gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large Transmittance Change Induced by Exciton Accumulation under Weak Continuous Photoexcitation (2015)

Excited‐state absorption of materials is caused by instantaneous accumulation of excitons when irradiated with a high‐intensity laser pulse. If excitons can be accumulated by irradiation with weak continuous incoherent light at room temperature (RT) in air, then excited‐state absorption can be obtained over a large area, which is potentially useful for a variety of optical applications. Here, photoresponsive transmittance control using long‐lived RT triplet excitons is demonstrated. Host–guest glass films composed of a secondary amino‐substituted deuterated aromatic carbon material as a guest and an amorphous hydroxyl steroidal compound as a host form guest‐based triplet excitons with an RT lifetime of longer than 1 s upon photoexcitation and the triplet excitons of the guest exhibit a large absorption coefficient over the whole visible region. Efficient accumulation of the triplet excitons of the guest triggered by photoexcitation causes a large decrease in the transmittance of the host–guest films. The transmittance of one of the host–guest films decreases from 98% to 30% over the whole visible range and from 92% to 13% at the wavelength of maximum triplet–triplet absorption of the guest as the power of UV photoexcitation is increased from 10 −1 to 10 3 mW cm −2 .
Visible Light from a Siliconp−nJunction (1955)

When low-voltage silicon $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junctions are biased in the reverse direction to breakdown, visible light is emitted from the junction region. The effects of surface treatment on the phenomenon are discussed. Two typical light output vs reverse current curves are shown. A typical spectral distribution curve in the 1.8-3.4 ev range is shown. The observations suggest that the light results from a radiative relaxation mechanism involving the high-energy carriers produced in the avalanche breakdown process.
Role of Extracellular Factors in Axon Regeneration in the CNS: Implications for Therapy (2008)

The glial scar that forms after an injury to the CNS contains molecules that are inhibitory to axon growth. Understanding of the mechanisms of inhibition has allowed the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting axon regeneration. Promising results have been obtained in animal models, and some therapies are undergoing clinical trials. This offers great hope for achievement of functional recovery after CNS injury.
A Structure-Based Design Approach to the Development of Novel, Reversible AChE Inhibitors (2001)

Chimeras of tacrine and m-(N,N,N-Trimethylammonio)trifluoroacetophenone (1) were designed as novel, reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. On the basis of the X-ray structure of the apoenzyme, a molecular modeling study determined the favored attachment positions on the 4-aminoquinoline ring (position 3 and the 4-amino nitrogen) and the favored lengths of a polymethylene link between the two moieties (respectively 5-6 and 4-5 sp(3) atoms). Seven compounds matching these criteria were synthesized, and their inhibitory potencies were determined to be in the low nanomolar range. Activity data for close analogues lacking some of the postulated key features showed that our predictions were correct. In addition, a subsequent crystal structure of acetylcholinesterase complexed with the most active compound 27 was in good agreement with our model. The design strategy is therefore validated and can now be developed further.
Temperature dependence of the polarization reversal in lead-zirconate-titanate thin film capacitors (2002)

The hysteresis curve of a ferroelectric capacitor describes the polarization reversal due to an alternating large signal excitation. In ideal ferroelectric capacitors the coercive voltage is independent of the frequency and the shape, triangular or sine, of the applied voltage signal, in the time regime, where the velocity of the domain walls has not to be considered. However, in real thin film capacitors the coercive voltage increases with increasing frequency. In this work the temperature dependence of this effect has been investigated using hysteresis, pulse, and small signal capacitance (C-V) measurements.
Somatic Cell Dedifferentiation/Reprogramming for Regenerative Medicine (2009)

The concept of dedifferentiation or reprogramming of a somatic cell into a pluripotent embryonic stem cell-like cell (ES-like cell), which give rise to three germ layers and differentiate various cell types, opens a new era in stem cell biology and provides potential therapeutic modality in regenerative medicine. Here, we outline current dedifferentiation/reprogramming methods and their technical hurdles, and the safety and therapeutic applications of reprogrammed pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine. This review summarizes the concept and data of somatic cell nuclear transfer, fusion of somatic cells with ES cells, viral or non-viral transduction of pluripotency-related genes into somatic cells, introduction of extract (or proteins) of pluripotent cells into somatic cells. Dedifferentiated/reprogrammed ES-like cells could be a perfect genetic match (autologous or tailored pluripotent stem cells) for future applications. Further studies regarding technical refinements as well as mechanistic analysis of dedifferentiation induction and re-differentiation into specific cell types will provide us with the substantial application of pluripotent stem cells to therapeutic purposes.
Comparison of Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene and Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences Among Isolates of the Intranuclear Microsporidian Nucleospora salmonis (2000)

Nucleospora salmonis is an intranuclear microsporidian associated with a proliferative disorder of the lymphoid cells of captive salmonid fish in the northwestern and northeastern regions of North America, in France, and in Chile. Newer diagnostic approaches have used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the parasite in fish tissues. The target sequences for these assays lie in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA) gene or internal transcribed spacer (ITS) as determined from N. salmonis from chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Pacific Northwest of North America. The lack of sequence data on parasites from diverse geographic origins and hosts led us to compare several isolates of N. salmonis. There was a high degree of similarity in the ssu rDNA sequences (> 98%) among all the isolates of N. salmonis examined, regardless of host or geographic origin. The greatest sequence differences were found between isolates from the Pacific regions of America. Isolates from Chile shared sequences with one or both geographic groups from North America. A similar distribution of sequence types was observed when ITS-1 sequences of selected isolates were analyzed. Sequence data from two N. salmonis-like isolates from marine non-salmonid fish showed one closely related and the second less closely related to N. salmonis isolates from salmonid fish. These results provide evidence for a homogeneous group of aquatic members of the genus Nucleospora found among salmonid fish (N. salmonis) that can be detected using diagnostic PCR assays with ssu rDNA target sequences. The presence of parasites related to N. salmonis among marine fish suggests a potentially broad host and geographic distribution of members of the family Enterocytozoonidae.
Age Forming Technology Expanded in an Autoclave (1985)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Development of the autoclave forming aluminum (AFA) process has advanced current technology of age forming. Using an autoclave for application of aging heat and forming pressure, the process has been used to form 50 feet long, 2124 and 2419 aluminum wing skins containing integrally machined stiffeners and varying in thickness from 0.1 to 2.5 inches with thick pads in the middle of thin sections. The process produces smooth contours with no visible evidence of abrupt changes in thickness. The skins are believed to be the largest and most complex parts ever to be age creep formed in the history of the aircraft industry.&lt;/div&gt;
Tetra-alkoxy substituted PPV derivatives: a new class of highly soluble liquid crystalline conjugated polymers (2011)

Two first examples of highly soluble tetra-alkoxy substituted PPV derivatives, poly(2,3,5,6-tetrahexyloxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (TH-PPV) and poly[2,3,5,6-tetra(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] TEH-PPV, are presented. Both polymers have been fully characterized and the solubility and UV-Vis absorption characteristics have been studied in various organic solvents. Due to the symmetric nature of the repeating unit, TH-PPV and TEH-PPV have an inherently regioregular nature, which is unusual for PPV-type polymers. Observations from polarized light microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that TH-PPV exhibits thermally induced order resulting in a liquid crystalline mesophase. In contrast, due to steric hindrance of the branched alkyl side chains, TEH-PPV is rather disordered. As a first demonstration of the charge transporting properties of TH-PPV, a simple solution processed electroluminescent device has been prepared. The electroluminescence spectrum shows a detailed structure similar to that observed from the solid-state photoluminescence spectrum and shows one of the highest energy emissions observed for PPVs. It is speculated that the enhanced order in TH-PPV will benefit the usage of this new class of polymers in optoelectronic applications, in which the improved charge carrier mobility is desirable.
Improving The Efficiency Of PolycrystallineSolar Panel Via Water Immersion Method (2014)

