gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Update on Methodologies Available for Ciguatoxin Determination: Perspectives to Confront the Onset of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in Europe (2010)

Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) occurs mainly when humans ingest finfish contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). The complexity and variability of such toxins have made it difficult to develop reliable methods to routinely monitor CFP with specificity and sensitivity. This review aims to describe the methodologies available for CTX detection, including those based on the toxicological, biochemical, chemical, and pharmaceutical properties of CTXs. Selecting any of these methodological approaches for routine monitoring of ciguatera may be dependent upon the applicability of the method. However, identifying a reference validation method for CTXs is a critical and urgent issue, and is dependent upon the availability of certified CTX standards and the coordinated action of laboratories. Reports of CFP cases in European hospitals have been described in several countries, and are mostly due to travel to CFP endemic areas. Additionally, the recent detection of the CTX-producing tropical genus Gambierdiscus in the eastern Atlantic Ocean of the northern hemisphere and in the Mediterranean Sea, as well as the confirmation of CFP in the Canary Islands and possibly in Madeira, constitute other reasons to study the onset of CFP in Europe [1]. The question of the possible contribution of climate change to the distribution of toxin-producing microalgae and ciguateric fish is raised. The impact of ciguatera onset on European Union (EU) policies will be discussed with respect to EU regulations on marine toxins in seafood. Critical analysis and availability of methodologies for CTX determination is required for a rapid response to suspected CFP cases and to conduct sound CFP risk analysis.
Cytokine–Chemokine Networks in Experimental Mycobacterial and Schistosomal Pulmonary Granuloma Formation (2003)

Type-1 and type-2 lung granulomas, respectively, elicited by bead immobilized Mycobacteria bovis and Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens (Ags) display different patterns of chemokine expression. This study tested the hypothesis that chemokine expression patterns were related to upstream cytokine signaling. Using quantitative transcript analysis, we defined expression profiles for 16 chemokines and then examined the in vivo effects of neutralizing antibodies against interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-13. Transcripts for CXCL2, -5, -9, -10, and -11 and the CCL chemokine, CCL3, and lymphotactin (XCL1), were largely enhanced by Th1-related cytokines, IFN-gamma or IL-12. Transcripts for CCL11, CCL22, CCL17, and CCL1 were enhanced largely by Th2-related cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, or IL-13. Transcripts for CCL4, CCL2, CCL8, CCL7, and CCL12 were potentially induced by either Th1- or Th2-related cytokines, although some of these showed biased expression. IFN-gamma and IL-4 enhanced the greatest complement of transcripts, and their neutralization had the greatest anti-inflammatory effect on type-1 and type-2 granulomas, respectively. Th1/Th2 cross-regulation was evident because endogenous Th2 cytokines inhibited type-1, whereas Th1 cytokines inhibited type-2 biased chemokines. These findings reveal a complex cytokine-chemokine regulatory network that dictates profiles of local chemokine expression during T cell-mediated granuloma formation.
Validation of Chordoma Cell Lines (2015)

A) Proliferation rates of chordoma cell lines. U-CH2, MUG-Chor1, and JHC7 cells were seeded at a density of 20K cells, and cell number was measured at the indicated intervals for 16 days. Data represent the mean ± SD of 3 replicates. The experiment using JHC7 cells was performed at a different time than the remaining cell lines. B) Comparison of chordoma cell viability in IMDM/RPMI versus DMEM growth media. U-CH2, MUG-Chor1, and U-CH1 cells were grown using either IMDM/RPMI (4:1) + 10% FBS + DMSO (1:1000) media; or DMEM + 10% FBS + DMSO (1:1000) media for 72h. Cell viability was measured using CellTiter-Glo. Data are expressed as percent viability relative to IMDM/RPMI-treated cells and represent the mean ± SD of 24 replicates. ***0.0001 &lt; P &lt; 0.001; ****P &lt; 0.0001 (two-tailed, unpaired t-tests). C) Chordoma cell lines express brachyury. JHC7, MUG-Chor1 (MUG), U-CH2, and U-CH1 chordoma cells and 293T human embryonic kidney cells were immunoblotted for brachyury expression.
SCCS addendum to the opinion Climbazole (P64) - SCCS/1506/13 (2018)

