gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Confirmation Bias and Specificity of Electromyography for Radiculopathy (P3.164) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: To assess: 1. how history and physical exam influence EMG interpretation (confirmation bias); 2. the true specificity and sensitivity of EMG using blinded reviewers; 3. inter- and intra-rater agreement of EMG. BACKGROUND: Despite routine use of EMG in practice, no study has evaluated its predisposition to confirmation bias (history/exam influencing the results of the test) or its specificity. There is only scant literature assessing inter- and intra-rater reliability. We evaluate these parameters. DESIGN/METHODS: A standard root screen was performed using needle EMG in normal subjects and patients with radiculopathy. Radiculopathy was defined by a clinical gold standard. Three CDs of the same 20 EMG recordings in varying order were created. Three electromyographers from different academic centers evaluated each CD independently one month apart. The first two CDs were evaluated without clinical information. CD-3 included history and examination findings. Evaluators provided their interpretation using an ordinal scale for denervation and reinnervation and a diagnosis: normal or radiculopathy, and if radiculopathy, the level(s), duration and severity. Descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS: Specificity of EMG for diagnosis of radiculopathy was 77[percnt]; sensitivity was 73[percnt]. Sensitivity was 40[percnt] for mild-moderate radiculopathy and increased to 80[percnt] for moderate-severe radiculopathy. Availability of clinical information changed diagnosis in only 2/60 recordings; both changes concurred with the clinical information. Mean intra-rater reproducibility was 80[percnt] (all subjects), 87[percnt] (radiculopathy) and 73[percnt] (normals). Mean inter-rater agreement was 63[percnt] (all subjects), 70[percnt] (radiculopathy) and 53[percnt] (normals). Inter-rater agreement for denervation was 91[percnt], but only 60[percnt] for reinnervation. CONCLUSIONS: Although confirmation bias is present in the EMG assessment of radiculopathy, it is likely not large. EMG specificity for detecting radiculopathy is fair (77[percnt]). Intra-rater reproducibility is good (80[percnt]). Inter-rater agreement is high for denervation (91[percnt]) but only modest (60[percnt]) for reinnervation. Sensitivity improves with increasing severity of radiculopathy. Support: K24 NS060951
OP25.10: Correlation between placental underperfusion and perinatal morbidity in late‐onset SGA (2014)

To investigate in late onset-SGA fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler placental whether signs of placental underperfusion confer higher risk of neonatal morbidity. A cohort of 126 SGA singleton fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler delivered after 34 weeks was created. For each case, the placenta was histologically evaluated for signs of PUP using a hierarchical and standardized classification system. Neonatal morbidity was assessed by calculation of the MAIN score, a validated outcome scale. The independent association between PUP and neonatal morbidity was evaluated using of the median. In 84 cases (66.7%), placental histological findings were qualified as signs of PUP. These cases had a significantly higher incidence of Caesarean section (CS) for non-reassuring fetal status (44.1% vs. 21.4%; p = 0.013) and neonatal metabolic acidosis at birth (33.3% vs. 14.3%; p = 0.023). The median MAIN score significantly differed between groups (89 vs. 0; p = 0.025). This difference remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders. The proportion of cases with mild to severe morbidity score was also significantly higher in the PUP group (31% vs. 14.3%; p = 0.043). Supporting information can be found in the online version of this abstract Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Factors controlling the circulating CEA levels in pancreatic cancer: Some clinical correlations (1981)

This paper summarizes some of the factors that influence plasma CEA levels in patients with pancreatic cancer. The serial CEA findings become clinically useful when placed in context with the patient's clinical course, tumor pathology and spread, response to therapy (especially surgery), and presence or absence of jaundice. The use of serial CEA determinations reflects these several factors, providing opportunities for earlier diagnosis, evidence of curative resectability , detection of recurrence and metastatic spread. When improved therapy becomes available, it will provide a useful index of its effectiveness. Whether the diagnosis is early enough to permit curative surgery remains to be seen.
REPEATABILITY OF FRICTION MEASUREMENT DEVICES IN SELF-WETTING MODE (2001)

A series of tests to establish repeatability values for several friction measurement devices was conducted at the 8th Annual Tire/Runway Friction Workshop at NASA Wallops Flight Facility in May 2001. The study determined average reported friction values, standard deviation, standard error, coefficient of variation and range of variation for nine friction measurement devices in self-wetting mode on 12 different runway and taxiway surfaces. The results of this study show that repeatability statistics depend on the friction pair: the friction measurement device and surface. An overall average coefficient of variation of 5 percent was determined for the participating devices and the surfaces measured. For all wetted pavement surfaces measured, a standard deviation of 0.027 of mixed units of friction measurements was achieved. Harmonization to a common unit of friction measurement, such as the International Friction Index, is suggested before calculating repeatability statistics on wet pavement.
Electrophoretic and immunochemical analyses of the lipopolysaccharides from various strains of Aeromonas hydrophila (1985)

