gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface-initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerisation from cellulose fibres (2012)

In this study, cellulose fibres have been grafted utilizing surface-initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerisation (SI-ROMP). Initially, a Grubbs' type catalyst was immobilized onto filter paper whereafter SI-ROMP of norbornene was performed from the surface of the fibres at three different reaction temperatures, room temperature (RT), 0 °C and −18 °C, and for different reaction times. The evaluation of the grafted cellulose was performed by contact angle measurements, FT-Raman spectroscopy, FE-SEM and TGA. After the grafting, all samples were clearly hydrophobic with weight increases up to over 100%. The FT-Raman spectroscopy analysis showed significant structural changes after polymerization for cellulose substrates polymerized at 0 °C and RT, confirming that a polymer was grafted from the surface. FE-SEM images verified that these samples are covered by polynorbornene and that the fibrillar structure of the native cellulose disappeared. For the samples grafted at −18 °C, no significant changes were seen with these analysis methods. However, SI-ROMP appears to be a versatile method to modify cellulose fibres.
Impaired cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in systemic lupus erythematosus following in vitro polyclonal T cell stimulation: a contributory role for non-T cells (1999)

To determine whether non-T cells contribute to impaired generation of nonrestricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in human SLE, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and sorturified T cells from normal subjects and SLE patients were stimulated with anti-CD3 mAb, maintained in IL2, and assayed for cytolytic activity against 51Cr-labeled Daudi target cells. In addition, T cell and non-T cell fractions were isolated from nine pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for SLE, reconstituted in a criss-cross pattern, and stimulated and assayed for cytolytic activity. Cytolytic responses were significantly lower in SLE PBMC cultures than in normal PBMC cultures. Addition of SLE serum to normal PBMC cultures did not inhibit generation of normal cytolytic responses, and neither `resting' SLE PBMC prior to stimulation nor addition of neutralizing anti-IL10 mAb or costimulating anti-CD28 mAb restored generation of SLE cytolytic responses to normal. Nevertheless, despite the significantly greater cytolytic responses in normal PBMC cultures than in SLE PBMC cultures, cytolytic responses in normal purified T cell cultures were only modestly and insignificantly greater than those in SLE purified T cell cultures. Moreover, substitution of `healthy' non-T cells for SLE non-T cells in four of the nine MZ twin-pairs appreciably enhanced cytolytic responses, and substitution of SLE non-T cells for `healthy' non-T cells in five of the seven twin-pairs tested appreciably diminished cytolytic responses. Taken together, these results indicate that, in addition to any inherent SLE T cell abnormalities, impaired function of SLE non-T cells contributes to impaired generation of nonrestricted CTL activity.
Temperature-driven massless Kane fermions in HgCdTe crystals (2016)

Bulk films and heterostructures based on HgCdTe compounds can be engineered to fabricate “gapped-at-will” structures. Therefore, 1D [1], 2D [2] and even 3D [3] massless particles can be observed in topological phase transitions driven by intrinsic (quantum well thickness, Cd content) and external (magnetic field, temperature or pressure) physical parameters. So far, the phases of 2D [1] and 3D [4] topological insulator have already been experimentally demonstrated in HgCdTe-based heterostructures. More recently, clear experimental evidence of the existence of 3D electronic states with conical-like spectrum was obtained in HgCdTe bulk films at specific Cd content [3]. These 3D massless particles, called Kane fermions, have unique symmetry properties, which are not equivalent to any well-known case of massless particles in the ultrarelativistic limit of the quantum electrodynamics.
Thermochemical surface engineering: a playground for science and innovation:Paper (2019)

Surface engineering by thermochemical processing is the intentional change of the composition of a material at elevated temperature with the purpose to improve materials performance. In thermochemical processing components from the starting material are essential in the development of the phases at the surface. Current research and innovation activities are used to exemplify thermochemical surface engineering and the interplay of science and innovation. The examples given encompass aspects of the synthesis of extremely porous materials, low temperature surface hardening of stainless steel, surface hardening of titanium alloys, as well as thermo-reactive diffusion for extreme wear resistance
PROPERTIES OF HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE WITH MATERIAL SEGREGATION IN STRUCTURE (2007)

