gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Query suspend and resume (2007)

Suppose a long-running analytical query is executing on a database server and has been allocated a large amount of physical memory. A high-priority task comes in and we need to run it immediately with all available resources. We have several choices. We could swap out the old query to disk, but writing out a large execution state may take too much time. Another option is to terminate the old query and restart it after the new task completes, but we would waste all the work already performed by the old query. Yet another alternative is to periodically checkpoint the query during execution, but traditional synchronous checkpointing carries high overhead. In this paper, we advocate a database-centric approach to implementing query suspension and resumption, with negligible execution overhead, bounded suspension cost, and efficient resumption. The basic idea is to let each physical query operator perform lightweight checkpointing according to its own semantics, and coordinate asynchronous checkpoints among operators through a novel contracting mechanism. At the time of suspension, we find an optimized suspend plan for the query, which may involve a combination of dumping current state to disk and going back to previous checkpoints. The plan seeks to minimize the suspend/resume overhead while observing the constraint on suspension time. Our approach requires only small changes to the iterator interface, which we have implemented in the PREDATOR database system. Experiments with our implementation demonstrate significant advantages of our approach over traditional alternatives.
Fine Localization of the Torsion Dystonia Gene (DYT1) on Human Chromosome 9q34: YAC Map and Linkage Disequilibrium (1997)

The DYT1 gene, which maps to chromosome 9q34, appears to be responsible for most cases of early-onset torsion dystonia in both Ashkenazic Jewish (AJ) and non-Jewish families. This disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant mode with reduced penetrance (30%-40%). The abnormal involuntary movements associated with this disease are believed to be caused by unbalanced neural transmission in the basal ganglia. Previous linkage disequilibrium studies in the AJ population placed the DYT1 gene in a 2-cM region between the loci D9S62a and ASS. A YAC contig has now been created spanning 600 kb of this region including D9S62a. The location of the DYT1 gene has been refined within this contig using several new polymorphic loci to expand the linkage disequilibrium analysis of the AJ founder mutation. The most likely location of the DYT1 gene is within a 150 kb region between the loci D9S2161 and D9S63.
Remission of renal disease: recounting the challenge, acquiring the goal (2002)

Renal excretory function begins at the glomerular capillaries with the formation of a nearly ideal ultrafiltrate of plasma.The volume and composition of the ultrafiltrate undergo sequential change along the nephron, ultimately regulated to preserve near-constancy of mineral, electrolyte, and fluid balance.Modest derangement of these processes often escapes clinical or laboratory detection, because the myriad of unimpaired nephrons compensate more or less completely.Beyond a certain level of injury, however, compensatory adaptations no longer keep pace with nephron loss.As a result, glomerular filtration rate declines and organic nitrogenous wastes (e.g., creatinine, urea) accumulate in plasma and other body fluids.In acute renal failure, injury is usually transient, so that deterioration of function is short-lived and reversible.Not so, however, with the many forms of irreversible nephron damage, which typically progress over time, often eventuating in complete loss of renal function, systemic toxicity (uremia), and death unless the lost function is replaced by chronic dialysis and/or successful renal transplantation.Much of the effort in nephrology since the 1970s has been concerned with improving the effectiveness of these renal-replacement therapies.In the late 1960s, we fortuitously gained access to a unique strain of rats with many glomeruli that are situated on the renal cortical surface.For the first time, mammalian glomeruli were therefore accessible to direct study by new microtechniques developed in our laboratory.We therefore addressed the following questions: (a) What are the precise hemodynamic forces and biophysical properties that govern glomerular capillary function in health?(b) How are these elements modified during renal injury?(c) Do these modifications contribute to the relentless progression of renal disease?(d) If so, can they be reversed, so as to retard further deterioration of renal function and prevent end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
Feedback control logic for spacecraft eigenaxis rotations under slew rate and control constraints (1994)

The problem of reorienting a rigid spacecraft as fast as possible within the physical limits of actuators and sensors is investigated. In particular, a nonlinear feedback control logic which accommodates the actuator and sensor saturation limits is introduced. The nearminimum-time eigenaxis reorientation problem of the Xray Timing Explorer spacecraft under slew rate and control torque constraints is used as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness and simplicity of the proposed nonlinear feedback control logic.
When Justices (Subconsciously) Attack: The Theory of Argumentative Threat and the Supreme Court (2013)

This paper is the third and final article in a series that discusses research performed over the past four years regarding the effect of certain language usages in appellate briefs and opinions. The first two articles, Does the Readability of Your Brief Affect Your Chance of Winning on Appeal? and “Clearly Using Intensifiers is Very Bad — Or Is It?”, were published in the Journal of Appellate Practice & Process and The Idaho Law Review, respectively. This article (in the Oregon Law Review), proposes a theory of argumentative threat which hypothesizes that when faced with an argument that a legal writer believes — or knows — she is likely to lose, the writer will tend to write in a style that uses more intensifiers. There is also some evidence (not statistically significant) that longer sentences and longer words may be associated with a defensive style of writing. The article illustrates its point by using recent majority and dissenting opinions of the U.S. Supreme Court. The article also suggests that the “conservative” Justices use more intensifiers in their dissenting opinions than their “liberal” counterparts.
Productivity Change in The Efficiency of The Insurance and Takaful Industry of Pakistan (2018)

This paper will use the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) synchronized with the inputoriented Data Envelopment Approach to evaluating the productivity change for the insurance and takaful industry of Pakistan for the period of 2008 to 2016. Total factor productivity (TFP) change for the industry is measured and then it is decomposed into Technical efficiency change and technological change to measure the reason for the productivity change. The results of the study reveal that overall insurance industry in Pakistan was enjoying the increase in the total factor productivity during the above mentioned period. Change in factor productivity for the takaful companies was better than insurance firms. Therefore, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency made takaful operators more productive comparative to the conventional insurers.
Non-consensus DNA sequences function in a cell-type-specific enhancer of the mouse class II MHC gene Aα (1991)

Class II MHC proteins play central roles in controlling immune cell repertoire and responses. These roles depend on precise regulation of the level and cell-type specificity of class II gene expression. Instances of both coordinate and non-coordinate regulation of the multiple class II genes have been described. A 1.3 kb region of the class II MHC gene A alpha has previously been shown to activate transcription in a cell-type specific fashion that correlated with the expression of A alpha. The mouse A alpha gene differs from other class II MHC genes in that its conserved X region also contains the CRE/ATF DNA motif TGACGTCA. Substitution mutations were introduced into the 1.3 kb region such that the CRE/ATF (X2) motif was altered, but not the adjacent X1 or Y box motifs. Controls confirmed that these mutations eliminated the binding of nuclear proteins to the CRE/ATF motif and reduced transcriptional activity as much as mutation of the Y box. In addition, a new positive transcription element was identified far upstream from the conserved X-Y region, centered on position -970. The sequence of this region does not resemble previously described transcription elements or other MHC class II 5' flanking sequences. The activity of this element was absolutely dependent on the presence of the X-Y region. These data are most consistent with a model in which functionally important sequences unique to a single class II MHC gene can be intimately interposed between conserved MHC transcription elements, and non-consensus elements upstream from the conserved region contribute to control of A alpha.
Plant-Derived Oils Reduce Pathogens and Gaseous Emissions from Stored Cattle Waste (2001)

Carvacrol and thymol in combination at 6.7 mM each completely inhibited the production of short-chain volatile fatty acids and lactate from cattle waste in anoxic flasks over 23 days. Fecal coliforms were reduced from 4.6 x 10(6) to 2.0 x 10(3) cells per ml 2 days after treatment and were nondetectable within 4 days. Total anaerobic bacteria were reduced from 8.4 x 10(10) to 1.5 x 10(7) cells per ml after 2 days and continued to be suppressed to that level after 14 days. If the concentration of carvacrol or thymol were doubled (13.3 mM), either could be used to obtain the same inhibitory fermentation effect. We conclude that carvacrol or thymol may be useful as an antimicrobial chemical to control pathogens and odor in stored livestock waste.
Plasma etching A ’’pseudo-black-box’’ approach (1977)

A framework for understanding plasma etching has been developed (using the CF4 plasma etching of silicon and silicon compounds as an example) which treats the discharge as a ’’pseudo-black-box’’ which is characterized by a dissociation rate G of the CF4 molecules and a recombination rate R at which CF4 and other inert molecules are re-formed by recombination of the active fragments. Expressions based on the conservation of fluorine and carbon in the system have been derived which relate the concentration of the various species in the effluent gas to the etch rate. This approach provides a semiquantitative understanding of several aspects of plasma etching such as the effects of additive gases and the presence of a much larger ’’loading’’ effect for Si than for SiO2.
A T7 RNA Polymerase Mutant Enhances the Yield of 5′‐Thienoguanosine‐Initiated RNAs (2017)

Spectroscopic methods, which are used to establish RNA structure-function relationships, require strategies for post-synthetic, site-specific incorporation of chemical probes into target RNAs. For RNAs larger than 50 nt, the enzymatic incorporation of a nucleoside or nucleotide monophosphate guanosine analogue (G analogue) at their 5'-end is routinely achieved by T7 RNA polymerase (T7RNAP)-mediated in vitro transcription (IVT) of the appropriate DNA template containing a GTP-initiating class III Φ6.5 promoter. However, when high G analogue:GTP ratios are used to bias G analogue incorporation at the 5'-end, RNA yield is compromised. Here, we show that the use of a T7RNAP P266L mutant in IVT with 10:1 thienoguanosine (<sup>th</sup> G):GTP increased the percent incorporation and yield of 5'-<sup>th</sup> G-initiated precursor tRNA for a net ≈threefold gain compared to IVT with wild-type T7RNAP. We also demonstrated that a one-pot multienzyme approach, consisting of transcription by T7RNAP P266L and post-transcriptional cleanup by polyphosphatase and an exonuclease, led to essentially near-homogeneous 5'-<sup>th</sup> G-modified transcripts. This approach should be of broad utility in preparing 5'-modified RNAs.
Context, cortex, and dopamine: A connectionist approach to behavior and biology in schizophrenia. (1992)

