gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new transthyretin variant (Glu61Gly) associated with cardiomyopathy (2007)

We report the identification of a new transthyretin (TTR) gene mutation and variant protein, Glu61Gly, in a 55-year-old man with progressive cardiomyopathy, mild peripheral neuropathy and bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. A diagnosis of TTR-associated familial amyloidosis (ATTR) was considered after an endomyocardial biopsy revealed amyloid deposits in the heart of a patient who had no family history of amyloidosis and no evidence of a plasma cell dyscrasia. Serum screening for a TTR variant by isoelectric focusing (IEF) was positive and prompted further studies to identify the genetic abnormality and to characterize the amyloidogenic protein. Direct DNA sequence analysis of all four coding regions in the TTR gene demonstrated heterozygosity in exon 3. Near equal amounts of guanine (G) and adenine (A) were observed at the second base position of codon 61. The wild-type (GAG) and mutated (GGG) sequences found in codon 61 correspond to glutamic acid (Glu) and glycine (Gly) residues, amino acids which differ in mass by -72 Da. Mass spectrometric analyses of TTR immunoprecipitated from serum showed the presence of both wild-type and variant proteins. The observed mass results for the wild-type and variant proteins were consistent with the predicted values calculated from the genetic analysis data.
Development of a high precision free-form measurement machine. (2001)

This paper describes a high-precision free-form measurement machine named "A-Ruler." It will be used to measure the shape of freely curved surfaces with a precision of 5 nmRMS at a measurement volume of 350×80×50mm3. A contact-type probe guided by a pair of parallel springs is employed for its capacity to easily measure oblique surfaces. The probe's five motion errors are measured and compensated for using six laser interferometers and three mirrors arranged perpendicularly to each other. This is the core structure of the device, and it ensures accuracy of measurement. On the other hand, other portions such as XYZ-slides are made with rather ordinary components. Studies on margin of error indicate that the measurement of a spherical surface is influenced by almost all types of errors. Therefore, the performance of A-Ruler can be assessed by measuring a spherical surface. A concave sphere work-piece made of ZerodurTM was prepared for this purpose. Its curvature radius is 104.508 mm, the evaluation area is φ120 mm and the maximum angle of obliqueness is 35 degrees. The repeatability, or the difference between two consecutive measurements, is 3.8 nmRMS. The error of the probe's sphericity is found to be sufficiently small compared to this repeatability. Precision is assessed by comparison with an interferometer. The difference between A-Ruler and the interferometer is 3.5 nmRMS per φ120mm area.
Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers with Low-Ripple Optical Pumping Windows (1997)

A general technique for numerically optimizing the optical admittances in GaAs QW vertical-cavity laser structures is used to suppress the interference ripple in the typical reflectance/transmittance spectra. This technique is applicable to any vertical-cavity device whose photonic properties at various wavelengths requires modification for specific applications. In this paper, we report the use of this optimization method to enhance the coupling of pump light into 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). We have designed and fabricated novel lasers which contain a wideband window of low reflectance amidst the typical interference fringe spectrum. The 750-800-nm region for the low-ripple design has an average reflectance of 5%; the peak-to-peak amplitude of the ripple is 0.25%. The sensitivity of these devices to temperature variations and layer-thickness manufacturing variations is also studied. The low-ripple pump window shifts at a rate of 0.036 nm//spl deg/C, the peak-to-peak ripple of the reflectance varies less than 2%, and the pump bandwidth remains constant, over temperatures ranging from 0/spl deg/C to 100/spl deg/C. The low-ripple structure substantially reduces the temperature and wavelength variation of the pump-field overlap by creating a window of nearly constant reflectance.
Imaging versus electrographic connectivity in human mood-related fronto-temporal networks (2022)

The two connectivity methods showed significant convergence, but important differences emerged with respect to the ability of tractography to predict electrophysiological connectivity between SCC and VCVS to regions of the mood-related network. This multimodal approach raises intriguing implications for the use of tractography in surgical targeting and provides new data to enhance our understanding of the network-wide effects of neuromodulation.
Peripheral blood leukocyte mitochondrial DNA content and risk of lung cancer (2022)

Thus, our results counter previous studies and find that lower mtDNA content is associated with lung cancer risk. Our results suggest that mtDNA content could potentially serve as a risk biomarker, but is not associated with survival outcomes in NSCLC.
An architecture for end-to-end quality of service provision and its experimental validation (1996)

