gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping the planet’s critical natural assets (2022)

Abstract Sustaining the organisms, ecosystems, and processes that underpin human well-being is necessary to achieve sustainable development. Here we identify critical natural assets, natural and semi-natural ecosystems that provide 90% of the total current magnitude of 14 types of nature’s contributions to people (NCP). Critical natural assets for maintaining local-scale NCP (12 of the 14 NCP mapped) comprise 30% of total global land area and 24% of national territorial waters, while 44% of land area is required for maintaining all NCP (including those that accrue at the global scale, carbon storage and moisture recycling). At least 87% of the world’s population lives in the areas benefiting from critical natural assets for local-scale NCP, while only 16% lives on the lands containing these assets. Critical natural assets also overlap substantially with areas important for biodiversity (covering area requirements for 73% of birds and 66% of mammals) and cultural diversity (representing 96% of global Indigenous and non-migrant languages). Many of the NCP mapped here are left out of international agreements focused on conserving species or mitigating climate change, yet this analysis shows that explicitly prioritizing critical natural assets for NCP could simultaneously advance development, climate, and conservation goals. Crafting policy and investment strategies that protect critical natural assets is essential for sustaining human well-being and securing Earth’s life support systems.
Effect of Caspofungin on Metabolite Profiles of Aspergillus Species Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (2007)

Invasive aspergillosis remains a potentially life-threatening infection, the incidence of which is increasing. Current methods used to determine the susceptibilities of Aspergillus strains to antifungal drugs are often unreliable. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can identify the metabolic complement of microorganisms while monitoring nutrient utilization from the incubation medium. We used 600-MHz (1)H NMR spectroscopy to monitor the metabolic responses of five Aspergillus species cultured in RPMI 1640-2% glucose-morpholinepropanesulfonate buffer to various concentrations of the antifungal drugs amphotericin B (AMB) and caspofungin. The metabolic endpoint (MEP) was determined from nutrient and metabolite resonances, measured as a function of the drug concentration, and was defined as a > or =50% reduction in nutrient consumption or metabolite production. MICs were evaluated by a modification of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method M27-A, and minimal effective concentrations (MECs) were determined by microscopic examination of fungal hyphae. For AMB, the MEPs coincided with the MICs. For caspofungin, the MEPs agreed with the MECs for several Aspergillus strains, but the effect of drug pressure was more complex for others. Expansion of the MEP definition to include any significant changes in metabolite production resulted in agreement with the MEC in most cases. Paradoxical metabolic responses were observed for several Aspergillus strains at either high or low caspofungin concentrations and for one Aspergillus terreus strain with AMB. NMR spectroscopy proved to be a powerful tool for detecting the subtle effects of drug pressure on fungal metabolism and has the potential to provide an alternative method for determining the susceptibilities of Aspergillus species to antifungal drugs.
The diagnosis of equine insulin dysregulation (2017)

Insulin dysregulation is the hallmark of equine metabolic syndrome and has received attention because of its direct association with laminitis. In the absence of an adequate treatment for laminitis, a focus on prophylaxis is needed, making early detection of individuals at risk of developing laminitis one of the main challenges in equine endocrinology. Recent studies have shown that insulin dysregulation goes beyond tissue insulin resistance and it is now demonstrated that the equine enteroinsular axis plays a major role in insulin secretion and equine hyperinsulinaemia. In this review, we discuss the different tests currently available to diagnose insulin dysregulation in horses: the ones investigating tissue insulin resistance and those investigating the enteroinsular axis, detailing their goals, practicalities and limitations. This review supports the contention that the diagnosis of equine insulin dysregulation should now be based on the investigation of both tissue insulin resistance and the equine enteroinsular axis. Regardless of the tests used many factors of variation, such as breed, diet, fasting state or season, have been identified and could potentially confound the results of a specific test. Therefore, careful interpretation of the results of a given test in each individual situation is required to optimise the detection of horses at risk of laminitis.
Optimization of Spectrum Allocation and Subsidization in Mobile Communication Services (2013)

Mobile traffic explosion causes spectrum shortage and polarization of data usage among users, which will eventually decrease user welfare in mobile communication services. Governments around the world are planning to make more spectrum available for mobile broadband use, and the key policy issue is to find an efficient spectrum allocation method that will improve user welfare. In this paper, we propose a data subsidy scheme where the regulator offers a spectrum price discount to mobile network operators (MNOs) in return for imposing the responsibility of providing a predefined data amount to users free of charge. To analyze the subsidy effect, we adopt the two-stage approach of Cournot and Bertrand competition, and find a Nash equilibrium of the competition. An interesting observation is that the increase in user welfare does not involve MNO profit loss and the increasing amount is higher than the regulator's expenses for implementing the data subsidy scheme. The most of the paper is for the duopoly competition, which is extended to the general case, finally.
17.2 A 66fsrmsJitter 12.8-to-15.2GHz Fractional-N Bang-Bang PLL with Digital Frequency-Error Recovery for Fast Locking (2020)

