gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diminished distractor filtering with increased perceptual load and sustained effort explains attention deficit in post-stroke fatigue (2022)

Abstract Objectives Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a prevalent symptom associated with attention deficits. However, it is currently unclear what drives these. Here we applied Load Theory of Attention to investigate the role of perceptual load in the relationship between attention, distraction, and fatigue levels in PSF. Methods Thirty-two chronic stroke survivors performed a selective attention task under different perceptual load levels. Neural responses to targets and distractors were measured with frequency-tagged EEG responses. Results We showed that Fatigue Severity Scale-7 (FSS-7) scores are predictive of slower responses, irrespective of the task level of perceptual load. Although average distractor frequency (10Hz) power was reduced with higher perceptual load, the reduction in 10Hz power with increasing task load, was smaller in those with higher FSS-7 scores. Higher FSS-7 scores were also associated with increased 10Hz distractor response as time progressed, both within task-trials and across the experiment duration. Conclusion The results are consistent with previous reports of slower processing speed and sustained selective attention deficits. Importantly they demonstrate that higher fatigue severity is associated with a reduced ability to suppress neural response to irrelevant distractors stimuli when the task demands more attention due to its increased perceptual load. An account for attention deficit in PSF based on a distractor filtering deficit that emerges with increased perceptual load and sustained effort can explain a myriad of PSF symptoms (e.g. sensory perceptual overload, and difficulties to concentrate). Key messages What is already known on this topic ➢ Post-stroke fatigue involves mental fatigue which is exacerbated in cognitively demanding task, as well as difficulties in concentrating and sustaining attention on a task. ➢ However previous research has not converged on a clear account of the nature of attention deficits in post-stroke fatigue, as well as on how these relate to the level of perceptual demand in a cognitive task What this study adds ➢ The study suggests that attention deficits in post-stroke fatigue are attributed to a failure to attenuate neural responses to distractors with increased perceptual load in the task, as well as with increased demands on sustained attention with a longer task engagement ➢ This pattern points to a distractor filtering deficit that is magnified by perceptual load and sustained mental effort as main drivers of attention deficits in post-stroke fatigue How this study might affect research, practice or policy ➢ This study enhances our understanding of attentional deficit in post-stroke fatigue, within an integrative account that explains mental fatigue symptomology
[Long-term acceptance of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy in 70 patients with sleep apnea over a 6-month treatment period]. (1989)

NCPAP therapy is considered to be an effective method of treatment in cases of obstructive and mixed sleep apnea (SA). We investigated its effectiveness during initiation of therapy, and the acceptance of the ambulatory long-term treatment. Here we present the first 70 patients (68 m, 2f) treated with nCPAP for at least six to a maximum of 20 months (on average: eleven months). Sixty-seven of the 70 patients were effectively treated with a nCPAP pressure of 5-15 mbar. The apnea index was reduced from 49 apnea episodes per hour (range 12-125) to 2 episodes per hour (range 0-8) on average. Therapy failed in one case (anatomical defect of the nasopharynx) and had to be abandoned in two cases (claustrophobia, acute rhinitis). Sixty-three patients, decided in favour of ambulatory long-term therapy. These patients were asked to complete a questionnaire about their experience with nCPAP. Four patients abandoned therapy (all within the first four weeks because of intolerance towards the apparatus), and one patient died 10 days after terminating treatment of an infection of the upper airway. Fifty-eight patients (82% of all) are still undergoing treatment. Eighty-eight per cent of these are using nCPAP for 5-7 nights a week throughout the entire sleep period, or at least for five hours. All patients report a marked reduction in or elimination of subjective symptoms. Mild local side effects occur quite frequently, but can be greatly reduced or eliminated in most cases. In individual cases they lead to a shortening of the nocturnal duration of application.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An auto-tuning PD controller for DC servo position control system (2012)

DC servo position control applications are widely found in various industrial automation processes. Such processes are represented by First Order Integrating Plus Delay (FOIPD) model. Here, we propose an on-line auto-tuning scheme for PD controller to achieve improved response for FOIPD processes under both transient and steady state conditions. The proposed Auto-tuning PD controller (APD) provides almost no overshoot and oscillation in the set point response and also very good load regulation. Improved performance of the proposed controller (APD) is demonstrated through simulation as well as experimental study in comparison with a number of existing PD tuning rules, reported in the literature, for FOIPD processes.
The effect of verified pediatric trauma centers, state laws, and crash characteristics on time trends in adolescent motor vehicle fatalities, 1999-2015 (2018)

