gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Evolutionary Algorithms for Clustering (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a survey of evolutionary algorithms designed for clustering tasks. It tries to reflect the profile of this area by focusing more on those subjects that have been given more importance in the literature. In this context, most of the paper is devoted to partitional algorithms that look for hard clusterings of data, though overlapping (i.e., soft and fuzzy) approaches are also covered in the paper. The paper is original in what concerns two main aspects. First, it provides an up-to-date overview that is fully devoted to evolutionary algorithms for clustering, is not limited to any particular kind of evolutionary approach, and comprises advanced topics like multiobjective and ensemble-based evolutionary clustering. Second, it provides a taxonomy that highlights some very important aspects in the context of evolutionary data clustering, namely, fixed or variable number of clusters, cluster-oriented or nonoriented operators, context-sensitive or context-insensitive operators, guided or unguided operators, binary, integer, or real encodings, centroid-based, medoid-based, label-based, tree-based, or graph-based representations, among others. A number of references are provided that describe applications of evolutionary algorithms for clustering in different domains, such as image processing, computer security, and bioinformatics. The paper ends by addressing some important issues and open questions that can be subject of future research. </para>
Sequences that promote formation of catenated intertwines during termination of DNA replication (1989)

The normal sequence at which SV40 DNA replication terminates (TER) is unusual in that it promotes formation of catenated intertwines when two converging replication forks enter to complete replication (Weaver et al., 1985). Here we show that yeast centromeric sequences also exhibit this phenomenon. CEN3 caused accumulation of late replicating intermediates and catenated dimers in plasmids replicating in mammalian cells, but only when it was located in the termination region (180 degrees from ori), and only when cells were subjected to hypertonic shock to reduce topoisomerase II activity. Therefore, formation of catenated intertwines during termination of DNA replication was sequence dependent, suggesting that topoisomerase II acts behind replication forks in the termination region to remove intertwines generated by unwinding DNA rather than acting after replication is completed and catenates are formed. Under normal physiological conditions, CEN3 did not promote formation of catenated dimers in either mammalian or yeast cells. Therefore, CEN does not maintain association of sister chromatids during mitosis in yeast by introducing stable catenated intertwines during replication.
Zeolite ceramsite cellular concrete (2000)

When the natural zeolite ceramsite (NZC) is added to cellular concrete, using the natural-zeolite powder as a gas carrier, natural-zeolite ceramsite cellular concrete is formed. It is a new type of concrete. Its compressive strength at 28 days is 12–14 MPa, while its density is 900–1000 kg/m 3 . It has a double capillary structure of cellular concrete and ceramsite. The NZC absorbs water and its capillaries are full of water when the concrete is mixed. But after concrete hardening, the capillaries in the NZC undergo ‘self-vaccumization’ owing to dehydration, so that the adhesion between the ceramsite and cellular concrete is increased.
Impaired Manganese Metabolism Causes Mitotic Misregulation (2012)

Manganese is an essential trace element, whose intracellular levels need to be carefully regulated. Mn(2+) acts as a cofactor for many enzymes and excess of Mn(2+) is toxic. Alterations in Mn(2+) homeostasis affect metabolic functions and mutations in the human Mn(2+)/Ca(2+) transporter ATP2C1 have been linked to Hailey-Hailey disease. By deletion of the yeast orthologue PMR1 we have studied the impact of Mn(2+) on cell cycle progression and show that an excess of cytosolic Mn(2+) alters S-phase transit, induces transcriptional up-regulation of cell cycle regulators, bypasses the need for S-phase cell cycle checkpoints and predisposes to genomic instability. On the other hand, we find that depletion of the Golgi Mn(2+) pool requires a functional morphology checkpoint to avoid the formation of polyploid cells.
Scleral-Fixated Intraocular Lenses-Reply (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Despite an extensive literature survey, we had not come across the article by Malbran and colleagues.<sup>1</sup>In their article they describe three surgical techniques that use lens guide sutures for transportation with or without permanent fixation of the intraocular lens haptics. Malbran et al do not mention it, but their lens guide sutures make use of a threaded needle lumen, a technique one of us<sup>2</sup>described for the first time in a closed-chamber technique for repairing sector iris coloboma and also for iris-or scleral-suture fixation of the intraocular lens haptics. The first two techniques described by Malbran et al are for the secondary implantation of anterior chamber intraocular lenses. The third technique is for secondary implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens, with or without combined penetrating keratoplasty. However, the description of their third technique in the text as well as in the illustration is mainly
A design for test technique for parametric analysis of SRAM: on-die low yield analysis (2005)

