gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In situ optical coherence tomography of percutaneous implant-tissue interfaces in a murine model (2013)

Novel surface coatings of percutaneous implants need to be tested in biocompatibility studies. The use of animal models for testing usually involves numerous lethal biopsies for the analysis of the implant-tissue interface. In this study, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to monitor the reaction of the skin to a percutaneous implant in an animal model of hairless but immunocompetent mice. In vivo optical biopsies with OCT were taken at days 7 and 21 after implantation and post mortem on the day of noticeable inflammation. A Fourier-domain OCT was programmed for spoke pattern scanning schemes centered at the implant midpoint to reduce motion artifacts during in vivo imaging. Image segmentation allowed the automatic detection and morphometric analysis of the skin contour and the subcutaneous implant anchor. On the basis of the segmentation, the overall refractive index of the tissue within one OCT data set was estimated as a free parameter of a fitting algorithm, which corrects for the curved distortion of the planar implant base in the OCT images. OCT in combination with the spoke scanning scheme and image processing provided time-resolved three-dimensional optical biopsies around the implants to assess tissue morphology.
The derivation of structural usage profiles for vehicles from failure statistics (2008)

A methodology is presented to derive a statistical fatigue loading profile of the total population of users of a vehicle model, from failure data recorded on the same or a previous model. The method is based on fitting a bivariate probability density function on normalised failure data. This is radically more economic than existing methods. Reasonable accuracy could be achieved, even if the failures represent only a small fraction of the total population. The two-parameter usage profile determined in this way offers a powerful approach to predict failures or derive statistically based durability test or design requirements.
Leptin therapy in insulin-deficient type I diabetes (2010)

In nonobese diabetic mice with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes, leptin therapy alone or combined with low-dose insulin reverses the catabolic state through suppression of hyperglucagonemia. Additionally, it mimics the anabolic actions of insulin monotherapy and normalizes hemoglobin A1c with far less glucose variability. We show that leptin therapy, like insulin, normalizes the levels of a wide array of hepatic intermediary metabolites in multiple chemical classes, including acylcarnitines, organic acids (tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates), amino acids, and acyl CoAs. In contrast to insulin monotherapy, however, leptin lowers both lipogenic and cholesterologenic transcription factors and enzymes and reduces plasma and tissue lipids. The results imply that leptin administration may have multiple short- and long-term advantages over insulin monotherapy for type 1 diabetes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Application of 3′‐Amino‐Dye‐Terminators for DNA Sequencing. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A role for talin in presynaptic function (2004)

Talin, an adaptor between integrin and the actin cytoskeleton at sites of cell adhesion, was recently found to be present at neuronal synapses, where its function remains unknown. Talin interacts with phosphatidylinositol-(4)-phosphate 5-kinase type Igamma, the major phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P(2)]-synthesizing enzyme in brain. To gain insight into the synaptic role of talin, we microinjected into the large lamprey axons reagents that compete the talin-PIP kinase interaction and then examined their effects on synaptic structure. A dramatic decrease of synaptic actin and an impairment of clathrin-mediated synaptic vesicle endocytosis were observed. The endocytic defect included an accumulation of clathrin-coated pits with wide necks, as previously observed after perturbing actin at these synapses. Thus, the interaction of PIP kinase with talin in presynaptic compartments provides a mechanism to coordinate PI(4,5)P(2) synthesis, actin dynamics, and endocytosis, and further supports a functional link between actin and clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Sub-surface imaging by combining airborne SAR and GPR: application to water detection in arid zones (2002)

We investigate the penetration capabilities of microwaves, particularly L-band, for the mapping of sub-surface moisture. The experiment site is the Pyla dune, a bare sandy area allowing high signal penetration and presenting large subsurface wet structures (paleosoils) at varying depths. The SAR penetration depth is estimated by inverting a scattering model for which the sub-surface structure geometric and dielectric properties are determined by the GPR data analysis. We observed a specific phase difference between HH and VV channels, due to a wet layer covered by dry sand. Our results suggest that airborne radar systems in a lower frequency range (P-band) should be able to detect sub-surface moisture down to at least ten meters.
Fabrication of Micro-Pyramidal Probe Array with Aperture for Near-Field Optical Memory Applications (2000)

