gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of a Synthesis of meso-Porphyrins Employing High Concentration Conditions and an Electron Transport Chain for Aerobic Oxidation (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigation of a Synthesis of meso-Porphyrins Employing High Concentration Conditions and an Electron Transport Chain for Aerobic OxidationJonathan S. Lindsey, Kristy A. MacCrum, John S. Tyhonas, and Yao Yuan ChuangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 3, 579–587Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00082a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00082a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2035Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Physicochemical Characteristics of Mixed Copper−Cadmium Sulfides Prepared by Coprecipitation (1999)

A series of Cu−Cd sulfides were prepared by coprecipitation in aqueous supersaturated solutions at 25 °C, pH 2.50. The solids obtained were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and their elemental composition was determined by chemical analysis. The results showed that in all cases mixed CuS−CdS precipitates were prepared, the ratio of each phase depending on the composition of the supersaturated solutions. A series of precipitates, of (CuS)x (CdS)1-x, were prepared with x = 0.0, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.50, and 1.0. All polycrystalline preparations with x = 0.30 showed metallic behavior typical for CuS, while the mixed sulfides with x = 0.20 and 0.25 showed semiconducting behavior, which however could not be described by any of the models reported in the literature. The band gap energies of 2.40 and 2.39 eV calculated for the two preparations showed that at this composition the material was dominated by the behavior of CdS. The activation energies estimated from the dependence of the solids conductivity on the temperature supported these results. Measurements of the current density at the preparations (x = 0.20 and 0.25) −polypyrrole and Al junctions yielded low values. More promising behavior was shown by the mixed sulfide−polypyrrole junctions, which yielded relatively higher current densities and higher stability.
Effect of Cluster Surface Energies on Secondary-Ion-Intensity Distributions from Ionic Crystals (1981)

Ultrahigh-mass cluster ions ($\frac{m}{z}&gt;18000$) of the type ${[M{(\mathrm{MX})}_{n}]}^{+}$ have been produced by xenon-ion bombardment of CsI and detected by a high-performance secondary-ion mass spectrometer. The mass spectra (ion intensity versus $n$) show anomalous behavior which is correlated with hypothesized dominance of cubiclike clusters having low surface energies.
Thrombocidins, Microbicidal Proteins from Human Blood Platelets, Are C-terminal Deletion Products of CXC Chemokines (2000)

Antibacterial proteins are components of the innate immune system found in many organisms and produced by a variety of cell types. Human blood platelets contain a number of antibacterial proteins in their alpha-granules that are released upon thrombin activation. The present study was designed to purify these proteins obtained from human platelets and to characterize them chemically and biologically. Two antibacterial proteins were purified from platelet granules in a two-step protocol using cation exchange chromatography and continuous acid urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were designated thrombocidin (TC)-1 and TC-2. Characterization of these proteins using mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing revealed that TC-1 and TC-2 are variants of the CXC chemokines neutrophil-activating peptide-2 and connective tissue-activating peptide-III, respectively. TC-1 and TC-2 differ from these chemokines by a C-terminal truncation of 2 amino acids. Both TCs, but not neutrophil-activating peptide-2 and connective tissue-activating peptide-III, were bactericidal for Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Lactococcus lactis and fungicidal for Cryptococcus neoformans. Killing of B. subtilis by either TC appeared to be very rapid. Because TCs were unable to dissipate the membrane potential of L. lactis, the mechanism of TC-mediated killing most probably does not involve pore formation.
Well-to-Wheels Greenhouse Gas Emission Analysis of High-Octane Fuels with Ethanol Blending: Phase II Analysis with Refinery Investment Options (2016)

