gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A finite-volume shallow layer method for the MHD instabilities in an aluminium production cell (1999)

An electrolytic cell for Aluminium production contains molten metal and molten electrolyte, which are subject to high dc-currents and magnetic fields. Lorentz forces arising from the cross product of current and magnetic field may amplify natural gravity waves at the interface between the two fluids, leading to short circuits in extreme cases. The external magnetic field and current distribution in the production cell is computed through a detailed finite element analysis at Torino Polytechnic. The results are then used to compute the magnetohydrodynamic and thermal effects in the aluminium/electrolyte bath. Each cell has lateral dimensions of 6m x 2m, whilst the bath depth is only 30cm. the electrically resistive electrolyte path, which is critical in the operation of the cell, has layer depth of only a few centimetres below each carbon anode. Because the shallow dimensions of the liquid layer a finite-volume shallow-layer technique has been used at Greenwich to compute the resulting flow-field and interface perturbations. The information obtained from this method, i.e. depth averaged velocities and aluminium/electrolyte interface position is then embedded in the three-dimensional finite volume code PHYSICA and will be used to compute the heat transfer and phase change in the cell.
Synthesis of New Carbocyclic Analogues of Oxetanocin A and Oxetanocin G (1992)

w---The synthesis of cis-3-amino-1-cyclobutanemethanol has been performed in six steps (59.6% yield) tivm cis-1.3-cyclobutanedicarboxylicanhydride.This allowed us to obtain two new carbocyclic analogues of oxetanocin A and oxetanocin G related to 7-deazaadenosine and 7deaziguanosine Cyclohut-A and cyclobut-G are cartacyclic analogues of oxetanocin A and oxetanocin G respectively, and have been found to be hmad-spectnun antiviral agents, particularly potent against human immunodeficiency virus W ) . 1 Compounds (5) and ( 6) have also been found m exert antiremviral activity against HIV-1 in viuo? 1 (Cyelobut-A): XsCH2 2 (Cyclobut-C): X=CH, 5: Y = N
Abstract 14499: Serum Parathyroid Hormone is Independently Associated With Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the LURIC Study (2013)

Introduction: Recent evidence from observational studies indicates that in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are increased and related to left atrial diameter ...
Transverse spin freezing ina−(Fe1−xMnx)78Si8B14:A site-frustrated metallic glass (2003)

Muon spin relaxation, M\"ossbauer spectroscopy, magnetization, and ac-susceptibility have been used to investigate transverse spin freezing in a site-frustrated alloy system. All static and dynamic signatures coincide to yield a well-defined transition temperature ${(T}_{\mathrm{xy}}).$ These results are in full agreement with numerical simulations and earlier work on bond-frustrated alloys. No evidence is found for a third transition below ${T}_{c}$ and ${T}_{\mathrm{xy}}.$ A complete magnetic phase diagram for $a\ensuremath{-}({\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}{)}_{78}{\mathrm{Si}}_{8}{\mathrm{B}}_{14}$ is presented.
An Adaptive Inverse Kinematics Algorithm for Robot Manipulators (1990)

This paper presents an adaptive algorithm for solving the inverse kinematics problem for robot manipulators. The algorithm is derived using Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) theory, and is computationally efficient for on-line applications. The proposed scheme requires no a priori knowledge of the kinematics of the robot if Cartesian end-effector sensing is available, and requires knowledge of only the forward kinematics if joint position sensing is used. Computer simulation results are given for the redundant seven DOF Robotics Research arm, and demonstrate that the proposed algorithm yields accurate joint angle trajectories for a given end-effector position/orientation trajectory.
<title>Interactions between color plane interpolation and other image processing functions in electronic photography</title> (1995)

Electronic cameras using a single CCD detector acquire scene color by subsampling in three, color planes and subsequently interpolating the information to reconstruct three, full-resolution color planes. The nature and size of the interpolation errors are a function of the algorithm used. When interpolation errors are propagated through the rest of the imaging chain, it becomes evident that synergistic effects among image processing operations must be considered when selecting and tuning an interpolation algorithm. This presentation demonstrates and comments on these image processing interactions.
RSA and Registries: The Quest for Phased Introduction of New Implants (2011)

