gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A power-efficient resource allocation scheme for multiuser OFDM (2003)

We present a new power-efficient resource allocation scheme for downlink multiple access communications based on OFDM for indoor wireless systems. A theoretical bound on the minimum total transmit power at the base station while satisfying the bit-rate (BR) and bit-error rate (BER) criterion of the various portable users in the system is derived. As this cannot be realized in a simple manner, we present a new method for allocating subcarriers, modulation mode, and power to the signals transmitted to the different users. We present simulation results comparing the performance of our algorithm with an OFDM-TDMA system. The effect of frequency-domain correlation on the performance is also presented. We have considered an indoor wireless system with a quasi-static fading channel for our simulations. The new algorithm achieves a gain of about 3 dB over the OFDM-TDMA scheme.
Bone morphogenetic proteins: background and implications for oral reconstruction (1997)

For over 30 years now, research has been carried out to isolate and purify bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), a substance which has been shown to induce heterotopic bone formation in various animal species. Recent advances in the fields of developmental biology, molecular biology, genetics and wound healing, have shown that the BMPs are not only responsible for postfetal bone induction (including normal bone remodeling, healing and repair), but are also critical during embryogenesis, not only in regards to the skeletal system, but quite possibly in the morphogenesis and pattern formation of other tissues and organs as well. Therefore, BMPs have the potential as a therapeutic utility in orthopedic and dento-alveolar reconstruction.
Selected Enzyme Histochemical Techniques Facilitated by the Microwave Oven (1986)

Enzyme procedures may require 60 minutes or more reaction time at room temperature. The microwave oven was used to produce a substrate solution internal temperature of 38°C, which allowed the demonstration of enzyme activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha naphthyl acetate esterase, naphthol AS-D chloracetate esterase, and acetyl cholinesterase within a greatly reduced period. The procedures can be done on frozen sections and cold processed glycol methacrylate embedded tissues.
An Optical Bit-Counting Algorithm (2000)

This paper addresses the omnipresent problem of counting bits - an operation discussed since the very early stages of the establishing of computer science. The need for a quick bit-counting method acquires a special significance with the proliferation of search engines on the Internet. It arises in several other computer applications. This is especially true in information retrieval in which an array of binary vectors is used to represent a characteristic function (CF) of a set of qualified documents. The number of "I"s in the CF equals the cardinality of the set. The process of repeated evaluations of this cardinality is a pivotal point in choosing a rational strategy for deciding whether to constrain or broaden the search criteria to ensure selection of the desired items. Another need for bit-counting occurs when trying to determine the differences between given files, (images or text), in terms of the Hamming distance. An Exclusive OR operation applied to a pair of files results in a binary vector array of mismatches that must be counted.
26-Hydroxyecdysone: New Insect Molting Hormone from the Egg of the Tobacco Hornworm (1973)

Five kilograms of tobacco hornworm eggs (48 to 64 hours old) afforded 26.5 milligrams of a new crystalline insect molting hormone identified as 26-hydroxyecdysone. The three known insect ecdysones-alpha-ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and 20,26-dihydroxyecdysone-were also present but in much smaller quantities. The new hormone is the predominant molting hormone in the hornworm during this stage of embryonic development. These results takent in context with the current knowledge of the chemistry and biochemistry of the molting hormones during postembryonic development in the hornworm indicate quantitative and qualitative differences in the biosynthetic-mnetabolic pathways as well as in the ecdysones in different developmental stages of this insect.
Calorie reformulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of manipulating food energy density on daily energy intake and body weight (2021)

Abstract Background Dietary energy density is thought to be a contributor to obesity, but the extent to which different magnitudes and types of reductions to food energy density decreases daily energy intake is unclear. Objective To systematically review and meta-analyse experimental studies that have examined the effect that manipulating energy density of food has on total daily energy intake. Design A systematic review and multi-level meta-analysis of studies on human participants that used an experimental design to manipulate the energy density of foods served and measured energy intake for a minimum of one day. Results Thirty-one eligible studies contributed 90 effects comparing the effect of higher vs. lower energy density of served food on daily energy intake to the primary meta-analysis. Lower energy density of food was associated with a large decrease in daily energy intake (SMD = -1.002 [95% CI: -0.745 to -1.266]). Findings were consistent across studies that did vs. did not manipulate macronutrient content to vary energy density. The relation between decreasing energy density and daily energy intake tended to be strong and linear, whereby compensation for decreases to energy density of foods (i.e. by eating more at other meals) was minimal. Meta-analysis of (n=5) studies indicated that serving lower energy dense food tended to be associated with greater weight loss than serving higher energy dense food, but this difference was not significant (−0.7kg, 95% CIs: -1.34, 0.04). Conclusions Decreasing the energy density of food can substantially reduce daily energy intake and may therefore be an effective public health approach to reducing population level energy intake.
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Stimulates Fibronectin Matrix Assembly Through a Rho-Dependent Signal Pathway (1999)

