gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia Redux: Common Parasitic Infections Presenting Frequently in Refugees and Immigrants (2006)

Although the causes of peripheral blood eosinophilia are myriad, eosinophilia in refugees or immigrants from many parts of the world is most often a reflection of parasitic helminth (worm) infection. Soiltransmitted helminth infection affects more than 1.5 billion persons worldwide. If schistosome and filarial infections are added into the equation—even accounting for polyparasitism—this number reaches 12 billion persons. Thus, it stands to reason that many refugees and immigrants from areas where parasitic helminth infections are endemic present to clinicians with eosinophilia. The number of refugees (defined as individuals seeking refuge or asylum from their native country, typically because of persecution or fear of persecution) who came to the United States increased dramatically between 1980 and 2000 [1]. Although the number of refugees who come to the United States has diminished slightly in the past 5 years, the total number of all immigrants has increased, particularly the number of those from Africa and the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. As a consequence, the health concerns of the immigrant and refugee populations have fallen on the shoulders of the community health systems in the cities and nearby regions that harbor these newly arrived people. The health problems likely to be encountered in this population include not only infectious diseases (e.g., latent tuberculosis, hepatitis B, intestinal parasites, and HIV infection), but also depression, other psychological disorders, anemia, dermatological conditions, dental problems, and trauma-induced injuries [2‐6]. This information has been widely disseminated, and those who screen refugees and immigrants have become quite aware of which medical conditions they need to monitor routinely.
Helicobacter pylori infection (2002)

Current standard treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection provide eradication rates 80 to 90%. These rates have been achieved with a variety of 1 -week triple therapies using two antibiotics and an acid suppressant. Antibiotic resistance, which may develop during failed treatment, is becoming increasingly common and has led to studies of new regimens for primary therapy, and new strategies for salvage of failed therapy. Other regimens have been designed and tested with the aim of decreasing the cost of initial therapy or to improve compliance, but abbreviated regimens have high incidence of failure and may add to the problem of resistance. Increasing attention has been paid to the need for, and timing of, the determination of antibiotic resistance of H. pylori isolates either at the time of initial diagnosis or after treatment failure. New, simpler, and noninvasive methods are offered for follow-up to determine if eradication has been successful. Treatment regimens should be chosen based on local drug susceptibility patterns and the availability of approved therapeutic agents in each country. Established indications for testing for H. pylori and administering therapy include active or inactive peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, as well as hyperplastic polyps, hyperplastic gastropathy, postendoscopic resection for gastric malignancy, and acute H. pylori gastritis. It is now largely accepted that noninvestigated dyspepsia is an indication for testing for and treating H. pylori, but that dyspeptic symptoms shown not to be associated with ulcer (nonulcer dyspepsia) do not now provide an indication for testing. Controversial or unresolved indications for testing and treating include planned use of chronic antisecretory therapy, planned use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and use as a general approach to the prevention of gastric cancer.
GAIT PATTERNS AFTER POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY: A COMPARISON OF SYMPTOMATIC AND ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS (2014)

This study examined chronic, isolated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) rupture patients, dividing them into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups according to whether they displayed obvious symptoms in daily activities. Each group comprised 10 patients while 10 healthy, young individuals were adopted as the control group. Using a three-dimensional motion analysis system and force plates, the gait patterns of the PCL-deficient patients were analyzed from both kinematics and kinetics perspectives to identify whether they differed from the control group and to compare symmetry between the injured and uninjured sides. The results showed that the symptomatic PCL-deficient group was closer to "normal", and the asymptomatic PCL-deficient group showed less knee extension moment and lower power absorption in the terminal stance than the control group. Additionally, the symptomatic PCL-deficient group appeared to have a relatively symmetric gait while the asymptomatic PCL-deficient group primarily showed an asymmetric gait also occurring in the terminal stance, including less joint moment and lower power absorption of the hip and knee, and lower vertical ground reaction force (GRF). Regarding the gait adaptations of the asymptomatic PCL-deficient group these compensation mechanisms are most likely to have been produced in order to assist in joint stabilization and reduce symptoms in joints.
Three parameters simultaneous measurement with a single TFBG (2011)

A sensor for simultaneous measurements of strain, temperature and refractive index (RI) is proposed. The device is based on a single 8º tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG). Monitoring the core mode and ghost mode wavelength, it is possible to discriminate strain and temperature. The RI measurement is obtained through computation of the transmission spectrum area. Resolutions up to 4 &mu;&epsilon;, 3.1 ºC and 5.7 x10<sup>-4</sup> were achieved. The present sensor can be an important tool in the sensing field.
Prednisone, Lupus Activity, and Permanent Organ Damage (2009)

Our results suggest that low doses of prednisone do not result in a substantially increased risk of irreversible organ damage.
Implementation of high current density cathodes in high frequency RF sources (2012)

