gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guinea-pig milk-protein synthesis. Isolation and characterization of messenger ribonucleic acids from lactating mammary gland and identification of caseins and pre-α-lactalbumin as translation products in heterologous cell-free systems (1976)

1. The major milk proteins synthesized by the lactating mammary gland of the guinea pig were identified and designated as caseins A, B and C and alpha-lactalbumin, with estimated mol.wts. of 28000, 25500, 20500 and 14500 respectively. 2. Antisera to the total casein fraction and to alpha-lactalbumin were prepared from rabbits. The milk proteins were also iodinated with either 131I or 125I. 3. A poly(A)-rich RNA fraction was isolated from lactating guinea-pig mammary glands. Isolation was by affinity chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose. 4. Examination of this RNA fraction by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels containing formamide indicated three major species 1, 2 and 3, with estimated wol.wts. of 5.4 × 10(5) and 3.3 × 10(5), and the apparent absence of rRNA species. 5. The poly(A)-rich RNA stimulated protein synthesis in heterologous cell-free systems based on wheat germ, Krebs II ascites-tumour cells, and the latter supplemented with an initiation factor-3 fraction from rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes. 6. Between 80 and 90% of the protein synthesis directed by the mRNA was for milk proteins. 7. Analysis of the proteins immunoprecipitated by the alpha-lactalbumin antiserum showed in the wheat-germ system that the product was a protein with a molecular weight greater than that of alpha-lactalbumin, whereas in the ascites-tumour-cell systems both this protein and alpha-lactalbumin were found. When the larger protein was treated with CNBr and the resulting peptides were examined, it was shown that the extra peptide was at the N-terminus. This and other evidence is adduced for the initial translation product of alpha-lactalbumin being a precursor with an addition of about ten amino acids at the N-terminus. 8. Similar analysis of the casein immlnospecific proteins produced under the direction of mRNA indicated that the products had a molecular weight that was apparently a littel smaller than that of the caseins synthesized in vivo. This was not consistent with higher-molecular weight casein precursors. 9. Possible explanations for the results obtained are discussed, especially in terms of the physiological significance of the pre-alpha-lactalbumin as a secretory protein.
Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Fossil Diatom Frustules from Genera of Ellerbeckia and Melosira (2021)

Fossil frustules of <i>Ellerbeckia</i> and <i>Melosira</i> were studied using laboratory-based nano X-ray tomography (nano-XCT), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Three-dimensional (3D) morphology characterization using nondestructive nano-XCT reveals the continuous connection of fultoportulae, tube processes and protrusions. The study confirms that <i>Ellerbeckia</i> is different from <i>Melosira</i>. Both genera reveal heavily silicified frustules with valve faces linking together and forming cylindrical chains. For this cylindrical architecture of both genera, valve face thickness, mantle wall thickness and copulae thickness change with the cylindrical diameter. Furthermore, EDS reveals that these fossil frustules contain Si and O only, with no other elements in the percentage concentration range. Nanopores with a diameter of approximately 15 nm were detected inside the biosilica of both genera using TEM. In situ micromechanical experiments with uniaxial loading were carried out within the nano-XCT on these fossil frustules to determine the maximal loading force under compression and to describe the fracture behavior. The fracture force of both genera is correlated to the dimension of the fossil frustules. The results from in situ mechanical tests show that the crack initiation starts either at very thin features or at linking structures of the frustules.
Heterogeneity in biofilms: Table 1 (2000)

