gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted Inhibition of c-KIT Activation Sensitizes Adrenocortical Tumor Cells to Apoptosis (2012)

Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease (PPNAD), a type of micro nodular adrenal hyperplasia (MAH) that occurs mostly in the context of Carney Complex or rarely in an isolated form is caused by germline inactivating mutations in PRKAR1A, the main regulatory subunit of cAMP dependent Protein Kinase (PKA). In addition, defects in phosphodiesterase genes 11A (PDE11A), 8B (PDE8B) and abnormalities of cAMP signaling are known to occur in a small fraction of MAH and massive macronodular adrenocortical disease (MMAD) respectively, suggesting that dysregulation of PKA is a key player in the genesis of these lesions. The only current treatment option is adrenalectomy resulting in adrenal insufficiency. In search of therapeutic targets to develop alternative strategies to treat this disease, we identified for the first time tumor specific over expression and constitutive activation of c-KIT in PPNAD compared to cortisol-producing adenomas (CPA), MMAD and aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA). Next, we investigated the mutational status of the signature exons in KIT gene and found no mutations. Real-time PCR analysis confirmed up regulation of KIT mRNA. Interestingly, KIT over-expression was recapitulated in adrenals from Prkar1a knockout mice reminiscent of that seen in human patients suggesting PKA specific dysregulation of KIT expression. To better characterize these changes at the biochemical level we used an adrenocortical cell line (CAR 47.01) derived from a patient with mutant PRKAR1A and compared it to the H295R adrenocortical cancer line. Consistent with the alterations seen in tumors, CAR47.01 cells exhibited enhanced expression and activation of c-KIT which was further enhanced by the treatment with forskolin, a PKA activator. This up regulation was markedly rescued by reintroduction of PRKAR1A suggesting that PKA functions upstream of c-KIT and the alterations in c-Kit are secondary to changes in PKA. Knockdown of PKAC using siRNA specific to PKAC significantly reduced c-KIT protein levels. Furthermore, in vitro kinase assay demonstrated c-KIT to be a direct phosphorylation target of PKA. The biological and functional consequences of this phosphorylation are currently being explored in vivo. To explore whether over expressed c-KIT is a therapeutic target, the cells were treated with imatinib mesylate, a pharmacological KIT inhibitor resulted in reduced cell viability and induced growth arrest and apoptosis in a time and dose-dependent manner. In the CAR47.01 cells, imatinib treatment induced down regulation of phospho-c-KIT and phospho-Akt, an immediate downstream phosphorylation target of KIT without altering total c-KIT and Akt levels. Interestingly imatinib treatment at 100mg/kg for 7days in a mouse xenograft model induced tumor stasis. Taken together, our data provide novel insights on PKA specific regulation of KIT and indicate KIT as a promising potential target for therapeutic intervention in adrenocortical neoplasms.
A high efficiency current mode step-up/step-down DC-DC converter with smooth transition (2011)

This paper presents a current mode step-up/step-down DC-DC converter with small output voltage ripple, high efficiency, and fast transient response. When the input voltage is much higher or lower than the output voltage, the converter operates in peak current pure buck mode or valley current pure boost mode to reduce the switching loss. Double lossless current sense circuits are adopted to improve the current sensing speed. Two transition modes are introduced between buck mode and boost mode to alleviate output voltage ripple. Moreover, the average inductor current is also minimized to reduce the conduction loss in two transition modes. The converter has been designed with a 0.5μm CMOS process. The recovery time is less than 200μs with a switching frequency of 400 kHz when the load current switches between 300mA and 600mA. A peak efficiency of 94% is achieved, and the maximum output voltage ripple is less than 25mV.
Breakdown of thermionic emission theory for quantum wells (1994)

