gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION FROM DAMAGE AND INTERNAL FRETTING IN ADVANCED COMPOSITES UNDER FATIGUE (2002)

Acoustic emission (AE) from advanced composites under fatigue is addressed in this paper. It is well known that composites subjected to cyclic fatigue loading exhibit gradual damage accumulation to failure. Acoustic emission analysis can be applied, in general, to characterize and quantify the damage evolution process. However, under fatigue loading, substantial AE in composites can be due to internal fretting. This emission is generated by crack face fretting and similar mechanisms and its amount can be large enough to obscure useful information on damage development in the overall AE histories. It is important to be able to recognize and eliminate this emission in order to apply the AE method to fundamental fatigue damage analysis of composites. In this paper, acoustic emission from low-cycle tension-tension fatigue of a quasiisotropic graphite-epoxy composite laminate was analyzed. The overall AE was separated into the emission from loading and unloading. The AE count, location, and load histories, and the load range distributions were generated and analyzed. The emission from the higher and lower load levels during loading and unloading was studied. It was concluded that the AE from the higher load levels during both loading and unloading was mostly from the new damage events. In contrast, the emission from the lower load levels during unloading was attributed to internal fretting. The amount of this emission comprised 13% of the overall AE for the composite studied. The origin of the emission from the lower load levels during loading could not be positively identified, based on the available data. The amount of this emission comprised 7% of the overall AE. The results provide insights on the AE behavior of composites under fatigue and can be used for the analysis of damage micromechanisms and life and for the development of predictive
Optimization of Phosphorus requirement of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) through organic and inorganic sources under current scenario of P use (2017)

A field experiment was conducted during 2015-16 at ICAR- CPRS, Gwalior M.P. during Rabi season, to determine the optimum phosphorus dose of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) through organic and inorganic sources under current scenario of P use. The experiment consisted of 10 treatments with four replications. The results revealed that both farmers practice and application of 120 Kg P2O5/ha through fertilizer produced significantly higher fresh biomass (g/plant), fresh weight of tuber(g/plant), dry weight of tuber(g/plant), NPK content in soil (kg/ha), NPK % in both tuber and haulm, yield (tuber, haulm and biological) and both these treatments were statistically at par to each other. On the other hand 100 % P2O5 through FYM recorded significantly higher number of leaves/plant. From the quadratic equation line (Y = 21.748 + 5.489 X – 0.587X2) for inorganic doses of P, 116.93 and 63.42 kg P2O5/ha were the optimum physical and economical levels, respectively for getting higher yield of tuber. Therefore, it is concluded that application of 120 and 60 Kg P2O5/ha through fertilizer was the best optimum dose of phosphorus for achieving higher optimum physical and economical productivity, respectively. Therefore, application of 60 Kg P2O5 through fertilizer is the optimum dose of phosphorus for central India.
<title>Magnetorheological elastomers: properties and applications</title> (1999)

Magnetorhelogical (MR) elastomers are viscoelastic solids whose mechanical properties are controllable by applied magnetic fields. We have developed a family of MR elastomers, comprising micrometer-sized carbonyl iron particles embedded in natural rubber, that can be processed using conventional rubber-mixing techniques. By crosslinking the elastomer in the presence of an applied magnetic field, field-induced interparticle interactions promote the formation of particle chains and columns aligned along the field direction. The resulting composites possess field- dependent of the mechanical properties of MR elastometers enables the construction of controllable elastomeric components, such as suspension bushings, that may prove advantageous in some automotive applications.
Donor and Acceptor Behavior in a Polyfluorene for Photovoltaics (2007)

