gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boronic acid inhibitors of beta-lactamases as therapeutic agents in treatment of antibiotic-resistant infection diseases (2013)

he invention relates to novel boronic acid compounds, a method for the preparation of such compounds, intermediate compounds for the preparation of such compounds, intermediate compounds for the use in a method for preparation of such compounds, a pharmaceutical composition, the use of one or more compounds discussed above or of a pharmaceutical composition in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a bacterial infection, and a screening method.
Transport and hydrolysis of maltose by Schwanniomyces castellii (1992)

Hydrolysis and transport of maltose into Schwanniomyces castellii was studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Amylase and glucosidase were not synthetized in presence of maltose in anaerobic conditions. Maltose permease was synthesized in anaerobiosis and its functioning is not inhibited. Glucose strongly repressed induction. The half-saturation constant for uptake of maltose was 0.06 mM. The rate of uptake of maltose was decreased by 2,4-dinitrophenol, antimycin or sodium azide. The significance of these results in relation to the Kluyver effect is discussed.
LEFT VENTRICULAR UNLOADING WITH A NEWLY DEVELOPED MICRODIAGONAL BLOOD PUMP (2003)

The concept of unloading of the failing heart for bridge to recovery is gaining more and more interest. Therefore, we report on our first experimental trials with the newly developed microdiagonal blood pump. The pump was implanted in six adult female sheep (80 to 90 kg) for seven days each. The inflow conduit was anastomosed to the left atrium, the outflow conduit to the descending aorta. Pump flow was adjusted to 2-3 L/min. Hemodynamic data were measured before and after surgery as well as before termination of the trial and encompassed systemic and pulmonary artery pressures as well as echocardiographic parameters. The data are presented as mean values and standard error of the mean. Due to unloading of the heart, left ventricular enddiastolic and endsystolic diameters as well as the ejection fraction decreased postoperatively (4.1 +/−0.5 =3.6 +/−0.3 cm, 3.2 +/−0.4 =>2.8 +/−0.5 cm and 57 +/−9% =>42 +/− 5%, respectively) and did not change during the test period. Cardiac output fell from 4.9 +/− 0.7 to 3.2 +/− 0.5 L/min. Systemic and pulmonary artery pressures remained stable during the whole test period (mean systemic arterial pressure: 100 +/− 10 mmHg, mean pulmonary artery pressure: 18 +/−1.5 mmHg, wedge pressure: 14 +/− 1.1 mmHg). These first trials with the microdiagonal blood pump demonstrated a reliable unloading of the left ventricle. Long-term experiments are necessary to confirm these results.
Treg-specific IL-2 therapy can reestablish intrahepatic immune regulation in autoimmune hepatitis (2020)

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that usually requires life-long immunosuppression. Frequent relapses after discontinuation of therapy indicate that intrahepatic immune regulation is not restored by current therapies. As steroid therapy preferentially depletes intrahepatic regulatory T cell (Tregs), immune regulation might be re-established by increasing and functionally strengthening intrahepatic Tregs. In recent clinical trials with low dose IL-2, the Treg compartment was strengthened in autoimmune diseases. Therefore, we tested complexed IL-2/anti-IL-2 to increase the selectivity for Tregs. We used our model of experimental murine AIH (emAIH) and treated the mice with complexed IL-2/anti-Il-2 in the late course of the disease. The mice showed increased intrahepatic and systemic Treg numbers after treatment and a reduction in activated, intrahepatic effector T cells (Teffs). This resulted in a reduction in liver-specific ALT levels and a molecular pattern similar to that of healthy individuals. In conclusion, complexed IL-2/anti-IL-2 restored the balance between Tregs and Teffs within the liver, thereby improving the course of emAIH. Treg-specific IL-2 augmentation offers new hope for reestablishing immune tolerance in patients with AIH.
TheCaulobacterTol-Pal Complex Is Essential for Outer Membrane Integrity and the Positioning of a Polar Localization Factor (2010)

