gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steric Factors in the Single‐Electron Transfer Carbolithiation and Transannular Reduction of 6,12‐Diphenyldibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine by Organolithium Reagents (2013)

Abstract The puckered tricyclic heterocycle 6,12‐diphenyldibenzo[ b , f ][1,5]diazocine, a novel probe for revealing single‐electron transfer (SET) reactions, is here employed as a model substrate for investigating the carbolithiation of imines and the stereochemistry, the regiochemistry, and the electronic nature (polar or SET) of such R–Li additions. The chemical behavior of the following organolithium reagents (mainly in THF) toward the diazocine was studied: benzyl‐, methyl‐, phenyl‐, n ‐butyl‐, and phenylethynyllithiums, as well as the reactive allylmagnesium chloride and the typical tert ‐butylmagnesium chloride. The only reagent that failed to carbometalate or to reduce the diazocine transannularly was phenylethynyllithium. The tert ‐butyl Grignard reagent could not carbometalate but did reduce the diazocine with photocatalysis. The other five organometallics yielded both carbometalation of the diazocine and, upon hydrolysis, transannular SET reduction to 4b,9b‐diphenyl‐4b,5,9b,10‐tetrahydroindolo[3,2‐ b ]indole (“indoloindole”) in varying proportions. Three types of carbometalation products were observed in such hydrolyzed reactions: (1) exo ‐1,2‐addition to a C=N bond by C 6 H 5 CH 2 Li, H 2 C=CHCH 2 MgCl, and CH 3 Li, as established by spectral and XRD data; (2) 1,4‐addition to the ortho ‐phenyl carbon C o =C‐C=N linkage by phenyllithium with the subsequent elimination of LiH; and (3) 1,4‐addition, as in type 2, by n ‐butyllithium but without the elimination of LiH. The foregoing modes of reactivity, the concomitant formation of the telltale SET reduction product, “indoloindole”, and the failure of PhC≡CLi to react at all with the diazocine are marshaled to support the conclusion that the organometallics reacting with the diazocine, by carbometalation and by transannular reduction, do so by SET processes and not by straightforward nucleophilic attack. The relative stabilities of sp 3 ‐, sp 2 ‐, and sp‐hybridized carbon radicals possibly involved were assessed in concluding that PhC≡CLi is incapable of reacting through any SET pathway.
Observation of the v′=8←v=0 vibrational overtone in cold trapped HD+ (2012)

We report the observation of the hitherto undetected v′=8←v=0 vibrational overtone in trapped HD+ molecular ions, sympathetically cooled by laser-cooled Be+ ions. The overtone is excited using 782 nm laser radiation, after which HD+ ions in v=8 are photodissociated by the 313 nm laser used for Be+ cooling. The concomitant loss of HD+ is detected by the method of secular excitation (Roth et al. in Phys. Rev. A. 74:040501(R), 2006). We furthermore present details of the experimental setup, and we show that results from spectroscopy of v′=8←v=0 overtones in combination with accurate ab initio calculations may yield a new value for the proton–electron mass ratio with an accuracy of order 1 ppb.
Photonic crystal fiber for wide-band transmission (2008)

Recent research on wide-band transmission over photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is described. PCF with endlessly single-mode (ESM) and unique chromatic dispersion characteristics is expected to be a key transmission medium in future optical networks.
Monodisperse Thermoresponsive Microgels with Tunable Volume‐Phase Transition Kinetics (2007)

Abstract A facile method to control the volume‐phase transition kinetics of thermo‐sensitive poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels is presented. Monodisperse PNIPAM microgels with spherical voids are prepared using a microfluidic device. The swelling and shrinking responses of these microgels with spherical voids to changes in temperature are compared with those of voidless microgels of the same size and chemical composition prepared using the same microfluidic device. It is shown that the PNIPAM microgels with voids respond faster to changes in temperature as compared with their voidless counterparts. Also, the induced void structure does not have a detrimental effect on the equilibrium volume change of the microgels. Thus, the volume phase transition kinetics of the microgels can be finely tuned by controlling the number and size of the voids. The flexibility, control, and simplicity in fabrication rendered by this approach make these microgels appealing for applications that range from drug delivery systems and chemical separations to chemical/biosensing and actuators.
Detection Threshold and Mechanical Impedance of the Hand in a Pen-Hold Posture (2006)

