gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ein neues Kontrastmittel für die MRT auf der Basis Citrat-stabilisierter\nmagnetischer Eisenoxid-Nanopartikel (2018)

Titelblatt, Inhalt, Danksagung und Erklärung \n1 Einleitung und Zielsetzung 1 \n2 Superparamagnetische Eisenoxid-Partikel als Kontrastmittel für MR-\nTomographie und Therapie 5 \n2.1 Einleitung 5 \n2.2 Partikelarten und eigenschaften 6 \n2.3 SPIO als Kontrastmittel für Organe des Mononukleären Phagozytierenden\nSystems 10 \n2.4 Gefäßdiagnostik mit SPIO: MR-Angiographie, Plaquecharakterisierung,\nThrombosediagnostik, Perfusionsstudien 14 \n2.5 Rezeptor- und Antikörper-vermittelte Kontrastierung, Zellmarkierung 19 \n2.6 Magen-Darm Kontrastierung 21 \n2.7 SPIO in der Therapie: Drug Carrier, Hyperthermie 21 \n2.8 Aufbau, Herstellung, physikalische Eigenschaften magnetischer Eisenoxid-\nPartikel 22 \n3 Entwicklung von VSOP als Kontrastmittel für die MRT: Organisation des\nProjektes, regulatorische Aspekte, Wirkstofffindung 29 \n3.1 Organisation des Gesamtprojektes 29 \n3.2 Regulatorische Aspekte der Arzneimittelentwicklung für das Kontrastmittel\nVSOP 30 \n3.3 Grundlegende Eigenschaften der neuen Substanzgruppe VSOP 32 \n3.4 Anforderungen an ein VSOP-basiertes Kontrastmittel für die MR-\nAngiographie 34 \n3.5 Iterative Optimierung von VSOP als Blut-Pool Kontrastmittel für die MRT\n35 \n3.6 Entwicklungskandidat VSOP-C184 im Vergleich zu exemplarischen Vorstufen:\nPhysikalisch-chemische Daten 40 \n4 Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von VSOP\n44 \n4.1 Einleitung 44 \n4.2 Allgemeine Angaben zu den experimentellen Untersuchungen 44 \n4.3 VSOP-C91 als Blut-Pool Kontrastmittel für die Equilibrium MR-Angiographie\nder Koronararterien 49 \n4.4 Wirksamkeit von VSOP-C184 in der First-Pass MR-Angiographie der Aorta und\nNierenarterien 59 \n4.5 MRT fokaler Leberläsionen: Experimenteller Vergleich von VSOP-C184 mit\nGadopentetat Dimeglumin und Ferucarbotran in T1-gewichteter dynamischer und\nT2-gewichteter später Bildgebung 68 \n4.6 Entwicklungskandidat für die klinische Prüfung VSOP-C184: Präklinische\nCharakterisierung Toxikologie und Wirksamkeit 81 \n4.7 Diskussion zum experimentellen Teil 98 \n5 Klinische Untersuchungen mit VSOP-C184 an gesunden Probanden: Erste\nErgebnisse zur Verträglichkeit und zur Wirksamkeit als Kontrastmittel für die\nMR-Angiographie der Koronararterien 115 \n5.1 Einleitung 115 \n5.2 Klinische Phase I (Verträglichkeit, Sicherheit, Pharmakokinetik,\nBlutrelaxometrie) 118 \n5.3 Klinische Phase IB: Erste Wirksamkeitsprüfung für VSOP-C184 in der MR-\nAngiographie der Koronararterien 137 \n5.4 Diskussion zu den klinischen Prüfungen der Phase I und IB 151 \n6 Zusammenfassung 159 \n6.1 Einleitung und Problemstellung 159 \n6.2 Wirkstofffindung, präklinische Verträglichkeits- und Wirksamkeitsprüfung\n160 \n6.3 Klinische Verträglichkeits- und Wirksamkeitsprüfung (klinische Phase I\nund IB) 165 \n6.4 Schlussfolgerung 166 \n7 Literatur 168 \n8 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 195
Layout Optimization of Cooperative Distributed Microphone Arrays Based on Estimation of Source Separation Performance (2017)

