gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of heavy metal uptake and translocation by Acacia mangium as a phytoremediator of copper contaminated soil (2011)

Many organic and inorganic pollutants, including heavy metals are being transported and mixed with the cultivated soils and water. Heavy metals are the most dangerous pollutants as they are non-degradable and accumulate and become toxic to plants and animals. An experiment was conducted in the glasshouse to evaluate the potential of&nbsp;Acacia mangium&nbsp;as a phytoremediator to absorb heavy metals from contaminated soils.&nbsp;A. mangium&nbsp;seedlings were planted in the growth media (soil + different levels of copper). The different levels of Cu were: T0&nbsp;(control, soil), T1&nbsp;(50 ppm Cu), T2&nbsp;(100 ppm Cu), T3&nbsp;(200 ppm Cu), T4&nbsp;(300 ppm Cu) and T5(400 ppm Cu). The highest growth performance such as basal diameter, height and number of leaves was in T1. The highest biomass was recorded in T1. Highest accumulation of Cu (93.55 ppm) and Zn (79.13 ppm) were recorded in T5&nbsp;while Cd (8.88 ppm) in T3. Cu was highly concentrated in the roots, Cd was accumulated in the leaves and roots, whereas, Zn was in stems and leaves.&nbsp;A. mangium&nbsp;showed high translocation factor (TF) and low bioconcentration factor (BCF) values in soil at higher metal concentrations as well as it was able to tolerate and accumulate high concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn. It may be concluded that this species can be a good efficient phtyoremediator for heavy metals (Cd, Cu and Zn) contaminated soils to mitigate soil pollution. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Heavy metals, phytoremediation, bioaccumulation capacity.
PNNI routing congestion control (2004)

There is evidence based on previous failures that link state protocols such as PNNI may not be able to recover from a widespread loss of topology database information or an overload of topology state updates. To prevent this, PNNI extensions have been adopted in the ATM forum to avoid going into congestion and to recover when congestion occurs. This article presents the adopted mechanisms to enable the PNNI routing protocol to avoid congestion states wherever possible, to respond gracefully to network overloads and failures, and to recover from massive loss of topology database information. The mechanisms include detecting congestion and notifying peers, reducing the rate of topology update control messages, maintaining link adjacencies with prioritized treatment of critical control messages, database backup, graceful recovery of lost topology database information, and database resynchronization. Simulation analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of these routing congestion control mechanisms.
Model-Based Digital Pianos: From Physics to Sound Synthesis (2018)

As a result of their complexity and versatility, pianos are arguably one of the most important instruments in Western music. The size, weight, and price of grand pianos as well as their relatively simple control surface (i.e., the keyboard), have led to the development of digital counterparts that mimic the sound of acoustic pianos as closely as possible. While most commercial digital pianos are based on sample playback, it is also possible to reproduce a piano's sound by modeling the physics of the instrument. The process of physical modeling starts with first understanding the physical principles, followed by creating accurate numerical models, and finally, finding numerically optimized signal processing models that allow sound synthesis in real time by excluding inaudible phenomena and adding some perceptually important features by using signal processing tricks. Accurate numerical models can be used by physicists and engineers to understand how the instrument functions or to help piano makers with instrument development. On the other hand, efficient real-time models are geared toward composers and musicians who perform at home or onstage. This article provides an overview of a physics-based piano synthesis beginning with computationally heavy, physically accurate approach followed by a discussion of the approaches that are designed to produce the best possible sound quality for real-time synthesis.
Propiedades psicométricas de un cuestionario para la evaluación de la ansiedad ante los exámenes en adolescentes (2020)

