gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Glioma Formation in Neurofibromatosis 1 Reflects Preferential Activation of K-RAS in Astrocytes (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Children with the tumor predisposition syndrome, neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), develop optic pathway gliomas. The &lt;i&gt;NF1&lt;/i&gt; gene product, neurofibromin, functions as a negative regulator of RAS, such that &lt;i&gt;NF1&lt;/i&gt; inactivation results in RAS hyperactivation. Recent studies have highlighted the divergent biological and biochemical properties of the various RAS isoforms, which prompted us to examine the consequence of &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt; inactivation in astrocytes on RAS isoform activation &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. In this report, we show that only K-RAS is activated in &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt;−/− astrocytes and that activation of K-RAS, but not H-RAS, accounts for the proliferative advantage and abnormal actin cytoskeleton–mediated processes observed in &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt;−/− astrocytes &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Moreover, dominant inhibitory K-RAS corrects these abnormalities in &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt;−/− astrocytes &lt;i&gt;invitro&lt;/i&gt;. Lastly, we show that &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt;+/− mice with astrocyte-specific activated K-RAS expression &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; develop optic pathway gliomas, similar to our previously reported &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt;+/− mice with astrocyte &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt; inactivation. Collectively, our results show that K-RAS is the primary target for neurofibromin GTPase-activating protein activity &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and that K-RAS activation in astrocytes recapitulates the biochemical, biological, and tumorigenic properties of neurofibromin loss.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Biomaniac (2022)

Los Alamos National Laboratory researchers are developing a machine-learning based algorithm to revolutionize how biopolymers are designed and optimized. BioManIAC is a software platform that fills the gaps in data to gain insight into new potential polymer properties without making and testing them. Polymer engineers are able to use BioManIAC software to extrapolate and tune new biopolymer properties that allow the user to create small smart libraries, rather than largescale trial and error testing. This targeted design is expected to improve both time to market and R&D expenditure, as well as the resulting mechanical properties of biopolymers, enabling for more direct competition with traditional petroleum-based polymers. Los Alamos is seeking partners to further validate our software platform.
New catalysts for the environmentally friendly processing of chlorinated organics (2009)

New, high-efficiency Pd and Ni catalysts for the environmentally friendly processing of chlorinated organic waste have been prepared by laser electrodispersion (LED). The nanostructured catalysts contain ensembles of Pd and Ni nanoparticles 2 and 2.5 nm in size, respectively, and show an exceptionally high activity (above 105 (mol products)/(mol metal h)) in the gas- and liquid-phase hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzenes at t < 200°C. The activity of the Pd-based supported catalysts prepared by conventional methods is lower by approximately three orders of magnitude. Another significant advantage of the new catalysts is that they are highly resistant to poisoning under the conditions of the catalytic reaction. The structure and catalytic properties of the catalysts remain unchanged as the process is run for several days. The improved performance of the nanostructured catalysts is due to charge redistribution between clusters or between a cluster and the support. This effect is most pronounced for ∼2-nm nanoclusters at incomplete (<50%) surface coverages of the support. Making use of this effect allows the amount of metal on the support to be reduced by three orders of magnitude. This is particularly important for catalysts based on noble and rare metals. The results presented here open up new opportunities for the development of an efficient and safe technology for the processing of organochloride waste by catalytic hydrodechlorination.
Rapid Detection of Small Numbers of Airborne Bacteria by a Membrane Filter Fluorescent-Antibody Technique (1970)

Bacteria from stirred settling aerosols were recovered and identified by a rapid fluorescent-antibody technique previously described by Danielsson. Calibrated air samples from Serratia marcescens aerosols were drawn through a Millipore aerosol filter holder fitted out with a nonfluorescent membrane filter (type HAB 047). With the aid of a high-power incident-light ultraviolet microscope, the individual bacterial cells, trapped on the filter, could be inspected after staining with appropriate conjugate on the filter surface.
Catalyst participation in the reduction of sulphur dioxide by carbon monoxide in the presence of water and oxygen (1978)

