gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Where To Go From Here? Thoughts on Future Directions for Research on Individual‐Level Technology Adoption with a Focus on Decision Making* (2006)

ABSTRACT This article recognizes the maturity of individual‐level technology‐adoption research and suggests three broad future research directions. They are: (i) business process change and process standards, (ii) supply‐chain technologies, and (iii) services. Each of these areas is identified based on the topics likely of interest to the readers of the Decision Sciences by closely examining Decision Sciences' editorial mission and the recent research published in it. Within each of these three different broad topic areas, a few different specific directions are identified. The directions outlined here are not meant to be exhaustive but rather potential directions that can result in a theoretical contribution to individual‐level technology‐adoption research and the specific topic area.
Choline carboxylate surfactants: biocompatible and highly soluble in water (2008)

With choline as a beneficial counterion of biological origin, long-chain carboxylates become water soluble at room temperature.
Leaf trichomes influence predatory mite densities through dispersal behavior (2009)

Abstract Habitat complexity can mediate interactions among predators and herbivores and influences arthropod population density and community structure. The abundance of many predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is positively associated with abundance of non‐glandular trichomes. We hypothesized that (1) increasing the complexity (trichome density mimicked with cotton fiber patches) of the habitat that predatory mites encounter on leaves would reduce adult dispersal from plants, and (2) increasing habitat complexity would reduce the time that mites spend walking. Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten retention on plants increased linearly in the presence of trichome mimics; mites placed on plants lacking leaf trichomes showed a behavioral response that led to active dispersal. Phytoseiid retention increased with both fiber patch size and fiber density within patches. Moving fiber patches from the underside of the leaf to the upper leaf surface did not change phytoseiid retention but did alter egg distribution, suggesting trichomes do not exclusively influence phytoseiid behavior. Phytoseiid activity level as measured by the amount of time spent walking did not decrease with the addition of fibers. Overall, increasing habitat complexity in the form of non‐glandular trichomes strongly reduced T. pyri dispersal behavior; the predatory mites showed a consistent preference for complex trichome‐rich habitat that was manifest both rapidly and in absence of predators. Hence, the frequently observed pattern of population‐level accumulation of phytoseiids on trichome‐rich plants appears to be driven by a behavioral response to the presence and abundance of non‐glandular trichomes on the leaf surface manifested in the level of dispersal and/or retention. The primary implication of phytoseiid–habitat interactions for biocontrol programs is that where plants have no trichomes, T. pyri will not establish. Whether this behavioral response pattern is a general response of phytoseiids to leaf trichomes or varies with species is a question that remains unanswered.
How Many Thymocytes Audition for Selection? (1997)

T cell maturation requires the rearrangement of clonotypic T cell receptors (TCR) capable of interacting with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ligands to initiate positive and negative selection. Only 3-5% of thymocytes mature to join the peripheral T cell pool. To investigate the basis for this low success rate, we have measured the frequency of preselection thymocytes capable of responding to MHC. As many as one in five MHC-naive thymocytes show upregulation of activation markers on exposure to MHC-expressing thymic stroma in short-term reaggregate culture. The majority of these cells display physiological changes consistent with entry into the selection process within 24 h. By exposing TCR transgenic thymocytes to a range of MHC-peptide complexes, we show that CD69 induction is indicative of thymocyte selection, positive or negative. Our data provide evidence that the fraction of thymocytes that qualify to enter the thymic selection process far exceeds the fraction that successfully complete it, and suggest that most MHC-reactive thymocytes are actively eliminated in the course of selection.
EDTA conditioning of dentine promotes adhesion, migration and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (2015)

EDTA conditioning of dentine promoted the adhesion, migration and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells towards or onto dentine. A pre-treatment with EDTA as the final step of an irrigation protocol for regenerative endodontic procedures has the potential to act favourably on new tissue formation within the root canal.
Lattice PUF: A Strong Physical Unclonable Function Provably Secure against Machine Learning Attacks (2019)