Parametric analysis of microprocessor SRAM through special design for test features (DFT) is used extensively by fault isolation and failure analysis engineers to find and characterize defects. Unfortunately, a growing amount of leakage on each new process is distorting these low yield analysis (LYA) testmode l-V curves, making it increasingly difficult to find and differentiate defects. The goal of This work is to discuss the simulation and silicon results of a concept on-die LYA (ODLYA) circuit implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process technology. ODLYA is used to curve-trace individual transistors within an SRAM cell and read out results in an automated fashion. Taking measurements on-die eliminates interconnect-dominated IR drop and leakage distortion from several levels of multiplexing. The proposed implementation enables non-destructive high-speed parametric analysis with less dependency on growing cache sizes, number of cores, and scaling process technologies.
Moving Polymer Waveguides and Latching Actuator for 2 $ \times$ 2 MEMS Optical Switch (2009)

We describe a novel type of MEMS optical switch based on moving waveguide which has merits inherited from both MEMS and integrated optics technologies. It provides an expandable 2 times 2 switching capability, a first in this category of switches. The switch is built by assembling independently optimized latching silicon actuator and soft polymer waveguides. The actuator is based on two new structures: a microhinge, dubbed the fork hinge, and a latching structure using a precompressed microspring. The mechanical switching speed was measured below 0.5 ms. The complex polymer waveguide structure was thoroughly characterized to obtain all the components of the optical loss. This analysis allowed us to estimate robustly the insertion loss of the assembled optical switch below 3 dB and to identify the possibilities to improve this figure.
Effects of Maerua subcordata (Gilg) DeWolf on electrophile-responsive element (EpRE)-mediated gene expression in vitro (2019)

Plant extracts and phytochemicals may prevent chronic diseases via activation of adaptive cellular stress response pathways including induction of antioxidant and phase II detoxifying enzymes. The regulatory regions of these inducible genes encode the electrophile-response element (EpRE). This study tested the EpRE induction ability of Maerua subcordata (fruit, leaf, root, seed) methanol extracts and selected candidate constituents thereof, identified by liquid chromatography coupled with multistage mass spectroscopy, employing an EpRE luciferase reporter gene assay using hepa-1c1c7 mouse hepatoma cells. A parallel Cytotox CALUX assay using human osteosarcoma U2OS cells was used to monitor any non-specific changes in luciferase activity or cytotoxicity. Results showed that fruit, root, and seed extracts were non-cytotoxic up to a concentration of 30 gram dry weight per litre but the leaf extract exhibited some cytotoxicity and that the leaf (despite some cytotoxicity), fruit, and seed extracts showed strong induction of EpRE mediated gene expression while induction by the root extract was minimal. Selected candidates included glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and some biogenic amines. Subsequent studies showed that methyl-, ethyl-, isopropyl-, isobutyl- isothiocyanates, and sec-butyl thiocyanate as well as glucobrassicin induced concentration (1-100 μM) dependent EpRE-mediated gene expression while the biogenic amines stachydrine and trigonelline acted as inhibitors of EpRE-mediated gene expression at 100 μM. The identification of glucolepidiin, glucobrassicin, glucocapparin, stachydrine, and trigonelline in all extracts was confirmed using standards and based on multiple reaction monitoring; yet, glucobrassicin level in the root extract was negligible. In conclusion, this study provided a first report on EpRE mediated gene expression effects of M. subcordata; and despite detection of different glucosinolates in all extracts, those containing glucobrassicin particularly displayed high EpRE induction. Because EpRE inducers are cytoprotective and potential chemopreventive agents while inhibitors are suggested adjuvants of chemotherapy, results of this study imply that process manipulation of this plant may result in herbal preparations that may be used as chemopreventive agents or adjuvants of chemotherapies.
Enfortumab vedotin – next game-changer in urothelial cancer (2020)

