gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enabling radiation tolerant heterogeneous GPU-based onboard data processing in space (2020)

Abstract The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in small satellite missions for commercial, public, and government intelligence applications. Given the rapid commercialization of constellation-driven services in Earth Observation, situational domain awareness, communications including machine-to-machine interface, exploration etc., small satellites represent an enabling technology for a large growth market generating truly Big Data. Examples of modern sensors that can generate very large amounts of data are optical sensing, hyperspectral, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), and Infrared imaging. Traditional handling and downloading of Big Data from space requires a large onboard mass storage and high bandwidth downlink with a trend towards optical links. Many missions and applications can benefit significantly from onboard cloud computing similarly to Earth-based cloud services. Hence, enabling space systems to provide near real-time data and enable low latency distribution of critical and time sensitive information to users. In addition, the downlink capability can be more effectively utilized by applying more onboard processing to reduce the data and create high value information products. This paper discusses current implementations and roadmap for leveraging high performance computing tools and methods on small satellites with radiation tolerant hardware. This includes runtime analysis with benchmarks of convolutional neural networks and matrix multiplications using industry standard tools (e.g., TensorFlow and PlaidML). In addition, a ½ CubeSat volume unit (0.5U) (10 × 10 × 5 cm 3 ) cloud computing solution, called SpaceCloud™ iX5100 based on AMD 28 nm APU technology is presented as an example of heterogeneous computer solution. An evaluation of the AMD 14 nm Ryzen APU is presented as a candidate for future advanced onboard processing for space vehicles.
HH-IPG: Leveraging Inter-Packet Gap Metrics in P4 Hardware for Heavy Hitter Detection (2022)

The research community has recently proposed several solutions based on modern programmable switches to detect entirely in the data plane the flows exceeding pre-determined threshold in a time window, i.e., Heavy Hitters (HH). This is commonly achieved by dividing the network stream into fixed time slots and identifying each separately without considering the traffic trends from previous intervals. In this work, we show that using specified time windows can lead to high inaccuracies. We make a case for rethinking how switches analyze the incoming packets and propose to leverage per-flow Inter Packet Gap (IPG) analytics instead of using flow counters for HH detection. We propose an algorithm and present a P4 pipeline design using this new metric in mind. We implement our solution on P4 hardware and experimentally evaluate it against real traffic traces. We show that our results are more accurate than related work by up to 20% while reducing the control channel overhead by up to two orders of magnitude. Finally, we showcase a QoS-oriented application of the proposed dataplane-only IPG-based HH detection in a mobile network scenario.
Role of bacteria in DMS(P) cycle (2006)

su r f a ce ocean l owe r a tmosphe re s tudy Role of bacteria in DMS(P) cycle Sree S. Kumar, Usha Chinchkar, Shanta Nair, P. A. Loka Bharathi and D. Chandramohan contact: ksree@nio.org National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula. Goa. India. 403 004 Sree Kumar is a Marine Biology post graduate and in the final year of her PhD in ‘Study of the Role of Microbes as Source and Sink of Dimethyl Sulphide in Coastal Waters’ at the National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India. She is interested in studying about marine microbes and their role in various bigeochemical cycles in the marine environment.
Erosion of the Silicone Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter with the Use of Gentamicin Cream at the Exit Site. (2017)

Infection remains the leading complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Topical mupirocin and gentamicin are frequently used to prevent infections. Mupirocin ointment has been reported to cause damage to both polyurethane and silicone PD catheters. Gentamicin cream has not been associated with physical damage to catheters.A 64-year-old woman on PD developed relapsing peritonitis with Staphylococcus epidermidis. Because of a drainage problem and white discoloration at the exit site, which is known as " frosting," she underwent catheter exchange. The catheter was found to be fractured within the area of frosting. Four more patients with frosting of the catheter were identified. On further questioning, it was recognized that they were applying excessive amounts of gentamicin cream directly on the catheter surface rather than at the exit site. All patients in the program were educated about the correct method of topical antibiotic application. After the change in practice, no further cases of catheter frosting were identified.Polyurethane catheters can undergo oxidation, mineralization, and environmental stress cracking, leading to physical damage such frosting, ballooning, and fracture. Polyethylene glycol, a component of the mupirocin ointment base, is thought to cause plasticization of polyurethane, reducing its tensile strength. Similar damage has been observed in silicone catheters. Previous reports have not found gentamicin cream to cause that type of damage. We observed that excessive amounts of cream applied directly to the catheter surface can damage it. Damage did not recur once patients had been educated about the proper method of application.
Stereochemical Control of Enzymatic Carbon–Carbon Bond‐Forming Michael‐Type Additions by “Substrate Engineering” (2016)