La ansiedad ante los examenes es un problema que afecta a los estudiantes de Educacion Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato. El objetivo del presente estudio fue adaptar el “Cuestionario de ansiedad ante los examenes” (CAEX) al alumnado de ESO y Bachillerato. Se evaluo a un total de 1181 estudiantes de ESO y Bachillerato (51,8% chicas; M= 14,7; DT= 1,8), procedentes de centros publicos de la Region de Murcia. Se identificaron tres factores: Ansiedad fisiologica, Comportamiento de evitacion y Respuesta cognitiva ansiosa ante los examenes, que explicaron un 53% de la varianza total. El nivel de consistencia interna de las puntuaciones en las subescalas y del total fue de 0,90, 0,49, 0,90 y 0,94, respectivamente. El coeficiente Omega fue de 0,85 o superior en todas las subescalas. La fiabilidad test-retest vario entre 0,50 y 0,87. Ademas, la validez convergente y discriminante de la escala CAEX-A fue adecuada. El CAEX-A presenta propiedades psicometricas apropiadas y puede emplearse para la evaluacion psicologica de la ansiedad ante los examenes en alumnos entre los 12 y 18 anos.
“Oscillating” Metallocene Catalysts:  What Stops the Oscillation? (2003)

The 150 MHz (13)C NMR microstructural analysis of polypropylene samples produced with two representative "oscillating" metallocene catalysts of largely different steric hindrance, namely [(2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenyl)indenyl)(2)ZrP](+) and [(2-phenylindenyl)(2)ZrP](+) (P = polymeryl), and the implications on the origin of the stereocontrol are presented and discussed in detail. The original mechanistic proposal of an "oscillation" between a rac-like (isotactic-selective) and a meso-like (nonstereoselective) conformation cannot explain the observed polymer configuration. The isotactic-stereoblock nature of the polymers obtained with the former catalyst proves unambiguously that the active cation "oscillates" between the two enantiomorphous rac-like conformations at an average frequency that, even at high propene concentration, is only slightly lower than that of monomer insertion. The less-hindered [(2-phenylindenyl)(2)ZrP](+) gives instead a largely stereoirregular polypropylene, which is the logical consequence of a faster ligand rotation; however, depending on the use conditions (in particular, on the nature of the cocatalyst and the polarity of the solvent), the polymerization products may also contain appreciable amounts of a fairly isotactic fraction. The peculiar microstructure of this fraction, with isotactic blocks of the same relative configuration spanned by very short atactic ones, rules out the possibility that the latter are due to an active species in meso-like conformation and points rather to a conformationally "locked" rac-like species with restricted ring mobility. The hypothesis of a stereorigidity induced by the proximity to a counteranion, which would play the role of the interannular bridge in the rac-bis(indenyl) ansa-metallocenes, was tested by computer modeling on a [rac-(2-phenylindenyl)(2)ZrMe(C(3)H(6))][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] ion couple and found viable.
The design of Xoodoo and Xoofff (2018)

This paper presents Xoodoo, a 48-byte cryptographic permutation with excellent propagation properties. Its design approach is inspired by Keccak-p, while it is dimensioned like Gimli for efficiency on low-end processors. The structure consists of three planes of 128 bits each, which interact per 3-bit columns through mixing and nonlinear operations, and which otherwise move as three independent rigid objects. We analyze its differential and linear propagation properties and, in particular, prove lower bounds on the weight of trails using the tree search-based technique of Mella et al. (ToSC 2017). Xoodoo’s primary target application is in the Farfalle construction that we instantiate for the doubly-extendable cryptographic keyed (or deck) function Xoofff. Combining a relatively narrow permutation with the parallelism of Farfalle results in very efficient schemes on a wide range of platforms, from low-end devices to high-end processors with vector instructions.
Computational Modeling of Interstitial Fluid Pressure and Velocity in Head and Neck Cancer Based on Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Feasibility Analysis (2020)

We developed and tested the feasibility of computational fluid modeling (CFM) based on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for quantitative estimation of interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and velocity (IFV) in patients with head and neck (HN) cancer with locoregional lymph node metastases. Twenty-two patients with HN cancer, with 38 lymph nodes, underwent pretreatment standard MRI, including DCE-MRI, on a 3-Tesla scanner. CFM simulation was performed with the finite element method in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The model consisted of a partial differential equation (PDE) module to generate 3D parametric IFP and IFV maps, using the Darcy equation and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>r</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>a</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>n</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>s</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> values (min<sup>-1</sup>, estimated from the extended Tofts model) to reflect fluid influx into tissue from the capillary microvasculature. The Spearman correlation (ρ) was calculated between total tumor volumes and CFM estimates of mean tumor IFP and IFV. CFM-estimated tumor IFP and IFV mean ± standard deviation for the neck nodal metastases were 1.73 ± 0.39 (kPa) and 1.82 ± 0.9 × (10<sup>-7</sup> m/s), respectively. High IFP estimates corresponds to very low IFV throughout the tumor core, but IFV rises rapidly near the tumor boundary where the drop in IFP is precipitous. A significant correlation was found between pretreatment total tumor volume and CFM estimates of mean tumor IFP (ρ = 0.50, <i>P</i> = 0.004). Future studies can validate these initial findings in larger patients with HN cancer cohorts using CFM of the tumor in concert with DCE characterization, which holds promise in radiation oncology and drug-therapy clinical trials.
Novel Silanol-Containing Polymers and Their Blends (1994)

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Novel 4-vinylphenyldimethylsilanol polymer (PVPDMS) and co-polymers (ST-VPDMS) were synthesized by the oxyfunctionalization re- action of the silane. The reaction was found to proceed efficiently and quantitatively. Miscibility studies indicated that about 4 molpercnt; of 4-vin- ylphenyldimethylsilanol (VPDMS) functional group in the copolymer could achieve miscibility with poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPr). However, for copolymers containingmore than 34 molpercnt; VPDMS, their blends with PBMA were immiscible. The observed miscibility window of ST-VPDMS/PBMA blends was as- cribed to the competition between the self-association of dimethylsilanol groups and intermolecular hydrogen bonding of dimethylsilanol groups with the carbonyl groups of PBMA. A comparison of the efficiency of the miscibility enhancement and the miscibility windows of VPDMS, p-(hexafluoro-2-isopropyl) styrene (HFPS), and phenolic-containing polymers was made in terms of such competition. The glass transition behavior of the miscible blends involving VPDMS and HFPS-containing styrene copolymers with PBMA were analyzed by the Schneider equation.
Microgroove-Structured PDA/PEI/PPy@PI-MS Photothermal Aerogel with a Multilevel Water Transport Network for Highly Salt-Rejecting Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation (2021)

Desalination of seawater through solar-driven interfacial evaporation is an efficient approach to solve the freshwater resource shortage problem. However, the salt formation and crystallization during interfacial evaporation limit the long-term stability of the solar evaporator. To further improve the salt-rejecting capability of the solar evaporator, we developed a porous framework photothermal microgroove-structured aerogel (PDA/PEI/PPy@PI-MS MGA, pppMGA) through a combined freeze drying, laser engraving, and chemical polymerization technique. A multilevel water transport network consisting of a three-dimensional (3D) skeleton, a microgroove-structured water channel, and a cotton core is constructed, which can effectively improve the salt-rejecting capability of the aerogel. At the same time, the combination of the 3D porous microgroove structure of the pppMGA evaporative interface and the efficient light absorption capacity of PPy effectively increases the vapor-liquid evaporation area and the light absorption rate (98%). A high evaporation rate (∼1.38 kg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>) and high photothermal conversion efficiency (∼93.04%) can be achieved on the pppMGA evaporator under 1 sun illumination, which can operate stably in high salt concentration (20%) water for 8 h. Even under 3 sun illumination and a 20 wt % NaCl solution, the pppMGA evaporator can operate stably without salt crystallization. Such a photothermal aerogel with high salt-rejecting performance provides a new avenue for designing an interfacial evaporation system that can operate stably under high salt concentration conditions.
Antioxidant and Cytoprotective effects of Pyrola decorata H. Andres and its five phenolic components (2019)

LAEP and its five phenolic components may undergo redox-based pathways (such as electron transfer and H<sup>+</sup> transfer) and covalent-based pathway (i.e., RAF) to exhibit antioxidant activity. One consequence of RAF is the generation of phenolic-phenolic dimer. In both organic and aqueous media, 2''-O-galloylhyperin exhibited higher redox-based antioxidant levels (or cytoprotective levels) than those with hyperoside. The differences could be attributed to 2''-O-galloylation reaction.
2D inversion-based interpretation of logging-while-drilling thermal-neutron and gamma-ray time decays (2015)

ABSTRACT Identification and petrophysical evaluation of thinly bedded formations with borehole resistivity measurements can be problematic due to the large volume of investigation of the measurements. Logging-while-drilling (LWD) Sigma logs can overcome this difficulty because Sigma measurements have a smaller volume of investigation. Sigma is the macroscopic absorption nuclear cross section of a material that quantifies the material’s ability to absorb thermal neutrons. The contrast in Sigma between salty formation water and hydrocarbons makes Sigma logs useful for resistivity-independent estimation of water saturation. We assumed LWD Sigma measurements acquired with one near thermal-neutron detector (near), one short-spaced gamma-ray detector (SSn), and one long-spaced gamma-ray detector (LSn). Separation of multidetector Sigma logs may indicate the presence of mud-filtrate invasion in the case of thick formations. However, Sigma measurements acquired in thinly bedded formations are affected not only by invasion, but also by shoulder beds such that the separation between logs with different radial lengths of investigation will not necessarily be due to mud-filtrate invasion. We have developed an inversion-based interpretation method of LWD Sigma measurements to estimate 2D formation properties with reduced invasion and shoulder-bed effects. We tested this method with two synthetic and two field cases. Results indicated that the 2D inversion-based interpretation method improved the calculation of water saturation from Sigma logs sustaining environmental and geometric effects. Conventional interpretation of Sigma logs can lead to overestimation of water saturation by as much as 50% resulting from shoulder-bed effects in uninvaded formations and by as much as 100% in depth zones simultaneously affected by invasion, shoulder beds, and well deviation.
Helical Conjugated Polymers by Design (2002)

Some alternating phenylene−furan units can lead to conformationally locked conjugated polymers. Depending upon the substitution pattern, rigid-rod-like or helical structures can be rationally designed. The presence of helical structure in poly(1,4-(2,3-dialkoxyphenylene)-alt-2,5-furan)s has been demonstrated by adding chiral side chains and by performing circular dichroism measurements. In a good solvent, this polymer exhibits some chiroptical properties which decreases upon aggregation in poor solvents. In contrast, rigid-rod-like poly(1,4-(2,5-di-(S)-2-methylbutoxyphenylene)-alt-2,5-furan) only shows chiroptical properties upon aggregation.
Octahedral Molybdenum(0) Monodinitrogen Complexes Facially Coordinated by the Tripodal Ligand 1,1,1‐Tris(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)ethane – Influence of Diphosphane Coligands on the Activation of N2 (2011)

Abstract The synthesis and physicochemical properties of the new molybdenum dinitrogen complexes [Mo(N 2 )(tdppme)(dmpm)] ( 2 ) and [Mo(N 2 )(tdppme)(dppm)] ( 3 ) are reported. Complexes 2 and 3 are facially coordinated by the tripodal ligand 1,1,1‐tris(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)ethane (tdppme) and contain the bidentate coligands bis(dimethylphosphanyl)methane (dmpm) and bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane (dppm), respectively. They are accessible by amalgam reduction of the Mo III precursor [MoBr 3 (tdppme)] ( 1 ) under nitrogen in the presence of dppm and dmpm, respectively. Protonation of 2 with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (triflic acid, HOTf) leads to the NNH 2 complex [Mo(NNH 2 )(tdppme)(dmpm)](OTf) 2 ( 4 ) with retention of the pentaphosphane coordination. The structural, electronic and vibrational properties of 2 , 3 and 4 have been investigated by NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy coupled with DFT calculations. The crystal structure of 2 has been determined and is discussed in relation to the calculated structures of 2 and 3 . The results of the investigations are compared with those obtained earlier for the pentaphosphane complexes [Mo(N 2 )(dpepp)(dppm)] and [Mo(NNH 2 )(dpepp)(dppm)](OTf) 2 [dpepp = bis(diphenylphosphanylethyl)phenylphosphane].
Pt/WO3 nanoplatelet/SiC Schottky diode based hydrogen gas sensor (2012)

This paper presents the fabrication and study of a Schottky diode based on Pt/WO3 nanoplatelet/SiC for H2 gas sensing applications. The nanostructured WO3 films were synthesized from tungsten (sputtered on SiC) via an acidetching method using a 1.5 M HNO3 solution. Scanning electron microscopy of the developed films revealed platelet crystals with thicknesses in the order of 20-60 nm and lengths between 100-700 nm. The current-voltage characteristic and dynamic response of the diodes were measured in the presence of air and 1% H2 gas balanced in air from 25 to 300°C. Upon exposure to 1% H2, voltage shifts of 0.64, 0.93 and 1.14 V were recorded at temperatures of 120, 200 and 300°C, respectively at a constant forward bias current of 500 μA.
Fabrication of Metallic Nanocrystal Arrays for Nanoscale Nonlinear Optics (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements
Metal Complexes of Polyazamacrocyclic Ligands as Surface Functionalities of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. (2015)

A communication about surface decoration of MWCNTs with macrocyclic Pd(II) complexes for catalytic purposes
Ambulance call-outs and response times in Birmingham and the impact of extreme weather and climate change (2013)

Although there has been some research on the impact of extreme weather on the number of ambulance call-out incidents, especially heat waves, there has been very little research on the impact of cold weather on ambulance call-outs and response times. In the UK, there is a target response rate of 75% of life threatening incidents (Category A) that must be responded to within 8 min. This paper compares daily air temperature data with ambulance call-out data for Birmingham over a 5-year period (2007-2011). A significant relationship between extreme weather and increased ambulance call-out and response times can clearly be shown. Both hot and cold weather have a negative impact on response times. During the heat wave of August 2003, the number of ambulance call-outs increased by up to a third. In December 2010 (the coldest December for more than 100 years), the response rate fell below 50% for 3 days in a row (18 December-20 December 2010) with a mean response time of 15 min. For every reduction of air temperature by 1°C there was a reduction of 1.3% in performance. Improved weather forecasting and the take up of adaptation measures, such as the use of winter tyres, are suggested for consideration as management tools to improve ambulance response resilience during extreme weather. Also it is suggested that ambulance response times could be used as part of the syndromic surveillance system at the Health Protection Agency.
Shape Adjustment of a Flexible Space Antenna Reflector (1992)

A recursive shape adjustment algorithm is proposed, which will be used for flexible antenna reflectors for space application. The antenna reflector is composed of flexible mesh surface, cable networks, and support structures. Length adjustment mechanisms are attached to the suspension wire between the surface cable and the backup network, and the shape of the mesh surface is controlled by the adjustment mechanisms. For the purpose of effective adjustment, the matrix of influence coefficients (sensitivity matrix) of the adjustment length to the surface displacements is needed, and the matrix is usually calculated by analytical model. But some modeling errors, such as prediction error of material properties or error due to model simplification, are unavoidable in the preliminary analysis. Besides, the sensitivity matrix may change during the process of adjustment because of nonlinearity of the structure in some cases. To avoid the above problems, a recursive shape adjustment algorithm is proposed. The major characteristic of the algorithm is the recursive modification of the sensitivity matrix based on the be havior of the system in the iterative adjustment. Using this algorithm, the modeling error is automatically corrected in the adjustment process and the procedure will converge efficiently. The effectiveness of the algorithm is confirmed by numerical simulations and an experiment using a model of a large antenna reflector. Since this algorithm allows the change or modeling error of structural sensitivity, it shall also be useful for the on-board shape control of flexible reflectors.
Inhibition of the Corrosion of Industrial Cooling Systems: Report prepared for the European Federation of Corrosion Working Party on Inhibitors (1979)

The subject of the inhibition of corrosion of cooling water systems is of continuing importance, particularly in view of the increasing demands for more efficient cooling andplant reliability. This report describes the principles of inhibition, the effects of water chemistry on inhibition, types of inhibitors and the application of these to various types of cooling system. The supervision and maintenance of cooling systems and inhibitors are also discussed.