gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrothermal Large-Signal Model of III–V FETs Including Frequency Dispersion and Charge Conservation (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> An empirical large-signal III–V field-effect transistor (FET) model has been developed. Three improved drain-source current (<emphasis emphasistype="bold"><emphasis emphasistype="italic">I</emphasis></emphasis>–<emphasis emphasistype="bold"><emphasis emphasistype="italic">V</emphasis></emphasis>) modeling equations capable of representing arbitrarily shaped transconductance (<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$G_m$</tex></formula>) curves are proposed from level-1 to level-3. These models are characterized by the static dc and the multibias pulsed <emphasis emphasistype="bold"><emphasis emphasistype="italic">I</emphasis></emphasis>–<emphasis emphasistype="bold"><emphasis emphasistype="italic">V</emphasis></emphasis> measurements along with their dependences on temperature, so as to account for the frequency dispersion and the self-heating effects. By partitioning the <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$G_m$</tex></formula> plots into five regions, specific parameters of the various model levels can be directly associated with the regions. Besides, the fitting parameters have inherent consistent definitions among different model levels, where some of the key model parameters can be extracted directly from measurements. For the gate-charge formulation (<emphasis emphasistype="bold"><emphasis emphasistype="italic">Q</emphasis></emphasis>–<emphasis emphasistype="bold"><emphasis emphasistype="italic">V</emphasis></emphasis>), a novel charge-conservative gate charge model is presented to accurately trace the nonlinear gate–source (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$C_{\rm gs}$</tex></formula>) and gate–drain (<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$C_{\rm gd}$</tex></formula>) capacitance values. The comprehensive large-signal model is then validated by comparing the predicted <emphasis emphasistype="bold"><emphasis emphasistype="italic">I</emphasis></emphasis>–<emphasis emphasistype="bold"><emphasis emphasistype="italic">V</emphasis></emphasis>, <emphasis emphasistype="bold"><emphasis emphasistype="italic">C</emphasis></emphasis>–<emphasis emphasistype="bold"><emphasis emphasistype="italic">V</emphasis></emphasis>, <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$S$</tex></formula>-parameters as well as power characteristics with the measured results of III–V FETs. </para>
Band gap tunability of magneto-elastic phononic crystal (2012)

The possibility of control and tuning of the band structures of phononic crystals offered by the introduction of an active magnetoelastic material and the application of an external magnetic field is studied. Two means to obtain large elastic properties variations in magnetoelastic material are considered: Giant magnetostriction and spin reorientation transition effects. A plane wave expansion method is used to calculate the band structures. The magnetoelastic coupling is taken into account through the consideration of an equivalent piezomagnetic material model with elastic, piezomagnetic, and magnetic permeability tensors varying as a function of the amplitude and orientation of the applied magnetic field. Results of contactless tunability of the absolute bandgap are presented for a two-dimensional phononic crystal constituted of Terfenol-D square rod embedded in an epoxy matrix.
Manganese‐Corrole Complexes as Versatile Catalysts for the Ring‐Opening Homo‐ and Co‐Polymerization of Epoxide (2014)

Manganese-corrole complexes in combination with a co-catalyst [PPN]X ([PPN](+)=bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)iminium) were found to be new versatile catalysts for the polymerization of epoxides, copolymerization of epoxides with CO2, and copolymerization of epoxides with cyclic anhydrides affording a wide range of polymeric materials. This work should allow the synthesis of new types of improved innovative (co)polymers with original properties and would clearly increase the number of applications for polyesters, polycarbonates, and polyethers.
140 Carrier, 20GHz SCM Signal Transmission across 200km SMF by Two-step Sideband Suppression Scheme in Optical SSB Modulation (2007)

We propose a two-step sideband suppression scheme to realize enhanced optical SSB generation. 140 carrier, super wideband (8 GHz to 20 GHz) SCM transmission across 200 km of SMF is demonstrated. The scheme achieves high sideband suppression ratios.
Microstructural Evolution and Carbon Partitioning in Interstitial Free Weld Simulated API 5L X60 Steel (2019)

