gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The evolution of metadata from standards to semantics in E-learning applications (2006)

Metadata attempts to describe the content, format, purpose and structure of data. Over the past few years, the IEEE-LOM standard has dominated the metadata world in e-learning applications. However, with the advent of the Semantic Web, e-learning applications are beginning to evolve their metadata representation from these standards by adding semantic structure or by converting entirely to semantic representations of structure. This shift enables the implementation of a range of new tools which can reason over the metadata, providing added value from the stored data. This review paper summarizes this evolution of metadata used in e-learning applications from standards to semantic representation.
CYCLIC EIGHT-STATE R-MATRIX RELATED TO Uq(sl(3)) ALGEBRA AT q2 = -1 (1991)

Using an eight-state cyclic L-operator related to the U q ( sl (3)) algebra at q 2 = -1 we have found an interwining eight-state R-matrix in the "trigonometric" limit. Corresponding commuting family of transfer matrices depends on three independent spectral parameters.
Fast Cycled Magnet Demonstrator Program at CERN: Instrumentation and Measurement Campaign (2013)

In an effort to develop economical magnets for an upgrade of the LHC injector complex, CERN started an R&D program on superconducting Fast Cycled Magnets (FCM) in 2009. One of the challenges in this program was to develop a test station, which started working in summer 2012 when the FCM dipole demonstrator was tested. The magnet contains several important features, like forced-flow cooling of supercritical He and it has a protection scheme based direct voltage measurement with co-wound voltage tap wires. In this paper we report on the cryogenic and powering requirements and operation, the quench protection system, the temperature and mechanical measurements. The functioning of the test station and instrumentation are evaluated and we will discuss the measurements on a detailed level.
Reducing test time for 3D-ICs by improved utilization of test elevators (2014)

A highly efficient test compression scheme for 3D-ICs is proposed, which uses sequential linear decompressors local to each core. The compressed test data is brought from the tester over the test access mechanism (TAM) to the cores where they are decompressed. The idea is to provide flexibility in the utilization of the free variables (i.e., bits stored on the tester that can be assigned 0 or 1), so that the free variables that are not used in one core can be used to encode test cubes in other cores. The decompressors are daisy-chained, such that some of the free variables brought in to one decompressor are passed on to the other decompressors. Consequently, the free variables are also shared with the decompressors in other layers. This enables better utilization of free variables, since free variables not used in one decompressor can be used by any of the other decompressors with which they are shared. The encoding efficiency improves considerably when the free variables are shared with other cores. This reduces test time and tester storage without any additional control. In addition, this architecture also minimizes the number of test elevators required to transfer the test data across layers. The scan chains driven by a decompressor are local to the layer in which the decompressor is present. Hence, only the input to the decompressor, i.e., the compressed test data, is transferred across layers, which reduces the number of test elevators. Furthermore, it is also shown how the number of through-silicon-vias (TSVs)can be reduced further by implementing a test data serializer in the sending layer driving the TSVs and a deserializer converting the serialized data from the TSVs back to the original form.
Electrochemical Quantized Capacitance Charging of Surface Ensembles of Gold Nanoparticles (1999)

Quantized double layer capacitance charging is observed for monolayers of nanometer-sized monolayer protected gold clusters (Au MPCs) anchored to macroscopic gold electrodes. The clusters were anchored in two ways. One method involves ligand place-exchange binding of an MPC covered with a butanethiolate monolayer to a preformed, self-assembled monolayer of 4,4‘-thiobisbenzenethiol (TBBT) on Au. In the second method, an MPC with a mixed TBBT/heptanethiolate monolayer is prepared; this surface-reactive cluster anchors itself onto a gold electrode surface. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) of these MPC monolayers displays a succession of current peaks whose regular spacing on the potential axis is similar to that in DPV of solutions of the same, nonanchored MPCs. AC impedance measurements of the MPC monolayers show capacitance undulations that mirror the DPV results.
Postdetection diversity reception of QDPSK signals under frequency selective Rayleigh fading (2002)

Bit error rate (BER) performance improvements achieved by the use of postdetection diversity with selection combining for Nyquist raised cosine filtered quadrature differential phase shift keying (QDPSK) signal transmissions in frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels are investigated. Theoretical analysis shows that diversity reception can significantly increase the maximum bit rate. If an average BER of 10/sup -4/ is required, a five-fold increase in the tolerable normalized RMS delay spread (RMS delay spread X symbol rate) is possible by using simple two-branch diversity reception. The effects the Nyquist filter roll-off factor have on average BER are also analyzed to show that average BER can be reduced at the cost of a slightly increased bandwidth. Laboratory and field experimental results that support these theoretical results are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Constructions and existence of tight fusion frames (2009)