Cooling of the solar cells is a critical issue, especially when designing concentrating photovoltaic (PV) systems. In the present work, the cooling of a photovoltaic panel via Water immersion technique is investigated. The aim of this project is to optimize the efficiency of a solar panel by submerged it in distillated water at different depths. Experiment is done for polycrystalline silicon panel. An evident increase of efficiency is found with increasing the water depth. Results are discussed; thermal drift has been reduced and the solar panel efficiency has increased by about 11% at water depth 6 cm.
Synthesis and Purification of 7-Prenyloxycoumarins and Herniarin as Bioactive Natural Coumarins (2009)

Objective(s) 7-prenyloxycoumarins including 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin, auraptene and umbelliprenin, and herniarin have been widely recognized as bioactive coumarins. This paper presents the ways to synthesis these compounds. Materials and Methods 7-prenyloxycoumarins were synthesized by reaction between 7-hydroxycoumarin (1 M) and relevant prenyl bromides (1.5 M) in acetone at room temperature. The reaction was carried out in the presence of DBU (1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene) (2 M). After 24 hr, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The compounds were purified by column chromatography. Results Three bioactive 7-prenyloxycoumarins, namely, umbelliprenin, auraptene and 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin, together with herniarin were synthesized from 7-hydroxycoumarin under alkaline conditions (DBU) and then purified by column chromatography. The structures of the products were characterized by NMR spectroscopic method including 1H- and 13C-NMR experiments. Conclusion The method of synthesis for 7-prenyloxycoumarins and herniarin which is presented here has not been reported yet. Moreover, for the first time, umbelliprenin was chemically prepared in this work.
Session details: Visualisation methods for genetic and evolutionary computation (VizGEC) (2012)

Visualisation plays an important role in evolutionary computation, and as such we are pleased to be organising the third GECCO workshop on visualisation in evolutionary and genetic computation (VizGEC 2012).
Automated NFC-Based System for Management and Tracking of Assets in Sharing Economy (2019)

Physical Assets management is a critical issue for any business or organization and tracking those assets can be one of the most time-consuming tasks of the entire workday. Asset management and tracking tools can simplify the work and make it more efficient and more productive. In this paper, we present a smart way to manage and track the keys of assets by developing an automated system that combines hardware with software. It is customary to have a dedicated person within the institution to manage borrowing process of assets. The problems related to borrowing could be losses, destruction or theft. Such problems might cause disturbance for the institution and this issue motivated us to find a solution by developing a system that aims for asset protection and tracking. Using near field communication technology (NFC), our solution answers the question whether the asset is available or someone borrowed it. For an asset, the system informs us whether it has been returned back on time or not. We designed an eelectronic circuit combined with NFC tags to discover the presence of keys of assets. The system is not restricted to educational institutions or hospitals rather, this solution is suitable for business owners. An example could be the hotel industry where it can be used to facilitate the process of giving the guest the room's key in a safe and simple way. Another example is in the field of car rental, which needs to be tracked and protected periodically. In general, it has a potential in sharing economy resources.
High pressure study of Co2(CO)6(XPh3)2(X=As, P) phase transitions via SXRD (2005)

CaSiO 3 perovskite. The commonly assumed cubic structure was found to be stable at high temperatures and unstable at low temperatures at all pressures. On the basis of these results, we predict that the low temperature structure of CaSiO 3 perovskite is tetragonal space group I4/mcm. This phase would transform into an orthorhombic Imma structure under non-hydrostatic conditions. It is also obtained by fast quenching of cubic CaSiO 3 perovskite. This Imma structure explains hitherto puzzling experimental X-ray powder diffraction patterns.
Large Surface Charge Density Oscillations Induced by Subsurface Phonon Resonances (2008)

A density functional perturbation theory study of Cu(111) surface dynamics and phonon-induced surface charge density (SCD) oscillations shows that the subsurface phonon resonances such as S3, first predicted by embedded-atom methods, trigger large SCD charge-density oscillations, thus explaining the large helium atom scattering intensity from the anomalous longitudinal resonance found in most metal surfaces. The strong coupling between certain phonons and SCD oscillations is shown to have implications in inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy and other manifestations of electron-phonon interactions at metal surfaces.
Highly specific enzyme immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin. (1981)

A highly specific enzyme immunoassay for determining hCG was established by using beta-D-galactosidase as label. In order to increase the specificity of the assay, an antiserum against whole hCG was purified on a column of hCG beta carboxyl-terminal peptide (residues 123-145) covalently linked to Sepharose 4B. The antibody (N101S) thus prepared showed a weak cross-reactivity with human LH in an assay using hCG-enzyme conjugate, but the slight cross-reactivity was virtually avoided when an hCG beta carboxyl-terminal peptide was used as a peptide in the enzyme conjugate. N101S antibody was compared with antiserum (B1B) directed against a carboxyl-terminal peptide (123-145). In hCG measurement N101S gave about 30 times higher sensitivity than B1B, although the former antibody was less sensitive to carboxyl-terminal peptides of hCG beta. The enzyme immunoassay using a combination of N101S antibody and a carboxyl-terminal peptide (130-145)-enzyme conjugate was able to detect as little as 0.25 mIU of hCG without the interference of LH. The performance and validity of this assay were comparable to those of conventional radioimmunoassay.
Adaptive SMA actuator priming using resistance feedback (2011)

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a group of alloys which demonstrate the unique ability of returning back to a previously defined shape or size if subjected to the appropriate thermal conditions. They have been implemented as actuators—where heat is controlled via applied current—in a wide range of applications spanning several fields such as robotics, aeronautics, automotive and medicine. SMA manufacturers specify what they refer to as the 'safe current' which is the maximum current that can be applied to the SMA wire indefinitely without damaging it by overheating. However, this current is typically specified at room temperature under natural convection conditions. The objective of this work is to develop controllers for SMA actuators in automotive applications and this requires predictable and consistent functionality across a wide range of ambient temperatures, typically from − 40 to 85 °C. Consequently, applying the safe current in cold ambient temperatures may not actuate the SMA whereas it could potentially over-heat the SMA at high ambient temperatures. In this paper, we use a novel approach involving resistance feedback to achieve more consistent actuation across a range of ambient temperatures and compare experimental results for several different control strategies. The results show that controller designs using an adaptive current to actuate the SMA wire achieved more consistent results across the desired range of ambient temperatures compared to using the fixed safe current. Of these designs, a controller strategy dubbed Minus 4.5% achieved the most consistent actuation results and was a significant improvement over conventional control strategies.
Operating frequency selection for loosely coupled wireless power transfer systems with respect to RF emissions and RF exposure requirements (2013)

Loosely-coupled (LC) wireless power transfer (WPT) systems based on non-radiative magnetic resonance are finding day to day applications in charging portable consumer electronics. A key design choice is the WPT operating frequency. The frequency range from several kHz to several MHz, but generally below 10 MHz, is of particular interest. In this paper, we discuss the LC WPT operating frequency selection in terms of the existing regulatory framework and requirements for RF emissions and RF exposure. Quantities of interest include freespace electric and magnetic fields, induced electric field, induced current density and specific absorption rate (SAR) in human tissue. We recommend LC WPT to be operated in an ISM band for RF emissions compliance.
Multicolor solitons due to four-wave mixing (1998)