Abstract The microstructural characterizations and partitioning of carbon element in the weld heat affected zones of a commercial API 5L X60 line pipe steel were studied by applying a high speed heating and cooling dilatometry technique in the present research work. The hollow cylindrical specimens were quickly heated to 1000°C, soaked for only 5 s followed by continuous cooling to ambient temperature. Besides the construction of CCT diagram of this high strength low alloy steel using the dilatation data, the hardening response, microstructural features and carbon partitioning of weld simulated specimens were investigated. The obtained results showed that the hardening response of samples increased from 142 to 261 HV 10 kg with increasing cooling rates. These hardening variations were attributed to the changes in microstructural features and carbon partitioning that occurred between the microconstituents present in the microstructures of weld simulated samples.
Renal Pathology in Owl Monkeys in Plasmodium falciparum Vaccine Trials (1990)

Renal specimens of 16 owl monkeys (Aotus vociferans) were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry during a vaccine trial with recombinant proteins of the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA) of Plasmodium falciparum. Deposition of IgG, C3, and P. falciparum antigens in the mesangium was demonstrated by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) method. A relationship between the severity of parasitemia at the time of death and the presence of nephropathy was not apparent.
Preparation of substituted network polysilanes by a disproportionation reaction of alkoxydisilanes in the presence of alkoxysilanes (1996)

Network methylethoxypolysilanes containing various substituents such as hexyl, phenyl, ethylene, hexamethylene, phenylene, and thiophene groups were prepared by a disproportionation reaction of 1,1,2,2-tetraethoxy-1,2-dimethyldisilane in the presence of the corresponding substituted alkoxysilanes. The reaction was considered to proceed via a silyl anion mechanism. The silyl anion produced from a disilane or a higher homologue attacked the alkoxysilane, and that caused the alkoxysilane moiety to be introduced into the polysilane. The amount of incorporated substituents varied from 3 to 29% of all organic substituents, depending on which alkoxysilane was reacted. The electrical conductivities of some polysilanes were measured, and the polymer with thiophene groups was found to show relatively higher conductivity of 10−5 Scm−1 after iodine doping. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Authentication of quantum messages (2003)

Authentication is a well-studied area of classical cryptography: a sender A and a receiver B sharing a classical secret key want to exchange a classical message with the guarantee that the message has not been modified or replaced by a dishonest party with control of the communication line. In this paper we study the authentication of messages composed of quantum states. We give a formal definition of authentication in the quantum setting. Assuming A and B have access to an insecure quantum channel and share a secret, classical random key, we provide a non-interactive scheme that enables A to both encrypt and authenticate an m qubit message by encoding it into m+s qubits, where the error probability decreases exponentially in the security parameter s. The scheme requires a secret key of size 2m+O(s). To achieve this, we give a highly efficient protocol for testing the purity of shared EPR pairs. It has long been known that learning information about a general quantum state will necessarily disturb it. We refine this result to show that such a disturbance can be done with few side effects, allowing it to circumvent cryptographic protections. Consequently, any scheme to authenticate quantum messages must also encrypt them. In contrast, no such constraint exists classically. This reasoning has two important consequences: It allows us to give a lower bound of 2m key bits for authenticating m qubits, which makes our protocol asymptotically optimal. Moreover, we use it to show that digitally signing quantum states is impossible.
HYPOCHOLESTEROLAEMIA AND ABNORMAL HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (1985)

Plasma lipid and lipoprotein patterns were determined in 54 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The patients were divided into four groups, on the basis of the treatment that was being administered (gold, penicillamine, hydroxychloroquine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Plasma cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in all groups. The reduced plasma cholesterol level was a result of 26% and 36% reductions in low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), respectively. Very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced only in the group receiving hydroxychloroquine, and this was associated with decreased plasma triglycerides in this group. Plasma apolipoprotein (apo) B, the LDL protein moiety, demonstrated a pattern similar to that shown for LDL cholesterol. Plasma apo A-I, the major HDL protein, was, however, in the normal range, suggesting an abnormal HDL fraction. Even though reduced HDL cholesterol was found in RA patients, the HDL/LDL ratio was normal and the apo A-I/apo B ratio was increased, suggesting that these patients are not at increased risk for atherosclerosis.
Theoretical Framework for Design for Dynamic User Preferences (2020)

Abstract A key assumption of new product development is that user requirements and related preferences do not vary on time scales of the process length. However, prior work has identified cases in which user preferences for product attributes can vary with time. This study proposes a method, Design for Dynamic User Preferences, which adapts reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms for designing physical systems whose functionality changes with user feedback. An illustrative case comprised of the design of a variable stiffness prosthetic ankle is presented to evaluate the potential usefulness of the framework. Lifetime user satisfaction for static and dynamic design strategies are compared over simulated user preferences under a number of conditions. Results suggest RL-based strategies outperform static strategies for cases with dynamic user preferences despite significantly less initial information. Within RL methods, upper-confidence bound policies led to higher user satisfaction on average. This study suggests that further investigation into RL-based design strategies is warranted for situations with possibly dynamic preferences.
Unusually Low Levels of Genetic Variation among Giardia lamblia Isolates (2007)

Giardia lamblia, an intestinal pathogen of mammals, including humans, is a significant cause of diarrheal disease around the world. Additionally, the parasite is found on a lineage which separated early from the main branch in eukaryotic evolution. The extent of genetic diversity among G. lamblia isolates is insufficiently understood, but this knowledge is a prerequisite to better understand the role of parasite variation in disease etiology and to examine the evolution of mechanisms of genetic exchange among eukaryotes. Intraisolate genetic variation in G. lamblia has never been estimated, and previous studies on interisolate genetic variation have included a limited sample of loci. Here we report a population genetics study of intra- and interisolate genetic diversity based on six coding and four noncoding regions from nine G. lamblia isolates. Our results indicate exceedingly low levels of genetic variation in two out of three G. lamblia groups that infect humans; this variation is sufficient to allow identification of isolate-specific markers. Low genetic diversity at both coding and noncoding regions, with an overall bias towards synonymous substitutions, was discovered. Surprisingly, we found a dichotomous haplotype structure in the third, more variable G. lamblia group, represented by a haplotype shared with one of the homogenous groups and an additional group-specific haplotype. We propose that the distinct patterns of genetic-variation distribution among lineages are a consequence of the presence of genetic exchange. More broadly, our findings have implications for the regulation of gene expression, as well as the mode of reproduction in the parasite.
ChemInform Abstract: CONTROL OF METAL‐CATALYZED REACTIONS. PART V. LIGAND AND CO‐CATALYZED CO‐OLIGOMERIZATION OF BUTADIENE WITH KETONES AND AMINES OR PHENOL (1978)

Abstract Das Verhalten des Fünfkomponentengemisches Butadien/Acetophenon/Morpholin/ Nickel/Ligand (Molverhältnis 70:35:35: 1:1) wird untersucht; je nach Ligand entstehen als Hauptprodukte verschiedenartige 2: l‐Mischoligomere (I), (II) bzw. (III).
Hemodynamic Differences in Intracranial Aneurysms before and after Rupture (2015)

Hemodynamic characteristics of intracranial aneurysms can be altered by geometric changes before, during, or just after rupture. Associations of hemodynamic characteristics with aneurysm rupture obtained from case-control studies comparing ruptured with unruptured aneurysms should therefore be interpreted with caution.
<title>Poly(p-phenyleneacetylene)-based light-emitting diodes</title> (1993)

