gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Scale System for Low Temperature Solid Waste Oxidation and Recovery of Water (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In February 2004 NASA released “The Vision for Space Exploration.” The goals outlined in this document include extending the human presence in the solar system, culminating in the exploration of Mars. A key requirement for this effort is to identify a safe and effective method to process waste. Methods currently under consideration include incineration, microbial oxidation, pyrolysis, drying, and compaction. Although each has advantages, no single method has yet been developed that is safe, recovers valuable resources including oxygen and water, and has low energy and space requirements. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop a low temperature oxidation process to convert waste cleanly and rapidly to carbon dioxide and water.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;TDA and NASA Ames Research Center have developed a pilot scale low temperature ozone oxidation system to convert organic waste to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O. The system not only extracts water from the waste, but it also recovers the water produced from the ozone oxidation of the solid waste that can be utilized by the crew. During treatment the system also disinfects any residue remaining in the reactor. Experiments were conducted with solid wastes to demonstrate the process at large scale, quantify system level performance and identify the parameters that will optimize system design to full scale. The waste loading scales with the reactor size and the oxidation rate primarily scales with the ozone flow and its utilization through the reactor. At present, the average waste oxidation rate of a fecal simulant is 10.5 g/h, which can be increased to 36 g/h by replacing the ozone generator with a higher output unit. These data, along with current waste generation rate models, indicate that all of the waste from a single crew member in one day can be processed in a vessel that is 9.5 liters (2.5 gallons) for long term missions.&lt;/div&gt;
Surface Resistivity Test Evaluation as an Indicator of the Chloride Permeability of Concrete (2012)

Many agencies have adopted the standard tests for electrical indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration (AASHTO T 277 and ASTM C1202), commonly known as the rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT), in their specifications for qualification and acceptance and as a means of indirectly assessing the permeability of concrete mixtures. Nevertheless, the RCPT is labor-intensive and costly and presents high variability. Research studies have shown that the surface resistivity (SR) test (AASHTO TP 95) is a promising alternative to the RCPT. Recently, some agencies have shown interest in replacing the RCPT with the SR test and have started implementation efforts. However, none of the studies have included high-volume fly ash (HVFA) mixtures or mixtures containing fly ash and fine limestone powder. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of the SR test with the widely used RCPT in evaluating concretes' ability to resist chloride penetration, including HVFA mixtures.
Swift/UVOT follow-up observation of the blue optical transient MASTER075353.88+174907.6 (2017)

On 2017 Oct 31 the MASTER-Net project detected a very blue optical transient MASTER075353.88+174907.6 (ATel #10915) that had increased by &gt; 4.4 mag in the blue band compared to its quiescent level as determined from observations taken as part of the Sloan survey.
Acoustic metamaterial absorbers based on multilayered sonic crystals (2015)

Through the use of a layered arrangement, it is shown that lossy sonic crystals can be arranged to create a structure with extreme acoustic properties, namely, an acoustic metamaterial. This artificial structure shows different effective fluids and absorptive properties in different orientations. Theoretical, numerical, and experimental results examining thermoviscous losses in sonic crystals are presented, enabling the fabrication and characterization of an acoustic metamaterial absorber with complex-valued anisotropic inertia. To accurately describe and fabricate such an acoustic metamaterial in a realizable experimental configuration, confining structures are needed which modify the effective properties, due to the thermal and viscous boundary layer effects within the sonic crystal lattice. Theoretical formulations are presented which describe the effects of these confined sonic crystals, both individually and as part of an acoustic metamaterial structure. Experimental demonstrations are also reported using an acoustic impedance tube. The formulations developed can be written with no unknown or empirical coefficients, due to the structured lattice of the sonic crystals and organized layering scheme; and it is shown that higher filling fraction arrangements can be used to provide a large enhancement in the loss factor.
Influences of the alteration in aortic pressure on regional myocardial function and regional myocardial blood flow in partial coronary artery occlusion. (1982)

