gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geospatial Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the US EPA National Rivers and Streams Assessment Survey (2022)

Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a serious global problem due to the overuse of antimicrobials in human, animal, and agriculture sectors. There is intense research to control the dissemination of AR, but little is known regarding the environmental drivers influencing its spread. Although AR genes (ARGs) are detected in many different environments, the risk associated with the spread of these genes to microbial pathogens is unknown. Recreational microbial exposure risks are likely to be greater in water bodies receiving discharge from human and animal waste in comparison to less disturbed aquatic environments. Given this scenario, research practitioners are encouraged to consider an ecological context to assess the effect of environmental ARGs on public health. Here, we use a stratified, probabilistic survey of nearly 2000 sites to determine national patterns of the anthropogenic indicator class I integron Integrase gene (<i>intI1</i>) and several ARGs in 1.2 million kilometers of United States (US) rivers and streams. Gene concentrations were greater in eastern than in western regions and in rivers and streams in poor condition. These first of their kind findings on the national distribution of <i>intI1</i> and ARGs provide new information to aid risk assessment and implement mitigation strategies to protect public health.
Gels of rigid polyamide networks (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGels of rigid polyamide networksS. M. Aharoni and S. F. EdwardsCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 8, 3361–3374Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00198a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00198a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views758Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Public Comment on NCCoE's White Paper on Privacy-Enhancing Identity Brokers (2016)

The National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE) (in the United States) has published on October 19, 2015, a white paper on "privacy-enhanced identity brokers." We present here a reply to their request for public comments. We enumerate concerns whose consideration we find paramount for the design of a privacy-enhancing identity brokering solution, for identification and authentication of citizens into myriad online services, and we recommend how to incorporate them into a revised white paper. Our observations, focused on privacy, security, auditability and forensics, are mostly based on a recently published research paper (PETS 2015) about two nation-scale brokered identification systems.
Detection of oil spills using 13.3 GHz radar scatterometer (1972)

The results of an analysis of 13.3-GHz single polarized scatterometer data collected during NASA/MSC Mission 135, flown on March 16, 1970 are reported. Data were gathered over a crude oil spill on the Gulf of Mexico off the Mississippi Delta. With the aid of RC-8 camera photographs, the scattering cross section was correlated with the extent of the oil spill. The scattering cross section at higher incidence angles decreased by 5 db to 10 db in the presence of the oil spill. This was attributed to oil's damping of small gravity and capillary waves. The composite scattering theory and the scatterometer acquired data were used to obtain an expression of radar scattering over ocean surfaces with oil spills. The study demonstrates that the presence and extent of oil spills can be detected using high frequency radar systems.
Representing Visual Objects in HEVC Coding Loop (2014)

Different from the previous video coding standards that employ fixed-size coding blocks (and macroblocks), the latest high efficiency video coding (HEVC) introduces a quadtree structure to represent variable-size coding blocks in the coding loop. The main objective of this study is to investigate a novel way to reuse these variable-size blocks to represent the foreground objects in the picture. Towards this end, this paper proposes three methods, i.e., flagging the blocks lying in the object regions flagging compression blocks (FCB), adding an object tree in each Coding Tree Unit to describe the objects' shape in it additional object tree (AOT) and confining the block splitting procedure to fit the object shape confining by shape (CBS). Among them, FCB and CBS add a flag bit in the syntax description of the block to indicate whether it lies in the objects region, while AOT adds a separate quadtree to represent the objects. For all these methods, the additional bits are then fed into the HEVC entropy coding module to compress. As such, the representation of visual objects in the pictures can be implemented in the HEVC coding loop by reusing the variable-size blocks and entropy coding, without additional coding tools. The experiments on six manually-segmented HEVC testing sequences (three in 1080P and three in 720P) demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposal. To represent the objects in the 1080P testing sequences, the BD rate increases of FCB, AOT, and CBS over the HEVC anchor are 1.57%, 3.27%, and 5.93% respectively; while for the 720P conference videos, those are 4.57%, 17.23%, and 26.93% (note that the average bitrate of the anchor is only 1009 kb/s).
<i>Euantennaria pleioblasti</i> sp. nov. (<i>Euantennariaceae</i>) and <i>Metacapnodium</i> cf. <i>quinqueseptatum</i> (<i>Metacapnodiaceae</i>), two mixed sooty moulds in subicula on <i>Pleioblastus</i> sp. in Taiwan (2022)

Black subicula, comprising a mixture of two sooty moulds of <i>Euantennariaceae</i> and <i>Metacapnodiaceae</i>, on <i>Pleioblastus</i> were collected in Batongguan, alt. ca. 2800 m, Nantou County, Taiwan in 1984. The former sooty mould is described and illustrated as <i>Euantennaria pleioblasti</i> sp. nov., an asexually typified species of the genus, as currently circumscribed with the application of the single name nomenclature for pleomorphic fungi. It is characterized by cylindrical, finely to coarsely roughened hyphae and black synnemata bearing massive fusiform, straight, mostly 11-14-septate phragmoconidia in a subglobose to obovoid head; its reliable sexual morph is obscure. The latter was identified as <i>Metacapnodium</i> cf. <i>quinqueseptatum</i>. It features the capnobotrys- and capnophialophora-like asexual morphs, in addition to the sexual morph with 5-7-septate ascospores. These sooty mould taxa are newly added to the mycobiota of Taiwan.
Delta-Shaped Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Motor for Two-Dimensional Positioning (2008)

By fabricating on from lambda-shaped motors, bimorph delta-shaped motors have been developed and tested. A delta motor consists of two piezoelectric layers (bimorph structure) with four input electrodes and one common ground electrode – separated by an inactive bar that aids dimensional control in the sintering process. Two driving sources with a 90° phase difference were used for the x-, z-, and diagonal-axis direction driving. The design of the motor was modified and optimized by changing the relative dimensions and angle of the motor with the aid of ATILA finite element method (FEM) software. The optimum design with a small bandwidth between resonance modes, which provides the largest elliptical displacement, was fabricated using thick films. The fabricated motor size was below 10 mm2 with several hundreds of nano meter motion at the tip. The speed of revolution, torque and efficiency in the two-dimensional space were measured.
El hidrolacolito de las Calderuelas (Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama), una morfología periglaciar singular (2020)

[EN] This research describes the finding of a hydro-laccolith in the&#13;\nSierra de Guadarrama (Central System). The study, based on the&#13;\ncombination of Digital Terrain Models (DTM) and geoelectric data,&#13;\nallowed the characterization of the surface morphology and inter-&#13;\nnal structure. The results allow establishing the genesis of this pe-&#13;\nriglacial-related structure and the role played by slope processes in&#13;\nits evolution. Freeze-thawing cycles and hydrogeological conditions&#13;\nare responsible factors that control its evolution over time. Such type&#13;\nof structures show an extraordinary environmental sensitivity, thus&#13;\ntheir monitoring is of great interest to guarantee their further pre-&#13;\nservation.
Dysregulation of interleukin‐7 receptor may generate loss of cytotoxic T cell response in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection (1994)

Virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play a crucial role in modulating an immune response against human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The generation of effector cytotoxic cells from CTL precursors involves intricate interactions with antigen via T cell receptors (TcR) and soluble cytokines. Interleukin (IL)-7 can affect T cell maturation and differentiation. Here we report on a group of five HIV-1-positive individuals who tested negative for env- and gag-specific CTL activity. When exogenous recombinant human IL-7 was added as a stimulus to the cultures, none (0/5) of the CTL-negative individuals exhibited a CTL response. Individuals that were negative for HIV-1-specific CTL activity were found to lack IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) on CD8+ cells with a comparable reduction on CD4+ cells. Increased shedding of IL-7R in the culture supernatant was observed. A significant reduction in receptor number was detected by binding of 125I-labeled IL-7 and Scatchard analysis. The lack of IL-7R is probably not due to endogenous IL-7, since it was not detectable in the culture supernatants of the patients studied. HIV-1 proteins may cause down-modulation of IL-7R expression, either by producing an insufficient number of molecules or by rapid decay of IL-7R on T cells. These changes may alter the cells' capability to respond to the IL-7 growth signal, resulting in CTL failure and subsequent mishandling of the virus.
Evaluation of patient compliance with the use of scrotal cooling devices (2021)

Most patients were not compliant with the recommended use of the scrotal cooling devices because of issues of comfort, convenience, and concealability. Further work on improving scrotal cooling devices is necessary to enhance their potential as a therapeutic tool for men with abnormal sperm parameters and infertility.
Mechanical Properties of Waxy Maize Starch Nanocrystal Reinforced Natural Rubber (2005)

In a previous work [Macromolecules 2005, 38, 3783], nanocomposite materials obtained from a latex of natural rubber (NR) as matrix and an aqueous suspension of waxy maize starch nanocrystals as filler were processed and characterized in terms of morphology, structural, and barrier properties. The aim of the present work was to study the mechanical properties of these materials in both the linear and nonlinear range. It was shown that up to a content of 20 wt % this new filler presents the advantage to reinforce NR without decreasing significantly the elongation at break of the material. The relaxed modulus at room temperature of nanocomposite films containing 20 wt % of filler is 75 times higher than the one of the unfilled matrix. Particle−particle interactions play a crucial role in the properties of starch nanocrystals filled NR. The effect of moisture content and surface chemical modification of the starch nanocrystals on the reinforcing properties was also investigated.
An anion exchange resin from soybean hulls (2004)

Abstract Agricultural by‐products are generally poor adsorbents of anions in solution. Therefore, modification of the by‐product could enhance its anion exchange capabilities. The objective of this study was to increase the anion exchange properties of the agricultural by‐product, soybean hulls, by chemical modification. Soybean hulls were quaternized with the quaternizing agent, N ‐(3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride, in the presence of a strongly alkaline environment. This modification increased the amount of positive charge on the hulls as evidenced by increased nitrogen content and increased uptake of anions compared with the unmodified hulls. A method to optimize the anion exchange properties of the hulls was developed. Ion exchange properties of the hulls toward anions of environmental significance, namely arsenate (As), chromate (Cr), dichromate (Cr 2 ), phosphate (P) and selenate (Se) were determined. The modified hulls were also compared with commercial cellulose‐based and synthetic anion exchange resins in their ability to remove these anions from solution. The experimental and commercial resins were also compared for their ability to remove a mixture of arsenate, chromate, dichromate and selenate from laboratory prepared solutions to levels below the maximum contaminant levels for these anions in drinking water as specified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Our results demonstrate that the soy hull resin is more efficient in anion removal than the commercial cellulose‐based resin but not as effective as the commercial synthetic resin. Published in 2003 for SCI by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen sensing properties of protective-layer-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes with palladium nanoparticle decoration (2010)

Protective-layer-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with palladium nanoparticle decoration (Pd-SiO(2)-SWNTs) were fabricated and their sensing properties for hydrogen (H(2)) were investigated. SWNTs were coated with a 3-4 nm thick SiO(2) layer by pulsed laser deposition and subsequently decorated with Pd nanoparticles by electron beam evaporation. Even though the SWNTs were completely surrounded by a protective layer, Pd-SiO(2)-SWNTs responded to H(2) down to a concentration of 1 part per million. Compared with the Pd nanoparticle-decorated SWNTs without a protective layer (Pd-SWNTs), Pd-SiO(2)-SWNTs exhibited highly stable sensor responses with variations of less than 20%; Pd-SWNTs showed a variation of 80%. The density of the Pd-SWNTs significantly decreased after the sensing test, while that of the Pd-SiO(2)-SWNTs with the netlike structure remained unchanged. The hydrogen sensing mechanism of the Pd-SiO(2)-SWNTs was attributed to the chemical gating effect on the SWNTs due to dipole layer formation by hydrogen atoms trapped at the Pd-SiO(2) interface. Moreover, the relationship between H(2) concentration and sensor response can be described by the Langmuir isotherm for dissociative adsorption.
Computerized scheme for detection of arterial occlusion in brain MRA images (2007)

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is routinely employed in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease. Unruptured aneurysms and arterial occlusions can be detected in examinations using MRA. This paper describes a computerized detection method of arterial occlusion in MRA studies. Our database consists of 100 MRA studies, including 85 normal cases and 15 abnormal cases with arterial occlusion. Detection of abnormality is based on comparison with a reference (normal) MRA study with all the vessel known. Vessel regions in a 3D target MRA study is first segmented by using thresholding and region growing techniques. Image registration is then performed so as to maximize the overlapping of the vessel regions in the target image and the reference image. The segmented vessel regions are then classified into eight arteries based on comparison of the target image and the reference image. Relative lengths of the eight arteries are used as eight features in classifying the normal and arterial occlusion cases. Classifier based on the distance of a case from the center of distribution of normal cases is employed for distinguishing between normal cases and abnormal cases. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of abnormal cases with arterial occlusion is 80.0% (12/15) and 95.3% (81/85), respectively. The potential of our proposed method in detecting arterial occlusion is demonstrated.
Involvement of Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species (RNS and ROS) in Sunflower-Mildew Interaction (2009)

Nitric oxide (·NO) has been shown to participate in plant response against pathogen infection; however, less is known of the participation of other NO-derived molecules designated as reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Using two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars with different sensitivity to infection by the pathogen Plasmopara halstedii, we studied key components involved in RNS and ROS metabolism. We analyzed the superoxide radical production, hydrogen peroxide content, l-arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activities. Furthermore, we examined the location and contents of ·NO, S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs), S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and protein 3-nitrotyrosine (NO2-Tyr) by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and biochemical analyses. In the susceptible cultivar, the pathogen induces an increase in proteins that undergo tyrosine nitration accompanied by an augmentation in RSNOs. This rise of RSNOs seems to be independent of the enzymatic generation of ·NO because the l-arginine-dependent NOS activity is reduced after infection. These results suggest that pathogens induce nitrosative stress in susceptible cultivars. In contrast, in the resistant cultivar, no increase of RSNOs or tyrosine nitration of proteins was observed, implying an absence of nitrosative stress. Therefore, it is proposed that the increase of tyrosine nitration of proteins can be considered a general biological marker of nitrosative stress in plants under biotic conditions.
Tyrphostins as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Acute Kidney Injury (2010)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome characterized by an acute renal cell injury that leads to sudden loss of renal function. There are currently no clinically validated treatments for AKI besides substituting renal function by dialysis. However, new biomarkers will allow an earlier diagnosis, thus providing a window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Tyrphostins are a family of compounds originally designed as protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, some molecules of this family have additional actions, such as inhibition of guanylate and adenylate cyclases, mitochondrial uncoupling or antioxidant effects. We review the potential role of tyrphostins in the prophylaxis and treatment of acute kidney injury on the basis of published studies on animals, in vitro experiments and piecemeal information from humans. The AG 490 and AG 126 tyrphostins have recently been shown to protect from AKI in experimental animal models of ischemia-reperfusion and sepsis-induced injury. AG 490 protects from cyclosporin-induced AKI and AG 1714 protects from cisplatin nephrotoxicity. AG 490 is nephroprotective by inhibiting oxidative stress-related Janus activated kinase-2 (JAK2) activation. Potential applications of AG490 or derivative molecules include AKI of nephrotoxic or ischemic nature, or a combination of both, as may occur in the immediate postransplant period. The molecular targets of AG 126 and AG 1714 are less well characterized. In conclusions, different tyrphostins are nephroprotective in animal models of AKI. The characterization of the molecular targets involved will allow the design of novel therapies that may reach the clinical trial stage.
Atomic layer deposition of gadolinium scandate films with high dielectric constant and low leakage current (2006)

Gd Sc O 3 films were deposited on hydrogenated silicon substrates by atomic layer deposition. The films were pure and amorphous, both as-deposited and after a 5min anneal at 950°C. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy revealed a sharp, smooth interface between GdScO3 and Si. Capacitance and leakage current measurements on metal oxide semiconductor capacitors made from atomic layer deposited WN∕GdScO3 stacks showed that the amorphous GdScO3 films have a high dielectric constant (∼22), low fixed charge density, and low interface trap density. A film with 1nm equivalent oxide thickness also demonstrated that the leakage current density is less than 2mA∕cm2 at 1V gate bias.
Effects of general anesthetics on the bacterial luciferase enzyme from Vibrio harveyi: an anesthetic target site with differential sensitivity (1990)

The effects of a diverse range of 36 general anesthetics and anesthetic-like compounds on a highly purified preparation of the bacterial luciferase enzyme from Vibrio harveyi have been investigated. Under conditions where the flavin site was saturated, almost all of the anesthetics inhibited the peak enzyme activity and slowed the rate of decay. However, a small number of the more polar agents only inhibited at high concentrations, while stimulating activity at lower concentrations. The inhibition was found to be competitive in nature, with the anesthetics acting by competing for the binding of the aldehyde substrate n-decanal. The anesthetic binding site on the enzyme could accommodate only a single molecule of a large anesthetic but more than one molecule of a small anesthetic, consistent with the site having circumscribed dimensions. The homologous series of n-alcohols and n-alkanes exhibited cutoffs in inhibitory potency, but these cutoffs occurred at very different chain lengths (about C10 for the n-alkanes and C15 for the n-alcohols), mimicking similar cutoffs observed for general anesthetic potencies in animals. Binding constants determined from peak height measurements showed that the inhibitor binding site was predominantly hydrophobic (with a mean delta delta G CH2 of -5.0 kJ/mol), but fluctuations in the binding constants with chain length revealed regions in the binding site with polar characteristics. Binding constants to an intermediate form of the enzyme (intermediate II) were also determined, and these confirmed the principal features of the binding site deduced from the peak height measurements. The long-chain compounds, however, bound considerably tighter to the intermediate II form of the enzyme, and this was shown to account for the biphasic decay kinetics that were observed with these compounds. Overall, there was poor agreement between the EC50 concentrations for inhibiting the luciferase enzyme from V. harveyi and those which induce general anesthesia in animals, with bulky compounds being much less potent, and moderately long chain alcohols being much more potent, as luciferase inhibitors than as general anesthetics.