gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypersound velocity and damping in the critical region of a solution (2005)

The results of investigation of hypersound damping in critical solutions with a closed phase-separation region at temperatures below the lower and above the upper critical points are presented. Available theories of sound propagation during phase transitions fail to provide a description of experimental results in the hypersound frequency range, in which the acoustic wavelength is comparable to fluctuations of the concentration. A new theoretical description (stemming from experimental data) proposed for hypersound damping in the vicinity of the critical points is based on the scattering of a sound wave from developed fluctuations of the concentration.
Designing hands-free, eyes-free, silent (or noisy) environment, and accessible interfaces (1999)

This full-day tutorial provides attendees with a thorough understanding of the issues and strategies for creating interfaces that do not depend on particular sensory modalities or physical capabilities. Knowledge gained will help attendees understand related topics, such as the issues of mobile computing and access by intelligent agents, as well as access by users with disabilities and older users.
Quantifying Graph Anonymity, Utility, and De-anonymity (2018)

In this paper, we study the correlation of graph da-ta's anonymity, utility, and de-anonymity. Our main contributions include four perspectives. First, to the best of our knowledge, we conduct the first Anonymity-Utility-De-anonymity (AUD) correlation quantification for graph data and obtain close-forms for such correlation under both a preliminary mathematical model and a general data model. Second, we integrate our AUD quantification to SecGraph [31], a recently published Secure Graph data sharing/publishing system, and extend it to Sec-Graph+. Compared to SecGraph, SecGraph+ is an improved and enhanced uniform and open-source system for comprehensively studying graph anonymization, de-anonymization, and utility evaluation. Third, based on our AUD quantification, we evaluate the anonymity, utility, and de-anonymity of 12 real world graph datasets which are generated from various computer systems and services. The results show that the achievable anonymity/de-anonymity depends on multiple factors, e.g., the preserved data utility, the quality of the employed auxiliary data. Finally, we apply our AUD quantification to evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art anonymization and de-anonymization techniques. Interestingly, we find that there is still significant space to improve state-of-the-art de-anonymization attacks. We also explicitly and quantitatively demonstrate such possible improvement space.
Repose angle studies of wet granular media (2020)

We investigate the effect of interstitial liquid on the physical properties of granular media by measuring the angle of repose as a function of the liquid content in two different ways. The resultant adhesive forces lead to three distinct regimes in the observed behavior as the liquid content is increased: a granular regime in which the grains move individually, a correlated regime in which the grains move in correlated clusters, and a plastic regime in which the grains flow coherently. We discuss these regimes in terms of two proposed theories describing the effects of liquid on the physical properties of granular media.
Numerical analysis of Goldschmied geometry with boundary-layer suction (2015)

An effort is made to implement the phenomenon called the Aerodynamic Pressure Thrust (APT) for the purpose of effective propulsion of underwater vehicle. The two-dimensional Goldschmied body with boundary-layer ingestion near the stern section is considered for this purpose. This particular shape, which up to this point is being considered mainly for aerodynamic propulsion, can be preferred for autonomous underwater vehicles over conventional streamlined bodies for their large volume-to-length ratio. The wind-tunnel experiments of 1960's by Fabio R. Goldschmied paved a way for development of energy efficient propulsion through proper interaction of aerodynamic design and engine power. Decades later, this eventually led to the development of several futuristic crafts which exploit the Pressure Thrust technique. Similar idea is attempted here to obtain improved pressure recovery behind the aft of a blunt underwater vehicle to generate additional thrust. In the present study, a simplified version of the Goldschmied geometry is considered with a single slot for suction between the fore-body and the stern. The computations are carried out utilizing commercial CFD solver Ansys Fluent. The axi-symmetric shape of the Goldschmied body is employed to generate a fully-structured mesh throughout the entire domain. The simulations are carried out for a range of Reynolds number and the suction pressure. The distribution of pressure at different radial locations is examined and plotted, similar to the original work by Goldschmied, to illustrate the alternate zones of drag and thrust produced along the radius. A sizeable portion of the thrust region in the plot is required to overcome the drag force and to achieve self-propulsion solely by means of boundary layer suction. The results of the computational study indicate a trend in that direction.
D-Amphetamine Rapidly Reverses Dexmedetomidine-Induced Unconsciousness in Rats (2021)

