gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extremely Formable Cold Rolled Sheet Steel with Ultra-High Lankford and n Values - Metallurgy and Formabilities (1993)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Extremely formable cold sheet steel with an ultra-high Lankford value of more than 2.5 and an n value of more than 0.27 has been developed. This steel is obtained due to the following factors; using extremely pure IF (Interstitial free) steel, immediate rapid cooling upon completion of rolling in the hot rolling process, a high reduction in the cold rolling process, and a high soaking temperature in the continuous annealing process.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This steel sheet shows excellent deep drawability and stretch formability compared with conventional steel sheet (former IF steel and low carbon aluminum-killed steel) as a result of evaluating the limiting drawing ratio and limiting dome height, respectively. This excellent formability is also shown by the model forming tests for simulating the actual stamping of an oilpan and a side-panel.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Furthermore, this steel shows the same spot-weldability as that of former IF steel, and zinc phosphatability similar to that of low carbon aluminum-killed steel.&lt;/div&gt;
Expression of the cytokine RANTES in human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Differential regulation of RANTES and interleukin-8 genes by inflammatory cytokines. (1993)

A chronic inflammatory disease may be characterized by an accumulation of activated leukocytes at the site of inflammation. Since the chemokine RANTES may play an active role in recruiting leukocytes into inflammatory sites, we investigated the ability of cultured human synovial fibroblasts isolated from patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis to produce this chemokine and compared its regulation to that of the closely related chemokine gene, interleukin-8 (IL-8). In unstimulated synovial fibroblasts, the expression of mRNA for both chemokines was undetectable, but was increased in both a time- and dose-dependent manner upon stimulation with the monokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). Preincubation of the cells with cycloheximide "superinduced" the level of IL-8 mRNA stimulated by TNF alpha and IL-1 beta and RANTES mRNA stimulated by IL-1 beta, but decreased the expression of RANTES mRNA in response to TNF alpha. In addition, differential regulation of these genes was noted when synovial fibroblasts were stimulated with a combination of cytokines. IL-4 down-regulated and IFN gamma enhanced the TNF alpha- and IL-1 beta-induced increase in RANTES mRNA, whereas the induction of IL-8 mRNA by TNF alpha or IL-1 beta was inhibited by IFN gamma and augmented by IL-4. Moreover, a combination of TNF alpha and IL-1 beta synergistically induced IL-8 mRNA expression, whereas under the same conditions, the level of expression of RANTES mRNA was less than that induced by TNF alpha alone. These observations were also reflected at the level of chemokine secretion. These studies demonstrate that by expressing the chemokines RANTES and IL-8, synovial fibroblasts may participate in the ongoing inflammatory process in rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, the observation that these chemokine genes are differentially regulated, depending upon the presence of different cytokines, indicates that the type of cellular infiltrate and the progress of the inflammatory disease is likely to depend on the relative levels of stimulatory and inhibitory cytokines.
Myeloid Acat1/Soat1 KO attenuates pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages and protects against atherosclerosis in a model of advanced lesions (2019)

