gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependence of Peptide Binding by MHC Class I Molecules on Their Interaction with TAP (1995)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules bind peptides that are delivered from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum by the MHC-encoded transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Peptide capture by immature heterodimers of class I heavy chains and beta 2-microglobulin may be facilitated by their physical association with TAP. A genetic defect in a human mutant cell line causes the complete failure of diverse class I heterodimers to associate with TAP. This deficiency impairs the ability of the class I heterodimers to efficiently capture peptides and results from loss of function of an unidentified gene or genes linked to the MHC.
Evidence for Natural Anticancer Properties of Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles (2020)

1026 Objectives: To date, the therapeutic properties of π-conjugated polymers especially in the form of aqueous nanoparticles, the so-called conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs), have been verified merely upon laser irradiation via the well-established photodynamic and photothermal therapies. In this contribution, it is manifested for the first time the natural anticancer properties of single CPNs. This has been accomplished by studying the cell viability of new CPNs in physiological human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC), human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT116) and metastatic human melanoma cell line (WM164). The discovery of natural anticancer properties in conjugated polymers can form a new frontier in bioelectronics and nanomedicine and represent a new direction that is orthogonal to the more established areas of conjugated polymers for optoelectronic devices and conjugated polyelectrolyte biosensors. The combined natural anticancer and bioimaging properties of CPNs point to a new strategy for obtaining novel organic nanomaterials for cancer theranostics.
A Dual-Input Digitally Driven Doherty Amplifier Architecture for Performance Enhancement of Doherty Transmitters (2011)

In this paper, the novel architecture of a dual-input and digitally driven Doherty amplifier is proposed with the aim of improving the performance of gallium-nitride (GaN) Doherty transmitters. In this work, the power efficiency is enhanced by using digital adaptive phase alignment to compensate for performance degradation due to bias and power-dependant phase misalignment between the carrier and peaking branches. For experimental validation, the proposed dual-input digital Doherty power amplifier (PA) was implemented using a 10-W GaN transistor. Measurement results demonstrate that the dual-input Doherty prototype exhibited a power-added efficiency (PAE) higher than 50% over an 8-dB output power back-off (OPBO) range. In comparison with the conventional fully analog Doherty PA, this represents a 10% improvement in PAE over the same OPBO range. Using a one-carrier Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access signal with a 7-dB peak-to-average power ratio, the dual-input Doherty PA, with digital adaptive phase alignment applied at the input of its peaking path, achieved a PAE of 57% at an average output power of 37.8 dBm, along with a - 22-dBc adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR). This corresponds to an improvement of 7% in PAE and 1 dB in average output power for the same ACPR level in comparison with a conventional fully analog Doherty PA.
Regulatory T cells: which role in the pathogenesis and treatment of allergic disorders? (2005)

Several recent data suggest the importance of different types of cells in the regulation of T-cell effector-mediated immune responses. However, a unique specific marker for these cells has not yet been identified. Moreover, in addition to a dedicated functional lineage, even a 'plastic' phenotype of regulatory T cells seems to exist. The lack of a unique specific marker for regulatory T cells, as well as their heterogeneity, make it difficult to determine whether a defect of regulatory T cells plays a role in the pathogenesis of common allergic disorders. Novel therapeutic strategies based on the induction or potentiation of regulatory T cells able to hamper allergic inflammatory reactions are desirable, but their possible efficacy and safety are not yet known. At present, therapeutic strategies able to induce an immune deviation of allergen-specific type 2 T-helper responses to a less polarized phenotype rather than a general immune suppression appear more realistic.
Thermal effects on cavity stability of chromium- and neodymium-doped gadolinium scandium gallium garnet laser under solar-simulator pumping (1991)

