gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rasagiline [N‐propargyl‐1R(+)‐aminoindan], a selective and potent inhibitor of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase B (2001)

1. Rasagiline [N-propargyl-1R(+)-aminoindan], was examined for its monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B inhibitor activities in rats together with its S(-)-enantiomer (TVP 1022) and the racemic compound (AGN-1135) and compared to selegiline (1-deprenyl). The tissues that were studied for MAO inhibition were the brain, liver and small intestine. 2. While rasagiline and AGN1135 are highly potent selective irreversible inhibitors of MAO in vitro and in vivo, the S(-) enantiomer is relatively inactive in the tissues examined. 3. The in vitro IC(50) values for inhibition of rat brain MAO activity by rasagiline are 4.43+/-0.92 nM (type B), and 412+/-123 nM (type A). The ED(50) values for ex vivo inhibition of MAO in the brain and liver by a single dose of rasagiline are 0.1+/-0.01, 0.042+/-0.0045 mg kg(-1) respectively for MAO-B, and 6.48+/-0.81, 2.38+/-0.35 mg kg(-1) respectively for MAO-A. 4. Selective MAO-B inhibition in the liver and brain was maintained on chronic (21 days) oral dosage with ED(50) values of 0.014+/-0.002 and 0.013+/-0.001 mg kg(-1) respectively. 5. The degree of selectivity of rasagiline for inhibition of MAO-B as opposed to MAO-A was similar to that of selegiline. Rasagiline was three to 15 times more potent than selegiline for inhibition of MAO-B in rat brain and liver in vivo on acute and chronic administration, but had similar potency in vitro. 6. These data together with lack of tyramine sympathomimetic potentiation by rasagiline, at selective MAO-B inhibitory dosage, indicate that this inhibitor like selegiline may be a useful agent in the treatment of Parkinson's disease in either symptomatic or L-DOPA adjunct therapy, but lack of amphetamine-like metabolites could present a therapeutic advantage for rasagiline.
Slowing and stopping light using an optomechanical crystal array (2011)

One of the major advances needed to realize all-optical information&#13;\nprocessing of light is the ability to delay or coherently store and retrieve optical&#13;\ninformation in a rapidly tunable manner. In the classical domain, this optical&#13;\nbuffering is expected to be a key ingredient of managing the flow of information&#13;\nover complex optical networks. Such a system also has profound implications for&#13;\nquantum information processing, serving as a long-term memory that can store&#13;\nthe full quantum information contained in an optical pulse. Here, we suggest a&#13;\nnovel approach to light storage involving an optical waveguide coupled to an&#13;\noptomechanical crystal array, where light in the waveguide can be dynamically&#13;\nand coherently transferred into long-lived mechanical vibrations of the array.&#13;\nUnder realistic conditions, this system is capable of achieving large bandwidths&#13;\nand storage/delay times in a compact, on-chip platform.
Cross‐linking of porcine acellular dermal matrices negatively affects induced neovessel formation using platelet‐rich plasma in a rat model of hernia repair (2017)

The degree of cross-linking within acellular dermal matrices (ADM) seems to correlate to neovascularization when used in ventral hernia repair (VHR). Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) enhances wound healing through several mechanisms including neovascularization, but research regarding its effect on soft tissue healing in VHR is lacking. We sought to study the effect of cross-linking on PRP-induced neovascularization in a rodent model of bridging VHR. We hypothesized that ADM cross-linking would negatively affect PRP-induced neovessel formation. PRP was extracted and characterized from pooled whole blood. Porcine cross-linked (cADM) and non-cross-linked ADMs (ncADM) were implanted in a rat model of chronic VHR after treatment with saline (control) or PRP. Neovascularization of samples at 2, 4, and 6 weeks was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining of CD 31. Adhesion severity at necropsy was compared using a previously validated scale. Addition of PRP increased neovascularization in both cADM and ncADM at 2- and 4-week time points but appeared to do so in a dependent fashion, with significantly greater neovascularization in the PRP-treated ncADMs compared to cADMs. Omental adhesions were increased in all PRP-treated groups. Results indicate that, for 2-week measurements when compared with the cADM group without PRP therapy, the mean change in neovascularization due to ncADM was 3.27 (Z = 2.75, p = 0.006), PRP was 17.56 (Z = 14.77, p < 0.001), and the combined effect of ncADM and PRP was 9.41 (Z = 5.6, p < 0.001). The 4-week data indicate that the average neovascularization change due to ncADM was 0.676 (Z = 0.7, p = 0.484), PRP was 7.69 (Z = 7.95, p < 0.001), and combined effect of ncADM and PRP was 5.28 (Z = 3.86, p < 0.001). These findings validate PRP as a clinical adjunct to enhance the native tissue response to implantable biomaterials and suggest that ncADM is more amenable than cADM to induced neovascularization. PRP use could be advantageous in patients undergoing VHR where poor incorporation is anticipated and early-enhanced neovascularization is desired.
A three-dimensional (3D) particle focusing channel using the positive dielectrophoresis (pDEP) guided by a dielectric structure between two planar electrodes (2008)

We present a three-dimensional (3D) particle focusing channel using the positive dielectrophoresis (pDEP) guided by a dielectric structure between two planar electrodes. The dielectric structure between two planar electrodes induces the maximum electric field at the center of the microchannel and particles are focused to the center of the microchannel by pDEP as they flow from the single sample injection port. Compared to the previous 3D particle focusing methods using standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW), hydrodynamic force, and negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP), the present device achieves the simple and effective particle focusing function without any additional fluidic ports and top electrodes. The present focusing channel is also fabricated by PDMS and glass substrate with electrodes, compatible for the integrated microbiochemical analysis system. We designed and fabricated the particle focusing channel based on the numerical estimation of particle position and focusing efficiency. In the experimental study, approximately 90% focusing efficiency was achieved within the focusing length of 2 mm, on both the x-z plane (top-view) and y-z plane (side-view) for 2 microm-diameter polystyrene (PS) beads at the applied voltage over 15 V(p-p) (square wave) and at a flow rate below 0.01 microl/min. Focusing experiments using 4.5 microm-diameter PS beads and yeast cells also verified that the present focusing channel can be applied to bio-particles having different sizes and properties. The present simple 3D particle focusing channel is suitable for use in integrated microbiochemical analysis systems.
Intravital imaging of the kidney in a rat model of salt-sensitive hypertension (2017)

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide and a major risk factor for renal failure and cardiovascular disease. The role of albuminuria, a common feature of hypertension and robust predictor of cardiorenal disorders, remains incompletely understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanisms leading to albuminuria in the kidney of a rat model of hypertension, the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat. To determine the relative contributions of the glomerulus and proximal tubule (PT) to albuminuria, we applied intravital two-photon-based imaging to investigate the complex renal physiological changes that occur during salt-induced hypertension. Following a high-salt diet, SS rats exhibited elevated blood pressure, increased glomerular sieving of albumin (GSC<sub>alb</sub> = 0.0686), relative permeability to albumin (+Δ16%), and impaired volume hemodynamics (-Δ14%). Serum albumin but not serum globulins or creatinine concentration was decreased (-0.54 g/dl), which was concomitant with increased filtration of albumin (3.7 vs. 0.8 g/day normal diet). Pathologically, hypertensive animals had significant tubular damage, as indicated by increased prevalence of granular casts, expansion and necrosis of PT epithelial cells (+Δ2.20 score/image), progressive augmentation of red blood cell velocity (+Δ269 µm/s) and micro vessel diameter (+Δ4.3 µm), and increased vascular injury (+Δ0.61 leakage/image). Therefore, development of salt-induced hypertension can be triggered by fast and progressive pathogenic remodeling of PT epithelia, which can be associated with changes in albumin handling. Collectively, these results indicate that both the glomerulus and the PT contribute to albuminuria, and dual treatment of glomerular filtration and albumin reabsorption may represent an effective treatment of salt-sensitive hypertension.
Duotone surfaces (2012)

