gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive resistance to RAF inhibitors in melanoma (2014)

The discovery of activating mutations in BRAF at high frequency in cutaneous melanoma opened the door to new treatment options, which have resulted in significantly better patient outcomes. Treatments such as the FDA-approved RAF inhibitor vemurafenib and the more recently approved dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy are designed to target the ERK1/2 pathway. Initial success in targeting this pathway is evidenced by the high percentage of melanoma patients who undergo tumor remission. However, the beneficial effects of these targeted therapies are usually short-lived due to the development of resistance, which leads to disease progression. As a result, studies have focused on the acquired forms of resistance that develop following continued exposure to therapy. Conversely, far fewer studies have investigated the adaptive forms of resistance, which activate rapidly, promote cell survival, and may underlie the development of acquired resistance by providing melanoma cells the time to develop additional mutations. We provide a detailed review of the known mechanisms of adaptive resistance in melanoma and relate them to similar responses to targeted therapies in other tumor types.
Silicon micromachined sensors and sensor arrays for shear-stress measurements in aerodynamic flows (1996)

In this thesis we report on a new micromachined floating-element shear-stress sensor for turbulent boundary layer research. Applications in low shear-stress environments such as turbulent boundary layers require extremely high sensitivity to detect the small forces (O(nN)) and correspondingly small displacements (O()) of the floating-element. In addition, unsteady measurements in turbulent flows require sensors with high operating bandwidth (~20 kHz). These requirements render most of the existing shear-stress measurement techniques inadequate for this application. In response to the limitations of the existing devices, we have developed a sensor based on a new transduction scheme (optical position sensing by integrated photodiodes). The sensors developed in this thesis have a measured resolution of 0.003 Pa, with a measured range of 133 Pa and the dynamic response of the sensor has been measured to 10 kHz.
A new approach to study attached biofilms and floating communities from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains of various origins reveals diverse effects of divalent ions (2018)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial infections and disease complications. In the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) individuals, biofilm growth plays a crucial role in the persistence and antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa. Some strains, adapted to the CF lung microenvironment, show distinguishable phenotypes linked to biofilm production when compared to other strains. Using a novel image analysis quantification approach with crystal violet-stained biofilms, we compared the biofilm formation of four different P. aeruginosa isolates in 24-well plates: PAO1, the reference strain, LESB58 from CF patients' lungs and PPF-1 and Urg-7, two environmental isolates from dental unit waterlines. We also observed the formation of biofilm-like structures (BLSs) floating in the medium and investigated growth inhibition of the attached biofilm and BLS with Mg2+ or Zn2+. Urg-7 produced the most attached biofilms, but not the most BLSs. Attached biofilms had different responses to cations than BLSs did, but the effect of the cations was similar for all strains. These results demonstrate some diversity of biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa and indicate that chemical inhibition of attached biofilm formation for a specific strain or isolate cannot be predicative of a result on other P. aeruginosa strains or on BLSs.
Three-dimensional modeling and numerical analysis of fractional flow reserve in human coronary arteries (2016)

FFRCT derived from CT of the coronary artery is a reliable non-invasive way providing reliable functional information of coronary artery stenosis.
Pressure sensitivity and phenotypic changes in patients with suspected opioid-induced hyperalgesia being withdrawn from full mu agonists. (2017)

Our study is the first to look at pressure pain sensitivity in patients who were taking opioids and transitioned to buprenorphine. These results suggest that the patients most likely to benefit from buprenorphine therapy are those on higher doses. In addition, the eventual return back to baseline on measures of pain phenotype and pressure sensitivity suggests that buprenorphine may over time result in a return of the hyperalgesic effects of a full mu agonist.
Precursor Nanoscale Strain Textures: From Cross-Hatched to Mottled Structure (2013)

We present a theoretical of study the influence of the elastic anisotropy on structural patterns observed in cubic materials.
The Implementation of a Distributed Framework to support ‘Follow Me’ Applications (1998)

Follow me applications support user mobility by adapting their behaviour to follow a user as he moves around a building. In order to adapt sensibly to their current environment, such applications need to know about the location and status of people and computing resources. This information needs to be readily accessible and must be up-to-date and accurate. As such a system involves human interaction, this presents some real-time constraints. This paper describes a framework for supporting such applications. It is based around a 3-tier architecture comprising a centralised database, a middle layer of parallel servers and a collectionof distributedclients. Some clients gather information from the environment, and are long running. Other clients are mobile applications, which must respond rapidly to environmental changes. As all these applications are in daily use, robustness and availability are key additional requirements. The framework uses on-demand loading of CORBA objects and is sufficiently flexible and scalable to be applied to a wide variety of other application areas. The paper also describes some experiences of deploying a substantial CORBA based system. In particular, it shows how a design evolves due to changing requirements and problems encountered, and illustrates the importance of being able to rapidly prototype systems prior to deployment in order to adapt to these changes and to explore alternative solutions.
From Minstrels to Martyrs (2008)

