gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Present status of solid state photoelectrochemical solar cells and dye sensitized solar cells using PEO-based polymer electrolytes (2011)

Due to energy crises in the future, much effort is being directed towards alternate sources. Solar energy is accepted as a novel substitute for conventional sources of energy. Out of the long list of various types of solar cells available on the market, solid state photoelectrochemical solar cells (SSPECs) and dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are proposed as an alternative to costly crystalline solar cell. This review provides a common platform for SSPECs and DSSCs using polymer electrolyte, particularly on polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based polymer electrolytes. Due to numerous advantageous properties of PEO, it is frequently used as an electrolyte in both SSPECs as well as DSSCs. In DSSCs, so far high efficiency (more than 11%) has been obtained only by using volatile liquid electrolyte, which suffers many disadvantages, such as corrosion, leakage and evaporation. The PEO-based solid polymer proves its importance and could be used to solve the problems stated above. The recent developments in SSPECs and DSSCs using modified PEO electrolytes by adding nano size inorganic fillers, blending with low molecular weight polymers and ionic liquid (IL) are discussed in detail. The role of ionic liquid in modifying the electrical, structural and photoelectrochemical properties of PEO polymer electrolytes is also described.
A custom-designed receiver-stimulator chip for an advanced multiple-channel hearing prosthesis (1991)

A receiver-stimulator integrated circuit for an advanced multiple-channel cochlear implant was custom designed and fabricated successfully, using a 3- mu m CMOS process with two layers of metal. The chip contains nearly all of the implant electronics, including a data receiver, digital-to-analog converter, three stimulus current generators and timing controllers, 20 output stages, and an outward telemetry subsystem. The measured power consumption of the chip when quiescent, with supply voltage of the receiver stimulator (V/sub DD/) at 12 V and while receiving unmodulated RF carrier, was 6.8 mW. The implant's total power consumption when stimulating under worst-case conditions (three stimuli being generated at the maximum rate with maximum current levels and durations) was 45 mW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Continual Coevolution Through Complexification (2002)

In competitive coevolution, the goal is to establish an &amp;quot;arms race&amp;quot; that will lead to increasingly sophisticated strategies. However, in practice, the process often leads to idiosyncrasies rather than continual improvement. Applying the NEAT method for evolving neural networks to a competitive simulated robot duel domain, we will demonstrate that (1) as evolution progresses the networks become more complex, (2) complexification elaborates on existing strategies, and (3) if NEAT is allowed to complexify, it finds dramatically more sophisticated strategies than when it is limited to fixed-topology networks.
Regulation of sulfur assimilation in higher plants: A sulfate transporter induced in sulfate-starved roots plays a central role in Arabidopsis thaliana (1997)

Proton/sulfate cotransporters in the plasma membranes are responsible for uptake of the environmental sulfate used in the sulfate assimilation pathway in plants. Here we report the cloning and characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene, AST68, a new member of the sulfate transporter gene family in higher plants. Sequence analysis of cDNA and genomic clones of AST68 revealed that the AST68 gene is composed of 10 exons encoding a 677-aa polypeptide (74.1 kDa) that is able to functionally complement a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant lacking a sulfate transporter gene. Southern hybridization and restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping confirmed that AST68 is a single-copy gene that maps to the top arm of chromosome 5. Northern hybridization analysis of sulfate-starved plants indicated that the steady-state mRNA abundance of AST68 increased specifically in roots up to 9-fold by sulfate starvation. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that AST68 transcripts were accumulated in the central cylinder of sulfate-starved roots, but not in the xylem, endodermis, cortex, and epidermis. Among all the structural genes for sulfate assimilation, sulfate transporter (AST68), APS reductase (APR1), and serine acetyltransferase (SAT1) were inducible by sulfate starvation in A. thaliana. The sulfate transporter (AST68) exhibited the most intensive and specific response in roots, indicating that AST68 plays a central role in the regulation of sulfate assimilation in plants.
Vascular imaging modulography: an experimentalin vitrostudy (2010)