In this paper, we present a method to divide any given surface into two regions with two properties: (1) they are visually interlocked since the boundary curve covers the whole surface by meandering over it and (2) the areas of these two regions are approximately the same. We obtain the duotone surfaces by coloring these regions with two different colors.We show that it is always possible to obtain two such regions for any given mesh surface. Our approach is based on a useful property of vertex insertion schemes such as Catmull-Clark subdivision: If such a vertex insertion scheme is applied to a mesh, the vertices of resulting quadrilateral mesh are always two colorable. Using this property, we can always classify vertices of meshes that are obtained by a vertex insertion scheme into two groups. We show that it is always possible to create a single curve that covers the whole surface such that all vertices in the first group are on one side of the curve while the other group of vertices are on the other side of the same curve. This single curve serves as a boundary that defines two regions in the surface. If the initial distribution of the vertices on the surface is uniform, the areas of the two regions are approximately the same.We have implemented this approach by appropriately mapping textures on each quadrilateral. The resulting textured surfaces look aesthetically pleasing since they closely resemble planar TSP (traveling salesmen problem) art and Truchet-like curves.
Rapid purification of high-activityTaqDNA polymerase (1993)

The method described here is derived from that of Engelke et al. (1), and uses the same cloned form of Thermus aquaticus {Taq) DNA polymerase to produce this enzyme in E.coli. The modified purification method described here is quite simple, however it is important to note that factors such as the bacterial strain used, induction time and protein concentration during isolation have been optimized. Deviation from the established parameters can have large effects on enzyme yield and activity. E.coli strain INVlalphaF' (Invitrogen Corp., San Diego, California) was transformed with the pTaq plasmid, which contains the Taq gene expressed under control of the tac promoter (1). Large-scale cultures of E.coli containing the pTaq plasmid were initiated by adding 500 n of an overnight culture to one litre of LB broth with ampicillin (80 mg/1). These cultures were grown at 37°C for 11 hours to an ODeoo of approx. 0.8, and then IPTG was added to a concentration of 125 mg/1. After 12 hours of induction the cells were harvested by centrifugation and washed in 100 ml per litre of original culture volume of buffer A (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.9, 50 mM dextrose, 1 mM EDTA; all reagents used in the purification were molecular biology grade, and care was taken to avoid contamination with biological material or metal ions). Cells were recovered by centrifugation and resuspended in 50 ml per litre of original culture volume of pre-lysis buffer (buffer A plus 4 mg/ml lysozyme). After 15 minutes at room temperature an equal volume of lysis buffer was added (10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.9, 50 mM KC1, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM PMSF, 0.5 % Tween 20, 0.5 % Nonidet P40) and the lysis mixture was incubated in 200 ml aliquots in pyrex flasks at 75 °C for 1 hour. The lysis mixture was then transferred to plastic bottles for centrifugation at 15,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C, and the clarified lysate was transferred to a clean pyrex flask.
Unsupervised Machine Learning Anomaly Detection for Multivariate Time-Series Data in Wind Turbine Converters (2020)

Because wind power is one the main clean energy sources, the demand for wind generated energy has been rapidly increasing all over the world. As wind turbine converter is one of the key components in wind turbine, it is critical to ensure the reliability of its operation without human monitoring in addition to cost efficiency. This thesis studies and experiments two unsupervised machine learning models to detect anomaly turbine converters: Hidden Markov Model and Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) model. The aim is to compare the results from the two selected models and cross validate the results with existing models and visualized graphs for data analytics. With Hidden Markov Model, three distance computation methods are applied: Discrete Frechet, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Partial Curve Mapping (PCM). The experiments show that PCM is the fastest but also produces the worst result, while Discrete Frechet is the slowest, and produces the similar result as DTW. HDBSCAN is very intuitive to use and relatively fast to produce the clusters, and it works exceptional good on certain data Analysis Group. The experiment results show that both models do not provide satisfactory result compared to the existing models.
Prognosis of Untreated Patients with Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (1993)

Most untreated patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy maintain renal function for prolonged periods and are likely to have spontaneous remission. These results do not support the use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy.
Throughput performance analysis for closed-loop vehicle-based material handling systems (2008)

