gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classical Optical Analogue of Quantum Discord (2022)

Quantum discord has been shown to be a resource for quantum advantage in addition to quantum entanglement. While many experiments have demonstrated classical analogies of entanglement, none have done so for discord. We present a proof-of-concept demonstration for creating a classical analogue of quantum discord using classical light that takes advantage of the analogy between the state of two qubits and the spatial modes of a Laguerre-Gauss beam. We demonstrate the validity of this approach by comparing the intensity profiles of theoretical simulations to experimental results for different values of discord. Such a classical analogue of quantum discord may provide further insight in understanding and development of quantum information technologies that make use of discord.
Towards System Theory of Communication-field Mechanism Design (2019)

People create collective intelligence and make decisions through discussion, conversation, dialogue and debate in organizations and communities in our daily life. This is an autonomous social behavior naturally performed by people as a multi-agent system. It is an important issue in the modern society how to control such a communication field, to optimize knowledge sharing, decision making and learning process in a group. In this paper, we device a research approach called communication-field mechanism design by grasping the phenomena as a control problem of a human social system. In addition, we introduce some pre-existing communication-field mechanisms, such as Bibliobattle and Parliamentary Debate to clarify the notion of communication-field mechanism. We also clarify the relation with the proximity concept such as collective intelligence mechanism, gamification, and mechanism design.
Directed-Flow, Thin-Layer Glass Fusion Process (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Pilot Plant Testing Briquetting Process Description Energy Consumption Furnace Efficiency Furnace Stack Opacity and Particulate Emissions Briquetter Die Wear Summary
Meyers type estimates for approximate solutions of nonlinear parabolic equations and their applications (2005)

In this paper we obtain Meyers type Lp+ε-estimates for approximate solutions of nonlinear parabolic equations. This research is motivated by a numerical homogenization of these type of equations [2]. Using derived estimates we show the convergence of numerical solutions obtained from numerical homogenization methods.
Phylogenetics and enzymology of plant quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (2012)

Quiescin Sulfhydryl Oxidase (QSOX), a catalyst of disulfide bond formation, is found in both plants and animals. Mammalian, avian, and trypanosomal QSOX enzymes have been studied in detail, but plant QSOX has yet to be characterized. Differences between plant and animal QSOXs in domain composition and active-site sequences raise the question of whether these QSOXs function by the same mechanism. We demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana QSOX produced in bacteria is folded and functional as a sulfhydryl oxidase but does not exhibit the interdomain electron transfer observed for its animal counterpart. Based on this finding, further exploration into the respective roles of the redox-active sites in plant QSOX and the reason for their concatenation is warranted.
Aging of magnetic wire in the presence of variable frequency, high rise time and high voltage pulses (2002)

A novel method for the aging of magnetic wire in the conditions that resemble the stresses to insulation caused by power inverters is described. The test system for the purposes of the described aging program is discussed. A model of aging of magnet wire is developed and confirmed with experimental results. It has been found that voltage, temperature and frequency in that order of are the most important factors of influence. The correlation between the model and tested life in the corona conditions produced is excellent.
Can programming be liberated from the von Neumann style? (1978)

Conventional programming languages are growing ever more enormous, but not stronger. Inherent defects at the most basic level cause them to be both fat and weak: their primitive word-at-a-time style of programming inherited from their common ancestor—the von Neumann computer, their close coupling of semantics to state transitions, their division of programming into a world of expressions and a world of statements, their inability to effectively use powerful combining forms for building new programs from existing ones, and their lack of useful mathematical properties for reasoning about programs. An alternative functional style of programming is founded on the use of combining forms for creating programs. Functional programs deal with structured data, are often nonrepetitive and nonrecursive, are hierarchically constructed, do not name their arguments, and do not require the complex machinery of procedure declarations to become generally applicable. Combining forms can use high level programs to build still higher level ones in a style not possible in conventional languages. Associated with the functional style of programming is an algebra of programs whose variables range over programs and whose operations are combining forms. This algebra can be used to transform programs and to solve equations whose “unknowns” are programs in much the same way one transforms equations in high school algebra. These transformations are given by algebraic laws and are carried out in the same language in which programs are written. Combining forms are chosen not only for their programming power but also for the power of their associated algebraic laws. General theorems of the algebra give the detailed behavior and termination conditions for large classes of programs. A new class of computing systems uses the functional programming style both in its programming language and in its state transition rules. Unlike von Neumann languages, these systems have semantics loosely coupled to states—only one state transition occurs per major computation.
Investigation of a landslide along a natural gas pipeline (Karacabey-Turkey) (2008)