A chromium- and neodymium-codoped gadolinium scandium gallium garnet (Cr:Nd:GSGG) crystal was tested for pulsed- and continuous-wave (cw) laser operations with a flashlamp and solar simulator as pumping sources. The crystal has been considered as a good candidate for a solar-pumped laser because of its broad absorption bands over the solar spectrum. However, it was observed experimentally and theoretically that its cw laser operation is difficult at high pump powers because too many thermal lensing effects are induced. Only at low solar-simulator beam intensities of up to 1500 solar constants (203 W/cm2 ) was cw laser operation lasting longer than 10 min achieved. For higher pump beam intensities of up to 2500 solar constants (338 W/cm2 ), a quasi-cw-laser operation was obtained with continuously chopped pumping with a duty cycle of 0.5 and a repetition rate of 13 Hz. The experimental result was compared with the calculated stability condition of the laser resonator for various pump powers and showed that the thermal focusing of the Cr:Nd:GSGG is 15–8 times greater than that of the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser for the pump beam intensities from 1000 to 3000 solar constants.
A Review of Potentially Low-cost Air Quality Measurement Methods (2009)

Accurate measurement of gas and dust concentrations in animal confinement housing is essential for ensuring that a high level of animal welfare, worker safety and farm production are achieved. The risk of exposure to gasses and dust for humans and livestock is well documented. Exposure to high levels of dust has been found to have a negative impact on the lung function of workers and similar results have been observed in livestock. Dust is also acknowledged as being involved in the transmission of diseases. Excessive exposure to gases such as ammonia has a detrimental effect on animal health. The combination of dust and ammonia exposure greatly increases the risk of respiratory problems. It is therefore necessary to accurately measure the concentrations of dust and gasses to ensure a safe working environment. A variety of methods are available to measure each of these environmental variables. This review seeks to detail the variety of measurement methods available for measuring carbon dioxide, ammonia and airborne particle concentrations.
Allosteric switch regulates protein–protein binding through collective motion (2016)

Many biological processes depend on allosteric communication between different parts of a protein, but the role of internal protein motion in propagating signals through the structure remains largely unknown. Through an experimental and computational analysis of the ground state dynamics in ubiquitin, we identify a collective global motion that is specifically linked to a conformational switch distant from the binding interface. This allosteric coupling is also present in crystal structures and is found to facilitate multispecificity, particularly binding to the ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) family of deubiquitinases. The collective motion that enables this allosteric communication does not affect binding through localized changes but, instead, depends on expansion and contraction of the entire protein domain. The characterization of these collective motions represents a promising avenue for finding and manipulating allosteric networks.
Semiologia psiquiátrica (1996)

O objetivo principal deste artigo é introduzir o estudante de graduação, especialmente de Medicina, na prática da semiologia psiquiátrica. Os autores discutem a entrevista psiquiátrica como a maneira essencial de avaliação do paciente psiquiátrico. O artigo fornece uma visão geral da história psiquiátrica e das partes componentes do exame do estado mental, incluindo: aparência, fala e pensamento, distúrbios da percepção, afeto e humor, atenção e concentração, memória, orientação, consciência, inteligência e julgamento da realidade.
An analysis of dynamic element matching techniques in sigma-delta modulation (2002)

A mathematical model of mismatch noise in an oversampled DAC is established for two important dynamic element matching techniques. The noise shaping of the data weighted averaging method is proven to be first order. Analytical predictions of converter resolution can be made from array size, mismatch variance and oversampling ratio.
Clones of Tumor Cells Derived from a Single Primary Human Lung Tumor Reveal Different Patterns of β1Integrin Expression (1994)

