gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peptide-coated semiconductor nanocrystals for biomedical applications (2005)

We have developed a new functionalization approach for semiconductor nanocrystals based on a single-step exchange of surface ligands with custom-designed peptides. This peptide-coating technique yield small, monodisperse and very stable water-soluble NCs that remain bright and photostable. We have used this approach on several types of core and core-shell NCs in the visible and near-infrared spectrum range and used fluorescence correlation spectroscopy for rapid assessment of the colloidal and photophysical properties of the resulting particles. This peptide coating strategy has several advantages: it yields probes that are immediately biocompatible; it is amenable to improvements of the different properties (solubilization, functionalization, etc) via rational design, parallel synthesis, or molecular evolution; it permits the combination of several functions on individual NCs. These functionalized NCs have been used for diverse biomedical applications. Two are discussed here: single-particle tracking of membrane receptor in live cells and combined fluorescence and PET imaging of targeted delivery in live animals.
900MHz to 1.2GHz Two-Phase Resonant Clock Network with Programmable Driver and Loading (2006)

A resonant clock network with programmable driver and loading is designed in a 0.13mum CMOS technology. The 2mm times 2mm distribution network has on-chip inductors and performs a forced oscillation at the rate of a reference clock programmable in the 900MHz to 1.2GHz range. Clock amplitude and energy efficiency trade-offs at and off resonance are explored with various driver configurations. Energy efficiency per cycle is 1.39 to 1.56 times greater than previous resonant distribution networks
Investigation of the Use of Cucumis sativus for Remediation of Chromium from Contaminated Environmental Matrices. An Interdisciplinary Instrumental Analysis Project (2009)

An interdisciplinary, semester-long project is presented in which students grow Cucumis sativus (cucumber) plants from seeds and study the ability of the plants to remediate a heavy metal from contaminated soil or water or both. Phytoremediation strategies for environmental cleanup are presented as possible alternatives to chemical based clean-up methods. The project is presented to the students as a general topic, and the students or instructor can choose which experimental variables to study. The results of the projects presented here focused on the remediation of Cr(III) from aqueous media and Cr(II), Cr(III), and Cr(VI) from contaminated soil. This project introduces students to the concepts of phytoremediation, the use of atomic absorption spectroscopy for the analysis of metals ions, and research methodology.
Potential and pitfalls of therapy with alpha-particles. (2005)

Because of the short path length in tissues (<100 μm) and the high linear energy transfer (∼100 keV/μm), α-particle therapy offers the potential for specific tumor cell killing with a low level of damage to surrounding tissues ([1][1]). Clinical applications for which this approach is favorable
Polymerization in inverse microemulsions, 3. Copolymerization of water‐ and oil‐soluble monomers initiated by radical initiators (1991)

Abstract The copolymerization of acrylamide with methyl methacrylate or styrene in inverse microemulsion initiated by radical initiators with different solubility in water was studied in the initial stages of the reaction. It was found that the initial rate of copolymerization depends on the mole fraction of acrylamide in the comonomer mixture and is independent of the solubility of the radical initiator in water.
Dual-Function Materials for CO2 Capture and Conversion: A Review (2020)

Anthropogenic emissions of CO2 from industrial processes are considered the major cause of global warming and ocean acidification. To this end, different abatement strategies have been sought to capture CO2 directly from various effluent sources. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) has been touted to solve this problem; however, due to the challenges associated with this approach, research efforts have been focused on the development of dual-function materials (DFMs) that can effectively capture and convert CO2 to value-added products. In this review, we first describe existent CO2 capture processes, followed by relevant CO2 adsorbents. Then, we focus on the development of DFMs for CO2 capture and conversion through various reaction pathways, such as methanation, reverse water-gas shift, and dry reforming. We also elaborate on the challenges associated with these systems with emphasis on the stability and regenerability of the materials. Finally, some future perspectives and possible areas of study are highlighted.
Splenic TFH expansion participates in B-cell differentiation and antiplatelet-antibody production during immune thrombocytopenia (2014)

Antiplatelet-antibody-producing B cells play a key role in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) pathogenesis; however, little is known about T-cell dysregulations that support B-cell differentiation. During the past decade, T follicular helper cells (TFHs) have been characterized as the main T-cell subset within secondary lymphoid organs that promotes B-cell differentiation leading to antibody class-switch recombination and secretion. Herein, we characterized TFHs within the spleen of 8 controls and 13 ITP patients. We show that human splenic TFHs are the main producers of interleukin (IL)-21, express CD40 ligand (CD154), and are located within the germinal center of secondary follicles. Compared with controls, splenic TFH frequency is higher in ITP patients and correlates with germinal center and plasma cell percentages that are also increased. In vitro, IL-21 stimulation combined with an anti-CD40 agonist antibody led to the differentiation of splenic B cells into plasma cells and to the secretion of antiplatelet antibodies in ITP patients. Overall, these results point out the involvement of TFH in ITP pathophysiology and the potential interest of IL-21 and CD40 as therapeutic targets in ITP.
Adaptively controlled explicit simulation (1994)

