gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Impairment and Dangerous Driving: A Decision-Making Model for the Psychologist to Balance Confidentiality with Safety (2007)

The Transitional Opportunity Partnership (TOP) is a framework for psychological care of cognitively impaired individuals. In this paper we address the issues associated with cognitively impaired drivers and how the TOP model can assist psychologists in managing the ethical, legal, and moral dilemmas that often occur with this challenging population. This paper offers suggestions for how to therapeutically manage the privilege of driving with cognitively impaired individuals, through client education, increasing awareness of client resistance or in-capacity to recognize impairment, and proactive intervention.
Performance of double phase encoding encryption technique using binarized encrypted images (1998)

We investigate the performance of an image encryption tech- nique that uses random-phase encoding in both the input plane and the Fourier plane, using partial information of the encrypted image. We first investigate the phase-only information of the encrypted data for decryp- tion. A binary version of the phase-only information is also considered for decryption. Binary images are well suited for optical display and practical implementation. Using partial information of the encrypted image, a re- constructed complex image is generated, which is used for decryption. Tests are performed for both gray-scale and binary images. We show that the phase information of the encrypted image is very important in the reconstruction of the decrypted image. Computer simulations show that for the images tested here, binarization of the encrypted image can re- cover the original image with low mean squared error. © 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(98)04302-5) noise. 3 The fault-tolerance properties of this technique were investigated in Ref. 4. In this paper, we evaluate the phase information of the encrypted image and investigate the ef- fect of its binarization on the recovered image. We give the reasons for the binarization of the encrypted image, and tackle the problems raised by it. It is shown that postpro- cessing of the decrypted image can improve the quality of the recovered images. We show, for the images tested here, that recovered images of very good quality can be obtained.
Kinetics and Degradation Processes of CuO as Conversion Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries: An Electrochemical Study Combined with Pressure Monitoring and DEMS (2017)

Copper oxide (CuO) can be used as electrode material for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries; however, the path toward application for rechargeable systems is still long. This is mainly related to the complex nature of the electrode reaction and to aging mechanisms that are not well understood, especially in the case of sodium. The main subject of this paper is to compare the electrode reaction of CuO in lithium (CuO/Li) and sodium (CuO/Na) half-cells and to study side reactions in the CuO/Na system by means of differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and in situ pressure monitoring during galvanostatic cycling (PMGC). Electrode processes have been studied at different current densities and temperatures. In CuO/Li cells, CuO and Cu2O form during charging, their respective fraction depending on the current density. In case of CuO/Na, Cu2O is always the charging product although oxidation to CuO can be temporarily achieved by increasing the temperature to 50 °C. The difference between both CuO/Na and CuO/Li is related to the electrode volume expansion/shrinkage during cycling. Differences in the temporal evolution of electrode surface films are followed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For the CuO/Na system, PMGC and DEMS studies reveal a periodic release of gaseous side products as a result of a slow but likely continuous electrolyte degradation. This degradation is due to the repeated formation of a surface film (discharge) and its partial dissolution (charge) accompanied by the release of H2 and CO2. The degradation processes fade during cycling but remain dynamic. This means that a long cycle life of CuO electrodes in sodium-ion batteries can likely be only achieved by employing some excess electrolyte.
Turmeric : a brief review of medicinal properties (1997)

Turmeric has been attributed a number of medicinal properties in the traditional system of medicine and its internal as well local use has been advocated. The major claims have been for use as antiseptic, cure for poisoning, eliminating body waste products, for dyspesia, respiratory disorders and cure for a number of skin diseases including promotion of wound healing. Recent studies have confirmed some of the older claims and brought out several new useful properties. Curcumin, curcuminoids and essential oils are the major active constituents. The main activities have been found to be anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, wound healing, anticancer, antitumor and antiviral. Discovery of antiviral properties in curcumin, particularly against HIV, is interesting and needs proper evaluation. The review highlights some of the newer researches which may explain the multifaceted activity of this natural product. Different extracts of turmeric and also curcumin hone been tried clinically in several diseased conditions with gratifying results.
A Cover-Based Approach to Multi-Agent Moving Target Pursuit (2008)

