gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arteriographic evidence of coronary arterial spasm in acute myocardial infarction. (1977)

Coronary arteriography was performed before and after the intracoronary injection of nitroglycerin to determine the presence or absence of spasm in patients within the first 12 hours of acute myocardial infarction. Coronary arterial spasm was demonstrated in six of fifteen (40%) acute myocardial infarctions associated with coronary artery disease. In five of the six instances the interval from the onset of symptoms to arteriography was less than 6 hours. Spasm was superimposed on a high-grade atherosclerotic obstruction and was separated from the catheter tip by a segment of normal vessel in each instance. The coronary artery remained patent (following the initial relief of spasm) in two patients maintained on sublingual nitrates and heparin. Spasm, superimposed on an atherosclerotic obstruction, may be the primary event or a secondary occurrence in the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction. Catecholamines could play an important role in the early pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction by producing spasm and/or platelet aggregation at the site of an atherosclerotic obstruction. A dynamic interaction between spasm, platelet aggregates and the atherosclerotic plaque may precede coronary thrombosis.
Formation and mechanical analysis of Tiantai landslide of Xuanhan county, Sichuan province (2008)

The landslip course can be divided into three stages: convergence-jacking of groundwater, groundwater wedged in the joints of the rock and split them, clamp-on and wedge-split, and debacleslippage during the landslip. Purple red silt mudstone and argillaceous siltstones were weak, and easy to weather, which were main contents of the landslide. The tail of the landslide mainly included cracked rock mass and was formed by violet red mudstones and blocky reduced rock and soil with a small quantity of silty clays. Groundwater generated the landslide by jacking, wedge-likely splitting and urging the slope sliding. Landslide mechanism included three steps: Groundwater convergence-lockup, clampingon and wedge-likely splitting, and debacle-slippage during the landslip. Tiantai landslide was large-scale, and the gliding mass jammed the River to form the barrier lake. On Sep. 5 2004 there happened a great large-scale landslide at Yihe Village, Tiantai Country, and Xuanhan County, Sichuan Province.
Hybrid type checking (2006)

Traditional static type systems are very effective for verifying basic interface specifications, but are somewhat limited in the kinds specifications they support. Dynamically-checked contracts can enforce more precise specifications, but these are not checked until run time, resulting in incomplete detection of defects.Hybrid type checking is a synthesis of these two approaches that enforces precise interface specifications, via static analysis where possible, but also via dynamic checks where necessary. This paper explores the key ideas and implications of hybrid type checking, in the context of the simply-typed λ-calculus with arbitrary refinements of base types.
Application of techniques of nonlinear dynamics to SS Cyg (1993)

We look for structural properties in the light curve of the dwarf nova SS Cyg by means of techniques from nonlinear dynamics. Applying the popular Grassberger-Procaccia procedure, Cannizzo and Goddings (1988) showed that there is no evidence for a low-dimensional attractor underlying this record. Because there are some hints for order in the light curve, we search for other signatures of deterministic systems. Therefore, we use other methods recently developed in this theory, such as local linear prediction and recurrence maps. Our main findings are: i] the prediction error grows exponentially during outburst phases, but via a power law in the quiescent states, ii] there are some rather regular patterns in this light curve which sometimes recur, but the recurrence is not regular. This leads to the following conclusions: i] The outburst dynamics shows a higher degree of order than the quiescent one. There are some hints for deterministic chaos in the outburst behavior. ii] The light curve is a complex mixture of deterministic and stochastic structures. The analysis presented in this paper shows that methods of nonlinear dynamics can be an efficient tool for the study of complex processes, even if there is no evidence for a low-dimensional attractor.
Bee venom ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced memory loss by preventing NF-kappaB pathway (2015)

BV attenuates LPS-induced amyloidogenesis, neuroinflammation, and therefore memory loss via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, BV could be useful for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
STATUTORY CONDITIONS IN INSURANCE POLICIES (1941)