A new natural gas pipeline with a diameter of 0.90 m is under construction to provide gas interconnection between Turkey and Greece, as well as to create gas ring for southern Europe. The new pipeline route is next to an existing small diameter pipeline near Karacabey. However, the existing pipeline was broken by a landslide occurred on February 20, 2006 in Keslik area. A geological survey is carried out in the close vicinity of the landslide for site appraisal related to other existing landslides and possible relocation of the pipeline route if feasible. The landslides formed near the stream enlarge backward creating retrogressive movements. Based on the field observations, relocation of the pipeline is not considered to be feasible due to the existence of several other landslides in the region. Long term stability analysis of the landslide was carried out using new topographical map of area after the landslide.
Results of blowout regime propagation experiments of an electron beam in a plasma (2002)

Short intense relativistic bunches, of the kind available from RF photoinjectors, have been observed, through integrated and time-dependent imaging, as well as collimator transmission, to effectively self-guide in an underdense plasma over many times the initial /spl beta/-function. Picosecond resolution measurement of transverse beam size displays the trumpet-shaped beam head predicted by simulations and analysis. The simulations are in good quantitative agreement with the beam sizes and transmissions obtained from experiment, with deviations arising from the approximations involved in the simulation model of the beam.
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OFN-THIONITROSOAMINES AND PHOTOELECTRONIC SPECTRUM OFN-THIONITROSODIMETHYLAMINE (1992)

Abstract Quantum-chemical calculations of molecular geometry, energies and structure of MO and electron density distribution in N-thionitrosoamines were carried out. The photoelectronic spectral data for N-thionitrosodimethylamine obtained correlated satisfactory with calculated eigenvalues of occupied MOs. Results of the investigation explain the stability of aliphatic N-thionitrosoamines.
Network Medicine — From Obesity to the “Diseasome” (2007)

A recent study reported that among people who carried a single copy of the high-risk allele for the FTO gene, which is associated with fat mass and obesity, the risk of obesity increased by 30%. The risk of obesity increased by 67% among people who carried two alleles, and on average they gained 3.0 kg (6.6 lb) or more.1 Given that approximately one sixth of the population of European descent is homozygous for this allele, this link between the FTO gene and obesity appears to be one of the strongest genotype–phenotype associations detected by modern genome-screening techniques.That obesity has . . .
The effect of forskolin on blood flow, platelet metabolism, aggregation and ATP release. (1995)

Forskolin affects blood flow and platelet parameters favourably in the setting of occlusive arterial disease and reconstructive arterial surgery.
Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors:A Consensus Approach (2002)

As a result of major recent advances in understanding the biology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), specifically recognition of the central role of activating KIT mutations and associated KIT protein expression in these lesions, and the development of novel and effective therapy for GISTs using the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI-571, these tumors have become the focus of considerable attention among pathologists, clinicians, and patients. Stromal/mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract have long been a source of confusion and controversy with regard to classification, line(s) of differentiation, and prognostication. Characterization of the KIT pathway and its phenotypic implications has helped to resolve some but not all of these issues. Given the now critical role of accurate and reproducible pathologic diagnosis in ensuring appropriate treatment for patients with GIST, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) convened a GIST workshop in April 2001 with the goal of developing a consensus approach to diagnosis and morphologic prognostication. Key elements of the consensus, as described herein, are the defining role of KIT immunopositivity in diagnosis and a proposed scheme for estimating metastatic risk in these lesions, based on tumor size and mitotic count, recognizing that it is probably unwise to use the definitive term benign for any GIST, at least at the present time.
Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Associated with Inc18-Like vanA Plasmids in Michigan (2007)

ABSTRACT Five of the seven cases of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) infection identified to date have occurred in southeastern Michigan. VRSA isolates from the four most recent cases (all from Michigan) were characterized. The vanA gene was localized to a single plasmid in each VRSA isolate. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of chromosomal DNA and the restriction profile of the plasmid demonstrated that the four isolates were unique and differed from the first three VRSA isolates. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) isolates, all of which were Enterococcus faecalis , were recovered from case patients 4 to 6. Each VRE isolate transferred vancomycin resistance to E. faecalis JH2-2 by conjugation. PCRs for vanA and the Inc18-like plasmid genes traA and repR confirmed the presence of an Inc18-like vanA plasmid in all VRE isolates and transconjugants. An Inc18-like vanA plasmid was identified in the VRSA isolate from case patient 7. These findings suggest a role of Inc18-like plasmids as vanA donors.
Flavobacterium ammonificans sp. nov. and Flavobacterium ammoniigenes sp. nov., ammonifying bacteria isolated from surface river water (2022)

