gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis induced by the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate in human leukemic lymphoblasts (1999)

The histone deacetylase inhibitor and potential anti-cancer drug sodium butyrate is a general inducer of growth arrest, differentiation, and in certain cell types, apoptosis. In human CCRF-CEM, acute T lymphoblastic leukemia cells, butyrate, and other histone deacetylase inhibitors caused G2/M cell cycle arrest as well as apoptotic cell death. Forced G0/G1 arrest by tetracycline-regulated expression of transgenic p16/INK4A protected the cells from butyrate-induced cell death without affecting the extent of histone hyperacetylation, suggesting that the latter may be necessary, but not sufficient, for cell death induction. Nuclear apoptosis, but not G2/M arrest, was delayed but not prevented by the tripeptide broad-range caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp.fluoromethylketone (zVAD) and, to a lesser extent, by the tetrapeptide 'effector caspase' inhibitors benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp.fluoromethylketone (DEVD) and benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Glu-Ile-Asp.fluoromethyl-ketone (VEID); however, the viral protein inhibitor of 'inducer caspases', crmA, had no effect. Bcl-2 overexpression partially protected stably transfected CCRF-CEM sublines from butyrate-induced apoptosis, but showed no effect on butyrate-induced growth inhibition, further distinguishing these two butyrate effects. c-myc, constitutively expressed in CCRF-CEM cells, was down-regulated by butyrate, but this was not causative for cell death. On the contrary, tetracycline-induced transgenic c-myc sensitized stably transfected CCRF-CEM derivatives to butyrate-induced cell death.
Fast location of seismicity: A migration-type approach with application to hydraulic-fracturing data (2006)

Abstract We propose a new approach for the location of seismic sources using a technique inspired by Gaussian-beam migration of three-component data. This approach requires only the preliminary picking of time intervals around a detected event and is much less sensitive to the picking precision than standard location procedures. Furthermore, this approach is characterized by a high degree of automation. The polarization information of three-component data is estimated and used to perform initial-value ray tracing. By weighting the energy of the signal using Gaussian beams around these rays, the stacking is restricted to physically relevant regions only. Event locations correspond to regions of maximum energy in the resulting image. We have successfully applied the method to synthetic data examples with 20%–30% white noise and to real data of a hydraulic-fracturing experiment, where events with comparatively small magnitudes (&amp;lt;0) were recorded.
Once tesis sobre el mercado y la sociedad civil (2008)

El presente artculo 1 constituye una reflexin sobre el concepto de sociedad civil, centrado en el debate sobre la idoneidad de integrar los mercados en dicha concepcin.Se presenta un total de once tesis, siguiendo el esquema literario, que no poltico, de las tesis de Marx sobre Feuerbach, con el propsito de fomentar discusiones originales entre los detractores y defensores de la sociedad civil.A lo largo de estas once tesis se explora el papel que histricamente se le ha atribuido al mercado en la sociedad civil, y se analizan los motivos por los cuales las visiones actuales de la sociedad civil se basan por lo general en concepciones puristas que excluyen al mercado de dicha esfera.A partir de ah se argumenta contra estas visiones de sociedad civil que se consideran errneas por motivos tanto conceptuales como por errores de carcter estratgico.Finalmente, se defiende la necesidad de interpretar el mundo de un nuevo modo y formular nuevas propuestas de cmo los mercados pueden hoy en da ser re-incrustados en la sociedad civil con tal de fomentar la libertad y la igualdad entendidos en trminos complejos.
Bacteriophage Capsid Modification by Genetic and Chemical Methods (2021)

Bacteriophages are viruses whose ubiquity in nature and remarkable specificity to their host bacteria enable an impressive and growing field of tunable biotechnologies in agriculture and public health. Bacteriophage capsids, which house and protect their nucleic acids, have been modified with a range of functionalities (e.g., fluorophores, nanoparticles, antigens, drugs) to suit their final application. Functional groups naturally present on bacteriophage capsids can be used for electrostatic adsorption or bioconjugation, but their impermanence and poor specificity can lead to inconsistencies in coverage and function. To overcome these limitations, researchers have explored both genetic and chemical modifications to enable strong, specific bonds between phage capsids and their target conjugates. Genetic modification methods involve introducing genes for alternative amino acids, peptides, or protein sequences into either the bacteriophage genomes or capsid genes on host plasmids to facilitate recombinant phage generation. Chemical modification methods rely on reacting functional groups present on the capsid with activated conjugates under the appropriate solution pH and salt conditions. This review surveys the current state-of-the-art in both genetic and chemical bacteriophage capsid modification methodologies, identifies major strengths and weaknesses of methods, and discusses areas of research needed to propel bacteriophage technology in development of biosensors, vaccines, therapeutics, and nanocarriers.
Synthesis and absolute stereochemistry of 5-alkyl-5-(3'-hydroxy-1'-methylbutyl)barbituric acid and 5-alkyl-5-(3'-hydroxy-1'-methylbutyl)-2-thiobarbituric acids (1975)

