gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unbiased Gradient Estimation for Distributionally Robust Learning (2020)

Seeking to improve model generalization, we consider a new approach based on distributionally robust learning (DRL) that applies stochastic gradient descent to the outer minimization problem. Our algorithm efficiently estimates the gradient of the inner maximization problem through multi-level Monte Carlo randomization. Leveraging theoretical results that shed light on why standard gradient estimators fail, we establish the optimal parameterization of the gradient estimators of our approach that balances a fundamental tradeoff between computation time and statistical variance. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our DRL approach yields significant benefits over previous work.
A micromethod of measuring osmotic pressure (1934)

A modified thermal method of measuring vapour-pressure is described, with which osmotic pressures of aqueous solutions can be determined, accurate within a fraction of 1 per cent., on quantities as small as 0.1 mg.
Interface‐Induced Modulation of Charge and Polarization in Thin Film Fe3O4 (2013)

Charge and polarization modulations in Fe3 O4 are controlled by taking advantage of interfacial strain effects. The feasibility of oxidation state control by strain modification is demonstrated and it is shown that this approach offers a stable configuration at room temperature. Direct evidence of how a local strain field changes the atomic coordination and introduces atomic displacements leading to polarization of Fe ions is presented.
摩羯“校园行”之数码版 (2005)

摩羯座，深思谨慎，自制力强，有强烈的责任感，也有很强的判断力和审美观，不喜欢作无谓的浪费，产当领导者的好材料……看到一月刊的小摩羯一定都在酝酿怎么过生日最吧？那你想过要一款数码产品来犒劳犒劳自己吗？这应跟SUGAR JJ和小干GG一起来看吧！
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF 2‐HYDROXYCHROMANONES BY PROTON NMR SPECTROSCOPY (1981)

Abstract Ringschluß‐Reaktion der o‐Hydroxyacetophenone (I) mit Ethylformiat gibt die Hydroxychromanone (II), die überwiegend als cis/trans‐Gemische vorliegen.
Una aproximación a Big Data (2014)

Big Data puede ser considerada como una tendencia en el avance de la tecnología que ha abierto la puerta a un nuevo enfoque para la comprensión y la toma de decisiones, que se utiliza para describir las enormes cantidades de datos (estructurados, no estructurados y semi- estructurados) que sería demasiado largo y costoso para cargar una base de datos relacional para su análisis. Así, el concepto de Big Data se aplica a toda la información que no puede ser procesada o analizada utilizando herramientas o procesos tradicionales. En términos generales, Big Data y los procesos que dicha técnica representa tiene un amplio espectro de aplicaciones potenciales. El mayor desafío para la inversión en Big Datas se produce con relación a los proyectos vinculados a la toma de decisiones sobre una gran cantidad de datos en la toma de decisiones, definición de estrategias y la obtención de mejores experiencias sobre los actos de consumo de las personas. El desafío de Big Data consiste en capturar, almacenar, buscar, compartir y agregar valor a los datos poco utilizados o inaccesibles hasta la fecha. No es relevante el volumen de datos o su naturaleza. Lo que importa es su valor potencial, que sólo las nuevas tecnologías especializadas en Big Data pueden explotar. En última instancia, el objetivo de esta tecnología es aportar y descubrir un conocimiento oculto a partir de grandes volúmenes de datos.Overall Big Data can be seen as a trend in the advancement of technology has opened the door to a new approach to understanding and decision making, which is used to describe huge amounts of data (structured, unstructured and semi-structured) it would take too long and would be costly to load a relational database for analysis. So that, the concept of Big Data applies to all information that can»t be processed or analyzed using traditional tools or processes. Broadly, Big Data has a broad spectrum of potential applications. The biggest challenge for investment in Big Data is provided with adequate and trained to execute these projects and make a large amount of data into decisions, strategies and best consumer experiences people. The Challenge of Big Data is to capture, store, search, share, and add value to underutilized or inaccessible data to date and one of the interesting aspects of Big Data is that businesses and this kind of data stored on a key that is not yet been given the appropriate interpretation. No data volume or nature that matters, but their potential value, which only art technologies of Big Data may explode. Ultimately, the aim with this technology is to discover hidden knowledge from large volumes of data.
Abstract LB-437: ICA-1: A novel PKC-i inhibitor inhibits the proliferation of prostate cancer cells (2011)

