gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Confinement improvement in the MST reversed field pinch (1995)

Summary form only given. The energy loss in the reversed field pinch (RFP) predominantly results from parallel streaming in a stochastic magnetic field. This stochasticity results from B/spl tilde//B/spl sim/1% magnetic fluctuations which accompany m=1, n/spl sim/2R/a tearing (or resistive kink) instabilities in the plasma core. Major research goals in the MST are to understand fluctuation induced transport and to improve plasma confinement using this understanding. Magnetic fluctuation induced transport in the plasma core is studied during a period of high magnetic activity preceding sawteeth events. The flow dynamics of bulk plasma rotation is examined by measuring Doppler shifts of impurity ions spectral lines. Both, spontaneous and actively driven confinement improvement regimes have been observed. After machine conditioning with solid-target boronization, a high confinement regime, characterized by the absence of sawteeth, spontaneously appears during low-density discharges. Similar improvements result by actively applying a transient auxiliary inductive electric field to the MST plasma. The current density gradient is reduced, the growth of the m=1 tearing fluctuations slows, and the energy confinement time doubles. To sustain and enhance the improved plasma, electrostatic and Rf current drivers are being developed.
Oxidative stress cytotoxicity induced by platinum-doped magnesia nanoparticles in cancer cells (2021)

The aim of this study was to prepare, characterize, and determine the in vitro anticancer effects of platinum-doped magnesia (Pt/MgO) nanoparticles. The chemical compositions, functional groups, and size of nanoparticles were determined using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Pt/MgO nanoparticles were cuboid and in the nanosize range of 30-50 nm. The cytotoxicity of Pt/MgO nanoparticles was determined via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on the human lung and colonic cancer cells (A549 and HT29 respectively) and normal human lung and colonic fibroblasts cells (MRC-5 and CCD-18Co repectively). The Pt/MgO nanoparticles were relatively innocuous to normal cells. Pt/MgO nanoparticles downregulated Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax and p53 tumor suppressor proteins in the cancer cells. Pt/MgO nanoparticles also induced production of reactive oxygen species, decreased cellular glutathione level, and increased lipid peroxidation. Thus, the anticancer effects of Pt/MgO nanoparticles were attributed to the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The study showed the potential of Pt/MgO nanoparticles as an anti-cancer compound.
An in vitro model of the early genetic events in multistage carcinogenesis of malignant insulinoma (1999)

The aim of this study was to establish an in vitro model to confirm earlier observations on the role of the myc/ras oncogenes as promoting factors in the process of normal Langerhans islet beta cell transformation. For that purpose we infected primary mouse Langerhans islets with a recombinant retrovirus containing the v-H-ras and v-myc oncogenes, before or after treatment with transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha). Normal Langerhans islets, when grown in culture, are viable for 2-3 weeks. After treatment with TGFalpha, viability was extended by 10 days, following which islets disintegrated. Langerhans islets transformed with v-H-ras and v-myc became immortal and insulin negative. Single infected beta cells, liberated from a primary islet into the surrounding medium, gave rise to neo islet formation. Moreover, single infected beta cells were able to grow and divide, even without fibroblast support. These results indicate that the myc and ras oncogenes are sufficient for commencement of beta cell transformation and, therefore, could represent 'early events' in the multistep carcinogenesis of insulinomas.
An epidemiologic approach to ecogenetics. (1988)

Although "ecogenetics" seeks to examine genetically mediated differences in susceptibility to environmental agents, researchers often examine the relation between genetic markers and disease without regard to environmental determinants. By using epidemiologic definitions of genotype-environment interaction, it can be shown that the relative risk of disease for the genetic marker is a function of the frequency of exposure to the environmental agent, the strength of interaction between the genotype and the agent, and the specificity of the environmental effect vis-à-vis the genotype. Using examples from the literature, we illustrate under six patterns of genotype-environment interaction that the relative risk associated with the marker can fluctuate markedly. However, with infrequent exposures, the relative risk is close to unity (implying no genetic effect) even in the face of strong genotype-environment interaction. Alternatively, elevated relative risks imply a frequent environmental exposure or a strong pattern of interaction. We suggest that genetic marker-disease associations be evaluated within the context of an epidemiologic study design that considers specific environmental determinants of risk.
Industrial Gas Handbook: Gas Separation and Purification (2007)