Carriers escape from quantum wells into barriers via carrier-polar optical phonon absorption is theoretically studied in multisubband quantum well structures. We find that carriers in each subband have their own minimum escape time when the energy difference between the band edges of the subband and the barrier matches the energy of a longitudinal optical phonon. Compared to the calculations from classical thermionic emission theory, we find that the thermionic emission theory is no longer valid when the width or the depth of quantum wells is small.
ChemInform Abstract: Anti‐Candida Activity of Synthetic Hydroxychalcones. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Model Test Investigation of the Influence of Damping on the Vortex Induced Motions of Deep Draft Semi-Submersibles Using a Novel Active Damping Device (2016)

Vortex Induced Motions (VIM) of semi-submersibles occur when the vortex shedding frequency is close to the natural frequency of the semi-submersible in the direction transverse to the current. Recent studies suggest that the magnitude of VIM predicted during model tests is higher than that observed in the field. Among others, the damping effect provided by the risers and mooring lines is regarded as one of the reasons for this difference. In this paper the setup and results are presented for model tests to investigate the influence of damping on VIM. For these model tests an active damping system was developed, which introduces an actively controlled external force mimicking a damping force. This applied damping force is based on the floater sway motion and sway velocity. With this system the introduced damping level can easily be controlled and verified without changing the stiffness of the system. In this paper the advantages and disadvantages of this active damping system are presented. The VIM tests were conducted for two semi-submersibles: a paired-column semi with eight columns and a four column semi. Reduced velocities ranged from Ur=3 to Ur=10 and different levels of additional linear damping were applied to the floaters in the direction transverse to the current direction. Damping was found to reduce the VIM motions significantly: reductions of more than 60% were observed in the nominal A/D response for 25% equivalent linear damping. This indicates that damping has a significant effect on the global VIM response and thus should be considered in the design phase of the risers and mooring lines of the semi-submersibles. To improve the understanding of the driving mechanism of VIM and also to provide validation data for CFD analyses, forces were measured on each column of the four column semi. Column force measurements indicate that for the four column semi for 45 degrees heading, i.e. the heading with largest VIM responses, the upstream, the portside and the starboard side columns are exciting the VIM motions. For 22.5 degrees, the downstream, the portside and the starboard side columns excite the VIM motions. For all tested headings the pontoon always damps the VIM response.
Further Observations on the Activation and Inhibition of Lipoprotein Lipase by Apolipoproteins (1973)

ApoC-II was the only apolipoprotein from human very low density lipoprotein that activated rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. Activation was blocked by antiserum against apoC-II. Addition of increasing amounts of activator did not alter the apparent K m of lipoprotein lipase (0.32 mM triolein), but it did produce a progressive increase in the apparent V max from 0.8 to 2.2 µmoles free fatty acid/mg hour -1 . Substrate concentrations above 1.27 mM triolein diminished activation by 0.25-5.0 µg/ml of apoC-II as much as 20%. Reversal of this apparent substrate inhibition was achieved by increasing the activator concentration to 50.0 µg/ml. Each of five nonactivating apolipoproteins-apoC-I, C-III-1, C-III-2, A-I, and A-II-inhibited lipoprotein lipase up to 85-100%. ApoC-II also produced less inhibition under appropriate conditions. Inhibition was dependent on apoprotein concentration, inversely related to substrate triglyceride concentration, and unobserved with nonlipoprotein proteins. The inhibitory capacity of the nonactivating apolipoproteins was about the same, was independent of apoC-II concentration, and occurred when the ratio of nonactivator apoprotein to triglyceride exceeded 3% (w/w). It is possible that these apoproteins function partly to modulate the hydrolysis of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase.
Recent advances in PD-MEMLIN for speech recognition in car conditions (2005)

