gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Loading Attenuates Radiation-Induced Bone Loss in Bone Marrow Transplanted Mice (2016)

Exposure of bone to ionizing radiation, as occurs during radiotherapy for some localized malignancies and blood or bone marrow cancers, as well as during space travel, incites dose-dependent bone morbidity and increased fracture risk. Rapid trabecular and endosteal bone loss reflects acutely increased osteoclastic resorption as well as decreased bone formation due to depletion of osteoprogenitors. Because of this dysregulation of bone turnover, bone's capacity to respond to a mechanical loading stimulus in the aftermath of irradiation is unknown. We employed a mouse model of total body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation simulating treatment of hematologic cancers, hypothesizing that compression loading would attenuate bone loss. Furthermore, we hypothesized that loading would upregulate donor cell presence in loaded tibias due to increased engraftment and proliferation. We lethally irradiated 16 female C57Bl/6J mice at age 16 wks with 10.75 Gy, then IV-injected 20 million GFP(+) total bone marrow cells. That same day, we initiated 3 wks compression loading (1200 cycles 5x/wk, 10 N) in the right tibia of 10 of these mice while 6 mice were irradiated, non-mechanically-loaded controls. As anticipated, before-and-after microCT scans demonstrated loss of trabecular bone (-48.2% Tb.BV/TV) and cortical thickness (-8.3%) at 3 wks following irradiation. However, loaded bones lost 31% less Tb.BV/TV and 8% less cortical thickness (both p<0.001). Loaded bones also had significant increases in trabecular thickness and tissue mineral densities from baseline. Mechanical loading did not affect donor cell engraftment. Importantly, these results demonstrate that both cortical and trabecular bone exposed to high-dose therapeutic radiation remain capable of an anabolic response to mechanical loading. These findings inform our management of bone health in cases of radiation exposure.
Measuring adversaries (2004)

Many concepts and techniques developed for general Internet measurement have counterparts in the domain of detecting and analyzing network attacks. The task is greatly complicated, however, by the fact that the object of study is adversarial : attackers do not wish to be "measured" and will take steps to thwart observation. We look at the far-ranging consequences of this different measurement environment: the analysis difficulties-some fundamental-that arise due to subtle ambiguities in the true semantics of observed traffic; new notions of "active measurement"; the highly challenging task of rapidly characterizing Internet-scale pheonmena such as global worm pandemics; the need for detailed application-level analysis and related policy and legal difficulties; attacks that target passive analysis tools; and the inherent "arms race" nature of the undertaking.
ABSOLUTE: AN INFORMATION VISUALIZATION SYSTEM FOR DECISION SUPPORT IN SOURCING (2002)

ABSolute is a general-purpose, multi-dimensional decision support system which has a highly sophisticated visualization-based user interface for direct data manipulation. The interface and analysis facilities of this system enable the users to effectively view, explore, search, compare and classify data items to make discoveries, decisions or explanations about patterns, groups of items, or individual items with the highest level of confidence and knowledge. The usefulness of this system is demonstrated in solving a complex decision-making problem in a business environment: a bid evaluation and selection problem in corporate procurement using a RFQ (Request-For-Quotes) process.
Using a scale testbed: Controller design and evaluation (2001)

To circumvent the cost and inherent danger in testing aggressive vehicle controllers using full-sized vehicles, a scale vehicle testbed has been developed for use as an evaluation tool to bridge the design gap between simulation studies and full-sized hardware. We describe vehicle dynamic models of the IRS simulation system, along with experimental verification using frequency response and parameter measurements. The next section provides a detailed discussion of dynamic similitude via the Buckingham pi theorem (1914), as well as a graphical comparison between distributions of dynamic scale parameters of scaled and full-sized vehicles. Following that, a yaw rate vehicle controller is introduced to exemplify the type of investigations that can be conducted with the IRS. The controller uses differential torque and brake inputs to assist the driver to control the yaw rate of the vehicle and is designed to achieve model tracking while allowing the driver to maintain control over the front wheels of the vehicle.
Proton induces apoptosis of hypoxic tumor cells by the p53-dependent and p38/JNK MAPK signaling pathways (1992)

