gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flight delay causality: Machine learning technique in conjunction with random parameter statistical analysis (2022)

The consequences of flight delay can significantly impact airports’ on‐time performance and airline operations, which have a strong positive correlation with passenger satisfaction. Thus, an accurate investigation of the variables that cause delays is of main importance in decision-making processes. Although statistical models have been traditionally used in flight delay analysis, the presence of unobserved heterogeneity in flight data has been less discussed. This study carried out an empirical analysis to investigate the potential unobserved heterogeneity and the impact of significant variables on flight delay using two modeling approaches. First, preliminary insight into potential significant variables was obtained through a random parameter logit model (also known as the mixed logit model). Then, a Support Vector Machines (SVM) model trained by the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm, was employed to explore the non-linear relationship between flight delay outcomes and causal factors. The data-driven analysis was conducted using three-month flight arrival data from Miami International Airport (MIA). A variable impact analysis was also conducted considering the black-box characteristic of the SVM and compared to the effects of variables indented through the random parameter logit modeling framework. While a large unobserved heterogeneity was observed, the impacts of various explanatory variables were examined in terms of flight departure performance, geographical specification of the origin airport, day of month and day of week of the flight, cause of delay, and gate information. The comprehensive assessment of the contributing factors proposed in this study provides invaluable insights into flight delay modeling and analysis.
Individual Control of Characteristics of Vertically Stacked Silicon Quantum Dots (2023)

An individual readout method of vertically stacked silicon quantum bits is investigated in measurements and simulation. It is confirmed by measurement that the quantum dot characteristics in single layer quantum dots are well controlled by the global top gate. It also found by simulation that the characteristics of two quantum dots in vertically stacked silicon quantum dots are also individually controlled by the global top gate.
The trans‐sialidase from the african trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei (2002)

Trypanosoma brucei is the cause of the diseases known as sleeping sickness in humans (T. brucei ssp. gambiense and ssp. rhodesiense) and ngana in domestic animals (T. brucei brucei) in Africa. Procyclic trypomastigotes, the tsetse vector stage, express a surface-bound trans-sialidase that transfers sialic acid to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor of procyclin, a surface glycoprotein covering the parasite surface. Trans-sialidase is a unique enzyme expressed by a few trypanosomatids that allows them to scavenge sialic acid from sialylated compounds present in the infected host. The only enzyme extensively characterized is that of the American trypanosome T. cruzi (TcTS). In this work we identified and characterized the gene encoding the trans-sialidase from T. brucei brucei (TbTS). TbTS genes are present at a small copy number, at variance with American trypanosomes where a large gene family is present. The recombinant TbTS protein has both sialidase and trans-sialidase activity, but it is about 10 times more efficient in transferring than in hydrolysing sialic acid. Its N-terminus contains a region of 372 amino acids that is 45% identical to the catalytic domain of TcTS and contains the relevant residues required for catalysis. The enzymatic activity of mutants at key positions involved in the transfer reaction revealed that the catalytic sites of TcTS and TbTS are likely to be similar, but are not identical. As in the case of TcTS and TrSA, the substitution of a conserved tryptophanyl residue changed the substrate specificity rendering a mutant protein capable of hydrolysing both alpha-(2,3) and alpha-(2,6)-linked sialoconjugates.
Two Pine Endo-β-1,4-Glucanases Are Associated with Rapidly Growing Reproductive Structures (1998)

Two cDNA clones encoding endo-beta-1,4-glucanases (EGases) were isolated from a radiata pine (Pinus radiata) cDNA library prepared from immature female strobili. The cDNAs PrCel1 (inus adiata cellulase ) and PrCel2 encode proteins 509 and 515 amino acids in length, respectively, including putative signal peptides. Both proteins contain domains conserved in plant and bacterial EGases. The proteins PRCEL1 and PRCEL2 showed strong similarity to each other (76% amino acid identity), and higher similarity to TPP18 (73 and 67%, respectively), an EGase cloned from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) pistils, than to any other reported EGases. Northern-blot analyses indicated that both genes displayed a similar pattern of expression. The only significant difference was in the level of expression. In situ hybridizations were used to demonstrate that, within differentiating pine reproductive structures, PrCel1 expression was greatest in microsporangia in pollen strobili and near the developing ovule in the seed strobili. Expression was also found in vegetative tissues, especially in regions experiencing cell elongation, such as the elongating region of root tips. Both proteins have an ability to degrade carboxymethylcellulose in vitro. Genomic-blot analysis indicated the presence of a family of EGase genes in the radiata pine genome, and that PrCel1 and PrCel2 are transcribed from distinct one-copy genes.
Launch-on-Shift-Capture Transition Tests (2008)

