gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of copper particles covered with cobalt-catalyzed carbon nanofibers and their application to air-curable conductive paste (2017)

Sea urchin-shaped hybrid copper powder (HCuP), which is characterized by copper alloy powder particles covered with vertically aligned Co-catalyzed carbon nanofibers (CNFs), was successfully synthesized to improve the oxidation resistance of copper paste. Fine spherical CuCo alloy particles with nominal composition of Cu/Co = 99/1 w/w were fabricated by atomization. Cobalt nanoprecipitates (CoNPs) used as the catalyst for carbon fiber growth were arranged on the surface of an alloy particle by heat treatment. CNFs were grown from the CoNPs on the alloy particle via thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The conductive paste was prepared by milling using HCuP with resin and oleic acid. HCuP paste was screen-printed on a glass or plastic substrate and showed a resistivity as low as 1.2 × 10−4 Ω·cm after curing at 150 °C for 30 min in air (21% oxygen). These results indicate that the use of HCuP is a promising technology for printable electronics in a sustainable society.
Mixed ion-electron transport in organic electrochemical transistors (2020)

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have shown great promise in a variety of applications ranging from digital logic circuits to biosensors and artificial synapses for neuromorphic computing. The working mechanism of OECTs relies on the mixed transport of ionic and electronic charge carriers, extending throughout the bulk of the organic channel. This attribute renders OECTs fundamentally different from conventional field effect transistors and endows them with unique features, including large gate-to-channel capacitance, low operating voltage, and high transconductance. Owing to the complexity of the mixed ion-electron coupling and transport processes, the OECT device physics is sophisticated and yet to be fully unraveled. Here, we give an account of the one- and two-dimensional drift-diffusion models that have been developed to describe the mixed transport of ions and electrons by finite-element methods and identify key device parameters to be tuned for the next developments in the field.
XHOUND: Quantifying the Fingerprintability of Browser Extensions (2017)

In recent years, researchers have shown that unwanted web tracking is on the rise, as advertisers are trying to capitalize on users' online activity, using increasingly intrusive and sophisticated techniques. Among these, browser fingerprinting has received the most attention since it allows trackers to uniquely identify users despite the clearing of cookies and the use of a browser's private mode. In this paper, we investigate and quantify the fingerprintability of browser extensions, such as, AdBlock and Ghostery. We show that an extension's organic activity in a page's DOM can be used to infer its presence, and develop XHound, the first fully automated system for fingerprinting browser extensions. By applying XHound to the 10,000 most popular Google Chrome extensions, we find that a significant fraction of popular browser extensions are fingerprintable and could thus be used to supplement existing fingerprinting methods. Moreover, by surveying the installed extensions of 854 users, we discover that many users tend to install different sets of fingerprintable browser extensions and could thus be uniquely, or near-uniquely identifiable by extension-based fingerprinting. We use XHound's results to build a proof-of-concept extension-fingerprinting script and show that trackers can fingerprint tens of extensions in just a few seconds. Finally, we describe why the fingerprinting of extensions is more intrusive than the fingerprinting of other browser and system properties, and sketch two different approaches towards defending against extension-based fingerprinting.
Language identification with neural networks: a feasibility study (2003)

The feasibility of an approach to automatic language identification that combines recent advances in computer speech recognition and artificial neural networks is discussed. It is shown that artificial neural networks can be used as pattern classifiers that use information about distributions of broad phonetic categories to identify languages. Using artificial languages that differ only by their distribution of stop consonants, feature vectors were extracted from varying amounts of speech from each language. These feature vectors were then used to train an artificial neural network using the back-propagation algorithm. Classification results for two different sets of artificial languages are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cyclosporine A Amplifies Ca2+ Signaling Pathway in LLC-PK1 Cells through the Inhibition of Plasma Membrane Ca2+ Pump (2003)