We investigate photovoltaic devices based on a red-absorbing conjugated polymer poly(2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4‘,7‘-di-2-thienyl-2‘,1‘,3‘-benzothiadiazole)) (APFO-3). We show that the polymer acts as an electron donor when blended with ZnO nanoparticles, giving a short-circuit quantum efficiency of 28%. When blended with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), however, the APFO-3 acts as an electron acceptor, giving a short-circuit quantum efficiency of 12%. We study this charge-transfer process by comparing photoinduced absorption spectra of the hybrid blends with the absorption spectra of chemically doped APFO-3, which allows us to distinguish features due to positive and negative polarons. We also present dark current measurements of single-carrier devices which demonstrate that APFO-3 has similar mobilities for electrons and holes, consistent with ambipolar behavior in photovoltaic devices.
AID dysregulation in lupus-prone MRL/Faslpr/lprmice increases class switch DNA recombination and promotes interchromosomalc-Myc/IgHloci translocations: Modulation by HoxC4 (2011)

Immunoglobulin gene somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch DNA recombination (CSR) play important roles in the generation of autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Systemic lupus is characterized by the production of an array of pathogenic high-affinity mutated and class-switched, mainly IgG, antibodies to a variety of self-antigens, including nuclear components, such as dsDNA, histones, and chromatin. We previously found that MRL/Fas(lpr/lpr) mice, which develop a systemic autoimmune syndrome sharing many features with human lupus, display greatly upregulated CSR, particularly to IgG2a, in B cells of the spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. In MRL/Fas(lpr/lpr) mice, the significant upregulation of CSR is associated with increased expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which is critical for CSR and SHM. We also found that HoxC4 directly activates the promoter of the AID gene to induce AID expression, CSR and SHM. Here, we show that in both lupus patients and lupus-prone MRL/Fas(lpr/lpr) mice, the expression of HoxC4 and AID is significantly upregulated. To further analyze the role of HoxC4 in lupus, we generated HoxC4(-/-) MRL/Fas(lpr/lpr) mice. In these mice, HoxC4-deficiency resulted in reduced AID expression, impaired CSR, and decreased serum anti-dsDNA IgG, particularly IgG2a, autoantibodies, which were associated with a reduction in IgG deposition in kidney glomeruli. In addition, consistent with our previous findings in MRL/Fas(lpr/lpr) mice that upregulated AID expression is associated with extensive DNA lesions, comprising deletions and insertions in the IgH locus, we found that c-Myc to IgH (c-Myc/IgH) translocations occur frequently in B cells of MRL/Fas(lpr/lpr) mice. The frequency of such translocations was significantly reduced in HoxC4(-/-) MRL/Fas(lpr/lpr) mice. These findings suggest that in lupus B cells, upregulation of HoxC4 plays a major role in dysregulation of AID expression, thereby increasing CSR and autoantibody production and promoting c-Myc/IgH translocations.
Supplementary Figure 2 from (+)-2-(1-Hydroxyl-4-Oxocyclohexyl) Ethyl Caffeate Suppresses Solar UV-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis by Targeting PI3K, ERK1/2, and p38 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 115 KB, HOEC suppresses solar UV-induced AKT, ATF2 and c-Fos phosphorylation levels and PCNA protein levels in mouse skin tissues. At week 30, all mice were sacrificed and skin tissue collected from mice treated or not treated with HOEC and solar UV. Tissues were immediately frozen and kept at -80 degrees C. Tissues were homogenized with lysis buffer and incubated for another 60 min and centrifuged twice. The supernatant fraction was collected for Western blot analysis as described in Materials and Methods. The levels of phosphorylated and total target proteins in mouse skin and tumor tissues were analyzed by Western blot. Representative results from 3 independent blots are shown (n = 6). The abundance of each band relative to its own total protein and/or beta-actin was quantified, respectively, and the means are labeled above each blot. The control levels were set at 1. The asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) between vehicle-treated and solar UV-induced phorphorylation levels. The asterisks (**) indicate a significant difference between untreated and HOEC-treated groups (p &lt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;
ANALYSIS OF DISPERSION ON A SPHERE (1956)