A new optical memory system is urgently required to realize high memory capacity and fast data transfer rates in the coming multimedia era. To overcome the current capacity barrier of far-field techniques, a novel near-field optical memory of evanescent wave has been proposed using a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) probe array, consisting of the VCSEL array as a light source and the micro-pyramidal probe array as an evanescent wave exit. The design and fabrication for the aperture probe array were developed in this research. An array of up to 10,000 pieces was prepared successfully using microfabrication processes, including photolithography, silicon wet etching, thermal oxidation and thin film deposition. The pyramidal probes in the array show little variation in size and are sufficiently sharp to apply to the near-field recording head. The probe tip has a small size of 100 nm and the aperture has a diameter of around 150 nm. A smaller aperture can be fabricated with more careful control of the experimental procedures, including the etching process and thermal wet oxidation.
Perfluorocarbon induces alveolar epithelial cell response through structural and mechanical remodeling (2018)

During total liquid ventilation, lung cells are exposed to perfluorocarbon (PFC) whose chemophysical properties highly differ from standard aqueous cell feeding medium (DMEM). We herein perform a systematic study of structural and mechanical properties of A549 alveolar epithelial cells in order to characterize their response to PFC exposure, using DMEM as control condition. Changes in F-actin structure, focal adhesion density and glycocalyx distribution are evaluated by confocal fluorescent microscopy. Changes in cell mechanics and adhesion are measured by multiscale magnetic twisting cytometry (MTC). Two different microrheological models (single Voigt and power law) are used to analyze the cell mechanics characterized by cytoskeleton (CSK) stiffness and characteristic relaxation times. Cell-matrix adhesion is analyzed using a stochastic multibond deadhesion model taking into account the non-reversible character of the cell response, allowing us to quantify the adhesion weakness and the number of associated bonds. The roles of F-actin structure and glycocalyx layer are evaluated by depolymerizing F-actin and degrading glycocalyx, respectively. Results show that PFC exposure consistently induces F-actin remodeling, CSK softening and adhesion weakening. These results demonstrate that PFC triggers an alveolar epithelial cell response herein evidenced by a decay in intracellular CSK tension, an adhesion weakening and a glycocalyx layer redistribution. These PFC-induced cell adjustments are consistent with the hypothesis that cells respond to a decrease in adhesion energy at cell surface. This adhesion energy can be even further reduced in the presence of surfactant adsorbed at the cell surface.
General framework for removal of clock network pessimism (2002)

The paper presents a simple yet powerful general theoretical framework and efficient implementation for removal of clock network timing pessimism. We address pessimism in static timing analysis (STA) tools caused by considering delay variation along common segments of clock paths. The STA tools compute setup (hold) timing slack based on conservative combinations of late (early) launching and early (late) capturing arrival times. To avoid exponential-time path-based analysis the STA tools use both early and late arrival times on gates common to both launching and capturing paths. It is impossible in real circuit and is observed as the clock network pessimism in STA. Our approach supports any kind of delay variation though the typical causes of the pessimism are process, voltage, and temperature on-chip variation, and reconvergence in clock network. We propose a new theoretical framework that allows to apply known graph algorithms instead of time consuming forward and backward multi-pass tracing algorithms and heuristics that are limited to some network topologies [4]. The new graph-based framework supports clock networks of virtually any size and type, e.g., tree, mesh, hybrid, clock gating, chains of multipliers and dividers, loops in such chains, etc. The implementation based on the proposed framework has proven its strength in a commercial sign-off static timing analyzer and thus is helping hundreds of designers to achieve faster clock speeds of their chips.
A summary of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Canada (1984)

Paralytic shellfish poisoning occurs along both the east and west coasts of Canada. Since 1973 there have been more than 300 documented cases of paralytic shellfish poisoning, resulting in about 35 deaths. Causative dinoflagellates include Gonyaulax catenella, G. acatenella and G. excavata. Details are given of shellfish contamination, toxic blooms patterns, toxicity monitoring, impact on shellfish industry and detoxification.
A linear CMOS SOI SP14T antenna switch for cellular applications (2012)

