gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of a tellurium ion-selective membrane electrode using an anion-exchange resin and its application to chemical analysis of industrial materials. (2000)

The preparation and application of a coated-graphite tellurium(IV)ion-selective electrode, based on the TeCl62- form anion-exchange resin fixed in a poly(vinyl chloride)matrix, are described.The effects of the hydrochloric acid concentration and interference ions were investigated.The electrode showed a near-Nernstian slope of 30±2mV/decade over a tellurium(IV)ion concentration range of 3×10-4−10-2mol dm-3 and a response time of 30s in 6mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid solution.Na+, K+ and Ca2+ do not interfere, but other ions, such as Bi3+, Cd2+, Fe3+, Ga3+, Sb3+, ClO4-, PO43- and SO42-, cause interference.The electrode has been successfully used to determine tellurium in Bi2Te3 and CdTe after the separation of tellurium from bismuth or cadmium by the hydroxide precipitation method in the presence of EDTA as a masking reagent for bismuth and cadmium.
AaORA, a trichome‐specific AP2/ERF transcription factor of Artemisia annua, is a positive regulator in the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway and in disease resistance to Botrytis cinerea (2013)

· Six transcription factors of APETALA2/ethylene-response factor (AP2/ERF) family were cloned and analyzed in Artemisia annua. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-Q-PCR) showed that AaORA exhibited similar expression patterns to those of amorpha-4,11-diene synthase gene (ADS), cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxylase gene (CYP71AV1) and double bond reductase 2 gene (DBR2) in different tissues of A. annua. · AaORA is a trichome-specific transcription factor, which is expressed in both glandular secretory trichomes (GSTs) and nonglandular T-shaped trichomes (TSTs) of A. annua. The result of subcellular localization shows that AaORA is targeted to the nuclei and the cytoplasm. · Overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) of AaORA in A. annua regulated, positively and significantly, the expression levels of ADS, CYP71AV1, DBR2 and AaERF1. The up-regulated or down-regulated expression levels of these genes resulted in a significant increase or decrease in artemisinin and dihydroartemisinic acid. The results demonstrate that AaORA is a positive regulator in the biosynthesis of artemisinin. · Overexpression of AaORA in Arabidopsis thaliana increased greatly the transcript levels of the defense marker genes PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2), HEVEIN-LIKE PROTEIN (HEL) and BASIC CHITINASE (B-CHI). After inoculation with Botrytis cinerea, the phenotypes of AaORA overexpression in A. thaliana and AaORA RNAi in A. annua demonstrate that AaORA is a positive regulator of disease resistance to B. cinerea.
Physically Based Modeling of Stress-Induced Variation in Nanoscale Transistor Performance (2011)

Uniaxial stress is widely used in advanced CMOS technologies to boost transistor performance. Conventional compact transistor models rely on empirical fitting of the average channel stress value to predict mobility and, hence, transistor performance. This approach can lead to significant errors for deeply scaled technologies. In this paper, stress profiles are modeled in analytical form, using a physically based approach. The stress model is validated by 3-D TCAD simulations. A nanometer-scale transistor intrinsic delay formula based on injection velocity theory is then applied. The predicted variation in transistor performance compares well with the measured silicon data for a 45-nm strained CMOS technology.
Software quality prediction techniques: A comparative analysis (2008)

There are many software quality prediction techniques available in literature to predict software quality. However, literature lacks a comprehensive study to evaluate and compare various prediction methodologies so that quality professionals may select an appropriate predictor. To find a technique which performs better in general is an undecidable problem because behavior of a predictor also depends on many other specific factors like problem domain, nature of dataset, uncertainty in the available data etc. We have conducted an empirical survey of various software quality prediction techniques and compared their performance in terms of various evaluation metrics. In this paper, we have presented comparison of 30 techniques on two standard datasets.
Talbot’s bands (1993)

This classic experiment has been largely ignored by modern text book authors. It is worth reviewing for historical reasons and also because it provides a simple yet striking example of the role of group velocity in interferometry.
Real-time sensor fault detection and isolation in power system with hardware implementation (2016)

In large scale power systems, the integration of intelligent sensor fault detection and isolation system increases the system resiliency and the control robustness. It allows to monitor the health of sensors without relying on hardware redundancy. This paper investigates a real-time sensor failure detection and isolation algorithm with hardware implementation based on the standard IEEE 14-bus System. The results indicate that this method is effective and could be utilized into real-world application for resilient control in power system.
Noise-robust recursive motion estimation for H.263-based videoconferencing systems (1999)

The key element in realizing low cost real-time software implementations of a H.263 videoconferencing system is a fast motion estimation algorithm, which only slightly decreases coding efficiency. We propose a spatio-temporal recursive estimator that combines an excellent coding efficiency with a high computational efficiency. Experimentally, the new algorithm proves to be comparable to full-search block matching when encoding typical videoconferencing sequences in presence of additive noise, even though the computational burden has been greatly reduced.
Chondroitinase ABC digestion of dermatan sulphate. N.m.r. spectroscopic characterization of the oligo- and poly-saccharides (1989)

