gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aggregation State of Pt−Au/C Bimetallic Catalysts Prepared by Surface Redox Reactions (2000)

The bimetallic catalysts Pt−Au/C (graphite) were prepared by selectively depositing Au on supported monometallic Pt/C catalysts by means of the reduction “in situ” of AuCl4-. The parent metal (Pt) was used as the reducing agent for the direct redox reactions (“DR”), while the second redox method used was the refilling method (“RE”), which consisted in adsorbing hydrogen first on the parent metal (Pt) and subsequently reducing the AuCl4- species by contact with the Pt−H interface at low temperature. The catalysts Pt−Au/C were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The interaction between Pt and Au was explored at the nanometer scale by means of EDS and HREM, with the aim of characterizing the aggregation state of the metals in the Pt−Au/C systems prepared by the novel redox methods. The composition of the individual metal particles of the solids “as-prepared” (i.e., DR−A and RE−B) indicated the presence of both metals, Pt and Au. However, a thermal reduction at 300 °C under H2 seems to redistribute the Au phase in the DR−A solids, then the particles remain bimetallic, but in the RE−B solids the Au concentration increases substantially; Au migrates toward the small particles (i.e., 5 ≤ D ≤ 7 nm), while the bigger particles (i.e., D ≥ 10 nm) show almost pure Pt. A partial Au coating of certain Pt facets is probable, which indicates that the coating mechanism is selective and could influence the catalytic properties of the bimetallic Pt−Au/C catalysts.
Characterization of single- and multilayer cold-spray coating of Zn on AZ31B (2021)

Zinc, a soft material with a low melting point and high corrosion resistance, was coated onto AZ31B Mg alloy using different cold spraying process parameters. The physical and mechanical properties of the resulting Zn/AZ31B samples were then investigated to explore the effect of the process parameters on the microstructural and mechanical characteristics. The results obtained via X-ray diffraction show the formation of an intermetallic material at the interface of Zn/AZ31B even at low process temperatures. In addition, spherical droplets of Zn were observed at the surface, confirming the partial melting of Zn particles during the impact. This partial melting is believed to lead to the formation of intermetallic compounds during solidification. To engineer the residual stress induced in the cold spraying process, a thin layer of dense Zn was then used as an intermediate layer before coating with Al7075, forming a multilayered surface of Al7075/Zn/AZ31B. Because of the higher thermal expansion coefficient of Zn compared with those of Al7075 and AZ31B, beneficial compressive residual stress could be created in all three layers of this novel multilayer deposition. Without the Zn interlayer, Al7075/AZ31B under the same coating parameters exhibited undesirable tensile residual stress in the substrate.
TYPE-II SUPERLATTICES AND VARIABLE OVERLAP SUPERLATTICES IN TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION SWITCHES FOR THE LONGWAVE INFRARED (1993)

We derive explicit criteria for the properties required of a semiconductor nonlinear medium suitable for use in all-optical switching devices employing total internal reflection. Transmission as a function of laser intensity and film thickness has been calculated using a realistic model for penetration of the evanescent beam under TIR conditions. Requirements based on these results include a large nonlinear refractive index, large index change at saturation and small absorption coefficient. We show that unlike previously-studied semimetals and narrow-gap semiconductors, Type-II superlattices such as InAs-GaSb and variable-overlap superlattices (variants of Type-II which include a spacer between the layer containing the conduction-band minimum and that containing the valence band maximum) such as InAs-AlSb-GaSb hold prospects for satisfying all of these requirements simultaneously. As the free carrier lifetime will have a crucial influence on device performance, we have initiated a systematic experimental study of electron-hole recombination in InAs-based superlattices. From degenerate and nondegenerate four-wave mixing experiments, we have also determined nonlinear optical coefficients as a function of difference frequency and intensity. An InAs-GaSb superlattice has been found to display a refractive index change of ≈ 0.1, as well as device figures of merit which slightly surpasses any previously reported for weakly-saturating nonlinearities at CO 2 wavelengths. It is anticipated that future experiments on Type-II superlattices with longer lifetimes may yield nearly two orders of magnitude additional improvement in the nonlinear refractive index.
ASAP++: Enriching the ASAP Automated Essay Grading Dataset with Essay Attribute Scores (2018)

