gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-layer continuum model for adhesive films with knitted carrier (2023)

Film adhesives are a form of composite consisting of two constituents i.e. fibrous carrier and matrix. The fracture surfaces are usually dominated by the carrier-matrix de-bonding, but it also co-exists with a minor failure related to resin closer to the adhesive–adherend interface. This investigation aims at a realistic representation of the failure modes. For this, a 3D multi-layer approach of a FM 300-2 adhesive is defined where a non-local Continuum Damage Model (CDM) is developed accounting for the proper matrix mechanism defined with lower fracture energies. The carrier-matrix de-bonding was implemented by an in-built Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) at the interfaces of the matrix-carrier layers. For the characterization and validation, the modelling was tested with the Mode I fracture response of the adhesive in joints (butt joint, BJ, and double cantilever beam specimen, DCB) and bulk form (tensile tests). Numerical results with CZM-CDM implementation agreed with the experimental data in terms of load response and representation of the failure mechanisms, when correct material constants are applied. The multi-layer damage model was able to define strength and fracture properties of the matrix phase by the prediction of failure initiation in the BJ test. Consequently, the mechanism was able to reproduce the local damage path that occurred close to the adhesive–adherend interface.
An Integrated Single-Well Approach to Evaluating Completion Effectiveness and Reservoir Properties in the Wind Dancer Field (2010)

Abstract Accelerating the learning curve in a fluvial tight-gas development program can be achieved by understanding the impact of reservoir quality and completion properties on well productivity. Too often completion changes are made over a small sample (statistical) wherein numerous parameters (proppant volumes/type, gel-loading, etc) are changed without clear accountability of the variation in local geology and reservoir quality. This complicates basic production analysis techniques and can be a costly practice to determine the direction in which optimization should proceed. Various proppants, fluid types and design schedules were analyzed to quantify the impact of these designs on productive fracture half-lengths and conductivity. Calibrated fracture propagation models were also utilized to relate these productive properties (fracture length, conductivity and permeability) to stress profile, gel-loading and proppant types via fracture propagation models. The development of calibrated mechanical properties, petrophysical models and understanding of current hydraulic fracture and reservoir properties thus enabled redesigning of future completions and the analysis of these completions. This paper demonstrates the application of appropriate fracture propagation models, rate-transient analysis and production history matching techniques to understand the direction in which completion design changes must move to increase productivity.
New reliability assessment method for solder joints in BGA package by considering the interaction between design factors (2007)

As the integration and the miniaturization of electronics devices, design space become narrower and interactions between design factors affect their reliability. This paper presents a methodology of quantifying the interaction of each design factor in electronics devices. Thermal fatigue reliability of BGA assembly was assessed with the consideration of the interaction between design factors. Sensitivity analysis shows the influence of each design factor to inelastic strain range of a solder joint characterizing the thermal fatigue life if no interaction occurs. However, there is the interaction in BGA assembly since inelastic strain range depends on not only a mismatch in CTE but also a warpage of components. Clustering can help engineers to clarify the relation between design factors. The variation in the influence was taken to quantify the interaction of each design factor. Based on the interaction, simple evaluating approach of inelastic strain range for the BGA assembly was also developed. BGA package was simplified into a homogeneous component and equivalent CTE was calculated from the warpage of BGA and PCB. The estimated equation was derived by using the response surface method as a function of design factors. Based upon these analytical results, design engineers can rate each factor's effect on reliability and assess the reliability of their basic design plan at the concept design stage.
Food intake and energy expenditure are increased in high-fat-sensitive but not in high-carbohydrate-sensitive obesity-prone rats (2014)

