gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene and related two-dimensional materials: Structure-property relationships for electronics and optoelectronics (2017)

The exfoliation and identification of the two-dimensional (2D) single atomic layer of carbon have opened the opportunity to explore graphene and related 2D materials due to their unique properties. 2D materials are regarded as one of the most exciting solutions for next generation electronics and optoelectronics in the technological evolution of semiconductor technology. In this review, we focus on the core concept of “structure-property relationships” to explain the state-of-the-art of 2D materials and summarize the unique electrical and light-matter interaction properties in 2D materials. Based on this, we discuss and analyze the structural properties of 2D materials, such as defects and dopants, the number of layers, composition, phase, strain, and other structural characteristics, which could significantly alter the properties of 2D materials and hence affect the performance of semiconductor devices. In particular, the building blocks principles and potential electronic and optoelectronic applications based on 2D materials are explained and illustrated. Indeed, 2D materials and related heterostructures offer the promise for challenging the existing technologies and providing the chance to have social impact. More efforts are expected to propel this exciting field forward.
Plasma Adiponectin Is an Independent Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes in Asian Indians (2003)

In Asian Indians, low plasma adiponectin level was predictive of future development of diabetes.
Runtime Adjustment of IoT System-on-Chips for Minimum Energy Operation (2018)

Energy-constrained Systems-on-Chips (SoC) are becoming major components of many emerging applications, especially in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain. Although the best energy efficiency is achieved when the SoC operates in the near-threshold region, the best operating point for maximum energy efficiency could vary depending on operating temperature, workload, and the power-gating state (power modes) of various SoC components at runtime. This paper presents a lightweight machine-learning based scheme to predict and tune the SoC to the most energy efficient supply voltage at the firmware level during runtime, considering the impacts of temperature variation and power-gating of SoC components while meeting the performance and reliability requirements. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can determine the most energy efficient supply voltage of a circuit with high-accuracy (RMSE = 7mV), while considering the runtime performance and reliability constraints.
Q -switching cleaved-coupled-cavity laser with an integrated intracavity modulator (1984)

We describe fabrication and performance of a Q-switching cleaved-coupled-cavity laser with an integrated intracavity modulator. The pulse repetition frequency of this 3-section device was tunable between 320 and 450 MHz with an external microwave injected signal, the modulation depth of the pulsations was 80–100% with a nearly single-longitudinal-mode output spectrum, and the Q-switched light pulses were modulated by a pseudorandom PCM signal at 322 Mbit/s.
Unbinding of the streptavidin-biotin complex by atomic force microscopy: A hybrid simulation study (2006)

A hybrid molecular simulation technique, which combines molecular dynamics and continuum mechanics, was used to study the single-molecule unbinding force of a streptavidin-biotin complex. The hybrid method enables atomistic simulations of unbinding events at the millisecond time scale of atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments. The logarithmic relationship between the unbinding force of the streptavidin-biotin complex and the loading rate (the product of cantilever spring constant and pulling velocity) in AFM experiments was confirmed by hybrid simulations. The unbinding forces, cantilever and tip positions, locations of energy barriers, and unbinding pathway were analyzed. Hybrid simulation results from this work not only interpret unbinding AFM experiments but also provide detailed molecular information not available in AFM experiments.
Mapping XML DTDs to relational schemas (2005)

Summary form only given. As extensible markup language (XML) is emerging as the data format of the Internet era. This is creating a new set of data management requirements involving XML, such as the need to store and query XML documents. One way to satisfy these requirements is using relational database by transforming XML data into relations. In this paper we propose a mapping technique that describes how the various definitions in a given XML DTD, such as elements, attributes, parent-child relationships, ID-IDREF(s) attributes can be mapped to entities and relationships, describes how to handle the Union types that are not present in relational model, and shows that XML's ordered data model can be efficiently supported by the unordered relational data model.
An interaction device to foster discussions and engagement in museums (2014)

