gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Thermo Scientific SureTect Escherichia coli O157:H7 Real-Time PCR Assay for Raw Beef and Produce Matrixes (2015)

The Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Escherichia coli O157:H7 Assay is a new real-time PCR assay which has been validated through the AOAC Research Institute (RI) Performance Tested Methods(SM) program for raw beef and produce matrixes. This validation study specifically validated the assay with 375 g 1:4 and 1:5 ratios of raw ground beef and raw beef trim in comparison to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Inspection Service, Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (USDS-FSIS/MLG) reference method and 25 g bagged spinach and fresh apple juice at a ratio of 1:10, in comparison to the reference method detailed in the International Organization for Standardization 16654:2001 reference method. For raw beef matrixes, the validation of both 1:4 and 1:5 allows user flexibility with the enrichment protocol, although which of these two ratios chosen by the laboratory should be based on specific test requirements. All matrixes were analyzed by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Microbiology Division, Vantaa, Finland, and Q Laboratories Inc, Cincinnati, Ohio, in the method developer study. Two of the matrixes (raw ground beef at both 1:4 and 1:5 ratios) and bagged spinach were additionally analyzed in the AOAC-RI controlled independent laboratory study, which was conducted by Marshfield Food Safety, Marshfield, Wisconsin. Using probability of detection statistical analysis, no significant difference was demonstrated by the SureTect kit in comparison to the USDA FSIS reference method for raw beef matrixes, or with the ISO reference method for matrixes of bagged spinach and apple juice. Inclusivity and exclusivity testing was conducted with 58 E. coli O157:H7 and 54 non-E. coli O157:H7 isolates, respectively, which demonstrated that the SureTect assay was able to detect all isolates of E. coli O157:H7 analyzed. In addition, all but one of the nontarget isolates were correctly interpreted as negative by the SureTect Software. The single isolate giving a positive result was an E. coli O157:NM isolate. Nonmotile isolates of E. coli O157 have been demonstrated to still contain the H7 gene; therefore, this result is not unexpected. Robustness testing was conducted to evaluate the performance of the SureTect assay with specific deviations to the assay protocol, which were outside the recommended parameters and which are open to variation. This study demonstrated that the SureTect assay gave reliable performance. A final study to verify the shelf life of the product, under accelerated conditions was also conducted.
Intensified conditioning regimen with busulfan followed by allogeneic BMT in children with myelodysplastic syndromes. (1994)

Four consecutive children with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) underwent matched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Ages ranged from 3.2 to 6.3 years. Diagnosis was assessed according to FAB classification: refractory anemia-RA (n = 1), RA with excess of blasts (RAEB) (n = 1), and juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML) (n = 2). Initial treatment included transfusions for all of them, splenectomy (n = 2) and chemotherapy (n = 1). Patients were all prepared with busulfan 21 mg/kg (480 mg/m2), cytosine arabinoside 24,000 mg/m2, melphalan 140 mg/m2. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis associated cyclosporine-methotrexate. Engraftment was prompt and complete in all children. Toxicity included severe mucositis (n = 3), moderate veno-occlusive disease (n = 2), acute GVHD (n = 3), chronic GVHD (n = 1). Sequelae have not yet been seen. All patients are alive and disease-free with a follow-up ranging from 7 to 35 months, with a Karnofsky score of 90-100%. Combined busulphan conditioning can offer an alternative to total body irradiation-based regimens in order to avoid late side-effects in children.
Application of the TIARA Radiation Transport Tool to Single Event Effects Simulation (2014)

Recently (IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., Vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 1876-1911, 2013), Reed published an anthology of contributions from different research groups, each developing and/or applying Monte Carlo-based radiation transport tools to simulate a variety of effects that result from energy transferred to a semiconductor material by a single particle event. The Tool suIte for rAdiation Reliability Assessment (TIARA) simulation platform and its development by STMicroelectronics and Aix-Marseille University is described in this paper as a complement to this anthology.
Murine immune response to the Neisseria meningitidis group C capsular polysaccharide. II. Specificity. (1988)

