gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A virtual-waypoint based artificial potential field method for UAV path planning (2016)

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) path planning is an important preliminary step in UAV mission planning. Artificial potential field (APF) UAV path planning method is often employed to build an intuitive model which is updated by the additional forces pushing the trajectory away from threats of non-cooperative objects and toward the predefined target. However, APF has its own weaknesses, one of which is the local minima close to concave obstacles. To tackle situation mentioned above, we propose a novel additional force model based on virtual waypoints. This model provides additional forces for candidate planning points falling into local minimum area and help them escape from local minimum area. Once the candidate is trapped in minimum area, firstly we calculate measure factor according to the planning area containing current candidate and the target point, and thus determine position of the virtual waypoint. Then the virtual waypoint generates additional control force so that the candidate can run away from the local minimum area. Finally, the simulation results show that the method can solve the local minimum problem in planning space.
On the Scent of Dandelion Dendrimers. Part IV. Molecular Modeling of Cyclophosphazenic Dandelion Dendrimers Up to the Fourth Generation (1996)

We recently reported on the neat synthesis of 3-dimensional, 6-functional cyclophosphazenic cores through a regiospecific peraminolysis of N3 P3 C16 by long-chain diamines on suitable solid supports. Preparation of spherical dendrimers (up to the eig
Ecology of Viruses Isolated from Panamanian Phlebotomine Sandflies (1974)

A total of 269 virus strains was obtained from both male and female phlebotomine sandflies collected at two localities in Panama between 1969 and 1971. These isolates represented nine different virus types (Changuinola, VSV-Indiana, Punta Toro-CoAr 3319, Chagres, VP-175A, VP-437R, VP-161A, VP-488A and VP-118D) as well as several unidentified agents. Five of the virus types are new. Changuinola and Punta Toro-CoAr 3319 were the most frequently encountered agents and represented 52% and 19% of the isolates, respectively. Of man-biting sandflies processed by species, highest overall isolation rates were obtained from Lutzomyia trapidoi. Analysis of seasonal distribution of virus isolates indicated that activity of Changuinola, Chagres. VP-175 and VP-437R was continuous, while isolations of VSV-Indiana and Punta Toro-CoAr 3319 were intermittent. Seventeen isolates, representing six different virus types, were obtained from male sandflies. Isolation rates by sex for three of the virus types were similar in collections yielding comparable numbers of male and female insects. The frequency of virus isolations from male sandflies suggests that transovarial transmission of several of these agents occurs in nature. Neutralization tests on sera from inhabitants of seven rural Panamanian communities demonstrated a significant amount of human infection with VSV-Indiana. Punta Toro and VP-437R. Infections of caged sentinel animals, exposed at one of the collecting sites, were observed with VSV-Indiana, Chagres, VP-175A and VP-437R. The study demonstrated superiority of the Vero cell culture system over newborn mice for primary isolation of sandfly virus isolates. By using infected Vero cells as complement-fixing antigen for typing isolates, the necessity of blind passing many viruses in order to establish mouse pathogenicity was eliminated.
An Energy Approach to a Micromechanics Model Accounting for Nonlinear Interface Debonding (2005)

We developed a micromechanics model to study the effect of nonlinear interface debonding on the constitutive behavior of composite materials. While implementing this micromechanics model into a large simulation code on solid rockets, we are challenged by problems such as tension/shear coupling and the nonuniform distribution of displacement jump at the particle/matrix interfaces. We therefore propose an energy approach to solve these problems. This energy approach calculates the potential energy of the representative volume element, including the contribution from the interface debonding. By minimizing the potential energy with respect to the variation of the interface displacement jump, the traction balanced interface debonding can be found and the macroscopic constitutive relations established. This energy approach has the ability to treat different load conditions in a unified way, and the interface cohesive law can be in any arbitrary forms. In this paper, the energy approach is verified to give the same constitutive behaviors as reported before.
SIAH1-induced p34SEI-1 polyubiquitination/degradation mediates p53 preferential vitamin C cytotoxicity (2015)