Museums propose more and more digital devices to enrich the visits. However, these devices can take much of the visitor's attention and hinder the social dimension of the visit. We propose a device for groups. It provides a non-intrusive interaction with the aim to foster discussions between visitors. The device has been deployed and experimented in a fine art museum. We describe in this article the design of the device as well as the experiment and results. It allowed us to validate acceptability and usability of the device and shows a positive effect about engagement with the artworks and to a lower extent an effect on discussions between visitors.
A Planar Hall Thruster for Investigating Electron Mobility in ExB Devices (2007)

Stable operation of a Hall thruster that emits and collects the Hall current across a planar discharge channel is described. The planar Hall thruster (PHT) is being investigated for use as a test bed to study electron mobility in ExB devices. The planar geometry attempts to de-couple the complex electron motion found in annular thrusters by using simplified geometry. During this initial test, the PHT was operated at discharge voltages between 50-150 V to verify operability and stability of the device. Hall current was emitted by hollow cathode electron sources and collected by electrodes on the opposing wall of the thruster. Internal channel wall probes along with a downstream Faraday probe and retarding potential analyzer measured changes in thruster plasma as the Hall current, discharge voltage, magnetic field, and mass flow rates were changed. Results show that most of the plume ions are created in the acceleration zone. Further, increasing the magnetic field confines electrons to the Hall-drift region. This causes the Hall current to increase and the discharge current to decrease. Future experiments with this thruster are being planned to shed light on electron mobility in both planar and annular ExB geometry.
Melanopic Limits of Metamer Spectral Optimisation in Multi-Channel Smart Lighting Systems (2021)

Modern indoor lighting faces the challenge of finding an appropriate balance between energy consumption, legal requirements, visual performance, and the circadian effectiveness of a spectrum. Multi-channel LED luminaires have the option of keeping image-forming metrics steady while varying the melanopic radiance through metamer spectra for non-visual purposes. Here, we propose the theoretical concept of an automated smart lighting system that is designed to satisfy the user’s visual preference through neural networks while triggering the non-visual pathway via metamers. To quantify the melanopic limits of metamers at a steady chromaticity point, we have used 561 chromaticity coordinates along the Planckian locus (2700 K to 7443 K, ±Duv 0 to 0.048) as optimisation targets and generated the spectra by using a 6-channel, 8-channel, and 11-channel LED combination at three different luminance levels. We have found that in a best-case scenario, the melanopic radiance can be varied up to 65% while keeping the chromaticity coordinates constant (Δu′v′≤7.05×10−5) by using metamer spectra. The highest melanopic metamer contrast can be reached near the Planckian locus between 3292 and 4717 K within a Duv range of −0.009 to 0.006. Additionally, we publish over 1.2 million optimised spectra generated by multichannel LED luminaires as an open-source dataset along with this work.
Splanchnic perfusion and regional pulmonary blood flow during cardiac bypass (2001)

s and Programme: European Society of Anaesthesiologists; 9th Annual Meeting with the Swedish Society of Anaesthesiology; Gothenburg, Sweden, 7-10 April 2001: Clinical and Experimental Circulation
Adaptive power control for underwater acoustic communications (2011)

Experimental measurements of shallow water acoustic channels show that the received signal power varies over time as the channel experiences fading. This fact motivates the use of adaptive power (or rate) control as a way to improve the system performance or save the transmit power. In a system with adaptive power control, the transmitter adjusts its power so that the received power remains at a pre-specified level whenever possible, or it shuts down when the channel conditions deteriorate beyond some point. Adaptive power control relies on feedback by which the receiver informs the transmitter of the present channel state. The transmitter can then predict the next state and adjust its power accordingly. This procedure will be effective if the channel variations are slow enough for the feedback mechanism to be implemented. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of adaptive power control for underwater acoustic (UWA) communications using data recorded during the Surface Processes Acoustic Communications Experiment (SPACE) which was conducted off the coast of New England in a shallow water channel over a range of 1 km. The slow variations of the locally-averaged received power are shown to exhibit properties of a log-normally distributed autoregressive (AR) process with a coherence time on the order of several seconds. Adaptive prediction of the gain is applied to experimental data, demonstrating the feasibility of power control and indicating that substantial savings in average power are available over extended periods of time (about 9 dB over several hours). These values are also confirmed by a theoretical analysis.
Heterodimers of bHLH-PAS Protein Fragments Derived from AhR, AhRR, and Arnt Prepared by Co-Expression in Escherichia coli: Characterization of Their DNA Binding Activity and Preparation of a DNA Complex (2003)

AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor), AhRR (AhR repressor), and Arnt (AhR nuclear translocator) are members of the bHLH (basic-helix-loop-helix)-PAS (Per-AhR/Arnt-Sim homology sequence) transcription factor superfamily. They associate with each other to form heterodimers, AhR/Arnt or AhRR/Arnt, and bind the XRE (xenobiotic responsive element) sequences in the promoter regions of the target genes to regulate their expression. Their basic regions and HLH motifs mediate DNA binding activity and protein dimerization, respectively. The PAS domain includes two incomplete repeats, PAS-A and PAS-B, and is considered to determine the specificity on protein dimerization. However, the three-dimensional structures of PAS folds reported so far are all monomeric, therefore, little is known about the structural basis of protein interaction through PAS domains. In the present study, we prepared heterodimeric bHLH-PAS domains derived from AhR and Arnt, and AhRR and Arnt by co-expressing each pair in E. coli, and showed that the heterodimers formed exhibited full DNA-binding activity, which was not apparently affected by deletion of the highly basic amino acid cluster most N-terminal as to the HLH region of AhR or AhRR. Methylation of the two CpG sites in the XRE core sequence reduced the binding affinity to heterodimeric proteins, with 5-methylcytosine in the AhR recognition site exhibiting a greater inhibitory effect than that in the Arnt recognition site.
Improved fab CDU with FlexRay and LithoTuner (2011)

FlexRay programmable illumination and LithoTuner software is combined in several use cases. The first use case is optical proximity error (OPE) minimization. Simulation predicts the rms OPE error is reduced by 39% with LithoTuner and FlexRay, and is confirmed via experiment with a reduction of 33%. For minimizing the OPE error, two types of illumination tuning was performed, sigma tuning and freeform tuning. The sigma tuning is able to reduce the mean-totarget critical dimension (CD) error, but the CD error variance is unaffected. Freeform tuning, however, is able to reduce both the mean-to-target CD and the CD error variance. The second use case is matching two ArF scanners, a XT:1950Hi with FlexRay to a XT:1700Fi with diffractive optical element (DOE) illumination. With LithoTuner and FlexRay, simulation predicts the CD error post-matching is reduced by 51%, and experiment was able to achieve a reduction of 29%.
Probing the interplay between electrostatic and dispersion interactions in the solvation of nonpolar nonaromatic solute molecules in ionic liquids: An OKE spectroscopic study of CS2/[CnC1im][NTf2] mixtures (n = 1–4) (2014)

The intermolecular dynamics of dilute solutions of CS2 in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethane)sulfonyl]amide ([CnC1im][NTf2] for n = 1-4) were studied at 295 K using femtosecond optical Kerr effect (OKE) spectroscopy. The OKE spectra of the CS2/ionic liquid (IL) mixtures were analyzed using an additivity model to obtain the CS2 contribution to the OKE spectrum from which information about the intermolecular modes of CS2 in these mixtures was gleaned. The intermolecular spectrum of CS2 in these mixtures is lower in frequency and narrower than that of neat CS2, as found previously for CS2 in [C5C1im][NTf2]. Moreover, a dependence of the spectra on alkyl chain length is observed that is attributed to the interplay between electrostatic and dispersion interactions. The surprising result in this study is the solubility of CS2 in [C1C1im][NTf2], which involves the interaction of a nonpolar nonaromatic molecular solute and only the charged groups of the IL. We propose that the solubility of CS2 in [C1C1im][NTf2] is determined by three favorable factors - (1) large polarizability of the solute molecule; (2) small size of the solute molecule; and (3) low cohesive energy in the high-charge density regions of the IL.
THE EFFECTS OF OKT4A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY ON CELLULAR IMMUNITY OF NONHUMAN PRIMATE RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS (1992)

Significant differences in cellular responses were found among allograft recipients treated with various OKT4A mAb protocols. Recipients of multiple infusion low-dose and 2-bolus OKT4A immunosuppressive regimens regularly showed potent donor-specific cytotoxic CD8+ and CD4+ intragraft T cells and donor-reactive PBMC in MLC tests. In contrast, PBMC isolated from recipients of high-dose OKT4A therapy generally showed very weak or no response to donor-antigens during the later posttransplant periods. Furthermore, an absence of IL2-responsive intragraft cells was found to correlate with stable graft function in these recipients. We conclude that OKT4A mAb, in high doses, can block allosensitization and induce donor-specific nonresponsiveness in vivo. An OKT4A-based therapy, therefore, may have the potential of inducing long-lasting donor-specific immunosuppression, or even tolerance.
The Diphtheria and Pertussis Components of Diphtheria‐Tetanus Toxoids–Pertussis Vaccine Should Be Genetically Inactivated Mutant Toxins (2004)

Replacement of cellular with acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines has considerably reduced the systemic reactions observed with diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis vaccine but has not eliminated the extensive swelling (sometimes involving an entire limb) observed after the fifth injection of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-aP (DTaP) vaccine. This local reaction, which is likely an Arthus hypersensitivity reaction caused by high levels of antibodies reacting with DTaP vaccine, could discourage its use in adults, who serve as the major reservoir of pertussis for infants. That a critical level of antibodies to pertussis toxin is both essential and sufficient to prevent infection with Bordetella pertussis is derived from data from animal and clinical studies, including data showing the similarities between the immunity induced by diphtheria and pertussis toxoids. The genetically inactivated diphtheria and pertussis mutant toxins are more immunogenic and, therefore, induce comparable levels of antitoxin at lower protein levels than do the formalin-treated native toxins. Replacement of the diphtheria and aP components with these improved antigens will reduce the amount of protein in DTaP vaccine and, most likely, the incidence and severity of local reactions in teenagers and adults.
Dwarf Tomato and Dwarf Pepper as Potential Space Crops (2019)

Crops for space life support systems and in particular, early supplemental food production systems must be able to fit into the confined volume of space craft or space habitats. For example, spaceflight plant chambers such as Svet, Lada, Astroculture, BPS, and Veggie provided approximately 15-40 cm of growing height for plant shoots. Six cultivars each of tomato and pepper were selected for initial study based on their advertised dwarf growth and high yields. Plants were grown in 10-cm pots with solid potting medium and controlled-release fertilizer to simulate the rooting constraints that might be faced in space environments. Lighting was provided by fluorescent lamps (~300 umol m(exp -1) s(exp -1) and a 16 h light / 8 h dark photoperiod. Cultivars were then down selected to three each for pepper (cvs. Red Skin, Pompeii, and Fruit Basket) and tomato (cvs. Red Robin, Mohamed, and Sweet n' Neat). In all cases (pepper and tomato), the plants grew to an approximate height of 20 cm and produced between 200 and 300 g fruit fresh mass per plant. In previous hydroponic studies with unrestricted root growth, Fruit Basket pepper and Red Robin tomato produced much larger plants with taller shoots. The findings suggest that high value, nutritious crops like tomato and pepper could be grown within small volumes of space habitats, but horticultural issues, such as rooting volume could be important in controlling plant size.
Open‐Pore Biodegradable Foams Prepared via Gas Foaming and Microparticulate Templating (2008)

Open-pore biodegradable foams with controlled porous architectures were prepared by combining gas foaming and microparticulate templating. Microparticulate composites of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and micrometric sodium chloride particles (NaCl), in concentrations ranging from 70/30 to 20/80 wt.-% of PCL/NaCl were melt-mixed and gas-foamed using carbon dioxide as physical blowing agent. The effects of microparticle concentration, foaming temperature, and pressure drop rate on foam microstructure were surveyed and related to the viscoelastic properties of the polymer/microparticle composite melt. Results showed that foams with open-pore networks can be obtained and that porosity, pore size, and interconnectivity may be finely modulated by optimizing the processing parameters. Furthermore, the ability to obtain a spatial gradient of porosity embossed within the three-dimensional polymer structure was exploited by using a heterogeneous microparticle filling. Results indicated that by foaming composites with microparticle concentration gradients, it was also possible to control the porosity and pore-size spatial distribution of the open-pore PCL foams.
The concentric-ring phased-array hyperthermia applicator: problems associated with directly synthesized annular heating patterns (1989)

The authors investigate the synthesis of different size annular patterns and examine the relative intensities produced in the ultrasonic field proximal and distal to the focal plane. Computer simulations using a concentric-ring array are presented and discussed. The size and position of the synthesized annular patterns are varied by adjusting the phase and amplitude of the driving signal to each array element. It is demonstrated that annular patterns need to be larger than a limiting size (R(s)) to avoid excessive energy accumulation along the array axis. Analysis and computer simulations demonstrate that smaller size annual patterns (r</=R(s)) are always associated with intense hot spots along the axis (beyond the focal plane). On the other hand, simulated temperature distributions associated with large patterns (r>/=R(s)) show that while therapeutic temperatures are reached at the periphery, the tumor center temperature cannot be evenly raised.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fargesin on Chemically Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice (2018)

Fargesin is a bioactive lignan from <i>Flos Magnoliae</i>, an herb widely used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and headache in Asia. We sought to investigate whether fargesin ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice. Oral administration of fargesin significantly attenuated the symptoms of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice by decreasing the inflammatory infiltration and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, reducing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion, and inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production in colitis mice. The degradation of inhibitory κBα (IκBα), phosphorylation of p65, and mRNA expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) target genes were inhibited by fargesin treatment in the colon of the colitis mice. In vitro, fargesin blocked the nuclear translocation of p-p65, downregulated the protein levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and dose-dependently inhibited the activity of NF-κB-luciferase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Taken together, for the first time, the current study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of fargesin on chemically induced IBD might be associated with NF-κB signaling suppression. The findings may contribute to the development of therapies for human IBD by using fargesin or its derivatives.
A cooperative approach to the building production management systems (2003)

Our proposal is to enable partners of a construction project to share all the technical data produced and handled during the building production process. Thanks to the Internet, our system links distributed databases and allows building partners to access and manipulate specific information remotely. Our system provides an updated building representation that is being enriched and refined all along the building production process.
Relative timing [asynchronous design] (2003)

Relative timing (RT) is introduced as a method for asynchronous design. Timing requirements of a circuit are made explicit using relative timing. Timing can be directly added, removed, and optimized using this style. RT synthesis and verification are demonstrated on three example circuits, facilitating transformations from speed-independent circuits to burst-mode and pulse-mode circuits. Relative timing enables improved performance, area, power, and functional testability of up to a factor of 3/spl times/ in all three cases. This method is the foundation of optimized timed circuit designs used in an industrial test chip, and may be formalized and automated.
Different Activation of TRAF4 and TRAF6 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2013)

In recent years, interests combining the exploration of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) and TRAF6 in immune cells and transgenic mice are emerging. Although it has been found that TRAF4 and TRAF6 share the same TRAF binding sites, comprehensive study of TRAF4 and TRAF6 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still lacking. This paper shows similar and different expression patterns of TRAF4 and TRAF6 in patients with IBD. The results indicate that TRAF4 and TRAF6 are overexpressed in IBD. TRAF4 and TRAF6 play different roles in the pathogenesis of IBD. Moreover, TRAF4 may be an indicator of endoscopic disease activity of UC and TRAF6 preactivation can be detected in noninflamed colonic segments.