Cyclosporine A (CsA), a neutral, highly hydrophobic cyclic peptide with 11 amino acids, is currently the most widely used immunosuppressive drug for preventing graft rejection and autoimmune diseases. Despite its efficacy, the use of CsA is limited by severe side effects, mainly nephrotoxicity and arterial hypertension. Single cell microfluorimetry was used to evaluate the role of CsA on Ca(2+) signaling pathway in intact cells of the porcine proximal tubule-like cell line LLC-PK1; the assay of the in vitro activity of the plasma membrane Ca(2+) pump (PMCA) was carried out through the preparation and isolation of membranes. The addition of CsA to incubation medium at doses ranging from 0.1 to 2 microM did not change the basal level of intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)), whereas it affected the [Ca(2+)](i) response to thapsigargin (TG), a powerful inhibitor of microsomal Ca(2+) pump. In control studies, 5 microM TG produced a biphasic response: [Ca(2+)](i) peaked with a 60-s lag, and it then declined to a plateau of elevated [Ca(2+)](i), which remains above basal. However, it became evident that CsA strengthened the Ca(2+) response to TG because the addition of 5 microM TG to cells exposed to 400 nM CsA did not affect the peak response to TG, but it markedly affected the subsequent sustained phase ([Ca(2+)](i) = 156 +/- 4.84 versus 130 +/- 3.28 nmol, mean +/- SEM, n = 6, P < 0.001). In membrane preparations, 200 nM CsA brought about, in the presence of 10 microM calmodulin (CaM), a significant decrease of plasma membrane Ca(2+) pump (PMCA) activity (46.96 +/- 0.26 versus 53.48 +/- 1.96 nmol x mg of protein(-1) x min(-1), n = 6, P < 0.02), a value similar to that obtained in the presence of equimolar amounts of cyclosporine H (CsH), a non-immunosuppressive analogue of CsA. These findings suggest that in this cell line CsA affects the Ca(2+) export pathway through the reduction of the PMCA activity with consequent amplification and strengthening of [Ca(2+)](i) response after exposure to agents that trigger intracellular Ca(2+) release. The increased cell sensitivity during Ca(2+) signaling events ensuing from the impairment of this "defense system" may be regarded as one of the basic mechanisms involved in the development of the side effects induced by CsA.
Vectorial optical field reconstruction by attosecond spectral interferometry (2017)

An electrical pulse is completely defined by its time-dependent amplitude, phase and polarization state. For optical and near-infrared pulses the manipulation and characterization of the last one is fundamental due to its relevance in several scientific and technological fields. Although the complete characterization of optical waveform has been already demonstrated, a technique both capable to fully characterize also weak probe pulses, with energy in the 10-100nJ, and, at the same time, free of systematic distortions, would be highly desirable. In this work, we report on new theoretical and experimental results to demonstrate a novel approach for the complete characterization of the electric field of an optical pulse. Our method is based on the combination of two elements: the implementation of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) interferometry, with time resolution in the attosecond domain, and the demonstration that the motion of an attosecond electronic wave packet, created by an intense laser pulse, allows to sample an unknown electric field along a controllable, fixed direction. Combining these elements, we demonstrate the full reconstruction of electric fields with intensities as low as I~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and with a generic time-dependent polarization state, with an all-optical method.
Modification of a cylindrical mirror analyzer for angle-resolved electron spectroscopy (1982)

A commercial double-pass cylindrical mirror analyzer has been modified for angle-resolved electron spectroscopy by insertion of an aperture-containing drum within the inner cylinder of the second stage. Three operating modes are possible; high angular resolution (±2°), low angular resolution (±6°), and complete retraction of the drum to permit normal angle integration. The gearing mechanism for rotation and translation of the drum is described, and the performance of the analyzer is discussed.
Continuous-wave-pumped Raman-assisted fiber optical parametric amplifier and wavelength converter in conventional dispersion-shifted fiber (2001)

We present a continuous-wave-pumped fiber optical parametric amplifier, operating near 1539 nm in conventional dispersion-shifted fiber, with maximum on-off gain and wavelength-conversion efficiency of 13.7 and 13.1 dB, respectively. In addition, we show a novel configuration based on Raman amplification assistance in the parametric gain fiber that further increases the gain and wavelength-conversion efficiencies to 16.7 and 16.2 dB, respectively.
Effects of microwave modification on char gasification of coal water slurry (2013)

Microwave irradiation was employed to modify coal physicochemical property to promote gasification performances of coal water slurry(CWS) gasification performances.The improvement of microwave modification on CWS char gasification at atmospheric and elevated pressures was investigated on a rotary viscometer,pressurized thermobalance and energy disperse spectroscopy.Both the gasification temperatures and activation energy of CWS char decrease with increasing microwave time and gasification pressure.The gasification activation energy of Filipine CWS char decreases from 222 kJ·mol-1 to 207 kJ·mol-1 at atmospheric pressure after a microwave time of 120 s,and further decreases to 185 kJ·mol-1 when gasification pressure increases to 0.6 MPa.The gasification reactivity of CWS char prepared from Filipine lignite is higher than that prepared from Guizhou lean coal,but the gasification activation energy is in reverse.Therefore microwave irradiation not only increases CWS solid concentration,but also increases CWS char gasification reactivity.
Cephalometric predictors for orthopaedic mandibular advancement in obstructive sleep apnoea (1995)