Prospective study and prevention, level III.
X-ray imaging with amorphous selenium: Detective quantum efficiency of photoconductive receptors for digital mammography (1995)

Factors affecting the zero spatial frequency detective quantum efficiency of photoconductor-based x-ray detectors operating in the mammographic energy range are modeled for monoenergetic incident x rays. The problem is separated into two sections: the calculation of the x-ray absorption and the Swank factor. X-ray absorption in this energy range, for most practical photoconductors, is dominated by the photoelectric effect. The Swank factor has four components: fluorescence escape, stochastic variations in gain, variations of gain due to incomplete coupling of charge from the photoconductive layer to the detector electrode, and the nonlinear discharge arising from the field-dependent x-ray gain, an effect that is unique to photoconductors. Calculations are performed for selenium, which is currently the most technologically advanced photoconductor available for digital x-ray imaging. For thicknesses of selenium exceeding 50 microns and for energies between 12 and 50 keV, the detective quantum efficiency of this photoconductor is found to exceed that of a conventional Gd2O2S-based mammographic phosphor screen.
Structure and magnetism of atomically thin Fe layers on flat and vicinal Pt surfaces (2006)

Ultrathin Fe films on Pt substrates have been investigated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions by scanning tunneling microscopy, low energy electron diffraction, magneto-optical Kerr effect, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, and Kerr microscopy. We present a comparison between Fe films on flat $\mathrm{Pt}(111)$ and stepped $\mathrm{Pt}(997)$, with particular focus on the magnetic anisotropy in the submonolayer thickness range below 0.2 monolayer coverage, and above the spin reorientation transition at 3 monolayer thickness. The comparison of structure and magnetism suggests that the perpendicular easy axis found for films thinner than three monolayers is due to dominating contributions from both film interfaces to the anisotropy energy. The $\mathrm{Fe}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Pt}$ interface contribution has its origin in the hybridization of the $\mathrm{Fe}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3d$ with the $\mathrm{Pt}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}5d$ band. The in-plane magnetic anisotropy above 3 atomic layers film thickness can be correlated directly with peculiarities of the film structure.
TH‐C‐230A‐04: Characterizing a Monochromatic X‐Ray Beam From a 1.3 GeV Synchrotron for Auger Electron Radiotherapy and Dosimetry Studies (2006)

Purpose : Auger electron radiotherapy and dosimetry methods are being studied in preparation for future small animal irradiations using monochromatic x‐ray beams and IUdR. Aims of the present study are: (1) establish methods for characterizing the LSU CAMD synchrotron monochromatic x‐ray beam and (2) validate MCNP dose calculations in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Method and Materials : The synchrotron's tunable (6–40 keV), monochromatic beam was set to 15 keV and collimated to ≈2.5‐mm wide. Beam energy was determined from photons Compton scattered by a 56 mg⋅cm −2 aluminum target, whose energy was measured using a thin window 1‐mm thick × 2.54‐cm diameter NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. Beam cross section and divergence were measured using radiochromic film digitized with an Epson 1680 scanner. Depth‐dose measurements within a PMMA phantom were made using a 0.23 cm 3 air‐ionization chamber. Ionization was converted to dose in air and PMMA at each depth and a percent depth‐dose curve generated. Results of MCNP5 Monte Carlo dose calculations simulating measured conditions were compared with measured data. Results: Measurements indicated the nominal 15 keV beam had energy of 15.5 keV, horizontal width of 3.1 cm, Gaussian distribution vertically with FWHM = 0.1 cm, and beam divergence &lt;0.004 horizontally and vertically. A dose rate of 69 cGy⋅s −1 , measured at 0.58‐cm depth in PMMA with 92 mA beam current, corresponds to 3.4×10 11 photons⋅cm −2 ⋅s −1 . Measured percent depth‐dose curve agreed with MCNP5 simulated curve, yielding a PMMA mass attenuation coefficient of 1.1 cm 2 g −1 , approximately equal to the NIST value. Conclusion: The LSU CAMD 15‐keV monochromatic beam has been characterized demonstrating utility of the measurement methods for future studies at energies suitable for iodine k‐edge capture (&gt;33.2 keV). MCNP5 Monte Carlo calculations have been shown to predict depth dose in PMMA validating its use and showing its potential for future treatment planning dose calculations in small animals.
Collaborative Business Process Support in eHealth: Integrating IHE Profiles Through ebXML Business Process Specification Language (2008)

