gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CloudStash: Using Secret-Sharing Scheme to Secure Data, Not Keys, in Multi-clouds (2014)

Cloud storages have many exciting features that attract many individuals and organizations for storing and sharing data over the cloud. However, security and key management are still remaining the highlighted concerns in cloud storage. Managing/protecting keys is a problem for existing approaches, and opens the risk of attackers working to offline brute-force crack the decryption and/or surreptitiously obtaining the key and using it offline. To address these issues, we propose the Cloud Stash scheme, a system that applied the secret-sharing scheme directly on the file to store multi-shares of a file into multi-clouds. Cloud Stash utilizes secret-sharing, low cost cloud storages and multi-threading to improve confidentiality, availability, performance and fault tolerance. Cloud Stash achieves this improvement by splitting a file into multi-shares of secret and distributing these multi-shares into multi-clouds simultaneously where threshold shares are required to reconstruct the file. Our experiments show that Cloud Stash is statistically significantly faster for small files, and even for large files the added cost is not statistically worse. So the added security benefits are nearly free from the users' perspective.
v-Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines (8-azapurines). Part XIII. Reaction of 8-azapurines with bifunctional nucleophiles (1973)

8-Azapurine and its 2-oxo- and 2-thioxo-derivatives were cleaved by 1,1-dimethylhydrazine to yield 4-dimethylhydrazonomethylamino-(7a), 4-ureido-(5a), and 4-thioureido-(5b) 1,2,3-triazole-5-carbaldehyde dimethylhydrazone, respectively, and by hydrazine to give 4-amino-(9a), 4-ureido-(9b), and 4-thioureido-(9c) 1,2,3-triazole-5-carbaldehyde azine, respectively. 2-Amino-8-azapurine gave 4-hydrazonomethylamino-1,2,3-triazole-5-carbaldehyde hydrazone (7d).With hydroxylamine, 8-azapurine and its 2-amino and 2-thioxo-derivatives yielded, respectively, 4-hydroxyiminomethylamino-(7b), 4-diaminomethyleneamino-(4a), and 4-thioureido-(5c) 1,2,3-triazole-5-carbaldehyde oxime, whereas the reaction with 8-azapurin-2(3H)-one stopped at the addition product 1,6-dihydro-6-hydroxyamino-8-azapurin-2(3H)-one (3a). Similarly 8-azapurine and methoxyamine yielded 5-methoxyiminomethyl-4-methoxyiminomethylamino-1,2,3-triazole (7c), whereas its 2-oxo-derivative gave 1,6-dihydro-6-methoxyamino-8-azapurin-2(3H)-one (3b). 1 H N.m.r. and u.v. spectra, and some pKa values, are reported; their bearing upon the structures of the products and the reaction mechanisms is discussed.
Diet-related variation in cellular retinol-binding protein type II gene expression in rat jejunum (2005)

Cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBPII) is involved in the transport of vitamin A and its metabolism in the small intestine. In the present study, we demonstrated diet-related variations in CRBPII expression in rat jejunum. The CRBPII protein and mRNA levels increased in parallel after the start of feeding period regardless of whether the feeding period was restricted to the hours of darkness or of light. In addition, this variation was observed in the rats fed high-fat diet or low-fat diets, but not in those fed a fat-free diet or in fasted rats. A similar diet-induced variation was seen in the mRNA of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein in rat jejunum. In the transient transfection experiment, unsaturated fatty acid increased rat CRBPII gene promoter activity via the PPARalpha/retinoid X receptor-alpha heterodimer. Taken together, these results suggest that the diet-related variation in CRBPII expression in rat jejunum may be brought about by the transcriptional induction of CRBPII gene expression mainly triggered by dietary fatty acids.
Microstructure and Molecular Interaction in Glycerol Plasticized Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Blending Films (2009)

