gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial Degradation of Phenol by Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Process (2001)

The partial electrocatalytic degradation of phenol to organic acids has been investigated using an undivided electrolytic reactor with a beta-PbO2 anode containing fluorine resin. It was found that the decrease of benzoquinone (BQ) formed during phenol degradation and the acceleration of the process from phenol to organic acids are possible under an optimized operating condition. A possible pathway for phenol degradation was proposed, and a mathematical model for phenol and BQ evolution was developed. Operating parameters such as initial pH, current density, and temperature of the reaction were found to greatly impact the degradation rate of the phenol and even the pathway. Higher removal rate of phenol and BQ can be achieved at an appropriate temperature and higher current density in acidic medium preferably at pH 4. Under these conditions, phenol would be more likely degraded in the pathway from phenol to organic acids rather than through the BQ. When phenol is completely removed, the toxicity of the wastewater would be lessened suitable for biological process treatment. Accounting for the decrease of instantaneous current efficiency (ICE) during degradation, partial degradation would be highly economical for wastewater treatment, which would be an alternative process in practical application.
Thermal degradation of polymers. IX. Ablation studies on composites: Comparison of laboratory test methods with tethered rocket motor firings (1975)

Abstract The use of a novel laboratory ablation test rig for material selection is described. The results obtained are compared with those obtained from differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, and tethered rocket motor test firings.
Estimation of transfer function parameters with output Fourier transform sensitivity vectors (2002)

We derive a technique for estimating a small number of parameters of a spatially or temporally varying transfer function for which a parametric model is known. Such systems occur in transmission lines with faults or mismatches, ultrasonic imaging, semiconductor layering and tomography in various applications. We assume that it is important not only to know that a boundary exists but also to estimate the spatially parameters of the medium across the boundary. The method does not require that the input need be known, but it must be applied to the diverse paths simultaneously, such as with a plane wave hitting a plane surface. The output signals at the various points are time synchronous unless delay is the varying parameter. The transfer function model may be nonlinear in the parameters, and we may also have to estimate the nominal values around which the parameters are locally varying. The procedure is constructed in the context of estimating at any point in space the parameters of the system by using the eigenstructure of the covariance matrix of vectors whose elements are Fourier transform values of the responses. We require that the available responses in the spatial neighborhood are independent enough to yield a good estimate of the covariance matrix. As an example we examine the case of an unknown parameter in a thin layer between 2 semi-infinite layers.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Method for Resolution of the Optical Isomers of 2,2′‐Dihydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthalene. (1990)

Abstract Using the (R)‐(‐)‐2‐aminobutanol (II) as the chiral auxiliary , the racemic mixture of the phosphate (I) is converted to a diastereomeric mixture of the salts (III) and (IV).
Cint: a RISC interpreter for the C programming language (1987)

Cint is an interpretation system for the C programming language. Like most interpretation systems, it provides "load and go" type execution as well as enhanced debugging and performance analysis tools. Cint consists of two phases--a translator and an interpreter. The translator compiles the source program into code for a virtual machine. The interpreter then loads and executes this code. While providing services similar to traditional interpreters, Cint differs from them in two important ways. First, the virtual machine languages used by many interpreters are quite large; machines with 100 to 200 operations are common. In contrast, Cint's virtual machine has only 63 operations. Second, to achieve acceptable execution speeds, interpreters are often implemented in the assembly language of the host machine. Cint , however, is written entirely in C and is therefore portable. In fact, it has been transported to four machines without modification. Despite the compact size of the virtual machine language and the high-level language implementation, Cint's execution speed is comparable to that of other interpreters. This paper describes the design of the virtual machine, the implementation of the interpreter, and the performance of the system.
O5‐01‐02: Defects in p21‐activated kinase (PAK) in Alzheimer's disease: A causal role? (2012)