Obesity-prone (OP) rodents are used as models of human obesity predisposition. The goal of the present study was to identify preexisting defects in energy expenditure components in OP rats. Two studies were performed. In the first one, male Wistar rats (n = 48) were fed a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) for 3 wk and then a high-fat diet (HFD) for the next 3 wk. This study showed that adiposity gain under HCD was 2.9-fold larger in carbohydrate-sensitive (CS) than in carbohydrate-resistant (CR) rats, confirming the concept of "carbohydrate-sensitive" rats. Energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ), caloric intake (CI), and locomotor activity measured during HFD identified no differences in EE and RQ between fat-resistant (FR) and fat-sensitive (FS) rats, and indicated that obesity developed in FS rats only as the result of a larger CI not fully compensated by a parallel increase in EE. A specific pattern of spontaneous activity, characterized by reduced activity burst intensity, was identified in FS rats but not in CS ones. This mirrors a previous observation that under HCD, CS but not FS rats, exhibited bursts of activity of reduced intensity. In a second study, rats were fed a HFD for 3 wk, and the components of energy expenditure were examined by indirect calorimetry in 10 FR and 10 FS rats. This study confirmed that a low basal EE, reduced thermic effect of feeding, defective postprandial energy partitioning, or a defective substrate utilization by the working muscle are not involved in the FS phenotype.
Idempotent code generation: Implementation, analysis, and evaluation (2013)

Leveraging idempotence for efficient recovery is of emerging interest in compiler design. In particular, identifying semantically idempotent code and then compiling such code to preserve the semantic idempotence property enables recovery with substantially lower overheads than competing software techniques. However, the efficacy of this technique depends on application-, architecture-, and compiler-specific factors that are not well understood. In this paper, we develop algorithms for the code generation of idempotent code regions and evaluate these algorithms considering how they are impacted by these factors. Without optimizing for these factors, we find that typical performance overheads fall in the range of roughly 10-15%. However, manipulating application idempotent region size typically improves the run-time performance of compiled code by 2-10%, differences in the architecture instruction set affect performance by up to 15%, and knowing in the compiler whether control flow side-effects can or cannot occur can impact performance by up to 10%. Overall, we find that, with small idempotent region and careful architecture- and application-specific tuning, it is possible to bring compiler performance overheads consistently down into the single-digit percentage range. The absolute best performance occurs when constructing the largest possible idempotent regions; to this end, however, better compiler support is needed. In the interest of spurring development in this area, we open-source our LLVM compiler implementation and make it available as a research tool.
Development of a 10-J, 10-Hz laser amplifier system with cryo-cooled Yb:YAG ceramics using active-mirror method (2019)

A 11.5 J at 40 ns output has been obtained from a diode-pumped cryo-cooled Yb:YAG ceramics active-mirror laser amplifier system. The system consists of two amplifier heads which has four Yb:YAG ceramic disks and two pump LD modules. The Yb:YAG ceramics are cooled by conventional cryostat from rear side and are pumped by LD modules from front-side. A pump pulse is delivered to Yb:YAG ceramics coaxially with a seed pulse to reduce damage risk at a dielectric coating of Yb:YAG ceramics due to simplified coating design. To realize this system design, a LD module has been developed to keep a rectangle pattern with side length of around 37 mm among imaging depth of about 10cm at working distance of about 410 mm. As an experimental result of two pass amplification, a 11.5 J pulse energy was obtained with input energy of 1.0 J and total pump energy of 90.2 J. Then, an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency was 11.6% and an extraction efficiency was estimated to be 42%. In our knowledge, this is the highest output energy with nano second pulse duration in cryo-cooled Yb:YAG active-mirror laser amplification scheme. A repetition rate of 0.05 Hz depends on a limitation of a repetition rate of the seed pulse. A dependence of small-signal-gain on pumping repetition rate of the active-mirror laser head was experimentally evaluated. From the experimental result, we have estimated a feasible repetition rate of over 5 Hz. A 10 Hz operation will be demonstrated to reduce a thermal resistance between Yb:YAG ceramics and cryostat. Finally, this laser amplifier system is installed to a 100-J class laser system as preamplifier.
Unified coupled-phase model for estimation of ultrasonic attenuation in concentrated emulsions and suspensions (1996)

