gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth Performance, Meat Yield, and Economic Responses of Broilers Fed Diets Varying in Metabolizable Energy from Thirty to Fifty-Nine Days of Age (2006)

Two studies examined responses of broilers to diets varying in AME from 30 to 59 d of age. A 59-d termination allows for evaluation of energy needs applicable to “big bird” programs, because research on nutritional needs for such programs is warranted. Two experiments were conducted: experiment (exp.) 1 having low temperatures whereas exp. 2 used moderate temperatures. The treatments in exp. 1 and 2 were AME concentrations ranging from 3,175 to 3,310 kcal/kg with CP, TSAA, and Lys being identical across all treatments. In exp. 2, an additional treatment consisted of a diet containing 3,310 kcal of AME/kg with CP, TSAA, and Lys being increased by 4% of those specifications used in the other treatments so as to minimize differences in energy:CP ratio. In both experiments, feed consumption and conversion decreased linearly as dietary AME increased, but breast meat yield was reduced with the high AME diet and only increasing amino acids in exp. 2 ameliorated the negative effect. Live production costs and gross feeding margin (bird return over feed costs) were optimized in exp. 1 with 3,220 kcal of AME/kg of diet, but 3,310 kcal of AME/kg of diet and increased amino acids were needed in exp. 2 for improved monetary returns. In both experiments, broilers had similar caloric consumption indicating that these broilers can compensate to varying dietary AME concentrations within practical limits. These results demonstrated that the response to dietary AME was more pronounced under moderate ambient temperatures.
Electrohydrodynamic Pool Boiling in Reduced Gravity (1996)

This research is concerned with studying the effects of applied electric fields on pool boiling in a reduced-gravity environment. Experiments are conducted at the NASA Lewis 2.2 sec Drop tower using a drop rig constructed at UC Davis. In the experiments, a platinum wire is heated while immersed in saturated liquid refrigerants (FC-72 and FC-87), or water, causing vapor formation at the wire surface. Electric fields are applied between the wire surface and an outer screen electrode that surrounds the wire. Preliminary normal-gravity experiments with water have demonstrated that applied electric fields generated by the rig electronics can influence boiling characteristics. Reduced-gravity experiments will be performed in the summer of 1996. The experiments will provide fundamental data on electric field strengths required to disrupt film boiling (for various wire heat generation input rates) in reduced gravity for a cylindrical geometry. The experiments should also shed light on the roles of characteristic bubble generation times and charge relaxation times in determining the effects of electric fields on pool boiling. Normal-gravity comparison experiments will also be performed.
An Efficient Method for the Direct Peroxygenation of Various Olefinic Compounds with Molecular Oxygen and Triethylsilane Catalyzed by a Cobalt(II) Complex (1990)

Abstract An efficient method for the direct peroxygenation of various olefinic compounds with molecular oxygen and triethylsilane (Et3SiH) was developed by the use of a catalytic amount of a bis(1,3-diketonato)cobalt(II) complex. According to the above method, 1-phenyl-3-triethylsilydioxybutane (2) was directly produced from 4-phenyl-1-butene (1) by means of a reaction with O2 and Et3SiH at room temperature. Styrene (3) and ethyl acrylate (5a) were also smoothly peroxygenated to give 1-phenyl-1-triethylsilyldioxyethane (4) and ethyl 2-triethylsilyldioxypropionate (6a) by using a small amount of t-BuOOH as an initiator. The successive desilylation of 6a and reduction of the resulting ethyl 2-hydroperoxypropionate (8a) afforded the corresponding alcohol, ethyl lactate (10a), in a high yield. The synthetic utility of the present peroxygenation reaction was demonstrated in the preparation of α-hydroxy esters 10a–e from several α,β-unsaturated esters 5a–e via the corresponding triethylsilyldioxy derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Elimination with High Induction: Synthesis of 1‐Alkenylsulfoximides with Axial and Central Chirality. (1987)