Cholesterol esters are a key ingredient of foamy cells in atherosclerotic lesions; their formation is catalyzed by two enzymes: acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACATs; also called sterol <i>O-</i>acyltransferases, or SOATs) ACAT1 and ACAT2. ACAT1 is present in all body cells and is the major isoenzyme in macrophages. Whether blocking ACAT1 benefits atherosclerosis has been under debate for more than a decade. Previously, our laboratory developed a myeloid-specific <i>Acat1</i> knockout (KO) mouse (<i>Acat1</i><sup>-M/-M</sup>), devoid of ACAT1 only in macrophages, microglia, and neutrophils. In previous work using the <i>ApoE</i> KO (<i>ApoE</i><sup>-/-</sup>) mouse model for early lesions, <i>Acat1</i><sup>-M/-M</sup> significantly reduced lesion macrophage content and suppressed atherosclerosis progression. In advanced lesions, cholesterol crystals become a prominent feature. Here we evaluated the effects of <i>Acat1</i><sup>-M/-M</sup> in the <i>ApoE</i> KO mouse model for more advanced lesions and found that mice lacking myeloid <i>Acat1</i> had significantly reduced lesion cholesterol crystal contents. <i>Acat1</i><sup>-M/-M</sup> also significantly reduced lesion size and macrophage content without increasing apoptotic cell death. Cell culture studies showed that inhibiting ACAT1 in macrophages caused cells to produce less proinflammatory responses upon cholesterol loading by acetyl low-density lipoprotein. In advanced lesions, <i>Acat1</i><sup>-M/-M</sup> reduced but did not eliminate foamy cells. In advanced plaques isolated from <i>ApoE</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice, immunostainings showed that both ACAT1 and ACAT2 are present. In cell culture, both enzymes are present in macrophages and smooth muscle cells and contribute to cholesterol ester biosynthesis. Overall, our results support the notion that targeting ACAT1 or targeting both ACAT1 and ACAT2 in macrophages is a novel strategy to treat advanced lesions.
Size scaling of strength and toughness for 3D printed polymer specimens (2016)

To find material systems that offer low density and high strength, stiffness or toughness, hierarchically designed material systems have provided a promising research area. This thesis lays the groundwork for designing efficient micro-architectured material systems by characterizing size effects for 3d printed polymer parts. Two methods were used to analyze data from 3-point bend tests for specimens of varying size: the load-separation method was used for finding the point of crack growth initiation and Bazant’s method was used to find shape independent strength at failure. The strength values were used as inputs for finding size independent material constants within a thermodynamic scaling law model. Such material constants were found to not be universally applicable across the size scales being considered because the scaling law displayed non-monotonic behavior. The strength values showed a local maximum before decreasing at the smallest length scales. These results are compared to similar analytical and experimental results for both quasi-brittle materials and metals. Effects due to fractal crack propagation and specimen homogeneity are ruled out in consideration of the evidence for multiple size effects. Support is provided to show that the PolyJet process produces layers of varying elastic modulus, the thickness of which act as a characteristic length scale and reverse the energetic scaling law. The study concludes with recommendations for further work to confirm this hypothesis.
Fluorescence Phasor Plots Using Time Domain Data: Effect of the Instrument Response Function (2015)

Phasor plots of the fluorescence intensity decay (plots of the Fourier sine transform vs the Fourier cosine transform, for one or several angular frequencies) are being increasingly used, namely, in fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of cells, tissues, and surfaces, but are also relevant for the characterization of homogeneous (e.g., solution) systems. In this work, the construction of the phasor plot using time domain data is discussed, including the effect of the instrument response function (IRF). A deconvolution method in the Fourier space is described. The results obtained are applied to fluorescence decays of aqueous fluorescein (basic form) in the presence of concentrated potassium iodide. The effect of the impulse is clearly shown, in accordance with model predictions. Deconvolution in the Fourier space works well for lifetimes at least 1 order of magnitude higher than the IRF time width.
436 Development of Biaxial Tensile Test Technique for Film Materials (2008)

This paper describes novel biaxial tensile test technique for a film specimen to investigate material responses to uniaxial and biaxial tensile forces. We have developed biaxial tensile tester that consists of four sets of actuator, loadcell, and displacement meter in order to apply an arbitrary amount of tensile force to a film specimen in each axis. With the uniaxial test specimen of sputtered Al-Si-Cu film at room temperature (RT), average Young's modulus of 66.4 GPa and yield stress of 139.1 MPa have been obtained. With the biaxial test specimen, the yield locus has been evaluated by applying biaxial stresses with various strain rate ratios. The obtained yield stresses could be fitted by the yield criterion based on Hill equation, indicating that the flow stress under biaxial stress condition differ from that under uniaxial condition. Information about the yield locus would be useful for the structural design of MEMS including Al-Si-Cu film structures subjected to biaxial stresses.
A relational approach to zoom tracking for digital still cameras (2005)

