gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Free Radical Trap Phenyl-N-tert-Butylnitrone Protects against Light Damage But Does Not Rescue P23H and S334ter Rhodopsin Transgenic Rats from Inherited Retinal Degeneration (2003)

Phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) protects rat retinas against light damage. Because the degenerative process involved in light damage and inherited retinal degeneration both lead to a common final cell death, apoptosis, we used transgenic rats with a P23H or S334ter rhodopsin mutation to test the effects of PBN on retinal degeneration and light damage and the susceptibility of the transgenic rats to light damage. In the first study, 3-week-old mutant and wild-type rats were given no drug, 0.25% PBN in drinking water, or 0.25% PBN in drinking water plus three daily intraperitoneal injections of PBN (100 mg/kg, i.p., every 8 hr). Electroretinograms were recorded at postnatal day 49, after which the rats were killed for morphometric analysis. There was no photoreceptor rescue by PBN in P23H or S334ter rats, as evidenced by equivalent loss of function and photoreceptor cells in the three treatment groups. In the second study, P23H, S334ter, and wild-type rats were exposed for 24 hr to 2700 lux light. The rats were untreated or treated with PBN (50 mg/kg per injection, every 6 hr, starting before exposure). ERGs were recorded before and 1 d after exposure. Animals were killed 6 d later for morphometric analysis. PBN protected wild-type and P23H but not S334ter retinas from light damage. S334ter retinas were relatively less susceptible to light damage than P23H and wild-type rats. The results suggest that the initiating event(s) that causes photoreceptor cell death in the mutated rats is different from that which occurs in light damage, although both ultimately undergo an apoptotic cell death.
LP‐D: Late‐News Poster: High‐Efficiency LCD Projection Displays with Novel Thin‐Film Polarizing Beam Splitters (1998)

Abstract A novel high performance thin film polarizing beam‐splitter (PBS) has been invented and demonstrated. This PBS is non‐absorbing and has a broadband, wide angular field and high extinction ratios for both reflected and transmitted beams. Significant brightness enhancement is observed in two prototype high efficiency LCD projection displays based on this PBS.
Direct Beam Lead Bonding for Trench MOSFET &amp;amp; CSTBT (2005)

The next innovation in the power modules has come up with the corroboration between the power chip technology like CSTBT and die packaging technology like the direct transfer mold module, via wireless bonding technology, that is our technology "direct beam lead bonding (DBLB)". In this paper, we report the electrical characteristics and the reliabilities of a MOSFET and a CSTBT using DBLB. The DBLB type MOSFETs on-state resistance (R/sub DS(GN)/) can be reduced in 16% comparing with die conventional aluminum (Al) wire bonding type and an avalanche ruggedness (E/sub AVA/) during undamped inductive switching (UIS) is unproved approximately 2 times. It has the excellent reliability under the thermal cycling test between 233K and 398K during over 3000 cycles. Further, the DBLB type CSTBT has, under the short circuit safety operation area (SCSOA) test condition, 11% greater toughness as energy than the Al wiring type.
Adult Video Content Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques (2012)

Automatic adult video detection is a problem of interest to many organizations around the world. The aim is to restrict the easy access of underage youngsters to such potentially harmful material. Most of the existing techniques are mere extensions of image categorization approaches. In this paper we propose a video genre classification technique tuned specifically for adult content detection by considering cinematographic principles. Spatial and temporal simple features are used with machine learning algorithms to perform the classification into two classes: adult and non-offensive video material. Shot duration and camera motion, are the temporal domain features, and skin detection and color histogram are the spatial domain ones. Using two data sets of 7 and 15 hours of video material, our experiments comparing two different SVM classifiers achieved an accuracy of 94.44%.
Physico-chemical characterization of dairy calcium phosphate industrial powders (2016)

Dairy industry recovers calcium phosphates from dairy liquids by different technologies and proposes this mineralized ingredient (under powder forms) for several applications especially for the enrichment of different food products in calcium. The objective of this study was to characterize chemically and physically 6 calcium phosphate powders coming from different international industries. All powders were rich in minerals with important quantitative variations in calcium phosphate contents depending on the powder origin. Among the powders, two were different from others because they contained less minerals and were richer in proteins (about 10% of dry matter) identified as whey proteins and lactose (about 60% of dry matter). The chemical characterization of calcium phosphate indicated that the mass ratio calcium/phosphate was closed to 0.6-0.7, except for the two powders which have higher or smaller ratios than 0.6-0.7. The profiles of dry particles size determined by laser granulometry and electron microscopy indicated also differences between powders: their sizes varied between less than one μm to several hundred μm. These size differences were attributed to a step of micronisation during the manufacture of some powders. Analyses by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the precipitated calcium phosphate is a very poorly crystallized calcium
deficient apatite presenting typical PO4 vibrational bands in IR but no sharp diffraction peak. After the reconstitution of powders in water, all suspensions were at neutral pH and their zeta potentials (surface charge) were always negative (between -15 and -20mV). All these variations of physico-chemical properties between powders will be discussed to understand their functionalities with a special attention paid on their solubilities in different solutions.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use of the new antiepileptic drugs (2001)

Although older generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as carbamazepine, phenytoin and valproic acid continue to be widely used in the treatment of epilepsy, these drugs have important shortcomings such as a highly variable and nonlinear pharmacokinetics, a narrow therapeutic index, suboptimal response rates, and a propensity to cause significant adverse effects and drug interactions. In an attempt to overcome these problems, a new generation of AEDs has been introduced in the last decade. Compared with older agents, some of these drugs offer appreciable advantages in terms of less variable kinetics and, particularly in the case of gabapentin, levetiracetam and vigabatrin, a lower interaction potential. Lamotrigine, topiramate, zonisamide and felbamate protect against partial seizures and a variety of generalized seizure types, vigabatrin is effective against partial seizures (with or without secondary generalization) and infantile spasms, while the use of oxcarbazepine, tiagabine and gabapentin is mainly restricted to patients with partial epilepsy (and, in the case of oxcarbazepine, also primarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures). Levetiracetam, the latest AED to be introduced, has been found to be effective in partial seizures, but its potentially broader efficacy spectrum remains to be determined in clinical studies. Currently, the main use of new generation AEDs is in the adjunctive therapy of patients refractory to older agents. However, due to advantages in terms of tolerability and ease of use, some of these drugs are increasingly used for first-line management in certain subgroups of patients. Due to serious toxicity risks, felbamate and vigabatrin should be prescribed only in patients refractory to other drugs. In the case of vigabatrin, however, first line use may be justified in infants with spasms.
Nuclei containing an antinucleon (1985)

We have investigated the possibility that a nucleus containing a single antinucleon (N\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}) may exhibit some relatively long-lived excited states. Using N\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} optical potentials consistent with the available data on p\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}-atom level shifts and/or low energy p\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}-nucleus scattering, and calculating the complex eigenvalues of the Schr\"odinger equation, we find that the annihilation widths of strongly bound (non-Coulomb) N\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} states are generally large, as expected, of order \ensuremath{\Gamma}\ensuremath{\approxeq}50--100 MeV. Some possible exceptions to this may occur when the N\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} is bound to a light nuclear core which is not spin and isospin saturated. We obtain cross section estimates for the formation of N\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} nuclei via the (p\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{},p) and (p\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{},n) reactions on nuclear targets with A=3, 4, and 16.
Synthesis of Modular “Inorganic–Organic–Inorganic” Polyoxometalates and Their Assembly into Vesicles (2009)

Verknüpfte Cluster: Eine neue Klasse anorganisch-organisch-anorganischer Hybride mit Größen von etwa 3.4 nm wurde durch kovalente Funktionalisierung V3-überdachter Wells-Dawson-Cluster mit linearen Bis(tris)-Liganden hergestellt (siehe Schema; TBA=nBu4N+) sowie röntgenkristallographisch und mit ESI-MS charakterisiert. Die Verbindungen weisen Tensideigenschaften auf (dynamische Lichtstreuung) und bilden in Lösung supramolekulare Vesikel.
Dither-free polarization insensitive optical phase conjugate generation in Al-doped HNLF (2022)

A dither-free polarization insensitive optical phase conjugate is generated in Al-doped HNLF with two orthogonally polarized pumps of 2 W each. Approximately 15nm OPC wavelength tunability is obtained with a conversion efficiency &gt; -5 dB.
Image Representation of Rational Surface Based on Tensor Product Form (2016)

In this paper, a new algorithm for image representation is presented. As we all known, the general curves and surfaces are constructed by the basis functions. Based on the rational spline curve, we developed a new surface which is named as rational W-spline surface. According to the important properties of the basis function, we get the important properties of tensor product rational surface. And by giving the new control matrix of the surface and the change of the parameters, the desired image can be obtained. This surface includes non-rational surface and rational surface, and their tensor product forms are adopted. In order to express this algorithm intuitively, this new method is applied to represent the human skin. When the skinned surface date is collected, the image can be expressed in a fast speed.
Fault Diagnosis with Dynamic Observers (2010)

In this paper, we review some recent results about the use of dynamic observers for fault diagnosis of discrete event systems. Fault diagnosis consists in synthesizing a diagnoser that observes a given plant and identifies faults in the plant as soon as possible after their occurrence. Existing literature on this problem has considered the case of fixed static observers, where the set of observable events is fixed and does not change during execution of the system. In this paper, we consider dynamic observers: an observer can "switch" sensors on or off, thus dynamically changing the set of events it wishes to observe. It is known that checking diagnosability (i.e., whether a given observer is capable of identifying faults) can be solved in polynomial time for static observers, and we show that the same is true for dynamic ones. We also solve the problem of dynamic observers' synthesis and prove that a most permissive observer can be computed in doubly exponential time, using a game-theoretic approach. We further investigate optimization problems for dynamic observers and define a notion of cost of an observer.
Characteristics of [3H]Hemicholinium‐3 Binding to Rat Striatal Membranes: Evidence for Negative Cooperative Site‐Site Interactions (1987)

The characteristics of [3H]hemicholinium-3 ([3H]HC-3) interactions with rat striatal membranes were investigated. Under the described assay conditions, [3H]-HC-3 binds with a saturable population of membrane binding sites having the following regional distribution: striatum much greater than hippocampus greater than or equal to cerebral cortex greater than cerebellum. The specific binding of [3H]HC-3 showed an obligatory requirement for NaCl; other halide salts of sodium or KCl failed to substitute for NaCl. The Scatchard transformation of saturation isotherm data generated a curvilinear plot with high- and low-affinity components of binding. The dissociation of [3H]HC-3 at infinite dilution was also multiexponential. The dissociation could, however, be accelerated if unlabeled HC-3 was included in the diluting buffer, and this increase in dissociation appeared to be dependent on the concentrations of unlabeled HC-3 used, with the maximal increase demonstrable at 100 nM. The dissociation was also dependent on the fractional saturation of binding sites with labeled HC-3, such that, at higher fractional saturation of binding sites, the overall dissociation was faster and the difference in the dissociation observed between "dilution only" and "dilution + unlabeled HC-3" was reduced. This occupancy-dependent change in dissociation could also be influenced by temperature and pH. Based on the results of these kinetic studies, the steady-state [3H]HC-3 binding data were analyzed for a homogeneous population of binding sites undergoing site-site interactions of the negative cooperative type. Such an analysis yielded a KD of 9.3 nM for the high-affinity state and a KD of 22.8 nM for the low-affinity state of binding sites, with a Bmax of 434 fmol/mg of protein. Competitive binding studies showed that unlabeled HC-3 was most potent in displacing [3H]HC-3, followed by choline. Other drugs known to have little influence on the synaptosomal sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake system (SDHACU) had no significant effect on [3H]HC-3 binding sites. Similarities in ionic dependencies, regional distributions, and pharmacological selectivities of [3H]HC-3 binding with synaptosomal SDHACU suggest that [3H]HC-3 selectively labels SDHACU sites located on presynaptic cholinergic neurons in rat CNS. We suggest that the two affinity states of [3H]HC-3 binding sites represent the different "functional" states of the SDHACU system. The binding of HC-3 (or choline) with the high-affinity state of the binding sites induces negative cooperative site-site interactions among the binding sites, resulting in the formation of a low-affinity binding state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Improving Fiber-Optic System Reliability in Permanent Installations (2015)

Abstract Permanent installation of fiber-optic (FO) sensors, whether discrete or distributed, provides beneficial monitoring of a wide variety of parameters during every stage of a well's useful life—from drilling and completions, through the productive period, up to and including permanent abandonment—assuming that the sensors do not fail during installation or subsequent wellbore intervention operations. Long-term reliability is critical to obtain maximum benefit of FO based sensor installations and is crucial to increased adoption of this technology in the oil and gas industry. FO system reliability depends on several factors and requires diligent attention to numerous details, a responsibility shared by manufacturers, service companies, and oil and gas operating companies. Unexpected signal degradation of FO cables experienced in several instrumented wells required an engineered program approach to understand the failures and guide system improvement developments. Multiple-wavelength optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) technology was used to diagnose symptoms of the fiber degradation. The importance and usefulness of OTDR technology was recognized, and a program to monitor fiber “health” with measurements recorded at regular intervals was developed to capture crucial historical records of the fiber/cable performance before system installation, during installation, and after installation. The historical progression of optical signal degradation proved to be invaluable in discerning root causes for this degradation. In the problematic FO cables, OTDR traces suggested various failure modes, including hydrogen darkening, fiber bending, and, in one well, a cable breach. An enabler to frequent OTDR data collection is the ability to remotely operate the FO interrogation units and OTDR equipment. Travel to remote well locations is costly in terms of travel expenses and personnel. It interferes with accomplishing other tasks and often requires the assistance or presence of field operations personnel for onsite access. The system requirements and components used to remotely operate the onsite FO electronic interrogators in the monitoring program are described in this paper. Based on the OTDR data, additional testing programs were initiated, new cables were designed and assembled, and quality assurance protocols were added. This paper describes the optical fiber “health” monitoring program, reviews case histories, emphasizes the importance of this diagnostic information, and summarizes developments to improve FO system reliability. Significantly improved reliability has been recognized in current installations and is expected to continue for future permanent installations based on the FO “health” program learnings.
Lactate kinetics and mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle of healthy humans under influence of adrenaline (2015)

Plasma lactate is widely used as a biomarker in critical illness. The aims of the present study were to elucidate the usefulness of a three-compartment model for muscle lactate kinetics in humans and to characterize the response to an exogenous adrenaline challenge. Repeated blood samples from artery and femoral vein together with blood flow measurements and muscle biopsies were obtained from healthy male volunteers (n=8) at baseline and during an adrenaline infusion. Concentrations of lactate and enrichment of [13C]lactate were measured and kinetics calculated. Mitochondrial activity, glycogen concentration, oxygen uptake and CO2 release were assessed. The adrenaline challenge increased plasma lactate 4-fold as a result of a greater increase in the rate of appearance (R(a)) than the increase in the rate of disappearance (R(d)). Leg muscle net release of lactate increased 3.5-fold, whereas intramuscular production had a high variation but did not change. Mitochondrial state 3 respiration increased by 30%. Glycogen concentration, oxygen uptake and CO2 production remained unchanged. In conclusion a three-compartment model gives additional information to the two-compartment model but, due to its larger variation and invasive muscle biopsy, it is less likely to become a regularly used tool in clinical research. Hyperlactataemia in response to adrenergic stimuli was driven by an elevated lactate release from skeletal muscle most probably due to a redirection of a high intramuscular turnover rather than an increased production.
Fungal Unspecific Peroxygenases Oxidize the Majority of Organic EPA Priority Pollutants (2017)

Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) are secreted fungal enzymes with promiscuity for oxygen transfer and oxidation reactions. Functionally, they represent hybrids of P450 monooxygenases and heme peroxidases; phylogenetically they belong to the family of heme-thiolate peroxidases. Two UPOs from the basidiomycetous fungi <i>Agrocybe aegerita</i> (<i>Aae</i>UPO) and <i>Marasmius rotula</i> (<i>Mro</i>UPO) converted 35 out of 40 compounds listed as EPA priority pollutants, including chlorinated benzenes and their derivatives, halogenated biphenyl ethers, nitroaromatic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalic acid derivatives. These oxygenations and oxidations resulted in diverse products and-if at all-were limited for three reasons: (i) steric hindrance caused by multiple substitutions or bulkiness of the compound as such (e.g., hexachlorobenzene or large PAHs), (ii) strong inactivation of aromatic rings (e.g., nitrobenzene), and (iii) low water solubility (e.g., complex arenes). The general outcome of our study is that UPOs can be considered as extracellular counterparts of intracellular monooxygenases, both with respect to catalyzed reactions and catalytic versatility. Therefore, they should be taken into consideration as a relevant biocatalytic detoxification and biodegradation tool used by fungi when confronted with toxins, xenobiotics and pollutants in their natural environments.
Photoreflectance Studies of InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs Single Quantum Well Laser Structures (1998)

We report on photoreflectance investigations of strained-layer ^n0 .2 Ga0.8 As/GaAs/Al0.3 Ga0.7As single quantum well laser structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy. ll the observed photoreflectance spectral features were assigned to the e-hh transitions with n = 0. The transition energies were determined and compared to their values calculated within the envelope function approximation. Assuming that one third of the total strain in the central In0.2 Ga0.8 As layer is relaxed by biaxial deformation of surrounding thin GaAs layers, it is possible to explain reasonably the results of our photoreflectance experiment.
Auditory Brainstem Implantation to Rehabilitate Profound Hearing Loss with Totally Ossified Cochleae Induced by Pneumococcal Meningitis (2006)

Hearing rehabilitation by cochlear implantation is not always possible in case of total ossification after pneumococcal meningitis. We report 3 cases of postmeningitis profound hearing loss with total cochlear ossification in adults who underwent auditory brainstem implantation (Nucleus 22, Cochlear Inc., Lane Cove, Australia) between 1999 and 2004. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 1 to 6 years. Eleven to 15 out of 22 electrodes were activated. All patients had significant speech discrimination in the sound-only mode and an enhanced lip-reading performance with the implant. Auditory brainstem implants are an efficient means of auditory rehabilitation and may be considered in selected cases of bilateral profound hearing loss with the impossibility of cochlear implantation.
VALUE OF 3 TESLA MULTI-MODALITY DIRECTED MR GUIDED BIOPSY TO DETECT PROSTATE CANCER IN PATIENTS AFTER AT LEAST TWO PREVIOUS NEGATIVE BIOPSIES AND ELEVATED PSA (2009)

Breathing hyperbaric air or gas mixtures, for example during diving or when working underwater is known to alter the electrophysiological behavior of neuronal cells, which may lead to restricted cognition. During the last few decades, only very few studies into hyperbaric effects have been published, especially for the most relevant pressure range of up to 10 bar. We designed a pressurized measuring chamber to record pressure effects on the electrical activity of neuronal networks formed by primary cells of the frontal cortex of NMRI mice. Electrical activity was recorded with multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) of glass neuro chips while subjected to a step-by-step pressure increase from atmospheric pressure (1 bar) to 2 and 4 bar, followed by a decompression to 1 bar, in order to record recovery effects. The effects of pressure on the total spike rates (TSRs), which were averaged from at least 45 chips, were detected in two cell culture media with different compositions. In a DMEM medium with 6% horse serum, the TSR was increased by 19% after a pressure increase to 2 bar and remained stable at 4 bar. In NMEM medium with 2% B27, the TSR was not altered by a pressure increase to 2 bar but increased by 9% at 4 bar. After decompression to 1 bar, the activities decreased to 76% and 101% of their respective control levels in the two media. MEA recordings from neuronal networks in miniaturized hyperbaric measuring chambers provide new access for exploring the neuronal effects of hyperbaric breathing gases.