gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency multiplexed intensity modulated diffuse reflectance system for quantification of tissue and arterial oxygen saturation (2019)

Pulse oximeter has been a widely used instrument in hospitals or household for measuring arterial oxygen saturation value. Its annual global market value has exceeded USD 1 billion and is still growing. There are two main shortcomings in most pulse oximeters on the market: 1. database based algorithm limits the range of precision, and 2. incapable of measuring tissue oxygen saturation related to local tissue oxygen exchange condition. We developed a 3-wavelength frequency multiplexed intensity modulated diffuse reflectance system in which the modulation frequencies of the 3 light sources are different so that the light reflectance at the 3 wavelengths can be collected by the detector simultaneously. This allows us achieving determination of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients at the 3 wavelengths of the exactly same instant of time and this can lead to accurate quantification of tissue and arterial oxygen saturations. This technique works in conjunction with a photon diffusion equation and does not need to build a database in advance to calculate arterial oxygen saturation. In addition, capability of this system in measuring tissue oxygen saturation would facilitate swift monitoring of local tissue blood circulation.
Unexpectedly enhanced stereoselectivity of peroxidase‐catalyzed sulfoxidation in branched alcohols (2002)

Lyophilized horseradish peroxidase (HRP) exhibits poor stereoselectivity in the sulfoxidation of thioanisole when the enzyme is either redissolved in water or suspended in organic solvents. However, when HRP is co-lyophilized in the presence of lyoprotectants or ligands, its stereoselectivity, although still low in most organic solvents, increases up to 4-fold if assayed in secondary or tertiary alcohols (but not in their linear isomers). A mechanistic hypothesis is presented explaining this puzzling phenomenon on the basis of a model of the active site of the enzyme-substrate complex derived from its X-ray crystal structure by means of molecular dynamics and energy minimization.
Benzothiadiazine Dioxide Dibenzyl Derivatives as Potent Human Cytomegalovirus Inhibitors:  Synthesis and Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (2000)

The benzothiadiazine dioxide (BTD) derivatives are potent nonnucleoside human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) inhibitors. As part of our comprehensive structure-activity relationship study of these compounds, we have now synthesized N,N- and N,O-dibenzyl derivatives with different para-substituents (alkyl, phenyl, electron-donating, electron-withdrawing) in the phenyl ring of the benzyl moieties. The antiviral activity against HCMV (AD-169 strain) was also experimentally measured showing IC(50) values between 2.5 and 50 microM. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was employed to generate a model, based upon 32 diverse BTD derivatives, to delineate structural and electrostatic features important for enhanced activity against HCMV. The steric (van der Waals) interactions with the receptor majoritary describes the variation in antiviral activity among the inhibitors. Finally, the CoMFA model was used to design two sets of novel BTD derivatives. Synthesis and subsequent anti-HCMV evaluation of these compounds enabled us to maintain the activity of this new kind of HCMV inhibitors.
A transplantable tumor model allowing investigation of NY-BR-1-specific T cell responses in HLA-DRB1*0401 transgenic mice (2019)

This study introduces the first H2-D<sup>b</sup>-resctricted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell epitope-specific for the human breast cancer associated tumor antigen NY-BR-1. Our novel, partially humanized tumor model enables investigation of the interplay between HLA-DR4-restricted T cell responses and CTLs within their joint attack of NY-BR-1 expressing tumors.
Calibration algorithm for eyetracking with unrestricted head movement (2007)

This article reports a calibration procedure that enables researchers to track movements of the eye while allowing relatively unrestricted head and/or body movement. The eye-head calibration algorithm calculates fixation point based on eye-position data acquired by a head-mounted eyetracker and corresponding head-position data acquired by a 3-D motion-tracking system. In a single experiment, we show that this procedure provides robust eye-position estimates while allowing free head movement. Although several companies offer ready-made systems for this purpose, there is no literature available that makes it possible for researchers to explore the details of the calibration procedures used by these systems. By making such details available, we hope to facilitate the development of cost-effective, nonproprietary eyetracking solutions.
Holographic Multiplication in One Exposure by the Use of a Multibeam Reference Field (1973)

A method of holographic formation useful for multiplication of holographic images is presented. The problem is solved by the use of a multibeam reference field. This method is different from the multiplication methods already discussed in the literature. The proposed method allows the multiplication of images of special objects and the distribution of multiplied images in different planes.
Electric Machines (2003)

In this chapter, model-based control designs are developed for electric machines that are typically described by (i) electrical subsystem dynamics that include all of the relevant electrical effects, (ii) an algebraic torque coupling that represents the electrical to mechanical energy conversion, and (iii) mechanical subsystem dynamics that may include the rotor and position dependent load dynamics. A block diagram that illustrates the interconnection of these coupled nonlinear dynamics is given in Figure 3.1.
Entwicklungen in der Herstellung und Anwendung von Celluloseethern (1997)

Cellulose ethers are produced industrially for about 60 years, whereby water soluble derivatives became mosf accepted The aim of the cellulose etherification is to disturb the tight connection of hydrogen bridges by the implementation of small substituents and so to develop the hydrophilic character of cellulose. Four technically available reagents impart different properties to the products and predestinate them to special fields of application. The use of monochloroacetic acid or of the sodium salt gives the anionic carboxymethylcellulose. By ethylenoxide the non-ionic hydroxyethylcellulose is formed. Methylchloride imparts a more hydrophobic character to the resulting methylcellulose what can be compensated by a mixed etherification with ethylenoxide or propylenoxide to adjust complete solubility in water. In all three cases sodium hydroxide is used as a reaction partner. The technical processes have basic principals in common.They have been adapted to the properties of the different ethers and have been optimized in a variety of directions. The selection of technical units has to consider not only pros and cons of these but also the interconnection of the single production steps. Simultaneously to the optimization of the processes the quality of the products has been developed further, partly by special derivatisation Besides this the adjustment of the molecular weight, of the grain size distribution, and of the compounding ingredients is of important influence on the quality performance.
Innovative Approach to Non-Uniform Sampling (2009)

Abstract: An innovative approach to non-uniform sampling is proposed in this research paper specifically two engineering methods to sampling are proposed. Using results from statistics literature, an “optimal sampling” scheme is discussed. Information theoretic approach to nonuniform sampling formulated. 1.
Antiaging Effects of Musa sapientum L. (Banana) Leaf Extract (2016)

To examine the possibility of using Musa sapientum L. (Banana) leaf extract as a cosmetic raw material, banana leaves grown in Jeju Island were extracted with 70% ethanol. Polysaccharides present in banana leaf extract were discarded by precipitation with cold ethanol. Polysaccharide-discarded banana leaf extract promoted procollagen and COL1A1 gene expression, but inhibited matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-2 gene expression in human skin fibroblasts when examined by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The active compound in banana leaves was identified by fractionation with various solvents. The chloroform fraction showed the highest anti-wrinkle efficacy and the active compound of chloroform fraction was identified as corosolic acid by NMR, FT-IR, EA, and HPLC-MS. In addition, banana leaf extract showed anti-oxidative efficacy with an IC50 value of 67.91 ppm, as determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Finally, the anti-wrinkle efficacy of banana leaf extract-containing cream was confirmed by clinical tests. Based on these results, banana leaves could have an application as a cosmetic raw material with anti-wrinkle efficacy.
Pharmacokinetics of mecillinam in health subjects (1980)

Mecillinam is an amidino penicillinate derivative with a broad spectrum of activity against many gram-negative bacilli. Moreover, marked in vitro synergy against these organisms occurs when mecillinam is combined with other beta-lactam antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic disposition of this antibiotic. A single dose of 10 mg/kg was administered to 12 healthy volunteers as a 15-min intravenous infusion. Multiple plasma and urine samples were collected at frequent intervals for 8 and 24 h, respectively. Plasma samples were assayed for mecillinam by using a specific high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay developed in our laboratory. Peak plasma levels ranged from 34 to 80 micrograms/ml, and after 4 h, plasma levels were 0.7 to 1.9 microgram/ml. The mean terminal plasma half-life was 51.1 +/- 8.6 min. The mean steady-state volume of distribution was calculated to be 0.23 +/- 0.04 liter/kg. The mean plasma and renal clearances were 3.5 +/- 0.4 and 2.5 +/- 0.4 ml/min per kg, respectively. The mean percentage of the dose excreted unchanged in the urine at 4 h was 67 +/- 5%; 71 +/- 6% was recovered in 24 h. Urine concentrations at 4 h were far above the minimum inhibitory concentration for susceptible gram-negative organisms.
On the acoustic vaporization of micrometer-sized droplets (2004)

This paper examines the vaporization of individual dodecafluoropentane droplets by the application of single ultrasonic tone bursts. High speed video microscopy was used to monitor droplets in a flow tube, while a focused, single element transducer operating at 3, 4, or 10 MHz was aimed at the intersection of the acoustical and optical beams. A highly dilute droplet emulsion was injected, and individual droplets were positioned in the two foci. Phase transitions of droplets were produced by rarefactional pressures as low as 4 MPa at 3 MHz using single, 3.25 micros tone bursts. During acoustic irradiation, droplets showed dipole-type oscillations along the acoustic axis (average amplitude 1.3 microm, independent of droplet diameter which ranged from 5 to 27 microm). The onset of vaporization was monitored as either spot-like, within the droplet, or homogeneous, throughout the droplet's imaged cross section. Spot-like centers of nucleation were observed solely along the axis lying parallel to the direction of oscillation and centered on the droplet. Smaller droplets required more acoustic intensity for vaporization than larger droplets, which is consistent with other experiments on emulsions.
[Human cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells produce interleukin-6]. (1993)

Production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) from cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) was demonstrated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Production of IL-6 occurred without any stimulation and significantly increased approximately 2-5 times by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin 1 alpha stimulation. Hydrocortisone reduced the production of the LPS-stimulated IL-6 to a half level. Both gel filtration and western blotting analysis indicated the molecular weight of IL-6 as 30,000-35,000. IL-6 produced in the RPE may play a role in amplifying ocular immune and inflammatory responses.
A simulator of winding machine controller using LabView environment (2005)

Winding systems are major components in a wide variety of industrial factories for metal sheet or web conveyance, papermaking or polymer film extrusion processes. In those systems, it is clear that the quality of products and the performance of systems are determined by tension and velocity control of the moving material. Although the machine is classified as a nonlinear system typically, however, PID based controller are employed mostly in the industries. In this paper, based on a real machine a simulator with adaptive PID controller of the winding machine modeling and control are presented. Diverse control parameters can be inserted manual or automatic into the simulator via LabView software interface, and the user can observe the simulation results before apply them into the real machine for finishing products, thus saving costly material and time for pre-experiments.
Parallel management for traffic signal control (2014)

With the rapid growth of the number of urban vehicles, it will be not advisable to alleviate traffic congestion by changing the traffic facilities only. And the traditional control strategies for single intersection or regional multiple intersections have been confirmed to have some effect in the past few decades, but still need to be improved. Based on ACP (Artificial societies, Computational experiments, Parallel execution) idea, we firstly proposed the concept of “event agent” in this paper, which refers to the ratings that traffic states give corresponding timing plans. Based on event agent, we used computational methods to establish a Parallel transportation Management Systems (PtMS), which was a self-completing system. In the system plenty of artificial events were generated, and some of them can not only simulate the actual traffic events, but also be substitutes for the actual events. Then through the parallel execution between actual and artificial events, the system recommends the most suitable timing plans to the current traffic state. Different from traditional control strategies, event agent based PtMS takes results as an orientation according to the idea of data-driven, which is more adaptive to the characteristics of transportation systems. For ensuring the validity and accuracy of experiments, our related data are all based on the famous traffic micro-simulation software Paramics. Furthermore, we compared our method with the classic Webster method, and experiments achieved good results.
Series Photothermoelectric Coupling Between Two Composite Materials for a Freely Attachable Broadband Imaging Sheet (2020)

As flexible wearable sensors and imagers are receiving attention from diverse social sectors, the freely attachable photothermoelectric (PTE) conversion technique should be evaluated to develop a highly usable safety sensor network. Although carbon nanotube (CNT)‐related materials should be effective, the key parameters/structures that maximize PTE conversion have not been clarified, thus hindering optimum device design and practical use. Herein, the flexible, sensitive broadband photodetection operation based on a coupling configuration between the CNT film photo/heat/electron channel and metal electrode is evaluated. Experimental PTE measurements and steady‐state thermal distribution simulations reveal that a series coupling of a p‐type CNT film channel and a highly negative Seebeck coefficient counter metal electrode facilitate superior photodetection performances than those of a parallel coupling configuration. Furthermore, subsequent device designs provide sensitive broadband photodetection from the millimeter‐wave to visible light wavelength regions with a minimum noise equivalent power of 5 pWHz −1/2 in an uncooled nonvacuum condition. Simultaneously, the mechanical flexibility of the proposed photodetector allows for its use in freely attachable sheet imager applications on curvilinear objects, and the nondestructive 3D photomonitoring of a defective intricately bent sample is demonstrated.
Radial Modulation of Microbubbles for Ultrasound Contrast Imaging (2007)

Over the past few years, extensive research has been carried out in the field of ultrasound contrast imaging. In addition to the development of new types of ultrasound contrast agents, various imaging methods dedicated to contrast agents have been introduced, and some of them are now commercially available. In this study, we present results of an imaging technique that is capable of detecting echoes from microbubbles and eliminating those emanating from nonoscillating structures (tissue), thereby enhancing contrast imaging. The method is based on mixing a low frequency (LF) modulator signal and a high frequency (HF) imaging signal to effectively modulate the size of the contrast microbubble through its volumetric oscillations using the LF signal and to probe the radial motion using the HF imaging signal. To evaluate the performances and limitations of the method, high-speed optical observations and acoustic measurements were carried out on soft-shelled microbubbles. The results showed that, by incorporating the modulator signal, the bubbles respond differently compared to the HF excitation alone. The decorrelation between the signals obtained at the compression and expansion phase of the modulator signal is significantly high to be used as a parameter to detect contrast microbubbles and discriminate them from tissue. The echo received from a solid reflector shows identical responses during the compression and rarefaction phase of the LF signal. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the feasibility of this fully linear approach for improving the contrast detection.
The structure of DNA in a nucleosome. (1990)

We describe the application of the hydroxyl radical footprinting technique to examine the histone-DNA interactions of a nucleosome that includes part of the 5S ribosomal RNA gene of Xenopus borealis. We establish that two distinct regions of DNA with different helical periodicities exist within the nucleosome and demonstrate a change in the helical periodicity of this DNA upon nucleosome formation. In particular, we find that on average the helical periodicity of DNA in this nucleosome is 10.18 +/- 0.05 base pairs per turn. The same DNA, when bound to a calcium phosphate surface, has a periodicity of 10.49 +/- 0.05 base pairs per turn, similar to that of random sequence DNA. Modulations in minor groove width within the naked DNA detected by the hydroxyl radical are maintained and exaggerated in nucleosomal DNA. These features correlate with regions in the DNA previously suggested to be important for nucleosome positioning.
High Reliability Copper Interconnects through Dry Etching Process (1994)

A modified high-temperature dry etching technique, which enables anisotropic patterning with a high etching selectivity and self-aligned passivation of a sidewall of an interconnect simultaneously, has been developed for fabrication of sub-quarter-micron Cu interconnects. Resistivities of the resulting Cu interconnects are in the range of 1.7 to 2.2 µΩ cm for the linewidth of 0.2-3.0 µ m. As a result of electromigration (EM) tests, it has been observed that median time to failure (MTF) of the Cu interconnects depends on their linewidth. This behavior is considered to be caused by their grain structure, such as a bamboo-type structure for linewidths narrower than 0.3 µ m. In comparison with a MTF of a conventional Al-1%Si line, these Cu interconnects have at least 100 times longer lifetime. Activation energy for EM damage of the 0.7-µ m-wide line is 0.88 eV.
Computer-assistierte retrograde Anbohrung der Osteochondrosis dissecans tali mittels fluoroskopischer Navigation (2003)

Thanks to the significantly increased accuracy, fluoroscopic navigation offers a high degree of safety and efficacy for this minimally invasive procedure. The operation can easily be performed successfully causing only minimal collateral damage to the bone, preserving the joint surface. The inherent risks of the retrograde drilling of osteochondritic lesions are lower with navigation, while the radiation exposure of the patient and the staff is significantly reduced.
Increasing emotional intelligence through training : current status and future directions (2013)

Emotional intelligence consists of adaptive emotional functioning involving inter-related&#13;\ncompetencies relating to perception, understanding, utilising and managing emotions in&#13;\nthe self and others. Researchers in diverse fields have studied emotional intelligence and found the construct to be associated with a variety of intrapersonal and interpersonal&#13;\nfactors such as mental health, relationship satisfaction, and work performance. This&#13;\narticle reviews research investigating the impact of training in emotional-intelligence&#13;\nskills. The results indicate that it is possible to increase emotional intelligence and that&#13;\nsuch training has the potential to lead to other positive outcomes. The paper offers&#13;\nsuggestions about how future research, from diverse disciplines, can uncover what types&#13;\nof training most effectively increase emotional intelligence and produce related&#13;\nbeneficial outcomes.
Suppression of hematopoietic cell kinase ameliorates the bone destruction associated with inflammation (2018)

<b>Objectives:</b> To investigate the role of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) in inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis.<b>Methods:</b> Microarray analyses of global mRNA expression during receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and RANKL plus tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced osteoclast differentiation were performed. The inhibitory effect on TNF-α-induced osteoclast differentiation of A-419259, a potent inhibitor of hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck), was examined. The <i>in vivo</i> therapeutic effect of A-419259 treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory bone destruction was evaluated.<b>Results:</b> We confirmed that <i>Hck</i> expression was selectively increased among the NRTKs during the osteoclast differentiation induced by RANKL and TNF-α, but not by RANKL alone. RANKL and TNF-α-induced osteoclast differentiation and they were dose-dependently inhibited by A-419259 treatment through inhibition of the expression of key regulators of osteoclastogenesis, including <i>Prdm1</i> and <i>Nfatc1</i>. Notably, LPS-induced inflammatory bone loss in murine calvarial bones was ameliorated by the administration of A-419259.<b>Conclusions:</b> Our results demonstrate that the administration of A-419259 is effective for the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation induced by TNF-α in the presence of RANKL. Therefore, an inhibitor of Hck may be useful as a potent anti-osteoclastogenic agent for the treatment of inflammatory bone destruction.
Is neonatal head circumference related to caesarean section for failure to progress? (2016)

There is a strong positive relationship between head circumference quartile and both caesarean section for failure to progress and caesarean for any indication. If this finding is confirmed using ultrasound measurements, there is potential for head circumference to be incorporated into predictive models for intrapartum caesarean section with a view to offering interventions to reduce the risk of caesarean section.