gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterojunction oxide thin-film transistors (2020)

Metal oxide (MO) semiconductors are an important class of materials for a large range of (opto)electronic applications, including as active channel material in thinfilm transistors (TFTs) for display technologies. Research effort in this field focuses on the improvement of device characteristics, with one of the main figures of merit being the electron mobility, as well as the stability against bias stress. While TFTs with a single layer MO as the channel material are limited by the inherent bulk properties of that MO, using heterojunctions (HJs) of bilayer or multilayer stacks instead offers ways to overcome those limitations. For example, interface effects such as the formation of a two-dimensional electron gas, can enhance the mobility beyond that of the single material components of the HJ. On the other hand, the combination of two layers with distinct functionalities (e.g. high mobility of material 1 with high stability and low off-currents for material 2) gives rise to well-balanced overall device characteristics that would not be achievable with either MO by itself. This chapter gives an overview of the materials, mechanisms and improvements involved with heterojunction metal oxide TFTs
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL AND NEUROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE MECHANISMS OF THE ANTICONVULSANT EFFECT OF THE NEW ORIGINAL COMPOUND GIZH-298 (2016)

The aim of this study was to investigate the electrophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms of the anticonvulsant effect of a new original compound GIZH-298 and to define the leading structure as the target for influence compound. Materials and Methods. The partial (focal) and secondary generalized seizures were modeled by methods of creation a chronic epileptic focus that was caused by cobalt applique on the brain of rats. The liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis used for neurochemical study of the effect GIZH-298. There was studied the effect on metabolism and quantity of biogenic amines in the brain structures of rats. Results. It was found that GIZH-298 at a dose of 60 mg / kg (i.p.) has a pronounced effect on the primary and especially secondary generalized epileptic foci in various brain structures with a primary influence on the cortex. GIZH-298 at a dose of 60 mg / kg caused a statistically significant increase in the content of serotonin and dopamine in the frontal cortex after 30 minutes after the administration and reduced the rate of metabolism of dopamine in the dorsal striatum. Conclusion. The anticonvulsant effect GIZH-298 is enhanced with increased of epileptic system, may be due to increased synthesis of serotonin and dopamine in the cortex, and decreased metabolism of the latter in the striatum.
All-Trans Retinoic Acid Enhances Bacterial Flagellin-Stimulated Proinflammatory Responses in Human Monocyte THP-1 Cells by Upregulating CD14 (2019)

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an active form of vitamin A, exerts immunomodulatory functions. In this study, we examined the immune potentiating effect of ATRA on bacterial flagellin-induced NF-<i>κ</i>B activation and proinflammatory cytokine production in human monocytic cell line THP-1. ATRA treatment significantly enhanced the flagellin-induced NF-<i>κ</i>B/AP-1 activity in THP-1 via the RAR/RXR pathway. Similarly, ATRA enhanced the expression and production of TNF-<i>α</i> and IL-1<i>β</i> in THP-1 cells upon flagellin challenge. The cell surface expression of toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), which is the receptor for bacterial flagellin, was significantly reduced by ATRA in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. To determine the mechanisms underlying the ATRA-enhanced immune response against bacterial flagellin despite the reduced cell surface expression of TLR5 in ATRA-treated THP-1, we examined the cell surface expression of CD14, which has been proposed to be a TLR co-receptor that enhances the response to microbial components. The cell surface expression of CD14 was significantly enhanced by ATRA treatment, especially in the presence of flagellin. Anti-CD14 antibody treatment prior to ATRA and flagellin treatments completely abolished ATRA-enhanced TNF-<i>α</i> and IL-1<i>β</i> production. Our results suggest that ATRA enhances flagellin-stimulated proinflammatory responses in human monocyte THP-1 cells by upregulating CD14 in a RAR/RXR-dependent manner.
Chromatin Modifications by Methylation and Ubiquitination: Implications in the Regulation of Gene Expression (2006)

