gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient Radicular Irritation (1997)

To the Editor: Much attention has been paid to the newly recognized transient radicular irritation (TRI) syndrome after spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric 5% lidocaine [1]. Hampl et al. [2] now report a similar incidence after the use of 2% lidocaine, after tetracaine spinal anesthesia with phenylephrine [3], and with the lithotomy position [4]. The diagnosis of TRI [2] was made when patients complained of pain "in the legs or buttocks after recovery from anesthesia." Although a neurologic consultant was used to "exclude other etiologies …," the diagnostic criteria used to attribute this pain to radicular irritation are not described. The high incidence of TRI reported (30%-40%) is not consistent with our clinical experience. The authors report unexpectedly high rates of paresthesias in their treatment groups of 24% and 12%, with multiple attempts associated with only 16% and 8%, respectively. Injection without repositioning after elicitation of paresthesia may give rise to neurologic consequence. While the label TRI implies a neurotoxic mechanism, other factors should be considered. In our experience, pain in the buttock and lower extremities after spinal anesthesia for knee arthroscopy and procedures in lithotomy typically follows nonradicular patterns consistent with posterior spinal segment and myofascial dysfunction. Further diagnostic definition is needed before a term such as TRI can be used meaningfully. Craig T. Hartrick, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine; William Beaumont Hospital; Royal Oak, MI 48073
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Bicyclic Tertiary Alcohols with Quaternary Stereocenters via Intramolecular Crossed Benzoin Reactions Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract B132: Risk factors for uncommon histologically defined subgroups of breast cancer using the Breast Cancer Family Registry (2010)

Abstract Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease; risk factors may differ for histologically-defined subgroups. Because most breast cancers are of ductal or lobular histology, previous studies have been limited in their ability to evaluate risk factors in rarer histologies, such as medullary, mucinous, and tubular, due to small sample sizes. We evaluated risk factors for histologically-defined breast cancer subgroups (ductal, lobular, tubular, medullary, or mucinous) using population-based data from the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Data were available for 3260 incident breast cancer cases (including 92 cases of medullary, 90 cases of mucinous, and 86 cases of tubular histology) and 2997 unrelated controls. Several reproductive factors were associated with the risk of mucinous breast cancer, whereas cigarette smoking and body mass index (BMI) were associated with the risk of medullary breast cancer. For the mucinous subtype, we observed positive associations with nulliparity (OR=2.54, 95%CI 1.17–5.50) and age at first birth (OR=1.08, 95%CI=1.02–1.14, for each additional year of age), and an inverse association with age at menarche (≥13 vs. ≤11) (OR=0.52, 95%CI 0.29–0.94). These reproductive factors were not associated with other histologic subtypes. Mucinous cases were less likely than controls to have used oral contraceptives (OC use ≤ 5 years: OR=0.50, 95%CI 0.28–0.92; OC use &amp;gt; 5 years, OR=0.45, 95%CI 0.24–0.84), and these findings did not differ by menopausal status. Oral contraceptive use was also inversely associated with tubular histology among premenopausal women only (OC use &amp;gt; 5 years, OR=0.35, 95%CI 0.14–0.87), but was not associated with other histologic subtypes when compared with controls. Medullary histology was inversely associated with smoking status (former smoker vs. never smoker, OR=0.30, 95%CI 0.14–0.62), and positively associated with BMI (OR=1.05, 95%CI 1.01–1.09, for each one-unit increase in BMI). Other known breast cancer risk factors, such as hormone-replacement therapy (HRT), breastfeeding history, and alcohol use, were not associated with the any of the rarer subtypes. Family history of breast cancer was associated with increased risk of all histologic subtypes. If replicated, these findings suggest different patterns for selected breast cancer risk factors, such as parity, oral contraceptive use, and smoking, by tumor histology. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B132.
Analysis and design of a traveling wave tube feedthrough (1989)

