gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bonding force determination at AFB interfaces of single crystal sapphire composites (2009)

We report on the bond strength at the interfaces of Adhesive-Free-Bonded (AFB&reg;) single crystal sapphire composite bars as deduced from the fracture toughness. Fracture toughness (K<sub>IC</sub>) characterizes the resistance of a bulk brittle material to fractural failure caused by unstable crack propagation. Correlation between the well-defined initial flaw size and the apparent failure strength gives the fracture toughness that is a function of the average bond strength at the fractured interfaces. To ensure that the fracture interface coincides with the AFB&reg; interface, we make a pre-notch at the AFB&reg; interface to be the initial surface flaw using a 532 nm wavelength marking laser. The measured failure strength yields the fracture toughness of the AFB&reg; composites. We have found in this study that the average fracture toughness of AFB composite samples is 2.51 MPa*&radic;m and that of non-composite control samples is 2.39 MPa*&radic;m. The correlating fracture energy is 13.1 J/m<sup>2</sup> and 11.9 J/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The apparently greater fracture toughness of composite samples compared to that of non-composite samples conforms with the hypothesis that attributes the origin of the bonding forces at the AFB interfaces to the Lodon-Van der Waals interaction between two solid bodies.
Cathodic Electrodeposition of CdO Thin Films from Oxygenated Aqueous Solutions (2006)

Cadmium oxide semiconductor films were cathodically electrodeposited on F-doped substrates from an aqueous 0.1 M KCl medium containing dissolved species and . The mechanistic aspects of the electrodeposition were briefly explored using cyclic voltammetry in the supporting electrolyte where either or or both were intentionally omitted. The CdO films were potentiostatically deposited at 80°C followed by a postdeposition thermal anneal at 450°C. These samples were then analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry. The photoelectrochemical behavior of these films is then presented.
A comprehensive assessment of collision likelihood in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (2018)

Knowing the likelihood of collision for satellites operating in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) is of extreme importance and interest to the global community and the operators of GEO spacecraft. Yet for all of its importance, a comprehensive assessment of GEO collision likelihood is difficult to do and has never been done. In this paper, we employ six independent and diverse assessment methods to estimate GEO collision likelihood. Taken in aggregate, this comprehensive assessment offer new insights into GEO collision likelihood that are within a factor of 3.5 of each other. These results are then compared to four collision and seven encounter rate estimates previously published. Collectively, these new findings indicate that collision likelihood in GEO is as much as four orders of magnitude higher than previously published by other researchers. Results indicate that a collision is likely to occur every 4 years for one satellite out of the entire GEO active satellite population against a 1 cm RSO catalogue, and every 50 years against a 20 cm RSO catalogue. Further, previous assertions that collision relative velocities are low (i.e., <1 km/s) in GEO are disproven, with some GEO relative velocities as high as 4 km/s identified. These new findings indicate that unless operators successfully mitigate this collision risk, the GEO orbital arc is and will remain at high risk of collision, with the potential for serious follow-on collision threats from post-collision debris when a substantial GEO collision occurs.
Understanding the Mechanisms of Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Reactions (2013)

Cobalt(II) alkyl complexes of aliphatic PNP pincer ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The cationic cobalt(II) alkyl complex [(PNHP(Cy))Co(CH2SiMe3)]BAr(F)4 (4) (PNHP(Cy) = bis[(2-dicyclohexylphosphino)ethyl]amine) is an active precatalyst for the hydrogenation of olefins and ketones and the acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols. To elucidate the possible involvement of the N-H group on the pincer ligand in the catalysis via a metal-ligand cooperative interaction, the reactivities of 4 and [(PNMeP(Cy))Co(CH2SiMe3)]BAr(F)4 (7) were compared. Complex 7 was found to be an active precatalyst for the hydrogenation of olefins. In contrast, no catalytic activity was observed using 7 as a precatalyst for the hydrogenation of acetophenone under mild conditions. For the acceptorless dehydrogenation of 1-phenylethanol, complex 7 displayed similar activity to complex 4, affording acetophenone in high yield. When the acceptorless dehydrogenation of 1-phenylethanol with precatalyst 4 was monitored by NMR spectroscopy, the formation of the cobalt(III) acetylphenyl hydride complex [(PNHP(Cy))Co(III)(κ(2)-O,C-C6H4C(O)CH3)(H)]BAr(F)4 (13) was detected. Isolated complex 13 was found to be an effective catalyst for the acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols, implicating 13 as a catalyst resting state during the alcohol dehydrogenation reaction. Complex 13 catalyzed the hydrogenation of styrene but showed no catalytic activity for the room temperature hydrogenation of acetophenone. These results support the involvement of metal-ligand cooperativity in the room temperature hydrogenation of ketones but not the hydrogenation of olefins or the acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols. Mechanisms consistent with these observations are presented for the cobalt-catalyzed hydrogenation of olefins and ketones and the acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols.
Expression of mdrl, mrp, topoisomerase IIα/β, and cyclin A in primary or relapsed states of acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (1995)

