gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation characteristics of highly strained 1100 nm GaInAs/GaAs vertical cavity surface emitting laser on GaAs (311)B (2002)

We have investigated the modulation characteristics of a highly strained GaInAs/GaAs vertical cavity surface emitting laser. This laser exhibits stable polarization operation and the emitting wavelength is 1125 nm. The eye pattern after 5 km single-mode fiber transmission was clearly opened under 1 Gbit/s modulation speed.
Remote Continuous Physiological Monitoring in the Home (1996)

As part of a larger study we established a remote physiological monitoring network to investigate cardiorespiratory function during sleep in 400 infants in their homes. The objective of the study was to link measurements made at three weeks and three months of age with detailed measurements of maternal and fetal nutrition during pregnancy and subsequent outcome (growth, development and cardiorespiratory diseases). Five infants per night were monitored anywhere within a radius of 10 miles (16 km) of the remote hub. Of 800 overnight studies on 64 (of 400) infants, 99 were completed. Options allowed downloading data from monitor memory as well as review (on- and off-line) from the infants' or nurses' homes, the hub and the Oxford telemonitoring centre. The reasons for these measurements being made at home were to ensure physiological accuracy and to reduce cost. The network was effectively run by local community nurses; with the exception of the size and cost of the monitors, it had all the elements of a remote primary-care clinical service.
A Method of Defect Depth Estimation for Simulated Infrared Thermography Data with Deep Learning (2020)

Infrared thermography has already been proven to be a significant method in non-destructive evaluation since it gives information with immediacy, rapidity, and low cost. However, the thorniest issue for the wider application of IRT is quantification. In this work, we proposed a specific depth quantifying technique by employing the Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) in composite material samples via pulsed thermography (PT). Finite Element Method (FEM) modeling provides the economic examination of the response pulsed thermography. In this work, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) specimens embedded with flat bottom holes are stimulated by a FEM modeling (COMSOL) with precisely controlled depth and geometrics of the defects. The GRU model automatically quantified the depth of defects presented in the stimulated CFRP material. The proposed method evaluated the accuracy and performance of synthetic CFRP data from FEM for defect depth predictions.
Lossless Image Compression through Super-Resolution (2020)

We introduce a simple and efficient lossless image compression algorithm. We store a low resolution version of an image as raw pixels, followed by several iterations of lossless super-resolution. For lossless super-resolution, we predict the probability of a high-resolution image, conditioned on the low-resolution input, and use entropy coding to compress this super-resolution operator. Super-Resolution based Compression (SReC) is able to achieve state-of-the-art compression rates with practical runtimes on large datasets. Code is available online at https://github.com/caoscott/SReC.
Pole Focusing: A New Approach to LPC Analysis offering Superior Noise Robustness and Feature Resolution (1988)

The speech analysis technique presented in this paper is based on a novel pole-focusing mechanism. This method of analysis is shown to greatly improve the noise immunity in the extraction of resonance features from linear prediction spectra. The detection of very low-intensity spectral features is enhanced compared to standard LPC analysis, and superior separation is provided of features which tend to merge in the time-frequency plane. The technique employs off-axis spectral estimation coupled with a progressive increase in the LPC model order. Contrary to the standard LPC analysis, preemphasis is found to degrade the performance of the pole-focusing techniaue. Finally, the pole focusing technique appears to be less sensitive to choice of the vocal tract model order.
A Study on the Structure of Recognition of Wildlife through Nature Observation (1996)

自然観察において人が動植物を認識する構造を考察するため, 小学校から高校生までを対象に行われた自然観察路コンクールの入選作品を分析した。観察者が動植物を認識する要因として, 動植物自体が有する物理的な特徴, 距離的・心理的親しみやすさ, 教育等によって観察者にあらかじめ与えられている情報, 動植物の分布状況がもたらす出会いやすさ, の4つの要素が介在しており, 年齢とともに各要素に対する認識の仕方は変化することが明らかとなった。年齢が低いほど五感への刺激が強い動物や親和性の高い動植物を多く認識し, 年齢が高いほど刺激や親しみやすさと観察の相関は薄れていく。
Pulsed-laser excited thermal lens spectroscopy with sample-fluid heat coupling (2010)

