gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of steer-by-wire system with bilateral control method using disturbance observer (2007)

Steer-by-wire system, in which the conventional mechanical linkages between the steering wheel and the front wheel are removed, is suited to active steering control, improving vehicle stability, dynamics and maneuverability, as well as to autonomous steering control to assist the driver. Conventional controller for SBW system is designed by general feedback control method. However, driver can not exactly feel reaction torque generated from tire. In this paper, the goals are considered as following two points. One is a reproduction of environmental impedance in steering wheel. The other is improved maneuverability for SBW system. Moreover, control stability must be satisfied. Using disturbance observer, bilateral controller is designed. Through analysis, it is confirmed that the three desired conditions in SBW system are well satisfied with this controller. The effectiveness of this research is demonstrated by experiment.
Fungus-infected Fluid Collections in Thorax or Abdomen: Effectiveness of Percutaneous Catheter Drainage (2005)

Despite a moderately high technical success rate with percutaneous catheter drainage of fungus-infected fluid collections, clinical success rate was much lower. Both imaging appearance (complexity of collection) and clinical factors (history of malignancy, admission to intensive care unit) influenced prognosis.
Controllable optical demultiplexing using continuously tunable optical parametric delay at 160-Gbit/s with &#x003C;0.1 ps resolution (2009)

We experimentally demonstrate the use of continuously tunable optical parametric delay at 160-Gbit/s based on conversion/dispersion for demultiplexing a 160-Gbit/s signal to 40-Gbit/s. A 15.2 ns delay with <0.1 ps resolution is shown, which introduces 3-6 dB power penalty.
Longitudinal distribution of ozone absorption in the lung: effects of respiratory flow (1994)

In our previous work, we developed a bolus inhalation apparatus and measured the longitudinal distribution of ozone (O3) uptake in intact human lungs at a quiet respiratory flow of 250 ml/min. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of alternative respiratory flows between 150 and 1,000 ml/s. Uptake was expressed as the O3 absorbed during a single breath relative to the amount of O3 in the inhaled bolus (lambda). Measurements of lambda were correlated with the penetration volume of the bolus into the respiratory tract (Vp). Vp in the range of 20–70 ml was considered to indicate upper airways (UA), the Vp interval of 70–180 ml was identified as lower conducting airways (CA), and Vp &gt; 180 ml was associated with the respiratory air spaces (RA). During quiet oral breathing at 250 ml/s, lambda increased smoothly as Vp increased, with 50% of the inhaled O3 absorbed in the UAs and the remainder absorbed within the CAs such that no O3 reached the RAs. The effect of increasing the respiratory flow was to shift the lambda-Vp distribution distally such that significantly less O3 was absorbed in the UAs and CAs and some O3 reached the RAs. For example, at 1,000 ml/s, only 10% of the inhaled O3 was absorbed in UAs and 65% was absorbed in the CAs such that 25% reached the RAs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A diamond 14 MeV neutron energy spectrometer with high energy resolution (2016)

A self-standing single-crystal chemical vapor deposited diamond was obtained using lift-off method. It was fabricated into a radiation detector and response function measurements for 14 MeV neutrons were taken at the fusion neutronics source. 1.5% of high energy resolution was obtained by using the (12)C(n, α)(9)Be reaction at an angle of 100° with the deuteron beam line. The intrinsic energy resolution, excluding energy spreading caused by neutron scattering, slowing in the target and circuit noises was 0.79%, which was also the best resolution of the diamond detector ever reported.
Role of β-Arrestin-mediated Desensitization and Signaling in the Control of Angiotensin AT1a Receptor-stimulated Transcription (2007)

