gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RELATIONS OF IDEALS OF CERTAIN REAL ABELIAN FIELDS (1998)

Abstract. Let k be a real abelian field and k ∞ be its Zp-extension for an odd prime p. Let An be the Sylow p-subgroup of the ideal class group of kn, the nth layer of the Zp-extension. By using the main conjecture of Iwasawa theory, we have the following: If p does not divide χ∈∆̂k,χ 6=1B1,χω−1, then An = {0} for all n ≥ 0, where ∆k = Gal(k/Q) and ω is the Teichmüller character for p. The converse of this statement does not hold in general. How-ever, we have the following when k is of prime conductor q: Let q be an odd prime different from p and let k be a real subfield of Q(ζq). If p | ∏ χ∈∆̂k,p,χ6=1B1,χω−1, then An 6 = {0} for all n ≥ 1, where ∆k,p is the Galois group Gal(k(p)/Q) and k(p) is the decomposition field of k for p.
Application of Neuroimaging in Relationship to Competence to Stand Trial and Insanity (2012)

Two of the most common and important questions addressed by forensic psychiatrists working in the criminal court system are competence to stand trial (present mental capacity) and legal insanity (mental state at the time of the crime). Neuroimaging studies of criminal defendants have been used to assist in answering these questions with increasing frequency over the last two decades. It is critical for forensic practitioners to appreciate the numerous potential obstacles to the productive use of neuroimaging techniques with respect to questions of competency and sanity. Perhaps most problematic is the attempt to infer a capacity for moral deliberation – or lack thereof – from an imaging study performed months or years after a criminal offense. Despite such concerns, an increase in the use of neuroimaging at various stages of criminal proceedings can be anticipated in the future.
Correction to: Partnership for Research on Ebola VACcination (PREVAC): protocol of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial evaluating three vaccine strategies against Ebola in healthy volunteers in four West African countries (2021)

Following the publication of the original article [1], we were notified of an error in the affiliation of 3 authors of the article: Celine Roy, Laura Richert and Genevieve Chene. Their affiliation was initially mentioned as: “Partnership for Research on Ebola Virus in Liberia (PREVAIL), Monrovia, Liberia” However, their correct affiliation is: Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, CIC 1401, EUCLID/F-CRIN Clinical Trials Platform, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.tp.
Sociology : an introduction (1995)

This is an introduction to sociology, suitable for students encountering the subject for the first time. Sociology is the study of human beings as individuals and the society we live in. It tackles issues which form the centre of our lives, such as the family, education and employment. Learning more about sociology can help us understand the social forces which constrain us, and empowers us to take control of our own lives. This title covers the theories and methods of sociology and the social divisions, including class, gender, race, age and ability. It also deals with the changing nature of the family, the media and its influence, power and politics, and crime and devience. It addresses the subjects of work, unemployment and leisure, the education system and the welfare state, including poverty and health.
Model-based verification for first time right manufacturing (2005)

In this paper we will describe the implementation of a system for model-based verification of post OPC data into a manufacturing data flow. Verification is run automatically, upon OPC completion, on the critical levels for every chip run in the 130nm node and beyond to ensure that OPC errors are caught before hardware is committed in the manufacturing line. The checks are derived from the design rule manual, and are written to cover the intent of the design rules. Some of the challenges of implementing a robust model-based verification solution for manufacturing will be discussed, including resource requirements, data management, cycle time, and the creation of a closed loop system to ensure that verification is completed on all chips. The benefits of implementing model-based verification include improved feedback to lithography and OPC teams, enabling constant improvement, as well as increasing the probability of first time right manufacturing of a new chip design.
MMPP promotes adipogenesis and glucose uptake via binding to the PPARγ ligand binding domain in 3T3-L1 MBX cells (2022)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor involved in adipogenesis, and its transcriptional activity depends on its ligands. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), well-known PPARγ agonists, are drugs that improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. However, TZDs are associated with severe adverse effects. As current therapies are not well designed, novel PPARγ agonists have been investigated in adipocytes. (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol (MMPP) is known to have anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. In this study, we demonstrated the adipogenic effects of MMPP on the regulation of PPARγ transcriptional activity during adipocyte differentiation <i>in vitro</i>. MMPP treatment increased PPARγ transcriptional activity, and molecular docking studies revealed that MMPP binds directly to the PPARγ ligand binding domain. MMPP and rosiglitazone showed similar binding affinities to the PPARγ. MMPP significantly promoted lipid accumulation in adipocyte cells and increased the expression of C/EBPβ and the levels of p-AKT, p-GSK3, and p-AMPKα at an early stage. MMPP enhanced the expression of adipogenic markers such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, FAS, ACC, GLUT4, FABP4 and adiponectin in the late stage. MMPP also improved insulin sensitivity by increasing glucose uptake. Thus, MMPP, as a PPARγ agonist, may be a potential drug for type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders, which may help increase adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity.
Effect of synthetic accessibility on the commercial viability of organic photovoltaics (2013)