Analytical and finite element analysis modeling methods of the pulsed-laser excited photothermal (PT) lens signal of solids samples surrounded by air are presented. The analytical and finite element analysis solutions for the temperatures induced in the sample and in the air were found to agree over the range of conditions in this report. Model results show that the air contribution to the total PT lens signal is significant in many cases. In fact, these solutions open up the possibility of applying the pulsed excited thermal lens method for accurate prediction of the heat transfer to the coupling fluid and subsequently to study the gas surrounding the samples by using a known material solid sample.
A New Field Isolation Technology for High Density MOS LSI (1979)

A unique field isolation technology has been developed for n-channel MOS LSI's in which the HF gas reverse etching of oxide was utilized. This new technology essentially eliminates several disadvantages of the widely used coplanar (also known as LOCOS) technology. The field oxide delineation without bird's beak, the lateral oxidation under the nitride mask, increases the packing density by about 43% and 55% for 4 µ and 3 µ design rules, respectively. Undesirable lateral diffusion of impurities during field oxidation is also greatly reduced in the new technology. Test devices and LSI's were fabricated and tested. The feasibility as a LSI process was successfully verified with the 16-bit microprocessor chip of TOSBAC 40L.
A Comparative Theoretical and Computational Study on Robust Counterpart Optimization: III. Improving the Quality of Robust Solutions (2014)

In this paper, we study the solution quality of robust optimization problems when they are used to approximate probabilistic constraints and propose a novel method to improve the quality. Two solution frameworks are first compared: (1) the traditional robust optimization framework which only uses the a priori probability bounds and (3) the approximation framework which uses the a posteriori probability bound. We illustrate that the traditional robust optimization method is computationally efficient but its solution is in general conservative. On the other hand, the a posteriori probability bound based method provides less conservative solution but it is computationally more difficult because a nonconvex optimization problem is solved. Based on the comparative study of the two methods, we propose a novel iterative solution framework which combines the advantage of the a priori bound and the a posteriori probability bound. The proposed method can improve the solution quality of traditional robust optimization framework without significantly increasing the computational effort. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through numerical examples and applications in planning and scheduling problems.
The role of polarization-induced reorientation of DNA strands on organic field-effect transistor-based biosensors sensitivity at high ionic strength (2015)

The detection of the intrinsic charge of biochemical molecules is a promising strategy for the fabrication of field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensors for direct, non-destructive detection of several biochemical reactions. Nevertheless, the high ionic concentration of standard environments for biochemical species represents a significant limitation to this sensing strategy. Here, an investigation on the physical mechanisms behind the ability of an organic FET-based sensor to detect DNA hybridization at high ionic strengths is proposed. The capability of the device to correctly detect single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides and their hybridization with a complementary target sequence has been analyzed in detail. In particular, the electrical response in solutions with different ionic strengths was investigated and put in relation with the nano-scale properties of DNA strands employed as receptors. Fluorescence analysis shows that it is possible to electrically modify their orientation and consequently improve the device sensitivity in conditions close to those occurring during in vivo hybridization.
Grids and Grid technologies for wide‐area distributed computing (2002)

Abstract The last decade has seen a substantial increase in commodity computer and network performance, mainly as a result of faster hardware and more sophisticated software. Nevertheless, there are still problems, in the fields of science, engineering, and business, which cannot be effectively dealt with using the current generation of supercomputers. In fact, due to their size and complexity, these problems are often very numerically and/or data intensive and consequently require a variety ofheterogeneous resources that are not available on a single machine. A number of teams have conducted experimental studies on the cooperative use of geographically distributed resources unified to act as a single powerful computer. This new approach is known by several names, such as metacomputing, scalable computing, global computing, Internet computing, and more recently peer‐to‐peer or Grid computing. The early efforts in Grid computing started as a project to link supercomputing sites, but have now grown far beyond their original intent. In fact, many applications can benefit from the Grid infrastructure, including collaborative engineering, data exploration, high‐throughput computing, and of course distributed supercomputing. Moreover, due to the rapid growth of the Internet and Web, there has been a rising interest in Web‐based distributed computing, and many projects have been started and aim to exploit the Web as an infrastructure for running coarse‐grained distributed and parallel applications. In this context, the Web has the capability to be a platform for parallel and collaborative work as well as a key technology to create a pervasive and ubiquitous Grid‐based infrastructure. This paper aims to present the state‐of‐the‐art of Grid computing and attempts to survey the major international efforts in developing this emerging technology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Effective Treatment of Acute and Chronic Murine Tuberculosis with Liposome-Encapsulated Clofazimine (1999)

