gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preclinical Comparative Study of 68Ga-Labeled DOTA, NOTA, and HBED-CC Chelated Radiotracers for Targeting PSMA (2016)

(68)Ga-labeled, low-molecular-weight imaging agents that target the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) are increasingly used clinically to detect prostate and other cancers with positron emission tomography (PET). The goal of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of three PSMA-targeted radiotracers: (68)Ga-1, using DOTA-monoamide as the chelating agent; (68)Ga-2, containing the macrocyclic chelating agent p-SCN-Bn-NOTA; and (68)Ga-DKFZ-PSMA-11, currently in clinical trials, which uses the acyclic chelating agent, HBED-CC. The PSMA-targeting scaffold for all three agents utilized a similar Glu-urea-Lys-linker construct. Each radiotracer enabled visualization of PSMA+ PC3 PIP tumor, kidney, and urinary bladder as early as 15 min post-injection using small animal PET/computed tomography (PET/CT). (68)Ga-2 demonstrated the fastest rate of clearance from all tissues in this series and displayed higher uptake in PSMA+ PC3 PIP tumor compared to (68)Ga-1 at 1 h post-injection. There was no significant difference in PSMA+ PC3 PIP tumor uptake for the three agents at 2 and 3 h post-injection. (68)Ga-DKFZ-PSMA-11 demonstrated the highest uptake and retention in normal tissues, including kidney, blood, spleen, and salivary glands and PSMA-negative PC3 flu tumors up to 3 h post-injection. In this preclinical evaluation (68)Ga-2 had the most advantageous characteristics for PSMA-targeted PET imaging.
Reduced Size of Corpus Callosum in Autism (1995)

Evidence is found of a reduced size of the corpus callosum in autistic patients. This reduction is localized to posterior regions, where parietal lobe fibers are known to project. This finding further supports the idea that parietal lobe involvement may be a consistent feature in autism.
Precision level measurement based on time-domain reflection (TDR) measurements (2003)

Abstract. A system for a high precision multi target level measurement based on guided microwave pulses is presented. A wide-band technique based on time-domain reflectometry (TDR) in combination with a TEM-waveguide as the probe fulfils the requirements of mm-precision level measurements in tanks. The coaxial waveguide provides very low dispersion for wide-band signals. Inside the coaxial waveguide the different fluids with their specific dielectric constants influence the waveguide’s characteristic impedance, so that reflections take place at each discontinuity and separating layer respectively. A second very important requirement of the system is a high resolution. Thin layers (&lt; 10 mm) should be measured reliably. For that reason the pulse width must be sufficiently small. In this case a pulse width about 100 ps is suitable. It is obvious, that a high bandwidth of the whole system is necessary to provide the precision and the resolution. One further requirement is a nearly jitter free generation of two pulse trains with slightly different pulse repetition rates. These pulse trains are used for sequential sampling. The following analog to digital conversion of the received signal occurs at a relatively slow rate, in order to allow an A/D conversion with a high resolution.
Syntheses and Electronic Properties of New Type of Donor–Acceptor Type Copolymers for Solar Cell Applications (2015)

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Solution, surface, and single molecule platforms for the study of DNA-mediated charge transport (2012)

The structural core of DNA, a continuous stack of aromatic heterocycles, the base pairs, which extends down the helical axis, gives rise to the fascinating electronic properties of this molecule that is so critical for life. Our laboratory and others have developed diverse experimental platforms to investigate the capacity of DNA to conduct charge, termed DNA-mediated charge transport (DNA CT). Here, we present an overview of DNA CT experiments in solution, on surfaces, and with single molecules that collectively provide a broad and consistent perspective on the essential characteristics of this chemistry. DNA CT can proceed over long molecular distances but is remarkably sensitive to perturbations in base pair stacking. We discuss how this foundation, built with data from diverse platforms, can be used both to inform a mechanistic description of DNA CT and to inspire the next platforms for its study: living organisms and molecular electronics.
High Viral Load and Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotype Ce Are Associated With Increased Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2008)

High HBV DNA level and HBV genotype C, particularly subgenotype Ce, increased the risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B.
Partitioning of Fatty Acids in Oil/Water Systems Analyzed by HPLC (2007)

