gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ISERM: in-situ etch rate measurement system (2016)

The in-situ etch rate measurement system (ISERM) has not just been developed to bring the automation process of an IBF plant to the next level, but to add another possibility of control for the ion beam and therefore characterize the tool of the plant. Thus far a dummy sample must be used on which footprints and grooves must be generated by the ion beam tool. To determine the etch rate and the shape of the ion beam the sample needs to be measured with a surface interferometer afterward. This is a time intensive and static process and has to be redone in case of changing process parameters, e.g. ion source parameter settings. The ISERM is capable of automatically and repeatedly determining the etch rate and the shape of the ion beam without the need of processing a dummy sample.
Development of a new high holding voltage SCR-based ESD protection structure (2008)

A new silicon controlled rectifier low voltage triggered (SCR-LVT), to be adopted as protection structure against electrostatic discharge (ESD) events, has been developed and characterized. A high holding voltage has been obtained thanks to the insertion of two parasitic bipolar transistors, achieved adding a n-buried region to a conventional SCR structure. These two parasitic transistors partially destroy the loop feedback gain of the two main npn and pnp BJTs, resulting in an increase of the sustaining (holding) voltage during the ESD event. A strong dependence of the holding voltage with the ESD pulse width has also been observed, caused by self-heating effects. 2D device simulations (DESSIS Synopsys) have been performed obtaining results that perfectly fit the measurements over a wide temperature range (25 degC-125 degC). Using device simulation results , the factors that influence the holding voltage, in terms of temperature dependence, but also in the behavior of the parasitic BJTs, are explained. A guideline to change the SCR holding voltage, related to the SCR design layout without any change to process parameters, is also proposed.
Determination of receptor specificities for whole influenza viruses using multivalent glycan arrays (2014)

Influenza viruses bind to mucosal glycans to gain entry into a host organism and initiate infection. The target glycans are often displayed in multivalent arrangements on proteins; however, how glycan presentation influences viral specificity is poorly understood. Here, we report a microarray platform approximating native glycan display to facilitate such studies.
WE-AB-BRA-01: 3D-2D Image Registration for Target Localization in Spine Surgery: Comparison of Similarity Metrics Against Robustness to Content Mismatch (2015)

Purpose: In image-guided spine surgery, mapping 3D preoperative images to 2D intraoperative images via 3D-2D registration can provide valuable assistance in target localization. However, the presence of surgical instrumentation, hardware implants, and soft-tissue resection/displacement causes mismatches in image content, confounding existing registration methods. Manual/semi-automatic methods to mask such extraneous content is time consuming, user-dependent, error prone, and disruptive to clinical workflow. We developed and evaluated 2 novel similarity metrics within a robust registration framework to overcome such challenges in target localization. Methods: An IRB-approved retrospective study in 19 spine surgery patients included 19 preoperative 3D CT images and 50 intraoperative mobile radiographs in cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine regions. A neuroradiologist provided truth definition of vertebral positions in CT and radiography. 3D-2D registration was performed using the CMA-ES optimizer with 4 gradient-based image similarity metrics: (1) gradient information (GI); (2) gradient correlation (GC); (3) a novel variant referred to as gradient orientation (GO); and (4) a second variant referred to as truncated gradient correlation (TGC). Registration accuracy was evaluated in terms of the projection distance error (PDE) of the vertebral levels. Results: Conventional similarity metrics were susceptible to gross registration error and failure modes associated with the presence of surgical instrumentation: for GI, the median PDE and interquartile range was 33.0±43.6 mm; similarly for GC, PDE = 23.0±92.6 mm respectively. The robust metrics GO and TGC, on the other hand, demonstrated major improvement in PDE (7.6 ±9.4 mm and 8.1± 18.1 mm, respectively) and elimination of gross failure modes. Conclusion: The proposed GO and TGC similarity measures improve registration accuracy and robustness to gross failure in the presence of strong image content mismatch. Such registration capability could offer valuable assistance in target localization without disruption of clinical workflow. G. Kleinszig and S. Vogt are employees of Siemens Healthcare.
The microbiological signature of human cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions exhibits restricted bacterial diversity compared to healthy skin (2016)