In this article the author discusses statutory insurance policies, particularly in regard to provisions of the standard form contract of automobile insurance and the standard form of fire insurance policy. The author describes these insurance policies as applied throughout the country, but focuses on Ontario legislation while discussing the consequences of recent insurance jurisprudence.
Should I Repeat My 1:2s QC Rejection? (2012)

RESULTS: The false-rejection rates for the repeatsampling strategies were similarly low to those of the 1:3s QC rule. The error detection rates for the repeatsampling strategies approached those of the 1:2s QC rule for moderate to large out-of-control error conditions. In most cases, the power of the repeat-sampling strategies was superior to the power of the QC multirules we evaluated. The increase in QC utilization rate ranged from 4% to 13% for the repeat-sampling strategies investigated. CONCLUSIONS: The repeat-sampling strategies provide an effective tactic to take advantage of the desirable propertiesofboththe1:2sand1:3sQCrules.Additionally, the power of the repeat-sampling strategies compares favorably with the power of 2 common QC multirules. These improvements come with a modest increase in the average number of controls tested. © 2012 American Association for Clinical Chemistry
Simulation of enhanced hole ballistic velocity in asymmetrically strained Germanium nanowire trigate p-MOSFETs (2013)

The impact of asymmetric strain in Ge nano wire (NW) trigate p-MOSFETs with record measured hole mobility [1] is simulated. Contrary to previous studies of uniaxial and biaxial strain, the impact of very large (2.4%), non-uniform asymmetric strain (achieved by patterning-induced lateral relaxation) is studied through NW simulations. Asymmetric strain significantly warps the valence band (VB), reducing the hole effective mass in the transport direction, and increasing the ballistic velocity (ν <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">θ</sub> ∝ √m* [2], [3]) compared to biaxial strain. Consistent with previous mobility measurements [1], analysis of the VB strucuture reveals a 1.6× increase in the inverse effective mass for a 49-nm wide asymmetrically-strained Ge NW compared to planar biaxially strained Ge (s-Ge) with 2.4% compressive strain. ν <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">θ</sub> improves in narrow NWs due to lateral strain relaxation that reduces the transport effective mass. A ν <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">θ</sub> enhancement of 2.8X relative to unstrained Si (1.6× relative to 1% uniaxially strained Si) is predicted for 10-nm wide s-Ge NWs suggesting a scalable transport enhancement technique for future technology nodes.
The James Webb Space Telescope: Mission overview and status (2016)

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the scientific successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. It is a cryogenic infrared space observatory with a 25 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> aperture (6 m class) telescope that will achieve diffraction limited angular resolution at a wavelength of 2 um. The science instrument payload includes four passively cooled near-infrared instruments providing broad- and narrow-band imagery, coronography, as well as multi-object and integral-field spectroscopy over the 0.6 <; λ <; 5.0 um spectrum. An actively cooled mid-infrared instrument provides broad-band imagery, coronography, and integral-field spectroscopy over the 5.0 <; λ <; 29 um spectrum. The JWST is being developed by NASA, in partnership with the European and Canadian Space Agencies, as a general user facility with science observations proposed by the international astronomical community in a manner similar to the Hubble Space Telescope. Technology development and mission design are complete. Construction, integration and verification testing is underway in all areas of the program. The JWST is on schedule for launch during 2018.
Transport mechanisms in acetylcholine and monoamine storage (2000)