Higher-octane gasoline can enable increases in an internal combustion engine’s energy efficiency and a vehicle’s fuel economy by allowing an increase in the engine compression ratio and/or by enabling downspeeding and downsizing. Producing high-octane fuel (HOF) with the current level of ethanol blending (E10) could increase the energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions intensity of the fuel product from refinery operations. Alternatively, increasing the ethanol blending level in final gasoline products could be a promising solution to HOF production because of the high octane rating and potentially low blended Reid vapor pressure (RVP) of ethanol at 25% and higher of the ethanol blending level by volume. In our previous HOF well-to-wheels (WTW) report (the so-called phase I report of the HOF WTW analysis), we conducted WTW analysis of HOF with different ethanol blending levels (i.e., E10, E25, and E40) and a range of vehicle efficiency gains with detailed petroleum refinery linear programming (LP) modeling by Jacobs Consultancy and showed that the overall WTW GHG emission changes associated with HOFVs were dominated by the positive impact associated with vehicle efficiency gains and ethanol blending levels, while the refining operations to produce gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (BOB) for various HOF blend levels had a much smaller impact on WTW GHG emissions (Han et al. 2015). The scope of the previous phase I study, however, was limited to evaluating PADDs 2 and 3 operation changes with various HOF market share scenarios and ethanol blending levels. Also, the study used three typical configuration models of refineries (cracking, light coking, and heavy coking) in each PADD, which may not be representative of the aggregate response of all refineries in each PADD to various ethanol blending levels and HOF market scenarios. Lastly, the phase I study assumed no new refinery expansion in the existing refineries, which limited E10 HOF production to the volume achievable by the cracking refinery configuration. To be able to satisfy large market demands of E10 HOF, that study arbitrarily relaxed the RVP requirements by replacing reformulated gasoline (RFG) RVP requirement of 7 psi in summer with conventional gasoline (CG) RVP requirement of 9 psi in summer. To examine the response by all refineries in major refinery regions, this phase II of the HOF WTW analysis employed regionally aggregated refinery models for the following six regions: PADDs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 excluding California (CA) and CA separately. Using aggregate refinery models, this phase II study examined the impacts of ethanol blending and HOF market shares on the refinery operations in these six regions. Also, this study included refinery expansion to produce a pre-determined HOF volume with 10% ethanol blending. In particular, this study examined several refinery expansion options using refinery configuration models to investigate a practical refinery response to the increase in E10 HOF market demand.
Comparison of the Regulation of the Whey Acidic Protein Gene with that of a Hybrid Gene Containing the Whey Acidic Protein Gene Promoter in Transgenic Mice (1988)

The developmentally and hormonally regulated expression of the mouse whey acidic protein (WAP) gene and a hybrid gene containing the WAP gene promoter and a cDNA for human tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) were studied in a line of transgenic mice. During mammary gland development from the mature virgin state to the seventh day of lactation, the relative concentration of WAP mRNA increased about 10(4)-fold, the increase being most pronounced between days 14 and 16 of gestation. In mammary gland organ culture from virgin and midpregnant animals, the concerted actions of insulin, hydrocortisone, and PRL were required to increase WAP mRNA levels. Steady state levels of transcripts from the WAP-tPA hybrid gene increased about 100-fold during pregnancy; this occurred mainly around day 10 of gestation. Insulin, hydrocortisone, and PRL were necessary to maintain the levels of WAP-tPA RNA in explants from virgin and pregnant animals, but could not further elevate it. The results suggest that the WAP gene promoter and upstream region contains some, but perhaps not all elements conferring developmental and hormone regulated expression of the mouse WAP gene.
Practical Calculation Method of Circulating Current Loss for Large Turbine Generator Designs (2003)

In this paper, the authors describe a practical calculation method of armature strand current distributions and circulating current losses for large turbine generators. A chain of analysis is made up of automatic mesh generation, a quasi three-dimensional linkage flux calculation and an armature strand network calculation. The calculated total armature coil losses for a 200MVA class turbine generator shows good agreement with detailed calculation results obtained by full three-dimensional magnetic field analysis.
Photonic arbitrary waveform generator (2009)

An arbitrary waveform generator is demonstrated using WDM fiber-optic components. Cross-gain modulation method in a semiconductor optical amplifier is implemented to convert 3-bit digital words to an arbitrary analog waveform at a rate of 3 Gb/s.
A Performance Comparison of Mobile WiMAX Spectrums: 2.5 GHz vs. 3.65 GHz (2012)

