gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-wavelength lasing from InAs self-assembled quantum dots on (311)B InP by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (2002)

InAs quantum dots were grown on (311)B InP by self-assembly using gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. 0.33 nm-InAs depositions in nominal thickness formed quantum dots with a lateral dimension of about 43 nm and a density of 2/spl times/10/sup 10/ cm/sup -2/. Laser diodes with seven quantum dot active layers lased evenly at room temperature under a pulsed-current injection mode. At room temperature, a threshold current density of 4.8 kA/cm/sup 2/ and the lasing wavelength of 1.4 /spl mu/m were obtained in a 92%/98% high-reflection coated device with a cavity length of 1.1 mm. Devices with as-cleaved facets lased in a wavelength range from 1.1 to 1.4 /spl mu/m at 77 K. The lasing wavelength changed to a shorter wavelength as the cavity length decreased, indicating gain saturation due to state filling effect in discrete quantum levels, which is typical in quantum dot lasers. Thus, the InAs quantum dots on (311)B InP were found to be promising for active layers in long-wavelength quantum dot lasers.
Spatial variability in tropical forest leaf area density from multireturn lidar and modeling (2015)

Abstract Leaf area index and leaf area density profiles are key variables for upscaling from leaves to ecosystems yet are difficult to measure well in dense and tall forest canopies. We present a new model to estimate leaf area density profiles from discrete multireturn data derived by airborne waveform light detection and ranging (lidar), a model based on stochastic radiative transfer theory. We tested the method on simulated ray tracing data for highly clumped forest canopies, both vertically homogenous and vertically inhomogeneous. Our method was able to reproduce simulated vertical foliage profiles with small errors and predictable biases in dense canopies (leaf area index = 6) including layers below densely foliated upper canopies. As a case study, we then applied the method to real multireturn airborne lidar data for a 50 ha plot of moist tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. The method is suitable for estimating foliage profiles in a complex tropical forest, which opens new avenues for analyses of spatial and temporal variations in foliage distributions.
Application of Relevance Vector Machine to Downscale GCMs to Runoff in Hydrology (2008)

As relevance vector machine (RVM) can powerfully manage complexity to regression and classification basing on the concept of probabilistic Bayesian learning framework, it has been widely used in dealing with various recognition problems. In present study we applied RVM as a statistical downscaling method to climate change impact on hydrology and water resources. General circulation models (GCMs) are main tools for study global climate change, however, their simulate results cannot be used directly to evaluate the impact of climate change on hydrology in basin scale for their large and coarse scale. By applying downscaling approach based on RVM, the complex non-linear relationship between the climate factors of GCMs and runoff in basin scale was bridged. The impact of climate change on runoff was assessed by using the established relationship. Comparing with the other two downscaling approach, least support vector machine (LSSVM) and Back propagation neural network (BPNN), the results showed that RVM is suitable for assessing climate change impact on hydrology as rational modeling accuracy and fast modeling speed.
Organic Electronics: An Exciplex Forming Host for Highly Efficient Blue Organic Light Emitting Diodes with Low Driving Voltage (Adv. Funct. Mater. 3/2015) (2015)

Coffee and milk creates rich flavor benefited from both ingredients. The same thing happens in the exciplex system which has great potential to realize highly efficient OLED by forming an exciplex between two different molecules. K.-T. Wong, J.-J. Kim, and co-workers demonstrate on page 361 a novel exciplex forming co-host system composed of N,N'-dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene (mCP) and PO-T2T, resulting in an unprecedented high performance blue phosphorescent OLED.
Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Gastrointestinal Graft Versus Host Disease in Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2009)

Purpose: Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a serious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Among patients who undergo autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT), a similar syndrome involving the skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract and liver has been reported. Recurrent GI-GVHD among ASCT patients has not been reported and is poorly understood as well. In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of autologous GVHD. We report a patient with recurrent autologous GI-GVHD following ASCT for multiple myeloma. Biopsies showed active colitis with numerous ‘apoptotic epithelial cells’ in the colon (Figure 1). With predominant lower GI symptoms, patient had excellent response to budesonide therapy (Figure 2). Budesonide has been studied extensively in Crohn's disease while beclomethasone in GVHD. There are no comparative studies between these drugs for GI-GVHD. Conceivably budesonide works better for lower GI and beclomethasone for upper GI tract involvement. Systemic corticosteroids for GI-GVHD following ASCT can suppress a compromised immunity. GI-GVHD has to be considered when microbiological workup remains negative during workup of persistent diarrhea in ASCT (Table 1). Biopsies should be obtained despite normal endoscopic appearance. GI-GVHD can be recurrent, early initiation of nonabsorbable corticosteroids after diagnosis if proven by biopsy is indicated. Further research into risk factors involving type of chemotherapy, interval between chemotherapies and gene polymorphisms have to be considered for better understanding of autologous GVHD.Table 1: Differential diagnosis for diarrhea following myeloablative chemotherapy and ASCT
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY OF Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O THIN FILMS PREPARED BY MOCVD (1992)

