gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Runtime countermeasures for code injection attacks against C and C++ programs (2012)

The lack of memory safety in C/C++ often leads to vulnerabilities. Code injection attacks exploit these vulnerabilities to gain control over the execution flow of applications. These attacks have played a key role in many major security incidents. Consequently, a huge body of research on countermeasures exists. We provide a comprehensive and structured survey of vulnerabilities and countermeasures that operate at runtime. These countermeasures make different trade-offs in terms of performance, effectivity, compatibility, etc., making it hard to evaluate and compare countermeasures in a given context. We define a classification and evaluation framework on the basis of which countermeasures can be assessed.
A Hardware Interface for Hashing Algorithms. (2008)

The submissions to the SHA-3 competition include a reference implementation in C, built on top of a standard programmer's interface (API). This greatly improves the evaluation process: it enables portability across platforms, and it makes performance comparison of the algorithms easy. For hardware crypto-implementations, such a standard interface does not exist. As a result, the evaluation and comparison of hardware hashing algorithms becomes complex and error prone. The first step to improve the evaluation process for hardware is the definition of an interface. This document describes a general hardware interface for hashing algorithms. The operation of the interface is discussed, and the appendix lists a SHA-256 reference implementation that uses the interface.
Wilkinson Support Calculated with Exact Probabilities: An Example Using Floricaula/LEAFY Amino Acid Sequences that Compares Three Hypotheses Involving Gene Gain/Loss in Seed Plants (2000)

This paper describes a method for quantifying the extent to which a character supports a hypothesized monophyletic group. The basic idea was first proposed by Wilkinson in 1998; hence, we call it Wilkinson support. A character provides Wilkinson support if it could have changed state on the branch leading to the hypothesized monophyletic group without requiring any extra steps in an evolutionary tree. We describe a method to determine the exact probability that a character would provide Wilkinson support for a random group of the same size as the hypothesized monophyletic group. A character's weight is defined as the negative natural log of this probability. The sum over all characters of these weights in a data set is a measure of total weighted support. We exemplify this method using 30 Floricaula/LEAFY amino acid sequences. One copy of this gene occurs in angiosperms, but two copies occur in the other four seed plant groups. Angiosperms could have been primitively single-copy or could have lost either of the two paralogs. These possibilities correspond to three hypotheses of monophyly. We use total weighted Wilkinson support to evaluate these three hypotheses, and all three are shown to be significantly different from random as individual hypothesized monophyletic groups. Comparing these three hypotheses for total weighted support reveals that one has much more support than do the other two. This hypothesis favors the "mostly-male" theory of flowering-plant origins.
Beyond Wax Printing: Fabrication of Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices Using a Thermal Transfer Printer (2022)

Paper-based microfluidic devices, also known as microPADs, are an emerging analytical platform with the potential to improve point-of-care diagnostics. MicroPADs are fabricated by patterning hydrophobic inks onto sheets of paper to create hydrophilic channels and test zones. One of the main advantages of microPADs is that they are inexpensive and simple to fabricate, making them accessible even to researchers with limited budgets or no prior fabrication expertise. Wax printing, where a solid ink printer is used to pattern wax on paper, has been the most convenient and popular method for fabricating paper-based microfluidic devices. Unfortunately, solid ink printers were discontinued in 2016 and are no longer available commercially. Here we introduce a method for fabricating microPADs using a portable thermal transfer printer that retains the convenience of wax printing. Devices fabricated by thermal transfer printing were comparable to devices fabricated via wax printing and laser printing. The low cost, convenience, and portability of the thermal transfer printer make this approach an exciting prospect for replacing wax printing and facilitating the continued development of paper-based microfluidics.
Charge-density-wave structure inNbSe3 (1994)

We have studied the structure of the ${\mathit{Q}}_{1}$ charge-density wave (CDW) in pure and Ta-doped ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ as a function of temperature using high-resolution x-ray scattering. The CDW's phase-phase correlation lengths are much greater than the impurity spacing, and in pure crystals can be comparable to typical sample thicknesses. The corrections decay exponentially in all directions. In a heavily Ta-doped crystal, transverse correlation lengths vary with temperature as the square of the CDW gap. These experimental results agree with the weak-pinning model of Fukuyama, Lee, and Rice, and with the weak-pinning interpretation of previous transport measurements.
New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of N-Containing Quinones and Derivatives Thereof: Total Synthesis of Epoxyquinomycin B (2001)

