gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modular low temperature laser scanning microscope for high magnetic fields (2002)

A Low Temperature Laser Scanning Microscope (LTLSM) for use in magnetic fields up to 5 T in a temperature range from 10 K to 300 K is described. An important feature of the LTLSM is an optical performance (2 μm laser spot diameter, 250 μm×250 μm scanning field size) which is independent from sample temperature or applied magnetic field. The modular concept of the LTLSM consists of a magnet cryostat with a horizontal warm bore into which a room temperature laser scanning microscope (LSM) and an optical continuous flow cryostat for sample cooling can be inserted. This concept ensures a sample temperature independent hold time of the cryogenic magnet system (∼14 hours) and sample exchange without warming up the cryogenic magnet system. Furthermore, it allows further improvement and convenient replacement of all of its components.
AN EVALUATION METHOD FOR REGIONAL SALES POWER OF MASS-PRODUCED GOODS AND ITS APPLICATIONS (1981)

本論文は、企業の販売計画・戦略策定の基礎となる製品の市場における販売面から見た力(ここでは「地域別販売力」と呼ぶ)の評価方式の開発を目的としたものであり、その考え方と適用事例の紹介である。本方式は、不特定多数の顧客を持つ量産品を適用対象とし、ある企業の地域別販売力を、ある特定時点での市場での支配力を示す「地域別市場占有力」と、2時点間の市場占有力の時間的変化を示す「地域別販売成長力」との両面から定義している。地域別市場占有力の推定にあたっては、アンケート調査等で実際の市場を直接調査する方法ではな=く、社内で入手できる基礎的データと官公庁によって公表される一般的データを使用している。使用するデータは、(1)当該企業の地域別売上高、(2)その製品の地域別市場規模を示すと考えられる市場指数が用いられているが、当該企業。当該製品の全国シェアが想定できるかどうかによって、地域別販売力の推定方法を変えている。市場指数を用いて市場での自社の力を評価する方法は、市場指数と自社の地域別売上高とを単純に比較するという形で、現在も多くの企業で用いられているが、本論文では、その考え方の構造を分析し、これにシェアと時系列の概念を導入して企業における実用性の拡大を図っている。本方式は、これ迄に幾つもの商品に適用されているが、評価手順が四則演算を中心としたアルゴリズムであるため理解し易いことや、評価のための費用があまりかからないことなどから、実務への定着化が進んでいる。また、本方式の各種計算は、プログラム化されている。本評価方式の適用により、これまで観念的に策定されていた販売計画・戦略へ定量的概念が導入されるとともに、策定作業の合理化を図ることができる。
Innovative Approach to Metal Matrix Composites Film by Tape Casting Process (2007)

The improved reliability and lifetime of electronic devices are important issues in packaging due to the increasing miniaturization of components in modern devices. Electron industry is therefore looking for the new adaptive materials such as metal matrix composites materials which present high thermal conductivity, low coefficient thermal expansion. This paper introduces the original process of elaboration of the metal matrix films by tape casting process and hot pressing.
FACE-GRAB: Face recognition with General Region Assigned to Binary operator (2010)

Face recognition in unconstrained environments is one of the most challenging problems in biometrics. One vexing problem in unconstrained environments is that of scale; a face captured at large distances is considerably harder to recognize than the same face at small distances. Several methods have been proposed to tackle unconstrained face recognition in a robust fashion, including face descriptors such as LBP and its many variations, of which some are less sensitive to scale variations than others. In this paper, we present a novel operator called General Region Assigned to Binary (GRAB), developed as a generalization of LBP. We demonstrate its performance for face recognition in both constrained and unconstrained environments and across multiple scales. Unlike prior work, the GRAB descriptor accounts for multiple scales and resolutions through the size and choice of its neighborhood and is evaluated with respect to varying scales. We show that GRAB significantly outperforms LBP in cases of reduced scale on subsets of two well-known published datasets of FERET and LFW, introducing useful subsets of these datasets for recognition system evaluation.
Management and Reconstruction of a Massive Neonatal Neck Teratoma (2020)