Biofilms, accumulations of microorganisms at interfaces, have been described for every aqueous system supporting life. The structure of these microbial communities ranges from monolayers of scattered single cells to thick, mucous structures of macroscopic dimensions (microbial mats; algal-microbial associations; trickling filter biofilms). During recent years the structure of biofilms from many different environments has been documented and evaluated by use of a broad variety of microscopic, physico-chemical and molecular biological techniques, revealing a generally complex 3D structure. Parallel to these investigations more and more complex mathematical models and simulations were developed to explain the development, structures, and interactions of biofilms. The forces determining the spatial structure of biofilms, including microcolonies, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and channels, are still the subject of controversy. To achieve conclusive explanations for the structures observed in biofilms the cooperation of both fields of investigation, modelling and experimental research, is necessary. The expanding field of molecular techniques not only allows more and more detailed documentation of the spatial distribution of species, but also of functional activities of single cells in their biofilm environment. These new methods will certainly reveal new insights in the mechanisms involved in the developmental processes involved in the formation and behavior of biofilms.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, Catalytic Procedure for Epoxide Rearrangement. (1990)

Abstract The oxiranes (I) are cleaved and rearranged in the presence of a bulky di(aryloxy)methylaluminum agent, forming the aldehydes (II).
Dynamic DIC by digital holography microscopy for enhancing phase-contrast visualization (2011)

Differential image contrast (DIC), through the numerical managing and manipulation of complex wavefronts obtained by digital holography (DH), is investigated. We name the approach Dynamical Differential Holographic Image Contrast (DDHIC). DDHIC dispenses from special optics and/or complex setup configurations with moveable components, as usually occurs in classical DIC, that is not well-suited for investigating objects experiencing dynamic evolution during the measurement. In fact, the technique presented here, is useful for floating samples since it allows, from a single recording, to set a posteriori the best conditions for DIC imaging in conjunction with the numerical focusing feature of DH. By DDHIC, the movies can be easily built-up to offering dynamic representation of phase-contrast along all directions, thus improving the visualization. Furthermore, the dynamic representation is useful for making the proper choice of other key parameters of DIC such as the amount of shear and the bias, with the aim to optimize the visualized phase-contrast imaging as favorite representation for bio-scientists. Investigation is performed on various biological samples.
A new GTS allocation scheme for IEEE 802.15.4 networks with improved bandwidth utilization (2007)

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard enables device level wireless connectivity in personal area networks. Its medium access control (MAC) protocol supports the exclusive use of a wireless channel through guaranteed time slot (GTS). However, the bandwidth underutilization problem occurs in GTSs when the used bandwidth is less than the available. In this paper, a new GTS scheme is presented to allow more devices to share the bandwidth within the same period. The evaluation and analysis reveals that the bandwidth utilization is improved.
The design of multiplayer online video game systems (2003)

The distributed <i>Multiplayer Online Game</i> (MOG) system is complex since it involves technologies in computer graphics, multimedia, artificial intelligence, computer networking, embedded systems, etc. Due to the large scope of this problem, the design of MOG systems has not yet been widely addressed in the literatures. In this paper, we review and analyze the current MOG system architecture followed by evaluation. Furthermore, we propose a clustered-server architecture to provide a scalable solution together with the region oriented allocation strategy. Two key issues, i.e. interesting management and synchronization, are discussed in depth. Some preliminary ideas to deal with the identified problems are described.
Developmental Basis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Diversity (2007)

The origins of vascular smooth muscle are far more diverse than previously thought. Lineage mapping studies show that the segmental organization of early vertebrate embryos leaves footprints on the adult vascular system in the form of a mosaic pattern of different smooth muscle types. Moreover, evolutionarily conserved tissue forming pathways produce vascular smooth muscle from a variety of unanticipated sources. A closer look at the diversity of smooth muscle origins in vascular development provides new perspectives about how blood vessels differ from one another and why they respond in disparate ways to common risk factors associated with vascular disease. The origins of vascular smooth muscle are far more diverse than previously thought. A closer look at the diversity of smooth muscle origins in vascular development provides new perspectives about how blood vessels differ from one another and why they respond in disparate ways to common risk factors associated with vascular disease.
Design of Flexible Tactile Array Sensor (2021)

