gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive optics imaging of inherited retinal diseases (2017)

Adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscopy allows for non-invasive retinal phenotyping on a microscopic scale, thereby helping to improve our understanding of retinal diseases. An increasing number of natural history studies and ongoing/planned interventional clinical trials exploit AO ophthalmoscopy both for participant selection, stratification and monitoring treatment safety and efficacy. In this review, we briefly discuss the evolution of AO ophthalmoscopy, recent developments and its application to a broad range of inherited retinal diseases, including Stargardt disease, retinitis pigmentosa and achromatopsia. Finally, we describe the impact of this <i>in vivo</i> microscopic imaging on our understanding of disease pathogenesis, clinical trial design and outcome metrics, while recognising the limitation of the small cohorts reported to date.
The Fate of Patients After a Staged Nonunion Procedure for Known Infection (2020)

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Passively mode-locked Yb fiber laser with PbSe colloidal quantum dots as saturable absorber (2017)

A passively mode-locked Yb fiber laser using PbSe colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) as saturable absorber (SA) is experimentally demonstrated. An all-fiber experimental scheme was designed to understand the SA property of PbSe CQDs. The non-saturable loss, modulation depth, and saturable intensity of SA measured were 23%, 7%, and 12 MW/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The PbSe CQDs were sandwiched in a fiber connector, which was further inserted into the Yb fiber laser for mode-locking. As the pump power up to 110 mW, the self-starting mode-locking pulses were observed. Under the pump power of 285 mW, a maximum average laser power with fundamental mode-locking operation was obtained to be 21.3 mW. In this situation, the pulse full width at half maximum (FWHM), pulse repetition rate, and spectral FWHM were measured to be 70 ps, 8.3 MHz, and 4.5 nm, respectively.
Synthesis, morphology, and viscoelastic properties of cyanate ester/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites (2005)

Abstract Cyanate ester (PT‐15, Lonza Corp) composites containing the inorganic–organic hybrid polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) octaaminophenyl(T 8 )POSS [ 1 ; (C 6 H 4 NH 2 ) 8 (SiO 1.5 ) 8 ] were synthesized. These PT‐15/POSS‐ 1 composites (99/1, 97/3, and 95/5 w/w) were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission election microscopy (TEM), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, solvent extraction, and Fourier transform infrared. The glass‐transition temperatures ( T g 's) of the composite with 1 wt % 1 increased sharply versus the neat PT‐15, but 3 and 5 wt % 1 in these cyanate ester composites depressed T g . All the PT‐15/POSS composites exhibited higher storage modulus ( E ′) values (temperature &gt; T g ) than the parent resin, but these values decreased from 1 to 5 wt % POSS. The loss factor peak intensities decreased and their widths broadened upon the incorporation of POSS. XRD, TEM, and IR data were all consistent with the molecular dispersion of 1 due to the chemical bonding of the octaamino POSS‐ 1 macromer into the continuous cyanate ester network phase. The amino groups of 1 reacted with cyanate ester functions at lower temperatures than those at which cyanate ester curing by cyclotrimerization occurred. In contrast to 1 , 3‐cyanopropylheptacyclopentyl(T 8 )POSS [ 2 ; (C 5 H 9 ) 7 (SiO 1.5 ) 8 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CN] had low solubility in PT‐15 and did not react with the resin below or at the cure temperature. Thus, phase‐separated aggregates of 2 were found in samples containing 1–10 wt % 2 . Nevertheless, the T g and E ′ values (temperature &gt; 285 °C) of these composites increased regularly with an increase in 2 . © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3887–3898, 2005
High-efficiency third-generation silicon solar cells (2011)

The results of investigating third-generation matrix silicon solar cells with an efficiency of more than 25% during conversion of concentrated solar radiation are given. Electrical and optical characteristics are discussed. Modern technologies of semiconductor electronics and nanotechnology will soon allow increasing the efficiency of matrix silicon solar cells to 40%.
Outcomes studies of the gastrointestinal safety of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. (2002)

