gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement Learning With High-Dimensional, Continuous Actions (1993)

Abstract : Many reinforcement learning systems, such as Q-learning (Watkins, 1989), or advantage updating (Baird, 1993), require that a function f(x,u) be learned, and that the value of argmax f(x,u) be calculated quickly for any given x. The function f could be learned by a function approximation system such as a multilayer preceptron, but the maximum of f for a given x cannot found analytically and is difficult to approximate numerically for high-dimensional u vectors. A new method is proposed, wire fitting, in which a function approximation system is used to learn a set of functions called control wires, and the function f is found by fitting a surface to the control wires. Wire fitting has the following four properties: (1) any continuous f function can represented to any desired accuracy given sufficient parameters; (2) the function f(x,u) can be evaluated quickly; (3) argmax f(x,u) can found exactly in constant time after evaluating f(x,U); (4) wire fitting can incorporate any general function approximation system. These four properties are discussed and it is shown how wire fitting can be combined with a memory-based learning system and Q-learning to control an inverted-pendulum system
Heparin-binding Growth Factor, Pleiotrophin, Mediates Neuritogenic Activity of Embryonic Pig Brain-derived Chondroitin Sulfate/Dermatan Sulfate Hybrid Chains (2005)

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) chains play roles in the central nervous system. Most notably, CS/DS hybrid chains (E-CS/DS) purified from embryonic pig brains bind growth factors and promote neurite outgrowth toward embryonic mouse hippocampal neurons in culture. However, the neuritogenic mechanism is not well understood. Here we showed that pleiotrophin (PTN), a heparin-binding growth factor, produced mainly by glia cells, was the predominant binding partner for E-CS/DS in the membrane-associated protein fraction of neonatal rat brain. The CS/DS chains were separated on a PTN column into unbound, low affinity, and high affinity fractions. The latter two fractions promoted outgrowth of dendrite- and axon-like neurites, respectively, whereas the unbound fraction showed no such activity. The activity of the low affinity fraction was abolished by an anti-PTN antibody or when glia cells were removed from the culture. In contrast, the high affinity fraction displayed activity under both these conditions. Hence, PTN mainly from glia cells mediated the activity of the low affinity but not the high affinity fraction. The anti-CS antibody 473HD neutralized the neuritogenic activities of both fractions. Interaction analysis indicated that the 473HD epitope and PTN-binding domains in the E-CS/DS chains largely overlap. The three affinity subfractions differed in disaccharide composition and the distribution of l-iduronic acid-containing disaccharides along the chains. Oversulfated disaccharides and nonconsecutive iduronic acid-containing units were the requirements for the E-CS/DS chains to bind PTN and to exhibit the neuritogenic activities. Thus, CS subpopulations with distinct structures in the mammalian brain play different roles in neuritogenesis through distinct molecular mechanisms, at least in part by regulating the functions of growth factors.
Energy reversal of light- and heavy-hole excitons bound to isoelectronic centers (2018)

Isoelectronic centers in semiconductor hosts offer convenient optical access to both heavy- and light-hole states, thus providing powerful resources for the ultrafast control of electron or hole spins. From a detailed analysis of the fine structure of excitons bound to isoelectronic defects of ${C}_{s}$ symmetry formed by two nitrogen impurities in GaAs, we demonstrate that the lowest energy states, normally exhibiting a strongly dominant heavy-hole character, can be reversed to a dominant light-hole character by the strain found in the vicinity of the emitter. This reversal suggests that strain could be used to engineer the orbital composition and ordering of excitonic states, allowing enhanced optical control over spin states.
Antenna diversity for an OFDM system in a fading channel (2003)

This paper explores antenna diversity issues for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in frequency flat and selective fading environment using three combining methods-maximal ratio combining (MRC), equal gain combining (EGC), and selection combining (SC). For OFDM, diversity combining can be done on individual subcarriers (narrowband combining) or on the entire OFDM symbol (wideband combining). For narrowband combining, OFDM diversity performance in a frequency selective channel can be predicted using flat fading analytic formulas, given that sub-channels are sufficiently narrowband. For wideband combining, an equivalent channel model based on the number of rays in the channel is formulated and an analytic expression for wideband SC is derived. Computer simulation is used to verify these expressions and methods to improve the three combining techniques are discussed, including metric filtering, selection grouping, and higher order selection diversity.
Architectural support for safe software execution on embedded processors (2006)

The lack of memory safety in many popular programming languages, including C and C++, has been a cause for great concern in the realm of software reliability, verification, and more recently, system security. A major portion of known security attacks against software systems can be attributed to this shortcoming, including the well-known stack overflow, heap overflow, and format string attacks. Despite their limitations, the flexibility, performance, and ease of use of these languages have made them the choice of most embedded software developers. Researchers have proposed various techniques to enhance programs for memory safety; however, they are all subject to severe performance penalties, making their use impractical in most scenarios. In this paper, we present architectural enhancements to enable efficient, memory-safe execution of software on embedded processors. The key insight behind our approach is to extend embedded processors with hardware that significantly accelerates the execution of the additional computations involved in memory-safe execution. Specifically, we design custom instructions to perform various kinds of memory-safety checks and augment the instruction set of a state-of-the-art extensible processor (Xtensa from Tensilica, Inc.) to implement them. We demonstrate the application of the proposed architectural enhancements using CCured, an existing tool for type-safe retrofitting of C programs. The tool uses a type-inferencing engine that is built around strong type-safety theory and is provably safe. Simulations of memory-safe versions of popular embedded benchmarks on a cycle-accurate simulator modeling a typical embedded system configuration indicate an average performance improvement of 2.3x, and a maximum of 4.6x when using the proposed architecture. These enhancements entail minimal (less than 10%) hardware overhead to the base processor. Our approach is completely automated, and applicable to any C program, making it a promising and practical approach for addressing the growing security and reliability concerns in embedded software.
Assessment of protein binding with magnetic microrobots in fluid (2013)

For applications such as targeting therapeutic nanocarriers to specific tissues, as well as for the more general problem of assessing binding affinity between proteins, it is important to discover tools which may be used for both micromanipulation as well as force microscopy. In this work, we measure picoscale forces using microscale robots, using antibody-coated microbead probes as an interface. We develop a model for a detailed understanding of the relationship between robot velocity and applied force, and apply this to the measurement of binding forces between antibody-coated beads and protein-coated glass slides. We also verify binding between specific antibody/protein combinations relative to untargeted control combinations, and we measure the rate at which this binding occurs. This offers a truly novel technique for measuring binding forces between proteins.
Globally Strictly Convex Cost Functional for a 1-D Inverse Medium Scattering Problem with Experimental Data (2017)

A new numerical method is proposed for a one-dimensional inverse medium scattering problem with multifrequency data. This method is based on the construction of a weighted cost functional. The weight is a Carleman weight function (CWF). In other words, this is the function which is present in the Carleman estimate for the undelying differential operator. The presence of the CWF makes this functional strictly convex on any a priori chosen ball with the center at \ 0\ in an appropriate Hilbert space. Convergence of the gradient minimization method to the exact solution starting from any point of that ball is proved. Computational results for both computationally simulated and experimental data show a good accuracy of this method.
Cocoa polyphenols prevent inflammation in the colon of azoxymethane-treated rats and in TNF-α-stimulated Caco-2 cells (2012)

Numerous lines of evidence support a relationship between intestinal inflammation and cancer. Therefore, much attention has recently been focused on the identification of natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activities as a strategy to suppress the early stages of colorectal cancer. Because cocoa is a rich source of bioactive compounds, the present study investigated its anti-inflammatory properties in a rat model of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis and in TNF-α-stimulated Caco-2 cells. A total of forty male rats were fed with control or cocoa-enriched diets (12 %) during 8 weeks and injected with saline or AOM (20 mg/kg body weight) during the third and fourth week (n 10 rats/group). At the end of the experiment, colon samples were evaluated for markers of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity of a cocoa polyphenolic extract (10 μg/ml) was examined in TNF-α-stimulated Caco-2 cells, an in vitro model of experimentally induced intestinal inflammation. The signalling pathways involved, including NF-κB and the mitogen-activated protein kinase family such as c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinases (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases and p38, were also evaluated. The results show that the cocoa-rich diet decreases the nuclear levels of NF-κB and the expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes such as cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase induced by AOM in the colon. Additionally, the experiments in Caco-2 cells confirm that cocoa polyphenols effectively down-regulate the levels of inflammatory markers induced by TNF-α by inhibiting NF-κB translocation and JNK phosphorylation. We conclude that cocoa polyphenols suppress inflammation-related colon carcinogenesis and could be promising in the dietary prevention of intestinal inflammation and related cancer development.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Trop-2 Induces Tumor Growth Through AKT and Determines Sensitivity to AKT Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Trop-2-dependent Akt signaling.&lt;/p&gt;
2 kV 4H-SiC DMOSFETs for low loss, high frequency switching applications (2005)

Due to the high critical field in 4H-SiC, the drain charge and switching loss densities in a SiC power device are approximately 10/spl times/ higher than that of a silicon device. However, for the same voltage and resistance ratings, the device area is much smaller for the 4H-SiC device. Therefore, the total drain charge and switching losses are much lower for the 4H-SiC power device. A 2.3 kV, 13.5 m/spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/ 4H-SiC power DMOSFET with a device area of 2.1 mm /spl times/ 2.1 mm has been demonstrated. The device showed a stable avalanche at a drain bias of 2.3 kV, and an on-current of 5 A with a VGS of 20 V and a VDS of 2.6 V. Approximately an order of magnitude lower parasitic capacitance values, as compared to those of commercially available silicon power MOSFETs, were measured for the 4H-SiC power DMOSFET. This suggests that the 4H-SiC DMOSFET can provide an order of magnitude improvement in switching performance in high speed switching applications.
A virtual environment for EMC testing (2002)

The paper presents a virtual environment for the development of testing procedures. The system can be viewed as a suite of integrated software tools that allow an efficient design of end user applications. The applications can control without code modifications different devices in a given class and through a computer network. Specific issues related to the field of EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) problems are discussed, and practical case-study applications are described.
Cavity growth in superplastic alloys (1980)

A model is developed to describe the growth of voids in superplastic alloys. This is based on analyses by Hancock, Beere and Speight, and Edward and Ashby for the case of creep cavity growth controlled by plastic deformation of the matrix. It is shown that published data for the development of cavitation in several superplastic alloys fit the predictions of the model.
Preparing New World Monkeys for Laboratory Research (2006)

New World monkeys represent an important but often poorly understood research resource. The relatively small size and low zoonotic risk of these animals make them appealing as research subjects in a number of areas. However, historic portrayal of many of these species as difficult to manage and handle is one of the factors that has limited their use. Basic guidelines are provided on management and handling approaches for the New World monkeys most commonly used in research: marmosets, squirrel monkeys, owl monkeys, and titi monkeys. Topics include transport and acclimation to a new facility, location changes within a facility, diet changes, removal from and return to social groups, capture and restraint, handling for anesthesia, postprocedural monitoring, and staff training.
Moment Matching Method for Pricing Spread Options with Mean-Variance Mixture L\'evy Motions (2021)

The paper Borovkova et al. [4] uses moment matching method to obtain closed form formulas for spread and basket call option prices under log normal models. In this note, we also use moment matching method to obtain semi-closed form formulas for the price of spread options under exponential L\'evy models with mean-variance mixture. Unlike the semi-closed form formulas in Caldana and Fusai [5], where spread prices were expressed by using Fourier inversion formula for general price dynamics, our formula expresses spread prices in terms of the mixing distribution. Numerical tests show that our formulas give accurate spread prices also
Abdominal Wall CT Angiography: A Detailed Account of a Newly Established Preoperative Imaging Technique (2008)

Institutional review board approval was obtained for this study, and all patients gave written informed consent. Autologous surgical breast reconstruction with use of abdominal wall donor flaps based on the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) and one or more of its anterior musculocutaneous perforating branches (DIEA perforator flap) is being used with increasing frequency instead of breast reconstruction with use of traditional transverse rectus abdominus musculocutaneous and modified muscle-sparing flaps. Preoperative mapping of the DIEA perforators with abdominal wall computed tomographic (CT) angiography may improve patient care by providing the surgeon with additional information that will lead to optimization of the surgical technique, shorter procedure time, and reduction in the frequency of surgical complications. The branching patterns of the DIEA, the segmental anatomy of the anterior adipocutaneous perforating branches of the DIEA, and the importance of these features in pre- and intraoperative surgical planning necessitate a different approach to abdominal wall CT angiography than that used with other abdominal CT angiographic techniques. In abdominal wall CT angiography, the common femoral artery is used as the bolus trigger, CT scanning is performed in the caudocranial direction, the automatic exposure control feature is disabled, a scaled grid overlay tool is used to present information to the surgeons, and radiation dose is minimized (average dose, 6 mSv). The anatomic accuracy of abdominal wall CT angiography has been investigated in cadaveric and surgical studies, with sensitivity of 96%-100% and specificity of 95%-100%. This detailed description will allow other radiologists and surgeons interested in free DIEP flap surgery to incorporate this useful tool into their practice.
Sum Rate Maximization Based on Sub-Array Antenna Selection in a Full-Duplex System (2017)

This paper considers a full-duplex system for a base station (BS) serving both uplink and downlink users simultaneously on the same frequency. A new design of the selection of the half-array antenna mode at the BS (transmit or receive mode) over the time phases and user assignments is proposed and its beamforming design and power allocation problem are optimized under the effect of both residual self- interference and co-channel interference. The aim is to maximize the overall sum rate subject to the users' quality of service requirements, which is formulated as a highly nonlinear function subject to non-convex constraints. To solve this non-convex problem, we propose an iterative low- complexity algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides a fast convergence and substantially outperforms all existing schemes.
Strategic Alignment Between Business and Information Technology: A Knowledge-Based View of Behaviors, Outcome, and Consequences (2006)

Senior executives continue to be concerned about factors influencing the business effect of information technology (IT). Prior research has argued that business–IT strategic alignment facilitates business effect of IT and that contextual factors affect business–IT alignment. However, the role of knowledge considerations in the relationship between contextual factors and alignment, and the role of IT projects in the relationship between alignment and business effects of IT, have not been explicitly examined. Therefore, this paper pursues the following two research questions: (1) Based on knowledge considerations, how do planning behaviors (specifically, IT managers’ participation in business planning and business managers’ participation in IT planning) and top management knowledge of IT mediate the effects of two contextual factors—organizational emphasis on knowledge management and centralization of IT decisions—on business–IT strategic alignment? (2) How do aspects of IT projects (specifically, quality of IT project planning and implementation problems in IT projects) mediate the relationship between business–IT strategic alignment and business effects of IT? Results from a survey of 274 senior information officers indicate that organizational emphasis on knowledge management and centralization of IT decisions affect top managers’ knowledge of IT, which facilitates business managers’ participation in strategic IT planning and IT managers’ participation in business planning, and both of these planning behaviors affect business–IT strategic alignment. Moreover, the results indicate that quality of IT project planning and implementation problems in IT projects mediate the relationship between business–IT strategic alignment and business effect of IT. These findings highlight the importance of considering the planning and implementation of IT projects when examining the effects of business–IT strategic alignment, and highlight the importance of considering shared domain knowledge (i.e., top managers’ knowledge of IT) and planning behaviors when examining the effects of contextual factors on business–IT strategic alignment. Managers can use these results to develop more comprehensive action plans for achieving greater business–IT strategic alignment, and for translating alignment into enhanced IT effects on business performance.
First Report of the Committee on Photochemistry, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National Research Council (1928)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTFirst Report of the Committee on Photochemistry, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National Research CouncilH. S. TaylorH. S. TaylorMore by H. S. TaylorCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1928, 32, 4, 481Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1928Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1928https://doi.org/10.1021/j150286a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views16Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (88 KB) Get e-Alerts
Development of a tactile vest (2004)

This research is focused on the development of a torso-based haptic display that can be used to present navigational cues to a human operator. The requirements for this display are that it can be worn on a mobile operator, is light weight and robust. Two tactile vests are being developed to meet these objectives, one based on small electric motors and the other on contractile shape-memory alloy (SMA) fibers. Four electromechanical actuators were evaluated for use in the vest and a small vibration motor was selected for the initial prototype. A 3/spl times/3 array was fabricated for psychophysical testing and positioned on the lower back. High accuracy in perceiving the direction of factor activation was achieved by all subjects in this task. A factor array based on SMA actuators was fabricated and tested and results indicate that this low-bandwidth device can generate tactile inputs on the torso that are perceptible.
Supplementary Methods from Immunogenic Subtypes of Breast Cancer Delineated by Gene Classifiers of Immune Responsiveness (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Detailed description of methods.&lt;/p&gt;
Fig S1 from CD3-Bispecific Antibody Therapy Turns Solid Tumors into Inflammatory Sites but Does Not Install Protective Memory (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Sequence and quality of bsAb&lt;/p&gt;
How Functional Complexity affects the Scalability-Energy Efficiency\n Trade-Off of HCC WSN Clustering (2017)

Even though clustering algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are a\nwell investigate subject, the increasing interest in the Internet of Things\n(IoT) and 5G technologies has precipitated the need of new ways to comprehend\nand overcome a new set of challenges. While studies mainly propose new\nalgorithms and compare these algorithms based on a set of properties (e.g.\nenergy efficiency, scalability), none of them focuses on the underlying\nmechanisms and organizational patterns that lead to these properties. We\naddress this lack of understanding by applying a complex systems science\napproach to investigate the properties of WSNs arising from the communication\npatterns of the network nodes. We represent different implementations of\nclustering in WSNs with a functional topology graph. Moreover, we employ a\ncomplexity metric - functional complexity (CF) - to explain how local\ninteractions give rise to the global behavior of the network. Our analysis\nshows that higher values of CF indicate higher scalability and lower energy\nefficiency.\n