This study was designed to simultaneously evaluate the effects of alterations in aortic pressure (AoP) on regional myocardial function and regional myocardial blood flow (MBF) in anesthetized dogs with partial coronary occlusion. Regional myocardial function was assessed by both segment-length and tension gauges. The left circumflex coronary artery flow was reduced to 50 to 70% by a constrictor. When systolic aortic pressure (AoPS) fell from 103.6 +/- 7.4 to 72.5 +/- 4.9 mmHg following nitroprusside infusion, systolic shortening (SS) markedly depressed from 0.63 +/- 0.17 to 0.09 +/- 0.20 mm (p less than 0.01), developed tension (DT) decreased by 30% (p less than 0.01), and MBF assessed with tracer microspheres decreased from 0.61 +/- 0.13 to 0.36 +/- 0.11 ml/min/Gm (p less than 0.01) in ischemic regions. In non-ischemic regions SS was enhanced from 0.78 +/- 0.16 to 0.89 +/- 0.15 mm (p less than 0.05), but DT and MBF showed no changes. An elevation of AoPS from 106.4 +/- 5.6 to 143.3 +/- 6.9 mmHg following methoxamine infusion brought about enhanced SS from 0.42 +/- 0.15 to 0.48 +/- 0.09 mm (p less than 0.05), a 50%-increase in DT (p less than 0.01), and was associated with an increase in MBF from 0.66 +/- 0.03 to 1.19 +/- 0.07 ml/min/Gm (p less than 0.01) in ischemic regions. These results indicate that, in partial coronary occlusion, a fall of AoP induces redistribution of blood flow away from ischemic regions and aggravates the function of the ischemic myocardium, while an elevation of AoP may produce beneficial effects upon the ischemic myocardium.
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinins H2, H5, H6, and H11 Are Not Targets of Pulmonary Surfactant Protein D: N -Glycan Subtypes in Host-Pathogen Interactions (2019)

Seasonal influenza carrying key hemagglutinin (HA) head region glycosylation sites can be removed from the lung by pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D). Little is known about HA head glycosylation of low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtypes. These can pose a pandemic threat through reassortment and emergence in human populations. Since the presence of head region high-mannose glycosites dictates SP-D activity, the ability to predict these glycosite glycan subtypes may be of value. Here, we investigate the activities of two recombinant human SP-D forms against representative LPAIV strains, including H2N1, H5N1, H6N1, H11N9, an avian H3N8, and a human seasonal H3N2 subtype. Using mass spectrometry, we determined the glycan subclasses and heterogeneities at each head glycosylation site. Sequence alignment and molecular structure analysis of the HAs were performed for LPAIV strains in comparison to seasonal H3N2 and avian H3N8. Intramolecular contacts were determined between the protein backbone and glycosite glycan based on available three-dimensional structure data. We found that glycosite "N165" (H3 numbering) is occupied by high-mannose glycans in H3 HA but by complex glycans in all LPAIV HAs. SP-D was not active on LPAIV but was on H3 HAs. Since SP-D affinity for influenza HA depends on the presence of high-mannose glycan on the head region, our data demonstrate that SP-D may not protect against virus containing these HA subtypes. Our results also demonstrate that glycan subtype can be predicted at some glycosites based on sequence comparisons and three-dimensional structural analysis.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtypes can reassort with circulating human strains and pandemic viruses can emerge in human populations, as was seen in the 1957 pandemic, in which an H2 virus reassorted with the circulating H1N1 to create a novel H2N2 genotype. Lung surfactant protein D (SP-D), a key factor in first-line innate immunity defense, removes influenza type A virus (IAV) through interaction with hemagglutinin (HA) head region high-mannose glycan(s). While it is known that both H1 and H3 HAs have one or more key high-mannose glycosites in the head region, little is known about similar glycosylation of LPAIV strains H2N1, H5N1, H6N1, or H11N9, which may pose future health risks. Here, we demonstrate that the hemagglutinins of LPAIV strains do not have the required high-mannose glycans and do not interact with SP-D, and that sequence analysis can predict glycan subtype, thus predicting the presence or absence of this virulence marker.
An Incremental Self-Labeling Strategy for Semi-Supervised Deep Learning Based on Generative Adversarial Networks (2020)

The recent success of deep neural networks is attributed in part to large-scale well-labeled training data. However, with the ever-increasing size of modern datasets, combined with the difficulty of obtaining label information, semi-supervised learning (SSL) has become one of the most remarkable issues in data analysis. In this paper, we propose an Incremental Self-Labeling strategy for SSL based on Generative Adversarial Nets (ISL-GAN), which functions by constantly assigning unlabeled data with virtual labels for promoting the training process. Specifically, during the virtual labeling process, we introduce a temporal-based self-labeling strategy for safe and stable data labeling. Then, to dynamically assign more virtual labels to data during the training, we conduct a phased incremental label screening and updating strategy. Finally, to balance the contribution of samples with different loss during the training process, we further introduce the Balance factor Term (BT). The experimental results show that the proposed method gives rise to state-of-the-art semi-supervised learning results for the MNIST, CIFAR-10, and SVHN datasets. Particularly, our model performs well with fewer labeled conditions. With a dataset of only 1,000 labeled CIFAR-10 images with CONV-Large Net, a test error of 11.2% can be achieved, and nearly the same performance with a 3.5% test error can be achieved with both 500 and 1,000 image-labeled SVHN datasets.
Galileo System Design & Performance (2006)

