gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
L4–5 Isthmic Spondylolisthesis (1994)

The authors have previously reported that the L4-5 isthmic spondylolisthesis lesion often progresses more than the L5-S1 lesion in adult patients. This biomechanical study compares the in vitro stability of the L4-5 isthmic spondylolisthesis lesion compared with the L5-S1 isthmic lesion. The authors also analyzed the role of the L5 iliolumbar ligament as a contributing factor to stability. Six fresh frozen human cadaveric specimens (L4 to the sacrum including the iliolumbar ligamentous complex) were tested by applying 10 Nm flexion-extension moments. Sagittal plane motion was measured with the specimens intact and after sequential transection of the pars interarticulares at L4 and L5 and finally with the iliolumbar ligaments cut at L5-S1. L4-5 and L5-S1 both showed significant increases in rotation with the pars defect compared with normal (L4-5 = +2.0, L5-S1 = +3.2 degrees). Decreased translation of L5-S1 occurred with pars defect at this level. There were no significant differences at the L5-S1 level after sectioning of the iliolumbar ligament. Calculating the percentage difference from normal, L4-5 with a pars defect exhibited significantly greater relative motion compared with L5-S1 with the same defect; 12% more rotation, 33% more shear, and 43% more axial translation. The iliolumbar ligament did not appear to contribute to these differences because there was no significant change in the L5-S1 kinematics after its transection. These results support the hypothesis that L4-5 pars defects are more unstable than L5-S1 lesions. The iliolumbar ligament could not be implicated as the major contributing factor in these differences.
NOTCH-Induced MDSC Recruitment after oHSV Virotherapy in CNS Cancer Models Modulates Antitumor Immunotherapy (2022)

NOTCH-induced immunosuppressive myeloid cell recruitment limited antitumor immunity. Translationally, these findings support the use of NOTCH inhibition in conjunction with oHSV therapy.
Two-User Multicast Networks with Variable-Length Limited Feedback (2014)

We investigate the channel quantization problem for two-user multicast networks where the transmitter is equipped with multiple antennas and either receiver is equipped with only a single antenna.Our goal is to design a global quantizer to minimize the outage probability.It is known that any fixed-length quantizer with a finite-cardinality codebook cannot achieve the same minimum outage probability as the case where all nodes in the network know perfect channel state information (CSI).To achieve the minimum outage probability, we propose a variable-length global quantizer that knows perfect CSI and sends quantized CSI to the transmitter and receivers.With a random infinite-cardinality codebook, we prove that the proposed quantizer is able to achieve the minimum outage probability with a low average feedback rate.Numerical simulations also validate our theoretical analysis.
Broadband Parametric Circulator with Balanced Monolithic Integrated Distributedly Modulated Capacitors (DMC) (2016)

Distributedly modulated capacitors (DMC) is a discrete realization of time-varying transmission line (TVTL), which offers broadband nonreciprocity through time modulation of the transmission line property and compensating the circuit loss with the parametric gain [2-4]. The low-noise, broadband behavior of the DMC and its IC compatibility makes it ideal for Simultaneous Transmit and Receiving (STAR) applications. In this paper, a MMIC implementation of the DMC is presented with its performance experimentally verified. Furthermore, a circulator prototype consisting of a pair of DMC MMICs in a balanced architecture is assembled and tested. More than 25 dB TX-to-RX isolation and less than 4 dB RX loss is demonstrated in the experiment over the frequency of 0.7 to 2.5 GHz.
Unusual Transcription Regulation of theniaDGene under Anaerobic Conditions Supporting Fungal Ammonia Fermentation (2004)

The niaD gene of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans encodes an assimilatory nitrate reductase and exogenous ammonium represses its expression. Under anoxic conditions, however, A. nidulans expressed niaD even in the presence of ammonium and used the gene product for dissimilatory nitrate reduction (ammonia fermentation). This transcription regulation mechanism under anaerobiosis is critical for the fungus to ferment ammonium.
Transience of Multiclass Queueing Networks Via Fluid Limit Models (1995)

