gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed genetic algorithms for the floorplan design problem (1991)

Designing a VLSI floorplan calls for arranging a given set of modules in the plane to minimize the weighted sum of area and wire-length measures. A method of solving the floorplan design problem using distributed genetic algorithms is presented. Distributed genetic algorithms, based on the paleontological theory of punctuated equilibria, offer a conceptual modification to the traditional genetic algorithms. Experimental results on several problem instances demonstrate the efficacy of this method and indicate the advantages of this method over other methods, such as simulated annealing. The method has performed better than the simulated annealing approach, both in terms of the average cost of the solutions found and the best-found solution, in almost all the problem instances tried.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Calcium Imaging of Cortical Neurons using Fura-2 AM (2009)

Calcium imaging is a common technique that is useful for measuring calcium signals in cultured cells. Calcium imaging techniques take advantage of calcium indicator dyes, which are BAPTA-based organic molecules that change their spectral properties in response to the binding of Ca2+ ions. Calcium indicator dyes fall into two categories, ratio-metric dyes like Fura-2 and Indo-1 and single-wavelength dyes like Fluo-4. Ratio-metric dyes change either their excitation or their emission spectra in response to calcium, allowing the concentration of intracellular calcium to be determined from the ratio of fluorescence emission or excitation at distinct wavelengths. The main advantage of using ratio-metric dyes over single wavelength probes is that the ratio signal is independent of the dye concentration, illumination intensity, and optical path length allowing the concentration of intracellular calcium to be determined independently of these artifacts. One of the most common calcium indicators is Fura-2, which has an emission peak at 505 nM and changes its excitation peak from 340 nm to 380 nm in response to calcium binding. Here we describe the use of Fura-2 to measure intracellular calcium elevations in neurons and other excitable cells.
Developing the ‘Beckett Digital Manuscript Project’ (2019)

Dirk Van Hulle and Vincent Neyt report on the Beckett Digital Manuscript Project. Its purpose is to reunite the manuscripts of Samuel Beckett’s works in a digital way, and to facilitate genetic research: the project brings together digital facsimiles of documents that are now preserved in different holding libraries, and adds transcriptions of Beckett’s manuscripts, tools for bilingual and genetic version comparison, a search engine, and an analysis of the textual genesis of his works.
The involvement of interleukin-1 and interleukin-4 in the response of human annulus fibrosus cells to cyclic tensile strain: an altered mechanotransduction pathway with degeneration (2011)

Both IL-1 and IL-4 are involved in the response of AF cells derived from nondegenerative tissue to 1.0-Hz cyclic tensile strain. Interestingly, the altered response observed at 1.0-Hz in AF cells from degenerative tissue appears to be independent of either cytokine, suggesting an alternative mechanotransduction pathway in operation.
Transplant Outcomes for Patients with Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Arising From Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) (2018)

Background: Secondary acute myeloid leukemia is one of the most dreaded complications of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) is the only curative option, though post-SCT outcomes for this subset of patients remain uncharacterized. Methods: All patients with AML arising from MPN who underwent SCT at MD Anderson Cancer Center (Jan 2001-Feb 2017) were included. Patient demographics and clinical parameters were obtained from medical records. Standard statistical methods were used. Results: Out of 54 patients that underwent SCT, 5 underwent SCT twice. Only the data for the first SCT was included. Patients receiving cord blood or haploidentical SCT (n = 11) were excluded. Finally, 43 unique SCT events were included in the study. Clinical characteristics are shown in Table 1. The median time to SCT from MPN and AML diagnosis was 42 months (6-511) and 5 (.4-27) respectively. Pre SCT, 16% patients received both JAK2 inhibitor (JAK2i) and hypomethylating agent (HMA).Table 1Clinical CharacteristicsCharacteristicsValue (N = 43)Age in years, median (range)59 (14-72)Sex, N (%)Female12 (28)Male31 (72)Pre-SCT % blasts, median (range)Bone marrow5 (0-86)Peripheral1.5 (0-68)Pre-SCT line of chemotherapy, median (range)1 (0-5)Donor Type, N (%)Matched related17 (40)Matched unrelated26 (60)Cell Source, N (%)BM9 (21)PB34 (79)HCT-CI, median (range)4 (0-11)≤429 (67)>414 (33)Melphalan in conditioning regimen, N (%)Yes14 (33)No29 (67)Pre SCT, N (%)7 + 329 (67)Ara-C7 (16)JAK2i9 (21)HMA10 (23)Treatment with JAK2i/HMA pre-SCT, N (%)No/No31 (72)Yes/No2 (5)No/Yes3 (7)Yes/Yes7 (16) Open table in a new tab Four (9.3%) patients had early death, 1 (2.3%) had engraftment failure, and 38 (88.4%) patients engrafted. The median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 13 (8-24) and 22 (8-215) days. Twenty-eight patients died with AML recurrence being the most common cause of death (n = 17, 61%). The median follow-up in patients alive was 41 months (5-170). The median PFS and OS were 6 and 15 months respectively. At 4 years, PFS, OS, non-relapse mortality, and progression were 31% (17-46), 38% (22-53), 24% (14-47), and 43% (30-62) respectively. The factors predicting reduced risk of progression on multivariate analysis were matched unrelated donors (versus sibling donors, hazard ratio (HR) .36, P = .03) and the inclusion of melphalan in conditioning regimen (versus no melphalan, HR .2, P = .01). There was a trend for improved PFS at 1-year (HR .3, P = .08, Figure 1) for those treated with JAK2i + HMA pre-SCT. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was noted in 19 (46%) of 41 evaluable patients (Gr 1, n = 2, Gr 2, n = 15, Gr 3, n = 3). Chronic GVHD was seen in 16 (44%) of 35 evaluable patients. Conclusions: SCT is a safe and effective for patients with AML arising from MPN. The combination therapy with JAK2i and HMA pre-SCT may improve PFS post-SCT. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
The Determination of Defective Particle Fraction in High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Fuels (1977)

The fuel for the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor consists of uranium and thorium species in the form of microspheres encapsulated in layers of pyrolytic carbon and silicon carbide and bonded into fuel rods. An important characterization of these particles is the fraction in a particular sample or rod that may have defective coatings that would allow the release of gaseous and metallic fission products. In the chlorine leach method for this determination, the fuel exposed by defective coatings is volatilized as the heavy metal chlorides at 1000°C. This method is now adapted for the examination of irradiated fuel rods in a hot cell. It is also extended to chlorinations at 1500°C by induction heating, permitting the rapid examination (2 to 3 h) of unirradiated fuel rods.
EXAFS studies of uteroferrin and its anion complexes (1993)

Iron K-edge X-ray absorption data on the purple acid phosphatase from porcine uterus (uteroferrin, Uf) have been obtained for the native reduced enzyme and for the oxidized enzyme in its phosphate- and arsenate-bound forms. In all three complexes, the first sphere consists of 1.5 N/O at ∼1.94 Å, 4 N/O at ∼2.1 Å, and 0.5-1 N/O at ∼2.4 Å; in no complex is found an Fe-O bond of ∼1.8 Å which would derive from a μ-oxo bond. The ∼1.94-Å shell corresponds to Fe-OAr and Fe-μ-OH(or R) bonds. The ∼2.1-Å shell arises from histidine, carboxylate, oxoanion, and solvent ligation. The scatterer at ∼2.4 Å is associated with a chelated carboxylate residue. The second-sphere analysis for Uf, indicates an Fe-Fe distance of 3.52 Å, similar to those found for semimethemerythrin azide, methane monooxygenase, and related model complexes, which suggests the presence of a (μ-hydroxo or a1koxo)diiron unit supported by a carboxylate bridge. On the basis of the EXAFS analysis and other spectroscopic data, it is proposed that tyrosine and histidine are terminal ligands to the Fe(III) center, and histidine and the chelated carboxylate coordinate to the Fe(II) center, with solvent molecules completing the diiron coordination sphere. This proposed active site is slightly modified from that found for the R2 protein of ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli and suggested for the hydroxylase component of methane monooxygenase. The diiron cores of Ufo.PO4 and Ufo.AsO4 are significantly different from that of Uf,. Given the absence of a 1.8-Å bond, the diferric sites are not oxo-bridged, a conclusion also corroborated by the small intensity of the 1s → 3d preedge features in these complexes. The Fe-Fe distances of ∼3.2-3.3 Å found for Ufo.PO4 and Ufo.AsO4 must then arise from an Fe2(OR)2 core. The observed Fe-P (3.17 ÅI and Fe-As (3.41 Å) distances correspond to Fe-O-P(As) angles indicative of a bidentate bridging oxoanion which supports the Fe2O2 core.
Finite Element Modeling of the Axial Collapse of Foam-Filled Structures (2002)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Pattern-Stabilized Decorated Polar Liquid-Crystal Fibers (2012)