Defects of p21-activated kinase (PAK) lead to dendritic spines abnormalities and cognitive impairment, and have thus been hypothesized to play a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Western immunoblots, Elisa, electrophysiology and behavior assessment. We first quantified PAK by immunoblotting in homogenates from the parietal neocortex of subjects with a clinical diagnosis of AD (n = 12), MCI (Mild cognitive impairment, n = 12) or no cognitive impairment (NCI, n = 12). A loss of PAK was detected in the cortex of AD patients (-39 % versus controls), but not of its phosphorylated form, and was correlated with cognitive impairment (r2 = 0.148, P = 0.027) and deposition of total and phosphorylated tau (r2 = 0.235 and r2 = 0.206, respectively), but not with Aβ42 (r2 = 0.056). Accordingly, we found a decrease of cofilin and PAK, but not of its phosphorylated form, in the cortex of 12 and 18-months-old 3xTg-AD mice, suggesting that the PAK dysfunction occurring in AD can be replicated in this animal model of AD-like Aβ and tau neuropathologies. To probe the causal role of PAK, we crossed 3xTg-AD mice with dominant-negative PAK (dnPAK) mice. Behavioral assessments revealed that 3xTg-ADxdnPAK mice exhibited anxious traits and pronounced disturbances in social recognition and interaction compared to 3xTg-AD mice. Morphometric analyses of layer II/III showed significant dendritic attrition, reduced spine density and spine lengthening in 3xTg-ADxdnPAK pyramidal neurons from the frontal cortex compared to NonTg and 3xTg-AD mice. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings indicated that PAK inactivation blunted change in glutamatergic activity in frontal cortex neurons, while decreasing the firing rate and increasing mIPSC of entorhinal cortex neurons from 3xTg-AD mice. Surprisingly, the expression of dnPAK reduced the deposition of Aβ and tau in detergent-insoluble fractions from the parieto-temporal cortex, whereas this effect was limited to tau in the frontal cortex.
Experimental study on asphaltene adsorption onto formation rock : an approach to asphaltene formation damage prevention (1995)

In this paper, through a comparative study on Static vs Dynamic adsorption of asphaltene onto formation rock, it is reported how, for the particular asphaltene/formation rock system here considered, the Dynamic asphaltene adsorption onto formation rock is a continuous phenomenon by which the quantity of adsorbed asphaltene increases continuously. In the authors` opinion this rather remarkable adsorption behavior may contribute to asphaltene formation damage. In the hypothesis that prevention may represent a more economical approach than removal, in this work is also reported a possible prevention approach based on formation rock treatment by means of specific chemicals more apt than asphaltenes to be adsorbed onto rock. As preliminary demonstration, with the aim at assessing qualitatively the potential of their approach, the authors have pre-treated the rock by means of commercially available asphaltene dispersant and flocculation inhibitors. Albeit the chosen additives are not commercialized on the base of their specific adsorption feature, a prevention effect has been effectively found. Experimental set ups and procedures used as a base for a test able to rank chemicals with respect to their asphaltene adsorption inhibitive effects are also reported.
NF- B in the Immune Response of Drosophila (2009)

The nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathways play a major role in Drosophila host defense. Two recognition and signaling cascades control this immune response. The Toll pathway is activated by Gram-positive bacteria and by fungi, whereas the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway responds to Gram-negative bacterial infection. The basic mechanisms of recognition of these various types of microbial infections by the adult fly are now globally understood. Even though some elements are missing in the intracellular pathways, numerous proteins and interactions have been identified. In this article, we present a general picture of the immune functions of NF-kappaB in Drosophila with all the partners involved in recognition and in the signaling cascades.
Mechanical Properties of a Polyimide Coat for Fiber-optic Sensors (1999)

Long-term durability is essential for those fiber-optic sensors that detect changes of the optical properties due to the mechanical deformation of the sensing fiber. The lifetime of a sensing fiber determines the durability of the sensor, and the debonding of the polyimide coat to the fiber affects the fiber lifetime. We report in this paper the debonding property of a water-resistant polyimide coat under high temperature and humidity. We found that the adhesion property of the polyimide film improved when an adhesion promoter was added. We also found the optical fiber showed an excellent adhesion property after being exposed to 85°C and 85% relative humidity for 1000 h . This protective coating of a water-resistant polyimide makes it possible to fabricate more reliable optical fiber sensors.
Aerodynamic sound generation by turbulent flow in the vicinity of a scattering half plane (1970)