This paper treats transience for queueing network models by considering an associated fluid limit model. If starting from any initial condition the fluid limit model explodes at a linear rate, then the associated queueing network with i.i.d. service times and a renewal arrival process explodes faster than any fractional power.
Nonimmune binding of human immunoglobulin A to type II group B streptococci (1990)

The binding of 125I-labeled human myeloma immunoglobulin A (IgA) to four type II strains and one nontypable strain of group B streptococci was measured after streptococcal chains were broken by brief sonication. Some IgA binding was observed with all strains, but specific binding (binding that was inhibited by excess unlabeled IgA, was dose dependent, and was saturable) occurred only with those strains possessing the trypsin-sensitive beta component of the c protein. Similar amounts of binding were observed with myeloma IgA and IgA1 purified from normal serum. Specific binding was more rapid at 25 degrees C than at 0 or 37 degrees C and reached a plateau in 6 to 8 h. Binding was drastically reduced (85 to 90%) when streptococci had been heated (90 degrees C for 1 h). Most radioactivity bound to group B streptococci could be displaced (greater than 60% in 3 days) by the addition of excess unlabeled IgA. The binding capacity of one strain (10(8) streptococci in 1 ml of buffer) was saturated by approximately 24 micrograms of IgA. When transformed for Scatchard analysis, these data indicated that there was a specific binding capacity of 16,000 molecules of monomeric serum IgA per single streptococcal cell. The dissociation constant for IgA binding was 19.3 nM. Since enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay studies showed that the myeloma IgA used for the studies described above was IgA1, our quantitative data apply only to the binding of this subclass to group B streptococci. However, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent-filtration assay showed that both IgA1 and IgA2 bound to a type II group B streptococcus bearing the c protein.
Observation of solid-state bidirectional thermal conductivity switching in antiferroelectric lead zirconate (PbZrO3) (2022)

Materials with tunable thermal properties enable on-demand control of temperature and heat flow, which is an integral component in the development of solid-state refrigeration, energy scavenging, and thermal circuits. Although gap-based and liquid-based thermal switches that work on the basis of mechanical movements have been an effective approach to control the flow of heat in the devices, their complex mechanisms impose considerable costs in latency, expense, and power consumption. As a consequence, materials that have multiple solid-state phases with distinct thermal properties are appealing for thermal management due to their simplicity, fast switching, and compactness. Thus, an ideal thermal switch should operate near or above room temperature, have a simple trigger mechanism, and offer a quick and large on/off switching ratio. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate that manipulating phonon scattering rates can switch the thermal conductivity of antiferroelectric PbZrO<sub>3</sub> bidirectionally by -10% and +25% upon applying electrical and thermal excitation, respectively. Our approach takes advantage of two separate phase transformations in PbZrO<sub>3</sub> that alter the phonon scattering rate in different manners. In this study, we demonstrate that PbZrO<sub>3</sub> can serve as a fast (<1 second), repeatable, simple trigger, and reliable thermal switch with a net switching ratio of nearly 38% from ~1.20 to ~1.65 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>.
Reversible Oxidation of the Active Site Cysteine of Peroxiredoxins to Cysteine Sulfinic Acid (2003)

We previously suggested that oxidation of the active site cysteine of peroxiredoxin (Prx) I or Prx II to cysteine sulfinic acid in H2O2-treated cells is reversible (Woo, H. A., Chae, H. Z., Hwang, S. C., Yang, K.-S., Kang, S. W., Kim, K., and Rhee, S. G. (2003) Science 300, 653-656). In contrast, it was recently proposed that sulfinylation of Prx II, but not that of Prx I or Prx III, is reversible (Chevallet, M., Wagner, E., Luche, S., van Dorssealaer, A., Leize-Wagner, E., and Rabilloud, T. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 37146-37153). The detection of sulfinylated proteins in both of these previous studies relied on complex proteomics analysis. We now describe a simple immunoblot assay for the detection of sulfinylated Prx enzymes that is based on antibodies produced in response to a sulfonylated peptide modeled on the conserved active site sequence. These antibodies recognized both sulfinic and sulfonic forms of Prx equally well and allowed the detection of sulfinylated Prx enzymes in H2O2-treated cells with high sensitivity and specificity. With the use of these antibodies, we demonstrated that not only the cytosolic enzymes Prx I and Prx II but also the mitochondrial enzyme Prx III undergo reversible sulfinylation. The generation of antibodies specific for sulfonylated peptides should provide insight into protein function similar to that achieved with antibodies to peptides containing phosphoserine or phosphothreonine.
IS INCREASED CAG REPEAT LENGTH IN THE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR GENE A RISK FACTOR FOR MALE SUBFERTILITY? (2002)