Results are presented of an investigation aimed at understanding the critical parameters that cause surface breakdown of a high-vacuum feedthrough insulator used in traveling-wave tubes (TWTs). Further impetus was the need to design a feedthrough with a higher hold-off voltage compared to existing designs so as to increase the reliability of TWT operation. Improvement in voltage hold-off was accomplished by fundamental electric field analysis and sound engineering practice. The electric stress enhancement at the insulator/flange interface was the source of flashover initiation. It was found that the hold-off voltage was greatly improved if the flange met the insulator at a right angle rather than an acute angle. The influence of various device operational parameters and physical constraints imposed by the geometry of the TWT were also investigated. A combination of spot welding and cathode termination leading to high stress enhancement led to the lowest breakdown voltages among the factors studied here. Practical means of ameliorating the premature insulator failure are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part III. Production of ochratoxin A in different varieties of wheat, rye and barley (1981)

Kernels of several varieties of wheat, rye and barley were found to have different resistance to fungi attack and ochratoxin A production, particularly in first step of fungus development on kernels. Zinc was stated to be a limiting factor of ochratoxin production. viable sound kernels were very resistant against fungi. Dead (e.g. autoclaved) kernels were attacked by fungus very quickly. Varieties with stronger resistance to fungi invasion during storage were selected.
Error in measuring radon in soil gas by means of passive detectors (1991)

Passive detection of radon isotopes depends on diffusion of radon atoms from the sites of their generation to the location of the detecting or collecting device. Because some radon decays en route to a passive detector in soil, the radon concentration measured by the detector must be less than the concentration in those soil pores where it is undiminished by diffusion to the detector cavity. The true radon concentration may be significantly underestimated in moist soils
Band-Widening of Ceramic Resonator Loaded NRD Guide Band-Pass Filter at 60 GHz (2001)

Although TE0nδ mode ceramic resonators are usually used at centimeter frequencies, they have a difficulty in making wide-band band-pass filters in the millimeter-wave region due to the weak coupling factors between TE0nδ mode resonators and input/output waveguides. In order to overcome such difficulty, a band-widening technique of the ceramic resonator loaded band-pass filter has been proposed. The EHnmδ modes were regarded as spurious modes so far, but it is clear that the coupling factors are larger than those of the Te0nδ modes from the results of experimental considerations in this paper. By using the : EH11δ mode ceramic resonators, 5-pole, 1dB chebyshev ripple NRD guide band-pass filter has been fabricated for the applications to broad-band millimeter-wave communication systems at 60GHz. The filter has great advantages such as the wide pass-band beyond 2GHz and low excess insertion loss less than 0.3dB.
Ultrafast photocathodes based on n-doped graphene emitters on compound semiconductor photoswitches (2015)

A photocathode based on n-doped graphene emitters in series to a GaAs photoswitch was fabricated and used for pulsed field electron emission. The n-doped graphene array emits at low turn-on fields (<; 3 V/μm). A fast photomodulation of the emission current with high on/off ratio ~200 was achieved with a semi-insulating (s.i.) GaAs photoswitch in a diode configuration. Different laser sources were used for these investigations.
Mixed-mode chromatography in pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical applications (2016)

Mixed-mode chromatography (MMC) is a fast growing area in recent years, thanks to the new generation of mixed-mode stationary phases and better understanding of multimode interactions. MMC has superior applications in the separation of compounds that are not retained or not well resolved by typical reversed-phase LC methods, especially for polar and charged molecules. Due to the multiple retention modes that a single MMC column can offer, often MMC provides additional dimension to a separation method by adjusting the mobile phase conditions. Mixed-mode media is also an effective way to clean up complex sample matrices for purification purposes or for sensitive detection of trace amounts of analytes. In this article, we discuss mixed-mode stationary phases and separation mechanisms and review recent advances in pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical applications including the analysis and/or purification of counterions, small molecule drugs, impurities, formulation excipients, peptides and proteins.
Deprotonation of Indole Derivatives in Aqueous Cationic Surfactants (2004)