Cervical teratoma is a rare tumor comprised of multiple tissue types. These masses can result in significant functional and aesthetic complications, and surgical intervention is the mainstay of treatment. The authors report the treatment and 8-year follow-up of a patient born with a massive cervicofacial teratoma. The mass was diagnosed in utero and required perinatal airway management. The patient underwent several procedures to enhance his appearance and function early on in life with an excellent outcome at intermediate follow-up.
Analysis and prediction of daily physical activity level data using autoregressive integrated moving average models (2009)

Results are provided on predicting daily physical activity level (PAL) data from past data of participants of a physical activity lifestyle program aimed at promoting a healthier lifestyle consisting of more physical exercise. The PAL data quantifies the level of a person’s daily physical activity and reflects the daily energy expenditure of this person. In this wellbeing program, a mobile body-worn activity monitor with a built-in triaxial accelerometer was used to record the PAL data of an individual for a period of 13 weeks. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were employed to predict future PAL data of every next week. This paper proposes a categorized-ARIMA (CARIMA) prediction method which achieves a large reduction in computation time without significant loss in prediction accuracy compared with the traditional ARIMA. In the current method, PAL data were categorized as being stationary, trend or seasonal via assessing their autocorrelation functions. The most appropriate ARIMA model for these three categories was automatically selected by applying the objective penalty function criterion. The results show that our CARIMA method performed well in terms of PAL prediction accuracy (~9% mean absolute percentage error), model parsimony and robustness.
Advances in AlGaInN blue and ultraviolet light emitters (2002)

In this paper, we discuss the current status and the considerable challenges for extending the nitride light sources into deeper ultraviolet (UV). We also review recent progress in exploratory blue and near UV III-nitride light emitters, such as vertical cavity devices and dual-wavelength light-emitting diodes, which may provide useful device templates for applications in the deeper UV.
A revocable backup system (1996)

We present a system which enables a user to remove a file from both the file system and all the backup tapes on which the file is stored. The ability to remove files from all backup tapes is desirable in many cases. Our system erases information from the backup tape without actually writing on the tape. This is achieved by applying cryptography in a new way: a block cipher is used to enable the system to forget information rather than protect it. Our system is easy to install and is transparent to the end user. Further, it introduces no slowdown in system performance and little slowdown in the backup procedure.
Ald Hfo2 Based Rram With Ti Capping (2013)

HfOx based Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) is one of the most widely studied material stack due to its promising performances as an emerging memory technology. In this work, we systematically investigated the effect of metal capping layer by preparing sample devices with varying thickness of Ti cap and comparing their operating parameters with the help of an Agilent-B1500A analyzer.
Limitations in the Grain Boundary Processing of the Recycled HDDR Nd-Fe-B System (2020)

Fully dense spark plasma sintered recycled and fresh HDDR Nd-Fe-B nanocrystalline bulk magnets were processed by surface grain boundary diffusion (GBD) treatment to further augment the coercivity and investigate the underlying diffusion mechanism. The fully dense SPS processed HDDR based magnets were placed in a crucible with varying the eutectic alloys Pr<sub>68</sub>Cu<sub>32</sub> and Dy<sub>70</sub>Cu<sub>30</sub> at 2-20 wt. % as direct diffusion source above the ternary transition temperature for GBD processing followed by secondary annealing. The changes in mass gain was analyzed and weighted against the magnetic properties. For the recycled magnet, the coercivity (<i>H<sub>Ci</sub></i>) values obtained after optimal GBDP yielded ~60% higher than the starting recycled HDDR powder and 17.5% higher than the SPS-ed processed magnets. The fresh MF-15P HDDR Nd-Fe-B based magnets gained 25-36% higher coercivities with Pr-Cu GBDP. The FEG-SEM investigation provided insight on the diffusion depth and EDXS analysis indicated the changes in matrix and intergranular phase composition within the diffusion zone. The mechanism of surface to grain boundary diffusion and the limitations to thorough grain boundary diffusion in the HDDR Nd-Fe-B based bulk magnets were detailed in this study.
Biobanks in personalized medicine (2018)

