gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Disaccharidase Activity Following Pancreatic Duct Occlusion in the Rat (1987)

The influence of pancreatic secretions on growth and brush-border enzyme activity, throughout the entire small intestine, was examined in the rat. Pancreatic secretions were excluded from the gut lumen by stapling the pancreatic ducts, without interruption of bile flow. The entire small intestine was studied as four segments; the duodenum and three distal segments of equal length. Weight of intestine and mucosa, and mucosal sucrase, isomaltase, lactase, and alkaline phosphatase activity were measured 10-15 days following pancreatic duct occlusion, or sham-operation. The duodenum of pancreatic duct-occluded animals exhibited significant hypertrophy. In general, specific and total disaccharidase activities were greater in duct-occluded animals than in controls throughout the intestine. The increase was more pronounced in distal than in proximal segments. The sucrase/isomaltase ratio was significantly greater in pancreatic duct-occluded animals than in controls in the two distal segments. Alkaline phosphatase activity was not affected by pancreatic duct occlusion. The greater relative increase of disaccharidase activities and sucrase/isomaltase activity ratios in the distal segments of duct-occluded animals, indicates a more important regulatory role of pancreatic enzymes in the distal small intestine. It is concluded that regulation of intestinal brush-border enzyme activity by pancreatic secretion is selective for enzyme and site as follows: disaccharidases, but not alkaline phosphatase, are regulated; the sucrase subunit of the sucrase/isomaltase complex is most sensitive to regulation, while lactase is least sensitive; and the regulatory effect on disaccharidases is greater in distal than in proximal intestine.
A New Method to Prepare 3-Alkyl-2-hydroxy-1,4- naphthoquinones. Synthesis of Lapachol and Phthiocol. (2013)

Alkyl-1,4-naphthoquinones constitute an important group of compounds that present some types of biological activity. 3-Substituted-2-hydroxy-1,4- naphthoquinones such as lapachol (1) exhibit a broad spectrum of activities. Lapachol (1) is also widely used by the scientific community as a raw material for the synthesis of various bioactive derivatives and analogues, with _-lapachone (2) being one of the main lapachol derivatives. For this reason, the isolation, structure elucidation and synthesis of 2-hydroxy-3-alkyl-1,4- naphthoquinones, especially lapachol, has attracted a lot of attention.
Association Analysis Indicates That a Variant GATA-Binding Site in the PIK3CB Promoter Is a Cis-Acting Expression Quantitative Trait Locus for This Gene and Attenuates Insulin Resistance in Obese Children (2007)

We postulate that the C allele of rs361072 is a causal variant capable of attenuating insulin resistance in obese children through increased expression of p110beta.
Synthesis of Sphingosine Relatives, XVIII!. Synthesis of Penazetidine A, an Alkaloid Inhibitor of Protein Kinase C Isolated from the Marine Sponge Penares sollasi (1996)

Abstract Two stereoisomers of penazetidine A ( 1a ), the azetidine alkaloid isolated from the Indo‐Pacific marine sponge Penares sollasi , were synthesized by starting from ( S )‐serine and ( R )‐or ( S )‐citronellol. The natural penazetidine A must be either (2 S ,3 R ,4 S ,12′ R )‐ or (2 S ,3 R ,4 S ,12′ S )‐ 1a .
Implications of Wide-Area Geographic Diversity for Short- Term Variability of Solar Power (2010)

Worldwide interest in the deployment of photovoltaic generation (PV) is rapidly increasing. Operating experience with large PV plants, however, demonstrates that large, rapid changes in the output of PV plants are possible. Early studies of PV grid impacts suggested that short-term variability could be a potential limiting factor in deploying PV. Many of these early studies, however, lacked high-quality data from multiple sites to assess the costs and impacts of increasing PV penetration. As is well known for wind, accounting for the potential for geographic diversity can significantly reduce the magnitude of extreme changes in aggregated PV output, the resources required to accommodate that variability, and the potential costs of managing variability. We use measured 1-min solar insolation for 23 time-synchronized sites in the Southern Great Plains network of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program and wind speed data from 10 sites in the same network to characterize the variability of PV with different degrees of geographic diversity and to compare the variability of PV to the variability of similarly sited wind. The relative aggregate variability of PV plants sited in a dense 10 x 10 array with 20 km spacing is six times less than the variability of a single site for variability on time scales less than 15-min. We find in our analysis of wind and PV plants similarly sited in a 5 x 5 grid with 50 km spacing that the variability of PV is only slightly more than the variability of wind on time scales of 5-15 min. Over shorter and longer time scales the level of variability is nearly identical. Finally, we use a simple approximation method to estimate the cost of carrying additional reserves to manage sub-hourly variability. We conclude that the costs of managing the short-term variability of PV are dramatically reduced by geographic diversity and are not substantially different from the costs for managing the short-term variability of similarly sited wind in this region.
General View of Orthoses (2004)

