gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initial experiments with flexible conductive electrodes for potential applications in cancer tissue screening (2011)

We present initial results on the fabrication and testing of micropatternable conductive nanocomposite polymer (C-NCP) electrodes for tissue impedance measurements. We present these proof-of-concept results as a first step toward the realization of our goal: an improved Electrical Impedance Scanning (EIS) system, whereby tissue can be scanned for cancerous tissue and other anomalies using large arrays of highly flexible microfabricated electrodes. Previous limitations of existing EIS system are addressed by applying polymer based microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology. In particular, we attempt to minimize mechanical skin contact issues through the use of highly compliant elastomeric polymers, and increase the spatial resolution of measurements through the development of microelectrodes that can be micropatterned into large, highly dense arrays. We accomplish these improvements through the development of C-NCP electrodes that employ silver nanoparticle fillers in an elastomer polymer base that can be easily patterned using conventional soft lithography techniques. These new electrodes are tested on conventional tissue phantoms that mimic the electrical characteristics of human tissue. We characterize the conductivity of the electrodes (average resistivity of 7x10<sup>-5</sup> ohm-m +/- 14.3% at 60 wt-% of silver nanoparticles), and further employ the electrodes for impedance characterization via Cole-Cole plots to show that measurements employing C-NCP electrodes are comparable to those obtained with normal macroscopic metal electrodes. We also demonstrate anomaly detection using our highly flexible Ag/AgCl C-NCP electrodes on a tissue phantom.
Characterization of the Brønsted acidity of PtSn/Al2O3surfaces by adsorption of 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine (2022)

The characterization of acid sites on solid catalysts is a key to understanding reaction mechanisms at the molecular level.
Use Of Absorbable Cyanoacrylate Glue To Repair An Open Cystotomy (2002)

An experimental absorbable cyanoacrylate glue has the strength to seal a large cystotomy. The inflammatory response to absorbable glue is similar to that to suture at 12 weeks. Absorbable glue does not promote calcification. These properties may make it a suitable material for replacing or augmenting suture in the urinary tract.
Vascular cognitive impairment in the mouse reshapes visual, spatial network functional connectivity (2020)

Abstract Connectome analysis of neuroimaging data is a rapidly expanding field to identify disease specific biomarkers. Structural diffusion MRI connectivity has been useful in individuals with radiological features of small vessel disease, such as white matter hyperintensities. Global efficiency, a network metric calculated from the structural connectome, is an excellent predictor of cognitive decline. To dissect the biological underpinning of these changes, animal models are required. We tested whether the structural connectome is altered in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment. White matter damage was more pronounced by 6 compared to 3 months. Global efficiency remained intact, but the visual association cortex exhibited increased structural connectivity with other brain regions. Exploratory resting state functional MRI connectivity analysis revealed diminished default mode network activity in the model compared to shams. Further perturbations were observed in a primarily cortical hub and the retrosplenial and visual cortices, and the hippocampus were the most affected nodes. Behavioural deficits were observed in the cued water maze, supporting the suggestion that the visual and spatial memory networks are affected. We demonstrate specific circuitry is rendered vulnerable to vascular stress in the mouse, and the model will be useful to examine pathophysiological mechanisms of small vessel disease. Graphical abstract
Effects of Transition‐Metal Additions on the Properties of AlN (1994)

Transition‐metal oxide additions to AlN ceramics produced no significant deterioration in thermal conductivity. In the present study, TiN, ZrN, TaC, NbC, W, and unidentified Hf phases, found as fine particles located inter‐ and intragranularly, were distributed randomly in the AlN. Phases containing Fe, Co, and Cr, on the contrary, always were located at the three grain points. Most of the added transition‐metal compounds turned the ceramics black or gray. The shading mechanism was attributed to optical absorption by the surfaces of the electrically conductive fine particles and to multiple reflections among these particles.
Pode a genética definir quem deve se beneficiar das cotas universitárias e demais ações afirmativas? (2004)