Introduction: Human biological samples like tissues, cells, blood, and other body fluids including associated information on the sample donor/patient are a key resource for research toward identifying determinants and mechanisms of individual diseases. Biobanks collect, preserve, and provide access to this resource in a transparent and quality controlled manner in compliance with ethical, legal, and regulatory requirements.Areas covered: Precision medicine research requires access to sufficient numbers of samples and data that properly cover the broad spectrum of disease sub-entities relevant for targeted therapies. To address this demand samples and data from different biobanks in different countries must be suitable for integrated analyses. This is only possible if samples and data meet common quality criteria. Therefore international standards (e.g. CEN Technical Specifications or ISO Standards) have to be implemented for sample pre-analytics, covering all steps from sample collection from the patient to isolation of biomolecules. Furthermore, data management becomes increasingly important because samples have to be linked with detailed descriptions of disease phenotypes and re-use of data generated from samples by omics technologies has to be supported.Expert commentary: Data and quality management become increasingly important, and biobanks will develop from a sample provider to a data and knowledge provider.
Angularly tunable bandpass filter: design, fabrication, and characterization (2019)

We present a thorough study of a bandpass filter for the near-infrared (IR) region, with bandwidth below 20 nm, high transmission, and a broad rejection band [350-1100] nm. This filter is angularly tunable between 0 and 50° and shows a shift of the central wavelength from 970 nm down to 880 nm, without major changes in its bandwidth and spectral shape for unpolarized light. We first provide a description of the design procedure and then carry out an experimental demonstration by using plasma-enhanced reactive magnetron sputtering. We finally present an accurate characterization of this class of filter by using a custom optical system.
Utilization of oxygen-enriched air in diesel engines: Fundamental considerations (1997)

Utilization of oxygen-enriched air in diesel engines holds potential for low exhaust smoke and particulate emissions. The majority of the oxygen-enriched-air combustion-related studies so far are experimental in nature, where the observed results are understood on an overall basis. This paper deals with the fundamental considerations associated with the oxygen-enriched air-fuel combustion process to enhance understanding of the concept. The increase in adiabatic flame temperature, the composition of exhaust gases at equilibrium, and also the changes in thermodynamic and transport properties due to oxygen-enrichment of standard intake air are computed. The effects of oxygen-enrichment on fuel evaporation rate, ignition delay, and premixed burnt fraction are also evaluated. Appropriate changes in the ignition delay correlation to reflect the effects of oxygen-enrichment are proposed. The notion of oxygen-enrichment of standard intake air as being akin to leaning of the fuel-air mixture is refuted on the basis of the fundamentally different requirements for the oxygen-enriched combustion process.
Extracting molecular binding relationships from biomedical text (2000)

ARBITER is a Prolog program that extracts assertions about macromolecular binding relationships from biomedical text. We describe the domain knowledge and the underspecified linguistic analyses that support the identification of these predications. After discussing a formal evaluation of ARBITER, we report on its application to 491, 000 MEDLINE® abstracts, during which almost 25, 000 binding relationships suitable for entry into a database of macromolecular function were extracted.
Wideband digital cancellation for full-duplex communications (2012)

In this paper, we consider the problem of canceling self-interference received by a wireless node from the transmitted signal from the same node. We consider separate antennas for transmission and reception. The self-interference signal is partly known to the node since the transmitted signal is known at the received antenna with the exception of the channel gain and multipath effect. We investigate the limitation of digital cancellation in solving the problem of self-interference cancellation and seek efficient algorithms that can be used in wideband and frequency selective channels as well as the narrowband and frequency flat channels. We show that limitations of analog to digital converters (ADC) such as the dynamic range and quantization resolution are the main obstacle in restricting the isolation levels of the self-interference signal that can be achieved by employing digital cancelation. We provide design guidelines and a specific digital cancelation system with an enhanced effective resolution and larger dynamic range by an intelligent feedback loop. We also address the problem of wideband digital cancellation by using the theory of sparse signal recovery.
Use of Rebound Testing for Evaluation of Soil Vapor Extraction Performance at the Savannah River Site (2004)