Fibronectin matrix assembly is a cell-dependent process mediated by cell surface binding sites for the 70-kD N-terminal portion of fibronectin. We have shown that Rho-dependent cytoskeleton reorganization induced by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) or the microtubule-disrupting agent nocodazole increases fibronectin binding (Zhang et al, Mol Biol Cell 8:1415, 1997). Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid implicated in mitogenesis and cytoskeletal remodelling. Both LPA and S1P are present in increased amounts in serum as compared with plasma as a result of platelet activation. Addition of S1P to human osteosarcoma MG63 cells or human foreskin fibroblasts increased cell-mediated binding and assembly of fibronectin. MG63 cells expressed the Edg-2 and Edg-4 G-protein-coupled receptors for bioactive lipids, whereas foreskin fibroblasts expressed Edg-2, Edg-3, and Edg-4. The stimulatory effect of S1P on the binding of fibronectin or the N-terminal 70-kD fragment of fibronectin was dynamic and due to increases in both the number and affinity of binding sites. The stimulation of 70-kD fragment binding by nanomolar S1P, like stimulation of binding by LPA or nocodazole, was blocked by inactivation of Rho with C3 exotoxin but not by pertussis toxin-mediated inactivation of Gi. These results indicate a common signal pathway leading to control of cellular fibronectin matrix assembly by bioactive lipids generated during blood coagulation.
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF N-n-ALKYLLACTAMIDES2 (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF N-n-ALKYLLACTAMIDES2WILLIAM P. RATCHFORDCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1950, 15, 2, 326–332Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01148a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views236Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (397 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Self-Powered UV Photosensor Based on PEDOT:PSS/ZnO Micro/Nanowire with Strain-Modulated Photoresponse (2013)

Developing tailored micro/nanostructure interfaces is an effective way to make novel optoelectronic devices or enhance their performances. Here we report the fabrication of a PEDOT:PSS/ZnO micro/nanowire-based self-powered UV photosensor. The generation of photocurrent at zero bias is attributed to the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs within the built-in electric field at the PEDOT:PSS/ZnO interface upon UV light illumination. Furthermore, the piezotronic effect on the UV photoresponsivity under different strains is investigated, which is due to the modification of energy band diagram at the p-n heterojunction by strain-induced piezoelectric polarization. This study demonstrates a prospective approach to engineering the performance of a photodetector through straining and may offer theoretical supporting in future optoelectronic device fabrication and modification.
Synthesis of Sugar-Aza-Crown Ethers (2006)

A simple and efficient preparation of sugar-aza-crown (SAC) ethers is described. The key step is a domino Staudinger aza-Wittig reaction for cyclodimerization of C-glycosyl azide aldehydes 1. Treatment of 1 with polymer-bound diphenylphosphine in THF gave the cyclic imines 2 in good yields. Reduction of imines 2 led to the desired sugar-aza-crown (SAC) ethers 3 in 65-74% yield.
Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Compliance Issues in Korean and American Fisheries (2008)

This study presents a comparative analysis of enforcement and regulatory compliance issues in Korean and American fisheries. The comparison involves characterizing factors which affect regulatory compliance. The study also suggests policy directions and strategies by characteristics of factors suitable to Korean fisheries circumstances in order to induce voluntary compliance from fishers and to make compliance friendly environment for the fishers. In detail, this study has 3 steps as follows. First, this study characterizes factors influencing compliance and non - compliance caused by various reasons and categorizes these factors by considering theories for fisheries regulatory compliance. Major categories of compliance factors consist of fisheries resources, users(fishers), and the government. Each category is composed of several factors and sub - factors by characteristics. Second, this study seeks to diagnose problems and limitations from the regulatory compliance in Korean and US' fisheries by analyzing the current status of the compliance in both countries. The comparative analysis between two countries highlights the problems and limitations of each country's regulatory compliance and leads to implications for Korean fisheries. Third, this study suggests policy directions and strategies suitable to Korean regulatory compliance environment through detailed understanding of U.S.' fisheries regulatory compliance. The suggested strategies are based on the concept of voluntary compliance and compliance - friendly environment, not command and control regulations. Furthermore, this study provides policy suggestions for Korean fisheries regulatory enforcement and compliance issues.
An Intuitive Approach to Inertial Sensor Bias Estimation (2013)