Abstract Exploring some basic interactions in blending systems is of great significance for designing a blend with controlled structure and properties. This work attempts to analyze microstructure and molecular interaction in glycerol plasticized chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends by atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. Our results show that the blending films are aggregated by spherical chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) blending nanoparticles. The size and aggregation behavior of these particles are closely related to glycerol content. The presence of glycerol gives rise to a continuous closing in T g of poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan components, suggesting an improved miscibility of the blend. Strong hydrogen bonding interaction in the blend is observed and further distinguished by peak resolution. Moreover, more interesting evidence on the effect of glycerol in the blends is provided by monitoring the structure evolution of the blend at different blending steps using atomic force microscopy. The formation of strong hydrogen bonding network among glycerol molecules and polymer matrix was considered as the main driving force to result in the changes in the microstructure and miscibility of the blend. magnified image
Social Networks (2008)

Abstract Social networks models are a body of statistical procedures for describing relationships between agents. The term stems from initial applications that studied interactions within human communities, but the methodology is now used much more broadly and can analyze interactions among genes, proteins, nations, and websites. In the context of risk analysis, social network models have been used to describe the formation, persistence, and breakdown of terrorist cells. They also pertain to studies of organizational behavior.
[Prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly; the ERGO study (Erasmus Rotterdam Health and the Elderly)]. (1995)

In the Rotterdam Study, prevalence and determinants of chronic diseases in the elderly (age > or = 55 years), were investigated in inhabitants of Ommoord, a suburb of Rotterdam. The study focused on cardiac diseases (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, cardiovascular risk factors), glaucoma, macular degeneration, osteoporosis, osteoarthrosis and invalidity, dementia (Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease), epilepsy, cerebrovascular accident. The number of participants was 7983 (3105 men, 4878 women), a response of 78%. The participants were interviewed and were twice examined in an out-patient clinic. The results will be described in subsequent issues of this journal.
Experimental Analysis of Angled Injection Aerostatic Hybrid Bearings (2017)

Counter-rotation angled injection employed for aerostatic hybrid bearings reduces the cross coupling stiffness that may lead to whirl-whip instabilities at high rotation speeds. The benefits of counter-rotation injection have been known for years. Theoretical investigations were performed for water or air fed hybrid bearings but experiments were conducted only for water fed bearings. The present work is the first effort dedicated to angled injection in air fed hybrid bearings. The tests were performed for a simple rotor supported by two identical hybrid bearings. The hybrid bearings are provided with small size, shallow pockets and are fed with air via counter-rotation oriented orifice type restrictors. An impulse turbine fed with air entrains the rotor. An impact gun applies dynamic excitations and the rotordynamic coefficients are identified from the equations of motion of the rotor. Different air feeding pressures are tested as well as high rotational speeds. Compared to the dynamic characteristics of radial injection hybrid bearings, the direct stiffness of counter-rotation injection bearings has slightly lower values and the direct damping is higher but the main impact is the drastic reduction of the cross-coupling stiffness that may have even negative values.
Gain, Loss, and Asset Pricing (2000)

We develop an approach to asset pricing in incomplete markets that bridges the gap between the two fundamental approaches in finance: model‐based pricing and pricing by no arbitrage. We strengthen the absence of arbtrage assumption by precluding investment opportunities whose attractiveness to a benchmark investor exceeds a specified threshold. In our framework, the attractiveness of an investment opportunity is measured by the gain‐loss ratio. We show that a restriction on the maximum gain‐loss ratio is equivalent to a restriction on the ratio of the maximum to minimum values of the pricing kernel. By limiting the maximum gainloss ratio, we can restrict the admissible set of pricing kernels, which in turn allows us to restrict the set of prices that can be assigned to assets. We illustrate our methodology by computing price bounds for call options in a Black‐Scholes economy without intermediate trading. When we vary the maximum permitted gainloss ratio, these bounds can range from the exact prices implied by a model‐based pricing approach to the loose price bounds implied by the no‐arbitrage approach.
Comparison of the degradation of polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone–(β‐tricalcium phosphate) scaffolds in alkaline medium (2007)

