gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
c-yes protein kinase is associated with a 38 kD protein in cerebellum. (1991)

p62c-yes, the protein product of the yes proto-oncogene, was found in association with a cellular protein of 38 kD in chicken cerebella. The complex was detected by immunoprecipitation of cerebellar membranes with affinity purified anti-yes IgG followed by in vitro phosphorylation of the immunocomplex. Both proteins were found to be phosphorylated exclusively on tyrosine. The sedimentation profile of the yes kinase indicated that a fraction of p62c-yes was complexed with the 38 kD protein and comigrated in the gradient with a molecular mass of approximately 150 kD. We have previously described the association of p60c-src with a 38 kD protein, referred to as p38 [Grandori, C. and Hanafusa, H., J. Cell Biol. (1988), 107: 2125-2135]. Comparison of the src-associated p38 with the yes-associated 38 kD protein indicates that they are indistinguishable by one-dimensional peptide mapping. Association of p38 with more than one member of the src-family of tyrosine kinases makes this protein an attractive probe to study the structural and functional aspects of these enzymes.
Facile Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4‐alkoxypyrimidines via Consecutive Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (SNAr) Reactions (2016)

A transition‐metal‐free and regioselective synthesis of a series of 2‐amino‐4‐alkoxypyrimidines is described. The S N Ar alkoxylation of 2,4‐dichloropyrimidines regioselectively provided 2‐chloro‐4‐alkoxypyrimidines, which were subsequently subject to the second S N Ar amination with cyclic amines in the presence of triethylamine at high temperature to afford 2‐amino‐4‐alkoxypyrimidines in good overall yield.
Proposal for a PET scanner with 4π formula steradian span (2017)

The most frequent Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanner design is a cylindrical arrangement of detectors with the specimen lying along the axial direction. This distribution doesnot maximize the geometrical sensitivity unless the axial extent becomes much longer than the axial Field of View (FOV), what becomes a very costly solution. The optimal geometry in terms of sensitivity for a PET scanner is a sphere with the specimen located at the center. The state of the art of scintillator crystals and detectors for γ-rays does not facilitate a design with a smooth spherical geometry due to their rigid flat morphology. In this work we propose a PET scanner design of 4 π steradian coverage as a first approximation to the ideal spherical shape. We present here a design for preclinical imaging as a proof of concept, shaped as an icosahedron with scintillators and photodetectors covering its twenty facets. In the simulations the facets are covered by Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) arranged in matrices for multiplexing reading, coupled to a monolithic laser-engraved LYSO scintillator crystals with pixels matching the spatial sampling of the SiPM distribution. Preliminary results are based on simulations of sources of known activity distributions. Histograms of lines of response distributions in spherical coordinates as well as sinograms and pseudomichelograms are presented. The results confirm the high-sensitivity, as it is shown on the Noise Equivalent Count curve (NEC), and high spatial resolution of the design due to the dense sampling of the FOV.
SONODIVER II Arrays Documentation (1972)

The vertical directionality of ocean ambient noise as a function of frequency, depth, geographical position, and season is desired to properly model candidate array systems performance. To allow such measurements independent of array suspension noises, the use of SONODIVER is planned. This note documents the potential capability of three array lengths to 'cover' the frequency band 5 Hz to 2000 Hz. Each array has five hydrophone sensors which will be instrumented and vertically suspended from the SONODIVER II vehicle, and recorded on analog magnetic tape. The data will be analyzed by sophisticated beamforming computer methods. The results show that this can be accomplished by randomizing the sensor placement along the vertical line and having array lengths of 300 ft, 60 ft and 12 ft.
Torsion dynamics in the evolution from acute to chronic mitral regurgitation. (2002)

Progression from acute to chronic MR is accompanied by decreased and delayed systolic LV torsional deformation and a decline in early diastolic recoil, which may contribute to LV dysfunction by increasing transmural strain gradients during systole and impairing diastolic filling. As torsional deformation and recoil can be measured non-invasively with MRI in humans, such measurements might prove useful in patients with progressive MR as an adjunct to determine the timing of surgical repair.
An architecture for seamless mobility in spontaneous wireless mesh networks (2007)

In this paper, we consider spontaneous wireless mesh networks that can provide wide coverage connectivity to mobile nodes. Our mobility scheme builds upon separation between a persistent node identifier and its current address. When joining the mesh, a mobile node associates with a mesh router that updates a location service managed in the mesh as a distributed hash table. Mobility implies changing addresses while a node moves in the mesh. To keep the rate of location updates and correspondent node notifications low, the address of the new mesh router with which the mobile node is associated needs to be topologically close to the previous one. Thus, such a mobility scheme requires an addressing space with specific properties. We achieve this by defining an algorithm for constructing a pseudo-geographical addressing space: a few nodes know their exact locations and others estimate their relative positions to form a topologically consistent addressing space. Such an addressing space also enables scalable and low overhead routing in the wireless mesh---we propose a trajectory based long distance ballistic geographical routing.
Differential interactions ofeyelessandtwin of eyelesswith thesine oculisenhancer (2002)