As a means of further understanding the regulation of diversity and the development of protective immunity to the Neisseria meningitidis group C capsular polysaccharide (MCPS), we have generated and characterized, in detail, a panel of mAb against MCPS, a homopolymer of alpha(2----9)-sialic acid. Whereas the serum response to MCPS is restricted to the IgM and IgG3 isotypes, the panel of mAb includes, in addition, both IgG1 and IgG2b. Among 15 mAb of four isotypes, seven different specificities were observed based on direct binding in a fluorescence ELISA and precipitation in gel. Although all the mAb were derived from mice immunized with bacteria encapsulated with the native MCPS (strain C11), only 7 of 15 reacted with MCPS alone. Seven of 15 reacted with a natural O-acetyl-negative variant (OAc-, strain MC19) polysaccharide as well as with MCPS. Five of these reacted as much as 3 logs better with OAc- than MCPS and the other two reacted better with MCPS than OAc-. One mAb appeared to be alpha(2----9)-linkage specific as it reacted not only with MCPS and OAc-, but also with the capsular polysaccharide of Escherichia coli K92, a polymer of sialic acid linked alternately alpha(2----8) and alpha(2----9). None of the mAb reacted with the capsular polysaccharide of E. coli K1, a homopolymer of alpha(2----8)-sialic acid. In general, there was a good correlation between the ability to precipitate Ag in gel and to agglutinate bacteria; however, 3 of 15 mAb, all IgG3, did not conform to this rule in that they precipitated Ag but did not agglutinate bacteria of the relevant capsular specificity. Antibodies of both IgM and IgG isotypes and of both major specificities, MCPS-specific and those binding MCPS and OAc-, were bactericidal for strain C11, whereas only those reactive with OAc- were able to kill strain MC19.
Reevaluation and application of the dual-isotope plasma ratio method for the measurement of intestinal cholesterol absorption in the hamster. (1994)

These experiments systematically evaluated the dual-isotope plasma ratio method for measuring intestinal cholesterol absorption in the hamster. It was found that while the ratio of the 3H- and 14C-labeled cholesterol in the plasma, relative to the respective dose of each that was given, became constant by 72 h after their administration, the percent cholesterol absorption was lower in animals that were fasted before dosing (35.7 +/- 5.5%) than in their fed controls (47.5 +/- 3.7%). Furthermore, the percent absorption found 72 h after dosing varied greatly, depending on whether the intragastric dose of labeled cholesterol was administered in medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil (46.2 +/- 2.3%), olive oil (63.9 +/- 11.2%), or safflower oil (74.6 +/- 4.5%). The level of absorption was not different between hamsters that had unrestricted (46.3 +/- 1.6%) and restricted (43.8 +/- 2.2%) access to their stools during the 72 h after dosing. Other experiments, using only hamsters in the fed state and MCT oil as the intragastric dosing medium, showed that the percent cholesterol absorption could be made to vary over a wide range using treatments known to produce such effects in humans. Thus, feeding either surfomer, cholestyramine, ursodeoxycholic acid, or CI-976, a new inhibitor of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase, significantly blocked cholesterol absorption, whereas the addition of either cholic acid or increasing amounts of oil to the diet had the opposite effect. The modified dual-isotope plasma ratio method described here provides a simpler and more physiologic approach to the routine measurement of cholesterol absorption in the hamster and similar small animal models.
LHX2 regulates the neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells via transcriptional modulation of PAX6 and CER1 (2013)

The LIM homeobox 2 transcription factor Lhx2 is known to control crucial aspects of neural development in various species. However, its function in human neural development is still elusive. Here, we demonstrate that LHX2 plays a critical role in human neural differentiation, using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a model. In hESC-derived neural progenitors (hESC-NPs), LHX2 was found to be expressed before PAX6, and co-expressed with early neural markers. Conditional ectopic expression of LHX2 promoted neural differentiation, whereas disruption of LHX2 expression in hESCs significantly impaired neural differentiation. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that LHX2 regulates neural differentiation at two levels: first, it promotes expression of PAX6 by binding to its active enhancers, and second, it attenuates BMP and WNT signaling by promoting expression of the BMP and WNT antagonist Cerberus 1 gene (CER1), to inhibit non-neural differentiation. These findings indicate that LHX2 regulates the transcription of downstream intrinsic and extrinsic molecules that are essential for early neural differentiation in human.
Preparation of Monodisperse Hydrophilic Quantum Dots with Amphiphilic Polymers (2017)