Fusion frames are an emerging topic of frame theory, with applications to communications and distributed processing. However, until recently, little was known about the existence of tight fusion frames, much less how to construct them. We discuss a new method for constructing tight fusion frames which is akin to playing Tetris with the spectrum of the frame operator. When combined with some easily obtained necessary conditions, these Spectral Tetris constructions provide a near complete characterization of the existence of tight fusion frames.
Design and optimization of dielectric barrier discharge microplasma stamps (2008)

Microplasma stamps based upon the principle of dielectric barrier discharges are applied to a new type of area-selective surface modification process at atmospheric pressure. This process integrates the surface treatment and lateral microstructuring within one process step. For this purpose the plasma is ignited in cavities which are formed temporarily by compressing the microplasma stamp and the substrate to be treated. In this work we compare different microplasma stamp designs with the objective of minimizing the ignition voltage to the smallest possible value. Several experiments with regard to the ignition voltage have been conducted, operating in air at atmospheric pressure with medium frequency excitation (33 kHz). They contrast the influence of different types of electrical contacts as well as different electrode types and cavity sizes (diameter 100-500 µm) on the ignition voltage. Furthermore the influence of different substrates to be treated and the compression force have been analysed.
Techniques for Accelerating Recovery of AsphaltEmulsion Residues at 60°C by Using Thin FilmProcedures and Test Methods Suited to the Limited Amount ofResidue Obtained to Characterize the Recovered Binder (2014)

Typical procedures to recover residues from asphalt emulsions require a distillation to 260°C + 5°C (500°F) followed by a 15-min hold at that temperature (ASTM D6997). This procedure has served the emulsion industry well for many years, but the advent of polymer modified emulsion (PME) more than 20 years ago lead to modifications of the standard distillation procedure. The realization that some polymers are degraded by the high-temperature distillation procedure and the subsequent loss of the elastomeric properties for which the emulsions were originally produced has resulted in the development over the years of several alternate procedures to obtain the asphalt emulsion residues in an ongoing effort to obtain residues that more closely match those of the base asphalt and especially do not result in the reduction of the elastomeric properties of the emulsion residue. The information reported in this paper utilizes a variant on existing procedures by heating a thin emulsion film at 60°C (140°F) but employing a vacuum (88- to 114-mm Hg pressure, 12 to 15 kPa) for 3 h to obtain the residue. Comparison testing of residues so obtained to base asphalt properties is disclosed showing generally little degradation or stiffening of residues compared to the base binder. Further testing using a newly developed 4-mm dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test procedure enables determination of the low-temperature PG grade of the emulsion residue without the need of obtaining the quantity of binder needed to perform a conventional bending beam rheometer test on the residue. Also reported in this paper is a novel emulsion residue recovery procedure using a DSR to break, cure and test the emulsion residue stiffness and elasticity (where appropriate) in a single continuous process.
Measuring sub-nm adsorbed water layer thickness and desorption rate using a fused-silica whispering-gallery microresonator (2014)

We report an optical method for measuring the thickness of the water layer adsorbed onto the surface of a high-Q fused-silica microresonator. Light from a tunable diode laser operating near 1550 nm is coupled into the microresonator to excite whispering-gallery modes (WGMs). By observing thermal distortion or even bistability of the WGM resonances caused by absorption in the water layer, the contribution of that absorption to the total loss is determined. Thereby, the thickness of the water layer is found to be ∼0.1 nm (approximately one monolayer). This method is further extended to measure the desorption rate of the adsorbed water, which is roughly exponential with a decay time of ∼40 h when the fused-silica microresonator is held in a vacuum chamber at low pressure.
Supplementary Figure S3 from PI3K/mTOR Dual Inhibitor VS-5584 Preferentially Targets Cancer Stem Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3. Preferential targeting of Side Population (SP) CSCs in NCI-H69 cells by VS-5584.&lt;/p&gt;
Unusual occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in myasthenia gravis (2012)

Myasthenic manifestations are reported in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (1). Occurrence of clinical and electrophysiological features of myasthenia was reported in a patient wit...
A new wireless underground network system for continuous monitoring of soil water contents (2009)

A new stand‐alone wireless embedded network system has been developed recently for continuous monitoring of soil water contents at multiple depths. This paper presents information on the technical aspects of the system, including the applied sensor technology, the wireless communication protocols, the gateway station for data collection, and data transfer to an end user Web page for disseminating results to targeted audiences. Results from the first test of the network system are presented and discussed, including lessons learned so far and actions to be undertaken in the near future to improve and enhance the operability of this innovative measurement approach.
Evaluation of Performance Loss Methods for High-Speed Engines and Engine Components (1997)