NESTE TRABALHO nós usamos o instrumental da genética molecular e da genética de populações para estimar quantitativamente a contribuição africana para a formação do povo brasileiro. Examinamos dois compartimentos genômicos: o DNA mitocondrial, de herança matrilínea, e o DNA nuclear, de herança bi-parental. Os estudos mitocondriais revelaram que aproximadamente 30% dos brasileiros autoclassificados como brancos e 80% dos negros apresentam linhagens maternas características da áfrica subsaariana. A partir destes dados, estimamos que pelo menos 89 milhões de brasileiros são afro-descendentes, um número bem superior aos 76 milhões de pessoas que se declararam negros (pretos e pardos) no censo de 2000 do IBGE. As análises de polimorfismos nucleares com marcadores "informativos de ancestralidade" mostraram resultados mais expressivos ainda. Usando estudos de brasileiros autoclassificados como brancos de várias regiões do Brasil, estimamos que aproximadamente 146 milhões de brasileiros (86% da população) apresentam mais de 10% de contribuição africana em seu genoma. Estes números devem ser levados em conta nas discussões sobre ações afirmativas no Brasil, mas em um sentido descritivo e não prescritivo.
Comparison of 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequences of All Xanthomonas Species (1997)

The phylogenetic relationships of all validly described species of the genus Xanthomonas and the type strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were analyzed by sequencing and comparing 16S ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs). The two genera exhibited a mean sequence similarity value of 96.6%, corresponding to differences at 50 nucleotide positions on average. The species of the genus Xanthomonas exhibited relatively high levels of overall sequence similarity; the mean similarity value was 98.2%, which corresponds to an average of 14 mutual nucleotide differences. Within the genus Xanthomonas, a group containing Xanthomonas albilineans, Xanthomonas hyacinthi, Xanthomonas theicola, and Xanthomonas translucens clustered apart from the main Xanthomonas core, whereas Xanthomonas sacchari formed a third phylogenetic lineage. Due to the very restricted variability in 16S rDNA sequences within the genus Xanthomonas, rDNA signatures that have possible diagnostic value for differentiating the Xanthomonas species could not be determined with certainty. When sequence similarities were compared with DNA-DNA pairing data determined previously, there was only a limited correlation. This illustrates the different resolving powers of the techniques for determining phylogenetic hierarchies and for species delineation.
The evolution of rectal and urinary toxicity and immune response in prostate cancer patients treated with two three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy techniques (2011)

Our study demonstrates the association of acute and late damage of the urinary bladder and rectum, with clinical and treatment related factors. The 3DCRT itself does not induce the late GI or GU toxicity and rather reduces the risk of transition from acute to late toxicity. We have described for the first time the correlation between organs at risk, dose-volume parameters, and the immunological profile.
Stable and scalable universal swarms (2013)

Hajek and Zhu recently showed that the BitTorrent protocol can become unstable when peers depart immediately after downloading all pieces of a file. In light of this result, Zhou et al. propose bundling swarms together, allowing peers to exchange pieces across different swarms, and claim that such "universal swarms" can increase BitTorrent's stability region. In this work, we formally characterize the stability region of universal swarms and show that they indeed exhibit excellent stability properties. In particular, bundling allows a single seed with limited upload capacity to serve an arbitrary number of disjoint swarms if the arrival rate of peers in each swarm is lower than the seed upload capacity. Our result also shows that the stability region is insensitive to peers' upload capacity, piece selection policies and number of swarms.
Evaluation of heat-treated wood swelling by differential scanning calorimetry in relation to chemical composition (2004)