Geometric frustration gives rise to new fundamental phenomena and is known to yield the formation of exotic states of matter, such as incommensurate crystals, modulated liquid-crystalline phases, and phases stabilized by defects. In this Letter, we present a detailed study of polar structure of freely suspended fluid filaments in a polarization modulated liquid-crystal phase. We show that a periodic pattern of polarization-splay stripes separated by defect boundaries and decorating smectic layers can stabilize the structure of fluid fibers against the Rayleigh-Plateau instability. The instability is suppressed by the resistance of the defect structure to a radial compression of the cylindrical fibers. Our results provide direct experimental observation of a link between the stability of the liquid fibers, internal polar order, and geometrical constraints. They open a new perspective on a wide range of fluid polar fiber materials.
Adjuvant properties and colonization potential of adhering and non-adheringLactobacillusspp. following oral administration to mice (2002)

This study aimed to determine whether adhesive strains of Lactobacillus possessed an increased ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract and to examine the adjuvant capacities of these strains for the 50000 molecular-mass fragment C of tetanus toxin (TTFC) following oral administration. The three strains used in this study showed different patterns of adhesion to tissue from all regions of the gastrointestinal tract, with two strains adhering in high numbers and one strain showing negligible association with all tissue types. The colonization patterns in the gastrointestinal tract of C57BL/6 mice following oro-gastric dosing was also monitored, and it was found that adhesive Lactobacillus strains could be detected for at least 24 h, in association with either fecal material and/or with gastrointestinal tissue or contents. In addition, mice were given an oro-gastric dose of the lactobacilli (5 x 10(8) colony forming units) with TTFC (10 and 50 micro g), and the serum-specific IgM and IgG antibody responses monitored in serum. The adhesive strains, which persisted within the gastrointestinal tract for at least 24 h, showed enhanced antigen-specific serum IgG and IgM antibody responses in comparison to a non-adhesive strain that failed to be detected in the gastrointestinal tract. Adhesion to the gastrointestinal tract is a factor affecting the capacity of lactobacilli to persist within the gastrointestinal tract and to act as an adjuvant for orally administered antigen.
A Key Role of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease (2018)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Although there are many medications available to treat the symptoms in PD patients, these medications cannot reverse the progress of the disease. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) plays a key role in the inflammation which is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. The present study was undertaken to examine whether sEH plays a role in the pathogenesis of PD. MPTP (1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine)‐induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the striatum and substance nigra (SNr) of mice could be attenuated by subsequent repeated administration of TPPU, a potent sEH inhibitor. Furthermore, deletion of sEH gene protected against MPTP‐induced neurotoxicity in the striatum and SNr. Moreover, the treatment with TPPU or deletion of sEH gene attenuated and protected the MPTP‐induced ER stress and oxidative stress in the striatum. In addition, expression of sEH protein in the striatum from MPTP‐treated mice and patients with dementia of Lewy body (DLB) was higher than controls. Overexpression of sEH after AAV injection into the striatum significantly enhanced MPTP‐induced neurotoxicity in this region. Interestingly, expression of sEH mRNA in the neuron from iPS cells from PD patients was higher than that of healthy control subjects, and treatment with TPPU could protect against neurotoxicity in the neurons from iPS cells of PD patients. The present results suggest that sEH plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PD, and that epoxy fatty acids, their mimics as well as sEH inhibitors could be potential therapeutic or prophylactic drugs for PD. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Age-Related EEG Features of Bursting Activity During Anesthetic-Induced Burst Suppression (2020)