In a previous work, phoneme-dependent multi-environment models based linear normalization, PD-MEMLIN, was presented and it was proved to be effective to compensate environment mismatch. Since PD-MEMLIN transformations have to be estimated from stereo data corpora, and the computational cost is high, two approaches are proposed: coefficient progressive PD-MEMLIN, CPPD-MEMLIN, and blind PD-MEMLIN. The first one consists on a partial normalization of the feature vector, reducing the computational cost, while blind PD-MEMLIN can be applied over any non stereo data corpora, thus the estimation of the transformation is based on an iterative technique from noisy data and a target clean speech model. Some experiments with SpeechDat car database were carried out in order to study the behavior of the proposed techniques in a real acoustic environment. In the previous work, PD-MEMLIN with stereo data and normalizing 13 MFCC coefficients reached 77.67% of improvement. In this paper, CPPD-MEMLEM with only 4 coefficients obtains an average improvement of 72.40%, and blind PD-MEMLIN obtains an average improvement of 73.96%
RNA sequencing reveals a transcriptomic portrait of human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and palatine tonsils (2017)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent cells that have plasticity and inhabit the stroma of diverse tissues. The potential utility of MSCs has been heavily investigated in the fields of regenerative medicine and cell therapy. However, MSCs represent diverse populations that may depend on the tissue of origin. Thus, the ability to identify specific MSC populations has remained difficult. Using RNA sequencing, we analyzed the whole transcriptomes of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMs), adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AMs), and tonsil-derived MSCs (TMs). We categorized highly regulated genes from these MSC groups according to functional gene ontology (GO) classification. AMs and TMs showed higher expression of genes encoding proteins that function in protein binding, growth factor, or cytokine activity in extracellular compartments than BMs. Interestingly, TM were highly enriched for genes coding extracellular, protein-binding proteins compared with AMs. Functional Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis also showed differentially enriched signaling pathways between the three MSC groups. Further, we confirmed surface antigens expressed in common and in a tissue-specific manner on BMs, AMs, and TMs by flow cytometry analysis. This study provides comprehensive characteristics of MSCs derived from different tissues to better understand their cellular and molecular biology.
Aspergillus arcoverdensis, a new species of Aspergillus section Fumigati isolated from caatinga soil in State of Pernambuco, Brazil (2014)

Aspergillus arcoverdensis, a new species isolated from semi-desert soil in a caatinga area, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, and a similar environment in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by relatively long conidiophores for Aspergillus section Fumigati, and subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal and smooth conidia. The delimitation of this new species is supported further by phylogenetic analyses of the β-tubulin, calmodulin and actin gene sequences.
Cytoskeletal Changes During Oogenesis And Early Development Of Xenopus Laevis (1986)

The frog oocyte is well known for studies on the control of gene expression, but has been used much less in studies on the cytoskeleton. However, frog oocytes are very large single cells, whose cytoplasmic movements and asymmetries are fundamental to the correct development of the subsequent embryo. One particular example of asymmetrically distributed cytoplasm is germ plasm, thought to be important in the formation of the germ line. Data are presented that show that germ plasm is highly concentrated mass of cytoskeletal elements, which include tubulin, and an intermediate filament protein of molecular weight 55 X 10(3). The distribution of these molecules has been studied during oogenesis and during early post-fertilization development. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Seasonal Trends of Soiling on Photovoltaic Systems (2017)

This work investigates the seasonal variability of photovoltaic soiling losses over a 12-month period for 15 soiling stations deployed in the USA. We present a new parameter able to rank the sites according to the cumulative losses occurring over 3-and 6- month periods. The relations between soiling losses and particulate matter are briefly discussed, as well. Moving from long-term to shorter-term data increases the complexity of the analysis: monthly correlations are found to have lower accuracy than the longer-term ones presented in the literature.
Speech recognition with a cochlear implant using triphasic charge-balanced pulses (2004)

The new triphasic strategies are most promising, with respect to both their improved speech perception and reduced power requirements. The optimal parameters will have to be identified following long-term use.
Bacterial cellulose-collagen nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering (2012)

A nanocomposite based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and type I collagen (COL) was evaluated for in vitro bone regeneration. BC membranes were modified by glycine esterification followed by cross-linking of type I collagen employing 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide. Collagen incorporation was studied by spectroscopy analysis. X-Ray diffraction showed changes in the BC crystallinity after collagen incorporation. The elastic modulus and tensile strength for BC-COL decreased, while the strain at failure showed a slight increase, even after sterilization, as compared to pristine BC. Swelling tests and contact angle measurements were also performed. Cell culture experiments performed with osteogenic cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion of newborn rat calvarium revealed similar features of cell morphology for cultures grown on both membranes. Cell viability/proliferation was not different between BC and BC-COL membranes at day 10 and 14. The high total protein content and ALP activity at day 17 in cells cultured on BC-COL indicate that this composite allowed the development of the osteoblastic phenotype in vitro. Thus, BC-COL should be considered as alternative biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
Supplementary Figures S4 & S5 from <i>MET</i> Overexpression Turns Human Primary Osteoblasts into Osteosarcomas (2023)

Supplementary Figures S4 &amp; S5 from &lt;i&gt;MET&lt;/i&gt; Overexpression Turns Human Primary Osteoblasts into Osteosarcomas
Step‐fortifications of nutrients in mammalian cell culture (1993)

A series of high-density media for mammalian cell culture were developed by step-fortifications of most nutrient components in RPMI-1640 medium. Each medium constituting the series was constructed to meet in vitro cell growth limitations. Four different cell lines were cultivated in the media series, and their growth characteristics were observed. Maximum cell densities varied in the range of 0.4 to 1.3 x 10(7) cells/mL, depending on cell lines. Cell growth responses to each of the media series were analyzed in terms of cell density and cell mass. Step increases of cell mass in the range of 1.3 to 3.7 g/L were observed according to the step-fortifications of nutrients. Also, the characteristics of each cell line were compared in terms of metabolic yields and specific productions of lactic acid and ammonium ion. The effect of step-fortifications of nutrients on the production of monoclonal antibody was also examined. Apparent differences in metabolic characteristics among cell lines were observed. Experimental results suggested that the different cell sizes and metabolic characteristics of each cell line resulted in cell-line-specific responses to the step-fortifications. The significant influence of nutritional fortifications on high-density culture of mammalian cells was evaluated.
2D and 3D reconstructions using pseudo-rays (1992)

Among the great number of existing tomographical methods, it is necessary to make a choice adapted to each type of application. A trade-off must always be considered between the type and the number of data, the accuracy required and the cost. For our applications, at the scale of measurement relevant to civil engineering, we wish to deal with a great number of data, which may be very noisy and we must be able to apply our methods to the large amount of possible geometrical configuration including 3D measurements.
Sources of Errors, Prevention, Detection, and Correction (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Sources of Errors and Prevention Error Detection Error Correction Conclusion Glossary Cross References References
Point cloud map creation based on laser and IMU information fusion (2021)

It is very necessary for driverless vehicles to understand the surrounding environment information in real time. However, the data observed by a single sensor always has the uncertain noise, which leads to map drift and undesirable mapping effect. Multi-sensor fusion technology can effectively make up for the above shortcomings and improve the mapping effect. The paper proposes an algorithm based on the fusion of inertial navigation sensor and laser odometry, in the data preprocessing stage, the IMU data information is used to perform linear interpolation calculations on the position of each frame of laser point cloud. The calculated position data information is used to remove motion distortion for each frame of laser point cloud and improve the matching accuracy. In the process of mapping, the error state Kalman filter algorithm was employed to fuse the position of the laser odometry and the IMU, and the improved algorithm reduces the average error of the global trajectory by 3.60005 m. By intermittently initializing the IMU odometry, the cumulative error of the IMU is reduced, the IMU odometry was re-initialized by applying the current position information output of the laser odometry as the initial position information. The paper conducts effective experiments on the KITTI urban road data- set. The results prove that the map creation method based on the fusion of laser odometry and IMU can effectively reduce map drift, improve map resolution, and its output of the driving trajectory information is more accurate.
Sym001, the First Recombinant Polyclonal Rhesus-D Specific Antibody Product, Was Safe and Well-Tolerated in a Placebo-Controlled Randomized Phase I Trial. (2008)

Abstract Sym001 is the first compound in a new class of biopharmaceuticals in clinical development for the treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP), and the prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn by anti-D prophylaxis (ADP). Sym001 is a recombinant polyclonal antibody product consisting of 25 different anti-Rhesus D specific (RhD) antibodies. The primary objective of this clinical study was to assess the safety of Sym001 following a single intravenous (iv) dose in RhD+ and RhD− healthy male volunteers. Secondary objectives were to assess the potential immunogenicity and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of Sym001. Fifty-nine RhD+ subjects and 18 RhD− subjects were randomized to receive up to 12.5 μg/kg or 75 μg/kg, respectively, in seven dose cohorts as shown below: Number of Subjects Cohort Dose (μg/kg) RhD+ Sym001 RhD+ Placebo RhD− Sym001 RhD− Placebo 1 0.25 5 2 0 0 2 1.0 5 2 0 0 3 4.0 7 2 7 2 4 12.5 7 2 7 2 5 25 7 2 0 0 6 50 7 2 0 0 7 75 7 2 0 0 Treatment with Sym001 was well tolerated and there were no serious adverse events (SAEs), no AEs of severe intensity and no AEs that resulted in discontinuation of the study in either the RhD+ or RhD− population. The frequencies of treatment-emergent AEs (TEAE), i.e. AEs occurring after drug administration, were similar among Sym001 and placebo treated subjects and there was no dose-dependent pattern of TEAEs. No significant decrease in mean hemoglobin level compared to baseline was observed at any dose level during the study, and no decrease in hemoglobin &amp;gt; 2 g/dL in any subject was seen. No other laboratory findings were suggestive of clinically significant hemolysis. In addition, no clinically significant changes in vital signs or electrocardiograms (ECGs) were observed, and there were no significant changes in clinical chemistry variables that did translate into SAEs or were assessed as being related to study medication. No immunogenicity to Sym001 was detected and analysis of PK is in progress. In conclusion, Sym001 was found to be safe and well-tolerated in healthy volunteers in doses up to 75 μg/ kg. Sym001 is now being evaluated in a red blood cell (RBC) challenge trial for the ADP indication and in a Phase II trial for treatment of patients with ITP.
Characterization of fecal sludge as biomass feedstock for thermal treatment in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu (2020)

<ns5:p> <ns5:bold>Background</ns5:bold> : Transformative sanitation technologies aim to treat fecal sludge (FS) by thermal processes and recover resources from it. There is a paucity of data describing the relevant properties of FS as viable feedstock for thermal treatment in major geographical target areas, such as India. </ns5:p> <ns5:p> <ns5:bold>Methods</ns5:bold> : This study characterized FS collected from septic tanks in two cities located in the Indian southern state of Tamil Nadu. FS samples were obtained at the point of discharge from trucks in Tiruppur (n=85 samples) and Coimbatore (n=50 samples). Additionally, biosolids obtained from sewage treatment plants (STP) in the cities of Coimbatore and Madurai were characterized. Total solids (TS) were measured, and proximate and ultimate analysis were conducted according to methods used by the fuel industry. Additionally, the ash content was analyzed for heavy metal using standard methods. <ns5:bold>Results:</ns5:bold> The average higher heating value (HHV) across all FS samples in Tiruppur (13.4 MJ/kg) was significantly higher than in Coimbatore (5.4 MJ/kg), which was partially attributed to the high ash content of 69% in the latter samples. The HHV of the biosolids samples ranged from 10 to 12.2 MJ/Kg. The average total solids (TS) content for FS was 3.3% and 2.0% for Tiruppur and Coimbatore respectively, while the median TS content for the two cities was 2.3% and 1.2%. The heavy metal content of the ash was found to be below the thresholds for land disposal. </ns5:p> <ns5:p> <ns5:bold>Conclusions:</ns5:bold> This is one of the first studies that has systematically characterized the calorific and mineral content of septage and biosolids in several cities in India. We expect these data to serve as input data in the design of thermal processes for fecal sludge treatment. </ns5:p>