Abstract The olefin (IV) can be prepared with high diastereoselectivity (≥ 98%) by elimination reaction of the compound (IIIc) which, in turn is obtained from the ketone (I) and the reagent (II) via the intermediates (IIIa) and (IIIb).
Building a global agricultural research system - proceedings of an ESDAR Seminar (1996)

These are the proceedings of the seminar, hosted by the Bank, to promote a dialogue in recognition of the need to develop collective ownership of visions, strategies, and objectives, required to build a global agricultural research system. Discussions among various groups of participants, and stakeholders focused on the investments needed for agricultural research, and outreach technological innovations to enhance food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainability of the natural resource base. Within this context, the seminar was structured around three topics: A renewed call for agricultural research; Agricultural research and farmers; and, Towards a global agricultural research system, presented as appendixes to this report. A summary of conclusions is presented, recognizing the power of biotechnology development, and a growing awareness for improved natural resource management, suggesting the useful institutional guidance of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) to provide the basis for consensus, together with non-governmental organizations, and the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) as the cornerstones in this global effort. The establishment of a Global Forum is suggested, to develop the common objectives, the mechanisms of implementation, and specific activities to achieve cohesive agricultural research.
Human C-reactive protein aggravates osteoarthritis development in mice on a high-fat diet (2018)

Human CRP expression in a background of HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction resulted in the aggravation of OA through increased cartilage degeneration and osteophytosis. Increased recruitment of classical and non-classical monocytes might be a mechanism of action through which CRP is involved in aggravating this process. These findings suggest interventions selectively directed against CRP activity could ameliorate metabolic OA development.
The improved comparative reactivity method (ICRM): measurements of OH reactivity under high-NO x conditions in ambient air (2021)

Abstract. The comparative reactivity method (CRM) was developed more than a decade to measure OH reactivity (i.e., OH loss frequency) in both laboratory and field studies. However, accurate OH reactivity quantification remains challenging under real ambient conditions, especially for OH reactivity measurements in high-NOx (e.g., &gt; 10 ppbv) environments, as ambient NO enhances the regeneration of OH radicals in the CRM reactor. To solve this problem, we design a new and improved CRM reactor (ICRM) and add NO into the system continuously so that the HO2 radical concentration is suppressed. We confirmed the appropriate level of NO by determining the maximum decrease in the pyrrole level caused by regenerated OH radicals from NO + HO2. RO2 radicals induced by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ICRM reactor were also found to react with NO, which led to the regeneration of OH radicals and thus the underestimation of OH reactivity. This effect was quantified by the calibration of representative VOC species at different NO levels, and the correction coefficients obtained were used to correct the measured OH reactivity. All these efforts resulted in reducing the uncertainty of the NO-artifact correction by at least an order of magnitude compared to the original CRM system. Additionally, these technological improvements also considerably reduced the systematic errors from pyrrole photolysis in the original system. A new operation mode was proposed for the ICRM, which is able to avoid the interference resulting from OH radicals produced by photolysis of residual humidity and save time for ambient measurement. The ICRM system was employed in a field campaign to measure OH reactivity and performed well with ambient NO levels ranging from 0 to 50 ppbv, which are typically observed in the urban and suburban atmosphere.
Statistical Phrases in Automated Text Categorization (2000)

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche
Enhanced Photoresponse in Solid-State Excitonic Solar Cells via Resonant Energy Transfer and Cascaded Charge Transfer from a Secondary Absorber (2010)

We present a spiro-linked molecule 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(3-hexyl-5-(7-(4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-9,9'-spirobifluorene which acts as a secondary absorber in solid-state excitonic solar cells. Blending with a hole-transporting material 2,2'7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene and used in conjunction with a near-infrared dye (termed TT1) results in an extended spectral response which yields a notable increase in short-circuit current and power conversion efficiency. This enhancement is due to both exciton energy transfer and also nanoscale charge generation in the blend via the formation of an excited state spiro-complex with charge transfer character.
Current Algorithm for Treatment of Advanced NSCLC Patients: How to Include Active Immunotherapy? (2013)