Dermatan sulphates, in which iduronate was the predominant uronate constituent, were partially digested by chondroitinase ABC to produce oligosaccharides of the following structure: delta UA-[GalNAc(4SO3)-IdoA]mGalNAc(4SO3) [where m = 0-5, delta UA represents beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronate, IdoA represents alpha-L-iduronate and GalNAc(4SO3) represents 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactose 4-O-sulphate], which were fractionated by gel-permeation chromatography and examined by 100 MHz 13C-n.m.r. and 400/500 MHz 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Experimental conditions were established for the removal of non-reducing terminal unsaturated uronate residues by treatment with HgCL2, and reducing terminal N-acetylgalactosamine residues of the oligosaccharides were reduced with alkaline borohydride. These modifications were shown by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy to have proceeded to completion. Assignments of both 13C-n.m.r. and 1H-n.m.r. resonances are reported for the GalNAc(4SO3)-IdoA repeat sequence in the oligosaccharides as well as for the terminal residues resulting from enzyme digestion and subsequent modifications. A full analysis of a trisaccharide derived from dermatan sulphate led to the amendment of published 13C-n.m.r. chemical-shift assignments for the polymer.
P51: A novel synthetic method for the controlled production of particle desired size for Y2O3:Eu phosphor using copolymer microgels of NIPAM (2002)

Neuronal accumulations of the presynaptic protein α-synuclein represent a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies are other neurodegenerative diseases in which α-synuclein aggregates are the main pathological characteristic. This is why these diseases are summarized as synucleinopathies. The abnormal α-Synuclein accumulation eventually results in the formation of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in surviving neurons of the brain. α-Synuclein aggregation has been widely researched in vitro but little is known about α-synuclein aggregation in vivo. This is why it is still unclear whether α-synuclein accumulation and/or which of the resulting aggregates (soluble oligomers or insoluble fibrils) actually trigger neurotoxic events. In our study, we employed the robust genetic makeup of Drosophila melanogaster in combination with bimolecular fluorescence complementation and developed an in vivo assay allowing to determine abundance of soluble α-synuclein aggregates (most likely oligomers). Insoluble α-synuclein aggregates (most likely fibrils) are detected by filter retardation assay. We provide an experimental outline to verify the reported assay system. The described method is easy, inexpensive, fast, and sensitive. Altogether, the described assay system is ideal for large-scale screening approaches aiming to test/identify compounds/conditions that affect α-synuclein aggregation in vivo.Moreover, the experimental outline reported here could serve as a template to analyze aggregation of proteins other than α-synuclein. As accumulation of specific proteins is a hallmark of almost every neurodegenerative disease, only minor changes to our protocol should be necessary for a similar analysis. We have put special focus on critical evaluation steps to consider when adapting our protocol to other aggregate-forming proteins.
Novel antitumor complexes of bispecific antibodies using ALT-803 as a scaffold demonstrate Tetra-specific binding activities (2017)

Abstract IL-15 and its receptor α (IL-15Ra) are co-expressed in antigen presenting cells allowing trans-presentation of IL-15 to immune cells bearing IL-2Rβγc and stimulation of effector immune responses. We have demonstrated that an IL-15 superagonist:IL-15Rα-Fc complex (ALT-803) is capable of stimulating T cell and NK cell responses. We have reported that ALT-803 could be exploited to create a functional scaffold for the design of multivalent disease-targeted complexes (Liu et al, J. Biol. Chem. 2016 291: 23869). The lead molecule based on anti-CD20 rituximab is currently in pre-clinical development. In this study, this approach was further optimized by generating an IL-15 superagonist:IL-15Rα-Fc complex (2B8T3M) comprising two anti-human CD20 scFv domains and two anti-human CD3 scFv domains. 2B8T3M molecules exhibit CD3, CD20, Fc-receptor and IL-15Rbgc tetra-specific binding activities and IL-15 bioactivity. In contrast to 2B8T2M which redirects NK cells to lyse CD20+ B-lymphoma cells (ADCC), 2B8T3M was capable of redirecting both CD8+ T cells via the anti-CD3 scFv domains and NK cells via the Fc domain against CD20+ Daudi cells. In order to investigate antitumor activities in vivo of the tetra-specific molecules in immunocompetent mouse, we have also constructed and generated mouse CD3/CD19-binding T3M complexes. Antitumor efficacy of these molecules is being assessed in mouse A20 B cell lymphoma model. These findings suggest that tetra-specific T3M complexes may serve as novel, T-cell based targeted immunotherapeutics for treating cancer.
Apolipoprotein C-III inhibits triglyceride hydrolysis by GPIHBP1-bound LPL (2017)