We report position and force detection thresholds for sinusoidal waveforms in the frequency range 10-500 Hz delivered through a stylus. The participants were required to hold the stylus in a way similar to that of holding the stylus of a force-feedback device. A minishaker moved the stylus along its length so that the majority of vibrations were presented tangentially to the skin of the hand. The measured position thresholds decreased initially with an increasing stimulus frequency and formed a U-shaped curve in the high frequency region. The thresholds of high frequency vibrations were lower than those reported previously for vibrations that were perpendicular to the skin, but were similar to the thresholds reported earlier using vibrations that were tangential to the skin. A similar force threshold curve was obtained using a force sensor attached to one end of the stylus. Mechanical impedance of the skin derived from velocity estimates and force measurements indicated that the skin and tissues in the hand holding the stylus can be modeled with mass-, damper- and spring-like elements. A comparison of the mechanical impedance from the present study with those reported previously showed similar results for vibrations delivered in the tangential and normal directions to the skin
Simulating the Flow Dynamics in Hydroentangling Nozzles: Effect of Cone Angle and Nozzle Aspect Ratio (2003)

Flow behavior in various nozzle shapes from the hydroentangling cone-capillary family is modeled in this paper. The work studies the effects of cone angle and nozzle aspect ratio (the ratio of the capillary section to its diameter) on water-jet formation. In particular, two sets of nozzles are considered. The first set consists of nozzles that have an aspect ratio of one and cone angles of 19, 15, 11, 7, and 3°, respectively. The nozzles in the second set have their inlet and outlet diameters fixed, but their aspect ratios vary from 1 to 6. The results from a two-phase axisymmetric steady-state model of turbulent nozzle flow reveal that decreasing the cone angle or increasing the nozzle aspect ratio does not affect the hydroentangling water-jet characteristics. The computational scheme is validated by comparing part of the results with the available experimental data in the literature.
Processing-in-memory technology for knowledge discovery algorithms (2006)

The goal of this work is to gain insight into whether processing-in-memory (PIM) technology can be used to accelerate the performance of link discovery algorithms, which represent an important class of emerging knowledge discovery techniques. PIM chips that integrate processor logic into memory devices offer a new opportunity for bridging the growing gap between processor and memory speeds, especially for applications with high memory-bandwidth requirements. As LD algorithms are data-intensive and highly parallel, involving read-only queries over large data sets, parallel computing power extremely close (physically) to the data has the potential of providing dramatic computing speedups. For this reason, we evaluated the mapping of LD algorithms to a processing-in-memory (PIM) workstation-class architecture, the DIVA/Godiva hardware testbeds developed by USC/ISI. Accounting for differences in clock speed and data scaling, our analysis shows a performance gain on a single PIM, with the potential for greater improvement when multiple PIMs are used. Measured speedups of 8x are shown on two additional bandwidth benchmarks, even though the Itanium-2 has a clock rate 6X faster.
Incorporation of membrane proteins into lipid surface monolayers: Characterization by fluorescence and electron microscopies (2007)

The preparation of oriented protein samples is an attractive goal, e.g., to gain more detailed information from spectroscopic experiments. Our approach towards this aim was to prepare monolayers of phospholipids at the air-water interface and to incorporate the proteins into these ordered structures. Subsequently, we used the Langmuir-Boldgett (LB) transfer technique to obtain samples of oriented proteins on solid supports. — Incorporation was achieved by spreading the proteins from a detergent solution onto a prespread lipid monolayer on the water surface. We characterized successful incorporation by in situ fluoresence microscopy and by electron microscopy, and investigated the topology of transferred monolayers. — Our results show that the choice of the lipid matrix is pivotal. We present an optimized lipid matrix system that facilitates protein incorporation, while enabling LB transfer at the same time. — Fluorescence microscopic investigations revealed that the lateral phase structure of the lipid films remains qualitatively unaffected by the reconstitution, with the proteins incorporated into the fluid phases. Quantitative evaluations of the protein content of the thin film samples indicated that ∼15% of the proteins spread were incorporated, whereas evaluation of the additional area of incorporation (of protein and detergent) showed that a substantial amount of detergent was incorporated as well.
Microbial analysis of commercially available US Queso Fresco (2018)

