gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Burn Depth Estimation Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence (1992)

Expedient primary excision of deep dermal and full-thickness burn wounds with subsequent skin grafting is the standard of care in most burn institutions, but differentiating full-thickness from partial-thickness burns is often difficult. Because accurate early assessment of burn depth may improve care, a variety of technical methods have attempted to measure burn depth but these methods have had limited success. We describe a new technique to determine burn depth that uses infrared (840- to 850-nm) fluorescence emission from intravenously administered indocyanine green following excitation with infrared (780 nm) and UV light (369 nm). Full-thickness and partial-thickness burns in hairless rat skin were distinguished based on the infrared-induced and UV-induced fluorescence intensity ratios relative to normal, unburned skin immediately after the burn and on post-burn days 1 through 3 and 7. Dual-wavelength excitation of indocyanine green infrared fluorescence can delineate full-thickness from partial-thickness burns at an early date, allowing prognosis, surgical planning, and early primary excision and grafting.
Service, services and products: rethinking operations strategy (2009)

Purpose This paper proposes a new approach to operations and supply strategy in the light of recent developments in the analysis of the respective roles of products and services in delivering benefits to customers. Design/methodology/approach Reviews and synthesises concepts from operations management (OM), marketing, economics and related areas. Examples of product and service combinations are considered, drawing attention to the ways in which services may be distinguished from products. An institutional basis for defining services is favoured over IHIP. A corollary of this is how services are made tradable: the modularity theory of the firm is used to do this. The paper then outlines, considers and compares various approaches to the combination of products and services: “service‐dominant logic”, support services, product‐service systems, systems integration, performance‐based logistics, bundling and, finally, the notion of “the offering”. Findings It is found that the notion of the business model is useful as an integrating concept. This focuses on four areas: network structure, how transactions are made, how revenue models and incentives interact and how capabilities are accessed. Implications for future research in OM are considered. Research limitations/implications Hitherto, operations strategy (OS) has concentrated on intra‐firm capabilities, which is only part of one of the four areas identified. Therefore, an extensive agenda for research into inter‐firm capabilities and the other three areas identified is presented. Originality/value This is among the first papers in OM to break completely with IHIP as a basis for service definition and to work through the implications for OS. It is also the first to develop systematically an understanding of how the emerging concept of the business model can inform OM.
Corneal Densitometry and In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy—Analysis of 130 Eyes of 65 Subjects (2022)

Our study confirms that increased corneal light scattering in the central 10 mm annular zone and increased keratocyte hyperreflectivity may give rise to suspicion of monoclonal gammopathy. As corneal light scattering is not increased at the limbal 10-12 mm annular zone in monoclonal gammopathy subjects, our spatial analysis provides evidence against the limbal origin of corneal paraprotein deposition. Using IVCM, stromal hyperreflective spikes may represent specific signs of monoclonal gammopathy.
The sixth sense is involved in noise-induced stress responses and vascular inflammation: evidence for heightened amygdalar activity in response to transport noise in man (2019)

Abstract
Ambient-Proportional Sensing Control Reduces Heat Tracing Costs (2001)

The majority of heat tracing applications deal with winterization for water and water-based processes. Whether for piping, tanks or instruments, control of freeze protection systems are often simple, but not energy efficient. The authors present an approach to this basic application which has yielded direct benefits to users through an alternative control method that typically uses a single-pole thermostat to switch a multipole contactor installed between the main circuit breaker and a distribution panel board that energizes multiple heating circuits. This provides control with minimal cost in design and installation.
Arthroscopic Release of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament for Stiff Total Knee Arthroplasty (1996)