D-amphetamine induces emergence from sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia in rats. Dexmedetomidine is an α<sub>2</sub>-adrenoreceptor agonist that is commonly used for procedural sedation, whereas ketamine is an anesthetic that acts primarily by inhibiting NMDA-type glutamate receptors. These drugs have different molecular mechanisms of action from propofol and volatile anesthetics that enhance inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that d-amphetamine accelerates recovery of consciousness after dexmedetomidine and ketamine. Sixteen rats (Eight males, eight females) were used in a randomized, blinded, crossover experimental design and all drugs were administered intravenously. Six additional rats with pre-implanted electrodes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were used to analyze changes in neurophysiology. After dexmedetomidine, d-amphetamine dramatically decreased mean time to emergence compared to saline (saline:112.8 ± 37.2 min; d-amphetamine:1.8 ± 0.6 min, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). This arousal effect was abolished by pre-administration of the D<sub>1</sub>/D<sub>5</sub> dopamine receptor antagonist, SCH-23390. After ketamine, d-amphetamine did not significantly accelerate time to emergence compared to saline (saline:19.7 ± 18.0 min; d-amphetamine:20.3 ± 16.5 min, <i>p</i> = 1.00). Prefrontal cortex local field potential recordings revealed that d-amphetamine broadly decreased spectral power at frequencies <25 Hz and restored an awake-like pattern after dexmedetomidine. However, d-amphetamine did not produce significant spectral changes after ketamine. The duration of unconsciousness was significantly longer in females for both dexmedetomidine and ketamine. In conclusion, d-amphetamine rapidly restores consciousness following dexmedetomidine, but not ketamine. Dexmedetomidine reversal by d-amphetamine is inhibited by SCH-23390, suggesting that the arousal effect is mediated by D<sub>1</sub> and/or D<sub>5</sub> receptors. These findings suggest that d-amphetamine may be clinically useful as a reversal agent for dexmedetomidine.
Multimodal Robot/Human Interaction in an Assistive Technology Context (2009)

This paper outlines the framework of a complex system to demonstrate multimodal spatial and transactional intelligence in a robot which supports aged, frail, or otherwise disabled people in a domestic assistive technology context. The intention is that the robot be able to navigate around a known multi-room environment along optimal, collision-free paths in search and retrieval of requested objects such as spectacles, books etc. and must also be capable of tracking and following humans and of reminding them of times for meals, medication etc. and to lead disoriented subjects to their meal place at appropriate times and even dispense medication, if necessary. The modes of communication interchanges with the supported human include spoken speech and gestures (including eye gaze direction) within the context of situational analysis which accommodates recent history, temporal factors and individual user behavioural models. This paper provides an overview of an ambitious research project in its early stages but where many components have already been refined through earlier work.
New measurements with laser-cooled metastable xenon (1993)

Laser-cooled metastable xenon has been identified as a promising candidate for a new atomic clock based on an optical frequency.
A Quadrature Approach to Detection, Localization and Estimation of Magnetic Dipoles (2008)

We describe a matched filter algorithm for detecting, locating and characterizing magnetic dipoles. The matched filter operates on an array of vector magnetic field measurements at an arbitrary set of orientations and points in space. For a given dipole location, the algorithm finds a best‐fit magnetic dipole moment by projecting the N‐dimensional vector representing the magnetic measurements onto the three‐dimensional subspace spanned by the calculated data vectors for all possible magnetic moments at that location. It then varies the dipole location to find a best global match between the calculated and measured data. This approach, which is analogous to quadrature decomposition of a signal into sine and cosine components of a given frequency, removes the need to search exhaustively through all possible magnetic moments at each trial location. The algorithm provides optimal detection of a magnetic dipole in a background of white Gaussian noise, and unbiased estimation of the location and vector moment of an isolated dipole within the spatial sampling resolution defined by the user. An application to UXO is demonstrated using a moving magnetic tensor gradiometer to detect and localize inert artillery shells. The extension of the algorithm to active EM systems is explored in theory and computer simulations.
Liquid-metal flows induced by low-frequency alternating magnetic fields (1992)