In a series of 60 ALL samples drawn during different stages of the disease we used a cDNA-PCR approach to analyse the relative mRNA levels of the MDR-associated genes encoding mdr1/P-glycoprotein, mrp, and the topoisomerase II isozymes alpha and beta. Expression analysis of the cyclin A gene was included to examine cellular proliferation activity. The expression of gapdh served as an internal standard. Calculating the mean values we found: (i) a distinctly lower mdr1 gene expression in primary ALL and first relapses compared to bone marrow from healthy donors, (ii) no change in mdr1 and mrp, but a decreased topoisomerase II alpha gene expression in first relapses of ALL compared to the primary leukaemia, and (iii) increased mdr1 and mrp levels combined to decreased topoisomerase II alpha levels in recurrent relapses of ALL showing significant correlations (mdr1/mrp: rs = +0.6833, P < 0.05; mdr1/topoII alpha: rs = -0.6727, P < 0.05). The expression of the topoisomerase II alpha gene was correlated to that of cyclin A, indicating a link of its expression to cellular proliferation. Our findings suggest that a multifactorial MDR including mrp appears particularly in recurrent relapses of ALL, which often do not respond to chemotherapy. Nonetheless, some individual samples showed gene expression levels very different from the mean values calculated for a particular state of the leukaemia, indicating the need of an individual expression analysis of MDR-associated genes.
Cutaneous Laser Surgery: The Art and Science of Selective Photothermolysis (1994)

Laser Tissue Interactions * Treatment of Cutaneous Vascular Lesions * Treatment of Benign Pigmented Cutaneous Lesions * Treatment of Tattoos * Hair Removal * CO2 Laser Surgery and Resurfacing * Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) * Laser Safety: Regulations, Standards, Guidelines for Practice * Anesthesia for Cutaneous Laser Surgery * Afterword: A Look Ahead * APPENDICES * Laser Organizations * Procedures for Obtaining Laser Surgery Privileges * Recommended Perioperative Practices Related to the Use of Lasers in Medicine and Surgery * Laser Program * Suggested Agenda Topics for Laser Use Committee * Laser Safety Officer Responsibilities * Flammability Hazards * Laser Safety for Fiberoptic Delivery Systems * Test Firing the CO2 Laser * Ocular Safety * Electrical Hazards * Controlled Access to the Laser Room * Laser Plume Management * Vascular Lesions Support Groups
Molecular rectification, photodiodes and symmetry (1996)

We present a review of recent advances in the molecular rectifier project. Using a donor - -bridge - acceptor compound, specifically designed to be a molecular rectifier, drastically improved rectifier characteristics were observed compared with a previously published -bridged compound. In particular the increased `rectification ratio' of the -bridged compound was attributed to more effective current blocking under reverse bias. Furthermore, we demonstrate that photodiode-like properties are possessed by films of the zwitterionic, -bridged compound, - , using a transparent electrode construction. Finally, we provide an explanation for the observation that all non-centrosymmetric Langmuir - Blodgett film samples exhibit an exponential current-density/voltage dependence.
Novel Modeling Framework To Guide Design of Optimal Dosing Strategies for β-Lactamase Inhibitors (2012)

The scarcity of new antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria has led to the development of inhibitors targeting specific resistance mechanisms, which aim to restore the effectiveness of existing agents. However, there are few guidelines for the optimal dosing of inhibitors. Extending the utility of mathematical modeling, which has been used as a decision support tool for antibiotic dosing regimen design, we developed a novel mathematical modeling framework to guide optimal dosing strategies for a beta-lactamase inhibitor. To illustrate our approach, MK-7655 was used in combination with imipenem against a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae known to produce KPC-2. A theoretical concept capturing fluctuating susceptibility over time was used to define a novel pharmacodynamic index (time above instantaneous MIC [T>MIC(i)]). The MK-7655 concentration-dependent MIC reduction was characterized by using a modified sigmoid maximum effect (E(max))-type model. Various dosing regimens of MK-7655 were simulated to achieve escalating T>MIC(i) values in the presence of a clinical dose of imipenem (500 mg every 6 h). The effectiveness of these dosing exposures was subsequently validated by using a hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM). An apparent trend in the bacterial response was observed in the HFIM with increasing T>MIC(i) values. In addition, different dosing regimens of MK-7655 achieving a similar T>MIC(i) (69%) resulted in comparable bacterial killing over 48 h. The proposed framework was reasonable in predicting the in vitro activity of a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor, and its utility warrants further investigations.
Modeling of nonlinear viscous stress in encapsulating shells of lipid-coated contrast agent microbubbles (2020)