A comparative study of high-speed engine performance assessment techniques based on exergy (available work) and thrust potential (thrust availability) is summarized. Simple one-dimensional  ow elds utilizing Rayleigh heat addition and friction are used to demonstrate the inability of conventional exergy techniques to predict engine component performance, aid in component design, or accurately assess  ow losses. The thrust-based method yields useful information in all of these categories for these  ows. The conventional de nition of exergy includes work that is inherently unavailable to an aerospace Brayton engine. An engine-based exergy is developed that accurately accounts for this inherently unavailable work; performance parameters based on this quantity yield design and loss information identical to the thrustbased method.
Magnetostriction of Ni/sub 2/MnGa in low and intermediate temperature phases (2005)

The magnetostriction of low and intermediate temperature phases of a single crystal of Ni/sub 2/MnGa alloy is studied. The single crystal was prepared by the Bridgman method. The magnetization and strain measurement, and the thermal analysis is performed using VSM, gauge and DSC method, respectively. The results suggest that the magnetostriction change is caused by phonon softening before the martensitic transformation.
The majority of yeast UPF1 co-localizes with polyribosomes in the cytoplasm. (1995)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the UPF1 protein is required for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, the accelerated turnover of mRNAs containing a nonsense mutation. Several lines of evidence suggest that translation plays an important role in the mechanism of nonsense mRNA decay, including a previous report that nonsense mRNAs assemble in polyribosomes. In this study we show that UPF1 and ribosomal protein L1 co-localize in the cytoplasm and that UPF1 co-sediments with polyribosomes. To detect UPF1, three copies of the influenza hemagglutinin epitope were placed at the C-terminus. The tagged protein, UPF1-3EP, retains 86% (+/- 5%) of function. Using immunological detection, we found that UPF1-3EP is primarily cytoplasmic and was not detected either in the nucleus or in the mitochondrion. UPF1-3EP and L1 co-distributed with polyribosomes fractionated in a 7-47% sucrose gradient. The sucrose sedimentation profiles for UPF1-3EP and L1 exhibited similar changes using three different sets of conditions that altered the polyribosome profile. When polyribosomes were disaggregated, UPF1-3EP and L1 accumulated in fractions coincident with 80S ribosomal particles. These results suggest that UPF1-3EP associates with polyribosomes. L3 and S3 mRNAs, which code for ribosomal proteins of the 60S and 40S ribosomal subunits, respectively, were on average about 100-fold more abundant than UPF1 mRNA. Assuming that translation rates for L3, S3, and UPF1 mRNA are similar, this result suggests that there are far fewer UPF1 molecules than ribosomes per cell. Constraints imposed by the low UPF1 abundance on the functional relationships between UPF1, polyribosomes, and nonsense mRNA turnover are discussed.
A Field Study of Modellers at Work (2015)

Knowing the impact in real settings of a software development approach is beneficial to both the industry and the research community. In this paper, we report on a field study we conducted at General Motors with the intent of understanding whether the organization was achieving some of the intended benefits of introducing a model-driven approach to software engineering. This study involved both observations and interviews. We found that several factors are still limiting the productivity increase claimed by MDE.
Expression and Purification of an Active Form of the Mycobacterium leprae DNA Gyrase and Its Inhibition by Quinolones (2007)

Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, is noncultivable in vitro; therefore, evaluation of antibiotic activity against M. leprae relies mainly upon the mouse footpad system, which requires at least 12 months before the results become available. We have developed an in vitro assay for studying the activities of quinolones against the DNA gyrase of M. leprae. We overexpressed in Escherichia coli the M. leprae GyrA and GyrB subunits separately as His-tagged proteins by using a pET plasmid carrying the gyrA and gyrB genes. The soluble 97.5-kDa GyrA and 74.5-kDa GyrB subunits were purified by nickel chelate chromatography and were reconstituted as an enzyme with DNA supercoiling activity. Based on the drug concentrations that inhibited DNA supercoiling by 50% or that induced DNA cleavage by 25%, the 13 quinolones tested clustered into three groups. Analysis of the quinolone structure-activity relationship demonstrates that the most active quinolones against M. leprae DNA gyrase share the following structural features: a substituted carbon at position 8, a cyclopropyl substituent at N-1, a fluorine at C-6, and a substituent ring at C-7. We conclude that the assays based on DNA supercoiling inhibition and drug-induced DNA cleavage on purified M. leprae DNA gyrase are rapid, efficient, and safe methods for the screening of quinolone derivatives with potential in vivo activities against M. leprae.
The Role of Party Affiliation, Lobbying, and Electoral Incentives in Decentralized US State Support of the Environment (2020)

