gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Damage behavior analysis of smart composites with embedded pre-strained SMA foils (2005)

This paper presents the results of experimental and analytical studies with respect to the damage onset/growth suppression behavior using quasi-isotropic CFRP laminates with embedded pre-strained SMA foils under quasi-static uniaxial tension load. In our previous studies, we conducted some preliminary quasi-static load–unload tests using CFRP laminates with embedded pre-strained SMA foils (smart composites). The results confirmed that these smart composites had excellent effects on damage onset/growth suppression, in comparison with the conventional CFRP laminates. In this study, systematic load–unload tests are conducted for quasi-isotropic laminates, with and without SMA foils and adhesive layers. Following this, a detailed observation of the damage onset/growth suppression behavior is conducted. This observation verified that the microcracks, which originated at the −45/90 interface, generally grow into transverse cracks in a 90° ply of the quasi-isotropic CFRP laminates ([45/0/−45/90]s). It has also been experimentally confirmed that the damage onset/growth suppression effects of smart composites are obtained by the suppression of crack opening displacement.
Human African trypanosomiasis of the CNS: current issues and challenges (2004)

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Current therapy with melarsoprol for CNS HAT has unacceptable side-effects with an overall mortality of 5%. This review discusses the issues of diagnosis and staging of CNS disease, its neuropathogenesis, and the possibility of new therapies for treating late-stage disease.
Suppression of Nodule Development of One Side of a Split-Root System of Soybeans Caused by Prior Inoculation of the Other Side (1984)

In a split-root system of soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr), inoculation of one half-side suppressed subsequent development of nodules on the opposite side. At zero time, the first side of the split-root system of soybeans received Rhizobium japonicum strain USDA 138 as the primary inoculum. At selected time intervals, the second side was inoculated with the secondary inoculum, a mixture of R. japonicum strain USDA 138 and strain USDA 110. In a short-day season, nodulation by the secondary inoculum was inhibited 100% when inoculation was delayed 10 days. Nodulation on the second side was significantly suppressed when the secondary inoculum was delayed for only 96 hours. In a long-day season, nodule suppression on the second side was highly significant, but not always 100%. Nodule suppression on the second side was not related to the appearance of nodules or nitrogenase activity on the side of split-roots which were inoculated at zero time. When the experiments were done under different light intensities, nodule suppression was significantly more pronounced in the shaded treatments.
Niche specialization of terrestrial archaeal ammonia oxidizers (2011)

Soil pH is a major determinant of microbial ecosystem processes and potentially a major driver of evolution, adaptation, and diversity of ammonia oxidizers, which control soil nitrification. Archaea are major components of soil microbial communities and contribute significantly to ammonia oxidation in some soils. To determine whether pH drives evolutionary adaptation and community structure of soil archaeal ammonia oxidizers, sequences of amoA, a key functional gene of ammonia oxidation, were examined in soils at global, regional, and local scales. Globally distributed database sequences clustered into 18 well-supported phylogenetic lineages that dominated specific soil pH ranges classified as acidic (pH <5), acido-neutral (5 ≤ pH <7), or alkalinophilic (pH ≥ 7). To determine whether patterns were reproduced at regional and local scales, amoA gene fragments were amplified from DNA extracted from 47 soils in the United Kingdom (pH 3.5-8.7), including a pH-gradient formed by seven soils at a single site (pH 4.5-7.5). High-throughput sequencing and analysis of amoA gene fragments identified an additional, previously undiscovered phylogenetic lineage and revealed similar pH-associated distribution patterns at global, regional, and local scales, which were most evident for the five most abundant clusters. Archaeal amoA abundance and diversity increased with soil pH, which was the only physicochemical characteristic measured that significantly influenced community structure. These results suggest evolution based on specific adaptations to soil pH and niche specialization, resulting in a global distribution of archaeal lineages that have important consequences for soil ecosystem function and nitrogen cycling.
Shape-anisotropy-controlled magnetoresistive response in magnetic tunnel junctions (1997)

We show that shape anisotropy can be used to control the response characteristics of magnetic tunnel junctions. By varying the junction shape, the resistance versus field curve was made to vary from a nonhysteretic linear curve with a high-field sensitivity (0.3%/Oe) to a hysteretic response curve with high squareness.
Correlation Between pH and Composition of Foods Comprising Mixtures of Tomatoes and Low-Acid Ingredients (1984)

Acidity and pH data for more than 100 products comprising mixtures of tomatoes and low-acid ingredienis were compared to develop a generalized method of pH prediction. Products and their major ingredients were titrated with NaOH or acetic acid to pH 4.6 and 8.1 endpoints. Two indices of acidity, developed from these data, were correlated with product pH values, and regression equations for pH prediction were obtained. The accuracy of prediction was improved by correlating the data for related products such as soups, sauces, and simple tomato-vegetable mixtures. Correlation coefficients as high as 0.9 were obtained with the last category. These results demonstrate the feasibility of pH prediction from recipe data.
Adaptive explicit force control of position-controlled manipulators (1996)

This article presents a new adaptive outer-loop approach for explicit force regulation of position-controlled robot manipulators. The strategy is computationally simple and does not require knowledge of the manipulator dynamic model, the inner-loop position controller parameters, or the environment. It is shown that the control strategy guarantees global uniform boundedness of all signals and convergence of the position/force regulation errors to zero when applied to the full nonlinear robot dynamic model. If bounded external disturbances are present, a slight modification to the control scheme ensures that global uniform boundedness of all signals is retained and that arbitrarily accurate stabilization of the regulation errors can be achieved. Additionally, it is shown that the adaptive controller is also applicable to robotic systems with PID inner-loop position controllers. Computer simulation results are given for a Robotics Research Corporation (RRC) Model K-1207 redundant arm and demonstrate that accurate and robust force control is achievable with the proposed controller. Experimental results are presented for the RRC Model K-1207 robot and confirm that the control scheme provides a simple and effective means of obtaining high-performance force control. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Digital Coherent Optical Receivers: Algorithms and Subsystems (2010)

Digital coherent receivers have caused a revolution in the design of optical transmission systems, due to the subsystems and algorithms embedded within such a receiver. After giving a high-level overview of the subsystems, the optical front end, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and the digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms, which relax the tolerances on these subsystems are discussed. Attention is then turned to the compensation of transmission impairments, both static and dynamic. The discussion of dynamic-channel equalization, which forms a significant part of the paper, includes a theoretical analysis of the dual-polarization constant modulus algorithm, where the control surfaces several different equalizer algorithms are derived, including the constant modulus, decision-directed, trained, and the radially directed equalizer for both polarization division multiplexed quadriphase shift keyed (PDM-QPSK) and 16 level quadrature amplitude modulation (PDM-16-QAM). Synchronization algorithms employed to recover the timing and carrier phase information are then examined, after which the data may be recovered. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges for future coherent optical transmission systems.
Diastereoselective Reaction of (1S,2S)‐2‐Amino‐1‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1,3‐propanediol with Aromatic Aldehydes. Synthesis of (1R,2R,4S,5S,8S)‐2,8‐Diaryl‐4‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1‐aza‐3,7‐dioxabicyclo [3.3.0]octanes. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Constitutive activity of a G protein-coupled receptor, DRD1, contributes to human cerebral organoid formation (2020)

The intricate balance of neural stem cell (NSC) amplification and neurogenesis is central to nervous system development. Dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) is a typical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mainly expressed in neurogenic area, with high constitutive activity. The receptor appears in the embryonic period before the formation of mature synaptic contacts, which indicates that dopamine receptor and its constitutive activity play crucial roles in the embryonic brain development. Here, we found that DRD1 was enriched in human NSCs. Inhibition of the receptor activity by its inverse agonists promoted human NSCs proliferation and impeded its differentiation. These results were also mimicked by genetic knockdown of DRD1, which also blocked the effects of inverse agonists, suggesting a receptor-dependent manner. More interestingly, knock-in A229T mutant with reduced DRD1 constitutive activity by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology resulted into increased endogenous human NSCs proliferation. These results were well reproduced in human cerebral organoids, and inhibition of the DRD1 constitutive activity by its inverse agonists induced the expansion and folding of human cerebral organoids. The anatomic analysis uncovered that decreasing the constitutive activity of DRD1 by its inverse agonists promoted the NSCs proliferation and maintenance that led to hindered cortical neurogenesis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the PKC-CBP pathway was involved in the regulation by DRD1. Thus, our findings indicate that the constitutive activity of DRD1 and possibly other GPCRs plays an important role in the development of human nervous system.
RESEARCH IN A WORLD OF EXPANDING MEDIA OPTIONS: CHICKEN OR EGG? (1996)

Rather than making the simplistic assumption that research is always passive and merely adapts to change, the reality of media research today is that there is an extreme interdependency between media and research. To illustrate this, I will talk about four different media environments and the evolution of research within those environments. These environments are: the domestic print market, the international print market, the domestic television market, and, finally, the domestic measurement of the World Wide Web.The conclusion is that if our industry, and we ourselves as researchers, constantly think of research as adapting, we will miss the opportunity to guide our industry away from evolutionary deadends. If, on the other hand, we think of our industry as a complex system, where nothing comes first, there is the opportunity for the development of radically different and potentially efficient marketing systems in the future.
Optimization of the Production of 1-Phenylethanol Using Enzymes from Flowers of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Plants (2017)

1-Phenylethanol (1PE) can be used as a fragrance in food flavoring and cosmetic industries and as an intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry. 1PE can be synthesized from acetophenone, and the cost of 1PE is higher than the cost of acetophenone. Therefore, it is important to establish an effective and low-cost approach for producing 1PE. Our previous studies found that tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) flowers, which are an abundant and waste resource, contained enzymes that could transform acetophenone to 1PE. In the present study, we extracted crude enzymes from tea flowers and optimized the production conditions of 1PE using response surface methodology. The optimized conditions were an extraction pH of 7.0, a reaction pH of 5.3, a reaction temperature of 55 °C, a reaction time of 100 min, a coenzyme NADPH concentration of 3.75 μmol/mL in the reaction assay, and a substrate acetophenone concentration of 1.25 μmol/mL in the reaction assay. The results provide essential information for future industrial 1PE production using plant-derived enzymes.
First Report from the American College of Surgeons Bariatric Surgery Center Network (2011)

LSG has morbidity and effectiveness positioned between the LAGB and the LRYGB/ORYGB for data up to 1 year. As obesity is a lifelong disease, longer term comparative effectiveness data are most critical, and are yet to be determined.
Fishbone-like platinum-nickel nanowires as an efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation (2019)

Platinum (Pt)-based electrocatalyst with low Pt content and high electrocatalytic performance is highly desired in fuel cell applications. Herein, we demonstrated that platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) nanowires with an average composition of PtNi3 and a fishbone structure can be readily synthesized and used as an efficient electrocatalyst toward methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The PtNi3 fishbone-like nanowires (PtNi3-FBNWs) present features such as richer Pt on the surface than in the bulk, high-index facets on the rough surface, and polyhedral facets at the ends of side chains. Such compositional and structural features could be determinative to the enhanced performance in the electrocatalysis of MOR. Compared with commercial 20% Pt/carbon black (Pt/C), the specific activity and mass activity of the PtNi3-FBNWs are enhanced by approximately 4.76 and 3.02 times, respectively. The stability of electrocatalysis is significantly improved as well. Such comprehensive enhancement indicates that the PtNi3-FBNWs would be a promising candidate toward MOR in fuel cells.
NuSTAR detection of a cyclotron line in the supergiant fast X-ray transient IGR J17544−2619 (2015)

We present NuSTAR spectral and timing studies of the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient (SFXT) IGR J17544-2619. The spectrum is well-described by a ~ 1 keV blackbody and a hard continuum component, as expected from an accreting X-ray pulsar. We detect a cyclotron line at 17 keV, confirming that the compact object in IGR J17544-2619 is indeed a neutron star. This is the first measurement of the magnetic field in a SFXT. The inferred magnetic field strength, B = (1.45 ± 0.03) x 10^(12)G • (1 + z) is typical of neutron stars in X-ray binaries, and rules out a magnetar nature for the compact object. We do not find any significant pulsations in the source on time scales of 1–2000 s.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic Fused Phenanthridines: An Alternative Approach from Benzotriazoles. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Accumulation of Symmetric Dimethylarginine in Hepatorenal Syndrome (2006)

In patients with cirrhosis, nitric oxide (NO), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and possibly symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) have been linked to the severity of the disease. We investigated whether plasma levels of dimethylarginines and NO are elevated in patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), compared with patients with cirrhosis without renal failure (no-HRS). Plasma levels of NO, ADMA, SDMA, and l-arginine were measured in 11 patients with HRS, seven patients with no-HRS, and six healthy volunteers. SDMA concentration in HRS was higher than in no-HRS and healthy subjects (1.47 +/- 0.25 vs. 0.38 +/- 0.06 and 0.29 +/- 0.04 microM, respectively; P < 0.05). ADMA and NOx concentrations were higher in HRS and no-HRS patients than in healthy subjects (ADMA, 1.20 +/- 0.26, 1.11 +/- 0.1, and 0.53 +/- 0.06 microM, respectively; P < 0.05; NOx, 94 +/- 9.1, 95.5 +/- 9.54, and 37.67 +/- 4.62 microM, respectively; P < 0.05). In patients with HRS there was a positive correlation between serum creatinine and plasma SDMA (r2 =0.765, P < 0.001) but not between serum creatinine and ADMA or NOx. The results suggest that renal dysfunction is a main determinant of elevated SDMA concentration in HRS. Accumulation of ADMA as a result of impaired hepatic removal may be the causative factor initiating renal vasoconstriction and SDMA retention in the kidney.
Carboxyl-Functionalized Task-Specific Ionic Liquids for Solubilizing Metal Oxides (2008)

Imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, morpholinium, and quaternary ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide salts were functionalized with a carboxyl group. These ionic liquids are useful for the selective dissolution of metal oxides and hydroxides. Although these hydrophobic ionic liquids are immiscible with water at room temperature, several of them form a single phase with water at elevated temperatures. Phase separation occurs upon cooling. This thermomorphic behavior has been investigated by (1)H NMR, and it was found that it can be attributed to the temperature-dependent hydration and hydrogen-bond formation of the ionic liquid components. The crystal structures of four ionic liquids and five metal complexes have been determined.
Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Bromides and Aryl Triflates Using Diphosphane Ligands: A Kinetic Study (2001)

[Pd(P-O-P)(Ar)]+ complexes with ligands that have wide bite angles are active catalysts for the coupling of aniline derivatives with aryl triflates. Kinetic studies show that for these systems a fast equilibrium that involves coordination of the amine precedes the deprotonation, which is the rate-limiting step of the reaction. This reaction is faster for compounds with a smaller P-Pd-P angle. When halide salts are present, the base sodium tert-butoxide is activated and adds to the palladium complex. This rate-limiting step is preceded by a fast equilibrium that involves decoordination of the halide. The initial reaction rate is faster for compounds with a larger P-Pd-P angle. This is due to the closer proximity of the oxygen to the Pd center, and this assists in the dissociation of the halide.
Optimal experiment design for bounded-error estimation of nonlinear models (2019)

This paper proposes an optimal experiment design approach for parameter estimation in a bounded-error context. In the design phase, this approach does not require specifying any reference value of the vector of parameters, contrary to the state-of-the-art techniques. Two variants of the problem are considered, depending on whether one is interested in the experiment minimizing the volume (DB-SM optimal experiment) or the sum of the edges of the smallest box containing the set estimate (A-SM optimal experiment). To obtain the DB-SM or A-SM optimal experiments, an outer approximation of the smallest box containing the set estimates has to be evaluated, independently of the value of the true value of the parameter vector and of the measurement noise. For that purpose, existentially quantified linear programs have to be solved. One shows that these quantified linear programs can be transformed into several classical linear programs. Illustrations on a simple exponential example show that the DB-SM or A-SM optimal experiments lead to smaller set estimates in the worst case, compared to experiments designed with state-of-the-art techniques.
Fly Pupae as Attractant Carriers for Toxic Baits for Red Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1990)

Eight laboratory-reared ant species were fed baits of house fly, Musca domestica L., pupae treated with hydramethylnon. Two fire ant species, Solenopsis invicta Buren and Solenopsis geminata (F.), and Pheidole morrissi (Forel) were killed; average percentage of mortality of the five other species was less than 20%. In contrast, all species that were fed the commercial fire ant bait containing hydramethylnon (Amdro) died or were adversely affected. In the field, applications of house fly pupae and eye gnat, Hippelates pusio Loew, pupae dipped in acetone solutions of fenoxycarb significantly reduced population indices of the red imported fire ant, S. invicta, compared with commercial formulations of fenoxycarb (Logic) and hydramethylnon (Amdro). Field observations showed that the pupae of either species can be carried or moved by one or two worker ants. The smooth, hard cuticle of the pupae make them easy to handle and apply with application equipment. The current cost of house fly pupae is considerably more than the cost of a granular carrier, pregel defatted corn grits. However, if mass-production methods reduce this price differential, fly pupae could become an effective and more species-specific fire ant bait carrier.
A constraint upon the basal water distribution and thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet from radar bed echoes (2018)

Abstract. There is widespread, but often indirect, evidence that a significant fraction of the bed beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet is thawed (at or above the pressure melting point for ice). This includes the beds of major outlet glaciers and their tributaries and a large area around the NorthGRIP borehole in the ice-sheet interior. The ice-sheet-scale distribution of basal water is, however, poorly constrained by existing observations. In principle, airborne radio-echo sounding (RES) enables the detection of basal water from bed-echo reflectivity, but unambiguous mapping is limited by uncertainty in signal attenuation within the ice. Here we introduce a new, RES diagnostic for basal water that is associated with wet–dry transitions in bed material: bed-echo reflectivity variability. This technique acts as a form of edge detector and is a sufficient, but not necessary, criteria for basal water. However, the technique has the advantage of being attenuation insensitive and suited to combined analysis of over a decade of Operation IceBridge survey data.The basal water predictions are compared with existing analyses of the basal thermal state (frozen and thawed beds) and geothermal heat flux. In addition to the outlet glaciers, we demonstrate widespread water storage in the northern and eastern interior. Notably, we observe a quasilinear corridor of basal water extending from NorthGRIP to Petermann Glacier that spatially correlates with elevated heat flux predicted by a recent magnetic model. Finally, with a general aim to stimulate regional- and process-specific investigations, the basal water predictions are compared with bed topography, subglacial flow paths and ice-sheet motion. The basal water distribution, and its relationship with the thermal state, provides a new constraint for numerical models.
1654: IS SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM OVERLOOKED IN SEPSIS? A 30-DAY READMISSION RATE ANALYSIS (2019)

Ho, Kam Sing1; Nasserifar, Shabnam2; Sheehan, Jacqueline2; Salonia, James1 Author Information