gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Laser Heating Duration on Lubricant Depletion in Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (2011)

Heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is a promising choice to overcome the superparamagnetic limit in magnetic recording to further increase the areal recording density of hard disk drive media. However, HAMR brings about serious problems to slider-disk interface, such as lubricant depletion on disk surface at the high temperature in HAMR. Experimental studies of lubricant depletion under laser irradiation are still very limited so far. It is essential to do experimental studies under real HAMR conditions or under equivalent conditions when a standalone laser is used to emulate HAMR system. Laser heating duration in one heating and cooling process in HAMR is as short as 1 ns. It is believed that lubricant depletion under such short heating duration should be different from that under long time continuous heating. In this work, the effect of laser heating duration in one heating and cooling process on lubricant depletion is studied experimentally on a self-developed HAMR tester. Laser power, laser heating rate and laser heating duration of the tester are tunable and comparable with that of a HAMR head laser. The tester also supports macroscopic study. A method to control laser focus point on disk surface is also developed, which is the prerequisite to control laser heating temperature. From the experimental studies, it is found that longer laser heating duration results in more severe lubricant depletion. It is also found that lubricant depletion under laser heating is caused by both lubricant flow on disk surface and lubricant loss via evaporation/decomposition.
1C11 Hybrid bearings for ventricular assist device (2013)

The Japan Soclety of Mechanlcal Englneers 1Cll
Transmedullary Venous Anastomoses: Anatomy and Angiographic Visualization Using Flat Panel Catheter Angiotomography (2015)

Flat panel catheter angiotomography, a recently developed angiographic technique, offers a spinal equivalent to the venous phase obtained during cerebral angiography. This report of 8 clinical cases discusses the flat panel catheter angiotomography appearance of a type of spinal venous structure until now principally known through the analysis of postmortem material, transmedullary venous anastomosis. The illustrated configurations include centrodorsolateral, median anteroposterior, median anteroposterior with duplicated origin, and combined centrodorsolateral/median anteroposterior transmedullary venous anastomoses, while a pathologic example documents the potential role of transmedullary venous anastomoses as collateral venous pathways. Two of the reported configurations have not been previously documented. Transmedullary venous anastomoses are normal venous structures that need to be differentiated from spinal cord anomalies, such as intramedullary vascular malformations.
Results from a pre-clinical head scanner for proton CT (2014)

We report on the first beam test results with our pre-clinical (Phase-II) head scanner developed for proton computed tomography (pCT). After extensive preclinical testing, pCT will be employed in support of proton therapy treatment planning and pre-treatment verification in patients undergoing treatment with particle beam therapy. The Phase-II pCT system consists of two silicon-strip telescopes that track individual protons before and after the phantom or patient, and a novel multistage scintillation detector that measures a combination of the residual energy and range of the proton, from which we derive the water equivalent path length (WEPL) of the protons in the scanned object. The set of WEPL values and associated paths of protons passing through the object over a 360° angular scan is processed by an iterative, parallelizable reconstruction algorithm that runs on modern GP-GPU hardware. In order to assess the performance of the scanner, we have performed beam tests with 200 MeV protons from the synchrotron of the Loma Linda University Medical Center. The first objective was the calibration of the instrument, including tracker channel maps and alignment as well as the WEPL calibration. Then we performed the first CT scans on a series of phantoms. The very high sustained rate of data acquisition, exceeding one million protons per second, allowed a full 360° scan to be completed in less than 10 minutes, and reconstruction of a CATPHAN 404 phantom verified accurate reconstruction of the proton relative stopping power in a variety of materials.
Mucociliary Differentiation of Serially Passaged Normal Human Tracheobronchial Epithelial Cells (1996)

The goal of our studies was to establish procedures for subculturing normal human tracheobronchial epithelial (NHTBE) cells without compromising their ability to differentiate into mucous and ciliated cells (i.e., differentiation competence) and to study the regulation of airway secretions by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and retinoic acid (RA). Primary NHTBE cells were obtained from a commercial source and subcultured repeatedly in serum-free medium on plastic tissue culture dishes. The subcultured cells were tested after every passage for differentiation competence in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures. The apical secretions of cultured NHTBE cells were characterized by immunoblotting, Western blotting, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a variety of antibodies. They contained mucin-like materials as well as lysozyme, lactoferrin, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI). We found that an EGF concentration of 25 ng/ml, which is commonly used in airway cell cultures, adversely affected growth, mucin production, and morphology of ALI cultures and that RA was essential for mucociliary differentiation. Without RA, the epithelium became squamous and mucin secretions decreased 300- to 900-fold. In contrast, secretion of lysozyme, lactoferrin, and SLPI was significantly increased in RA-depleted cultures. Cells of passage 2 (P-2) through P-4 remained competent to differentiate into mucous and ciliated cells when grown in ALI cultures. However, mucin secretion and ciliagenesis decreased in P-3 and P-4 cell cultures and P-3 but not P-4 cell cultures exhibited bioelectric properties characteristic of airway epithelium. We concluded that P-2 and P-3 NHTBE cell cultures retain many important features of normal airway epithelium. This enables one to conduct many studies of airway cell biology with a greatly expanded (6,000-fold) cell pool.
Relationship between airway narrowing, patchy ventilation and lung mechanics in asthmatics (2007)

