gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmodium vivax Cell-Traversal Protein for Ookinetes and Sporozoites: Naturally Acquired Humoral Immune Response and B-Cell Epitope Mapping in Brazilian Amazon Inhabitants (2017)

The cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS), a highly conserved antigen involved in sporozoite motility, plays an important role in the traversal of host cells during the preerythrocytic stage of <i>Plasmodium</i> species. Recently, it has been considered an alternative target when designing novel antimalarial vaccines against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>. However, the potential of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> CelTOS as a vaccine target is yet to be explored. This study evaluated the naturally acquired immune response against a recombinant <i>P. vivax</i> CelTOS (PvCelTOS) (IgG and IgG subclass) in 528 individuals from Brazilian Amazon, as well as the screening of B-cell epitopes <i>in silico</i> and peptide assays to associate the breadth of antibody responses of those individuals with exposition and/or protection correlates. We show that PvCelTOS is naturally immunogenic in Amazon inhabitants with 94 individuals (17.8%) showing specific IgG antibodies against the recombinant protein. Among responders, the IgG reactivity indexes (RIs) presented a direct correlation with the number of previous malaria episodes (<i>p</i> = 0.003; <i>r</i> = 0.315) and inverse correlation with the time elapsed from the last malaria episode (<i>p</i> = 0.031; <i>r</i> = -0.258). Interestingly, high responders to PvCelTOS (RI > 2) presented higher number of previous malaria episodes, frequency of recent malaria episodes, and ratio of cytophilic/non-cytophilic antibodies than low responders (RI < 2) and non-responders (RI < 1). Moreover, a high prevalence of the cytophilic antibody IgG1 over all other IgG subclasses (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) was observed. B-cell epitope mapping revealed five immunogenic regions in PvCelTOS, but no associations between the specific IgG response to peptides and exposure/protection parameters were found. However, the epitope (PvCelTOS<sub>I136-E143</sub>) was validated as a main linear B-cell epitope, as 92% of IgG responders to PvCelTOS were also responders to this peptide sequence. This study describes for the first time the natural immunogenicity of PvCelTOS in Amazon individuals and identifies immunogenic regions in a full-length protein. The IgG magnitude was mainly composed of cytophilic antibodies (IgG1) and associated with recent malaria episodes. The data presented in this paper add further evidence to consider PvCelTOS as a vaccine candidate.
Gold-Catalyzed Solid-Phase Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrazin-2(1H)-ones: Relevant Pharmacophores and Peptide Backbone Constraints (2017)

Here, we report the efficient solid-phase synthesis of N-propargyl peptides using Fmoc-amino acids and propargyl alcohol as key building blocks. Gold-catalyzed nucleophilic addition to the triple bond induced C-N bond formation, which triggered intramolecular cyclization, yielding 1,3,4-trisubstituted-5-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrazin-2(1H)-ones. Conformations of acyclic and constrained peptides were compared using a two-step conformer distribution analysis at the molecular mechanics level and density functional theory. The results indicated that the incorporation of heterocyclic molecular scaffold into a short peptide sequence adopted extended conformation of peptide chain. The amide bond adjacent to the constraint did not show significant preference for either cis or trans isomerism. Prepared model compounds demonstrate a proof of concept for gold-catalyzed polymer-supported synthesis of variously substituted 3,4-dihydropyrazin-2(1H)-ones for applications in drug discovery and peptide backbone constraints.
Sharpening Up on Angles (1998)

Some of the complexities of learning about angles are uncovered during research with children in New South Wales. Mostly angles cause difficulties in secondary school when they occur in a wide variety of physical contexts but if the syllabus definition of angle is appropriate, children should be able to apply it to all angle situations.
Low Testosterone Level Is an Independent Determinant of Endothelial Dysfunction in Men (2007)