Localised cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is the most common form of cutaneous leishmaniasis characterised by single or multiple painless chronic ulcers, which commonly presents with secondary bacterial infection. Previous culture-based studies have found staphylococci, streptococci, and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in LCL lesions, but there have been no comparisons to normal skin. In addition, this approach has strong bias for determining bacterial composition. The present study tested the hypothesis that bacterial communities in LCL lesions differ from those found on healthy skin (HS). Using a high throughput amplicon sequencing approach, which allows for better populational evaluation due to greater depth coverage and the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology pipeline, we compared the microbiological signature of LCL lesions with that of contralateral HS from the same individuals.Streptococcus, Staphylococcus,Fusobacterium and other strict or facultative anaerobic bacteria composed the LCL microbiome. Aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria found in HS, including environmental bacteria, were significantly decreased in LCL lesions (p < 0.01). This paper presents the first comprehensive microbiome identification from LCL lesions with next generation sequence methodology and shows a marked reduction of bacterial diversity in the lesions.
The latest techniques in the field of pipeline renewal services (1989)

Les differentes operations necessaires a la pose d'un revetement sont decrites: inspection de la canalisation, nettoyage et degraissage de la surface, sechage, pose du revetement et inspection
Vascular Defects and Spinal Cord Hypoxia in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2015)

Our results indicate that vascular defects are a major feature of severe forms of SMA, present in both mouse models and patients, resulting in functional hypoxia of motor neurons. Thus, abnormal vascular development and resulting hypoxia may contribute to the pathogenesis of SMA.
Sodium d-state fine structure in an electric field (1983)

Field ionisation quantum beats have been used to determine, as a function of electric field, the energy separations between certain sodium 34d fine-structure levels. At the largest electric fields employed the shifts in the fine-structure levels are much greater than the zero-field fine-structure splitting. The data are in accord with calculations based on a hydrogenic model.
US VAO Facility for Rapid Transients (2010)

The US VAO Facility for Rapid Transients (if funded) will collect and disseminate observations about time-critical astronomical transients, and add annotations and intelligent machine-learning to those observations. The information can be “pushed” to subscribers, who may be either humans or machines that control telescopes. Subscribers can prepare precise “triggers” to decide which events should reach them and their machines, that may be based on the generic event, or on the specific vocabulary of parameters that define a particular type of observation. The system will not be centralized, but rather a set of interoperating nodes with caching. The twin thrusts are automation of process, and discrimination of interesting events.
Changes in stability and shelf-life of ultra-high temperature treated milk during long term storage at different temperatures (2019)

In the ultra-high temperature (UHT) process, milk is subject to temperatures above 135 °C for few seconds giving a product with a shelf-life of several months. The raw milk quality, UHT process and storage conditions affect the stability. In this study, the stability of UHT milk produced in an indirect system was evaluated by studying changes in taste, colour, fat separation, fat adhesion to the package, sedimentation, gelation, heat coagulation time, pH and ethanol stability during storage for up to one year at different temperatures. UHT milk stored at 4 and 20 °C had the longest shelf-life of 34-36 weeks, limited by sediment formation. Storage at 30 and 37 °C considerably decreased the shelf-life of UHT milk to 16-20 weeks, whereby changes in sediment formation, taste and colour were the limiting factors. Our results suggest that the changes observed at the different storage temperatures can be explained by different known mechanisms.
Coordination Control of Differential Drive Assist Steering and Vehicle Stability Control for Four-Wheel-Independent-Drive EV (2018)