Drosophila eye development is under the control of early eye specifying genes including eyeless (ey), twin of eyeless (toy), eyes absent (eya), dachshund (dac) and sine oculis (so). They are all conserved between vertebrates and insects and they interact in a combinatorial and hierarchical network to regulate each other expression. so has been shown to be directly regulated by ey through an eye-specific enhancer (so10). We further studied the regulation of this element and found that both Drosophila Pax6 proteins namely EY and TOY bind and positively regulate so10 expression through different binding sites. By targeted mutagenesis experiments, we disrupted these EY and TOY binding sites and studied their functional involvement in the so10 enhancer expression in the eye progenitor cells. We show a differential requirement for the EY and TOY binding sites in activating so10 during the different stages of eye development. Additionally, in a rescue experiment performed in the so(1) mutant, we show that the EY and TOY binding sites are required for compound eye and ocellus development respectively. Altogether, these results suggest a differential requirement for EY and TOY to specify the development of the two types of adult visual systems, namely the compound eye and the ocellus.
Targeted Deletion of GDF10 has no Effect on Long Term Potentiation, Contextual Learning Ability or Gene Transcription in the Hippocampus (2003)

The developing nervous system depends largely on extracellular cues to shape its complex network of neurons. Classically, neurotrophins are known to be important mediators in this process. More recently, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily of secreted cytokines, have been shown to exert a wide range of effects, such as cellular growth, differentiation, survival and apoptosis, both in the developing and adult nervous system. They signal via serine/threonine kinase receptor essentially to the Smad pathway, which carries the signal to the nucleus where the transcription of target genes is regulated.This thesis investigates the functions of BMPs in the nervous system, using a set of different models. Firstly, a targeted deletion of GDF10 (BMP3b) in the mouse was established to evaluate the role of this growth/differentiation factor in the hippocampal formation, a brain area known to be involved in memory processing. Other members of the TGFβ superfamily likely compensate for the lack of GDF10, since no detectable alterations in hippocampal function or gene transcription profile have been found. Secondly, a mouse model was set up, with the aim to study impaired BMP-signalling in dopaminergic neurons. The tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) locus was used to drive the expression of dominant negative BMP receptors by means of bicistronic mRNAs. TH is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamine and the mice described, show a graded decrease of TH-activity resulting in severe to mild dopamine deficiency. The contribution of the dominant negative BMP receptors to the phenotype is however secondary to the apparent TH hypomorphism. The final theme of this thesis is the potentiating effects of BMPs on neurotrophin-induced neurite outgrowth as studied in explanted ganglia from chick embryos and in the rat phaeochromocytoma cell line PC12. A number of pharmacological inhibitors of intracellular signalling kinases were applied to the cultures in order to reveal the contribution of different pathways to the enhanced neurite outgrowth. We made the unexpected finding that inhibition of MEK signalling mimicked the potentiating effects of BMP stimulation in the chick system. The underlying mechanisms for the synergistic effects, however, are still an enigma.
Vorticity generation and conservation for two-dimensional interfaces and boundaries – ERRATUM (2020)

We identify an incorrect term in the expression for the rate of change of circulation of a material volume including an interface between two fluids which appears in Br ns et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 758, 2014, pp. 63 93). Brons et al. (2014) have analysed the vorticity generation from two-dimensional interfaces as well as the vorticity flux across such interfaces. In the expressions (2.18) for the vorticity source at the interface and (2.19) for the rate of change of circulation ddt of a material volume A which includes both fluids, a term (Formula Presented).
End-fire microphone array based on phase difference enhancement algorithm (2010)

This paper proposes a dual-microphone end-fire array directivity enhancement method based on phase difference enhancement algorithm. This method passes, without distortion, all signal components within a specified angle range of incidence from the desire direction, and attenuates the interference signals outside this range, i.e., without an undesired backward lobe existing in the prior work using a broadside microphone array to receive sound signal. Reconsidering the relation between the phase difference and attenuation, a method to double the maximum operating frequency in a conventional end-fire array is also provided.
To Avoid Chasing Incorrect Chemical Structures of Chiral Compounds: Raman Optical Activity and Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopies (2017)

A chemical structure (CS) identifies the connectivities between atoms, and the nature of those connections, for a given elemental composition. For chiral molecules, in addition to the identification of CS, the identification of the correct absolute configuration (AC) is also needed. Several chiral natural products are known whose CSs were initially misidentified and later corrected, and these errors were often discovered during the total synthesis of natural products. In this work, we present a new and convenient approach that can be used with Raman optical activity (ROA) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopies, to distinguish between the correct and incorrect CSs of chiral compounds. This approach involves analyzing the spectral similarity overlap between experimental spectra and those predicted with advanced quantum chemical theories. Significant labor needed for establishing the correct CSs via chemical syntheses of chiral natural products can thus be avoided.
Cover Picture: Tunable Thermoelastic Anisotropy in Hybrid Bragg Stacks with Extreme Polymer Confinement (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 3/2020) (2019)

