gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Seasonality: A Global Overview (2018)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infections in children. By the age of 1 year, 60%-70% of children have been infected by RSV. In addition, early-life RSV infection is associated with the development of recurrent wheezing and asthma in infancy and childhood. The need for precise epidemiologic data regarding RSV as a worldwide pathogen has been growing steadily as novel RSV therapeutics are reaching the final stages of development. To optimize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of RSV infection in a timely manner, knowledge about the differences in the timing of the RSV epidemics worldwide is needed. Previous analyses, based on literature reviews of individual reports obtained from medical databases, have failed to provide global country seasonality patterns. Until recently, only certain countries have been recording RSV incidence through their own surveillance systems. This analysis was based on national RSV surveillance reports and medical databases from 27 countries worldwide. This is the first study to use original-source, high-quality surveillance data to establish a global, robust, and homogeneous report on global country-specific RSV seasonality.
A Bidirectional Power Charging Control Strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2019)

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) have the potential of providing frequency regulation due to the adjustment of power charging. Based on the stochastic nature of the daily mileage and the arrival and departure time of Electric Vehicles (EVs), a precise bidirectional charging control strategy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles by considering the State of Charge (SoC) of the batteries and simultaneous voltage and frequency regulation is presented in this paper. The proposed strategy can control the batteries charge which are connected to the grid, and simultaneously regulate the voltage and frequency of the power grid during the charging time based on the available power when different events occur over a 24-h period. The simulation results prove the validity of the proposed control strategy in coordinating plug-in hybrid electric vehicles aggregations and its significant contribution to the peak reduction, as well as power quality improvement. The case study in this paper consists of detailed models of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), diesel generator and wind farm, a generic aggregation of EVs with various charging profiles, and different loads. The test system is simulated and analyzed in MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Update on the human iodothyronine selenodeiodinases, the enzymes regulating the activation and inactivation of thyroid hormone (1997)

Conference Article| May 01 1997 Update on the human iodothyronine selenodeiodinases, the enzymes regulating the activation and inactivation of thyroid hormone P. R. Larsen P. R. Larsen 1Thyroid Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1997) 25 (2): 588–592. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0250588 Article history Received: November 04 1996 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation P. R. Larsen; Update on the human iodothyronine selenodeiodinases, the enzymes regulating the activation and inactivation of thyroid hormone. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1997; 25 (2): 588–592. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0250588 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: DEPC, diethylpyrocarbonate, Dn, type n deiodinase, PTU, propylthiouracil, rT3, 3,3′,5′,-tri-iodothyronine, SECIS, selenocysteine insertion sequence, T3, 3,3′,5-tri-iodothyronine, T4, thyroxine; TR, T3 receptor This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Low-complexity joint channel estimation and decoding for pilot symbol-assisted modulation and multiple differential detection systems with correlated Rayleigh fading (2002)

Joint channel estimation and decoding in a time-varying Rayleigh fading channel is considered. Knowing that the optimal solution or even the truncated near-optimal solution using iterative processing has an exponential complexity which hinders the practicability, a reduced complexity approach is proposed. This approach keeps the existing channel estimation and decoding schemes almost intact, while applying iterative processing to effectively exchange information between them. Thus, the complexity is rendered linear, and estimator adaptability can be easily established. We apply this approach to pilot symbol-assisted modulation (PSAM) and differentially modulated systems. It turns out that the performance is improved and the robustness to fading parameters is enhanced. Through simulations, we also show that the proposed method performs almost as well as the near-optimal design.
High Strain Rate Response of Cross-Linked and Linear PVC Cores (2004)

The compressive response of cross-linked and linear PVC foam core materials, namely, H130 and HD130 having identical densities were evaluated. Both cores were subjected to compressive loading at various strain rates ranging from quasi-static to 1560 s1. At quasi-static loading, the compressive strength of the H grade was approximately 30% higher than the HD grade. On the other hand, at HSR loading the HD grade was 20% higher. HSR tests were also conducted at various temperatures ranging from 25 to 12°C. It was observed that degradation of strength was more severe for the HD grade as temperatures increased. A recovery of the cores original volume was also noticed during high strain rate and elevated temperature tests. Accordingly, residual properties were determined. Results show that only the residual properties of the HD grade were affected by temperature.
Region-of-interest-based ultra-low-bit-rate video coding (2008)