Mobile WiMAX is a popular broadband solution with diverse applications. In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) currently issues licenses for Mobile WiMAX in several frequency bands, of which 2.5 GHz and 3.65 GHz are the most prevalent. A significant amount of research has been conducted in the domain of 2.5 GHz due to its widespread commercial use. However, no such work - academic or industrial - has been reported for 3.65 GHz, in spite of it being a more favorable option for many applications, particularly because of its licensing requirements. In this paper, we present a comprehensive comparison of these two frequency bands in order to provide benchmark results for use by network planners, engineers and researchers. Our analysis indicates that, while 2.5 GHz Mobile WiMAX generally offers a larger coverage area, the attractive licensing options for 3.65 GHz may present an interesting alternative for many deployment scenarios and applications.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Opposing Effects of Pigment Epithelium–Derived Factor on Breast Cancer Cell versus Neuronal Survival: Implication for Brain Metastasis and Metastasis-Induced Brain Damage (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 4.9MB&lt;/p&gt;
Barclays de Zoete Wedd's TRADE system (2002)

TRADE, an automatic order execution facility for trading securities in Britain, is discussed. The system was developed; by the British securities house Barclays de Zoete Wedd (BZW) and was unveiled in June 1988. BZW supplies terminal software and a network connection to its customers (generally small brokerage houses and money managers). Users can look at current market prices and execute trades at touch (best bid and ask quotes) in over 1450 stocks and 95 government bonds. TRADE capabilities and benefits are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthese von (2,3‐Epoxy‐4‐oxoalkyl)phosphonsäureestern aus (1‐Formylalkyl)phosphonaten (1988)

Abstract Ausgehend von den (1‐Formylalkyl)phosphonsäureestern 1 können die bisher unbekannten trans ‐(2,3‐Epoxy‐4‐oxoalkyl)phosphonate 5 auf zwei Wegen hergestellt werden: Verbindungen des Typs 5b–e und 5k mit R 1 = R 2 = H oder Me und R 3 = Alkyl sind in sehr guten Ausbeuten durch Wittig‐Reaktion mit (2‐Oxoalkyliden)triphenylphosphoranen 2 und Epoxidierung der resultierenden [( E )‐4‐Oxo‐2‐alkenyl]phosphonate 3 zu erhalten; Verbindungen wie 3h–j (R 1 = Alkyl, Aryl, R 2 = H) isomerisieren beim Olefinierungsschritt teilweise zu den 1‐Alkenylphosphonaten 4 , Aroyl‐Derivate wie 3f (R 3 = Ph) dimerisieren unter Baseneinfluß sehr leicht zu 6 . Expoxide mit diesen Substituenten (z.B. 5h,f ) können ebenso wie auch die nach dem ersten Weg zugänglichen Vertreter durch Umsetzung von 1 mit den Sn(II)‐Enolaten von α‐Bromketonen 7 und Cyclisierung der resultierenden Bromhydrine 8 erhalten werden.
Adaptive beamforming and direction-finding algorithms for wcdma (2010)

Beamforming is one of the popular techniques for suppressing cochannel interference in wireless communication systems, especially for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) based systems where the transmitted signals share the same frequencies. Although the physical channels are designed to be transmitted using orthogonal codes, time dispersion and frequency-selective fading in the transmission channel severely degrade this orthogonality at the receiver. As a result, the physical channels within a target base station appear as interference coming the same direction as the pilot signal, and thus cause poor performance of a pilot-only training-based beamformer. In order to mitigate this effect, we propose a semiblind beamformer algorithm that jointly exploits the pilot signal and other physical channel signals. This approach suppresses the self-interference within the same base station, leads to more accurate cochannel signal separation, and thus improves the performance compared to a conventional pilot-only trained beamformer. Moreover, a constant modulus constraint with a least-squares formulation and a cyclodespreader can be combined with the semiblind approach to refine the antenna weights. 
A direction-finding algorithm using a reversed antenna array with training by a pilot signal is also proposed in this dissertation. The direction-of-arrival (DOA) of a signal of interest is computed from an estimate of the phase difference between a conventional beamformer and a second parallel beamformer with the received signals in reversed position. The proposed receiver is not restricted by the number of signals and thus provides accurate DOA estimation when there is high cochannel interference. In addition, a blind version (without pilot signals) of the reversed array algorithm is presented and compared with two other phase-shift-based DOA estimators: the constant modulus array and a subarray approach, both of which also operate blindly.
ChemInform Abstract: A TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF NATURAL 20(S)‐CAMPTOTHECIN (1975)

