gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ECCM performance analysis of chaotic coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (COFDM) SAR (2011)

Conventional linear frequency modulation (LFM) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is incapable of countering deceptive repeat jamming. In this paper, a new SAR signal based on chaotic coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (COFDM) is studied. The fact that chaotic codes are sensitive to the initial values allows generating a large number of different chaotic sequences to form SAR transmitting waveforms, where all the signal sequences are orthogonal to each other, enabling COFDM-SAR countering not only active noise but also deceptive repeat jamming. The procedures for COFDM waveform generation and SAR anti-jamming processing are discussed. Comparative studies of the electronic counter-countermeasure performance (ECCM) between COFDM-SAR and conventional LFM-SAR are made. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the superior performance of COFDM-SAR in countering repeat deception as well as active noise jamming.
Static and Dynamic Characterization of 1200 V SiC MOSFETs at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures (2021)

Cryogenic operation of power electronics converters plays a key role in the development of the future electric aircraft systems. Characterization of semiconductor switches in the cryogenic environment is pivotal for implementation of the cryogenic power electronics converters. This paper characterizes two groups of Planar and Trench SiC MOSFETs from room temperature to –175°C. The objective is to explore the impact of the cryogenic environment on static and dynamic behavior of the SiC MOSFETs. The dynamic characteristics of these semiconductor switches are investigated by using a double pulse test circuit. The test circuit is placed inside a cryogenic chamber, which is able to accurately adjust the temperature. Important dynamic characteristics such as voltage and current rise and fall times, turn-on, turn-off, and total switching energy losses are investigated. It is shown that the impacts of the cryogenic environment on the two groups of SiC MOSFETs are not identical. Furthermore, the impact of gate driver output voltage on the switching energy losses is discussed. The static characteristics of the SiC MOSFETs are explored by using the same cryogenic chamber and a curve tracer. Breakdown voltage, gate-source threshold voltage, on-state resistance, body diode forward voltage, and average transconductance are the static parameters that are measured.
Measurement of Asymmetry in Spin-Dependente−pResonance-Region Scattering (1980)

The first measurements are reported of the asymmetry in resonance-region scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons by longitudinally polarized protons. Data have been obtained at ${Q}^{2}=0.5 \mathrm{and} 1.5$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$ in the missing-mass range $W=1.1\ensuremath{-}1.9$ GeV. Results are compatible with a multipole analysis of single-pion electroproduction. The spin-dependent behavior is consistent with a duality mechanism as in the unpolarized case.
A 16 Mfps 165kpixel backside-illuminated CCD (2011)

In 2002, we reported a CCD image sensor with 260x312 pixels capable of capturing 103 consecutive images at 1,000,000 frames per second (1Mfps). We named the sensor "ISIS-V2", for In-situ Storage Image Sensor Version 2.103 memory elements are attached to every pixel; generated image signals were instantly and continuously stored in the in-situ storage without being read out of the sensor. The ultimate high-speed recording was enabled by this parallel recording at all pixels. In 2006, the color version, ISIS-V4, was reported. In 2009, we developed ISIS-V12, a backside-illuminated image sensor mounting the ISIS structure and the CCM, charge-carrier multiplication, on the front side. The CCM is a CCD-specific efficient signal-amplification device. CCM, combined with the BSI structure and cooling, achieved very high sensitivity. The ISIS-V12 was a test sensor intended to prove the technical feasibility of the structure. The maximum frame rate was 250kfps for a charge-handling capacity of Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> =10,000e and 1Mfps for a reduced Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> . The pixel count was 489x400 pixels. For backside-illuminated (BSI) image sensors, metal wires can be placed on the front surface to increase the frame rate without reducing fill factor or violating uniformity of the pixel configuration. It has been proved by simulations that 100Mfps is achievable by introducing innovative technologies including a special wiring method. We now report on ISIS-V16, developed by incorporating technologies to increase the frame rate with those to achieve very high sensitivity, which was confirmed by evaluation of ISIS-V12.
Auf der Spur von Xanthaten ‐ neue Chemie einer alten funktionellen Gruppe (1997)

