gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partially imidized poly[(amic ester)‐alt‐imide]: A novel polyimide pregursor (1997)

Abstract Partial imidization of poly[(amic ester)‐ alt ‐(amic acid)], a precursor for the “strictly alternating” copolyimides, was performed via selective chemical imidization of amic acid units in the copolymer precursor. The resulting, poly[(amic ester)‐ alt ‐imide], showed superior properties such as an excellent solution stability, good processibility and improved optical transparency, which are essential for the use as a precursor for the polyimide.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (‐)‐Galantinic Acid from D‐Ribonolactone. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Semiautomated georadar data acquisition in three dimensions (1999)

Abstract Under favorable conditions, georadar techniques can provide vivid images of the shallow subsurface (&amp;lt;10-50 m). Although the significant advantages of 3-D georadar surveying strategies are well documented, they generally require much greater expenditures than traditional 2-D approaches. We introduce an efficient, semi-automated 3-D georadar acquisition and processing scheme that does not jeopardize data quality. A standard georadar acquisition unit is integrated with an innovative self-tracking laser theodolite with automatic target recognition capabilities. Georadar and coordinate data are recorded simultaneously as the georadar antennae are transported steadily across a survey area. While tracking a target prism mounted between the antennae, the theodolite provides real-time coordinate information with high accuracy in all directions. At approximately 1 m/s (moderate walking speed) the coordinates are determined to better than + or -0.04 m, and at approximately 3 m/s they are better than + or -0.07 m. Subsequent to acquisition, semi-automatic processing allows the georadar data to be static corrected, transferred to a regular grid using a novel 2-D Fourier transform method, amplitude modulated, filtered, and displayed. The acquisition component of the new scheme is five to ten times faster than standard step-mode georadar techniques, and the semi-automatic processing component allows initial 3-D images to be viewed in the field. Typically, a 3-D georadar data set covering a 25 mX25 m area may be collected and processed in less than 3 hours. One such data set recorded across a former glaciofluvial environment allows reflections from complex river channel sediments and surface features to be readily identified and interpreted.
A Global Delphi Consensus Study on Defining and Measuring Quality in Surgical Training (2014)

International expert consensus was achieved on defining and measuring high-quality surgical training. This has been translated into the (S-QAT) to evaluate surgical training programs. Competition created by comparing training quality might raise the standards of surgical education.
Persistent subclinical immune defects in HIV-1-infected children treated with antiretroviral therapy (2015)

Our results show the effectiveness of current cART to enable the build-up of phenotypically diverse B-cell and T-cell memory in HIV-infected children. However, several subclinical immune abnormalities were detected, which were partially caused by defective immune maturation. These persistent abnormalities were most severe in adolescents and therefore warrant long-term follow-up of HIV-infected children. Early identification of such immune defects might provide targets for monitoring future treatment optimization.
Melatonin protects against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury by elevating Sirtuin3 expression and manganese superoxide dismutase activity (2018)

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury is a crucial cause for mortality throughout the world. Recent studies indicated that melatonin might exert profound cardio-protective effect in MI/R injury. However, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. In the current study, we aimed to explore the potential effect of melatonin in the pathological process of MI/R. Both in vivo MI/R model and in vitro H9c2 cell line simulated I/R (SIR) model were applied with or without melatonin supplementation. We found that Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) expression and activity were markedly decreased under MI/R and SIR conditions. Melatonin treatment significantly increased myocardial Sirt3 expression, and alleviated MI/R-induced cardiac morphology changes and cardiac dysfunction, as well as myocardial apoptosis level. In addition, DHE and JC-1 staining results demonstrated that melatonin reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and restored ATP production after SIR injury via elevating Sirt3 expression. By using siRNA targeting Sirt3, we confirmed that the beneficial effects of melatonin were dependent on Sirt3, which in turn deacetylated and activated manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Collectively, the current study demonstrated the protective effect of melatonin against MI/R injury via alleviating myocardial oxidative stress. Moreover, these beneficial effects were associated with the deacetylation modification of Sirt3 on MnSOD.
Equifrequency surfaces in a two-dimensional GaN-based photonic crystal (2004)

