gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ambrisentan for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2005)

Endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) are an important class of agents used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Ambrisentan is an oral, once-daily, endothelin type-A receptor (ETA)-selective, propanoic acid class ERA under clinical investigation for the treatment of PAH. In a Phase II study, ambrisentan improved 6-minute walk distance, Borg dyspnea index, World Health Organization Functional Class, and hemodynamics. Ambrisentan was well tolerated and adverse events were not dose related, including a low incidence and severity of liver function test abnormalities. There are no relevant interactions between ambrisentan and cytochrome P450 isoenzymes (metabolism, induction or inhibition) that might alter the activity of P450-metabolized drugs. Potential benefits of ambrisentan include oral, once-daily dosing, ET(A)-receptor selectivity, and the decreased risks of liver toxicity and adverse drug-drug interactions compared with other ERAs.
Quantitative measurement of the composition of AlxGa1−xAs heterostructures using a simple backscattered electron detector (1989)

We describe a technique for the quantitative measurement of composition in AlxGa1−xAs heterostructures using a simple solid-state backscattered electron detector in a scanning electron microscope. Calibration data are presented and are shown to be consistent with the Castaing [Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. 13, 317 (1960)] theory. The technique is applied to image representative AlxGa1−xAs heterostructures including a graded index separate confinement heterostructure (GRINSCH) laser structure.
Cell motility on micropatterned treadmills and tracks (2007)

Surfaces micropatterned with disjointed cell adhesive/non-adhesive regions allow for precise control of cell shape, internal organization and function. In particular, substrates prepared by the reaction-diffusion ASoMic (nisotropic lid roetching) method localize cells onto transparent micro-islands or tracks surrounded by an opaque, adhesion-resistant background. ASoMic is compatible with several important imaging modalities ( wide-field, fluorescent, TIRF and confocal microscopies), and can be used to study and quantify various intracellular and cellular processes related to cell motility. For cells constrained on the islands, the imposed geometry controls spatial organization of the cytoskeleton, while the transparency of the islands allows for real-time analysis of cytoskeletal dynamics. For cells on transparent, linear tracks, the high optical contrast between these adhesive regions and the surrounding non-adhesive background allows for straightforward quantification of the key parameters describing cell motility. Both types of systems provide analytical-quality data that can assist fundamental studies of cell locomotion and can provide a technological basis for cell motility microassays.
Synergistic single process additive manufacturing of hydro-responsive Ag nanoparticle composites by digital visible light processing 3D printing (2020)

Single unit process fabrication of a responsive Ag nanoparticle (NP) chemical hydrogel composite is achieved through digital visible light processing (DLP) 3D printing of a self-assembled nanostructured (multilamellar) resin doped with Ag(<sc>i</sc>).
Correlations Between Cloud Point and Compositional Properties of Palm Oil and Liquid Fractions from Dry Fractionation (2017)

Abstract Dry fractionation of palm oil can be conducted as a multi‐step process; this gives rise to new softer and harder fractions having multitudes of applications in fat foods. This work focuses on the liquid fractions obtained following a triple‐step fractionation; the cloud point was measured on a set of 125 palm oil, olein, super olein and top olein samples, with the intention to correlate this value to the compositional properties. The Mettler cloud point, the diacylglycerol content, some selected single or groups of triacylglycerols and the iodine value (in total, 11 variables per sample) were measured and entered in a statistical model. A principal component analysis (PCA) was first carried out from which different sub‐groups were highlighted. In each sub‐group, various regressions (simple linear, simple non‐linear and multiple linear) were applied and 28 significant equations were derived. Out of these, one multiple linear regression involving the iodine value, the UUU and PPP contents showed the best correlation with the Mettler cloud point. This equation was selected to predict the cloud point since it was further successfully validated by using a set of 25 other independent samples. A partial least square (PLS) regression was tested and also considered adequate to predict the cloud point.
RETRACTED: Silencing SARS‐CoV Spike protein expression in cultured cells by RNA interference (2004)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been one of the most epidemic diseases threatening human health all over the world. Based on clinical studies, SARS-CoV (the SARS-associated coronavirus), a novel coronavirus, is reported as the pathogen responsible for the disease. To date, no effective and specific therapeutic method can be used to treat patients suffering from SARS-CoV infection. RNA interference (RNAi) is a process by which the introduced small interfering RNA (siRNA) could cause the degradation of mRNA with identical sequence specificity. The RNAi methodology has been used as a tool to silence genes in cultured cells and in animals. Recently, this technique was employed in anti-virus infections in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C/B virus. In this study, RNAi technology has been applied to explore the possibility for prevention of SARS-CoV infection. We constructed specific siRNAs targeting the S gene in SARS-CoV. We demonstrated that the siRNAs could effectively and specifically inhibit gene expression of Spike protein in SARS-CoV-infected cells. Our study provided evidence that RNAi could be a tool for inhibition of SARS-CoV.
Generalized representation of integers (1992)

