gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modified Associate Species Approach to Phase Equilibria Prediction for Oxide Glass Systems (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Modified Associate Species Model Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 System CaO-Containing Systems B2O3-Containing Systems Database Conclusions Acknowledgements
Updated Model of the Molecular Evolution of RIP Genes (2014)

Evidence suggests that the ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) domain was developed in plants at least 300 million years ago. Much information has been gained over the years from the protein databases of RIPs. However, protein databases cover only a relatively small fraction of all currently identified RIP genes. In addition, there are often conflicts between the protein data and the genetic data. Because of these issues, a new nomenclature classification is proposed in this chapter.
Sequential Injection Separation System with Stopped-Flow Radiometric Detection for Automated Analysis of99Tc in Nuclear Waste (1998)

An automated procedure for the determination of (99)Tc in aged nuclear waste has been developed. Using advanced sequential injection (SI) analysis instrumentation, (99)Tc(VII) is separated from radioactive and stable interferences using a TEVA resin column that selectively retains pertechnetate ion from dilute nitric acid solutions. The separated (99)Tc is eluted with 6 M nitric acid and quantified on-line with a flow-through liquid scintillation detector. A stopped-flow technique has been optimized that improves the analysis precision and detection limit compared to continuous-flow detection, reduces consumption of liquid scintillation cocktail, and increases sample throughput by separating the next sample while the present sample is being counted. The detection limit is 30 pCi, or 2 ng, of (99)Tc, using a 15-min stopped-flow period. The analysis time is 40 min for the first sample and is reduced to 20 min for each subsequent sample. Processed nuclear waste samples from the Hanford site were successfully analyzed by this new method.
A Novel Orally Active Small Molecule Potently Induces G1 Arrest in Primary Myeloma Cells and Prevents Tumor Growth by Specific Inhibition of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 (2006)

Cell cycle deregulation is central to the initiation and fatality of multiple myeloma, the second most common hematopoietic cancer, although impaired apoptosis plays a critical role in the accumulation of myeloma cells in the bone marrow. The mechanism for intermittent, unrestrained proliferation of myeloma cells is unknown, but mutually exclusive activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4)-cyclin D1 or Cdk6-cyclin D2 precedes proliferation of bone marrow myeloma cells in vivo. Here, we show that by specific inhibition of Cdk4/6, the orally active small-molecule PD 0332991 potently induces G(1) arrest in primary bone marrow myeloma cells ex vivo and prevents tumor growth in disseminated human myeloma xenografts. PD 0332991 inhibits Cdk4/6 proportional to the cycling status of the cells independent of cellular transformation and acts in concert with the physiologic Cdk4/6 inhibitor p18(INK4c). Inhibition of Cdk4/6 by PD 0332991 is not accompanied by induction of apoptosis. However, when used in combination with a second agent, such as dexamethasone, PD 0332991 markedly enhances the killing of myeloma cells by dexamethasone. PD 0332991, therefore, represents the first promising and specific inhibitor for therapeutic targeting of Cdk4/6 in multiple myeloma and possibly other B-cell cancers.
Subwavelength engineering in silicon photonics (2016)

Subwavelength engineering in silicon photonic integrated circuits is a powerful design tool that allows one to synthesize an effective photonic medium with adjustable refractive index. This creates a new degree of freedom in photonic circuit design. We present an overview of the fundamental concept and its application to address several important practical challenges in the implementation of silicon photonics as a next generation photonics platform for telecom, datacom and sensing. In particular, we report our results in developing highly efficient and broadband fiber-chip couplers for silicon photonic wire waveguides using subwavelength engineered edge coupling structures. We experimentally demonstrate a coupling efficiency of −0.4 dB and polarization independent operation for a broad spectral range exceeding 100 nm for optical fiber with a core diameter of 3.2 µm. For coupling to standard SMF-28 fiber with 10.4 µm mode field diameter we numerically demonstrate a subwavelength engineered overlayer structure composed of SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> which exhibits an overall coupling efficiency exceeding 90%. We have also used our subwavelength structure for coupling experiments with a conventional In- GaAsP/InP buried heterostructure laser at λ = 1.3 µm with a measured near field mode size of 2.1 µm×2.8 µm. Peak coupling efficiency is 1.5 dB with 1-dB alignment tolerance of approximately ±1.2 µm horizontally and ±0.8 µm vertically. We further present subwavelength engineered grating couplers fabricated in a single-etch step for the telecom (1.55 µm) and datacom (1.3 µm) wavelengths with efficiencies exceeding −0.5 dB. Further applications that will be discussed include waveguide crossings, microspectrometers, ultra-fast optical switches, athermal waveguides, evanescent field sensors, polarization rotators and colorless interference couplers.
Virtual Local Stores: Enabling Software-Managed Memory Hierarchies in Mainstream Computing Environments (2009)