Abstract Retification is a heat treatment that decreases the swelling of wood and increases its resistance to fungal attack. In this study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was applied in order to determine the fibre saturation point (FSP) of natural and retified wood. FSP values were used to determine the total swelling of natural and heat-treated wood. The DSC method was compared to the volumetric shrinkage approach. The influence of heat treatment temperature and duration on the swelling of wood was investigated. Relationships between chemical changes and the reduction of swelling were analysed thoroughly. The equivalence of the DSC method and the volumetric shrinkage method is shown. FSP in association with anhydrous density is a good indicator for the evaluation of the overall swelling of heat-treated wood. Reduction of wood swelling with increasing temperature and duration of thermal treatment is often attributed to hemicellulose destruction. This study shows that the reduction of beech wood swelling cannot only be attributed to the disappearance of adsorption sites that goes with hemicellulose destruction. It is suggested that other phenomena such as structural modifications and chemical changes of lignin also play an important role.
Differential Requirement for the SAP-Fyn Interaction during NK T Cell Development and Function (2008)

The adaptor molecule SAP (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated protein) plays a critical role during NK T (NKT) cell development in humans and mice. In CD4(+) T cells, SAP interacts with the tyrosine kinase Fyn to deliver signals required for TCR-induced Th2-type cytokine production. To determine whether the SAP-dependent signals controlling NKT cell ontogeny rely on its binding to Fyn, we used the OP9-DL1 system to initiate structure function studies of SAP in murine NKT cell development. In cultures containing wild-type (WT) hematopoietic progenitors, we noted the transient emergence of cells that reacted with the NKT cell-specific agonist alpha-galactosyl ceramide and its analog PBS57. Sap(-/-) cells failed to give rise to NKT cells in vitro; however, their development could be rescued by re-expression of WT SAP. Emergence of NKT cells was also restored by a mutant version of SAP (SAP R78A) that cannot bind to Fyn, but with less efficiency than WT SAP. This finding was accentuated in vivo in Sap(R78A) knock-in mice as well as Sap(R78A) competitive bone marrow chimeras, which retained NKT cells but at significantly reduced numbers compared with controls. Unlike Sap(R78A) CD4(+) T cells, which produce reduced levels of IL-4 following TCR ligation, alpha-galactosyl ceramide-stimulated NKT cells from the livers and spleens of Sap(R78A) mice produced Th2 cytokines and activated NK cells in a manner mimicking WT cells. Thus, SAP appears to use differential signaling mechanisms in NKT cells, with optimal ontogeny requiring Fyn binding, while functional responses occur independently of this interaction.
EXPLORING FATHER-DAUGHTER RELATIONSHIP IN THE ABHIJNANSAKUNTALAM AND HAMLET (2011)

In Shakespearian dramas, the kingly authority merges with the authority of a father. Shakespeare uses the father-daughter relationship fundamentally to discredit the practice of possession and the attitude of cupidity which was under attack in the Renaissance. During the world’s famous Indian dramatist Kalidasa period, the father was considered to be the head of the family. Kalidasa's immortal works also suggest that counsels of parents and teachers must be obeyed without any hesitation. The present paper is an attempt to explore the intricacies of the father-daughter relationship in the „Abhijnansakuntalam” and „Hamlet”, „Prince of Denmark”
Oriented CoSAPO‐5 Membranes by Microwave‐Enhanced Growth on TiO2‐Coated Porous Alumina (2012)

Plättchen aus der Mikrowelle: Eine einfache Methode zur Herstellung von c-orientierten Cobalt-substituierten Silicoaluminophosphat-5(CoSAPO-5)-Membranen auf porösen Al2O3-Trägern wurde entwickelt. Die mikrowellenaktivierte Züchtung auf einer TiO2-Deckschicht ergab eine ausgerichtete Schicht von CoSAPO-5-Kristallen, die durch sekundäres mikrowellenverstärktes Hydrothermalwachstum in eine defektfreie Membran überführt wurde.
Gateway Placement for Throughput Optimization in Wireless Mesh Networks (2007)

We address the problem of gateway placement for throughput optimization in multi-hop wireless mesh networks. Assume that each mesh node in the mesh network has a traffic demand. Given the number of gateways need to be deployed (denoted by k) and the interference model in the network, we study where to place exactly k gateways in the mesh network such that the total throughput is maximized while it also ensures a certain fairness among all mesh nodes. We propose a novel grid-based gateway deployment method using a cross-layer throughput optimization. Our proposed method can also be extended to work with multi-channel and multi-radio mesh networks. Simulation result demonstrates that our method can effectively exploit the resources available and perform much better than random and fixed deployment methods.
Deformed wing virus is a recent global epidemic in honeybees driven by Varroa mites (2016)

