gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron Microscopy Advances for Studies of Catalysis at Atomic-Resolution and at Ambient Pressure Levels (2015)

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Diisobutyl(phosphanyl)alan: ein einfaches PH2-Transferreagens zur Synthese von polyphosphanylierten Verbindungen des Siliciums und Germaniums (2000)

Durch Einleiten von PH3 in eine Lösung von Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid in Hexan entsteht unter Bildung von H2 die Titelverbindung [iBu2AlPH2]3 (4). Das Alan 4 ist in nichtkoordinierenden Solventien wie in Kohlenwasserstoffen vermutlich trimer aufgebaut und zeigt in solchen Lösungen nur eine geringe Tendenz zur Dissoziation. Eine nucleophile Übertragung der PH2-Gruppe von 4 auf E–X-Verbindungen der 14. Gruppe (E = Si, Ge; X = Cl) gelingt erst in Gegenwart von THF, das 4 in das koorespondierende monomere, THF-solvatisierte Alan 5 überführt. Letzteres ist ein bemerkenswert mildes Phosphanylierungsreagens, das einen effizienteren Zugang zu Si(PH2)4 (1), Ge(PH2)4 (2), MeSi(PH2)3 (6) und EtSi(PH2)3 (7) ermöglicht. Diisobutyl(phosphaneyl)alane: a Simple PH2-Transfer Reagent for the Synthesis of Polyphosphaneyl Compounds of Silicon and Germanium Introduction of PH3 into a solution of diisobutylaluminium hydride in hexane furnishes, under evolution of H2, the title compound [iBu2AlPH2]3 (4). The alane 4 is probably trimer in noncoordinating solvents such as hydrocarbons and shows only a marginal tendency in such solutions to undergo dissociation. A nucleophilic transfer of the PH2 group in 4 onto E–X-compounds of group 14 elements (E = Si, Ge; X = Cl) succeeds only in the presence of THF which transforms 4 to the corresponding monomeric, THF-solvated alane 5. The latter is a remarkable mild phosphaneylation reagent, which facilitates access to Si(PH2)4 (1), Ge(PH2)4 (2), MeSi(PH2)3 (6), and EtSi(PH2)3 (7) more efficiently.
Experiments and Modelling Techniques for Heat and Mass Transfer in Light Water Reactors (2009)

The paper summarizes the lesson learned from theoretical and experimental activities performed at the University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, in past decades in order to develop a general methodology of analysis of heat and mass transfer phenomena of interest for nuclear reactor applications. An overview of previously published results is proposed, highlighting the rationale at the basis of the performed work and its relevant conclusions. Experimental data from different sources provided information for model development and assessment. They include condensation experiments performed at SIET (Piacenza, Italy) on the PANTHERS prototypical PCCS module, falling film evaporation tests for simulating AP600‐like outer shell spraying conditions, performed at the University of Pisa, experimental data concerning condensation on finned tubes, collected by CISE (Piacenza, Italy) in the frame of the INCON EU Project, and experimental tests performed in the CONAN experimental facility installed at the University of Pisa. The experience gained in these activities is critically reviewed and discussed to highlight the relevant obtained conclusions and the perspectives for future work.
Enantiomeric discrimination of chiral crown ether ionophores containing phenazine subcyclic unit by ion-selective potentiometry (2010)

In this paper the enatiomeric selectivity of two chiral phenazino-18-crown-6 ether hosts ((R,R)-\textbf1 and (R,R)-\textbf2) is quantified. These hosts were incorporated into plasticized PVC membranes and used as recognition elements of ion-selective electrodes. The potentiometric response towards the two enantiomers of 1-phenylethylammonium ions (PEA+) was measured. Potentiometric selectivity coefficients were calculated which reflect the ratio of the stability constants of the diastereomeric complexes. Ligand (R,R)-\textbf1 does not show enantiomeric recognition, while ligand (R,R)-\textbf2 has a slight preference for the (S)-(-) enantiomer over the (R)-(+) enantiomer manifested by a selectivity coefficient of 0.77. The results were compared to enantioselectivity patterns of the ligands towards &#945; -(1-naphthyl)ethyl ammonium perchlorate (NEA+ClO4-) enantiomers measured by circular dichroism and by 1H NMR titrations.
Compact Reconfigurable Optical Unitary Converter based on Non-Uniform Multimode Interference Coupler (2019)

