gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rates of convergence for robust geometric inference (2016)

Distances to compact sets are widely used in the field of Topological Data Analysis for inferring geometric and topological features from point clouds. In this context, the distance to a probability measure (DTM) has been introduced by Chazal et al., 2011b as a robust alternative to the distance a compact set. In practice, the DTM can be estimated by its empirical counterpart, that is the distance to the empirical measure (DTEM). In this paper we give a tight control of the deviation of the DTEM. Our analysis relies on a local analysis of empirical processes. In particular, we show that the rate of convergence of the DTEM directly depends on the regularity at zero of a particular quantile function which contains some local information about the geometry of the support. This quantile function is the relevant quantity to describe precisely how difficult is a geometric inference problem. Several numerical experiments illustrate the convergence of the DTEM and also confirm that our bounds are tight.
Operation Principle of Resonant TunnelingTHz Oscillator at Fixed Bias Voltages (2001)

Based on time‐dependent numerical simulation of an double barrier quantum well structure, a time‐dependent energy coupling model is presented to account for the operational principle of a new kind of resonant tunneling THz oscillators.
Dislocations Stabilized by Point Defects Increase Brittleness in PbTe (2021)

Abstract Dislocations and the residual strain they produce are instrumental for the high thermoelectric figure of merit, zT ≈ 2, in lead chalcogenides. However, these materials tend to be brittle, barring them from practical green energy and deep space applications. Nonetheless, the bulk of thermoelectrics research focuses on increasing zT without considering mechanical performance. Optimized thermoelectric materials always involve high point defect concentrations for doping and solid solution alloying. Brittle materials show limited plasticity (dislocation motion), yet clear links between crystallographic defects and embrittlement are hitherto unestablished in PbTe. This study identifies connections between dislocations, point defects, and the brittleness (correlated with Vickers hardness) in single crystal and polycrystalline PbTe with various n‐ and p‐type dopants. Speed of sound measurements show a lack of electronic bond stiffening in p‐type PbTe, contrary to the previous speculation. Instead, varied routes of point defect–dislocation interaction restrict dislocation motion and drive embrittlement: dopants with low doping efficiency cause high defect concentrations, interstitial n‐type dopants (Ag and Cu) create highly strained obstacles to dislocation motion, and highly mobile dopants can distribute inhomogeneously or segregate to dislocations. These results illustrate the consequences of excessive defect engineering and the necessity to consider both mechanical and thermoelectric performance when researching thermoelectric materials for practical applications.
Extrudate Cell Structure‐Texture Relationships (1992)

ABSTRACT Corn‐based extrudates that ranged widely in mean cell size and density were produced by varying extrusion moisture and RPM and also by the addition of rice flour, citric acid, tricalcium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, and gluten. Cell sizes were measured using an Olympus image analysis system and mechanical properties, including breaking stress and plateau stress values achieved during compression, were measured using an Instron. Breaking and plateau stresses were negatively dependent on mean cell size and positively dependent on density in pure corn samples but the form of the relationship was altered by the presence of additives in the extrudates.
The Helium Cooling System and Cold Mass Support System for the MICE Coupling Solenoid (2008)

The MICE cooling channel consists of alternating three absorber focus coil module (AFC) and two RF coupling coil module (RFCC) where the process of muon cooling and reacceleration occurs. The RFCC module comprises a superconducting coupling solenoid mounted around four conventional conducting 201.25 MHz closed RF cavities and producing up to 2.2 T magnetic field on the centerline. The coupling coil magnetic field is to produce a low muon beam beta function in order to keep the beam within the RF cavities. The magnet is to be built using commercial niobium titanium MRI conductors and cooled by pulse tube coolers that produce 1.5 W of cooling capacity at 4.2 K each. A self-centering support system is applied for the coupling magnet cold mass support, which is designed to carry a longitudinal force up to 500 kN. This report will describe the updated design for the MICE coupling magnet. The cold mass support system and helium cooling system are discussed in detail.
Transgenic Manipulation to Prevent Hyperacute Rejection of Xenografts: Triple Transgenic Mice and Pigs. Additive Effects of Complement Regulators and Suppression/Elimination of the ??-Gal Epitope. (1998)