Despite the availability of different treatments for advanced NSCLC, all of them have a palliative intention and a cure for the disease is unlikely. Thus, advanced lung cancer remains as an unmet medical need. Chemotherapy has been used as the therapy of choice for advanced NSCLC patients, but it is mainly limited by the patient’s performance status. More recently, targeted therapies have introduced more specific treatment options that show efficacy in specific niche of patients, but precisely due to their target specificity, they usually provoke early resistance. In addition to these limitations, most of the best drugs currently used for treatment of advanced NSCLC show small increases in patient survival with severe associated toxicity. Novel drugs with low toxicity that could be given chronically to control the advanced disease can make a difference. They could allow the management of advanced cancer as a chronic disease that, even when not cured, it can be controlled for long periods of time offering patients a good quality of life. Active-specific immunotherapy is an area of oncology that is rapidly expanding with encouraging results. Cancer vaccines against many potential targets have shown to increase patient survival in clinical trials at all stages NSCLC, when included as first-line, maintenance, or second-line therapy. Safety of cancer vaccines supposes a new hope for cancer therapy, and this unique characteristic makes it possible to be used in sub-sets of patients that cannot receive other approved treatments because of their high toxicity. In this paper, authors propose how active immunotherapy could be included in the current algorithm for treatment of advanced NSCLC patients.
Biological actions of carotenoids 1 (1989)

Of 600 carotenoids from natural sources that have been characterized, fewer than 10% serve as precursors of vitamin A. Many dietary carotenoids, both with and without provitamin A activity, are found in the blood and tissues of humans. beta-Carotene, the most nutritionally active carotenoid, comprises 15-30% of total serum carotenoids. Vitamin A is formed primarily by the oxygen-dependent central cleavage of beta-carotene and other provitamin A carotenoids. Several carotenoids show enhancement of the immune response, inhibition of mutagenesis, reduction of induced nuclear damage, and protection from various neoplastic events in cells, tissues, and whole animals. Carotenoids also protect against photo-induced tissue damage. Some carotenoids, including beta-carotene, quench highly reactive singlet oxygen under certain conditions and can block free radical-mediated reactions. In epidemiological studies, the intake of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables has been correlated with protection from some forms of cancer, particularly lung cancer. Similarly, serum beta-carotene levels have been associated with a decreased chance of developing lung cancer. It must be stressed, however, that these epidemiological associations do not show cause and effect. In this regard, long-term intervention trials with beta-carotene supplements are in progress. Whatever the results of these trials, carotenoids clearly show biological actions in animals distinct from their function as precursors of vitamin A.
A novel IL‐23p19/Ebi3 (IL‐39) cytokine mediates inflammation in Lupus‐like mice (2016)

Interleukin-12 family cytokines have emerged as critical regulators of immunity with some members (IL-12, IL-23) associated with disease pathogenesis while others (IL-27, IL-35) mitigate autoimmune diseases. Each IL-12 family member is comprised of an α and a β chain, and chain-sharing is a key feature. Although four bona fide members have thus far been described, promiscuous chain-pairing between alpha (IL-23p19, IL-27p28, IL-12/IL-35p35) and beta (IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-27/IL-35Ebi3) subunits, predicts six possible heterodimeric IL-12 family cytokines. Here, we describe a new IL-12 member composed of IL-23p19 and Ebi3 heterodimer (IL-39) that is secreted by LPS-stimulated B cells and GL7(+) activated B cells of lupus-like mice. We further show that IL-39 mediates inflammatory responses through activation of STAT1/STAT3 in lupus-like mice. Taken together, our results show that IL-39 might contribute to immunopathogenic mechanisms of systemic lupus erythematosus, and could be used as a possible target for its treatment.
Activation in vivo of retroperitoneal fibromatosis-associated herpesvirus, a simian homologue of human herpesvirus-8. (1999)

