gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary multiobjective optimization for green clouds (2012)

As Internet data centers (IDCs) have been increasing in scale and complexity, they are currently a significant source of energy consumption and CO2 emission. This paper proposes and evaluates a new framework to operate a federation of IDCs in a "green" way. The proposed framework, called Green Monster, dynamically moves services (i.e., workload) across IDCs for increasing renewable energy consumption while maintaining their performance. It makes decisions of service migration and placement with an evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithm (EMOA) that evolves a set of solution candidates through global and local search processes. The proposed EMOA seeks the Pareto-optimal solutions by balancing the trade-offs among conflicting optimization objectives such as renewable energy consumption, cooling energy consumption and response time performance.
Bayesian network, and probabilistic ontology driven trust model for SLA management of Cloud services (2014)

To provide on-demand Cloud services, Cloud providers and customers are used to sign Service Level Agreement (SLA), which is an agreement on the level of service provided and its associated cost. Unfortunately, SLA is not as dynamic as the Cloud and the criteria on which a customer relies to select a provider can be of problematic nature. The provider must optimize its resources although he cannot predict the customer behavior that can make varying requests. This can have a direct impact on the availability of resources and thus may lead to SLA violations. To cope with this issue, we propose a framework that allows the customer to choose a trusted provider based on its reputation calculated using a Bayesian network and continuously updated via a Cloud directory. Moreover, we propose a smart and dynamic SLA scheme that uses a probabilistic ontology capable of detecting potential violations of contract parameters; in addition, it alerts the service provider about these violations. To evaluate our model we used data extracted from Amazon Web Service Elastic Cloud Compute and Google Compute Engine SLAs to simulate our proposal's environment. The results of our experiments show the effectiveness of probabilistic ontology for predicting SLA violation throughout some SLA parameters applied in Cloud environment.
Barrenberry Control in Lowbush Blueberry Fields through Selective Application of 2,4-D and Glyphosate1 (1979)

Abstract Effects of selective contact application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or N-phosphonomethylglycine (glyphosate) on a mixed stand of blueberry ( Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) and barrenberry ( Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell.) were studied using a selective herbicide applicator. The greater height of barrenberry in its second year of growth provided the selectivity. Herbicide application on the burn year reduced both blueberry and barrenberry plant stands. Selective application of glyphosate or 2,4-D reduced the number of barrenberry plants without seriously affecting blueberry plant stem length or fruit bud number when applied to crop year plants after harvest. Higher rates of herbicides resulted in a greater reduction in barrenberry plant stand. Glyphosate or 2,4-D provided adequate control of regrowth of black barrenberry plants in lowbush blueberry fields.
Fabrication of oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic clad fuel pins (1991)

A resistance butt welding procedure was developed and qualified for joining ferritic fuel pin cladding to end caps. The cladding are INCO MA957 and PNC ODS lots 63DSA and 1DK1, ferritic stainless steels strengthened by oxide dispersion, while the end caps are HT9 a martensitic stainless steel. With adequate parameter control the weld is formed without a residual melt phase and its strength approaches that of the cladding. This welding process required a new design for fuel pin end cap and weld joint. Summaries of the development, characterization, and fabrication processes are given for these fuel pins. 13 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.
High-power, 1-ps, all-Yb:YAG thin-disk regenerative amplifier (2016)

We report a 100 W, 20 mJ, 1-ps, all-Yb:YAG thin-disk regenerative amplifier seeded by a microjoule-level Yb:YAG thin-disk Kerr-lens mode-locked oscillator. The regenerative amplifier is implemented in a chirped pulse amplification system and operates at an ambient temperature in air, delivering ultrastable output pulses at a 5 kHz repetition rate and with a root mean square power noise value of less than 0.5%. Second harmonic generation of the amplifier's output in a 1.5 mm-thick BBO crystal results in more than 70 W at 515 nm, making the system an attractive source for pumping optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges.
Free Galactose Concentrations in Fresh and Stored Apples (Malus domestica) and Processed Apple Products (2004)

Gas chromatography was used to quantitate free galactose in Braeburn, Fuji, Red Delicious, and Spartan apples during cold storage, after thermal processing of apple slices and in juice produced using clarification and/or liquifaction enzymes. Spartan had significantly higher galactose levels as compared to Red Delicious apples, but changes in galactose in all varieties during 9 months of cold storage were insignificant. Blanching and canning decreased galactose levels, but doubling the thermal processing during canning increased the free galactose concentration detected in plant tissue. An enzymatic liquefaction aid used to prepare apple juice dramatically increased the free galactose content while a clarification aid caused only a slight increase due to its selective action on soluble pectin. These findings provide useful information for dietitians to base diet recommendations for galactosemic patients.
Sheath-lens probe for negative ion detection in reactive plasmas (2004)