The critical current density and resistivity of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O films of thickness 5 to 300nm prepared by MOCVD have been investigated. Magnetic Fields up to 6T were applied parallel and perpendicular to the film surface. Zero resistance temperatures (Tc0) for all samples were about 70K. Critical current densities (Jc) for all samples (4.2K, zero applied field) were about 1×106A/cm2, but the form of Jc(T) varied with film thickness. This suggested the existence of isolated layers in the film containing different junctions. The films displayed strong anisotropy for magnetic fields applied parallel to, and perpendicular to, the film surface. We suspect this result to originate in the non-penetration of flux quanta (due to the large effective Hc1) and in the potential barrier (surface barrier) to flux penetration at the surface of the thin films in addition to the intrinsic anisotropy of the Bi-based superconductors.
Real-time and non-invasive measurements of cell mechanical behaviour with optical coherence phase microscopy (2017)

There is an unmet need in tissue engineering for non-invasive, label-free monitoring of cell mechanical behaviour in their physiological environment. Here, we describe a novel optical coherence phase microscopy (OCPM) set-up which can map relative cell mechanical behaviour in monolayers and 3D systems non-invasively, and in real-time. 3T3 and MCF-7 cells were investigated, with MCF-7 demonstrating an increased response to hydrostatic stimulus indicating MCF-7 being softer than 3T3. Thus, OCPM shows the ability to provide qualitative data on cell mechanical behaviour. Quantitative measurements of 6% agarose beads have been taken with commercial Cell Scale Microsquisher system demonstrating that their mechanical properties are in the same order of magnitude of cells, indicating that this is an appropriate test sample for the novel method described.
Sleep architecture and regulation of male dusky antechinus, an Australian marsupial (2022)

Sleep architecture in dusky antechinus was broadly similar to that observed in eutherian and marsupial mammals, but with interesting peculiarities. We also provided the first evidence of SWS homeostasis in a marsupial mammal.
Acute and short-term administrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol modulate major gut metabolomic regulatory pathways in C57BL/6 mice (2019)

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive compound in Cannabis, which is studied extensively for its medicinal value. A central gap in the science is the underlying mechanisms surrounding THC's therapeutic effects and the role of gut metabolite profiles. Using a mass-spectrometry based metabolomics, we show here that intraperitoneal injection of THC in C57BL/6 mice modulates metabolic profiles that have previously been identified as integral to health. Specifically, we investigated the effects of acute (single THC injection denoted here as '1X') and short -term (five THC injections on alternate days denoted as '5X') THC administration on fecal and intestinal tissue metabolite profiles. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that THC administration alters host metabolism by targeting two prominent lipid metabolism pathways: glycerophospholipid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis.
Targeted Delivery of GDNF through the Blood–Brain Barrier by MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound (2012)

Neurotrophic factors, such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), are promising therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases. However, the application of GDNF to treat these diseases effectively is limited because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents the local delivery of macromolecular therapeutic agents from entering the central nervous system (CNS). Focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles (MBs) using appropriate parameters has been previously demonstrated to be able to open the BBB locally and noninvasively. This study investigated the targeted delivery of GDNF MBs through the BBB by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided focused ultrasound. Evans Blue extravasation and histological examination were used to determine the optimum focused ultrasound parameters. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to verify the effects of GDNF bound on MBs using a biotin-avidin bridging chemistry method to promote GDNF delivery into the brain. The results showed that GDNF can be delivered locally and noninvasively into the CNS through the BBB using MRI-guided focused ultrasound combined with MBs under optimum parameters. MBs that bind GDNF combined with MRI-guided focused ultrasound may be an effective way of delivering neurotrophic factors directly into the CNS. The method described herein provides a potential means of treating patients with CNS diseases.
Location and composition of silicon derivatives in rice straw pulp obtained by organic acid pulping (2005)

Cooking of rice straw in a mixture of formic acid / acetic acid / water, results in the retention of silicon derivatives in the pulp. Study of the various morphological fractions of the pulp by Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry, shows that the silicon derivatives are essentially localised in epidermic cells where they occur silica and calcium silicate.
„Die Angewandte ist etwas Besonderes“ (2021)

