gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolithic anion-exchange chromatography yields rhinovirus of high purity (2017)

For vaccine development, 3D-structure determination, direct fluorescent labelling, and numerous other studies, homogeneous virus preparations of high purity are essential. Working with human rhinoviruses (RVs), members of the picornavirus family and the main cause of generally mild respiratory infections, we noticed that our routine preparations appeared highly pure on analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), exclusively showing the four viral capsid proteins (VPs). However, the preparations turned out to contain substantial amounts of contaminating material when analyzed by orthogonal analytical methods including capillary zone electrophoresis, nano electrospray gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis (nES GEMMA), and negative stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Because these latter analyses are not routine to many laboratories, the above contaminations might remain unnoticed and skew experimental results. By using human rhinovirus serotype A2 (RV-A2) as example we report monolithic anion-exchange chromatography (AEX) as a last polishing step in the purification and demonstrate that it yields infective, highly pure, virus (RV-A2 in the respective fractions was confirmed by peptide mass fingerprinting) devoid of foreign material as judged by the above criteria.
The effect of incident light polarization on vegetation Bidirectional Reflectance Factor (2010)

A laboratory-based Bidirectional Reflectance Factor (BRF) polarization study of vegetation is presented in this paper. The BRF was measured using a short-arc Xenon lamp/monochromator assembly producing a tunable light source with a well-defined spectral bandpass at the following visible and near-infrared wavelengths: 340nm, 470 nm, and 870 nm. All vegetation samples were measured using P and S linearly polarized incident light over a range of incident and scatter angles. By comparing these results, we quantitatively examined how the BRF of the samples depends on the polarization of the incident light. The differences are significant, depend strongly on the incident and scatter angles, and can be as high as 135% at 67 deg incident and 470nm.
Development of inductive heating equipment using an inductive aperture-type applicator (1990)

We designed an inductive aperture-type applicator, IATA, consisting of a one-turn, square, column-like coil made of a metal strip. In experiments using a phantom, this applicator was seen to have the following characteristics: (1) it does not excessively heat the fat layer; (2) deep portions can be heated effectively; (3) heat can be applied to the subject, without contact with the applicator; (4) excessive generation of heat does not occur in parts of tissue near the edge of the aperture; (5) size of the aperture can be changed for adaptation to size of the site to be heated; (6) the aperture can be modified to fit the shape of the subject and the depth of penetration is influenced by size of the subject being heated; (7) the applicator can be driven at an arbitrary frequency; (8) efficiency of heat generation to the input power is low. The inductive heating equipment, 'Inductron', which we have developed possesses the necessary requirements for adequate clinical application.
Easy coupling of µ-methylene groups in di-(µ-methylene )-dicobalt complexes: model reactions for the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (1984)

Carbon–carbon coupling reactions occur at room temperature in reactions of [Co2(CO)4(µ-CH2)2(µ-dppm)](dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2) with alkynes to give ethene and [Co2(CO)4(µ-RCCR)(µ-dppm)], with ethene to give propene, and, at higher temperature, with hydrogen to give ethane.
Network management training for tactical systems (2002)

The mobile subscriber equipment (MSE) provided by GTE is an army tactical communication system providing battlefield voice and data communications. MSE consists of a number of node center switches, large and small extension node switches, line of sight radio equipment to connect fixed assets, and mobile subscriber terminals. The core element providing net management of MSE is the system control center (SCC). It is planned that the SCC will be replaced by the network management tool (NMT), which will provide increased capability, more flexibility, and enhanced ease of operation. Adequate training in the use of the NMT will be crucial to the success of the mission. Operators must have sufficient background and understanding of all the aspects of the NMT to ensure the managed units receive timely and accurate information. Also critical is the timely response to the managed units requests for service. In preparation for the introduction of the NMT into MSE, GTE has designed the communication network simulation (CNS) system to provide the operator with simulated tactical situations requiring the execution of a sequence of tasks. This training will be accomplished through the use of NMT software integrated with a simulation of the managed units, responding in accord with predefined scenarios. The CNS system will be an in-building simulation of the tactical network. Operators must configure the system, respond to messages, and take appropriate action to emergency situations. Operators work in conjunction with trained instructors. The CNS will provide many operator training stations in parallel.
Circulating T Helper 1 (Th1) Cell- and Th2 Cell-Associated Cytokines in Indian Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis (1997)

