gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of oleoylethanolamide-induced changes in feeding behavior and motor activity (2005)

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a lipid synthesized in the intestine, reduces food intake and stimulates lipolysis through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. OEA also activates transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) in vitro. Because the anorexigenic effect of OEA is associated with delayed feeding onset and reduced locomotion, we examined whether intraperitoneal administration of OEA results in nonspecific behavioral effects that contribute to the anorexia in rats. Moreover, we determined whether circulating levels of other gut hormones are modulated by OEA and whether CCK is involved in OEA-induced anorexia. Our results indicate that OEA reduces food intake without causing a conditioned taste aversion or reducing sodium appetite. It also failed to induce a conditioned place aversion. However, OEA induced changes in posture and reduced spontaneous activity in the open field. This likely underlies the reduced heat expenditure and sodium consumption observed after OEA injection, which disappeared within 1 h. The effects of OEA on motor activity were similar to those of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin and were also observed with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonist Wy-14643. Plasma levels of ghrelin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide 1, and apolipoprotein A-IV were not changed by OEA. Finally, antagonism of CCK-1 receptors did not affect OEA-induced anorexia. These results suggest that OEA suppresses feeding without causing visceral illness and that neither ghrelin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide 1, apolipoprotein A-IV, nor CCK plays a critical role in this effect. Despite that OEA-induced anorexia is unlikely to be due to impaired motor activity, our data raise a cautionary note in how specific behavioral and metabolic effects of OEA should be interpreted.
The role of the secondary cell wall in plant resistance to pathogens (2014)

Plant resistance to pathogens relies on a complex network of constitutive and inducible defensive barriers. The plant cell wall is one of the barriers that pathogens need to overcome to successfully colonize plant tissues. The traditional view of the plant cell wall as a passive barrier has evolved to a concept that considers the wall as a dynamic structure that regulates both constitutive and inducible defense mechanisms, and as a source of signaling molecules that trigger immune responses. The secondary cell walls of plants also represent a carbon-neutral feedstock (lignocellulosic biomass) for the production of biofuels and biomaterials. Therefore, engineering plants with improved secondary cell wall characteristics is an interesting strategy to ease the processing of lignocellulosic biomass in the biorefinery. However, modification of the integrity of the cell wall by impairment of proteins required for its biosynthesis or remodeling may impact the plants resistance to pathogens. This review summarizes our understanding of the role of the plant cell wall in pathogen resistance with a focus on the contribution of lignin to this biological process.
Scheduling recurring radiotherapy appointments in an ion beam facility (2018)

Ion beam radiotherapy is a modern form of cancer treatment that is offered in specialized facilities. Treatment consists of multiple, almost daily irradiation appointments, followed by optional imaging and control assignments. The corresponding problem of scheduling these recurring radiotherapy treatment appointments can be classified as a complex job shop scheduling problem with custom constraints, such as recurring activities, optional activities, and special time window constraints. The objective is to minimize the operation time of the bottleneck resource, the particle beam, while simultaneously minimizing any penalties arising from violations of time window constraints. The authors model the problem mathematically and introduce various customized constraints. Three metaheuristic solution approaches-namely a genetic algorithm with tailor-made feasibility-preserving crossover operators, an iterated local search, and a combination of the two approaches-all perform well on both small and large problem instances. However, the simple combination of the two stand-alone algorithms leads to best results when applied to real-world inspired problem instances.
Fever as a Precipitant of Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation in Patients with Normal Hearts (2004)

We present a series of patients in whom an apparently benign febrile illness was associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias in the absence of cardiac disease or other factors known to precipitate sudden cardiac death. Physicians should be aware of this possible phenomenon in cases of febrile illness associated with syncope.
The phase behavior and solubility relations of the benzene‐water system (1959)

Abstract In order to contribute to knowledge of the nature of the phase behavior of partially miscible liquid systems, a study of the benzene‐water system was undertaken. The pressures at liquid‐ and vapor‐phase boundaries of fifteen mixtures of benzene and water were determined within the temperature range of 200 to 357°C. Along with a complete numerical tabulation, these data are presented graphically as pressure‐temperature, pressure‐composition, and temperature‐composition phase diagrams to show the nature of the boundaries. Up to the three‐phase critical end point, the benzene‐water system develops in a manner usually ascribed to a partially miscible system in which the vapor compositin at a point of univariance lies intermediate to the two liquid compositions. The three‐phase critical end point occurs at 1,364 1b./sq. in. abs. and 268.3°C., and the composition of the critical phase is 25.8 weight % water, with the remaining liquid phase 92.8 weight % water. The pressure, temperature, and composition of the critical solution end point are deduced as 2,300 1b./sq. in. abs., 306.4°C., and 59 weight % water, respectively. At temperatures between these two critical points the phase behavior is likened to that of a dense gas or fluid dissolved in a liquid. Definite limiting values of temperature and pressure are assignable to this behavior by the extension of the three‐phase curve up to the critical solution end point. This extended curve is not a phase boundary, but the temperature and pressure at a given point on the curve represents in a mixture of fixed composition the limit of mutual solubility of the benzene‐rich fluid phase and the water‐rich phase. At a temperature above or a pressure below the given point the liquid phase begins to vaporize. Above the critical solution end point the vapor‐liquid phase boundaries are like those of a normal binary mixture.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC AND MECHANISTIC STUDIES OF THE REDUCTION OF α,β‐UNSATURATED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS BY THE BINUCLEAR CLUSTER, SODIUM HYDROGEN OCTACARBONYLDIFERRATE (1978)

Abstract Die zweikernige Titelhydridverbindung (III) wird quantitativ in einer Zweistufensynthese durch Kondensation von (I) mit Fe(CO) 5 zu (II) und Zugabe von Essigsäure dargestellt.
New Perspectives on Acute Pancreatitis (1992)

The past decade has witnessed considerable changes in the clinical management of acute pancreatitis. Simultaneously, significant advances have been made in understanding the cellular and biochemical events involved in the initiation of this disease. This review summarizes recent clinical and scientific progress regarding acute pancreatitis and suggests areas for future investigation.
Peptoid-Based Reprogrammable Template for Cell-Permeable Inhibitors of Protein–Protein Interactions (2021)

The development of inhibitors of intracellular protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is of great significance for drug discovery, but the generation of a cell-permeable molecule with high affinity to protein is challenging. Oligo(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSGs), referred to as peptoids, are attractive as potential intracellular PPI inhibitors owing to their high membrane permeability. However, their intrinsically flexible backbones make the rational design of inhibitors difficult. Here, we propose a peptoid-based rational approach to develop cell-permeable PPI inhibitors using oligo(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSAs). The rigid structures of oligo-NSAs enable independent optimization of each N-substituent to improve binding affinity and membrane permeability, while preserving the backbone shape. A molecule with optimized N-substituents inhibited a target PPI in cells, which demonstrated the utility of oligo-NSA as a reprogrammable template to develop intracellular PPI inhibitors.
Analysis of blood T‐cell cytokine expression in B‐chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: evidence for increased levels of cytoplasmic IL‐4 in resting and activated CD8 T cells (1997)

The cytoplasmic cytokines of purified blood T cells (CD4/CD8) in B-CLL patients (n = 5) and controls (n = 5) were evaluated by flow cytometry. The mean levels of cytoplasmic IL-4 were significantly elevated in resting and activated B-CLL CD8 cells compared to control CD8 cells. IL-4 cytoplasmic levels were comparable for resting B-CLL and control CD4 cells but greater for B-CLL activated CD4 cells. The mean fluorescence intensity of B-CLL CD8 cytoplasmic IL-4 was 4-5-fold greater, indicating higher IL-4 density per CLL CD8 than control CD8 cells. Both CLL CD4 and CD8 cells post-activation had higher levels of cells double positive for cytoplasmic IL-4 and interferon. These data indicate that freshly isolated CD8 and CD4 blood T cells from B-CLL patients have significantly elevated (above control) levels of commitment to expression of IL-4. Since IL-4 has an important modulatory impact on CLL and normal B cells, this observation has implications regarding the biology of B-CLL.
Single-stage photovoltaic energy conversionsystem (2001)

For a photovoltaic (PV) array, the nonlinear output power relation of dP/dV against V and the near linear relation of dP/dV against I are discussed. Thus, using dP/dV as an index for current control is easier than for voltage control, allowing a simpler design. The current controller is employed in the PV energy conversion system to perform a rapid maximum power point tracking and to provide power to utilities with a unity power factor. As opposed to conventional two-stage designs, a single-stage PV energy conversion system is implemented, resulting in size and weight reduction, and increased efficiency. The proposed system performs a dual function; acting as a solar generator on sunny days and as an active power filter on rainy days. Computer simulations and experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed technique.
Integrated instrumental chain for magnetic pulse measurement in strong static field environment (2006)

This paper describes an integrated analogue instrumental chain dedicated to measuring magnetic pulses with an amplitude of a few tens or hundreds of microteslas, superimposed to a strong static magnetic field, i.e. 1.5T. The system features a silicon Hall sensor with biasing circuitry, DC Hall voltage compensation, amplifying and multistage filtering. Low-noise performances are achieved by applying 100kHz spinning current to the Hall device and chopping at 200kHz to the signal conditioning blocs downstream. The microsystem achieves 20 μT resolution over a 1.6kHz bandwidth extending from 5Hz to 1.6kHz under 1.5T static field.
Hadamard transform image coding (1969)

The introduction of the fast Fourier transform algorithm has led to the development of the Fourier transform image coding technique whereby the two-dimensional Fourier transform of an image is transmitted over a channel rather than the image itself. This devlopement has further led to a related image coding technique in which an image is transformed by a Hadamard matrix operator. The Hadamard matrix is a square array of plus and minus ones whose rows and columns are orthogonal to one another. A high-speed computational algorithm, similar to the fast Fourier transform algorithm, which performs the Hadamard transformation has been developed. Since only real number additions and subtractions are required with the Hadamard transform, an order of magnitude speed advantage is possible compared to the complex number Fourier transform. Transmitting the Hadamard transform of an image rather than the spatial representation of the image provides a potential toleration to channel errors and the possibility of reduced bandwidth transmission.
Impedimetric Biosensor for the Determination of Phospholipase A2 Activity in Snake Venom (2017)

An impedimetric biosensor to determine the activity of phospholipase A2 has been developed for the first time. This biosensor is based on the immobilization of enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from snake venom on the surface of a gold electrode. The enzymatic reaction takes place in the presence of L-α-phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) substrate, in 10 mM pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. The impedance of enzymatically modified electrode/electrolyte interface increased as the concentration of lecithin increases. A detection limit of 10−11 M and a linear range of 10−10 to 10−5 M were obtained. At a fixed concentration of lecithin (10−3 mM), when the PLA2 enzyme with a certain level of activity is injected, the impedance of the enzymatically modified electrode/electrolyte interface changed in the inverse direction, due to the competitive effect of injected PLA2 enzyme. A linear range of 10 to 400 ng/L (corresponding to 16 to 640 U/L) was obtained for commercial naja mossambica mossambica snake venom. The activity of PLA2 from naja cobra snake venom (Origin Thailand) was determined to be 75% of that of naja mossambica mossambica snake venom.
Expression of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, its activator, inhibitors and the c-Met receptor in human cancer cells. (2001)

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), a cytokine associated with cancer cell migration and invasion, is synthesised as pro-HGF/SF and requires activation by factors such as the HGF activator (HGFA). The present study examined the expression of HGF/SF, HGFA, the two inhibitors to HGFA action known as hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitors type 1 and 2 (HAI-1 and HAI-2), and the HGF/SF receptor, c-Met. We examined a variety of normal and cancer cells, which included breast, prostate, colon, bladder, liver, lung, and pancreatic cancer cell lines. The cell lines all displayed different patterns of expression, and in some of the cancer cell lines the concomitant expression of the HGF/SF, c-Met, HGFA and HAI genes was observed. The only cell line to produce a significant amount of HGF/SF was the human fibroblasts (MRC-5) which also co-expressed the c-Met and HGFA genes to allow autocrine regulation of HGF/SF stimulation, and importantly displayed little or no inhibitor presence to suppress the biological function of HGF/SF. The highly invasive breast cancer cells (MDA MB-231) expressed large amounts of both c-Met and HGFA, to enable maximum influence from HGF/SF and did not express the HAI-1 gene at all, which suggests a shift in the activation-inhibition balance to enhance metastatic potential. In contrast, the breast cancer cells of low invasive nature (MCF-7) displayed a low level of c-Met and HGFA expression, while expressing the HAI genes to a high degree. However, there was no correlation between HAI-1 and HAI-2 expression. Interestingly, there appeared to be an inverse correlation between the degree of HGFA and HAI-1 expression, which may influence the metastatic ability of the cancer cells. This study has shown that c-Met, HGF/SF and its activator and inhibitors are expressed in different patterns in cancer cells and in normal cells. The balance between HGF/SF activation and HGFA inhibition is critical to the metastatic potential of the tumour cells, and the invasive nature of the cancer cell lines correlated to the degree of c-Met and/or HGFA presence along with HAI-1 expression.
S0505-1-5 Reduction of Noise in a Wing Profile Centrifugal Blower : The measurement of the flow in air blower (2009)

We focus attention on the noise by a flow by the wing passage colliding in a cut-off. Because the noise causes by a pressure change, We made a flow in the blower visible mainly on the cut-off and carried out PIV analysis. Moreover, by performing the velocity fluctuation measurement using the heat wire current meter, examined a correlation with the pressure of the flow field of the neighborhood of the cut-off. As a result, it was found out that there is the stagnation area and it changes by turning of the wing. It was also found that the peak value of 600Hz rises the motor side in comparison with the inlet side and the velocity fluctuation ingredient tends to grow up.
Experimental Demonstration of Amplifying 14 Orbital Angular Momentum Modes in Ring-Core Erbium-Doped Fiber with High Modal Gain (2021)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an orbital angular momentum (OAM) fiber amplifier supporting 14 OAM modes based on a fabricated ring-core erbium-doped fiber with a core pump configuration acquiring a high modal gain up to 30.32 dB at 1550 nm.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor over‐expression in the forebrain ameliorates Huntington’s disease phenotypes in mice (2007)

Huntington's disease (HD), a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by relatively selective degeneration of striatal neurons, is caused by an expanded polyglutamine tract of the huntingtin (htt) protein. The htt mutation reduces levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the striatum, likely by inhibiting cortical BDNF gene expression and anterograde transport of BDNF from cortex to striatum. However, roles of the BDNF reduction in HD pathogenesis have not been established conclusively. We reasoned that increasing striatal BDNF through over-expression would slow progression of the disease if BDNF reduction plays a pivotal role in HD pathogenesis. We employed a Bdnf transgene driven by the promoter for the alpha subunit of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II to over-express BDNF in the forebrain of R6/1 mice which express a fragment of mutant htt with a 116-glutamine tract. The Bdnf transgene increased BDNF levels and TrkB signaling activity in the striatum, ameliorated motor dysfunction, and reversed brain weight loss in R6/1 mice. Furthermore, it normalized DARPP-32 expression of the 32 kDa dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, increased the number of enkephalin-containing boutons, and reduced formation of neuronal intranuclear inclusions in the striatum of R6/1 mice. These results demonstrate crucial roles of reduced striatal BDNF in HD pathogenesis and suggest potential therapeutic values of BDNF to HD.
Add/Drop Mode-Division Multiplexer Based on a Mach–Zehnder Interferometer and Periodic Waveguides (2015)

Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is currently under study due to its potential to further increase data rates in optical communication circuits. In this paper, we propose an add/drop MDM for the first- and second-order modes that cover the whole C-Band (1.53-1.57 μm). The device is based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, including periodic waveguides in the arms. Mode selectivity is provided by means of the periodic waveguides, which are designed to allow the propagation of the second mode and to reflect the first mode. The proposed device exhibits less than 1 dB insertion loss and more than 30 dB extinction ratio in the whole C-Band. Furthermore, it presents wide fabrication tolerances.
Phthalocyanine Derivatives Specifically Designed for Fabrication of Organic Semiconductor Gas Sensors. (1983)

Abstract : This paper describes studies in which metal-free and metal substituted phthalocyanine films were sublimed onto the surfaces of interdigital electrodes in order to measure the change in the conductivity when the coated electrodes were exposed to a series of test gases. Also reported are data on tetracumylphenoxy and tetraoctadecyl ether derivatives of the metal-free and metal substituted phthalocyanines which were synthesized specifically for use as coating materials to be applied one monolayer at a time by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method. (Author)
A diet rich in n-3 fatty acids could help to control body weight (2008)

A diet rich in n-3 fatty acids could help to control body weight
Homogeneous Solution Reactions of Cellulose, Chitin, and Other Polysaccharides (1980)

In the past, a lack of suitable organic solvents has prevented facile preparation of a wide range of derivatives from unmodified polysaccharides such as chitin and cellulose. Normally synthetic reactions for modification of these natural polymers have been conducted heterogeneously. In the absence of acceptable solvents, characterization of starting materials is difficult and reaction yields are often low due to unfavorable kinetics. Only in those cases in which the substituted products were soluble, have polymer structures been readily identifiable by instrumental analysis. In one successful procedure,(1)however, cellulose was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide in the presence of formaldehyde to yield clear viscous solutions. These methyloylcellulose derivatives were then reacted with anhydrides in the presence of pyridine to form esters.(2) The major advantage of the reported method was that the intermediate methyloylcellulose derivative could be reacted directly without isolation or purification. Recently,-non-aqueous solvent systems for cellulose have been reviewed.(3) Binary systems consisting of
Alkanediyl-.alpha.,.omega.-bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) surfactants. 3. Behavior at the air-water interface (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkanediyl-.alpha.,.omega.-bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) surfactants. 3. Behavior at the air-water interfaceE. Alami, G. Beinert, P. Marie, and R. ZanaCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 6, 1465–1467Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00030a006https://doi.org/10.1021/la00030a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1548Altmetric-Citations468LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts