gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing energy efficiency standards for low voltage distribution transformers (2011)

The energy efficiency of low voltage, dry type, distribution transformers is influenced primarily by the imposition of energy efficiency regulations and by the operational conditions imposed on the transformers. This study, in part, examines the energy efficiency regulations that govern the measurement and specification of energy efficiency for low voltage, dry type, distribution transformers and evaluates whether the requirement used to certify the transformer efficiency is optimized for minimizing power loss. In the U.S., regulations are mandated for transformer efficiency. With the demand for electricity increasing every year, improvement in transformer efficiency at the point of use under operational conditions will conserve energy. This study investigates whether the current energy efficiency rulemaking, that establishes transformer efficiency at only one point on the load curve, provides the level of energy savings expected by government rulemakings, and evaluates alternate methods for specifying transformer efficiency. This study also attempts to characterize the operational load levels experienced by these transformers, including seasonal and daily load variations, and relates the operational load levels to the efficiency standard and alternate methods. The study also demonstrates the importance of considering transformers and distribution networks as part of a system when evaluating the implementation of other energy efficiency improvements, and how it impacts the optimization of power consumption within commercial facilities. Recommendations are presented for improving transformer rulemakings and for system considerations to realize higher energy savings in commercial and industrial facilities.
Multimer Radical Ions and Electron/Hole Localization in Polyatomic Molecular Liquids: A Critical Review (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical Aspects of Offset Printing (1994)

In the last ten years, offset printing has achieved the broadest application on the printing market due to its inherent advantages. Light sensitive offset plates for contact UV exposure are mainly used at present. The chemistry of these plates are based on the photoreactions of quinone diazides, diazo resins and radical photopolymers. For the further development of offset printing plates the improvement of the light sensitivity and extension of spectral sensitivity to the visible range is a market-driven requirement to realize transfer of computer stored informations by laser. For this requirement electrophotographic systems, systems based on silver halides and photoinduced polymerizations are most important. New literature data dealing with these systems in relation to printing plates are summarized.
Probability-Based Combination for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks (2009)

To take advantage of time-varying spectrum opportunities, a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cognitive</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">radio</i> (CR) network monitors the dynamic usage of the licensed band through cooperative spectrum sensing. In this paper, we propose a probability-based scheme for combination of spectrum sensing information collected from several CR users. Different from conventional cooperative spectrum sensing schemes that assume synchronous local sensing information, our scheme enables combination of both synchronous and asynchronous sensing information by utilizing the statistics of licensed band occupancy. In our scheme, the amount of information from each CR user is flexible and a simplified implementation is also feasible under a symmetrical case. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheme is robust and superior in terms of detection performance.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin (1985)

Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MABs) specific for Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin were produced by fusion of P3X63Ag8.653 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with purified enterotoxin. Wells containing hybridomas secreting immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against enterotoxin were specifically identified by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and 10 ELISA-positive hybridomas were selected and cloned twice by limiting dilution. All 10 hybridomas produced MABs containing immunoglobulin G1 heavy chains and kappa (kappa) light chains. These hybridomas were then grown as ascitic tumors in mice, and MABs were purified from the ascites fluids with DEAE Affi-gel blue. The specificity of the MABs for enterotoxin was demonstrated by immunoblotting and ELISA. Competitive radioimmunoassay with 125I-MABs suggests that these MABs recognized at least four epitopes on the enterotoxin molecule. The enterotoxin-neutralizing ability of MABs from both hybridoma culture supernatants and ascites fluids was assessed by using a 3H-nucleotide-release Vero (African green monkey kidney) cell assay. Only 2 of the 10 hybridomas produced MABs which completely (greater than 90%) neutralized the biologic activity of enterotoxin. Preincubation of 125I-enterotoxin with MABs demonstrated that MAB neutralizing ability correlated with MAB-specific inhibition of specific binding of enterotoxin to intestinal brush border membranes.
Infusion of atrial natriuretic hormone in DOCA/salt and spontaneously hypertensive rats (1989)