Vitamin C is considered as an important anticancer therapeutic agent although this view is debatable. In this study, we introduce a physiological mechanism demonstrating how vitamin C exerts anticancer activity that induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our previous and current data reveal that p53 tumor suppressor is the prerequisite factor for stronger anticancer effects of vitamin C. In addition, vitamin C-mediated cancer cell cytotoxicity appears to be achieved at least partly through the downregulation of the p34SEI-1 oncoprotein. Our previous study showed that p34SEI-1 increases the survival of various types of cancer cells by inhibiting their apoptosis. Present data suggest that vitamin C treatment decreases the p34SEI-1 expression at the protein level and therefore alleviates its anti-apoptotic activity. Of note, SIAH1, E3 ubiquitin ligase, appears to be responsible for the p34SEI-1 polyubiquitination and its subsequent degradation, which is dependent on p53. In summary, vitamin C increases cancer cell death by inducing SIAH1-mediated polyubiquitination/degradation of the p34SEI-1 oncoprotein in a p53-dependent manner.
Structural dynamics and determinants of 2-aminoadenine specificity in DNA polymerase DpoZ of vibriophage ϕVC8 (2021)

All genetic information in cellular life is stored in DNA copolymers composed of four basic building blocks (ATGC-DNA). In contrast, a group of bacteriophages belonging to families Siphoviridae and Podoviridae has abandoned the usage of one of them, adenine (A), replacing it with 2-aminoadenine (Z). The resulting ZTGC-DNA is more stable than its ATGC-DNA counterpart, owing to the additional hydrogen bond present in the 2-aminoadenine:thymine (Z:T) base pair, while the additional amino group also confers resistance to the host endonucleases. Recently, two classes of replicative proteins found in ZTGC-DNA-containing phages were characterized and one of them, DpoZ from DNA polymerase A (PolA) family, was shown to possess significant Z-vs-A specificity. Here, we present the crystallographic structure of the apo form of DpoZ of vibriophage ϕVC8, composed of the 3'-5' exonuclease and polymerase domains. We captured the enzyme in two conformations that involve the tip of the thumb subdomain and the exonuclease domain. We highlight insertions and mutations characteristic of ϕVC8 DpoZ and its close homologues. Through mutagenesis and functional assays we suggest that the preference of ϕVC8 DpoZ towards Z relies on a polymerase backtracking process, more efficient when the nascent base pair is A:T than when it is Z:T.
Supplemental Tables, Figures and Figure Legends from The Beta Subunit of Hemoglobin (HBB2/HBB) Suppresses Neuroblastoma Growth and Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This file includes tables presenting quantitative Real-Time PCR oligonucleotide primers and chemically synthesized peptide segments of human HBB. It also contains figures presenting the influence of separated lung-derived factors on neuroblastoma cell viability, the beta subunit of hemoglobin is elevated in micrometastasis-bearing organs of inoculated mice, single channel confocal images of HBB2 expression in alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells, a high expression of HBB2 is seen in alveolar endothelial cells lining blood vessels of varied diameters in micrometastasis-bearing mice, the beta subunit isolated from native human hemoglobin inhibits neuroblastoma cell viability, human HBB and its derivative peptide Metox do not mediate hemolysis of red blood cells, an intravenous or intranasal treatment of Metox inhibits neuroblastoma local tumor growth and metastasis, and nitric oxide is not influenced by high HBB2 levels in the lungs and serum of micrometastasis-bearing mice.&lt;/p&gt;
The role of organelles in the chemical modification of the primary translation products of secretory proteins (1976)

membrane.
Direct Comparison of Local Cerebral Blood Flow Rates Measured by MRI Arterial Spin-Tagging and Quantitative Autoradiography in a Rat Model of Experimental Cerebral Ischemia (2003)

