gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibronectin fibers are highly tensed in healthy organs in contrast to tumors and virus-infected lymph nodes (2020)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) acts as reservoir for a plethora of growth factors and cytokines some of which are hypothesized to be regulated by ECM fiber tension. Yet, ECM fiber tension has never been mapped in healthy versus diseased organs. Using our recently developed tension nanoprobe derived from the bacterial adhesin FnBPA5, which preferentially binds to structurally relaxed fibronectin fibers, we discovered here that fibronectin fibers are kept under high tension in selected healthy mouse organs. In contrast, tumor tissues and virus-infected lymph nodes exhibited a significantly higher content of relaxed or proteolytically cleaved fibronectin fibers. This demonstrates for the first time that the tension of ECM fibers is significantly reduced upon pathological tissue transformations. This has wide implications, as the active stretching of fibronectin fibers adjusts critical cellular niche parameters and thereby tunes the reciprocal cell-ECM crosstalk. Mapping the tensional state of fibronectin fibers opens novel and unexpected diagnostic opportunities.
Tough at the top (1987)

Report on Advances in thin hard coatings, IOP Tribology Group and the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 26 March 1987, NCT, Risley. Warrington.
Design of pump suction ammonia detection device based on TDLAS technology (2017)

The concentration of ammonia will affect the growth and health of animals. At present, the ammonia sensor is widely used in electrochemical detection, but it has defects like easy aging, short lifetime, slow response, low precision and requirement for calibration. The ammonia concentration is more difficult to measure because ammonia is easy to react with water molecules in the air. Aiming at this problem, this paper designs a kind of pump suction ammonia detection device based on TDLAS spectrum absorption technology. Based on Beer-Lambert's law, the DFB laser with wavelength of 1512.2nm was chosen as the ammonia gas detection light source. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy is used to demodulate the output signal of the detector. The precise temperature control and heat dissipation structure of the laser and the long path gas absorption cell are designed. Under the condition of high speed gas flow by Pump Suction, the concentration of ammonia in the gas absorption cell is consistent with the faster speed, and the effect of adsorption is reduced. The results show that the device is effective in piggery.
Oxygenate formation from electrophilic attack of a rhodium/zirconium A-frame containing a .mu.2:.eta.2-acetyl bridge (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxygenate formation from electrophilic attack of a rhodium/zirconium A-frame containing a .mu.2:.eta.2-acetyl bridgeGregory S. Ferguson and Peter T. WolczanskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 26, 8293–8295Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00286a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00286a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ESR of Adsorbed Oxygen Species (1974)

Abstract Although the catalytic oxidation of inorganic molecules, as well as the oxidation and oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, has been the subject of extensive research, the role of oxygen in surface reactions remains uncertain. Various forms of adsorbed oxygen have been proposed on the basis of kinetic and adsorption data or electrical conductivity measurements; yet, very little direct spectroscopic evidence is available apart from that provided by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy.
Ligand recognition by murine anti-DNA autoantibodies. II. Genetic analysis and pathogenicity. (1996)

Although anti-DNA autoantibodies are an important hallmark of lupus, the relationships among anti-DNA structure, reactivity, and pathogenicity have not been fully elucidated. To further investigate these relationships, we compare the variable genes and primary structure of eight anti-DNA mAbs previously obtained from an MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mouse along with the ability of three representative mAbs to induce nephritis in nonautoimmune mice using established adoptive transfer protocols. One monospecific anti-single-stranded (ss) DNA (11F8) induces severe diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis in nonautoimmune mice whereas another anti-ssDNA with apparently similar in vitro binding properties (9F11) and an anti-double-stranded DNA (4B2) are essentially benign. These results establish a murine model of anti-DNA-induced glomerular injury resembling the severe nephritis seen in lupus patients and provide direct evidence that anti-ssDNA can be more pathogenic than anti-double-stranded DNA. In vitro binding experiments using both protein-DNA complexes and naive kidney tissue indicate that glomerular localization of 11F8 may occur by recognition of a planted antigen in vivo. Binding to this antigen is DNase sensitive which suggests that DNA or a DNA-containing molecule is being recognized.
Quadruplex folding promotes the condensation of linker histones and DNAs via liquid-liquid phase separation (2021)

