gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of a Tridentate o-Phenylene-Bridged Diphosphine−NHC System (2009)

The preparation of a di-o-phenylene-bridged tridentate PCP donor set is described starting with t-BOC-aniline followed by a series of steps that include lithiation, quenching with Pri2PCl, conversion to the phosphine sulfide, and assembling the unsaturated N-heterocyclic carbene unit. After desulfurization, the imidazolinium unit flanked by two phosphine units, represented as [(PCP)H]PF6 is obtained. Subsequent reaction with group 10 M(0) reagents (Ni(COD)2, Pd(PPh3)4, and Pt(PPh3)4) generates good yields of the corresponding metal hydride complexes, [(PCP)MH]PF6 salts (where M = Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II)). Each of these species has been characterized by elemental analyses, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. All of the structures show that the PCP unit is twisted with respect to the square plane of the d8 metal complex.
Analyses of Aliphatic Aldehydes and Ketones in Carbonaceous Chondrites (2019)

Aliphatic aldehydes and ketones are essential building blocks for the synthesis of more complex organic compounds. Despite their potentially key role as precursors of astrobiologically important molecules, such as amino acids and carboxylic acids, this family of compounds has scarcely been evaluated in carbonaceous chondrites. The paucity of such analyses likely derives from the low concentration of aldehydes and ketones in the meteorites and from the currently used chromatographic methodologies that have not been optimized for meteorite analysis. In this work, we report the development of a novel analytical method to quantify the molecular distribution and compound-specific isotopic analysis of 29 aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. Using this method, we have investigated the molecular distribution and <sup>13</sup>C-isotopic composition of aldehydes and ketones in 10 carbonaceous chondrites from the CI, CM, CR, and CV groups. The total concentration of carbonyl compounds ranged from 130 to 1000 nmol g<sup>-1</sup> of meteorite with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone being the most abundant species in all investigated samples. The <sup>13</sup>C-isotopic values ranged from -67 to +64‰ and we did not observe clear relationships between <sup>13</sup>C-content and molecular weight. Accurately measuring the relative abundances, determining the molecular distribution, and isotopic composition of chondritic organic compounds is central in assessing both their formation chemistry and synthetic relationships.
Adapting Hearing Devices to the Individual Ear Acoustics: Database and Target Response Correction Functions for Various Device Styles (2018)

To achieve a natural sound quality when listening through hearing devices, the sound pressure at the eardrum should replicate that of the open ear, modified only by an insertion gain if desired. A target approximating this reference condition can be computed by applying an appropriate correction function to the pressure observed at the device microphone. Such Target Response Correction Functions (TRCF) can be defined based on the directionally dependent relative transfer function between the location of the hearing device microphone and the eardrum of the open ear. However, it is unclear how exactly the TRCF should be derived, and how large the benefit of individual, versus generic, correction is. We present measurements of Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTF) at the eardrum and at 9 microphone locations of a comprehensive set of 5 hearing device styles, including 91 incidence directions, and recorded in 16 subjects and 2 dummy heads. Based on these HRTFs, individualized and generic TRCF were computed for frontal (referred to as free-field) and diffuse-field sound incidence. Spectral deviations between the computed target and listening with the open ear were evaluated using an auditory model and virtual acoustic scenes. Results indicate that a correction for diffuse-field incidence should be preferred over the free field, and individual correction functions result in notably reduced spectral deviations to open-ear listening, as compared with generic correction functions. These outcomes depend substantially on the specific device style. The HRTF database and derived TRCFs are publicly available.
Application of Interpolation Method to Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Removal of Radio-Frequency Noise (2011)

Dept. of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Jochiwon, Yeongi, Chungnam 339-700, KoreaReceived June 3, 2011, Accepted August 18, 2011Key Words : Image processing, RF noise, Interpolation method, De-noising methodIn magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), noise filtering iswidely used to improve image quality,
Radiation induced crosslinking effect on semi - interpenetrating polymer networks of poly(vinyl alcohol) (2007)

