gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unconstrained Face Recognition Using a Set-to-Set Distance Measure on Deep Learned Features (2017)

Recently considerable efforts have been dedicated to unconstrained face recognition, which requires to identify faces “in the wild” for a set of images and/or video frames captured without human intervention. Unlike traditional face recognition that compares one-to-one media (either a single image or a video frame) only, we encounter a problem of matching sets with heterogeneous contents containing both images and videos. In this paper, we propose a novel set-to-set (S2S) distance measure to calculate the similarity between two sets with the aim to improve the recognition accuracy for faces with real-world challenges, such as extreme poses or severe illumination conditions. Our S2S distance adopts the kNN-average pooling for the similarity scores computed on all the media in two sets, making the identification far less susceptible to the poor representations (outliers) than traditional feature-average pooling and score-average pooling. Furthermore, we show that various metrics can be embedded into our S2S distance framework, including both predefined and learned ones. This allows to choose the appropriate metric depending on the recognition task in order to achieve the best results. To evaluate the proposed S2S distance, we conduct extensive experiments on the challenging set-based IJB-A face data set, which demonstrate that our algorithm achieves the state-of-the-art results and is clearly superior to the baselines, including several deep learning-based face recognition algorithms.
Cellular trafficking of phospholamban and formation of functional sarcoplasmic reticulum during myocyte differentiation (2007)

Phospholamban (PLB) associates with the Ca(2+)-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes to permit the modulation of contraction in response to beta-adrenergic signaling. To understand how coordinated changes in the abundance and intracellular trafficking of PLB and the Ca(2+)-ATPase contribute to the maturation of functional muscle, we measured changes in abundance, location, and turnover of endogenous and tagged proteins in myoblasts and during their differentiation. We found that PLB is constitutively expressed in both myoblasts and differentiated myotubes, whereas abundance increases of the Ca(2+)-ATPase coincide with the formation of differentiated myotubes. We observed that PLB is primarily present in highly mobile vesicular structures outside the endoplasmic reticulum, irrespective of the expression of the Ca(2+)-ATPase, indicating that PLB targeting is regulated through vesicle trafficking. Moreover, using pulse-chase methods, we observed that in myoblasts, PLB is trafficked through directed transport through the Golgi to the plasma membrane before endosome-mediated internalization. The observed trafficking of PLB to the plasma membrane suggests an important role for PLB during muscle differentiation, which is distinct from its previously recognized role in the regulation of the Ca(2+)-ATPase.
Examination of Impact of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Dibutyl Phthalate on Rat Internal Organs by Scanning Acoustic Microscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (2021)

Objective: Phthalates, despite their endocrine disrupting effects, are widely used as plastifiants. Environmental exposure of phthalates was demonstrated to cause fetal death and reproductive toxicity in human beings, as well as in laboratory animals. However, underlying mechanisms are not clear.&#x0D; Material and Methods: Here, we examine the impact of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP)on rat lungs, brain and heart by scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). First, we evaluate tissues of mother rats and we show that the acoustic impedance values oftissues of DEHP and DBP delivered rats differ from those of tissues of the control rat. Then, element level analyses withinthese tissues are done and element levels within tissues of DEHP and DBP delivered pregnant rats are found to be higherthan those within tissues of the control pregnant rat. We then evaluate the tissues of offspring female rats.&#x0D; Results: It is shown that acoustic impedance values of tissues of offspring rats of DEHP and DBP delivered mother rats are higher than those of tissues of the control offspring rats of the control mother rat. Besides, element analysis revealshigher element levels in the tissues of offspring rats of DEHP and DBP delivered mother rats.&#x0D; Conclusion: Therefore, we can conclude that phthalates cause structural and functional changes within rat internal organs such as lungs, brain and heart. In summary, both modalities are confirmatory in a way that tissues of DEHP and DBP exposed pregnant rats and their offspring rats are differentiated by different acoustic impedance values obtained by SAM and higher element levels specified by ICP-OES.
Independent dual single-sideband vector millimeter-wave signal generation by one single I/Q modulator (2019)

