gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
D112 Observation of Vapor Bubble near the Three Phase Contact Line in Pool Boiling (2007)

A series of experiments of pool boiling with water, R141b, water/lithium chloride solutions were performed on a horizontal transparent heater (FTO) at Atmospheric pressure. The bubble behavior was observed from behind the heating surface with a high speed digital camera. The process of bubble growth can be divided into two areas by the behavior of adsorbed film. The difference of the process of bubble growth in two areas was attributed to bubble structure near the three phase contact line. Furthermore, instability of vapor/liquid interface, thermocapollary flow and marangoni flow generated in the three phase contact line were observed. It was considered that the bubble structure near the three phase contact line influenced causes of generating these phenomenon.
Energy Minimization on Manifolds for Docking Flexible Molecules (2015)

In this paper, we extend a recently introduced rigid body minimization algorithm, defined on manifolds, to the problem of minimizing the energy of interacting flexible molecules. The goal is to integrate moving the ligand in six dimensional rotational/translational space with internal rotations around rotatable bonds within the two molecules. We show that adding rotational degrees of freedom to the rigid moves of the ligand results in an overall optimization search space that is a manifold to which our manifold optimization approach can be extended. The effectiveness of the method is shown for three different docking problems of increasing complexity. First, we minimize the energy of fragment-size ligands with a single rotatable bond as part of a protein mapping method developed for the identification of binding hot spots. Second, we consider energy minimization for docking a flexible ligand to a rigid protein receptor, an approach frequently used in existing methods. In the third problem, we account for flexibility in both the ligand and the receptor. Results show that minimization using the manifold optimization algorithm is substantially more efficient than minimization using a traditional all-atom optimization algorithm while producing solutions of comparable quality. In addition to the specific problems considered, the method is general enough to be used in a large class of applications such as docking multidomain proteins with flexible hinges. The code is available under open source license (at http://cluspro.bu.edu/Code/Code_Rigtree.tar) and with minimal effort can be incorporated into any molecular modeling package.
IL-4-Induced GATA-3 Expression Is a Time-Restricted Instruction Switch for Th2 Cell Differentiation (2004)

An initial activation signal via the TCR in a restricted cytokine environment is critical for the onset of Th cell development. Cytokines regulate the expression of key transcriptional factors, T-bet and GATA-3, which instruct the direction of Th1 and Th2 differentiation, through changes in chromatin conformation. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of IL-4-mediated signaling in a transgenic mouse, expressing human IL-4R on a mouse IL-4alphaR-deficient background. These experiments, allowing induction with human IL-4 at defined times, demonstrated that an IL-4 signal was required at the early stage of TCR-mediated T cell activation for lineage commitment to Th2, along with structural changes in chromatin, which take place in the conserved noncoding sequence-1 and -2 within the IL-4 locus. At later times, however, IL-4 failed to promote efficient Th2 differentiation and decondensation of chromatin, even though GATA-3 was clearly induced in the nuclei by IL-4 stimulation. Moreover, IL-4-mediated Th2 instruction was independent from cell division mediated by initial TCR stimulation. The role of IL-4 signaling may have a time restriction during Th2 differentiation. In late stages of initial T cell activation, the chromatin structure of the IL-4 locus retains condensation state. These results demonstrate that IL-4-induced GATA-3 expression is time-restriction switch for Th2 differentiation.
Deblurring two-tone images by a joint estimation approach using higher-order statistics (2002)

A method is proposed for the restoration of linearly blurred two-tone images without requiring the knowledge of the blur parameters. The method jointly estimates the original image and the blur parameters based on some statistical parameters at the output of an inverse filter. Unlike some other blind image restoration procedures, the proposed method does not require the estimation or modeling of the statistical properties of the original image, yet can be justified even for non-i.i.d. images.
Ionic-liquid gating of perpendicularly magnetised CoFeB/MgO thin films (2016)

