gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variable magnetic circuit torque sensor (1991)

This paper presents an original torque sensor structure using the properties of magnetic circuits, including permanent magnets. The torque is measured through the torsion of the transmitting shaft. The torsion is proportional to the torque. Considering two points of the shaft on the same line in absence of torque, the information is given by the twisting angle in the presence of a torque. A rotating magnetic circuit yields an angle representative signal. This circuit is deformed by the shaft torsion. The reluctance varies and so does the magnet operating point. The induction is measured in an airgap by a statoric galvanomagnetic device. The magnetic field source is an axial permanent magnet ring. Two iron-toothed rings, fixed to the driving and driven part of the shaft, respectively, and separated by an airgap make up the variable part of the magnetic circuit. The teeth get out of line whenever a torque is applied. The galvanomagnetic device measures an uniform induction and so delivers a modulation free signal, i.e., rotation independent. Because of the periodic toothed structure, the induction varies periodically with the twisting angle. The sense of the variation is the same over half a period or half a pitch. The variation form depends on the teeth design. Operating interval is to be chosen equal to or smaller than the half pitch.
Is There a Place for Inhaled Nitric Oxide in the Therapy of Massive Pulmonary Embolism? (2001)

In Reply:—We presented a brief overview of the perioperative uses of inhaled nitric oxide (NO). Although we covered the most common indications for inhaled NO, the letter by Tanus-Santos correctly suggests that additional uses have been described, such as the management of pulmonary embolism. There are also case reports of the use of inhaled NO in hepato-pulmonary syndrome and after heparin-protamine reactions. Since the publication of our article, inhaled NO has received Food and Drug Administration approval for term and near-term (older than 34 weeks) neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure associated with pulmonary hypertension. It is important to realize that all other uses of inhaled NO are considered “off-label.” Furthermore, consideration of the use of inhaled NO to treat pulmonary hypertension with or without hypoxemia should include its considerable cost.
Genetic Structure, Diversity and Long Term Viability of a Medicinal Plant, Nothapodytes nimmoniana Graham. (Icacinaceae), in Protected and Non-Protected Areas in the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot (2014)

Overall, these results highlight the need for establishing more protected areas encompassing a large number of adult plants in the Western Ghats to conserve genetic diversity of economically and medicinally important plant species.
Specification and Validation of Protocols (1979)

Complex protocols are used to coordinate remote activities in computer networks. To insure proper operation, formal techniques of protocol definition and validation have been proposed, and developed to the point that they can be applied to actual protocols. However, much work remains to be done in order to cope with protocols of ever-increasing complexity; in particular, those coordinating the activities of many interacting entities. The characteristics that determine the applicability of the different specification and validation techniques to a protocol will be discussed. We will define the "topology" of a protocol, and treat also protocols that are intended to work in a variety of configurations, as well as configurations which may change in time (i.e. "evolving topologies"). Finally, based on this new general point of view, a short survey of specification and validation techniques will be presented, and the extensions needed to handle complex protocol characteristics will be discussed.
Photoluminescence from a Bulk Defect near the Surface of an n-TiO2 (Rutile) Electrode in Relation to an Intermediate of Photooxidation Reaction of Water (1997)

A photoluminescence (PL) band peaked at 840 nm is observed for an n-TiO2 (rutile) electrode in aqueous electrolyte solutions when illuminated under a slight anodic bias and was previously explained as arising from an intermediate of photooxidation reaction of water on the n-TiO2 electrode. The chemical structure and properties of the PL-emitting species have been investigated in the present work by measurements of photocurrent, photoluminescence, electroluminescence, and transient luminescence as well as inspection of the electrode surface by transmission electron microscopy. It is concluded that the PL band should be assigned to an electronic transition from the conduction band to the vacant level of HO• radicals present in a bulk defect (atomic gaps) near the n-TiO2 (rutile) surface and that the radicals act as an intermediate of the photooxidation reaction of water. The results give confirmative evidence to our previously proposed new mechanism that the surface Ti−OH group cannot be oxidized by photogenerated holes, and thus the reaction in acidic solutions is initiated by the oxidation of Ti−OH or OH- in the bulk defect near the surface.
An optimal control-based algorithm for Hybrid Electric Vehicle using preview route information (2010)

Control strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are generally aimed at optimally choosing the power distribution between the internal combustion engine and the electric motor in order to minimize the fuel consumption and/or emissions. Using vehicle navigation systems in combination with Global Positioning Systems and Geographical Information Systems allow further optimization of the power distribution by utilizing the route information. In this paper, a new control algorithm based on a combination of dynamic programming and classical optimal control theory is proposed for the Energy Management System in parallel HEVs to improve the fuel economy over a preview route segment. The proposed algorithm optimizes not only the gear position and the engine power yet also the vehicle velocity. The vehicle is controlled to complete this route segment in a predefined time length. Using this method more than 11% fuel saving is computed on an optimized cycle compared to a standard city cycle with equal time length and average speed.
A Simplified Algorithm to Model Aircraft Acceleration During Take-Off (2005)