We propose and demonstrate reconfigurable optical unitary converter with non-uniform multimode interference (MMI) couplers. By using compact 182-μm -long non-uniform MMIs, desired 8×8 unitary operation is obtained with the crosstalk equivalent to that with 364-μm -long uniform-MMIs.
Non-Collocated Position Control of Steel Strip With Electromagnetic Rejection of Unknown Multi-Harmonic Disturbances (2019)

Many industrial processes are affected by periodic disturbances. For instance, vibration of steel strips in hot-dip galvanizing lines entail an inhomogeneous zinc coating of the final product. Excitation by periodic disturbances is also frequently encountered in other control systems. Thus, a number of customized methods for rejection control of unwanted oscillations have been developed in the literature. In this paper, a method for eliminating a multi-harmonic periodic disturbance at an arbitrary user-defined position of a steel strip is proposed. The control task is particularly complicated because the disturbance input, a (single) displacement sensor, a (single) electromagnetic actuator, and the system output to be controlled are located at different positions along the strip. In addition, the electromagnetic actuator used as control input features neither a force sensor nor a distance sensor for measuring the air gap between the strip and the magnetic core. Hence, the actuator operates in a pure feedforward mode. The developed control method is validated by means of an experimental test rig that mimics a scenario from an industrial hot-dip galvanizing line.
Performance Analysis of Laser Active Imaging System Used for Spatial Object (2008)

In order to detect spatial object effectively,the structure of laser active imaging system is described,and the radiation characteristic of spatial object and space circumstance is analyzed in detail.The paper analyzes the performance of laser active imaging system by giving a model of operation range based on the resolving power,the modulation contrast ratio,the minimal detectable laser power,and the signal-to-noise ratio of the system respectively.The simulation calculation for system performance is carried on.The result indicates that the spatial object within some distances can be imaged with this system.
Operando S/TEM Reactions of Pt/TiO2 Catalysts for Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (2020)

Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into the transportation fuel is an attractive concept. Using ex situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (CFP) improves to upgrade bio-oils via catalytic deoxygenation of the biomass pyrolysis vapors. Zeolites are often used in this technique as the catalyst; however, in order to reduce minimum fuel selling price and improve carbon yields, ongoing research emphasizes catalyst optimization. By using bifunctional metal-acid catalysts and utilizing hydrogen, it is possible to improve carbon yields by minimizing the carbon-containing light gasses (since oxygen is removed aswater) and by reducing coke formation. Current research and development activities focuses on Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts as the most promising catalyst candidates for the hydrodeoxygenation process. Here, our aim is to determine the structure-function relationships of the Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst and the role of Pt dispersions within the catalyst on performance, using operando scanning transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM).
IgG Fc galactosylation predicts response to methotrexate in early rheumatoid arthritis (2017)

We show that the FA2/[FA2G1 + FA2G2] of IgG1 is a biomarker candidate that is significantly associated with nonresponding patients and has potential value for prediction of MTX clinical response.
Simultaneous scattering compensation at multiple points in multi-photon microscopy (2021)

The two-photon fluorescence imaging depth has been significantly improved in recent years by compensating for tissue scattering with wavefront correction. However, in most approaches the wavefront corrections are valid only over a small sample region on the order of 1 to 10 µm. In samples where most scattering structures are confined to a single plane, sample conjugate correction geometries can increase the observable field to a few tens of µm. Here, we apply a recently introduced fast converging scheme for sensor-less scattering correction termed "Dynamic Adaptive Scattering compensation Holography" (DASH) in a sample conjugate configuration with a high pixel count nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM). Using a large SLM allows us to simultaneously correct for scattering at multiple field points, which can be distributed over the entire field of view provided by the objective lens. Despite the comparably slow refresh time of LC-SLMs, we achieve correction times on the order of 10 s per field point, which we show is sufficiently fast to counteract scattering at multiple sites in living mouse hippocampal tissue slices.
[Clinical report of a case of CREST syndrome]. (1991)

