gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effect of a Novel Bisphosphonate, TRK‐530, on Dental Calculus Formation in Rats (2004)

TRK-530 inhibited the formation of dental calculus in a dose-dependent fashion via a local effect. Inhibition of the precipitation of calcium-phosphate from solution might be involved in the anticalculogenic mechanism of this drug.
Highly Reliable TCP Transfer Method with Error Correction Technology (2009)

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)[1] offers congestion and retransmission control according to the network loads between End-to-End terminals. TCP is widely used regardless of wired or wireless networks. However, in TCP, consecutive packet losses decrease the sending rate. Thus, it is difficult to keep stable throughput. In this paper, we propose a method that packets are sent by FEC (Forward Error Correction)[2] while sender terminal judges to be in congestion. The proposed method can achieve better performance compared to conventional TCP Reno that is widely used in actual network.
High Δn strip-loaded electro-optic polymer waveguide modulator with low insertion loss (2009)

We demonstrate a novel electro-optic polymer modulator design which shows a record low optical insertion loss of 5.7 dB at 1550 nm. The modulator consists of a high numerical aperture passive waveguide which is converted to a strip-loaded electro-optic polymer waveguide through refractive index tapers. The device is fabricated using all wet-etch techniques which results in low excess loss from roughness created during fabrication and, employs new low loss passive sol-gel materials. The fabricated device also shows a low half-wave voltage of 2.8 V.
On-the-fly race detection in multi-threaded programs (2008)

Multi-core chips enable parallel processing for general purpose applications. Unfortunately, parallel programs may contain synchronization defects. Such defects are difficult to detect due to nondeterministic interleavings of parallel threads. Current tools for detecting these defects produce numerous false alarms, thereby concealing the true defects. This paper describes an extended race detection technique based on a combination of lockset analysis and the happens-before relation. The approach provides more accurate warnings and significantly reduces the number of false positives, while limiting the number of false negatives. The technique is implemented in Helgrind+, an extension of the open source dynamic race detector Helgrind. Experimental results with several applications and benchmarks demonstrate a significant reduction in false alarms at a moderate runtime increase.
Catalytic Disproportionation of Formic Acid to Methanol by using Recyclable Silylformates (2020)

A novel strategy to prepare methanol from formic acid without an external reductant is presented. The overall process described herein consists of the disproportionation of silyl formates to methoxysilanes, catalyzed by ruthenium complexes, and the production of methanol by simple hydrolysis. Aqueous solutions of MeOH (>1 mL, >70 % yield) were prepared in this manner. The sustainability of the reaction has been established by recycling of the silicon-containing by-products with inexpensive, readily available, and environmentally benign reagents.
Enhanced Mitochondrial Superoxide Scavenging Does Not Improve Muscle Insulin Action in the High Fat-Fed Mouse (2015)

Improving mitochondrial oxidant scavenging may be a viable strategy for the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes. Mice overexpressing the mitochondrial matrix isoform of superoxide dismutase (sod2(tg) mice) and/or transgenically expressing catalase within the mitochondrial matrix (mcat(tg) mice) have increased scavenging of O2(˙-) and H2O2, respectively. Furthermore, muscle insulin action is partially preserved in high fat (HF)-fed mcat(tg) mice. The goal of the current study was to test the hypothesis that increased O2(˙-) scavenging alone or in combination with increased H2O2 scavenging (mtAO mice) enhances in vivo muscle insulin action in the HF-fed mouse. Insulin action was examined in conscious, unrestrained and unstressed wild type (WT), sod2(tg), mcat(tg) and mtAO mice using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (insulin clamps) combined with radioactive glucose tracers following sixteen weeks of normal chow or HF (60% calories from fat) feeding. Glucose infusion rates, whole body glucose disappearance, and muscle glucose uptake during the insulin clamp were similar in chow- and HF-fed WT and sod2(tg) mice. Consistent with our previous work, HF-fed mcat(tg) mice had improved muscle insulin action, however, an additive effect was not seen in mtAO mice. Insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in muscle from clamped mice was consistent with glucose flux measurements. These results demonstrate that increased O2(˙-) scavenging does not improve muscle insulin action in the HF-fed mouse alone or when coupled to increased H2O2 scavenging.
Identification of cancer genes that are independent of dominant proliferation and lineage programs (2017)