Flexible electronics is an imminent revolution in industry, where devices can be developed using sustainable materials and processes. Some of the criteria for sustainability are low cost, low energy consumption, recyclability, and biodegradability. Besides, this technology is bringing into existence electronic gadgets that are light weight, flexible, and conform to the human body. In this paper, we describe a prototype tactile array sensor (TAS) that can enhance the existing prosthetic gadgets. As an example, the sensor can be used to detect an approaching object or surface for a prosthetic foot. Finite element method simulations have been done to show the feasibility of the proposed approach. Flexibility is of importance for prosthetics used by children of growing age for better adaptability, reduced frequency of changes, and creativity in product design [Torres-Jara, Dexterous and Compliant Robotic US 8,662,552 B2,2014]. Once developed, this application for sustainable prosthesis is expected to complement the pioneering work done at the MIT Tata Center toward the development of affordable mobile-enabled diabetic foot analyzer that has enabled regular monitoring of detection of loss of sensation in the feet of diabetic patients avoiding foot ulcers and leg amputation.
Talactoferrin alfa may prolong progression-free survival in advanced renal carcinoma patients (2006)

4600 Background: Talactoferrin alfa (formerly known as recombinant human lactoferrin, rhLF) is a novel immunomodulatory 80 kD protein with demonstrated oral anti-tumor properties in animal models, and promising early results in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Phase 1/2 trials. Methods: An open label Phase 2 study of Talactoferrin Oral Solution at 1.5 g talactoferrin alfa b.i.d. given up to a maximum of 4 cycles of 12 weeks on, 2 weeks off was conducted at 6 sites. Eligibility included predominantly clear cell histology, failure of at least one prior systemic therapy, tumor progression within the prior 9 months, a performance status of &lt;2 (ECOG) and adequate organ function. The primary endpoints were the incidence of 14-week progression-free survival (PFS) and overall tumor response (by RECIST). The statistical plan specified an objective of 12.5% response rate or a progression-free survival rate of ≥40% at 14 weeks. Secondary endpoints included median PFS and median overall survival (OS). Results: Forty-four patients were enrolled. Eighteen patients (41%) were considered low risk and twenty-six (59%) considered intermediate risk based on the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) criteria. There were no talactoferrin-related Grade 3 or 4 adverse events or laboratory abnormalities. The most common related grade 1 or 2 adverse events were gastrointestinal symptoms. There was one unconfirmed tumor response and the 14-week PFS was 55%. The median PFS was 21 weeks (46 weeks and 9.4 weeks in the patients with low and intermediate risk prognostic factors, respectively). The median OS has not yet been reached. Conclusions: Talactoferrin alfa is well tolerated. The 14-week PFS met the pre-specified criteria for success (&gt;40%). Due to the heterogeneity of tumor biology of RCC, any further evaluation of talactoferrin in this population should be in a larger randomized trial. [Table: see text]
Effects of prednisone on biomarkers of  tubular damage induced by radiocontrast  in interventional cardiology (2013)

A short course of prednisone reduces the procedure-induced changes in biomarkers of renal tubular damage. This study suggests that steroids had a tubule-protecting effect.
Search for Higgs boson decays into pairs of light (pseudo)scalar particles in the γγjj final state in pp collisions at s=13TeV with the ATLAS detector (2018)

This Letter presents a search for exotic decays of the Higgs boson to a pair of new (pseudo)scalar particles,$H → aa$, where the a particle has a mass in the range 20–60 GeV, and where one of the a bosons decays into a pair of photons and the other to a pair of gluons. The search is performed in event samples enhanced in vector-boson fusion Higgs boson production by requiring two jets with large invariant mass in addition to the Higgs boson candidate decay products. The analysis is based on the full dataset of pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}= 13$ TeV recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.7 fb$^{-1}$ . The data are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions and an upper limit at the 95% confidence level is placed on the production cross section times the branching ratio for the decay $H → aa → γγgg$. This limit ranges from 3.1 pb to 9.0 pb depending on the mass of the a boson.
Grundlagen (1992)