High-speed cell switched networks and new computer peripherals supporting various media types suggest novel applications. In particular, these technologies enable the class of long-lived distributed multimedia applications with strict real-time requirements. Until now, a dedicated circuit was required to meet these requirements, as today's packet switched network and end-point technologies (e.g., workstation operating systems) cannot support this application class. This thesis argues that a proper software architecture coupled with cell switched networks can approximate the behavior of a dedicated circuit. The use of software to control multiplexing offers the additional benefit of programmable service customization. This thesis proposes one architecture, and demonstrates its success experimentally. My approach negotiates requirements and guarantees between the application and the network, including the operating system (OS), in a call set-up period prior to use of the network by the application. I establish customized virtual circuits and allocate resources appropriate to the application requirements and OS/network capabilities. These customizations can be renegotiated dynamically. To facilitate this resource management process I have developed a new paradigm, called 'QoS Brokerage', to support Quality of Service. This paradigm requires new services and protocols across all layers of the protocol stack, as well as rearchitecting the application/network interface. I used an application-driven approach to define requirements for the experimental evaluation of our architecture and the brokerage process. This forced an examination of requirement representations and an investigation of the differences between application and network models for QoS, control flows, and guarantee provision in networks. The architecture addresses the important issues of locating essential functions and decision-making points in such a system. The architecture also provides services such as tuning, translation, admission and QoS negotiation/renegotiation, which support the required functionalities. The transmission protocol stack is implemented as a set of generic services, embedded in our Real-Time Application Protocol (RTAP) and Real-Time Network Protocol (RTNP), which are tuned by the deal the QoS Broker achieved. As a driving application I used a master/slave telerobotics application for which I implemented the communication system Omega with functionalities, services, and protocols as outlined above using a dedicated 155 Mbps ATM LAN. This application employs media with diverse requirements and provides a good platform for testing how closely one can approximate a dedicated circuit and controller with workstation hosts and cell-switching. The results show that my software architecture can support this complex control system. It is the first such system to accomplish this goal for telerobotics over ATM. As a consequence of the implementation, I have identified the key barriers to extending these techniques to a larger domain.
Oral Translation in Telephone Surveys (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction How Written and Oral Translation Differ A Two-Country Oral Translation Study Comparing the Orally Translated and Scripted Interviews How Design Affects Translation Interviewer Performance What do the Statistics Tell Us? Discussion and Outlook
Bird's Eye View Feature Selection for High-Dimensional Data (2023)

Abstract In machine learning, an informative dataset is crucial for accurate predictions. However, high dimensional data often contains irrelevant features, outliers, and noise, which can negatively impact model performance and consume computational resources. To tackle this challenge, the Bird's Eye View (BEV) feature selection technique is introduced. This approach is inspired by the natural world, where a bird searches for important features in a sparse dataset, similar to how a bird search for sustenance in a sprawling jungle. BEV incorporates elements of Evolutionary Algorithms with a Genetic Algorithm to maintain a population of top-performing agents, Dynamic Markov Chain to steer the movement of agents in the search space, and Reinforcement Learning to reward and penalize agents based on their progress. The proposed strategy in this paper leads to improved classification performance and a reduced number of features compared to conventional methods, as demonstrated by outperforming state-of-the-art feature selection techniques across multiple benchmark datasets.
Learning Continuous Semantic Representations of Symbolic Expressions (2016)

Combining abstract, symbolic reasoning with continuous neural reasoning is a grand challenge of representation learning. As a step in this direction, we propose a new architecture, called neural equivalence networks, for the problem of learning continuous semantic representations of algebraic and logical expressions. These networks are trained to represent semantic equivalence, even of expressions that are syntactically very different. The challenge is that semantic representations must be computed in a syntax-directed manner, because semantics is compositional, but at the same time, small changes in syntax can lead to very large changes in semantics, which can be difficult for continuous neural architectures. We perform an exhaustive evaluation on the task of checking equivalence on a highly diverse class of symbolic algebraic and boolean expression types, showing that our model significantly outperforms existing architectures.
SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission during the first trimester of pregnancy in asymptomatic women (2022)

Indeed, SARS-CoV-2 can spread to the fetus through the syncytiotrophoblast. Concerningly, this happens in asymptomatic pregnant women as well. Possible long-term detrimental consequences on fetal development still need to be assessed. This should be taken into consideration in the management of pregnant women by implementing preventive strategies.
Orchestrating Platform Ecosystems: The Interplay of Innovation and Business Development Subsystems (2020)