Abstract Aus Acridin (I) entsteht über eone Ozonolyse das Diol (IIa), das zum Dimesylat (IIb) und Dibromid (IIc) umgesetzt und zum Amin (III) cyclisiert wird.
Using smart cards to authenticate passwords (1993)

A password authentication scheme which can verify remote passwords without the use of a verification table is presented. Each user possesses a smart card which is used for login and authentication, as introduced by A. Shamir (1985). During the login, the user types in his identity and the password associated with his smart card, along with the identity of the other user with whom he wishes to communicate. The smartcard uses a signature scheme to check whether or not the login can be accepted. As well as modifying Shamir's algorithm for the signature scheme checking by using a theorem about relatively prime numbers, one also adds communication timestamps to prevent replaying of a previously intercepted login request.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis of some Thiochromone Derivatives and Activity Against <I>Plasmodium falciparum</I> In-vitro (1999)

A series of thiochromone derivatives were synthesized from 3-cyano-2-methylthio-1-thiocromone with hydrazine and guanidine derivatives, and tested for antimalarial activity. Pyrimethamine was used as a reference drug.



3-Amino-[1]-benzothiopyran-[2,3-c]-pyrazol-4-one showed significant antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum in-vitro. The remaining compounds had only modest activity.
High Power Oblique Incidence HF Ionospheric Modification (1990)

Abstract : To successfully perform the proposed ionospheric modification experiment (IONMOD) it is necessary to establish the range of the expected changes in the ionosphere, the parameters that offer the greatest likelihood of detection of these changes and the systems that can best carry out the appropriate measurements to detect them. The distributed region of the ionosphere is modeled as a spherical depletion region of varying depth and size. Three dimensional numerical ray tracing is then used to determine the expected magnitude and location of the amplitude and arrival angle deviations. These calculations indicate rather small changes, of the order of 3 dB in amplitude and about 0.5 deg in the elevation angle, with even smaller changes in the azimuth arrival angle. This leads to strong requirements for the measuring system in terms of antenna design and the signal to noise that must be achieved. Consider the basic concept of a probe system to make the required amplitude and arrival angle measurements. Such a system will be based upon the real time calculation of the Doppler spectrum of the signal on each antenna of the system and use the measured phase difference on each line in the spectrum, as an interferometer, to determine the arrival angle and amplitude. The requirements are determined for the signal to noise ration that will permit the measurements with sufficient accuracy. The results indicate that sufficient measurement sensitivity of the probe system can be achieved with a transmitter power of 100 W continuous and an antenna pre-amplifier (with a low noise front end) properly designed to be atmospherically noise limited. (JHD)
A New Diagnostic Approach to Assessing Tissue Changes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mice Using “LASMA ST” Device (2022)

For the first time, LASMA ST, a device for laser diagnostic, was adapted for preclinical studies on laboratory db/db mouse genetic models of type 2 diabetes. The proposed method for studying of tissue changes during diabetes mellitus consists in a simultaneous control of microcirculation compartments: blood and lymph flow and oxidative coenzymes. The presented approach is characterized by a high informational value, safety and objectivity, as well as by the possibility of dynamic monitoring and obtaining online data on tissue metabolism (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - NADH and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide - FAD).
One‐year clinical evaluation of three dentine bonding agents (1993)