Adaptively Controlled Explicit Simulation (ACES) is a timing simulation methodology for the verification of the transient behavior of integrated circuits. A new adaptively controlled explicit integration approximation is used that overcomes stability problems encountered in earlier explicit techniques. Circuit partitioning is employed, which allows event driven simulation and exploitation of circuit latency. Piecewise linear models are used for nonlinear devices, allowing efficient simulation of MOS, bipolar, and BiMOS circuits. Simulation accuracy in ACES can be varied by controlling the accuracy of either the integration approximation or the piecewise linear device models. With the combination of generality, exploitation of circuit latency, and ability to vary accuracy effectively, ACES provides an efficient environment for transient simulation of integrated circuits and systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
N1-substituted benzamidines: synthesis, antiproteinase activity and inhibition of tumor cell growth. (1991)

We have synthesized N1-substituted benzamidines and poly-benzamidines with the aim to produce antitumor drugs retaining differential biological properties with respect to unsubstituted compounds. Antiproliferative activity on in vitro cultured human leukemic cells was exhibited by N1-substituted poly-benzamidines, while N1-substituted benzamidines were found to retain very low antitumor effects. Furthermore, our results suggest that N1-substituted benzamidines and some of poly-benzamidines exhibit low activity on trypsin and kallikrein. Taken together these data indicate that some N1-substituted poly-benzamidines could be of interest for experimental antitumor therapy, since are likely to retain low side effects due to alteration of proteinase activity.
Changes in the characteristics of voluntary movements after long duration spaceflight (2018)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Differentiate the Antibody Responses of Animals Infected with Brucella Species from Those of Animals Infected with Yersinia enterocolitica O9 (2003)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using antigens extracted from Brucella abortus with n-lauroylsarcosine differentiated natural Brucella-infected animals from Brucella-vaccinated or Yersinia enterocolitica O9-infected animals. A field trial in Mongolia showed cattle, sheep, goat, reindeer, camel, and human sera without infection could be distinguished from Brucella-infected animals by conventional serological tests.
Transparent Electrodes Printed with Nanocrystal Inks for Flexible Smart Devices (2015)

Transparent electrodes (TEs) are crucial in a wide range of modern electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, traditional TEs cannot meet the requirements of smart devices under development in unique fields, such as electronic skins, wearable electronics, robotic skins, flexible and stretchable displays, and solar cells. Emerging TEs printed with nanocrystal (NC) inks are inexpensive and compatible with solution processes, and have huge potential in flexible, stretchable, and wearable devices. Every development in ink-based electrodes makes them more competitive for practical applications in various smart devices. Herein, we provide an overview of emergent ink-based electrodes, such as transparent conducting oxides, metal nanowires, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, and their application in solution-based flexible and stretchable devices.
LAPAROSCOPIC REPAIR OF HIATAL HERNIA IN A PATIENT WITH AN ORGANOAXIAL VOLVULUS OF THE STOMACH (2009)

胃軸捻転を有する食道裂孔ヘルニアに対して，腹腔鏡下にmeshを用いた整復根治した報告は少数であり以下に報告する．症例は79歳，女性．3-4年前から食道裂孔ヘルニアを指摘されていたが，無症状であった．2008年1月に腹痛を主訴に前医入院，上部消化管造影検査で食道裂孔ヘルニアおよび胃軸捻転，全胃，横行結腸嵌頓を診断された．保存的治療では疼痛症状に改善なく，寝たきり状態となり，腹腔鏡手術を目的に当院に転院となった．術中所見では巨大食道裂孔ヘルニアを確認，胃は噴門と幽門とを結ぶ軸（臓器軸性）で捻転し，全胃および，横行結腸が縦隔内に嵌入していた．嵌入していた胃，横行結腸は容易に整復された．食道裂孔はpolytetrafluoroethylene meshを用いて修復，Toupet法に準じて胃噴門形成を行った．術後の上部消化管造影検査では，腹腔内に胃を確認，造影剤の通過は良好で，逆流は認めなかった．食事摂取良好で病状安定し，前医に転院された．術後1年が経過した現在，再発は認めていない．
Reversal of muscle insulin resistance with exercise reduces postprandial hepatic de novo lipogenesis in insulin resistant individuals (2011)