The enzyme 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT) promiscuously catalyzes the Michael-type addition of acetaldehyde to β-nitrostyrene derivatives to yield chiral γ-nitroaldehydes, which are important precursors for pharmaceutically active γ-aminobutyric acids. In this study, we investigated the effect of different substituents at the aromatic ring of the Michael acceptor on the catalytic efficiency and stereoselectivity of the 4-OT-catalyzed acetaldehyde addition reactions. Highly enantioenriched (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-γ-nitroaldehydes and 4-substituted chroman-2-ol could be obtained in good to excellent yields by applying different substituents at appropriate positions of the aromatic substrate. Stereochemical control of these enzymatic Michael-type additions by "substrate engineering" allowed the enantioselective synthesis of valuable γ-aminobutyric acid precursors. In addition, the results suggest a novel enzymatic synthesis route towards precursors for chromans and derivatives, which are valuable scaffolds for preparing biologically active natural products.
Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Plant Adaptation to Low-Fertility Acid Soils of the Tropics: The Case of Brachiariagrasses (2011)

CIAT and its collaborators have an on-going breeding program to combine the desirable attributes from the three grasses B. hybrid cv. Mulato is the product of three generations of crosses between B. ruziziensis, B. decumbens and B. brizantha. This grow well in low P, low fertility acid soils in both wet and dry seasons Defining the specific physiological and biochemical mechanisms that are associated with greater adaptation to low fertility acid soils will contribute to developing rapid and reliable methods to select the phenotypes and to develop molecular markers for marker assisted breeding of brachiariagrasses. Developing superior Brachiaria hybrids from the on-going breeding programs that combine the desirable attributes including adaptation to major biotic and abiotic constraints, forage quality, and seed production will facilitate sustainable intensification of crop-livestock systems in the tropics This chapter reviews the progress made in defining the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation of brachiariagrasses to low fertility acid soils. There is limited knowledge on the comparative differences in Al resistance among B. decumbens, B. brizantha, B. ruziziensis and B. hybrids (Mulato and Mulato ) grown in hydroponic system. Identification of plant attributes that contribute to greater ability to acquire nutrients under low pH, low P and high Al conditions is critical to develop brachiariagrases that are productive and persistant under infertile acid soil conditions. There have been some discussions on the validity of short-term screening technique that uses simple solution of Al and Ca to test the effect of Al on relative root elongation of young seedlings: whether the results obtained by this short-term screening technique can apply to the behaviour of older plants is under discussion However, significant positive correlations were observed on Al resistance of 15 cultivars of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) and 10 cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.) with data obtained using short-term (1 day) screening and long-term screening technique using hydroponic system Similar results were also observed with 8 rice cultivars (unpublished data). In this chapter, we consider short-term vs long-term responses of several plant species including brachiariagrasses that differed widely in their level of Al resistance. B. decumbens is known for very high level of Al resistance, however, the mechanisms responsible for this high level of Al resistance was not associated with exudation capacity of organic acid anions from root tips It is important to define the specific mechanism(s) contributing to the high level of Al resistance in B. decumbens. Higher level of Al exclusion was found in B. decumbens, however, the specific mechanisms related to Al exclusion are not known. Several mechanisms other than organic acid anion exudation were found and the related Al resistance genes have been reported (Huang et al.,
Altered Plasma Amino Acids and Lipids Associated With Abnormal Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Resistance in Older Adults (2018)