A method that allows easy and inexpensive detection of negative ions is introduced. The method is based upon the electrostatic lens effect of the sheath layer evolving to a positively biased planar probe that focuses the negative charges to distinct regions on the surface. Trajectories of negative ions inside the sheath are obtained after computing the potential and electric field distribution by solving in three dimensions the nonlinear Poisson equation. The negative ions’ flux to square and disk probes is developed in Ar/SF6 and O2 plasmas. The method allows negative ion detection with sensitivity higher than that of Langmuir probes.
EFFECTS OF AMINES ON THE DIMERIZATION OF ISOPRENE CATALYZED BY BIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)NICKEL DICHLORIDE REDUCED BY SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE (1974)

Abstract Amines introduced into the dimerization of isoprene catalyzed by Ni(PPh3)2Cl2–NaBH4 gave significant effects on the catalytic activity and selectivity. Yield of linear dimers was 60% by n-propylamine, whereas it was only 3% by tert-butylamine. The formation of cyclo dimers was increased by pyridine and its derivatives.
New Colorimetric Reaction for End-Point, Continuous-Flow, and Kinetic Measurement of Urea (1975)

A reaction of urea, o-phthalaldehyde and N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine is described for measurement of urea by manual, continuous-flow, and kinetic methods. The continuous-flow system requires 25 mu-l of sample; 40 samples can be analyzed per hour. The kinetic method requires no enzymes, has no lag phase, and has good sensitivity. A major advantage of the reaction is that it occurs at a temperature of 37 degrees C or lower. The results obtained by all three methods agree well with those for a continuous-flow procedure in which diacetyl is a reagent.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Fate mapping of IL-17-producing T cells in inflammatory responses. (2011)

Here we describe a reporter mouse strain designed to map the fate of cells that have activated interleukin 17A (IL-17A). We found that IL-17-producing helper T cells (T(H)17 cells) had distinct plasticity in different inflammatory settings. Chronic inflammatory conditions in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) caused a switch to alternative cytokines in T(H)17 cells, whereas acute cutaneous infection with Candida albicans did not result in the deviation of T(H)17 cells to the production of alternative cytokines, although IL-17A production was shut off in the course of the infection. During the development of EAE, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and other proinflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord were produced almost exclusively by cells that had produced IL-17 before their conversion by IL-23 ('ex-T(H)17 cells'). Thus, this model allows the actual functional fate of effector T cells to be related to T(H)17 developmental origin regardless of IL-17 expression. PMID: 21278737 Funding information This work was supported by: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: MC_U117512792 European Research Council, International Grant ID: 232782 Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: MC_U117565359 Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: U117512792 Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: U117563359 Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: U.1175.02.003.00003(60535) More Less keyboard_arrow_down
GaN power devices for automotive applications (2013)

GaN is an attractive material for high performance power devices. Vertical GaN power devices are suitable for high current operation, on the other hand, lateral GaN power devices, namely GaN lateral HEMTs have both low on-resistance and low parasitic capacitance. In addition, the GaN lateral HEMTs can be fabricated on Si substrate. We can get low conduction loss and low switching loss devices with low cost. So the GaN lateral HEMTs are suitable for subsystems like an air conditioner and an electric power steering. Serious technical issues about GaN power devices are a normally-off operation, a current collapse, and a high quality gate insulator. Several normally-off operation techniques have been proposed but there is no decisive method. An NH<sub>3</sub> surface treatment and a SiO<sub>2</sub> passivation are useful to suppress the current collapse. An Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> deposited by ALD is excellent for gate insulator in breakdown and it has enough TDDB reliability under room temperature and 150&deg;C.
Instrumenting AUTOSAR for dependability assessment: A guidance framework (2012)

The AUTOSAR standard guides the development of component-based automotive software. As automotive software typically implements safety-critical functions, it needs to fulfill high dependability requirements, and the effort put into the quality assurance of these systems is correspondingly high. Testing, fault injection (FI), and other techniques are employed for the experimental dependability assessment of these increasingly software-intensive systems. Having flexible and automated support for instrumentation is key in making these assessment techniques efficient. However, providing a usable, customizable and performant instrumentation for AUTOSAR is non-trivial due to the varied abstractions and high complexity of these systems. This paper develops a dependability assessment guidance framework tailored towards AUTOSAR that helps identify the applicability and effectiveness of instrumentation techniques at (a) varied levels of software abstraction and granularity, (b) at varied software access levels - black-box, grey-box, white-box, and (c) the application of interface wrappers for conducting FI.
Microwave energy in food processing applications (1970)

Abstract The pertinent literature on microwave finish‐drying of potato chips, selection of proper microwave frequency, microwave freeze‐drying, economics of microwave processing, and microwave sterilization were reviewed. The field appears to be characterized by the absence of agreement among workers in the field with respect to the nature of microwave action on food materials and a relative paucity of dielectric data on which to base meaningful decisions. In spite of these shortcomings, significant progress has been made in a few processing areas, and the potential exists for even greater progress in the future.
Coherence Multiplexing System Based on Asymmetric Mach–Zehnder Interferometers for Faraday Sensors (2007)

