gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bottom-Illuminated Orbital Shaker for Microalgae Cultivation (2020)

Abstract A bottom-illuminated orbital shaker designed for the cultivation of microalgae suspensions is described in this open-source hardware report. The instrument agitates and illuminates microalgae suspensions grown inside flasks. It was optimized for low production cost, simplicity, low power consumption, design flexibility, consistent, and controllable growth light intensity. The illuminated orbital shaker is especially well suited for low-resource research laboratories and education. It is an alternative to commercial instruments for microalgae cultivation. It improves on typical do-it-yourself microalgae growth systems by offering consistent and well characterized illumination light intensity. The illuminated growth area is 20 cm × 15 cm, which is suitable for three T75 tissue culture flasks or six 100 ml Erlenmeyer flasks. The photosynthetic photon flux density, is variable in eight steps (26 – 800 μmol · m −2 · s −1 ) and programmable in a 24-hour light/dark cycle. The agitation speed is variable (0 – 210 RPM). The overall material cost is around £300, including an entry-level orbital shaker. The build takes two days, requiring electronics and mechanical assembly capabilities. The instrument build is documented in a set of open-source protocols, design files, and source code. The design can be readily modified, scaled, and adapted for other orbital shakers and specific experimental requirements. The instrument function was validated by growing fresh-water microalgae Desmodesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris . The cultivation protocols, microalgae growth curves, and doubling times are included in this report. Specifications table
Additional interference in a RAKE receiver implementation of a CDMA power control mechanism (2002)

A direct sequence CDMA power control mechanism in a multipath fading environment is considered. The greatest attention is devoted to the additional interference in a RAKE receiver with a limited number of branches, i.e. the multipath "range" exceeds the number of branches of the RAKE, when an ideal power control on the tracked rays is assumed. Analytical expressions are derived under the assumption of relatively slow multipath Rayleigh fading and an illustrative numerical application is then given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Mayo Table Technique in Hip Arthroscopy (2016)

Hip distractor devices or hip fracture tables (HFTs) are vital to perform a reliable hip arthroscopy (HA) for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement, especially when labral tears, chondral-labral delaminations, ligamentum teres tears, and other intraarticular disorders are present. Adequate hip distractors were not available in the early days of HA; most of HFTs being used those days were rigid, cumbersome, and did not allow us to properly perform an arthroscopic dynamic impingement test to evaluate and assess the femoral head and its site of impingement. The mayo table technique was developed because of the lack of appropriate hip instrumentation and an HFT when the author (A.P.S.) started to perform HA. This easy technique allows the surgeon to control hip maximal range of motion and also to assess completely the cam deformity in the posterolateral, superolateral, anterior, and anteroinferior aspects. It also allows the surgeon to revise where the cam is impinging and afterward perform a complete bony resection and decompression. We strongly believe that with the mayo table technique HA can be performed simply and reliably in old rigid and cumbersome HFTs and also hip distractors that do not allow an adequate dynamic assessment of the hip with maximal range of motion.
Targeted deletion of floral development genes in Arabidopsis with CRISPR/Cas9 using the RNA endoribonuclease Csy4 processing system (2019)

The formation of flowers in higher plants is controlled by complex gene regulatory networks. The study of floral development in <i>Arabidopsis</i> is promoted and maintained by transposon-tagged mutant lines. In this study, we report a CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system based on RNA endoribonuclease Csy4 processing to induce high-efficiency and inheritable targeted deletion of transcription factors involved in floral development in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. Using <i>AP1</i>, <i>SVP</i>, and <i>TFL1</i> as the target genes, multisite and multiple-gene mutations were achieved with a tandemly arrayed Csy4-sgRNA architecture to express multiplexed sgRNAs from a single transcript driven by the Pol II promoter in transgenic lines. Targeted deletions of chromosomal fragments between the first exon and second exon in either one or three genes were generated by using a single binary vector. Interestingly, the efficiency of site-targeted deletion was comparable to that of indel mutation with the multiplexed sgRNAs. DNA sequencing analysis of RT-PCR products showed that targeted deletions of <i>AP1</i> and <i>TFL1</i> could lead to frameshift mutations and introduce premature stop codons to disrupt the open-reading frames of the target genes. In addition, no RT-PCR amplified product was acquired after <i>SVP</i>-targeted deletion. Furthermore, the targeted deletions resulted in abnormal floral development in the mutant lines compared to that of wild-type plants. <i>AP1</i> and <i>SVP</i> mutations increased plant branching significantly, while <i>TFL1</i> mutant plants displayed a change from indeterminate to determinate inflorescences. Thus, our results demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 with the RNA endoribonuclease Csy4 processing system is an efficient tool to study floral development and improve floral traits rapidly and simply.
A linear fully balanced CMOS OTA for VHF filtering applications (1997)

