gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SOFIA and ALMA Investigate Magnetic Fields and Gas Structures in Massive Star Formation: The Case of the Masquerading Monster in BYF 73 (2023)

Abstract We present Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) + Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) continuum and spectral-line polarization data on the massive molecular cloud BYF 73, revealing important details about the magnetic field morphology, gas structures, and energetics in this unusual massive star formation laboratory. The 154 μ m HAWC+ polarization map finds a highly organized magnetic field in the densest, inner 0.55 × 0.40 pc portion of the cloud, compared to an unremarkable morphology in the cloud’s outer layers. The 3 mm continuum ALMA polarization data reveal several more structures in the inner domain, including a parsec-long, ∼500 M ⊙ “Streamer” around the central massive protostellar object MIR 2, with magnetic fields mostly parallel to the east–west Streamer but oriented north–south across MIR 2. The magnetic field orientation changes from mostly parallel to the column density structures to mostly perpendicular, at thresholds N crit = 6.6 × 10 26 m −2 , n crit = 2.5 × 10 11 m −3 , and B crit = 42 ± 7 nT. ALMA also mapped Goldreich–Kylafis polarization in 12 CO across the cloud, which traces, in both total intensity and polarized flux, a powerful bipolar outflow from MIR 2 that interacts strongly with the Streamer. The magnetic field is also strongly aligned along the outflow direction; energetically, it may dominate the outflow near MIR 2, comprising rare evidence for a magnetocentrifugal origin to such outflows. A portion of the Streamer may be in Keplerian rotation around MIR 2, implying a gravitating mass 1350 ± 50 M ⊙ for the protostar+disk+envelope; alternatively, these kinematics can be explained by gas in free-fall toward a 950 ± 35 M ⊙ object. The high accretion rate onto MIR 2 apparently occurs through the Streamer/disk, and could account for ∼33% of MIR 2's total luminosity via gravitational energy release.
Novel drug-eluting stents in the treatment of de novo coronary lesions (2011)

Due to safety concerns in recent years, much effort has been devoted to improving the outcomes associated with drug-eluting stents (DESs). This review summarizes the current status of methodological and technical achievements reported in second-generation DES. Novel stents are described based on the component (the platform, the polymer, and the drug) that has undergone the most significant changes compared to earlier generation DES. An overview of the currently available evidence on the use of novel coronary devices in patients undergoing coronary revascularization is also reviewed.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Type 2‐Causing Coronavirus: Variants and Preventive Strategies (Adv. Sci. 11/2022) (2022)

Covid‐19 Variants and Prevention Preventive strategies such as vaccines, repurposed drugs and physical‐materials science based scenarios to create vectors interacting with SARS‐CoV‐2 to tackle the spread of the virus and its various mutations have been an exceptional addition to humanity's arsenal to cope with the ongoing Covid‐19 pandemic. More details can be found in article number 2104495 by Mohan Edirisinghe and co‐workers. [Image: see text]
Reinforcement Learning with a Terminator (2022)

We present the problem of reinforcement learning with exogenous termination. We define the Termination Markov Decision Process (TerMDP), an extension of the MDP framework, in which episodes may be interrupted by an external non-Markovian observer. This formulation accounts for numerous real-world situations, such as a human interrupting an autonomous driving agent for reasons of discomfort. We learn the parameters of the TerMDP and leverage the structure of the estimation problem to provide state-wise confidence bounds. We use these to construct a provably-efficient algorithm, which accounts for termination, and bound its regret. Motivated by our theoretical analysis, we design and implement a scalable approach, which combines optimism (w.r.t. termination) and a dynamic discount factor, incorporating the termination probability. We deploy our method on high-dimensional driving and MinAtar benchmarks. Additionally, we test our approach on human data in a driving setting. Our results demonstrate fast convergence and significant improvement over various baseline approaches.
Seismic Performance of Concrete Columns with Innovative Seven- and Eleven-Spiral Reinforcement (2015)

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Self‐Assembly of Cell–Microparticle Hybrids (2008)