Cell division in Caulobacter crescentus involves constriction and fission of the inner membrane (IM) followed about 20 min later by fission of the outer membrane (OM) and daughter cell separation. In contrast to Escherichia coli, the Caulobacter Tol-Pal complex is essential. Cryo-electron microscopy images of the Caulobacter cell envelope exhibited outer membrane disruption, and cells failed to complete cell division in TolA, TolB, or Pal mutant strains. In wild-type cells, components of the Tol-Pal complex localize to the division plane in early predivisional cells and remain predominantly at the new pole of swarmer and stalked progeny upon completion of division. The Tol-Pal complex is required to maintain the position of the transmembrane TipN polar marker, and indirectly the PleC histidine kinase, at the cell pole, but it is not required for the polar maintenance of other transmembrane and membrane-associated polar proteins tested. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments show that both TolA and Pal interact directly or indirectly with TipN. We propose that disruption of the trans-envelope Tol-Pal complex releases TipN from its subcellular position. The Caulobacter Tol-Pal complex is thus a key component of cell envelope structure and function, mediating OM constriction at the final step of cell division as well as the positioning of a protein localization factor.
Hardening evolution of geopolymers from setting to equilibrium: A review (2020)

In recent years, environmentally sustainable geopolymers have been widely investigated to obtain comparable mechanical properties with Portland cement, and they are now close to being in a position where they can substitute parts of the cement production utilized in construction. However, in order for geopolymers to reach their full potential, it is crucial to understand the influence of various parameters (e.g., particle size, treatment of precursor, chemical composition) on the hardening evolution at earlier ages of the pastes and the resulting final mechanical strength of the set system. Hence, this paper reviews known factors that influence the setting time of fresh geopolymers and discusses the underlying chemical- and physical-mechanisms of each parameter. Next to this, the interconnection between the setting time and mechanical strength is discussed. This will provide a platform for researchers and engineers to understand the hardening evolution of geopolymers in a broader range.
Antigenic relationships of selected strains of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and European eel virus (1983)

Abstract. An antigenic comparison of ten strains of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and a single strain of European eel virus (EEV) revealed the presence of three distinct groups separable by cross‐neutralization. The 1/ r value calculated from the formula r=√r 1 × r 2 (Archetti &amp; Horsfall 1950) was used to divide the virus strains into: group I, which included all six U.S.A. strains: Buhl, Idaho; Reno, Nevada; ATCC VR 299; Powder Mill, New Hampshire; West Buxton, Maine; and Cascade Locks, Oregon: group II, the European strains: ?Honnincthun, France; Sp Denmark; and Bonnamy, France: group III, Ab Denmark and EEV. The group II European strains of IPNV were more closely related to the group I U.S.A. strains than to those viruses in group III. European eel virus (EEV) was antigenically most closely related to the Ab strain of IPNV.
Precoded DOSTBC over Rayleigh Channels (2007)

Differential orthogonal space-time block codes (DOSTBC) sent over correlated Rayleigh fading channels are considered in this paper. Approximate expressions for the symbol error rate (SER) are derived for DOSTBC with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:math>-PSK,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:math>-PAM, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:math>-QAM constellations assuming arbitrary correlation between the transmit and receive antennas. A full memoryless precoder is designed to improve the performance of the DOSTBC over correlated Rayleigh MIMO channels. The proposed precoder design differs from the previous work: (1) our precoder design considers arbitrary correlation in the channels, whereas the previously proposed precoder design considers only transmit correlations in the Kronecker correlation model; (2) the proposed precoder is based on minimizing proposed SER, whereas the previously proposed precoder is based on minimizing the Chernoff bound of approximate SER; (3) we propose precoder design for DOSTBC with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:math>-PSK,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:math>-PAM, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:math>-QAM constellations, whereas the previously proposed precoder works for DOSTBC with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:math>-PSK only. Additionally, the proposed precoded DOSTBC outperforms the conventional eigenbeamforming-based precoded DOSTBC for the Kronecker model with only transmit correlation.
INCREASING OIL PALM INDUSTRY PROFIT, MALAYSIAN GROSS NATIONAL INCOME AND GOVERNMENT TAX REVENUE WITH BREAKTHROUGH DNA TESTS (2017)