Abstract Prostate cancers are highly lethal tumors and besides skin cancer, prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among men in the United States. Approximately one third of men diagnosed with cancer each year will have prostate cancer. Certain prostate cancers are highly lethal tumors due to the emergence of therapy-resistant prostate cancer cells. PKC-iota (PKC-ι) is an oncogene and an atypical protein kinase C isoform that confers resistance to drug-induced apoptosis in cancer cells (J. Biol. Chem. 272; 44: 27521–27524). PKC is of special interest since it is overexpressed in prostate cancers (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106:16369–16374). The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of inhibiting PKC-ι on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in-vitro. The methodology involved treating androgen sensitive LnCap cells and androgen independent Du-145 with the novel PKC-ι inhibitor [1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide, 5-amino-1-[2,3-dihydroxy-4-[(phosphonooxy) methyl]cyclopentyl]-[1R-(1α, 2β, 3 β, 4 α)] (ICA-1) that targets a unique sequence (amino acid residues 469–475) in the catalytic domain of PKC-ι. Cell viability and number was quantified 24–72 hours following addition of either vehicle control or ICA-1 by Trypan blue exclusion. Additional ICA-1 was not added to the cells following the initial treatment. Results showed that at 24 hours post treatment, ICA-1 decreased the proliferation of LnCap cells by 46% (10 μM) and 83% (20 μM). ICA-1 reduced the proliferation of Du-145 cells at 24 hours by 43% (10 μM) and 51% (20 μM). The overexpression of PKC-ι in prostate cancer and the anti-proliferative effects of ICA-1 may translate into using PKC-i detection as a biomarker to identify patients that may benefit from anti-PKC-ι therapy with ICA-1 for personalized medicine. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-437. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-437
A structural study of metal complexes of bisphosphonate partial ester derivatives (2008)

9 1 with =92.602(2) . The final R value is 0.0258 for 2795 reflection measured. The X-ray analysis shows that benzene-1,3-diamine fragment in proton transfer compound is not contribute in the molecular structure of complex. The molecular structure consists of two metal fragments linked via the central four membered Sn2O2 ring. Each of two Sn atoms is coordinated by the chelate (pydc) 2-ligand, one bridging oxygen atom of carboxylate group, two terminal methyl group and as well as by one terminal ethoxy group. Therefore, the coordination number is seven for each central atom and distorted pentagonal bipyramid geometry is observed around the tin atoms.
Hydrolysis of an Organophosphate Ester by Manganese Dioxide (2001)

Amorphous manganese dioxide facilitates the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate to p-nitrophenol and orthophosphate despite insignificant adsorption of p-nitrophenyl phosphate or p-nitrophenol to the manganese dioxide. At pH 8, the orthophosphate product is released into solution; at pH 4 and pH 6, some remains adsorbed. The rate of hydrolysis is an order of magnitude more rapid than the same reaction facilitated by iron oxides. Because manganese dioxides are ubiquitous components of soils and sediments, this suggests the possibility of significant abiotic pathways for the formation of bioavailable orthophosphate from phosphate ester precursors.
A kinematic-based ILC controller for robotic manipulators (2016)

In this paper, a closed-loop ILC for a 5-DOF robotic manipulator with kinematic controller is addressed. Firstly, characteristics of the robotic manipulator and the kinematic controller are discussed. A PD-type closed-loop ILC is put forward for the manipulator. Convergence of the algorithm can be obtained by choosing the learning matrices properly. Considering that the mechanical model may be not accurate enough, the tracking error at the end-effector is adopted as the feedback of the algorithm to reduce the influence of mechanical error, which differents from the common error measuring methods. At the last, the proposed method is implemented to a 5-DOF robotic manipulator model. Simulation results show that even if the learning matrices are set as linear time-invariant, the tracking error turns to be zero after several times of iterations, and the proposed control method based on kinematic controller turns to be effective.
Transglutaminases (2005)