We investigated whether a low plasma testosterone level is related to endothelial dysfunction in men with coronary risk factors. One hundred and eighty-seven consecutive male outpatients (mean age+/-SD: 47+/-15 years) who underwent measurement of flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery using ultrasonography were enrolled. The relationship between plasma hormones and FMD was analyzed. Total and free testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) were significantly correlated with %FMD (r=0.261, 0.354 and 0.295, respectively; p<0.001), while estradiol and cortisol were not. %FMD in the highest quartile of free testosterone was 1.7-fold higher than that in the lowest quartile. Multiple regression analysis revealed that total and free testosterone were related to %FMD independent of age, body mass index, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking (beta=0.198 and 0.247, respectively; p<0.01), and were independent of age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, smoking and nitroglycerin-induced dilation (beta=0.196 and 0.227, respectively; p<0.01). DHEA-S was not significantly related to %FMD in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, a low plasma testosterone level was associated with endothelial dysfunction in men independent of other risk factors, suggesting a protective effect of endogenous testosterone on the endothelium.
Site Mapping and Characterization of O-Glycan Structures on α-Dystroglycan Isolated from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle (2010)

The main extracellular matrix binding component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG), which was originally isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle, is an extensively O-glycosylated protein. Previous studies have shown alpha-DG to be modified by both O-GalNAc- and O-mannose-initiated glycan structures. O-Mannosylation, which accounts for up to 30% of the reported O-linked structures in certain tissues, has been rarely observed on mammalian proteins. Mutations in multiple genes encoding defined or putative glycosyltransferases involved in O-mannosylation are causal for various forms of congenital muscular dystrophy. Here, we explore the glycosylation of purified rabbit skeletal muscle alpha-DG in detail. Using tandem mass spectrometry approaches, we identify 4 O-mannose-initiated and 17 O-GalNAc-initiated structures on alpha-DG isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. Additionally, we demonstrate the use of tandem mass spectrometry-based workflows to directly analyze glycopeptides generated from the purified protein. By combining glycomics and tandem mass spectrometry analysis of 91 glycopeptides from alpha-DG, we were able to assign 21 different residues as being modified by O-glycosylation with differing degrees of microheterogeneity; 9 sites of O-mannosylation and 14 sites of O-GalNAcylation were observed with only two sites definitively exhibiting occupancy by either type of glycan. The distribution of identified sites of O-mannosylation suggests a limited role for local primary sequence in dictating sites of attachment.
Time‐dependent inactivation of immobilized glucose oxidase and catalase (1987)

Abstract Homogeneous membranes containing immobilized glucose oxidase and catalase were stored in buffered solutions at 37°C to determine the mechanisms and rates of catalyst inactivation. The experiments were designed so that inactivation occurred homogeneously throughout the membrane, thereby simplifying the analysis. The mechanism of inactivation is consistent with the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and certain catalytic intermediates of both enzymes. Based on this information, numerical simulations were developed that incorporate spatially heterogeneous catalytic and inactivation processes.
Expression of two recombinant chloramphenicol acetyltransferase variants in highly reduced genome Escherichia coli strains (2007)

Highly reduced E. coli strains, MDS40, MDS41, and MDS42, lacking approximately 15% of the genome, were grown to high cell densities to test their ability to produce a recombinant protein with high yields. These strains lack all transposons and insertion sequences, cryptic prophage and many genes of unknown function. In addition to improving genetic stability, these deletions may reduce the biosynthetic requirements of the cell potentially allowing more efficient production of recombinant protein. Basic growth parameters and the ability of the strains to produce chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) under high cell density, batch cultivation were assessed. Although growth rate and recombinant protein production of the reduced genome strains are comparable to the parental MG1655 strain, the reduced genome strains were found to accumulate significant amounts of acetate in the medium at the expense of additional biomass. A number of hypotheses were examined to explain the accumulation of acetate, including oxygen limitation, carbon flux imbalance, and metabolic activity of the recombinant protein. Use of a non-catalytic CAT variant identified the recombinant protein activity as the source of this phenomenon; implications for the metabolic efficiency of the reduced genome strains are discussed.
Aneurysms of the ophthalmic (C6) segment of the internal carotid artery: treatment options and strategies based on a clinical series. (2004)