We propose a new scheme to realize the independent dual single-sideband (SSB) vector millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal generation based on one single in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) modulator. The two SSB vector mm-wave signals can have independent carrier frequencies and modulation formats. We experimentally demonstrate the simultaneous generation and transmission of 38 GHz 16-ary quadrature-amplitude-modulation (16QAM) and 40 GHz quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK) mm-wave signals based on this scheme. The penalty of the 16QAM and QPSK mm-wave signals after transmission over 10-km standard single-mode fiber and 0.5-m wireless link can be neglected.
Crystal Structures and Molecular Packing of Tetrakis(alkylthio)tetrathiafulvalene (TTCn–TTF); Part I (n = 3,4,6) (1992)

Abstract The crystal structures of tetrakis(alkylthio)tetrathiafulvalene TTCn–TTF (n = 3, 4, 6) were determined by X-ray analysis. The structures of TTCn–TTF drastically changed between n = 3 and 4. The TTC3–TTF molecule has a boat-like shape, like that of TTC1–TTF and TTC2–TTF. On the other hand, the TTC4–TTF and TTC6–TTF molecules have chair-like shapes, like that of TTC5–TTF, and columnar structures with intermolecular effective overlaps between the central π-systems. These results can explain the drastic change in the electrical properties between n = 3 and 4.
SWNT-Filled Thermoplastic and Elastomeric Composites Prepared by Miniemulsion Polymerization (2002)

SWNT-filled polystyrene (SWNT-PS) and styrene−isoprene (SWNT-SI) composites prepared by miniemulsion polymerization showed distinctive physical features such as uniform black coloration, high solubility in toluene as well as in tetrahydrofuran (THF), and semiconductor to ohmic electrical behavior. Raman spectra for both hybrid materials suggested a reduced vibrational freedom of the polymer chains as a consequence of the nanotube incorporation. An adsorbed polymer layer on the nanotube bundles contributes to a better dispersion of the inorganic nanoreinforcement.
Photonic antenna system for light harvesting, transport and trapping (2001)

Host–guest composites with photonic antenna properties are described. The material consists of cylindrical zeolite L crystals the channels of which are filled with chains of joined but electronically non-interacting dye molecules. Light shining on a crystal is first absorbed and the energy is then transported by the dye molecules inside the tubes to the desired part. Data on crystals in the size range of 30 nm up to 3000 nm are reported. The synthesis principle we are using is based on the fact that molecules can diffuse into individual channels. This means that given the appropriate conditions, they can also leave the zeolite by the same way. In some cases, however, it is desirable to block their way out, for stability reasons. This is done by adding a closure molecule. The general approach to connect the antenna function to its surroundings is to add “stopcock” molecules which generally consist of a head, a spacer and a label. They can either trap excitation energy on the external surface or inject excitation energy into the dye-loaded crystal. The stopcock molecules act as bridges between the dye molecules inside the channels and the outside world. Functionalisation of the closure and the stopcock molecules is an option for tuning e.g. wettability, refractive index, and chemical reactivity.
Quantitative assessment of the permeability of the rat blood‐retinal barrier to small water‐soluble non‐electrolytes. (1987)

1. The passive permeability of the blood-retinal barrier (b.r.b.) to the water-soluble non-electrolytes, sucrose and mannitol, was determined using a multiple time point-graphical approach as has been used in the assessment of blood-brain barrier (b.b.b.) permeability. 2. The calculated permeability surface area product for the b.r.b. for sucrose was 0.44 (+/- 0.081 S.E. of mean) X 10(-5) ml g-1 s-1 (n = 20) and for mannitol was 1.25 (+/- 0.30) X 10(-5) ml g-1 s-1 (n = 18). These values are similar and comparable to those found for the capillaries in the brain (P greater than 0.05) and significantly different from zero (P less than 0.01). 3. Data on the concentrations of sucrose in different parts of the eye show that the permeability of the blood-retinal barrier, rather than the more permeable blood-aqueous barrier permeability, was being measured by our technique.
Application of factorial designs for reducing factors in optimization via discrete-event simulation (2006)

