gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broadband holographic reconstruction of the surface field on radiating structures (1990)

In near-field holography, the acoustic field is reconstructed on the surface of a radiating structure from measurements of pressure on a two-dimensional surface in its near field. Since the intensity of the acoustic field decreases away from the surface of the structure, evanescent modes exist that decay exponentially away from the surface, making this inverse problem ill-posed and limiting the resolution that can be attained on the surface. A reconstruction algorithm is implemented, with cogent examples, where at each frequency the surface field is expanded with a set of functions that separate the strongly evanescent field from the field that can be reconstructed. This algorithm is more suitable for broadband data than the singular value decomposition approach because it reduces computation time. The functions are the eigenfunctions of the operator that relates the surface pressure to its normal derivative at vanishing frequency. Defined for an arbitrary surface, the expansion will be the same as a normal-mode expansion for a surface with separable geometry.
Antagonism of LPS and IFN-gamma induced iNOS expression in human atrial endothelia by morphine, anandamide, and estrogen. (2000)

These data suggest a direct regulatory link at the transcriptional level between constitutive (c) NOS and iNOS in human atrial tissue.
Functional neuroanatomy of the rhinophore of Archidoris pseudoargus (2006)

For sea slugs, chemosensory information represents an important sensory modality, because optical and acoustical information are limited. In the present study, we focussed on the neuroanatomy of the rhinophores and processing of olfactory stimuli in the rhinophore ganglion of Archidoris pseudoargus, belonging to the order of Nudibranchia in the subclass of Opisthobranchia. Histological techniques, fluorescent markers, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyse neuroanatomical features of the rhinophore. A large ganglion and a prominent central lymphatic channel are surrounded by longitudinal muscles. Many serotonin-immunoreactive (IR) processes were found around the centre and between the ganglion and the highly folded lobes of the rhinophore, but serotonin-IR cell bodies were absent inside the rhinophore. In contrast to the conditions recently found in Aplysia punctata, we found no evidence for the presence of olfactory glomeruli within the rhinophore. Using calcium-imaging techniques with Fura II as a calcium indicator, we found differential calcium responses in various regions within the ganglion to stimulation of the rhinophore with different amino acids. The lack of glomeruli in the rhinophores induces functional questions about processing of chemical information in the rhinophore.
The Statistical Analysis of Spatially Clustered Genes under the Maximum Gap Criterion (2005)

Statistical validation of gene clusters is imperative for many important applications in comparative genomics which depend on the identification of genomic regions that are historically and/or functionally related. We develop the first rigorous statistical treatment of max-gap clusters, a cluster definition frequently used in empirical studies. We present exact expressions for the probability of observing an individual cluster of a set of marked genes in one genome, as well as upper and lower bounds on the probability of observing a cluster of h homologs in a pairwise whole-genome comparison. We demonstrate the utility of our approach by applying it to a whole-genome comparison of E. coli and B. subtilis. Code for statistical tests is available at.
Detection of DNA sequence polymorphisms by enzymatic amplification and direct genomic sequencing. (1989)

The discovery of RFLPs and their utilization as genetic markers has revolutionized research in human molecular genetics. However, only a fraction of the DNA sequence polymorphisms in the human genome affect the length of a restriction fragment and hence result in an RFLP. Polymorphisms that are not detected as RFLPs are typically passed over in the screening process though they represent a potentially important source of informative genetic markers. We have used a rapid method for the detection of naturally occurring DNA sequence variations that is based on enzymatic amplification and direct sequencing of genomic DNA. This approach can detect essentially all useful sequence variations within the region screened. We demonstrate the feasibility of the technique by applying it to the human retinoblastoma susceptibility locus. We screened 3,712 bp of genomic DNA from each of nine individuals and found four DNA sequence polymorphisms. At least one of these DNA sequence polymorphisms was informative in each of three families with hereditary retinoblastoma that were not informative with any of the known RFLPs at this locus. We believe that direct sequencing is a reasonable alternative to other methods of screening for DNA sequence polymorphisms and that it represents a step forward for obtaining informative markers at well-characterized loci that have been minimally informative in the past.
Observer et représenter des usages (2014)