Retroperitoneal fibromatosis-associated herpesvirus of rhesus macaques (RFHVMm) is a gammaherpesvirus closely related to human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), which is thought to be a necessary cofactor for the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in humans. Here, RFHVMm infection of rhesus macaques exposed to the D-type retrovirus simian retrovirus-2 (SRV-2) is described. Development of SRV-2 viraemia, infection with simian immunodeficiency virus or administration of cyclosporin A could result in persistent RFHVMm viraemia. From this, it is concluded that productive retrovirus infection or otherwise-induced immune suppression has the ability to activate this herpesvirus in vivo. Elevated levels of circulating interleukin-6, a cytokine that plays a central role in KS, were found in RFHVMm-viraemic animals. In viraemic animals, RFHVMm was found in tissues that are common sites for the development of AIDS-associated KS, especially the oral cavity. Together, these data suggest a common biology between RFHVMm infection of macaques and HHV-8 infection and pathogenesis in humans.
Serum hepatocyte growth factor levels in liver diseases: Clinical implications (1995)

Although recent studies have shown that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent mitogen in vivo, the significance of serum HGF in liver diseases remains unclear. To clarify clinical significance of serum HGF in liver diseases, serum HGF was measured in 127 patients with liver diseases and in 200 healthy individuals, using a highly sensitive immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). This assay is specific for HGF and is sensitive enough to detect 0.1 ng/mL of HGF. Mean values for serum HGF in acute hepatitis (AH), chronic hepatitis (CH), liver cirrhosis (LC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), and normal controls were 0.45, 0.40, 1.05, 1.06, 0.44, 16.40, and 0.27 ng/mL, respectively. Serum HGF levels in these diseases were significantly increased compared with those in the controls (P < .001), and exhibited a positive correlation with total bilirubin, indocyanine green (ICG) test (R15), asparate aminotransferase (AST), and a negative correlation with albumin and prothrombin time (P < .001). Cirrhotic patients with modified Child class C had higher levels of serum HGF than those graded as modified Child class A or B (P < .001). In CH, serum HGF levels were significantly related to the histological activity index (HAI) score (P < .002). Seven patients with HCC who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) exhibited a gradual increase in serum HGF levels up to day 4 after treatment; these higher levels were maintained until day 7, although AST reached a peak on day 2 and then decreased gradually.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Contextual awareness, messaging and communication in nomadic audio environments (1998)

Nomadic Radio provides an audio-only wearable interface to unify remote information services such as email, voice mail, hourly news broadcasts, and personal calendar events. These messages are automatically downloaded to a wearable device throughout the day and users can browse them using speech recognition and tactile input. To provide an unobtrusive interface for nomadic users, the audio/text information is presented using a combination of ambient and auditory cues, synthetic speech and spatialized audio. A notification model developed in Nomadic Radio dynamically selects the relevant presentation level for incoming messages based on message priority, user activity and the level of conversation in the environment. Temporal actions of the user such as activating or ignoring messages while listening, reinforce or decay the presentation level over time and change the underlying notification model. Scaleable notification allows incoming messages to be dynamically presented as subtle ambient sounds, distinct VoiceCues, spoken summaries or spatialized audio streams foregrounded for the listener. This thesis addresses techniques for peripheral awareness, spatial listening and contextual notification to manage the user&amp;apos;s focus of attention on a wearable audio computing platform.
The value of serial bronchoalveolar lavages in assessing the clinical progress of patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. (1987)

This study tested the hypothesis that changes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) inflammatory cell profiles reflect the clinical progress of patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) when followed for substantial periods of time with or without any form of treatment. Two or more bronchoalveolar lavages (mean, 3; maximum, 5) were performed on each of 32 patients who were followed for periods as long as 7 yr (mean, 2.5 yr, median, 4 yr). The majority were studied before and during treatments with prednisolone alone or with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. A total of 90 lavages were performed, and the changes in BAL inflammatory cell percentage counts were compared with defined categories of clinical progress. At initial lavage, 97% of the patients had an increased percentage of at least 1 BAL cell type. On follow-up, 12 patients showed definite and sustained clinical improvement, and their serial lavage cell counts tended to return towards normal. Falls in neutrophils were significant in patients responding to prednisolone, whereas falls in eosinophils were significant in those responding to cyclophosphamide. By contrast, in patients who failed to improve, neutrophil and eosinophil counts tended to remain elevated. However, several nonresponders appeared to have clinically stable disease, demonstrating that persisting granulocytes are not necessarily paralleled by clinical deterioration. Consecutive BAL cell counts in the pair of samples before and after introduction of prednisolone showed no overall change in any lavage cell type to suggest that the drug has a general effect independent of clinical progress. A similar comparison for cyclophosphamide showed falls in eosinophil percentage counts, but these were mainly responders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enriching User Experience in Online Health Communities Through Thread Recommendations and Heterogeneous Information Network Mining (2018)

Online health communities (OHCs) provide health consumers with platforms for discussing medical conditions and sharing a personal experience. Although a wealth of healthcare information is available in OHCs, consumers find it challenging to locate information of interest efficiently due to the information overload. The lack of medical knowledge and searching skills makes it even harder for consumers to retrieve demanded information from a popular OHC with hundreds of thousands of threads. Therefore, effective thread recommendation is critical for OHCs to enhance user experience and engage the users in the community. In this paper, we proposed to recommend threads to users in OHCs by exploiting heterogeneous healthcare information network mining. We first constructed a heterogeneous healthcare information network from OHCs data. Unlike bipartite graphs studied in most existing works, which only consider user nodes and item nodes, a heterogeneous healthcare information network retains the rich context information of users and threads. We extracted features from the network to capture basic network metrics, thread-thread relationship, and user-user relationship, and utilize the features to train a binary classification model for thread recommendation. Experiments were conducted using a data set collected from MedHelp. The proposed approach was proven to be effective in measuring user interests in online discussion threads. In addition, by testing our approaches using different settings, we found that the local similarity achieved better performance than the global similarity in heterogeneous information network. By incorporating thread- thread relationship and user-user relationship, it can achieve the best performance.
Data Science for Economics and Finance (2021)

Economic and fiscal policies conceived by international organizations, governments, and central banks heavily depend on economic forecasts, in particular during times of economic and societal turmoil like the one we have recently experienced with the coronavirus spreading worldwide. The accuracy of economic forecasting and nowcasting models is however still problematic since modern economies are subject to numerous shocks that make the forecasting and nowcasting tasks extremely hard, both in the short and medium-long runs.
Development of a quality monitoring program for platelet components: a report of the first four years' experience at Canadian Blood Services (2011)

A QMP was found to be useful to monitor production processes across sites and highlights best practice approaches while deepening understanding of the quality of PLT products at CBS.
The Genetic Landscape of Type 2 Diabetes in Mice (2007)

Inbred mouse strains provide genetic diversity comparable to that of the human population. Like humans, mice have a wide range of diabetes-related phenotypes. The inbred mouse strains differ in the response of their critical physiological functions, such as insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, beta-cell proliferation and survival, and fuel partitioning, to diet and obesity. Most of the critical genes underlying these differences have not been identified, although many loci have been mapped. The dramatic improvements in genomic and bioinformatics resources are accelerating the pace of gene discovery. This review describes how mouse genetics can be used to discover diabetes-related genes, summarizes how the mouse strains differ in their diabetes-related phenotypes, and describes several examples of how loci identified in the mouse may directly relate to human diabetes.
Supplementary Table from Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolic Isozyme Targets in Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table from Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolic Isozyme Targets in Cancer