gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indoor environmental quality, occupant perception, prevalence of sick building syndrome symptoms, and sick leave in a Green Mark Platinum-rated versus a non-Green Mark-rated building: A case study (2015)

The Building and Construction Authority Green Mark Scheme in Singapore encourages better indoor environmental quality for healthier workplaces for occupants. However, studies have shown that green buildings do not necessary ensure better indoor environmental quality. This case study aimed to compare the prevalence of sick building syndrome symptoms and sick leave in a Green Mark Platinum and a non-Green Mark-certified building. Thirty-two employees from the Green Mark Platinum building and 33 employees from the non-Green Mark-rated building were surveyed to investigate their perceptions of the indoor environmental quality and prevalence of sick building syndrome experienced. Information concerning the offices and absenteeism of staff was collected as well. Compared to the Green Mark Platinum-certified building, the non-Green Mark-certified building was more leaky and had a higher air change rate (between 2.5 to 3 times higher), was about 1°C cooler, and had a lower illuminance level. The statistical analysis of the data showed that there are significant differences in occupant perception; the Green Mark Platinum-certified building was cooler (p = 0.002); had fresher cleaner air and less odor (p = 0.002), had more relaxed monitor/keyboard comfort (p = 0.029), and had more satisfactory ergonomics (p = 0.033) at a 95% confidence level. Findings also suggested that the most frequent symptoms in the non-Green Mark-certified building were dry or irritated throat (15.2%) and lethargy or tiredness (15.2%), whereas the most frequent symptoms in the Green Mark Platinum building were blocked or stuffy nose (12.5%), dry or irritated throat (12.5%), dry skin (12.5%), and lethargy or tiredness (12.5%). However, there is no statistically significant association between sick building syndrome symptoms and the offices (p > 0.05). Furthermore, analysis of the sick leave records failed to show that occupants in the Green Mark Platinum-certified building took fewer sick leave days as compared to the non-Green Mark building. This unexpected finding is not affirmative due to aberrations attributable to (i) differences in industry type between the offices studied, (ii) plausible settling in effects of occupants in the Green Mark Platinum-rated office, and (iii) high leakage characteristics of the non-rated office that resulted in an unintended 2.5 to 3 times higher air change rate (ventilation) compared to that of the Platinum-rated office.
Identification and proteomic profiling of biliary exosomes (2015)

Background & Aims: In previous studies the biliary proteome has been analyzed, showing a distinct set of proteins to be abundantly present in the bile fluid. Within these proteins there was a considerable amount of membranous and cytosolic proteins indicating a vesicular form of protein excretion within the biliary tract. We aimed to identify the possible secretion of exosomes into the bile fluid and characterize their biochemical and proteomic constitution.
Processing and characterization of durum wheat bread enriched with antioxidant from yellow pepper flour (2014)

The effect of the addition of yellow pepper flour on bread physico-chemical and sensorial properties was addressed in this study. In particular, vegetable flour concentration was set at 25%; in order to optimize the bread sensorial properties, yellow pepper flour was separately hydrated at three different water content levels. Texture analysis were carried out on both dough and bread samples to evaluate their firmness. Furthermore, tomographic analysis was performed on the same samples in order to provide a more detailed view of their texture. Estimation of the glycemic response, determination of the carotenoids content and sensory analysis of the fortified bread were also determined. Results highlighted that the highest glycemic index was achieved in bread sample having the highest water content and that showed the worst results in terms of texture. Among the studied samples, bread with medium hydration level showed good structural characteristic, double anti-oxidant content compared to the control bread (CTRL S) and the highest sensorial quality.
Fast and Ultrasensitive Detection of a Nerve Agent Simulant Using Carbazole-Based Nanofibers with Amplified Ratiometric Fluorescence Responses (2018)

