gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three New Nardosinane Type Sesquiterpenes from an Indonesian Soft Coral Nephthea sp. (2008)

Three new sesquiterpenes, 2-deoxy-7-O-methyllemnacarnol (1), 2-deoxy-12 alpha-ethoxy-7-O-methyllemnacarnol (2), and 2-deoxy-12 alpha-methoxy-7-O-methyllemnacarnol (3), were isolated from a soft coral Nephthea sp. collected in Indonesia, together with five known sesquiterpenes. The structures of the new compounds were assigned on the basis of their spectroscopic data.
Representing a generalizations distribution table by connectionist networks for evolutionary rule discovery (2002)

This paper introduces a new approach for rule discovery from databases, in which a variation of transition matrix named generalizations distribution table (GDT) is used as a hypothesis search space for generalization. Furthermore, by representing the GDT as connectionist networks, if-then rules can be discovered in an evolutionary, parallel-distributed cooperative mode. The key features of this approach are that it can predict unseen instances because the search space considers all possible combination of the seen instances, and the uncertainty of a rule including the prediction of possible instances can be explicitly represented in the strength of the rule. This paper focuses on some basic concepts of our methodology and how to represent generalizations distribution tables by connectionist networks.
Internal Disulfide Bond Acts as a Switch for Intein Activity (2013)

Inteins are intervening polypeptides that catalyze their own removal from flanking exteins, concomitant to the ligation of the exteins. The intein that interrupts the DP2 (large) subunit of DNA polymerase II from Methanoculleus marisnigri (Mma) can promote protein splicing. However, protein splicing can be prevented or reduced by overexpression under nonreducing conditions because of the formation of a disulfide bond between two internal intein Cys residues. This redox sensitivity leads to differential activity in different strains of E. coli as well as in different cell compartments. The redox-dependent control of in vivo protein splicing in an intein derived from an anaerobe that can occupy multiple environments hints at a possible physiological role for protein splicing.
Principles of Injectable Facial Filling (2019)

Currently, the term “fillers” refers to injectable off-the-shelf products used to treat skin irregularities and volume deficiencies. The use of fillers to correct wrinkles and creases as well as to restore volume to the aged face has grown rapidly. The clinician must fill lines and creases as well as undertake the more difficult task of creating three-dimensional shapes in the subcutaneous space with a two-dimensional instrument. Local anesthetic temporarily adds facial volume in order to demonstrate the intended result of the final injection. This technique is invaluable because “previewing” the intended result allows the clinician and client to make adjustments with impunity.
Diffusion of lithium in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite at low concentrations and high temperatures (1989)

Graphite forms intercalates with a variety of elements and molecules because of the absence of chemical bonding between the hexagonal layer planes. The formation of stage-one intercalate ${\mathrm{LiC}}_{6}$ increases the interlayer distance from 0.335 to 0.371 nm. Although the diffusion of Li into graphite precedes intercalate formation, no data exist for Li transport at low Li concentrations. The release kinetics of Li was measured from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) at Li concentrations between 1 and 10 ppm and temperatures in the range from 1000 to 1300 K, and diffusion coefficients for the isotopes $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ were determined. The Li transport in HOPG is strongly anisotropic, and the contribution to the total release of the diffusion perpendicular to the graphite planes is negligible. The Li diffusion coefficients in the direction of the graphite planes are given by D=(3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{3}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/s) exp(-1.83 eV/kT). The D value at 1070 K is 7.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/s.
Porous Si as a substrate for the monolithic integration of RF and millimeter-wave passive devices (transmission lines, inductors, filters, and antennas): Current state-of-art and perspectives (2017)