Sequence-related vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) transport neurotransmitter substrates into secretory vesicles. This review seeks to identify shared and differentiated aspects of the transport mechanisms. VAChT and VMAT exchange two protons per substrate molecule with very similar initial velocity kinetics and pH dependencies. However, vesicular gradients of ACh in vivo are much smaller than the driving force for uptake and vesicular gradients of monoamines, suggesting the existence of a regulatory mechanism in ACh storage not found in monoamine storage. The importance of microscopic rather than macroscopic kinetics in structure-function analysis is described. Transporter regions affecting binding or translocation of substrates, inhibitors, and protons have been found with photoaffinity labeling, chimeras, and single-site mutations. VAChT and VMAT exhibit partial structural and mechanistic homology with lactose permease, which belongs to the same sequence-defined superfamily, despite opposite directions of substrate transport. The vesicular transporters translocate the first proton using homologous aspartates in putative transmembrane domain X (ten), but they translocate the second proton using unknown residues that might not be conserved between them. Comparative analysis of the VAChT and VMAT transport mechanisms will aid understanding of regulation in neurotransmitter storage.
TrackMeOrNot (2016)

Recent advance in web tracking technologies has raised many privacy concerns. To combat users' fear of privacy invasion, online vendors have taken measures such as being more transparent with users about their data use and providing options for users to manage their online activities. Such efforts gain users' trust in online vendors and improve their willingness to share their digital footprints. However, there are still a significant amount of users who actively limit involuntarily sharing of data because vendor provided management tools only restrict the use of collected data and users worry vendors do not have enough measures in place to protect their privacy sensitive information.
Polarization‐independent modulation for projection displays using small‐period LC polarization gratings (2007)

Abstract— Progress in the use of liquid‐crystal polarization grating (LCPG) to modulate unpolarized (and polarized) light with a grating period as small as 6.3 μm is reported. Similar to LCPGs formed at larger periods (11 μm) reported previously, polarization‐independent switching, predominantly three diffraction orders, maximum contrast ratios of ∼100:1 for unpolarized broadband light, very low scattering, and diffraction efficiencies &gt;98% continue to be observed. The smaller period led to an expected lower threshold voltage, even though the thickness was greater. Because the smaller grating period enables a brighter result from a Schlieren projection scheme for a microdisplay using the LCPG light valve, the inherent tradeoffs involved with both material and design parameters are discussed, and prospects for a polarization‐independent projection display are commented upon.
Evidence of correlated electron hole pairs in dots in asymmetric quantum well structures (2010)

We introduce the study of InAs quantum dots embedded in an InGaAs quantum well. The quantum dot potential strongly modifies the energy states of the quantum well structure. Hence, the carrier thermodynamics is also influenced. The dependence of the integrated photoluminescence on the excitation power density shows linear dependence with very little deviation from linearity at a high temperature. That result contributes to the strong correlation between the electron and hole pairs, which is attributed to the enhanced confinement provided by the asymmetric quantum well structure.
Optimization and Utilization of <em>Agrobacterium</em>-mediated Transient Protein Production in <em>Nicotiana</em> (2014)

Agrobacterium-mediated transient protein production in plants is a promising approach to produce vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins within a short period of time. However, this technology is only just beginning to be applied to large-scale production as many technological obstacles to scale up are now being overcome. Here, we demonstrate a simple and reproducible method for industrial-scale transient protein production based on vacuum infiltration of Nicotiana plants with Agrobacteria carrying launch vectors. Optimization of Agrobacterium cultivation in AB medium allows direct dilution of the bacterial culture in Milli-Q water, simplifying the infiltration process. Among three tested species of Nicotiana, N. excelsiana (N. benthamiana × N. excelsior) was selected as the most promising host due to the ease of infiltration, high level of reporter protein production, and about two-fold higher biomass production under controlled environmental conditions. Induction of Agrobacterium harboring pBID4-GFP (Tobacco mosaic virus-based) using chemicals such as acetosyringone and monosaccharide had no effect on the protein production level. Infiltrating plant under 50 to 100 mbar for 30 or 60 sec resulted in about 95% infiltration of plant leaf tissues. Infiltration with Agrobacterium laboratory strain GV3101 showed the highest protein production compared to Agrobacteria laboratory strains LBA4404 and C58C1 and wild-type Agrobacteria strains at6, at10, at77 and A4. Co-expression of a viral RNA silencing suppressor, p23 or p19, in N. benthamiana resulted in earlier accumulation and increased production (15-25%) of target protein (influenza virus hemagglutinin).
Compensation effect during water desorption from siloxane-based spin-on dielectric thin films (2000)