5-Alkyl-5-(3-hydroxy-1-methylbutyl) barbituric acid (2) and 5-alkyl-5-(3-hydroxy-1-methylbutyl)-2-thiobarbituric acids (3) are matabolites of 5-alkyl-5-(2-pentyl) barbituric acid and 5-alkyl-5-(2-pantyl)-2-thiobarbituric acid, respectively. We have synthesized the four possible optical isomers of 2 and 3 by a procedure which established the absolute stereochemistry of each isomer. The two racemic pairs in each case were also prepared. The properties of these synthetic samples of 2 and 3 of known stereochemistry are compared to the properties of 2 and 3 which have been isolated from metabolism studies.
Estrogen differentially regulates estrogen and nerve growth factor receptor mRNAs in adult sensory neurons (1994)

We have previously shown that neurons in the basal forebrain colocalize the neurotrophin receptor p75NGFR and estrogen receptors. The present study was designed to examine (1) if neural neurotrophin targets respond to estrogen as a general phenotypic feature and (2) if NGF receptor mRNAs are regulated by estrogen, using a prototypical target of NGF, the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) (sensory) neuron. We demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of estrogen receptor mRNA and protein (binding sites) in adult female rat DRG. Moreover, estrogen receptor mRNA expression, while present in DRG neurons from both the ovariectomized (OVX; estrogen deficient) and intact female rat, was downregulated, as in the adult CNS, during proestrus (high estrogen levels) and in OVX animals replaced with proestrus levels of estrogen, as compared to OVX controls. In contrast, although the mRNAs for the NGF receptors p75NGFR and trkA were also expressed in DRG neurons from OVX and intact animals, expression of both NGF receptor mRNAs was upregulated in sensory neurons during proestrus, as compared to the OVX condition. Estrogen replacement, on the other hand, resulted in a transient downregulation of p75NGFR mRNA and a time-dependent upregulation of trkA mRNA. Estrogen regulation of NGF receptor mRNA in adult peripheral neural targets of the neurotrophins supports the hypothesis that estrogen may regulate neuronal sensitivity to neurotrophins such as NGF and may be an important mediator of neurotrophin actions in normal neural function and following neural trauma.
Targeting the Notch Pathway: Twists and Turns on the Road to Rational Therapeutics (2012)

Article Tools UNDERSTANDING THE PATHWAY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2012.42.0992 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print May 14, 2012 PMID: 22585704 Targeting the Notch Pathway: Twists and Turns on the Road to Rational Therapeutics Jon C. AsterxJon C. AsterSearch for articles by this author Stephen C. BlacklowxStephen C. BlacklowSearch for articles by this author Show More Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MADana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.42.0992 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2012 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
LA LINEA DE LA POBREZA. ESTIMACIONES DE LA CANASTA ALIMENTARIA (1995)

La realidad economica-social de Venezuela se ha ido transformando y hasta ahora no se cuenta con un marco de estadisticas sociales que permita registrar, seguir, evaluar y vigilar estos cambios. Durante muchos anos, la politica social en nuestro pais estuvo dirigida, basicamente, a los programas universales tradicionales del Estado, de caracter permanente, en las areas de educacion, salud, seguro social, vivienda popular, acondicionamiento de barrios, alcantarillado, instalacion de red de cloacas, etc; complementados con los subsidios generalizados a los bienes y servicios. La produccion de las estadisticas tenia correspondencia con el nivel de necesidades determinado por esta orientacion politica en el sentido de procesar informacion relativa a un conocimiento general de los indicadores del sector social.
Signal Processing Based Pile-up Compensation for Gated Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (2018)

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based transient imaging suffers from an aberration called pile-up. When multiple photons arrive within a single repetition period of the illuminating laser, the SPAD records only the arrival of the first photon; this leads to a bias in the recorded light transient wherein the transient response at later time-instants are under-estimated. An unfortunate consequence of this is the need to operate the illumination at low-power levels to reduce the probability of multiple photons returning in a single period. Operating the laser at low power results in either low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the measured transients or reduced frame rate due to longer exposure durations to achieve a high SNR. In this paper, we propose a signal processing-based approach to compensate pile-up in post-processing, thereby enabling high power operation of the illuminating laser. While increasing illumination does cause a fundamental information loss in the data captured by SPAD, we quantify this information loss using Cramer-Rao bound and show that the errors in our framework are only limited to this information loss. We experimentally validate our hypotheses using real data from a lab prototype.
Transport of hydrocortisone in targeted layers of the skin by multi-lamellar liposomes (2023)

Hydrocortisone (HyC), a hydrophobic pharmaceutical active, was encapsulated in multi-lamellar liposomes (MLLs) composed of P100, a mixture of phospholipids, and Tween®80. Three different HyC-loaded formulations were designed to target the <i>stratum corneum</i>, the living epidermis and the hypodermis. The impact of encapsulation on their size, elasticity and zeta potential, the three key factors controlling MLLs skin penetration, was studied. Raman mapping of phospholipids and HyC allowed the localisation of both components inside an artificial skin, Strat-M®, demonstrating the efficiency of the targeting. Percutaneous permeation profiles through excised human skin were performed over 48 h, supporting results on artificial skin. Their modelling revealed that HyC encapsulated in MLLs, designed to target the <i>stratum corneum</i> and living epidermis, exhibited a non-Fickian diffusion process. In contrast, a Fickian diffusion was found for HyC administered in solution, in a pharmaceutical cream and in transdermal MLLs. These results allowed us to propose a mechanism of interaction between HyC-containing MLLs and the skin.
Conformations and Conformational Processes of Undecylolactam (1996)

The conformation of undecylolactam (1-azacyclododecan-2-one) was investigated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy in solutions between 25 and -140°C. Only the trans isomer is present. At low temperature, the solution was shown to contain two species, different with respect to the ring conformation. Two conformational processes were observed. The higher energy process was visible in the 1H but not in the 13C spectra, with a coalescence temperature of ca. -75°C and a free energy of activation of ΔG = 37 kJ mol−1. This process was identified as geminal exchange of methylene hydrogens. A lower energy process was visible in both the 1H and 13C NMR spectra with coalescence temperatures of ca. -87°C and a free energy of activation of ΔG = 35 kJ mol−1. Below -90°C all 13C resonances are split into a double set of lines in the proportion of about 1:2. Changes also take place in the 1H spectrum, but the resonances are broad and overlapping. This conformational process was identified as interconversion between the two trans forms of undecylolactam. Conformational candidates for the two trans conformers in solution are proposed.
Production Optimization of Deep Commingled Multizone Wells with High Gas Content Using ESP and Digital Solutions (2020)

Abstract Objectives/Scope: The Goal is to Increase production on new gassy and deep wells having primary recovery, avoiding downtime due to pump gas lock on existing deployments, where is not possible to change the down hole design. The solution is done by installing a new algorithm at the existing drive’s controller in "las Piedras" field. This is applied in slim wells with 5 ½" casings and 2600-2800m deep. ESP installed below and between perforations in commingle configuration. Methods, Procedures, Process: Different downhole configuration having gas separators, gas handlers, and taper were used in the past to mitigate the free gas, wich is difficult to predict it given the amount of layers produced at same time. This paper show the experience of the last digital technology applied: an algorithm that speed up and down the pump using information of load, motor temperature and pressures. This way, the surface equipment can predict a down hole gas locking condition and avoid it before it happens and Keep the ESP in constant production even if some gas sag appears Results, Observations, Conclusions: Wells in "Las Piedras" fields are vertical with 5 ½" casing. Several layers are perforated at the same time and produced in commingle. ESP is installed below or between such perforations assisted by a 4 ½" shroud to ensure refrigeration and some natural separation. Seals and motor used are 375 series. Pumps used are 400 series typically mix flow stages. Typical production rate is between 1000 to 1700bpd, 54% WC and @ 1000 psi of dynamic pressure. Considering the fact that system typically is operating below perforation, some times it is experienced some free gas above 20% at low pressure in the intake, which requires some additional assistance. 6 wells having gas locking problems, as mentioned above, were modified in the surface using this algorithm achieving a constant production. Downtime was reduced by eliminating unnecessary underload trips, while maintaining the system within a safe mechanical condition (range, temperature, in example). An average increase production of 1000bpd of crude per month was achieved by eliminating downtime. Savings where generated by eliminating some premature failure but also eliminating rig time to pull and optimize the downhole equipment to handle the unexpected gas condition. Novel/Additive Information: New digital technologies are helping to model and predict some well behaviors and avoid late reactions that could generate unnecessary trips downtime and failures. In the past, drives only speeds up under gas-locking situation using Electrical Current as feedback. Today other measured or calculated variables can optimize that behavior more effectively. This paper will show such considerations and drive settings for multilayer wells produced in commingle.
Structures of Glucomanno-oligosaccharides from the Hydrolytic Products of Konjac Glucomannan Produced by a β-Mannanase fromStreptomycessp. (1984)

