gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Th17 Responses to Collagen Type V, kα1-Tubulin, and Vimentin Are Present Early in Human Development and Persist Throughout Life (2017)

Th17-dependent autoimmune responses can develop after heart or lung transplantation, and are associated with fibro-obliterative forms of chronic rejection. However, the specific self-antigens involved are typically different from those associated with autoimmune disease. To investigate the basis of these responses, we questioned whether removal of Tregs or blockade of function reveals a similar auto-antigen bias. We found that Th17 cells specific for collagen type V (Col V), kα-1-tubulin, and vimentin were present in healthy, adult PBMC, cord blood, and fetal thymus. Using synthetic peptides and recombinant fragments of the Col V triple helical region (α1V), we compared Th17 cells from healthy donors with Th17 cells from Col V-reactive heart and lung patients. While the latter responded well to α1(V) fragments and peptides in a DR–restricted fashion, Th17 cells from healthy individuals responded in a DR-restricted fashion to fragments, but not to peptides. Col V, kα-1-tubulin, and vimentin are preferred targets of a highly conserved, hitherto unknown, pre-existing Th17 response that is MHCII-restricted. These data suggest that autoimmunity after heart and lung transplantation may result from dysregulation of an intrinsic mechanism controlling airway and vascular homeostasis.

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Functional Quadrumer Clusters for Switching Between Fano and Charge Transfer Plasmons (2017)

The study of the highly tunable plasmonic spectral features has received growing interest in recent years because of broad range of potential applications in the next generation photonics technologies. Here, we developed a four-member nanoparticle cluster composed of gold nanodisks, where two of the nanodisks are connected by a metallodielectric bridge composed of Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> and gold sections. We showed that the optothermal functionality of the Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> allows for excitation of Fano resonances and charge transfer plasmons in a single system. This feature opens new paths for developing highly tunable nanophotonic devices.
Natural killer–cell differentiation by myeloid progenitors (2010)

Because lymphoid progenitors can give rise to natural killer (NK) cells, NK ontogeny has been considered to be exclusively lymphoid. Here, we show that rare human CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitors develop into NK cells in vitro in the presence of cytokines (interleukin-7, interleukin-15, stem cell factor, and fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand). Adding hydrocortisone and stromal cells greatly increases the frequency of progenitor cells that give rise to NK cells through the recruitment of myeloid precursors, including common myeloid progenitors and granulocytic-monocytic precursors to the NK-cell lineage. WNT signaling was involved in this effect. Cells at more advanced stages of myeloid differentiation (with increasing expression of CD13 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor [M-CSFR]) could also differentiate into NK cells in the presence of cytokines, stroma, and hydrocortisone. NK cells derived from myeloid precursors (CD56(-)CD117(+)M-CSFR(+)) showed more expression of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors, a fraction of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor-positive-expressing cells that lacked NKG2A, a higher cytotoxicity compared with CD56(-)CD117(+)M-CSFR(-) precursor-derived NK cells and thus resemble the CD56(dim) subset of NK cells. Collectively, these studies show that NK cells can be derived from the myeloid lineage.
Au‐induced decomposition of N2O (1994)

Abstract Reactions between small gold cluster ions, Au , and N 2 O were studied in a Penning trap mass spectrometer. Gold clusters were produced by laser vaporization and injected into a Penning trap. After reaction times of 50–7000ms the products were detected by time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. For the major reaction channel, Au + N 2 O→Au 1,2 N + NO + , rates of (0.9±0.1)×10 −12 cm 3 s −1 and (2.4±0.4)×10 −12 cm 3 s −1 were determined which are about a factor 500 below the collision rate. The corresponding activation energies for N 2 O decomposition were estimated to lie below 0.6 eV and 0.3 eV. Additional products with small branching ratios were detected, viz. the ions Au 1 O + , Au 1 N 2 O + , Au 2 N + , Au 2 NO + , Au 2 N 2 O + , Au 3 O + , Au 3 N 2 O + , and Au 4 N 2 O + . This indicates a preference for nitrogen‐oxygen bond rupture in the case of Au and Au , and for nitrogen‐nitrogen bond rupture in the case of Au .
Management of atopic dermatitis with homeopathy-a clinical study (2018)