Optimization via simulation came true; most discrete-event simulation packages have some kind of optimization routines but the optimum search can become very time-consuming as the factor number increases. This paper's objectives show how factorial designs help the optimization via simulation to reach the optimum solution by reducing the number of factors. A comparative study between an optimization without planning and an optimization planned based on factorial designs is carried out. Results are presented where the reduction of the number of runs needed to find the optimum is showed. This work concludes with brief considerations on the factorial designs and optimization via simulation integration
SparkleGeometry: Glitter Imaging for 3D Point Tracking (2016)

We consider a geometric inference problem for an imaging system consisting of a camera that views the world through a planar, rectangular sheet of glitter. We describe a procedure to calibrate this imaging geometry as a generalized camera which characterizes the subset of the light field viewed through each piece of glitter. We propose an easy to construct physical prototype and characterize its performance for estimating the 3D position of a moving point light source just by viewing the changing sparkle patterns visible on the glitter sheet.
Induction of molecular chaperones by hyperosmotic stress in mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells (1997)

The extreme hyperosmotic conditions that exist in the renal inner medulla enable the urinary concentrating mechanism to function. In this study, we evaluated whether stress-related molecular chaperones are induced in response to hyperosmotic stress in mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD3) cells. Exposure of cells to medium supplemented with 100 mM NaCl for 4 or 24 h resulted in an increase in heat shock protein-72 (HSP-72) (inducible form) by Western blot. Immunocytochemistry confirmed the increase of HSP-72 and showed that hyperosmotic stress resulted in a localization of HSP-72 predominantly to the nucleoplasm that surrounds the nucleoli and to the cytoplasm, a subcellular distribution pattern different from that seen with heat shock. Using a denatured protein (casein)-affinity column with ATP elution, we identified a number of putative molecular chaperones (46, 60, 78, and 200 kDa) that are upregulated in response to 4 h of hyperosmotic NaCl treatment. Microsequencing identified one of these proteins to be the mitochondrial chaperone mtHSP-70, a member of HSP-70 family, and another to be similar to beta-actin. We also found high levels of HSP-72 in cells chronically adapted to hypertonicity, indicating that chaperones are still required to maintain certain cellular functions even after nonperturbing organic osmolytes are known to accumulate. These results suggest an important role for molecular chaperones in the adaptation of renal medullary epithelial cells to the hyperosmotic conditions that exist in the inner medulla in vivo.
Elimination of Pb<sup>2+</sup> Ion from Aqueous Solution by Using Calcium Hydroxide Solution or Ammonium Phosphate Solution (1997)

The elimination of Pb2+ ion from aqueous solution was performed by adding calcium hydroxide solution or ammonium phosphate solution to a solution containing Pb2+ ion. The concentration of the filtrate was measured and the data were compared with those of the ferrite formation method. In the case of Ca(OH)2 addition, the concentration of Pb2+ ion in the filtrate was affected by the Ca2+/Pb2+ ratio. The minimum concentration of 0.58mg/dm3 was obtained when the Ca2+/Pb2+ ratio was 1, where pH of the solution was 11.74. In the case of (NH4)3PO4 addition, ill-crystallized Pb-hydroxyapatite was precipitated, and the concentration of Pb2+ ion in the filtrate was 0.01mg/dm3. The well-crystallized Pb-hydroxyapatite was obtained by the hydrothermal treatment of ill-crystallized one by using solution with pH of 12 at 150°C for 1h. This Pb-hydroxyapatite has lower solubility than lead hydroxide over a wide pH range. It is concluded that the method for elimination of Pb2+ ion from aqueous solution by using calcium hydroxide or ammonium phosphate were more effective than the ferrite formation method.
Mood modulation by food: An exploration of affect and cravings in ‘chocolate addicts’ (1995)

