gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Prognostic and Predictive Value of Urinary CXCL10 in Kidney Recipients With BK Virus Reactivation (2020)

BK virus (BKV) replication increases urinary chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 10 (uCXCL10) levels in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Here, we investigated uCXCL10 levels across different stages of BKV replication as a prognostic and predictive marker for functional decline in KTRs after BKV-DNAemia. uCXCL10 was assessed in a cross-sectional study (474 paired urine/blood/biopsy samples and a longitudinal study (1,184 samples from 60 KTRs with BKV-DNAemia). uCXCL10 levels gradually increased with urine (P-value < 0.0001) and blood BKV viral load (P < 0.05) but were similar in the viruria and no BKV groups (P > 0.99). In viremic patients, uCXCL10 at biopsy was associated with graft functional decline [HR = 1.65, 95% CI (1.08-2.51), P = 0.02], irrespective of baseline eGFR, blood viral load, or BKVN diagnosis. uCXL10/cr (threshold: 12.86 ng/mmol) discriminated patients with a low risk of graft function decline from high-risk patients (P = 0.01). In the longitudinal study, the uCXCL10 and BKV-DNAemia trajectories were superimposable. Stratification using the same uCXCL10/cr threshold at first viremia predicted the subsequent inflammatory response, assessed by time-adjusted uCXCL10/cr AUC (P < 0.001), and graft functional decline (P = 0.03). In KTRs, uCXCL10 increases in BKV-DNAemia but not in isolated viruria. uCXCL10/cr is a prognostic biomarker of eGFR decrease, and a 12.86 ng/ml threshold predicts higher inflammatory burdens and poor renal outcomes.
CTLA4Ig PROLONGS ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL WHILE SUPPRESSING CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY (1994)

T cell activation is the result of antigen-specific interactions with the TCR/CD3 complex and costimulation via other T cell surface receptors. Prevention of costimulation can result in clonal anergy. CTLA4Ig is a fusion protein that binds with high-affinity to the B7/BB1 ligand and blocks the interaction of this ligand with CD28 and CTLA4. We explored the immunosuppressive effects of CTLA4Ig in a murine nonvascularized heterotopic cardiac transplant model and in a model of cell mediated immunity. CTLA4Ig administered in vivo for two days at the time of transplantation resulted in significant prolongation of allograft survival (55±2.0 vs. 12.2±0.5 days for control, P< 0.03). Administration at later times or to previously primed animals produced no prolongation of graft survival. CTLA4Ig administered during in vivo immunization to the hapten TNP suppressed the contact sensitivity response and inhibited the subsequent in vitro generation of secondary TNP-specific CTL. CTLA4Ig administered in vivo had no effect on subsequent primary alloantigen-specific CTL or MLR responses—however, when added to culture the fusion protein inhibited the MLR response by 80%, but not the alloantigen-specific CTL response. CTLA4Ig inhibited CD4+ and CD8+ proliferative and cytokine responses to alloantigen. Flow cytometry showed no changes in distribution of sub-populations of T cells. These results confirm the immunosuppressive activity of CTLA4Ig in vivo in an allograft model and show that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are suppressed by CTLA4Ig. The most efficacious time of administration is during priming of the immune response at the time of antigen presentation.
Reproducible generation of explosive traces for detection system testing (2018)

Explosive trace detection (ETD) systems need to be tested against the target substances on a nanogram scale applied to various different surfaces. To reach this goal a solvent-free method using inert particles coated with explosives was researched. A powder pipette was developed that is able to perform a dry transfer which can place a required number of particles on a target area to guarantee a reproducible generation of traces on different surfaces. A negative pressure is used to grasp a singular particle from a powder bed into the round pore of the pipette. The particle can be released by an electric stimulus of the pipette which is integrated into a platform solution enabling a fully automatic control. Combining the knowledge of the explosive amount on each particle and the possibility to perform the deposition of an exact number of particles it is possible to create reproducible and quantitative test specimen for explosive trace detection systems. Explosive vapour detection (EVD) systems need to be tested with controlled concentrations of explosive vapour down to ppt level. A suited gas generator was developed taking into account measures to prevent unwished adsorption and to ensure a controlled gas concentration output. The developed gas generator is able to evaporate small amounts of dissolved explosives from a liquid circle into a gas stream. By controlling the gas stream, the concentration of explosive in the liquid circle and the numbers of pulses, it is possible to create defined explosive vapours down to ppt level.
The Vocation of a Teacher: Rhetorical Occasions, 1967–1988 (1990)

"The Vocation of a Teacher: Rhetorical Occasions, 1967–1988." The Journal of Higher Education, 61(5), pp. 602–603
Carences minérales chez la grenadille Passiflora edulis Sims. var. flavicarpa. III. Carences partielles en N, P, K, Ca, Mg. Croissance et symptômes. IV. Carence totale et partielle en S. Croissance et symptômes (1980)

