gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation methods for amino group-possessing pesticides in biological samples (2000)

The separation methods for pesticides include liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction, gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectrometry (MS), GC-MS-MS, high-performance liquid chromatography (LC), LC-MS and LC-MS-MS. This review deals with each technique commonly used for extraction, chromatographic separation and detection of amino group possessing pesticides, such as diazines, triazines, carbamates, dinitroanilines and chloroacetanilides in biological samples. The methods presented for analysis of the pesticides in complicated biological matrices seem to be easily applicable to surface or groundwater in environmental chemistry.
Pandemic A/H1N1(2009) Influenza Infections in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants – a Case Series from the German Neonatal Network (2011)

6 cases of clinical influenza A/H1N1(2009) infections were reported within the multi-center German Neonatal Network (GNN) during the primary hospital stay in the pandemic season 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. Clinical symptoms varied from transient hyperthermia to apnea and severe respiratory distress. 1 fatal course with systemic inflammatory response after perinatal transmission of A/H1N1(2009) was observed. Oseltamivir treatment in 3/6 infants was without side effects. The reported cases have major implications for the management of VLBW infants: i) fatal courses after perinatal transmission are possible, ii) postnatal A/H1N1(2009) infection may result in life threatening events at a time when the infant is otherwise stable, iii) vaccination should be recommended for parents and medical staff to avoid nosocomial transmission, iv) more data are needed on the benefit and harm of antiviral drugs in preterm infants, v) neonatologists should suspect A/H1N1(2009) infection when unexplained sepsis-like or respiratory symptoms occur in VLBW infants.
The Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diets Are Associated with Less Cognitive Decline and a Lower Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease—A Review (2019)

As there is currently no cure for dementia, there is an urgent need for preventive strategies. The current review provides an overview of the existing evidence examining the associations of the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets and their dietary components with cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). A systematic search was conducted within Ovid Medline for studies published up to 27 March 2019 and reference lists from existing reviews and select articles were examined to supplement the electronic search results. In total, 56 articles were included. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with better cognitive scores in 9 of 12 cross-sectional studies, 17 of 25 longitudinal studies, and 1 of 3 trials. Higher adherence to the DASH diet was associated with better cognitive function in 1 cross-sectional study, 2 of 5 longitudinal studies, and 1 trial. Higher adherence to the MIND diet was associated with better cognitive scores in 1 cross-sectional study and 2 of 3 longitudinal studies. Evidence on the association of these dietary patterns with dementia in general was limited. However, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of AD in 1 case-control study and 6 of 8 longitudinal studies. Moreover, higher adherence to the DASH or MIND diets was associated with a lower AD risk in 1 longitudinal study. With respect to the components of these dietary patterns, olive oil may be associated with less cognitive decline. In conclusion, current scientific evidence suggests that higher adherence to the Mediterranean, DASH, or MIND diets is associated with less cognitive decline and a lower risk of AD, where the strongest associations are observed for the MIND diet.
Efficient expression and characterization of isolated structural domains of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase generated by site-directed mutagenesis (1989)

The two domains of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase were produced by recombinant techniques. The N-domain was obtained by the introduction of a termination codon at the position coding for Phe185, and the C-domain by a deletion in the gene of the coding sequence between Ser1 and Leu186. Both domains were efficiently expressed in yeast, the level for the C-domain being greater than that for the N-domain. Both domains were found to have a quasi-native structure; the C-domain retained its ability to bind nucleotides. Small local differences were detected in domain structure compared to that in the whole enzyme, probably due to the lack of interdomain stabilizing interactions. Nevertheless, such an approach provides direct evidence for independent folding of domains in a two-domain protein.
A Mild and Simple Zinc-Promoted Barbier-Type Allylation of Aldehydes in Liquid Ammonia (1996)

Abstract The Barbier reaction of allylic bromides and carbonyl compounds can be carried out in liquid ammonia using commercial zinc powder.
Casein micelle size in relation with casein composition and αs1, αs2, β and Κ casein contents in goat milk (1998)