A linear, fully balanced, voltage-tunable CMOS operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with large dc gain and wide bandwidth is described. The approach uses a two-differential-pair transconductor with a cross-coupled input stage together with a negative resistance load for compensating the parasitic output resistance of the OTA. Since no additional internal nodes are generated, dc gain enhancement is obtained without bandwidth limitation. SPICE simulations show that total harmonic distortion at 1.42 V/sub p-p/ is less than 1% with dynamic range equal to 66 dB at a power consumption of 2.7 mW from a single 5-V supply. As an example, the OTA is used to design a third-order elliptic lowpass filter in the very-high-frequency range, simulated in a standard 2 /spl mu/m CMOS process (MOSIS). The cutoff frequency of the filter is tunable in the range of 12-50 MHz.
ISOSPORA BELLI DIARRHEAL INFECTION IN HOMOSEXUAL MEN (1983)

Unsporulated Isospora belli oocysts were detected in the stool specimens of three homosexual men. The oocysts were ellipsoidal measuring 23-33 X 12-15 micron. It is acid fast with modified cold kinyoun stain (MCK) and reveals orange fluorescence with the Truant's stain. Sheather's sucrose flotation method is effective in concentrating Isospora oocyst as with other coccidial oocysts. One specimen showed many Charcot-Leyden crystals. All three patients responded to treatment. Isosporiosis is rare in this country and is endemic in the tropics and subtropics. Although one case acquired the infection after returning from an endemic area, the other two cases had no travel history. This raised the suspicion that this, like other parasitic infections (amebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis) may be sexually transmitted. Such exotic parasitic infections in homosexual men during the outbreak of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome adds another unusual infectious agent to the differential diagnosis of diarrheal disease in this high risk group of population.
Appraising evaluations of screening/diagnostic tests: the importance of the study populations (2000)

Sensitivity and specificity are the indices most commonly reported when describing the performance of a screening or diagnostic test. These indices, and their corresponding predictive values or likelihood ratios, are fundamental test properties since they allow the user to determine the consequences of selecting a particular cut off criterion for referral or further investigative tests. (Sensitivity is the proportion of diseased individuals correctly identified as diseased and specificity is the proportion of non-diseased individuals correctly identified as non-diseased. The positive predictive value (PPV) is the proportion of patients with positive screening test results who are found to have disease and the negative predictive value (NPV) is the proportion of patients with negative screening test results who are found not to have disease, based on the gold standard. Given a test result, a likelihood ratio describes how many times more likely a patient with disease is to have that test result, compared with a patient without the disease.)

A recent article1 has highlighted the importance of complying with methodological standards2-4 when evaluating diagnostic or screening tests, in order that the findings of a study can be applied with confidence to clinical practice. These standards need to be considered at both the study design stage and the reporting stage (see Table 1). Standards 1 and 2 are closely related, since they are both concerned with the way in which the sensitivity and specificity of a test may vary depending on the clinical and demographic characteristics of a population (for example, disease stage, age, sex). These standards allow clinicians wishing to use a test to judge whether the sensitivity/specificity reported by the evaluation can be applied to their own population of patients. Standard 3 also relates to a study's population, being concerned with the bias which can arise if only a …
Developmental cell death during Xenopus metamorphosis involves BID cleavage and caspase 2 and 8 activation (2006)

Elimination of tadpole organs during Xenopus metamorphosis is largely achieved through apoptosis, and recent evidence suggest involvement of the mitochondrial death route and bax-initiated caspase-3 and -9 deployment. However, events upstream of the activation of Bax are unknown. In other models, proteins of the BH3-only group such as BID are known to assure this function. We show that Xenopus bid transcript levels increase at metamorphosis in larval cells destined to disappear. This increase correlates with an abrupt rise in Caspase-2 and -8 mRNA levels and an enhanced activity of Caspase-2 and -8. In BIDGFP transgenic animal's tail regression is accelerated. The cleavage of BIDGFP fusion protein during natural or T(3)-induced metamorphosis was specifically inhibited by caspase-8 inhibitors. Our results show that tail regression at metamorphosis implicates an apoptotic pathway inducible by T(3) hormone in an organ autonomous manner and involving the cell death executioners BID and Caspases-2 and -8.
Effects of Alloying Elements and Foil Dimensions on the Life Time of Thin Fe-Cr-Al Foils in Catalytic Converters (1998)