A computationally effective analysis of the throughput performance of a closed-loop multi-vehicle automated material handling system (AMHS) used in highly automated 300 mm wafer fabrication facilities (fabs) is presented. A probabilistic model is developed, based on a detailed description of AMHS operations, and the system is analyzed as an extended Markov chain. The model represents vehicle operations on the closed-loop considering the possibility of vehicle blocking. This analysis provides essential parameters such as the vehicle blocking probabilities and the throughput capacity of the AMHS. A numerical example is analyzed and simulated using AutoMod to demonstrate and validate the stochastic model.
Antigen-Specific Th17 Cells Are Primed by Distinct and Complementary Dendritic Cell Subsets in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (2015)

Candida spp. can cause severe and chronic mucocutaneous and systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Protection from mucocutaneous candidiasis depends on T helper cells, in particular those secreting IL-17. The events regulating T cell activation and differentiation toward effector fates in response to fungal invasion in different tissues are poorly understood. Here we generated a Candida-specific TCR transgenic mouse reactive to a novel endogenous antigen that is conserved in multiple distant species of Candida, including the clinically highly relevant C. albicans and C. glabrata. Using TCR transgenic T cells in combination with an experimental model of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) we investigated antigen presentation and Th17 priming by different subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) present in the infected oral mucosa. Candida-derived endogenous antigen accesses the draining lymph nodes and is directly presented by migratory DCs. Tissue-resident Flt3L-dependent DCs and CCR2-dependent monocyte-derived DCs collaborate in antigen presentation and T cell priming during OPC. In contrast, Langerhans cells, which are also present in the oral mucosa and have been shown to prime Th17 cells in the skin, are not required for induction of the Candida-specific T cell response upon oral challenge. This highlights the functional compartmentalization of specific DC subsets in different tissues. These data provide important new insights to our understanding of tissue-specific antifungal immunity.
Reflectance Spectra of the 1:1 Salts of Bis(methylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BMDT-TTF): Estimation of the On-Site Coulomb Energy (1988)

Abstract Polarized reflectance spectra were measured on the single crystals of (BMDT-TTF)AsF6 and (BMDT-TTF)SbF6. The charge-transfer band was observed along the stacking direction in the crystals of (BMDT-TTF)AsF6, while in the crystal of (BMDT-TTF)SbF6 the charge-transfer band was found not only along the stacking direction but also along the S···S direction nearly parallel to the short axis of the BMDT-TTF molecule. The effective on-site Coulomb energies and the transfer integrals of these salts were estimated by analyzing the charge-transfer bands.
Comparison of social cognitive functioning in schizophrenia and high functioning autism: more convergence than divergence (2009)

Our findings provide further support for similarities in social cognition deficits between HFA and schizophrenia, which have a variety of implications for future work on gene-brain-behavior relationships.
The Development of a Cervical Spine Protective Device for Youth Athletes in American Tackle Football (2009)

The goals of this thesis research were to identify the weak areas of the human neck and to evaluate the preliminary designs of a cervical spine protective device. This was done by measuring isometric muscle strength in terms of head position and by measuring ranges of motion in coupled and uncoupled cervical spine motion. This information was to develop a cervical spine protective device for young athletes (11 to 18 year olds) who play American tackle football. Results from this study showed that that the neck strength depends on the head positions and the directions of muscle contraction. The weaker muscle strengths were produced when the participants' heads were tested at 40 degrees in extension, coupled 40 degrees in extension and 20 degrees in lateral bending, and coupled 40 degrees in extension 20 degrees in axial rotation. These positions are associated with stinger's syndrome in football athletes. Evaluation of the cervical spine range of motion in these weaker positions showed that the range of motion in the extension direction decreased as the participants' heads moved closer to the extreme positions of lateral bending and axial rotation. Football helmets and shoulder pads was not able to provide much restriction in extension and axial rotation motion. A set of cervical spine protective device were created for each participant based on their anthropometric measurements. The cervical spine protective device was able to provide desired restriction in most directions particularly in uncoupled flexion, extension, axial rotation and lateral bending.
SIMULATION OF THE LONG TERM BEAM INTENSITY PERFORMANCE OF THE NEG-COATED SIS18 ∗ (2010)