In this paper, we analyze how to orchestrate platform ecosystems in order to ensure the commercialization of constant flows of innovations. We focus on platform-owners and how they orchestrate the coupling process between the innovation part of the ecosystem and the business development part of the ecosystem. We apply a life-cycle perspective, analyzing how these two subsystems are dynamically aligned through this coupling process. Three emblematic case studies illustrate platform-owners&#8217; choices regarding the management of this coupling process. Existing accounts of ecosystem orchestration are quite scarce in the academic literature and do not systematically acknowledge that innovation and business development are subsystems. By considering the two parts of ecosystems, our paper contributes to a more fine-grained understanding of platform ecosystem orchestration.JEL Code: L190
Inactivation of Prothrombin by Purified Thrombin Solutions. (1939)

Evidence is presented to show that solutions of purified thrombin contain a substance which reacts slowly with prothrombin, causing inactivation of the latter. The destructive agent is not present in the calcium, prothrombin, or thromboplastin solutions from which the thrombin is produced. The factor is heat-labile and the evidence indicates that thrombin itself is the factor in question.
Expression of glutathione transferase pi as a predictor for treatment results at different stages of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. (1992)

The expression of glutathione transferase pi (GST pi) was studied in leukemic cells from 60 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis and at progressing stages of the disease. A polyclonal rabbit antibody to human placental GST pi coupled with peroxidase antiperoxidase staining was used for immunodetection of GST pi on sections of routinely fixed bone marrow clots. All patients had received induction therapy based on an anthracycline and a standard dose of ara-C. The expression of GST pi at diagnosis was significantly correlated with response to induction therapy, duration of first remission, and overall survival. Twenty-nine of 36 samples of bone marrow from patients that entered complete remission (CR) following primary induction therapy showed a low expression, whereas nine of 16 sections from patients with resistant disease showed a high expression of GST pi (P less than or equal to 0.03). Of 40 sections that showed a low expression of GST pi, 29 (73%) were taken from patients that achieved a CR, whereas 12 of 19 sections that showed a high expression of the enzyme were from patients with resistant disease or that entered CR only after additional therapy (P less than or equal to 0.02). The median duration of first CR was 18.2 mo for patients whose cells showed a low expression of GST pi compared with 6.7 mo for those that entered CR in spite of a high expression of the enzyme (P less than or equal to 0.005). Of cells from ten patients that at the time of study were in a continuous first CR, none expressed high concentrations of GST pi. The expression of GST pi remained rather constant in most patients as the disease progressed to clinical resistance. At relapse there was no significant correlation between the expression of GST pi and treatment results but, of ten patients that entered a second CR or achieved a partial remission, only one showed a high expression of the enzyme. We conclude that there was a significant correlation between the expression of GST pi at the time of diagnosis and the subsequent treatment results and that GST pi is a useful marker for clinical resistance to cytostatic drugs in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
The Role of Endovascular Therapy in Peripheral Arterial Disease (2012)

Many vascular specialists have embraced endovascular therapy as the first-line treatment for patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and lifestyle-limiting claudication or critical limb ischemia. Compared to surgical bypass, infrainguinal endovascular interventions are associated with reduced durability. These minimally invasive procedures, however, are associated with an improved safety profile and lower morbidity compared to open surgical bypass, even in the setting of significant medical comorbidities. Given the widespread application of endovascular therapy to the treatment of PAD, it is imperative that practitioners involved in the management of patients with PAD and diabetes understand the strengths and weaknesses of endovascular techniques and devices, peri-procedural management, expected results, and outcome measures. This chapter reviews fundamental principles of infrainguinal endovascular therapy for PAD, with specific attention to treatment guidelines and the impact of diabetes and other comorbidities and lesion characteristics on long-term outcome after endovascular therapy.
Pharmacological Modulation of Autophagy During Cardiac Stress (2012)

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular mechanism for degradation of long-lived proteins and organelles. Accumulating lines of evidence indicate that autophagy is deeply involved in the development of cardiac disease. Autophagy is upregulated in almost all cardiac pathological states, exerting both protective and detrimental functions. Whether autophagy activation is an adaptive or maladaptive mechanism during cardiac stress seems to depend upon the pathological context in which it is upregulated, the extent of its activation, and the signaling mechanisms promoting its enhancement. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy may therefore represent a potential therapeutic strategy to limit myocardial damage during cardiac stress. Several pharmacological agents that are able to modulate autophagy have been identified, such as mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, adenosine monophosphate-dependent kinase modulators, sirtuin activators, myo-inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate and calcium-lowering agents, and lysosome inhibitors. Although few of these modulators of autophagy have been directly tested during cardiac stress, many of them seem to have high potential to be efficient in the treatment of cardiac disease. We will discuss the potential usefulness of different pharmacological activators and inhibitors of autophagy in the treatment of cardiac diseases.
Four-Quadrant-Input Linear Transconductor Employing Source and Sink Currents Pair for Analog Multiplier (2006)

A four-quadrant-input linear transconductor generating a product or a product sum current is proposed. The proposed circuit eliminates the influence of channel length modulation and expands a dynamic input voltage range. As an application of the proposed circuit, the four-quadrant analog multiplier is designed. The four-quadrant analog multiplier consists of the proposed circuit, an input circuit and a class AB current buffer. HSPICE simulation results with 0.35 μm n-well single CMOS process parameter are shown in order to evaluate the proposed circuit.
Methanogenesis: genes, genomes, and who's on first? (1997)

Free access1 October 1997 Share on Methanogenesis: genes, genomes, and who's on first?Authors: J N Reeve, J Nölling, R M Morgan, D R SmithAuthors Info & AffiliationsDOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.19.5975-5986.1997 PDF/EPUB
National Survey and Community Advisory Board Development for a Bipolar Disorder Biobank (2015)

These national survey and community advisory data support the merit of establishing a biobank to enable studies of disease risk, provided that health records and research results are adequately protected. The goals of earlier diagnosis and individualized treatment of bipolar disorder were endorsed.
Tengu: An Experimentation Platform for Big Data Applications (2015)

Big data applications have stringent service requirements for scalability and fault-tolerance and involve high volumes of data, high processing speeds and large varieties of database technologies. In order to test big data management solutions, large experimentation facilities are needed, which are expensive in terms of both resource cost and configuration time. This paper presents Tengu, an experimentation platform for big data applications that can automatically be instantiated on GENI (US federation of test beds) and Fed FIRE (EU federation of test beds)compatible test beds. Tengu allows for automatic deployments of several data processing, storage and cloud technologies, including Hadoop, Storm and Open Stack. The paper discusses the Tengu architecture, the Tengu-as-a-service approach and a demonstration of an automated instantiation of the Tengu experimentation suite on the Virtual Wall, a large-scale Emulab testbed at the Minds research institute in Europe.
Profile measurement of aspheric surfaces using scanning deflectometry and rotating autocollimator with wide measuring range (2014)

High-accuracy aspherical mirrors and lenses with large dimensions are widely used in large telescopes and other industry fields. However, the measurement methods for large aspherical optical surfaces are not well established. Scanning deflectometry is used for measuring optical signals near flat surfaces with uncertainties on subnanometer scales. A critical issue regarding scanning deflectometry is that high-accuracy autocollimators (AC) have narrow angular measuring ranges and are not suitable for measuring surfaces with large slopes and angular changes. The goal of our study is to measure the profile of large aspherical optical surfaces with an accuracy of approximately 10 nm. We have proposed a new method to measure optical surfaces with large aspherical dimensions and large angular changes by using a scanning deflectometry method. A rotating AC was used to increase the allowable measuring range. Error analysis showed that the rotating AC reduces the accuracy of the measurements. In this study, we developed a new AC with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) as a light-receiving element (CMOS-type AC). The CMOS-type AC can measure wider ranges of angular changes, with a maximum range of 21 500 µrad (4500 arcsec) and a stability (standard deviation) of 0.1 µrad (0.02 arcsec). We conducted an experiment to verify the effectivity of the wide measuring range AC by the measurement of a spherical mirror with a curvature radius of 500 mm. Furthermore, we conducted an experiment to measure an aspherical optical surface (an off-axis parabolic mirror) and found an angular change of 0.07 rad (4 arcdegrees). The repeatability (average standard deviation) for ten measurements of the off-axis parabolic mirror was less than 4 nm.
Electron optical performance of electron beam lithography columns predicted by a simple model (1989)

A simple model is presented which predicts the maximum attainable current density and associated optimum brightness and semi-angle in a variable shaped spot (VSS) and a Gaussian spot (GS) electron beam lithography system for a given resolution (edge width). For a GS the optimum source demagnification factor is also predicted. The contribution of the forward scattering in the resist is taken into consideration. The model allows the assessment of the sensitivity of the attainable current density to various design and operation parameters. The model is based on the quadratic sum of uncorrelated and uncorrectable aberrations and solves the expression for the sum for the current density using the reduced brightness as variable. VSS systems are characterized by an optimum brightness and a high sensitivity to stochastic trajectory displacement due to electron–electron interaction. The acceleration potential has a paramount effect on the attainable current density, still enhanced when forward scattering due to the resist is included. In GS systems the chromatic and geometrical aberrations limit the attainable density. The brightness attainable with Lanthanum–hexaboride emitters is satisfactory for VSS systems but GS systems require very high brightness guns (e.g., TFE) to exploit the potential for achieving a high current density.