gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastic properties of soft tissue-mimicking phantoms assessed by combined use of laser ultrasonics and low coherence interferometry (2011)

Advances in the field of laser ultrasonics have opened up new possibilities in medical applications. This paper evaluates this technique as a method that would allow for rapid characterization of the elastic properties of soft biological tissue. In doing so, we propose a novel approach that utilizes a low coherence interferometer to detect the laser-induced surface acoustic waves (SAW) from the tissue-mimicking phantoms. A Nd:YAG focused laser line-source is applied to one- and two-layer tissue-mimicking agar-agar phantoms, and the generated SAW signals are detected by a time domain low coherence interferometry system. SAW phase velocity dispersion curves are calculated, from which the elasticity of the specimens is evaluated. We show that the experimental results agree well with those of the theoretical expectations. This study is the first report that a laser-generated SAW phase velocity dispersion technique is applied to soft materials. This technique may open a way for laser ultrasonics to detect the mechanical properties of soft tissues, such as skin.
Time resolved temperature measurements in a H2 high power pulsed discharge (1998)

Nous nous interessons aux mecanismes de chauffage du gaz dans un plasma d'hydrogene genere par une decharge microonde a impulsions courtes (10 μs) de forte puissance (2-8 kW). Nous comparons l'evolution temporelles de la temperature rotationnelle des molecules avec celle des temperatures cinetiques des atomes et des molecules determinees par spectroscopie d'emission (elargissement Doppler). Le milieu est fortement hors equilibre thermodynamique, en particulier, au moment du claquage ou les fortes valeurs de champs electriques induisent un elargissement Stark sensible sur la raie atomique Balmer alpha. Au debut de l'impulsion, la distribution rotationelle ne suit pas une loi de Maxwell-Boltzman, mais tend vers l'equilibre au bout de 10 μs. La temperature des molecules - constituant majoritaire du gaz - croit fortement au debut de l'impulsion, de 300 a 900 K, mais reste inferieure a la temperature des atomes d'hydrogene (1800 K). Afin de rendre compte des temps caracteristiques de chauffage du gaz, nous envisageons differents mecanismes de transfert d'energie cinetique aux especes neutres.
Carbon Dioxide-Oxygen Separation: Facilitated Transport of Carbon Dioxide across a Liquid Film (1967)

An immobilized film of an aqueous bicarbonate-carbonate solution was developed which was 4100 times more permeable to carbon dioxide than to oxygen. The carbon dioxide transport was reaction-rate limited, and thus it could be increased by addition to the film of catalysts for the hydrolysis of carbon dioxide.
Identification of Molecular Determinants That Are Important in the Assembly of N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptors (2001)

To determine which domains of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor are important for the assembly of functional receptors, a number of N- and C-terminal truncations of the NR1a subunit have been produced. Truncations containing a complete ligand binding domain bound glycine antagonist and gave binding constants similar to those of the native subunit, suggesting they were folding to form antagonist binding sites. Since NR2A is not transported to the cell surface unless it is associated with NR1 (McIlhinney, R. A. J., Le Bourdellès, B., Tricuad, N., Molnar, E., Streit, P., and Whiting, P. J. (1998) Neuropharmacology 37, 1355-1367), surface expression of NR2A can be used to monitor the association of the subunits. There was progressive loss of NR2A cell surface expression as the N terminus of NR1a was shortened, with complete loss when truncated beyond residue 380. Removal of the C terminus and/or the last transmembrane domain did not affect NR2A surface expression. Similar results were obtained in co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The oligomerization status of the co-expressed NR1a constructs and NR2A subunits was investigated using a non-denaturing gel electrophoresis system (blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system also showed that the NR1a subunits could form a homodimer, which was confirmed using soluble constructs of the NR1a subunit. Together these results suggest the residues N-terminal of residue 380 are important for the association of NR2A with NR1a and that the complete N-terminal domain of the NR1a subunit is required for oligomerization with NR2A.
Predicting Hip and Major Osteoporotic Fractures Using Administrative Data (2010)

T he Fracture Risk Assessment tool (FRAX) was released in 2008 by the World Health Organization (WHO). 1 The FRAX algorithm uses bone mineral density (BMD) and 11 additional clinical and physiological risk factors to estimate a person's 10-year probability of hip and other major osteoporotic frac-ture. 2The latter is defined by the WHO as a hip, clinical vertebral, distal forearm, or humerus fracture.Ensrud et al, 3 using risk prediction models that included only age and BMD or age and fracture history, concluded that these few risk factors predicted 10-year risk of hip and other major osteoporotic fractures as well as FRAX-based models.We performed a similar evaluation using administrative claims data, which do not include information on BMD.We derived and examined several fracture risk prediction models to determine if demographics, history of fracture, and comorbidities-all identifiable within administrative claims data-could be used to predict hip fracture and major osteoporotic fractures, as well as models with additional clinical information or models de-Table.Weighted C Statistics in Predicting Hip and Major Osteoporotic Fractures a Variable Model 1 b (Demographic, Fracture History, Comorbidity) Model 2 c (Demographic
Leukocyte telomere length correlates with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy severity (2018)