The effects of a 6-day infusion of atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) on blood pressure and urinary sodium excretion were determined in conscious DOCA/salt and spontaneously hypertensive rats. The DOCA/salt rats were randomly divided into two groups after 4 weeks and either infused by osmotic minipump with 32.5 pmol/h of ANH in 0.1% gelatin vehicle or sham operated with emplacement of a blind cannula. Thirteen-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats were studied in a similar fashion. The baseline systolic blood pressure prior to the infusion was 176 +/- 7 mmHg (x +/- SEM) in the ANH group and 169 +/- 5 mmHg in the sham group of DOCA/salt animals. The ANH infusion in the DOCA/salt animals dropped their blood pressure to 160 +/- 10 mmHg (p less than 0.01) compared to that in the sham controls which continued to rise to 200 +/- 7 mmHg. The blood pressure response to ANH infusion in the spontaneously hypertensive rats was slightly greater, with a blood pressure of 192 +/- 5 mmHg in the sham group and 132 +/- 3 mmHg in the ANH-infused animals. ANH infusion produces a qualitatively similar blood pressure response in the DOCA/salt rat as well as the other hypertensive models. This response is relatively less on a quantitative basis than that observed in the spontaneously hypertensive rats and is not related to changes in sodium balance or volume contraction.
Movie S1 from An Oncolytic Virus Expressing a T-cell Engager Simultaneously Targets Cancer and Immunosuppressive Stromal Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Time-lapse sequence of uninfected control cultures of DLD, NHDF, and T cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Echo-endoscopic en Italie : situation en 2005 (2005)

A la lumière d’une évaluation rétrospective des données, nous pouvons dire qu’en Italie, l’activité s’accroît dans le domaine du diagnostic par PAF-EE dans un nombre suffisant de centres (Fig. 6). En revanche, les nouvelles techniques thérapeutiques interventionnelles sous contrôle EE se mettent plus difficilement en place. Les principales techniques thérapeutiques, (drainage de collections liquidiennes sous échographie guidée et neurolyse du plexus cœliaque) ne sont réalisées en routine que dans les principaux centres de référence. En 2004, tant à Bologne qu’à Turin, nous avons eu la possibilité d’utiliser et d’évaluer un nouveau prototype d’échoendoscope à balayage radiaire électronique de 360° (XGF-UE140-AL5), mis au point en octobre 2003 par la firme Olympus (Tokyo, Japan). Cet instrument procure des images radiaires de 360° du tractus gastro-intestinal et des structures avoisinantes et permet une analyse des tissus par Doppler couleur et par l’imagerie US harmonique (Fig. 7). En outre, dans certains centres, nous expérimentons le rehaussement ultrasonore par produit de contraste, un nouveau logiciel en 3D mis au point par Olympus (MAJ-1330) et également la sonoélastographie. En conclusion, en dépit de la persistance de plusieurs problèmes, nous avons assisté en Italie, au cours de ces 3 dernières années, à d’importants progrès en terme de nombre et de qualité des examens, d’amélioration dans l’organisation et la communication entre les échoendoscopistes. Dans ce contexte, le Club Italien d’EE fait preuve de son excellente vitalité et de sa capacité à apporter une réponse appropriée aux exigences de formation dans ce domaine. Coming back to the results of our surveys we must say that in Italy the way is still uphill about an adequate spreading of the diagnostic EUS-FNA in a sufficient number of centres (Fig. 6). Even more difficult is the diffusion of the new interventional therapeutic procedures under EUS guidance. The main therapeutic procedures, i.e. EUS-guided collections drainage and celiac plexus neurolysis, are routinely performed only in the major referral centres. During 2004 in Bologna and Turin we have the opportunity of investigate and evaluate the potential of the new prototype of an ultrasound endoscope with a 360° electronic radial scanner (XGF-UE140-AL5), developed in October 2003 by Olympus (Tokyo, Japan). This instrument can provide adequate 360° radial images of the GI tract and surrounding structures also with colour-Doppler and tissue harmonic imaging capabilities (Fig. 7). Furthermore in some centres we are experiencing the contrast-enhanced EUS, the new 3D software manufactured by Olympus (MAJ-1330) and also sonoelastography. In conclusion despite several still existing problems in the last 3 years EUS in Italy showed good progress in terms of number and quality of procedures, improvement in organization and communication between endosonographers. In this environment the EUS Italian Club demonstrated a good vitality and the capability of giving adequate response to the training requirements.
The contribution of autoantibodies to post-translationally modified proteins to inflammatory arthritis (2016)