This article investigates the influence of lobbying, electoral incentives, and US state governors’ party affiliation on environmental expenditures. A theoretical framework is presented, emphasizing the potential impact of lobbying from interest groups on environmental policies. The major causal link for environmental expenditures depends on the governor’s political preferences. Implementing a regression discontinuity design (RDD), we identify and estimate the causal effect of state governors on the level of environmental expenditures. We test whether governors tend to deviate from their own political preferences when facing pressures from polluting lobbies and electoral incentives from environmental organizations. The empirical results reveal that, when Democratic governors are in charge, environmental expenditures are, on average, higher. However, in oil-abundant states, and/or in states where polluting industries are economically important, Democratic politicians tend to allocate fewer resources to environmental preservation, suggesting that political pressure from lobbying groups matters.
Intrinsic terahertz plasmon signatures in chemical vapour deposited graphene (2013)

Plasmonic resonance at terahertz (THz) frequencies can be achieved by gating graphene grown via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) to a high carrier concentration. THz time domain spectroscopy of such gated monolayer graphene shows resonance features around 1.6 THz, which appear as absorption peaks when the graphene is electrostatically p-doped and change to enhanced transmission when the graphene is n-doped. Superimposed on the Drude-like frequency response of graphene, these resonance features are related to the inherent poly-crystallinity of CVD graphene. An understanding of these features is necessary for the development of future THz optical elements based on CVD graphene.
Voltage controlled exchange energies of a two-electron silicon double quantum dot with and without charge defects in the dielectric (2012)

Quantum dots are artificial atoms used for a multitude of purposes. Charge defects are commonly present and can significantly perturb the designed energy spectrum and purpose of the dots. Voltage controlled exchange energy in silicon double quantum dots (DQDs) represents a system that is very sensitive to charge position and is of interest for quantum computing. We calculate the energy spectrum of the silicon double quantum dot system using a full configuration interaction that uses tight-binding single-particle wave functions. This approach allows us to analyze atomic scale charge perturbations of the DQD while accounting for the details of the complex momentum space physics of silicon (i.e., valley and valley-orbit physics). We analyze how the energy levels and exchange curves for a DQD are affected by nearby charge defects at various positions relative to the dot, which are consistent with defects expected in the metal-oxide-semiconductor system.
High‐Resolution 1H‐NMR Spectroscopy of Free and Glycosidically Linked O‐ Acetylated Sialic Acids (1982)

A number of naturally occurring and synthetic, partially O-acetylated derivatives of N-acetylneuraminic and N-glycoloylneuraminic acids have been investigated by 360-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. O-Acetylation causes strong downfield shifts for the resonances of neighbouring sugar-skeleton protons. The chemical shifts of these resonances, together with their characteristic multiplet shapes, can be used for localisation of the position of O-acetyl substituents in the molecule. The number of such substituents in the molecule can be inferred from the number of acetyl-methyl singlets, which also have characteristic resonance positions. This method for determination of the number and position of O-acetyl substituents in sialic acid residues is very powerful for structural analysis of underivatized carbohydrate chains derived from glycoconjugates. This is demonstrated for the oligosaccharide N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminosyl-(alpha 2 leads to 3)-lactose isolated from echidna milk.
221. Spermine-Grafted Hyaluronic Acid as Multifunctional Coating of the Plasmid/Polycation Complex for Protection, Targeting, and Transcriptional Activation (2005)

A variety of DNA/polycation complex have been explored as synthetic vectors. However, the surface of the DNA complex is usually positively charged, and undesirable interaction with blood components has been a problem especially for in vivo gene therapy. We reported that hyaluronic acid (HA) could coat the DNA/polycation complexes and effectively protect them from the non-specific interactions. Moreover, HA worked as a ligand for malignant cells expressing CD44, a receptor for HA.
Relativistic Quasilinear Description of Three-Dimensional Diffusion (2009)

Quasilinear theory is developed by using canonical variables for a relativistic plasma. It is self-consistent, including momentum, pitch angle, and spatial diffusions. By assuming the wave field as a superposition of known toroidal and poloidal Fourier modes, the quasilinear diffusion coefficients are written in a form which can be directly evaluated using the output of a spectral full-wave solver of Maxwell equations in toroidal plasmas. The formalism is special for tokamas and, therefore, simple and suitable for simulations of cyclotron heating, current drive, and radio-frequency wave-induced radial transport in ITER.