gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
8-Mercaptoguanine-based inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dihydroneopterin aldolase: synthesis, in vitro inhibition and docking studies (2021)

The dihydroneopterin aldolase (DHNA, EC 4.1.2.25) activity of FolB protein is required for the conversion of 7,8-dihydroneopterin (DHNP) to 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin (HP) and glycolaldehyde (GA) in the folate pathway. FolB protein from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mt</i>FolB) is essential for bacilli survival and represents an important molecular target for drug development. S8-functionalized 8-mercaptoguanine derivatives were synthesised and evaluated for inhibitory activity against <i>Mt</i>FolB. The compounds showed IC<sub>50</sub> values in the submicromolar range. The inhibition mode and inhibition constants were determined for compounds that exhibited the strongest inhibition. Additionally, molecular docking analyses were performed to suggest enzyme-inhibitor interactions and ligand conformations. To the best of our knowledge, this study describes the first class of <i>Mt</i>FolB inhibitors.
Power and spectral efficiency of a family of constant-envelope root-of-unity filtered complex spreading sequences in WCDMA non-linear power amplification (2003)

This paper compares the spectral and power efficiency of a new multidimensional modulation strategy, employing a class of constant-envelope root-of-unity (CE-RU) filtered complex spreading sequences, with conventional Nyquist filtered QPSK modulated CDMA employing binary spreading sequences in nonlinear power amplification. The comparison is based on complementary cumulative probability density function peak-to-average power ratio (CCDF-PAPR) measurements, as well as the amount of spectral regrowth experienced when the power amplifier is driven close to the so-called 1 dB saturation point. Simulation as well as hardware results are presented to illustrate the superiority of the new complex-spreaded multi-dimensional WCDMA modulation schemes over conventional methods in terms of spectral and power efficiency in the presence of nonlinear power amplification.
Urinary excretion of albumin and retinol-binding protein during normal pregnancy. (1988)

In a cross sectional study of 88 pregnant women urinary excretion of albumin, when expressed as a ratio to creatinine concentration, was not significantly different from that in a non-pregnant control group of similar age (p greater than 0.05) and did not change significantly during pregnancy. Only when albumin excretion was expressed as a fractional clearance was the urinary excretion significantly increased in the third trimester compared with the first trimester (p less than 0.05), although it was still not significantly different from that in the non-pregnant control group. Excretion of retinol-binding protein was significantly increased during all three trimesters of pregnancy (p less than 0.01 in each case) and more so in the second and third trimesters than in the first. It is concluded that the increased total protein excretion that has been described during pregnancy is not explained by an increased excretion of albumin which remains essentially normal. In contrast, the tubular absorption of proteins is decreased.
Ring currents in furan, thiophen, and pyrrole and the aromaticities of these compounds (1965)

J. A. Elvidge, Chem. Commun. (London), 1965, 160 DOI: 10.1039/C19650000160
Fast Low Bit Rate Lattice Entropy Coding For Speech And Audio Coding (2011)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Barcelona, Spain, 2011
Dietary intake and breast cancer risk in black South African women: the South African Breast Cancer study (2019)

Incidence rates of breast cancer (BC) are increasing in South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary intake and BC risk in black South African women. The study population included 396 BC cases and 396 population-based controls matched on age and residence, participating in the South African Breast Cancer study. Diet was assessed using a validated quantified FFQ from which twelve energy-adjusted food groups were formed and analysed. OR were estimated using conditional logistic regressions, adjusted for confounding factors, comparing highest v. lowest median intake. Fresh fruit consumption showed an inverse association with BC risk (OR=0·3, 95 % CI 0·12, 0·80) in premenopausal women, whilst red and organ meat consumption showed an overall inverse association with BC risk (OR=0·6, 95 % CI 0·49, 0·94 and OR=0·6, 95 % CI 0·47, 0·91). Savoury food consumption (sauces, soups and snacks) were positively associated with BC risk in postmenopausal women (OR=2·1, 95 % CI 1·15, 4·07). Oestrogen receptor-positive stratification showed an inverse association with BC risk and consumption of nuts and seeds (OR=0·2, 95 % CI 0·58, 0·86). Based on these results, it is recommended that black South African women follow a diet with more fruit and vegetables together with a decreased consumption of less energy-dense, micronutrient-poor foods such as savoury foods. More research is necessary to investigate the association between BC risk and red and organ meat consumption. Affordable and practical methods regarding these recommendations should be implemented within health intervention strategies.
NEUROBEHAVIORAL CORRELATES OF IMPULSIVITY: EVIDENCE OF PREFRONTAL INVOLVEMENT (2003)

Impulsivity is associated with the functioning of prefrontal-subcortical circuits particularly, the orbitofrontal circuit, which is shown in neuro-imaging studies of neurological and psychological disorders. Objective behavioral measures, such as go/no-go, antisaccades, and delayed alternation, have demonstrated sensitivity to prefrontal function. This study examined the relationship between orbitofrontal-sensitive measures and impulsivity in healthy adults, as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS). Go/no-go and antisaccades correlated positively and delayed alternations correlated negatively with BIS subscales, even after controlling for demographic influences. The results add to the validity of the BIS and support a role for prefrontal cortex in impulse control.
N-MOSFET performance in single and dual channel strained Si/SiGe CMOS architectures (2004)

The performance of single and dual channel strained Si n-MOSFETs fabricated using CMOS process. A TEM image of the strained Si/gate oxide interface was examined. Capacitance-voltage measurement on MOS capacitor was investigated. The gate oxide interface trap density as a function of band gap energy for MOS capacitor fabricated on the single and dual channel architectures was illustrated. Field effect mobility was investigated as a function of vertical effective field on MOSFETs having 10 /spl mu/m gate lengths and 5 /spl mu/m gate widths.
Segmentation and Classification of Dot and Non-Dot-Like Fluorescencein situHybridization Signals for Automated Detection of Cytogenetic Abnormalities (2007)

Signal segmentation and classification of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) images are essential for the detection of cytogenetic abnormalities. Since current methods are limited to dot-like signal analysis, we propose a methodology for segmentation and classification of dot and non-dot-like signals. First, nuclei are segmented from their background and from each other in order to associate signals with specific isolated nuclei. Second, subsignals composing non-dot-like signals are detected and clustered to signals. Features are measured to the signals and a subset of these features is selected representing the signals to a multiclass classifier. Classification using a naive Bayesian classifier (NBC) or a multilayer perceptron is accomplished. When applied to a FISH image database, dot and non-dot-like signals were segmented almost perfectly and then classified with accuracy of approximately 80% by either of the classifiers.
Small molecule binding to a G-hairpin and a G-triplex: a new insight into anticancer drug design targeting G-rich regions (2015)

To gain new insights into G-quadruplex-drug interactions, we captured the solution-state structures of the complexes between a drug-like small molecule and a G-hairpin/G-triplex. Our results indicated that the ligand initially binds to the intermediates and induces stepwise folding into a quadruplex.
Single-Leg Squat After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Analysis of the Knee Valgus Angle at 6 and 12 Months (2020)

During a controlled SLS, the knee valgus angle remained essentially constant, and minimal limb asymmetries were present over the 6- to 12-month postoperative period, a time when athletes typically increase their activity levels. Whether changes or asymmetries will be seen with more dynamically challenging tasks remains to be determined. When present, high valgus angles were commonly bilateral.
Speech Emotion Recognition Based on Covariance Descriptor and Riemannian Manifold (2009)

An algorithm for speech emotion recognition is proposed based on covariance descriptor and Riemannian manifold.According to the extracted acoustic features,covariance matrices are computed as the emotion descriptors of sentences.With the consideration of high dimensional characteristic of the space constructed by non-singular covariance matrices,an affine invariance metric is adopted to make the space meet the requirement of Riemannian manifold.With differential geometry,the speech emotion recognition is performed on the manifold.The experimental results show a significant improvement in recognition accuracy,especially under noisy environments.
Brain tumour stem cells: possibilities of new therapeutic strategies (2007)