Abstract Deprotonations of 5‐nitroindole, 1a , and its 2‐carboxylate ion, 2a , have been monitored in 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 M NaOH in micellar solutions of cetyl trialkylammonium bromide, alkyl = Me, Et, n Pr, n Bu, CTABr, CTEABr, CTPABr, CTBABr. Extents of deprotonation (% f ) have been fitted using the pseudophase model of micellar effects with interionic competition described by ion exchange or by independent association constants. Both treatments indicate that base dissociation constants in dilute OH − are lower than in water by factors of ca. 3−11, and decrease with increasing bulk of the head groups, and that these factors increase modestly as the OH − concentration increases to 0.5 M . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Positive selection and intragenic recombination contribute to high allelic diversity in effector genes of M ycosphaerella fijiensis , causal agent of the black leaf streak disease of banana (2013)

Previously, we have determined the nonhost-mediated recognition of the MfAvr4 and MfEcp2 effector proteins from the banana pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis in tomato, by the cognate Cf-4 and Cf-Ecp2 resistance proteins, respectively. These two resistance proteins could thus mediate resistance against M. fijiensis if genetically transformed into banana (Musa spp.). However, disease resistance controlled by single dominant genes can be overcome by mutated effector alleles, whose products are not recognized by the cognate resistance proteins. Here, we surveyed the allelic variation within the MfAvr4, MfEcp2, MfEcp2-2 and MfEcp2-3 effector genes of M. fijiensis in a global population of the pathogen, and assayed its impact on recognition by the tomato Cf-4 and Cf-Ecp2 resistance proteins, respectively. We identified a large number of polymorphisms that could reflect a co-evolutionary arms race between host and pathogen. The analysis of nucleotide substitution patterns suggests that both positive selection and intragenic recombination have shaped the evolution of M. fijiensis effectors. Clear differences in allelic diversity were observed between strains originating from South-East Asia relative to strains from other banana-producing continents, consistent with the hypothesis that M. fijiensis originated in the Asian-Pacific region. Furthermore, transient co-expression of the MfAvr4 effector alleles and the tomato Cf-4 resistance gene, as well as of MfEcp2, MfEcp2-2 and MfEcp2-3 and the putative Cf-Ecp2 resistance gene, indicated that effector alleles able to overcome these resistance genes are already present in natural populations of the pathogen, thus questioning the durability of resistance that can be provided by these genes in the field.
Time Scale Modification for 3G-Telephony Video (2006)

Streaming video to mobile devices like cellular phones is an important emerging application. However, mobile thin clients have limited capabilities and offer restricted interfaces to the end-user and the Telco infrastructure has significant technical barriers which limit the introduction of new protocols. This paper describes our design of an end-to-end interactive video service. We outline the technological and user-interaction challenges of providing one typical type of interactive controls-time-scale modification (TSM), when streaming compressed audio-video data within the Telco infrastructure in a way that maintains audio-video synchronization and respects the video frame and bit-rate contracts
The Duplication of Motion Picture Negatives (1926)

The making of a first class duplicate negative calls for greater skill and makes greater demands upon the materials than appears at first sight.
Design and manufacture of the US-ITER pre prototype joint sample (1997)

The US-ITER pre prototype joint sample which has been fabricated at the MIT Plasma Fusion Center is the first attempt to fabricate an optimized full size joint which can be stably operated in ITER required AC background fields at reduced coupling losses. This paper presents an overview of the joint's construction and fabrication, highlighting some of the procedural steps that have since been incorporated into fabrication of current terminations for the inner module ITER central solenoid (CS) model coil.
Corrosion of Alloy 600 by Cationic Resin Beads (1981)