Abstract Surfactant/oil/water systems in which the surface‐active substance is a mixture of an undissociated fatty acid (FA) and its sodium salt soap, exhibit the typical phase behavior and the general emulsion phenomenology produced by a formulation scan. The phase behavior transition is induced by changing the FA concentration in the system at a fixed alkaline (NaOH) content in water, which results in a variable lipophilic acid/hydrophilic salt ratio. The partitioning is reported for different FA types (octanoic to myristic) and alcohol co‐surfactants between excess oil and water phases of Winsor three‐phase optimum formulation system. The concentrations are determined by using a method reported in a previous work to quantify the total acid fraction in each phase.
On Compression of Data Encrypted with Block Ciphers (2009)

This paper investigates compression of encrypted data. It has been previously shown that data encrypted with Vernam's scheme, also known as the one-time pad, can be compressed without knowledge of the secret key, therefore this result can be applied to stream ciphers used in practice. However, it was not known how to compress data encrypted with non-stream ciphers. In this paper, we address the problem of compressing data encrypted with block ciphers, such as the advanced encryption standard (AES) used in conjunction with one of the commonly employed chaining modes. We show that such data can be feasibly compressed without knowledge of the key. We present performance results for practical code constructions used to compress binary sources.
Pathogenesis of acute gastroesophageal reflux disease might be changing (2016)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is prevalent worldwide and its incidence is increasing as the obese population rises (1). Notably, in North America, Europe, the Middle East, and South America the estimated prevalence of GERD is high and GERD in pediatric patients has recently become a significant problem.
名义尺度:比例、百分数和比 (1900)

用名义尺度综合资料比用间隔尺度综合资料要简易得多。基本的算术运算就是数一下每个组中的事件数,然后记下它们的相应量值。为了同别组进行比较,必需把组的事件数一起考虑。本文要论述的一些测度,基本上是通过对量值标准化或加以控制,使能在几个组之间进行比较。在这些测度中,比例和百分数,是大家早已熟悉的。比例为了应用比例,我们必须对分组法作这样的假定,即各组是互斥并可以取尽的。换句话说,任何给定的个体都已放入,而且只能放入一个组中。为了简单起见,我们取用一种各义
Interaction Between Warfarin and Nafcillin: Case Report and Review of the Literature (2007)

A 39-year-old man with a history of deep vein thrombosis and septic arthritis of the left knee was treated with warfarin and cefazolin. Therapeutic prothrombin times and international normalized ratios (INRs) were maintained with warfarin 32 mg/week for approximately 1 month. When the patient's antibiotic regimen was changed from cefazolin to nafcillin 2 g every 4 hours, his INR declined significantly. His warfarin dosage had to be increased to a maximum of 88 mg/week to achieve a therapeutic INR. After completion of antibiotic therapy with nafcillin, the patient's warfarin requirements slowly declined over several weeks. A maintenance dosage of warfarin 42-48 mg/week was necessary after nafcillin discontinuation. Hepatic cytochrome P450 isoenzyme induction by nafcillin is likely the mechanism of a warfarin-nafcillin interaction. The usual onset of effect is within 1 week after starting nafcillin, and the offset of the effect is usually evident within 4 weeks after nafcillin discontinuation. In patients taking warfarin who are prescribed nafcillin, a 2-4-fold increase in the warfarin dose may be necessary, and clinicians should closely monitor INRs.
Application of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy to biological systems (1991)

Abstract This review summarizes the literature relating to the application of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) techniques to the study of biological molecules. The emphasis is on publications that have appeared during the period from 1985 to 1991. The review is divided into six major parts. First, a brief overview of the current understanding of the mechanistic aspects of SERS/SERRS is given, with an emphasis on the relationship between theoretical predictions and experimental results. The most common experimental systems (colloids, metal island films, and electrodes) are described. Studies of biological systems are described in the second (small molecules), third (DNA and proteins) and fourth (membranes proteins and membrane preparations) sections. In the fifth or conclusion section, the potential use of SERS or SERRS as a method for obtaining spectra of native biological molecules is evaluated. Finally, the sixth section describes advances in Raman instrumentation in terms of their possible impact on future applications of SERS/SERRS techniques to biological molecules.
In vivo inhibition of influenza A virus replication by RNA interference targeting the PB2 subunit via intratracheal delivery (2017)

Our findings suggest that the PB2-targeting shRNA plasmid showed potential for use as an RNAi-based therapeutic for influenza virus infection.
Electric submersible pump as an effective artificial lift method to control bottom-hole pressure in a producing gas hydrate well, JOGMEC/NRCan/Aurora Mallik 2007-2008 Gas Hydrate Production Research Well Program (2012)