The therapeutic efficacy of liposomal clofazimine (L-CLF) was studied in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Erdman. Groups of mice were treated with either free clofazimine (F-CLF), L-CLF, or empty liposomes twice a week for five treatments beginning on day 1 (acute), day 21 (established), or day 90 (chronic) postinfection. One day after the last treatment, the numbers of CFU of M. tuberculosis in the spleen, liver, and lungs were determined. F-CLF at the maximum tolerated dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight was ineffective; however, 10-fold-higher doses of L-CLF demonstrated a dose response with significant CFU reduction in all tissues without any toxic effects. In acutely infected mice, 50 mg of L-CLF/kg reduced CFU 2 to 3 log units in all three organs. In established or chronic infection, treated mice showed no detectable CFU in the spleen or liver and 1- to 2-log-unit reduction in the lungs. A second series of L-CLF treatments cleared M. tuberculosis in all three tissues. L-CLF appears to be bactericidal in the liver and spleen, which remained negative for M. tuberculosis growth for 2 months. Thus, L-CLF could be useful in the treatment of tuberculosis.
RNA Interference in Insect Vectors for Plant Viruses (2016)

Insects and other arthropods are the most important vectors of plant pathogens. The majority of plant pathogens are disseminated by arthropod vectors such as aphids, beetles, leafhoppers, planthoppers, thrips and whiteflies. Transmission of plant pathogens and the challenges in managing insect vectors due to insecticide resistance are factors that contribute to major food losses in agriculture. RNA interference (RNAi) was recently suggested as a promising strategy for controlling insect pests, including those that serve as important vectors for plant pathogens. The last decade has witnessed a dramatic increase in the functional analysis of insect genes, especially those whose silencing results in mortality or interference with pathogen transmission. The identification of such candidates poses a major challenge for increasing the role of RNAi in pest control. Another challenge is to understand the RNAi machinery in insect cells and whether components that were identified in other organisms are also present in insect. This review will focus on summarizing success cases in which RNAi was used for silencing genes in insect vector for plant pathogens, and will be particularly helpful for vector biologists.
Tumor localization and antitumor efficacy of novel sapphyrin compounds (2006)

Sapphyrins are pentapyrrolic metal-free expanded porphyrins with potential medical use as anticancer agents. The novel sapphyrin derivative, PCI-2050, functionalized with 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy groups to enhance solubility and a modified bipyrrole moiety was found to be more potent in inducing apoptosis than the previously described sapphyrin PCI-2000. Because some sapphyrins may localize to tumors, we took advantage of the intrinsic fluorescence of these compounds to develop a flow cytometry-based assay to track sapphyrin biodistribution in tumor-bearing mice. Ex vivo analysis of sapphyrin-injected animals revealed that PCI-2050 preferentially localized to tumor, whereas PCI-2000 distributed into normal tissues rather than tumor. PCI-2050 uptake in xenograft tumor cells and resultant tumor cell cytotoxicity was dose dependent. To investigate structure-activity relationships, we focused on PCI-2050 and three derivatives that differ by their alkyl substituents on the bipyrrole moiety: PCI-2051, PCI-2052, and PCI-2053. Treatment of Ramos cells in culture or treatment of Ramos xenograft-bearing animals with each of the sapphyrins followed by ex vivo growth of tumor cells revealed the same pattern of cytotoxicity: PCI-2050 > PCI-2052 > PCI-2051 > PCI-2053. Thus, subtle changes in the alkyl substituents on the bipyrrole moiety result in significant changes in antitumor activity. PCI-2050 displayed significant antitumor efficacy in both Ramos and RKO xenograft models without hematologic, hepatic, or renal abnormalities as assessed by complete blood counts and serum chemistries. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that the sapphyrin PCI-2050 warrants further evaluation as a potential anticancer agent due to its intrinsic proapoptotic activity and tumor localization ability.
C60-Fused Dihydrophenanthrenes via C–H Bond Activation (2015)

