gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioactive lipids and early inflammatory response in diabetic retinopathy (2015)

Summary Diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) is a leading cause of blindness primarily due to hyperpermeability and subsequent macular edema. Recent studies showed association between dyslipidemia and DR . Diabetic dyslipidemia is characterized by increased arachidonic acid which is converted to inflammatory bioactive lipids via lipoxygenases ( LOX ), cycloxygenase, and cytochrome P450 enzymatic pathways. Our studies focus on the role of 12/15‐ LOX in DR . We have demonstrated upregulation of retinal 12/15‐ LOX and its products, 12‐ and 15‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids ( HETE s), in retina of diabetic human and animals. Interestingly, 12‐ and 15‐ HETE s were the main bioactive lipids generated in cultured human retinal endothelial cells ( HREC ) under hyperglycemia. Intravitreal injection of 12‐ HETE induced DR phenotype in normal mice. Contrary, pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of 12/15‐ LOX attenuated retinal hyperpermeability and inflammation in diabetic mice. 12‐ and 15‐ HETE s also disrupted HREC barrier function, increased leukocyte adhesion, migration and tube formation. This was associated with increased oxidative stress, nitric oxide generation and inflammatory cytokines. Thus, targeting 12/15‐ LOX is a novel therapeutic strategy to treat DR .
Disabled Veterans, the State, and the Experience of Disability in Western Societies, 1914-1950 (2003)

Journal Article Disabled Veterans, the State, and the Experience of Disability in Western Societies, 1914–1950 Get access David A. Gerber David A. Gerber Department of History, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY 14260-4130 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Social History, Volume 36, Issue 4, Summer 2003, Pages 899–916, https://doi.org/10.1353/jsh.2003.0095 Published: 01 July 2003
Photosensitive polymers. I. Cinnamate esters of poly(vinyl alcohol) and cellulose (1959)

Abstract Cinnamic acid esters of poly(vinyl alcohol) and of cellulose are insolubilized by ultraviolet radiation. This response may be increased by the inclusion of simple organic compounds such as Crystal Violet carbinol and Michler's ketone. A method of measuring this response (in terms of a sensitivity value, S ) based upon photographic sensitometry has been devised. Preliminary study indicates that an increase in S is accompanied by an increase in response to the longer wavelengths of light.
A Method for Assessing Auditory Spatial Analysis in Reverberant Multitalker Environments (2016)

This new method appears to be useful for estimating spatial abilities in realistic multitalker scenes. The method is sensitive to the number of sources in the scene, and to effects of sensorineural hearing loss. Further work will be needed to compare this method to more traditional single-source localization tests.
A New Series of Ionic Liquids Based on the Difluorophosphate Anion (2009)

A new series of ionic liquids based on the difluorophosphate anion (PO(2)F(2)(-)) has been synthesized by metathesis from the corresponding chloride. Incorporation of the PO(2)F(2)(-) anion with an N-heterocyclic cation (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIm(+)), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, or 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium (BMPip(+))) produces ionic liquids with low melting points, including some room-temperature ionic liquids. The vibrational frequencies of PO(2)F(2)(-) in the obtained ionic liquids were assigned with the aid of quantum mechanical calculations. The ionic conductivities of the ionic liquids are comparable to those of the corresponding tetrafluoroborate-based ionic liquids (e.g., 12 mS cm(-1) for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium difluorophosphate, [EMIm][PO(2)F(2)]). The stability of ionic liquids against hydrolysis is significantly improved by replacing the hexafluorophosphate anion with the difluorophosphate anion, which suppresses the subsequent liberation of hydrogen fluoride. According to the solvatochromic method, the donor ability of ionic liquids based on PO(2)F(2)(-) is stronger than those of ionic liquids based on BF(4)(-), PF(6)(-), and N(SO(2)CF(3))(2)(-), due to the large negative charge on the oxygen atoms in PO(2)F(2)(-). The electrochemical window of [EMIm][PO(2)F(2)] is around 4.2 V, and the diffusion coefficients of ferrocene in [EMIm][PO(2)F(2)] are 2.83 x 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1) by cyclic voltammetry and 3.03 x 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1) by chronoamperometry, both of which are comparable to those in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIm][BF(4)]). The X-ray structure of [BMPip][PO(2)F(2)] contains two cations and two anions in the asymmetric unit, where one of the two cations is disordered into two positions (chair configurations) even at -173 degrees C. The oxygen atoms in PO(2)F(2)(-) have closer contacts to the hydrogen atoms in BMPip(+) than the fluorine atoms, indicative of their stronger basicity.
Pesticide Residue Analysis in Pond and Canal Water Samples From the Coastal Region of Bangladesh (2019)

