gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new method for one-stage hepatectomy for dogs. (1959)

One of the traditional methods for investigation of the function of various viscera has been by analysis of the consequences of removal of the organ or organs in question. Although this has generally been a simple matter technically, the extirpative approach to the problem of hepatic function in the dog has proved to be unusually troublesome. The anatomic basis for this is the close approximation of the subdiaphragmatic inferior vena cava to the liver. This relationship is so intimate that a segment of vena cava is resected in all popular methods of total hepatectomy and it is commonly thought that removal of the liver is not otherwise possible.9 Employing this principle, it is then necessary to provide a mechanism for both portal and inferior caval venous return. This has been done with multiple-staged procedures designed to initially promote collateral venous return,6, 8, 9 or in single-stage operations by the interposition of glass or plastic cannulae into the resected caval segment with drainage of the portal system into the vena cava more inferiorly.2, 7, 10

All presently employed methods of hepatectomy have serious disadvantages. The operative mortality is high. Multiple-staged methods require long intervals between operations, the final operation is bloody due to the presence of adhesions, and the state of caval and portal drainage is likely to be inadequate in the preparation finally obtained. The use of prosthetic cannulae in single-stage techniques introduces other hazards of air embolus, hemorrhage and clot formation, or defibrination in the cannula.

In this laboratory, considerable experience has accumulated with a single-stage total hepatectomy in which no prosthetic devices are used and in which the inferior vena cava is preserved. The operation has a mortality of less than 10 per cent. Maximum survival time compares favorably with any other method.
Virtual humans for animation, ergonomics, and simulation (2002)

The last few years have seen great maturation in the computation speed and control methods needed to portray 3D virtual humans suitable for real interactive applications. We first describe the state of the art, then focus on the particular approach taken at the University of Pennsylvania with the Jack system. Various aspects of real-time virtual humans are considered such as appearance and motion, interactive control, autonomous action, gesture, attention, locomotion, and multiple individuals. The underlying architecture consists of a sense-control-act structure that permits reactive behaviors to be locally adaptive to the environment, and a "PaT-Net" parallel finite-state machine controller that can be used to drive virtual humans through complex tasks. Finally, we argue for a deep connection between language and animation and describe current effects in linking them through the JacMOO extension to lambdaMOO.
Single Trocar Laparoscopic Nephrectomy Using Magnetic Anchoring and Guidance System in the Porcine Model (2007)

Single trocar laparoscopic nephrectomy using magnetically anchored instrumentation is technically feasible, demonstrating that intracorporeal instrument manipulation may overcome the limitations of current laparoscopic and robotic surgery by allowing unhindered intra-abdominal movement. This single access technique may be used with natural orifice surgery approaches and it has the potential to realize incision-free intra-abdominal surgery.
Foams still find favour. Wound management using foam dressings. (1991)

Foam dressings provide an excellent healing environment for granulating wounds, but have been overshadowed by the development of new materials. Their easy application means they are still valuable to both patients and nurses.
Characterization of Renal Chloride Channel (CLCN5) Mutations in Dent's Disease (2000)

Dent's disease is an X-linked renal tubular disorder characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, and renal failure. The disease is caused by mutations in a renal chloride channel gene, CLCN5, which encodes a 746 amino acid protein (CLC-5), with 12 to 13 transmembrane domains. In this study, an additional six unrelated patients with Dent's disease were identified and investigated for CLCN5 mutations by DNA sequence analysis of the 11 coding exons of CLCN5. This revealed six mutations: four frameshift deletions involving codons 392, 394, 658, and 728, one nonsense mutation (Tyr617Stop), and an A to T transversion at codon 601 that would result in either a missense mutation (Asp601Val) or creation of a novel donor splice site. These mutations were confirmed by restriction endonuclease or sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization analysis and were not common polymorphisms. The frameshift deletions and nonsense mutation predict truncated and inactivated CLC-5. The effects of the putative missense Asp601Val mutant CLC-5 were assessed by heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes, and this revealed a chloride conductance that was similar to that observed for wild-type CLC-5. However, an analysis of the mutant CLCN5 transcripts revealed utilization of the novel donor splice site, resulting in a truncated CLC-5. Thus, all of the six mutations are likely to result in truncated CLC-5 and a loss of function, and these findings expand the spectrum of CLCN5 mutations associated with Dent's disease.
Accurate mass and nuclear magnetic resonance identification of bisphenolic can coating migrants and their interference with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric analysis of bisphenol A (2011)

Received: 12 January 2011 Revised: 25 February 2011 Accepted: 26 February 2011 Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2011, 25, 1336–1342. DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4997 There was an error in the "Abstract" for this article. Lines 7–9 read "Positive ion ESI spectra confirmed both were larger molecules, suggesting that in the negative mode they likely fragmented to the BPA molecular ion in the source." These should read "Positive ion ESI spectra confirmed both were larger molecules, suggesting that in the negative mode they likely fragmented to the deprotonated BPA ion in the source."
An Acoustic Antenna with a Hollow Searchlight Pattern (1963)

Economy, repeatibility, and convenience make it desirable to model a radar system by means of an acoustic system. The modeling is based upon the fact that, in a lossless medium, both EM-waves and acoustic waves obey a traveling wave equation of the same form. Furthermore, the field components of a plane wave in each system are related to each other by equations of the same form.
Contacting Bare Solar Cells for STC Measurements (2008)

Accuracy in the measurement of solar cell performance attains more and more economic significance additionally to its importance in technology development. Measurement of bare (without additional interconnectors on the bus bars) wafer based silicon solar cells directly in production with a high relative accuracy is important for cell sorting and a high absolute accuracy is necessary for valuation of the product. The calibration of the references used to set the cell testers focuses on the precision of ISC measurement, but for the valuation the maximum power at standard testing conditions is the decisive number. Therefore the fill factor determination is a critical point which depends on the specific implementation of the four wire measurement technique. The paper discuses some contacting geometries in detail and proposes how to measure cell fill factor without interference of the bus bar resistance, because the bus bar is the interface to the cell ambience.
Hyperdiploid Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With 51 to 65 Chromosomes: A Distinct Biological Entity With a Marked Propensity to Undergo Apoptosis (1999)

To determine the cellular basis for the excellent clinical outcome of hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), defined by a modal chromosome number of 51 to 65, we assessed the growth potential of leukemic cells from 129 children with newly diagnosed ALL. Flow cytometric analysis was used to compare leukemic cell recoveries at the beginning and at the end of 7-day cultures on allogeneic bone marrow–derived stromal layers. The median percentage of cell recovery after culture was 91% (range, &lt;1% to 550%). Among the 25 hyperdiploid cases, only two had cell recoveries above the median value, compared with 63 of 104 cases with different ploidies (P&lt; .001); 21 had recoveries within the first quartile, in contrast to only 12 of the 104 other cases. Cell recoveries in the 16 cases with duplications of chromosomes 4 and 10, a feature previously associated with a superior outcome, were all within the first quartile. Flow cytometric studies indicated that rapid induction of apoptosis was the underlying cause of low cell recoveries in cases with hyperdiploidy. The demise of hyperdiploid cells on stroma was not due to failure to adhere with stromal elements (as shown by electron microscopy) or to deficiencies of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-11, stem-cell factor, interferon- (IFN-), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), or to combinations of these cytokines. Inactivation of IL-4, IFN- and TNF-, which if secreted by stromal layers could be toxic to ALL cells, failed to improve the survival of hyperdiploid blasts. We conclude that leukemic cells bearing 51 to 65 chromosomes have a marked propensity to undergo apoptosis. The stringent survival requirements of these cells, together with their potentially higher sensitivity to antileukemic drugs, may well account for the high cure rates achieved in patients with this form of ALL.
Artist with a Camera-Phone: A Decade of Mobile Photography (2014)

The camera-phone has emerged as the dominant device for the production and sharing of photographic images in the new millennium. No longer constrained by the technological parameters of the past, the camera-phone continues to remediate and refashion the tropes of traditional photography, thus giving rise to new image making processes and new ways of seeing. As camera-phone technology continues to evolve, these technological shifts have facilitated a liquid aesthetic that is constantly in flux. With this in mind, this research examines the shape-shifting parameters of the camera-phone and its impact on the field of photography; examining the ways in which camera-phones have reconfigured our relationship with imaging and facilitated new modes of photographic practice.
Synthesis of α‐amino‐3‐chloro‐4,5‐dihydro‐5‐methyl‐5‐isoxazoleacetic acid, a ring‐methylated analogue of the antitumor agent acivicin (AT‐125) (1995)

Abstract α‐Amino‐3‐chloro‐4,5‐dihydro‐5‐methyl‐5‐isoxazoleacetic acid ( 8 ), a ring‐methylated analogue of the potent antitumor agent acivicin (AT‐125), is synthesized in a 6‐step procedure in 63% overall yield from ( S )‐valine. Key step is the 1,3‐dipolar addition of bromonitrile oxide to the N,C ‐protected ( S )‐isodehydrovaline ( 6 ) available from ( S )‐valine in four steps involving the photoisomerization of N ‐phthaloylvaline methyl ester ( 1 ). The stereochemical course of the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition is proven by means of a X‐ray structure analysis of the major diastereoisomer 7a formed in the chloronitrile oxide cycloaddition. The absolute configuration of the major ( u ) diastereomer 7a and the bromo derivative 7b is (α S,5R ).
X-Ray Micro-Focus Monitoring of Water Alternating Gas Injection in Heterogeneous Formations (2018)

Abstract Water alternating gas (WAG) injection is a common technique in enhanced oil recovery. However, gas injection often associates with fingering due to high gas mobility, which leaves a large portion of the reservoir unswept. This study addresses gas mobility control observations through novel X-ray microfocus visualization of core-flood experiments and interpretation aided by numerical simulation. We use foam as our primary mobility control agent for improving conformance. The experimental setup utilizes an automated fluid injection system monitored by an X-ray microfocus scanner to quantify displacement patterns and saturations during WAG core-flood experiments. The core-flood device – placed within an X-ray shielded cabinet – is wirelessly operated through a computer. The resolution of the images permits observation of not only core scale fingering but also pore-scale displacement. We use a metastable foam with surfactant dissolved in the liquid phase to stabilize the gas diffusion in the liquid and to decrease the permeability and/or lower the apparent gas viscosity. Results show that saturation patterns and displacement front during WAG injection are highly influenced by bedding orientation and rock heterogeneity. Without gas mobility control during WAG injection, fingering and early breakthrough occur in those cases in which bedding orientation facilitates gas to flow through high permeability layers. In these cases, sweep efficiency is low during early time injection of nitrogen and only improves after injection is prolonged. With gas mobility control, the displacement efficiency is significantly improved. Also, dynamic processes like phase trapping, which could severely impair permeability and overall sweep efficiency, is more clearly visualized with the microfocus technique. Simulation work matches experimental data well and replicates saturation patterns measured experimentally in laminated Berea sandstone samples. The novel visualization technique presented here provides new pore-scale experimental insight to quantifying WAG displacement in heterogeneous media, a resolution one order of magnitude higher than with medical X-ray CT or other core-scale visualization techniques. The findings are useful for understanding flow regimes in structurally complex and heterogeneous formations.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Evidence-Based Review for Qualified Health Claims: Tomatoes, Lycopene, and Cancer (2007)

Several studies have reported an inverse association between tomato and/or lycopene intake and the risk of some types of cancer. In 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) received two petitions for qualified health claims regarding tomatoes, lycopene, and the risk reduction for some forms of cancer. Health claims that characterize the relationship between a food or food component and a disease or health-related condition require premarket approval by FDA to be included on the labels of conventional foods and dietary supplements. Here we describe FDA's review of the scientific data for tomato and/or lycopene intake with respect to risk reduction for certain forms of cancer. The FDA found no credible evidence to support an association between lycopene intake and a reduced risk of prostate, lung, colorectal, gastric, breast, ovarian, endometrial, or pancreatic cancer. The FDA also found no credible evidence for an association between tomato consumption and a reduced risk of lung, colorectal, breast, cervical, or endometrial cancer. The FDA found very limited evidence to support an association between tomato consumption and reduced risks of prostate, ovarian, gastric, and pancreatic cancers.
Pulsed Lidar Measurements of Atmospheric CO2 Column Absorption and Range During the ASCENDS 2009-2011 Airborne Campaigns (2012)

We have developed a pulsed lidar technique for measuring the tropospheric CO2 concentrations as a candidate for NASA's ASCENDS mission and have demonstrated the CO2 and O2 measurements from aircraft. Our technique uses two pulsed lasers allowing simultaneous measurement of a single CO2 absorption line near 1572 nm, O2 extinction in the Oxygen A-band, surface height and backscatter profile. The lasers are stepped in wavelength across the CO2 line and an O2 line doublet during the measurement. The column densities for the CO2 and O2 are estimated from the differential optical depths (DOD) of the scanned absorption lines via the IPDA technique. For the 2009 ASCENDS campaign we flew the CO2 lidar only on a Lear-25 aircraft, and measured the absorption line shapes of the CO2 line using 20 wavelength samples per scan. Measurements were made at stepped altitudes from 3 to 12.6 km over the Lamont OK, central Illinois, North Carolina, and over the Virginia Eastern Shore. Although the received signal energies were weaker than expected for ASCENDS, clear C02 line shapes were observed at all altitudes. Most flights had 5-6 altitude steps with 200-300 seconds of recorded measurements per step. We averaged every 10 seconds of measurements and used a cross-correlation approach to estimate the range to the scattering surface and the echo pulse energy at each wavelength. We then solved for the best-fit CO2 absorption line shape, and calculated the DOD of the fitted CO2 line, and computed its statistics at the various altitude steps. We compared them to CO2 optical depths calculated from spectroscopy based on HITRAN 2008 and the column number densities calculated from the airborne in-situ readings. The 2009 measurements have been analyzed in detail and they were similar on all flights. The results show clear CO2 line shape and absorption signals, which follow the expected changes with aircraft altitude from 3 to 13 km. They showed the expected nearly the linear dependence of DOD vs altitude. The measurements showed -1 ppm random errors for 8-10 km altitudes and -30 sec averaging times. For the 2010 ASCENDS campaigns we flew the CO2 lidar on the NASA DC-8 and added an O2 lidar channel. During July 2010 we made measurements of CO2 and O2 column absorption during longer flights over Railroad Valley NV, the Pacific Ocean and over Lamont OK. CO2 measurements were made with 30 steps/scan, 300 scans/sec and improved line resolution and receiver sensitivity. Analysis of the 2010 CO2 measurements shows the expected -linear change of DOD with altitude. For measurements at altitudes> 6 km the random errors were 0.3 ppm for 80 sec averaging times. For the summer 2011 ASCENDS campaigns we made further improvements to the lidar's CO2 line scan and receiver sensitivity. The seven flights in the 2011 Ascends campaign were flown over a wide variety of surface and cloud conditions in the US, which produced a wide variety of lidar signal conditions. Details of the lidar measurements and their analysis will be described in the presentation.
A new photoactive Ru(ii)tris(2,2′-bipyridine) templated Zn(ii) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate metal organic framework: structure and photophysical properties (2015)

It has now been demonstrated that Ru(ii)tris(2,2'-bipyridine) (RuBpy) can be utilized to template the formation of new metal organic framework (MOF) materials containing crystallographically resolved RuBpy clusters with unique photophysical properties. Two such materials, RWLC-1 and RWLC-2, have now been reported from our laboratory and are composed of RuBpy encapsulated in MOFs composed of Zn(ii) ions and 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene ligands (C. L. Whittington, L. Wojtas and R. W. Larsen, Inorg. Chem., 2014, 53, 160-166). Here, a third RuBpy templated photoactive MOF is described (RWLC-3) that is derived from the reaction between Zn(ii) ions and 1,4-dicarboxybenzene in the presence of RuBpy. Single Crystal X-ray diffraction studies determined the position of RuBpy cations within the crystal lattice. The RWLC-3 structure is described as a 2-fold interpenetrated pillared honeycomb network (bnb) containing crystallographically resolved RuBpy clusters. The two bnb networks are weakly interconnected. The encapsulated RuBpy exhibits two emission decay lifetimes (τ-fast = 120 ns, τ-slow = 453 ns) and a bathochromic shift in the steady state emission spectrum relative to RuBpy in ethanol.
Multicore Model from Abstract Single Core Inputs (2012)

This paper describes a first order multicore model to project a tighter upper bound on performance than previous Amdahl's Law based approaches. The speedup over a known baseline is a function of the core performance, microarchitectural features, application parameters, chip organization, and multicore topology. The model is flexible enough to consider both CPU and GPU like organizations as well as modern topologies from symmetric to aggressive heterogeneous (asymmetric, dynamic, and fused) designs. This extended model incorporates first order effect exposing more bottlenecks than previous applications of Amdahl's Law while remaining simple and flexible enough to be adapted for many applications.
T-cell lymphosarcoma in a female African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops). (1990)

A female African green monkey developed a generalized lymphosarcoma spontaneously that clinically and pathologically resembled malignant lymphoma in human beings infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type I. The monkey was serologically positive for simian T-lymphotropic virus. Immunocytochemical analysis of routinely fixed and paraffin embedded tumor tissue demonstrated neoplastic cells that stained positive with antihuman monoclonal UCHL1 which recognized a T-cell-restricted isotype of leukocyte common antigen.
Gradual Traction Reduction With the Ilizarov Method for Tile C1.2 Old Pelvic Fracture (2023)

Gradual traction reduction with the Ilizarov method can reduce the risk of sacral plexus injury and achieve satisfactory reduction of Tile C1.2 old pelvic fractures.
Low‐Temperature X‐ray Crystal‐Structure Analysis of the Thermally Unstable Lithiated 2‐Butenyl tert‐Butyl Sulfide: A comparison with model ab initio MO calculations (1988)

Abstract Single crystals of the N,N,N ′, N ′‐tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) complex 6 of the title compound have been isolated. Compound 6 decomposes in the crystalline state above −20°. From the bond lengths and angles obtained by X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis (data collected at −70°), compound 6 is best described as a ( E )‐1‐( tert ‐butylthio)‐1‐lithio‐2‐butene with the double bond acting as an additional ligand on lithium (unsymmetrical allylic group). The S‐atom is in a cisoid arrangement in a common plane with the four C‐atoms of the butenyl system. The t ‐Bu group and the Li‐atom are located above and below this plane. The structure is discussed with respect to the reactivity of 6 (α/γ reactivity). The gross structure is reproduced surprisingly well by an ab initio SCF MO calculation of the model lithiopropene‐1‐thiol 7 (HS instead of t ‐BuS, CH 2 instead of CHCH 3 , no solvation of Li). The prominent difference is the symmetry of the allyllic moiety in the calculated structure.