gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Winter Wheat Row Spacing and Alternative Crop Effects on Relay-Intercrop, Double-Crop, and Wheat Yields (2015)

In Missouri as well as much of the Midwest, the most popular double-cropping system was winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) followed by soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr). These two crops can also be used in an intercrop system, but optimal row spacing was important to increase crop productivity. Research was conducted to evaluate (1) winter wheat inter- and double-crop production systems, using a variety of alternative crops, and (2) the impact of different wheat row spacings on intercrop establishment and yields within the various cropping systems. Field research was conducted during droughts in 2012 and 2013. Spacing of wheat rows impacted wheat yields by 150 kg ha −1 , as well as yields of the alternative crops. Narrower row spacings (150 kg ha −1 ) and the double-crop system (575 kg ha −1 ) increased yield due to the lack of interference for resources with wheat in 2013. Land equivalent ratio (LER) values determining productivity of intercrop systems of 19 and 38 cm row showed an advantage for alternative crops in 2013, but not 2012. This signified that farmers in Northeast Missouri could potentially boost yield potential for a given field and produce additional forage or green manure yields in a year with less severe drought.
You can't rely on color, yet we all do 2.0(Manuscript Only) (2014)

Everybody views and uses color from early childhood onwards. But this magnificent property of all objects around us turns out to be elusive if you try to specify it and communicate it to another person. Also, people often don’t know what effects color may have under different conditions. However, color is so important and omnipresent, that people can hardly avoid to 'rely on it' – so they do, in particular on its predictability. Thus, there is a discrepancy between the seeming self-evidence of color and the difficulty in specifying it accurately, for the prevailing circumstances. In order to analyze this situation, and possibly remedy it, a short historic perspective of the utilization and specification of color is given. The 'utilization' includes the emotional effects of color, which are important in, for instance, interior decorating but also play a role in literature and religion. 'Specification' begins with the early efforts by scientists, philosophers and artists to bring some order and understanding in what was observed with and while using color. Color has a number of basic functions: embellishment; attracting attention; coding; and bringing order in text by causing text parts presented in the same color to be judged as belonging together. People with a profession that involves color choices for many others, such as designers and manufacturers of products, including electronic visual displays, should have a fairly thorough knowledge of colorimetry and color perception. Unfortunately, they often don’t, simply because for 'practitioners' whose work involves different aspects, applying color being only one of those, the available tools for specifying and applying color turn out to be too difficult to use. Two consequences of an insufficient knowledge of the effects color may have are given here. The first of these consequences, on color blindness, relates to 8% of the population, but the second one, on reading colored text, bears on everyone. Practical guidance is given, especially on color and legibility. Anyway, the available tools mentioned, such as chromaticity diagrams and color spaces, are mainly the responsibility of the CIE. It would therefore be a laudable initiative if the CIE would not only refine their present systems, but devote some time and energy to the development of a <i>simpler</i> color specification and measurement system. With that it would be worth trying ergonomics research principles, to begin with end-user involvement: investigating what color science practitioners really want and need.
Effect of Alpinia galanga extract on cartilage degradation and on gene expression in human chondrocyte and synovial fibroblast metabolism (2006)

Abstract We investigated the effects of A. galanga extract on metabolism and gene expression involved in the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) response of human chondrocyte and synovial fibroblast. A. galanga extract inhibited IL-1β enhanced matrix breakdown of the cartilage explants in a dose-dependent manner. It suppressed uronic acid loss from the tissue and decreased the release of sulfated GAG and hyaluronan into the medium. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in the culture medium of chondrosarcomas and synovial fibroblasts were significantly reduced in the presence of A. galanga extract, which also suppressed the production of MMP-1,-3 and-13. The A. galanga extract also significantly increased type II collagen, SOX9 and aggrecan gene expression, suggesting an ability to enhance anabolic activity. At a high dose of A. galanga extract there was a down-regulation of aggrecan gene expression. Comparison with Diacerein® showed its general anti-inflammatory potential to be similar. The A. galanga extract was shown to inhibit IL-1β-stimulated cartilage matrix degradation in both systems. Additionally, the extract showed the potential to up-regulate certain chondrocyte anabolic genes. It may, therefore, offer some cartilage protective and anti-inflammatory properties as a therapeutic agent in arthritis.
Performance of FH SS radio networks with interference modeled as a mixture of Gaussian and alpha-stable noise (2002)

This paper considers the performance of FH SS radio networks in a Poisson field of interfering terminals using the same modulation and power. Assuming 1/r/sup m/ attenuation of signal strength over distance, the interference in the network is modeled as a mixture of Gaussian and circularly symmetric /spl alpha/-stable noise. The problem is relevant to mobile communication systems where the mobility of users requires random modeling of transmitter positions in the network. We derive formulas for the probability distributions of the interference in FH SS radio networks. We generalize the results of Sousa (see IEEE Trans. I.T., vol.38, no.6, p.1743-1754, 1992) where attention was limited to Cauchy random variables, a special subclass of stable distributions, and where the effect of a background (Gaussian) noise was neglected. Based on the formulas derived, we calculate the probability of symbol error for radio links in environments varying from urban settings to office buildings. The results obtained allow the prediction of the performance of wireless systems under a wide range of conditions.
RF MEMS in wireless architectures (2005)

Micromechanical (or mu/mechanical) communication circuits fabricated via IC-compatible MEMS technologies and capable of low-loss filtering, mixing, switching, and frequency generation, are described with the intent to miniaturize wireless transceivers. Possible MEMS-based receiver front-end architectures are then presented that use these micromechanical circuits in large quantities to enhance robustness and substantially reduce power consumption. Among the more aggressive architectures proposed are one based on a /spl mu/mechanical RF channel-selector and one featuring an all-MEMS RF front-end.
FullAnalyze: A Research tool for handling, processing and analyzing full-waveform lidar data (2009)

Full-waveform (FW) lidar systems provide range profiles of the Earth topography. They are acquired from airborne platforms or from satellites. Many applications derive from the use of such data, from the extraction of 3D point clouds to the inversion of vegetation profiles. Nevertheless, handling range profiles is much more difficult than handling 3D point cloud. The aim of this paper is to present a research tool based on opensource libraries that can process and visualize such data. We focused our work on the implementation on the 2D/3D interface that gives the possibility to visualize the interaction between the lidar electromagnetic waves and the Earth topography. Moreover, this tool integrates several processing steps of FW Lidar data.
A randomized, controlled trial of high-dose dextromethorphan in facial neuralgias (2000)

Dextromethorphan shows little or no analgesic efficacy in pain due to possible trigeminal neuropathy and anesthesia dolorosa. Additional trials are necessary to conclusively evaluate the efficacy of NMDA-receptor antagonists in trigeminal neuralgia.
Cloning and expression of the phosphotriesterase gene hocA from Pseudomonas monteilii C11 b bThe GenBank accession number for the hocA gene is AF469117. (2002)

The cloning of a gene encoding the novel phosphotriesterase from Pseudomonas monteilii C11, which enabled it to use the organophosphate (OP) coroxon as its sole phosphorus source, is described. The gene, called hocA (hydrolysis of coroxon) consists of 501 bp and encodes a protein of 19 kDa. This protein had no sequence similarity to any proteins in the SWISS-PROT/GenBank databases. When a spectinomycin-resistance cassette was placed in this gene, phosphotriesterase activity was abolished and P. monteilii C11 could no longer grow with coroxon as the sole phosphorus source. Overexpression and purification of HocA as a maltose-binding protein fusion produced a protein having a broad substrate specificity across oxon and thion OPs. Michaelis-Menten kinetics were observed with the oxon OPs, but not with the thion OPs. End-product inhibition was observed for coroxon-hydrolytic activity. Increased expression of hocA was observed from an integrative hocA-lacZ fusion when cultures were grown in the absence of phosphate, suggesting that it might be part of the Pho regulon, but the phosphate-regulated promoter was not cloned in this study. This is believed to be the first study in which a gene required for an organism to grow with OP pesticides as a phosphorus source has been isolated.
Penetration of prulifloxacin into sinus mucosa of patients undergoing paranasal sinus elective endoscopic surgery (2012)