By comparing two anthologies of poetry, the first published early in the twentieth century, the second at the end, we can conveniently trace a survey of the field. J. Bruce Glasier's The Minstrelsy of Peace: A Collection of Notable Verse in the English Tongue, Relating to Peace and War, Ranging from the Fifteenth Century to the Present Day, although undated, was first published during the First World War.1 Glasier's rhetoric is very much that of his time in about 1915, but his Introduction stands out as the first work dedicated to constructing an argument that peace is a valid subject for poetry and indeed that poetry is a natural vehicle for peace, and his anthology is the first to trace historically this assumption from medieval times up to 'The European War'. There are writers who have long been accepted as canonical alongside many who have sunk without trace from literary history, as well as some literal 'Unknowns' and anonymous 'Broadside Ballads'. Among those we would expect to be included because of their explicit views or dissenting politics — Lydgate, Cowper, Burns, Blake, Byron, Shelley, William Morris, Edward Carpenter and others — we also find some unexpected names that are more often associated with nationalism or ruling-class interests — Southey, Wordsworth, Scott, Tennyson, Longfellow — showing that peace can be a levelling subject, inspiring poets to break from their accustomed political ranks. Because of the date of his work, Glasier did not have access to the poems of Owen, Blunden and Rosenberg, but he does include Siegfried Sassoon, Wilfred Wilson Gibson and 'A. E.' (George Russell).KeywordsEnglish LiteratureFifteenth CenturyMedieval TimeValid SubjectExplicit ViewThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Location Privacy Enforcement in a Location-Based Services Platform (2009)

Location privacy management is an important requirement for location based services. Here we describe the design and implementation of location privacy enforcement mechanisms based on the IETF Geopriv specifications as part a location-based services platform that we previously developed. Our design involves a new and more efficient session-based access validation mechanism. In addition, we evaluate the expressiveness of Geopriv rules for describing a variety of privacy rules. We find a number of limitations and propose some methods for extending the rule notation for addressing these limitations. We conclude with an overview of our prototype implementation.
SaaS Multi-Tenancy (2012)

SaaS (Software as a Service) provides new business opportunities for application providers to serve more customers in a scalable and cost-effective way. SaaS also raises new challenges and one of them is multi-tenancy. Multi-tenancy is the requirement of deploying only one shared application to serve multiple customers (i.e. tenant) instead of deploying one dedicated application for each customer. This paper describes the authors’ practice of developing and deploying multi-tenant technologies. This paper targets a technology that could quickly enable existing Java EE (Enterprise Edition) applications to be multi-tenancy enabled thus having the benefit of quick time to market. This paper describes the overall framework of multi-tenant SaaS platform, how to migrate an existing Java EE application, how to provision the multi-tenant application, and how to onboard the tenants. The paper also shows experiments which compare the economics of multi-tenant SaaS deployment versus traditional application deployment (one application for one tenant) with precise data.
Porous Chitin Microbeads for More Sustainable Cosmetics (2017)

The microbead form is a material architecture that is promising for use in biomedical and cosmetic applications; however, the use of petroleum-based microbeads (i.e., plastics) has raised significant environmental concerns in recent years. Microbeads prepared from renewable polymers could represent a sustainable alternative to these synthetic microbeads. This work explores the use of chitin in preparing biodegradable, biocompatible microbeads of low toxicity. Chitin microbeads were synthesized using the ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]); the IL was used to both extract chitin directly from waste shrimp shell and to prepare the porous microbeads by coagulation in polypropylene glycol (PPG). The effects of biopolymer source and bead-preparation parameters on the formation of beads were investigated, as well as the effects of the drying conditions on the dry bead structure. It was found that IL-extracted chitin could be used to prepare beads of homogeneous size distribution (with 60% of beads 125–250 μm) and shape, while commercially available practical grade chitin could not, suggesting that high molecular weight chitin is required for bead-material formation. Supercritical CO2 drying and lyophilization of the wet beads led to dry chitin beads with an opaque appearance, porous interiors, and uniform shape. Loading and release studies of representative active compounds (indigo dye and sodium salicylate) into the chitin beads indicated that the dry beads could be easily loaded from an aqueous solution of active compound and could release 90% of the active compound within 7 h in deionized (DI) water at room temperature.
Ballistic-electron emission microscopy studies of charge trapping in SiO2 (1996)