A case of CREST syndrome presenting with marked diffuse calcinosis and prevailing joint involvement is presented by the authors. Diffractometry revealed the presence of calcified hydroxy-apatite crystals within subcutaneous nodules. Scleroderma-like microcirculatory changes with blood flow alterations typical of Raynaud's syndrome were present on capillaroscopy. The authors feel the case to be of interest not only in view of the rare occurrence of the condition but also of the particular extent and severity of the signs and symptoms presented by this patient.
Overview of graph search and beyond (2015)

Modern Web data is highly structured in terms of entities and relations from large knowledge resources, geo-temporal references and social network structure, resulting in a massive multidimensional graph. This graph essentially unifies both the searcher and the information resources that played a fundamentally different role in traditional IR, and "Graph Search" offers major new ways to access relevant information. Graph search affects both query formulation (complex queries about entities and relations building on the searcher's context) as well as result exploration and discovery (slicing and dicing the information using the graph structure) in a completely personalized way. This new graph based approach introduces great opportunities, but also great challenges, in terms of data quality and data integration, user interface design, and privacy. We view the notion of "graph search" as searching information from your personal point of view (you are the query) over a highly structured and curated information space. This goes beyond the traditional two-term queries and ten blue links results that users are familiar with, requiring a highly interactive session covering both query formulation and result exploration. The workshop attracted a range of researchers working on this and related topics, and made concrete progress working together on one of the greatest challenges in the years to come.
104 Technique of aerodynamic noise reduction by porous material : 2nd report: Experimental results of wake velocities and characteristics of sound absorption(2) (2007)

Aerodynamic noise from bluff bodies is well reduced when they are covered with porous materials. To clarify this mechanism we measured wake velocities behind a cylinder covered with porous material by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique and characteristics of sound absorption of porous material by using pressure transducers and a loud speaker. Vortices shed alternately from the cylinder disappear and a region of zero-velocities is spread widely behind the cylinder. Shear layers between the stationary region and the uniform flow are thin and stable. Porous material does not absorb sound wave. These results suggest that porous material affects mainly the flow field around the bluff bodies and reduces aerodynamic noise by depriving momentum of the wake and suppressing unsteady motion of vortices.
Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Quinoidal Small Molecules: Synthesis, Characterization, Redox Behavior, and n‐Channel Organic Field‐Effect Transistors (2014)

We report the synthesis, characterization, redox behavior, and n-channel organic field-effect (OFET) characteristics of a new class of thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based quinoidal small molecules 3 and 4. Under ambient atmosphere, solution-processed thin-film transistors based on 3 and 4 exhibit maximum electron mobilities up to 0.22 and 0.16 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) , respectively, with on-off current ratios (Ion /Ioff ) of more than than 10(6) . Cyclic voltammetry analysis showed that this class of quinoidal derivatives exhibited excellent reversible two-stage reduction behavior. This property was further investigated by a stepwise reductive titration of 4, in which sequential reduction to the radical anion and then the dianion were observed.
Resistance of pea roots to endomycorrhizal fungus or Rhizobium correlates with enhanced levels of endogenous salicylic acid (1999)

The analysis of SA accumulation in roots of plant symbiotic mutants revealed two independent phenomena associated with the inability of either the plant or the microsymbiont to form a compatible symbiosis. SA accumulation in roots of the wild type and symbiosis-resistant P2 (Nod−, Myc−) Pisum sativum genotypes was induced upon interaction with Glomus mosseae. The amplitude of this accumulation was higher in P2 plants and increased with time, an effect that was not observed in roots of the wild-type P. sativum genotype. Likewise, Rhizobium leguminosarum wild type or a mutant blocked in Nod factor biosynthesis induced SA accumulation in P2, whereas SA accumulation in roots of the wild-type plant was dependent on the inability of the bacterium to produce Nod factors. These results suggest that the sym30 gene, which is mutated in P2 plants, could be implicated in a common pathway that leads to the suppression of an SA-dependent defence mechanism in legume plants against Rhizobium and endomycorrhizal fungi, thus allowing establishment of symbiosis.
Proposal of a new species Pseudomonas bathycetes (1968)

