gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Matting for Cloud Detection in Remote Sensing Images (2020)

Cloud detection, as an important preprocessing operation for remote sensing (RS) image analysis, has received increasing attention in recent years. Most of the previous cloud detection methods consider the detection as a pixel-wise image classification problem (cloud versus background), which inevitably leads to a category-ambiguity when dealing with the detection of thin clouds. In this article, starting from the RS imaging mechanism on cloud images, we re-examine the cloud detection under a totally different point of view, i.e., to formulate cloud detection as a mixed energy separation between foreground and background images. This process can be further equivalently implemented under a deep learning-based image matting framework with a clear physical significance. More importantly, the proposed method is capable to deal with three different but related tasks, i.e., “cloud detection,” “cloud removal,” and “cloud cover assessment,” under a unified framework. The experimental results on the three satellite image data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, especially for those hard but common examples in RS images, such as the thin and wispy cloud.
Contact-area dependence of frictional forces: Moving adsorbed antimony nanoparticles (2005)

Antimony nanoparticles grown on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and molybdenum disulfide were used as a model system to investigate the contact-area dependence of frictional forces. This system allows one to accurately determine both the interface structure and the effective contact area. Controlled translation of the antimony nanoparticles (areas between 10 000 and $110\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}000\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{nm}}^{2}$) was induced by the action of the oscillating tip in a dynamic force microscope. During manipulation, the power dissipated due to tip-sample interactions was recorded. We found that the threshold value of the power dissipation needed for translation depends linearly on the contact area between the antimony particles and the substrate. Assuming a linear relationship between dissipated power and frictional forces implies a direct proportionality between friction and contact area. Particles about $10\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}000\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{nm}}^{2}$ in size, however, were found to show dissipation close to zero. To explain the observed behavior, we suggest that structural lubricity might be the reason for the low dissipation in the small particles, while elastic multistabilities might dominate energy dissipation in the larger particles.
Wheat lignin labeling using [U-14C]phenylalanine or [O-14CH3]sinapic acid for fermentation studies (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWheat lignin labeling using [U-14C]phenylalanine or [O-14CH3]sinapic acid for fermentation studiesPascale. Mosoni, Jean Michel. Besle, Agnes. Cornu, Hubert. Duran, and Jean Pierre. JouanyCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 9, 1349–1354Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00033a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (749 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Impact of selective anti‐BMP9 treatment on tumor cells and tumor angiogenesis (2016)

The role of bone morphogenic protein 9 (BMP9) signaling in angiogenesis has been controversial, with a number of studies showing that it acts either as a pro-angiogenic or, conversely, as an anti-angiogenic factor in a context-dependent manner. Notably, BMP9 was also reported to function in both pro- or anti-tumorigenic roles during tumor progression. It has therefore remained unclear, whether selective BMP9 inhibition is a useful target for antibody therapy of cancer. To shed light on these questions, we characterized BMP9 expression in plasma of patients with different cancer indications and found elevated levels of pro-domains and precursor BMP9 with a strong response in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These studies prompted us to evaluate the potential of selective anti-BMP9 cancer therapy in RCC. We generated a novel monoclonal therapeutic antibody candidate, mAb BMP9-0093, that selectively targets all different BMP9 variants but does not bind to the closest homolog BMP10. In vitro, mAb BMP9-0093 treatment inhibited signaling, endothelin-1 (ET-1) production and spreading of endothelial cells and restored BMP9-induced decrease in pericyte migration and attachment. Furthermore, BMP9-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal cell carcinoma cells was reversed by mAb BMP9-0093 treatment in vitro. In vivo, mAb BMP9-0093 showed significant anti-tumor activity that was associated with an increase in apoptosis as well as a decrease in tumor cell proliferation and ET-1 release. Furthermore, mAb BMP9-0093 induced mural cell coverage of endothelial cells, which was corroborated by a reduction in vascular permeability, demonstrated by a diminished penetration of omalizumab-Alexa 647 into tumor tissue. Our findings provide new evidence for a better understanding of BMP9 contribution in tumor progression and angiogenesis that may result in the development of effective targeted therapeutic interventions.
A Unique Framework in BaGa2Sb2:  A New Zintl Phase with Large Tunnels (2001)

BaGa2Sb2 was obtained from a direct element combination reaction in a sealed graphite tube at 950 degrees C, and its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62) with a = 25.454(5) A, b = 4.4421(9) A, c = 10.273(6) A, and Z = 8. The anionic [Ga2Sb6/3]2- framework is assembled by the ethane-like dimeric [Sb3Ga-GaSb3] units sharing Sb atoms, forming parallel tunnels with a 26-membered ring cross section. These tunnels are filled with Ba atoms. The three-dimensional [Ga2Sb6/3]2- framework features a new structure type. The compound satisfies the classical Zintl concept. Band structure calculations indicate that the material is a semiconductor, and this is confirmed by spectroscopic experiments which show E(g) approximately 0.35 eV. The calculations also suggest that the structure is stabilized by strong Ga-Ga covalent bonding interactions. Polycrystalline ingots of BaGa2Sb2 show room-temperature electrical conductivity of approximately 65 S/cm and a Seebeck coefficient of +65 muV/K.
Physiologically based novel peroral modified release drug delivery system: Self-destructing hydrogel piston-pump (2003)

Peroral modified drug delivery systems on the market release fue drug by either 0-order, 1º-order, square root oftime or mixed rate. This means that the drugis released mto the gastrointestinallumenin amounts being either constantper unit of time or decreasingwith time. However, physiologically absorption from the GI lumen gets slower and more difficult past the small intestme. A novel drug delivery system is described far 24 horus drug delivery which follows approximate 0-orden release throughout the small intestine, but releases increasing amounts of drug once in the colon ta compensate for increasingly more difficult absorption. Nearly constant steady state drug plasma concentrations are achieved . The novel drug delivery system is a two layered dosage form with an immediate release layer and a modified release layer. The latter ene is a hydrogel piston pump comprised of a drug core layer and a hydrogel swelling layer, embedded into a semipermeable shell by compression coating. The upper site of the shell has a release channel in the center.
Efficiency of the flagellar propulsion of Escherichia coli in confined microfluidic geometries (2019)

Bacterial movement in confined spaces is routinely encountered either in a natural environment or in artificial structures. Consequently, the ability to understand and predict the behavior of motile bacterial cells in confined geometries is essential to many applications, spanning from the more classical, such as the management complex microbial networks involved in diseases, biomanufacturing, mining, and environment, to the more recent, such as single cell DNA sequencing and computation with biological agents. Fortunately, the development of this understanding can be helped by the decades-long advances in semiconductor microfabrication, which allow the design and the construction of complex confining structures used as test beds for the study of bacterial motility. To this end, here we use microfabricated channels with varying sizes to study the interaction of Escherichia coli with solid confining spaces. It is shown that an optimal channel size exists for which the hydrostatic potential allows the most efficient movement of the cells. The improved understanding of how bacteria move will result in the ability to design better microfluidic structures based on their interaction with bacterial movement.
Evidence-based and unlicensed indications for proton pump inhibitors and patients’ preferences for discontinuation: a pilot study in a sample of Italian community pharmacies (2016)

Many patients using PPIs are treated for unlicensed indications such as non-specific gastroprotection. The use of more than one drug for acid-related disorders is frequent among PPI users although this is not supported by evidence. Patients should be given clear and appropriate information about the duration of treatment and method of drug discontinuation.
Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Automotive Radar Interference Mitigation (2020)

The interest of the automotive industry has progressively focused on subjects related to driver assistance systems as well as autonomous cars. In order to achieve remarkable results, cars combine a variety of sensors to perceive their surroundings robustly. Among them, radar sensors are indispensable because of their independence of light conditions and the possibility to directly measure velocity. However, radar interference is an issue that becomes prevalent with the increasing amount of radar systems in automotive scenarios. In this paper, we address this issue for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars with fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs), a state-of-the-art deep learning technique. The interest of the automotive industry has progressively focused on subjects related to driver assistance systems as well as autonomous cars. Cars combine a variety of sensors to perceive their surroundings robustly. Among them, radar sensors are indispensable because of their independence of lighting conditions and the possibility to directly measure velocity. However, radar interference is an issue that becomes prevalent with the increasing amount of radar systems in automotive scenarios. In this paper, we address this issue for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars with fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs), a state-of-the-art deep learning technique. We propose two FCNs that take spectrograms of the beat signals as input, and provide the corresponding clean range profiles as output. We propose two architectures for interference mitigation which outperform the classical zeroing technique. Moreover, considering the lack of databases for this task, we release as open source a large scale data set that closely replicates real world automotive scenarios for single-interference cases, allowing others to objectively compare their future work in this domain. The data set is available for download at: http://github.com/ristea/arim.
Endoscopic Video Manifolds for Targeted Optical Biopsy (2011)

Gastro-intestinal (GI) endoscopy is a widely used clinical procedure for screening and surveillance of digestive tract diseases ranging from Barrett's Oesophagus to oesophageal cancer. Current surveillance protocol consists of periodic endoscopic examinations performed in 3-4 month intervals including expert's visual assessment and biopsies taken from suspicious tissue regions. Recent development of a new imaging technology, called probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE), enabled the acquisition of in vivo optical biopsies without removing any tissue sample. Besides its several advantages, i.e., noninvasiveness, real-time and in vivo feedback, optical biopsies involve a new challenge for the endoscopic expert. Due to their noninvasive nature, optical biopsies do not leave any scar on the tissue and therefore recognition of the previous optical biopsy sites in surveillance endoscopy becomes very challenging. In this work, we introduce a clustering and classification framework to facilitate retargeting previous optical biopsy sites in surveillance upper GI-endoscopies. A new representation of endoscopic videos based on manifold learning, "endoscopic video manifolds" (EVMs), is proposed. The low dimensional EVM representation is adapted to facilitate two different clustering tasks; i.e., clustering of informative frames and patient specific endoscopic segments, only by changing the similarity measure. Each step of the proposed framework is validated on three in vivo patient datasets containing 1834, 3445, and 1546 frames, corresponding to endoscopic videos of 73.36, 137.80, and 61.84 s, respectively. Improvements achieved by the introduced EVM representation are demonstrated by quantitative analysis in comparison to the original image representation and principal component analysis. Final experiments evaluating the complete framework demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method as a promising step for assisting the endoscopic expert in retargeting the optical biopsy sites.
The photothermoelectric technique (PTE), an alternative photothermal calorimetry (2013)

The recently introduced photothermoelectric (PTE) effect is proposed as an alternative for measuring dynamic thermal parameters of solid samples. The front PTE configuration, together with the thermal-wave resonator cavity method as a scanning procedure, was used to measure the value of thermal effusivity. The back PTE configuration, together with the chopping frequency of incident radiation as a scanning parameter, leads to the direct measurement of thermal diffusivity. A theory based on the above two detection configurations was developed and its application to solids, covering a large range of typical values of thermal parameters (aluminum and copper alloys, glass, teflon, polyethylene, LiTaO3), was described in order to demonstrate the suitability of the method. Experimental support for other well-known techniques (photopyroelectric and infrared lock-in thermography) has validated the results obtained with the novel method.
Real-Time Monitoring of Cell Cyclic Progression by Dielectric Spectroscopy (INTERFACE SCIENCE-Molecular Aggregates) (2000)

A dielectric technique has been developed for monitoring of cell cycle progression in synchronized culture, which would be a promising tool for cell cycle analysis in cell biology and biotechnology.
Extreme Drilling Environment Forces Evolution of Rotary Steerable Systems and Rotary Steerable Bit Technology (2007)

Abstract Wells drilled in the Tuscaloosa Trend located near Baton Rouge have long been recognized for the extreme nature of the High-Pressure / High-Temperature (HP/HT) operating environment and potential for well control problems1. The current focal point, however concerns drilling the highly abrasive formations contained within the intermediate and drilling liner sections to depths of ± 20,000-ft. These sections have been a major cause of bit, directional tool and drill string failures. The directional complexity of the wells has increased exponentially in recent years due to surface location constraints and reservoir compartmentalization. New drills are therefore primarily directional in order to penetrate multiple stacked targets, fault-out depletion; which would otherwise result in drilling differentials in excess of 13,000 pounds per square inch (psi) and adhere to regulatory constraints imposed upon building surface locations in certain areas. Directional control in the intermediate hole section is challenging as it requires drilling through the abrasive and damaging Wilcox formation and still risks the wellbore drifting out of the target. However, below the intermediate section we encounter significant directional tool constraints as in situ temperatures range from 300-°F to 400-°F. Poor directional response, low penetration rates as well as increased motor failures due to stator deterioration have traditionally resulted in long and costly sections. The impact of conducting directional operations in the intermediate or drilling liner hole sections has resulted in an incremental spend of up to $3.0MM on some wells and a 30-day to 45-day delay in first production. This paper focuses on the improvements which have been achieved over a 5-year period due to the implementation of Powered Rotary Steerable Systems (PRSS) coupled with Rotary Steerable Bit Technology. The step-change in performance has been evidenced by reduction in days per 10,000-ft (D/10K) drilled from 86-D/10K to 55-D/10K. The improved time to first production has been attributed to the systematic learning and the successes of several office based, well site and third party teams.
Debond Detection in RC Structures using piezoelectric materials (2008)