The differential drive assist steering (DDAS) system improves the handiness of steering by torque difference between two-side wheels. However, the DDAS and the vehicle stability control (VSC) will interfere with each other due to the same actuators. This paper proposes a hierarchical coordination control approach for the DDAS and VSC. The system is divided into four layers: the parameter estimation layer, the control region division layer, the coordination decision layer, and the control allocation layer. In the control region division layer, the stable area is firstly determined on the β-β <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">·</sup> phase portrait, and the coordinated control region is obtained by applying the simulated annealing algorithm inwardly and outwardly to the boundary of the stable area. In the coordination decision layer, the direct control strategy of steering hand wheel torque is used to establish the controller of the DDAS based on the fuzzy adaptive PID algorithm. At the same time, the controller of yaw moment is established based on the sliding mode control theory. In the stable region, the DDAS works separately. The VSC works separately in the unstable region. In the coordination region, the Sigmoid function is used to adjust the weight coefficient of the DDAS dynamically. Besides, the control allocation layer includes torque distribution controller and vehicle slip ratio controller. Finally, the vehicle model is established in CarSim, the control strategy, and the wheel motor model are established in Simulink. The joint simulation results of several typical conditions show that the designed control strategy can improve the handling stability of the vehicle effectively while DDAS working even in severe driving condition.
Zooplankton measurements using a conductance cell (1977)

The fact that plankton are near insulators relative to the ocean allows them to be counted and their volume and volume-to-length ratio determined by the use of a tubular conductance cell with ring electrodes spaced along it. The system described employs DC current in a tubular cell with three equally spaced potential electrodes, an I.D. of 3 to 5 mm. and a measuring zone length of 1 to 2 cm. Displacement of the potential of the central electrode relative to the other two by a plankton gives a characteristic shaped signal which can be distinguished from all spurious ones, and which contains information on size and length of the plankton and on towing speed. This information is transmitted to the deck readout system by a combination of time interval and digital coding.
Changes in serum and tissue fibronectin during ontogeny. (1983)

It has been proved that both in bovine and rat serum fibronectin concentration increases with age. While in foetal bovine the serum fibronectin concentration was 77 +/- 5 micrograms/ml, in adult cows the concentration of this protein reached 150.0 +/- 5.5 micrograms/ml. In newborn rats, the corresponding fibronectin concentration in the serum was 227 +/- 25 micrograms/ml as compared to 455 +/- 47 micrograms/ml in adult individuals. On the contrary, a drop in fibronectin concentration was found in the bovine glomerular basement membrane: fibronectin represents 3.8 +/- 0.6% of total protein in the newborn, while in animals older than two months this protein was not detectable. Accordingly, in newborn rats fibronectin represents 5.1 +/- 0.6% of total protein in the glomerular basement membrane and drops dramatically to 0.4 +/- 0.1% after one year of life with no detectable changes thereafter. In the alveolar basement membrane the changes are similar as in the glomerular basement membrane. While in newborn rats this protein represents 13.2 +/- 0.5% of total basement membrane protein, it drops to 3.2 +/- 0.3% after two years of life.
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Sudden-Onset Sleep in Parkinson Disease (2002)

Excessive daytime sleepiness is common even in patients with PD who are independent and do not have dementia. Sudden-onset sleep without warning is infrequent. The Epworth score has adequate sensitivity for predicting prior episodes of falling asleep while driving and its specificity can be increased by use of the Inappropriate Sleep Composite Score. It is unknown if routinely performing these assessments could be more effective in predicting future risk for these rare sleep attacks. Patients should be warned not to drive if they doze in unusual circumstances.
Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, and Hydrogen Oxidation by Pigeon Pea Bradyrhizobium spp. in Symbiotic Association with Pigeon Pea, Cowpea, and Soybean (1988)