It is the aim of this report to show experimental evidence for the compensation effect during water desorption from siloxane-based spin-on dielectrics. A single linear relationship was obtained between the activation entropy ΔS# and the activation enthalpy ΔH# for the elementary water desorption components in the degassing spectra for siloxane-based dielectric thin films. From this observation, an isokinetic temperature was derived at which all desorption rates become equal. It is argued that this temperature can be considered as a fundamental materials characteristic, governing the thermal stability of the dielectric thin film.
Induction of monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D analogs. (1987)

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, the hormonal form of vitamin D, induces differentiation of HL-60 human promyelocytes into monocyte-like cells in vitro. We assessed the relative activity of 30 analogs of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in inducing development of monocytic markers in HL-60 cells. The three differentiation markers assayed were nonspecific acid esterase activity, nitro blue tetrazolium reducing activity, and phagocytic capacity. Of the known metabolites of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is the most active; 50% of the cells exhibit the mature phenotype following a 4-day treatment with 10(-8) M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Removal of either the C-1 or C-25-hydroxyl group reduces activity by 2 orders of magnitude, while epimerization of the 1 alpha- to 1 beta-hydroxyl group virtually abolishes activity. Elongation of the steroidal side chain of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by addition of one carbon at C-24 or C-26 improves the potency by an order of magnitude. Truncation of the steroidal side chain leads to a 10-fold reduction in activity for each carbon removed. Elimination of the C-26 and C-27 methyl groups reduces activity 100-fold. Analogs with short aliphatic side chains as 1 alpha-hydroxyhomo- and bishomopregnacholecalciferol have surprisingly high activity, being only 20-fold less potent than the natural hormone. The activity of most analogs in the HL-60 system parallels their known relative affinities for the well characterized 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor in chick intestine, providing further evidence that this function of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is receptor mediated.
1.5 µm GaInAs/GaInAsP graded index separate confinement heterostructure multiple quantum well (GRINSCH-MQW) laser diodes grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) (1989)

Very low threshold current density GaInAs/GaInAsP GRINSCH-MQW laser diodes grown by MOCVD emitting at 1.5 µm are demonstrated for the first time. The average threshold current density for 375 µm cavity length devices (200 µm width) was 1.2 kA/cm2, which is the lowest value reported for GaInAs/InP laser diodes.
A New Approach to Mitigate the Deterioration of Ni-Rich Cathode Materials: Electrolyte Exposure Time (2022)

