gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A human embryonic lung fibroblast with a high density of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (1988)

Binding studies with the radiolabeled muscarinic antagonists dexetimide, quinuclidinyl benzilate and N-methylscopolamine showed that the human embryonic lung fibroblast CCL137 possesses approximately 2 X 10(5) muscarinic receptors/cell, i.e. 2.1 pmol/mg membrane protein. These receptors showed a marked stereoselectivity towards dexetimide and levetimide and only low affinity for another antagonist, pirenzepine. The muscarinic agonist carbamylcholine inhibited forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase and induced phosphatidylinositide turnover in the intact cells. Both effects were inhibited by the muscarinic antagonist atropine. Affinity labeling with tritiated propylbenzylcholine mustard revealed a protein of 72 kDa. Finally, down-regulation of the membrane receptors following prolonged treatment with the agonist carbamylcholine was assessed by means of the hydrophilic antagonist N-methylscopolamine.
Comparison of the multi-gate functionality of screen-grid field effect transistors with finFETs (2008)

Two-dimensional (2D) technology computer-aided design (TCAD) is used to analyze and compare the multi-gate digital performance of the screen-grid field effect transistor (SGrFET) with a finFET. The switching speed of the all-n-type inverter is ten times faster for the n-SGrFET than for the n-finFET, while the noise margins are ∼400 mV for a 1 V supply for both devices. The performance of the complementary inverter is similar for both devices. The multi-gate functionality of both devices is exploited to minimize the device count for NAND, NOR and XOR gates. The SGrFET XOR contains only two devices while three are needed for the finFET. The rise time of the SGrFET logic gates is found to be almost half of that of the finFET. Complete OFF states can be obtained for the SGrFET via the multiple unit cell approach.
Ultra-low dose immunization and multi-component vaccination strategies enhance protection against malaria in mice (2021)

An effective vaccine would be a valuable tool for malaria control and elimination; however, the leading malaria vaccine in development, RTS,S/AS01, provided only partial protection in a Phase 3 trial. R21 is a next-generation RTS,S-like vaccine. We have previously shown in mice that R21 administered in Matrix-M is highly immunogenic, able to elicit complete protection against sporozoite challenge, and can be successfully administered with TRAP based viral-vectors resulting in enhanced protection. In this study, we developed a novel, GMP-compatible purification process for R21, and evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of ultra-low doses of both R21 and RTS,S when formulated in AS01. We demonstrated that both vaccines are highly immunogenic and also elicit comparable high levels of protection against transgenic parasites in BALB/c mice. By lowering the vaccine dose there was a trend for increased immunogenicity and sterile protection, with the highest dose vaccine groups achieving the lowest efficacy (50% sterile protection). We also evaluated the ability to combine RTS,S/AS01 with TRAP based viral-vectors and observed concurrent induction of immune responses to both antigens with minimal interference when mixing the vaccines prior to administration. These studies suggest that R21 or RTS,S could be combined with viral-vectors for a multi-component vaccination approach and indicate that low dose vaccination should be fully explored in humans to maximize potential efficacy.
Effects of Nanoparticle Enhanced Lubricant Films in Thermal Design of Plain Journal Bearings at High Reynolds Numbers (2019)