In this paper, we present a region-of-interest-based video coding system for use in real-time applications. Region-of-interest (ROI) coding methodology specifies that targets or ROIs be coded at higher fidelity using a greater number of available bits, while the remainder of the scene or background is coded using a fewer number of bits. This allows the target regions within the scene to be well preserved, while dramatically reducing the number of bits required to code the video sequence, thus reducing the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements. In the proposed system, the ROI contours can be selected arbitrarily by the user via a graphical user interface (GUI), or they can be specified via a text file interface by an automated process such as a detection/tracking algorithm. Additionally, these contours can be specified at either the transmitter or receiver. Contour information is efficiently exchanged between the transmitter and receiver and can be adjusted on the fly and in real time. Coding results are presented for both electro-optical (EO) and infrared (IR) video sequences to demonstrate the performance of the proposed system.
A new "mixed-mode" base current degradation mechanism in bipolar transistors (2003)

A new "mixed-mode" base current degradation mechanism has been identified in bipolar transistors, and is compared with other known stress mechanisms. 2-D simulations are used to shed light on the physical origins of the phenomena.
Punishing Experts, or Protecting the Courts? (2005)

We believe that there are several misstatements and factual reporting errors in the article Punishing Medical Experts for Unethical Testimony: A Step in the Right Direction or a Step too Far?, by David Resnik. To begin, the article seems to have taken news accounts and plaintiff documents as source material in factual analysis of the Lustgarten case. However, the transcripts of hearings and depositions in this case are publicly available from the NCMB, and have been analyzed on the website of the Coalition and Center for Ethical Medical Testimony, correcting some of the misinformation promulgated by the press.
Ephrin-Bs Drive Junctional Downregulation and Actin Stress Fiber Disassembly to Enable Wound Re-epithelialization (2015)

For a skin wound to successfully heal, the cut epidermal-edge cells have to migrate forward at the interface between scab and healthy granulation tissue. Much is known about how lead-edge cells migrate, but very little is known about the mechanisms that enable active participation by cells further back. Here we show that ephrin-B1 and its receptor EphB2 are both upregulated in vivo, just for the duration of repair, in the first 70 or so rows of epidermal cells, and this signal leads to downregulation of the molecular components of adherens and tight (but not desmosomal) junctions, leading to loosening between neighbors and enabling shuffle room among epidermal cells. Additionally, this signaling leads to the shutdown of actomyosin stress fibers in these same epidermal cells, which may act to release tension within the wound monolayer. If this signaling axis is perturbed, then disrupted healing is a consequence in mouse and man.
Supplementary Table 2 from Tumor-Resident Stromal Cells Promote Breast Cancer Invasion through Regulation of the Basal Phenotype (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Correlation of individual genes from the ECM module with the Krt14 gene signature&lt;/p&gt;
Active retinal tracker for clinical optical coherence tomography systems (2005)

An active, hardware-based retinal tracker is integrated with a clinical optical coherence tomography (OCT) system to investigate the effects of stabilization on acquisition of high-resolution retinal sections. The prototype retinal tracker locks onto common fundus features, detects transverse eye motion via changes in feature reflectance, and positions the OCT diagnostic beam to fixed coordinates on the retina with mirrors driven by a feedback control loop. The system is tested in a full clinical protocol on subjects with normal and glaucomatous eyes. Experimental analysis software is developed to coalign and coadd multiple fundus and OCT images and to extract quantitative information on the location of structures in the images. Tracking is highly accurate and reproducible on all but one subject, resulting in the ability to scan the same retinal location continually over long periods of time. The results show qualitative improvement in 97% of coadded OCT scans and a reduction in the variance of the position of the optic disc cup edge to less than 1 pixel (< 60 microm). The tracking system can be easily configured for use in research on ultra-high-resolution OCT systems for advanced image modalities. For example, tracking will enable very high density 3-D scans of the retina, which are susceptible to eye motion artifacts even for new high-speed systems.
Process communication in medical software development (2013)

ABSTRACT This paper describes a case study on using the Eclipse Process Framework in a medical software development organization to consolidate existing process descriptions. Although on nonmedical fields the Eclipse Process Framework was successfully used for process modeling and aiding process improvement efforts, the complex nature of the regulatory and process standard requirements on the medical software field needs special attention. In this environment, compliance to the regulatory is more important than improvement, so the process modeling has to implement these requirements in a very strict way, while supporting the business goals of the organization and enabling the improvement of the processes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Luminescent Rhenium(I) Polypyridine Fluorous Complexes as Novel Trifunctional Biological Probes (2011)