Direct obliteration of the aneurysm utilizing advanced surgical techniques is our preferred treatment approach, whenever possible. In case of unclippable large or giant aneurysms, the surgical or endovascular occlusion of the proximal internal carotid artery with or without an extracranial-intracranial by-pass is an option. A highly skilled team including a cerebrovascular and an endovascular surgeon is essential to achieve good outcomes in treating these lesions.
Surrounding gate MOSFETs S/D design for 28 nm technology (2009)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles over the central Arctic Ocean during summer (2001)

The hygroscopic properties of submicrometer aerosol particles in the Arctic summer marine boundary layer (MBL) were observed on board the icebreaker Oden during the Arctic Ocean Expedition 1996 (AOE‐96). The measurements were performed between July 15 and August 25 1996 and covered the region between longitudes 16°‐147°E and latitudes 70°‐87.5°N, mostly over melting pack ice. The hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer (H‐TDMA) was used to determine the hygroscopic diameter growth of aerosol particles at four dry diameters (15, 35, 50, and 165 nm) and three relative humidities (50%, 70%, and 90% RH). The hygroscopic behavior of the aerosol particles over the pack ice showed large temporal variations, in contrast to previous observations in marine boundary layers over warmer oceans. These variations were mostly due to the high degree of vertical atmospheric stratification often observed over the pack ice. However, when comparing the average diameter growth factors of the more hygroscopic particle group, representing an aged aerosol with growth factors between 1.4–1.9 at 90% RH and present in 81–86% of all cases, the agreement between the measurements over the Arctic and the warmer oceans was very good and depended on the average wind speed. The average diameter growth factors of the more hygroscopic particles as a function of relative humidity were modeled empirically by power law expressions. The concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) estimated from aerosol number size distribution and hygroscopic growth data correlated well with direct measurements but overpredicted the CCN concentrations by about 30%. In 43 cases when the sampled air mass had undergone processing in Arctic Ocean MBL clouds, the minimum CCN diameter was estimated to be 76±15 nm, corresponding to effective water vapor supersaturations of 0.28±0.08%.
Multiple myeloma risk variant at 7p15.3 creates an IRF4-binding site and interferes with CDCA7L expression (2016)

Genome-wide association studies have identified several risk loci for multiple myeloma (MM); however, the mechanisms by which they influence MM are unknown. Here by using genetic association data and functional characterization, we demonstrate that rs4487645 G>T, the most highly associated variant (P = 5.30 × 10<sup>-25</sup>), resides in an enhancer element 47 kb upstream of the transcription start site of c-Myc-interacting CDCA7L. The G-risk allele, associated with increased CDCA7L expression (P=1.95 × 10<sup>-36</sup>), increases IRF4 binding and the enhancer interacts with the CDCA7L promoter. We show that suppression of CDCA7L limits MM proliferation through apoptosis, and increased CDCA7L expression is associated with adverse patient survival. These findings implicate IRF4-mediated CDCA7L expression in MM biology and indicate how germline variation might confer susceptibility to MM.
Catalytic synthesis of acetals and ketals with H3PW12O40PAn (2008)

A new environmental friendly catalyst H3PW12O40/PAn was prepared and identified by means of FT-IR, XRD, and TG/DTA. The optimum conditions have been found; that is, the mass ratio of PAn to H3PW12O40 is 1:1.5, the volume of methanol is 20 mL, and the reflux reaction time is 3 h. The structural identity of Keggin units is preserved after the incorporation into polyaniline matrix. Catalytic activities of H3PW12O40/PAn in synthesizing 2-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane,2,4-dirnethyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane, cyclohexanone ethylene ketal, cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal, butanone ethylene ketal, butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal, 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane, and 4-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane were reported. It has been demonstrated that H3PW12O40/PAn is an excellent catalyst. Various factors concerned in these reactions were investigated. The optimum conditions are as follows: the molar ratio of aldehyde/ketone to glycol (r) is 1:1.5, the mass ratio of the catalyst used to the reactants is 0.6%, and the reaction time is 1.0 h. Under these conditions, the yield is as follows: 2-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 69.0%; 2,4-dimethyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 79.5%; cyclohexanone ethylene ketal, 78.9%; cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal, 85.3%; butanone ethylene ketal, 56.9%; butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal, 78.1%; 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane, 76.3%; 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane, 94.2%; 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane, 70.7%; and 4-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane, 79.2%.
<i>Foxf1</i> is a crucial factor for ureter development. (2017)

