gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Household Poverty in the Rural Sector in Sri Lanka: 1990-2010 (2014)

A satisfactory explanation of why some people are poor is essential to tackle the roots of poverty. Therefore, the causes of poverty and their behavior over time are more important to understand the depth of the problem in a particular sector in a country. This study examines the micro-level factors associated with household poverty and their behavior over the years in the rural sector in Sri Lanka using disaggregated Household Income and Expenditure Surveys (HIES) data in 1990/91 to 2009/10 using Probit regression analyses. The major factors affected for the poverty reduction in the rural sector within last two decades are employment of the head of the household in the public sector, education of the head of the household, the head engaging in the non-agriculture sector, higher female adult ratio, and the receipt of remittances. They are statistically significant variables to the model. Relatively, foreign remittance has played a very important role in poverty reduction in the rural sector. Households with the higher dependency ratio, the large household size, and head engaged in private sector job and the female headed households are more likely to be poor in the rural sector in Sri Lanka. However, almost all the coefficients (both positive and negative factors) show declining trends of their impact on poverty over time while impacts of the head engage in non-agriculture activities and the higher female adult ratio have increased.
Expression and purification of untagged GlnK proteins from actinobacteria (2018)

The PII protein family constitutes one of the most conserved and well distributed family of signal transduction proteins in nature. These proteins play key roles in nitrogen and carbon metabolism. PII function has been well documented in Gram-negative bacteria. However, there are very few reports describing the <i>in vitro</i> properties and function of PII derived from Gram-positive bacteria. Here we present the heterologous expression and efficient purification protocols for untagged PII from three Actinobacteria of medical and biotechnological interest namely: <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rhodococcus jostii</i> and <i>Streptomyces coelicolor.</i> Circular dichroism and gel filtration analysis supported that the purified proteins are correctly folded. The purification protocol described here will facilitate biochemical studies and help to uncover the biochemical functions of PII proteins in Actinobacteria.
Evaluation for Creep Properties of 316FR Weld Metal with Miniature Weld Metal and Full-Thickness Welded Joint Specimens (2004)

In order to examine the distribution of creep properties in a 316FR weld metal, a narrow gap welded joint was prepared from 50mm thick 316FR steel plates by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process using type 316 filler wire, and constant-load creep rupture tests were conducted at 823K in air using full thickness large welded joint specimens and pure weld metal miniature specimens. The latter specimens were taken parallel to the weld line of 316FR weld metal in the welded joint. Specimen sampling locations were the plate surface, the 1/4 and the 1/2 plate thickness positions from the surface. By interrupting the creep test for the full thickness welded joint specimen, we observed the change in creep strain distribution in the weld metal in the thickness direction of the plate. The last layer of weld metal showed considerably larger creep strain than the central layers of the weld metal. Further, the creep strength of weld center is larger than that of the top of the weld. The cause of this difference in the creep strength in the weld metal is that due to large thermal expansion coefficient and small thermal conductivity of austenitic stainless steel strain introduced through thermal histories was larger in the central part than in the vicinity of the surface of the welded joint. Hardness variation in the weld metal and the results of transmission electron microscopic examination revealing dislocation configuration support this speculation. From the results above, it is concluded that the creep properties of weld metal in multi-pass, multi-layer welded joints strongly depend on the location of specimen sampling.
Wavelength Compensation of Broadband Light Diffraction (1998)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text P. Andrés, V. Climent, J. Lancis, E. Tajahuerce, M. Fernández-Alonso, and G. Mínguez, "Wavelength Compensation of Broadband Light Diffraction," Optics & Photonics News 9(12), 19_1-20 (1998) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Generating tactile afferent stimulation patterns for slip and touch feedback in neural prosthetics (2013)