Drawing on Frank G. Kerry's more than 60 years of experience as a practicing engineer, the Industrial Gas Handbook: Gas Separation and Purification provides from-the-trenches advice that helps practicing engineers master and advance in the field. It offers detailed discussions and up-to-date approaches to process cycles for cryogenic separation of
Structure of polyethylene after pulse ion beam treatment (1998)

Pulse ion beam treatment was employed for polyethylene (PE) surface modification. Ultraviolet, infrared (IR), IR–attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (IR–ATR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy methods, as well as wetting angle measurement, were used for the analysis of PE structural changes. Theoretical calculations and experimental data showed treated PE surfaces to have a layered structure. It was found that the upper layer contains various products of PE oxidation and the lower layer contains products of PE decomposition, that is, condensed aromatic structures. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1071–1077, 1998
Minimum exact word error training (2005)

In this paper we present the minimum exact word error (exactMWE) training criterion to optimise the parameters of large scale speech recognition systems. The exactMWE criterion is similar to the minimum word error (MWE) criterion, which minimises the expected word error, but uses the exact word error instead of an approximation based on time alignments as used in the MWE criterion. It is shown that the exact word error for all word sequence hypotheses can be represented on a word lattice. This can be accomplished using transducer-based methods. The result is a word lattice of slightly refined topology. The accumulated weights of each path through such a lattice then represent the exact number of word errors for the corresponding word sequence hypothesis. Using this compressed representation of the word error of all word sequences represented in the original lattice, exactMWE can be performed using the same lattice-based re-estimation process as for MWE training. First experiments on the Wall Street Journal dictation task do not show significant differences in recognition performance between exactMWE and MWE at comparable computational complexity and convergence behaviour of the training
Supplementary Table 1 from [<sup>18</sup>F]-3′Deoxy-3′-Fluorothymidine Positron Emission Tomography and Breast Cancer Response to Docetaxel (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 61K, SUV in tumors, average and maximum.&lt;/p&gt;
Coordination Scheduling of Wind-Hydropower Generation and Profit Allocation Based on Shapley Value Method (2020)

The volatility of wind makes the forecasting of wind speed unreliable. The inaccurate forecast in wind speed always leads to generation imbalance and causes Wind Generating Companies’ (WGenCOs) losses in the intrahour market. In contrast to wind power, Hydrogenerating Companies (HGenCOs) can utilize the reservoir volume to settle the fluctuation of water inflow easily. When treated as a specialized Spinning Reserve (SR) unit for wind power, hydropower can help to settle the generation imbalance and obtain more profit in the power market for both power plants. In this paper, the author establishes a coordination scheduling model of wind-hydro alliance which covers the day-ahead market and the intrahour market. First, to evaluate the deviation of the wind-hydro generation in the intrahour market, an imbalance charge rule considering each period of schedule horizon is constructed. Second, the author introduces two parameters to control the resources that hydropower can use to coordinate with wind power. Finally, the author introduces the Shapley value method to allocate the profit of the alliance which comprises several independent entities fairly. For the simulation of uncertainties, the scenario-based approach is used to simulate the water inflow of a reservoir considering the Monte Carlo (MC) method. The wind speed for the intrahour market is forecasted with the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Simulations are implemented, and the results show that when treated as an SR unit for wind power, hydropower can diminish the imbalance charges significantly and will improve the revenue of the wind-hydro alliance. Furthermore, the coordination operation also helps reduce the spillage of the reservoir and the curtailment of the wind power to achieve better utilization of renewable energy.
The first synthesis of the Streptomyces derived antibiotic U-62162 (1998)

