gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solar-Blind Photodetectors for Harsh Electronics (2013)

We demonstrate solar-blind photodetectors (PDs) by employing AlN thin films on Si(100) substrates with excellent temperature tolerance and radiation hardness. Even at a bias higher than 200 V the AlN PDs on Si show a dark current as low as ~ 1 nA. The working temperature is up to 300°C and the radiation tolerance is up to 10(13) cm(-2) of 2-MeV proton fluences for AlN metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) PDs. Moreover, the AlN PDs show a photoresponse time as fast as ~ 110 ms (the rise time) and ~ 80 ms (the fall time) at 5 V bias. The results demonstrate that AlN MSM PDs hold high potential in next-generation deep ultraviolet PDs for use in harsh environments.
Epigenetic Changes in Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells Influence the Inflammatory Phenotype and Alter Wound Healing in Type 2 Diabetes (2014)

Classically activated (M1) macrophages are known to play a role in the development of chronic inflammation associated with impaired wound healing in type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the mechanism responsible for the dominant proinflammatory (M1) macrophage phenotype in T2D wounds is unknown. Since epigenetic enzymes can direct macrophage phenotypes, we assessed the role of histone methylation in bone marrow (BM) stem/progenitor cells in the programming of macrophages toward a proinflammatory phenotype. We have found that a repressive histone methylation mark, H3K27me3, is decreased at the promoter of the IL-12 gene in BM progenitors and this epigenetic signature is passed down to wound macrophages in a murine model of glucose intolerance (diet-induced obese). These epigenetically "preprogrammed" macrophages result in poised macrophages in peripheral tissue and negatively impact wound repair. We found that in diabetic conditions the H3K27 demethylase Jmjd3 drives IL-12 production in macrophages and that IL-12 production can be modulated by inhibiting Jmjd3. Using human T2D tissue and murine models, we have identified a previously unrecognized mechanism by which macrophages are programmed toward a proinflammatory phenotype, establishing a pattern of unrestrained inflammation associated with nonhealing wounds. Hence, histone demethylase inhibitor-based therapy may represent a novel treatment option for diabetic wounds.
[Low rectal cancer: therapeutic options and clinical experience of a single center]. (2011)

We believe that total mesorectal resection, even associated with sphincter preserving procedures, such as intersphincteric resection, in case of very low rectal tumours, can also be performed by laparoscopic approach with the same oncological and surgical principles of open surgery. However it is necessary to have broad based studies and randomised clinical trials in order to confirm the safety of such procedure and the results obtained.
EXTENDED RANGE FORECAST OF ATLANTIC SEASONAL HURRICANE ACTIVITY AND U.S. LANDFALL STRIKE PROBABILITY FOR 2008 (2008)

Information obtained through March 2009 indicates that the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season will have about as much activity as the average 1950-2000 season. We estimate that 2009 will have about 6 hurricanes (average is 5.9), 12 named storms (average is 9.6), 55 named storm days (average is 49.1), 25 hurricane days (average is 24.5), 2 intense (Category 3-4-5) hurricanes (average is 2.3) and 5 intense hurricane days (average is 5.0). The probability of U.S. major hurricane landfall is estimated to be about 105 percent of the long-period average. We expect Atlantic basin Net Tropical Cyclone (NTC) activity in 2009 to be approximately 105 percent of the long-term average. We have decreased our seasonal forecast from early December. This forecast is based on an extended-range early April statistical prediction scheme that utilizes 58 years of past data. Analog predictors are also utilized. The influence of El Nino conditions is implicit in these predictor fields, and therefore we do not utilize a specific ENSO forecast as a predictor. We expect current weak La Nina conditions to transition to neutral and perhaps weak El Nino conditions by this year’s hurricane season. If El Nino conditions develop for this year’s hurricane season, it would tend to increase levels of vertical wind shear and decrease levels of Atlantic hurricane activity. Another reason for our forecast reduction is due to anomalous cooling of sea surface temperatures in the tropical Atlantic. Cooler waters are associated with dynamic and thermodynamic factors that are less conducive for an active Atlantic hurricane season.
Efficient separation and purification of anthocyanins from saskatoon berry by using low transition temperature mixtures (2016)

Separation of anthocyanins from saskatoon berry by using low transition temperature mixtures.
Generation of microbubbles for diagnostic and therapeutic applications using a novel device (2008)

Developments in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications of microbubbles have greatly increased the need for more advanced preparation technologies which provide a well-defined, narrow microbubble size-distribution. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a new device, consisting of a T-junction whose outlet capillary is fitted with an electrohydrodynamic spraying arrangement, to prepare phospholipid-coated air microbubbles, making significant advances in controlling and decreasing the size and size-distribution, and increasing the stability/lifetime of the bubbles prepared. The microbubbles were characterised via optical microscopy to determine the relationship between the size-distribution obtained and the process variables, specifically the flow rates of the phospholipid suspension and air (Q(l) and Q(g)), and the applied voltage (V). The formation of microbubbles in the device was also studied using high-speed photography. For the range of parameters investigated, the bubble diameter was found to scale with the product of the flow rate ratio (Q(l)/Q(g)) and the applied voltage, with a consistent bubble diameter of 5.1 +/- 2 microm being obtained at Q(l)/Q(g) = 1.7 and V = 18 kV. The bubbles prepared using this method were found to be stable for at least 2 h at ambient temperature and pressure.
Novel Silicone Polymeric Material with High Thermal Stability for Optical Waveguides (2002)

The optical loss and refractive index controllability of a novel silicone ladder copolymer (polyvinylphenylsilsesquioxane: PVSQ) were studied with respect to the application of the copolymer to optoelectronic components. PVSQ copolymers were prepared from trichlorophenylsilane and trichloro (vinyl) silane in the various mol ratios. They had a ladder structure consisting of siloxane bonds as the main chain and phenyl groups or vinyl groups as the side chain. PVSQ demonstrated excellent transparency at the wavelengths used in optical communication, 0.6–1.7 µm. The optical losses of PVSQ with 5 mol% vinyl group content in the side chain, were 0.99 and 1.05 dB/cm at the wavelengths of 1.30 and 1.55 µm, respectively. The in-plane refractive index of the polymers at 0.65 µm could be controlled to between 1.558 and 1.466 by changing the contents of phenyl groups and vinyl groups in the side chain. The out-of-plane refractive index could also be controlled to between 1.562 and 1.466. The thermal decomposition temperature of PVSQ, defined as that at which 10% weight loss occurred in N2 atmosphere, decreased with increasing vinyl group content, but all still showed decomposition temperatures above 500°C, ensuring sufficient thermal stability for polymer waveguide applications. Furthermore, the correlation between the vinyl group content and the refractive indices of the PVSQ polymers were discussed based on results of the molecular orbital (MO) calculations. The MO calculations were found to be useful for qualitative estimation of the change in the refractive index of compounds with a systematic derivative structure, such as PVSQ polymers.
Diels‐Alder Reaction of Cyclopenta‐1,3‐diene and Anthracene to bis‐Fumarates Derived from Menthol Analogues (2019)

Abstract Due to steric interactions of the overly bulky substituted 8‐position, the classic 8‐Ph‐menthol (‐)‐ 1 d is not the optimal chiral auxiliary for the asymmetric Diels‐Alder reaction of its bis fumarate (‐)‐ 2 d to dienes such as cyclopenta‐1,3‐diene 3 b , or anthracene 3 c . This prosthetic group (‐)‐ 1 d could efficiently be replaced by an intermediate smaller analog (‐)‐ 1 e , readily prepared in a single step by cyclopropanation of isopulegol (‐)‐ 1 b . This latter auxiliary, resulting from the industrial technology developed by Takasago for menthol (‐)‐ 1 a , does not necessitate the stereoselective ketone reduction and chromatographic separation of the usual Michael adducts, derived from (+)‐pulegone. This chiral auxiliary (‐)‐ 1 e , never used as an asymmetric Diels‐Alder promoter, is much more selective than menthol (‐)‐ 1 a itself, under uncatalyzed conditions, and is also more stable than the polymerizable isopulegyl derived dienophiles, under Lewis acid mediated conditions. This prosthetic group thus readily allows large scale operations in both accessible enantiomeric series.
A 2.4-GHz monolithic fractional-N frequency synthesizer with robust phase-switching prescaler and loop capacitance multiplier (2003)

The design of a 2.4-GHz fully integrated ΣΔ fractional-N frequency synthesizer in a 0.35-μm CMOS process is presented. The design focuses on the prescaler and the loop filter, which are often the speed and the integration bottlenecks of the phase-locked loop (PLL), respectively. A 1.5-V 3-mW inherently glitch-free phase-switching prescaler is proposed. It is based on eight lower frequency 45°-spaced phases and a reversed phase-switching sequence. The large integrating capacitor in the loop filter was integrated on chip via a simple capacitance multiplier that saves silicon area, consumes only 0.2 mW, and introduces negligible noise. The synthesizer has a 9.4% frequency tuning range from 2.23 to 2.45 GHz. It dissipates 16 mW and takes an active area of 0.35 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> excluding the 0.5-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> digital ΣΔ modulator.
A Chopped Electron Beam Driver for H-Type Cavities (2000)

The acceleration of heavy ions with H-type structures is usually powered by tube driven rf transmitters. These are limited to about 1 MW in pulsed operation and at frequencies above 200 MHz. This paper reports about an rf amplifier development, which should allow to improve the rf power level as well as the reliability significantly. An electron beam is directly coupled with one girder of an H-type structure by a two gap-array. In contrast to the bunch formation in klystrons a chopper technique is applied to get reasonable mechanical dimensions for the amplifier at frequencies below 400 MHz. A high perveance beam from a pierce-type electron gun is chopped in two steps by passage along the magnetic field of a solenoid and superposition of a transverse rf electric field (two harmonics) and of a transverse electrostatic field, respectively. The deflected particles are dumped in a depressed collector while the penetrating electron bunch may be post-accelerated additionally before entering the H-type cavity. MAFIA-PIC-code simulations have demonstrated the efficiency of the suggested chopper array and have allowed to improve the design of this key element.
Enabling olefin metathesis on proteins: chemical methods for installation of S-allyl cysteine (2009)

Multiple, complementary methods are reported for the chemical conversion of cysteine to S-allyl cysteine on protein surfaces, a useful transformation for the exploration of olefin metathesis on proteins.
Developments in floating zone silicon crystal growth. (1995)

In this paper, the influence of the inductor design on the heat distribution in the growing floating zone silicon crystal is shown. Especially for the inductor profile and the slot width qualitative and quantitative results are given.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Increased Serotonin Transporter Expression in Huntington’s Disease Patients Is Not Consistently Replicated in Murine Models (2019)

We found that SERT protein, but not mRNA is markedly increased in grade 4 HD patient striatal tissue. These findings suggest posttranscriptional or translational SERT dysregulation as a possible etiologic factor modulating psychopathology in HD. Interestingly, SERT expression is variable in mouse models of the disease. Increased SERT levels are demonstrated in the brain of CAG140 mice, a full-length knock-in mouse model of the disease, but not in the striatum of the R6/2 fragment murine model of the disease. Based on this parameter, the CAG140 huntingtin knock-in mouse model is more suitable than the R6/2 model for the study of serotonergic pathway pathology in Huntington's disease.
EFFECT OF THE DIFFERENCE OF EXERCISE INTENSITY ON THE CHANGES IN AMMONIA AND OXYPURINES (1988)

We investigated the effect of the difference of exercise intensity on the changes in ammonia and oxypurines (hypoxanthine·xanthine) . The subjects were 7 male university students who belonged to the Judo club. By using a bicycle ergometer with the same total work load (kpm), they performed following exercise : light exercise (27.1±0.8% HRmax), moderate exercise (72.6±2.5% HRmax) and exhaustive exercise. After light exercise, blood ammonia, serum oxypurines and urinary oxypurines excretion did not increase. Urinary uric acid excertion increased significantly, but serum uric acid decreased slightly. After moderate exercise, the significant increase was observed with blood ammonia (+ 35.3±5.9μmol/l) . Urinary oxypurines excretion also increased significantly, while serum oxypurines did not change. Also, serum uric acid rose slightly. After exhaustive exercise, the significant increase was observed with blood ammonia, serum oxypurines and serum uric acid. Each peak level and appearance time were +67.2±15.1μmol/l after 3 min, +31.4±7.6μmol/l after 30 min, 155.7±39.9μmol/l after 1 hr of exercise, respectively. These results suggest that AMP deamination occur during moderate intensity, while remarkable production of oxypurines which lead the increase of serum uric acid occur in higher exercise intensity.
Chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary gland masquerading as bilateral nasal polypi—report of a case (1974)