High current density cathodes are being developed for high frequency RF sources into the Terahertz regime. These cathodes allow significant reduction in cathode size, significantly improving performance and facilitating assembly of the RF device. High current density operation reduces, or eliminates, beam compression between the cathode and RF circuit. This is facilitating the development of a new generation of RF sources.
Synovial sarcoma of childhood and adolescence. Report of the german CWS-81 study (1993)

The results appeared superior to previous experience using radical surgery alone and suggested that after initial, nonmutilating surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, and irradiation contributed to the improved long-term survival.
Energy Efficient Design of Massive MIMO: How Many Antennas? (2015)

We provide explicit formulas for the optimal number of antennas per base station to maximize the cell total energy efficiency of a power- controlled multi-cell Massive MIMO. Furthermore, we show that equipping the same number of antennas in each base station results in virtually no loss in energy efficiency due to the flatness of energy efficiency function. Conjugate beamforming compares very competitively with zero-forcing and in fact, due to the loss in effective array gain and the additional computational cost in zero-forcing, conjugate beamforming can achieve better energy efficiency when per user throughput demand is moderate. In single cell case, we provide explicit algebraic formulas for the optimal number of antennas and optimal radiated power when a target per user throughput is given.
Caspase-mediated cleavage of HuR in the cytoplasm contributes to pp32/PHAP-I regulation of apoptosis (2008)

The RNA-binding protein HuR affects cell fate by regulating the stability and/or the translation of messenger RNAs that encode cell stress response proteins. In this study, we delineate a novel regulatory mechanism by which HuR contributes to stress-induced cell death. Upon lethal stress, HuR translocates into the cytoplasm by a mechanism involving its association with the apoptosome activator pp32/PHAP-I. Depleting the expression of pp32/PHAP-I by RNA interference reduces both HuR cytoplasmic accumulation and the efficiency of caspase activation. In the cytoplasm, HuR undergoes caspase-mediated cleavage at aspartate 226. This cleavage activity is significantly reduced in the absence of pp32/PHAP-I. Substituting aspartate 226 with an alanine creates a noncleavable isoform of HuR that, when overexpressed, maintains its association with pp32/PHAP-I and delays the apoptotic response. Thus, we propose a model in which HuR association with pp32/PHAP-I and its caspase-mediated cleavage constitutes a regulatory step that contributes to an amplified apoptotic response.
Boundary layer stabilization via physical and thermodynamic roughness (2023)

The coupling effect of physical and thermodynamic wall roughness is investigated using nonlinear parabolized stability equations. In-phase wall temperature cooling superimposed on a patch of wavy wall results in a synergetic coupling effect that delays the transition to turbulence.
DDR2 DRAM Output Timing Optimization (2006)

The speed of DRAMs is increasing from generation to generation. This paper gives an overview of typical DRAM output timing challenges. Tight output timing specifications in the order of several 100ps are presented. Specification requirements lead to efforts to improve the output driver design. A systematic test strategy evaluates limits of automatic test equipment (ATE) overall timing accuracy (OTA) and device performance. Systematic output timing characterization data leads to guidelines for design improvements. A good characterization strategy gives a feedback to the design of specific weaknesses of output drivers and enables ATEs to test these parameters with high accuracy
Formulation and Evaluation of Extended Release Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride Hard Gelatin Capsules (2011)

This work aims at investigating different types and levels of hydrophilic high molecular weight matrix agents, (including HPMC K15M, Metalose-60 SH, Metalose-65 SH and Metalose-90SH-SR), hydrophobic diluent (Talc) and formulation methods (Non-aqueous granulation and direct filling by simple mere mixture) in an attempt to formulate hard gelatin extended release matrix capsules containing Trihexyphenidyl HCl (Benzhexol). The drug release from all the extended release matrix capsules show polymer as well as talc concentration dependent retardation affect. The Metalose 90SH-SR concentration was optimized to approximately 27% w/w of total capsule net content weight. The hydrophobic diluent’s talc concentration was optimized and the useful concentration was approximately 17.45% w/w of the total net capsule content weight. The lactose concentration was also optimized and the effective concentration was found to be approximately 48.36% w/w. The prepared hard gelatin extended release capsules were evaluated for weight variation, Average net content, locked length, content uniformity, assay (drug content) and in-vitro drug release studies. From the in-vitro release studies of the prepared formulations, one formula was optimized from each method. All the formulations showed linear release profiles and extended the release of trihexyphenidyl HCl (Benzhexol) over 10 –12 h. The release profiles of extended release matrix capsules of trihexyphenidyl HCl (THP HCl) from the selected formulations were close to zero order and follow diffusion dependent release. The prepared extended release matrix capsules of trihexyphenidyl HCl (Benzhexol) produced from the optimized formulations ‘NAG-M90SH-SR-5 and DB M90SH-SR-4’ complied with the USP XXVII specifications. The difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2) was calculated for all these formulations and found to the below 15 and above 50. Irrespective of the formulation method type and its procedure, the prepared hydrophilic extended release matrix capsules showed non-Fickian anomalous transport (coupled diffusion in the hydrated matrix and polymer relaxation) as the values of release exponent (n) are in between 0.50 and 0.89. Finally it was clear that it is possible to design a formulation with any of the above two methods giving the desired drug release profile suggesting that nonaqueous granulation, Direct filling were good methods for preparing extended release matrix capsules of trihexyphenidyl HCl (Benzhexol).
Active aperture-coupled rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (1995)

