gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC AND CONFORMATIONAL ASPECTS OF TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM‐METHYL SUBSTITUTED 2‐OXAZOLINES AS POTENTIAL CHOLINERGICS (1979)

Abstract Kondensation von Chlormethyloxiran (II) mit den Nitrilen (Ia)‐(Id) ergibt die Chlormethyloxazoline (III), deren Dimethylamin Derivate (IV) zu den Salzen (V) quaternisiert werden; das aus (Ie) und (II) zugänglich Chlormethyloxazolin (VI) reagiert mit HNMez nicht zu dem erwarteten Derivat (VII).
One‐Step Synthesis of Functionalized Triptycene‐quinones as Acceptors for Electron‐Transfer Compounds (1997)

Abstract The synthesis of appropriate porphyrin‐quinone electron‐transfer complexes as model compounds for photosynthesis requires access to functionalized triptycene quinone aldehydes with different redox potentials. A synthetic strategy involving a classical Diels‐Alder reaction, tautomerization and oxidation was only of limited utility for preparing the desired compounds. Thus, an alternative approach was required and for this purpose a strategy involving the reaction of excess quinone with appropriate anthracene derivatives in acetic acid has been developed. This method affords the target compounds in a single synthetic step in good yields and with high purity. The aldehyde functionality required for the subsequent porphyrin synthesis can be incorporated into either the anthracene or the quinone starting component. Fifteen different triptycene quinones have been synthesized, eight of which have been studied in detail by single crystal X‐ray crystallography to provide insight into their structural chemistry and solid‐state aggregation properties. Additionally, the synthesis of two porphyrin‐quinone target compounds is described.
An update of luteal phase support in stimulated IVF cycles (2007)

Stimulated IVF cycles are associated with luteal phase defect. In order to overcome this, different doses, durations and types of luteal phase support (LPS) have been evaluated. There is still no agreement regarding the optimal supplementation scheme. The aim of this paper is to assess the past and the current clinical practices of luteal supplementation in IVF. The databases of Medline and PubMed were searched to identify relevant publications. LPS with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) [n=262, odds ratio (OR) 2.72 (95%), confidence interval (CI) 1.56-4.90, P<0.05] or progesterone (n=260, OR 1.57 CI 1.13, 2.17, P<0.05) results in an increased pregnancy rate compared with placebo, however, hCG is associated with increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Natural micronized progesterone is not efficient if taken orally. The data on oral dydrogesterone are still conflicting. Vaginal and intra muscular progesterone have comparable outcomes. The addition of estradiol (E2) seems to be beneficial in long GnRH agonist protocol (implantation rate 39.6% with E2 compared with no E2; P<0.05) but not in the short GnRH agonist and GnRH antagonist protocol. Despite the early promising results, it is too early to recommend the use of GnRH agonist in LPS. LPS should cease on the day of positive HCG. Since the cause of luteal phase defect in IVF appears to be related to the supraphysiological levels of steroids, milder stimulation protocols should be advocated in order to eventually overcome the luteal phase defect.
Device Scaling Considerations for Nanophotonic CMOS Global Interconnects (2013)

We introduce an analytical framework to understand the path for scaling nanophotonic interconnects to meet the energy and footprint requirements of CMOS global interconnects. We derive the device requirements for sub-100 fJ/cm/bit interconnects including tuning power, serialization-deserialization energy, and optical insertion losses. Using CMOS with integrated nanophotonics as an example platform, we derive the energy/bit, linear, and areal bandwidth density of optical interconnects. We also derive the targets for device performance which indicate the need for continued improvements in insertion losses (<;8 dB), laser efficiency, operational speeds (>40 Gb/s), tuning power (<;100 μW/nm), serialization-deserialization (<;10 fJ/bit/Operation), and necessity for spectrally selective devices with wavelength multiplexing (>6 channels).
Transcellular and intercellular transport of anions in the kidney tubules of dogs (1981)