In this work, we report the fast and ultrasensitive detection of a nerve agent simulant in the gas phase, diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP), by using carbazole-based nanofibers from 1. When exposed to trace DCP, the formed pyridine-phosphorylated product in 1 nanofibers can cause amplified ratiometric fluorescence responses, i.e., amplified fluorescence quenching via quenching excitons within the diffusion length of 1 nanofibers and simultaneously amplified turn-on fluorescence responses via harvesting excitons within the diffusion length to give the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) emission at a longer wavelength. On the basis of these amplified ratiometric fluorescence responses, detection of DCP with fast response (ca. 3 s), ultrasensitivity (4 ppb), and improved selectivity is achieved.
DNA damage and necroptosis induced by peroxidase from proso millet in human colorectal cancer cells (2021)

Purpose: To investigate the effects of cationic peroxidase from proso millet (PmPOD) on DNA damage and necroptosis in human colon cancer HCT116 and HT29 cells.&#x0D; Methods: Cell necroptosis and cell cycle was stained using Annexin V-FITC and cell cycle kits, respectively, and evaluated by flow cytometry. Lipid raft on the membrane was disrupted by cholesterol depletion and the location of PmPOD observed by confocal microscopy. Comet assays were used to detect DNA damage, and different inhibitors were also used. Knockdown of p53 or ectopic p53 expression in HCT116 cells were transfected p53 siRNA and pCMV3-TP53-myc plasmid, and p53 expression analyzed by western blotting.&#x0D; Results: Pre-treatment of HCT116 and HT29 cell lines with the specific necroptosis inhibitor Nec-1 prevented PmPOD-induced necroptosis, whereas the apoptosis inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, had no effect. The entry of PmPOD is necessary for induction of DNA damage and necroptosis. Furthermore, PmPOD induced cell cycle arrest at S phase, as well as DNA DSBs in vivo, as reflected by numerous γ-H2AX foci in CRC cells. However, the tumor suppressor protein, p53, alleviated PmPOD-induced DNA damage and necroptosis.&#x0D; Conclusions: These results demonstrate that PmPOD-induced DNA DSBs in CRC cells is the main cause of necroptosis, and that the tumor suppressor protein, p53, alleviates PmPOD-induced necroptosis by promoting p53-mediated repair pathways.
Real-time registration of 3D echo to x-ray fluoroscopy based on cascading classifiers and image registration (2021)

Three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is one of the most significant advances in cardiac imaging. Although TEE provides real-time 3D visualization of heart tissues and blood vessels and has no ionizing radiation, x-ray fluoroscopy still dominates in guidance of cardiac interventions due to TEE having a limited field of view and poor visualization of surgical instruments. Therefore, fusing 3D echo with live x-ray images can provide a better guidance solution. This paper proposes a novel framework for image fusion by detecting the pose of the TEE probe in x-ray images in real-time. The framework does not require any manual initialization. Instead it uses a cascade classifier to compute the position and in-plane rotation angle of the TEE probe. The remaining degrees of freedom are determined by fast marching against a template library. The proposed framework is validated on phantoms and patient data. The target registration error for the phantom was 2.1 mm. In addition, 10 patient datasets, seven of which were acquired from cardiac electrophysiology procedures and three from trans-catheter aortic valve implantation procedures, were used to test the clinical feasibility as well as accuracy. A mean registration error of 2.6 mm was achieved, which is well within typical clinical requirements.
Operation strategies for a flexible megawatt scale electrolysis system for synthesis gas and hydrogen production with direct air capture of carbon dioxide (2022)

An in-depth investigation of operation strategies for hydrogen and synthesis gas production using reactors with solid oxide cells.
Recent clinical pearls from clinical trials in glaucoma (2012)

These four studies have furthered our understanding of the field of glaucoma and provided key insights into the medical and surgical management of patients with this complex disease.
Practical Synthesis of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Upregulator, N-[1-(3-Phenylpropane-1-yl)piperidin-4-yl]-5-thia-1,8b-diazaacenaphthylene-4- carboxamide (2002)

