gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptable Markov models in industrial planning (2005)

A significant number of scientific and economic problems is characterised by a large number of interrelated variables. But with larger variable number, the domain under consideration may grow fast, so that analyses and reasoning become increasingly difficult. Graphical models allow to represent the combined distributions compactly and are suitable for dealing with uncertain and incomplete information. We describe their application to a problem of industrial planning. We also demonstrate how the iterative planning process can be supported by allowing the users to adapt the model using revision and updating operators. Moreover we discuss the problem of inconsistent inputs.
Low-Pass Filters to Suppress Inertial and Tidal Frequencies (1983)

A systematic way is given to design digital filters which allow clear separation of signals with periods of a few days from noise of higher frequency, particularly tidal and inertial. Several examples are given which pass little high-frequency power and none at the principal tidal frequencies. The Lanczos–cosine filter passes too much energy near diurnal frequencies; the Godin filter is better but not optimal. A longer filter is recommended, with flat low-frequency response, a sharp cut-off and very low noise. For current meter records containing inertial motions, it appears desirable to design a filter which specifically suppresses the local inertial frequency.
Statins and myotoxicity: a therapeutic limitation (2006)

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors represent the most successful class of drugs for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia and dyslipidaemia implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. However, the popular profile of statins in terms of efficacy has been maligned by its adverse events. The myotoxicity, ranging from mild myopathy to serious rhabdomyolysis, associated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, during treatment of hypercholesterolaemia is of paramount importance. Rhabdomyolysis is a rare but idiosyncratic muscle wasting disorder of different etiologies. Statin-associated rhabdomyolysis causes skeletal muscle injury by self-perpetuating events leading to fatal irreversible renal damage through a series of biochemical reactions. Preferential distribution and action of statins in liver could be the key to minimise myotoxicity concerns. Hepato-specific distribution of statins is governed by various factors such as physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic properties and selective transporter-mediated uptake in liver rather in extrahepatic cells. The interactions of statins with concomitant drugs of different classes merit attention for their safety profile. Although pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamic interactions have been implicated in pathophysiology of statin-induced muscle wasting, the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. Besides, pharmacokinetic and phramcodynamic factors, statin-associated myotoxcity may also implicate pharmacogenomic factors. The pharmacogenomics characterised by CYP polymorphism and other genetic factors is responsible for inter-individual variations to efficacy and tolerability of statins. The pathophysiological mechanisms may include statin-induced differences in cholesterol:phospholipid ratio, isoprenoid levels, small GTP binding proteins and apoptosis. However, the present understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, does not offer a reliable approach to address the same at preclinical level. Although statin-associated myotoxicity affects compliance, quality of life of patient and discontinuation rate, yet the low incidence of myotoxicty including rhabdomyolysis and less severity of commonly occurring myopathy and myalgia do not raise doubts about the clinical efficacy and tolerability of statins. Medical management of myotoxicity seems to be pivotal for the proper compliance of patients with statin treatment. The appropriate and judicious use of drugs would substantially reduce the likelihood of developing clinically important myopathy.
Microcomputer-controlled electrochemical system (1985)

A PET computer is used to control an electrochemical system incorporating a three−electrode potentiostat.
Laser-based volumetric flow visualization by digital color imaging of a spectrally coded volume (2008)

We present the framework for volumetric laser-based flow visualization instrumentation using a spectrally coded volume to achieve three-component three-dimensional particle velocimetry. By delivering light from a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser with an optical fiber, we exploit stimulated Raman scattering within the fiber to generate a continuum spanning the visible spectrum from 500 to 850 nm. We shape and disperse the continuum light to illuminate a measurement volume of 20 x 10 x 4 mm(3), in which light sheets of differing spectral properties overlap to form an unambiguous color variation along the depth direction. Using a digital color camera we obtain images of particle fields in this volume. We extract the full spatial distribution of particles with depth inferred from particle color. This paper provides a proof of principle of this instrument, examining the spatial distribution of a static field and a spray field of water droplets ejected by the nozzle of an airbrush.
Reactive Species and Antioxidants. Redox Biology Is a Fundamental Theme of Aerobic Life (2006)