Integrating healthcare enterprise (IHE) specifies integration profiles describing selected real world use cases to facilitate the interoperability of healthcare information resources. While realizing a complex real-world scenario, IHE profiles are combined by grouping the related IHE actors. Grouping IHE actors implies that the associated business processes (IHE profiles) that the actors are involved must be combined, that is, the choreography of the resulting collaborative business process must be determined by deciding on the execution sequence of transactions coming from different profiles. There are many IHE profiles and each user or vendor may support a different set of IHE profiles that fits to its business need. However, determining the precedence of all the involved transactions manually for each possible combination of the profiles is a very tedious task. In this paper, we describe how to obtain the overall business process automatically when IHE actors are grouped. For this purpose, we represent the IHE profiles through a standard, machine-processable language, namely, Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) ebusiness eXtensible Markup Language (ebXML) Business Process Specification (ebBP) Language. We define the precedence rules among the transactions of the IHE profiles, again, in a machine-processable way. Then, through a graphical tool, we allow users to select the actors to be grouped and automatically produce the overall business process in a machine-processable format.
Reduction in Exopolysaccharide Viscosity as an Aid to Bacteriophage Penetration through Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms (2001)

To cause an infection, bacteriophages must penetrate the alginate exopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to reach the bacterial surface. Despite a lack of intrinsic motility, phage were shown to diffuse through alginate gels at alginate concentrations up to 8% (wt/vol) and to bring about a 2-log reduction in the cell numbers in 20-day-old biofilms of P. aeruginosa. The inability of alginate to act as a more effective diffusional barrier suggests that phage may cause a reduction in the viscosity of the exopolysaccharide. Samples (n = 5) of commercial alginate and purified cystic fibrosis (CF) alginate were incubated with 2 x 10(8) purified phage per ml for 24 h at 37 degrees C. After incubation the samples and controls were subjected to rheological analysis with a Carrimed controlled stress rheometer. The viscosities of phage-treated samples were reduced by up to 40% compared to those of controls incubated in the absence of phage. The experiment was repeated by using phage concentrations of 10(10) and 10(12) phage per ml and samples taken for analysis at intervals up to 4 h. The results indicated that there was a time- and concentration-dependent reduction in viscosity of up to 40% compared to the viscosities of the controls. Commercial and purified CF alginate samples, both phage treated and untreated, were subjected to gel filtration chromatography by using Sephacryl High Resolution S-400 medium in order to obtain evidence of degradation. The results demonstrated that alginate treated with phage had a lower molecular weight than untreated alginate. The data suggest that bacteriophage migration through P. aeruginosa biofilms may be facilitated by a reduction in alginate viscosity brought about by enzymic degradation and that the source of the enzyme may be the bacterial host itself.
Quality of service and new architectures for future telecommunications networks (2002)

In data networks, the most used protocol is the IP protocol and it is essentially the Web that has allowed the development of Internet and IP protocol. IP protocol provides flexibility, but today there is no tested mechanisms enabling to give a real quality of service (QoS). QoS is necessary for new applications such as voice over IP (VoIP) to enable transmission of voice through packet network. New architectures are developed to offer QoS for future telecommunications networks.
The reducibility of mixed Mo/V oxides to carbides and their reactivity in the activation of propane (2011)

