gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full physicochemical and biocompatibility characterization of a supercritical CO2 sterilized nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan biodegradable scaffold for periodontal bone regeneration (2023)

Despite bone's innate self-renewal capability, some periodontal pathologic and traumatic defects' size inhibits full spontaneous regeneration. This current research characterized a 3D porous biodegradable nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS, 70/30) scaffold for periodontal bone regeneration, which preparation method includes the final solvent extraction and sterilization through supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (scCO<sub>2</sub>). Micro-CT analysis revealed the fully interconnected porous microstructure of the nHAp/CS scaffold (total porosity 78 %, medium pore size 200 μm) which is critical for bone regeneration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed HAp crystals forming on the surface of the nHAp/CS scaffold after 21 days in simulated body fluid, demonstrating its bioactivity in vitro. The presence of nHAp in the scaffolds promoted a significantly lower biodegradation rate compared to a plain CS scaffold in PBS. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed their viscoelasticity, but the presence of nHAp significantly enhanced the storage modulus (42.34 ± 6.09 kPa at 10 Hz after 28 days in PBS), showing that it may support bone ingrowth at low-load bearing bone defects. Both scaffold types significantly inhibited the growth, attachment and colony formation abilities of S. aureus and E. coli, enhancing the relevance of chitosan in the grafts' composition for the naturally contaminated oral environment. At SEM and laser scanning confocal microscopy, MG63 cells showed normal morphology and could adhere and proliferate inside the biomaterials' porous structure, especially for the nHAp/CS scaffold, reaching higher proliferative rate at day 14. MG63 cells seeded within nHAp/CS scaffolds presented a higher expression of RUNX2, collagen A1 and Sp7 osteogenic genes compared to the CS samples. The in vivo subcutaneous implantation in mice of both scaffold types showed lower biodegradability with the preservation of the scaffolds porous structure that allowed the ingrowth of connective tissue until 5 weeks. Histology shows an intensive and progressive ingrowth of new vessels and collagen between the 3<sup>rd</sup> and the 5<sup>th</sup> week, especially for the nHAp/CS scaffold. So far, the scCO<sub>2</sub> method enabled the production of a cost-effective and environment-friendly ready-to-use nHAp/CS scaffold with microstructural, chemical, mechanical and biocompatibility features that make it a suitable bone graft alternative for defect sites in an adverse environment as in periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
MI-Winnow: A New Multiple-Instance Learning Algorithm (2006)

We present Mi-Winnow, a new multiple-instance learning (MIL) algorithm that provides a new technique to convert MIL data into standard supervised data. In MIL each example is a collection (or bag) of d-dimensional points where each dimension corresponds to a feature. A label is provided for the bag, but not for the individual points within the bag. Mi-Winnow is different from existing multiple-instance learning algorithms in several key ways. First, Mi-Winnow allows each image to be converted into a bag in multiple ways to create training (and test) data that varies in both the number of dimensions per point, and in the kind of features used. Second, instead of learning a concept defined by a single point-and-scaling hypothesis, Mi-Winnow allows the underlying concept to be described by combining a set of separators learned by Winnow. For content-based image retrieval applications, such a generalized hypothesis is important since there may be different ways to recognize which images are of interest
Quantenexperimente zwischen Photon und Fulleren (2000)

Die Quantenphysik hat zu Beginn des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts unser Weltbild revolutioniert. Jetzt scheint sie sich zur Grundlage einer völlig neuen Informationstechnolgie mit unabsehbaren Folgen zu entwickeln.
Plasma source variations in plasma opening switch experiments (1993)

Summary form only given. Three plasma sources have been investigated for use in plasma opening switch (POS) experiments: flashboards, gas guns, and cable guns. These sources have been fielded on Hawk, a testbed for inductive store pulsed power switching. The purpose of the experiments is to determine the effects of changing the plasma species, flow velocity, and spatial distribution on POS performance (conduction current and time, voltage limitations, etc.) The plasma sources are characterized in a test chamber and diagnosed during POS shots using laser interferometry.
MC-15: Next Generation Neutron Multiplicity Detector FY12 Annual Report (2012)

Abstract Not Provided
Supplementary Figure 1 from Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Inhibition of the IFN Response in Tumor-Bearing Mice (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Inhibition of the IFN Response in Tumor-Bearing Mice
Robust Compressed Sensing using Generative Models (2020)

The goal of compressed sensing is to estimate a high dimensional vector from an underdetermined system of noisy linear equations. In analogy to classical compressed sensing, here we assume a generative model as a prior, that is, we assume the vector is represented by a deep generative model $G: \mathbb{R}^k \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n$. Classical recovery approaches such as empirical risk minimization (ERM) are guaranteed to succeed when the measurement matrix is sub-Gaussian. However, when the measurement matrix and measurements are heavy-tailed or have outliers, recovery may fail dramatically. In this paper we propose an algorithm inspired by the Median-of-Means (MOM). Our algorithm guarantees recovery for heavy-tailed data, even in the presence of outliers. Theoretically, our results show our novel MOM-based algorithm enjoys the same sample complexity guarantees as ERM under sub-Gaussian assumptions. Our experiments validate both aspects of our claims: other algorithms are indeed fragile and fail under heavy-tailed and/or corrupted data, while our approach exhibits the predicted robustness.
Overexpression, purification and characterization of two pyrimidine kinases involved in the biosynthesis of thiamin: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine kinase and 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate kinase (1998)

The overexpression, purification and characterization of 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine kinase (HMP kinase) and 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine monophosphate kinase (HMP-P kinase) are described. Surprisingly HMP-P kinase also shows HMP kinase activity. These enzymes are useful reagents for the preparation of intermediates on the thiamin biosynthetic pathway.
The importance of simulation education for the management of traumatic cardiac injuries: a case series (2019)

The management of all 4 patients was according to the principles taught in the ATOM course. Three of the 4 surgeons had no prior experience with management of cardiac trauma and credited the good outcomes to taking the ATOM course. These are uncommon injuries and formal training in their management is beneficial to patients.
Different and their Types of Centrally Acting Antihypertensives Targets in the Central Nervous System (1994)

Summary. The central regulation of blood pressure and other cardiovascular parameters may involve the baroreceptor reflex arc, including both adrenergic and serotonergic pathways, as well as amino acids, as neurotransmitters. Both adrenergic and serotonergic pathways have been recognized as targets for clinically relevant, centrally acting antihypertensires, such as clonidine, guanfacine, and ~-methyl-DOPA. The central components of the hybrid drugs urapidil and ketanserin also involve serotonergic pathways and receptors. For urapidil the stimulation of 5-HT~A-receptors is assumed to induce peripheral sympathoinhibition, whereas for ketanserin the central mechanism is unknown in detail. More recently central imidazoline (I1) receptors have been proposed as the major target for the newer antihypertensives rilmenidine and moxonidine. Clonidine, however, is assumed to be mixed I1- and alpha2-receptor agonist. The distinction between central I1- and alpha2-receptors may potentially offer the design of new antihypertensives, acting like clonidine but with fewer side effects. Finally, the amino acid pathways should be considered as potential targets for centrally acting antihypertensives. Experimental compounds on this basis are available but clinical implications appear to be very remote. In the present survey an outline is given of the various pathways, neurotransmitters, and receptors involved in the central regulation of blood pressure. The different types of centrally acting antihypertensives are subsequently discussed on this basis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1994;8:787-799
Intracarotid Cancer Cell Injection to Produce Mouse Models of Brain Metastasis (2017)

Metastasis, the spread and growth of malignant cells at secondary sites within a patient's body, accounts for > 90% of cancer-related mortality. Recently, impressive advances in novel therapies have dramatically prolonged survival and improved quality of life for many cancer patients. Sadly, incidence of brain metastatic recurrences is fast rising, and all current therapies are merely palliative. Hence, good experimental animal models are urgently needed to facilitate in-depth studies of the disease biology and to assess novel therapeutic regimens for preclinical evaluation. However, the standard in vivo metastasis assay via tail vein injection of cancer cells produces predominantly lung metastatic lesions; animals usually succumb to the lung tumor burden before any meaningful outgrowth of brain metastasis. Intracardiac injection of tumor cells produces metastatic lesions to multiple organ sites including the brain; however, the variability of tumor growth produced with this model is large, dampening its utility in evaluating therapeutic efficacy. To generate reliable and consistent animal models for brain metastasis study, here we describe a procedure for producing experimental brain metastasis in the house mouse (Mus musculus) via intracarotid injection of tumor cells. This approach allows one to produce large number of brain metastasis-bearing mice with similar growth and mortality characteristics, thus facilitating research efforts to study basic biological mechanisms and to assess novel therapeutic agents.
An iterative receiver algorithm for space-time encoded signals (2002)

An iterative receiver is proposed for a wireless communication system employing multiple transmit and receive antennas. The transmitted symbol sequences are space-time encoded. By exploiting the inherent structure in the space-time encoded data sequence, the receiver is able to significantly improve the initial estimate of the unknown channel leading to significant performance gains in terms of the bit-error-rate (BER) as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Computer simulations demonstrate the efficacy of the scheme in single-user and multi-user environments.
Data Science: Measuring Uncertainties (2020)

With the increase in data processing and storage capacity, a large amount of data is available [...].
WE‐G‐BRD‐07: Automated MR Image Standardization and Auto‐Contouring Strategy for MRI‐Based Adaptive Brachytherapy for Cervix Cancer (2015)

