gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater Treatment for Coal-Fired Power Industry (2014)

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)’s announcement that it will revise the effluent limitation guidelines for steam electric power generating units could affect not only how power plants use water, but also how they discharge it. The revised guidelines may lower discharge limits for various contaminants in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater including mercury, selenium, arsenic, and nitrate/nitrite. Although the specific details of the guidelines are unknown at present, the power industry is evaluating various technologies that may address the new effluent limitation guidelines and promote water conservation. Moreover, the power industry is looking for avenues to increase water usage efficiency, reuse and recycle throughout its plant processes. Final rule approval is expected by the middle of 2014 and new regulations are expected to be implemented between 2017 and 2022 through 5-year NPDES permit cycles. discharge limits for various contaminants including arsenic, mercury, selenium, and nitrate/nitrite [1]. These pollutant limits may be below the levels achievable today with conventional treatment [2]. A growing interest exists in zero liquid discharge (ZLD) facilities and processes in power plant operations. Potentially stringent discharge limits along with water conservation and reuse efforts are two of the major drivers to achieve ZLD. Potential pollutant levels are so low that ZLD may be the best option, if not an outright requirement [1]. Thermal ZLD systems have been the subject of increased interest and discussion lately. They employ evaporating processes such as ponds, evaporators and crystallizers, or spray dryers to produce a reusable water stream and a solid residue (i.e. waste). Evaporators and crystallizers have been employed in the power industry for a number of years. However, typical A growing interest exists in zero liquid discharge (ZLD) facilities and processes in power plant operations. Potentially stringent discharge limits along with water conservation and reuse efforts are two of the major drivers to achieve ZLD. Potential pollutant levels are so low that ZLD may be the best option, if not an outright requirement. A key disadvantage of thermal ZLD is its high capital cost. One way to reduce this cost is to pre-treat the liquid stream using innovative membrane technologies and reverse osmosis (RO).
Offline Training Improvement of Inverter-Based Memristive Neural Networks Using Inverter Voltage Characteristic Smoothing (2020)

Inverter-based memristive neural networks have the advantages of much lower power consumptions and higher speeds compared to those of digital implementations while they suffer from accuracy degradation due to the circuit elements variations. In this brief, we propose a circuit-level method, called RIM (Resistor-Inverter based Memristive neural network) to mitigate the accuracy degradation of this type of neural network implementation at the presence of variations as well as improve the efficacy of its offline training. In the proposed method, the high slope of the inverter voltage transfer characteristic (VTC) is reduced by adding a grounded resistor to the inverter output node. While decreasing the resistance, generally, suppresses the adverse effects of variations on the network accuracy as well as the loading effect of the memristive crossbar, it may lead to output accuracy decrease under the nominal (no variation) condition. Thus, some trade-off is considered for choosing a proper value for the added resistance. The study reveals that RIM can improve the output accuracy in the range of 10%-96% (51%-74%) in the nominal condition (variations condition).
Thrombectomy in DAWN- and DEFUSE-3-Ineligible Patients: A Subgroup Analysis From the BEST Prospective Cohort Study (2019)

Thrombectomy is used in practice for some patients ineligible for the DAWN/DEFUSE-3 trials with potentially favorable outcomes. Additional trials are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of thrombectomy in broader populations, such as large core infarction and M2 occlusions.
LaNiO/sub 3/: a promising material for contact with YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ thin films (1995)

Epitaxial LaNiO/sub 3/ metallic oxide thin films have been grown on c-axis oriented YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// thin films on LaAlO/sub 3/ substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique and the interface formed between the two films has been examined by measuring the contact conductance of the same. The specific contact conductance of the interface measured using a modified four probe method was found to be 1.4 to 6/spl times/10/sup 4/ ohm/sup -1/ cm/sup -2/ at 77 K. There are indications that contact conductance can be brought closer to that obtained for noble metal-YBCO interface.
A low-cost high-repetition-rate picosecond laser diode pulse generator (2004)