79 Organs from transgenic mice and pigs expressing human complement regulators CD55 and CD59 are significantly protected from complement mediated injury and hyperacute rejection (HAR) in various xenotransplant models. Similarly, suppression of the α-Gal epitope by transgenic expression of human H-transferase (α1,2 fucosyltransferase) or its elimination by inactivation of the α1,3 galactosyltransferase gene (Gal KO) in mice protects hearts against damage by human plasma in an ex vivo Langendorff perfusion model. This study examines whether a combination of these two general approaches would have additive beneficial effects in the ex vivo perfusion model and based on the results to generate triple transgenic pigs. Transgenic mice and pigs expressing H-transferase, CD55 and CD59 in various combinations were generated by co-injection of constructs. Gal KO mice were generated by gene targeting. Mouse hearts were perfused with 40% human plasma on a Langendorff type apparatus and work was measured as the product of the force of contraction and heart rate. Hearts from non-transgenic control mice ceased to function within 15 minutes of commencing perfusion. CD55-CD59 double transgenic hearts were still functioning after perfusion for 1 hour but at approximately 10% of the initial work capacity. Addition of the H-transferase transgene or Gal KO to the CD55-CD59 background more than doubled the work capacity after perfusion for 1 hour (p<0.05 at 25 mins and all points beyond). Immunohistology of perfused hearts showed substantial reduction of IgM, C3 and C9 deposition compared to control. Consequently, transgenic pigs were generated by triple co-injection of H-transferase, CD55 and CD59 containing constructs. Founder pigs were obtained with various combinations of transgenes expressed on blood leucocytes at 0.2 - 4 × the level on human leucocytes. The results obtained in transgenic mice suggest that expression of both CD55 and CD59 together with a method of suppressing α-Gal may be optimal to prevent HAR; lines of transgenic pigs with these characteristics have been generated and are now being bred.
PEPTIDE BOND SYNTHESIS IN NORMAL AND MALIGNANT TISSUE (1950)

A general characteristic of malignant tissue is its capacity for sustained growth at a rate in excess of that of the tissue from which it originated. The word growth is, of course, a comprehensive term for the integrated result of many separate processes. Since protein synthesis is an indispensable part of the growth process, it may be stated as a general postulate that neoplastic tissue must have an increased net protein synthesis as compared with its normal counterpart. There is at the present time a very incomplete description of the nature of factors which regulate the protein metabolism of multicellular animals. It is a source of wonderment that the synthetic and degradative mechanisms are so carefully balanced in the adult animal that essentially no net change in protein mass occurs in the normal course of events.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism as an attractive target for drug discovery (2007)

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) has crucial roles in many cellular processes, both as a coenzyme for redox reactions and as a substrate to donate ADP-ribose units. Enzymes involved in NAD(+) metabolism are attractive targets for drug discovery against a variety of human diseases, including cancer, multiple sclerosis, neurodegeneration and Huntington's disease. A small-molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, an enzyme in the salvage pathway of NAD(+) biosynthesis, is presently in clinical trials against cancer. An analog of a kynurenine pathway intermediate is efficacious against multiple sclerosis in an animal model. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase plays an important role in immune evasion by cancer cells and other disease processes. Inhibitors against kynurenine 3-hydroxylase can reduce the production of neurotoxic metabolites while increasing the production of neuroprotective compounds. This review summarizes the existing knowledge on NAD(+) metabolic enzymes, with emphasis on their relevance for drug discovery.
Optically powered optoelectric switch with polarization routing (1991)

The authors demonstrate a novel, optically powered, optoelectronic switch with polarization routing of data. The bandwidth of the system is 140 Mb/s. Electrical crosstalk between channels was measured to be 30 dB lower in an optically powered as compared to a similar, electrically powered circuit with capacitive interstage decoupling. Optical crosstalk between the two switch channels was measured to be -30 dB. Extension of the experiment to a monolithically integrated circuit is discussed. Switch packing densities of greater than 100 cm/sup -2/ are shown to be easily achievable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Simple Hydroponic Growing Kit for Short-Term Vegetables (2002)

Leafy and semi-head lettuce and other short-term crops can be grown with a simple, inexpensive hydroponic kit that does not require electricity or a pump.
Attribute-Driven Design of Incremental Learning Component of a Ubiquitous Multimodal Multimedia Computing System (2006)

System design using attribute-driven design (ADD) means that system requirements, including functional and quality requirements and constraints, are considered as drivers in the design process that yields the system's conceptual software architecture. The output architecture satisfies not only that the functional requirements but also the important qualities the system must possess. In ADD, the secondary qualities are satisfied within the constraints of achieving the most important ones. In this paper, we detail the design of our system's machine learning (ML) component using ADD. Tactics and primitives to achieve system qualities (i.e. performance, security, availability, modifiability, and usability) are essayed in this paper. The ML component of our system is responsible for (1) determining the appropriate media and modalities based on user context, (2) finding the replacement to a failed/missing device or modality, and (3) providing the context suitability of newly-added media or modality. The ML component's knowledge acquisition is incremental; it keeps its previously-earned knowledge in its knowledge database (KD) and appends newly-acquired ones onto it. The ML component makes the system intelligent, adaptive and fault-tolerant. This work on ML-based media and modality selection is our original contribution to the domain of intelligent pervasive human-machine interface
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB–Induced Human Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Depends on Basic FGF Release and FGFR-1 Activation (2004)

We have shown that the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists, thrombin and Factor Xa, stimulate smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation through transactivation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) or the FGF receptor (FGFR), both of which are tyrosine kinase receptors. In the present study, we investigated whether platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a tyrosine kinase receptor agonist, might transactivate another tyrosine kinase receptor to induce SMC proliferation. Because heparin inhibits PDGF-mediated proliferation in human SMCs, we investigated whether the heparin-binding growth factor basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and one of its receptors, FGFR-1, play a role in the response of human arterial SMCs to PDGF-BB. PDGF-BB induced the release of bFGF and sustained phosphorylation of FGFR-1 (30 minutes to 6 hours). A bFGF-neutralizing antibody inhibited PDGF-BB-mediated phosphorylation of FGFR-1, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. In the presence of bFGF antibody, PDGF-BB-induced early activation of ERK (0 to 60 minutes) was not affected, whereas late ERK activation (2 to 4 hours) was reduced. When FGFR-1 expression was suppressed using small interfering RNA (siRNA), ERK activation was reduced at late, but not early, time points after PDGF-BB stimulation. Addition of bFGF antibody to cells treated with siRNA to FGFR-1 had no further effect on ERK activation. Our results provide support for a novel mechanism by which PDGF-BB induces the release of bFGF and activation of FGFR-1 followed by the sustained activation of ERK and proliferation of human SMCs.
Ultrasonic Measurements of Inhomogenous Stress Fields (1979)

An acoustic technique for measuring inhomogeneous stress fields in externally loaded solids is described. This method requires a measurement of transit time of a longitudinal acoustic wave through a stressed thin metal specimen using a small diameter water-coupled acoustic transducer. The transducer is mechanically scanned over the surface of the sample by a computer controlled system to take stress field contour plots. Samples investigated include an aluminum plate with a centrol hole, a double edge-notched panel and a single edge-notched panel. In addition to measuring stress fields, the nondestructive determination of stress intensity factors is also discussed.
Specific Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes are expressed in response to DNA-damaging agents. (1985)