Ten posterior cruciate ligament sparing total knee arthroplasties were studied in 9 patients who underwent arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament release to improve intractable postoperative knee stiffness and pain. Mean patient age was 64 years. Before posterior cruciate ligament release, the mean knee extension was 4 degrees (0 degrees - 10 degrees); mean knee flexion was 73.9 degrees (40 degrees - 110 degrees). The mean interval to posterior cruciate ligament release after primary total knee arthroplasty was 29 months. After release, mean extension was 1.3 degrees (0 degrees - 10 degrees) and mean flexion was 112 degrees (range, 85 degrees - 135 degrees). The average increase in flexion observed in the immediate postoperative period was 40.1 degrees (25 degrees - 60 degrees). At a mean followup of 20 months, mean extension was 1.5 degrees (0 degrees - 10 degrees), and mean flexion was 104.5 degrees (70 degrees - 125 degrees). At followup, the average increase in knee flexion was 30.5 degrees (10 degrees - 50 degrees). Before arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament release, the average Knee Society knee and function scores were 70.9 and 71, respectively. At followup, the average Knee Society knee and function scores were 86.4 and 88, respectively. The Knee Society pain score improved from 33.5 preoperatively to 42 postoperatively. All patients reported subjective improvements in pain and stiffness. Eight patients (88%) reported satisfaction with the procedure. Two patients (22%) eventually required revision total knee arthroplasty.
Immunodetection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA3-encoded protein in different host plants and tissues. (1996)

The protein p25 open reading frame (ORF) of beet necrotic yellow vein virus-BNYVV RNA3 was cloned into bacterial expression vector downstream of the 5-'terminus part of beta-galactosidase ORF and the expressed p25 fusion protein was used to produce an antiserum. The latter was employed to detect the subcellular location of p25 in mechanically inoculated Tetragonia expansa, Chenopodium quinoa and sugarbeet leaves by Western blot assay. The results showed that p25 was present as a soluble protein only in the S30 fraction of T. expansa, C. quinoa and sugarbeet leaves infected with BNYVV.
cREAtIve (2021)

cREAtIve targets the development of novel highly-adaptable embedded deep learning solutions for automotive and traffic monitoring applications, including position sensor processing, scene interpretation based on LiDAR, and object detection and classification in thermal images for traffic camera systems. These applications share the need for deep learning solutions tailored for deployment on embedded devices with limited resources and featuring high adaptability and robustness to changing environmental conditions. cREAtIve develops knowledge, tools and methods that enable hardware-efficient, adaptable, and robust deep learning.
Performance analysis of multiple-input multiple-output singular value decomposition transceivers during fading and other cell interference (2007)

A generalised method is derived to compute the error probabilities of singular value decomposition (SVD)-based receivers for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with uncoded transmission. The method can be used for a wide class of flat fading environments, including independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) and semi-correlated Rayleigh and i.i.d. Ricean channels. Although the method is applied to equal-power binary phase shift keying, it can easily be extended to higher-order M-ary phase shift keying (M-PSK) and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) signal constellations and adaptive ‘water-filling’ schemes. The error probability curves derived from closed-form formulas and simulations demonstrate very close agreement. The error performances of channel inversion, minimum mean square error and zero forcing receivers are compared with the SVD receiver for a single-user system. The impact of multiple users is considered by studying the performance of an adaptive MIMO SVD transmission scheme operating in a cellular environment. In particular, the effect of inter-cell interference on the performance of the scheme is quantified, modelling the interference as increased Gaussian noise. A number of cellular layouts are examined and the impact of the resulting singal-to-interference and noise ratio on the constellation sizes that can be supported, the BER and so on is considered. The primary metric used for our performance analysis is the error-free transmission rate, which is derived for our adaptive system. For the cellular scenarios considered, it can be found that the effect of interference is considerable and the performance of the adaptive MIMO SVD scheme is only marginally better than that provided by conventional diversity methods.
Invited Presentation: Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene: Chemistry, Electronic Structure and Physical Properties (2014)