Cancers are composed of heterogeneous cell populations, including highly proliferative immature precursors and differentiated cells, which may belong to different lineages. Recent advances in stem cell research have demonstrated the existence of tumour-initiating, cancer stem cells (CSCs) in non-solid and solid tumours. These cells are defined as CSCs because they show functional properties that resemble those of their normal counterpart to a significant extent. This concept applies to CSCs from brain tumours and, particularly, to glioblastoma stem-like cells, which self-renew under clonal conditions and differentiate into neuron- and glia-like cells, and into aberrant cells, with mixed neuronal/astroglia phenotypes. Notably, across serial transplantation into immunodeficient mice, glioblastoma stem-like cells are able to form secondary tumours which are a phenocopy of the human disease. A significant effort is underway to identify both CSC-specific markers and the molecular mechanism that underpin the tumorigenic potential of these cells, for this will have a critical impact on the understanding of the origin of malignant brain tumour and the discovery of new and more specific therapeutic approaches. Lately, the authors have shown that some of the bone morphogenetic proteins can reduce the tumorigenic ability of CSCs in GBMs. This suggests that mechanisms regulating the physiology of normal brain stem cells may be still in place in their cancerous siblings and that this may lead to the development of cures that selectively target the population CSCs found in the patients' tumour mass.
Solid-State NMR Characterization of Phenylbenzimidazolesulfonic Acid Coencapsulated with Cetyltrimethylammonium in Mesoporous Silica Materials (2009)

The hydrophilic molecule phenylbenzimidazolesulfonic acid (PBSA) has been coencapsulated with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), an amphiphilic surfactant, via an in situ method in a mesoporous silica matrix. The effect of coencapsulation on texture and structure of the mesoporous silica host has been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen sorption experiments, and 29Si magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. It was clearly observed that the presence of PBSA led to different characteristics compared to the reference MCM-41 type organized mesoporous silica (OMS), which suggests that the active molecules perturb the silica network formation. The encapsulation of the hydrophilic PBSA molecule was found to be stable in aqueous media, indicating that strong interactions exist between PBSA and its environment (surfactant and silica framework). 1H−29Si and 1H−13C MAS NMR experiments evidenced their spatial proximity and confirmed the presence of interaction between PBSA and both CTA+ molecules and silanol of the silica framework. This NMR study gave an overall picture of the organic/inorganic interface.
Wave Propagation in 1D Bimodular Media (2016)

The bimodular property of geomaterials (different Young’s moduli in tension and compression) leads to complex modes of wave propagation. For the harmonic pulse loading when compressive pulse precedes a tensile pulse, an exact analytical solution is obtained and compared to a numerical one. For the loading case when a tensile pulse precedes a compressive pulse, numerical results are given. In the latter case, a phenomenon of strain disappearance caused by the collapse of the pulses is observed. In both cases shock waves are not formed and hence the stress concentrations capable of compromising structural integrity are not produced.
Antiinflammatory actions of methyl- and phenyl-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy styryl ketones. (1987)

Methyl- and phenyl-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy styryl ketones (MHSK and PHSK, resp.) upon oral administration displayed marked antiinflammatory activity in a variety of acute tests viz. carrageenan, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, dextran, bradykinin and prostaglandin (PG) induced oedema in rats and carrageenan evoked swelling in mice; the activity was not altered by adrenalectomy. In subacute test of formaldehyde arthritis, they showed significant reduction in paw swelling but were less effective in granuloma tests. In chronic tests, they produced marked antiarthritic effect both in developing and established adjuvant arthritis. The compounds prevented the inflammation induced increase in serum transaminase levels and leucocyte counts. They inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and produced reduction in ADP induced platelet aggregation. The compounds showed weaker antipyretic activity than acetylsalicylic acid in pyretic animals. MHSK showed analgesic activity using the tail clip method and antagonised acetic acid induced writhing syndrome. The compounds lacked any local anaesthetic activity. The low ulcerogenic potential of these compounds in animal models may be related to their relative inability to inhibit PG synthetase.
Supramolecular concepts and approaches in corrosion and biofouling prevention (2019)

