gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Usability Evaluation in Virtual Environments: Classification and Comparison of Methods (2001)

Virtual environments (VEs) are a relatively new type of human-computer interface in which users perceive and act in a three-dimensional world. The designers of such systems cannot rely solely on design guidelines for traditional two-dimensional interfaces, so usability evaluation is crucial for VEs. We present an overview of VE usability evaluation. First, we discuss some of the issues that differentiate VE usability evaluation from evaluation of traditional user interfaces such as GUIs. We also present a review of VE evaluation methods currently in use, and discuss a simple classification space for VE usability evaluation methods. This classification space provides a structured means for comparing evaluation methods according to three key characteristics: involvement of representative users, context of evaluation, and types of results produced. To illustrate these concepts, we compare two existing evaluation approaches: testbed evaluation [Bowman, Johnson, & Hodges, 1999], and sequential evaluation [Gabbard, Hix, & Swan, 1999]. We conclude by presenting novel ways to effectively link these two approaches to VE usability evaluation.
Diimide formation on rhodium surfaces: a temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy study (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiimide formation on rhodium surfaces: a temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy studyJagdish Prasad and John L. GlandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5, 1577–1579Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00005a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00005a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low density separation as a stopping criterion for active learning SVM (2015)

A new stopping criterion for active learning SVM is proposed. It takes advantage of the low density separation idea, which is extensively used in semi-supervised learning and unsupervised learning methods. When the separating hyperplane of an active learning SVM (ALSVM) lies in a sparse region in t he feature space, its generalization error is expected to have reached a local minimum, and active learning can stop in such circumstances. An improved Normalized Cut algorithm, Stochastic Search Normalized Cut (SSNcut), is employed for measuring whether SVM's separating hyperplane lies in a low density region. In each active learning iteration, the label vector predicted by SVM is compared with that obtained from SSNcut. If these two label vectors are very similar to each other, the SVM's separating hyperplane can be considered as lying in a sparse region. When calculating these label vectors, only points that are nearest to the current separating hyperplane of ALSVM are considered. This makes Normalized Cut less likely to be influenced by outliers. Experiments show that the proposed stopping criterion strikes a good balance between generalization performance and label cost.
Recurrent supramolecular motifs in discrete complexes and coordination polymers based on mercury halides: prevalence of chelate ring stacking and substituent effects (2018)

We report the synthesis, X-ray characterization and DFT study of five Hg(<sc>ii</sc>) complexes with Schiff bases containing a nicotinohydrazide core to explore the formation of chelate-ring π-stacking interactions.
Ultra-high four wave mixing efficiency in slot waveguides with silicon nanocrystals (2011)

We report on wavelength conversion through four-wave-mixing in silicon slot-waveguides with embedded silicon nanocrystals. The combination of strong optical confinement and Si:nc nonlinearity provides a huge waveguide nonlinear coefficient γ = 1100 W−1m−1. Moreover, the improvement in the fabrication procedure allowed a loss reduction with respect to previous reported structures, enabling the achievement of an extreme value for the conversion efficiency which represents the best result ever reported in the scientific literature.
Natural linearization for the identification of nonlinear heat transfer laws (2005)

A fast algorithm for numerical identification of nonlinear heat transfer laws based on a natural linearization of the corresponding inverse problem is introduced. Its theoretical background is discussed, and the numerical tests show that it is suitable for problems with perturbed data. The proposed approach can be also used for other parameter identification problems, where one wants to recover an unknown nonlinear parameter β ( u ) from distributed noisy observations of the state u .
Validation of Existing GNSS Multipath Model (2017)

