gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C Virus Evasion from RIG-I-Dependent Hepatic Innate Immunity (2010)

Exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV) usually results in persistent infection that often develops into chronic liver disease. Interferon-alpha (IFN) treatment comprises the foundation of current approved therapy for chronic HCV infection but is limited in overall efficacy. IFN is a major effector of innate antiviral immunity and is naturally produced in response to viral infection when viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are recognized as nonself and are bound by cellular pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). Within hepatocytes, RIG-I is a major PRR of HCV infection wherein PAMP interactions serve to trigger intracellular signaling cascades in the infected hepatocyte to drive IFN production and the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). ISGs function to limit virus replication, modulate the immune system, and to suppress virus spread. However, studies of HCV-host interactions have revealed several mechanisms of innate immune regulation and evasion that feature virus control of PRR signaling and regulation of hepatic innate immune programs that may provide a molecular basis for viral persistence.
Synthesis and Properties of Three Series Amino Acid Surfactants (2012)

Abstract Three series of surfactants with different amino acid moieties (glycine, glutamic acid and lysine) were synthesized with octanoic acid, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and glycine, glutamic acid, lysine respectively. The reaction conditions and their properties including surface activity, emulsibility and foamability were studied. For the surfactants with glycine moiety and glutamic acid moiety respectively, cmc (critical micelle concentration) and γ cmc (surface tension at cmc) decreased and surface activity enhanced as the length of carbon chain increased. The surfactants with glycine moiety exhibited the best emulsibility and foamability in the three series. The surfactants with glutamic acid moiety showed disappointing emulsibility, but their foamability was good. The surfactants with lysine moiety did not display favorable emulsibility and foamability due to the length of their double-chain.
In situ generation of imines by the Staudinger/aza-Wittig tandem reaction combined with thermally induced Wolff rearrangement for one-pot three-component β-lactam synthesis (2022)

A new efficient protocol for diastereoselective three-component one-pot lactam synthesis involving the <i>in situ</i> generation of imines <i>via</i> the Staudinger/aza-Wittig tandem reaction combined with the Wolff-rearrangement and ketene-imine cycloaddition was developed to produce a series of 24 novel structurally diverse β-lactam- or 1,3-oxazine-products. It was shown that this synthesis can be performed both as a two step-procedure and true MCR with simultaneous loading of all reactants. The intramolecular version of the 1<sup>st</sup> step provided facile access to seven-membered cyclic imines, which allowed further preparation of a series of rare tricyclic β-lactams. For the intermolecular version of the 1<sup>st</sup> step (acyclic imine generation), it was shown that the outcome of the synthesis is different from that using pre-synthesized and isolated imines. Additionally, this is the first example of the implementation of the Staudinger/aza-Wittig tandem reaction for the preparation of four-membered heterocycles.
Die Kostenfestsetzung und die Kostenausgleichung (2000)

Wann ist eine Kostenfestsetzung nach § 19 BRAGO, wann eine Gebührenklage bzw. ein Gebührenmahnbescheid der richtige Weg, die Kosten des Rechtsanwalts tituliert zu bekommen? Auch kann es ja mal vorkommen, dass nicht der Gegner, sondern der eigene Mandant die Rechtsanwaltsgebühren nicht bezahlen will.
Integration of genetics and miRNA–target gene network identified disease biology implicated in tissue specificity (2018)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) modulate the post-transcriptional regulation of target genes and are related to biology of complex human traits, but genetic landscape of miRNAs remains largely unknown. Given the strikingly tissue-specific miRNA expression profiles, we here expand a previous method to quantitatively evaluate enrichment of genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals on miRNA-target gene networks (MIGWAS) to further estimate tissue-specific enrichment. Our approach integrates tissue-specific expression profiles of miRNAs (∼1800 miRNAs in 179 cells) with GWAS to test whether polygenic signals enrich in miRNA-target gene networks and whether they fall within specific tissues. We applied MIGWAS to 49 GWASs (nTotal = 3 520 246), and successfully identified biologically relevant tissues. Further, MIGWAS could point miRNAs as candidate biomarkers of the trait. As an illustrative example, we performed differentially expressed miRNA analysis between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy controls (n = 63). We identified novel biomarker miRNAs (e.g. hsa-miR-762) by integrating differentially expressed miRNAs with MIGWAS results for RA, as well as novel associated loci with significant genetic risk (rs56656810 at MIR762 at 16q11; n = 91 482, P = 3.6 × 10-8). Our result highlighted that miRNA-target gene network contributes to human disease genetics in a cell type-specific manner, which could yield an efficient screening of miRNAs as promising biomarkers.
Health Monitoring of the Steel Cables Using the Elasto-Magnetic Method (2002)

The EM method is a valuable tool for Civil Engineering for estimation of the real stress in the prestressing tendons, quality control during construction period, calculating the stress loss due to friction and relaxation, long-time monitoring of stress changes due to concrete creep, temperature changes, traffic load etc. Overview of EM technique with practical applications in the Civil Engineering is presented. The new generation of EM measuring devices is based on more than 15 years experience, including health monitoring systems for the nuclear power plant and a large span cable stayed and suspension bridges. Examples of laboratory and field tests are presented, including uncertainty of stress measurement, long-time stability, resolution and reliability.
Supplementary Figure 7B from Treatment Efficacy and Resistance Mechanisms Using the Second-Generation ALK Inhibitor AP26113 in Human NPM-ALK–Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 7B. Histograms with error bars summarize the densitometric analysis of western blot panels shown in figure 3&lt;/p&gt;
Periocular Topotecan for Intraocular Retinoblastoma (2011)

Periocular topotecan in fibrin sealant can achieve volume reduction of small and recurrent retinoblastoma sufficient to allow successful focal therapy.
Osanetant Sanofi-Synthélabo. (2001)

Osanetant is a neurokinin (NK3) receptor antagonist under development by Sanofi-Synthélabo (formerly Sanofi) as a potential treatment for schizophrenia [328910]. Sanofi was originally investigating its potential use as a treatment for psychosis and anxiety [169511]. Following phase IIa clinical trials [307656], [328910], [359231], osanetant entered phase IIb development in February 2001 [409432]. Osanetant was the first potent and selective non-peptide antagonist described for the NK3 tachykinin receptor [176305]. It has a higher affinity for human and guinea pig NK3 receptors than for rat NK3 receptors [176305]. In October 1999, Lehman Brothers predicted that the probability of the product reaching the market was 10%, with a possible launch in 2003 and potential peak sales of US $200 million in 2011 [346267].
Fuzzy logic control of a switched reluctance motor (2002)

This paper presents the use of fuzzy logic control (FLC) for switched reluctance motor (SRM) speed. The PLC performs a PI-like control strategy, giving the current reference variation based on speed error and its change. The performance of the drive system was evaluated through digital simulations through the toolbox Simulink of the Matlab program.
Endothelin-1 synthesis, receptors, and signal transduction in alveolar epithelium: evidence for an autocrine role (1995)

In the lung, endothelin-1 (ET-1) is synthesized by several cell types and acts locally to cause vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction, activate alveolar macrophages, and stimulate chloride secretion. We report ET-1 production, binding, and signal transduction by a previously unrecognized site, the alveolar epithelial cell. L2 cells, a cloned rat alveolar epithelial cell line, secreted ET-1 and contained ET-1 mRNA. Exposure of L2 cells to lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, or transforming growth factor-beta stimulated ET-1 release, whereas interferon-gamma or platelet-derived growth factor decreased ET-1 secretion. 125I-ET-1 binding to L2 cells revealed a single binding site with a maximal binding capacity of 22.4 fmol/mg protein and a dissociation constant of 4.03 nM. 125I-ET-1 binding was completely inhibited by ET receptor A (ETA) blockade and by unlabeled ET-1 >> ET-3 = sarafotoxin 6c, consistent with the presence of ETA. Exogenous ET-1 increased, whereas blockade of endogenous ET-1 decreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by L2 cells; exogenous ET-1 also increased adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production. We conclude that 1) cloned rat alveolar epithelial cells synthesize ET-1; 2) inflammatory mediators modulate ET-1 production; 3) L2 cells express ETA; 4) ET-1 increases PGE2 and cAMP levels in these cells; and 5) BQ-123, an ETA antagonist, decreases their basal PGE2 production. These studies suggest that ET-1 may function as an autocrine factor in alveolar epithelial cells.
The Clarion® Multi-Strategy™ Cochlear Implant (1999)

The Clarion cochlear implant is the result of many years of research and development, first at the University of California, San Francisco and the Research Triangle Institute of North Carolina, and then at Advanced Bionics Corporation in Sylmar, California. Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration after carefully monitored investigational clinical trials in both the adult and pediatric populations, it has now been implanted in approximately 3,000 patients worldwide. A fully flexible, programmable system, the Clarion offers multiple strategies and options in speech processing. The coupling mode, the stimulating waveform, and the temporal pattern of stimulation can be selected to allow each patient an opportunity to be fitted with the strategy that offers the highest level of performance. This paper describes the current status of the Clarion system. However, Clarion development has been a dynamic process, and from its initial introduction in 1991, the system has been modified and continually improved. The process of improvement and advancement is ongoing. New speech processing strategies and hardware developments are briefly summarized at the conclusion of this paper.
Adaptive Advisory Systems for Oil and Gas Operations (2012)

This chapter describes a framework that captures knowledge in an organization and applies it in daily operations. Knowledge capturing is one of the biggest upcoming challenges to oil and gas organizations as operations become more remote, more challenging, and many experts are leaving the oil and gas industry. A methodology is described to capture the knowledge of experts centrally and apply it throughout all operations in the organization. Due to the fact that an asset team is facing different constraints and challenges throughout the lifetime of a field, the system needs to gather experience from decisions and learn together with the asset team. Technologies that are flexible enough to process uncertainties are discussed as well as the effect on people, processes, and organization.
Outcome-associated factors in pediatric patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenator after cardiac surgery. (1996)

This review suggests that the diagnosis of single ventricle, initiation of ECMO in the operating room or > 50 hours after surgery, and ECMO for > 208 hours are associated with patient nonsurvival. Noncardiac complications more frequently led to discontinuation of ECMO than did failure of the return of cardiac function.
CHARLES II. AND DR. JAMES FRASER'S DAUGHTER (1963)

Journal Article CHARLES II. AND DR. JAMES FRASER'S DAUGHTER Get access P. J. ANDERSON P. J. ANDERSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 10, Issue 5, 9 May 1963, Pages 189-a–189, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/10-5-189a Published: 09 May 1963
Role of Population Receptive Field Size in Complex Visual Dysfunctions (2019)

High-order visuocognitive functions may depend on abnormalities in basic cortical characteristics. These results may fundamentally change approaches to rehabilitation in such conditions, emphasizing the potential of low-level visual interventions.
Lung parenchymal and airway changes on CT imaging following allergen challenge and bronchoalveolar lavage in atopic and asthmatic subjects (2020)

Acute allergic response in the lungs can result in significant bronchial wall thickening, septal thickening, and consolidations in those with atopy, particularly those with asthma. Localized ground-glass opacities may be expected following BAL, and care should be taken so as to not misinterpret these as significant pathology.
Calculating the Absolute Free Energy of Association of Netropsin and DNA (1999)

Calculations of the absolute free energy of association of netropsin to the Dickerson dodecamer [d(CGCGAATTGCGC)]2 have been carried out, using the double annihilation method and electrostatic decoupling and an all-atom model of DNA and netropsin in a periodic box of water. The calculated free energy of association is −10.3 kcal/mol, in good agreement with the low salt value of −11.5 kcal/mol for a related sequence [d(GCGAATTCGC)]21a and −10.2 kcal/mol for [d(CGCAAATTGGC)2].1b Separate calculation of the electrostatic and van der Waals free energies leads to the conclusion that the predominant contribution to association is the van der Waals energy, despite the +2 charge of netropsin and the polyanionic nature of the DNA. This is because the electrostatic free energy is almost identical for removing the charges of netropsin in water and when bound to DNA. Our calculations show that 14 molecules diffuse into the GAATTC binding site of netropsin, consistent with our determination of the number of water molecules that are present at that site in the crystal structure of [d(CGCAAATTGGC)2].2a,b
Vitamin D decreases STAT phosphorylation and inflammatory cytokine output in T-LGL leukemia (2016)

Large granular lymphocyte leukemia (LGLL) is a rare incurable chronic disease typically characterized by clonal expansion of CD3+ cytotoxic T-cells. Two signal transducer and activator of transcription factors, STAT1 and STAT3, are constitutively active in T-LGLL. Disruption of this activation induces apoptosis in T-LGLL cells. Therefore, considerable efforts are focused on developing treatments that inhibit STAT activation. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, has been shown to decrease STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation in cancer cell lines and autoimmune disease mouse models. Thus, we investigated whether calcitriol could be a valid therapeutic for T-LGLL. Calcitriol treatment of the TL-1 cell line (model of T-LGLL) led to decreased phospho-Y701 STAT1 and phospho-Y705 STAT3 and increased vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels. Doses of 10 and 100 nM calcitriol also significantly decreased the inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ in the TL-1 cell line. The overall cell viability did not change when the TL-1 cell line was treated with 0.1 to 1000 nM calcitriol. Studies with primary T-LGLL patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed that the majority of T-LGLL patients have detectable VDR and activated STATs in contrast to normal donor controls. Treatment of primary T-LGLL patient cells with calcitriol recapitulated findings from the TL-1 cell line. Overall, our results suggest that calcitriol may reprogram T-cells to decrease essential STAT activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine output. These data support further investigation into calcitriol as an experimental therapeutic for T-LGLL.
Fifty Years of Electron Diffraction (1982)

Electron diffraction was born in 1927; the present volume was conceived 50 years later, at an Institute of Physics conference marking the golden jubilee. It consists of historical and personal accounts of those 50 years.
Bile Acid and Cholesterol Metabolism in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Therapy (2020)

Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is a major factor contributing to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD), which is the number one cause of death in western countries. The liver plays a central role in maintaining whole body cholesterol homeostasis via catabolism of cholesterol to bile acids, as well as biliary cholesterol excretion. The liver synthesizes lipoproteins that transport dietary cholesterol and fats to muscle and adipose tissue, directs reverse cholesterol transport of excess cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues and macrophages to the liver to convert to bile acids, and thus, protects against metabolism-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and ACVD. Liver fibrosis/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis increases the risk and prevalence of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Bile acids are signaling molecules and metabolic regulators that activate farnesoid X receptor and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor-1 to regulate lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism. The bidirectional regulation of bile acids and the gut microbiota determine the rate of bile acid synthesis, the bile acid pool size, and the composition of the circulating bile acid pool. The liver-intestine-heart axis regulates lipid metabolism, inflammation, and the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as ACVD, NAFLD, diabetes, and obesity. This review focuses on the roles of liver-to-intestine, liver-to-heart and intestine-to-heart axes in cholesterol, lipoprotein, and bile acid metabolism; signaling in heart health and ACVD; and drug therapies for atherosclerosis.
Future application of e-beam repair tool beyond 3X generation (2010)

Currently, repair technology is one of the key factors in mask making process regarding TAT reduction and yield level enhancement. Since its commercial release EB repair tool has been commonly used for production line and contributed to high quality repair. But it is not guaranteed whether those conventional machines can keep up with future pattern reduction trend or not. In 2Xnm generation node some advanced exposure techniques seem to be adopted and that will inevitably require higher specification of repair machine. A simple lithography simulation predicts 5nm of indispensable repair accuracy for 2Xnm generation pattern. This number implies the necessity of upper class machine. Generally, the error budget of EB repair tool is composed of three to four components, stated another way mechanical stability, electrical (charging) uniformity, process stability, and graphical quality including software ability. If errors from those components are reduced, overall repair accuracy could be better. A suggestion which can improve those errors was issued last year from tool vender including new machine concept. We have conducted several kind of experiment in order to confirm the performance of new machine. In this paper, we will report the result of experiment and consider which part can effectively contribute to repair accuracy. And we have also evaluated its practical utility value for 2Xnm node by verifying actual application of some 3Xnm production masks.
Combinatorial Chemistry and Technology. Principles, Methods, and Applications Edited by Stanislav Miertus and Giorgio Fassina. Marcel Dekker, New York. 1999. xii + 435 pp. 16 x 23.5 cm. ISBN 0-8247-1960-3. $165.00. (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewCombinatorial Chemistry and Technology. Principles, Methods, and Applications Edited by Stanislav Miertus and Giorgio Fassina. Marcel Dekker, New York. 1999. xii + 435 pp. 16 x 23.5 cm. ISBN 0-8247-1960-3. $165.00.Robert G. GentlesView Author Information Senior Group Leader Combinatorial Chemistry Department Abbott Laboratories Abbott Park, Illinois 60044-3500Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 10, 2082Publication Date (Web):April 29, 2000Publication History Published online29 April 2000Published inissue 1 May 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/jm0001267Copyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (10 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Combinatorial chemistry,Drug discovery,Screening assays,Solid phase synthesis Get e-Alerts
CALIBRATION AND TESTING OF A TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER (2000)

Terrestrial laser imaging systems offer a new means for rapid precise mapping of objects up to ranges of up to a few hundred metres from the instrument location. The high sampling frequency (e.g., several kilohertz) available from such instrumentation can provide a spatial data density of directly observed co-ordinates far in excess of that available with photogrammetric techniques. For structural monitoring applications, this permits measurement of entire surfaces rather than a few discrete points, thus providing a wealth of information about the deformation modes of a body. This paper conveys the findings of a preliminary study of the resolution and accuracy of a commercially available laser-scanning system. Testing was conducted on a first order EDM calibration baseline and on a three-dimensional deformationmonitoring network. Single point range accuracies of ±3-5 cm (1σ) were achieved. Evidence of uncompensated systematic errors, probably due to instrumental set-up errors and target centre reduction, was detected.
Synapse: New Data Integration Abstractions for Agile Web Application Development (2015)

The growing demand for data-driven features in today’s Web applications—such as targeting, recommendations, or predictions—has transformed those applications into complex conglomerates of services operating on each others’ data without a coherent, manageable architecture. We present Synapse, an easy-to-use, strong-semantic system for largescale, data-driven Web service integration. Synapse lets independent services cleanly share data with each other in an isolated and scalable way. The services run on top of their own databases, whose layouts and engines can be completely different, and incorporate read-only views of each others’ shared data. Synapse synchronizes these views in real-time using a new scalable, consistent replication mechanism that leverages the high-level data models in popular MVC-based Web applications to replicate data across heterogeneous databases. We have developed Synapse on top of the popular Web framework Ruby-on-Rails. It supports data replication among a wide variety of SQL and NoSQL databases, including MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Cassandra, Neo4j, and Elasticsearch. We and others have built over a dozen microservices using Synapse with great ease, some of which are running in production with over 450,000 users.