The presence of the edge of a half plane in a turbulent fluid results in a large increase in the noise generated by that fluid at low Mach numbers. The parameter which is important is the product $2k\overline{r}_0$ , where $\overline{r}_0$ is the distance of the centre of an eddy from the edge. Eddies which satisfy the inequality $2k\overline{r}_0\ll 1$ have the sound output of the quadrupoles associated with the fluid motion in a plane normal to the edge increased by the factor $(k\overline{r}_0)^{-3}$ . There is no enhancement of the sound from the longitudinal quadrupoles with axes parallel to the edge: the rr , θ r and θθ quadrupoles are the dominant sound sources. The far field sound intensity induced by these sources depends upon the fifth power of a typical fluid velocity. The intensity has a directional dependence on cos 2 ½θ if the half plane is rigid and sin 2 ½θ if it is a pressure release surface, θ = 0 being a direction in the half plane. If the eddies are far from the edge so that $(k\overline{r}_0)^{\frac{1}{2}} \gg 1$ then the farfield sound has the same features as would be predicted by geometrical acoustics. The edge does not produce any significant sound amplification.
A founder MLH1 mutation in families from the districts of Modena and Reggio-Emilia in northern Italy with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer associated with protein elongation and instability (2004)

A founder MLH1 mutation in families from the districts of
Stateful ODE-Nets using Basis Function Expansions (2021)

The recently-introduced class of ordinary differential equation networks (ODE-Nets) establishes a fruitful connection between deep learning and dynamical systems. In this work, we reconsider formulations of the weights as continuous-in-depth functions using linear combinations of basis functions which enables us to leverage parameter transformations such as function projections. In turn, this view allows us to formulate a novel stateful ODE-Block that handles stateful layers. The benefits of this new ODE-Block are twofold: first, it enables incorporating meaningful continuous-in-depth batch normalization layers to achieve state-of-the-art performance; second, it enables compressing the weights through a change of basis, without retraining, while maintaining near state-of-the-art performance and reducing both inference time and memory footprint. Performance is demonstrated by applying our stateful ODE-Block to (a) image classification tasks using convolutional units and (b) sentence-tagging tasks using transformer encoder units.
Situated cognition: how representations are created and given meaning (1993)

Representations have been viewed as the essential concern of cognitive science, yet few studies have examined how people create, perceive, and attribute meaning to new representational forms. How does the learner relate instructions he doesn't yet understand to features on the computer screen he can't yet parse into objects and relations? Linguistic schema models assume that the world comes pre-represented, already parameterized into objective features; reasoning operates on a stream of "perceptually obvious" symbols. In such an exclusively linguistic cognitive model, inference and comprehension rests on nothing but more words--definitions, causal relationships, classifications. Although it is well-known that such models are "ungrounded," that the symbols have no meaning to the program itself, little attempt has been made to find out how people create symbolic forms. What are the non-linguistic processes that control attention, affect reconceptualization, and correlate disparate ways of seeing? I present an example of human learning that falls outside linguistic schema theories, illustrating representation creation as perceptual interaction at both interpersonal and gestural-material levels. I focus on sequences of activity in which students' interpretation of what constitutes a representational language (and what it means) changes as they construct models of what they are seeing and doing. This social-perceptual analysis complements linguistic schema theories of novice-expert differences with more detailed learning mechanisms, emphasizing especially the nature of perception. This perspective leads to new experimentation and ways of observing and understanding student interaction with today's instructional programs.
High resolution melting for mutation scanning of TP53exons 5–8 (2007)

HRM is an effective technique for simple and rapid scanning of TP53 mutations that can markedly reduce the amount of sequencing required in mutational studies of TP53.
Alterations in Blood Monocyte Functions in Parkinson's Disease (2019)