We present the modulation of anisotropy field, coercivity, and domain wall (DW) velocity in CoFeB/MgO thin films with perpendicular anisotropy by applying voltages across an ionic liquid gate. Domain wall velocities in the creep regime can be modulated by a factor of 4.2, and the anisotropy field of the device can be modulated by 40 mT when going from +0.8 V to −0.8 V. The applied E-fields are seen to significantly influence DWs' pinning, depinning, and nucleation processes. In addition, we report on the evolution of the magnetic properties of the liquid/solid device as a function of time going from the pristine CoFeB/MgO film through device fabrication and operation up to one month. These results show that the solid/liquid device structure based on CoFeB/MgO thin films can be an efficient way to control magnetic properties with voltages below 1 V.
Bitter Principles of Citrus. II. Relation of Nomilin and Obacunone1 (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBitter Principles of Citrus. II. Relation of Nomilin and Obacunone1Oliver H. EmersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 6, 2621–2623Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01150a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01150a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Medical Test Development and Implementation: A Multistep Journey (2015)

Article Abstract Because this piece does not have an abstract, we have provided for your benefit the first 3 sentences of the full text. The topic of massive costs and burden of major depressive disorder (MDD) is not new, but it remains timely nonetheless. In recent years, depression has continued to ascend, for lack of a better word, to new heights on the list of medical conditions that encumber individuals, families, health care systems, and society. How do we understand that, despite the growing recognition, treatment, and research in this area, depression seems to carry on seemingly undaunted?
<title>Continuous-time calibration of VLSI sensors for gain and offset variations</title> (1995)

Parameter variations cause unavoidable nonuniformities in infrared focal plane arrays and other integrated sensors. A one-time calibration procedure is normally used to counteract the effect of these variations between components. Unfortunately, many of these variations fluctuate with time--either with operating point (such as data-dependent variations) or with external conditions (such as temperature). Calibrating these sensors one-time only at the `factory' is not suitable--much more frequent calibration is required. We have developed an adaptive algorithm that continually calibrates an array of sensors that contains gain and offset variations. This paper extends the work of Ullman and Schechtman who developed an algorithm for gain adjustment. The adaptive nonlinear dynamical system can be mapped to analog VLSI or a discretized version may be efficiently implemented in digital hardware.
Noncontact distance sensor using spatial signal processing (2009)

To the best of our knowledge, proposed is the first distance-measurement sensor using direct spatial signal processing. The sensor is implemented using a laser beam engaged in target-dependent spatial beam processing using an electronically controlled variable focus lens (ECVFL). Specifically, the target-reflected beam is observed by an optical detector while electronically scanning the focal length of the ECVFL in the path of the laser beam. A received-beam minimum spatial size corresponds to a specific ECVFL focal length that in turn is used to compute the sensed target distance. Experiments have been conducted using a 633 nm He-Ne laser and a liquid ECVFL, giving target distance measurements from 6to109 cm with a <1.7% sensor resolution. Various noncontact applications for the sensor include sensing of object measurement parameters of distance, motion displacement, three-dimensional structure, spatial profile, and levels.
Patterns that Conceal a Bird's Eye (2010)

Abstract Some specific patterns on birds' heads include highly contrasting dark and bright areas, in which the bird's eye is located on the borderline between them. The hypothesis that such a “Borderline eye” is better concealed than a similar “Interior eye”, located well inside the dark area, was tested by vision experiments with human subjects. The study of realistic and non-figural patterns revealed a highly significant gradual decrease in the detectability of an eye, while decreasing the eye-borderline distance. The best concealed eye protruded to some extent outside the dark area. Further protrusion made the eye highly detectable. Neurophysiological mechanisms whose existence has been demonstrated in the visual systems of humans, birds and other animals are suggested to be the origin of this phenomenon. The “Borderline eye” effect is suggested as a technique of decreasing the detection distance, from which the bird's eye can be recognized, in a controlled manner. Thus, this pattern has an important adaptive value for inter- and intraspecific visual interactions. Zusammenfassung Es wird über Sehexperimente mit Menschen berichtet, in denen die Tarnung des Vogelauges in spezifischen Mustern untersucht wird. 1 Bestimmte Muster an Vogelköpfen bestehen aus stark kontrastierenden dunklen und hellen Flächen mit einer scharfen Grenzlinie und einem Auge mit dunkler Iris, hier je nach Lage „Inneres Auge” (Abb. la) oder „Grenz-linienauge” (Abb. lb, c) genannt. Das letztere Muster scheint häufiger zu sein. In dieser Studie wird die Hypothese getestet, daß ein „Grenzlinienauge” bes-ser getarnt ist als ein „Inneres Auge”. 2 In Experiment 1 werden zwei natürliche Muster von fast identischen Vogelköpfen verglichen, die sich nur in der Lage des Auges unterscheiden (Abb. 2). Dieser Test stützt unsere Hypothese signifikant (p ≪ 0,0005). 3 In Experiment 2 wird die Erkennbarkeit des nichtfigürlichen „Auges” mit einer genau definierten Entfernung von der Grenzlinie relativ zu der des „Inneren Auges” gemessen (Abb. 3). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Erkennbarkeit des Auges abnimmt, wenn es sich der Grenzlinie nähert (oder sie kreuzt) und ein Minimum erreicht, wenn es ein wenig über diese Grenze hin-ausragt. 4 Die Ergebnisse lassen sich durch laterale Hemmung in der Retina deuten, einem Mechanismus, der bei vielen Wirbeltieren nachgewiesen wurde. 5 Der beobachtete „Grenzlinieneffekt” hat möglicherweise eine wichtige adaptive Bedeutung für natürliche Muster, da er die Entfernung bestimmt, aus der das Vogelauge erkannt werden kann.
Reaktionen 4,4-Bis(trifluormethyl)-substituierter Heterodiene mit Alkinen / Reactions of 4,4-Bis(trifluoromethyl) Substituted Heterodienes with Alkynes (1989)

4,4-Bis(trifluoromethyl) substituted 1-oxa-3-azabuta-1,3-dienes (1) and alkynes react to give open-chain trifluoromethyl substituted N-propargylic amides (4), 4H-1,3-oxazines (5) and 2-oxazolines (6, 7), respectively. The selectivity of the reaction can be controlled effectively by the reaction conditions used.
Magnetic resonance investigations on oxygen-contaminated BaFBr (1999)

Abstract After room temperature X-irradiation of normally-grown stoichiometric BaFBr single crystals two new oxygen hole centres were discovered and investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR). One of these two new centres is an oxygen ion (O−) on a bromide site, however, with different super-hyperfine interactions compared to the one investigated previously. The second one is an oxygen molecule (O3- 2) with one O atom on a fluoride site and one on the neighbouring bromide site, both sharing one hole. In total, there are now four different paramagnetic oxygen hole centres known is stoichiometric BaFBr single crystals.
Micromechanical valve-operated needle-on-a-chip microinjection module for microfluidic large-scale integration (2022)

Abstract Microinjection is an essential process in genetic engineering that is used to deliver genetic materials into various biological specimens. Considering the high-throughput requirement for microinjection applications ranging from gene editing to cell therapies, there is a need for an automated, highly parallelized, reproducible, and easy-to-use microinjection strategy. Here we report an on-chip, microfluidic microinjection module designed for compatibility with microfluidic large-scale integration technology that can be fabricated via standard, multilayer soft lithography techniques. The needle-on-chip (NOC) module consists of a two-layer polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidic module whose puncture and injection operations are reliant solely on Quake valve actuation. As a proof-of-concept, we designed a NOC module to conduct the microinjection of a common genetics model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ). The NOC design was analyzed using finite element method simulations for a large range of practically viable geometrical parameters. The computational results suggested that a slight lateral offset (&gt;10 μ m) of the control channel is sufficient for a successful NOC operation with a large fabrication tolerance (50 μ m, 50% channel width). To demonstrate proof-of-concept, the microinjection platform was fabricated and utilized to perform a successful injection of a tracer dye into C. elegans .
Recovery of Grasp versus Reach in People with Hemiparesis Poststroke (2006)