U-62162, a member of the manumycin family of antibiotics, has been prepared as a mixture of diastereoisomers and shown to contain a syn-hydroxy epoxide nucleus and a 1,3-syn-disposed dimethyl unit in the upper side chain; the cornerstone of the synthetic route utilises organometallic addition to a monoprotected quinone epoxide—the first time this approach has been successfully employed to prepare a manumycin antibiotic.
Evaluation of reward-relevant learning and memory behavior with operant conditioning task in rats (2012)

Objective To apply reward directed operant conditioning task for learning and memory research in laboratory animals.Methods Sixteen adult male SHR rats and 8 Wistar rats were included in this study.Operant conditioning procedure was used to assess the learning ability of Wistar and SHR rats with magazine training,fixed ratio,signal discrimination and extinction procedure.Results Significant difference was found in magazine training.The SHR rats performed more NP vs.Wistar rats and SHR rats treated with donepezil(P0.05).There was no significant difference during FR1 schedule.While in higher response ratio FR2 and FR4 schedule,the SHR group showed significantly higher error responses(vs.Wistar rat group,P0.05),lower rewards eared(vs.Donepezil-treated SHR rat group,P0.001),and significantly lower correct accuracy rate(vs.Wistar rats and Donepezil-treated SHR rats,P0.05).Significantly higher error responses were found during signal discrimination task(vs.Wistar rats and Donepezil-treated SHR rats,P 0.05),and lower correct accuracy rate(vs.Wistar rats and Donepezil-treated SHR rats,P0.05).No significant difference was found during extinction.Neurotransmitter test showed that the hippocampal content of glutamate [(1.0639±0.07086) mg/g],acetylcholine [(2.7760±0.2609)μg/g] and 5-HT [(1.2200±0.1137)μg/g] were significantly lower in the SHR group(vs.Wistar rat group,P0.05).The content of acetylcholine [(3.9344±0.2747)μg/g] was higher in the Donepezil-treated SHR rats group(vs.Wistar rats,P0.05;vs.SHR rats,P0.001).Conclusions Reward directed operant conditioning is a type of positive reinforced conditioning.This task can be used as a new behavior test method for learning and memory study.
Carrier Aggregation of Three OFDM Signals Using a Single Oscillator and I/Q Modulator (2017)

In this paper, a novel method is presented, which makes carrier aggregation (CA) using a single local oscillator and an in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) modulator, possible. Three component carriers with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing are generated at 2.2, 2.5, and 2.9 GHz to show the feasibility of the method for the worst case scenario that is the interband CA. A special procedure to compensate the I/Q imbalances specific to this method is explained as well. Moreover, according to Nyquist criterion, the signal should have a sampling rate at least twice the signal highest frequency. In this method, the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog converter is significantly reduced, because, the baseband signal is distributed over negative and positive frequencies. In addition, the demodulation process of these frequency-aggregated signals using a three-phase demodulator is explained and experimental results are presented.
Structural chemistry of organotin carboxylates XV. Diorganostannate esters of dicyclohexylammonium hydrogen oxalate. Synthesis, crystal structure and in vitro antitumour activity of bis(dicyclohexyl‐ammonium) bisoxalatodi‐n‐butylstannate and bis(dicyclohexylammonium) μ‐oxalatobis(aquadi‐n‐butyloxalatostannate) (1992)

Abstract Dicyclohexylamine, oxalic acid dihydrate and di‐n‐butyltin oxide were reacted in 2:2:1 or 2:3:2 stoichiometries in ethanol solution to yield, respectively bis(dicyclohexylammonium) bisoxalatodi‐n‐butylstannate (1) and bis(dicyclohexylammonium) μ‐oxalatobis(aquadi‐n‐butyloxalatostannate) (2); the hydrate was also obtained upon recrystallization of 1 from moist acetonitrile solution. The crystal structures of the two ammonium stannates have been determined at room temperature. In 1, the tin atom in the dianion exists in a skewtrapezoidal bipyramidal geometry with the basal plane being defined by two bidentate oxalate ligands; each ligand forms asymmetric SnO bonds [SnO 2.348(4), 2.110(4) Å and 2.112(4), 2.363(4) Å]. The apical sites are occupied by the two organo groups disposed over the weaker SnO bonds. In 2, the two tin centres of the dianion are connected via a tetradentate oxalate ligand situated about a centre of inversion and each tin atom exists in a pentagonal bipyramidal geometry. The pentagonal plane is defined by four oxygen atoms, two from the central ligand [SnO 2.282(4), 2.473(4)Å] and two from a ‘terminal’ oxalate ligand [SnO 2.239(4), 2.210(4)Å], and the fifth site is occupied by a water molecule of crystallization [SnO 2.422(4)Å]; the apical sites are filled by the n‐butyl groups. Both compounds feature extended hydrogen‐bonded networks involving the oxygen atoms of the dianion and the N‐bound hydrogen atoms. Crystals of 1 are monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / n , with cell dimensions a = 13.408(3), b = 22.461(4), c = 13.996(2)Å, β = 100.97(2) ° ; full‐matrix least‐squares refinement on 3305 reflections with I ≥2.5σ( I ) converged to R = 0.042 and R w = 0.046. Crystals of 2 are monoclinic, space group P 2 1 /n, a = 13.729(3), b = 14.694(2), c = 14.889(2)Å, β = 104.83(2) º ; refinement on 2093 reflections converged to R = 0.030 and R w = 0.031. The two di‐n‐butylstannates were screened in vitro against the mammary MCF‐7 and WiDr colon carcinoma cell lines, and were found to be as active as cisplatin, a clinically used antineoplastic drug.
A novel thermostable alkaline histamine oxidase from Glutamicibacter sp. N1A3101, induced by histamine and its analogue betahistine (2020)

Biogenic amines (BAs) are low molecular weight organic bases formed by natural amino acids decarboxylation and trigger an array of toxicological effects in humans and animals. Bacterial amine oxidases enzymes are determined as practical tools to implement the rapid quantification of BAs in foods. Our study set out to obtain a new efficient, amine oxidase enzyme for developing new enzyme-based quantification of histamine. The soils from different sources were screened using histamine as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, and histamine oxidase producing bacteria were selected and identified using specific primers for histamine oxidase (HOD) gene. The HOD gene of six strains, out of 26 isolated histamine-utilizing bacteria, were amplified using our designed primers. The HOD enzyme from Glutamicibacter sp. N1A3101, isolated from nettle soil, was found to be thermostable and showed the highest substrate specificity toward the histamine and with no detected activity in the presence of putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, and spermidine. Its oxidation activity toward tyramine was lower than other HOD reported so far. The isolated enzyme was stable at 60 °C for 30 min and showed pH stability ranging from 6 to 9. Furthermore, we indicated the induction of identified HOD activity in the presence of betahistine as well, with nearly equal efficiency and without the consumption of the substrate.
Total-internal reflection elastic metasurfaces: design and application (2023)

An acoustic shield for protecting a vibrational sensitive device includes a first unit cell and a second unit cell. The first unit cell includes a first locally resonant unit. The first locally resonant unit controls a first phase gradient and the first unit cell includes a first surface. The second unit cell includes a second surface proximate to the first surface. The second unit cell includes a second locally resonant unit embedded along the second interface. The second locally resonant unit controls a second phase gradient. The first phase gradient is different from the second phase gradient. The first unit cell and the second unit cell comprise a super cell. The acoustic shield is configured such that a vibrational wave from a first side of the super cell to a second side of the super cell is substantially attenuated.
Effect of the lysophospholipid analogues edelfosine, ilmofosine and miltefosine against Leishmania amazonensis (2004)