&lt;p&gt;(A-H) Histological and molecular analysis of E14.5 control and &lt;i&gt;Tbx18&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;cre/+&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;;&lt;i&gt;Hprt&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;Foxf1DN/y&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Foxf1DN&lt;/i&gt;) ureters after 6 d of culture. (A,B) Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) stainings and (C-H) analysis of cytodifferentiation by immunofluorescence for ACTA2/CDH1 (C,D), TAGLN (E,F) and ΔNP63/UPK1B (G,H) on proximal ureter sections. (I-Q) Histological, cellular and molecular analysis of control and &lt;i&gt;Tbx18&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;cre/+&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;;&lt;i&gt;Hprt&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;Foxf1DN/y&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Foxf1DN&lt;/i&gt;) ureters at E12.5 and E14.5. (I) Hematoxylin and Eosin staining on transverse sections of the proximal ureter at E12.5 and E14.5. (J-N) RNA &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; hybridization analysis for &lt;i&gt;Ptch1&lt;/i&gt; (J), &lt;i&gt;Bmp4&lt;/i&gt; (K), &lt;i&gt;Myocd&lt;/i&gt; (L), &lt;i&gt;Myh11&lt;/i&gt; (M) and &lt;i&gt;Tagln&lt;/i&gt; (N) expression on transverse sections of the proximal ureter at E12.5 and E14.5. (O-Q) Analysis of cell death by the TUNEL assay (O), and of cellular proliferation by the BrdU incorporation assay (P) on transverse sections of the proximal ureter at E12.5 and E14.5. Black circles in H mark the epithelium (UE) and the inner (IM) and outer (OM) mesenchymal compartments of the ureter for which proliferation was quantified. (Q) Quantification of BrdU-positive cells. E12.5 (n = 3), wildtype versus mutant: IM, 0.329±0.007 vs 0.276±0.011, P = 0.002; OM, 0.216±0.015 vs 0.234±0.019, P = 0.310; UE, 0.412±0.016 vs 0.311±0.026, P = 0.004. E14.5 (n = 3), wildtype versus mutant: IM, 0.199±0.013 vs 0.216±0.003, P = 0.153; OM, 0.209±0.005 vs 0.197±0.013, P = 0.288; UE, 0.225±0.014 vs 0.256±0.020, P = 0.144. Values are displayed as mean ± sd. **, P≤0.01; two-tailed Student’s t-test.&lt;/p&gt;
THE ELECTROSEISMIC EFFECT (1959)

Abstract The electroseismic effect manifests itself as an electrical potential generated in the subsurface by the passage of seismic waves. It can be detected at the surface of the ground with electrode pairs. The time of occurrence of the voltage clearly distinguishes the effect from either the ionization potential produced at the time of explosion or the seismic electric effect produced coincident with the arrival of seismic waves at the surface of the ground. Evidence is presented which associates the electroseismic effect with the base of the weathered layer and demonstrates its characteristics in several areas and at various distances from the shotpoint. Its immediate utility appears to be that of determining the travel time through the weathered layer at the shotpoint.
Understanding the impact of crosslinked PCL/PEG/GelMA electrospun nanofibers on bactericidal activity (2018)

Abstract Herein, we report the design of electrospun ultrathin fibers based on polycaprolactone (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), and their potential bactericidal activity against three different bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We evaluated the morphology, chemical structure and wettability before and after UV photocrosslinking of the produced scaffolds. Results showed that the developed scaffolds presented hydrophilic properties after PEG and GelMA incorporation. Our developed scaffolds were thus able to significantly reduce gram-positive, negative, and MRSA bacteria. Furthermore, we performed a series of study for better mechanistic understanding of the scaffolds bactericidal activity through protein adsorption study and analysis of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In summary, we have demonstrated the design and generation of electrospun fibers with improved hydrophilicity and efficient bactericidal activity without the association of any antibiotics.
Physical Association of KAB1 with Plant K + Channel a Subunits (1996)

