gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
L-Proline-N-oxalic anhydride (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTL-Proline-N-oxalic anhydrideWalter R. Hearn and Robert E. WorthingtonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 12, 4072–4074Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01287a086https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01287a086research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Micromachined lens microstages for two-dimensional forward optical scanning (2010)

This work presents a novel approach for a miniaturized optical scanning module based on lateral and piston motion of two commercial lenses by MEMS actuation. Two aspheric glass lenses of 1 mm diameter are assembled on two electrostatically actuated microstages moving along perpendicular axes to tilt optical path. The compact integration secures the effective beam aperture of 0.6 mm within the device width of 2 mm. The lens mass provides high-Q motions at low operating voltages of DC 5 V and AC 10 V, i.e., the lateral angle of 4.6 degrees at 277 Hz and the vertical angle of 5.3 degrees at 204 Hz. The device can provide a new direction for miniaturizing laser scanning based endoscopes or handheld projectors.
Case 20-2000 (2000)

Presentation of CaseA 61-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a wide-complex tachycardia and dyspnea.The patient had been well until one month earlier, when he was assaulted and sustained an orbital fracture, associated with blurred vision. Soon thereafter, in the hope of improving his vision, he began to take dietary supplements identified as bilberry, Ginkgo biloba, alpha lipoic acid, omega-3 fish oil, lecithin, and S-adenosylmethionine, in addition to vitamins E, C, and B complex. Two days before admission, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and midepigastric pain developed several hours after dinner. On the following morning, he awoke . . .
ChemInform Abstract: DIE SYNTH. EINIGER DERIVATE DER 2‐FLUOR‐D‐RIBOSE, DER 2‐DESOXY‐2‐FLUOR‐D‐RIBOSE (VI) UND DER 2‐DESOXY‐2‐FLUOR‐D‐ARABINOSE (V) (1972)

Abstract Die Umsetzung des 3,4‐Di‐O‐acetyl‐D‐arabinals (I) mit Trifluormethylhypofluorit in Trichlor?uonnethan bei tiefen Temperaturen ergibt nach chromatographischer Trennung über Silicagel Trifluormethyl‐3,4‐di‐O‐acetyl‐2‐desoxy‐ 2‐fluor‐β‐D‐arabinopyranosid (II) (2l,4% Ausbeute), 3,4‐Di‐O‐acetyl‐2‐desoxy‐Zfluor‐β‐D‐arabinopyranosyl‐fluorid (III) (25,6%) und 3,4‐Di‐O‐acetyl‐ 2‐desoxy‐2‐fluor‐a‐D‐ribopyranosylfluorid (IV) (l,7%).
Trends in Adaptive Array Processing (2012)

Enormous progress has been made during the past five decades in the area of adaptive array processing. Increased computational power has resulted in many practical applications of optimum algorithms. The present paper deals with many facets of array signal processing and adaptive beam forming. It provides a comprehensive description of various beam-forming schemes, adaptive algorithms to adjust the required weighting on antenna elements, direction-of-arrival estimation methods, including their performance comparison. The effects of various types of errors on the performance of an array system are illustrated along with their remedial measures. Since array signal processing has widespread applications, the study is carried out across various disciplines.
Direct generation of hydrogen peroxide from formic acid and O2 using heterogeneous Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalysts (2008)

Hydrogen peroxide formation is achieved with remarkable productivity at ambient conditions (25 degrees C and atmospheric pressure) in aqueous medium using a heterogeneous catalytic system; formic acid is decomposed in the presence of a continuous flow of O(2) over Pd/gamma-Al(2)O(3) catalyst leading to the generation of hydrogen peroxide; the addition of a negligible amount of bromide ion improves the selectivity of the reaction.
Power grid state estimation after a cyber-physical attack under the AC power flow model (2017)

In this paper, we present an algorithm for estimating the state of the power grid following a cyber-physical attack. We assume that an adversary attacks an area by: (i) disconnecting some lines within that area (failed lines), and (ii) obstructing the information from within the area to reach the control center. Given the phase angles of the buses outside the attacked area under the AC power flow model (before and after the attack), the algorithm estimates the phase angles of the buses and detects the failed lines inside the attacked area. The novelty of our approach is the transformation of the line failures detection problem, which is combinatorial in nature, to a convex optimization problem. As a result, our algorithm can detect any number of line failures in a running time that is independent of the number of failures and is solely dependent on the size of the network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first convex relaxation for the problem of line failures detection using phase angle measurements under the AC power flow model. We evaluate the performance of our algorithm in the IEEE 118- and 300-bus systems, and show that it estimates the phase angles of the buses with less that 1% error, and can detect the line failures with 80% accuracy for single, double, and triple line failures.
A Comparison of Frequency-Dependent Soil Models: Application to the Analysis of Grounding Systems (2013)

We present a review and comparison of different models representing the frequency dependence of the soil electrical parameters (conductivity and permittivity). These models are expressed in terms of curve-fit expressions for the soil conductivity and relative permittivity, which are based on experimental data. Six available models/expressions are discussed and compared making reference to two sets of experimental data. It is shown that the soil models by Scott, Smith-Longmire, Messier, and Visacro-Alipio predict overall similar results, which are in reasonable agreement with both sets of experimental data. Differences between the soil models are found to be more significant at high frequencies and for low-resistivity soils. The causality of the considered models is tested using the Kramers-Kronig relationships. It is shown that the models/expressions of Smith-Longmire, Messier, and Portela satisfy the Kramers-Kronig relationships and thus provide causal results. The soil models are applied to the analysis of grounding systems subject to a lightning current. A full-wave computational model is adopted for the analysis. The analysis is performed considering two cases: 1) a simple horizontal grounding electrode, and 2) a realistic grounding system of a wind turbine. Two current waveforms associated with typical first and subsequent return strokes are adopted for the representation of the incident lightning current. In agreement with recent studies, simulations show that the frequency dependence of the soil parameters results in a decrease of the potential of the grounding electrode, with respect to the case where the parameters are assumed to be constant. It is found that the models/expressions by Scott, Smith-Longmire, Messier, and Visacro-Alipio predict similar levels of decrease, which vary from about 2% (ρ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LV</sub> = 20 Ω·m and first stroke) up to 45% (ρ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LV</sub> = 10 000 Ω·m and subsequent stroke). On the other hand, the models of Portela and Visacro-Portela predict significantly larger levels of the decrease, especially for very high resistivity soils. Furthermore, in the case of a high resistivity soil (10 000 Ω·m), the Visacro-Alipio expression predicts a longer risetime for the grounding potential rise, compared to the predictions of Scott, Smith-Longmire, and Messier models.
Bolus Estimation—Rethinking the Effect of Meal Fat Content (2015)

In addition to considering the putative delay in gastric emptying associated with HF meals, we suggest that clinicians reviewing patient records consider that the fat content of these meals may alter S(I).
Leitthema: Gentherapie: Forschung, Entwicklung und Regularien (2001)

Adenoviral vectors are promising vectors for somatic gene therapy in a number of inherit- ed and acquired disorders. In this contri- bution, the current scientific knowledge as it relates to production and function of adeno- viral vectors is summarized.The different types of adenoviral vectors are described and their respective advantages and dis- advantages are delineated. Current problems with adenoviral vectors, and implications as they derive from the fatality observed in the Philadelphia gene therapy trial are discussed.
Common Genetic Variants and Modification of Penetrance of BRCA2-Associated Breast Cancer (2021)

The considerable uncertainty regarding cancer risks associated with inherited mutations of BRCA2 is due to unknown factors. To investigate whether common genetic variants modify penetrance for BRCA2 mutation carriers, we undertook a two-staged genome-wide association study in BRCA2 mutation carriers. In stage 1 using the Affymetrix 6.0 platform, 592,163 filtered SNPs genotyped were available on 899 young (<40 years) affected and 804 unaffected carriers of European ancestry. Associations were evaluated using a survival-based score test adjusted for familial correlations and stratified by country of the study and BRCA2*6174delT mutation status. The genomic inflation factor (λ) was 1.011. The stage 1 association analysis revealed multiple variants associated with breast cancer risk: 3 SNPs had p-values<10−5 and 39 SNPs had p-values<10−4. These variants included several previously associated with sporadic breast cancer risk and two novel loci on chromosome 20 (rs311499) and chromosome 10 (rs16917302). The chromosome 10 locus was in ZNF365, which contains another variant that has recently been associated with breast cancer in an independent study of unselected cases. In stage 2, the top 85 loci from stage 1 were genotyped in 1,264 cases and 1,222 controls. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for stage 1 and 2 were combined and estimated using a retrospective likelihood approach, stratified by country of residence and the most common mutation, BRCA2*6174delT. The combined per allele HR of the minor allele for the novel loci rs16917302 was 0.75 (95% CI 0.66–0.86, ) and for rs311499 was 0.72 (95% CI 0.61–0.85, ). FGFR2 rs2981575 had the strongest association with breast cancer risk (per allele HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.18–1.39, ). These results indicate that SNPs that modify BRCA2 penetrance identified by an agnostic approach thus far are limited to variants that also modify risk of sporadic BRCA2 wild-type breast cancer.
Heterogeneous Graph Masked Autoencoders (2023)

Generative self-supervised learning (SSL), especially masked autoencoders, has become one of the most exciting learning paradigms and has shown great potential in handling graph data. However, real-world graphs are always heterogeneous, which poses three critical challenges that existing methods ignore: 1) how to capture complex graph structure? 2) how to incorporate various node attributes? and 3) how to encode different node positions? In light of this, we study the problem of generative SSL on heterogeneous graphs and propose HGMAE, a novel heterogeneous graph masked autoencoder model to address these challenges. HGMAE captures comprehensive graph information via two innovative masking techniques and three unique training strategies. In particular, we first develop metapath masking and adaptive attribute masking with dynamic mask rate to enable effective and stable learning on heterogeneous graphs. We then design several training strategies including metapath-based edge reconstruction to adopt complex structural information, target attribute restoration to incorporate various node attributes, and positional feature prediction to encode node positional information. Extensive experiments demonstrate that HGMAE outperforms both contrastive and generative state-of-the-art baselines on several tasks across multiple datasets. Codes are available at https://github.com/meettyj/HGMAE.
Factors Associated With No or Delayed Linkage to Care in Newly Diagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)‐1–Infected Patients Identified by Emergency Department–based Rapid HIV Screening Programs in Two Urban EDs (2012)

In spite of dedicated resources for arranging LTC in the ED HIV testing programs, nearly 50% of patients did not have successful LTC (i.e., LTC occurred at >30 days), although >80% of patients were LTC within 1 year of initial diagnosis. Further evaluation of the barriers associated with successful LTC for those with public insurance and self-pay is warranted.
Recurrence of epigenetic gene mutations in thymic epithelial carcinomas revealed by targeted exome sequencing of cancer-associated genes. (2014)

7529 Background: Genetic alterations and etiology of thymic epithelial tumors (TET) are largely unknown, hampering development of effective targeted therapies for TET patients. Methods: TET patients enrolled in a clinical trial of molecularly-guided targeted therapies underwent exome capture sequencing of 197 cancer-associated genes. Somatic non-synonymous sequence variations including missense, nonsense, splice site mutations and indels were identified by comparative sequence analyses of tumor/blood paired samples. Results: Targeted exome capture sequencing of 78 advanced stage TETs (46 thymic carcinomas and 32 thymomas)/blood pairs revealed a total of 134 somatic non-synonymous sequence variations in 68 genes. Somatic non-synonymous sequence variations were found in 50% (39/78) of the TETs analyzed. Thymic carcinomas (67%; 31/46) showed higher incidence of somatic non-synonymous mutations than thymomas (25%; 8/32)(p=0.0002). TP53 (n = 13; 17%) was the most frequently mutated gene in TETs, and TP53 mutant patients showed poorer overall survival than TP53 wild-type patients (p < 0.0001). In thymic carcinomas, genes in epigenetic modification machinery [BAP1 (n = 6; 13%), SETD2 (n = 4; 9%), DNMT3A (n = 3; 7%), TET2 (n = 3; 7%), WT1 (n = 2; 4%), SMARCA4 (n = 2; 4%), and ASXL1 (n = 2; 4%)] were found recurrently mutated, whereas in thymomas, a preponderance of epigenetic gene mutations was not observed. Conclusions: Our results highlight the potential importance of epigenetic machinery in thymic carcinoma and indicate that substantial difference in genetic makeup exists between thymic carcinomas and thymomas. Targeting of epigenetic pathways may be of benefit to patients who carry those mutations.
Genotyping and Phenotyping of Beta2-Toxigenic Clostridium perfringens Fecal Isolates Associated with Gastrointestinal Diseases in Piglets (2003)

Although Clostridium perfringens is recognized as an important cause of clostridial enteric diseases, only limited knowledge exists concerning the association of particular C. perfringens toxinotypes (type A to E) with gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in domestic animals. Some C. perfringens isolates also produce the newly discovered beta2-toxin (CPB2). Recent epidemiological studies suggested that C. perfringens isolates carrying the gene encoding CPB2 (cpb2) are strongly associated with clostridial GI diseases in domestic animals, including necrotic enteritis in piglets and typhlocolitis in horses. These putative relationships, obtained by PCR genotyping, were tested in the present study by further genotyping and phenotyping of 29 cpb2-positive C. perfringens isolates from pigs with GI disease (pig GI disease isolates). PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis reconfirmed the presence of cpb2 gene sequences in all the disease isolates included in the study. Furthermore, genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses showed that the pig GI disease isolates included in this study all carry a plasmid cpb2 gene, yet no clonal relationships were detected between the cpb2-positive pig GI disease isolates surveyed. Finally, CPB2-specific Western blotting demonstrated CPB2 expression by all of the cpb2-positive isolates surveyed. The CPB2 proteins made by five of these pig GI disease isolates were shown to have the same deduced amino acid sequences as the biologically active CPB2 protein made by the original type C isolate, CWC245. Collectively, our present results support a significant association between CPB2-positive C. perfringens isolates and diarrhea in piglets.
Protecting the retinal pigment epithelium during macular hole surgery (2005)

Herein a new surgical technique used during pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for macular hole surgery is reported. Perfluorocarbon liquid is used to tamponade the macular hole in order to prevent indocyanine green contact with the retinal pigment epithelium.
Electrochemical Lithiation/Delithiation of ZnO in 3D-Structured Electrodes: Elucidating the Mechanism and the Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation (2021)

Conversion/alloy active materials, such as ZnO, are one of the most promising candidates to replace graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Besides a high specific capacity (<i>q</i><sub>ZnO</sub> = 987 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>), ZnO offers a high lithium-ion diffusion and fast reaction kinetics, leading to a high-rate capability, which is required for the intended fast charging of battery electric vehicles. However, lithium-ion storage in ZnO is accompanied by the formation of lithium-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers, immense volume expansion, and a large voltage hysteresis. Nonetheless, ZnO is appealing as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries and is investigated intensively. Surprisingly, the conclusions reported on the reaction mechanism are contradictory and the formation and composition of the SEI are addressed in only a few works. In this work, we investigate lithiation, delithiation, and SEI formation with ZnO in ether-based electrolytes for the first time reported in the literature. The combination of <i>operando</i> and <i>ex situ</i> experiments (cyclic voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy) clarifies the misunderstanding of the reaction mechanism. We evidence that the conversion and alloy reaction take place simultaneously inside the bulk of the electrode. Furthermore, we show that a two-layered SEI is formed on the surface. The SEI is decomposed reversibly upon cycling. In the end, we address the issue of the volume expansion and associated capacity fading by incorporating ZnO into a mesoporous carbon network. This approach reduces the capacity fading and yields cells with a specific capacity of above 500 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> after 150 cycles.
Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Studies on the Sulfuric Acid Catalyzed Conversion of d-Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Levulinic Acid in Water (2015)

Levulinic acid (LA) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) have been identified as promising biomass-derived platform chemicals. A kinetic study on the conversion of d-fructose to HMF and LA in water using sulfuric acid as the catalyst has been performed in batch setups. The experiments were carried out in a temperature window of 140–180 °C, using sulfuric acid as the catalyst (0.005–1 M) and an initial d-fructose concentration between 0.1 and 1 M. A kinetic model for the conversion of d-fructose to HMF and the subsequent reaction of HMF to LA was developed including the kinetics for the formation of solid byproducts (humins) using a power-law approach. According to the model, the maximum attainable HMF yield in the experimental window is 56 mol % (Cfruc = 0.1 M; Cacid = 0.005 M; 166 °C), which is close to the highest experimental value within the range (53 mol %) and considerably higher than that reported for d-glucose. The highest modeled LA yield was 70 mol % (Cfruc = 0.1 M; Cacid = 1 M; 140 °C), close to the experimental value of 74 mol %. This LA yield is considerably higher than that found for d-glucose within the range of experimental conditions. The model was used to determine the optimum reactor configuration for highest HMF and LA yields, and it is shown that highest HMF yields are attainable in a PFR reactor, whereas a large extent of backmixing is favorable when aiming for a high LA yield.
Thoracic and pulmonary radiographic modification during immersion in apnea: 1--a special apparatus. (1979)

Thoracic and pulmonary radiographic modification during immersion in apnea, were studied. An Apparatus "Nuclearisub" was used, it consists of two parts: An x-ray generator (100 KV, 40 mA) and a image intensifier tube (brightness gain 1200) with a transistorized telecamera. Through continuous radioscopy during immersion, can be analyzed the variations caused by redistribution of the blood, as well as the changes in pressure.
Effect of ascorbic acid, dihydrolipoic acid, t‐Butylhydroquinone, and phenylbutylnitrone on mortality and neurological impairment induced by sequential common carotid artery sectioning in mice (2004)

Abstract The efficacy of four antioxidant agents to reduce neurological deficits and mortality produced by sequential common carotid artery sectioning (SCAS) in mice was evaluated. Ascorbic acid (AA, 500 mg/kg), dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA, 100 mg/kg), tert ‐butylhydroquinone ( t ‐BHQ, 100 mg/kg) or phenylbutylnitrone (PBN, 100 mg/kg) were injected ip 15 min after the second artery sectioning. Animals were evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 h after antioxidant or saline injection using two procedures: neurological examination and spontaneous motility. Based on neurological examination, a disability status scale was used to determine the degree of functional incapacity after brain ischemia for each animal. The scale comprised 10 progressive steps beyond 0 (normal) extending to status 10 (death due to SCAS). In this scale, the highest scores reflect greater neurological dysfunction. AA and DHLA but neither t ‐BHQ nor PBN decreased mortality and reduced neurobehavioral deficits caused by SCAS in mice. The observed 24‐, 48‐, and 72‐h survival rates for AA were 86, 71, and 48% and for DHLA were 75, 65, and 65%, representing a significant prolongation of lifespan as compared with vehicle‐treated animals (60, 35, 35%). The 24‐, 48‐, and 72‐h neurological scores for AA of 5.2, 6.2, and 7.5 and for DHLA of 4.6, 5.3, and 5.8 as compared with the scores observed for the saline‐treated control group (7.6, 8.6, and 8.6) indicate that administration of these antioxidants is beneficial for the neurological output of surviving animals. These antioxidants may have important neuroprotective properties, and indicate that a clinical trial, mainly of DHLA, in stroke patients should be considered. Drug Dev. Res. 63:212–218, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.