Software-managed local stores have proven to be more efficient than hardware-managed caches for some important applications, yet their use has been mostly confined to embedded systems that run a small set of applications in a limited runtime environment. Local stores are problematic in general-purpose systems because they add to process state on context switches, and because they require fast data memory close to the processor that might be better spent on cache for some applications. We introduce virtualized local stores as a mechanism to provide the benefits of a software-managed memory hierarchy in a general-purpose system. A virtual local store (VLS) is mapped into the virtual address space of a process and backed by physical main memory, but is stored in a partition of the hardware-managed cache when active. This reduces context switch cost, and allows VLSs to migrate with their process thread. The partition allocated to the VLS can be rapidly reconfigured without flushing the cache, allowing programmers to selectively use VLS in a library routine with low overhead.
Factors Associated with Surgeons’ Perception of Distraction in the Operating Room (2018)

Jung, James J. MD; Elfassy, Jonah BSc; Grantcharov, Teodor P. MD, FACS Author Information
Electrochromic films involving Prussian blue and viologen materials (1990)

Prussian blue (PB) and viologen materials color by electrode oxidation and reduction reactions, respectively; therefore, it may be possible for these materials to function in a complementary fashion in an electrochromic optical filter. The soluble viologen compounds deposit as a colored film during the cathodic reaction and go back into solution when the current is reversed for the erase cycle. Prussian blue, in contrast, is prepared as a permanent film that can be switched back and forth from the colorless to the blue form. In this study we have determined some of the major factors leading to longterm cycle stability for viologen and Prussian blue films. The pH of the tlectrolyte is a major factor in the film stability for Prussian blue. Life-times in excess of 100,000 cycles were easily achieved for Prussian blue films in solutions of pH =2. In contrast, none of the films tested in neutral solutions showed a lifetime exceeding several hundred cycles. For viologen materials, major factors affecting cycle lifetimes are the molecular structure of the viologen along with the electrolyte and solvent compositions. The use of several mixed electrolytes such as KNO3IK2SO4 as well as the use of mixed solvents can greatly increase the cycle stability of some viologen compounds. In fact, the failure mechanism for viologen films can be completely defeated by the appropriate viologen/electrolyte/solvent selection. The complementary behavior of Prussian blue and viologen films will be investigated at electrolyte and solvent compositions favorable for cycle stability.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Rifampicin as an Oral Angiogenesis Inhibitor Targeting Hepatic Cancers (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Rifampicin as an Oral Angiogenesis Inhibitor Targeting Hepatic Cancers
Synergistic Activity of Dispersin B and Cefamandole Nafate in Inhibition of Staphylococcal Biofilm Growth on Polyurethanes (2007)

Antibiotic therapies to eradicate medical device-associated infections often fail because of the ability of sessile bacteria, encased in their exopolysaccharide matrix, to be more drug resistant than planktonic organisms. In the last two decades, several strategies to prevent microbial adhesion and biofilm formation on the surfaces of medical devices, based mainly on the use of antiadhesive, antiseptic, and antibiotic coatings on polymer surfaces, have been developed. More recent alternative approaches are based on molecules able to interfere with quorum-sensing phenomena or to dissolve biofilms. Interestingly, a newly purified beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, dispersin B, produced by the gram-negative periodontal pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, is able to dissolve mature biofilms produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as some other bacterial species. Therefore, in this study, we developed new polymeric matrices able to bind dispersin B either alone or in combination with an antibiotic molecule, cefamandole nafate (CEF). We showed that our functionalized polyurethanes could adsorb a significant amount of dispersin B, which was able to exert its hydrolytic activity against the exopolysaccharide matrix produced by staphylococcal strains. When microbial biofilms were exposed to both dispersin B and CEF, a synergistic action became evident, thus characterizing these polymer-dispersin B-antibiotic systems as promising, highly effective tools for preventing bacterial colonization of medical devices.
Developpement d'outils d'assistance a la conception optimale des liaisons elastiques par ressorts (2000)

