gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microscopic fused silica capillary nozzles as supersonic molecular beam sources (2006)

Use of fused silica microcapillary tubing for supersonic molecular beam nozzles is reported. Speed ratio measurements were made with nozzles of various diameters and sidewall profiles, demonstrating that these nozzles perform as well as the best conventional nozzles. Commercial microcapillary nozzles therefore offer an effective and inexpensive alternative to conventional metal nozzles.
Methodology of Recurrent Laguerre–Volterra Network for Modeling Nonlinear Dynamic Systems (2016)

In this paper, we have introduced a general modeling approach for dynamic nonlinear systems that utilizes a variant of the simulated annealing algorithm for training the Laguerre-Volterra network (LVN) to overcome the local minima and convergence problems and employs a pruning technique to achieve sparse LVN representations with l<sub>1</sub> regularization. We tested this new approach with computer simulated systems and extended it to autoregressive sparse LVN (ASLVN) model structures that are suitable for input-output modeling of nonlinear systems that exhibit transitions in dynamic states, such as the Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H) equations of neuronal firing. Application of the proposed ASLVN to the H-H equations yields a more parsimonious input-output model with improved predictive capability that is amenable to more insightful physiological/biological interpretation.
Using HTML 4, XML, and Java 1.2 (1998)

From the Publisher:
Que's Platinum Edition Using HTML 4, XML, and Java 1.2 is the most complete tutorial and reference for experienced Webmasters who want to create Web sites using the latest technologies.. This guide delivers all the time-saving tips and expert advice you need to enhance your Web programming skills and expand your knowledge of HTML, XML, and Java. With insight, real-world examples, and a practical, hands-on approach, you'll move quickly to the more advanced issues and concepts. You'll master the HTML-related technologies and features, as well as build a solid understanding of high-end topics.
Bacteriology of acute otitis media in a cohort of Finnish children followed for the first two years of life (2001)

Pnc, Mc and Hi were almost equally common findings in AOM. Pnc seems to be the most pathogenic of these three, the role of Mc is increasing and Hi is clearly associated with recurrent AOM.
Titanium implants with a true periodontal ligament: an alternative to osseointegrated implants? (1990)

The purpose of the present study was to experimentally determine if cementum formation with inserting collagen fibers can be accomplished on dental implants. Titanium implants were placed in the mandible of monkeys, where apical root portions were retained. The histologic examination of undecalcified sections revealed that a cementum layer on the implant surface with inserting collagen fibers was achieved around implants placed in close relationship to retained roots; however, implants without contact to retained roots demonstrated the typical findings of osseointegration. These results demonstrate that dental implants with a true periodontal ligament can be accomplished.
Kernspintomographie mit Oberflächenspulen - Erste Erfahrungen in der Orbitadiagnostik (1986)