We explore the task of designing an efficient multi-agent system that is capable of capturing a single moving target, assuming that every agent knows the location of all agents on a fixed known graph. Many existing approaches are suboptimal as they do not coordinate multiple pursuers and are slow as they re-plan each time the target moves, which makes them fare poorly in real-time pursuit scenarios such as video games. We address these shortcomings by developing the concept of cover set, which leads to a measure that takes advantage of information about the position and speed of each agent. We first define cover set and then present an algorithm that uses cover to coordinate multiple pursuers. We compare the effectiveness of this algorithm against several classic and state-of-the-art pursuit algorithms, along several performance measures. We also compute the optimal pursuit policy for several small grids, and use the associated optimal scores as yardsticks for our analysis.
Formation and photodetachment of cold metal cluster negative ions (1985)

A general method is described for the formation of cold metal cluser negative ion beams which serve as excellent sources for photodetachment experiments. The method involves the pulsed laser vaporization of a metal target at the throat of a pulsed supersonic helium expansion. By the optimization of source conditions, intense beams (greater than 105 ions/pulse) of both positive and negative ions are produced routinely. Ionization of the metal cluster molecules, either during vaporization or by irradiation with 193 nm light, occurs prior to supersonic expansion and produces a cold plasma entrained in the neural flow that is renitent to stray electric and magnetic fields, unlike photoions produced in the collisionless downstream molecular beam. The enhancement of the negative ion flux by 193 nm irradiation is believed to be evidence for efficient electron attachment of low energy photoelectrons generated in the nozzle region. This attachment process, however, is apparently not effective for molecules containing less than ∼4 metal atoms. Laser irradition of mass-selected cluster anions extracted from these cold ion beams reveal that photodetachment of the metal cluster negative ion is always the preferred pathway, even when fragmentation of the ion is possible. This new negative ion production technique should therefore permit measurement of both electron affinities and photoelectron spectra as a function of cluster size and composition.
Effects of Growth Hormone (GH) Replacement Therapy on Low-Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein B100 Kinetics in Adult Patients with GH Deficiency: A Stable Isotope Study (2004)

GH replacement therapy has been shown to improve the dyslipidemic condition in a substantial proportion of patients with adult GH deficiency. The mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apolipoprotein B100 (apoB) formation and catabolism are important determinants of plasma cholesterol concentrations. This study examined the effect of GH replacement therapy on LDL apoB metabolism using a stable isotope turnover technique. LDL apoB kinetics was determined in 13 adult patients with GH deficiency before and after 3 months GH/placebo treatment in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. LDL apoB (13)C-leucine enrichment was determined by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Plasma volume was assessed by standardized radionuclide dilution technique. GH replacement therapy significantly decreased LDL cholesterol, LDL apoB concentrations, and LDL apoB pool size compared with placebo. Compared with baseline, GH replacement therapy resulted in a significant increase in plasma volume and fractional catabolic rate, whereas LDL formation rate remained unchanged. LDL lipid content did not significantly change after GH and placebo. This study suggests that short-term GH replacement therapy decreases the LDL apoB pool by increasing removal of LDL particles without changing LDL composition or LDL apoB production rate. In addition, it is possible that the beneficial effects of GH on the cardiovascular system contribute to these findings.
NavOScan: hassle-free handheld 3D scanning with automatic multi-view registration based on combined optical and inertial pose estimation (2013)