International audience
[Principle symptoms of delayed language development and behavioral disorders. 2 case studies on the topic of fragile X syndrome]. (1989)

Case reports of two boys (5 1/2 and 3 1/2 years old) with fragile X syndrome are presented. In both cases, the typical somatic signs were absent. On the other hand, the psychopathology, with delayed language development and behaviour problems (especially hyperactivity and autistic behavior), provided the indication for a chromosome analysis. Fragile X syndrome was diagnosed in both cases, but in case 2 two subsequent controls were negative. The conclusions are that a diagnosis of fragile X syndrome must be viewed with skepticism until it has been confirmed by a second chromosome analysis in another experienced laboratory and/or with a different laboratory method. In spite of the genetic etiology (case 1), a marked improvement in the symptoms was possible with an intensive remedial program. Hence the fragile X chromosome appears to predispose to certain psychopathological changes, and these changes are apparently strongly influenced by psychosocial factors. Awareness of the genetic diagnosis can have positive effects on a family's compliance concerning further therapeutic programs for the child.
Identification of diluent degradation products in radiolyzed PUREX solvent (2018)

Diluent degradation products in gamma radiolyzed Plutonium URanium Extraction (PUREX) solvent were characterized, under the conditions similar to those prevailing in the hot cell for reprocessing. Alkali wash of the degraded solvent followed by vacuum distillation resulted in primary separation. Column separation of the distillation residue followed by spectroscopic analysis using GC-MS and NMR revealed the residue predominantly to be a mixture of dodecan-3-ol, dodecan-4-ol, and dodecan-5-ol in the ratio of 2:1:6, respectively and a mixture of 2-nitrododecane, 3-nitrododecane, 4-nitrododecane, and 5-nitrododecane in the ratio of 2:2:1:1, respectively. The identified compounds were confirmed by synthesizing them individually and comparing their spectral data.
The economics of paradox: a response to armour-garb (2005)

Logic and mathematics aren’t what we might call ‘white-coat’ disciplines. The same is true of most of the rest of philosophy and of the other abstract sciences. Their disputes—which are legion—are not amenable to experimental adjudication. This gives rise to a central question in the methodology of the abstract sciences: ‘How, then, are disagreements in the abstract sciences to be settled?’ It is tempting to think that what the abstract sciences lack are what Quine calls empirical checkpoints. For those drawn to holism, or who otherwise doubt the purported contrast between the empirical and the abstract, this is not a wholly satisfactory way of marking the disadvantage that does indeed appear to attend such disputes. But something like this is true, whatever the details. In Paradox and Paraconsistency (hereafter P&P , following Armour-Garb) I was less interested in charting the complex borders of whatever the contrast between what is empirical and what is not happens to be, than I was in going more directly to the issue of how conflict resolution in the abstract sciences, loosely so-called, is best achieved, if at all.
Roles of N:P Ratios on Trophic Structures and Ecological Stream Health in Lotic Ecosystems (2016)

Little is known about the functions of N:P ratios in determining trophic structures and ecological health in lotic ecosystems, even though N:P ratios have been frequently used as a stoichiometric determinant in ambient water for trophic allocation of low-level organisms such as phytoplankton or zooplankton. In this study, nutrients (N, P) and sestonic chlorophyll (CHL) from 40 different streams in the Geum-River watershed were measured from 2008 to 2011. Fish compositions and stream health were also assessed, based on the multi-metric modeling of an index of biological integrity. Land use patterns in these watersheds were a key factor regulating nutrient contents and N:P ratios in ambient water, and also influenced empirical relationships between N:P ratios (or nutrients) and sestonic CHL. Land use patterns in forested, urban and wastewater treatment plant regions were associated with significant differences in stream N:P ratios, and the ratios were mainly determined by phosphorus. Sestonic CHL was significantly correlated with nutrient level (N, P); the ratios had a positive linear relationship with the proportion of omnivores, and a negative relationship with the proportion of insectivores. A similar trend in the N:P ratios was observed in indicator fishes such as N. koreanus and Z. platypus. Overall, the N:P ratio may be a good surrogate variable of ambient concentrations of N or P in assessing trophic linkage and diagnosing the ecological stream health in aquatic ecosystems.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the ProSeal™ Laryngeal Mask Airway with the Laryngeal Tube Suction in Mechanically Ventilated Patients (2004)