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the lipopolysaccharides isolated from strains of Aeromonas hydrophila which exhibit virulence for fish and which autoaggregate during growth in static broth culture. The lipopolysaccharides contained O-polysaccharide chains of homogeneous chain length. Two of the strains produced a surface protein array, and immunofluorescence and phage-binding studies revealed that a number of these O-polysaccharide chains of homogeneous length traversed the protein array and were exposed on the cell surface. Immunochemical analyses by immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation with both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies revealed the presence of three epitopes on the polysaccharide moiety of this homogenous-chain-length lipopolysaccharide morphotype. One epitope was species serogroup specific and reactive by immunoblotting. This epitope was not present on the heterogeneous-chain-length O polysaccharides of nonautoaggregating strains of A. hydrophila examined. The second epitope was conformation dependent and cross-reactive with an epitope on the homogenous-chain-length O polysaccharides of Aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide. The third epitope was recognized by a monoclonal antibody and appeared to involve that region of the A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida lipopolysaccharide molecules which contained the O-polysaccharide-core oligosaccharide glycosidic linkage.
Sertoli cell-specific ablation of miR-17-92 cluster significantly alters whole testis transcriptome without apparent phenotypic effects (2018)

MicroRNAs are frequently organized into polycistronic clusters whose transcription is controlled by a single promoter. The miR-17-92 cluster is expressed in most embryonic and postnatal organs. It is a potent oncogene associated to several types of cancer and it is involved in several important developmental processes. In the testis, expression of the miR-17-92 cluster in the germ cells is necessary to maintain normal spermatogenesis. This cluster is also expressed in Sertoli cells (the somatic cells of the seminiferous tubules), which require miRNAs for correct cell development and survival. To study the possible role of miR-17-92 in Sertoli cell development and function and, in order to overcome the postnatal lethality of miR-17-92-/ mice, we conditionally deleted it in embryonic Sertoli cells shortly after the sex determination stage using an Amh-Cre allele. Mutant mice developed apparently normal testes and were fertile, but their testis transcriptomes contained hundreds of moderately deregulated genes, indicating that testis homeostasis is tightly controlled in mammals and that miR-17-92 expression in Sertoli cells contribute to maintain normal gene expression levels, but is unnecessary for testis development and function. Our results show that significant deregulation of hundreds of genes might have no functional consequences.
[Comparison of growth of human fetal RPE cells on electrospun nanofibers and etched pore polyester membranes]. (2012)

EPN and EPP could maintain human fetal RPE cell attachment and proliferation. Both EPN and EPP appeared to be grossly tolerance and biocompatible with subretinal implantation. EPN represents an intriguing prospect for prosthetic Bruch's membrane replacement because of its similarity in structure to native Bruch's membrane.
High-Precision Depth Estimation with the 3D LiDAR and Stereo Fusion (2018)

We present a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for high-precision depth estimation by jointly utilizing sparse 3D LiDAR and dense stereo depth information. In this network, the complementary characteristics of sparse 3D LiDAR and dense stereo depth are simultaneously encoded in a boosting manner. Tailored to the LiDAR and stereo fusion problem, the proposed network differs from previous CNNs in the incorporation of a compact convolution module, which can be deployed with the constraints of mobile devices. As training data for the LiDAR and stereo fusion is rather limited, we introduce a simple yet effective approach for reproducing the raw KITTI dataset. The raw LiDAR scans are augmented by adapting an off-the-shelf stereo algorithm and a confidence measure. We evaluate the proposed network on the KITTI benchmark and data collected by our multi-sensor acquisition system. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed network generalizes across datasets and is significantly more accurate than various baseline approaches.
A data fusion architecture for enhanced position estimation in wireless networks (2001)

The problem of position determination of a mobile user in a wireless network has been studied extensively-particularly in the context of military operations and emergency 911 service in cellular networks. The Global Positioning System (GPS) and network-based angle of arrival (AOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), and time of arrival (TOA) techniques offer solutions to the position estimation problem. However, each method has limitations that prevent its adoption as a universal solution. Data fusion is a collection of methods and techniques for merging disparate types of information. We present a data fusion model for the enhanced accuracy of position estimates within wireless networks. We illustrate our model with several examples and conclude with recommendations for future research directions.
BMAT -- A Binary Matching Tool for Stale Profile Propagation (2000)

A major challenge of applying profile-based optimization on large real-world applications is how to capture adequate profile information. A large program, especially a GUI-based application, may be used in a large variety of ways by different users on different machines. Extensive collection of profile data is necessary to fully characterize this type of program behavior. Unfortunately, in a realistic software production environment, many developers and testers need fast access to the latest build, leaving little time for collecting profiles. To address this dilemma, we would like to re-use stale profile information from a prior program build. In this paper we present BMAT, a fast and effective tool that matches two versions of a binary program without knowledge of source code changes. BMAT enables the propagation of profile information from an older, extensively profiled build to a newer build, thus greatly reducing or even eliminating the need for re-profiling. We use two metrics to evaluate the quality of the results using propagated profile information: static branch prediction and the accuracy of code coverage. These metrics measure how well the matching algorithm works for the frequently executed core code and across the whole program, respectively. Experiments on a set of large DLLs from Microsoft Windows 2000 and Internet Explorer show that compared to freshly collected profiles, propagated information using BMAT is typically over 99% as effective in branch prediction and over 98% as accurate in code coverage information.
Can Environmental Footprint of Vehicles be used for Road Pricing (2008)

This paper presented the results of environmental monitoring of heavy vehicles in Switzerland. It is possible to measure the dynamic load, noise and ground borne vibrations caused by individual vehicles in situ. Gaseous emissions induced by vehicles should be ideally calculated from emissions models. It is clear from analysis of the data that the heavy vehicles are not necessarily the ones with the highest axle loads causing the most damage to the pavement nor are they the noisiest or the ones causing the most vibrations. It is imperative that each vehicle is assessed separately for the various parameters that it causes and compared to an established criteria. Environmental friendliness criteria are under discussion within the project and have to be established.
Candidate Genes That May Be Responsible for the Unusual Resistances Exhibited by Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 Spores (2013)

The spores of several Bacillus species, including Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 and B. safensis FO-36b, which were isolated from the spacecraft assembly facility at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, are unusually resistant to UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide. In order to identify candidate genes that might be associated with these resistances, the whole genome of B. pumilus SAFR-032, and the draft genome of B. safensis FO-36b were compared in detail with the very closely related type strain B. pumilus ATCC7061(T). 170 genes are considered characteristic of SAFR-032, because they are absent from both FO-36b and ATCC7061(T). Forty of these SAFR-032 characteristic genes are entirely unique open reading frames. In addition, four genes are unique to the genomes of the resistant SAFR-032 and FO-36b. Fifty three genes involved in spore coat formation, regulation and germination, DNA repair, and peroxide resistance, are missing from all three genomes. The vast majority of these are cleanly deleted from their usual genomic context without any obvious replacement. Several DNA repair and peroxide resistance genes earlier reported to be unique to SAFR-032 are in fact shared with ATCC7061(T) and no longer considered to be promising candidates for association with the elevated resistances. Instead, several SAFR-032 characteristic genes were identified, which along with one or more of the unique SAFR-032 genes may be responsible for the elevated resistances. These new candidates include five genes associated with DNA repair, namely, BPUM_0608 a helicase, BPUM_0652 an ATP binding protein, BPUM_0653 an endonuclease, BPUM_0656 a DNA cytosine-5- methyltransferase, and BPUM_3674 a DNA helicase. Three of these candidate genes are in immediate proximity of two conserved hypothetical proteins, BPUM_0654 and BPUM_0655 that are also absent from both FO-36b and ATCC7061(T). This cluster of five genes is considered to be an especially promising target for future experimental work.
Multiple-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Selegiline and Desmethylselegiline Suggest Saturable Tissue Binding (2000)

The goal of this study was to examine the multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of selegiline and its metabolites desmethylselegiline, 1-methamphetamine, and 1-amphetamine after oral administration of selegiline HCl. Twelve healthy volunteers received 10 mg of selegiline HCl once daily for 8 days. The pharmacokinetic profiles of selegiline and the metabolites were examined from serum samples for 24 hours (i.e., the dosing interval, tau) on days 1, 4, and 8. The results indicated significant apparent accumulation of selegiline and desmethylselegiline during the 8-day period of selegiline administration. The AUC tau S of selegiline and desmethylselegiline were increased 2.7 fold (p < 0.001) and 1.5 fold (p < 0.001), respectively, from day 1 to day 8. However, the half-lives of selegiline (range, 1.5-3.5 h) and desmethylselegiline (range, 3.4-5.3 h) were found to be relatively short. Accordingly, the short half-lives of these compounds failed to predict the apparent accumulation. With both of the 1-amphetamine metabolites of selegiline, steady state was reached by day 4. We suggest that the most likely explanation for the apparent accumulation of selegiline and desmethylselegiline was the saturation of the MAO-B binding sites in tissues, although decreased first-pass metabolism of selegiline cannot be ruled out. The observed increase in selegiline and desmethylselegiline concentrations on multiple dosing is not likely to significantly increase the pharmacodynamic effect or adverse effects of selegiline compared with what has been found after a single 10-mg dose.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopentanoid Natural Products via Asymmetric Diels‐Alder Reactions (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Study of the Vibration of the Basilar Membrane in Human Temporal Bone Preparations by the Use of the Mossbauer Effect (1978)

Using the Mössbauer technique, we have studied the vibration of the human basilar membrane and malleus head in the sound frequency range 0.2--9.0 kHz and at a sound pressure of 100 dB at the tympanic membrane. The displacement frequency response curves for the basilar membrane and the malleus head have similar shapes, with a maximum at about 1 kHz. Below and above 1 kHz the curves have a slope of about 10 dB/octave and--100 dB/octave, respectively. In addition, the basilar membrane has a maximum displacement at a frequency dependent distance from the stapes. A simple hydrodynamic model for the cochlea is used to interpret the experimental data. A possible mechanism for the frequency resolution of sound by the ear and noise-induced hearing loss is discussed.
Recall of music: a comparison between anaesthesia with propofol and isoflurane (1993)

Sixty patients undergoing laparoscopy were randomly assigned to receive total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol or inhalation anaesthesia with isoflurane. Patients in these two groups were also randomly assigned to three subgroups listening to soft music, hard rock music or no music at all. Twenty-four hours after surgery all patients were interviewed and asked if they had heard music during the operation. A tape with seven different pieces of music was also played for the patients. The music they heard during surgery was one of these. No patient had any memories or experiences from the operation. Four patients had dreams, three from the total intravenous anaesthesia group and one from the inhalation anaesthesia group. Twelve patients believed they had heard music, ten from the total intravenous anaesthesia group and two from the inhalation anaesthesia group (P < 0.05). Two patients, one from each group, picked the right melody. In conclusion, there was no difference between the two groups with respect to recall during anaesthesia. Patients in the TIVA group were significantly more inclined to state that they had been exposed to music.
Relationship between the quality of fixation and the presence of stippled material in newly formed enamel of the rat incisor (1984)

Extracellular accumulation of a granular material that is presumed to be an organic "precursor" to mineralized enamel has been reported. This material, generally referred to as ""stippled material," was observed mainly after immersion fixation with osmium tetroxide. In studies with perfusion fixation, the presence of stippled material was inconsistent. Therefore, it appeared that the occurrence of stippled material was dependent on the method of fixation. To test this assumption, tissues were fixed by immersion in either osmium tetroxide or glutaraldehyde and by perfusion with either glutaraldehyde or a mixture of acrolein, glutaraldehyde, and formaldehyde. It was found that as the quality of cellular preservation improved, the occurrence of stippled material decreased. Since no stippled material could be found in material judged to be well fixed, it was concluded that stippled material is not an extracellular precursor to mineralized enamel, but is a breakdown product resulting from poor fixation.
MDL 201,307: a novel benzothiazepine modulator of multiple drug resistance. (1996)

A series of novel benzothiazepine derivatives were evaluated for their relative potential to reverse multiple drug resistance (MDR) phenotype in vitro as well as for their relative cardiovascular activity and neurotoxicity. Compounds were evaluated for antiMDR activity using Chinese hamster ovary cells with derived resistance to either vincristine or doxorubicin, or a human lymphoblastic leukemia line with resistance to vinblastine. Lead compounds with good antiMDR activity were further evaluated for their relative potential to exhibit cardiovascular and neurological pharmacodynamic activity. A single compound, MDL 201,307 with good antiMDR activity and low cardiovascular and neurologic activity was chosen for further study. In contrast to (R)-verapamil, MDL 201,307 showed only a weak potential to block calcium channels. Using a series of related murine fibrosarcoma cell lines (UV-2237M) with varying levels of resistance to doxorubicin, it was shown that MDL 201,307 augmented inhibition of growth due to doxorubicin. The antiMDR compound was also effective in enhancing the cytotoxicity of actinomycin-D and vinblastine although it was ineffective in increasing cytotoxicity of the nonMDR compound, 5FU. MDL 201,307 increased uptake and decreased efflux of doxorubicin suggesting that MDL 201,307 blocks the GP170-mediated efflux pump mechanism. MDL 201,307 represents a novel antiMDR agent with diminished potential for cardiovascular activity and neurologic interactions which presently limit many of the currently available first and second generations of antiMDR compounds.
Yttrium-90 Microsphere Radioembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2014)

Yttrium-90 (Y90) radioembolization is an emerging strategy to treat liver malignancies, and clinical data supporting its use have accumulated in recent years. Y90-radioembolization has shown clinical effectiveness in intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, with a favorable safety profile. Retrospective data show similar levels of effectiveness to transarterial chemoembolization in intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma, with some evidence of better tolerance. While phase 3 studies comparing Y90-radioembolization to chemoembolization in intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma would be difficult to conduct, studies comparing or combining Y90-radioembolization with sorafenib are under way. Questions also remain about the most suitable modalities for defining the dose to administer. Phase 3 studies are under way to clarify the place of Y90-radioembolization in the algorithm of HCC treatment.