Abstract Several parameters influencing the life cycle of Fe-20Cr-Al were investigated. For industrially used chemical compositions, the foil thickness of 50 microns is critical for applications in catalytic converters, since exponential scale growth due to surface aluminium depletion has to be considered. Oxidation resistance can also be increased by alloying with yttrium and hafnium as reactive elements. These are superior to those of cerium mischmetal or yttrium by alone. Overdoping can cause very high oxidation rates and severe internal oxidation and has to be avoided. Furthermore increasing the aluminium content is helpfid as well. Since this may lead to embrittlement of conventionally produced materials, a new production technique was developed, which is based on aluminising of Fe-Cr at lower thickness. This techniques results in higher aluminium contents in near surface regions which are quite sufficient for increasing oxidation resistance.
Regulation of mdm2 expression by p53: alternative promoters produce transcripts with nonidentical translation potential. (1994)

The mdm2 proto-oncogene product binds to the p53 tumor suppressor protein and inhibits its ability to trans-activate target genes. One such target gene is mdm2 itself, which is therefore considered a component of a p53 negative feedback loop. Two tandem p53-binding motifs residing within the first intron of the murine mdm2 gene confer upon it p53-mediated activation. We now report that in murine cells p53 activates an internal mdm2 promoter (P2) located near the 3' end of intron 1, resulting in mRNA whose transcription starts within exon 2. P2 is activated by p53 within artificial constructs, as well as within the context of the chromosomal mdm2 gene. Activation follows either the introduction of overexpressed wild-type p53 into cells or the induction of endogenous wild-type p53 by ionizing radiation. The upstream, constitutive (P1) mdm2 promoter is only mildly affected by p53, if at all. The p53-derived mdm2 transcripts lack exon 1 and a few nucleotides from exon 2. As the first in-frame AUG of mdm2 is located within exon 3, the two types of mdm2 transcripts should possess similar coding potentials. Nevertheless, in vitro conditions, where each of these transcripts yields a distinct translation profile, reflect the differential usage of translation initiation codons. Initiation of translation at internal AUG codons, which occurs also in vivo, gives rise to MDM2 polypeptides incapable of binding to p53. In vitro translation profiles of the various mdm2 transcripts could be manipulated by changing the amounts of input RNA. Thus, p53 can modulate both the amount and the nature of MDM2 polypeptides through activation of the internal P2 promoter.
Temperature dependence of the exciton homogeneous linewidth inIn0.60Ga0.40As/GaAsself-assembled quantum dots (2002)

Single dot photoluminescence spectroscopy was used to study the homogeneous linewidth $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ of the ground-state exciton in ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.60}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.40}\mathrm{As}/\mathrm{GaAs}$ quantum dots as function of temperature T. In high resolution experiments at 2 K, we find a linewidth that is limited by the excitonic lifetime corresponding to a dephasing time of almost a ns. The approximately linear increase of \ensuremath{\Gamma} with temperature up to $\ensuremath{\sim}30 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{eV}$ at 60 K is considerably weaker than in structures of higher dimensionality. For higher T we observe a strong enhancement of the linewidth reaching eventually a few meV at room temperature that depends on the confined electronic shell structure.
Modulation of myo-[3H]inositol uptake by glucose and sorbitol in cultured bovine lens epithelial cells. I. Restoration of myo-inositol uptake by aldose reductase inhibition. (1992)

The association between high-ambient glucose, the polyol pathway, and aldose reductase inhibition on in vitro myo-[3H]inositol uptake was examined in cultured bovine lens epithelial cells (BLECs). Myo-[3H]inositol accumulation in the presence of 5.5 mmol/l D-glucose was rapid and linear for 8 hr. When Na+ was replaced on an equal molar basis with N-methyl-D-glucamine chloride, myo-[3H]inositol uptake was reduced by more than 95%. The myo-inositol transport system appear to be distinct from glucose transport, based upon three criteria: (1) 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose uptake, unlike myo-[3H]inositol uptake, was largely sodium independent; (2) L-glucose was a competitive inhibitor of myo-[3H]inositol uptake but had no effect on 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose uptake; and (3) 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose uptake appeared independent of myo-inositol concentration. Sodium-dependent myo-[3H]inositol uptake was substantially inhibited after chronic (20 hr) exposure of cultured cells to 40 mmol/l glucose. Inhibition of aldose reductase activity partially prevented the inhibitory effect of glucose on myo-[3H]inositol accumulation. No significant difference in the rates of passive efflux of myo-[3H]inositol from preloaded high glucose-treated and control cultures was observed. Although the coadministration of sorbinil to the high-glucose medium partially protected against the attendant decrease in transport activity, the failure to normalize myo-[3H]inositol uptake suggested that glucose-sensitive and sorbitol-sensitive processes were involved in the uptake of myo-inositol.
Ring Expansions and Contractions with Diazonium Betaines. I. Synthesis of Ketones by Ring Expansion of Methylenecycloalkanes with Arenesulfonyl Azides (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing Expansions and Contractions with Diazonium Betaines. I. Synthesis of Ketones by Ring Expansion of Methylenecycloalkanes with Arenesulfonyl AzidesRonald WohlCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 22, 3862–3864Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online13 August 2003Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00962a600https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00962a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of in vitro spermatogenesis system effectiveness to study genes behavior: monitoring the expression of the testis specific 10 (Tsga10) gene as a model. (2014)