A simple approach to gyro and accelerometer bias estimation is proposed. It does not involve Kalman filtering or similar formal techniques. Instead, it is based on physical intuition and exploits a duality between gimbaled and strapdown inertial systems. The estimation problem is decoupled into two separate stages. At the first stage, inertial system attitude errors are corrected by means of a feedback from an external aid. In the presence of uncompensated biases, the steady-state feedback rebalances those biases and can be used to estimate them. At the second stage, the desired bias estimates are expressed in a closed form in terms of the feedback signal. The estimator has only three tunable parameters and is easy to implement and use. The tests proved the feasibility of the proposed approach for the estimation of low-cost MEMS inertial sensor biases on a moving land vehicle.
Identification of Natural Monomeric Response Elements of the Nuclear Receptor RZR/ROR (1996)

The receptor RZR/ROR is an important member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and has recently been shown to be the nuclear receptor for the pineal gland hormone melatonin. RZR/ROR binds as a monomer to DNA, and the human 5-lipoxygenase gene has been identified as the first RZR/ROR/melatonin-responding gene. Another prominent nuclear receptor is COUP-TF, which binds as a dimer to DNA. In this study, the sequences of known promoter regions of genes that may be involved in the physiological action of melatonin have been screened for putative monomeric RZR/ROR response elements. The binding of RZR/ROR and COUP-TF was compared and quantified on a set of 12 putative response elements. Interestingly, COUP-TF homodimers were found to bind with high affinity to some of the monomeric RZR/ROR response elements. Four RZR/ ROR response elements, found in the genes of the mouse bifunctional enzyme, the rat bone sialoprotein, mouse Purkinje cell protein 2, and human p21 WAF1/CIP1 , were shown to be inducible by melatonin under conditions of low constitutive activity. Surprisingly, the constitutive activity of COUP-TF was also stimulated by an unknown serum compound. The novel Purkinje cell protein 2 and p21 WAF1/CIP1 RZR/ROR/melatonin-responding genes may
Surface modification of polymer surfaces: atmospheric plasma versus vacuum plasma treatments (2001)

An atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma (APNEP) has been developed in the UK by EA Technology Ltd and is currently being investigated in collaboration with the University of Surrey. The main focus is the use of atmospheric pressure plasmas to modify the surfaces of commercially important polymers including polyolefins, poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(methyl methacrylate). These surface modifications include surface cleaning and degreasing, oxidation, reduction, grafting, cross-linking (carbonization), etching and deposition. When trying to achieve targeted surface engineering, it is vital to gain an understanding of the mechanisms that cause these effects, for example, surface functionalization, adhesion promotion or multi-layer deposition. Hence comparisons between vacuum plasma treated surfaces have also been sought with a view to using the extensive vacuum plasma literature to gain further insight. In this paper, we will introduce the APNEP and compare the key characteristics of the plasma with those of traditional vacuum plasma systems before highlighting some of the surface modifications that can be achieved by using atmospheric plasma. Data from the analysis of treated polymers (by spectroscopy, microscopy and surface energy studies) and from direct measurements of the plasma and afterglow will be presented. Finally, our current understanding of the processes involved will be given, particularly those that are important in downstream surface treatments which take place remote from the plasma source.
Equiprobability, Entropy, Gamma Distributions and Other Geometrical Questions in Multi-Agent Systems (2009)

A set of many identical interacting agents obeying a global additive constraint is considered. Under the hypothesis of equiprobability in the high-dimensional volume delimited in phase space by the constraint, the statistical behavior of a generic agent over the ensemble is worked out. The asymptotic distribution of that statistical behavior is derived from geometrical arguments. This distribution is related with the Gamma distributions found in several multi-agent economy models. The parallelism with all these systems is established. Also, as a collateral result, a formula for the volume of high-dimensional symmetrical bodies is proposed.
The First Catalytic Asymmetric Aza-Henry Reaction of Nitronates with Imines:  A Novel Approach to Optically Active β-Nitro-α-Amino Acid- and α,β-Diamino Acid Derivatives (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe First Catalytic Asymmetric Aza-Henry Reaction of Nitronates with Imines: A Novel Approach to Optically Active β-Nitro-α-Amino Acid- and α,β-Diamino Acid DerivativesKristian Rahbek Knudsen, Tine Risgaard, Nagatoshi Nishiwaki, Kurt V. Gothelf, and Karl Anker JørgensenView Author Information Center for Metal Catalyzed Reactions Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 24, 5843–5844Publication Date (Web):May 23, 2001Publication History Received5 March 2001Published online23 May 2001Published inissue 1 June 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja010588phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja010588prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3886Altmetric-Citations218LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldol reactions,Catalysts,Copper,Organic compounds,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Screening for functional IRESes using α-complementation system of β-galactosidase in Pichia pastoris (2019)

We showed here that α-complementation also works in <i>P. pastoris</i> and it can be used in a variety of in vivo studies. The functional IRESes screened in this study can be used to introduce multiple genes into <i>P. pastoris</i> via a prokaryotic-like polycistronic manner, which provided new efficient tools for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology researches in <i>P. pastoris</i>.
Determination of subtype selectivity of alpha-adrenergic antagonists: comparison of selective and nonselective radioligands. (1981)

The alpha 1/ alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtype selectivity of twelve adrenergic antagonists was assessed by two different radioligand binding approaches in rabbit uterine membranes which contain both receptor subtypes. In the first approach, a nonsubtype selective antagonist radioligand, [3H]dihydroergocryptine ([3H]DHE), was used to label all of the alpha -receptors. Selective competing ligands produced complex competition curves which could be analyzed by nonlinear least-squares curve-fitting methods to yield the Kd values of the competitor for the alpha 1- and alpha 2-receptors, respectively. The second approach utilized the radioligand antagonists [3H]prazosin and [3H]yohimbine. [3H]Prazosin was found to label alpha 1-receptors, whereas [3H]yohimbine labeled alpha 2-receptors. Competition experiments performed with subtype selective antagonists with these radioligands produced steep uniphasic competition curves in all cases. Dissociation constants of drugs for the [3H]prazosin and [3H]yohimbine sites correlated highly with the alpha 1 and alpha 2 components of the complex [3H]DHE competition curves, respectively. Good quantitative agreement between the two sets of data was obtained, indicating the validity of both approaches for the determination of receptor subtype affinities. Nonetheless, use of subtype selective radioligands offered several advantages. When the nonsubtype selective radioligand [3H]DHE was used in this system, 100-fold selectivity of a competitor was required in order to determine reliably alpha 1 and alpha 2 affinities. In contrast, use of the selective radioligands discriminated much smaller degrees of selectivity without the necessity for sophisticated computer analysis of the data.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank Drs. Frank E. Harrel and Andre De Lean for their helpful suggestions and statistical advice.
Relationships between arteriosclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and myelin loss from cerebral cortical white matter in Alzheimer's disease (2003)

Pathological relationships between damage to the deep white matter of the cerebral cortex [as evidenced by myelin loss (ML)], cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and arteriosclerosis (ART) were investigated in the brains of 137 patients with autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD), in order to better understand the causes of white matter damage in AD, and the contribution of this to the pathogenesis of the disorder. All 137 patients had some degree of CAA in one or more brain regions although the occipital cortex was severely affected by CAA more frequently, and consequently mean CAA severity score was significantly greater, than other cortical regions. Eighty-seven patients (63.5%) were affected by ML, with more patients showing ML from occipital cortex than from other cortical regions leading to a significantly higher mean ML severity score in this region. One hundred and twenty-six patients (92%) were affected by ART, although the occipital cortex was not more frequently affected by ART than other cortical areas, the mean ART severity score in occipital cortex was nonetheless significantly greater than that of frontal and temporal cortex. Eighty-seven patients showed both CAA and ML, although there was only a weak correlation between degree of CAA and extent of ML (P = 0.035). Forty-seven patients showed ML and significant ART, 16 patients showed significant ART but no ML, 40 patients showed ML in the absence of significant ART and 34 patients showed neither significant ART nor ML. Overall, and for each of the four brain regions, the extent of ML correlated significantly (P < 0.001) with degree of ART. However, when only those 47 patients with ML and significant ART were considered, much stronger correlations between the extent of ML and the degree of ART were achieved both overall and within each of the four brain regions. The overall ART severity score (and overall scores for each pathological marker of ART) significantly correlated with that of CAA (P < 0.001). Pathological processes leading to white matter damage, in terms of ML at least, in AD are thus likely to be heterogeneous. Many patients suffer ML in association with ART, but in others ML cannot be explained by presence of ART or CAA. In such patients, autoregulatory changes in blood vessels might be responsible for ML. The association between the extent of CAA and ART suggests shared risk factors for each pathological change.