gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of the Strained Si Forbidden Doublet Transverse Optical Phonon Raman Band for Quantitative Stress Measurement (2012)

Using a combination of a radial polarizer with a linear one in the incident light path while measuring the Raman spectra of strained Si (s-Si) with a high-numerical-aperture lens, we succeeded in the clear domination of the forbidden doublet phonon band [transverse optical (TO) phonon for the light directed along the [001] axis of Si] over the allowed singlet longitudinal optical phonon one. This is important for the precise stress-induced TO phonon Raman shift determination and, therefore, for precise quantitative study of the local stress distribution on the (001) Si surface.
In‐situ Measurements, Process Control, and Defect Monitoring (2016)

A wide range of in-situ process control methods have been developed applicable to a wide range of processes and process conditions for control of photovoltaic device processing systems. These include methods of monitoring gas phase reactant fluxes, deposited material composition, film thickness, semiconductor material quality, and more. The defects in semiconductors, and particularly in compound semiconductors, are highly sensitive to the flux of material arriving at the sample surface as growth proceeds. The ratio of elements arriving at the surface often controls the stoichiometry of a compound, which determines the density of point defects on each sub-lattice in the compound structure. Optical luminescence is a non-contact method similar to x-ray fluorescence but where light emission is characteristic of the energy gap and defects in the semiconductor rather than characteristic of the atoms therein. Therefore, it is quite sensitive to the properties of the material being deposited.
Development of a multivariate prediction model of intensive care unit transfer or death: A French prospective cohort study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients (2020)

Prognostic factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients among European population are lacking. Our objective was to identify early prognostic factors upon admission to optimize the management of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in a medical ward. This French single-center prospective cohort study evaluated 152 patients with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay, hospitalized in the Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology Department, at Pitié-Salpêtrière's Hospital, in Paris, France, a tertiary care university hospital. Predictive factors of intensive care unit (ICU) transfer or death at day 14 (D14), of being discharge alive and severe status at D14 (remaining with ventilation, or death) were evaluated in multivariable logistic regression models; models' performances, including discrimination and calibration, were assessed (C-index, calibration curve, R2, Brier score). A validation was performed on an external sample of 132 patients hospitalized in a French hospital close to Paris, in Aulnay-sous-Bois, Île-de-France. The probability of ICU transfer or death was 32% (47/147) (95% CI 25-40). Older age (OR 2.61, 95% CI 0.96-7.10), poorer respiratory presentation (OR 4.04 per 1-point increment on World Health Organization (WHO) clinical scale, 95% CI 1.76-9.25), higher CRP-level (OR 1.63 per 100mg/L increment, 95% CI 0.98-2.71) and lower lymphocytes count (OR 0.36 per 1000/mm3 increment, 95% CI 0.13-0.99) were associated with an increased risk of ICU requirement or death. A 9-point ordinal scale scoring system defined low (score 0-2), moderate (score 3-5), and high (score 6-8) risk patients, with predicted respectively 2%, 25% and 81% risk of ICU transfer or death at D14. Therefore, in this prospective cohort study of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized in a medical ward in France, a simplified scoring system at admission predicted the outcome at D14.
Technische Mechanik für Bauingenieure 2 (2010)

gen, Mikro verfil mungen und die Ein speiche rung und Ver ar beitung in elek tro nischen Syste men.
Cardiovascular risk assessment in hypertensive patients: major discrepancy according to ESH and SCORE strategies (2007)

In this series of patients with mainly moderate or severe hypertension, the distribution of cardiovascular risk was strikingly different according to ESH categorical tables and SCORE risk charts. This might be explained in part by the lower weight attributed to blood pressure in risk assessment, especially in young female subjects. If confirmed, these results should prompt the performance of a prospective study to assess which strategy most accurately predicts CVR in hypertensive patients.
Exposure of Ceramics and Ceramic Matrix Composites in Simulated and Actual Combustor Environments (2000)

A high-temperature, high-pressure, tube furnace has been used to evaluate the long term stability of different monolithic ceramic and ceramic matrix composite materials in a simulated combustor environment. All of the tests have been run at 150 psia, 1204°C, and 15 percent steam in incremental 500 h runs. The major advantage of this system is the high sample throughput; &gt;20 samples can be exposed in each tube at the same time under similar exposure conditions. Microstructural evaluations of the samples were conducted after each 500 h exposure to characterize the extent of surface damage, to calculate surface recession rates, and to determine degradation mechanisms for the different materials. The validity of this exposure rig for simulating real combustor environments was established by comparing materials exposed in the test rig and combustor liner materials exposed for similar times in an actual gas turbine combustor under commercial operating conditions. [S0742-4795(00)02402-9]
Powering a microprocessor by photosynthesis (2022)

