gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SiO Vapor Pressure in an SiO2 Glass/Si Melt/SiO Gas Equilibrium System (1999)

SiO vapor pressure concerning Czochralski (CZ) Si crystal growth has been measured successfully by an SiO 2 glass/Si melt/SiO gas equilibrium system. A Si sample was sealed in a silica ampoule after being evacuated, and the ampoule was heated to a certain temperature ranging from 1450°C to 1540°C in an Ar atmosphere. SiO vapor pressure was determined from the balance of pressure between inside and outside the ampoule. The result shows that SiO vapor pressure increases with increasing temperature. It is also found that the SiO vapor pressure shifts slightly from that calculated from thermodynamic data, especially at higher temperatures.
Arthroscopic Femoral Tensioning and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Chronic Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury (2006)

For the new arthroscopic femoral tensioning and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction in chronic PCL injury, we make a transtibial tunnel, using the posterior trans-septal portal, while preserving the remnant bundle of the original PCL and meniscofemoral ligament. Also, to preserve the remnant femoral fibers of the PCL and provide femoral tensioning, we manipulate the suture hook with No.1 PDS by hand so that the sharp tip penetrates the remnants of the PCL near the femoral attachment site. After pulling the sutures previously placed at the remnant PCL fibers, the notchplasty osteotome is advanced to the femoral footprint of the PCL to a depth of 1 to 2 mm from the shallow to the deep direction. Then the remnant PCL fibers are detached from the medial femoral condyle, which the authors call the artificial femoral "peel-off" tear. We drill the femoral tunnel using the outside-in technique in the anatomic place of PCL footprint, which is located 1 to 2 mm from the edge of the articular cartilage. This procedure significantly contributes to the posterior stability and proprioception of the knee joint, the remnant femoral fibers and meniscofemoral fibers are preserved to be healed with a graft and subsequently form an integrated structure.
In vitro inhibitory effects of herbal supplements on tamoxifen and irinotecan metabolism (2014)

Abstract Background: As the use of herbal supplements continues to rise throughout the world, the potential for drug-herbal interactions also increases. For chemotherapeutic prodrugs, this interaction could prevent the metabolic conversion of the prodrug to its active metabolite(s), thereby potentially resulting in subtherapeutic systemic exposure of the drug and reduced efficacy of the therapy. Methods: In this study, in vitro metabolism with human liver microsomes is used to measure the impact of ten commonly used herbal supplements on the biotransformation of the chemotherapeutic prodrugs tamoxifen (TAM) and irinotecan (IR). Results: Four of the herbals tested, echinacea, ginseng, lemon balm, and skullcap, were found to be strong inhibitors of the CYP450 enzymatic bioactivation pathways of TAM with IC50 values as percent of a single dose ranging from 0.019% to 0.34%. Two of the herbals, skullcap and lemon balm, were found to inhibit the carboxyesterase pathway of IR with values of 0.21 and 0.25, respectively. Conclusions: Our data suggests that based on the measured IC50 values that skullcap and lemon balm could have potential negative clinical impact on the bioactivation of TAM but not likely with IR.
<title>Holocomposer: progress toward a high-security holographic identification card</title> (1998)

This paper discusses progress toward development of a high- speed holographic printer, the Holocomposer, suitable for producing identification cards containing miniature holographic portraits. It is believed that a holographic portrait of the bearer of a card cannot be altered or counterfeited at a cost low enough to justify the counterfeiter's risk of discovery.
Neural fate decisions mediated by trans-activation and cis-inhibition in Notch signaling (2011)

In this article, we present a computational model for neural fate decisions based on intertwined dynamics with trans-activation and cis-inhibition involving the Hes1, Notch and Dll1 proteins. In agreement with experimental observations, the model predicts that both trans-activation and cis-inhibition play critical roles in regulating the choice between remaining as a progenitor and embarking on neural differentiation. In particular, trans-activation is essential for generation of oscillations in neural progenitors, and cis-inhibition is important for the asynchrony between adjacent cells, indicating that the asynchronous oscillations in neural progenitors depend on cooperation between trans-activation and cis-inhibition. In contrast, cis-inhibition plays more critical roles in embarking on neural differentiation by inactivating intercellular Notch signaling. The model presented here might be a good candidate for providing the first qualitative mechanism of neural fate decisions mediated by both trans-activation and cis-inhibition.
Contact Lenses (2006)