Fractional reabsorption of 4 anions was measured in anesthetized dogs either during inhibition of bicarbonate-dependent intercellular NaCl transport by acetazolamide or mannitol, or during inhibition of transcellular NaCl reabsorption in the diluting segment by ethacrynic acid or ouabain. When administered subsequent to ethacrynic acid, acetazolamide reduced fractional reabsorption of SCN, Br, Cl and I by 0.28 +/- 0.03, 0.28 +/- 0.02, 0.27 +/- 0.03 and 0.31 +/- 0.03. Mannitol given after ethacrynic acid reduced fractional reabsorptions by 0.23 +/- 0.04, 0.20 +/- 0.04, 0.20 +/- 0.05 and 0.20 +/- 0.05, respectively. Thus, the bicarbonate-dependent reabsorption system does not discriminate between these anions. Ethacrynic acid reduced fractional reabsorption of SCN, Br and Cl by 0.28 +/- 0.05, 0.24 +/- 0.03, 0.22 +/- 0.03 in one group, by 0.32 /+- 0.04, 0.34 +/- 0.03, 0.31 +/- 0.04 in another group, with significantly smaller reductions for I, 0.07 +/- 0.03, in both groups. Ouabain reduced fractional reabsorption of Br, Cl and I by 0.48 +/- 0.04, 0.46 +/- 0.04 and 0.24 +/- 0.03, respectively. Thus, anion permeability or transport affinity for bromide, chloride and iodide are equal both for inter- and transcellular transport, while iodide transport is slow along the transcellular route. No specific transport mechanism for chloride was detected.
Design of RCD Active Gate Control Circuit for Series Connected IGBTs (2013)

The RCD active gate control circuit for series connected IGBTs is researched in order to balance the IGBT’s collector-emitter voltage dynamically.The principle of the RCD active gate control circuit and parameters selection guide of the circuit elements is introduced.The function of each element is analyzed with the help of equivalent circuit under different switch states of IGBT,and the design method of RCD active gate control circuit is proposed to meet the voltage balancing requirement.The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by an experimental system,and the results show that voltage balancing is well achieved whether gate signal of IGBTs in a series stack is synchronous or not.
Organizational Values, Work‐Family Issues and the ‘Bottom line’ (1997)

Organizations in the '90s are struggling to remain competitive in the face of increasing local and global challenges coupled with profound changes in the demographic make up of their workforces. Organizations have restructured and become leaner, often resulting in heavier workloads and longer hours for professional and managerial staff (Schor, 1991). Firms also face increased pressure to deliver higher quality and more innovative products and services. Adding to these demands is the need to achieve these performance objectives with an increasingly diverse workforce. There continues to be a dramatic increase in numbers of non‐traditional employees (women, ethnic and racial minorities) in the workplace. More employees are part of dual‐ career or dual‐income couples; more have children requiring particular childcare arrangements since both parents are now working. As a consequence, work‐family issues have emerged as a high priority concern for both employees and their organizations (Catalyst, 1993).
High plasma hemopexin activity is an independent risk factor for late graft failure in renal transplant recipients (2010)

Chronic low-grade inflammation is involved in late renal transplant dysfunction. Recent studies suggest a role for hemopexin, an acute phase protein, in kidney damage. We investigated whether hemopexin activity (Hx) predicts graft failure in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). In 557 RTRs with functioning grafts for >or=1 year, Hx was measured in citrate-plasma. RTRs were divided according to Hx into two groups; A: sextile 1-5 (464 RTRs, 83%) and B: sextile 6 (92 RTRs, 17%). Hx [median (IQR) 11.1 (3.3-19.1) arbitrary units] was measured at 6.0 (2.6-11.5) years post-transplant. RTRs with high Hx (group B) had significantly higher urinary protein excretion (UP) and diastolic blood pressure than group A, despite significantly more prevalent use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. After follow-up [4.6 (3.8-5.2) years], incidence of graft failure in group A was 25 (5%) and in group B 14 (15%,P = 0.0009) After adjustment for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), UP and other potential confounders, Hx remained an independent predictor of graft failure [HR = 2.5 (95% CI 1.2-5.3), P = 0.01]. In conclusion, elevated Hx predicts late graft failure in RTRs, independent of hsCRP and UP. This suggests that Hx measurement, next to measurement of creatinine clearance and UP, could be of value for the identification of RTRs at risk for graft failure.
Niaziminin, a Thiocarbamate from the Leaves ofMoringa oleifera, Holds a Strict Structural Requirement for Inhibition of Tumor-Promoter-Induced Epstein-Barr Virus Activation (1998)