Queso Fresco (QF), a fresh Hispanic-style cheese, is often associated with Listeria monocytogenes outbreaks and recalls. Queso Fresco's susceptibility to bacterial contamination is partially due to its high pH and moisture content as well as Listeria's tolerance for the salt content typical for QF. Nine different brands of US QF, 2 packages from 4 different lots (to account for temporal variability), were sampled. The pH, salt content, and moisture content were analyzed in addition to microbial testing including yeasts and molds, coliforms, lactic acid bacteria enumeration, and L. monocytogenes counts. The cheeses were also inoculated with a cocktail of 5 food and human isolates of food-borne outbreak-associated Listeria monocytogenes strains to evaluate how the differences between brands influenced Listeria growth. Three of the cheeses underwent additional genus-level microbial analysis using extracted 16S rDNA, allowing for phylogenetic analysis between bacterial taxa including diversity and relative abundance. We found little variation between the sampled QF pH (range = 6.62-6.86), salt content (1.53-2.01%), and moisture content (43.90-54.50%). Yeasts and molds were below the detection limit of enumeration in all of the cheeses and coliforms were below the detection limit across the first 3 lots, but were detected at varying levels in the fourth lot (>3.0 most probable number/g) for 3 of the brands. Listeria monocytogenes was not isolated after enrichment in any of the samples. All cheeses tested positive for the presence of lactic acid bacteria, with only 1 of the cheeses being labeled as produced with added cultures having substantial counts. Fourteen days after inoculation with L. monocytogenes, at least 2.5 log10 cfu/g of growth was found for all QF brands stored at 4°C. Microbial genus analysis showed that, among the 3 brands, the microbial community was more similar within brand than when compared with the other 2 brands. Thermus, Anoxybacillus, and Streptococcus accounted for the dominant genera of brands A, B, and C, respectively. These variations within the microbial community may account for sensory differences and help manufacturers determine quality control consistency more readily than culture-based methods.
Isoenzyme patterns of protein kinase C and a phospholipid‐dependent but Ca2+‐inhibited enzyme fraction in the crude extracts of different tissues (1989)

We compared the protein kinase C isoenzyme patterns of crude extracts of rabbit brain, cerebellum, spleen, thymus and human and pig granulocytes. The isoenzymes were fractionated by hydroxyapatite chromatography and the protein kinase C activity was determined with a synthetic oligopeptide substrate. In the extracts of several tissues we also observed an enzyme fraction which was activated by phosphatidylserine + diacylglycerol but inhibited by Ca2+.
Periodontitis is associated with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2019)

Recent evidence suggests a link between periodontitis (PD) and hypertension, but the nature of this association remains unclear. The overall aim of this review was to critically appraise the evidence linking these two common disorders. Systematic search was conducted for studies published up to December 2018. Prevalence of hypertension in patients with PD (moderate/severe groups) vs. those without PD (non-PD) was the primary outcome. Additional outcomes included adjusted mean difference in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (BP) levels in PD vs. non-PD, assessment of biomarkers in PD and hypertension, and BP changes after periodontal therapy. From 81 studies selected, 40 were included in quantitative meta-analyses. Diagnoses of moderate-severe PD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.35] and severe PD (OR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.09-2.05) were associated with hypertension. Prospective studies confirmed PD diagnosis increased likelihood of hypertension occurrence (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 0.85-3.35). Patients with PD exhibited higher mean SBP [weighted mean difference (WMD) of 4.49 mmHg; 95% CI: 2.88-6.11] and DBP (2.03 mmHg; 95% CI: 1.25-2.81) when compared with non-PD. Lastly, only 5 out of 12 interventional studies confirmed a reduction in BP following periodontal therapy, ranging from 3 to 12.5 mmHg of SBP and from 0 to 10 mmHg of DBP. PD is associated with increased odds of hypertension (SORT C) and higher SBP/DBP levels. The evidence suggesting that PD therapy could reduce BP is inconclusive. Although additional research is warranted on this association, these results suggest that oral health assessment and management of PD could not only improve oral/overall health and quality of life but also be of relevance in the management of patients with hypertension.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Technique for Unmanned Air Vehicles (2006)

A nonlinear model predictive control strategy is developed and subsequently specialized to autonomous aircraft that can be adequately modeled with a rigid 6-degrees-of-freedom representation. Whereas the general air vehicle dynamic equations are nonlinear and nonaffine in control, a closed-form solution for the optimal control input is enabledby expandingboth the output and control in a truncatedTaylor series. The closed-form solution for control is relatively simple to calculate and well suited to the real time embedded computing environment. An interesting feature of this control law is that the number of Taylor series expansion terms can be used to indirectly penalize control action. Also, ill conditioning in the optimal control gain equation limits practical selection of the number of Taylor series expansion terms. These claims are substantiated through simulation by application of the method to a parafoil and payload aircraft as well as a glider.
Failure at the Taper Lock of a Modular Stemmed Femoral Implant in Revision Knee Arthroplasty (2007)

Issack, Paul S. MD, PhD; Cottrell, Jocelyn M. BS; Delgado, Samuel; Wright, Timothy M. PhD; Sculco, Thomas P. MD; Su, Edwin P. MD Author Information
SInBAD - A Digital Library to Aggregate Multimedia Documents (2006)

The University of Aveiro is currently developing SInBAD, an integrated system for digital libraries and archives. The aim of the project is to build an information system to support the aggregation of multimedia documents such as books, photographs, and audiovisual resources. All these resources are part of the academic life and identity of the University. The architecture adopted in SInBAD is divided into 3 subsystems - Library, Archive and Jazz - and is Web Service oriented. Also, documents are distributed by several Agents in a dynamic manner. The basic description model used in the documents is the element set defined by the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, although each subsystem may use specific data structures according to the document type and format. In this paper we present the created system, pointing out the interoperability and the web service oriented architecture. Also, despite its distributed nature, users may search simultaneously in all documents.
Improved 3D phase contrast MRI with off‐resonance corrected dual echo VIPR (2008)

Phase contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging with a three-dimensional, radially undersampled acquisition allows for the acquisition of high resolution angiograms and velocimetry in dramatically reduced scan times. However, such an acquisition is sensitive to blurring and artifacts from off-resonance and trajectory errors. A dual-echo trajectory is proposed with a novel trajectory calibration from prescan data coupled with a multi-frequency reconstruction to correct for these errors. Comparisons of phantom data and in vivo results from volunteer, and patients with arteriovenous malformations patients are presented with and without these corrections and show significant improvement of image quality when both corrections are applied. The results demonstrate significantly improved visualization of vessels, allowing for highly accelerated PC acquisitions without sacrifice in image quality.
Unusual DNA-binding properties of the Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY50 transcription factor at target gene promoters (2020)

WRKY50 from A. thaliana requires WT-boxes at target gene promoters for activation and binding. Based on the genome-wide prediction of WRKY50 target genes and the similarity of a WRKY50 binding site to WT-boxes in microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-responsive cis-regulatory modules (CRM), four WT-box containing CRMs from the promoter region of three WRKY50 target genes were investigated for their interaction with WRKY50. These target genes are DJ1E, WRKY30 and ATBBE4. Two of the four CRMs, one from DJ1E and one from WRKY30, were able to activate reporter gene expression in the presence of WRKY50. Activation requires the WT-boxes GGACTTTT, GGACTTTG from DJ1E and GGACTTTC from WRKY30. WRKY50 does not activate a second CRM from WRKY30 and the CRM from ATBBE4, both containing the WT-box TGACTTTT. In vitro gel-shift assays demonstrate WT-box-specific binding of the WRKY50 DNA-binding domain to all four CRMs. This work shows a high flexibility of WRKY50 binding site recognition beyond the classic W-box TTGACC/T.
Cytosine arabinoside with daunorubicin or adriamycin for therapy of acute myelocytic leukemia: a CALGB study (1982)

A randomized comparison of the relative efficacy and toxicity of daunorubicin (DNR) at 30 or 45 mg/sq m or adriamycin (ADM) at 30 mg/sq m, given on the first 3 days of a 7-day continuous infusion of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) at 100 mg/sq m/day, shows the outcome to be dependent on anthracycline, dose, and patient age. DNR 45 is significantly better than DNR 30 or ADM 30 for inducing complete remissions (CR) in patients younger than 60 yr, (72%, 59%, 58% CRs, respectively). DNR 30 is better than DNR 45 or ADM 30 for inducing CR in patients older than 60 yr (47%, 31%, 35%, respectively). There was a corresponding shift in the induction mortality for the age, dose, and anthracycline groups. Adriamycin was significantly more toxic to the gastrointestinal tract than daunorubicin. The duration of complete remission, with cyclic courses of maintenance therapy, was independent of the patient's age, the dose, or choice of anthracycline used in induction, and of whether the maintenance courses were given every 4 wk or every 8 wk.
Retrieving constitutive parameters of plasmonic multilayers from reflection and transmission coefficients (2014)

We show how to correctly extract the effective permittivity and permeability of plasmonic multilayers in the optical domain. For material parameters retrieval the classical Nicolson-Ross-Weir method is commonly used. However, its direct application leads to spurious zero-permittivity points and false permeability resonances in the case of total reflection from the slab. We offer a way to overcome this issue and retrieve correct constitutive parameters of plasmonic multilayers.
A Local Filtering Technique for Robot Skin Data (2021)

Algorithms for tactile data processing heavily rely on the generation of tactile images representing the contact pressure distribution. This approach allows to exploit existing algorithms for image processing, but requires the integration of the tactile elements on a flat surface. Robot skin technologies introduce challenges related to the non-regular distribution of the tactile elements and the non-planar surface over which they are integrated. In this letter, we present a method to address these challenges by developing a local filtering technique directly applicable on large-area tactile sensing systems. The proposed filter can process the contact distribution without the need of intermediate steps that are required in the typical method of generating a tactile image. We particularly focus on the design of a filter to detect sharp variations in the contact distribution, i.e. edges. The approach is validated in a task of planar contour following performed using a robot equipped with two different end-effectors (planar and non-planar) sensorized with large-area tactile sensing technology. Additional experiments have been performed to evaluate strengths and limitations of the proposed approach with respect to tactile image-based data processing techniques.
Isotropic MRI of the Knee with 3D Fast Spin-Echo Extended Echo-Train Acquisition (XETA): Initial Experience (2007)

Three-dimensional FSE XETA acquires high-resolution (approximately 0.7 mm) isotropic data with intermediate and T2-weighting that may be reformatted in arbitrary planes. Three-dimensional FSE XETA is a promising technique for MRI of the knee.
Genetic variability of hepatitis A virus strain HAF-203 isolated in Brazil and expression of the VP1 gene in Escherichia coli (2006)

The hepatitis A virus (HAV) HAF-203 strain was isolated from an acute case of HAV infection. The primary isolation of HAF-203 in Brazil and its adaptation to the FRhK-4 cell lineage allowed the production of large amounts of viral particles enabling molecular characterization of the first HAV isolate in Brazil. The aim of our study was to determine the nucleotide sequence of the HAF-203 strain genome, compare it to other HAV genomes and highlight its genetic variability. The complete nucleotide sequence of the HAF-203 strain (7472 nucleotides) was compared to those obtained earlier by others for other HAV isolates. These analyses revealed 19 HAF-specific nucleotide sequence differences with 10 amino acid substitutions. Most of the non-conservative changes were located at VP1, 2C, and 3D genes, but the 3B region was the most variable. The availability of HAF-203 complementary DNA was useful for the production of the recombinant VP1 protein, which is a major determinant of viral infectivity. This recombinant protein was shown by enzyme-linked immunoassay and blotting, to be immunogenic and resemble the native protein, therefore suggesting its value as a reagent for incorporation into diagnostic tests.