Der Effekt von Vanadium auf die chemische Beständigkeit und Reaktivität von Molybdänoxid-basierten Hochleistungskatalysatoren, die in Selektivoxidationen unter hohem Umsatz gefahren werden, wurde an einer Serie von gemischten Mo/V Oxidmaterialien modelliert. Dabei standen folgende Fragen im Mittelpunkt des Interesses: 1. Nach welchem Mechanismus verläuft die Carbidbildung? 2. Welchen Einfluss hat die chemische Zusammensetzung des gebildeten Carbids auf die Aktivierung von Propan an seiner Oberfläche? Bimetallische Carbide der Form (Mo1-xVx)2C wurden durch carbothermische Reduktion der entsprechenden oxidischen Vorstufen der allgemeinen Zusammensetzung h-Mo1-xVxO3 synthetisiert. Die Reduktion wurde mittels in situ Röntgenbeugung verfolgt und der Mechanismus wurde unter Heranziehung festkörperkinetischer Modelle studiert. Die Reaktivität der erhaltenen Carbide in der katalytischen Dehydrierung von Propan wurde unter verschiedenen Bedingungen, unter anderem auch in Gegenwart von eingespeistem CO2 und H2O-Dampf, getestet. Neben herkömmlichen Struktur- und Oberflächenanalysemethoden, wurden zur Aufklärung von Struktur-Reaktivitätsbeziehungen auch oberflächensensitive in-situ Methoden zur Charakterisierung der Katalysatoren unter Reaktionsbedingungen verwendet. Die kinetische und strukturelle Analyse der carbothermischen Reduktion zeigte einen starken stabilisierenden Effekt der Vanadiumdotierung, die auf eine Veränderung der Sauerstoffmobilität im Kristallgitter zurückzuführen ist. In der katalytischen Dehydrierung von Propan konnte beobachtet werden, dass die Vanadiumdotierung den anfänglichen Umsatz von Propan erhöht aber die Selektivität zu Propen reduziert. In leicht-oxidierender Umgebung (CO2, H2O) wird die Carbidoberfläche oxidiert, was die Dehydrierungsreaktion fördert. Mo2C ist ein hervorragender Katalysator für die Hydrierung von CO2 in der umgekehrten Wassergasreaktion. In situ XPS Experimente zeigen, dass die Aktivität in der Dehydrierung von Propan mit der Umwandlung in eine Oxicarbidoberfläche korreliert und dass Hochtemperatur-Metathese-Produkte gemeinsam mit signifikanten Veränderungen in den Valenzbandspektren beobachtet werden. Die hohe Anfangsaktivität wird der erhöhten Aktivität von carbidischen Zentren für die Hydrogenolyse des Propans zugeschrieben. Die Untersuchung der gebrauchten Katalysatoren durch Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie macht signifikante Oberflächen- und Volumen-Restrukturierungen sowie eine Rekristallisation der metastabilen Phasen und eine Bildung inhomogener, blasenartiger Strukturen durch den aliphatischen Kohlenstoff deutlich. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass Vanadium aufgrund seiner stärkeren „oxophilen“ Natur als Stabilisator wirkt, indem die Bildung von V=O Gruppen die Mobilität des Kohlenstoffs und Sauerstoffs durch das Oxid/Karbid Gitter kinetisch hemmt.
Adaptive parallel tiled code generation and accelerated auto-tuning (2013)

Tiling is an important program transformation that is often used to enhance cache locality and to obtain coarse-grained parallelism. In this paper, we address the problem of generating adaptive parametric tiled code for parallel execution contexts; in other words, generating parallel tiled code in which tile sizes can be changed on the fly during execution. Changing of tile sizes during pipelined parallel execution of tiles presents the following fundamental code-generation challenge: the unscanned iteration space may become non-convex. We develop novel solutions for the adaptive parallel tiled code generation problem. Using adaptive tiling, auto-tuning for tile size selection can be accelerated: in a single run of the tiled code, several tile sizes may be tested for their performance and thus expedite auto-tuning. Adaptive tiling is also useful in scenarios where tile sizes need to be dynamically altered to tailor to the changing execution environments, such as dynamically resized caches for power savings. Experimental evaluation on a number of benchmarks demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed approach.
Packaging-induced failure of semiconductor lasers and optical telecommunications components (1996)

Telecommunications equipment for field deployment generally have specified lifetimes of &lt;100,000 hr. To achieve this high reliability, it is common practice to package sensitive components in hermetic, inert gas environments. The intent is to protect components from particulate and organic contamination, oxidation, and moisture. However, for high power density 980 nm diode lasers used in optical amplifiers, we found that hermetic, inert gas packaging induced a failure mode not observed in similar, unpackaged lasers. We refer to this failure mode as packaging-induced failure, or PIF. PIF is caused by nanomole amounts of organic contamination which interact with high intensity 980 nm light to form solid deposits over the emitting regions of the lasers. These deposits absorb 980 nm light, causing heating of the laser, narrowing of the band gap, and eventual thermal runaway. We have found PIF is averted by packaging with free °2 and/or a getter material the sequesters organics.
Information-Theoretic Interactive Hashing and Oblivious Transfer to a Storage-Bounded Receiver (2015)

Interactive hashing has featured as an essential ingredient in protocols realizing a large variety of cryptographic tasks, notably oblivious transfer in the bounded storage model. In interactive hashing, a sender transfers a bit string to a receiver such that two strings are received, the original string and a second string that appear to be chosen at random. This paper presents a self-contained, information theoretic study of interactive hashing. We start by formalizing the notion of interactive hashing as a cryptographic primitive, disentangling it from the specifics of its various implementations. To this end, we present an application-independent set of information theoretic conditions that all interactive hashing protocols must ideally satisfy. We then provide a detailed analysis of a standard implementation of interactive hashing which is shown to satisfy all the conditions of our definition. Our analysis represents a significant improvement over previous attempts in more restricted contexts. Despite its generality, it offers a considerably simpler proof of security. Moreover, it establishes a tighter upper bound on the cheating probability of a dishonest sender, who wishes to manipulate the protocol so that both output strings have some rare desirable property. In particular, we prove that if the set of desirable strings for the dishonest sender represents a fraction f of all strings, then the probability that both outputs will be from this set is no larger than 15.6805 · f. This upper bound is valid for any f and is tight up to a small constant, since a sender acting honestly would get two outputs from this set with probability very close to f. We illustrate the power of interactive hashing as a cryptographic tool by surveying protocols achieving oblivious transfer in the bounded storage model, which typically rely heavily on interactive hashing.
The Interface Metallurgy of Soldered Interconnections for Electronics Packaging Applications (2004)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Differential Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Isoform Expression and Agonist Effects in Normal and Malignant Prostate Cells (2004)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is being studied intensively for its role in carcinogenesis and in mediating the effects of prostate cancer treatment and prevention drugs. Prostate cancers express abundant and higher constitutive levels of PPAR-gamma than do normal prostate cells and are growth inhibited by ligand activation of PPAR-gamma. However, little is known about the role of PPARs in tumorigenesis or in normal prostate epithelial cells (EC). We examined the expression, phosphorylation patterns, and functions of the human PPAR (hPPAR)-gamma1 and hPPAR-gamma2 isoforms in normal prostate ECs to determine if activation of the receptor is sufficient for PPAR-gamma ligand activity in prostate cells. We found that ECs did not express either PPAR-gamma1 or PPAR-gamma2 protein and were not sensitive to growth inhibition by the PPAR-gamma ligand 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)). In contrast, prostate cancer cells (PC-3), which express PPAR-gamma1 receptor isoform, are growth inhibited by PPAR-gamma ligand. Forced expression of hPPAR-gamma1 or hPPAR-gamma2 made ECs sensitive to 15d-PGJ(2) and led to reduced cellular viability. The direct repeat-1 promoter containing PPAR response elements was transactivated in ECs expressing exogenous PPAR-gamma1 or PPAR-gamma2, indicating that either isoform can be active in these cells. 15-Lipoxygenase-2, expressed at high levels in ECs, was down-regulated by transfecting PPAR-gamma expression construct (either gamma1 or gamma2 isoform) into ECs. Addition of PPAR-gamma ligand 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in the presence of PPAR-gamma expression caused further down-regulation of 15-lipoxygenase-2. Our data illustrate that a PPAR-gamma ligand (15d-PGJ(2)) activates PPAR-gamma1 and selectively induces cell death in human prostate cancer cells but not in normal prostate ECs. These findings have important implications for the development of PPAR-gamma-targeting agents that prevent or treat prostate cancer and spare normal prostate cells.
Extension Tools for Local Food Processors: Financial Analysis Spreadsheets for On-Farm and Off-Farm Inspected Kitchens (2018)

Agribusiness, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession