gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Programmable Switching Power Supply (2010)

This system designs a high efficient, low ripple switching power supply. It uses single-ended DC-DC forward converter, and the output range is controlled by regulating the pulse width of the PWM controller UC3844. The control part is called double closed-loop control circuit, composed by voltage feedback loop and current feedback loop. It can stable the output voltage, reduce voltage regulation and load regulation. AVR single chip Mega128L is the core processor of the display part which part has the role of collecting the output voltage, using I2C bus interface keyboard, display the measurement of the voltage and the current, and it also designed to protect overcurrent which is used to enhance the reliability of the system.
Digital image envelope: method and evaluation (2003)

Health data security, characterized in terms of data privacy, authenticity, and integrity, is a vital issue when digital images and other patient information are transmitted through public networks in telehealth applications such as teleradiology. Mandates for ensuring health data security have been extensively discussed (for example The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, HIPAA) and health informatics guidelines (such as the DICOM standard) are beginning to focus on issues of data continue to be published by organizing bodies in healthcare; however, there has not been a systematic method developed to ensure data security in medical imaging Because data privacy and authenticity are often managed primarily with firewall and password protection, we have focused our research and development on data integrity. We have developed a systematic method of ensuring medical image data integrity across public networks using the concept of the digital envelope. When a medical image is generated regardless of the modality, three processes are performed: the image signature is obtained, the DICOM image header is encrypted, and a digital envelope is formed by combining the signature and the encrypted header. The envelope is encrypted and embedded in the original image. This assures the security of both the image and the patient ID. The embedded image is encrypted again and transmitted across the network. The reverse process is performed at the receiving site. The result is two digital signatures, one from the original image before transmission, and second from the image after transmission. If the signatures are identical, there has been no alteration of the image. This paper concentrates in the method and evaluation of the digital image envelope.
Protein Reagent Modification of Cholera Toxin: Characterization of Effects on Antigenic, Receptor-binding and Toxic Properties (1975)

The effects of protein modification procedures on the biologically most important properties of cholera toxin, i.e. the toxic activity, the GM1 receptor-binding capacity and the antigenic (antibody-fixing) properties, have been studied quantitatively using microgram amounts or less of toxin protein. Most of the 24 group-specific reagents used had either no inhibitory effect on the toxic or the combination of GM1-binding and antibody-fixing properties of cholera toxin, or they had a concomitant inhibitory effect on these activities. Separate testing of GM1- and antibody-binding revealed a close, but not absolute, structural association between these properties, Amino group reactive substances were particularly effective in decreasing the GM1-binding activity, while leucine aminopeptidase had no effect. This suggests that lysine residues may be involved in binding toxin to the acidic GM1 receptor. Sodium dodecylsulphate and mercaptoethanol, which caused dissociation of the subunits of cholera toxin as indicated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, abolished toxicity without inhibiting the concomitant GM1- and antibody-binding properties of the toxin. Similar differential effects were also obtained with three reagents which did not seem to change the aggregation state of the toxin. These substances all had specificity for arginine, suggesting that arginyl residues of the toxin molecule may be involved in a 'toxic site' distinct from the receptor-binding site(s). A selective effect on the toxic site was also found by treating the toxin with carboxypeptidase or trypsin in the presence of urea; in the absence of urea no enzymic effect on any toxin property was noted.
AccuRA: Accurate alignment of short reads on scalable reconfigurable accelerators (2016)

Classified as a big data problem, Short Read Mapping (SRM) within the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) pipeline presents profound technical and computing challenges. Existing solutions handle the high volume of data leveraging heuristics, to claim notable performance standards. The results from SRM leave a huge impact across fields, including medical diagnostics and drug discovery. In this context, we need precise, affordable, reliable and actionable results from SRM, to support any application, with uncompromised accuracy and performance. Here, we present AccuRA, a massively parallel, scalable, high performance reconfigurable accelerator for accurate alignment of short reads. Supplemented with multithreaded firmware architecture, AccuRA precisely aligns short reads, at a fine-grained single nucleotide resolution, and offers full coverage of the genome. AccuRA's parallel dynamic programming kernels seamlessly perform traceback process in hardware simultaneously along with forward scan, thus achieving SRM in the minimum possible and deterministic time. The AccuRA prototype, hosting eight kernel units on a single reconfigurable device, aligns short reads with an alignment performance of 20.48 Giga Cell Updates Per Second (GCUPs). AccuRA also scales well at multiple levels of design granularity, while successfully aligning genomes of various sizes, ranging from small archeal, bacterial, fungal genomes, to the large mammalian human genome.
Comparative Immunogenicity in Rabbits of the Polypeptides Encoded by the 5′ Terminus of Hepatitis C Virus RNA (2015)

Recent studies on the primate protection from HCV infection stressed the importance of immune response against structural viral proteins. Strong immune response against nucleocapsid (core) protein was difficult to achieve, requesting further experimentation in large animals. Here, we analyzed the immunogenicity of core aa 1-173, 1-152, and 147-191 and of its main alternative reading frame product F-protein in rabbits. Core aa 147-191 was synthesized; other polypeptides were obtained by expression in E. coli. Rabbits were immunized by polypeptide primes followed by multiple boosts and screened for specific anti-protein and anti-peptide antibodies. Antibody titers to core aa 147-191 reached 10(5); core aa 1-152, 5 × 10(5); core aa 1-173 and F-protein, 10(6). Strong immunogenicity of the last two proteins indicated that they may compete for the induction of immune response. The C-terminally truncated core was also weakly immunogenic on the T-cell level. To enhance core-specific cellular response, we immunized rabbits with the core aa 1-152 gene forbidding F-protein formation. Repeated DNA immunization induced a weak antibody and sustained proliferative response of broad specificity confirming a gain of cellular immunogenicity. Epitopes recognized in rabbits overlapped those in HCV infection. Our data promotes the use of rabbits for the immunogenicity tests of prototype HCV vaccines.
Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis (1979)

The causes of rhinitis are many. Allergic rhinitis is mediated by IgE, and immunotherapy in selected patients is very effective. Immunoglobulins do not seem to play a role in nonallergic rhinitis, and immunotherapy is ineffective. Correct diagnosis spares the patient needless expense, inconvenience, and eventual disappointment.
Direct Synthesis of n-Butanol from Ethanol over Nonstoichiometric Hydroxyapatite (2006)

n-Butanol is an important industrial chemical usually produced by the oxo process, an expensive, energy-consuming set of reactions over metal catalysts, using petrochemical raw materials at high pressure. We developed nonstoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HAP), a highly active calcium phosphate compound and found it catalyzed selective conversion of ethanol to n-butanol in a single reaction at atmospheric pressure and low temperature, with maximum selectivity of 76%. Higher alcohols were also formed. We postulate that ethanol is adsorbed and activated on HAP as CH3CH2OH(a) and that a C−C bond was formed between β-C in the CH3CH2OH(a) and α-C in n-CnH2n+1OH to produce n-CnH2n+1CH2CH2OH. We further postulate that, by successive propagation, part of this n-CnH2n+1CH2CH2OH is then adsorbed and activated on HAP as n-CnH2n+1CH2CH2OH(a) and that C−C bond was formed between β-C in the n-CnH2n+1CHCH2OH(a) and α-C in n-alcohol to produce branched alcohols. Reaction simulation supported this hypothesis, suggesting that efficient, environmentally friendly production of n-butanol might be possible in future using bioethanol as raw material.
Study of the Possible Mechanisms Involved in the Mucosal Immune System Activation by Lactic Acid Bacteria (1999)

The induction of a mucosal immune response is not easy due to the development of oral tolerance, but under some conditions, bacteria can activate this immune system. Antigens administered orally can interact with M cells of Peyer's patches or bind to the epithelial cells. We have demonstrated that certain lactic acid bacteria are able to induce specific secretory immunity, and others will enhance the gut inflammatory immune response. The aim of this work was to establish the reason for these different behaviors and to define possible mechanisms involved in the interaction of lactic acid bacteria at the intestinal level. We studied IgA+ and IgM+ B cells comparatively in bronchus and intestine and CD4+ T cells and IgA anti-lactic acid bacteria antibodies in the intestinal fluid, induced by oral administration of Lactobacillus casei, Lb. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lb. acidophilus, Lb. plantarum, Lb. rhamnosus, Lactococcus lactis, and Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus. The increase in the IgA+ B cells in the bronchus means that these lactic acid bacteria were able to induce the IgA cycle by interaction with M cells from Peyer's patches or intestinal epithelial cells. The IgM+ cells increased when the stimulus did not induce the switch from IgM+ to IgA+. The increase in the CD4+ cells suggests interaction of Peyer's patches and enhancement of the B- and T-cell migration. The anti-lactic acid bacteria antibody is related to the processing and presentation of the microorganisms to the immune cells. We demonstrated that Lb. casei and Lb. plantarum were able to interact with Peyer's patch cells and showed an increase in IgA-, CD4+ cells, and antibodies specific for the stimulating strain. Lactobacillus acidophilus induced gut mucosal activation by interaction with the epithelial cells without increase in the immune cells associated with the bronchus. Although Lb. rhamnosus and Strep. salivarius ssp. thermophilus interact with epithelial cells, they also induced an immune response against their epitopes. Lactococcus lactis and Lb. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus induced an increase of IgA+ cells entering the IgA cycle but not CD4+ cells; thus, these bacteria would have been bound to epithelial cells that activated B lymphocytes without processing and presenting of their epitopes. We did not determine specific antibodies against Lc. lactis or Lb. bulgaricus.
Menaquinone and Iron Are Essential for Complex Colony Development in Bacillus subtilis (2013)