Semi-IPNs with varying contents of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly acrylamide (PAM) and crosslinker N,N'methylene bis acrylamide (MBA) were prepared by redox polymerization method. The structural and morphological properties were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods, respectively. It was found that the surface of the hydrogel is heterogeneous with separated domains. XRD result shows the semi-crystalline nature of the semi-IPNs. The prepared semi-IPNs of different compositions were subjected to gamma irradiation (2 to 250 kGy) and the radiation induced effects on their strength of the semi-IPNs were studied by measuring the surface microhardness using a Vickers microhardness tester. Significant changes were observed in the Vickers microhardness, which were correlated with molecular architecture of the prepared semi-IPNs.
Enzymatic and Structural Characterization of the Naegleria fowleri Glucokinase (2019)

Infection with the free-living amoeba <i>Naegleria fowleri</i> leads to life-threatening primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Efficacious treatment options for these infections are limited, and the mortality rate is very high (∼98%). Parasite metabolism may provide suitable targets for therapeutic design. Like most other organisms, glucose metabolism is critical for parasite viability, being required for growth in culture. The first enzyme required for glucose metabolism is typically a hexokinase (HK), which transfers a phosphate from ATP to glucose. The products of this enzyme are required for both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. However, the <i>N. fowleri</i> genome lacks an obvious HK homolog and instead harbors a glucokinase (Glck). The <i>N. fowleri</i> Glck (NfGlck) shares limited (25%) amino acid identity with the mammalian host enzyme (<i>Homo sapiens</i> Glck), suggesting that parasite-specific inhibitors with anti-amoeba activity can be generated. Following heterologous expression, NfGlck was found to have a limited hexose substrate range, with the greatest activity observed with glucose. The enzyme had apparent <i>K<sub>m</sub></i> values of 42.5 ± 7.3 μM and 141.6 ± 9.9 μM for glucose and ATP, respectively. The NfGlck structure was determined and refined to 2.2-Å resolution, revealing that the enzyme shares greatest structural similarity with the <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Glck. These similarities include binding modes and binding environments for substrates. To identify inhibitors of NfGlck, we screened a small collection of inhibitors of glucose-phosphorylating enzymes and identified several small molecules with 50% inhibitory concentration values of <1 μM that may prove useful as hit chemotypes for further leads and therapeutic development against <i>N. fowleri</i>.
Algorithmic mechanism design (extended abstract) (1999)

We consider algorithmic problems in a distributed setting where the participants annot be assumed to follow the algorithm but rather their own self-interest. As such pxticipants, termed agents, are capable of manipulating the algorithm, the algorithm designer should ensure in advance that the agents' interests are best served by behaving correctly.
MR cholangiopancreatography: efficacy of three-dimensional turbo spin-echo technique. (1995)

Respiratory-triggered, multislab, three-dimensional turbo spin-echo MR cholangiopancreatography is a noninvasive technique for visualization of the pancreatic and biliary ductal systems. It is capable of providing diagnostic information equivalent to invasive techniques in a large percentage of patients and should be the technique of choice when invasive techniques are incomplete, unsuccessful, or technically difficult.
Efficient Audio Noise Reduction System Using Butterworth Chebyshev and Elliptical filter (2017)

Digital signal processing is widely used to manipulate, modify, enhance or filter signals such as speech, audio, image and telecommunication signal. Signals can be processed in the analog domain, but the digital domain offers high speed, better accuracy, greater flexibility increased storing capabilities and simple implementation. The audio signal noise reduction has become a fundamental area of research for many real world applications. There are two forms of filters one is fixed, and another one is tunable. Fixed filters measure those within which passband frequencies and stop band frequencies, square measure mounted whereas just in case of tunable filters, passband and stop band frequencies measured variable. These frequencies will be modified consistent with the need of the applications. Tunable digital filters are widely used in medical electronics, digital audio instrumentation, telecommunications and control systems. It is often the essential requirement for removal of noise from the audio signal.
Dispersion Compensation in 40 Gb/s Non-Return-to-Zero Optical Transmission System Using Coupled-Cavity Photonic Crystals (2005)

We experimentally demonstrated the dispersion compensation in a 40 Gb/s non-return-to-zero optical transmission, using photonic crystal coupled-cavity waveguides (PhC CCWs). In this experiment, the PhC CCWs consisted of one-dimensional SiO 2 /Ta 2 O 5 thin film structures. The deteriorated optical signal after traveling a single-mode fiber (SMF) was compensated for by transmitting three times into a ten-stack PhC CCW. As a result, a well-defined eye pattern was obtained at a distance of 4.5 km for an SMF, although it closed without the CCWs. This indicated that the CCWs compensated for a dispersion of more than 60 ps/nm. This is the first experimental result showing that the PhC can be used to construct a compact dispersion compensator in a 40 Gb/s optical transmission.
Thermally Reversible Diels–Alder Bond‐Containing Acrylate Networks Showing Improved Lifetime (2020)

Abstract Photopolymerization of (meth)acrylates into highly crosslinked networks is in general accompanied by volumetric shrinkage, often leading to premature material failure. In this work, thermoreversible Diels–Alder groups are investigated to explore their effect on material lifetime. A difunctional acrylic monomer containing Diels–Alder moieties is synthesized and successfully incorporated in a polymer network by photopolymerization. It is demonstrated that upon heating above 150 °C, the Diels–Alder bonds open, yielding topological rearrangements of the network. The mechanical properties of the material after opening of the Diels–Alder moieties are investigated by tensile testing, showing a high strain‐rate dependence of the yield stress which is indicative of a longer lifetime at the higher strain rates that are prevalent in load‐bearing applications.
Neural detection of QAM modulation in the presence of interference (2002)

Novel receiver structures combining traditional transversal equalizers and neural networks have been introduced for adaptive discrete-signal detection to improve the equalizer performance especially in compensating nonlinear distortions. In addition to noise and nonlinearities, various interfering signals may be present. In this paper, the behavior of the neural receivers in the presence of random interference has been investigated. New adaptive structures for compensating interference are presented.
Integral line-of-sight for path following of underwater snake robots (2014)

This paper considers straight line path following control of underwater snake robots in the presence of constant irrotational currents. An integral line-of-sight (LOS) guidance law is proposed, which is combined with a sinusoidal gait pattern and a directional controller that steers the robot towards and along the desired path. Integral action is introduced in the guidance law to compensate for the ocean current effect. The stability of the proposed control scheme in the presence of ocean currents is investigated. In particular, using Poincaré map analysis, we prove that the state variables of an underwater snake robot trace out an exponentially stable periodic orbit when the integral LOS path following controller is applied. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed path following controller for both lateral undulation and eel-like motion.
УПРАВЛІННЯ ЯКІСТЮ ПРОДУКЦІЇ В СИСТЕМІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА (2021)