Journal Article Structures of Glucomanno-oligosaccharides from the Hydrolytic Products of Konjac Glucomannan Produced by a β-Mannanase from Streptomyces sp. Get access Rihei Takahashi, Rihei Takahashi Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Isao Kusakabe, Isao Kusakabe Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156, Japan Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, Sakura-mura, Niihari-gun, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Satoru Kusama, Satoru Kusama Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156, Japan Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, Sakura-mura, Niihari-gun, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshio Sakurai, Yoshio Sakurai Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuo Murakami, Kazuo Murakami Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akio Maekawa, Akio Maekawa Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takao Suzuki Takao Suzuki Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 48, Issue 12, 1 December 1984, Pages 2943–2950, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1984.10866626 Published: 01 December 1984 Article history Received: 28 March 1984 Published: 01 December 1984
Highly Efficient and Selective Cross-Linking to Cytidine Based on a New Strategy for Auto-Activation within a Duplex (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTHighly Efficient and Selective Cross-Linking to Cytidine Based on a New Strategy for Auto-Activation within a DuplexFumi Nagatsugi, Takeshi Kawasaki, Daisaku Usui, Minoru Maeda, and Shigeki SasakiView Author Information Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 28, 6753–6754Publication Date (Web):July 3, 1999Publication History Received5 February 1999Published online3 July 1999Published inissue 1 July 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja990356ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja990356erapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views604Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Adducts,Functionalization,Nucleic acid structure,Nucleic acids,Reactivity Get e-Alerts
20-&#x03BC;m-pitch Au micro-bump interconnection at room temperature in ambient air (2008)

Surface activation bonding (SAB) method is proposed for bonding 20-μm-pitch Au micro-bumps at room temperature in ambient air. The effect of surface contamination, surface roughness and hardness on the bonding is investigated. The analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the thickness of carbon contaminants is around 2 nm and can removed by Ar plasma pretreatment. The contaminants are slightly increased after exposing the activated samples in ambient air within 30 min. Around 8-times increase in shear strength was observed after Ar plasma pretreatment prior to bonding. Images of the facture surfaces show the visible view of the influence of Ar plasma pretreatment on the bonding. Furthermore, larger shear strength was obtained by flattening the bump surfaces using a planarization technique. The necessary bonding pressure is reduced 50% by lowering the hardness of bumps though annealing. The annealed flattened 20-μm-pitch Au micro-bumps are successfully bonded together at room temperature under the bonding pressure of 220 MPa by the SAB method. 100 % bond yield is achieved, and the die shear strength is larger than 70 MPa.
Integrated Bayesian analysis of rare exonic variants to identify risk genes for schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders (2020)

BACKGROUND: Integrating rare variation from trio family and case-control studies has successfully implicated specific genes contributing to risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), developmental disorders (DDs), and epilepsy (EPI). For schizophrenia (SCZ), however, while sets of genes have been implicated through the study of rare variation, only two risk genes have been identified. METHODS: We used hierarchical Bayesian modeling of rare-variant genetic architecture to estimate mean effect sizes and risk-gene proportions, analyzing the largest available collection of whole exome sequence data for SCZ (1,077 trios, 6,699 cases, and 13,028 controls), and data for four NDDs (ASD, ID, DD, and EPI; total 10,792 trios, and 4,058 cases and controls). RESULTS: For SCZ, we estimate there are 1,551 risk genes. There are more risk genes and they have weaker effects than for NDDs. We provide power analyses to predict the number of risk-gene discoveries as more data become available. We confirm and augment prior risk gene and gene set enrichment results for SCZ and NDDs. In particular, we detected 98 new DD risk genes at FDR < 0.05. Correlations of risk-gene posterior probabilities are high across four NDDs (ρ>0.55), but low between SCZ and the NDDs (ρ<0.3). An in-depth analysis of 288 NDD genes shows there is highly significant protein-protein interaction (PPI) network connectivity, and functionally distinct PPI subnetworks based on pathway enrichment, single-cell RNA-seq cell types, and multi-region developmental brain RNA-seq. CONCLUSIONS: We have extended a pipeline used in ASD studies and applied it to infer rare genetic parameters for SCZ and four NDDs ( https://github.com/hoangtn/extTADA ). We find many new DD risk genes, supported by gene set enrichment and PPI network connectivity analyses. We find greater similarity among NDDs than between NDDs and SCZ. NDD gene subnetworks are implicated in postnatally expressed presynaptic and postsynaptic genes, and for transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation in prenatal neural progenitor and stem cells.