Our data suggest that PD involves monocytic changes in blood. These cells show reduced viability and are unresponsive to specific stimuli, which might have a relevant consequence for disease progression. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Water‐in‐oil microemulsions composed of monoolein enhanced the transdermal delivery of nicotinamide (2021)

The monoolein-based microemulsion was transparent and stable, suggesting that it is a promising formulation for a transdermal nicotinamide delivery.
Width-Modulated Microstrip-Line Based Mantle Cloaks for Thin Single- and Multiple Cylinders (2014)

A thin mantle cloak is described for electromagnetic footprint reduction for arrays of thin cylinders. The cloaking is obtained by covering the conformal geometry with a metasurface having as a unit cell that is a width modulated microstrip line. Enfoldings at different angles have been considered and numerically studied both for single and multiple cylinders. Frequency scalability and polarization sensitivity of the geometry has also been considered. Experimental results obtained at K-band are in good agreement with numerical data and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach for wide-band (≈16%) cloaking applications. The performance of the proposed solution has been compared with available data in the literature, and its superiority has been demonstrated.
SYNTHESIS OF DIETHYL N-(PERFLUOROALKANESULFONYL) PHOSPHORAMIDATES AND N-(PERF'LUOROALKANESULFONYL) PHOSPHORAMIDIC ACIDS (1998)

Abstract N-(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)phosphoramidates are prepared by the reaction of diethylchloro phosphate CIP(O)(OEt)2 with sodium perfluoroalkylsulfonylamides RfSO2NHNa or sodium N-trimethylsilylperfluoroalkylsulfonylamides RfSO2N(Na)SiMe3 respectively. Hydrolysis of diethyl N-(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl) phosphoramidates under acidic condition did not give the expected RfSO2NHP(O)(OH)2 but led to a brake of the N-P bond forming the corresponding perfluoroalkylsulfonylamides. Silylation of RfSO2NEP(O)(OR)2 with Me3SiBr give high yields of RfSO2NHP(O)(OSiMe3)2 which were then treated with water at room temperature to afford the title phosphoramidic acids. Key Words: N-(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl) phosphoramidatesphosphoramidic acids
Coinfection of Dermal Fibroblasts by Human Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus 6 Can Boost the Expression of Fibrosis-Associated MicroRNAs (2023)

Tissue fibrosis can affect every type of tissue or organ, often leading to organ malfunction; however, the mechanisms involved in this process are not yet clarified. A role has been hypothesized for Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infections as triggers of systemic sclerosis (SSc), a severe autoimmune disease causing progressive tissue fibrosis, since both viruses and antiviral immune responses toward them have been detected in patients. Moreover, HCMV or HHV-6A infection was reported to increase the expression of fibrosis-associated transcriptional factors and miRNAs in human dermal fibroblasts. However, it is unlikely that they have separate effects in the infected host, as both viruses are highly prevalent in the human population. Thus, our study aimed to investigate, by quantitative real-time PCR microarray, the impact of HCMV/HHV-6A coinfection on the expression of pro-fibrotic miRNAs in coinfected cells, compared to the effect of single viruses. The results showed a possible synergistic effect of the two viruses on pro-fibrotic miRNA expression, thus suggesting that HCMV and HHV-6 may enhance each other and cooperate at inducing enhanced miRNA-driven fibrosis. These data may also suggest a possible use of virus-induced miRNAs as novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for SSc and its clinical treatment.
ABGASEMISSIONEN VON KRAFTFAHRZEUGEN IN GROSSSTAEDTEN UND IND USTRIELLEN BALLUNGSGEBIETEN (1973)