A photosynthesis-driven biophotovoltaic system with an Al-anode powered a microprocessor widely used in IoT applications stably for over six months.
Efficient Folded Attention for 3D Medical Image Reconstruction and Segmentation (2020)

Recently, 3D medical image reconstruction (MIR) and segmentation (MIS) based on deep neural networks have been developed with promising results, and attention mechanism has been further designed to capture global contextual information for performance enhancement. However, the large size of 3D volume images poses a great computational challenge to traditional attention methods. In this paper, we propose a folded attention (FA) approach to improve the computational efficiency of traditional attention methods on 3D medical images. The main idea is that we apply tensor folding and unfolding operations with four permutations to build four small sub-affinity matrices to approximate the original affinity matrix. Through four consecutive sub-attention modules of FA, each element in the feature tensor can aggregate spatial-channel information from all other elements. Compared to traditional attention methods, with moderate improvement of accuracy, FA can substantially reduce the computational complexity and GPU memory consumption. We demonstrate the superiority of our method on two challenging tasks for 3D MIR and MIS, which are quantitative susceptibility mapping and multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation.
Segmentierung von Faserbahnsystemen mit einem strahlenbasierten Ansatz und Glättung der FA- und Winkel-Karten (2010)

Fur die Planung und Durchfuhrung neurochirurgischer Eingriffe ist neben der Kenntnis der zu resezierenden Struktur auch Wissen uber den Verlauf eloquenter Strukturen im menschlichen Gehirn unerlasslich, um die Gefahr postoperativer neurologischer Defizite minimal zu halten und so die Patientensicherheit zu erhohen. Zur Lokalisation dieser Strukturen kann die Diffusions-Tensor-Bildgebung (DTI) eingesetzt werden. Gangige Verfahren wie Fiber Tracking erzeugen jedoch keine geschlossenen die Struktur begrenzenden 3D-Objekte, wie sie fur die Integration in die Neuronavigation notwendig sind. Hier wird eine Erweiterung unseres strahlenbasierten Segmentierungsverfahrens vorgestellt und anhand von Software-Phantomen mit dem Dice-Koeffizienten evaluiert. Zur Segmentierung wird dabei an den einzelnen Evaluationspunkten eine lokale 3D-Umgebung betrachtet und anhand mehrerer Parameter und Schwellwerte eine Aussage uber die Zugehorigkeit zur Struktur getroffen. Schlusselworte: Diffusions-Tensor-Bildgebung, DTI, Fiber Tracking, Segmentierung
X-ray spectroscopy with the ANS satellite (1976)

Preliminary results from the Bragg crystal spectrometer on the ANS satellite are given. No significant Si XIII and Si XIV narrow line emission has been detected from Cygnus X-1, -2, or -3.
Demonstration of force feedback control on the Modular Prosthetic Limb (2014)

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) led the development of the Modular Prosthetic Limb (MPL), an advanced upper-extremity prosthetic limb, under the DARPA Revolutionizing Prosthetics program. In addition to its use as an advanced prosthetic, APL is also exploring more advanced autonomy including closed-loop force feedback control with the MPL. This short paper provides an overview of the MPL system and summarizes two demonstrations performed at APL using fingertip force sensors to perform autonomous writing and fingertip grasping.
An Array of Digital Antenna Elements for Mitigation of Multipath for Carrier Landings (2005)

NAVSYS has developed a new Digital Antenna Element design for integration with a Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) which offers significant advantages over conventional Digital Antenna Electronics for high integrity GPS applications such as the Joint Precision Approach and Landing System (JPALS). Instead of performing spatial processing within the Digital Antenna Electronics, the Digital Antenna Elements each output the raw sampled digital data from each of the CRPA antenna elements. This allows the GPS receiver to perform embedded spatial integrity monitoring and optimize the spatial processing for each internal receiver channel to maximize the signal/jamming ration (S/J) or to minimize the signal/multipath levels (S/M). This paper describes the Digital Antenna Element and Receiver design and includes test results collected onboard the USS Truman to evaluate the improvements possible using digital beam forming for multipath mitigation in this environment.
Rapid detection of sepsis in rats through volatile organic compounds in breath (2012)

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is one of the main causes of death in adult intensive care units. The major drawbacks of the different methods used for its diagnosis and monitoring are their inability to provide fast responses and unsuitability for bedside use. In this study, performed using a rat sepsis model, we evaluate breath analysis with Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) as a fast, portable and non-invasive strategy. METHODS: This study was carried out on 20 Sprague-Dawley rats. Ten rats were injected with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli and ten rats were IP injected with regular saline. After a 24-h period, the rats were anaesthetized and their exhaled breaths were collected and measured with IMS and SPME-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) and the data were analyzed with multivariate data processing techniques. RESULTS: The SPME-GC/MS dataset processing showed 92% accuracy in the discrimination between the two groups, with a confidence interval of between 90.9% and 92.9%. Percentages for sensitivity and specificity were 98% (97.5–98.5%) and 85% (84.6–87.6%), respectively. The IMS database processing generated an accuracy of 99.8% (99.7–99.9%), a specificity of 99.6% (99.5–99.7%) and a sensitivity of 99.9% (99.8–100%). CONCLUSIONS: IMS involving fast analysis times, minimum sample handling and portable instrumentation can be an alternative for continuous bedside monitoring. IMS spectra require data processing with proper statistical models for the technique to be used as an alternative to other methods. These animal model results suggest that exhaled breath can be used as a point-of-care tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of sepsis.
A new optical-path supervisory scheme for OXC based on unique FSR recognition (2006)

A new supervisory scheme, based on unique FSR recognition, to monitor the optical-path connection for optical cross-connects is proposed. This cost-effective method can not only verify the actual routing situation but supervise all channels simultaneously.
Energetics, structure and dynamics of atoms and molecules in Helium-4 clusters (2011)

International audience
THE HCG STIMULATION TEST IN MEN WITH TESTICULAR DISORDERS (1975)

The rise in plasma testosterone levels following stimulation with human chorionic gonadotrophin (3000 i.u./day for 4 days) has been used as a test of interstitial cell function in normal men and men with testicular disorders. The large majority of patients with testicular disorders resulting in infertility, showed a subnormal testosterone response to stimulation. The most marked impairment was noted in those patients with the biopsy appearance of germinal cell arrest and Sertoli cell only syndrome.
Congestion-aware traffic routing for large-scale mobile agent systems (2012)

Traffic congestion is a serious world-wide problem. Drivers have little knowledge of historical and real-time traffic congestion for the paths they take and often tend to drive suboptimal routes. Congestion phenomena are sure to be influenced by the coming of autonomous cars. This thesis presents route planning algorithms and a system for either autonomous or human-driven cars in road networks dealing with travel time uncertainty and congestion. 
First, a stochastic route planning algorithm is presented that finds the best path for a group of multiple agents. Our algorithm provides mobile agents with optimized routes to achieve time-critical goals. Optimal selections of agent and visit locations are determined to guarantee the highest probability of task achievement while dealing with uncertainty of travel time. Furthermore, we present an efficient approximation algorithm for stochastic route planning based on pre-computed data for stochastic networks. 
Second, we develop a distributed congestion-aware multi-agent path planning algorithm that achieves the social optimum, minimizing aggregate travel time of all the agents in the system. As the number of agents grows, congestion created by agents' path choices should be considered. Using a data-driven congestion model that describes the travel time as a function of the number of agents on a road segment, we develop a practical method for determining the optimal paths for all the agents in the system to achieve the social optimum. Our algorithm uses localized information and computes the paths in a distributed manner. We implement the algorithm in multi-core computers and demonstrate that the algorithm has a good scalability. 
Third, a path planning system using traffic sensor data is then implemented. We predict the traffic speed and flow for each location from a large set of sensor data collected from roving taxis and inductive loop detectors. Our system uses a data-driven traffic model that captures important traffic patterns and conditions using the two sources of data. We evaluate the system using a rich set of GPS traces from 16,000 taxis in Singapore and show that the city-scale congestion can be mitigated by planning drivers' routes, while incorporating the congestion effects generated by their route choices. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, libraries.mit.edu/docs - docs@mit.edu)
Modeling and Simulation of a Dual Fuel (Diesel/Natural Gas) Engine With Multidimensional CFD (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A dual fuel engine simulation model was formulated and the combustion process of a diesel/natural gas dual fuel engine was studied using an updated KIVA-3V Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) code. The dual fuel engine ignition and combustion process is complicated since it includes diesel injection, atomization and ignition, superimposed with premixed natural gas combustion. However, understanding of the combustion process is critical for engine performance optimization. Starting from a previously validated Characteristic-Timescale diesel combustion model, a natural gas combustion model was implemented and added to simulate the ignition and combustion process in a dual fuel bus engine. Available engine test data were used for validation of both the diesel-only and the premixed spark-ignition operation regimes. A new formulation of the Characteristic-Timescale combustion model was then introduced to allow smooth transition between the combustion regimes. The models were applied to suggest methods for further engine improvement for better emission performance. The model was extended to consider the direct injection natural gas case by modeling gas jet injection. A comparison of the combustion and emission of the two different gas supply methods was conducted. The research demonstrated that multidimensional modeling is useful for dual fuel engine study and optimization.&lt;/div&gt;
AGE‐RELATED CHANGES IN THE ULTRASOUND APPEARANCE OF THE NORMAL FELINE PANCREAS (2005)

In humans, pancreatic hyperechogenicity and duct dilation are reported as normal aging changes. Similar changes have been reported with pancreatitis in the cat. We attempted to determine if aging changes occur in the ultrasound appearance of the normal feline pancreas. The pancreas of 84 normal (based on history, physical exam, biochemical profile, and feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations) cats of varying ages was scanned. Pancreatic width at the left limb and body, pancreatic duct diameter at left limb and body, and pancreatic echogenicity compared with liver and surrounding fat were noted and compared with age and body weight. Lower and upper limits of the 95% reference intervals for pancreatic left limb width were 2.6 and 9.5 mm, and 3.5 and 8.5 mm for the pancreatic body width. There was no significant difference in pancreatic width between the left limb and body. Lower and upper limits of the 95% reference interval for the diameter of the pancreatic duct at the left limb and body were similar, and were 0.65 and 2.5 mm. There was a weak but significant linear correlation between pancreatic duct diameter and age, with increasing pancreatic duct diameter with increasing age. There was no correlation of pancreatic width with age, and no correlation of pancreatic echogenicity with age or body weight. Based on this study, feline pancreatic size and echogenicity do not change with age. Pancreatic duct diameter increases slightly with age and should not be used as a sole indicator of pancreatitis in the geriatric cat.
[Diagnostic significance of Th1/Th2 cytokine pattern in childhood hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]. (2011)

The significant increase of IFN-γ and IL-10 with slightly increased level of IL-6 is a sensitive and specific cytokine pattern for childhood HLH, which is helpful for its diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Evidence for a role of developmental genes in the origin of obesity and body fat distribution (2006)

Obesity, especially central obesity, is a hereditable trait associated with a high risk for development of diabetes and metabolic disorders. Combined gene expression analysis of adipocyte- and preadipocyte-containing fractions from intraabdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue of mice revealed coordinated depot-specific differences in expression of multiple genes involved in embryonic development and pattern specification. These differences were intrinsic and persisted during in vitro culture and differentiation. Similar depot-specific differences in expression of developmental genes were observed in human subcutaneous versus visceral adipose tissue. Furthermore, in humans, several genes exhibited changes in expression that correlated closely with body mass index and/or waist/hip ratio. Together, these data suggest that genetically programmed developmental differences in adipocytes and their precursors in different regions of the body play an important role in obesity, body fat distribution, and potential functional differences between internal and subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Spatial and Temporal-Controlled Tissue Heating on a Modified Clinical Ultrasound Scanner for Generating Mild Hyperthermia in Tumors (2010)

A new system is presented for generating controlled tissue heating with a clinical ultrasound scanner, and initial in vitro and in vivo results are presented that demonstrate both transient and sustained heating in the mild-hyperthermia range of 37 ( degrees )C-42 ( degrees )C. The system consists of a Siemens Antares ultrasound scanner, a custom dual-frequency three-row transducer array and an external temperature feedback control system. The transducer has two outer rows that operate at 1.5 MHz for tissue heating and a center row that operates at 5 MHz for B-mode imaging to guide the therapy. We compare the field maps obtained using a hydrophone against calculations of the ultrasound beam based on monochromatic and linear assumptions. Using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, we compare predicted time-dependent thermal profiles to measured profiles for soy tofu as a tissue-mimicking phantom. In vitro results show differential heating of 6 ( degrees )C for chicken breast and tofu. In vivo tests of the system were performed on three mice bearing Met-1 tumors, which is a model of aggressive, metastatic, and highly vascular breast cancer. In superficially implanted tumors, we demonstrate controlled heating to 42 ( degrees )C. We show that the system is able to maintain the temperature to within 0.1 ( degrees )C of the desired temperature both in vitro and in vivo.
Interleukin-37 monomer is the active form for reducing innate immunity (2019)

Interleukin-37 (IL-37), a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, is a fundamental suppressor of innate and acquired immunities. Here, we used an integrative approach that combines biophysical, biochemical, and biological studies to elucidate the unique characteristics of IL-37. Our studies reveal that single amino acid mutations at the IL-37 dimer interface that result in the stable formation of IL-37 monomers also remain monomeric at high micromolar concentrations and that these monomeric IL-37 forms comprise higher antiinflammatory activities than native IL-37 on multiple cell types. We find that, because native IL-37 forms dimers with nanomolar affinity, higher IL-37 only weakly suppresses downstream markers of inflammation whereas lower concentrations are more effective. We further show that IL-37 is a heparin binding protein that modulates this self-association and that the IL-37 dimers must block the activity of the IL-37 monomer. Specifically, native IL-37 at 2.5 nM reduces lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) protein levels by ∼50%, whereas the monomeric D73K mutant reduced VCAM by 90% at the same concentration. Compared with other members of the IL-1 family, both the N and the C termini of IL-37 are extended, and we show they are disordered in the context of the free protein. Furthermore, the presence of, at least, one of these extended termini is required for IL-37 suppressive activity. Based on these structural and biological studies, we present a model of IL-37 interactions that accounts for its mechanism in suppressing innate inflammation.