To test the hypothesis that some foods are eaten to alter mood, the relationship between mood and intake of chocolate was investigated in 40 women. Twenty self-identified chocolate 'addicts' and 20 controls rated hunger, mood, intensity of craving and amount of chocolate eaten in a diary for seven consecutive days. The 'addicts' reported a significantly greater number of eating episodes and consumed a larger amount of chocolate than controls. 'Addicts' also rated depression, guilt and craving higher and feeling content and relaxed as lower before eating than controls. However, eating chocolate resulted in increased feelings of guilt in the 'addicts' and no significant changes in feeling depressed or relaxed. On indices of disordered eating and depression, 'addicts' scored significantly higher than controls; however, eating chocolate did not improve mood. Although chocolate is a food which provides pleasure, for those who consider intake of this food to be excessive, any pleasure experienced is short lived and accompanied by feelings of guilt.
Comparison between microwave and thermal curing of glass fiber–epoxy composites: Effect of microwave‐heating cycle on mechanical properties (2006)

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the mechanical properties between epoxy composites cured by thermal heating and microwave heating. Epoxy‐anhydride resins reinforced with glass fiber were cured in a domestic microwave oven and in a thermal oven. Hardening agents included methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride and methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride. Microwave curing was carried out at various conditions, including 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐step heating cycle, whereby each cycle employed different power level and time. Mechanical properties were tested according to ASTM standards. It is found that the microwave‐cured composites produced mechanical properties as good as the thermally cured composites. The 2‐ and 3‐step heating cycle used in the microwave curing process produced better mechanical properties higher than those obtained from the microwaved 1‐step and thermally curing process. This is attributed to the slow increase in temperature during the beginning of the microwave curing process whereby the very low power level was applied in the first cycle of the multistep heating process. This affected the slower rate of viscosity increment, resulting in better wettability of the glass fiber with enhanced interfacial adhesion between the fibers and the resins. The viscosity of resins affected the homogeneity of the crosslinked structure. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1059–1070, 2006
Modeling and Analysis of Crosstalk for Time-Interleaved Photonic ADCs (2020)

We build a model of channel response for time-interleaved photonic analog-to-digital converters (TIPADCs) including interchannel and intrachannel crosstalks. The characteristic of the channel magnitude responses of TIPADCs in the cases with and without mismatch are analyzed under different backend bandwidths. When a backend bandwidth is less than half of the overall sampling rate, interchannel crosstalk will cause a periodical variation on the corresponding channel magnitude response in mismatch-free TIPADCs, with the period being the overall sampling rate. The periodicity caused by interchannel crosstalk will be disrupted by time mismatch in TIPADCs. The theoretical analyses are verified by the simulation results of 2- and 4-channel TIPADCs and experimental measurements of a 2-channel TIPADC system.
PbS and HgTe quantum dots for SW IR devices (2017)

HgTe and PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQD) with first excitonic absorption peak of about 2 μm and shorter (down to about 1 μm) have been synthesized and characterized. The synthesized CQDs were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and TEM technique. The nanomaterials were tested for photo-electrical properties with photoconductive (PC) devices. The devices were fabricated by drop-casting a suspension of the CQDs on the fanout, followed by solid state ligand exchange (SSLE) process, and then spectral and electrical photoresponse of the device were measured. The SSLE process was evaluated thru absorption spectra of test samples. The device fabrication parameters were the number of deposited layers, the thickness of individual layers, the type of the substituting ligand, and the ligand exchange duration. For selected devices external quantum efficiency (EQE) was also determined.
Force Perception before and after Maximal Voluntary Contraction (1993)