The probability density on a sphere, exp (κ cos θ′), where θ′ is the angle between the polar and observation vectors, has recently been suggested by Fisher for the analysis of palaeo-magnetic data. In this paper, a series of approximate tests of significance is given for hypotheses about the precision constant κ and the polar vector
Optimal Dispersal of Certificate Chains (2007)

We consider a network where users can issue certificates that identify the public keys of other users in the network. The issued certificates in a network constitute a set of certificate chains between users. A user u can obtain the public key of another user v from a certificate chain from u to v in the network. For the certificate chain from u to v, u is called the source of the chain and v is called the destination of the chain. Certificates in each chain are dispersed between the source and destination of the chain such that the following condition holds. If any user u needs to securely send messages to any other user v in the network, then u can use the certificates stored in u and v to obtain the public key of v (then u can use the public key of v to set up a shared key with v to securely send messages to v). The cost of dispersing certificates in a set of chains among the source and destination users in a network is measured by the total number of certificates that need to be stored in all users. A dispersal of a set of certificate chains in a network is optimal if no other dispersal of the same chain set has a strictly lower cost. In this paper, we show that the problem of computing optimal dispersal of a given chain set is NP-complete. Thus, minimizing the total number of certificates stored in all users is NP--complete. We identify three special classes of chain sets that are of practical interests and devise three polynomial-time algorithms that compute optimal dispersals for each class. We also present two polynomial-time extensions of these algorithms for more general classes of chain sets.
Simultaneous electrical and optical membrane fusion precedes secretoi during exocytosis of beige mouse in (capacitance measurements/video microscopy/GTP/osmotic/vesicle (2016)

Mast cells show dramatic morphological changes when undergoing exocytosis. We have investigated whether the first of those morphological changes, swelling of the secretory granule, precedes-and therefore possibly ini- tiates-secretion or whether it occurs after fusion of the granule and plasma membranes. We used cell membrane capacitance to detect the moment when granule and plasma membrane become continuous. We measured large capacitance increases, often preceded by transients in capacitance. The rise-times of the capacitance increases were half-maximal at 2-59 msec. We observed cells with high-resolution video microscopy while these measurements were done. The capacitance increase always preceded the granular swelling that leads to exocytosis. To rule out the possibility that fusion was induced by a mechanical stress imparted by the internal pressure of a taut granule, we performed control experiments using cells in which vesicles were shrunken with hyperosmotic solutions. With these flaccid granules, again, the capacitance rise always preceded the swelling of the granules. We conclude that swelling cannot be the driving force for membrane fusion in this system. Even though membrane fusion is widely studied and is known to control a large set of cellular secretory processes, there is still little idea whether the membrane contact and continuity that define fusion precede or follow the mechanical disrup- tions that are morphologically seen as exocytosis. As is well recognized, when membrane continuity is established, the capacitance of the cell membrane increases (1). In a number of systems, granular swelling is clearly associated with exocytosis and exocytosis is clearly inhibited by hyperos- motic solutions (2, 3); these indirect experiments support the hypothesis that osmotic swelling is the driving force for exocytosis. However, in the digitonin-treated chromaffin cell, Holz and Senter showed that shrunken vesicles undergo exocytosis (4). If osmotic swelling drives membrane fusion, then swelling must precede fusion. In the beige mouse, peritoneal mast cells typically have a few (1-10) large (2-6 um in diameter) degranulating secre- tory granules (5, 6). This cell allows the detection of minute granular swelling by quantitative light microscopy, and the small number of granules allows us to correlate capacitive changes with individual secretory events. In this study we have combined patch clamp observation of cell membrane capacitance with video-enhanced microscopic observation of granular swelling to show that electrical events characteristic of fusion clearly precede the granular swelling that develops into the secretion of granular contents in mast cells of beige mice.
MIMO robust predictive control applied to a three tanks system (2008)