The relationship between micelle size and casein micelle composition was studied on 21 individual goat milks from animais homozygous for as1casein variants A, B 2 , C, E, F and O.A large variation in milk composition was obtained, as a sl secretion levels varied from 7.2 g-kg"! in A milks to none in 0 milks.Mean micelle size (MMS), determined by photon correlation spectroscopy, varied between samples from 192 nm to 287 nm.This was explained by the different aspects of the histograms of casein distribution according to the size, determined from transmission electron microscopy data, which showed a maximum either in the low diameter range (20-130 nm) or in the large diameter region (130-260 nm), or even intermediary figures with a bimodal distribution.The caseins, as1CN, a s2 CN, ~CN and KCN were determined in milks from nitrogen malter determinations (N x 6.38) and RP-HPLC analysis of casein.Polynomial relations were calculated between micelle size and milk composition al parameters.MMS was correlated on one side to the as1CN and KCN levels in milks (g-kg'") and, on the other side, to the proportions of as1CN %, a s2 CN % and ~CN % in total casein.These polynomial relations allowed the prediction of the mean micelle size in milks from the casein levels, with aiS % accuracy.Monofactorial correlations also showed a significant effect of as1CN (r = -0.77),but not any of KCN.Mineral composition of milks was determined, calcium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and phosphorus, by a colorimetrie method.Goat milks were characterized by a constant colloidal inorganic P level (12.4 (SO = 1.7) mmol-kg ").In contrast, colloidal Ca (Cac), SerineP and total colloidal P (Pc) were correlated to the total casein content.The ratio CaclPc was the most constant parameter in goat milks, amounting 1.22 (SO = 0.05), presumably characterizing an unique mode of association of caseins in milk.No significant correlation was obtained between the colloidal Ca and P levels in milks and the size of micelles.© InralElsevier, Paris.goat milk 1 casein 1 micelle size 1 a sJ caseinl colloidal calcium and phosphorus Résumé -Taille des micelles du lait de chèvre en relation avec la composition de la caséine et les teneurs en caséines a sJ ' a s2 ' ~et K dans le lait.La relation entre la taille des micelles de caséine et la composition de la fraction caséine des laits a été étudiée sur 21 laits individuels provenant de
Frequency-domainP-approximant filters for time-truncated inspiral gravitational wave signals from compact binaries (2000)

Frequency-domain filters for time-windowed gravitational waves from inspiraling compact binaries are constructed which combine the excellent performance of our previously developed time-domain P approximants with the analytic convenience of the stationary phase approximation without a serious loss in event rate. These Fourier-domain representations incorporate the ``edge oscillations'' due to the (assumed) abrupt shutoff of the time-domain signal caused by the relativistic plunge at the last stable orbit. These new analytic approximations, the SPP approximants, are not only effectual for detection and faithful for parameter estimation, but are also computationally inexpensive to generate (and are faster by factors up to 10, as compared to the corresponding time-domain templates). The SPP approximants should provide data analysts the Fourier-domain templates for massive black hole binaries of total mass $m\ensuremath{\lesssim}{40M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}},$ the most likely sources for LIGO and VIRGO.
Degradation of Lignin Model Compounds in Organic Solvents. Part 1. Preliminary Studies (1991)

Abstract Preliminary studies were conducted on the degradation of guaiacylglycerol‐β‐aryl ether ( β‐O‐ 4′), phenylcoumaran (β‐5′) and biphenyl (5–5′) type lignin model compounds in the organic solvent systems such as ethanol‐water (1:1, v/v) and 2‐butanone‐water (1:1, v/v ), in the presence of a di‐ or trivalent inorganic salt to act as a Lewis acid in the temperature range 140–170°C and with a reaction time up to 60 minutes. The inorganic salts investigated include aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, and stannic chloride. The results indicate that lignin model compounds of both phenolic and non‐phenolicβ‐O‐4′ types are susceptible to degradation in organic solvent systems in the presence of one of these salts. Stannic chloride was found to be the most suitable catalyst for the degradation of β‐O‐ 4′ type lignin model compounds in the organic solvent systems. In contrast, lignin model compounds of β‐5′ and 5–5′ types did not undergo degradation under the same reaction conditions. A possible reaction mechanism for the degradation of β‐O‐ 4′ type lignin model compounds in organic solvent system in the presence of stannic chloride is discussed.
Widely tunable Ti:sapphire laser with highly efricient difference frequency generation in the visible spectral range (2006)

A kilohertz repetition rate Ti:sapphire laser provides nanosecond output pulses with energies in the millijoule range. A tuning range from 240 to 1010 nm is achieved with nonlinear optical SHG, THG and DFG modules.
Effective Prediction of Road Segment Occupancy for the Route-Reservation Architecture (2018)

The effect of traffic congestion within an urban region can be eliminated by curbing the number of vehicles that use the congested part of the transport network. To do so, earlier work by the authors introduced a novel route-reservation architecture that manages the vehicle departure times and makes the appropriate routing decisions so that vehicles arrive at their destination at the earliest possible time avoiding the congested parts of the network Menelaou et al. (2017a,b). Under the proposed route-reservation architecture, the future state of each road segment is predicted based on the received reservations and assuming that all vehicles travel at a constant speed which is set equal with the free-flow speed. Even within a homogeneous region, this assumption is not always valid which can lead to non accurate estimation of the time that a vehicle occupies a road segment which in turn affects the accuracy of the overall architecture. Therefore, the key objective of this work is to investigate different prediction schemes that improve the prediction-accuracy of vehicles travel times within each road segment. In this paper we explore two prediction methods, an Exponential Moving Average (EMA) and a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method. The performance of the two prediction schemes is also presented. Finally, realistic simulation results across an urban region of San Francisco demonstrate the gains that can be achieved applying the proposed prediction methods.
Bioinformatics (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Bioinformatics Support for Mass Spectrometric Quality Control References Use of Physico-Chemical Properties in Peptide and Protein Identification References
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND PHARMAKOLOGIE EINES PARGYLINE‐ANALOGEN, N‐3‐(1‐BUTINYL)‐BENZYLAMIN (1973)

Abstract Das aus 1‐Butin‐3‐01 (I) mit Thionylchlorid in Gegenwart von Pyridin erhältliche 3‐Chlor‐1‐butin (II) ergibt durch Umsetzung mit Benzylamin in Wasser die als Hydrochlorid isolierte Verbindung (III), die mit Pargyline (IV) in naher struktureller Beziehung steht.
Cutting Edge: TCR-β Selection Is Required at the CD4+CD8+ Stage of Human T Cell Development (2021)

T cell development is predicated on the successful rearrangement of the TCR gene loci, which encode for Ag-specific receptors. Recombination-activating gene (RAG) 2 is required for TCR gene rearrangements, which occur during specific stages of T cell development. In this study, we differentiated human pluripotent stem cells with a CRISPR/Cas9-directed deletion of the <i>RAG2</i> gene (RAG2-KO) to elucidate the requirement for the TCR β-chain in mediating β-selection during human T cell development. In stark contrast to mice, human RAG2-KO T lineage progenitors progressed to the CD4<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> double-positive (DP) stage in the absence of TCRβ rearrangements. Nonetheless, RAG2-KO DPs retrovirally transduced to express a rearranged TCR β-chain showed increased survival and proliferation as compared with control-transduced RAG2-KO DPs. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis showed that TCRβ- and control-transduced RAG2-KO DPs differed in gene pathways related to survival and proliferation. Our results provide important insights as to the distinct requirement for the TCR β-chain during human T cell development.
Visualization and quantification of transition metal atomic mixing in Mo1−xWxS2 single layers (2013)