The use of surface coils in magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit leads to an increase in spatial resolution. With the first 14 patients in whom we used the method we obtained detailed images of the orbital topography, especially in cases with tumors and foreign bodies, but the method proved to be little use in finding minimal tissue changes of the muscles or of the optic nerve. The use of oblique views without moving the patients, enables the optic nerve to be imaged in one slice. Edge artefacts caused by "chemical shift" and motion artefacts caused by motion of the bulbs still diminish detail accuracy and contrast differentiation range. Since no side effects have been described so far, magnetic resonance imaging with a surface coil is a highly suitable complementary procedure in the diagnosis of orbital disease.
Efficient motor neuron targeting in adult mice by a single lumbar intrathecal r AAV 9‐e GFP administration: application for motor neuron diseases (2016)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) the second most common autosomal recessive disorder causes of childhood mortality affecting between 1/6000 to 1/10000 live births. SMA is due to deletion/mutations in the Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. The disease is characterized by degeneration of spinal motor neurons (MNs), atrophy of skeletal muscles, and generalized weakness. SMA is clinically classified into four main types (I, II, III and IV) based on the age of onset and clinical severity. Currently, no curative treatment exists for SMA type II/III SMA patients representing the majority currently awaiting treatment. Gene therapy, restoring SMN1 activity in MNs, is a promising therapeutic strategy for SMA. In the moderate forms (type II/III) of the disease, no lesion is found in peripheral organs. Thus, a targeted therapy directly into the CNS should be more appropriate. We have, recently, demonstrated that a single administration of an rAAV9 vector into the cerebrospinal fluid leads to an efficient transduction of MNs in non‐human primates. In order to treat our mouse model that can mimick the human pathology of type II/III SMA, the first main challenge was to develop an efficient and safety route of delivery that can target whole spinal cord and brain. In this context, we develop the lumbar intrathecal delivery (itlumb), by single percutaneous lumbar puncture. We demonstrate that a single lumbar intrathecal injection of rAAV9‐eGFP vector using specific neuronal promoter can efficiently and specifically target MNs from proximal to distal part of the spinal cord in adult mice, wherease, using rAAV9‐eGFP ubiquitous promoter, we observe both glial cells and MNs targeting (figure a, b and c) . Surprisingly, by lumbar administration, we efficiently reach the brain and target neurons and glial cells using rAAV9 ubiquitous promoter (figure g) . Then, we compared the serotypes 9 and 10 of AAV vector in order to demonstrate which serotype is the most efficient to target MNs after intrathecal delivery. We used the Synapsin 1 (SYN1) promoter, that lead to specific expression in neuron cells population, in adult mice, by lumbar intrathecal administration. We observed a spectacular and specific MNs expression with the serotype 9 around 50% and 10 % in the lumbar and cervical spinal cord respectively. Wherease the serotype 10 transduce less significantly MNs cells (30% and 5 % in the lumbar and cervical spinal cord respectively). This results, offer new perspectives for the treatment of motor neuron diseases such as moderate forms of spinal muscular atrophy.
PD-L1/PD-1 Axis in Glioblastoma Multiforme (2019)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most popular primary central nervous system cancer and has an extremely expansive course. Aggressive tumor growth correlates with short median overall survival (OS) oscillating between 14 and 17 months. The survival rate of patients in a three-year follow up oscillates around 10%. The interaction of the proteins programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) creates an immunoregulatory axis promoting invasion of glioblastoma multiforme cells in the brain tissue. The PD-1 pathway maintains immunological homeostasis and protects against autoimmunity. PD-L1 expression on glioblastoma surface promotes PD-1 receptor activation in microglia, resulting in the negative regulation of T cell responses. Glioblastoma multiforme cells induce PD-L1 secretion by activation of various receptors such as toll like receptor (TLR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interferon alpha receptor (IFNAR), interferon-gamma receptor (IFNGR). Binding of the PD-1 ligand to the PD-1 receptor activates the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, which dephosphorylates Zap 70, and this inhibits T cell proliferation and downregulates lymphocyte cytotoxic activity. Relevant studies demonstrated that the expression of PD-L1 in glioma correlates with WHO grading and could be considered as a tumor biomarker. Studies in preclinical GBM mouse models confirmed the safety and efficiency of monoclonal antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Satisfactory results such as significant regression of tumor mass and longer animal survival time were observed. Monoclonal antibodies inhibiting PD-1 and PD-L1 are being tested in clinical trials concerning patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.
A simple and practical approach for building lithography simulation models using a limited set of CD data and SEM pictures (2007)

A new method to calibrate optical lithography model using a combination of measured Critical Dimension (CD) data from the standard patterns and product layout SEM pictures have been developed. The CD data is composed of the measured CDs of through-pitch line patterns as well as isolated line and isolated space patterns. The SEM pictures for contour CD calibrations are from the product layouts. The small set of 1-D CD data is firstly used to calibrate the model. After best one-dimensional (1-D) data calibration accuracy is achieved, the model is used to predict the contour of the product layouts where the SEM pictures are taken. The simulated contours are overlaid with the SEM pictures to identify the mismatch locations. Additional calibration gauges at the locations are then added to the model to improve the predicted CD accuracy of 2- dimensional (2-D) patterns such as line-to-tip, tip-to-tip, and corner. In comparison with the SEM picture CDs, this procedure can be repeated several times until desired accuracy of the predicted contours is achieved. This method can increase the model's 2-D edge prediction accuracy and can reduce the amount of CD data required for model calibration. This calibration method is used to generate the models for lithography process simulations for Xilinx's 65 nm product developments. Hot spots and out-of-spec OPC CD locations are identified using the models and later confirmed from in-line data.
[Development of partially sintered alumina block for dental CAD/CAM and mechanical properties testing]. (1999)

The partially sintered alumina block that developed in this way may be used to mill for CAD/CAM and fabricate the shrinkage-free all ceramic crown.
Customized service creation: a new order for telecommunication services (1992)

The evolution from the intelligent network to the advanced intelligent network (AIN) is described. The concept behind AIN and its architecture are introduced. A Bellcore product for the AIN, the SPACE system, is illustrated. The authors discuss the user-friendly programming language, service creation platform, multiple-services application, and reliable node platform of the SPACE system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Infrared absorption spectra of CO2, C2H4, C2H6 in nanopores of SiO2/Al2O3 aerogel (2016)

Transformation of C2H4, CO2 and C2H6 absorption spectra confined in nanopores of SiO2/Al2O3 aerogel is studied for the first time in comparison with the spectra of these molecules in the free state. It is shown that the integral intensities of confined C2H4 within 5700–6250 cm–1, CO2 within 4760–5160 cm–1, and C2H6 within 2830–3030 cm–1 are higher by 13.3, 15, and 18 times, respectively, than those of free gases.
An Evaluation of Interaction Methods for Controlling RSVP Displays in Visual Search Tasks (2016)