<b><i>Introduction</i></b>: The therapeutic landscape of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) becomes increasingly dense: standard therapy remains cisplatin-based chemotherapy, followed by immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors as maintenance or second-line. New directions include erdafitinib, a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor in patients with corresponding mutations in FGFR2/3 receptor. Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting nectin-4 and is conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). It received FDA approval based on phase I/II data recently and thus represents an alternative to established third-line chemotherapies with vinflunine, paclitaxel, or docetaxel.<b><i>Areas covered</i></b>: The aim of this review was to evaluate the added value of Enfortumab vedotin in the therapeutic landscape of mUC. Current therapeutic options and alternatives for the affected patients are described, followed by a detailed description of the characteristics and available results of EV. Ongoing studies are explained, the present significance of the substance is assessed and its further future potential is outlined.<b><i>Expert opinion</i></b> Enfortumab vedotin has shown encouraging efficacy and a good tolerability in phase I/II trials, especially in heavily pretreated patients and patients with liver metastases. It appears to outperform third-line chemotherapies; ongoing studies will show the future potential of EV in treatment sequence.
Lurasidone for schizophrenia: a review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved second-generation antipsychotic (2010)

Lurasidone 40 and 80 mg/day appear efficacious and tolerable in the treatment of schizophrenia. Doses above 80 mg/day do not appear to confer added benefit and may be associated with a dose-related increase in certain adverse reactions. Principal advantages over some other second-generation antipsychotics are lurasidone's highly favourable metabolic profile and once-daily dosing regimen. Additional data regarding long-term efficacy and effectiveness will help characterise this new agent when used in maintenance treatment.
Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride as a Low‐Cost and Versatile Trifluoromethylation Reagent (2018)

A large number of reagents have been developed for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated compounds. However, an ongoing challenge in trifluoromethylation reaction is the use of less expensive and practical trifluoromethyl sources. We report herein the unprecedented direct trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes using trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride as a radical trifluoromethylation reagent by merging photoredox catalysis and pyridine activation. Furthermore, introduction of both the CF<sub>3</sub> and OTf groups of the trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride into internal alkynes to access tetrasubstituted trifluoromethylated alkenes was achieved. Since trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride is a low-cost and abundant chemical, this method provides a cost-efficient and practical route to trifluoromethylated compounds.
HLA typing does not predict REM sleep behaviour disorder and hallucinations in Parkinson's disease (2002)

HLA-DR2 haplotype and DQ1 DNA alleles, characterizing 90 to 100% of all narcoleptic patients, were found to be equally distributed in 20 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with early hallucinations, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-related behaviour disturbances (RBD), and sleep onset in REM (SOREM), and in 20 PD patients without hallucinations, despite 10 to 15 years of treatment, and no RBD or SOREM.
Effects of exercise on obesity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle (2017)