Tumor hypoxia is a main obstacle for radiation therapy. To investigate whether exposure to a proton beam can overcome radioresistance in hypoxic tumor cells, three kinds of cancer cells, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells, hepatoma HepG2 and Molt-4 leukemia cells, were treated with a proton beam (35 MeV, 1, 2, 5, 10 Gy) in the presence or absence of hypoxia. Cell death rates were determined 72 h after irradiation. Hypoxic cells exposed to the proton beam underwent a typical apoptotic program, showing condensed nuclei, fragmented DNA ladders, and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis revealed a significant increase in Annexin-V-positive cells. Cells treated with the proton beam and hypoxia displayed increased expression of p53, p21 and Bax, but decreased levels of phospho-Rb, Bcl-2 and XIAP, as well as activated caspase-9 and -3. The proton beam with hypoxia induced cell death in wild-type HCT116 cells, but not in a p53 knockout cell line, demonstrating a requirement for p53. As reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also significantly increased, apoptosis could also be abolished by treatment with the anti-oxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were activated by the treatment, and their respective DN mutants restored the cell death induced by either proton therapy alone or with hypoxia. In conclusion, proton beam treatment did not differently regulate cancer cell apoptosis either in normoxic or hypoxic conditions via a p53-dependent mechanism and by the activation of p38/JNK MAPK pathways through ROS.
Sequential Matching Network: A New Architecture for Multi-turn Response Selection in Retrieval-Based Chatbots (2017)

We study response selection for multiturn conversation in retrieval-based chatbots. Existing work either concatenates utterances in context or matches a response with a highly abstract context vector finally, which may lose relationships among utterances or important contextual information. We propose a sequential matching network (SMN) to address both problems. SMN first matches a response with each utterance in the context on multiple levels of granularity, and distills important matching information from each pair as a vector with convolution and pooling operations. The vectors are then accumulated in a chronological order through a recurrent neural network (RNN) which models relationships among utterances. The final matching score is calculated with the hidden states of the RNN. An empirical study on two public data sets shows that SMN can significantly outperform stateof-the-art methods for response selection in multi-turn conversation.
Characterization of regular periodic surface structure by multi-pulse laser irradiation of a Zinc target (2012)

The circular-like sidewall and trench around the periphery of the crater are obtained on Zinc metal surface subjected to fewer than 200 cumulative pulses laser ablation. These patterns can be attributed to the higher secondary heating by regular plasma spherical pressure. The 600 pulses laser ablation, however, results in the formation of undesirable bulk wrinkles of super-heated liquid at the side of the trench. These features may be applied in micro-manufacturing of high localizability and selectivity using laser zone texturing.
Impurity in γ-Glutamyl p-Nitroanilide Used as Substrate for D-Glutamyl Transferase (1973)

Journal Article Impurity in γ-Glutamyl p-Nitroanilide Used as Substrate for D-Glutamyl Transferase Get access J A Rowe, J A Rowe Department of Paediatric Biochemistry St. Mary’s Hospital Praed Street London, W.2., England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D Tarlow, D Tarlow Department of Paediatric Biochemistry St. Mary’s Hospital Praed Street London, W.2., England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S B Rosalki S B Rosalki Department of Paediatric Biochemistry St. Mary’s Hospital Praed Street London, W.2., England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 19, Issue 4, 1 April 1973, Pages 435–436, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/19.4.435 Published: 01 April 1973
Association rule mining for the ordered placement of traditional Chinese medicine containers (2020)

