gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excitonic and deep-level emission from N- and Al-polar homoepitaxial AlN grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2023)

Using low-temperature cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, we study the properties of N- and Al-polar AlN layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on bulk AlN{0001}. Compared to the bulk AlN substrate, layers of both polarities feature a suppression of deep-level luminescence, a total absence of the prevalent donor with an exciton binding energy of 28 meV, and a much increased intensity of the emission from free excitons. The dominant donor in these layers is characterized by an associated exciton binding energy of 13 meV. The observation of excited exciton states up to the exciton continuum allows us to directly extract the $Γ_{5}$ free exciton binding energy of 57 meV.
Induction of the Gα q Signaling Cascade by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Is Required for Virus Entry (2008)

Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) with the primary receptor CD4 and one of two coreceptors, CXCR4 or CCR5, activates a signaling cascade resulting in Rac-1 GTPase activation and stimulation of actin cytoskeletal reorganizations critical for HIV-1-mediated membrane fusion. The mechanism by which HIV-1 Env induces Rac-1 activation and subsequent actin cytoskeleton rearrangement is unknown. In this study, we show that Env-mediated Rac-1 activation is dependent on the activation of Galpha(q) and its downstream targets. Fusion and Rac-1 activation are mediated by Galpha(q) and phospholipase C (PLC), as shown by attenuation of fusion and Rac-1 activation in cells either expressing small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Galpha(q) or treated with the PLC inhibitor U73122. Rac-1 activation and fusion were also blocked by multiple protein kinase C inhibitors, by inhibitors of intracellular Ca2+ release, by Pyk2-targeted siRNA, and by the Ras inhibitor S-trans,trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS). Fusion was blocked without altering cell viability or cell surface localization of CD4 and CCR5. Similar results were obtained when cell fusion was induced by Env expressed on viral and cellular membranes and when cell lines or primary cells were the target. Treatment with inhibitors and siRNA specific for Galpha(i) or Galpha(s) signaling mediators had no effect on Env-mediated Rac-1 activation or cell fusion, indicating that the Galpha(q) pathway alone is responsible. These results could provide a new focus for therapeutic intervention with drugs targeting host signaling mediators rather than viral molecules, a strategy which is less likely to result in resistance.
RNA‐binding protein Elavl1/HuR is required for maintenance of cranial neural crest specification (2021)

Neural crest (NC) cells are a multipotent cell population, unique to the vertebrate species, which gather at the dorsal neural tube and undergo an epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). NC then migrate throughout the developing embryo contributing to various cell types such as craniofacial cartilage, neurons, and elements of the peripheral nervous system. While a gene regulatory network (GRN) underlies establishment of NC formation, recent studies suggest a role for post‐transcriptional regulation in modulating the output of these regulatory circuits. In this study, we examined RNA‐sequencing data from avian embryos at different stages of NC development and found enrichment of Elav1 , a transcript encoding for the RNA‐binding protein HuR. Using immunohistochemical analyses we characterized the spatiotemporal expression of HuR. We observed HuR expression following the establishment of the neural plate border and upon closure of the neural tube, with an enrichment in expression coinciding with NC formation. Using antisense morpholino oligo to perturb HuR expression, we observed loss of early neural crest specifier FoxD3 and its activator Axud1 , as well as the EMT regulator Draxin . In addition, we identified several putative HuR binding sites within the predicted secondary structure of Draxin 3’UTR. RNA pulldown further showed Draxin is a specific target of HuR. Importantly, overexpression of exogenous Draxin was able to rescue NC specification defects observed in HuR knockdowns. Our results demonstrate a critical role for HuR in maintenance of cranial NC specification, at least partially via Draxin mRNA stabilization. Together, these data highlight an important intersection of post‐transcriptional regulation with modulation of the neural crest specification GRN.
Pyroelektrische Infrarotsensoren mit hoher Detektivität (2014)

Zusammenfassung Pyroelektrische Infrarotsensoren gehören zur Gruppe der thermischen Strahlungssensoren. Sie werden in sehr großen Stückzahlen in passiven Infrarot-Bewegungsmeldern, Gasanalysegeräten und Geräten zur berührungslosen Temperaturmessung eingesetzt. Der Artikel beschreibt Möglichkeiten der Detektivitätssteigerung und der Anpassung an Sensoranwendungen und gibt damit einen Überblick zum Stand der Sensorentwicklungen am Institut für Festkörperelektronik der TU Dresden. Die Arbeiten wurden in enger Zusammenarbeit mit der DIAS Infrared GmbH durchgeführt.
ELISPOT for the assessment of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha serum levels. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;On day 270 (9&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; vaccine) splenocytes from different formulations of vaccinated mice and controls were collected and analyzed by E.L.I.SPOT assay. &lt;b&gt;a,b&lt;/b&gt;) frequency of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha positive cells in prophylactic vaccinations; &lt;b&gt;c,d&lt;/b&gt;) frequency of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha positive cells in therapeutic vaccinations. These results are presented as spot-forming cells per 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; splenocytes. Spot numbers represent the mean of ten mice in each vaccinated group; bars, SE.&lt;/p&gt;
Bifunctional polypyridyl-Ru(ii) complex grafted onto gadolinium-based nanoparticles for MR-imaging and photodynamic therapy (2013)

The synthesis, optical properties and efficiency of new multifunctional nanoparticles as theranostic (fluorescence/MRI/PDT) agents are described. They are based on a polysiloxane network and surrounded by gadolinium(III) chelates and ruthenium(II) complexes. The size of the nanoparticles is maintained under 5 nm in order to permit their efficient elimination from the body. Their potential use as a theranostic agent (PDT/MRI) is described. The magnetic properties of the nanoparticles are studied by relaxometry (r1 = 9.21 mM(-1) s(-1) at 40 MHz; r2/r1 = 1.14) and the signal enhancement is validated by the acquisition of phantoms on a 3 T MRI imager. The therapeutic potential for photodynamic therapy of the nanoparticles has been studied in vitro on HEK293 cells and an effective quantum yield of 0.33 for (1)O2 production has been determined in deuterated water.
Observation of gain in a recombining H-like boron plasma (1995)

We have observed gain at 26.2 nm in a laser-produced, recombining boron plasma. We conservatively estimate the gain for the B v 3d−2p transition to be 3.7 ± 0.2 cm−1, yielding a gain–length product of 3.0. The highest value of gain was measured 400 μm from the solid target surface and was obtained with the use of a steel blade. The pump-laser power was 1.1 J in 60 ps.
A factor required for ribosome dissociation in Escherichia coli. (1968)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Low‐intensity ultrasound stimulates proteoglycan synthesis in rat chondrocytes by increasing aggrecan gene expression (1999)

We evaluated the effect of low intensity-pulsed ultrasound stimulation on rat chondrocytes in vitro using two different 1.0-MHz ultrasound signals with spatial and temporal average intensities of 50 or 120 mW/cm2. The pulses had a duration of 200 microseconds and were repeated every millisecond, with corresponding average peak-pressure amplitudes of 230 or 360 kPa, respectively. Cells were stimulated one, three, or five times for 10 minutes each day starting the third day after plating. One group of cells was exposed to sham ultrasound as a control. The cultures were evaluated for cell proliferation (by [3H]thymidine incorporation and DNA measurement), steady-state mRNA levels of alpha1(I) and alpha1(II) procollagens and aggrecan (by Northern blotting), and proteoglycan synthesis (by [35S]sulfate incorporation). The results revealed that ultrasound causes increases in the level of aggrecan mRNA (p < 0.05) and in proteoglycan synthesis (p < 0.03) after three and five treatments. Expression of mRNA for alpha1(II) procollagen increased over time, but ultrasound had no stimulatory effect. Expression of mRNA for alpha1(I) procollagen was initially low and remained unchanged with time. Although cell proliferation increased with time in both groups, there was no statistically significant difference between the cultures treated with ultrasound and the controls (p = 0.1). The in vitro results support our previous in vivo findings that low-intensity ultrasound stimulates aggrecan mRNA expression and proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes, which may explain the role of ultrasound in advancing endochondral ossification, increasing the mechanical strength of fractures, and facilitating fracture repair.
Modulatory effect of extracellular Mg2+ ions on K+ and Ca2+ currents of capillary endothelial cells from rat brain (1996)

Using whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we demonstrate that exposure of single rat brain capillary endothelial cells to different extracellular Mg2+ concentrations (0.3, 4.8 and 9.6 mM) affects the conductance of K+ and Ca2+ currents elicited under control conditions (1.2 mM). Extracellular Mg2+ concentrations ([Mg2+]o) of 4.8 and 9.6 mM reversibly depress outward K+ currents by about 30 +/- 12% (n = 10) and 34 +/- 13% (n = 10), at all activating potentials, respectively. Using identical concentrations reversibly depressed the Ca2+ current by about 40 +/- 16% (n = 8) and 46 +/- 18% (n = 6), respectively. Using a low Mg2+ concentration of 0.3 mM, the K+ current activation was unexpectedly and mildly increased by about 15 +/- 5% (n = 5), and the inward Ca2+ current was attenuated. When studying this effect of low [Mg2+]o on 'pure' Ca2+ currents, free of outward currents, we found that this inward current was depressed by about 38 +/- 16%(n = 8), and its threshold for activation, in the current-voltage relationship, was shifted to more negative potentials. It is concluded that high [Mg2+]o hinders the entry of Ca2+ through low-voltage activated Ca2+ channels and thereby attenuates a Ca2+-regulated K+ conductance. At a low [Mg2+]o (0.3 mM), Mg2+ shifts the steady-state inactivation of the voltage-activated Ca2+ channel to more negative potentials by about 8 mV (n = 6), probably due to a negative screening effect, i.e. a reduction of positive charges on the cell membrane. This may contribute to an apparent increase in K+ conductance by an, as yet, unknown mechanism.
Functional and Receptor-Based Assays for Marine Toxins (2014)

Marine toxin detection methods can be grouped into two main categories, analytical methods, which are based on the physicochemical properties of the compounds of interest, and biological methods, which include a biological component in the detection system. Regarding biological methods, two different classes should be discriminated due to their toxin detection characteristics, biochemical methods, and functional/receptor-based methods. Receptor/target-based assays use the interaction of a receptor or biological target with a toxin or group of toxins to sense their occurrence. For functional and receptor/target-based assays, there is a better chance that the result provides a good estimation of sample toxicity. Animal bioassays consist of the administration of a sample extract to an animal and observation of the appearance of toxicity signs. Target-based functional methods provide information about the modification of the activity of a biological target by the presence of the toxin of interest.
Sedimentary and diagenetic features of the Oolithe Blanche formation (Middle Jurassic): new contribution from Ca, Sr, C, O isotopic compositions (2013)

International audience
Phase I dose escalation trial of MVA-BN-PRO in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. (2013)

193 Background: MVA-BN-PRO is an investigational prostate cancer immunotherapy comprising of a highly attenuated non-replicating vaccinia virus engineered to encode prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) proteins. Preclinical studies in mouse tumor models demonstrated vaccine-mediated induction of anti-PSA and PAP specific immune responses and anti-tumor activity. Results of the open-label multi-center evaluation in subjects with non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer are presented. Methods: Eligible subjects had documented prostate cancer with a rising PSA while on androgen suppression therapy and were chemotherapy naïve. Three cohorts of subjects were immunized subcutaneously receiving either 1, 2 or 4 injections of study drug (1 injection = 1×10 8 tissue culture infectious dose, TCID 50 ) at monthly intervals for three months (treatment). If the vaccinations were tolerated, re-treatment with an additional 3 monthly vaccinations was administered at the same dose. Responders, defined as subjects with stable or declining PSA at week 29 compared with baseline, were offered a 1-year extended treatment of up to 12 monthly vaccinations. Subjects were followed for one year after their last vaccination. The primary endpoint was safety. Immune responses (humoral and cellular) to MVA-BN-PRO including the transgenes PSA and PAP were assessed by the ELISA and ELISPOT assays, respectively. Exploratory analyses included anti-tumor activity as evaluated by serum PSA levels and progression by bone scan, per investigator determined, or death. Results: Twenty-four subjects were dosed. All subjects completed the initial 3 vaccinations (treatment) and 21 subjects received 6 vaccinations (re-treatment). Seven responders received additional vaccinations during the extended treatment. No dose-limiting toxicities were reported. There were no reported ≥ Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (AE). The most common related AEs were Grade 1 or 2 general disorders and administration site reactions. Conclusions: MVA-BN-PRO was well tolerated. Results from immune analysis and clinical activity measured by PSA levels or radiological progression will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT00629057.
TTT‐cure diagram of an anhydride‐cured epoxy system including gelation, vitrification, curing kinetics model, and monitoring of the glass transition temperature (2004)