Twenty-three strains of bacteria isolated from mud samples taken in the Pacific Ocean at depths ranging from 9, 400 to 10, 400 meters have been found to be members of the genus Pseudomonas. From results of Adansonian analysis the strains appear to constitute a new species. Pseudomonas bathycetes n. sp. is therefore proposed and the median organism for the group, strain C2M2 (ATCC 23597), is designated as the type strain. Deoxyribonucleic acid base composition determinations and electron micrographs provide confirmatory evidence for the identification and classification of P. bathycetes.
Analysis of the intracellular barriers encountered by nonviral gene carriers in a model of spatially controlled delivery to neurons (2007)

These results highlight distinct intracellular barriers preventing efficient neuronal transfection by the nonviral carriers examined, and provide a basis for the rational improvement of existing nonviral systems.
Estimation of Ground Reaction Forces and Moments During Gait Using Only Inertial Motion Capture (2016)

Ground reaction forces and moments (GRF&amp;M) are important measures used as input in biomechanical analysis to estimate joint kinetics, which often are used to infer information for many musculoskeletal diseases. Their assessment is conventionally achieved using laboratory-based equipment that cannot be applied in daily life monitoring. In this study, we propose a method to predict GRF&amp;M during walking, using exclusively kinematic information from fully-ambulatory inertial motion capture (IMC). From the equations of motion, we derive the total external forces and moments. Then, we solve the indeterminacy problem during double stance using a distribution algorithm based on a smooth transition assumption. The agreement between the IMC-predicted and reference GRF&amp;M was categorized over normal walking speed as excellent for the vertical (<i>ρ</i> = 0.992, rRMSE = 5.3%), anterior (<i>ρ</i> = 0.965, rRMSE = 9.4%) and sagittal (<i>ρ</i> = 0.933, rRMSE = 12.4%) GRF&amp;M components and as strong for the lateral (<i>ρ</i> = 0.862, rRMSE = 13.1%), frontal (<i>ρ</i> = 0.710, rRMSE = 29.6%), and transverse GRF&amp;M (<i>ρ</i> = 0.826, rRMSE = 18.2%). Sensitivity analysis was performed on the effect of the cut-off frequency used in the filtering of the input kinematics, as well as the threshold velocities for the gait event detection algorithm. This study was the first to use only inertial motion capture to estimate 3D GRF&amp;M during gait, providing comparable accuracy with optical motion capture prediction. This approach enables applications that require estimation of the kinetics during walking outside the gait laboratory.
Shaping an efficient adaptive immune microenvironment in human cancer (2008)

The importance of reaction controlling tumor invasion and metastasis has been debated but is of seminal importance for identifying novel targets for cancer treatment through immunointervention. The participation of chronic inflammation tumor promotion is well established and recognized but the involvement of tumor-rejecting responses is largely disregarded. Based on the analysis of immuno-compromised animals, the group of R.D. Schreiber has established that tumors arise and grow all mice deficient for both adaptive and innate immunity, bringing experimental evidence to the immunosurveillance theory. In man, epidemiologic evidence of higher incidence of cancers immunodeficient individuals or allografted patients also supported the theory but no direct evidence of the impact of reactions among the factors controlling clinical outcome had been established. We addressed the question of the role of the in situ type, location and functional orientation, i.e. the immune contexture three human cancers, two arising immunoactive sites (colorectal and lung) and one an immunological sanctuary (primary intra-ocular lymphoma). Using high throughput analysis of the components of the system, we first established that the presence of high adaptive infiltration the center and the margin of colorectal tumors was the strongest prognosticator of disease free survival, recurrence and overall survival above the classical tumor associated factors, such as age differentiation and lymph node involvement. Similar results were obtained non small cell lung cancers, both adenocarcinomas and squamous cell, with the additional characterization of tumor-associated lymphoid islets as being the putative location of an anti-tumor reaction. In primary intraocular lymphoma, where there is no pre-existing inflammation or immunity the eye, the tumor also attracts a TH1 and CD8 infiltration with shared characteristics with the TH1/CD8 reaction colorectal and lung carcinomas. We believe that the fact that adaptive reactions present three different human cancers are major prognosticators of clinical outcome supports the hypothesis of efficient responses which control the long term the metastatic potential of circulating tumor cells and represent targets and tools for immunointervention. The mechanisms underlying the shaping of an efficient response are being deciphered. This abstract was published Cancer Immunity, a Cancer Research Institute journal that ceased publication 2013 and is now provided online association with Cancer Immunology Research.
User authentication mechanism using authentication server in home network (2006)