Cells of undomesticated species of Bacillus subtilis frequently form complex colonies during spreading on agar surfaces. Given that menaquinone is involved in another form of coordinated behavior, namely, sporulation, we looked for a possible role for menaquinone in complex colony development (CCD) in the B. subtilis strain NCIB 3610. Here we show that inhibition of menaquinone biosynthesis in B. subtilis indeed abolished its ability to develop complex colonies. Additionally some mutations of B. subtilis which confer defective CCD could be suppressed by menaquinone derivatives. Several such mutants mapped to the dhb operon encoding the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of the iron siderophore, bacillibactin. Our results demonstrate that both menaquinone and iron are essential for CCD in B. subtilis.
Characterizing Attackers and Attacks: An Empirical Study (2011)

This paper describes an empirical research study to characterize attackers and attacks against targets of opportunity. A honey net infrastructure was built and deployed over 167 days that leveraged three different honey pot configurations and a SSH-based authentication proxy to attract and follow attackers over several weeks. A total of 211 attack sessions were recorded and evidence was collected at each stage of the attack sequence: from discovery to intrusion and exploitation of rogue software. This study makes two important contributions: 1) we introduce a new approach to measure attacker skills, and 2) we leverage keystroke profile analysis to differentiate attackers beyond their IP address of origin.
Conditions for plasmoid penetration across abrupt magnetic barriers (2004)

The penetration of plasma clouds, or plasmoids, across abrupt magnetic barriers (of the scale less than a few ion gyro radii, using the plasmoid directed velocity) is studied. The insight gained earlier, from detailed experimental and computer simulation investigations of a case study, is generalized into other parameter regimes. It is concluded for what parameters a plasmoid should be expected to penetrate the magnetic barrier through self-polarization, penetrate through magnetic expulsion, or be rejected from the barrier. The scaling parameters are ne, v0, B⊥, mi, Ti, and the width w of the plasmoid. The scaling is based on a model for strongly driven, nonlinear magnetic field diffusion into a plasma which is a generalization of the earlier laboratory findings. The results are applied to experiments earlier reported in the literature, and also to the proposed application of impulsive penetration of plasmoids from the solar wind into the Earth’s magnetosphere.
A new antioxidant beverage produced with green tea and apple (2014)

Green tea and apple are natural products with health benefits. These healthy properties are linked closely to the antioxidant compounds, mainly phenolic compounds. These antioxidant compounds have a potential for preventing and treating cancer, cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases in humans. The aim of the present work was to design a new beverage with high antioxidant power combining extracts of green tea and apple, studying the antioxidant composition and activity, organoleptic properties (colour) and stability status during storage at different temperatures. The majority compounds identified in the beverage were flavan-3-ols, being the (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate which had the highest concentration. After storage, floridzine was the compound with lower decrease of concentration. The new designed beverage had a good colour, and high antioxidant activity and stability at room temperature, so that the beverage needs no refrigeration, showing potential for the development of new healthy functional beverages.
Microfluidic co‐culture devices to assess penetration of nanoparticles into cancer cell mass (2017)

In vitro and in vivo assessment of safety and efficacy are the essential first steps in developing nanoparticle-based therapeutic systems. However, it is often challenging to use the knowledge gained from in vitro studies to predict the outcome of in vivo studies since the complexity of the in vivo environment, including the existence of flow and a multicellular environment, is often lacking in traditional in vitro models. Here, we describe a microfluidic co-culture model comprising 4T1 breast cancer cells and EA.hy926 endothelial cells under physiological flow conditions and its utilization to assess the penetration of therapeutic nanoparticles from the vascular compartment into a cancerous cell mass. Camptothecin nanocrystals (∼310 nm in length), surface-functionalized with PEG or folic acid, were used as a test nanocarrier. Camptothecin nanocrystals exhibited only superficial penetration into the cancerous cell mass under fluidic conditions, but exhibited cytotoxicity throughout the cancerous cell mass. This likely suggests that superficially penetrated nanocrystals dissolve at the periphery and lead to diffusion of molecular camptothecin deep into the cancerous cell mass. The results indicate the potential of microfluidic co-culture devices to assess nanoparticle-cancerous cell interactions, which are otherwise difficult to study using standard in vitro cultures.
Characterization of a cell line, NKL, derived from an aggressive human natural killer cell leukemia. (1996)