Synthetic-biological hybrids of biodegradable microparticles and transfected cells are assembled, as schematically illustrated in the figure. The cells are surface-functionalized with biotin and the particle surface is also engineered with biotin. Avidin is then used as a bridging protein to bind together the microparticles and the surface- functionalized cells.
Improvements in Wintertime Surface Temperature Variability in the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) Related to the Representation of Snow Density (2022)

Abstract The Community Earth System Model (CESM) is widely used for the prediction and understanding of climate variability and change. Accurate simulation of the behavior of near surface air temperature ( T 2 m ) is critical in such a model for addressing societally relevant problems. However, previous versions of CESM suffered from an overestimation of wintertime T 2 m variability in Northern Hemisphere (NH) land regions. Here, it is shown that the latest version of CESM (CESM2) exhibits a much improved representation of wintertime T 2 m variability compared to its predecessor and it now compares well with observations. A series of targeted experiments reveal that an important contributor to this improvement is the local effects of changes to the representation of snow density within the land surface component. Increased snow densities in CESM2 lead to enhanced conductance of the snow layer. As a result, larger heat fluxes across the snow layer are induced in the presence of T 2 m anomalies, leading to a greater dampening of surface and near surface atmospheric temperature anomalies. The implications for future projections with CESM2 are also considered through comparison of the CESM1 and CESM2 large ensembles. Aligned with the reduction in surface temperature variability, compared to CESM1, CESM2 exhibits reduced ensemble spread in future projections of NH winter mean temperature and a smaller decline in daily wintertime T 2 m variability under climate change. Overall, this improvement has increased the accuracy of CESM2 as a tool for the study of wintertime T 2 m variability and change.
Maize regulatory gene opaque-2 encodes a protein with a "leucine-zipper" motif that binds to zein DNA. (1990)

The opaque-2 locus (o2) in maize regulates the expression of many members of the zein multigene family of storage proteins. cDNA clones for a wild-type allele of the (o2) locus (O2) were isolated from a maize endosperm cDNA library and sequenced. We found a 258-nucleotide 5' leader sequence containing three short open reading frames followed by a sequence specifying a protein of 437 amino acids. The presumptive amino acid sequence of the protein (O2) specified by the O2 cDNA contains a "leucine-zipper" domain characteristic of some mammalian and fungal transcription activation factors. lacZ-O2 fusion constructs, using nearly the entire coding region of O2 or only a fragment specifying the leucine-zipper domain, were expressed in Escherichia coli. In an in vitro binding assay, the beta-galactosidase-O2 fusion proteins bound to two specific regions on the 5' side of the coding sequence in a zein genomic clone. This suggests that the O2 protein affects zein transcription through direct interaction with one or more zein promoter elements.
Integration of Electric Drive Vehicles with the Electric Power Grid -- a New Value Stream (2001)

Battery-electric vehicles and grid-connected hybrid vehicles rely on the power grid for energy-- they have to plug in to charge their batteries. With power alerts and blackouts a recent reality in California, it is easy to conclude that the energy requirements of grid-connected electric vehicles will make the energy crisis worse. Actually, quite the opposite may be true. With a bi-directional grid power interface, virtually any vehicle that can plug into the grid can potentially provide beneficial support to the grid. Battery electric vehicles can support the grid exceptionally well by providing any of a number of functions known collectively as ancillary services. These services are vital to the smooth and efficient operation of the power grid. A hybrid vehicle can provide ancillary services, and can also generate power. Fuel cells are already being commercialized for small stationary power sources, so a vehiclemounted fuel cell could also serve as a vehicle-to-grid power source. Sharing power assets between transportation and power generation functions can create a compelling new economics for electrically-propelled vehicles.
Measuring the Spin Polarization of a Metal with a Superconducting Point Contact (1998)

A superconducting point contact is used to determine the spin polarization at the Fermi energy of several metals. Because the process of supercurrent conversion at a superconductor-metal interface (Andreev reflection) is limited by the minority spin population near the Fermi surface, the differential conductance of the point contact can reveal the spin polarization of the metal. This technique has been applied to a variety of metals where the spin polarization ranges from 35 to 90 percent: Ni0.8Fe0.2, Ni, Co, Fe, NiMnSb, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, and CrO2.
Ultrafast photocarrier dynamics in Fe-implanted InGaAs polycrystalline photoconductive materials (2021)