Hybrid Bragg stacks consisting of alternating clay nanosheets and extremely confined polymers are fabricated by a scalable spray-coating process. In their Research Article on page 1286, M. Retsch, J. Breu, G. Fytas et al. show that an unprecedented cross-plane periodicity and tunable confinement down to Angstrom precision can be achieved. The resulting anisotropic thermoelastic properties demonstrate remarkable ratios of in-plane to cross-plane thermal conductivity up to 38 and corresponding Young′s moduli up to 7. Hybrid Bragg stacks consisting of alternating clay nanosheets and extremely confined polymers are fabricated by a scalable spray-coating process. In their Research Article on page 1286, M. Retsch, J. Breu, G. Fytas et al. show that an unprecedented cross-plane periodicity and tunable confinement down to Angstrom precision can be achieved. The resulting anisotropic thermoelastic properties demonstrate remarkable ratios of in-plane to cross-plane thermal conductivity up to 38 and corresponding Young′s moduli up to 7. 2D Materials Nanostructures Self-Assembly
Towards a Simple and Efficient Web Search Framework (2018)

The Web Track of 2014 Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) addresses the most fundamental problem of Information Retrieval. We did not intend to craft a system that beats the state-of-the-art search engines, but to design a light weight and cost-effective system with comparable performances. We introduce a twopass retrieval framework, with the first pass consisting of a simple and efficient retrieval model that focuses on recall, and the second pass a wave of feature extraction algorithms run on the set of top ranked documents, followed by Learning to Rank (LETOR) algorithms that provide different precision oriented rankings, and their outputs are combined using data fusion. We have focused on using statistical Language Models with novel and well-known smoothing techniques, different LETOR methods, and various data fusion techniques. In addition, we have also tried using topic modelling with Hierarchical Dirichlet Allocation for query expansion in the hope of improving diversity of our results. However, the topic modelling approach has turned out to be unsuccessful, and we have not been able to spot the problem and benefit from it in this work. In addition, we also present some further analyses demonstrating that our approach is robust against overfitting, and some general studies on overfitting in the context of LETOR.
Instrumentation for Simultaneous Non-Destructive Profiling of Refractive Index and Rare-Earth-Ion Distributions in Optical Fiber Preforms (2018)

We present a non-destructive technique for a combined evaluation of refractive index and active-dopant distribution in the same position along a rare-earth-doped optical fiber preform. The method relies on luminescence measurements, analyzed through an optical tomography technique, to define the active dopant distribution and ray-deflection measurements to calculate the refractive index profile. The concurrent evaluation of both the preform refractive index and the active dopant profiles allows for an accurate establishment of the dopant distribution within the optical core region. This combined information is important for the optimization and development of a range of advanced fibers, used, for example, in a high-power fiber lasers and modern spatial-division-multiplexing optical communication systems. In addition, the non-destructive nature allows the technique to be used to identify the most appropriate preform segment, thus increasing fiber yield and reducing development cycles. We demonstrate the technique on an Yb3+-doped aluminosilicate fiber preform and compare it with independent refractive index and active-dopant measurements. This technique will be useful for quality evaluation and optimization of optical fiber preforms and lends itself to advanced instrumentation.
Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on Locomotor Adaptation (2014)

(See Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A74) for more insights from the authors.
Universal Simulation Platform Online, A Multi-Participants I.E.D. Disposal Simulator (2023)

Improvised explosive devices are unconventional weapons that are a significant threat to public safety. Explosive ordnance disposal personnel are tasked with determining methods and procedures for locating, neutralizing, and disposing of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive threats in extreme environments. Training methods vary depending on the region and military unit, and may use a combination of tools to facilitate a learning process. In our previous work, we proposed a Virtual Reality simulation called Universal Simulation Platform to enable explosive ordnance disposal personnel to train in a safe virtual environment without being exposed to potentially harmful real-world situations whilst being cost effective. In this paper, we propose a multi-participant revision of the simulation software, which allows multiple participants to connect and join a session, work together and attempt to neutralize a bomb(s). A multi-participant improvised explosive device disposal simulation is a novel virtual reality training approach which introduces crucial neutralization training aspects such as teamwork and communication, often neglected functions of virtual reality training simulations.
A Multimodal Human-Robot Interaction Manager for Assistive Robots (2019)

With rapid advances in social robotics, humanoids and autonomy, robot assistants appear to be within reach. However, robots are still unable to effectively interact with humans in activities of daily living. One of the challenges is in the frequent use of multiple communication modalities when humans engage in collaborative activities. In this paper, we propose a Multimodal Interaction Manager, a framework for an assistive robot that maintains an active multimodal interaction with a human partner while performing physical collaborative tasks. The heart of our framework is a Hierarchical Bipartite Action-Transition Network (HBATN), which allows the robot to infer the state of the task and the dialogue given spoken utterances and observed pointing gestures from a human partner, and to plan its next actions. Finally, we implemented this framework on a robot to provide preliminary evidence that the robot can successfully participate in a task-oriented multimodal interaction.
Changes in reaction time, coefficient of variance of reaction time, and autonomic nerve function in the mental fatigue state caused by long-term computerized Kraepelin test workload in healthy volunteers (2012)

Fatigue is a common sense caused by crushing labor, stressful social events and various illnesses. It is usually judged by their subjective symptoms, but it should be evaluated in an objective perspective. Here we show that the decrease of working efficiency and sympathetic hyperactivity are associated with mental fatigue state caused by prolonged mental workload. Recently we made a new mental fatigue model of healthy volunteers caused by long-term computerized Kraepelin test (CKT) workload. CKT is our new software for automatically checking the calculation capability, with which it is easy to determine the reaction time (RT), coefficient of variance of reaction time (CV), and accuracy of the answers (AC) during tasks. We put 24 healthy volunteers into the fatigue state by subjecting them to 120 minutes’ CKT workload, and then studied the changes in fatigue sensation, RT, CV, and AC before and after the CKT workload. The fatigue sensation, RT, and CV were clearly increased by the fatigue-inducing task and recovered during the resting period. We also studied the changes in autonomic nerve activity by using heart rate variability analysis. The low/high frequency component ratio (LF/HF) was signifi-cantly increased by the fatigue-inducing task and decreased by resting, suggesting that mental stress causes a relatively sympathetic nerve activity-dominant state. Therefore, our new fatigue model involving a long-term CKT workload is a good mental fatigue model to provide much information about the fatigue state simultane-ously, and the increase of RT, CV, and proportion of sympathetic activity (LF/HF) are associated with mental fatigue state. These might be useful objective biomarkers or evaluating a mental fatigue state.
Free‐breathing mapping of hepatic iron overload in children using 3D multi‐echo UTE cones MRI (2021)

Golden-ratio re-ordered 3D multi-echo UTE Cones MRI enabled motion-robust, ungated, and free-breathing <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>∗</mml:mo></mml:msubsup></mml:math> mapping of hepatic iron overload, with comparable <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>∗</mml:mo></mml:msubsup></mml:math> measurements and image quality to BH Cartesian, and better image quality than FB Cartesian.
FPGA prototyping by Verilog examples: Xilinx Spartan-3 version (2008)

FPGA Prototyping Using Verilog Examples will provide you with a hands-on introduction to Verilog synthesis and FPGA programming through a "learn by doing" approach. By following the clear, easy-to-understand templates for code development and the numerous practical examples, you can quickly develop and simulate a sophisticated digital circuit, realize it on a prototyping device, and verify the operation of its physical implementation. This introductory text that will provide you with a solid foundation, instill confidence with rigorous examples for complex systems and prepare you for future development tasks.
Nerve stimulation for low back pain - a review (1997)

The frequency of low back pain in the general and nursing populations contrasts with the lack of effective treatment and management. Education, ergonomics and treatment have failed to reduce incidence generally. In 1995, back pain accounted for 14 million GP consultations at a direct cost to the NHS of around £480 million and indirect costs to the country of £5.4 billion (Campbell 1995). Approximately 80,000 nurses each year sustain back injuries at work, 3,600 of whom are invalided out of the NHS (NBPA 1996).
Design techniques and considerations for mmwave SiGe power amplifiers (2009)

This paper describes the techniques to design a SiGe power amplifier (PA) for millimeter wave (mmW) applications. The design methodology of a balanced four-stage common emitter circuit topology was reported. The power amplifier was fully integrated including matching elements and bias circuit. The matching networks use coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines and MIM capacitors. Design considerations including parasitic elements, interconnections, pad model and matching structures are detailed. All these elements are taken into account to optimize the maximum output power. A comparison of the simulated and measured small-signal results is presented up to 110 GHz. The simulated and measured large-signal parameters are shown at 60, 65 and 77 GHz.
Analysis of error due to presence of gaps in the measurement of rock samples in a coaxial line (1983)

Abstract The theory of coaxial-line-scattering-matrix method is reviewed and the theory of gap correction is developed. Discussion includes the influence due to the presence of gaps on the apparent rock property. Correction charts to correct measured complex permittivity of rock sample to its actual value are produced. These charts are useful in the interpretation of the measured data of rock properties using the coaxial-line-scattering-matrix method.