gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Swiss-cheese extended (2013)

Swiss-Cheese Extended proposes a novel real-time method for recognizing objects with capacitive proximity sensors. Applying this technique to ubiquitous user interfaces, it is possible to detect the 3D-position of multiple human hands in different configurations above a surface that is equipped with a small number of sensors. The retrieved object configurations can significantly improve a user's interaction experience or an application's execution context, for example by detecting multi-hand zoom and rotation gestures or recognizing a grasping hand. We emphasize the broad applicability of the proposed method with a study of a multi-hand gesture recognition device.
Investigating the impact of COVID-19 on Online Learning-based Web Behavior (2022)

COVID-19, a pandemic that the world has not seen in decades, has resulted in presenting a multitude of unprecedented challenges for student learning across the globe. The global surge in COVID-19 cases resulted in several schools, colleges, and universities closing in 2020 in almost all parts of the world and switching to online or remote learning, which has impacted student learning in different ways. This has resulted in both educators and students spending more time on the internet than ever before, which may be broadly summarized as both these groups investigating, learning, and familiarizing themselves with information, tools, applications, and frameworks to adapt to online learning. This paper takes an explorative approach to further investigate and analyze the impact of COVID-19 on such web behavior data related to online learning to interpret the associated interests, challenges, and needs. The study specifically focused on investigating Google Search-based web behavior data as Google is the most popular search engine globally. The impact of COVID-19 related to online learning-based web behavior on Google was studied for the top 20 worst affected countries in terms of the total number of COVID-19 cases, and the findings have been published as an open-access dataset. Furthermore, to interpret the trends in web behavior da-ta related to online learning, the paper discusses a case study in terms of the impact of COVID-19 on the education system of one of these countries.
p100/IκBδ sequesters and inhibits NF-κB through kappaBsome formation (2014)

Degradation of I kappaB (κB) inhibitors is critical to activation of dimeric transcription factors of the NF-κB family. There are two types of IκB inhibitors: the prototypical IκBs (IκBα, IκBβ, and IκBε), which form low-molecular-weight (MW) IκB:NF-κB complexes that are highly stable, and the precursor IκBs (p105/IκBγ and p100/IκBδ), which form high-MW assemblies, thereby suppressing the activity of nearly half the cellular NF-κB [Savinova OV, Hoffmann A, Ghosh G (2009) Mol Cell 34(5):591-602]. The identity of these larger assemblies and their distinct roles in NF-κB inhibition are unknown. Using the X-ray crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of p100/IκBδ and functional analysis of structure-guided mutants, we show that p100/IκBδ forms high-MW (IκBδ)4:(NF-κB)4 complexes, referred to as kappaBsomes. These IκBδ-centric "kappaBsomes" are distinct from the 2:2 complexes formed by IκBγ. The stability of the IκBδ tetramer is enhanced upon association with NF-κB, and hence the high-MW assembly is essential for NF-κB inhibition. Furthermore, weakening of the IκBδ tetramer impairs both its association with NF-κB subunits and stimulus-dependent processing into p52. The unique ability of p100/IκBδ to stably interact with all NF-κB subunits by forming kappaBsomes demonstrates its importance in sequestering NF-κB subunits and releasing them as dictated by specific stimuli for developmental programs.
Internal Fixation in Trapdoor-Type Orbital Blowout Fracture (2005)

The advantages of internal fixation include anatomical reconstruction of the orbital wall; preservation of the original orbital bone and the mucoperiosteum of the sinus as an osteomucoperiosteal flap resulting in rapid wound healing and normal mucus drainage function of the sinus; the simplicity of the procedure; and consequently, the absence of surgery-related complications. This technique is presented as one of the preferred treatments for trapdoor-type orbital blowout fractures.
The use of organic solvents at low temperature for the separation of enzymes. Application to aqueous rabbit muscle extract (1951)

Research Article| January 01 1951 The use of organic solvents at low temperature for the separation of enzymes. Application to aqueous rabbit muscle extract Brigitte A. Askonas Brigitte A. Askonas 1Biochemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1951) 48 (1): 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0480042 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Brigitte A. Askonas; The use of organic solvents at low temperature for the separation of enzymes. Application to aqueous rabbit muscle extract. Biochem J 1 January 1951; 48 (1): 42–48. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0480042 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1951 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1951 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Caramel stability and its effect on vinegar stability. (2010)

Effect of pH and NaCl concentration on caramel stability was studied and the effect of caramel utilization on vinegar stability was estimated.The results demonstrated that pH and NaCl concentration would affect stability of caramel.Caramel turbidity was caused by caramel sediment and microbial growth.When pH value was below 5,caramel could remain stable longer,but when pH value is above 5,caramel would turbid easily.Caramel stability would increase with the increase of NaCl concentration when NaCl concentration is below 6%.The vinegar would have stable color and haven't microbial turbidity in shorter period if caramel was used to mix color with the vinegar.
Social Security and Poverty (1999)

Social security is concerned with the provision of financial support to those with problems of financial hardship. Twentieth-century Britain has seen the emergence of the welfare state whereby the government plays an active role in promoting social welfare by providing cash benefits and benefits in kind. The latter include the provision of health and medical facilities as well as schooling, whereas cash benefits most obviously embrace social security benefits provided to those deemed to require them. The objectives of social security, like those of the welfare state in general, are diverse with different protagonists advocating different aspirations. These objectives range from promoting greater economic equality by redistributing resources from the rich, via taxation, to the poor in the form of social security benefits to facilitating people to provide more effectively for their own needs by requiring contributions to be paid by working individuals in order to finance benefits when they are not working, e.g. when sick, unemployed or in old age. However, the most widely supported objective of a system of social security is to provide a minimum standard of living below which no one should fall. Support for this, although their motives for so doing differed, has ranged from Anthony Crosland on the left to Sir William Beveridge and on to right-wing thinkers such as Hayek. As such, the provision of social security benefits has had, as a central aim, the relief of poverty.
Fast-discharge excitation of hot capillary plasmas for soft-x-ray amplifiers (1993)

High-temperature (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{e}}$&gt;150 eV), small-diameter (\ensuremath{\sim}200 \ensuremath{\mu}m) plasma columns have been efficiently generated by very fast (13 ns rise time, 28 ns full width at half maximum) pulsed discharge excitation of capillary channels filled with preionized gas. Discharges in argon-filled capillaries at currents between 20 and 60 kA produced plasmas with Ar x--AR xiv line emission, in which the degree of ionization was controlled by the magnitude of the current pulse. The characteristics of these plasmas differ from those created by vacuum discharges in the same capillaries and approach those necessary for soft-x-ray amplification in low-Z elements.
A Multivariable Index for Grading Exercise Gas Exchange Severity in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Heart Failure (2012)

Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and heart failure (HF) display many abnormalities in respiratory gas exchange. These abnormalities are accentuated with exercise and track with disease severity. However, use of gas exchange measures in day-to-day clinical practice is limited by several issues, including the large number of variables available and difficulty in data interpretation. Moreover, maximal exercise testing has limitations in clinical populations due to their complexity, patient anxiety and variability in protocols and cost. Therefore, a multivariable gas exchange index (MVI) that integrates key gas exchange variables obtained during submaximal exercise into a severity score that ranges from normal to severe-very-severe is proposed. To demonstrate the usefulness of this index, we applied this to 2 groups (PAH, n = 42 and HF, n = 47) as well as to age matched healthy controls (n = 25). We demonstrate that this score tracks WHO classification and right ventricular systolic pressure in PAH (r = 0.53 and 0.73, P ≤ 0.01) and NYHA and cardiac index in HF (r = 0.49 and 0.74, P ≤ 0.01). This index demonstrates a stronger relationship than any single gas exchange variable alone. In conclusion, MVI obtained from light, submaximal exercise gas exchange is a useful approach to simplify data interpretation in PAH and HF populations.
Kinetics and Thermochemistry of C4–C6 Olefin Cracking on H-ZSM-5 (2014)

C4–C6 olefin β-scission rate constants were inferred from experimental studies at 773–813 K and <15% conversion by considering every C4–C6 olefin isomer and all available β-scission modes: 2° to 2° (C), 1° to 3° and 3° to 1° (E), 1° to 2° and 2° to 1° (D), and 1° to 1° (F). Group contribution methods were implemented to assess adsorption enthalpies and entropies of C4–C6 olefin isomers on H-ZSM-5 via the development of group correction terms for surface alkoxides; a linear dependence of enthalpy (or entropy) of formation difference between a surface alkoxide and a gas-phase alkane on carbon number was considered. Tertiary alkoxides have the smallest adsorption constants among surface adsorbates, and the resulting low coverage of highly substituted alkoxides restricts their contribution to alkene cracking pathways. Intrinsic β-scission rate constants (kE:kC:kD:kF ratio of 1094:21:8:1 at 783 K) and activation energies (EinE < EinC < EinD < EinF) from experimentally observed effluent compositions of C4–C6 olefin cracking consistent with computational studies were derived after rigorously accounting for adsorption constants and surface coverages of each C4–C6 olefin isomer. These results demonstrate that shape selectivity constraints prevent equilibration of surface alkoxides on surfaces under reaction conditions relevant for alkene cracking and present a quantitative description of C–C bond cracking reactions of olefins catalyzed by solid acids.
Optical and other properties of a hydrocarbon‐soluble polypeptide, poly‐γ‐(n‐dodecyl)‐L‐glutamate (1973)