Portable 3D scanners with low measurement uncertainty are ideally suited for capturing the 3D shape of objects right in their natural environment. However, elaborate manual post processing was usually necessary to build a complete 3D model from several overlapping scans (multiple views), or expensive or complex additional hardware (like trackers etc.) was needed. On the contrary, the NavOScan project[1] aims at fully automatic multi-view 3D scan assembly through a Navigation Unit attached to the scanner. This light weight device combines an optical tracking system with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for robust relative scanner position estimation. The IMU provides robustness against swift scanner movements during view changes, while the wide angle, high dynamic range (HDR) optical tracker focused on the measurement object and its background ensures accurate sensor position estimations. The underlying software framework, partly implemented in hardware (FPGA) for performance reasons, fusions both data streams in real time and estimates the navigation unit’s current pose. Using this pose to calculate the starting solution of the Iterative Closest Point registration approach allows for automatic registration of multiple 3D scans. After finishing the individual scans required to fully acquire the object in question, the operator is readily presented with its finalized complete 3D model! The paper presents an overview over the NavOScan architecture, highlights key aspects of the registration and navigation pipeline and shows several measurement examples obtained with the Navigation Unit attached to a hand held structured-light 3D scanner.
Accumulation of diabetic rat peripheral nerve myelin by macrophages increases with the presence of advanced glycosylation endproducts. (1984)

We have previously shown that increased nonenzymatic glycosylation occurs in peripheral nervous tissue of diabetic humans and animals, primarily on the PO-protein of peripheral nerve myelin. The pathophysiologic mechanism by which this biochemical alteration leads to myelin breakdown and removal is not as yet understood. In the present study we show that advanced glycosylation end-product (AGE) adducts that form during long-term exposure of peripheral nerve myelin proteins to glucose in vitro and in vivo markedly alter the way in which myelin interacts with elicited macrophages. In this interaction, macrophages appear to specifically recognize AGEs on myelin, since AGE-BSA competes nearly as effectively as AGE-myelin, while neither unmodified BSA nor unmodified myelin compete. The failure of yeast mannan to interfere with macrophage recognition of AGE-myelin suggests that the mannose/fucose receptor does not mediate this process. Recognition of AGE-protein by macrophages is associated with endocytosis, as demonstrated by resistance of cell-associated radioactivity to removal by trypsin action, and by low temperature inhibition of ligand accumulation in the cellular fraction. 125I-labeled myelin that had been incubated in vitro with 50 mM glucose for 8 wk reached a steady state accumulation within thioglycolate-elicited macrophages that was five times greater than that of myelin incubated without glucose. Similarly, myelin isolated from rats having diabetes for 1.5-2.0 years duration had a steady state level that was 9 times greater than that of myelin from young rats, and 3.5 times greater than that of myelin from age-matched controls. In contrast, myelin isolated from rats having diabetes for 4-5 wk had the same degree of accumulation observed with myelin of age-matched normal rats. These data suggest that the amount of increased nonenzymatic glycosylation observed in the myelin of short-term diabetic rats had not yet resulted in the significant accumulation of AGE-myelin present both in vitro and in the long-term diabetic rats. The disappearance of acid-insoluble radioactivity from within the cells and the appearance of acid-soluble radioactivity released into the medium were very similar for the two groups, suggesting that the striking difference in accumulation seen between normal myelin and AGE-myelin is due primarily to increased uptake. Formation of irreversible AGE-adducts on myelin appears to promote the recognition and uptake of the modified myelin by macrophages. This interaction between AGE-myelin and macrophages may initiate or contribute to the segmental demyelination associated with diabetes and the normal aging of peripheral nerve.
Virtual Endoscopic Visualization of the Colon by Shape–Scale Signatures (2005)