Abstract The design and fabrication of scaffolds and biodegradable devices using slow‐degrading polymers and composites (degradation/resorption &gt; 2 years) involve the necessity for long‐term in vitro and in vivo studies. If multiple designs and materials need to be tested, then this would use much time and financial resources. Accelerated degradation systems aim to achieve comparable degradation profiles within a shorter period of time. This investigation considers the hydrolytic degradation of polycaprolactone (PCL) and PCL–calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds in 5 mol L −1 NaOH at 37 °C. The scaffolds degrade via surface erosion, which proceeds in a consistent and predictable manner. The hydrolytic degradation of PCL‐based scaffolds alone is slow, governed by their high molecular weights, crystallinity, hydrophobicity, surface‐to‐volume ratio and porosity. The incorporation of CaP significantly increases the degradation rate. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Automatic construction of learning ontologies (2003)

This paper describes a system which automatically constructs an extensive ontology of computer science. This can serve as a basis for making inferences about student models and other reasoning within a teaching system. The system enables a user to select a focus concept and then see the most closely related concepts.
Optical and Structural Properties of ESIPT Inspired HBT–Fluorene Molecular Aggregates and Liquid Crystals (2017)

In bulk materials, positional isomers not only help in understanding how slight difference in molecular structure alters the crystal packing and optical properties, but also play a key role in developing new type of materials for functional applications. A detailed study on the photophysical properties of fluorene-HBT positional isomers in solution and in the solid state providing a molecular level understanding of the factors which influence fluorescence behavior is reported. Two molecules Ia and IIa were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction and their photophysical properties were compared to positional isomers Ib and IIb. Crystal structure analyses and density functional theory (DFT) computation studies were performed to understand structure-properties relation and the results reveal that changing substitution pattern has a marked influence on their packing modes and luminescence properties. Strong noncovalent interactions (π-π) in the solid state hamper the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process which causes fluorescence quenching in the solid state (Ia and IIa = Φ<sub>f</sub>, 28-40%; Ib and IIb = Φ<sub>f</sub>, 55-67%). Compounds show solvent-responsive and aggregation induced emission (AIE) properties. Bent structures of Ia with double and symmetric substitution of ESIPT motifs exhibit particularly unique condensed phase upon heating, confirmed as a nematic liquid crystalline phase, and this is the first report on the ESIPT and AIE active liquid crystalline materials with a banana-shaped molecule.
A graphics toolkit based on differential constraints (1993)

This paper describes Bramble, a toolkit for constructing graphical editing applications. The primary focus of Bramble is improve support for graphical manipulation by employing differential constraint techniques. A constraint engine capable of managing non-linear equations maps interactive controls and constraints to object parameters. This allows objects to provide mathematical outputs that are easily composed, rather than exposing their internal structure or requiring special purpose interaction techniques. The model of interaction used with the differential approach has a continuous notion of time, which provides the continuous motion required for graphical manipulation. Bramble provides a LISP-like extension language and support for other application features such as windows and buttons. The paper concludes with examples of interaction techniques defined in Bramble and applications built with Bramble.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydration: Direct Synthesis of α-Protio and α-Deuterio α-Chloro and α-Fluoro Carboxylic Acids (2010)

Asymmetric hydration of alpha,alpha-dichloro aldehydes and alpha-halo enals via a NHC-catalyzed redox process to yield enantioenriched alpha-chloro and alpha-fluoro carboxylic acids is described herein. The developed reaction allows for installation of an alpha-deuterium to give rise to enantioenriched alpha-deutero alpha-halo acids using D(2)O as the deuteron source.
Runaway breakdown in the Jovian atmospheres (2006)

Using detailed Monte Carlo calculations, the properties of runaway breakdown in the atmospheres of the four gas giant planets in our solar system are investigated, and the runaway avalanche lengths and average runaway electron kinetic energies are presented as a function of atmospheric electric field strengths. The runaway breakdown threshold field for the Jovian atmospheres is found to be 10 times smaller than the conventional breakdown field when hydrometeors are present, compared to 3 times smaller for Earth's atmosphere, indicating that runaway breakdown processes may be much more efficient in the gas giants than on Earth. In the Earth's atmosphere, runaway breakdown is known to produce large bursts of x‐rays and gamma‐rays from thunderstorms, such as terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes, and may play a role in lightning initiation. These results suggest that runaway breakdown may play an important role in thunderstorm and lightning processes on the Jovian planets as well.
Interpolation with Fourier-radial adaptive thresholding (2010)

Abstract Many interpolation methods are effective with regularly sampled or randomly sampled data, whereas the spatial sampling of seismic reflectivity data is typically neither regular nor random. Fourier-radial adaptive thresholding (FRAT) is a sparsity-promoting method in which the interpolated result is sparse in the frequency-wavenumber domain and is coherent in a manner consistent with that of a collection of unaliased plane waves. The sparsity and the desired pattern in the f-k domain are promoted by iterative soft thresholding and adaptive weighting; data in the f-k domain are transformed to polar coordinates and then low-pass filtered along the radial axis to generate the nonlinear weight. FRAT interpolates data that are randomly sampled and aliased; i.e., where the minimum distance between adjacent traces is greater than the Nyquist sampling interval. A conventional approach to solving this problem is to apply a cascade of two procedures: first a sparsity-based method, such as projection onto convex sets (POCS) to interpolate the data onto a regularly sampled but aliased grid, followed by a “beyond aliasing” approach such as Gülünay f-k interpolation to further interpolate the regularly sampled POCS result. In a simple synthetic example of two dipping plane waves with irregular, aliased sampling, FRAT outperformed this cascaded approach. In another experiment, the Sigsbee2A prestack synthetic data set was sampled using the source geometry from a 3D offshore survey where POCS will have difficulty with the semiregularity of this sampling pattern. FRAT produced results superior to those of POCS before and after the data were migrated.
Expression of programmed death ligand 1 is associated with poor prognosis in myeloid sarcoma patients (2018)

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare condition and is an extramedullary tumour of immature myeloid cells. It is now known that the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway suppresses the host antitumor responses and that these products are expressed on both tumour cells and tumour-infiltrating cells in various malignancies. However, little is known about the significance of PD-1/PD-L1 expression on tumour cells and tumour microenvironmental cells in MS. To investigate the clinicopathological significance of PD-1/PD-L1 expression in MS, we analyzed 98 patients by immunohistochemistry. Of these, 10.2% of cases had neoplastic tumour cells positive for PD-L1 (nPD-L1<sup>+</sup> ). However, the rate of nPD-L1<sup>+</sup> was <5% (range: 0.27 to 2.97%). On the other hand, PD-L1 expression on 1 or more of stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment (miPD-L1<sup>+</sup> ) was observed in 37.8% of cases. Because all nPD-L1<sup>+</sup> cases expressed PD-1 on less than 5% of tumour cells, we compared the miPD-L1<sup>+</sup> and miPD-L1<sup>-</sup> groups. There was a correlation between miPD-L1<sup>+</sup> status and the number of PD-1-expressing tumour -infiltrating lymphocytes (PD-1<sup>+</sup> TILs; P = .0229). miPD-L1<sup>+</sup> was found to be associated with poorer overall survival and progression-free survival (P = .00392, P = .00261, respectively). Multivariate analysis also confirmed miPD-L1<sup>+</sup> to be an independent poor prognostic factor. In conclusion, our study indicated that the immunotherapy blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may improve the clinical outcome of MS.
Paramagnetic Precipitates May Raise Supercurrent (1985)

Addition of Mn to Ti/Nb superconducting alloy increases critical current. Adding Mn to Ti/Nb alloy has little effect on major superconducting phase, but confers strong paramagnetic susceptibility on alpha-phase particles. beta-phase particles become stronger flux pinners, resulting in increase in critical current.
A Streamline Simulator to Model Field Scale Three-Dimensional Flow (1996)

Abstract We present a streamline method to model convective-dominated displacements in heterogeneous porous media.
Durable Mesenchymal Stem Cell Labelling by Using Polyhedral Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (2009)