This paper provides an application of linear and nonlinear multivariable robust predictive control to a three tanks system. The design of the nonlinear solution is based on a Multi-Input Multi-Output Nonlinear Auto Regressive with eXogenous outputs (MIMO-NARX) model and the linear controller considers a MIMO Controlled Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (MIMO-CARIMA) model. Polytopic uncertainties and structured uncertainties are adopted in order to take into account the uncertain physical dynamics of the system. Using worst case strategy, the control law is obtained by the resolution of a min-max optimization problem. However, the performance criterion to be optimized is non-convex. A genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the control problem. The efficiency of the developed strategies is illustrated on a three tanks system.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynes (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: Trace H2O2‐Assisted High‐Capacity Tungsten Oxide Electrochromic Batteries with Ultrafast Charging in Seconds. (2016)

Abstract W 18 O 49 nanowires are grown on an FTO‐coated glass substrate by hydrothermal treatment of a WCl 6 in EtOH solution (180 °C, 12 h) followed by annealing in Ar at 200 °C.
Functional Characterization of Ocular-Derived Human Alphaherpesvirus Cross-Reactive CD4 T Cells (2014)

Intraocular varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and HSV type 1 (HSV-1) infections cause sight-threatening uveitis. The disease is characterized by an intraocular inflammatory response involving herpesvirus-specific T cells. T cell reactivity to the noncausative human alphaherpesvirus (αHHV) is commonly detected in the affected eyes of herpetic uveitis patients, suggesting the role of cross-reactive T cells in the disease. This study aimed to identify and functionally characterize intraocular human alphaherpesvirus cross-reactive T cells. VZV protein immediate early 62 (IE62), which shares extensive homology with HSV ICP4, is a previously identified T cell target in VZV uveitis. Two VZV-specific CD4 T cell clones (TCC), recovered from the eye of a VZV uveitis patient, recognized the same IE62918-927 peptide using different TCR and HLA-DR alleles. The IE62918-927 peptide bound with high affinity to multiple HLA-DR alleles and was recognized by blood-derived T cells of 5 of 17 HSV-1/VZV-seropositive healthy adults but not in cord blood donors (n = 5). Despite complete conservation of the IE62 epitope in the orthologous protein ICP4 of HSV-1 and HSV-2, the TCC recognized VZV and HSV-1- but not HSV-2-infected B cells. This was not attributed to proximal epitope-flanking amino acid polymorphisms in HSV-2 ICP4. Notably, VZV/HSV-1 cross-reactive CD4 T cells controlled VZV but not HSV-1 infection of human primary retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. In conclusion, we report on the first VZV/HSV-1 cross-reactive CD4 T cell epitope, which is HLA-DR promiscuous and immunoprevalent in coinfected individuals. Moreover, ocular-derived peptide-specific CD4 TCC controlled VZV but not HSV-1 infection of RPE cells, suggesting that HSV-1 actively inhibits CD4 T cell activation by infected human RPE cells.
Video Imaging and Documentation (2012)

Video imaging and documentation technologies have become commonplace in urologic practice. Improvements in video imaging technology have allowed significant advancements in endourology and minimally invasive urologic surgery. Digital endoscopes, 3D video imaging, high-definition cameras and monitors, and image-guided surgery are facilitating the performance of ever more complex endourologic procedures. Training for these procedures has been advanced by technologies such as virtual-reality simulators and telementoring. As these technologies continue to improve, their use will become more widespread. This chapter will review the current state of the art of video imaging and documentation systems within endourology. Technologic advances and their application in current endourologic practice will be discussed. It is anticipated that this information will help the reader to enhance their video-imaging practices today, and also prepare them for tomorrow's tremendous innovations in advanced imaging modalities.
Identification of the Glomerular Podocyte as a Target for Growth Hormone Action (2007)