Abstract The polypeptide poly‐γ‐( n ‐dodecyl)‐ L ‐glutamate (PDLG) is soluble in hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane, cyclohexane, and dodecane. The CD spectra of PLDG in these solvents are reported here. These spectra are typical α‐helix spectra and show none of the wavelength shifts and magnitude changes displayed by partially helical proteins in membrane preparations. This observation rules out the possibility that the membrane protein CD spectra result from solvent effects. The PDLG helix is stable in dodecane up to at least 70 °C. However, it is easily disrupted by trifluoroacetic acid, with the helix–coil transition centered at 3% TFA in hexane. Viscosity measurements of PDLG in dry dichloroacetic acid exhibit polyelectrolyte effects which can be suppressed by addition of several percent water.
Addition Reaction of Linoleic Acid and Acrylic Acid in the Presence of 1, 1-Dithio-di-2-naphtol (1976)

Addition reaction of linoleic acid and acrylic acid was studied in the presence of 1, 1'-dithiodi-2-naphtol (DTDN). Equimolecular acrylic acid was added dropwise to linoleic acid in the presence of 1 wt% DTDN for 4 hr at 250. Adduct of linoleic acid and acrylic acid was obtained in 72.6 % yield. The adduct was isolated and identified by NMR and mass spectrum.
A dynamic subframe set power control scheme for interference mitigation in reconfigurable TD-LTE systems (2014)

In 3GPP LTE, TDD spectrum allocation for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) use is a function of a cell's TDD UL/DL configuration which designates which time resources (i.e., subframes) are for UL and which are for DL. TDD dynamic UL/DL reconfiguration, under discussion in LTE Release 12, enables cells to quickly adapt the ratio of allocated UL and DL subframes to changing traffic patterns which can be different for neighboring cells. Having different UL/DL directions for the same subframe in adjacent cells can result in new destructive interference components, i.e., eNB-to-eNB and UE-to-UE, with levels that can significantly differ from one subframe to another. In this paper, UL power control mechanisms are considered to manage such interference, where different sets of UL subframes use different UL power control parameters. In particular, two schemes are studied where, in one, fixed subframe sets are chosen based on expected interference and, in the other, the eNB monitors interference levels in the subframes and dynamically reconfigures the subframe sets accordingly. The performance of each scheme is evaluated through system level simulations and it is shown that the UL power control with dynamic UL subframe set configuration outperforms the one with static UL subframe sets, with significant improvement achieved at cell edge.
Activity of endogenous myocardial lipases during incubation at acid pH (1974)

Journal Article Activity of endogenous myocardial lipases during incubation at acid pH Get access WILLIAM B. WEGLICKI, WILLIAM B. WEGLICKI 2 From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA 2Address for correspondence: William B. Weglicki, MD, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, 721 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KENNETH OWENS, KENNETH OWENS From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBIN C. RUTH, ROBIN C. RUTH From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 8, Issue 2, March 1974, Pages 237–242, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/8.2.237 Published: 01 March 1974
Instrumentation development for multi-dimensional two-phase flow modeling (1999)

A multi-faceted instrumentation approach is described which has played a significant role in obtaining fundamental data for two-phase flow model development. This experimental work supports the development of a three-dimensional, two-fluid, four field computational analysis capability. The goal of this development is to utilize mechanistic models and fundamental understanding rather than rely on empirical correlations to describe the interactions in two-phase flows. The four fields (two dispersed and two continuous) provide a means for predicting the flow topology and the local variables over the full range of flow regimes. The fidelity of the model development can be verified by comparisons of the three-dimensional predictions with local measurements of the flow variables. Both invasive and non-invasive instrumentation techniques and their strengths and limitations are discussed. A critical aspect of this instrumentation development has been the use of a low pressure/temperature modeling fluid (R-134a) in a vertical duct which permits full optical access to visualize the flow fields in all two-phase flow regimes. The modeling fluid accurately simulates boiling steam-water systems. Particular attention is focused on the use of a gamma densitometer to obtain line-averaged and cross-sectional averaged void fractions. Hot-film anemometer probes provide data on local void fraction, interfacial frequency, bubble and droplet size, as well as information on the behavior of the liquid-vapor interface in annular flows. A laser Doppler velocimeter is used to measure the velocity of liquid-vapor interfaces in bubbly, slug and annular flows. Flow visualization techniques are also used to obtain a qualitative understanding of the two-phase flow structure, and to obtain supporting quantitative data on bubble size. Examples of data obtained with these various measurement methods are shown.
Protein Electronic Conductors: Hemin–Substrate Bonding Dictates Transport Mechanism and Efficiency across Myoglobin (2015)

Electron transport (ETp) across met-myoglobin (m-Mb), as measured in a solid-state-like configuration between two electronic contacts, increases by up to 20 fold if Mb is covalently bound to one of the contacts, a Si electrode, in an oriented manner by its hemin (ferric) group, rather than in a non-oriented manner. Oriented binding of Mb is achieved by covalently binding hemin molecules to form a monolayer on the Si electrode, followed by reconstitution with apo-Mb. We found that the ETp temperature dependence (>120 K) of non-oriented m-Mb virtually disappears when bound in an oriented manner by the hemin group. Our results highlight that combining direct chemical coupling of the protein to one of the electrodes with uniform protein orientation strongly improves the efficiency of ET across the protein. We hypothesize that the behavior of reconstituted m-Mb is due to both strong protein-substrate electronic coupling (which is likely greater than in non-oriented m-Mb) and direct access to a highly efficient transport path provided by the hemin group in this configuration.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from LOXL2 Upregulates Phosphorylation of Ezrin to Promote Cytoskeletal Reorganization and Tumor Cell Invasion (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Digital holographic microscopy for the evaluation of human sperm\n structure (2013)

The morphology of the sperm head has often been correlated with the outcome\nof in vitro fertilization (IVF), and has been shown to be the sole parameter in\nsemen of value in predicting the success of intracytoplasmic sperm injection\n(ICSI) and intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI). In\nthis paper, we have studied whether Digital Holographic (DH) microscopy may be\nuseful to obtain quantitative data on human sperm head structure and compared\nthis technique to high power digitally enhanced Nomarski microscope. The main\nadvantage of DH is that a high resolution 3-D quantitative sample imaging may\nbe obtained thorugh numerical refocusing at different object planes without any\nmechanical scanning. We show that DH can furnish useful information on the\ndimensions and structure of human spermatozoo, that cannot be revealed by\nconventional phase contrast microscopy. In fact, in this paper DH has been used\nto evaluate volume and indicate precise location of vacuoles, thus suggesting\nits use as an additional useful prognostic quantitative tool in assisted\nreproduction technology (ART).\n
Modification of silicon by self-assembled monolayers for application in nano-electronics and biology (2007)

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is employed to investigate surface and interface properties of several self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) systems on silicon and applications in optimizing attachment of biomolecules and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of high-k metal oxides are explored. The SAM systems include silane-based SAMs on SiO2 and alkene-based SAMs (with different terminal groups) on H-terminated Si (111).Modification of SiO2 by silane-based SAMs is presented first with emphasis on SAM/SiO2 interfacial characteristics. Spectral changes in the longitudinal-optical (LO) phonon mode of the SiO2 substrate after modification with silane-based SAMs suggest the formation of a dense cross-linked SAM chemically attached to the SiO2 substrate through Sisubstrate-O-Si bonds. A novel method is developed to prepare -NH2 terminated surface for optimized biomolecules surface attachment using (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and hydrogen-terminated Si (111). It is demonstrated that APTES can form more stable siloxane layers on hydrogen-terminated Si (111) without extra pre-hydration or pre-oxidization of surface required by conventional silane-based methods. The formation, structure and stability of alkene-based SAMs thermally grafted on H- terminated silicon (111) via Si-C bond (Si-C SAMs) has been investigated by infrared spectroscopy. The SAM with reactive terminal group (-COOH) shows higher thermal stability than SAM with -CH3 termination. The decomposition of alkyl chains at high temperature is through β-hydride elimination with cleavage of Si-C bond. The alkene-based SAMs are further used as model systems to study reaction and nucleation processes in ALD. The ALD of aluminum oxide on SAM-functionalized silicon with various terminal groups (-CH3, - NH2, -COOH and -OH) was systematically investigated using in situ FTIR. The results show that all Si-C bound SAMs with different terminal groups efficiently eliminate the formation of unwanted interfacial silicon oxide during ALD growth. The results also show that aluminum oxide can grow on all terminations of SAM surfaces but in a type-dependent manner, forming more homogeneous films on the -NH2, -COOH surfaces and very non-homogeneous films on -CH3-terminated surfaces due to a lack of reactive nucleation sites at the starting CH3-terminated surface.
A Summary of Physiological Processes or Disorders in Fruits, Vegetables and Ornamental Products that are Delayed or Decreased, Increased, or Unaffected by Application of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) (2004)

The discovery and subsequent commercialization of 1-MCP has resulted in intense research interest around the world. A web site ( http://www.hort.cornell.edu/mcp/ ) has been developed which provides a summary of the effects of 1-MCP on climacteric (18 species) and non-climacteric (6) fruits, vegetables (13), fresh cut produce (5), cut flowers and pot plants (more than 50 species has been created. The site is updated on a regular basis. For edible crops, most citations are available for apple (32 citations) and banana (21 citations). The ornamental literature is much less concentrated, and most crops are represented by a single citation. For all commodities, the majority of research has been focused on quality responses of the various products to 1-MCP, although increasingly 1-MCP is being used to investigate physiological and biochemical events associated with development, ripening and/or senescence.