This paper describes a Unified Coupled Phase Continuum (UCPC) model developed to analyze sound propagation through concentrated colloidal dispersions. The viscous (thermal) coupling between the two phases is accounted for through matching terms in the equations of momentum (energy) formulated separately for each phase. Frequency and concentration dependent viscous and thermal coupling coefficients developed using the oscillating {open_quote}sphere-in-cell{close_quote} framework are employed. An approximate similarity between the {open_quote}viscous skin drag{close_quote} and {open_quote}heat transfer flux{close_quote} associated with the suspended phase is used. Expressions for the coupling coefficients explicitly account for particle size, shape factor, orientation, concentration, and the sound frequency. A closed form expression for the effective complex wave number as a function of frequency and concentration is derived for the viscothermal coupling. The UCPC model predictions of attenuation spectra provide satisfactory agreement with reported data on several concentrated suspensions and emulsions, covering a wide range of dispersed phase volume fractions, operating frequencies and particle diameters. 5 refs., 1 fig.
Intragastric Balloon Hyperinsufflation as a Cause of Acute Obstructive Abdomen (2018)

Recently, the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of the Orbera balloon for obesity treatment. However, the Food and Drug Administration later issued a warning about the possibility of 2 complications not previously reported: acute pancreatitis and balloon hyperinsufflation. This case report is intended to alert all clinicians that, although rare, cases of hyperinsufflation should be considered in patients with an intragastric balloon (IGB) and acute abdomen. IGB removal will resolve the complaints, provided there is no irreversible ischemia of the stomach walls. Care should be taken with respect to an increased risk of pulmonary aspiration at the time of balloon removal, and endotracheal intubation is highly recommended.
Time Dependence of Loudspeaker Power Output in Small Rooms (1989)

Some new calculations are described which are based on the method of image sources for determining the power output of a sound source operating within the boundaries of a listening room. The analysis presented shows that the near boundary effects are defined by the early part of a general solution evaluated as a function of time after the signal is applied. The solution for time increasing toward steady state shows the progressive influence of the room resonances as they build up
Forensic investigation of OneDrive, Box, GoogleDrive and Dropbox applications on Android and iOS devices (2016)

In today’s Internet-connected world, mobile devices are increasingly used to access cloud storage services, which allow users to access data anywhere, anytime. Mobile devices have, however, been known to be used and/or targeted by cyber criminals to conduct malicious activities, such as data exfiltration, malware, identity theft, piracy, illegal trading, sexual harassment, cyber stalking and cyber terrorism. Consequently, mobile devices are an increasing important source of evidence in digital investigations. In this paper, we examine four popular cloud client apps, namely OneDrive, Box, GoogleDrive, and Dropbox, on both Android and iOS platforms (two of the most popular mobile operating systems). We identify artefacts of forensic interest, such as information generated during login, uploading, downloading, deletion, and the sharing of files. These findings may assist forensic examiners and practitioners in real-world examination of cloud client applications on Android and iOS platforms.
Abstract 19119: National Trends and Acute In-Hospital Outcomes for Pericardiocentesis and Pericardiotomy in the United States (2012)

Background: The national utilization rates and trends of pericardiocentesis and pericardiotomy are unknown. The objective of this observational study was to characterize the trends and in-hospital mortality of pericardiocentesis and pericardiotomy in the United States. Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used to identify patients who underwent pericardiocentesis or pericardiotomy from 2005 to 2009. We evaluated their in-hospital mortality and used risk adjusted logistic regression to analyze the predictors of adverse outcomes including death. Results: A total of 131,945 patients underwent either pericardiocentesis or pericardiotomy during these five years. Pericardiocentesis was done in 49,854(37.8%) and pericardiotomy was done in 82,090 (62.2%). The per annum pericardiocentesis rate increased from 9,171 in 2005 to 11,088 in 2009 (20.9% increase) whereas the pericardiotomy rates were essentially the same during the study period. The risk adjusted in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the pericardiocentesis group than in the pericardiotomy group (15.5% versus 10.3% p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: In this observational study, we found that during the five-year study period the rates of pericardiocentesis significantly increased while pericardiotomy rates remained unchanged. The risk adjusted in-hospital mortality was significantly higher with pericardiocentesis than pericardiotomy.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon‐Directed Rhenium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions with N‐Hydroxycarbamates, N‐Hydroxysulfonamides, and Hydroxamic Acids. (2015)