Telomere length is a marker of biological aging. Short leukocyte telomere length has been associated with various conditions including cardiovascular disorders. Here, we evaluated if patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have altered leukocyte telomere length and whether this is associated with disease severity. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based method was used to measure peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length in 59 healthy control subjects and a well-characterized cohort of 88 patients diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 32 patients with non-obstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM) and 56 patients with obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). We observed shorter leukocyte telomeres in both HNCM and HOCM patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, leukocyte telomere length was inversely associated with HCM even after adjusting for age and sex. Telomere length of HOCM patients was also inversely correlated with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Therefore, HOCM patients were categorized by tertiles of telomere length. Patients in the first tertile (shortest telomeres) had a significantly increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole and higher left ventricular outflow tract gradients, whereas the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was lower compared with patients in the second and third tertile. In summary, telomere length is associated with the severity of the disease in the HOCM subtype.
Peer problems are associated with elevated serum leptin levels in children (2013)

Children with peer problems have higher stress and eat more, acquire a higher body fat mass and thus, through increased leptin resistance, exhibit higher leptin levels.
Stimulation of B cells by sequential addition of anti-immunoglobulin antibody and cytochalasin. (1986)

B cells are stimulated to initiate DNA synthesis by modest doses of anti-immunoglobulin antibody in combination with cytochalasin. The ability of these agents to stimulate B cells in a sequential fashion was evaluated. Anti-immunoglobulin prepared cells to respond to subsequently added cytochalasin, but cytochalasin did not prepare cells to respond to anti-immunoglobulin. Only brief exposure to anti-immunoglobulin was needed to activate B cells for cytochalasin responsiveness; once activated, B cells remained responsive to cytochalasin for hours. The ability of cytochalasin to supply a second signal to activated B cells suggests that the cytoskeleton may be involved in generating or transducing growth-promoting signals for B lymphocytes.
Diazepam-induced amnesia: a neuropharmacological model of an "organic amnestic syndrome" (1987)

Diazepam has well-known amnestic properties. These effects, however, are selective for certain psychobiologically distinct memory functions. In this study, incremental doses of diazepam administered to 10 normal volunteers selectively impaired anterograde episodic memory and attention while totally sparing access to information in long-term memory (semantic or knowledge memory). This pattern of disruption mimics that seen in patients with organic amnesias and is in sharp contrast to the pattern seen in patients with dementia. These findings provide a framework for defining specific psychobiological determinants of cognitive failure.
EUV mask inspection tool using high NA DUV inspection tool (2008)

A new inspection system with DUV laser beam and high NA optic for EUV mask has been developed to inspect defects on EUV blank mask and defects by process and handling. The development of new reflective image and optics has increased inspection speed on EUV mask before absorber etch and after absorber etch. Defect classification and operation has increased the productivity of inspection and particle control on EUV mask process. With this new inspection system, defects on blank mask, after resist develop and after etch processed mask were classified and evaluated to install EUV mask process. And defect sensitivities according to various pattern size and process steps were evaluated with required defect size of simulated printing effect on wafer. Designed defect pattern of 46nm node were prepared. Blank masks from Hoya were used. Patterns were exposed using 50KeV electron beam writer. After resist develop, patterns with program defect were inspected. After absorber etching, defects were inspected and evaluated. According to sub film, inspection condition was optimized. Using simulation tool, defects printability were simulated and compared with sensitivity of this inspection tool. Our results demonstrate that this inspection tool is very effective to detect and identify defects and their sources on EUV mask process. In this paper, mask inspection performance of high NA, DUV optic with short working distance was evaluated and described on programmed EUV mask.
Color Reaction between Imidazoline and 3, 5-Dinitrobenzoyl Chloride, and Determination of Naphazoline in Pharmaceuticals (1972)

Imidazoline was benzoylated with 3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride and sodium carbonate buffer by the usual Schotten-Baumann reaction to develop a deep red color. The reaction was carried out in the dark and the solution after addition of 3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride to imidazoline was immediately brought to a slightly acidic or neutral pH by which the color developed. This coloration was applied for the determination of naphazoline in pharmaceuticals and the mechanism of this reaction was also investigated.
Characterization of a Centrifugal Microfluidic Orthogonal Flow Platform (2022)