Current prosthetic limbs are limited by a lack of tactile feedback. Slip feedback is particularly important to inform grip. Object slip is marked by both a change in the normal grip force applied and a change in force tangential to the fingertips. In this study, we demonstrate that a new multi-axial tactile sensor composed of gold nanoparticle strain gauges is able to record slip and reconstruct the X, Y, and Z forces incident on the sensor's surface due to a slipping object. We entered the X, Y, and Z force components generated by the slip event into a noisy leaky integrate and fire model to simulate the firing responses of SA1 and FA1 afferents. We also recorded a uniaxial normal force input representative of tactile contact. A single set of SA1 model and FA1 model parameters generated realistic firing patterns for both the slip and normal force recordings. These results suggest that canonical SA1 and FA1 afferent models could be used to generate biomimetic electrical stimulation patterns for both slip and touch stimuli. When used to activate the tactile afferents of an amputee, these electrical stimulation patterns could create natural and distinguishable slip and touch percepts for closed loop control of an upper limb neural prosthesis.
Slit2, a Branching–Arborization Factor for Sensory Axons in the Mammalian CNS (2002)

Axons that carry information from the sensory periphery first elongate unbranched and form precisely ordered tracts within the CNS. Later, they begin collateralizing into their proper targets and form terminal arbors. Target-derived factors that govern sensory axon elongation and branching-arborization are not well understood. Here we report that Slit2 is a major player in branching-arborization of central trigeminal axons in the brainstem. Embryonic trigeminal axons initially develop unbranched as they form the trigeminal tract within the lateral brainstem; later, they emit collateral branches into the brainstem trigeminal nuclei and form terminal arbors therein. In whole-mount explant cultures of this pathway, embryonic day 15 (E15) rat central trigeminal axons retain their unbranched growth within the tract, whereas E17 trigeminal axons show branching and arborization in the brainstem trigeminal nuclei, much like that seen in vivo. Similar observations were made in E13 and E15 mouse embryos. We cocultured Slit2-expressing tissues or cells with the whole-mount explant cultures of the central trigeminal pathway derived from embryonic rats or mice. When central trigeminal axons are exposed to ectopic Slit2 during their elongation phase, they show robust and premature branching and arborization. Blocking available Slit2 reverses this effect on axon growth. Spatiotemporal expression of Slit2 and Robo receptor mRNAs within the brainstem trigeminal nuclei and the trigeminal ganglion during elongation and branching-arborization further corroborates our experimental results.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO MARKETING DE RELACIONAMENTO NA BUSCA DA SATISFAÇÃO E FIDELIZAÇÃO DOS CLIENTES EXTERNOS (2017)

As mudancas que afetam o cenario mercadologico atual, acontecem com maior frequencia e, portanto, se tornam menos previsiveis. Alem disso, a grande concorrencia e clientes cada dia mais conscientes e criteriosos, tem exigido das empresas estrategias que as tornem competitivas, sendo eficientes no gerenciamento do relacionamento com o cliente. Nessas circunstâncias, o Marketing de relacionamento se apresenta como ferramenta que tem condicoes de proporcionar as organizacoes uma gama de vantagens importantes, que vao desde um simples banco de dados do cliente ate a possibilidade de fideliza-los por meio de um atendimento personalizado, que vise satisfazer e ate superar as necessidades e expectativas de seus consumidores. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo tem como problematica, o seguinte questionamento: o marketing de relacionamento e uma ferramenta indispensavel para as empresas que prezam pela satisfacao e fidelizacao de seus clientes? Buscando responder o problema apresentado, foi tracado o seguinte objetivo: demonstrar a Importância do Marketing de Relacionamento na busca da Satisfacao e Fidelizacao dos Clientes externos. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa bibliografica de carater descritivo com enfoque qualitativo em fontes secundarias.
Advanced Glycation End Products Increase Retinal Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression. (1998)

Lu, M; Kuroki, M; Amano, S; Tolentino, M; Keough, K; Kim, I; Bucala, R; Adamis, A P Author Information
Noninvasive Detection of Ischemic Vascular Damage in a Pig Model of Liver Donation After Circulatory Death (2021)

Raman spectroscopy is an effective tool for detecting microvascular damage which could assist the decision to use marginal livers for transplantation. Reducing the volume of circulating blood before circulatory arrest in DCD may help reduce microvascular damage.
Wettability of reservoir rocks and its evaluation (1968)

The concept of rock wettability and its effect upon fluid distribution and flow in reservoir pore spaces are briefly reviewed. Some of the methods that have been proposed in literature to determine wettability are also discussed. That wettability plays an important role in oil reservoirs can be easily appreciated from the fact that a very large surface area per unit volume of reservoir rock is exposed to the reservoir fluids. For example, one cu in. of a typical reservoir rock has more than 100 sq ft of surface area exposed to a fraction of an ounce of fluids. No completely satisfactory method for measuring the wettability of reservoir rock in situ has yet been developed. Reservoir wettability has to be deduced from laboratory measurements. A search of literature reveals that the methods presently proposed utilize either samples of reservoir fluids or cores. No present method utilizes both. Three methods of wettability testing are discussed. (15 refs.)
The defence of body weight: a physiological basis for weight regain after weight loss (2012)

Although weight loss can usually be achieved by restricting food intake, the majority of dieters regain weight over the long-term. In the hypothalamus, hormonal signals from the gastrointestinal tract, adipose tissue and other peripheral sites are integrated to influence appetite and energy expenditure. Diet-induced weight loss is accompanied by several physiological changes which encourage weight regain, including alterations in energy expenditure, substrate metabolism and hormone pathways involved in appetite regulation, many of which persist beyond the initial weight loss period. Safe effective long-term strategies to overcome these physiological changes are needed to help facilitate maintenance of weight loss. The present review, which focuses on data from human studies, begins with an outline of body weight regulation to provide the context for the subsequent discussion of short- and long-term physiological changes which accompany diet-induced weight loss.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF RESONANCE STABILIZED ANIONS. 34. SYNTHESIS OF NITROCYCLOPROPANES S BY CYCLIZATION OF Γ‐CHLORO‐Γ‐NITRO CARBOXYLIC ESTERS AND DERIVATIVES (1979)

Abstract Aus den Chlornitro‐alkyl‐Anionen (I) entstehen mit den Olefinen (II) die Addukte (III), die mit NaH oder NaOH zu den Nitro‐cyclopropanen (IV) kondensiert werden.
Optimization of alkaline peroxide pretreatment of rice straw (2014)

Lignocellulose represents a promising starting material for conversion to fuels and chemicals in biorefinery; however, its efficient conversion to sugar requires a prerequisite pretreatment step. In the present research, the pretreatment of rice straw by alkaline peroxide pretreatment was studied aiming to enhance enzymatic digestibility of the cellulose-enriched solid. The alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pretreatment of rice straw using different concentration of hydrogen peroxide, reaction time, temperature, and solid loading were evaluated based on enzymatic digestibility and sugar recovery. The highest reducing sugar recovery was in the range of 499±6 mg/g native biomass after pretreatment using 2.5% H 2 O 2 (v/v) at 35 ?C for 24 h and 7.5% biomass loading (w/v) after enzymatic hydrolysis using 20 FPU/g Accellerase ® 1500 . The work demonstrates the potential of the developed process for low temperature pretreatment of biomass for further conversion to value-added products.   Keywords: rice straw, biorefinery, alkaline peroxide pretreatment
[Effects of hormone replacement therapy in menopause on cardiovascular risk. Need for a European study]. (2002)

The increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) after menopause is currently attributed to estrogen deficiency. Many epidemiological (case-control and prospective) studies have reported a decreased risk (0.5-0.7) of CHD in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT). However, there are some discordant studies, among which the Framingham study. Moreover, the observational studies were subject to several biases that may have falsely elevated the apparent benefit of estrogen: women taking estrogen tend to be wealthier, more educated and healthier than untreated women. Large randomized clinical trials of secondary (HERS, WEST) or primary (WHI) prevention have not confirmed cardioprotection with HRT. However, these studies used orally administered estrogens, while the non-oral route of administration is frequently used in Europe. From a biological point of view, estrogen has multiple effects that would be expected to be cardioprotective, including favorable changes in lipids, endothelial function, vascular reactivity and blood flow. However, concerning hemostasis factors, a pro-coagulant effect can be induced by the first pass liver effect of estrogen when administered orally, which is not observed with the non oral routes of administration. In addition, the synthetic progestin medroxy-progesterone acetate (MPA) inhibits the beneficial effects of estrogen on the arterial wall, whereas natural progesterone does not. It is therefore urgent that Europeans undertake a European "HERS study" in order to investigate the possible beneficial effect of non-oral estrogens (administered percutaneously or transdermally) associated with natural progesterone.
Universal upper bound on the energy of a parton escaping from the strongly coupled quark-gluon matter (2008)

It has been shown through the AdS/CFT correspondence that the energy loss of a fast quark in a strongly coupled ${\cal N}=4$ SUSY Yang--Mills matter in the large N limit is given by the classical Lienard formula. I demonstrate that under quite natural assumptions about the dynamics of heavy ion collisions this leads to a universal (i.e. independent of the initial parton energy, but dependent on flavor and centrality) upper bound on the energy of the partons escaping from the plasma. This bound is a Yang--Mills analog of the Pomeranchuk bound in classical electrodynamics, where it is a consequence of radiation in a strong external field acting on a relativistic charge. Since as a result the massive constituent partons are slowed down to a velocity v &lt; c, the angular distribution of the emitted radiation exhibits a broad "dead cone". If the properties of conformal and QCD matter at strong coupling are qualitatively similar, the existence of this universal upper bound would have dramatic implications for heavy ion experiments.
A PDE approach to super-resolution with contrast enhancement (2010)

Multi frame super resolution (SR) reconstruction algorithms make use of complimentary information among low resolution (LR) images to yield a high resolution (HR) image. In this paper, we first present a fast partial differential equation (PDE) model for multi-frame image super resolution reconstruction. We then combine our proposed super resolution model with the local histogram equalization (LHE), which perform super resolution and enhance image contrast simultaneously. It overcomes the shortcomings of recent promising super resolution methods dealt with super resolution and contrast enhancement separately. Our technique not only reconstructs a high-resolution image from several overlapping noisy low resolution images, but also enhances edges and image contrast while suppressing image noise during the reconstruction process. Experiments show the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method and demonstrating its superiority to the existing SR method.
Contemporary Immunomodulatory Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis (2001)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is no longer considered an unmanageable disease. Five drugs have obtained regulatory approval to safely and effectively modify the course of MS. Three preparations of interferon beta-Avonex (interferon beta-1a), Betaseron (interferon beta-1b), and Rebif (interferon beta 1a)-have shown efficacy in relapsing-remitting MS and show promise in slowing the course of secondary progressive MS. Glatiramir acetate (Copaxone) has demonstrated efficacy in relapsing-remitting MS, and is being tested for the management of primary progressive disease. Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) has been approved for secondary progressive and progressive relapsing MS. There is a tendency toward early diagnosis and treatment based on the hypothesis that treatment effectiveness declines with advancing disease.
Strict positive realness of a family of polytopic plants (1993)

Some strict positive realness results for a family of polytopic plants are presented. More specifically, it is shown that the strict positive real property of such a family of plants can be ascertained from its vertex plants.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Formation of Gold Nanoparticles in the Presence of o-Anisidine and the Dependence of the Structure of Poly(o-anisidine) on Synthetic Conditions (2002)

Gold nanoparticles were prepared in an aqueous solution and a 50:50 N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMPD)/toluene mixed solvent using o-anisidine as the reducing agent, respectively. The reaction is conducted by choice of the temperature and medium. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV−vis absorption spectroscopy measurements show that the size of Au particles is dependent on the synthetic protocols. At the same time, the oxidative polymerization of o-anisidine was achieved. Moreover, the structure of the polymer varied with the preparative conditions. Cross-linked poly(o-anisidine) and poly(o-anisidine) in its doping state (in the form of the emeraldine salt) were obtained, respectively, supported by UV−vis absorption spectra, infrared spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
RADIOSTAR: Providing wireless coverage over Gigabit Ethernet (2009)

RadioStar is a novel system developed by Bell Labs to provide low cost, cellular wireless coverage primarily targeted for enterprises, public spaces, and residences. The underlying concept is to digitize the output radio signals of a base station and to transport these signals over a Gigabit Ethernet network to multiple low-cost radio frequency radiation points. The received signals are returned through the network to the base station. This paper presents the architecture, implementation, and demonstration of RadioStar. It is shown how handoffs and precise frequency synchronization and timing control over a Gigabit Ethernet network can be established in such a way that the most stringent requirements of cellular communication air interfaces are satisfied. By converging cellular signal transport onto Gigabit Ethernet data networks, RadioStar can achieve substantially lower hardware and installation costs, while providing higher performance, more flexibility, and better operation, administration, and maintenance than current solutions. RadioStar concepts are being used in the ClearFill Star in-building product developed by the RFS business division of Alcatel-Lucent and currently being deployed commercially.
Sparsity-aware field estimation via ordinary Kriging (2014)

In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating a spatially varying field in a wireless sensor network, where resource constraints limit the number of sensors selected in the network that provide their measurements for field estimation. Based on a one-to-one correspondence between the selected sensors and the nonzero elements of Kriging weights, we propose a sparsity-promoting ordinary Kriging approach where we minimize the Kriging error variance while penalizing the number of nonzero Kriging weights. This yields a combinatorial optimization problem, which is intractable in general. To solve the proposed non-convex optimization problem, we employ the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and the reweighted ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> minimization method, respectively. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed approaches that provide a balance between the estimation accuracy and the number of selected sensors.
VHH antibody targeting the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 inhibits progression of atherosclerosis (2020)

CX3CR1 has been identified as a highly attractive target for several therapeutic interventions. Despite this potential, no potent antagonists, either small molecule or monoclonal antibody, have been identified. Here we describe the lead finding and engineering approach that lead to the identification of BI 655088, a potent biotherapeutic antagonist to CX3CR1. BI 655088 is a potent CX3CR1 antagonist that, upon therapeutic dosing, significantly inhibits plaque progression in the standard mouse model of atherosclerosis. BI 655088 represents a novel and highly selective biotherapeutic that could reduce inflammation in the atherosclerotic plaque when added to standard of care treatment including statins, which could result in a significant decrease in atherothrombotic events in patients with existing cardiovascular disease.
Interaction Enthalpy of Side Chain and Backbone Amides in Polyglutamine Solution Monomers and Fibrils (2018)

We determined an empirical correlation that relates the amide I vibrational band frequencies of the glutamine (Q) side chain to the strength of hydrogen bonding, van der Waals, and Lewis acid-base interactions of its primary amide carbonyl. We used this correlation to determine the Q side chain carbonyl interaction enthalpy (Δ H<sub>int</sub>) in monomeric and amyloid-like fibril conformations of D<sub>2</sub>Q<sub>10</sub>K<sub>2</sub> (Q10). We independently verified these Δ H<sub>int</sub> values through molecular dynamics simulations that showed excellent agreement with experiments. We found that side chain-side chain and side chain-peptide backbone interactions in fibrils and monomers are more enthalpically favorable than are Q side chain-water interactions. Q10 fibrils also showed a more favorable Δ H<sub>int</sub> for side chain-side chain interactions compared to backbone-backbone interactions. This work experimentally demonstrates that interamide side chain interactions are important in the formation and stabilization of polyQ fibrils.