An optical coherence multiplexing system for Faraday sensors is proposed. With an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) interferometer, the linearly polarized light from a Faraday sensor is decomposed into two orthogonal modes, which are interrogated by a path-scanning Michelson interferometer at different path positions. The variations in the intensities of these two modes are utilized to deduce the rotation of the polarization plane, which is related to the measurand tested by the Faraday sensor. By employing multiple asymmetric M-Z interferometers with arm-lengths carefully controlled, the sensing signals of the multiplexed Faraday sensors are obtained and well separated in one scan of the Michelson interferometer.
STEROIDAL SAPOGENINS. VI.1 SYNTHESIS OF Δ7-22-ISOALLOSPIROSTEN-3β-OL AND UNSATURATED ANALOGS2 (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTEROIDAL SAPOGENINS. VI.1 SYNTHESIS OF Δ7-22-ISOALLOSPIROSTEN-3β-OL AND UNSATURATED ANALOGS2G. ROSENKRANZ, J. ROMO, E. BATRES, and CARL DJERASSICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 2, 298–302Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01142a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01142a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Freeze‐drying of hemoglobin solutions without adjuvant and in presence of glucose, tris, and β‐alanine: A study by electron spin resonance of the oxidized compounds produced (1981)

Hemoglobin cannot be freeze-dried without the presence of protective compounds. Carbohydrates are a well-known example of such compounds, but we have shown that some amine buffer and amino acids are also very effective. The mechanism of action of all these molecules is unknown. We report here experimental data showing that the protective effect is not the result of a direct bond between iron and the protective compound added.
Numerical simulation of broad-area high-power semiconductor laser amplifiers (1997)

A comprehensive model is presented to study the electrical, thermal, and optical behavior of broad-area traveling-wave InGaAs-AlGaAs semiconductor amplifiers. Finite-element thermal analysis and carrier transport mechanisms are integrated into the beam propagation method to include thermal lensing and optically induced nonlinearities. A self-consistent iteration is developed to simulate the beam filamentation in broad-area semiconductor amplifiers with residual facet reflectivities. The experimentally observed periodic filamentation with intensity minima close to zero is investigated numerically.
413: TIMING OF NUTRITION INITIATION AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN CRITICALLY ILL CHILDREN WITH HYPERGLYCEMIA (2017)

Srinivasan, Vijay; Hasbani, Natalie; Asaro, Lisa; Mehta, Nilesh; Irving, Sharon; Kandil, Sarah; Allen, Christine; Typpo, Katri; Cvijanovich, Natalie; Faustino, Edward Vincent; Wypij, David; Agus, Michael; Nadkarni, Vinay Author Information
Chemoablation of metastatic melanoma using intralesional Rose Bengal (2008)

To study the effects of intralesional Rose Bengal for chemoablation of metastatic melanoma. Twenty-six target lesions in 11 patients with locoregionally recurrent disease were injected with the agent PV-10 (10% w/v Rose Bengal in saline) at a dose of 0.5 ml/cc lesion volume. An additional 28 untreated lesions were observed for potential bystander effect. The treatment was well tolerated and an objective response was observed in 12 target lesions, with an additional seven lesions remaining static over at least 12 weeks of observation. In this dose-evaluation study, response rate was dose dependent, increasing to 69% after higher dose injections. Nontarget lesions exhibited a 27% objective response rate that increased to 44% in patients exhibiting a positive response of target lesions. These findings indicate that intralesional Rose Bengal is nontoxic and could benefit patients with metastatic melanoma.
<title>Neural-network-based classification of highway scenes for vehicle guidance</title> (1992)

Current segmentation and classification algorithms are not sufficiently robust to provide reliable real-time sensor-based vehicle guidance for Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems. An alternative technique based on neural networks was developed for scene classification as these algorithms can handle missing and fuzzy data. The back-propagation algorithm was successfully used in conjunction with new activation functions for classification of roads, lane markers, shadows, grass, and edge transitions in real-highway scenes. Extracted from 15 training images were 131 subregions of size 3 X 3 with known classes such as roads, lane markers, shadows, grass, and low and high-edge transitions. Two different neural network architectures based on image and edge data were defined. The neural network was then trained for learning the characteristics of desired classes. After convergence of the training phase was completed, the test images were correctly classified into the desired classes. The training time of 2.14 hours was significantly lower than that of days to a week, as reported by other researchers for similar applications. The processing speed and classification accuracy based on visual criteria were excellent for the test images.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted‐7‐alkoxy‐5H‐pyrazolo(4,3‐d)‐1,2,3‐triazin‐4‐ (3H)‐ones. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of substrate configuration on the angular response pattern of infrared antennas (2010)

The far-field angular response pattern for dipole antenna-coupled infrared detectors is investigated. These devices utilize an asymmetric metal-oxide-metal diode that is capable of rectifying infrared-frequency antenna currents without applied bias. Devices are fabricated on both planar and hemispherical lens substrates. Measurements indicate that the angular response can be tailored by the thickness of the electrical isolation standoff layer on which the detector is fabricated and/or the inclusion of a ground plane. Electromagnetic simulations and analytical expressions show excellent agreement with the measured results.
Why is Random Close Packing Reproducible? (2007)

We link the thermodynamics of colloidal suspensions to the statistics of regular and random packings. Random close packing has defied a rigorous definition yet, in three dimensions, there is near universal agreement on the volume fraction at which it occurs. We conjecture that the common value of phi{rcp} approximately 0.64 arises from a divergence in the rate at which accessible states disappear. We relate this rate to the equation of state for a hard-sphere fluid on a metastable, noncrystalline branch.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Allylic Oxidation Reagents. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Leaf Extract of Garlic on Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Ciceri, Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum and on Gram Seeds (1979)

SUMMARYThe effect of aqueous garlic-leaf extract on two pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which incite wilt diseases in gram (Cicer arietinum) was studied. Growth of the two fungi in liquid medium was greatly reduced by 7,000 and 5,000 ppm of the extract, respectively. Although germination of gram seeds treated with 50,000-80,000 ppm of the extract was delayed, it always exceeded 70% four or more da after treatment. Extract-treated seeds sown in soil infested with the pathogens singly and intermixed produced wilt-free seedlings whereas all the seedlings from untreated seeds showed wilt symptoms. A possible use of garlic-leaf extract in controlling plant diseases under field conditions is suggested.
Synthese und Reaktionen des 4,5‐Dichlor‐1,2,3‐dithiazolium‐chlorids (1985)

Abstract Dischwefeldichlorid reagiert mit Acetonitril über die Stufen Chlor‐ und Dichloracetonitril zu 4,5‐Dichlor‐1,2,3‐dithiazolium‐chlorid ( 1 ). Das Reaktionsverhalten von 1 gegenüber protonen‐aktiven Stoffen wird durch die nucleophile Substitution des Chlors am Kohlenstoff C‐5 geprägt. Substrate, die wie H 2 O, H 2 S, primäre Amine und Sulfonamide über zwei aktive Wasserstoff‐atome verfügen, reagieren zu den kovalenten 4‐Chlor‐5 H ‐1,2,3‐dithiazol‐Derivaten 2 , 3 , 5 . Phenole werden von 1 in o ‐ oder p ‐Stellung elektrophil zu den 4‐Chlor‐5‐(hydroxyphenyl)‐1,2,3‐dithiazolium‐chloriden 9a–d substituiert. Durch HCl‐Eliminierung erhält man aus diesen tiefviolette metallisch glänzende Kristalle der betainartigen Neutralmoleküle 10a , b . Nach Röntgen‐strukturanalyse von 10a liegen die planaren Moleküle in stapelförmiger helicaler Anordnung vor. – Mit Chlor entstehen aus 1 unter Ringöffnung die Verbindungen 14 , 15 , entsprechend wird aus 2 mit Chlor 2‐Chlor‐2‐(chlorthioimino)acetylchlorid ( 18 ) erhalten.
Robust Covalently Cross-linked Polybenzimidazole/Graphene Oxide Membranes for High-Flux Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (2018)

Robust, readily scalable, high-flux graphene oxide (GO) mixed matrix composite membranes were developed for organic solvent nanofiltration. Hydroxylated polybenzimidazole was synthesized by N-benzylation of polybenzimidazole with 4-(chloromethyl)benzyl alcohol, which was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Flat-sheet composite membranes comprising of polybenzimidazoles and 1 or 2 wt % GO were fabricated via conventional blade coating and phase inversion. Subsequently, GO was covalently anchored to the hydroxyl groups of the polymer using a diisocyanate cross-linking agent. The even distribution of GO in the membranes was mapped by visible-light microscopy. Hydroxylation and incorporation of GO in the polymer matrix increased the permeance up to 45.2 ± 1.6 L m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> bar<sup>-1</sup> in acetone, nearly 5 times higher than the unmodified benchmark membrane. The enhancement in permeance from the addition of GO did not compromise the solute rejection. The composite membranes were found to be tight in seven organic solvents, having molecular weight cut-offs (MWCO) as low as 140 g mol<sup>-1</sup>. Permeance increased with increasing solvent polarity, while rejection of a 420 g mol<sup>-1</sup> pharmaceutical remained over 93%. The covalent anchoring resulted in robust composite membranes that maintained constant performance over 14 days in a continuous cross-flow configuration.