gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive approaches for phenotyping of enhanced performance traits in bean (2011)

Plant phenotyping is an emerging discipline in plant biology. Quantitative measurements of functional and structural traits help to better understand gene-environment interactions and support breeding for improved resource use efficiency of important crops such as bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Here we provide an overview of state-of-the-art phenotyping approaches addressing three aspects of resource use efficiency in plants: belowground roots, aboveground shoots and transport/allocation processes. We demonstrate the capacity of high-precision methods to measure plant function or structural traits non-invasively, stating examples wherever possible. Ideally, high-precision methods are complemented by fast and high-throughput technologies. High-throughput phenotyping can be applied in the laboratory using automated data acquisition, as well as in the field, where imaging spectroscopy opens a new path to understand plant function non-invasively. For example, we demonstrate how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can resolve root structure and separate root systems under resource competition, how automated fluorescence imaging (PAM fluorometry) in combination with automated shape detection allows for high-throughput screening of photosynthetic traits and how imaging spectrometers can be used to quantify pigment concentration, sun-induced fluorescence and potentially photosynthetic quantum yield. We propose that these phenotyping techniques, combined with mechanistic knowledge on plant structure-function relationships, will open new research directions in whole-plant ecophysiology and may assist breeding for varieties with enhanced resource use efficiency varieties.
Des nouvelles de l'interacteur (2000)

Dans la perspective des recherches sur l'intermédialité, cette contribution s'attache à décrire les représentations opérationnelles que se font de leurs usagers les producteurs d'un site Web associé à une émission télévisée. Par delà les rhétoriques à la mode sur le caractère révolutionnaire de l'interactivité des nouveaux médias ou sur les aspects innovateurs de la convergence médiatique, nous montrons, au contraire, que ces représentations s'inscrivent plutôt dans la logique marketing en vigueur dans l'économie spectaculaire du média dominant, la télévision.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Thiol Acids, Thiol Esters, and Amides by Reactions of Carbonyl Sulfide with Grignard Reagents. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Long-term bias temperature reliability of P/sup +/ polysilicon gated FET devices (1995)

An instability was found to be associated with +BT stress for P/sup +/ poly-gated NMOSFETs (PNMOS) and PMOSFETs (PPMOS), but not with the N/sup +/ poly-gated devices (NNMOS and NPMOS). The instability with the P/sup +/ poly-gated devices, which is a decrease in threshold voltage (V/sub t/) and an increase in interface state density (D/sub it/), was significantly reduced following N/sub 2/ annealing at 400/spl deg/C. It is shown that adequate reliability for P/sup +/ poly-gated devices can be achieved for VLSI technologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An $O(n\log \log n)$-Time Algorithm for Triangulating a Simple Polygon (1988)

Given a simple n-vertex polygon, the triangulation problem is to partition the interior of the polygon into $n - 2$ triangles by adding $n - 3$ nonintersecting diagonals. We propose an $O(n\log \log n)$-time algorithm for this problem, improving on the previously best bound of $O(n\log n)$ and showing that triangulation is not as hard as sorting. Improved algorithms for several other computational geometry problems, including testing whether a polygon is simple, follow from our result.
A Nanoparticle Approach To Control the Phase Separation in Polyfluorene Photovoltaic Devices (2004)

Polymer solar cell devices with nanostructured blend layers have been fabricated using single- and dual-component polymer nanospheres. Starting from an electron-donating and an electron-accepting polyfluorene derivative, PFB and F8BT, dissolved in suitable organic solvents, dispersions of solid particles with mean diameters of ca. 50 nm, containing either the pure polymer components or a mixture of PFB and F8BT in each particle, were prepared with the miniemulsion process. Photovoltaic devices based on these particles have been studied with respect to the correlation between external quantum efficiency and layer composition. It is shown that the properties of devices containing a blend of single-component PFB and F8BT particles differ significantly from those of solar cells based on blend particles, even for the same layer composition. Various factors determining the quantum efficiency in both kinds of devices are identified and discussed, taking into account the spectroscopic properties of the particles. An external quantum efficiency of ca. 4% is measured for a device made from polymer blend nanoparticles containing PFB:F8BT at a weight ratio of 1:2 in each individual nanosphere. This is among the highest values reported so far for photovoltaic cells using this material combination.
Longitudinal patent analysis for international nanotechnology development: comparison of innovative performance for the ten leading countries using patent data derived from NBER (2014)

This paper presents results on the international analysis of nanotechnology patents for the ten leading countries. We aim to compare the innovative ability and performance of the ten leading countries in nanotechnology and contribute to a better understanding of competitive advantage of nations in nanotechnology, to better understand the moves of their competitors and potential commercial benefits. We find that some countries are obviously more innovative than others according to the different indicators. Moreover, the citation networks show an increase of interactions, and a relatively important role of the ten leading countries. Using the multidimensional scaling method, we present overall comparisons of competitive advantages in perceptual maps, showing that there are four distinct groups of attributes. As Taiwan and South Korea had related patents concentrated in a certain area, and had a lower creative and innovative value with a shorter term effect on others.
’n Alternatiewe formulier vir die bevestiging van dienaars van die Woord (2004)