The two most popular transition tests are launch-on-shift (LOS) test and launch-on-capture (LOC) test. The LOS and LOC tests differ in their launch mechanisms, creating their own pros and cons. In this paper, new hybrids of LOS and LOC tests that launch transitions using both launch mechanisms are introduced. The new transition tests improved fault coverage without significant test length penalty. This paper presents the concepts and pattern generation methods of these new transition tests as well as experimental results that demonstrate the benefits of these tests.
Lower Defect Photomasks Using Focused Ion Beam (Fib) Repair (1987)

The characteristics of a photomask repaired with a focused ion beam (FIB) are described. The edge-placement accuracy of the repair is +0.1 um, while the edge roughness is almost negligible for both clear and opaque repairs. Less than 3% of the repair sites are captured on an automatic photomask inspection system. Correlation between linewidth measurements on the photomask and wafers printed on a projection aligner show that variations of the line-edge are well within the +0.1 um placement accuracy of the FIB repair system. This means that truly zero-defect plates are possible with repair CD&apos;s the same as the lithography CD&apos;s.
Partial Hydrogenation of Soybean Oil with Minimal Trans Fat Production Using a Pt‐Decorated Polymeric Membrane Reactor (2008)

Abstract Partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils is carried out to improve the chemical stability and raise the melting point to produce semi‐solid products such as margarine. Trans fatty acids formed during traditional hydrogenation have come under intense scrutiny with regard to human health. Here we report partial hydrogenation of soybean oil using a high performance integral‐asymmetric polyetherimide membrane sputtered with platinum to deliver hydrogen directly to or near the catalytic sites. Oil flows past the platinum‐coated “skin” side of the membrane while dissolved molecular and some atomic hydrogen is supplied from the highly porous substructure of the membrane. The membrane has a high hydrogen flux but is essentially impermeable to soybean oil. Hydrogenation using our metal/polymer catalytic composite membrane produced oil with only 4 wt.% total trans fatty acids and 14.5 wt.% C18:0 saturates at IV of 95 while the conventional Pt/C slurry reactor produced more than 10 wt.% TFA and the same amount of C18:0 saturates under similar conditions of temperature and pressure. Our concept requires hydrogen pressures of only about 65 psi and temperatures near 70 °C. The polymeric base membranes used here have been mass produced and can be packaged in spiral wound modules. The relatively mild reaction conditions and the direct pathway to produce useful membrane modules combine to make our concept promising for near‐term application.
Simultaneous Determination of Candesartan Cilexetil Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide by by High-Performance Performance Liquid Chromatography (2008)

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for simultaneous determination of candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide in binary mixtures and in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Active substances were separated by gradient system in the mobile phase, consisting of acetonitrile and 0.02M sodium acetate. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1 mL/min. Separation was achieved on Kromasil 100 C18 column (4.6 mm i.d. × x 25 cm length, 5 µm). Detection was carried out using UV detector set at 265 nm. The detector response was linear in the range of 16- – 200 ng/injection (10 µl) for candesartan cilexetil and 12.5- – 1250 ng/injection (10 µl) for hydrochlorothiazide. The relative standard deviation of the recovered amounts of candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide were 0.27 and 0.60%, respectively. The limit of detections were 4 ± 0.05 and 5 ± 0.06 ng/injection for hydrochlorothiazide and, candesartan, respectively. The method was
Compact low-voltage power-efficient operational amplifier cells for VLSI (1998)

Compact low-voltage power-efficient operational amplifiers are described that are very suitable as very-large-scale-integration library cells because of the small die area of 0.08 mm/sup 2/ and the minimum supply voltage of 1.8 V. A key part of the circuit is the rail-to-rail class-AB output stage with folded mesh feedback control that combines power efficiency with operation down to 1.8 V and allows sufficient gain in a compact two-stage topology. A version with rail-to-rail input stage features a rail-to-rail input range for supply voltages down to 2.5 V. The dc gain of the op amps is more than 80 db while driving 10 k/spl Omega/, and the unity-gain frequency is 4 MHz with phase margin of 67/spl deg/ while driving 5 pF. The equivalent input noise voltage is 38 nV//spl radic/(Hz) at a frequency of 100 kHz. The amplifiers have been implemented in a standard digital 1.6-/spl mu/m complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process.
HIV INFECTION IN CADAVERIC RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS IN THE NORTH ITALY TRANSPLANT PROGRAM (1989)

POLI, FRANCESCA; SCALAMOGNA, MARIO; PIZZI, CLAUDIA; MOZZI, FULVIO; SlRCHIA, GlROLAMO Author Information
Hybrid Pr/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifier comprising of fluoride and chalcogenide glasses (2002)

Summary form only given. We have proposed a novel configuration of Pr/sup 3+/-doped fluoride/chalcogenide glass fibre amplifier which realizes a flat output spectrum and higher output power in the 1290-1330-nm wavelength region.
A theoretical and experimental comparison of directly and externally modulated fiber-optic links (2003)

Analytic models of directly and externally modulated fiber-optic links were derived and experimentally confirmed. The models were used to optimize the operating parameters of fiber-optic links. Experimental measurements on these optimized links indicated net incremental link power gains of +3 dB for direct modulation and +11 dB for external modulation. The implications of these optimizations for other measures of link performance, such as bandwidth and noise figure, are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Carboxyl Terminus of Rtt109 Functions in Chaperone Control of Histone Acetylation (2013)

Rtt109 is a fungal histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that catalyzes histone H3 acetylation functionally associated with chromatin assembly. Rtt109-mediated H3 acetylation involves two histone chaperones, Asf1 and Vps75. In vivo, Rtt109 requires both chaperones for histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) but only Asf1 for full H3K56ac. In vitro, Rtt109-Vps75 catalyzes both H3K9ac and H3K56ac, whereas Rtt109-Asf1 catalyzes only H3K56ac. In this study, we extend the in vitro chaperone-associated substrate specificity of Rtt109 by showing that it acetylates vertebrate linker histone in the presence of Vps75 but not Asf1. In addition, we demonstrate that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae a short basic sequence at the carboxyl terminus of Rtt109 (Rtt109C) is required for H3K9ac in vivo. Furthermore, through in vitro and in vivo studies, we demonstrate that Rtt109C is required for optimal H3K56ac by the HAT in the presence of full-length Asf1. When Rtt109C is absent, Vps75 becomes important for H3K56ac by Rtt109 in vivo. In addition, we show that lysine 290 (K290) in Rtt109 is required in vivo for Vps75 to enhance the activity of the HAT. This is the first in vivo evidence for a role for Vps75 in H3K56ac. Taken together, our results contribute to a better understanding of chaperone control of Rtt109-mediated H3 acetylation.
Protein Phosphorylation Dynamics Under Carbon/Nitrogen-Nutrient Stress and Identification of a Cell Death-Related Receptor-Like Kinase in Arabidopsis (2020)

Nutrient availability, in particular the availability of sugar [carbon (C)] and nitrogen (N), is important for the regulation of plant metabolism and development. In addition to independent utilization of C and N nutrients, plants sense and respond to the balance of C and N nutrients (C/N-nutrient) available to them. High C/low N-nutrient stress has been shown to arrest early post-germinative growth while promoting progression to senescence in Arabidopsis. Although several signaling components of the C/N-nutrient response have been identified, the inclusive molecular basis of plant C/N-nutrient response remains unclear. This proteome analysis evaluated phosphorylation dynamics in response to high C/low N-nutrient stress. Phosphoproteomics under conditions of C/N-nutrient stress showed a global change in the phosphorylation status of proteins, including plasma membrane H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase, carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzymes and signaling proteins such as protein kinases and transcription factors. Further analyses suggested that SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is involved in primary C/N-nutrient signal mediation via the transcriptional regulation of C/N-regulatory kinases. We also identified a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase with extracellular malectin-like domain, named as LMK1, which was shown to possess cell death induction activity in plant leaves. These results provide important insight into the C/N-nutrient signaling pathways connecting nutrition stress to various cellular and physiological processes in plants.
Ultra Tightly Coupled Position and Attitude Determination with Mitigation of Temporally Correlated Signals using an Antenna-Array (2022)