We propose a strong physical unclonable function (PUF) provably secure against machine learning (ML) attacks with both classical and quantum computers. Its security is derived from cryptographic hardness of learning decryption functions of public-key cryptosystems. Our design compactly realizes the decryption function of the learning-with-errors (LWE) cryptosystem. Due to the fundamental connection of LWE to lattice problems, we call the construction the lattice PUF. Lattice PUF is constructed using a physically obfuscated key (POK), an LWE decryption function block, and a linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) as a pseudo-random number generator. The POK provides the secret key of the LWE decryption function; its stability is ensured by a fuzzy extractor (FE). To reduce the challenge size, we exploit distributional relaxations of space-efficient LWEs. That allows only a small challenge-seed to be transmitted with the full-length challenge generated by the LFSR, resulting in a 100X reduction of communication cost. To prevent an active challenge-manipulation attack, a self-incrementing counter is embedded into the challenge seed. We prototyped the lattice PUF with 2^136 challenge-response pairs (CRPs) on a Spartan 6 FPGA, which required 45 slices for the PUF logic proper and 233 slices for the FE. Simulation-based evaluation shows the mean (std) of uniformity to be 49.98% (1.58%), of uniqueness to be 50.00% (1.58%), and of reliability to be 1.26% (2.88%). The LWE concrete hardness estimator guarantees that a successful ML attack of the lattice PUF will require the infeasible 2^128 CPU operations. Several classes of empirical ML attacks, including support vector machine, logistic regression, and deep neural networks, are used: in all attacks, the prediction error remains above 49.76% after 1 million training CRPs.
Cellular Senescence in Lung Fibrosis (2021)

Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are chronic and ultimately fatal age-related lung diseases characterized by the progressive and irreversible accumulation of scar tissue in the lung parenchyma. Over the past years, significant progress has been made in our incomplete understanding of the pathobiology underlying fibrosing ILDs, in particular in relation to diverse age-related processes and cell perturbations that seem to lead to maladaptation to stress and susceptibility to lung fibrosis. Growing evidence suggests that a specific biological phenomenon known as cellular senescence plays an important role in the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Cellular senescence is defined as a cell fate decision caused by the accumulation of unrepairable cellular damage and is characterized by an abundant pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic secretome. The senescence response has been widely recognized as a beneficial physiological mechanism during development and in tumour suppression. However, recent evidence strengthens the idea that it also drives degenerative processes such as lung fibrosis, most likely by promoting molecular and cellular changes in chronic fibrosing processes. Here, we review how cellular senescence may contribute to lung fibrosis pathobiology, and we highlight current and emerging therapeutic approaches to treat fibrosing ILDs by targeting cellular senescence.
ChemInform Abstract: KONKURRENZ ZWISCHEN SUBSTITUTION UND ELEKTRONENUEBERTRAGUNG BEI 1,4‐DIALKOXY‐BENZOLEN IN KONZENTRIERTER SCHWEFELSAEURE UND EINFLUSS DES ORTHO‐SUBSTITUENTEN AUF AUFSPALTUNGSKONSTANTEN DER BETA‐PROTONEN IHRER KATIONRADIKALE (1971)

Abstract Die ESR‐Spektren der Radikalkationen der Äther (II), (Va) (R 1 : Isopropyl) und (Vb) (R 1 : tert.‐Butyl, Isopropyl) in konzentrierter Schwefelsäure werden untersucht.
Mechanisms of interaction of radiation with matter (1992)

This project is concerned with studies of biological activity-structure relationships in which the mechanisms of interaction of ionizing radiation and benzopyrene (PB) compounds with DNA are being investigated and compared. Emphasis is focused on effects of DNA conformation on its mechanisms of interaction with ionizing radiation, on the influence of structure and stereochemistry of BP metabolites on mechanisms of DNA damage, and on influence of DNA conformation on interactions between BP metabolites and DNA molecules, and the structures of the complexes and adducts which are formed. One basic theme of this project is the use of photoexcited states of BP and nucleic acids as probes of these interactions. In part I of this report, recent progress on elucidating the structures of selected BP-oligonucleotide model adducts by high resolution NMR and gel electrophoresis techniques is summarized. It is shown that the stereochemical properties of benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts play a crucial role in determining their interactions with certain exonucleases. These results provide useful models for deriving a better understanding of differences biological activities of BP compounds and the relationships between mutagenicities and the structure properties of BP-DNA adducts. In Part II of this report, a new time-resolved method based on picosecond laser pulse techniques for elucidating the electronic levels involved in electron photoemission and electron transfer in BP and nucleic acid solids is described.
Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis in Cats (1999)

Urolithiasis has long been recognized as a cause of irritative voiding in cats. Before the late 1980s, sterile struvite was the most common urolith; today, however, 40% of feline uroliths are of calcium oxalate. This change may be partly attributable to the change to urine-acidifying, magnesium-restricted diets that were introduced to reduce the formation of struvite. However, it is possible that the diet modifications made by cat food manufacturers simply exposed a population of cats predisposed to calcium oxalate stone formation. Urolithiasis in cats appears to be diet sensitive rather than diet induced. As in humans, water is crucial in the prevention and treatment of feline stones.
Layered VS2 Nanosheet‐Based Aqueous Zn Ion Battery Cathode (2017)