Abstract In 1999, a pilot soil vapor extraction (SVE) system was installed at a waste area within the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site located near Aiken, South Carolina, to remediate trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination and to evaluate monitoring and operational strategies for SVE application in layered heterogeneous materials. The specific objectives of the results reported here were (1) to evaluate the use of rebound analysis of soil gas concentrations as the basis for operational strategies, and (2) establish the endpoint criteria for active remedial action. Three soil gas TCE concentration rebound tests were conducted over a period of 18 months to assess system performance and progress. For each rebound test, the system was shut down and allowed to equilibrate for two to four weeks. Soil gas TCE concentrations were measured several times during this equilibration period. Comparison of these rebound test results has been used for evaluating SVE system performance. A transient two‐dimensional diffusion model has been used to convert soil gas TCE rebound concentrations to estimates from distance to source, and the model predictions correspond with observed dense nonaqueous phase liquid at the site. Also, these rebound tests can provide sufficient information about contaminant distribution and SVE mass transfer limitations to select a reasonable and appropriate endpoint for active remedial operations.
Secondary Structure Effect of Polypeptide on Reverse Thermal Gelation and Degradation of l/dl-Poly(alanine)–Poloxamer–l/dl-Poly(alanine) Copolymers (2008)

Poly(alanine) end-capped poly(propylene glycol)−poly(ethylene glycol)−poly(propylene glycol) (PA−PLX−PA) aqueous solutions underwent sol-to-gel transition as the temperature increased. On the basis of FTIR spectra, circular dichroism spectra, 13C NMR spectra, transmission electron microscopic images, fluorescence spectra, and dynamic light scattering studies, increases in the β-sheet conformation of the polyalanine (PA) and dehydration of the poly(propylene glycol)−poly(ethylene glycol)−poly(propylene glycol) (PLX) were suggested as the sol-to-gel transition mechanism. The sol-to-gel transition temperature could be controlled by molecular parameters of the PA−PLX−PA such as molecular weight of PA, molecular weights of PLX, and l-Ala/dl-Ala ratio. The PA−PLX−PA was significantly degraded in the subcutaneous layer of rats over 15 days; however, it was stable in phosphate buffer saline over the same period of time. Poly(propylene glycol)/poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymers suffer from short gel duration for biomedical applications, whereas the current polypeptide-based polymer is unique in that it shows prolonged (>15 days) gel duration and the sol-to-gel transition involves the secondary structural change of the polypeptide.
Synthesis of Enantioenriched Vicinal Tertiary and Quaternary Carbon Stereogenic Centers within an Acyclic Chain (2019)

Overcoming the inherent difficulty to prepare quaternary carbon stereogenic centers, the diastereo- and enantioselective preparation of acyclic carbon backbones possessing vicinal quaternary and tertiary stereogenic centers (i.e. in a 1,2-relationship) causes distorted geometries and represents a very acute problem in organic synthesis. Several approaches are discussed in this minireview underlining the challenges illustrated by the rather limited number of approaches available to practitioners.
Smart polymers for oil production (2010)

Two “smart” polymer systems have been developed for the oil producing industry. One system designed for water control in a producing well finds the site of the water influx by itself and blocks it. The other system is designed for use in hydraulic fracturing and acts as a thickener in an aqueous medium, including that at elevated temperatures; at the same time, in contact with hydrocarbons, the system transforms into a low-viscosity liquid, providing for a high permeability of the medium to petroleum.
Impacts of RF shimming on MRI induced heating of implantable medical lead in 3T birdcage coil (2017)

Transfer function method was utilized to evaluate the RF-induced heating of implantable lead with 137 implanted lead trajectories under different shimming conditions. A coated wire is used to emulate medical leads. Two different shimming conditions were studied. One is to optimize the homogeneity of the B_(1+) field magnitude in human heart region, and second one is to estimate the possible worst-case of the RF field induced heating. All the results are normalized to 2W/kg average whole body specific absorption rate (SAR) and Q-Matrices formalism method was used to improve the SAR calculation efficiency. The average temperature rise at the lead tip under Quadrature excitation is 6.28°C while the RF shimmed homogeneous condition leads to 11.7 °C in temperature rise. The absolutely worst-case RF induced heating is at 61.6°C. As the results suggested, significant impacts on RF-induced heating due to RF shimming were observed.
Leakage conduction mechanism of amorphous Lu 2 O 3 high-k dielectric films fabricated by pulsed laser ablation (2007)

Amorphous Lu2O3 thin films have been deposited on p-type (111) Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). A equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 1.16 nm with a leakage current density of 4×10−5 A/cm2 at 1 V accumulation bias was obtained for 4.5 nm thick Lu2O3 thin film deposited at room temperature followed by post-deposition anneal (PDA) at 600 °C in oxygen ambient. The leakage conduction mechanisms of amorphous Lu2O3 films were investigated. It was found that the Poole-Frenkel (P-F) emission is the dominant conduction mechanism at high electric field region.
Synergy of first principles modelling with predictive control for a biventricular assist device: In silico evaluation study (2017)

Control for dual rotary left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) used as a biventricular assist device (BiVAD) is challenging. If the control system fails, flow imbalance between the systemic and the pulmonary circulations would result, subsequently leading to ventricular suction or pulmonary congestion. With the expectation that advanced control approaches such as model predictive control could address the challenges naturally and effectively, we developed a synergistic first principles model predictive controller (MPC) for the BiVAD. The internal model of the MPC is a simplified state-space model that has been developed and validated in a previous study. A single Frank-Starling (FS) control curve was used to define the target pump flow corresponding to the preload on each side of the heart. The MPC was evaluated in a validated numerical model using three clinical scenarios: blood loss, myocardial recovery, and exercise. Simulation results showed that the MPC was effective in adapting to changes in physiological states without causing ventricular suction or pulmonary congestion. The use of MPC for a BiVAD eliminates the need for two controllers of dual LVADs thus making the task of controller tuning easier.
<title>Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of aqueous solutions using optical substraction</title> (2002)

For the analysis of small concentrations of organics in aqueous solutions, a novel add-on accessory for dual-beam / optical subtraction spectroscopy has been built for a commercial Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. A standard FT-IR instrument requires a sample measurement and a separate reference measurement, whereas the optical subtraction instrument directly measures the difference between sample and reference. This has a number of advantages. The time delay between the two measurements is eliminated, and the effective measurement time is improved by a factor of two. Moreover, the optical subtraction provides a large reduction in dynamic range of the measured signal, which prevents detector saturation, and enables effective use of dynamic range of the analog to digital converter in the FT-IR spectrometer. This results in an increased signal to noise ratio, compared to the standard FT-IR instrument. By changing detector and light source the instrument may be used for both near- and mid.-infrared spectroscopy. The increased sensitivity and stability of the optical subtraction instrument compared to the standard instrument is demonstrated by transmission measurements of aqueous urea solutions in the combination band region 4000 to 5000cm(-1) (2000 to 2500nm).
Simultaneous motion segmentation and Structure from Motion (2011)

This paper presents a novel approach to simultaneously compute the motion segmentation and the 3D reconstruction of a set of 2D points extracted from an image sequence. Starting from an initial segmentation, our method proposes an iterative procedure that corrects the misclassified points while reconstructing the 3D scene, which is composed of objects that move independently. This optimization procedure is made by considering two well-known principles: firstly, in multi-body Structure from Motion the matrix describing the 3D shape is sparse, secondly, the segmented 2D points must give a valid 3D reconstruction given the rotational metric constraints. Our formulation results in a bilinear optimization where sparsity and metric constraints are enforced at each iteration of the algorithm. The final result is the corrected segmentation, the 3D structure of the moving objects and an orthographic camera matrix for each motion and each frame. Results are shown on synthetic sequences and a preliminary application on real sequences of the Hopkins 155 database is presented.