Etude de l'effet des carences totales en S et partielles en N, P, K, Ca, Mg ou S sur le développement, la croissance et le rendement de la grenadille cultivée sur sable arrosé avec des solutions nutritives. Description des symptômes de déficit qui sont apparus seulement pour N, P, K, et S. Martinique
Effects of acute and chronic interval sprint exercise performed on a manually propelled treadmill on upper limb vascular mechanics in healthy young men (2016)

Interval sprint exercise performed on a manually propelled treadmill, where the hands grip the handle bars, engages lower and upper limb skeletal muscle, but little is known regarding the effects of this exercise modality on the upper limb vasculature. We tested the hypotheses that an acute bout of sprint exercise and 6 weeks of training induces brachial artery (BA) and forearm vascular remodeling, favoring a more compliant system. Before and following a single bout of exercise as well as 6 weeks of training three types of vascular properties/methodologies were examined in healthy men: (1) stiffness of the entire upper limb vascular system (pulse wave velocity (PWV); (2) local stiffness of the BA; and (3) properties of the entire forearm vascular bed (determined by a modified lumped parameter Windkessel model). Following sprint exercise, PWV declined (P < 0.01), indices of BA stiffness did not change (P ≥ 0.10), and forearm vascular bed compliance increased and inertance and viscoelasticity decreased (P ≤ 0.03). Following manually propelled treadmill training, PWV remained unchanged (P = 0.31), indices of BA stiffness increased (P ≤ 0.05) and forearm vascular bed viscoelasticity declined (P = 0.02), but resistance, compliance, and inertance remained unchanged (P ≥ 0.10) compared with pretraining values. Sprint exercise induced a more compliant forearm vascular bed, without altering indices of BA stiffness. These effects were transient, as following training the forearm vascular bed was not more compliant and indices of BA stiffness increased. On the basis of these data, we conclude that adaptations to acute and chronic sprint exercise on a manually propelled treadmill are not uniform along the arterial tree in upper limb.
Expression of cell adhesion molecules in jejunum biopsies of children with coeliac disease. (1993)

The composition of inflammatory cells as well as the expression of cell adhesion molecules (LFA-1/CD11a, ICAM-1/CD54, CD36) in jejunal biopsies from children with active, untreated coeliac disease (CD) has been analyzed and compared with control biopsies. In CD the number of intraepithelial and lamina propria T cells was greater than in controls. ICAM-1 was found on most cells in the lamina propria; many of them expressed LFA-1 as well. In contrast, no ICAM-1+ and a few LFA-1+ cells were noticed in the epithelium. The brush border from control biopsies reacted with HLADR and anti-CD36. In CD, de novo expression of HLADR was found in the cytoplasm of villous and cryptal enterocytes in contrast, CD36 disappeared from the brush border and no expression of ICAM-1 on the inflamed epithelium was noticed. The results indicate that adhesion molecules other than LFA-1, ICAM-1 and CD36 may be involved in the cellular interactions occurring in the intraepithelial compartment in CD; the lack of ICAM-1 and the reduced expression of LFA-1 on intraepithelial lymphocytes might reflect a defective activation of these cells. Several macrophages were found in the lamina propria in cases of CD; some of them were located beneath the surface epithelium, showed a spindle/dendritic morphology, and expressed the HLADR+, CD36+, CD11a- phenotype. These cells might be stimulated by luminal antigens and might play an important role in subsequent activation of T cells in the lamina propria.
Beyond the Androgen Receptor: The Sequence, the Mutants, and New Avengers in the Treatment of Castrate-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2021)

Targeting the androgen receptor by depriving testosterone with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists or antagonists, or surgical castration, has been the backbone of metastatic prostate cancer treatment. Although most prostate cancers initially respond to androgen deprivation, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer evolves into a heterogeneous disease with diverse drivers of progression and mechanisms of therapeutic resistance. Development of castrate resistance phenotype is associated with lethality despite the recent noteworthy strides gained via increase in therapeutic options. Identification of novel therapeutics to further improve survival and achieve durable responses in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is a clinical necessity. In this review, we outline the existing avengers for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer by clinical presentation, placing into context the clinical state of the patient, such as burden of disease and symptoms. Doing so might aid in the ability to optimize the sequence of agents and allow for maximal exposure to life-prolonging therapeutics. Realizing the limitations of the androgen signaling inhibition, we explore the androgen-indifferent prostate cancer: the mutants. Classically, these subtypes have been associated with variant histology, but androgen-indifferent prostate cancer features are now frequently observed in association with heterogeneous morphologies, including double-negative prostate cancers, lacking both androgen receptor and neuroendocrine features, or clinicopathologic criteria, such as the aggressive variant prostate cancer criteria. The framework of new avengers against metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer based on mechanism, including DNA repair, immune checkpoint inhibition, PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, prostate-specific membrane antigen targets, bispecific T-cell engagers, and radionuclide therapies, is summarized in this review.
Supplementary Table S14 from Oncogenic Drivers and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in KRAS Wild-Type Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MAPK pathway gene VUS analysis for oncogenicity in KRAS WT, MAPK Neg&lt;/p&gt;
Haptoglobin Synthesis. I. In Vivo Studies of the Production of Haptoglobin, Fibrinogen, and γ-Globulin by the Canine Liver* (1965)