Transglutaminases are a family of structurally and functionally related enzymes that are widely distributed and have been identified in a variety of organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals and plants. The reactions (isopeptide bonds) catalyzed by these enzymes are of great physiologic significance; they are highly stable and resistant to proteol
Chilblains‐like lesions and SARS‐CoV ‐2 in children: An overview in therapeutic approach (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Coronavirus, type 2) is the virus responsible for the global pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that began in China in December 2019. The variability of nasal olfactory symptoms in pediatric patients is interlinked with possible warning signs, including respiratory, gastrointestinal, ocular, or dermatological symptoms. Skin findings in patients with COVID-19 can range from petechiae to papulovesicular rashes to diffuse urticaria and can be confused with rashes of non-COVID-19 conditions. These lesions typically appear early during COVID-19 and are thought to be secondary to viral replication or circulating cytokines. Herein, we discuss two pediatric cases, presenting with skin lesions, which tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, thus, briefly reviewing current literature for similar reports and related management. Although these lesions heal spontaneously in most cases, an adequate "targeted" therapeutic approach can shorten the time and the discomfort of the skin disease.
Voting Methods and Information Exchange in Group Support Systems (2006)

Voting tools in Group Support Systems (GSS) have been considered valuable assets in groups’ decision processes. One important aspect of voting is the method of conducting the vote. Research in Social Choice Theory (SCT) has shown that different voting methods can lead to different voting outcomes. However, SCT seldom addresses how a voting method affects decision making processes. Voting methods interacting with the computation power and communication capability in GSS can also affect decision processes and outcomes. This paper reviews theories about voting methods and their implications to GSS. A classification of voting methods based on information exchange is proposed to examine the effect of voting methods on groups’ decision processes.
Distinctive phorbol ester-induced morphological and surface antigen changes in mycosis fungoides, the Sézary syndrome, and adult T-cell leukemia. (1984)

Clinical and pathological studies of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) reveal variations in tumor cell morphology and surface membrane phenotype that are of diagnostic and prognostic importance. Our study investigates blastic transformation and surface antigen change on CTCL cells in vitro under the influence of tumor-promoting phorbol ester (TPA) and phytohemagglutinin. Both agents transformed tumor cells with cerebriform nuclei into blast cells within 5 days; however, Sézary cells were somewhat resistant to transformation with phytohemagglutinin. Multinucleated cells with prominent nucleoli resembled Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease. These morphological changes simulated the appearance of the aggressive tumor stage of mycosis fungoides. During blastic transformation, the erythrocyte rosette receptor was induced by TPA on sheep erythrocyte-rosette-negative Sézary cells from one patient. During the first 24 hr in vitro, Sézary and MF cells stimulated by TPA lost Leu 3a (T4) antigen while maintaining original high levels of Leu 1 antigen. In contrast, leukemia cells from patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) were resistant to modulation of Leu 3a antigen by TPA; 3A1 antigen on CTCL and ATL cells was unaffected by TPA. Blastic transformation of CTCL cells was observed with both TPA and phytohemagglutinin, but helper T-cell antigen Leu 3a (T4) and erythrocyte rosette receptor changes occurred only with TPA. Thus, blastic transformation and surface differentiation were not directly related. These results provide a possible model for the study of blastic transformation and surface antigen/receptor variation in CTCL. They also may provide an independent test for the distinction of CTCL and ATL in vitro. Finally, they illustrate the relative resistance of ATL to surface antigen modulation as previously shown for Tac antigen modulation by anti-Tac antibody.
An operon containing the genes for cholesterol oxidase and a cytochrome P-450-like protein from a Streptomyces sp (1990)

