gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Markovian approach for 3D reconstruction of vessels from two views</title> (1993)

A method to reconstruct vessel lumens, based on constrained reconstruction of serial cross- sections from two digital angiographic projections, is proposed. Each cross-section is reconstructed by a binary matrix from its two densitometric data projections, with ambiguities on the reconstruction removed by a priori knowledge. A probabilistic approach in which properties of the expected solution are described through a Markov Random Field (MRF) model was chosen to facilitate incorporation of a priori information on the vessel segment to be reconstructed. The best solution amongst all possible ones is obtained by the implementation of an optimization algorithm based on Simulated Annealing. An initial configuration consisting of the ellipse of best fit is constructed and then imposed to guarantee rapid convergence to the optimal solution. This initial configuration is then deformed to be made consistent with projection data while being constrained into a connected realistic shape. The MRF model parameters have been estimated on 2D synthetic slices, from systematic quality reconstruction measurements. The method provides a good reconstruction of complex shapes, and can be applied to single pathologic vessels as well as to branchings. The method thus far has only been validated on peripheral arteries and bifurcations.
Heterojunction field effect transistor laser (1990)

A successful demonstration of a heterojunction field effect transistor laser is described. A typical threshold current of 45 mA in a laser mode and a transconductance of 62 mS in a FET mode are obtained for the same device.
Characterization of Bessel beams generated by polymeric microaxicons (2012)

We present a quick, simple and accurate digital holographic characterization of the Bessel beams produced by polymeric microaxicons. This technique allows the numerical reconstruction of both intensity and phase of the beam at whichever point starting from a single acquired hologram. From these data, it is possible to go back to the axicon structure, and to gather information about their characteristics. In particular, the focal length and the depth of focus of the axicon lens are experimentally measured, and the full width at half maximum of the beam is obtained too. The depth of focus, very large for a Bessel beam with respect to a Gaussian one, is successfully exploited for optical trapping of micrometric objects.
<title>Roads extraction through texture from aerial and high-resolution satellite images</title> (2001)

There have been many approaches to the extraction of roads. Even though the complete automatic interpretation of aerial or satellite images is still remote, it is possible to obtain sound results from some images under some conditions. In this work we will show the importance of texture and second order statistics in the recognition of roads from satellite and aerial images. Since this type of images is in general registered, the images can be combine with other information from a GIS. In this work vector layers for roads networks are used in combination with raster aerial or satellite images. Several results with high-resolution satellite and aerial images are presented. Shadows and other obstacles caused some mistakes and they present a problem that remains to be tackled. Despite all this, the importance of texture for the extraction of roads is proven. Future work toward a complete automation introducing new information layers from a GIS is also discussed.
Epigenetic silencing of a multifunctional plant stress regulator (2019)

The central regulator of the ethylene (ET) signaling pathway, which controls a plethora of developmental programs and responses to environmental cues in plants, is ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2). Here we identify a chromatin-dependent regulatory mechanism at <i>EIN2</i> requiring two genes: ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE6 (EIN6), which is a H3K27me3 demethylase also known as <i>RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING6</i> (<i>REF6</i>), and EIN6 ENHANCER (EEN), the <i>Arabidopsis</i> homolog of the yeast INO80 chromatin remodeling complex subunit <i>IES6</i> (<i>INO EIGHTY SUBUNIT</i>). Strikingly, EIN6 (REF6) and the INO80 complex redundantly control the level and the localization of the repressive histone modification H3K27me3 and the histone variant H2A.Z at the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) intron of <i>EIN2</i>. Concomitant loss of EIN6 (REF6) and the INO80 complex shifts the chromatin landscape at <i>EIN2</i> to a repressive state causing a dramatic reduction of <i>EIN2</i> expression. These results uncover a unique type of chromatin regulation which safeguards the expression of an essential multifunctional plant stress regulator.
A High‐Surface‐Area Carbon‐Coated 3D Nickel Nanomesh for Li–O2 Batteries (2019)

Nanostructured electrodes show great promises for application in batteries and could improve their energy and power density. Herein, a carbon-coated 3D Ni nanomesh was used as an air cathode for non-aqueous Li-air (O<sub>2</sub> ) battery applications. A 3 μm thick 3D Ni nanomesh was fabricated, showing an excellent surface area/footprint area ratio (90 cm<sup>2</sup> :1 cm<sup>2</sup> ) and uniformly distributed pores, on which a conformal amorphous carbon coating was applied for the first time. This carbon-coated 3D Ni nanomesh showed an approximately 100 times larger charge-footprint capacity than that of the glassy carbon electrode. Owing to its tunable properties, a capacity higher than 6 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> could be achieved for a carbon-coated 3D Ni nanomesh with a thickness of 100 μm, whereas the practical capacities of current air electrodes are in the range of 2 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> .
Radiation-Induced Cationic Curing of Vinyl-Ether-Functionalized Urethane Oligomers (1990)

