gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple-quantum-well spatial light modulators operating at 1.55 μm with high diffraction efficiency and high sensitivity (1998)

Not Available© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Knowledge consistent user simulations for dialog systems (2007)

We propose a novel model to simulate user knowledge consis- tency in tutoring dialogs, where no clear user goal can be de- fined. We also propose a new evaluation measure of knowledge consistency based on learning curves. We compare our new simulation model to real users as well as to a previously used simulation model. We show that the new model performs simi- larly to the real students and to the previous model when evalu- ated on high-level dialog features. The new model outperforms the previous model when measured on knowledge consistency. Index Terms: spoken dialog, user simulation, evaluation mea- sures, knowledge consistency
A subgrade stability analysis method based on the strain monitoring information (2014)

The stress and strain of pavement structure are analyzed by using BISAR3.0 software based on SHELL design method. According to the multilayer elastic continuous system theory under the double-circle vertical loads, the semi-rigid asphalt pavement from a test section of the national highway 102 from Changchun city to Dehui city in Jilin Province of China is analyzed, model parameters of each pavement structure layer are shown in Table 1, and the mechanical model of pavement structural analysis is shown in Figure 1.
[Methods of assessing the toxic properties of polymeric filling materials (author's transl)]. (1978)

This paper discusses the results of experiments conducted with a view to determining the hidden effects of epoxy composites, which cannot generally be ascertained through the use of various toxicological, biochemical, immunological, allergic, morphological, and cytological methods of examination. To discover possible hidden effects of epoxy filling materials experimental use was made of the following methods: hunger diet, ethylalcohol supply, and composite extract supply. Shifts in functions of the organism were evaluated by the following criteria: weight dynamics of animals, histamine content of the blood, and eosinopenic reaction of the blood. The data obtained by the authors shows that it is possible for functional straining to be used as a method of discovering possible hidden harmful effects of dental polymers.
Macromol. Theory Simul. 2/2017 (2017)

Front Cover: Amorphous structure of DGEBA/33DDS epoxy resin obtained by the chemical curing simulation implemented in a molecular dynamics (MD) method. The maximum crosslinked molecule is highlighted by green. An appropriate amorphous material is selected using data-driven clustering approach that combines a MD simulation and self-organizing maps. This is reported by Yutaka Oya, Gota Kikugawa, and Tomonaga Okabe* in article number 1600072.
The exposure metric: does including time since exposure in the calculation of working lifetime exposure provide a better understanding of disease risk than the cumulative exposure? (2011)

The significant relation between exposure and silicosis using the weighted metric provides additional point estimates of risk, adding to the understanding of exposure-response.
The PowerPC 604 RISC microprocessor. (1994)

Somerset Design Center he 604 microprocessor is the third member of the PowerPC family being developed jointly by Apple, IBM, and Motorola. Developed for use in desktop personal computers, workstations, and servers, this 32-bit implementation works with the software and bus in the PowerPC 601 and 603 microprocessors.‘m3 While keeping the system interface compatible with the 601 microprocessor, we improved upon it by incorporating a phase-locked loop and an IEEE-Std 1149.1 boundary-scan QTAG) interface on chip. In addition, an advanced machine organization delivers one and a half to two times the 601’s integer performance.
Fundamental limitations on control system performance: Pole-zero excess, NMP-zeros and noise sensitivity (2003)

status: Published
ChemInform Abstract: p‐Substituted Benzamidinium Carboxylates. (1990)

Abstract The nature of the amidinium‐carboxylate interactions in various p‐substituted benzamidinium acetates, e.g. (III), (VIIa), formates, trifluoroacetates, and pyruvates (IV), (VIIb) are examined by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra.
Etherify field butanes: Part 2 (1993)

Worldwide interest in technical details concerning major components of world-scale MTBE complexes continues. Part 1 reviewed alternate scenarios for MTBE production and basic technological considerations to assess component processes for producing MTBE. Commercial technologies and cost considerations for world-scale MTBE complexes call for a focus on butane isomerization, isobutane dehydrogenation and isobutylene etherification. The paper describes isomerization; four commercial processes for dehydrogenation (Oleflex, Catofin, STAR, and FBD-4 processes); three methods for etherification (fixed bed with recycle, fixed bed tubular reactor, and catalytic distillation); and capital and production costs for the MTBE complex.
Security and Privacy for Edge Intelligence in 5G and Beyond Networks: Challenges and Solutions (2021)