[abstFig src='/00290001/08.jpg' width='300' text='Optimizing robot positions for source separation' ] The active audition method presented here improves source separation performance by moving multiple mobile robots to optimal positions. One advantage of using multiple mobile robots that each has a microphone array is that each robot can work independently or as part of a big reconfigurable array. To determine optimal layout of the robots, we must be able to predict source separation performance from source position information because actual source signals are unknown and actual separation performance cannot be calculated. Our method thus simulates delay-and-sum beamforming from a possible layout to calculate gain theoretically, i.e., the expected ratio of a target sound source to other sound sources in the corresponding separated signal. Robots are moved into the layout with the highest average gain over target sources. Experimental results showed that our method improved the harmonic mean of signal-to-distortion ratios (SDRs) by 5.5 dB in simulation and by 3.5 dB in a real environment.
VLSI circuit placement with rectilinear modules using three-layer force-directed self-organizing maps (1997)

In this paper, a three-layer force-directed self-organizing map is designed to resolve the circuit placement problem with arbitrarily shaped rectilinear modules. The proposed neural model with an additional hidden layer can easily model a rectilinear module by a set of hidden neurons to correspond the partitioned rectangles. With the collective computing from hidden neurons, these rectilinear modules can correctly interact with each other and finally converge to a good placement result. In this paper, multiple contradictory criteria are accounted simultaneously during the placement process, in which, both the wire length and the module overlap are reduced. The proposed model has been successfully exploited to solve the time consuming rectilinear module placement problem. The placement results of real rectilinear test examples are presented, which demonstrate that the proposed method is better than the simulated annealing approach in the total wire length. The appropriate parameter values which yield good solutions are also investigated.
Facing the obstructed path problem in indoor TOA-based ranging between IEEE 802.11 nodes (2008)

TOA-based technology represents an alternative to overcome the current limitations of the indoor positioning systems using IEEE 802.11 networks infrastructures. The authors propose a new TOA-based ranging technique, which is the essential step towards the pursued positioning system, but tests have confirmed that its accuracy drastically decreases when a severe material obstruction exists between the involved nodes. This contribution describes an approach to overcome this problem and proposes a ranging algorithm specifically designed for such situations. Tests performed with a developed ranging prototype demonstrate the validity of the proposed solution.
Recent advances in ophthalmology (1995)

The Current Role of Botulinum Toxin in Ophthalmology. An Update on the Investigation and Treatment of Microbial Keratitis. Ophthalmic Manifestations of HIV Disease and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Ocular Surface Transplantation. Cyclodestructive Procedures for Advanced Glaucoma: an Update. Use of Antimetabololites in the Surgical Control of Glaucoma. Ocular Trauma. Small Incision Cataract Surgery. The Assessment of the Apparently Blind Infant. Recent Developments in Retinoblastoma. Colour Doppler Imaging of the Eye. Ocular Imaging: Computerized Corneal Modelling. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Eye. Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy and Tomography. Recent Developments in Psychophysics. Recent Advances in Clinical Visual Electrophysiology.
Spatio-Temporal Associative Memories in Brain-inspired Spiking Neural Networks: Concepts and Perspectives (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The paper introduces the main principles of spatio-temporal associative memory (STAM) inspired by learning principles in the human brain and implemented on a brain -inspired spiking neural network (SNN) architecture. A STAM is a machine learning model that is trained on a full set of spatio-temporal variables, but can be successfully recalled on only a subset of the variables measured in different time intervals. In addition, a STAM model can be further incrementally trained on a new subset of variables measured at varying times. STAM is based on spatio-temporal learning (STL), where existing spatial or other relevant information from the data is used to structure a SNN model and then temporal information is used to train the model. The model captures evolvable and explainable spatio/specro temporal patterns. A STAM model is validated through the introduced association- and generalization accuracy. Departing from traditional deep neural networks and machine learning methods, where trained models can only be recalled or incrementally trained on the same set of variables using vector-based representation, STAM opens the field of machine intelligence for the development of large-scale global spatio-temporal models that can be recalled and used locally, within the available local spatio-temporal data. Possible applications for STAM include: biological and brain signals; audio-visual data; seismic sensory data; financial and economic data; and other. &lt;/p&gt;
Lumped elements circuit of terahertz fishnet-like arrays with composite dispersion (2010)