The present study determined cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the rat using two different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) arterial spin-tagging (AST) methods and 14C-iodoantipyrine (IAP)-quantitative autoradiography (QAR), a standard but terminal technique used for imaging and quantitating CBF, and compared the resulting data sets to assess the precision and accuracy of the different techniques. Two hours after cerebral ischemia was produced in eight rats via permanent occlusion of one middle cerebral artery (MCA) with an intraluminal suture, MRI-CBF was measured over a 2.0-mm coronal slice using single-coil AST, and tissue magnetization was assessed by either a spin-echo (SE) or a variable tip-angle gradient-echo (VTA-GE) readout. Subsequently ( approximately 2.5 hours after MCA occlusion), CBF was assayed by QAR with the blood flow indicator 14C-IAP, which produced coronal images of local flow rates every 0.4 mm along the rostral-caudal axis. The IAP-QAR images that spanned the 2-mm MRI slice were selected, and regional flow rates (i.e., local CBF [lCBF]) were measured and averaged across this set of images by both the traditional approach, which involved reader interaction and avoidance of sectioning artifacts, and a whole film-scanning technique, which approximated total radioactivity in the entire MRI slice with minimal user bias. After alignment and coregistration, the concordance of the CBF rates generated by the two QAR approaches and the two AST methods was examined for nine regions of interest in each hemisphere. The QAR-lCBF rates were higher with the traditional method of assaying tissue radioactivity than with the MRI-analog approach; although the two sets of rates were highly correlated, the scatter was broad. The flow rates obtained with the whole film-scanning technique were chosen for subsequent comparisons to MRI-CBF results because of the similarity in tissue "sampling" among these three methods. As predicted by previous modeling, "true" flow rates, assumed to be given by QAR-lCBF, tended to be slightly lower than those measured by SE and were appreciably lower than those assessed by VTA-GE. When both the ischemic and contralateral hemispheres were considered together, SE-CBF and VTA-GE-CBF were both highly correlated with QAR-lCBF ( P< 0.001). If evaluated by flow range, however, SE-CBF estimates were more accurate in high-flow (contralateral) areas (CBF > 80 mL. 100 g(-1). min(-1) ), whereas VTA-GE-CBF values were more accurate in low-flow (ipsilateral) areas (CBF < or= 60 mL. 100 g(-1). min(-1) ). Accordingly, the concurrent usage of both AST-MRI methods or the VTA-GE technique alone would be preferred for human studies of stroke.
Organische materie ook magnetisch springlevend (2012)

Vanwege de uiterst kleine spin-baan-koppeling zou men in organische\nmaterie geen interessa nte spin-gerelateerde effecten verwachten, zoals\neen respons op een magnetisch veld. Met andere woorden, organische\nmaterie zou magnetisch ‘dood’ moeten zijn. Recent gemeten spectaculaire\nmagnetische veldeffecten in organische halfgeleiders en aanwijzingen voor\neen biologisch kompas in de ogen van trekvogels laten bet tegendeel zien:\norganische materie is magnetisch springlevend.
Selection and characterization of human melanoma lines with different liver‐colonizing capacity (1990)

Two human melanoma lines with low (HT168) and high (HT168-MI) liver metastatic capacity in immunosuppressed mice were selected in vivo from the A2058 cell line. After i.v. injection of the 2 tumor lines there was no significant difference either in the number of lung colonies or in the frequency and tissue distribution of extrapulmonary tumor deposits. These findings suggest that the selection in the spleen-liver system did not result in an overall increase in the metastatic potential of the melanoma cells, but rather that it represented an organ-preferential selection. The HT168-MI cells did not acquire an increased growth rate in vitro or in vivo, suggesting that other phenotypic alterations are responsible for the enhanced metastatic capacity. The 2 tumor lines were characterized by similar expression of HLA-A,B,C, transferrin receptor and melanoma-associated proteoglycan antigen. HT168 contained more NGF receptor, while HLA-DR appeared only on HT168-MI cells. This human metastasis model could be useful in studying the mechanisms of liver metastasis formation, as well as in revealing possible new targets of antimetastatic therapy.
Heterotopic Ossification in Total Cervical Artificial Disc Replacement (2006)

Only 33.8% of the patients did not show any signs of heterotopic ossification, and the rate of spontaneous fusion after TCDR 1 year after surgery was unexpectedly high. There were 49.4% of the patients with grade 2-3 ossification, which lets us suspect an even higher rate of spontaneous fusion after long-term follow-ups. Motion preservation after TCDR is only guaranteed if spontaneous fusion can be prevented. Thus, mobility of the implanted segments needs to be further studied.
3D finite element modeling of pelvic organ prolapse (2016)