GH excess in both the human and transgenic animal models is characterized by significant changes in blood pressure and renal function. The GH/GH receptor (GHR) axis is also implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy. However, it is not clear whether GH's actions on renal function are due to indirect actions mediated via changes in blood pressure and vascular tone or due to direct action of GH on the kidney. We hypothesized that functional GHRs are expressed on the glomerular podocyte enabling direct actions of GH on glomerular function. Real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis of murine podocyte cells (MPC-5) and kidney glomeruli demonstrated expression of GHR mRNA and protein. Exposure of both murine and human podocytes to GH (50-500 ng/ml) resulted in an increase in abundance of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-5, Janus kinase-2, and ERK1/2 proteins. Exposure of podocytes to GH also caused changes in the intracellular distribution of the Janus kinase-2 adapter protein Src homology 2-Bbeta, stimulation of focal adhesion kinase, increase in reactive oxygen species, and GH-dependent changes in the actin cytoskeleton. We conclude that glomerular podocytes express functional GHRs and that GH increases levels of reactive oxygen species and induces reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in these cells. These results provide a novel mechanistic link between GH's actions and glomerular dysfunction in disorders such as acromegaly and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Learning Generative Models via Discriminative Approaches (2007)

Generative model learning is one of the key problems in machine learning and computer vision. Currently the use of generative models is limited due to the difficulty in effectively learning them. A new learning framework is proposed in this paper which progressively learns a target generative distribution through discriminative approaches. This framework provides many interesting aspects to the literature. From the generative model side: (1) A reference distribution is used to assist the learning process, which removes the need for a sampling processes in the early stages. (2) The classification power of discriminative approaches, e.g. boosting, is directly utilized. (3) The ability to select/explore features from a large candidate pool allows us to make nearly no assumptions about the training data. From the discriminative model side: (1) This framework improves the modeling capability of discriminative models. (2) It can start with source training data only and gradually "invent" negative samples. (3) We show how sampling schemes can be introduced to discriminative models. (4) The learning procedure helps to tighten the decision boundaries for classification, and therefore, improves robustness. In this paper, we show a variety of applications including texture modeling and classification, non-photorealistic rendering, learning image statistics/denoising, and face modeling. The framework handles both homogeneous patterns, e.g. textures, and inhomogeneous patterns, e.g. faces, with nearly an identical parameter setting for all the tasks in the learning stage.
A Prospective Comparison of Groin-Related Complications After Hip Arthroscopy With and Without a Perineal Post (2022)

Postless hip arthroscopy resulted in no risk of groin-related complications as compared with traditional hip arthroscopy with a perineal post.
Stochastic nucleation processes and substrate abundance explain time-dependent freezing in supercooled droplets (2020)

Atmospheric immersion freezing (IF), a heterogeneous ice nucleation process where an ice nucleating particle (INP) is immersed in supercooled water, is a dominant ice formation pathway impacting the hydrological cycle and climate. Implementation of IF derived from field and laboratory data in cloud and climate models is difficult due to the high variability in spatio-temporal scales, INP composition, and morphological complexity. We demonstrate that IF can be consistently described by a stochastic nucleation process accounting for uncertainties in the INP surface area. This approach accounts for time-dependent freezing, a wide range of surface areas and challenges phenomenological descriptions typically used to interpret IF. The results have an immediate impact on the current description, interpretation, and experiments of IF and its implementation in models. The findings are in accord with nucleation theory, and thus should hold for any supercooled liquid material that nucleates in contact with a substrate.
A fresh look at the Laponite phase diagram (2011)

By reviewing experimental and theoretical works, we discuss the phase diagram of Laponite suspensions, with the aim of clarifying several issues that have caused a long-time controversy on the system. We claim that, if aging and sample preparation are correctly taken into account, a unifying picture emerges from different experimental studies. Multiple non-ergodic states are identified, including a low concentration equilibrium gel and a high concentration Wigner glass in the absence of salt. These findings are critically discussed also with respect to recent evidence of phase separation at extremely low densities and to existing theoretical and numerical works.
Orientation selective deep brain stimulation (2017)

The described strategies identify a new course for selective neuromodulation paradigms in DBS based on axonal fiber orientation.