Introduction: Atopic eczema also known as atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory non-communicable skin disorder. The skin is dry, scaly with cracks on visual examination making it prone to environmental allergens. There are few factors that worsen the presentation of dermatitis. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the role of homeopathy in dermatitis.Material and method: The present prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of homeopathy to determine the effect of homeopathic medications on the outcomes of dermatitis. The detailed history consisted of the following points; symptoms of mental depression, Confusion, difficulty in concentration, Irritability, Heat, night Sweats. Then randomly few selected subjects were given placebo and rest were continued on graphite for next 3 months. The outcomes and alteration in the symptoms were recorded manually during the entire study. All the data was arranged in a tabulated form and analysed statistically.Results: Follow ups were regularly done at 15 days and a constant relief in symptoms was seen within 6 weeks amongst 75% of the patients. After shifting on to the placebo the satisfaction percentage was still high as 65%; 26 subjects receiving placebo. However, after the end of the study, 32 out of the 40 patients had no symptoms what so ever.Conclusion: Successful management of dermatitis and depression by Graphites followed by Causticum, clearly shows the importance of mental symptoms than other physical characteristics in selecting medicine
Improved Version of the Red Fluorescent Protein (drFP583/DsRed/RFP) (2002)

GFP has established itself as a highly useful tool throughout many areas of modern biology. Recently, the novel fluorescent protein drFP583, also termed DsRed or RFP, was cloned from a coral of the Discosoma genus. The protein is only weakly homologous to GFP and has a red emission spectrum, which makes drFP583 an attractive candidate for in vivo double labeling together with GFP variants. However, wildtype drFP583 has several drawbacks, including inefficient folding of the protein, extremely slow maturation of the chromophore, and tetramerization even in dilute solutions. Here we report on important improvements to this reporter that lead to higher levels of fluorescent drFP583 species in the cell. We further characterized our best mutant for applications in yeast and mammalian cell biology.
Solvent-Free Adipic Acid/1,8-Octanediol Condensation Polymerizations Catalyzed by Candida antartica Lipase B (2003)

Bulk condensation polymerizations of adipic acid and octanediol, catalyzed by Candida antartica Lipase B (CALB), were investigated. The polymers formed by 8 and 24 h polymerizations using CALB immobilized on Accurel and Lewatit had similar molecular weights (e.g., Mn at 24 h ≈15 000). CALB “free” of the immobilization resin was also active for the polymerization but, relative to its immobilized forms, gave slower chain growth (Mn ≈ 10 000 by 48 h). For all three catalyst systems at degree of polymerization (DP) ≥ 20, dispersity (Mw/Mn) was ≤1.5. Since random processes of step-growth condensation polymerizations give dispersity values ≥ 2, the dispersity of products obtained using CALB as the catalyst is believed to result from the unique chain length or mass selectivity of the lipase. Gel permeation chromatograms showed that between 15 min and 4 h chain growth occurred rapidly so that the fraction of product with Mp values > 2910 increased from 28 to 78%. At 70 °C the catalyst activity at 4 h remained unchanged but decreased by 15 and 21% at 24 and 48 h. Unexpectedly, an increase in the concentration of CALB on Lewatit from 0.1 to 1 wt % protein resulted in only a small increase in Mn (e.g., at 24 h, 14 500 vs 17 800). However, decrease in the percent protein to 0.5% had a large detrimental effect. Between 65 and 90 °C the polymerizations occurred with little dependence on the reaction temperature.
Effect of Surface Wettability on Droplets Growth during Water Condensation and Initial Droplets Icing (2021)