Abstract In den letzten Jahren kamen Reaktionen freier Radikale in der organischen Synthese verstärkt zum Einsatz. Radikalprozesse weisen oft viele Eigenschaften wie Flexibilität und Selektivität auf, die in der organischen Synthese erwünscht sind, und laufen häufig unter schonenden Bedingungen ab. Allerdings ist die Zahl synthetisch nützlicher Radikal‐bildender Verbindungen begrenzt, und die meisten Anwendungen basieren auf Zinnhydriden. Sekundäre O ‐Alkyl‐ S ‐methylxanthate beispielsweise reagieren mit Tributylzinnhydrid zu Alkanen (Barton‐McCombie‐Reaktion). Die isomeren O ‐Methyl‐ S ‐alkylxanthate werden dagegen an der schwächeren Kohlenstoff‐Schwefel‐Bindung gespalten, und auch ohne Zinn oder andere Schwermetalle wird eine Kettenreaktion aufrechterhalten. Einige synthetisch interessante freie Radikale können so hergestellt und abgefangen werden, wobei als letzter Kettenwachstumsschritt ein reversibler Transfer der Xanthatgruppe stattfindet. S ‐Propargylxanthate bilden eine bemerkenswerte Substanzklasse, da ihre Radikalchemie von einem bislang unbekannten, sehr interessanten Nichtradikalverhalten beeinflußt werden kann. Durch Erhitzen findet eine thermische [3,3]‐sigmatrope Umlagerung zum Allenylisomer statt, das mit einem Betain neuartiger Struktur im Gleichgewicht steht. Das Betain steht im Mittelpunkt neuartiger Umsetzungen, wie formaler [3 + 2]‐Cycloadditionen, der Bildung von Estern unter Inversion der Konfiguration bei sekundären Alkoholen, der Bildung von 1,3‐Dithiol‐2‐onen, der Herstellung von cisoiden Dienen und der Bildung von Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Bindungen durch Reaktion mit Säurechloriden. Wir fassen hier die noch immer voller Überraschungen steckende Radikal‐ und Nichtradikalchemie von Xanthaten, einer alten Verbindungsklasse, zusammen.
Rectenna demonstrators at holst centre / imec and eindhoven university of technology (2015)

To realize a sufficiently high dc voltage for a realistic load impedance with a rectenna we may increase the receiving aperture or employ a voltage boost circuit. A gridded, square loop FSS, loaded with Schottky diodes is demonstrated as an example of the first solution. For the second solution we have employed a Texas Instruments TI BQ22570 Power Management circuit combined with a miniaturized rectenna. This system has been capable of powering a sensor to distances in excess of 6m from a 915MHz, 3W EIRP source. The circuit, combined with a rectifier and 6dBi antenna is expected to deliver 60mW of power, during 40ms, every 2 minutes up to 10m from the source.
New ways to improve transistor bias stability. (1965)

Ground emitter transistor amplifier biasing to improve quiescent voltage stability and minimum power dissipation
Oral magnesium supplementation improves glycemic control and lipid profile in children with type 1 diabetes and hypomagnesaemia (2017)