Gas hydrate is a potentially vast, high-energy hydrocarbon resource. It is known to occur in deep water marine sediments along continental margins, and in cold Arctic regions beneath thick permafrost. The challenge in producing methane gas from gas hydrate lies in controlling the gas hydrate dissociation process through depressurization and/or thermal stimulation (addition of heat). The first sustained production of gas hydrate was achieved at the Mallik site in Canada's Mackenzie Delta over a period of 6.8 days during March 2008, as part of the 2007-2008 JOGMEC/NRCan/Aurora Mallik Gas Hydrate Production Research Well Program. In this test, gas hydrate dissociation was initiated by simple depressurization of the gas hydrate reser-voir, using mechanical manipulation of fluid levels within the producing well to maintain bottom-hole pressure and temperature conditions outside the methane hydrate stability field. This paper addresses the design criteria and equipment selection for the artificial lift component of the 2007-2008 gas hydrate production test. The equipment was specially configured to operate in the very low ambient wellbore temperatures and potentially abrasive conditions. An electric submersible pump (ESP), pressure and temperature sensors, down-hole induction heater, and a variable speed drive were used to maintain the stable pump-intake pressure and temperature required to sustain the dissociation process. The ESP down-hole equipment operated as expected and was capable of significant turn-down to produce at relatively low flow rates of 10 to 15 m3/d under a variety of intake pressures. The variable speed drive enabled the maintenance of stable intake pressures throughout the production test.
Metabolism of glycolate in Euglena gracilis. Part V. Occurrence and subcellular distribution of enzymes involved in the glycolate pathway and their physiological function in a bleached mutant of Euglena gracilis Z. (1981)

The streptomycin-bleached, non-photosynthetic mutant of Euglena gracilis contained NADH-glyoxylate reductase, NADPH-glyoxylate reductase, glutamate-glyoxylate aminotransferase and serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase, in addition to glycolate dehydrogenase. Most activities of NADH- and NADPH-glyoxylate reductases and 75% of glutamate-glyoxylate aminotransferase activity in the crude homogenate were recovered in mitochondria. The mutant cells grown under illumination contained three times as high glycolate dehydrogenase activity as the dark-grown cells. Illumination on the dark-grown cells caused an increase in activity to the level of the light-grown cells. Light at 420 nm wavelength was most effective for inducing the enzyme. The enzyme induced by illumination was the mitochondrial one and the specific activity increased 4-fold after illumination for 3 days; the rate of the increase was almost equal to the ratio of the rate of glycolate uptake from incubation mediumby the light-grown mutant to that of the dark-grown cells. However, there was no marked difference in the fate of carboxyl carbon of glycolate metabolized between the two types of cells. It is concluded from these results that mitochondrial glycolate dehydrogenase participates mainly in the glycolate metabolism in the bleached mutant. This is supported by experiments on the metabolism of glycolate in isolated, intact mitochondria of the mutant. The physiological significance of the formation and metabolism of glycolate in the non-photosynthetic mutant of Euglena was discussed.
PD65-04 NUCLEOLIN STAINING MAY AID IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF CIRCULATING PROSTATE CANCER CELLS (2017)

used to predict risk of biochemical recurrence and guide adjuvant therapy after prostatectomy, but it is not clear to what extent these features correlate with genetic markers of disease aggressiveness. In this study, we sought to determine patterns of biomarker expression in African Americans, who are at higher risk of developing aggressive prostate cancer, and whether these biomarkers correlate with adverse pathologic features at prostatectomy. METHODS: We ran the Decipher test retrospectively on radical prostatectomy specimens obtained between December 2008 and April 2016 from a cohort of 72 African American men at a single institution. Data obtained included Decipher GRID expression levels of additional RNA biomarkers as well as the pathologic features at prostatectomy of each specimen. Fisher's Exact Test analysis was used to determine correlations between biomarkers and the following pathologic features: perineural invasion (PNI), extraprostatic extension (EPE), seminal vesical invasion (SVI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and margin positivity.
Characterization of Quasi-static Mechanical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites Using a New Combinatorial Approach (2009)