We have used ballistic-electron emission microscopy (BEEM) to locally inject and microscopically characterize trapped charge in metal-oxide-semiconductor structures made with Pt metal electrodes, moderately thick (∼25 nm) SiO2 films and p-type Si substrates. Electrons injected into the oxide conduction band produce a local suppression in the transmitted BEEM current across the oxide. This suppression depends on the voltage Vox applied across the oxide during injection, indicating that its source is within the oxide film, and does not simply result from hot-electron damage at the metal-oxide interface. This suppression is accompanied by a local increase in the BEEM I-V curve threshold voltage, consistent with a build-up of trapped BEEM electrons in the oxide. For a given trapped charge density we find that the threshold varies systematically with Vox applied during I-V curve measurement. We use these variations to make estimates of the trapped charge density and approximate depth in the oxide film, and find them consistent with previous macroscopic observations. We further study the lateral extent of the suppression and the lifetime of this effect. We also measure the height of the Pt-SiO2 barrier and observe its lowering due to the image force effect.
Qualitative changes in human γ-secretase underlie familial Alzheimer’s disease (2015)

Presenilin (PSEN) pathogenic mutations cause familial Alzheimer's disease (AD [FAD]) in an autosomal-dominant manner. The extent to which the healthy and diseased alleles influence each other to cause neurodegeneration remains unclear. In this study, we assessed γ-secretase activity in brain samples from 15 nondemented subjects, 22 FAD patients harboring nine different mutations in PSEN1, and 11 sporadic AD (SAD) patients. FAD and control brain samples had similar overall γ-secretase activity levels, and therefore, loss of overall (endopeptidase) γ-secretase function cannot be an essential part of the pathogenic mechanism. In contrast, impaired carboxypeptidase-like activity (γ-secretase dysfunction) is a constant feature in all FAD brains. Significantly, we demonstrate that pharmacological activation of the carboxypeptidase-like γ-secretase activity with γ-secretase modulators alleviates the mutant PSEN pathogenic effects. Most SAD cases display normal endo- and carboxypeptidase-like γ-secretase activities. However and interestingly, a few SAD patient samples display γ-secretase dysfunction, suggesting that γ-secretase may play a role in some SAD cases. In conclusion, our study highlights qualitative shifts in amyloid-β (Aβ) profiles as the common denominator in FAD and supports a model in which the healthy allele contributes with normal Aβ products and the diseased allele generates longer aggregation-prone peptides that act as seeds inducing toxic amyloid conformations.
Determination of metal ions by capillary zone electrophoresis with on-column chelation using 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid [Erratum to document cited in CA114(2):16689q] (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of metal ions by capillary zone electrophoresis with on-column chelation using 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid [Erratum to document cited in CA114(2):16689q]David F. Swaile and Michael E. SepaniakCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 8, 848Publication Date (Print):April 15, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00008a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00008a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Monocarboxylic Acids and Unsymmetric Dicarboxylates via Quaternary Ammonium Salts of 2‐ Aminoethyl 1,4‐Dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylates. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
21세기 중국 조선족학교의 ‘학교문화(學校文化)’ 연구 - ‘학교문화’ 변형의 원인 분석 - (2017)

본 논문은 21세기 조선족학교의 학교문화가 여러 가지 원인으로 급격하게 변형되는 모습을 살펴보고, 그 원인을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 기존의 조선족학교 학교문화를 살펴보았고, 뒤에서 변형된 학교문화와 그 원인을 다각도로 접근하였다. 더 나아가 본 논문은 단순히 과거 조선족학교 학교문화로의 회귀가 아닌 21세기에 맞는 새로운 조선족학교 학교문화에 대해 생각하는 기회를 마련하고자 하였다.
현재 중국 조선족학교는 조선족 집거지의 붕괴와 그에 따른 학생 감소로 수많은 학교가 병합·폐교되면서 사라져갔다. 이에 그동안 지녀왔던 민족적 특색의 조선족학교 학교문화가 변형되거나 흔적도 없이 사라져가고 있다. 그 원인은 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 가장 큰 원인은 역시 학생 부족이다. 둘째, 조선족학교의 정체성 혼란은 학교문화의 변형을 가져왔다. 셋째, 민족교육의 약화는 학교문화의 변형을 가져왔다. 넷째, 교원의 수급불균형과 노령화의 심각성은 학교문화 변형의 원인이 되었다. 다섯째, 조선족공동체 역할의 축소 및 붕괴가 학교문화 변형의 원인이다. 여섯째, 학부모가 자녀와 함께 살지 않는 것도 학교문화를 변형시킨 원인이다.
본 논문은 조선족학교 학교문화가 변형되는 원인을 다각도로 고찰한 연구이다. 지금의 조선족학교 학교문화의 변형이 앞으로 시대에 맞는 새로운 학교문화로 변화하기를 희망한다. 이를 위해서는 조선족학교가 단순하게 학생 부족만이 가장 큰 문제로 여겼던 기존의 생각을 버리고 다양하게 전개되고 있는 여러 복잡한 문제를 많은 사람들이 인식하고 그 해결 방안이 무엇인지를 고민해야 할 것이다.
Universal n−5 spectrum of zonal flows on giant planets (2001)