Von dem Mechanismus inspiriert, der in der vorausgehenden Zuschrift aufgeklärt wurde, ist die Domino-Oxidation von Aniliden mit Dess-Martin-Periodinan und o-Iodoxybenzoesäure zu N-substituierten p-Chinonen und o-Azachinonen, je nach Substitution des aromatischen Kerns. Diese Methode ermöglichte die Totalsynthese von Epoxychinomycin B, das stark entzündungshemmende Eigenschaften hat.
A Spectral Based Clustering Algorithm for Categorical Data with Maximum Modularity. (2011)

In this paper we propose a spectral based clustering algorithm to maximize an extended Modularity measure for categorical data; first, we establish the connection with the Relational Analysis criterion. Second, the maximization of the extended modularity is shown as a trace maximization problem. A spectral based algorithm is then presented to search for the partitions maximizing the extended Modularity criterion. Experimental results indicate that the new algorithm is efficient and effective at finding a good clustering across a variety of real-world data sets
Local Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes on Zeolite-covered Silicon Substrate by Laser-heating Chemical Vapor Depositon (2007)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been locally synthesized on zeolite-covered silicon substrates by laser-heating chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We used laser irradiation as a heat source, Fe/Co nanoparticles supported on zeolite as catalysts, and ethanol vapor as a carbon source. We heated the zeolite catalysts using a Nd: YAG laser at 50 mW with a spot size of about 5 &#x003BC;m diameter and synthesized SWNTs in a local area of about 20 &#x003BC;m diameter at the irradiation point. We also synthesized SWNTs in a line by scanning the laser irradiation at 800 mW at an average speed of 10 &#x003BC;m/s. The synthesized SWNTs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. To investigate the effect of heating SWNTs by the laser, we irradiated pure SWNTs synthesized by standard CVD in a vacuum furnace using the laser. Furthermore, we succeeded in bridging zeolite islands using SWNTs by laser-irradiating one side of the islands.
Design, implementation and evaluation of SELEDE (2019)

About half of the deaf children using a cochlear implant show poorer language performance than their hearing peers when they enter primary school. Some studies suggest that these problems could be explained by a domain-general deficit in processing sequences of stimuli. Although these problems are widely recognized among the major causes of the spoken and written language delay in children with cochlear implants, a training specific for these learning abilities needs to be further developed. In this paper, we discuss the design, development and preliminary User Experience (UX) evaluation of a digital tool aimed at filling this gap: SELEDE (SEquence LEarning for DEaf children). We followed a co-design approach, involving all interested stakeholders (children, researchers, developers, therapists) throughout the process.
Reduced-Rank Adaptive Filtering Using Localized Processing for CDMA Systems (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> An integrated beamforming (spatial processing) and multiuser-detection (temporal processing) scheme is an effective approach to increase system capacity but is also impractical due to the high associated computational costs. To overcome this problem, researchers have developed reduced-rank approaches. Adding to this class of algorithms, this paper introduces a joint-domain adaptive algorithm, which processes spatial and temporal data within a localized region after transformation to a “beamspace.” This new joint-domain-localized (JDL) adaptive algorithm is developed for single-cell uplink code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems with a receive-antenna array. Given a rank constraint on the JDL transformation, this paper develops the optimal choice of transformation matrix and justifies a simpler suboptimal choice. The JDL algorithm is shown to have relatively low computation load. We also introduce the JDL-Z algorithm that combines JDL processing with zero forcing for multicell uplink CDMA systems. At the cost of higher computational complexity, this new scheme provides better performance and a faster convergence rate than the JDL algorithm. However, the key contribution is a framework wherein adaptive processing can be followed by yet another stage of adaptive processing. Simulations are used to illustrate the efficacy of the two algorithms. </para>
Co-Occurring Symptoms Contribute to Persistent Fatigue in Prostate Cancer (2019)

Persistent fatigue at 1 year after EBRT in prostate cancer survivors is likely related to a cluster of symptoms elicited by chronic inflammation. Therapies that target each of these symptoms will likely reduce fatigue in this patient population.
Dielectric Behavior in the SrF2-H2O System. 2. Measurement at Low Temperatures (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDielectric Behavior in the SrF2-H2O System. 2. Measurement at Low TemperaturesYasushige Kuroda, Yuzo Yoshikawa, Tetsuo Morimoto, and Mahiko NagaoCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 6, 2173–2178Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00006a053https://doi.org/10.1021/la00006a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
410 Alterations of the Plasma Lipidome in Response to Severe Burn Injury (2019)

