gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ASHs: application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging (1997)

Application-specific safe message handlers (ASHs) are designed to provide applications with hardware-level network performance. ASHs are user-written code fragments that safely and efficiently execute in the kernel in response to message arrival. ASHs can direct message transfers (thereby eliminating copies) and send messages (thereby reducing send-response latency). In addition, the ASH system provides support for dynamic integrated layer processing (thereby eliminating duplicate message traversals) and dynamic protocol composition (thereby supporting modularity). ASHs offer this high degree of flexibility while still providing network performance as good as, or (if they exploit application-specific knowledge) even better than, hard-wired in-kernel implementations. A combination of user-level microbenchmarks and end-to-end system measurements using TCP demonstrates the benefits of the ASH system.
Measuring the Effectiveness of Honeypot Counter-Counterdeception (2006)

Honeypots are computer systems that try to fool cyberattackers into thinking they are ordinary computer systems, when in fact they are designed solely to collect data about attack methods and thereby enable better defense against attackers. Honeypots are more effective the more ordinary they appear, but so far designers have just used intuition in designing them. So it is valuable to develop metrics for measuring the effectiveness of honeypot deception. We report on several software tools we have developed for assessing the effectiveness of honeypots, particularly a metric-calculating tool that summarizes a file system by a vector of 72 numbers. Comparison of vectors between fake and real systems can guide design of the fake. We show that this metric tool, applied to a detailed fake file system we constructed, confirms that it is convincing in most ways.
Data from MGD011, A CD19 x CD3 Dual-Affinity Retargeting Bi-specific Molecule Incorporating Extended Circulating Half-life for the Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; CD19, a B-cell lineage-specific marker, is highly represented in B-cell malignancies and an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. MGD011 is a CD19 x CD3 DART bispecific protein designed to redirect T lymphocytes to eliminate CD19-expressing cells. MGD011 has been engineered with a modified human Fc domain for improved pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and designed to cross-react with the corresponding antigens in cynomolgus monkeys. Here, we report on the preclinical activity, safety and PK properties of MGD011.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The activity of MGD011 was evaluated in several &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; models. PK, safety and pharmacodynamic activity was also assessed in dose-escalation and repeat-dose studies of MGD011 administered once weekly in cynomolgus monkeys.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; MGD011 mediated killing of human B-cell lymphoma lines by human or cynomolgus monkey PBMCs as well as autologous B-cell depletion in PBMCs from both species. MGD011-mediated killing was accompanied by target-dependent T-cell activation and expansion, cytokine release and upregulation of perforin and granzyme B. MGD011 demonstrated antitumor activity against localized and disseminated lymphoma xenografts reconstituted with human PBMCs. In cynomolgus monkeys, MGD011 displayed a terminal half-life of 6.7 days; once weekly intravenous infusion of MGD011 at doses up to 100 μg/kg, the highest dose tested, was well tolerated and resulted in dose-dependent, durable decreases in circulating B cells accompanied by profound reductions of B lymphocytes in lymphoid organs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The preclinical activity, safety and PK profile support clinical investigation of MGD011 as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1506–18. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Optimization of a SiC Super-SBD Based on Scaling Properties of Power Devices (2006)

Scaling theory is applied in the design of power devices. The scaling law for power devices is presented. A new figure of merit (HFOM) is derived as an invariant of scale transformation, which is a function of avalanche breakdown field and regarded as a measure of the performance of a power device. The optimization of a SiC Schottky barrier diode with the floating junction structure (Super-SBD) has been performed using the HFOM as a measure of the performance. The performance of the optimized Super-SBD surpasses the performance limit of 4H-SiC devices with the conventional structure.
Vicher: A virtual reality based educational module for chemical reaction engineering (1996)

Virtual reality has the potential to be a powerful new tool in engineering education by bringing experience-based learning to all students, addressing the needs of students with alternate learning styles, and providing enhanced impact to educational presentations. As with any new tool, we must first learn how, when, and where to apply it before it becomes useful. This article describes Vicher, the first known application of virtual reality to chemical engineering education, and some of what has been discovered about virtual reality as an educational tool during Vicher's development. Vicher currently consists of two programs—Vicher I and Vicher II—which deal with the topics of catalyst deactivation and nonisothermal effects in chemical reaction engineering, respectively. Between the two programs, Vicher currently simulates five different engineering areas plus support facilities. Future plans include extensive student testing, program expansion and refinement, and the development of additional virtual reality based educational modules. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Potentiation of mitomycin C, 6-mercaptopurine, bleomycin, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum and 5-fluorouracil by mycotrienins and mycotrienols. (1983)

Mycotrienins I and II and mycotrienols I and II are ansamycin antibiotics containing a triene structure, isolated from Streptomyces rishiriensis. An amphotericin B-resistant clone (AMBR-1) derived from cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells was cross-resistant to mycotrienins I and II, but not to mycotrienol I or II. These four ansamycin antibiotics were found to potentiate significantly the action of some anti-cancer agents including 5-fluorouracil, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, bleomycin, mitomycin C and 6-mercaptopurine against cultured V79 cells. The action of adriamycin was not potentiated. These four ansamycin antibiotics showed a synergism spectrum similar to that of smaller polyene antibiotics.
Towards improving ASR robustness for PSN & GSM telephone applications (2002)

In real-life applications, the speech recognition system errors are mainly due to inadequate detection of speech segments, unreliable rejection of out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words, and noise and transmission channel effects. In this paper, we present the results of several experiments carried out on field vs. laboratory databases and on databases collected over PSN and GSM networks. The main sources of errors are analyzed. Preprocessing techniques as well as HMM adaptation techniques are used to increase the robustness to mismatches between training and testing conditions. We show that a blind equalization scheme improves significantly the recognition accuracy on both field and GSM data. Bayesian adaptation of hidden Markov models (HMM) parameters produces robust models to field conditions. The obtained results prove that HMM adaptation and preprocessing techniques can be advantageously combined, in order to improve ASR robustness.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation using non-myeloablative ATG/TLI conditioning for lymphomas (2021)

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) can produce durable remissions in refractory lymphomas by relying on both myeloablative conditioning (MAC) and the subsequent graft-versus-ly...
Classifying Documents within Multiple Hierarchical Datasets Using Multi-task Learning (2013)

Multi-task learning (MTL) is a supervised learning paradigm in which the prediction models for several related tasks are learned jointly to achieve better generalization performance. When there are only a few training examples per task, MTL considerably outperforms the traditional Single task learning (STL) in terms of prediction accuracy. In this work we develop an MTL based approach for classifying documents that are archived within dual concept hierarchies, namely, DMOZ and Wikipedia. We solve the multi-class classification problem by defining one-versus-rest binary classification tasks for each of the different classes across the two hierarchical datasets. Instead of learning a linear discriminant for each of the different tasks independently, we use a MTL approach with relationships between the different tasks across the datasets established using the non-parametric, lazy, nearest neighbor approach. We also develop and evaluate a transfer learning (TL) approach and compare the MTL (and TL) methods against the standard single task learning and semi-supervised learning approaches. Our empirical results demonstrate the strength of our developed methods that show an improvement especially when there are fewer number of training examples per classification task.
Structural characterization of the divalent cation sites of bacterial phosphotriesterase by cadmium-113 NMR spectroscopy (1993)

The phosphotriesterase from Pseudomonas diminuta catalyzes the hydrolysis of organophosphate esters. The isolated native protein contains zinc, and removal of this metal abolishes the enzymatic activity. Reconstitution of the apoenzyme requires 2 mol of cadmium per mol of protein for full catalytic activity. The kcat and Km values for the hydrolysis of paraoxon for the cadmium-substituted enzyme are 4300 s-1 and 390 microM, respectively. These values compare favorably with the kinetic constants observed for the zinc-substituted enzyme (2300 s-1 and 78 microM). A hybrid enzyme containing one zinc and one cadmium ion is catalytically active, and the kinetic constants are nearly identical to the values obtained with the all-zinc-containing enzyme. The NMR spectrum of protein reconstituted with two 113Cd2+ ions per enzyme molecule exhibits cadmium resonances at 212 and 116 ppm downfield from Cd(ClO4)2. The two metal ions are, therefore, in significantly different chemical environments. These two binding sites have been designated the M alpha and M beta sites for the low- and high-field signals, respectively. Protein substituted with a single cadmium ion also shows two cadmium resonances, and thus one site is not completely filled prior to the binding of metal to the other site. The Cd/Zn hybrid protein shows a single cadmium resonance at 115 ppm, and thus the cadmium is occupying the M beta site while zinc is occupying the M alpha site. The positions of the observed chemical shifts for the two cadmium signals indicate that the ligands to both metals are composed of a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen atoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A 17-gene genomic prostate score (GPS) as a predictor of biochemical (BCR) and clinical recurrence (CR) in men with surgically treated intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer (PCa). (2016)

104 Background: The biopsy-based GPS (scale 0-100) is validated as an independent predictor of adverse pathology in men with low- and intermediate-risk PCa. We wished to examine the association of GPS with BCR and CR in higher-risk disease. Methods: We performed exploratory analyses of data from a prior development study of radical prostatectomies from 441 men with AUA low-, intermediate- and high-risk disease, using a cohort sampling design (Klein et al. Eur Urol 2015). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were employed with the cohort sampling weights. Since these data were used in the selection of genes and coefficients for GPS, hazard ratios (HR) and other estimates based on GPS were corrected for regression to the mean (RM), and Storey’s method was applied to hypothesis tests for GPS to control the false discovery rate (FDR). Results: All estimates are RM-corrected. Broad, overlapping ranges of GPS values were observed across all AUA risk groups. GPS was strongly associated with BCR (HR 1.64 for 20 GPS units, p&lt;0.001, FDR q-value &lt; 0.1%) and CR (HR 2.79 for 20 GPS units, p &lt; 0.001; FDR q-value &lt; 0.1%), after adjusting for AUA risk group. Intermediate-risk patients with GPS &gt; 40, who represented 41% of all intermediate-risk patients, had estimated 3-year BCR risk and 10-year CR risk similar to high-risk patients (Table). Conversely, high-risk patients with GPS≤ 40, who represented 63% of all high-risk patients, had a 3-year BCR risk and a 10-year CR risk similar to men with intermediate-risk disease. High-risk patients with GPS &gt; 40 had 3-year BCR risk of almost 50% and 10-year CR risk of 35%. Conclusions: GPS appears to provide improved risk stratification for BCR and CR in AUA intermediate- and high-risk PCa. These findings require confirmation in an independent cohort of patients. [Table: see text]
Improved efficiency of CdSe photoanodes by photoelectrochemical etching (1980)

By illuminating a CdSe photoanode in an electrolyte in which it is photoelectrochemically unstable, a selective etching of the CdSe to a matte black surface occurs with formation of small pits (≈1000 Å diameter). This photoelectrochemical etch was found to improve the output characteristics of the CdSe-polysulfide photoelectrochemical cell through an increase in short-circuit current (SCC) for single-crystal CdSe, and an increase in fill factor and SCC for polycrystalline CdSe, where the improvement is more marked. This increase could be explained only partly through decreased reflectivity of the surface, and is probably connected with removal of (near) surface recombination centers.
Active Integrated Filters for RF-Photonic Channelizers (2011)