User authentication is an essential component for secured home network service. It enables non-authorized persons not to use the home network. User authentication mechanisms supplying various authentication methods can provide user convenience in user authentication. To add to this, the use of the home gateway included in the authentication server function enable users to be authenticated in the home gateway, the users can use all authorized home network service and Internet contents services. It is possible by the authentication agent of the home gateway. This paper describes user authentication mechanism using authentication server.
The impact of variations in component values on power-frequency control of bi-directional Inductive Power Transfer systems (2012)

Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) is a technology that is suitable for supplying power to a wide range of applications with no physical contacts. Amongst numerous control strategies that have been reported to regulate both uni-directional and bi-directional contactless power flow of IPT systems, power-frequency control strategy can be regarded as the most recent technique. The power-frequency control technique regulates and limits the power flow without any dedicated communication by changing the frequency of operation in accordance with the power-frequency characteristic of the IPT system. This paper examines the impact of variations in component values on the effectiveness of the power-frequency control strategy, which is yet to be investigated. Mathematical expressions are derived for control variables to theoretically determine the degree of influence of component values on both reactive and active power flows in the system. A MATLAB/PLECS model is also developed for a 1 kW bi-directional IPT system to validate the mathematical analyses. Sensitivity of the power-frequency control technique and its effectiveness on IPT systems are investigated for variations in parameter values. Theoretical and simulated results indicate that the power-frequency control strategy is robust and not affected by the variations in component values when operated within its frequency band.
Scavenging Tumor‐Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles by Functionalized 2D Materials to Inhibit Tumor Regrowth and Metastasis Following Radiotherapy (2022)

Abstract Radiotherapy is essential for treating unresectable or metastatic breast cancer, but radiotherapy‐induced tumor cell death generates small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that promote tumor regrowth and metastasis following treatment. Here cationic nanosheets with a high sEVs‐binding capacity that suppress sEVs‐induced tumor regrowth and metastasis following radiotherapy is developed. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) monolayers are prepared by using lithium ions as intercalation agents, and are functionalized with cationic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. The MoS 2 ‐PAMAM particles exhibit a corrugated sheet‐like nanostructure with a larger surface‐to‐volume ratio than spherical PAMAM‐functionalized particles, resulting in greater sEVs binding capacity. Treatment of MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cells with the MoS 2 ‐PAMAM nanosheets reduces sEVs‐induced Toll‐like receptor activation and tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion to a greater extent than treatment with spherical PAMAM nanoparticles. In a mouse 4T1 metastatic breast cancer model, the nanosheets exhibit greater inhibition of tumor regrowth and metastasis after radiotherapy than the spherical nanoparticles, demonstrating the potential of these sEVs‐scavenging nanosheets for improving outcomes for breast cancer radiotherapy patients. The work reveals a pivotal role of the 2D sheet‐like materials in binding sEVs, indicating the significance of nanoscale geometry in developing the next‐generation sEVs‐scavenging biomaterials.
"Stable Labeled Isotopes as Internal Standards: A Critical Review" (2017)

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