Abstract Not Available&#x0D; Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 45(1): 145-149, June 2019
Abstract 352: Optimization of a CRISPR Activation Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Line for Screening of Candidate Regulators of Cardiomyocyte Maturation (2020)

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hPSC-CM) applications for cell therapy and disease modeling are limited due to the cells’ lack of resemblance structurally and functionally to adult cardiomyocytes. To understand hPSC-CM maturation, we characterized two established approaches to mature cardiomyocytes—long term culture (aging of cells in a dish) and in vivo transplantation to an infarcted adult rat heart. RNA sequencing of hPSC-CMs from these systems demonstrated that in vivo transplantation is much more effective in maturing hPSC-CMs, inducing a more adult-like cardiac gene program (e.g. upregulation of TNNI3, MYL2, SCN5A ), compared to cells kept in culture up to one year. Using this dataset, we identified candidate drivers of hPSC-CM maturation, including transcription factors and chromatin regulators, that we hypothesize are necessary to program hPSC-CMs to an adult-like state. To test the relationship between transcription factor regulation and hPSC-CM maturation, we developed a constitutive CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) pluripotent stem cell line to upregulate these transcriptional regulators upon addition of guide RNAs (gRNA). This cell line expresses nuclease-deficient Cas9 fused to the transcriptional activator VPR (dCas9-VPR), driven by the strong CAG promoter and targeted to the AAVS1 safe harbor site. In pluripotent stem cells, target genes are upregulated up to 150-fold when gRNA is present; however, after differentiation into cardiomyocytes, dCas9-VPR transgene expression is silenced, and dCas9-VPR levels are insufficient to activate gRNA-targeted genes. To optimize CRISPRa for cardiomyocyte applications, we are generating alternative stem cell lines with dCas9-VPR targeted to the human ROSA26 safe harbor site or driven by a cardiac-specific troponin T promoter, testing the regulation of transgene expression mediated by safe harbor site or promoter respectively. The characterization of these CRISPRa cell lines provides insights into CRISPR expression regulation and genome engineering strategies for applications in stem cells and hPSC-CMs. We will use this system to screen for maturation regulators and identify key combinations that are effective in programming hPSC-CMs towards an adult-like state.
Synthetic modulators of the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (2013)

Nuclear receptors (NR) are ligand-regulated transcription factors that control the expression of target genes involved in a range of physiological processes such as development, metabolism, and immunity. The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors alpha, beta, and gamma (RORA, RORB, and RORC) comprise a distinct subfamily of nuclear receptors and are considered ‘orphan’ receptors, as they have no known generally agreed upon endogenous ligands, although these receptors do bind to and are modulated by oxysterols. Several recent reports have highlighted the potential role for RORs in human disease, and more importantly, studies have demonstrated that these receptors can be modulated by exogenous synthetic ligands. The identification of potent and selective ROR ligands will allow for a better understanding of the roles of the ROR receptors in human disease, and potentially pave the way for development of novel therapeutics. Here we review the current status of synthetic ligand development from both the primary and patent literature.
Durability of Zephyr Valve treatment: 24-month follow-up in the TRANSFORM Study (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Heterogeneous emphysema patients treated with Zephyr Valves (EBV) in the TRANSFORM Study showed clinically meaningful benefits across multiple outcomes at 3- and 6-months compared to the Control group&nbsp;(AJRCCM.2017;196:1535). Longer-term data are now presented. <b>Aims and Objectives:</b> Evaluate durability of benefit and safety of EBV treatment out to 24-months. <b>Methods:</b> 97 patients (58M/39F; age, 64.3±7.4yrs; FEV<sub>1</sub>, 30.5±8.9%pred.; RV, 247±49%pred.; TLC, 138±17%pred.), with no collateral ventilation (Chartis) were randomized (2:1) to EBV treatment and optimal medical management (n=65) or optimal medical management (n=32). Data at 3- and 6-months has been previously reported. The EBV group was followed beyond 6-months out to 24-months. <b>Results:</b> EBV group showed clinically and statistically significant improvements over baseline in RV, FEV<sub>1</sub>, SGRQ, 6MWD and BODE Index at 18-months (Figure below; values are means±SEM). At 24-months, improvements in RV, FEV<sub>1</sub> (%change), and SGRQ remained clinically and statistically significant. Over this period, the most common adverse event was COPD exacerbation. <b>Conclusions:</b> Zephyr Valve treatment in patients with severe heterogeneous emphysema provides durable benefit in lung function and quality of life to at least 24-months with an acceptable safety profile. These improvements are contrasted by an expected decrease in these measures over 24 months given the disease progression.
MRI of Neuronal Recovery after Low-Dose Methamphetamine Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats (2013)

We assessed the effects of low dose methamphetamine treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats by employing MRI, immunohistology, and neurological functional tests. Young male Wistar rats were subjected to TBI using the controlled cortical impact model. The treated rats (n = 10) received an intravenous (iv) bolus dose of 0.42 mg/kg of methamphetamine at eight hours after the TBI followed by continuous iv infusion for 24 hrs. The control rats (n = 10) received the same volume of saline using the same protocol. MRI scans, including T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), were performed one day prior to TBI, and at 1 and 3 days post TBI, and then weekly for 6 weeks. The lesion volumes of TBI damaged cerebral tissue were demarcated by elevated values in T2 maps and were histologically identified by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values within regions-of-interest (ROI) were measured in FA maps deduced from DTI, and were directly compared with Bielschowsky's silver and Luxol fast blue (BLFB) immunohistological staining. No therapeutic effect on lesion volumes was detected during 6 weeks after TBI. However, treatment significantly increased FA values in the recovery ROI compared with the control group at 5 and 6 weeks after TBI. Myelinated axons histologically measured using BLFB were significantly increased (p<0.001) in the treated group (25.84±1.41%) compared with the control group (17.05±2.95%). Significant correlations were detected between FA and BLFB measures in the recovery ROI (R = 0.54, p<0.02). Methamphetamine treatment significantly reduced modified neurological severity scores from 2 to 6 weeks (p<0.05) and foot-fault errors from 3 days to 6 weeks (p<0.05) after TBI. Thus, the FA data suggest that methamphetamine treatment improves white matter reorganization from 5 to 6 weeks after TBI in rats compared with saline treatment, which may contribute to the observed functional recovery.
Biliary reflux and non-acid reflux are two distinct phenomena: A comparison between 24-hour multichannel intraesophageal impedance and bilirubin monitoring (2007)

Our study confirms that biliary reflux and non-acid reflux as detected by Bilitec and by IIM, respectively, are two distinct phenomena that require different techniques in order to be assessed in humans.
Field Performance Evaluation of Class C Fly Ash in Full-Depth Reclamation: Case History Study (2004)

Class C fly ash is a coal combustion product from lignite or subbituminous coal obtained as a result of the power generation process. In recent years, efforts were taken to incorporate self-cementing fly ash into fulldepth reclaimed (FDR) material to improve the structural capacity of asphalt pavement base layers. In this study, existing asphalt pavement in County Trunk Highway (CTH) "JK" in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, was pulverized in place and mixed with fly ash and water to function as a base course. To evaluate the contribution of fly ash to the structural performance of the pavement, nondestructive deflection tests were performed with a KUAB 2m falling weight deflectometer on the outer wheelpath 4 days and 1 year after construction. The modulus of fly ash- stabilized FDR base course increased by 49% 1 year after construction. The structural capacity of the fly ash-stabilized FDR base course in CTH JK also has increased significantly as it ages, because of the pozzolanic reaction. The results of this study indicate that the FDR mixes with selfcementing fly ash may provide an economical method of recycling flexible pavements and reduce the need for expensive new granular base courses for road reconstruction.
Magnetoelectric Polarizability and Axion Electrodynamics in Crystalline Insulators (2009)

The orbital motion of electrons in a three-dimensional solid can generate a pseudoscalar magnetoelectric coupling theta, a fact we derive for the single-particle case using a recent theory of polarization in weakly inhomogeneous materials. This polarizability theta is the same parameter that appears in the "axion electrodynamics" Lagrangian DeltaL_{EM}=(thetae;{2}/2pih)E.B, which is known to describe the unusual magnetoelectric properties of the three-dimensional topological insulator (theta=pi). We compute theta for a simple model that accesses the topological insulator and discuss its connection to the surface Hall conductivity. The orbital magnetoelectric polarizability can be generalized to the many-particle wave function and defines the 3D topological insulator, like the integer quantum Hall effect, in terms of a topological ground-state response function.
Embedment of structural monitoring algorithms in a wireless sensing unit (2003)

Complementing recent advances made in the field of structural health monitoring and damage detection, the concept of a wireless sensing network with distributed computational power is proposed. The fundamental building block of the proposed sensing network is a wireless sensing unit capable of acquiring measurement data, interrogating the data and transmitting the data in real time. The computational core of a prototype wireless sensing unit can potentially be utilized for execution of embedded engineering analyses such as damage detection and system identification. To illustrate the computational capabilities of the proposed wireless sensing unit, the fast Fourier transform and auto-regressive time-series modeling are locally executed by the unit. Fast Fourier transforms and auto-regressive models are two important techniques that have been previously used for the identification of damage in structural systems. Their embedment illustrates the computational capabilities of the prototype wireless sensing unit and suggests strong potential for unit installation in automated structural health monitoring systems.
Lithography and Other Patterning Techniques for Future Electronics As integrated circuits continue to go smaller, laying down circuit patterns on semiconductor material becomes more expensive and new techniques are needed. (2008)

For all technologies, from flint arrowheads to DNA microarrays, patterning the functional material is crucial. For semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs), it is even more critical than for most technologies because enormous benefits accrue to going smaller, notably higher speed and much less energy consumed per computing function. The consensus is that ICs will continue to be manufactured until at least theB22 nm node( (the linewidth of an equal line-space pattern). Most patterning of ICs takes place on the wafer in two steps: a) lithography, the patterning of a resist film on top of the functional material; and b) transferring the resist pattern into the functional material, usually by etching. Here we concentrate on lithography. Optics has continued to be the chosen lithographic route despite its continually forecast demise. A combination of 193-nm radia- tion, immersion optics, and computer-intensive resolution enhancement technology will probably be used for the 45- and 32-nm nodes. Optical lithography usually requires that we first make a mask and then project the mask pattern onto a resist-coated wafer. Making a qualified mask, although origi- nally dismissed as a Bsupport technology,( now represents a significant fraction of the total cost of patterning an IC largely because of the measures needed to push resolution so far beyond the normal limit of optical resolution. Thus, although optics has demonstrated features well below 22 nm, it is not clear that optics will be the most economical in this range; nanometer-scale mechanical printing is a strong contender, extreme ultraviolet is still the official front runner, and electron beam lithography, which has demonstrated minimum features less than 10 nm wide, continues to be developed both for mask making and for directly writing on the wafer (also known as Bmaskless lithography(). Going from laboratory demonstra- tion to manufacturing technology is enormously expensive (9 $1 billion) and for good reason. Just in terms of data rate (mask pattern to resist pattern), today's exposure tools achieve about 10 Tb/s at an allowable error rate of about 1/h; this data rate will double with each generation. In addition, the edge placement precision required will soon be 30 parts per billion. There are so many opportunities for unacceptable perfor- mance that making the right decision goes far beyond under- standing the underlying physical principles. But the benefits of continuing to be able to manufacture electronics at the 22-nm node and beyond appear to justify the investment, and there is no shortage of ideas on how to accomplish this.
Assessing Value for Product Family Design and Selection (1999)

Abstract A platform is the set of elements and interfaces that are common to a family of products. We have previously presented a method for designing product families based on platforms that quantifies performance and cost metrics. That approach allows a team of engineers to design and evaluate candidate platforms, given perfect understanding of the designs and requirements. In this paper we present a model to account for uncertainty present during the development of those product families. Real options concepts are introduced to model the risks and delayed decision benefits present under uncertainty in technologies, funding, etc. We develop a quantitative measure of the value to the company for different family designs, and apply it to select the most appropriate design from the possible alternatives. An application to the design of platform-based families of spacecraft is shown. Results from the models indicated the platforms that were most valuable to the company under different scenarios, as well as the sensitivity of the value of each design to different uncertainty factors.
New results on the capacity of M-ary PPM ultra-wideband systems (2004)

In this paper, some new results on the capacity of a typical M-ary pulse position modulation (M-PPM) time hopping (TH) ultra-wideband (UWB) systems are presented. Previous results using a "pure PPM model" are proven to exaggerate the real capacity of a UWB system. Based on an extended model containing correlator and soft decision decoding, the capacity is evaluated in the single-user case and in the case of a system with asynchronous multiple user interference (MUI) when the inputs are equiprobable. It is found that only when bit- signal-to-noise ratio (bit-SNR) is high enough, larger M leads to higher capacity; and for a specific M, the optimal values of PPM time offset parameter T/sub d/, which maximizes the capacity, are independent of bit-SNR. The influence of MUI on capacity is detrimental, especially in the case of high bit-SNR.
Effect of Probiotics on Constipation, Fecal Azoreductase Activity and Fecal Mucin Content in the Elderly (2002)

Some relief from constipation may be observed with the combination of L. rhamnosus/P. freudenreichii. This probiotic combination also reduced fecal enzyme activity. The tested probiotics did not affect the mucosal barrier.
Optimizing recovery and cloning of positive bands in AFLP analysis (2000)

The veracity of cloning positive bands in AFLP analysis was increased via cutting the large AFLP gel into a small slice,little overexposure,checking the fragment size of cloning with page replacing agarose gel electrophoresis.This method is normally suitable to recovery and cloning of positive bands from denaturing and nondenaturing page gel.
Learning to Communicate with Humans (2016)

For nearly seven years, I worked in a lab that studied language, cognition, and memory in captive great apes, bonobos specifically. What follows is inspired by my time there and seeks to address certain truths I witnessed in the apes, but could not uncover or illuminate through a purely scientific lens. It should also, I hope, aspire to illuminate certain truths about humanity as well. This thesis is composed of two pieces. The first is a nonfiction essay, “Worry”, which draws directly from my own experience, retelling a day when I made a potentially dire mistake and was granted an unimaginable kind of forgiveness. “Worry” was selected as a finalist for the Jeffrey E. Smith Editor’s Prize in Nonfiction 2016 by the Missouri Review. It is published in that journal’s Spring 2016 issue.The second piece is the beginning of a novel-length work, “Learning to Communicate with Humans”, that is pure fiction. Although it is inspired by my work at the lab, all of the events and characters are creations of pure imagination. Note: This thesis is under a author requested embargo until 2216, after which it will become available in accordance with end of expected copyright protection. This embargo year is intentional and not an error.