gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method for the evaluation of microbial growth in a trickling bed reactor (1996)

Abstract A method to evaluate microbial activity and growth in an eight‐stage, trickling bed reactor, packed with peat particles, was developed. Steady‐state measurements were made of the substrate degradation rate, based on the change in chemical oxygen demand ( COD ), and the biological rate of oxygen consumption based on the difference between inlet and outlet oxygen concentrations in the gas phase. From these values, a global yield coefficient ( Yx/s ) was evaluated in terms of g of total biomass produced per g of COD consumed. Using this method, Yx/s was 0.23 ± 0.03 from days 10 to 23. This correlated well with a Yx/s of 0.29 g of biomass produced per g of substrate consumed as determined in the first stage of an eight‐stage reactor. This method could be applied to suspension culture and fixed bed bioreactors where obtaining a homogeneous, biomass sample is difficult.
Pretreatment of Epithelial Cells with Live Streptococcus pneumoniae Has No Detectable Effect on Influenza A Virus Replication In Vitro (2014)

Influenza A virus (IAV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) are two major upper respiratory tract pathogens responsible for exacerbated disease in coinfected individuals. Despite several studies showing increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections following IAV infection, information on the direct effect of S. pneumoniae on IAV in vitro is unknown. This is an important area of investigation as S. pneumoniae is a common commensal of the human upper respiratory tract, present as an important coinfecting pathogen with IAV infection. A recent study showed that S. pneumoniae enhances human metapneumovirus infection in polarized bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. The aim of the current study was to determine whether treatment of epithelial cells with S. pneumoniae affects IAV replication using a standard immunofluorescence assay (IFA). For this study we used four IAV permissive epithelial cell lines including two human-derived cell lines, 12 pneumococcal strains including recent human clinical isolates which represent different genetic backgrounds and serotypes, and six IAV strains of varying genetic nature and pathogenic potential including the pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus. Our results suggested that pretreatment of MDCK cells with 7.5×10(6) colony-forming units (CFUs) of live S. pneumoniae resulted in gradual cell-death in a time-dependent manner (0.5 to 4 hr). But, pretreatment of cell lines with 7.5×10(5) and lower CFUs of S. pneumoniae had no detectable effect on either the morphology of cells or on the IAV replication. However, unlike in epithelial cell lines, due to influence of secreted host factors the effect of pneumococci on IAV replication may be different during coinfections in vivo in the human upper respiratory tract, and in vitro with primary human polarized bronchial epithelial cells.
Dynamic Tests of Prolactin Secretion in Hyperprolactinemic States: Carbidopa-L-Dopa and Indirectly Acting Dopamine Agonists* (1982)

In normal subjects, similar degrees of PRL suppression have been reported after L-dopa alone and after a lower dose of L-dopa given in combination with carbidopa (CD), a peripheral inhibitor of L-dopa decarboxylase. In patients bearing PRL-secreting pituitary adenomas, CD-L-dopa induces a minimal suppression of plasma PRL, which is significantly less than after L-dopa alone. Similarly, indirectly acting dopamine (DA) agonists (IADAs), i.e. drugs which release DA and /or block DA reuptake without directly stimulating DA receptors, while capable of suppressing plasma PRL in normal subjects and subjects with puerperal hyperprolactinemia, fail to do so in patients with PRL-secreting adenomas. In the present study, to determine whether in puerperal subjects central nervous system (CNS) dopaminergic function is actually preserved and to elucidate the mechanism (s) underlying the defective CNS dopaminergic function of patients with prolactinomas, we have investigated: 1) whether, like IADA, CDL- dopa suppresses PRL levels in postpartum women; and 2) the PRL-inhibiting properties of two IAD As, viz. nomifensine (Nom) and methylphenidate (Methphen), L-dopa alone, and L-dopa with CD-L-dopa in patients bearing PRL-secreting pituitary adenomas. In 7 puerperal women, oral administration of 500 mg L-dopa alone or 125 mg after a 24-h pretreatment with CD (50 mg every 6 h) produced similar degrees of PRL suppression. In 12 women, 8 with presumptive evidence of a PRL-secreting pituitary adenoma and 4 with surgery-confirmed tumor, L-dopa alone led to PRL suppression comparable to that in puerperal subjects, but pretreatment with CD significantly blunted the PRL-inhibiting effect of L-dopa. Acute administration of Nom (200 mg, orally) or Methphen (20 mg, orally) evoked no significant suppression of plasma PRL. However, scrutiny of plasma PRL responses in individual cases showed that 5 of the 12 patients suppressed plasma PRL levels after CD-L-dopa in a manner similar to that seen after L-dopa alone. Also, in these subjects, PRL was not suppressed after Nom and Methphen treatment. These data indicate that: 1) CNS dopaminergic function, as assessed by CD-L-dopa, is preserved in postpartum women, 2) there are patients bearing PRL-secreting pituitary adenomas who are unresponsive to the PRL-inhibiting properties of IADA, but suppress baseline PRL levels after CD-L-dopa in the same way as normal and postpartum subjects; and 3) IAD As and CDL- dopa do not probe the same aspects of CNS dopaminergic function.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Chemistry and Contemporary Pharmacology (2000)

