gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consistent Parameter Estimation for LASSO and Approximate Message Passing (2015)

We consider the problem of recovering a vector $β_o \in \mathbb{R}^p$ from $n$ random and noisy linear observations $y= Xβ_o + w$, where $X$ is the measurement matrix and $w$ is noise. The LASSO estimate is given by the solution to the optimization problem $\hatβ_λ = \arg \min_β \frac{1}{2} \|y-Xβ\|_2^2 + λ\| β\|_1$. Among the iterative algorithms that have been proposed for solving this optimization problem, approximate message passing (AMP) has attracted attention for its fast convergence. Despite significant progress in the theoretical analysis of the estimates of LASSO and AMP, little is known about their behavior as a function of the regularization parameter $λ$, or the thereshold parameters $τ^t$. For instance the following basic questions have not yet been studied in the literature: (i) How does the size of the active set $\|\hatβ^λ\|_0/p$ behave as a function of $λ$? (ii) How does the mean square error $\|\hatβ_λ - β_o\|_2^2/p$ behave as a function of $λ$? (iii) How does $\|β^t - β_o \|_2^2/p$ behave as a function of $τ^1, \ldots, τ^{t-1}$? Answering these questions will help in addressing practical challenges regarding the optimal tuning of $λ$ or $τ^1, τ^2, \ldots$. This paper answers these questions in the asymptotic setting and shows how these results can be employed in deriving simple and theoretically optimal approaches for tuning the parameters $τ^1, \ldots, τ^t$ for AMP or $λ$ for LASSO. It also explores the connection between the optimal tuning of the parameters of AMP and the optimal tuning of LASSO.
Design of an etch-resistant cyclic olefin photoresist (1998)

In the quest for a high performance 193 nm photoresist with robust plasma etching resistance equivalent to or better than the DUV resists of today, we have focused on the use of cyclic olefin polymers. In this paper, we will discuss monomer synthesis, polymerization approaches, polymer properties and early lithographic results of 193 nm photoresists formulated from cyclic olefin polymeric materials made from a metal-catalyzed addition polymerization process. The goal of this work is to produce a 193 nm photoresist with excellent imaging performance and etch resistance exceeding DUV resists, and in fact approaching novolak-based photoresists.
Partial Interosseous Ligament Tears of the Wrist: Difficulty in Utilizing Either Primary or Secondary MRI Signs (2001)

The sensitivity of morphologic evaluation for diagnosing partial intercarpal ligament tears, particularly those of the LTL, is limited. Secondary signs increase specificity but have low sensitivity, and with the exception of arc disruption, all signs had poor interobserver agreement.
Use of fault tree analysis for evaluation of system-reliability improvements in design phase (2002)

Traditional failure mode and effects analysis is applied as a bottom-up analytical technique to identify component failure modes and their causes and effects on the system performance, estimate their likelihood, severity and criticality or priority for mitigation. Failure modes and their causes, other than those associated with hardware, primarily electronic, remained poorly addressed or not addressed at all. Likelihood of occurrence was determined on the basis of component failure rates or by applying engineering judgement in their estimation. Resultant prioritization is consequently difficult so that only the apparent safety-related or highly critical issues were addressed. When thoroughly done, traditional FMEA or FMECA were too involved to be used as a effective tool for reliability improvement of the product design. Fault tree analysis applied to the product as a top down in view of its functionality, failure definition, architecture and stress and operational profiles provides a methodical way of following products functional flow down to the low level assemblies, components, failure modes and respective causes and their combination. Flexibility of modeling of various functional conditions and interaction such as enabling events, events with specific priority of occurrence, etc., using FTA, provides for accurate representation of their functionality interdependence. In addition to being capable of accounting for mixed reliability attributes (failure rates mixed with failure probabilities), fault trees are easy to construct and change for quick tradeoffs as roll up of unreliability values is automatic for instant evaluation of the final quantitative reliability results. Failure mode analysis using fault tree technique that is described in this paper allows for real, in-depth engineering evaluation of each individual cause of a failure mode regarding software and hardware components, their functions, stresses, operability and interactions.
Long-lasting insecticidal nets retain bio-efficacy after 5 years of storage: implications for malaria control programmes (2020)

Even after long-term storage of around 5 years, both Olyset<sup>®</sup> and DawaPlus<sup>®</sup> 2.0 LLINs remain efficacious against susceptible Anopheles mosquitoes at optimal storage range of 25 °C to 33.4 °C for temperature and 40% to 100% relative humidity measured by standard WHO methods. DawaPlus<sup>®</sup> 2.0 (Tsara<sup>®</sup> Soft) remained efficacious against resistant strain.
Adiponectin produced in coronary circulation regulates coronary flow reserve in nondiabetic patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries (2006)