Monodisperse hydrophilic quantum dots (QDs) are promising labeling materials for biomedical applications. However, the controllable preparation of monodisperse hydrophilic QDs with amphiphilic polymers remains a challenge. Herein, the molecular structures of amphiphilic polymers assembled on different-sized QDs are investigated. Both the experimental results and the molecular dynamics (MD) calculation suggest that the grafting ratio of amphiphilic polymers assembled on QDs increases as the size of QDs increases. Thus, the controllable preparation of different-sized monodisperse hydrophilic QDs can be achieved by simply varying the grafting ratio of amphiphilic molecules and applied in the simultaneous labeling of three tumor biomarkers.
Improving the Performance of Space Shift Keying (SSK) Modulation via Opportunistic Power Allocation (2010)

International audience
Supplemental Figure S4 from Pharmacological Ascorbate Radiosensitizes Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S4. Weight changes of mice during treatment periods.&lt;/p&gt;
Trace Selenium Measurement in Water Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Assisted by Laser Ablation (2021)

Selenium detection and removal from industrial and mining effluents have gained attention recently due to the negative effects of this trace element on aquatic life. However, the current methods for the detection of selenium in effluents are off-line by nature. In order to fill this gap, we investigated the use of laser ablation-assisted laser-induced fluorescence (LA-LIF) to measure trace amount of selenium in aqueous solutions. LA-LIF measurements are real time, label-free, standoff, and require no consumables as well as no sample preparation. They can provide a field-amenable, versatile tool for the measurement of selenium in the whole water treatment chain. We describe the system utilized, the temporal and fluence optimization studies, and the resulting calibration curve, which is linear over a wide dynamic range from parts-per-billion to tens of parts-per-million concentration levels. We also show that the achieved limit of detection of selenium can reach 32 µg/L using LA-LIF, without any kind of preconcentration or matrix transfer.
The application of biocatalysis to the manufacture of fine chemicals (2010)

Biological catalysis has such a pervasive influence on the industries which are closely associated with our daily lives that it is difficult to contain a short review within sensible bounds. The traditional large-scale crafts associated with agriculture, the manufacture of foods and drinks, and the preparation and cleaning of fabrics all use biological catalysis. At the other extreme, biological catalysis has an important role to play in analytical chemistry. Enzymes are used to monitor the levels of metabolites as an important feature in the diagnosis and therapy of disease. These techniques have been extended to the use of enzymes to amplify the responses in antibodybased assays, as well as to mediate the detection of an environmental pollutant at an electrode. The same catalysts also play a role in the degradation of pollutants, which is, perhaps, simply an extension of the role of biochemistry applied to the traditional craft of cleaning.
A sufficient convergence condition for the quantized iterative water-filling algorithm (2012)

In this paper we derive a sufficient condition under which the iterative water-filling (IWF) algorithm with quantized noise-plus-interference levels is guaranteed to converge and has a unique Nash equilibrium. This condition is shown to approach the corresponding condition for standard IWF when the quantization resolution or the transmission powers are sufficiently high.
Corrigendum: ALG1-CDG Caused by Non-Functional Alternative Splicing Involving a Novel Pathogenic Complex Allele (2021)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.744884.].
Combining adaptive smoothing and decision-directed channel estimation schemes for OFDM WLAN systems (2003)

In this paper, a new channel estimation method for OFDM WLAN systems is proposed. This proposal mainly consists of smoothing filtering and decision-directed tracking loop schemes, where the former is used to enhance performance at low SNR and the latter is exploited to enhance performance at high SNR respectively. Together with an adaptive channel management, better performance in terms of MSE and PER can be achieved. Simulation shows the proposed method (1) achieves better 9.0dB /spl sim/ 13.0dB gain in MSE than zero forcing criterion and better 2.0dB gain in MSE than conventional approaches in BPSK transmission, and (2) contributes 0.8dB /spl sim/ 2.0dB gain in SNR for 10% PER in different transmission modes.
Physician Communication of Genomic Results in a Diagnostic Odyssey Case Series (2019)

