gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search and Rescue in a Maze-like Environment with Ant and Dijkstra Algorithms (2022)

With the growing reliability of modern ad hoc networks, it is encouraging to analyze the potential involvement of autonomous ad hoc agents in critical situations where human involvement could be perilous. One such critical scenario is the Search and Rescue effort in the event of a disaster, in which timely discovery and help deployment is of utmost importance. This paper demonstrates the applicability of a bio-inspired technique, namely Ant Algorithms (AA), in optimizing the search time for a route or path to a trapped victim, followed by the application of Dijkstra’s algorithm in the rescue phase. The inherent exploratory nature of AA is put to use for faster mapping and coverage of the unknown search space. Four different AA are implemented, with different effects of the pheromone in play. An inverted AA, with repulsive pheromones, was found to be the best fit for this particular application. After considerable exploration, upon discovery of the victim, the autonomous agents further facilitate the rescue process by forming a relay network, using the already deployed resources. Hence, the paper discusses a detailed decision-making model of the swarm, segmented into two primary phases that are responsible for the search and rescue, respectively. Different aspects of the performance of the agent swarm are analyzed as a function of the spatial dimensions, the complexity of the search space, the deployed search group size, and the signal permeability of the obstacles in the area.
Managing conflict in software testing (2004)

Conflict between software testers and developers is inevitable, but mindful managers minimize its effect on development projects through communication, mutual respect, even social interaction.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Nitric Oxide Induces Early Viral Transcription Coincident with Increased DNA Damage and Mutation Rates in Human Papillomavirus–Infected Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Nitric Oxide Induces Early Viral Transcription Coincident with Increased DNA Damage and Mutation Rates in Human Papillomavirus–Infected Cells
27.1: Invited Paper : High Efficiency Organic EL Devices having Charge Generation Layers (2003)

Abstract We have developed organic EL (OEL) devices, in which extremely high quantum efficiency of over 100% can be obtained. In order to generate more than one photons per injected electron, “Charge Generation Layers (CGLs)” are placed between emissive units. At CGLs, electrons and holes are generated upon voltage application, and injected to the adjacent organic emissive layers. By using one CGL and two emissive units, quantum efficiency can be doubled compared to the conventional OEL device, and using two CGLs and three emissive units, quantum efficiency can be tripled. One of the OEL device using two CGLs and three emissive units, an extremely high efficiency of 48 cd/A (ca. 14% external) was obtained, which exceeds the so‐called theoretical upper limit of 5%. Examples of such “multiphoton emission” (MPE) devices will be introduced.
Sesquiterpene lactones‐enriched fraction of Inula helenium L. induces apoptosis through inhibition of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signaling pathway in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells (2018)

Inula helenium L., commonly known as Elecampane, has been extensively used for many countries in the folk medicine. Its root is a rich source of sesquiterpene lactones, which possess various pharmacological activities. To develop the phytomedicine including sesquiterpene lactones, we prepared hexane fraction from I. helenium (HFIH) and examined the inhibitory effect of HFIH on signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, detailed chemical investigation was done to pinpoint the most active sesquiterpene lactones responsible for its anticancer activity. HFIH selectively suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation at tyrosine 705, not affecting its upstream kinases. HFIH downregulated the expression of STAT3 target genes including cyclin D<sub>1</sub> , c-myc, and bcl-2 and induced caspase-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, sesquiterpene lactones of HFIH clearly suppressed STAT3 activation. The in vivo results further supported that HFIH inhibits the growth of human breast xenograft tumors. Our results suggest that HFIH possesses potential anticancer activity, which is mainly mediated through STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings provide the potential of HFIH as a promising phytomedicine for the treatment and prevention of triple-negative breast cancer.
A study of the ovigerous fraena of barnacles (1983)

Abstract A mainly microscopical study has been made on the paired ovigerous fraena of the stalked barnacle, Conchoderma auritum. An ovigerous fraenum is situated close to the adductor muscle in each sagittal half of the capitulum. Ovigerous fraena are simple extensions of the inner mantle occurring in sexually mature individuals. However, the distal region of an ovigerous fraenum is specialized in that many gland cells producing a proteinaceous secretion are present and numerous cuticular extensions, termed ovigerous setae, form a zone close to the margin on the inner face. Each seta is the product of the apical cytoplasmic extension of a single hypodermal cell and, as a cuticular projection, has the two distinct zones observed in the cuticle over the remaining parts of the ovigerous fraenum and inner mantle. There is an outer thin zone termed the cuticulin layer and a much more substantial inner lamellate layer. The slightly enlarged apical region of an ovigerous seta is characterized by back-pointing spines lying in a depression. The secretion, when released from the gland cells, passes out from raised papillae among the ovigerous setae and forms a sheet covering the ovigerous setae; many of the ovigerous setae have their apical region embedded in the secreted sheet. This anchored sheet is the adhesive that forms the permanent attachment between an ovigerous fraenum and the ovisac surrounding an egg mass. The presence or absence of ovigerous fraena was determined by dissection and scanning electron microscopy for a large number of thoracican barnacles. Ovigerous fraena were found in most, but not all lepadomorphs, and in a primitive balanomorph, Catophragmus (Catomerus) polymerus. C. polymerus was also found to possess branchiae (gills). Branchiae, which are restricted to balanomorphs, were previously thought to be modified ovigerous fraena; the occurrence of both ovigerous fraena and branchiae in C. polymerus demonstrates the independent origin of these two inner mantle structures.
Expression of TGF-Alpha and c-fos in Conventional and Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Floor of Mouth (1996)

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth is a newly recognized variant of squamous cell carcinoma that has a very aggressive behavior. To characterize basaloid squamous cell carcinoma at the molecular level, the authors studied the immunohistochemical expression in this tumor of the oncogene c-fos and of transforming growth factor-alpha. Eight cases of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma were evaluated by immunoperoxidase staining and compared to 16 squamous cell carcinomas of the floor of the mouth that ranged from well to poorly differentiated. The expression of c-fos was stronger in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma than it was in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Conversely, transforming growth factor-alpha expression was much stronger in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma than in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma or poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas showed weak to moderate immunostaining for transforming growth factor-alpha but stained intensely for c- fos, which was consistently expressed at a high level in these tumors. This study confirms the poorly differentiated nature of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, which has a similar pattern of staining as poorly differentiated. The decreased expression of transforming growth factor-alpha in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma may be related to the low degree of differentiation of this tumor since transforming growth factor-alpha tends to have higher levels of expression in well-differentiated tumor cells. Int J Surg Pathol 3(3):169-174, 1996
Sulfur incorporation into biomolecules: recent advances (2022)

Sulfur is an essential element for a variety of cellular constituents in all living organisms and adds considerable functionality to a wide range of biomolecules. The pathways for incorporating sulfur into central metabolites of the cell such as cysteine, methionine, cystathionine, and homocysteine have long been established. Furthermore, the importance of persulfide intermediates during the biosynthesis of thionucleotide-containing tRNAs, iron-sulfur clusters, thiamin diphosphate, and the molybdenum cofactor are well known. This review briefly surveys these topics while emphasizing more recent aspects of sulfur metabolism that involve unconventional biosynthetic pathways. Sacrificial sulfur transfers from protein cysteinyl side chains to precursors of thiamin and the nickel-pincer nucleotide (NPN) cofactor are described. Newer aspects of synthesis for lipoic acid, biotin, and other compounds are summarized, focusing on the requisite iron-sulfur cluster destruction. Sulfur transfers by using a noncore sulfide ligand bound to a [4Fe-4S] cluster are highlighted for generating certain thioamides and for alternative biosynthetic pathways of thionucleotides and the NPN cofactor. Thioamide formation by activating an amide oxygen atom via phosphorylation also is illustrated. The discussion of these topics stresses the chemical reaction mechanisms of the transformations and generally avoids comments on the gene/protein nomenclature or the sources of the enzymes. This work sets the stage for future efforts to decipher the diverse mechanisms of sulfur incorporation into biological molecules.
Amino Acid Residues Involved in Substrate Recognition of the Escherichia coli Orf135 Protein (2005)

The Escherichia coli Orf135 protein, a MutT-type enzyme, hydrolyzes mutagenic 2-hydroxy-dATP (2-OH-dATP) and 8-hydroxy-dGTP, in addition to dCTP and 5-methyl-dCTP, and its deficiency causes increases in both the spontaneous and H(2)O(2)-induced mutation frequencies. To identify the amino acid residues that interact with these nucleotides, the Glu-33, Arg-72, Arg-77, and Asp-118 residues of Orf135, which are candidates for residues interacting with the base, were substituted, and the enzymatic activities of these mutant proteins were examined. The mutant proteins with a substitution at the 33rd, 72nd, and 118th amino acid residues displayed activities affected to various degrees for each substrate, suggesting the involvement of these residues in substrate binding. On the other hand, the mutant protein with a substitution at the 77th Arg residue had activitiy similar to that of the wild-type protein, excluding the possibility that this Arg side chain is involved in base recognition. In addition, the expression of some Orf135 mutants in orf135(-) E. coli reduced the level of formation of rpoB mutants elicited by H(2)O(2). These results reveal the residues involved in the substrate binding of the E. coli Orf135 protein.
Kinetische Untersuchung zur platinkatalysierten Hydrosilylierung von Vinylsiloxanen mit Hydrogensiloxanen (1994)

Kinetic Investigation of the Platinum-catalysed Hydrosilylation of Vinylsiloxanes with Hydrogensiloxanes A kinetic investigation of the platinum-catalysed hydrosilylation of monofunctional oligomeric vinylsiloxanes by monofunctional oligomeric hydrogensiloxanes was performed under stoichiometric conditions with use of quantitative 1H-NMR spectrometry. The reaction rate up to 50% conversion can be expressed by v=k [Pt]. During further hydrosilylation the kinetic changed to second order. No induction period was observed. A hydrogensiloxane with a dimethylsilyl end group gives much higher rates than a siloxane with a methylsiloxy group. The main reactions of all hydrosilylations, determined by GC-MS and 29Si-NMR, are β-additions. Less then 5% α-products are obtained.
Front Matter for 7351 (2009)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7351, including the Title Page, Copyright information, table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing.
Atomically sharp, crystal phase defined GaAs quantum dots (2021)

Crystal phase defined heterostructures, or polytype heterostructures, are atomically sharp with no intermixing, which makes them ideal contenders for a wide range of applications. Although polytype quantum dots have shown promising results as single photon sources, a high degree of control on the dimensions and the number of polytype quantum dots is necessary before any application can be developed. In this work, we show results from optical characterization of highly controlled wurtzite (wz)–zinc blende (zb) GaAs quantum dots with sharp photoluminescence signal and a strong indication of 0D density of states. One band effective mass calculations show good agreement with the measured data. Radially confined nanowires with a single wz–zb GaAs interface also show sharp photoluminescence signal and 0D density of states. This indicates the existence of quantum dot like states in triangular wells formed at the wz–zb GaAs interface. These results show the potential of polytype quantum dots for physics and optics applications.
Context-Aware Trust and Privacy Application for Mobile Identification System (2009)

The trend on the proliferation of handheld devices triggered an increase on the development of pervasive and personalized mobile applications that exploit and support peer-to-peer/ad-hoc networks. This creates the conditions and motivation for a mobile electronic ID system, preferably one which provides a friendly privacy solution. The existing mobile identification solutions place the interviewer in a more authoritative position than the interviewee, while little or no privacy control is applied by the interviewee. With the mobile ID system (MobIS), this paper proposes a universal mobile ID system which is suitable for various scenarios (e.g. for professional, medical, or official uses) in a heterogeneous network environment. Such systems are highly prone to security and privacy threats, so a context aware privacy mechanism is developed in the proposed framework. The security and privacy frameworks are elaborated, and a demonstration of the prototype is presented in this paper.
Hypoglycemic effects of colestimide on type 2 diabetic patients with obesity (2012)