We investigate the ultrafast photoconductivity and charge-carrier transport in thermally annealed Fe-implanted InGaAs/InP films using time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. The samples were fabricated from crystalline InGaAs films amorphized with Fe ions implantation. The rapid thermal annealing of the InGaAs layer induces solid recrystallization through the formation of polycrystalline grains whose sizes are shown to increase with increasing annealing temperature within the 300-700 °C range. Based on the influence of the laser fluence, the temporal profile of the time-resolved photoconductivity was reproduced using a system of rate equations that describe the photocarrier dynamics in terms of a capture/recombination mechanism. For annealing temperatures below 500 °C, the capture time is found to be less than 1 ps while the recombination time from the charged states did not exceed 5 ps. However, for higher annealing temperatures, the capture and the recombination times show a continuous increase, reaching 7.1 ps and 1 ns respectively, for the film annealed at 700 °C. Frequency-dependent photoconductivity curves are analyzed via a modified Drude-Smith model that considers a diffusive restoring current and the confining particles' sizes. Our results demonstrate that the localization parameter of the photocarrier transport model is correlated to the polycrystalline grain size. We also show that a relatively high effective mobility of about 2570 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>is preserved in all these Fe-implanted InGaAs films.
815. Glycosides. Part II. The preparation of methyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-O-methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (1962)

P. A. Finan and C. D. Warren, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 4214 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620004214
Vesuvius-3D: A 3D-DfT demonstrator (2014)

IMEC and Cadence have jointly developed a 3D-DfT architecture that serves both 2.5D- and 3D-SICs. Originally targeting stacks of monolithic logic-only dies, over time this architecture has been extended to include (1) memory-on-logic stacks, (2) complex SOCs, and (3) multi-tower stacks. We have defined and implemented a full automation flow based on Cadence' RTL Compiler and Encounter Test. To demonstrate the capabilities of the 3D-DfT architecture and associated EDA flow, we designed a 3D-DfT Demonstrator circuit as part of an IMEC 3D chip stack nicknamed `Vesuvius-3D'. This test vehicle consists of two identical dies of 8.1×8.1mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in 65nm CMOS processed by GLOBALFOUNDRIES and IMEC. In this paper, we report on the design, test generation, processing, and pre-bond and post-bond measurement results of this 3D-DfT Demonstrator.
<title>Feature space trajectory (FST) neural network for SAR detection, classification, and clutter rejection</title> (1996)

We consider use of eigenvector feature inputs to our feature space trajectory (FST) neural net classifier for SAR data with 3D aspect distortions. We consider its use for classification and pose estimation and rejection of clutter. Prior and new MINACE distortion-invariant and shift- invariant filter work to locate the position of objects in regions of interest is reviewed. Test results on a number of SAR databases are included to show the robustness of the algorithm. New results include techniques to determine: the number of eigenvectors per class to retain, the number and order of final features to use, if the training set size is adequate, and if the training and test sets are compatible.
Gefitinib–phenytoin interaction is not correlated with the14C‐erythromycin breath test in healthy male volunteers (2009)