This paper describes an experimental study of the influence of a low-frequency alternating magnetic field on a liquid-metal pool with a free surface. A 200 mm cylinder containing mercury is located in a solenoidal coil supplied with a single phase a.c. current of frequency 2–20 Hz. It is shown that, in that frequency range, the motion may be split into two parts: (i) a bulk motion driven by the mean Lorentz forces; (ii) a surface wave motion driven by the alternating part of the Lorentz forces. The turbulent bulk flow is quite similar to those observed in previous electromagnetic stirring experiments at higher frequency. The peculiar feature, observed here, is the rapid decay of the mean characteristic velocity. That phenomenon seems to be related to the presence of fluctuating velocities forced by the alternating electromagnetic force. The alternating part of the Lorentz forces is globally responsible for a surface motion whose pattern and amplitude depend on the applied electric current I and its frequency f . The ( I, f )-parameter space may be split into four regions corresponding to four regimes, namely (i) concentric harmonic standing waves driven by the Lorentz forces, (ii) harmonic azimuthal waves, (iii) strong-amplitude subharmonic azimuthal waves, (iv) chaotic free-surface motion. The wave motion becomes negligible when the frequency is greater than 10 Hz.
Accurate Modeling of Cryogenic Temperature Effects in 10-nm Bulk CMOS FinFETs Using the BSIM-CMG Model (2022)

In this letter, we have proposed modifications to the existing BSIM-CMG compact model to enhance its ability to model the behavior of short channel bulk FinFETs (both n and p-type) from room temperature down to cryogenic temperatures (10K). The proposed model is highly accurate in capturing the subthreshold swing, threshold voltage, and effective mobility trends observed in FinFET cryogenic operation. For efficient optimization of the proposed model parameters, we have proposed an adequate modeling strategy. We have compared convergence time between the existing BSIM-CMG model and the proposed model by simulating a reasonably large circuit using pseudo-inverters.
5.2: High Performance Electrophoretic Displays (2000)

Abstract Electrophoretic (EP) displays have been proposed as a route to “paper‐like” displays. A high performance EP display designed by IBM will be described along with aspects of electrode design, display characteristics, particle selection, and particle stabilization.
Homography-Based Visual Servo Regulation of Mobile Robots (2005)

A monocular camera-based vision system attached to a mobile robot (i.e., the camera-in-hand configuration) is considered in this paper. By comparing corresponding target points of an object from two different camera images, geometric relationships are exploited to derive a transformation that relates the actual position and orientation of the mobile robot to a reference position and orientation. This transformation is used to synthesize a rotation and translation error system from the current position and orientation to the fixed reference position and orientation. Lyapunov-based techniques are used to construct an adaptive estimate to compensate for a constant, unmeasurable depth parameter, and to prove asymptotic regulation of the mobile robot. The contribution of this paper is that Lyapunov techniques are exploited to craft an adaptive controller that enables mobile robot position and orientation regulation despite the lack of an object model and the lack of depth information. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the performance of the controller.
Prolactin induces BCRP/ABCG2 expression in T‐47D breast cancer cells via activation of multiple signalling cascades (2012)

The drug transporter Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) has been shown to be upregulated in certain drug resistant breast cancer cells and in the normal mammary gland during lactation. Given the important role of the lactogenic hormone prolactin in breast cancer and lactation biology, we investigated the effect of prolactin on BCRP expression in T‐47D human breast cancer epithelial cells. Prolactin upregulated BCRP mRNA and protein expression in a dose‐dependent manner. Induction of BCRP mRNA by prolactin was blocked by the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D. To characterize the mechanism responsible for prolactin‐induced BCRP mRNA expression, we systematically inhibited members of the three major pathways activated in prolactin signalling: JAK2/STAT5, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT. Knockdown of JAK2 by siRNA attenuated the prolactin‐BCRP response. Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of STAT5 by siRNA or small molecule inhibitor, respectively, blunted prolactin‐induced BCRP mRNA expression. Treating cells in the presence of the MAPK pathway inhibitors PD98059 (20μM) and U0126 (10μM), and the PI3K pathway inhibitors LY294002 (10μM) and Wortmannin (25nM), significantly attenuated the effect of prolactin on BCRP mRNA expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate overlapping roles for JAK2/STAT5, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT signalling in prolactin‐induced BCRP expression. Funding provided by CIHR.
Characterization of the ceramide moieties of sphingoglycolipids from mouse brain by ESI-MS/MS (2004)

