gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of Brown Cane Sugar Solutions by Ultrafiltration with Ceramic Membranes: Investigation of Membrane Fouling (2000)

This paper describes the purification and decoloration of brown cane sugar solutions by ultrafiltration with multichannel 2.5 mm inner diameter ceramic membranes of 15 kDa cutoff. Filtration tests were carried out at concentrations of 30, 40, and 50°Brix, a temperature of 60°C, and 3 and 5 m/s velocities. The permeate flux at 100 kPa decays continuously during 8 hours, reaching at the end 20 L/h·m2 at 30°Bx and 6 L/h·m2 at 50°Bx. Higher fluxes were obtained at 300 kPa. The permeate coloration stabilized at 1000 I.U. (ICUMSA units) from a retentate at 2400 I.U., representing a 58% decoloration rate. A comparison was made with microfiltration using a 0.1-μm ceramic membrane. The permeate flux in this case was much higher, decaying from 140 to 100 L/h·m2 in 8 hours for 30°Bx. In order to reduce membrane fouling, other ultrafiltration tests were performed by superimposing velocity and pressure pulsations of 1 Hz frequency at the membrane inlet. A gain in permeate flux became significant (20%) after 3 hours of filtration. The permeate coloration was not augmented by the pulsations. Attempts to characterize this fouling and to determine its origin were made by comparing the variation of permeate flux or filtered volume versus time with existing fouling models. Best fits were achieved with cake filtration and pore narrowing models.
Attitudes and experience of urology trainees in interpreting prostate magnetic resonance imaging (2020)

While mpMRI of the prostate is a tool frequently used by care teams in teaching centers to identify suspicious prostate cancer lesions, there remain knowledge gaps in the ability of trainees to interpret images and understand PI-RADS v2 scoring. Online modules were suggested to balance the needs of trainee education with the residency workflow.
The application of acoustic pyrometry to gas temperature measurement and mapping (1993)

CODEL have developed a system which allows accurate temperature measurement, reliably and continuously, with the facility to produce high resolution temperature maps. This process, which is rugged and non-contact, is known as acoustic pyrometry. A detailed study of the internal temperature profiles can give a previously unseen picture of the inside of the operating furnace. Acoustic pyrometry uses the velocity of sound in the gases within the furnace to calculate the temperature. By using an array of acoustic transducers placed around the enclosure, mean temperatures along a variety of paths can be determined and from that data a temperature profile map computed.
Light-focusing plastic rod prepared by photocopolymerization of methacrylic esters with vinyl benzoates (1976)

A new preparation method of a light-focusing plastic rod (LFR) is reported, where the photocopolymerization of methacrylic esters (M1) such as methyl methacrylate (MMA) with vinyl benzoates (M2) such as vinyl benzoate (VB), vinyl o-chlorobenzoate, and vinyl o,p-dichloro-benzoate was carried out. The M1-M2 mixture placed in a glass tube was exposed to uv light by rotating a glass tube about its axis. LFR prepared from a MMA-VB pair has a quadratic gradient constant with a refractive index A= (3∼11) ×10−3 mm−2, an internal loss of light transmission IL= (3∼12) dB/m, and a ratio of the radius of the imaging region to the rod radius (ri/rp) =0.5∼0.7.
SAR imaging in automotive scenarios (2022)

The principal element of interest concerning the use of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology in the automotive scenario is the possibility to synthesize an arbitrarily long array by exploiting the natural motion of the ego-vehicle, and therefore achieve much finer spatial resolution and improved detection capabilities without increasing hardware requirements in terms of number of physical antennas. In this paper, we discuss the application of SAR imaging in the automotive context under a theoretical and experimental perspective. Experimental results are shown based on open road campaign data acquired using an 8-channel Radar at 77 GHz, considering the cases of side-looking SAR, forward SAR, and SAR imaging of moving targets. Results corroborate the idea that SAR imaging could be successfully and systematically used in the near future for high-resolution mapping of the urban environment.
Genetics of individual differences in bitter taste perception: lessons from the PTC gene (2004)

The ability or inability to taste the compound phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is a classic inherited trait in humans and has been the subject of genetic and anthropological studies for over 70 years. This trait has also been shown to correlate with a number of dietary preferences and thus may have important implications for human health. The recent identification of the gene that underlies this phenotype has produced several surprising findings. This gene is a member of the T2R family of bitter taste receptor genes. It exists in seven different allelic forms, although only two of these, designated the major taster and major non-taster forms, exist at high frequency outside sub-Saharan Africa. The non-taster allele resides on a small chromosomal region identical by descent, indicating that non-tasters are descended from an ancient founder individual, and consistent with an origin of the non-taster allele preceding the emergence of modern humans out of Africa. The two major forms differ from each other at three amino acid positions, and both alleles have been maintained at high frequency by balancing natural selection, suggesting that the non-taster allele serves some function. We hypothesize that this function is to serve as a receptor for another, as yet unidentified toxic bitter substance. At least some of the remaining five haplotypes appear to confer intermediate sensitivity to PTC, suggesting future detailed studies of the relationships between receptor structure and taste function.
Thin polycrystalline SiGe films by aluminium‐induced layer exchange (2004)

Recent results concerning the aluminium-induced crystallization of thin SiGe alloy films are reviewed. This crystallization process can be employed throughout the entire alloy range and results in polycrystalline material without a significant amount of phase separation. The structural, optical, and electronic properties of the polycrystalline SiGe films have been determined by a variety of techniques and for different Ge contents. The use of such films in thin film solar cells is discussed. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mining vehicle classifications from the Columbus Metropolitan Freeway Management System (2015)

Vehicle classification data are used in many transportation applications, including: pavement design, environmental impact studies, traffic control, and traffic safety. Ohio has over 200 permanent count stations, supplemented by many more short-term count locations. Due to the high costs involved, the density of monitoring stations is still very low given the lane miles that are covered. This study leveraged the deployed detectors in the Columbus Metropolitan Freeway Management System (CMFMS) to collect and analyze classification data from critical freeways where the Traffic Monitoring Section has not been able to collect much classification data in the past due to site limitations. The CMFMS was deployed in an unconventional manner because it included an extensive fiber optic network, frontloading most of the communications costs, and rather than aggregating the data in the field, the detector stations sent all of the individual per-vehicle actuations (i.e., PVR data) to the traffic management center (TMC). The PVR data include the turn-on and turn-off time for every actuation at each detector at the given station. The authors' group has collected and archived all of the PVR data from the CMFMS for roughly a decade. The PVR data allow the authors to reprocess the original actuations retroactively. As described in this report, the research undertook extensive diagnostics and cleaning to extract the vehicle classification data from detectors originally deployed for traffic operations. The work yielded length based vehicle classification data from roughly 40 bi-directional miles of urban freeways in Columbus, Ohio over a continuous monitoring period of up to 10 years. The facilities span I-70, I-71, I-270, I-670, and SR-315, including the heavily congested inner-belt. Prior to this study, these facilities previously had either gone completely unmonitored or were only subject to infrequent, short-term counts.
Methods for assessing the antioxidative activity of aquatic food compounds (2014)

Aquatic organisms offer an enormous resource for novel bioactive compounds such as lipids, proteins, peptides, polysaccharides,pigments, polyphenols, minerals, and vitamins. Many of these bioactive compounds possess extremely good antioxidative capacity that might find applications as functional ingredients in food products, food supplements or even as new drug candidates. This chapter focuses on how to measure the antioxidative activity of aquatic food compounds. Methods such as the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydraxyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging capacity assay, the Trolox® equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, the total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) assay, and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay have been widely reported in the literature for measuring the antioxidative capacity of aquatic food or aquatic food compounds. In this context it is important to realize that a reductant is not always an antioxidant; only those compounds which are capable of protecting a biological system are antioxidants.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Michael Addition of Cyclic β‐Ketoester on Conjugated Acetylenic Ketone. (1987)

Abstract Base‐catalyzed intramolecular Michael addition of the ester‐ynones (I) yields the enones (II).
Reactions of bis(trifluoromethyl) trioxide (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of bis(trifluoromethyl) trioxideFrederick A. Hohorst, Darryl D. DesMarteau, L. R. Anderson, D. E. Gould, and W. B. FoxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 12, 3866–3869Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00793a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views260Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (523 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Will Hsp90 Inhibitors Prove Effective in BRAF-Mutant Melanomas? (2012)

The RAF inhibitor vemurafenib has unprecedented activity in BRAF-mutant melanomas, but resistance invariably develops. As Hsp90 is required for the stability of several of the oncoproteins that mediate RAF inhibitor resistance, inhibitors of this cellular chaperone may be effective in patients with intrinsic or acquired resistance to RAF inhibitors.
The potential role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration: a critical overview (2005)

Low-back pain is the most common health problem for men and women between 20 and 50 years of age, resulting in 13 million doctor visits in the US annually, with significant costs to society in terms of lost time from work and direct and indirect medical expenses. Although the exact origin of most cases of low-back pain remains unknown, it is understood that degenerative damage to the intervertebral disc (IVD) plays a central role in the pathogenic mechanism leading to this disorder. Current treatment modalities for disc-related back pain (selective nerve root blocks, surgical discectomy and fusion) are costly procedures aimed only at alleviating symptoms. Consequently, there is growing interest in the development of novel technologies to repair or regenerate the degenerated IVD. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been found to possess the capacity to differentiate into nucleus pulposus-like cells capable of synthesizing a physiological, proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix characteristic of healthy IVDs. In this article, the authors review the use of MSCs for repopulation of the degenerating IVD. Although important obstacles to the survival and proliferation of stem cells within the degenerating disc need to be overcome, the potential for MSC therapy to slow or reverse the degenerative process remains substantial.
A FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING A FUTURE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENDA (1995)

