gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Transformation of Precursors into Nanoslabs in the Early Stages of MFI and MEL Zeolite Formation from TPAOH−TEOS−H2O and TBAOH−TEOS−H2O Mixtures (1999)

The formation of silicate particles upon gradual addition of TEOS to concentrated TPAOH and TBAOH solutions, and upon dilution with water and aging, was studied with in situ X-ray scattering (XRS) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The samples for the GPC analyses were obtained by extraction of the particles from solution via a sequence of acidification with HCl, salting out with NaCl, and phase transfer into tetrahydrofuran. XRS and GPC reveal the presence of populations of particles with discrete sizes and number molecular weights, respectively, growing through aggregation. The entities forming in TPAOH are identified on the basis of their size and number molecular weight relationships with species previously identified in these suspensions by 29Si NMR and other independent techniques. A mathematical expression for the X-ray scattering function is derived for particles with slab shape. When dimensions of 1.3 × 4.0 × 4.0 nm, corresponding to the nanoslab with MFI structure, or integer multiples of them are assumed, the derived function resembles the measured intensity pattern in shape and position. The observed scattering at 6.6° 2θ at very early stages is assigned to a trimer of tetracyclic undecamer. All larger particles including the nanoslab observed by XRS and GPC are multiples of this trimer. The evolution of the system in TBAOH also obeys a stacking sequence of particles of the same size, number and molecular weights, although the kinetics are totally different. Up to the formation of nanoblocks, TBAOH and TPAOH affect the reaction mixture in a very similar way, indicating that the first molecular steps in the early stages of formation of MFI and MEL zeolite structures in these systems are very similar. The nanoslabs representing a specific fragment of MFI or MEL structures have channel intersections which are at least to two sides open and contain TPA or TBA molecules, respectively. The surface of these Silicalite-1 and -2 fragments is decorated on the ac and bc planes with alkyl groups sticking out of the surface. In nanoslabs with TBA, unfavorable template−template interaction suppresses aggregation along a and b. The final product is a “double” nanoslab, probably connected along the later c direction of the MEL structure in which there is only a very small repulsion of the butyl chains. TPA favors particle aggregation to give larger particles measuring up to 15.6 × 8 × 8 nm, even at room temperature.
Growth and population size of crayfish in headwater streams: individual‐ and higher‐level consequences of acidification (2004)

Summary 1. Environmental stress may have indirect positive effects on population size through modification of food‐web interactions, despite having negative effects on individuals. Here we evaluate the individual‐ and population‐level effects of acidification on crayfish ( Cambarus bartonii ) in headwater streams of the Allegheny Plateau (PA, U.S.A.) with field experiments and survey data. Median baseflow pH of 24 study reaches in nine streams varied from 4.4 to 7.4, with substantial variation found both among and within streams. 2. Two bioassays were conducted to evaluate the relationship between stream pH and crayfish growth rates. Growth rates were always higher in circumneutral reaches than in acidic reaches. Crayfish originating in acidic water grew less when transplanted into neutral water than did crayfish originating in neutral water, providing some evidence for a cost of acclimation to acidity. 3. Stream surveys showed that fish were less abundant and crayfish more abundant in acidified streams than in circumneutral streams. Crayfish density was sixfold higher in reaches with the lowest pH relative to circumneutral reaches. Large crayfish made up a higher proportion of crayfish populations at sites with high fish biomass, consistent with the hypothesis that fish predation on small individuals may be limiting crayfish population size at these sites. 4. Although individual crayfish suffered lower growth in acidified streams, increased acidity appeared to cause an increase in crayfish population size and shifts in size structure, possibly by relieving predation pressure by fish.
Principle-Based Internal Fixation of Distal Humerus Fractures (2001)

Sanchez-Sotelo, Joaquin M.D., Ph.D.; Torchia, Michael E. M.D.; O'Driscoll, Shawn W. M.D., Ph.D. Author Information
Loop-shaped distributed learning of an object with data-independent performance certificates (2022)

