gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Water-efficient zero-emission greenhouse crop production: a preliminary study (2017)

Greenhouse cultivations are high input systems with respect to water and fertiliser usage. Worldwide increasing water shortages and competition for freshwater is raising the awareness that water use efficiency is a necessity in greenhouse horticulture. Releasing drain water from the greenhouse into the environment can also compromise surface and ground water quality due to the emissions of fertilisers and plant protection products. In soilless cultivation the nutrient solution can be recirculated; consequently they are highly efficient and sustainable production systems. Dutch growers have to realise zero emission by 2027 due to agreements made with government. However most are hesitant to fully recycle nutrient solutions, despite the many studies that have been conducted to resolve technical (installation) and physiological (growth) problems related to recycling drain water. In this study we demonstrate that with current best practice zero-emission crop production can become a reality. In the first trial (cucumber; July-November 2014) and up to the mid-season evaluation point of the second trial (sweet pepper; Dec-July 2015) no differences in production and fruit quality were found between the zero-emission cultivation and the reference cultivation grown to the agreed emission standards of 2015. Technology and cultivation strategy implemented are described and discussed and compared to common practice.
Hybrid nanostructure heterojunction solar cells fabricated using vertically aligned ZnO nanotubes grown on reduced graphene oxide (2011)

Using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films as the transparent conductive coating, inorganic/organic hybrid nanostructure heterojunction photovoltaic devices have been fabricated through hydrothermal synthesis of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NRs) and nanotubes (ZnO-NTs) on rGO films followed by the spin casting of a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) film. The data show that larger interfacial area in ZnO-NT/P3HT composites improves the exciton dissociation and the higher electrode conductance of rGO films helps the power output. This study offers an alternative to manufacturing nanostructure heterojunction solar cells at low temperatures using potentially low cost materials.
Gamma-Ray Focusing Optics for Small Animal Imaging (2004)

There is a well-established need for high-resolution radionuclide imaging techniques that provide non-invasive measurement of physiological function in small animals. We, therefore, have begun developing a small animal radionuclide imaging system using grazing incidence mirrors to focus low-energy gamma-rays emitted by I-125, and other radionuclides. Our initial prototype optic, fabricated from thermally-formed glass, demonstrated a resolution of 1500 microns, consistent with the performance predicted by detailed simulations. More recently, we have begun constructing mirrors using a replication technique that reduces low spatial frequency errors in the mirror surface, greatly improving the resolution. Each technique offers particular advantages: e.g., multilayer coatings are easily deposited on glass, while superior resolution is possible with replicated optics. Scaling the results from our prototype optics, which only have a few nested shells, to system where the lens has a full complement of several tens of nested shells, a sensitivity of approx. 1 cps/micro Ci is possible, with the exact number dependent on system magnification and radionuclide species. (Higher levels of efficiency can be obtained with multi-optic imaging systems.) The gamma-ray lens will achieve a resolution as good as 100 microns, independent of the final sensitivity. The combination of high spatial resolution and modest sensitivity will enable in vivo single photon emission imaging studies in small animals.
Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals Wee1 Kinase as a Therapeutic Target in a Model of Proneural Glioblastoma (2016)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain cancer. With a median survival of about a year, new approaches to treating this disease are necessary. To identify signaling molecules regulating GBM progression in a genetically engineered murine model of proneural GBM, we quantified phosphotyrosine-mediated signaling using mass spectrometry. Oncogenic signals, including phosphorylated ERK MAPK, PI3K, and PDGFR, were found to be increased in the murine tumors relative to brain. Phosphorylation of CDK1 pY15, associated with the G2 arrest checkpoint, was identified as the most differentially phosphorylated site, with a 14-fold increase in phosphorylation in the tumors. To assess the role of this checkpoint as a potential therapeutic target, syngeneic primary cell lines derived from these tumors were treated with MK-1775, an inhibitor of Wee1, the kinase responsible for CDK1 Y15 phosphorylation. MK-1775 treatment led to mitotic catastrophe, as defined by increased DNA damage and cell death by apoptosis. To assess the extensibility of targeting Wee1/CDK1 in GBM, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cell lines were also treated with MK-1775. Although the response was more heterogeneous, on-target Wee1 inhibition led to decreased CDK1 Y15 phosphorylation and increased DNA damage and apoptosis in each line. These results were also validated in vivo, where single-agent MK-1775 demonstrated an antitumor effect on a flank PDX tumor model, increasing mouse survival by 1.74-fold. This study highlights the ability of unbiased quantitative phosphoproteomics to reveal therapeutic targets in tumor models, and the potential for Wee1 inhibition as a treatment approach in preclinical models of GBM. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1332–43. ©2016 AACR.
Fast graph simplification for interleaved Dyck-reachability (2020)