Heptahelical G protein-coupled receptors employ several mechanisms to activate the ERK1/2 cascade and control gene transcription. Previous work with the angiotensin AT1a receptor has shown that G(q/11) activation leads to a rapid and transient rise in ERK1/2 activity, whereas beta-arrestin binding supports sustained ERK1/2 activation by scaffolding a Raf.MEK.ERK complex associated with the internalized receptor. In this study, we compared the role of the two beta-arrestin isoforms in AT1a receptor desensitization, ERK1/2 activation and transcription using selective RNA interference. In HEK293 cells, both the native AT1a receptor and a G protein-coupling deficient DRY/AAY mutant recruited beta-arrestin1 and beta-arrestin2 upon angiotensin binding and internalized with the receptor. In contrast, only beta-arrestin2 supported protein kinase C-independent ERK1/2 activation by both the AT1a and DRY/AAY receptors. Using focused gene expression filter arrays to screen for endogenous transcriptional responses, we found that silencing beta-arrestin1 or beta-arrestin2 individually did not alter the response pattern but that silencing both caused a marked increase in the number of transcripts that were significantly up-regulated in response to AT1a receptor activation. The DRY/AAY receptor failed to elicit any detectable transcriptional response despite its ability to stimulate beta-arrestin2-dependent ERK1/2 activation. These results indicate that the transcriptional response to AT1a receptor activation primarily reflects heterotrimeric G protein activation. Although beta-arrestin1 and beta-arrestin2 are functionally specialized with respect to supporting G protein-independent ERK1/2 activation, their common effect is to dampen the transcriptional response by promoting receptor desensitization.
S-2,.omega.-Diaminoalkyl dihydrogen phosphorothioates as antiradiation agents (1979)

To enable further structure-activity comparisons among radioprotective phosphorothioates, S-2,omega-diaminoalkyl dihydrogen phosphorothioates were synthesized from L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, L-ornithine, L-lysine, and DL-2,7-diaminoheptanoic acid as homologues of S-2,3-diaminopropyl dihydrogen phosphorothioate (4) and as isomeric analogues of S-2-[(omega-aminoalkyl)amino]ethyl dihydrogen phosphorothioates (e.g., 1). The preferred route that evolved from exploratory trials retained optical activity and involved the reduction of methyl 2,omega-bis(benzoylamino)alkanoates with lithium borohydride, debenzoylation-bromodehydroxylation, and reaction of the resulting 1-(bromomethyl)-1,omega-alkanediamine dihydrobromides with trisodium phosphorothioate. The products of an alternative route that involved the reduction of phthaloylated intermediates with sodium borohydride were racemic. Exploratory conversions of N-(omega-alkenyl)phthalimides failed to provide suitable precursors of the target compounds. In terms of a protective index, these homologues were significantly more radioprotective than the parent phosphorothioate 4 when administered intraperitoneally to mice prior to whole-body gamma irradiation. The homologues derived from L-lysine also showed good peroral activity. No apparent difference was observed in the protection afforded by optically active homologues and the corresponding racemates.
RF Tomography: Self calibration of distributed RF sensors (2012)

Ground-based RF Tomography requires accurate calibration to ensure that acceptable image quality is achieved. A calibration scheme was presented in [1], valid only when radiators are approximated as Hertzian dipoles. In this work, a generalized calibration procedure that is valid for most antennas is presented. The calibration is achieved by placing a known target slightly outside the area under observation. Experimental results and discussions are presented.
MR Angiography Series: Fundamentals of Non–Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography (2021)

Unlike CT angiography, which requires the use of contrast medium, MR angiography (MRA) can be performed without the use of contrast agents. This subfield of MRA is referred to as non–contrast-enhanced MRA (NC-MRA). While NC-MRA can be performed in many patients, it is especially useful in the imaging of pediatric and pregnant patients, as well as in patients with renal impairment. NC-MRA can also provide unique functional and hemodynamic information that is not obtainable with CT angiography or contrast-enhanced MRA. This module gives an overview of the predominant NC-MRA techniques that are currently available on modern clinical MRI systems, while also discussing some new and emerging topics in the field. This module is the second in a series created on behalf of the Society for Magnetic Resonance Angiography (SMRA), a group of researchers and clinicians who are passionate about the benefits of MRA but understand its challenges. The full digital presentation is available online. ©RSNA, 2021
The strength of stone : an honors thesis [(HONRS 499)] (1985)