Three known thiocarbamate (TC)- and isothiocyanate (ITC)-related compounds have been isolated from the leaves of Moringa oleifera, a traditional herb in southeast Asia, as inhibitors of tumor promoter teleocidin B-4-induced Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activation in Raji cells. Interestingly, only niaziminin among 10 TCs including 8 synthetic ones showed considerable inhibition against EBV activation. The structure-activity relationships indicated that the presence of an acetoxy group at the 4'-position of niaziminin is important and indispensable for inhibition. On the other hand, among the ITC-related compounds, naturally occurring 4-[(4'-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]ITC and commercially available allyl- and benzyl-ITC significantly inhibited activation, suggesting that the isothiocyano group is a critical structural factor for activity.
First-principles calculations for charged states of hydrogen atoms inSiO2 (1997)

Charged states of H atoms in defect-free ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ have been proposed from first-principles total-energy band-structure calculations within a framework of the local-density approximation. The polarities of the charged states are determined depending on the position of the Fermi level. A positively charged state forms an Si-(${\mathrm{OH}}^{+}$)-Si complex, while a negatively charged state forms an Si-${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ bond. Calculated vibrational frequencies of newly formed O-${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ and Si-${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ bonds for each charge state are found to be lower than those for neutral O-H and Si-H bonds, so the H-originated charge traps are expected to be distinguishable by either Raman or infrared spectroscopies.
Studies on the Centrosome and Cytoplasmic Organization in the Early Drosophila Embryo (1991)

The cytoskeleton plays a central role in such diverse cellular processes as cell division, chromosome segregation, neurite outgrowth, cell motility, and the generation of cytoplasmic order and cell shape. The study of microtubule and actin filament networks is still in its infancy. The molecular mechanisms that lead to the assembly of complex cellular structures like a cleavage furrow or a mitotic spindle remain largely unknown, and the elucidation of such mechanisms represents a major challenge in understanding cellular form and function.
The UNDIP-UCSC campaign to culture chemically prolific gram-negative bacteria from Indonesian Jaspis sponges (2018)

Indonesian marine sponges, especially Jaspis cf. coriacea and Jaspis splendens are sources for families of natural products known as the bengamides and jasplakinolides, respectively. Recent research suggests that the biosynthetic origins of these pharmaceutically important compounds may not be the sponges themselves but associated Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore samples of J. cf. coriacea and J. splendens were collected to culture the bacteria responsible for such compounds. Metabolomic analysis was performed on each of the sponges collected to ensure that the bengamides and jasplakinolides were present; therefore ensuring that the biosynthetic machinery required to produce these compounds was intact in the samples. After which Gramnegative bacteria were cultured from the Jaspis sponge samples and a total of 43 unique isolates were obtained spanning 21 taxonomic genera and three taxonomic classes.
Expression Profiling of Cucumis sativus in Response to Infection by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (2012)

The oomycete pathogen, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is the causal agent of downy mildew on cucurbits, and at present, no effective resistance to this pathogen is available in cultivated cucumber (Cucumis sativus). To better understand the host response to a virulent pathogen, we performed expression profiling throughout a time course of a compatible interaction using whole transcriptome sequencing. As described herein, we were able to detect the expression of 15,286 cucumber genes, of which 14,476 were expressed throughout the infection process from 1 day post-inoculation (dpi) to 8 dpi. A large number of genes, 1,612 to 3,286, were differentially expressed in pair-wise comparisons between time points. We observed the rapid induction of key defense related genes, including catalases, chitinases, lipoxygenases, peroxidases, and protease inhibitors within 1 dpi, suggesting detection of the pathogen by the host. Co-expression network analyses revealed transcriptional networks with distinct patterns of expression including down-regulation at 2 dpi of known defense response genes suggesting coordinated suppression of host responses by the pathogen. Comparative analyses of cucumber gene expression patterns with that of orthologous Arabidopsis thaliana genes following challenge with Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis revealed correlated expression patterns of single copy orthologs suggesting that these two dicot hosts have similar transcriptional responses to related pathogens. In total, the work described herein presents an in-depth analysis of the interplay between host susceptibility and pathogen virulence in an agriculturally important pathosystem.
Binding browsing and reading activities in a 3D digital library (2002)