Many program-analysis problems can be formulated as graph-reachability problems. Interleaved Dyck language reachability. Interleaved Dyck language reachability (InterDyck-reachability) is a fundamental framework to express a wide variety of program-analysis problems over edge-labeled graphs. The InterDyck language represents an intersection of multiple matched-parenthesis languages (i.e., Dyck languages). In practice, program analyses typically leverage one Dyck language to achieve context-sensitivity, and other Dyck languages to model data dependences, such as field-sensitivity and pointer references/dereferences. In the ideal case, an InterDyck-reachability framework should model multiple Dyck languages simultaneously.
USING ADDITIVES AND MODIFIERS IN HOT MIX ASPHALT. SECTIONS B, C, D AND E (1989)

The information gathered by the National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) on using additives and modifiers in hot mix asphalt is available in two formats, a simplified overview and a detailed collection of information about the products currently available on the market. This document contains Sections B, C, D and E, assembled in a loose-leaf, three-ring binder manual. Section B, Modifier Groups, is devoted to pertinent information about each generic type of material. This includes information provided by additive manufacturers and marketers on the chemical and physical nature of their products, how they work, and how to obtain them. Information on specification testing, storage and handling methods, required special equipment, modifications to existing equipment, construction procedures, and precautions regarding safety, and other factors are outlined. Where appropriate, the influence of the modifier material on the binder and mixtures is included. In addition to a generic classification of the various modifiers, their applications are discussed in terms of the problems or improvements they are intended to address. Section C, Miscellaneous Information, contains experiences, technical notes or advice that may be useful to the contractor. Section D, the Glossary, is a compilation of terms and brief definitions which are pertinent to this manual and which may be less familiar to the contractor. Section E, the Index, is intended to provide ready reference to materials, product names, suppliers, and other information.
Utilization and processing of maize: IITA research guide, No. 35 (1997)

Maize is of high important among the world's cereal crops. Maize can be used for human consumption, animal feed, and industrial purpose. Many traditional and industrial maize processing methods exist. Industrial processing includes wet and dry milling to produce a wide variety of products. Many maize dishes are prepared in Africa and elsewhere as human food.
Development of Conjugated Kefiran-Chondroitin Sulphate Cryogels with Enhanced Properties for Biomedical Applications (2023)

Hydrogels based on natural polysaccharides can have unique properties and be tailored for several applications, which may be mainly limited by the fragile structure and weak mechanical properties of this type of system. We successfully prepared cryogels made of newly synthesized kefiran exopolysaccharide-chondroitin sulfate (CS) conjugate via carbodiimide-mediated coupling to overcome these drawbacks. The freeze-thawing procedure of cryogel preparation followed by lyophilization is a promising route to fabricate polymer-based scaffolds with countless and valuable biomedical applications. The novel graft macromolecular compound (kefiran-CS conjugate) was characterized through <sup>1</sup>H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy-which confirmed the structure of the conjugate, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)-which mirrored good thermal stability (degradation temperature of about 215 °C) and, finally, gel permeation chromatography-size exclusion chromatography (GPC-SEC)-which proved an increased molecular weight due to chemical coupling of kefiran with CS. At the same time, the corresponding cryogels physically crosslinked after the freeze-thawing procedure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Micro-CT, and dynamic rheology. The results revealed a prevalent contribution of elastic/storage component to the viscoelastic behavior of cryogels in swollen state, a micromorphology with micrometer-sized open pores fully interconnected, and high porosity (ca. 90%) observed for freeze-dried cryogels. Furthermore, the metabolic activity and proliferation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs), when cultured onto the developed kefiran-CS cryogel, was maintained at a satisfactory level over 72 h. Based on the results obtained, it can be inferred that the newly freeze-dried kefiran-CS cryogels possess a host of unique properties that render them highly suitable for use in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and other biomedical applications where robust mechanical properties and biocompatibility are crucial.
A Merged Synthesis Technique for Fast Arithmetic Blocks Involving Sum-of-Products and Shifters (2008)