Anterior vaginal wall collapse occurred at an IAP value corresponding to maximal valsalva and showed similar collapsed shape as clinical findings. Prolapse conditions exhibited high sensitivity to vaginal wall stiffness, whereas healthy tissues was found to support the vagina against prolapse. Ligament impairment was found to have only a secondary effect on prolapse.
Back meter (2018)

roman 10 pt justified single space. Must consecutively contain the brief outline of the problem solved, the objective of the study, brief research methodology, including the used experimental design, the result of the study, conclusion, and suggestion for further research (if any).
Atom‐Economical Dimerization Strategy by the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Allenes: Protecting‐Group‐Free Synthesis of Clavosolide A and Late‐Stage Modification (2015)

Abstract Natural products of polyketide origin with a high level of symmetry, in particular C 2 ‐symmetric diolides as a special macrolactone‐based product class, often possess a broad spectrum of biological activity. An efficient route to this important structural motif was developed as part of a concise and highly convergent synthesis of clavosolide A. This strategy features an atom‐economic “head‐to‐tail” dimerization by the stereoselective rhodium‐catalyzed addition of carboxylic acids to terminal allenes with the simultaneous construction of two new stereocenters. The excellent efficiency and selectivity with which the C 2 ‐symmetric core structures were obtained are remarkable considering the outcome under classical dimerization conditions. Furthermore, this approach facilitates late‐stage modification and provides ready access to potential new lead structures.
Binding of transferrin to the core protein of fibroblast proteoheparan sulfate. (1984)

Cell-surface-associated proteoheparan sulfate from confluent human skin fibroblasts appears to consist of two disulfide-bonded polypeptides of Mr approximately equal to 90,000. The transferrin receptor, a ubiquitous cell-surface component of proliferating cells, also consists of two subunits of Mr 90,000 linked by S--S bonds. Radiolabeled proteoheparan sulfate mixed with holotransferrin or apotransferrin at pH 4-5 followed by rabbit anti-human transferrin was adsorbed onto protein A-Sepharose to approximately equal to 80-90%. At pH 7.5 apotransferrin bound approximately equal to 40% of the proteoglycan, whereas approximately equal to 80% was bound to holotransferrin. Trypsin digestion of the proteoglycan markedly lowered its ability to bind transferrin. However, binding was essentially unaffected by heparan-sulfate lyase treatment and after reduction and alkylation. Over 90% of the 3H activity of an L-[3H]leucine-labeled proteoglycan was recovered by immunoprecipitation (transferrin.antitransferrin) of a heparan-sulfate lyase digest of the proteoglycan. The immunoprecipitated core protein had an apparent Mr of 150,000 before reduction and Mr of 90,000 after reduction of disulfide bonds. The core protein of the proteoglycan was recognized by the monoclonal antibody B3/25, which is known to be receptor specific. The present findings suggest that the core polypeptides of proteoheparan sulfate and the transferrin receptor may be identical or closely similar.
Power Aware Shift and Capture ATPG Methodology for Low Power Designs (2011)

Power management has emerged as a major design objective, both in functional and test mode, in most of the application domains that employ digital ICs. This paper presents a low power ATPG methodology for managing power both in shift and capture mode. The technique exploits the embedded clock gates and provides a good tradeoff between pattern count and reduction in switching activity without any significant coverage loss. The methodology also presents a novel method of selective scan chain reordering for scan compressed designs to reduce shift switching activity with minimal design flow constraints.
Gadolinium Presence in the Brain After Administration of the Liver-Specific Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent Gadoxetate (2019)

This rat study demonstrates distinct differences in the presence of gadolinium in the brain between the liver-specific linear gadoxetate and the multipurpose linear GBCA gadodiamide. No MRI signal alterations were observed after 8 dose-adapted intravenous or a single intracisternal administrations of gadoxetate and multipurpose macrocyclic gadobutrol. The Gd concentrations in the brain 5 weeks after intravenous administration of gadoxetate were an order of magnitude lower compared with gadodiamide and slightly lower than for gadobutrol. Likely reasons for these differences are the 4-fold lower dose, the dual excretion pathway, and the higher complex stability of gadoxetate compared with multipurpose linear GBCAs. The similar findings for both routes of GBCA administration underlines the assumption that the very small amount of GBCAs that cross the blood-CSF barrier is further transported into the brain tissue.
Matching Objects Without Language Extension. (2006)