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • The response to gefitinib is variable and could be explained partly by the interindividual variability in gefitinib exposure. • Gefitinib is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, and is to a lesser extent a P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) substrate. • Patients with cancer are at high risk of drug–drug interactions, such as with phenytoin, a potent CYP3A4 inducer. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • The reduced systemic exposure of gefitinib with multiple‐dose phenytoin treatment. • An effect attributed to the possible induction of intestinal CYP3A4 because of the lack of correlation between changes in gefitinib disposition and the erythromycin breath test and the lack of association between allelic variant in the ABCB1 gene and baseline and induced oral gefitinib clearance. • The CYP2D6 extensive metabolizer seems to be less sensitive to the interaction with phenytoin, as the magnitude of induction of gefitinib clearance was greater in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers than in CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers. AIMS We aimed to describe the pharmacokinetic interaction between phenytoin, a potent CYP3A4 and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) (ABCB1) inducer, and gefitinib, a CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and P‐gp substrate. METHODS An open‐label, randomized, two‐phase crossover study was conducted. Eighteen healthy male volunteers (nine homozygous CC and nine homozygous TT as determined by their ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism in exon 26) received a single oral dose of 250 mg gefitinib alone or after 5 days treatment with phenytoin (5 mg kg −1 daily). Gefitinib plasma concentrations were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Hepatic CYP3A4 activity was evaluated by the 14 C‐erythromycin breath test (ERMBT) and the ABCB1 and CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms were determined by the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay and long polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS Following treatment with phenytoin, mean gefitinib C max and AUC 0–∞ decreased by 26 ± 44% [95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference 5–48%, P = 0.005] and 47 ± 26% (95% CI for the difference 34–60%, P = 0.001), respectively, and apparent oral clearance increased by 126 ± 93% (95% CI for the difference 80–172%, P = 0.004). Concomitantly, phenytoin increased the mean ERMBT by 91 ± 44% (95% CI 75–105%, P &lt; 0.001) from baseline, but the extent of liver CYP3A4 induction was not correlated to the extent of interaction. Furthermore, this interaction was independent of ABCB1 genetic polymorphism. The CYP2D6 genotype was slightly but significantly related to gefitinib clearance ( P = 0.04) during the control phase. CONCLUSIONS The significant interaction between gefitinib and phenytoin was not correlated with the erythromycin breath test and was independent of ABCB1 polymorphism, but may involve presystemic CYP3A‐mediated intestinal first‐pass.
Conductivity Tensor of Striped Quantum Hall Phases (2000)

We study the transport properties of pinned striped quantum Hall phases. We show that, under quite general assumptions, the macroscopic conductivity tensor satisfies a semicircle law. In particular, this result is valid for both smectic and nematic stripe phases, independent of the presence of topological and orientational defects such as dislocations and grain boundaries. As a special case, our results explain the experimental validity of a product rule for the dissipative part of the resistivity tensor, which was previously derived by MacDonald and Fisher (cond-mat/9907278) for a perfect stripe structure.
Seasonal prevalence and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli on pork carcasses at three steps of the harvest process at two commercial processing plants in the US (2020)

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin ( stx ) -producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are foodborne pathogens that have a significant impact on public health, with those possessing the attachment factor intimin ( eae ) referred to as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) associated with life threatening illnesses. Cattle and beef are considered typical sources of STEC, but their presence in pork products is a growing concern. Therefore, carcasses (n=1536) at two U.S. pork processors were sampled once per season at three stages of harvest (post-stunning skins; post-scald carcasses; chilled carcasses) then examined using PCR for stx and eae , aerobic plate count (APC) and Enterobacteriaceae counts (EBC). Skins, post-scald, and chilled carcasses had prevalence of stx (85.3, 17.5, and 5.4%, respectively), with 82.3, 7.8, and 1.7% respectively, having stx and eae present. All stx positive samples were subjected to culture isolation that resulted in 368 STEC and 46 EHEC isolates. The most frequently identified STEC were serogroup O121, O8, and O91(63, 6.7, and 6.0% of total STEC, respectively). The most frequently isolated EHEC was serotype O157:H7 (63% of total EHEC). Results showed that scalding significantly reduced ( P &lt; 0.05) carcass APC and EBC by 3.00 and 2.50 log 10 CFU/100 cm 2 respectively. A seasonal effect was observed with STEC prevalence lower ( P &lt; 0.05) in winter. The data from this study shows significant ( P &lt; 0.05) reduction in the incidence of STEC ( stx ) from 85.3% to 5.4% and of EHEC ( stx + eae ) from 82.3% to 1.7% within slaughter-to-chilling continuum, respectively, and that potential EHEC can be confirmed present throughout using culture isolation. IMPORTANCE Seven serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are responsible for most (&gt;75%) cases of severe illnesses caused by STEC and are considered adulterants of beef. However, some STEC outbreaks have been attributed to pork products although the same E. coli are not considered adulterants in pork because little is known of their prevalence along the pork chain. The significance of the work presented here is that it identifies disease causing STEC, enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), demonstrating that these same organisms are a food safety hazard in pork as well as beef. The results show that most STEC isolated from pork are not likely to cause severe disease in humans and that processes used in pork harvest, such as scalding, offer a significant control point to reduce contamination. The results will assist the pork processing industry and regulatory agencies to optimize interventions to improve the safety of pork products.
STUDIES ON ADENYLYLSTREPTOMYCIN, A PRODUCT OF STREPTOMYCIN INACTIVATION BY E. COLI CARRYING THE R-FACTOR (1968)

Streptomycin was inactivated in the presence of ATP and magnesium ion by an enzyme preparation made from E. coli K 12 ML 1629 which is resistant to streptomycin. The structure of the inactivated streptomycin was determined, and it was found that the hydroxy group on C-3 of the N-methyl-L-glucosamine moiety of streptomycin is adenylylated.
Session: Multiprocessing Hw/Sw Metric Driven Hardware/Software Co- Verification of Interrupt and IPC Driven Firmware Sub-Systems (2012)

As System-On-Chip complexity continues to increase, hardware software partitioning pushes more complex state machines to dedicated processor based sub-systems. The functionalities of such sub-systems are partitioned between hardware blocks and dedicated firmware controlled by interprocessor communication (IPC) channels and interrupts. Verifying such sub-systems faces the challenge of identifying bugs not only in both the hardware and the software parts, but also at the boundary of the two disciplines. Co-verification methodologies have proved to be interesting approaches for critical software verification. Existing methodologies are however based on the assumption that the software layer provides APIs or software interfaces. They therefore do not directly apply to the IPC and interrupt driven firmware of these sub-systems. This paper presents an approach which enables interrupt based firmware verification for such partitioned hardware/firmware sub-systems at the early stages of the projects and before the silicon is available; reusing hardware verification environment and modeling IPC and interrupt events. This methodology has been applied on an industrial complex control sub-system. Hardware event controllability and observability is reached using extended hardware coverage verification techniques and the required software observability is achieved using the monitoring facilities of hardware/software co-verification tools.
BAY 50–4798 (1999)

Shanafelt, A. B.; Carter, C.; Dubois-Stringfellow, N.; Gibbons, J.; Shanafelt, M. -C.; Lin, Y. Author Information
SABR in high-risk prostate cancer: Outcomes from two prospective clinical trials with and without elective nodal irradiation. (2019)

3 Background: There is limited data on SABR in high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) especially regarding the role of elective nodal irradiation (ENI). This study compares two prospective phase II trials using SABR in high-risk prostate cancer, with and without ENI. Methods: Both trials enrolled patients with high-risk PCa only. Trial1 (pHART8) patients received 40Gy/5 to the prostate and 30Gy/5 to the seminal vesicles. Trial2 (SATURN) patients received 40Gy/5 to the prostate and 25Gy/5 to the pelvis and seminal vesicles. CTCAE and RTOG toxicities were collected. Biochemical failure (BF) was defined as nadir+2 and 4-year PSA response rate (4yPSARR) was &lt; 0.4 ng/ml. Results: 60 patients were included (pHART8, n=30; SATURN, n=30). Median follow-up was 5.6y and 4.0y. Median nPSA was 0.02ng/ml for both. Six patients had BF, all from pHART8; four were managed with ADT and two are being observed. The BF rate was 14.6% at 5y in pHART8 and 0% in SATURN. All six biochemical failures were associated with a PSA of ≥ 0.4 ng/ml at 4y. 63% of patients in pHART8 and 93% in SATURN had a 4yPSARR. BF probability at 5y was 0% for those achieving a 4yPSARR, and 35.1% if not (p = p &lt; 0.0001). Two patients died in pHART8, one from metastatic disease. One patient in SATURN died from other causes. No other patients developed metastatic disease, and one patient in pHART8 had CRPC. OS at 5y was 93.2% and 96.7% (p=0.86). There was significantly worse late GI and sexual toxicity in pHART8, but no difference in late GU toxicity between the two trials. Conclusions: SABR in high-risk prostate cancer yields biochemical control rates that are comparable to other radiotherapy modalities. ENI using SABR is feasible and led to a significant improvement in biochemical control as well as in 4yPSARR which proved to be a predictor of biochemical control, without an increase in late GI or GU toxicity. Longer follow-up would provide a better assessment of biochemical control. Clinical trial information: NCT01505075 and NCT01953055.