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance has been implicated in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherogenic dyslipidemia associated with the metabolic syndrome by altering the distribution pattern of postprandial energy storage. We conducted a study to examine this hypothesis by reversing muscle insulin resistance with a single bout of exercise and measuring hepatic de novo lipogenesis and hepatic triglyceride synthesis after a carbohydrate-rich meal. We studied 12 healthy, young, lean, insulin resistant individuals in an interventional, randomized cross-over trial. The response to the ingestion of a carbohydrate-rich meal was studied at rest and after one 45-min bout of exercise on an elliptical trainer. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis was assessed by using (2)H(2)O, and changes in glycogen and fat content in liver and muscle were measured by (13)C and (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. Exercise resulted in a greater than threefold increase in postprandial net muscle glycogen synthesis (P < 0.001), reflecting improved muscle insulin responsiveness, and a ≈40% reduction (P < 0.05) in net hepatic triglyceride synthesis. These changes in whole body energy storage were accompanied by a ≈30% decrease in hepatic de novo lipogenesis (P < 0.01) and were independent of changes in fasting or postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. These data demonstrate that skeletal muscle insulin resistance is an early therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of atherogenic dyslipidemia and NAFLD in young insulin resistant individuals who are prone to develop the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
<title>1- to 100-channel waveguide beam splitter and TE to TM polarization converter</title> (1994)

This paper describes a channel waveguide beam splitter (CWBS) in which a single laser beam can be split into many beams using glass stripe waveguides and localized surface relief gratings. The grating element situated on top of individual 90 degree(s) T-branches couples a fraction of the backbone light down a side channel and acts as a miniature mode converter. Single-mode TE light in the backbone is converted into single-mode TM light in the side channel. The laser wavelength used in these experiments was 830 nm. Each individual grating was only a few microns in length and so the grating acceptance exhibited a large bandwidth. The total excess loss coupling the input waveguide optical power partially into 100 waveguide branches was only 0.25 dB.
The design and implementation of session‐based IDS (2005)

Abstract One of the techniques for detecting malicious communications from network traffic is to use a network‐based intrusion detection system (IDS). However, since an existing IDS handles a low‐risk alert for which an attack failed and a high‐risk alert for which an attack succeeded in a similar manner, malicious communications cannot be detected properly unless a risk analysis is performed for each alert. This means that as the number of detection targets of the IDS increases, the cost of the risk analysis for every alert also increases proportionally. In other words, as the number of detection targets continues to increase, it becomes difficult to effectively deal with network incidents by using the IDS. In this paper, the authors focus on the fact that by continuously monitoring communications after an attack, the success or failure of the attack can be determined from the responses. They define these continuous communications as a session and design and implement a session‐based IDS that enables the risk to be evaluated immediately and automatically. They also evaluate the effectiveness of the session‐based IDS in an actual operating network. The results showed that this research lowered the operational cost of the IDS and enabled network incidents to be dealt with effectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(3): 46–58, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20251
New π‐stacked benzofulvene polymer showing thermoreversible polymerization: Studies in macromolecular and aggregate structures and polymerization mechanism (2005)

Abstract The macromolecular and aggregate structures of poly[ethyl 1‐methylene‐3‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐1 H ‐indene‐2‐carboxylate] (poly‐ BF1 ; a new polymer based on a functionalized benzofulvene moiety showing interesting properties, i.e., thermoreversible polymerization/depolymerization behavior, high solubility in the most common organic solvents, and susceptibility to molecular manipulation) have been investigated with NMR spectroscopy, absorption and emission spectrophotometry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, the polymerization mechanism has been studied to obtain further information on the polymer structure. The collected evidence is consistent in indicating for poly‐ BF1 a vinyl (1,2) polymer structure stabilized by means of aromatic stacking interactions. Furthermore, TEM studies performed on metal replicas have shown that the polymer is liable to give nanostructured aggregates. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3289–3304, 2005
Neuregulin-1 Potentiates Agrin-Induced Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering via Muscle Specific Kinase Phosphorylation (2012)

At neuromuscular synapses, neural agrin (n-agrin) stabilizes embryonic postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters by signalling through the muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) complex. Live imaging of cultured myotubes showed that the formation and disassembly of primitive AChR clusters is a dynamic and reversible process favoured by n-agrin, and possibly other synaptic signals. Neuregulin-1 is a growth factor that can act through muscle ErbB receptor kinases to enhance synaptic gene transcription. Recent studies suggest that neuregulin-1-ErbB signalling can modulate n-agrin-induced AChR clustering independently of its effects on transcription. Here we report that neuregulin-1 increased the size of developing AChR clusters when injected into muscles of embryonic mice. We investigated this phenomenon using cultured myotubes, and found that in the ongoing presence of n-agrin, neuregulin-1 potentiates AChR clustering by increasing the tyrosine phosphorylation of MuSK. This potentiation could be blocked by inhibiting Shp2, a postsynaptic tyrosine phosphatase known to modulate the activity of MuSK. Our results provide new evidence that neuregulin-1 modulates the signaling activity of MuSK and hence might function as a second-order regulator of postsynaptic AChR clustering at the neuromuscular synapse. Thus two classic synaptic signalling systems (neuregulin-1 and n-agrin) converge upon MuSK to regulate postsynaptic differentiation.
Extending linear designs to nonlinear systems via adaptive architectures (2004)