Purpose: MRI‐based adaptive brachytherapy (ABT) is an emerging treatment modality for patients with gynecological tumors. However, MR image intensity non‐uniformities (IINU) can vary from fraction to fraction, complicating image interpretation and auto‐contouring accuracy. We demonstrate here an automated MR image standardization and auto‐contouring strategy for MRI‐based ABT of cervix cancer. Methods: MR image standardization consisted of: 1) IINU correction using the MNI N3 algorithm, 2) noise filtering using anisotropic diffusion, and 3) signal intensity normalization using the volumetric median. This post‐processing chain was implemented as a series of custom Matlab and Java extensions in MIM (v6.4.5, MIM Software) and was applied to 3D T2 SPACE images of six patients undergoing MRI‐based ABT at 3T. Coefficients of variation (CV=σ/µ) were calculated for both original and standardized images and compared using Mann‐Whitney tests. Patient‐specific cumulative MR atlases of bladder, rectum, and sigmoid contours were constructed throughout ABT, using original and standardized MR images from all previous ABT fractions. Auto‐contouring was performed in MIM two ways: 1) best‐match of one atlas image to the daily MR image, 2) multi‐match of all previous fraction atlas images to the daily MR image. Dice's Similarity Coefficients (DSCs) were calculated for auto‐generated contours relative to reference contours for both original and standardized MR images and compared using Mann‐Whitney tests. Results: Significant improvements in CV were detected following MR image standardization (p=0.0043), demonstrating an improvement in MR image uniformity. DSCs consistently increased for auto‐contoured bladder, rectum, and sigmoid following MR image standardization, with the highest DSCs detected when the combination of MR image standardization and multi‐match cumulative atlas‐based auto‐contouring was utilized. Conclusion: MR image standardization significantly improves MR image uniformity. The combination of MR image standardization and multi‐match cumulative atlas‐based auto‐contouring produced the highest DSCs and is a promising strategy for MRI‐based ABT for cervix cancer.
The Protective Effect of Silybin against Lasalocid Cytotoxic Exposure on Chicken and Rat Cell Lines (2012)

Lasalocid, an ionophore coccidiostat, extensive use implies a risk of toxicological impacts. Protective effects of silybin, a herbal compound of Silybum marianum, are reported elsewhere. The aim of this study was to compare effects of the combined use of lasalocid and silybin in chicken hepatoma cells (LMH) and rat myoblasts (L6) cell lines cultures. The cytoprotective effect resulting from an interaction of both pharmaceuticals was measured with the help of MTT reduction and, coomassie brilliant blue binding (CBB) and LDH release assays. Isobolography and the combination index (CI) estimated the nature and scale of interaction. In all performed tests, the lowest lasalocid EC50-values were obtained for chicken hepatocytes. In the rat myoblasts cultures, the lowest lasalocid EC50-values were found with LDH test. Simultaneously, a lack of silybin cytotoxic effect was proven for the studied cell lines. An interaction between both substances led to a considerable decrease of lasalocid cytotoxicity. The isobolograms and combination index showed a significant antagonistic nature of silybin effect in the course of lasalocid cytotoxicity. It is concluded that the mechanism of cytoprotection results from complex reaction at biochemical and biophysical endpoints during chicken hepatocytes and rat myoblasts cell lines exposure to silybin and lasalocid co-action.
Synthetic Scheme for the Preparation of 13C-Labeled 2,7-Dimethylocta2,4,6-triene-1,8-dial, the Central Part of Carotenoids (2002)

Starting from acetic acid and methyl iodide an efficient modular synthetic scheme has been developed for the synthesis of 13C-labeled 2,7-dimethylocta-2,4,6-triene-1,8-dial, which is a suitable building block in the synthesis of carotenoids with tenfold 13C-enrichment in the central part. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
Stability analysis and dynamic response of a DC-link module with a series voltage compensator (2013)

A DC-link module composed of a reduced value of DC-link capacitor and a series voltage compensator has been proposed. The voltage compensator processes the ripple voltage on the DC link and reactive power only, which can be implemented by low-voltage devices. The overall energy storage of the DC-link module is reduced, permitting the replacement of electrolytic capacitors by film capacitors in a cost-effective way. This paper focuses on the stability analysis and dynamic performance evaluation of the proposed DC-link module. Theoretical study and experimental verification are presented and the results are compared with the conventional DC-link design solution.
Potential impact of the digestible indispensable amino acid score as a measure of protein quality on dietary regulations and health (2017)