It is more evident now than ever that nucleosomes can transmit epigenetic information from one cell generation to the next. It has been demonstrated during the past decade that the posttranslational modifications of histone proteins within the chromosome impact chromatin structure, gene transcription, and epigenetic information. Multiple modifications decorate each histone tail within the nucleosome, including some amino acids that can be modified in several different ways. Covalent modifications of histone tails known thus far include acetylation, phosphorylation, sumoylation, ubiquitination, and methylation. A large body of experimental evidence compiled during the past several years has demonstrated the impact of histone acetylation on transcriptional control. Although histone modification by methylation and ubiquitination was discovered long ago, it was only recently that functional roles for these modifications in transcriptional regulation began to surface. Highlighted in this review are the recent biochemical, molecular, cellular, and physiological functions of histone methylation and ubiquitination involved in the regulation of gene expression as determined by a combination of enzymological, structural, and genetic methodologies.
Highly purified murine interleukin 5 (IL-5) stimulates eosinophil function and prolongs in vitro survival. IL-5 as an eosinophil chemotactic factor. (1988)

The recent molecular cloning of the complementary DNA encoding T cell--replacing factor (TRF) has demonstrated that a single molecule is responsible for B cell growth factor II (BCGF-II) activity and eosinophil differentiation activity. It has been proposed that this molecule be called interleukin 5 (IL-5). We previously reported that purified rIL-5 supports the terminal differentiation and proliferation of eosinophilic precursors. In this study, we examined the effects of IL-5 on functional activities of mature eosinophils. IL-5 maintained the viability of mature eosinophils obtained from peritoneal exudate cells of mice infected with parasites. It also induced superoxide anion production in a dose-dependent manner. The Boyden's chamber Millipore assay revealed that IL-5 had a marked chemokinetic effect on eosinophils in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, IL-5 was found to be an eosinophil chemotactic factor by the checkerboard assay. In conclusion, IL-5 is suggested to play an important role in increasing the functional activities of eosinophils as well as their production in allergic and parasitic diseases.
Evolution of GA Metabolic Enzymes in Land Plants (2020)

Gibberellins (GAs) play key roles in various developmental processes in land plants. We studied the evolutionary trends of GA metabolic enzymes through a comprehensive homology search and phylogenetic analyses from bryophytes to angiosperms. Our analyses suggest that, in the process of evolution, plants were able to acquire GA metabolic enzymes in a stepwise manner and that the enzymes had rapidly diversified in angiosperms. As a good example of their rapid diversification, we focused on the GA-deactivating enzyme, GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox). Although the establishment of a GA system first occurred in lycophytes, its inactivation system mediated by GA2oxs was established at a much later time: the rise of gymnosperms and the rise of angiosperms through C19-GA2ox and C20-GA2ox development, respectively, as supported by the results of our direct examination of their enzymatic activities in vitro. Based on these comprehensive studies of GA metabolic enzymes, we discuss here that angiosperms rapidly developed a sophisticated system to delicately control the level of active GAs by increasing their copy numbers for their survival under different challenging environments.
Magnesium-Promoted N-Selective Alkylation of Amides and Carbamates (2010)

The authors describe a stereospecific N-alkylation of 2-pyridones, amides, and ­carbamates with chiral α-halocarboxylic acids 2. ­Stereospecific addition of oxygen nucleophiles to 2 are known, but secondary amide nucleophiles pose a bigger challenge in this reaction because of undesired competitive O-alkylation and base-promoted substrate or product racemization.
The Effect of Automatic Gain Control Structure and Release Time on Cochlear Implant Speech Intelligibility (2013)

Nucleus cochlear implant systems incorporate a fast-acting front-end automatic gain control (AGC), sometimes called a compression limiter. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of replacing the front-end compression limiter with a newly proposed envelope profile limiter. A secondary objective was to investigate the effect of AGC speed on cochlear implant speech intelligibility. The envelope profile limiter was located after the filter bank and reduced the gain when the largest of the filter bank envelopes exceeded the compression threshold. The compression threshold was set equal to the saturation level of the loudness growth function (i.e. the envelope level that mapped to the maximum comfortable current level), ensuring that no envelope clipping occurred. To preserve the spectral profile, the same gain was applied to all channels. Experiment 1 compared sentence recognition with the front-end limiter and with the envelope profile limiter, each with two release times (75 and 625 ms). Six implant recipients were tested in quiet and in four-talker babble noise, at a high presentation level of 89 dB SPL. Overall, release time had a larger effect than the AGC type. With both AGC types, speech intelligibility was lower for the 75 ms release time than for the 625 ms release time. With the shorter release time, the envelope profile limiter provided higher group mean scores than the front-end limiter in quiet, but there was no significant difference in noise. Experiment 2 measured sentence recognition in noise as a function of presentation level, from 55 to 89 dB SPL. The envelope profile limiter with 625 ms release time yielded better scores than the front-end limiter with 75 ms release time. A take-home study showed no clear pattern of preferences. It is concluded that the envelope profile limiter is a feasible alternative to a front-end compression limiter.
Subordinated Gaussian processes for solar irradiance (2023)

Abstract Traditionally the power grid has been a one‐way street with power flowing from large transmission‐connected generators through the distribution network to consumers. This paradigm is changing with the introduction of distributed renewable energy resources (DERs), and with it, the way the grid is managed. There is currently a dearth of high fidelity solar irradiance datasets available to help grid researchers understand how expansion of DERs could affect future power system operations. Realistic simulations of by‐the‐second solar irradiances are needed to study how DER variability affects the grid. Irradiance data are highly non‐stationary and non‐Gaussian, and even modern time series models are challenged by their distributional properties. We develop a subordinated non‐Gaussian stochastic model whose simulations realistically capture the distribution and dependence structure in measured irradiance. We illustrate our approach on a fine resolution dataset from Hawaii, where our approach outperforms standard nonlinear time series models.
On the mechanism of action of dexamethasone in a rat mast cell line (RBL-2H3 cells). Evidence for altered coupling of receptors and G-proteins. (1990)

Prolonged exposure of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, a cultured analog of rat mast cells, to 0.1 microM dexamethasone resulted in global suppression of various stimulatory events in response to Ag and a global enhancement of the same stimulatory events to the adenosine analog, N-(ethylcarboxamide)adenosine (NECA). We had previously shown that Ag and NECA both activate phospholipase C but by different mechanisms; cells that had been treated with cholera or pertussis toxin, for example, responded to Ag but not to NECA with the release of inositol phosphates, increase in levels of cytosolic Ca2+, and secretion. Because the toxins still inhibited the responses to NECA in dexamethasone-treated cells, the effects of dexamethasone may have been exerted at the level of receptor/G-protein coupling rather than at the level of effector systems. Additional evidence for this was the following: 1) NECA-induced hydrolysis of the inositol phospholipids was still enhanced after permeabilizing (with streptolysin O or Staphylococcus alpha-toxin) and washing the cells; 2) the response to the G-protein stimulant, guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate was also enhanced in permeabilized, dexamethasone-treated cells and 3) binding and kinetic studies suggested that the enhanced responsiveness to NECA was attributable in part to an increase in receptor number. The suppressive action of dexamethasone on Ag-induced hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids, however, was readily lost by permeabilizing RBL-2H3 cells. The results indicate, therefore, that treatment with dexamethasone leads to changes in receptor-coupling mechanisms that are either resistant to (i.e., NECA-mediated responses) or reversed by (i.e., Ag-mediated responses) cell permeabilization.
A Study on the Effect of Polydimethylsiloxane from the Viewpoint of Oxygen Content in Oil (2014)

It has been reported that polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) inhibits oxygen dissolution into oil by forming a monolayer on the surface of the oil, thereby reducing thermal oxidation. In the present study, the distribution of PDMS was determined by the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy in standing PDMS-containing canola oil. PDMS did not disperse in the oil uniformly, but there was a tendency that the PDMS concentration decreased as the depth of oil increased, and the concentration of the bottom part was the lowest. When canola oil was covered with PDMS by dropping it gently on the surface of the oil and kept at 60°C, the oxygen content and oxidation of the oil were lower than those of the control canola oil. PDMS-containing canola oil and canola oil were heated with stirring from room temperature to 180°C, and then allowed to stand while cooling. Oxygen contents of both oils increased up to 120°C then dropped abruptly. While cooling, oxygen contents sharply increased at 100°C and approached the saturation content, although the increase for PDMS-containing canola oil was a little slow. Likewise, the thermal treatment of PDMS-containing canola oil and canola oil at 180°C for 1 h under stirring was repeated 5 times with standing intervals for 2-3 days at room temperature. Oxidation of the former was less than that of the latter in spite of its high oxygen content. In conclusion, the oxygen content of oil with/without PDMS addition increased, but oxidation of PDMS-containing canola oil was inhibited both during heating and standing with intermittent heating. It was suggested that PDMS exerted its antioxidative effect regardless of whether it covered the oil or was dispersed in it.
[Myocardial scintigraphy with Tc-99m-teboroxime: its feasibility and the evaluation of its diagnostic reliability. A comparison with thallium-201 and coronary angiography]. (1992)

Planar myocardial scintigraphy with Tc-99m-teboroxime can be performed without major problems. In terms of clinical reliability the results are comparable to those of TI-201 scans. On the other hand, taking into account the poor image quality of Tc-99m-teboroxime scintigraphy, it is still impossible to predict its future role in the radionuclide imaging of coronary artery disease.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐ALKYLMERCAPTO‐4‐AMINO‐THIAZOLE (1973)

Abstract Die aus dem Di‐K‐Salz (I) mit den Alkylhalogeniden (II) erhältlichen Cyanimidodithiocarbonate (III) reagieren mit den Halogenverbindungen (IV) zu den Aminothiazolen (VI).
Resin Infiltration of Caries Lesions (2010)

Resin infiltration is an innovative approach to arrest progression of caries lesions. The aim of this randomized split-mouth placebo-controlled clinical trial was to assess whether resin infiltration of proximal lesions is more effective than non-operative measures alone with respect to the inhibition of caries progression. In 22 young adults, 29 pairs of interproximal lesions with radiological extension into the inner half of enamel or the outer third of dentin were randomly allocated to two treatment groups. In the test group, lesions were infiltrated (Icon, pre-product; DMG). A placebo treatment was performed in the control group. All participants received instructions for diet, flossing, and fluoridation. The primary outcome after 18 months was radiographic lesion progression (assessed by digital subtraction radiography). No unwanted effects could be observed. In the effect group, 2/27 lesions (7%) and in the control group 10/27 lesions (37%) showed progression (p = 0.021; McNemar). Infiltration of interproximal caries lesions is efficacious in reducing lesion progression.
Berichtigung: Studying 18 MDa Virus Assemblies with Native Mass Spectrometry (2014)

Die Autoren dieser Zuschrift über die Analyse von HK97-Kapsidpartikeln mithilfe von nativer Elektrospray-Massenspektrometrie wurden auf eine frühere Studie aufmerksam gemacht, in der Kapsidpartikel von HK97 mit Kryodetektions-MALDI-TOF-Massenspektrometrie analysiert wurden. Die Autoren verweisen die Leser gerne auf diese Studie.1
[General movements in neonatology]. (2005)

General movements (GMs) can be observed in fetus (as young as nine weeks postmenstrual age) and in infants. Without neurological dysfunction, GMs continue in a similar pattern (writhing movements) until the end of the eight week postterm which is then followed by a gradually emerging new pattern (fidgety movements). At an age of about 15 weeks postterm, infants develop gradually other patterns of spontaneous motor activity (manipulation, voluntary movements, reaching, touching, grasping, axial rolling, antigravity movements, etc.). The changes in spontaneous motility and GMs developmental trajectories were good predictors of the neurological outcome. We report the results of our studies in fetal distress and in perinatal abnormalities for the evaluation of predictive value of GMs assessment.
Structural basis of LhcbM5-mediated state transitions in green algae (2021)

Abstract In green algae and plants, state transitions serve as a short-term light acclimation process to regulate light harvesting capacity of photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII). During the process, a portion of the light-harvesting complexes II (LHCII) are phosphorylated, dissociate from PSII and bind PSI to form PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex. Here we report high-resolution structures of PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , revealing the mechanism of assembly between PSI-LHCI complex and two phosphorylated LHCII trimers containing all four types of LhcbM proteins. Two specific LhcbM isoforms, namely LhcbM1 and LhcbM5, directly interact with the PSI core through their phosphorylated amino-terminal regions. Furthermore, biochemical and functional studies on mutant strains lacking either LhcbM1 or LhcbM5 indicate that only LhcbM5 is indispensable in the supercomplex formation. The results unraveled the specific interactions and potential excitation energy transfer routes between green algal PSI and two phosphorylated LHCIIs.
Sensing Volume Coverage of Robot Workspace using On-Robot Time-of-Flight Sensor Arrays for Safe Human Robot Interaction (2019)

In this paper, an analysis of the sensing volume coverage of robot workspace as well as the shared humanrobot collaborative workspace for various configurations of onrobot Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensor array rings is presented. A methodology for volumetry using octrees to quantity the detection/sensing volume of the sensors is proposed. The change in sensing volume coverage by increasing the number of sensors per ToF sensor array ring and also increasing the number of rings mounted on robot link is also studied. Considerations of maximum ideal volume around the robot workspace that a given ToF sensor array ring placement and orientation setup should cover for safe human robot interaction are presented. The sensing volume coverage measurements in this maximum ideal volume are tabulated and observations on various ToF configurations and their coverage for close and far zones of the robot are determined.
Design of axisymmetrical tailored concentrators for LED light source applications (2006)

In our contribution we present a solution to an important question in the design of a LED-based illumination engine for projection systems: the collimation of the LED light. We tested the principle in the modification of a common device in non-imaging optics, the compound Parabolic Concentrator. This CPC-like achieves a collection of 72% (ideal reflective coating presumed). This CPC-like was tailored by numerically solving an differential equation. This approach has some serious drawbacks. For a compact collection device with high collimation, an other approach is required. A more elegant design strategy will rely fully on geometrical principles. The result of our work is a compound collection lens that achieves a collection efficiency of 87%, assuming an ideal reflective coating and neglecting Fresnel losses. We study the performance of this device in detail. Further enhancements are suggested.
A Flip-chip Low Band Harmonic Filter Based on GaAs Integrated Passives (2006)

Radio transmit modules continue to shrink in die size and cost, requiring novel approaches for integration of the numerous passive elements of the radio front-end. Flip-chip assembly of the passives enables further size reduction. A single inductor low band harmonic filter was designed and fabricated with a 200 µm pitch lead based bump technology and flip- chipped to a 4-layer HDI substrate. Test results showed insertion loss in the AMPS/GSM band (824-915MHz) of about 0.6 dB. The measurement results corroborated simulations which indicated the need for additional trace inductance on the HDI board to control the higher order harmonic rejections of the single inductor harmonic filter, since the inductance of the microvias to GND is rather small.
Protein encapsulation in functionalized silica gel for bone reconstruction application (2021)

peer reviewed
Unsteady Flow in the Vaned Diffuser of a Medium Specific Speed Pump (1996)

This paper describes experimental and computational work to examine the unsteady flowfield in the vaned diffuser of a medium specific speed pump. The time periodic flowfield in the diffuser has been examined experimentally with laser optical techniques and with unsteady pressure transducers. The flow has been computed with a general purpose Navier-Stokes CFD code, whereby the unsteady effects have been simulated by a time periodic inlet profile which translates across the diffuser inlet and represents the wakes and potential interaction from the impeller. Comparisons of a steady simulation with time-average inlet conditions, an unsteady simulation with a time periodic inlet profile and the time-average of the unsteady simulation are used to validate the code developments and to examine features of the unsteady flow through the diffuser. Comparisons with experimental data identify that this simple computational model with a time periodic inlet profile is able to simulate the convection and decay of disturbances passing through the diffuser.