We have analyzed and characterized a terahertz stacked holes array over a broad transmission bandwidth. In this context, we identify the key contributions of the surface plasmon modes related to the periodicity of array, and of the subcut off transmission through the holes responsible of a ground left-handed dispersion branch. The experimental verification of a multimode electromagnetic behavior is performed by time domain spectroscopy, with a complementary assessment by full-wave analysis. A circuitlike approach appears suitable for the understanding of a zero-gap transition between the left- and right-handed characteristics, opening the way of nonvanishing group velocity in a near-zero index propagation medium. Such a balanced composite operation, pointed out over the past in the dual element transmission line approaches, is thus generalized for a stacked subwavelength holes array, whose operation can be compared to the one of the so-called fishnet structures.
Distribution of Synapses in Hirschsprungʼs Disease (1991)

Yamataka, Atsuyuki; Miyano, Takeshi; Okazaki, Tadaharu; Nishiye, Hiroshi Author Information
Networked Drone Cameras for Sports Streaming (2017)

A network of drone cameras can be deployed to cover live events, such as high-action sports game played on a large field, but managing networked drone cameras in real-time is challenging. Distributed approaches yield suboptimal solutions from lack of coordination but coordination with a centralized controller incurs round-trip latencies of several hundreds of milliseconds over a wireless channel. We propose a fog-networking based system architecture to automatically coordinate a network of drones equipped with cameras to capture and broadcast the dynamically changing scenes of interest in a sports game. We design both optimal and practical algorithms to balance the tradeoff between two metrics: coverage of the most important scenes and streamed video bitrate. To compensate for network round-trip latencies, the centralized controller uses a predictive approach to predict which locations the drones should cover next. The controller maximizes video bitrate by associating each drone to an optimally matched server and dynamically re-assigns drones as relay nodes to boost the throughput in low-throughput scenarios. This dynamic assignment at centralized controller occurs at slower time-scale permitted by round-trip latencies, while the predictive approach and drones' local decision ensures that the system works in real-time. Experimental results over tens of flights on the field suggest our system can achieve really good performance, for example, 8 drones can achieve a tradeoff of 94% coverage and (on average) 2K video support at 20 Mbps by optimizing between coverage and throughput. By dynamically allocating drones to cover the game or act as relays, our system also demonstrates a 2x gain over systems maximizing static coverage alone that achieves only 9 Mbps video throughput.
Granulométrie en ligne sur un broyeur à jets d'air opposés de type Alpine 100 AFG (1999)

National audience
Effect of Emulated Head-Tracking for Reducing Localization Errors in Virtual Audio Simulation (2009)

Virtual audio simulation uses head-related transfer function (HRTF) synthesis and headphone playback to create a sound field similar to real-life environments. Localization performance is influenced by parameters such as the recording method and the spatial resolution of the HRTFs, equalization of the measurement chain as well as common headphone playback errors. The most important errors are in-the-head localization and front-back reversals. Among other cues, small movements of the head are considered to be important to avoid these phenomena. This study uses the BEACHTRON sound card and its HRTFs for emulating small head-movements by randomly moving the virtual sound source to emulate head-movements. This method does not need any additional equipment, sensors, or feedback. Fifty untrained subjects participated in the listening tests using different stimuli and presentation speed. A virtual target source was rendered in front of the listener by random movements of 1c-7deg. Experiments showed that this kind of simulation can be helpful to resolve in-the-head localization, but there is no clear benefit for resolving front-back errors. Emulation of small head-movements of 2deg could actually increase externalization rates in about 21% of the subjects while presentation speed is not significant.
Chemical Modification of siRNA (2009)

