gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the recovery from bronchial obstruction due to hyperventilation of cold air in asthmatic subjects (1988)

The timecourse of recovery from bronchial obstruction due to inhaled cold air was studied in eight adult asthmatic subjects. On the first visit, bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine was assessed. On the other two visits, after assessment of baseline lung resistance (RL) and spirometry, dry cold (-20 degrees C) air was inhaled for three minutes. RL was monitored continuously until its return to baseline +/- 20%. The baseline concentration of histamine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) varied from 0.03 to 5.9 mg.ml-1. The mean maximum increase in RL was 2-fold (2.03 +/- 0.41) and was reached 2-11 min after the challenge. RL values were linearly correlated to time (r2 values greater than 0.80 in 14/16 instances). The two slopes of recovery were not significantly different. Slopes of recovery and total time of recovery (14-55 min) varied greatly between subjects. No relationship was found between baseline airway calibre, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and maximal increase in baseline RL on the one hand and the slopes of recovery on the other.
Dissipative Kerr solitons in optical microresonators (2015)

This chapter describes the discovery and stable generation of temporal dissipative Kerr solitons in continuous-wave (CW) laser driven optical microresonators. The experimental signatures as well as the temporal and spectral characteristics of this class of bright solitons are discussed. Moreover, analytical and numerical descriptions are presented that do not only reproduce qualitative features but can also be used to accurately model and predict the characteristics of experimental systems. Particular emphasis lies on temporal dissipative Kerr solitons with regard to optical frequency comb generation where they are of particular importance. Here, one example is spectral broadening and self-referencing enabled by the ultra-short pulsed nature of the solitons. Another example is dissipative Kerr soliton formation in integrated on-chip microresonators where the emission of a dispersive wave allows for the direct generation of unprecedentedly broadband and coherent soliton spectra with smooth spectral envelope.
The application of the Octopus® stabilizing system for the treatment of high risk patients with coronary artery disease (1999)

Patients with single-vessel to multivessel disease and serious risk factors for cardiopulmonary bypass can be safely treated by OPCAB surgery. At our institution this technique presents the procedure of choice in this particular patients group.
Quotients in monadic programming: projective algebras are equivalent to coalgebras (2017)

In monadic programming, datatypes are presented as free algebras, generated by data values, and by the algebraic operations and equations capturing some computational effects. These algebras are free in the sense that they satisfy just the equations imposed by their algebraic theory, and remain free of any additional equations. The consequence is that they do not admit quotient types. This is, of course, often inconvenient. Whenever a computation involves data with multiple representatives, and they need to be identified according to some equations that are not satisfied by all data, the monadic programmer has to leave the universe of free algebras, and resort to explicit destructors. We characterize the situation when these destructors are preserved under all operations, and the resulting quotients of free algebras are also their subalgebras. Such quotients are called projective. Although popular in universal algebra, projective algebras did not attract much attention in the monadic setting, where they turn out to have a surprising avatar: for any given monad, a suitable category of projective algebras is equivalent with the category of coalgebras for the comonad induced by any monad resolution. For a monadic programmer, this equivalence provides a convenient way to implement polymorphic quotients as coalgebras. The dual correspondence of injective coalgebras and all algebras leads to a different family of quotient types, which seems to have a different family of applications. Both equivalences also entail several general corollaries concerning monadicity and comonadicity.
Nebulized heparin for patients under mechanical ventilation: an individual patient data meta-analysis (2016)

Pulmonary coagulopathy is a characteristic feature of lung injury including ventilator-induced lung injury. The aim of this individual patient data meta-analysis is to assess the effects of nebulized anticoagulants on outcome of ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. A systematic search of PubMed (1966-2014), Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science was conducted to identify relevant publications. Studies evaluating nebulization of anticoagulants in ventilated patients were screened for inclusion, and corresponding authors of included studies were contacted to provide individual patient data. The primary endpoint was the number of ventilator-free days and alive at day 28. Secondary endpoints included hospital mortality, ICU- and hospital-free days at day 28, and lung injury scores at day seven. We constructed a propensity score-matched cohort for comparisons between patients treated with nebulized anticoagulants and controls. Data from five studies (one randomized controlled trial, one open label study, and three studies using historical controls) were included in the meta-analysis, compassing 286 patients. In all studies unfractionated heparin was used as anticoagulant. The number of ventilator-free days and alive at day 28 was higher in patients treated with nebulized heparin compared to patients in the control group (14 [IQR 0-23] vs. 6 [IQR 0-22]), though the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.459). The number of ICU-free days and alive at day 28 was significantly higher, and the lung injury scores at day seven were significantly lower in patients treated with nebulized heparin. In the propensity score-matched analysis, there were no differences in any of the endpoints. This individual patient data meta-analysis provides no convincing evidence for benefit of heparin nebulization in intubated and ventilated ICU patients. The small patient numbers and methodological shortcomings of included studies underline the need for high-quality well-powered randomized controlled trials.
Preference ofPopillia japonica1Larvae to Five Baits in the Laboratory (1981)

Journal Article Preference of Popillia japonica Larvae to Five Baits in the Laboratory Get access S. P. Briggs, S. P. Briggs 3 Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 3 168 Natural Resources Bldg., Univ. of Ill., Ill. Ext. Serv., Champaign. IL. 61820. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. A. Allen W. A. Allen 4 Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 4 Dept. of Entomology, VPl & SU. Blacksburg, VA 24061. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 10, Issue 3, 1 June 1981, Pages 386–387, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/10.3.386 Published: 01 June 1981 Article history Received: 01 July 1980 Published: 01 June 1981
Nevanlinna Functions, Perturbation Formulas, and Triplets of Hilbert Spaces (1998)

Abstract Let S be a closed symmetric operator with defect numbers (1,1) in a Hilbert space 𝔥 and let A be a selfadjoint operator extension of S in 𝔥. Then S is necessarily a graph restriction of A and the selfadjoint extensions of S can be considered as graph perturbations of A , cf. [8]. Only when S is not densely defined and, in particular, when S is bounded, 5 is given by a domain restriction of A and the graph perturbations reduce to rank one perturbations in the sense of [23]. This happens precisely when the Q ‐ function of S and A belongs to the subclass No of Nevanlinna functions. In this paper we show that by going beyond the Hilbert space 𝔥 the graph perturbations can be interpreted as compressions of rank one perturbations. We present two points of view: either the Hilbert space 𝔥 is given a one‐dimensional extension, or the use of Hilbert space triplets associated with A is invoked. If the Q ‐ function of S and A belongs to the subclass N 1 of Nevanlinna functions, then it is convenient to describe the selfadjoint extensions of S including its generalized Friedrichs extension (see [6]) by interpolating the original triplet, cf. [5]. For the case when A is semibounded, see also [4]. We prove some invariance properties, which imply that such an interpolation is independent of the (nonexceptional) extension.
A Motor Primer - The Next Generation: PM Machines: Copyright Material IEEE, Paper No. PCIC-2018-31 (2018)

The demand for improved efficiency, the desire for increased power density and stabilization of material pricing have resulted in a more widespread application of permanent magnet motors. Once restricted to use on certain specialized applications, permanent magnet motors are now being applied on a large variety of equipment including drilling rigs, process pumps, cooling towers, etc. As the original “A MOTOR PRIMER” papers [1]-[9] did for induction motors, there is a need to educate the user community on the operation and application of permanent magnet motors. Topics discussed include permanent magnet materials, common rotor configurations, application guidelines and serviceability. This paper is meant to serve as a reference for those who specify, apply, operate or service these types of machines.
Absolute Stereochemical Assignment and Fluorescence Tuning of the Small Molecule Tool, (–)‐Blebbistatin (2005)

Abstract (–)‐Blebbistatin ( 1 ), a recently discovered small molecule inhibitor of the ATPase activity of non‐muscle myosin II has been prepared from methyl 5‐methylanthranilate ( 6 ) in three steps. This flexible synthetic route has also been used to prepare a nitro group‐containing analogue 12 that has modified fluorescence properties and improved stability under microscope illumination. The key step in the synthesis of 1 and its analogues was the asymmetric hydroxylation of the quinolone intermediate 3 using the Davis oxaziridine methodology. The absolute stereochemistry of (–)‐blebbistatin ( 1 ) was shown to be S by X‐ray crystal structure analysis of a heavy atom (bromine) containing analogue 11 , which was subsequently reduced and shown to be identical to 1 . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Keeping Hospitals Healthy: Focus Centers Translate into Greater Net Revenue (2008)

The author explored the relation between focus centers in multihospital systems and net revenue. Research included related topics such as the multihospital system as a response to regulatory banning of specialty hospitals and the relations between the number of focus centers, median income, bed size, morbidity rates, net revenue, and patient days. To conduct the analysis, the author examined 20 randomly selected multihospital systems. The results of this study support the premise that focus centers contribute to greater net revenue for hospitals.
Matrix density alters E2-induced changes in transcripts in MCF-7 and T47D cells in a cell-context dependent manner. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;a–d)&lt;/b&gt; MCF-7 cells were cultured in LD or HD collagen, treated ± 1nM E2 for 24h, and RNA was harvested and mRNA was analyzed via qRT-PCR for the estrogen target genes, &lt;i&gt;TFF1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;(a)&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CATD&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;(b)&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PGR&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;(c)&lt;/b&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;UGT2B15&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;(d)&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;b&gt;e-h)&lt;/b&gt; T47D cells were cultured and analyzed as above for the estrogen-target genes, &lt;i&gt;TFF1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;(e)&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CATD&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;(f)&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PGR&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;(g)&lt;/b&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;UGT2B15&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;(h)&lt;/b&gt;. n = 3, *p&lt;0.05, **p&lt;0.01, ***p&lt;0.001.&lt;/p&gt;
Capillary arrays with variable channel density: An improved gas injection system (1994)

A new design concept has been studied for capillary array collimators used for the injection of gases, e.g., in gas source molecular-beam epitaxy. So far, the conventional designs suffer from either poor uniformity or low efficiency in precursor consumption (ratio of flux impinging on substrate to total emitted flux). The key feature of our new design is that the surface channel density is not homogeneous across the array but radius dependent instead, with the density of channels increasing towards the source array edge. In this way the steep decrease of the flux away from the beam center, which is a characteristic feature of conventionally designed arrays, is compensated. The numerical analysis shows that with the improved design, a high degree of uniformity (≳99%) can be achieved while at the same time the efficiency is increased by more than one order of magnitude compared to conventional capillary arrays.
Everolimus is an active agent in medullary thyroid cancer: a clinical and in vitro study (2011)

Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, which has been demonstrated to induce anti-tumour effects in different types of neuroendocrine tumours, has never been evaluated in patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of everolimus in combination with octreotide in MTC. Two patients with progressive metastatic MTC and high calcitonin levels were treated with everolimus 5-10 mg/day. Both patients were under treatment with octreotide LAR at the study entry. An in vitro study was also performed to assess everolimus effects on MTC cell lines (TT and MZ-CRC-1 cells). A tumour response was observed in both patients. Serum calcitonin decreased by 86% in patient 1 and by 42% in patient 2. In TT and MZ-CRC-1 cells, everolimus induced a significant dose-dependent inhibition in cell proliferation. This effect seems to be related to a cell cycle arrest in G(0) /G(1) phase in both cell lines and to the induction of cellular senescence in TT cells. Everolimus in combination with octreotide may be active as anti-tumour therapy in patients with progressive metastatic MTC, suggesting to further evaluate this agent in MTC patients in a large prospective study.
Functional Adaptive Programming with DemeterF (2008)

In this paper we present a new functional traversal ab-straction for processing OO data structures that decom-poses traversal computation into three function objects and a traversal control function. Function objects compute and combine values over a general traversal while the control function allows programmers to limit the extent of a traver-sal. Our new abstraction is supported by a Java library, called DemeterF, that allows programmers to use OOP techniques to develop traversal related programs. The library provides a rich set of default traversal behavior and a multiple dispatch mechanism to match methods during data structure traversal. We demonstrate the usefulness of our library by developing a type checker and evaluator for a small functional OO lan-guage. 1.
Aggregation of blurred images through weighted FBA to remove camera shake (2016)

Many algorithms were designed to remove image blur due to camera shake, either with one or multiple input images, by using the deconvolution problem. If the photographer takes a burst of images, a modality available in virtually all modern digital cameras, it is possible to combine all the images to get a clean sharp version. This algorithm does not use blur estimation or its inverse problem. The proposed algorithm is strikingly simple where the average weight is calculated using Fourier domain which depends on the Fourier spectrum magnitude. Here, burst of images are taken into an account and each image in the burst is blurred differently. The proposed Fourier burst accumulation algorithm shows that one can obtain a sharp image by combining all the images together which is blurred differently. This can be implemented in modern smart phones.
Parity and Heteroatom Effects on Open-Shell Exchange Interactions:  Nitrenophenyl Iminoylnitroxides (2005)

Photolysis of pN3PhIN and mN3PhIN in frozen matrix yields pNPhIN and mNPhIN, respectively. pNPhIN gives a quartet state with nonlinear ESR intensity behavior (|D/hc| = 0.300 cm(-1), |E/hc| congruent with 0.0 cm(-1)); mNPhIN gives a thermally excited quartet state (|D/hc| = 0.336 cm(-1), |E/hc| = 0.006 cm(-1)) with inverse Curie behavior. Computations show little nitrene delocalization onto the radicals even for the para system. The NPhIN systems behave differently from analogous nitronylnitroxides due to asymmetric radical spin distribution. [reaction: see text]
An Experiment Design for Measuring the Velocity Field of a Round Wall Jet in Counter-Flow (2014)

In this paper the wall jet, and the problem of jet in counter-flow are introduced briefly and an experimental method for finding the velocity field of a round wall jet in counter-flow is presented. The jet to counter-flow velocity ratio is changed from 1.3 to 25. The measuring technique is two component particle image velocimetry (PIV) by using 4 cameras which provides a large field of view to cover the whole penetration depth of the wall jet at all conditions. The details of the experimental procedure and data extraction are discussed. To validate the accuracy of the test setup, the velocity field of the wall jet in quiescent ambient is obtained in a range of Reynolds number up to 10,000 and is compared with available data in the literatures. The mean velocity field and its main characteristics for the case of jet to counter-flow velocity ratio equal to 17.5 are discussed shortly.
Social Media in Political Transition: A Literature Review (2016)

Social networks caused tremendous changes in the way people interact in private and public matters. An apparent and often-cited example is the so-called “Arab Spring”, where social media is assumed to be the ignition spark for civic uprising. Since the impact of social media on political transition, as the path, in which a political system turns from autocracy to democracy, is a “hot issue”, it is being researched in a wide range of scientific disciplines. To identify research streams, we offer a comprehensive and systematic literature review in the disciplines of Information Systems, Social Science and Humanities. Altogether, we identified 177 papers as relevant to the topic based on keywords. A considerable amount deals with the revolutions in Middle East and North Africa region. However, Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong and Russia are also mentioned. The results of our study reveal a huge diversity of social media users and purposes of social media usage in various countries’ stages of political transition. They provide a contribution to the interdisciplinary research on social media in political transition.
Direct Antigen Presentation and Gap Junction Mediated Cross-Presentation during Apoptosis (2009)

MHC class I molecules present peptides from endogenous proteins. Ags can also be presented when derived from extracellular sources in the form of apoptotic bodies. Cross-presentation of such Ags by dendritic cells is required for proper CTL responses. The fate of Ags in cells initiated for apoptosis is unclear as is the mechanism of apoptosis-derived Ag transfer into dendritic cells. Here we show that novel Ags can be generated by caspases and be presented by MHC class I molecules of apoptotic cells. Since gap junctions function until apoptotic cells remodel to form apoptotic bodies, transfer and cross-presentation of apoptotic peptides by neighboring and dendritic cells occurs. We thus define a novel phase in classical Ag presentation and cross-presentation by MHC class I molecules: presentation of Ags created by caspase activities in cells in apoptosis.
Bent crystal spectrometer for both frequency and wavenumber resolved x-ray scattering at a seeded free-electron laser (2014)

We present a cylindrically curved GaAs x-ray spectrometer with energy resolution ΔE/E = 1.1 × 10(-4) and wave-number resolution of Δk/k = 3 × 10(-3), allowing plasmon scattering at the resolution limits of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) x-ray free-electron laser. It spans scattering wavenumbers of 3.6 to 5.2/Å in 100 separate bins, with only 0.34% wavenumber blurring. The dispersion of 0.418 eV/13.5 μm agrees with predictions within 1.3%. The reflection homogeneity over the entire wavenumber range was measured and used to normalize the amplitude of scattering spectra. The proposed spectrometer is superior to a mosaic highly annealed pyrolytic graphite spectrometer when the energy resolution needs to be comparable to the LCLS seeded bandwidth of 1 eV and a significant range of wavenumbers must be covered in one exposure.
Propionic acidemia: Analysis of mutant propionyl-CoA carboxylase enzymes expressed inEscherichia coli (2002)

Deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) results in propionic acidemia, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by ketoacidosis sufficiently severe to cause neonatal death. PCC is involved in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, odd-chain fatty acids, and cholesterol. The enzyme is a biotin-dependent mitochondrial protein composed of two heterologous subunits arranged into an 800-kDa alpha(6 )beta(6) dodecameric structure. Approximately 60 mutations have been reported in the nuclear genes PCCA and PCCB that encode the two PCC subunits. The vast majority of these mutations have not been examined at the protein level. We present an initial characterization of 13 mutations located in exons 1, 3-7, and 12-14 of PCCB. After expression in E. coli, these recombinant mutant enzymes were analyzed for stability, biotinylation, alpha-beta subunit interaction, and activity. Our results show a functional dichotomy in these PCCB mutations with some mutants (R44P, S106R, G131R, G198D, V205D, I408del, and M442T) capable of varying degrees of assembly but forming catalytically inactive PCC proteins. Other PCCB mutants (R165W, E168K, D178H, P228L, and R410W) that are PCC deficient in patient-derived fibroblasts, were found to be capable of expressing wild-type level PCC activity when assembled in our chaperone-assisted E. coli expression system. This result indicates that these mutations exert their pathogenic effect due to an inability to assemble correctly in patients' cells. This initial screen has identified a range of mutant PCC proteins that are sufficiently stable to be purified and subsequently used for structure-function analysis to further elucidate the complex relationship between genotype and phenotype in propionic acidemia.
Erratum: Dietary supplementation with a specific combination of high protein, leucine, and fish oil improves muscle function and daily activity in tumour-bearing cachectic mice (2009)

Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2009) 99, 713–722. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604905 During correction of the above manuscript, the second affiliation of the lead author (Klaske van Norren) was omitted. The full affiliations are now shown below. K Van Norren*,1,5, D Kegler1, JM Argilés2, Y Luiking1, M Gorselink3, A Laviano4, K Arts6, J Faber1, H Jansen1, EM van der Beek1 and A van Helvoort1
Finding a History for Software Engineering (2004)

Historians and software engineers are both looking for a history for software engineering. For historians, it is a matter of finding a point of perspective from which to view an enterprise that is still in the process of defining itself. For software engineers, it is the question of finding a usable past, as they have sought to ground their vision of the enterprise on historical models taken from science, engineering, industry, and the professions. The article examines some of those models and their application to software engineering.