Abstract By the problem, called a representation of the integers, is meant the encoding of the positive integers without a known upper bound, for which unique decoding can be provided. From the viewpoint of information theory, this problem has been discussed theoretically in its relation to the universality, asymptotic optimality, and computation theory. The result in those approaches has been applied to the data compression scheme for the type of data referring to the past as well as the URR and other floating‐pointnumber representations with variable exponential length. This paper discusses representation of the integers problem from the viewpoint of the codeword‐length function, which is the function to represent the length of the codeword. As a result, a general construction method is presented which has the desirable property and can uniquely encode all representations. Several methods are given from this approach, which can construct not only the traditional representations of the integers but also the first representations of the integers which has not been considered. It is noted first that two construction methods of codeword length, which are independent of the encoding, are considered. One is based on the combination of the codeword‐length functions, and the other is based on the codeword‐length distribution. More precisely, it is shown that not only are the traditional representations derived, but also the representations that have not been considered in the past. Using detailed examples, it is shown that the computational complexity of the encoding and decoding depends on the codeword‐length function.
Structure ofBacillus subtilisγ-glutamyltranspeptidase in complex with acivicin: diversity of the binding mode of a classical and electrophilic active-site-directed glutamate analogue (2014)

γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is an enzyme that plays a central role in glutathione metabolism, and acivicin is a classical inhibitor of GGT. Here, the structure of acivicin bound to Bacillus subtilis GGT determined by X-ray crystallography to 1.8 Å resolution is presented, in which it binds to the active site in a similar manner to that in Helicobacter pylori GGT, but in a different binding mode to that in Escherichia coli GGT. In B. subtilis GGT, acivicin is bound covalently through its C3 atom with sp2 hybridization to Thr403 Oγ, the catalytic nucleophile of the enzyme. The results show that acivicin-binding sites are common, but the binding manners and orientations of its five-membered dihydroisoxazole ring are diverse in the binding pockets of GGTs.
Dense quantum coding and quantum finite automata (2002)

We consider the possibility of encoding m classical bits into many fewer n quantum bits (qubits) so that an arbitrary bit from the original m bits can be recovered with good probability. We show that nontrivial quantum codes exist that have no classical counterparts. On the other hand, we show that quantum encoding cannot save more than a logarithmic additive factor over the best classical encoding. The proof is based on an entropy coalescence principle that is obtained by viewing Holevo's theorem from a new perspective.In the existing implementations of quantum computing, qubits are a very expensive resource. Moreover, it is difficult to reinitialize existing bits during the computation. In particular, reinitialization is impossible in NMR quantum computing, which is perhaps the most advanced implementation of quantum computing at the moment. This motivates the study of quantum computation with restricted memory and no reinitialization, that is, of quantum finite automata. It was known that there are languages that are recognized by quantum finite automata with sizes exponentially smaller than those of corresponding classical automata. Here, we apply our technique to show the surprising result that there are languages for which quantum finite automata take exponentially more states than those of corresponding classical automata.
The Suuji Approach to Multi-Digit Addition: Using Length to Deepen Students’ Understanding of the Base 10 Number System (2021)

We describe the Suuji representation of numbers which aims to deepen elementary students’ understanding of the base 10 system. (“Suuji” means “number” in Japanese.) This representation takes a two pronged approach of (1) making the place value more explicit and (2) using length to represent numbers, thus allowing students to reason spatially. We taught multi-digit addition using the Suuji representation to 20 second and third grade students. The article uses lesson descriptions and student work to illustrate the Suuji approach, as well as its impact on student learning.
Periurethral or Perineal Bacteria in Urinary Tract Infections? (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In response to the article by Kunin et al, "Periurethral Bacterial Flora in Women: Prolonged Intermittent Colonization With<i>Escherichia coli</i>" (1980;243:134), the authors are unable to confirm our observations that colonization of the vaginal introitus with Enterobacteriaceae is greater in women susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs), in between episodes of bacteriuria, than it is in control, healthy women who appear resistant to UTIs. Our data are based on findings from introital swab cultures taken at the level of the hymenal ring obtained by a trained nurse. Kunin and associates relied on self-collected, dipstick cultures of the midstream voided urine. Self-collected, voided urine specimens from women include not only periurethral bacteria, but also those bacteria on the labia minora and majora. They may even include organisms from the perineal bridge separating the vagina from the rectum. Such contaminating bacteria should be labeled as perineal, not periurethral. It
The Utilization of the Wastes of Allyl Chloride Production (1972)

