gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Degenerate Mirrorless Optical Parametric Oscillator (2019)

A mirrorless optical parametric oscillator (MOPO) is a very special class of optical parametric oscillators, where the feedback for oscillation is realized by counter-propagating second-order nonlinear interaction without a need for external mirrors. This arrangement makes the MOPO a very simple, self-aligned and robust oscillator. The MOPO was first proposed theoretically in 1966 however its realization was only possible using the quasi-phase matching (QPM) approach due to requirement for compensation of large momentum mismatch in such interactions. Realization of first-order counter-propagating parametric oscillation requires structures with periodicity in the sub-pm range, which poses substantial fabrication challenges. In addition to its self-aligned nature, MOPO offers unique spectral properties, whereby the spectral contents of the pump are transferred to the forward wave, while the backward wave remains narrowband. So far, only nondegenerate MOPO oscillation has been demonstrated. However, it has been theoretically proposed that a degenerate MOPO could be used to realize a high-brightness biphoton source for quantum optics applications.
Optimization of detection of bacterial endotoxin in plasma with the Limulus test. (1990)

Detection and quantification of bacterial endotoxin in plasma by the Limulus amebocyte lysate test (or other assays for endotoxins) is hindered by the presence of inhibitors. Treatment of plasma to overcome inhibitory activities is required before plasma can be successfully assayed for endotoxin. We have conducted an investigation comparing the three most commonly used procedures (dilution-heating, trifluoroacetic acid oxidation, and chloroform extraction) for treatment of plasma before its assay for endotoxin with the chromogenic Limulus test. Initially, conditions were optimized for treatment of plasma by each of these methods. Subsequently, a direct comparison of the three plasma treatment procedures was performed with plasma spiked with known concentrations of endotoxin. The optimized dilution-heating procedure resulted in the most sensitive detection of endotoxin, with sensitivity approximately 10 times greater than the optimized trifluoroacetic acid oxidation procedure and approximately 100 times greater than treatment of plasma by chloroform extraction. Maximal detection of low concentrations of endotoxin by the chromogenic Limulus test was obtained by dilution of plasma fourfold with 0.15 mol/L NaCl followed by heating at 60 degrees C for 30 minutes. This procedure was simple, rapid, and did not involve addition of any reagents to plasma that could potentially add contaminating endotoxin.
Specifying graphical modeling systems using constraint-based meta models (2002)

Embedded computer-based systems are becoming highly complex and difficult to implement due to the large number of concerns designers must address. These systems are tightly coupled to their environments, requiring an integrated view that encompasses both the information system and its physical surroundings. Mathematical analysis of such systems requires formal modeling of both "sides", including their interaction. There exist a number of suitable modeling techniques for describing both the information system component and physical environment, but the best choice changes from domain to domain. We propose a two-level approach to modeling that introduces a meta-level representation. Meta-level models define modeling languages, but they can also be used to capture subtle interactions between domain level models. We show how the two-level approach can be supported with computational tools, and what kinds of novel capabilities are offered.
Potential antidepressants: 6-(Aminoalkoxy)dibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10(11H)-ones and 6-(aminoalkoxy)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-ols (1989)

Sodium salts of 6-hydroxydibenzo[ b,f ]thiepin-10(11 H )-one and its 2-chloro derivative were reacted with hydrochlorides of 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride, 2-(piperidino)ethyl chloride, 3-dimethylaminopropyl chloride, and 3-(piperidino)propyl chloride in ethanol in the presence of sodium ethoxide which resulted in the title compounds IIa, IIb, IVa, Va, Vb , and VIIa . The tertiary amines IIa, IIb , and Va were partially demethylated via the carbamates VIIIa, VIIIb , and IXa to the secondary amines IIIa, IIIb , and VIa . The amino ketones IIa and Va were reduced to the amino alcohols XII and XIII . With the exception of compound Va (hydrochloride VÚFB-15 515), the products lacked completely the expected pharmacological profile of potential antidepressants.
Place cells and place navigation (1997)

The assumption that hippocampal place cells (PCs) form the neural substrate of cognitive maps can be experimentally tested by comparing the effect of experimental interventions on PC activity and place navigation. Conditions that interfere with place navigation (darkness, cholinergic blockade) but leave PC activity unaffected obviously disrupt spatial memory at a post-PC level. Situations creating a conflict between egocentric and allocentric orientation (place navigation in the Morris water maze filled with slowly rotating water) slow down spatial learning. PC recording in rats searching food pellets in a rotating arena makes it possible to determine which firing fields are stable relative to the room (allocentrically dependent on sighted extramaze landmarks), to the surface of the arena (dependent on egocentric path integration mechanisms and intra-arena cues), or disappear during rotation. Such comparison is made possible by the computerized tracking system simultaneously displaying a rat's locomotion and the respective firing rate maps both in the room reference and arena reference frames. More severe conflict between allocentric and egocentric inputs is produced in the field clamp situation when the rat searching food in a ring-shaped arena is always returned by rotation of the arena to the same allocentric position. Ten-minute exposure to this condition caused subsequent disintegration or remapping of 70% PCs (n = 100). Simultaneous examination of PC activity and navigation is possible in the place avoidance task. A rat searching food in a stationary or rotating arena learns to avoid an allocentrically or egocentrically defined location where it receives mild electric footshock. In the place preference task the rat releases pellet delivery by entering an unmarked goal area and staying in it for a criterion time. Both tasks allow direct comparison of the spatial reference frames used by the PCs and by the behaving animal.
Cesium lead iodide solar cells controlled by annealing temperature (2017)

An inorganic lead halide perovskite film, CsPbI<sub>3</sub>, used as an absorber in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) was optimized by controlling the annealing temperature and the layer thickness. The CsPbI<sub>3</sub> layer was synthesized by one-step coating of CsI mixed with PbI<sub>2</sub> and a HI additive in N,N-dimethylformamide. The annealing temperature of the CsPbI<sub>3</sub> film was varied from 80 to 120 °C for different durations and the thickness was controlled by changing the spin-coating rpm. After annealing the CsPbI<sub>3</sub> layer at 100 °C under dark conditions for 10 min, a black phase of CsPbI<sub>3</sub> was formed and the band gap was 1.69 eV. Most of the yellow spots disappeared, the surface coverage was almost 100%, and the rms roughness was minimized to 3.03 nm after annealing at 100 °C. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the CsPbI<sub>3</sub> based PSC annealed at 100 °C was 4.88%. This high PCE value is attributed to the low yellow phase ratio, high surface coverage, low rms roughness, lower charge transport resistance, and lower charge accumulation. The loss ratio of the PCE of the CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>x</sub>Cl<sub>3-x</sub> and CsPbI<sub>3</sub> based PSCs after keeping in air was 47 and 26%, respectively, indicating that the stability of the CsPbI<sub>3</sub> based PSC is better than that of the CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>x</sub>Cl<sub>3-x</sub> based PSC. From these results, it is evident that CsPbI<sub>3</sub> is a potential candidate for solar cell applications.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Intra- and Interindividual Variation in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (2005)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a potential source of biomarkers for many disorders of the central nervous system, including Alzheimer disease (AD). Prior to comparing CSF samples between individuals to identify patterns of disease-associated proteins, it is important to examine variation within individuals over a short period of time so that one can better interpret potential changes in CSF between individuals as well as changes within a given individual over a longer time span. In this study, we analyzed 12 CSF samples, composed of pairs of samples from six individuals, obtained 2 weeks apart. Multiaffinity depletion, two-dimensional DIGE, and tandem mass spectrometry were used. A number of proteins whose abundance varied between the two time points was identified for each individual. Some of these proteins were commonly identified in multiple individuals. More importantly, despite the intraindividual variations, hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling analysis of the proteomic profiles revealed that two CSF samples from the same individual cluster the closest together and that the between-subject variability is much larger than the within-subject variability. Among the six subjects, comparison between the four cognitively normal and the two very mildly demented subjects also yielded some proteins that have been identified in previous AD biomarker studies. These results validate our method of identifying differences in proteomic profiles of CSF samples and have important implications for the design of CSF biomarker studies for AD and other central nervous system disorders.
Comparative platelet binding and kinetic studies with normal and variant factor IXa molecules. (1990)

We have recently shown that thrombin-stimulated human platelets have specific, saturable receptors for factor IXa, occupancy of which promotes factor X activation (Ahmad, S. S., Rawala-Sheikh, R., and Walsh, P. N. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264: 3244-3251, 20012-20016; Rawala-Sheikh, R., Ahmad, S. S., and Walsh, P. N. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 2606-2611). To study the structural requirements for factor IXa binding to platelets, equilibrium binding studies and kinetic studies of factor X activation were carried out with normal factor IXa and with two variant proteins: factor IXaAlabama (FIXaAL; Asp47----Gly substitution) and factor IXaChapel Hill (FIXaCH; Arg145----His substitution). In the absence of factors VIIIa and X, there were 331 binding sites/platelet for FIXaCH (Kdapp = 2.8 nM), and 540 sites/platelet for FIXaAL (Kdapp = 3.2 nM), compared with 540 sites/platelet (Kdapp = 2.3 nM) for normal factor IXa. The addition of factors VIIIa and X, both at saturating concentrations, had no effect on the number of binding sites for either normal or variant factor IXa, resulted in a decrease in the Kd for normal factor IXa to 0.67 nM, resulted in a suboptimal decrease in Kd for FIXaAL (1.4 nM), and had no effect on the Kd for FIXaCH. Kinetic studies of factor X activation at variable factor IXa concentration confirmed these values of Kd in the presence of factors VIIIa and X. Determination of rates of factor X activation at variable substrate concentrations yielded normal values of catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for the variant proteins, thereby indicating that the abnormally low rates of factor X activation obtained were a consequence of the low affinity binding of FIXaAL and FIXaCH to thrombin-activated platelets in the presence of factors VIIIa and X. These studies suggest that the presence of Asp47 and the cleavage of factor IX at Arg145-Ala146 are important structural features required for specific, high affinity factor IXa binding to platelets in the presence of factors VIIIa and X.
Survival of White-Tailed Deer Fawns in Relation to Maternal Age (1990)

Journal Article Survival of White-Tailed Deer Fawns in Relation to Maternal Age Get access L. David Mech, L. David Mech U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD 20708U.S. Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ronald E. McRoberts Ronald E. McRoberts U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD 20708U.S. Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 71, Issue 3, 28 August 1990, Pages 465–467, https://doi.org/10.2307/1381963 Published: 28 August 1990
The 2nd workshop on human aspects of software engineering (HAoSE2010) (2010)

Continuing the OOPSLA 2009 workshop's success, we aim at strengthening the community's interest in and fostering the research on human aspects of software engineering - the focus of this workshop. The importance of this topic stems from the recognition that the more the software world is developed, the more it is accepted by the software engineering community that the people involved in software development processes deserve more attention. In this spirit, this workshop highlights the world of software engineering from the perspective of the main actors involved in software development processes: individuals, teams, customers, organizations, and other stake holders. Needless to say, the code and technology are main actors in this process as well; indeed, they are addressed and analyzed from the human perspective. Since the SPLASH community deals with software engineering processes, it should not neglect their human aspects. The workshop offers one venue in which the topic can be discussed.
The Substitute Brain and the Potential of the Gel Model (2013)

This purpose of this paper is to review the recent history of the use of agarose gels. Although originally confined to electrophoresis work, agarose gels have proven themselves useful to a number of disciplines in the modern world, which includes brain infusion studies for research involving the treatment of various neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's Disease. In reviewing the relevant research leading up to the modern day, this paper attempts to track agarose gels through their stages of accuracy verification, highlighting why they are useful to the neurosurgery discipline and characterizing the nature of their use. Agarose gels do have significant limitations, which are also discussed, but they have substantial potential as a modifiable medium or as a basis of comparison for even more accurate models in the future.
Exploring the necessity of an acidic additive for Pd(ii)-catalyzed exclusive C4-fluoroalkylation of 3-acetylindole: a detailed DFT study on the mechanism and regioselectivity (2019)

The regioselectivity of Pd(<sc>ii</sc>)-catalyzed exclusive C4-fluoroalkylation of 3-acetylindole arises from the transfer of electron density from the substrate to the catalyst.
Parallel branch-and-bound for two-stage stochastic integer optimization (2013)

Many real-world planning problems require searching for an optimal solution in the face of uncertain input. One approach to is to express them as a two-stage stochastic optimization problem where the search for an optimum in one stage is informed by the evaluation of multiple possible scenarios in the other stage. If integer solutions are required, then branch-and-bound techniques are the accepted norm. However, there has been little prior work in parallelizing and scaling branch-and-bound algorithms for stochastic optimization problems. In this paper, we explore the parallelization of a two-stage stochastic integer program solved using branch-and-bound. We present a range of factors that influence the parallel design for such problems. Unlike typical, iterative scientific applications, we encounter several interesting characteristics that make it challenging to realize a scalable design. We present two design variations that navigate some of these challenges. Our designs seek to increase the exposed parallelism while delegating sequential linear program solves to existing libraries. We evaluate the scalability of our designs using sample aircraft allocation problems for the US airfleet. It is important that these problems be solved quickly while evaluating large number of scenarios. Our attempts result in strong scaling to hundreds of cores for these datasets. We believe similar results are not common in literature, and that our experiences will feed usefully into further research on this topic.
Staphylococcus aureus host specificity: comparative genomics of human versus animal isolates by multi-strain microarray (2008)

Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal and pathogen of several mammalian species, particularly humans and cattle. We aimed to (i) identify S. aureus genes associated with host specificity, (ii) determine the relatedness of human and animal isolates, and (iii) identify whether human and animal isolates typically exchanged mobile genetic elements encoding virulence and resistance genes. Using a well-validated seven-strain S. aureus microarray, we compared 56 UK S. aureus isolates that caused infection in cows, horses, goats, sheep and a camel with 161 human S. aureus isolates from healthy carriers and community acquired infections in the UK. We had previously shown that human isolates are clustered into ten dominant and a few minor lineages, each with unique combinations of surface proteins predicted to bind to human proteins. We found that the animal-associated S. aureus clustered into ten lineages, with 61 % assigned to four lineages, ST151, ST771, ST130 and ST873, that were unique to animals. The majority of bovine mastitis was caused by isolates of lineage ST151, ST771 and ST97, but a few human lineages also caused mastitis. S. aureus isolated from horses were more likely to cluster into human-associated lineages, with 54 % of horse-associated S. aureus assigned to the human clusters CC1, CC8 and CC22; along with the presence of some multi-drug resistant strains, this suggests a human origin. This is the most comprehensive genetic comparison of human versus animal S. aureus isolates conducted, and because we used a whole-genome approach we could estimate the key genes with the greatest variability that are associated with host specificity. Several genes conserved in all human isolates were variable or missing in one or more animal lineages, including the well-characterized lineage specific genes fnbA, fnbB and coa. Interestingly, genes carried on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as chp, scn and sak were less common in animal S. aureus isolates, and bap was not found. There was a lot of MGE variation within lineages, and some evidence that exchange of MGEs such as bacteriophage and pathogenicity islands between animal and human lineages is feasible, but there was less evidence of antibiotic resistance gene transfer on the staphylococcal cassette chromosomes (SCC) or plasmids. Surprisingly, animal lineages are closely related to human lineages and only a handful of genes or gene combinations may be responsible for host specificity.
Capturing variability in business process models: the Provop approach (2009)

Usually, for a particular business process different variants exist. Each of them constitutes an adjustment of a reference process model to specific requirements building the process context. Contemporary process management tools do not adequately support the modeling of such process variants. Either the variants have to be specified as separate process models or they are expressed in terms of conditional branches within the same process model. Both methods often lead to redundancies making model adaptations a time-consuming and error-prone task. In this article, we discuss selected concepts of the Provop approach for modeling and managing process variants. A particular process variant can be configured at a high level of abstraction by applying a set of well-defined change operations to a reference process model. In particular, this article discusses advanced concepts for the design and modeling of such a reference process model as well as for the adjustments required to configure the different process variants. Altogether, Provop provides a flexible and powerful solution for process variant management. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient three-dimensional Laplace-Fourier domain acoustic-wave simulations using discontinuous finite-difference meshes with embedded boundaries (2018)

We develop embedded boundary and discontinuous mesh methods to handle arbirarily shaped topography and accurately simulate acoustic seismic wave propagation in Laplace-Fourier domain. The purpose of the embedded boundary method is to enhance accurate wave simulation near the surface and the discontinuous mesh method is used to achieve considerable savings in both computation time and memory savings relative to fixed mesh schemes. Presentation Date: Tuesday, October 16, 2018 Start Time: 1:50:00 PM Location: 205A (Anaheim Convention Center) Presentation Type: Oral
Effect of milnacipran on body weight in patients with fibromyalgia (2012)

The majority of patients with fibromyalgia in the milnacipran studies were overweight or obese. Milnacipran was associated with mean weight loss at 3 and 6 months (P < 0.05 versus placebo) and at 12 and 24 months of treatment, with mean changes drifting back to baseline at 30 months (-0.19 kg) and 36-38 months (+0.11 kg, no placebo comparison).
Fatty acid composition and possible health effects of coconut constituents. (2000)

The link between excessive consumption of dietary saturated fats and coronary heart disease (CHD) is now well established. Because of its high content of saturated fatty acids, the consumption of foods containing coconut oil may therefore be a risk factor for CHD. While the fatty acid composition of coconut oil is well established, relatively little is known about the other constituents of coconut: the milk, water, cream and meat fractions. In this study, we show that while the water fraction is low in lipid content, the milk contains about 24% of the fat content of oil and the cream and meat fractions about 34%. The other coconut constituents contain significant amounts of medium-chain triglycerides that are formed from fatty acids of chain length 8:0 to 14:0. It is these fatty acids, primarily 14:0, that are thought to be atherogenic. On the other hand, medium-chain triglycerides may be advantageous under some circumstances in that they are absorbed intact and do not undergo degradation and re-esterification processes. As a result, medium-chain triglycerides provide a ready source of energy and may be useful in baby foods or in diet therapy. Nevertheless, the possible negative effects of the saturated fatty acids and the absence of the essential fatty acid linolenic acid from all coconut constituents suggest that the coconut milk, oil and cream should not be used on a regular basis in adults.
Acetylen‐Cumulen‐Porphyrinoide (1990)

Die Kombination von Porphyrin‐ und Acetylen‐Chemie führt zu interessanten neuen Molekülen. Dies lehrt die Synthese des ersten Acetylen‐Cumulen‐Porphyrinoids 1 , das als gestrecktes Porphycen betrachtet werden kann. magnified image
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Metal‐Binding Properties of Novel “Fullerenocrowns”. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.