Current evidence is pointing to the notion that especially a combination of antimodified protein antibodies associates best with clinical phenotype and outcome.
Isolation and partial characterization of a soluble mucin in human pancreatic juice (1991)

Morphological and histochemical abnormalities in pancreatic mucin occur in many pancreatic disorders. However, the composition of pancreatic mucin is poorly understood. Purified mucin was isolated from pure pancreatic juice by sequential chromatography on Sepharose CL-2B and CL-4B followed by CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation. The mucin preparation consists of 24% protein and 73% carbohydrate. Reduction of the macromolecule (greater than 2 x 10(6)) by mercaptoethanol resulted in the formation of subunits of molecular weight 500,000 and released several small molecular weight proteins, including a glycoprotein of an average molecular weight of 116,000. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis separated the mucin into three species of different staining properties for periodic acid-Schiff reagent and Alcian blue, suggesting the presence of microheterogeneity with respect to sulphation and sialation. Threonine, serine, and proline composed 48% of the total amino acids, while the oligosaccharide moiety contained N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, fucose, galactose, sialic acid, and sulphate. We also detected the presence of C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acids which were probably noncovalently bound to the pancreatic mucin.
Ermüdungsrisswachstum bei zyklischer Belastung mit konstanter Amplitude (2009)

Bauteile und Strukturen sind vielfach zeitlich veränderlichen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Dabei können sich die Belastungsgrößen, z. B eine wirkende Kraft F, ein wirkendes Moment M, eine ins Bauteil eingeleitete Spannung σ, derart zeitlich ändern, dass eine Belastung mit konstanter Amplitude, Belastung mit variabler Amplitude oder eine einmalige Stoßbelastung vorliegt, siehe z. B. Kapitel 1.1. Wiederholte zeitliche Änderungen der Belastung führen unter bestimmten Bedingungen zum Ermüdungsrisswachstum. Stoßbelastungen können dagegen zum plötzlichen Bruch des Bauteils führen.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Targeting CD20<sup>+</sup> Aggressive B-cell Non–Hodgkin Lymphoma by Anti-CD20 CAR mRNA-Modified Expanded Natural Killer Cells <i>In Vitro</i> and in NSG Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Fig.S5: exPBNK cells tracking and persistence in vivo (A) exPBNK cells were labeled with DID and iv injected into NSG mice. 8 days later after NK injection, mice were sacrificed and organs (lung, liver, spleen, kidney, heart) and bones were collected and washed with D-PBS. Fluorescent imagings were acquired and analyzed by using LIVING IMAGE (Xenogen). (B) Single cell suspensions were obtained from lung, liver and spleen and analyzed by flow cytometry to detect DID labeled exPBNK cells. (C) 1x10*7 mock exPBNK or CAR exPBNK cells were IV injected to Raji-Luc xenografted mice through the tail veins. Peripheral blood was collected at the indicated time point after NK NK injection. Circulated NK cells from mock exPBNK group and CAR exPBNK group were quantified using the Trucount method by flow cytometry analysis with anti-CD56-PE antibodies.&lt;/p&gt;
A new device for assessing changes in skin viscoelasticity using indentation and optical measurement (2010)

