gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A truly hybrid interventional MR/X-ray system: Feasibility demonstration (2001)

A system enabling both x-ray fluoroscopy and MRI in a single exam, without requiring patient repositioning, would be a powerful tool for image-guided interventions. We studied the technical issues related to acquisition of x-ray images inside an open MRI system (GE Signa SP). The system includes a flat-panel x-ray detector (GE Medical Systems) placed under the patient bed, a fixed-anode x-ray tube overhead with the anode-cathode axis aligned with the main magnetic field and a high-frequency x-ray generator (Lunar Corp.). New challenges investigated related to: 1) deflection and defocusing of the electron beam of the x-ray tube; 2) proper functioning of the flat panel; 3) effects on B0 field homogeneity; and 4) additional RF noise in the MR images. We have acquired high-quality x-ray and MR images without repositioning the object using our hybrid system, which demonstrates the feasibility of this new configuration. Further work is required to ensure that the highest possible image quality is achieved with both MR and x-ray modalities.
Threshold Voltage Biased E-Mode TN LCD—Optimum Optical Design for Grayscale Application (1992)

Abstract In a normally white (NW) twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal displays (LCDs), there are two optical eigenmodes, an extraordinary-ray mode (e-mode) and an ordinary-ray mode (o-mode). With zero or a low-bias voltage as the brightest state of the display, both eigenmodes have insufficient display performance for the analog grayscale application. The former has a large color change as a function of viewing zone. The latter has quite a narrow horizontal viewing zone. By applying a threshold voltage as a bias to represent the brightest level of the e-mode NW, the optical performance in the vertical viewing zone was much improved. Further optimization of the d*delta-n for this mode of operation resulted in a small color change and a wide viewing zone by choosing d*delta-n = 0.47 micrometers. We conclude that the threshold-voltage biased e-mode NW of the first-minimum thin-film-transistor (TFT) driven TN can achieve a wide viewing angle for analog-grayscale applications.
Statistical/Numerical Model of the Powder-Gas Jet for Extreme High-Speed Laser Material Deposition (2020)

Extreme high-speed laser material deposition, known by its German acronym EHLA, is a new variant of laser material deposition (LMD) with powdered additives. This variant’s process control is unlike that of LMD, where the powder melts as it contacts the melt pool. In the EHLA process, the laser beam melts the powder above the surface of the substrate to deliver a liquid to the melt pool. At a given intensity distribution in a laser beam, the heating of powder particles in the beam path depends largely on the three-dimensional powder particle density distribution (PDD) and the relative position within the laser beam caustic. As a key element of a comprehensive numerical process model for EHLA, this paper presents a statistical/numerical model of the powder-gas jet, as previously published in Experimentelle und modelltheoretische Untersuchungen zum Extremen Hochgeschwindigkeits-Laserauftragschweißen. The powder-gas jet is characterized experimentally and described with a mathematical model. This serves to map the PDD of the powder-gas flow—and particularly the particle trajectories for different grain fractions—as well as the powder mass flows and carrier and inert gas settings, to a theoretical model. The result is a numerical description of the particle trajectories that takes into account the measured particle size distribution with calculations made on the assumption of a constant particle velocity and linear trajectories of the particles.
Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3 T (2010)

The gain in signal-to-noise ratio at 3 T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging produces many benefits for abdominal imaging applications, including the capability to reduce acquisition times and/or improve spatial resolution for a variety of pulse sequences, the potential for broader application of parallel imaging techniques, and an increased sensitivity to gadolinium-based contrast media. These advances have the potential of improving the accuracy of MR imaging in the detection, staging, treatment planning, and follow-up of patients with abdominal tumors. At the same time, because certain high-field-strength-related drawbacks could not be compensated for, abdominal 3 T MR imaging should be clinically implemented with caution in some patients (eg, patients with massive ascites).
Blood Platelets Cause Retraction of Collagen Gel (1980)

Human blood platelets cause the collagen gel retraction (CGR) with concomitant exclusion of fluid. CGR is positively related to the number of incorporated platelets and inversely to collagen concentration. Disruption of platelets, EDTA and cytochalasin B inhibit CGR. Platelets from patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia are active in CGR. The similarities and differences of CGR and fibrin retraction are discussed.
Analog VLSI implementation of a nonlinear systems model of the hippocampal brain region (2002)

The hippocampus is a major brain system involved in learning and memory functions, and consists of multiple populations of neurons with strongly nonlinear properties that are interconnected both locally and non-locally. An analog VLSI design has been developed that allows different classes of nonlinearities specific to each neuron population to define the transfer function of a network of neurons implemented in hardware. Principles of a CNN design have been used to generate local interactions between adjacent processing elements. Non-local interactions will be implemented in future designs with the use of multiple chips. In this manner, we are attempting to better integrate into a hardware device the unique information processing and learning capabilities of real biological neurons known to perform those functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
QT interval change with age in an overtly healthy older population (1996)

The rate-adjusted QT interval is prolonged with increasing age and may contribute to the increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac mortality in elderly patients.
Luminescence Properties of High-Quality Ca2Si5N8: Eu2+Phosphor: CaH2-Raw Material (2013)

Using cheaper CaH2 as calcium sources and an efficient reductant, red emitting phosphors (Ca1-xEux)2Si5N8 (x = 0.002, 0.005, 0.008, 0.01, 0.02 ∼ 0.09) were prepared under 1540°C via the traditional solid-state reaction method. The photoluminescence characteristics with various Eu2+-doping concentrations were investigated. A broad excitation spectrum is full with a range of 200∼600 nm. Broad band emissions and a high absorption were achieved and the emission peaks shifted from 603 to 617 nm with increased Eu2+ concentration. A large emission tunability and a high solubility of activators (a 14 nm red-shift at x = 0.09) make the obtained phosphors excellent candidates for LED conversion phosphors. With increasing Li3N concentration, the small particles gradually grow into well-crystallized and well-dispersed particles with a mean size of 5 μm. The additive of Li3N is helpful to improve the uniformity and coarsening of Ca2Si5N8: Eu2+ particle.
Progression of heart failure after myocardial infarction in the conscious rat (2012)

The rat model of heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI), induced by coronary ligation, is commonly utilized in the study of heart failure. Typically animals are studied at one time point, with the progression of the changes in both ventricular function and regulation of the sympathetic system poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the time course of the changes in left ventricular function and sympathetic activation following MI in the rat. In separate groups of animals left ventricular pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were measured continuously via telemetry both before and following MI or sham surgery. Despite echocardiography showing fractional shortening had halved, left ventricular pressures were initially well conserved, with the most obvious change 3 weeks post MI being a decrease in the maximum rate of pressure change (dP/dt max) at night. At the same time period RSNA had increased by more than 100% and neuronal excitation was observed within the PVN, as determined by Fra‐protein expression. In contrast similar levels of nNOS positive cells were observed in PVN of the sham and MI rats. These experiments suggest sympathetic activation occurs early in the progression of heart failure, independent of changes in nNOS regulation in the PVN. Funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand and British Heart Foundation.
The Colors of Health: Chemistry, Bioactivity, and Market Demand for Colorful Foods and Natural Food Sources of Colorants (2020)

There is an increasing consumer demand for natural colors in foods. However, there is a limited number of available natural food sources for use by the food industry because of technical and regulatory limitations. Natural colors are less stable and have less vibrant hues compared to their synthetic color counterparts. Natural pigments also have known health benefits that are seldom leveraged by the food industry. Betalains, carotenoids, phycocyanins, and anthocyanins are major food colorants used in the food industry that have documented biological effects, particularly in the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The color industry needs new sources of stable, functional, and safe natural food colorants. New opportunities include sourcing new colors from microbial sources and via the use of genetic biotechnology. In all cases, there is an imperative need for toxicological evaluation to pave the way for their regulatory approval.
The surface tension of polymer liquids (1999)