In this study, we investigated the influence of material segregations on the behaviors of high-strength concrete. The test results indicate that the mechanical properties of structural concrete more easily influenced by the material segregation. Material segregation may result in inadequate other performances of the structure using high-strength concrete, besides the degradation of mechanical properties, due to the significant differences in temperature rise and shrinkage. 90%, which is a ratio of actual coarse aggregate area to be the planed one, may be considered as an allowable limit of material segregation. Also, there is no great difference in the performances of structural concrete if the material segregation index of upper layer is not more than 20%.
Subfascial Plate Fixation of Comminuted Diaphyseal Femoral Fractures: A Report of Three Cases Utilizing Biological Osteosynthesis (1997)

Internal fixation with preservation of tissues and vascularization, as in intramedullary fixation and bridging plate osteosynthesis, so-called biological osteosynthesis, has become increasingly popular. Our experiences, in three patients, using a technique of internal fixation of comminuted diaphyseal femoral fractures with an AO plate in subfascial position without exposure of the fracture site is presented. Though based on unorthodox mechanical principles, the safety and efficacy of bridging plates, even when applied in unusual situations, are illustrated.
Capabilities of recurrent anogenital wart therapy (2015)

The topicality of the human papillomavirus infection problem is due to a worldwide increase in the incidence of its recurrent forms and associated cancer pathology. Infection relapses and their negative impact on the personal and social aspects of life necessitate a search for safe drugs that affect various elements in the pathogenesis of the infection. Material and methods. The study included 92 patients with recurrent anogenital warts. All patients underwent combined therapy, including laser destruction and administration of Panavir suppositories. Results. Application of Panavir rectal suppositories in combination with destruction of anogenital warts provided an increased remission period in 90.22% of the patients. No allergic reactions and side effects were observed. Conclusions. A high clinical efficacy and good tolerability of Panavir suppositories observed in 90.2% of patients make it possible to recommend the combined method for extensive use in the treatment of human papillomavirus infection.
Effective Protection Against Experimental Taenia solium Tapeworm Infection in Hamsters by Primo-Infection and by Vaccination with Recombinant or Synthetic Heterologous Antigens (2006)

The disease caused by Taenia solium is progressively being recognized as a growing global threat for public human health and pig husbandry that requires the development of effective control measures. A central participant in the taeniasis/cysticercosis transmission network is the human carrier of the adult tapeworm because of its great potential in spreading the infection. Herein, evidence is presented that a primary infection of golden hamsters with orally administered T. solium cysticerci improved the host's resistance against a secondary infection. Likewise, previous vaccination increased the hamster's resistance. Similar high levels of protection (> 78%) were induced by systemic or oral vaccination with the S3Pvac anticysticercosis synthetic peptide vaccine or the highly immunogenic recombinant chimera based on the protective peptide KETc1 bound to Brucella spp. lumazine synthase (BLS-KETc1). Increased resistance after primo-infection and vaccination possibly results from changes in the immune conditions prevailing in the host's intestine. The contribution to protection from the KETc1 and BLS epitopes in a chimeric vaccine is under study. Preventive vaccination of definitive hosts of T. solium against the tapeworm, the most relevant step in the taeniasis/cysticercosis transmission, may greatly impact the dynamics of endemic disease and has not been studied or tried previously.
Dexterity-enhanced telerobotic microsurgery (2002)

A telerobotic platform developed in a collaboration between NASA-JPL and MicroDexterity Systems, Inc (MDS) is described in this paper. The lightweight, compact 6 dof master-slave system is precise to better than 10 microns and can cover a workspace greater than 400 cubic centimeters. Current capabilities of the system include manual position control with augmented shared control modes and automatic modes of control of the robot. Simulated force feedback on the master device has been implemented and plans are to integrate force reflection from the slave end effector and evaluate the performance improvements enabled by the telerobot in simulated microsurgical tasks. The telerobot was used in a recent demonstration of a simulated eye microsurgical procedure.
Classical conditioning of proboscis extension in honeybees (Apis mellifera). (1983)