When exposed to DNA-damaging agents, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces the expression of at least six specific genes. We have previously identified one damage inducible (DIN) gene as a gene fusion (din-lacZ fusion) whose expression increases in response to DNA-damaging treatments. We describe here the identification of five additional DIN genes as din-lacZ fusions and the responses of all six DIN genes to DNA-damaging agents. Northern blot analyses of the transcripts of two of the DIN genes show that their levels increase after exposure to DNA-damaging agents. Five of the din-lacZ fusions are induced in S. cerevisiae cells exposed to UV light, gamma rays, methotrexate, or alkylating agents. One of the din-lacZ fusions is induced by either UV or methotrexate but not by the other agents. This finding suggests that there are sets of DIN genes that are regulated differently.
Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2/2017 (2017)

Front Cover: A new approach to prepare free-standing biodegradable nanopillar arrays on flexible substrates is developed by using plasma etching with block copolymer micelles encapsulating Au nanoparticles as an etching mask. This method can offer a feasible route to create vertically-aligned nanostructures of various materials with dimensional controllability. This is reported by Gyeong Won Lee, Seunghyun Lee, Jang Hwan Kim, Sang-Gu Yim, Jooyeon Ryu, Eunji Lee, Jaebeom Lee, Seong Il Yoo, and Seung Yun Yang in article number 1600361.
Le DNESP design sonore : une articulation entre création / sciences / pédagogie (2018)

International audience
Effect of BJT&#x2019;s parasitics on computing cells for analog decoders (2008)

This paper analyzes the effect of inherent bipolar transistor parasitic elements on the computing nodes performance used in BJT analog decoders. It is shown that these undesirable effects significantly degrade, up to 85%, the conversion of Log-Likelihood Ratios into probabilities. This can lead to a wrong decoding outcome when complex computing nodes are designed. Simulation results are shown for a 0.25-mum BiCMOS process from NXP.
Sintering of PZT Ceramics: I, Atmosphere Control (1983)

Methods of PbO atmosphere control during the sintering of PZT ceramics are briefly reviewed. The problem of atmosphere control of PZT compositions containing a PbO excess (PbO/(Zr,Ti)O 2 &gt;1) is discussed. Weight‐loss experiments were performed to compare with behavior predicted by reference to the PbO‐rich part of the ternary PbO‐ZrO 2 ‐TiO 2 phase diagram. The results indicated that the PbO activity of a PZT composition is a function of the excess PbO content, contrary to earlier reports. Experimental procedures were established in order to control the PbO content within satisfactory limits. The effects of various packing powders on the PbO content of sintered PZT compacts were evaluated.
Changes and Relationships of Climatic and Hydrological Droughts in the Jialing River Basin, China (2015)

The comprehensive assessment of climatic and hydrological droughts in terms of their temporal and spatial evolutions is very important for water resources management and social development in the basin scale. To study the spatial and temporal changes of climatic and hydrological droughts and the relationships between them, the SPEI and SDI are adopted to assess the changes and the correlations of climatic and hydrological droughts by selecting the Jialing River basin, China as the research area. The SPEI and SDI at different time scales are assessed both at the entire Jialing River basin and at the regional levels of the three sub basins. The results show that the SPEI and SDI are very suitable for assessing the changes and relationships of climatic and hydrological droughts in large basins. Based on the assessment, for the Jialing River basin, climatic and hydrological droughts have the increasing tendency during recent several decades, and the increasing trend of climatic droughts is significant or extremely significant in the western and northern basin, while hydrological drought has a less significant increasing trend. Additionally, climatic and hydrological droughts tend to increase in the next few years. The results also show that on short time scales, climatic droughts have one or two months lag impact on hydrological droughts in the north-west area of the basin, and have one month lag impact in south-east area of the basin. The assessment of climatic and hydrological droughts based on the SPEI and SDI could be very useful for water resources management and climate change adaptation at large basin scale.
Energy Efficiency, Materials and Resources (EMR): Energy-Efficient Processes -Multiphases and thermal processes- (2019)