Performance investigation of oil journal bearings is of particular importance given the growing use of them as a support for rotary components in a wide range of industrial machines. Frictional forces and shear stresses, which are proportionate to the velocity of lubricating layers at different points in the bearing space, provide the basis for changing temperature conditions. Various factors such as rotational velocity increase, slip width reduction, and small heat transfer coefficient of lubricant cause intensification of lubricant temperature changes. In the present study, with using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) thermohydrodynamic (THD) numerical simulations, the effect of nanoparticles on the performance features of plain journal bearings is evaluated. Particularly, 3D simulation of a journal bearing is implemented using CFD which considerably improves the accuracy of results, coupled with conjugate heat transfer model for metal parts of bearings. Reynolds equation model is used to calculate the oil-film pressure developed in hydrodynamic journal bearings by applying the nano-based lubricants. The configuration of thrust bearing consists of six pads in this study. In order to reduce the modeling complexity and computational cost and because of the symmetrical geometry of the pads, simulation of a single pad is considered instead of the entire domain. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticle with different volume fraction percentages are used. The parameters that are changed to evaluate the performance of the bearing include volume fraction percentage of the nanoparticle, type of lubricant, and rotational speed. Based on the results, for all different lubricant types, the dissipation power, average shear stress, and temperature rise are increased with augmenting the rotational speed. By increasing the rotational speed from 500 to 1500 rpm, the average shear stress increases by more than 100%, 120%, and 130% for DTE 26, DTE 25, and DTE 24 lubricant types, respectively. Moreover, by increasing the rotational speed from 500 to 1500 rpm, the dissipation power, and temperature rise are increased around 600% and 800%, respectively. Furthermore, increasing nanoparticles volume fraction from 0% to 10%, increases all parameters by approximately 10% for all lubricant types and in all rotational speeds.
Electron spin resonance study of the 1 : 1 hydrogen-bonded complex of di-t-butylnitroxide with methanol. An analysis of an acceptor : self-associated donor equilibrium (1977)

The formation constant Kf for the 1:1 complex of di-t-butylnitroxide with methanol has been determined over the temperature range –23°C to + 65°C by measuring the variation of aN with methanol concentration. The solvent was carbon tetrachloride. The Newton–Raphson (N.R.) method was used in treating the results. Proper account was taken of the self-associated nature of the methanol. With suitable modifications the analysis should be applicable to other spectroscopic techniques used to study complex formation between two species, one of which is self-associated. Evidence has been obtained which favours the existence of linear rather than cyclic tetramers of methanol in equilibrium with monomers. The enthalpy of formation of the hydrogen-bonded complex was low, namely –6.7 ± 1.8 kJ mol–1. The temperature coefficients of aN in the free and complexed nitroxide are of opposite sign. For the complex, this is shown to be the consequence of proton hopping in an asymmetric double-minimum potential with an energy difference between the minima of 9.4 ± 0.8 kJ mol–1.
哺乳類小動物を用いた宇宙生物学実験: Working Group 2010年度報告 (2011)

To discuss the necessity of space studies in mammal and to seek opportunities of the joint space missions for the animal experiments, we have organized the group for rodent studies with the joint members, which consist of the investigators familiar with the space experiment, in several working groups. We collaborated in the ground-based research using mice and held the joint meetings in 2010. These mice experiment was based on the tissue sharing program in space-utilizing experiment using the mouse drawer system organized by Italian Space Agency (2009), the key person is Dr. Ohira Y and colleagues, and he worked actively among the scientists in Japan and foreign country to maintain the scientific researches and the international collaboration without adequate government supports. From these activities, we cannot persuade ourselves that Japan Space Agency is in earnest for space utilization researches using rodents in the international space station (ISS), and it is thought that we will see to its opportunity ourselves ISS and/or small payload. However, we must require continuously JAXA to organize the project of rodent module in ISS, even if there are no chances to house the mice and rats in outer space. Other key rodent experiment is the investigation under less gravity environment such as the surface of Moon and Mars (Kumei Y). The human will arrive at Mars before next century, thus we also consider the conditions in mammal under the less gravity and more long-term stay in outer space including travel. At the present time, the crews on orbit of ISS are performing the many researches about space medicine in their bodies, and these investigations will produce the important knowledge regarding an exposure to long-duration microgravity and specific environments of the module in the near future. Probably, the new questions will be understood by these results, and the rodents investigations based on the human studies should be needed. Thus, we should perform continuously the ground-based experiments using rodents to lead young scientists interested in the space life science and medicine for next decade.
Vertical and temporal distribution of chytrids infecting diatoms in the Gulf of Naples (Italy, Mediterranean Sea) (2022)