We established the angular conditions that maintain the quasi-phase matching conditions for enhanced second-harmonic generation. To do that, we investigated the equifrequency surfaces of the resonant Bloch modes of a two-dimensional periodic, hole-array photonic crystal etched into a GaN/sapphire epitaxial structure. The equifrequency surfaces exhibit remarkable shapes, in contrast to the simpler surfaces of a one-dimensional structure. The observed anisotropy agrees well with the surfaces calculated by a scattering matrix method. The equifrequency surfaces at fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies provide the values of polar and azimuthal angles that maintain quasi-phase matching conditions for enhanced second-harmonic generation over an extended tuning range. The predicted values for quasi phase-matching conditions show that frequency tuning for the two-dimensional case covers an about two times larger fractional bandwidth relative to the one-dimensional case.
Structural characterization of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen protein by mass spectrometry (1988)

The primary structure of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen protein produced in yeast has been confirmed by mass spectrometric peptide mapping. These studies corroborate more than 85% of the amino acid sequence derived by sequencing of the gene and identified the presence of an acetyl moiety on approximately 70% of the NH2-terminal methionine residues. Prior to the present work, direct structural analysis was largely prevented by the insolubility of this integral membrane protein and its primary degradation fragments in aqueous buffers and by partial blockage of the NH2 terminus. These difficulties were overcome by preparative isolation using electroelution of the monomeric 226 amino acid protein from a polyacrylamide electrophoretic gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Chymotryptic digestion of the reduced and carboxymethylated monomer produced a large number of small, predominantly hydrophobic peptides ideally suited for peptide mapping by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The percentage of NH2-terminal methionine blocked by acetyl was determined by a new strategy involving cyanogen bromide cleavage, permethylation, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry identification and quantitation of the N-methyl-N-acetylhomoserine produced.
Gene Expression Profiling in Autoimmune Noninfectious Uveitis Disease (2008)

Noninfectious uveitis is a predominantly T cell-mediated autoimmune, intraocular inflammatory disease. To characterize the gene expression profile from patients with noninfectious uveitis, PBMCs were isolated from 50 patients with clinically characterized noninfectious uveitis syndrome. A pathway-specific cDNA microarray was used for gene expression profiling and real-time PCR array for further confirmation. Sixty-seven inflammation- and autoimmune-associated genes were found differentially expressed in uveitis patients, with 28 of those genes being validated by real-time PCR. Several genes previously unknown for autoimmune uveitis, including IL-22, IL-19, IL-20, and IL-25/IL-17E, were found to be highly expressed among uveitis patients compared with the normal subjects with IL-22 expression highly variable among the patients. Furthermore, we show that IL-22 can affect primary human retinal pigment epithelial cells by decreasing total tissue resistance and inducing apoptosis possibly by decreasing phospho-Bad level. In addition, the microarray data identified a possible uveitis-associated gene expression pattern, showed distinct gene expression profiles in patients during periods of clinical activity and quiescence, and demonstrated similar expression patterns in related patients with similar clinical phenotypes. Our data provide the first evidence that a subset of IL-10 family genes are implicated in noninfectious uveitis and that IL-22 can affect human retinal pigment epithelial cells. The results may facilitate further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of autoimmune uveitis and other autoimmune originated inflammatory diseases.
Host Anycasting Service (1993)

This RFC describes an internet anycasting service for IP. The primary purpose of this memo is to establish the semantics of an anycasting service within an IP internet. Insofar as is possible, this memo tries to be agnostic about how the service is actually provided by the internetwork. This memo describes an experimental service and does not propose a protocol. This memo is produced by the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF).
EBR-II: A STATUS REPORT. (1971)