The device developed is capable of tracking the viscoelastic response of skin to minimal indentation. The high precision achieved using low-cost materials means that the device could be a viable alternative to current technologies.
Optimal‐grade transition strategies for multistage polyolefin reactors (1999)

Abstract Polymer‐producing companies normally produce many polymer grades in each polymerization reactor train according to customer demands; therefore, many grade‐transition operations are necessary. However, the determination of these optimal strategies is difficult. To solve this problem, several sample simulations showing the optimal solutions of grade‐transition strategies for multistage olefin polymerization reactors with bimodal products were performed. The methodology utilized a dynamic process simulator, POLYRED, coupled to a sequential quadratic programming, nonlinear optimization algorithm, by using two different objective functions with and without state constraints. It is shown that the most beneficial case of using the optimization technology is the grade transition where the hydrogen content in a reactor must be decreased and/or constraints are imposed on state variables.
Automatic Mechanical Irrigation Gates (1969)

Small automatic irrigation gates for farm distribution systems are\nbeing developed to improve the efficiency of water use and to save labour.\nTwo general classes of gates are described : (1) fully automatic gates which\noperate from the energy of water flowing in the ditch and which require a\nminimum of attention from the operator ; and (2) semi-automatic gates\nwhich require resetting or moving at each irrigation. The structures are\ndesigned to divert water for a predetermined period of time from a farm\ndistribution ditch onto one portion of a field after another in sequence.\nThey are normally used in pairs.
Advances in plant resistance to cold (2006)

Low temperature stress is one of the main obstacle factors influencing the normal growth of plants.The plant resistance to cold,especially cash crops,has direct impact on the crop production.In the last twenty years,large amount of studies have been taken on the plant resistance to cold.The appraisal of plant resistance to cold have been known,the physiological and biochemical mechanism of plant cold resistance and the relationship between physiological indexes and plant cold resistance was further known.Through molecular marker technologies,the cold resistance gene was analyzed at molecular level and some genes correlated with cold resistance have been got.In the future,the integrated evaluation indexes of cold resistance should be perfected and it should be further studied in more growth durations of plant,especially in adult plant stage,and all kinds of methods especially biotechnologies will be applied to investigate the molecular mechanism of cold resistance in molecular level.
Associations Between the Serum Metabolome and All-Cause Mortality Among African Americans in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (2020)

Early and accurate identification of people at high risk of premature death may assist in the targeting of preventive therapies in order to improve overall health. To identify novel biomarkers for all-cause mortality, we performed untargeted metabolomics in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. We included 1,887 eligible ARIC African Americans, and 671 deaths occurred during a median follow-up period of 22.5 years (1987–2011). Chromatography and mass spectroscopy identified and quantitated 204 serum metabolites, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the longitudinal associations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Nine metabolites, including cotinine, mannose, glycocholate, pregnendiol disulfate, α-hydroxyisovalerate, N-acetylalanine, andro-steroid monosulfate 2, uridine, and γ-glutamyl-leucine, showed independent associations with all-cause mortality, with an average risk change of 18% per standard-deviation increase in metabolite level (P < 1.23 × 10−4). A metabolite risk score, created on the basis of the weighted levels of the identified metabolites, improved the predictive ability of all-cause mortality over traditional risk factors (bias-corrected Harrell's C statistic 0.752 vs. 0.730). Mannose and glycocholate were associated with cardiovascular mortality (P < 1.23 × 10−4), but predictive ability was not improved beyond the traditional risk factors. This metabolomic analysis revealed potential novel biomarkers for all-cause mortality beyond the traditional risk factors.
Application of three dimensional finite element analysis to electron beam welding of a high pressure compressor drum rotor (1995)