Vinyl ether terminated urethane (VEU) oligomers were prepared by reacting hydroxy vinyl ethers with isocyanates. These materials were chain extended with polyols and combined with divinyl ether monomers to produce radiation curable coating formulations. Cationic curing was induced by UV or electron beam irradiation in the presence of a triaryl sulfomium salt catalyst. Curing occured at high speeds and produced coatings with desirable physical properties.
DISPERSED OIL IMPACT ON FROTH STABILITY IN FLOTATION (2001)

Foam stability in flotation has been studied for more than half of the last century, however, the mechanisms responsible for the defoaming action of many presently used reagents are not completely understood. This research presents oil flotation data, which may be used in the evaluation of aqueous methods for oily soil treatment. MIBC (isobutylcarbinol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol) and C12E10 (polyoxyethylene 10 lauryl ether) were used as surfactants. Dynamic and static froth stability in the presence of emulsified paraffin oil was determined as a function of the surfactant concentration. The froth stability was examined for the O/W emulsion only and combined with silica particles (-38µm) suspension. The entry, spreading and bridging coefficients were determined to elucidate the mechanism of oil interaction in the froth phase.
Whole-Body MR Imaging in 30 Seconds with Real-Time True FISP and a Continuously Rolling Table Platform: Feasibility Study (2001)

A technique for whole-body magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in only 30 seconds was developed on the basis of a rolling table platform with integrated surface coils and real-time true fast imaging with steady-state precession. In five patients, all hepatic and pulmonary lesions with a diameter exceeding 8 mm were detected by using thoracic and abdominal helical computed tomography as the reference method. Whole-body MR imaging with real-time true fast imaging with steady-state precession is feasible and may be suitable for tumor screening and staging.
The Influence of Driving Time upon Shopping Center Preference (1968)

Perhaps the most surprising thing about our knowledge of planned shopping centers is the gap of quantitative information available on the subject. The literature abounds with judgments, insights, and discussions on the significance of population, household income, and similar variables; but presentations of a statistical nature are few and far between.This article considers the trade area dimensions of shopping centers by observing, in a quantitative manner, the significance of travel time on customer behavior.
Facile Synthesis of Active Antitubercular, Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Agents: A Michael Addition Approach. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tetracycline and quinacrine in the control of malignant pleural effusions.A randomized trial (1978)

Eighteen patients with advanced metastatic malignancy who had 21 pleural effusions requiring sclerosis for control were randomly allocated to intrapleural therapy with tetracycline or quinacrine. Tetracycline produced partial or complete control of the effusion in ten of 12 trials for a median duration of 6 months (range 1.5 to 22 months). Partial or complete control was obtained in nine of ten trials with quinacrine, for a median duration of 3 months (range 1 to 13 months). All complete responders who died achieved control of their effusions until their terminal admissions despite clinical evidence of overt systemic tumor progression in the intervening period. Single-dose tetracycline therapy was accompanied by less fever (p less than 0.04) and less pleuritic pain (p = 0.09) than quinacrine. Tetracycline is effective, well tolerated, easily administered, and should be considered as the initial therapy for malignant pleural effusions requiring pleural sclerosis.
Microbubble Response to Finite Amplitude Waveforms (1986)

Prediction of the response of gaseous micronuclei to ultrasonic waves is complicated by the finite amplitude distortion associated with high intensity acoustic outputs. Typical finite amplitude pulses consist of a sharp positive spike followed by a comparatively small, slowly varying negative pressure. This paper computes the response of microbubbles to acoustic fields which have these temporal characteristics. The reaults show that (a) neither the instantaneous intensity nor the maximum intensity of the distorted pulse are good predictors of bubble response, (b) the shape of bubble response is more influenced by the negative extreme than the positive spike of the distorted pulse, (c) the harmonics components appearing in the distorted pulse have little effect on the bubble respome.
Advancement and new perspectives of using formulated reactive amine blends for post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture technologies (2016)