Abstract The presence of phytoplankton parasites along the water column was explored at the Long‐Term Ecological Station MareChiara (LTER‐MC) in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea) in October 2019. Microscopy analyses showed diatoms dominating the phytoplankton community in the upper layers (0–20 m). Metabarcoding data from the water column showed the presence of Chytridiomycota predominantly in the upper layers coinciding with the vertical distribution of diatoms. Laboratory incubations of natural samples enriched with different diatom cultures confirmed parasitic interactions of some of those chytrids—including members of Kappamyces —with diatom taxa. The temporal dynamics of diatoms and chytrids was also explored in a 3‐year metabarcoding time‐series (2011–2013) from surface waters of the study area and in sediment samples. Chytrids were recurrently present at low relative abundances, and some taxa found to infect diatoms in the incubation experiments were also identified in the ASV time‐series. However, co‐occurrence analyses did not show any clear or recurrent pairing patterns for chytrid and diatom taxa along the 3 years. The chytrid community in the sediments showed a clearly different species composition compared with that recorded in the water column samples, with higher diversity and relative abundance. The combination of observations, incubations, and metabarcoding confirmed that parasites are a common component of marine protist communities at LTER‐MC. Host–parasite interactions must be determined and quantified to understand their role and the impact they have on phytoplankton dynamics.
Flow and Heat Transfer in Heat Recovery Steam Generators (2007)

Computational simulations of flow and heat transfer in heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) of vertical- and horizontal-tube designs are reported. The main objective of the work was to obtain simple modifications of their internal configuration that render the flow of combustion gas more spatially uniform. The computational method was validated by comparing some of the simulation results for a scaled-down laboratory model with experimental measurements in the same. Simulations were then carried out for two plant HRSGs—without and with the proposed modifications. The results show significantly more uniform combustion gas flow in the modified configurations. Heat transfer calculations were performed for one superheater section of the vertical-tube HRSG to determine the effect of the configuration modification on heat transfer from the combustion gas to the steam flowing in the superheater tubes.
Modelling and control of a Series Static Synchronous Compensator using low-frequency, fixed-modulation index techniques (2014)

This paper presents the modelling and control design of a converter used in a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) application, employing low frequency, fixed modulation index strategies. In those, the magnitude of the output waveform is directly related to the dc-bus level by a fixed relation. Consequently, the dc-bus has to be varied to obtain the desired output voltage. A large signal model for the converter is derived in the paper, subsequently linearized to obtain a small signal model, which was used to propose a control strategy. The theory is then validated experimentally on a novel Voltage Sourced Converter (VSC) configuration. A 200 kVA small-scale SSSC test bench, connected to an emulated transmission line was built for this purpose. This configuration has been used for the first time in a 47 MVAR demonstrator built for the Spanish transmission grid.
FUS3 phosphorylates multiple components of the mating signal transduction cascade: evidence for STE12 and FAR1. (1993)

The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase homologue FUS3 mediates both transcription and G1 arrest in a pheromone-induced signal transduction cascade in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We report an in vitro kinase assay for FUS3 and its use in identifying candidate substrates. The assay requires catalytically active FUS3 and pheromone induction. STE7, a MAP kinase kinase homologue, is needed for maximal activity. At least seven proteins that specifically associate with FUS3 are phosphorylated in the assay. Many of these substrates are physiologically relevant and are affected by in vivo levels of numerous signal transduction components. One substrate is likely to be the transcription factor STE12. A second is likely to be FAR1, a protein required for G1 arrest. FAR1 was isolated as a multicopy suppressor of a nonarresting fus3 mutant and interacts with FUS3 in a two hybrid system. Consistent with this FAR1 is a good substrate in vitro and generates a FUS3-associated substrate of expected size. These data support a model in which FUS3 mediates transcription and G1 arrest by direct activation of STE12 and FAR1 and phosphorylates many other proteins involved in the response to pheromone.
An Improved Phase-Shifted PWM for a Five-Level Hybrid-Clamped Converter With Optimized THD (2019)