Targeted metabolomics identified four plasma amino acids and 16 plasma lipid species, primarily containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, that were associated with abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in older adults.
Experienceof subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy with «Phostal» in children. (2011)

Background. The purpose of the work is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of the subcutaneous allergenspecific immunotherapy (scIT ) using F ostal at pollinosis children. Methods. 31 patient (19 boys and 12 girls) at the age from 5 to 16 with pollinosis with sensibilization to tree pollen (birch, alder, hazel) allergens were observed. A ll patients were divided into 2 groups. T he first group consisted of 11 children, which were treated with F ostal. T he second group was a control group, consisted of 20 children, no treatment was assigned to them. A ll patients from both groups got the basis pollinosis therapy. Efficiency of the scIT using F ostal was estimated in terms of its influence on the childrens quality of life, clinical symptoms and drug load. Results. Good results demonstrated in terms of increased quality of life indexes were achieved after the initial stage of the scIT using F ostal. C ompared to the control group, the amount of needed drugs was significantly decreased, and the decrease in the severity of clinical symptoms of rhinitis (p=0,001) and conjunctivitis (p=0,002) was observed. During the scIT with the F ostal trees pollen some negligible local reactions were observed in all cases, in 7 of 11 patients marked local reactions appeared. O n the initial stage of the therapy no systemic allergic reaction was observed. Conclusion. On the basis of the results of the study, F ostal could be considered as a highly effective and safe for treatment of pollinosis children. S cIT with the F ostal leads to the improvement of childrens quality of life, decreasing of clinical symptoms severity as well as drug load.
Interindividual variability of arterial impulse response to intravenous injection of nonionic contrast agent (Iohexol) in DCE‐CT study (2009)

It was found that there are strong linear relationships between AIR and patient weight; thereby the AIR of a patient can be estimated with patient weight. The proposed method of AIF estimation is potentially applicable in cases where AIF measurement is not possible.
First International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication : 14-16 June 2000, Omiya, Saitama, Japan (2000)

This volume contains the proceedings of the First International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication, held in Omiya, Saitama, Japan, 14-16 June, 2000.
Citrullinated Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 Is an Autoantigen in Type 1 Diabetes (2014)

Posttranslational modifications of self-proteins play a substantial role in the initiation or propagation of the autoimmune attack in several autoimmune diseases, but their contribution to type 1 diabetes is only recently emerging. In the current study, we demonstrate that inflammatory stress, induced by the cytokines interleukin-1β and interferon-γ, leads to citrullination of GRP78 in β-cells. This is coupled with translocation of this endoplasmic reticulum chaperone to the β-cell plasma membrane and subsequent secretion. Importantly, expression and activity of peptidylarginine deiminase 2, one of the five enzymes responsible for citrullination and a candidate gene for type 1 diabetes in mice, is increased in islets from diabetes-prone nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Finally, (pre)diabetic NOD mice have autoantibodies and effector T cells that react against citrullinated GRP78, indicating that inflammation-induced citrullination of GRP78 in β-cells generates a novel autoantigen in type 1 diabetes, opening new avenues for biomarker development and therapeutic intervention.
Toxic Phytochemicals and Their Potential Risks for Human Cancer (2014)

Consuming plants for their presumed health benefits has occurred since early civilizations. Phytochemicals are found in various plants that are frequently included in the human diet and are generally thought to be safe for consumption because they are produced naturally. However, this is not always the case and in fact many natural compounds found in several commonly consumed plants are potential carcinogens or tumor promoters and should be avoided.
La sostenibilidad de las pensiones públicas en España: aspectos básicos (2021)

En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un análisis introductorio del sistema público de pensiones de España desde el punto de vista de la sostenibilidad. Inicialmente se expone el esquema de flujos y variables que condicionan la sostenibilidad de un sistema de reparto. A continuación, partiendo de la situación presupuestaria actual, se examinan las proyecciones demográficas y financieras, las cuales arrojan un escenario de déficits estructurales en las décadas venideras. Finalmente se esbozan diversas líneas de reforma para hacer frente a dicha situación.
Photophysical and Theoretical Studies on Luminescent Tetranuclear Coinage Metal Building Blocks (2006)