Short-term endoscopic studies of the highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors (coxibs) rofecoxib and celecoxib have shown that these agents are well tolerated and have efficacy equivalent to nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with fewer adverse effects on the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These studies are limited, however, as the detection of endoscopic lesions is not well correlated with symptomatic ulcers and ulcer complications. Outcomes studies of the GI safety are, therefore, essential to understanding how coxibs are likely to perform in a clinical practice setting. Four large outcomes studies (Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research, VIGOR; Assessment of Difference Between Vioxx and Naproxen to Ascertain Gastrointestinal Tolerability and Effectiveness trial, ADVANTAGE; Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study, CLASS; and the Successive Celecoxib Efficacy and Safety Studies, SUCCESS) examined the GI safety of rofecoxib and celecoxib in over 39,000 patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Results of these studies showed that patients taking a supratherapeutic dose of rofecoxib or celecoxib had significantly lower rates of GI-related adverse events than those taking a nonselective NSAID (naproxen, ibuprofen, or diclofenac). Reduced risk of upper GI events was seen in patients with multiple risk factors and in patients using low-dose aspirin and corticosteroids concomitantly with a coxib. Results of large outcomes studies provide support for the COX-2 hypothesis and demonstrate the long-term safety and tolerability of coxibs.
Nucleon transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions from domain wall fermion calculations at 297 MeV pion mass (2015)

Lattice QCD calculations of transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs) in a nucleon are performed based on a definition of TMDs via hadronic matrix elements of quark bilocal operators containing staple-shaped gauge connections.A parametrization of the matrix elements in terms of invariant amplitudes serves to cast them in the Lorentz frame preferred for the lattice calculation.Using a RBC/UKQCD domain wall fermion ensemble corresponding to a pion mass of 297 MeV, on a lattice with spacing 0.084 fm, selected TMD observables are accessed and compared to previous explorations at heavier pion masses on coarser lattices.
Semi-supervised GMM and DNN acoustic model training with multi-system combination and confidence re-calibration (2013)

We present our study on semi-supervised Gaussian mixture model (GMM) hidden Markov model (HMM) and deep neural network (DNN) HMM acoustic model training. We analyze the impact of transcription quality and data sampling approach on the performance of the resulting model, and propose a multisystem combination and confidence re-calibration approach to improve the transcription inference and data selection. Compared to using a single system recognition result and confidence score, our proposed approach reduces the phone error rate of the inferred transcription by 23.8% relatively when top 60% of data are selected. Experiments were conducted on the mobile short message dictation (SMD) task. For the GMM-HMM model, we achieved 7.2% relative word error rate reduction (WERR) against a well-trained narrow-band fMPE+bMMI system by adding 2100 hours of untranscribed data, and 28.2% relative WERR over a wide-band MLE model trained from transcribed out-of-domain voice search data after adding 10K hours of untranscribed SMD data. For the CD-DNN-HMM model, 11.7% and 15.0% relative WERRs are achieved after adding 1K hours of untranscribed data using random and importance sampling, respectively. We also found using large amount of untranscribed data for pretraining does not help. Index Terms: semi-supervised acoustic model training, system combination, confidence re-calibration, importance sampling
Cardiac Progenitor Cell Cycling Stimulated by Pim-1 Kinase (2010)

These findings define a mechanistic basis for enhanced myocardial regeneration in transgenic mice overexpressing Pim-1 kinase.
New method of determining the onset of ring cracking (1983)

When a spherical indentor is pressed with sufficient force against a flat piece of brittle material, fracture results. A new technique has been developed for the detection of the onset of these circumferential ring cracks in electrically insulating material. In this technique, thin metal films were deposited on both the insulating indentor (diamond) and the insulating brittle flat. A step in the monitored electrical contact resistance between the indentor and flat metal films versus the applied force curve signified the initiation of a ring crack. Tests performed on polished glass slides using diamond indentors demonstrated that the technique is both sensitive and reproducible. The onset of crack formation observed by optical means was observed to occur at the same time as the step in the contact resistance when both experiments were carried out simultaneously.
Induction of lung adenocarcinoma in transgenic mice expressing activated EGFR driven by the SP‐C promoter (2008)

To investigate the role of an activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in lung cancer, we generated transgenic mice expressing the delE748-A752 mutant version of mouse EGFR driven by the SP-C promoter, which is equivalent to the delE746-A750 mutation found in lung cancer patients. Strikingly, the mice invariably developed multifocal lung adenocarcinomas of varying sizes at between 5 and 6 weeks of age, and they died from tumor progression approximately 2 months later if left untreated. Daily oral administration of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib (5 mg/kg/day) reduced the total and phosphorylation levels of EGFR to those in wild-type mouse lung tissue; in addition, it abrogated tumor growth within 1 week and prolonged survival to >30 weeks. Interestingly, phosphorylated ErbB2, ErbB3, and thyroid transcriptional factor-1 increased in the transgenic mice compared with those in wild-type mice. They might play some roles in tumors progression in the transgenic mice. This model will be useful for studying the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, chemoprevention, and acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs in lung cancer patients carrying activating EGFR mutations.
Laser surface modification of ductile iron: Part 1 Microstructure (1988)

AbstractAbstractLaser induced microstructural modification of ductile iron has been studied as a function of processing parameters such as power density and beam–substrate interaction time. The high energy density CO2 laser source changes and refines the microstructure of the near surface layer, leading to enhanced hardness and wear resistance. Two basic types of microstructure are produced by laser processing, depending on the solidification/cooling rate of the melted zone. High solidification/cooling rates produce a mechanically metastable austenitic matrix, and a dendritic microstructure with interdendritic cementite films. Low solidification/cooling rates produce a very hard, lamellar ferrite+cementite microstructure. A mixed microstructure of intermediate hardness is produced at intermediate cooling rates. Detailed optical and electron microscopy studies of these microstructures as a function of laser processing parameters are reported.MST/701
Postischemic production of eicosanoids in gerbil brain. (1987)

The postischemic production of PGE2, PGD2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and TXB2 in brain tissue was studied in Mongolian gerbils using tissue extraction as well as a new ex vivo method. This new method permits the study of prostaglandin synthesis in slices from discrete areas of the brain (cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus). Gerbils were sacrificed at 0, 5, and 30 minutes, and 4 and 24 hours after a 15-minute occlusion of both carotid arteries. Apart from 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, tissue prostaglandins determined by the extraction method were significantly increased 3 and 30 minutes after reperfusion. The most pronounced changes found by the ex vivo method were increased productions of PGD2 immediately after reperfusion (285% in cortex, 215% in hypothalamus) and PGE2 (350% in hippocampus, 320% in striatum) 4 hours after reperfusion. At 24 hours after reperfusion PGE2 and PGD2 synthesis were significantly decreased by 23-70% of the values obtained from sham-operated controls. Thromboxane increased slightly in all areas after recirculation and subsequently decreased to values below the control level in striatum. The results obtained by ex vivo incubation of tissue slices demonstrate that ischemia and subsequent recirculation cause site-, time-, and PG-specific changes of tissue eicosanoid production.
Interconnected Cloud Computing Environments (2014)

A brief review of the Internet history reveals the fact that the Internet evolved after the formation of primarily independent networks. Similarly, interconnected clouds, also called Inter-cloud , can be viewed as a natural evolution of cloud computing. Recent studies show the benefits in utilizing multiple clouds and present attempts for the realization of an Inter-cloud or federated cloud environment. However, cloud vendors have not taken into account cloud interoperability issues, and each cloud comes with its own solution and interfaces for services. This survey initially discusses all the relevant aspects motivating cloud interoperability. Furthermore, it categorizes and identifies possible cloud interoperability scenarios and architectures. The spectrum of challenges and obstacles that the Inter-cloud realization is faced with are covered, a taxonomy of them is provided, and fitting enablers that tackle each challenge are identified. All these aspects require a comprehensive review of the state of the art, including ongoing projects and studies in the area. We conclude by discussing future directions and trends toward the holistic approach in this regard.
Altered c -fos in Rostral Medulla and Spinal Cord of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1996)

Neurons immunoreactive for Fos, the protein product of the immediate early gene c-fos, have been compared in the rostral ventral medulla and spinal cord of conscious normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after baroreceptor unloading. Hypotension induced by a 60-minute intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside reduced baroreceptor activity; controls received intravenous saline. In WKY, 474 +/- 56 (n=6) Fos-positive neurons were identified in the rostral ventral medulla after nitroprusside infusion, a fivefold increase from controls; 50% of the tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons in the rostral ventral medulla were activated by this hypotension. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons, mainly sympathoadrenal neurons, were Fos positive after nitroprusside, but Fos-positive sympathetic preganglionic neurons were not observed in control WKY. In SHR, Fos immunoreactivity in the rostral ventral medulla was elevated in the control group compared with the WKY controls (236 +/- 31 and 93 +/- 15, respectively, n=6 for both). Nitroprusside hypotension did not further increase Fos immunoreactivity in the rostral ventral medulla, although the number of Fos-positive spinal sympathetic neurons increased. Our results have identified different neuronal activities between WKY and SHR in sites that are critical to sympathetic outflow. In WKY, nitroprusside effects are consistent with an activation of rostral ventral medulla neurons, including bulbospinal neurons, that are normally inhibited by baroreceptor activity. In SHR, basal nerve activity is increased, so even at rest, rostral ventral medulla neurons and sympathetic preganglionic neurons, mainly sympathoadrenal neurons, are Fos immunoreactive. These activated neurons are likely to contribute to the elevated blood pressure in this rat strain.
JTV-519 Japan Tobacco. (2001)

Japan Tobacco is developing the mixed action ion channel blocker, JTV-519, which has potential use as an antiarrhythmic [285800]. The drug is a novel cardioprotectant derivative of 1,4-benzothiazepine for which phase I trials were completed in the third quarter of 1998; phase II trials started in the fourth quarter of 1998 for the potential treatment of myocardial infarction [320195]. Studies have shown that JTV-519 has a strong cardioprotective effect against catecholamine-induced myocardial injury and against ischemia/reperfusion injury [316749]. In experimental myofibrillar overcontraction models, it demonstrated greater cardioprotectant effects than propranolol, verapamil and diltiazem [171668].
A novel and efficient synthesis of 13-methylprotoberberine alkaloids (1985)

13-Methylberberine (6a), dehydrocorydaline (6b), and corysamine (6c, and their tetrahydro derivatives (9a–c) were efficiently synthesised from the corresponding protoberberines (1) through photochemical electrocyclic reaction of 13-methylene-8, 14-cycloberbines (3).
Surface Anchoring of Nematic Liquid Crystals (1988)

Abstract Existing experimental techniques for measuring the orientational anchoring strength at a substrate-nematic interface are critically analyzed with a particular emphasis on their macroscopic basis and on the range of applicability and precision. Conceptual basis of the anchoring strength is first clarified by making a distinction between the macroscopic and the microscopic approaches toward the substrate-nematic interface, and the significance of the Gibbs’ dividing surface is emphasized together with some thermodynamic properties of the anchoring strength and pretilt angle. The principles of some typical experimental techniques are next reviewed from a fundamental viewpoint, and possible complications and sources of error in these methods, when applied to an interface with strong anchoring, are discussed. Drawing upon the result of the “high-electric-field technique” which yields an anchoring energy apparently larger than 10−3 J/m2, the greatest value ever observed, for a planar-aligned nematic on rubbed polymer surface, it is argued through the consideration of the dividing surface that the observed anchoring strength, though still meaningful as a thermodynamic parameter, does not necessarily imply the existence of strong substrate-nematic orientational coupling on the microscopic scale.
Characterization of U.S. Cement Kiln Dust (1982)

Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines discussing the characterization of cement kiln dust. Mineralogy, chemical analysis, and hazardous waste potential of kiln dust is presented. This report includes tables.
ChemInform Abstract: Cinchona Alkaloids in Chemistry (2010)

Abstract Review: 44 refs.
Clinical Experiences with Induced Cardiac Arrest During Intracardiac Surgical Procedures* (1957)

Lam, Conrad R. M.D.; Gahagan, Thomas M.D.; Sergeant, Charles M.D.; Green, Edward M.D. Author Information
Equine recombination map updated to EquCab3.0 (2019)

Recombination maps and hotspots are available at https://osf.io/e72ah. Figure S1 Recombination rates across all equine autosomes and chromosome X. Table S1 Differences in physical length, genetic map length, recombination rate and number of predicted hotspots between the previous equine recombination map and the updated map. Table S2 Summary of breed-specific recombination maps. Data S1 Detailed methods for recombination map generation and hotspot prediction. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Kerr combs in microresonators: from chaos to solitons and from theory to experiment (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Kerr frequency combs in optical passive microresonators promise new breakthroughs in photonics. Such combs result from multiple hyper-parametric four-wave mixing processes when reaching a threshold of modulational instability. These combs however have chaotic nature. It was revealed in recent experiments, theoretical and numerical analysis that transition form these chaotic states to highly ordered states associated with dissipative Kerr solitons is possible. In this report we discuss theoretical approaches to analyze these soliton states and reveal methods of reliable transition to single soliton states. Latest experimental results with soliton combs are reported.
Unacylated ghrelin modulates circulating angiogenic cell number in insulin-resistant states (2017)

UAG causes a minor suppressive effect on CAC development after short-term treatment in humans, but experiments in mice suggest that long-term treatment has beneficial effects on CAC formation. The Netherlands Trial Register: TC=2487.
13.56-MHz Inductively Coupled Card Compatibility to Conducting Surfaces (2007)

The drive toward multiple-application SmartCards eliminates the need for multiple cards but requires that multiple programming and reading processes be accomplished with high performance and low cost. 13.56-MHz inductively coupled cards require reading and writing environments that are free of interference from electromagnetic sources, and of self-induced interference from conductive surfaces. Both parallel and non-parallel conductive surfaces are found to detune the card and affect the coupling. The 13.56-MHz inductively coupled card compatibility to the conductive surfaces illustrates a need to factor in all of the processing environmental factors during design.
High thin-film yield achieved at small substrate separation in chemical bath deposition of semiconductor thin films (2001)

A technique to improve thin-film yield in chemical bath deposition of semiconductor thin films is presented. This involves the use of very small substrate separation, 0.1 mm, to eliminate the passive layer of the bath, which contributes solely to precipitation. At small substrate separation, a thin layer of the bath mixture is held by surface tension between pairs of substrates. The thin-film yield, which is the percentage of the metal ions in the bath utilized towards the film formation, obtained in this experimental set-up is considered to be near 100% for CuS, Cu2-xSe, CdS and CdSe thin films. The final thickness estimated for the films is about 40-50 nm. The optical and electrical properties of these films are presented to illustrate that at such film thickness they fulfil the requirements for certain applications.
AN APPROACH TO THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTIC PLATENOMYCIN (1973)

These antibiotics were previously reported as antibiotic YL-704. ** Asecretor is a blocked mutant which can not produce an antibiotic substance by itself, but can produce a biogenetic intermediate.
Microscopic ordering in smectic phases of liquid crystals (1990)

Orientational order in smectic phases of a ferroelectric liquid-crystalline material 4'-(2S, 3S)-2"-chloro-3"-methylpentanoyloxyphenyl-4-decyloxy thiobenzoate, abbreviated 10.S.C1Iso-leu, was examined by IR absorption spectroscopy. Oriented samples were prepared in both bookshelf and homeotropic alignment geometry. Several stronger IR vibrations were selected characterizing different parts and orientations of the molecules. Results show that the molecular tilt of the core parts of the molecules changes very little from the SA to the S* C phase implying that the core parts of the molecules are already tilted in the SA phase. Axes of the core parts, that are disordered on a cone in the SA phase, start to align with each other but remain on this cone on lowering the temperature into the S*C phase. The model agrees with some previous results.