A theoretical study of RF-photonic channelizers using four architectures formed by active integrated filters with tunable gains is presented. The integrated filters are enabled by two- and four-port nano-photonic couplers (NPCs). Lossless and three individual manufacturing cases with high transmission, high reflection, and symmetric couplers are assumed in the work. NPCs behavior is dependent upon the phenomenon of frustrated total internal reflection. Experimentally, photonic channelizers are fabricated in one single semiconductor chip on multi-quantum well epitaxial InP wafers using conventional microelectronics processing techniques. A state space modeling approach is used to derive the transfer functions and analyze the stability of these filters. The ability of adapting using the gains is demonstrated. Our simulation results indicate that the characteristic bandpass and notch filter responses of each structure are the basis of channelizer architectures, and optical gain may be used to adjust filter parameters to obtain a desired frequency magnitude response, especially in the range of 1-5 GHz for the chip with a coupler separation of ∼9 mm. Preliminarily, the measurement of spectral response shows enhancement of quality factor by using higher optical gains. The present compact active filters on an InP-based integrated photonic circuit hold the potential for a variety of channelizer applications. Compared to a pure RF channelizer, photonic channelizers may perform both channelization and down-conversion in an optical domain.
Individuals with Primary Osteoarthritis Have Different Phenotypes Depending on the Affected Joint - A Case Control Study from Southern Sweden Including 514 Participants (2014)

Individuals with primary OA in the lower extremity have a phenotype with higher BMD, higher BMI, proportionally higher fat content and lower lean body mass content. The different skeletal phenotypes in our patients with OA in the lower extremity and patients with hand OA indicate that separate pathophysiologic pathways may be responsible for primary OA in different joints.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Mental Illness (2022)

A large fraction of patients with mental disorders obtain no relief from medications, psychotherapy, or noninvasive treatments. For these patients, deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be an option. DBS is a surgical therapy that places electrodes precisely into specific brain structures (targets). It has evidence for clinical efficacy from open-label studies in obsessive-compulsive disorder and major depressive disorder. In both disorders, more than 50% of otherwise refractory patients obtain meaningful benefit. At the same time, DBS has not yet passed a large, well-controlled, multisite trial. This is in part because the devices are complex to program, such that many patients do not receive an adequate “therapy” dose. New technologies may overcome that complexity, either through precision mapping of a patient's individual brain anatomy or by directly measuring the electrical activity of key brain structures and titrating DBS to change that activity. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2022;52(7):283–287.]
Caco-2 cell lines in drug discovery- an updated perspective. (2010)

Cell lines are the invitro models used for the drug permeability studies in the preclinical and clinical phases of the drug discovery. Cell line models are simple and quick to use and avoids the usage of animal models for pharmacological and toxicological studies and hence cost effective, produce reliable and reproducible results for understanding and evaluating the permeability characteristics of the potential lead drug candidates. Different cell line models used in the drug permeability studies, their characteristics has been summarized emphasizing on CACO-2. By virtue of its merits, CACO-2 cell line development, transport experiments, automated assays, optimization of experimental conditions and mechanistic uses of CACO-2 cell lines dealt comprehensively in the following context.
Growth Requirements of Pathogenic Leptospira (1973)

Nutritional requirements for growth at 30 C of Leptospira pomona and L. canicola have been determined. Both pathogenic serotypes initially required bovine serum albumin (BSA) for growth in a medium (SM-4) which permitted growth of the water isolate B-16. Requirement for BSA was eliminated by (i) removing much of the apparent toxicity of free fatty acids in Tween 80 on an anion exchange column, (ii) decreasing extended lag periods observed from small inocula by incorporation of pyruvate into the medium, (iii) the addition of acetate to permit full utilization of substrate fatty acids in Tween 80, and (iv) the addition of glycerol to decrease generation times. Physiologic significance of these findings is discussed, and the possibility is suggested that apparent toxicity of fatty acids for leptospires may result from their auto-oxidation products. The resulting protein-free medium (SM-5) permitted the growth of pathogens at 30 C to high cell yields in low inocula. Highly virulent and avirulent strains from the same clone of L. canicola Moulton were used to determine additional growth requirements associated with virulence. As incubation temperatures were increased from 30 C to those of mammalian hosts, virulent cells required biotin at 35 C and higher levels of K(+) and Mg(2+) at 37 C. Additional Fe(2+) eliminated the necessity for removing the toxicity of Tween 80 by anion exchange. Significance of these physiologic studies are discussed in relationship to virulence. The final protein-free medium (SM-6) grew highly virulent L. canicola from tissue to high yields from low inocula at 37 C with no loss in virulence over several transfers.
Parametric Study of Motor/Shroud Heat Transfer Performance in an Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) (2000)

A shroud is commonly used around the motor of an electrical submersible pump (ESP) to accelerate reservoir fluids past the motor for cooling. Standard practice has been to design the shroud/motor configuration relative to the casing using a minimum fluid velocity of 0.3048 m/s (1 ft/s) rule of thumb as a production strategy. The increase in the use of ESPs to exploit heavy oil reservoirs has brought up the necessity of revising this rule in order to prevent motor burnouts. A parametric study has been conducted using the computational fluid dynamics software CFX4.2 to examine the heat transfer behavior of the shroud motor configuration as a function of motor/shroud standoff. The objective of this effort is to examine the validity of the historical rule of thumb for heavy oils. Results for a case study on an oil with a viscosity of 78 cp @ 320 K are presented. Further, to explore the possibility of enhancing the heat transfer characteristics, the flow configuration was modified by incorporating several openings on the shroud. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that fluid velocity should be kept around 0.85 m/s (2.8 ft/s) as opposed to 1 ft/s to assure proper cooling of the motor. Also, flow redistribution by proper placement of the slots on the shroud may produce better heat transfer between the oil and the motor wall. [S0195-0738(00)00703-2]
Validity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of cross-linked fibrin degradation products as a measure of clot lysis. (1990)

Concentrations of cross-linked fibrin degradation products (XL-FDPs) in plasma, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against fragment D-dimer of cross-linked fibrin, increase when patients are given fibrinolytic agents. Whether XL-FDPs derive from circulating cross-linked fibrin polymers in plasma, compared with clot-associated fibrin, has been questioned because increases in XL-FDP are measured by some assays after fibrinolysis in vitro in the absence of clot. We characterized the source of XL-FDP immunoreactivity in plasma of patients with acute myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease and the response to plasminogen activation in vitro induced by pharmacological concentrations of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and streptokinase. XL-FDPs were measured with two different ELISA. One, "pan-specific tag ELISA," was based on a capture MAb specific for XL-FDP and a tag MAb that recognizes an epitope exposed in the fragment D region of both fibrin and fibrinogen, whereas the other, "fibrin-specific tag ELISA," was based on a capture and tag MAbs both specific for fibrin. After plasminogen activation was induced in vitro in plasma from patients with myocardial infarction, increased concentrations of XL-FDP were measured by the pan-specific tag ELISA; however, concentrations measured with the fibrin-specific tag ELISA were not increased. To determine the mechanism for this discrepancy, plasma was subjected to immunoadsorption with a MAb specific for fragment D-dimer before and after in vitro activation of the fibrinolytic system and immunoblotting with a fragment D-dimer-specific MAb and with the pan-specific MAb. Increased concentrations of fragment D-dimer, as well as fibrinogen fragment D at high concentrations, were recognized by the specific MAb. Non-cross-linked fragments were also shown by immunoblotting with the pan-specific MAb to coprecipitate with cross-linked fibrin fragments. This suggested the increased concentrations of XL-FDP measured by the pan-specific tag ELISA after in vitro activation of the fibrinolytic system were due to detection of non-cross-linked fibrinogen fragments. However, fibrin fragment D-dimer concentrations were found to increase in plasma of 15 patients given t-PA for acute myocardial infarction. We conclude fragment D-dimer in plasma of patients during thrombolysis does not originate from circulating soluble cross-linked fibrin but rather is a marker of solid-phase fibrin dissolution, which may be quantitated with assays based on capture and tag antibodies that do not detect fibrinogen or its degradation products.