Bronchoconstriction in asthma results in patchy ventilation forming ventilation defects (VDefs). Patchy ventilation is clinically important because it affects obstructive symptoms and impairs both gas exchange and the distribution of inhaled medications. The current study combined functional imaging, oscillatory mechanics and theoretical modelling to test whether the degrees of constriction of airways feeding those units outside VDefs were related to the extent of VDefs in bronchoconstricted asthmatic subjects. Positron emission tomography was used to quantify the regional distribution of ventilation and oscillatory mechanics were measured in asthmatic subjects before and after bronchoconstriction. For each subject, ventilation data was mapped into an anatomically based lung model that was used to evaluate whether airway constriction patterns, consistent with the imaging data, were capable of matching the measured changes in airflow obstruction. The degree and heterogeneity of constriction of the airways feeding alveolar units outside VDefs was similar among the subjects studied despite large inter-subject variability in airflow obstruction and the extent of the ventilation defects. Analysis of the data amongst the subjects showed an inverse relationship between the reduction in mean airway conductance, measured in the breathing frequency range during bronchoconstriction, and the fraction of lung involved in ventilation defects. The current data supports the concept that patchy ventilation is an expression of the integrated system and not just the sum of independent responses of individual airways.
Computational modelling of ErbB family phosphorylation dynamics in response to transforming growth factor alpha and heregulin indicates spatial compartmentation of phosphatase activity (2006)

Members of the ErbB receptor family are associated with several cancers and appear to be providing useful targets for pharmacological therapeutics for tumours of the lung and breast. Further improvements of these therapies may be guided by a quantitative, dynamic integrative systems understanding of the complexities of ErbB dimerisation, trafficking and activation, for it is these complexities that render difficult intuiting how perturbations such as drug intervention will affect ErbB signalling activities. Towards this goal, we have developed a computational model implementing commonly accepted principles governing ErbB receptor interaction, trafficking, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Using this model, we are able to investigate several hypotheses regarding the compartmental localisation of dephosphorylation. Model results applied to experimental data on ErbB 1, ErbB2 and ErbB3 phosphorylation in H292 human lung carcinoma cells support a hypothesis that key dephosphorylation activity for these receptors occurs largely in an intracellular, endosomal compartment rather than at the cell surface plasma membrane. Thus, the endocytic trafficking-related compartmentalisation of dephosphorylation may define a critical aspect of the ErbB signalling response to ligand.
Model of plasma immersion ion implantation (1989)

In plasma immersion ion implantation, a target is immersed in a plasma and a series of negative high-voltage pulses are applied to implant plasma ions into the target. We develop an approximate analytical model to determine the time-varying implantation current, the total dose, and the energy distribution of the implanted ions.
Pd Black Deposited on Polypropylene Sheet as a Highly Selective Catalyst for Hydrogenation Alkenes. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
DOP033 Trends in epidemiology of inﬂammatory bowel disease among Jewish Israeli adolescents: a population-based study (2018)

Several studies have demonstrated an increasing prevalence of paediatric Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, relatively little is known about paediatric IBD epidemiology in Israel. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with diagnosis of IBD among Jewish Israeli adolescents. A total of 1144213 Jewish Israeli adolescents who underwent a general health examination from 2002 to 2016, at a median age of 17.1, were included. Cases were classified into Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Covariate data included date of birth, country of birth, parental country of birth, age at diagnosis and socioeconomic status (SES). Overall, 2372 cases of IBD were identiﬁed (0.2%). CD accounted for 68% of cases. Total IBD point prevalence increased from 58 per 100000 persons per year to 373 per 100000 persons over the study period. This increase was observed for both CD (from 42 to 245 per 100000 persons per year) and UC (from 16 to 128 per 100000 persons per year, as demonstrated in Figure 1. IBD point prevalence among Jewish Israeli teenagers, 2002–2016. The mean age of IBD diagnosis decreased from 14.97 years of age during the years 2002–2008 to 14.32 during 2009–2016 (p < 0.0001). Significance was maintained for both diseases. Compared with Israeli origin, both CD and UC diagnosis were signiﬁcantly less prevalent in subjects whose one of their parents was born in Asia, Africa and Ethiopia. Western origin of either parents was associated with increased risk only for CD. Lower SES was also signiﬁcantly associated with lower prevalence (OR 0.25 for low SES for both diseases). The prevalence of both CD and UC significantly increased during the study period. Average age at diagnosis decreased during our study period for both diseases. Higher SES is a significant independent risk factor for both UC and CD.
The accuracy and safety aspects of a novel robotic needle guide manipulator to perform transrectal prostate biopsies (2010)