We have demonstrated the covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes and graphene with a variety of chemistries including the use of nitrophenyl groups, Diels-Alder reactions and organometallic derivatization. The chemical formation of covalent carbon-carbon bonds involving the basal plane carbon atoms modifies the electronic properties of graphene; the transformation of the carbon centers from sp 2 to sp 3 introduces a barrier to electron flow by saturating the carbon atoms and opening a band gap which potentially allows the generation of insulating and semiconducting regions in graphene wafers. In this talk I will discuss our recent results on the electronic and magnetic properties of chemically modified graphene, the observation of ferromagnetism, and the application of organometallic chemistry to facilitate the interconnection of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
VISUAL HAZE DETECTION THRESHOLD ASSESSMENT BY ASCENDING METHOD OF LIMITS AND A TRANSFORMED STAIRCASE PROCEDURE IN APPLE JUICE SIMULATIONS UNDER “ STORE LIKE” CONDITIONS (2001)

ABSTRACT Visual haze detection thresholds were assessed in thirty panelists by two methods: the ascending method of limits and a transformed staircase procedure (UDTR, from Wetherill and Levitt 1965). The 3AFC test was used as the response procedure for both methods. Experimental samples consisted of an apple juice simulation (water with food coloring). Haze was added to the samples using formazin, and was calibrated to eleven levels ranging from 0.75–13.30NTU. Haze detection thresholds under store‐like conditions (3.55 ± 0.57 [mean ± S.E.] and 3.16 ± 0.50 NTU by the two methods, respectively) were higher than those found previously under more controlled viewing conditions. No differences were found between methods, genders, or order of method presentation ( p &gt; 0.05); a practice effect showed a slight improvement in detection thresholds between sessions ( p = 0.05). Nonparametric tests confirmed the similarities in the threshold estimates from the two methods. The two methods estimated visual haze detection thresholds equally well. However, the ascending method of limits may be preferred method due to the shorter time involved in administration.
1. Prevention of Pneumonia with Oral Care (2014)

口腔ケアが誤嚥性肺炎の発症を予防する効果があることが報告されている．口腔ケアは多くの施設で取り入れられているが，その実際は施設により異なり，効果判定も困難なことが多い．口腔内にはおよそ600種の微生物が存在し，常在菌叢を形成している．これらは容易に歯垢によるバイオフィルム形成をもたらし，その除去には物理的なブラッシングに頼る部分が大きい．本稿では，口腔ケアと関連する細菌学的事項，病棟における口腔ケアの実際，各種職種の役割分担，ケアにおける考え方などにつき，当院での経験を述べた．
On the stability of peptide nucleic acid duplexes in the presence of organic solvents (2007)

Nucleic acid double helices are stabilized by hydrogen bonding and stacking forces (a combination of hydrophobic, dispersive and electrostatic forces) of the base pairs in the helix. One would predict the hydrogen bonding contributions to increase and the stacking contributions to decrease as the water activity in the medium decreases. Study of nucleobase paired duplexes in the absence of water and ultimately in pure aprotic, non-polar organic solvents is not possible with natural phosphodiester nucleic acids due to the ionic phosphate groups and the associated cations, but could be possible with non-ionic nucleic acid analogues or mimics such as peptide nucleic acids. We now report that peptide nucleic acid (PNA) (in contrast to DNA) duplexes show almost unaffected stability in up to 70% dimethylformamide (DMF) or dioxane, and extrapolation of the data to conditions of 100% organic solvents indicates only minor (or no) destabilization of the PNA duplexes. Our data indicate that stacking forces contribute little if at all to the duplex stability under these conditions. The differences in behaviour between the PNA and the DNA duplexes are attributed to the differences in hydration and counter ion release rather than to the differences in nucleobase interaction. These results support the possibility of having stable nucleobase paired double helices in organic solvents.
Alternating projection for maximum-likelihood source localization using eigendecomposition (1999)

Alternating projection allows us to make a maximum-likelihood estimation of arrival angles by one-dimensional search. In this letter, we propose an eigendecomposition-based alternating projection method that can greatly reduce computational complexity with no performance degradation as compared with the direct alternating projection. In the proposed method, initial estimation can be readily performed with MUSIC, which may lead to further reduction in the computational burden.
Regularization of Inverse Problems by Neural Networks (2020)

Inverse problems arise in a variety of imaging applications including computed tomography, non-destructive testing, and remote sensing. The characteristic features of inverse problems are the non-uniqueness and instability of their solutions. Therefore, any reasonable solution method requires the use of regularization tools that select specific solutions and at the same time stabilize the inversion process. Recently, data-driven methods using deep learning techniques and neural networks demonstrated to significantly outperform classical solution methods for inverse problems. In this chapter, we give an overview of inverse problems and demonstrate the necessity of regularization concepts for their solution. We show that neural networks can be used for the data-driven solution of inverse problems and review existing deep learning methods for inverse problems. In particular, we view these deep learning methods from the perspective of regularization theory, the mathematical foundation of stable solution methods for inverse problems. This chapter is more than just a review as many of the presented theoretical results extend existing ones.
Structure and electrical properties of silicone rubber filled with thermally reduced graphene oxide (2016)

Graphene oxide (GO) was heat treated at different temperatures between 120 and 220 °C and the structural changes were assessed by thermogravimetry, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The resulting reduced graphene oxide (rGO) fillers showed markedly lower oxygen contents (primarily by reduction of epoxide and hydroxyl groups) than GO. SEM of silicone rubber composites containing 3 wt.% rGO or GO filler showed that the nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the polymer. The rGO-filled composites exhibited electric field-dependent resistivity; the resistivity decreased from 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> ohm m as the electric field was increased from 0.2 to 6 kV (mm) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . The composites exhibited an increased resistivity after being exposed to a combined thermal cycling and electrical field. An increase in the resistivity of samples aged at 120 °C for more than 17 h was observed; the resistivity-electric field behavior and the dielectric constant of the aged composite resembled that of GO-filled composite. The composites exhibited dielectric constant values between 4.0 and 5.2 and a low tan delta (≤ 0.015) at frequencies between 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> and 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> Hz. The results suggest that the resistivity of the composites can be tuned by adjusting the degree of reduction of GO. The low rGO-filler content that was required to achieve this adequate property profile is attractive, which makes these composites potentially useful as electric field-grading material in HVDC cable accessories. However, this requires that the long-term stability problem can be sensible addressed.
Thin magneto-dielectric coatings for hybrid-mode horn antennas (2010)

Hybrid-mode horns such as corrugated horns, strip loaded horns and dielectric loaded horns have been used for satellite antennas due to their low cross-polarized radiation. Furthermore, horns that support the balanced hybrid-mode can behave as either soft or hard horns, providing low sidelobes or high aperture efficiency. Although corrugated horns have found wide use in satellite antennas, dielectric loaded horns are less desirable because of their higher mass, dielectric losses, and limited bandwidth. Recently, a metamaterial-based hybrid-mode horn design was proposed, where a metamaterial liner with dielectric constant less than unity was placed on the wall of the horn. It promises improved bandwidth as well as low manufacturing costs. In fact, metamaterials can exhibit a much broader range of electromagnetic properties, such as a negative or near zero index of refraction. In this work, a magneto-dielectric metamaterial liner with low refractive index was used to realize hybrid-mode horns. This paper provides metamaterial design principles and the expressions needed for hybrid-mode operation, as well as examples of conical horn antennas with metamaterial coatings that exhibit low cross-polarized radiation.
The effects on vesicourethral function following laparoscopic hysterectomy. (2001)

The aim of our study is to determine whether laparoscopic hysterectomy is associated with increased postoperative urinary symptoms and to assess the change in urodynamic parameters after operation. Forty-five women were arranged for laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH). Each patient received urinalysis, interview, and urodynamic study including uroflowmetry, filling and voiding cystometry and urethral pressure profilometry before and after hysterectomy. A total of 27 patients (60%) had urinary symptoms preoperatively. After operation, only 22 patients (48.9%) remained symptomatic. There was no significant change in the number of women with one or more voiding symptoms before and after surgery, but the incidence of urinary frequency and stress incontinence decreased significantly after laparoscopic hysterectomy (P < 0.05). In addition, maximal urethral closure pressure and maximal cystometric capacity showed significant increases after operation. They were 73.1 cm H2O (range: 49-114) vs 104.4 cm H2O (range: 60-147) (P < 0.001), and 363.3 ml (range: 287-423) vs 396.1 ml (range: 265-515) (P < 0.001), respectively. The result indicated that laparoscopic hysterectomy did not significantly increase the subjective or objective incidence of vesicourethral dysfunction. On the contrary, some patients might be cured of urinary frequency or stress incontinence postoperatively.
Effect of aerobic and resistance exercise on central hemodynamic responses in severe chronic heart failure (2002)

Exercise is now considered an important component of management in chronic heart failure (CHF), but little is known about central hemodynamic changes that occur during different exercise modalities in these patients. Seventeen patients (ejection fraction 25 +/- 2%) undertook brachial artery and right heart catheterization and oxygen consumption assessment at rest, during submaximal and peak cycling (Cyc), and during submaximal upper and lower limb resistance exercise. Cardiac output (CO) increased relative to baseline during peak Cyc (P < 0.05) but did not change during submaximal Cyc or upper or lower limb exercise. Heart rate (HR) was lowest during upper limb exercise and progressively increased during lower limb exercise, submaximal Cyc, and peak Cyc, with significant differences between each of these (P < 0.01). Conversely, stroke volume (SV) decreased during submaximal Cyc and lower limb exercise and was lower during peak and submaximal Cyc and lower limb exercise than during upper limb exercise (P < 0.05). CHF patients are dependent on increases in HR to increase CO during exercise when SV may decline. Resistance exercise, performed at appropriate intensity, induces a similar hemodynamic burden to aerobic exercise in patients with CHF.
Ubiquitous Tracking for Augmented Reality (2005)

Augmented reality (AR) provides a natural interface to the "calm" pervasive technology anticipated in large-scale ubiquitous computing environments. However, the range of classic AR applications has been limited by the scope, range and cost of sensors used for tracking. Hybrid tracking approaches can go some way to extending this range. We propose an approach, called ubiquitous tracking, in which data from widespread and diverse heterogeneous tracking sensors is automatically and dynamically fused, and then transparently provided to applications. A formal model represents spatial relationships between objects as a graph attributed with quality-of-service parameters. This paper presents a software implementation, in which a dynamic data flow network of distributed software components is thereby constructed in response to queries and optimisation criteria specified by applications. This implementation is demonstrated using a small laboratory example, and larger setups modelled in a simulation environment.
The fenestrae-associated protein Plvap regulates the rate of blood-borne protein passage into the hypophysis (2019)

To maintain body homeostasis, endocrine systems must detect and integrate blood-borne peripheral signals. This is mediated by fenestrae, specialized permeable pores in the endothelial membrane. Plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (Plvap) is located in the fenestral diaphragm and is thought to play a role in the passage of proteins through the fenestrae. However, this suggested function has yet to be demonstrated directly. We studied the development of fenestrated capillaries in the hypophysis, a major neuroendocrine interface between the blood and brain. Using a transgenic biosensor to visualize the vascular excretion of the genetically tagged plasma protein DBP-EGFP, we show that the developmental acquisition of vascular permeability coincides with differential expression of zebrafish <i>plvap</i> orthologs in the hypophysis versus brain. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that <i>plvapb</i> mutants display deficiencies in fenestral diaphragms and increased density of hypophyseal fenestrae. Measurements of DBP-EGFP extravasation in <i>plvapb</i> mutants provided direct proof that Plvap limits the rate of blood-borne protein passage through fenestrated endothelia. We present the regulatory role of Plvap in the development of blood-borne protein detection machinery at a neuroendocrine interface through which hormones are released to the general circulation.