Connectionist models are used to explore the relationship between cognitive deficits and biological abnormalities in schizophrenia. Schizophrenic deficits in tasks that tap attention and language processing are reviewed, as are biological disturbances involving prefrontal cortex and the mesocortical dopamine system. Three computer models are then presented that simulate normal and schizophrenic performance in the Stroop task, the continuous performance test, and a lexical disambiguation task. They demonstrate that a disturbance in the internal representation of contextual information can provide a common explanation for schizophrenic deficits in several attention- and language-related tasks. The models also show that these behavioral deficits may arise from a disturbance in a model parameter (gain) corresponding to the neuromodulatory effects of dopamine, in a model component corresponding to the function of prefrontal cortex.
New latent metathesis catalysts equipped with exchangeable boronic ester groups on the NHC (2018)

Latent metathesis catalysts equipped with boronate esters of diols as exchangeable end-groups on their NHC ligands and an S-chelated ruthenium-benzylidene core were synthesized. The stable S-chelated ruthenium complexes underwent hydrolysis under mild acidic conditions, allowing easy exchange of terminal units by several 1,2- and 1,3-diols, without degrading the central ruthenium benzylidene. Using this strategy, we also prepared metathesis catalysts equipped with diallyl substrates at the termini that showed concentration dependency on RCM reactions. Notably, the larger dendritic catalysts were more efficient at the more dilute condition.
The stretchable selection tool: an alternative to copy and paste (2002)

Copy and paste, or cut and paste, using a clipboard or paste buffer is the principal facility provided to users for transferring data between and within application software. This mechanism is clumsy to use where several pieces of information must be moved systematically, for example, when filling a form or building a table. We present an alternative, more natural user interface facility to make the task less onerous, and to provide improved visual feedback. Our mechanism — the stretchable selection tool (SST) — is a semi-transparent overlay augmenting the mouse pointer to automate paste operations and provide information to prompt the user. Two prototype implementations are described, one of which functions in a collaborative software environment allowing users to cooperate on multiple copy/paste operations. We also present the results of an informal user evaluation contrasting the SST with traditional cut and paste, and with another multiple copy/paste system.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Aging of Preleukemic Thymocytes Drives CpG Island Hypermethylation in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

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Einführung (2019)

Im Bereich des Kapitalmarktrechts genießen ökonomische Methoden mittlerweile eine herausgehobene Bedeutung. Ein Verständnis der ökonomischen Wirkungen der Rechtsnormen wird als wesentliche Voraussetzung für die Schaffung eines modernen Kapitalmarktrechts angesehen. Die Arbeit untersucht die Haftung für den Wertpapierprospekt aus einem rechtlich-ökonomischen Blickwinkel und analysiert den Einfluss der geltenden Regelungen auf die effiziente Allokation des Anlagekapitals am Kapitalmarkt. Auf diese Weise ergeben sich neue Einblicke in die Wirkungsweise der geltenden Vorschriften und Möglichkeiten für künftige Reformen. Die Arbeit richtet sich sowohl an den Rechtsanwender, den Wissenschaftler als auch den Gesetzgeber.
Triplets de photons : de l'optique non linéaire à l'optique quantique (2011)

National audience
Synthesis of oxytocin, arginine-vasopressin and its deamino-analogue using 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl group for protection of the cysteine sulfur (1981)

Preparation of oxytocin, arginine-vasopressin and its deamino-analogue serves as an example of use of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl group for protection of the cysteine sulfur atom in the peptide synthesis. This modified benzyl group is sufficiently stable under conditions of solvolytic removal of common amino-protecting groups and it can be cleaved off under mild conditions with liquid hydrogen fluoride or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.
Association of High-Dose Ibuprofen Use, Lung Function Decline, and Long-Term Survival in Children with Cystic Fibrosis (2018)

In a propensity-score matched cohort study of children with cystic fibrosis, we observed an association between high-dose ibuprofen use and both slower lung function decline and improved long-term survival. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that treatment-associated reduction of lung function decline in children with cystic fibrosis leads to improved survival.
Performance of the Overlay Tester in Cyclic Loading Mode (2017)