Clear thinking speaking, and writing about the future transportation research agenda is essential because this agenda, both basic and applied, along with a clear understanding of the processes linking it to successful application, must frame and facilitate new technological developments. These developments can, and must, make more effective the transportation systems on which the social, environmental, and economic dimensions of society increasingly depend. We must keep in mind, however, that (1) what transportation professionals look back on as great progress, many citizens look back on as haunted (a past filled with transportation-related injustices) and (2) there is a problem in gaining public support for change. So how are we to proceed? Can we do better? Can we reconnect with principles and posit a vision and processes to drive development of a transportation research agenda--an agenda that is (a) responsive to public concerns and expectations, (b) technically competent, and (c) future oriented and that produces innovative products? Finally, can we agree on performance assessment measures to enhance output from future transportation research? The remainder of this paper discusses these complex and necessary elements and describes several research programs worthy of emulation. Sub-headings are as follows: Reconnecting with Principles; A Principle-Based Vision for Transportation Research; Getting the Processes Right; Shaping Transportation Research Agendas; Recommended Framework for Future Transportation Research Agendas; Performance Measures; Programs Illustrative of Concepts; and Concluding Thoughts.
Therapeutic activity of GARP:TGF-β1 blockade in murine primary myelofibrosis (2022)

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the clonal expansion of myeloid cells, notably megakaryocytes (MKs), and an aberrant cytokine production leading to bone marrow (BM) fibrosis and insufficiency. Current treatment options are limited. TGF-β1, a profibrotic and immunosuppressive cytokine, is involved in PMF pathogenesis. While all cell types secrete inactive, latent TGF-β1, only a few activate the cytokine via cell type-specific mechanisms. The cellular source of the active TGF-β1 implicated in PMF is not known. Transmembrane protein GARP binds and activates latent TGF-β1 on the surface of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) and MKs or platelets. Here, we found an increased expression of GARP in the BM and spleen of mice with PMF and tested the therapeutic potential of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that blocks TGF-β1 activation by GARP-expressing cells. GARP:TGF-β1 blockade reduced not only fibrosis but also the clonal expansion of transformed cells. Using mice carrying a genetic deletion of Garp in either Tregs or MKs, we found that the therapeutic effects of GARP:TGF-β1 blockade in PMF imply targeting GARP on Tregs. These therapeutic effects, accompanied by increased IFN-γ signals in the spleen, were lost upon CD8 T-cell depletion. Our results suggest that the selective blockade of TGF-β1 activation by GARP-expressing Tregs increases a CD8 T-cell-mediated immune reaction that limits transformed cell expansion, providing a novel approach that could be tested to treat patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Measurement of zeranol in plasma from three blood vessels in steers implanted with zeranol1 (1993)

Zeranol (Z) is a widely used growth promotant; however, plasma Z profiles in cattle implanted with Z have not been characterized. This study was conducted to determine bovine plasma Z profiles. In Exp. 1, four steers (BW = 284.8 +/- 5.6 kg) were implanted with 108 mg of Z (Ralgro). To determine the effect of sampling site on plasma Z concentrations, blood was sampled by venipuncture from the maxillary vein ipsilateral (IMV) to the ear in which Z was implanted and from the ipsilateral (IJV) and contralateral (CJV) jugular veins of each steer. Samples were collected on d 1, 4, 6, 8, 11, and 13 after implantation and Z was assayed by RIA. There was an effect of sampling site (P < .01). The overall mean plasma Z concentrations and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each vessel were 282 (CI: 172 to 463), 135 (CI: 85 to 215), and 67 (CI: 42 to 106) pg/mL for the IMV, IJV, and CJV, respectively. Plasma Z concentration was higher (P < .05) in IMV than in IJV and higher (P < .05) in IJV than in CJV. In Exp. 2, nine steers (BW = 316.7 +/- 10.0 kg) were implanted with 108 mg of Z and IMV blood was collected on d 0, 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 28, 35, 42, 56, 63, 73, and 91 after implantation. Day affected plasma Z concentration (P < .01); plasma Z was elevated above preimplantation levels for 91 d (P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Drug delivery formulation impacts cyclosporine efficacy in a humanised mouse model of acute graft versus host disease (2021)

Acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) is an allogeneic T cell mediated disease which manifests as a severe inflammatory disease affecting multiple organs including the liver, skin, lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Existing prophylactic and therapeutic approaches in aGvHD include the use of cyclosporine A (CyA), however the currently approved CyA formulations which were designed to optimise systemic CyA bioavailability can have a number of side effects including nephrotoxicity as well as the potential to attenuate the beneficial Graft-versus-Leukemia (GvL) effect. An added complication with CyA is that it has a narrow therapeutic window, and following oral administration is absorbed only from the small intestine, with variable cytochrome P450 metabolism contributing to intra- and inter-patient variability. This study sought to investigate the efficacy of a novel CyA oral formulation enabled by the integrated SmPill® oral drug delivery platform in a humanised mouse model of aGvHD. The study compared the approved optimised CyA (Neoral®) with SmPill®-enabled CyA and a systemic intravenous CyA formulation. Our findings clearly demonstrate superior efficacy of the novel SmPill® CyA in prolonging survival in a clinically relevant humanised aGvHD model. SmPill® CyA significantly reduced pathological score in the small intestine, colon, liver and lung of aGvHD mice. In addition, SmPill® CyA significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in all the GvHD target tissues examined. Notably, SmPill® CyA was significantly more potent in reducing GvHD associated pathology and inflammatory cytokine production compared to the optimised approved oral CyA formulation, Neoral®.
Levodopa response in early Parkinson's disease (2009)

To further characterize the short-term levodopa response in early PD, we performed a retrospective analysis of the ELLDOPA study which randomized 361 early PD subjects to placebo, levodopa 150, 300, or 600 mg/day. We evaluated change in UPDRS motor scores (UPDRSm) from baseline to weeks 9 and 24, and identified changes in UPDRSm that best discriminated treatment with levodopa from placebo. Linear regressions were used to determine associations between baseline characteristics and changes in UPDRSm. Mean percent improvement in UPDRSm in levodopa-treated subjects was greater than that for placebo-treated subjects (27.4% vs. 5.8% at 9 weeks, P < 0.001 and 26.2% vs. 4.0% at 24 weeks, P < 0.001). UPDRSm change at 9 weeks ranged from -92.9% (improvement) to 85.7% (worsening) for levodopa and -86.7% to 160% for placebo, and at 24 weeks ranged from -100.0% to 242.9% for levodopa and -87.5% to 112.5% for placebo. UPDRSm improvements of 22.0% at 9 weeks and 23.8% at 24 weeks best discriminated treatment with levodopa 300 mg/day (a common initial maintenance dosage in clinical practice) from placebo. Significant associations were not observed between baseline subject characteristics and magnitude of response from baseline to week 24. We conclude that although levodopa treatment significantly improved PD signs when compared with placebo, there was a wide range and considerable overlap in clinical responses to levodopa and placebo. A substantial proportion of subjects with early PD did not experience a robust response to levodopa. An improvement in UPDRSm of approximately 22% best discriminated levodopa treatment from placebo.
ISO 14000 and Its Perceived Impact on Corporate Performance (2014)

ISO14000 is an international environmental standard that acts as a guideline for companies to improve its performance in environmental aspects. Researches related to ISO14000 shows that the implementation has not only improved companies’ environmental performance, but this has also enhanced companies’ corporate performance. In this research, a project is carried out to determine the benefits and costs of ISO14000, which necessitates the inspections of companies’ performance in corporate and environmental aspects. A questionnaire survey was carried out to achieve this and s the results from the survey shows that ISO14000 had an excellent performance in environmental aspects such as reducing waste and usage of materials and energy. In the business aspects, however, the performances were average due to high time expense for this system maintenance and cost of certification and surveillance.
Characterization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) Produced by CO Disproportionation on Co−Mo Catalysts (2002)

The disproportionation of CO over Co−Mo/SiO2 catalysts with low Co/Mo ratios results in a high selectivity to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) when the reaction is conducted between 700 and 950 °C in a flow of pure CO at a total pressure between 1 and 5 atm. A detailed characterization involving Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that the product of this process has a high concentration of SWNTs. Depending on the temperature of operation, the selectivity and nanotube diameter can be varied.
The BCH-NTMAC for Noisy Message Authentication (2006)

We present a new message authentication code (MAC) called the BCH-NTMAC. The BCH-NTMAC improves on the recently developed CRC-NTMAC and the NTMAC. Similar to the CRC-NTMAC and the NTMAC, the BCH-NTMAC can tolerate a modest number of errors, such as might be caused by a noisy communications channel. Moreover, all these new NTMACs provide estimates of the number and the locations of the errors. However, the BCH-NTMAC has a much lower false acceptance probability as the CRC-NTMAC does. It also provides a much better error number estimation than both the CRC-NTMAC and the NTMAC do. The BCH-NTMAC is not based on cryptographic hash functions and a security analysis under a chosen message attack is developed to verify its security.