When navigating on the airport surface, aircraft ground position and ground velocity can be estimated using a large variety of sensors, such as Global Navigation Satellite System, Inertial Navigation System, Wheel Speed Sensors and others. The largest contributing sensor is the GNSS, but measurements from this sensor are affected by signal blockage and multipath. In [Che10], a GNSS multipath simulator for airport navigation has been proposed. In this multipath simulator, up to now, a far-field aircraft+antenna radiation pattern has been used. It has been obtained from measurements at L1 frequency on one scaled aircraft. This means that for different antennas and aircraft, the range errors predicted by the simulator may lose validity. Moreover, the validation of this multipath algorithm has not been fully assessed. The antenna gain pattern used under the multipath simulator is first improved. To do so, a GPS L1 antenna combined with the aircraft structure of the Airbus aircraft family are simulated with an electromagnetic commercial software. For each antenna and aircraft model, the analysis relies on simulations with the electromagnetic software Feko and comparisons. These comparisons show that the different aircraft models have a similar far field gain pattern in accordance with the measurements. Then we propose a validation of the GPS multipath simulator for GPS L1 C/A signals. This is achieved through the comparison of simulated multipath errors with the multipath errors estimated from real data measurements. The extraction is obtained by means of a Code Minus Carrier (CMC) algorithm coming from a previous AIRBUS/ENAC collaboration in 2012. A number of 52 flights are considered for this validation. By comparing the L1 C/A multipath error variances on a restricted area of Blagnac airport for an elevation bin, we may assess such validation.
Molecular Modeling Correctly Predicts the Functional Importance of Phe594 in Transmembrane Helix 11 of the Multidrug Resistance Protein, MRP1 (ABCC1) (2003)

The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1), confers resistance to a broad range of anti-cancer agents and transports a variety of organic anions. At present, essentially no structural data exists for MRP1 that might be used to elucidate its mechanism of transport. Consequently, we have applied a modeling strategy incorporating crystal and indirect structural data from other ABC transporters to construct a model of the transmembrane domains of the core region of MRP1 that includes the amino acid side chains. Three conserved Trp residues and one non-conserved Tyr residue, shown previously to be of functional importance (Koike, K., Oleschuk, C. J., Haimeur, A., Olsen, S. L., Deeley, R. G., and Cole, S. P. C. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 49495-49503), were found to line the "pore" in our model proximal to the membrane cytosol interface. A fifth aromatic residue (Phe594) was identified that, with the Trp and Tyr residues, completed a ring or "basket" of aromatic amino acids and, accordingly, we postulated that it would also be of functional importance. To test this idea, MRP1-Phe594 mutants were expressed in human embryonic kidney cells, and their properties were examined using membrane vesicles. Substitution of Phe594 with Ala substantially reduced or eliminated the transport of five organic anion substrates by MRP1 and abrogated the binding of leukotriene C4. On the other hand, the conservatively substituted F594W and F594Y mutants remained transport competent, although significant substrate- and substitution-specific changes were observed. These studies provide some structural insight into a possible substrate binding/transport site of MRP1 at the beginning of a putative substrate translocation pathway and demonstrate the usefulness of modeling for directing structure-function analyses of this transporter.
Specific CD8 T Cells in IgE-mediated Allergy Correlate with Allergen Dose and Allergic Phenotype (2009)

Allergen-specific CD8(+) T cells seem to protect from allergic inflammation in the lungs. Their number, which is dependent on the sensitization dose, appears to be a critical predictor for the severity of the allergic phenotype.
Modeling alveolar barrier disruption in vitro for sepsis-induced ARDS preclinical studies (2020)

Disruption of the alveolar barrier is one of the main features of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a devastating disease with no pharmacological treatments available at present. Sepsis is also a common risk factor for the development of ARDS, associated with 30% of the cases. During sepsis, hemolysis takes place, leading to the release of haemoglobin and heme in the bloodstream, which have been shown to contritube to cytotoxicity and inflammation. We aimed to develop an in vitro alveolar barrier disruption model that mimics some of the sepsis-induced ARDS main characteristics. For this purpose, epithelial and endothelial co-cultures on an in vitro micro-physiological system (MPS) were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hemin (i.e. the oxidized form of heme) and the effects on barrier disruption and inflammation were investigated. Hemin led to barrier disruption (&gt;90% transbarrier resistance reduction) regardless of the presence of LPS or Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs). This was accompanied by an increase in the gene expression of Heme Oxygenase – 1 (&gt; 80-fold) and endothelial damage, indicated by disruption of the cell layers. LPS treatment increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (IL-8, TNF-α and IL1-β) in PBMCs. Hemin combined with LPS also induced pro-inflammatory responses but to a lower extent. In conclusion, our human alveolar barrier disruption model appears to be appropriate to study heme-induced toxicity and inflammation and thus may be a relevant tool for preclinical drug testing.
Effect of the presence of moisture at the wheel–rail interface during dew and damp conditions (2017)

Incidents involving low levels of adhesion between the wheel and rail are a recurrent issue in the rail industry. The problem has been mitigated using friction modifiers and traction enhancers, but a significant number of incidents still occur throughout the year. This study looks at the environmental conditions that surround periods of low adhesion in order to provide an insight into why low adhesion events occur. Network Rail Autumn data, which provided details on the time and location of low adhesion incidents, were compared against weather data on a national and then local scale. Low adhesion incidents have often been attributed to contamination on the rails, such as organic leaf matter, but these incidents also occur when no contamination is visible. The time, date and location of incidents were linked to local weather data to establish any specific weather conditions that could lead to these events. The effects of precipitation, temperature and humidity on rails were analysed in order to further the understanding of low adhesion in the wheel–rail contact, which will lead to adopting better methods of mitigating this problem.
Role of aromatase inhibitors in advanced breast cancer. (1999)

A number of potent and selective non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors are now available for treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women, of which anastrozole and letrozole, in particular, represent a significant advantage over the earlier agents in terms of both efficacy and tolerability. These agents are rapidly becoming established as the second-line therapy of choice in postmenopausal women with advanced disease, progressing on tamoxifen, and data on their efficacy as first-line treatment compared with tamoxifen will be available in the near future. Exemestane, a new, steroidal aromatase inhibitor which potentially lacks cross-resistance with non-steroidal agents is still in clinical development. The full potential of the new-generation aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer is currently being investigated in a large program of clinical trials evaluating their use as adjuvant treatment following surgery in postmenopausal patients with early disease.
Yarn Spun by Different Methods from Blends of Wool/Cotton and Wool/Polyester (1985)

The scoured wool stock used in this study was mechanically cleaned and shortened by a carding cleaner machine developed at the SRRC. Wool/cotton and wool/polyester blends of 50/50 ratio were successfully processed into different types of spun yarns. The spinning methods were ring, ring yam with nylon filament wrap, ring yam with nylon filament core, Sirospun, Sirospun with nylon filament wrap, Sirospun with nylon filament core, Coverspun, Coverspun with nylon core, worsted, and friction (DREF-3) spinning. Mechanical processing procedures of the blends are outlined and discussed. Pertinent yam properties are also presented and compared. We conclude that the Coverspun technique produces the highest quality yarn, followed by ring, worsted, and friction spinning.
Selective One-PotN-Monomethylation of 2-Nitroanilines Under Ptc Conditions (2000)

Abstract Direct PTC methylation of 2-nitroanilines with dimethyl sulfate gave selectively N-monomethylated products. A variety of N-methyl-2-nitroanilines were prepared in this way.
Public Channel Cryptography by Synchronization of Neural Networks and Chaotic Maps (2003)

Two different kinds of synchronization have been applied to cryptography: synchronization of chaotic maps by one common external signal and synchronization of neural networks by mutual learning. By combining these two mechanisms, where the external signal to the chaotic maps is synchronized by the nets, we construct a hybrid network which allows a secure generation of secret encryption keys over a public channel. The security with respect to attacks, recently proposed by Shamir et al., is increased by chaotic synchronization.
A perceptual based dead-zone adjustment algorithm for H.264 (2005)

A new adaptive dead-zone adjustment algorithm has been developed, based on the human visual model, for H.264 video coding. In this paper, the proposed scheme utilizes rate-distortion (RD) optimization technology to adaptively adjust the dead-zone size. Also, incorporation of the human visual system model into the RD cost computation improves the performance. Compared with the H.264 reference coder, the proposed algorithm can efficiently improve the subjective viewing quality and reduce the bit rate by 10% on average.
Evidence of trepanation in Late Iron Age Switzerland (420–240BC) (2014)

In Europe the procedure of trepanation is known since the Neolithic and is still practiced today in East African native tribes. Trepanation is the oldest known surgical intervention and is defined as the intentional penetration of the cranial vault with removal of piece of a skull bone. Therefore, it is believed that neurosurgery is one of the world’s oldest professions. In this study two skulls with lesions from the Late Iron Age cemetery of Munsingen (420–240 BC), Switzerland, are presented. Aim of the study was to analyse the lesions and to assess whether they were caused by surgical interventions. Sex and age of the individuals were determined by current morphologic-anthropological methods. Radiological examinations were performed with a multislice CT-scanner. Different trepanation methods and signs of healing are discussed. In Switzerland about 33 skulls with possible trepanations dating from Neolithic to medieval times are known and are presented in a short review.
Studies of ancient surgical interventions provide important information of pre- and early historic populations. Trepanations of the skull such as the presented cases prove a profound understanding of the human body in ancient times.
Possible Role of Streptococcus pyogenes in Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome. XV. Potential Utility of Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin Toxoid for the Prophylaxis and Treatment of MCLS (1992)

Mice made tolerant to streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE) by neonatal inoculation with SPE emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant demonstrated early thrombocytopenia followed by thrombocytosis. This state is the perfect counterpart of patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS). We have hypothesized that by inducing tolerance to SPE, the biological activities of the toxin might play leading roles in the pathogenesis of MCLS. In the present investigations, the efficacy of SPE on the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (including MCLS) were monitored using the murine model system accompanied with a platelet-counting technique. The mice, rendered tolerant due to neonatal SPE inoculation and followed by immunization with SPE toxoid about 1 month prior to the provocative injections with SPE, demonstrated an almost complete lack of response to the provocation, keeping platelet counts within the normal range of values (except for a marginally significant thrombocytosis 7 days postprovocation). Moreover, anti-SPE titers of the sera from the mice sacrificed on day 35, at which point the observation was terminated, were proved to be markedly elevated when compared with controls. These findings seem to suggest that immunization with the toxoid could overcome tolerance, resulting in the production of an antitoxin. In a second experiment that examined the effect of administration with rabbit antiserum raised against the toxoid, the antiserum-treated mice demonstrated a transitory thrombocytosis on 7 days postprovocation with SPE, followed by an abrupt decrease in the number of platelets from day 10 onward.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Samarium Doped KMgF<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles (2011)

In this paper we report the results from characterization and optical measurements on samarium doped KMgF 3 nanoparticles. Photoluminescence (PL) is observed that can be attributed to Sm 2+ and Sm 3+ . The Sm 2+ temperature dependent PL lifetime data can be interpreted in terms of back transfer from the 5 D 0 level to the lowest 5d level followed by non-radiative decay from the 5d level.
Soft Inflatable Robots for Safe Physical Human Interaction (2013)

Robots that can operate in human environments in a safe and robust manner would be of great benefit to society, due to their immense potential for providing assistance to humans. However, robots have seen limited application outside of the industrial setting in environments such as homes and hospitals. We believe a very important factor preventing the cross over of robotic technology from the factory to the house is the issue of safety. The safety issue is usually bypassed in the industrial setting by separation of human and robot workspaces. Such a solution is clearly infeasible for robots that provide assistance to humans. This thesis aims to develop intrinsically safe robots that are suitable for providing assistance to humans. We believe intrinsic safety is important in physical human robot interaction because unintended interactions will occur between humans and robots due to: (a) sharing of workspace, (b) hardware failure (computer crashes, actuator failures), (c) limitations on perception, and (d) limitations on cognition. When such unintended interactions are very fast (collisions), they are beyond the bandwidth limits of practical controllers and only the intrinsic safety characteristics of the system govern the interaction forces that occur. The effects of such interactions with traditional robots could range from persistent discomfort to bone fracture to even serious injuries. Therefore robots that serve in the application domain of human assistance should be able to function with a high tolerance for unintended interactions. This calls for a new design paradigm where operational safety is the primary concern and task accuracy/precision though important are secondary. In this thesis, we address this new design paradigm by developing robots that have a soft inflatable structure, i.e, inflatable robots. Inflatable robots can improve intrinsic safety characteristics by being extremely lightweight and by including surface compliance (due to the compressibility of air) as well as distributed structural compliance (due to the lower Young’s modulus of the materials used) in the structure. This results in a lower effective inertia during collisions which implies a lower impact force between the inflatable robot and human. Inflatable robots can essentially be manufactured like clothes and can therefore also potentially lower the cost of robots to an extent where personal robots can be an affordable reality. In this thesis, we present a number of inflatable robot prototypes to address challenges in the area of design and control of such systems. Specific areas addressed are: structural and joint design, payload capacity, pneumatic actuation, state estimation and control. The CMU inflatable arm is used in tasks like wiping and feeding a human to successfully demonstrate the use of inflatable robots for tasks involving close physical human interaction.
Central Airway Obstruction Masquerading as Difficult-to-Treat Asthma (2009)

Asthma masqueraders include several conditions that may confound a correct diagnosis of asthma. A careful clinical examination, high index of suspicion, and appropriate analysis of spirometry are essential for the appropriate diagnosis and management of asthma. If there is no improvement after appropriate treatment, further evaluation should be performed.