Obesity is known to induce inhibition of glucose uptake, reduction of lipid metabolism, and progressive loss of skeletal muscle function, which are all associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that regulate cellular metabolism and bioenergetics, including ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation. Due to these critical roles of mitochondria, mitochondrial dysfunction results in various diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is associated with impairment of mitochondrial function (e.g., decrease in O<sub>2</sub> respiration and increase in oxidative stress) in skeletal muscle. The balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission is critical to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis in skeletal muscle. Obesity impairs mitochondrial dynamics, leading to an unbalance between fusion and fission by favorably shifting fission or reducing fusion proteins. Mitophagy is the catabolic process of damaged or unnecessary mitochondria. Obesity reduces mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle and increases accumulation of dysfunctional cellular organelles, suggesting that mitophagy does not work properly in obesity. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are reported to trigger apoptosis, and mitochondrial apoptosis is induced by obesity in skeletal muscle. It is well known that exercise is the most effective intervention to protect against obesity. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which exercise protects against obesity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle are not clearly elucidated, exercise training attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction, allows mitochondria to maintain the balance between mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, and reduces apoptotic signaling in obese skeletal muscle.
Development of an Epidermal Growth Factor Derivative with EGFR Blocking Activity (2013)

The members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)/ErbB family are prime targets for cancer therapy. However, the therapeutic efficiency of the existing anti-ErbB agents is limited. Thus, identifying new molecules that inactivate the ErbB receptors through novel strategies is an important goal on cancer research. In this study we have developed a shorter form of human EGF (EGFt) with a truncated C-terminal as a novel EGFR inhibitor. EGFt was designed based on the superimposition of the three-dimensional structures of EGF and the Potato Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor (PCI), an EGFR blocker previously described by our group. The peptide was produced in E. coli with a high yield of the correctly folded peptide. EGFt showed specificity and high affinity for EGFR but induced poor EGFR homodimerization and phosphorylation. Interestingly, EGFt promoted EGFR internalization and translocation to the cell nucleus although it did not stimulate the cell growth. In addition, EGFt competed with EGFR native ligands, inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. These data indicate that EGFt may be a potential EGFR blocker for cancer therapy. In addition, the lack of EGFR-mediated growth-stimulatory activity makes EGFt an excellent delivery agent to target toxins to tumours over-expressing EGFR.
Harris-Benedict Equation and Resting Energy Expenditure Estimates in Critically Ill Ventilator Patients (2015)

For measuring REE in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, calculation via the Harris-Benedict equation, regardless of the source of body weight, cannot be substituted for indirect calorimetry.
RECENT EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON SOLUTE REDISTRIBUTION AT THE ICE/WATER INTERFACE. IMPLICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES AND INTERFACE PROCESSES (1987)

Redistribution of NaF, HCl, NaCl, NH4F, and AFGP at the ice/water interface have been investigated under near-equilibrium constrained growth conditions. The distribution coefficient of NaF-declined from 2 x 10-1 (at 10-6 N initial liquid concentration) to 3 x 10-3 (at 10-2 N). By contrast, the distribution coefficient of the two chlorides was 3 x 10-3 and invariant with initial liquid concentrations in the range 5 x 10-6 N to 5 x 10-4 N. At 10-6 N concentration of the mother solution, the distribution coefficient of NH4F was found to be strongly pH dependent. AFGP is the most highly soluble of known impurities in ice, with a distribution coefficient close to unity. In unstirred solutions, traces of AFGP in the mother solution caused an increase in the distribution coefficient of HCl due to instabilities in the flux fields of heat and solute.
Uterine differentiation as a foundation for subsequent fertility (2019)

Uterine differentiation in cattle and sheep begins prenatally, but is completed postnatally. Mechanisms regulating this process are not well defined. However, studies of urogenital tract development in murine systems, particularly those involving tissue recombination and targeted gene mutation, indicate that the ideal uterine organizational programme evolves epigenetically through dynamic cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions that define the microenvironmental context within which gene expression occurs and may ensure adult tissue stability In the cow and ewe, transient postnatal exposure of the developing uterus to steroids can produce immutable changes in adult uterine tissues that may alter the embryotrophic potential of the uterine environment. Thus, success of steroid-sensitive postnatal events supporting uterine growth and development can dictate the functional potential of the adult uterus. Studies to determine effects of specific steroidal agents on patterns of uterine development during defined neonatal periods, as well as the functional consequences of targeted neonatal steroid exposure in the adult uterus, should enable identification of critical developmental mechanisms and determinants of uterine integrity and function. Extreme adult uterine phenotypes (lesion models) created in cattle and sheep by strategic postnatal steroid exposure hold promise as powerful tools for the study of factors affecting uterine function and the rapid identification of novel uterine genes.
Hydroplan-EU : An integrated approach for sewer asset management Hydroplan-EU : Un outil intégré pour la gestion des égouts (2007)