The nucleotide sequence of the promoter region of the gene for cholesterol oxidase (choA) from Streptomyces sp. strain SA-COO was determined. We found an open reading frame (choP) that is located between a potential promoter sequence and the structural gene for the ChoA protein. Deletion analysis showed that the promoter region for choP is essential for expression of the choA gene. Mappings of S1 nuclease and primer extension of transcripts generated in vivo suggested that the synthesis of mRNA starts at a site 41 bases upstream from the ATG initiation codon of the choP gene. By Northern (RNA) blot analysis of the transcripts, we found a 2.9-kilobase transcript that is identical in size to the total sequence of the choP and choA genes. These results suggest that the two genes, choP and choA, are transcribed polycistronically under the control of the promoter that is upstream from the structural gene for choP. The choP gene encodes a protein of 381 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 41,668. The nucleotide sequence of the choP gene has a high degree of similarity to the sequence of the genes for cytochrome P-450s from humans and Pseudomonas species. A region of homology with the cytochrome P-450s from various organisms was identified in the choP protein and may represent a region associated with a binding site for heme iron. Analysis of the CO difference spectrum of an extract of Streptomyces lividans cells that carry a plasmid which includes the choP gene revealed a unique peak, characteristic of cytochrome P-450, which is identical to that obtained with the parent strain.
Gorilla gorilla gorilla gut: a potential reservoir of pathogenic bacteria as revealed using culturomics and molecular tools (2014)

Wild apes are considered to be the most serious reservoir and source of zoonoses. However, little data are available about the gut microbiota and pathogenic bacteria in gorillas. For this propose, a total of 48 fecal samples obtained from 21 Gorilla gorilla gorilla individuals (as revealed via microsatellite analysis) were screened for human bacterial pathogens using culturomics and molecular techniques. By applying culturomics to one index gorilla and using specific media supplemented by plants, we tested 12,800 colonies and identified 147 different bacterial species, including 5 new species. Many opportunistic pathogens were isolated, including 8 frequently associated with human diseases; Mycobacterium bolletii, Proteus mirabilis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium botulinum. The genus Treponema accounted for 27.4% of the total reads identified at the genus level via 454 pyrosequencing. Using specific real-time PCR on 48 gorilla fecal samples, in addition to classical human pathogens, we also observed the fastidious bacteria Bartonella spp. Borrelia spp., Coxiella burnetii and Tropheryma whipplei in the gorilla population. We estimated that the prevalence of these pathogens vary between 4.76% and 85.7%. Therefore, gorillas share many bacterial pathogens with humans suggesting that they could be a reservoir for their emergence.
Multi-photon Photoemission and Ultrafast Electron Heating in Cu Photocathodes at Threshold (2018)

Operating photocathodes near the photoemission threshold holds the promise of yielding small intrinsic emittance, at the cost of significantly reduced quantum efficiency. In modern femtosecond photoemission electron sources, this requires a very high intensity (10s of GW/cm²) to extract a useful quantity of electrons. At this intensity, the electron occupation function is far from equilibrium and evolves rapidly on sub-ps timescales. Thus, ultrafast laser heating and multiphoton photoemission effects may play a significant role in emission, thereby increasing the minimum achievable emittance. In this work, we use a Boltzmann equation approach to calculate the non-equilibrium occupation function evolution in time for a copper photocathode, yielding a prediction of quantum efficiency and mean transverse energy as a function of input intensity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxy‐3‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines from N‐Hydroxytryptophans. An Approach to the Eudistomin Series. (1987)

Abstract The tryptophan esters (I) react with the acetals (II) or the aldehydes (IV) to form the annulation products (III) and (V).
Efficacy and safety of tolvaptan therapy for edema in patients with nephrotic syndrome (2018)

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan therapy for edema in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS).


Methods
Twelve patients with NS who had normal serum sodium and blood volume were enrolled. All of them were treated with oral tolvaptan of 15-30 mg per day for 7 days. The diuretic effects were observed and the adverse reactions including electrolyte disorders (especially hypernatremia), low blood volume, thromboembolic complications, and acute kidney injury were closely monitored.


Results
The average urine volume was significantly increased (F=5.792, P<0.001) and the body weight was significantly decreased (F=24.086, P<0.001) from the first day of tolvaptan therapy until the end of the treatment. The average serum sodium levels were significantly increased from the second day of tolvaptan therapy until the end of the treatment (F=2.790, P=0.012), but only 3 case-times (3.6%) among the total 84 case-times of serum sodium tests showed mild hypernatremia (the highest level 146.5 mmol/L) and all the hypernatremia returned back to normal after suspending tolvaptan for one day. There were no significant changes in the serum potassium levels (F=0.477, P=0.849) within the whole treatment course. There was also no significant difference of the blood volume between the level at the end of treatment and the baseline level [(74.3±3.0) ml/kg vs (74.9±3.0) ml/kg, P=0.855]. The thromboembolic complications and acute kidney injury both also did not take place.