The synthesis, structural characterization, and the study of the photophysical properties of complexes [Au2Ag2(C6F5)4(N⋮CCH3)2]n (1) and [Au2Cu2(C6F5)4(N⋮CCH3)2]n (2) have been carried out. The crystal structure of both complexes consists of polymeric chains formed by repetition of Au2Ag2 or Au2Cu2 units built up by metallophilic Au(I)···M(I) interactions that are linked through Au(I)···Au(I) interactions. Complexes 1 and 2 are brightly luminescent in the solid state at room temperature and at 77 K with lifetimes in the nanosecond range. Both compounds 1 and 2 undergo oligomerization in solution, as observed through UV−vis and excitation spectra in acetonitrile solutions at high concentrations. Thus, a correlation between the excitation spectra in solution at different concentrations and the absorption spectra in the solid state for complex 1 can be established. Time-dependent DFT calculations agree well with the experimental results and support the idea of that the origin of the luminescence of these complexes arises from orbitals located in the tetranuclear Au2M2 units.
Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry Reveals Specific Changes in the Local Flexibility of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 upon Binding to the Somatomedin B Domain of Vitronectin (2012)

The native fold of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) represents an active metastable conformation that spontaneously converts to an inactive latent form. Binding of the somatomedin B domain (SMB) of the endogenous cofactor vitronectin to PAI-1 delays the transition to the latent state and increases the thermal stability of the protein dramatically. We have used hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to assess the inherent structural flexibility of PAI-1 and to monitor the changes induced by SMB binding. Our data show that the PAI-1 core consisting of β-sheet B is rather protected against exchange with the solvent, while the remainder of the molecule is more dynamic. SMB binding causes a pronounced and widespread stabilization of PAI-1 that is not confined to the binding interface with SMB. We further explored the local structural flexibility in a mutationally stabilized PAI-1 variant (14-1B) as well as the effect of stabilizing antibody Mab-1 on wild-type PAI-1. The three modes of stabilizing PAI-1 (SMB, Mab-1, and the mutations in 14-1B) all cause a delayed latency transition, and this effect was accompanied by unique signatures on the flexibility of PAI-1. Reduced flexibility in the region around helices B, C, and I was seen in all three cases, which suggests an involvement of this region in mediating structural flexibility necessary for the latency transition. These data therefore add considerable depth to our current understanding of the local structural flexibility in PAI-1 and provide novel indications of regions that may affect the functional stability of PAI-1.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Plasma ALT, ALP, and Bile Acids for Hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers (2017)

Histopathologic abnormalities in the liver were present in the majority of apparent clinically healthy Labrador retrievers. The sensitivity of ALT, ALP, and BA for detecting acute and chronic hepatitis in this population was low. More sensitive biomarkers are needed for early detection of liver disease in apparent clinically healthy dogs.
Kinetics and mechanisms of TiN oxidation beneath Pt thin films (1997)

Oxidation kinetics are reported for TiN thin film diffusion barriers beneath polycrystalline Pt films of 50–200 nm thickness annealed in dry O2/N2 ambients of varying oxygen partial pressure and total pressure near 1 atm. Oxygen resonance backscattering spectrometry was used to detect thin oxide layers at the Pt/TiN interface produced by oxidation annealing at 475–650 °C. Over part of this temperature range, a linear oxidation rate law was observed for the buried TiN film, indicating the oxidation rate was independent of average titanium oxide thickness. Possible rate-controlling oxidation mechanisms are analyzed critically in light of the kinetic data and results from microstructural studies of the Pt/TiN specimens. We conclude that the rate-limiting step in the Pt/TiN oxidation process is diffusion of oxygen through the Pt grain boundaries.
External Beam Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation in Early Breast Cancer and the Risk for Radiogenic Pneumonitis (2022)

