gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Enhanced DMT-optimality Criterion for STBC-schemes for Asymmetric\n MIMO Systems (2012)

For any $n_t$ transmit, $n_r$ receive antenna ($n_t\\times n_r$) MIMO system\nin a quasi-static Rayleigh fading environment, it was shown by Elia et al. that\nlinear space-time block code-schemes (LSTBC-schemes) which have the\nnon-vanishing determinant (NVD) property are diversity-multiplexing gain\ntradeoff (DMT)-optimal for arbitrary values of $n_r$ if they have a code-rate\nof $n_t$ complex dimensions per channel use. However, for asymmetric MIMO\nsystems (where $n_r &lt; n_t$), with the exception of a few LSTBC-schemes, it is\nunknown whether general LSTBC-schemes with NVD and a code-rate of $n_r$ complex\ndimensions per channel use are DMT-optimal. In this paper, an enhanced\nsufficient criterion for any STBC-scheme to be DMT-optimal is obtained, and\nusing this criterion, it is established that any LSTBC-scheme with NVD and a\ncode-rate of $\\min\\{n_t,n_r\\}$ complex dimensions per channel use is\nDMT-optimal. This result settles the DMT-optimality of several well-known,\nlow-ML-decoding-complexity LSTBC-schemes for certain asymmetric MIMO systems.\n
Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of the exo-7-Aryl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Framework of Psoracorylifols B and C Using a Carbonyl Ylide Cycloaddition Strategy (2010)

Conse-quently, the development of an enantioselective version of this sequence catalyzed by chiral dirhodium(II) complexes has be-come a challenging objective. In this process, the chiral dirho-dium(II) catalyst must be capable of associating with carbonyl ylide intermediates in the cycloaddition step,
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL CATALYTIC EFFECT OF TERTIARY PHOSPHINE OXIDES AND DICHLORIDES FOR THE REACTION OF CHLORINE WITH CARBON MONOXIDE. A PREPARATIVE METHOD OF A PHOSGENE SOLUTION (1980)

Abstract Kohlenmonoxid reagiert bei Raumtemperatur und einem Druck von 5 at mit einer Lösung von Chlor in Tetrachlormethan in Gegenwart des Phosphinoxids (Ia) zu Phosgen in über 90%iger Ausbeute.
Global human–computer systems: cultural determinants of usability (2003)

Not so long ago, the practical relevance of cultural issues was widely ignored - if not questioned - in Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) related literature. Initially, the awareness of the importance of human aspects of computer systems shifted the attention of researchers from how computer systems work to how people use these systems in their work. However, the increasing use of such systems in different cultural contexts, and observations that different people think in different ways, put forth the issue of the degree to which the use of such systems is really a matter of culture. Meanwhile, the importance of cultural issues has been evident in many other applied disciplines. Studies have applied concepts of culture from sociology, social psychology, and anthropology. Nevertheless, there are controversies concerning the definition and the use of the concept of culture. When defining culture, researchers often refer to patterns of values, attitudes, and behaviours, which are shared by two or more people. They further point out that culture is socially acquired, and that relationships with other people, relationships with the environment, and assumptions in term of space and language (for example) affect and shape culture, and are themselves affected by the culture.
Electrical properties of chromium films (1999)

We have investigated experimentally the influence of a constant electric current on the magnitude and temperature dependence of the resistance of chromium films prepared by vacuumthermal condensation. The results are interpreted in terms of the Fröhlich conductivity model.
Evaluation of the Estrogenic Activity of the Wild Pueraria mirifica by Vaginal Cornification Assay (2007)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the estrogenic activity of tuberous samples of phytoestrogen-rich Pueraria mirifica collected from 25 of 76 provinces in Thailand by vaginal cornification assay. Tuberous powders were prepared and administered to ovariectomized rats for 14 consecutive days at dosages of 10, 100 and 1,000 mg/kg BW respectively, and were compared with a daily treatment with 2 mg/kg BW 17beta-estradiol (E(2)). Rats treated with 10 mg/kg BW Pueraria mirifica showed no vaginal cornification. Treatment with 100 mg/kg BW Pueraria mirifica from 13 out of 25 plant samples resulted in development of vaginal cornification. The cell count percentages of the vaginal smeared cells for the treatment with the 2 plant samples that exhibited the fastest vaginal cornification revealed large variation in their estrogenic activities. Treatment with 1,000 mg/kg BW Pueraria mirifica from all plant samples produced vaginal cornification with the mean value for the period (day) of first appearance of cornified cells being 4.08 days compared to 2 days with 2 mg/kg BW E(2). The overall appearance period (day) of cornified cells during the treatment and post-treatment period with 1,000 mg/kg BW per day Pueraria mirifica was shorter than treatment with 2 mg/kg BW E(2). The results demonstrate that the plant population shows differential estrogenic activity as evaluated by vaginal cornification assay.
PERFORMANCE LEVEL 2 BRIDGE RAILINGS (1990)

