gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenomics: A Path to Predictive Medicine for Schizophrenia (2005)

A significant variability is observed among patients in response to antipsychotics, and is caused by a variety of factors. This review summarizes the available knowledge of associations between pharmacogenetics and drug response in schizophrenia. The multifactorial etiology of schizophrenia makes it a complex interaction of symptoms. Adopting a pharmacogenomics approach represents a unique opportunity for the prediction of response to antipsychotic drugs by investigating genes implicated with specific symptoms and side effects. A network model of the interaction/crosstalk between the neurotransmitter signaling systems is presented to emphasize the importance of the genes associated with the molecular mechanisms of the disease and drug response. These genes may serve as potential susceptibility genes and drug targets for schizophrenia. The crucial point for the identification of a significant biologic marker(s) will include not only the experimental validation of the genes involved in the neurotransmitter signaling systems, but also the availability of large exactly comparable phenotyped patients samples. Coupling our knowledge of genetic polymorphisms with clinical response data promises a bright future for rapid advances in personalized medicine.
Controller design approaches for large space structures using LQG control theory (1979)

The paper presents several approaches for the design of reduced order controllers for large space structures. These approaches are shown to be based on LQG control theory and include truncation, modified truncation regulators and estimators, use of higher order estimators, selective modal suppression, and use of polynomial estimators. Further, the use of direct sensor feedback, as opposed to a state estimator, is investigated for some of these approaches. Finally, numerical results are given for a long free beam.
Enhancing maize yield in a conservation agriculture-based maize (Zea mays)- wheat (Triticum aestivum) system through efficient nitrogen management (2023)

This study evaluated the impact of contrasting tillage and nitrogen management options on the growth, yield attributes, and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in a conservation agriculture (CA)-based maize-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system. The field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2020 and 2021 at the research farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three tillage practices [conventional tillage with residue (CT), zero tillage with residue (ZT) and permanent beds with residue (PB)] as main plot treatments and in sub-plots five nitrogen management options [Control (without N fertilization), recommended dose of N @150 kg N/ha, Green Seeker-GS based application of split applied N, N applied as basal through urea super granules-USG + GS based application and 100% basal application of slow release fertilizer (SRF) @150 kg N/ha] with three replications. Results showed that both tillage and nitrogen management options had a significant impact on maize growth, yield attributes, and yield in both seasons. However, time to anthesis and physiological maturity were not significantly affected. Yield attributes were highest in the permanent beds and zero tillage plots, with similar numbers of grains per cob (486.1 and 468.6). The highest leaf area index (LAI) at 60 DAP was observed in PB (5.79), followed by ZT(5.68) and the lowest was recorded in CT (5.25) plots. The highest grain yield (2-year mean basis) was recorded with permanent beds plots (5516 kg/ha), while the lowestwas observed with conventional tillage (4931 kg/ha). Therefore, the study highlights the importance of CA practices for improving maize growth and yield, and suggests that farmers can achieve better results through the adoption of CA-based permanent beds and use of USG as nitrogen management option.
Synthèse des (R)‐ et (S)‐O‐isopropylidène‐1,2‐glycérols. Détermination de la pureté optique (1985)

Synthesis of the ( R )‐ and ( S )‐Glycerol Acetonides. Determination of the Optical Purity The optical purity of ( R )‐glycerol acetonide ( 1 ) and ( S )‐glycerol acetonide ( 1 ′) has been determined with great accuracy by gas chromatography after derivatization. The optical purity of ( S )‐glycerol actonide prepared from D ‐mannitol was &gt; 99.4% while for ( R )‐glycerol acetonide obtained from L ‐serine it was 95%.
Serum Antibodies to Individual Cytomegalovirus Structural Polypeptides in Renal Transplant Recipients during Viral Infection (1986)

In a longitudinal study we examined by immunoblotting (IB) the development and the evolution of the humoral immune response against individual cytomegalovirus (CMV) structural polypeptides in a total of 80 serum samples from 13 renal transplant recipients showing serological evidence of CMV infection and five renal transplant recipients with an anti-CMV antibody level unchanged over the observation period. The results showed that the IB reactivity at the time of transplantation may be a good index of the host's humoral immune status against CMV; by using this procedure it is possible to identify a seroconversion by the detection of antibodies reacting with some intermediate molecular weight proteins in sera examined at high dilution. Furthermore, IB is a very sensitive procedure also for IgM detection as it anticipates the positivity of the enzyme immune assay for IgM.
Obesity and Risk of Recurrence or Death After Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy With Letrozole or Tamoxifen in the Breast International Group 1-98 Trial (2012)

There was no evidence that the benefit of letrozole over tamoxifen differed according to patients' BMI.
Purification and characterization of a 90 kDa protein released from human tumors and tumor cell lines (1993)

A novel tumor-associated protein, termed 90K, and recognized by mAb SP-2 was purified from serum of breast cancer patients, ovarian cancer ascitic fluid and conditioned medium of human breast cancer cells. In these three sources, native 90K is present as a high molecular weight complex that was dissociated by SDS-PAGE into a major band of approximately 90,000 Da. On the basis of electrophoretic mobility, buoyant density value, amino acid composition, and immunoreactivity, the 90K from the different sources appeared to be identical. NH2-terminal amino acid sequence revealed no homology to known protein.
Oxygen uptake response during maximal cycling in hyperoxia, normoxia and hypoxia. (2001)

Moderate hypoxia or hyperoxia do not affect VO2 time constants at the onset of maximal exercise. However, MRT for VO2peak is shortened in hypoxia. It is suggested that the differences in VO2peak and power output during the latter half of the test and the point that FIO2 was modified only moderately might explain most of the discrepancy with the previous studies.
Inheritance in smalltalk-80: a denotational definition (1988)

A denotational semantic definition of SMALLTALK-80 is given. Its most notable characteristic is a surprisingly simple treatment of inheritance. An executable version of the semantics, written in STANDARD ML, is also described.
Adaptive search space scaling in digital image registration (1989)

An image registration technique for application in X-ray, gamma-ray, and magnetic resonance imaging is described. The technique involves searching a real-valued, multidimensional, rectangular, symmetric space of bilinear geometrical transformations for a globally optimal transformation. Physical considerations provide theoretical limits on the search space, but the theoretically maximum allowable space is still often much larger than the smallest rectangular symmetric subspace that contains the optimal transformation. To reduce the search time, the current practice is to guess an optimal subspace from the maximum allowable space. This reduced space is then discretized and searched. An automatic technique to estimate adaptively a subspace from the maximum space during the search process itself is described. This adaptive technique is tested with two quite different types of search algorithms, namely, genetic algorithms and simulated annealing.
Pellet Fueling of ITER Burning Plasmas (2005)

Pellet injection is the primary technique planned for fueling of ITER burning plasmas. Efficient fueling with D-T is a requirement for achieving high fusion gain and it cannot be achieved with gas fueling alone. Injection of pellets from the inner wall has been shown on present day tokamaks to provide efficient fueling and is planned for use on ITER. Modeling of the fueling deposition from inner wall pellet injection using the Parks EtimesB drift model indicates that pellets have the capability to fuel well inside the separatrix. Gas fueling calculations show very poor fueling efficiency due to the high density and wide scrape off layer. Isotopically mixed D-T pellets can provide efficient tritium fueling that will minimize tritium wall loading when compared to gas puffing
Rotation-Invariant Gait Identification with Quaternion Convolutional Neural Networks (Student Abstract) (2021)

Accelerometric gait identification systems should ideally be robust to changes in device orientation from the enrollment phase to the deployment phase. However, traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) used in these systems compensate poorly for such distributional shifts. In this paper, we target this problem by introducing an SO(3)-equivariant quaternion convolutional kernel inside the CNN. Our architecture (Quaternion CNN) significantly outperforms a traditional CNN in a multi-user gait classification setting. Additionally, the kernels learned by QCNN can be visualized as basis-independent trajectory fragments in Euclidean space, a novel mode of feature visualization and extraction.
Thermal Stability of Hole-Selective Tungsten Oxide: In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study (2018)

In this study, the thermal stability of a contact structure featuring hole-selective tungsten oxide (WO<sub>x</sub>) and aluminum deposited onto p-type crystalline silicon (c-Si/WO<sub>x</sub>/Al) was investigated using a combination of transmission line measurements (TLM) and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. The TEM images provide insight into why the charge carrier transport and recombination characteristics change as a function of temperature, particularly as the samples are annealed at temperatures above 500 °C. In the as-deposited state, a ≈ 2 nm silicon oxide (SiO<sub>x</sub>) interlayer forms at the c-Si/WO<sub>x</sub> interface and a ≈ 2-3 nm aluminum oxide (AlO<sub>x</sub>) interlayer at the WO<sub>x</sub>/Al interface. When annealing above 500 °C, Al diffusion begins, and above 600 °C complete intermixing of the SiO<sub>x</sub>, WO<sub>x</sub>, AlO<sub>x</sub> and Al layers occurs. This results in a large drop in the contact resistivity, but is the likely reason surface recombination increases at these high temperatures, since a c-Si/Al contact is basically being formed. This work provides some fundamental insight that can help in the development of WO<sub>x</sub> films as hole-selective rear contacts for p-type solar cells. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that in situ TEM can provide valuable information about thermal stability of transition metal oxides functioning as carrier-selective contacts in silicon solar cells.
Personal digital assistant (PDA) based I2C bus analysis (2003)

Personal digital assistants are lightweight, inexpensive, and ubiquitous. Furthermore, they have desktop class operating systems features supported by industrial strength development tools. These devices provide an ideal platform for deploying a practical platform for I2C bus analysis. In this paper, we propose a low-cost, highly portable I2C bus analyzer on a PalmOS based PDA. We describe the hardware interface, the supporting libraries, and the PalmOS-complaint application. The proposed approach is flexible and supports the creation of additional bus analyzer applications by third parties. The example bus analyzer application described here provides three operating modes, passive snooping, active bus mastering, and active slave device emulation. Each mode function over number of user-selectable data rates.
Ontogeny of water transport in rat brain: postnatal expression of the aquaporin‐4 water channel (1999)

Brain water transport is poorly understood at the molecular level, and marked changes occur during brain development. As the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel protein is abundant in brain, the expression levels and subcellular distribution of this protein were examined during postnatal development. This study focused on the cerebellum, which showed the same pattern of AQP4 development as the rest of the brain. Semiquantitative immunoblotting revealed very low levels of AQP4 in the first postnatal week. A pronounced increase was noted in the second week, from 2% of adult level at postnatal day 7 (PN7) to 25% at PN14. At PN1 and PN3 immunofluorescence microscopy revealed weak labelling, mainly in radial processes (Bergmann fibres) and at the pial surface. Between PN7 and PN14 the labelling underneath the pia showed a strong increase, and immunoreactivity also appeared around blood vessels throughout the cerebellum. High-resolution immunogold electron microscopy revealed that the subpial and perivascular labelling was restricted to glial end feet, notably to those plasma membrane domains that were apposed to the basal laminae. At no stage was there any evidence of neuronal AQP4 labelling, and AQP1, -2, -3 and -5 proteins were not detected in the neuropil. Riboprobes to AQP4 mRNA produced a particularly strong in situ hybridization signal in glial cells between PN7 and PN14, corresponding to the stage of the most rapid increase of AQP4 protein. The time course and pattern of AQP4 expression suggests that this aquaporin plays an important role in brain water and K+ homeostasis from the second week of development.
Analysis of gene expression in the rat hippocampus using real time PCR reveals high inter‐individual variation in mRNA expression levels (2002)

In mammals, gene transcription is a step subjected to tight regulation mechanisms. In fact, changes in mRNA levels in the central nervous system (CNS) can account for numerous phenotypic differences in brain function. We performed a high-resolution analysis of mRNA expression levels for 37 genes selected from a normal rat hippocampus cDNA library. mRNA amounts were quantified using a Real Time PCR SYBR Green assay. We found that, in general, individuals from an inbred rat population (n = 20) have shown 2-3 times differences in the basal level of expression of the genes analyzed. Up to several fold differences among individuals were observed for certain genes. These inter-individual differences were obtained after correction for the different amounts of mRNA in each sample. Power calculations were performed to determine the number of individuals required to detect reliable differences in expression levels between a control and an experimental group. These data indicated that, depending on the variability of the candidate gene selected, it was necessary to analyze from five to 135 individuals in each group to detect differences of 50% in the levels of mRNA expression between two groups investigated. The comparison of mRNA abundance from different genes revealed a wide range of expression levels for the 37 genes, showing a 26,000-fold difference between the highest and lowest expressed gene.
The Role of Proton Shuttles in the Reversible Activation of Hydrogen via Metal–Ligand Cooperation (2019)

The reversible activation of H<sub>2</sub> via a pathway involving metal-ligand cooperation (MLC) is proposed to be important in many transition metal catalyzed hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of experimental information probing the mechanism of this transformation. Here, we present an in-depth kinetic study of the 1,2-addition of H<sub>2</sub> via an MLC pathway to the widely used iron catalyst [(<sup><i>i</i>Pr</sup>PNP)FeH(CO)] (<b>1</b>) (<sup><i>i</i>Pr</sup>PNP = N(CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>P<sup><i>i</i></sup>Pr<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>). We report one of the first experimental demonstrations of an enhancement in rate for the activation of H<sub>2</sub> using protic additives, which operate as "proton shuttles". Our results indicate that proton shuttles need to be able to both simultaneously donate and accept a proton, and the best shuttles are molecules that are strong hydrogen bond donors but sufficiently weak acids to avoid deleterious protonation of the transition metal complex. Additionally, comparison of the rate of H<sub>2</sub> activation via an MLC pathway between <b>1</b> and two widely used ruthenium catalysts enables more general conclusions about the role of the metal, ancillary ligand, and proton shuttles in H<sub>2</sub> activation. The results of this study provide guidance about the design of catalysts and additives to promote H<sub>2</sub> activation via an MLC pathway.
Evaluation of alginate–whey protein microcapsules for intestinal delivery of lipophilic compounds in pigs (2015)

This study indicates alginate-whey protein microencapsulation is a feasible approach for targeted oral delivery of hydrophobic compounds to pig intestines; increasing capsule size increased delivery of carvacrol to the end of the small intestine. © 2015 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
Suppressive effect of carotenoids on the luminol dependent chemiluminescence of the stimulated rat macrophages. (1999)

Rat macrophages stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) produced significant chemiluminescence in luminol. Carotenoids suppressed the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence at the beginning and after two minutes of the stimulation. Canthaxanthin and bixin had higher suppressive activity that beta-carotene and lutein. The measurement of the absorption spectra of carotenoids showed that the absorption by carotenoids was diminished during the stimulation of macrophages. The results suggest that the suppressive effect of carotenoids may be due to their scavenging the reactive oxygen metabolites released by macrophages.
Mali: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (2003)

Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) are prepared by member countries in broad consultation with stakeholders and development partners, including the staffs of the World Bank and the IMF. Updated every three years with annual progress reports, they describe the country's macroeconomic, structural, and social
Malignant PEComa: a case report with emphasis on clinical and morphological criteria (2011)

Here we report and discuss the peculiar clinical, radiological and morphological presentation of unresectable PEComa. Although in the majority of the reported series, PEComas show a more better prognosis, our case presents with a particular aggressive biological behaviour. The importance of a correct preoperative diagnosis, the need for more effective targeted therapies based on tumor molecular knowledge and evidence-based clinical studies are emphasized together with a revision of the concerning scientific literature.
Performance of wireless CDMA with M-ary orthogonal modulation and cell site antenna arrays (1996)

An antenna array-based base station receiver structure for wireless direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) with M-ary orthogonal modulation is proposed. The base station uses an antenna array beamformer-RAKE structure with noncoherent equal gain combining. The receiver consists of a "front end" beamsteering processor feeding a conventional noncoherent RAKE combiner. The performance of the proposed receiver with closed loop power control in multipath fading channels is evaluated. Expressions for the system uncoded bit-error probability (BEP) as a function of the number of users, number of antennas, and the angle spread are derived for different power control scenarios. The system capacity in terms of number of users that can be supported for a given uncoded BEP is also evaluated. Analysis results show a performance improvement in terms of the system capacity due to the use of antenna arrays and the associated signal processing at the base station. In particular, analysis results show an increase in system capacity that is proportional to the number of antennas. They also show an additional performance improvement due to space diversity gain provided by the array for nonzero angle spreads.
Bioaccumulation of arsenic and its fate in a freshwater food chain (1992)

Abstract Accumulation, biomethylation and excretion of arsenic by an autotrophic freshwater alga, and the transport and transformation of the arsenic in the freshwater food chain [alga (autotroph)‐moina (planktonic grazer) or shrimp (herbivore)‐guppy (carnivore)] were investigated. These experimental results lead to the conclusion that total arsenic concentrations in organisms after accumulation from foods decreased one order of magnitude per elevation of the trophic level and biomethylation of the arsenic increased successively with an elevation in the trophic level. Predominant methylated arsenic species in moina and guppy were dimethyl‐ and trimethyl‐arsenic compounds, respectively. Shrimp accumulated dimethyl‐ and trimethyl‐arsenic compounds in nearly equivalent quantities. No or little monomethylarsenic compound was detected either in herbivores or carnivores.
Cochlear pathology, sensory cell death and regeneration (2002)

Loss of cochlear hair cells leads to permanent hearing loss. Hair cells may degenerate due to hereditary or environmental causes, or a combination of the two. Cochlear supporting cells actively participate in the process of hair cell elimination and scar formation by rapidly expanding and sealing the reticular lamina, the barrier between endolymph and perilymph. This scarring process helps preserve the remaining hair cells and hearing. Anti-apoptotic agents, anti-oxidants and several growth factors have been shown to protect hair cells and hearing against environmental insults. Characterization of the genes that regulate the development of the inner ear and its response to trauma has been helpful in designing strategies for enhancing protection of the inner ear and for inducing hair cell regeneration. This chapter discusses the potential for some of these approaches.
Programmable CSF Shunt Valves: Radiographic Identification and Interpretation (2010)

The programmable CSF shunt valve has become an important tool in hydrocephalus treatment, particularly in the NPH population and in pediatric patients with complex hydrocephalus. The purpose of this study is to provide a single reference for the identification of programmable shunt valves and the interpretation of programmable shunt valve settings. Four major manufacturers of programmable shunts agreed to participate in this study. Each provided radiographic images and legends for their appropriate interpretation. Issues of MR imaging compatibility for each valve are also discussed.