An aqueous Zn/VS2 battery is designed, which consists of a VS2 cathode, a zinc anode, and a mild ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte. The battery delivers a high capacity, and exhibits long-term cyclic stability due to the large layer spacing and high conductivity of VS2. A reversible insertion/extraction of Zn2+ is observed during the discharge/charge process. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Enhancing Water Recovery of Reverse Osmosis Brine Reject by Membrane Distillation (2009)

Membrane distillation was trialled on two reverse osmosis (RO) water concentrates. During all testing, salt rejection was >99%. A ground water source obtained from Edenhope WTP showed flux drop from 23 l/m.h to 18.5 l/m.h over 70 hours with no sign of scale on the membrane at the conclusion of the experiment. Further experiments were performed on ground water from the Botany Industrial Park RO plant. During a recirculated feed (batch) run at 60°C, a flux of around 20 l /m.h was recorded until the water recovery reached 30% where it began to rapidly decline. A low temperature run showed flux of around 15 l/m.h until an equivalent of 50% recovery was achieved. Flux decline was found to be due to congealed foulants since full flux was returned after their physical removal. Higher water recoveries (>67%) are therefore possible with membrane distillation on the RO concentrates tested. Future work is needed to demonstrate the process and assess its economics.
A novel CD3xPSMA bispecific antibody for efficient T cell mediated killing of prostate tumor cells with minimal cytokine release. (2019)

324 Background: Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains an incurable disease and new therapeutics are urgently needed. Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed on the surface of prostate cancer cells and expression increases with disease progression. Therapies directed against PSMA such as radiolabeled antibodies and T cell redirecting therapies including chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts) and T-cell engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) have shown promising efficacy in clinical trials but also induce significant toxicity. In particular CAR-Ts and T-BsAbs potently kill tumor cells but induce cytokine release-related toxicities. Novel anti-CD3 engaging domains may be required to create T-BsAbs with a broader therapeutic window. We have developed fully human CD3xPSMA bispecific antibodies that efficiently eliminate prostate tumor cells while minimizing cytokine release. Methods: Antibodies targeting CD3 and PSMA were generated in transgenic rats that produce human antibodies (UniRat, OmniFlic) followed by repertoire deep sequencing of lymph nodes isolated from immunized animals and high-throughput gene assembly/expression. CD3xPSMA T-BsAbs were assembled and evaluated for T cell activation and ability to eliminate PSMA+ tumor cells in vitro. Results: Primary human T cells were activated only in the presence of both bispecific CD3xPSMA antibodies and PSMA (either plate-bound or on the surface of tumor cells). Potent and selective cytotoxicity against PSMA+ prostate tumor cells was observed in co-cultures of primary human T cells and tumor cells treated with CD3xPSMA bispecific antibodies. Strikingly, CD3xPSMA bispecifics containing a novel low affinity anti-CD3 domain produced similar levels of tumor cell cytotoxicity compared to CD3xPSMA bispecifics containing a traditional high affinity anti-CD3 domain, but with reduced cytokine production. Conclusions: We have created novel CD3xPSMA bispecific antibodies that mediate T-cell killing of PSMA+ tumor cells with minimal production of cytokines. Such T-BsAbs may improve safety, efficacy, and opportunities for combination therapy to treat CRPC.
High Bandwidth Heat Transfer and Optical Measurements in an Instrumented Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engine (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Three independent measurements have been used to investigate combustion within a single cylinder four-stroke research engine operating at low load.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section class="section"&gt; &lt;h2 class="title"&gt;THIN FILM GAUGES&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Heat transfer between the working fluid and the combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine is one of the most important parameters for cycle simulation and analysis. Heat transfer influences the in-cylinder pressure and temperature levels, engine efficiency and exhaust emissions.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Heat transfer is determined using platinum thin film resistance thermometers exposed to the combustion gases. These give a frequency response of greater than 100kHz; hence can track heat transfer rate changes on the piston and cylinder head surfaces adequately. The thin film gauges overcome the problems of low bandwidths and large uncertainties associated with thermocouples.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/section&gt; &lt;section class="section"&gt; &lt;h2 class="title"&gt;FIBRE OPTIC INSTRUMENTATION&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Combustion is a highly complex process where the mechanism of fuel oxidation causes many different chemical species to emit light on specific spectral lines; therefore, from a measured emission spectrum it is possible to infer the chemical species present. Measurements of the spectral content (300 to 850 nm) of the light intensities within the combustion chamber are presented.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/section&gt; &lt;section class="section"&gt; &lt;h2 class="title"&gt;HIGH SPEED VIDEO&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A high frame-rate colour video camera is used to record a series of images of the firing cycle with a high spatial and temporal resolution through a cylinder head modified for optical access. The video data powerfully illustrates the complex and variable nature of the combustion process.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The three techniques form part of a Data Fusion study researching the application of data processing techniques in complex multidimensional areas such as combustion.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/section&gt;
Development of a new 3D OpenFOAM® solver to model the cooling stage in profile extrusion (2016)