The highway profession is in the process of upgrading performance of bridge railing systems. In 1989 the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials adopted the Guide Specifications for Bridge Railings. That document addresses bridge railing systems for three levels of performance. Proof of performance should be demonstrated by full-scale crash tests set forth in that guide, and there is a general trend toward full-scale crash testing of new highway safety hardware in the highway industry. Performance level selection procedures included in the guide indicate that a performance level 2 (PL 2) railing is needed on many new bridge structures. This level has a strength test with an 18,000-lb single-unit truck striking the railing at 50 mph and at a 15-degree angle. The specified height of the center of gravity of the test truck is 49 in. Other tests with smaller vehicles are also required of a PL 2 railing. Four railing designs have been tested in a continuing pooled-funds study involving 23 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal Highway Administration. The railings included one steel beam-and-post design and three concrete parapet designs. Performance of these railings in full-scale tests indicates that they are all acceptable for PL 2 of the 1989 guide specifications. All railings were sufficiently strong that no structural distress was observed except in the bolted rail-to-post connections in the metal railing. In all tests except one, vehicles were contained and redirected with reasonably good stability in roll and tracking with small exit angles and acceptable collision severity values. The exception was the 18,000-lb truck test on the New Jersey safety shape concrete parapet. In this test the vehicle finally rolled onto its side (away from the railing). This is considered acceptable behavior.
Hundreds of ankyrin‐like repeats in functionally diverse proteins: Mobile modules that cross phyla horizontally? (1993)

Based on pattern searches and systematic database screening, almost 650 different ankyrin-like (ANK) repeats from nearly all phyla have been identified; more than 150 of them are reported here for the first time. Their presence in functionally diverse proteins such as enzymes, toxins, and transcription factors strongly suggests domain shuffling, but their occurrence in prokaryotes and yeast excludes exon shuffling. The spreading mechanism remains unknown, but in at least three cases horizontal gene transfer appears to be involved. ANK repeats occur in at least four consecutive copies. The terminal repeats are more variable in sequence. One feature of the internal repeats is a predicted central hydrophobic alpha-helix, which is likely to interact with other repeats. The functions of the ankyrin-like repeats are compatible with a role in protein-protein interactions.
Ultrasonic trapping of paramecia and estimation of their locomotive force (1997)

Ultrasonic trapping of locomotive organisms was studied by using paramecia of ∼0.2 mm size. An ultrasonic standing wave of ∼3 MHz was generated in a sample cell to trap the paramecia. When the ultrasonic oscillation was turned on, paramecia began to swim along the nodes of the standing wave. Furthermore, when two ultrasonic waves were crossed orthogonally in a thin sample cell, paramecia were trapped at the lattice points of the nodes. The trapping efficiency increased with the ultrasonic power density. The locomotive force of the paramecia was estimated from the threshold power density for trapping.
In vitro assessment of the influence of intravenous extension set materials on insulin aspart drug delivery (2018)

Insulin is a frequently prescribed drug in hospitals and is usually administered by syringe pumps with an extension line which can be made of various materials. Two insulin solutions were studied: an insulin analogue, Novorapid® which contains insulin aspart and two phenolic preservatives (e.g. phenol and metacresol) and Umuline rapide® with human insulin and metacresol as preservative. Some studies have indicated interactions between insulin, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE). The aim of this work was to study such interactions between Novorapid® or Umuline rapide® and infusion extension line materials (PVC, PE and coextruded (PE/PVC)). Insulin solution at 1 IU/mL was infused at 2 mL/h over 24 hours with 16 different extension lines (8 in PVC, 3 in PE and 5 in PE/PVC). Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography with diode array detection (UFLC-DAD) was performed to quantify insulin (human and aspart) and preservatives (metacresol and phenol). Limited human insulin sorption was observed thirty minutes after the onset of infusion: 24.3 ± 12.9%, 3.1 ± 1.6% and 18.6 ± 10.0% for PVC, PE and PE/PVC respectively. With insulin aspart, sorption of about 5% was observed at the onset of infusion for all materials. However, there were interactions between phenol and especially metacresol with PVC, but no interactions with PE and PE/PVC. This study shows that insulin interacts with PVC, PE and PE/PVC at the onset of infusion. It also demonstrates that insulin preservatives interact with PVC, which may result in problems of insulin conservation and conformation. Some more studies are required to understand the clinical impact of the latter during infusion.
Modeling and Characterization of Traffic in Public Safety Wireless Networks (2006)

In this paper, we present statistical analysis of traffic in a deployed circuit-switched, trunked cellular wireless network used by public safety agencies. Prior analysis considered traffic from three busy hours during two days in 2001. Traffic data in this study span various time periods in 2001, 2002, and 2003. We examine the statistical distribution and autocorrelation function of call inter-arrival and call holding times during several busy hours. We find that call interarrival times are long-range dependent and may be modeled by both Weibull and gamma distributions. Call holding times follow the lognormal distribution and are uncorrelated. These findings indicate that traditional Erlang models for voice traffic may not be suitable for evaluating the performance of trunked radio networks. 1.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED THIOUREAS AND SCHIFF BASES FROM ORGANIC ISOTHIOCYANATES IN DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE (1974)

Abstract Isothiocyanate (I) reagieren mit überschüssigem Dimethylsulfoxid (II) beim Erhitzen unter Abspaltung von Carbonylsulfid zu symmetrischen Thioharnstoffen (III).
Open Access for the Australian Medical Librarian (2008)

'An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good' (Budapest Open Access Initiative). Recent events are transforming the possibility of this unprecedented public good into a reality, with medical literature leading the way. The Directory of Open Access Journals lists close to 3,200 fully open access, peer-reviewed scholarly journals as of February 2008. More than 400 of the journals in DOAJ are in the health sciences. DOAJ is growing rapidly, adding more than 1.5 titles per calendar day. PubMedCentral (PMC) is the world's largest open access archive, with well over a million items. An international network, PMC International, is envisioned, with copies of the whole archive around the world for preservation and security, as well as a local option for deposit. Watch for rapid growth of PMC as medical research funders, including the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Wellcome Trust, the U.K. Medical Research Council, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, among others, are requiring public or open access to the research they fund. There are implications, and leadership opportunities, for librarians in the open access environment.
NGS-based reverse genetic screen for common embryonic lethal mutations compromising fertility in livestock (2016)

We herein report the result of a large-scale, next generation sequencing (NGS)-based screen for embryonic lethal (EL) mutations in Belgian beef and New Zealand dairy cattle. We estimated by simulation that cattle might carry, on average, ∼0.5 recessive EL mutations. We mined exome sequence data from >600 animals, and identified 1377 stop-gain, 3139 frame-shift, 1341 splice-site, 22,939 disruptive missense, 62,399 benign missense, and 92,163 synonymous variants. We show that cattle have a comparable load of loss-of-function (LoF) variants (defined as stop-gain, frame-shift, or splice-site variants) as humans despite having a more variable exome. We genotyped >40,000 animals for up to 296 LoF and 3483 disruptive missense, breed-specific variants. We identified candidate EL mutations based on the observation of a significant depletion in homozygotes. We estimated the proportion of EL mutations at 15% of tested LoF and 6% of tested disruptive missense variants. We confirmed the EL nature of nine candidate variants by genotyping 200 carrier × carrier trios, and demonstrating the absence of homozygous offspring. The nine identified EL mutations segregate at frequencies ranging from 1.2% to 6.6% in the studied populations and collectively account for the mortality of ∼0.6% of conceptuses. We show that EL mutations preferentially affect gene products fulfilling basic cellular functions. The resulting information will be useful to avoid at-risk matings, thereby improving fertility.
Preparation of high-temperature stable Si-B-C-N fibers from tailored single source polyborosilazanes (2005)