Adiponectin is locally produced in the coronary circulation. This protein may participate in modulating the coronary circulation of nondiabetic patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries.
Full-duplex Near-infrared Communication via Spatiotemporally-modulated Array Antennas (2019)

We demonstrate the operation of a spatiotemporally-modulated array antenna as a full transceiver in near-infrared frequency regime which enables optical full-duplex communication via rejection of interference between transmitted and received signals. For this purpose, we load plasmonic nanodipoles with indium-tin-oxide whose permittivity can be varied in time via modulation of carrier concentration by applying a radio-frequency biasing signal. The extreme confinement of electric field at the nanogap when operating in the resonant regime leads to enhanced frequency conversion efficiency. Adopting a progressive phase delay in the temporal modulation of an array of transversely polarized nanodipoles supporting backward guided modes enables transmission and reception via frequency up/down conversion through space-time photonic transitions of guided modes into leaky propagating modes and vice versa. Such array antenna offers simultaneous transmission and reception due to isolation between temporal frequencies of transmitted and received signals, while the direction of transmission/reception can be tuned in real-time via modifying the modulation phase delay of nanoantennas. Moreover, the relatively wide bandwidth of antenna allows for multiplexing and multicasting different wavelengths in near-infrared regime. In order to analyze the time-modulated antennas, we extend the framework of discrete dipole approximation method via a multifrequency coupled approach.
Detection of cardiomyocyte-differentiation promoting effect using mouse embryonic stem cells (2007)

Embryonic stem cells are derived from inner cell mass of blastcyst. They are pluripotent in differentiation and show self－renewal ability. Therefore, the cells can differentiate into cell types which can be derived from all the three germ layers. In this report, we screened 100 compounds for their potential effects on the differentiation of KH2 mouse embryonic stem cells to cardiomyocytes. KH2 cells are developed in our lab and express enhanced green fluorescence protein under the direction of α－myosin heavy chain gene promoter. This cell line shows no fluorescence in undifferentiated condition. However, cardiomyocytes derived from the cells show green fluorescence. Test compound was added during the differentiation period of the cells. After 15 days of differentiation, the cells were trypsinized and measured by flow cytometry for their fluorescence protein expression. All tested compound did not show any significant increase in the rate of fluorescent cells compared with that of their control group. However, we could confirm that our cell screening system is very stable.
Data from Metabolic Profiling in Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Prostate Cancer Tissues (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Metabolite profiling has significantly contributed to a deeper understanding of the biochemical metabolic networks and pathways in cancer cells. Metabolomics-based biomarker discovery would greatly benefit from the ability to interrogate retrospective annotated clinical specimens archived as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) material. Mass spectrometry–based metabolomic analysis was performed in matched frozen and FFPE human prostate cancers as well as isogenic prostate cancer cell lines. A total of 352 and 460 metabolites were profiled in human tissues and cell lines, respectively. Classes and physical–chemical characteristics of the metabolites preserved in FFPE material were characterized and related to their preservation or loss following fixation and embedding. Metabolite classes were differentially preserved in archival FFPE tissues, regardless of the age of the block, compared with matched frozen specimen, ranging from maximal preservation of fatty acids (78%) to loss of the majority of peptides and steroids. Generally, FFPE samples showed a decrease of metabolites with functional groups, such as carboxamide. As an adjunct technique, metabolic profiles were also obtained &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; from FFPE tissue sections where metabolites were extracted in a manner that preserves tissue architecture. Despite the fact that selected metabolites were not retained after processing, global metabolic profiles obtained from FFPE can be used to predict biologic states and study biologic pathways. These results pave the way for metabolomics-based biomarker discovery/validation utilizing retrospective and clinically annotated FFPE collections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Implications:&lt;/b&gt; Metabolic profiles can be performed in archival tissue and may be used to complement other profiling methods such as gene expression for biomarker discovery or pathway analysis in the assessment of biologic states. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Res; 15(4); 439–47. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Additional file 6: of Dehydration triggers ecdysone-mediated recognition-protein priming and elevated anti-bacterial immune responses in Drosophila Malpighian tubule renal cells (2018)

Figure S6. Relative humidity (RH) and temperature recorded from demography chambers under different humidity conditions. Spikes indicate when chambers were opened to access cages and show rapid homeostasis of the humidity control system. Blue tracings show realized RH, black tracing represents temperature. (PDF 3450 kb)
Wireless Sensor Network for habitat monitoring on Skomer Island (2010)

