gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Nucleosome Occupancy Is Encoded at Human Regulatory Sequences (2010)

Active eukaryotic regulatory sites are characterized by open chromatin, and yeast promoters and transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) typically have low intrinsic nucleosome occupancy. Here, we show that in contrast to yeast, DNA at human promoters, enhancers, and TFBSs generally encodes high intrinsic nucleosome occupancy. In most cases we examined, these elements also have high experimentally measured nucleosome occupancy in vivo. These regions typically have high G+C content, which correlates positively with intrinsic nucleosome occupancy, and are depleted for nucleosome-excluding poly-A sequences. We propose that high nucleosome preference is directly encoded at regulatory sequences in the human genome to restrict access to regulatory information that will ultimately be utilized in only a subset of differentiated cells.
A Gender Gap in Autoimmunity (1999)

Relationship of Motor Impairment with Cognitive and Emotional Alterations in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis,
Energy-economic comparison of photovoltaic modules equipped with a layer of conventional and improved phase-change material (2014)

Cooling of photovoltaic devices leads to an increase in voltage, power output, and yield. However, an appropriate cooling measure is only beneficial if the additional costs are lower than the cumulated profit. For that reason an energy-economic analysis of a passive cooling measure based on phase-change materials was conducted. Measurement data from two photovoltaic modules each equipped with a phase-change material were studied. Related investigation considers the variation at the electricity spot market during the time of day, while additional PV power is being supplied in the forenoon - due to cooling. This becomes particularly interesting in electrical grids that already contain a considerable amount of (uncooled) PV (Germany as an example).
$C$-Band Noise-Parameter Measurement of Microwave Amplifiers Under Nonlinear Conditions (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A noise parameter measurement setup dedicated to microwave devices operating under large-signal conditions is presented in this paper. The method is based on the multiple impedance technique and the test set has been modified to include a pump generator. Appropriate low-pass filters are also present in order to avoid the saturation of the different measurement apparatus. The results obtained on two different amplifiers show a good accordance with experimental data extracted from residual phase noise measurements. This test set can thus be used to design low phase noise amplifiers. </para>
Lights and shadows (2009)

For Milano Salone 2008, the international furnishing accessories exhibition, WOW collaborated on Tokyo Wonder, a joint exhibition with Curiosity and Tonerico, and produced the installation Lights and Shadows. With its peculiar, refined scenic beauty, this exploration of the chaotic enchantment of a Tokyo night view is more a sensual than a cerebral experience.
Decreased defibrillator-induced dysfunction with biphasic rectangular waveforms (1984)

High-intensity electric shocks used for cardiac defibrillation produce arrhythmias, S-T segment changes, and a low percent success in situ. Cultured myocardial cells exhibit similar postshock arrhythmias that are caused by a prolonged depolarization of the cell membrane. Since this dysfunction is ameliorated by biphasic RLC-type waveforms, we examined rectangular biphasic waveforms to maximize this beneficial effect and clarify the dysfunction-inducing mechanism. Cultured myocardial cells were subjected to electric field stimulation with monophasic 5-ms rectangular waveforms of about 80 V/cm to produce a postshock arrest of contractile activity lasting 4 s. Shocks given with this control waveform were alternated with biphasic test waveforms having the same initial portion followed by negative "tails" 1-100 ms in duration and 5-100% of the initial positive portion in amplitude. Results from 31 biphasic waveforms demonstrated significant alterations in postshock dysfunction. Waveforms with up to 10% undershoot and ranging from 5 to 100 ms in duration decreased arrest time by up to 50%; waveforms with greater than 20% undershoot led to protracted postshock arrest times. These results strengthen the hypothesis that electromechanical breakdown of the myocardial cell membrane underlies postshock dysfunction and show that biphasic waveforms with low amplitude tails ameliorate this dysfunction.
An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms (1996)