Recent studies have shown colestimide, a bile acid-binding resin, to also exert a glucose-lowering effect via amelioration of insulin resistance. To evaluate the effects of colestimide on glucose metabolism and to elucidate the underlying mechanism, we conducted a 6-month, open-label pilot study on 43 type 2 diabetic patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 25). The subjects were randomized to either treatment with colestimide 4g/day (T group, n=23) or continuation of their current therapy (C group, n=20). In the T group patients, mean HbA1c and fasting glucose improved markedly (from 7.71 ± 0.32% to 6.97 ± 0.20%; from 147.4 ± 7.3mg/dL to 127.0 ± 5.0mg/dL, respectively), while obesity-related parameters, i.e. body weight, waist circumference, and visceral fat and subcutaneous fat as determined by umbilical slice abdominal CT, showed no significant changes. Fractionation analyses of serum bile acids revealed significantly increased cholic acids (CA) and decreased chenodeoxycholic acids (CDCA) in the T group patients. However, no correlation was observed between these changes and ΔHbA1c. According to logistic regression analysis, baseline HbA1c was the only variable predicting the decrease of HbA1c (>0.5%) among sex, age, BMI, total cholesterol, ΔCA and ΔCDCA. The index of insulin resistance, i.e. HOMA-R, did not improve, and the index of β cell function, i.e. HOMA-β, actually increased significantly. These results suggests that, in obese patients with type 2 diabetes, the mechanism underlying improved glycemic control with colestimide treatment involves enhanced β cell activity rather than improved insulin resistance.
Nano-enabled metal oxide varistors (2009)

Zinc oxide based metal oxide varistors (MOV) are widely used electrical surge protection components. The design of modern high power, high-density electronic systems necessitate the need for smaller footprint, higher current density and higher nonlinearity MOVs. Such requirements can no longer be satisfied by commercially available MOVs due to their limited voltage capability, high leakage current and mechanical cracking related reliability issues, most of which are associated with the presence of defects and coarse granularity and lack of uniformity in their microstructures. New formulations and processes have been developed to overcome such limitations. This work has developed nano-enabled MOV compositions that can be sintered at relatively lower temperatures than typical commercial MOVs, but with largely improved I-V characteristics due to refined and uniform sub-micron structures. These nano-enabled MOVs show not only high breakdown strength (1.5 kV/mm) with low leakage current, but also a large nonlinear alpha coefficient > 50 at high fields, a measure of the speed of the transition from the insulating to conducting state and the effectiveness of over-voltage protection. A > 10x increase in breakdown strength compared to commercial MOVs, along with much higher nonlinearity, will enable MOV miniaturization, high voltage surge protection, and open up new areas of application.
Structure and Dynamic Behavior of the Na–Crown Ether Complex in the Graphite Layers Studied by DFT and 1H NMR (2018)

Diffusion of alkali metals in graphite layers is significant for the chemical and electrochemical properties of graphite intercalation compounds (GICs). Crown ethers co-intercalate into graphite with alkali metal (Na and K) cations and form ternary GICs. The structures and molecular dynamics of 15-crown-5 and 18-crown-6 ether coordinating to Na+ or K+ in GICs were investigated by DFT calculations and 1H solid state NMR analyses. DFT calculations suggest a stacked structure of crown ether–metal complex with some offset. 1H NMR shows two kinds of molecular motions at room temperature: isotropic rotation with molecular diffusion and axial rotation with fluctuation of the axis. The structure and dynamics of crown ether molecules in GIC galleries are strongly affected by the geometry of the crown ether molecules and the strength of the interaction between alkali metal and ligand molecules.
Immunoquantification of lipoprotein(a): Comparison of nephelometry with electroimmunodiffusion (1993)