The increasing need for miniaturization, reliability, and cost efficiency in modern telecommunications has boosted the idea of system-on-chip integration, incorporating the RF front-end circuitry and the passive elements such as RF transmission lines, inductors, antennas, and filters. However, the performance of the passive elements of these circuits is highly degraded when integrated on standard CMOS Si, due to its low resistivity. Porous silicon (PSi) has emerged as a promising local substrate material for the on-chip monolithic integration of high performance passive RF and mm-wave devices, because it combines high resistivity and low permittivity along with CMOS compatibility. This review paper aims at summarizing the obtained results so far in the above area, including transmission lines, inductors, filters, and miniaturized antennas, monolithically integrated on porous Si in a CMOS-compatible environment. In this respect, we first present the requirements for a low-loss, CMOS-compatible RF substrates and we then argue on how PSi fulfills the set requirements. Then, we present the methods used so far to extract the dielectric properties of PSi, which are necessary inputs for designing RF devices. The performance of different passive RF devices such as coplanar waveguides, inductors, filters, and antennas on the local porous Si substrate is then reviewed and compared with the performance of other state-of-the-art RF passive devices based on different technologies. Finally, we discuss the progress made so far towards the industrialization of PSi local RF substrate technology and the challenges that are currently faced towards this objective.
An Optimized Energy-Harvesting Transmission Scheme for Diffusion-Based Molecular Communications (2022)

In this paper, we propose an optimized transmission scheme with energy-harvesting for a diffusion-based molecular communication system composed by nano-devices fed by piezoelectric nanogenerators. To this end, we firstly derive a system model that analytically describes the mean and the variance of the aggregated noise at the output of the receiver and the achievable Bit Error Rate. Then, we formulate an optimization problem that minimizes an objective function defined as a linear combination of the probability that the voltage across the ultra-nanocapacitor of the transmitter goes under a target value and the number of enqueued packets. We solve this problem by considering the actual energy budget, a target Bit Error Rate, and the need to achieve the simplicity of the transmitter as constraints. Finally, we use computer simulations to validate the formulated analytical models and demonstrate the unique ability of the proposed approach to guarantee BER = 5% and BER = 10% for communication distances up to 47 μm and 50 μm , respectively, while registering better results against baseline scenarios.
η6‐Arene‐Zirconium‐PNP‐Pincer Complexes: Mechanism of Their Hydrogenolytic Formation and Their Reactivity as Zirconium(II) Synthons (2016)

The cyclometalated monobenzyl complexes [(Cbzdiphos(R) -CH)ZrBnX] 1 (iPr) Cl and 1 (Ph) I reacted with dihydrogen (10 bar) to yield the η(6) -toluene complexes [(Cbzdiphos(R) )Zr(η(6) -tol)X] 2 (iPr) Cl and 2 (Ph) I (cbzdiphos=1,8-bis(phosphino)-3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazole). The arene complexes were also found to be directly accessible from the triiodide [(Cbzdiphos(Ph) )ZrI3 ] through an in situ reaction with a dibenzylmagnesium reagent and subsequent hydrogenolysis, as exemplified for the η(6) -mesitylene complex [(Cbzdiphos(Ph) )Zr(η(6) -mes)I] (3 (Ph) I). The tolyl-ring in 2 (iPr) Cl adopts a puckered arrangement (fold angle 23.3°) indicating significant arene-1,4-diido character. Deuterium labeling experiments were consistent with an intramolecular reaction sequence after the initial hydrogenolysis of a Zr-C bond by a σ-bond metathesis. A DFT study of the reaction sequence indicates that hydrogenolysis by σ-bond metathesis first occurs at the cyclometalated ancillary ligand giving a hydrido-benzyl intermediate, which subsequently reductively eliminates toluene that then coordinates to the Zr atom as the reduced arene ligand. Complex 2 (Ph) I was reacted with 2,6-diisopropylphenyl isocyanide giving the deep blue, diamagnetic Zr(II) -diisocyanide complex [(Cbzdiphos(Ph) )Zr(CNDipp)2 I] (4 (Ph) I). DFT modeling of 4 (Ph) I demonstrated that the HOMO of the complex is primarily located as a "lone pair on zirconium", with some degree of back-bonding into the C≡N π* bond, and the complex is thus most appropriately described as a zirconium(II) species. Reaction of 2 (Ph) I with trimethylsilylazide (N3 TMS) and 2 (iPr) Cl with 1-azidoadamantane (N3 Ad) resulted in the formation of the imido complexes [(Cbzdiphos(R) )Zr=NR'(X)] 5 (iPr) Cl-NAd and 5 (Ph) I-NTMS, respectively. Reaction of 2 (iPr) Cl with azobenzene led to N-N bond scission giving 6 (iPr) Cl, in which one of the NPh-fragments is coupled with the carbazole nitrogen to form a central η(2) -bonded hydrazide(-1), whereas the other NPh-fragment binds to zirconium acting as an imido-ligand. Finally, addition of pyridine to 2 (iPr) Cl yielded the dark purple complex [(Cbzdiphos(iPr) )Zr(bpy)Cl] (7 (iPr) Cl) through a combination of CH-activation and C-C-coupling. The structural data and UV/Vis spectroscopic properties of 7 (iPr) Cl indicate that the bpy (bipyridine) may be regarded as a (dianionic) diamido-type ligand.
Integration of Droplet Microfluidic Tools for Single-cell Functional Metagenomics: An Engineering Head Start (2021)