In this paper, we describe a low cost pulse generator based on bipolar transistors designed to emit very short light pulses with a simple laser diode. Its main characteristics are laser pulses as short as 60 ps Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) and a repetition rate from DC up to 100 MHz. The circuit is based on three standard RF bipolar transistors which emit a short electrical pulse of 1.2 ns FWHM with 5 Volt amplitude peak-peak into 50 &#937;. This unit can directly drive a classical laser diode to emit short laser pulses. A DC current generator is added in order to polarize the laser diode near its emission point and reduce the power delivered by the pulse generator and enhance its life time. This generator allows the adjustment of the emitted power of the laser diode. If the power emitted is too high, secondary pulses are observed. There is an optimal power where there is a single short pulse with duration down to 60 ps FWHM. The system is simply triggered by a TTL signal and its structure allows the generation of a single shoot, or a complex pattern generation and repetitive generation. The unique limitation is the delay between pulse emissions which must be greater than 10 ns. The typical optical power with a standard laser diode at 660 nm (45 mW continuous) is 1.7 mW with a repetition rate of 80 MHz and a pulse width down to 60 ps measured with a synchroscan streak camera. The peak power is about 350 mW. The pulse to pulse jitter is less than 10 ps rms. This system can be a competitive alternative to expensive commercial products.
New Ca2+-dependent regulators of autophagosome maturation (2012)

Autophagy is a membrane trafficking pathway responsible for the breakdown of unwanted intracellular materials and crucial for the cell healthiness and survival. In the autophagic flux, various dynamic membrane rearrangements occurs starting with the elongation of the phagophore and its closure to build an autophagosome and ending with its fusion with late endosomes and lysosomes to form an autolysosome. Although Ca(2+) is a well established regulator of membrane fusion events, little is known about its role in these processes during autophagy. Recent studies, based on proteomic analyses of lysosomal membranes, have provided new insights into this field of study. Thus, the levels on lysosomal membranes of annexin A1, annexin A5 and copine 1, three proteins that bind to phospholipid membranes in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, increased under nutrient deprivation, a condition that promotes autophagic degradation. In addition, two different studies showed that annexin A5 and annexin A1 are involved in autophagosome maturation. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which the fusion of autophagosomes with endosomes and lysosomes could be regulated by these three proteins and Ca(2+).
Cilengitide-Induced Temporal Variations in Transvascular Transfer Parameters of Tumor Vasculature in a Rat Glioma Model: Identifying Potential MRI Biomarkers of Acute Effects (2013)

Increased efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) 4-8 h after Cilengitide treatment has been reported. We hypothesized that the effects of Cilengitide on tumor transvascular transfer parameters might underlie, and thus predict, this potentiation. Athymic rats with orthotopic U251 glioma were studied at ~21 days after implantation using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI. Vascular parameters, viz: plasma volume fraction (v(p)), forward volume transfer constant (K(trans)) and interstitial volume fraction (v(e)) of a contrast agent, were determined in tumor vasculature once before, and again in cohorts 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after Cilengitide administration (4 mg/kg; N = 31; 6-7 per cohort). Perfusion-fixed brain sections were stained for von Willebrand factor to visualize vascular segments. A comparison of pre- and post-treatment parameters showed that the differences between MR indices before and after Cilengitide treatment pivoted around the 8 h time point, with 2 and 4 h groups showing increases, 12 and 24 h groups showing decreases, and values at the 8 h time point close to the baseline. The vascular parameter differences between group of 2 and 4 h and group of 12 and 24 h were significant for K(trans) (p = 0.0001 and v(e) (p = 0,0271). Vascular staining showed little variation with time after Cilengitide. The vascular normalization occurring 8 h after Cilengitide treatment coincided with similar previous reports of increased treatment efficacy when RT followed Cilengitide by 8 h. Pharmacological normalization of vasculature has the potential to increase sensitivity to RT. Evaluating acute temporal responses of tumor vasculature to putative anti-angiogenic drugs may help in optimizing their combination with other treatment modalities.
Visual Quality Assessment of Point Clouds Compared to Natural Reference Images (2023)

This paper proposes a point cloud (PC) visual quality assessment (VQA) framework that reflects the human visual system (HVS). The proposed framework compares natural images acquired using a digital camera and PC images generated via 2D projection in terms of appropriate objective quality evaluation metrics. Humans primarily consume natural images; thus, human knowledge is typically formed from natural images. Thus, natural images can be more reliable reference data than PC data. The proposed framework performs an image alignment process based on feature matching and image warping to use the natural images as a reference which enhances the similarities of the acquired natural and corresponding PC images. The framework facilitates identifying which objective VQA metrics can be used to reflect the HVS effectively. We constructed a database of natural images and three PC image qualities, and objective and subjective VQAs were conducted. The experimental result demonstrates that the acceptable consistency among different PC qualities appears in the metrics that compare the global structural similarity of images. We found that the SSIM, MAD, and GMSD achieved remarkable Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient scores of 0.882, 0.871, and 0.930, respectively. Thus, the proposed framework can reflect the HVS by comparing the global structural similarity between PC and natural reference images.
Conjugation with L-Glutamate forin vivoBrain Drug Delivery (2001)

In vitro studies have shown that conjugation of a model compound [p-di(hydroxyethyl)-amino-D-phenylalanine (D-MOD)] with L-Glu can improve D-MOD permeation through the bovine brain microvessel endothelial cell monolayers (Sakaeda et al., 2000). The transport of this D-MOD-L-Glu conjugate is facilitated by the L-Glu transport system. In this paper, we evaluate the in vivo brain delivery of model compounds (i.e. D-MOD, p-nitro-D-phenylalanine (p-nitro-D-Phe), 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid (DCKA) and D-kyotorphin) and their L-Glu conjugates. DCKA was also conjugated with L-Asp and L-Gln amino acids. The analgesic activities of D-kyotorphin and its L-Glu conjugate were also evaluated. The results showed that the brain-to-plasma concentration ratio of D-MOD-L-Glu was higher than the D-MOD alone; however, the plasma concentration of both compounds were the same. The plasma concentration of p-nitro-D-Phe-L-Glu conjugate was higher than the parent p-nitro-D-Phe; however, the brain-to-plasma concentration ratio of p-nitro-D-Phe was higher than its conjugate. On the other hand, both DCKA and DCKA conjugates have a low brain-to-plasma concentration ratio due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The L-Asp and L-Glu conjugates of DCKA have elevated plasma concentrations relative to DCKA; however, the DCKA-L-Gln conjugate has the same plasma concentration as DCKA. For D-kyotorphin, both the parent and the L-Glu conjugate showed similar analgesic activity. In conclusion, conjugation of a non-permeable drug with L-Glu may improve the drug's brain delivery; however, this improvement may depend on the physicochemical and receptor binding properties of the conjugate.
Handbook of Distributed Feedback Laser Diodes (1997)

Fabry-Perot and Distributed Feedback Laser Diodes Rate Equation Theory of Laser Diodes Coupled Mode Theory of DFB Laser Diodes Carrier Injection Spectrum of DFB Laser Diodes IM and FM Behavior of DFB Laser Diodes Harmonic and Intermodulation Distortion in DFB Laser Diodes Noise Characteristics of DFB Laser Diodes Wavelength Tunable DFB Laser Diodes Bistable and Self-Pulsating DFB Laser Diodes Fabrication and Packaging of DFB Laser Diodes.
The Locomotor Capability Index in Diagram Form (2006)

The Stanmore-Kingston Splat is a graphical display of the goals and achievements of amputee rehabilitation patients using the Locomotor Capability Index. The chart is in a radial polygram form with the sectors coloured and shaded. Three scores can be shown: The patient's capability at delivery of the prosthesis, the goals set for rehabilitation, and the final achievement after the programme. The main advantages are rapid, easy reading for a therapist and convenient use when discussed with the patient at goal setting or progress review. The Splat is being used at Stanmore Disablement Services Centre and an extension to other centres is planned.
DTR: a defect-tolerant routing algorithm (1989)