Author: Bernard, S. et al.; Genre: Journal Article; Issued: 2005; Keywords: MPI für Metallforschung; Abt. Aldinger; ; Title: Preparation of high-temperature stable Si-B-C-N fibers from tailored single source polyborosilazanes
EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF FLUID FLOW PATTERNS ON S1P1 AND S1P2 RECEPTORS (2011)

Atherosclerotic lesions preferentially occur at vessel bifurcations and bends where local fluid flow can be classified as ‘disturbed’ or associated with oscillatory low shear stress. Recent evidence suggests a key role of Sphingosine 1 Phosphate (S1P) signaling in atherosclerosis. S1P binding to receptors S1P1 and S1P3 have shown to have atheroprotective effects whereas S1P signaling via S1P2 has shown to be proatherogenic. Using our newly developed microfluidic Endothelial Cell (EC) Culture Model (ECCM), we investigated how the fluid flow behaviors regulate/influence S1P signaling in ECs. Cells cultured under disturbed flow exhibited low levels of S1P1 and high expression of S1P2.
Using a handheld stereo depth camera to overcome limited field‐of‐view in simulation imaging for radiation therapy treatment planning (2017)

The use of HSDC for obtaining missing surface data during simulation has a number of advantages, such as, ease of use, low cost, and no additional ionizing radiation. It may provide a clinically practical solution to deal with the longstanding problem of CT image truncations in radiation therapy treatment planning.
Seismic imaging of a convergent continental margin and plateau in the central Andes (Andean Continental Research Project 1996 (ANCORP'96)) (2003)

A 400‐km‐long seismic reflection profile (Andean Continental Research Project 1996 (ANCORP'96)) and integrated geophysical experiments (wide‐angle seismology, passive seismology, gravity, and magnetotelluric depth sounding) across the central Andes (21°S) observed subduction of the Nazca plate under the South American continent. An east dipping reflector (Nazca Reflector) is linked to the down going oceanic crust and shows increasing downdip intensity before gradual breakdown below 80 km. We interpret parts of the Nazca Reflector as a fluid trap located at the front of recent hydration and shearing of the mantle, the fluids being supplied by dehydration of the oceanic plate. Patches of bright (Quebrada Blanca Bright Spot) to more diffuse reflectivity underlie the plateau domain at 15–30 km depth. This reflectivity is associated with a low‐velocity zone, P to S wave conversions, the upper limits of high conductivity and high V p / V s ratios, and to the occurrence of Neogene volcanic rocks at surface. We interpret this feature as evidence of widespread partial melting of the plateau crust causing decoupling of the upper and lower crust during Neogene shortening and plateau growth. The imaging properties of the continental Moho beneath the Andes indicate a broad transitional character of the crust‐mantle boundary owing to active processes like hydration of mantle rocks (in the cooler parts of the plate margin system), magmatic underplating and intraplating under and into the lowermost crust, mechanical instability at Moho, etc. Hence all first‐order features appear to be related to fluid‐assisted processes in a subduction setting.
Auditory Alarms: From Alerting to Informing (2000)

The current alarm and warning systems in medical domains are integrated into patient monitoring devices and are centered around the concept of alerting operators to potential problems without specifying the specific nature of the problem. In contrast, informative auditory alarms and warning systems have been proposed for next-generation monitoring equipment. These “auditory displays” would present meaningful diagnostic information to care providers while not interrupting their other activities, and not demanding visual attention. Our work has documented the problems in the critical care setting with alarms. We report here the results of observations made during experiments conducted using eye-tracking techniques to determine patterns of information during real and simulated anesthesia cases. We classify monitoring behaviors into four categories of information seeking, and discuss the implications of these behaviors for design of informative auditory displays.
Structure, reactivity and thermochemical properties of protonated lactic acid (2004)