In this work a new solver is developed in OpenFOAM® computational library, to model the cooling state in profile extrusion. The solver is able to calculate the temperature distribution in a two domain system, comprising the profile and calibrator, considering the temperature discontinuity at the interface. The derivation of the model is based on the local instantaneous energy conservation equation, in conjunction with the conditional volume averaging technique, which yields a single governing equation valid in both domains. Aiming the solution of automatic optimization/parameterization problems, the developed solver was coupled with the DAKOTA toolkit. The application of the novel calculation system is illustrated in a study of a complex geometry extruded profile cooling stage.
A Premalignant Cell-Based Model for Functionalization and Classification of PTEN Variants (2020)

As sequencing becomes more economical, we are identifying sequence variations in the population faster than ever. For disease-associated genes, it is imperative that we differentiate a sequence variant as either benign or pathogenic, such that the appropriate therapeutic interventions or surveillance can be implemented. <i>PTEN</i> is a frequently mutated tumor suppressor that has been linked to the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome. Although the domain structure of PTEN and the functional impact of a number of its most common tumor-linked mutations have been characterized, there is a lack of information about many recently identified clinical variants. To address this challenge, we developed a cell-based assay that utilizes a premalignant phenotype of normal mammary epithelial cells lacking PTEN. We measured the ability of PTEN variants to rescue the spheroid formation phenotype of <i>PTEN<sup>-/-</sup></i> MCF10A cells maintained in suspension. As proof of concept, we functionalized 47 missense variants using this assay, only 19 of which have clear classifications in ClinVar. We utilized a machine learning model trained with annotated genotypic data to classify variants as benign or pathogenic based on our functional scores. Our model predicted with high accuracy that loss of PTEN function was indicative of pathogenicity. We also determined that the pathogenicity of certain variants may have arisen from reduced stability of the protein product. Overall, this assay outperformed computational predictions, was scalable, and had a short run time, serving as an ideal alternative for annotating the clinical significance of cancer-associated PTEN variants. SIGNIFICANCE: Combined three-dimensional tumor spheroid modeling and machine learning classifies <i>PTEN</i> missense variants, over 70% of which are currently listed as variants of uncertain significance. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/13/2775/F1.large.jpg.
Comparison of cell lines deficient in antigen presentation reveals a functional role for TAP-1 alone in antigen processing. (1994)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognize antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class I antigens on the cell surface of virus-infected cells. It is believed that the majority of peptides originate from cytoplasmic degradation of proteins assumed to be mediated by the "20S" proteasome. Cytosolic peptides are then translocated, presumably by transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP-1 and -2), into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where binding and formation of the ternary complex between heavy chain, beta2-microglobulin (beta 2m) and peptide occurs. In this study, we have analyzed and compared the phenotype of two mutant cell lines, the thymoma cell line RMA-S and a small lung carcinoma cell line CMT.64, in order to address the mechanism that underlies the antigen processing deficiency of CMT.64 cells. Unlike RMA-S cells, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-infected CMT.64 cells are not recognized by specific CTL. Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment of CMT.64 cells restores the ability of these cells to process and present VSV in the context of Kb. We show that although CMT.64 cells express a low level of beta 2m, the recognition of VSV-specific CTL is not restored by increasing the amount of beta 2m synthesized in CMT.64 cells. In addition, we find that CMT.64 cells express moderate levels of Kb heavy chain molecules, but most of it is unstable and rapidly degraded in the absence of IFN-gamma treatment. We infer that the antigen processing deficiency does not lie at the level of beta 2m or Kb production. We find also that the mRNAs for both TAP-1 and -2 are present in RMA and RMA-S cells but are absent in uninduced CMT.64 cells. Upon IFN-gamma induction, both mRNAs are highly expressed in CMT-64 cells. In addition, we find that the low molecular mass polypeptides 2 and 7, and additional components of the proteasome are induced by IFN-gamma in CMT-64 cells. Finally, introduction of the rat TAP-1 gene in CMT.64 cells restores CTL recognition of VSV-infected cells. These results indicate that a TAP-1 homodimer may translocate peptides in the ER and explain partially the CMT.64 defect and the RMA-S phenotype. These findings link a dysfunction in the transport and/or generation of antigenic peptides to the capacity of tumor cells to evade immunosurveillance and provide a unique model system to dissect this phenomenon.