With respect to both physiologic and clinical function, the PLMA and LTS are similar and either device can be used to establish a safe and effective airway in mechanically ventilated anesthetized adult patients.
KrF Laser-Triggered SF6 Spark Gap for Low Jitter Timing (1980)

KrF laser-triggered spark gaps exploit the high dc-dielectric strength and low ultraviolet (UV) breakdown threshold of SF6 gas. Detailed measurements using a dc-charged pulser demonstrate subnanosecond jitter for switching a 0.5-cm gap operated at 80 kV with 7 mJ in 20 ns of 248-nm KrF radiation. A 200-kV pulse-charged 0.7-cm gap gives similar performance.
Left–right analysis of mammary gland development in retinoid X receptor-α +/− mice (2016)

Left-right (L-R) differences in mammographic parenchymal patterns are an early predictor of breast cancer risk; however, the basis for this asymmetry is unknown. Here, we use retinoid X receptor alpha heterozygous null (RXRα<sup>+/-</sup>) mice to propose a developmental origin: perturbation of coordinated anterior-posterior (A-P) and L-R axial body patterning. We hypothesized that by analogy to somitogenesis-in which retinoic acid (RA) attenuation causes anterior somite pairs to develop L-R asynchronously-that RA pathway perturbation would likewise result in asymmetric mammary development. To test this, mammary glands of RXRα<sup>+/-</sup> mice were quantitatively assessed to compare left- versus right-side ductal epithelial networks. Unlike wild-type controls, half of the RXRα<sup>+/-</sup> thoracic mammary gland (TMG) pairs exhibited significant L-R asymmetry, with left-side reduction in network size. In RXRα<sup>+/-</sup> TMGs in which symmetry was maintained, networks had bilaterally increased size, with left networks showing greater variability in area and pattern. Reminiscent of posterior somites, whose bilateral symmetry is refractory to RA attenuation, inguinal mammary glands (IMGs) also had bilaterally increased network size, but no loss of symmetry. Together, these results demonstrate that mammary glands exhibit differential A-P sensitivity to RXRα heterozygosity, with ductal network symmetry markedly compromised in anterior but not posterior glands. As TMGs more closely model human breast development than IMGs, these findings raise the possibility that for some women, breast cancer risk may initiate with subtle axial patterning defects that result in L-R asymmetric growth and pattern of the mammary ductal epithelium.This article is part of the themed issue 'Provocative questions in left-right asymmetry'.
Process Optimization and Characterization of YSZ Thin Film Electrolyte on Anode Substrate Prepared by Electrophoretic Deposition Technique (2017)

Thin film electrolyte made of 8-mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) was fabricated on porous NiO-8YSZ anode substrates using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The porous NiO-8YSZ anode substrates were prepared by powder injection molding technique. The electrolyte suspensions containing 8YSZ nanoparticles and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a dispersant (1-19 wt%) were formed in ethanol. The maximum zeta potential value was obtained from the 8YSZ suspension with 5 wt% PEG considered as an optimal content of PEG dispersant. The electrophoretic deposition of 8YSZ film was performed on the porous anode substrate using a constant voltage of 30 V for 150 sec prior to co-sintering at different temperatures in order to obtain dense 8YSZ electrolyte film on the porous anode substrate. Co-sintering at 1250°C for 1 h resulted in a formation of a dense 8YSZ thin-film electrolyte with a thickness of 6.35 mm. An open circuit voltage at 800°C of a single cell having 8YSZ thin-film electrolyte on porous NiO-8YSZ anode substrate was 1.09 V, indicating a gas-tightness of 8YSZ thin-film electrolyte fabricated by using EPD.
Population pharmacokinetics of linezolid in subjects with a range of renal function (1999)

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1999) 65, 162–162; doi:
Encoding of images based on a two-component source model (1977)

In this paper we describe a code for grey-scale still images which separates the intensity function into two components: a discontinuous one representing intensity variations due to distinct objects and a continuous component due to such effects as texture. Each component is encoded separately and the two decoded components combined at the receiver. The code produces images with notably sharper detail and more pleasing appearance than a whole raster Fourier Transform code operating at the same rate.
Synthesis of 2-Cyclopentenones by Gold(I)-Catalyzed Rautenstrauch Rearrangement (2005)

The rearrangement of 1-ethynyl-2-propenyl pivaloates to cyclopentenones catalyzed by cationic triphenylphosphinegold(I) complexes is described. The reaction tolerates both alkyl and aryl substitution at the acetylenic and olefinic positions. Importantly, the gold(I)-catalyzed rearrangement of enantioenriched propargyl pivaloates proceeds with excellent chirality transfer, thus providing a practical method for the enantioselective synthesis of cyclopentenones.
Density, Viscosity, and Interfacial Tension of Binary Mixture of Tri-iso-amyl Phosphate (TiAP) and n-Dodecane: Effect of Compositions and Gamma Absorbed Doses (2014)

The changes in interfacial tension against water, density, and coefficient of viscosity of a binary mixture of tri-iso-amyl phosphate (TiAP) and n-dodecane have been measured before and after gamma radiolysis. Density, viscosity, and interfacial tension of binary mixtures are additive functions of mole fractions of TiAP and gamma absorbed dose, which respectively form a plane in three-dimensional plots of linear–linear–linear, loge–loge–linear, and loge–loge–linear scales. Logarithmic interfacial tension also forms a three-dimensional plane with density and viscosity in loge–linear–linear plot. Redlich–Kister type equations (RK-eq) have been introduced to model excess properties of binary mixtures, where a second independent variable is the absorbed dose. The parametric coefficients of RK-eqs pertaining to excess molar volume, viscosity deviations, and interfacial tension deviations of the mixtures are linear functions of the absorbed dose. Molecular interactions between solute–solute and solute–solvent have also been quantified in terms of apparent molar volume at infinite dilution, among others.
Extraction of carboxylic acids with amine extractants. 2. Chemical interactions and interpretation of data (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtraction of carboxylic acids with amine extractants. 2. Chemical interactions and interpretation of dataJanet A. Tamada and C. Judson KingCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 7, 1327–1333Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00103a036RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1793Altmetric-Citations251LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (888 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
First record of a marine microalgal species, <i>Chlorella gloriosa</i> (Trebouxiophyceae) isolated from the Dokdo Islands, Korea (2019)

Chlorella gloriosa (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae) was isolated from seawater off the coast of the Dokdo Islands in Korea. An axenic culture was established using the streak-plate method on f/2 agar media supplemented with antibiotics, allowing identification of the isolate by morphological, molecular, and physiological analyses. The morphological characteristics observed by light and electron microscopy revealed typical morphologies of C. gloriosa species. The molecular phylogenetic inference drawn from the small-subunit 18S rRNA sequence verified that the microalgal strain belongs to C. gloriosa. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the isolate was rich in nutritionally important omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the high-value antioxidants lutein and violaxanthin were biosynthesized as accessory pigments by this microalga, with arabinose, galactose, and glucose as the major monosaccharides. Therefore, in this study, a Korean marine C. gloriosa species was discovered, characterized, and described, and subsequently added to the national culture collection.
Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation before-and after Exercise in the Thoroughbred Horse with MeDIP-Seq (2015)

Athletic performance is an important criteria used for the selection of superior horses. However, little is known about exercise-related epigenetic processes in the horse. DNA methylation is a key mechanism for regulating gene expression in response to environmental changes. We carried out comparative genomic analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in the blood samples of two different thoroughbred horses before and after exercise by methylated-DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-Seq). Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the pre-and post-exercise blood samples of superior and inferior horses were identified. Exercise altered the methylation patterns. After 30 min of exercise, 596 genes were hypomethylated and 715 genes were hypermethylated in the superior horse, whereas in the inferior horse, 868 genes were hypomethylated and 794 genes were hypermethylated. These genes were analyzed based on gene ontology (GO) annotations and the exercise-related pathway patterns in the two horses were compared. After exercise, gene regions related to cell division and adhesion were hypermethylated in the superior horse, whereas regions related to cell signaling and transport were hypermethylated in the inferior horse. Analysis of the distribution of methylated CpG islands confirmed the hypomethylation in the gene-body methylation regions after exercise. The methylation patterns of transposable elements also changed after exercise. Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) showed abundance of DMRs. Collectively, our results serve as a basis to study exercise-based reprogramming of epigenetic traits.
Silicon thermal anemometry: developments and applications (1996)

In this paper we present a comprehensive discussion of silicon thermal anemometry. Its possibilities and the current state of the art are discussed in detail. Based on forced convective heat transfer, it is seen how silicon technology can be used to make thermal flow sensors. The mechanism is based on development of a thermal hydrodynamic boundary layer across a heated silicon chip due to a forced flow. It is shown how this mechanism is converted into an electrical signal. Important parameters such as possible sensing elements and geometries are discussed. Different biasing modes to operate thermal sensors are presented. One of the very basic issues in silicon thermal anemometry is drift. The performance can be expressed in terms of a quality factor , where S is the desired signal, D is the drift and N is the contribution of noise. The control of this drift term plays a crucial role in the accuracy of silicon thermal flow sensors. A novel method to eliminate drift for thermal anemometry, namely the alternating direction method, is presented. In particular this method plays a crucial role when extremely low and long-term volume measurements must be performed. Examples of measurements are given. With regard to its applications, the type of packaging is a major issue. Dependent on its application, also the frequency behaviour is important. It is discussed briefly. Finally, applications and future developments of silicon thermal anemometry are discussed.
Formation-Flying Planar Periodic Orbits in the Presence of Intersatellite Lorentz Force (2017)

This study presents formation-flying periodic orbits in a new satellite-relative motion scenario, which considers the presence of intersatellite Lorentz force. A nonlinear dynamical model for the proposed relative motion is established based on the Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire equation, under the assumption that a chief satellite generates a rotating magnetic dipole while a constantly charging deputy satellite moves close to the artificial magnetic field of the chief satellite. Moreover, we assume that the barycenter of the proposed system is constrained in a circular reference orbit, and the rotating magnetic axis of the dipole is perpendicular to the reference orbital plane. We first derived equilibrium points (and analyzed their stabilities), an integral constant, and zero-velocity surfaces for the proposed relative motion based on system parameters, such as the charge-to-mass ratio of the deputy satellite, the moment and rotating rate of the magnetic dipole, and the angular velocity of the reference orbit. With regard to the zero-velocity surfaces, bounded periodic orbits in the reference orbital plane are searched out using Poincare maps. Planar periodic orbits near the equilibrium points are numerically computed via differential correction based on the stability characteristic of equilibrium points, and a special case is analytically solved using the Lindstedt-Poincare method. The periodic orbits of relative motion presented in this study differ from those in traditional satellite formation flying. The difference suggests potential applications of the presented periodic orbits, such as propellantless satellite formation maintenance and noncontact capture of electrostatically charged space debris.
Supplementary Table 1 from The Orphan Nuclear Receptor NR4A1 (Nur77) Regulates Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 20KB, Supplemental Table S1. List of real-time PCR primer sequences.&lt;/p&gt;