gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved preparation of the clathrate host compound tri-o-thymotide and related trisalicylide derivatives (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved preparation of the clathrate host compound tri-o-thymotide and related trisalicylide derivativesJallal M. Gnaim, Bernard S. Green, Rina Arad-Yellin, and Philip M. KeehnCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 14, 4525–4529Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00014a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00014a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views321Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies on the Constituents of Evodiopanax innovans NAKAI. V. : The Constituents of the Benzene-soluble Components of the Leaves (1970)

Higher aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, fatty acids, and their methyl esters were isolated from the leaves of Evodiopanax innovans NAKAI. A small amount of stigmasterol was suggested as one of the constituents.
O2‐04‐07: Functional connectivity changes during visual processing associated with grey matter atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (2010)

Brain activity underlying relatively preserved visual-perceptual function has been shown to be altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is associated with impaired visual memory. Since the occipito-parietal and temporal visual processing pathways are within brain areas typically affected by AD pathology, we examined the spatial pattern of grey matter (GM) atrophy that is associated with visual functional network changes in AD. Eleven AD subjects (age = 71.9, SD = 7.3) and 17 elderly healthy control subjects (HC, age = 67.2, SD = 3.9) underwent a functional MRI based face matching task to assess visual object processes and a location matching task to assess visual spatial function. A second level joint independent component analysis (jICA) on normalized MRI derived maps of GM concentration and fMRI contrast images of brain activation during either location matching or face matching was conducted. For the combined fMRI face matching and GM analysis, the loading parameters were significantly higher in HC compared to AD for one component. Higher activation of that component in HC was observed within the occipital lobe, inferior temporal and frontal lobe, and cerebellar regions but relatively lower activity within the parietal lobe and the superior temporal gyrus. These differences in the fMRI component were associated with higher GM concentration in HC primarily within subcortical regions and hippocampus/parahippocampus. For the location matching vs. GM analysis, HC had significantly higher loading parameters on a component that spanned a network including ventral frontal, fusiform gyrus, parietal and subcortial structures and relatively lower activity within the superior frontal gyri and superior/middle temporal gyri. These functional changes were associated with GM differences again in subcortical, medial temporal and cingulate brain regions. When the joint components between face and location matching were examined in a jICA analysis, there was a frontal shift of activation present across both tasks in AD when compared to HC. The multimodal fusion analysis revealed AD-specific, grey matter atrophy associated pattern of functional visual network changes that may serve compensatory processes. Future studies are needed to identify how these structural-functional correlates of basic visual processes relate to cognitive deficits in AD.
Sustained Reduction of Serum Cholesterol in Low-Dose 6-Year Simvastatin Treatment With Minimum Side Effects in 51,321 Japanese Hypercholesterolemic Patients (2003)

The Japan Lipid Intervention Trial (J-LIT) study, a nationwide cohort study utilizing the clinical practice of general physicians, was designed to clarify the relationship between the incidence of coronary heart disease and serum lipid concentrations during simvastatin therapy, as well as the safety of the therapy, in a large number of Japanese hypercholesterolemic patients. All the enrolled patients were treated with simvastatin. The current study analyzed the lipid lowering effect and safety of the low-dose simvastatin therapy used in the J-LIT study. Open-labeled simvastatin was given to 51,321 patients at an initial dose of mostly 5 mg/day. After 6 months of the treatment, the average serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations in all the patients followed up were reduced by 18.3% and 26.0%, respectively, and that of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased 2.3% on average. These concentrations were well maintained throughout the 6-year treatment period. A minority of patients (1.4%) unexpectedly had a remarkable reduction in TC concentration by more than 40%. Hyper-responders, even to low-dose statin, were found for the first time in this large-scale and long-term investigation. Overall adverse drug reactions occurred in 3.3% of subjects during the 6-year treatment, the major events being hepatic and musculoskeletal disorders, of which the incidence was less than 1%. Low-dose simvastatin therapy of 5 mg/day effectively controlled the serum TC concentration by reducing it by approximately 20% on average in hypercholesterolemic Japanese patients, a reduction that corresponds to the effect of simvastatin 20 mg/day in Western studies. In addition, the low incidence of drug-related adverse events in this study may be also related to the low dosage of simvastatin.
Nonlinear Transport of the Wigner Solid on SuperfluidHe4in a Channel Geometry (2009)