Cell line NKL was established from the the peripheral blood of a patient with CD3-CD16+CD56+ large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia. The neoplastic LGL of this patient mediated natural killing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and exhibited proliferative responses similar to normal CD16+CD56dim natural killer (NK) cells. The Morphology of NKL cells resembles that of normal activated NK cells. The karyotype of NKL is 47, XY, add (1) (q42), +6 del (6) (q15 q23), del (17) (p11). NKL cells express CD2, CD6, CD11a, CD26, CD27, CD29, CD38, CD43, CD58, CD81, CD94, CD95, class II MHC, and the C1.7.1 antigen, but do not express detectable levels of CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD28, alpha/beta or gamma/delta T cell receptors on the cell surface. The density of the CD16, CD56, and CD57 antigens declined markedly on NKL cells during prolonged im vitro culture. Nevertheless, NKL cells can mediate ADCC as well as natural killing. NKL cells are strictly dependent on interleukin-2 (IL-2) for sustained growth and die if deprived of IL-2 for more than 7 days. NKL cells proliferate in response to concentrations of IL-2 as low as 1 pM, but an optimal proliferative response requires approximately 100 pM IL-2. NKL cells growing in the presence of IL-2 express abundant IL-2R alpha with little or no detectable IL-2 beta or gamma chain on the cell surface; NKL cells deprived of IL-2 express high levels of both IL-2R alpha and beta. IL-4, IL-7, and IL-12, unlike IL-2, do not maintain the viability of NKL cells. Furthermore, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma do not support the growth of NKL cells. The NKL cell line may prove useful for studies of human NK cell biology.
Tracheobronchial stenting and central airway replacement (2007)

Airway stenting provides efficient palliation of symptoms in patients with malignant central airway obstruction. Evidence-based studies are needed to identify patients who may have the greatest benefit from stenting. Tracheal replacement with allogenic aortic allografts is a novel technique which brings hope to the management of extensive tracheal lesions.
Walking While Dialyzing: A Retrospective Observation of Early Mobility and Ambulation for Patients on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (2020)

Ambulation while on continuous renal replacement therapy was not associated with an increased risk of safety events and was feasible with the use of nonfemoral catheters and dialysis equipment with internal batteries.
Coupling Impact Between a Radial Antenna and Guided Modes on Twisted-Pair Systems Operating in Millimeter-Wave (2021)

Recent research points out that transmission at terabits per second (Tbps) is feasible over copper cables if they were used as millimeter waveguides. The challenge is how to efficiently couple signals to the higher-order modes of twisted-pairs. This paper investigates the effectiveness of radial antennas on the coupling of near-terahertz signals to twisted-pairs. For that, the scattering parameter of the proposed antenna and the intensity of the electric field around the pairs are evaluated from numerical simulations. We also present the attenuation coefficients of four guided modes in a twisted-pair with typical constructive parameters and evaluate aggregate data rate results through Shannon's capacity. The results indicate the coupling efficiency may reach up to 71.62%, yielding an aggregate data rate over copper cables up to 0.17 Tbps at 10 m.
Analysis of Repeated Measures. (1991)

Part 1 Introduction: Background and objectives overview. Part 2 Some simple analyses: comparisons at individual times response feature analysis individual curve fitting. Part 3 Univariate analysis of variance: the fundamental model Anova calculation of expected mean-squares expected mean-squares by synthesis contrasts, compound symmetry and F-tests relaxing assumptions - univariate, modified univariate or multivariate tests? Part 4 Multivariate analysis: models without special covariance structure hotellings testing for polynomial trends Manova. Part 5 Regression models: special case general case structured covariance case some covariance structures. Part 6 Two-stage linear models: random regression coefficients estimation and testing particular aspects examples. Part 7 Crossover experiments: simple 2x2 designs a Bayesian approach to 2x2 designs more complex crossover designs for two treatments crossover trials with a binary response. Part 8 Categorical data: Markov chain models log-linear models linear model methods for group and time comparisons randomization test approaches some special cases. Part 9 Some further topics: some practical matters antedependence tracking nonlinear growth curves non-normal observations. Part 10 Computer software and examples: repeated measure facilities in BMDP, SPSS and SAS example 1 - BMDP program 2V example 2 - BMDP program 2V example 3 - BMDP program 2V example 4 - SPSS program MANOVA example 5 - SPSS program MANOVA.