K+ channel proteins contain four a subunits that align along a central axis perpendicular to membranes and form an ion-conducting pore. Recent work with K+ channels native to animal membranes has shown that at least some members of this protein family also have four p subunits. These structural components of the holoenzyme each form tight associations with the cytoplasmic portion of an a subunit. We have cloned an Arabidopsis cDNA (KAB1) that encodes a polypeptide sharing 49% amino acid identity with animal K+ channel p subunits. In this study, we provide experimental evidence that the KABl polypeptide forms a tight physical association with the Arabidopsis K+ channel a subunit, KAT1. An affinity-purified KABl fusion protein was immobilized to a support resin and shown to sequester selectively the KATl polypeptide. In addition, polyclonal antibodies raised against KABl were shown to immunoprecipitate the KATl polypeptide as a KAT1-KAB1 protein complex. lmmunoblot analysis demonstrated that KABl is expressed in Arabidopsis seedlings and is present in both membrane and soluble protein fractions. The presence of KABl (a soluble polypeptide) in both soluble and membrane protein fractions suggests that a portion of the total amount of native KABl is associated with an integral membrane protein, such as KAT1. The presence of KABl in crude protein fractions prepared from different Arabidopsis plant organs was evaluated. High levels of KABl protein were present in flowers, roots, and leaves. lmmunoblot analysis of protein extracts prepared from broad bean leaves indicated that the KABl expression leve1 was 80-fold greater in guard cells than in mesophyll cells. Previous studies of the in situ transcription pattern of KATl in Arabidopsis indicated that this a subunit is abundantly present in leaves and, within the leaf, exclusively present in guard cells. Thus, KABl was determined to be expressed in plant organs (leaves) and cell types (guard cells) that are sites of KATl expression in the plant. The in situ expression pattern of KABl suggests that it may associate with more than one type of K+ channel a subunit. Sequence analysis indicates that KABl may function in plant K+ channels as an oxidoreductase. It is postulated that p subunits native to animal K+ channels act as regulatory subunits through pyridine nucleotide-linked reduction of a polypeptides. Although the KABl primary structure is substantially different from that of animal p subunits, amino acid motifs critical for this catalytic activity are retained in the plant p subunit.
TRPA1 Modulating C14 Polyacetylenes from the Iranian Endemic Plant Echinophora platyloba (2018)

Phytochemical investigation of the apolar extract obtained from aerial parts of the Iranian endemic plant <i>Echinophora platyloba</i> DC (Apiaceae) resulted in the characterization of the polyacetylene fraction of this plant. This resulted to be composed of the known echinophorins A and B, embedding the very rare α-pyrone terminal, and of the new echinophorin D (<b>3</b>), including also three conjugated triple bonds. The chemical structures of these compounds were secured by detailed inspection of MS and 1D/2D NMR spectra. The isolated polyacteylenes were evaluated for their modulation of six thermo-TRP channels and they revealed a selective activity on TRPA1, an ion channel involved in the mediation of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. This is the first report on the activity of plant polyacetylenes on transient receptor potential (TRP) channels.
Core–Shell Nanostructured Cobalt–Platinum Electrocatalysts with Enhanced Durability (2017)

Pt-bimetallic alloys involving 3d transition metals (Co, Ni, etc.) are promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Despite the enhanced catalytic activity versus Pt, the electrocatalytic performance of Pt-bimetallic catalysts is however limited by the lack of long-term durability, primarily due to the leaching of the non-noble element under harsh electrochemical conditions. Our study shows that the core–shell nanostructure comprising a Pt shell and a cobalt core (denoted as Co@Pt) could overcome this limitation, demonstrating ∼10 times improvement in catalytic activity versus commercial Pt catalysts and no more than 13% of loss after 30000 potential cycles. The evolutions of nanoscale and surface structures over the course of extensive potential cycling were followed by combining electron microscopic elemental mapping and electrochemical studies of CO stripping. Atomistic simulations and density functional theory calculations suggest that the core–shell nanostructure could protect the non-noble cobalt from leaching under the “electrochemical annealing” conditions while maintaining the beneficial mechanisms of bimetallic systems for catalytic activity enhancement.