The ability to manipulate the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery to specifically silence the expression of target genes could be a powerful therapeutic strategy. Since the discovery that RNAi can be triggered in mammalian cells by short double-stranded RNAs (small interfering RNA, siRNA), there has been a tremendous push by researchers, from academia to big pharma, to move siRNAs into clinical application. The challenges facing siRNA therapeutics are significant. The inherent properties of siRNAs (polyanionic, vulnerable to nuclease cleavage) make clinical application difficult due to poor cellular uptake and rapid clearance. Side effects of siRNAs have also proven to be a further complication. Fortunately, numerous chemical modification strategies have been identified that allow many of these obstacles to be overcome. This unit will present an overview of (1) the chemical modifications available to the nucleic acid chemist for modifying siRNAs, (2) the application of chemical modifications to address specific therapeutic obstacles, and (3) the factors that must be considered when assessing the activity of modified siRNAs.
Topically Applied Halofuginone, An Inhibitor of Collagen Type I Transcription, Reduces Peritendinous Fibrous Adhesions Following Surgery (1996)

To test in vivo the effect of previously observed inhibition of collagen type I transcription by the plant alkaloid Halofuginone, deep flexor tendons of 12 chickens were severed and sutured, and Halofuginone was applied topically at the site of surgery. Intact tendons, and severed but untreated tendons served as controls. The effect of the treatment was assessed by histological, biochemical, and biomechanical examinations of the operated and intact tendons three weeks after surgery. The results indicated an almost complete absence of fibrous peritendinous adhesions in the histologic sections of the Halofuginone treated tendons. There was a statistically significant decrease in collagen contents of and in both force and energy required to pull out the Halofuginone treated tendons from their sheath, relative to the untreated controls. Halofuginone had no effect on the cellularity of the healing tissue. We conclude that Halofuginone is a potent inhibitor of fibrous peritendinous adhesions with potentially important clinical applications.
XPAD: pixel detector for material sciences (2005)

Currently available 2D detectors do not make full use of the high flux and high brilliance of third generation synchrotron sources. The XPAD prototype, using active pixels, has been developed to fulfil the needs of materials science scattering experiments. At the time, its prototype is build of eight modules of eight chips. The threshold calibration of /spl ap/4 10/sup 4/ pixels is discussed. Applications to powder diffraction or SAXS experiments prove that it allows to record high quality data.
Hsc70-binding Peptides Selected from a Phage Display Peptide Library that Resemble Organellar Targeting Sequences (1995)

A 15-mer phage display random peptide library was screened with purified bovine Hsc70, and nucleotide sequence analysis of the selected clones showed a large enrichment for peptides containing basic sequences with at least KK, KR, or RR. Binding affinity for Hsc70 of representative peptides increased dramatically for heptamers compared with hexamers. The peptide NIVRKKK had the highest affinity for Hsc70, and substitution analyses showed that hydrophobic residues followed by basic residues play important roles in maintaining this affinity. In contrast, NIVRKKK was a weaker stimulator of the Hsc70 ATPase activity compared with pigeon cytochrome c peptide and FYQLALT, a peptide optimized for binding to Hsc70. FYQLALT effectively blocked the binding of NIVRKKK to Hsc70, possibly by causing a conformational change that masked Hsc70's binding site for the basic peptide. Two hypotheses are offered to explain the two different peptide motifs. First, it is proposed that Hsc70 recognizes two different amino acid sequence motifs in its dual roles of chaperoning proteins to organelles (NIVRKKK-like sequences) and facilitating protein folding (FYQLALT-like sequences). Second, the NIVRKKK motif may be used to bind certain folded proteins with which Hsc70 interacts, such as itself, p53, and Dnaj2.
Non-muscle Mlck is required for β-catenin- and FoxO1-dependent downregulation of Cldn5 in IL-1β-mediated barrier dysfunction in brain endothelial cells (2014)

Aberrant elevation in the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) contributes to neuroinflammatory diseases. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a hallmark phenotype of neuroinflammation. It is known that IL-1β directly induces BBB hyperpermeability but the mechanisms remain unclear. Claudin-5 (Cldn5) is a tight junction protein found at endothelial cell-cell contacts that are crucial for maintaining brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMVEC) integrity. Transcriptional regulation of Cldn5 has been attributed to the transcription factors β-catenin and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), and the signaling molecules regulating their nuclear translocation. Non-muscle myosin light chain kinase (nmMlck, encoded by the Mylk gene) is a key regulator involved in endothelial hyperpermeability, and IL-1β has been shown to mediate nmMlck-dependent barrier dysfunction in epithelia. Considering these factors, we tested the hypothesis that nmMlck modulates IL-1β-mediated downregulation of Cldn5 in BMVECs in a manner that depends on transcriptional repression mediated by β-catenin and FoxO1. We found that treating BMVECs with IL-1β induced barrier dysfunction concomitantly with the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and FoxO1 and the repression of Cldn5. Most importantly, using primary BMVECs isolated from mice null for nmMlck, we identified that Cldn5 repression caused by β-catenin and FoxO1 in IL-1β-mediated barrier dysfunction was dependent on nmMlck.
Little recognition for practice nurses (2006)

The state of the NHS continues to give us much to talk about and it is difficult to keep morale high while colleagues are being made redundant and patient services diminished. Then, during this hard time of sackings, uncertainty and anxiety, we get headlines about hefty pay rises for some GPs. This is hard to take when other parts of the NHS are creaking at the financial seams. How general practice is funded and where the money goes has always been complex and GPs enjoy considerable freedom in running their businesses. We can happily thank Nye Bevan for this when he finally managed to agree a settlement with the GPs way back in 1947 at the birth of the NHS. General practice continues to come in many shapes and sizes and although we now have the nationally agreed GMS Contract it is quite apparent that the terms and conditions of GP-employed staff vary consider-ably, and so too do the earnings of individual GPs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Phosphido‐Bridged Dimolybdenum Complexes. Part 6. The Insertion of Allene into Coordinated μ‐Vinyl and η3‐Allyl Ligands; X‐Ray Crystal Structures of (Mo2(η‐C5H5)2(μ‐PMe2)(η3‐CH2C(CH2)C(Me)=CH2)(CO)3) and (Mo2(η‐C5H5)2(.mu±eta.5‐CH2C(CH2)C(Me)=CH2)(μ‐PMe2)(CO)2). (1990)

Abstract Prolonged photolysis of (I) in the presence of allene (II) gives new products (III) (P2 1 /c, Z=4) and (IV) (P2 1 2 1 2 1 , Z=4) formed by further reaction of the initially generated complexes (Va) and (VI) (mechanism).
RNA‐Seq‐based toxicogenomic assessment of fresh frozen and formalin‐fixed tissues yields similar mechanistic insights (2014)

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pathology specimens represent a potentially vast resource for transcriptomic-based biomarker discovery. We present here a comparison of results from a whole transcriptome RNA-Seq analysis of RNA extracted from fresh frozen and FFPE livers. The samples were derived from rats exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) and a corresponding set of control animals. Principal components analysis indicated that samples were separated in the two groups representing presence or absence of chemical exposure, both in fresh frozen and FFPE sample types. Sixty-five percent of the differentially expressed transcripts (AFB1 vs. controls) in fresh frozen samples were also differentially expressed in FFPE samples (overlap significance: P < 0.0001). Genomic signature and gene set analysis of AFB1 differentially expressed transcript lists indicated highly similar results between fresh frozen and FFPE at the level of chemogenomic signatures (i.e., single chemical/dose/duration elicited transcriptomic signatures), mechanistic and pathology signatures, biological processes, canonical pathways and transcription factor networks. Overall, our results suggest that similar hypotheses about the biological mechanism of toxicity would be formulated from fresh frozen and FFPE samples. These results indicate that phenotypically anchored archival specimens represent a potentially informative resource for signature-based biomarker discovery and mechanistic characterization of toxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Conversions of tert.‐Butyl rac‐, (R)‐, or (S)‐5‐Alkylidene‐2‐tert.‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐1‐imidazolidinecarboxylate s (Chiral 2,3‐Dehydroamino Acid Derivatives) and Preparation of Some Nonproteinogenic Amino Acids. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CyberScams (1999)

Abstract When the famous bank robber John Dillinger was asked why he robbed banks, he replied “because that's where the money is!” In the age of electronic commerce, computer crime happens for that same reason. Information security professionals need to understand these schemes and to educate others about them. But the range of cyberscams includes some profoundly nontechnical crimes for which all should be on their guard. Here the author shares some of his favorite cyberscam stories. Some are embarrassingly low-tech. Others rely on technology. After each one, he provides a simple procedure that, had it been followed, might have foiled the villains.