Introduction: Although the overall survival of knee and hip prostheses at ten years averages 90%, recent problems with several hip and knee prostheses have illustrated that the orthopaedic community, industry, and regulators can still further improve patient safety. Given the early predictive properties of roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) and the meticulous follow-up of national joint registries, these two methods are ideal tools for such a phased clinical introduction. In this paper, we elaborate on the predictive power of RSA within a two-year follow-up after arthroplasty and its relationship to national joint registries. The association between RSA prosthesis-migration data and registry data is evaluated. Methods: The five-year rate of revision of RSA-tested total knee replacements was compared with that of non-RSA-tested total knee replacements. Data were extracted from the published results of the national joint registries of Sweden, Australia, and New Zealand. Results: There was a 22% to 35% reduction in the number of revisions of RSA-tested total knee replacements as compared with non-RSA-tested total knee replacements in the national joint registries. Assuming that the total cost of total knee arthroplasty is $37,000 in the United States, a 22% to 35% reduction in the number of revisions (currently close to 55,000 annually) could lead to an estimated annual savings of over $400 million to the health-care system. Conclusion: The phased clinical introduction of new prostheses with two-year RSA results as a qualitative tool could lead to better patient care and could reduce the costs associated with revision total knee arthroplasty. Follow-up in registries is necessary to substantiate these results and to improve post-market surveillance.
Reactivity parameters for rationalizing iminium‐catalyzed reactions (2010)

Abstract The correlation equation (1) , lg k (20 °C) = s ( E + N ), where electrophiles are characterized by one ( E ) and nucleophiles are characterized by two parameters ( N , s ) was used to rationalize the scope of iminium‐catalyzed reactions. Kinetics of the reactions of iminium triflates, pregenerated from cinnamaldehyde and secondary amines, with cyclic ketene acetals were studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy. From the second‐order rate constants, electrophilicity parameters −10 &lt; E &lt; −7 have been derived for these iminium ions. Eqn (1) was found to correctly predict the rate constants for the reactions of the cinnamaldehyde‐derived iminium ions with pyrroles, indoles, and sulfur ylides. The zwitterion obtained from cinnamaldehyde and indoline‐2‐carboxylic acid reacts more than 10 5 times faster with a sulfur ylide than predicted by Eqn (1) , which is explained by MacMillan's ‘electrostatic activation’. The failure of imidazolidinones to catalyze cyclopropanations of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds by sulfur ylides is not due to the low nucleophilic reactivity of sulfur ylides but due to their high Brønsted basicity which inhibits the formation of the iminium ions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Effect of trench-sidewall smoothing on on-state voltage of injection enhancement gate transistor (2002)

We determined the optimum condition to smooth the roughness of the trench sidewall and this condition was applied to the fabrication of the injection enhancement gate transistor (IEGT). The on-state voltage was drastically decreased by smoothing the trench sidewall.
$^{177}$Lu SPECT Imaging in the Presence of $^{90}$Y: Does $^{90}$Y Degrade Image Quantification? A Simulation Study (2023)

This work aims to investigate the accuracy of quantitative SPECT imaging of $^{177}$Lu in the presence of $^{90}$Y, which occurs in dual-isotope radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) involving both isotopes. We used the GATE Monte Carlo simulation toolkit to conduct a phantom study, simulating spheres filled with $^{177}$Lu and $^{90}$Y placed in a cylindrical water phantom that was also filled with activity of both radionuclides. We simulated multiple phantom configurations and activity combinations by varying the location of the spheres, the concentrations of $^{177}$Lu and $^{90}$Y in the spheres, and the amount of background activity. We investigated two different scatter window widths to be used with triple energy window (TEW) scatter correction. We also created multiple realizations of each configuration to improve our assessment, leading to a total of 540 simulations. Each configuration was imaged using a simulated Siemens SPECT camera. The projections were reconstructed using the standard 3D OSEM algorithm, and errors associated with $^{177}$Lu activity quantification and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were determined. In all configurations, the quantification error was within $\pm$6% of the no-$^{90}$Y case, and we found that quantitative accuracy may slightly improve when $^{90}$Y is present because of reduction of errors associated with TEW scatter correction. The CNRs were not significantly impacted by the presence of $^{90}$Y, but they were increased when a wider scatter window width was used for TEW scatter correction. The width of the scatter windows made a small but statistically significant difference of 1-2% on the recovered $^{177}$Lu activity. Based on these results, we can conclude that activity quantification of $^{177}$Lu and lesion detectability is not degraded by the presence of $^{90}$Y.
Supervisory Training: Better Management Skills for Dealing with Substance Abuse in the Workplace (1990)