In vitro generation of germ cells introduces a novel approach to male infertility and provides an effective system in gene tracking studies, however many aspects of this process have remained unclear. We aimed to promote mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) differentiation into germ cells and evaluate its effectiveness with tracking the expression of the Tsga10 during this process.mESCs were differentiated into germ cells in the presence of Retinoic Acid. Based on developmental schedule of the postnatal testis, samples were taken on the 7th, 12th, and 25th days of the culture and were subjected to expression analysis of a panel of germ cell specific genes. Expression of Tsga10 in RNA and protein levels was then analyzed.Transition from mitosis to meiosis occurred between 7th and 12th days of mESC culture and post-meiotic gene expression did not occur until the 25th day of the culture. Results showed low level of Tsga10expression in undifferentiated stem cells. During transition from meiotic to post-meiotic phase, Tsga10 expression increased in 6.6 folds. This finding is in concordance with in vivo changes during transition from pre-pubertal to pubertal stage. Localization of processed and unprocessed forms of the related protein was similar to those in vivo as well.Expression pattern of Tsga10, as a gene with critical function in spermatogenesis, is similar during in vitro and in vivo germ cell generation. The results suggest that in vitro derived germ cells could be a trusted model to study genes behavior during spermatogenesis.
Guinea pig as an animal model for the study of urinary bladder function in the normal and obstructed state (1994)

The guinea pig has become an excellent model for the study of mechanical and electrical mechanisms regulating bladder function in the normal and obstructed state. Much preliminary work has been done on the in vitro behavior of the detrusor smooth muscle. The tissue has permitted electrophysiological studies by sucrose gap, microelectrode, and patch clamp technique. Excellent urodynamic studies can be performed under anesthesia. A recent model of bladder obstruction has resulted in a source of tissue which is suitable for electrophysiological analysis of the muscle. Low-cost and simple animal care requirements permit large-scale studies correlating urodynamic, structural, biochemical, contractile, and electrophysiological changes in response to obstruction.
[The influence of TLSFJM on the proportion of Th1/Th2-like cell subsets]. (2004)

TLSF(JM) can inhibit both the Th1 and Th2-like cell subsets, but mainly inhibit the Th2-like cell subset, thereby reducing the proportion of Th2-like cell subsets.
Effects of Aronia polyphenols on the physico-chemical properties of whey, soy, and pea protein isolate dispersions (2021)

Abstract Bioactive compounds including polyphenols (PP) have been observed to naturally form non-covalent complexation interactions with proteins under mild pH and temperature conditions, affecting protein structures and functionality. Previously, addition of Aronia berry PP to liquid dispersions containing whey protein isolate (WPI) and sucrose was found to alter characteristics including viscosity, surface tension, and particle sizes, with changes being attributed to protein-PP interactions. In this study we aimed to investigate whether Aronia PP would interact with soy and pea protein isolates (SPI and PPI, respectively) to a similar extent as with WPI in liquid protein-sucrose-PP mixtures. We hypothesized that formulations containing PPI (comprised of larger proteins) and hydrolyzed SPI (containing more carboxyl groups) may exhibit increased viscosities and decreased aggregate sizes due to enhanced protein-PP interactions. Concentrated liquid dispersions of varied ratios of protein to sucrose contents, containing different protein isolates (WPI, SPI, and PPI), and varied Aronia PP concentrations were formulated, and physical properties were evaluated to elucidate the effects of PP addition. PP addition altered physical characteristics differently depending on the protein isolate used, with changes attributed to protein-PP interactions. SPI and PPI appeared to have higher propensities for PP interactions and exhibited more extensive shifts in physical properties than WPI formulations. These findings may be useful for practical applications such as formulating products containing fruit and proteins to obtain desirable sensory attributes. Graphical abstract
Overlapped block digital filtering (1996)

Block digital filtering has been suggested to increase the parallelism of computation and to reduce the computational complexity of digital filtering systems. In this paper the block processing concept is generalized by considering overlapped input and/or output blocks. As an overlapped block digital filter is, in general, a shift-varying system, the conditions for its shift-invariant operation have been developed. These conditions have been exploited to derive computationally efficient shift-invariant block structures. Two types of fast FIR filtering algorithms using the overlapped block filter structures are derived. One is based on the adaptation of fast short-length linear convolution algorithms and the other is based on DFT algorithms. These algorithms not only reduce the computational complexity of filtering operations but also offer modular and parallel structures. Finite wordlength effects of FIR filters implemented using the overlapped block filter structure are also investigated.