Three aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria, designated as strains SHINM13<sup>T</sup>, GENT5<sup>T</sup> and GENT11 were isolated from surface river water (Saitama Prefecture, Japan). SHINM13<sup>T</sup> and GENT11 were positive for catalase, whereas GENT5<sup>T</sup> was negative. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene (1341 bp) or 40 marker gene (34,513 bp) sequences revealed that the strains formed distinct phylogenetic lineages within the genus <i>Flavobacterium</i>. The three strains shared 99.3-99.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity among each other. The average nucleotide identity by orthology (OrthoANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strains SHINM13<sup>T</sup> and GENT11 were 96.56 and 82.1 %, respectively, and those between SHINM13<sup>T</sup> and GENT5<sup>T</sup> were 83.46 % and 52.9 %, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were C<sub>15 : 1</sub>ω6<i>c</i>, iso-C<sub>15 : 0</sub>, iso-C<sub>15 : 1</sub>G, anteiso-C<sub>15 : 0</sub> and iso-C<sub>15 : 0</sub> 3-OH. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. SHINM13<sup>T</sup> and GENT5<sup>T</sup> contained menaquinone-6 (MK-6) as the predominant respiratory quinone, and their DNA G+C contents were 34.4 and 35.1 mol%, respectively. Genome sequencing of the three isolates revealed a genome size of 2.26-2.40 Mbp. Furthermore, all three isolates converted dissolved organic nitrogen to ammonium during cell growth. On the basis of the results of phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strains SHINM13<sup>T</sup> and GENT11 and GENT5<sup>T</sup> represent two distinct novel species in the genus <i>Flavobacterium</i>, for which the names <i>Flavobacterium ammonificans</i> sp. nov. (type strain SHINM13<sup>T</sup> =JCM 34684<sup>T</sup> =NCIMB 15379<sup>T</sup>) and <i>Flavobacterium ammoniigenes</i> sp. nov. (type strain GENT5<sup>T</sup> =JCM 32249<sup>T</sup>=NCIMB 15380<sup>T</sup>) are proposed.
CDP‐choline: Neuroprotection in transient forebrain ischemia of gerbils (1999)

CDP-choline is a rate-limiting intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), an important component of the neural cell membrane. The ability of CDP-choline to alter phospholipid metabolism is an important function in the treatment of ischemic injury. Exogenous treatment with CDP-choline stimulates PtdCho synthesis and prevents release of free fatty acids (FFA), especially arachidonic acid (AA), after ischemia/reperfusion. Phase III clinical trials of CDP-choline in the treatment of stroke are currently underway. Here we report the neuroprotection by CDP-choline in transient forebrain ischemia of gerbils. CDP-choline significantly attenuated the blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction after ischemia with 6-hr reperfusion, and considerably reduced the increase of AA in FFA and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthesis at 1 day. Edema was significantly elevated after 1 and 2 days, but attained maximum at 3-day reperfusion. CDP-choline substantially attenuated edema at 3 days. Ischemia resulted in 80 ± 8% CA1 hippocampal neuronal death after 6-day reperfusion, and CDP-choline provided 65 ± 6% neuroprotection. CDP-choline may act by increasing PtdCho synthesis via two pathways: (1) conversion of 1,2-diacylglycerol to PtdCho, and (2) biosynthesis of S-adenosyl-L-methionine, thus stabilizing the membrane and reducing AA release and metabolism to leukotriene C4. This would result in decreased toxicity due to AA, leukotrienes, oxygen radicals, lipid peroxidation, and altered glutamate uptake, thus limiting BBB dysfunction, edema and providing neuroprotection. J. Neurosci. Res. 58:697–705, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Extraction, séparation et purification : du végétal à l'éco-extrait (2011)

Le premier chapitre vous a relaté l'état de l'art de l'extraction conventionnelle, ses limites et surtout le renouveau de cette étape unitaire de génie des procédés avec l'avènement de l'éco-extraction. A la lecture des différents chapitres, vous avez pu voir l'inventivité de nos chercheurs français pour mettre au point de nouveaux procédés physiques, biologiques, de nouveaux solvants pour extraire différemment, extraire de nouvelles molécules, améliorer les rendements d'extraction, repousser les limites de l'extraction conventionnelle. Avant rout, nous progressons vers une chimie verte idéale ou l'on limite l'utilisation de solvants classés pour l'innocuité des produits, pour la sécurité des opérateurs. eutilisation de ces procédés physiques d'éco-extraction ou d'éco-solvants (eau, alcool, mélange hydroglycolique, glycolique, esters d'acides gras ... ) conduit à l'obtention d'extraits souvent peu concentrés ou pauvres en molécules actives, de mélange peu caractérisables. Certes pour chaque nouvelle technologie, des exemples tendent à vous montrer la supériorité ~e l'in."'ention : extrait enrichi en une espèce, rapidité de l'extraction, qualité de 1 extrait ... En fait la richesse et la complexité du monde végétal nous ont amenés à découvrir, améliorer des solutions d'extraction compétitives, parfois complémentaires. Mais l'extraction n'est qu'une étape du procédé d'obtention d'un végétal et toutes les autres étapes sont importantes pour obtenir un éco-extrait. Le renouveau de la recherche sur l'étape d'extraction masque les avancées faites sur les étapes de filtration et concentration avec les techniques membranaires. Il nous paraît important de vous montrer des exemples industriels de chaînes de fabrication d'éco-extraits pour voir l'importance et le lien entre les différentes étapes des procédés. Ces exemples vont vous montrer que l'obtention d'éco-extraits nécessite d'améliorer d'autres étapes unitaires afin de filtrer, concentrer, purifier, protéger les éco-extraits et donc réactiver la recherche en génie des procédés qui a toute sa place dans la chimie verte de demain. Enfin, nous examinerons des combinaisons possibles d'extraction et de séparation afin d'intensifier la production en respectant les douze principes de la chimie verte en général et les six nouveaux principes d'éco-extraction en particulier.
Complex photonic band structures of a conductive metal lattice by a quadratic eigensystem (1995)