Extension of the proboscis was conditioned in restrained honeybees with odor as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and sucrose solution--delivered to the antenna (to elicit extension of the proboscis) and then to the proboscis itself--as the unconditioned stimulus (US). In a first series of experiments, acquisition was found to be very rapid, both in massed and in spaced trials; its associative basis was established by differential conditioning and by an explicitly unpaired control procedure (which produced marked resistance to acquisition in subsequent paired training); and both extinction and spontaneous recovery in massed trials were demonstrated. In a series of experiments on the nature of the US, eliminating the proboscis component was found to lower the asymptotic level of performance, whereas eliminating the antennal component was without effect; reducing the concentration of sucrose from 20% to 7% slowed acquisition but did not lower the asymptotic level of performance; and second-order conditioning was demonstrated. In a series of experiments on the role of the US, an omission contingency designed to eliminate adventitious response-reinforcer contiguity was found to have no adverse effect on acquisition. In a series of experiments designed to analyze the resistance to acquisition found after explicitly unpaired training in the first experiments, no significant effect was found of prior exposure either to the CS alone or to the US alone, although the unpaired procedure again produced substantial resistance that was shown to be due to inhibition rather than to inattention; extinction after paired training was found to be facilitated by unpaired presentations of the US. The relation between these results for honeybees and those of analogous experiments with vertebrates is considered.
Dielectric and photochemical behavior of amorphous copolymers containing photochromic azobenzene side groups (2003)

A combination of optical spectroscopy with real time dielectric spectroscopy is used to investigate the structural changes and the dynamics induced by the E/Z-isomerization of azobenzene moieties in photochromic polymers.
Agents stimulating central dopamine receptors : synthesis and structure-activity relationships (1981)

Agents stimulating central dopamine receptors : synthesis and structure-activity relationships
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-3 from Reprogramming T Lymphocytes for Melanoma Adoptive Immunotherapy by T-Cell Receptor Gene Transfer with Lentiviral Vectors (2023)

Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-3 from Reprogramming T Lymphocytes for Melanoma Adoptive Immunotherapy by T-Cell Receptor Gene Transfer with Lentiviral Vectors
Immunochemical analysis of lipopolysaccharides from free-living and endosymbiotic forms of Rhizobium leguminosarum (1990)

Rhizobium leguminosarum B556 and 8002 differ only with respect to carrying symbiotic plasmids with specificity for Pisum or Phaseolus hosts, respectively. Protease-treated samples derived from free-living cultures of both strains revealed a ladder of lipopolysaccharide (LPS-1) bands after periodate-silver staining of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. These bands were arranged as doublets. After Western (immuno-) blotting, all LPS-1 bands reacted with monoclonal antibody JIM 21, whereas monoclonal antibody MAC 57 reacted only with the upper (slower-migrating) band and monoclonal antibody MAC 114 reacted only with the lower band of each doublet pair. Preparations obtained from bacteroids of Pisum or Phaseolus nodules showed significant differences in the size distribution and antigenicity of LPS. In bacteroids from Phaseolus sp., JIM 21 and MAC 57 each stained a ladder of LPS-1 bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels which corresponded in mobility to the upper band of each doublet pair seen in free-living cultures. MAC 114 did not react with the LPS from Phaseolus sp.-derived bacteroids. In bacteroids from Pisum sp., only fast-migrating (lower-molecular-weight) forms of LPS-1 could be visualized on gels, but both upper and lower bands of each doublet were still present and could be stained by the appropriate monoclonal antibody, MAC 57 or MAC 114, respectively. Similarly, bacteroids from R. leguminosarum 3841, which nodulates Pisum species, differed with respect to the structure and antigenicity of their LPS-1 from bacteroids of a related strain, B625, which nodulates Phaseolus species. Physiological factors were investigated that could account for these differences between the structures of LPS-1 from free-living cultures of B556 and 8002 and that from bacteroids. The following modifications in growth conditions each tended to reduce the expression of MAC 114 antigen and enhance the expression of MAC 57 antigen: succinate rather than glucose as the carbon source; microaerobic (2.5%, vol/vol) oxygen concentrations; and acidic (pH 5 to 6) culture medium. When all three of these conditions were combined, the LPS-1 that resulted was very similar to that in bacteroids from Pisum nodules. However, it was not possible to reproduce the LPS-1 pattern observed for bacteroids from Phaseolus nodules, which maintained a ladder of LPS bands reacting with MAC 57 antibody.
Etch Rate Modification of SiO[sub 2] by Ion Damage (2006)