Aircraft takeoff performance, which quantifies the aircraft's capability of accelerating to become airborne within the runway constraints, is crucial to the safety of the maneuver. As a result, scheduled calculations are performed before dispatch to ensure that runway lengths are indeed adequate. The same equations, however, cannot readily be used for real-time performance monitoring and a simplified algorithm is thus required. The use of a second-order approximation of the velocity profile is proposed. An assessment of the goodness of fit using numerical analysis confirms that, for the operational envelope of typical aircraft, this approximation is sufficiently accurate to warrant use in performance estimation.
THE UTILIZATION OF FILAMENTARY Nb3Sn SUPERCONDUCTOR IN THE PRODUCTION OF A 15 TESLA SOLENOID OPERATING AT 4.2K (1984)

The problem of successfully exploiting the high criticalcurrent density of bronze route Nb3Sn in a superconducting solenoid of conventional design has received much attention. However, it is only recently that the full potential of Nb3Sn has been approached in such a magnet. We describe the development, construction and performance of one such magnet which is designed to achieve 15 Tesla at 4.2K. In addition, we consider future developments in the production of high magnetic fields using superconducting wire in the light of this recent work.
CD4-Transgenic Zebrafish Reveal Tissue-Resident Th2- and Regulatory T Cell–like Populations and Diverse Mononuclear Phagocytes (2016)

CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells are at the nexus of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. However, little is known about the evolutionary history of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, and it is unclear whether their differentiation into specialized subsets is conserved in early vertebrates. In this study, we have created transgenic zebrafish with vibrantly labeled CD4<sup>+</sup> cells allowing us to scrutinize the development and specialization of teleost CD4<sup>+</sup> leukocytes in vivo. We provide further evidence that CD4<sup>+</sup> macrophages have an ancient origin and had already emerged in bony fish. We demonstrate the utility of this zebrafish resource for interrogating the complex behavior of immune cells at cellular resolution by the imaging of intimate contacts between teleost CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and mononuclear phagocytes. Most importantly, we reveal the conserved subspecialization of teleost CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in vivo. We demonstrate that the ancient and specialized tissues of the gills contain a resident population of il-4/13b-expressing Th2-like cells, which do not coexpress il-4/13a Additionally, we identify a contrasting population of regulatory T cell-like cells resident in the zebrafish gut mucosa, in marked similarity to that found in the intestine of mammals. Finally, we show that, as in mammals, zebrafish CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells will infiltrate melanoma tumors and obtain a phenotype consistent with a type 2 immune microenvironment. We anticipate that this unique resource will prove invaluable for future investigation of T cell function in biomedical research, the development of vaccination and health management in aquaculture, and for further research into the evolution of adaptive immunity.
User's reference guide for ODRPACK: (1989)

1.71 (07-27-89) 1 I.
Terahertz Kerr Effect in β-Alumina Ion Conductors (2019)

We present THz Kerr effect spectra of Na, K, and Ag β-alumina solid-state ion conductors as model systems for grid-scale battery applications. We show both a field-following response consistent with electronic polarization, and a slower relaxation consistent with translation of mobile ions.
Error-Resilient Multiple Description Coding (2008)

In the multiple description coding (MDC), the source is decomposed into two or more descriptions, and then transmitted over on/off channels. At the receiver end, each description can be reproduced with acceptable side distortion; reconstructed signals with lower central distortion can be accomplished by exploiting more descriptions. In order to apply the classical MDC over error-prone channels, we propose error-resilient multiple description coding (ERMDC) to utilize the inherent dependency and redundancy between descriptions to combat bit errors. In this paper, we develop a pair of the ERMDC encoder and central decoder based on the multiple description scalar quantizer (MDSQ). After deriving optimal and suboptimal ERMDC decoders, a novel index assignment algorithm is provided for the ERMDC encoder to improve the error detection capability of the ERMDC decoders. Analytical and experimental results show that the ERMDC outperforms the conventional MDSQ encoder-decoder pair, and achieves lower reconstruction distortions than the side distortion within a large range of bit error rates (BERs).
Merit Pay as a Motivator in the Federal Sector (1982)

The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 required the implementation of the Merit Pay System for a portion of the Federal civilian workforce as a means of increasing productivity through the use of monetary incentives. To test the validity of this concept, several theories of worker motivation are reviewed and their relation to money motivation and pay-for-performance is established. These relationships are compared to the results of data gathered from 241 employees affected by the Act. The potential for success or failure of the Merit Pay System is discussed, indicating several problems with the program.
Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction by Semidefinite Programming and Kernel Matrix Factorization. (2005)