Sphingoglycolipids (SGLs) are cell membrane constituents. As the ceramide structure influences the biological properties of the SGL, we characterized by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry the molecular species of ceramides present in SGL of mouse brain. We report here for the first time the presence in mammalian brain of sphingadienine (d18:2). Sphingenine (d18:1) is present in all SGL species, in contrast to eicosasphingenine (d20:1), which is a constituent of only gangliosides. Sphingadienine is present in galactosylceramide and sulfatides. Free ceramides contain the three types of bases. Thus, there could be two separate pools of free ceramides (d18:1, d18:2 and d20:1, d18:1) as precursors of complex SGL.
Phase stability and physical properties of nanolaminated materials from first principles (2016)

The MAX phase family is a set of nanolaminated, hexagonal materials typically comprised of three elements: a transition metal (M), an A-group element (A), and carbon and/or nitrogen (X). In this thesis, first-principles based methods have been used to investigate the phase stability and physical properties of a number of MAX and MAX-like phases. Most theoretical work on MAX phase stability use the constraint of 0 K conditions, due to the very high computational cost of including temperature dependent effects such as lattice vibrations and electronic excitations for all relevant competing phases in the ternary or multinary chemical space. Despite this, previous predictions of the existence of new MAX phases have to a large extent been experimentally verified. In an attempt to provide a possible explanation for this consistency, and thus help strengthen the confidence in future predictions, we have calculated the temperature dependent phase stability of Tin+1AlCn, to date the most studied MAX phases. We show that both the electronic and vibrational contribution to the Gibbs free energies of the MAX phases are cancelled by the corresponding contributions to the Gibbs free energies of the competing phases. We further show that this is the case even when thermal expansion is considered. We have also investigated the stability of two hypothetical MAX-like phases, V2Ga2C and (Mo1-xVx)2Ga2C, motivated by a search for ways to attain new two-dimensional MAX phase derivatives, so-called MXenes. We predict that it is possible to synthesize both phases. For x≤0.25, stability of (Mo1-xVx)2Ga2C is indicated for both ordered and disordered solid solutions on the M sublattice. For x=0.5 and x≥0.75, stability is only indicated for disordered solutions. The ordered solutions are stable at temperatures below 1000 K, whereas stabilization of the disordered solutions requires temperatures of up to 2100 K, depending on the V concentration. Finally, we have investigated the electronic, vibrational, and magnetic properties of the recently synthesized MAX phase Mn2GaC. We show that the electronic band structure is anisotropic, and determine the bulk, shear, and Young’s modulus to be 157, 93, and 233 GPa, respectively, and Poisson’s ratio to be 0.25. We further predict the magnetic critical order-disorder temperature of Mn2GaC to be 660 K. We base the predictions on Monte Carlo simulations of a bilinear Heisenberg Hamiltonian constructed from magnetic exchange interaction parameters derived using two different supercell methods: the novel magnetic direct cluster averaging method (MDCA), and the Connolly-Williams method (CW). We conclude that CW is less computationally expensive than MDCA for chemically and topologically ordered phases such as Mn2GaC.
TREATMENT OF BILATERAL ECTOPIC ERUPTION OF THE FIRST PERMANENT MOLARS (2013)

제1대구치의 이소맹출은 치아가 비정상적 위치로 맹출하는 경우를 말하며 이 경우 제2유구치 원심면의 비정상적 조기흡수를 야기한다. 제1대구치의 이소맹출은 인구의 3~4% 정도에서 나타나며 주로 상악에서 호발한다. 이소맹출한 치아의 66% 정도는 별다른 치료 없이 자발적으로 맹출 경로를 개선하는데 반해 비가역적 이소맹출의 경우에는 능동적 치료가 필요하다. 치료 방법은 크게 두 가지로 나눌 수 있다: 치간이개와 원심경사. 치간이개는 매복 정도가 최소인 경우 시행할 수 있으며, 매복이 심한 경우에는 원심경사가 필요하다. 현재까지의 대부분의 보고들은 편측성 이소맹출의 치료방법에 대해 다루었으며 양측성 이소맹출의 치료에 관한 보고는 많지 않다. 본 증례들은 양측성 제1대구치 이소맹출을 보이는 환아들로 modified bilateral Halterman appliance를 이용하여 양호한 치료결과를 얻었기에 이를 보고하는 바이다. Ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar is an abnormal positioning of this tooth, causing a premature resorption of the distal surface of the second primary molar. It occurs in approximately 3~4% of the population and the maxillary arch is usually affected. While 66% of ectopically erupting permanent molars are corrected spontaneously without treatment (i.e. a reversible type), active treatment is necessary for irreversible ectopic eruption cases. The treatment modalities have been divided into two categories: interproximal wedging and distal tipping. Interproximal wedging is indicated for minimal impaction and when the impaction is severe, distal tipping techniques are required. Although much has been written about treatment modalities on unilateral ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar, few reports mention bilateral ectopic eruption cases. In this report, two cases of bilateral ectopic eruption of the first permanent molars in young patients are presented. We describe the use of a modified bilateral Halterman appliance for correction of these cases and the clinical results were satisfactory.
Adaptive optics for ultrashort pulse manipulation (2016)

Shaping of femtosecond light pulses is typically performed in the frequency domain, by manipulation of the pulse spectral intensity and phase. One tool for phase control uses a deformable mirror in the Fourier plane of a 4-f stretcher. In this work we show the ability of adaptive optics to shape femtosecond pulses. By including the shaper and the characterization block in a closed loop, it is possible to correct spectral phase distortions accumulated in an optical chain in few automatic iterations.
Survey of raw egg use by home caterers. (2000)

Outbreaks of egg related salmonella infection continue to occur despite over ten years of national guidance on this subject. Fifty-four out of 70 registered home caterers in Cheshire responded to a telephone questionnaire, which revealed that a sixth prepared raw egg dishes containing shell eggs, none used pasteurised egg, and advice about storage of eggs and handwashing was not always followed. A postal questionnaire sent to 13 wholesalers and major supermarket chains showed that pasteurised egg was available in large packs from wholesalers but not from supermarkets. It is time to consider new approaches to reinforce advice about pasteurised egg use for raw egg dishes, storage, and measures to prevent cross contamination. These findings have implications for the training of home caterers and the general public.
Multimodal image registration for power equipment using clifford algebraic geometric invariance (2022)

Imaging inspection and video monitoring are important means for power equipment condition monitoring and diagnosis. However, single model image cannot supply sufficient information for power equipment condition monitoring, such as infrared images and visible images. The image registration can bridge this gap. This paper develops an image registration method fused by infrared and visible images, which constructs the principal direction of corner points using neighborhood contour point geometric invariance under Clifford algebraic space. Simultaneously, we also design a law for fitting optimal spatial information in the main direction of corner points, where the Clifford rotation operator is utilized to realize the spatial transformation of the image to be registered. The experiment reveals that the average registration error is less than 3 pixels by this developed method, reaching sub-pixel registration, subsequently obtaining satisfactory fusion effect of power equipment. This algorithm enriches the multimodal image registration scheme and meets the requirements of monitoring power equipment.
Discussion (1987)

Discussion by I. Kelman Cohen, M.D. Department of Plastic Surgery Medical College of Virginia Richmond, Va. 23298
Vollfunktionalisierung des 7‐Azaindol‐Gerüsts durch selektive Metallierung und Sulfoxid‐Magnesium‐Austausch (2013)

Legt Wert auf Vollständigkeit: 7-Azaindole sind wichtige Zielverbindungen in der pharmazeutischen Industrie. Ausgehend von dem Schlüsselintermediat 1 gelingt es unter Anwendung von dirigierten Metallierungen sowie Halogen-Magnesium- und Sulfoxid-Magnesium-Austausch, alle fünf Kohlenstoffpositionen des 7-Azaindol-Systems in den Produkten 2 gezielt zu funktionalisieren.