The objectve of my senior project is to combine my two majors, photojournalism and French, into a representation of my year abroad and show my photographic talents. I gained an understanding of the French people and aquired an appreciation of the countryside and history as I traveled. I am able to show a small part of my experience through my photography.With this project I learned the concept of making prints from color slides. Also in doing this project I reviewed my whole year in France and put everything into perspective. The two things combined produced the following result.This project is a copy of the orginal project. The original contains 8 x 10 color prints on 11 x 14 boards. All color printing in both the original and copy was produced by myself.
Air-blast fracture in woven carbon fibre/epoxy laminates (2017)

Dynamic fracture in specimens of 2×2 twill weave T300 carbon fibre/epoxy composite initiated by air-blast loading of varying intensity is investigated. Analysis of high-speed video of a specimen's response revealed the onset of fracture and its effect on the character of oscillation. Post-experiment X-ray micro computed tomography revealed the extent of the internal damage based on a full in-depth volumetric study.
Histological subtype and smoking status, but not gender, are associated with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer (2013)

Mutations in <i>epidermal growth factor receptor</i> (<i>EGFR</i>) commonly occur in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients characterized by female gender, never-smoker status and adenocarcinoma histology. The aim of this study was to determine whether gender is a confounding factor for <i>EGFR</i> mutations in NSCLC. To elucidate the confounding effect, Pearson's χ<sup>2</sup> test and logistic regression models were used to correlate these characteristics with <i>EGFR</i> mutations in 426 NSCLC patients treated at our institutes. Of those 426 NSCLC patients, 47% were females, 57% were non-smokers and 84% had adenocarcinomas. The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that never-smoker status [odds ratio (OR)=3.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.99-6.13; P<0.001)] and adenocarcinoma (OR=9.43, 95% CI 3.62-24.56; P<0.001) were associated with <i>EGFR</i> mutations; however, gender was not (OR=1.25, 95% CI: 0.73-2.15; P=0.416). Furthermore, gender was not associated with <i>EGFR</i> mutation subtypes (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 0.56-2.50; P=0.650). The frequency of <i>EGFR</i> mutations among females and males was not different in non-smokers (64.8 vs. 55.8%, P=0.204) or ever-smokers (27.8 vs. 24.2%, P=0.775). Therefore, if the assessment for <i>EGFR</i> mutation status was limited to non-smoking females with adenocarcinoma, up to 40% of the patients harboring <i>EGFR</i> mutations would be precluded from the benefit of <i>EGFR</i> inhibitor therapy. Our results indicated that gender is a confounding factor for <i>EGFR</i> mutations in NSCLC and suggested that gender may not be associated with tumorigenesis in NSCLC-harboring <i>EGFR</i> mutations.
Enabling SDN Hypervisor Provisioning Through Accurate CPU Utilization Prediction (2021)

Providing predictable performance to tenants is mission critical for network hypervisors. As a hypervisor acts as an intermediary between tenants controllers and the physical infrastructure, its resources (e.g., CPU, RAM) should be provisioned and allocated carefully. Initially, we demonstrate that state-of-the-art CPU prediction approaches are not suitable for provisioning network hypervisor CPU resources, since they predict only the mean CPU utilization. However, provisioning the resources with a mean value can significantly degrade the forwarding performance of a network hypervisor. In this article, we present a novel approach which provisions network hypervisor CPU resources efficiently, while avoiding performance degradation. We take three steps to achieve our goal: <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(i)</i> conducting a profound measurement campaign to determine what is the minimum amount of CPU resources that needs to be allocated to a network hypervisor in order to have no performance degradation; <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(ii)</i> revealing the key properties of virtual networks that affect the CPU utilization; <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(iii)</i> designing a precise CPU prediction model. Using randomly generated virtual networks and arbitrary physical topologies, we show that our prediction model exhibits an average relative error of around 4%. Further, our evaluations indicate that provisioning the CPU resources of a network hypervisor based on the proposed prediction model does not degrade the hypervisor forwarding performance. Utilizing our approach, network operators can minimize their resources consumption while still providing predictable and undegraded forwarding performance to tenants.
Reemergence of Hepatitis C Virus after 8.5 Years in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia: Evidence for an Occult Viral Reservoir (2005)