Theodore H. Rosen, Ph.D. an industrial/organizational psychologist, has written and presented training on issues dealing with substance use in the workplace. He is also an Associate Professor (Adjunct) at the University of Maryland University College Graduate School of Management and Technology, and the George Washington University Department of Administrative Science. Dr. Rosen consults widely on the psychological ramijkations of workplace issues and their study.,
Enzymatic synthesis and isolation of thymidine diphosphate‐6‐deoxy‐D‐xylo‐4‐hexulose and thymidine diphosphate‐L‐rhamnose (1992)

A two-step enzymatic synthesis of dTDP-L-rhamnose is developed using enzymes from sonicated extracts of cultures of Escherichia coli K12 strains harboring plasmids containing different parts of the rfb gene cluster of Salmonella enterica LT2. The intermediate dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexulose was isolated after a 1-h reaction, using only dTDP-D-glucose and dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, followed by protein precipitation and desalting by gel chromatography (yield 89%). In a two-step reaction using dTDP-D-glucose and dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase in the first step, and with NADPH, dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexulose 3,5-epimerase and NADPH:dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose-4-reductase in the second hour of incubation, the dTDP-D-glucose was fully converted to dTDP-L-rhamnose. The hexoses of both products were identified by mass spectroscopy. The molar yield of dTDP-L-rhamnose, after protein precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography and desalting by gel chromatography, was 62%, corresponding to more than 150 mg, starting from 250 mg of dTDP-D-glucose. When stored lyophilysed under nitrogen, these products were found to be stable for several months. Both dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexulose and dTDP-L-rhamnose have light absorption maxima at 267 nm, with molar absorption coefficients close to that of dTMP. However, the absorption coefficient of dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexulose at the absorption maximum of 320 nm (specific for sugars containing keto groups) was found to be approximately 20% higher than values presented earlier. Furthermore, an HPLC technique is presented for determining the net activity of dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexulose 3,5-epimerase and NADPH:dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose-4-reductase, based on separation of dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexulose and dTDP-L-rhamnose. The HPLC technique is also suitable for determination of all the nucleotide components involved in the synthesis.
Planen des gesamten Projekts (2010)

Da Projekte von Natur aus komplexe Vorhaben sind (Abschnitt 1.2.1), müssen sie sorgfältig geplant werden. Doch eine systematische Projektplanung kommt im betrieblichen Projektalltag oft zu kurz: Häufig wird sie als lästige Zusatzaufgabe empfunden und nur oberflächlich und/oder unvollständig betrieben – manchmal auch ganz übersprungen, um früher mit der Realisierung beginnen zu können. Die offizielle Begründung dafür lautet meistens, dass für umfangreiche Planungen keine Zeit übrig sei. Bei überschaubaren Vorhaben mit geringer Innovationshöhe mag diese Begründung überzeugen, bei Projekten tut sie es nicht.
Impact of region contouring variability on image-based focal therapy evaluation (2016)