A new channel routing algorithm called DTR (Defect-Tolerant Routing) is investigated. This algorithm minimizes the total area and simultaneously maximizes the performance by reducing the critical area which can potentially be the source of logical faults caused by the bridging effects of spot defects. Experimental results show DTR produces less critical area than Yoshimura&Kuh's algorithm [1].
Chicken Collagen from Law Market Value By-Products as an Alternate Source (2014)

There has been much interest in investigating possible means of making collagen from underutilized chicken by-products and it will lead to an alternate source of collagen for use in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biomedical materials, and the food industry. The objective of this research was to find methods to extract collagen from chicken skins and bones to compare the corresponding yield differences and analyze their properties. Collagen extracted by acetic acid, citric acid, alkali, one-step acetic acid and pepsin, and two-step acetic acid and pepsin extraction procedures was compared. Complete randomized design, Student’s t -test, and Tukey’s test were used to analyze the samples<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>. The recovered dry weights for the skin extractions were 6.1, 6.2, 5, 38.7, and 40.4% and those of bone extractions were 4.4, 4.1, 4.1, 19.1, and 20.6%, respectively. Protein, fat, and inorganic material contents of collagen preparations for skin were 62.7%, 1.5%, and 0.7% and for bone were 30.4%, 1.4%, and 0.7%, respectively. This study indicates that chicken by-products have high potential use as an alternate source of collagen. Corrigendum to “Chicken Collagen from Law Market Value By-Products as an Alternate Source”
ChemInform Abstract: Nitric Oxide Reduction by CO on Cu/TiO2 Catalysts. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Side effects of opioids during short-term administration: effect of age, gender, and race (2003)

Meperidine produced fewer side effects than morphine during short-term use. The risk of respiratory depression increases substantially after 60 years of age. Women have nausea and vomiting more often than men. The effect of race deserves further investigation.
Estimating the Elbow Carrying Angle With an Electrogoniometer: Acquisition of Data and Reliability of Measurements (2008)

In clinical practice, the carrying angle of the elbow is assessed by radiographs or goniometers to evaluate the reduction of distal humerus or radial head fractures and epicondylar pathology. This study evaluated a noninvasive technique for estimating the carrying angle in full extension using a 3-dimensional digitizer. Data acquisition was performed on 37 healthy adults. Mean carrying angle was 12.7 degrees +/-3.8 degrees. No side or gender differences were observed (P>.05). Interoperator repeatability was good (interclass correlation coefficient, 0.7), and intraoperator repeatability was excellent (interclass correlation coefficient, 0.85).The major advantage of this technique is the possibility of being adapted to commercial digitizers and being used in new computer technologies for better qualifying anatomic and functional features of the elbow joint.
Rapid detection, enrichment and propagation of specific T cell subsets based on cytokine secretion (2010)

T cell lines with defined cytokine profiles are an invaluable tool for assessing the control of immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. Production of such cell lines can be complex and time-consuming. Here we present a powerful technique to assay the cytokines produced by T cells activated polyclonally or with specific antigens. This paper presents a detailed methodology for the identification and isolation of cytokine-producing T cells activated with the artificial superantigen, CytoStim, or viral and fungal antigens. These cells can be analysed for different cytokines simultaneously, or cultured further to rapidly establish T cell lines making known cytokine types. We highlight the enumeration, isolation and phenotype of interleukin-17-producing T cells, and the rapid generation of virus-specific Th1 T cell lines.
Cyclic Alkyne Approach to Heteroatom-Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Scaffolds (2019)

We report a modular synthetic strategy for accessing heteroatom-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that relies on the controlled generation of transient heterocyclic alkynes and arynes. The strained intermediates undergo in situ trapping with readily accessible oxadiazinones. Four sequential pericyclic reactions occur, namely two Diels–Alder / retro-Diels–Alder sequences, which can be performed in a stepwise or one-pot fashion to assemble four new carbon–carbon (C–C) bonds.
Site-Selective Regulation of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor β Receptor Tyrosine Phosphorylation by T-Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (2004)