To bring to bear the power of centrifugal microfluidics on vertical flow immunoassays, control of flow orthogonally through nanoporous membranes is essential. The on-disc approach described here leverages the rapid print-cut-laminate (PCL) disc fabrication and prototyping method to create a permanent seal between disc materials and embedded nanoporous membranes. Rotational forces drive fluid flow, replacing capillary action, and complex pneumatic pumping systems. Adjacent microfluidic features form a flow path that directs fluid orthogonally (vertically) through these embedded membranes during assay execution. This method for membrane incorporation circumvents the need for solvents (e.g., acetone) to create the membrane-disc bond and sidesteps issues related to undesirable bypass flow. In other recently published work, we described an orthogonal flow (OF) platform that exploited embedded membranes for automation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Here, we more fully characterize flow patterns and cellulosic membrane behavior within the centrifugal orthogonal flow (cOF) format. Specifically, high-speed videography studies demonstrate that sample volume, membrane pore size, and ionic composition of the sample matrix significantly impact membrane behavior, and consequently fluid drainage profiles, especially when cellulosic membranes are used. Finally, prototype discs are used to demonstrate proof-of-principle for sandwich-type antigen capture and immunodetection within the cOF system.
New retrieval of BrO from SCIAMACHY limb: an estimate of the stratospheric bromine loading during April 2008 (2013)

Abstract. We present a new retrieval of stratospheric BrO (bromine monoxide) from channel 2 SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY) limb observations. Retrievals are shown to agree with independent balloon observations to within one standard deviation of the retrieval noise. We retrieve BrO profiles for all of April 2008, and apply simulated [BrO]/[Bry] (bromine monoxide : stratospheric inorganic bromine) ratios to estimate the stratospheric Bry loading. We find 23.5 ± 6 ppt Br, suggesting 7 ppt Br from short-lived bromocarbons to be at the high end of the current best estimate (3–8 ppt). The 6 ppt Br uncertainty estimate is dominated by the 21% uncertainty in the simulated [BrO] / [Bry] ratio due to propagation of errors from the underlying chemical kinetics.
Substance P - nanozeolite labeled with 224Ra and 225Ra - new potential radiobioconjugate for internal alpha therapy (2013)

The 223Ra, 224Ra and 225Ra radioisotopes exhibit very attractive nuclear properties for application in radionuclide therapy. Unfortunately the lack of appropriate bifunctional ligand for radium was the reason why these radionuclides did not find application in receptor targeted therapy. In the present work the potential usefulness of the NaA nanozeolite as a carrier for radium radionuclides has been studied. 224Ra and 225Ra, the α-particle emitting radionuclides, have been absorbed in the nanometer-sized NaA zeolite through simple ion-exchange. 224,225Ra-nanozeolites have shown very good stability in solutions containing: physiological salt, EDTA, amino acid and human serum. To make NaA nanozeolite particles dispersed in water their surface has been modified with silane coupling agent containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecules. In the next step short peptide substance P were covalently attach to the PEG-nanozeolite surface. The stability, cell affinity and cytotoxicity studies of the obtained radiobioconjugate are in progress.
Polylactide copolymers: Effect of copolymer ratio and end capping on their properties (2005)

Abstract Racemic copolymers of polylactic acid were investigated to determine the effect of copolymer ratio on melting point, degree of crystallinity, mechanical properties, and processing behavior. The copolymer ratio was found to have a strong influence on the crystallization behavior of the polymer. In addition to the ratio of the L ‐form to a random mixture of the D and L forms of the lactic acid in the copolymer, the effect of the polymer's molecular weight was examined. The copolymers were produced from the lactide form of the monomer to achieve weight average molecular weights above 100,000. The molecular weight had a profound influence on processability and rate of crystallization. Other notable factors influencing the properties and processing of the copolymers were the concentration of residual monomer in the polymer, the processing time‐temperature history, and the extent of molecular weight degradation during processing. An important factor in the commercial development of biodegradable polymers is the ability to control the rate of degradation. Ideally, the polymer should not degrade during functional use, but degrade quite rapidly when discarded. This paper discusses various aspects associated with the control of the rate of degradation of polylactide copolymers; both from the perspective of stabilizing the polymer during processing and product use, and subsequently accelerating the rate of degradation after disposal. Of particular interest are the influences of molecular weight, crystallinity, end capping, and plasticization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 24:69–82, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/adv.20032
End-user place annotation on mobile devices (2006)

Advances in Location-Based Services (LBS) are opening opportunities for using the location of people, places, and things to augment or streamline interaction. While computers work with physical locations like latitude and longitude directly, people usually think and speak in terms of places, which adds personal, environmental and social meaning to a location. To address this conceptual mismatch, location-aware applications must incorporate the notion of place to achieve their full potential. In this paper, we investigate four techniques for collecting end-user place annotations interactively using cell phones. The results from a usability study suggest that while all the four methods receive similar preference ratings in understandability, the "photo memo plus offline editing" method is the most favorite approach in ease of use. In addition, users indicated their desire to adopt more than one place annotation method in location-aware applications.
Improving the Automation of Security Information Management: A Collaborative Approach (2011)

