gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Optimal Topology for a Static P2P Live Streaming Network with Limited Resources (2011)

In this paper we propose a P2P live streaming topology, prove its optimality under common constraints, and match the analytical research with results from a running commercial network. We assume two types of nodes: viewers that consume the entire media, and amplifiers which are non-viewing nodes utilized for their upstream bandwidth. We analytically derive the minimum needed server upload capacity, for any topology, under the following assumptions: the amount of amplifiers and buffer time are limited, dynamics are low, and the total bandwidth required by the viewers exceeds the total upstream bandwidth of all peers. Then, we present a two-level topology and prove that it achieves the minimum possible server upload, up to a small fraction. Finally, the assumptions and derivation are supported by performing several experiments on RayV's real-world commercial system, with varying network parameters. Namely, we show our predictions are valid while varying the viewers to amplifiers ratio, the stream bit-rate, and the country of the peers. These results not only verify the analytical static predictions, but also evaluate the dynamic costs during the `flash crowd', the initial time when peers are joining the system.
Generation of High Power Radio-Frequency Pulses by Means of an Exploding Wire Technique (1961)

A method of generating high power radio-frequency pulses is described which utilizes the ``current dwell'' period which can occur when a thin wire is exploded by means of a high current. The rf oscillation occurs in a resonant circuit placed in series with the exploding wire. A circuit is described in which is obtained a 6-μsec duration pulse of 2.74-Mc oscillations.
Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation of AGARD Wing Flutter with Fully Coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0365.vid The Shear Stress Transport model based improved delayed detached eddy simulation of the AGARD Wing 445.6 is performed at the subsonic, transonic and supersonic flow with high order shock capturing schemes. An implicit unfactored Gauss-Seidel line iteration scheme is used to solve the compressible, filtered Navier-Stokes equations. The flow solver and the modal form structural solver utilize the dual time-stepping scheme to achieve fully coupled fluid-structural interaction via successive iterations using a pseudo time step. The LES sub-grid length scale based on the vorticity aligned with a grid line is used to overcome the standard sub-grid length scale's delayed flow transition problem. The predicted flutter boundary agrees well with the experiment at different Mach numbers, including the supersonic flow where the traditional RANS methods over-predict the flutter velocity index and frequency. At the transonic and supersonic flow, the torsional mode generalized displacement is decreased due to the shock oscillations over the suction and pressure surface of the wing. At the flutter boundary, no flow separation is observed at different Mach numbers.
Dimeric Tacrine(10)-hupyridone as a Multitarget-Directed Ligand To Treat Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with multiple pathological features. Therefore, a multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy has been developed to treat AD. We have previously designed and synthesized dimeric tacrine(10)-hupyridone (A10E), a novel tacrine derivative with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) activation activity, by linking tacrine and a fragment of huperzine A. However, it was largely unknown whether A10E could act on other AD targets and produce cognitive-enhancing ability in AD animal models. In this study, A10E could prevent cognitive impairments in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers-treated mice, with higher potency than tacrine and huperzine A. Moreover, A10E could effectively inhibit Aβ production and deposition, alleviate neuroinflammation, enhance BDNF expression, and elevate cholinergic neurotransmission <i>in vivo</i>. At nanomolar concentrations, A10E could inhibit Aβ oligomers-induced neurotoxicity via the activation of tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB)/Akt pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, Aβ oligomerization and fibrillization could be directly disrupted by A10E. Importantly, A10E at high concentrations did not produce obvious hepatotoxicity. Our results indicated that A10E could produce anti-AD neuroprotective effects via the inhibition of Aβ aggregation, the activation of the BDNF/TrkB pathway, the alleviation of neuroinflammation, and the decrease of AChE activity. As MTDLs could produce additional benefits, such as overcoming the deficits of drug combination and enhancing the compliance of AD patients, our results also suggested that A10E might be developed as a promising MTDL lead for the treatment of AD.
Trench Capacitor Using R.T.O. for Mega Bit DRAM's (1987)

