduces the absorption and reflection/luminescence interactions between NIR light and biological tissues independently. Unlike the adjustment of the wavelength of the lanthanide series, this review analyzes the NIR optical properties of the fourth-period element ions in transition elements (such as Cr<sup>3+</sup> and Ni<sup>2+</sup>). These elements have a broadband wavelength of NIR light emission and higher quantum efficiency, corresponding to the absorption and emission spectrum and photobiological absorption of different NIR windows for therapeutic diagnosis. Finally, this review lists and explores other broadband NIR phosphors and has tried to discover the possibility of non-invasive precision medicine in the future.
Primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene, annealing temperature and strains used as standards in qPCR analysis. (2015)

A&lt;p&gt;References: p201, p1370 &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0020113#pone.0020113-Tseng1" target="_blank"&gt;[48]&lt;/a&gt;; qBifF, qBIFR &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0020113#pone.0020113-Rinttil1" target="_blank"&gt;[49]&lt;/a&gt;; BiLON-1, BiLON-2, BiBIF-1, BiBIF-2, BiCAT-1, BiCAT-2, BiADO-1, BiADO-1b, BiADO-2 &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0020113#pone.0020113-Matsuki2" target="_blank"&gt;[50]&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;sup&gt;B&lt;/sup&gt;Two forward primers were used (BiADOg-1a and BiADOg-1b) to amplify &lt;i&gt;B. adolescentis&lt;/i&gt; genotypes A and B.&lt;/p&gt;
SDE5, the putative homologue of a human mRNA export factor, is required for transgene silencing and accumulation of trans‐acting endogenous siRNA (2007)

Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a sequence-specific RNA degradation process conserved in fungi, plants and animals. The trigger of the mechanism is double-stranded RNA derived from transgenic or endogenous loci and formed by intra- or inter-molecular interactions of single-stranded RNAs or the action of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs). Double-stranded RNA from various sources is processed by one of the four Dicer-like (DCL) proteins in Arabidopsis, and the resulting short RNAs enter into at least four different pathways, one of which involves the production of trans-acting short interfering RNAs (tasiRNAs). We report here a novel gene (SDE5) that is required for transgene silencing and the production of tasiRNAs. Mutation in SDE5 also results in hyper-susceptibility to cucumber mosaic virus but not turnip mosaic virus. However, like RDR6, SDE5 is not involved in inverted repeat-induced transgene silencing or the biogenesis of microRNAs and 24 nt siRNAs produced by DCL3. Based on these results, we propose that SDE5 acts together with RDR6 in generating double-stranded RNA from specific single-stranded RNAs. As the sequence of SDE5 has sequence features shared by TAP, a human mRNA export factor, we propose that its role could be in the transport of RNA molecules that are converted into a double-stranded form by RDR6.
The Turks and Caicos Islands: Why does the cloud still hang? (2012)

This paper considers the report of the 2009 UK government-appointed Commission of Inquiry into corruption in the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI), and draws comparisons with a similar Commission of Inquiry undertaken in 1986. The paper evaluates the characteristics of TCI society and the UK’s system of oversight of the territory, and whether they help to explain the problems that have blighted the territory in recent decades. The paper suggests that significant and positive reform is being undertaken, but it will still require deep-seated changes in the TCI’s political culture, as well as greater engagement on the part of the UK to finally banish the cloud hanging over the territory.
The Effect of Energetic Charged Particle Bombardment on the Properties of Thin Films of High Tc Superconductors (1988)

Abstract : The effects of low fluence ( < 10 to the 14th power/sq cm) 63 MeV H(+) and 65 MeV He2(+) irradiation of prototype thin films of YBa2Cu3O(7 - delta) produced by a plasma arc spray technique. The observed change in the resistance versus temperature behavior is much more dramatic than that observed for films produced by other techniques and resembles qualitatively a bond percolation threshold. The radiation sensitivity of these plasma-arc spray films is concluded to be due to poor intergranular characteristics. This information is being used to modify the processing steps to improve the properties of films produced by this technique. In contrast, high energy H and He ion irradiation of the laser evaporated films resulted in a negligible change in the resistance- temperature behavior. The low energy B and N ion irradiation of the laser evaporated films had the effect of a gradual lowering of the completion temperature of the superconducting transition (T sub C - completion). The gradual lowering of T sub C - completion with fluence, d (delta T sub c) / d phi, with similar results by other groups. This behavior is interpreted as a progressive decoupling of the grains and extrinsic to that of the bulk YBa2Cu3O(7-delta). (JHD)
A Case for Unstructured Distributed Hash Tables (2007)

Structured peer-to-peer overlays support compelling applications such as large-scale file systems and distributed backup using the distributed hash table (DHT) interface. While unstructured file-sharing systems continue to flourish, wide adoption of structured applications has been elusive. We explore an alternative path to deployment of these applications by asking the question, can structured applications be run on top of unstructured overlays? We build an unstructured distributed hash table (UDHT) on top of state of the art search and topology management mechanisms, and evaluate whether it can sufficiently emulate properties of DHTs to support structured applications.
Tensor Decompositions for Modeling Inverse Dynamics (2017)