Copper supported on alumina is a catalyst for the reduction of sulphur dioxide by carbon monoxide. In the presence of water and oxygen, calculation of the equilibrium state of the gas phase and condensed phase by a free energy minimisation method reveals that for certain combinations of gas composition and temperature, copper(II) sulphide will be formed.Copper was converted to copper sulphide when used as a catalyst for the reduction of a stoichiometric mixture of sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide containing 2.4 % water at 580°C. Oxygen is a poison for the reaction.
Evidential Deep Learning for Guided Molecular Property Prediction and Discovery (2021)

While neural networks achieve state-of-the-art performance for many molecular modeling and structure-property prediction tasks, these models can struggle with generalization to out-of-domain examples, exhibit poor sample efficiency, and produce uncalibrated predictions. In this paper, we leverage advances in evidential deep learning to demonstrate a new approach to uncertainty quantification for neural network-based molecular structure-property prediction at no additional computational cost. We develop both evidential 2D message passing neural networks and evidential 3D atomistic neural networks and apply these networks across a range of different tasks. We demonstrate that evidential uncertainties enable (1) calibrated predictions where uncertainty correlates with error, (2) sample-efficient training through uncertainty-guided active learning, and (3) improved experimental validation rates in a retrospective virtual screening campaign. Our results suggest that evidential deep learning can provide an efficient means of uncertainty quantification useful for molecular property prediction, discovery, and design tasks in the chemical and physical sciences.
Of mud and alligators (1986)

Each year Dr Mahler, Director-General of the World Health Organization, presents a report to member country delegates at the World Health Assembly. In his address this year, he likened WHO's attempts to promote primary health care (PHC) and Health for All by the Year 2000 to being in a swamp, ‘up to our necks in verbal mud, fighting all sorts of conceptual alligators’. Yet the aim is to clear the swamp. We reproduce here most of that address, not only for its lively images, but also because in it Dr Mahler takes on some of the conceptual and other criticisms of PHC, recapitulates what it is all about, casts a dear eye over how countries are faring in their implementation of PHC, and outlines some suggested areas for action in the coming years. Going back to first principles, he argues that PHC starts with people, their health problems, and their active involvement in solving those problems. It is that active involvement that distinguishes PHC from past health policies. It is not by chance that the very first element of PHC is educating people and communities on health matters, because for people to be intelligently involved in caring for their own health, they have to understand what leads to health and what endangers it. A crucial point is emphasized-that it is people themselves who decide what kind of care is required and not outsiders. In reviewing action programmes for PHC, Dr Mahler emphasizes the need for good organization and management, and calls for efforts to be concentrated on building up district infrastructures, with defined targets to galvanize people into action. He makes a number of suggestions for setting realistic targets and deciding what appropriate technologies exist that can be appropriately applied. The speech is a useful policy pointer on the road to Health for All by the Year 2000.
ELED As A Source For FDDI Networks (1988)

A high performance truncated ridge ELED transmitter is described. It features high launched power, narrow spectral linewidth, and very high reliability. The MOVPE process and a straightforward design provides a high chip yield to provide for a cost-effective ELED transmitter optimized for FDDI applications.
Flower Pollen Extract in Association with Vitamins (Deprox 500®) Versus Serenoa repens in Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Comparative Analysis of Two Different Treatments (2018)

In conclusion, in patients with CP/CPPS, Deprox 500® improves IPSS and NIH-CPSI scores up to 74.5% and 84.5% respectively. Furthermore, in patients with hypertension, the antioxidant effect of Deprox 500® reduces the mean IPSS score of 82.7%.
Bias elimination in tracking with converted position and Doppler measurements (2012)

In target tracking, it is natural to describe target motion in Cartesian coordinates. In many cases the measurements require some form of nonlinear conversion prior to use in a Cartesian coordinate tracker. There are two sources of bias that can arise as a result of this conversion. The first occurs when the conversion process introduces a bias in the expected value of the converted measurement. The second is estimation bias that occurs when the estimate of the converted measurement error covariance is correlated with the measurement noise. The conversion and estimation biases of previously proposed conversions, including the recently proposed “Decorrelated Unbiased Converted Measurement (DUCM)”, are evaluated for two forms of measurement conversion. The first is the conversion from polar to Cartesian coordinates. The second is range-rate estimation from a moving platform.
Dynamic changes of substrate reactivity and enzyme adsorption on partially hydrolyzed cellulose (2016)

The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is a thermodynamically challenging catalytic process that is influenced by both substrate-related and enzyme-related factors. In this study, a proteolysis approach was applied to recover and clean the partially converted cellulose at the different stages of enzymatic hydrolysis to monitor the hydrolysis rate as a function of substrate reactivity/accessibility and investigate surface characteristics of the partially converted cellulose. Enzyme-substrate interactions between individual key cellulase components from wild-type Trichoderma reesei and partially converted cellulose were followed and correlated to the enzyme adsorption capacity and dynamic sugar release. Results suggest that cellobiohydrolase CBH1 (Cel7A) and endoglucanases EG2 (Cel5A) adsorption capacities decreased as cellulose was progressively hydrolyzed, likely due to the "depletion" of binding sites. Furthermore, the degree of synergism between CBH1 and EG2 varied depending on the enzyme loading and the substrates. The results provide a better understanding of the relationship between dynamic change of substrate features and the functionality of various cellulase components during enzymatic hydrolysis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 503-515. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The protection of environment during cleaning ETICS with biocides (2019)

Cyclic cleaning is a conservative technology for liquidation of algae, mosses and fungi on ETICS surface. The technology includes biocide decontamination processes, mechanical cleaning, rinsing of surface by a pressure cleaner and a preventive coating with a biocidal preparation. In this maintaining process, ambient environments are loaded with running water with detergents which are usually based on heavy metals. The article presents the results of research which is based on the reduction of the impact of soil and water contamination by this technology.
A 3.4&#x00B5;W CMOS image sensor with embedded feature-extraction algorithm for motion-triggered object-of-interest imaging (2013)

Distributed sensor nodes typically operate under the constraint of limited energy source, and power consumption is an important factor to extend the lifetime of sensor systems. Several low-power imagers have been reported for application to wireless sensor networks [1,2]. However, the biggest power consumption comes from wireless signal transmission due to the large bandwidth of image signals [3]. One way to reduce the bandwidth is to generate signals only when an event happens, by monitoring temporal changes [3-5]. However, this event-based imaging has extraneous redundancy because the sensor may also respond to environmental conditions, such as change of illumination or background movement in addition to actual target objects.
Fixed-Bed Reactors (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Catalyst Forms for Fixed-Bed Reactors 2.1. Gas - Catalyst Mass and Heat Transfer 2.1.1. Random Packings 2.1.2. Monolith Structures 2.2. Flow and Pressure Loss in Fixed Beds 2.3. Heat Transport Transverse to the Flow Direction 2.4. Comparison and Evaluation of Different Catalyst Forms 2.4.1. Catalyst Forms for Adiabatic Operation 2.4.2. Catalyst Forms for Isothermal Operation 3. Adiabatic Reaction Control 4. Reaction Control with Supply or Removal of Heat in the Reactor 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Adiabatic Multistage Reactors with Interstage Heat Transfer 4.3. Reactors with Heat Exchange Integrated in the Fixed Bed 4.3.1. Heat Transfer Media for Fixed-Bed Reactors 4.3.2. Reactor Designs 4.3.3. Influencing the Course of the Reaction 5. Autothermal Reaction Control 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Reaction Control with Periodic Flow Reversal 5.3. Reactor Behavior 6. Stability, Dynamics, and Control of Industrial Fixed-Bed Reactors 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Parametric Sensitivity 6.3. Multiple Stationary States 6.4. Migrating Reaction Zones 6.5. Safety Aspects 6.6. Control of Fixed-Bed Reactors
Preparation of Electroconductive Paper by Deposition of Conducting Polymer (2010)

The thesis describes an investigation into the interaction between the conducting polymer and cellulosic materials, and the preparation of electroconductive paper. The adsorption behavior of the conducting polymer onto cellulosic materials was characterized. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was used as conducting polymer because of its attractive properties in terms of conductivity, water solubility, and environmental stability. The model substrate used for adsorption was microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Various pH levels and salt concentrations were explored to completely understand the adsorption behavior of PEDOT:PSS. The variation in surface charge characteristics when the pH and salt concentration were changed was monitored by polyelectrolyte titration and zeta potential measurement. The adsorption isotherm showed a broad molecular distribution of the conducting polymer and considerable interaction between the polymer and MCC. As the pH of the solution was increased, the adsorbed amount decreased. With varying salt concentrations, the adsorption passed through a maximum. The extent of deposition of PEDOT:PSS on the surface of cellulosic fibers was investigated using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) with a commercial base paper as substrate. XPS analysis of dip-coated paper samples showed PEDOT enrichment on the surface. The degree of washing the dip-coated paper with acidic water did not significantly affect the PEDOT enrichment on the surface. A base paper was coated with PEDOT:PSS blends to produce electroconductive papers. The bulk conductivities (σdc) of the coated papers were measured using a four-probe technique and impedance spectroscopy. One-side and two-side coating gave comparable conductivity levels. Various organic solvents added to the PEDOT:PSS dispersion at different concentrations showed various effects on the bulk conductivity of the coated paper. Blends containing sorbitol and isopropanol did not enhance the bulk conductivity of the coated paper, and at high concentrations these organic solvents lowered the conductivity. Paper samples coated with a PEDOT:PSS blend containing N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) exhibited a higher conductivity than when coated with pure PEDOT:PSS, due to conformational changes and their plasticizing effect. The effect of calendering was investigated and only the sample subjected to 174 kN/m line load after coating showed significant conductivity enhancement. The addition of TiO2 pigment lowered the bulk conductivity of the paper. Contact angle measurements were made to monitor the effect of coating the paper with PEDOT:PSS blends on the hydrophilicity of the paper samples. The amount of PEDOT:PSS deposited in the fiber network was determined using total sulfur analysis. Thus, this study makes use of conventional paper surface treatment as method for achieving bulk conductivity of paper in the semi-conductor range without significantly decreasing the paper strength.
FEM model for evaluating buttock tissue response under sitting load (2005)

Development of a model for evaluating tissue compression during sitting has been hampered by limitation of implementing the anatomical and mechanical parameters of the various layers of tissue. This study proposes a new method to setup and validate a finite element model for buttock tissue to evaluate the tissue response under external sitting load. Multi-layer tissue deformation was measured with ultrasound imaging under simulated sitting load, applied and monitored through an indenter which integrates ultrasound probe and force/pressure sensors. Subject-specific FE model can then be setup and validated. Pilot test of this model revealed that the highest peak stress was found in the vicinity of the ischial tuberosity and the greatest deformation seen in the muscle layer. The authors conclude that this new method allows accurate multi-layer tissue deformation be obtained under close to real sitting load, therefore, provides a better way to evaluate tissue response to external sitting load for seated individuals in a true and subject-specific fashion, which may provide helpful information to improve the sitting comfort and prevent pressure ulcers in wheelchair bound individuals.
Pharmacokinetic Analysis Verifies P450 Function During In Vitro and In Vivo Application of a Bioartificial Liver (1993)

Lidocaine is a sensitive substrate for evaluating liver P450 function. In this study, metabolism of lidocaine by xenogeneic hepatocytes in a hollow fiber, bioartificial liver was measured under in vitro conditions (n = 6) and in an anhepatic rabbit model. Animals in the treatment group (n = 6) received hemoperfusion by a bioartificial liver that contained 100 million rat hepatocytes. Other anhepatic rabbits received no hemoperfusion (n = 3) or a bioartificial liver with no cells (n = 3). Lidocaine clearance was 7.0 +/- 0.6 ml/min, and the half-life of lidocaine was 5.6 +/- 0.8 hr under in vitro conditions. Conversion of lidocaine to 3-hydroxy-lidocaine was confirmed in vitro and accounted for 46% of lidocaine elimination in the hepatocyte bioartificial liver. During in vivo application of the bioartificial liver, pharmacokinetic parameters of lidocaine metabolism, including drug half-life and metabolite formation, were significantly improved in anhepatic rabbits. 3-Hydroxy-lidocaine profiles verified the activity of a P450 isozyme expressed preferentially by rat hepatocytes in the bioartificial liver. We conclude that hepatic P450 activity was provided by xenogeneic hepatocytes during in vitro and in vivo applications of a bioartificial liver.
Design of D–π–A type photoacid generators for high efficiency excitation at 405 nm and 800 nm (2013)

New sulfonium salts with diphenylamino asymmetrically substituted stilbene as a D-π-A conjugated system have been synthesized. The resulting photoacid generators exhibit a highly efficient acid photogeneration process by either one-photon 405 nm or two-photon 800 nm excitation.
Synaptic vesicle dynamic changes in a model of fragile X (2016)

Our findings suggest that FMRP is a regulator of synaptic vesicle dynamics, which supports the role of FMRP in presynaptic functions. Taken together, these studies provide novel insights into the molecular changes associated with FXS.
Obscure: Information-Theoretically Secure, Oblivious, and Verifiable Aggregation Queries on Secret-Shared Outsourced Data -- Full Version (2020)

Despite exciting progress on cryptography, secure and efficient query processing over outsourced data remains an open challenge. We develop a communication-efficient and information-theoretically secure system, entitled Obscure for aggregation queries with conjunctive or disjunctive predicates, using secret-sharing. Obscure is strongly secure (i.e., secure regardless of the computational-capabilities of an adversary) and prevents the network, as well as, the (adversarial) servers to learn the user's queries, results, or the database. In addition, Obscure provides additional security features, such as hiding access-patterns (i.e., hiding the identity of the tuple satisfying a query) and hiding query-patterns (i.e., hiding which two queries are identical). Also, Obscure does not require any communication between any two servers that store the secret-shared data before/during/after the query execution. Moreover, our techniques deal with the secret-shared data that is outsourced by a single or multiple database owners, as well as, allows a user, which may not be the database owner, to execute the query over secret-shared data. We further develop (non-mandatory) privacy-preserving result verification algorithms that detect malicious behaviors, and experimentally validate the efficiency of Obscure on large datasets, the size of which prior approaches of secret-sharing or multi-party computation systems have not scaled to.
Wireless Sensor Networking in the Internet of Things and Cloud Computing Era (2014)

In the recent past we have observed many technological revolutions, including the transition from the analog world into its digital counterpart and from centralized wired solutions to distributed and pervasive wireless systems. In particular, the advent of low- cost and low-power transceivers, together with the development of compact-size and open standard stacks, have made possible Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), largely adopted for both home/office and industrial monitoring applications. The nowadays ambitious goal is to sample, collect and analyze every piece of information around us, in order to improve production efficiency and ensure optimal resource consumption. The “Internet of Things” (IoT), i.e. the capability of connecting every possible device to the World Wide Web, is the practical answer to this request. The very large amount of information that is consequently generated could be profitably handled using “cloud” services, i.e. flexible and powerful hardware/software frameworks capable to deliver computing as a service. The aim of this work is to resume pros and cons of well-accepted WSN technologies, suggesting their possible extension towards already available cloud services.