У даній публікації висвітлено найважливіші питання функціонування системи управління якістю на підприємстві. Проаналізовано вплив системи управління якістю продукції на її конкурентоспро-можність. Досліджено розвиток системи управління якістю продукції, а також обґрунтовано принципи фор-мування та функціонування систем якості, які впливають на конкурентоспроможність самого підприємства. Доведено, що в системі широкомасштабної глобалізації зміцнення конкурентоспроможності набуває надзви-чайно важливого значення, адже не завжди керівники підприємств здатні швидко адаптуватися до сучасних мінливих умов бізнес-середовища, що становить велику загрозу подальшому ефективному функціонуванню підприємства. Для цього проаналізовано сучасні концепції управління якістю, основні принципи системи управ-ління якістю, а також зовнішні і внутрішні чинники, які впливають на якість продукції. Обгрунтовано, що першочергове завдання, яке постає перед керівництвом підприємства, - це розробка заходів щодо впроваджен-ня на практиці сертифікованої системи якості. Це забезпечить вищий рівень довіри у споживачів і партнерів у порівнянні з іншими підприємствами, тим самим зміцнивши його конкурентні позиції на ринку. Також пока-зано, які переваги вітчизняним підприємствам дає дане впровадження на практиці. Запропоновано основні напрями покращення управління якістю продукції на підприємствах через імплементацію системи управління якістю, яка відповідає стандартам ISO, та вико-ристання в практиці вітчизняних підприємств інтегрованих систем управління якістю. Це, в свою чергу, зміцнить конкурентні переваги підприємства через застосування системного і процесного підходів до управління підприємством, залучення інвестицій в інтелектуальний капітал, забезпечить підприємству високу ринкову позицію, а отже і сприятиме розвитку регіонів, де такі підприємства розташовані.
Aperture scattering models based on mode matching and fourier transform (2005)

In this paper, three theoretical aperture scattering models for rectangular, circular, and circumferential apertures are presented. The techniques of Fourier transform, integral transform, and mode matching are used to form sets of simultaneous equations for the discrete modal coefficients. The presented scattering models are amenable to computation and are useful for various antenna and EMI/EMC applications.
Chemokines, a Family of Chemotactic Cytokines (1995)

Chemokines are low-molecular-weight proteins that stimulate recruitment of leukocytes. They are secondary pro-inflammatory mediators that are induced by primary pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The physiologic importance of this family of mediators is derived from their specificity. Unlike the classic leukocyte chemo-attractants, which have little specificity, members of the chemokine family induce recruitment of well-defined leukocyte subsets. Thus, chemokine expression can account for the presence of different types of leukocytes observed in various normal or pathologic states. There are two major chemokine sub-families based upon the position of cysteine residues, i.e., CXC and CC. All members of the CXC chemokine sub-family have an intervening amino acid between the first two cysteines; members of the CC chemokine sub-family have two adjacent cysteines. As a general rule (with some notable exceptions), members of the CXC chemokines are chemotactic for neutrophils, and CC chemokines are chemotactic for monocytes and a small sub-set of lymphocytes. This review discusses the potential role of chemokines in inflammation and focuses on the two best-characterized chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a CC chemokine, and interleukin-8 (IL-8), a member of the CXC chemokine sub-family.
IL7R gene expression network associates with human healthy ageing (2015)

Overall, we conclude that the IL7R network reflected by gene expression levels in blood may be involved in the rate of ageing and health status of elderly individuals.
Tracking the temporal variation of COVID-19 surges through wastewater-based epidemiology during the peak of the pandemic: a six-month long study in Charlotte, North Carolina (2021)

ABSTRACT The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has continued to be a serious concern after WHO declared the virus the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic. Monitoring of wastewater is a useful tool for assessing community prevalence given that fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 occurs in high concentrations by infected individuals, regardless of whether they are asymptomatic or symptomatic. Using tools that are part of the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach, combined with molecular analyses, wastewater monitoring becomes a key piece of information used to assess trends and quantify the scale and dynamics of COVID-19 infection in a specific community, municipality, or area of service. This study investigates a six-month long SARS-CoV-2 RNA quantification in influent wastewater from four municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) serving the Charlotte region of North Carolina (NC) using both RT-qPCR and RT-ddPCR platforms. Influent wastewater was analyzed for the nucleocapsid (N) genes N1 and N2. Both RT-qPCR and RT-ddPCR performed well for detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 using the N1 target, while for the N2 target RT-ddPCR was more sensitive. SARS-CoV-2 concentration ranged from 10 3 to10 5 copies/L for all four plants. Both RT-qPCR and RT-ddPCR showed a significant moderate to a strong positive correlation between SARS-CoV-2 concentrations and the 7-day rolling average of clinically reported COVID-19 cases using a lag that ranged from 7 to 12 days. A major finding of this study is that despite small differences, both RT-qPCR and RT-ddPCR performed well for tracking the SARS-CoV-2 virus across WWTP of a range of sizes and metropolitan service functions.
Receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) interact with theVPAC2receptor andCRF1receptors and modulate their function (2012)