Increased etch rate for implanted oxide with boron, phosphorus, arsenic, and argon is characterized for aqueous and vapor hydrofluoric acid (HF). Destruction by implantation of Si-O bonds makes oxide more reactive to HF. Water being reaction product and catalyst for oxide etching, its amount controls the reaction kinetic. In aqueous solution selectivity of four between implanted and unimplanted oxide is reached but increases up to 200 in vapor HF. In the case of HF etching under vapor phase the generated water increases the etch rate. This technique opens many process possibilities such as etch stop layer development, etching of buried trenches, definition of MEMS anchors, etc. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women living with HIV in Hubei province, China: prevalence and risk factors (2022)

Mother-to-child transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been greatly reduced with the advance of intervention technology. However, adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are still common, and little is known about the driving forces of APOs among pregnant women living with HIV in China. Between January 2004 and December 2020, a total of 638 pregnancies among pregnant women living with HIV were enrolled in this study, 84 (13.2%) pregnancies with 87 APOs were reported. Preterm birth (3.8%), ectopic pregnancy (3.4%), spontaneous abortion (2.0%), and embryo arrest (1.7%) were the most common APOs in pregnant women living with HIV. Exposure to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) during the first trimester (RR = 4.077, 95% CI: 0.521, 1.484, P<0.001) and the first CD4+ T lymphocyte count (CD4 count)≤ 350/μl (RR = 2.227, 95% CI: 0.063, 0.991, <i>P</i> = 0.026) were risk factors of APOs. The age≤ 30 years (RR = -2.513, 95% CI: -1.067, -0.132, <i>P</i> = 0.012) was associated with the decreasing of APOs. Encouraging people to initiate combination antiretroviral therapy and reach a high CD4 count level before pregnancy would be helpful to prevent APOs. Pregnant women exposed to ARVs in the first trimester needed more attention for APOs.
Tumor Intrinsic Subtype Is Reflected in Cancer-Adjacent Tissue (2020)

Overall survival of early-stage breast cancer (BC) patients is similar for those who undergo breast conserving therapy (BCT) and mastectomy, however, 10-15% of women undergoing BCT suffer ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence. The risk of recurrence may vary with BC subtype. Understanding the gene expression of the cancer-adjacent tissue and the stromal response to specific tumor subtypes is important for developing clinical strategies to reduce recurrence risk.
Substrate‐Mediated Deactivation of a Ru(PtBu2NBn2) Cooperative Complex (2015)

Abstract Ligand design for metal–ligand cooperative (MLC) catalysis is inherently more complex than that for traditional non‐cooperative ligands. The basicity, sterics and structure of the acid/base group in MLC proton‐transfer (PT) complexes, for instance, undoubtedly influence catalyst performance. Herein, we evaluate the highly tunable P R 2 N R′ 2 (1,5‐R′‐3,7‐R‐1,5‐diaza‐3,7‐diphosphacyclooctane) ligand family for the first time in an organic transformation. With [Ru(Cp)(P t Bu 2 N Bn 2 )(MeCN)][PF 6 ] as the catalyst, no turnover was observed in the anti‐Markovnikov hydration of alkynes, a known PT MLC reaction. Treatment of the cooperative complex with phenylacetylene affords a vinylammonium product in which the pendant nitrogen atom of the P t Bu 2 N Bn 2 ligand forms a Lewis acid–base adduct with the alpha‐carbon atom of the vinylidene intermediate. Characterization by X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy conclusively assign this structure in both the solid and the solution state. The adduct formation is irreversible, and the adduct is characterized as a catalyst deactivation product.
ChemInform Abstract: Monochlorogallane: Physical Properties and Structure of the Gaseous Molecule H2Ga(μ‐Cl)2GaH2 as Determined by Vibrational, Electron Diffraction, and ab initio Studies. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Corrosion Behaviour of Stainless Steels Aner Plasma and Ammonia Nitriding (1989)