Large, multidimensional cancer datasets provide a resource that can be mined to identify candidate therapeutic targets for specific subgroups of tumors. Here, we analyzed human breast cancer data to identify transcriptional programs associated with tumors bearing specific genetic driver alterations. Using an unbiased approach, we identified thousands of genes whose expression was enriched in tumors with specific genetic alterations. However, expression of the vast majority of these genes was not enriched if associations were analyzed within individual breast tumor molecular subtypes, across multiple tumor types, or after gene expression was normalized to account for differences in proliferation or tumor lineage. Together with linear modeling results, these findings suggest that most transcriptional programs associated with specific genetic alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressors are highly context-dependent and are predominantly linked to differences in proliferation programs between distinct breast cancer subtypes. We demonstrate that such proliferation-dependent gene expression dominates tumor transcriptional programs relative to matched normal tissues. However, we also identified a relatively small group of cancer-associated genes that are both proliferation- and lineage-independent. A subset of these genes are attractive candidate targets for combination therapy because they are essential in breast cancer cell lines, druggable, enriched in stem-like breast cancer cells, and resistant to chemotherapy-induced down-regulation.
Thermal Measurement of In-Situ and Thin-Specimen Aging of Experimental Polyisocyanurate Roof Insulation Foamed with Alternative Blowing Agents (1991)

This paper reports apparent thermal conductivity (k) values from field and laboratory aging tests on a set of industry-produced, experimental polyisocyanurate (PIR) laminated boardstock foamed with hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) as alternatives to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The PIR boards were blown with five gases: CFC-11, HCFC-123, HCFC-141b, and 50/50 and 65/35 blends of HCFC-123/ HCFC-141b. The k-values were determined at mean temperatures from 0 to 50°C (30 to 120°F) using techniques that meet ASTM C 1114 (Thin Heater Apparatus) and ASTM C 518 (Heat Flow Meter Apparatus) test methods. Results on laminate boards with facers provide an independent laboratory check on the increase in k observed for field exposure in the ORNL Roof Thermal Research Apparatus (RTRA). The observed laboratory increase in k was between 8% and 11% for all three blowing agent foams for a 240 day field exposure in the RTRA. A thin-specimen aging procedure established the long-term thermal resistance of gas-filled foams. Thin specimens were planed from the industry-produced boardstock foams and aged at 24 and 65°C for up to 300 days. An exponential dependency of k with the quantity (diffusion coefficient X time)½/thickness, provided effective diffusion coefficients for air components into the foams and blowing agent out of the foams. The foams blown with alternative blowing agents exhibited k-values 8 to 16% (average 12.7%) above CFC-11 foams under similar conditions. Field exposures were conducted on specimens under single ply EPDM membranes in the RTRA for over 400 days. Hourly averages of panel temperature and heat flux were analyzed to obtain k as a function of mean temperature on a week by week basis. The k-values derived from the field data provided effective diffusion coefficients for air components in the foam, which were greater than those obtained from the thin-specimen aging procedure at 24°C by 20 to 70%, but were less than the 65°C aging values by 20 to 80%. The relative performance of test specimens of HCFC-141b under a black and under a white membrane is reported. The field data suggests that the percent increase in k over that of the foam blown with CFC-11 is, after one year of aging, 4.3% for HCFC-123 and 10.2% for HCFC-141b. This leads to the same ordering of foams as derived from the thin-specimen analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF NUCLEOPHILES WITH (DICARBONYL(H(5)‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)‐(H(2)‐ACENAPHTHYLENE)(IRON))(+)(TETRAFLUOROBORATE)(‐) (1975)