Previously we reported that over 75% of human non-small cell lung cancers overexpress the beta 1 integrin VLA-2 on their surface and show an increase in the mRNA encoding the alpha-2 chain of this integrin. These results suggested the possibility that the overproduction and overexpression of one or more of the beta 1 integrin may be involved in the pathogenesis of human lung tumors by modulating the invasive and/or metastatic potential of the tumor. We report here the generation and characterization of multiple clones of tumor cells derived from the primary culture of cells obtained from biopsy tissue of an aggressive human squamous cell lung tumor. We show that these tumor clones (or clonotypes) exhibit seven different yet stable phenotypes with respect to the expression of five members of the beta 1 integrin family. These results illustrate that a primary human lung tumor consists of multiple subpopulations of cells that while indistinguishable by ultrastructure are heterogeneous with respect to their beta 1 integrins. The availability of these distinct tumor clonotypes derived from a single tumor biopsy have made it possible to test the assumption that the beta 1 integrins play a role in tumor progression. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated here by the intravenous inoculation of different human tumor clonotypes into severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice. Our preliminary results with a pair of tumor clonotypes differing in VLA-1 and VLA-2 expression level reveal that the clonotype with high level of VLA-1 and VLA-2 displays a substantial increase in the experimental engraftment and metastasis of the human tumor cells in scid mice.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Alk‐5‐ynylidenecyclopropanes Promoted by the “First‐Generation” Grubbs Carbene Complex. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enhanced Uplink Quantum Communication With Satellites via Downlink Channels (2021)

In developing the global quantum Internet, quantum communication with low-earth-orbit satellites will play a pivotal role. Such communication will need to be two way: effective not only in the satellite-to-ground (downlink) channel but also in the ground-to-satellite channel (uplink). Given that losses on this latter channel are significantly larger relative to the former, techniques that can exploit the superior downlink to enhance quantum communication in the uplink should be explored. In this article, we do just that—exploring how continuous-variable entanglement in the form of two-mode-squeezed vacuum (TMSV) states can be used to significantly enhance the fidelity of ground-to-satellite quantum-state transfer relative to direct uplink-transfer. More specifically, through detailed phase-screen simulations of beam evolution through turbulent atmospheres in both the downlink and uplink channels, we demonstrate how a TMSV teleportation channel, created by the satellite, can be used to dramatically improve the fidelity of uplink coherent-state transfer relative to direct transfer. We then show how this, in turn, leads to the uplink-transmission of a higher alphabet of coherent states. Additionally, we show how non-Gaussian operations, acting on the received component of the TMSV state at the ground station, can lead to further enhancement of the fidelity. Since TMSV states can readily be produced <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in situ</i> on a satellite platform and form a reliable teleportation channel for most quantum states, our work suggests that future satellites forming part of the emerging quantum Internet should be designed with uplink-communication via quantum teleportation in mind.
<title>Preliminary results of a 61km ground-to-ground optical IM/DD data transmission experiment</title> (2002)

The German Aerospace Center (DLR) is currently performing an Optical Free-space Data Transmission Experiment along with the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS), Germany and Contraves Space AG, Switzerland. The scope of this experiment is to verify the tracking capabilities of the OPTEL 02, a space-qualified optical terminal built by Contraves, and to demonstrate optical high data rate transmission through the atmosphere. Two laser diode transmitters at 980 nm, each mounted on a theodolite for static pointing and laterally separated by about 4 meters, were placed on a mountain top in the German Alps at a height of 1620 m. Either pseudo-noise pattern or video data was transmitted. The OPTEL 02, performing acquisiton and tracking, is situated at the DLR site in Oberpfaffenhofen near Munich at 620 m. An APD receiver front-end is connected to the OPTEL 02 in order to receive data up to 270 Mbps. The optical path length between Wallberg and Oberpfaffenhofen is 61 km (about 38 miles). Either bit error rate measurements or video transmission can be performed. This paper presents the experimental setup used, link budget calculations for the particular scenario (including beam divergence, refraction, damping and scintillations), and finally the preliminary results of the experiment.
Drug resistance mutations and the cellular immune response: a valuable synergy for the development of novel immune therapies (2007)

The emergence of multidrug-resistant viruses is associated with enhanced T-cell-mediated immune response as a possible consequence of reduced viral fitness. Amino acid substitutions generate potential cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes that may elicit new reactivities against mutated viruses. Both could significantly enhance the immune response through direct and indirect mechanisms.
Oxygen Toxicity in Man (1970)