A novel configuration of an active aperture-coupled dielectric resonator antenna is reported. The design methodology is discussed and experimental results in the frequency range 4-6 GHz are presented. A comparison between an active aperture-coupled dielectric resonator antenna and an active aperture-coupled microstrip patch antenna is presented. The results presented should have useful potential applications in phased arrays and communication systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The lowest-loss of 0.35 dB/km in an aluminum-doped SM optical fiber (2006)

We report the lowest attenuation of 0.35 dB/km @ 1550 nm achieved in the aluminum-doped, SMF-28reg-like, SM optical fiber. Additional features such as lower n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , dispersion, and dispersion-slope, higher SBS threshold and better profiling stability have also been demonstrated
Modelling the association between adherence and viral load in HIV-infected patients (2005)

The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of adherence to prescribed antiretroviral therapy on virologic response measured repeatedly over time in HIV-infected patients. To this end observations on plasma viral load (HIV RNA) assessed in copies/ml are categorized into four clinically meaningful states, [0--50[, [50--400[, [400--2000[, [2000 and up. A time-dependent continuation ratio model is used to analyse longitudinal ordinal responses. The main challenge lies in modelling dependencies over time and using information contained in the data efficiently to establish a dynamic relation between observed patient adherence and viral load. Among the several measures of adherence investigated, two specifically account for long periods of time without intake. One is derived from the third moment of the inter-dose interval distribution, while the second reflects internal drug exposure using pharmacokinetic parameters. The approach is applied to a clinical trial involving 35 patients who were followed over 12 months. Results demonstrate a significant relation between patient adherence and virologic response.
Quantification of Blueberry Shoestring Virus RNA and Antigen in its Aphid Vector,Illinoia pepperi,During Acquisition, Retention, and Transmission (1991)

Blueberry shoestring virus (BBSSV) was monitored in late instars of Illinoia pepperi by dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a silver-enhanced colloidal gold immunosorbent assay, and dot-hybridization. Aphids acquired BBSSV antigen and BBSSV RNA at a rapid rate during the initial 24-h acquisition access period (AAP) from Parafilm sachets containing purified BBSSV, but the acquisition rate leveled off and declined thereafter during subsequent AAPs at intervals of up to 96 h (...)
Atlas-Guided Segmentation of Vervet Monkey Brain MRI (2011)

The vervet monkey is an important nonhuman primate model that allows the study of isolated environmental factors in a controlled environment. Analysis of monkey MRI often suffers from lower quality images compared with human MRI because clinical equipment is typically used to image the smaller monkey brain and higher spatial resolution is required. This, together with the anatomical differences of the monkey brains, complicates the use of neuroimage analysis pipelines tuned for human MRI analysis. In this paper we developed an open source image analysis framework based on the tools available within the 3D Slicer software to support a biological study that investigates the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on brain morphometry in a longitudinally followed population of male vervets. We first developed a computerized atlas of vervet monkey brain MRI, which was used to encode the typical appearance of the individual brain structures in MRI and their spatial distribution. The atlas was then used as a spatial prior during automatic segmentation to process two longitudinal scans per subject. Our evaluation confirms the consistency and reliability of the automatic segmentation. The comparison of atlas construction strategies reveals that the use of a population-specific atlas leads to improved accuracy of the segmentation for subcortical brain structures. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, we describe an image processing workflow specifically tuned towards the analysis of vervet MRI that consists solely of the open source software tools. Second, we develop a digital atlas of vervet monkey brain MRIs to enable similar studies that rely on the vervet model.
FaultSeg3D: Using synthetic data sets to train an end-to-end convolutional neural network for 3D seismic fault segmentation (2019)