The structure and stability of different types of multicolor optical spatial solitary waves created by interaction of light at a central frequency with two sideband waves both through cross-phase modulation and parametric four-wave mixing is presented. It is shown that a novel type of three-color spatial soliton appears above a power threshold when parametric coupling generates an instability of two-frequency solitary waves.
Effect of pterostilbene and 3′-hydroxypterostilbene on the growth of colon cancer cells<sup>a</sup>. (2015)

a&lt;p&gt;Cells were treated with various concentrations of selected compounds for 24 h. Cell viability then was determined by the MTT assay as described. Each experiment was independently performed three times and expressed as mean ±SD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Effect of pterostilbene and 3′-hydroxypterostilbene on the growth of colon cancer cells&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0111814#nt101" target="_blank"&gt;a&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
Rapid Detection of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Content of Rat Hypothalamus in Altitude Hypoxia by Amino Acid Analyzer (2002)

To study the effect of altitude hypoxia on γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) content in the rat hypothalamus, A rapid method was established. content was determined by 6300 gold system high performance amino acid analyzer. under altitude hypoxia,the content of GABA in hypothalamus increased significantly. Analytical time was 8.87min which was 65.96min shorter than with the original one. The better repeatability (CV:1.39%) and recovery rate (98.81%) were observed.
Vitamins and respiratory disease: antioxidant micronutrients in pulmonary health and disease (2005)

The lungs are continually exposed to relatively-high O(2) tensions, and as such, in comparison with other organs, they represent a unique tissue for the damaging effects of oxidant attack. At particular times during a lifetime this every day challenge may increase exponentially. The first oxidative insult occurs at birth, when cells are exposed to a sudden 5-fold increase in O(2) concentration. Thereafter, the human lung, from infancy through to old age, can be subjected to deleterious oxidative events as a consequence of inhaling environmental pollutants or irritants, succumbing to several pulmonary diseases (including infant and adult respiratory distress syndromes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis and cancer) and receiving treatment for these diseases. The present paper will review the concept that consumption of a healthy diet and the consequent ability to establish and then maintain adequate micronutrient antioxidant concentrations in the lung throughout life, and following various oxidative insults, could prevent or reduce the incidence of oxidant-mediated respiratory diseases. Furthermore, the rationale, practicalities and complexities of boosting the antioxidant pool of the respiratory-tract lining fluid in diseases in which oxidative stress is actively involved, by direct application to the lung v. dietary modification, in order to achieve a therapeutic effect will be discussed.
Acute physical activity effects on cardiac gene expression (2010)

Regular bouts of physical activity may cause changes in gene expression that accumulate over time and ultimately affect phenotypes, such as body weight, blood lipid profile and tumour development. Furthermore, acute activity may affect gene expression and phenotypes differently depending on whether the individual is regularly inactive or active. One-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 72) were equally divided into SED (standard laboratory cage, n = 24), PA (large activity box, n = 24) and EX groups (exercise wheel inside standard cage, n = 24). At 3 months of age, half the animals from each group were killed at rest and the other half following 30 min of physical activity. The RNA was extracted from cardiac tissue, and microarray analysis was performed on 27,000 genes. Select gene results were validated using quantitative PCR. No gene expression differences occurred when comparing all 3-month-old groups at rest. A relatively small percentage of genes (1.9%) were differentially expressed (P < 0.05) following acute swimming activity in all groups, but only 37 unique and identifiable genes reached or exceeded twofold differences in expression. The genes Atf3, Fos, Apold1 and Pxdn were expressed differently among SED, PA and EX following acute activity, with a clear separation of the magnitude in gene expression with SED > PA > EX. Differences in gene expression levels in young physically inactive and active animals following acute activity have different regulatory roles in gene networks that affect health-related phenotypes.
Modeling large deformable mirrors (2008)

Planned Extremely Large Telescopes will rely on availability of large Deformable Mirror in the 2-3m class. Design and construction of such mirrors are challenging and call for powerful simulation tools. We present an evaluation model which is used to study performance of a large deformable mirror for three actuator topologies. Back sensors topologies are discussed from the point of view of sensor noise propagation. Two methods for estimating the deflection at the actuator locations on the basis of sensor signal are presented and compared regarding the computational power needed.