Abstract In case of Cbz‐protected hydroxylamine excellent N/O‐selectivities up to 99:1 are observed.
Risk Calculation Based on Source and Destination of Attack Events (2009)

Network risk assessment has become a hot topic in the area of network security research in recent years. Risk Calculation in the risk assessment is a very important part. Some methods have been presented to resolve this problem. These methods have strengths and drawbacks. In order to achieve more actual risk assessment result of network system, this paper proposed a new network risk calculation method based on Source and Destination of attack events, the two risks to determine whether the event is a alert from two different aspects in order to reflect the security of the entire network. At the end, through the experimental results with DARPA Data sets 2000 from Lincoln laboratory, it demonstrates the potential of the proposed method.
Crystallization Behavior of Alumina Gels Prepared by Sol-Gel Method Using Nitric Acid as a Catalyst. Complete .ALPHA.-Transformation at 800.DEG.C.. (2002)

Alumina gels were prepared from aluminum-sec-butoxide by sol-gel method at 0°C using HNO3 as a catalyst. The crystallization behavior of the gel was compared with that of HCl-catalyzed alumina gels. α-Al2O3 did not form until 950°C in HNO3-catalyzed gels, while HCl-catalyzed one partially transformed to α-Al2O3 around 500°C. Corundum-seeding affected crystallization in a different way as compared to the HCl-catalyzed one, i.e., the α-transformation in the temperature range of 800 to 1000°C was better enhanced by seeding and was completed at 800°C when seeded to a level of 5 mass%. It was considered that NO3- ions assisted the building of a gel structure in which aluminum or oxide ions are readily diffused at temperatures higher than -800°C.
A New Collaborative Tool for Visually Understanding National Health Indicators (2012)

The authors propose a new online collaborative tool for visually understanding national health indicators, which facilitates the full spectrum of investigation of indicators, from an overview of all the correlation coefficients between variables, to investigation of subsets of selected variables, and to individual data element analysis. this tool is publicly accessible at http://cda.ornl.gov/heat/heatmap.html. In this paper, they discuss the key issues regarding the interface design and implementation. They also illustrate how to use their interface for analyzing the health indicator dataset by showing some key system views. In the end, they introduce and discuss some ongoing research efforts extending this work.
Robust Model Predictive Control for Switched Nonlinear Dynamic Systems (2021)

This paper discusses a new approach to model predictive control (MPC) of switched nonlinear dynamic systems. Optimal control schemes that are based on relaxation followed by integrality restoration, have been proven to be computationally efficient in handling switched systems and therefore are promising candidates for use in MPC algorithms. The main disadvantage of such schemes, however, is the inability to guarantee optimality or even feasibility of the generated solution after the integrality restoration step. For solving this problem, in this paper an upper bound of the expected integer approximation error is computed and integrated as an additive disturbance into the relaxed model used in predictions. By using robust MPC schemes, e.g., multistage MPC, the resulting uncertain system can be handled in order to guarantee feasibility of the switched system. The development of the scheme is described and its performance is illustrated via simulation studies of a nonlinear switched system with parametric uncertainty.
Supplementary Figure from Secretion of IL1 by Dedifferentiated Melanoma Cells Inhibits JAK1-STAT3–Driven Actomyosin Contractility of Lymph Node Fibroblastic Reticular Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Secretion of IL1 by Dedifferentiated Melanoma Cells Inhibits JAK1-STAT3–Driven Actomyosin Contractility of Lymph Node Fibroblastic Reticular Cells
Differences in Immunolocalization of Kim-1, RPA-1, and RPA-2 in Kidneys of Gentamicin-, Cisplatin-, and Valproic Acid-Treated Rats: Potential Role of iNOS and Nitrotyrosine (2009)

The present study compared the immunolocalization of Kim-1, renal papillary antigen (RPA)-1, and RPA-2 with that of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine in kidneys of gentamicin sulfate (Gen)- and cisplatin (Cis)-treated rats. The specificity of acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers, iNOS, and nitrotyrosine was evaluated by dosing rats with valproic acid (VPA). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected subcutaneously (sc) with 100 mg/kg/day of Gen for six or fourteen days; a single intraperitoneal (ip) dose of 1, 3, or 6 mg/kg of Cis; or 650 mg/kg/day of VPA (ip) for four days. In Gen-treated rats, Kim-1 was expressed in the epithelial cells, mainly in the S1/S2 segments but less so in the S3 segment, and RPA-1 was increased in the epithelial cells of collecting ducts (CD) in the cortex. Spatial expression of iNOS or nitrotyrosine with Kim-1 or RPA-1 was detected. In Cis-treated rats, Kim-1 was expressed only in the S3 segment cells, and RPA-1 and RPA-2 were increased in the epithelial cells of medullary CD or medullary loop of Henle (LH), respectively. Spatial expression of iNOS or nitrotyrosine with RPA-1 or RPA-2 was also identified. These findings suggest that peroxynitrite formation may be involved in the pathogenesis of Gen and Cis nephrotoxicity and that Kim-1, RPA-1, and RPA-2 have the potential to serve as site-specific biomarkers for Gen or Cis AKI.
Combination of a Transparent Firewall and a DoS Attack Detection System (2006)

Since the total traffic of the protected network must pass through the firewall to be inspected, the performance of it has a direct effect on the performance of the network behind it. In this paper to increase the efficiency of the firewall, the external attacks against the protected network, which by consuming the network resources, have an improper effect on the performance are identified
Validation of the estimation of the macrovascular contribution in multi‐timepoint arterial spin labeling MRI using a 2‐component kinetic model (2021)

Inclusion of a gamma dispersion kernel resulted in better fitting of the model to the data. The separation of the macrovascular and tissue component is affected by the inclusion of a gamma dispersion kernel and the temporal resolution of the ASL dataset.
Label-Free and Real-Time Detection of Protein Ubiquitination with a Biological Nanopore (2017)

The covalent addition of ubiquitin to target proteins is a key post-translational modification that is linked to a myriad of biological processes. Here, we report a fast, single-molecule, and label-free method to probe the ubiquitination of proteins employing an engineered Cytolysin A (ClyA) nanopore. We show that ionic currents can be used to recognize mono- and polyubiquitinated forms of native proteins under physiological conditions. Using defined conjugates, we also show that isomeric monoubiquitinated proteins can be discriminated. The nanopore approach allows following the ubiquitination reaction in real time, which will accelerate the understanding of fundamental mechanisms linked to protein ubiquitination.
Salivary LL-37 Secretion in Individuals with Down Syndrome is Normal (2006)

Antimicrobial peptides play an important role in the innate immune response. Deficiency in salivary LL-37 antimicrobial peptide has been implicated in periodontitis in patients with morbus Kostman syndrome. Down syndrome is associated with periodontitis, diminished salivary flow, and salivary immunoglobulin deficiency. In the present study, levels of LL-37 and its hCAP18 precursor were measured in saliva samples from young individuals with Down syndrome and compared with levels in those from age-matched healthy controls. LL-37 and human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (hCAP18) were detected in whole but not in parotid saliva. hCAP18 was more abundant than LL-37. The concentrations of salivary hCAP18 and LL-37 were found to be higher in individuals with Down syndrome than in healthy controls, but their secretion rates were similar. We concluded that, while the adaptive immunity of individuals with Down syndrome is impaired at the oral mucosa, the secretion rate of the LL-37 component of the innate immune system is normal.