The protonation energetics of lactic acid (LA) were experimentally determined by the kinetic method including the entropy effect. The values (proton affinity, PA(LA) = 817.4 +/- 4.3 kJ mol(-1); protonation entropy, DeltaS degrees (p)(LA) = -2 +/- 5 J K(-1) mol(-1); gas-phase basicity, GB(LA) = 784.5 +/- 4.5 kJ mol(-1)) agree satisfactorily with computed G2(MP2) expectations (PA(LA) = 811.8 kJ mol(-1); DeltaS degrees (p)(LA) = -7.1 J K(-1) mol(-1); GB(LA) = 777.4 kJ mol(-1)). The fragmentation behaviour of protonated lactic acid (LAH(+)) is dominated by carbon monoxide loss followed by elimination of a water molecule. Direct dehydration of LAH(+) is only a high-energy process hardly competitive with the CO loss. A complete mechanistic scheme, based on MP2/6-31G* calculations, is proposed; it involves isomerization of the various protonated forms of LA and the passage through the ion-neutral complex between the 2-hydroxypropyl acylium cation and a water molecule.
Ecological specialization in mycorrhizal symbiosis leads to rarity in an endangered orchid (2010)

Terrestrial orchid germination, growth and development are closely linked to the establishment and maintenance of a relationship with a mycorrhizal fungus. Mycorrhizal dependency and specificity varies considerably between orchid taxa but the degree to which this underpins rarity in orchids is unknown. In the context of examining orchid rarity, large scale in vitro and in situ germination trials complemented by DNA sequencing were used to investigate ecological specialization in the mycorrhizal interaction of the rare terrestrial orchid Caladenia huegelii. Common and widespread sympatric orchid congeners were used for comparative purposes. Germination trials revealed an absolute requirement for mycorrhisation with compatibility barriers to germination limiting C. huegelii to a highly specific and range limited, efficacious mycorrhizal fungus. DNA sequencing confirmed fidelity between orchid and fungus across the distribution range of C. huegelii and at key life history stages within its life cycle. It was also revealed that common congeners could swap or share fungal partners including the fungus associated with the rare orchid but not vice versa. Data from this study provides evidence for orchid rarity as a cause and consequence of high mycorrhizal specialization. This interaction must be taken into account in efforts to mitigate the significant extinction risk for this species from anthropogenically induced habitat change and illustrates the importance of understanding fungal specificity in orchid ecology and conservation.
Hematologic determinants of cardiac remodelling and cardiac index in sickle cell disease patients (2013)

Background: In sickle cell disease (SCD), relationship between cardiac remodeling, cardiac index (CI) and haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC) and foetal hb (HbF) have not been well characterized. Methods: We interrogated our hospital database including 1780 SCD patients. Inclusion criteria were: patients with SS or ST° sickle cell disease having an echocardiography and without pregnancy. 656 SS-ST° were included in the analysis with a mean age of 31 (25; 40). SCD patients were compared with 25 age-matched black healthy subjects. Echocardiography included M-mode, 2D, pulsed Doppler and LV tissue Doppler. Results: Compared to control, SCD had significant higher left ventricular diastolic diameter indexed to body surface area (LVEDDind), left atria diameter indexed (LADind), CI, and lower LVEF. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) was not different between the two last groups. In SCD, LVEF was not correlated with Hb (p=0.74) whereas CI and LVEDDind were (both R:0.25, p<0.0001). Systolic dysfunction (LVEF<50%) was observed in only 3.4%. There was poor relationship between LVEDD and CI (R=0.15, p=0.01). Patients were divided in quartiles of CI and LVEDDind. Patients in the fourth quartiles (Q4) of LVEDDind (median/range: 35 (34; 37)) and of CI (4.7 (4.5; 5.3)) versus the three others quartiles (Q1-3) had significantly lower Hb, HbF and RCB and higher lactate dehydrognease and bilirubin which are associated with hemolysis. Patients in Q4 LVEDDind had lower heart rate, LVEF and higher CI, LADind, sPAP, severity of mitral regurgitation, compared to Q1-3. Patients in Q4 CI had higher heart rate, LVEDDind, LADind, sPAP, and lower E/A compared to Q1-3. Determinants of Q4 LVEDDind and CI using multivariate binomial regression analysis were respectively lower Hb and HbF and lower RBC and HbF. Patients with alpha-thalassemic one or two gene deletions had less anemia and significant lower cardiac remodeling CI. Conclusion: In SCD, cardiac remodeling and elevated cardiac output are determined by hematologic variables and associated with hemolytic pattern.