Genetic algorithms have been used in science and engineering as adaptive algorithms for solving practical problems and as computational models of natural evolutionary systems. This brief, accessible introduction describes some of the most interesting research in the field and also enables readers to implement and experiment with genetic algorithms on their own. It focuses in depth on a small set of important and interesting topics—particularly in machine learning, scientific modeling, and artificial life—and reviews a broad span of research, including the work of Mitchell and her colleagues. The descriptions of applications and modeling projects stretch beyond the strict boundaries of computer science to include dynamical systems theory, game theory, molecular biology, ecology, evolutionary biology, and population genetics, underscoring the exciting "general purpose" nature of genetic algorithms as search methods that can be employed across disciplines. An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms is accessible to students and researchers in any scientific discipline. It includes many thought and computer exercises that build on and reinforce the reader's understanding of the text. The first chapter introduces genetic algorithms and their terminology and describes two provocative applications in detail. The second and third chapters look at the use of genetic algorithms in machine learning (computer programs, data analysis and prediction, neural networks) and in scientific models (interactions among learning, evolution, and culture; sexual selection; ecosystems; evolutionary activity). Several approaches to the theory of genetic algorithms are discussed in depth in the fourth chapter. The fifth chapter takes up implementation, and the last chapter poses some currently unanswered questions and surveys prospects for the future of evolutionary computation. Bradford Books imprint
Augmented reality to improve teleoperation of mobile robots (2011)

Abstract—In this article we want to discuss the skills required for human tele-operators of mobile robots. We show the classical problems related with teleoperation but focus our discussion in not specialized operators. We want to show how a proposal based on augmented reality interfaces can improve the performance of operators controlling the robot. We present the validation of our solution in two experiments: one in a controlled circuit and another one in a real environment. To carry out our experiments we use a low cost robotic surveillance platform.
A soft robotic actuator using dielectric minimum energy structures (2012)

Dielectric minimum energy structures are capable of large actuation stroke, and consist of a pre-stretched dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) laminated onto a flexible frame, which makes it easy to obtain both simple and complex shapes. We report here on the fabrication and characterization of a prototype capable of one-dimensional bending actuation. For the DEA, several combinations of ion-implanted PDMS membranes and uniaxial pre-stretch ratio were used. The actuator was characterized by measuring the deformation and output force vs. applied voltage. The results showed that the prototype is able to exhibit bending actuation in the range of around 60 deg. Additionally the initial deformation depends on fabrication parameters such as thickness of the materials, pre-stretch ratio as well as dose of implanted ions.
Development of hemiacetal esterified levofloxacin to prevent chelation with metal-containing drugs (2016)

This study suggests the benefit of ethoxycarbonyl 1-ethyl hemiacetal esterification of the carboxyl group of new quinolone as a prodrug which is able to avoid chelate formation.
Asynchronous Distributed Calibration for Scalable and Reconfigurable Multi-Projector Displays (2006)

Centralized techniques have been used until now when automatically calibrating (both geometrically and photometrically) large high-resolution displays created by tiling multiple projectors in a 2D array. A centralized server managed all the projectors and also the camera(s) used to calibrate the display. In this paper, we propose an asynchronous distributed calibration methodology via a display unit called the plug-and-play projector (PPP). The PPP consists of a projector, camera, computation and communication unit, thus creating a self-sufficient module that enables an asynchronous distributed architecture for multi-projector displays. We present a single-program-multiple-data (SPMD) calibration algorithm that runs on each PPP and achieves a truly scalable and reconfigurable display without any input from the user. It instruments novel capabilities like adding/removing PPPs from the display dynamically, detecting faults, and reshaping the display to a reasonable rectangular shape to react to the addition/removal/faults. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to realize a completely asynchronous and distributed calibration architecture and methodology for multi-projector displays.
Cloning and characterization of a novel haemolysin in Vibrio cholerae O1 that does not directly contribute to the virulence of the organism b bThe GenBank accession number for the sequence reported in this paper is AJ007495. (2002)