We describe an algorithm for nonlinear dimensionality reduction based on semidefinite programming and kernel matrix factorization. The algorithm learns a kernel matrix for high dimensional data that lies on or near a low dimensional manifold. In earlier work, the kernel matrix was learned by maximizing the variance in feature space while preserving the distances and angles between nearest neighbors. In this paper, adapting recent ideas from semi-supervised learning on graphs, we show that the full kernel matrix can be very well approximated by a product of smaller matrices. Representing the kernel matrix in this way, we can reformulate the semidefinite program in terms of a much smaller submatrix of inner products between randomly chosen landmarks. The new framework leads to order-of-magnitude reductions in computation time and makes it possible to study much larger problems in manifold learning. 1
Transcriptional Profiling of Candida albicans in Human Blood (2006)

Pathogens may cause several types of diseases in humans, including infections of surfaces or distinct organs. During systemic infections, microbes may distribute through the blood to become life-threatening. Yet, such infections are surprising because the blood ordinarily is sterile in healthy individuals and presents an extremely hostile environment to microbes.
A machine-learning approach for identifying the counterparts of submillimetre galaxies and applications to the GOODS-North field (2019)

ABSTRACT Identifying the counterparts of submillimetre (submm) galaxies (SMGs) in multiwavelength images is a critical step towards building accurate models of the evolution of strongly star-forming galaxies in the early Universe. However, obtaining a statistically significant sample of robust associations is very challenging due to the poor angular resolution of single-dish submm facilities. Recently, a large sample of single-dish-detected SMGs in the UKIDSS UDS field, a subset of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (S2CLS), was followed up with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), which has provided the resolution necessary for identification in optical and near-infrared images. We use this ALMA sample to develop a training set suitable for machine-learning (ML) algorithms to determine how to identify SMG counterparts in multiwavelength images, using a combination of magnitudes and other derived features. We test several ML algorithms and find that a deep neural network performs the best, accurately identifying 85 per cent of the ALMA-detected optical SMG counterparts in our cross-validation tests. When we carefully tune traditional colour-cut methods, we find that the improvement in using machine learning is modest (about 5 per cent), but importantly it comes at little additional computational cost. We apply our trained neural network to the GOODS-North field, which also has single-dish submm observations from the S2CLS and deep multiwavelength data but little high-resolution interferometric submm imaging, and we find that we are able to classify SMG counterparts for 36/67 of the single-dish submm sources. We discuss future improvements to our ML approach, including combining ML with spectral energy distribution fitting techniques and using longer wavelength data as additional features.
Thyroid hormone potentiates insulin  signaling and attenuates hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (2010)

T3 potentiated insulin signaling, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased insulin synthesis, which may contribute to its anti-diabetic effects. These findings may provide new approaches to the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Activation of purified human thymus-derived (T) cells by mitogens. II. Monocyte- macrophage potentiation of mitogen-induced DNA synthesis. (1976)

Thymus-derived (T) cells from peripheral blood were purified by rosette formation with neuraminidase-treated sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and centifugation on Ficoll-Hypaque. T cells recovered from the pellet were freed of SRBC by treatment with Tris-NH4Cl. T cells purified by this method showed a diminished ability to take up 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) after mitogen stimulation when compared to the mitogenic response of an equal number of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBL). Autologous monocytes restored the capacity of purified T cells to take up 3H-TdR in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or Concanavalin A (Con A). The effect was proportional to the number of monocytes added. Similar restorative effects could be obtained with allogeneic or xenogeneic monocytes. These data suggest that the mitogenic stimulation of human PBL and Con A may reflect the participation of more than one cell type: the T cells and monocyte and that the genetic origin of the monocyte is not critical for augmentation of the mitogenic activation of human T cells.
Relative and Absolute Bioavailability Study of Emicizumab to Bridge Drug Products and Subcutaneous Injection Sites in Healthy Volunteers (2018)