The cephalometric analysis of two groups: 30 sleep apnoea patients, and 30 age- and sex-matched control patients, established predictors for the orthopaedic mandibular advancement by means of the Esmarch device (ED) in treating obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Polysomnographic sleep and ventilation data gathered for each patient with and without mandibular advancement by means of the ED were compared. Cephalometric data and treatment efficacy for each patient were submitted to a regression analysis. Maximal efficacy is predicted by: 1. The combination of an orthognathic to prognathic maxilla (SNA larger than or equal to 83 degrees) with an orthognatic to retrognathic mandible (SNB less than or equal to 77 degrees) 2. An anterior superior displacement of the mandible, with the supramentale situated at a distance from the anterior part of second cervical vertebra (B-HWK 2 longer than or equal to 95.5 mm) and a narrow angle between the skull and the mandibular ramus (SN/B-Go equal to or less than 1.5 degrees) 3. Short oral height (TB-PNS equal to or less than 35.5 mm), with the uvula not extending beyond the tongue base (UT-PNS, equal to or less than 30 mm). 4. A narrow oropharynx (PAS equal to or less than 3.4 mm). The narrower the SNB-angle, the wider the SNA-angle, and the shorter the uvula, the more effective the device.
Argonaute‐2 Promotes miR‐18a Entry in Human Brain Endothelial Cells (2014)

Ago-2 facilitates miR-18a entry into brain endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. This study highlights the clinical potential of Ago-2 as a miRNA delivery platform for the treatment of brain vascular diseases.
A Practical Approach to cis-2,5-Disubstituted Tetrahydrofurans and O-Bridged Medium-Sized Carbocycles from [5 + 2] Pyrone−Alkene Cycloadducts (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Practical Approach to cis-2,5-Disubstituted Tetrahydrofurans and O-Bridged Medium-Sized Carbocycles from [5 + 2] Pyrone−Alkene CycloadductsJosé L. Mascareñas, Antonio Rumbo, and Luis CastedoView Author Information Departamento de Química Orgánica y Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 25, 8620–8621Publication Date (Web):December 12, 1997Publication History Received4 September 1997Published online12 December 1997Published inissue 1 December 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9716439https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9716439rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Enolates,Hydrocarbons,Metathesis,Tetrahydrofurans Get e-Alerts
The Safe Processing of High Naphthenic Acid Content Crude Oils - Refinery Experience and Mitigation Studies (2003)

Abstract The economics of processing opportunity crudes is often so attractive that more and more refineries are updating their strategy for purchasing these difficult crudes. The experience gained from treating over 50 high acid crude units over the last 20 years is used to manage the risks of processing new opportunity crudes. When developing a strategy for processing opportunity crudes, you must consider the total impact on the refinery - both positive and negative. This paper shows an effective way to analyze opportunity crudes for potential negative impacts on the process. Risk managing techniques for corrosivity studies, desalter emulsion stability, fouling prediction and stability issues are reported. Listed are laboratory and field evaluations utilising on-line monitoring systems, corrosion probes and corrosion coupons. Proper monitoring strategy is critical to successfully managing the risk of processing opportunity crudes. Finally, the use of high temperature corrosion inhibitors was successfully evaluated as a means to mitigate naphthenic acid corrosion.
Energy Efficient Homes: An Introduction to Carbon Footprints (2008)

FCS-3271, a 5-page illustrated fact sheet by Nicholas W. Taylor, Jeffrey Michael, and Kathleen C. Ruppert, introduces the concept of carbon footprint and how it is calculated, including quick facts and a glossary of terms. Includes references. One of an Energy Efficient Homes series. Published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, June 2008.
Genetic analysis of the modern Australian labradoodle dog breed reveals an excess of the poodle genome (2020)

The genomic diversity of the domestic dog is an invaluable resource for advancing understanding of mammalian biology, evolutionary biology, morphologic variation, and behavior. There are approximately 350 recognized breeds in the world today, many established through hybridization and selection followed by intense breeding programs aimed at retaining or enhancing specific traits. As a result, many breeds suffer from an excess of particular diseases, one of many factors leading to the recent trend of "designer breed" development, i.e. crossing purebred dogs from existing breeds in the hope that offspring will be enriched for desired traits and characteristics of the parental breeds. We used a dense panel of 150,106 SNPs to analyze the population structure of the Australian labradoodle (ALBD), to understand how such breeds are developed. Haplotype and admixture analyses show that breeds other than the poodle (POOD) and Labrador retriever (LAB) contributed to ALBD formation, but that the breed is, at the genetic level, predominantly POOD, with all small and large varieties contributing to its construction. Allele frequency analysis reveals that the breed is enhanced for variants associated with a poodle-like coat, which is perceived by breeders to have an association with hypoallergenicity. We observed little enhancement for LAB-specific alleles. This study provides a blueprint for understanding how dog breeds are formed, highlighting the limited scope of desired traits in defining new breeds.
Separation of Sound Sources Propagated in the Same Direction (2005)