Abstract : The present article cites results of the use of hydrogen chloride in the oxidative chlorination of the waste products from the production of allyl chloride. Oxidative chlorination of the allyl chloride byproduct mixture containing 1-chloropropane (0.4), propene (0.7), allyl chloride (30.0), 2-chloropropene (64.6), 1-chloropropene (2.0) and 2-chloropropane (2.5% by wt.) was carried out with a mixture of Cl2 and air (from decomposing HCl gas), in the presence of a fluidized bed catalyst consisting of CuCl2 (5 to 20% by wt.) on pumice. The optimal conditions for the process were determined.
B-TREPID: Batteryless tamper-resistant envelope with a PUF and integrity detection (2018)

Protecting embedded devices against physical attacks is a challenging task since the attacker has control of the device in a hostile environment. To address this issue, current countermeasures typically use a battery-backed tamper-respondent envelope that encloses the entire device to create a trusted compartment. However, the battery affects the system's robustness and weight, and also leads to difficulties with the security mechanism while shipping the device. In contrast, we present a batteryless tamper-resistant envelope, which contains a fine mesh of electrodes, and its complementary security concept. An evaluation unit checks the integrity of the sensor mesh by detecting short and open circuits. Additionally, it measures the capacitances of the mesh. Once its preliminary integrity is confirmed, a cryptographic key is derived from the capacitive measurements that represent a PUF, to decrypt and authenticate the firmware of the enclosed host system. We demonstrate the feasibility of our concept, provide details on the layout and electrical properties of the batteryless envelope, and explain the underlying security architecture. Practical results from a set of manufactured envelopes facilitate future research.
Preparation of polyfunctional allenic alcohols by the regioselective addition of functionalized propargylic chromium(III) organometallics to carbonyl compounds (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of polyfunctional allenic alcohols by the regioselective addition of functionalized propargylic chromium(III) organometallics to carbonyl compoundsKevin Belyk, Michael J. Rozema, and Paul KnochelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 15, 4070–4074Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00041a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00041a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views447Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ayudas públicas en el sector bancario: ¿rescate de unos, perjuicio de otros? (2009)

En el contexto actual de incertidumbre extrema, existen poderosas razones de eficiencia que pueden justificar el recurso a planes de avales publicos y recapitalizaciones preventivas de entidades solventes. Los primeros permiten combatir los graves problemas de informacion asimetrica entre las entidades financieras y sus acreedores. Las segundas permiten a las entidades restablecer el colchon de capital deseado sin tener que recurrir a una contraccion de la oferta de credito, que impediria la realizacion de proyectos rentables, o a una venta masiva de activos que podria tener consecuencias sistemicas. Sin embargo, las recapitalizaciones preventivas presentan serios problemas de competencia que parece que la Comision Europea no ha sabido contrarrestar. Por un lado, este tipo de ayudas publicas distorsiona el riesgo relativo entre entidades beneficiarias y no beneficiarias, encareciendo la financiacion a largo plazo para estas ultimas. Por otro, otorgan una mayor capacidad de implantar estrategias competitivas agresivas que solo son rentables a largo plazo, distorsionando la competencia en los mercados minoristas y de banca corporativa.
Influences and Reduction of the Stress caused at Edges of ZnO Film on the Glass Substrate for SAW Device (1993)

This paper relates to ZnO thin films applied to SAW filters as consumer electronic products. The sputtering processes were investgated under consideration with mechanical deformations such as cracks at ZnO edges of the glass substrates. A new metal mask were designed and introduced into the ZnO sputtering processes to resolve the problems such as the ripples in the SAW filter responses due to reflections at the free edge of ZnO film and the glass cracks occured at the film edge after or during ZnO sputtering. It was cleared that the new metal mask had great effects on their troubles.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Benzodiazepines (1985)

Four hybridoma lines secreting monoclonal antibodies to benzodiazepines were produced after BALB/c mice were immunized with a benzodiazepine-bovine serum albumin conjugate. The monoclonal antibodies were purified from ascites fluids, and their binding affinities for benzodiazepines and other benzodiazepine receptor ligands were determined. These antibodies have very high binding affinities for diazepam, flunitrazepam, Ro5-4864, Ro5-3453, Ro11-6896, and Ro5-3438 (the KD values are in the 10(-9) M range). However, these antibodies have low affinities for the benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonists (beta-carbolines) and antagonists (Ro15-1788 and CGS-8216).
Analysis of the quantity and causes of outages in LV/MV electrical grids (2020)