Deformed wing virus (DWV) and its vector, the mite Varroa destructor, are a major threat to the world's honeybees. Although the impact of Varroa on colony-level DWV epidemiology is evident, we have little understanding of wider DWV epidemiology and the role that Varroa has played in its global spread. A phylogeographic analysis shows that DWV is globally distributed in honeybees, having recently spread from a common source, the European honeybee Apis mellifera. DWV exhibits epidemic growth and transmission that is predominantly mediated by European and North American honeybee populations and driven by trade and movement of honeybee colonies. DWV is now an important reemerging pathogen of honeybees, which are undergoing a worldwide manmade epidemic fueled by the direct transmission route that the Varroa mite provides.
The phantom robot: predictive displays for teleoperation with time delay (2002)

An enhanced teleoperation technique for time-delayed bilateral teleoperator control is discussed. The control technique selected for time delay is based on the use of a high-fidelity graphics phantom robot that is being controlled in real time (without time delay) against the static task image. Thus, the motion of the phantom robot image on the monitor predicts the motion of the real robot. The real robot's motion will follow the phantom robot's motion on the monitor with the communication time delay implied in the task. Real-time high-fidelity graphics simulation of a PUMA arm is generated and overlaid on the actual camera view of the arm. A simple camera calibration technique is used for calibrated graphics overlay. A preliminary experiment is performed with the predictive display by using a very simple tapping task. The results with this simple task indicate that predictive display enhanced the human operator's telemanipulation task performance significantly during free motion when there is a long time delay. It appears, however, that either two-view or stereoscopic predictive displays are necessary for general three-dimensional tasks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of Left Atrial Activation in the Intact Human Heart (2003)

Background— The patterns of activation of the human left atrium (LA), how they relate to atrial myocardial architecture, and their role in arrhythmogenesis remain largely unknown. Methods and Results— Left atrial endocardial activation was mapped in 19 patients with a percutaneous noncontact mapping system. Earliest endocardial breakthrough during sinus rhythm (SR) occurred more frequently in the septal (63%, principally posteroseptal) than anterosuperior (37%) LA and varied little with isoproterenol or high right atrial pacing rate. Regardless of site of breakthrough, LA activation was characterized in all patients by propagation around a variably complete line of functional conduction block, descending on the posterior wall from the roof, passing between the ostia of the superior and then inferior pulmonary veins (PVs) before turning septally, passing below the oval fossa, and merging further anteriorly with the septal mitral annulus. Examination of the myocardial architecture in 10 normal adult postmortem hearts revealed an abrupt change in subendocardial fiber orientation along a line following the same course. During episodes of focal initiation of atrial fibrillation (AF), interaction was observed between wavefronts entering the LA from PVs and this functional line of conduction block that resulted in LA macroreentry or formation of daughter wavefronts. Conclusions— The LA endocardium has complex but characteristic patterns of activation during sinus rhythm, pacing, and AF initiation by PV ectopy that are determined largely by the functional properties of atrial musculature. These findings have important implications for both pacing and ablative strategies for the prevention of initiation of AF.
<title>Optical classification of radar signals using acousto-optically generated triple-product representations</title> (1996)

We have configured an adaptive multi-layer optical classifier as a real-time radar target recognition system to recognize isolated aircraft targets from training profiles with varying orientation and/or range from the radar. The resulting system demonstrates the successful application of a real-time adaptive optical computing system to a challenging temporal signal processing problem with time- bandwidth product requirements too demanding for alternative approaches. In this paper we describe the multi-layer classifier in detail and present classification results of using the optical system to learn form example time- frequency representations of aircraft radar range profiles.
An Energy-Efficient Transmission Scheme for Real-Time Data in Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)

The Internet of things (IoT) is a novel paradigm where all things or objects in daily life can communicate with other devices and provide services over the Internet. Things or objects need identifying, sensing, networking and processing capabilities to make the IoT paradigm a reality. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is one of the main communication protocols proposed for the IoT. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard provides the guaranteed time slot (GTS) mechanism that supports the quality of service (QoS) for the real-time data transmission. In spite of some QoS features in IEEE 802.15.4 standard, the problem of end-to-end delay still remains. In order to solve this problem, we propose a cooperative medium access scheme (MAC) protocol for real-time data transmission. We also evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme through simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can improve the network performance.
Ustilago maydis Infection Strongly Alters Organic Nitrogen Allocation in Maize and Stimulates Productivity of Systemic Source Leaves (2009)

The basidiomycete Ustilago maydis is the causal agent of corn smut disease and induces tumor formation during biotrophic growth in its host maize (Zea mays). We have conducted a combined metabolome and transcriptome survey of infected leaves between 1 d post infection (dpi) and 8 dpi, representing infected leaf primordia and fully developed tumors, respectively. At 4 and 8 dpi, we observed a substantial increase in contents of the nitrogen-rich amino acids glutamine and asparagine, while the activities of enzymes involved in primary nitrogen assimilation and the content of ammonia and nitrate were reduced by 50% in tumors compared with mock controls. Employing stable isotope labeling, we could demonstrate that U. maydis-induced tumors show a reduced assimilation of soil-derived (15)NO(3)(-) and represent strong sinks for nitrogen. Specific labeling of the free amino acid pool of systemic source leaves with [(15)N]urea revealed an increased import of organic nitrogen from systemic leaves to tumor tissue, indicating that organic nitrogen provision supports the formation of U. maydis-induced tumors. In turn, amino acid export from systemic source leaves was doubled in infected plants. The analysis of the phloem amino acid pool revealed that glutamine and asparagine are not transported to the tumor tissue, although these two amino acids were found to accumulate within the tumor. Photosynthesis was increased and senescence was delayed in systemic source leaves upon tumor development on infected plants, indicating that the elevated sink demand for nitrogen could determine photosynthetic rates in source leaves.
Structure and Reactivity of Some Unusual Molybdenum and Tungsten Cluster Systems (1981)

Synthesis, structure and properties of the new tetranuclear clusters Mo4Cl8L4(L = PBu3, PEt3, EtCN and MeOH) and W4Cl8(PBu3)4 are described. These compounds result from condensation of quadruply bonded dimers in a 2 + 2 cycloaddition-ligand elimination process and exhibit rectangular geometry of the M4 cluster. Metal-metal bond distances of 2.211(3) and 2.901(2) for Mo4Cl8 (PEt3)4, and 2.309(2), 2.840(1)Å for W4Cl8(PBu3)4 were found for the short and long edges of the rectangular cluster units. The short distances agree well with known M-M triple bond lengths, and the long distances fall within the range known for M-M single bonds. Also described are the synthesis and structure of two new ternary molybdenum oxides with metal-metal bonded cluster units, Ba1.13Mo8O16 and NaMo4O6. In each case the structure features infinite chains of metal clusters crosslinked by M-O-M bonds in such a way that unidirectional tunnels are formed for accommodation of the Na+ or Ba2+ ions. In Ba1.13Mo8O16 the clusters consist of Mo4O16 units with the connectivity relation Mo4O2O8/2O6/3 and the coplanar metal atoms at the vertices of two triangles sharing a common edge. The overall structural features (both Mo-Mo and Mo-O bonding) suggest the formulation Ba2+1.13 (Mo4O2-8)(Mo4O0.26-8). The extremely interesting structure of NaMo4O6 consists of infinite chains of octahedral clusters Mo6 fused on opposite (parallel) edges and bridged on the outwardly exposed edges by O-atoms. Within the chains the connectivity is Mo2Mo4/2O2O8/2; if the crosslinking between chains is included the connectivity becomes Na+ [(Mo2Mo4/2O2/2O8/2)O2/2-]. The compound is tetragonal and exhibits metallic conductivity.