Both solid- and liquid-phase combinatorial chemistry have emerged as powerful tools for identifying pharmacologically active compounds and optimizing the biological activity of a lead compound. Complementary high-throughput in vitro assays are essential for compound evaluation. Cell-based assays that use optical endpoints permit investigation of a wide variety of functional properties of these compounds including specific intracellular biochemical pathways, protein-protein interactions, and the subcellular localization of targets. Integration of combinatorial chemistry with contemporary pharmacology now represents an important factor in drug discovery and development.
Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism (1982)

Cerebral metabolic responses to verbal and nonverbal auditory stimuli were examined, using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron CT. Twenty right-handed subjects were studied in both control and stimulated states. Monaural verbal stimuli produced diffuse metabolic changes in the left hemisphere and bilateral activation of the transverse and posterior temporal lobes. Monaural nonverbal stimulation with chords demonstrated bilateral parietotemporal activations and diffuse right greater than left frontotemporal asymmetries. Tone sequence pairs presented monaurally produced asymmetries that differed by the subject's analysis strategy. Nonanalytical, musically naive subjects had right greater than left frontotemporal asymmetries, whereas analytic or musically sophisticated subjects had an absence of right greater than left relative hypermetabolism and demonstrated left greater than right temporal asymmetries. Binaural presentation of a factual story and music produced diffuse bilateral activations of the temporal and frontal cortex. Known anatomic asymmetries of the perisylvian cortex were revealed by high-resolution tomography. These results demonstrate that metabolic responses to auditory stimuli are determined by the content of the stimulus and the analysis strategy of the subject rather than the side of stimulation. The results also demonstrate the capacity of functional imaging techniques to study the physiologic cerebral mechanisms underlying auditory processing.
Inversion of Stereochemistry in the Co2(CO)8-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Aziridines to β-Lactams. The First Synthesis of Highly Strained trans-Bicyclic β-Lactams (1996)

β-Lactams were synthesized by the carbonylative ring expansion of aziridines catalyzed by dicobalt octacarbonyl under CO pressure. The active catalyst, cobalt tetracarbonyl anion, induces nucleophilic ring opening of the heterocycle, resulting in inversion of configuration. The regio- and stereospecificity of this reaction resulted in the synthesis of the first highly strained trans-7-azabicyclo[4-2-0]octan-8-one derivatives.
Cell cycle-dependent variations in the distribution of the nuclear protein cyclin proliferating cell nuclear antigen in cultured cells: subdivision of S phase. (1985)

Immunofluorescence analysis of synchronously growing transformed human amnion cells (AMA) using autoantibodies specific for cyclin has revealed dramatic changes in the nuclear distribution of this protein during the S phase of the cell cycle. Cells in G1, G2, and mitosis exhibit weak staining with the antibody, while S-phase cells show variable patterns of staining in terms of both intensity and distribution of the antigen. Early in S phase, cyclin is localized throughout the nucleoplasm with the exception of the nucleoli. A similar, but stronger, staining pattern is observed as the cells progress through the S phase. At a later stage, before maximum DNA synthesis, cyclin redistributes to reveal a punctuated pattern with foci of staining throughout the nucleus. This pattern precedes a major change in the distribution of this protein, which is then detected in the nucleolus. At this stage, DNA synthesis is at or near a maximum. Thereafter, there are further changes in the distribution of this protein, with the pattern becoming punctuated and of decreasing intensity. All these staining patterns have also been detected in asynchronously growing normal human amnion cells (AF type), suggesting that the distribution of this protein is not a consequence of transformation. Analysis of cultured cells from several vertebrate species also revealed similar staining patterns. These results are consistent with the idea that cyclin is a central component of the pathway(s) leading to DNA replication and cell division.
Exploiting thermal reflection for interactive systems (2014)

Thermal cameras have recently drawn the attention of HCI researchers as a new sensory system enabling novel interactive systems. They are robust to illumination changes and make it easy to separate human bodies from the image background. Far-infrared radiation, however, has another characteristic that distinguishes thermal cameras from their RGB or depth counterparts, namely thermal reflection. Common surfaces reflect thermal radiation differently than visual light and can be perfect thermal mirrors. In this paper, we show that through thermal reflection, thermal cameras can sense the space beyond their direct field-of-view. A thermal camera can sense areas besides and even behind its field-of-view through thermal reflection. We investigate how thermal reflection can increase the interaction space of projected surfaces using camera-projection systems. We moreover discuss the reflection characteristics of common surfaces in our vicinity in both the visual and thermal radiation bands. Using a proof-of-concept prototype, we demonstrate the increased interaction space for hand-held camera-projection system. Furthermore, we depict a number of promising application examples that can benefit from the thermal reflection characteristics of surfaces.
SEU mitigation for sram-based fpgas through dynamic partial reconfiguration (2007)

This paper presents a methodology for designing reliable systems implemented on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), able to cope with the effects of Single Event Upset (SEU) faults, causing bit-flips in SRAM memory. The approach exploits FPGAs' partial dynamic re-configuration capability to mitigate the effects of SEUs, affecting either the user SRAM memory or the configuration memory itself. The goal is to detect the occurrence of faults and either to restart computation or to trigger a reconfiguration of part of the device in order to recover from them. The proposal allows the exploration of different solutions, characterized byvarying costs and benefits, allowing the designer to select the most convenient trade-off. Results of the application of the methodology to a case study are reported to evaluate the proposed approach.
Exome sequencing identifies NFS1 deficiency in a novel Fe‐S cluster disease, infantile mitochondrial complex II/III deficiency (2013)

Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are a class of highly conserved and ubiquitous prosthetic groups with unique chemical properties that allow the proteins that contain them, Fe-S proteins, to assist in various key biochemical pathways. Mutations in Fe-S proteins often disrupt Fe-S cluster assembly leading to a spectrum of severe disorders such as Friedreich's ataxia or iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme (ISCU) myopathy. Herein, we describe infantile mitochondrial complex II/III deficiency, a novel autosomal recessive mitochondrial disease characterized by lactic acidemia, hypotonia, respiratory chain complex II and III deficiency, multisystem organ failure and abnormal mitochondria. Through autozygosity mapping, exome sequencing, in silico analyses, population studies and functional tests, we identified c.215G>A, p.Arg72Gln in NFS1 as the likely causative mutation. We describe the first disease in man likely caused by deficiency in NFS1, a cysteine desulfurase that is implicated in respiratory chain function and iron maintenance by initiating Fe-S cluster biosynthesis. Our results further demonstrate the importance of sufficient NFS1 expression in human physiology.
High concentration of nitrogen doped into graphene using N2plasma with an aluminum oxide buffer layer (2013)

We performed plasma doping of nitrogen into single-layer graphene on SiO2. Using aluminum oxide as a buffer layer to reduce the plasma damage, up to 19.7% nitrogen was substitutionally doped into graphene. The nitrogen doping of graphene was confirmed by Raman and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy analyses. The n-doping property of the N-doped graphene was measured by Raman spectroscopy. Raman mapping was carried out to statistically confirm the Dirac cone shift of graphene resulting from the N-doping. The Dirac cone shift was directly measured by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). The UPS result was consistent with the value calculated from the Raman G peak shift.
Synthesis of 2-Methyl-4-amino-6-substituted Aminopyrimidines1 (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2-Methyl-4-amino-6-substituted Aminopyrimidines1Allison Maggiolo, Arthur P. Phillips, and George H. HitchingsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 1, 106–107Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01145a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Can Mutational Analysis Be Used To Assist Structure Determination of Peptides? (2018)

Mutational analysis is widely used to study the relationship between sequence and structure of proteins and peptides. It is often assumed that substituting a proline with another amino acid "locks" the peptide bond in the trans conformation, allowing only a subset of the initial molecular geometries to be observed. To test this assumption, we assess the result of substituting two prolines in the bradykinin sequence with alanine using field-asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry combined with cryogenic ion spectroscopy in the gas phase. While the structure of the mutant coincides with a part of the conformational space of the original peptide, the higher flexibility of the alanine backbone compared to proline allows it to access additional structures. We conclude that proline-to-nonproline substitutions are helpful to assign structures, but they should be used in conjunction with spectroscopic techniques that allow detailed comparison of the structures of the mutant and the native peptide.
Development of high-power compact copper vapor lasers (2000)

Copper vapor lasers (CVL) are high power, pulsed, visible lasers capable of diffraction limited beam quality and kilohertz pulse repetition frequencies. Kinetic enhancement of elemental CVLs has been reported to significantly increase the output power and pulse repetition frequency range of a given laser architecture. This paper reports the performance of medium scale CVLs when kinetically enhanced using small partial pressures of hydrogen halides to the Ne:H<SUB>2</SUB> buffer gas. Kinetic enhancement increased the output power by factors of up to 2.5. Using a 1 X 0.025 m discharge tube, an output power of 60 W was achieved at 15 - 20 kHz and over 50 W at frequencies in excess of 30 kHz. Using a high magnification unstable cavity, over 35 W was achieved at close to the diffraction limit. Sealed-off operation of the laser with excellent power stability was also demonstrated. The combination of high power, visible, diffraction-limited beam with short pulse widths, high pulse repetition frequency from a compact industrial package is of great interest for a number of micromachining and advanced manufacturing applications. In addition it is an excellent source for generating high power, narrow linewidth UV (255 nm) by frequency doubling.
Management of Suspected Deep Venous Thrombosis in an Emergency Medicine Ward in Hong Kong (2011)

Introduction Clinical signs and symptoms can vary for patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT). DVT is an important diagnosis to recognise as it can lead to proximal embolism into the pulmonary circulation resulting in sudden collapse and death. The objective of this study is to describe the management of patients with suspected DVT in the emergency medicine ward (EMW) setting in Hong Kong using a standardised clinical pathway. Methods A retrospective review was conducted for patients with suspected DVT admitted to the EMW from April to December 2008 using a standardised protocol. The use of a clinical prediction rule and diagnostic tests (including the modified Well's score, D-dimer and ultrasound examination) and outcomes (including the length of stay and secondary admission rate) were investigated. Results A total of 100 patients with suspected DVT were admitted to the EMW in the nine-month study period. DVT was confirmed in 30% using ultrasonography. Fifty-two percent of patients were in the high-risk category according to the modified Well's score. Seventy-six percent of patients had positive D-dimer results. Ten percent of patients were safely discharged without an ultrasound examination. Mean length of stay in the EMW was 1.99 days. Thirteen percent of patients required second admission to other specialties. Conclusions This study suggests that a standardised clinical pathway based in the EMW can be used for patients with suspected DVT to reduce hospital admission.
Human herpesvirus 8 molecular mimicry of ephrin ligands facilitates cell entry and triggers EphA2 signaling (2021)

ABSTRACT Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is an oncogenic virus that enters cells by fusion of the viral and endosomal cellular membranes in a process mediated by viral surface glycoproteins. One of the cellular receptors hijacked by HHV-8 to gain access to cells is the EphA2 tyrosine kinase receptor, and the mechanistic basis of EphA2-mediated viral entry remains unclear. Using X-ray structure analysis, targeted mutagenesis and binding studies, we here show that the HHV-8 envelope glycoprotein complex gH/gL binds with sub-nanomolar affinity to EphA2 via molecular mimicry of the receptor’s cellular ligands, ephrins, revealing a pivotal role for the conserved gH residue E52 and the amino-terminal peptide of gL. Using FSI-FRET and cell contraction assays, we further demonstrate that the gH/gL complex also functionally mimics ephrin ligand by inducing EphA2 receptor association via its dimerization interface, thus triggering receptor signaling for cytoskeleton remodeling. These results now provide novel insight into the entry mechanism of HHV-8, opening avenues for the search of therapeutic agents that could interfere with HHV-8 related diseases.
The role of CYP2D in rat brain in methamphetamine-induced striatal dopamine and serotonin release and behavioral sensitization (2021)

CYP2D-mediated methamphetamine metabolism in the brain is sufficient to alter behavioral sensitization, brain drug concentrations, and striatal dopamine and serotonin release. Moreover, day 1 methamphetamine-induced neurotransmitter release may be an important predictor of subsequent behavioral sensitization. This suggests the novel contribution of CYP2D in the brain to methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization and suggests that the wide variation in human brain CYP2D6 may contribute to differential methamphetamine responses and chronic effects.
Oligomerization of the Human Thyrotropin Receptor (2001)

To examine thyrotropin (TSH) receptor homophilic interactions we fused the human TSH receptor (hTSHR) carboxyl terminus to green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the corresponding chimeric cDNA was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Fluorescent TSH receptors on the plasma membrane were functional as assessed by TSH-induced cAMP synthesis. The binding of TSH, as well as TSHR autoantibodies, induced time- and dose-dependent receptor capping. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between receptors differentially tagged with GFP variants (RFP and YFP) provided evidence for the close proximity of individual receptor molecules. This was consistent with previous studies demonstrating the presence of TSHR dimers and oligomers in thyroid tissue. Co-immunoprecipitation of GFP-tagged and Myc-tagged receptor complexes was performed using doubly transfected cells with Myc antibody. Western blotting of the immunoprecipitated complex revealed the absence of noncleaved TSH holoreceptors. This further suggested that cleavage of the holoreceptor into its two-subunit structure, comprising disulfide-linked TSHR-alpha and TSHR-beta subunits, was required for the formation of TSHR dimers and higher order complexes.