Nonlinear transport of electron crystal floating on superfluid 4He is investigated in channels 8 and 15 mum in width, where the electron velocity and driving electric field are uniform. At a high excitation, we observe a jump in the velocity caused by the decoupling of the electrons from the underlying surface deformation. The obtained driving field at the jump indicates that the decoupling occurs from the dynamically deepened surface deformation as a result of the Bragg-Cherenkov scattering of surface waves. Our results also account for the unusual nonlinear transport reported by Glasson et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 176802 (2001)10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.176802] considering the electrode geometry.
Implementing Optimal Policy through Inflation-Forecast Targeting (2004)

We examine to what extent variants of inflation-forecast targeting can avoid stabilization bias, incorporate history-dependence, and achieve determinacy of equilibrium, so as to reproduce a socially optimal equilibrium. We also evaluate these variants in terms of the transparency of the connection with the ultimate policy goals and the robustness to model perturbations. A suitably designed inflation-forecast targeting rule can achieve the social optimum and at the same time have a more transparent connection to policy goals and be more robust than competing instrument rules.
Surface Orientation and Wetting Phenomena in Si/α‐Alumina System at 1723 K (2005)

Wetting phenomena and the effect of alumina surface orientation on the wettability in Si/α‐Al 2 O 3 system were studied by an improved sessile drop method using , , C(0001) faces of single crystals and polycrystals at 1723 K in a reducing Ar–3% H 2 atmosphere. The contact angles show a vibration behavior for all the single crystals but to a less extent for the polycrystals. The extent of the vibration correlates not only with the reaction intensity but also with the stability of the Si droplet on the alumina surfaces. The interfacial reaction leads to the formation of a series of reaction rings, which is more serious at the single crystal surfaces. More importantly, the wettability is dependent on the alumina surface orientation, with the intrinsic contact angles being about 98±2°, 101±1°, 69±1°, and 98±2°, respectively, for the , , C(0001) and polycrystal α‐Al 2 O 3 substrates. The much smaller contact angle for molten Si on the C(0001) surface is explained by the favorable reduction in the Si/α‐Al 2 O 3 interfacial free energy by the terminated and enriched aluminum atoms at the reconstructed surface. The importance of the aluminum presence at the Si/α‐Al 2 O 3 interface to the wettability of this system was further demonstrated by a substantial improvement in the wettability of the α‐Al 2 O 3 substrates by Si–Al alloys.
Myocardial fat accumulation is associated with cardiac dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in elderly or female patients: a retrospective observational study (2023)

Patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in elderly or female patients, who had more myocardial fat had more severe left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. Reducing myocardial fat accumulation may be a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes patients.
Supplementary Table S1 from Targeted Exome Sequencing of Krebs Cycle Genes Reveals Candidate Cancer–Predisposing Mutations in Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Genes included in the targeted next-generation sequencing panel&lt;/p&gt;
Mitotic recombination mediated by the JJAZF1 (KIAA0160) gene causing somatic mosaicism and a new type of constitutional NF1 microdeletion in two children of a mosaic female with only few manifestations (2003)

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder with an estimated birth incidence of 1 in 2500 and marked variability of expression. The hallmark symptoms of the fully manifested disease encountered in nearly all patients are cutaneous neurofibromas, cafe au lait spots, axillary freckling, and Lisch nodules. Other common manifestations are bone dysplasias, scoliosis, vasculopathy, and learning disabilities. NF1 patients also suffer from an increased risk of specific tumour types like plexiform neurofibromas, neurofibrosarcomas, optic gliomas, other CNS tumours, phaeochromocytomas, juvenile xanthogranuloma, and juvenile myeloid leukaemia. Mutations of the NF1 gene at 17q11.2 encoding neurofibromin are the molecular basis of the disease. Neurofibromin contains a GTPase activating domain and is a negative regulator of Ras GTPases. Homozygous inactivation of neurofibromin is associated with a dysregulation of Ras mediated signalling pathways and tumorigenesis in NF1 patients.1 More than 70% of the germline mutations are protein truncating and are distributed throughout the coding region.2–4 No distinct genotype-phenotype correlation concerning type and position of the mutations has been established, apart from patients with microdeletions of the NF1 gene region, which are associated with a more severe clinical phenotype and facial dysmorphism. This was recognised very early and confirmed by several studies.5–9 Molecular characterisation of the deletion boundaries showed that non-allelic recombination between two highly homologous sequences separated by ~1.5 Mb eliminates 14 genes together with the NF1 gene during germ cell development.10–14 These 60–85 kb spanning low copy repeats are derived from segments of the WI-12393 gene and contain sequences with homology to chromosome 19. The structure of the NF1 gene region at 17q11.2 is further complicated by other duplicated sequences, such as pseudogene exons of the SMURF2 and the KIAA0160 genes.10,15 Up to now, homologous recombination between these duplicated sequences during mitotic …
Inhibitors of the Sialidase NEU3 as Potential Therapeutics for Fibrosis (2022)