Abstract Der Acenaphthylen‐eisendicarbonylcyclopentadienyl‐Komplex (I) reagiert mit Methanol zu Acenaphthylen (II) und dem Komplex (III).
An investigation of network support for grid middleware and applications (2004)

Owing to the rapidly growing interests and excitement in distributed computing and grid-enabled applications, the facilitating middleware layer has become a center of attention in recent years. At the same time, rapid advances in networking technologies such as the resilient packet ring (RPR) have evolved to carry all kinds of information including data, voice, multimedia and now, grid applications. However, little studies have been made to discover the interactions between grid middleware and the network layer. This paper therefore investigates the degree of which grid middleware design takes advantage of the underlying networking resources and features.
Non-intrusive technique for pathological voice classification using jitter and shimmer (2017)

Speech signal contains two characteristics, system and source. When there is disturbance in vocal cord function, there is notable change in source characteristic. Despite the technological advances in the medical field, the voice pathologists use endoscopic methods to view the vocal cord flap movements for patients with infections and disturbances in vocal cords which are painful. This work is an alternative for classifying pathological voice from normal voice by evaluating the jitter and shimmer variations in the speech signal of an affected person. When there is any distortion in voice, it is reflected in the source characteristics. Pitch being the fundamental source characteristic, analyzing pitch helps us classify pathological voice from normal voice. Jitter and shimmer are derived characteristics of pitch. The glottal closure instants are better representatives of source compared to pitch. In this work, we have explored using the glottal closure instants to calculate the jitter, shimmer and other speech parameters instead of the pitch period. Analyzing these jitter and shimmer parameters for various pathological voices and normal voices help us to classify them. Experiments were carried out using a database containing normal and pathological voices. An accuracy of 85% was achieved for normal-pathological voice classification.
Effect of Grain Size and Boron on Resistance to Secondary Working Embrittlement of High-purity Ferritic Stainless Cold-rolled Steel Sheet (1998)

The effbct of gmin size and boron on the resistance to the secondary working embrittlement of high-purity ferritic stainless cold-rolled steel sheet is investigated and analyzed. The mechanism for improving the resistance to the secondary working embrittlement by adding boron to high-purity ferritic stainless steel sheet is studied from the standpoint of the behavior of the segregated boron. The results obtained are as follows.(1) The secondary working embrittlement in Ti stabilized low C, N ferritic stainless steel sheet occures by the interganular fracture.(2) Refining the grain size improves the resistance to the embrittlement, but it remarkably deteriorates the deep drawing property.(3) Adding boron improves the resistance to the embrittlemnt, with ensuring the deep drawing property.(4) The morphology of fracture in the secondary working embrittlement changes from the intergranular fracture to the cleavage fracture by adding boron.(5) It is considered that the improvement of the resistance to the working embrittlement is due to strengthening the grain boundary by the segregated boron to the grain boundary instead of carbon. This agrees with the results obtained in the interstitial-atom free steel sheets.
Expression of Serotonin Receptors in Human Hepatocellular Cancer (2012)

We identified two serotonin receptors that are often overexpressed in human hepatocellular cancer and may serve as a new cytotoxic target.
Whole body periodic acceleration (pGz) improves endotoxin induced cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction and attenuates the inflammatory response in mice (2021)