An alternative formulary for the investiture of church ministersThis study aims to present an alternative formulary for the investiture of ministers in the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika. The new formulary reflects the author’s views that were initially outlined in part and verified by a number of church ministers and congregational members of the church. The article argues for the necessity of a rephrasing of existing formularies, given the current postmodern perceptions of the functions of the church over against the style of the current formulary. Current perceptions of the functions of ministers also necessitate an alternative formulary for the investment of church ministers.
Electrical Properties and Equalization of Lithium-Ion Cells in Automotive Applications (2005)

This paper explores certain key properties of lithium-ion batteries important for automotive applications. Long-term laboratory tests have been conducted to characterize these cells. The results address state-of-charge measurement and characterization, input-output charge efficiency, and needs and results with charge equalization. The results show that open-circuit voltage can provide a basis for state-of-charge measurement. High input-output energy storage efficiency is a key benefit of Li-ion technology-a vital performance parameter for hybrid vehicles. Charge equalization is an important consideration for Li-ion applications, and active equalization is needed to insure safe operation and deliver long life. Present commercial devices vary significantly among manufacturers.
Prognostic Significance of Capsular Invasion and Capsular Penetration in Japanese Men with Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy (2004)

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the local extent of prostate cancer in relation to the prostate capsule. Patients and methods: The series included 110 patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy in a single institution in Japan between September 1997 and February 2003. The resected prostatectomy specimens were investigated by whole-mount step section at 5 mm intervals. According to the pathological findings, patients were divided into three groups as follows: 44 with localized cancer tissues apart from the capsule (group A), 33 with capsular invasion without penetration (group B) and 33 with capsular penetration (group C). Several clinicopathological factors of these patients were analyzed in relation to the capsular status. Results: The capsular status was significantly related to lymph node metastasis, seminal vesicle invasion and tumor volume. During the observation period (median: 22 months), biochemical recurrence occurred in 13 patients (three in group A, two in group B and eight in group C), and the biochemical-recurrence free survival rate in group C was significantly lower than those in groups A and B. Patients with capsular penetration at more than one site were at significantly increased risk for biochemical recurrence compared with those with a single capsular penetration; however, there was no significant relationship between the location of capsular penetration and biochemical recurrence. Furthermore, the biochemical recurrence-free survival rate was significantly associated with capsular penetration, seminal vesicle invasion and tumor volume among various factors examined, nevertheless these three factors were not independent predictors for biochemical recurrence on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Subclassification of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy according to the capsular status provides valuable prognostic information; that is, patients with capsular penetration, particularly at more than one site, have a significantly higher risk of biochemical recurrence than those without capsular involvement or with capsular invasion alone. Thus, careful follow-up and if necessary, additional treatment should be considered in cases demonstrating capsular penetration.
Orthopaedic basic science (1994)

This text covers the basic science of orthopaedics as it relates to clinical practice. It describes the changes that have occurred in neuromusculoskeletal science, including the expansion in knowledge of the basic science of bone, organ tissues and kinesiology.
Development and testing of a HD diesel engine with two-state turbocharging (2000)

A research project was carried out in which a DAF engine was equipped with a two-stage turbocharging system. Objectives were to investigate an engine concept with very high BMEP (25-30 bars), maintaining acceptable emissions and fuel consumption, while concentrating on the control system and transient performance. Two-stage turbocharging has several advantages compared with single stage turbocharging. Two-stage turbocharging enables high specific power levels across a broad speed range. In addition transient behaviour of a two-stage turbocharged engine is improved because of the combination of a small (and fast) High Pressure turbocharger and a larger Low Pressure turbocharger. Especially at high intake manifold pressures (pressure ratio &gt; 3.5) the overall efficiency of two-stage turbocharging is better than with single state turbocharging. The two-stage system on the engine that was tested consists of two parallel Low Pressure turbochargers, a High Pressure turbocharger with controlled by-pass valve, and a cooler behind the High Pressure compressor. With this configuration BSFC was optimised, while maintaining EURO III emission levels. Also transient tests were carried out, whereby the transient behaviour was compared with that of the current DAF engine. In the development of the control algorithms for the by-pass valve, simulatons were used with a complete engine model built in Matrixx. These simulations were also used to estimate transient performance of the engine concept, prior to the test program. In addition the engine model was used to analyse the measured data, and to understand several transient effects that play a role. The results show that two-stage turbocharging is an effective way to increase specific power output while maintaining acceptable fuel consumption and transient performance.
Steady-state analysis of a LCC-type load commutated high-frequency inverter (2003)

The steady-state analysis of a high-frequency resonant (load commutated) inverter, which used an LCC-type commutation circuit is presented. The difference modes of operation are explained. A Fourier series method is used to analyze the circuit under steady-state conditions for continuous-current mode operation. The analysis is used to predict the performance of the inverter and to develop the design curves for the selection of inverter components. A simple design procedure is presented and illustrated. The predicted performance of the inverter agrees closely with results for a prototype experimental unit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
INTEGRATED SWITCHING AND MULTIPLEXING. (1966)

The work of this contract was divided into two phases. The goal of the first phase was to study and investigate the feasibility of integrating time division switching and frequency division multiplexing into one common operation in lieu of performing each function separately. This was shown to be feasible. The goal of the second phase was to reduce to actual practice the theoretical techniques by designing and fabricating two experimental models of an Integrated Switch and Multiplexing (ISAM) System. Each model consists of 12 local lines and 12 frequency division multiplex channels. This forms the major portion of this report. This has served to prove that the concept of transmission via the ISAM mode is technically sound. (Author)
Endocannabinoids, Related Compounds and Their Metabolic Routes (2014)

Endocannabinoids are lipid mediators able to bind to and activate cannabinoid receptors, the primary molecular targets responsible for the pharmacological effects of the Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. These bioactive lipids belong mainly to two classes of compounds: N-acylethanolamines and acylesters, being N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), respectively, their main representatives. During the last twenty years, an ever growing number of fatty acid derivatives (endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like compounds) have been discovered and their activities biological is the subject of intense investigations. Here, the most recent advances, from a therapeutic point of view, on endocannabinoids, related compounds, and their metabolic routes will be reviewed.
Comprehension and Learning of Social Goals Through Visualization (2015)

The concept of social goals refers to organizational goals that are defined in an open and transparent manner; they serve as social objects that incite both formal and informal collaboration around shared interests/objectives. Our objective is to facilitate the comprehension of social goals and examine the role of social goals as scaffolds of social learning in an organization. To this end, we followed an approach based on the visualization of social goals and explored how different presentations of goals, specifically, faceted goal browsing, graph-based visualization, and timeline-based visualization, contribute to the realization of the stated objective. To assess this approach, we conducted a between subjects study where each participant performed a set of goal comprehension tasks with one of the examined presentations of goals. The study demonstrated that our visualizations of goals increase the accuracy of the overall comprehension of an organization's goals; this positive effect is also present when the comprehension of relationships-either explicit or implicit ties-among social goals is needed. The results also confirmed that our graph-based visualization of social goals could serve as a facilitator of social learning in an organization.
Superior destabilization effects of LiBH4 with the addition of nano-sized nickel ferrite NiFe2O4 (2015)

The addition of a novel nano-sized nickel ferrite oxide (NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) shows a remarkable enhancement of the desorption properties of LiBH<sub>4</sub>.
Synthesis, Bonding and Reactivity of a Terminal Titanium Alkylidene Hydrazido Compound (2013)

We report a detailed study of the reactions of the Ti=NNCPh2 alkylidene hydrazide functional group in [Cp*Ti{MeC(NiPr)2}(NNCPh2)] (8) with a variety of unsaturated and saturated substrates. Compound 8 was prepared from [Cp*Ti{MeC(NiPr)2}(NtBu)] and Ph2CNNH2. DFT calculations were used to determine the nature of the bonding for the Ti=NNCPh2 moiety in 8 and in the previously reported [Cp2Ti(NNCPh2)(PMe3)]. Reaction of 8 with CO2 gave dimeric [(Cp*Ti{MeC(NiPr)2}{μ-OC(NNCPh2)O})2] and the "double-insertion" dicarboxylate species [Cp*Ti-{MeC(NiPr)2}{OC(O)N(NCPh2)C(O)O}] through an initial [2+2] cycloaddition product [Cp*Ti{MeC(NiPr)2}{N(NCPh2)C(O)O}], the congener of which could be isolated in the corresponding reaction with CS2. The reaction with isocyanates or isothiocyanates tBuNCO or ArNCE (Ar = Tol or 2,6-C6 H3 iPr2 ; E = O, S) gave either complete NNCPh2 transfer, [2+2] cycloaddition to Ti=Nα or single- or double-substrate insertion into the Ti=Nα bond. The treatment of 8 with isonitriles RNC (R = tBu or Xyl) formed σ-adducts [Cp*Ti{MeC(NiPr)2}(NNCPh2)(CNR)]. With Ar(F5)CCH (Ar(F5)=C6F5) the [2+2] cycloaddition product [Cp*Ti{MeC(NiPr)2}{N(NCPh2)C(Ar(F5))C(H)}] was formed, whereas with benzonitriles ArCN (Ar = Ph or Ar(F5)) two equivalents of substrate were coupled in a head-to-tail manner across the Ti=Nα bond to form [Cp*Ti{MeC(NiPr)2}{N(NCPh2)C(Ar)NC(Ar)N}]. Treatment of 8 with RSiH3 (R = aryl or Bu) or Ph2SiH2 gave [Cp*Ti{MeC(NiPr)2}{N(SiHRR')N(CHPh2)}] (R' = H or Ph) through net 1,3-addition of Si-H to the N-N=CPh2 linkage of 8, whereas reaction with PhSiH2X (X = Cl, Br) led to the Ti=Nα 1,2-addition products [Cp*Ti{MeC(NiPr)2}(X){N(NCPh2)SiH2Ph}].
DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN EFFICIENT DUAL PATCH RECTENNA FOR MICROWAVE ENERGY RECYCLING IN THE ISM BAND (2013)