Finite Element Analysis capability for application to welding has been developed and enhanced during a two year Cooperative Research and Development Agreement(CRADA) between Pratt & Whitney, United Technologies Research Center, and Sandia National Laboratories. Because of the nature of electron beam welding at Pratt & Whitney -- set-up is time consuming, the parts to be welded are complicated, and experimentation is costly -- finite element analysis has found many potential applications. The results of most interest in these analyses are the residual stress and final distortion of the component. The work has made use of the Sandia finite element codes JACQ3D, for thermal analysis, and JAS3D, for mechanical analysis. Both codes use an efficient, non-linear conjugate gradient solution technique, which enables large problems to be solved on engineering workstations. This presentation describes several technical challenges that were overcome in the application of the Sandia codes to this class of problems. Stress and distortion results predicted for an electron beam weld of a PW4000 gas turbine engine drum rotor will also be discussed.
Functions of Human Decidual NK Cells (1996)

The main population of lymphocytes found in the human decidua during early pregnancy are NK‐like cells with a distinctive phenotype, CD56 bright CD16 − CD3 − . These cells are in close association with invading trophoblast that may be their in vivo target. We have examined three aspects of decidual NK function in vitro: cytotoxicity, proliferation, and cytokine production. The functional assays indicate uterine lymphocytes differ fundamentally from both PBL and even from classical circulating NK cells. Their role in the establishment of normal pregnancy remains unknown.
Sensitized Luminescent Terbium Nanoparticles:  Preparation and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Assay for DNA (2006)

A highly luminescent terbium nanoparticle as the biolabel based on the sensitization of a dye molecule was prepared. The luminescent complexes included in the particles were composed of a quinolone-based dye molecule as the light-energy transfer donor and a polyaminocarboxylate-based chelator with excellent water-solubility and a high binding constant for lanthanides. The structure of two functional entities in the single molecule made the complex highly luminescent in aqueous solution. Silica nanoparticles containing terbium complexes were prepared by the reverse microemulsion method. Such a terbium nanoparticle is as bright as about 340 free terbium complexes, and it has a 1.5-ms fluorescence lifetime that enables it to be used in the time-resolved fluorescence assays. The conjugate of the nanoparticle with oligonucleotide was prepared and used to carry out a DNA sandwich hybridization assay based on magnetic microbeads as solid-phase carrier. The experimental results showed that the detection sensitivity with the nanoparticles is more than 100-fold as high as that with dye Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) molecules.
RED parameters and performance of TCPconnections (2001)

The problem of transmission control protocol (TCP) traffic with random early detection (RED) is addressed. With the formulation of stochastic differential equation (SDE), an explicit expression for the relation between RED parameters and network parameters is given, which may help set RED parameters for good network performance and the desired average queue level. The result is verified by simulation experiments using ns-2.
Serum Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity Predicts Prognosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (2012)

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major health problem, and there are few biomarkers for predicting prognosis. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a potent immunoregulatory molecule, catalyzes the rate-limiting step of tryptophan (Trp) degradation in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. An increase in IDO activity determined by the serum Trp/Kyn ratio has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in cancers and bacteremia. In TB, however, there are no studies measuring serum IDO activity to determine its clinical significance. We evaluated serum IDO activity with 174 pulmonary TB (PTB) patients and 85 controls, using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. IDO activity was estimated by calculating the serum Kyn-to-Trp ratio. PTB patients had significantly higher Kyn concentrations and IDO activity and significantly lower Trp concentrations (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001, respectively) than the controls. Of 174 PTB patients, 39 (22.4%) died. The patients who died had significantly higher concentrations of Kyn and significantly lower Trp concentrations, resulting in significantly higher IDO activity (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001, respectively). In a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, serum IDO activity had the highest area under the curve (0.850), and this activity was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. These results suggest that serum IDO activity can be used as a novel prognostic marker in PTB.
Supplementary Figure S5 from IFNγ Induces DNA Methylation–Silenced GPR109A Expression via pSTAT1/p300 and H3K18 Acetylation in Colon Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S5: Immunohistochemical staining of CD8+ T cell infiltration level in colon carcinoma tissues from 10 patients. The brown color indicates specific CD8+ T cells.&lt;/p&gt;