Conclusions
As long as a rational and prudent treatment regimen is applied, tolvaptan has good diuretic effects and safety for treatment of edema in the NS patients with normal serum sodium and blood volume.


Key words: 
Nephrotic syndrome; Diuresis; Hypernatremia; Tolvaptan; Serum volume
Produção de celulases por fermentação semi-sólida do bagaço de cana submetido a direrentes [diferentes] pré-tratamentos. (2013)

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-19T23:32:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1\nProci08.00158.pdf: 1570000 bytes, checksum: 57f00cdb17b68f42ec04839dff491ad7 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2008-12-15
Über eine Erweiterung der Monte‐Carlo‐Methode zur Lösung linearer Randwert‐probleme zweiter und dritter Art (1972)

Abstract Die sequentielle Monte‐Carlo‐Methode mit Informationsspeicherung wird angewendet auf Randwertprobleme zweiter und dritter Art, indem die Randbedingungen iterativ durch Relaxation aus dem Gitterinnern realisiert werden. Als Spezialfall ist im Verfahren die Anwendung der sequentiellen Monte‐Carlo‐Methode auf Randwertprobleme erster Art enthalten.
Acute otitis externa: an update. (2012)

Acute otitis externa is a common condition involving inflammation of the ear canal. The acute form is caused primarily by bacterial infection, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus the most common pathogens. Acute otitis externa presents with the rapid onset of ear canal inflammation, resulting in otalgia, itching, canal edema, canal erythema, and otorrhea, and often occurs following swimming or minor trauma from inappropriate cleaning. Tenderness with movement of the tragus or pinna is a classic finding. Topical antimicrobials or antibiotics such as acetic acid, aminoglycosides, polymyxin B, and quinolones are the treatment of choice in uncomplicated cases. These agents come in preparations with or without topical corticosteroids; the addition of corticosteroids may help resolve symptoms more quickly. However, there is no good evidence that any one antimicrobial or antibiotic preparation is clinically superior to another. The choice of treatment is based on a number of factors, including tympanic membrane status, adverse effect profiles, adherence issues, and cost. Neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone preparations are a reasonable first-line therapy when the tympanic membrane is intact. Oral antibiotics are reserved for cases in which the infection has spread beyond the ear canal or in patients at risk of a rapidly progressing infection. Chronic otitis externa is often caused by allergies or underlying inflammatory dermatologic conditions, and is treated by addressing the underlying causes.
A Novel Assistive Controller Based on Differential Geometry for Users of the Differential-Drive Wheeled Mobile Robots (2022)

Certain wheeled mobile robots e.g., electric wheelchairs, can operate through indirect joystick controls from users. Correct steering angle becomes essential when the user should determine the vehicle direction and velocity, in particular for differential wheeled vehicles since the vehicle velocity and direction are controlled with only two actuating wheels. This problem gets more challenging when complex curves should be realized by the user. A novel assistive controller with safety constraints is needed to address these problems. Also, the classic control methods mostly require the desired states beforehand which completely contradicts human's spontaneous decisions on the desired location to go. In this work, we develop a novel assistive control strategy based on differential geometry relying on only joystick inputs and vehicle states where the controller does not require any desired states. We begin with explaining the vehicle kinematics and our designed Darboux frame kinematics on a contact point of a virtual wheel and plane. Next, the geometric controller using the Darboux frame kinematics is designed for having smooth trajectories under certain safety constraints. We experiment our approach with different participants and evaluate its performance in various routes.
Interferometric side scan sonar : a tool for high resolution sea floor exploration (2002)

International audience
Boosting glutamatergic tone in infralimbic -but not prelimbic- cortex evokes antidepressant-like effects in rats through AMPA receptor activation (2016)

Trabajo presentado en Neuroscience 2016, celebrado en San Diego, California, del 12 al 16 de noviembre de 2016