Emicizumab (ACE910) is a bispecific antibody that is a novel, subcutaneously injectable treatment for patients with hemophilia A. This study assessed the relative bioavailability of emicizumab between old and new drug products (DPs) and among 3 commonly used subcutaneous injection sites (abdomen, upper arm, and thigh), together with its absolute bioavailability in healthy volunteers. Forty-eight healthy volunteers were randomized into 4 groups to receive a single subcutaneous injection of 1 mg/kg with the old or new DP, and another 12 volunteers each received a single, 90-minute, intravenous infusion of 0.25 mg/kg with the new DP. Similar pharmacokinetic profiles were observed between the DPs, with geometric mean ratios of 1.199 (90% confidence interval [CI] 1.060-1.355) for the maximum plasma concentration and 1.083 (90% CI 0.920-1.275) for area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity. The geometric mean ratios of maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity for upper arm versus abdomen were 0.823 (90% CI 0.718-0.943) and 0.926 (90% CI 0.814-1.053), respectively, and those for thigh versus abdomen were 1.168 (90% CI 1.030-1.324) and 1.073 (90% CI 0.969-1.189), respectively. Absolute bioavailability ranged from 80.4% to 93.1%. These results suggested that no emicizumab dose adjustment would be needed when switching the DPs or injecting to different sites interchangeably and that emicizumab injected subcutaneously is highly bioavailable.
Abstract 49: Withdrawal of Care in the Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ERICH) Study (2013)

Introduction: Withdrawal of care (WOC) during hospitalization is the most common cause of death after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Prior work suggests minority groups are less likely to choose WOC. Our goal was to evaluate for differences in rates of WOC among racial/ethnic groups from the ERICH cohort. Methods: ERICH is an ongoing multicenter study of genetic and environmental risk factors for spontaneous ICH. We analyzed data from the first 725 individuals. Baseline characteristics,do not resuscitate (DNR) status, intensive care procedures, and WOC were prospectively recorded. A central core analyzed all imaging. We compared characteristics among patients with and without eventual WOC and by race/ethnicity. Logistic regression was used to identify variables independently associated with WOC and associations are presented as the odds ratio (95% confidence interval). Results: 9.9% (72/725) of patients underwent WOC. After controlling for age, ICH volume, initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), there were no significant differences in WOC between non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black (OR 1.82; CI 0.78-4.25), and Hispanic (OR 2.16; CI 0.93-5.00) patients. There were also no differences in rates of DNR/DNI status across racial/ethnic groups. In multivariate analysis, patients who underwent WOC had larger ICH volume (1.75; 1.13-2.73); were older (1.43; 1.27-1.61), more likely to have IVH (3.21; 1.53-6.73), and had lower GCS (2.41; 1.63-3.56). While patients who underwent WOC were more likely to have a DNR/DNI order (12.7; 4.69-34.7), intubated patients were more likely to undergo WOC (4.09; 1.08-9.25), even after adjusting for ICH severity. Conclusions: In our cohort, we were able to model ICH severity and factors predictive of WOC. There were not significant racial/ethnic differences in WOC rates. Intubated patients are more likely to undergo care limitations, independent of ICH severity.
Polyethylene Tereplthalate (PETP) Foams as Ferroelectrets (2006)

Voided space-charge electrets represent a new class of piezoelectric materials, the so-called ferroelectrets. Several polymers are under investigation with respect to possible ferroelectret properties. However, processing limitations, difficulties in preparing suitably voided polymer films or unfavorable property combinations often prevent the successful generation of new ferroelectrets. Here, we describe the preparation of voided polyethylene terephthalate (PETP) ferroelectret films by means of carbon-dioxide gas diffusion. First results are discussed regarding the structural and piezoelectric properties of voided PETP films. The observed piezoelectric properties of the new voided PETP films clearly demonstrate their ferroelectret behavior. It is possible to adjust the electromechanical and elastic properties over a rather wide range so that the films are suitable for several transducer applications.
Effects of Hydrostatic Loading Amplitude and Frequency on Rabbit Disc Nucleus Cells (2001)

Abstract Long-term occupational exposure to whole-body vibration increases the risk of disc degeneration and the consequent back pain [1]. The pathogenesis of vibration induced disorders is still not completely clear and there is no effective treatment. Although the potential effects of vibrational stress on extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly and degradation are particularly relevant to the clinical findings of the vibration induced disorders, the effects of vibrational loads on disc cells are largely unknown. It has been shown that hydrostatic pressure directly affects the synthesis of collagen and proteoglycan by the intervertebral disc cells [2–5]. However, these studies investigated only the extent of the effect of quasi-static hydrostatic loads. During daily occupational activities intervertebral disc is exposed to dynamic oscillatory hydrostatic loads, characterized by wide frequency spectrum and variable amplitude. In this case, a physiologic level of amplitude and frequency of hydrostatic pressure may be essential for maintaining the matrix of the disc, while an abnormal amplitude and frequency of hydrostatic pressure may accelerate disc degeneration. The ranges of good and bad loading frequencies and amplitudes still need to be discovered. The objective of this study was to find which of loading frequency and loading amplitude has more influence in affecting disc cell response to vibration. To address this issue we developed a mechanically-active culture system capable of delivering a wide range of loading frequency and amplitude of hydrostatic pressure to cultures of nucleus pulposus cells. We used nucleus cells, which are exposed mainly to hydrostatic loading in vivo.