This paper addresses distributed learning of object shapes using multiple robots, and proposes a systematic design procedure for distributed optimization algorithms with data-independent performance certificates. We start with formulating the object shape learning as a distributed classification problem based on so-called kernel method. A distributed algorithm, continuous-time alternating direction method of multipliers, is then applied to the problem, wherein poor transient performances are observed. To improve the performance, we reformulate the classification problem so that singular values of sub-blocks in the algorithm are appropriately scaled. We then propose a systematic design procedure of the algorithm based on the concept of loop-shaping. The procedure is further extended so that the performance is independent of the data, and its effectiveness is verified through a numerical example. The proposed method is finally demonstrated through simulation on a high fidelity simulator.
Theory of the Raman spectrum of rotated double-layer graphene (2013)

We study theoretically the Raman spectrum of the rotated double-layer graphene, consisting of two graphene layers rotated with respect to each other by an arbitrary angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$. We find a relatively simple dependence of the Raman $G$ peak intensity on the angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$. On the other hand, the Raman $2D$ peak position, intensity, and width show a much more complicated dependence on the angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$. We account for all of these effects, including dependence on the incoming photon energy, in good agreement with the experimental data. We find that it is sufficient to include the interaction between the graphene layers on the electronic degrees of freedom (resulting in the occurrence of Van Hove singularities in the density of states). We assume that the phonon degrees of freedom are unaffected by the interaction between the layers. Furthermore, we decompose the Raman $2D$ peak into two components having very different linewidths; these widths are almost independent of the angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$. The change in the intensity and the peak position of one of these two components gives insight into the dependence of the overall Raman $2D$ peak features as a function of the angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$. Furthermore, we study the influence of the coherence on the Raman signal, and we separately study the influence of the interaction between the layers on the electron wave functions and energies. Additionally, we show regions in the phonon spectrum giving rise to the Raman $2D$ peak signal. This work provides an insight into the interplay between the mechanical degree of freedom (angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$) and the electronic degrees of freedom (singularities in the density of states) in rotated double-layer graphene. Additionally, this work provides a way to establish experimentally the value of the rotation angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$ using Raman spectroscopy measurement. This procedure becomes even more robust if one repeats the Raman spectroscopy measurement with a different incoming photon energy.
Variable Speed Wind Energy System Based on a Synchronous Generator with a Three Level Inverter. (2017)

The aim of this paper is to show the application of a three level inverter as a grid interface for a variable speed wind energy conversion system. New megawatt wind turbines demand for the connection at higher voltage levels. Multilevel level inverters provide the solution for connecting these wind turbines at voltages over 1 kV. A variable speed wind energy conversion system based on a synchronous generator with a three level inverter has been completely modelled. Then, the dynamic performance of this wind energy conversion system has been studied by simulation. The simulation results show the appropriate behaviour of this system.
Nerve Growth Factor Receptors and Signaling in Breast Cancer (2004)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) has long been known for its effects on neuronal cell survival and differentiation. This prototypical neurotrophic factor stimulates neurons through two distinct classes of membrane receptors: the TrkA tyrosine kinase receptor, and the tumor necrosis factor receptor family member p75NTR, also known as the common neurotrophin receptor. Somewhat surprisingly, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that NGF is also a major stimulator of breast cancer cell growth. Both the survival and proliferation of breast cancer cells are strongly stimulated by NGF, mediated by TrkA and p75NTR respectively, utilising signaling pathways similar to those described for neurons. In addition, although NGF is produced by breast cancer cells, it is not in normal breast epithelial cells, giving rise to an autocrine stimulation of tumor growth. Therefore, NGF receptors and signaling are thus looking increasingly promising as potential drug targets for breast cancer.
Portfolio Selection Based on Bayesian Theory (2019)