Motivation: Focal therapy is an emerging low-morbidity treatment option for low-intermediate risk prostate cancer; however, challenges remain in accurately delivering treatment to specified targets and determining treatment success. Registered multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MPMRI) acquired before and after treatment can support focal therapy evaluation and optimization; however, contouring variability, when defining the prostate, the clinical target volume (CTV) and the ablation region in images, reduces the precision of quantitative image-based focal therapy evaluation metrics. To inform the interpretation and clarify the limitations of such metrics, we investigated inter-observer contouring variability and its impact on four metrics. Methods: Pre-therapy and 2-week-post-therapy standard-of-care MPMRI were acquired from 5 focal cryotherapy patients. Two clinicians independently contoured, on each slice, the prostate (pre- and post-treatment) and the dominant index lesion CTV (pre-treatment) in the T2-weighted MRI, and the ablated region (post-treatment) in the dynamic-contrast- enhanced MRI. For each combination of clinician contours, post-treatment images were registered to pre-treatment images using a 3D biomechanical-model-based registration of prostate surfaces, and four metrics were computed: the proportion of the target tissue region that was ablated and the target:ablated region volume ratio for each of two targets (the CTV and an expanded planning target volume). Variance components analysis was used to measure the contribution of each type of contour to the variance in the therapy evaluation metrics. Conclusions: 14&ndash;23% of evaluation metric variance was attributable to contouring variability (including 6&ndash;12% from ablation region contouring); reducing this variability could improve the precision of focal therapy evaluation metrics.
MODELADO Y CONTROL DEL GIROSCOPIO ECP-750 (2018)

Resumen En el presente articulo se muestra la obtencion del modelo cinematico y dinamico del giroscopio ECP-750 utilizando la convencion de Denavit–Hartenberg para la cinematica y la mecanica analitica mediante las ecuaciones de Euler-Lagrange para la dinamica. El giroscopio ECP-750 es un sistema subactuado de cuatro grados de libertad no lineal, el cual posee dos grados de libertad actuados y dos subactuados, de los cuales los subactuados son producto de la dinamica del sistema. Se lleva a cabo el control de posicion de los dos grados de libertad subactuados utilizando una tarjeta Arduino DUE donde se implementan los controladores PD simple y un controlador PD modificado con funciones saturadas del cual se muestra el analisis de estabilidad de Lyapunov. Se comparan los resultados obtenidos con ambos controladores y se compara el desempeno en la prueba. Palabras Claves: Arduino, control de posicion, giroscopio ECP-750, Lyapunov, MATLAB. MODELING AND CONTROL OF THE ECP-750 GYROSCOPE Abstract In this paper we present the kinematic and dynamic model of the ECP-750 gyroscope using the Denavit-Hartenberg convention to kinematics and analytical mechanics using the Euler-Lagrange equations to dynamics. The ECP-750 gyroscope is an non-linear underactuated system of four degrees of freedom, which has two degrees of freedom actuated and two underactuates, of which the underactuates are a product of the dynamics of the system. The position control of the two underactuated degrees of freedom is performed using an Arduino DUE board where are implemented the controllers PD + g (q) and a modified PD controller with saturated functions of which its Lyapunov stability analysis is shown. It compares the results obtained with both controllers and compairs the performance in the test. Keywords : Arduino, desired position, ECP-750 gyroscope, Lyapunov, MATLAB.
A Solid-State 0–120 kV Microsecond Pulse Charger for a Nanosecond Pulse Source (2013)

In this paper, we present a solid state 0-120 kV microsecond pulse charger for our nanosecond pulse generator . The pulse-forming line (PFL) of our nanosecond pulse generator must be charged with microsecond pulses to prevent pre-firing of its oil spark gap. The pulse charger consists of two identical compact pulse charger modules with integrated electronics. The electronic circuits are mounted on a compact printed circuit board and consist mainly of a number of parallel connected insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) that switch a primary capacitor bank into a pulse transformer. Each pulse charger module can generate 60 kV microsecond pulses at 1 kHz repetition rate. When connected in series, they are able to deliver up to 120 kV into a 100 pF load. This 100 pF load is the PFL of our nanosecond pulse generator at its maximum length of 1 m. The pulse charger is able to operate in a harsh electromagnetic interference environment as a result of its compact layout and optical triggering of the IGBTs.
Beamspace compressive spatial spectrum estimation on large aperture acoustic arrays (2014)

For large aperture sonar arrays, the number of acoustic elements can be quite sizable and thus increase the dimensionality of the l1 minimization required for compressive beamforming. This leads to high computational complexity that scales by the cube of the number of array elements. Furthermore, in many applications, raw sensor outputs are often not available since computation of the beamformer power is a common initial processing step performed to reduce subsequent computational and storage requirements. In this paper, a beamspace algorithm is presented that computes the compressive spatial spectrum from conventional beamformer output power. Results from CALOPS-07 experiment will be presented and shown to significantly reduce the computational load as well as increase robustness when detecting low SNR targets. [This work was supported by ONR.]
Extraction d'inhomogeneites dans les images texturees fixes et animees. Application a la detection de defauts dans les images de chaussees (1996)

De nombreuses problematiques en analyse d'images numeriques ont pour objectif la detection de structures inhomogenes apparaissant dans une region par ailleurs uniformement texturee. C'est typiquement le cas des applications industrielles d'inspection automatique. Le cadre applicatif considere dans cette etude est la detection de fissures apparaissant dans le revetement des chaussees. Les images traitees sont acquises dans un environnement exterieur non controle, et caracterisees par la difficulte de distinction entre les degradations reelles et les micro-structures contenues dans la texture de la chaussee. Dans un premier temps, l'analyse est effectuee sur des images fixes. Les fissures sont tout d'abord detectees localement par un banc de filtres tenant compte des caracteristiques de la texture. Elles sont ensuite localisees a l'aide d'un modele markovien des structures lineaires, defini sur un graphe irregulier compose de segments de droite elementaires. Une derniere etape d'extraction globale par projections permet de separer les fissures et la texture de la chaussee. Il est alors possible de passer a l'analyse de sequences temporelles d'images de chaussees. La prise en compte du temps permet de surmonter la mauvaise visibilite des degradations, par la mise a disposition de plusieurs images d'une meme surface prises sous des points de vue differents. La methode consiste donc tout d'abord a effectuer l'appariement des differentes vues disponibles de la partie de la chaussee analysee, par compensation du mouvement apparent global. Il s'agit ensuite de detecter les fissures, l'objectif etant de mettre en valeur les structures de forme lineaire qui persistent temporellement dans les vues considerees. Plusieurs approches sont envisagees pour cela. Elles se differencient au niveau de la nature des primitives sur lesquelles elles sont fondees. Les resultats obtenus montrent que l'utilisation du temps engendre des performances en detection et extraction des defauts tres superieures a celles obtenues par analyse purement spatiale
Characterization of organic ambient aerosol during MIRAGE 2006 on three platforms (2009)

Abstract. Submicron atmospheric aerosol particles were collected during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observation (MILAGRO) in March 2006 at three platforms located in the Mexico City urban area (at the Mexico City Atmospheric Monitoring System building – SIMAT), at about 60 km south-west of the metropolitan area (Altzomoni in the Cortes Pass), and on board the NSF/NCAR aircraft C130. Organic functional group and elemental composition were measured by FTIR and XRF. The average organic mass (OM) concentration, calculated as the sum of organic functional group concentrations, was 9.9 μg m−3 at SIMAT, 6.6 μg m−3 at Altzomoni, and 5.7 μg m−3 on the C130. Aliphatic saturated C-C-H and carboxylic acid COOH groups dominated OM (more than 60%) at the ground sites. On the C130, a non-acid carbonyl C=O, and amine NH2 groups were observed in concentrations above detection limit only outside the Mexico City basin. From the elemental composition of SIMAT samples, we estimated the upper bound of average contribution of biomass burning to the organic carbon (OC) as 33–39%. The average OM/OC ratio was 1.8 at SIMAT, 2.0 at Altzomoni, and 1.6–1.8 on the C130. On the aircraft, higher OM/OC ratios were measured outside of the Mexico City basin, north of the urban area, along the city outflow direction. The average carboxylic acid plus non-acid carbonyl to aliphatic saturated ratio was higher at Altzomoni relative to SIMAT, reflecting a larger average contribution of carbonyl functional groups (largely in carboxylic acids) at the mountain site.
Diagnosis System of Manufacturing Equipment Based on Structure-Fault Tree (2011)

Paper analyzed diagnosis technologies that were applied to manufacturing equipment, and researched the unidirectional mesh data structure of the fault essence. Then the integrated diagnosis method was proposed. The method was based on structure-fault tree, which has a good capability in knowledge management and maintenance. Diagnosis knowledge representation and organization model was expatiated, at same time the integrated reasoning process was accomplished. Finally, a prototype system for the CNC machine was developed that has verified the method’s correctness and feasibility.