Haptoglobin is an a2 plasma glycoprotein that forms a stable complex with hemoglobin (1-5). The complex is cleared from the plasma much more rapidly than free haptoglobin so that marked hypoor anhaptoglobinemia is a concomitant of hemolysis (6, 7). Since free hemoglobin passes readily into the urine, whereas the complex, perhaps owing to its much greater size, does not, haptoglobin may play a role in the conservation of iron by the body (5, 7). Haptoglobin concentration increases markedly in man (8-12) and animals (13-15) in the presence of inflammation or tissue necrosis. Estrogen administration depresses the haptoglobin concentration in the serum of man (10). The site of synthesis of this protein is unknown although the liver has been suggested (16), for it is known that in some instances of parenchymatous liver disease haptoglobin concentration is reduced (10, 17). At least theoretically this might be the result of decreased synthesis by a damaged organ. However, increased hemoglobin
Role of design complexity in technology improvement (2011)

We study a simple model for the evolution of the cost (or more generally the performance) of a technology or production process. The technology can be decomposed into n components, each of which interacts with a cluster of d - 1 other components. Innovation occurs through a series of trial-and-error events, each of which consists of randomly changing the cost of each component in a cluster, and accepting the changes only if the total cost of the cluster is lowered. We show that the relationship between the cost of the whole technology and the number of innovation attempts is asymptotically a power law, matching the functional form often observed for empirical data. The exponent α of the power law depends on the intrinsic difficulty of finding better components, and on what we term the design complexity: the more complex the design, the slower the rate of improvement. Letting d as defined above be the connectivity, in the special case in which the connectivity is constant, the design complexity is simply the connectivity. When the connectivity varies, bottlenecks can arise in which a few components limit progress. In this case the design complexity depends on the details of the design. The number of bottlenecks also determines whether progress is steady, or whether there are periods of stasis punctuated by occasional large changes. Our model connects the engineering properties of a design to historical studies of technology improvement.
Plant Regeneration from Unfertilized Ovaries of Sugar Beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) Cultured In Vitro (1998)

A. method is described for plant regeneration from unfertilized ovaries isolated from a diploid male sterile sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) breeding line that was developed at the Sugar Institute, Ankara, Turkey. Ovary explants were cultured on Murashige &amp;amp;amp; Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg/l benzylaminopurine (BAP). Two treatments were tested by incubating all of the explants in darkness for 15 days, and then transferring one half to light and keeping the other half in darkness throughout the culture. Callus formation occurred in both treatments more or less at similar rates: however, there was a significant difference between the treatments with regard to the shoot-forming capacity of the explants, those transferred to light after an initial incbation in darkness producing more shoots (14.6%) than those kept in darkness continuously (4.2%). Root induction was readilyachieved within two weeks when shoots were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.0 mg/l silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ). An inverse relationship between the callus and shoot-forming capacity of the individual explants was apparent. The determination of ploidy levels of the regenerants was performed by chromosome counting in leaf samples of regenerated plants and the results revealed that all of the regenerants were diploid.
The Power of Static Pricing for Reusable Resources (2023)

We consider the problem of pricing a reusable resource service system. Potential customers arrive according to a Poisson process and purchase the service if their valuation exceeds the current price. If no units are available, customers immediately leave without service. Serving a customer corresponds to using one unit of the reusable resource, where the service time has a general distribution. The objective is to maximize the steady-state revenue rate. This system is equivalent to the classical Erlang loss model with price-sensitive customers, which has applications in vehicle sharing, cloud computing, and spare parts management. With general service times, the optimal pricing policy depends not only on the number of customers currently in the system but also on how long each unavailable unit has been in use. We prove several results that show a simple static policy is universally near-optimal for any service rate distribution, arrival rate, and number of units in the system. When there are multiple classes of customers, we prove that static pricing guarantees 78.9% of the revenue of the optimal dynamic policy, achieving the same guarantee known for a single class of customers with exponential service times. When there is one class of customers who have a monotone hazard rate valuation distribution, we prove that a static pricing policy guarantees 90.4% of the revenue from the optimal inventory-based policy. Finally, we prove that the optimal static policy can be easily computed, resulting in the first polynomial-time approximation algorithm for the multi-class problem.
Total synthesis of the unique indole alkaloid chuangxinmycin. Application of nitro group displacement reactions in organic synthesis (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of the unique indole alkaloid chuangxinmycin. Application of nitro group displacement reactions in organic synthesisAlan P. Kozikowski and Michael N. GrecoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 3, 1165–1166Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00523a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00523a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views480Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Determination of the Mass of the Deuteron (2012)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2012
Gradual type theory (2019)

Gradually typed languages are designed to support both dynamically typed and statically typed programming styles while preserving the benefits of each. While existing gradual type soundness theorems for these languages aim to show that type-based reasoning is preserved when moving from the fully static setting to a gradual one, these theorems do not imply that correctness of type-based refactorings and optimizations is preserved. Establishing correctness of program transformations is technically difficult, because it requires reasoning about program equivalence, and is often neglected in the metatheory of gradual languages. In this paper, we propose an axiomatic account of program equivalence in a gradual cast calculus, which we formalize in a logic we call gradual type theory (GTT). Based on Levy’s call-by-push-value, GTT gives an axiomatic account of both call-by-value and call-by-name gradual languages. Based on our axiomatic account we prove many theorems that justify optimizations and refactorings in gradually typed languages. For example, uniqueness principles for gradual type connectives show that if the βη laws hold for a connective, then casts between that connective must be equivalent to the so-called “lazy” cast semantics. Contrapositively, this shows that “eager” cast semantics violates the extensionality of function types. As another example, we show that gradual upcasts are pure functions and, dually, gradual downcasts are strict functions. We show the consistency and applicability of our axiomatic theory by proving that a contract-based implementation using the lazy cast semantics gives a logical relations model of our type theory, where equivalence in GTT implies contextual equivalence of the programs. Since GTT also axiomatizes the dynamic gradual guarantee, our model also establishes this central theorem of gradual typing. The model is parametrized by the implementation of the dynamic types, and so gives a family of implementations that validate type-based optimization and the gradual guarantee.
(b) Future of the Clinic Service (1974)

The National Health Service (N.H.S.) of the United Kingdom will be resturctured in April 1974 and that will be the start of a new era, the author asserts. Family planning services are ready for an integration and that is what the reorganization will aim for. Access to family planning services at present is achieved through the general practitioner, free access clinics and hospitals, and there is no coordination of these 3 contraceptive services. The family planning Association (FPA) has been responsible for the establishment of clinic services and for the rise in contraceptive services. The reorganization of N.H.S. will also aim for decentralization so that the main reponsibility for the integration of family planning services will be done at the district level. A Co-ordinator of Family Planning Services should be appointed for each district. In the integrated Health Service, each clinic is to have a local backup of health visitor and social workers, and consultant obstetricians and gynecologists.
Allocolchicines─Synthesis with Electro-organic Key Transformations (2022)

The naturally occurring colchicine and allocolchicines in the meadow saffron are potentially active ingredients for cancer therapy. A concise protocol for the sustainable synthesis of allocolchicines using up to two electro-organic key transformations is demonstrated. This straightforward synthesis of <i>N</i>-acetylcolchinol methyl ether in a five-step protocol was adopted using protecting groups to enable access to <i>N</i>-acetylcolchinol and the phosphate derivative ZD6126.
The cDNA of the two isoforms of bovine cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (1989)

cDNAs encoding the isoform I alpha of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase were isolated from a bovine trachea smooth muscle cDNA library constructed in lambda gt10. The deduced protein sequence is identical with the protein sequence obtained by Edman degradation of the bovine lung enzyme [(1984) Biochemistry 23, 4207-4218]. Alternate cDNA clones were isolated which code for a protein slightly different within the aminoterminal part from the known amino acid sequence. These alternate cDNAs contain the sequence of a peptide identified in the isoform I beta of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA from bovine trachea smooth muscle indicated the presence of two different mRNA species of about 6.2 kb.
Exceptional points and symmetry recovery in coupled ferromagnetic waveguides (2017)

We consider a two-state system consisting of a pair of coupled ferromagnetic waveguides. A monotonically increasing bias magnetic field can dynamically manipulate the system to enter a PT-symmetry broken phase and then reenter a symmetric phase. The symmetry recovery is enabled by the presence of accidental degeneracy points when the system has no loss, and each degeneracy point can spawn a pair of exceptional points when asymmetric loss is introduced. We perform microwave experiments to demonstrate the presence of the exceptional point and symmetry recovery.