The traditional portfolio selection model seriously overestimates its theoretic optimal return. Aiming at this problem, two portfolio selection models are proposed to modify the parameters and enhance portfolio performance based on Bayesian theory. Firstly, a Bayesian‐GARCH(1,1) model is built. Secondly, Markov Chain is applied to curve the parameters’ state transfer, and a Bayesian Markov regime‐Switching‐GARCH(1,1) model is constructed. Both the two models can handle the overestimation problem and can obtain self‐financing portfolios. In the numerical experiments, both the models are examined with data from China stock market, and their performances are compared and analyzed. The results show that BMS‐GARCH(1,1) model is superior to the Bayesian‐GARCH(1,1) model.
Health-related quality of life and patient-reported outcomes of ofatumumab plus fludarabine and cyclophosphamide versus fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in the COMPLEMENT 2 trial of patients with relapsed CLL (2016)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable disease. Quality of life during treatment and periods of subsequent remission is therefore vital. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was compared in relapsed CLL during and after treatment with ofatumumab combined with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide versus fludarabine and cyclophosphamide alone. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 v3 and QLQ-CLL16 were used to assess HRQoL in this open-label, phase 3 study. Improvements in prespecified domains of patient-reported outcomes (Global Health Status [GHS]/HRQoL and B symptom scores) were recorded in both treatment arms after three cycles and were sustained after 18 months of follow-up. The two treatment arms were not significantly different at the nominal 0.05 level for GHS/HRQoL (p = .7278) or B symptoms (p = .5968). Small improvements in quality of life were maintained after therapy. The addition of ofatumumab was without any adverse impact on HRQoL (NCT00824265).
ChemInform Abstract: A Variety of Products from a “Simple” Reaction of [1‐(6‐Acetyl‐2‐naphthyl)piperidin‐4‐yl]methyl 4‐Methylbenzenesulfonate with Nucleophiles in DMF—K2CO3. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of alveolar oxygen on pulmonary vasoconstriction in newborn lambs versus sheep. (1985)

Fetal lung has vigorous hypoxic vasoconstriction and is exposed continuously to an O2 tension less than 20 mmHG, which is well below that experienced by adult lungs. We wondered if the newborn lamb, with muscular arteries similar to the fetus, might not have a different O2 tension for developing alveolar hypoxic vasoconstriction in addition to having stronger vasoconstriction than the less muscular adult lung. Therefore, regional hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in newborn lambs (mean of 5 days) and adult sheep (older than 2 yr) was compared at graded levels of alveolar oxygen tension. Animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital, and each main bronchus was cannulated to allow ventilation of one lung with N2 or other O2/N2 mixtures as a "hypoxic" challenge while ventilation of the other lung with O2 maintained systemic oxygenation. Distribution of perfusion to the 2 lungs during bilateral O2 ventilation was first determined with 13N and a positron camera. The lambs significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased the distribution of perfusion to the test lung compared with O2 control (PAO2, 620 +/- 15) by 44 +/- 1% SEM with PAO2 of 22 +/- 1 mmHg, 22 +/- 3% with PAO2 of 96 +/- 1 mmHg, and 12 +/- 2% with PAO2 of 360 +/- 3 mmHg in contrast to the sheep that significantly decreased the distribution of perfusion to the test lung compared with O2 control distribution of perfusion by only 22% at a PAO2 of 19 +/- 2 mmHg and not at higher alveolar O2 tensions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Supplementary Figure 1 from The ATM Substrate KAP1 Controls DNA Repair in Heterochromatin: Regulation by HP1 Proteins and Serine 473/824 Phosphorylation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 168K&lt;/p&gt;
1958 -- Correspondence, Unsorted -- letter, 1958-02-25 (1958)

<a href="http://digitalprojects.libraries.uc.edu/sabin/fairuse/">Sabin Collection Fair Use Policy</a>
Automating the design of SOCs using cores (2001)

Assembling a system on a chip using IP blocks is an error-prone, labor-intensive, and time-consuming process. Emerging high-level tools can help by automating many of the design tasks.
Optical implementations of two-dimensional fractional Fourier transforms and linear canonical transforms with arbitrary parameters (1998)

We provide a general treatment of optical two-dimensional fractional Fourier transforming systems. We not only allow the fractional Fourier transform orders to be specified independently for the two dimensions but also allow the input and output scale parameters and the residual spherical phase factors to be controlled. We further discuss systems that do not allow all these parameters to be controlled at the same time but are simpler and employ a fewer number of lenses. The variety of systems discussed and the design equations provided should be useful in practical applications for which an optical fractional Fourier transforming stage is to be employed.
Experimental search for the radiative capture reaction d + d → 4He + γ from the ddμ muonic molecule state J = 1 (2011)

A search for the muon-catalyzed fusion reaction d + d → 4He + γ in the ddμ muonic molecule was performed using the experimental installation TRITON with BGO detectors for γ-quanta. A high-pressure target filled with deuterium was exposed to the negative muon beam of the JINR Phasotron to detect γ-quanta with the energy 23.8 MeV. An experimental estimation for the yield of radiative deuteron capture from the ddμ state J = 1 was obtained at the level of η γ ≤ 8 × 10−7 per fusion.
Unique photosynthetic phenotypes inPortulaca(Portulacaceae): C3-C4intermediates and NAD-ME C4species with Pilosoid-type Kranz anatomy (2016)

Portulacaceae is a family that has considerable diversity in photosynthetic phenotypes. It is one of 19 families of terrestrial plants where species having C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis have been found. Most species in Portulaca are in the alternate-leaved (AL) lineage, which includes one clade (Cryptopetala) with taxa lacking C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis and three clades having C<sub>4</sub> species (Oleracea, Umbraticola and Pilosa). All three species in the Cryptopetala clade lack Kranz anatomy, the leaves have C<sub>3</sub>-like carbon isotope composition and they have low levels of C<sub>4</sub> cycle enzymes. Anatomical, biochemical and physiological analyses show they are all C<sub>3</sub>-C<sub>4</sub> intermediates. They have intermediate CO<sub>2</sub> compensation points, enrichment of organelles in the centripetal position in bundle sheath (BS) cells, with selective localization of glycine decarboxylase in BS mitochondria. In the three C<sub>4</sub> clades there are differences in Kranz anatomy types and form of malic enzyme (ME) reported to function in C<sub>4</sub> (NAD-ME versus NADP-ME): Oleracea (Atriplicoid, NAD-ME), Umbraticola (Atriplicoid, NADP-ME) and Pilosa (Pilosoid, NADP-ME). Structural and biochemical analyses were performed on Pilosa clade representatives having Pilosoid-type leaf anatomy with Kranz tissue enclosing individual peripheral vascular bundles and water storage in the center of the leaf. In this clade, all species except P. elatior are NADP-ME-type C<sub>4</sub> species with grana-deficient BS chloroplasts and grana-enriched M chloroplasts. Surprisingly, P. elatior has BS chloroplasts enriched in grana and NAD-ME-type photosynthesis. The results suggest photosynthetic phenotypes were probably derived from an ancestor with NADP-ME-type C<sub>4</sub>, with two independent switches to NAD-ME type.
Formation of 2,2-disubstituted 1,3-cyclopentanediones from ketals with 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclobutene (1993)

The direct formation of 2,2-disubstituted 1,3-cyclopentanedione compounds by a Lewis acid catalysed reaction with 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclobutene proceeds in good to excellent yields with unhindered ketals, but steric hindrance reduces the yields considerably. A carbonyl group α or β to the ketal, or a carbon–carbon double bond α to the ketal, stops the reaction completely. Orthoesters do not give geminally acylated products in synthetically useful yields.
Comparison of three optical methods to study erythrocyte aggregation. (1999)

The aim of this work was to evaluate three optical methods designed to determine erythrocyte aggregation: Erythroaggregometer (EA; Regulest, France), Laser-assisted Optical Rotational Cell Analyzer (LORCA; Mechatronics, Netherlands) and Fully Automatic Erythrocyte Aggregometer (FAEA; Myrenne, GmbH, Germany). Blood samples were taken from fifty donors (26 males and 24 females). The aggregation of normal red blood cell (RBC) and RBCs suspended in three normo- and hyperaggregating suspending media was studied. The results revealed some significant correlations between parameters measured by these instruments, in particular, between the indexes of aggregation of EA and LORCA. Further, RBC aggregation of multiple myeloma patients was also studied and a hyper erythrocyte aggregation state was found by EA and LORCA.
Sport-Specific Associations of Sport Specialization and Sport Volume with Overuse Injury in Youth Athletes (2019)

Year-round participation in a single sport at the exclusion of other sports, also known as sport specialization, is associated with increased risk of overuse injury in youth athletes. To reduce this risk, several recommendations for participation volume have been developed. However, risk of overuse injuries may be dependent on specific movement profiles required by a given sport. PURPOSE: To examine sport-specific associations of sport specialization and exceeding sport volume recommendations with overuse injuries in adolescent basketball, soccer, and volleyball athletes. METHODS: 716 youth athletes (70.8% female, age 14.21.5 years old, 43.2% basketball, 19.4% soccer, 37.4% volleyball) were recruited to complete an anonymous questionnaire regarding their sport participation patterns and previous injury history. Sport specialization status was classified as low, moderate, or high using a widely utilized 3-point scale. Self-reported sport volume was used to classify athletes as either meeting or exceeding sport volume recommendations (playing their primary sport >8 months/year, hours/week of organized sport > age, days of sport participation per week >5). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to examine associations between variables of interest and overuse injury in the previous year. RESULTS: Highly specialized volleyball athletes were more likely to report an overuse injury compared to low specialization volleyball athletes (OR [95% CI]: 2.3 [1.1-4.8], p<.01). Volleyball athletes who trained: more than 8 months per year (OR [95% CI]: 2.0 [1.1-3.5], p<.05), more hours per week than their age (OR [95% CI]: 2.0 [1.2-3.4], p<.01), or more than 5 days per week (OR [95% CI]: 2.1 [1.2-3.9], p<.05) were more likely to report an overuse injury compared to volleyball athletes who did not violate these recommendations. No significant associations were observed in soccer or basketball athletes (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The association between sport specialization, excessive sport volume, and overuse injuries may be specific to sports that are more repetitive or technical in nature, such as volleyball. Dissemination of sport-volume recommendations should be focused towards athletes, parents, and coaches in these sports.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Global Transcriptome Analysis of Formalin-Fixed Prostate Cancer Specimens Identifies Biomarkers of Disease Recurrence (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2194K, RNAseq data from the IGFBP3 gene in the IGV browser for representative FFPE samples (top four tracks) and TCGA prostate samples (bottom three tracks) showing intronic reads.&lt;/p&gt;
Access to Polycyclic Derivatives by Triflate‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation (2014)

Abstract An efficient and versatile synthesis of indane, tetralin and benzosuberan derivatives has been developed; the synthesis starts from nonactivated aromatic compounds bearing unsaturated side chains and is a bismuth(III) or indium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate‐catalysed atom‐economic process. A variety of polycyclic compounds have been isolated in high yields. Lactonisation could be observed for esters with 2,2‐disubstituted terminal olefins through a Lewis acid catalysed reaction between the olefin and one of the ester groups.
Novel Data Pre-Distorter for APSK Signals in Solid-State Power Amplifiers (2019)

A computationally efficient data pre-distorter suitable for the 16 amplitude and phase-shift keying (APSK) constellation transmitted through a memoryless non-linear power amplifier is introduced. The proposed method is based on estimating the optimum value of the ring ratio that enables compensation for the power amplifier (PA) distortion occurring at each input back-off (IBO) level of a memoryless behavioral model. Previous results for data pre-distortion rely on iterative numerical optimization techniques which require increased computational resources. Instead, the proposed approach is numerically efficient and further provides insight on the generation of non-linear distortion. Computed and measured bit-error rate (BER) results for 16-APSK in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and the presence of a PA are presented to prove the validity of the method. The performance evaluation of the pre-distorter based on a measured non-linear characteristic of a commercial power amplifier showed a BER reduction of up to four orders of magnitude at low IBO levels.