Dietary supplementation with magnesium (Mg) in addition to classical therapies for diabetes may help in prevention or delaying of diabetic complications.We aimed to evaluate the status of serum Mg in children with type 1 diabetes and assessing its relationship to glycemic control and lipid profile. Then evaluating the effect of oral Mg supplementation on glycemic control and lipid parameters.We included 71 children at Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic, Zagazig University, Egypt with type 1 diabetes and assessed HBA1c, lipid profile, and serum Mg at the start of study. Patients with serum Mg level < 1.7 mg/dL were given 300 mg Mg oxide for 3 months. After that we reevaluated HBA1c, lipid profile, and serum Mg in all patients.The study included 71 patients with type 1 diabetes (32 males and 39 females); their mean age was 9.68 ± 3.99 years. The mean serum Mg level was 1.83 ± .27 mg/dL. Hypomagnesemia was detected in 28.2% study patients. Serum Mg was found to be positively correlated with high density lipoprotein, mean corpuscular volume and platelet count (P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with age, HbA1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and duration of diabetes (P < 0.001). There was significant reduction in HBA1c in group given Mg supplementation. HBA1c was initially 10.11% ± 0.87%. After 3 months of oral Mg supplementation it is reduced to 7.88% ± 0.42% (P < 0.001). There was statistically significant difference in lipid parameters in hypomagnesemic diabetic patients before and after Mg supplementation with significant reduction in serum triglycerides, LDL, and total cholesterol following Mg supplementation with P < 0.001. Although HDL shows a significant increase after Mg supplementation in hypomagnesemic diabetic children with P < 0.001.Correction of hypomagnesemia in type 1 diabetic children with oral Mg supplements is associated with optimization of glycemic control and reduction of atherogenic lipid fraction as well as increase in protective lipid fraction.
Trade-offs between performance specifications, uncertainty and admissible models (1997)

The fundamental trade-off between performance specifications, the set of uncertainty over which this performance must be achieved and the set of admissible controller-design models is examined. This trade-off is inherent to feedback control, and may be alleviated by allowing the controller-design model to vary. Admissible controller-design models may be traded off in return for improved performance or robustness. A simple example illustrates that a qualitative trade-off between performance and stability robustness predicted by set-theoretic arguments may be quantified by the Bode sensitivity integral.
De novo interstitial deletion del(1)(p21p32). (1979)

A girl aged 14 years 9 months, overweight, with severe psychomotor retardation, short stature, a sheep-like face, malformed ears, skeletal and dermatoglyphic abnormalities, and partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1 is presented. The karyotype was 46,XX,del(1)(qter to p22::p32 to pter).
Red Cell Pulmonary Transit Times Through the Healthy Human Lung (2003)

It has previously been postulated that rapid red cell capillary transit through the human lung plays a role in the mechanism of diffusion limitation in some endurance athletes. Methodological limitations currently prevent researchers from directly measuring pulmonary capillary transit times in humans during exercise; however, first pass radionuclide cardiography allows direct measurement of red blood cell (RBC) transit times through the whole lung at various exercise intensities. We examined the relationship between mean whole lung red cell pulmonary transit times (cardiopulmonary transit times or CPTT) and different levels of flow in 88 healthy humans (76 males, 12 females) from several studies (mean age 31 years). The pooled data suggest that the relationship between CPTT and cardiac index (CI), beginning at rest and progressing through to maximum exercise demonstrates that CPTT reaches its minimum value when CI is about 8.1 l m2 x min(-1) (2.5-3 times the CI value at rest), and does not significantly change with further increases in CI. Cardiopulmonary blood volume (CPBV) index also does not change significantly until CI reaches 2.5 to 3 times the CI value at rest and then increases roughly linearly after that point. Consequently, the systematic increase in CPBV index with increasing pulmonary blood flow between 8.1 and 20 l m2 x min(-1) displays an adaptive response of the cardiopulmonary system by augmenting CPBV (and perhaps pulmonary capillary blood volume through distension and recruitment) to offset the reduction in CPTT, as no significant difference in mean CPTT is observed between these levels of flow (P > 0.05). Therefore, these data demonstrate that CPBV does not reach maximum capacity during strenuous or maximum exercise. This does not support the principle of quarter-power allometric scaling for flow when explaining modifications during exercise. Therefore, we speculate that the observed relationships between CPTT, CBPV index and flow may prevent mean CPTT (and perhaps mean pulmonary capillary transit times) from decreasing below the threshold time required for oxygenation.
Radio-frequency magnetron sputtering and wet thermal oxidation of ZnO thin film (2007)