Regulatory frameworks for protein content claims in Canada and the United States are underpinned by the protein efficiency ratio and protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), respectively, which are used to assess the protein quality of a given food. The digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) is a novel approach to measuring the protein quality of foods and is supported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Methodological concerns about the PDCAAS are addressed by the DIAAS through introduction of the use of ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients and untruncated protein scores. However, before the DIAAS is widely adopted within regulatory frameworks, a comprehensive assessment is required. Accordingly, this review addresses the potential impact of the DIAAS on regulation, communication, and public health, as well as knowledge gaps, analytical challenges, and cost of implementation. A pragmatic approach to addressing protein quality is advocated by suggesting the use of conservative coefficients of digestibility that are derived from in vitro methods. Before adopting the DIAAS as a framework for supporting protein content claims, updated food-related regulations and policies should also be evaluated through a lens that anticipates the impact on consumer-facing nutrition communication, the adoption of dietary patterns that are nutritionally adequate, and a food value chain that fosters a spirit of food and nutritional innovation.
In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Allergic Effects of Arctium lappa L. (2008)

The discovery of drugs that can be used for the treatment of allergic disease is important in human health. Arctium lappa Linne (Compositae) (AL) has been used as a traditional medicine in Brazil and throughout Asia and is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, the inhibitory effects of AL on degranulation and the release of mediators as well as on inhibition of cys-leukotriene biosynthesis by basophils were investigated. AL was selected out of 10,000 herbal extracts in a set-up for high throughput screening in which the degree of degranulation was monitored by the release of beta-hexosaminidase from rat basophil leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. The AL extract significantly reduced degranulation and biosynthesis of cys-leukotrienes of human basophils in peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells (PBMCs) (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)] = 8.3 and 11.4 microg/ml, respectively). Viability and metabolic activity of the PBMCs were not affected. Although arctiin, the active component of AL that has been described in the literature, was not able to reduce degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells, a single high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fraction from the AL extract inhibited beta-hexosaminidase release (IC(50) = 22.2 microg/ml). Topical administration of an aqueous extract of AL (5 mg/ear) on the ear of whey-sensitized mice 4 hrs before challenge with whey in the ear inhibited acute ear swelling by 50% in an in vivo cow's milk allergic model. The extract had no effect in this model when administered orally. In conclusion, the active component present in the active HPLC fraction of the AL extract was able to significantly reduce the release of inflammatory mediators through inhibition of degranulation and cys-leukotriene release in vitro. In addition, this active component was able to inhibit acute skin response in mice in vivo, indicating that AL is a very promising natural component for use in anti-allergic treatment.
Detection of slow-motion replay segments in sports video for highlights generation (2002)

We present a novel method for generating sports video summary highlights. Specifically, our method localizes semantically important events in sport programs by detecting slow motion replays of these events, and then generates highlights of these events at multiple levels. In our method, a hidden Markov model (HMM) is used to model slow motion replays, and an inference algorithm is introduced which computes the probability of a slow motion replay segment, and localizes the boundaries of the segment as well. An effective new feature is used in our HMM, based on a moving measure of the number of zero-crossings and the amplitudes of variations over time of video field differences. Furthermore, the method is capable of filtering out slow motion play segments in commercials. As compared with existing methods for video event detection, our method is more generic (ie, domain independent), and has the ability to capture inherently important events.
Dichlorocarbene Addition to C60 from the Trichloromethyl Anion: Carbene Mechanism or Bingel Mechanism? (2009)

The reactions of C(60) and trichloromethyl anion (CCl(3)(-)) via both the Bingel mechanism and the carbene mechanism were comparably studied by means of density functional theory (DFT) computations. The Bingel mechanism is highly competitive as compared with the carbene mechanism that leads to the formation of C(60)(CCl(2)). Unlike the carbene mechanism with a weak regioselectivity and solvent sensitivity, the Bingel mechanism yields the [6,6]-C(60)(CCl(2)) isomer as the exclusive product and favors highly polar solvents. The results receive strong experimental support and simultaneously rationalize these experimental findings.
Design and investigation of absolute radiance calibration primary radiometer (2018)

In order to satisfy the requirement of calibration precision and traceability for space remote sensor, the absolute radiance calibration primary radiometer (ARCPR) is investigated for establishing the irradiance calibration standard in orbit. ARCPR is a mechanical cryogenic absolute radiometer for space application, and works at 20K. The cryogenic environment is obtained by the Stryn‐type pulse tube cryocooler. The environment temperature is stable at 23.9658K by high‐precision temperature controllers. The detector of ARCPR is designed and investigated based on the experimental prototype. The experimental results of detector characteristics measurement illustrate that the sensitivity is 3.9526K/mW, and the thermal time constant is 134s. The procedure of optical power measurement is optimised for satisfying the requirements of in orbit measurement. ARCPR achieves a relative standard uncertainty of 210ppm at an optical power level of 0.4mW. Therefore, ARCPR could be the radiometric standard for optical measurement. Furthermore, the investigation result provides the theoretical and experimental basis for the establishment of radiometric calibration standard in orbit.