The new MR compatible manipulator can be used safely for patient care. It showed a high accuracy and short total procedure time, demonstrating great potential to improve the transrectal prostate biopsy procedure.
The Role of Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Metabolic Reprograming of Activatedâ€‰T-Cells (2014)

Activation represents a significant bioenergetic challenge for T-cells, which must undergo metabolic reprogramming to keep pace with increased energetic demands. This review focuses on the role of fatty acid metabolism, both in vitro and in vivo, following T-cell activation. Based upon previous studies in the literature, as well as accumulating evidence in allogeneic cells, I propose a multi-step model of in vivo metabolic reprogramming. In this model, a primary determinant of metabolic phenotype is the ubiquity and duration of antigen exposure. The implications of this model, as well as the future challenges and opportunities in studying T-cell metabolism, will be discussed.
The electronic band structure of quasi-one-dimensional van der Waals semiconductors: the effective hole mass of ZrS 3 compared to TiS 3 (2020)

The band structure of the quasi-one-dimensional transition metal trichalcogenide ZrS<sub>3</sub>(001) was investigated using nanospot angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (nanoARPES) and shown to have many similarities with the band structure of TiS<sub>3</sub>(001). We find that ZrS<sub>3</sub>, like TiS<sub>3</sub>, is strongly n-type with the top of the valence band ∼1.9 eV below the Fermi level, at the center of the surface Brillouin zone. The nanoARPES spectra indicate that the top of the valence band of the ZrS<sub>3</sub>(001) is located at [Formula: see text]. The band structure of both TiS<sub>3</sub> and ZrS<sub>3</sub> exhibit strong in-plane anisotropy, which results in a larger hole effective mass along the quasi-one-dimensional chains than perpendicular to them.
A Limit in the Processing of Components in Odour Mixtures (1999)

We investigated the hypothesis that physiological limitations restrict the ability of humans to identify components in an odour mixture. Subjects were trained to identify the test odours, and were required to detect a single highly familiar odorant in stimuli consisting of one, four, eight, twelve, and sixteen odorants by using a selective-attention procedure. The stimuli were delivered by a computer-controlled sixteen-channel air-dilution olfactometer which provided samples of each of the sixteen odorants to be of equal perceived intensity for each subject. Identification fell to chance level when sixteen odorants were present. It is proposed that the profound loss of information was primarily due to inhibition of olfactory receptor cells by the odorants through competitive mechanisms, and the subsequent loss of odour identity through changes in the spatial code that may be used to identify odorants.
Supplementary Information from Polypharmacologic Reprogramming of Tumor-Associated Macrophages toward an Inflammatory Phenotype (2023)

Supplementary Information&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Development of novel cathode materials for the bioelectrocatalysis of oxygen reduction reaction by laccase from Trametes versicolor (2017)

International audience
Flow Injection Analysis-Spectrophotometric Determination of Soluble Protein Content (2008)

A method was developed for determining soluble protein by flow injection-spectrophotometric analysis with bromocresol green as color developing reagent and 630 nm as detecting wavelengh. Under the optimum conditions, working curve with good linear was obtained. The linear range of BSA is 1.0 ～280 mg/L, the detection limit is 0.52 mg/L, and relative standard deviation (RSD) is 2.26%. The range of recovery rates for different spiked samples is between 96.1% and 104.2%. The characteristics of this method are simple, rapid, and high sensitive and also can be used on-line.
Glucuronidation of 6 alpha-hydroxy bile acids by human liver microsomes. (1987)

The glucuronidation of 6-hydroxylated bile acids by human liver microsomes has been studied in vitro; for comparison, several major bile acids lacking a 6-hydroxyl group were also investigated. Glucuronidation rates for 6 alpha-hydroxylated bile acids were 10-20 times higher than those of substrates lacking a hydroxyl group in position 6. The highest rates measured were for hyodeoxy- and hyocholic acids, and kinetic analyses were carried out using these substrates. Rigorous product identification by high-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance and by electron impact mass spectrometry of methyl ester/peracetate derivatives revealed that 6-O-beta-D-glucuronides were the exclusive products formed in these enzymatic reactions. These results, together with literature data, indicate that 6 alpha-hydroxylation followed by 6-O-glucuronidation constitutes an alternative route of excretion of toxic hydrophobic bile acids.
Permeability of the respiratory tract to different‐sized macromolecules after intratracheal instillation in young and adult rats (1990)

The markers, bovine IgG (BIgG, mol. wt = 150,000 Da) and bovine serum albumin (BSA, mol. wt = 67,000 Da) together with 1-deamino-cysteine-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP, mol. wt = 1067 Da), were intratracheally instilled into young and adult rats and their passages via the respiratory tract were assessed as immunoreactive marker levels in blood serum. In the adult rats (100-120 days old) the BSA serum levels peaked 16-24 h after instillation and with a calculated transferred amount (bioavailability) of 4.3 +/- 1.7 to 5.6 +/- 1.4% of the dose given (five resp. 50 mg kg-1 body wt). BIgG passed via the respiratory tract with a maximum at 16 h, and with a transferred amount of 1.5 +/- 0.3%, while dDAVP serum levels peaked at 1 h and with a transferred amount of 20 +/- 4%. For the 30-day-old rats, similar passage time curves were obtained as for the adult, but the transferred amount was lower for BIgG (0.7 +/- 0.3%), similar for BSA (4.1 +/- 1.1%) and higher for dDAVP (45 +/- 16%). The serum levels of BSA increased linearly with increasing dose instilled (2.5-200 mg kg-1 body wt), indicating a passive transepithelial transport route. The results show that macromolecules pass via the respiratory tract into the circulation of the rat in mainly intact forms and in high amounts, compared with passage via the GI tract. There appears to exist an inverse relationship between the molecular weights of instilled molecules and the transferred amount, a relationship affected by the development of the lung.
Feasibility study on application of piezoelectricity to convert vibrations of Korea Train eXpress (2012)

In this study, we have investigated the feasibility of applying piezoelectricity to convert the mechanical vibrations of an operating commercial high-speed Korean train to useful electricity. We recorded and analyzed the vibrations of Korea Train eXpress (KTX). We experimented with different cantilever beam thicknesses (0.25, 0.6, and 1.0 mm) and different piezoelectric material dimensions (10.0 × 10.0 × 0.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , 20.0 × 10.0 × 0.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , and 30.0 × 10.0 × 0.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) on real data from recorded random frequencies and train vibration amplitudes. The addition of tip masses on the cantilever beam decreased the natural resonance frequency range when the vibrations were constant but not when they were random. The optimal condition was experimentally found, to involve decreasing the beam thickness and increasing the beam area rather than merely increasing the tip mass. The most effective method to improve the operational sensitivity was to decrease the resonance frequency by adding tip masses, decreasing beam thicknesses, and increasing beam areas.
Fluorinated Pyrimidines VI. Effects of 5-Fluorouridine and 5-Fluoro-2'-Deoxyuridine on Transplanted Tumors. (1958)

Summary1. Activity of 5-fluorouridine (FUR) and 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FUDR) against several transplanted tumors has been compared with that of 5-fluorouracil (FU). 2. In Adenocarcinoma 755 and L-1210 leukemia FU is more effective than either nucleoside, although the latter have significant tumor-inhibitory activities. 3. In Sarcoma 180, FUDR is much more effective than FU; FUR has no significant activity. 4. In the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, both nucleosides are more effective in prolonging life than is 5-fluorouracil, with FUR demonstrating activity at a low dose. In a 5-fluorouracil-resistant line of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, 5-fluorouridine is as active as in the parent strain. 5. In mice, the toxicity by repeated doses of FUR is much greater than that of FU; FUDR is less toxic than FU. In rats, the toxicity of FUR is much less pronounced than in mice, and the compound was very effective in inhibiting the growth of the Novikoff hepatoma.
Detecting Population Expansion and Decline Using Microsatellites (1999)

Abstract This article considers a demographic model where a population varies in size either linearly or exponentially. The genealogical history of microsatellite data sampled from this population can be described using coalescent theory. A method is presented whereby the posterior probability distribution of the genealogical and demographic parameters can be estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. The likelihood surface for the demographic parameters is complicated and its general features are described. The method is then applied to published microsatellite data from two populations. Data from the northern hairy-nosed wombat show strong evidence of decline. Data from European humans show weak evidence of expansion.
Performance Enhancement of a Haptic Arm Exoskeleton (2006)

A high-quality haptic interface is typically characterized by low apparent inertia and damping, high structural stiffness, minimal backlash, and absence of mechanical singularities in the workspace. In addition to these specifications, exoskeleton haptic interface design involves consideration of space and weight limitations, workspace requirements, and the kinematic constraints placed on the device by the human arm. In this paper, the authors present the redesign of an existing five degree-of-freedom haptic arm exoskeleton. The redesign efforts focus primarily on ensuring smooth operation of the exoskeleton’s moving parts to minimize backlash, reducing cost and build time by simplifying the design, and increasing the torque output while continuing to use electric actuators for ease of control. The accompanying computer control system was developed in parallel with the mechanical redesign effort. The newly redesigned exoskeleton presented is capable of providing kinesthetic feedback to the joints of the lower arm and wrist of the operator, and will be used in future work for robot-assisted rehabilitation and training.