Besides the activities on development of technologies and systems for the plasma heating in the FUSION Program, IHM is also in charge of research and development in the topic Energy Efficient Processes, part of the EMR Program. An important part of this research is the dielectric characterization of the processed materials in the parameter range relevant to processes under development. Therefore existing test-sets are continuously improved and new test-sets are developed following the new requirements regarding materials compositions or process parameter range. Meanwhile a very versatile test lab for dielectric characterization exists. This allows temperature dependent dielectric measurements in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 30 GHz for low as well as high loss materials and from room temperature up to 1000°C for solids, liquids and at pressures up to 20 bar. All this expertise and the existing industrial scale high power microwave infrastructure faces growing interest from industry and research. As a consequence the research group is involved in several national and international joint research projects with objectives in various fields of applications. The H2020 project SYMBIOBTIMA requests the design of an industrial prototype reactor for the microwave assisted depolymerization of PET plastic waste for the purpose of energy efficient recycling. In the frame of the H2020 Marie Curie international training network TOMOCON that started end of 2017 a microwave tomographic sensor will be developed. Within the German-Korean project REINFORCE the potential of microwave dielectric heating as well as microwave sustained plasma heating will be investigated with respect to energy efficient carbon fiber production. Solid state microwave amplifiers getting more and more competitive compared to magnetron sources with respect to power and costs. Furthermore such amplifiers allow precise control not only of power level but also of frequency and phase and promise significant longer lifetime than magnetrons. Those features might be door openers for novel application that could not be satisfied with magnetron sources. Therefore national funded collaboration projects have been started with HBH microwave GmbH recently to develop affordable high power solid state generators that meet the requirements for novel process control concepts. Furthermore those novel microwave sources might be useful for microwave sustained plasma generators for plasma activation of CO2 in the frame of research activities like Power to X. Therefore recently a novel lab for plasma chemistry using atmospheric microwave plasma has been established. The status of major projects is briefly introduced in the following chapters.
Four generations of epilepsy caused by an inherited microdeletion of the SCN1A gene (2010)

We report an inherited SCN1A gene deletion not exclusively associated with Dravet syndrome. Moreover, our results demonstrate that SCN1A haploinsufficiency can cause a significant intrafamilial clinical variability including moderately affected to syndromal patients. The involvement of multiple genetic and environmental factors could be the basis of this difference in phenotype severity.
Intraocular lens power calculation and optimized constants for highly myopic eyes (2009)

Results indicate that the SRK II formula cannot be recommended for IOL power calculation in highly myopic patients. With optimized constants, the SRK/T, Haigis, Hoffer Q, and Holladay 1 formulas produced small deviation of postoperative refraction from target refraction.
Ontogenic Redistribution of Type 2 Deiodinase Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Brain of Chicken (2004)

Thyroid hormone is essential for brain development. T(4) has to be converted to T(3) for efficient binding to thyroid hormone receptors. Type 2 deiodinase (D2) is the key enzyme that allows T(3) generation in the brain. To elucidate the onset and localization of T(3) production in the brain, we studied the changes of D2 activity, mRNA content, and the distribution of D2 mRNA in the brain of chicken embryos before and after the onset of thyroid function. D2 activity was detectable in the brain at all stages studied from embryonic day (E)7 to E15 and increased significantly with time. The wild-type chicken D2 transcript was detectable at all those stages by RT-PCR. The amount of D2 mRNA in the brain increased approximately 14-fold from E10 to E17 as assessed by Northern blot. Week D2 hybridization signal could be detected by in situ hybridization at E8 in cell clusters throughout the brain, and its intensity markedly increased to E15. Interestingly, no D2 expression was detected in hypothalamic tanycytes at these embryonic stages. However, D2 hybridization signal was observed in the wall of the third ventricle of adult chicken posterior to the rostral pole of the median eminence in the location typical for tanycytes, whereas D2 signal in other localizations was decreased throughout the brain. Our data suggest that D2 contributes to T(3) content of the developing chicken brain even before the onset of thyroid function. Furthermore, redistribution of D2 mRNA expression was observed during the development of the chicken brain.