A new fully automated nephelometric immunoassay for lipoprotein(a) quantification in human serum was evaluated using the Behring Nephelometer Analyzer. The assay exhibited a good linearity in the concentration range of 110-1,770 mg/l; at higher concentrations, samples were automatically diluted by a factor of 4. The method is simple, robust, and shows an excellent stability of the calibration curve over several weeks. Intra-assay and day-to-day coefficients of variation were 2% and 4.5%, respectively. The method correlated well with electroimmunodiffusion (r = 0.977; n = 123; P = 0.0001). Unspecific turbidity as expressed by an elevated blank value occurred in 3% of all freshly measured samples (n = 392). Storage of the samples for 1 week at 4 degrees C had no significant influence on the results. Frozen sera, on the other hand, cannot be assayed by this method. We believe that this assay is well suited for use in clinical routine work.
Ablative radiation therapy to restrain everything safely treatable (ARREST): study protocol for a phase I trial treating polymetastatic cancer with stereotactic radiotherapy (2021)

This trial was prospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04530513 on August 28, 2020.
Optical properties of metallic (III, Mn)V ferromagnetic semiconductors in the infrared to visible range (2004)

We report on a study of the ac conductivity and magneto-optical properties of metallic ferromagnetic (III, Mn)V semiconductors in the infrared to visible spectrum at zero temperature. Our analysis is based on the successful kinetic exchange model for (III, Mn)V ferromagnetic semiconductors. We perform the calculations within the Kubo formalism and treat the disorder effects pertubatively within the Born approximation, valid for the metallic regime. We consider an eight-band Kohn-Luttinger model (six valence bands plus two conduction bands) as well as a ten-band model with additional dispersionless bands simulating phenomenologically the upper-mid-gap states induced by antisite and interstitial impurities. These models qualitatively account for optical-absorption experiments and predict new features in the mid-infrared Kerr angle and magnetic-circular-dichroism properties as a function of Mn concentration and free carrier density.
Loss of activation of Gs but not Gi following expression of an α2A‐adrenoceptor‐Gi1α fusion protein (1998)

Both the porcine alpha2A-adrenoceptor and a fusion protein between this receptor and a pertussis toxin-resistant form of Gila were stably expressed in Rat-1 fibroblasts. The agonist UK14304 mediated a biphasic regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity via the isolated receptor with inhibition of the enzyme activity at low concentrations of the compound which was subsequently reversed at higher concentrations. By contrast, stimulation of the fusion protein with this agonist could only produce inhibition of enzyme activity. This inhibition was produced by activation of endogenous Gi rather than the fused alpha subunit of Gi1, as pertussis toxin treatment obliterated inhibitory regulation of adenylyl cyclase via the fusion construct. Pertussis toxin treatment potentiated stimulation of adenylyl cyclase via the isolated receptor but such treatment was unable to uncover capacity of the fusion protein to produce such an effect.
An objective quality metric for panoramic videos (2018)

The creation of high quality panoramic videos for immersive VR content is commonly done using a rig with multiple cameras covering the required scene. Unfortunately, this setup introduces both spatial and temporal artifacts due to the difference in optical centers as well as the imperfect synchronization between them. Therefore, designing quality metrics to assess those videos is becoming increasingly important. Using traditional image quality metrics is not directly applicable due to the lack of a reference image. In addition, such metrics do not capture the geometric nature of such deformations. In this paper, we present a quality metric for panoramic video frames which works by computing pair-wise quality maps prior to blending and fusing them to obtain a global map of potential errors. Our metric is based on an existing one designed for novel view synthesized image, which is a similar problem to image stitching. Results show that applying this quality metric offers a practical way to assess panoramic video frames which do not have a reference. It also consolidates the similarity of the artifacts produced from novel view synthesis algorithms and those produced in the process of image and video stitching.