The StrahlSim code has been developed to simulate dynamic vacuum effects and charge exchange beam loss in the GSI and FAIR heavy ion accelerators. The code accounts for charge exchange cross sections at the actual beam energy, it determines the loss positions of charge exchanged ions, and the pressure rise caused by desorption due to the impact of these ions onto the vacuum chamber. Recently, the modeling of time dependent longitudinal pressure profiles has been implemented in StrahlSim. Thereby, localized pressure bumps during a cycle and the lifetime of NEG-coated surfaces depending on their distance from the local pressure bumps, and the corresponding influence on the beam performance resulting from the saturation process can be simulated. The new code was applied to SIS18 considering two scenarios: 1) the currently available U 28+ intensity of2×10 10 extracted particles per cycle, and 2) the proposed FAIR booster operation with1.5×10 11 extracted particles per cycle. The simulations show, that the beam scrubbing effect, which is also accounted by the code, is crucial for a stable booster operation of SIS18, as it stabilizes the dynamic vacuum over long term operation. Already for the currently available beam intensity, the beam scrubbing effect is important, as it prevents an exceeding saturation of the NEG near the injection septum.
Heregulin regulates the actin cytoskeleton and promotes invasive properties in breast cancer cell lines. (2000)

The metastatic process requires changes in tumor cell adhesion properties, cell motility and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. The erbB2 proto-oncogene is overexpressed in approximately 30% of breast cancers and is a major prognostic parameter when present in invasive disease. A ligand for the erbB2 receptor has not yet been identified but it can be activated by heterodimerization with heregulin (HRG)-stimulated erbB3 and erbB4 receptors. The HRGs are a family of polypeptide growth factors that have been shown to play a role in embryogenesis, tumor formation, growth and differentiation of breast cancer cells. The erbB3 and erbB4 receptors are involved in transregulation of erbB2 signaling. The work presented here suggests biological roles for HRG including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and induction of motility and invasion in breast cancer cells. HRG-expressing breast cancer cell lines are characterized by low erbB receptor levels and a high invasive and metastatic index, while those which overexpress erbB2 demonstrate minimal invasive potential in vitro and are non-tumorigenic in vivo. Treatment of the highly tumorigenic and metastatic HRG-expressing breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with an HRG-neutralizing antibody significantly inhibited proliferation in culture and motility in the Boyden chamber assay. Addition of exogenous HRG to non-invasive erbB2 overexpressing cells (SKBr-3) at low concentrations induced formation of pseudopodia, enhanced phagocytic activity and increased chemomigration and invasion in the Boyden chamber assay. The specificity of the chemomigration response to HRG is demonstrated by inhibition with the anti-HRG neutralizing antibody. These results suggest that either HRG can act as an autocrine or paracrine ligand to promote the invasive behavior of breast cancer cells in vitro or thus may enhance the metastatic process in vivo.
A Point Mutation of Tyr-759 in Interleukin 6 Family Cytokine Receptor Subunit gp130 Causes Autoimmune Arthritis (2002)

We generated a mouse line in which the src homology 2 domain-bearing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-2 binding site of gp130, tyrosine 759, was mutated to phenylalanine (gp130(F759/F759)). The gp130(F759/F759) mice developed rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-like joint disease. The disease was accompanied by autoantibody production and accumulated memory/activated T cells and myeloid cells. Before the disease onset, the T cells were hyperresponsive and thymic selection and peripheral clonal deletion were impaired. The inhibitory effect of IL-6 on Fas ligand expression during activation-induced cell death (AICD) was augmented in gp130(F759/F759) T cells in a manner dependent on the tyrosine residues of gp130 required for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation. Finally, we showed that disease development was dependent on lymphocytes. These results provide evidence that a point mutation of a cytokine receptor has the potential to induce autoimmune disease.