Many preventive security measures purport to protect networks from cyber intrusions. These adopted measures can generate a large amount of information that should be stored and analyzed to enable responses to detected attacks. Security information and event managers (SIEMs) are indispensable for collecting all of a system's security-related information in a central repository. This can then provide trend analysis and lead analysts to adopt appropriate actions. A collaborative work approach lets SIEMs of different trusted domains share alarms and their countermeasures. By sharing alarms and adopted measures in domains with similar profiles, the authors hope to enhance a global view of the security and facilitate decision making for security-domain administrators.
Prognostic Significance of Hypopigmentation in Malignant Melanoma (1987)

It has been suggested that the presence of cutaneous hypopigmentation favorably influences the prognosis of patients with malignant melanoma (MM). To examine this possibility, we have compared the actual with the predicted survival of 46 patients with MM and hypopigmentation who were among 1130 patients with MM entered in a long-term prospective study of MM at the New York University Medical Center. The actual average five-year survival rate of the patients with MM and hypopigmentation (86.3%) was significantly better than predicted (74.8%) on the basis of the risk factors present in each patient at the time of entry into the study. The findings suggest that hypopigmentation is a factor that beneficially influences the prognosis of MM, and that the mechanisms that inhibit or destroy normal melanocytes in patients with MM may also slow the growth of this cancer.
A Working Memory Deficit among Dyslexic Readers with No Phonological Impairment as Measured Using the N-Back Task: An fNIR Study (2012)

Data indicated that dyslexic individuals exhibited difficulties on tasks involving Working Memory (WM). Previous studies have suggested that these deficits stem from impaired processing in the Phonological Loop (PL). The PL impairment was connected to poor phonological processing. However, recent data has pointed to the Central Executive (CE) system as another source of WM deficit in dyslexic readers. This opened a debate whether the WM deficit stems solely from PL or can also be seen as an outcome of poor CE processing. In an attempt to verify this question, the current study compared adult skilled and compensated dyslexic readers with no impairment of phonological skills. The participants' PL and CE processing were tested by using the fNIR device attached to the frontal lobe and measured the changes in brain oxygen values when performing N-back task. As it was previously suggested, the N = 0 represented PL and N = 1 to 3 represent CE processing. It was hypothesized that dyslexic readers who show non-impaired phonological skills will exhibit deficits mainly in the CE subsystem and to a lesser extent in the PL. Results indicated that the two reading level groups did not differ in their accuracy and reaction times in any of the N-Back conditions. However, the dyslexic readers demonstrated significant lower maximum oxyHb values in the upper left frontal lobe, mainly caused due to a significant lower activity under the N = 1 condition. Significant task effects were found in the medial left hemisphere, and the high medial right hemisphere. In addition, significant correlations between fNIR-features, reading performance and speed of processing were found. The higher oxyHb values, the better reading and speed of processing performance obtained. The results of the current study support the hypothesis that at least for the group of dyslexics with non-impaired PL, WM deficit stems from poor CE activity.
Non-human Primate Determinants of Natural Killer Cells in Tissues at Steady-State and During Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2020)

Natural killer (NK) cells play essential roles in immunity to viruses and tumors. Their function is genetically determined but also modulated by environmental factors. The distribution and functional regulation of these cells vary depending on the tissue. NK cell behavior in lymphoid tissues is so far understudied. Non-human primate (NHP) models are essential for the development of therapies and vaccines against human diseases, and access to NHP tissues allows insights into spatial regulations of NK cells. Here, we investigated tissue-specific parameters of NK cells from NHP species, i.e., cynomolgus macaque (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>), African green monkey (<i>Chlorocebus sabaeus</i>), rhesus macaque (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>), and baboon (<i>Papio anubis</i>). By comprehensive multi-dimensional analysis of NK cells from secondary lymphoid organs, intestinal mucosa, liver, and blood, we identified tissue- and species-specific patterns of NK cell frequencies, phenotypes, and potential activity. Also, we defined the tissue-specific characteristics of NK cells during infection by the simian immunodeficiency virus. Altogether, our results provide a comprehensive anatomic analysis of NK cells in different tissues of primates at steady-state and during a viral infection.
Short-cavity GaAlAs laser by wet chemical etching (1982)

A short-cavity (GaAl)As stripe geometry laser with a threshold current of 30 mA has been fabricated by a new chemical etch process which uses a multilayer metal mask. The laser is 23 μm long and 12 μm wide, and does not have reflective coatings on the etched facets. Quasi-single-mode operation is obtained in pulsed conditions.
Mathematical Modeling of the AMCs Cross-Contamination Removal in the FOUPs: Finite Element Formulation and Application in FOUP Decontamination (2014)

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