In modern digital signal processing (DSP) and graphics applications, the arithmetic sum-of-products, shifters and adders are important modules, contributing a significant amount to the overall delay of the system. A datapath structure consisting of multiple arithmetic sum-of-product, shifter and adder blocks is often found in the timing-critical path of the chip. In this paper, we propose a new operator-level merging technique to synthesize this type of datapath structure. In our approach, we combine the shifting operation with the partial product reduction stage of the sum-of-product blocks. This enables us to implement the functionality of the original design by using only one carry- propagate adder block (instead of two carry-propagate adders). As a result, the timing-critical path of the design gets shortened by a significant percentage and the overall performance of the design improves. Our experimental data shows that the datapath block generated by our approach is significantly faster (13.28% on average) with a modest area penalty (3.24% on average) than the corresponding block generated by a commercially available best-in-class datapath synthesis tool. These improvements were verified on placed-and-routed designs as well.
Toxic and heavy metals contamination assessment in soil and water to evaluate human health risk (2021)

Due to urbanization and industrialization, there has been an increase in solid waste generation and has become a global concern and leakage of leachate from landfills contaminate the soil and groundwater and hence can have a severe impact on human health. The present study aimed to determine the composition of toxic metals (Cr, Mn, Cu, As) and heavy metals (Cd, Ba, Hg, Pb) in soil and water by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). To ensure accuracy during the analysis of Cr, Mn, Cu, As, Cd, Ba, Hg, and Pb in real samples, certified reference material (CRM, SRM 2709a) of San Joaquin soil and water (SRM 1640a) were analyzed and results were presented in terms of % recovery studies. The mean concentration of all the metals in soil and water did not exceed the limit set by the European Community (EU), WHO, and US EPA except Cu where the permissible limit defined by the EU is 50-140 mg/kg in soil. The soil is uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with respect to all metals except the Cu and Pb. Among the average daily dose (ADD) of soil, ADD<sub>ing</sub> and ADD<sub>inh</sub> for children had the maximum dose for all metals than adults while ADD<sub>derm</sub> was higher in adults. Hazard quotient (HQ) trend in both adults and children was found in order HQ<sub>ing</sub> > HQ<sub>derm</sub> > HQ<sub>inh</sub> of soil for all metals except Ba which followed HQ<sub>ing</sub> > HQ<sub>inh</sub> > HQ<sub>derm</sub>. Hazard index (HI) values of soil for Cr and Pb in children were 7 and 7.5 times higher than adults respectively. Lifetime cancer risk (LCR) value for Cr by different exposure pathways of soil was 5.361 × 10<sup>-4</sup> for children which are at the lower borderline of risk for cancer.
Cardiac-state-driven CT image reconstruction algorithm for cardiac imaging (2002)

Multi-slice CT scanners use EKG gating to predict the cardiac phase during slice reconstruction from projection data. Cardiac phase is generally defined with respect to the RR interval. The implicit assumption made is that the duration of events in a RR interval scales linearly when the heart rate changes. Using a more detailed EKG analysis, we evaluate the impact of relaxing this assumption on image quality. We developed a reconstruction algorithm that analyzes the associated EKG waveform to extract the natural cardiac states. A wavelet transform was used to decompose each RR-interval into P, QRS, and T waves. Subsequently, cardiac phase was defined with respect to these waves instead of a percentage or time delay from the beginning or the end of RR intervals. The projection data was then tagged with the cardiac phase and processed using temporal weights that are function of their cardiac phases. Finally, the tagged projection data were combined from multiple cardiac cycles using a multi-sector algorithm to reconstruct images. The new algorithm was applied to clinical data, collected on a 4-slice (GE LightSpeed Qx/i) and 8-slice CT scanner (GE LightSpeed Plus), with heart rates of 40 to 80 bpm. The quality of reconstruction is assessed by the visualization of the major arteries, e.g. RCA, LAD, LC in the reformat 3D images. Preliminary results indicate that Cardiac State Driven reconstruction algorithm offers better image quality than their RR-based counterparts.
High Resolution, Magnetization Transfer Saturation, Variable Flip Angle, Time-of-Flight MRA in the Detection of Intracranial Vascular Stenoses (1995)

High resolution MTS TONE 3D TOF MRA is an accurate technique for the screening of medium and large vessel intracranial stenoses.
Effective Reduction of Debris Emitted from a Laser-Produced Plasma (1998)

In the practical application of laser-produced plasma as a soft X-ray source, the most serious problem is the emission of debris from the plasma. We have quantitatively evaluated the amount of debris, and have described its effective reduction by means of a buffer gas. With a tantalum target material, we substantially reduced the amount of debris by employing a buffer gas combined with protective covering.
Mining Textual Contents of Financial Reports (2004)

The message, stylistic focus, language and readability of financial reports are good indicators of the perspectives and developments of any company. These indicators can guide companies decision makers to more efficient actions in the dynamic business environment. In this paper, we have studied the language and contents of quarterly financial reports using automated linguistic and text mining methods. We aim at comparing the results from linguistic analysis of quarterly reports by means of collocational networks and the results obtained from text mining analysis of quarterly report by means of the prototype matching. We perform the study on the quarterly reports from three leading companies in the telecommunications sector. Our results are somewhat controversial: some of the reports from the companies have as their closest matches the reports with similar collocational networks and some do not have.
Characterisation of Sm2+-doped CsYbBr3, CsYbI3 and YbCl2 for near-infrared scintillator application (2022)

Fast energy transfer from Yb2+ to Sm2+ is a requirement when using Yb2+ as a sensitiser for Sm2+ emission for near-infrared scintillator applications. This cannot be achieved through dipole-dipole interactions due to the spin-forbidden nature of the involved Yb2+ transition, making the rate of energy transfer too slow for application. This work explores whether exploiting the exchange interaction by increasing the Yb2+ concentration to 99% is an effective way to increase the rate at which energy is transferred from Yb2+ to Sm2+. The scintillation characteristics of CsYbBr3:1%Sm, CsYbI3:1%Sm and YbCl2:1%Sm single crystals were studied through 137Cs excited pulse height spectra, X-ray excited decay and X-ray excited luminescence spectra. An energy resolution of 7% and a light yield of 30,000 ph/MeV was achieved with CsYbI3:1%Sm. Photoluminescence spectroscopy and decay studies were performed to study the band structure and relaxation dynamics.
CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY AND BIOPROSTHETIC BICUSPID SQUARE STENT BASED VENOUS VALVE FOR TRANSCATHETER PLACEMENT (2002)

The past 25 years have witnessed experimental efforts at catheter-based management of aortic, pulmonary and venous valve regurgitation.This chapter describes the initial designs and experimental evolution of a bioprosthetic venous valve that can be implanted by using a transcatheter technique.An evaluation of a percutaneously placed bioprosthetic, bicuspid venous valve (BBVV) consisting of a square stent and small intestinal submucosa (SIS) covering was performed in 15 sheep.Of 30 BBVVs placed into the jugular veins, 28 exhibited good valve function on immediate venograms, and 25 on venograms prior to sacrifice.Gross and histologic examinations demonstrated incorporation of remodeled and endothelialized SIS BBVVs into the vein wall.Minimally invasive placed square stent based SIS valve is a promising one-way, competent valve.
Ring-opening reactions of anionic cyclopropyl compounds. 3 (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing-opening reactions of anionic cyclopropyl compounds. 3Richard A. Brand and J. E. MulvaneyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 4, 633–636Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01292a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views231Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (525 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Ontogeny of thermoregulatory mechanisms in the rat. (1975)

The ability of rats to select a warm environment was studied as a function of postnatal age (birth to 13 days). Animals younger than 5 days demonstrated no choice response (movement to a warm compartment, 36-37 degrees C); however, they did demonstrate movement within the start compartment (23 degrees C). Increasing the motor capabilities of the pups, by injection of L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa, 50 mg/kg), elicited a choice response in 4-5 day-old animals. Younger animals demonstrated no choice of a warm environment even though they moved considerably. Also there was no difference between L-dopa-treated and control animals in the magnitude of temperature change in pups isolated from their mother for 1 hr. The evidence suggests development of behavioral thermoregulatory mechanisms prior to abilities for internal regulation.
Flow processing-aware controller placement in wireless DenseNets (2014)

The traffic demand in wireless access networks has grown substantially in recent years and is expected to continue doing so, both in terms of total volume and data rate required by individual users. To overcome the current limitations of wireless access networks, operators already push for very dense and heterogeneous wireless networks, commonly known as DenseNets. Efficiently controlling DenseNets is a task for current research, as simply scaling existing networks by orders of magnitude brings along several problems, e.g. increased energy consumption and the explosion of signaling. Further, new innovations such as Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) which target the operation expenses for networks with a large variety of proprietary hardware appliances, reveal that data flow processing should not be neglected in this research domain. Software-Defined Networking (SDN), which separates the control plane and the data forwarding plane, has been identified as a promising approach for an efficient control of DenseNets. However, the controllers of classic SDN approaches are confined to the routing of data flows, while the support of sophisticated processing mechanisms, e.g. NFV or Coordinated Multi-Point transmission (CoMP), is not considered. Data flow processing imposes many requirements on data rate, latency and processing capacity. Hence, an adequate allocation of the locations for data processing in a network is a challenging task and crucial for network performance. In this paper we propose our flow processing-aware controller placement framework that takes into account data flow processing and control applications, both enhancing the SDN architecture specifically for DenseNets.