Abstract A brief review of the surface tension of polymer liquids is presented. A strong emphasis is placed on recent measurements of surface tensions of homologous liquid series up to high‐molecular‐weight polymers, and the thermodynamic liquid properties of these same homologous series obtained from sources such as pressure‐volume‐temperature (PVT) data. The accuracy and limitations of the thermodynamic information which are used as input to many of the theories applied to the surface properties of polymer molecules are discussed. By scaling the surface tension data using a true measure of the cohesive energy density of the liquid state, we can clearly observe the entropic contribution to the surface tension caused by the conformational restriction of a large molecule at the liquid‐vapor interface. The scaling implies the existence of a corresponding states principle for both polymer liquids and for low‐molecular‐weight liquids. The ramifications of the existence of a corresponding states principle for the surface tension of polymer melts are discussed. One consequence of the corresponding states principle is that it allows us to use surface tension measurements to compute the cohesive energy density of polymer melts using PVT data.
Confined‐Volume Effect on the Thermal Properties of Encapsulated Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage (2016)

We have encapsulated the heat exchange material, n-docosane, into polyurethane capsules of different sizes. Decreasing the size of the capsules leads to changes of the crystallinity of phase-change material as well as melting/crystallization temperature. The novelty of the paper includes 1) protection of the nanostructured energy-enriched materials against environment during storage and controlled release of the encapsulated energy on demand and 2) study of the structure and surface-to-volume properties of the energy-enriched materials dispersed in capsules of different sizes. The stability of energy nanomaterials, influence of capsule diameter on their energy capacity, homogeneity and operation lifetime are investigated.
Data from Futibatinib Is a Novel Irreversible FGFR 1–4 Inhibitor That Shows Selective Antitumor Activity against FGFR-Deregulated Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;FGFR signaling is deregulated in many human cancers, and FGFR is considered a valid target in FGFR-deregulated tumors. Here, we examine the preclinical profile of futibatinib (TAS-120; 1-[(3S)-[4-amino-3-[(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3, 4-d] pyrimidin-1-yl]-1-pyrrolidinyl]-2-propen-1-one), a structurally novel, irreversible FGFR1–4 inhibitor. Among a panel of 296 human kinases, futibatinib selectively inhibited FGFR1–4 with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of 1.4 to 3.7 nmol/L. Futibatinib covalently bound the FGFR kinase domain, inhibiting FGFR phosphorylation and, in turn, downstream signaling in FGFR-deregulated tumor cell lines. Futibatinib exhibited potent, selective growth inhibition of several tumor cell lines (gastric, lung, multiple myeloma, bladder, endometrial, and breast) harboring various &lt;i&gt;FGFR&lt;/i&gt; genomic aberrations. Oral administration of futibatinib led to significant dose-dependent tumor reduction in various FGFR-driven human tumor xenograft models, and tumor reduction was associated with sustained FGFR inhibition, which was proportional to the administered dose. The frequency of appearance of drug-resistant clones was lower with futibatinib than a reversible ATP-competitive FGFR inhibitor, and futibatinib inhibited several drug-resistant FGFR2 mutants, including the FGFR2 V565I/L gatekeeper mutants, with greater potency than any reversible FGFR inhibitors tested (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;, 1.3–50.6 nmol/L). These results indicate that futibatinib is a novel orally available, potent, selective, and irreversible inhibitor of FGFR1–4 with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity in cell lines and xenograft models. These findings provide a strong rationale for testing futibatinib in patients with tumors oncogenically driven by FGFR genomic aberrations, with phase I to III trials ongoing.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Preclinical characterization of futibatinib, an irreversible FGFR1–4 inhibitor, demonstrates selective and potent antitumor activity against FGFR-deregulated cancer cell lines and xenograft models, supporting clinical evaluation in patients with FGFR-driven tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Impact of Age on the Outcome of Pulmonary Vein Isolation for Atrial Fibrillation Using Circular Mapping Technique and Cooled‐Tip Ablation Catheter: (2004)

PVI is a safe and effective treatment for patients with drug-refractory symptomatic AF, and its benefits extend to all age groups. The risk of procedural complications, especially thromboembolic events, appears to be higher in the elderly age group. This observation needs to be considered while assessing potential candidates for the procedure.
FUNCTIONALIZATION OF VINYL TERMINATED POLYETHYLENES USING RADICAL MEDIATED THIOL-ENE CHEMISTRY. (2011)