Zoom tracking is becoming an integral part of any digital still camera. Zoom tracking involves the automatic adjustment of the focus motor in response to the zoom motor movements for the purpose of keeping an object of interest in focus. In this paper, we have introduced a new zoom tracking approach, named relational zoom tracking, where an estimate of a trace curve is obtained by using so called relational curves. A trace curve denotes focus motor positions versus zoom motor positions for a given object distance, whereas a relational curve denotes focus motor positions versus object distances for a given zoom motor position. The hardware implementation of this algorithm on a digital still camera is also provided in this paper. The obtained results show that the developed zoom tracking approach provides higher tracking accuracies as compared to the conventional zoom tracking methods while generating comparable or better tracking speeds.
Long-Term Glycemic Control in Adult Patients Undergoing Remote vs. Local Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation (2017)

At 1 year after TPIAT, patients undergoing remote surgery have equivalent rates of long-term insulin independence compared with patients undergoing TPIAT locally, but metabolic control is superior with local isolation.
Control scheme for TRIAC dimming high PF single-stage LED driver with adaptive bleeder circuit and non-linear current reference (2016)

Control scheme for TRIAC dimming high PF single-stage LED driver with adaptive bleeder circuit and nonlinear current reference is studied in this paper. The target of the control scheme is to achieve high efficiency and high compatibility to different kinds of TRIAC dimmers. The control scheme includes adaptive bleeder circuit control, operation modes control, non-linear current reference and output current estimation. The adaptive bleeder circuit regulates the bleeder current according to the phase angle to reduce the loss. The driver operates in boundary conduction model under large phase angle for achieving high efficiency and operates in discontinuous conduction mode with adaptive off-time control for frequency limitation. In order to achieve wide dimming angle, a non-linear current reference circuit is proposed. The output current estimation circuit is applied to estimate the output current so that the switch can be driven directly. Three topologies of TRIAC dimmable driver including floating buck, floating buck-boost and flyback with proposed control schemes are presented in this paper. Detailed theoretical analysis and optimal design considerations are presented. Finally, a 63V/135mA LED driver prototype based on floating buck-boost topology with the proposed control scheme was built up. High dimmer compatibility has been achieved.
Birefringence dispersions of liquid crystals (1986)

The origins of liquid-crystal birefringence were investigated. Theory on the quantitative birefringence dispersions of liquid crystals was developed and found to have excellent agreement with experimental results throughout the entire visible and infrared spectral regions. New guidelines for selecting or synthesizing the liquid crystals with the desired birefringence are established. Novel applications of liquid crystals in the infrared region are foreseeable.
Shaping humoral immunity to vaccines through antigen-displaying nanoparticles (2020)

Strategies to qualitatively and quantitatively enhance the humoral response to immunizations with protein and polysaccharide antigens are of broad interest for development of new and more effective vaccines. A strategy of increasing importance is the formulation of antigens into a particulate format, mimicking the physical form of viruses. The potential benefits of enhanced B cell receptor engagement by nanoparticles have been long been appreciated, but recent studies are defining additional important factors governing how nanoparticle immunogens interact with the immune system in the context of lymphoid organs. This review will discuss findings about how nanoparticles enhance humoral immunity in vivo and factors governing the fate of nanoparticle immunogens in lymph nodes.
Shock wave and material vapour plume propagation during excimer laser ablation of aluminium samples (1999)

A probe beam deflection technique was utilized to measure the propagation of a shock wave and material vapour plume generated during excimer laser ablation of aluminium samples. The measured transit time of the laser-induced shock wave was compared with the prediction based on an ideal blast-wave model, using the Sedov-Taylor solution. The prediction of the incident laser energy converted into the laser-induced gasdynamic flow utilizing this blast-wave model overestimated the efficiency, even under conditions when the measured shock-wave velocity follows the correct model relation. The propagation of material vapour was measured from the deflection of the probe beam at later times. The propagation velocity of material vapour ranged from 20-40 m s-1 with a greater velocity near the target surface.
Analysis of genetically modified red‐fleshed apples reveals effects on growth and consumer attributes (2012)

Consumers of whole foods, such as fruits, demand consistent high quality and seek varieties with enhanced health properties, convenience or novel taste. We have raised the polyphenolic content of apple by genetic engineering of the anthocyanin pathway using the apple transcription factor MYB10. These apples have very high concentrations of foliar, flower and fruit anthocyanins, especially in the fruit peel. Independent lines were examined for impacts on tree growth, photosynthesis and fruit characteristics. Fruit were analysed for changes in metabolite and transcript levels. Fruit were also used in taste trials to study the consumer perception of such a novel apple. No negative taste attributes were associated with the elevated anthocyanins. Modification with this one gene provides near isogenic material and allows us to examine the effects on an established cultivar, with a view to enhancing consumer appeal independently of other fruit qualities.
Reservoir Average Permeability from Seismic and Log Data (2008)

The objective is to demonstrate the possibility of reservoir permeability mapping using a frequency-dependent seismic attribute and analysis of log data. The coefficients of normal reflection and transmission of a planar p-wave from a permeable boundary can be expressed asymptotically as power series with respect to a small dimensionless parameter depending on the reservoir fluid mobility. The zero-order terms of the asymptotic expressions do not depend on reservoir rock permeability and are similar to the one predicted by the classical elastic model. The next, first order, term involves a factor proportional to fluid mobility, both for reflection and transmission coefficients. In case of a very thing porous permeable layer (h&lt;&lt;λ) transmitted-reflected slow waves can create a low frequency resonance providing an opportunity for seismic inversion. The functional structure of the first order asymptotic term suggests a frequency-dependent seismic attribute, which is proportional to reservoir fluid mobility. We have derived such attribute from real seismic data and analyzed it vs. log data. We have obtained that the possibility for seismic imaging of the reservoir transport properties, in particular mapping the lateral permeability variations, is realistic.
Critical radius of endotherms (1986)

The critical radius effect for insulation, well known in the engineering literature, was used by other authors to explain the lack of insulation on newborn endotherms. If that effect existed in small animals, they would lose less heat if nude than if fur or feathers were present. We show 1) that the previous analysis, although incomplete, yields the same result as a solid insulation model with the required sophistication and 2) that a proper model of fur is a porous media model. Neither of two porous media versions yield a critical radius effect. No critical radius effect occurs because simultaneous heat transfer by conduction and radiation makes it impossible to obtain the required logarithmic increase in thermal resistance with increasing insulation radius in a porous medium.
Selecting sequence numbers (1995)

A characteristic of almost all communication protocols is the use of unique numbers to identify individual pieces of data. These identifiers permit error control through acknowledgement and retransmission techniques. Usually successive pieces of data are identified with sequential numbers and the identifiers are thus called sequence numbers.This paper discusses techniques for selecting and synchronizing sequence numbers such that no errors will occur if certain network characteristics can be bounded and if adequate data error detection measures are taken. The discussion specifically focuses on the protocol described by Cerf and Kahn (1), but the ideas are applicable to other similar protocols.
Generalized eikonal treatment of the Gouy phase shift (2006)

We use a generalized refractive index that includes diffraction effects to show that the Gouy phase shift can be seen as an intensity averaged optical path difference between the generalized eikonal and the geometrical eikonal. This approach generalizes previous treatments to include the effects of phase distortion and confirms the role of transverse spatial confinement in the Gouy shift.
Using Latent Variable Autoregression to Monitor the Health of Individuals with Congestive Heart Failure (2016)

Sudden weight gain in patients living with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is often an indication that the individual is retaining fluid, which often means that patient's heart has weakened leading to increased risk of kidney or cardiac failure. Clinical interventions can be made at this stage, leading to better outcomes, however it is essential that the interventions take place before the patient's health declines too drastically. In this work, we present a latent variable autoregression model that tracks patient weight and blood pressure over time, allowing us to predict weight values into the future. We are also able to model continuous heart-rate signals and evaluate a subject's response to physical activity. This allows us to detect signs of health decline days earlier than existing rule-based systems, leading to the possibility of earlier clinical interventions, potentially preventing deadly medical emergencies.
Visible-light-promoted oxidative halogenation of alkynes (2019)

In nature, halogenation promotes the biological activity of secondary metabolites, especially geminal dihalogenation. Related natural molecules have been studied for decades. In recent years, their diversified vital activities have been explored for treating various diseases, which call for efficient and divergent synthetic strategies to facilitate drug discovery. Here we report a catalyst-free oxidative halogenation achieved under ambient conditions (halide ion, air, water, visible light, room temperature, and normal pressure). Constitutionally, electron transfer between the oxygen and halide ion is shuttled via simple conjugated molecules, in which phenylacetylene works as both reactant and catalyst. Synthetically, it provides a highly compatible late-stage transformation strategy to build up dihaloacetophenones (DHAPs).
A novel CD45RA+CD4+ transient thymic subpopulation in MRL-lpr/lpr mice: its relation to non-proliferating CD4−CD8−CD45RA+ tumor cells (1993)

MRL-lpr/lpr mice have hypertrophied lymph nodes comprising CD4-CD8- T cells. In addition, they contain CD4+CD8- T cells co-expressing the CD45RA marker. The correlation between these two subpopulations has been difficult to assess. We analyzed the expression of CD45RA (with the RA3-2C2 antibody) in various thymic and peripheral T cell subsets, using three-color immunofluorescence. We showed that in lpr mice (i) a transient CD4+CD8- thymic subset co-expresses CD45RA during the course of the disease, and (ii) thymic as well as peripheral CD4-CD8- and CD4+CD8- T cells brightly express CD45RA; furthermore (iii) in the lymph nodes, during lymphadenopathy, CD4+CD8-CD45RA+ T cells show a broad range of the CD4 fluorescence intensity, and (iv) the increase in MHC class II expression is restricted to CD45RA-T cells of the thymus and lymph nodes of lpr mice. Taken together, these data suggest that the CD4+CD8-CD45RA+ population might generate the CD4-CD8- tumor cells. In addition, using the bromodeoxyuridine labeling technique, we demonstrate that these cells are not the result of increased proliferation.
Candidate Evaluations and Social Media Following during the 2020 Presidential Campaign (2023)

This study investigates the relationship between presidential candidate evaluations and following the candidates on five social media (SM) platforms: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, and YouTube. Analyses of national survey data collected during the 2020 presidential campaign (N = 2,120) suggest that following a candidate on SM is positively associated with feelings toward that candidate, even after gender, age, race, education, party identification, and online news media use have been taken into consideration. Specifically, individuals who followed Trump on Facebook, Twitter, and/or YouTube supported him more than did those who did not follow him. Following Biden on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and/or Snapchat was positively associated with his feeling thermometer ratings after demographic variables, party identification, and online news media use were controlled. Moreover, we show that these positive relationships were more pronounced among those who did not identify with one of the major political parties. Following a candidate, however, was not necessarily associated with decreased support for the opposing candidate. Overall, our results highlight the importance of politicians’ use of social media during campaigns and suggest that following candidates on different SM platforms has unique relationships with candidate evaluations.
1.3-mu m InAs/GaAs quantum-dot lasers monolithically grown on Si substrates (2011)

We report the first operation of an electrically pumped 1.3-mu m InAs/GaAs quantum-dot laser epitaxially grown on a Si (100) substrate. The laser structure was grown directly on the Si substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. Lasing at 1.302 mu m has been demonstrated with threshold current density of 725 A/cm(2) and output power of similar to 26 mW for broad-area lasers with as-cleaved facets at room temperature. These results are directly attributable to the optimized growth temperature of the initial GaAs nucleation layer. (C)2011 Optical Society of America