A conventional Phase-Locked-Loop (PLL) is not able to distinguish between temporally correlated signals. Instead, the loop will track the sum of those signals. This is obstructive for position estimation based on carrier-phase measurements. In this case a multipath or spoofing signal will cause so called cycle-slips. Promising methods to distinguish between temporally correlated signals are based on the spatial domain. The recent proposed method to estimate the attitude and position in presence of spoofing and jamming signals using an antenna-array will be extended in such a way that the estimation will be tightly integrated into the tracking loop. Since the proposed method is able to distinguish between authentic and spoofing signals based on their spatial information, the carrier phase of the authentic signal can be tracked exclusively, whereas the conventional PLL would have tracked the summation of both signals. Cycle-slips due to temporally signals are, therefore, less likely.
ApoA-I-binding Protein (AI-BP) and its Homologues hYjeF_N2 and hYjeF_N3 Comprise the YjeF_N Domain Protein Family in Humans with a Role in Spermiogenesis and Oogenesis (2007)

The screening for additional human YjeF_N domain containing proteins beside the apolipoprotein A-I interacting protein (AI-BP), identified two other genes designated hYjeF_N2-15q23 (formerly human homologue of yeast edc3) and hYjeF_N3-19p13.11 comprising the human YjeF_N family. AI-BP is ubiquitously expressed, with a predominance of these tissues where the homologues were found to be restricted including brain, mammary gland, testes and ovaries. Immunohistochemistry of human testes and ovaries showed an expression of hYjeF_N3-19p13.11 only in Leydig cells and theca cells, respectively, indicating a role in steroid hormone metabolism. Interestingly, the protein was also strongly expressed in Leydig cell tumors and in thecofibromas. The identification of hYjeF_N2-15q23 in theca cells and granulosa cells in ovaries, in human spermatids of meiotic division part II and the apical membrane of Sertoli cells in testes suggest similar functions in oogenesis and sperm maturation which is strengthened by the identification of the spermatogenesis regulator HMGA1 as a conserved transcription factor. However, in contrast to AI-BP, both homologous proteins are unable to bind apoA-I. These results relate the human YjeF_N domain containing protein family to cholesterol processing and steroid hormone metabolism in spermiogenesis and oogenesis, and AI-BP may link this function to the HDL pathway.
Macrophage polarization and HIV-1 infection (2009)

Polarization of MP into classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2a, M2b, and M2c) macrophages is critical in mediating an effective immune response against invading pathogens. However, several pathogens use these activation pathways to facilitate dissemination and pathogenesis. Viruses generally induce an M1-like phenotype during the acute phase of infection. In addition to promoting the development of Th1 responses and IFN production, M1 macrophages often produce cytokines that drive viral replication and tissue damage. As shown for HIV-1, polarization can also alter macrophage susceptibility to infection. In vitro polarization into M1 cells prevents HIV-1 infection, and M2a polarization inhibits viral replication at a post-integration level. M2a cells also express high levels of C-type lectins that can facilitate macrophage-mediated transmission of HIV-1 to CD4(+) T cells. Macrophages are particularly abundant in mucosal membranes and unlike DCs, do not usually migrate to distal tissues. As a result, macrophages are likely to contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis in mucosal rather than lymphatic tissues. In vivo polarization of MP is likely to span a spectrum of activation phenotypes that may change the permissivity to and alter the outcome of HIV-1 and other viral infections.
Conformational Changes Associated with Receptor-stimulated Guanine Nucleotide Exchange in a Heterotrimeric G-protein α-Subunit (2006)