We developed a new visualization method for virtual endoscopic examination of computed tomographic (CT) colonographic data by use of shape-scale analysis. The method provides each colonic structure of interest with a unique color, thereby facilitating rapid diagnosis of the colon. Two shape features, called the local shape index and curvedness, are used for defining the shape-scale spectrum. When we map the shape index and curvedness values within CT colonographic data to the shape-scale spectrum, specific types of colonic structures are represented by unique characteristic signatures in the spectrum. The characteristic signatures of specific types of lesions can be determined by use of computer-simulated lesions or by use of clinical data sets subjected to a computerized detection scheme. The signatures are used for defining a two-dimensional color map by assignment of a unique color to each signature region. The method was evaluated visually by use of computer-simulated lesions and clinical CT colonographic data sets, as well as by an evaluation of the human observer performance in the detection of polyps without and with the use of the color maps. The results indicate that the coloring of the colon yielded by the shape-scale color maps can be used for differentiating among the chosen colonic structures. Moreover, the results indicate that the use of the shape-scale color maps can improve the performance of radiologists in the detection of polyps in CT colonography.
The miaA Mutator Phenotype of Escherichia coli K-12 Requires Recombination Functions (2001)

miaA mutants, which contain A-37 instead of the ms(2)i(6)A-37 hypermodification in their tRNA, show a moderate mutator phenotype leading to increased GC-->TA transversion. We show that the miaA mutator phenotype is dependent on recombination functions similar to, but not exactly the same as, those required for translation stress-induced mutagenesis.
Design of Compatible Optics for Solid-Immersion-Lens-Based Near-Field Recording System and Blu-ray Disc Using Relay Lens (2009)

We designed compatible optics for a solid-immersion-lens (SIL)-based near-field recording (NFR) system and a Blu-ray disc (BD). The working distance, numerical aperture (NA), and cover layer thickness of the SIL-based NFR system differ from those of BD. Therefore, for the compatibility of a cover layer incident type NFR system of whose NA is 1.46 and BD, we use a relay lens that is composed of two low-NA lenses. The optical tolerances such as decenter, tilt, and SIL thickness tolerances are considered to ensure manufacturability. The decenter and tilt tolerances of each optical component are greater than 1.0 µm and 0.1°, respectively. The tolerance of the SIL thickness range is 14 µm at the criterion of the wavefront aberration of 0.035 λrms. We design the optical layout and simulate each focus error signal of BD and the SIL-based NFR system. From the practical design results, we confirm that the SIL-based NFR system can be compatible to BD with a simple relay lens.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica Gel Promotes Reductions of Aldehydes and Ketones by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes. (2012)

Abstract One, two, or all three of the boron hydrides of carbene borane NHC and its dimethyl analogue can be transferred to the aldehydes and ketones to give primary and secondary alcohols under ambient conditions and in the presence of SiO 2 , which is crucial for the rapid reduction.
Mutperiod: Analysis of periodic mutation rates in nucleosomes (2021)

Nucleosomes modulate DNA damage and repair, resulting in periodic mutation rates in nucleosomal DNA. Previous research has characterized these patterns in many sequenced tumor genomes; however, computational tools to identify and quantify these periodicities have not been developed for the broader scientific community. Here, we describe mutperiod, a Python and R based toolset that quantifies nucleosome mutational periodicities and compares them across different genetic and cellular backgrounds. We use mutperiod to demonstrate that DNA mismatch repair contributes to the nucleosome mutational periodicity observed in esophageal adenocarcinomas, and that the strength of this mutational periodicity varies in different chromatin states.
Loss of Rad51c Leads to Embryonic Lethality and Modulation of Trp53 -Dependent Tumorigenesis in Mice (2009)

RecA/Rad51 protein family members (Rad51, Rad51b, Rad51c, Rad51d, Xrcc2, and Xrcc3) are essential for DNA repair by homologous recombination, and their role in cancers has been anticipated. Here we provide the first direct evidence for a tumor suppressor function for a member of the Rad51 family. We show that Rad51c deficiency leads to early embryonic lethality, which can be delayed on a Trp53-null background. To uncover the role of Rad51c in tumorigenesis, we have exploited the fact that Rad51c and Trp53 are both closely located on the mouse chromosome 11. We have generated double heterozygous (DH) mice carrying mutant alleles of both genes either on different (DH-trans) or on the same chromosome (DH-cis), the latter allowing for a deletion of wild-type alleles of both genes by loss of heterozygosity. DH-trans mice, in contrast to DH-cis, developed tumors with latency and spectrum similar to Trp53 heterozygous mice. Strikingly, Rad51c mutation in DH-cis mice promoted the development of tumors of specialized sebaceous glands and suppressed tumors characteristic of Trp53 mutation. In addition, DH-cis females developed tumors significantly earlier than any other group.
Out-Group Threat Responses, In-Group Bias, and Nonapeptide Involvement Are Conserved across Vertebrates: (A Comment on Bruintjes et al., “Out-Group Threat Promotes Within-Group Affiliation in a Cooperative Fish”) (2017)