The authors studied the growth and wet thermal oxidation (WTO) of ZnO thin films using a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique. X-ray diffraction reveals a preferred orientation of [101¯0]ZnO(0002)∕∕[112¯0]Al2O3(0002) coexisted with a small amount of ZnO (101¯1) and ZnO (101¯3) crystals on the Al2O3 (0001) substrate. The ZnO (101¯1) and ZnO (101¯3) crystals, as well as the in-plane preferred orientation, are absent from the growth of ZnO on the GaAs(001) substrate. WTO at 550 °C improves the crystalline and the photoluminescence more significantly than annealing in air, N2 and O2 ambient; it also tends to convert the crystal from ZnO (101¯1) and ZnO (101¯3) to ZnO (0002). The evolution of the photoluminescence upon WTO and annealing reveals that the green and orange emissions, centered at 520 and 650 nm, are likely originated from oxygen vacancies and oxygen interstitials, respectively; while the 420 nm emission, which is very sensitive to the postgrowth thermal processing regardless of the substrate and the ambient gas, is likely originated from the surface-state related defects.
Genetic diversity and evidence for acquired antimicrobial resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis at a large hospital in South India (2000)

This analysis suggests that the cases of tuberculosis in the sample are largely reactivation of long-standing infections and that the drug resistance among patients in CMCH is largely acquired or secondary rather than attributable to the spread of drug-resistant strains.
Arginyl-tRNA Synthetase from Baker's Yeast. Purification and Some Properties (1976)

Arginyl-tRNA synthetase from baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain 836) was obtained pure by a large-scale preparative method, which involves four chromatographic columns and one preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic step. The enzyme has a high specific activity (9000 U/mg) and consists of a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight approximately 73000 as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate. Amino acid analysis of the enzyme permitted calculation of the absorption coefficient of arginyl-tRNA synthetase (A(1 mg/ml 280 nm)=1.26). Concerning kinetic parameters of the enzyme we found the following Km values: 0.28 muM, 300 muM, 1.5 muM for tRNA(Arg III), ATP and arginine in the aminoacylation reaction, and 1400 muM, 2.5 muM, and 50 muM for ATP, arginine and PP(i) in the ATP-PP(i) exchange reaction. Arginyl-tRNA synthetase required tRNA(Arg III) to catalyse the ATP-PP(i) exchange reaction.
Mitotic activity in colorectal mucosa of healthy subjects in two Italian areas with different dietary habits (1993)

The proliferative activity was evaluated in colorectal biopsies of 39 healthy subjects living in two distinct geographical areas, Trieste in northern and Florence in central Italy. Subjects living in Trieste had a significantly higher mitotic activity compared with subjects living in Florence (mitoses/cells counted x 100 were 0.17 +/- 0.04 in Trieste and 0.089 +/- 0.02 in Florence). The results of a dietary questionnaire also showed that subjects in Trieste consumed significantly fewer starches, fibers, nitrites, and proteins. However, no correlation was evident between the consumption of these nutrients and intestinal proliferation.
Revisiting Alkoxysilane Assembly on Silica Surfaces: Grafting versus Homo-Condensation in Solution (2023)

Silica surface functionalization is often done through the condensation of functional silanes on silanols, silica surfaces' terminal groups. APTES, aminopropyltriethoxysilane, is widely used due to its assumed high reactivity with silanols, kinetically promoted by the catalytic action of the terminal amine function. Here, we revisit, based on a quantitative analysis by solid-state <sup>29</sup>Si NMR, the assembly of this silane on silica surfaces to investigate whether its presence results from grafting, i.e., hetero-condensation with silanol groups or from homo-condensation of silane molecules in solution leading to polycondensates physisorbed on silica. We investigate the interaction of APTES with a crystalline layered silicate, ilerite, and with amorphous nonporous silica. We also studied a second silane, cyanopropyltrichlorosilane (CPTCS), terminated with a nitrile group. Our results undoubtedly prove that while CPTCS is grafted on the silica surface, the presence of APTES on silica and silicate materials is only marginally associated with silanol consumption. The analysis of the signal related to silicon atoms from silanes (T<sup><i>n</i></sup> species) and those from silica (Q<sup><i>n</i></sup> species) allowed for the accurate estimation of the extent of homo-condensation vs grafting based on the ratio of T-O-T/Q-O-T siloxane bridges. These findings deeply question the well-established certainties on APTES assembly on silica that should no longer be seen as grafting of alkoxysilane by hetero-condensation with silanol groups but more accurately as a homo-condensed network of silanes, predominantly physisorbed on the surface but including some sparse anchoring points to the surface involving less than 6% of the overall silanol groups.
The Genetic Basis of Variation in Drug Metabolism and Toxicity (2019)