Fibrosing diseases are a major medical problem, and are associated with more deaths per year than cancer in the US. Sialidases are enzymes that remove the sugar sialic acid from glycoconjugates. In this review, we describe efforts to inhibit fibrosis by inhibiting sialidases, and describe the following rationale for considering sialidases to be a potential target to inhibit fibrosis. First, sialidases are upregulated in fibrotic lesions in humans and in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Second, the extracellular sialidase NEU3 appears to be both necessary and sufficient for pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Third, there exist at least three mechanistic ways in which NEU3 potentiates fibrosis, with two of them being positive feedback loops where a profibrotic cytokine upregulates NEU3, and the upregulated NEU3 then upregulates the profibrotic cytokine. Fourth, a variety of NEU3 inhibitors block pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. Finally, the high sialidase levels in a fibrotic lesion cause an easily observed desialylation of serum proteins, and in a mouse model, sialidase inhibitors that stop fibrosis reverse the serum protein desialylation. This then indicates that serum protein sialylation is a potential surrogate biomarker for the effect of sialidase inhibitors, which would facilitate clinical trials to test the exciting possibility that sialidase inhibitors could be used as therapeutics for fibrosis.
Ultrathin polarizing films for the near-infrared region consisting of stacked anisotropic gold island films (1996)

We have fabricated an ultrathin polarizing film for the near-infrared region by stretching a periodic multilayer consisting of gold island layers and glass layers. A polarizing film with an extinction ratio of 21.5 dB and a thickness of ~0.2 microm has been realized at the wavelength of 1300 nm by use of a periodic multilayer of 12 gold island layers with a mass thickness of 21 nm. This polarizing film could be useful as a micropolarizer for fiber-embedded in-line optical devices and hybrid integrated optics.
Towards an IDM Approach of Transforming Web Services into ACME Providing Quality of Service (2011)

In this paper, the work developed aims at contributing to the research related to the Quality of Service (QoS) for Web services. We started this research by providing a comprehensive review and description of the QoS specifications that comprise some already existing factors contributing to the QoS and some newly proposed ones. These include the availability, accessibility, reliability, integrity, the response time of the service, security, performance, etc. Hence, the aim of this research is two folds, first, it helps the designers and developers to provide better web services and second, and it helps ensure consistent software architecture as a reference model for many applications. To achieve this, we model, first, the meta-QoS model of the Web services. Then, we formalize the QoS of the Web services by referring to ARMANI which provides a language of predicates that is powerful enough to reconcile any mismatches and, thus, provide a reliable composition of the Web services. We also, handle the mediation of the composite Web services with the ACME using an automatic MDE approach and implementing a tool for this aim: Web services compositions are transformed onto ACME specifications. We are the, able to check the composition of the Web services through the ACME verification tools.
Development and modification of a device for three-dimensional measurement of orthodontic force system: The V-bend system re-visited (2016)

We developed a device to evaluate the orthodontic force applied by systems requiring high operability. A life-sized, two-tooth model was designed, and the measurements were performed using a custom-made jointed attachment, referred to as an "action stick", to allow clearance for the oversized six-axis sensors. This tooth-sensor apparatus was accurately calibrated, and the error was limited. Vector analysis and rotating coordinate transformation were required to derive the force and moment at the tooth from the sensor readings. The device was then used to obtain measurements of the force and moment generated by the V-bend system. Our device was effective, providing results that were consistent with those of previous studies. This measurement device can be manufactured with force sensors of any size, and it can also be expanded to models with any number of teeth.
Development of a physical 2-D model for arc quenching chamber of lightning protection multichamber systems (2016)

The multi-chamber systems (MCS) were recently proposed as a prospective lightning protection device. 2D-physical model of arc discharge in MCS discharge chamber was developed in order to perform tests of quenching efficiency for various chamber geometry. It was shown that in case of chamber configuration with hollow electrodes the backflow from electrodes appears at some time instance during the current pulse decay phase.
Positive association between physical outcomes and patient-reported outcomes in late-onset Pompe disease: a cross sectional study (2020)

Participation, daily-life activities, and the physical component of quality of life of adult Pompe patients are positively correlated to physical outcomes. This work serves as a first step towards assessing how changes over time in physical outcomes are related to changes in PROMs, and to define the minimal change in physical outcomes required to make an important difference for the patient.
Estimative Current Mode Control Technique for DC–DC Converters Operating in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (2004)