The substantial increase in mobile data-rates, enabled by the 5G standard, calls for significantly lower integrated jitter of the local oscillator with respect to previous generations, with requirements below 90fs rms for millimeter-wave frequency bands [1]. To satisfy such stringent requirements, while at the same time guaranteeing fast lock, analog PLLs have been preferred over digital implementations in recent literature [1], [2]. Digital bang-bang PLLs, on the other hand, consume less power and occupy smaller footprint due to the absence of analog loop filters. Digital bang-bang PLLs, however, generally suffer from poor locking performance, which is due to the bang-bang phase detector (BBPD) overloading in presence of large frequency errors, and from increased jitter due to quantization. To improve locking, [3] relies on additional frequency-locking loops (FLLs) to bypass the BBPD when overloaded, at the cost of additional design complexity and power. To improve on quantization noise, [4] proposes a digital PLL based on an enhanced-resolution time-to-digital converter (TDC). However, locking performances were not addressed, and its operation was limited to the integer-N mode. Achieving low-jitter in a fractional-N PLL poses an extra challenge, because of the random jitter introduced by the digital-to-time converter (DTC) and the spectrum folding of the DTC quantization noise arising from its non-linearity and memory effects [1].
Ensayo de arcillas modificadas con materia orgánica soluble para la eliminación de Cu y Zn (2015)

La contaminación por metales pesados es un tema de gran preocupación. Entre las diversas actividades que contribuyen a aumentar la presencia de metales pesados en el medio ambiente, se encuentra la agricultura. Por ejemplo, el uso de fertilizantes de tipo fosforados y algunos fungicidas incrementan la aparición Cu y Zn en aguas de zonas agrícolas e incluso residuales de la industria agroalimentaria. La eliminación de metales pesados mediante el uso de minerales de la arcilla tipo montmorillonita ha sido objeto de numerosos trabajos (Barbier et al., 2000) dada su alta capacidad de adsorción principalmente asociada a su capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC), fácil accesibilidad de su interlámina y a la presencia de grupos hidroxilos de los bordes de ruptura de la capa octaédrica.
Absolute Pressure Transducer for Turbo Applications (1982)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes a piezoresistive, absolute pressure transducer. It is designed to meet the stringent requirements of intake manifold pressure measurement on turbocharged engines. Pressure media containing gasoline, oil or water have virtually no effect on the transducer's performance.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the past, the demand for a sealed, vacuum reference has required using the active (electrically connected) side of the silicon chip as the pressure interface. To allow other than clean, dry air as a pressure medium, protective coatings or liquid isolation have frequently been used. But their use often requires performance tradeoffs.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;No isolation or coating is required with the design described in this paper. Instead, the active chip side is evacuated, exposing only the passive side to the pressure media. This effectively eliminates the need for tradeoffs in achieving media compatibility.&lt;/div&gt;
Mathematically modeling the removal of heavy metals from a wastewater using immobilized biomass (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMathematically modeling the removal of heavy metals from a wastewater using immobilized biomassEdward M. Trujillo, Thomas H. Jeffers, Chris Ferguson, and H. Quinn StevensonCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 9, 1559–1565Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00021a005https://doi.org/10.1021/es00021a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views506Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Argatroban therapy in pediatric patients requiring nonheparin anticoagulation: An open‐label, safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic study (2010)

In pediatric patients requiring nonheparin anticoagulation, argatroban rapidly provides adequate levels of anticoagulation and is generally well tolerated. For continuous anticoagulation, argatroban 0.75 µg/kg/min (0.2 µg/kg/min in hepatic impairment), adjusted to achieve therapeutic aPTTs, is recommended.
Fast algorithms for low-level vision (1990)

A recursive filtering structure is proposed that drastically reduces the computational effort required for smoothing, performing the first and second directional derivatives, and carrying out the Laplacian of an image. These operations are done with a fixed number of multiplications and additions per output point independently of the size of the neighborhood considered. The key to the approach is, first, the use of an exponentially based filter family and, second, the use of the recursive filtering. Applications to edge detection problems and multiresolution techniques are considered, and an edge detector allowing the extraction of zero-crossings of an image with only 14 operations per output element at any resolution is proposed. Various experimental results are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High-resolution imaging of mouse anatomy with a multi-purpose optoacoustic tomography system. (2011)

Optoacoustic imaging can noninvasively provide visualization of vasculature structures with optical contrast well below the skin surface. For meaningful biological investigations, high-resolution at mesoscopic penetration depths and therefore thorough adaption of the systematic arrangement to the object of interest is required. A suitable modular optoacoustic tomography system is presented here and its performance is demonstrated in three exemplary studies on imaging agar phantoms, mouse head vasculature and mouse tumor vasculature ex-vivo.
MON-091 Profound and Sustained Weight Loss in Men With Hypogonadism and Obesity Receiving Long-Term Testosterone Therapy (TTh) with Testosterone Undecanoate Injections (TU): 10-Year Data from a Registry Study in a Urological Setting (2019)

Background: Weight loss in obese subjects is notoriously difficult to achieve through lifestyle interventions, and even harder to maintain long-term. Testosterone therapy has shown promising results in long-term but not short-term studies. Material and Methods: In an observational registry study of 805 men with hypogonadism in a urological office, 462 (57.4%) were obese. 273 received TTh with TU 1000 mg/12 weeks (T-group) while 189 opted against TTh and served as controls (CTRL). Measurements were performed 1-4 times a year. 10-year data are reported. Changes over time between groups were compared by mixed effects model for repeated measures with random effect for intercept and fixed effects for time, group and their interaction, and adjusted for age, weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood pressure and lipids to account for baseline differences between groups. Results: Baseline age: 59.8±6.1 (T-group), 63.5±5 years (CTRL). Mean (median) follow-up: 8 (9) years (T-group) and 7.5 (8) years (CTRL). Total observation time: 3588 patient-years. Weight progressively decreased by 22.9±0.3 kg (p<0.0001) (T-group) and increased by 3.2±0.5 kg (p<0.0001) in CTRL, estimated adjusted difference between groups: 26.1 kg (p<0.0001). Waist circumference declined by 12.5±0.2 cm (p<0.0001) (T-group) and increased by 4.6±0.4 cm (p<0.0001) in CTRL, difference between groups: 17.1 cm (p<0.0001). BMI decreased by 7.3±0.1 kg/m2 (p<0.0001) (T-group) and increased by 0.9±0.2 kg/m2 (p<0.0001) in CTRL, difference between groups: 8.2 kg/m2 (p<0.0001). Per cent weight loss was 20.3±0.3% (p<0.0001) in the T-group, per cent weight gain 3.9±0.4% (p<0.0001) in CTRL, difference between groups: 24.3% (p<0.0001). Waist-to-height ratio decreased by 0.07±0.001 (p<0.0001) (T-group) and increased by 0.03±0.002 (p<0.05) in CTRL, difference between groups: 0.1 (p<0.0001). Adverse events: During the entire observation time, there were 12 deaths (4.4%) in the T-group. In CTRL, there were 57 deaths (30.2%), 47 MIs (24.9%) and 44 strokes (23.3%). Medication adherence in the T-group was 100 per cent as all TU-injections were performed in the office and documented. Conclusion: Long-term TTh in men with hypogonadism and obesity resulted in profound and sustained improvements in anthropometric parameters, as well as reduction of mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events. As recommended by the AACE/ACE 2016 obesity guidelines, testosterone should be measured in obese men and testosterone treatment offered if indicated.
The Efficacy of Laser Zona Thinning on the Outcomes of Vitrified Human Embryo Transfers is Related to Fertilization Method and Not Vitrification Per Se. (2019)

The efficacy of LZT treatment is related to the fertilization method rather than vitrification. LZT treatment for zona hardening of the vitrified embryos fertilized with ICSI leads to a lower pregnancy rate and live birth rate.
Transgenic Neuronal Expression of Proopiomelanocortin Attenuates Hyperphagic Response to Fasting and Reverses Metabolic Impairments in Leptin-Deficient Obese Mice (2003)

Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression is reduced in many forms of obesity and diabetes, particularly in those attributable to deficiencies in leptin or its receptor. To assess the functional significance of POMC in mediating metabolic phenotypes associated with leptin deficiency, leptin-deficient mice bearing a transgene expressing the POMC gene under control of the neuron-specific enolase promoter were produced. The POMC transgene attenuated fasting-induced hyperphagia in wild-type mice. Furthermore, the POMC transgene partially reversed obesity, hyperphagia, and hypothermia and effectively normalized hyperglycemia, glucosuria, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance in leptin-deficient mice. Effects of the POMC transgene on glucose homeostasis were independent of the partial correction of hyperphagia and obesity. Furthermore, the POMC transgene normalized the profile of hepatic and adipose gene expression associated with gluconeogenesis, glucose output, and insulin sensitivity. These results indicate that central POMC is a key modulator of glucose homeostasis and that agonists of POMC products may provide effective therapy in treating impairments in glucose homeostasis when hypothalamic POMC expression is reduced, as occurs with leptin deficiency, hypothalamic damage, and aging.
Bacterial collagen‐binding domain targets undertwisted regions of collagen (2012)

Clostridium histolyticum collagenase causes extensive degradation of collagen in connective tissue that results in gas gangrene. The C-terminal collagen-binding domain (CBD) of these enzymes is the minimal segment required to bind to a collagen fibril. CBD binds unidirectionally to the undertwisted C-terminus of triple helical collagen. Here, we examine whether CBD could also target undertwisted regions even in the middle of the triple helix. Collageneous peptides with an additional undertwisted region were synthesized by introducing a Gly → Ala substitution [(POG)(x) POA(POG)(y)]₃, where x + y = 9 and x > 3). ¹H-¹⁵N heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC NMR) titration studies with ¹⁵N-labeled CBD demonstrated that the minicollagen binds to a 10 Å wide 25 Å long cleft. Six collagenous peptides each labeled with a nitroxide radical were then titrated with ¹⁵N-labeled CBD. CBD binds to either the Gly → Ala substitution site or to the C-terminus of each minicollagen. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements revealed that CBD prefers to bind the Gly → Ala site to the C-terminus. The HSQC NMR spectra of ¹⁵N-labeled minicollagen and minicollagen with undertwisted regions were unaffected by the titration of unlabeled CBD. The results imply that CBD binds to the undertwisted region of the minicollagen but does not actively unwind the triple helix.
Formation of uniform nitrogen-doped C/Ni/TiO2hollow spindles toward long cycle life lithium-ion batteries (2016)

Nitrogen-doped C/Ni/TiO<sub>2</sub>hollow spindles have been successfully constructed for long cycle life lithium-ion batteries.
Long-Range Charge Extraction in Back-Contact Perovskite Architectures via Suppressed Recombination (2019)

Metal-halide perovskites are promising solution-processable semiconductors for efficient solar cells with unexpectedly high diffusion ranges of photogenerated charges. Here, we study charge extraction and recombination in metal-halide perovskite back-contact devices, which provide a powerful experimental platform to resolve electron- or hole-only transport phenomena. We prepare polycrystalline films of perovskite semiconductors over laterally separated electron- and hole-selective materials of SnO2 and NiOx. Upon illumination, electrons (holes) generated over SnO2 (NiOx) rapidly transfer to the buried collection electrode, leaving holes (electrons) to diffuse laterally as majority carriers in the perovskite layer. Under these conditions, we find recombination is strongly suppressed. Resulting surface recombination velocities are below 2 cm s−1, approaching values of high-quality silicon. We find diffusion lengths exceed 12 μm, an order of magnitude higher than reported in vertically stacked architectures. We fabricate back-contact solar cells with short-circuit currents as high as 18.4 mA cm−2, reaching 70% external quantum efficiency.
Laparoscopic Renal Surgery in Patients at High Risk for Intra-Abdominal or Retroperitoneal Scarring (1998)

Prior open abdominal or renal surgery has been considered a relative contraindication to laparoscopic surgery because of the likelihood of adhesion formation and perinephric scarring, which results in difficulty obtaining access to the peritoneal cavity and during surgical dissection. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and morbidity of laparoscopic renal surgery in patients at high risk for intra-abdominal or retroperitoneal scarring. Twenty-four patients who underwent laparoscopic renal surgery at our institution gave a history of significant open abdominal or renal surgery. Seven patients had undergone prior open extraperitoneal (N = 6) or percutaneous (N = 1) renal procedures, 10 patients had undergone prior open laparotomy for various reasons, and 7 patients had undergone open pelvic surgery. The mean interval from the prior operation to laparoscopic renal surgery was 16.5 years (range 0.3-44 years). Operative time, estimated blood loss, incidence of complications, perioperative parenteral narcotic use, length of hospitalization convalescence, and degree of intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal scarring were assessed. Patients who developed complications were compared with patients who did not. No difficulty was encountered while obtaining initial access to the peritoneal cavity or retroperitoneal space. No bowel or visceral injuries occurred during Veress needle or trocar placement. The laparoscopic procedure was completed successfully in all cases. The mean operative time was 4.3 (range 2.0-10.9) hours. The mean estimated blood loss was 266 mL (range 50-1200 mL). There were eight complications (overall complication 33%) including three major and five minor complications. Patients who developed complications had a higher total scarring score that those who did not (p = 0.01). For experienced laparoscopic surgeons, laparoscopic renal surgery in patients who have a history of open abdominal or renal surgery can be successful. Access via the transperitoneal or retroperitoneal route can be obtained safely, and the procedure usually can be performed in a timely fashion. However, a relatively high perioperative complication rate can be expected, particularly for those patients with significant intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal scarring.