gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Betaine Glucuronate in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (2011)

In a prospective, randomized, double-blind therapeutic trial, 191 patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis were treated for 8 weeks daily b.i.d. orally either with betaine glucuronate combined with diethanolamine glucuronate and nicotinamide ascorbate (Ietepar) (96 patients) or with undistinguishable placebo capsules (95 patients). The verum treatment effectively reduced by 25% hepatic steatosis (p < 0.01) and by 6% hepatomegaly (p < 0.05), while placebo did not significantly reduce the disorders. Verum was also more effective than placebo on discomfort in abdominal upper right quadrant. The global efficacy of treatment was rated by the doctor "very good" or "good" in 48% of verum treated patients and only in 17% after placcbo (P of difference = 9 x 10(-6)). 52% of patients self-rated efficacy as "very good" or "good" after verum and only 34% after placebo (P of difference = 0.017). The verum treatment provoked a significant reduction of the increased liver transaminases (ALT, AST and gamma-GT) while placebo was ineffective. Adverse events were recorded in 10% of verum-treated patients and in 7% under placebo (no significant difference). In both groups the adverse events were mild and transient, did not require treatment discontinuation and were undistinguishable from common symptoms of liver disorders. In conclusion, the 8-week treatment with betaine glucuronate combined with diethanolamine glucuronate and nicotinamide ascorbate was found effective in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, a disorder for which the hitherto pharmacological interventions were poorly and inconsistently effective.
Stress-strain behavior of and hyperbolic parameters for structured/cemented silts (2000)

Isotropically consolidated-drained triaxial compression tests were performed on undisturbed structured/cemented silt to gain a better understanding of the shear behavior of and hyperbolic stress-strain parameters for this material. The results show that the hyperbolic stress-strain parameters for the structured/cemented silt are anisotropic and differ significantly from the hyperbolic parameters developed for silt reconstituted at the field total unit weight and water. As the confining pressure in a triaxial compression test approaches the preconsolidation pressure, the effects of the structure/cementation are reduced due to bond breakage, and the structured/cemented silt exhibits a stress-strain behavior similar to that of reconstituted silt.
The management of VC-based switched ATM networks (2002)

The deployment of broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) networks based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network technology has created customer expectations of a telecommunications environment offering access to a multitude of service types (incorporating voice, data and graphic) accessible from a single customer access point. In addition, customers expect greater management control over the configuration and operation of such services. While first implementations of public ATM networks (such as the Pan-European ATM pilot) are already in the market place these tend to confine their service offerings to basic semi-permanent virtual path services. Satisfaction of customer service expectations requires that such networks provide customers with more dynamic control (via signalling) over the creation and deletion of customer connections. In addition, customer expectations in relation to bandwidth availability and quality of service control requires that such networks support more dynamic "on-demand" virtual path (VP) and virtual circuit (VC) connections. The successful operation of such networks requires automated management systems reflecting the operator processes involved. This paper presents the main management results of the work carried out by the Eurescom project into the specification of the management requirements to support the operation of a first Pan-European VC-based switched ATM network. The paper describes the functional architecture defined to support the specification work, the main results of the specification work and the open management issues identified by the task.
Identification of Glycopeptides as Posttranslationally Modified Neoantigens in Leukemia (2017)

Leukemias are highly immunogenic, but they have a low mutational load, providing few mutated peptide targets. Thus, the identification of alternative neoantigens is a pressing need. Here, we identify 36 MHC class I-associated peptide antigens with O-linked β-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine (<i>O</i>-GlcNAc) modifications as candidate neoantigens, using three experimental approaches. Thirteen of these peptides were also detected with disaccharide units on the same residues and two contain either mono- and/or di-methylated arginine residues. A subset were linked with key cancer pathways, and these peptides were shared across all of the leukemia patient samples tested (5/5). Seven of the <i>O</i>-GlcNAc peptides were synthesized and five (71%) were shown to be associated with multifunctional memory T-cell responses in healthy donors. An <i>O</i>-GlcNAc-specific T-cell line specifically killed autologous cells pulsed with the modified peptide, but not the equivalent unmodified peptide. Therefore, these posttranslationally modified neoantigens provide logical targets for cancer immunotherapy. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 5(5); 376-84. ©2017 AACR</i>.
A hybrid computational model to predict chemotactic guidance of growth cones (2015)

The overall strategy used by growing axons to find their correct paths during the nervous system development is not yet completely understood. Indeed, some emergent and counterintuitive phenomena were recently described during axon pathfinding in presence of chemical gradients. Here, a novel computational model is presented together with its ability to reproduce both regular and counterintuitive axonal behaviours. In this model, the key role of intracellular calcium was phenomenologically modelled through a non standard Gierer-Meinhardt system, as a crucial factor influencing the growth cone behaviour both in regular and complex conditions. This model was able to explicitly reproduce neuritic paths accounting for the complex interplay between extracellular and intracellular environments, through the sensing capability of the growth cone. The reliability of this approach was proven by using quantitative metrics, numerically supporting the similarity between in silico and biological results in regular conditions (control and attraction). Finally, the model was able to qualitatively predict emergent and counterintuitive phenomena resulting from complex boundary conditions.
A new myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor that recognizes a conserved element associated with multiple muscle-specific genes. (1989)

Exposure of skeletal myoblasts to growth factor-deficient medium results in transcriptional activation of muscle-specific genes, including the muscle creatine kinase gene (mck). Tissue specificity, developmental regulation, and high-level expression of mck are conferred primarily by a muscle-specific enhancer located between base pairs (bp) -1350 and -1048 relative to the transcription initiation site (E. A. Sternberg, G. Spizz, W. M. Perry, D. Vizard, T. Weil, and E. N. Olson, Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:2896-2909, 1988). To begin to define the regulatory mechanisms that mediate the selective activation of the mck enhancer in differentiating muscle cells, we have further delimited the boundaries of this enhancer and analyzed its interactions with nuclear factors from a variety of myogenic and nonmyogenic cell types. Deletion mutagenesis showed that the region between 1,204 and 1,095 bp upstream of mck functions as a weak muscle-specific enhancer that is dependent on an adjacent enhancer element for strong activity. This adjacent activating element does not exhibit enhancer activity in single copy but acts as a strong enhancer when multimerized. Gel retardation assays combined with DNase I footprinting and diethyl pyrocarbonate interference showed that a nuclear factor from differentiated C2 myotubes and BC3H1 myocytes recognized a conserved A + T-rich sequence within the peripheral activating region. This myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor, designated MEF-2, was undetectable in nuclear extracts from C2 or BC3H1 myoblasts or several nonmyogenic cell lines. MEF-2 was first detectable within 2 h after exposure of myoblasts to mitogen-deficient medium and increased in abundance for 24 to 48 h thereafter. The appearance of MEF-2 required ongoing protein synthesis and was prevented by fibroblast growth factor and type beta transforming growth factor, which block the induction of muscle-specific genes. A myoblast-specific factor that is down regulated within 4 h after removal of growth factors was also found to bind to the MEF-2 recognition site. A 10-bp sequence, which was shown by DNase I footprinting and diethyl pyrocarbonate interference to interact directly with MEF-2, was identified within the rat and human mck enhancers, the rat myosin light-chain (mlc)-1/3 enhancer, and the chicken cardiac mlc-2A promoter. Oligomers corresponding to the region of the mlc-1/3 enhancer, which encompasses this conserved sequence, bound MEF-2 and competed for its binding to the mck enhancer. These results thus provide evidence for a novel myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor, MEF-2, that is expressed early in the differentiation program and is suppressed by specific polypeptide growth factors. The ability of MEF-2 to recognize conserved activating elements associated with multiple-specific genes suggests that this factor may participate in the coordinate regulation of genes during myogenesis.
Electrical properties of GaTe grown by various methods (1975)

Good single crystals of gallium telluride have been grown from the melt by Bridgman-Stockbarger method, and, for the first time, from the vapour by using two methods of growth: 1) closed tube sublimation, and 2) iodine assisted chemical transport. The electrical resistivity and Hall mobility of different crystals have been measured in the temperature range from 77 to 300 °K. All the samples investigated were of p-type in the whole temperature range. The results indicate the presence of an acceptor level lying at 74 meV from the valence band in melt grown samples, while in vapour grown ones an acceptor at 152 meV is present. The parameters of these centers are determined by a best fit procedure on the basis of single-donor-single-acceptor model. The comparison between electrical and transport properties of the crystals grown from the melt and from the vapour is thoroughly discussed. Finally the value of the valence band density of states effective mass, determined for the first time for GaTe, is 0.6m_. Es wurden gute Galliumtellurid-Einkristalle aus der Schmelze nach der Bridgman-Stockbarger-Methode gezogen, und zum ersten Male aus dem Dampf mit zwei unterschiedlichen Methoden: 1) Sublimation in abgeschlossener Ampulle, und 2) durch Jod-assistierten chemischen Transport. Der elektrische Widerstand und die Hallbeweglichkeit verschiedener Kristalle wurden im Temperaturbereich von 77 bis 300 °K gemessen. Alle untersuchten Proben zeigten p-Leitung im gesamten Temperaturbereich. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Anwesenheit eines Akzeptorniveaus bei 75 meV oberhalb des Valenzbandes in Kristallen aus der Schmelze, während in den aus der Dampfphase gezogenen Kristallen ein Akzeptor bei 152 meV gefunden wird. Die Parameter dieser Zentren werden durch beste Anpassung auf der Grundlage eines isolierten-Donator-isolierten-Akzeptor-Modells bestimmt. Der Vergleich zwischen elektrischen und Transporteigenschaften der aus der Schmelze und der Dampfphase gezogenen Kristalle wird ausführlich diskutiert. Der Wert der effektiven Valenzband-Zustandsdichte-Masse, der für GaTe zum ersten Male bestimmt wurde, beträgt 0,6 m_.
Immunodominance in Tuberculosis (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Immune Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis B Cells CD4 T Cells CD8 T Cells Antigen Processing and Presentation of Mtb Antigens How Does Infection with Mtb Differ from Other Acute or Chronic Infections? Immunodominance in the CD4 T-cell Response Human Mouse Immunodominance in the CD8 T-cell Response Human Mouse Non-classically Restricted T Cells in TB Conclusions and Implications for Future Research Acknowledgments
Modeling microphysical influences on optical turbulence (2006)

Optical turbulence is important because it can significantly degrade the performance of electro-optical and infrared sensors, such as free-space laser communications and infrared imaging systems. Changes in the refractive index of air along the transmission path of an optical system in free space can influence traveling light waves temporally and spatially causing blurring, scintillation, and bean wander. If left uncompensated, these effects could cause fades and surges in transmitted signals and result in high bit errors in communicated data. An earlier paper discussed the growing need for increasingly accurate and reliable numerical models to predict optical turbulence conditions, especially in complex (non-uniform) signal propagation environments. Hence, we present a finite-difference computer model to predict the microphysical (microclimate) influences on optical turbulence (C<sub>n</sub><sup>2</sup>) around the ARL A_LOT Facility and its surroundings, e.g., forests and multiple buildings. Our multi-dimensional prototypical model begins to address optical turbulence conditions along more complex optical lines-of-site and account for inhomogeneities in C<sub>n</sub><sup>2</sup> brought about by horizontal changes in landscape, wind flow, temperature, and humidity. We anticipate that this kind of computational research will be an important vehicle for investigating C<sub>n</sub><sup>2</sup> and related laser-optic propagation effects in complex areas.
Vector Spatial Solitons: New Surprises (2000)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Y. Kivshar, "Vector Spatial Solitons: New Surprises," in Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals and Applications, T. Li, ed., Vol. 46 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optica Publishing Group, 2000), paper ThC1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Thermodynamic Compatibility, Crystallizability, Thermal, Mechanical Properties and Oil Resistance Characteristics of Nanostructure Poly (ethylene-co-methyl acrylate)/Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) Blends (2017)

Abstract This paper addresses the compatibility, morphological characteristics, crystallization, physico-mechanical properties and thermal stability of the melt mixed EMA/NBR blends. FTIR spectroscopy reveals considerable physical interaction between the polymers that explain the compatibility of the blends. DSC results confirm the same (compatibility) and reveals that NBR hinders EMA crystallization. Mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared EMA/NBR blends notably enhance with increasing the fraction of EMA in the blends. Morphology study exhibit the dispersed particles in spherical shape in the nanometer level. Swelling and oil resistance study have also been carried out in details to understand the performance behaviour of these blends at service condition
Structure and expression of the mitochondrial citrate synthase gene in carrot cells utilizing al-phosphate (1999)

Abstract We characterized the mitochondrial citrate synthase (mtCS) in selected carrot cells designated as IPG cells (Koyama et al. 1992), which showed a mtCS activity about 1.5 times higher than that of the wild-type (WT) cells. Since the CS in both cell types was completely inhibited by the addition of polyclonal antibodies raised against carrot mtCS, we assumed that the higher CS activity in the IPG cells was caused by the increase of the mtCS activity. Using a partial DNA sequence of mtCS cDNA isolated from cDNA libraries of carrot, both 3′ and 5′ regions were obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Thereafter, full-size cDNA encoding mtCS was isolated from both IPG and WT cells. There was no difference between the DNA sequences of the full-size cDNA from the two cell types. The transcript level determined by quantitative PCR analysis for mRN A was about two times higher in the IPG cells than in the WT cells. Southern hybridization analysis indicated that both cell types contained a single copy of the mtCS gene. It was concluded that the selected IPG cells showed an alteration in mtCS mRNA levels, and displayed a higher CS activity. Key Words: Al-phosphate-utilizing cellsCarrot (Daucus carota)overexpression of citrate synthase
Glioblastoma states are defined by cohabitating cellular populations with progression-, imaging- and sex-distinct patterns (2022)

Abstract Glioblastomas (GBMs) are biologically heterogeneous within and between patients. Many previous attempts to characterize this heterogeneity have classified tumors according to their omics similarities. These discrete classifications have predominantly focused on characterizing malignant cells, neglecting the immune and other cell populations that are known to be present. We leverage a manifold learning algorithm to define a low-dimensional transcriptional continuum along which heterogeneous GBM samples organize. This reveals three polarized states: invasive, immune/inflammatory, and proliferative. The location of each sample along this continuum correlates with the abundance of eighteen malignant, immune, and other cell populations. We connect these cell abundances with magnetic resonance imaging and find that the relationship between contrast enhancement and tumor composition varies with patient sex and treatment status. These findings suggest that GBM transcriptional biology is a predictably constrained continuum that contains a limited spectrum of viable cell cohabitation ecologies. Since the relationships between this ecological continuum and imaging vary with patient sex and tumor treatment status, studies that integrate imaging features with tumor biology should incorporate these variables in their design.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION, V. INCORPORATION OF LEUCINE AND GLUCOSAMINE INTO IMMUNOGLOBULIN ON FREE AND BOUND POLYRIBOSOMES (1970)

Mouse myeloma cells pulse-labeled in vitro with (3)H-leucine or (3)H-glucosamine were fractionated on sucrose gradients, and membrane-bound and free polyribosomes were separated. Nascent polypeptides released from polyribosomes were precipitated with antiserum specific for mouse immunoglobulin. The results indicate that immunoglobulin is synthesized preferentially by bound polyribosomes.
Analysis and design of lattice materials for large cord and curvature variations in skin panels of morphing wings (2015)

In the past few decades, several concepts for morphing wings have been proposed with the aim of improving the structural and aerodynamic performance of conventional aircraft wings. One of the most interesting challenges in the design of a morphing wing is represented by the skin, which needs to meet specific deformation requirements. In particular when morphing involves changes of cord or curvature, the skin is required to undergo large recoverable deformation in the actuation direction, while maintaining the desired shape and strength in the others. One promising material concept that can meet these specifications is represented by lattice materials. This paper examines the use of alternative planar lattices in the embodiment of a skin panel for cord and camber morphing of an aircraft wing. We use a structural homogenization scheme capable of capturing large geometric nonlinearity, to examine the structural performance of lattice skin concepts, as well as to tune their mechanical properties in desired directions.
Using a Digital Camera for Colorimetry of Human Teeth. (1998)

During the last 3 years plasma exchanges were undertaken in 5 patients with acute Guillain Barré syndrome (G.B.S.). All the patients were admitted in the intensive respiratory care unit and had received six plasma exchange procedures over two weeks (each procedure consists of 2-3 L exchange). The first patient improved dramatically after the second exchange. Moderate success was obtained in two patients. One patient did not show any effect. The fifth patient received plasma exchange one day after her recovery phase had begun but the course of recovery remained uneffected. The effect of plasma exchange was analysed as the patients' response to motor activity, and compared with a historical control group consisting of 50 acute G.B.S. patients admitted in the intensive respiratory care area over the last 25 years. Plasma exchange does not seem to have exerted any significant effect although at any given time the plasma exchange group had higher motor activity than that of the control group. A controlled clinical trial especially in the early phase of the disease is emphasized.
Identification and some culture conditions of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyguanosine-producing Enterobacter cloacae. (1977)

A bacterium KY 3071 that was found to produce a new aminonucleoside antibiotics, 2'-amino-2'-deoxyguanosine (2 AG), was identified as Enterobacter cloacae KY 3071. Amount of dipotassium phosphate and ammonium sulfate affected 2 AG production greatly and their concentration must be 0.2 and 15g/liter for the efficient 2 AG production, respectively. Addition of purine nucleotides promoted 2 AG production, particularly xanthosine-5'-monophosphate was most effective, and purine nucleosides, on the contrary, inhibited the 2 AG production. The maximum amounts of 2 AG were approximately 0.4g/liter after 24 hr of incubation.
Studies on Human α-Lactalbumin: Radioimmunoassay Measurements in Normal Human Breast and Breast Cancer (1977)

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for human alpha-lactalbumin, a milk protein, has been developed in order to examine the effect of prolactin on the human breast in normal and diseased states. Samples of milk from nursing mothers and from men and women with galactorrhea were found to contain milligram concentrations of this protein. In serum, 8 of 25 normal men and 18 of 44 normal women had detectable concentrations of alpha-lactalbumin. Significantly higher levels of alpha-lactalbumin were found in 17 of 19 women during pregnancy who were not actively lactating. All nursing mothers were found to have distinctly elevated serum alpha-lactalbumin concentrations. In a group of 17 female patients with phenothiazine induced prolactin elevations (mean 29.4 ng/ml), the mean serum alpha-lactalbumin of 17.3 ng/ml was significantly higher than in normal female volunteers. Patients with gynecomastia were not noted to have elevated alpha-lactalbumin. In vitro, homogenates of normal breast and carcinoma tissue from the same individuals revealed that in 9 of 17 patients alpha-lactalbumin was present in higher concentrations in normal than in cancerous tissue. Overall, alpha-lactalbumin was found in 48.5% of homogenates and 41% of organ cultures of normal breast tissue from cancer patients. In contrast, it was present in only 19% of homogenates and 21% of cultures of carcinoma tissue, indicating that the cancer tissue may lose its ability to produce alpha-lactalbumin. Differences in biologic behavior were found in some tumors. In 2 cases homogenates of breast cancer tissue had much higher concentrations of alpha-lactalbumin than the normal tissue, and in 3 of 33 tumors studied in organ culture prolactin increased alpha-lactalbumin output.