5G and beyond (B5G) networks are leading a digital revolution in telecommunication in both academia and industry. It brings new paradigms in many aspects of people's daily lives due to its advantages. However, it still leaves some issues in terms of security and privacy as challenges. Blockchain, the public database, is an alternative to the traditional centralized systems, serving as the backbone technique in many systems, including manufacturing, economics, and industry. Blockchain is promising in solving the security issues in the sense that it provides desirable properties including decentralization, transparency, immutability, and so on. In this article, we investigate typical security and privacy issues in edge intelligence in B5G networks and devise a framework to integrate blockchain with such systems, which can provide guaranteed security as well as privacy. We also illustrate several possible solutions to these security and privacy issues in edge intelligence in B5G systems based on blockchain and Ethereum to show how blockchain contributes to the coming B5G networks.
Antifuse structure comparison for field programmable gate arrays (1992)

Antifuse structure as a programming element has become increasingly popular in field programmable gate array devices. In this paper we discuss the characteristics of various antifuse structures. Tradeoffs between performance and reliability are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Resist Surface Roughness Calculated using Theoretical Percolation Model. (1998)

One of the most probable causes for the surface roughness on resist patterns is the locally ununiform distribution of photochemical events. This ununiformity arises because the photochemical events occur with a probability density as a function of illumination. This inevitable roughness is estimated by applying the percolation theory in the evaluation of the cross-linking reactions in negative resists. The calculation demonstrates that nanometer-scale roughness is formed at the surface of resist, and is larger in a chemically amplified resist than that in a conventional resist. The surface morphology of chemically amplified resists exposed to X-rays is also experimentally evaluated using atomic force microscopy.
Colonic mucormycosis presented with ischemic colitis in a liver transplant recipient (2013)

Mucormycosis is an uncommon opportunistic fungal infection with high mortality in liver transplant recipients. Mucormycosis of the gastrointestinal tract can manifest with features similar to ischemic colitis. Typically signs and symptoms of non-gangrenous ischemic colitis resolve spontaneously within 24-48 h. On the other hand, the clinical course of the mucormycosis is commonly fulminant. We encountered a case of invasive fungal colitis presenting with abdominal pain and hematochezia in a liver transplant recipient. Endoscopic examination showed multiple shallow ulcerations and edema with mucosal friabilities on the sigmoid and distal descending colon, which was consistent with ischemic colitis. However, the histological examination obtained from endoscopic biopsies showed fungal hyphae with surrounding inflammatory cells and mucosal necrosis. The patient was successfully managed with antifungal agent without surgical treatment. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment is essential for improving the prognosis of invasive fungal infection after liver transplantation.
Trends in surgical site infections in general surgery at a tertiary hospital (2012)

Surgical site infections (SSI) are a preventable cause of hospital acquired infections, which increase morbidity and mortality. This is a retrospective analysis of SSIs in patients undergoing general surgical and gastroenterological operations. The observed incidence was 3.63%. The commonest procedures resulting in SSI were those who underwent laparotomy for bowel resections. The commonest organisms isolated were Enterococcus and Klebsiella species. SSIs can be further reduced by strict adherence to SSI prevention guide-lines.
Light Fluorous Chemistry – A User's Guide (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Sources of Light Fluorous Compounds and Products Light Fluorous Synthesis with Fluorous Silica Gel Separations Organic Precursors and Organic Products Fluorous Precursors and Fluorous Products Fluorous Precursors and Organic Products Organic Precursors and Fluorous Products Combinations of Solid Phase and Fluorous Methods Fluorous Mixture Synthesis Coding of Enantiomers – Fluorous Quasiracemic Synthesis Coding of Diastereomers Coding of Analogs Fluorous Triphasic Reactions Triphasic Detagging Reactions Phase-Vanishing Reactions Conclusion
Automatic Decomposition And HEX-dominant Meshing Of Complex Aero Engine Components (2017)

CAD-CAE integration is a major bottleneck in the automation of simulation workflows and needs to be streamlined so that industry can benefit from the full potential of simulation tools for product design and validation. In this work, the simulation intent (Nolan et al. 2015) concept, which captures high level modelling and idealisation decisions, is applied to create an efficient and fit-for-purpose analysis model. In many analysis workflows, such as fan-blade-off and other highly non-linear time-dependent events, hexahedral (hex) elements are the preferred element type. However, automatic hex mesh generation tools are limited to a small class of geometries and as such the mesh generation process requires extensive manual effort. The current industrial standard for hex mesh generation requires complicated sub-division of the design geometry into sweep-meshable sub-domains. This work describes automated approaches for generating hex-dominant meshes for complex aero component by automatically identifying the sweepable sub-domains. Geometric reasoning is used to interrogate the geometric model definition to identify regions where appropriate meshing strategies can be readily applied.
Effect of Polymer Molecular Mass and Structure on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer–Glass Hybrids (2021)

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials are a promising class of materials for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. In this systematic study, the effect of the polymer molecular mass (MM) with a linear architecture on hybrid mechanical properties is reported. Well-defined linear poly(methyl methacrylate-<i>co</i>-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate)) polymers with a range of MMs of 9 to 90 kDa and one 90 kDa star-shaped polymer were synthesized and then used to form glass-polymer hybrids. It was demonstrated that increasing linear polymer MM decreases the resultant hybrid mechanical strength. Furthermore, a star-polymer hybrid was synthesized as a comparison and demonstrated significantly different mechanical properties relative to its linear-polymer counterpart.
Targeted next-generation sequencing: microdroplet PCR approach for variant detection in research and clinical samples (2011)

The maturation of next-generation sequencing technology and expertise has ushered in an exciting era of personalized genomic medicine. There are still many hurdles to be overcome with these approaches, yet the initial successes are already tantalizing enough to invigorate the entire field with optimism for the future.
Inflammation and CFTR: Might Neutrophils be the Key in Cystic Fibrosis? (1999)

The aim of this hypothesis is to provide new insights into the still unclear mechanisms governing airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis. Although the genetic basis of cystic fibrosis as well as the molecular structure of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), the mutated protein which causes the disease, have been well defined, a clear relationship between the genetic defect and the pulmonary pathophysiology, especially chronic infections and neutrophil-dominated airway inflammation has not been established. Cystic fibrosis is thus a unique pathological situation in that neutrophils can be depicted as both an antiinfectious and a proinflammatory cell. In cystic fibrosis there is an emerging picture of an imbalance between these two roles with both a reduction in the antiinfectious efficacy and an augmentation of the proinflammatory functions. Better knowledge of fundamental defects in neutrophil function in cystic fibrosis as well as a novel cellular function of CFTR, which will be reviewed, will allow identification of potentially new clinical targets and aid selective therapeutic action aimed at counteracting the lethal neutrophil-induced airway inflammation. The rationale for colchicine therapy is a significant example of a drug which might act both at the molecular levels on CFTR expression in epithelial cells and on neutrophils to mediate antiinflammatory effects. Preliminary results are presented in this issue (Med Inflamm 1999; 8: 13-15).
The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000. (2003)

Current estimates of the global burden of disease for diarrhoea are reported and compared with previous estimates made using data collected in 1954-79 and 1980-89. A structured literature review was used to identify studies that characterized morbidity rates by prospective surveillance of stable populations and studies that characterized mortality attributable to diarrhoea through active surveillance. For children under 5 years of age in developing areas and countries, there was a median of 3.2 episodes of diarrhoea per child-year. This indicated little change from previously described incidences. Estimates of mortality revealed that 4.9 children per 1000 per year in these areas and countries died as a result of diarrhoeal illness in the first 5 years of life, a decline from the previous estimates of 13.6 and 5.6 per 1000 per year. The decrease was most pronounced in children aged under 1 year. Despite improving trends in mortality rates, diarrhoea accounted for a median of 21% of all deaths of children aged under 5 years in these areas and countries, being responsible for 2.5 million deaths per year. There has not been a concurrent decrease in morbidity rates attributable to diarrhoea. As population growth is focused in the poorest areas, the total morbidity component of the disease burden is greater than previously.
Model for the radiation degradation of polycrystalline silicon films (2003)

The degradation of polycrystalline silicon (Poly-Si) films, subjected to 20-MeV alpha-ray irradiation, is studied. To investigate the radiation source dependence, 20-MeV proton and 1-MeV electron irradiation have been performed as well. The damage of alpha-rays is one and three orders of magnitude larger than for protons and electrons. The radiation source dependence of the performance degradation is attributed to the difference of mass and the probability of nuclear collisions for the formation of lattice defects. It is concluded that the combination of the induced lattice defects in the grain itself and the interface state density at its boundary are mainly responsible for the degradation of the Poly-Si films by high-energy particle irradiation. The degradation of the Poly-Si films can also be explained by a finite grain-bulk dynamic resistance r/sub c/ and a large-barrier dynamic resistance r/sub SCR/ based on the Schottky barrier diode degradation mechanism.
Leaching: Use of a Thermophilic and Chemoautotrophic Microbe (1973)

A chemoautotrophic, thermophilic, and acidophilic microorganism capable of oxidizing reduced sulfur and iron compounds and leaching concentrates of molybdenite and chalcopyrite at 60 degrees C has been characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. This constitutes the first direct observations of microorganisms on ore fines.
Cycloadditionen, 9. Intramolekulare Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion bei Allencarboxaniliden; Inkorporierung des Amid‐Stickstoffatoms in Benzo‐ und Dibenzo‐kondensierten Fünf‐, Sechs‐ und Siebenringen (1986)

Abstract Die Allencarboxanilide 6a – f , deren Amid‐Stickstoffatom Glied eines Benzo[ b ]‐kondensierten Fünf‐, Sechs‐ oder Siebenringes ist, werden auf dem „Phosphorylid‐Weg”︁ hergestellt. Thermolyse von 6 in siedendem Xylol induziert nur in jenen Fällen die intramolekulare Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion 6 → 7 , bei denen der Heterocyclus sechs‐ bzw. siebengliedrig ist. Das, Allencarboxamid 6b mit dem mono annellierten Sechsring liefert daneben aber als Hauptprodukte die Chinolinderivate 9 und 10 , während bei den Allenen 6a , c mit Fünfringheterocyclus überhaupt keine Reaktion stattfindet. Es wird versucht, dieses unterschiedliche Thermolyseverhalten an Hand von Betrachtungen der durch die Struktur vorgegebenen räumlichen Anordnung der beiden reagierenden π‐Systeme (Allen und Aromat) zueinander zu erklären.
Conservative management of a grade 4 renal laceration in a child. (2001)

Renal trauma associated with blunt abdominal trauma is common. Children presenting with grade 4 or 5 renal lacerations who are hemodynamically stable can be followed safely nonoperatively. No long-term complications from conservative management have been noted.
Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning Control of Non-Strict Feedback Nonaffine Dynamic Systems (2019)

The most focuses of the existing actor-critic reinforcement learning control (ARLC) are on dealing with continuous affine systems or discrete nonaffine systems. In this paper, I propose a new ARLC method for continuous nonaffine dynamic systems subject to unknown dynamics and external disturbances. A new input-to-state stable system is developed to establish an augmented dynamic system, from which I further get a strict-feedback affine model that is convenient for control designing based on a model transformation approach. The Nussbaum function is connected with a fuzzy approximation to devise an actor network whose tracking performance is further enhanced via strengthening signals generated by a fuzzy critic network. The stability of the closed-loop control system is guaranteed by the Lyapunov synthesis. Finally, the comparison simulation results are presented to verify the design.
Respiratory cancer in Danish bakers: a 10 year cohort study. (1986)

A national cohort based on the census at 9 November 1970 and the death registration files from 1970 to 1980 was analysed to see if skilled Danish bakers had an excess of respiratory cancer. The group of skilled bakers was divided into occupational subgroups to try to narrow down the possible causes of cancer. Significant excess mortality was found among skilled bakers in retail bakeries, skilled bakers in hotels and restaurants, and independent bakers. To adjust for confounding factors, the SMR was calculated with control groups of equal social status and smoking habits. With all skilled workers as the reference group, skilled bakers in retail bakeries still had an excess, but now insignificant, risk but skilled bakers in hotels and restaurants had a significant excess risk. Compared with all self employed people in urban occupations in which an average of six or fewer workers were employed as a referent group, independent bakers had an insignificant excess risk. Suspected carcinogens in bakeries include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), reaction products of PAH, free radicals, n-nitrosodimethylamine, aflatoxin, sterigmatocystin, and zeralenone.
Distinct molecular pathways in ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma with concurrent endometriosis (2018)

Women with endometriosis, a benign growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, are at increased risk of specific histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer, such as ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma (OEA). Women with OEA who have endometriosis at time of surgical staging demonstrate improved clinical prognosis compared to women with OEA without evidence of endometriosis. However, the molecular contributions of the endometriotic tumor microenvironment to these ovarian cancers remain poorly understood. As a starting point, we used a platform for genome-wide transcriptomic profiling to compare specimens of OEA from women with and without concurrent endometriosis and benign reproductive tract tissues, including proliferative endometrium and typical and atypical endometrioma samples (n = 20). Principle component analysis revealed distinct clustering between benign and malignant samples as well as malignant samples with and without concurrent endometriosis. Examination of gene signatures revealed that OEA with concurrent endometriosis contained a unique molecular signature compared to OEA without concurrent endometriosis, distinguished by 682 unique genes differentially expressed (fold change < or >1.5, p < 0.01). Bioinformatic analysis of these differentially expressed gene products using ingenuity pathway analysis revealed activation of NFkB signaling, an inflammatory signaling pathway constitutively active in endometriosis. DAVID functional annotation clustering further revealed enrichment in RAS signaling as both cytoskeleton organization and GTPase regulator activity relied heavily on RAS protein signal transduction. Gene set enrichment analysis highlighted immune and inflammatory nodes involved in OEA with concurrent endometriosis. These observations provide novel resources for understanding molecular subtleties potentially involved in OEA within the context of the endometriotic tumor microenvironment.
Single frequency, high power, tapered diode laser using phase-conjugated feedback (2005)

We demonstrate up to 1.6 Watts of single frequency output from a tapered diode laser operating at 785 nm. The tapered diode laser is used in a rear end external cavity set-up where the external feedback element is a combination of a BaTiO3 phase-conjugating crystal and a high reflection mirror. The set-up presented inherently suppresses the self-wavelength scanning effect, which is well known when employing a phase-conjugating crystal as a dynamic wavelength selection component in a laser cavity. The experimental results have been discussed theoretically in some details by employing a two-beam coupling model.