The sequencing and assembly of the oil palm genome, by a team led by the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), rapidly resulted in the discovery of the SHELL gene which controls the tenera, dura or pisifera fruit-form phenotype of oil palm, a major contributor to mesocarp oil yield. This milestone allowed development of genetic tests capable of predicting fruit-form phenotype at the prenursery stage. Here, we explain a proposed cost effective strategy for staged SHELL genetic testing and discuss the economic impacts of implementing SHELL testing for molecular precision agriculture in the oil palm industry. Keywords: SHELL test, non-tenera contamination, oil palm genome, economic impact.
Effect of saikosaponin‐A, a triterpenoid glycoside, isolated from Bupleurum falcatum on experimental allergic asthma (2002)

The separation and isolation of an extract of Bupleurum falcatum were performed based on antiallergic activities in preliminary studies with higher plants. The final active compound was identified as saikosaponin-A (SSA), a triterpenoid glycoside. SSA at more than 1 mg/kg (i.v.) significantly inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in rats in a dose-dependent manner, attaining a maximum inhibition of approximately 60% with 10 mg/kg. SSA at 3 and 10 mg/kg also suppressed asthmatic bronchoconstriction in sensitized guinea-pigs. SSA possesses a weak inhibitory activity on histamine-induced tracheal contraction in guinea-pigs and on histamine release induced by A-23187 in rat mast cells. These results indicate that SSA has an inhibitory activity against allergic asthma. This activity seems to derive from both antagonism of the histamine action and inhibition of allergic mediators. Additional mechanisms may also be involved.
A wavelength conversion scheme based on a quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier and a delay interferometer (2008)

Interferometric schemes based on the cross-phase modulation properties of nonlinear devices have been widely used to develop high performance signal processing subsystems, such as wavelength converters and regenerators. However, there is also another category of devices characterized by limited cross-phase modulation nonlinearity. In this category belong quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers, which have demonstrated unique ultra-fast nonlinear properties for high bit rate applications. Cross-gain modulation (XGM) is considered in this case as the prime nonlinear mechanism, but it traditionally suffers from severe extinction ratio limitations. In this paper we introduce an interferometric configuration for enhancing the XGM performance of these devices. The proposed concept is experimentally validated at 40 Gb/s using a QD-SOA as nonlinear medium. It is shown that the extinction ratio of the cross gain modulated signal can be greatly improved.
Applied Operating System Concepts (1999)

From the Publisher:
This new book provides a clear description of the concepts that underlie all operating systems, using a real language--Java--to present many of the ideas. Rather than concentrating on a particular operating system or hardware, the authors discuss key concepts that are applicable to a wide variety of systems such as processes and inter-process communication, process scheduling, memory management, and IO. In addition to numerous examples of current operating systems, the book includes chapter-long case studies of UNIX, LINUX, and Windows NT.
Coating Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles with Humic Acid for High Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals in Water (2008)

Humic acid (HA) coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4/HA) were developed for the removal of toxic Hg(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) from water. Fe3O4/HA were prepared by a coprecipitation procedure with cheap and environmentally friendly iron salts and HA. TOC and XPS analysis showed the as-prepared Fe3O4/HA contains approximately 11% (w/w) of HA which are fractions abundant in O and N-based functional groups. TEM images and laser particle size analysis revealed the Fe3O4/HA (with approximately 10 nm Fe3O4 cores) aggregated in aqueous suspensions to form aggregates with an average hydrodynamic size of approximately 140 nm. With a saturation magnetization of 79.6 emu/g, the Fe3O4/HA can be simply recovered from water with magnetic separations at low magnetic field gradients within a few minutes. Sorption of the heavy metals to Fe3O4/HA reached equilibrium in less than 15 min, and agreed well to the Langmuir adsorption model with maximum adsorption capacities from 46.3 to 97.7 mg/g. The Fe3O4/HA was stable in tap water, natural waters, and acidic/ basic solutions ranging from 0.1 M HCl to 2 M NaOH with low leaching of Fe (< or = 3.7%) and HA (< or = 5.3%). The Fe3O4/HA was able to remove over 99% of Hg(ll) and Pb(ll) and over 95% of Cu(II) and Cd(II) in natural and tap water at optimized pH. Leaching back of the Fe3O4/HA sorbed heavy metals in water was found to be negligible.
Light Transport Induced Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation in Thermal Infrared Urban Scenes (2022)