Several instances of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in light water reactor coolants have been attributed to the incidental presence of ion exchange resin in the coolant. Tests performed in high temperature water slurries of cation exchange resins have shown preferential pitting and general attack of Alloy 600. Continuous ac impedance measurements were performed to monitor the corrosion during the test. The frequency dependence of the ac impedance allows separation of the resistance of the corroding interface from the resistance of the slurry. The results have been shown that attack commences at relatively low temperatures near 80°C, increases with increasing temperature up to 289°C, and slows with decomposition of the resin held at 289°C. Postmortem analysis showed hemispherical pitting under partially decomposed beads, surrounded by a scale enriched in chromium and sulfur.
Ultrahigh Speed Imaging with Swept Source Fourier Domain OCT (2010)

Swept source / Fourier domain OCT is a complementary technique to spectral / Fourier domain OCT which uses frequency swept lasers instead of a spectrometer and line scan camera. Swept source OCT enables imaging at 1050 nm wavelengths which improve sensitivity through ocular opacity as well as improve visualization of the choroid and optic nerve head. An ultrahigh speed, swept source prototype OCT system is demonstrated at axial scan rates of 200 kHz to 400 kHz (compared with 25 to 50 kHz for standard OCT instruments). The technology enables both wide field and high magnification OCT retinal imaging. 3D-OCT data sets of 6x6 mm of the retina, consisting of 700x700 axial scans can be acquired in <3 seconds. These data sets contain ∼500,000 axial scans, or ∼0.5 Gigavoxels of data, ∼10x more data than the standard Zeiss Cirrus cube. Large field of view OCT covering 12x12 mm, can be acquired with longer scan times. Using high magnifications and smaller fields of view, individual photoreceptors can be visualized. Images from dense volumetric data sets can be averaged to improve contrast and reduce noise. Longer wavelengths enable deeper penetration into the choroid and optic nerve head. The ultrahigh imaging speeds provided by swept source OCT enable new imaging protocols which can cover large retinal areas with standard resolutions, or small retinal areas with high resolution. These advantages suggest that swept source OCT will be an important technology for the next generation of ophthalmic OCT instruments.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterocyclic Dipeptide Analogues. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inhibition of MicroRNA-92a Protects Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in a Large-Animal Model (2013)

Regional LNA-92a delivery reduces miR-92a levels and infarct size and postischemic loss of function. LNA-92a exerts cell-protective, proangiogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. miR-92a inhibition might be a novel therapeutic tool to preserve cardiac function after ischemia.
Experimental characterization of media noise based on equalized, synchronized drive data (2001)

In this paper, we experimentally measure the nonstationary (non-Toeplitz) write noise correlation matrix and fit key portions of the matrix to a simple theoretical correlation matrix which consists of up to seven terms. The seven terms are associated with transition jitter, transition width and width-like variation, DC noise, residual read noise, timing loop jitter, and amplitude variation. We fit the model using equalized synchronized samples collected from a disk drive. Averaging techniques are used to isolate the write noise from the read noise and bias. Exhaustive searches are performed to find the best subset of parameters for each model order.
A Trigonal‐Bipyramidal Cyanide Cluster with Single‐Molecule‐Magnet Behavior: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of {[MnII(tmphen)2]3[MnIII(CN)6]2} (2003)

Langsame Relaxation des Paramagnetismus der Titelverbindung bei niedrigen Temperaturen in Wechselstrom-Suszeptibilitätsmessungen, belegt durch ein frequenzabhängiges phasenverschobenes Signal (χ, siehe Bild), demonstriert überzeugend, dass dieser Cluster ein seltenes Beispiel für einen Cyanid-verbrückten Einzelmolekülmagneten ist.
Effects of Ground Corn Particle Size on Ethanol Yield and Thin Stillage Soluble Solids (2007)

ABSTRACT The effects of ground corn particle size on ethanol yield and soluble solids in thin stillage was evaluated using a 2‐L laboratory dry‐grind procedure. The procedure was optimized for grinding, liquefaction, sacchari‐fication, and fermentation parameters. The optimized procedure was reproducible with a coefficient of variation of 3.6% in ethanol yield. Five particle size distributions of ground corn were obtained using a cross‐beater mill equipped with five screens (0.5, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm). Particle size had an effect on ethanol yield and on soluble solids concentration in thin stillage. The highest ethanol yield of 12.6 mL/100 mL of beer was achieved using a 0.5‐mm screen in the cross‐beater mill. Treatment using the 0.5‐mm mill screen resulted in soluble solids concentration of 25.1 g/L and was higher than soluble solids concentrations obtained with other screens. No differences in soluble solid concentrations were observed in samples of thin stillage obtained from 2, 3, 4, and 5‐mm screens which had a mean yield of 16.2 g/L. By optimizing particle size for maximum ethanol yield and minimum solids in thin stillage, dry‐grind corn plants could realize reduced capital and operating costs.
Ribosomes in Dormant and Germinating Conidia ofAspergillus oryzae (1965)

Ribosomes were isolated from dormant and germinating conidia of Asp. oryzae No. 13. The ribosomes which consisted of 80 S were easily dissociated into 40 S and 60 S in low Mg+ + buffer. Polyribosomes were not found in dormant conidia, but were found in germinating conidia. Ribosomes in Aspergillus fungi consisted of almost equal amount of RNA and protein, and the base compositions of RNA were alike, as compared as ribosomal RNA between dormant and germinating conidia.
LiMnyFe1-yPO4 (0.5≤y≤0.8) Cathode Materials Grown by Hydrothermal Route: Electrochemical Performance (2013)

International audience
Automated “pick and transfer” of targeted cells using dielectrophoresis (2019)

Selective manipulation of single cells is an important step in sample preparation for biological analysis. A highly specific and automated device is desired for such an operation. An ideal device would be able to selectively pick several single cells in parallel from a heterogeneous population and transfer those to designated sites for further analysis without human intervention. The robotic manipulator developed here provides the basis for development of such a device. The device in this work is designed to selectively pick cells based on their inherent properties using dielectrophoresis (DEP) and automatically transfer and release those at a transfer site. Here we provide proof of concept of such a device and study the effect of different parameters on its operation. Successful experiments were conducted to separate Candida cells from a mixture with 10 μm latex particles and a viability assay was performed for separation of viable rat adipose stem cells (RASCs) from non-viable ones. The robotic DEP device was further used to pick and transfer single RASCs. This work also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of our current setup and illustrates the future steps required to improve the performance of this robotic DEP technology.
Effects of Nd:YAG laser coagulation of myocardium on coronary vessels (1990)

Laser coagulation of arrhythmogenic myocardium proved to be an effective surgical therapy for refractory arrhythmias. To determine the influence of Nd: YAG laser coagulation of myocardium on coronary vessels, a total of 48 transcatheter laser impacts (10 W, 10 sec, 7 W mm2) were directed to the left ventricular free wall via endocardial (24 lesions in 2 dogs) or epicardial (24 lesions in 2 dogs) approach. In 8 of 24 endomyocardial lesions (2 and 6 months old) coronary vessels with a diameter of greater than 50 microns were found within the coagulation zones. The volume of these lesions was significantly (P less than 0.01) smaller (139 +/- 43 mm3) than those (n = 16) with coronary vessels measuring less than 50 microns (311 +/- 87 mm3). Volumes of epimyocardial lesions (1-2 hours old) produced by transcoronary irradiation with normal coronary blood flow were significantly (P less than 0.01) smaller (31 +/- 17 mm3) than with reduced (73 +/- 22) or interrupted (119 +/- 34 mm3) blood flow (n = 8, each). Both directly irradiated coronary vessels and those found within the coagulation zones and scars appeared histologically normal through all layers with an intact intima without fibrosis or thrombosis. The ultrastructure of irradiated arteries, even with total interruption of blood flow, was no different from that of non-irradiated controls. Thus, coronary artery blood flow significantly reduces the volume of coagulated myocardium, whereas the vessels themselves appear to remain undamaged by laser irradiation as used for myocardial coagulation.