The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of ulifloxacin, the active metabolite of prulifloxacin, in sinuses mucosa and plasma of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, requiring sinus elective endoscopic surgery. Thirty-nine patients (30 males, 9 females; age range 22-77 years) with chronic sinusitis were enrolled, 35 were treated with the investigational medication. Samples from four untreated patients were used to validate the analytical method, while four treated patients dropped out before surgery. One 600 mg prulifloxacin tablet once daily was administered for 5 days before surgery. The last dosing was scheduled from 2 to 12 hours from tissue and plasma sampling. In each patient, two samples of paranasal sinus mucosa (from ethmoid and turbinate, respectively) and one blood sample were collected. Concentrations of ulifloxacin in plasma and sinuses mucosa were measured using validated bioanalytical LC/MS/MS methods. Individual and mean ulifloxacin concentrations in tissues were always higher than the relevant plasma levels. The highest concentrations were observed between 2.5 and 4.5 hours after the last dosing in all districts. The mean tissue/plasma ratios were 2.5 and 3.0 for ethmoid and turbinate, respectively. Data expressed as Area Under the Curves (AUC±SD) showed that ulifloxacin concentrations in the ethmoid were slightly higher (18.68±6.48 μg/g*h) than in turbinate (15.00±2.89 μg/g*h), and definitely higher than in plasma (6.32±1.14 μg/ml*h). The AUC ratios between tissues and plasma were 3.0 for ethmoides and 2.4 for turbinates. One patient reported two treatment-related episodes of diarrhea, which spontaneously resolved after the drug suspension. Results from this study seem to suggest that prulifloxacin showed good distribution in sinus tissues, where it reaches concentrations significantly higher than in plasma. These findings strongly call for confirmatory clinical trials in patients with bacterial rhinosinusitis.
30 Arabidopsis thaliana as a Model for Studying Mechanisms of Plant Cold Tolerance (1994)

Plants vary widely in their ability to tolerate cold temperatures. Many species from tropical and subtropical regions are chilling-sensitive (Lyons 1973; Levitt 1980). Such plants suffer a wide range of damage, ranging from loss of vigor to death, when temperatures drop below about 10°C. In contrast, plants from temperate regions are not only chilling-tolerant, but many can survive freezing at high subzero temperatures (Sakai and Larcher 1987). Moreover, many chilling-tolerant plants increase in freezing tolerance in response to low nonfreezing temperature, a process known as cold acclimation (Levitt 1980; Sakai and Larcher 1987). Nonacclimated wheat and rye, for example, are killed at about −5°C, but after cold acclimation, they can survive temperatures as low as about −20°C and −30°C, respectively. A major challenge for plant scientists interested in low-temperature biology is to determine the molecular bases for plant chilling and freezing tolerance. Why are certain plants such as rice and cucumber sensitive to chilling temperatures whereas plants such as wheat and rye are not? Why is it that the common potato, Solanum tuberosum, cannot cold-acclimate although its close tuber-bearing relative, Solanum commersonii, can? What is the molecular basis for the enhancement of freezing tolerance that occurs with cold acclimation? Considerable effort has been directed toward addressing these and related questions, and much has been learned. However, our understanding of the underlying bases for chilling sensitivity and freezing tolerance remains at an elementary level. We cannot yet answer the questions posed above, for instance, or rationally design from first principles a...
Interleukin 7 (murine pre‐B cell growth factor/lymphopoietin 1) stimulates thymocyte growth: regulation by transforming growth factor beta (1989)

The effects of interleukin 7 (IL7) previously known as murine pre-B cell growth factor/lymphopoietin 1 on the growth of murine thymocytes was investigated. In the presence of a suboptimal dose of phytohemagglutinin, IL7 induced a dose-dependent increase in thymocyte proliferation which was comparable to that induced by IL1. Additionally IL7 was shown to synergize with a suboptimal dose of IL1 to enhance thymocyte proliferation. Thymocyte proliferation induced by IL7, like that induced by IL1, was inhibited when either recombinant transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 1 or beta 2 were added at the initiation of culture. Interestingly, IL7-driven thymocyte proliferation was considerably less susceptible to inhibition by TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 2 than that induced by IL1. Taken together these results suggest IL7 may activate distinct populations of thymocytes and/or act through a pathway distinct from that utilized by IL1.
Analysis of camera movement errors in vision-based vehicle tracking (1995)

When a camera is used to provide the navigational parameters in autonomous vehicle operations, it is subjected to unexpected movements or vibrations of the mounting platform. This paper presents a framework for analyzing the effect of uncontrollable camera movements on the navigational parameters, in particular on the range and-heading angle in vision-based vehicle tracking. The noise introduced by the platform movements is modeled in two ways: camera noise approach and image noise approach. The parameter space of the camera is divided into a controllable subspace consisting of its height and depression angle, and an uncontrollable subspace consisting of the tracked object coordinates and rotation angle errors. A consistent detectable region is then obtained such that the tracked object is always seen by the camera. Based on this region, a reliable region consisting of no singularity points is established so that the range error does not become infinity. The optimum parameters of the controllable subspace with respect to the uncontrollable subspace are found by employing two estimation schemes: (a) the mini-max estimator to provide the worst case effect, and (b) the minimum-mean-square estimator to provide the average or overall effect. From the results obtained, it is shown how an optimum imaging geometry of a monocular vision-based tracking system can be designed in order to satisfy prescribed levels of range and heading angle errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In vitroAntischistosomal and Cytotoxic Activities of Norneolignans fromStyrax pohliiA. DC. (2014)

The schistosomicidal and cytotoxic activities of norneolignans isolated from Styrax pohlii are used to relieve fever. The norneolignans homoegonol [2] and homoegonol glucoside [4] provided the best results against S. mansoni adult worms. At 200 μM, compounds 2 and 4 killed 25% and 50% of the parasites in 120 h, while egonol [1], homoegonol gentiobioside [3], and egonol gentiobioside [5] reduced their motor activity to 12.5%, 12.5%, and 37.5% in 120 h, respectively. With respect to the cytotoxic activity, the IC50 values were greater than 800 μM for 1, 5, and 3 and 192.5 and 253.1 μM for 2 and 4, respectively.
Gas Partitioning of Dissolved Volatile Organic Compounds in the Vadose Zone: Principles, Temperature Effects and Literature Review (1996)

Abstract Enthalpy and entropy of volatilization from dilute aqueous solutions for 26 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been determined using Henry's Law values reported in published literature. Based on the linearity of van't Hoff plots, for the temperature ranges common in soils, the differences in heat capacities of volatilization for reactants and products are very small for the VOCs studied. When volatile solutes such as VOCs are present in soil water, soil‐gas concentration often nearly is in equilibrium with the dissolved solute. Setchinow salting coefficients are linearly related to dissolved partial molar volumes for halogenated aliphatic compounds. Based in part on approximations from this linear relationship, equilibrium deviations from Henry's Law behavior for dilute VOC concentrations due to capillary tension or the presence of ionic solutes are small for common soil conditions. Since gas/water partitioning of VOCs if temperature‐sensitive and since annual soil moisture and temperature patterns vary geographically in documented fashion, geographically specific temporal patterns in soil‐gas VOC concentrations are predictable in vadose zones containing dissolved VOCs. A U.S. map depicting these general soil‐moisture and temperature patterns is provided. Gas concentrations in vadose zones containing dissolved VOCs tend to increase with increasing temperature and decreasing moisture content due to equilibrium partitioning effects. Diagrams useful for understanding the results of soil‐gas surveys and the efficacy of various remediation options are provided. The effect of bubbles in VOC water‐sample vials on aqueous concentrations is shown to be very small. The effect of head‐space volume of soil samples on estimated soil‐gas concentrations can be large.
Äktenskapet handlar inte om att bli kär, det handlar om att fortsätta vara kär. En studie om parförhållanden som håller. (2007)

Syfte: Det övergripande syftet med uppsatsen är att ta reda på vilka faktorer som gör att långvariga parrelationer håller. Med parrelation menar vi i denna studie kärleksrelationen mellan man och kvinna.\n\nStudien är kvalitativ och vi har använt intervjuer som undersökningsmetod. Vi har valt att intervjua fyra etniskt svenska kvinnor från företrädesvis medelklass. Vid analysen av empirin har vi utgått från ett teoretiskt perspektiv med fokus på modernitet och individualitet samt tidigare forskning och på detta viset visat olika vinklar på parförhållandets vara.\n\nModernitetsperspektivet och den tidigare forskningen visade, i samklang med empirin, på en rad faktorer och företeelser som gör att långa parrelationer håller. Sammanfattningsvis utgörs dessa faktorer av parternas förmåga att ge varandra ömsesidig frihet och tillåtelse att förverkliga individuella drömmar, samt att prioritera varandra och förhållandet och både kunna ge och ta emot intimitet från den andra. Att göra saker tillsammans och inte ta varandra och kärleken för givet skapar ett starkt förhållande som klarar kriser. Vi har också kunnat se att dessa par har få konflikter kring vardagssysslor. De tycks ha hittat en form för utförandet av dessa sysslor som båda parter upplever tillfredsställande.
Structure-activity relationship of antiestrogens. Effect of the side chain and its position on activity of 2,3-diaryl-2H-1-benzopyrans (1990)

A series of 2,3-diaryl-2H-1-benzopyrans carrying a tertiary aminoethoxy chain at the ortho, meta, or para position of 2-phenyl or an alkyl at position 4 of the pyran ring were synthesized and evaluated for their affinity for estrogen receptor (ER) and for microsomal antiestrogen specific binding site and for their uterotrophic-antiuterotrophic activities in rodents. The analogues bearing the side chain at the para position of 2-phenyl were found to be active while those substituted at the meta and ortho positions were inactive as ER ligands as well as estrogen agonists-antagonists. Among para-substituted ethers, the 2-piperidinoethoxy analogue 5 was found to be a more effective antiestrogen than the corresponding pyrrolidino, dimethylamino, and related analogues. Incorporation of a methyl or an ethyl at C4 in the pyran nucleus was found to increase receptor affinity of the prototypes. The ethyl was also found to potentiate agonist activity of the prototype while abolishing its antagonist activity. The piperidino analogue 5 was found to be a better antiestrogen than tamoxifen as well as LY-117018 in rats as well as mice. The prototypes were also found to have high affinity for the microsomal antiestrogen specific binding sites. The benzopyrans have thus emerged as a new group of potent antiestrogens.
Nanocrystalline-Li2FeSiO4 synthesized by carbon frameworks as an advanced cathode material for Li-ion batteries (2014)

The nanocrystalline-Li<sub>2</sub>FeSiO<sub>4</sub> with carbon frameworks, possessing high-capacity and high-rate performance, is a promising next-generation cathode material for high-power lithium-ion batteries.
A Combined Approach using Subspace and Beamforming Methods for Time-Frequency Domain Blind Source Separation (2006)

Blind source separation (BSS) is an approach to estimate original source signals only by measurements through multiple sensors without any prior knowledge about their mixture process. BSS is currently applied to a broad range of fields, such as pre-processing of speech recognition, analysis of bio-signals, etc. In BSS of convolutive mixtures, the signals must be expanded into time-frequency domains. In this case, permutation between frequencies becomes indefinite. This paper proposes a method for solving the indefiniteness problem by using directional peaks in addition to directional nulls in directivity patterns. This method makes it possible to combine the beamforming and subspace methods and to improve the accuracy in separatability of BSS. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by computer simulation