A general theoretical approach to the development of zero-thickness encapsulation models for contrast microbubbles is proposed. The approach describes a procedure that allows one to recast available rheological laws from the bulk form to a surface form which is used in a modified Rayleigh-Plesset equation governing the radial dynamics of a contrast microbubble. By the use of the proposed procedure, the testing of different rheological laws for encapsulation can be carried out. Challenges of existing shell models for lipid-encapsulated microbubbles, such as the dependence of shell parameters on the initial bubble radius and the “compression-only” behavior, are discussed. Analysis of the rheological behavior of lipid encapsulation is made by using experimental radius-time curves for lipid-coated microbubbles with radii in the range 1.2 – 2.5 μm. The curves were acquired for a research phospholipid-coated contrast agent insonified with a 20-cycle, 3.0 MHz, 100 kPa acoustic pulse. The fitting of the experimental data by a model which treats the shell as a viscoelastic solid gives the values of the shell surface viscosity increasing from 0.30×10-8 kg/s to 2.63×10-8 kg/s for the range of bubble radii indicated above. The shell surface elastic modulus increases from 0.054 N/m to 0.37 N/m. It is proposed that this increase may be a result of the lipid coating possessing the properties of both a shear-thinning and a strain-softening material. We hypothesize that these complicated rheological properties do not allow the existing shell models to satisfactorily describe the dynamics of lipid encapsulation. In the existing shell models, the viscous and the elastic shell terms have the linear form which assumes that the viscous and the elastic stresses acting inside the lipid shell are proportional to the shell shear rate and the shell strain, respectively, with constant coefficients of proportionality. The analysis performed in the present paper suggests that a more general, nonlinear theory may be more appropriate. It is shown that the use of the nonlinear theory for shell viscosity allows one to model the “compression-only” behavior. As an example, the results of the simulation for a 2.03- μm-radius bubble insonified with a 6-cycle, 1.8 MHz, 100 kPa acoustic pulse are given. These parameters correspond to the acoustic conditions under which the “compression-only” behavior was observed by de Jong et al. [Ultrasound Med. Biol. 33 (2007) 653–656]. It is also shown that the use of the Cross law for the modeling of the shear-thinning behavior of shell viscosity reduces the variance of experimentally estimated values of the shell viscosity and its dependence on the initial bubble radius.
Presynaptic dysregulation of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus causes depression-like behavior (2019)

The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) is a part of epithalamus and sends outputs to emotion-related brain areas such as the medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala. Various functional roles of the PVT in emotion-related behaviors are drawing attention. Here, we investigated the effect of manipulation of PVT neurons on the firing patterns of medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) neurons and depression-like behavior. Extracellular single-unit recordings revealed that acute activation of PVT neurons by hM3Dq, an activation type of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), and administration of clozapine N-oxide (CNO) caused firing rate changes in mPFC neurons. Moreover, chronic presynaptic inhibition in PVT neurons by tetanus toxin (TeTX) increased the proportion of interneurons among firing neurons in mPFC and shortened the immobility time in the forced swimming test, whereas long-term activation of PVT neurons by hM3Dq caused recurrent hypoactivity episodes. These findings suggest that PVT neurons regulate the excitation/inhibition balance in the mPFC and mood stability.
Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness genes: a review (2012)

More than 50 Percent of prelingual hearing loss is genetic in origin, and of these up to 93 Percent are monogenic autosomal recessive traits. Some forms of genetic deafness can be recognized by their associated syndromic features, but in most cases, hearing loss is the only finding and is referred to as nonsyndromic deafness. To date, more than 700 different mutations have been identified in one of 42 genes in individuals with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL). Reported mutations in GJB2, encoding connexin 26, makes this gene the most common cause of hearing loss in many populations. Other relatively common deafness genes include SLC26A4, MYO15A, OTOF, TMC1, CDH23, and TMPRSS3. In this report we summarize genes and mutations reported in families with ARNSHL. Founder effects were demonstrated for some recurrent mutations but the most significant findings are the extreme locus and allelic heterogeneity and different spectrum of genes and mutations in each population.
Phosphate Starvation Root Architecture and Anthocyanin Accumulation Responses Are Modulated by the Gibberellin-DELLA Signaling Pathway in Arabidopsis (2007)