Steels Cr17Ni2 and Cr18Ni9Ti were plasma nitrided and nitrided in ammonia at 585°C for 16h, and the layers obtained examined by X-ray diffraction and microhardness measurements. Corrosion properties were determined in 0.05M Na 2 SO 4 at pH 3.0 and 5.0, with and without added chloride, using a potentiodynamic polarisation method. Nitriding resulted in a deterioration of corrosion resistance, especially in the acidic (pH 3.0) solutions, whereas in the near neutral (pH 5.0) chloride free solution the deterioration was slight and limitea to the transpassive region. Ammonia nitrided layers with ε +γ nitrides had lower corrosion resistances than plasma nitrided layers with γ nitride alone. This can be explained by the high porosity of the ε nitride layers and the resultant exposure of diffusion zones. The corrosion resistance of diffusion zones with CrN precipitates was markedly lower than that of outer nitride zones and of steel cores.
Agrobacterium VirD2 protein interacts with plant host cyclophilins (1998)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens induces crown gall tumors on plants by transferring a nucleoprotein complex, the T-complex, from the bacterium to the plant cell. The T-complex consists of T-DNA, a single-stranded DNA segment of the tumor-inducing plasmid, VirD2, an endonuclease covalently bound to the 5' end of the T-DNA, and perhaps VirE2, a single-stranded DNA binding protein. The yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen for proteins interacting with VirD2 and VirE2 to identify components in Arabidopsis thaliana that interact with the T-complex. Three VirD2- and two VirE2-interacting proteins were identified. Here we characterize the interactions of VirD2 with two isoforms of Arabidopsis cyclophilins identified by using this analysis. The VirD2 domain interacting with the cyclophilins is distinct from the endonuclease, omega, and the nuclear localization signal domains. The VirD2-cyclophilin interaction is disrupted in vitro by cyclosporin A, which also inhibits Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis and tobacco. These data strongly suggest that host cyclophilins play a role in T-DNA transfer.
Assembly of Primary (Hetero)Arylamines via CuI/Oxalic Diamide-Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Chlorides and Ammonia (2015)

A general and practical catalytic system for aryl amination of aryl chlorides with aqueous or gaseous ammonia has been developed, with CuI as the catalyst and bisaryl oxalic diamides as the ligands. The reaction proceeds at 105-120 °C to provide a diverse set of primary (hetero)aryl amines in high yields with various functional groups.
K-Distribution and Multi-Frequency Polarmetric Terrain Radar Clutter (1991)

A multivariate K-distribution, well supported by experimental data, is proposed to model the statistics of fully polarimetric radar clutter of earth terrain. In this approach, correlated polarizations of backscattered radar returns are characterized by a covariance matrix and homogeneity of terrain scatterers is characterized by a parameter . As compared with C-, L- and P-band polarimetric SAR image simultaneously measured by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) on Mt. Shasta, it is found that appears to decrease from C- to P-band for both the forest and burned areas.
Reshaping Rubrene by Controlled Reduction with Alkali Metals (2012)

Abstract Mono‐, di‐ and tetraanions of rubrene, (C 42 H 28 , Rub 0 ), were generated by the controlled reduction of neutral polyarene with various alkali metals in the appropriate solvent. The X‐ray diffraction studies of the resulting adducts of Rub 1– , Rub 2– and Rub 4– with alkali‐metal ions revealed the distortion of the rubrene core upon the stepwise acquisition of electrons. Coordination of the Cs + ion and a noticeable deformation of Rub 1– are observed at the first reduction step. Two types of rubrene dianions showing an essentially different conformation and coordination environment for the central tetracene core have been seen in the cesium adduct of Rub 2– . Various types of supramolecular assembly between the tetrareduced rubrene anion, Rub 4– , and lithium or rubidium cations have been found in the corresponding products in the solid state. The structures of rubrene anions and their aggregation with alkali‐metal ions in solution have been studied by ESR and multinuclear NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, 7 Li and 133 Cs) spectroscopy.
Er^3+:Yb^3+-codoped fiber distributed-feedback laser (1994)

We report what is to our knowledge the first fiber distributed-feedback laser using a single Bragg grating at 1.5 microm written directly into a 2-cm-long Er(3+)-doped fiber codoped with Yb(3+). We obtained robust single-frequency operation by either using one end reflector or locally heating the center of the grating to create the necessary phase shift.