The question of whether viruses persist after apparent clearance of infection remains unanswered. Here, we describe a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia whose acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection appeared to resolve after receipt of interferon therapy, relapse immediately, and then clear spontaneously--only to relapse after receipt of corticosteroid therapy, and clear again, 8.5 years later. Sequencing indicated that the viruses detected during each relapse were virtually identical, with the hypervariable region 1 of E2 appearing to be monoclonal, which is typical of patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. Nonstructural 5A sequences exhibited quasispecies diversity initially but, after 8.5 years, had become monoclonal. The prolonged period of negativity for HCV RNA followed by relapse suggests that HCV may persist in apparent sustained viral responders.
Propagation of light in a system of two radiatively coupled waveguides (1994)

A system of waveguides coupled radiatively by leaky modes is considered. The dispersion curves and the dependence of the coupling length on the parameters of the system are calculated. The optimal distance between the waveguides, corresponding to the maximum degree of radiation transfer, is determined. The coupling length then has its maximum value Lcmax = π/2αrad, where αrad is the coefficient representing the radiative losses in a single waveguide (decay coefficient of a waveguide mode). The results are given of an experimental study in which radiation was transferred in a system of radiatively coupled waveguides separated by a distance of 95 μm.
A Robust Algorithm for Eye-Diagram Analysis (2008)

We present a new method for analyzing eye diagrams that always provides a unique solution by making use of a robust, least-median-of-squares (LMS) location estimator. In contrast to commonly used histogram techniques, the LMS procedure is insensitive to outliers and data distributions. Our motivation for developing this algorithm is to create an independent, benchmark method that is both amenable to a thorough uncertainty analysis and can function as a comparison tool since no standardized industry algorithms currently exist. Utilizing this technique, we calculate the fundamental parameters of an eye diagram, namely the one and zero levels, and the time and amplitude crossings. With these parameters determined, we can derive various performance metrics, such as extinction ratio and root-mean-square jitter, and perform eye-mask alignment. In addition to describing our algorithm in detail, we compare results computed with this method to those of a commercial oscilloscope, and obtain excellent agreement. Finally, we suggest new definitions of eye height and eye width that are more robust than those that are commonly used.
Multiphase Flow Development on Single Particle Migration in Low Reynolds Number Fluid Domains (2020)

Abstract Here we present the results of the newly developed Eulerian-Lagrangian model to simulate both the primary and the secondary phases coupled in a transient analysis. A set of two a-dimensional, transient linear shear flow at low Reynolds numbers was considered, and the effect of shearing rate on a suspended buoyant spherical solid particle was analyzed. The rotation and displacement of the solid particle are considered in the model, and the effect of the secondary phase on the primary phase is also evaluated at each time step without any simplification. In order to overcome the existing discontinuity at the interface between secondary and primary phases in this Eulerian-Lagrangian approach, the interface between the solid particle and the fluid phase is replaced by a kernel function creating a smooth profile from the solid into the liquid with a predefined thickness. Several simulations were performed, and the reliability of the developed model was assessed. The global deviation grid convergence index (GCI) approach was employed to perform solution verification. The observed order of accuracy of the primary phase solver approaches 2, consistent with the formal order of accuracy of the applied discretization scheme. The obtained velocity profiles from the computational analyses show excellent agreement with the analytical solution confirming the reliability of the single-phase flow solver. To validate the computational results for the multiphase flow solver, we used the experimental data from our newly developed linear shear flow apparatus with suspended buoyant particles.
Efficient realisation of alternating projection algorithm for maximum likelihood direction finding (1989)

An efficient iterative maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm for direction finding of multiple sources incident on an array of sensors is presented. This algorithm has smaller computational complexity per iteration and less number of iterations to convergence as compared to the alternating projection (AP) algorithm.
On the Effect of Tip Vortices in Low-Reynolds-Number Post-Stall Flow Control (2009)

We numerically investigate the application of steady blowing to three-dimensional stalled flows around low-aspect-ratio rectangular flat-plate wings at a Reynolds number of 300.The objective of this study is to explore techniques to enhance lift by directly modifying the dynamics of the wake vortices.Out of various combinations of forcing location and direction considered, we identify two configurations that provide significant lift enhancement.In these cases, actuation appears to strengthen the tip vortices for increased downward induced velocity upon the leading-edge vortices.This in turn moves the low-pressure core directly above the top surface of the wing to greatly enhance lift.
50 years of solid-state image sensors at ISSCC (2005)

Discusses 50 years of solid-state image sensors at ISSCC.
TS-MUWSN: Time Synchronization for Mobile Underwater Sensor Networks (2016)

Time synchronization is an important, yet challenging, problem in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). This challenge can be attributed to: 1) messaging timestamping; 2) node mobility; and 3) Doppler scale effect. To mitigate these problems, we present an acoustic-based time-synchronization algorithm for UWSN, where we compare several message time-stamping algorithms in addition to different Doppler scale estimators. A synchronization system is based on a bidirectional message exchange between a reference node and a slave one, which has to be synchronized. Therefore, we take as reference the DA-Sync-like protocol (Liu et al., 2014), which takes into account node's movement by using first-order kinematic equations, which refine Doppler scale factor estimation accuracy, and result in better synchronization performance. In our study, we propose to modify both time-stamping and Doppler scale estimation procedures. Besides simulation, we also perform real tests in controlled underwater communication in a water test tank and a shallow-water test in the Mediterranean Sea.
Salivary protein changes in response to acute stress in medical residents performing advanced clinical simulations: a pilot proteomics study (2017)

Alpha-amylase and cystatins are potential salivary markers of acute stress, but further validation should be performed using larger sample populations.
Changes in cellular immune responses of Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) due to pyriproxyfen treatment (2015)

Abstract The effects of pyriproxyfen were determined on the cellular immunity and phenoloxidase activity in the 4th instar larvae of Chilo suppressalis Walker. The bioassay results revealed the effective concentrations of: 10L : 18C, 30L : 72C and 50L : 190C μg · ml −1 . The sole effect of 18 and 72 μg · ml −1 concentrations at intervals of 1–3 h caused a higher number of total hemocytes in the treated larvae than the control, but the reverse results were observed after 6–24 h. The number of plasmatocytes was lower than that of the control for intervals of 3–24 h but the number of granulocytes was higher than the control after 1–3 h although no significant differences were observed at the other times. In the treated larvae, the activities of phenoloxidase were higher and lower than those of the control after 1–3 h and 6–24 h, respectively. The combined effects of pyriproxyfen and the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana isolate B3 caused higher numbers of total hemocytes, plasmatocytes, and granulocytes in the treated larvae by use of the three concentrations of pyriproxyfen, at intervals of 6 and 12 h. Although the numbers of nodules in the larvae treated with concentrations of 18 μg · ml −1 were higher than those of other treatments, the overall numbers were lower than those of the control. Finally, the activity of phenoloxidase in the treated larvae was higher than that of the control, at intervals of 6 and 12 h post-treatment. Findings of the current study indicate an intervening role of pyriproxyfen in the cellular immunity of C. suppressalis to entomopathogenic objects.