Abstract Contact lenses are prescription medical devices applied to the anterior surface of the cornea for the temporary correction of refractive error. Contact lenses can be used successfully to correct a number of refractive error conditions, such as myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and aphakia. Currently, there are an estimated 38 million contact lens wearers in the United States and 125 million contact lens wearers worldwide, making contact lenses one of the most commonly prescribed medical devices available. The ability to wear contact lenses successfully is dependent on numerous factors, including but not limited to the contact lens design and materials, corneal health and physiology, the lens to epithelium interface, proper use of lens care solutions, patient compliance, professional fitting and follow‐up care. Unacceptable contact lens fits can lead to deleterious results ranging from poor lens comfort to microbial keratitis and permanent loss of visual acuity.
An assessment of Walk-over-Weighing to estimate short-term individual forage intake in sheep (2017)

The main limitation for determining feed efficiency of freely grazing ruminants is measurement of daily individual feed intake. This paper describes an investigation that assessed a method for estimating intake of forage based on changes in BW of ewes. A total of 24 dry and non-pregnant Romane ewes (12 hoggets, HOG; mean±SD 51.8±2.8 kg BW; body condition score (BCS) 2.6±0.2; and 12 adults, ADU; 60.4±8.5 kg BW; BCS 2.7±0.8) were selected for the study and moved from their rangeland system to a confined pen with controlled conditions and equipped with individual automatic feeders. The experiment lasted for 28 days (21 days adaptation and 7 days feed intake measurement). Ewes were fed hay and trained to use the electronic feeders (one feeding station per ewe) in which actual daily intake (H intake24) was measured. The pens were designed to maximize movement of trained ewes through an automated Walk-over-Weighing device, by using water and mineral salts as attractants. Total individual intake of hay measured in the automatic feeder at each meal (H intake) was compared with indirect estimates of feed intake determined using differences in the BW of the ewes (∆BW) before and 1 h following morning and afternoon feeding at fixed times. The BW, BCS, H intake, H intake24, as well as plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose and insulin profiles were determined. The BW was higher in ADU v. HOG but BCS was not affected by parity. The H intake24 was affected by day of experiment as a consequence of reduced availability and intake of water on one day. Plasma glucose, NEFA and insulin were not affected by parity or day of experiment. The H Intake was and ∆BW tended to be higher in the morning in HOG, whereas H intake was and ∆BW tended to be higher in ADU at the afternoon meal. Irrespective of parity or feeding time, there was very strong correlation (r 2=0.93) between H intake and ∆BW. This relationship confirms that our indirect method of estimating individual forage intake was reliable within the strictly controlled conditions of the present experiment. The method appears suitable for use in short-term intensive group feeding situations, and has potential to be further developed for longer-term forage intake studies, with a view to developing a method for freely grazing ruminants.
Failure detectors as first class objects (1999)

One of the fundamental differences between a centralized system and a distributed one is the notion of partial failures. The ability to efficiently and accurately detect failures is a key element underlying reliable distributed computing. In current distributed systems, however, failure detection is either left to the application developer or hidden from the programmer and provided in an ad-hoc manner behind the scenes. We plead for an intermediate approach where failure detectors are first-class objects. We view failure detection as an abstraction, the complexity of which is encapsulated behind well-defined interfaces. The various roles of a failure detection service are all represented as first-class objects. Following our approach, one can reuse existing failure detection protocols as they are, or, through composition or refinement, one can define new protocols that match the application requirements. We describe an interesting result of a composition that mixes push and pull failure monitoring, and we show how scalability issues may be addressed by using a hierarchical failure detection configuration. We also discuss the implementation of our failure service both in CORBA and in Java.
Dynamic Release of Diacetyl from Liquid Gelatin in the Headspace (1998)

The effect of gelatin concentration and stirring rate on the dynamic release of diacetyl was investigated, using headspace analysis for the duration of the experiment. Both liquid and headspace were stirred in a sealed system. An increase in gelatin concentration was shown to affect the initial release rate, as defined by the amount of diacetyl released over the first few minutes of the experiment. It also affected the equilibrium partitioning of the diacetyl between the aqueous concentration of the gelatin solution and the headspace, which indicates binding between diacetyl and gelatin. An increase in stirring rate of the solutions of the same composition showed an increase in the release rate of diacetyl, while an increase in viscosity showed a decrease in the release rate. Mathematical models previously developed to describe flavor release from aqueous solutions containing flavor-binding polymers (Harrison, M.; Hills, B. P. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997, 45, 1883−1890) were used to interpret the data. Analysis of the time-dependent release data confirmed that transfer of diacetyl flavor molecules across the liquid−gas interface is rate limiting and is adequately described by the penetration theory of mass transfer. Keywords: Flavor release; gelatin; diacetyl; modeling
ChemInform Abstract: Raman Matrix Isolation Spectroscopy. Part 5. Vibrational Spectra and Gas‐Phase Structure of Pentafluorosulfanyl Hypochlorite. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diterpenes from the Leaf Exudate of Psiadia punctulata. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New Members of the Hydrotalcite-Manasseite Group (1987)

Abstract Several new minerals, structurally and chemically similar to the hydrotalcite-manasseite group, have been found in the saline deposits of the central pre-Caspian depression and in those of Middle Asia. Their structures consist of layers of (Mg 1-x Al x )(OH) 2 plus interlayers of anions and molecular water. In addition to manasseite itself, [(Mg4Al 2 )(OH) 12 ][(CO 3 )-3H 2 O], having unit-cell parameters of a = 3.042, c = 2 × 7.56= 15.12 Å and a calculated density of D c = 2.15 g/cm 3 , other varieties were identified whose interlayers contain alternately SO 4 2− or SO 4 2− and CO 3 2− anions. The following new phases were recognized: (1) an 8.85-Å phase having the composition [(Mg 4 Al 2 )(OH) 12 ][(SO 4 )·3H 2 O], subcell dimensions of a ' = 3.04, c ' = 8.85 Å, and D c = 1.96 g/cm 3 ; (2) an 11-Å phase having the composition [(Mg 3.96 Fe 0.06 Al 1.98 )(OH) 12 ][Na 0.56 (SO 4 ) 1.30 ·7.3H 2 O], hexagonal unit-cell parameters of a = √3 · 3.042 = 5.28 Å, c = 11.16 Å, and D c = 1.90 g/cm 3 ; (3) a 16.5-Å mixed-layer phase having the composition [(Mg 4 Al 2 )(OH) 12 ][(SO 4 ) 0.5 (CO 3 ) 0.5 ·3H 2 O] and an ordered ABAB... alternation of 7.56-Å layers (i.e., a brucite-like layer + a CO 3 2− -containing interlayer) and 8.94-Å layers containing SO 4 2− anions in interlayers; this phase has unit-cell dimensions of a ' = 3.05, c ' = 16.5 Å and D c = 2.06 g/cm 3 ; and (4) an 18.5-Å ordered mixed-layer phase having the ideal composition [(Mg 8 Al 4 )(OH) 24 ][M + 0.5 (SO 4 ) 1.25 (CO 3 ) 1.0 ·9H 2 O] and an alternation of 7.56-Å, CO 3 -containing layers and 11-Å layers having SO 4 2− anions and Na and Mg cations in interlayers (M + 0.5 corresponds to interlayer cations). This last phase has unit-cell dimensions of a = 3.046, c = 3 × 18.54 = 55.62 Å and D c = 1.99 g/cm 3 . Some of the varieties containing SO 4 2− in the interlayers swelled with ethylene glycol or glycerol. For this diverse family of minerals whose structures are based on brucite-like layers of the composition (R 2+ 1-x R 3+ x )(OH) 2 , a unifying system of nomenclature is offered for consideration. In describing these brucite-like structures intercalated with anion- and cation-containing interlayers, the composition of the hydroxide sheet and the interlayers, the periodicity of the layers, and the mixed-layer nature of the material should be described. By means of symbols, a single term might be used to describe the crystal chemistry of any member of the group having a given cation composition for the brucite-like layers, for example, manasseite, a 2 H polytype of hydrotalcite that has a repeat distance of 7.56 Å and CO 3 -containing interlayers, might be designated as 7.56-Å CO 3 -hydrotalcite-2 H .
Renal Dopamine System (2001)

All of the components of a complete dopamine system are present within the kidney, where dopamine acts as a paracrine substance in the control of sodium excretion. Dopamine receptors can be divided into D(1)-like (D(1) and D(5)) receptors that stimulate adenylyl cyclase and D(2)-like (D(2), D(3), and D(4)) receptors that inhibit adenylyl cyclase. All 5 receptor subtypes are expressed in the kidney, albeit in low copy. Dopamine is synthesized extraneuronally in proximal tubule cells, exported from these cells largely into the tubule lumen, and interacts with D(1)-like receptors to inhibit the Na(+)-H(+) exchanger and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, decreasing tubule sodium reabsorption. During moderate sodium surfeit, dopamine tone at D(1)-like receptors accounts for approximately 50% of sodium excretion. In experimental and human hypertension, 2 renal dopaminergic defects have been described: (1) decreased renal generation of dopamine and (2) a D(1) receptor-G protein coupling defect. Both defects lead to renal sodium retention, and each may play an important role in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension.
Graph Neural Network based Hardware Trojan Detection at Intermediate Representative for SoC Platforms (2022)

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) industry has increased the demand for intellectual property (IP) cores. Increasing numbers of third-party vendors have raised security concerns for System-on-Chip (SoC) designers. With the growing complexity of SoC design, the workload is overwhelming for SoC designers to diagnose security vulnerabilities manually. Almost all existing SoC platforms are developed using SystemVerilog. However, there is a lack of reliable security static analysis tools for directly processing the SystemVerilog program. Due to its open-source, flexibility and extendability, RISC-V CPU has become an ideal platform for the IoT applications such as wearable devices, entertainment, smart thermostats, etc. As a result, assuring the trustworthiness of a given RISC-V system is highly desired. This paper proposes a graph neural network-based Trojan detection framework to protect the RISC-V SoC platform written in SystemVerilog from intruding malicious logic. The study is under-construction and planned to be validated on the Ariane RISC-V CPU with several peripheral IPs in the experimental section.
Characterization of piezoelectric materials for simultaneous strain and temperature sensing for ultra-low frequency applications (2015)

Piezoelectric materials are used extensively in a number of sensing applications ranging from aerospace industries to medical diagnostics. Piezoelectric materials generate charge when they are subjected to strain. However, since measuring charge is difficult at low frequencies, traditional piezoelectric sensors are limited to dynamic applications. In this research an alternative technique is proposed to determine static strain that relies upon the measurement of piezoelectric capacitance and resistance using piezoelectric sensors. To demonstrate the validity of this approach, the capacitance and resistance of a piezoelectric patch sensor was characterized for a wide range of strain and temperature. The study shows that the piezoelectric capacitance is sensitive to both strain and temperature while the resistance is mostly dependent on the temperature variation. The findings can be implemented to obtain thermally compensated static strain from piezoelectric sensors, which does not require an additional temperature sensor.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Di- and Tri-Arylated All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters via Copper-Catalyzed Allylic Arylations with Organolithium Compounds (2016)

The highly enantioselective copper(I)/N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed synthesis of di- and triarylated all-carbon quaternary stereocenters via asymmetric allylic arylation (AAAr) with aryl organolithium compounds is demonstrated. The use of readily available or easily accessible aryl organolithium reagents in combination with trisubstituted allyl bromides, in the presence of a copper/NHC catalyst, affords important di- and triarylated all-carbon quaternary stereocenters in good yields and enantioselectivities. This method tolerates a wide range of alkyl and substituted aryl groups in the starting allyl bromides, including less common biaryl moieties, which, in combination with diverse organolithium reagents, delivers a broad scope of products in an operationally straightforward and efficient manner.
Stochastic Cooling of a Trapped Ion by Null Detection of Its Fluorescence (1995)

When a single trapped ion is laser excited to a metastable state, its ``quantum jump'' inhibits the laser-excited light scattering on a resonance line. This event, and its inverse, modifies the distribution over the oscillator levels $(n)$ of the ion's vibration in the trap. In particular, unsuccessful attempts to deexcite on vibrational sidebands decrease $〈n〉$ to sub-Doppler values and may leave the ion in a ``trapped'' Fock state decoupled from the light.
Volatile Anesthetics Affect Nutrient Availability in Yeast (2002)

Volatile anesthetics affect all cells and tissues tested, but their mechanisms and sites of action remain unknown. To gain insight into the cellular activities of anesthetics, we have isolated genes that, when overexpressed, render Saccharomyces cerevisiae resistant to the volatile anesthetic isoflurane. One of these genes, WAK3/TAT1, encodes a permease that transports amino acids including leucine and tryptophan, for which our wild-type strain is auxotrophic. This suggests that availability of amino acids may play a key role in anesthetic response. Multiple lines of evidence support this proposal: (i) Deletion or overexpression of permeases that transport leucine and/or tryptophan alters anesthetic response; (ii) prototrophic strains are anesthetic resistant; (iii) altered concentrations of leucine and tryptophan in the medium affect anesthetic response; and (iv) uptake of leucine and tryptophan is inhibited during anesthetic exposure. Not all amino acids are critical for this response since we find that overexpression of the lysine permease does not affect anesthetic sensitivity. These findings are consistent with models in which anesthetics have a physiologically important effect on availability of specific amino acids by altering function of their permeases. In addition, we show that there is a relationship between nutrient availability and ubiquitin metabolism in this response.
Mössbauer spectral evidence for rhombohedral symmetry in R3Fe5O12garnets with R = Y, Eu and Dy (2001)

The iron-57 Mössbauer spectra of R3Fe5O12, where R is Y, Eu and Dy, have been measured between 4.2 and 550 K. The substantial quadrupole splittings observed in the paramagnetic spectra confirm that the local symmetry at both the tetrahedral and octahedral iron(III) sites is not cubic. The low temperature Mössbauer spectra of Dy3Fe5O12 clearly confirm the spin reorientation between 10 and 15 K and the 4.2 and 10 K spectra are consistent with the known orientation of the magnetization at 14 K in the cubic Iad unit cell. The Mössbauer spectra of R3Fe5O12, where R is Y, Eu and Dy, obtained between 45 and 295 K, reveal four different tetrahedral iron(III) Mössbauer spectral components, four components which are inconsistent with a magnetization oriented along the [111] axis of a cubic Iad unit cell. In contrast, these four components are consistent with a crystal symmetry which is reduced from cubic to rhombohedral R. The temperature dependence of the hyperfine fields in Dy3Fe5O12 indicates a small biquadratic exchange contribution to the magnetic exchange. The temperature dependence of the isomer shifts in Dy3Fe5O12 gives Mössbauer lattice temperatures of 405 and 505 K for the 16a and 24d sites, respectively, values which are in excellent agreement with the Debye temperature measured for Y3Fe5O12.
The Effects of issue Investigation and Action Training on Eighth-Grade Students' Environmental Behavior (1993)

Abstract This article reports the instructional effects of a formal environmental education methodology, issue investigation and action training (IIAT), on eighth-grade students and follows a similar study of seventh-grade students. The author focuses on whether IIAT can improve responsible environmental behavior in middle school students and whether variables associated with responsible adult environmental behavior will be concomitantly enhanced. The findings indicate that both effects are possible.
HINDERED DIFFUSION OF COAL LIQUIDS (1996)

It was the purpose of the project described here to carry out careful and detailed investigations of petroleum and coal asphaltene transport through model porous systems under a broad range of temperature conditions. The experimental studies were to be coupled with detailed, in-depth statistical and molecular dynamics models intended to provide a fundamental understanding of the overall transport mechanisms and a more accurate concept of the asphaltene structure. The following discussion describes some of our accomplishments.