International audience
DNA methylation profiles in red blood cells of adult hens correlate to their rearing conditions (2017)

Stressful conditions are common in the environment where production animals are reared. Stress in animals is usually determined by the levels of stress-related hormones. A big challenge, however, is in determining the history of exposure of an organism to stress, because the release of stress hormones can show an acute (and recent) but not a sustained exposure to stress. Epigenetic tools provide an alternative option to evaluate past exposure to long-term stress. Chickens provide a unique model to study stress effects in the epigenome of red blood cells (RBCs), a cell type of easy access and nucleated in birds. The present study investigated whether two different rearing conditions in chickens can be identified by looking at DNA methylation patterns in their RBCs later in life. These conditions were rearing in open aviaries versus in cages, which are likely to differ regarding the amount of stress they generate. Our comparison revealed 115 genomic windows with significant changes in RBC DNA methylation between experimental groups, which were located around 53 genes and within 22 intronic regions. Our results set the ground for future detection of long-term stress in live production animals by measuring DNA methylation in a cell type of easy accessibility.
Prediction of Worse Functional Status After Surgery for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Machine Learning Approach (2020)

The reasons for worse mJOA are frequently multifactorial (eg, adjacent segment degeneration, tandem lumbar stenosis, ongoing neuroinflammatory processes in the cord). This study successfully used ML to predict worse functional status after surgery for DCM and to determine associated predictors.
Short-term sound stream characterization for reliable, real-time occurrence monitoring of given sound-prints (2005)

Identification in real-time streaming data using plain template-matching algorithms is difficult due to the undefined frame position in the on-line data compared to the frame-based features' position of the templates. We have investigated the use of the short-time Fourier-spectrum, the short-time Walsh-spectrum and the short-time signal energy and the ratio of the succeeding features from the frame-shift point of view. The last two features aim to improve the calculation speed in larger sets of records. For further simplifying operations in the comparison stage, a quantization step was applied to the spectrum values which resulted in ternary-logic time-frequency maps. This is also useful for eliminating the effects of non-extraordinary spectral-shape distortions by utilizing the prominent parts of the spectrum. An algorithm was developed for selecting the most suitable segment combination of sound records to be monitored where the differences between all segment pairs are largest. The method was applied to identify advertisements on the Real Audio broadcast of Hungarian Radio.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NEW PHOTOCHROMIC COMPOUNDS FROM THE DIMER OF ARYLPHENANTHROIMIDAZOLES (1976)

Abstract Die Behandlung des Dimeren (I) mit Äthanol, Diäthylamin oder Essig=‐ säure führt zu den Isoimidazolen (II) und (III), die zu stabilen Imidazolylradikalen dissoziieren.
Analgesic Microneedle Patch for Neuropathic Pain Therapy (2016)

Neuropathic pain caused by nerve injury is debilitating and difficult to treat. Current systemic pharmacological therapeutics for neuropathic pain produce limited pain relief and have undesirable side effects, while current local anesthetics tend to nonspecifically block both sensory and motor functions. Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide released from sensory nerve endings, appears to play a significant role in chronic neuropathic pain. In this study, an analgesic microneedle (AMN) patch was developed using dissolvable microneedles to transdermally deliver selective CGRP antagonist peptide in a painless manner for the treatment of localized neuropathic pain. Local analgesic effects were evaluated in rats by testing behavioral pain sensitivity in response to thermal and mechanical stimuli using neuropathic pain models such as spared-nerve injury and diabetic neuropathy pain, as well as neurogenic inflammatory pain model induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Unlike several conventional therapies, the AMN patches produced effective analgesia on neuropathic pain without disturbing the normal nociception and motor function of the rat, resulting from the high specificity of the delivered peptide against CGRP receptors. The AMN patches did not cause skin irritation or systemic side effects. These results demonstrate that dissolvable microneedle patches delivering CGRP antagonist peptide provide an effective, safe, and simple approach to mitigate neuropathic pain with significant advantages over current treatments.