apoC-III is often assumed to retard the intravascular processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) by inhibiting LPL, but that view is based largely on studies of free LPL. We now recognize that intravascular LPL is neither free nor loosely bound, but instead is tightly bound to glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored HDL-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) on endothelial cells. Here, we revisited the effects of apoC-III on LPL, focusing on apoC-III's capacity to affect the activity of GPIHBP1-bound LPL. We found that TRLs from <i>APOC3</i> transgenic mice bound normally to GPIHBP1-bound LPL on cultured cells in vitro and to heart capillaries in vivo. However, the triglycerides in apoC-III-enriched TRLs were hydrolyzed more slowly by free LPL, and the inhibitory effect of apoC-III on triglyceride lipolysis was exaggerated when LPL was bound to GPIHBP1 on the surface of agarose beads. Also, recombinant apoC-III reduced triglyceride hydrolysis by free LPL only modestly, but the inhibitory effect was greater when the LPL was bound to GPIHBP1. A mutant apoC-III associated with low plasma triglyceride levels (p.A23T) displayed a reduced capacity to inhibit free and GPIHBP1-bound LPL. Our results show that apoC-III potently inhibits triglyceride hydrolysis when LPL is bound to GPIHBP1.
Carrier localization effect in polarized InGaN multiple quantum wells (2005)

Carrier localization effects in polarized InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) were investigated as a function of well width, d, and In content, x. Using photoreflectance (PR), photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation (PLE), selective excitation of PL, PL excitation power, and time-resolved PL spectroscopy, the dominance of the localization effect against the built-in field effect on carrier recombination dynamics in InxGa1–xN MQWs of different well width (d = 2.0–4.0 nm, x ≈ 0.15) and In content (x ≈ 0.22–0.27, d = 2.5 nm) was revealed. Based on the modeling of the PL spectra by Monte Carlo simulation of exciton hopping and the spectroscopic reference provided by PR, increased In content and well width were found to increase the band potential fluctuations and carrier localization depth. The density of localized states deduced from the simulation was found to be in a fair agreement with the PLE data. The built-in field strength in InGaN QWs containing 15% of In was estimated to be of 0.5 MV/cm. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Immunogenicity of Freeze-Dried and Deep-Frozen Bone Allografts (1976)

In the present work, a chromium release cytotoxicity test was used to study the cellular and/or humoral immunity of rabbits receiving freeze-dried and deep-frozen (-170 C) cortical or cancellous bone allografts. The allografts were placed orthotopically in the iliac crest of rabbits. The chromium-labeled (51) lymphocytes of the donor stimulated with phytohemagglutinin were used as target cells in the presence of serum or the lymphocytes of the recipient. When the allograft consisted of freeze-dried cortical bone, immunization was noted only in one of the six rabbits. On the other hand, when the cortical or cancellous allograft was deep frozen, immunization appeared in all the animals.
Are Anti-TNF-α Agents Safe for Treating Psoriasis in Hepatitis C Virus Patients with Advanced Liver Disease? Case Reports and Review of the Literature (2015)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors represent an effective treatment for severe psoriasis in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. The literature reports mainly on short-term treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis with minimum-to-moderate activity with an acceptable safety profile. We report the first 2 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising in HCV psoriatic patients with advanced liver disease during long-term treatment with etanercept. Our first patient, known to have had HCV infection for 41 years, developed an HCC after 21 months of therapy with etanercept (50 mg/week). The second patient, HCV+ for 20 years, was treated for 58 months with the same therapy, and despite no signs of liver function impairment was diagnosed with HCC. Both of them presented with cirrhosis, which was diagnosed 9 and 5 years earlier, respectively. It remains to be clarified whether there is any connection between psoriasis treatment with anti-TNF-α agents and the development of HCC in HCV-infected patients. Further long-term, follow-up studies and registries of HCV patients with mild/moderate activity may contribute to clarify this issue.
Evaluation of the microcirculation in critically ill patients (2015)

Adequate monitoring of patients on intensive care units is of highest priority to provide optimal treatment and to detect patients at risk. Within recent years the microcirculation became more and more attention due to its central importance for the outcome of patients. Microcirculatory disorders may include capillary flow disturbances as well as changes in the density of perfused vessels. In the clinical setting, the most often used parameter to detect alterations in the microcirculation is serum lactate. Since this parameter is characterized by major limitations, other strategies including non-invasive methods to quantify microvascular perfusion have been developed. A successful surveillance of the microcirculation in the individual patient may guide diagnostic and treatment strategies in order to optimize organ perfusion and oxygenation, subsequently leading to an individualized therapy. Intravital microscopy has been used to stratify patients at risk and to predict patients' outcome. The aim of this review is to evaluate clinical correlates of microcirculatory disorders as well as giving an overview of newer diagnostic devices that may directly or indirectly evaluate the microcirculation and are available for use in critically ill patients.
Effects of Work Function and Electron Affinity on the Performance of Carrier-Selective Contacts in Silicon Solar Cells Using ZnSn$_\text{} x $ Ge$_\text{} 1-x $N$_\text{2}$ as a Case Study (2021)