"Vascular imaging modulography: an experimental in vitro study." Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 13(S1), pp. 89–90Keywords: coronary diseasesinverse problemlinear elasticityvulnerable plaques Acknowledgements This research was supported in part by Région Rhône-Alpes (Explora'doc), Floralis UJF-Filiale and Agence National de la Recherche (ANR 2009–2011, MELANII).
Analytical calculation and fabrication of FET-embedded capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (2017)

In IUS 2016, we proposed a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer embedded a field effect transistor (CMUT-FET) for 20 MHz operation. As a result, the possibility of high sensitivity in a high-frequency range was verified via a combination of two simulation tools, a 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) for the CMUT part and a technology computer aided design for the FET part. Since the results were acquired from the separate models, the exact voltage drop of the channel capacitance in the FET part was not considered into the CMUT simulation part. In this paper, we suggest a full analytic model which can simulate the whole CMUT-FET model with high accuracy and fast computation. As a consecutive work, we also report on a fabrication process of the CMUT-FET with nickel silicide source/drain contacts and low-temperature wafer bonding. Since high-temperature process on the upper CMUT during direct wafer bonding critically affects the performance of the lower FET, several low-temperature direct wafer bondings were attempted and the results were demonstrated in this paper.
Impacts of research efforts on new and existing buildings (1985)

This paper reviews some of the resources for natural heating and cooling of buildings and outlines the potential benefits of specific examples of advanced research. The needs and possibilities for superior glazings, switchable glazings, thermal diodes, thermal transport systems, phase-change material in wallboard, and low-emissivity wall coatings are examined.
Assessment of the hip reduction angle for predicting osteoarthritis of the hip in the Labrador Retriever (2007)

Hip palpation has been used to provide semiquantitative information regarding passive joint laxity and susceptibility to hip dysplasia. The purpose of this study was to: (1) evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner repeatability of the hip reduction angle measured at 4 months of age by three examiners using manual goniometry and an electromagnetic tracking system; (2) compare the hip reduction angle measured with manual goniometry to the hip reduction angle measured with the electromagnetic tracking system; and (3) evaluate the hip reduction angle, distraction index and Ortolani manoeuvre at 4 months of age as predictors of the development of hip osteoarthritis at 12 months of age in 11 Labrador Retriever dogs. Intra- and inter-examiner repeatability was demonstrated for both the manual and electromagnetic goniometric measurement of the hip reduction angle (coefficient of variation < 4.3% and < 6.1%; and P = 0.163 and P = 0.836 respectively). The hip reduction angle measured by manual goniometry was moderately correlated to the hip reduction angle measured by the electromagnetic tracking system (r = 0.603, P < 0.0000). The hip reduction angle measured by manual and electromagnetic goniometry was a poor predictor of osteoarthritis at 12 months of age (r = 0.231, P < 0.062, and r = 0.321, P < 0.01). The distraction index was moderately correlated with the development of osteoarthritis by 12 months of age (r = 0.493, P < 0.0000). The Ortolani sign was sensitive (100%) but not specific (41%) for the development of osteoarthritis at 12 months of age. The hip reduction angle did not further quantify the Ortolani manoeuvre as a predictor of osteoarthritis in Labrador Retrievers.
Genetic mapping and transcription analyses of resistance gene loci in potato using NBS profiling (2008)

NBS profiling is a method for the identification of resistance gene analog (RGA) derived fragments. Here we report the use of NBS profiling for the genome wide mapping of RGA loci in potato. NBS profiling analyses on a minimal set of F1 genotypes of the diploid mapping population previously used to generate the ultra dense (UHD) genetic map of potato, allowed us to efficiently map polymorphic RGA fragments relative to 10,000 existing AFLP markers. In total, 34 RGA loci were mapped, of which only 13 contained RGA sequences homologous to RGAs genetically positioned at approximately similar positions in potato or tomato. The remaining RGA loci mapped either at approximate chromosomal regions previously shown to contain RGAs in potato or tomato without sharing homology to these RGAs, or mapped at positions not yet identified as RGA-containing regions. In addition to markers representing RGAs with unknown functions, segregating markers were detected that were closely linked to four functional R genes that segregate in the UHD mapping population. To explore the potential of NBS profiling in RGA transcription analyses, RNA isolated from different tissues was used as template for NBS profiling. Of all the fragments amplified approximately 15% showed putative intensity or absent/present differences between different tissues suggesting putative tissue specific RGA or R gene transcription. Putative absent/present differences between individuals were also found. In addition to being a powerful tool for generating candidate gene markers linked to R gene loci, NBS profiling, when applied to cDNA, can be instrumental in identifying those members of an R gene cluster that are transcribed, and thus putatively functional.
Cryptosporidium sp. Infections in Green Turtles, Chelonia mydas, as a Potential Source of Marine Waterborne Oocysts in the Hawaiian Islands (1997)

For the first time, Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts were identified in fecal and intestinal samples from free-ranging marine turtles, Chelonia mydas, from the Hawaiian Islands. The oocysts produced positive reactions with commercial test kits recommended for the detection of human-infectious waterborne oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum.
Unfolding the Phase Space Structure of Noisy Time Series by means of Angular First-Return Maps (2015)

A new approach which uses the joint probability matrix computation of noisy time series is proposed to construct a phase space portrait which reflects the orbit visitation frequency of the different regions of the phase space. The resulting representation provides a clear cut of the dynamical reconstructed attractor giving both quantitative information and qualitative information about the attractor structure. The orbital distribution recovered in the map is studied by an angular first-return map where the orbital time used for the reconstruction is obtained from the magnitude information of the complex representation of the data belonging to the probability phase portrait. The resulting phase delay coordinates serve to identify phase intermittency. The Lorenz-like Shimizu-Morioka model and the Rossler model are used to present the methodology. Finally, some experimental pressure time series measured on gas-solid fluidized beds operated at different dynamical regimes are presented to analyze the reliability of the proposed method to deal with experimental noise time series.
Ice nucleation by combustion ash particles at conditions relevant to mixed-phase clouds (2014)

Abstract. Ice nucleating particles can modify cloud properties with implications for climate and the hydrological cycle; hence, it is important to understand which aerosol particle types nucleate ice and how efficiently they do so. It has been shown that aerosol particles such as natural dusts, volcanic ash, bacteria and pollen can act as ice nucleating particles, but the ice nucleating ability of combustion ashes has not been studied. Combustion ashes are major by-products released during the combustion of solid fuels and a significant amount of these ashes are emitted into the atmosphere either during combustion or via aerosolization of bottom ashes. Here, we show that combustion ashes (coal fly ash, wood bottom ash, domestic bottom ash, and coal bottom ash) nucleate ice in the immersion mode at conditions relevant to mixed-phase clouds. Hence, combustion ashes could play an important role in primary ice formation in mixed-phase clouds, especially in clouds that are formed near the emission source of these aerosol particles. In order to quantitatively assess the impact of combustion ashes on mixed-phase clouds, we propose that the atmospheric abundance of combustion ashes should be quantified since up to now they have mostly been classified together with mineral dust particles. Also, in reporting ice residue compositions, a distinction should be made between natural mineral dusts and combustion ashes in order to quantify the contribution of combustion ashes to atmospheric ice nucleation.
393 Sonolucent Cranioplasty for Real-Time Ultrasound Monitoring of Extra-to-Intracranial Bypass: Early Multicenter Experience of 44 Cases (2023)

INTRODUCTION: The new sonolucent cranioplasty implant (clear polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) adds functionality besides reconstruction during and after surgery. One possible application uses transcranioplasty ultrasound (TCUS) technique after PMMA cranioplasty to assess graft patency of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass procedures. METHODS: Multicenter analysis of consecutive EC-IC bypass patients from 5 US centers between 2019-2022 with closure post bypass using the translucent PMMA cranioplasty implant. RESULTS: Forty-four patients (median-age 53, 68.2% females) were included. The most common indication for bypass was Moyamoya disease/syndrome (77.3%) and superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass was the most common procedure (79.5%). Pre-treatment modified Rankin Scale of 0 and 1-2 was noted in 11.4% and 59.1% of the patients, respectively, with hypertension being the most common comorbidity (72.7%). Intraoperative imaging for bypass patency involved utilizing combination of modalities in all patients, with intraoperative doppler being the most commonly utilized monitoring modality (90.9%) followed by indocyanine green (ICG) and catheter angiography (86.4% and 61.4%, respectively). Qualitative TCUS assessment of the graft patency was feasible in all cases without technical difficulties. Post-operative inpatient TCUS confirmation of the bypass patency was recorded in 56.8% of the cases, and outpatient TCUS surveillance for monitoring bypass patency through the implant was recorded in 22.7% of the patients. There were no cases of bypass failure noted in this cohort necessitating retreatment. Similarly, no implant-related complications were encountered in the cohort. Major complications requiring additional surgery occurred in 2 patients (4.6%) including epidural hematoma requiring surgical evacuation (2.3%) and post-operative surgical site infection (2.3%) that was unrelated to the implant. CONCLUSIONS: This multicenter study supports the safety and feasibility of using the sonolucent PMMA implant in the setting of EC-IC bypass surgery with the goal to monitor bypass patency using TCUS.
An Ultra-High Gradient Cerenkov Wakefield Acceleration Experiment at SLAC FFTB (2004)

The creation of ultra‐high current, ultra‐short pulse beams (Q=3 nC, σz= 20 μm) at the SLAC FFTB has opened the way for very high gradient plasma wakefield acceleration experiments. We study here the use of these beams in a proposed Cerenkov wakefield experiment, where one may excite electromagnetic wakes in a simple dielectric tube with inner diameter of few 100 microns that exceed the GV/m level. We discuss the scaling of the fields with design geometric design parameters, and choice of dielectric. We also examine measurable aspects of the experiment, such as the total coherent Cerenkov radiation energy one may collect, and the expected aspects of dielectric breakdown at high fields.
In‐plane motion correction for MR spectroscopic imaging (1998)

A motion-detection method is described that is specifically suited for MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) studies. Information on in-plane rotation and translation of the subject was obtained using external spatial reference markers that are uniquely identified via their chemical shift. The marker locations were obtained directly from the acquired data at each encoding step, and no additional data acquisition was required. This method was applied to brain 1H MRSI studies that include subcutaneous lipid signals, which otherwise result in enhanced sensitivity to subject motion.
Semantic confidence measurement for spoken dialog systems (2005)

This paper proposes two methods to incorporate semantic information into word and concept level confidence measurement. The first method uses tag and extension probabilities obtained from a statistical classer and parser. The second method uses a maximum entropy based semantic structured language model to assign probabilities to each word. Incorporation of semantic features into a lattice posterior probability based confidence measure provides significant improvements compared to posterior probability when used together in an air travel reservation task. At 5% False Alarm (FA) rate relative improvements of 28% and 61% in Correct Acceptance (CA) rate are achieved for word level and concept level confidence measurements, respectively.
Dynamic asymmetries of cardiac output transients in response to muscular exercise in man. (1994)

1. We determined the kinetics of cardiac output (Q) with respect to oxygen uptake (VO2) at the on- and off-transients of constant-load exercise. Six subjects performed constant-load exercise which consisted of 5 min rest, 5 min one-legged pedalling at 50 W and a 5 min recovery period. 2. The transient responses were characterized by first-order kinetics. There was no significant difference between the time constants for VO2 (tau VO2) at the on- (33.9 +/- 3.5 s, mean +/- S.E.M.) and off-transient (37.2 +/- 2.9 s). The time constant for Q (tau Q, 29.4 +/- 3.2 s) was consistently shorter than tau VO2 at the on-transient. However, tau Q was appreciably longer at the off-transient (44.3 +/- 3.6 s) than the on-transient. 3. The results support the contention that the time constant for the on-transient of Q is appreciably faster than that for VO2 and hence there seems little justification for the notion that the time constants for the kinetics of VO2 are determined by the limitations of blood flow in the transient. The asymmetry of Q kinetics, with the off-transient tau Q being appreciably slower than the on-transient tau Q, serves to maintain a sufficiently high oxygen flow to the muscle during recovery from exercise at a time when the muscle oxygen uptake remains high.
Comparative Effectiveness of Stereotactic Electroencephalography Versus Subdural Grids in Epilepsy Surgery (2021)

In comparison to SEEG, SDE evaluations are more likely to lead to brain surgery in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy but have more surgical complications and lower probability of seizure freedom. This comparative-effectiveness study provides the highest feasible evidence level to guide decisions on iEEG. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:927-939.
Crystallogenesis of Steroid-Converting Enzymes and Their Complexes: Enzyme–Ligand Interaction Studies and Inhibitor Design Facilitated by Complex Structures (2007)

Crystal growth of steroid enzymes in complex with hydrophobic ligands is hindered by the low solubility of both partners. However, their interaction can promote highly soluble complexes, leading to well diffracting crystals and high-quality structures. The moderate amphiphilic property of polyethylene glycol increases steroid solubility and facilitates complex formation, but altered orders of soaking can lead to a variety of complex formations and different structures. Understanding the latter mechanism is important for inhibitor design. Thus, different enzyme–ligand complex structures have provided detailed pictures of steroid alternative binding and multispecificity of the enzymes, as, for example, in the case of human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSD) type 1 due to C19 steroid pseudosymmetry or in human 17β-HSD type 5 due to the spatial binding site. These complex structures also provide insights into the dynamics of the enzyme binding and catalytic process. Hybrid inhibitors constituted by the steroid and adenine cores of the native substrate and cofactor can properly occupy their original binding sites in 17β-HSD1, leading to an inhibition constant at the nanomolar level. Altered complex crystallization and even a modified order of soaking may result in different complex structures, shedding light on detailed protein–ligand interactions as well as on the enzyme reaction mechanism. These results highlight the important contribution and high significance of the crystal growth mechanism to protein structure determination and function study, as well as to drug design for medicinal applications.
Early detection and monitoring of cancer with the anti-malignin antibody test. (1994)

The serum anti-malignin antibody (AMA) test determines the antibody to malignin, a 10,000-Da peptide present in patients with a wide variety of cancers. A total of 3315 double-blind tests demonstrated that AMA is a general transformation antibody, elevated in active nonterminal cancer, regardless of the site or tissue type, with sensitivity and specificity of 95% on the first determination and > 99% on repeat determinations. Data have not however been published yet that indicate whether, in daily clinical practice, the AMA test provides accurate prospective and predictive information. Forty-two physicians from 11 states, who ordered the AMA test, performed blind, report here on their results on 208 determinations in the first consecutive 181 patients and controls. Used in monitoring treatment in 56 patients, the test predicted or agreed 94.1% overall with the clinical status. Used in early detection in 125 patients and controls, of which 118 now have confirmed diagnoses, AMA was elevated in 21, all of whom were proven to have cancer; AMA was normal in 97, none of whom had cancer. Transient elevated AMA occurred in 3%, followed by normal values. Seven patients with still uncertain diagnosis who have had elevated AMA on repeated tests for 1 year or longer include six who are symptomatic, and three whose families have a high frequency of cancer. The conditions of these 7 may include undetected cancer because of the 118 with now certain diagnosis the AMA test predicted all correctly. From our experience, the AMA test should be used together with other routine procedures whenever signs and symptoms suggest cancer to facilitate early detection.