One hundred and twenty-five composite restorations were placed in non-undercut, non-enamel-etched Class V abrasion lesions in 20 patients using the dentine bonding agents Scotchbond 2, Tripton, and Prisma Universal Bond 2. Patients were recalled at approximately 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. After 1 year the cumulative per cent survival of restorations was Scotchbond 2, 8 per cent; Scotchbond 2 with dentine roughening, 16 per cent; Tripton, 16 per cent; Prisma Universal Bond 2, 75 per cent.
The Effect of Different Rehydration Drinks on Post-Exercise Electrolyte Excretion in Trained Athletes (1998)

Eight well-trained cyclists were dehydrated (median [P25-P75 percentiles]) 3.21 [2.97-3.56]% of body mass by cycling in the heat (28 C). During the first 2 h of recovery, the subjects randomly ingested ad libitum either a caffeinated soft drink (CC), a low Na+ mineral water (MW), or an isotonic carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES). Fluid intake and urine loss amounted respectively to 2.77 [2.34-2.85] kg, 1.00 [0.82-1.20] kg for CC, 2.15 [1.86-2.79] kg, 0.96 [0.40-1.49] kg for MW, and 2.86 [2.15-3.58] kg, 1.10 [0.86- 1.50] kg for CES. Electrolyte retention was calculated from electrolyte intake with the drink and loss with the urine. Consumption of CC and MW which were low in electrolytes resulted in marked loss of Na+, K+, Cl-, Mg2+ and Ca2+. Consumption of CES resulted in Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ retention while K+ and Cl- loss were not influenced. The significantly lower Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ loss with CES compared to both CC and MW may be explained by its higher electrolyte content in CES, compared to CC and MW, which only had minor amounts of these electrolytes. Furthermore, it was shown that CC potentiated urinary Mg2+ and Ca2+ excretion. It is concluded that: 1) Post-exercise MW or CC ingestion results in a negative electrolyte balance, 2) Caffeine containing beverages potentiate Mg2+ and Ca2+ excretion; 3) Consumption of CES containing moderate amounts of Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ results in sufficient replacement to compensate for urinary losses.
Beadex encodes an LMO protein that regulates Apterous LIM–homeodomain activity in Drosophila wing development: a model for LMO oncogene function (1998)

Formation of the dorsal-ventral axis of the Drosophila wing depends on activity of the LIM-homeodomain protein Apterous (Ap). Here we report that Ap activity levels are modulated by dLMO, the protein encoded by the Beadex (Bx) gene. Overexpression of dLMO in Bx mutants interferes with Apterous function. Conversely, Bx loss-of-function mutants fail to down-regulate Apterous activity at late stages of wing development. Biochemical analysis shows that dLMO protein competes for binding of Apterous to its cofactor Chip. These data suggest that Apterous activity depends on formation of a functional complex with Chip and that the relative levels of dLMO, Apterous, and Chip determine the level of Apterous activity. The dominant interference mechanism of dLMO action may serve as a model for the mechanism by which LMO oncogenes cause cancer when misexpressed in T cells.
Weldability of Steels (1990)

Abstract This article aims to survey the factors controlling the weldability of carbon and low-alloy steels in arc welding. It discusses the influence of operational parameters, thermal cycles, and metallurgical factors on weld metal transformations and the susceptibility to hot and cold cracking. The article addresses the basic principles that affect the weldability of carbon and low-alloy steels. It outlines the characteristic features of welds and the metallurgical factors that affect weldability. It describes the common tests to determine steel weldability. There are various types of tests for determining the susceptibility of the weld joint to different types of cracking during fabrication, including restraint tests, externally loaded tests, underbead cracking tests, and lamellar tearing tests. Weldability tests are conducted to provide information on the service and performance of welds. The major tests that are discussed in this article are weld tension test, bend test, the drop-weight test, the Charpy V-notch test, the crack tip opening displacement test, and stress-corrosion cracking test.