Sera from 61 Indian patients with visceral leishmaniasis caused by infection with Leishmania donovani were tested for the presence of T helper 1 (Th1) cell-(interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) and Th2 cell-associated cytokines (interleukin-4 [IL-4] and IL-10). The IFN-gamma activity was detected in 53%. IL-4 in 84%, and IL-10 in 56% of patient samples. Sera from 10 healthy Indian controls showed detectable IFN-gamma in 90%. IL-4 in 10%, and IL-10 in 20%; corresponding percentages for sera from eight healthy American controls were 100%, 12%, and 0%, respectively. Quantitative data for the 61 patients compared with the 10 Indian controls indicated comparable mean levels of IFN-gamma, but three- and 13-fold increases in IL-10 and IL-4, respectively. Undetectable IFN-gamma activity, observed in 47% of patients, was associated with the presence IL-4 alone or in combination with IL-10 but not with IL-10 alone. In patients who had failed prior therapy (n = 29) compared with previously untreated patients (n = 32). IFN-gamma levels were 67% lower and IL-4 levels were two-fold higher, IL-10 activity was comparable. These results using peripheral blood support the presence of a suppressive Th2 cell-associated immune response in symptomatic Indian kala-azar and point to a possible role for IL-4.
Potential Valorization of Edible Nuts By-Products: Exploring the Immune-Modulatory and Antioxidants Effects of Selected Nut Shells Extracts in Relation to Their Metabolic Profiles (2022)

The immune system is a potent army that defends our body against various infections and diseases through innate and adaptive immunity. Herbal medicine is one of the essential sources for enhancing immunity because of affordability, availability, minor side effects, and consumers' preferences. Hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds, and peanuts are among the most widespread edible nuts that are rich in phenolics, fats, fibers, vitamins, proteins, and minerals. The potential of nut shells in phytoremediation has attracted increasing attention as a sustainable solution for waste recycling. Here, we determined the <i>in vitro</i> immune-modulatory activity as well as the metabolite profile of the four nut shell extracts. The addition of the extracts to LPS-stimulated macrophages, especially peanut and walnut shells, has downregulated the gene expression of AP-1, TNF-α, IL-8, iNOS, and COX-2 expression levels. Significant antioxidant capabilities and immune-modulatory effects have been traced for peanut shells. UPLC-MS metabolic profiling of the four nut shell extracts allowed the detection of a relatively high level of phenolic compounds in peanut shells. Intriguingly, a significant correlation between the antioxidant capacity and the total phenolic content was found, indicating the contribution of the phenolic compounds to the antioxidant properties and hence the immune-modulatory activity. Furthermore, molecular docking and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed kaempferol rutinoside and proanthocyanidin A5' as potential iNOS inhibitors.
Magnetic Prospection of the Pre‐Columbian Archaeological Site of El Caño in the cultural region of Gran Coclé, Panama (2014)

ABSTRACT The archaeological site of El Caño is located in the cultural region of Gran Coclé and is one of the most important pre‐Columbian ceremonial complexes of the Isthmus of Panama. El Caño is 3.57 ha in area presents a set of mounds and alignment of columns of carved basalt and tuff. The first organized occupation is dated between 100 and 400 bc , and this occupation lasted until the arrival of the Spanish conquerors. In order to determine the spatiotemporal organization of the site, the first magnetic and electrical surveys of this archaeological site were performed in 2005 and 2006. Although the resistivity mapping survey did not offer any information about buried stone structures, the magnetic survey in gradiometer mode produced well‐characterized magnetic anomalies. A circular magnetic anomaly in the central area of the site allowed the discovery of one of the largest Panamanian pre‐Columbian funerary complexes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Dual Role of Magnetic Ionic Liquids as Curing Agents of Epoxy Resin and Microwave-Absorbing Additives (2022)