L'OBJECTIF DE NOTRE ETUDE EST DE CONCEVOIR UNE GAMME D'OUTILS D'ASSISTANCE QUI PUISSE PROPOSER LA MEILLEURE CONCEPTION DES RESSORTS DIRECTEMENT A PARTIR DE L'EXPRESSION DES BESOINS. NOTRE PREMIERE CONTRIBUTION S'EST TRADUITE PAR LA CREATION D'UN OUTIL D'ASSISTANCE POUR LA SELECTION D'UN RESSORT DE COMPRESSION DANS UN CATALOGUE. CET OUTIL PROPOSE NON SEULEMENT LE MEILLEUR RESSORT DE LA BASE MAIS AUSSI LE FONCTIONNEMENT OPTIMAL ASSOCIE. TROIS METHODES DE CHOIX ONT ETE ELABOREES POUR CLASSER LES RESSORTS EN FONCTION DE L'OBJECTIF ET DES CONTRAINTES. UN DEUXIEME OUTIL A ETE PROPOSE POUR LA SYNTHESE DIMENSIONNELLE DES RESSORTS DE COMPRESSION SUR MESURE. IL GERE LES SPECIFICATIONS DU CAHIER DES CHARGES, LES NORMES DE CALCUL ET LES CONTRAINTES DE FABRICATION. L'OPTIMISATION A ETE CONFIEE A UNE METHODE DETERMINISTE INTEGREE AU LOGICIEL EXCEL. NOTRE PREOCCUPATION MAJEURE DANS CETTE PARTIE A ETE DE CONSTRUIRE UN ALGORITHME PRELIMINAIRE CAPABLE D'ELABORER UN POINT DE DEPART DE BONNE QUALITE POUR GARANTIR LA ROBUSTESSE DU PROCESSUS. DES OUTILS EQUIVALENTS ONT ETE DEVELOPPES ENSUITE POUR LES RESSORTS DE TRACTION. CES OUTILS ONT PU ETRE VALIDES PAR UN FABRICANT DE RESSORTS. LES RESSORTS DE TORSION CONDUISENT A DES PROBLEMES PLUS COMPLEXES. SEULE UNE EBAUCHE DES OUTILS PRECEDENTS A ETE REALISEE POUR LES RESSORTS DE TORSION A BRANCHES TANGENTES. LES PREMIERS RESULTATS INDIQUENT DES PISTES INTERESSANTES POUR LES TRAVAUX A VENIR.
Effect of Ukrain on the growth and metastasizing of Lewis carcinoma in C57BL/6 mice. (2005)

We studied the effect of the anticancer drug Ukrain on Lewis carcinoma in C57BL/6 mice. A marked progressive anticancer and antimetastatic effect was observed. On day 33 of tumor development, the tumor growth inhibition and metastases inhibition index were 71.5% and 73.1%, respectively. The antimetastatic effect of the drug manifested as a decrease in both number and volume of lung metastases. This finding demonstrates that treatment with Ukrain in Lewis carcinoma-bearing mice not only prevents the formation of new metastases but also inhibits the growth of existing ones. In addition to possessing anticancer and antimetastatic effects, Ukrain has been demonstrated to affect parameters characterizing the state of the immune system. This effect manifested as an increase in the endocrine function of the thymus (a central organ of the immune system), an increase in serum interferon, adhesion of peritoneal macrophages and formation of antibodies against thymus-dependent antigen by spleen plasma cells. Together with intensification of functional activity of the immune system, Ukrain increased the number of lymphoid cells and monocytes in peripheral blood. In addition to the increase in lymphocytes, the number of large granular lymphocytes also increased, i.e., cells possessing natural cytotoxic activity. The results obtained suggest that the antitumor, and especially the antimetastatic, effect of Ukrain is due to its immune-modulating properties, specifically, activation of antitumor resistance concerned with release of interferon and thymus humoral factors. Natural killer (NK) activity is one part of this resistance. NK cells are able to recognize and eliminate from the circulation cells with the potential to form metastases.
Pigment epithelium-derived factor mediates retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection by suppression of caspase-2 (2019)