The challenges and threats posed by out-groups have major effects on human social behavior and how individuals interact with one another. We briefly review evidence here that out-group threat similarly affects nonhuman animal behavior. Actual and potential threats posed by out-group individuals (unfamiliar and genetically nonrelated individuals of the same species) affect social behavior promoting "out-group" avoidance and "in-group" bias and enhancing in-group (familiar and/or genetically related individuals) affiliation and interactions. Individuals from out-groups present risks of pathogen exposure as well as being threats to resources, territory, and offspring. All of these threats function to promote in-group bias in humans and nonhumans. There are also striking similarities in the underlying neurobiological mechanisms mediating the responses to out-group threat and the expression of in-group bias. In particular, the evolutionarily conserved, hormone-regulated nonapeptide systems (oxytocin, arginine-vasopressin, and homologous neuropeptides and their receptors) are involved in the mediation of the detection and avoidance of out-groups and response to in-groups and facilitation of in-group responses across multiple vertebrate species. Consequently, comparative investigations of both the behavioral expression of and the mechanism underlying out-group avoidance and in-group bias are necessary for a full understanding of the evolution of social behavior and responses to in- and out-groups.
Data Movement in Kernelized Systems (1992)

This paper considers how two kernelized systems, Mach 3.0 with the BSD4.3 Single Server and CHORUS/MiX V.4, move data to and from files under a variety of circumstances. We give an overview of the kernel abstractions and system servers and describe in detail the read() and write() paths of these two systems. We then break down their read() and write() performance and compare them to two monolithic systems, Mach 2.6 MSD(BSD4.3) and System V R4.0. We then describe the compromises each of the two kernelized systems made in order to achieve a goal of performance comparable to the monolithic systems. We conclude with a description of what techniques each system uses that could benefit both each other and traditional monolithic systems. 1.
TRIM4 interacts with TRPM8 and regulates its channel function through K423‐mediated ubiquitination (2020)

Transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 (TRPM8), a Ca<sup>2+</sup> -permeable nonselective cation channel activated by cold and cooling agents, mediates allodynia. Dysfunction or abnormal expression of TRPM8 has been found in several human cancers. The role of ubiquitination in the regulation of TRPM8 function remains poorly understood. Here, we identified the ubiquitin (Ub)-ligase E3, tripartite motif-containing 4 (TRIM4), as a novel interaction partner of TRPM8 and confirmed that the TRIM4-TRPM8 interaction was mediated through the SPRY domain of TRIM4. Patch-clamp assays showed that TRIM4 negatively regulates TRPM8-mediated currents in HEK293 cells. Moreover, TRIM4 reduced the expression of TRPM8 on the cell surface by promoting the K63-linked ubiquitination of TRPM8. Further analyses revealed that the TRPM8 N-terminal lysine residue at 423 was the major ubiquitination site that mediates its functional regulation by TRIM4. A Ub-activating enzyme E1, Ub-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 (UBA1), was also found to interact with TRPM8, thereby regulating its channel function and ubiquitination. In addition, knockdown of UBA1 impaired the regulation of TRPM8 ubiquitination and function by TRIM4. Thus, this study demonstrates that TRIM4 downregulates TRPM8 via K423-mediated TRPM8 ubiquitination and requires UBA1 to regulate TRPM8.