In the natural sciences, research often relies on extensive manual investigation. Such methods can be error-prone and obviously don't scale well. The development of autonomous data acquisition systems such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has provided a method to significantly reduce manual work and, as such, has the potential to enable researchers to address previously infeasible scientific questions. However, making the transition from WSN deployments in a laboratory to real-world deployments is still very challenging. Creating robust, error-free systems that are able to run autonomously in real-world environments without manual supervision has proven to be complex and, therefore, the number of successful collaborations between computer scientists and natural scientists is still limited. Here, we describe our successful attempt to design and deploy a WSN to monitor seabirds on Skomer Island, a UK National Nature Reserve. We summarize the evolution of the system over a period of three years, share insights on selected design decisions, and discuss both, our experience and the problems we have encountered.
Phase Separation in Polyfluorene-Based Conjugated Polymer Blends:  Lateral and Vertical Analysis of Blend Spin-Cast Thin Films (2004)

We have studied phase separation in polyfluorene-based electroluminescent polymer blends consisting of poly(2,7-(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) and poly(2,7-(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene)-alt-(1,4-phenylene-((4-sec-butylphenyl)imino)-1,4-phenylene)) (TFB). We present detailed studies on spin-cast thin-film morphology of the blends, using micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Micron-scale lateral phase separation is observed in these blend thin films. However, these phase-separated domains are not pure at the submicron length scale, and a nanoscale vertical phase segregation occurs with enrichment of the lower surface energy component (TFB) at both air and substrate interfaces. Imaging of the spatial uniformity of electroluminescence emission on the microscopic scale indicates spatially localised charge-carrier recombination in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated with these blends. On the basis of these studies, we propose a model for the development of thin-film phase-separated structure in spin-cast F8BT:TFB blends. LEDs without an additional hole-injection/transporting layer such as a poly(styrenesulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT:PSS) have also been characterized to examine the self-organized vertical phase structure found in these blends. The results show that initial performance equivalent to devices with a PEDT:PSS layer is achievable in LEDs which contain only a single layer of F8BT:TFB blend material, confirming that the TFB wetting layer acts efficiently as a hole-accepting/transporting layer.
Frequency Zooming Techniques for High Resolution Spectrum Analysis (1985)

Zooming or high resolution spectrum analysis over narrow spectral bands commonly employs Fast Fourier Transform. In this paper, various Zooming techniques are compared from the point of view of hardware implementation and complexityof computation.
Breast cancer detection using image processing techniques (2002)

We describe the use of segmentation with fuzzy models and classification by the crisp k-nearest neighbor (k-nn) algorithm for assisting breast cancer detection in digital mammograms. Our research utilizes images from the digital database for screening mammography. We show that supervised and unsupervised methods of segmentation, such as k-nn and fuzzy c-means, in digital mammograms will have high misclassification rates when only intensity is used as the discriminating feature. Adding window means and standard deviations to the feature suite (visually) improves segmentation produced by the k-nn rule. While our results are encouraging, other methods are needed to detect smaller pathologies such as microcalcifications.
Cholecystokinin and pancreatic cancer: the chicken or the egg? (2013)

The gastrointestinal peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) causes the release of pancreatic digestive enzymes and growth of the normal pancreas. Exogenous CCK administration has been used in animal models to study pancreatitis and also as a promoter of carcinogen-induced or Kras-driven pancreatic cancer. Defining CCK receptors in normal human pancreas has been problematic because of its retroperitoneal location, high concentrations of pancreatic proteases, and endogenous RNase. Most studies indicate that the predominant receptor in human pancreas is the CCK-B type, and CCK-A is the predominant form in rodent pancreas. In pancreatic cancer cells and tumors, the role of CCK is better established because receptors are often overexpressed by these cancer cells and stimulation of such receptors promotes growth. Furthermore, in established cancer, endogenous production of CCK and/or gastrin occurs and their actions stimulate the synthesis of more receptors plus growth by an autocrine mechanism. Initially it was thought that the mechanism by which CCK served to potentiate carcinogenesis was by interplay with inflammation in the pancreatic microenvironment. But with the recent findings of CCK receptors on early PanIN (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia) lesions and on stellate cells, the question has been raised that perhaps CCK actions are not the result of cancer but an early driving promoter of cancer. This review will summarize what is known regarding CCK, its receptors, and pancreatic cancer, and also what is unknown and requires further investigation to determine which comes first, the chicken or the egg, "CCK or the cancer."
Supplementary material from "Functional brain–heart interplay extends to the multifractal domain" (2021)

The study of functional brain–heart interplay has provided meaningful insights in cardiology and neuroscience. Regarding biosignal processing, this interplay involves predominantly neural and heartbeat linear dynamics expressed via time and frequency domain-related features. However, the dynamics of central and autonomous nervous systems show nonlinear and multifractal behaviours, and the extent to which this behaviour influences brain–heart interactions is currently unknown. Here, we report a novel signal processing framework aimed at quantifying nonlinear functional brain–heart interplay in the non-Gaussian and multifractal domains that combines electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability series. This framework relies on a maximal information coefficient analysis between nonlinear multiscale features derived from EEG spectra and from an inhomogeneous point-process model for heartbeat dynamics. Experimental results were gathered from 24 healthy volunteers during a resting state and a cold pressor test, revealing that synchronous changes between brain and heartbeat multifractal spectra occur at higher EEG frequency bands and through nonlinear/complex cardiovascular control. We conclude that significant bodily, sympathovagal changes such as those elicited by cold-pressure stimuli affect the functional brain–heart interplay beyond second-order statistics, thus extending it to multifractal dynamics. These results provide a platform to define novel nervous-system-targeted biomarkers.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Advanced computation in cardiovascular physiology: new challenges and opportunities’.
The reliability and validity of outcome measures for atopic dermatitis in patients with pigmented skin: A grey area (2015)

AD outcome measures have poor reliability and validity in highly pigmented patients, with variations in erythema perception being a contributor.
Linear polarization in birefringent single-mode fibers (1978)

Single-mode fibers which maintain linear polarization are described. The fibers are birefringent and linear polarization is maintained along either of the two principal axes. The birefringence arises from the deliberate enhancement of anisotropic strains.
Iron-catalyzed gasification of brown coal at low temperatures (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIron-catalyzed gasification of brown coal at low temperaturesYasuo Ohtsuka, Yasukatsu Tamai, and Akira TomitaCite this: Energy Fuels 1987, 1, 1, 32–36Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00001a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00001a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views598Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proceedings of the 11th Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2020) (2020)

Manufacturing continues to be considered the backbone of economic growth in the United States. However, a challenge for manufacturing competitiveness can be the negative perception of the industry held by children that makes them reluctant to pursue manufacturing careers and fulfill the projected workforce demands. Accordingly, there have been a number of K-12 education and/or talent pipeline initiatives to address the issues related to (1) the availability of a skilled workforce, (2) the preparation of students for the jobs of tomorrow, and (3) teacher access to the tools necessary to inspire children to pursue these highdemand career pathways. However, research attempts focused on better understanding the influences of these industry-driven outreach initiatives on children's perceptions of manufacturing-related careers are necessary. Therefore, IN-MaC and Purdue University launched a study focused on investigating the investigating the "perceptions gap" of children (Grades K through 12) and the influence of region-wide industry-led outreach, which included summer camps and manufacturing week activities. To do so, data were collected from career perception surveys and a "Draw-A-Manufacturer" test, which were administered both before and after these outreach experiences. The influences of these talent pipeline initiatives on the participants' career perceptions and interests will be presented and the used as a foundation for discussions and recommendations for enhancing outreach activities and preparing children for the future of work.
Interference suppression using parasitic reconfigurable aperture (RECAP) antennas (2011)

Most of today's practical wireless systems are interference limited, meaning that the degree of spectral reuse possible is dictated by the size of the coverage area (or cell) and the degree of tolerable interference experienced at the cell edges. Much higher spectral reuse is possible with nodes that can control their radiation patterns to suppress and avoid interference, which is also the basis of spatial division multiple access (SDMA) techniques. A typical goal in interference-limited systems is to maximize the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) of the nodes in the network. Although SIR minimization is possible with array signal processing, a drawback is the need for additional radio-frequency (RF) chains and digital signal processing (DSP) resources.
Magnetically aligned carbon nanotube in nanopaper enabled shape-memory nanocomposite for high speed electrical actuation (2011)

A new shape-memory nanocomposite that exhibits rapid electrical actuation capabilities is fabricated by incorporating self-assembly multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanopaper and magnetic CNTs into a styrene-based shape-memory polymer (SMP). The MWCNT nanopaper was coated on the surface to give high electrical conductivity to SMP. Electromagnetic CNTs were blended with and, vertically aligned into the SMP resin upon a magnetic field, to facilitate the heat transfer from the nanopaper to the underlying SMP. This not only significantly enhances heat transfer but also gives high speed electrical actuation.