This paper describes a method for separating a target sound from other noise arriving in a single direction when the target cannot, therefore, be separated by directivity control. Microphones are arranged in a line toward the sources to form null sensitivity points at given distances from the microphones. The null points exclude non-target sound sources on the basis of weighting coefficients for microphone outputs determined by blind source separation. The separation problem is thereby simplified to instantaneous separation by adjustment of the time-delays for microphone outputs. The system uses a direct (i.e. non-iterative) algorithm for blind separation based on second-order statistics, assuming that all sources are non-stationary signals. Simulations show that the 2-microphone system can separate a target sound with separability of more than 40 dB for the 2-source problem, and 25 dB for the 3-source problem when the other sources are adjacent.
E<inf>i</inf>-transform: A useful and general framework for channel capacity analysis over fading channels (2009)

In this paper, we propose a novel unified analytical framework for the analysis of Channel Capacity over fading channels, which exploits the flexibility and generality of the well-known Moment Generating Function (MGF-) based approach, instead of the usual Probability Density Function (PDF-) based one. In particular, we will introduce a novel transform operator called E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> -Transform, and show that Channel Capacity with side information at the receiver and side information at the transmitter and receiver can be readily expressed as the E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> -Transform of the first derivative of the MGF of the received Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in the former case, and the E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> -Transform of a linear combination of MGF and truncated MGF (along with their derivatives) of the received SNR in the latter case. The proposed framework turns out to be a useful technique to the analysis and computation of Channel Capacity in all those application scenarios in which estimating the MGF of the received SNR is much simpler than estimating the PDF. Finally, a simple numerical method, which is based on the Gauss-Chebyshev Quadrature (GCQ) rule, for computing E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> -Transform integrals will be described, and numerical results will be shown to validate the accuracy of the proposed MGF-based approach.
Microbial ecology of the ovine rumen. (2002)

Microbial interactions in the rumen of sheep are discussed and the individual components of the rumen ecosystem are described. The chapter elaborates on these components: host-related factors, dietary factors, and the microbiota itself, which is comprised of bacteria, methanogens (Archaea), protozoa, fungi, and bacteriophages. The stability of the rumen ecosystem is discussed in terms of ruminal disorders; detoxification by rumen microbes, particularly ruminal adaptation to plant toxins and ruminal metabolism of toxins associated with fodder plants; manipulation of the rumen ecosystem; antimicrobial agents and microbial feed additives; and inoculants of natural and recombinant rumen microorganisms.
Adequacy evaluation of endometrial cytology using Thinlayer specimens (2008)

目的: 子宮内膜細胞診において, Thinlayer 標本と従来の塗抹標本 (Conventional 標本) の診断成績を比較し, Thinlayer 標本の特性を明らかにする.方法: 内膜組織診とエンドサイトによる内膜細胞診を同一日に施行した 96 例を対象とした. 塗抹後のエンドサイトから Thinlayer 標本を作製し, 従来の診断基準で Thinlayer 標本も診断した. 組織診の結果を基に, 両細胞診標本の感度および特異度を求め, 細胞塗抹量, 鏡検時間, 細胞像について検討した.成績: Conventional 標本の感度/特異度は 87.0%/89.4%, Thinlayer 標本は 73.9%/70.2%であり, 後者が低かったがいずれも有意差は認めなかった. Thinlayer 標本は重積性が軽減され, 背景の赤血球や炎症細胞が大きく減少していた. 鏡検時間は Thinlayer 標本で有意に短縮された. しかし Conventional 標本とは異なる細胞像を示す傾向があった.結論: Thinlayer 標本による内膜細胞診標本は Conventional 標本と同程度の感度/特異度であり, Thinlayer 標本の特性を十分理解したうえで臨床応用は可能と思われる.
Performance of the demonstration model of DIOS FXT (2009)

To search for warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), a small satellite mission DIOS (Diffuse Intergalactic Oxygen Surveyor ) is planned and a specially designed four-stage X-ray telescope (FXT) has been developed as the best fit optics to have a wide field of view and large effective area. Based on the previous design work and mirror fabrication technology used in the Suzaku mission, we made small demonstration model of DIOS FXT. This model has focal length of 700 mm consisting of quadrant housing and four-stage mirror sets with different radii of 150 - 180 mm and each stage mirror hight of 40 mm. We performed X-ray measurement for one set of four-stage mirror with a radius of 180 mm. From the results of the optical and X-ray measurement, it was found that tighter control were required for positioning and fabrication process of each mirror even to get angular resolution of several arcmin.