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins and DNA has recently emerged as a possible mechanism underlying the dynamic organization of chromatin. We herein report the role of DNA quadruplex folding in liquid droplet formation via LLPS induced by interactions between DNA and linker histone H1 (H1), a key regulator of chromatin organization. Fluidity measurements inside the droplets, binding assays using G-quadruplex-selective probes, and structural analyses based on circular dichroism demonstrated that quadruplex DNA structures, such as the G-quadruplex and i-motif, promote droplet formation with H1 and decrease molecular motility within droplets. The dissolution of the droplets in the presence of additives and the LLPS of the DNA structural units indicated that in addition to electrostatic interactions between the DNA and the intrinsically disordered region of H1, π-π stacking between quadruplex DNAs could potentially drive droplet formation, unlike in the electrostatically driven LLPS of duplex DNA and H1. According to phase diagrams of anionic molecules with various conformations, the high LLPS ability associated with quadruplex folding arises from the formation of interfaces consisting of organized planes of guanine bases and the side surfaces with high charge density. Given that DNA quadruplex structures are well documented in heterochromatin regions, it is imperative to understand the role of DNA quadruplex folding in the context of intranuclear LLPS.
Self-Alignment of Patterned Wafers Using Capillary Forces at a Water–Air Interface (2001)

Capillary interactions at a water–air interface were used to align a two-inch glass wafer to a three-inch silicon wafer. Flat, smooth silica surfaces were patterned with gold millimeter-scale borders enclosing micrometer-scale features. The gold features were rendered hydrophobic through the use of self-assembled monolayers, the silica was wetted with water, and the wafers were pressed together. The assembly snapped into alignment based upon the minimization of the curvature of the meniscus formed at the water–air interface. The accuracy of this alignment was better than one micrometer. Gravitational energy was used to systematically study the alignment force as a function of pattern parameters. These data can be modeled by interfacial energy theory. These experiments identify a clear set of conditions necessary for the use of this technique for high-precision alignment.
Patients’ Ratings of Family Physician Practices on the Internet: Usage and Associations With Conventional Measures of Quality in the English National Health Service (2012)

The frequency of patients rating their family physicians on the Internet is variable in England, but the ratings are generally positive and are moderately associated with other measures of patient experience and weakly associated with clinical quality. Although potentially flawed, patient ratings on the Internet may provide an opportunity for organizational learning and, as it becomes more common, another lens to look at the quality of primary care.
Triggering of a plant molecular defense mechanism: Increase in gene expression levels of transgenegshI and poplar genegsh1 (Populus×canescens) by response to the DNA demethylating drug DHAC — an qRT-PCR analysis (2007)

As DNA methylation patterns are inherited (‘epigenetic memory’) gsh I transgenic poplar ( Populus × canescens ) clones (11 ggs and 6 Lgl ) were treated with the DNA demethylating drug DHAC (5,6-dihydro-5′-azacytidine hydrochloride) at 10 −4 M for 7 days in order to study acquired plant molecular defense mechanisms in novel plant sources. In this study, the response of relative gene expression levels of transgene gsh I and poplar gene gsh 1 to DHAC treatment were analyzed by qRT-PCR ( q uantitative r everse t ranscriptase PCR). High expression levels of transgene gsh I were observed in the 6 Lgl clone (13.5-fold increase) compared to 11 ggs (1.0) sample. The expression level doubled (1.8-fold increase) in the DHAC-treated 6 Lgl samples but not in the 11 ggs clone (0.4-fold). Contrary to this, the relative copy number of transgene gsh I in the 6 Lgl clone was found to be 60% less (1.0) than in the 11 ggs sample (1.6). Relative expression level of endogenous poplar gene gsh 1 showed significantly higher responsiveness to DHAC-induced demethylation than the transgene gsh I with the highest expression level in the untransformed WT poplar (19.7-fold increase) compared to transformed clones of 6 Lgl (8.7-fold increase) and 11 ggs (2.5-fold increase), respectively. Competition in the reactivation capacity between transgene gsh I and poplar gsh 1 of 6 Lgl clone was also observed as the relative gene expression level of transgene gsh I increased from a high relative expression level (13.5) up by about twofold (1.8 times) rate (to 23.7) compared to poplar gsh 1 gene that increased by an 8.7 increment from a lower level (1.6 rel. expression) to 13.9.
Dry-Etching Durability of Copolymers and Polymer Blends of Vinylnaphthalene or α-Methylstyrene with Methyl Methacrylate (1995)

Dry-etching durabilities of poly(2-vinylnaphthalene-co-methyl methacrylate), the blend of poly(2-vinylnaphthalene) and poly(methyl methacrylate) [PMMA], and poly(α-methylstyrene-co-methyl methacrylate) films were studied as a function of vinylnaphthalene or α-methylstyrene content against four types of dry etching: 1) O 2 plasma etching ( O 2 PE), 2) O 2 reactive ion etching ( O 2 RIE), 3) Ar + sputter etching (Ar SE), and 4) Ar ion beam etching (Ar IBE). Since the etching depth increased linearly with etching time the two-component polymer films were regarded to be etched uniformly without selected removal of aliphatic monomer units. Substantial enhacement of the durability was observed by incorporating or blending small amounts of aromatic moiety into PMMA for physical etching (Ar SE, Ar IBE) and physical/chemical etching ( O 2 RIE) as well as chemical etching ( O2 PE). O 2 RIE is a synergetic process involving both physical bombardment and chemical reaction.
Micro-aquatic-farm: On chip stimulation and evaluation system for microorganisms by magnetically driven microtools (2011)

In this paper, we propose micro-aquatic-farm, which mimic fluvial environment for an aquatic microorganism. The system provides ideal environment to measure and understand characteristics of the single microorganism. On-chip force sensor is fabricated by assembling layers to neglect the friction issue and it is actuated by permanent magnets, which supply mN order force to stimulate microorganisms. The displacement is magnified by designing beams on the force sensor and the sensor achieved 100 μN resolutions. We succeeded in on-chip stimulation and evaluation of Pleurosira laevis by magnetically driven microtool.
[Successfully performed STA-MCA anastomosis using a branch of the STA scarcely visible on cerebral angiography in two patients with ischemic type moyamoya disease]. (2012)

Preparation of a scalp artery as a donor is the first step in the procedure of direct anastomosis for the treatment of ischemic type moyamoya disease. In some cases, the scalp artery is not visualized well on cerebral angiograms. Another scalp artery must be used as a donor or it is interposed between the proximal portion of the firstly selected scalp artery and a branch of the middle cerebral artery in that condition. Skin incision should be planned to include multiple scalp arteries. On cerebral angiograms, in the present two cases, the diameter and length of branches of the STA was thought to be too small and short to anastomose, but direct anastomosis was successfully performed with a single STA branch. In conclusion, skin flap should include multiple scalp arteries prepared for interposition, and each branch of the scalp arteries should be carefully inspected intraoperatively to determine whether an angiographically small and short branch of the scalp can be used to anastomose.
Optimising stability bounds of finite-precision controller structures for sampled-data systems in the δ-operator domain (1999)

A tractable closed-loop stability-related measure for controller structures, realised using the δ operator and digitally implemented with `finite word length&apos; (FWL), is derived. The optimal realisations of the general finite-precision controller are defined as those that maximise this measure and are shown to be the solutions of a constrained nonlinear optimisation problem. For the special case of digital PID controllers, the constrained problem can be decoupled into two simpler unconstrained optimisation problems. A global optimisation strategy based on the adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) is adopted to provide an efficient method for solving this complex optimal realisation problem. Two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the design procedure, and the simulation results confirm that the optimal FWL realizations of the δ-operator based controller have better closed-loop stability margins than those of the usual shift-operator based controller, especially under fast sampling conditions.
On the killing of mycobacteria by macrophages (2007)

Both pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacteria are internalized into macrophage phagosomes. Whereas the non-pathogenic types are invariably killed by all macrophages, the pathogens generally survive and grow. Here, we addressed the survival, production of nitrogen intermediates (RNI) and intracellular trafficking of the non-pathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis, the pathogen-like, BCG and the pathogenic M. bovis in different mouse, human and bovine macrophages. The bacteriocidal effects of RNI were restricted for all bacterial species to the early stages of infection. EM analysis showed clearly that all the mycobacteria remained within phagosomes even at late times of infection. The fraction of BCG and M. bovis found in mature phagolysosomes rarely exceeded 10% of total, irrespective of whether bacteria were growing, latent or being killed, with little correlation between the extent of phagosome maturation and the degree of killing. Theoretical modelling of our data identified two different potential sets of explanations that are consistent with our results. The model we favour is one in which a small but significant fraction of BCG is killed in an early phagosome, then maturation of a small fraction of phagosomes with both live and killed bacteria, followed by extremely rapid killing and digestion of the bacteria in phago-lysosomes.
Skin effect in large tokamaks (1972)

Computer studies based on the empirical transport coefficients of present-day tokamaks predict strong skin effect in larger, hotter tokamak models. If the skin effect is suppressed by further anomalous enhancement of thermal transport in the skin layer, the resultant energy, loss and associated limiter heat load are inevitably very large. Suppression of the skin effect by a moving limiter is investigated.
Repository evaluation of software reuse (1993)

The use and benefits of repository evaluation of software reuse are illustrated through an analysis of the evolving repositories of two large firms that recently implemented integrated CASE development tools. The analysis shows that these tools have supported high levels of software reuse, but it also suggests that there remains considerable unexploited reuse potential. The findings indicate that organizational changes will be required before the full potential of the new technology can be realized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Quality of Service Decision Model for ATM-LAN/MAN Interconnection (1997)

this paper we describe a model of a system containing such a gateway, we outline the issues that need to be addressed in a performance study of the overall system. We are using this model to understand the QoS trade-offs with such a system, formalising the system&amp;apos;s performance through using Generalised Stochastic Petri Nets (GSPNs). Rationale for WAN/LAN interface models
Impact of the Coverage of Aptamers on a Nanoparticle on the Binding Equilibrium and Kinetics between Aptamer and Protein (2020)

Knowledge of the interaction between aptamer and protein is integral to the design and development of aptamer-based biosensors. Nanoparticles functionalized with aptamers are commonly used in these kinds of sensors. As such, studies into how the number of aptamers on the nanoparticle surface influence both kinetics and thermodynamics of the binding interaction are required. In this study, aptamers specific for interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were immobilized on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and the effect of surface coverage of aptamer on the binding interaction with its target was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy. The number of aptamers were adjusted from an average of 9.6 to 258 per particle. The binding isotherm between AuNPs–aptamer conjugate and protein was modeled with the Hill-Langmuir equation, and the determined equilibrium dissociation constant (K′D) decreased 10-fold when increasing the coverage of aptamer. The kinetics of the reaction as a function of coverage of aptamer were also investigated, including the association rate constant (kon) and the dissociation rate constant (koff). The AuNPs–aptamer conjugate with 258 aptamers per particle had the highest kon, while the koff was similar for AuNPs–aptamer conjugates with different surface coverages. Therefore, the surface coverage of aptamers on AuNPs affects both the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the binding. The AuNPs–aptamer conjugate with the highest surface coverage is the most favorable in biosensors considering the limit of detection, sensitivity, and response time of the assay. These findings deepen our understanding of the interaction between aptamer and target protein on the particle surface, which is important to both improve the scientific design and increase the application of aptamer–nanoparticle based biosensor.
Response of Strawberries to Irrigation Scheduling (1987)

Abstract A field experiment monitored the response of 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ‘Bounty’) plants to irrigation scheduled according to three criteria: a) daily rainfall ⩽1 mm, b) predawn leaf water potential ⩽ − 0.25 MPa, and c) soil water content ⩽50% plant-available water. All irrigated plots had significantly higher yields than nonirrigated plots ( P &lt; 0.05). The mean fruit weight was also higher in all irrigated plots, but differences were not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.10). The irrigation treatments had no effect on the length of the harvest period. Plots watered each day that rainfall was ⩽1 mm had significantly more crown development than other irrigated and nonirrigated plots ( P &lt; 0.05). Predawn leaf water potential was the most conservative criterion for irrigation scheduling.
A General System for Heuristic Solution of Convex Problems over Nonconvex Sets (2016)

We describe general heuristics to approximately solve a wide variety of problems with convex objective and decision variables from a nonconvex set. The heuristics, which employ convex relaxations, convex restrictions, local neighbor search methods, and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), require the solution of a modest number of convex problems, and are meant to apply to general problems, without much tuning. We describe an implementation of these methods in a package called NCVX, as an extension of CVXPY, a Python package for formulating and solving convex optimization problems. We study several examples of well known nonconvex problems, and show that our general purpose heuristics are effective in finding approximate solutions to a wide variety of problems.
Theory of Temporal Auditory Integration (1958)

A series of experiments indicate that the ear is capable of integrating sound energy spread over 100 msec or so. This may be a valuable attribute of hearing, and its existence can probably be explained by some evolutionary processes. Nevertheless, it remains puzzling how a system that seems to simply count the sound waves, and to respond to sound pressure rather than to sound intensity, functions as a power integrator. The theory shows a possible solution. It is based on neurophysiological as well as on psychophysical observations. It agrees quantitatively with measurements of the threshold of audibility as a function of stimulus duration and it helps explaining the shape of the threshold curve at low and medium frequencies. It also indicates that the apparent approximate power integration is caused by specific neurophysiological time constants.