Abstract The curing reaction of an epoxy resin [diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)] combined with a methyl‐hexahydrophtalic anhydride (MHHPA) hardener and a benzyldimethylamine (BDMA) accelerator was studied over a temperature range of 60–140°C to build its isothermal time‐temperature‐transformation (TTT)–cure diagram. This includes gelation and vitrification measurements using rheological measurement techniques, monitoring of the glass transition temperature and the reaction kinetics by differential scanning calorimetry, and determination of the following critical glass transition temperatures: T g0 , Gel T g , and T g ∞ . A new curing kinetics model, based on the Sesták‐Berggren model, was developed including both chemical‐ and diffusion‐controlled stages of reaction. Then, the TTT‐cure diagram was built by numerical integration of the kinetics model, and good agreement was obtained by comparison with experimental data. Additionally, for the first time, this model takes into account the incomplete cure, which occurs when the thermosetting system is cured below its ultimate glass transition temperature, leading to a more realistic description of the cure evolution after vitrification. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1774–1787, 2004
Stacked-ring electrostatic ion guide (1996)

In 1969 Bahr, Gerlich, and Teloy introduced an rf device that consisted of a stack of ring electrodes, with charge sign alternation between neighboring rings, to store or transport ions. Here we propose to operate such a device with electrostatic potentials rather than rf potentials: ions that move axially along the center of the guide are thereby subjected to an oscillating electrical potential similar to the sinusoidal rf potential in familiar rf-only multipole ion guides. The oscillating potential of the stacked-ring static ion guide focuses ions by exerting a field gradient force on the ions so as to push ions toward the central axis where the field is weakest. The stacked-ring ion guide produces an effectively static "pseudopotential" that is much steeper at the edge (potential varies as e (r)) compared to a quadrupole or octupole guide (for which the potential varies as r (2) or r (6), where r is radial position) and that is much flatter near the center of the guide (for potentially higher ion flux). Advantages of the new ion guide include static rather than rf potential, low electrical noise, a large field-free region near the central axis of the guide, and simple mechanical construction. A disadvantage of the stacked-ring ion guide is that high ion axial kinetic energy is required; ions with axial kinetic energy that is too low may be trapped in the shallow pseudopotential well between adjacent ring electrodes.
Factors Associated with the Duration of Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea among Children in Rural Western Kenya Enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, 2008–2012 (2017)

Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of death among young children worldwide. As rates of acute diarrhea (AD; 1-6 days duration) have decreased, persistent diarrhea (PD; > 14 days duration) accounts for a greater proportion of the diarrheal disease burden. We describe factors associated with the duration of moderate-to-severe diarrhea in Kenyan children < 5 years old enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study. We found 587 (58%) children experienced AD, 360 (35%) had prolonged acute diarrhea (ProAD; 7-13 days duration), and 73 (7%) had PD. We constructed a Cox proportional hazards model to identify factors associated with diarrheal duration. Risk factors independently associated with longer diarrheal duration included infection with <i>Cryptosporidium</i> (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.868, <i>P</i> = 0.035), using an unimproved drinking water source (HR: 0.87, <i>P</i> = 0.035), and being stunted at enrollment (HR: 0.026, <i>P</i> < 0.0001). Diarrheal illness of extended duration appears to be multifactorial; given its association with adverse health and development outcomes, effective strategies should be implemented to reduce the duration and severity of diarrheal illness. Effective treatments for <i>Cryptosporidium</i> should be identified, interventions to improve drinking water are imperative, and nutrition should be improved through exclusive breastfeeding in infants ≤ 6 months and appropriate continued feeding practices for ill children.
One-Step Synthesis and Characterization of Ultrastable and Amorphous Fe3O4 Colloids Capped with Cysteine Molecules (2008)