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) beta receptor mediates mitogenic and chemotactic signals. Like other tyrosine kinase receptors, the PDGF beta receptor is negatively regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). To explore whether T-cell PTP (TC-PTP) negatively regulates the PDGF beta receptor, we compared PDGF beta receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in wild-type and TC-PTP knockout (ko) mouse embryos. PDGF beta receptors were hyperphosphorylated in TC-PTP ko embryos. Fivefold-higher ligand-induced receptor phosphorylation was observed in TC-PTP ko mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) as well. Reexpression of TC-PTP partly abolished this difference. As determined with site-specific phosphotyrosine antibodies, the extent of hyperphosphorylation varied among different autophosphorylation sites. The phospholipase Cgamma1 binding site Y1021, previously implicated in chemotaxis, displayed the largest increase in phosphorylation. The increase in Y1021 phosphorylation was accompanied by increased phospholipase Cgamma1 activity and migratory hyperresponsiveness to PDGF. PDGF beta receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in PTP-1B ko MEFs but not in PTPepsilon ko MEFs was also higher than that in control cells. This increase occurred with a site distribution different from that seen after TC-PTP depletion. PDGF-induced migration was not increased in PTP-1B ko cells. In summary, our findings identify TC-PTP as a previously unrecognized negative regulator of PDGF beta receptor signaling and support the general notion that PTPs display site selectivity in their action on tyrosine kinase receptors.
Redaktionelt forord (2016)

Genrer styrer alle dele af det litterære kredsløb: Forfatterens skrift, forlagenes markedsføring, bibliotekernes katalogisering, læserens forventninger og kritikernes domme.Vi orienterer os hele tiden efter genrer. Litteraturhistorien sætter skel ud fra genreinddelinger, og vi anser ofte de værker, der bryder med genrekonventioner og hæver sig over formelagtig 'genrelitteratur' for at være af høj litterær kvalitet. Vores litterære forventningshorisont præges af genremærkater, og vi regner med en vis grad af generisk stabilitet. Samtidig kommer der stadig nye genrer til som 'autofiktion' og 'selvnarration', der sætter spørgsmålstegn ved grænsedragninger mellem traditionelle genrer som 'roman' og 'biografi'.Passage nr. 74 sætter fokus på genrer. Nummeret udfordrer, hvad der ofte tages for givet om emnet, og udforsker nye aspekter ved de litterære konventioner. Blandt de emner, artiklerne behandler, er spørgsmålet om, hvad litteraturvidenskaben stiller op med alle de værker, der falder uden for de 'finlitterære' genrer, litteraturhistorien traditionelt behandler. Andre spørgsmål lyder, hvad det vil sige, at en roman er en fiktionsgenre, og hvordan en veletableret genre som lyrik kan vedblive at udfordre. Endelig viser nummeret, hvordan genrer kan gå på tværs af kunstarter, det undersøger, hvordan genrer kan være knyttet til affekt, og hvorfor man i de seneste år har set en stigende brug af utraditionelle genremærkater. Dette nummer af Passage behandler således aktuelle dimensioner af et klassisk begreb. Derudover rummer nummeret en artikel uden for genretemaet om nostalgi hos den tyske forfatter W.G. Sebald.
Personality Disorders (2000)

When discussing Freud’s contribution to psychology (see Chapter 3), the point was made that he gave us the notion that normal and neurotic behaviour are simply different points on the same psychological continuum. We all have personality problems of one sort or another, and decisions on when these problems become bad enough to be classified by psychologists and other mental health professionals as disorders are to some extent cultural ones. Such decisions differ from society to society, from generation to generation, and from individual to individual. Much of what we can say about personality disorders has therefore already been said in earlier chapters, and it simply remains to build upon this information and to clarify matters of definition and of possible treatment.