DER ERSTE TEIL DES WERKES BEFASST SICH MIT DEN THEORETISCHEN GRUNDLAGEN UEBER DIE URSACHEN DER ENTSTEHUNG VON GESUNDHEIT SSCHAEDLICHEN ABGASKOMPONENTEN BEI OTTO- UND DIESELMOTOREN. IM EINZELNEN WERDEN ALLE WESENTLICHEN FAKTOREN UNTERSUCHT, DIE AUF DAS EMISSIONSVERHALTEN EINES KRAFTFAHRZEUGES VON EINFLUSS SIND. IM ZWEITEN TEIL DES BUCHES WIRD DIE SYSTEMATI K DER ERHEBUNG DER ABGASEMISSIONEN DES KRAFTFAHRZEUGES IM RAHMEN DES EMISSIONSKATASTERS BESCHRIEBEN UND AN HAND VON AUSGEWAEHLTEN BEISPIELEN ERLAEUTERT. AUS DEM RAHMEN DER GESAMTUNTERSUCHUNG WERDEN CHARAKTERISTISCHE BEISPIELE FUER DIE EMISSIONSBELASTUNG BESTIMMTER STRASSENTYPEN SOWIE DIE GESAMTEMISSIONEN, DIE SICH AUS EINER SUMMIERUNG DER VERKEHRS DICHTE UND DER EMISSIONEN UEBER DIE ZEIT UND UEBER ALLE LINIEN- UND FLAECHENQUELLEN DES UNTERSUCHTEN GEBIETES ERGEBEN, ALS MITTLERE TAGES- BZW. JAHRESEMISSIONEN UNTER BERUECKSICHTIGUNG DER AUF DEN PKW- UND DEN LKW-VERKEHR ENTFALLENDEN ANTEILE DARGESTELLT. IN EINEM ANHANG WIRD IN FORM EINER UEBERSICHT DIE NATIONALE UND INTERNATIONALE ABGASGESETZGEBUNG FUER DEN BEREICH DES KRAFTFAHRZEUGVERKEHRS DARGESTELLT UND ERLAEUTERT.
Combinatorial algorithms (1999)

Our objective in writing this book was to produce a general, introductory textbook on the subject o f combinatorial algorithms . Several textbooks on combinatorial algorithms were written in the 1970s , and are now out-of-date . More recent books on algorithms have either been general textbooks , or books on specialized topics, such as graph algorithms to name one example . We felt that a new textbook on combinatorial algorithms, that emphasizes the basic techniques of generation , enumeration and search, would be very timely.
Effects of propulsion inverter using SiC devices (2018)

Recently, compound semiconductor devices such as SiC devices have been developed for inverter systems of electric railway vehicles. They realize lower switching loss than conventional Si devices. This paper clarifies the effect of SiC semiconductor switching devices for propulsion systems of EMU with two examples. The first example shows the direct benefit which reduces loss of switching devices and it contributes to miniaturize an inverter. The other example shows the indirect benefit which can reduce energy consumption by changing the regenerative brake pattern to increase regenerative energy. Finally, this paper suggests the potential that IGBT inverter systems can reduce energy consumption same as the SiC inverter system.
The Effect of Ketamine on Opioid-Induced Acute Tolerance: Can It Explain Reduction of Opioid Consumption with Ketamine-Opioid Analgesic Combinations? (2000)

Ketamine attenuated the development of acute tolerance to analgesia during alfentanil infusion and suppressed rebound hyperalgesia observed the day after the infusion.
238U, 226Ra, 210Po concentrations of bottled mineral waters in Hungary and their committed effective dose (2004)

Nowadays the consumption of bottled mineral waters has become very popular. The average consumption of these is 0.36 l d(-1) per person in Europe. A considerable segment of the population drinks almost only mineral water as drinking water, which is about 1 l d(-1). As is known, some kinds of mineral waters contain naturally occurring radionuclides in higher concentration than the usual drinking (tap) water. The WHO (1993) legislation concerning the drinking waters does not include the mineral waters. In our work, the concentrations of (226)Ra, (238)U and (210)Po were determined in mineral waters available in Hungary. To determine the (226)Ra concentration the emanation method was used. The (238)U and (210)Po concentrations were determined by alpha spectrometry using semiconductor detector. The dose contribution was calculated using the radionuclide concentrations and the dose conversion factors from the Basic Safety Standard IAEA (1995), for 1 l d(-1) mineral water consumption. In some cases the calculated doses were considerable higher than the limit for drinking waters. Especially for children the doses can be remarkably high.