These findings reveal that even in diagnostic odyssey cases, in which genome sequencing may be clinically beneficial, physicians may not be well-equipped to communicate genomic information to patients. Future studies may benefit from multiperspective approaches to assessing and understanding physician-patient communication of genome-sequencing information.
Magnetoresistance ofSmMn2Ge2: A layered antiferromagnet (1993)

The behavior of the magnetoresistance in ${\mathrm{SmMn}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$--a layered intermetallic compound--is analogous to the giant magnetoresistance recently reported for artificial metallic multilayers. A moderate magnetic field (2--15 kOe) is sufficient to switch ${\mathrm{SmMn}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$ from the antiferromagnetic (metamagnetic) state to saturation, at a temperature of \ensuremath{\sim}100 K, and this results in a resistance change of 4--8 %. The study of spin-dependent scattering in this and similar layered structures, in which nature has conspired to make essentially perfect interfaces, serves as a complement to the study of the artificial structures.
Beyond-CMOS Device Benchmarking for Boolean and Non-Boolean Logic Applications (2017)

The latest results of benchmarking research are presented for a variety of beyond-CMOS charge- and spin-based devices. In addition to improving the device-level models, several new device proposals and a few majorly modified devices are investigated. Deep pipelining circuits are employed to boost the throughput of low-power devices. Furthermore, the benchmarking methodology is extended to interconnect-centric analyses and non-Boolean logic applications. In contrast to Boolean circuits, non-Boolean circuits based on the cellular neural network demonstrate that spintronic devices can potentially outperform conventional CMOS devices.
Laboratory evaluation of performance and durability of polymer grouts for subsurface hydraulic/diffusion barriers. Informal report, October 1993--May 1994 (1994)

Contaminated soils, buried waste and leaking underground storage tanks pose a threat to the environment through contaminant transport. One of the options for control of contaminant migration from buried waste sites is the construction of a subsurface barrier. Subsurface barriers increase the performance of waste disposal sites by providing a low permeability layer that can reduce percolation water migration into the waste site, minimize surface transport of contaminants, and reduce migration of volatile species. Also, a barrier can be constructed to envelop the site or plume completely, there by containing the contaminants and the potential leakage. Portland cement grout curtains have been used for barriers around waste sites. However, large castings of hydraulic cements result invariably in cracking due to shrinkage, thermal stresses induced by the hydration reactions, and wet-dry cycling prevalent at and sites. Therefore, improved, low permeability, high integrity materials are under investigation by the Department of Energy`s (DOE) Office of Technology Development, Integrated Demonstrations and Programs. The binders chosen for characterization include: an acrylic, a vinylester styrene, bitumen, a polyester styrene, furfuryl alcohol, and sulfur polymer cement. These materials cover broad ranges of chemical and physical durability, performance, viscosity, and cost. This report details the results of laboratory formulation, testing, and characterization of several innovative polymer grouts. An appendix containing a database of the barrier materials is at the end of this report.
Structurally Observable Distributed Networks of Agents under Cost and\n Robustness Constraints (2017)

In many problems, agents cooperate locally so that a leader or fusion center\ncan infer the state of every agent from probing the state of only a small\nnumber of agents. Versions of this problem arise when a fusion center\nreconstructs an extended physical field by accessing the state of just a few of\nthe sensors measuring the field, or a leader monitors the formation of a team\nof robots. Given a link cost, the paper presents a polynomial time algorithm to\ndesign a minimum cost coordinated network dynamics followed by the agents,\nunder an observability constraint. The problem is placed in the context of\nstructural observability and solved even when up to k agents in the coordinated\nnetwork dynamics fail.\n
Geological Sequestration of CO2 in Deep, Unmineable Coalbeds: An Integrated Research and Commerical-Scale Field Demonstration Project (2001)

Abstract Coalseams represent an attractive opportunity for near-term sequestration of large volumes of anthropogenic CO2 at low net costs. There are several reasons for this: Coals have the ability to physically adsorb large volumes of CO2 in a highly concentrated state.Coals are frequently located near large point sources of CO2 emissions, specifically power generation plants.The injection of CO2 into coalseams actually enhances the commercial methane recovery process.The recovery of coalbed methane is enhanced when the injected gas contains nitrogen, a major constituent of power plant flue gas. A joint U.S. Department of Energy and industry project to study the reservoir mechanisms and field performance of CO2 sequestration in coalseams has recently been initiated. The project involves laboratory and field-testing to define critical reservoir mechanisms, including multi-component (CO2-CH4-N2 ternary) sorption behavior. Two existing fields in the San Juan Basin, the most prolific coalbed methane basin in the world, are currently under CO2 and/or N2 injection. These two fields, the Tiffany Unit (operated by BP) – now under N2 injection (but with mixed CO2/N2 injection being studied), and the Allison Unit (operated by Burlington Resources) – under CO2 injection since 1995 will be thoroughly studied via reservoir simulation to understand CO2 sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery performance, using both pure CO2 and N2, as well as CO2/N2 mixtures. This paper presents the fundamental reservoir mechanisms of CO2 sequestration and enhanced recovery of methane from coalseams, and the field performances to date of the Tiffany and Allison Units.
Gesamtfazit und Ausblick: EU-Journalismus als zweifach ‘differenziertes’ System (1998)

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war — ausgehend von der Beobachtung einer Krise der politischen Kommunikation in der Europäischen Union — eine generelle, theoretisch und empirisch umfassende Konzeptualisierung und Analyse des Journalismus in den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten. Besondere Beachtung sollte dabei die Medienkommunikation über die Union und ihre Institutionen finden. Zur Erreichung des gesteckten Ziels sah sich der Verfasser bereits mit der Einleitung ‘auf der Suche nach einem europäischen Journalismus’ (vgl. Kap. 1). Am Ende der Arbeit bestätigt sich die schon zu Beginn geäußerte Erwartung, daß es diesen ‘einen’ europäischen oder zumindest unionseuropäischen Journalismus in der von dem Begriff nahegelegten formalen und strukturellen Einheitlichkeit nicht gibt, sondern daß seine Beschreibung zahlreicher Differenzierungen bedarf.
Ein hochauflösendes γ-Spektrometer mit Ge(Li)-Detektor und Feldeffekttransistor-Vorverstärker (1966)

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Herstellung hochauflösender Ge (Li) -Detektoren nach verschiedenen Driftmethoden und den Entwurf eines schnellen Vorverstärkers mit einem Feldeffekt-Transistor in der Eingangsstufe. Die γ-Strahlung von 60 Co wurde mit 3 keV HWB aufgelöst. Für den Fano-Faktor ergab sich ein Wert von 0,20-0,25 im Energiebereich von 300-2750 keV.
FLEX: Unifying Evaluation for Few-Shot NLP (2021)

Few-shot NLP research is highly active, yet conducted in disjoint research threads with evaluation suites that lack challenging-yet-realistic testing setups and fail to employ careful experimental design. Consequently, the community does not know which techniques perform best or even if they outperform simple baselines. In response, we formulate the FLEX Principles, a set of requirements and best practices for unified, rigorous, valid, and cost-sensitive few-shot NLP evaluation. These principles include Sample Size Design, a novel approach to benchmark design that optimizes statistical accuracy and precision while keeping evaluation costs manageable. Following the principles, we release the FLEX benchmark, which includes four few-shot transfer settings, zero-shot evaluation, and a public leaderboard that covers diverse NLP tasks. In addition, we present UniFew, a prompt-based model for few-shot learning that unifies pretraining and finetuning prompt formats, eschewing complex machinery of recent prompt-based approaches in adapting downstream task formats to language model pretraining objectives. We demonstrate that despite simplicity, UniFew achieves results competitive with both popular meta-learning and prompt-based approaches.