gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superpixel regions extraction for target detection (2015)

In this paper, an algorithm of target region detection is proposed based on superpixel segmentation in the field of computer vision which is imported to high-resolution remote sensing images for superpixel-level rather than pixel-level target detection. For the problem of massive data, redundant information and time-consuming targets searching of high-resolution remote sensing images with complex scene and large size, the region of interest (ROI) extraction strategy based on a visual saliency map detection is adopted. Second, the multidimensional description vector of local feature is constructed via superpixels obtained from simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC). Third, combine with the prior information of the target to determine the threshold of feature, from which we select the candidate superpixels belong to target. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is more effective in high-resolution remote sensing images, overcoming the situation of complex background interference and robust to the target rotation. In addition, the proposed algorithm performs favorably against the traditional sliding windows search algorithm. On one hand, significantly reduces the computing complexity of the search space, and achieves the data dimensionality reduction. On the other hand, it brings lower false probability and improves the detection accuracy.
After the Storm (1998)

After the Storm Sterling A. Brown There is a pathetic beauty in it all; O’erhead the murky, sullen rain-clouds pass, The sun’s first darting rays have pierced the mass, Just now so grim, so gray. Again the call Is heard of storm-hushed robins. Maples tall, To show the regal silver of their class, Rustle their thirst-slaked leaves and on the grass, Drenched into higher color, some last drops fall. ‘Tis like that heart, whose happiness excelled All others, which, with its gay threshold crossed At last by sorrow’s gloom, has fitly learned To stifle throes of pain, has ne’er rebelled In angry bitterness, has merely turned Gayness to pathos, with no beauty lost. Copyright © 1998 Charles H. Rowell
Healthcare for children and adolescents in Poland (2020)

Despite the constant tendency to decrease the number of births, children and adolescents account for one-fifth of the Polish population. Healthcare for children is free and it is organized similarly to the care for adult patients. In primary healthcare, children can be under the medical care of general practitioners, family physicians or pediatricians. In secondary and tertiary care, pediatricians or physicians with pediatric subspecialties provide medical services. The number of pediatricians and nurses is not sufficient and still differs from the European average. Nonetheless, population health indicators (e.g. infant mortality rate) are constantly improving, and despite the strong influence of the anti-vaccine movements, 90% of children are vaccinated according to the schedule.
Structural Fire Resistance Design of Wood Beams and Columns: A Comparison of European and North American Practices (1993)

North American and Eurocode design methods for fire-resistive exposed wood members provide a very good example of the translation of research into practical engineering design procedures. Assuming identical loads, the North American design method for beams yields results that are very close to those of the European methods. For columns, the North American method overestimates fire endurance times if failure is due to bucking, while underestimating the fire endurance of short columns exposed from 4 sides. More detailed comparisons between the two design methods and experimental data are needed before recommendations can be made on how to resolve the discrepancies.
Unified System for Processing Real and Simulated Data in the ATLAS Experiment (2015)

The physics goals of the next Large Hadron Collider run include high precision tests of the Standard Model and searches for new physics. These goals require detailed comparison of data with computational models simulating the expected data behavior. To highlight the role which modeling and simulation plays in future scientific discovery, we report on use cases and experience with a unified system built to process both real and simulated data of growing volume and variety.
Filtering XML content for publication and presentation on the web (2011)

In this paper we describe a tool for imposing constraints in the content of webpages. This tool can be used in one of two ways, by imposing constraints on content previously to its dissemination on a website or by imposing constraints on content which is being presented to users inside a local area network. The tool allows the composition of constraints either visually or manually for removing, replacing or even blocking content from publication and presentation. This tool relies on a highly declarative and flexible approach enabling an agile implementation of constraints.
Mode-locked multisegment resonant-optical-waveguide diode laser arrays (1993)

The first mode-locked operation of resonant optical waveguide (ROW) semiconductor laser arrays is reported. The well-behaved emission patterns of such arrays allow coupling to external cavities with efficiencies comparable to those achieved by using single-element lasers. Single- and multisegment lasers are employed to achieve active, passive, and hybrid mode-locking. The use of an arrayed gain region is effective in increasing the saturation energies of gain and absorber segments, resulting in high pulse energies. Pulses are generated that have well-suppressed secondary pulsations, with pulsewidths as short as 5.6 ps and peak powers of over 3 W in a collimated beam with a single main lobe.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Retraction: Hydrogen Peroxide as an Effective Disinfectant for Pasteurella multocida. Yonsei Med J 2014;55:1152-6 (2015)

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.4.1152.].
ChemInform Abstract: Halo‐ and Azidodediazoniation of Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates with Trimethylsilyl Halides and Trimethylsilyl Azide and Sandmeyer‐Type Bromodediazoniation with Cu(I)Br in [BMIM][PF6] Ionic Liquid. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Magnetic copper–iron nanoparticles as simple heterogeneous catalysts for the azide–alkyne click reaction in water (2012)

The development of a novel bimetallic copper–iron nanoparticle synthesis provides a recoverable heterogeneous catalyst for the azide–alkyne “click” reaction in water. The nanoparticles catalyze the production of a diverse range of triazoles, while separation and reuse proved to be easy.
Memory T cells and their exhaustive differentiation in allograft tolerance and rejection (2011)

Studies of T-cell exhaustion may reveal additional facets of the fundamental mechanisms of transplant survival. T-cell exhaustion may be an alternative way of preventing memory development. Future studies are needed to further improve our understanding of T-cell exhaustion in transplantation.
Beam quality dependent SHG using edge-emitting lasers and a 50 mm bulk PPLN crystal (2009)

In this paper we present a study of the single pass normalized second harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency as a function of the beam propagation factor M<sup>2</sup> and the beam diameter in the lateral and vertical direction. It can be shown that an increase in M<sup>2</sup> results in dramatic changes for the optimal focusing conditions, in comparison to the SHG with a Gaussian beam. Based on the results of the measurements we developed a model to simulate the focusing conditions for partial coherent beams.
T cell vaccination in multiple sclerosis: hopes and facts. (1994)

Six MS-patients were inoculated three times with autologous attenuated MBP-specific T cell clones at two month intervals. No toxic effects were observed. After the third inoculation the precursor frequency of the MBP-specific T cells dropped to undetectable levels in all patients. Injection of attenuated MBP-specific T cells gave rise to a pronounced response of anti-clonotypic T cells and a limited anti-ergotypic response. The anti-clonotypic T cells proliferated in the presence of the vaccine clones and were inhibitory and cytotoxic for the same vaccine clones. This clinical trial shows for the first time that antigen specific T cell vaccination in humans is feasible. The results obtained are highly promising for future treatments of Multiple Sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases.
The lipid phosphatase LPP3 regulates extra-embryonic vasculogenesis and axis patterning (2003)

Bioactive phospholipids, which include sphingosine-1-phosphate, lysophosphatidic acid, ceramide and their derivatives regulate a wide variety of cellular functions in culture such as proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. The availability of these lipids and their products is regulated by the lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs). Here we show that mouse embryos deficient for LPP3 fail to form a chorio-allantoic placenta and yolk sac vasculature. A subset of embryos also show a shortening of the anterior-posterior axis and frequent duplication of axial structures that are strikingly similar to the phenotypes associated with axin deficiency, a critical regulator of Wnt signaling. Loss of LPP3 results in a marked increase in beta-catenin-mediated TCF transcription, whereas elevated levels of LPP3 inhibit beta-catenin-mediated TCF transcription. LPP3 also inhibits axis duplication and leads to mild ventralization in Xenopus embryo development. Although LPP3 null fibroblasts show altered levels of bioactive phospholipids, consistent with loss of LPP3 phosphatase activity, mutant forms of LPP3, specifically lacking phosphatase activity, were able to inhibit beta-catenin-mediated TCF transcription and also suppress axis duplication, although not as effectively as intact LPP3. These results reveal that LPP3 is essential to formation of the chorio-allantoic placenta and extra-embryonic vasculature. LPP3 also mediates gastrulation and axis formation, probably by influencing the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. The exact biochemical roles of LPP3 phosphatase activity and its undefined effect on beta-catenin-mediated TCF transcription remain to be determined.
Transcriptional changes consistent with impaired neuronal differentiation, angiogenesis, and tumor plasticity induced in human subpallial telencephalic organoid-glioblastoma chimeras (2023)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and therapy-resistant brain tumors prevalent in both adults and children. Despite extensive research to understand GBM pathology, it remains unclear how neural cells in the human brain interact with GBM cells to support their brain propagation and therapy resistance and whether GBM cells exert any influence on the properties of human neural cells. In this study, we co-culture human stem cell-derived subpallial telencephalic organoids with patient-derived proneural or mesenchymal GBM spheroids to investigate their reciprocal interactions. We show that both proneural and mesenchymal GBM spheroids readily fuse and propagate with human organoids, forming organoid-GBM chimeras, without the need for exogenous growth factors. GBM cells within the chimeras adapt by modulating gene expression profiles consistent with diminished proliferation, heightened hypoxia, increased angiogenesis, and proneural-to-mesenchymal transition in proneural GBM. Both proneural or mesenchymal GBMs also exert an impact on the properties of neural cells in the chimeras, leading to the suppression of neuronal genes and an upregulation expression of genes associated with hypoxia and angiogenesis. Collectively, this study identifies specific genes and molecular pathways that can be altered in GBM and neural cells by reciprocal interactions in a human developing brain-like environment for an increased understanding of GBM pathology and future therapy development.
Defined Physicochemical Cues Steering Direct Neuronal Reprogramming on Colloidal Self-Assembled Patterns (cSAPs) (2022)

Direct neuronal reprogramming of somatic cells into induced neurons (iNs) has been recently established as a promising approach to generating neuron cells. Previous studies have reported that the biophysical cues of the <i>in vitro</i> microenvironment are potent modulators in the cell fate decision; thus, the present study explores the effects of a customized pattern (named colloidal self-assembled patterns, cSAPs) on iN generation from human fibroblasts using small molecules. The result revealed that the cSAP, composed of binary particles in a hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) geometry, is capable of improving neuronal reprogramming efficiency and steering the ratio of the iN subtypes. Cells exhibited distinct cell morphology, upregulated cell adhesion markers (i.e., SDC1 and ITGAV), enriched signaling pathways (i.e., Hippo and Wnt), and chromatin remodeling on the cSAP compared to those on the control substrates. The result also showed that the iN subtype specification on cSAP was surface-dependent; therefore, the defined physicochemical cue from each cSAP is exclusive. Our findings show that direct cell reprogramming can be manipulated through specific biophysical cues on the artificial matrix, which is significant in cell transdifferentiation and lineage conversion.
Modeling of Magnetization Dynamics Using Saturation Wavefronts (2016)

This paper presents a detailed theoretical background of the saturation wave model (SWM), which offers a simplified homogenized solution of the nonlinear diffusion phenomena inside soft magnetic steel sheets (SMSSs). The SWM is capable of predicting the complicated dynamic magnetization of SMSS without discretization of the cross section of the SMSSs. Despite its simplicity, the SWM predicts exact solutions of the discussed problems when step-like magnetization curves are assumed and reasonably accurate solutions for real magnetization curves. In this paper, the SWM is analyzed in comparison to the numerical solution of the diffusion phenomena using the parametric magnetodynamic model, where interesting properties of the SWM are discussed and pointed out.
<title>High-performance semiactive controller for structural vibration suppression</title> (1997)

This article presents an approach to vibration suppression that does not use a viscous damper. The actuator used behaves effectively as a spring with an adjustable unstressed length. By adjusting this unstressed length on-line from feedback, it is possible to obtain fast settling times and superior shock isolation characteristics. At the instants when energy in the actuator is maximized, we discard this energy as heat in the working fluid by opening a low power solenoid valve for a short time interval. This sets the unstressed length of the actuator, or effective spring, to be zero. The total energy in the vibrating structure is therefore decreased at these instants of unstressed length adjustment. Analytical results and simulations are given that demonstrate the performance of our approach.
PyNTTTTGT and CpG Immunostimulatory Oligonucleotides: Effect on Granulocyte/Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Secretion by Human CD56+ (NK and NKT) Cells (2015)

CD56 + cells have been recognized as being involved in bridging the innate and acquired immune systems. Herein, we assessed the effect of two major classes of immunostimulatory oligonucleotides (ODNs), PyNTTTTGT and CpG, on CD56 + cells. Incubation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) with some of these ODNs led to secretion of significant amounts of interferon gamma (IFN-), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) and granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), but only if interleukin 2 (IL2) was present. IMT504, the prototype of the PyNTTTTGT ODN class, was the most active. GM-CSF secretion was very efficient when non-CpG ODNs with high T content and PyNTTTTGT motifs lacking CpGs were used. On the other hand, CpG ODNs and IFN inhibited this GM-CSF secretion. Selective cell type removal from hPBMC indicated that CD56 + cells were responsible for GM-CSF secretion and that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) regulate this process. In addition, PyNTTTTGT ODNs inhibited the IFN secretion induced by CpG ODNs in PDCs by interference with the TLR9 signaling pathway. Since IFN is essential for CD56 + stimulation by CpG ODNs, there is a reciprocal interference of CpG and PyNTTTTGT ODNs when acting on this cell population. This suggests that these synthetic ODNs mimic different natural alarm signals for activation of the immune system.
Designing Efficient Mechanisms for Dynamic Bilateral Trading Games (2007)

This paper studies the problem of allocating a good between two players in each period of an infinite-horizon game. The players' valuations in each period are private information, and the valuations change over time. We analyze two special cases for the dynamics of valuations: correlated where players' valuations are exogenous but serially correlated; and learning by doing, where a player's past consumption improves his current distribution of valuations, but his valuations are otherwise uncorrelated. We analyze conditions under which there exists an efficient, Bayesian incentive-compatible (BIC), individually rational (IR), budget-balanced (BB) mechanism, when the mechanism designer has commitment power. We consider
Prediction of Process Forces and Stability of End Mills with Complex Geometries (2014)

In order to optimize the cutting performance of end mills, the geometry of such cutters is optimized by toolmakers constantly. As a result of geometric changes, process forces can be reduced, i.e. by serrated end mills. Tools with unequal helix angles can lead to an increase of process stability. In this paper, a method to calculate the process forces of end mills with complex geometries is presented. The method for calculating the process forces is designed for the application for stability analysis of end mill cutters with complex geometries. A basic introduction of the method for the stability prediction of such tools is given. Cutting forces of end mills are analyzed at incremental axial depth of cuts to show the influence of the tool geometry on the process forces. The comparison with experimental data verifies this method and shows the influence of further effects on the process forces. Furthermore, stability charts obtained with the Semi-Discretization Method are presented to show the potential of end mills with complex geometries regarding stability improvement.
Investigation of the performance of several chemical additives on inhibition of asphaltene precipitation (2016)

The inhibition effects of several chemical additives on asphaltene precipitation were investigated by the microscopic method. The additives consist of a synthesized deep eutectic solvent (SDES), a commercial inhibitor, and three surfactants, namely lauric acid, octyl phenol, and dodecyl amine. The results showed the octyl phenol with 500 mg/L concentration is similar to commercial inhibitor and later SDES had the maximum effects on delaying the asphaltene precipitation onset point. The mean particle size of asphaltene using octyl phenol, SDES, lauric acid, and dodecyl amine decreased about 55%, 41%, 24%, and 18%, respectively, compared to the oil sample without any chemical additives.
Concurrent Optimization of Large Structures. I: Algorithms (1992)

Parallel algorithms are presented for optimization of structures on shared‐memory multiprocessor computers. Structures subjected to multiple loading cases with limitations on nodal displacements, element stresses, and member sizes are optimized using the optimality‐criteria approach in a concurrent‐processing environment. Emphasis is directed toward parallelizing each computational step of the solution process. Parallel algorithms are developed to assure the best concurrent performance and speed‐up within each step. A substructuring algorithm is used to achieve the best work‐load balance during the solution of the generalized displacements. Concurrency is achieved through the use of the notion of cheap concurrency and the concept of threads. (A companion paper demonstrates the efficiency of the parallel algorithms through optimization of several truss and frame problems on an Encore Multimax shared‐memory computer for a variable number of processors.) The algorithms are particularly suitable for optimization of large structures such as space stations.
Integrated organic photovoltaic modules (2007)

Methods for scalable output voltage and encapsulation of organic photovoltaic cells are addressed in this paper. To obtain scalable output voltages, integrated photovoltaic modules comprised of a bulk heterojunction of poly(3- hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a soluble C<sub>70</sub> derivative, [6,6]-phenyl C<sub>71</sub> butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM-70), were fabricated. Power conversion efficiency of individual P3HT/PCBM-70 cells was estimated to be 4.1 % for AM1.5 G illumination. Modules of one to four cells connected in series produced open-circuit voltages V<sub>OC</sub> that linearly depend on the number of cells <i>N</i> as <i>V<sub>OC</sub></i> = <i>N</i> × 0.621 V with a nearly constant short-circuit current of 1.4 ± 0.1 mA. Separately, shelf lifetimes of more than one year were achieved for pentacene/C<sub>60</sub> solar cells by encapsulation with a 200-nm-thick layer of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). In addition, the ALD process improved the open-circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency of the solar cells by thermal annealing that occurs during the process.
Lithographic comparison of assist feature design strategies (2000)

Subresolution assist features, when used in conjunction with off-axis illumination, have shown great promise for reducing proximity effects while improving lithographic process window. However, these patterns result in an increased emphasis on the mask manufacturing process, primarily in the areas of mask writing and inspection. In choosing a design strategy, one must be careful to account for the mask making capabilities, such as write tool grid size and linearity, along with the lithographic effect of errors in the mask making process. In addition to mask errors, stepper lens aberrations and expected process variations can also have a large influence on design rules. Generally, design tradeoffs must be made to balance the impact of these for the best overall lithographic performance.
Endocytosis mechanisms and the cell biology of antigen presentation (2008)

Recent evidence revealed that presentation of soluble antigens is governed by the endocytosis mechanisms that determine the intracellular routing of the endocytosed antigens. Soluble antigens intended for classical exogenous MHC-II-restricted presentation are internalized into lysosomes. Soluble antigens destined for crosspresentation are taken up by distinct endocytosis mechanisms and are conveyed into stable early endosomes. Particulate antigens enter phagosomes, in which both MHC-I-restricted and MHC-II-restricted presentation is initiated. In this review, we discuss the mechanistical differences in presentation of soluble and particulate antigen, the correlation of various endocytic receptors with antigen routing and presentation, the differential expression of these receptors in antigen-presenting cell subsets with respect to their ability to crosspresent, and implications on the molecular mechanisms controlling cross-presentation.