In this paper, we describe the creation of a resource - ASAP++ - which is basically annotations of the Automatic Student Assessment Prize's Automatic Essay Grading dataset. These annotations are scores for different attributes of the essays, such as content, word choice, organization, sentence fluency, etc. Each of these essays is scored by an annotator. We also report the results of each of the attributes using a Random Forest Classifier using a baseline set of attribute independent features as described by Zesch et al. (2015). We release and share this resource to facilitate further research into these attributes of essay grading. © LREC 2018 - 11th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. All rights reserved.
On the Photoabsorption Cross Section of Uranium Metal (1985)

The total photoionization cross section for uranium has been calculated in the energy range 60–540eV using local-density based random phase approximation (LDRPA). The result is compared to compilations of experimental photoabsorption data and is found to clear up a number of discrepancies between experiment and other calculations the region between onset of 5d- and 4f-absorption.
Photorefractive asymmetric Fabry–Pérot quantum wells: Transverse-field geometry (1995)

Photorefractive asymmetric Fabry–Pérot quantum-well structures yield significantly enhanced diffraction during four-wave mixing by employing the sensitive amplitude and phase control of multiple-beam interference within the device. We present an Al0.1Ga0.9As/GaAs photorefractive quantum-well device with a near optimal input diffraction efficiency of 0.36% and an AlAs/GaAs quantum-well device with an output diffraction efficiency of 200%.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLEKULARE WASSERSTOFF‐UEBERTRAGUNG BEI DER UMWANDLUNG VON D‐GLUCOSE IN 2‐(HYDROXYACETYL)‐FURAN (1973)

Abstract D‐Fructose (I) liefert über die Zwischenstufen (II)‐(IV) das 2‐Hydroxyacetyl‐ furan (V), das in geringerer Ausbeute auch aus D‐Glucose erhalten werden kann.
Thermal Imaging and Analysis for Breast Tumor Detection (2007)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, except for non-melanoma skin cancers. Women in North America have the highest rate of breast cancer in the world and the chance of a woman developing this cancer is 13% (ACS). Resulting deaths have been decreasing mainly due to early detection and increased awareness. This study analyzes the use of a thermogram as a potential method for breast cancer detection. The breast is evaluated by an infrared camera and a temperature profile is produced. Proper study of the image can show if a tumor is present. A computer simulation of this procedure was used to model the temperature profile and its change as certain parameters vary. Results show that in the present of a tumor, there is a difference in surface temperature of the breast. Input values such as tumor size, tumor location, heat transfer coefficients, and perfusion rates were varied to determine the reliability of a positive result despite differences in each unique breast from woman to woman.
The Relationship of Cerebral Vessel Pathology to Brain Microinfarcts (2016)

The relationship of cerebral vessel pathology to brain microinfarcts is not fully understood. We examined associations of cerebral vessel pathology with microinfarcts among community-dwelling persons who came to autopsy. Brain specimens were derived from 1,066 deceased subjects (mean age-at-death = 88 years, 65% women) participating in a cohort study of aging. Microinfarcts were classified by number, age and location. Severity of vessel pathologies was graded semi-quantitatively. Almost a third of subjects (n = 300; 28%) had at least one chronic microinfarct, including 128 cortical only, 120 subcortical only, and 47 with both. Moderate-to-severe atherosclerosis was present in 430 (41%) subjects, arteriolosclerosis in 382 (36%), and amyloid angiopathy in 374 (35%). The odds of one or multiple microinfarct(s) was increased for more severe atherosclerosis (OR =1.22; 95%CI: 1.03-1.45), arteriolosclerosis (OR =1.18; 95%CI: 1.02-1.37) and amyloid angiopathy (OR =1.13; 95%CI: 1.00-1.28). Separately, the odds of subcortical microinfarct(s) was increased for atherosclerosis (OR =1.49; 95%CI: 1.20-1.84) and arteriolosclerosis (OR =1.39; 95%CI: 1.16-1.67) but not amyloid angiopathy; whereas the odds of cortical microinfarct(s) was increased for amyloid angiopathy (OR =1.26; 95%CI: 1.09-1.46) only. While cerebral vessel pathologies are associated with microinfarct burden, atherosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis are associated with subcortical microinfarcts, and amyloid angiopathy with cortical microinfarcts.
MAGNETIC SYSTEM FOR VESSEL POSITIONING THROUGH CANAL LOCKS (2003)