A new control technique for DC-DC converters is introduced and applied to a boost converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). In contrast to conventional control methods, the principal idea of the proposed control scheme is to obtain samples of the required signals and estimate the required switch-on time. The proposed technique is applicable to any converter operating in DCM, including power factor correctors (PFC), however, this letter mainly focuses on boost topology. In this letter, the main mathematical concept of a new control algorithm is introduced, as well as the robustness investigation of the proposed method with simulation and experimental results.
Application of Digital PCR in Detecting Human Diseases Associated Gene Mutation (2017)

Gene mutation has been considered a research hotspot, and the rapid development of biomedicine has enabled significant advances in the evaluation of gene mutations. The advent of digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) elevates the detection of gene mutations to unprecedented levels of precision, especially in cancer-associated genes. dPCR has been utilized in the detection of tumor markers in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples from patients with different types of cancer in samples such as plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and sputum, which confers significant value for dPCR in both clinical applications and basic research. Moreover, dPCR is extensively used in detecting pathogen mutations related to typical features of infectious diseases (e.g., drug resistance) and mutation status of heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA, which determines the manifestation and progression of mtDNA-related diseases, as well as allows for the prenatal diagnosis of monogenic diseases and the assessment of the genome editing effects. Compared with real-time PCR (qPCR) and sequencing, the higher sensitivity and accuracy of dPCR indicates a great advantage in the detection of rare mutation. As a new technique, dPCR has some limitations, such as the necessity of highly allele-specific probes and a large sample volume. In this review, we summarize the application of dPCR in the detection of human disease-associated gene mutations.
HLA and NK Cell Inhibitory Receptor Genes in Resolving Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2004)

Natural killer (NK) cells provide a central defense against viral infection by using inhibitory and activation receptors for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules as a means of controlling their activity. We show that genes encoding the inhibitory NK cell receptor KIR2DL3 and its human leukocyte antigen C group 1 (HLA-C1) ligand directly influence resolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This effect was observed in Caucasians and African Americans with expected low infectious doses of HCV but not in those with high-dose exposure, in whom the innate immune response is likely overwhelmed. The data strongly suggest that inhibitory NK cell interactions are important in determining antiviral immunity and that diminished inhibitory responses confer protection against HCV.
A sticky end for gastrointestinal helminths; the role of the mucus barrier (2018)

Gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes are a group of successful multicellular parasites that have evolved to coexist within the intestinal niche of multiple species. It is estimated that over 10% of the world's population are chronically infected by GI nematodes, making this group of parasitic nematodes a major burden to global health. Despite the large number of affected individuals, there are few effective treatments to eradicate these infections. Research into GI nematode infections has primarily focused on defining the immunological and pathological consequences on host protection. One important but neglected aspect of host protection is mucus, and the concept that mucus is just a simple barrier is no longer tenable. In fact, mucus is a highly regulated and dynamic-secreted matrix, underpinned by a physical hydrated network of highly glycosylated mucins, which is increasingly recognized to have a key protective role against GI nematode infections. Unravelling the complex interplay between mucins, the underlying epithelium and immune cells during infection are a major challenge and are required to fully define the protective role of the mucus barrier. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on mucins and the mucus barrier during GI nematode infections, with particular focus on murine models of infection.
The topograpy of demyelination and neurodegeneration in the multiple sclerosis brain (2016)

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with primary demyelination and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. In our study we analysed demyelination and neurodegeneration in a large series of multiple sclerosis brains and provide a map that displays the frequency of different brain areas to be affected by these processes. Demyelination in the cerebral cortex was related to inflammatory infiltrates in the meninges, which was pronounced in invaginations of the brain surface (sulci) and possibly promoted by low flow of the cerebrospinal fluid in these areas. Focal demyelinated lesions in the white matter occurred at sites with high venous density and additionally accumulated in watershed areas of low arterial blood supply. Two different patterns of neurodegeneration in the cortex were identified: oxidative injury of cortical neurons and retrograde neurodegeneration due to axonal injury in the white matter. While oxidative injury was related to the inflammatory process in the meninges and pronounced in actively demyelinating cortical lesions, retrograde degeneration was mainly related to demyelinated lesions and axonal loss in the white matter. Our data show that accumulation of lesions and neurodegeneration in the multiple sclerosis brain does not affect all brain regions equally and provides the pathological basis for the selection of brain areas for monitoring regional injury and atrophy development in future magnetic resonance imaging studies.