The alloying behaviour of materials is a well-known problem in all kinds of compounds. Revealing the heteroatomic distributions in two-dimensional crystals is particularly critical for their practical use as nano-devices. Here we obtain statistics of the homo- and heteroatomic coordinates in single-layered Mo(1-x)W(x)S(2) from the atomically resolved scanning transmission electron microscope images and successfully quantify the degree of alloying for the transition metal elements (Mo or W). The results reveal the random alloying of this mixed dichalcogenide system throughout the chemical compositions (x=0 to 1). Such a direct route to gain an insight into the alloying degree on individual atom basis will find broad applications in characterizing low-dimensional heterocompounds and become an important complement to the existing theoretical methods.
Synthesis of ω-Hydroxy Quaternary Ammonium Bolaform Surfactants (1998)

Several members of a novel class of w-substituted asymmetric bolaform surfactants have been synthesized in order to investigate their surfactant and biological properties. The ?-hydroxy trialkylammonium and pyridinium surfactants have significant antimicrobial and antifungal activity relative to their conventional analogues. For conventional quaternary ammonium alkyl surfactants, increasing the hydrocarbon chain length causes a decrease in the surfactant monomer solubility and a corresponding decrease in the biological activity. No such trend is observed for the ?-hydroxy quaternary ammonium bromide series.
Fast capture and multiplexed detection of short multi-arm DNA stars in solid-state nanopores (2019)

Fast and multiplexed detection of low-abundance disease biomarkers at the point-of-need would transform medicine. Nanopores have gained attention as single-molecule counters to electrically detect a range of biological molecules in a handheld format, but challenges remain before diagnostic applications can emerge. For solid-state nanopore sensors, the specificity of the ionic current signatures and the rate of target capture required to simultaneously recognize and rapidly count a mixture of molecular targets in a complex sample are active areas of research. Herein, we study the capture and translocation characteristics of short N-arm star shaped DNA nanostructures to evaluate their potential as a family of surrogate label molecules for biomarkers of interest, designed for fast and reliable multiplexed detection based on conductance blockages. Simple hybridization of a varying number of short, easily synthesized 50 bp ssDNA strands allows the number of arms in the star shape DNA to be controlled from N = 3 to 12. By introducing more arms to the nanostructures, we show that we can controllably increase the nanopore signal-to-noise ratio for a range of pore sizes, producing conductance blockages which increase linearly with the number of arms, and we demonstrate conductance-based multiplexing through simultaneous detection of three such nanostructures. Moreover, the increased molecular signal strength facilitates detection under salt concentration asymmetries, allowing for a capture rate enhancement of two orders of magnitude without compromising the nanopore temporal and ionic signals. Together, these attributes (strong signal, multiplexing potential and increased counting rate) make the N-arm star DNA-based nanostructures promising candidates as proxy labels for the detection of multiple biomarkers of interest in future high sensitivity single-molecule solid-state nanopore-based assays.
Figure S5 from Screening of Conditionally Reprogrammed Patient-Derived Carcinoma Cells Identifies ERCC3–MYC Interactions as a Target in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 5. Quantified protein expression in PDAC 001 cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Application constraints in the design of an automatic reading device for analog display instruments (2002)

An analysis system design based on experience with a successful application in the field of inspection and calibration of an analog display measuring instrument is presented in this paper. First the measuring instrument is divided into its primitiva, defining the a priori known parameter of the primitiva: shape, relative position and size. According to the shape of the primitiva pattern recognition algorithms are used to detect the primitiva in intensity images. These independent detection algorithms are then grouped into a detecting order with respect to efficiency. Following a discussion of the general design of the detecting algorithm, specific constraints of the application and the industrial environment are considered in order to refine the general design to an applicable and efficient device by modifying both hardware and software configuration depending on the given constraints. Finally, results of the implementation of the algorithm and the constructed image acquisition device are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comprehensive evaluation of early retention (fast charge loss within a few seconds) characteristics in tube-type 3-D NAND flash memory (2016)

A fast charge loss within a few seconds, which is referred to as early retention, was observed in tube-type 2y word-line stacked 3-D NAND flash memory for the first time, and the origin of the early retention was comprehensively evaluated. Using a fast-response pulse I-V system, the early retention characteristics from microseconds to seconds were thoroughly investigated, and the correlations with various program and erase levels were examined using solid and checkerboard patterns. Our findings indicate that the early retention mainly originates from the lateral charge loss through the shared charge trap layers and suggest that the program and erase levels should be balanced and optimized to reduce the early retention.
CP Properties of Higgs Boson Interactions with Top Quarks in the tt¯H and tH Processes Using H→γγ with the ATLAS Detector:Physical review letters (2020)

A study of the charge conjugation and parity (CP) properties of the interaction between the Higgs boson and top quarks is presented. Higgs bosons are identified via the diphoton decay channel (H→γγ), and their production in association with a top quark pair (tt¯H) or single top quark (tH) is studied. The analysis uses 139  fb-1 of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Assuming a CP-even coupling, the tt¯H process is observed with a significance of 5.2 standard deviations. The measured cross section times H→γγ branching ratio is 1.64-0.36 +0.38(stat)-0.14+0.17(sys)  fb, and the measured rate for tt¯H is 1.43-0.31+0.33(stat)-0.15+0.21(sys) times the Standard Model expectation. The tH production process is not observed and an upper limit on its rate of 12 times the Standard Model expectation is set. A CP- mixing angle greater (less) than 43 (-43)° is excluded at 95% confidence level.
A Low Rate of Central Nervous System Progression in a Phase II Trial of Outpatient Chemobiologic Therapy With Cisplatin, Temozolomide, Interleukin-2, and Interferon Alfa 2-B for Metastatic Malignant Melanoma (2005)

The objective of this study was to evaluate an outpatient chemobiotherapy regimen for metastatic melanoma that included an agent with central nervous system (CNS) antitumor activity. Patients without prior therapy for metastatic disease received 20 mg/m2 cisplatin intravenously on days 1 through 4, 100 mg/m2 temozolomide orally on days 1 through 5, concurrent with 5 MIU/m2 interferon alfa 2-B subcutaneously on days 1 through 5 and 10 MIU/m2 interleukin-2 subcutaneously on days 1 and 6 MIU/m2 subcutaneously on days 2 through 4. Treatment was given every 21 days to a maximum of 6 cycles. Twenty-four patients were enrolled. Significant toxicities included grade 3 or 4 nausea/vomiting in 8 (33%) and electrolyte abnormalities in 9 (38%). There were no episodes of febrile neutropenia or treatment-related deaths. Of 21 evaluable patients, responses were 6 progressive disease, 10 stable disease (SD), 3 partial remission (PR), and 2 complete remission (CR) (response rate 5 of 21= 24%). Four patients with SD or PR had prolonged survivals (23, 24, 37+, and 39 months). The 2 patients with clinical or pathologic CR had durable remissions (42+ and 46+ months). Median survival based on intent to treat was 291 days. Of 21 evaluable patients, 3 progressed initially in the CNS and none of the 5 patients achieving PR/CR progressed initially in the CNS. This regimen had significant morbidity but was safely delivered in the outpatient setting. Objective responses, prolonged stable disease, and durable remissions indicate activity. There was a lower-than-expected rate of initial CNS progression.
The Fundamental Characteristics of a Translational Scientist (2019)

Translational science is defined as the field of investigation focused on understanding the scientific and operational principles underlying each step of the translational process. Further development of the field is advanced by describing the key desirable characteristics of individuals who seek to uncover these principles to increase the efficiency and efficacy of translation. The members of Translation Together, a newly launched international collaborative effort to advance translational innovation, present here a consensus representation of the fundamental characteristics of a translational scientist. We invite all stakeholders to contribute in the ongoing efforts to develop the field and educate the next generation of translational scientists.