Abstract Supramolecular chemistry is one of the exciting branches of chemistry where non-covalent interactions between molecules and the ensuing supramolecular structures have been studied for various applications. The present review provides a comprehensive outlook on the applications and potentials of supramolecular chemistry in corrosion and biofouling prevention. Reported works associating supramolecular chemistry with corrosion are systematically discussed under two sections: (i) surface coatings and (ii) corrosion inhibitors that include supramolecular polymers, host-guest inclusion compounds, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, and supramolecular structures of graphene, crown ethers, self-assembled monolayers, etc. Different strategies for making antifouling surfaces based on block copolymers/gel systems, host-guest systems, and metal-organic structures are briefed. Cyclodextrin and mesoporous silica-based host-guest systems are extensively discussed, as they are the most prominent materials of current research interest. Future potentials for developments are presented. The review is expected to be beneficial to enhance supramolecular chemistry-related research and development in corrosion and biofouling prevention.
Radiative heat and momentum transfer from materials with broken symmetries: opinion (2021)

Broken inversion and time reversal symmetries affect the electromagnetic wave modes supported by continuous media, which in turn governs thermal radiation and enables control of radiative heat, linear momentum, and angular momentum transfer. We identify opportunities for exploring thermal radiation in inversion symmetry- and time reversal symmetry-breaking materials and compare and contrast radiative transport phenomena in these systems, especially nonreciprocity. Application of these phenomena can lead to novel methods of thermal management, tunability, and object manipulation at short length scales.
Anonymous credentials from (indexed) aggregate signatures (2011)

Anonymous credential systems allow users to obtain certified credentials (a driving license, a student card, etc.) from organizations and then later to prove the possession of one (or more) credential(s) to another party, while minimizing the information given to the latter. While current constructions use zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge of a signature or blinding mechanisms, we keep in this paper a new approach, based on aggregate signature schemes.
Mode Analysis of a Hybrid Bistable Device (1985)

The exact scenario leading to chaos in infinite dimensional systems systems described by differential-difference equations (DDE) has attracted a lot of attention recently. The electro-optic bistable device which is described by that sort of equation was shown by Gibbs &amp; al. 1 (after a prediction by Ikeda &amp; al. 2 ) to reach chaos after a truncated perioddoubling sequence resembling the case quantitatively studied by Feigenbaum. However in the chaotic region, the electro-optic system shows windows of "frequency-locked" oscillations and other features that cannot be interpreted in the frame of a one-dimensional analysis.
Versatile Substrates and Probes for IgA1 Protease Activity (2013)

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease with high mortality. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that cause meningitis secrete immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) proteases to assist in mucosal colonization, invasion, and immune evasion. IgA1 proteases have unique selectivity, with few reported substrates other than IgA1 from human tissue. Here we describe the design, characterization, and application of peptide substrates for diverse IgA1 proteases from Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Streptococcus bacteria. IgA1 proteases from diverse strains showed unexpected selectivity profiles among peptide substrates derived from autoproteolytic sites. A fluorescence probe derived from one of these peptides was used to quantitate IgA1 protease activity in buffer and in human cerebrospinal fluid; it was able to detect recombinant Haemophilus influenzae type 1 IgA1 protease at less than 1 μg mL(-1) . We also used the probe to establish the first high-throughput screen for IgA1 protease inhibitors. This work provides tools that will help investigate the roles of IgA1 proteases in bacterial colonization, immune evasion, and infection.
Chapter 27 Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (2011)