Small polyhedral superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles (<10 nm) coated with a thin layer of silica were prepared (SPIO@SiO(2) and SPIO@SiO(2)-NH(2)). Surface modification of the small polyhedral silica-coated SPIO nanoparticles with amines led to substantially higher mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) labelling efficiency without the use of additional transfecting agents. Therefore, amine surface-modified nanoparticles (SPIO@ SiO(2)-NH(2)) appeared to be the preferred candidate for MSC labelling. In vitro studies demonstrated that controlled labelling of SPIO@SiO(2) and SPIO@SiO(2)-NH(2) did not cause MSC death or proliferation inhibition. MSCs labelled with SPIO@SiO(2)-NH(2) nanoparticles retained differentiation potential and showed osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiations. The noncytotoxic polyhedral SPIO@SiO(2)-NH(2) nanoparticle-labelled MSCs were successfully implanted in rabbit brain and erector spinae muscle, and demonstrated long-lasting, durable MRI labelling efficacy after 8-12 weeks.
Obtaining Binaural Room Impulse Responses from B-Format Impulse Responses (2008)

Given a set of head related transfer functions (HRTFs) and a room impulse response measured with a Soundfield microphone, the proposed technique computes binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) which are similar to binaural room impulse responses that would be measured if in place of the Soundfield microphone, the dummy head used for the HRTF set was directly recording the BRIRs. The proposed technique enables that from a set of HRTFs corresponding BRIRs for different rooms are obtained without a need for the dummy head or person to be present for measurement.
Therapeutic Potential of siRNA-Mediated Transcriptional Gene Silencing (2006)

RNA interference (RNAi) and specifically the use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) represents a potentially new paradigm in gene knockout technology. Clearly siRNAs can be used to knockdown the expression of a targeted transcript in what has been termed posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). While there are a plethora of reports applying siRNA-mediated PTGS the limitation of the duration of the effect remains. Recently, in human cells, siRNAs have been shown, similar to plants and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, to mediate transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). The observation that siRNAs can function in a TGS manner in human cells suggests that, similar to plants, human genes may also be able to be silenced more permanently via epigenetic modifications. The ramifications of siRNA-mediated TGS in humans suggest that longer term suppression of gene function can be obtained via siRNA-directed chromatin modifications. Undoubtedly the potential to employ siRNA technology is broader than once envisioned in human cells and suggests that siRNA-mediated TGS is not simply limited to PTGS. The potential to utilize siRNAs to direct epigenetic changes in local chromatin structure offers a new therapeutic avenue that could prove remarkably robust and of immeasurable therapeutic value in the directed control of target gene expression.
Discovering attribute dependence in databases by integrating symbolic learning and statistical analysis techniques (1993)

The paper presents a method for integrating two different types of data analysis: symbolic inductive learning and statistical methods. The method concerns the problem of discovering rules characterizing the dependence between a group of dependent attributes and a group of independent groups, e.g., decision attributes and measurable attributes. The method proceeds along two paths. One paths generates a set of rules characterizing this dependency using a symbolic inductive learning program (AQ15). In the obtained rules, each attribute is assigned &amp;quot;importance score &amp;quot; which represents the ratio of the total number of examples that can be classified by this attribute to the maximum number of classified examples. Second path calculates the correlation coefficient between the decision and measurable attributes using the Chi-square test. The independent attributes with low &amp;quot;importance score &amp;quot; and low correlation are considered irrelevant, and removed from the data. The AQ15 is applied again to the data set spanned over the reduced set of attributes, in order to determine the simplest expression characterizing the dependency. The method has been experimentally applied to two real world problems: &amp;quot;Wind bracing &amp;quot; Mto determine the dependence of the type of wind-bracing for tall buildings on the parameters of the building, and &amp;quot;Accident factors&amp;quot;Mto determine the dependence between the age of construction workers and the types of accidents. The results have shown that the proposed approach of combining two different methods for relevant attribute determination gives better results than those obtained by applying either method separately.
Critical Assessment of Microarray Data Analysis: the 2001 challenge (2001)

http://camda.duke.edu.
ChemInform Abstract: INORGANIC RING SYSTEMS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE. PART II. SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS IN THE AZIRIDINOLYSIS OF (NPCL2)3 (1982)

Abstract Die Aziridinolyse der aus Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazen und entsprechenden cyclischen Aminen synthetisierten Monoamino‐ bzw. cisund trans‐Diamino‐Derivate (I) (n = 1 bzw. 2) in Ether wird untersucht.