10.1104/pp.106.077073
Comparison of serum protein electrophoresis by agarose gel and capillary zone electrophoresis in a clinical setting (1997)

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) offers the potential for automating serum protein electrophoretic analysis traditionally performed on standard thin-layer agarose gels. The following describes the use of CZE compared to agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) for the detection of dysproteinemia and paraproteinemia in a clinical study involving 240 patients. The study includes within-run and between-run reproducibility data on the Paragon CZE 2000 Clinical Capillary Electrophoresis System, in addition to concordance data between the two methodologies. Paraprotein quantitation studies comparing AGE versus CZE were also performed. Reproducibility for the automated CZE system was superior to the AGE system. Improved reproducibility for the CZE method is largely due to measuring protein absorbance directly at 214 nm versus the traditional AGE method that measures the amount of dye adsorbed to protein. Reproducibility data as percent coefficient of variance (% CV) for the five classic bands in a normal control serum for between-run precision ranged from 1.2 to 4.5% for CZE compared to AGE, which ranged from 3.8 to 8.0% CV. Concordance studies between AGE and CZE involving dysproteinemias including hypogammaglobulinemia, polyclonal and monoclonal gammopathies, acute and chronic inflammation, nephrosis, hepatodegenerative disease, cirrhosis, and iron deficiency anemia showed 96% agreement. Paraprotein classification, which compared the CZE immunosubtraction method to immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) on agarose, showed 100% agreement. Certain dysproteinemias involving beta lipoprotein were in partial concordance due to the inability of the CZE procedure to detect this component. Detection limits for monoclonal gammopathies, providing they were not comigrating with other proteins, were IgG 50 mg/dL, IgM 75 mg/dL, and IgA 75 mg/dL. Paraprotein quantitative studies between the two methods showed less than a +/- 0.2 g/dL variation.
Feasibility of constrained generalized predictive control within invariant sets framework (2005)

Feasibility issues of Generalized Predictive Control structures are analysed in case of constraints on the input, output or other auxiliary variables with linear dependence on the system variables. The constraints are formulated as sets of linear equality or inequality relations on the input variables that will represent the optimisation domain for a quadratic cost function. Looking as the main goal at the prediction of the feasibility of this optimisation problem, sufficient conditions are presented in this direction. The main contribution is the description of the optimisation domain as an invariant set with respect to the predictive control law dynamics. The main advantage is that all the results are based on off-line calculations offering qualitative information prior to the effective implementation.
Fracture resistance of 3D nano-architected lattice materials (2022)

Exploiting small scale material effects and structural topology, nano-architected lattices represent a recent novel class of mechanical metamaterials, which exhibit unprecedented combination of mechanical properties. Together with scarce resistance to fracture and catastrophic failure, understanding of the fracture characteristics and properties of 3D nano-architected lattices still represents a limiting factor for the design and realization of future engineering applications. Here, using a combination of in-situ tensile fracture experiments and finite element simulations, we first show the possibility to reach stable crack growth in nano-architected materials harnessing only the intrinsic plastic toughening mechanism. Exploring the effect of lattice topology on the fracture properties, we then demonstrate similar performance between the octet and 3D kagome architecture (along one direction). Based on the experimental and numerical results, a power-scaling law of normalized crack initiation toughness with relative density ρ¯ (i.e., fraction of material per unit volume) KIC/σyL∝ρ¯1.11, ρ¯1.17−1.27 is exhibited by the octet and 3D kagome topology, respectively, given the yield strength σy and the unit cell size L. Owing to the combination of the parent material’s size effect and plasticity (3D-printed photo-resist polymer), the fracture initiation toughness (considering σy=27MPa) of our octet nano-architected lattices is ∼ 8 times that of previously realized macroscopic octet titanium structures. After crack initiation, the two architectures manifest rising (in average ∼ 18%) fracture resistance curves (i.e., R-curves), without catastrophic failure. In addition, we find that the fracture toughness of architected lattices, measured by means of compact tension specimens, seems not to be dependent on the sample’s thickness, forcing to re-think the plain strain toughness definition for this class of materials. Our results uncover the basic fracture characteristics of 3D architected materials exhibiting stable crack growth, providing insights for the design of light-weight, tough materials, with implications for future macro-scaled structural applications.
Dicarba‐closo‐dodecaboranes with One and Two Ethynyl Groups Bonded to Boron (2010)

Abstract The diethynyldicarba‐ closo ‐dodecaboranes 1,2‐R 2 ‐9,12‐(HCC) 2 ‐ closo ‐1,2‐C 2 B 10 H 8 [R = H ( 1a ), Me ( 2a )] and 9,10‐(HCC) 2 ‐ closo ‐1,7‐C 2 B 10 H 10 ( 3a ) were obtained by Pd‐catalyzed Kumada‐type cross‐coupling reactions of the corresponding diiodinated dicarba‐ closo ‐dodecaboranes withMe 3 SiCCMgBr followed by desilylation of the trimethylsilylalkynyl‐substituted clusters. In addition, the related { closo ‐C 2 B 10 } derivatives with one ethynyl group 1,2‐R‐9‐HCC‐ closo ‐1,2‐C 2 B 10 H 9 [R = H ( 4a ), Me ( 5a )], 9‐HCC‐ closo ‐1,7‐C 2 B 10 H 11 ( 6a ), and 2‐HCC‐ closo ‐1,12‐C 2 B 10 H 11 ( 7a ) were synthesized and their spectroscopic properties were compared to those of the diethynyl‐substituted { closo ‐C 2 B 10 } clusters. The ethynyl‐ and trimethylsilylalkynyl‐functionalized dicarba‐ closo ‐dodecaboranes were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, as well as by multinuclear NMR, IR, and Raman spectroscopy. The assignment of the NMR spectroscopic chemical shifts and the IR and Raman bands is supported by theoretical values derived from density functional calculations. The crystal structures of 9,12‐(HCC) 2 ‐ closo ‐1,2‐C 2 B 10 H 10 ( 1a ), 9,10‐(HCC) 2 ‐ closo ‐1,7‐C 2 B 10 H 10 ( 3a ), and 1,2‐Me‐9,12‐(Me 3 SiCC) 2 ‐ closo ‐1,2‐C 2 B 10 H 8 ( 2b ) were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Selected experimental bond properties are compared to bond lengths and angles calculated at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory.
Effects of colchicine on endocytosis and cellular inactivation of horseradish peroxidase in cultured chondrocytes. (1979)

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used as a marker to study the effects of microtubule-disruptive drugs on uptake and cellular inactivation of exogenous material in cultures of embryonic chick chondrocytes. HRP was ingested by fluid endocytosis, and intracellular enzyme activity subsequently diminished exponentially with time. Cytochemically, reaction product for HRP was found in vesicles often located close to the dictyosomes of the Golgi complex. Colchicine and vinblastine caused disappearance of cytoplasmic microtubules and disorganization of the Golgi complex with concomitant reduction in the cellular uptake of HRP to about half of that in the controls. Lumicolchicine, on the other hand, left cell fine structure and HRP uptake unaffected. These results indicate that microtubules are of considerable importance in the process of fluid endocytosis in cultured chondrocytes although the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. The rate of intracellular inactivation of ingested HRP was not affected by colchicine or vinblastine. Double-labeling experiments with colloidal thorium dioxide and HRP likewise indicated that fusion of endocytic vesicles and lysosomes is not dependent on intact microtubules. The total specific activities of the three lysosomal enzymes examined were weakly or not at all changed by treatment of the cultures with colchicine or vinblastine. It therefore seems unlikely that microtubular organization plays an important role in the production or degradation of lysosomal enzymes in cultured chondrocytes.
Multi-Person Pose Estimation using an Orientation and Occlusion Aware Deep Learning Network (2020)

Image based human behavior and activity understanding has been a hot topic in the field of computer vision and multimedia. As an important part, skeleton estimation, which is also called pose estimation, has attracted lots of interests. For pose estimation, most of the deep learning approaches mainly focus on the joint feature. However, the joint feature is not sufficient, especially when the image includes multi-person and the pose is occluded or not fully visible. This paper proposes a novel multi-task framework for the multi-person pose estimation. The proposed framework is developed based on Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) and extended to integrate the joint feature, body boundary, body orientation and occlusion condition together. In order to further improve the performance of the multi-person pose estimation, this paper proposes to organize the different information in serial multi-task models instead of the widely used parallel multi-task network. The proposed models are trained on the public dataset Common Objects in Context (COCO), which is further augmented by ground truths of body orientation and mutual-occlusion mask. Experiments demonstrate the performance of the proposed method for multi-person pose estimation and body orientation estimation. The proposed method can detect 84.6% of the Percentage of Correct Keypoints (PCK) and has an 83.7% Correct Detection Rate (CDR). Comparisons further illustrate the proposed model can reduce the over-detection compared with other methods.
A 0.27e-rms Read Noise 220-μV/e-Conversion Gain Reset-Gate-Less CMOS Image Sensor With 0.11-μm CIS Process (2015)

A low temporal read noise and high conversion gain reset-gate-less CMOS image sensor (CIS) has been developed and demonstrated for the first time at photoelectron-counting-level imaging. To achieve a high pixel conversion gain without fine or special processes, the proposed pixel has two unique structures: 1) coupling capacitance between the transfer gate and floating diffusion (FD) and 2) coupling capacitance between the reset gate and FD, for removing parasitic capacitances around the FD node. As a result, a CIS with the proposed pixels is able to achieve a high pixel conversion gain of 220 μV/e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> and a low read noise of 0.27e <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> using correlated multiple-sampling-based readout circuitry.
Le consentement au traitement des données personnelles : une perspective comparative sur l’autonomie du sujet (2014)

International audience
[Synthesis and spectroscopic investigation of Namide-ethylthyroliberin (author's transl)]. (1975)

A synthesis of Namide-ethylthroliberin is described. The structure of this analog of thyroliberin is proved by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and circular dichroism. It shows, compared to the natural hormone still considerable thyrotropin-releasing activity.
ATPG for path delay faults without path enumeration (2002)

We present a new ATPG methodology for detecting path delay faults in combinational circuits. The proposed approach is non-enumerative and generates a small number of test patterns with high fault coverage. A new ATPG framework for path delay faults is introduced; it collapses the two phases (path sensitization and line justification) of traditional ATPGs into one. The proposed framework utilizes both structural and functional techniques. A BDD-based implementation and experimentation with the ISCAS'85 benchmarks shows that the proposed method outperforms all ATPG methods that bound the test set. The results also show that the approach is comparable to existing ATPG methods that do not bound the test set.
The Ribosome as an RNA-Based Molecular Machine (2004)

The ribosome is a protein-synthesizing ribonucleoprotein particle where RNA forms its structural and functional core. Compact self-folding of ribosomal RNA resulting in its specific tertiary structure and its conformational mobility underlie the functional behavior of the ribosome. In addition to the functions of ligand recognition (binding of mRNA, tRNA and translation factors) and catalysis (peptidyltransferase activity), the ribosomal RNA with its movable blocks principally contributes to the construction of the ribosome as a molecular machine. The oscillations between open (unlocked) and closed (locked) conformations are proposed to be necessary events in the processes of aminoacyl-tRNA binding, transpeptidation and translocation. Elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-G with GTP are considered as catalysts of conformational transitions during aminoacyl-tRNA binding and translocation, and the theory of NTP-dependent conformational catalysis via conformational intermediates is discussed. Thermal fluctuations are assumed to serve as the main "motive force" to move RNA parts and ligands in the translating ribosome. The binding of functional ligands, such as aminoacyl-tRNA and an elongation factor with GTP, and the chemical reactions of transpeptidation and GTP hydrolysis play the role of a Maxwell's Demon: they rectify the random fluctuations to produce the unidirectional conveyance process and translation ("thermal ratchet" model).
Diverse Effects of Cyclic AMP Variants on Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (2012)

Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) may potentially be used in cell-based bone tissue-engineering applications to enhance the bone-forming potential of these cells. Osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation are thought to be mutually exclusive, and although several signaling pathways and cues that induce osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation, respectively, have been identified, there is no general consensus on how to optimally differentiate hMSCs into the osteogenic lineage. Some pathways have also been reported to be involved in both adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, as for example, the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, and the aim of this study was to investigate the role of cAMP/PKA signaling in differentiation of hMSCs in more detail. We show that activation of this pathway with dibutyryl-cAMP results in enhanced alkaline phosphatase expression, whereas another cAMP analog induces adipogenesis in long-term mineralization cultures. Adipogenic differentiation, induced by 8-bromo-cAMP, was accompanied by stronger PKA activity and higher expression of cAMP-responsive genes, suggesting that stronger activation correlates with adipogenic differentiation. In addition, a whole-genome expression analysis showed an increase in expression of adipogenic genes in 8-br-cAMP-treated cells. Furthermore, by means of quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we show differences in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation, either alone or in combination with dexamethasone, thus demonstrating differential effects of the PKA pathway, most likely depending on its mode of activation.
Research on error compensation method for dual-beam measurement of roll angle based on rhombic prism (Invited Paper) (2014)

The fabrication deviation of prisms and the error crosstalk are two major factors that produce serious systematic errors in dual-beam roll measurement based on a rhombic prism, and an error compensation method is put forward in this letter to reduce these systematic errors. The rotation matrix, reflection matrix, and refraction matrix are used to calculate and obtain the mathematical relationship model of the roll angle as well as the fabrication deviation of prism and error crosstalk. The fabrication deviation can be obtained through comparison experiments and using the least square method. In this way, the systematic error of the roll measurement caused by fabrication deviation of prism and error crosstalk can be eliminated theoretically. The experimental results show that the maximum error of the roll angle measurement reduces evidently to 3.5 from the previous 347.2 after compensation.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (1990)

A case of hepatocellular carcinoma is reported in which a calculated T2 value of the tumor was exceptionally long and differentiation from cavernous hemangioma based on T2 signal intensity was difficult. Pathologically, the mass consisted of dense, homogeneous acinar formation (pseudoglandular type). The T2 prolongation of the mass was probably due to abundant fluid in the acini.
The use of colloidal metal particles in protein blotting (1987)

Abstract Two procedures are described for staining the overall protein pattern on transfer membranes. Both methods involve the use of colloidal metal particles. AuroDye staining is based on the interaction of anionic colloidal gold particles with cationic proteins at low pH. The method is highly sensitive, but limited to nitrocellulose and polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. FerriDye comprises an incubation in a cationic iron (hydrous) oxide sol and subsequent intensification with potassium hexacyanoferrate in acidic medium. FerriDye is of intermediate sensitivity, but there are no limitations concerning membranes. It can be used on nitrocellulose‐, nylon‐and polyvinylidene difluoride‐based membranes. An immunodetection procedure is described which uses colloidal gold‐labelled secondary antibodies to visualize antigen‐antibody interactions. This signal can be significantly enhanced by silver. The procedure explained uses a new light‐insensitive and user‐friendly silver enhancement system.
Investigation of proteomic signatures related to gender, age and body mass index (2016)

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