Chemical absorption using amine–based solvents have proven to be the most studied, as well as the most reliable and efficient technology for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from exhaust gas streams and synthesis gas in all combustion and industrial processes. The application of single amine–based solvents especially the very reactive monoethanolamine (MEA) is associated with a parasitic energy demand for solvent regeneration. Since regeneration energy accounts for up to three–quarters of the plant operating cost, efforts in its reduction have prompted the idea of using blended amine solvents. This review paper highlights the success achieved in blending amine solvents and the recent and future technologies aimed at increasing the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient, absorption rate, cyclic capacity and greatly minimizing both degradation and the energy for solvent regeneration. The importance of amine biodegradability (BOD) and low ecotoxicity as well as low amine volatility is also highlighted. Costs and energy penalty indices that influences the capital and operating costs of CO2 capture process was also highlighted. A new experimental method for simultaneously estimating amine cost, degradation rate, regeneration energy and reclaiming energy is also proposed in this review paper.
Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography in Metabolome Analysis (2015)

Metabolomics deals with analysis of highly complex biological samples resulting in insufficient separation of relevant metabolites from matrix substances with one-dimensional liquid chromatography. Comprehensive twodimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) is a promising technique for the analysis of complex samples because of its increased peak capacity. Comprehensive 2D-LC-MS/MS has been applied for a targeted metabolomics approach regarding metabolites from RNA catabolism. Combination of a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column with a Zorbax Bonus-RP column resulted in increased peak capacity, minimisation of matrix effects and excellent reproducibility.
Vertebral Volumetric Bone Density and Strength are Impaired in Women with Low-weight and Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (2016)

Int.vBMD and estimated vertebral strength (driven by Int.vBMD) are impaired across the AN weight spectrum and are associated with low BMI and endocrine dysfunction, both current and previous. Women with atypical AN experience diminished vertebral strength, partially due to prior low-weight and/or amenorrhea. Lack of current low-weight or amenorrhea in atypical AN does not preclude compromise of vertebral strength.
Total Ionizing Dose Effects on a Radiation-Hardened CMOS Image Sensor Demonstrator for ITER Remote Handling (2017)

Total ionizing dose effects are studied on a radiation hardened by design (RHBD) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$256\times 256$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -pixel CMOS image sensor (CIS) demonstrator developed for ITER remote handling by using X- and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> -ray irradiations. The (color) imaging capabilities of the RHBD CIS are demonstrated up to 10 MGy (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), 1 Grad (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), validating the radiation hardness of most of the designed integrated circuit. No significant sensitivity (i.e., responsivity and color filter transmittance) or readout noise degradation is observed. The proposed readout chain architecture allows achieving a maximum output voltage swing larger than 1 V at 10 MGy (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). The influence of several pixel layout (the gate oxide thickness, the gate overlap distance, and the use of an in-pixel P+ ring) and manufacturing process parameters (photodiode doping profile and process variation) on the radiation-induced dark current increase is studied. The nature of the dark current draining mechanism used to cancel most of the radiation-induced degradation is also discussed and clarified.
Resonant Capacitor On/Off Control of Half-Bridge LLC Converter for High-Efficiency Server Power Supply (2016)

In this paper, a simple control method of the half-bridge (HB) LLC converter with one additional switch and capacitor in the primary side is proposed for wide-input-voltage applications with the hold-up time conditions. At nominal input, since the proposed method enables the HB LLC converter to operate with large transformer magnetizing inductance, it can reduce the conduction and switch turn-off losses in the primary side, which makes it highly efficient. On the other hand, during the hold-up time, since the proposed method increases the resonant capacitance by turning on one additional switch, the HB LLC converter can obtain high-voltage gain. To confirm the validity of the HB LLC converter with the proposed method, a 325-385 V input and 56 V/350 W output laboratory prototype is built and tested.
A Novel, One-Step Palladium and Phenylsilane Activated Amidation from Allyl Ester on Solid Support (2008)

The direct conversion of solid-supported carboxylic acid allyl esters to carboxamides through the use of phenylsilane and catalytic Pd under mild reaction conditions is reported. The use of this methodology for the generation of a 48 compound solid-phase array is described herein.
On-chip catalysis using a lithographically fabricated glass microreactor—the dehydration of alcohols using sulfated zirconia (2000)

A heated microreactor has been fabricated for heterogeneous catalysis, employing channels microfabricated in glass using photolithography and wet chemical etching; the demonstration reaction is the dehydration of alcohols.
Modification of Selectivity in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Mixed Stationary Phases (1983)

Abstract Monomeric and polymeric C18 materials provide significantly different selectivities for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Selectivity factors vary in a regular manner with respect to surface concentration of C18 groups on different C18 columns. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of “customizing” a C18 column to provide an intermediate selectivity by mixing 5-μm polymeric C18 material from two different lots with high and low C18 surface concentrations. Polymeric C18 materials from different production lots were mixed in ratios of 30/70, 50/50, and 70/30 (w/w). Selectivity factors for these columns were found to be similar to those predicted by the linear addition of the selectivities of the two individual phases. The PAH selectivities on these mixed columns were also found to be comparable to data obtained from coupled short columns of appropriate lengths each containing one of these different C18 materials. These studies indicate that columns of specific selectivity can be prepared by either mixing two different C18 materials or by coupling columns containing each of these different phases. The use of mixed phase columns is illustrated for the analysis of a fraction containing five condensed ring PAH isomers (molecular weight 278) isolated from an air particulate sample.
Derivation of the Angular Dispersion Error Distribution of Mirror Surfaces for Monte Carlo Ray-Tracing Applications (2011)