A shorter and more practical method for the preparation of N-[1-(3-phenylpropane-1-yl)piperidin-4-yl]-5-thia-1,8b-diazaacenaphthylene-4-carboxamide (4) as an upregulator of the LDL receptor has been developed. 1-(3-Phenylpropyl)piperidin-4-amine (7) was synthesized with 71% yield by the alkylation of 4-aminopyridine (5) with 3-phenylpropylbromide followed by reduction with NaBH4 in the presence of base in a mixture of 2-propanol and methanol. The addition of base (1 equiv), for example, KOH and NaOMe, in the above reduction afforded a decrease of 1-(3-phenylpropyl)-N-[1-(3-phenylpropyl)piperidin-4-yl]piperidin-4-amine (8) to increase the yield of 7. The amidation of 5-thia-1,8b-diazaacenaphthylene-4-carboxylic acid (1) with the primary amine (7) using EDCI in the presence of HOBt (0.2 equiv) provided 4 in 94% yield.
Weakly-supervised Contextualization of Knowledge Graph Facts (2018)

Knowledge graphs (KGs) model facts about the world; they consist of nodes (entities such as companies and people) that are connected by edges (relations such as founderOf ). Facts encoded in KGs are frequently used by search applications to augment result pages. When presenting a KG fact to the user, providing other facts that are pertinent to that main fact can enrich the user experience and support exploratory information needs. \em KG fact contextualization is the task of augmenting a given KG fact with additional and useful KG facts. The task is challenging because of the large size of KGs; discovering other relevant facts even in a small neighborhood of the given fact results in an enormous amount of candidates. We introduce a neural fact contextualization method (\em NFCM ) to address the KG fact contextualization task. NFCM first generates a set of candidate facts in the neighborhood of a given fact and then ranks the candidate facts using a supervised learning to rank model. The ranking model combines features that we automatically learn from data and that represent the query-candidate facts with a set of hand-crafted features we devised or adjusted for this task. In order to obtain the annotations required to train the learning to rank model at scale, we generate training data automatically using distant supervision on a large entity-tagged text corpus. We show that ranking functions learned on this data are effective at contextualizing KG facts. Evaluation using human assessors shows that it significantly outperforms several competitive baselines.
Calciumantagonisten bei chronischer Niereninsuffizienz: Unerwünschte Effekte auf die glomeruläre Hämodynamik? (2008)

Seven patients with glomerular proteinuria and hypertension (six with biopsy confirmation of glomerulonephritis, one with proteinuria after unilateral nephrectomy) were randomly given, for 14 days each, a calcium antagonist and then a conversion enzyme inhibitor, or vice versa, following a 14-day pause of all medication. Fractional albuminuria rose significantly during administration of calcium antagonists (P less than 0.05), while it decreased significantly during administration of converting enzyme inhibitor (P less than 0.05). The explanation for this finding may be that calcium antagonists raise glomerular capillary pressure by dilating the afferent arterioles, while converting enzyme inhibitors predominantly cause dilatation of the efferent arterioles.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Frailty? (2017)

Frailty is a medical syndrome associated with advancing age characterized by reduced functional reserve, strength, endurance, and susceptibility to infection associated with high morbidity, hospitalization, and death. Nonspecific interventions to improve the healthspan of affected patients include physical therapy, exercise, improved nutrition, etc. Among the hallmarks of aging, depletion of stem cells with resultant compromise of regeneration and repair of tissues informs a rational stem cell-based replacement strategy. This hypothesis has been evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial utilizing human allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (allo-hMSCs), a facile, scalable stem cell replacement therapy. Intravenous infusion of 100 or 200 million allo-hMSCs was deemed safe in aged frail individuals. However, modest improvement outcomes were limited to the lower dose, a finding that remains difficult to explain. Future studies are definitely warranted given the magnitude of this increasingly important medical syndrome.
EFFECTS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON THERMOREGULATION DURING EXERCISE (1983)

Pierce Foundation Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519 and US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760
Layer-by-layer self assembly deposition and characterization of TiO2nanoparticles by using a short chain polycation (2009)