Increased length of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene is not a risk factor for male subfertility.
NF-κB Controls Cell Fate Specification, Survival, and Molecular Differentiation of Immunoregulatory Natural T Lymphocytes (2004)

Ontogenetic, homeostatic, and functional deficiencies within immunoregulatory natural T (iNKT) lymphocytes underlie various inflammatory immune disorders including autoimmunity. Signaling events that control cell fate specification and molecular differentiation of iNKT cells are only partly understood. Here we demonstrate that these processes within iNKT cells require classical NF-kappaB signaling. Inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling blocks iNKT cell ontogeny at an immature stage and reveals an apparent, novel precursor in which negative selection occurs. Most importantly, this block occurs due to a lack of survival signals, as Bcl-x(L) overexpression rescues iNKT cell ontogeny. Maturation of immature iNKT cell precursors induces Bcl-2 expression, which is defective in the absence of NF-kappaB signaling. Bcl-x(L) overexpression also rescues this maturation-induced Bcl-2 expression. Thus, antiapoptotic signals relayed by NF-kappaB critically control cell fate specification and molecular differentiation of iNKT cells and, hence, reveal a novel role for such signals within the immune system.
Zirconium phosphate nano-platelets: a novel platform for drug delivery in cancer therapy (2011)

Doxorubicin was intercalated into novel zirconium phosphate nano-platelets (ZrP). The obtained doxorubicin intercalated ZrP nano-platelets had an impressive 34.9% (w/w) drug loading. We used this material to deliver doxorubicin to breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Cellular studies with MCF-7 cells showed higher uptake and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin loaded ZrP compared to free doxorubicin.
Present state and novel development of a membrane for artificial kidney. (2002)

Membrane separation technology using the polymer has been applied above all. The artificial kidney is one of the things which industrially grew and succeeded most, the number of dialysis patients has exceeded 200000 in 2000 year-ends for the advance of hemodialysis.Originally, a membrane means the biomembrane, and the organism maintains the life by the skillful membrane mechanism. It will be reasonable outcome to introduce the membrane separation technology into medical field, in the medical purpose to attempt the recovery of damaged biofunction.Regrettably, the practical artificial membrane that has produced does not have the advanced function like the biomembrane. In the present state, that is applied in the medical field as an extension of membrane separation technology in the conventional industry field. In short, it is merely the physical separation membrane for the material separation using selective permeability by the interaction at most, of spatial size, between solute and membranogen material.However, the peculiarity of using under the organism environment certainly must be considered in case of the medical application. The defense reaction of the organism works by the contact between blood and separation membrane which is foreign body for the organism. The degree of this reaction is called the biocompatibility, and they are important with the separation characteristics in the design of a membrane.
Effect of Adsorbed Water on Fluidity of Powder Particles (Part 1) (1975)

The relationship between water vapor adsorbing property and fluidity was examined on glass beads sample. The amount of adsorbed water was measured by the volumetric technique. The angle of repose and some other properties relating to the fluidity of the sample were determined by the revolving drum method under various water vapor pressures.The thickness of adsorbed water layer was estimated on the basis of monolayer capacity obtained by applying the BET equation. When the amount of water exceeded two molecular layers, the angle of repose was found to increase considerably. This phenomenon may be caused by enhancing adhesive force among the glass bead particles due to the adsorbed water molecules.
Changes in absolute flow, myocardial resistance and FFR after chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (2023)

Post-CTO PCI, there is a continued augmentation in absolute coronary blood flow and reduction in microvascular resistance from baseline to follow-up at 3 months. Prior CABG and a higher baseline eGFR were predictors of a larger change in absolute coronary flow, whilst an extraplaque final wire path strategy predicted a smaller change. Lastly, the patient characteristics and comorbidities had a larger influence than procedural factors on the observed change in absolute flow.
Simple nonpolarising high-frequency modulator for interferometry (1981)

A modulator based on standing density waves in water for a parallel-ray interferometer is described. The local changes in the refractive index of the water lead to optical path modulation at a typical frequency of 100 kHz. This modulator is easy to construct, has a high optical efficiency and low power consumption.
<title>Halo vest instrumentation</title> (1996)

The halo vest is a head and neck immobilization system that is often used on patients that are recovering from cervical trauma or surgery. The halo vest system consists of a rigid halo that is firmly attached to the skull, an upright support structure for stabilization and immobilization, and a torso-enveloping vest. The main purpose of this study was to measure the forces that are carried by the halo-vest structure as the subject undergoes various activities of daily living and external loading for different vest designs. A tethered strain gage load cell based instrumentation system was used to take these load measurements on ten different subjects. Three different halo-vest systems were evaluated. The primary difference between the vests was the amount of torso coverage and the use of shoulder straps. The loads were measured, analyzed and used to compare the vests and to create a model of halo-vest-neck mechanics. Future applications of this technology to standalone data logging, pin-load measuring and biofeedback applications are discussed.
Characterization of the 20-T immersed diode on RITS-3 (2004)

Summary form only given. Sandia National Laboratories is investigating and developing high-dose, high-brightness flash radiographic sources. One of the candidate sources being developed is the magnetically immersed diode. These diodes employ large-bore, high-field solenoid magnets to help produce an intense electron beam from a needle-like cathode "immersed" in the strong Bz field of the magnet. Sandia's RITS-3 accelerator (4-MV, 150-kA, 70-ns) has been used to fully characterize the diode behavior and radiographic performance of Sandia's 20-T large bore immersed diode over a wide range of diode parameters including cathode diameter, A-K gap, magnetic field strength, anode materials, base vacuum pressures and accelerator pre-pulse. Key results from this extensive survey are described.
Smell Peak Prediction During Black Tea Fermentation Process Using Time-Delay Neural Network on Electronic Nose Data (2007)

Fermentation process in black tea manufacturing plays the key role in determining the quality of finished tea. During this process, a complex chain of biochemical changes occurs and the process should be terminated once the optimum fermentation point is reached. Present day practice for detection of optimum fermentation point is purely subjective, and is carried out by experienced industry personnel. Even though chemical methods are available, but they are expensive, time-consuming and offline. A study has been made on real time smell monitoring of black tea during fermentation process using electronic nose and is reported in this paper. Time-delay neural network (TDNN) architecture has been used on time series data obtained from electronic nose for smell peak prediction during the fermentation process. The online predicted result using TDNN seems very promising to detect the optimum fermentation time for black tea manufacturing process
Near-Infrared pH-Activatable Fluorescent Probes for Imaging Primary and Metastatic Breast Tumors (2011)

Highly tumor selective near-infrared (NIR) pH-activatable probe was developed by conjugating pH-sensitive cyanine dye to a cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) peptide targeting α(v)β(3) integrin (ABIR), a protein that is highly overexpressed in endothelial cells during tumor angiogenesis. The NIR pH-sensitive dye used to construct the probe exhibits high spectral sensitivity with pH changes. It has negligible fluorescence above pH 6 but becomes highly fluorescent below pH 5, with a pK(a) of 4.7. This probe is ideal for imaging acidic cell organelles such as tumor lysosomes or late endosomes. Cell microscopy data demonstrate that binding of the cRGD probe to ABIR facilitated the endocytosis-mediated lysosomal accumulation and subsequent fluorescence enhancement of the NIR pH-activatable dye in tumor cells (MDA-MB-435 and 4T1/luc). A similar fluorescence enhancement mechanism was observed in vivo, where the tumors were evident within 4 h post injection. Moreover, lung metastases were also visualized in an orthotopic tumor mouse model using this probe, which was further confirmed by histologic analysis. These results demonstrate the potential of using the new integrin-targeted pH-sensitive probe for the detection of primary and metastatic cancer.
Early Drug Development: Progressing a Candidate Compound to the Clinics (2018)

Drug discovery and development is a fascinating, challenging, and multidisciplinary process where ideas for therapeutic intervention are devised, evaluated, and translated into medicines that will ultimately benefit society as a whole. This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book presents practical considerations related to preparing sufficient quantities of selected compounds to enable their evaluation against the target product profile (TPP). It details the preparation, assessment, and selection of drug products that fulfill TPP and developability criteria. The book also introduces pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) as dual cornerstones of early drug development. It illustrates a crucial aspect tackled during early drug development. The book describes intellectual property (IP) matters and requirements. Integration and alignment of the many disciplines and activities is a prerequisite to successful early drug development.
One-step real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP): evaluation and its application for the detection of foot-and-mouth-disease virus and its serotypes (2017)

Availability of a rapid and sensitive diagnostic technique is key in successful prevention and control of infectious diseases like foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Existing conventional diagnostic tests for FMD are laborious and time-consuming with low sensitivity and specificity. Molecular-based techniques are costly and difficult, involving refined apparatus like a thermal cycler. In the present study, the technique of real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) was standardized for diagnosing FMDV and its serotypes, evaluated using field samples, and compared with the existing real-time PCR in Pakistan. RT-LAMP amplified the target 3D gene using specific primers at 65 °C for 60 min and the VP1 gene using serotype specific primers at 63 °C for 60 min. A total of 38 samples out of 50 were positive by RT-LAMP and identified serotypes were A (n = 15), O (n = 15), and Asia-1 (n = 8). The efficiency of RT-LAMP in this study was highest for serotype Asia-1 (80.9%) followed by serotype A (73.4%) and O (62.35).
Distribution and Dissipation of Aerially-applied Disparlure Under a Woodland Canopy2 (1978)

Aerial distribution of disparlure, the racemic form of the sex attractant of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was investigated by an air sampling technique. Temperature, humidity, and disparlure concentrations at 0.3. 8.0, and 16.9m above ground were measured intermittently for 59 days after a microencapsulated formulation had been applied by air over a forest canopy. Aerial concentration of disparlure decreased with increasing height above the ground.
Development of wireless communication-based safety equipment for protection of trackside maintenance workers (2009)

Personnel maintaining or repairing the railway tracks or signaling equipment around tracks may experience the sensory disorder when they do routine works for many hours and they may not recognize the approaching train, leading to train accidents. In order to prevent such train accidents that may occur because railway track workers are unable to recognize the approaching train, a safety-equipment is developed to make the approaching train send radio signals.
Open Reading Frame S/L of Varicella-Zoster Virus Encodes a Cytoplasmic Protein Expressed in Infected Cells (2000)

We report the discovery of a novel gene in the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) genome, designated open reading frame (ORF) S/L. This gene, located at the left end of the prototype VZV genome isomer, expresses a polyadenylated mRNA containing a splice within the 3' untranslated region in virus-infected cells. Sequence analysis reveals significant differences between the ORF S/Ls of wild-type and attenuated strains of VZV. Antisera raised to a bacterially expressed portion of ORF S/L reacted specifically with a 21-kDa protein synthesized in cells infected with a VZV clinical isolate and with the original vaccine strain of VZV (Oka-ATCC). Cells infected with other VZV strains, including a wild-type strain that has been extensively passaged in tissue culture and commercially produced vaccine strains of Oka, synthesize a family of proteins ranging in size from 21 to 30 kDa that react with the anti-ORF S/L antiserum. MeWO cells infected with recombinant VZV harboring mutations in the C-terminal region of the ORF S/L gene lost adherence to the stratum and adjacent cells, resulting in an altered plaque morphology. Immunohistochemical analysis of VZV-infected cells demonstrated that ORF S/L protein localizes to the cytoplasm. ORF S/L protein was present in skin lesions of individuals with primary or reactivated infection and in the neurons of a dorsal root ganglion during virus reactivation.