Capacity to match a low level of elbow flexion force maintained in the control arm was measured in the experimental arm in 16 subjects before and after maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Prior to a 1-min. MVC, the mean force exerted by the experimental arm was 3.4 +/- 1.0 kg when attempting to match the tension of a 2.3-kg weight in the control arm. After the MVC, the mean force exerted in the experimental arm was 4.4 +/- 2.6 kg. The change in perception of force after a prolonged MVC as demonstrated in this study may be due to postcontraction potentiation of contraction, which has been demonstrated by others after a brief MVC.
Developing dynamic security policies (2003)

In this paper we define and provide a general construction for a class of policies we call dynamic policies. In most existing systems, policies are implemented and enforced by changing the operational parameters of shared system objects. These policies do not account for the behavior of the entire system, and enforcing these policies can have unexpected interactive or concurrent behavior. We present a policy specification, implementation, and enforcement methodology based on formal models of interactive behavior and satisfiability of system properties. We show that changing the operational parameters of our policy implementation entities does not affect the behavioral guarantees specified by the properties. We demonstrate the construction of dynamic access control policies based on safety property specifications and describe an implementation of these policies in the Seraphim active network architecture. We present examples of reactive security systems that demonstrate the power and dynamism of our policy implementations. We also describe other types of dynamic policies for information flow and availability based on safety, liveness, fairness, and other properties. We believe that dynamic policies are important building blocks of reactive security solutions for active networks.
Engineering the /spl alpha/-factor in quantum dot-in-a-well lasers (2004)

The linewidth enhancement factor in quantum dot (QD) in a quantum well (QW) laser structures was observed to decrease from 2.5 to 1 as result of controlling the QD shape and the composition of the QW.
Al₅B₁₂O₂₅(OH) and Ga₄InB₁₂O₂₅(OH) – two additional triel borates with the structure type M₅B₁₂O₂₅(OH) (M = Ga, In) (2020)

The isotypic triel borates Al₅B₁₂O₂₅(OH) and Ga₄InB₁₂O₂₅(OH) were synthesized in a Walker-type multianvil apparatus under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions of 12.0 GPa/1400 °C and 12.3 GPa/1200 °C, respectively. The crystal structures of both compounds, determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, constitute new representatives of the structure type M₅B₁₂O₂₅(OH) (M = Ga, In) crystallizing in the space group I4₁/acd. The presence of the hydroxyl groups was confirmed via single-crystal IR spectroscopy.
Unique Type I Interferon Responses Determine the Functional Fate of Migratory Lung Dendritic Cells during Influenza Virus Infection (2011)

Migratory lung dendritic cells (DCs) transport viral antigen from the lungs to the draining mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) during influenza virus infection to initiate the adaptive immune response. Two major migratory DC subsets, CD103(+) DCs and CD11b(high) DCs participate in this function and it is not clear if these antigen presenting cell (APC) populations become directly infected and if so whether their activity is influenced by the infection. In these experiments we show that both subpopulations can become infected and migrate to the draining MLN but a difference in their response to type I interferon (I-IFN) signaling dictates the capacity of the virus to replicate. CD103(+) DCs allow the virus to replicate to significantly higher levels than do the CD11b(high) DCs, and they release infectious virus in the MLNs and when cultured ex-vivo. Virus replication in CD11b(high) DCs is inhibited by I-IFNs, since ablation of the I-IFN receptor (IFNAR) signaling permits virus to replicate vigorously and productively in this subset. Interestingly, CD103(+) DCs are less sensitive to I-IFNs upregulating interferon-induced genes to a lesser extent than CD11b(high) DCs. The attenuated IFNAR signaling by CD103(+) DCs correlates with their described superior antigen presentation capacity for naïve CD8(+) T cells when compared to CD11b(high) DCs. Indeed ablation of IFNAR signaling equalizes the competency of the antigen presenting function for the two subpopulations. Thus, antigen presentation by lung DCs is proportional to virus replication and this is tightly constrained by I-IFN. The "interferon-resistant" CD103(+) DCs may have evolved to ensure the presentation of viral antigens to T cells in I-IFN rich environments. Conversely, this trait may be exploitable by viral pathogens as a mechanism for systemic dissemination.