Of paramount importance to the optical design of solar concentrators is the accurate characterization of the specular dispersion errors of the reflecting surfaces. An alternative derivation of the distribution of the azimuthal angular dispersion error is analytically derived and shown to be equivalent to the well-known Rayleigh distribution obtained by transforming the bivariate circular Gaussian distribution into polar coordinates. The corresponding inverse cumulative distribution function applied in Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulations, which gives the dispersion angle as a function of a random number sampled from a uniform distribution on the interval (0,1), does not depend on the inverse error function, thus simplifying and expediting Monte Carlo computations. Using a Monte Carlo ray-tracing example, it is verified that the Rayleigh and bivariate circular Gaussian distribution yield the same results. In the given example, the Rayleigh method is found to be ∼40% faster than the Gaussian method.
Inhibition by Gastrin-Releasing Peptide of Growth Hormone (GH) Secretion Induced by Human Pancreatic GH-Releasing Factor in Rats* (1984)

Intravenous injection of synthetic human pancreatic GH-releasing factor (1-44) [hpGRF(1-44)] (50 ng-1 micrograms/100 g BW) resulted in a dose-related increase in plasma GH levels in urethane-anesthetized male rats. Pretreatment with cysteamine (30 mg/100 g BW, sc, 4 h previously) or anti-SRIF rabbit serum (0.5 ml/rat, iv, 1 h previously) raised basal plasma GH levels and markedly exaggerated the plasma GH response to hpGRF (1-44) (80 ng/100 g BW, iv). The intraventricular injection of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) (1 micrograms/rat) completely inhibited the increase of plasma GH induced by hpGRF (80 ng/100 g BW, iv) in control rats. However, in the rats treated with cysteamine or anti-SRIF rabbit serum, the inhibitory effect of GRP on hpGRF-induced GH release was significantly attenuated. hpGRF (10(-11)-10(-8) M) stimulated in a dose-related manner GH release from rat anterior pituitary cells superfused in vitro. GRP (10(-5) M) did not affect pituitary GH release induced by hpGRF (10(-9) M) in vitro. These results indicate that hpGRF stimulates rat GH secretion by acting at the pituitary level and the hypothalamic SRIF interacts with the action of GRF, and that GRP inhibits GH secretion, at least in part, by stimulating SRIF release from the hypothalamus.
Synthesis of gem-difluoroalkenes via nickel-catalyzed allylic defluorinative reductive cross-coupling of trifluoromethyl alkenes with epoxides (2020)

A nickel-catalyzed defluorinative reductive cross-coupling of trifluoromethyl alkenes with epoxides has been developed. Various substituted trifluoromethyl alkenes and epoxides were found to be suitable reaction substrates. This reaction enabled C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond construction through allylic defluorinative cross-coupling of trifluoromethyl alkenes under mild reaction conditions. This methodology was highly compatible with various sensitive functional groups, providing access to a diverse array of functionalized gem-difluoroalkene-containing alcohol compounds.
Mechanism through which retrocyclin targets flavivirus multiplication (2020)

Abstract Currently, there are no approved drugs for the treatment of flavivirus infection. Accordingly, we tested the inhibitory effects of the novel θ-defensin retrocyclin-101 (RC-101) against flavivirus infection, and investigated the mechanism underlying the potential inhibitory effects. First, RC-101 robustly inhibited both Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) infections. RC-101 exerted inhibitory effects on the entry and replication stages. Results also indicated that the non-structural protein NS2B-NS3 serine protease might serve as a potential viral target. Further, RC-101 inhibited protease activity at the micromolar level. We also demonstrated that with respect to the glycoprotein E protein of flavivirus, the DE loop of domain III, which is the receptor-binding domain of the E protein, might serve as another viral target of RC-101. Moreover, a JEV DE mutant exhibited resistance to RC-101, which was associated with deceased binding affinity of RC-101 to DIII. These findings provide a basis for the development of RC-101 as a potential candidate for the treatment of flavivirus infection. Importance RC has been reported to have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this study, we firstly report that RC-101 could inhibit ZIKV and JEV infections. Moreover, both the NS2B-NS3 serine protease and the DE loop in the E glycoprotein might serve as the viral targets of RC-101.