In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinics, the pharmacists responsible for dispensing the herbal medicine usually find the desired ingredients based on positions of the shelves (racks; frames; stands). Generally, these containers are arranged in an alphabetical order depending on the herbal medicine they contain. However, certain related ingredients tend to be used together in many prescriptions, even though the containers may be stored far away from each other. This can cause problems, especially when there are many patients and/or the limited number of pharmacists. If the dispensing time takes longer, it is likely to impact the satisfaction of the patients' experience. Moreover, the stamina of the pharmacists will be consumed quickly.In this study, we investigate on an association rule mining technology to improve efficiency in TCM dispensing based on the frequent pattern growth algorithm and try to identify which 2 or 3 herbal medicines will match together frequently in prescriptions. Furthermore, 3 experimental studies are conducted based on a dataset collected from a traditional Chinese medicine hospital. The dataset includes information for an entire year (2014), including 4 seasons and doctors. Afterward, a questionnaire on the usefulness of the extracted rules was administered to the pharmacists in the case hospital. The responses showed the mining results to be very valuable as a reference for the placement and ordering of the frames in the TCM pharmacies and drug stores.
Survival of cultured allografts in patients with burns assessed with probe specific for Y chromosome. (1989)

The aim of the study was to determine the fate of cultured skin allografts in patients with burns. In situ DNA hybridisation with a Y probe (pHY 2.1) was used to detect cells carrying the Y chromosome (the probe being visualised by the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase method) in biopsy specimens taken from cultured allografts derived from donors of the opposite sex to the recipients (20 patients with burns). Specimens were taken within a week, between one and three weeks, between four and six weeks, and more than six weeks after grafting. Only two of the 27 biopsy specimens contained cells that were the same sex as the donor; both were taken within a week after grafting. In the 25 other specimens the epithelial cells were the same sex as the recipient. Cultured skin allografts showed no evidence of survival in patients with burns, which suggests that they are probably not suitable for long term management of burns but may be useful as short term biological dressings.
The Collection Efficiency of Shielded and Unshielded Precipitation Gauges. Part I: CFD Airflow Modeling (2015)

Abstract The aerodynamic response of snow gauges when exposed to the wind is responsible for a significant reduction of their collection performance. The modifications induced by the gauge and the windshield onto the space–time patterns of the undisturbed airflow deviate the snowflake trajectories. In Part I, the disturbed air velocity field in the vicinity of shielded and unshielded gauge configurations is investigated. In Part II, the airflow is the basis for a particle tracking model of snowflake trajectories to estimate the collection efficiency. A Geonor T-200B gauge inside a single Alter shield is simulated for wind speeds varying from 1 to 8 m s−1. Both time-averaged and time-dependent computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed, based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) models, respectively. A shear stress tensor k–Ω model (where k is the turbulent kinetic energy and Ω is the turbulent specific dissipation rate) is used for the RANS formulation and solved within a finite-volume method. The LES is implemented with a Smagorinsky subgrid-scale method that models the subgrid stresses as a gradient-diffusion process. The RANS simulations confirm the attenuation of the airflow velocity above the gauge when using a single Alter shield, but the generated turbulence above the orifice rim is underestimated. The intensity and spatial extension of the LES-resolved turbulent region show a dependency on the wind speed that was not detected by the RANS. The time-dependent analysis showed the propagation of turbulent structures and the impact on the turbulent kinetic energy above the gauge collecting section.
Selective Modification of Variable Loops Alters Tropism and Enhances Immunogenicity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope (2006)

We have recently recognized an inadvertent error in the Materials and Methods section.The centrifuge rotors and g forces were described incorrectly and should read as follows.Buoyant density gradient analysis of lentiviral vectors.The supernatants were harvested and filtered through a 0.45-m syringe filter.The recombinant virus was first concentrated by layering a 10-ml sample in tissue culture media onto 2.5 ml of Optiprep (Iodixanol) (60%) solution (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) and centrifuging it at 53,000 ϫ g for 1 h in a Sorvall TH-641 rotor (Kendro, Newtown, Conn.).The top 7.5 ml of supernatant was removed, and the remaining solution was mixed uniformly to achieve a final concentration of 30% Optiprep in a 5-ml final volume.The gradient was formed by centrifugation at 363,000 ϫ g for 3.5 h with a Beckman NVT-100 rotor.This information does not alter the conclusions of the paper.
Macroblock-based adaptive interpolation filter method using new filter selection in H.264/AVC (2008)

The macroblock (MB)-based adaptive interpolation filter method has been considered to be able to achieve high coding efficiency in H.264/AVC. Although the conventional cost functions have showed a good performance in terms of rate and distortion, it still leaves room for improvement. To improve coding efficiency, we introduce a new cost function which considers two bit rates, motion vector and prediction error, and reconstruction error of MB. The filter which minimizes the proposed cost function is adaptively selected per MB. Experimental results show that the adaptive interpolation filter with the proposed cost function significantly improves the coding efficiency compared to ones using conventional cost function. It leads to about a 5.19% (1 reference frame) and 5.14% (5 reference frames) bit rate reduction on average compared to H.264/AVC, respectively.
Eicosanoid regulation of the renal vasculature (2000)

Even though it has been recognized that arachidonic acid metabolites, eicosanoids, play an important role in the control of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration, several key observations have been made in the past decade. One major finding was that two distinct cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes exist in the kidney. A renewed interest in the contribution of cyclooxygenase metabolites in tubuloglomerular feedback responses has been sparked by the observation that COX-2 is constitutively expressed in the macula densa area. Arachidonic acid metabolites of the lipoxygenase pathway appear to be significant factors in renal hemodynamic changes that occur during disease states. In particular, 12(S)- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid may be important for the full expression of the renal hemodynamic actions in response to angiotensin II. Cytochrome P-450 metabolites have been demonstrated to possess vasoactive properties, act as paracrine modulators, and be a critical component in renal blood flow autoregulatory responses. Last, peroxidation of arachidonic acid metabolites to isoprostanes appears to be involved in renal oxidative stress responses. The recent developments of specific enzymatic inhibitors, stable analogs, and gene-disrupted mice and in antisense technology are enabling investigators to understand the complex interplay by which eicosanoids control renal blood flow.
Using machine learning as an aid to seismic geomorphology, which attributes are the best input? (2019)

Volcanic rocks with intermediate magma composition indicate distinctive patterns in seismic amplitude data. Depending on the processes by which they were extruded to the surface, these patterns may be chaotic, moderate-amplitude reflectors (indicative of pyroclastic flows) or continuous high-amplitude reflectors (indicative of lava flows). We have identified appropriate seismic attributes that highlight the characteristics of such patterns and use them as input to self-organizing maps to isolate these volcanic facies from their clastic counterpart. Our analysis indicates that such clustering is possible when the patterns are approximately self-similar, such that the appearance of objects does not change at different scales of observation. We adopt a workflow that can help interpreters to decide what methods and what attributes to use as an input for machine learning algorithms, depending on the nature of the target pattern of interest, and we apply it to the Kora 3D seismic survey acquired offshore in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. The resulting clusters are then interpreted using the limited well control and principles of seismic geomorphology.
Controlling the betatron oscillations of a wakefield-accelerated electron beam by temporally asymmetric laser pulses (2011)

Based on two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we investigated the electron beam’s transverse oscillations by temporally asymmetric laser pulses in laser wakefield acceleration. Of particular interest in this article are the effects of ultrashort laser pulses having sharp rising and slow falling time scales. In this situation, the accelerated electron beam interacts directly with the laser field and undergoes transverse oscillations due to a phase-slip with the laser field. This oscillation can be matched with the betatron oscillation due to the focusing force of the ions, which can lead to a large transverse oscillation amplitude due to the resonance between them. Furthermore, in this case, the electron beam can be microbunched at the laser wavelength, which may provide the possibility for generation of a coherent synchrotron radiation.
Head tracked single and multi-user autostereoscopic displays (2006)

This paper describes the authors&apos; development of single user and multi-user 3D displays that do not require the wearing of special eyewear (autostereoscopic) and employ head position tracking in order to enable a large degree of freedom of viewer movement. This makes them particularly suited to TV applications. The results of human factors work on the displays will also be described. Finally, current development based on prior work is explained.
Dynamic imaging of dendritic cell extension into the small bowel lumen in response to epithelial cell TLR engagement (2006)