Semantic segmentation in urban scenes is widely used in applications of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In urban scenes, thermal infrared (TIR) images can be captured in weak illumination conditions or in the presence of obscuration (e.g., light fog, smoke). Therefore, TIR images have great potential to endow automated intelligent vehicles or assist navigation systems. However, TIR imaging is blurry and low-contrast due to the absorption by atmospheric gases and heat transfer effect. Hence, TIR semantic segmentation in urban scenes has rarely been explored even though it has a wide range of scenarios in ITS. To overcome this limitation, we analyze the light transport of TIR light. Our analysis reveals that contours are the reliable features shared by TIR and Visible Spectrum (VS) light. Inspired by this, we attempt to transfer joint features from VS domain to TIR domain. Thus, we propose a curriculum domain adaptation method to guide the TIR urban scene semantic segmentation task from VS domain through contours. Moreover, to evaluate the proposed model, we build TIR-SS: an open-for-request dataset consisting of TIR images and pixel level annotations of 8 classes in urban scenes. Qualitative and quantitative experimental results on the dataset indicate that the proposed domain adaptation method outperforms related methods on this TIR semantic segmentation task.
Responses to Remixing on a Social Media Sharing Website (2010)

In this paper we describe the ways participants of the Scratch online community, primarily young people, engage in remixing of each others' shared animations, games, and interactive projects. In particular, we try to answer the following questions: How do users respond to remixing in a social media environment where remixing is explicitly permitted? What qualities of originators and their projects correspond to a higher likelihood of plagiarism accusations? Is there a connection between plagiarism complaints and similarities between a remix and the work it is based on? Our findings indicate that users have a very wide range of reactions to remixing and that as many users react positively as accuse remixers of plagiarism. We test several hypotheses that might explain the high number of plagiarism accusations related to original project complexity, cumulative remixing, originators' integration into remixing practice, and remixee-remixer project similarity, and find support for the first and last explanations.
OVARIAN PHYSIOLOGY: FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT, OOCYTE AND HORMONE RELATIONSHIPS (2009)

The ovarian follicle is the fundamental unit of the ovary. It contains the oocyte that may eventually ovulate, undergo fertilization and form an embryo. It also provides the steroid and protein hormones required for maintenance of the ovarian cycle, the secondary sex characteristics and preparation of the uterus for implantation. Follicle formation and folliculogenesis have been well documented for many mammalian species. However, the control of follicular reserves and entry of follicles into the growth path towards atresia or ovulation are not well understood. We have investigated several aspects of follicle formation and folliculogenesis by (a) using unbiased assumption-free stereological methods to accurately count follicles, particularly primordial follicles in the follicular reserve, (b) testing the effects of members of the transforming growth factor-β family on folliculogenesis and follicle function, and (c) examining the role of estrogen in folliculogenesis using the aromatase knock-out mouse model. These studies are summarized and reviewed.
Detection of pyrogens using human whole blood (1996)

The use of human whole blood as an in vitro model for detection of compounds with the potential to induce fever is described. As a readout, mediators (endogenous pyrogens) released from leukocytes such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin I (IL-I), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are quantitated. In fact, minute concentrations of pyrogens induced the release of mediators in amounts that were easily detectable. Endotoxins as well as other bacterial components induce this reaction. We used the antipyrogenic drug aspirin to show that in blood of volunteers the ex vivo stimulated PGE2 release was inhibited for several hours. This model seems superior to the rabbit pyrogen test or the Limulus assay for endotoxin. We propose to evaluate this system as an alternative in vitro method for pyrogen testing.
Acid–base equilibria of nitropyridines in protium oxide and in deuterium oxide (1972)