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Osteological, Biomolecular and Geochemical Examination of an Early Anglo-Saxon Case of Lepromatous Leprosy (2015)

We have examined a 5th to 6th century inhumation from Great Chesterford, Essex, UK. The incomplete remains are those of a young male, aged around 21-35 years at death. The remains show osteological evidence of lepromatous leprosy (LL) and this was confirmed by lipid biomarker analysis and ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis, which provided evidence for both multi-copy and single copy loci from the Mycobacterium leprae genome. Genotyping showed the strain belonged to the 3I lineage, but the Great Chesterford isolate appeared to be ancestral to 3I strains found in later medieval cases in southern Britain and also continental Europe. While a number of contemporaneous cases exist, at present, this case of leprosy is the earliest radiocarbon dated case in Britain confirmed by both aDNA and lipid biomarkers. Importantly, Strontium and Oxygen isotope analysis suggest that the individual is likely to have originated from outside Britain. This potentially sheds light on the origins of the strain in Britain and its subsequent spread to other parts of the world, including the Americas where the 3I lineage of M. leprae is still found in some southern states of America.
Histidine triad nucleotide‐binding proteins HINT1 and HINT2 share similar substrate specificities and little affinity for the signaling dinucleotide Ap4A (2020)

Human histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2 (hHINT2) is an important player in human mitochondrial bioenergetics, but little is known about its catalytic capabilities or its nucleotide phosphoramidate prodrug (proTide)-activating activity akin to the cytosolic isozyme hHINT1. Here, a similar substrate specificity profile (k<sub>cat</sub> /K<sub>m</sub> ) for model phosphoramidate substrates was found for hHINT2 but with higher k<sub>cat</sub> and K<sub>m</sub> values when compared with hHINT1. A broader pH range for maximum catalytic activity was determined for hHINT2 (pK<sub>1</sub> = 6.76 ± 0.16, pK<sub>2</sub> = 8.41 ± 0.07). In addition, the known hHINT1-microphthalmia-inducing transcription factor-regulating molecule Ap<sub>4</sub> A was found to have no detectable binding to HINT1 nor HINT2 by isothermal titration calorimetry. These results demonstrate that despite differences in their sequence and localization, HINT1 and HINT2 have similar nucleotide substrate specificities, which should be considered in future proTide design and in studies of their natural function.
Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy with interruption of hepatic artery (2003)

Six patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma were received percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) during interruption of hepatic artery. After the tumor was detected by angiogram and angio-CT, patients received one to several times of PMCT with 60W and 60 seconds under intravenous anesthesia or epidural anesthesia. In only one patient, abdominal bleeding and right hemothorax were observed though she was conservatively recovered. There were no serious complications in laboratory data. We had complete tumor necrosis, and complete response in all 6 cases. The serum level of alfa-fetoprotein was normalized in 4 patients, and reduced markedly in other patients. PMCT was very useful for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Extraction and Characterization of "Chrome-Free" Protein from Chromium-Containing Collagenous Waste Generated in the Leather Industry (1994)

In the United States, almost 56,000 metric tons of chromium-containing solid waste are generated by the leather industry each year, and approximately ten times this amount is generated worldwide. Environmental concerns and escalating landfill costs are becoming increasingly serious problems to the leather industry and alternative disposal methods are needed. We have developed a process in which this waste is first treated with alkali to extract a high molecular weight gelable collagen protein. The sludge that remains is further treated with enzymes to recover a lower molecular weight protein hydrolyzate and a recyclable chromium product. The recovered protein fractions, practically devoid of chromium, could be used in a wide range of products, including adhesives, cosmetics, films, animal feed and fertilizer. The isolated chromium can be chemically treated and recycled into the tanning process.
Chemistry-mediated Ostwald ripening in carbon-rich C/O systems at extreme conditions (2022)

