gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propagation of Chromium(III) Acetate Solutions Through Dolomite Rock (2003)

Summary Chromium(III)-polymer gel systems are often used in permeability modification treatments for flow control. In-depth treatment of the carbonate rock matrix by these systems is of concern because rock-fluid interactions can lead to loss of chromium and may limit the penetration of a gel treatment. This paper describes a study of chromium retention in dolomite cores in the absence of polymer and demonstrates that precipitation of chromium is the principal retention mechanism. Displacement experiments were conducted in which chromium(III) acetate solutions were continuously displaced at different flow rates through Baker dolomite cores with permeabilities from 19 to 25 md. In some experiments, the cores were shut in and the resident fluid displaced and analyzed to determine chromium retention during the shut-in period. There was significant retention of chromium in the core in both continuous and shut-in experiments. In the continuous displacements, effluent concentration profiles were a function of flow rate, indicating that the retention was a rate-dependent process. In the range of concentrations studied, 0 to 1% by weight, the presence of KCl increased the retention rate. At the lowest flow rate used, effluent chromium concentration approached a steady-state value that was much smaller than the injected concentration. The retention capacity of the rock appeared to be infinite. Chromium concentrations at various residence times were compared to values predicted from a kinetic model developed for precipitation from bulk solutions. The kinetic model fit the precipitation rate data well and is consistent with the conclusion that precipitation is the principal retention mechanism. However, the induction period observed in bulk solutions was not present in the data taken in the cores. Precipitation occurred faster in the cores than in the batch experiments. The experimental results indicate that chromium is precipitated at a relatively high rate when chromium acetate solution is in contact with dolomite core material. This loss of chromium may inhibit gelation and limit the depth of penetration of a gel system in dolomite matrix rock.
Fibre optic humidity sensor designed for highly alkaline environments (2014)

This paper presents the design of a sensor packaging for a Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) based fibre optic humidity sensor. The evaluation of the developed fibre optic sensor was performed under experimental conditions and verified its capability to withstand highly alkaline environments. Therefore, the sensor can be applied to monitor the concrete humidity level and thus to indicate the maintenance of concrete structures.
Sea-ice detection for autonomous underwater vehicles and oceanographic lagrangian platforms by continuous-wave laser polarimetry (2018)

The use of Lagrangian platforms and of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) in oceanography has increased rapidly over the last decade along with the development of improved biological and chemical sensors. These vehicles provide new spatial and temporal scales for observational studies of the ocean. They offer a broad range of deployment and recovery capabilities that reduce the need of large research vessels. This is especially true for ice-covered Arctic ocean where surface navigation is only possible during the summer period. Moreover, safe underwater navigation in icy waters requires the capability of detecting sea ice on the surface (ice sheets). AUVs navigating in such conditions risk collisions, RF communication shadowing, and being trapped by ice keels. In this paper, an underwater sea-ice detection apparatus is described. The source is a polarized continuous wave (CW) diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSS) module operating at 532 nm. The detector is composed of a polarizing beam splitter, which separates light of S and P polarization states and two photodetectors, one for each polarized component. Since sea-ice is a strong depolarizer, the ratio P/S is an indicator of the presence or absence of sea-ice. The system is capable of detecting sea-ice at a distance of 12m. This apparatus is designed to be used by free drifting profiling floats (e.g., Argo floats), buoyancy driven vehicles (e.g., sea gliders) and propeller-driven robots (e.g., Hugin class AUV).
Rapid assessment of the stability of DNA duplexes by impedimetric real-time monitoring of chemically induced denaturation (2011)

In this article, we report on the electronic monitoring of DNA denaturation by NaOH using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in combination with fluorescence imaging as a reference technique. The probe DNA consisting of a 36-mer fragment was covalently immobilized on nanocrystalline-diamond electrodes and hybridized with different types of 29-mer target DNA (complementary, single-nucleotide defects at two different positions, and a non-complementary random sequence). The mathematical separation of the impedimetric signals into the time constant for NaOH exposure and the intrinsic denaturation-time constants gives clear evidence that the denaturation times reflect the intrinsic stability of the DNA duplexes. The intrinsic time constants correlate with calculated DNA-melting temperatures. The impedimetric method requires minimal instrumentation, is label-free and fast with a typical time scale of minutes and is highly reproducible. The sensor electrodes can be used repetitively. These elements suggest that the monitoring of chemically induced denaturation at room temperature is an interesting approach to measure DNA duplex stability as an alternative to thermal denaturation at elevated temperatures, used in DNA-melting experiments and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis.
Block copolymers of thiophene-capped poly(methyl methacrylate) with pyrrole (1999)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) with a thiophene end group having narrow polydispersity was prepared by the Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) technique. Subsequently, electrically conducting block copolymers of thiophene-capped poly(methyl methacrylate) with pyrrole were synthesized by using p-toluene sulfonic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate as the supporting electrolytes via constant potential electrolysis. Characterization of the block copolymers were performed by CV, FTIR, SEM, TGA, and DSC analyses. Electrical conductivities were evaluated by the four-probe technique. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 4218–4225, 1999
Hand before foot? Cortical somatotopy suggests manual dexterity is primitive and evolved independently of bipedalism (2013)

People have long speculated whether the evolution of bipedalism in early hominins triggered tool use (by freeing their hands) or whether the necessity of making and using tools encouraged the shift to upright gait. Either way, it is commonly thought that one led to the other. In this study, we sought to shed new light on the origins of manual dexterity and bipedalism by mapping the neural representations in the brain of the fingers and toes of living people and monkeys. Contrary to the 'hand-in-glove' notion outlined above, our results suggest that adaptations underlying tool use evolved independently of those required for human bipedality. In both humans and monkeys, we found that each finger was represented separately in the primary sensorimotor cortex just as they are physically separated in the hand. This reflects the ability to use each digit independently, as required for the complex manipulation involved in tool use. The neural mapping of the subjects' toes differed, however. In the monkeys, the somatotopic representation of the toes was fused, showing that the digits function predominantly as a unit in general grasping. Humans, by contrast, had an independent neurological representation of the big toe (hallux), suggesting association with bipedal locomotion. These observations suggest that the brain circuits for the hand had advanced beyond simple grasping, whereas our primate ancestors were still general arboreal quadrupeds. This early adaptation laid the foundation for the evolution of manual dexterity, which was preserved and enhanced in hominins. In hominins, a separate adaptation, involving the neural separation of the big toe, apparently occurred with bipedality. This accords with the known fossil evidence, including the recently reported hominin fossils which have been dated to 4.4 million years ago.
A trust-based framework for vehicular travel with non-binary reports and its validation via an extensive simulation testbed (2014)

Abstract In this paper, we offer an algorithm for intelligent decision making about travel path planning in mobile vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), for scenarios where agents representing vehicles exchange reports about traffic. One challenge that arises is how best to model the trustworthiness of those traffic reports. To this end, we outline an algorithm for effectively soliciting, receiving and analyzing the trustworthiness of these reports, to drive a vehicle’s decision about the path to follow. Distinct from earlier work, we clarify the need for specifying the conditions under which reports are exchanged and for processing non-binary reports, culminating in a proposed algorithm to achieve that processing, as part of the trust modeling and path planning. To validate our approach we then offer a detailed evaluation framework that achieves large scale simulation of traffic, travel and reporting of information, confirming the value of our proposed approach by demonstrating the average speed of vehicles which follow our algorithm (compared to ones that do not). This experimental framework is promoted as a significant contribution towards the goal of evaluating trust algorithms for intelligent decision making in traffic scenarios.
Average Case Analysis of Multichannel Sparse Recovery Using Convex Relaxation (2009)

In this paper, we consider recovery of jointly sparse multichannel signals from incomplete measurements. Several approaches have been developed to recover the unknown sparse vectors from the given observations, including thresholding, simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit (SOMP), and convex relaxation based on a mixed matrix norm. Typically, worst-case analysis is carried out in order to analyze conditions under which the algorithms are able to recover any jointly sparse set of vectors. However, such an approach is not able to provide insights into why joint sparse recovery is superior to applying standard sparse reconstruction methods to each channel individually. Previous work considered an average case analysis of thresholding and SOMP by imposing a probability model on the measured signals. In this paper, our main focus is on analysis of convex relaxation techniques. In particular, we focus on the mixed l_2,1 approach to multichannel recovery. We show that under a very mild condition on the sparsity and on the dictionary characteristics, measured for example by the coherence, the probability of recovery failure decays exponentially in the number of channels. This demonstrates that most of the time, multichannel sparse recovery is indeed superior to single channel methods. Our probability bounds are valid and meaningful even for a small number of signals. Using the tools we develop to analyze the convex relaxation method, we also tighten the previous bounds for thresholding and SOMP.
On-the-fly garbage collection (1978)

As an example of cooperation between sequential processes with very little mutual interference despite frequent manipulations of a large shared data space, a technique is developed which allows nearly all of the activity needed for garbage detection and collection to be performed by an additional processor operating concurrently with the processor devoted to the computation proper. Exclusion and synchronization constraints have been kept as weak as could be achieved; the severe complexities engendered by doing so are illustrated.
Protective role of alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone against ionizing radiation in U937 cells and mice. (2003)

Ionizing radiation (IR) induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play an important causative role in radiation damage. alpha-Phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (PBN) is one of the most widely used spin-trapping compounds for investigating the existence of free radicals in biological systems. We investigated the protective role of PBN against IR in U937 cells and mice. On exposure to IR, there was a distinct difference between the control cells and the cells pretreated with PBN in regard to viability, cellular redox status, and oxidative damage to cells. Lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage, and protein oxidation were significantly lower in the cells treated with PBN when the cells were exposed to IR. Although the activities of antioxidant enzymes were comparable in PBN-treated and control cells, the [GSSG]:[GSH + GSSG] ratio and the generation of intracellular ROS were higher and the [NADPH]:[NADP(+) + NADPH] ratio was lower in control cells compared with PBN-treated cells. The IR-induced mitochondrial damage reflected by the altered mitochondrial permeability transition, the increase in the accumulation of ROS, the reduction of ATP production, and the morphological change were significantly higher in control cells compared with PBN-treated cells. PBN administration for 14 days with a daily dosage of 30 mg/kg provided substantial protection against killing and oxidative damage to mice exposed to whole body irradiation. These data indicate that PBN may have great application potential as a new class of in vivo, nonsulfur-containing radiation protector.
Normal and Abnormal Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics Evaluated by Optimized Cine Phase-contrast MR Imaging (2000)

To evaluate the normal and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamics by quantitatively measuring the peak velocity of CSF in the aqueduct using two- dimensional cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
A prospective CSF flow study was performed with the use of an optimized two-dimensional cine phase-contrast MR technique. Ten normal age-matched volunteers (mean age 58.5 years) and 20 patients with abnormal CSF hydrodynamics were enrolled. The patient groups include 16 normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) cases (mean age 69.2 years) and four with communicating hydrocphalus (CH) (mean age 38.5 years). All images were acquired on both sagittal and axial planes using a bipolar gradient pulse sequence on a 1.5-tesla scanner (Siemens Vsion+, Erlangen, Germany).
The mean maximum CSF flow velocities (Vmax) at the aqueduct were 4.93 ± 0.28 cm/s (mean ± SD) for the control group, and 6.22 ± 0.67 and 7.24 ± 1.08 cm/s for the NPH and CH groups, respectively. 
The NPH group could be further divided into hyper-and hypodynamic groups when compared with the normal agematched subjects. Vmax of the control group was significantly higher than that of the hypodynamic-NPH group (1.92 ± 1.11 cm/s, p ＜ 0.001) and lower than that of the CH group (p ＜ 0.007) and of the hyperdynamic-NPH group (10.52 ± 0.23 cm/s, p ＜ 0.001)
With optimized parametric setting, two-dimensional cine phase-contrast MR imaging appears to be practical for routine evaluation of patients for routine evaluation of patients with abnormal CSF flow dynamics. The peak velocity of the CSF flow was significantly higher in the hyperdynamic-NPH group but lower in the hypodynamic-NPH group as compared with the control group. Our results confirm that, in MPH patients, a pre-surgical MR imaging evaluation of CSF potentially can be very helpful in distinguishing the low-CSF-dynamic from high-CSF-dynamic groups before any CSF diversion procedure is contemplated.
Microelectrode Recording during Posteroventral Pallidotomy: Impact on Target Selection and Complications (1999)

MER provides important targeting information for performing pallidotomy. In particular, the micrometric delineation of the ventral border of the globus pallidus pars interna permits safe lesioning of the posteroventral region of the globus pallidus pars interna with little risk of visual field deficit. These data can be obtained efficiently and without increased surgical risk.
Schistomiasis morbidity to hospital ward of hospital of point g in Bamako - Mali. (2005)

Summary Aims The coinfection of the VIH and the schistosomiasis is affections brought back in schistosomiasis endemic area. We valued the level of morbidity partner to the schistosomiasis in hospital yard to patients hospitalized without distinction of immunological statute of patients. Patients and Methods Our study was retrospective and prospective. We included all patients hospitalized to internal Medicine and infectious diseases carriers of schistosomiasis to the mucous rectal biopsy and parasitologic exam of stools and urines between January 1998 and July 2005. Results Twenty-four patients were included in the survey of which 15 of masculine sex (62,50%) and 9 of feminine sex (37,50%). The sex ratio (H/F) = 1,66. The most tainted professions were pupils, peasants and housewives. Ten patients had benefited from the VIH tracking (41,66%) and 6 patients were seropositive for the VIH (25%). Sixty fifteen percent of patients accommodated Schistosoma haematobium (18 cases), 20,83% Schistosoma mansoni (5 cases) and 1 patient had a mixed infection. It doesn't exist a statistically difference between the frequency of species met (p = 0,061) . The main motives of hospitalization were the fever (12,50%), the hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, the ascite, the abdominal pain associated to the diarrhea and the diarrhea associated to an anemic syndrome with 8,20% for each of these motives. The most frequent clinical symptomatology was diarrhea (12,50%). The underlying pathologies more associated were the opportunist infections of the VIH (8,30%) the cirrhosis (12,50%), a syndrome amoebic dysentery syndrome (8,30%), a hepatic granuloma (8,30%). In the group of patients HIV positive the symptomatology was made of chronic and /or of glair - bloody diarrhea. One alone patient with a rate of CD4 = 279/mm3 presented prurigos in bouquet on the right flank. All patients without immunological statute distinction answered favorably to the treatment by the praziquantel. Conclusion The schistosomiasis stays even frequent in hospital yard of Bamako. The best understanding of the interaction between HIV and schistosomiasis is a pledge of the success of struggle programs in endemic area of schistosomiasis and of VIH.
Mutation in domain II of IAA1 confers diverse auxin‐related phenotypes and represses auxin‐activated expression of Aux/IAA genes in steroid regulator‐inducible system (2002)

Most of Aux/IAA genes are rapidly induced by auxin. The Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived nuclear proteins sharing the four conserved domains. Domain II is critical for rapid degradation of Aux/IAA proteins. Among these gene family members, IAA1 is one of the earliest auxin-inducible genes. We used a steroid hormone-inducible system to reveal putative roles and downstream signaling of IAA1 in auxin response. Arabidopsis transgenic plants were generated expressing fusion protein of IAA1 (IAA1-GR) or IAA1 with a mutation in domain II (iaa1-GR) and the glucocorticoid hormone-binding domain (GR). IAA1-GR transgenic plants did not exhibit any discernable phenotypic differences by DEX treatment that allows nuclear translocation of the fusion protein. In contrast, diverse auxin-related physiological processes including gravitropism and phototropism were impaired by DEX treatment in roots, hypocotyls, stems, and leaves in iaa1-GR transgenic plants. Auxin induction of seven Aux/IAA mRNAs including IAA1 itself was repressed by DEX treatment, suggesting that IAA1 functions in the nucleus by mediating auxin response and might act as a negative feedback regulator for the expression of Aux/IAA genes including IAA1 itself. Auxin induction of Aux/IAA genes in the presence of cycloheximide can be repressed by DEX treatment, showing that the repression of transcription of the Aux/IAAs by the iaa1 mutant protein is primary. Wild-type IAA1-GR could not suppress auxin induction of IAA1 and IAA2. These results indicate that inhibition of auxin-activated transcription of Aux/IAA genes by the iaa1 mutant protein might be responsible for alteration of various auxin responses.
Viscoelastic membrane modes adjacent to a hard wall (2018)

SoyPC membrane stack modes adjacent to a hard hydrophilic wall were observed to be of viscoelastic character on nanosecond time scales [1]. This is astonishing because nearly all soft matter systems display over-damped behavior on nanosecond time scales, because the molecular friction is rather strong. This has direct impact on energy dissipation along the membrane, because shock energies could be distributed over larger areas as classically into the volume in the normal direction. Membrane stacks in mammalian joints could benefit from that effect.We started to observe soyPC membrane stacks in terms of structure using grazing incidence small angle neutron scattering. These systems we doped with ibuprofen [2] molecules to observe the malfunction of the membrane. Ibuprofen is known to cause stomach bleeding upon extensive use.The pure membranes in water were studied using grazing incidence neutron spin echo spectroscopy. One drawback of this method is the weak scattering intensity resulting from small scattering volumes next to the solid-liquid interface and from the small apertures that are needed to define the incident angle well. A neutron resonator [3] was developed to enhance the impinging wave-field dramatically such that neutron spectroscopy at interfaces becomes feasible.References[1] S. Jaksch, O. Holderer, M. Gvaramia, M. Ohl, M. Monkenbusch, H. Frielinghaus, Sci. Reports 7, 4417 (2017)[2] S. Jaksch, F. Lipfert, A. Koutsioubas, S. Mattauch, O. Holderer, O. Ivanova, H. Frielinghaus, S. Hertrich, S.F. Fischer, B. Nickel, Phys. Rev. E 91, 022716 (2015)[3] H. Frielinghaus, M. Gvaramia, G. Mangiapia, S. Jaksch, M. Ganeva, A. Koutsioubas, S. Mattauch, M. Ohl, M. Monkenbusch, O. Holderer, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 871, 72-76 (2017)
Soluble tumor necrosis factor (sTNF) receptors: a possible prognostic marker for bone marrow transplantation-related complications. (1996)

Involvement of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in bone marrow transplantation (BMT)-associated complications has been documented. Biological response to TNF requires interaction with specific cell membrane receptors. Extracellular domains of these receptors are released into body fluids as soluble molecules, and participate in the bioactivity of TNF. Serum levels of p55 and p75 soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) were determined in 34 patients with different diseases who underwent BMT. Sequential studies initiated 10 days before BMT and continued up to 110 days post-transplantation showed that p55 and p75 sTNFR levels were elevated significantly in patients who subsequently developed major transplant-related complications (TRC). Moreover, both sTNFR levels were increased 2- to 3-fold over control values during post-BMT febrile periods in those patients who at a later stage suffered major TRC. These results indicate that the serum level of sTNFR may be used as a prognostic marker for major TRC in BMT.
The minimal cadherin-catenin complex binds to actin filaments under force (2014)

Linkage between the adherens junction (AJ) and the actin cytoskeleton is required for tissue development and homeostasis. In vivo findings indicated that the AJ proteins E-cadherin, β-catenin, and the filamentous (F)-actin binding protein αE-catenin form a minimal cadherin-catenin complex that binds directly to F-actin. Biochemical studies challenged this model because the purified cadherin-catenin complex does not bind F-actin in solution. Here, we reconciled this difference. Using an optical trap-based assay, we showed that the minimal cadherin-catenin complex formed stable bonds with an actin filament under force. Bond dissociation kinetics can be explained by a catch-bond model in which force shifts the bond from a weakly to a strongly bound state. These results may explain how the cadherin-catenin complex transduces mechanical forces at cell-cell junctions.