The dual role of phosphonium- and imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) combined with FeCl4 counteranions as hardeners for epoxy resin (ER) and additives for improving the microwave-absorbing properties was investigated. The influence of the chemical nature of the cation on the curing process of ER was evaluated by rheometric and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. No significant curing process was observed for the ER-based systems until 7 days of storage at room temperature. DSC analysis under the dynamic mode was carried out at different heating rates to evaluate the best curing protocol and the kinetic parameters. Phosphonium-based ILs promoted faster curing rate and lower activation energy of the epoxy system, higher cross-link density observed by dynamic mechanical analysis, and better thermal stability. Moreover, ER cured with phosphonium ILs presented good microwave-absorbing properties, with minimum reflection loss values of −13.5 dB (at 9.5 GHz) and −11.5 dB (at 14.5 GHz), corresponding to more than 90% of electromagnetic attenuation. These results indicate that ER cured with these magnetic ILs can be used as promising microwave-absorbing materials in both X-band (8–12 GHz) and Ku-band (12–18 GHz).
Where Does Fitness Fit In? (2005)

Cardiorespiratory fitness, as measured by a number of relatively simple and inexpensive clinical maneuvers, provides strong and independent prognostic information about the overall risk of illness and death, especially that from cardiovascular causes. This relationship extends to men, women, and adolescents. It is valid in apparently healthy persons; in patients with a broad range of maladies, including several types of cancer and cardiovascular disease; and in at-risk patients with diabetes mellitus, the metabolic syndrome, and hypertension.13 However, despite the profoundly important prognostic information provided by simple clinical assessments of fitness, they are rarely used in the clinical setting and . . .
Rethinking m6A Readers, Writers, and Erasers (2017)

In recent years, m<sup>6</sup>A has emerged as an abundant and dynamically regulated modification throughout the transcriptome. Recent technological advances have enabled the transcriptome-wide identification of m<sup>6</sup>A residues, which in turn has provided important insights into the biology and regulation of this pervasive regulatory mark. Also central to our current understanding of m<sup>6</sup>A are the discovery and characterization of m<sup>6</sup>A readers, writers, and erasers. Over the last few years, studies into the function of these proteins have led to important discoveries about the regulation and function of m<sup>6</sup>A. However, during this time our understanding of these proteins has also evolved considerably, sometimes leading to the reversal of early concepts regarding the reading, writing and erasing of m<sup>6</sup>A. In this review, we summarize recent advances in m<sup>6</sup>A research, and we highlight how these new findings have reshaped our understanding of how m<sup>6</sup>A is regulated in the transcriptome.
Mechanisms governing selective hydrogenation of acetylene over γ-Mo2N surfaces (2017)

We demonstrate that the selective hydrogenation of acetylene depends on energy profile of the partial and full hydrogenation routes and the thermodynamic stability of adsorbed C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>in comparison to C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>.
[Retracted] Oncolytic virotherapy with human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter regulation enhances cytotoxic effects against gastric cancer (2021)

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12751.].
Glutamate receptors on human melanocytes regulate the expression of MiTF (2005)

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system but has also important functions in the epidermis. It is involved in keratinocyte barrier function and in re-epithelialization processes after wounding. Recently, glutamate signalling has been suggested to be implicated in the development of melanoma. The present study examined the expression and functionality of metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors on normal human melanocytes. We found that cultured melanocytes expressed the ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR2 and 4 [alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxsazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors] and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors 2A and 2C and possibly the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1. Melanocytes were also found to express specific glutamate transporters and decarboxylases, but appeared neither to produce nor to release l-glutamate. Stimulation with 10 or 100 microM AMPA or NMDA elevated intracellular calcium concentrations in melanocytes, and thus demonstrated the functionality of the glutamate receptors. Millimolar concentrations of l-glutamate did not induce melanocyte toxicity and had no stimulating effect on melanin production. However, blockage of AMPA and NMDA receptors with CFM-2, memantine or MK801 caused a rapid and reversible change in melanocyte morphology, which was associated with disorganisation of actin and tubulin microfilaments. After 24 h of treatment with the AMPA receptor inhibitor CFM-2, there was a sharp reduction in the expression of the crucial melanocyte differentiation and proliferation factor MiTF. The results of this study demonstrate a role for glutamate in melanocyte regulation that may have implications in melanocyte associated disorders.
The Data (2004)

The essential problem faced by this monograph is that buoyant financial markets have the inherent capacity to feed a potentially unstable disequilibrium condition until markets collapse under the ever-growing weight. Financial markets can lock themselves into a position in which an accumulated overhang can threaten their stability and can end in financial crisis. The stock-market bubble in the United States in the late 1990s and the baht crisis in Thailand in 1997 are clear examples.1 Such problems can be solved by confrontation by alert policymakers, but confrontation by policymakers can require the implementation of policies, which damage their personal reputations. Countermeasures can be suppressed for political reasons in the hope that the overhang will dissolve itself or that the crisis will not come until the policymaker is immune from the probable reaction of the electorate (political agency). Failure to identify and to eliminate the potentially disequilibrium financial condition will create distortions in the “real” economy so that the real economy must undergo substantial change in the output mix.
Molecular ultrasound imaging using microbubble contrast agents (2007)

Molecular imaging is a new field in bioscience which, by virtue of utilizing a contrast agent or reporter, facilitates early detection of the disease processes before phenotypic changes become apparent. Molecular imaging with ultrasound utilizes contrast agents that bear adhesion ligands designed to bind tissue markers specific for a disease process. Such agents can be detected by ultrasound with a great degree of sensitivity, providing both anatomical reference information as well as additional data such as molecular characteristics of the interrogated region. This review summarizes current applications and challenges of molecular ultrasound imaging and offers future technologies which likely follow as an improvement to the existing techniques. Due to the widespread availability of ultrasound and ease of use, molecular ultrasound imaging is likely to emerge as a powerful diagnostic technique.
Aripiprazole Offsets Mutant ATXN3-Induced Motor Dysfunction by Targeting Dopamine D2 and Serotonin 1A and 2A Receptors in C. elegans (2022)

The atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for the treatment of psychotic, mood, and other psychiatric disorders. Previous drug discovery efforts pinpointed aripiprazole as an effective suppressor of Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) pathogenesis, as its administration resulted in a reduced abundance and aggregation of mutant Ataxin-3 (ATXN3) proteins. Dopamine partial agonism and functional selectivity have been proposed as the main pharmacological mechanism of action of aripiprazole in the treatment of psychosis; however, this mechanism remains to be determined in the context of MJD. Here, we focus on confirming the efficacy of aripiprazole to reduce motor dysfunction in vivo, using a <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>&nbsp;(<i>C. elegans</i>) model of MJD, and on unveiling the drug targets required for its positive action against mutant ATXN3 pathogenesis. We employed pharmacogenetics and pharmacological approaches to identify which dopamine and serotonin receptors are critical for aripiprazole-mediated improvements in motor function. We demonstrated that dopamine D<sub>2</sub>-like and serotonin 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> and 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors play important roles in this process. Our findings strengthen the relevance of dopaminergic and serotoninergic signaling modulation against mutant ATXN3-mediated pathogenesis. The identification of aripiprazole's cellular targets, relevant for MJD and perhaps other neurodegenerative diseases, may pave the way for prospective drug discovery and development campaigns aiming to improve the features of this prototypical compound and reduce side effects not negligible in the case of aripiprazole.
Oxidative Catalysis (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Carbon–Oxygen Bond Oxidation Allylic Oxidation (Carbon–Hydrogen Bond) Carbon–Carbon Double Bond Oxidation Conclusion References
Isospin dependence of relative yields ofK+andK0mesons at 1.528AGeV (2007)

Results on ${K}^{+}$ and ${K}^{0}$ meson production in ${}_{44}^{96}\mathrm{Ru}$ + ${}_{44}^{96}\mathrm{Ru}$ and ${}_{40}^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$ + ${}_{40}^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$ collisions at a beam kinetic energy of 1.528$A$ GeV, measured with the FOPI detector at GSI-Darmstadt, are investigated as a possible probe of isospin effects in high-density nuclear matter. The measured double ratio (${K}^{+}/{K}^{0}$)${}_{\mathrm{Ru}}$/(${K}^{+}/{K}^{0}$)${}_{\mathrm{Zr}}$ is compared to the predictions of a thermal model and a relativistic mean field transport model using two different collision scenarios and under different assumptions on the stiffness of the symmetry energy. We find good agreement with the thermal model prediction and the assumption of a soft symmetry energy for infinite nuclear matter, while more realistic transport simulations of the collisions show a similar agreement with the data but also exhibit a reduced sensitivity to the symmetry term.
Locality-driven architectural cache sub-banking for leakage energy reduction (2007)

In most processors, caches account for the largest fraction of onchip transistors, thus being a primary candidate for tackling the leakage problem. Existing architectural solutions usually rely on customized cache structures, which are needed to implement some kind of power management policy. Memory arrays, however, are carefully developed and finely tuned by foundries, and their internal structure is typically non accessible to system designers.
Impaired Phenotype and Function of T Follicular Helper Cells in HIV-1-Infected Children Receiving ART (2015)

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are important components in development of specific humoral immune responses; whether the number and biology of Tfh cells is impaired in HIV-1-infected children is not yet studied.The frequency, phenotype, and function of Tfh cells and B cells were determined in blood of HIV-1-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and age-matched controls. Flow cytometry was used to characterize the frequency of Tfh cells and B cell subsets. Cytokine expression was measured after in vitro activation of Tfh cells.A reduced frequency of memory Tfh cells (P < 0.001) was identified in HIV-1-infected children and, on these cells, a reduced expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS) (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01). Upon activation, the capacity of Tfh cells to express IL-4, an important cytokine for B cell function, was impaired in HIV-1-infected children.B cell subpopulations in HIV-1-infected children displayed significant differences from the control group: the frequency of resting memory (RM) B cells was reduced (P < 0.01) whereas the frequency of exhausted memory B cells increased (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the decline of RM cells correlated with the reduction of memory Tfh cells (P = 0.02).Our study shows that function and phenotype of Tfh cells, pivotal cells for establishment of adaptive B cell responses, are impaired during HIV-1 infection in children. A consistent reduction of memory Tfh cells is associated with declined frequencies of RM B cells, creating a novel link between dysfunctional features of these cell types, major players in establishment of humoral immunity.
Oxygen-related radiation-induced defects in SiGe alloys (2003)

Electronic properties of the vacancy-oxygen (V-O) complex and the interstitial oxygen and carbon atom pair (C i -O i ) in unstrained Si 1-x Ge x crystals (0 < x 0.06) have been studied by means of capacitance transient techniques.The Si 1-x Ge x crystals were grown by the Czochralski method and were doped with either phosphorus or boron during growth.The V-O and C i -O i centres were introduced into the crystals by room temperature irradiation with 4 MeV electrons or with -rays from a 60 Co source.The enthalpy of electron ionization for the single acceptor level of the V-O centre relative to the conduction band edge, H n , was found to increase with a rate d( H n )/dx = 0.56 eV upon increase in Ge content.The enthalpy of hole ionization for the single donor level of the C i -O i centre relative to the valence band edge, H p , was found to decrease with a rate d( H p )/dx = -0.96eV.For both the V-O-and C i -O i -related levels no significant changes in the values of the electron (hole) capture cross section or entropy of ionization with the changes in Ge content were observed.The levels are not pinned to the conduction band edge or to the valence band edge.It is argued that the value of the enthalpy of V-O ionization can be correlated with the lattice parameter or the Si-Si bond length: the larger this parameter, the bigger the enthalpy of the ionization.