The EU/ESA Galileo Project system (Galileo) as specified is a very demanding Global Navigation Satellite System in terms of performance requirements on integrity, continuity, and availability. It has been shown by simulations that the performance of classical SBAS integrity concepts is unable to meet Galileo’s required global worst user location (WUL) unavailability figure of 0.5% for integrity and continuity. Applying the demanding requirements on Galileo services, a new integrity concept has been developed using a different overall approach and new derived requirements on the space segment, ground segment and user segment. The new integrity concept will be introduced and it will further be demonstrated how the new approach can be understood from and reconciled with a classical protection level point of view. The present paper starts with a short introduction of Galileo basics, and highlights the most demanding applicable system performance requirements that drive the overall Galileo architecture and design. A high-level concept and method description on how to assess Galileo’s end-to-end system performance provides the background to derive the currently achievable system performance by means of service volume simulations (SVS). Such results of key requirements on integrity, continuity, and availability are presented at the end of the paper. To compare these results with existing SBAS concepts, the Galileo SVS have also been run applying typical SBAS requirements and assumptions.
Fast neutron inelastic scattering from 7Li (2020)

The inelastic scattering of fast neutrons from 7 Li nuclei was investigated at the nELBE neutron-time-of-flight facility. The photon production cross section of 478 keV γ -rays from the first excited state of 7 Li was determined by irradiating a disc of LiF with neutrons of energies ranging from 100 keV to about 10 MeV. The target position was surounded by a setup of 7 LaBr 3 scintillation detectors and 7 high-purity germanium detectors to detect the de-excitation γ -rays. A 235 U fission chamber was used to determine the incoming neutron flux. The number of detected photons was corrected for the detection efficiency, multiple scattering and the time-of-flight dependent data acquisition dead time. The preliminary results show reasonable agreement with some previous measurments but are about 15 % below the recent data taken at the GELINA facility.
Genomic diversity of the genus Stenotrophomonas (1999)

The clinical and environmental importance of Stenotrophomonas bacteria requires thorough, molecular studies on their epidemiology and taxonomy. In order to obtain a complete genomic profile of this genus, over 100 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains from various origins were investigated by AFLP fingerprinting. A subset of these strains was analysed by DNA hybridization and 16S rDNA sequencing. In contrast to their high phenotypic homogeneity, the strains were found to be very heterogeneous genotypically by AFLP fingerprinting. Nevertheless, ten cores of highly similar strains representing ten genomic groups were observed. The same groups could be retrieved by DNA hybridizations and also, partly, by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The intergroup DNA similarities were too high to create confident species delineations, neither could the genomic groups be characterized by phenotypic features.
Mobile infornation processing incorporating location-based services (2005)

Mobile technology has been increasingly in demand and is widely used to allow people to be connected wirelessly without having to worry about the distance barrier. Location-dependent information services have becoming more critical in the world of mobile technology. Most commonly, a mobile user would like to gain useful information from the list of data wirelessly downloaded from a similar source but from different locations, making the downloaded contents slightly different in some cases or very different in other cases. There are always similarity and differences from data downloaded from a similar source. In this paper, we propose several techniques for processing location-dependent mobile queries, which are of particular in location-based service industries (e.g. tourism, entertainment, marketing, etc). We divide the proposed techniques into two main classifications: mobile device side processing (MDSP) and server side processing (SSP). Each of these proposed techniques comes in a number of variants. An implementation and performance evaluation are reported and critically analyzed. Our results show that in most situations, the second version of the server side processing (SSP2) appears to out perform the others.
Abnormal Behavior Detection in Crowded Scenes Using Density Heatmaps and Optical Flow (2018)

Crowd behavior analysis is an arduous task due to scale, light and crowd density variations. This paper aims to develop a new method that can precisely detect and classify abnormal behavior in dense crowds. A two-stream network is proposed that uses crowd density heat-maps and optical flow information to classify abnormal events. Work on this network has highlighted the lack of large scale relevant datasets due to the fact that dealing and annotating such kind of data is a highly time consuming and demanding task. Therefore, a new synthetic dataset has been created using the Grand Theft Auto V engine which offers highly detailed simulated crowd abnormal behaviors.
Improvement of the Automatic Endoscopic Reprocessor: Self-Cleaning Disinfecting Connectors Between Endoscope and Reprocessor (2003)

We conclude that the newly developed connector permits effective cleaning and disinfection by automatic reprocessors.
Complexation of Nonionic Polymers and Surfactants in Dilute Aqueous Solutions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplexation of Nonionic Polymers and Surfactants in Dilute Aqueous SolutionsY. J. Nikas and D. BlankschteinCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 10, 3512–3528Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00022a026https://doi.org/10.1021/la00022a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views753Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Functional subdivision of trunk visceral mesoderm parasegments inDrosophilais required for gut and trachea development (2003)

In Drosophila, trunk visceral mesoderm, a derivative of dorsal mesoderm, gives rise to circular visceral muscles. It has been demonstrated that the trunk visceral mesoderm parasegment is subdivided into at least two domains by connectin expression, which is regulated by Hedgehog and Wingless emanating from the ectoderm. We now extend these findings by examining a greater number of visceral mesodermal genes, including hedgehog and branchless. Each visceral mesodermal parasegment appears to be divided into five or six regions, based on differences in expression patterns of these genes. Ectodermal Hedgehog and Wingless differentially regulate the expression of these metameric targets in trunk visceral mesoderm. hedgehog expression in trunk visceral mesoderm is responsible for maintaining its own expression and con expression. hedgehog expressed in visceral mesoderm parasegment 3 may also be required for normal decapentaplegic expression in this region and normal gastric caecum development. branchless expressed in each trunk visceral mesodermal parasegment serves as a guide for the initial budding of tracheal visceral branches. The metameric pattern of trunk visceral mesoderm, organized in response to ectodermal instructive signals, is thus maintained at a later time via autoregulation, is required for midgut morphogenesis and exerts feedback effect on trachea, ectodermal derivatives.
A Linear Response Theory Approach to Time-Resolved Fluorimetry (1980)

A new conceptual and instrumental approach to time-resolved chemical measurements is presented. Based on the concepts of information and linear response theory, the new approach is applicable to a number of different areas, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, high-speed kinetic measurements, gas chromatographic analysis, and time-resolved luminescence spectrometry. In the particular examples given, the new approach is applied to the determination of luminescence lifetime. Accuracy and simplicity of the method are emphasized and its application to chemical analysis discussed.
Temperature Distribution Assessment in Gas–Solid Reactive and Nonreactive Systems Heated by Microwaves (2023)

Research studies have shown that selective heating of different phases in gas–solid systems exposed to microwave (MW) irradiation leads to a temperature gradient between gas and MW absorber solids. This can suppress undesired secondary gas-phase reactions and yield apparent kinetic improvements and energy savings. However, the effects of reaction exothermicity/endothermicity, gas velocity, temperature probe location at the microscale, and MW penetration depth in fixed beds on the temperature difference between solid and gas phases exposed to MWs and temperature distribution in the fixed beds are poorly understood. Highlighting these effects was targeted in this study and accomplished with the help of multiphysics simulations by COMSOL Multiphysics (5.6). The corresponding COMSOL model was initially verified and validated by data collected from literature studies and those obtained experimentally by the authors in this study. Simulation results from the verified and validated model indicated that the temperature gradient between the gas and the MW absorber solid increases by increasing the gas velocity or switching from an endothermic reaction to no reaction and/or an exothermic reaction. In addition, the collected results show nonuniform temperature distribution in a fixed-bed reactor made of MW absorber particles irradiated by MWs due to the limited penetration depth of MWs and hotspot formation. This operational deficiency makes the large-scale design of this type of reactor very challenging for MW heating-assisted reactions.
A Low Power Block-Matching Analog Motion Estimation Processor (2005)

This paper presents an analog motion estimation processor utilizing the full-search block-matching algorithm for portable video applications. The system features digital I/O and a low power, area efficient analog computation core. The proof-of-concept processor was fabricated in 0.8/spl mu/m CMOS occupying 0.63 mm/sup 2/, and operates on 4-by-4 pixel blocks and a search window of 8-by-8 pixels. Its architecture is however readily scalable to larger pixel blocks and more advanced technologies. Measured results for QCIF video sequences show excellent PSNR performance. A comparison with all-digital equivalents is presented, showing the superiority of the analog approach in all relevant metrics.