Urban water and wastewater networks are expensive assets that need to be managed in a cost-effective and sustainable way, while maintaining an appropriate service level. To do so, an optimum balance has to be found between preventive and curative measures. Hydroplan is a flexible risk-based asset management procedure that helps network managers to solve this exercise. The procedure was developed and successfully tested on five diverse networks in Europe through the Hydroplan-EU project. The Hydroplan-EU project is presented, together with the Hydroplan procedure and results from two case studies.
Preliminary Research in Objective Analysis (1957)

Simple mathematical surfaces are used to interpolate numerically within two-dimensional networks of 500 mb contour heights and winds. The effect on the errors of interpolation of varying (i) the relative weights given to the measured contour heights and winds, (ii) the complexity of the mathematical surface, and (iii) the layout and dimensions of the network is examined. It is concluded that in areas where observations are reasonably dense, numerical analysis will be at least as satisfactory as the currently used subjective graphical method. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1957.tb01888.x
Evaluation of timestamping uncertainty in a software-based IEEE1588 implementation (2011)

The IEEE1588 became in the last years the de-facto solution to obtain a strict synchronization over a local area network. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the uncertainty sources that affect a software-only implementation of the IEEE1588 (the so called PTPd) based on off-the-shelf PC components. A careful analysis of timestamp mechanism and time management in a PC platform with an Operating System is carried out. The experimental setup presented in the paper highlights that the main uncertainty source of a software-only synchronization approach is the timestamp method. At the end of the paper, an index to evaluate the Timestamping uncertainty, called Timestamping Uncertainty Index (TUI) has been proposed and applied to the test case presented.
Identification of Novel A2/C2 Inter-Genotype Recombinants of Hepatitis B Virus from a Korean Chronic Patient Co-Infected with Both Genotype A2 and C2 (2017)

Nearly all cases of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in South Korea have the C2 genotype. Here, we have identified a chronically infected patient who was co-infected with HBV of both the A2 and C2 genotypes by screening 135 Korean chronically infected patients using direct sequencing protocols targeting the 1032-bp polymerase reverse transcriptase (RT) region. Further polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-cloning analysis (22 clones) of the RT showed that this patient had genotype C2 (12 clones), genotype A2 (six clones) and A2/C2 inter-genotype HBV recombinants (four clones). BootScan analysis showed that three of the four recombinants have different types of recombination breakpoints in both the RT and overlapping hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) region. Given the significance of HBsAg as a diagnostic or vaccination target against HBV infection, clinical implications of these identified recombinants should be studied in the future. To our knowledge, this is the first report on A2/C2 inter-genotype HBV recombinants.
Tree Nut Allergens (2003)

Allergic reactions to tree nuts can be serious and life threatening. Considerable research has been conducted in recent years in an attempt to characterize those allergens that are most responsible for allergy sensitization and triggering. Both native and recombinant nut allergens have been identified and characterized and, for some, the IgE-reactive epitopes described. Some allergens, such as lipid transfer proteins, profilins, and members of the Bet v 1-related family, represent minor constituents in tree nuts. These allergens are frequently cross-reactive with other food and pollen homologues, and are considered panallergens. Others, such as legumins, vicilins, and 2S albumins, represent major seed storage protein constituents of the nuts. The allergenic tree nuts discussed in this review include those most commonly responsible for allergic reactions such as hazelnut, walnut, cashew, and almond as well as those less frequently associated with allergies including pecan, chestnut, Brazil nut, pine nut, macadamia nut, pistachio, coconut, Nangai nut, and acorn.