The historical aspects of Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome are covered in the Introduction to ‘Tics’, Section 6. As mentioned above, however, the borderland between simple tics and Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome is not entirely sharp. Simple tics may give way to multiple tics and the latter may become chronic or permanent, without the picture being that of full-blown Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome. This has led to the intermediate category of ‘multiple tics’. That is not to say that the simple tic disorder of childhood cannot exhibit more than one tic type, but these are usually few in number and one tic tends to be replaced by another. In multiple tic disorders there may be quite a large number of tic types, which can occur contemporaneously or serially. Frequently several tic types are present at any stage. In order to be regarded as a chronic tic disorder, symptoms should have been present for more than 1 year (Shapiro and Shapiro 1986). Average age of onset of such tics has been said to be about 9 years (Shapiro and Shapiro 1986), but there are little published data on this and with the exception of involuntary vocalizations, they seem identical to Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome. In addition, chronic multiple tics are common in families of patients with Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome and a monozygotic twin pair may contain both of these disorders (Price et al. 1985, Randolph et al. 1993). As involuntary vocalizations seem to be only another form of tic, and the clinical profile, including response to treatment, is similar in both groups, further discussion of multiple tics is included with Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome.
Preface to the Special Issue on “The 2012 Kansai-section Joint Convention of Institutes of Electrical Engineering” (2013)

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1.25-Gb/s bidirectional transceiver module using 1.5%-/spl Delta/ silica directional coupler-type WDM (2005)

A 1.5%-/spl Delta/ silica directional coupler-type wavelength-division multiplexer dividing 1310/1550-nm wavelength bands was used to develop a bidirectional optical transceiver module. The active devices such as a spot-size converted Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot laser diode and waveguide photodetectors were hybridly integrated on a silica-terraced planar lightwave circuit platform. As main performances of the module, the clear eye pattern and the minimum receiver sensitivity of -25.5 dBm were obtained under the full duplex operation at 1.25 Gb/s without a severe power penalty.
Inhibition of Particulate Debris-Induced Osteolysis by Alendronate in a Rat Model (2002)

A rat model was used to study the efficacy of alendronate therapy in inhibition of particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis. A prosthesis was simulated by inserting a cylindrical polymethylmethacrylate plug into the distal femur of 24 rats allowing the plug to communicate with the joint space. Intra-articular injections of irregularly-shaped ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene particles of 20-200 pm in diameter were administered at 2-week intervals. The rats were randomized into two groups (n=12 each). Group A rats received twice weekly subcutaneous injections of alendronate sodium while group B rats received injections of saline vehicle only. At 10 weeks all rats were sacrificed. The distal femurs were harvested and axial sections were prepared for histologic analysis. Each section was graded on a scale of 1-4, quantifying the degree of osteolysis surrounding the polymethylmethacrylate plug. Microscopic examination showed a significant (P<.0001) difference in the amount of periprosthetic bone. Femurs from group A treated with alendronate demonstrated mostly normal or near-normal periprosthetic trabeculations, whereas femurs from group B treated with saline showed extensive bone resorption. There was no qualitative difference in the inflammatory cellular response between the groups. This study established the ability of alendronate to inhibit the osteoclastic-mediated osteolysis around joint implants.
OakRidgeReservation: Radionuclides (2005)

Abstract The Department of Energy (DOE) facilities on the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) have a rich history of radionuclide separation technologies and research involving the conversion of uranium to plutonium for thermonuclear weapon parts during WWII and the Cold War era. During this period, tens of millions of curies of radioactive waste was typically disposed in unlined surface impoundments and shallow subsurface trenches. The disposal methods have resulted in a daunting challenge of remediating huge below‐ground inventories of legacy radioactive waste, since the scale of the problem is at the watershed level. The focus of this article is to provide an overview of past and current activities on the ORR that involve the use, disposal, and remediation of radionuclide isotopes. The aim of the article is to provide an improved understanding of why radioactive material was generated, how it was used and disposed of, and how it continues to interact with the environment.