Browsing through digitalized books collections and reading activities are separated in most present WWW-based user's interfaces of digital libraries. This context break induces longer apprenticeship and navigation time within the interface. We study in this paper how 3D interaction metaphors provide a continuous navigation space for these two tasks.
Steady-State, Hemoglobin-Facilitated O2 Transport in Human Erythrocytes (1969)

We measured the rate of oxygen transport through thin (165 µ) films of packed erythrocytes (Hb concentration = 30 g/100 ml). Under optimal conditions steady-state O2 diffusion was nearly three times that found when the hemoglobin was prevented from acting as a carrier molecule by carbon monoxide binding or high oxygen back pressure. After each experiment we measured hemolysis and found that it averaged less than 1%. Hemolysis could not account for the facilitation, thus proving that facilitated transport of O2 by hemoglobin can occur in red blood cells. The rate of facilitated transport was identical for Hb solutions of equal concentration to the cells. We interpret this to mean that under the conditions of our experiments the red cell membrane offers no detectable diffusion resistance to O2 and that the mobility of Hb in intact red cells is the same as in concentrated Hb solution.
Estimation (1998)

This Chapter describes some of the statistical methods for developing point and interval estimators. Most statistical problems encountered by behavioral ecologists can be solved without the use of these methods so readers who prefer to avoid mathematical discussions may skip this Chapter without compromising their ability to understand the rest of the book. On the other hand, the material may be useful in several ways. First, we believe that study of the methods in this Chapter will increase the reader's understanding of the rationale of statistical analysis. Second, behavioral ecologists do encounter problems frequently that cannot be solved with ‘off the shelf’ methods. The material in this Chapter, once understood, will permit behavioral ecologists to solve many of these problems. Third, in other cases, consultation with a statistician is recommended but readers who have studied this Chapter will be able to ask more relevant questions and may be able to carry out a first attempt on the analysis which the statistician can then review. Finally, many behavioral ecologists are interested in how estimators are derived even if they just use the results. This Chapter will help satisfy the curiosity of these readers.
Molecular catalysis at polarized interfaces created by ferroelectric BaTiO3 (2017)

The local environment at polarized solid-liquid interfaces provides a unique medium for chemical reactions that could be exploited to control the selectivity of non-faradaic reactions. Polarized interfaces are commonly prepared by applying a voltage to an electrode in an electrolyte solution, but it is challenging to achieve high surface charge densities while suppressing faradaic reactions. Ferroelectric materials have permanent surface charge densities that arise from the dipole moments of ferroelectric domains and can be used to create polarized solid-liquid interfaces without applying a voltage. We studied the effects of ferroelectric oxides on the selectivity of a Rh porphyrin-catalyzed carbene rearrangement. The addition of ferroelectric BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles to the reaction solution changed the product ratio in the same direction and by a similar magnitude as performing the reaction at an electrode-electrolyte interface polarized by a voltage. The results demonstrate that colloidal suspensions of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles act as a dispersible polarized interface that can influence the selectivity of non-faradaic reactions.
Left Atrial Appendage Ligation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Leads to a Decrease in Atrial Dispersion (2015)

LAA exclusion produces consistent P-wave changes consistent with decreased atrial mass and decreased atrial dispersion that may represent reverse electrical atrial remodeling. This is a potential mechanism to explain the role of LAA ligation in maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with AF.
The 4th nation‐wide study of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in Japan: Estimates of risk of ATL and its geographical and clinical features (1990)