Vous avez commencé à structurer un projet d’innovation à partir d’une idée initiale. La connaissance des usagers, ou plus largement des bénéficiaires du produit ou service que vous souhaitez développer, est absolument essentielle. Pourtant peu de porteurs de projet aujourd’hui prennent réellement le temps d’observer. Cette fiche vous permettra de comprendre l’importance de l’observation, mais également de la représentation des usages en définissant un protocole en adéquation avec vos objectifs. Vous serez ensuite à même d’analyser les résultats et de choisir un mode de représentation adapté pour formaliser et capitaliser votre expérience, mais surtout pour mettre à jour les problèmes et les douleurs des usagers et ainsi convaincre les décideurs de la justesse de votre raisonnement. L’observation et la représentation des usages est le troisième livrable de la méthodologie d’innovation radicale tirée par les usages, Radical Innovation Design ® (RID), décrite en détail au travers de différentes fiches pratiques. Après avoir structuré le projet et défini le besoin idéal, ce livrable permet de rentrer véritablement dans les usages, problèmes et douleurs des utilisateurs ou bénéficiaires, liés aux produits et pratiques existantes. Il permet d’initier une analyse poussée des usages et des problèmes afin de mettre à jour des poches de valeurs, combinaison significative d’un problème et d’un usage non ou mal couverte par les solutions existantes.
Matrix-based higher order spectral analysis for three-wave coupling processes (1994)

Composite linear and quadratic systems produce three-wave coupling when stimulated by random phase input sinusoids. Due to the nonlinearity of the system, the output frequencies are arithmetically related to the input. Using third-order cumulant statistics and their associated bispectrum, techniques are devised based on phase-insensitive matrix structures for detection and frequency estimation of coupling frequencies. The separation of the third-order cumulant series into symmetric and skew-symmetric portions allows one to exploit their characteristic eigendecompositions for frequency estimation. After symmetrization, biphases can be easily extracted as coefficients of the cumulant sequence. Using a generalized eigenvector representation, one can relate symmetric and skew-symmetric bases by a subspace rotation algorithm. Biphases can be estimated directly from generalized eigenvalues of the matrix pencil formed by symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices. The dimensionality of the matrices can be reduced through the use of cumulant projections that yield a slice of the bispectrum. The Radon transform procedure is related to bispectral processing through an isotropic radial-slice Volterra filter. The compact third-order Kronecker product matrix formulation and algorithms for coupling frequency estimation can also be converted for use in biphase estimation. Simulations showing the performance of the above procedures are also presented for both synthetic and biomedical time series.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pharmacokinetic profile of a 24-hour controlled-release OROS® formulation of hydromorphone in the presence and absence of food (2007)

Standard bioavailability measures show minimal effect of food on the bioavailability of hydromorphone from OROS hydromorphone. Naltrexone co-administration results in a slight increase in the rate of absorption but not the extent of absorption.
UNRAVELING THE MYSTERY OF NATURAL RUBBER BIOSYNTHESIS. PART I: INVESTIGATION OF THE COMPOSITION AND GROWTH OF IN VITRO NATURAL RUBBER USING HIGH RESOLUTION SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY (2011)

Abstract Monitoring the growth of in vitro natural rubber was accomplished by high resolution size exclusion chromatography, SEC. Washed rubber particles isolated from H. brasiliensis latex, containing the rubber transferase enzyme, were used to catalyze the polymerization of synthetic isopentenyl pyrophosphate monomer in the presence of farnesyl pyrophosphate initiator. The high-resolution SEC was able to detect the formation of new rubber. Changes in the low molecular weight fraction were also detected. Gravimetric analysis revealed ∼30% mass gain after the in vitro synthesis. The overall gel content was found to be reduced, which further supported the formation of new rubber. This is the first report that utilizes high-resolution SEC to monitor the in vitro NR growth without the use of radiolabeling.
Effects of implicit sharing in collaborative analysis (2014)

When crime analysts collaborate to solve crime cases, they need to share insights in order to connect the clues, identify a pattern, and attribute the crime to the right culprit. We designed a collaborative analysis tool to explore the value of implicitly sharing insights and notes, without requiring analysts to explicitly push information or request it from each other. In an experiment, pairs of remote individuals played the role of crime analysts solving a set of serial killer crimes with both partners having some, but not all, relevant clues. When implicit sharing of notes was available, participants remembered more clues related to detecting the serial killer, and they perceived the tool as more useful compared to when implicit sharing was not available.
171Yb+ Microwave Frequency Standard (2007)

Microwave frequency standards based on the 12.6 GHz ground state hyperfine transition in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">171</sup> Yb <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> have been under development at the National Measurement Institute, Australia, for many years. Using a laser-cooled ion cloud, the transition frequency was measured in 2001 to an accuracy of 8 parts in 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> , limited by the homogeneity of the magnetic field. Uncertainties associated with field inhomogeneity in the new vacuum system are now below 1 part in 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> . We demonstrate that other systematic uncertainties such as AC Zeeman shift, microwave imperfections and pressure shifts permit operation in the 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> accuracy range. The performance of the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">171</sup> Yb <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> microwave standard can therefore be comparable to that of a caesium fountain.
Controlling Lipid Membrane Architecture for Tunable Nanoplasmonic Biosensing (2014)