Modeling inverse dynamics is crucial for accurate feedforward robot control. The model computes the necessary joint torques, to perform a desired movement. The highly non-linear inverse function of the dynamical system can be approximated using regression techniques. We propose as regression method a tensor decomposition model that exploits the inherent three-way interaction of positions x velocities x accelerations. Most work in tensor factorization has addressed the decomposition of dense tensors. In this paper, we build upon the decomposition of sparse tensors, with only small amounts of nonzero entries. The decomposition of sparse tensors has successfully been used in relational learning, e.g., the modeling of large knowledge graphs. Recently, the approach has been extended to multi-class classification with discrete input variables. Representing the data in high dimensional sparse tensors enables the approximation of complex highly non-linear functions. In this paper we show how the decomposition of sparse tensors can be applied to regression problems. Furthermore, we extend the method to continuous inputs, by learning a mapping from the continuous inputs to the latent representations of the tensor decomposition, using basis functions. We evaluate our proposed model on a dataset with trajectories from a seven degrees of freedom SARCOS robot arm. Our experimental results show superior performance of the proposed functional tensor model, compared to challenging state-of-the art methods.
4-D SEISMICS, GAS-HYDRATE DETECTION AND OVERPRESSURE PREDICTION AS A COMBINED METHODOLOGY FOR APPLICATION TO CO2 SEQUESTRATION (2006)

Seismic surveys have proven to be useful for monitoring injected CO2 in the subsurface. In this work, we show how rock physics, poro-elastic modeling and 3D seismic tomography can be combined to detect the subtle changes in seismic properties related to changes in pore-fill. 3D seismic tomography yields the P- and S-wave velocity cubes, which are converted to petro-physical properties by using rock-physics models of partial saturation under varying temperature and pressure conditions, and seismic numerical modeling. The methodology is illustrated with field examples of time-lapse analysis and gashydrate detection.
Blue Carbon Dot-Based Portable Smartphone Platform for Visualization of Copper(II) (2022)

The acidic soil where tea grows makes the accumulation of copper ions (Cu2+) easy. Long-term drinking of tea infusions and tea beverages will cause abnormal accumulation of copper in the human body and endanger human health. Herein, we designed a visual portable smartphone platform based on ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobes for the rapid, real-time, and sensitive detection of Cu2+ in tea and tea beverages. We synthesized the ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe formed by blue carbon dots (BCDs), which are used as internal standards, and a sensing reagent (diethyl-[5-(2-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododec-1-yl-acetylamino)-benzo[α]phenoxazin-9-ylidene]-ammonium (cyclen-NB)) for Cu2+. With an excitation wavelength of 330 nm, the emission wavelengths of cyclen-NB and BCDs are 674 and 451 nm, respectively. Cyclen-NB effectively captures Cu2+ to form a metal complex via a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT), resulting in obvious color changes from red to blue-violet. The designed ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe has high sensitivity, good selectivity, and strong anti-interference ability, and the detection limit can be as low as 1.37 nM. Furthermore, a visual portable sensing platform was constructed based on the ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe in combination with smartphones. The color recognition software of the smartphone can convert the color information of the photos taken by the mobile phone into digital data for analysis; and the detection limit is as low as 4.83 nM, and the yield rate is 86.79–111.20% (RSD ≤ 4.95). Therefore, the method reported in this manuscript can provide a convenient method for rapid on-site and visual inspection of tea and tea beverages for food safety.
The Role of Cystatin C in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Stroke: Cell Biology and Animal Models (2006)

A variant of the cysteine protease inhibitor, cystatin C, forms amyloid deposited in the cerebral vasculature of patients with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis, Icelandic type (HCHWA-I), leading to cerebral hemorrhages early in life. However, cystatin C is also implicated in neuronal degenerative diseases in which it does not form the amyloid protein, such as Alzheimer disease (AD). Accumulating data suggest involvement of cystatin C in the pathogenic processes leading to amyloid deposition in cerebral vasculature and most significantly to cerebral hemorrhage in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). This review focuses on cell culture and animal models used to study the role of cystatin C in these processes.
Čeština jako cizí jazyk úroveň Al. Fonetika a prostředky vyjadřování modality (2006)

Cestina jako cizi jazyk urove A l. Fonetika a prostredky vyjadrovam modalityV roce 2005 se podafilo dokonit popis prvnich tyr urovni etiny jako cizfho jazyka, a to v kategoriich tzv.uivatele zakadu jazyka (urovne A l a A2) a samostatneho uivatele (urove BI bya pro etinu publikovanaji v roce 2001, v roce 2005 ji nasledovaa urove B2).Vechny popisy vychazely ze Spoleneho evropskeho referenniho ramce.Urove A l, jejipopis vznikl jako zakazka MMTLS0303, predstavuje nejnii urove generativniho ovladnuti jazyka, zjednoduene receno "zakady jazyka".Proto
IoT Privacy (2015)

Privacy is part of the Internet of Things (IoT) discussion because of the increased potential for sensitive data collection. In the vision for IoT, sensors penetrate ubiquitously into our physical lives and are funneled into big data systems for analysis. IoT data allows new benefits to end users - but also allows new inferences that erode privacy. The usual privacy mechanisms employed by users no longer work in the context of IoT. Users can no longer turn off a service (e.g., GPS), nor can they even turn off a device and expect to be safe from tracking. IoT means the monitoring and data collection is continuing even in the physical world. On a computer, we have at least a semblance of control and can in principle determine what applications are running and what data they are collecting. For example, on a traditional computer, we do have malware defenses - even if imperfect. Such defenses are strikingly absent for IoT, and it is unclear how traditional defenses can be applied to IoT. The issue of control is the main privacy problem in the context of IoT. Users generally don't know about all the sensors in the environment (with the potential exception of sensors in the user's own home). Present-day examples are WiFi MAC trackers and Google Glass, of course, but systems in the future will become even less discernible. In one sense, this is a security problem - detecting malicious devices or "environmental malware." But it is also a privacy problem - many sensor devices in fact want to be transparent to users (for instance, by adopting a traditional notice-and-consent model), but are blocked by the lack of a natural communication channel to the user. Even assuming communication mechanisms, we have complex usability problems. For instance, we need to understand what sensors a person might be worried about and in what contexts. Audio capture at home is different from audio capture in a lecture hall. What processing is done on the sensor data may also be important. A camera capturing video for purposes of gesture recognition may be less worrisome than for purposes of facial recognition (and, of course, the user needs assurance on the proclaimed processing). Finally, given the large number of "things", the problem of notice fatigue must be dealt with, or notifications will become no more useful than browser security warnings. In this talk, we discuss all these problems in detail, together with potential solutions.
Deep crustal structure in the eastern Gulf of Mexico (2014)

Abstract We use air gun data recorded by ocean bottom seismometers to constrain the velocity structure along Gulf of Mexico Basin Opening Line 4, a profile extending from the northwestern Florida peninsula across the Florida Escarpment to the central Gulf of Mexico. Moderately thinned continental crust with a Moho depth of 32–33 km, average sediment thickness of 6 km, and an average crustal thickness of 27 km is interpreted on the northeast end of the profile offshore Florida. Thinned and intruded continental crust is identified over a horizontal distance of 225 km where the crustal layer thins from 25 km to 6–7 km; mean seismic velocities of the crust in this region increase from 6.55 km/s to 6.95 km/s from northeast to southwest and are evidence for increased magmatic input as rifting developed. Oceanic crust with an average thickness of 5.6–5.7 km is observed over a distance of 175 km on the southwest end of the profile, with an extinct spreading ridge with an axial valley morphology imaged on a coincident seismic reflection profile. Anomalously high upper oceanic crust velocities of 6.0–6.7 km/s are interpreted as massive basalt flows and could reflect increased temperatures during emplacement. Integrating well, seismic reflection and our seismic refraction data allow us to estimate a full‐spreading rate of 2.2 cm/yr for seafloor spreading along the profile; this indicates that oceanic crust was emplaced at a slow‐spreading center.
Protein Kinase C-mediated Phosphorylation of the Myristoylated Alanine-rich C-kinase Substrate Protects It from Specific Proteolytic Cleavage (1996)

The myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a major cellular substrate of protein kinase C. Its concentration in cells is important for the normal development of the central nervous system, and perhaps other physiological processes. We found that MARCKS concentrations in cells were regulated in part by a specific proteolytic cleavage; this resulted in two fragments, each representing about half of the intact protein, that co-existed with MARCKS in cells and tissues. These fragments were present in significant concentrations in quiescent fibroblasts; they disappeared, and the amount of intact MARCKS increased, within 15 s of activation of protein kinase C by serum. In vitro experiments demonstrated that phosphorylated MARCKS was a poor substrate for a protease activity present in cell extracts, whereas dephosphorylated MARCKS was a good substrate. Both the protease activity and the specific MARCKS cleavage products were essentially absent in brain, but present in many other cells and tissues. The protease activity, which had the characteristics of a cysteine protease, cleaved MARCKS between Asn147 and Glu148 of the bovine sequence, three amino acids to the amino-terminal side of the MARCKS phosphorylation site domain. These studies demonstrate that MARCKS is subjected to specific cleavage by a cellular protease, in a manner dependent on the phosphorylation state of the substrate. This represents a novel means of regulating cellular MARCKS concentrations; these data also raise the interesting possibility that MARCKS is involved in regulating the activity of this novel cellular protease.
The response rate in postal epidemiological studies in the context of national cultural behaviour (2012)

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of national cultural differences on the response rate, obtained in questionnaire based epidemiological studies on allergy and asthma, performed in Sweden (DBH) and Bulgaria (ALLHOME). The two studies used one and the same methodology, but the obtained response rate was different: 78.8% in DBH and 34.5% in ALLHOME. The differences in the obtained response rate and the reasons for these differences were analyzed on the basis of the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions’ indexes, which clearly show the distinction in the national cultural behaviour of people in Sweden and Bulgaria. It was found that national culture could strongly influence the response behaviour of people in epidemiological studies and Hofstede’s indexes can be useful tool when designing and performing epidemiological studies, and in particular – questionnaire surveys.