gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heart Disease Diagnosis Using Fuzzy Supervised Learning Based on Dynamic Reduced Features (2014)

The health industry collects huge amounts of health data which, unfortunately, are not mined to discover hidden information. However, there is a lack of effective analytical tools to discover hidden relationships and trends in data. Information technologies can provide alternative approaches to the diagnosis of the heart attach disease. In this study, a proficient methodology for the extraction of significant patterns from the Coronary Heart Disease warehouses for heart attack prediction, which unfortunately continues to be a leading cause of mortality in the whole world, has been presented. For this purpose, we propose to develop an innovative fuzzy classification solution approach based on dynamic reduced sets of potential risk factors using the promising Rough Set theory which is a new mathematical approach to data analysis based on classification of objects. Therefore, we propose to validate the classification using Multi-classifier decision tree to identify the risky heart disease cases. This work is based on a dataset collected from several clinical institutions based on the medical profile of patient. Moreover, the experts' knowledge in this field has been taken into consideration in order to define the disease, its risk factors, to follow up the issue results, and to establish significant knowledge relationships between medical factors related to Coronary Heart Disease. To identify cases of heart attack, experiments of several classification techniques have been performed leading to rank the suitable techniques. The reduction of potential risk factors contributes to enumerate dynamically one or more optimal subsets of the potential risk factors of high interest which implicitly leads to reduce the complexity of the classification problems while maintaining the prediction classification quality. The performance of the proposed model is analyzed and evaluated based on set of benchmark techniques applied in this classification problem.
Magnetism in New Classes of TTF-Based Charge Transfer Complexes (2002)

Charge transfer (CT) complexes are promising for developing molecule-based magnets, where ~ -electrons play an important role. New classes of molecular magnets are presented in the TTF-based CT complexes from points of unconventional magnetism. ~ -d interaction in d-electron-spin-incorporated CT complexes give anomalous effect of magnetic transition on the electron transport. The coexistence of metallic conduction and localized spin feature appears in the system located in the metal-insulator boundary. 1D metal having ferromagnetic interaction and triangle-based spin ladder system are also obtained from CT complexes. organic metal molecular magnet ~ -d interaction metal-insulator transition spin ladder ferromagnet
Comparative genomics of mycoplasmas. (1997)

The mycoplasmas are the smallest and simplest self-replicating organisms. The goal of defining in molecular terms the entire machinery of a living cell by using mycoplasmas as models was put forward by Harold Morowitz in 1984. The recent complete sequencing of the genomes of the human pathogens Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae brings us much closer to achieving this goal. The M. genitalium genome contains only 479 predicted protein coding sequences (genes) and that of M. pneumoniae 677, as compared with 1703 in Haemophilus influenzae and about 4000 in E. coli. Thus, M. genitalium is apparently the simplest organism capable of independent life with a minimal set of genes. The drastic economization in genetic information must have been associated with the parasitic mode of life of the mycoplasmas. During their reductive evolution from Gram-positive bacteria the mycoplasmas have lost the cell wall and many biosynthetic systems involved in synthesis of macromolecule building blocks provided by their host. Thus, the M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae genomes do not carry any gene involved in amino acid biosynthesis, and very few genes for vitamin, nucleic acid precursor and fatty acid biosynthesis. The mycoplasma genomes carry a minimal set of energy metabolism genes, being content with a restricted supply of ATP needed for their parasitic mode of life. Nevertheless, these minimal organisms carry the essential genes for DNA replication, transcription and translation, but even here gene saving is expressed by a minimal number of rRNA and tRNA genes. A genomic price had been paid to maintain parasitism, so that a significant number of mycoplasmal genes is devoted to adhesins, attachment organelles and variable membrane surface antigens directed towards evasion of the host immune system.
Effects of Encoding Fields of Permanent Magnet Arrays on Image Quality in Low-Field Portable MRI Systems (2019)

Low-cost and portable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may make this imaging modality more accessible. Permanent-magnet-array is an option to supply a static magnetic field (B-field) with portability, low cost, and no power consumption. However, it has low field strength. Moreover, it does not have linear gradients, thus the signals and the images are not linked by the Fourier transformation as they are in a conventional system. The B-field generated by an array and called spatial-encoding-magnetic-field (SEM), is spatially non-linear and always on. Such an SEM, in terms of the field strength, direction, homogeneity, pattern and its field pattern variation, is related to the image quality. This relation is crucial because it can be used to guide the magnet and system design for high image quality and portability. However, it has not been systematically studied. In this paper, the characteristics of the SEMs from different magnet array designs are identified. Due to the non-linearity of the SEMs, local structural similarity (SSIM) index is proposed to evaluate the region-dependent image quality, and local k-space is applied to analyze the region-dependent effects of these SEMs on image reconstruction. Moreover, point spread function is applied to analyze the overall effect of the SEMs on the quality of reconstructed images. Besides the intrinsic effects of the SEMs, those of the external factors, e.g. the receive coil sensitivity, are analyzed. This study identifies the unique characteristics of the SEMs in a permanent-magnet-array-based MRI system, and offers methods to analyze the unique relation between the image quality and the field. It can not only guide the magnet designs but also trigger more design ideas, e.g., the design of the mechanical movement of the magnet array, and that of the static magnetic field shimming coils, paving the way towards a low-field MRI system with practical portability.
Hilbert Transform by Optical Scanning Holography (2007)

We propose a technique of obtaining the Hilbert transform for incoherent objects. We design pupil functions in optical scanning holography so as to obtain the hologram of the Hilbert transform of the scanned object. From the hologram, we can extract the Hilbert transform of the object. Computer simulations verify the proposed technique.
A Powder Diffractometry Study of γ'-Phase Formation (1991)

Abstract The kinetics of γ '-phase formation in a Ni-base superalloy were studied. The data (pairs of cps and 2 θ ) were processed by the deconvolution program (Wiedemann, Unnam and Clark, 1987), which was rewritten in FORTRAN and installed on an IBM/VM and a VAX/VMS host computer. Optimal program parameters were found. Pure nickel was used as a standard. The only evidence obtained from the raw data is that the early stage of the aging process is accompanied by broadening. Deconvolution resolved the peaks into three kinds of diffraction lines: Ni( γ ), precipitate ( γ '), and undefined lines which have been interpreted as satellites. The results show that our X-ray diffraction lines are composed of the main diffraction lines of nickel-base A1 type alloy and additive satellites. In an advanced stage of aging the satellites assume the typical diffraction pattern of γ ' phase.
Advances in optical switching and networking: past, present, and future (2003)

In this paper a survey of optical networks and switching is presented. It starts with a discussion of the development of telecommunication industry, tracing the great shift from asynchronous, to synchronous (SONET), to optical networks. It also presents the main drivers that led to today's high-speed networks. Some of the main technologies of optical networks such as wavelength division multiplexers (WDM), dense wavelength division multiplexers (DWDM), and erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA). Then, we shift our focus to optical switching starting from optical-electrical-optical (OEO) switches to the all-optical/photonic switches. Great emphasis is directed towards the later, including its promise for optical networks, its characteristics, as well as the recent development in photonic switching technologies (MEMS, liquid crystals, bubbles, thermo optics and more). Finally, the challenges facing its large deployment in today's networks are surveyed.
Study on Expansion Mechanism of Mudstone Under Structural Strength (2019)

Abstract As the structural swelling soft rock, mudstone’s expansion mechanism is similar to expansive soil, but it has its own particularity. In this paper, based on the analysis of the difference between the undisturbed and remolded samples of mudstone in terms of expansion and deformation, the expansion mechanism considering the strength of mudstone structure was proposed, and the verification test was designed. The following research results were obtained: In judging the potential of mudstone expansion, it is defective to rely solely on the free expansion rate, and its structural strength should be fully considered; The expansive force of mudstone is divided into the external expansive force resisting the external action and the internal expansive force resisting the interaction between internal particles. The external expansive force is the main reason of the increase of the volume of mudstone, and the internal expansive force is related to the cementation strength inside mudstone; The expansion theory based on free expansion rate, expansion force and uniaxial compressive strength is proposed.
Microporous Polypyrrole‐Coated Graphene Foam for High‐Performance Multifunctional Sensors and Flexible Supercapacitors (2018)

Abstract This study reports on the fabrication of pressure/temperature/strain sensors and all‐solid‐state flexible supercapacitors using only polydimethylsiloxane coated microporous polypyrrole/graphene foam composite (PDMS/PPy/GF) as a common material. A dual‐mode sensor is designed with PDMS/PPy/GF, which measures pressure and temperature with the changes of current and voltage, respectively, without interference to each other. The fabricated dual‐mode sensor shows high sensitivity, fast response/recovery, and high durability during 10 000 cycles of pressure loading. The pressure is estimated using the thermoelectric voltage induced by simultaneous increase in temperature caused by a finger touch on the sensor. Additionally, a resistor‐type strain sensor fabricated using the same PDMS/PPy/GF could detect the strain up to 50%. Flexible, high performance supercapacitor used as a power supply is fabricated with electrodes of PPy/GF for its high surface area and pseudocapacitance. Furthermore, an integrated system of such fabricated multifunctional sensors and a supercapacitor on a skin‐attachable flexible substrate using liquid–metal interconnections operates well, whereas sensors are driven by the power of the supercapacitor. This study clearly demonstrates that the appropriate choice of a single functional material enables fabrication of active multifunctional sensors for pressure, temperature, and strain, as well as the supercapacitor, that could be used in wirelessly powered wearable devices.
Design of a 30 um aperture membrane hydrophone for the measurement and characterization of High Frequency ultrasound (2016)

The field of High Frequency micro-ultrasound (ultrasound having centre frequencies greater than 15 MHz) is growing, with clinical and pre-clinical array based systems having centre frequencies of up to 50 MHz currently in production. Limitations in hydrophone technology related to the size of hydrophone apertures, limited bandwidth, and limited calibration range are problematic for clinical regulatory measurements. A method of making a membrane hydrophone with an active area as small as 10 um, having very low field fringing effects is presented. A new method of creating well aligned electrodes on opposite sides of a very thin polymer membrane have been developed and successfully implemented using proprietary FujiFilm VisualSonics Inc. (VSI) Excimer laser technology. Measurements made using newly developed 30 micron membrane hydrophones, including custom electronics and amplifiers, are presented. Calibration results to 110 MHz are presented along with a discussion of uncertainties and challenges related to measuring acoustic fields in water at 50 MHz centre frequency and high pressures.
The sacrificial layer releasing of micro-machined optical-fiber switch with poly-Si torsion mirror (2005)

The wet etching process is often used in the sacrificial layer releasing of micro-machined optical-fiber switch with poly-Si torsion mirror. After the sacrificial layer release and during wafer drying, however, the surface tension of the flowing liquid produces pulling forces on suspended structure which causes stiction effect and leads to the microstructure losing efficacy. This paper introduces replacement and different wet etching methods to resolve the stiction problem and obtain satisfactory microstructures in the process of release of the sacrificial layer for micromachined optical fiber switch with poly-Si torsion mirrors.
Fabrication of Large-Scaled Organic Light Emitting Devices on the Flexible Substrates Using Low-Pressure Imprinting Lithography (2005)

This paper demonstrates an approach to fabricate large-scaled (70 /spl times/70 mm) patterned organic light-emitting devices (ITO/CuPc/NPB/Alq3/LiF/Al) on the flexible polyethyleneterephthalate substrates using low-pressure imprinting lithography. The patterns of the pixel array were defined in crossed-strip style with anode patterned by imprinting techniques followed by wet chemical etching and cathode strips deposited using metal mask. The measured results were: The turn-on voltage of the device was 7.5 V; the luminous efficiency reached 1.13 lm/W (3.04 cd/A) at a luminance of 3.8 cd/m/sup 2/ and its maximum luminance was 2440 cd/m/sup 2/, which were comparable to the performances of the devices patterned by conventional photolithography.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUTED THIOBARBITURIC ACIDS AS ANTI‐PARKINSONIAN AGENTS (1984)

Abstract Aus den Thioharnstoffen (I) werden die Thiobarbitursäuren (III) hergestellt, die in die Arylidenverbindungen (V) bzw. die Mannich‐Basen (VIII) übergeführt werden.
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells under Stress Increase Osteosarcoma Migration and Apoptosis Resistance via Extracellular Vesicle Mediated Communication (2016)

Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) from bone marrow are involved in the growth and metastasis of solid tumors but the mechanism remains unclear in osteosarcoma (OS). Previous studies have raised the possibility that OS cells may receive support from associated MSCs in the nutrient deprived core of the tumors through the release of supportive macromolecules and growth factors either in vesicular or non-vesicular forms. In the present study, we used stressed mesenchymal stem cells (SD-MSCs), control MSCs and OS cells to examine the hypothesis that tumor-associated MSCs in nutrient deprived core provide pro-proliferative, anti-apoptotic, and metastatic support to nearby tumor cells. Assays to study of the effects of SD-MSC conditioned media revealed that OS cells maintained proliferation when compared to OS cells grown under serum-starved conditions alone. Furthermore, OS cells in MSCs and SD-MSC conditioned media were significantly resistant to apoptosis and an increased wound healing rate was observed in cells exposed to either conditioned media or EVs from MSCs and SD-MSCs. RT-PCR assays of OS cells incubated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) from SD-MSCs revealed microRNAs that could potentially target metabolism and metastasis associated genes as predicted by in silico algorithms, including monocarboxylate transporters, bone morphogenic receptor type 2, fibroblast growth factor 7, matrix metalloproteinase-1, and focal adhesion kinase-1. Changes in the expression levels of focal adhesion kinase, STK11 were confirmed by quantitative PCR assays. Together, these data indicate a tumor supportive role of MSCs in osteosarcoma growth that is strongly associated with the miRNA content of the EVs released from MSCs under conditions that mimic the nutrient deprived core of solid tumors.
Internet Web Replication and Caching Taxonomy (2001)

This memo specifies standard terminology and the taxonomy of web replication and caching infrastructure as deployed today. It introduces standard concepts, and protocols used today within this application domain. Currently deployed solutions employing these technologies are presented to establish a standard taxonomy. Known problems with caching proxies are covered in the document titled "Known HTTP Proxy/Caching Problems", and are not part of this document. This document presents open protocols and points to published material for each protocol.
Biogenesis of mitochondrial β-barrel proteins: the POTRA domain is involved in precursor release from the SAM complex (2011)

The mitochondrial outer membrane contains proteinaceous machineries for the translocation of precursor proteins. The sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) is required for the insertion of β-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. Sam50 is the channel-forming core subunit of the SAM complex and belongs to the BamA/Sam50/Toc75 family of proteins that have been conserved from Gram-negative bacteria to mitochondria and chloroplasts. These proteins contain one or more N-terminal polypeptide transport-associated (POTRA) domains. POTRA domains can bind precursor proteins, however, different views exist on the role of POTRA domains in the biogenesis of β-barrel proteins. It has been suggested that the single POTRA domain of mitochondrial Sam50 plays a receptor-like function at the SAM complex. We established a system to monitor the interaction of chemical amounts of β-barrel precursor proteins with the SAM complex of wild-type and mutant yeast in organello. We report that the SAM complex lacking the POTRA domain of Sam50 efficiently binds β-barrel precursors, but is impaired in the release of the precursors. These results indicate the POTRA domain of Sam50 is not essential for recognition of β-barrel precursors but functions in a subsequent step to promote the release of precursor proteins from the SAM complex.
N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor-dependent Regulation of the Glutamate Transporter Excitatory Amino Acid Carrier 1 (2007)

The neuronal transporter excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is enriched in perisynaptic regions, where it may regulate synaptic spillover of glutamate. In this study we examined potential interactions between EAAC1 and ionotropic glutamate receptors. N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B, but not the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor subunit GluR2, were co-immunoprecipitated with EAAC1 from neuron-enriched hippocampal cultures. A similar interaction was observed in C6 glioma and human embryonic kidney cells after co-transfection with Myc epitope-tagged EAAC1 and NMDA receptor subunits. Co-transfection of C6 glioma with the combination of NR1 and NR2 subunits dramatically increased (approximately 3-fold) the amount of Myc-EAAC1 that can be labeled with a membrane-impermeable biotinylating reagent. In hippocampal cultures, brief (5 min), robust (100 microM NMDA, 10 microM glycine) activation of the NMDA receptor decreased biotinylated EAAC1 to approximately 50% of control levels. This effect was inhibited by an NMDA receptor antagonist, intracellular or extracellular calcium chelators, or hypertonic sucrose. Glutamate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid with cyclothiazide, and thapsigargin mimicked the effects of NMDA. These studies suggest that NMDA receptors interact with EAAC1, facilitate cell surface expression of EAAC1 under basal conditions, and control internalization of EAAC1 upon activation. This NMDA receptor-dependent regulation of EAAC1 provides a novel mechanism that may shape excitatory signaling during synaptic plasticity and/or excitotoxicity.
Investigating synapse formation and function using human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons (2011)

A major goal of stem-cell research is to identify conditions that reliably regulate their differentiation into specific cell types. This goal is particularly important for human stem cells if they are to be used for in vivo transplantation or as a platform for drug development. Here we describe the establishment of procedures to direct the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells into forebrain neurons that are capable of forming synaptic connections. In addition, HEK293T cells expressing Neuroligin (NLGN) 3 and NLGN4, but not those containing autism-associated mutations, are able to induce presynaptic differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. We show that a mutant NLGN4 containing an in-frame deletion is unable to localize correctly to the cell surface when overexpressed and fails to enhance synapse formation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. These findings establish human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons as a viable model for the study of synaptic differentiation and function under normal and disorder-associated conditions.
Occult hepatitis B virus infection in HBs antigen-negative hepatocellular carcinoma in a Japanese population: Involvement of HBx and p53 (2000)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome was reported to be detected in serum or liver tissues in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Hepatitis B x (HBx) and p53 protein were reported to play an important role in HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis. To clarify latent HBV infection in HBsAg- and anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV)-negative HCC in a Japanese population and involvement of HBx and p53 protein in these patients, we performed the sensitive and specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis. Of 1,024 HCC patients we saw between 1974 and 1998, 66 (6.4%) were negative for HBsAg and anti-HCV. Serum DNA was amplified by nested PCR by using specific primers of surface (S), core (C) and X regions in 26 patients negative for HBsAg and anti-HCV. Eighteen (69%) patients were positive for either S, C, or X region and the results of PCR were confirmed by Southern blotting. Of 18 PCR-positive patients, 3 were positive for anti-HBs and 9 were positive for anti-HBc, however, one was negative for any HBV markers. In HBsAg-negative and PCR-positive patients, the positive rates of expression of HBx and p53 were 8/13 (62%) and 7/13 (54%), being comparable to those in HBsAg-positive HCC patients. The results of the present study suggest that high prevalence of HBV infection is observed in HBsAg-negative HCC in a Japanese population and expression of HBx and p53 is consistent with a role, in these patients, for the transforming ability of these proteins.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)‐Dolaphenine and Its Heteroaromatic Congeners Utilizing (+)‐2‐Hydroxy‐3‐pinanone and (‐)‐3‐Hydroxy‐2‐ caranone as Chiral Auxiliaries. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.