Alternate patients (from a group of 40) after cardiac surgery received ventilation with pure oxygen, or the minimal inspired oxygen concentration required to maintain an arterial oxygen tension between 80 and 120 mm of mercury. The latter group of 20 patients did not receive more than 42 per cent inspired oxygen, and their mean duration of exposure was 21 hours, with a maximum of 44 hours. The mean exposure of 18 patients inspiring pure oxygen was 24 hours, with a maximum of 48 hours. No difference in intrapulmonary shunt, effective compliance, ratio of dead space to tidal volume or clinical course could be detected between the two groups. Of two additional patients who inspired pure oxygen for a prolonged period, one died of massive pulmonary hemorrhage related to clotting deficit after seven days' exposure, and the other recovered after five days' exposure. Fear of pulmonary oxygen toxicity should not prevent use of elevated inspired oxygen concentrations in critically ill patients requiring artificial ventilation. Further prospective studies are required to define the pulmonary effects of pure oxygen in such cases.
Comparing Relapse Rates in Real-World Patients with Schizophrenia Who Were Adequately versus Not Adequately Treated with Paliperidone Palmitate Once-Monthly Injections Before Transitioning to Once-Every-3-Months Injections (2022)

In this analysis of Medicaid claims data, patients adequately treated with PP1M before transitioning to PP3M demonstrated significantly lower relapse rates and delayed time to relapse.
Theory and Application of Multipocket Bearings for Optimum Turborotor Stability (1981)

Rotating machinery in the process industries and pipeline applications are many times designed with fixed-lobe-type bearing inserts. This paper summarizes a method of analysis which has been computer automated to allow the analysis and design optimization of multipocket bearings for application in turbomachinery. The general stability characteristics of multipocket bearing designs are compared to plain axial groove and multilobe bearings for specific examples. The analysis permitted the rapid design of a modified multipocket bearing which was successful in suppressing a high-amplitude subsynchronous vibration in two separate gas expanders under field operating conditions.
Rapid Evolution of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Genes in Primates Generates New Disease Alleles in Humans via Hitchhiking Diversity (2006)

A plausible explanation for many MHC-linked diseases is lacking. Sequencing of the MHC class I region (coding units or full contigs) in several human and nonhuman primate haplotypes allowed an analysis of single nucleotide variations (SNV) across this entire segment. This diversity was not evenly distributed. It was rather concentrated within two gene-rich clusters. These were each centered, but importantly not limited to, the antigen-presenting HLA-A and HLA-B/-C loci. Rapid evolution of MHC-I alleles, as evidenced by an unusually high number of haplotype-specific (hs) and hypervariable (hv) (which could not be traced to a single species or haplotype) SNVs within the classical MHC-I, seems to have not only hitchhiked alleles within nearby genes, but also hitchhiked deleterious mutations in these same unrelated loci. The overrepresentation of a fraction of these hvSNV (hv1SNV) along with hsSNV, as compared to those that appear to have been maintained throughout primate evolution (trans-species diversity; tsSNV; included within hv2SNV) tends to establish that the majority of the MHC polymorphism is de novo (species specific). This is most likely reminiscent of the fact that these hsSNV and hv1SNV have been selected in adaptation to the constantly evolving microbial antigenic repertoire.
Simple and Controlled Method to Avoid Hyperperfusion of the Right Arm Following Axillary Artery Cannulation for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Support (2012)

The right axillary artery has become the cannulation site of choice for establishment of extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support in many centers. Dissection and cannulation of this vessel are simple and safe in the majority of patients. Typically, a side graft is used to avoid malperfusion of the right arm. Although this protocol offers many advantages, a common complication is the critical hyperperfusion of the right arm. Subsequent compartment syndrome and decline of antegrade inflow of oxygenated blood, especially into the brain and coronary arteries, can be life threatening in such critical patients. We describe herein a simple yet effective and controlled technique to avoid this particular problem.
Evaluation of a malaria antibody enzyme immunoassay for use in blood screening (2008)

Transfusion-transmitted malaria is rare, but it may produce severe problem in the safety of blood transfusion due to the lack of reliable procedure to evaluate donors potentially exposed to malaria. Here, we evaluated a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay malaria antibody test (ELISA malaria antibody test, DiaMed, Switzerland) to detect antibodies to Plasmodium vivax (the indigenous malaria) in the blood samples in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Blood samples of four groups were obtained and analyzed; 100 samples from P.vivax infected patients, 35 from recovery patients, 366 from normal healthy individuals, and 325 from domestic travelers of non-endemic areas residents to risky areas of ROK. P.vivax antibody levels by ELISA were then compared to the results from microscopic examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. As a result, the ELISA malaria antibody test had a clinical sensitivity of 53.0% and a clinical specificity of 94.0% for P.vivax. Twenty out of 325 domestic travelers (6.2%) were reactive and 28 cases (8.6%) were doubtful. Of the reactive and doubtful cases, only two were confirmed as acute malaria by both microscopy and PCR test. Thus we found that the ELISA malaria antibody test was insufficiently sensitive for blood screening of P.vivax in ROK.
Protein dynamics implications of the low- and high-temperature denaturation of myoglobin (2021)

We reinvestigate a simple model used in the literature concerning the thermodynamic analysis of protein cold denaturation. We derive an exact thermodynamic expression for cold denaturation and give a better approximation than exists in the literature for predicting cold denaturation temperatures in the two-state model. We discuss the "dark-side" implications of this work for previous temperature-dependent protein dynamics experiments and discuss microfluidic experimental technologies, which could explore the thermal stability range of proteins below the bulk freezing point of water.
Comparative meta‐analysis of Kabuki syndrome with and without hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (2020)

The higher incidence of HH in KDM6A-KS compared to KMT2D-KS indicates that KDM6A loss of function variants predispose more specifically to beta cell dysfunction compared to KMT2D variants. As difficulties to assign syndromic characteristics to KS in early infancy often lead to delayed diagnosis, genetic testing for KS should be considered in children with HH, especially in the presence of other extrapancreatic/syndromic features.
Insulin resistance in uremia. (1981)

Tissue sensitivity to insulin was examined with the euglycemic insulin clamp technique in 17 chronically uremic and 36 control subjects. The plasma insulin concentration was raised by approximately 100 microU/ml and the plasma glucose concentration was maintained at the basal level with a variable glucose infusion. Under these steady-state conditions of euglycemia, the glucose infusion rate is a measure of the amount of glucose taken up by the entire body. In uremic subjects insulin-mediated glucose metabolism was reduced by 47% compared with controls (3.71 +/- 0.20 vs. 7.38 +/- 0.26 mg/kg . min; P less than 0.001). Basal hepatic glucose production (measured with [3H]-3-glucose) was normal in uremic subjects (2.17 +/- 0.04 mg/kg . min) and suppressed normally by 94 +/- 2% following insulin administration. In six uremic and six control subjects, net splanchnic glucose balance was also measured directly by the hepatic venous catheterization technique. In the postabsorptive state splanchnic glucose production was similar in uremics (1.57 +/- 0.03 mg/kg . min) and controls (1.79 +/- 0.20 mg/kg . min). After 90 min of sustained hyperinsulinemia, splanchnic glucose balance reverted to a net uptake which was similar in uremics (0.42 +/- 0.11 mg/kg . min) and controls (0.53 +/- 0.12 mg/kg . min). In contrast, glucose uptake by the leg was reduced by 60% in the uremic group (21 +/- 1 vs. 52 +/- 8 mumol/min . kg of leg wt; P less than 0.005) and this decrease closely paralleled the decrease in total glucose metabolism by the entire body. These results indicate that: (a) suppression of hepatic glucose production by physiologic hyperinsulinemia is not impaired by uremia, (b) insulin-mediated glucose uptake by the liver is normal in uremic subjects, and (c) tissue insensitivity to insulin is the primary cause of insulin resistance in uremia.