This paper addresses observer/controller design problems for nonlinear systems from the perspective of augmenting linear designs. In both problems, an adaptive element is added to the nominal design to provide a correction that accounts for modeling errors. The error signal for adaptive laws is generated through a linear observer of the nominal system's error dynamics. Ultimate boundedness can be shown through Lyapunov's direct method.
Factors Influencing Dimensional Stability of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liners (2013)

This investigation was conducted to determine the variations in the dimensions of multi-component geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs). Two GCLs were tested: a sample with a relatively smooth geofilm, and a sample with a textured geofilm. Discrete effects of cyclic wetting-drying, initial moisture content, overburden pressure, temperature, and underlying subgrade soil were determined. Coupled effects of underlying subgrade soil and climatic conditions were evaluated in an outdoor simulated field environment. Cyclic wetting and drying resulted in net shrinkage of GCLs, with shrinkage strains of 11 % and 4 % in the machine and cross-machine directions, respectively. Specimens with high initial moisture contents (75 % to 125 %) underwent more shrinkage in the early wet-dry cycles than those with low initial moisture (22 % to 50 %), however, the initial moisture had no significant effect on the ultimate shrinkage. In the machine direction, strains exceeded values that would cause panel separation in the field within the first two cycles, whereas at least seven cycles were required for panel separation strains in the cross-machine direction. Temperature effects alone did not result in significant shrinkage. Specimens placed on soil subgrades without wetting or drying underwent moisture changes however experienced less shrinkage than those subjected to wet-dry cycling. The GCLs underwent significant diurnal temperature variations (up to 55°C) outdoors. However, the shrinkage of these specimens was similar to that observed in the subgrade tests. The specimens with higher initial moisture contents underwent more dimensional change than the specimens at lower moistures. The type of geosynthetic in contact with the underlying soil influenced GCL–soil systems. Woven geotextile sides on soil subgrades resulted in high moisture transfer and shrinkage.
Serologic Evidence of Coxsackievirus Etiology of Congenital Heart Disease (1967)

The incidence of certain virus infections in pregnant women was determined serologically in an effort to demonstrate their possible association with congenital anomalies. Significantly more mothers of infants with congenital heart disease were shown to have experienced infection with coxsackieviruses than did matched control women. Coxsackievirus B types 3 and 4 were most frequently associated with malformed infants. Most infections were shown to have occurred during the first trimester of pregnancy. Patient diaries of illness kept by women during pregnancy revealed that half of the infections were completely subclinical. No difference in incidence of infection with other viruses between the anomaly and control groups could be demonstrated.
Microcharacterization of spectral memory materials using nuclear forward scattering (2007)

In the past europium doped materials have been tailored in our group, which could exhibit the highest spectral storage densities known to date. In these materials, europium exists in both doubly and triply ionized states. Therefore, it is necessary to control the relative concentration of Eu<sup>2+</sup> and Eu<sup>3+</sup>. Due to accidental overlap of Eu<sup>2+</sup> and Eu<sup>3+</sup> optical transitions in this medium optical spectroscopy cannot be used to determine their relative concentration. For highly enriched europium samples, such a ratio can be determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy. However, at very low concentrations of the order of 0.01% of Eu in MgS that are necessary for these materials, conventional Mössbauer spectroscopy requires prohibitively long data acquisition times. In this article, we present and compare the ways of solving this problem with conventional and the time domain Mössbauer spectroscopy using Nuclear Forward Scattering. The synchrotron of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory has been used as the source of high intensity, coherent and monochromatic gamma rays in NFS experiments. It is shown that in time domain Mössbauer spectroscopy the data acquisition times can be reduced by two orders of magnitude or more. This is of paramount importance for Mössbauer spectroscopy of very small samples or the samples with very low concentrations of the active isotope.
Random Number Generators (2003)

The quasi-negative-binomial distribution was applied to queuing theory for determining the distribution of total number of customers served before the queue vanishes under certain assumptions. Some structural properties (probability generating function, convolution, mode and recurrence relation) for the moments of quasi-negative-binomial distribution are discussed. The distribution’s characterization and its relation with other distributions were investigated. A computer program was developed using R to obtain ML estimates and the distribution was fitted to some observed sets of data to test its goodness of fit.