Pattern matching is a powerful programming concept which has proven its merits in declarative programming. The absence of pattern-matching in object-oriented programming languages is felt especially when tackling source code processing problems. But existing proposals for pattern matching in such languages rely on language extension, which makes their adoption overly intrusive. We propose an approach to support pattern matching in mainstream object-oriented languages without language extension. In this approach, a pattern is a first-class entity, which can be created, be passed as argument, and receive method invocations, just like any other object. We demonstrate how our approach can be used in conjunction with existing parser generators to perform pattern matching on various kinds of abstract syntax representation. We elaborate our approach to include concrete syntax patterns, and mixing of patterns and visitors for the construction of sophisticated syntax tree traversals.
Iterative Methods for the Solution of Elliptic Problems on Regions Partitioned into Substructures (1986)

Finite element problems can often naturally be divided into subproblems which correspond to subregions into which the region has been partitioned or from which it was originally assembled. A class of iterative methods is discussed in which these subproblems are solved by direct methods, while the interaction across the curves or surfaces which divide the region is handled by a conjugate gradient method. A mathematical framework for this work is provided by regularity theory for elliptic finite element problems and by block Gaussian elimination. A full development of the theory, which shows that certain of these methods are optimal, is given for Lagrangian finite element approximations of second order linear elliptic problems in the plane. Results from numerical experiments are also reported.
Stability of Contour Augmentation and Esthetic Outcomes of Implant‐Supported Single Crowns in the Esthetic Zone: 3‐Year Results of a Prospective Study With Early Implant Placement Postextraction (2010)

This prospective study evaluates the concept of early implant placement and demonstrated successful tissue integration for all 20 implants and stable bone-crest levels around implant-abutment interfaces according to the platform-switching concept. The midterm 3-year follow-up revealed pleasing esthetic outcomes and stable facial soft tissues. The risk of mucosal recession was low, with only one patient showing minor recession of the facial mucosa. These encouraging results need to be confirmed with a 5-year follow-up examination.
Is bottom-up attention useful for object recognition? (2004)

A key problem in learning multiple objects from unlabeled images is that it is a priori impossible to tell which part of the image corresponds to each individual object, and which part is irrelevant clutter which is not associated to the objects. We investigate empirically to what extent pure bottom-up attention can extract useful information about the location, size and shape of objects from images and demonstrate how this information can be utilized to enable unsupervised learning of objects from unlabeled images. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach to using bottom-up attention is indeed useful for a variety of applications.
Revisiting the role of strain in solid-phase epitaxial regrowth of ion-implanted silicon (2015)

Solid-phase-epitaxial-regrowth (SPER) dynamics of ion-implanted silicon were studied through in situ time-resolved reflectivity measurements. The roles of strain induced by dopant and isovalent impurities with different atomic sizes were disentangled by considering the actual Fermi-level shifting and effective strain induced by partial impurities, as obtained from Hall measurements and high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Contrary to in the previous model, SPER rate retardation was found in the cases of both isovalent-impurity-induced tensile and compressive strain. We propose a modified model incorporating strain into generalized Fermi-level shifting to inclusively explain the SPER dynamics.
A fingerprint sensor based on the feedback capacitive sensing scheme (1998)

This paper introduces a single-chip, 200/spl times/200-element sensor array implemented in a standard two-metal digital CMOS technology. The sensor is able to grab the fingerprint pattern without any use of optical and mechanical adaptors. Using this integrated sensor, the fingerprint is captured at a rate of 10 F/s by pressing the finger skin onto the chip surface. The fingerprint pattern is sampled by capacitive sensors that detect the electric field variation induced by the skin surface. Several design issues regarding the capacitive sensing problem are reported and the feedback capacitive sensing scheme (FCS) is introduced. More specifically, the problem of the charge injection in MOS switches has been revisited for charge amplifier design.