To estimate the annual incidence of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) by district in Japan, a large-scale nationwide survey of ATL and of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was performed in 1988. Questionnaires for the registration of ATL and of T-cell and non-T-cell lymphoma were distributed to the physicians in charge of this survey in 1,287 hospitals with 200 or more beds throughout Japan. From the positive rate of anti-HTLV-I antibody in adults, the annual incidence of ATL was estimated at 697, independently of the present survey. In fact, 657 cases (47% of the estimated number), newly diagnosed during the 2 years January 1986 to December 1987, were registered from 191 general hospitals throughout Japan. Major results obtained from the present survey are as follows: (1) among all ATL cases registered, 51% were from Kyushu and 29% were from metropolitan areas (Kanto, Chubu and Kinki) and most, but not all, patients with ATL in the metropolitan areas had come from the ATL-endemic areas and settled in the metropolitan areas; (2) the estimated annual incidence rates of ATL per million adults were 40.4 in males and 26.4 in females in Kyushu, the overall risk of ATL being 1.5 times as high in males as in females; (3) the age-specific incidence rate in Kyushu increased steeply with age until the age of 70, and then decreased markedly in both sexes; (4) the ratio of T-cell versus non-T-cell lymphomas was 2.9 in Kyushu but 0.5 in other districts of Japan, however, this difference regressed to the average for the whole of Japan if ATL cases were excluded; (5) 26.5% of patients with ATL had a family history of cancer, and among these, 14 (8.2%) were ATL, 21 (12.2%) were lymphoma and 17 (9.9%) were hematopoietic malignancies, the incidence of which was markedly higher than in the general population; (6) with regard to clinicopathological features of ATL, there were more advanced cases in south Kyushu than in other districts, however, these differences were not statistically significant. To clarify the chronological changes and geographical variations in the annual incidence of ATL in Japan, continuous systematic nationwide surveillance is necessary and further nation-wide studies are being prepared.
Digital computer based data acquisition and control software packages (2002)

The hardware and software characteristics of current-generation digital data acquisition and control packages are presented. The history of digital-computer-based control from the IBM 1710 and GE PAC 4060 is reviewed, and the increasingly unique nature of the associated hardware platforms is noted. In recent years, this hardware evolution has been reversed as the general-purpose super microcomputer adapts to the special needs of data acquisition and control applications with speeds exceeding 6 MIPS. The hardware organization of modern super microcomputers is presented, along with performance benchmarks. Operating systems for such machines are discussed, and a number of poplar data acquisition and control packages for microcomputers are detailed. It is concluded that the variety and diversity of data acquisition and control software will continue to grow, while an increasing proportion of such programs will be designed for the POSIX ('Unix') environment. Standardization of POSIX will likely lead to the standardization of more specific, real-time operating systems to host another generation of data acquisition and control packages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Evidence of mast cell activation and leukotriene release after mannitol inhalation (2003)

The aim of this study was to investigate if mannitol inhalation, as a model of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), causes mast cell activation and release of mediators of bronchoconstriction. Urinary excretion of previously identified mediators of EIB was investigated in association with mannitol-induced bronchoconstriction. Twelve asthmatic and nine nonasthmatic subjects inhaled mannitol and urine was collected 60 min before and for 90 min after challenge. The urinary concentrations of leukotriene (LT)E4, the prostaglandin (PG)D2 metabolite and the mast cell marker 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 were measured by enzyme immunoassay. N(tau)-methylhistamine was measured by radioimmunoassay. In asthmatic subjects, inhalation of a mean+/-SEM dose of 272+/-56 mg mannitol induced a reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 34.5+/-2.1%. This was associated with increases in urinary 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 (91.9+/-8.2 versus 66.9+/-6.6 ng x mmol creatinine(-1), peak versus baseline) and LTE4 (51.3+/-7.5 versus 32.9+/-4.7). In nonasthmatic subjects, the reduction in FEV1 was 1.0+/-0.5% after inhaling 635 mg of mannitol. Although smaller than in the asthmatics, significant increases of urinary 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 (68.4+/-6.9 versus 56.0+/-5.8 ng x mmol creatinine(-1)) and LTE4 (58.5+/-5.3 versus 43.0+/-3.3 ng x mmol creatinine(-1)) were observed in the nonasthmatic subjects. There was also a small increase in urinary excretion of N(tau)-methylhistamine in the nonasthmatics, but not in the asthmatics. The increased urinary levels of 9alpha,11beta-prostaglandin F2 support mast cell activation with release of mediators following inhalation of mannitol. Increased bronchial responsiveness to the released mediators could explain the exclusive bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects.