gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing outdoor navigation systems through vibrotactile feedback (2011)

While driving many tasks compete for the attention of the user, mainly via the audio and visual channel. When designing systems depending upon providing feedback to users (e.g., navigation systems), it is a crucial prerequisite to minimize influence on and distraction from the driving task. This becomes even more important when designing systems for the use on motorbikes; space for output devices is scarce, as people are wearing helmets visual feedback is often difficult due to lighting conditions, and audio feedback is limited. In a first step we aimed at creating an understanding as to how information could be communicated in a meaningful way using vibrotactile signals. Therefore, we investigated suitable positions of actuators on the hand, appropriate length of the vibration stimulus, and different vibration patterns. We built a first prototype with 4 vibration actuators attached to the fingertips and asked 4 participants to test our prototype while driving. With this work we envision to lay the foundations for vibrotactile support in navigation systems.
A New Type of Super Bright Laboratory X-ray Source (2016)

We are developing a revolutionary new type of x-ray source that is designed to be more than 10X brighter than the brightest rotating anode x-ray source currently available. Additionally, the new x-ray source will have substantially wider selection of characteristic x-ray energies than are abailable using the current x-ray source technologies. The outstanding performance is achieved with patent pending x-ray source technology that incorporates the outstanding thermal and material properties of diamond as part of the microstructured anode, creates large thermal gradients within the microstructure and; and accumulates x-rays generated from a linear array of x-ray sub-sources.
Evaluation of 3D image registration as applied to MR‐guided thermal treatment of liver cancer (1998)

There are many potential applications of three-dimensional (3D) image registration in MR-guided radiofrequency (RF) thermal ablation of tumors. For example, after registration of image volumes obtained before and after thermal ablation, a variety of quantitative and visual assessments of therapy were performed. For liver tumors, the accuracy of rigid body, manual registration on 19 pairs of image volumes was evaluated, almost all of which were obtained during thermal treatment sessions. Registration error was estimated as a distance between anatomical landmarks, including both internal vascular structures as well as the surface of the liver. Over all image pairs and throughout a large portion of the liver, the registration error was 3.1 mm (mean + 1 SD). From the bottom to the top of the liver, error increased on the order of 13%, probably because of liver motion and deformation resulting from respiration. Although probably insufficient for blind guidance of therapy, registration accuracy was undoubtedly sufficient for interesting applications in the planning, assessment, and optimization of interventional MR-guided thermal treatment of liver tumors.
Soft‐Matter Relaxation by the NMR‐MOUSE (1998)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Investigation of Pulse Sequences Applications of the MOUSE
Dabrafenib Versus Dabrafenib + Trametinib in BRAF -Mutated Radioactive Iodine Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Results of a Randomized, Phase 2, Open-Label Multicenter Trial (2022)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Oncogenic BRAF mutations are commonly found in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), and reports have shown efficacy of BRAF inhibitors in these tumors. We investigated the difference in response between dabrafenib monotherapy and dabrafenib + trametinib therapy in patients with BRAF-mutated radioactive iodine refractory DTC. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this open-label randomized phase 2 multicenter trial, patients aged ≥18 years with BRAF-mutated radioactive iodine refractory DTC with progressive disease by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 within 13 months before enrollment were eligible. Patients were randomly assigned to receive dabrafenib alone or dabrafenib + trametinib. The primary endpoint was objective response rate by modified RECIST (minor response of -20% to -29%, partial and complete response) within the first 24 weeks of therapy. Trial Registration Number: NCT01723202. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 53 patients were enrolled. The objective response rate (modified RECIST) was 42% (11/26 [95% confidence interval {CI} 23-63%]) with dabrafenib versus 48% (13/27 [CI 29-68%]) with dabrafenib + trametinib (<i>p</i> = 0.67). Objective response rate (RECIST 1.1) was 35% (9/26 [CI 17-56%]) with dabrafenib and 30% (8/27 [CI 14-51%]) with dabrafenib + trametinib. Most common treatment-related adverse events included skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (17/26, 65%), fever (13/26, 50%), hyperglycemia (12/26, 46%) with dabrafenib alone and fever (16/27, 59%), nausea, chills, fatigue (14/27, 52% each) with dabrafenib + trametinib. There were no treatment-related deaths. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Combination dabrafenib + trametinib was not superior in efficacy compared to dabrafenib monotherapy in patients with BRAF-mutated radioiodine refractory progressive DTC.
Chirality Changes in Carbon Nanotubes Studied with Near-Field Raman Spectroscopy (2007)

We report on the direct visualization of chirality changes in carbon nanotubes by mapping local changes in resonant RBM phonon frequencies with an optical resolution of 40 nm using near-field Raman spectroscopy. We observe the transition from semiconducting-to-metal and metal-to-metal chiralities at the single nanotube level. Our experimental findings, based on detecting changes in resonant RBM frequencies, are complemented by measuring changes in the G-band frequency and line shape. In addition, we observe increased Raman scattering due to local defects associated with the structural transition. From our results, we determine the spatial extent of the transition region to be Ltrans approximately 40-100 nm.
Demineralized Bone Matrix as a Biological Scaffold for Bone Repair (2001)

Experimental models were created in rat fibula to represent impaired bone healing so that biological deficiencies that cause bone repair to fail or to be delayed may be investigated. These models consist of a 4-mm-long segmental defect, created in rat fibula by osteotomy, and fitted with a 7-mm-long tubular specimen of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) over the cut ends of the fibula. The experiments in this study involved various modifications of the DBM scaffold designed to reduce its osteoinductive activity: steam sterilization (sDBM), ethylene oxide sterilization (eoDBM), trypsin digestion (tDBM), and guanidine hydrochloride extraction (gDBM). Bone healing was evaluated by bending rigidity of the fibula and mineral content of the repair site at 7 weeks post-surgery. The sDBM scaffolds resorbed completely by 7 weeks and hence this model was a nonhealing negative control. Rigidities in the unmodified DBM and tDBM groups were comparable, whereas in the gDBM and eoDBM groups it was significantly reduced. Histologically, in the 4-mm defects repaired with unmodified DBM, direct and endochondral bone formation in the scaffold and the defect resulted in a neocortex consisting of woven and lamellar bone uniting the broken bone by 7 weeks post-surgery. We conclude that the eoDBM and gDBM groups represent failure or delay of the bone repair process when compared with the unmodified DBM group in which the process is analogous to normal bone healing.
The effects of quercetin dietary supplementation on broiler growth performance, meat quality, and oxidative stability (2014)

The present study was conducted to describe the effects of quercetin dietary supplementation, at levels of 0.5 and 1 g/kg of feed, on growth performance, internal organ weights, meat quality, and meat oxidative stability during storage of broiler chickens reared from hatching to 42 d of age. Body weight and cumulative feed intake were not affected by quercetin supplementation (P > 0.05). However, poorer feed conversion ratio values were obtained with increasing levels of dietary quercetin (P-linear < 0.05). Relative heart weight was significantly higher for chickens that were given quercetin in comparison with the controls (P < 0.05). The rest of the internal organ weights measured (liver, spleen, and fat pad) and meat quality traits were not affected by dietary supplementation with quercetin, except for meat lightness and redness. Meat oxidative stability, expressed as nanograms of malondialdehyde per gram of meat, was improved (P < 0.05) during refrigerated storage for 3 and 9 d, when birds were fed quercetin at a level of 1 g/kg of feed. It is concluded that the incorporation of quercetin in broiler diets could prolong meat shelf life by reducing the rate of lipid oxidation, and increase relative heart weight, potentially contributing to improved animal health.
Reactive Perforating Collagenosis Associated with Diabetes Mellitus (1982)

Reactive perforating collagenosis (RPC) is a skin disorder characterized by extrusion of collagen fibers through the epidermis. This rare form of cutaneous perforating disease, first described by Mehregan et al. in 1967,1 usually begins in infancy or childhood and appears clinically as recurrent umbilicated papules that resolve spontaneously in six to eight weeks.2 In some cases the disease is thought to be hereditary.3 , 4 Fewer than 40 cases of RPC have been reported in all the medical literature, and only one or possibly two cases have been associated with chronic renal disease.5 No relation has been established between RPC and diabetes . . .
Identification of distinct sites of beta-endorphin that stimulate lymphokine production by murine CD4+ T cells. (1994)

We recently demonstrated that the opioid peptide beta-endorphin (beta-End) has the capacity to stimulate interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 production by murine CD4+ T cells. Since opioid peptides have been demonstrated to contain stimulatory as well as inhibitory sites, we studied peptide fragments of beta-End to identify a moiety with exclusive stimulatory capacity. To this end, the effects of various opioid peptides on the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by CD4+ T cells were determined. It appeared that two peptide fragments of beta-End, i.e., beta-End6-31 and beta-End18-31, that lack the N-terminal enkephalin part, enhanced IL-2 and IL-4 production to a similar extent as intact beta-End, indicating that the N-terminal part is not involved in the stimulating effects of beta-End. Also the production of IL-6 and IFN-gamma was increased by these peptides. By contrast, the fragments beta-End24-31 and beta-End28-31 did not stimulate the production of the cytokines. Surprisingly, also alpha-End, which is equivalent to beta-End1-16 and hence lacks the sequence comprising amino acids 18 through 31, was stimulatory. This effect was not prevented by naloxone, indicating that opioid receptors were not involved. Moreover, methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk), which binds to opioid receptors, did not affect cytokine production. Because both alpha-End and beta-End18-31 stimulate cytokine production by CD4+ T cells and do not overlap is sequence, it is concluded that at least two distinct sites of beta-End can exert stimulating effects on cytokine production.
Influence of Branching on the Configurational and Dynamical Properties of Entangled Polymer Melts (2019)

We probe the influence of branching on the configurational, packing, and density correlation function properties of polymer melts of linear and star polymers, with emphasis on molecular masses larger than the entanglement molecular mass of linear chains. In particular, we calculate the conformational properties of these polymers, such as the hydrodynamic radius R h , packing length <i>p</i>, pair correlation function g ( r ) , and polymer center of mass self-diffusion coefficient, <i>D</i>, with the use of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulation results reproduce the phenomenology of simulated linear and branched polymers, and we attempt to understand our observations based on a combination of hydrodynamic and thermodynamic modeling. We introduce a model of "entanglement" phenomenon in high molecular mass polymers that assumes polymers can viewed in a coarse-grained sense as "soft" particles and, correspondingly, we model the emergence of heterogeneous dynamics in polymeric glass-forming liquids to occur in a fashion similar to glass-forming liquids in which the molecules have soft repulsive interactions. Based on this novel perspective of polymer melt dynamics, we propose a functional form for <i>D</i> that can describe our simulation results for both star and linear polymers, covering both the unentangled to entangled polymer melt regimes.
Autonomous and Reversible Adhesion using Elastomeric Suction Cups for In-vivo Medical Treatments (2020)

Remotely controllable and reversible adhesion is highly desirable for surgical operations: it can provide the possibility of non-invasive surgery, flexibility in fixing a patch and surgical manipulation via sticking. In our previous work, we developed a remotely controllable, ingestible, and deployable pill for use as a patch in the human stomach. In this study, we focus on magnetically facilitated reversible adhesion and develop a suction-based adhesive mechanism as a solution for non-invasive and autonomous adhesion of patches. We present the design, model, and fabrication of a magnet-embedded elastomeric suction cup. The suction cup can be localised, navigated, and activated or deactivated in an autonomous way; all realised magnetically with a pre-programmed fashion. The use of the adhesion mechanism is demonstrated for anchoring and carrying, for patching an internal organ surface and for an object removal, respectively.
Fundamental characteristics of L-shaped and U-shaped folded monopole antennas with parasitic elements for WiMAX/MIMO antenna (2013)

In this study, fundamental characteristics of MIMO antennas are investigated using two types of folded monopole antennas (FMA) in order to cover more operational frequency bands of WiMAX. To increase the number of resonant frequencies, parasitic elements are used. As a result, one type of FMA could satisfy the two bands of WiMAX, and the other type of FMA could cover all the three bands of WiMAX with parasitic elements. Moreover, this was possible without increasing the total antenna volume. We confirmed the validity of the simulation by comparing with measured data.
On the macro- and microphase separation of compatibilizers in immiscible polymer blends (1996)

Macro- and microphase separation of compatibilizing graft copolymers in melt-mixed polystyrene/polyamide-6 blends was studied by transmission electron microscopy and thermal analysis. Three different graft copolymers with main chains of polystyrene and side chains of poly(ethylene oxide) were used as additives at various concentrations. The polyamide-6 domain sizes decreased with increasing amounts of compatibilizing graft copolymers in the blends up to a saturation concentration, after which no further reduction was noted. Macrophase separation of the graft copolymers into discrete macrodomains 20–200 nm in size occurred at concentrations equal to or slightly lower than the saturation concentration. The macrodomains of the graft copolymers were microphase separated, and the sizes and shapes of the microdomains were found to largely depend on the graft copolymer structure and composition. As a consequence of microphase separation, poly(ethylene oxide) crystallinity was noted in blends with sufficiently high macrophase contents. Observations of a graft copolymer interphase between the polystyrene matrix and the polyamide-6 domains confirmed that the graft copolymer was present at the blend interfaces in some of the compatibilized blends. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Photodynamic therapy stimulates anti-tumor immunity in a murine mastocytoma model (2008)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the IV administration of photosensitizers followed by illumination of the tumor with red light producing reactive oxygen species that eventually cause vascular shutdown and tumor cell apoptosis. Anti-tumor immunity is stimulated after PDT due to the acute inflammatory response, recognition of tumor-specific antigens, and induction of heat-shock proteins, while the three commonest cancer therapies (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) all tend to suppress the immune system. Like many other immunotherapies, the extent of the immune response after PDT tends to depend on the antigenicity of the particular tumor, or in other words, whether the tumor contains proteins with the correct characteristics to provide peptides that can bind to MHC class I molecules and provide a target for cytolytic T lymphocytes. We have described certain mouse tumors containing defined or naturally occurring tumor associated antigens that respond particularly well to PDT, and potent immune responses capable of destroying distant untreated tumors can be induced. In this report we address the induction of immunity after PDT of the DBA2 mastocytoma known as P815. This tumor was the first mouse tumor to be shown to possess a tumor-rejection antigen capable of being recognized by cytotoxic T-cells.
On-line product quality and process failure monitoring in freeze-drying of pharmaceutical products (2019)

In this work the information provided by a noninvasive imaging sensor was used to develop two algorithms for real time fault detection and product quality monitoring during the Vacuum Freeze-Drying of single dose pharmaceuticals. Two algorithms based on multivariate statistical techniques, namely Principal Component Analysis and Partial Least Square Regression, were developed and compared. Five batches obtained under Normal Operating Conditions were used to train a reference model of the process; the classification abilities of these algorithms were tested on five more batches simulating different kind of faults. Good classification performances have been obtained with both algorithms. Coupling the information obtained from an infrared camera with that of other variables obtained from the PLC of the equipment, and from the textural analysis performed on the RGB images of the product, strongly improves the performances of the algorithms. The proposed algorithms can account for the heterogeneity of the batch and aim to reduce the off-specification products.
Colonic adenocarcinoma with coexisting tuberculosis: an unusual presentation (2016)

Tuberculosis affecting the colon is an uncommon extra-pulmonary form of the disease, and its association with malignancy is highly unusual. A 66-year man presented with lower gastrointestinal bleeding altered bowel habit and significant weight loss. On examination, he had ulcer infiltrative growth in the descending colon, with friable mucosa, bleeds easily on touch. With the diagnosis of carcinoma of the descending colon, he underwent left hemicolectomy. The histopathological examination revealed carcinoma colon with coexisting tuberculosis. The aetiological association between the tuberculosis and colon cancer is a matter of debate. However, the treating surgeon should be aware of this association, to avoid confusion and delay in the management.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.131-134
The high frequency relationship: implications for torsadogenic hERG blockers (2015)

Analysis of the vertical shift in the HF relationship demonstrated that signs of transient sympathetic activation during HF oscillations in the presence of torsadogenic hERG blockers are mediated by β1 -adrenoceptors. We suggest the HF relationship as a new biomarker for assessing Torsades de pointes liability, with potential implications in both preclinical studies and the clinic.
AGO Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Locally Advanced and Metastatic Breast Cancer: Update 2023 (2023)

The Breast Committee of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (German Gynecological Oncology Group, AGO) presents the 2023 update of the evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer (mBC).
Multiple sensors and Artificial Neural Networks in a cognitive technical system for laser welding (2009)

When processing materials with laser beams, strong radiations and emissions occur, requiring a robust but accurate sensor system. Therefore, multiple sensors, such as an intelligently focusing camera, acoustic sensors and photodiodes, are integrated into a cognitive technical system using Artificial Neural Networks and other techniques for learning how to monitor and control the processing systems.
Membrane Cholesterol Modulates Oligomeric Status and Peptide-Membrane Interaction of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Fusion Peptide (2019)

The N-terminal fusion peptide (residues 770-788) of an S2 glycoprotein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), exposed upon receptor binding, is crucial for virus entry into the host cell. The fusion peptide alters the membrane organization and dynamics of the host membrane to facilitate membrane fusion. Generally, the effect of the fusion peptide on the membrane is sensitive to the lipid composition of target membranes. In the present work, we have utilized steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in tandem with circular dichroism spectroscopy to elucidate the binding, oligomeric status, and secondary structure of the fusion peptide and its impact on the depth-dependent membrane organization and dynamics. We have used depth-dependent fluorescence probes, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and its trimethylammonium derivative (TMA-DPH), to evaluate the effect of the peptide binding along the bilayer normal. We have exploited the energy transfer efficiency of tryptophan between TMA-DPH and DPH to determine the relative location of the solitary tryptophan present in the membrane-bound fusion peptide. We have further evaluated the effect of membrane cholesterol on the binding and organization of the peptide and the impact of peptide binding on the depth-dependent physical properties of the membrane at various cholesterol concentrations. Our results clearly demonstrate that the membrane cholesterol alters the oligomeric status of the membrane-bound peptide and the effect of peptide binding on the depth-dependent membrane organization and dynamics. The role of cholesterol is important, as the eukaryotic host cells contain a good amount of cholesterol that might be important for the entry of pathogenic viruses.
Sausage and Meat Preservation in Antiquity (1999)

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Part-of-Speech Tagging on an Endangered Language: a Parallel Griko-Italian Resource (2018)

Most work on part-of-speech (POS) tagging is focused on high resource languages, or examines low-resource and active learning settings through simulated studies. We evaluate POS tagging techniques on an actual endangered language, Griko. We present a resource that contains 114 narratives in Griko, along with sentence-level translations in Italian, and provides gold annotations for the test set. Based on a previously collected small corpus, we investigate several traditional methods, as well as methods that take advantage of monolingual data or project cross-lingual POS tags. We show that the combination of a semi-supervised method with cross-lingual transfer is more appropriate for this extremely challenging setting, with the best tagger achieving an accuracy of 72.9%. With an applied active learning scheme, which we use to collect sentence-level annotations over the test set, we achieve improvements of more than 21 percentage points.