Key words C–H bond activation - phenanthrenes - fullerenes - decarboxylative annulation
AEGLE's Cloud Infrastructure for Resource Monitoring and Containerized Accelerated Analytics (2017)

This paper presents the cloud infrastructure of the AEGLE project, that targets to integrate cloud technologies together with heterogeneous reconfigurable computing in large scale healthcare systems for Big Bio-Data analytics. AEGLEs engineering concept brings together the hot big-data engines with emerging acceleration technologies, putting the basis for personalized and integrated health-care services, while also promoting related research activities. We introduce the design of AEGLE's accelerated infrastructure along with the corresponding software and hardware acceleration stacks to support various big data analytics workloads showing that through effective resource containerization AEGLE's cloud infrastructure is able to support high heterogeneity regarding to storage types, execution engines, utilized tools and execution platforms. Special care is given to the integration of high performance accelerators within the overall software stack of AEGLE's infrastructure, which enable efficient execution of analytics, up to 140× according to our preliminary evaluations, over pure software executions.
Insights into the domestication of avocado and potential genetic contributors to heterodichogamy (2022)

SUMMARY The domestication history of avocado ( Persea americana ) remains unclear, in part due to a lack of suitable genomic tools. We created a reference genome from the Gwen varietal, which is closely related to the economically dominant Hass varietal. We also compiled a database of 34 resequenced accessions that represented the three botanical races of P. americana . Our genome assembly had an N50 of 3.37 megabases, a BUSCO score of 91% and was scaffolded with a genetic map, producing 12 pseudo-chromosomes with 49,450 genes. We used the Gwen genome as a reference to investigate the population genomics of avocado. Our analyses were consistent with three separate domestication events; we estimated that the Mexican race diverged from the Lowland (formerly known as ‘West Indian’) and Guatemalan races &gt;1 million years ago. We also identified putative targets of selective sweeps in domestication events; within the Guatemalan race, putative candidate genes were enriched for fruit development and ripening. We also investigated divergence between heterodichogamous flowering types. With the help of a new reference genome, we inferred the domestication history of avocado and identified genes that may contribute to heterodichogamy, including genes with functions in pollination and floral development.
A paracrine activin A–mDia2 axis promotes squamous carcinogenesis via fibroblast reprogramming (2020)

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key regulators of tumorigenesis and promising targets for next‐generation therapies. We discovered that cancer cell‐derived activin A reprograms fibroblasts into pro‐tumorigenic CAFs. Mechanistically, this occurs via Smad2‐mediated transcriptional regulation of the formin mDia2, which directly promotes filopodia formation and cell migration. mDia2 also induces expression of CAF marker genes through prevention of p53 nuclear accumulation, resulting in the production of a pro‐tumorigenic matrisome and secretome. The translational relevance of this finding is reflected by activin A overexpression in tumor cells and of mDia2 in the stroma of skin cancer and other malignancies and the correlation of high activin A/mDia2 levels with poor patient survival. Blockade of this signaling axis using inhibitors of activin, activin receptors, or mDia2 suppressed cancer cell malignancy and squamous carcinogenesis in 3D organotypic cultures, ex vivo, and in vivo, providing a rationale for pharmacological inhibition of activin A‐mDia2 signaling in stratified cancer patients.
Metaplasticity in the human swallowing system: clinical implications for dysphagia rehabilitation (2021)

Dysphagia is a common and devastating complication following brain damage. Over the last 2 decades, dysphagia treatments have shifted from compensatory to rehabilitative strategies that facilitate neuroplasticity, which is the reorganization of neural networks that is essential for functional recovery. Moreover, there is growing interest in the application of cortical and peripheral neurostimulation to promote such neuroplasticity. Despite some preliminary positive findings, the variability in responsiveness toward these treatments remains substantial. The purpose of this review is to summarize findings on the effects of neurostimulation in promoting neuroplasticity for dysphagia rehabilitation and highlight the need to develop more effective treatment strategies. We then discuss the role of metaplasticity, a homeostatic mechanism of the brain to regulate plasticity changes, in helping to drive neurorehabilitation. Finally, a hypothesis on how metaplasticity could be applied in dysphagia rehabilitation to enhance treatment outcomes is proposed.
2,3-Seco-2,3-dioxo-lyngbyatoxin A from a Red Sea strain of the marine cyanobacterium Moorea producens (2014)

Chemical investigation of the organic extract of a Red Sea strain of the cyanobacterium Moorea producens has afforded 2,3-seco-2,3-dioxo-lyngbyatoxin A (1). Five known compounds including lyngbyatoxin A (2), majusculamides A and B (3 and 4), aplysiatoxin (5) and debromoaplysiatoxin (6) were also isolated. Their structures were elucidated by using HR-FAB-MS, 1D and 2D NMR analyses. The compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against HeLa cancer cells. Lyngbyatoxin A (2) showed potent activity, with an IC50 of 9.2 nM, while 5 and 6 displayed modest activity with IC50 values of 13.3 and 3.03 μM, respectively. In contrast, compounds 1, 3 and 4 were inactive, with IC50 values greater than 50 μM. The lack of cytotoxicity for 2,3-seco-2,3-dioxo-lyngbyatoxin A (1) demonstrates that the indole moiety in lyngbyatoxin (2) is essential for its cytotoxicity, and suggests that detoxification of 2 may be carried out by biological oxidation of the indole moiety to yield 1.
Canonical and grand canonical ensemble expectation values from quantum Monte Carlo simulations (2003)

We present a method for obtaining grand canonical expectation values as a continuous function of the chemical potential in quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We show how canonical ensemble expectation values can be extracted in such simulations. In order to obtain results for all particle sectors, a modest number of grand canonical simulations must be performed, each at a different chemical potential. With the canonical ensemble results in hand, grand canonical expectation values can be constructed for arbitrary dopings. Results are presented from the application of this method to the two-dimensional Hubbard model.
Hemodynamic Stresses Induce Endothelial Dysfunction and Remodeling of Pulmonary Artery in Experimental Compensated Heart Failure (2000)

In compensated HF induced by small myocardial infarction, hemodynamics, vascular wall function, and structure are altered in PA but preserved in TA. These results indicate that the pulmonary vascular bed is an early target of regional circulatory alterations in HF.
Comparative Tracking Error Analysis of Five Different Optical Tracking Systems (2000)

Objective: Effective utilization of an optical tracking system for image-based surgical guidance requires optimal placement of the dynamic reference frame (DRF) with respect to the tracking camera. Unlike other studies that measure the overall accuracy of a particular navigation system, this study investigates the precision of one component of the navigation system: the optical tracking system (OTS). The precision of OTS measurements is quantified asjitter. By measuring jitter, one can better understand how system inaccuracies depend on the position of the DRF with respect to the camera.Materials and Methods: Both FlashPoint™ (Image Guided Technologies, Inc., Boulder, Colorado) and Polaris™ (Northern Digital Inc., Ontario, Canada) optical tracking systems were tested in five different camera and DRF configurations. A linear testing apparatus with a software interface was designed to facilitate data collection. Jitter measurements were collected over a single quadrant within the camera viewing volume, as symmetry was assumed about the horizontal and vertical axes.Results: Excluding the highest 5% of jitter, the FlashPoint cameras had an RMS jitter range of 0.028 ± 0.012 mm for the 300 mm model, 0.051 ± 0.038 mm for the 580 mm model, and 0.059 ± 0.047 mm for the 1 m model. The Polaris camera had an RMS jitter range of 0.058 ± 0.037 mm with an active DRF and 0.115 ± 0.075 mm with a passive DRF. Conclusion: Both FlashPoint and Polaris have jitter less than 0.11 mm, although the error distributions differ significantly. Total jitter for all systems is dominated by the component measured in the axis directed away from the camera.