Recently, it has become very important to rapidly characterize the processing-structure-property relationships in polymer nanocomposites using minimal quantities of expensive nanoscale fillers. To address this issue, we present a new combinatorial approach developed for characterizing the variation in mechanical properties as a function of filler composition in polymer nanocomposites. The fundamental basis for the combinatorial approach is the generation of compositional gradients through transient operation of a twin-screw extruder (TSE). The compositional variation in the specimens could be rapidly predicted a priori using a convolution process model and was verified a posteriori using pycnometry measurements and thermogravimetric analysis. To characterize the quasi-static mechanical properties along the compositional gradient, sub-scale specimens that are proportional in size to ASTM type I specimens but with a gage section that is a factor of 10 smaller, were tested using a microtensile tester. The properties of the sub-scale specimens processed in the combinatorial approach correlated well with those of sub-scale specimens of similar composition processed in steady-state, thereby indicating that the properties were unaffected by the transient operation of the TSE. Furthermore, the quasi-static mechanical properties of the steady-state ASTM type I standard specimens were compared with those of the sub-scale specimens to determine the effect of specimen size. The results were nearly identical, except the increased size of the ASTM type I standard specimens resulted in substantial reductions in ductility that are most likely due to an increase in the number of processing-related defects.
Beneficial effect of zerumbone on cholecystokinin-octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis in rats (2006)

Aim: Our experiment was designed to investigate the effect of zerumbone pre-treatment on cholecystokinin-octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.
Simultaneous in situ detection of two mRNAs in the same cell using riboprobes labeled with biotin and 35S. (1990)

We used 35S-labeled and biotinylated cRNAs (riboprobes) to detect simultaneously two different mRNAs by in situ hybridization. In a first step we established the conditions under which each type of probe achieved the same high level of sensitivity. We then used these conditions to hybridize BHK cells infected with Theiler's virus, a murine picornavirus, with a mixture of a virus-specific biotinylated riboprobe and a 35S-labeled riboprobe specific for beta-actin mRNA. Both mRNAs could be detected in the same cell, although the sensitivity achieved by the radiolabeled probe was reduced by about 40% by the simultaneous hybridization with the biotinylated probe.
DMD transcripts in CRL-2061 rhabdomyosarcoma cells show high levels of intron retention by intron-specific PCR amplification (2017)

Intron-specific PCR amplification showed that <i>DMD</i> transcripts contained high levels of introns 40, 58 and 70. Retention of these introns may have been responsible for the lack of dystrophin expression by CRL-2061 cells, thereby abolishing the tumor suppressor activity of dystrophin.
Nach der Freistellung (2015)

Betriebsratsmitglieder, die freigestellt waren und in eine ‚normale’ Beschäftigung zurückkehren möchten, stehen regelmäßig vor der Frage, wie es mit ihrer beruflichen Karriere denn nun weitergeht. Dabei muss die Freistellung keineswegs zu einem ‚Karriereknick’ führen – im Gegenteil: In der Betriebsratsarbeit entstehen auch neue Chancen und werden Grundlagen für andere berufliche Orientierungen gelegt.
Cloning and functional characterization of a novel human CC chemokine that binds to the CCR3 receptor and activates human eosinophils (1997)

Eotaxin has been found to bind exclusively to a single chemokine receptor, CCR3. Using expression sequence tag screening of an activated monocyte library, a second chemokine has been identified; it was expressed and purified from a Drosophila cell culture system and appears to only activate CCR3. Eotaxin-2, MPIF-2, or CKbeta-6, is a human CC chemokine with low amino acid sequence identity to other chemokines. Eotaxin-2 promotes chemotaxis and Ca2+ mobilization in human eosinophils but not in neutrophils or monocytes. Cross-desensitization calcium mobilization experiments using purified eosinophils indicate that eotaxin and MCP-4, but not RANTES, MIP-1alpha, or MCP-3, can completely cross-desensitize the calcium response to eotaxin-2 on these cells, indicating that eotaxin-2 shares the same receptor used by eotaxin and MCP-4. Eotaxin-2 was the most potent eosinophil chemoattractant of all the chemokines tested. Eotaxin-2 also displaced 125I-eotaxin bound to the cloned CCR3 stably expressed in CHO cells (CHO-CCR3) and to freshly isolated human eosinophils with affinities similar to eotaxin and MCP-4. 125I-Eotaxin-2 binds with high affinity to eosinophils and both eotaxin and cold eotaxin-2 displace the ligand with equal affinity. Eotaxin and eotaxin-2 promote a Ca2+ transient in RBL-2H3 cells stably transfected with CCR3 (RBL-2H3-CCR3) and both ligands cross-desensitized the response of the other but not the response to LTD4. The data indicate that eotaxin-2 is a potent eosinophil chemotactic chemokine exerting its activity solely through the CCR3 receptor.
Ablation of calcified biological tissue using pulsed hydrogen fluoride laser radiation (1990)

Calcified tissue (primarily beef shank bone) was ablated in air with an HF laser beam focused on a spot diameter of 150 mu m and at several wavelengths in the 2.7-3.0- mu m range. Pulse irradiances ranged from 0.2 to 1.0 MW/mm/sup 2/, pulse durations from 350 to 1000 ns, and the pulse repetition rate was 0.5 Hz. Under histologic examination, tissue craters appeared cleanly cut with smooth walls and minimal charring. Fluence thresholds for tissue removal were approximately 10 mJ/mm/sup 2/, independent of the ablation wavelength. Ablation was observed to occur both with and without the presence of a plasma. The amount of energy required to ablate tissue ranged from 2 to 3 J/mm/sup 3/, similar to the value observed in noncalcified tissue. Debris ejected from the crater during ablation contained particles of an average diameter of approximately 500 nm, expelled from the crater at approximately 200 m/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Serious Adverse Events Significantly Reduce Patient-Reported Outcomes at 2-Year Follow-up (2017)

2.
MED: A Multimedia Event Database for 3D Crime Scene Representation and Analysis (2008)

The development of sensors capable of obtaining 3D scans of crime scenes is revolutionizing the ways in which crime scenes can be analyzed and at the same time is driving the need for the development of sophisticated tools to represent and store this data. Here we describe the design of a multimedia database suitable for representing and reasoning about crime scene data. The representation is grounded in the physical environment that makes up the crime scene and provides mechanisms for representing both traditional (forms-based) data as well as 3D scan and other complex spatial data.
Tuning Ion Transport at the Anode‐Electrolyte Interface via a Sulfonate‐Rich Ion‐Exchange Layer for Durable Zinc‐Iodine Batteries (Adv. Energy Mater. 13/2023) (2023)

Zinc-Iodine Batteries Polyiodide shuttling and dendritic growth are the major constraints for developing zinc-iodine cells. In article number 2203790, Jiajia Huang, Feili Lai, and co-workers revelation the corrosion mechanism of polyiodide on zinc, and develop a sulfonate-rich ion-exchange fiber layer to prevent polyiodide permeation. This layer also facilitates desolvation of Zn(H2O)62+ and restricts the undesirable 2D diffusion of Zn2+, thereby resulting in an advanced zinc-iodine battery.
Novel Adaptive Virtual Channels technique for NoC switch (2011)

Adaptive Virtual Channel (AVC) is proposed as an efficient novel technique to reduce power dissipation of NoC switch. The proposed NoC switch employs power supply gating to reduce the power dissipation without degrading network performance. Hierarchical multiplexing tree is used to achieve efficient AVC. AVC uses hierarchical multiplexing tree and power gating mechanism to reduce both dynamic and leakage power dissipation of the switch. AVC technique is proposed to reduce the active area using hierarchical multiplexing tree. The dynamic power reduces by 60%. Using the leakage power reduction technique, the average leakage power consumption of Adaptive Virtual Channels is reduced by up to 97%.
Strong field hole transport in 6H-SiC (2009)

In materials with a small degree of ionicity ranging 10%–15%, such as in SiC, carrier scattering on polar optical potential is plausible. J-F characteristics of hot hole transport in 6H-SiC with Na−Nd∼5×1017 cm−3 are studied at electrical fields of 1–150 kV/cm and temperatures from 300 to 600 K. In this work possible mechanisms contributing to the J-F characteristics are considered: scattering on ionized impurities, impurity breakdown due to Al acceptors, hole transport in the light valence subband formed due to splitting by crystal field, and dielectric breakdown related to polar optical scattering.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐BENZYL‐α‐AMINOPHOSPHONIC ACIDS (1978)

Abstract Nach neueren Untersuchungen erhält man aus Benzylamin (I), Oxoverbindungen (II) und phosphoriger Säure (III) anstelle der Mannichkondensate (IV) lediglich entsprechende Ammoniumsalze.