Using low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI), transparent thin films of TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by layer-by-layer self assembly method. UV-visible spectrophotometry was employed in a quantitative manner to monitor the adsorbed mass of TiO2 and PEI after each dip cycle. The adsorption of both TiO2 and PEI showed a saturation dip time of 10 min. The effect of dip time on the growth mode and surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and non-contact atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that growth proceeds in the form of laterally broad islands in case of short dip times, and taller but laterally smaller islands in case of longer dip times. A model was proposed which describes the role of dip time on the lateral growth of TiO2 islands. Low molecular weight PEI resulted in around 25% less adsorption of PEI and TiO2 in comparison with high molecular weight PEI, but because of lower remaining ash, could be promising for dye-sensitized solar cell photoelectrode applications, in which removal of polyelectrolyte after the formation of thin film enhances the electrical properties and therefore the efficiency of solar cell.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors correct the cholesterol storage defect in most NPC1 mutant cells (2016)

Abstract Niemann Pick C disease (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disorder that leads to excessive storage of cholesterol and other lipids in late endosomes and lysosomes. The large majority of NPC disease is caused by mutations in NPC1, a large polytopic membrane protein that functions in late endosomes. There are many disease-associated mutations in NPC1, and most patients are compound heterozygotes. The most common mutation NPC1 I1061T has been shown to cause endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation of the NPC1 protein. Treatment of patient derived NPC1 I1061T fibroblasts with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) Vorinostat or Panobinostat increases expression of the mutant NPC1 protein and leads to correction of the cholesterol storage. Herein we show that several other human NPC1 mutant fibroblast cell lines can also be corrected by Vorinostat or Panobinostat and that treatment with Vorinostat extends the lifetime of the NPC1 I1061T protein. To test effects of HDACi on a large number of NPC1 mutants, we engineered a U2OS cell line to suppress NPC1 expression by shRNA and then transiently transfected these cells with 81 different NPC1 mutant constructs. The mutant NPC1 did not significantly reduce cholesterol accumulation, but approximately 80% of the mutants showed reduced cholesterol accumulation when treated with Vorinostat or Panobinostat.
Effective Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Media by a New Design of Cu–Mg Binary Ferrite (2020)

Metal oxides and their composites have been extensively studied as effective adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions in environmental remediation. In this work, Cu<sub>0.5</sub>Mg<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was synthesized by a co-precipitation method followed by calcination (900 °C) and investigated for Pb(II) adsorption. The resultant samples were characterized by various analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction, N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed that single-phase cubic spinel was obtained by the calcination of as-synthesized samples at a temperature of 900 °C. Cu<sub>0.5</sub>Mg<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> ferrite is a mesoporous material with a surface area, a total pore volume, and an average pore size of 41.3 m<sup>2</sup>/g, 0.2 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, and 15.1 nm, respectively. Pb(II) adsorption on Cu<sub>0.5</sub>Mg<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> fitted well to the Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption with a maximum capacity of 57.7 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model can exactly describe Pb(II) adsorption with the normalized standard deviation (Δ<i>q</i>) of 1.24%. The obtained results confirmed that the Cu<sub>0.5</sub>Mg<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> ternary oxides exhibit a high adsorption capacity toward Pb(II), thanks to the increase in active adsorptive sites of ferrite.
Extracellular magnesium and calcium reduce myotonia in isolated ClC‐1 chloride channel‐inhibited human muscle (2014)

These findings suggest that variations in symptoms in myotonia congenita patients may arise from physiological variations in serum Mg(2+) and Ca(2+).
IDENTIFICATION OF THE POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS INVOLVED IN THE CROSS-LINKING OF FIBRIN (1969)

The stabilization of fibrin clots by activated factor XIII involves two different sets of cross-linked chains. In one case (type I) two gamma-chains are linked to each other, indicating that gamma-chains have both donor (suitable lysyl-) and acceptor (suitable glutaminyl-) functions. A second system (type II) consists of a gamma-chain linked to an alpha-chain. Experiments with a substitute donor (glycine ethylester) indicate that only gamma-chains have enzyme-accessible acceptor sites, suggesting that alpha-chain participation is limited to lysyl side chains. A model molecular arrangement for fibrin has been suggested which accommodates all the data.
Prestack waveform inversion: An onshore application in the U S Gulf Coast (2007)

Onshore exploration depends mostly on imaging to define structure and stratigraphy. The amplitude from stack cube or AVO response are used qualitatively to gauge fluid content. In this onshore case study, we have well control as well as proposed locations. The prestack waveform inversion was performed after our initial campaign of drilling so new well information could be incorporated in the model. The goal of the inversion is to help in evaluating whether to participate in a well or not. The inversion result gives us extra information to make such decision. Prestack waveform inversion techology has seen a rather limited application over the last 20 years in the seismic industry. A few applications of prestack waveform inversion have been reported in the past few years (Mallick 1999, Roy, et. al 2004, Lau et al, 2005). The main reason for the limited application was the lack of robustness of the prestack waveform inversion and the computational inefficiency of the numerical optimization employed. This case study demonstrates the accuracy of the methodology by virtue of elastic parameter prediction ahead of the well drilling and its computational efficiency in terms of turn around time.
Drop Impact Life Prediction Model for Wafer Level Chip Scale Packages (2006)

The demand for small, portable handheld electronic devices has led OEMs to reduce packaging sizes of all types and to create many choices to meet market demand. Wafer-level chip scale package (WL-CSP) is the newest technology to compete with CSP and near-CSP packaging, and has evolved under JEDEC MO-211 standard. This bare-die bumped package is able to reduce single-gate logic sizes by as much as 84%, and offer significant area savings, improved package electrical parasitics and power dissipation over leaded CSP and CSP-BGA packages. However, little is known about its mechanical performance under shock impact and how it is compared to its CSP counterparts, which is of utmost importance in handheld electronics. In this paper, a drop impact life prediction model is established for WL-CSP with excellent correlation with experimental values. Critical bump location, crack initiation site and failure mode found in failure analysis shows that the simulation model is able to give accurate qualitative and quantitative prediction and understanding of physics involved in drop impact failure of WL-CSP. With an accurate impact life prediction model, one can further establish design guidelines, such as to determine the largest bumped die allowable to still meet the number of drops before failure occur. Effects of design parameters such as solder bump pitch, solder diameter, solder standoff, and solder material (lead-free vs. eutectic) on solder joint reliability under drop impact testing are discussed in this paper. One key finding is that a smaller bump pitch results in a better drop impact performance, which is verified by both simulation and experiment. Hence, miniaturization of WLCSP with reduction in bump pitch has a positive impact on its board level drop reliability. It is also interesting to note that the distance-to-neutral-point (DNP) effect must be considered in the PCB length direction where the bending mode dominates. This is different from typical thermal cycling where the DNP effect is usually considered in the diagonal direction.
Consideration on the Critical Group, with Respect to Radioactive Waste Management (2002)

In this paper the concept of critical group is regulated following the historical flow and evolved to concrete application field. In the consideration of radiation protection to the member of public, the direct pickup of individual is scarce. In such a case, the concept of critical group is usually used, which is a concept of group handling of public radiation protection. Critical group is defined as a small group having homogeneous factors, i.e. age, dietary habits etc., which affect the estimation of radiation dose, and represent an individual who is expecting to receive the highest dose in the population.Critical group is usually used as an important concept in case of the estimations of nuclear facility siting and safety of radioactive waste disposal. This concept is used for dealing with a population from a part of the public radiation protection, coping with the concept of collective dose. As a result of investigation and discussion, the points and subjects are summarized as follows: (1) evolution of critical group concept in ICRP, IAEA etc., (2) concrete examples of critical group concept application, (3) especially, application of critical group concept in the field of radioactive waste management.
Investigations on I-V curve asymmetry of the plasma in gas discharge (2006)

The I-V curve of the plasma in gas discharge is measured using dual probe method,and an asymmetry of I-V curve is observed.The asymmetry may be caused by the different surface area of the two probes or by the different electric potential of the two probes in the plasma,but theoretical analysis and experimental results indicated that the different electronic potential is responsible for the asymmetry.