A previously undescribed haemolysin, distinct from the major Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor haemolysin, HlyA, was cloned from the O1 classical biotype strain Z17561. This novel haemolysin showed 71.5% overall similarity to the delta-thermostable direct haemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and so it has been termed V. cholerae delta-thermostable haemolysin (Vc-deltaTH, encoded by the dth gene). An ORF found immediately downstream, which appears to be transcriptionally and translationally linked to dth, displayed strong homology to the family of acyl-CoA synthetases. When expressed from an inducible promoter in Escherichia coli, Vc-deltaTH was shown to be a 22.8 kDa protein active on sheep red blood cells. Co-expression of acs with dth had no effect on the haemolytic activity or cytoplasmic localization of Vc-deltaTH. A V. cholerae Z17561 dth::Km(R) mutant showed unaltered behaviour in the infant mouse cholera model.
2 D ‐Infrared Spectroscopy (2011)

Abstract The basic concepts of 2D spectroscopy are summarized from both the theoretical and the experimental points of view. The Feynman diagram formalism is introduced and applied to calculate 2D spectra. Spectroscopic Hamiltonians are used to describe intramolecular couplings such as excitonic coupling and Fermi resonances, and to predict their appearance in a 2D spectrum. Furthermore, Kubo's lineshape theory is applied to 2D spectroscopy to explain dephasing in the presence of solvent fluctuations. Finally, various experimental realizations of 2D spectroscopy are discussed with their advantages and disadvantages.
A Self-Expanding Prostatic Stent for Bladder Outlet Obstruction in High Risk Patients (1993)

We describe the clinical experience with a self-expanding prostatic stent used in patients with bladder outlet obstruction and advanced comorbid medical illness. A Gianturco-Z stent was placed in 25 men, including 21 in urinary retention. Patients were followed clinically and with serial endoscopy. Mean age was 80.5 years (range 54 to 98). Mean followup was 10.1 months, with a longest followup of 24 months. Spontaneous voiding resumed in 20 of 21 patients (95%) with retention, with 16 of 21 (76%) demonstrating long-term success. Two patients failed due to stent migration within 1 month. Other complications were limited to minor stent incrustations in 2 cases, symptomatic urinary infections without fever in 2 and epididymitis occurring 15 months following stent placement in 1. No perioperative cardiovascular complications were encountered. Followup endoscopy revealed partial stent coverage by urothelium in 13 of 16 men at 1 month and greater than 90% coverage in 8 of 13 by 3 months. The high success rate with minimal morbidity observed suggests that prostatic stents may become the first-line therapy for the medically compromised man with bladder outlet obstruction.
Energy-aware competitive resource allocation in relay-assisted interference channels (2012)

The issue of non-cooperative, energy-efficient power control in a relay-assisted interference channel is tackled in this paper, based on a game-theoretic approach. A pricing-based utility function is considered, in which the price controls the trade-off between maximizing the achievable rate and saving as much battery power as possible. Unlike most previous related literature, not only the transmit power, but also the power dissipated in terminal's electronic circuitry to operate the device is taken into account. Relay matrix design is also carried out according to a zero-forcing approach. Uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium and global convergence of the best-response dynamics to the unique Nash equilibrium are shown for the newly proposed non-cooperative game. Finally, numerical results are provided to show the merits of the proposed algorithms.
Recent Advances in Cyclic Diacyl Peroxides: Reactivity and Selectivity Enhancement Brought by the Cyclic Structure (2017)

Preliminarily studies on cyclic diacyl peroxides have shown novel and superior reactivities compared with their acyclic diacyl peroxide counterparts in many reaction types. After summarizing the methods available for the preparation of cyclic diacyl peroxides and describing their structural features, this review brings together an overview of their reactivities with respect to oxidations and decarboxylations, and demonstrates the advantages of reactions with cyclic diacyl peroxides, which include metal-free, additive-free, milder conditions, higher yields and better selectivities. 1 Introduction 2 Methods of Preparation of Cyclic Diacyl Peroxides 3 Structures and Stabilities of Cyclic Diacyl Peroxides 4 Oxidation Reactions 4.1 Oxidative Additions to Alkenes 4.2 Oxidation Reactions of Heteroatoms 4.3 Oxidation Reactions of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds 4.4 Hydroxylations of Arenes 5 Decarboxylations 6 Conclusion
VMeter: Power modelling for virtualized clouds (2010)

Datacenters are seeing unprecedented growth in recent years. The energy requirements to operate these large scale facilities are increasing significantly both in terms of operation cost as well as their indirect impact on ecology due to high carbon emissions. There are several ongoing research efforts towards the development of an integrated cloud management system to provide comprehensive online monitoring of resource utilization along with the implementation of power-aware policies to reduce the total energy consumption. However, most of these techniques provide online power monitoring based on the power consumption of a physical node running one or more Virtual Machines (VM). They lack a fine-grained mechanism to profile the power of an individual hosted VM. In this work we present a novel power modelling technique, VMeter, based on online monitoring of system-resources having high correlation with the total power consumption. The monitored system sub-components include: CPU, cache, disk, and DRAM. The proposed model predicts instantaneous power consumption of an individual VM hosted on a physical node besides the full system power consumption. Our model is validated using computationally diverse and industry standard benchmark programs. Our evaluation results show that our model is able to predict instantaneous power with an average mean and median accuracy of 93% and 94%, respectively, against the actual measured power using an externally attached power meter.
Helicobacter pyloriinduces apoptosis of rat gastric parietal cells (2002)

Gastric Helicobacter pylori infection may lead to multifocal atrophic corpus gastritis associated with loss of epithelial cells as well as glandular structures. The current work investigated H. pylori effects on cell death of isolated, nontransformed rat parietal cells (PC). Highly enriched rat PC (>97%) were isolated from gastric mucosa and cultured in serum-free medium over 24 h. The cells were cocultured over 8 h with cytotoxin-associated immunodominant protein (cagA)(+)/vacuolating toxin (vacA)(+) or with cagA(-)/vacA(-) H. pylori laboratory strains and also with H. pylori mutants deleted in several genes of the cag pathogenicity island. Staphylococcus aureus or Campylobacter jejuni were used as controls. Apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining and electron microscopy. Interleukin (IL)-8 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1 secretion was measured by ELISA. Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) was studied in nuclear extracts of PC by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Apoptosis of PC was induced in a concentration- and time-dependent manner by cagA(+)/vacA(+) H. pylori strains but not by cagA(-)/vacA(-) negative strains or by the cagE knockout mutant. S. aureus and C. jejuni had no effect. PC showed no IL-8 or CINC-1 secretion on exposure to cagA(+)/vacA(+) H. pylori. cagA(+)/vacA(+) strains induced activation of NF-kappaB complexes in nuclear extracts of PC, which were composed of p65 and p50 subunits. No significant stimulation of NF-kappaB activation was detected by incubation of PC with the cagE knockout mutant. Preincubation of PC with antisense but not missense oligodeoxynucleotides against the p65 subunit significantly reduced DNA binding to the kappaB recognition sequence. The p65 oligonucleotides as well as the proteasome inhibitor N-CBZ-isoleucin-glutamin-(o-t-butyl-)-alanin-leucin and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine completely prevented PC apoptosis induced by cagA(+)/vacA(+) strains. In summary, cagE presence appears to be essential for H. pylori-induced apoptosis of gastric parietal cells, and this effect is dependent on the activation of NF-kappaB and production of nitric oxide.
Vers des armes biologiques de nouvelle génération (2005)

Résumé Les progrès des biotechnologies permettent d’« améliorer » la virulence et la résistance des germes, bactéries ou virus. On a réussi à synthétiser in vitro des petits virus à partir des données informatiques des génomes des agents pathogènes : la synthèse de virus plus dangereux devient possible. Des avancées biotechnologiques récentes permettent la création de germes nouveaux, qui confronteraient les populations à des agents pathogènes inédits. La prévention des attaques suppose une surveillance étroite des innovations biotechnologiques potentiellement dangereuses, et une réflexion sur la diffusion des données les plus sensibles.
Sound source segregation of multiple concurrent talkers via Short-Time Target Cancellation (2018)