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) undergo rapid cell death by apoptosis after injury but can be rescued by suppression of caspase-2 (CASP2) using an siRNA to CASP2 (siCASP2). Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), has neuroprotective and anti-angiogenic functions and protects RGC from death. The purpose of this study was to investigate if suppression of CASP2 is a possible mechanism of neuroprotection by PEDF in RGC. Adult rat retinal cells were treated in vitro with sub-optimal and optimal concentrations of siCASP2 and PEDF and levels of CASP2 mRNA and RGC survival were then quantified. Optic nerve crush (ONC) injury followed by intravitreal injections of siCASP2 or PEDF and eye drops of PEDF-34 were also used to determine CASP2 mRNA and protein reduction. Results showed that PEDF and PEDF-34 significantly suppressed CASP2 mRNA in culture, by 1.85- and 3.04-fold, respectively, and increased RGC survival by 63.2 ± 3.8% and 81.9 ± 6.6%, respectively compared to cells grown in Neurobasal-A alone. RGC survival was significantly reduced in glial proliferation inhibited and purified RGC cultures suggesting that some of the effects of PEDF were glia-mediated. In addition, intravitreal injection of PEDF and eye drops of PEDF-34 after ONC also suppressed CASP2 mRNA levels by 1.82- and 3.89-fold and cleaved caspase-2 (C-CASP2) protein levels by 4.98- and 8.93-fold compared to ONC + PBS vehicle groups, respectively, without affecting other executioner caspases. Treatment of retinal cultures with PEDF and PEDF-34 promoted the secretion of neurotrophic factors (NTF) into the culture media, of which brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) caused the greatest reduction in CASP2 mRNA and C-CASP2 protein. The neuroprotective effects of PEDF were blocked by a polyclonal antibody and PEDF suppressed key elements in the apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, this study shows that some of the RGC neuroprotective effects of PEDF is regulated through suppression of CASP2 and downstream apoptotic signalling molecules.
Judging a Fish by Its Ability to Climb a Tree? A Call for Novel Endpoints in the Appraisal of Ablative Local Treatments of Oligometastatic Cancer (2021)

This commentary addresses the need for novel endpoints in clinical research to assess the added value of local treatment of metastases in oligometastatic patients and in patients experiencing limited metastatic progression during systemic therapy (oligoprogressive). Novel metrics are proposed for future implementation in clinical trials.
Countermeasures Derived From the Lessons of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident (2013)

On March 11, 2011, Tokyo Electric Power Company’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) was hit by a tsunami caused by the Tohoku-Pacific Ocean Earthquake, resulting in nuclear accidents in Units #1 to #4. With the aim of improving the safety of NPPs worldwide, we summarize the lessons that have been learned following a thorough analysis of the event and make specific proposals for improving the safety of such facilities. The author has been involved in investigating the causes of the accidents and developing countermeasures for other NPPs in Japan as a member of the Committee for the Investigation of Nuclear Safety of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan [1], an advisory meeting member of NISA with regard to technical lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accidents, and a Safety Evaluation Member of NISA for the other NPPs in Japan [2].
Photoemission ambient pressure ionization (PAPI) with an ultraviolet light emitting diode and detection of organic compounds (2011)

The development of compact, rugged and low-power ion sources is critical for the further advancement of handheld mass analyzers. Further, there is a need to replace the common (63)Ni source used at atmospheric pressure with a non-radioactive substitute. We present here a description of a light emitting diode (LED) photoemission ionization source for use in mass spectrometry for the detection of volatile organic compounds. This technique relies upon the generation of photoelectrons from a low-work function metal via low-energy ultraviolet (UV) light (280 or 240 nm) generated by a single LED in air at atmospheric pressure. These low-energy photoelectrons result in either direct electron capture by the analyte or chemical ionization. Currently, only negative ions are demonstrated due to operation at atmospheric pressure. Ion generation occurs without use of high electric fields such as those found in corona discharge or electrospray ionization. This source is effective for measuring organic vapors from gases, liquids and surface residues via atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, initiated by photoemission off a conductive surface. Several classes of organic vapors are analyzed and found to be effectively detected, including compounds that ionize via electron attachment, dissociative electron capture, proton abstraction, adduct formation and replacement ionization.
A Voting-Based Blockchain Interoperability Oracle (2021)