This work reports the electrical characterization of ZnSn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_\text{} x $</tex-math></inline-formula></sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_\text{} 1-x $</tex-math></inline-formula></sub> N <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_\text{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (ZTGN) layers <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(10\% &lt; x &lt; 90\%)$</tex-math></inline-formula> deposited on glass by combinatorial sputtering and further assesses the performance of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells featuring them as electron-selective contacts. Bandgap, dark conductivity, and the activation energy of the latter were found to significantly change between Sn- and Ge-rich samples. When applying ZTGN layers as electron-selective contacts for SHJ solar cells, poor solar cell performance was observed, with surprisingly similar results despite changes in material properties. From analysis and modeling of the current–voltage characteristics using several device structures, we show that the work function of the electron-selective contact lies around 4.35 eV for all investigated Sn and Ge contents, which is too high to form an excellent electron-selective contact. By comparing different solar cell architectures, we could further identify that the Ge-rich layer imposes an additional barrier to electron extraction, independently of its poor selectivity, due to its low conductivity. Doping of Ge-rich ZTGN, thus, appears as the most relevant approach to build efficient devices with a ZTGN contact layer.
Quantitative implementation of Preisach‐Mayergoyz space to find static and dynamic elastic moduli in rock (1997)

In this paper we describe the analysis of quasi‐static stress‐strain data using a Preisach‐Mayergoyz (PM) [after Preisach, 1935; Mayergoyz, 1985] space picture for the elastic behavior of rock. In contrast to the traditional analytic approach to stress strain (an energy density as a function of the strain invariants), the PM space picture reproduces hysteresis and discrete memory seen in the data. In addition, the PM space picture establishes a relationship between experimental data and a number density ρ of microscopic mechanical units within the rock. The density ρ allows us to make quantitative predictions of dynamic elastic properties. Determining ρ from quasi‐static stress‐strain data requires us to solve a highly underdetermined inverse problem. We explore the following three methods of solving the inverse problem: simulated annealing, normal modes, and exponential decay. All three methods are tested on a Berea sandstone data set and found to give an excellent description of stress versus strain. Choosing one method, the normal mode method, we analyze quasi‐static stress‐strain curves on two additional sandstones, namely, another sample of Berea and a sample of Castlegate sandstone. From the density ρ for each sample we predict the dynamic modulus as a function of pressure and the nonlinear elastic constants. For each of these cases the agreement between the predictions based on ρ and experiment is quite good. We establish that PM space provides a quantitative description of the elastic response of a rock and that PM space may be found by a variety of inversion methods.
Bicarbonate-dependent Peroxidase Activity of Human Cu,Zn-Superoxide Dismutase Induces Covalent Aggregation of Protein (2003)

This study addresses the mechanism of covalent aggregation of human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (hSOD1WT) induced by bicarbonate (HCO3-)-mediated peroxidase activity. Higher molecular weight species (apparent dimers and trimers) of hSOD1WT were formed from incubation mixtures containing hSOD1WT, H2O2, and HCO3-. HCO3--dependent peroxidase activity and covalent aggregation of hSOD1WT were mimicked by UV photolysis of hSOD1-WT in the presence of a [Co(NH3)5CO3]+ complex that generates the carbonate radical anion (CO3.). Human SOD1WT has but one aromatic residue, a tryptophan residue (Trp-32) on the surface of the protein. Substitution of Trp-32 with phenylalanine produced a mutant (hSOD1W32F) that exhibits HCO3--dependent peroxidase activity similar to wild-type enzyme. However, unlike hSOD1WT, incubations containing hSOD1W32F,H2O2, and HCO3-did not result in covalent aggregation of SOD1. These findings indicate that Trp-32 is crucial for CO3.-induced covalent aggregation of hSOD1WT. Spin-trapping results revealed the formation of the Trp-32 radical from hSOD1WT, but not from hSOD1W32F. Spin traps also inhibited the covalent aggregation of hSOD1WT. Fluorescence experiments revealed that Trp-32 was further oxidized by CO3., forming kynurenine-type products in the presence of oxygen. Molecular oxygen was needed for HCO3-/H2O2-dependent aggregation of hSOD1WT, implicating a role for a Trp-32-dependent peroxidative reaction in the covalent aggregation of hSOD1WT. Taken together, these results indicate that Trp-32 oxidation is crucial for covalent aggregation of hSOD1. Implications of HCO3--dependent SOD1 peroxidase activity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease are discussed.