Air-source heat pump systems extract heat directly from the cold outdoor ambient and reject heat to the warm indoor environments of residential and commercial buildings. During their winter operation, the outdoor coil often accumulates frost on its surface. Frost acts as an insulator and blocks air passages, reducing the heat transfer rate and increasing the pressure drop of air passing through the coil. Defrost cycles are periodically executed between the heating times to melt the ice, drain the water from the outdoor coil, and free accumulated frost before the heating service can start again. Unfortunately, too many defrost cycles penalize the efficiency of the heat pumps. Most research in frost mitigation focused on superhydrophobic surfaces, lubricant impregnated surfaces, and nanostructured surfaces. Some studies proposed surface types that would lower ice adhesion such that droplet removal was promoted before freezing. However, the mitigation effects of these surfaces can be sensitive to experimental conditions and surface structure. Additionally, in circumstances where frost formation cannot be prevented due to the operating conditions, the challenge of predicting frost nucleation and growth rate is further complicated by transient flow conditions with combined heat and mass transfer phenomena to moving frost boundaries. This paper presents new data of freezing time, droplet diameter, and droplet shape with different surface wettability during initial droplet icing. Water condensation and icing formed on the flat plates for convective channel flows. Four surfaces with different wettability were investigated under two test conditions. The contact angle ranged from less than 10 degrees (i.e., superhydrophilic) to over 109 degrees (i.e., hydrophobic). Two surfaces shared similar contact angles but had different coating components. Because frost nucleation was partially a stochastic phenomenon subjected to many variables that were difficult to control and replicate even in a laboratory setting, frost tests with identical environmental and surface temperature conditions were repeated several times to gather meaningful averages for the freezing time and to quantify the magnitude of potential variability in the frost nucleation time and droplets size due to the surface wettability characteristics. The new data presented in this paper are used to inform and validate physics-based frost models, predicting the nucleation features and actual frost formation time for coated fin structures of heat exchangers.
Characterization of Anti-Irradiation-Denatured Ovalbumin Monoclonal Antibodies. Immunochemical and Structural Analysis of Irradiation-Denatured Ovalbumin (2000)

Five monoclonal antibodies (OVA-01, -02, -03, -04, -06) produced against irradiated ovalbumin were investigated in relation to the conformational change in the ovalbumin molecule induced by irradiation with Cobalt-60 gamma-rays. Four antibodies (OVA-01, -02, -04, -06) recognized both native and irradiated ovalbumin, but OVA-03 reacted only with irradiated ovalbumin. These antibodies were classified by modified competitive ELISA, and their K(d) values were determined by the Klotz equation. Epitope analyses were also performed on OVA-03 using CNBr-cleaved peptide fragments from ovalbumin, and it was confirmed that OVA-03 bound to the fragment corresponding to residues Val173-Met196 of the ovalbumin molecule that consists of internal beta-sheet strand 3A and helix F1 containing one open turn. These results demonstrate that dramatic conformational changes in proteins can be induced or that some tertiary or secondary structures can be broken down by gamma-ray irradiation, producing new antigenic sites.
Resuscitation with 21 or 100% Oxygen in Hypoxic Nicotine-Pretreated Newborn Piglets: Possible Neuroprotective Effects of Nicotine (2007)

Nicotine enhances newborn piglets' ability to endure hypoxia, and resuscitation with 21% oxygen inflicts less necrosis than 100% oxygen. The potential neuroprotective effects of nicotine in the newborn brain should be further investigated.
Therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of Huntington's disease: treating the whole body. (2008)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a tremendously debilitating disorder that strikes relatively young individuals and progresses rapidly over the next ten to fifteen years inducing a loss of cognitive and motor skills and eventually death occurs. The primary locus of the disorder is a polyglutamine expansion of the protein product of the huntingtin (htt) gene. The htt protein appears to be a scaffolding protein that orchestrates the complex assembly of multiple intracellular proteins involved in multiple processes, including vesicular movement and cell metabolism. The htt protein is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues but the predominance of the interest in the pathology lies in its effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Most of the current therapeutics for HD thus have been targeted at preventing neuronal damage in the CNS, however, a considerable body of evidence has been accumulating to suggest that the maintenance of a healthy nervous system is tightly linked with peripheral physiological health. Therefore treatment of both the peripheral and central pathophysiologies of HD could form the basis of a more effective HD therapeutic strategy.
High-Throughput Discovery of Hf Promotion on the Formation of Hcp Co and Fischer-Tropsch Activity (2020)

A proxy-based high-throughput experimental approach was used to explore the stability and activity of Co-based Fischer Tropsch Synthesis catalysts with different promoters on various supports. The protocol is based on the estimation by XRD of active phase, Co, particle size and relative amounts of crystalline phases, Co to support. Sequential libraries samples enabled exploration of four Co loadings with five different promoters on six support materials. Catalysts stable to aging in syngas, displaying minimal change of particle size or relative area, were evaluated for their activity under industrial conditions. This procedure identified SiC as support for stable catalysts and a combination of Ru and Hf to promote the formation hcp Co. Unsupported bulk samples of Co with appropriate amounts of Ru and Hf revealed that the formation of hcp Co is independent of the support. The hcp Co containing catalyst presented the highest catalytic activity and C&lt;sub&gt;5+&lt;/sub&gt; selectivity amongst the samples tested in this study confirming the effectiveness of the proxy-based high-throughput method.
Development of Spray-dried Microcapsules as Efficient Omega-3 Delivery Systems for Food Fortification Purposes (2021)

The proven health benefits attributed to EPA and DHA have promoted the research and development of functional foods enriched with these bioactive compounds. However, due to the utterly low oxidative stability of omega-3 PUFAs, efficient delivery systems need to be designed for their successful incorporation to complex food matrices. In this study, the oxidative stability of fish oil-loaded microcapsules (ca. 13 wt% oil load) produced by spray-drying emulsions stabilized with whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) was investigated. WPH exhibits both emulsifying and antioxidant activity. The latter is highly beneficial to reduce lipid oxidation in heterogeneous systems. Glucose syrup (GS) or maltodextrin (MD21) were used as the encapsulating agents. The results showed that the GS-based microcapsules were the most oxidatively stable after 6 weeks of storage regardless of the storage temperature (4 °C or 25 °C), assessed based on peroxide value (PV) and secondary volatile oxidation products content (PV of 3.49 ± 0.25 meq O2/kg oil and a content of 1-penten-3-ol of 48.06 ± 9.57 ng/g oil after 6 weeks of storage at 4 °C). Moreover, the higher oxidative stability reported for the GS-based microcapsules containing WPH as film-forming material, compared to other studies, suggested a positive influence of the use of WPH as emulsifier with antioxidant activity. Additionally, low-fat mayonnaise enriched with: i) GS-based microcapsules containing WPH as film-forming material, ii) 5 wt% fish oil-in-water emulsion stabilized with WPH or iii) neat fish oil was produced. After the storage time (1 month, 25 °C), it was concluded that the delivery system played a major role on both the physical and oxidative stability of the fortified matrix, being the mayonnaise enriched with GS-based microcapsules containing WPH as emulsifier the most oxidatively and physically stable.
Novel food processing innovations to improve food safety and health (2011)

Summary Innovative food processing can be used to improve safety of specialty crops and their co-products, while improving sustainability of agricultural and food processing operations and enhancing overall nutritional quality of foods for both domestic and international consumers. The potential of various innovative food processes, many of which have been developed at the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center in Albany, CA, and some of which have been transferred into commercialization through partnerships with industry will be discussed. Innovative technologies such as film casting, ultraviolet, infrared, and solar energy treatments, can enhance final food product quality and nutritional value, while improving food safety.  Novel edible films and coatings formulated with natural antibacterial essential oils and food packaging systems to improve food safety will be discussed.  Applications of nanoscience to edible films will also be discussed. Innovazioni nella lavorazione di nuovi prodotti alimentari per migliorare la sicurezza alimentare e la salute Riassunto Le nuove tecniche di lavorazione dei prodotti alimentari possono essere utilizzate per migliorare la sicurezza delle colture specializzate e dei loro co-prodotti, migliorando nel contempo la sostenibilita delle operazioni di trasformazione agro-alimentare e valorizzando la qualita nutrizionale complessiva dei cibi sia per i consumatori nazionali che internazionali. In questo lavoro si trattera della potenzialita di queste nuove tecniche, molte delle quali sono state sviluppate presso l’USDA, il Dipartimento Americano per l’Agricoltura, nel centro di ricerca regionale occidentale di Albany, California ed in alcuni casi sono gia state commercializzate attraverso partnership con l’industria. Le tecnologie innovative come l’utilizzo di film edibili, i trattamenti con ultravioletti, con infrarossi e con energia solare, possono migliorare la qualita e il valore nutrizionale del prodotto finale, migliorando nel contempo la sicurezza alimentare. Saranno poi trattati i nuovi film edibili e i rivestimenti formulati con oli essenziali antibatterici naturali e i sistemi di confezionamento degli alimenti per migliorarne la sicurezza alimentare. Si affrontera inoltre anche il tema dell’applicazione della nanoscienza ai film edibili.
Metabolic syndrome or glucose challenge in first episode of psychosis? (2017)

Patients with schizophrenia exhibit a reduced life expectancy. Although unhealthy lifestyle or suicide risk plays a role, the main causes are diverse medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Albeit pharmacological secondary side effects might also trigger previous conditions, studies in naïve patients reflect diverse anomalies at the onset. Patients with a first episode of psychosis, display a wide scope of metabolic abnormalities, ranging from normality till pathological values depending on the parameters studied. We attempted to evaluate the metabolic syndrome and glycemic homeostasis in a subset of antipsychotic-naïve patients with a first episode of non-affective psychosis. Patients (n=84) showed a similar prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared with a matched control sample (n=98) (6% vs 4%, P=0.562), while glucose homeostasis values differed significantly (14% vs. 5%, P=0.034). Our results suggest that metabolic syndrome is not a useful clinical condition to be evaluated in patients before pharmacological treatment. Abnormal glycemic homeostasis at the onset of the disease requires specific diagnostic tools and preventive measures in order to avoid future cardiovascular events. New strategies must be implemented in order to evaluate the cardiovascular risk and subsequent morbidity in patients at the onset of the disease.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification of a Repetitive DNA Sequence Specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1990)

A segment of DNA repeated in the chromosome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was sequenced and used as a target for amplification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sequences of the primers (5' to 3') were CCTGCGAGCGTAGGCGTCGG and CTCGTCCAGCGCCGCTTCGG, and a temperature of 68 degrees C was used for annealing the primers in the reaction. Amplification produced a 123-base-pair fragment with an internal SalI site. The specific PCR product was obtained with input DNA from 11 different strains of M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis and one strain of Mycobacterium simiae. No product was detected with DNA from 28 strains of the Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium chelonei, and Mycobacterium gordonae. The PCR product was detected by gel electrophoresis after 30 cycles using 1 fg of input DNA. Amplification of this sequence may provide the basis for an assay to detect M. tuberculosis directly in clinical material.
Pathlet routing (2009)

We present a new routing protocol, pathlet routing, in which networks advertise fragments of paths, called pathlets, that sources concatenate into end-to-end source routes. Intuitively, the pathlet is a highly flexible building block, capturing policy constraints as well as enabling an exponentially large number of path choices. In particular, we show that pathlet routing can emulate the policies of BGP, source routing, and several recent multipath proposals. This flexibility lets us address two major challenges for Internet routing: scalability and source-controlled routing. When a router's routing policy has only "local" constraints, it can be represented using a small number of pathlets, leading to very small forwarding tables and many choices of routes for senders. Crucially, pathlet routing does not impose a global requirement on what style of policy is used, but rather allows multiple styles to coexist. The protocol thus supports complex routing policies while enabling and incentivizing the adoption of policies that yield small forwarding plane state and a high degree of path choice.