There is significant interest in establishing a capability for tailored synthesis of next-generation carbon-based nanomaterials due to their broad range of applications and high degree of tunability. High pressure (e.g., shockwave-driven) synthesis holds promise as an effective discovery method, but experimental challenges preclude elucidating the processes governing nanocarbon production from carbon-rich precursors that could otherwise guide efforts through the prohibitively expansive design space. Here we report findings from large scale atomistically-resolved simulations of carbon condensation from C/O mixtures subjected to extreme pressures and temperatures, made possible by machine-learned reactive interatomic potentials. We find that liquid nanocarbon formation follows classical growth kinetics driven by Ostwald ripening (i.e., growth of large clusters at the expense of shrinking small ones) and obeys dynamical scaling in a process mediated by carbon chemistry in the surrounding reactive fluid. The results provide direct insight into carbon condensation in a representative system and pave the way for its exploration in higher complexity organic materials. They also suggest that simulations using machine-learned interatomic potentials could eventually be employed as in-silico design tools for new nanomaterials.
A novel JK null allele in a Brazilian patient with sickle cell disease (SCD) (2019)

The authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest.
ACOUSTIC-TURF: Acoustic-based Privacy-Preserving COVID-19 Contact Tracing (2020)

In this paper, we propose a new privacy-preserving, automated contact tracing system, ACOUSTIC-TURF, to fight COVID-19 using acoustic signals sent from ubiquitous mobile devices. At a high level, ACOUSTIC-TURF adaptively broadcasts inaudible ultrasonic signals with randomly generated IDs in the vicinity. Simultaneously, the system receives other ultrasonic signals sent from nearby (e.g., 6 feet) users. In such a system, individual user IDs are not disclosed to others and the system can accurately detect encounters in physical proximity with 6-foot granularity. We have implemented a prototype of ACOUSTIC-TURF on Android and evaluated its performance in terms of acoustic-signal-based encounter detection accuracy and power consumption at different ranges and under various occlusion scenarios. Experimental results show that ACOUSTIC-TURF can detect multiple contacts within a 6-foot range for mobile phones placed in pockets and outside pockets. Furthermore, our acoustic-signal-based system achieves greater precision than wireless-signal-based approaches when contact tracing is performed through walls. ACOUSTIC-TURF correctly determines that people on opposite sides of a wall are not in contact with one another, whereas the Bluetooth-based approaches detect nonexistent contacts among them.
Computational Modelling of Flow in Idealised and Realistic Airway Bifurcations (2004)

Understanding of the flow of air and particles in the lung is essential to the success of pulmonary drug delivery. The main objective of this work is to characterize the flow in a single geometrically realistic tracheobronchial bifurcation by computational methods. Much research to date (e.g. Comer et al [1]) is based on idealised geometry put forward by Weibel [2]. Another aim of this project, therefore, is to compare observed flows in realistic and idealised geometries in order to evaluate the validity of the simplified models. A computational model of a realistic geometry was generated using images obtained from the Visible Human data set (Banvard [3]), which comprises a three-dimensional anatomical picture of a human cadaver. Extracts from this data set were used with image processing and surface modelling software to generate a geometric description of a 4th generation bifurcation. The geometry of the idealised model is based on the Weibel model A. The unsteady flow of air through the bifurcation was then modelled computationally. A general purpose computational fluid dynamics package, CFX5®, was used to predict the entire three-dimensional unsteady flow field inside the bifurcation. It was assumed that the airflow was unsteady, incompressible and laminar at the location of the 4th generation airway in the lung. Computations were carried out for a Reynolds number of 510 (based on the average velocity in the parent branch of the bifurcation). The walls of the airway were assumed to be rigid. Computational results for air flow highlight the complex flow structure in the realistic geometry, and indicate major discrepancies between realistic and idealised geometry models.