Previous studies have indicated that circulating factors play a significant role in muscle loss and impaired muscle recovery following burn injury. Additionally, it has been established that burn alters the overall lipid profile of WAT, but it has not been determined if burn can alter the signaling lipid profile in WAT. In response to burn injury, WAT undergoes a massive lipolysis, adipocyte size and lipid content are reduced, and the expression of several metabolic proteins, markers of innervation, and cytokines are altered. This study was to determine if burn injury instigates a remodeling of scWAT that causes metabolic dysfunction and secretion of novel lipids that function in an endocrine manner to increase skeletal muscle wasting in adult human subjects. Seven consented subjects were used for this study. All subjects had severe burn injury, 40-60% TBSA. Blood samples were collected prior to scheduled surgical procedures and subsequent plasma was used. We used MS/MS shotgun non-targeted lipidomics to determine the concentration of 112 species of oxidized lipids in the plasma. We identified 7 novel signaling lipids that were significantly increased in circulation, and 5 lipids that were significantly decreased in circulation within the first 48 h after burn injury in human subjects. The most striking increases were observed in 15-HETE and 15-oxoETE, arachidonic acid metabolites released from scWAT. Of these 7 lipids, 15-HETE was consistently significantly increased compared to normal samples throughout the first 7 days post-burn injury. Notably, it’s downstream metabolite, 15-oxoETE was also significantly increased in the circulation 4, 7, and 12 days post-burn injury. These exciting data indicate that burn injury significantly alters the lipidomic profile of scWAT. Future investigations will identify the physiological role for the increase in these lipids in response to burn injury. Determining signaling lipids will help in the clinical treatment of burn patients with severe burn.
Efficient minimization and manipulation of linearly transformed binary decision diagrams (2003)

Binary decision diagrams are widely used in many applications in VLSI CAD. Linear transformations are one way to increase the computational power of BDD. In this paper, we study linearly transformed BDD (LTBDD) from a practical point of view. First, we describe minimization techniques for LTBDD. Then, we present efficient manipulation algorithms for LTBDD. We give a large set of experimental results to demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithms.
Fibrin(ogen) and von Willebrand Factor Deposition Are Associated With Intimal Thickening After Balloon Angioplasty of the Rabbit Carotid Artery (1997)

The aim of the study was to assess the contribution of thrombus incorporation into neointimal thickening in the rabbit carotid artery after deep vascular injury induced by balloon angioplasty compared with superficial vascular injury induced by a perivascular collar. Besides CD 31 (PECAM 1), vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, rabbit anti-macrophage monoclonal antibody and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, fibrin(ogen) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) deposition was assessed immunohistochemically. Angioplasty was performed in 47 rabbits and evaluated immediately (n = 7), after 6 hours (n = 4), and after 1 (n = 7), 2 (n = 9), or 3 (n = 20) weeks. A collar was placed in 29 rabbits and evaluated immediately (n = 5), after 6 hours (n = 5), and after 1 (n = 7), 2 (n = 10), or 3 (n = 2) weeks. After dilatation, the arteries were extensively denuded of endothelium, the internal elastic membrane was ruptured and blood-filled clefts were present in the media, pointing to deep vascular (type III) injury. Six hours later, mural fibrin(ogen) thrombi were formed, specially at sites with severe damage. This fibrin(ogen) matrix became infiltrated by phagocytes and smooth muscle cells. A luminal cap covered by regenerating endothelium was formed, demonstrating increased immunoreactivity to vWF. vWF was deposited in the extracellular neointimal spaces. Fibrin(ogen) thrombus deposition and incorporation appeared to be protracted phenomena for at least 2 weeks. After collar placement, minimal endothelial denudation was documented, pointing to focal superficial (type I) vascular injury. In subsequent weeks, neointimal thickening was associated with vWF deposition but not with fibrin(ogen) thrombus incorporation. In conclusion, mural fibrin(ogen) thrombus formation and incorporation contribute to neointima formation after deep vascular injury and seem to occur for several weeks after the initial insult.
Arithmetic on the European logarithmic microprocessor (2000)

A new European research project aims to develop a microprocessor based on the logarithmic number system, in which a real number is represented as a fixed-point logarithm. Multiplication and division therefore proceed in minimal time with no rounding error. However, the system can only offer an overall advantage over floating-point if addition and subtraction can be performed with speed and accuracy at least equal to that of floating-point, but these operations require the interpolation of a nonlinear function which has hitherto been either time-consuming or inaccurate. We present a procedure by which additions and subtractions can be performed rapidly and accurately and show that these operations are thereby competitive with their floating-point equivalents. We then present some large-scale case studies which show that the average performance of the LNS exceeds floating-point, in terms of both speed and accuracy.
From Bulk to Monolayer MoS2: Evolution of Raman Scattering (2012)

Abstract Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) is systematically studied using Raman spectroscopy with ultraviolet and visible laser lines. It is shown that only the Raman frequencies of $ E_{2{\rm g}}^1 $ and $ A_{{\rm 1g}}^{} $ peaks vary monotonously with the layer number of ultrathin MoS 2 flakes, while intensities or widths of the peaks vary arbitrarily. The coupling between electronic transitions and phonons are found to become weaker when the layer number of MoS 2 decreases, attributed to the increased electronic transition energies or elongated intralayer atomic bonds in ultrathin MoS 2 . The asymmetric Raman peak at 454 cm −1 , which has been regarded as the overtone of longitudinal optical M phonons in bulk MoS 2 , is actually a combinational band involving a longitudinal acoustic mode (LA(M)) and an optical mode ( $ A_{{\rm 2u}}^{} $ ). Our findings suggest a clear evolution of the coupling between electronic transition and phonon when MoS 2 is scaled down from three‐ to two‐dimensional geometry.
Investigation into the Effects of Spatial Correlation on MIMO Channel Estimation and Capacity (2008)

This paper reports on investigations into the effects of spatial correlation on channel estimation and capacity of a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. Minimum mean square error (MMSE) method is applied for channel estimation under a correlated channel scenario. Simulation results for a 4 times 4 MIMO system with the Jakes model describing a channel between a base station and a mobile station demonstrate a trade-off between the effects of spatial correlation, channel estimation and capacity. For low values of signal to noise ratio (SNR), spatial correlation decreases channel estimation errors and improves capacity. For high values of SNR, spatial correlation has a less pronounced effect on improving channel estimation and thus the MIMO capacity is adversely affected by the decreased channel matrix rank.
Application of ultrasound for tissue fixation: Combined use with microwave to enhance the effect of chemical fixation. (1992)

Microwave (MW) has the advantage of accelerating infiltration of fixatives into tissue blocks, but the disadvantage of causing the temperature of the fixatives and tissue blocks to rise. We tried to minimize the temperature elevation during MW irradiation by applying ultrasound (US) in combination with MW oven furnishing US generator. US was uneffective in reducing the rise of temperature, however, it was able to enhance the rapid tissue fixation. Electron microscopic examination showed that the fine structure of organs, such as liver, pancreas, submandibular gland, small intestine, and kidney, was well preserved. Characteristically, the matrix of mitochondria appeared electron-dense, and the marginal zone of zymogen granules in the pancreas was more electron-opaque than the core of the granule. The immunoreactivity of zymogen granules to anti-amylase antibody was strong. The deformation or disorder of cell structure due to the thermal effect and cavitation that can be caused by US was not seen. US can be useful for histologic and immunohistochemical study.
High Pressure Composite Vessel With Integrated Optical Fiber Sensors: Monitoring of Manufacturing Process and Operation (2018)

The main purpose of the work was development of high-pressure composite vessel for hydrogen storage (type IV, CFRC) with an integrated Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system, based on optical fiber sensors. It has been assumed that this NDE system should provide for continuous and reliable monitoring of the structure during its long operation and enable estimation of degradation degree of the composite vessel load-carrying layer, and by that determination of its safe operation period. Showing suitability of the system for control of the vessels manufacturing technology and fulfilling the requirements of vessel certification standards has been also considered essential. It has been expected, that reaching the work goals required application of measurement methods based at fibre optic sensors with particular consideration for the Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBG). These transducers allowed for integration with the monitored object and were embedded in the composite material structure without influencing its mechanical properties. The research object were prototype vessels for Hydrogen storage in automotive applications, with nominal working pressures up to 700 bars. FBG sensors were integrated with COPV during manufacturing process (winding by robot). It allowed for controlling of each manufacturing steps (winding each layer, curing, hydraulic test) and further use during vessel normal operation. Additional investigations were dedicated to evaluation of SHM strategy, which allows for detection of damages in the vessel structure from manufacturing process through the whole lifespan. The proposed SHM solution was validated during pressure cycle test, which were performed according to the current regulations (EC 406/2010).