For conductive periodic media, Maxwell’s equations can be transformed into quadratic eigensystems by the plane-wave expansion method. We computed complex photonic band structures for the two-dimensional square lattice with conductive cylinders by solving the quadratic eigensystem. The photonic band structures obtained for metal cylinders with finite conductivity closely resemble those computed for perfectly conductive cylinders by a real space finite-difference method. However, some modes can become unphysical in the finitely conductive metal lattice.
Modulational instability induced by loss dispersion in optical fiber (2004)

We obtain a closed-form expression of modulational-instability gain in an optical fiber with arbitrary loss/gain and group-velocity dispersions. It reveals that instability is induced by the loss dispersion even in the normal group-velocity dispersion regime.
Biliary Cannulation in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography: How to Tackle the Difficult Papilla (2021)

Recommendations for biliary cannulation can be divided into (a) measures to reduce the likelihood of a difficult papilla situation a priori and (b) rescue techniques in case the endoscopist is actually facing DBC. (a) Careful inspection of the papillary anatomy and optimizing its accessibility by scope positioning is fundamental. A sphincterotome in combination with a soft-tip hydrophilic guidewire rather than a standard catheter with a standard guidewire should be used in most situations. (b) The most important rescue techniques are needle-knife precut, double-guidewire technique, and transpancreatic sphincterotomy. In few cases, anterograde cannulation techniques are needed. To this regard, the EUS-guided biliary drainage followed by rendezvous is increasingly used as an alternative to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Key Messages: Biliary cannulation can be accomplished with alternative retrograde or less frequently by salvage anterograde techniques, once conventional direct cannulation attempts have failed. Considering recent favorable data for the early use of transpancreatic sphincterotomy, an adopted version of the 2016 European Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) algorithm on biliary cannulation is proposed.
Dynamic systems identification with Gaussian processes (2005)

This paper describes the identification of nonlinear dynamic systems with a Gaussian process (GP) prior model. This model is an example of the use of a probabilistic non-parametric modelling approach. GPs are flexible models capable of modelling complex nonlinear systems. Also, an attractive feature of this model is that the variance associated with the model response is readily obtained, and it can be used to highlight areas of the input space where prediction quality is poor, owing to the lack of data or complexity (high variance). We illustrate the GP modelling technique on a simulated example of a nonlinear system.
Dendritic, Oligomeric, and Polymeric Self-Immolative Molecular Amplification (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTDendritic, Oligomeric, and Polymeric Self-Immolative Molecular AmplificationMichal E. Roth, Ori Green, Samer Gnaim, and Doron Shabat*View Author Information School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel*Address: Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. Tel: +972 (0) 3 640 8340. Fax: +972 (0) 3 640 5761. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 3, 1309–1352Publication Date (Web):September 10, 2015Publication History Received24 June 2015Published online10 September 2015Published inissue 10 February 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00372https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00372review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9654Altmetric-Citations195LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Degradation,Dendrons,Molecules,Pharmaceuticals,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Melting Model of Iron Ore Sintering (1984)

A fundamental study was carried out on melting process and its primary controlling factors in the iron ore sintering. Melting properties of sinter feed were evaluated by the volume ratio of the melted portion to the substantial solid of sinter, "melting ratio". From sinter pot test, the corelation between the melting ratio and the sinter operational conditions was studied. The melting process in sintering depended on the holding time in high-temperature zone, are particle size, its chemical composition, and porosity after dehydration. On the basis of the obtained information, a model simulation of sinter melting process was developed and was discussed by comparing the observed values and the calculated ones by the model. The calculated values were in good agreement with the observed values. This melting model for sintering process can be applied to the estimation of sinter feed and analysis of sinter quality.