Braces and/or orthoses are one of the useful tools for treating stroke patients. Orthoses work to substitute for mechanical and/or functional impairments. This article discusses what orthoses are, what the purposes of orthoses are, how the orthoses are made, how long it takes to make the braces, and who makes them. Although braces and orthoses are heavier and tighter than usual shoes and clothing, they help patients a great deal in performing activities of daily living.
Reduction of Blood Pressure by Soybean Saponins, Renin Inhibitors from Soybean, in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2010)

The effect of commercial purified soybean saponin on renin activity and blood pressure was investigated. Soybean saponin significantly inhibited human renin in vitro with IC(50)=59.9 µg/ml. Orally administered soybean saponin at 80 mg/kg of body weight per day to spontaneously hypertensive rats for 8 weeks significantly decreased the blood pressure.
Photoinduced Specific Acylation of Phenolic Hydroxy Groups with Aldehydes (2020)

A convenient method is reported to specifically acylate phenolic hydroxyl groups through a radical pathway. When a mixture of an aldehyde and a phenol in ethyl acetate is irradiated with blue light in the presence of iridium and nickel bromide catalysts at ambient temperature, phenoxyl and acyl radicals are transiently generated in situ and cross-couple to furnish an ester. Aliphatic hydroxy groups remain untouched under the reaction conditions.
Interactions plantes-virus-vecteurs (2022)

La transmission des virus de plantes par vecteurs arthropodes s’opère via des interactions spécifiques entre plante, virus et vecteur. Les stratégies de transmission par vecteur sont déterminées par : la localisation du virus transmissible dans l’arthropode (transmission par virus circulant ou non circulant dans le vecteur), la durée de la relation virusvecteur (non persistante, semi-persistante ou persistante) et s’il y a réplication ou pas du virus dans l’insecte (tranmission propagative ou non propagative). La plupart des virus de plantes sont transmis horizontalement par les arthropodes, même si des réovirus, rhabodovirus et tenuivirus peuvent aussi être transmis verticalement chez le vecteur. Ce chapitre analyse des progrès récents et des questions de longue date de la biologie des vecteurs.
Long-term prophylaxis in von Willebrand disease (2005)

The majority of patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) have a mild bleeding tendency that primarily involves mucosal bleeding. Some patients with the disorder, however, have severe episodes of mucosal or joint bleeding that can hamper daily activities and lead to significant joint impairment. Experience in the setting of severe hemophilia has shown the feasibility and benefits of prophylactic treatment to prevent bleeding and development of arthropathy. This approach also needs to be evaluated in patients with VWD who require repetitive treatment for bleeding episodes. Data from a series of 35 patients (with VWD types 3, 2A, 2B, and 1) who have received long-term prophylaxis at Malmo University Hospital and Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, have demonstrated a substantial reduction of bleeding episodes since initiation of treatment. Patients who began prophylaxis at a young age (younger than 5 years) to prevent nose and mouth bleeds have had no joint bleeds and have no clinical signs of arthropathy. Treatment has been safe, with no cases of thrombosis, and no viral transmission among patients who received virus-attenuated von Willebrand factor-containing factor VIII concentrate. These data thus suggest that long-term prophylaxis is warranted in the majority of patients with type 3 VWD and in other subtypes with severe bleeding tendencies, and that such an approach may help in the avoidance of joint disease if started early. More clinical data and controlled trials are needed in order to formulate recommendations for prophylaxis in patients with VWD.
Learning Texture Manifolds with the Periodic Spatial GAN (2017)

This paper introduces a novel approach to texture synthesis based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) (Goodfellow et al., 2014). We extend the structure of the input noise distribution by constructing tensors with different types of dimensions. We call this technique Periodic Spatial GAN (PSGAN). The PSGAN has several novel abilities which surpass the current state of the art in texture synthesis. First, we can learn multiple textures from datasets of one or more complex large images. Second, we show that the image generation with PSGANs has properties of a texture manifold: we can smoothly interpolate between samples in the structured noise space and generate novel samples, which lie perceptually between the textures of the original dataset. In addition, we can also accurately learn periodical textures. We make multiple experiments which show that PSGANs can flexibly handle diverse texture and image data sources. Our method is highly scalable and it can generate output images of arbitrary large size.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of 2‐Arylhydrazonals (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Color Emotions in Large Scale Content Based Image Indexing (2011)

Traditional content based image indexing aims at developing algorithms that can analyze and index images based on their visual content. A typical approach is to measure image attributes, like colors or textures, and save the result in image descriptors, which then can be used in recognition and retrieval applications. Two topics within content based image indexing are addressed in this thesis: Emotion based image indexing, and font recognition. The main contribution is the inclusion of high-level semantics in indexing of multi-colored images. We focus on color emotions and color harmony, and introduce novel emotion and harmony based image descriptors, including global emotion histograms, a bag-of-emotions descriptor, an image harmony descriptor, and an indexing method based on Kobayashi's Color Image Scale. The first three are based on models from color science, analyzing emotional properties of single colors or color combinations. A majority of the descriptors are evaluated in psychophysical experiments. The results indicate that observers perceive color emotions and color harmony for multi-colored images in similar ways, and that observer judgments correlate with values obtained from the presented descriptors. The usefulness of the descriptors is illustrated in large scale image classification experiments involving emotion related image categories, where the presented descriptors are compared with global and local standard descriptors within this field of research. We also investigate if these descriptors can predict the popularity of images. Three image databases are used in the experiments, one obtained from an image provider, and two from a major image search service. The two from the search service were harvested from the Internet, containing image thumbnails together with keywords and user statistics. One of them is a traditional object database, whereas the other is a unique database focused on emotional image categories. A large part of the emotion database has been released to the research community. The second contribution is visual font recognition. We implemented a font search engine, capable of handling very large font databases. The input to the search engine is an image of a text line, and the output is the name of the font used when rendering the text. After pre-processing and segmentation of the input image, eigenimages are used, where features are calculated for individual characters. The performance of the search engine is illustrated with a database containing more than 2700 fonts. A system for visualizing the entire font database is also presented. Both the font search engine, and the descriptors that are related to emotions and harmony are implemented in publicly available search engines. The implementations are presented together with user statistics.
TRAIL Enhances Shikonin Induced Apoptosis through ROS/JNK Signaling in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells (2017)

Our results revealed that shikonin could inhibit cells viability and induce apoptosis of CCA cells, effects enhanced by TRAIL treatment via ROS mediated JNK signalling pathways, involving up-regulation of DR5 expression. Our results provide further insight into the mechanism underlying the anti-tumor effects of shikonin by TRAIL enhanced in CCA and a new therapeutic strategy to CCA treatment.
Ovarian Cancer and Polymorphisms in the Androgen and Progesterone Receptor Genes: A HuGE Review (2004)

Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecologic cancer among women and the second leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy worldwide. Androgens, acting through androgen receptors (ARs), have been implicated in the disease, while progestins, acting through progesterone receptors (PGRs), may provide protection against the disease. The PGR gene contains several polymorphisms in the hormone-binding domain, three of which are in linkage disequilibrium (a complex referred to as PROGINS). PROGINS has been associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer. This association has not been found consistently, and it may be limited to women who do not use oral contraceptives. The AR gene contains a trinucleotide CAG repeat, the length of which has been inversely associated with the ability of the AR-ligand complex to transactivate androgen-responsive genes. Data on the association between the AR repeat length and ovarian cancer, both in general and among carriers of mutations in the breast cancer 1 and 2 (BRCA1/2) genes, are inconclusive. There is insufficient evidence that polymorphisms in either the PGR gene or the AR gene may be a risk factor for ovarian cancer, alone or in combination with other factors. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and clinical validity of the PROGINS and AR CAG repeat assays are unknown. No recommendations for population-based screening can be made.
An Integrated Analytical Model of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motors System (2022)

In this paper, an analytical model of permanent magnet brushless dc motors (BLDCM) coupled with inverter is proposed visa field-circuit coupled method. Firstly, the relationship between the motor supply voltage and the DC-link voltage is analyzed based on the modulation scheme and the operation period of BLDCM. Then, a total solution matrix containing the analytical relations of motor supply voltage, current and motor structure parameters is established to calculate the vector potentials and the currents simultaneously. As a result, the output torque is calculated accurately. The proposed model can consider the influence of the motor structure, such as slotting, spatial distribution of the windings, etc, and control parameters on the motor performance. Compared with the simulation results of the field-circuit coupled time-stepping finite element model and experimental results, the proposed model is with high accuracy and rapidity for the current and output torque calculation. Furthermore, based on the proposed model, the effects of the pole arc ratio, air-gap length, coil turns and lead angle on the average torque and torque-current ratio are researched, which can provide the guidance for the fast optimal design of the BLDCM system.
Infectious cDNA Clone of Hypovirus CHV1-Euro7: a Comparative Virology Approach To Investigate Virus-Mediated Hypovirulence of the Chestnut Blight FungusCryphonectria parasitica (1999)