The alkylglycerophosphocholines edelfosine and ilmofosine were more active than the alkylphosphocholine miltefosine against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of L. amazonensis, and ultrastructural and flow cytometry data indicate the mitochondrion as a target of edelfosine.
Mechanical and chemical activation of muscle satellite cells is perturbed in normal aged mice (2009)

Age‐related muscle atrophy and the importance of satellite cells in muscle maintenance, growth and repair led us to examine the effects of mechanical stretch, nitric oxide (NO), and age on satellite cell (SC) activation and gene expression in normal young and old mice. Baseline variables (body mass, muscle mass, fiber cross‐sectional area (CSA), muscle strength, SC population, stretch activation and gene expression) were obtained from normal C57/BL6 mice at 3, 6, 8, 12 and 18 months‐of‐age. Activation was assayed by 3H‐thymidine incorporation into extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles isolated for culture with (S) or without stretching (US). In a second experiment, muscle from 8‐ and 18‐month old mice was treated with one or more of: stretch, L‐Arginine (LA); NO‐donors (isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and MyoNovin (MN) a new formulation); Nω‐nitro‐L‐Arginine methyl ester (LN). EDL muscles from 6‐month‐old mice required a greater stretch stimulus (20% vs. 10% length increase) than EDL from younger mice to increase SC activation. Stretch did not increase SC activation in mice older than 6 months‐of‐age. NO from either endogenous (LA) or exogenous (ISDN, MN) NO donors increased SC activation by stretch in 8‐ but not 18‐mo‐old EDLs. Perturbed sensitivity to mechanical stimulation and NO in 18‐mo‐old mice may partly explain loss of muscle mass, fiber CSA, relative grip strength and SC pool size with age. Similar to dystrophic muscle, a disrupted dystrophin‐glycoprotein complex and subsequent alteration in NO availability may affect the ability of native satellite cells to maintain or effectively regenerate aged muscle. Grant Funding Source Canadian Space Agency Life Sciences
A rapid method for the preparation of single-cell suspensions from solid tissues (1998)

A simple and rapid methodology for the preparation of single-cell suspension from animal tissues is described. It uses a device called a "tissue press" to mince the tissue into small pieces of desired sizes which are then dissociated into single cells using a pipette. The device is inexpensive and the method economizes time and labor. An example of its use in DNA double-strand breaks study, using microgel electrophoresis, is described.
Expression of mRNA encoding the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (c-fms) is controlled by a constitutive promoter and tissue-specific transcription elongation. (1993)

The gene encoding the receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), the c-fms protooncogene, is selectively expressed in immature and mature mononuclear phagocytes and trophoblasts. Exon 1 is expressed only in trophoblasts. Isolation and sequencing of genomic DNA flanking exon 2 of the murine c-fms gene revealed a TATA-less promoter with significant homology to human c-fms. Reverse transcriptase primer extension analysis using exon 2 primers identified multiple clustered transcription initiation sites. Their position was confirmed by RNase protection. The same primer extension products were detected in equal abundance from macrophage or nonmacrophage sources of RNA. c-fms mRNA is acutely down-regulated in primary macrophages by CSF-1, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Each of these agents reduced the abundance of c-fms RNA detectable by primer extension using an exon 3 primer without altering the abundance of presumptive short c-fms transcripts detected with exon 2 primers. Primer extension analysis with an intron 2 primer detected products at greater abundance in nonmacrophages. Templates detected with the intronic primer were induced in macrophages by LPS, PMA, and CSF-1, suggesting that each of the agents caused a shift from full-length c-fms mRNA production to production of unspliced, truncated transcripts. The c-fms promoter functioned constitutively in the RAW264 macrophage cell line, the B-cell line MOPC.31C, and several nonhematopoietic cell lines. Macrophage-specific expression and responsiveness to selective repression by LPS and PMA was achieved by the incorporation of intron 2 into the c-fms promoter-reporter construct. The results suggest that expression of the c-fms gene in macrophages is controlled by sequences in intron 2 that act by regulating transcription elongation.