The authors hypothesize that, in chronic hemiparesis, purposeful movements requiring distal control may be more impaired than purposeful movements requiring proximal control, not because of the initial lesion, but because, over the course of recovery, spared components of the descending motor systems may be able to compensate for the accuracy deficits in reaching (proximal control) but not the efficiency deficits in grasping (distal muscular control).
Growth medium composition-determined regulatory mechanisms are superimposed on CatR-mediated transcription from the pheBA and catBCA promoters in Pseudomonas putida (2001)

Expression of the phenol degradation pathway in Pseudomonas putida strain PaW85 requires coordinated transcription of the plasmid-borne pheBA operon encoding catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and phenol monooxygenase, respectively, and the chromosomally encoded catechol degradation catBCA operon. Transcriptional activation from the pheBA and catBCA promoters is regulated by CatR and the catechol degradation pathway intermediate cis,cis-muconate. Here it is shown that physiological control mechanisms are superimposed on this regulatory system. Transcriptional activation from the pheBA and catBCA promoters is growth-phase-regulated in P. putida cells grown on rich medium (LB medium). CatR-mediated transcription from these promoters is silenced on rich medium until the transition from exponential to stationary phase. A slight positive effect (threefold) of stationary-phase-specific sigma factor sigma(S) on transcription from the pheBA promoter was observed. Expression of the catBCA promoter was not influenced by the activity of this sigma factor. In contrast to rich growth medium, transcription from the pheBA and catBCA promoters in minimal medium containing a mixture of glucose and sodium benzoate was rapidly induced in exponential culture. It was shown that the presence of amino acids in the culture medium causes exponential silencing of the pheBA and catBCA promoters. The possibility that a hypothetical repressor protein could be involved in physiological control of transcription from the pheBA and catBCA promoters is discussed.
Narciclasine exerts anti‐inflammatory actions by blocking leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions and down‐regulation of the endothelial TNF receptor 1 (2019)

The alkaloid narciclasine has been characterized extensively as an anticancer compound. Accumulating evidence suggests that narciclasine has anti-inflammatory potential; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that narciclasine affects the activation of endothelial cells (ECs), a hallmark of inflammatory processes, which is a prerequisite for leukocyte-EC interaction. Thus, we aimed to investigate narciclasine's action on this process <i>in vivo</i> and to analyze the underlying mechanisms <i>in vitro</i>. In a murine peritonitis model, narciclasine reduced leukocyte infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and inflammation-associated abdominal pain. Moreover, narciclasine decreased rolling and blocked adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes <i>in vivo</i>. In cultured ECs, narciclasine inhibited the expression of cell adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin and blocked crucial steps of the NF-κB activation cascade: NF-κB promotor activity, p65 nuclear translocation, inhibitor of κB α (IκBα) phosphorylation and degradation, and IκBα kinase β and TGF-β-activated kinase 1 phosphorylation. Interestingly, these effects were based on the narciclasine-triggered loss of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). Our study highlights narciclasine as an interesting anti-inflammatory compound that effectively inhibits the interaction of leukocytes with ECs by blocking endothelial activation processes. Most importantly, we showed that the observed inhibitory action of narciclasine on TNF-triggered signaling pathways is based on the loss of TNFR1.-Stark, A., Schwenk, R., Wack, G., Zuchtriegel, G., Hatemler, M. G., Bräutigam, J., Schmidtko, A., Reichel, C. A., Bischoff, I., Fürst, R. Narciclasine exerts anti-inflammatory actions by blocking leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and down-regulation of the endothelial TNF receptor 1.
Multidimensional Manhattan Sampling and Reconstruction (2015)