A one-step sonochemical synthesis of a uniformly dispersed aqueous solution of amorphous Fe3O4 nanoparticles capped with dl-cysteine (cys) has been achieved. During the sonication, several processes or chemical reactions occurred: the decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5), the formation of amorphous Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the capping of the Fe3O4 with cysteine molecules, the formation of a surface chemical bond of Fe−S between Fe3O4 particles and sulfur from cysteine, and the formation of cystine by linking two cysteine molecules. These capping cystine and cysteine molecules acted both as antioxidants and stabilizers, and the capped Fe3O4 colloids could be stable as long as 3 months at room temperature. Usually, the size of the amorphous Fe3O4 nanoparticles capped with Cys was found to be 20−30 nm. The products were characterized by a number of analytical techniques, such as XRD, DSC, TGA, XPS, TEM, HRTEM, Raman Spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and spot tests.
FAMC: The MPEG-4 standard for Animated Mesh Compression (2008)

This paper presents a new compression technique for 3D dynamic meshes, referred to as FAMC - frame-based animated mesh compression, recently promoted within the MPEG-4 standard as Amendment 2 of part 16 AFX (Animation Framework extension). The heart of the method is a skinning model optimally computed from a frame-based representation and exploited for compression purposes within the framework of a motion compensation strategy. The proposed encoder offers high compression performances (gains in bitrate of 60% with respect to the previous MPEG-4 technique and of 20 to 40% with respect to state-of-the-art approaches) and is well suited for compressing both geometric and photometric attributes.
Low loss multimode polymer shuffling optical waveguide for high-density optical circuit (2017)

To realize free optical wiring patterns on printed circuit boards (PCBs), polymer shuffling optical waveguides are fabricated, in which both crossing and curved core structures are combined. The obtained GI polymer shuffling waveguides show low insertion loss independent of the crossing angle and core size. The GI-core polymer shuffling waveguide is a key device for low loss and high density on-board optical wiring.
Cloud Services Testing: An Understanding (2011)

There is a mammoth quantity of Cloud Services being deployed on the Cloud, nowadays. Everyday users and customers use these services to fulfil their needs. The use of Cloud Services is getting more and more complex with the pace of time. It is a possibility that several recurrent service requests cannot be fulfilled using just one Cloud service. Cloud services are usually composed manually, which is a time consuming and monotonous task. We can find several numbers of successful methods for automatic Cloud service composition, the main issue with that is the lack of test environment with some standards to compare and evaluate these methods. This research work is about a short survey to explore Cloud Services testing methods. This study compares several software testing researches and pose questions for further research work to find Cloud suited testing techniques for the software testers. This survey paper poses few questions to the Cloud computing research community to concentrate and find suited answers for software testing community.
ATF4 is an oxidative stress–inducible, prodeath transcription factor in neurons in vitro and in vivo (2008)

Oxidative stress is pathogenic in neurological diseases, including stroke. The identity of oxidative stress-inducible transcription factors and their role in propagating the death cascade are not well known. In an in vitro model of oxidative stress, the expression of the bZip transcription factor activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) was induced by glutathione depletion and localized to the promoter of a putative death gene in neurons. Germline deletion of ATF4 resulted in a profound reduction in oxidative stress-induced gene expression and resistance to oxidative death. In neurons, ATF4 modulates an early, upstream event in the death pathway, as resistance to oxidative death by ATF4 deletion was associated with decreased consumption of the antioxidant glutathione. Forced expression of ATF4 was sufficient to promote cell death and loss of glutathione. In ATF4(-/-) neurons, restoration of ATF4 protein expression reinstated sensitivity to oxidative death. In addition, ATF4(-/-) mice experienced significantly smaller infarcts and improved behavioral recovery as compared with wild-type mice subjected to the same reductions in blood flow in a rodent model of ischemic stroke. Collectively, these findings establish ATF4 as a redox-regulated, prodeath transcriptional activator in the nervous system that propagates death responses to oxidative stress in vitro and to stroke in vivo.