Phosphate (Pi) is a macronutrient that is essential for plant growth and development. However, the low mobility of Pi impedes uptake, thus reducing availability. Accordingly, plants have developed physiological strategies to cope with low Pi availability. Here, we report that the characteristic Arabidopsis thaliana Pi starvation responses are in part dependent on the activity of the nuclear growth-repressing DELLA proteins (DELLAs), core components of the gibberellin (GA)-signaling pathway. We first show that multiple shoot and root Pi starvation responses can be repressed by exogenous GA or by mutations conferring a substantial reduction in DELLA function. In contrast, mutants having enhanced DELLA function exhibit enhanced Pi starvation responses. We also show that Pi deficiency promotes the accumulation of a green fluorescent protein-tagged DELLA (GFP-RGA [repressor of ga1-3]) in root cell nuclei. In further experiments, we show that Pi starvation causes a decrease in the level of bioactive GA and associated changes in the levels of gene transcripts encoding enzymes of GA metabolism. Finally, we show that the GA-DELLA system regulates the increased root hair length that is characteristic of Pi starvation. In conclusion, our results indicate that DELLA-mediated signaling contributes to the anthocyanin accumulation and root architecture changes characteristic of Pi starvation responses, but do not regulate Pi starvation-induced changes in Pi uptake efficiency or the accumulation of selected Pi starvation-responsive gene transcripts. Pi starvation causes a reduction in bioactive GA level, which, in turn, causes DELLA accumulation, thus modulating several adaptively significant plant Pi starvation responses.
Handbook of Blood Pressure Measurement (1991)

During the last two decades, many new techniques and devices have appeared for measuring blood pressure both directly and indi rectly. At present, there is no single source for this information; nor i
Supplementary Table 1 from Her-2 Overexpression Increases the Metastatic Outgrowth of Breast Cancer Cells in the Brain (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Her-2 Overexpression Increases the Metastatic Outgrowth of Breast Cancer Cells in the Brain
A software only scalable video delivery system for multimedia applications over heterogeneous networks (2002)

Precompressed video delivery systems commonly operate at fixed data rates. However, variations in the availability of network bandwidth and processor cycles are common in dynamic general purpose computing environments. Variability arises from the outright lack of resources (e.g. network bandwidth and cpu cycles), contention for available resources due to congestion, or a user's unwillingness to allocate needed resources to the task. Users of a scalable video delivery system have greater flexibility and therefore, the system can more effectively deliver video in the presence of system resource scarcity. This paper describes an end-to-end system combining a scalable video compression algorithm, video delivery software, a software video decoder, and a market-based mechanism for the resolution of conflicts in providing video to the user.
Operating system support for adaptable real-time systems (1990)

This paper outlines our plans for a real-time systems research program to support the longterm goal of developing intelligent robots. The distinguishing characteristic of our approach to real-time systems is an emphasis on system adaptability in a dynamic real-world environment. We achieve adaptability by allowing multiple real-time process models, with different known properties and timing constraints, to coexist within a single system and application. Using a hardware architecture in which a large-scale multiprocessor controls a behavioral system with vision and manipulation capabilities, we are constructing a prototype software environment that provides a predictable schedule for reflexive robot tasks and a flexible environment for implementing adaptive cognitive robot tasks. We will exploit multiple processors, user-level scheduling, and user-defined process and communication models in the construction of real-time robotics applications. 1. Introduction A primary goal of modern re...
Investigation of depth analysis by ICP-MS using a laser ablation technique. (1991)

レーザーアブレーション(LA)/ICP-MS法の深さ方向の分析特性を調べた.検討には,膜厚1.5μmのSnめっき鋼板を用い,レーザー光のデフォーカスの影響や出力,発振周波数の影響について調べた.Snめっき鋼板については,焦点位置から10mm程度レンズに近づけてデフォーカスさせたときが最適で,200mJ以下の低出力,1Hz以下の低発振周波数でμmレベルの深さ分解能が得られた.又,サンプリング速度は対象となる物質により異なり,検討した7種の金属のうちCu以外の金属については,サンプリング速度と沸点が逆比例の関係にあった.LA/ICP-MSの応用として,TiN膜及び塗装鋼板の深さ方向分析を試みた.
Na7V3(P2O7)4as a high voltage electrode material for Na-ion batteries: crystal structure and mechanism of Na+extraction/insertion byoperandoX-ray diffraction (2020)

The crystal chemistry and the electrochemical properties of Na<sub>7</sub>V<sub>3</sub>(P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)<sub>4</sub>as a high voltage cathode material upon Na<sup>+</sup>extraction/insertion were investigated by<italic>operando</italic>X-ray diffraction.
Immunological Characterization of Dutch Sesame Seed-Allergic Patients (2016)

Our immunological approach enabled us to fully characterize the sensitization pattern of 6 sesame seed-allergic patients. The different protein composition of commercially available allergen extracts influences the outcomes of the immunological assays and thus also the diagnosis to a large extent.
Hydrogenation of 4-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazoylmethyl)-7,7a-dihydro-1.beta.-hydroxy-7a.beta.-methyl-5(6H)-indanone (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogenation of 4-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazoylmethyl)-7,7a-dihydro-1.beta.-hydroxy-7a.beta.-methyl-5(6H)-indanoneThomas C. McKenzieCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 5, 629–631Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00919a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00919a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views481Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts