gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decomposing Consumer Health Questions (2014)

This paper presents a method for decomposing long, complex consumer health questions. Our approach largely decomposes questions using their syntactic structure, recognizing independent questions embedded in clauses, as well as coordinations and exemplifying phrases. Additionally, we identify elements specific to disease-related consumer health questions, such as the focus disease and background information. To achieve this, our approach combines rank-and-filter machine learning methods with rule-based methods. Our results demonstrate significant improvements over the heuristic methods typically employed for question decomposition that rely only on the syntactic parse tree.
Thyroid [123I]MIBG uptake in Parkinson’s disease and diabetes mellitus (2023)

Thyroid [<sup>123</sup>I]MIBG uptake is proposed as a tool for differentiating between Parkinson's disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) on [<sup>123</sup>I]MIBG scintigraphies since both patient groups show decreased cardiac uptake. One study compared thyroid [<sup>123</sup>I]MIBG uptake in DM and PD patients and reported reduced [<sup>123</sup>I]MIBG uptake only in the PD group. Here, we investigated thyroid [<sup>123</sup>I]MIBG uptake in patients with PD and DM and found severely reduced thyroid [<sup>123</sup>I]MIBG uptake in DM. Larger studies are needed to substantiate whether DM patients are more or less likely to exhibit decreased thyroid MIBG uptake compared to controls and PD patients.
REGIONAL OBSERVATIONS OF MINING BLASTS BY THE GSETT-3 SEISMIC MONITORING SYSTEM (2008)

The cessation of testing of any nuclear explosive devices in all environments is the goal of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. In order to assure compliance with such a treaty, an international monitoring system has been proposed. This system will include seismic, infrasound, hydroacoustic and radionucleide monitors located throughout the world. The goal of this system is the detection of any nuclear test. In preparation for this treaty, a series of monitoring system tests, focusing primarily on seismic observations, have been undertaken. The most recent of these tests, Group of Scientific Experts Technical Test Three (GSETT-3), provides valuable data for assessing future monitoring systems. During the course of this experiment, seismic events associated with earthquakes, nuclear explosions and mining explosions have been recorded. This presentation will discuss the numbers and types of mining explosions triggering the system, in a particular area. Possible implications for the mining industry will be explored. 1. The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and Seismic Monitoring of Explosions. The United States has been participating in the international negotiation of a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. The purpose of the treaty is to provide an international framework under which all nations can agree to stop the testing of nuclear explosions. These negotiations have culminated in the opening of the CTBT for
Seismic analysis of hydraulic structures affected by alkali-aggregate reaction: a case study (2001)

This paper describes the results of numerical analysis of a hydraulic structure subjected to seismic load. The paper is divided into two main parts. First, a numerical procedure for the description of mechanical effects of alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete structures is briefly outlined. Subsequently, a single unit of the Beauharnois power plant, situated in Quebec (Canada), is analysed in the context of seismic excitation. The numerical simulations are aimed at assessing the dynamic stability of this unit and investigating the evolution of damage associated with inception of macrocracks.Key words: alkali-aggregate reaction, plasticity, seismic analysis, hydraulic structures.
Targeting Genes of Cd Induced Oxidative Stress Response in Yeasts (2013)

The microbial biosynthesis of nanoparticles has become one of the most studied fields of nanobiotechnology. However, exposure of cells to heavy metals and matalloides profoundly affects biological systems as it generally leads to intracellular oxidative damage and strongly depends on the cellular metabolic status. In this respect, the cadmium resistance of 7 yeast species differing in their type of glucose oxidation and energy generation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Pichia pastoris, Hansenula polymorpha, Kluyveromyces lactis and Rhodotorula graminis) was studied. It was shown that the cellular growth of S. pombe and C. glabrata was not significantly impaired when high Cd concentration was applied. Unusually elevated survival levels were also detected in H. polymorpha and R. graminis yeasts. To further investigate the cellular resistance to Cd ions, a comprehensive in silico analysis of key antioxidant enzymes were performed. Applying a computational approach, it was shown that Crabtree positive Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Candida glabrata, as well as the oxidative yeast Rhodotorula graminis possess genetically determined advantages for surviving when higher concentrations of toxic Cd ions are present in the environment: existence of duplicated copies of genes encoded key antioxidant enzymes (catalases, glutathione peroxidases and glutathione S-transferases). Moreover, the proteins involved in cellular antioxidant defence in those yeast species possess numerous targeting signals allowing their localization plasticity in different subcellular structures. In spite of the lack of antioxidant genetic advantages, Hansenula polymorpha also revealed high Cd resistance.
An efficient protocol for accessing β-amino dicarbonyl compounds through aza-Michael reaction (2010)

β-Amino dicarbonyl compounds comprise a class of useful ligands on the coordination chemistry. In view of their importance, an efficient and facile method for the synthesis of β-amino dicarbonyl compounds has been developed, exploring the aza-Michael addition reactions in an aqueous medium. It was possible to achieve good to excellent yields, along with regioselectivity, the substituted diethyl 2-(phenylmethyl)malonates that were easily isolated without any chromatographic purification. The correct configuration of two of these β-amino dicarbonyl compounds were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. A complementary mechanism of this aza-Michael protocol is proposed to explain the results obtained.
Can local ablative techniques replace surgery for locally advanced pancreatic cancer? (2021)

In the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) the best chance at long term survival or cure has to date always included the complete surgical removal of the tumor. However, locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC), about 25% of all newly diagnosed PDAC, is defined by its primary technical unresectability due to infiltration of visceral arteries and absence of metastasis. Induction therapies, especially FOLFIRINOX treatment, together with technical surgical advancement have increased the numbers for conversion to secondary resectability. Recent data on resections after induction therapy show promising, almost doubled survival compared to palliative treatment. Yet, around 70% of LAPC remain unresectable after induction therapy, often due to persistent local invasion. As locally ablative techniques are becoming more widely available this review examines their possible applicability to substitute for surgery in these cases which we propose to group under the new term "Inconvertible LAPC". The need for defining this novel subgroup who might benefit from ablative treatment is based on the findings in our review that high-level evidence on ablative techniques for PDAC is largely lacking and the latest effective, harmonized treatment guidelines for LAPC are not often incorporated in these studies. The "inconvertible LAPC" label requires persistent unresectability after staging and induction therapy of LAPC according to current guidelines followed by liberal indication for aggressive surgical exploration at a center equipped for extended pancreatic resections. Ideally, this specification of a new, distinct patient group will also put it in the spotlight more, hopefully prompt more trials designed to generate robust evidence and optimize transferability of study results.
Potential mechanism of action of J5 vaccinein protection against severe bovine coliform mastitis (2002)

Coliform mastitis is one of the most difficult diseases to treat in the modern dairy industry. Curative therapy with antibiotics remains only moderately effective and depends on the stage at which the disease is treated. The most successful strategies for combating coliform mastitis appear to be prevention by hygienic management or prophylactic immunization. The severity of clinical symptoms of coliform mastitis has been shown to be reduced by immunization with the Escherichia coli J5 vaccine. However, although the J5 vaccine has been licensed in the United States for about 10 years, the immunological basis of its mechanism of action is still unknown. Until now, protection by J5 vaccination has often been explained by a straightforward mechanism of enhanced antibody production resulting in increased opsonization of coliform bacteria and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The possibility that J5 vaccination could decrease risk factors for coliform mastitis such as impaired blood polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte (PMN) diapedesis has never been investigated. This review provides arguments to support the hypothesis that J5 vaccination may reduce the severity of coliform mastitis by inducing a condition of mammary gland hyper-responsiveness, characterized by a T helper 1 (Th1) response and mediated by memory cells inside the mammary gland, finally resulting in enhanced PMN diapedesis upon an intramammary infection.
The Statistical Properties of the Equity Estimator (1994)

In this article we consider the Equity estimator proposed by Krishnamurthi and Rangaswamy. We show that this estimator is inconsistent and does not necessarily improve on the mean squared error (MSE) of the least squares (LS) estimator. We perform a Monte Carlo experiment based on the price-promotion model used in marketing research, with marketing data, comparing the MSE of the Equity estimator to that of two empirical Bayes estimators and the LS estimator. We find that the empirical Bayes estimators have substantially smaller MSE than the Equity estimator in almost every case.
Recent advances in the molecular pathogenesis of hereditary recurrent fevers (2006)

Recent reports have advanced our understanding of the structural and functional biology underlying the hereditary recurrent fevers, and are beginning to suggest possible mechanisms by which specific mutations cause disease.
Secondary structure in oligomers of carbohydrate amino acids (1998)

Short oligomeric chains of tetrahydrofuran amino acids exhibit a novel repeating β-turn type secondary structure in solution stabilised by hydrogen bonds and provide clear evidence that carbopeptoids will allow control of conformation in peptidomimetics.
Fabricate It or Render It? Digital Fabrication vs. Virtual Reality for Creating Objects Instantly (2022)

In the technical human-computer interaction (HCI) community, two research fields that gained significant popularity in the last decade are digital fabrication and augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR). Although the two fields deal with different technical challenges, both aim for a single end goal: creating ”objects” instantly – either by fabricating them physically or rendering them virtually. In this panel, we will discuss the pros and cons of both approaches, discuss which one may prevail in the future, and what opportunities exist for closer collaboration between researchers from the two research fields.
Correction to: Transcriptomes of microglia in experimental cerebral malaria in mice in the presence and absence of Type I Interferon signaling (2019)

Following publication of the original article [1], an error was reported in Table 1. The data repository links in the 4th column were incorrect. In this Correction, the corrected version of Table 1 is shown. The original publication of this article has been corrected.
Dose-dependent inner ear changes after i.v. administration of cisplatin. (1991)

The effect on the cochlear and vestibular surface structures in the inner ear of guinea pigs receiving different doses of cisplatin was studied in three groups of animals. A semi-quantitative analysis showed that cisplatin induced outer hair cell (OHC) damage which developed over days, was dose-dependent and that repeated intraperitoneal injections of a low dose of cisplatin caused OHC changes comparable to a single intravenous injection. The range of OHC damage varied generally between the three rows of OHCs, but in the most severely damaged cochleas the changes were equally distributed between the rows in the basal turn. The inner hair cells (IHCs) and sensory cells of the vestibular end organ were unaffected up to five days after an intravenous injection of cisplatin.
CCDC 291697: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2006)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
ChemInform Abstract: Eco‐Friendly and Facile Synthesis of 2‐Substituted‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine in Aqueous Medium by Air Oxidation. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF β‐ELEMENONE (1977)

Abstract Aus dem Cyclohexandion‐m0noketal (I) erhält man mit Chloräthyl‐äthylketon das Kondensationsprodukt (II), das zu (III) hydriert und weiter in ein Olefin (IV) umgewandelt werden kann, aus dem bei der Spaltung das Diol (Va) entsteht.
Collagen-binding heat shock protein (HSP) 47 expression in anti-thymocyte serum (ATS)-induced glomerulonephritis (1997)

An increased accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), predominantly collagens, is the main component of the expanded mesangial matrix in anti-thymocyte serum (ATS)-induced glomerulonephritis (GN). Heat shock protein (HSP) 47 is a collagen-binding stress protein and has been shown to have a specific role in the intracellular processing of procollagen molecules. It is a collagen-specific molecular chaperone in various organs, but its role in the kidney in relation to matrix expansion is not yet known. This study was designed to assess whether increased ECM accumulation in ATS-induced GN is associated with HSP47. The expression of type I, type III and type IV collagens, with their molecular chaperone HSP47, was investigated in ATS-induced GN rat kidneys. Fifteen male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: ATS-induced GN rats (group I) and age-matched controls (group II). GN was induced by injecting a single dose of ATS (0.8 ml/100 g body weight). All the rats were killed on the third and tenth day of the experiment. In group I, 3 days after ATS injection, histological examination revealed a reduction in glomerular cell number with mesangiolysis. However, 10 days after ATS injection, histologically severe mesangial cell proliferation with expansion of the mesangial matrix was noted in group I rats. By semiquantitative analysis, compared with controls, increased type I, type III, and type IV collagen immunostaining was observed in the expanded mesangial matrix in ATS-induced GN (group I) rats on day 10. Immunoreactive HSP47 expression was weak in the intraglomerular cells and was occasionally seen in the interstitial cells in control kidneys. In contrast, strong immunostaining for HSP47 was noted in the glomeruli of the ATS-treated rat kidneys on day 10. In this study, there was a parallel increase of various collagens and their molecular chaperone HSP47 in the ATS-treated rat kidneys. Compared with controls, no significant difference in HSP47 expression was found in the ATS-treated rat kidneys without mesangial matrix expansion (3 days after ATS injection). It is concluded that overexpression of HSP47 might play a significant role in the excessive assembly of collagens and could subsequently contribute to the expansion of mesangial matrix found in ATS-treated rat kidneys.
Research Committee Update: The curmudgeon's column: High-tech low tech (2021)

Abstract When I posted to LinkedIn some time back to generate publicity for my Geophysical Society of Houston technical lunch talk on beam tomography, one of the interesting comments from a colleague at a large service company was that beam technology is “a technology with many benefits that unfortunately is commonly regarded as old school/low tech.” I loved receiving the comment because it gives me an opportunity to talk about one of my favorite business concepts that I always look to apply: high-tech low tech. “High tech” is a term for new technology that incorporates advanced features. “Low tech” is old-school technology. I'll start with an example: the story of the Nest thermostat.
Abiding Geocast for Warning Message Dissemination in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (2008)

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are emerging as a new network environment for intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In many applications envisaged for VANETs, traffic information needs to be disseminated to a group of relevant vehicles and maintained for a duration of time. Here a system of abiding geocast is presented for disseminating warning message among mobile vehicles in VANETs. In this system vehicles on a stretch of roads carry safety messages to vehicles in the opposite direction, so as to warn them regarding a dangerous situation ahead. The objective is that as much as possible all relevant vehicles receive the warning before they reach the warning line, whereas as few messages are broadcasted as possible. Opposite vehicles are preferred as relays to reduce broadcast overhead and help message delivery upstream. Furthermore, wait time of individual relay vehicles are set dynamically for the next broadcast, thus unnecessary broadcasts can be saved while keeping the warning message in the affected area. Simulations show the quality of the proposed system by measuring the broadcast overhead under various conditions.
Cooling tower water treatment using a combination of electrochemical oxidation and constructed wetlands (2020)

A substantial part of the freshwater used in the industry is consumed in cooling towers. Cooling towers discharge saline cooling tower blowdown (CTBD), and the reuse of CTBD in the cooling tower can lower the industrial freshwater footprint. This reuse requires CTBD desalination and a pre-treatment that removes organic chemicals before physico-chemical desalination technologies to be applied efficiently. In the present study, the pre-treatment of CTBD by a combination of electrochemical oxidation (EO) with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) or mixed-metal oxide (MMO) anode and a vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) was assessed in both possible configurations. The integrated VFCW-EO systems removed more organic chemicals, such as COD, TOC, and the corrosion inhibitor benzotriazole than the EO-VFCW systems. However, the EO resulted in highly toxic effluent to Vibrio fischeri and the plants in the VFCW. This toxicity was the result of the production of unwanted chlorinated organic compounds and ClO3− and ClO4− by both the BDD- and MMO-anode during EO. These toxic EO by-products were removed substantially in the VFCW during EO-VFCW treatment but did impact the removal efficiency and viability of the VFCW. Moreover, significant water loss was observed in the VFCW due to evapotranspiration. In conclusion, the negative impact of EO effluent on the VFCW and evapotranspiration of the VFCW should be considered during application.
Sodium - Calcium Interactions and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension (1990)

In humans with essential hypertension, salt-induced increases in blood pressure have been reported to correlate directly with salt-induced increases in intracellular free calcium [( Ca2+]i) in circulating mononuclear cells. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that salt-induced increases in [Ca2+]i mediate the phenomenon of salt sensitivity. Circumstantial evidence suggests that salt-induced increases in intracellular sodium or in plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D might mediate salt-induced increases in [Ca2+]i and blood pressure. However, in humans with salt-sensitive hypertension, it remains to be determined: (1) whether salt-induced increases in white blood cell [Ca2+]i reflect corresponding increases in vascular smooth muscle [Ca2+]i; (2) whether salt-induced increases in [Ca2+]i are a cause or consequence of salt-induced increases in blood pressure; and (3) whether salt-induced increases in 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D or intracellular sodium precede salt-induced increases in [Ca2+]i.
Transmission penalties due to EDFA gain transients in add-drop multiplexed WDM networks (1999)

We analyze fiber transmission penalties due to erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) gain transients in a chain of 10-20 EDFA's with as many as 32 wavelength-division-multiplexed channels. Penalties are a result of increased fiber nonlinearity during channel deletion and amplified-spontaneous-emission noise during channel addition. We find that: (1) the system performance is severely degraded both in single-mode fiber and dispersion shifted fiber due to fiber nonlinearities; (2) the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be reduced by up to 8 dB in a 32-channel system; and (3) a control channel to suppress EDFA-gain and SNR transients may impose an additional penalty which increases with the bit rate.
Synthesis of sphingosine relatives. Part VI. Stereocontrolled synthesis of (2R,3R,5R,13S,14R)-(+)-aplisiasphingosine, a marine terpenoid. (1987)

The Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation was used for the synthesis of both D-erythro-dihydrosphingosine triacetate and (2S, 3S, 5R)-2-acetamino-5, 9-dimethyl-8-decene-1, 3-diol. A 13C-NMR study of the latter coupled with biogenetic considerations enabled us to propose (2R*, 3R*, 5R*, 13S*, 14R*)-relative stereochemistry for natural aplidiasphingosine. (2R, 3R, 5R, 13R, 14R)-(+)-aplidiasphingosine was synthesised starting from (R)-(+)-citronellic acid.
Obesity-induced Hypertension: Role of Sympathetic Nervous System, Leptin, and Melanocortins (2010)

Excess weight gain contributes to increased blood pressure in most patients with essential hypertension. Although the mechanisms of obesity hypertension are not fully understood, increased renal sodium reabsorption and impaired pressure natriuresis play key roles. Several mechanisms contribute to altered kidney function and hypertension in obesity, including activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which appears to be mediated in part by increased levels of the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin, stimulation of pro-opiomelanocortin neurons, and subsequent activation of central nervous system melanocortin 4 receptors.