In order to evaluate the risk for radiation-associated symptomatic pneumonitis in a prospective external beam accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) trial, between 2011 and 2021, 170 patients with early stage breast cancer were enclosed in the trial. Patients were eligible for study participation if they had a histologically confirmed breast cancer or an exclusive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a tumor size ≤3 cm, free safety margins ≥2 mm, no involved axillary lymph nodes, tumor bed clips, and were ≥50 years old. Patients received APBI with 38 Gy with 10 fractions in 10 consecutive working days. The trial was registered at the German Clinical Trials Registry, DRKS-ID: DRKS00004417. Median follow-up was 56 (1−129) months. Ipsilateral lung MLD, V20, and V30 were 4.3 ± 1.4 Gy, 3.0 ± 2.0%, and 1.0 ± 1.0%, respectively. Radiogenic pneumonitis grade 2 appeared in 1/170 (0.6%) patients two months after radiotherapy. Ipsilateral MLD, V20, and V30 were 6.1 Gy, 7, and 3% in this patient. Additionally, individual radiosensitivity was increased in this specific patient. Compared to WBI, APBI leads to lower lung doses. Using APBI, the risk of symptomatic radiogenic pneumonitis is very low and may be limited, with an ipsilateral V20 < 3% to very exceptional cases associated with innate risk factors with an increased radiation susceptibility.
Partially active HIV-1 Vif alleles facilitate viral escape from specific antiretrovirals (2010)

This study provides evidence that patients experiencing virological failure frequently harbor Vif point mutants (i.e. K22H). Such Vif alleles lose their ability to counteract APOBEC3 proteins, leading to an increase of G-to-A viral mutations that can facilitate the emergence of some antiretroviral resistance mutations.
An efficient source of continuous variable polarization entanglement (2007)

We have experimentally demonstrated the efficient creation of highly entangled bipartite continuous variable polarization states. Exploiting an optimized scheme for the production of squeezing using the Kerr non-linearity of a glass fibre we generated polarization squeezed pulses with a mean classical excitation in . Polarization entanglement was generated by interfering two independent polarization squeezed fields on a symmetric beam splitter. The resultant beams exhibit strong quantum noise correlations in the dark polarization plane. To verify entanglement generation, we characterized the quantum correlations of the system for two different sets of conjugate Stokes parameters. The quantum correlations along the squeezed and the anti-squeezed Stokes parameters were observed to be −4.1±0.3 and −2.6±0.3 dB below the shot noise level, respectively. The degree of correlations was found to depend critically on the beam-splitting ratio of the entangling beam splitter. Carrying out measurements on a different set of conjugate Stokes parameters, correlations of −3.6±0.3 and −3.4±0.3 dB have been observed. This result is more robust against asymmetries in the entangling beam splitter, even in the presence of excess noise.
Algorithms for estimating the cluster tree of a density (2006)

The goal of clustering is to identify distinct groups in a data set, and assign a group label to each observation. To cast clustering as a statistical problem, we regard the data as an independent and identically distributed sample from some unknown probability density p. We adopt the premise that groups correspond to modes of the density. Our goal then is to find the modes and assign each observation to the domain of attraction of a mode. We do this by estimating the cluster tree of the density, a representation of the hierarchical structure of its level sets. Leaves of the cluster tree correspond to modes of the density. An obvious way of estimating the cluster tree of the underlying density p from a sample is to first compute a density estimate pˆ and then use the cluster tree of pˆ as an estimate for the cluster tree of p. 
We first present an algorithm that computes the cluster tree for piecewise constant density estimates. Exact computation of the cluster tree for general density estimates seems infeasible. Our second contribution is a graph-based approach for approximating the cluster tree of any density estimate. A problem with this graph-based approach is that it requires the edge weights of a graph which are not given in closed form but instead are solutions of an optimization problem; the weight of an edge connecting two observations is the minimum of the estimated density along the edge. Our third contribution is an algorithm that exactly implements the graph-based approach for smooth density estimates.