Delineating faults from seismic images is a key step for seismic structural interpretation, reservoir characterization, and well placement. In conventional methods, faults are considered as seismic reflection discontinuities and are detected by calculating attributes that estimate reflection continuities or discontinuities. We consider fault detection as a binary image segmentation problem of labeling a 3D seismic image with ones on faults and zeros elsewhere. We have performed an efficient image-to-image fault segmentation using a supervised fully convolutional neural network. To train the network, we automatically create 200 3D synthetic seismic images and corresponding binary fault labeling images, which are shown to be sufficient to train a good fault segmentation network. Because a binary fault image is highly imbalanced between zeros (nonfault) and ones (fault), we use a class-balanced binary cross-entropy loss function to adjust the imbalance so that the network is not trained or converged to predict only zeros. After training with only the synthetic data sets, the network automatically learns to calculate rich and proper features that are important for fault detection. Multiple field examples indicate that the neural network (trained by only synthetic data sets) can predict faults from 3D seismic images much more accurately and efficiently than conventional methods. With a TITAN Xp GPU, the training processing takes approximately 2 h and predicting faults in a [Formula: see text] seismic volume takes only milliseconds.
Networks and Cities: An Information Perspective (2005)

Traffic is constrained by the information involved in locating the receiver and the physical distance between sender and receiver. We here focus on the former, and investigate traffic in the perspective of information handling. We replot the road map of cities in terms of the information needed to locate specific addresses and create information city networks with roads mapped to nodes and intersections to links between nodes. These networks have the broad degree distribution found in many other complex networks. The mapping to an information city network makes it possible to quantify the information associated with locating specific addresses.
Topographic roughness of the northern high latitudes of Mercury from MESSENGER Laser Altimeter data (2016)

Abstract We investigated topographic roughness for the northern hemisphere (&gt;45°N) of Mercury using high‐resolution topography data acquired by the Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) on board the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft. Our results show that there are distinct differences in the bidirectional slope and root‐mean‐square (RMS) height among smooth plains (SP), intercrater plains (ICP), and heavily cratered terrain (HCT), and that the ratios of the bidirectional slope and RMS height among the three geologic units are both about 1:2:2.4. Most of Mercury's surface exhibits fractal‐like behavior on the basis of the linearity in the deviograms, with median Hurst exponents of 0.66, 0.80, and 0.81 for SP, ICP, and HCT, respectively. The median differential slope map shows that smooth plains are smooth at kilometer scale and become rough at hectometer scale, but they are always rougher than lunar maria at the scales studied. In contrast, intercrater plains and heavily cratered terrain are rough at kilometer scale and smooth at hectometer scale, and they are rougher than lunar highlands at scale &lt;∼2 km but smoother at &gt;∼2 km. We suggest that these scale‐dependent roughness characteristics are mainly caused by the difference in density and shape of impact craters between Mercury and the Moon.
The presence of two S-layer-protein-encoding genes is conserved among species related to Lactobacillus acidophilus (1996)

Previously we have shown that the type strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus possesses two S-protein-encoding genes, one of which is silent, on a chromosomal segment of 6 kb. The S-protein-encoding gene in the expression site can be exchanged for the silent S-protein-encoding gene by inversion of this slp segment. In this study the presence of S-protein and corresponding S-protein-encoding genes of strains belonging to species that are closely related to L. acidophilus was determined. All strains investigated were identified by numerical comparison of highly standardized one-dimensional SDS-PAGE whole-cellular-protein patterns. Western blot and Southern blot methods were used to identify the presence of, and homology between, S-proteins and S-protein-encoding genes. From these analyses we conclude that strains of L. acidophilus, L. crispatus, L. amylovorus and L. gallinarum possess an S-layer and contain two slp genes. Strains of L. helveticus possess an S-layer but have only one intact slp gene. Strains of L. gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus have neither an S-layer nor S-protein-encoding genes hybridizing with probes derived from the L. acidophilus slpA or slpB region. The presence of a highly conserved 5' region in the slp genes of strains of L. acidophilus, L. crispatus, L. amylovorus and L. gallinarum suggests that S-layer variation is a common feature for strains of these species.
Condensation of P2O5 at the Interface between 2CaO·SiO2 and CaO–SiO2–FeOx–P2O5 Slag (2009)

In order to clarify the reaction behavior of phosphorus in the multi phase flux, the solid 2CaO·SiO2 piece was reacted with the CaO–SiO2–FeOx–P2O5 slag for 1 to 180 s at 1573 or 1673 K. The interfaces between the original solid and liquid phases were observed and compositions of both phases were analyzed by SEM/EDS.The result shows that P2O5 is condensed at the rim layer of 2CaO·SiO2 piece very fast in less than 1 s. The P2O5 condensed phases are identified as the mixture of 2CaO·SiO2–3CaO·P2O5 solid solution and the surrounding liquid slag. After reaction for longer time, the reaction behavior of P2O5 depends on the reaction temperature and initial slag composition. Reaction temperature and mole ratio of CaO/SiO2 in the initial slag influence the stability of P2O5 condensed phases. Higher temperature induces the dissolution of P2O5 condensed phases while larger mole ratio of CaO/SiO2 has the opposite effect.