This paper presents a technique to detect the delamination between the steel bars and concrete in the reinforced concrete structures. The piezoelectric components are mounted on reinforcing bars that are embedded in RC structures as sensors and actuators to generate and record the signal, which is sensitive to the delamination between the steel bars and concrete. The experimental study is carried out on a concrete slab with different debonds between the rebars and concrete. The test results show that the delamination between the rebars and concrete can be detected with the embedded piezoelectric sensors and actuators.
Neutralizing the MERS Coronavirus Threat (2014)

Human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are candidates for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection.
Adaptive filtering of white-light interferometry fringe patterns (1998)

Tests are carried out of an on-line adaptive filtering scheme based on the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm and are specifically aimed at enhancing the performance of fringe order identification in white-light interferometry (WLI) over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR's). Additional capability is also provided in accurately pinpointing the central fringe with a minimum resolution of 1/13 of a fringe width anywhere over the middle 1000 pixels of a 1024-pixel CCD array. Computer simulations and subsequent measurements have demonstrated the superiority of this scheme over the less efficient centroid-based method previously reported.
Anisotropic Strain Limiting for Quadrilateral and Triangular Cloth Meshes (2015)

Abstract The cloth simulation systems often suffer from excessive extension on the polygonal mesh, so an additional strain‐limiting process is typically used as a remedy in the simulation pipeline. A cloth model can be discretized as either a quadrilateral mesh or a triangular mesh, and their strains are measured differently. The edge‐based strain‐limiting method for a quadrilateral mesh creates anisotropic behaviour by nature, as discretization usually aligns the edges along the warp and weft directions. We improve this anisotropic technique by replacing the traditionally used equality constraints with inequality ones in the mathematical optimization, and achieve faster convergence. For a triangular mesh, the state‐of‐the‐art technique measures and constrains the strains along the two principal (and constantly changing) directions in a triangle, resulting in an isotropic behaviour which prohibits shearing. Based on the framework of inequality‐constrained optimization, we propose a warp and weft strain‐limiting formulation. This anisotropic model is more appropriate for textile materials that do not exhibit isotropic strain behaviour.
The subunit structure of rabbit skeletal-muscle phosphofructokinase and the amino acid sequence of the tryptic peptide containing the highly reactive thiol group (1977)

1. The single highly reactive (class I) thiol group per 80000-mol.wt. subunit of skeletal-muscle phosphofructokinase was specifically carboxymethylated with iodo[2-14C]acetate, and after denaturation the remaining thiol groups were carboxymethylated with bromo[2-3H]acetate. After tryptic digestion and peptide 'mapping' it was found that the 14C radioactivity was in a spot that did not contain significant amounts of 3H radioactivity, so it is concluded that there is not a second, 'buried' cysteine residue within a sequence identical with that of the class-I cysteine peptide. 2. The total number of tryptic peptides as well as the number of those containing cysteine, histidine or tryptophan were inconsistent with the smallest polypeptide chain of phosphofructokinase (mol.wt. about 80000) being composed of two identical amino acid sequences. 3. The amino acid sequence of the tryptic peptide containing the class-I thiol group was shown to be Cys-Lys-Asp-Phe-Arg. This sequence is compared with part of the sequence containing the highly reactive thiol group of phosphorylase.
Total Syntheses and Chemical Biology Studies of Hymeglusin and Fusarilactone A, Novel Circumventors of β‐Lactam Drug Resistance in Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2021)

Hymeglusin, a previously known eukaryotic hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase inhibitor, was identified as circumventing the β-lactam drug resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We describe the concise total syntheses of a series of natural products, which enabled determination of the absolute configuration of fusarilactone A and provided structure-activity relationship information. Based on previous reports, we speculated that the target protein of this circumventing effect may be MRSA bacterial HMG-CoA synthase (mvaS). We found that this enzyme was dose-dependently inhibited by hymeglusin. Furthermore, overexpression of the MRSA mvaS gene and site-directed mutagenesis studies suggested its binding site and the mechanism of action.