A high-power low-loss antenna switch is designed and fabricated in a 180nm SOI CMOS process. The RF switch is intended for mobile front ends which cover Quad band GSM and multiple WCDMA and LTE bands. The prototype SP14T has demonstrated a 0.1dB compression point of 28dBm at all cellular bands. The low loss and high linearity are made possible by the distributed RF architecture along with the on-chip multiple domain voltage generation which includes a negative voltage generator. The low loss, high dynamic range and superior isolation of this switch makes it an ideal candidate for next generation smart phones.
Detection of potential AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump inhibitor in calyces extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (2017)

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate occurrence of potential efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) against AcrAB-TolC efflux pump in the methanol extract of H. sabdariffa. Materials and Methods: Calyces of H. sabdariffa were purchased from the local market in April 2014, methanol extract of H. sabdariffa was subjected to agar plate diffusion against Escherichia coli TG1 and its ∆acrB-∆tolC and thin layer chromatography (TLC) bioassay. The corresponding EPI fraction was eluted by methanol. The synergistic effect of antimicrobials and EPI fraction was measured by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination for E. coli and Erwinia amylovora strains, and the ability of EPI fraction to enhance EtBr accumulation was conducted. Results: E. coli TG1 was more sensitive to the methanol extracts of H. sabdariffa than E. coli ∆acrB-∆tolC, and inhibition zone corresponding to flavones on TLC bioassay plate has been formed which might be related to the fraction of potential EPI. The MIC values revealed that EPI fraction enhanced the activity of the used antimicrobials by 4 to 8 folds in E. coli TG1 and by 4 to 10 folds in E. amylovora 1189. Addition of EPI fraction in a dose-dependent manner increased the intercellular accumulation of Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) in the wild type stains of E. coli TG1 and E. amylovora 1189. Conclusion: EPI fraction behaves like a multidrug efflux pump inhibitor and further investigation should be conducted for determination of the chemical structure of EPI fraction.
Metal-organic framework and inorganic glass composites (2020)

Metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses have become a subject of interest as a distinct category of melt quenched glass, and have potential applications in areas such as ion transport and sensing. In this paper we show how MOF glasses can be combined with inorganic glasses in order to fabricate a new family of materials composed of both MOF and inorganic glass domains. We use an array of experimental techniques to propose the bonding between inorganic and MOF domains, and show that the composites produced are more mechanically pliant than the inorganic glass itself.
Destabilizing Protein Polymorphisms in the Genetic Background Direct Phenotypic Expression of Mutant SOD1 Toxicity (2009)

Genetic background exerts a strong modulatory effect on the toxicity of aggregation-prone proteins in conformational diseases. In addition to influencing the misfolding and aggregation behavior of the mutant proteins, polymorphisms in putative modifier genes may affect the molecular processes leading to the disease phenotype. Mutations in SOD1 in a subset of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases confer dominant but clinically variable toxicity, thought to be mediated by misfolding and aggregation of mutant SOD1 protein. While the mechanism of toxicity remains unknown, both the nature of the SOD1 mutation and the genetic background in which it is expressed appear important. To address this, we established a Caenorhabditis elegans model to systematically examine the aggregation behavior and genetic interactions of mutant forms of SOD1. Expression of three structurally distinct SOD1 mutants in C. elegans muscle cells resulted in the appearance of heterogeneous populations of aggregates and was associated with only mild cellular dysfunction. However, introduction of destabilizing temperature-sensitive mutations into the genetic background strongly enhanced the toxicity of SOD1 mutants, resulting in exposure of several deleterious phenotypes at permissive conditions in a manner dependent on the specific SOD1 mutation. The nature of the observed phenotype was dependent on the temperature-sensitive mutation present, while its penetrance reflected the specific combination of temperature-sensitive and SOD1 mutations. Thus, the specific toxic phenotypes of conformational disease may not be simply due to misfolding/aggregation toxicity of the causative mutant proteins, but may be defined by their genetic interactions with cellular pathways harboring mildly destabilizing missense alleles.
Coordination modes of polydentate ligands. 1. Template synthesis of complexes of nickel(2+), copper(2+), and cobalt(2+) with pentadentate and hexadentate ligands: structure of a highly distorted six-coordinate cobalt(2+) complex (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoordination modes of polydentate ligands. 1. Template synthesis of complexes of nickel(2+), copper(2+), and cobalt(2+) with pentadentate and hexadentate ligands: structure of a highly distorted six-coordinate cobalt(2+) complexEdward Konefal, Stephen J. Loeb, Douglas W. Stephan, and Christopher J. WillisCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 5, 538–545Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00173a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00173a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Segmentation of yeast DNA using hidden Markov models (1999)