Sepsis-induces myocardial contractile dysfunction. We previously showed that whole body periodic acceleration (pGz), the sinusoidal motion of the supine body head-foot ward direction significantly improves survival and decreases microvascular permeability in a lethal model of sepsis. We tested the hypothesis that pGz improves LPS induced cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction and decreases LPS pro-inflammatory cytokine response when applied pre- or post-treatment. Isolated cardiomyocytes were obtained from mice that received LPS who had been pre-treated with pGz for three days (pGz-LPS) or control. Peak shortening (PS), maximal velocity of shortening (+dL/dt), and relengthening (-dL/dt) as well as diastolic intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca<sup>+2</sup>]<sub>d</sub>), sodium ([Na<sup>+</sup>]<sub>d</sub>), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cardiac troponin (cTnT) production were measured. LPS decreased PS, +dL/dt, and -dL/dt, by 37%, 41% and 35% change respectively (p < 0.01), increased [Ca<sup>+2</sup>]<sub>d</sub>, [Na<sup>+</sup>]<sub>d</sub>, ROS, and cTnT by 343%, 122%, 298%, and 610% change respectively (p < 0.01) compared to control. pGz pre-treatment attenuated the parameters mentioned above. In a separate cohort, the effects of a lethal dose of LPS on protein expression of nitric oxide synthases (iNOS, eNOS, nNOS), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in hearts of mice was studied in pre-treated with pGz for three days prior to LPS (pGz-LPS) and post-treated with pGz 30 min after LPS (LPS-pGz) were determined. LPS increased expression of early and late iNOS and decreased expression of eNOS, phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS), and nNOS. Both pre- and post-treatment with pGz markedly reduced early and late pro-inflammatory surge. Therefore, pre- and post-treatment with pGz improves LPS-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction, decreases iNOS expression, and increases cytoprotective eNOS and nNOS, with decreased pro-inflammatory response. Such results have potential for translation to benefit outcomes in human sepsis.
A Comparison of Modified Elevated Temperature HFRR Test Data With Scuffing BOCLE Results (1996)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Evolving diesel engine design trends are expected to include fuel systems operating at significantly higher pressures and temperatures than in the past. Accordingly, meaningful laboratory tests are needed to help guide this development. Two candidate test methods were evaluated in this exploratory study. Scuffing Load Ball-on Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE) and Modified High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) test results covering a range of operating temperatures were compared with fuel property data. Correlations of the Modified HFRR test data with BOCLE results were also made.&lt;/div&gt;
Avaliação hidráulica de um simulador de chuvas pendular (2001)

Com este trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o diâmetro médio de gotas, a intensidade de precipitação e a uniformidade de distribuição de um simulador de chuvas, para diferentes combinações de diâmetro de bico e pressão de serviço. Após ter sido realizado o teste de diâmetro médio de gotas, foi utilizado um programa computacional, para se avaliar a relação entre a energia cinética da chuva simulada pelo equipamento e a energia da chuva natural; além disso, realizaram-se, também, testes de intensidade de precipitação e uniformidade de distribuição. Os resultados mostraram que a relação da energia cinética da chuva produzida pelo simulador e a energia cinética da chuva natural, apresentou valores acima de 75% quando foi utilizado o bico VeeJet 80.150, para todas as pressões e intensidade de precipitação estudadas e que maiores coeficientes de uniformidade foram encontrados quando os bicos foram submetidos a maiores pressões de serviço.
Application of back-propagation neural network modeling for free residual chlorine, total trihalomethanes and trihalomethanes speciation (2004)

The application of back-propagation neural networks (BPNNs) was assessed for modeling residual chlorine decay, total THM concentrations (TTHMs), and three individual THM species (CHCl 3 , CHBrCl 2 , and CHBr 2 Cl) in water that was chlorinated under laboratory-scale conditions. Data for modeling chlorine decay and TTHM were generated in chlorination experiments carried out with water collected in water utilities of the Quebec City region, whereas data for THM species were provided by the US Geological Survey for the Mississippi River and its tributaries. The BPNN models were compared with conventional models developed with exactly the same data. Results showed that the ability of BPNN to model residual chlorine decay is, in general terms, comparable to the ability of kinetic first- and second-order models. For TTHMs and THM speciation, however, the ability of BPNN was clearly higher in comparison with multivariate regression models, in particular when brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs) (CHBrCl 2 and CHBr 2 Cl) were modeled. The successful application of BPNN presented in this study opens the door to other potential applications of BPNN for field-scale data concerning THMs as well as for other relevant disinfection by-products. Key words: back-propagation neural networks, drinking water, chlorination, residual chlorine decay, trihalomethanes, prediction.
The effectiveness of Benactyzine Hydrochloride and other Antimotion sickness drugs in new combinations (1971)

Abstract : Five different drug preparations are compared for their effectiveness in preventing motion sickness with the effectiveness found for the combination of scopolamine 0.6 mg with d-amphetamine 10 mg in previous studies. Promethazine 25 mg plus d-amphetamine 10 mg was essentially equal to the baseline drug in range of effectiveness. Halving the doses of the baseline combination did not provide the protection that it did in an earlier study. Benactyzine 3 mg was only slightly effective and when combined with d-amphetamine 10 mg was only moderately so. Promethazine 25 mg plus ephedrine 25 mg was about one-fourth less effective than the baseline preparation. The unexpected finding of the efficacy of small doses (25 mg) of promethazine plus ephedrine is pointed out, and the benefits from the relatively great reduction in side effects found with this drug combination are stressed. (Author)
Synthesis of Classical and Nonclassical, Partially Restricted, Linear, Tricyclic 5-Deaza Antifolates (2002)

Seven novel 2,4-diamino-5-deaza-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-g]pteridine derivatives 3-9 with different benzyl and a benzoyl substitution at the N7 position were designed and synthesized, as classical and nonclassical, partially restricted, linear tricyclic 5-deaza antifolates. The purpose was to investigate the effect of conformational restriction of the C6-C9 (tau(1)) and C9-N10 (tau(2)) bonds via an ethyl bridge from the N10 to the C7 position of 5-deaza methotrexate (MTX) on the inhibitory potency against dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from different sources and on antitumor activity. The synthetic methodology for most of the target compounds was a concise five-step total synthesis to construct the tricyclic nucleus, 2,4-diamino-5-deaza-7H-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-g]pteridine (23), followed by regioselective alkylation of the N7 nitrogen. Biological results indicated that this partial conformational modification for the classical analogue N-[4-[(2,4-diamino-5-deaza-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-g]pteridin-7-yl)methyl]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid 3 was detrimental to DHFR inhibitory activity as well as to antitumor activity compared to MTX or 5-deaza MTX. However, the classical analogue 3 was a better substrate for folypolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) than MTX. These results show that a classical 5-deaza folate partially restricted via a bridge between the N10 and C7 positions retains FPGS substrate activity and that the antitumor activity of classical tricyclic analogues such as 3 would be influenced by FPGS levels in tumor systems. Interestingly, the nonclassical analogues 4-9 showed moderate to good selectivity against DHFR from pathogenic microbes compared to recombinant human DHFR. These results support the idea that removal of the 5-methyl group of piritrexim along with restriction of tau(1) and tau(2) can translate into selectivity for DHFR from pathogens.
Molecular-shape selectivity by molecular gel-forming compounds: bioactive and shape-constrained isomers through the integration and orientation of weak interaction sites (2011)

A molecular gel system was assembled on carrier particles and the integrated effect of weak interaction sites enabled highly efficient separation of the bioactive and shape-constrained isomers of tocopherols, β-carotene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by multiple interaction mechanisms.
Combined application of citric acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid improved biomass, photosynthesis and gas exchange attributes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown on chromium contaminated soil (2019)

Phytoremediation is an important technique to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The present study was conducted to assess the synergistic role of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and citric acid (CA) in improving the phyto-extraction of chromium (Cr) by sunflower. Sunflower plants were grown in soil, spiked with different concentrations of Cr (0, 5, 10, 20 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>). Various concentrations of 5-ALA (0, 10, 20 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) and CA (0, 2.5, 5 mM) were applied exogenously at juvenile stage. A significant decrease was observed in biomass and agronomic traits of sunflower under Cr stress alone. Further, Cr toxicity significantly decreased the plant growth, soluble proteins and photosynthetic pigments. However, exogenously applied ALA and CA significantly improved the plants' physiological as well as agronomic attributes by lowering the production of reactive oxygen species and reducing electrolyte leakage. Moreover, Cr uptake was increased with increasing concentration of Cr in spiked soil, which was further enhanced by combined application of ALA and CA.