The paper considers the quantity and causes of outages in electric grids of low and medium voltages using the example of an electric grid of a regional power supply company. The main types of damage to the equipment of power lines and transformer substations were identified. Data on other areas of rural and urban electric grids are also analyzed. The main directions for reducing the quantity of outages in electric grids are proposed based on this analysis. Among them, there are the use of isolated wires in power transmission lines, the improvement of design of switching devices, switches and terminals of transformers, the application of technical condition diagnostics, the disaggregating of power lines and the increase of protection sensitivity of power lines. Most of the causes of equipment damage can be prevented by increasing the maintenance level of this equipment.
Sustained improvement in tolerance to water deficit accompanies maize yield increase in temperate environments (2022)

Abstract Studies at a regional scale suggest that although maize ( Zea mays L.) yield increased substantially, sensitivity to water deficit also increased concurrently with crop improvement. This study assessed changes in yield and yield stability after two decades of breeding by evaluating two cohorts of hybrids released by the AQUAmax program and comparing them to a non‐AQUAmax control. Studies were conducted in 2019 and 2020 seasons at four sites under well‐watered, moderate and severe stress conditions. Plant densities varied from 2.5 to 12.5 pl m−2. AQUAmax hybrids yielded more than non‐AQUAmax hybrids under water deficit conditions with the magnitude of the difference dependent on plant density. The sensitivity in yield across environments with a wide range of total crop evapotranspiration (350–800 mm) was lower for AQUAmax than non‐AQUAmax, so both yield and yield under stress conditions (yield stability), were enhanced for AQUAmax hybrids. The median differences between observed yields and the 80% quantile yield–evapotranspiration front were 379 for AQUAmax and 427 g m −2 for non‐AQUAmax hybrids. We conclude that deliberate selection of hybrids for yield performance under water deficit underpinned the sustained improvement in yield stability after two decades of drought breeding. Future research should focus on understanding the root causes for the suboptimal utilization of drought tolerant maize for the diversity of environments at a regional scale.
Dual Reaming Reduces Vibration in Deepwater Well (2015)

Abstract Simultaneous drilling and enlargement is common in deepwater Gulf of Mexico projects. It controls equivalent circulating density, manages pore pressure anomalies, and ensures that casing strings and liners reach total depth (TD). Common hole-enlargement-while-drilling (HEWD) bottomhole assemblies (BHAs) place a concentric hydraulic underreamer above the rotary steerable system (RSS) and measurement-while-drilling/logging-while-drilling (MWD/LWD) package. Although this placement is effective, it could leave up to 200 ft (61 m) of under gauge rathole at TD, which often leads to a dedicated trip to eliminate the rathole. This underreamer placement with the bit off bottom also has limited underreaming capabilities because of vibration caused by drill string instability. These vibrations typically make underreaming an existing pilot hole more difficult than simultaneous drilling and reaming. On a job for a sidetracked well in the Gulf of Mexico, a drilling team had challenges in a 12 1/4- × 14 1/2-in. section. The team encountered significant vibration and torque when underreaming 423 ft (129 m) of an existing 12 1/4-in. pilot hole in a salt section. After this operation proved unsuccessful, due to low rate of penetration (ROP) caused by severe torque spikes and high shocks and vibrations, the team opted for an alternative solution to achieve the section objectives. The team designed a unique BHA that included two intelligent underreamers. The first placed above the MWD assembly, and the second placed below the MWD assembly. Historically, placing underreamers below the MWD package and near the bit creates problems because the inside diameter (ID) of the MWD/LWD tools restricts balls that activate the underreamer, and flow-operated underreamers can prematurely activate or fail to activate. In the new dual-reamer design, radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology provided the capability of activating and opening each underreamer and underreaming with both simultaneously. Wiring through the underreamer below the MWD package connected the rotary-steerable and MWD tools for communication. The team ran the RFID underreamer below the MWD/LWD package and activated the cutter blocks at the correct depth. The team used both reamers concurrently to ream the 423-ft (129-m) section and then tripped into the hole using the upper reamer to continue drilling the below-salt formation. The operation continued as planned until 500 ft (152 m) before the planned well depth. At that point, downhole problems resulted in losing the BHA in the hole, cementing the openhole interval, and sidetracking the well. The innovative dual-reamer design delivered a stable BHA to enlarge a wellbore section in one run, which could not have been done using a conventional ball-drop underreamer and BHA design. The drill string operated at 15,000 ft-lb (20,337 N∙m) less torque spikes than with the previous design.