gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Coverage and Rate in Downlink Cellular Networks: A SIR Meta-Distribution Based Approach (2018)

In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the coverage and spectral efficiency of a downlink cellular network. Rather than relying on the first order statistics of received signal-to-interference-ratio (SIR) such as coverage probability, we focus on characterizing its meta-distribution. Our analysis is based on the alpha-beta-gamma (ABG) path-loss model which provides us with the flexibility to analyze urban macro (UMa) and urban micro (UMi) deployments. With the help of an analytical framework, we demonstrate that selection of underlying degrees-of-freedom such as BS height for optimization of first order statistics such as coverage probability is not optimal in the network-wide sense. Consequently, the SIR meta-distribution must be employed to select appropriate operational points which will ensure consistent user experiences across the network. Our design framework reveals that the traditional results which advocate lowering of BS heights or even optimal selection of BS height do not yield consistent service experience across users. By employing the developed framework we also demonstrate how available spectral resources in terms of time slots/channel partitions can be optimized by considering the meta-distribution of the SIR.
On the Functioning and Malfunctioning of Dimercaptothiadiazoles as Leveling Agents in Circuit Board Plating from Copper Pyrophosphate Baths (1978)

Foldback of copper electrodeposits to form lines of demarcation and voids in circuit board through‐holes plated from pyrophosphate baths containing dimercaptothiadiazole brightening additives has been studied on rotating planar electrodes prepared from cross sections of actual multilayer circuit boards. The macro surface roughness of deposits was used as a quantitative measure of foldback to show that this problem results from a deficiency of the brightener at the electrode surface. Cyclic voltammetric data for a rotating Pt‐disk electrode are presented which show that higher concentrations of the brightener inhibit or decelerate the copper deposition rate, whereas lower concentrations exert an accelerating effect. A mechanism is proposed to explain how acceleration of deposition occurs and how the brightener functions to induce leveling or malfunctions to produce foldback. Scanning‐electron micrographs revealing deposit morphology are presented in support of this mechanism.
SiC Power MOSFETs – Status, Trends and Challenges (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Lessons Learned in Empirical Scoring with smina from the CSAR 2011 Benchmarking Exercise (2013)

We describe a general methodology for designing an empirical scoring function and provide smina, a version of AutoDock Vina specially optimized to support high-throughput scoring and user-specified custom scoring functions. Using our general method, the unique capabilities of smina, a set of default interaction terms from AutoDock Vina, and the CSAR (Community Structure-Activity Resource) 2010 data set, we created a custom scoring function and evaluated it in the context of the CSAR 2011 benchmarking exercise. We find that our custom scoring function does a better job sampling low RMSD poses when crossdocking compared to the default AutoDock Vina scoring function. The design and application of our method and scoring function reveal several insights into possible improvements and the remaining challenges when scoring and ranking putative ligands.
Genetic and Pharmacological Basis for Therapeutic Inhibition of Band γ-Secretases in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Memory Deficits (2006)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a dementing neurodegenerative disorder for which effective disease-modifying therapeutic treatments have not yet been developed. Genetic and molecular biological studies provide accumulating evidence supporting the hypothesis that the production of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides, especially neurotoxic Abeta42, is central to the pathophysiology of AD--the 'amyloid cascade' hypothesis. Abeta is proteolytically generated from a type I integral membrane amyloid precursor protein by the sequential action of two enzymes, called beta- and gamma-secretase, in reference to their cleavage sites at the N- and C-terminals, respectively. Given the strong association between Abeta and AD, the strategies to inhibit the production of Abeta, the first step of the amyloid cascade, should prove beneficial as truly disease-modifying therapeutic approaches for the treatment of AD. Recent advances in genetic strategies including knockouts, transgenics and virus-delivered small interfering RNAs and the development of potent and specific small-molecule inhibitors have opened a new window to test the impacts of beta- and gamma-secretase inhibition in vivo. Since cognitive deficits are at the heart of AD, one of the most important challenges is to determine the therapeutic potential of secretase-inhibiting approaches for AD-related memory deficits, linking perspectives through the prism of molecular/pathological events and those through behavioral and neurophysiological manifestations. I review recent progress in this field, with special focus on the functional consequences of beta- and gamma-secretase inhibition and altered amyloid neuropathology in mouse models of AD memory deficits.
MICRODOSING/MICROTRACING CLINICAL TRIALS USING ACCELERATED MASS SPECTROMETRY IN CLINICAL DRUG DEVELOPMENT (2018)