Solution NMR studies of a (15)N-labeled G-protein alpha-subunit (G(alpha)) chimera ((15)N-ChiT)-reconstituted heterotrimer have shown previously that G-protein betagamma-subunit (G(betagamma)) association induces a "pre-activated" conformation that likely facilitates interaction with the agonist-activated form of a G-protein-coupled receptor (R*) and guanine nucleotide exchange (Abdulaev, N. G., Ngo, T., Zhang, C., Dinh, A., Brabazon, D. M., Ridge, K. D., and Marino, J. P. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 38071-38080). Here we demonstrated that the (15)N-ChiT-reconstituted heterotrimer can form functional complexes under NMR experimental conditions with light-activated, detergent-solubilized rhodopsin (R*), as well as a soluble mimic of R*. NMR methods were used to track R*-triggered guanine nucleotide exchange and release of guanosine 5'-O-3-thiotriphosphate (GTPgammaS)/Mg(2+)-bound ChiT. A heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectrum of R*-generated GTPgammaS/Mg(2+)-bound ChiT revealed (1)HN, (15)N chemical shift changes relative to GDP/Mg(2+)-bound ChiT that were similar, but not identical, to those observed for the GDP.AlF(4)(-)/Mg(2+)-bound state. Line widths observed for R*-generated GTPgammaS/Mg(2+)-bound (15)N-ChiT, however, indicated that it is more conformationally dynamic relative to the GDP/Mg(2+)- and GDP.AlF(4)(-)/Mg(2+)-bound states. The increased dynamics appeared to be correlated with G(betagamma) and R* interactions because they are not observed for GTPgammaS/Mg(2+)-bound ChiT generated independently of R*. In contrast to R*, a soluble mimic that does not catalytically interact with G-protein (Abdulaev, N. G., Ngo, T., Chen, R., Lu, Z., and Ridge, K. D. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 39354-39363) is found to form a stable complex with the GTPgammaS/Mg(2+)-exchanged heterotrimer. The HSQC spectrum of (15)N-ChiT in this complex displays a unique chemical shift pattern that nonetheless shares similarities with the heterotrimer and GTPgammaS/Mg(2+)-bound ChiT. Overall, these results demonstrated that R*-induced changes in G(alpha) can be followed by NMR and that guanine nucleotide exchange can be uncoupled from heterotrimer dissociation.
Nucleated deliquescence of salt (2002)

We have studied deliquescence on the (001) face of single crystals of NaCl and find that it is a nucleated phenomenon. The phase transition occurs only after the relative humidity exceeds that found over the saturated solution by at least 5%. The contrast between our observations and previous measurements using salt powders or crystallites leads us to the conclusion that deliquescence is controlled by the differences in energy required to solvate ions from the smooth (001) face and from the defect-rich surfaces of particulate samples.
Ultimate behavior and ultimate load capacity of steel cable-stayed bridges (2007)

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the ultimate behavior of steel cable-stayed bridges with design variables and compare the validity and applicability of computational methods for evaluating ultimate load capacity of cable-stayed bridges. The methods considered in this paper are elastic buckling analysis, inelastic buckling analysis and nonlinear elasto-plastic analysis. Elastic buckling analysis uses a numerical eigenvalue calculation without considering geometric nonlinearities of cable-stayed bridges and the inelastic material behavior of main components. Inelastic buckling analysis uses an iterative eigenvalue calculation to consider inelastic material behavior, but cannot consider geometric nonlinearities of cable-stayed bridges. The tangent modulus concept with the column strength curve prescribed in AASHTO LRFD is used to consider inelastic buckling behavior. Detailed procedures of inelastic buckling analysis are presented and corresponding computer codes were developed. In contrast, nonlinear elasto-plastic analysis uses an incremental-iterative method and can consider both geometric nonlinearities and inelastic material behavior of a cable-stayed bridge. Proprietary software ABAQUS are used and user-subroutines are newly written to update equivalent modulus of cables to consider geometric nonlinearity due to cable sags at each increment step. Ultimate load capacities with the three analyses are evaluated for numerical models of cable-stayed bridges that have center spans of 600 m, 900 m and 1200 m with different girder depths and live load cases. The results show that inelastic buckling analysis is an effective approximation method, as a simple and fast alternative, to obtain ultimate load capacity of long span cable-stayed bridges, whereas elastic buckling analysis greatly overestimates the overall stability of cable-stayed bridges.