This paper introduces Manhattan sampling in two and higher dimensions, and proves sampling theorems. In two dimensions, Manhattan sampling, which takes samples densely along a Manhattan grid of lines, can be viewed as sampling on the union of two rectangular lattices, one dense horizontally, being a multiple of the fine spacing of the other. The sampling theorem shows that images bandlimited to the union of the Nyquist regions of the two rectangular lattices can be recovered from their Manhattan samples, and an efficient procedure for doing so is given. Such recovery is possible even though there is overlap among the spectral replicas induced by Manhattan sampling. In three and higher dimensions, there are many possible configurations for Manhattan sampling, each consisting of the union of special rectangular lattices called bi-step lattices. This paper identifies them, proves a sampling theorem showing that images bandlimited to the union of the Nyquist regions of the bi-step rectangular lattices are recoverable from Manhattan samples, and presents an efficient onion-peeling procedure for doing so. Furthermore, it develops a special representation for the bi-step lattices and an algebra with nice properties. It is also shown that the set of reconstructable images is maximal in the Landau sense. While most of the paper deals with continuous-space images, Manhattan sampling of discrete-space images is also considered, for infinite, as well as finite, support images.
Overcoming Challenges during the Development and Installation of Intelligent Completion Systems in SRI Wells (2008)

Abstract In this age of multi-zone and multilateral wells, existing technologies are always challenged to achieve desired results. In the case of Statoil Skinfaks/Rimfaks (SRI) wells, capabilities of intelligent completion systems were stretched to the limit. Some of the challenges included depth, system optimization, feedback monitoring, subsea logic, placement of downhole hydraulic logic switches, hydraulic timing, cross flow design due to limited control lines, development of an auxiliary logic switch, etc. Operational requirements also pushed downhole tools like the flow control valves and logic switches in a novel and previously untried configuration. System operation logic mandated the design of a very complex hydraulic circuit. Cross flow design with limited control lines proved to be a significant challenge. Each of the wells had three zones to be controlled. The existing subsea trees allowed only three hydraulic control lines. Three balanced piston flow control valves normally require at least four control lines to be operated. A new system was to be developed to be able to control all three balanced piston valves with only three hydraulic control lines. This paper will present how a combination of analytical modeling, simulation and laboratory testing was used to overcome these and other design challenges during the system development phase. This novel methodology will aid the optimization and reduction in design cycle time of future intelligent completion systems. Four wells in the Statoil Skinfaks/Rimfaks Improved Oil Recovery Project were completed with intelligent systems in 2007. Thorough planning and execution yielded higher operational efficiency which resulted in job completion ahead of schedule. The installation phase will be discussed in the paper with special emphasis on pre-job planning, operational procedures, post-job results and lessons learned.
Differential regional effects ofoctreotide on humangastrointestinal motorfunction (1995)

The effects ofoctreotide on regional motorfunction inthehuman gutare unclear. Inarandomised, blinded study theeffects ofoctreotide (50,ug, subcutaneously, three timesdaily) andplacebo on gastric, smallbowel, andcolonic transit, and colonicmotility and tonewere assessed in12healthy volunteers whose colonhad been cleansed. Octreotide accelerated initial gastricemptying (p=0.05), inhibited smallboweltransit (p<0-01), andreducedileocolonic bolus transfers (p<0.05). Colonictransit was unaltered byoctreotide; thepostprandial colonictonicresponsewas inhibited (p<0.05v placebo), whereascolonic phasic pressure activity wasincreased by octreotide (p<0.05 vplacebo). Thesedata support theuseofoctreotide indiarrhoeal states butnotindiseases thatcausesmall bowelstasis andbacterial overgrowth. Simultaneous measurementsofcolonic transit, tone,andphasic contractility are valid instudying theeffects ofpharmacological changes andmaybeapplicable to thestudy ofthehumancoloninhealth and disease. (Gut1995; 36:743-748)