The premature cracking of asphalt concrete (AC) layers in flexible pavements is one of the major concerns of the pavement community. The overlay tester (OT) is considered by several highway agencies to evaluate the cracking resistance of AC mixes. The variability of OT results is expressed as a major concern in reliably characterizing the cracking potential of AC mixes. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the variability of the number of cycles to failure (currently the main output parameter of OT test) and propose alternative parameters that can be measured for characterizing the cracking potential of AC mixes. Three AC mixes were used to evaluate the uncertainties associated with the performance of the OT tests. The OT can be employed with more certainty if cracking parameters measured from the first hysteresis loop and load reduction curves are implemented on a data interpretation method.
Intramolecular Dimerization of Silylenes Leading to Novel Cyclic Disilenes (2002)

Abstract Photochemically generated 1,6-diphenyl-1,6-disilahexane-1,1,6,6-tetrayl (1,6-bissilylene) undergoes intramolecular dimerization to give 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-disilacyclohex-1-ene.
Formation of Acene-Based Polymers: Mechanistic Computational Study (2013)

Understanding the mechanism of linear acene decomposition and its reactivity is a prerequisite for controlling the stability of acenes and their future applications. Previously, we suggested that long acenes may undergo polymerization since the polymerization product is thermodynamically more stable than the dimerization product. However, due to kinetic considerations, the most thermodynamically stable product, the polymer, might not necessarily be formed. To elucidate the situation, we investigated the mechanisms of acene polymerization computationally, using pentacene, hexacene, and heptacene as representative examples. Similarly to dimerization, acene polymerization follows a stepwise biradical pathway. Structural and steric hindrance of the polymer backbone forces acene polymerization to proceed via the less reactive noncentral benzene rings. Consequently, dimerization is always kinetically more favorable than polymerization, irrespective of acene length. Although, for long acenes starting from hexacene, both polymerization and dimerization are barrierless pathways relative to the reactants, polymerization is thermodynamically preferred for hexacene and heptacene and even more so for longer acenes (since polymerization forms four new C-C bonds while dimerization forms only two). Indeed, reinvestigation of available experimental data suggests that acene-based polymers were probably obtained experimentally previously.
ChemInform Abstract: New Dihydro and Tetrahydro Derivatives of Desmycosin. Part 3. The Opening of Oxirane Ring of 12,13‐Epoxydesmycosin. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Toward ultimate efficiency: progress and prospects on planar and 3D nanostructured nonpolar and semipolar InGaN light-emitting diodes (2018)

Nonpolar and semipolar III-nitride-based blue and green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been extensively investigated as potential replacements for current polar c-plane LEDs. High-power and low-efficiency-droop blue LEDs have been demonstrated on nonpolar and semipolar planes III-nitride due to the advantages of eliminated or reduced polarization-related electric field and homoepitaxial growth. Semipolar (202&#x00AF;1) and (202&#x00AF;1&#x00AF;) LEDs have contributed to bridging &#x201C;green gap&#x201D; (low efficiency in green spectral region) by incorporating high indium compositions, reducing polarization effects, and suppressing defects. Other properties, such as low thermal droop, narrow spectral linewidth, small wavelength shift, and polarized emission, have also been reported for nonpolar and semipolar LEDs. In this paper we review the theoretical background, device performance, material properties, and physical mechanisms for nonpolar and semipolar III-nitride semiconductors and associated blue and green LEDs. The latest progress on topics including efficiency droop, thermal droop, green-gap, and three-dimensional nanostructures is detailed. Future challenges, potential solutions, and applications will also be covered.
Determination of Native Mixed Venous Saturation During Venovenous Extracorporeal Circulation (1995)

The ability to monitor the match between systemic oxygen delivery and consumption using mixed venous oxygen saturation is an important component of management of critically ill patients. Mixed venous oxygen saturation is a particularly useful parameter in circumstances where systemic oxygen delivery is significantly compromised, such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome. With the advent of venovenous extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in the treatment of this condition, however, accurate measurement of true mixed venous oxygen saturation has not been available, because of this artificial elevation of venous oxygen content. Using an algebraic solution, the authors developed an equation to calculate true patient mixed venous oxygen saturation during ECLS. This is accomplished using readily obtainable data such as cardiac output, ECLS flow, ECLS circuit pre and post oxygenator blood oxygen content, pulmonary arterial oxygen saturation, and patient hemoglobin. The formula has been used in anin vitromodel, simulating venovenous ECLS and native venous saturation ranging from 20-72%, with a resulting correlation coefficient between calculated and measured saturation of 0.983 and a y intercept of 0.7. Using this new mathematical model, previously unobtainable information about the match of oxygen delivery and consumption in venovenous ECLS is now available. This information will facilitate optimal management of oxygen kinetics in patients during venovenous extracorporeal support.ASAIO Journal1995;41:838-841.