The algorithms were applied to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes (YC) I, III, IV, VI and IX. The optimal number of HMM states is found to be four. The optimal four-state HMMs for all chromosomes are very similar, as well as the reconstructed segmentations. In most cases the models with k + 1 states are obtained by 'splitting' one of the states in the model with k states, and the corresponding increase of the level of detail in segmentation. The high AT states usually correspond to intergenic regions. We also explore the model's likelihood landscape and analyze the dynamics of the optimization process, thus addressing the problem of reliability of the obtained optima and efficiency of the algorithms.
An algorithm for model based recognition of objects using range maps (1987)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/5188/5/bac2961.0001.001.pdf
Understanding Laccase–Ionic Liquid Interactions toward Biocatalytic Lignin Conversion in Aqueous Ionic Liquids (2019)

Lignin is a crucial component of plant matter; however, it is also largely responsible for the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass when subjected to pretreatment processes. Lignin is generated in large volumes as a waste product from paper and pulping industry as well as cellulosic biorefineries. As a result, lignin valorization is critical to the successful implementation of cellulosic biofuels. To this end, we investigated interactions between three ionic liquids (ILs) and the lignolytic enzyme laccase toward biocatalytic lignin conversion to aromatic monomers. Laccase exhibited minimal loss of activity in 10% diethylamine hydrogensulfate ([DEA][HSO4]). Changes in Vmax and Km of laccase with respect to IL concentration indicate that [DEA][HSO4] is a noncompetitive inhibitor, whereas cholinium lysinate ([Ch][Lys]) and [C2C1Im][OAc] are mixed inhibitors. Docking simulations suggested that [Ch][Lys] and [C2C1Im][OAc] disrupt residues leading to the active site. Experiments with a β-O-4′ linked model dimer revealed that laccase in [C2C1Im][OAc] and [Ch][Lys] requires the presence of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) to oxidize the β-O-4′ linkage, leading to polymerization of the model dimer. Alkaline lignin treated with laccase, ABTS, and the aqueous ILs (AILs) showed few structural changes, although the lignin was partially solubilized and converted to degradation products. The major products obtained from alkaline lignin were vanillin, acetosyringone, syringaldehyde, and acetovanillone. The results of this study provide, for the first time, an in-depth explanation of the interactions between laccase and AILs for the purpose of lignin valorization.
Coupling solid oxide electrolyser (SOE) and ammonia production plant (2015)

Solid Oxide Electrolyser (SOE), can operate with high efficiency as hydrogen produce using renewable energy coming from renewable energy source (RES). This technology can be integrated in many industrial plant reducing the requirement of traditional fossil sources and increasing the sustainability of the process. In addition, if an heat source is available at high temperature, SOE get additional advantage in terms of efficiency. This study presents the integration of a SOE in an ammonia synthesis plant evaluating the advantages that can be achieved in terms of environmental benefits.
Multidimensional anatomy of ‘modern type depression’ in Japan: A proposal for a different diagnostic approach to depression beyond the DSM‐5 (2015)

Japan's prototype of depression was traditionally a melancholic depression based on the premorbid personality known as shūchaku-kishitsu proposed by Mitsuzo Shimoda in the 1930s. However, since around 2000, a novel form of depression has emerged among Japanese youth. Called 'modern type depression (MTD)' by the mass media, the term has quickly gained popularity among the general public, though it has not been regarded as an official medical term. Likewise, lack of consensus guidelines for its diagnosis and treatment, and a dearth of scientific literature on MTD has led to confusion when dealing with it in clinical practice in Japan. In this review article, we summarize and discuss the present situation and issues regarding MTD by focusing on historical, diagnostic, psychosocial, and cultural perspectives. We also draw on international perspectives that begin to suggest that MTD is a phenomenon that may exist not only in Japan but also in many other countries with different sociocultural and historical backgrounds. It is therefore of interest to establish whether MTD is a culture-specific phenomenon in Japan or a syndrome that can be classified using international diagnostic criteria as contained in the ICD or the DSM. We propose a novel diagnostic approach for depression that addresses MTD in order to combat the current confusion about depression under the present diagnostic systems.