Equilibrium constants for the dissociation of 2-, 3-, and 4-NO2·C5H4NH+ in H2O have been measured as a function of temperature in the range 3–70 °C by spectrophotometric determination of acid–base concentration ratios in aqueous solution of constant ionic strength (0·02M) or in aqueous sulphuric acid. Thermodynamic functions (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) have been calculated for these equilibria as well-behaved functions of temperature and compared with those relative to acid–base equilibrium of unsubstituted pyridine. Entropy values for the above reactions are nearly equal, so that the free-energy differences, due to the different acidities, are mainly found as differences between the corresponding enthalpies. Equilibrium constants for the dissociation of 2-, 3-, and 4-NO2·C5H4ND+ in D2O have also been measured at 298·2 K. Isotope effects seem to be mainly determined by solvation characteristics of the system.
Human T lymphocyte proliferation induced by a pan-T monoclonal antibody (anti-Leu 4): heterogeneity of response is a function of monocytes. (1983)

Anti-Leu-4 is a murine monoclonal antibody that defines a molecule of 20,000 to 25,000 daltons present on all mature T lymphocytes in man. When cultured in the presence of 10 to 1000 ng/ml anti-Leu-4, the T cells of most individuals proliferate with peak responses on the third day of culture. T cells of both helper and suppressor lineages proliferate, but only in the presence of monocytes. Approximately 40% of individuals tested responded weakly or not at all to anti-Leu-4, despite normal responses to other stimuli. The variation in responsiveness between individuals could not be explained by differences in Leu-4 antigen density on the surface of T cells, differences in the rate of Leu-4 antigen modulation, or structural differences in the Leu-4 molecule as defined by the method of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the presence of monocytes from high responders, the T cells from low responders proliferated vigorously to anti-Leu-4, whereas monocytes from low responders failed to support proliferation by high responder T cells. On the other hand, low responder monocytes did not prevent T cells from proliferating in the presence of high responder monocytes. These results suggest that the failure of some individuals to respond to anti-Leu-4 is due to the absence or dysfunction of an essential monocyte population.
Developing recombinant and synthetic vaccines for the treatment of melanoma (1999)

To develop new vaccines for the treatment of patients with cancer, target antigens presented on tumor cell surfaces have been cloned. Many of these antigens are non-mutated differentiation antigens and are expressed by virtually all melanomas, making them attractive components for a widely efficacious melanoma vaccine. These antigens are also expressed by melanocytes, however, and are likely to be subject to immune tolerance. A central challenge for tumor immunologists has thus been the breaking of tolerance to cancer antigens. We review recent clinical trials using experimental cancer vaccines, including recent evidence that therapeutic vaccines can induce objective responses in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. We focus on the foundations of these approaches in new experimental animal models designed to test novel vaccines and report on what these new models predict for the future development of therapeutic vaccines for cancer.
Adquisición con reforzamiento demorado bajo combinaciones de reforzamiento dependiente e independiente de la respuesta (2011)

En experimentos de estado estable, la tasa de respuesta disminuye conforme se aumenta la proporcion de reforzamiento independiente, en relaci6n a los reforzadores que siguen siendo dependientes de la conducta. El presente estudio intento replicar estos hallazgos durante la adquisicion de una nueva respuesta. Se empleo un diseno factorial 3X3 donde una variable fue ]a proporcion de reforzadores dependientes e independientes de la conducta de palanquear, ]a cual se fijo en 25, 50 o 75%. La otra variable fue una demora no senalada de reforzamiento, fija en 6, 12 o 24s. Tres ratas se asignaron a cada combinacion de variables independientes. Analisis de varianza mostraron que mientras la demora de reforzamiento no tuvo un efecto sistematico, el numero de sesiones necesarias para la adquisicion fue menor y las tasas de respuesta fueron mas altas ante proporciones menores de reforzamiento independiente. Los resultados muestran que el fenomeno es general durante las fases de mantenimiento y adquisicion de una nueva conducta y que la dependencia respuesta-reforzador es crucial para ambos.