For organic photovoltaics (OPVs) to become a viable source of renewable energy, the synthesis of organic active-layer materials will need to be scaled to thousands of kilograms. Additionally, the ultimate cost of these materials will need to be low enough to constitute only a small fraction of the cost of the solar cell module. In this study, we present a quantitative analysis, based on published small-scale synthetic procedures, to estimate the materials costs for several promising OPV materials when produced in large quantities. The cost in dollars-per-gram ($ per g) is found to increase linearly with the number of synthetic steps required to produce each organic photoactive compound. We estimate the cost-per-Watt ($ per Wp) as a function of power conversion efficiency (PCE) for an archetypal OPV structure and find that a relatively simple molecule requiring only 3 synthetic steps will contribute a cost of 0.001 to 0.01 $ per Wp, given a solar module PCE of 10%. In contrast, a relatively complicated molecule requiring 14 synthetic steps will contribute costs in the range of 0.075 to 0.48 $ per Wp. Our findings suggest that the commercial viability of an OPV technology may depend on the synthetic accessibility of its constituent active layer materials. Additionally, this work stresses the importance of optimizing synthetic routes to minimize solvent and reagent usage as well as to minimize the number of required workup procedures in the scaled production of OPV materials.
Real-Time Monitoring of Azo Dye Interfacial Adsorption at Silica–Water Interface by Total Internal Reflection-Induced Surface Evanescent Wave (2018)

An interface research method based on total internal reflection induced evanescent wave (TIR-EW) is developed to monitor the adsorption behavior of azo dye at the silica-water interface. The monitoring system is constructed by employing silica optical fiber (SOF) as both charged substrate for dye adsorption and light transmission waveguide for evanescent wave production. According to the change of evanescent wave intensity and followed by Beer's law, the methylene blue (MB) adsorption behavior can be real-time monitored at the silica-water interface. Langmuir adsorption model and pseudo-first-order model are applied to obtain the related thermodynamic and kinetic data. The adsorption equilibrium constant ( K<sub>ads</sub>) and adsorption free energy (Δ G) of MB at the silica-water interface are determined to be (3.3 ± 0.5) × 10<sup>4</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> and -25.7 ± 1.7 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>. Meanwhile, this method is highlighted to isolate elementary processes of adsorption and desorption under steady-state conditions, and gives adsorption rate constant ( k<sub>a</sub>) and desorption rate constant ( k<sub>d</sub>) of 8585 ± 19.8 min<sup>-1</sup> and 0.26 ± 0.0006 min<sup>-1</sup> for 15 r/min flow rate. The surface interaction process is revealed and adsorption mechanism is proposed, indicating MB first adsorbed on Si-O<sup>-</sup> sites through electrostatic attraction and then on Si-OH sites through hydrogen bond with increasing MB concentrations. Our findings from this study provided molecular-level interpretation of azo dye adsorption at silica-water interface, and the results provide important insight into how MB adsorption can be controlled at the interface.
Reversible wavelet and spectral transforms for lossless compression of color images (2002)

A new lossless image compression method for progressive-resolution transmission of color images is proposed. It is based on spatial and spectral transforms. Reversible wavelet transforms are performed across the red, green, and blue color components first. Then adaptive spectral transforms are applied to the associated color subbands. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can achieve bit rates that are about 20% lower than results obtained with comparable lossless image compression techniques supporting progressive-resolution transmission.
A High-Throughput Fluorescence-Based Assay System for Appetite-Regulating Gene and Drug Screening (2012)

The increasing number of people suffering from metabolic syndrome and obesity is becoming a serious problem not only in developed countries, but also in developing countries. However, there are few agents currently approved for the treatment of obesity. Those that are available are mainly appetite suppressants and gastrointestinal fat blockers. We have developed a simple and rapid method for the measurement of the feeding volume of Danio rerio (zebrafish). This assay can be used to screen appetite suppressants and enhancers. In this study, zebrafish were fed viable paramecia that were fluorescently-labeled, and feeding volume was measured using a 96-well microplate reader. Gene expression analysis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf), knockdown of appetite-regulating genes (neuropeptide Y, preproinsulin, melanocortin 4 receptor, agouti related protein, and cannabinoid receptor 1), and the administration of clinical appetite suppressants (fluoxetine, sibutramine, mazindol, phentermine, and rimonabant) revealed the similarity among mechanisms regulating appetite in zebrafish and mammals. In combination with behavioral analysis, we were able to evaluate adverse effects on locomotor activities from gene knockdown and chemical treatments. In conclusion, we have developed an assay that uses zebrafish, which can be applied to high-throughput screening and target gene discovery for appetite suppressants and enhancers.
Semi-Blind Source Separation for Memoryless Volterra Channels in UWB and its Uniqueness (2006)

We study in this article the output of an autocorrelation receiver for a delay-hopped transmitted-reference ultra-wideband (UWB) communications systems with multiple access. Next to a linear multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel, this receiver generates quadratic channels consisting of cross-product between original sources. Hence the received signal is the output of a multi-user (MU) MIMO Volterra channel, which can be ensured to be memoryless. We propose a novel blind algorithm to perform source separation and a semi-blind version of it. After demonstrating its effectiveness, we discuss the uniqueness problem for linear-quadratic channels with binary input
Role of Ev+0.98 Ev trap in light soaking-induced short circuit current instability in CIGS solar cells (2017)

Light-induced instabilities/degradation in Cu(In,Ga)Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (CIGS) solar cells are a prevalent and urgent issue to resolve to improve performance, uniformity, and reliability. Here, mechanisms contributing to light-induced instabilities are identified focusing on an observed short circuit current (JSC) reduction. External quantum efficiency measurements before and after light soaking identified a reduction in long wavelength photon carrier collection efficiency in the CIGS absorber layer. Using deep level optical spectroscopy (DLOS), the concentration of CIGS EV+0.98 eV deep level is correlated with the amount of JSC degradation, Finally, capacitance voltage (C-V) measurements reveal light induces a large reduction in the depletion depth and reduction of carrier collection and are all correlated with the JSC reduction. Finally, the EV+0.53 eV trap concentrations are shown to correlate with VOC instability but not the JSC reduction confirming that multiple trap-induced mechanism are responsible for the light-induced instabilities.
Copper( I )‐Catalyzed Photocycloaddition: 3,3‐Dimethyl‐ cis ‐bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan‐2‐one (2003)

Abstract Copper(I)‐catalyzed photocycloaddition: 3,3‐Dimethyl‐ cis ‐bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan‐2‐one intermediate: 2,2‐dimethyl‐4‐pentenal intermediate: 4,4‐dimethyl‐1,6‐heptadien‐3‐ol intermediate: 3,3‐dimethyl‐ cis ‐bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan‐2‐ol product: 3,3‐dimethyl‐ cis ‐bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan‐2‐one intermediate: 3,3‐dimethyl‐ endo ‐ cis ‐bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan‐2‐ol intermediate: 3,3‐dimethyl‐ exo ‐ cis ‐bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan‐2‐ol
Elastic constant anisotropy and disclination interaction in nematic polymers II. Effect of disclination interaction (2003)

A new tensorial approach introducing unequal elastic constants in a two-dimensional lattice model is applied to simulate the influence of disclination interaction on the structures of half-wedge disclinations, for the understanding of the variation of apparent elastic anisotropy ϵ measured from different disclinations in a texture (see preceding paper, part I [1 Song, W, Fan, X, Windle, A. H, Chen, S and Qian, R. 2003. Liq. Cryst., 30: 7[Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]]). The apparently random variation of ϵ implies that disclination interaction has a strong effect on the structure of disclinations; as elastic anisotropy increases, its impact becomes overpowering. Nevertheless the disclination interaction still acts in the same way as in the case of equal elastic constants. Analysis of the free energy of disclination pairs shows that the structures of both +1/2 and −1/2 disclinations are changed under the influence of a neighbouring disclination, but in different ways. For +1/2 disclination, the splay and bend distortions vary with the relative orientation of its −1/2 neighbour. Meanwhile, for −1/2 disclination, the bend and splay distortions are remarkably insensitive to the relative orientation of its +1/2 disclination neighbour.
Contactless Test of IC Pads, Pins, and TSVs via Standard Boundary Scan (2012)

The performance of an IC's inputs and outputs (I/Os) is always specified in IC data sheets and is the performance most likely to be affected by assembly steps. As the speed and number of I/Os increase beyond low-cost ATE capabilities, and I/O pads become smaller (less than 10 microns wide for 3D assemblies), built-in self-test (BIST) of this performance becomes more attractive. This article describes a BIST that exploits relatively low-speed IEEE 1149.1 boundary scan to access the I/Os and test performance with as low as 5 ps calibrated resolution, equivalent to a bandwidth approaching 100 GHz.
Studies on ATP Citrate Lyase of Rat Liver (1967)

Journal Article Studies on ATP Citrate Lyase of Rat Liver: II. Immunochemical Properties Get access FUJIO SUZUKI, FUJIO SUZUKI From the Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University, Dental SchoolOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KEIHACHI FUKUUNISH, KEIHACHI FUKUUNISH From the Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University, Dental SchoolOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar YASUSHI DAIKUHARA, YASUSHI DAIKUHARA From the Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University, Dental SchoolOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar YOSHIRO TAKEDA YOSHIRO TAKEDA From the Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University, Dental SchoolOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 62, Issue 2, August 1967, Pages 170–178, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a128645 Published: 01 August 1967 Article history Received: 16 January 1967 Published: 01 August 1967
Cone Photoreceptor Packing Density and the Outer Nuclear Layer Thickness in Healthy Subjects (2012)

The individual differences in cone packing density and ONL + HFL thickness are consistent with aging changes, indicating that normative aging data are necessary for fine comparisons in the early stages of disease or response to treatment. Our finding of ONL + HFL thickness increasing with aging is inconsistent with the hypothesis that ONL measurements with SDOCT depend only on the number of functioning cones, since in our older group cones were fewer, but thickness was greater.
An experimental study of single-film wide gamut multi-twist retarders (2017)

Multi-Twist Retarders (MTRs) are a class of complex retarders created by stacking multiple layers of various polymerizable nematic liquid crystal mixtures, where a chiral dopant may be added to each layer to control its twisting power. MTRs have a set of twist angles and thicknesses for each layer that are selected by use of a merit function. In this work, we utilize these degrees of freedom to create a single retarder film that can generate a variety of highly-chromatic retardation spectra, each selectable by the relative orientation of the MTR to the input polarization. Our goal in tuning is generation of multiple distinct color primaries, which when combined with patterning can generate full-color images in a single-film of liquid crystal.
Disentanglement for audio-visual emotion recognition using multitask\n setup (2021)

Deep learning models trained on audio-visual data have been successfully used\nto achieve state-of-the-art performance for emotion recognition. In particular,\nmodels trained with multitask learning have shown additional performance\nimprovements. However, such multitask models entangle information between the\ntasks, encoding the mutual dependencies present in label distributions in the\nreal world data used for training. This work explores the disentanglement of\nmultimodal signal representations for the primary task of emotion recognition\nand a secondary person identification task. In particular, we developed a\nmultitask framework to extract low-dimensional embeddings that aim to capture\nemotion specific information, while containing minimal information related to\nperson identity. We evaluate three different techniques for disentanglement and\nreport results of up to 13% disentanglement while maintaining emotion\nrecognition performance.\n
Evaluation of traditionally used medicinal plants for anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral (HPV-1) activity (2017)

The aim of this study was to determine the anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities of traditionally used medicinal plants. The extracts were tested for cytotoxicity against human melanoma (A375), epidermoid carcinoma (A431), cervical epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were also determined. Gomphocarpus fruticosus, Helichrysum kraussii and Syzygium jambos were selected for activity against the herpes simplex virus type-1. The extracts exhibited low toxicity towards HEK-293 cells, and four extracts; namely Acacia mellifera, G. fruticosus, H. kraussii and S. jambos, were able to inhibit the A431 and HeLa cells with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 34.90–56.20 μg/ml. Arbutus unedo, Combretum molle, Dissotis princeps, Erythrophleum lasianthum, Harpephyllum caffrum, H. kraussii and S. jambos, showed high DPPH inhibitory activity, with IC50 values ranging from 2.41–5.25 μg/ml. The highest antioxidant activity was seen for S. jambos (DPPH) and A. unedo (NO) respectively with greater activity than ascorbic acid. D. princeps, H. caffrum, Leucas martinicensis and S. jambos, showed high inhibition of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme with IC50 values ranging from 3.79–25.80 μg/ml with S. jambos showing the highest activity. S. jambos further showed the highest anti-HSV-1 activity at 50.00 μg/ml against 100TCID50virus challenge dose. This is the first report of the selected plants for their cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory and viral inhibitory activity. S. jambos was able to show high inhibition of the HPV type-1 virus and the COX-2 enzyme.
Subgroup assignment of a human monoclonal anti-Rh(D) antibody. (1991)

Variable subgroups of both chains of a human monoclonal anti-RH(D) IgG1 (kappa), QA37C3G6, were determined from their N-terminal sequences. Sequence comparison with corresponding chains of other human antibodies indicated that the light chain belongs to the third subgroup of human kappa-light chains while the heavy chain belongs to the second subgroup of human heavy chains.
A robust transfer matrix formulation for the ultrasonic response of multilayered absorbing media (1992)

An improved version of the transfer matrix approach is presented for ultrasonic wave interaction in multilayered media. Generalized expressions are obtained for reflection and transmission coefficients in either fluid or solid half-space and problems associated with numerical stability are solved efficiently. The formulation is applicable to longitudinal and shear input waves alike, at arbitrary incidence angles and for any sequence of solid or fluid layers. Also, allowance is made for viscoelastic behavior by means of relaxation functions in the Laplace transform domain. Finally, the response to arbitrary incident pulse shapes and beam profiles is described through application of two-dimensional numerical Laplace inversion.
Effect of overexpression of the small heat shock protein HSP27 on the heat and drug sensitivities of human testis tumor cells. (1996)

In contrast to most metastatic cancers, testicular germ cell tumors are cured in more than 80% of patients using cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. Testis tumor cells in vitro retain their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation, and other stresses, such as heat shock. Having shown that this is associated with low constitutive levels of heat shock protein (HSP) 27, we determined the effect of overexpression of HSP27 on the heat and drug sensitivities of a human testis tumor cell line, 833K. Cells were cotransfected with plasmids containing a neomycin resistance gene and the full-length human HSP27 gene, and four clones that overexpressed HSP27 by factors of 3.7-38.3-fold compared with the parental cells were selected. The overexpressing cells were more resistant to heat shock, cisplatin, and doxorubicin, and this was associated with modest increases (17-30%) in population doubling times and a small reduction in the number of S-phase cells. These results suggest that the low constitutive levels of HSP27 in testis tumor cells may contribute to the sensitivity of testicular germ cell tumors to chemotherapy, and that targeting HSP27 may improve response rates in other types of cancer.