Electroencephalographic (EEG) Burst Suppression (BSUPP) is a discontinuous pattern characterized by episodes of low voltage disrupted by bursts of cortical synaptic activity. It can occur while delivering high-dose anesthesia. Current research suggests an association between BSUPP and the occurrence of postoperative delirium in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and beyond. We investigated burst micro-architecture to further understand how age influences the neurophysiology of this pharmacologically-induced state. We analyzed a subset of EEG recordings (<i>n</i> = 102) taken from a larger data set previously published. We selected the initial burst that followed a visually identified "silent second," i.e., at least 1 s of iso-electricity of the EEG during propofol induction. We derived the (normalized) power spectral density [(n)PSD], the alpha band power, the maximum amplitude, the maximum slope of the EEG as well as the permutation entropy (PeEn) for the first 1.5 s of the initial burst of each patient. In the old patients >65 years, we observed significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.001) EEG power in the 1-15 Hz range. In general, their EEG contained a significantly higher amount of faster oscillations (>15 Hz). Alpha band power (<i>p</i> < 0.001), EEG amplitude (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and maximum EEG slope (<i>p</i> = 0.045) all significantly decreased with age, whereas PeEn increased (<i>p</i> = 0.008). Hence, we can describe an age-related change in features during EEG burst suppression. Sub-group analysis revealed no change in results based on pre-medication. These EEG changes add knowledge to the impact of age on cortical synaptic activity. In addition to a reduction in EEG amplitude, age-associated burst features can complicate the identification of excessive anesthetic administration in patients under general anesthesia. Knowledge of these neurophysiologic changes may not only improve anesthesia care through improved detection of burst suppression but might also provide insight into changes in neuronal network organization in patients at risk for age-related neurocognitive problems.
Conductivity of GRCop-42 Alloy Enhanced (2004)

GRCop-84, a material developed at the NASA Glenn Research Center, has shown considerable promise for staged combustion rocket engine cycles such as the Space Shuttle Main Engine. However, for an expander cycle rocket engine, the transfer of heat to the fuel is a paramount factor in determining the efficiency of the engine. Examples of current and potential future expander cycle rocket engines are the Pratt &amp; Whitney RL-10, RL-60, and RLX engines. Development of a higher conductivity version of GRCop-84 was undertaken to meet these needs. All expander cycle engines need a main combustion chamber liner with the maximum possible thermal conductivity. In an effort at Glenn to trade some of the greatly increased mechanical properties of GRCop-84 for improved thermal conductivity, the amounts of chromium and niobium were halved. The new Cu-4 at.% Cr-2 at.% Nb alloy was designated GRCop-42.
Autonomous Aerosondes for Economical Atmospheric Soundings Anywhere on the Globe (1992)

Considerable interest in the use of autonomous aircraft for atmospheric measurements in remote and hazardous areas worldwide has arisen over recent years. Their application in tropical cyclone reconnaissance is under study by the World Meteorological Organization and the International Council for Scientific Unions under the United Nations International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. More diverse experiments, particularly for stratospheric operations, are being planned by agencies in the United States. The aerosonde can provide an economical and flexible element in these international initiatives. The concept is for a small aircraft (weighing less than 20 kg) with on-board meteorological sensors to provide radiosonde-quality observations at any location on the globe. Individual missions could span several thousand kilometers and several days' duration, using the Global Positioning System for autonomous navigation, and satellite relay for data return and flight-plan updates. With a supercharged engine, the aerosonde could make soundings from sea level to 100 hPa and back in a cycle of about 4 h. Aerosondes flying such profiles in routine wide-scale use are expected to achieve a per-sounding cost competitive with that of balloon-borne radiosondes, but with much greater flexibility of operation.
Isolation, Structural Assignment, and Synthesis of N-(2-Methyl-3-oxodecanoyl)-2-pyrroline, a New Natural Product from Penicillium brevicompactum with in Vivo Anti-Juvenile Hormone Activity (1998)

A new natural product with in vivo anti-juvenile hormone (JH) activity, N-(2-methyl-3-oxodecanoyl)-2-pyrroline (2), has been isolated from Penicillium brevicompactum Dierckx. Its structure has been tentatively assigned based on spectral data and unambiguously confirmed by alternative syntheses. Compound 2 has been prepared by means of a sequence of reactions beginning with acylation of Meldrum's acid by octanoyl chloride. The subsequent steps have been aminolysis of the resultant intermediate with pyrrolidine, alkylation of the active position with iodomethane, introduction of a methoxy group in the pyrrolidine ring by anodic oxidation, and final elimination of methanol through adsorption on SiO2 and heating. The natural product 2 and its bicyclic isomer 2-heptyl-3-methyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,1-b]-1,3-oxazine (3) are also obtained. This reveals that 2 can be biogenetically related to the recently discovered brevioxime (1). Compound 2 and the synthetic precursors of 2 have shown important biological activities as insecticides (against Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas) and fungicides. The natural product induces precocious metamorphosis in the target insect (70% precocious adults at 10 μg/nymph). In view of the above results, these products could be useful as lead molecules for the synthesis of analogues with enhanced biological activities.
Identification of Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Prediction of Renal Recovery in the Intensive Care Unit (2023)

Purpose: Acute kidney injury (AKI) following sepsis is associated with higher mortality; however, reliable biomarkers for AKI development and recovery remain to be elucidated.Materials and Methods: Patients with sepsis admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of Severance Hospital between June 2018 and May 2019 were prospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into those with and without AKI within 48 hours.Patients with septic AKI were subdivided into AKI-recovery and non-recovery groups based on whether their kidney injury recovered within 7 days.Results: A total of 84 patients were enrolled.The baseline creatinine (2.9 mg/dL vs. 0.8 mg/dL vs. 1.2 mg/dL, p<0.001),Charlson Comorbidity Index (4.5 vs. 2.0 vs. 3.0, p=0.002),Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (10.0 vs. 6.5 vs. 8.0, p<0.001), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (32.0 vs. 21.5 vs. 30.5,p=0.004) were higher in the non-recovery AKI group compared to the non-AKI and AKI-recovery groups.The Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that non-recovery from AKI was associated with lower survival (p<0.001).High-lactate (p0.05) and kynurenine levels (p0.05) were associated with non-recovery of renal function following AKI.The areas under the curve for predicting non-recovery from AKI were 0.693 and 0.721 for lactate and kynurenine, respectively.The survival rate was lower in the high-kynurenine (p=0.040) and high-lactate (p=0.010)groups. Conclusion:The mortality of patients who recovered from AKI was comparable to that of patients without AKI.Lactate and kynurenine could be useful biomarkers for the diagnosis and recovery of AKI following sepsis.
Diagonal Antiferromagnetic Easy Axis in Lightly Hole DopedY1−xCaxBa2Cu3O6 (2003)

Hole induced changes in the antiferromagnetic structure of a lightly Ca doped Gd:Y(1-x)CaxBa2Cu3O6 copper oxide single crystal with x approximately 0.008 is investigated by Gd3+ electron spin resonance. Holes do not localize to Ca2+ ions above 2.5 K since the charge distribution and spin susceptibility next to the Ca2+ are independent of temperature. Both hole doped and pristine crystals are magnetically twinned with an external magnetic field dependent antiferromagnetic domain structure. Unlike the undoped crystal, where the easy magnetic axis is along [100] at all temperatures, the easy direction in the hole doped crystal is along the [110] diagonal at low temperatures and changes gradually to the [100] direction between 10 and 100 K. The transition is tentatively attributed to a magnetic anisotropy introduced by hole ordering.
Homogeneous Catalysts and Catalysis (2002)

Abstract The title topic is discussed in relation to general principles of coordination chemistry. Thermodynamics and kinetics are covered, as are the concepts of catalytic cycle, multiphase methods, rapid screening, and combinatorial chemistry as well as general mechanistic studies and types of catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 7,13‐BRIDGED ARACHIDONIC ACID ANALOGS (1984)

Abstract Durch Reduktion des trans‐Diesters (Ia) mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid erhält man das Diol (Ib), das nach Swern zum trans‐Dialdehyd (II) oxidiert wird.