This chapter focuses on pharmacogenetics, genetic variation causing variability in drug response, more specifically on genetic variants influencing drug pharmacokinetics, and risk of side effects. Traditionally these are split into three categories; host factors, environmental factors, and genetic variation. The chapter focuses on the three major enzyme families relevant for drug metabolism, the Comparison of cytochrome P450 family 1, cytochrome P450 family 2, and cytochrome P450 family 3 families. Abacavir is an antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus and is generally well tolerated. Allopurinol is used in the treatment of gout as an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, a crucial enzyme in the formation of uric acid. While generally well tolerated, allopurinol provokes skin-related hypersensitivity reactions like those described for abacavir. The chapter discusses pharmacogenetic variants relevant for drug metabolism and toxicity. It is important to note that the frequency of genetic variants differs significantly between populations.
Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Preeclamptic Patients (2007)

Accurate estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with preeclampsia is often difficult or impossible to accomplish. In this study, the Cockcroft-Gault (CG), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), and MDRD2 formulas were evaluated for their accuracy in determining GFR in the setting of preeclampsia. The estimated GFR calculated from these formulas was compared with the creatinine clearance values obtained from a 24-hour urine collection in 209 preeclamptic patients recruited from five large hospitals. Additionally, a set of new equations that more accurately estimate GFR in preeclamptic patients based on ethnicity, preeclampsia GFR (PGFR), was created. Both the CG and MDRD formulas were inaccurate in predicting GFR in preeclamptic patients, and both were significantly less accurate than PGFR. In conclusion, current GFR estimation equations based on serum creatinine values in nonpregnant patients are not reliable measures of renal function in patients with preeclampsia. The use of a new (PGFR) formula is recommended.
Causal Erasure Channels (2013)

We consider the communication problem over binary causal adversarial erasure channels. Such a channel maps n input bits to n output symbols in {0,1, ∧}, where ∧ denotes erasure. The channel is causal if, for every i, the channel adversarially decides whether to erase the ith bit of its input based on inputs 1, …, i, before it observes bits i+1 to n. Such a channel is p-bounded if it can erase at most a p fraction of the input bits over the whole transmission duration. Causal channels provide a natural model for channels that obey basic physical restrictions but are otherwise unpredictable or highly variable. For a given erasure rate p, our goal is to understand the optimal rate (the “capacity”) at which a randomized encoder/decoder can transmit reliably across all causal p-bounded erasure channels. In this paper, we introduce the causal erasure model and provide new upper bounds (impossibility results) and lower bounds (analyses of codes) on the achievable rate. Our bounds separate the achievable rate in the causal erasures setting from the rates achievable in two related models: random erasure channels (strictly weaker) and fully adversarial erasure channels (strictly stronger). Specifically, we show: A strict separation between random and causal erasures for all constant erasure rates p ∊ (0,1). In particular, we show that the capacity of causal erasure channels is 0 for p ≥ 1/2 (while it is nonzero for random erasures). A strict separation between causal and fully adversarial erasures for p ∊ (0, φ) where φ ≈ 0.348. For p ∊ [φ, 1/2), we show codes for causal erasures that have higher rate than the best known constructions for fully adversarial channels. Our results contrast with existing results on correcting causal bit-flip errors (as opposed to erasures) [10, 9, 7, 4, 11]. For the separations we provide, the analogous separations for bit-flip models are either not known at all or much weaker.
Radiolucent lines in low-contact-stress mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty: a blinded and matched case control study (2011)

Our findings suggest that radiolucent lines, representing poor implant seat, about the tibial plateau are associated with knee pain in LCS patients. Radiolucencies are observed more often in noncemented LCS, and cementing the tibial plateau might improve implant seat and reduce both radiolucent lines and associated knee pain.