Background: Microtracing/microdosing is an innovative technology that can revolutionize the current paradigm of clinical drug development. Typically, a very small amount of the drug, i.e., 'microdose', which is less than 100 micrograms (or 30 nmoles for proteins), is administered to humans. Because this is much smaller than 1/100 of the pharmacologically active dose in many cases, microtracing/microdosing technology can be employed at a very early stage of clinical drug development even when there is limited animal toxicology data. Furthermore, in order to trace minute doses, an accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) is required and the compound should be labeled, typically with 14C. The microtracing/microdosing study allows clinical drug development scientists for generating the intravenous pharmacokinetics, mass balance, metabolite profiling, and absolute bioavailability data much easier, faster, and at a significantly lower cost. The objectives of the present study were 1) to investigate how the AMS-enabled microdosing/microtracing study has been utilized to streamline clinical drug development, and 2) to evaluate the perspectives for the future potential of the AMS-enabled microdosing/microtracing study from industry drug development scientists
A Drosophila Model for EGFR-Ras and PI3K-Dependent Human Glioma (2009)

Gliomas, the most common malignant tumors of the nervous system, frequently harbor mutations that activate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways. To investigate the genetic basis of this disease, we developed a glioma model in Drosophila. We found that constitutive coactivation of EGFR-Ras and PI3K pathways in Drosophila glia and glial precursors gives rise to neoplastic, invasive glial cells that create transplantable tumor-like growths, mimicking human glioma. Our model represents a robust organotypic and cell-type-specific Drosophila cancer model in which malignant cells are created by mutations in signature genes and pathways thought to be driving forces in a homologous human cancer. Genetic analyses demonstrated that EGFR and PI3K initiate malignant neoplastic transformation via a combinatorial genetic network composed primarily of other pathways commonly mutated or activated in human glioma, including the Tor, Myc, G1 Cyclins-Cdks, and Rb-E2F pathways. This network acts synergistically to coordinately stimulate cell cycle entry and progression, protein translation, and inappropriate cellular growth and migration. In particular, we found that the fly orthologs of CyclinE, Cdc25, and Myc are key rate-limiting genes required for glial neoplasia. Moreover, orthologs of Sin1, Rictor, and Cdk4 are genes required only for abnormal neoplastic glial proliferation but not for glial development. These and other genes within this network may represent important therapeutic targets in human glioma.
Cycloaddition reactions of bridgehead enones (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCycloaddition reactions of bridgehead enonesGeorge A. Kraus, Yung Son Hon, James Sy, and Jeff RaggonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 7, 1397–1400Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00242a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00242a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views433Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
In vivo monitoring of microvessels in skin flaps: Introduction of a novel technique (2001)

Orthogonal polarization spectral (OPS) imaging was validated against intravital fluorescence microscopy (IFM) for microvascular measurements in skin flaps of hairless mice. Examinations were performed 1, 6, and 24 hours after elevation (n = 8) with both OPS imaging and IFM. A fluorescent dye was a prerequisite for IFM measurements but not for OPS imaging. Our findings show that OPS imaging can visualize the skin flap microcirculation independent from the application of fluorescent tracers. From these images, quantitative analysis of functional capillary density (FCD) was feasible. As expected, FCD was significantly lower in the distal part of the flap compared with its base (171.8 +/- 34.7 versus 62.0 +/- 25.6, mean +/- SD; 1 hour data). Comparison of OPS imaging and IFM revealed a significant correlation of FCD values (P < 0.001) at all time points. Given the success of this validation study on mouse skin flaps, clinical investigations will have to prove that OPS imaging can also successfully be used to monitor flaps in humans.
Automatic EDFA gain spectrum equalization using LPFGs on divided coil heaters (2007)

We describe a dynamic erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) based on automatic feedback control of LPFG based active gain equalizing filters. With two LPFG mounted on a novel divided coil heater array, wide dynamic-range gain/power control for an EDFA was achieved with less than 0.8 dB gain ripple, over 30 nm.
The effect of o‐phenyl phenol on the dyeing of an acrylic fiber with basic dyes (1993)

Abstract The equilibrium uptake of o ‐phenyl phenol onto Courtelle S at 98°C was found to follow a Nernst adsorption mechanism, indicating that uptake arises by virtue of hydrophobic interaction as well as ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dipole‐induced dipole forces operating between the fiber and the nonionic carrier. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to demonstrate the plasticizing action of the carrier on Courtelle S yarn. A linear relationship was obtained between the extent of plasticization, as measured by reduction in T g of the fiber, and concentration of carrier applied to the fiber with the maximum extent of plasticization, showing a close correspondence to the aqueous solubility of o ‐phenyl phenol at 98°C, the temperature at which the fiber was treated with the carrier. The relationship between the extent of enhancement of uptake of C. I. Basic Green 4 and C. I. Basic Red 13 onto Courtelle S yarn at 98°C and concentration of the carrier in the dyebath was also examined: The concentration of o ‐phenyl phenol that gave maximum enhancement of dye uptake coincided with the aqueous solubility of the carrier at 98°C. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
A Home Walking Rehabilitation Program Improves Exercise Tolerance and Dyspnea Sensation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease (COAD) (2003)