International audience
A Naturally Occurring Polymorphism in the HIV-1 Tat Basic Domain Inhibits Uptake by Bystander Cells and Leads to Reduced Neuroinflammation (2019)

HIV-1 Tat protein contributes to HIV-neuropathogenesis in several ways including its ability to be taken up by uninfected bystander CNS cells and to activate inflammatory host genes causing synaptic injury. Here, we report that in the globally dominant HIV-1 clade C, Tat displays a naturally occurring polymorphism, R57S, in its basic domain, which mediates cellular uptake. We examined the effect of this polymorphism on Tat uptake and its consequences for cellular gene transactivation. In decapeptides corresponding to the basic domain, a R57S substitution caused up to a 70% reduction in uptake. We also used a transcellular Tat transactivation assay, where we expressed Tat proteins of HIV-1 clade B (Tat-B) or C (Tat-C) or their position 57 variants in HeLa cells. We quantified the secreted Tat proteins and measured their uptake by TZM-bl cells, which provide readout via an HIV-1 Tat-responsive luciferase gene. Transactivation by Tat-B was significantly reduced by R57S substitution, while that of Tat-C was enhanced by the reciprocal S57R substitution. Finally, we exposed microglia to Tat variants and found that R57 is required for maximal neuroinflammation. The R57S substitution dampened this response. Thus, genetic variations can modulate the ability of HIV-1 Tat to systemically disseminate neuroinflammation.
Development of a New Method for Measuring Minimum Maturity of Avocados (2001)

Summary The use of the percent dry matter as a maturity indicator for avocado is widely accepted. During a California Avocado Commission funded study to identify a minimum maturity standard for the Lamb Hass variety, we developed a new process for removing samples from the fruit for dry matter determination. After two years of testing and evaluation we have perfected a technique and designed an efficient tool that will allow dry matter testing to be standardized in terms of the sampling method, the sampling location within the fruit, and the quantity of flesh used. Our study shows that: 1) There is great in-fruit variability. When an entire avocado was homogeneously blended and multiple subsamples taken, the dry matter of the subsamples differed by as much as 1.32% (range 0.33 -1.32%). 2) The results from the new method of equatorial cores are not statistically different from the opposing eighths method. 3) The opposing eighths method is cumbersome, time consuming, dangerous, requires operator training, and is somewhat subjective with respect to the sampling selection of tissue to be tested.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Photophysical, Electrochemical, and Anion-Sensing Studies of Luminescent Homo- and Heteroleptic Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II) Complexes Based on Terpyridyl-imidazole Ligand (2011)

A series of hetero- and homoleptic tridentate ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) complexes of compositions [(tpy-PhCH(3))Ru(tpy-HImzphen)](ClO(4))(2) (1), [(H(2)pbbzim)Ru(tpy-HImzphen)](ClO(4))(2) (2), and [M(tpy-HImzphen)(2)](ClO(4))(2) [M = Ru(II) (3) and Os(II) (4)], where tpy-PhCH(3) = 4'-(4-methylphenyl)-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine, H(2)pbbzim = 2,6-bis(benzimidazole-2-yl)pyridine and tpy-HImzphen = 2-(4-[2,2':6',2"]terpyridine-4'-yl-phenyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole, have been synthesized and characterized by using standard analytical and spectroscopic techniques. X-ray crystal structures of three complexes 2, 3, and 4 have been determined. The absorption spectra, redox behavior, and luminescence properties of the complexes have been thoroughly investigated. All of the complexes display moderately strong luminescence at room temperature with lifetimes in the range of 10-55 ns. The effect of solvents on the absorption and emission spectral behavior of the complexes has also been studied in detail. The anion sensing properties of all the complexes have been studied in solution using absorption, emission, and (1)H NMR spectral studies and by cyclic voltammetric (CV) measurements. It has been observed that the complexes 1, 3, and 4 act as sensors for F(-)only, whereas 2 acts as sensor for F(-), AcO(-), and to some extent for H(2)PO(4)(-). It is evident that in the presence of excess of anions deprotonation of the imidazole N-H fragment(s) occurs in all cases, an event which is signaled by the development of vivid colors visible with the naked eye. The receptor-anion binding/equilibrium constants have been evaluated.
Targeted Gene Disruption of the Cyclo (L-Phe, L-Pro) Biosynthetic Pathway inStreptomycessp. US24 Strain (2007)

We have previously isolated a new actinomycete strain from Tunisian soil called Streptomyces sp. US24, and have shown that it produces two bioactive molecules including a Cyclo (L-Phe, L-Pro) diketopiperazine (DKP). To identify the structural genes responsible for the synthesis of this DKP derivative, a PCR amplification (696 bp) was carried out using the Streptomyces sp. US24 genomic DNA as template and two degenerate oligonucleotides designed by analogy with genes encoding peptide synthetases (NRPS). The detection of DKP derivative biosynthetic pathway of the Streptomyces sp. US24 strain was then achieved by gene disruption via homologous recombination using a suicide vector derived from the conjugative plasmid pSET152 and containing the PCR product. Chromatography analysis, biological tests and spectroscopic studies of supernatant cultures of the wild-type Streptomyces sp. US24 strain and three mutants obtained by this gene targeting disruption approach showed that the amplified DNA fragment is required for Cyclo (L-Phe, L-Pro) biosynthesis in Streptomyces sp. US24 strain. This DKP derivative seems to be produced either directly via a nonribosomal pathway or as a side product in the course of nonribosomal synthesis of a longer peptide.
Circulating Tumor Cells and Historic Perspectives (2016)

This chapter reviews the history of research on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with brief reviews of the present opportunities and challenges using CTCs for diagnostic and treatment decisions. The history of CTCs began in 1869, when Ashworth described cells in the blood that appeared similar to those observed in the tumor at autopsy. Polymerization chain reaction (PCR) assays for detecting CTCs involved amplification of specific target DNA sequences and were very sensitive, for example, one tumor cell in 106 normal lymphocytes could be detected. Circulating epithelial cells (CECs) were collected by a positive immunomagnetic approach that involved coating metal particles with an antibody to an epithelial cell surface antigen, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed exclusively in epithelia and epithelial-derived neoplasms. Clinical cancer dormancy is frequently observed in thyroid, renal, and prostate carcinomas and in B-cell lymphoma and melanoma.
Phase transitions and structural motifs of inorganic-organic lead halide hybrids (2008)

Complete diallel crosses with seven varieties of black pericarp rice were conducted in one year to analyze the genetic effects on main mineral elements of Fe, Zn, Mn and P contents in kernels of parents and their F1S and F2S, using the full genetic model including triploid endosperm, cytoplasmic and maternal effects on quantitative traits of seeds in cereal crops. The results indicated that the contents of all the four mineral elements were controlled by seed direct genetic effects, maternal genetic effects as well as by cytoplasmic effects. The seed direct genetic effects were more important than the maternal genetic effects for Fe, Zn, Mn contents, and seed direct additive effects constituted a major part of their genetic effects, whereas seed direct additive, maternal additive and dominant effects formed the main part in the inheritance of P content. The heritabilities of seed direct effects of the 4 mineral element contents were all highly significant. The estimate values of narrow heritabilites of seed direct genetic effects were high for Fe, Zn and Mn contents, while those of seed and maternal effects were intermediate for P content. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the single plant selection and single grain selection based on the seed mineral element contents of hybrid offspring.
Emissive efficiency enhancement of Alq 3 and prospects for plasmon-enhanced organic electroluminescence (2008)

We study the photoluminescence of Alq<sub>3</sub> on nanotextured silver surfaces to investigate the feasibility of using plasmon enhancement of radiative rates to improve the performance of organic light-emitting diodes. We observe more than 20-fold increases in photoluminescence and separate the contributions of absorption and emissive efficiency increases. With optimized silver coverage, the fraction of excited states created that fluorescence can be made nearly 100 %, an increase of more than 3 times relative to thin films without silver.