Cells lining the gastrointestinal tract serve as both a barrier to and a pathway for infectious agent entry. Dendritic cells (DCs) present in the lamina propria under the columnar villus epithelium of the small bowel extend processes across this epithelium and capture bacteria, but previous studies provided limited information on the nature of the stimuli, receptors, and signaling events involved in promoting this phenomenon. Here, we use immunohistochemical as well as dynamic explant and intravital two-photon imaging to investigate this issue. Analysis of CD11c-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or major histocompatibility complex CII-EGFP mice revealed that the number of trans-epithelial DC extensions, many with an unusual "balloon" shape, varies along the length of the small bowel. High numbers of such extensions were found in the proximal jejunum, but only a few were present in the terminal ileum. The extensions in the terminal ileum markedly increased upon the introduction of invasive or noninvasive Salmonella organisms, and chimeric mouse studies revealed the key role of MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling by nonhematopoietic (epithelial) elements in the DC extension response. Collectively, these findings support a model in which epithelial cell TLR signaling upon exposure to microbial stimuli induces active DC sampling of the gut lumen at sites distant from organized lymphoid tissues.
Direct Observation of Distinctive Electronic States of Ferrocene Moieties in Ferrocene-Bridged Trisporphyrin on Au(111) Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy (2021)

The mechanical and electronic properties of ferrocene-bridged trisporphyrin (<b>Fc2P3</b>), which consists of three porphyrin units bridged via a ferrocene (Fc) moiety and adsorbed onto Au(111), were investigated by a pulse injection method using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). STM images revealed that <b>Fc2P3</b> adsorbed onto Au(111) adopts a linear arrangement with a herringbone reconstruction structure comprising both Fc and porphyrin moieties. Sequential submolecular-resolution STM images and conformational analyses using a simple molecular model revealed that the ferrocene moiety acts as a molecular ball bearing. The electronic states originating from the ferrocene group were clearly observed by bias voltage-dependent STM images, the d<i>I</i>/d<i>V</i> map, and STS. Distinct electronic states are found approximately 1 eV below <i>E</i><sub>f</sub> in the STS spectrum acquired of Fc, whereas these are absent in the porphyrin spectrum.
De Novo Synthesis of Sugar-Aza-Crown Ethers via a Domino Staudinger Aza-Wittig Reaction (2006)

A short and highly efficient route to sugar-aza-crown (SAC) ethers has been developed. The key step of the transformation is a one-pot cyclodimerization of C-glycosyl azido aldehydes via a domino Staudinger aza-Wittig reaction. This process allows the preparation of various orthogonally protected SAC ethers, from both alpha- and beta-C-glycosyl azido aldehydes.
2-Chloro-6-(2,3-dichlorobenzenesulfonamido)benzoic acid (2013)

In the title compound, C13H8Cl3NO4S, the aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 68.94 (1)° and the mol-ecule adopts a V-shape. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O inter-action generates a six-membered S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, pairs of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the carb-oxy group link the mol-ecules into inversion dimers with an R 2 (2)(8) motif. N-H⋯O and non-classical C-H⋯O inter-actions connect the mol-ecules, forming sheets propagating in (100).
Cover Feature: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 2‐Alkynylstyrenes via 1,2‐Carbon Migration That Leads to Substituted Naphthalenes (Chem. Eur. J. 45/2018) (2018)

Catalytic processes that involve internal alkyne-to-vinylidene rearrangement of internal alkynes by 1,2-carbon migration and a subsequent carbon–carbon bond formation have not yet been reported. The simple ruthenium complex [CpRu(dppe)]+ catalyzes the cycloaromatization of 2-alkynylstyrenes via 1,2-carbon migration, which leads to various di- and trisubstituted naphthalenes. The disubstituted vinylidene complex that is derived directly from the 2-(phenylethynyl)styrene and [CpRu(dppe)]+ is the isolable and key intermediate in this cycloisomerization. More information can be found in the Communication by Y. Mutoh, S. Saito, et al. on page 11545.