Primary PCI is the most effective reperfusion strategy for the elderly patients presenting with STEMI.
Objective analysis of harvest quality by Fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and neuron networks) (2001)

We have developed a Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-based expression vector for the production of heterologous proteins in plants. Cell-to-cell movement of CMV is dependent on the presence of coat protein (CP). Previous studies have shown that deletion of 33 amino acids (aa) from the carboxy-terminus of the 3a movement protein facilitates cell-to-cell movement that is independent of CP. The CMV-based expression vector that we have designed utilizes this truncated 3a protein, allowing the expression of target genes from the strong CP subgenomic promoter and without the need for providing CP in trans for cell-to-cell spread. Using this vector we achieved expression levels of ~450 mg/kg leaf tissue of green fluorescent protein (GFP) when the vector was delivered into Nicotiana benthamiana plants by agroinfiltration. Human growth hormone (hGH), on the other hand, accumulated to ~170 mg/kg of leaf tissue when the same approach was used to deliver the vector.
Adaptive learning in computing for non-native speakers (2014)

A significant proportion of e-Learning resources for engineering and computing education appear to be exclusively in English, requiring many learners to adapt themselves to learning within an English language context. Adaptive learning has a role to play in minimizing this adjustment and strengthening the learning. This research plans to understand learning needs, and take a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach to create algorithms to supply online learning experiences and content to meet these needs, adding novel mechanisms to help learners cope, develop their language capabilities, and enhance their ability to learn in another language. This work-in-progress describes the early stages of the research and we welcome insights into taxonomies of adaptive learning techniques, and mixed methods approaches to evaluating learning effectiveness, for those learning in an additional language.
Effect of Topical Ginkgo biloba Extract on Steroid-Induced Changes in the Trabecular Meshwork and Intraocular Pressure (2008)

Ginkgo biloba extract could be a therapeutic agent or dietary supplement to prevent steroid-induced ocular hypertension.
Family history and oral health: findings from the Dunedin Study (2011)

People with poor oral health tend to have parents with poor oral health. Family/parental history of oral health is a valid representation of the intricacies of the shared genetic and environmental factors that contribute to an individual's oral health status. Associations are strongest when data from both parents can be obtained.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Export of a Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry neck protein complex at the host cell membrane to form the moving junction during invasion. (2009)

One of the most conserved features of the invasion process in Apicomplexa parasites is the formation of a moving junction (MJ) between the apex of the parasite and the host cell membrane that moves along the parasite and serves as support to propel it inside the host cell. The MJ was, up to a recent period, completely unknown at the molecular level. Recently, proteins originated from two distinct post-Golgi specialised secretory organelles, the micronemes (for AMA1) and the neck of the rhoptries (for RON2/RON4/RON5 proteins), have been shown to form a complex. AMA1 and RON4 in particular, have been localised to the MJ during invasion. Using biochemical approaches, we have identified RON8 as an additional member of the complex. We also demonstrated that all RON proteins are present at the MJ during invasion. Using metabolic labelling and immunoprecipitation, we showed that RON2 and AMA1 were able to interact in the absence of the other members. We also discovered that all MJ proteins are subjected to proteolytic maturation during trafficking to their respective organelles and that they could associate as non-mature forms in vitro. Finally, whereas AMA1 has previously been shown to be inserted into the parasite membrane upon secretion, we demonstrated, using differential permeabilization and loading of RON-specific antibodies into the host cell, that the RON complex is targeted to the host cell membrane, where RON4/5/8 remain associated with the cytoplasmic face. Globally, these results point toward a model of MJ organization where the parasite would be secreting and inserting interacting components on either side of the MJ, both at the host and at its own plasma membranes. PMID: 19247437
Molecular Evidence for Independent Occurrence of IS 6110 Insertions at the Same Sites of the Genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Different Clinical Isolates (2001)

Several characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (e.g., conserved genome and low growth rate) have severely restricted the study of the microorganism. The discovery of IS6110 raised hopes of overcoming these obstacles. However, our knowledge of this IS element is relatively limited; even its two basic characteristics (transposition mechanism and target site selection) are far from well understood. In this study, IS6110 insertions in ipl loci (iplA and iplB) in two collections of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis from different geographic locations, one from Scotland and the other from Thailand, were investigated. Five different IS6110 insertions in the loci were identified: ipl-4::IS6110, ipl-5::IS6110, ipl-11::IS6110, ipl-12::IS6110, and ipl-13::IS6110. An attempt to establish the phylogenetic relationship of the isolates containing these insertions was unsuccessful, suggesting that some of these insertions may have arisen from more than one event. This possibility is further supported by the observation that IS6110 copies existed in the same site but with different orientations in different isolates, and the insertion site of ipl-1::IS6110 harbored IS6110 copies in both iplA and iplB in different strains. All these suggest the independent occurrence of IS6110 insertions at the same sites of the genome of M. tuberculosis in different clinical isolates. The implications of this finding are discussed.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of vicenisaminyltransferase VinC (2008)

A recombinant glycosyltransferase, VinC, from Streptomyces halstedii HC34 has been crystallized at 293 K using PEG 3350 as precipitant. The diffraction pattern of the crystal extends to 2.0 A resolution at 100 K using synchrotron radiation at SPring-8. The crystals are orthorhombic and belong to space group I222, with unit-cell parameters a = 98.21, b = 130.39, c = 140.11 A. The presence of two molecules per asymmetric unit gives a crystal volume per protein weight (V(M)) of 2.43 A(3) Da(-1) and a solvent content of 49.5% by volume.
Tuning noise in gene expression (2015)

The relative contribution of promoter architecture and the associated chromatin environment in regulating gene expression noise has remained elusive. In their recent work, Arkin, Schaffer and colleagues (Dey et al, 2015) show that mean expression and noise for a given promoter at different genomic loci are uncorrelated and influenced by the local chromatin environment.
Nucleotide Sequence of a cDNA Encoding Mitochondrial Malate Dehydrogenase from Eucalyptus (1995)

EC 1.1.1.37), which reversibly converts oxaloacetate to malate, is ubiq- uitous in nature because of its vital role in numerous cellular processes. Eukaryotes contain multiple forms of MDH, involved in different metabolic pathways and lo- cated in different subcellular compartments. In higher plants, there are three NAD-dependent forms located in the cytoplasm, the mitochondria, the microbodies, and an NADP-dependent form present in chloroplast. These isoen- zymes encoded by different nuclear genes are synthesized in the cytoplasm and imported to their respective or- ganelles. The process is facilitated by the presence of a leader sequence at the amino-terminal end of the precursor protein. mMDH in higher plants participates in three different pathways: (a) the tricarboxylic acid cycle, (b) the conver- sion of Gly to Ser in cooperation with peroxisomes, and (c) the supply of CO, for fixation in bundle sheath in chloro- plasts for
Combined stochastic and discrete simulation to optimise the economics of mixed single-horizontal and multilateral well offshore oil developments (2021)

Multilateral wells promise cost savings to oil and fields as they have the potential to reduce overall drilling distances and minimize the number of slots required for the surface facility managing the well. However, drilling a multilateral well does not always increase the flow rate when compared to two single-horizontal wells due to competition in production inside the mother-bore. Here, a holistic approach is proposed to find the optimum balance between single and multilateral wells in an offshore oil development. In so doing, the integrated approach finds the highest Net Present Value (NPV) configuration of the field considering drilling, subsurface, production and financial analysis. The model employs stochastic perturbation and Markov Chain Monte-Carlo methods to solve the global maximising-NPV problem. In addition, a combination of Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP), an improved Dijkstra algorithm and a Levenberg-Marquardt optimiser is proposed to solve the rate allocation problem. With the outcome from this analysis, the model suggests the optimum development including number of multilateral and single horizontal wells that would result in the highest NPV. The results demonstrate the potential for modelling to find the optimal use of petroleum facilities and to assist with planning and decision making.
Specification and design of embedded hardware-software systems (1995)

Embedded-system specification and design consists of describing a system's desired functionality and mapping that functionality for implementation by a set of system components such as processors, ASICs, memories, and buses. This paper discusses the key problems of system specification and design, including specification capture, design exploration, hierarchical modeling, software and hardware synthesis, and cosimulation. The authors highlight existing tools and methods for solving those problems and describe a "specify-explore-refine" methodology for meeting today's embedded-system product development requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Pyranosyl‐oligonucleotides (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pyrimidine-2,4-diamines as antiplasmodial antifolates (2020)

Two series of substituted pyrimidine-2,4-diamines with a flexible side chain at either the 5-or 6-position of the pyrimdine ring were designed as potential inhibitors of P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The compounds were synthesised and evaluated for antiplasmodial activity in vitro against a cycloguanil-resistant strain of the P. falciparum parasite. 5-(3-(3,5-Dichlorophenoxy)propyl)-6-phenylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine was identified as the most promising compound (IC 50 0.86 M). In general, pyrimidine-2,4-diamines substituted at the 5-position of the pyrimidine ring showed better antiplasmodial activity (IC 50 0.86 -26.55 M ) than those bearing a modified side chain at the 6-position of the pyrimidine ring (IC 50 4.46 -83.45 M).
Layout Optimalisation for Bipolar Power Transistors (1995)

The layout of bipolar power devices for e.g. (audio) amplifier applications has to be such that for a given chip-area the maximum amount of power can be dissipated. High dissipation can be a result of a large V ce , large I c or a combination of both. It is known that thermal and electrical instabilities can occur in localised areas of the transistor, limiting the overall capabilities of the structure [1]. To optimise the layout a full 3D simulation of the device is necessary including surrounding silicon. Lumped circuit modelling [2] has been applied here to determine the overall thermal resistance for different layouts; the lower the thermal resistance for a certain area, the better the layout.
S1‐04–05: Genetics of human memory (2008)

Human memory is a variable, genetically complex and heritable trait. Because genetic factors have an important impact on this fundamental brain function the identification of memory-related genes and gene-clusters is instrumental for the understanding of memory-related disorders. A combination of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), candidate gene approaches (gene clustering) and functional MRI (fMRI) in independent populations which are carefully tested for episodic memory performance and for the presence or absence of Alzheimer's disease. Variability of human memory performance is related to variability in genes encoding proteins of a signaling cascade, including NMDA receptor, metabotrobic glutamate receptor, adenylyl cyclase, CAMKII, PKA and PKC. fMRI reveals that this genetic profile correlates with activations in memory-related brain regions. The GWAS reveals the existence of novel genes significantly related to human memory performance, brain activation and to the risk for developing Alzheimer's disease. The search for genes related to human memory processes provides new insights into the genetic basis of this cognitive ability and will ultimately promote the targeted treatment of memory disorders by identifying relevant genetic pathways in humans.