A study of poly(p-phenyleneacetylene) (PPA)-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is described and discussed. The LEDs were fabricated by spin-coating the indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate with the 2,5-dibutoxy or 2,5-dihexoxy derivative of PPA dissolved in toluene, followed by evaporation of a layer of Ca and Al or Al only on the polymer. As the spin- coating, drying, and operation of the diodes was performed in air with no heat sink, the Ca/Al devices degraded within a few minutes at room temperature, but were stable in a He ambient at low temperatures. However, it was noted that baking the diodes coated with an Al layer for 2 - 6 hours at 150 degree(s)C in a flow of dry N<SUB>2</SUB> markedly increased their performance. However, no improvement was achieved by baking the polymer laser prior to metallization. It is therefore believed that the baking process removes significant defects from the polymer/metal interface. The nature of these results is discussed in terms of bulk defects as well as defects at the ITO/polymer and polymer/metal interfaces.
Activation of the Oryza sativa non-symbiotic haemoglobin-2 promoter by the cytokinin-regulated transcription factor, ARR1 (2004)

Using in silico methods, several putative phytohormone-responsive cis-elements in the Oryza sativa non-symbiotic haemoglobin (NSHB) 1-4 and Arabidopsis thaliana NSHB1-2 promoters have been identified. An OsNSHB2 promoter::GUS reporter gene fusion shows tissue-specific expression in A. thaliana. GUS expression was observed in roots, the vasculature of young leaves, in flowers, and in the pedicel/stem junction. In transient assays, activity of the OsNSHB2 promoter was significantly up-regulated in the presence of the cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Deletion analyses indicated that the full-length promoter was required for maximal trans-activation in the presence of cytokinin. Mutation of the single cytokinin-regulated ARR1-binding element abolished promoter activation in response to cytokinin. Constitutive expression of ARR1 under the control of the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter enhanced wild-type OsNSHB2 promoter activity, but had no effect on the activity of the mutated promoter in the absence of cytokinin. However, overexpression of ARR1 in the presence of cytokinin resulted in super-activation of the wild-type promoter. The mutated promoter was only moderately activated in the presence of cytokinin and ARR1, indicating that the OsNSHB2 promoter can be regulated by the ARR1 protein, but requires other cytokinin-induced factors for optimal activation. This is the first report that identifies a trans-acting factor involved in the activation of a NSHB gene.
Ozone and SIRT3: an unexplored paradigm (2013)

Exposure to environmentally relevant doses of ozone induces oxidative stress and is associated with adverse effects at tissue level. Delineating the role of sirtuin3, involved in cellular energy homoeostasis, in the response of skin to ozone can be a step towards developing prevention strategies against cutaneous pathologies.
The RUS parsing system and PSI-KLONE semantic interface (1982)

The RUS parsing system provides a practical framework for natural language processing that is as flexible and extensible as a modular syntactic/semantic processor (such as LUNAR) and as efficient as a semantic grammar (such as the SOPHIE parser). RUS combines a large ATN grammar for English (with coverage greater than that of the LUNAR parser) with an interface that permits semantic interpretation to be performed efficiently during the parsing process. The interaction between the parser and the interpreter takes the form of a cascade [2] in which the interpreter receives information about syntactic constituents incrementally during the parsing process, and provides immediate feedback to the parser about the semantic acceptability of proposed syntactic structures. This results in an extremely efficient parser that has the advantages of both a syntax-first and a semantics-first approach.
Genetically engineered stem rust resistance in barley using the Rpg1 gene (2002)

The stem-rust-susceptible barley cv. Golden Promise was transformed by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of immature zygotic embryos with the Rpg1 genomic clone of cv. Morex containing a 520-bp 5' promoter region, 4,919-bp gene region, and 547-bp 3' nontranscribed sequence. Representatives of 42 transgenic barley lines obtained were characterized for their seedling infection response to pathotype Pgt-MCC of the stem rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Golden Promise was converted from a highly susceptible cultivar into a highly resistant one by transformation with the dominant Rpg1 gene. A single copy of the gene was sufficient to confer resistance against stem rust, and progenies from several transformants segregated in a 3:1 ratio for resistancesusceptibility as expected for Mendelian inheritance. These results unequivocally demonstrate that the DNA segment isolated by map-based cloning is the functional Rpg1 gene for stem rust, resistance. One of the remarkable aspects about the transformants is that they exhibit a higher level of resistance than the original sources of Rpg1 (cvs. Chevron and Peatland). In most cases, the Golden Promise transformants exhibited a highly resistant reaction where no visible sign of infection was evident. Hypersensitive necrotic "fleck" reactions were also observed, but less frequently. With both infection types, pathogen sporulation was prevented. Southern blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that neither Rpg1 gene copy number nor expression levels could account for the increased resistance observed in Golden Promise transformants. Nevertheless, this research demonstrates that stem-rust-susceptible barley can be made resistant by transformation with the cloned Rpg1 gene.
Three-Dimensional Nanofabrication with Elastomeric Phase Masks (2007)

This Feature Article reviews recent work on an optical technique for fabricating, in a single exposure step, three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures with diverse structural layouts. The approach, which we refer to as proximity field nanopatterning, uses conformable, elastomeric phase masks to pattern thick layers of transparent, photosensitive materials in a conformal contact mode geometry. Aspects of the optics, the materials, and the physical chemistry associated with this method are outlined. A range of 3D structures illustrate its capabilities, and several application examples demonstrate possible areas of use in technologies ranging from microfluidics to photonic materials to density gradient structures for chemical release and high-energy density science.
ASD symptoms in toddlers and preschoolers: An examination of sex differences (2019)

Although considerable work has documented higher prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in boys, fewer studies have focused on sex differences within samples of young children at-risk for ASD. This study examined sex differences in ASD symptom domains and ASD screening outcomes among toddlers (18-35 months) and preschoolers (36-72 months) with ASD-related concerns. Participants included 480 children between 18 and 72 months evaluated by university-based ASD specialty clinics. Results revealed significant sex differences in severity of social communication (SC) deficits across age groups. Within the toddler group, girls diagnosed with ASD displayed greater SC deficits according to standardized observation and clinician severity ratings. Within the preschool group, girls diagnosed with ASD were rated by parents as having more severe SC deficits, but these differences were not corroborated by standardized observations or clinician ratings. No sex differences emerged for severity of restricted repetitive behaviors (RRBs) for either age group. Across the entire referred sample, boys and girls did not differ in terms of scores on commonly used screening instruments. Importantly, results suggest that two of the most commonly used ASD screeners (i.e., Modified-Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised with Follow-up and Social Communication Questionnaire ) may underidentify RRBs in toddler and preschool-aged girls as screening scores were only influenced by severity of SC deficits. Greater SC deficits in young girls with ASD along with its impact on screening status suggests greater attention be placed on the under-identification of ASD in girls as well as current screening measures' ability to tap into the topography of ASD symptoms across genders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 157-166. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In this study, we found that young girls diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder tend to have greater social communication deficits than young boys and that these differences vary by age. Specifically, toddler-aged girls receive higher clinician ratings of social communication deficits when compared to boys, while preschool-aged girls receive higher parent ratings of social communication deficits. For girls, current screening tools seem to be more highly influenced by severity of social communication deficits than by restricted repetitive behaviors.
Crystal and magnetic structures of Fe0.25TiSe2 and Fe0.48TiSe2 (1987)

The crystal and magnetic structures of the lamellar FexTiSe 2 (x = 0.25 and 0.48) antiferromagnets have been refined from neutron diffraction powder data at several temperatures ranging from 2 to 300 K. For both compounds, Ti is found to be substituted for 8 % of Fe so that the separation of the two metals is not complete. The distortion of the Ti-containing octahedra decreases from x = 0.25 to x = 0.48 i.e. as the lower-occupied d-subband filling increases due to charge transfer upon intercalation. The origin of the previously evidenced magneto-elastic effect for x = 0.48 is shown to lie in the existence of ferromagnetic coupling between nearest-neighbouring iron moments along b (dFe-Ee = 3.59 Å), the exchange parameter of which increases with decreasing distance. The Ti conduction electron spins are shown to be greatly polarized by the Fe localized moments leading to the onset of a commensurate spin density wave below TN. The refinement of the 2 K intensities yields Ti moment values equal to 0.07(3) and 0.31(3) μB for x = 0.25 and 0.48, respectively.