With the prevalence of electric vehicles, Ni-rich layered cathodes have been extensively developed to increase the energy density of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, cathodes with a high Ni content suffer from inherent structural and chemical instabilities, which lead to rapid capacity fading and thermal instability. 1 In particular, the rapid capacity fading of Ni-rich layered cathodes is largely caused by microcracking and the resultant microstructural instability. 2 In addition to microcracking, the time during which highly reactive Ni 4+ ions are exposed to the electrolyte when the cathode is in a highly charged state also affects the deterioration of the cathode. Although the exposure time is not significant for cathodes with Ni contents of &lt;60%, the calendar aging test of Ni-rich cathodes reveals that the exposure time, especially at high SoCs, critically affects the degradation of these high-Ni cathodes, as the internal surfaces of the particles are also exposed to the electrolyte via the microcracks. 3 The exposure time is particularly pertinent for electric vehicle (EV) LIBs, as they remain stationary for long periods in the highly charged state and are operated intermittently. Consequently, the upper SoC limit of EV LIBs is commonly limited to ≈85%, but this limits the driving range and increases the cost of the batteries. Therefore, a holistic approach considering real-use behavior, as well as the properties of the material itself, is needed to overcome the limitations of Ni-rich cathodes. Here, 1 mol% B doping of a core–shell concentration gradient (CSG) Li[Ni 0.88 Co 0.10 Al 0.02 ]O 2 cathode (CSG-NCA88) is shown to dramatically alter the microstructure of the cathode and effectively protect the particle interior from parasitic electrolyte attack. The B-doped CSG-NCA88 cathode, CSG-NCAB87, maintains its original microstructure even after holding for 500 h in the fully charged state, whereas irreversible structural damage occurs in the pristine CSG-NCA88 cathode during the prolonged electrolyte exposure. The long-term cycling results confirm that the capacity retention of the cathodes is determined by the electrolyte exposure time at a high SoC and that microstructural modification can effectively suppress the time-dependent degradation from electrolyte attack. The proposed CSG-NCAB87 cathode can be utilized at full capacity without restricting the SoC, thus realizing the development of economical high-energy-density LIBs. Reference s : [1] H.-J. Noh, S. Youn, C. S. Yoon, Y.-K. Sun, J. Power Sources , 2013 , 233, 121. [2] H.-H. Ryu, K.-J. Park, C. S. Yoon, Y.-K. Sun, Chem. Mater . 2018 , 30, 1155. [3] H.-H. Ryu, G.-T. Park, C. S. Yoon, Y.-K. Sun, Small , 2018 , 14, 1803179.
Trypanosoma cruzi Host Resistance to Response and β Inflammasomes Mediate IL-1 Containing a Caspase Recruitment Domain like Protein - Apoptosis-Associated Speck (2013)

Santana SilvaRicardo Tostes Gazzinelli, Dario Simoes Zamboni and JoaoGuedes, Warrison Athanasio Andrade, Mariana De Niz, Fredy Roberto Salazar Gutierrez, Paulo Marcos da MattaSilveira, Braulia Costa Caetano, Catarina Veltrini Horta, Grace Kelly Silva, Renata Sesti Costa, Tatiana Nuneshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/6/3373doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203293August 2013;J Immunol€2013; 191:3373-3383; Prepublished online 21MaterialSupplementary3.DC1.htmlhttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/suppl/2013/08/21/jimmunol.120329Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/6/3373.full#ref-list-1This article cites 55 articles, 25 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai.org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
Gaseous Flows and Heat Transfer through Micro- and Nano-channels (2008)

The overall object of this paper is a systematic study of gaseous flows and thermal transport in two-dimensional micro- and nano-channels using direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. In the flow study, a validation of DSMC code was conducted by simulating a continuum flow in microchannel and the results show that the discrepancy of friction coefficient from theoretical prediction is well below 5%. Then, the effects of compressibility and rarefaction on the flows were investigated through simulating flows with (a) same outlet Knudsen number (Kn) but different pressure drop ratios (=1.3 and 4.5) and (b) low pressure drop ratio (=1.9) but different Kn numbers (=0.043 and 0.083), respectively. For the situation (a), it was found that the high pressure drop flow (pressure ratio: 4.5) show a 15% higher friction coefficient than that of a fully developed flow while the low pressure drop flow (pressure ratio: 1.5) is consistent with incompressible flow prediction. The inspection for the velocity profile development shows that when pressures drop increase along the channel, the center-line velocity become flatten and the velocity gradients near the wall are higher compared with parabolic velocity profile. However, for the situation (b), the rarefactions actually reduce the friction coefficients by 22% (Kn: 0.083) and 36% (Kn: 0.043). An apparent velocity slips along the channel wall exist for both flows. We also studied gaseous flows in microchannels with different surface roughness. The DSMC results show that both relative surface roughness and roughness distribution play very important roles in microchannel flows. High magnitude and densely distributed surface roughness induce higher friction coefficient than that of smooth channels. In the thermal transport study, we simulated gaseous flows in micro/nano channels under uniform wall temperature (500K) boundary condition. Both temperature distribution and the effects of rarefaction on Nusselt number (Nu) are discussed by comparing with those of fully developed flows.