We report the construction of a full-length infectious cDNA clone for hypovirus CHV1-Euro7, which is associated with reduced virulence (hypovirulence) of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. Field strains infected with CHV1-Euro7 are more virulent and exhibit less severe phenotypic changes (hypovirulence-associated traits) than strains infected with the prototypic hypovirus CHV1-EP713, for which the first infectious cDNA clone was developed. These differences exist even though the two hypoviruses show extensive sequence identities: 87 to 93% and 90 to 98% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. The relative contributions of viral and host genomes to phenotypic traits associated with hypovirus infection were examined by transfecting synthetic transcripts of the two hypovirus cDNAs independently into two different virus-free C. parasitica strains, EP155 and Euro7(-v). Although the contribution of the viral genome was clearly predominant, the final magnitude and constellation of phenotypic changes were a function of contributions by both genomes. The high level of sequence identity between the two hypoviruses also allowed construction of viable chimeras and mapping of the difference in symptom expression observed for the two viruses to the open reading frame B coding domain. Implications of these results for engineering enhanced biological control and elucidating the basis for hypovirus-mediated attenuation of fungal virulence are discussed.
Robust and efficient image-based 3d modeling (2010)

In this dissertation, I report the progress towards building a robust and efficient 3D reconstruction system based on stereo vision. Stereo vision is known to be quite fragile in practice due to specular highlights, lack of texture, lighting variations, image blurring, etc. In this dissertation, I focus on exploiting the relationships between illuminants, surface reflection and shape to increase the robustness of stereo vision. I first present a new image transform for matching low-textured regions and then a robust solution for illumination chromaticity estimation based on a new correspondence matching invariant called Illumination Chromaticity Constancy. I next propose a new framework based on bilateral filtering and loopy belief propagation for simultaneous estimation of surface reflectance and shape with the assumption that the illumination chromaticity can be correctly estimated. Two new bilateral filtering algorithms with computational complexity invariant to filter kernel size and a new belief propagation with computational complexity invariant to the disparity search range are then presented to reduce the speed and memory cost.
The potential of solanezumab and gantenerumab to prevent Alzheimer’s disease in people with inherited mutations that cause its early onset (2017)

Anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies are being tested in subjects at the preclinical stage of ADAD and even in symptom-free subjects at risk of developing SAD. The subsequent DIAN-TU Adaptive Prevention Trial is a 4-year study that will assess whether such biomarker effects may stop the progress of the AD process, preventing cognitive symptoms. The hope is to interfere in the disease course when it is not too late. A clinical success of these prevention trials would represent the proof of the Aβ hypothesis of AD.
INLAB: A hybrid XML query optimization technique (2006)

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An Integrated Design Environment to Evaluate Power/Performance Tradeoffs for Sensor Network Applications (2003)

Abstract : Networks of inexpensive, low-power sensing nodes that can monitor the environment, perform limited processing on the samples, and detect events of interest in a collaborative fashion are fast becoming a reality. Examples of such monitoring and detection include target tracking based on acoustic signatures and line -of-bearing estimation, climate control, intrusion detection, etc. The advances in low-power radio technology are making wireless communication within sensor networks an attractive option. However, it is typically difficult or impossible to replenish energy resources available to a portable sensor node, once it is deployed. Maximizing the life of sensor nodes is an overriding priority, and different energy optimization techniques are being developed to address computation/communication tradeoffs. A large number of research efforts are focusing on different aspects of the general problem of designing efficient sensor network-based systems - where the metrics to measure efficiency vary from system to system. With technological advancements such as silicon-based radios expected to become a reality in a few years, designers of sensor network-based systems will be faced with an extremely large set of design decisions. Each choice will affect the overall system performance in ways that might not always be cleanly modeled. In addition to the research challenges in design and optimization, the practical aspects of designing real-world sensor networks will become equally important. For example, the ability of the design framework to allow rapid specification and evaluation of a particular network configuration is critical for a more exhaustive exploration of the design space. A design environment for future sensor networks should provide tools and formal methodologies that will allow designers to model, analyze, optimize, and simulate such systems.