Abstract Die Polymerchemikerin Katharina Landfester ordnet im Angewandte Council die Steuerungsgremien der Zeitschrift Angewandte Chemie neu. Die Nachrichten aus der Chemie sprachen mit ihr über Monster‐Impact‐Faktoren und warum Editoren aus der Wissenschaft einem Fachjournal gut tun.
Combinatorial Chemistry as Applied to the Discovery of Agrochemicals (2002)

Abstract Combinatorial chemistry is a proven tool for lead generation and exploration in the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. In contrast, combinatorial chemistry approaches to lead generation for agrochemical discovery are in their infancy. This report summarizes the first reported examples of the application of combinatorial chemistry or parallel synthesis to the discovery of new fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides for crop protection. The synthesis and biological activity ( in vitro or in vivo ) of each compound library is described. The examples include the synthesis and testing of libraries of discrete small molecules as well as the preparation of pools of compounds and subsequent deconvolution of the active pools. Compound classes covered include amides, esters, ureas, N‐substituted glycines and 2‐amino‐4‐aryloxypyrimidines. These examples clearly demonstrate the potential of the technology to significantly impact the discovery of crop protection chemicals in the coming decade.
Migrating Relational Databases into XML Documents (2020)

This paper aims to devise a method for migrating a relational database (RDB) into an XML document. Database migration is concerned with the process of converting schema and data from a source RDB, as a one-time conversion, into a target XML database to be managed and handled in its new environment. The source schema is enriched semantically and translated into a target schema, and the data stored in the source database is converted into a target database based on the new schema. The semantic enrichment process is requisite to produce an enhanced metadata model from the source database and captures essential characteristics of target XML schema, and suitable for converting RDB data into an XML document. Algorithms are developed for producing the target database according to a set of migration rules to translate all constructs of an RDB into an XML Schema, based on which RDB data is then converted. A prototype system has been implemented and empirically evaluated by testing its results, looking at our achievements and reflecting on the results. From the evaluation of results, it is concluded that the proposed solution is efficient and correct.
Tricyclic Heteroaromatic Systems. Synthesis and A1 and A2a Adenosine Binding Activities of Some 1-Aryl-1,4-dihydro-3-methyl[1]benzopyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4-ones, 1-Aryl-4,9-dihydro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolin-4-ones, and 1-Aryl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]quinoxalines (1995)

The syntheses and A1 and A2a adenosine binding activities of some new 1-aryl-1,4-dihydro-3-methyl[1]benzopyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4-ones, 1-aryl-4,9-dihydro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]-quinolin-4-ones, and 1-aryl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]quinoxalines are reported. Some compounds show A1 adenosine receptor affinity and selectivity. Structure-activity relationships on these new classes of adenosine receptor ligands are defined.
A Low-Cost Solution for Protecting IPs Against Scan-Based Side-Channel Attacks (2006)

Scan designs used for testing also provide an easily accessible port for hacking. In this paper, we present a new low-cost secure scan design that is effective against scan-based side-channel attacks. By integrating a test key into test vectors that are scanned into the chip, testing and accessing scan chains are guaranteed to be allowed only by an authorized user. Any attempt to use the scan chain without a verified test vector will result in a randomized output preventing potential side-channel attacks. The proposed technique has a negligible area overhead, has no negative impact on chip performance, and places several levels of security over the scan chain protecting it from potential attacks.
The current status of microwave induced hyperthermia and radiotherapy for the treatment of recurrent breast cancer (1995)

Hyperthermia involves the use of heat as a technique for the treatment of cancer patients. It has been most often employed with radiotherapy, and more recently, with chemotherapy. The purposes of this paper are to highlight some electromagnetic techniques that have proved useful in clinical practice and to present a summary of the results of a clinical trial involving microwave induced hyperthermia and radiotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer carried out at the Hammersmith Hospital, London. The results of this trial are placed in context with other recent results. Finally, a summary of the areas where further technical development is likely to lead to improvements in clinical practice is presented. (6 pages)
The geometry factor in photoprocesses on irregular (fractal) surfaces. 1. Static considerations (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe geometry factor in photoprocesses on irregular (fractal) surfaces. 1. Static considerationsDavid AvnirCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 10, 2931–2938Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00244a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00244a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Source/drain germanium condensation for p-channel strained ultra-thin body transistors (2006)

This paper reports a novel technique to fabricate uniaxial compressive strained p-channel transistors with silicon-germanium (SiGe) source and drain (S/D) stressors. The process involves local Ge condensation of a selectively grown SiGe region, thus driving Ge into and enriching the Ge concentration in the source and drain regions adjacent to the transistor channel. The process is particularly suitable for ultra-thin-body (UTB) transistors since it eliminates the need for a Si recess etch prior to SiGe epitaxy. In addition, the required thermal budget for Ge condensation is not prohibitive for UTB structures. High Ge mole fraction could be achieved in the S/D regions, leading to higher strain levels in the transistor channel. We demonstrate the feasibility of this technique in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) P-MOSFETs with a gate length L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> of 90 nm. Drive current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Dsat</sub> enhancement of up to 35% was observed
Pressure dependence of interfacial resistance in pellets made from GeS 2 ‐Ga 2 S 3 ‐Li 2 S‐LiI glass powder (2018)

Abstract The interfacial resistance and capacitance in pellets made from GeS 2 ‐Ga 2 S 3 ‐Li 2 S‐LiI glass powder are studied under uniaxial compression. By varying the pressure, remarkable change in the geometric dimension of the interfacial resistance and capacitance is observed. Assuming that the interfacial resistance and capacitance arise from the contact region between the powder particles, a quantitative model is established that well describes the geometric dimension change in the interfacial resistance and capacitance. This work emphasizes that ameliorating the contact between the particles is one of the most important methods to reduce the interfacial resistance in the powder‐type ionic‐conduction devices made from highly‐conductive sulfide solid electrolyte powders.
SU-8 based Cantilever Biosensor with the Electrospray Deposited Protein Film (2003)

As a method to detect the interaction of bio-macromolecules with their specific ligands, especially protein-ligand binding, this paper presents a new method to integrate cantilevers made from SU-8 and protein films fabricated by electrospray deposition. We decided to use SU-8 cantilever, since the deflection of cantilever is in inverse proportion to Young's modulus and SU-8 has a Young's modulus of about 4GPa, which is much lower than one of silicon and silicon nitride (190 GPa and 385 GPa, respectively). To increase the density of protein immobilized on the cantilever, electrospray deposition was used. Electrospray-deposited protein film has porous structure of protein molecules, so that more molecules on the same area of cantilever can bind their ligands. In this experiment, α-lactalbumin was used as a protein and it was proved that our system was useful to detect protein-ligand interactions.
Gain-Bandwidth-Limited Response in Long- Wavelength Avalanche Photodiodes (1984)

The gain-bandwidth(GB)-limited response of Ino.53Gao.47As/ InP heterostructure avalanche photodiodes (APD's) and related devices used in long-wavelength digital optical receivers is calculated. We find that these diodes, as currently designed, are useful at bit rates B 6 2 Gbit/s when employed in conjunction with high-sensitivity optical receivers. Response at higher bit rates may be obtained depending on the details of device design. On the other hand, use of poor-quality receivers that require moderate-to-high values of optimum gain can significantly degrade the performance of heterostructure APD's at high bit rates due to GB limitations. We also show that APD receiver band- width can be expressed in terms of the sensitivity obtained using the receiver in conjunction with a p-i-n photodiode. It is found that the re-
A Histidine-rich Cluster Mediates the Ubiquitination and Degradation of the Human Zinc Transporter, hZIP4, and Protects against Zinc Cytotoxicity (2007)

Zinc is an essential nutrient. Genetic evidence for this nutritional requirement in humans is the zinc deficiency disease, acrodermatitis enteropathica. This disorder is caused by mutations in hZIP4 (SLC39A4), a zinc importer required for zinc uptake in enterocytes and other cell types. Studies in mice have demonstrated that levels of the mZIP4 mRNA are reduced by elevated dietary zinc, resulting in a decreased abundance of the ZIP4 protein at the plasma membrane. Moreover, studies in cultured cells have demonstrated that low micromolar concentrations of zinc stimulate the endocytosis of the mZIP4 protein resulting in a reduction in cellular zinc uptake. In this study, we demonstrate an additional level of hZIP4 regulation involving ubiquitination and degradation of this transporter in elevated zinc concentrations. Mutational analysis identified a cytoplasmic histidine-rich domain that was essential for ubiquitin-dependent degradation of ZIP4 and protection against zinc toxicity. However, this motif was dispensable for zinc-induced endocytosis. These findings indicate that ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the ZIP4 protein is critical for regulating zinc homeostasis in response to the upper tier of physiological zinc concentrations, via a process that is distinct from zinc-stimulated endocytosis.