We present the synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of three luminescent rhenium(I) polypyridine fluorous complexes [Re(Me(2)bpy)(CO)(3)(L)](PF(6)) (Me(2)bpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine; L = 3-amino-5-(N-((3-perfluorooctyl)propyl)aminocarbonyl)pyridine (py-Rf-NH(2)) (1), 3-isothiocyanato-5-(N-((3-perfluorooctyl)propyl)aminocarbonyl)pyridine (py-Rf-NCS) (2), 3-ethylthioureidyl-5-(N-((3-perfluorooctyl)propyl)aminocarbonyl)pyridine (py-Rf-TU-C(2)H(5)) (3)). The isothiocyanate complex 2 has been used to label bovine serum albumin (BSA) and glutathione (GSH). The photophysical properties of the resultant bioconjugates have been studied. The isolation of the luminescent fluorous rhenium-GSH conjugate from a mixture of 20 amino acids has been demonstrated using fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE). Additionally, the cytotoxicity of complexes 1 and 3 toward HeLa cells has been examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cellular uptake properties of complex 3 have also been investigated by laser-scanning confocal microscopy.
Optic Fiber Distributed Temperature for Fracture Stimulation Diagnostics and Well Performance Evaluation (2009)

Abstract This paper summarizes applications of optic fiber (OF) distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology for hydraulic fracturing stimulation diagnostics and well performance evaluation in unconventional gas well completions. Results are presented for temporary "call-out" deployments, velocity string installations, and permanent "behind casing" installations in vertical and horizontal wellbores. It is demonstrated that OF-DTS enables quantitative inflow distribution measurement for well performance evaluations in commingled multiple interval completions. OF-DTS is also shown to demonstrate the near wellbore dynamic placement characteristics during hydraulic fracture stimulation operations and, in one example, enables a superior volume distribution evaluation than radioactive (RA) tracer surveys. OF-DTS is demonstrated to be complimentary to RA tracer surveys in some cases. Additionally, this technology is being applied successfully for validation of hydraulic fracture containment in disposal well injection applications.
Stretch-Induced Activation of AMP Kinase in the Lung Requires Dystroglycan (2008)

Lung cells are exposed to cyclic stretch during normal respiration and during positive pressure mechanical ventilation administered to support gas exchange. Dystroglycan is a ubiquitously expressed matrix receptor that is required for normal basement membrane formation during embryogenesis and for maintaining the function of skeletal muscle myocytes and neurons where it links cells to matrix. We previously reported that equibiaxial stretch of primary alveolar epithelial cells activated the MAP kinase pathway ERK1/2 through a mechanism that required an interaction between dystroglycan and matrix. We determined whether this mechanism of mechanotransduction activates other signaling cascades in lung epithelium. Exposure of rat epithelial alveolar type II cells (AEC) to cyclic mechanical stretch resulted in activation of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This response was not affected by pretreatment of AEC with the ERK inhibitor PD98059 but was inhibited by knockdown in dystroglycan expression. Moreover, production of reactive oxygen species was enhanced in mechanically stimulated AEC in which dystroglycan was knocked down. This enhancement was reversed by treatment of AEC with an AMPK activator. Activation of AMPK was also observed in lung homogenates from mice after 15 minutes of noninjurious mechanical ventilation. Furthermore, knockdown of dystroglycan in the lungs of mice using an adenovirus encoding a dystroglycan shRNA prevented the stretch-induced activation of AMPK. These results suggest that exposure to cyclic stretch activates the metabolic sensing pathway AMPK in the lung epithelium and supports a novel role for dystroglycan in this mechanotransduction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Partially Hydrogenated 2,2′‐Bis(diphenylphosphenyl)‐1,1′‐ binaphthyl (BINAP) Ligands and Their Application to Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Equivalent Relative Utility Metric for Evaluating Screening Mammography (2009)

Comparative studies of performance in screening mammography are often ambiguous. A new method will frequently show a higher sensitivity or detection rate than an existing standard with a concomitant increase in false positives or recalls. The authors propose an equivalent relative utility (ERU) metric based on signal detection theory to quantify screening performance in such comparisons. The metric is defined as the relative utility, as defined in classical signal detection theory, needed to make 2 systems equivalent. ERU avoids the problem of requiring a predefined putative relative utility, which has limited application of utility theory in receiver operating characteristic analysis. The metric can be readily estimated from recall and detection rates commonly reported in comparative clinical studies. An important practical advantage of ERU is that in prevalence matched populations, the measure can be estimated without an independent estimate of disease prevalence. Thus estimating ERU does not require a study with long-term follow-up to find cases of missed disease. The approach is applicable to any comparative screening study that reports results in terms of recall and detection rates, although the authors focus exclusively on screening mammography in this work. They derive the ERU from the definition of utility given in classical treatments of signal detection theory. They also investigate reasonable values of relative utility in screening mammography for use in interpreting ERU using data from a large clinical study. As examples of application of ERU, they reanalyze 2 recently published reports using recall and detection rates in screening mammography.
Dual-dictionary learning-based iterative image reconstruction for spectral computed tomography application (2012)

In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of a novel iterative reconstruction (IR) method coupled with dual-dictionary learning (DDL) for image reconstruction in a dedicated breast computed tomography (CT) system based on a cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) photon-counting detector and compared it to the filtered-back-projection (FBP) method with the ultimate goal of reducing the number of projections necessary for reconstruction without sacrificing the image quality. Postmortem breast samples were scanned in a fan-beam CT system and were reconstructed from 100 to 600 projections with both IR and FBP methods. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between the glandular and adipose tissues of the postmortem breast samples was calculated to compare the quality of images reconstructed from IR and FBP. The spatial resolution of the two reconstruction techniques was evaluated using aluminum (Al) wires with diameters of 643, 813, 1020, 1290 and 1630 µm in a plastic epoxy resin phantom with a diameter of 13 cm. Both the spatial resolution and the CNR were improved with IR compared to FBP for the images reconstructed from the same number of projections. In comparison with FBP reconstruction, the CNR was improved from 3.4 to 7.5 by using the IR method with six-fold fewer projections while maintaining the same spatial resolution. The study demonstrated that the IR method coupled with DDL could significantly reduce the required number of projections for a CT reconstruction compared to the FBP method while achieving a much better CNR and maintaining the same spatial resolution. From this, the radiation dose and scanning time can potentially be reduced by a factor of approximately 6 by using this IR method for image reconstruction in a CZT-based breast CT system.
On the Reversibility of Hydrogen-Storage Reactions in Ca(BH4)2: Characterization via Experiment and Theory (2009)

With 11.6 wt % H2, Ca(BH4)2 is a promising hydrogen-storage candidate material provided the issue of reversibility can be addressed. We investigate theoretically and experimentally the structure and reversibility of Ca(BH4)2 in (de)hydrogenation reactions, including an intermediate CaB12H12 phase. From our first-principles calculations, we predict several polymorphs of CaB12H12 that compete in energy in dehydrogenation (within 1 kJ/mol-H2), indicating no long-range ordered state is likely. Our experimental microchemical analysis and structural characterization of the dehydrogenated Ca(BH4)2 show that the intermediate phase is amorphous-like. Theoretically determined X-ray diffraction patterns for all coexisting Ca(BH4)2, CaH2, and CaB12H12 polymorphic phases reproduce the observed diffraction peaks. The calculated reaction formation enthalpies versus H-content reveal limited reversibility, as CaB12H12 is energetically very favorable. Our results suggest the (de)hydrogenation process for Ca(BH4)2 via CaB12H12 intermediates is reversible, but, due to its stability, full release of H2 between Ca(BH4)2 and CaH2 + CaB6 (or B) is not possible except at high temperature. Thus, Ca(BH4)2 has limited viability as a reversible on-board storage material for vehicular applications, although it may hold some promise as a chemical hydride.
FLUCTUATING DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE FOR AIR-WATER TWO-PHASE FLOW (2002)

The differential pressure fluctuation appearing from the two phase flow contains much information about the mixture fluid flowing,which is one of important research work to realize the flowage measurement and automatic controlling.The statistical and fractal feature of fluctuating differential pressure for air water two phase flow in the upward section of U type tube was investigated in the present paper. Specially, the mean, the root mean square, the fractal dimension and their variety vs gas superficial velocity are emphasized. The results show that the features have close relationship with flow pattern, but they have less practicality to be used to identify the transitions of flow patterns. Whereas, the root mean square can be used as a criteria under the condition of low liquid superficial velocity, while it is invalid under the condition of high liquid superficial velocity. In addition, the referenced research results cannot be applied to the present work, which the flow patterns can be identified with the possibility density function. The fractal dimension of the fluctuations are lower than 1.5 in all flow regimes besides the annular flow with great gas superficial velocity. At the same time, the liquid superficial velocity influences the chaotic strongly. The future investigation is needed to understand the chaotic feature.