The Short-Time Target Cancellation (STTC) algorithm, developed as part of this dissertation research, is a “Cocktail Party Problem” processor that can boost speech intelligibility for a target talker from a specified “look” direction, while suppressing the intelligibility of competing talkers. The algorithm holds promise for both automatic speech recognition and assistive listening device applications. The STTC algorithm operates on a frame-by-frame basis, leverages the computational efficiency of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and is designed to run in real time. Notably, performance in objective measures of speech intelligibility and sound source segregation is comparable to that of the Ideal Binary Mask (IBM) and Ideal Ratio Mask (IRM). Because the STTC algorithm computes a time-frequency mask that can be applied independently to both the left and right signals, binaural cues for spatial hearing, including Interaural Time Differences (ITDs), Interaural Level Differences (ILDs) and spectral cues, can be preserved in potential hearing aid applications. A minimalist design for a proposed STTC Assistive Listening Device (ALD), consisting of six microphones embedded in the frame of a pair of eyeglasses, is presented and evaluated using virtual room acoustics and both objective and behavioral measures. The results suggest that the proposed STTC ALD can provide a significant speech intelligibility benefit in complex auditory scenes comprised of multiple spatially separated talkers.
Integrated Tunable Quantum-Dot Laser for Optical Coherence Tomography in the 1.7 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula> Wavelength Region (2011)

In this paper, we present the design and characterization of a monolithically integrated tunable laser for optical coherence tomography in medicine. This laser is the first monolithic photonic integrated circuit containing quantum-dot amplifiers, phase modulators, and passive components. We demonstrate electro-optical tuning capabilities over 60 nm between 1685 and 1745 nm, which is the largest tuning range demonstrated for an arrayed waveguide grating controlled tunable laser. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the active-passive integration technology designed for the 1550 nm telecom wavelength region can also be used in the 1600-1800 nm region. The tunable laser has a 0.11 nm effective linewidth and an approximately 0.1 mW output power. Scanning capabilities of the laser are demonstrated in a free space Michelson interferometer setup where the laser is scanned over the 60 nm in 4000 steps with a 500 Hz scan frequency. Switching between two wavelengths within this 60 nm range is demonstrated to be possible within 500 ns.
Oxidants increase intracellular free Zn2+ concentration in rabbit ventricular myocytes (1997)

Oxidative stress may alter cardiac function by affecting intracellular free Zn2+ concentrations ([Zn2+]i). Rabbit ventricular myocytes loaded with fura 2 were used to fluorometrically measure resting [Zn2+]i (0.23 +/- 0.03 nM) and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) (36 +/- 7 nM). Fluorescence quenching by the heavy metal chelator N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine was used to quantitate [Zn2+]i. The thiol-reactive oxidants hypochlorous acid (0.1 mM) and selenite (1 mM) increased [Zn2+]i to 7.7 +/- 1.7 and 6.1 +/- 1.7 nM, respectively, within 5 min. Dithiothreitol (0.5 mM), a disulfide-reducing agent, rapidly restored normal [Zn2+]i. The oxidants did not affect [Ca2+]i. However, depolarization-induced Ca2+ transients and Ca2+ currents were zinc dependent. [Zn2+]i-associated fluorescence was substantial and, if ignored, it led to overestimation of [Ca2+]i by approximately twofold before oxidant treatment and by approximately eightfold after oxidants. The results demonstrate that [Zn2+]i 1) can be greatly increased by thiol-reactive oxidants; 2) may contribute to oxidant-induced alterations of excitation-contraction coupling; and 3) has strong fura 2 fluorescence which, if overlooked, can lead to significant overestimation of [Ca2+]i.