This rep o rt was prepared as an account of w ork sponsored by the U nited S tates G overnm ent.Neither the U nited States nor the U nited S tates A tom ic Energy Com m ission, nor any o f their em ployees, nor any of their contractors, su bcontractors
Efficacy of Nab-Paclitaxel as Second-line Chemotherapy for Unresectable or Recurrent Gastric Cancer (2016)

Nab-PTX may effectively prevent disease progression as second-line CT by increasing treatment cycles and managing adverse effects.
The Escherichia coli tRNA-Guanine Transglycosylase Can Recognize and Modify DNA (2002)

tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (TGT) catalyzes the exchange of queuine (or a precursor) for guanine 34 in tRNA. The minimal RNA recognition motif for TGT has been found to involve a UGU sequence in the anticodon loop of the queuine-cognate tRNAs. Recent studies have shown that the enzyme is capable of recognizing the UGU sequence in alternative contexts (Kung, F. L., Nonekowski, S., and Garcia, G. A. (2000) RNA 6, 233-244) and have investigated the role of the first U of the UGU sequence in tRNA recognition by TGT (Nonekowski, S. T., and Garcia, G. A. (2001) RNA 7, 1432-1441). The TGT reaction involves the breakage and re-formation of a glycosidic bond. To rule out a potential chemical mechanism involving the 2'-hydroxyl at position 34, we synthesized and evaluated an RNA minihelix with 2'-deoxy-G at 34. The high level of activity exhibited by this analogue indicates that the 2'-hydroxyl of G(34) is not required for catalysis. Furthermore, we find that TGT can recognize analogues composed entirely of DNA, but only when 2'-deoxyuridines replace the thymidines in the DNA. The requirement for uridine bases for recognition is perhaps not surprising given the UGU recognition motif for TGT. However, it is not clear if the uracil requirement is due to specific recognition by TGT or due to the effect of uracils on the conformation of the oligonucleotide.
Dielectric Studies. IX. Relaxation Processes of Anisole- and Fluorine-Substituted Anisoles (1966)

The dielectric constants and losses at wavelengths of 0.428, 0.860, 1.249, 1.850, and 3.220 cm and the static dielectric constant at 149.9 m have been measured for methoxypentafluorobenzene, pentafluorobenzene, trifluoromethoxybenzene, and anisole in cyclohexane solutions at 25°C. Measurements were also carried out on trifluoromethoxybenzene in decalin solution at 25°C. Dielectric relaxation times have been evaluated and the results for methoxypentafluorobenzene, trifluoromethoxybenzene, and anisole have been interpreted in terms of two relaxation times, one corresponding to molecular rotation and the other to intramolecular group rotation. Consideration has been given to the shortening of the methoxy group relaxation time in the pure liquid state compared with that in dilute solution. Mesomeric moments have been estimated from the dielectric data.
Information-based intelligent unmanned ground vehicle navigation (2004)

Sensor-centric navigation of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) operating in rugged and expansive terrains requires the competency to evaluate the utility of sensor information such that it results in intelligent behavior of the vehicles. In this paper, we propose an entropic information metric for the above purpose where entropy is used to quantify the probabilistic uncertainty in sensor measurements. We present results using data obtained from field trials on an unmanned vehicle to substantiate the utility of the proposed metric. We also show how low and high level tasks can be predicated upon this metric in potential application areas related to autonomous vehicle navigation.
Rapid Selection ofPlasmodium falciparumDihydrofolate Reductase Mutants by Pyrimethamine Prophylaxis (2000)

A prospective study was conducted to measure the selective effect of pyrimethamine prophylaxis on point mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). A total of 109 Malian children were given pyrimethamine weekly for 5 weeks. P. falciparum infections were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for DHFR mutations, which were dramatically more frequent among prophylaxis-breakthrough infections than at baseline: the prevalence of Asn-108 rose from 13% to 100%, Ile-51 from 4% to 50%, and Arg-59 from 11% to 90%. Eight persistent infections lacking detectable DHFR mutations at baseline developed multiple mutations within 1 week of the patients' starting pyrimethamine prophylaxis. Microsatellite analysis found no evidence of clonal identity among baseline and breakthrough infections. Analysis of these data demonstrates that under prophylaxis conditions, pyrimethamine is strongly selective for DHFR mutations, which arise extremely rapidly under drug pressure, even when undetectable in the initial infection. These findings have implications for prophylaxis regimens with other antifolate drugs.
Destruction of living cells by pulsed high-voltage application (1988)

Destruction of living cells in liquid has been formed by pulsed high-voltage application to the liquid. S. cerevsaie (yeast cell) or Bacillus natto, dispersed in deionized water and one- and three-percent NaCl solution, were used in this experiment. Four different electrodes (plate-plate, needle-plate wire-cylinder, and rod-rod electrode) were tested. The survival rate of cells was measured against peak electric field E/sub p/ pulsewidth T/sub W/, and pulse application number N. The experimental results indicate that the survivability roughly follows Weilbull distribution. Yeast cells dispersed in deionized water could be almost completely destroyed when the wire-cylinder electrode was used with E/sub p/=20 kV/cm, T/sub W/=100 mu s, and N=200. The energy input to a unit volume of the liquid to complete the cell destruction, however, differed significantly with the electrode type. The wire-cylinder electrode required above 10-30 cal/cm/sup 3/ to destroy the yeast cell in deionized water to 10/sup -6/ survivability. This value was less than that required more than 70 cal/cm/sup 3/. Using the rod-rod electrode contained in a pressure vessel, an arc discharge was generated to produce an intensive shock wave, which also destroyed the cells by its mechanical force. In this case, 5-10 cal/cm/sup 3/ of energy was required to decrease the survivability of yeast cells in deionized water to 10/sup -6/. Though further studies are necessary, this results indicate a possibility of the cell destruction by pulsed high voltage to be used as an energy-efficient sterilization process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pedestrian Crossing Safety System at Traffic Lights based on Decision Tree Algorithm (2019)

Pedestrians are one of the street users who have the right to get priority on security. Highway users such as vehicle drivers sometimes violate the traffic lights that is endanger pedestrians and make pedestrians feel insecure when crossing the street. Based on this problem, a tool is designed to provide a warning for the drivers or riders violating the traffic lights and prevent traffic accident by spraying water. The system is able to detect traffic violation based on changes in the value of the vehicle position on the stop line obtained from the Ultrasonic HC-SR04 sensor. When a violation is detected, a decision tree algorithm turns on the pump to spray water to the traffic violators as a deterrent effect. The results show that the vehicle located closest to the sensor has 94% precision, 88% recall and 85% accuracy, the vehicle located in the middle has 73% precision, 100% recall, and 75% accuracy, and the vehicle located furthest to the sensor has 75% precision, 100% recall and 80% accuracy.
Layered Optical Flow Estimation Using a Deep Neural Network with a Soft Mask (2018)

Using a layered representation for motion estimation has the advantage of being able to cope with discontinuities and occlusions. In this paper, we learn to estimate optical flow by combining a layered motion representation with deep learning. Instead of pre-segmenting the image to layers, the proposed approach automatically generates a layered representation of optical flow using the proposed soft-mask module. The essential components of the soft-mask module are maxout and fuse operations, which enable a disjoint layered representation of optical flow and more accurate flow estimation. We show that by using masks the motion estimate results in a quadratic function of input features in the output layer. The proposed soft-mask module can be added to any existing optical flow estimation networks by replacing their flow output layer. In this work, we use FlowNet as the base network to which we add the soft-mask module. The resulting network is tested on three well-known benchmarks with both supervised and unsupervised flow estimation tasks. Evaluation results show that the proposed network achieve better results compared with the original FlowNet.
A glimpse into the Poincaré archives (1997)

Cet article traite de la seule correspondance actuellement connue entre Poincare et le grand physicien hollandais H.A. Lorentz. Ces six lettres concernent les questions les plus aigues de la physique theorique pendant la premiere decennie du XXe siecle, et sont proposees ici comme un echantillon des richesses restant a decouvrir dans les archives de Poincare.
THE EVALUATION OF SILICONE HYDROGEL AND TRADITIONAL HYDROGEL MATERIALS FOR 7 DAY CONTINUOUS WEAR AMONG NEW CONTACT LENS WEARERS. (2001)

Sunday, December 9, 2001. Posters: Academy Information, Binocular Vision, Pediatric Optometry, Primary Care, Ocular Disease, Cornea and Contact Lenses: PDF Only
Functional Linkage between the Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Hsp47 and Procollagen Expression in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2002)

Hsp47 is a heat stress protein that interacts with procollagen in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, which is vital for collagen elaboration and embryonic viability. The precise actions of Hsp47 remain unclear, however. To evaluate the effects of Hsp47 on collagen production we infected human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with a retrovirus containing Hsp47 cDNA. SMCs overexpressing Hsp47 secreted type I procollagen faster than SMCs transduced with empty vector, yielding a greater accumulation of pro alpha1(I) collagen in the extracellular milieu. Interestingly, the amount of intracellular pro alpha1(I) collagen was also increased. This was associated with an unexpected increase in the rate of pro alpha1(I) collagen chain synthesis and 2.5-fold increase in pro alpha1(I) collagen mRNA expression, without a change in fibronectin expression. This amplification of procollagen expression, synthesis, and secretion by Hsp47 imparted SMCs with an enhanced capacity to elaborate a fibrillar collagen network. The effects of Hsp47 were qualitatively distinct from, and independent of, those of ascorbate and the combination of both factors yielded an even more intricate fibril network. Given the in vitro impact of altered Hsp47 expression on procollagen production, we sought evidence for interindividual variability in Hsp47 expression and identified a common, single nucleotide polymorphism in the Hsp47 gene promoter among African Americans that significantly reduced promoter activity. Together, these findings indicate a novel means by which type I collagen production is regulated by the endoplasmic reticulum constituent, Hsp47, and suggest a potential basis for inherent differences in collagen production within the population.
Novel mutations associated with metachromatic leukodystrophy: Phenotype and expression studies in nine Czech and Slovak patients (2004)

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an inherited demyelinating disorder caused by the deficiency of arylsulphatase A (ASA). This defect leads to an accumulation of galactosylceramide I(3)-sulphates (sulphatides) in lysosomes of different tissues. We report on mutations found in a group of nine patients from the Czech and Slovak Republics (former Czechoslovakia). Their diagnosis was confirmed by determination of the activity of arylsulphatase A in leukocytes and by abnormal urinary excretion of sulphatides. All alleles of the patients were identified and eight different mutations were found. They include four novel missense mutations in one infantile (D29N), one juvenile (C294Y), and three adult (C156R, G293S) patients. Four mutations were previously described sequence alterations (459 + 1G > A, G309S, I179S, and P426L). Polymorphisms characteristic for the ASA pseudodeficiency allele were not found in the patients. Substitutions of D29N, C294Y, and G293S in arylsulphatase A caused a severe reduction of enzyme activity in transient expression studies. In contrast, the C156R substitution reduces arylsulphatase A only to 50% of wild type ASA activity. Since no other mutations were found in this patient, the contribution of this mutation to the development of disease remains unclear.
Size estimation and magnification error in radiographic imaging: implications for classification of arteriovenous malformations. (1995)

Numerous nonstereotactic referential systems for determining linear distances are inherently erroneous by varying degrees compared with the stereotactic technique. Area and volume determinations naturally increase this error further. To the extent that no standardized method for determining linear distances exists, significant variations in estimation of AVM size result. Classification schemes for AVMs have been hampered by this technical error.