gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design optimization of a practical ESD protection circuit by CAD: a case study (2003)

This paper reports design optimization of a practical ESD protection circuit by ESD simulation. A compact ESD protection structure was designed for a transceiver chip. Chip malfunction was observed in tests. ESD simulation and measurement measures showed the malfunction was caused by large substrate current induced early-triggering of the ESD devices. Solutions were provided to optimize the chip. It shows that ESD simulation is a powerful means in conducting practical ESD protection designs.
Accessing, managing, and mobilizing an ELAN-based language documentation corpus: the Kwaras and Namuti tools (2019)

This paper introduces Kwaras and Namuti, two new tools for building, managing, accessing, and mobilizing ELAN-based language documentation corpora. Kwaras integrates WAV files, ELAN annotations, and document metadata into a web-based corpus, allowing immediate access to annotations and recordings. Namuti builds from Kwaras and enables different uses of language documentation products for different audiences and provides links from linguistic analyses to language documentation corpora. The main goal of these new tools is three-fold: (i) to facilitate the use of language documentation in linguistic analysis; (ii) to increase transparency of documentation-based analyses, providing interested users full access to the data on which generalizations are based and contextualization of the projects that generated the data; and (iii) to enable uses of language corpora that may serve the interests of multiple stakeholders, including academic researchers and community members interested in language maintenance and revitalization. We provide a basic overview of how Kwaras and Namuti work, lay out instructions on how to download and use Kwaras, and discuss what uses it currently supports. This article also issues a call for increased collaboration between linguists, community members, language activists, and software developers to further develop these and other similar resources.
Numerical implementation of constitutive model for arterial layers with distributed collagen fibre orientations (2013)

Several constitutive models have been proposed for the description of mechanical behaviour of soft tissues containing collagen fibres. Some of the commonly used approaches accounting for the dispersion of fibre orientations are based on the summation of (mechanical) contributions of differently oriented fibre families. This leads to the need of numerical integration on the sphere surface, and the related numerical consumption is the main disadvantage of this category of constitutive models. The paper is focused on the comparison of various numerical integration methods applied to a specific constitutive model applicable for arterial walls. Robustness and efficiency of several integration rules were tested with respect to application in finite element (FE) codes. Among all the analysed numerical integration rules, the best results were reached by Lebedev quadrature; the related parameters for the specific constitutive model are presented in the paper. The results were implemented into the commercial FE code ANSYS via user subroutines, and their applicability was demonstrated by an example of FE simulation with non-homogenous stress field.
Synthesis and Analgesic Activity of η6‐(Anisole)‐ Triscarbonyl‐Chromium(0) (1998)

The general method for synthesis the eta(6)-(arene)-triscarbonyl-chromium(0) complexes was modified and applied for preparation of eta(6)-(anisole)-triscarbonyl-chromium(0) and the study of its analgesic activity was undertaken. A significant analgesic activity was observed after intraperitoneal injection, in Wistar rats. Two doses (30 and 50 mg/Kg of the body weight) of eta(6)-(anisole)- triscarbonyl-chromium(0) were injected and the analgesic activity was evaluated by the Hot Plate Test method. They showed a significant analgesic effect in comparison with the control group and the group treated with dipyrone standard, but not so high when compared with the group treated with morphine standard. Overall, it was observed that the eta(6)-(anisole)- triscarbonyl-chromium(0) was easily obtained by the modified synthetic method and was effective in increasing the pain threshold.
Expression of GIRK (Kir3.1/Kir3.4) channels in mouse fibroblast cells with and without β1 integrins (2000)

G protein-activated K+ channel (GIRK) subunits possess a conserved extracellular integrin-binding motif (RGD) and bind directly to beta1 integrins. We expressed GIRK1/GIRK4 channels labeled with green fluorescent protein in fibroblast cell lines expressing or lacking beta1 integrins. Neither plasma membrane localization nor agonist-evoked GIRK currents were affected by the absence of beta1 integrins or by incubation with externally applied RGD-containing peptide. Mutation of the aspartate (D) of RGD impaired currents, GIRK glycosylation, and membrane localization, but the interaction with beta1 integrins remained intact. Thus, beta1 integrins are not essential for functional GIRK expression; and the GIRK-integrin interactions involve structural elements other than the RGD motif.
Correction of abnormal B-cell subset distribution by interleukin-6 receptor blockade in polymyalgia rheumatica (2017)

In patients with PMR, B-cell lymphopenia and abnormal B-cell subset distribution are associated with disease activity and IL-6 concentration, and both are corrected by the IL-6 antagonist tocilizumab.
Performance of Blended TiS2/Sulfur/Carbon Cathodes in Lithium-Sulfur Cells (2012)

The preparation and electrochemical testing of blended TiS2/sulfur/carbon cathodes in lithium-sulfur cells is described in this paper. TiS2, sulfur and carbon were combined in various ratios and the resulting electrodes were investigated regarding their reversible capacity and degradation behavior in lithium-sulfur cells. The capacity of corresponding cathodes depends on the amount of TiS2 used. The maximum capacity was somewhat lower (compared to sulfur/carbon cathodes) when TiS2 was added, but it was observed that TiS2 improved the pulse power capability of corresponding lithium-sulfur cells.
P2Proxy: Peer-to-Peer Proxy Caching Scheme for VOD Service (2006)

In this paper, we propose a new scalable proxy caching scheme, called P2Proxy, for efficient multimedia streaming service in P2P environment. The proposed P2Proxy scheme is composed of a group of clients that requests the same media stream in a server. Each client in the group stores a different part of the stream through a regular channel into its local buffer starting at the beginning of the request until the client buffer becomes full. A client receives the request stream from other clients as long as the parts of the stream are available in the client group. The only missing parts of the stream which are not in the client group are received directly from the server through the other patching channel. All clients in the group share the parts of the media stream. Our simulation results show that the proposed P2Proxy scheme outperforms the existing scheme with respect to the server bandwidth requirement for varying request interval and client buffer size.
Pressure-temperature effects on knock with iso-octane and propane at various compression ratios and intake temperatures (2023)

Knock remains one of the main limitations for increased internal combustion engine efficiency. Recent trends in light-duty vehicles towards downsized, boosted engines increases the need for improving the understanding between fuel chemistry and thermodynamic effects contributing to knock. Previous studies have shown the importance of end-gas thermodynamic conditions on knock onset and behavior, with relationships to fuel chemistry illustrated. However, a complete understanding of how fuels allow access to higher engine loads and the governing physics behind end-gas knock under a wide range of thermodynamic conditions is still unclear. Experiments in this work improve this understanding with the use of three fuels (1) iso-octane, a low octane sensitivity (OS) fuel (2) a Co-Optima aromatic core fuel, which has similar research octane number (RON) yet significantly higher OS, and (3) propane, known for its knock resistance. Engine load sweeps are conducted with each fuel while maintaining a CA50 of 8 crank angle degrees after top dead center (°CA aTDCf). As load increases and knock onset is observed, spark is delayed to its knock limited spark advance (KLSA) allowing further increases in load until either one of two limits is reached; (1) CA50 retard limit (2) Peak cylinder pressure limit. Experiments are conducted at 40°C and 90°C intake temperature and at two distinct compression ratios (rc) 9.2:1 and 13.6:1. Two-zone zero-dimensional simulations were performed in Chemkin to extract end-gas pressure and temperature conditions through the combustion process for each experimental condition of interest. CA50 response as a function of engine load is compared for all experimental conditions and fuels, and a pressure-temperature (PT) trajectory analysis is conducted using constant volume ignition delay contours to explain the behavior of each fuel.
Visitation to Cottonseed Storage Sites by Feral Swine and Evidence of Gossypol Exposure (2010)

Texas ranks first in U.S. cotton production, and southern Texas is a major region of production within the state. Within Kleberg County, for example, approximately 16,147 ha are planted in cotton annually, yielding approximately 68,200 bales, or 15,467 metric tons, of cotton (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA] 2009). Cotton producers have discovered new uses for cotton ginned by-products, such as hydro-mulch (Holt et al. 2005) used as a protein supplement for range livestock (DelCurto et al. 2000) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; Cooper 2006). Because of this, much of the materials are temporarily stored for later use.
A Novel Approach for the Development of Selective Cdk4 Inhibitors:  Library Design Based on Locations of Cdk4 Specific Amino Acid Residues (2001)

Identification of a selective inhibitor for a particular protein kinase without inhibition of other kinases is critical for use as a biological tool or drug. However, this is very difficult because there are hundreds of homologous kinases and their kinase domains including the ATP binding pocket have a common folding pattern. To address this issue, we applied the following structure-based approach for designing selective Cdk4 inhibitors: (1) identification of specifically altered amino acid residues around the ATP binding pocket in Cdk4 by comparison of 390 representative kinases, (2) prediction of appropriate positions to introduce substituents in lead compounds based on the locations of the altered amino acid residues and the binding modes of lead compounds, and (3) library design to interact with the altered amino acid residues supported by de novo design programs. Accordingly, Asp99, Thr102, and Gln98 of Cdk4, which are located in the p16 binding region, were selected as first target residues for specific interactions with Cdk4. Subsequently, the 5-position of the pyrazole ring in the pyrazol-3-ylurea class of lead compound (2a) was predicted to be a suitable position to introduce substituents. We then designed a chemical library of pyrazol-3-ylurea substituted with alkylaminomethyl groups based on the output structures of de novo design programs. Thus we identified a highly selective and potent Cdk4 inhibitor, 15b, substituted with a 5-chloroindan-2-ylaminomethyl group. Compound 15b showed higher selectivity on Cdk4 over those on not only Cdk1/2 (780-fold/190-fold) but also many other kinases (>430-fold) that have been tested thus far. The structural basis for Cdk4 selective inhibition by 15b was analyzed by combining molecular modeling and the X-ray analysis of the Cdk4 mimic Cdk2-inhibitor complex. The results suggest that the hydrogen bond with the carboxyl group of Asp99 and hydrophobic van der Waals contact with the side chains of Thr102 and Gln98 are important. Compound 15b was found to cause cell cycle arrest of the Rb(+) cancer cell line in the G(1) phase, indicating that it is a good biological tool.
Metabolic remodeling in human colorectal cancer and surrounding tissues: alterations in regulation of mitochondrial respiration and metabolic fluxes (2015)

The aim of the work was to evaluate whether or not there is glycolytic reprogramming in the neighboring cells of colorectal cancer (CRC). Using postoperative material we have compared the functional capacity of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in CRC cells, their glycolytic activity and their inclination to aerobic glycolysis, with those of the surrounding and healthy colon tissue cells. Experiments showed that human CRC cannot be considered a hypoxic tumor, since the malignancy itself and cells surrounding it exhibited even higher rates of OXPHOS than healthy large intestine. The absence of acute hypoxia in colorectal carcinomas was also confirmed by their practically equal glucose-phosphorylating capacity as compared with surrounding non-tumorous tissue and by upregulation of VEGF family and their ligands. Studies indicated that human CRC cells <i>in vivo</i> exert a strong distant effect on the energy metabolism of neighboring cells, so that they acquire the bioenergetic parameters specific to the tumor itself. The growth of colorectal carcinomas was associated with potent downregulation of the creatine kinase system. As compared with healthy colon tissue, the tumor surrounding cells display upregulation of OXPHOS and have high values of basal and ADP activated respiration rates. Strong differences between the normal and CRC cells in the affinity of their mitochondria for ADP were revealed; the corresponding <i>K</i><sub>m</sub> values were measured as 93.6±7.7 µM for CRC cells and 84.9±9.9 µM for nearby tissue; both these apparent <i>K</i><sub>m</sub> (ADP) values were considerably (by almost 3 times) lower in comparison with healthy colon tissue cells (256±34 µM).
Development of empirical and analytical reaction wheel disturbance models (1999)

Accurate disturbance models are necessary to predict the effects of vibrations on the performance of precision space-based telescopes, such as the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM). There are many possible disturbance sources on such a spacecraft, but the reaction wheel assembly (RWA) is anticipated to be the largest. The following paper presents two types of reaction wheel disturbance models: a steady-state empirical model that assumes the disturbances consist of discrete harmonics of the wheel speed, and a non-linear analytical model that physically captures the internal flexibilities and fundamental harmonic of an unbalanced wheel. A MATLAB toolbox is designed to facilitate the extraction of the empirical model parameters from steady-state RWA disturbance data. Experimental data obtained from tests of two off-the-shelf RWA’s manufactured by Ithaca Space Systems are used to illustrate the modeling process and validate the model. The empirical model captures the tonal quality of RWA disturbances but does not include the amplification of disturbances caused by the structural wheel modes. Therefore, an analytical model is developed using energy methods, and preliminary results of on-going research show that interactions between the flexible wheel modes and the harmonic disturbances are captured. In addition, the empirical model parameters are used to incorporate harmonics other than the fundamental to the analytical model.
Fabrication of Multiple Slit Using Stacked-Sliced Method for Hard X-ray Talbot–Lau Interferometer (2008)

We propose using a multiple slit fabricated by a simple and economical stacked-sliced method for X-ray phase imaging with a Talbot–Lau X-ray interferometer. Foils of Ta and Al were stacked alternately, and the stack was sliced up perpendicular to the stacking direction. We successfully fabricated a hard X-ray multiple slit with a space size (Al foil thickness) of about 10 µm and an aspect ratio of 60. Optical microscopy evaluation showed its regular pitch pattern at its surface. A high-resolution X-ray transmission image proved the regularity of the inner part. The visibility of moiré fringes and the phase-contrast image obtained using the Talbot–Lau interferometer with the multiple slit proved the feasibility of the stacked-sliced approach.
Spectrally Efficient DP-1024QAM 640 Gb/s Long Haul Transmission using a Frequency Comb (2020)

We experimentally investigate the long haul transmission of an 8 GBd DP-1024QAM over fully Raman amplified fiber spans using an optical frequency comb. We reach a potential spectral efficiency of 8.7 bit/s/Hz at 3000 km transmission and a potential data rate of 640 Gb/s.
Low temperature Cu-Cu direct bonding by (111) oriented nano-twin Cu (2017)

In this study, a low temperature solid state diffusion bonding process with (111) highly oriented nano-twined Cu (nt-Cu) was proposed. A less void bonding interface was observed reveals a good bonding quality for the bonded samples. In addition, a large quasi-single grain was identified in the bondedfilm. Based on these results, it is believed that high strength and durable bonding structure can be accomplished by bonding two highly (111)-oriented nt-Cu films.
A Practical Semidynamic Clustering Scheme Using Affinity Propagation in Cooperative Picocells (2014)

Coordinated multipoint (CoMP) is corroborated to be an effective technology in mitigating cochannel interference (CCI) and enhancing system performance in picocell systems, which consist of a large number of pico base stations (BSs). In picocell systems, effective CoMP clustering schemes could provide significant gains of system performance such as throughput and cell-edge spectrum efficiency (SE). Moreover, an intrinsic problem of densely deployed networks is the cost of signaling overhead and data exchange between BSs in clusters. In this paper, a novel semidynamic clustering scheme based on affinity propagation for CoMP-Pico is presented to maximize user SE and throughput under the constraint of backhaul cost. Our proposed scheme consists of online and offline stages that can achieve good performance and low complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme yields significant gains of SE and throughput and low running time compared with the existing clustering schemes.
The Stirring Effects of a Fluidized Bed on a First Order Chemical Reaction (1968)

3インチ管流動層において撹拌効果を研究し, 流体の滞留時間分布E (t) および流体。粉体間の接触時間分布C (t) を求めた結果, E (t) は完全混合槽の並列または直列モデルで表現され, 玄たC(t) は完全混合槽の並列モデルで衷現された。撹拌効果は層高が比較的大きい場合, 顕著に認められた。つぎに, C (t) より不均一系一次反応転化率を推算した結果, 層高8cmの場合のクメンの接触分解反応実測結果をよく説明した。
Structural models of the different trimers present in the core of phycobilisomes from Gracilaria chilensis based on crystal structures and sequences (2017)

Phycobilisomes (PBS) are accessory light harvesting protein complexes that directionally transfer energy towards photosystems. Phycobilisomes are organized in a central core and rods radiating from it. Components of phycobilisomes in Gracilaria chilensis (Gch) are Phycobiliproteins (PBPs), Phycoerythrin (PE), and Phycocyanin (PC) in the rods, while Allophycocyanin (APC) is found in the core, and linker proteins (L). The function of such complexes depends on the structure of each component and their interaction. The core of PBS from cyanobacteria is mainly composed by cylinders of trimers of α and β subunits forming heterodimers of Allophycocyanin, and other components of the core including subunits αII and β18. As for the linkers, Linker core (LC) and Linker core membrane (LCM) are essential for the final emission towards photoreaction centers. Since we have previously focused our studies on the rods of the PBS, in the present article we investigated the components of the core in the phycobilisome from the eukaryotic algae, Gracilaria chilensis and their organization into trimers. Transmission electron microscopy provided the information for a three cylinders core, while the three dimensional structure of Allophycocyanin purified from Gch was determined by X-ray diffraction method and the biological unit was determined as a trimer by size exclusion chromatography. The protein sequences of all the components of the core were obtained by sequencing the corresponding genes and their expression confirmed by transcriptomic analysis. These subunits have seldom been reported in red algae, but not in Gracilaria chilensis. The subunits not present in the crystallographic structure were modeled to build the different composition of trimers. This article proposes structural models for the different types of trimers present in the core of phycobilisomes of Gch as a first step towards the final model for energy transfer in this system.
Selection of animals for reproductive toxicology studies: An evaluation of selected assumptions in reproductive toxicity testing and risk assessment (2020)

Reproductive toxins are divided into two major categories, direct and indirect acting. This chapter suggests a working definition for reproductive toxins, and focuses on some assumptions used in reproductive toxicology risk assessment. The assumptions used in reproductive toxicology risk assessment are equal sensitivity of humans and animals and destruction of germ cells by mutagens. The chapter provides one approach to developing methods for reproductive risk assessment in human populations based on the understanding of the regulation of fecundity and fertility. One of the critical issues in reproductive toxicology for risk assessment is the identification of the site and mechanism of action of compounds which alter reproductive function. It is useful to focus on the comparative reproductive toxicity of cyclophosphamide (CTX) in primates, subhuman primates and rodents. The chapter explores the age-dependent difference in ovarian response to CTX using a rodent model.
Proving Unrealizability for Syntax-Guided Synthesis (2019)

We consider the problem of automatically establishing that a given syntax-guided-synthesis (SyGuS) problem is unrealizable (i.e., has no solution). Existing techniques have quite limited ability to establish unrealizability for general SyGuS instances in which the grammar describing the search space contains infinitely many programs. By encoding the synthesis problem’s grammar G as a nondeterministic program $$P_G$$ , we reduce the unrealizability problem to a reachability problem such that, if a standard program-analysis tool can establish that a certain assertion in $$P_G$$ always holds, then the synthesis problem is unrealizable. Our method can be used to augment existing SyGuS tools so that they can establish that a successfully synthesized program q is optimal with respect to some syntactic cost—e.g., q has the fewest possible if-then-else operators. Using known techniques, grammar G can be transformed to generate the set of all programs with lower costs than q—e.g., fewer conditional expressions. Our algorithm can then be applied to show that the resulting synthesis problem is unrealizable. We implemented the proposed technique in a tool called nope. nope can prove unrealizability for 59/132 variants of existing linear-integer-arithmetic SyGuS benchmarks, whereas all existing SyGuS solvers lack the ability to prove that these benchmarks are unrealizable, and time out on them.