The pigeon pea strains of Bradyrhizobium CC-1, CC-8, UASGR(S), and F4 were evaluated for nodulation, effectiveness for N(2) fixation, and H(2) oxidation with homologous and nonhomologous host plants. Strain CC-1 nodulated Macroptilium atropurpureum, Vigna unguiculata, Glycine max, and G. soja but did not nodulate Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Trifolium repens. Strain F4 nodulated G. max cv. Peking and PI 434937 (Malayan), but the symbioses formed were poor. Similarly, G. max cv. Peking, cv. Bragg, PI 434937, PR 13-28-2-8-7, and HM-1 were nodulated by strain CC-1, and symbioses were also poor. G. max cv. Williams and cv. Clark were not nodulated. H(2) uptake activity was expressed with pigeon pea and cowpea, but not with soybean. G. max cv. Bragg grown in Bangalore, India, in local soil not previously exposed to Bradyrhizobium japonicum formed nodules with indigenous Bradyrhizobium spp. Six randomly chosen isolates, each originating from a different nodule, formed effective symbioses with pigeon pea host ICPL-407, nodulated PR 13-28-2-8-7 soybean forming moderately effective symbioses, and did not nodulate Williams soybean. These results indicate the six isolates to be pigeon pea strains although they originated from soybean nodules. Host-determined nodulation of soybean by pigeon pea Bradyrhizobium spp. may depend upon the ancestral backgrounds of the cultivars. The poor symbioses formed by the pigeon pea strains with soybean indicate that this crop should be inoculated with B. japonicum for its cultivation in soils containing only pigeon pea Bradyrhizobium spp.
Molecular analysis of human HLA-G+ trophoblasts reveals their strong immune regulatory potential (P2172) (2013)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: During pregnancy HLA-G+ extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) play a key role in the prevention of a maternal immune attack to allogeneic fetal tissue. Human EVTs are extremely difficult to study due to their low frequency and lack of proliferative capacity. In this study we obtained robust villous trophoblast (VT) and EVT preparations and performed microarray analysis on RNA isolates. RESULTS: Comparison of the expression profiles revealed &amp;gt;4000 differentially expressed genes based on a 2-fold difference. To identify functional differences a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed. In EVTs, 14 functional gene sets out of the 20 most significantly enriched gene sets were associated with direct immune activation. The core genes of these immune pathways include cytokines (e.g. EBi3, TGFβ and IL8) and cell surface molecules (e.g. B7-H3 and CRTAM) which can all directly influence lymphocyte binding and activation. To evaluate the implications of this immune activating profile, co-cultures of EVT with decidual NK (dNK) cells and decidual T (dT) cells were established. Low percentages of dNK and dT cells form immune synapses with HLA-G+ EVTs. Preliminary analysis of dNK-EVT and dT-EVT co-cultures demonstrates that EVTs influence the expression of activation markers on decidual lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: Our data supports the hypothesis that proper immune activation, rather than general immune suppression, facilitates the establishment of fetal-maternal tolerance.
Research on the Medium term Market Decision of Electricity Retailer Considering Risk (2018)

This paper studies the decision of purchase and sale of the electricity retailers in the medium term market. The pricing model considers the impact of selling price both on market share and user side load transfer. The electricity retailers purchase electricity from the medium term market and the pool. The electricity retailers sell electricity to users through the electricity sale contract in the TOU price. According to the level of risk aversion, the electricity retailers are divided into aggressive, active, robust, cautious, and conservative types. On the impact of spot price and load fluctuation, the uncertain parameters are transformed into deterministic scenes through the multi-scene technology, and the risks of the electricity retailers are measured by the model of Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR). Aiming at maximum profit and minimum risk, a market decision model of electricity retailer is established. In addition, this paper analyzes the impact of different cases on the operation of the electricity retailers through case study.
Impact of baseline drift removal on ECG beat classification and alignment (2021)

Accurate beat classification and alignment is fundamental to any signal averaging method. The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of different beat classification and alignment methods, and the impact of pre-processing methods on these algorithms. Experimental data came from a human-shaped torso tank, with 256 body surface ECG recorded during sinus rhythm (SR) and left ventricular pacing (LVP) (n=4). “Gold-standard” classification and alignment were defined from recorded cardiac electrograms. Six different methods of baseline drift removal (BDR) were applied to ECG. Subsequently, 3 different beat segmentation methods were used to extract QRS complexes and align them, and four different beat classification methods. Pre-processing methods had only a small impact on beat classification and alignment compared to the segmentation and classification methods themselves. However, baseline drift removal over the whole QRS does appears to be important in providing the most accurate final averaged beat.
Le traitement bureaucratique de la misère (2007)

Cette habilitation à diriger des recherches a été soutenue en 2001 à l'Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne, et indique dans les membres du jury plusieurs noms connus, dont Pierre Bourdieu, Christian Baudelot et Michel Offerlé. V. Dubois, Action publique et processus d'institutionnalisation : sociologie des politiques culturelle et linguistique et du traitement bureaucratique de la misère :Ce travail vise à proposer un cadre pour une analyse sociologique de l'action publique. Il part pour cel...
Function of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Bundles during in Vivo Knee Flexion (2007)

These data provide a better understanding of the biomechanical function of the posterior cruciate ligament bundles and may help to improve the design of the 2-bundle reconstruction techniques of the ruptured posterior cruciate ligament.
Virulence and Genetic Variability Among Isolates of Mycosphaerella pinodes (2003)

Fifty-eight isolates of Mycosphaerella pinodes, collected from western Canada, New Zealand, France, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Ireland, were analyzed for pathogenic and genetic variation according to their virulence on six differential cultivars of field pea (AC Tamor, Bohatyre, Danto, Majoret, Miko, and Radley) and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. The 56 isolates were classified into 15 pathotypes. Pathotype 1 consisted of 31 isolates that were virulent on all six pea differential cultivars. Pathotypes 14 and 15 consisted of eight isolates that were avirulent on all six differential cultivars or virulent on one of six differential cultivars. The analysis of molecular variance showed that 57.2% of the total variation was caused by differences among populations, and 42.8% was due to molecular diversity within populations. Phylogenetic analysis of molecular variation of isolates showed that most of the Canadian isolates and four Australian isolates formed two clustered groups, respectively, regardless of virulence on the six differential cultivars. Isolates from New Zealand were geographically clustered into two groups. However, the isolates from France, Ireland, and the United Kingdom were clustered with the Canadian isolates.
Inductor Geometry With Improved Energy Density (2013)

The “constant-flux” concept is leveraged to achieve high magnetic-energy density, leading to inductor geometries with height significantly lower than that of conventional products. Techniques to shape the core and to distribute the winding turns to shape a desirable field profile are described for the two basic classes of magnetic geometries: those with the winding enclosed by the core and those with the core enclosed by the winding. A relatively constant flux distribution is advantageous not only from the density standpoint, but also from the thermal standpoint via the reduction of hot spots, and from the reliability standpoint via the suppression of flux crowding. In this journal paper on a constant-flux inductor (CFI) with enclosed winding, the foci are operating principle, dc analysis, and basic design procedure. Prototype cores and windings were routed from powder-iron disks and copper sheets, respectively. The design of CFI was validated by the assembled inductor prototype.
Impact of depth map spatial resolution on 3D video quality and depth perception (2010)

Despite the burgeoning advances in 3D video technologies, 3D video adaptation is still in its infancy. 3D video has a multidimensional nature. To support the growth of 3D adaptation technologies, key factors that characterise this nature should be thoroughly studied. Spatial resolution is one of the important factors characterising this nature. Thus, particularly the effect of different spatial resolutions of depth maps on video quality and depth perception should be investigated. Similarly, the influence of the content related factors on the perception of different spatial resolutions of the depth maps should also be investigated. Therefore, evaluation studies are conducted using spatially scaled depth maps encoded at different bit rates and their original colour texture counterparts. The depth maps utilised in the evaluations present different spatial and motion complexity characteristics. The results demonstrate that when the spatial resolutions of the depth maps increase, both the video quality and depth perception improve. The amount of improvement is highly correlated with the structural and motion complexity characteristics of the depth maps.