&lt;p&gt;Droplet microfluidics techniques have shown promising results to study single-cells at high throughput. However, their adoption in laboratories studying “-omics” sciences is still irrelevant because of the field’s complex and multidisciplinary nature. To facilitate their use, here we provide engineering details and organized protocols for integrating three droplet-based microfluidic technologies into the metagenomic pipeline to enable functional screening of bioproducts at high throughput. First, a device encapsulating single-cells in droplets at a rate of ~ 250 Hz is described considering droplet size and cell growth. Then, we expand on previously reported fluorescent activated droplet sorting (FADS) systems to integrate the use of 4 independent fluorescence-exciting lasers (e.g., 405, 488, 561, 637 nm) in a single platform to make it compatible with different fluorescence-emitting biosensors. For this sorter, both hardware and software are provided and optimized for effortlessly sorting droplets at 60 Hz. Then, a passive droplet merger was also integrated into our method to enable adding new reagents to already made droplets at a rate of 200 Hz. Finally, we provide an optimized recipe for manufacturing these chips using silicon dry-etching tools. Because of the overall integration and the technical details presented here, our approach allows biologists to quickly use microfluidic technologies and achieve both single-cell resolution and high-throughput (&gt; 50,000 cells/day) capabilities to mining and bioprospecting metagenomic data.&lt;/p&gt;
‘A young slip of botany’: botanical networks, the South Atlantic, and Britain’s maritime worlds,c.1790–1810 (2016)

Abstract This article explores the relationship between science and empire, through the prism of British botanical engagement with the South Atlantic in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It investigates the logistics of plant exchanges, as information, expertise, and specimens followed the maritime contours of the British empire. The discussion traces the nascent network-building undertaken by officials, residents, and visitors on St Helena and at the Cape of Good Hope, and the exchange of plant specimens with London and, crucially, with other places around the empire. The article suggests that such activities offer perspectives on wider patterns of interaction with an area located at the crossroads of Britain’s maritime empire. In time, the region forged its own botanical networks and created alternative axes of exchange, association, and movement.
Genetic association study of NF-κB genes in UK Caucasian adult and juvenile onset idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (2011)

An association was noted between IKBL-62T and IIM, with increased risk noted in anti-Jo-1- and -PM-Scl antibody-positive patients. However, the IKBL-62T association is dependent on TNF-308A and HLA-B*08, due to strong shared linkage disequilibrium between these alleles. After adjustment of the 8.1 HLA haplotype, NF-κB genes therefore do not independently confer susceptibility in IIM.
The Human Genome Project (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Chromosome Maps DNA Sequencing Annotation of the Genome DNA Sequence Conclusion References
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active and Selective Catalysts for the Production of Methyl Propanoate via the Methoxycarbonylation of Ethene. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The energy balance equation: looking back and looking forward are two very different views (2009)

The energy balance equation has served as an important tool for the study of bioenergetics. It is based on one of the most fundamental properties of thermodynamics and has been invaluable in understanding the interactions of energy intake, energy expenditure, and body composition. Recently, however, the obesity epidemic has extended the use of the equation to the creation of public health messages for preventing or even reversing secular trends in body mass index. This usage often fails to consider how changes in any one term of the equation can lead to accommodations in one or both of the other two terms. It is concluded that research and public health messages should not simply consider how interventions affect just energy expenditure or energy intake, but rather how they affect the balance or gap between energy intake and expenditure.
Separation of solvent-refined coal into solvent-derived fractions (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeparation of solvent-refined coal into solvent-derived fractionsM. M. Boduszynski, R. J. Hurtubise, and H. F. SilverCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 3, 372–375Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00240a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00240a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laboratory Study of Boron Removal by Mg/Al Double-Layered Hydroxides (2007)

This paper is concerned with the preparation and use of Mg/Al double-layered hydroxides for boron removal from waste liquor. The structure of the DLHs synthesized is proposed to be Mg2AlNa1.4(OH)7.57Cl0.03(NO3)0.8·x(H2O) which does not contain any carbonate anions. For treating model waters with various starting boron concentrations (5−500 mg/L), the maximum boron percentage removal was >80% for DLH-60 and >90% for DLH-450. The boron removal capacity is 5.4−17.3 mg of B/g for DLH-450 and 1.2−13 mg of B/g for DLH-60, respectively. The raw water's pH does not affect the boron removal performance. After six cumulative regenerations, boron percentage removal with regenerated DLHs decreased to about 40%. Overall, DLH-450 has a greater boron removal capacity than DLH-60 for both freshly prepared and regenerated materials. For the treatment of industrial effluent ([B]0 = 17 mg/L), 86.6% boron removal was achieved at the dose of 36 g/L for DLH-60 and 93.5% at the dose of 16 g/L for DLH-450. Arsenic can be completely removed by both DLHs. The main mechanism of boron removal with DLH-60 is proposed to be anion exchange while that with DLH-450 is adsorption. For DLH-450, both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models fit well for the experimental results.
Construction and Functional Characterization of a Fully Human Anti-mesothelin Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-expressing T Cell (2020)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is considered as an encouraging approach for the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, its efficacy in solid tumors has not been satisfying, mainly in the immunosuppressive network of the tumor microenvironment and paucity of appropriate target antigens. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) expressed in numerous types of solid tumors such as gastrointestinal, ovarian, and pancreatic tumors. Owing to high expression in tumor cells and low expression in normal tissues, MSLN-targeted therapies like monoclonal antibodies have been previously developed. In the present study, a CAR T cell harboring the second-generation of a fully human anti-MSLN-CAR construct containing CD3ζ and 4-1BB signaling domains was produced and it was functionally evaluated against an MSLN-expressing cell line. The findings showed potent, specific proliferation, cytotoxic activity, and interleukin (IL)-2, Tumor necrosis factor-(TNF) α, and Interferon-(IFN) γ production in an antigen-dependent manner. Cytotoxic activity was shown in effector-to-target ratio from 1:1 to 20:1, but the most adequate efficacy was observed in the ratio of 10:1. Non-specific activity against MSLN negative cell line was not observed. Our data demonstrated that primary human T cells expressing fully human MSLN-CAR construct are effective against MSLN-expressing cell lines in vitro, suggesting this MSLN-CAR construct as a potential therapeutic tool in a clinical setting.
Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes (2001)

Abstract The sections in this article are: Insulin Secretion in T2DM Fasting Insulin Concentration Glucose‐Stimulated Insulin Secretion Other Abnormalities in Insulin Secretion in T2DM Mechanisms of Impaired Insulin Secretion Glucose Toxicity Lipotoxicity Other Mechanisms of Impaired Insulin Secretion in T2DM Impaired Insulin Secretion: Primary Genetic Defect Responsible for Type 2 Diabetes Prospective Studies Studies in First‐Degree Relatives Studies in Twins Subjects with History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Hypersecretion of Insulin as the Cause of Type 2 Diabetes: A New Hypothesis Summary: Insulin Secretion in T2DM Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Site of Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Fasting Hyperglycemia: Role of Pancreas, Muscle and Liver Postprandial Hyperglycemia: Lessons from the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Dynamic Interaction Between Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Cellular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Overview of Insulin Action Insulin Receptor/Insulin Receptor Signal Transduction Defects Glucose Transport Glucose Phosphorylation Glycogen Synthesis Glycolysis/Glucose Oxidation Metabolic, Hemodynamic, Endocrine, and Cytokine Abnormalities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Glucose Toxicity Lipid Oxidation and Insulin Resistance Skeletal Muscle Capillary Density, Fiber Type and Endothelial Transport Blood Flow Amylin and Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Alpha Acquired Determinants of Insulin Resistance Summary of Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Genetic Defects Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Summary and Synthesis Primary Defect in Insulin Sensitivity Primary Defect in Insulin Secretion? Combined Defects in Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion Conclusion
Factors predictive of cystoid macular oedema following endothelial keratoplasty: a single-centre review of 2233 cases (2021)

Older age (>67 years), diabetes mellitus and DMEK have been identified as independent risk factors for postoperative CMO following EK. Close observation is necessary during the first postoperative year after EK, particularly in patients with risk factors.
Extraction of Building Windows from Mobile Laser Scanning Point Clouds (2018)

This study recognizes the significance and considerable commercial applications in creating Level of Detail (LoD) building models for 3D city models generation. Accordingly, this paper proposes a novel method to identify and extract window frames on building facades from Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) point clouds. The proposed method can typically be regarded as a stepwise procedure. Firstly, a voxel-based upward-growing method is applied to distinguish non-ground points from ground points. Next, outliers are filtered out from non-ground points by statistical analysis. Then, all the remaining non-ground points are clustered based on the conditional Euclidean clustering algorithm to segment out building facades. A volumetric box is afterward created to store façade points so that neighbors of each point can be operated. Finally, a manipulator is applied according to the structural characteristics of window frames to extract the potential window points. Quantitative evaluations based on 2D validation and 3D validation were both conducted. In the 2D validation, the lowest F1-measure of the test datasets is 0.740, and the highest can be 0.977. While in the 3D validation, the lowest precision of the test dataset is 79.58%, and the highest can be 97.96%. The results demonstrate the proposed method can successfully extract the rectangular or curved windows in the test datasets with promising accuracies to support the generation of LoD3 building models.
Self‐Assembly of DNA Nanostructures in Different Cations (2023)

The programmable nature of DNA allows the construction of custom-designed static and dynamic nanostructures, and assembly conditions typically require high concentrations of magnesium ions that restricts their applications. In other solution conditions tested for DNA nanostructure assembly, only a limited set of divalent and monovalent ions are used so far (typically Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> ). Here, we investigate the assembly of DNA nanostructures in a wide variety of ions using nanostructures of different sizes: a double-crossover motif (76 bp), a three-point-star motif (~134 bp), a DNA tetrahedron (534 bp) and a DNA origami triangle (7221 bp). We show successful assembly of a majority of these structures in Ca<sup>2+</sup> , Ba<sup>2+</sup> , Na<sup>+</sup> , K<sup>+</sup> and Li<sup>+</sup> and provide quantified assembly yields using gel electrophoresis and visual confirmation of a DNA origami triangle using atomic force microscopy. We further show that structures assembled in monovalent ions (Na<sup>+</sup> , K<sup>+</sup> and Li<sup>+</sup> ) exhibit up to a 10-fold higher nuclease resistance compared to those assembled in divalent ions (Mg<sup>2+</sup> , Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Ba<sup>2+</sup> ). Our work presents new assembly conditions for a wide range of DNA nanostructures with enhanced biostability.