Background and Purpose: Exercise intolerance is the most disabling and distressing consequence of chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD) for the majority of patients. The accurate assessment of the exercise capacity of patients with COAD is important for the dual purpose of exercise prescription and determining response to therapy. The aims of this study were to evaluate the role of a home exercise program based on a six-minute walking test in determining maximal exercise capacity and the causes of exercise limitation, as well as to evaluate the benefits of short-term exercise training in patients with COAD. 
Patients and Methods: We assessed the efficacy of a home walking program in 18 stable patients with COAD in terms of exercise tolerance, dyspnea sensation, and pulmonary function. The work rate (METs) measured during a six-minute walking test was used to select the target training intensity for an exercise training program of three months. We also used the ratings of perceived symptoms to help teach patients to exercise to “target” levels of breathing discomfort. 
Results: There was a significant increase in the six-minute walking distance, from 497.9 ± 23.8 meters to 543.6 ± 26.7 meters, in the patients after undergoing a three-month exercise training program (n=9, p＜0.05), while the six-minute walking distance did not show significant change in the control group (from 501.9 ± 40.8 meters before to 501.7 ± 42.3 meters, n=9, p＞0.05). Considering the time-course effect, the exercise training program significantly increased the six-minute walking distance after two months of training (537.1 ± 27.3 meters) and three months of training (543.6 ± 26.7 meters), compared with the baseline (497.9 ± 23.8 meters, n=9, p＜0.05) and one month of training levels (504.2 ± 24.5 meters, n=9, p＜0.05). The Borg’s scale at rest had significantly decreased, from 2.3 ± 0.4 before to 1.7 ± 0.5 after, in the patients after undergoing a three-month exercise training program (n=9, p＜0.05), but the dyspnea sensation did not change significantly at rest in the control group (from 2.3 ± 0.2 before to 2.2 ± 0.2, n=9, p＞0.05). The Borg’s scale had not changed significantly at the end of the exercise. 
Conclusion: Considering the time-course effect, the exercise training program significantly improved the dyspnea sensation after one month of training (1.4 ± 0.5, n=9, p＜0.05), two months of training (1.6 ± 0.5, n=9, p＜0.05) and three months of training (1.7 ± 0.5, n=9, p＜0.05), compared with the baseline (2.3 ± 0.4). The FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC did not show a significant change before and after the exercise program in either group. A three-month home pulmonary exercise program improved exercise endurance and dyspnea sensation in COAD patients with exercise intolerance.
Unmasking a sustained negative effect of SGLT2 inhibition on body fluid volume in the rat (2018)

The chronic intrinsic diuretic and natriuretic tone of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors is incompletely understood because their effect on body fluid volume (BFV) has not been fully evaluated and because they often increase food and fluid intake at the same time. Here we first compared the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor ipragliflozin (Ipra, 0.01% in diet for 8 wk) and vehicle (Veh) in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii rat, a nonobese type 2 diabetic model, and nondiabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. In nondiabetic rats, Ipra increased urinary excretion of Na<sup>+</sup> (UNaV) and fluid (UV) associated with increased food and fluid intake. Diabetes increased these four parameters, but Ipra had no further effect, probably because of its antihyperglycemic effect, such that glucosuria and, as a consequence, food and fluid intake were unchanged. Fluid balance and BFV, determined by bioimpedance spectroscopy, were similar among the four groups. To study the impact of food and fluid intake, nondiabetic rats were treated for 7 days with Veh, Ipra, or Ipra+pair feeding+pair drinking (Pair-Ipra). Pair-Ipra maintained a small increase in UV and UNaV versus Veh despite similar food and fluid intake. Pair-Ipra induced a negative fluid balance and decreased BFV, whereas Ipra or Veh had no significant effect compared with basal values. In conclusion, SGLT2 inhibition induces a sustained diuretic and natriuretic tone. Homeostatic mechanisms are activated to stabilize BFV, including compensatory increases in fluid and food intake.
교정사회사업에서 사회복지사의 역할과 과제 (1999)

The Rehabilitation of criminals and juvenile deliquents is a very important matter in criminal justice system. Though this problem has been discussed in the field of jurisprudence, social workers have the ability to rehabilitate criminals and juvenile deliquents more effectively. To rehabilitate them, various activities are needed such as consultation, job training, job assistance, livelyhood support and so on. So we can surely say that correctional process has the nature of service and welfare, and in this respect many more social workers should be engaged in the field of correction. At present, social workers can work as correctional-volunteers at every stage of criminal justice, but until now these activities of social workers are not active. And though there are some kind of professional jobs in correctional facilities, most of the officials working in the facilities are not social workers. So, until now, it is evident that activities of social workers in the field of correction are not sufficient. But to replace current security-weigthed practice by correction-weighed practice, social workers should be given more opportunity to work as volunteers or professionals in the field of correction. To accomplish this, the appointment examination system of correctional public officials should be improved urgently. At present, examination subjects of correctional officials become serious obstacle for social workers participating in the field of correction. And more efforts and concerns of social workers in rehabilitating criminals and juvenile deliquents are also needed.
Alopecia areata: Part 1: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis. (2015)

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune form of hair loss seen regularly in primary care. Family physicians are well placed to identify AA, characterize the severity of disease, and form an appropriate differential diagnosis. Further, they are able educate their patients about the clinical course of AA, as well as the overall prognosis, depending on the patient subtype.
Effect of xylitol‐containing carbohydrate mixtures on acid and ammonia production in suspensions of salivary sediment (1987)

pH changes and the production of lactic acid, acetic acid and ammonia were studied in suspensions of salivary sediment supplemented with mixtures of xylitol and other carbohydrate sweeteners. The only mixtures which increased the pH values of the suspensions were those containing xylitol alone or mixtures of xylitol and sorbitol. Mixtures of xylitol and Lycasin 80/55 caused a relatively small pH reduction. Xylitol was not able to inhibit the acid production from the easily fermented glucose, fructose and Lycasin 05/60. The levels of lactic acid, determined in the incubation mixtures, directly reflected these pH changes. The levels of acetic acid and ammonia were, however, relatively similar in all incubation mixtures. The results suggest that the inhibitory effects of xylitol on acid production of oral flora should be retained, provided that xylitol is used either alone or in mixtures with slowly fermentable carbohydrates, such as sorbitol and Lycasin 80/55.
[Tubercular liver abscess: a case report and discussion of the literature]. (1995)

A case of an isolated tuberculous abscess of the liver in a 47-years-old woman with a 2-year history of disease is presented. Only 17 similar cases have been reported previously in the literature. The symptomatology of this patient, confused initially with a chronic calculous cholecystitis and then with an hepatic pyogenic abscess exemplify what has been described for this rare disease presentation. A review of the pertinent literature is presented.
Back to nature: A more natural alternative to the PTFE covered stent: Twenty‐two years in the making (2016)

The introduction of easily deployed covered stents has made PCI safer. The homemade venous and PTFE covered stent were effective but not practical for sealing perforations. The novel pericardial covered stent graft goes back to a more natural covering and is more easily deployed.
TU-EE-A3-03: Automated Segmentation of Radiographic Fiducials for C-Arm Tracking (2006)

Purpose: Intraoperative quantitative C-arm fluoroscopy guidance depends on discerning the relative pose of images (pose recovery). A possible method is to use radiographic fiducials visible in fluoro images [1,2]. We propose a robust and fast method for segmenting fiducials designed for brachytherapy applications. Methods and materials: The fiducial contains points, lines and ellipses made from BBs and wires[1]. The algorithm integrates the a-priori knowledge of fiducial's mechanical construction in a cleverly devised workflow. The BB segmentation is achieved using morphological top-hat transform. This information serves as a heuristic input to line segmentation realized by a curve tracing algorithm which operates on edge image, followed by augmenting information from intensity image. Once the lines are segmented, this information feeds to the ellipse extraction step. For ellipse segmentation, intensity image is morphologically processed to eliminate background noise, followed by elimination of BB-s and lines from the information obtained in prior steps. The resulting image consists of only ellipse segments. A fast variation of Hough transform is used to rectify the full ellipse from the segments. Results: The fiducial algorithm identified all the features (BBs, lines and ellipses) visible to human eye in all ten clinical images. Next the accuracy of fiducial segmentation was assessed numerically by feeding the results to the pose recovery algorithm of [1]. The fiducial was moved on an accurate mechanical platform (as ground truth) while the C-arm was stationary. We reconstructed the relative poses with an accuracy of 1.2 mm in translation and 0.3 degrees in rotational based on the segmented fiducials. Conclusions: The algorithm makes effective use of a-priori knowledge and combines the techniques of morphological segmentation, curve tracing, and Hough transform, resulting in a novel curve segmentation strategy.
Effect of an atmospheric pollutant, NO2, on bacterial species of skin microbiota (2018)

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