Trench capacitor technology is required for 4M bit DRAM in order to increase packing density. In trench capacitors, it is Hell known that thermally grown oxide becomes thinner both at top corners and bottom corners of trenches, Et arises from the compressive stress occuring locally in the oxide film during oxidation. To prevent the oxide thinning effect, high temperature (>105°C) oxidation is effective because of the stress relief by viscous flow of oxide. [1]
Characterization of a New Epitope of IRBP That Induces Moderate to Severe Uveoretinitis in Mice With H-2bHaplotype (2015)

Data suggest that hIRBP651-670 is an epitope naturally processed from a conserved region of native IRBP, potentially explaining its relatively high uveitogenicity. This epitope should be useful for basic and preclinical studies of uveitis in the C57BL/6 model and gives access to genetically engineered mice available on this background.
Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of interactive videodisk instructional modules in preclinical neuropathology education (1993)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the design and implementation of 10 neuropathology interactive videodisk instructional (IVI) modules used by Michigan State University medical students in the College of Osteopathic Medicine and the College of Human Medicine. The evaluation strategy incorporated a mixed‐method approach utilizing qualitative and quantitative data to examine (a) levels of student acceptance for the modules, (b) ways in which IVI modules accommodate different learner styles, and (c) the extent to which the modules facilitate the attainment of higher level learning objectives. Most students rated the units highly for learning effectiveness, many students reported group interaction as beneficial and a majority of students expressed a desire for more IVI in the curriculum. This article includes recommendations for future application of interactive videodisk technology in the teaching/ learning process.
Delicate Structural Control of Si–SiOx–C Composite via High-Speed Spray Pyrolysis for Li-Ion Battery Anodes (2017)

Despite the high theoretical capacity, silicon (Si) anodes in lithium-ion batteries have difficulty in meeting the commercial standards in various aspects. In particular, the huge volume change of Si makes it very challenging to simultaneously achieve high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and long-term cycle life. Herein, we report spray pyrolysis to prepare Si-SiO<sub>x</sub> composite using an aqueous precursor solution containing Si nanoparticles, citric acid, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In the precursor solution, Si nanoparticles are etched by NaOH with the production of [SiO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>. During the dynamic course of spray pyrolysis, [SiO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> transforms to SiO<sub>x</sub> matrix and citric acid decomposes to carbon surface layer with the assistance of NaOH that serves as a decomposition catalyst. As a result, a Si-SiO<sub>x</sub> composite, in which Si nanodomains are homogeneously embedded in the SiO<sub>x</sub> matrix with carbon surface layer, is generated by a one-pot process with a residence time of only 3.5 s in a flow reactor. The optimal composite structure in terms of Si domain size and Si-to-O ratio exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, such as reversible capacity of 1561.9 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.06C rate and ICE of 80.2% and 87.9% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1C rate.
Macrophomina phaseolinaand Its Association with Strawberry Crown Rot in Australia (2012)

Macrophomina phaseolina has been associated with serious crown rot losses in Australian strawberries in recent years. The fungus produces microsclerotia on standard media and dark ostiolate pycnidia when grown on sterile strawberry crown tissue and wooden toothpicks. Experiments in a glasshouse to confirm Koch's postulates indicated the pathogenicity of the fungus in two cultivars, Sugarbaby and Treasure. In the field, a range of soil fumigants killed buried microsclerotia, but only a mixture of methyl bromide and chloropicrin (50:50) eradicated the fungus in infected crowns buried in the soil. This work and worldwide reports suggest that this pathogen may become more important in strawberries in the absence of methyl bromide.
An Extremely Facile Aza-Bergman Rearrangement of Sterically Unencumbered Acyclic 3-Aza-3-ene-1,5-diynes (2003)

The factors that affect the kinetics of the aza-Bergman cyclization of aza-enediynes (C,N-dialkynyl imines) have not previously been elucidated. Here we report our kinetic studies of the aza-Bergman reactions of a series of 6-triisopropylsilyl and 6-unsubstituted 1-phenyl-4-aryl-3-aza-3-ene-1,4-diynes in which the aryl group is phenyl, o-(methoxy)phenyl, or p-(methoxy)phenyl. These aza-enediynes are prepared as single isomers in modest yield from the corresponding 1-aryl-3-(triisopropylsilyl)propynone oximes. These aza-enediynes undergo aza-Bergman reaction followed by a rapid retro-aza-Bergman cyclization to afford beta-alkynyl acrylonitrile products. In no case are products corresponding to trapping the intermediate 2,5-didehydropyridine diradical isolated. While the rate of aza-Bergman cyclization is not greatly affected by the nature of the 4-aryl substituent, the rate is very dependent on the nature of the 6-substituent. 1-Phenyl-4-aryl-3-aza-3-ene-1,5-diynes that lack a 6-substituent undergo aza-Bergman cyclization spontaneously at 20 degrees C with first-order half-lives of 36-78 min. The effect of solvent on the kinetics of aza-Bergman cyclization of 1,4-diphenyl-3-aza-3-ene-1,5-diyne was investigated. The rate of this cyclization is solvent dependent, proceeding more rapidly in less polar solvents.
Lymphatic Vessels as Targets of Tumor Therapy? (2001)

Recent evidence on the association of lymphangiogenic growth factors with intralymphatic growth and metastasis of cancers ([1][1])([2][2])([3][3])([4][4]) has raised hopes that lymphatic vessels could be used as an additional target for tumor therapy. Cancer cells spread within the body by direct
On the classification of standing wave solutions to a coupled Schrödinger system (2019)

Abstract In this paper, we consider a nonlinear elliptic system which is an extension of the single equation derived by investigating the stationary states of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Dirichlet problem on the ball and entire space as the parameters within certain regions. In addition, a complete structure of different types of solutions for the radial case is also provided.
Strengths and limitations of SAFT for calculating polar copolymer-solvent phase behavior (1996)

Statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) is used to calculate the cloud-point behavior of poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) (EMA) copolymers (0–41 mol % methyl acrylate) in ethane, propane, butane, ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, chlorodifluoromethane, and dimethyl ether at temperatures to 250°C and pressures to 2,600 bar. Poor agreement is obtained between calculated and experimental data if the pure component EMA parameters used in SAFT are calculated using mixing rules that average polyethylene (PE) and poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) parameters. Therefore, two of the three pure component parameters for all of the EMA copolymers are fixed to the values reported for PE and the third parameter, uo/k, for the copolymer containing 31 mol % methyl acrylate (EMA31) is determined by fitting the EMA31-butane cloud-point curve. The value for (uo/k)PMA is then obtained using a mixing rule and the values of uo/k for all of the EMA copolymers are calculated. A good fit of all of the copolymer–solvent cloud-point curves is obtained using a temperature-independent mixture parameter, kij. With this method of calculation it is possible to correlate cloud-point data with the SAFT equation of state if a small amount of experimental data are available. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quorum-Sensing Signaling Molecule 2-Aminoacetophenone Mediates the Persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Macrophages by Interference with Autophagy through Epigenetic Regulation of Lipid Biosynthesis (2023)

Macrophages are crucial components of the host's defense against pathogens. Recent studies indicate that macrophage functions are influenced by lipid metabolism. However, knowledge of how bacterial pathogens exploit macrophage lipid metabolism for their benefit remains rudimentary. We have shown that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa MvfR-regulated quorum-sensing (QS) signaling molecule 2-aminoacetophenone (2-AA) mediates epigenetic and metabolic changes associated with this pathogen's persistence <i>in vivo</i>. We provide evidence that 2-AA counteracts the ability of macrophages to clear the intracellular P. aeruginosa, leading to persistence. The intracellular action of 2-AA in macrophages is linked to reduced autophagic functions and the impaired expression of a central lipogenic gene, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (<i>Scd1</i>), which catalyzes the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. 2-AA also reduces the expression of the autophagic genes Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (<i>ULK1</i>) and <i>Beclin1</i> and the levels of the autophagosomal membrane protein microtubule-associated protein 1, light chain 3 isoform B (LC3B) and p62. Reduced autophagy is accompanied by the reduced expression of the lipogenic gene <i>Scd1</i>, preventing bacterial clearance. Adding the SCD1 substrates palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA increases P. aeruginosa clearance by macrophages. The impact of 2-AA on lipogenic gene expression and autophagic machinery is histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) mediated, implicating the HDAC1 epigenetic marks at the promoter sites of <i>Scd1</i> and <i>Beclin1</i> genes. This work provides novel insights into the complex metabolic alterations and epigenetic regulation promoted by QS and uncovers additional 2-AA actions supporting P. aeruginosa sustainment in macrophages. These findings may aid in designing host-directed therapeutics and protective interventions against P. aeruginosa persistence. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> This work sheds new light on how P. aeruginosa limits bacterial clearance in macrophages through 2-aminoacetophenone (2-AA), a secreted signaling molecule by this pathogen that is regulated by the quorum-sensing transcription factor MvfR. The action of 2-AA on the lipid biosynthesis gene <i>Scd1</i> and the autophagic genes <i>ULK1</i> and <i>Beclin1</i> appears to secure the reduced intracellular clearance of P. aeruginosa by macrophages. In support of the 2-AA effect on lipid biosynthesis, the ability of macrophages to reduce the intracellular P. aeruginosa burden is reinstated following the supplementation of palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA. The 2-AA-mediated reduction of <i>Scd1</i> and <i>Beclin1</i> expression is linked to chromatin modifications, implicating the enzyme histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), thus opening new avenues for future strategies against this pathogen's persistence. Overall, the knowledge obtained from this work provides for developing new therapeutics against P. aeruginosa.
Localization of Late Gadolinium Enhancement and Its Association with Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients with Cardiac Sarcoidosis (2022)

Sustained ventricular tachycardia (sVT), leading to sudden cardiac death, is one of the common manifestations in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). Although late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has been reported to be associated with sVT, the relationships of its localization to sVT have not been fully evaluated.To evaluate the localization of LGE and its relationships to sVT in patients with CS, we reviewed medical record of consecutive 31 patients with CS who underwent CMR. The localization of LGE was divided into four categories: Left ventricular (LV) septum, LV free wall, right ventricular (RV) septum, and RV free wall. We investigated the association of sVT with localization of LGE and other parameters including serum biomarkers LV ejection fraction on echocardiography and Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulation on positron emission tomography (PET) -CT.Of the studied population, 8 patients (25.8%) were known to present with sVT among 31 CS patients. LGE was observed in the RV free wall in 6 patients with sVT, whereas it was in 5 patients without sVT (75.0% versus 21.7%, P = 0.022). Univariate analysis showed that only LGE in the RV free wall was associated with sVT (odds ratio [OR]: 10.80; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64-70.93, P = 0.013).LGE in the RV free wall was associated with sVT in patients with CS.
Domaines d'unicité et parcourabilité pour les manipulateurs pleinement parallèles (1998)

Les travaux presentes dans cette these portent sur l'etude geometrique et cinematique des manipulateurs pleinement paralleles. Cette etude a pour objectifs finaux la determination des domaines d'unicite et la caracterisation des domaines parcourables de l'espace de travail. Notre etude se decompose en 5 parties. La premiere partie de ce travail est consacree a une etude bibliographique des manipulateurs pleinement paralleles et plus particulierement le calcul de leur espace de travail et de leurs configurations singulieres. La deuxieme et la troisieme partie de ce rapport sont consacrees a la caracterisation des aspects pour les manipulateurs pleinement paralleles possedant une et plusieurs solutions au modele geometrique inverse respectivement. Ainsi, nous definissons les plus grands domaines de l'espace de travail sans configuration singuliere. Puis, nous definissons les plus grands domaines d'unicite, c'est-a-dire les domaines ou il est possible d'etablir une bijection entre l'espace de travail et l'ensemble articulaire a l'aide des modeles geometriques direct et inverse. En effet, dans un aspect, il est possible de changer de mode d'assemblage sans rencontrer de singularite. La quatrieme partie traite du probleme des collisions internes et externes. La definition des aspects est etendue en aspects libres pour tenir compte de ces collisions. La cinquieme partie porte sur l'analyse de la parcourabilite de l'espace de travail en vue de realiser des trajectoires discretes et continues. Cette etude pourra etre utilisee dans les logiciels de CAO-robotique pour permettre une meilleure utilisation des manipulateurs paralleles. En effet, la determination des domaines d'unicite et l'analyse de la parcourabilite dans l'espace de travail sont des outils interessants pour la planification de trajectoires ainsi que la conception et le placement des manipulateurs paralleles.
Low-Thermal-Conductive<tex>$rm DyBaCuO$</tex>Bulk Superconductor for Current Lead Application (2006)

The thermal conductivity kappa(T), thermal diffusivity alpha(T) and thermal dilatation dL(T)/L of the DyBaCuO bulk superconductor have been measured. The ab-plane kappa of the bulk at 50 K is about one third of that of the YBaCuO bulk, and moreover, the superconducting characteristics (critical current density J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> and superconducting transition temperature T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) compare favorably with those of the YBaCuO bulk. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the current lead fabricated from DyBaCuO bulk and the durability against the thermal quenching are as good as those of the YBaCuO lead. The DyBaCuO bulk is a promising material for the power current lead use to be replaced for the YBaCuO bulk
Surface water dynamics in the North American Prairie Pothole Region from Sentinel-1 dual-pol SAR time series spanning 2015 to 2018 (2019)

The Prairie Pothole Region represents an important factor of water storage and retention in the North American Great Plains. Prairie potholes typically are topographically isolated from each other but may become ephemerally connected by merging of surface water extent or when precipitation or snow melt cause them to fill and spill into neighbouring potholes. Connectivity relationships between wetlands greatly impact their storage and retention functions during flood events. Precise knowledge of surface water extent, therefore, plays a crucial role in determining temporally variable areas contributing to river runoff. Data from remote sensing systems can be used to regularly derive surface water maps over large areas at a relatively small effort, provided that image analysis is fully automatic. Synthetic aperture radars (SAR) have a high sensitivity to the occurrence of open water bodies and partly inundated vegetation. Moreover, they have the ability to collect imagery independent of weather conditions and time of day. Since 2015, the Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission has been acquiring data at a high spatial resolution and at a temporal interval of ca. 7 days over the study area located in North Dakota, USA. A fully automatic water extent retrieval processing chain taking advantage of the dual-pol capabilities of the sensor was developed for monitoring the strong inter- and intra-annual dynamics of surface water extent and partly inundated vegetation. The processing chain applies a Bayesian approach to merge SAR-based water extents with information on topography derived from a high-resolution digital terrain model in order to minimise overestimation due to bare areas and wet snow. The derived extents were validated against reference data based on multi-spectral high-resolution aerial imagery and satellite data from the PlanetScope constellation. Connectivity between pothole catchments was analysed with the help of topographical analysis. Obtained surface water dynamics and connectivity relationships between pothole catchments are interpreted in the context of discharge and precipitation data. Results show that, on average throughout the observation period 2015-2018, open water extent varied between ca. 164 km2 in May and 140 km2 in October.
Experimental and theoretical optical properties of methylammonium lead halide perovskites (2015)

The optical constants of methylammonium lead halide single crystals CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl) are interpreted with high level ab initio calculations using the relativistic quasiparticle self-consistent GW approximation (QSGW). Good agreement between the optical constants derived from QSGW and those obtained from spectroscopic ellipsometry enables the assignment of the spectral features to their respective inter-band transitions. We show that the transition from the highest valence band (VB) to the lowest conduction band (CB) is responsible for almost all the optical response of MAPbI3 between 1.2 and 5.5 eV (with minor contributions from the second highest VB and the second lowest CB). The calculations indicate that the orientation of [CH3NH3](+) cations has a significant influence on the position of the bandgap suggesting that collective orientation of the organic moieties could result in significant local variations of the optical properties. The optical constants and energy band diagram of CH3NH3PbI3 are then used to simulate the contributions from different optical transitions to a typical transient absorption spectrum (TAS).