Tunable nanoplasmonic biosensing for lipid and protein applications is reported based on controlling lipid membrane architecture on surfaces. The interaction of a peptide with lipid membranes is highly sensitive to the membrane architecture on top of plasmonic nanodisks, and the measurement response varies in a manner which is consistent with the surrounding lipid environment.
Heterogeneous sensitized decomposition of water with sunlight. Final progress report, 1 Jul 1975--30 Jun 1976 (1976)

Studies of the sensitization of TiO/sup 2/ electrodes to visible light to achieve the photoelectrolysis of water with sunlight have been undertaken. Sensitization has been accomplished by: (1) impurity doping; (/sup 2/) dye sensitization; and (/sup 3/) heterojunction formation. Hydrogen gas has been generated in photoelectrolysis cells with visible light using both Cr-doped TiO/sup 2/ and TiO/sup 2//CdSe heterojunction electrodes. Photocurrents in response to visible excitation were observed with a number of dyes. Quantum efficiencies as high as 100% were achieved with UV excitation (360nm) of Al-doped TiO/sup 2/ electrodes, which have a sunlight engineering efficiency of 0.75%. Hydrogen was produced by UV excitation of SrTiO3 without an external bias. (GRA)
Immunohistochemical characterization of Fas (CD95) and Fas Ligand (FasL/CD95L) expression in the injured brain: relationship with neuronal cell death and inflammatory mediators. (2007)

Traumatic brain injury causes progressive tissue atrophy and consequent neurological dysfunction, resulting from neuronal cell death in both animal models and patients. Fas (CD95) and Fas ligand (FasL/CD95L) are important mediators of apoptosis. However, little is known about the relationship between Fas and FasL and neuronal cell death in mice lacking the genes for inflammatory cytokines. In the present study, double tumor necrosis factor/lymphotoxin-alpha knockout (-/-) and interleukin-6-/- mice were subjected to closed head injury (CHI) and sacrificed at 24 hours or 7 days post-injury. Consecutive brain sections were evaluated for Fas and FasL expression, in situ DNA fragmentation (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling; TUNEL), morphologic characteristics of apoptotic cell death and leukocyte infiltration. A peak incidence of TUNEL positive cells was found in the injured cortex at 24 hours which remained slightly elevated at 7 days and coincided with maximum Fas expression. FasL was only moderately increased at 24 hours and showed maximum expression at 7 days. A few TUNEL positive cells were also found in the ipsilateral hippocampus at 24 hours. Apoptotic, TUNEL positive cells mostly co-localized with neurons and Fas and FasL immunoreactivity. The amount of accumulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and CD11b positive cells was maximal in the injured hemispheres at 24 hours. We show strong evidence that Fas and FasL might be involved in neuronal apoptosis after CHI. Furthermore, Fas and FasL upregulation seems to be independent of neuroinflammation since no differences were found between cytokine-/- and wild-type mice.
Computational study of a complex three-dimensional shock boundary-layer interaction (2015)

Shock boundary–layer interactions occur in many high-speed aerodynamic flows and they can have a notable impact on design considerations due to the aerodynamic and heat transfer effects. Consequently there is a notable interest in understanding the ability of computational tools to calculate the complex flow fields that can arise in a range of engineering applications. Three-dimensional complex shock boundary layer interaction studies are expensive in both time and computational resources. Although recent studies have begun to focus on the use of more complex computational methods such as large eddy simulations, the aim of this research is to assess the ability of steady Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes turbulence models to simulate the interaction of a planar shock impinging on a cylindrical body under supersonic conditions and to determine if these models have a role to play in engineering design applications. The performance of both eddy viscosity and Reynolds stress models are evaluated relative to an established experimental test case. The impact of Reynolds number and impinging shock strength are also considered. Of the eddy viscosity models it was shown that the Spalart-Allmaras model is unsuitable for this complex interaction and that the k- and Reynolds stress methods both gave notably better agreement with the measured surface static pressures. Overall it was considered that the Reynolds stress method was the best model as it also provided better agreement with the measured surface flow topology. It was concluded that, although a steady Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes approach has known limitations for this type of complex interaction, within an engineering context it can also provide useful results when applied appropriately.
The conserved DNA-binding domains encoded by the herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP4, pseudorabies virus IE180, and varicella-zoster virus ORF62 genes recognize similar sites in the corresponding promoters (1991)

Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), pseudorabies virus (PRV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) are all classified as Alphaherpesvirinae. Each of these five viruses encodes an essential immediate-early (IE) regulatory protein referred to as HSV-1 ICP4, HSV-2 ICP4, PRV IE180, VZV ORF62 protein, and EHV-1 IE1, respectively. These five proteins share extensive homology with each other in domains referred to as regions 2 and 4. The HSV-1 ICP4 region 2 domain contains residues that are required for the DNA-binding capability of ICP4. In this report, we describe the expression of region 2 domains from the ICP4, IE180, and ORF62 genes as fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. DNA-binding assays revealed that each of these region 2 fusion proteins binds to a sequence that overlaps the transcription start site in the promoter for the gene encoding the corresponding protein. Each of the sites with high affinity for one or more of these fusion proteins contains the sequence 5'-ATCGT-3'. This sequence spans the mRNA cap site in the HSV-2 ICP4 gene promoter and is immediately upstream from the transcription start site in the EHV-1 IE1 gene. These results suggest that formation of a specific complex between an IE protein and its own gene promoter may be a common mechanism used by Alphaherpesvirinae to autoregulate transcription of an essential IE gene.
Structure-Based Approach to the Development of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Dihydrofolate Reductase from Cryptosporidium (2008)

Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging infectious disease that can be life-threatening in an immune-compromised individual and causes gastrointestinal distress lasting up to 2 weeks in an immune-competent individual. There are few therapeutics available for effectively treating this disease. We have been exploring dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) as a potential target in Cryptosporidium. On the basis of the structure of the DHFR enzyme from C. hominis, we have developed a novel scaffold that led to the discovery of potent (38 nM) and efficient inhibitors of this enzyme. Recently, we have advanced these inhibitors to the next stage of development. Using the structures of both the protozoal and human enzymes, we have developed inhibitors with nanomolar potency (1.1 nM) against the pathogenic enzyme and high levels (1273-fold) of selectivity over the human enzyme.
Influence of CdS/CdTe interface properties on the device properties (2002)

In this paper, the authors have focused on the formation and the role of the CdS/CdTe interface on CdTe solar cells. The devices were made using chemical bath deposited (CBD) CdS on SnO/sub 2//glass substrates and the CdTe was deposited by close spaced sublimation (CSS) and subsequently CdCl/sub 2/ treated and annealed. Compositional analysis showed considerable interdiffusion of Te and S as well as Cl accumulation at the interface. Micro-photoluminescence (PL) analysis reveals sulfur accumulation at the grain boundaries and a graded CdS/sub x/Te/sub 1-x/ alloy at the interface. Their analysis leads them to conclude that Cl accumulation and anion vacancies result in a one sided n/sup +/-p junction. This model could explain the collection loss in the CdS layer, seen in the spectral response of CdS/CdTe devices.
Linear energy transfer of proton clusters (2011)

In conventional particle accelerators, protons are produced in long pulses, in which the average inter-proton distance is in the order of tens of centimeters or more. Therefore, the radiobiology of conventionally accelerated protons is primarily governed by the interaction of a single proton with the cell. In a laser-plasma interaction scheme, the accelerated protons come as a single bunch of particles (less than 1 ps in duration) with inter particle distances that are many orders of magnitude shorter than those in conventional particle accelerators. As laser-accelerated protons traverse the medium, they not only interact with each other, but also with the host medium. It is shown that when the average distance between protons in a cluster is less than or equal to their velocity divided by the characteristic frequency of the collective excitations supported by the medium, the cluster's linear stopping power increases and can reach several times that of sparsely distributed protons. As a result, the elevated radio biological effectiveness of the proton cluster may take place and conditions for its experimental observation are presented.
Optimal Rational Approximations by the Modified Fourier Basis (2018)

We consider convergence acceleration of the modified Fourier expansions by rational trigonometric corrections which lead to modified-trigonometric-rational approximations. The rational corrections contain some unknown parameters and determination of their optimal values for improved pointwise convergence is the main goal of this paper. The goal was accomplished by deriving the exact constants of the asymptotic errors of the approximations with further elimination of the corresponding main terms by appropriate selection of those parameters. Numerical experiments outline the convergence improvement of the optimal rational approximations compared to the expansions by the modified Fourier basis.
Presenilins and -Secretase: Structure, Function, and Role in Alzheimer Disease (2011)

Presenilins were first discovered as sites of missense mutations responsible for early-onset Alzheimer disease (AD). The encoded multipass membrane proteins were subsequently found to be the catalytic components of γ-secretases, membrane-embedded aspartyl protease complexes responsible for generating the carboxyl terminus of the amyloid β-protein (Aβ) from the amyloid protein precursor (APP). The protease complex also cleaves a variety of other type I integral membrane proteins, most notably the Notch receptor, signaling from which is involved in many cell differentiation events. Although γ-secretase is a top target for developing disease-modifying AD therapeutics, interference with Notch signaling should be avoided. Compounds that alter Aβ production by γ-secretase without affecting Notch proteolysis and signaling have been identified and are currently at various stages in the drug development pipeline.