Five-level hybrid-clamped converter is a newly proposed topology, which is suitable for medium-voltage high-power conversions without switches directly connected in series. Phase shifted pulsewidth modulation (PWM) or (PSPWM) is commonly used to control this converter. However, the line voltages of PSPWM include many zones in which the synthetic voltage jumps two voltage levels continuously, which will deteriorate the harmonic performance and increase the current ripples. This article presents an improved PSPWM method for the hybrid five-level converter, which can imitate the effect of phase disposition PWM and improve the quality of the line voltage and current. A decoupled capacitor voltage balancing control is also implemented based on this modulation method. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of this method.
A 300 mV, low power VCO with the central Frequency of 4.89 GHz in 22 nm FDSOI (2019)

A test circuit is presented which generates a frequency spectrum from 4.28 GHz to 5.5 GHz with the tuning percentage of 24.9%. The blocks presented in this paper consists of a Voltage controlled oscillator VCO, interfaced with differential divide by 2, a 2:1 Multiplexer and an output Buffer. All the sub-blocks are designed in 22-nm fully depleted Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) CMOS technology. In this paper, the architectural design details, simulation and measurement results are presented. The VCO-core operates at the minimum supply voltage of 300 mV, with back-gate-bias voltage of 500 mV and consumes 0.48 mW power. The divided-signal exhibits phase noise performance of -114 dBc/Hz @ 1MHz offset when measured at the central frequency of 5.3 GHz FoMT of -192.7 dBc/Hz.
Decision-making processes following damage to the prefrontal cortex (2002)

Recent work has suggested an association between the orbitofrontal cortex in humans and practical decision making. The aim of this study was to investigate the profile of cognitive deficits, with particular emphasis on decision-making processes, following damage to different sectors of the human prefrontal cortex. Patients with discrete orbitofrontal (OBF) lesions, dorsolateral (DL) lesions, dorsomedial (DM) lesions and large frontal lesions (Large) were compared with matched controls on three different decision-making tasks: the Iowa Gambling Task and two recently developed tasks that attempt to fractionate some of the cognitive components of the Iowa task. A comprehensive battery including the assessment of recognition memory, working memory, planning ability and attentional set-shifting was also administered. Whilst combined frontal patients were impaired on several of the tasks employed, distinct profiles emerged for each patient group. In contrast to previous data, patients with focal OBF lesions performed at control levels on the three decision-making tasks (and the executive tasks), but showed some evidence of prolonged deliberation. DL patients showed pronounced impairment on working memory, planning, attentional shifting and the Iowa Gambling Task. DM patients were impaired at the Iowa Gambling Task and also at planning. The Large group displayed diffuse impairment, but were the only group to exhibit risky decision making. Methodological differences from previous studies of OBF patient groups are discussed, with particular attention to lesion laterality, lesion size and psychiatric presentation. Ventral and dorsal aspects of prefrontal cortex must interact in the maintenance of rational and 'non-risky' decision making.
Sound Synthesis Based on Ordinary Differential Equations (2015)

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) have been studied for centuries as a means to model complex dynamical processes from the real world. Nevertheless, their application to sound synthesis has not yet been fully exploited. In this article we present a systematic approach to sound synthesis based on first-order complex and real ODEs. Using simple time-dependent and nonlinear terms, we illustrate the mapping between ODE coefficients and physically meaningful control parameters such as pitch, pitch bend, decay rate, and attack time. We reveal the connection between nonlinear coupling terms and frequency modulation, and we discuss the implications of this scheme in connection with nonlinear synthesis. The ability to excite a first-order complex ODE with an external input signal is also examined; stochastic or impulsive signals that are physically or synthetically produced can be presented as input to the system, offering additional synthesis possibilities, such as those found in excitation/filter synthesis and filter-based modal synthesis.
Swelling, viscoelastic, and anatomical studies on ionic liquid-swollen Norway spruce as a screening tool toward ionosolv pulping (2015)

Abstract To screen ionic liquid (IL) candidates for wood ionosolv pulping, swelling and viscoelastic studies on Norway spruce wood treated with ionic liquids have been conducted. In particular, the temperature dependency and kinetics of swelling in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acesulfamate ([BMIM]Ace) and in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]OAc) were in focus. The kinetics of volumetric swelling in [BMIM]Ace yielded an E a of 54 kJ.mol -1 compared to 23 kJ.mol -1 in [EMIM]OAc. The viscoelastic behavior of IL-swollen wood was studied by dynamic mechanical analysis, and the lowest in situ glass transition temperature ( T g ) of lignin was ∼58°C and ∼65°C in [BMIM]Ace and in [EMIM]OAc, respectively. These T g values are lower than that found in water. Higher T g was calculated by the Gordon-Taylor equation, which means that swelling is not only due to the plasticizing effect of the ILs. SEM images showed that [EMIM]OAc has a stronger plasticizing effect than [BMIM]Ace. Overall, [EMIM]OAc is the most efficient agent for wood swelling, softening, and disintegration and, thus, it is the most promising candidate for ionosolv pulping.
Atomistic Mechanism of Surfactant-Assisted Epitaxial Growth (1998)

Experiments and simulations on the effect of a surfactant on atomic diffusion are presented. Cu adatoms deposited on a Cu(111) surface covered with a monolayer of Pb quickly get buried and diffuse under the Pb layer by exchanging sites with other Cu atoms from the substrate. The surfactant induces layer-by-layer growth by suppressing the hopping mechanism of diffusion over the terraces and promoting atomic exchange, both at the terraces and across the steps. This mechanism may be rather general and has profound implications for the synthesis of artificial materials.
Award Address. (F. Albert Cotton Award in Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry sponsored by the F. Albert Cotton Endowment Fund). Synthetic Strategies to Produce Transition Metal Complexes Containing Reactive Metal-Ligand Multiple Bonds (2020)

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Numerical Analysis on Stability and Self-Excited Vibration in Collapsible Tube. (1996)

A distributed parameter model of a collapsible tube, in which no effect of separation occurring in the collapsed part is considered, is numerically analyzed by means of the SIMPLE method. Transient flow behaviors, stability of steady flows and self-excited vibrations are investigated. Furthermore, the wave propagation in the tube is indicated as a 3-dimensional bird's-eye view with the temporal and spatial axes. The numerical results are consistent with experimental results.
Demonstration of reverse fatty acid transport from rat cardiomyocytes (2004)

Fatty acids flow from adipocytes to nonadipose tissues during fasting and exercise and normally are fully oxidized. To determine if nonadipose tissues can export unoxidized FA when FA influx exceeds oxidation, neonatal cardiomyocytes were cultured in 1 microCi (14)C-palmitate in the presence of etomoxir to block oxidation. The cells took up and stored 25% of the radioactivity as (14)C-triacylglycerol in 12 h, but 4.5% of the label was released in 3 h and comigrated with (14)C-palmitate. Both uptake and release of radioactivity were increased by insulin and reduced by the nonspecific inhibitors of FA transporters phloretin and 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). Perfused hearts from etomoxir-treated lean rats released 221 +/- 59 nmol/10 min of FA. Hearts from high-fat-fed lean rats released 366 +/- 172 nmol/10 min (P < 0.05). Hearts from obese rats released 744 +/- 260 and 1,578 +/- 630 nmol/10 min at 8 and 12 weeks of age, respectively. Perfusion with insulin increased FA release by 32%. In vitro and ex vivo findings suggest that nonadipose tissues such as myocardium can export FA when the unoxidized lipid content is excessive.