The VPAC(2) and CRF(1) receptors interact with RAMPs. This modulates G-protein coupling in an agonist-specific manner. For CRF(1), coupling to RAMP2 may be of physiological significance.
Feasibility evaluation of diffusion-weighted imaging using an integrated MRI-radiotherapy system for response assessment to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer (2017)

DWI using a low-field MRI radiotherapy system for evaluating the responses to NAC is feasible. Advances in knowledge: ADC values obtained using a 0.35-T MRI radiotherapy system over the course of NAC for rectal cancer correlate with pathological responses.
Achievement of English National Service Framework lipid-lowering goals: pooled data from recent comparative treatment trials of statins at starting doses (2005)

Despite the importance of reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, detailed in guidelines in many countries, repeated surveys show poor physician performance in attaining guideline lipid targets, which is associated with reluctance by physicians to up-titrate statins from starting doses. Data from randomised, double-blind trials comparing common starting doses of atorvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin and simvastatin for 12 weeks in hypercholesterolaemic patients were therefore analysed for achievement of lipid-lowering goals recommended by the England National Service Framework (NSF) for coronary heart disease (CHD). In three pooled trials, rosuvastatin 10 mg (n = 389) reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol more significantly than atorvastatin 10 mg (n = 393) (p < 0.001). NSF goals were achieved by 83% of rosuvastatin patients vs. 55% of atorvastatin patients (p < 0.001) at relevant starting doses. In two pooled trials, rosuvastatin 10 mg (n = 226) reduced LDL-C and total cholesterol more significantly than simvastatin 20 mg (n = 249) and pravastatin 20 mg (n = 252) (p < 0.001). NSF goals were achieved at starting doses by 83% of rosuvastatin patients vs. 51% of simvastatin patients and 19% of pravastatin patients (p < 0.001 vs. each comparator). This improved achievement of NSF lipid target, at starting doses, was also seen in high-risk patients (those eligible for secondary prevention or primary prevention because of a 10-year CVD risk of >30%) with 84% patients on rosuvastatin vs. 58% on atorvastatin and 75% of patients on rosuvastatin vs. 49% on simvaststin and 24% on pravastatin. In summary, there are considerable and clinically significant variations in the achievement of lipid goals between common starting doses of statins in hypercholesterolaemic patients.
Small molecule inhibitor regorafenib inhibits RET signaling in neuroblastoma cells and effectively suppresses tumor growth in vivo (2017)

Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor, continues to cause significant cancer-related morbidity and mortality in children. Dysregulation of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has been shown to contribute to tumorigenesis in various human cancers and targeting these RTKs has had therapeutic benefit. RET is an RTK which is commonly expressed in NB, and high expression of RET correlates with poor outcomes in patients with NB. Herein we report that RET is required for NB cell proliferation and that the small molecule inhibitor regorafenib (BAY 73-4506) blocks glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-induced RET signaling in NB cells and inhibits NB growth both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. We found that regorafenib significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation ability of NB cells. Moreover, regorafenib suppressed tumor growth in both an orthotopic xenograft NB mouse model and a <i>TH-MYCN</i> transgenic NB mouse model. Finally, regorafenib markedly improved the overall survival of <i>TH-MYCN</i> transgenic tumor-bearing mice. In summary, our study suggests that RET is a potential therapeutic target in NB, and that using a novel RET inhibitor, like regorafenib, should be investigated as a therapeutic treatment option for children with NB.
ChemInform Abstract: Achieving Functional Group Diversity in Parallel Synthesis: Solution‐Phase Synthesis of a Library of Ureas, Carbamates, Thiocarbamates, and Amides Using Carbamoylimidazolium Salts. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.