Accurately identifying images with subtly varying features from a large set of similar images can be a challenging task. To succeed, viewers must perceive subtle differences between multiple nearly identical images and react appropriately. The Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) display technique has the potential to improve performance as it exploits our ability to preattentively recognize differences between images when they are flashed on a screen in a rapid and serial manner. We compared the speed and accuracy of three RSVP interface methods ("Hover", "Slide Show" and "Velocity") against a traditional "Point & Click" non-RSVP interface to test whether an RSVP display improves performance in visual search tasks. In a follow-up study we compared "Hover" and "Velocity" RSVP interface methods against a "Small Multiples" non-RSVP interface to explore the interaction of interface type and target size on visual search tasks. We found the "Hover" RSVP interface to significantly reduce the time it takes to perform visual search tasks with no reduction in accuracy, regardless of the size of the search targets. Beyond the gene identification task tested here, these experiments inform the design of user interfaces for many other visual search tasks.
Modulation of the secondary injury process after spinal cord injury in Bach1-deficient mice by heme oxygenase–1 (2008)

Object Oxidative stress contributes to secondary injury after spinal cord injury (SCI). The expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which protects cells from various insults including oxidative stress, is upregulated in injured spinal cords. Mice deficient in Bach1 (Bach1 −/− ), a transcriptional repressor of the HO-1 and beta-globin genes, express high levels of HO-1 mRNA and protein in various organs. The authors hypothesized that HO-1 modulates the secondary injury process after SCI in Bach1 −/− mice. Methods Male C57BL/6 (wild-type) and homozygous Bach1 −/− C57BL/6 mice were subjected to moderate SCI, and differences in hindlimb motor function, and electrophysiological, molecular biological, and histopathological changes were assessed for 2 weeks. Results Functional recovery was greater, and motor evoked potentials were significantly larger in Bach1 −/− mice than in wild-type mice throughout the observation period. The expression of HO-1 mRNA in the spinal cord was significantly increased in both mice until 3 days after injury, and it was significantly higher in Bach1 −/− mice than in wild-type mice at every assessment point. Histological examination using Luxol fast blue staining at 1 day after injury showed that the injured areas were smaller in Bach1 −/− mice than in wild-type mice. The HO-1 immunoreactivity was not detected in uninjured spinal cord, but 3 days postinjury the number of HO-1–immunoreactive cells was obviously higher in the injured area in both mice, particularly in Bach1 −/− mice. The HO-1 was primarily induced in microglia/macrophage in both mice. Conclusions These results suggest that HO-1 modulates the secondary injury process, and high HO-1 expression may preserve spinal cord function in the early stages after SCI in Bach1 −/− mice. Treatment that induces HO-1 expression at these early stages may preserve the functional outcome after SCI.
Phase transition in Ba(Sn, Sb)O3system (1996)

Abstract Whereas a transition from metal to superconductor behaviour is observed upon substituting Pb for Bi in the perovkite Ba(Pb, Bi)O3 system, no similar transition is present in Ba(Sn, Sb)O3 system, although these systems have the same structure. The phenomenon of Bi3+/Bi5+ disproportionation exists in both systems. The octahedra are occupied by cations exhibiting the same valence. The Ba(Sn1−x Sbx)O3 family is found to exist, but becomes a conductor when antimony is introduced on the tin site. The electronic carrier concentration is inferred from the screening of phonons via infrared reflectivity spectra.
Trace-Element Analysis in Hair: An Evaluation (1974)

Abstract The use of hair as an index to the concentration of certain elements in tissues has been evaluated with regard to the effect of prior cosmetic and sample-washing treatments on the results. Untreated rat-hair samples were subjected to selected grooming or cosmetic products and then washed by various commonly cited sample-preparation procedures. The hair samples were then analyzed for Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn, and the concentrations found were compared to those in untreated samples. The results indicate that the values observed can be greatly altered by typical treatments given to human hair, and that such changes are not corrected by the commonly used sample-wash procedures. Thus, obtainable samples of human hair, including pubic hair, cannot be expected to indicate accurately the concentration of these metals that would otherwise be present. Other elements should be similarly studied before confidence can be placed in the validity of data for them.
Manipulating ferroelectric behaviorsviaelectron-beam induced crystalline defects (2021)

Ferroelectric nanoplates are attractive for applications in nanoelectronic devices. Defect engineering has been an effective way to control and manipulate ferroelectric properties in nanoscale devices. Defects can act as pinning centers for ferroelectric domain wall motion, altering the switching properties and domain dynamics of ferroelectrics. However, there is a lack of detailed investigation on the interactions between defects and domain walls in ferroelectric nanoplates due to the limitation of previous characterization techniques, which impedes the development of defect engineering in ferroelectric nanodevices. In this study, we applied in situ biasing transmission electron microscopy to explore how dislocation loops, which were judiciously introduced into barium titanate nanoplates via electron beam irradiation, affect the motion of ferroelectric domain walls. The results show that the motion was dramatically suppressed by these localized defects, because of the local strain fields induced by the defects. The pinning effect can be further enhanced by multiple domain walls embedded with defect arrays. These results indicate the possibility of manipulating domain switching in ferroelectric nanoplates via the electron beam.
Strategies for undersampling and reconstructing MR DTI data (2011)

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) has emerged as a reliable, non-invasive method of characterizing tissue micro-structure using MRI, but is limited by long scan time and low SNR. In order to accelerate acquisition, different strategies for undersampling and a model-based reconstruction method are presented. The model-based approach estimates diffusion tensors directly from undersampled k-space data via minimizing an L2-norm cost function. Three different undersampling schemes are investigated: variable density, center-only and center offset. Each scheme was compared against a gold standard and found to perform better than the fully encoded case with equivalent scan time. Minor differences in the performance metrics and qualitative observations were seen among the schemes. These findings suggest the proposed strategy can be used to reduce DTI scan time while incurring little loss in parameter estimation accuracy.
Distribution Theoretic Methods for Dynamic Analysis and Optimization of Mechanisms with Intermittent Motion. (1981)

Abstract : A computer aided dynamic and design sensitivity analysis technique for planar dynamic systems undergoing intermittent motion is developed and applied. Planar dynamic systems made up of multiple rigid bodies connected by joints and force elements are modeled. A constrained dynamic system approach that accounts for discontinuous velocities associated with impulsive loading and impact between bodies is developed. A new numerical integration technique for mixed differential and algebraic equations that automatically defines and integrates for independent generalized coordinates has been developed. It has demonstrated an order of magnitude improvement in computing efficiency compared to preceding techniques. Intermittent motion dynamic effects due to impulsive loading or impact have been incorporated into the dynamic simulation, using a pieced interval dynamic analysis technique in which momentum balance relations are used to determine discontinuities in velocity at logical event times. This technique has been demonstrated on multibody, multiple contact point applications in mechanisms and automatic weapons. To assist in design optimization of mechanical system dynamics an adjoint variable design sensitivity analysis technique has been developed for calculation of first and second order derivatives of dynamic response with respect to design. Numerical calculations have demonstrated that accurate first and second derivatives can be obtained for moderate scale dynamic systems. (Author)
Neural Operators for Solving PDEs and Inverse Design (2023)

Deep learning surrogate models have shown promise in modeling complex physical phenomena such as photonics, fluid flows, molecular dynamics and material properties. However, standard neural networks assume finite-dimensional inputs and outputs, and hence, cannot withstand a change in resolution or discretization between training and testing. We introduce Fourier neural operators that can learn operators, which are mappings between infinite dimensional spaces. They are discretization-invariant and can generalize beyond the discretization or resolution of training data. They can efficiently solve partial differential equations (PDEs) on general geometries. We consider a variety of PDEs for both forward modeling and inverse design problems, as well as show practical gains in the lithography domain.
Sensorless control of the BLDC motors from near zero to high speed (2003)

This paper presents the theory and practice required to implement a novel sensorless operation technique for the brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The proposed new sensorless drive method breaks through the chronic problem of the sensorless BLDC motor drives, lack of low speed operation, so that it ensures highly accurate, robust sensorless operation from near zero to high speed. For this purpose, a physically insightful, speed-independent function, based on a new flux linkage function, is used. A simulation result of the proposed sensorless method is shown, and the result discussed. Also, the validity of the proposed method is verified through the experimental results.
Diagnostic accuracy of rapid antigen tests in asymptomatic and presymptomatic close contacts of individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: cross sectional study (2021)

The sensitivities of both rapid antigen tests in asymptomatic and presymptomatic close contacts tested on day 5 onwards after close contact with an index case were more than 60%, increasing to more than 85% after a viral load cut-off was applied as a proxy for infectiousness.
Toward Fully Synthetic N‐Linked Glycoproteins (2003)

Beträchtliche Mengen vollsynthetischer homogener N-verknüpfter Glycopeptide sind durch eine konvergente und flexible Methode zugänglich – nur vier Syntheseschritte sind erforderlich, um die natürlich verknüpften Glycopeptide in hohen Ausbeuten zu erhalten: Der Aminierung eines freien Glycans schließt sich eine Acylierung des neu eingeführten N-Atoms mit dem Asparaginrest eines Peptids an; native chemische Ligation schließt den Prozess ab (siehe Schema). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2003/z50217_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.