Durch die steigende Anzahl von Computer-Animation-Studios in den frühen 80er Jahren, entstand für die Computer-Animation ein regelrechter Markt, auf dem sie als Dienstleistung angeboten wurde und wird. Die Studios produzieren auf Kundenwunsch eine spezielle Animation und verkaufen diese als ein Produkt. Weiterhin gibt es Hard- und Software-Anbieter, die spezielle Rechner und Programme zur Erzeugung von Computer-Animation produzieren.
Nachruf: Ralf Steudel (1937 – 2021) (2021)

Abstract Ralf Steudel starb am 12. Februar 2021. Mit dem Lehrbuch „Chemie der Nichtmetalle“ schuf er einen Klassiker für die Ausbildung in anorganischer Chemie.
Acceleration of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma following dupilumab administration (2020)

Recent advances in the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis have led to increased use of dupilumab, which is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to the interleukin (IL) 4-receptor-alpha subunit. Reports have recently been published describing worsening of disease in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) treated with dupilumab either inadvertently or as off-label use. We present an additional case of worsening CTCL following treatment with dupilumab for presumed atopic dermatitis.
Data from Complementary Value of Contralateral Parenchymal Enhancement on DCE-MRI to Prognostic Models and Molecular Assays in High-risk ER<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>−</sup> Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To determine whether markers of healthy breast stroma are able to select a subgroup of patients at low risk of death or metastasis from patients considered at high risk according to routine markers of the tumor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Patients with ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/HER2&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; breast cancer were consecutively included for retrospective analysis. The contralateral parenchyma was segmented automatically on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), where upon the average of the top-10% late enhancement was calculated. This contralateral parenchymal enhancement (CPE) was analyzed with respect to routine prognostic models and molecular assays (Nottingham Prognostic Index, Dutch clinical chemotherapy-selection guidelines, 70-gene signature, and 21-gene recurrence score). CPE was split in tertiles and tested for overall and distant disease-free survival. CPE was adjusted for patient and tumor characteristics, as well as systemic therapy, using inverse probability weighting (IPW). Subanalyses were performed in patients at high risk according to prognostic models and molecular assays.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Four-hundred-and-fifteen patients were included, constituting the same group in which the association between CPE and survival was discovered. Median follow-up was 85 months, 34/415(8%) patients succumbed. After IPW-adjustment for patient and tumor characteristics, patients with high CPE had significantly better overall survival than those with low CPE in groups at high risk according to the Nottingham Prognostic Index [HR (95% CI): 0.08 (0.00–0.40), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001]; Dutch clinical guidelines [HR (95% CI): 0.22 (0.00–0.81), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.021]; and 21-gene recurrence score [HR (95% CI): 0.14 (0.00–0.84), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.030]. One group showed a trend [70-gene signature: HR (95% CI): 0.25 (0.00–1.02), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.054].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; In patients at high risk based on the tumor, subgroups at relatively low risk were identified using pretreatment enhancement of the stroma on breast DCE-MRI. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6505–15. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Evaluation and Comparison of Cross-lingual Text Processing Pipelines (2019)

With the trend of globalization and digitalization, many transnational companies are continuously collecting and storing unstructured text data in different languages. To exploit the business value of such high-volume multilingual text data, cross-lingual information extraction utilizes machine translation and other natural language processing (NLP) techniques to analyze this data. However, results of these analysis heavily depend on the order in which the tasks are performed as well as the used machine translation and NLP approaches or trained models. In this paper, we defined and evaluated a series of cross-lingual text processing pipelines for English and Chinese language. We therefore combine multiple commercial machine translation services with different automatic keyphrase extraction and named entity recognition techniques and evaluate their performance with regards to the order of execution. Hence, we evaluate the combination of machine translation systems and natural language processing techniques with two processing sequences in our experiment. One is to translate the document before extracting keyphrase and named entities. The other is to translate the processing results. The experiment outcomes indicate that translating documents is a better choice than the other way around in both tasks. However, there exists a substantial disparity between the performance of the cross-lingual text processing pipelines and the corresponding monolingual references.
Modulation of S. epidermidis-induced innate immune responses in neonatal whole blood (2018)