The energy spectra of the observed zonal flows on Jupiter and Saturn are shown to obey the scaling law EZ(n)=CZ(Ω/R)2n−5 in the range of total wave numbers n not affected by large scale friction (here, Ω and R are the rotation rate and the radius of the planet, and CZ is an order-one constant). These spectra broadly resemble their counterpart in recent simulations of turbulent flows on the surface of a rotating sphere [Huang et al., Phys. Fluids 13, 225 (2001)] that represents a strongly anisotropic flow regime evoked by the planetary vorticity gradient. It is conjectured that this regime governs the large scale circulations and the multiple zonal jets on giant planets. The observed strong equatorial jets that were not produced in the nearly inviscid simulations by Huang et al. are attributed to the combined effect of the energy condensation in the lowest zonal modes and the large scale friction.
A gentle introduction to support vector medicines in biomedicine (2011)

Necessary Mathematical Concepts Support Vector Machines (SVMs) for Binary Classification: Classical Formulation Basic Principles of Statistical Machine Learning Model Selection for SVMs SVMs for Multi-Category Classification Support Vector Regression (SVR) Novelty Detection with SVM-Based Methods Support Vector Clustering SVM-Based Variable Selection Computing Posterior Class Probabilities For SVM Classifiers.
Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy of a non-graphitizing carbon (2022)

Non-graphitizing carbons (NGCs) are an important class of solid carbons which cannot be converted into graphite by high-temperature heat treatment. They include commercially valuable materials such as activated carbon and glassy carbon. These carbons have been intensively studied for decades, but there is still no agreement about their detailed atomic structure, or the reasons for their resistance to graphitization. The first models for graphitizing and NGCs were proposed by Rosalind Franklin in the early 1950s, and while these are broadly correct, they are incomplete. Many alternative models of NGCs have been put forward since Franklin's time, but none has received universal acceptance. Diffraction and spectroscopic techniques can provide important insights into the nature of these carbons, but only direct microscopic imaging can reveal their true atomic structure. Here, we apply aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy to an activated carbon prepared from waste biomass and present evidence for the presence of pentagonal and heptagonal carbon rings. This provides support for a model of the structure of NGC made up of curved fragments in which non-hexagonal rings are dispersed randomly throughout hexagonal networks.
Subpicosecond optoelectronic study of superconducting transmission lines (1987)

We have studied the propagation of subpicosecond electrical pulses on coplanar superconducting Nb transmission lines. Pulses with 0.6 ps full width at half maximum were generated by photoconductively shorting a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim 10 \mu</tex> m region between two charged 1 to 5 μm lines separated by a 2 to 10 μm gap. The propagating pulses were sampled by the delayed shorting of a fast phototconductive switch between a sampling probe and one of the transmission lines at variable distances away from the generation point. Silicon-on-sapphire wafers served as the transmission line substrate, with the 0.5 μm thick Si layer heavily damaged by an oxygen implant to provide the subpicosecond carrier life time for the excitation and probe switches. Measurements and analyses of pulses propagated up to 8 mm distance at temperatures from 2 K to 10 K showed a threshold for strong attenuation and dispersion at a frequency reflecting the onset of pair breaking in the superconducting transmission lines. The results at least qualitatively confirm the superconducting microstrip transmission line calculations of Kautz based on Mattis and Bardeen's formulae for the complex conductivity of superconductors.
Dispersive evaluation and self-sensing of single-fiber/acid-treated CNT-epoxy nanocomposites using electromicromechanical techniques and acoustic emission (2009)

Self-sensing and dispersive evaluation were investigated with different dispersion solvents for single carbon fiber/acid treated carbon nanotube (CNT)-epoxy composites by electro-micromechanical technique and acoustic emission (AE) under cyclic loading/subsequent unloading. Gradient nanocomposite specimen was used to obtain contact resistivity using two- and four-probe method. Optimized dispersion procedure was set up to obtain improved mechanical and electrical properties. The case using good dispersion solvent exhibited higher apparent modulus and lower electrical contact resistivity for both the untreated and acid-treated CNT-epoxy composites. It is because of better stress transferring effect and enhanced interfacial adhesion. Micro-damage sensing was also detected simultaneously by AE combined with electrical resistance measurement. It exhibited the stepwise increase with progressing fiber fracture due to the maintaining numerous electrical contacts of CNT. Thin network of CNT by dipping method was formed on glass substrate to obtain conductive and transparent plate by UV transmittance.