Today's blockchain landscape is severely fragmented as more and more heterogeneous blockchain platforms have been developed in recent years. These blockchain platforms are not able to interact with each other or with the outside world since only little emphasis is placed on the interoperability between them. Already proposed solutions for blockchain interoperability such as naive relay or oracle solutions are usually not broadly applicable since they are either too expensive to operate or very resource-intensive. For that reason, we propose a blockchain interoperability oracle that follows a voting-based approach based on threshold signatures. The oracle nodes generate a distributed private key to execute an off-chain aggregation mechanism to collectively respond to requests. Compared to state-of-the-art relay schemes, our approach does not incur any ongoing costs and since the on-chain component only needs to verify a single signature, we can achieve remarkable cost savings compared to conventional oracle solutions.
Biomechanical Problems With Contact Pressure Distribution in the Knee Joint After Total Knee Arthroplasty (2000)

Abstract The most critical aspect to the life of Total Knee Arthroplasty is the surgical fit. This project’s goal is to use a 3-D Finite Element Model of the TKA modified knee and create dynamic pressure profiles across the condylar surfaces. Then validate the results through experimental data so that it can be used to fit TKAs. The ANSYS™ model currently contains 10,000 elements and represents the whole tibial piece including the femoral component surface. Loading of the model is restricted to the condylar surface and the bottom of the piece is constrained to zero displacement. The experimental aspect of the project consists of a cadaver leg fitted with the prosthesis and is able to record real time pressure across the condyles as a function of time and joint angle. This study validates previous work and also generates new pressure data indicative of normal flexion-extension motion in the TKA modified joint. This enables the exact alignment of the joint, thus creating a perfect fit and eliminating premature failure of TKAs.
An Introduction to Convolutional Neural Networks (2015)

The field of machine learning has taken a dramatic twist in recent times, with the rise of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). These biologically inspired computational models are able to far exceed the performance of previous forms of artificial intelligence in common machine learning tasks. One of the most impressive forms of ANN architecture is that of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CNNs are primarily used to solve difficult image-driven pattern recognition tasks and with their precise yet simple architecture, offers a simplified method of getting started with ANNs. This document provides a brief introduction to CNNs, discussing recently published papers and newly formed techniques in developing these brilliantly fantastic image recognition models. This introduction assumes you are familiar with the fundamentals of ANNs and machine learning.
Increased lung volume limits endurance of inspiratory muscles (1988)

We examined the influence of lung volume on the ability of normal subjects to sustain breathing against inspiratory resistive loading. Four normal subjects breathed on a closed circuit in which inspiration was loaded by a flow resistor. Subjects were assigned a series of breathing tasks over a range of pressures and flows. In each task there was a specified resistor and also targets for either mean esophageal or airway opening pressure, respiratory frequency, and duty cycle. Endurance was assessed as the length of time to failure of the assigned task. The prime experimental variable was lung volume, which was increased by approximately 1 liter during some tasks; 8 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure was applied to increase lung volume without increasing elastic load. As previously shown (McCool et al.J. Appl. Physiol. 60: 299-303, 1986), for tasks that could be sustained for the same time, there was an inverse linear relationship of mean esophageal pressure with inspiratory flow rate. This trade-off of pressure and flow was apparent both with and without the increase of lung volume. Comparable tasks, however, could not be sustained as long at the higher lung volumes. This effect of volume on endurance was greater for tasks characterized by high inspiratory pressures and low flow rates than for tasks that could be sustained for the same time but that had lower inspiratory pressures and higher flow rates. This is probably due to the effects of shortening of the sarcomere on fatiguability. Increased lung volume, per se, may contribute to respiratory failure because of increased inspiratory muscle fatiguability by mechanisms independent of elastic load.