The virulence of sepsis strains is coherent with increased cytokine production in our whole-blood in-vitro sepsis model. Biofilm formation and expression of extracellular virulence factors had no major influence on readouts in our setting. It is important to acknowledge that several drugs used in neonatal care have immunomodulatory potential.
THE INFRARED ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF MATRIX ISOLATED HCl AND HBr. (1962)

The infrared spectra of gaseous HCl isolated in neon, argon, krypton, and xenon matrices have observed in the region of the HCl fundamental frequency at approximately 4, 14, and $20^{\\circ}K$ with a small grating instrument. At high dilution (1:1000) the spectra at $20^{\\circ} K$ for all matrices are nearly the same. They consist of three closely spaced narrow bands in the vicinity of the HCl fundamental and some additional bands at lower frequencies. The three closely spaced bands consist of central strong feature with two weaker ones on either side. On cooling, the matrix from 20 to $4^{\\circ} K$., the intensity of the strong band increases and the two week ones completely disappear. The effect is completely reversible on temperature cycling. There is a progressive shift of the observed bands to the red in going from neon to xenon matrices. The results are very similar for matrix isolated HBr. The experimental results have been interpreted on the basis of a hindered molecular rotation. The matrix isolated molecules are assumed to be confined by a potential barrier arising from the crystal field ion which equilibrium orientation of the axis of the molecule with respect to this field is nearly the same for all cavities. The one strong and weak, temperature dependent, bands are assigned to transitions R(0), P(1) and $R^{\\prime}(1)$ of the hindered rotator with rotational spacing smaller than those for gaseous HCl. The observed red shifts of the R(0) frequency, in different matrices, are related to the magnitude of the intermolecular interactions between the matrix material and the hydrogen halide.
Occlusion-Model Guided Antiocclusion Depth Estimation in Light Field (2017)

Occlusion is one of the most challenging problems in depth estimation. Previous work has modeled the single-occluder occlusion in light field and achieves good performances, however it is still difficult to obtain accurate depth for multioccluder occlusion. In this paper, we explore the complete occlusion model in light field and derive the occluder-consistency between the spatial and angular spaces, which is used as a guidance to select unoccluded views for each candidate occlusion point. Then, an antiocclusion energy function is built to regularize the depth map. Experimental results on both synthetic and real light-field datasets have demonstrated the advantages of the proposed algorithm compared with state-of-the-art algorithms of light-field depth estimation, especially in multioccluder cases.
Structural decidable extensions of bounded quantification (1995)

We show how the subtype relation of the well-known system F<, the second-order polymorphic A-calculus with bounded u~lversal type quantification and subtyping, due to Cardelli, Wegner, Bruce, Longo, Curien, Ghelli [6, 2, 8], proved undecidable by Pierce [12], can be interpreted in the (weak) order theory of several successor functions (W)SnS. 1
MHox: a mesodermally restricted homeodomain protein that binds an essential site in the muscle creatine kinase enhancer (1992)

Myogenic helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins, such as myogenin and MyoD, can activate muscle-specific transcription when introduced into a variety of nonmuscle cell types. Whereas cells of mesodermal origin are especially permissive to the actions of these myogenic regulators, many other cell types are refractory to myogenic conversion by them. Here we describe a novel homeodomain protein, MHox, that binds an A+T-rich element in the muscle creatine kinase (MCK) enhancer that is essential for muscle-specific transcription and trans-activation by myogenic HLH proteins. MHox is completely restricted to mesodermally derived cell types during embryogenesis and to established cell lines of mesodermal origin. In contrast to most other homeobox genes, MHox expression is excluded from the nervous system, with the highest levels observed in limb bud and visceral arches. In adult mice, MHox is expressed at high levels in skeletal muscle, heart and uterus. The DNA-binding properties and pattern of MHox expression are unique among homeobox genes and suggest a role for MHox as a transcriptional regulator that participates in the establishment of diverse mesodermal cell types.