gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic enhancement of cell death by triple combination therapy of docetaxel, ultrasound and microbubbles, and radiotherapy on PC3 a prostate cancer cell line (2022)

The application of ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) has been shown to enhance both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This study investigated the potential of triple combination therapy comprised of USMB, docetaxel (Taxotere: TXT) chemotherapy and XRT to enhance treatment efficacy. Prostate cancer (PC3) cells in suspension were treated with various combinations of USMB, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Cells were treated with ultrasound and microbubbles (500 kHz pulse center frequency, 580 kPa peak negative pressure, 10 μs pulse duration, 60 s insonation time and 2% Definity microbubbles (v/v)), XRT (2 Gy), and Taxotere (TXT) at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 0.1 nM for 5- and 120-minutes duration. Following treatment, cell viability was assessed using a clonogenic assay. Therapeutic efficiency of the combined treatments depended on chemotherapy and microbubble exposure conditions. Under the exposure conditions of the study, the triple combination therapy synergistically enhanced clonogenic cell death compared to single and double combination therapy. Cell viability of ∼2% was achieved with the triple combination therapy corresponding to ∼29, ∼37, and ∼38 folds decrease compared to XRT (57%), USMB (74%) and TXT (76%) alone conditions, respectively. In addition, the triple combination therapy decreased cell viability by ∼29, ∼19- and ∼11 folds compared to TXT2hr + USMB (58%), TXT2hr + XRT (37%), and USMB + XRT (22%), respectively.&#13;\nThe in vivo PC3 tumours showed that USMB significantly enhanced cell death through detection of apoptosis (TUNEL) with both TXT and TXT + XRT. The study demonstrated that the triple combination therapy can significantly enhance cell death in prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo under relatively low chemotherapy and ionizing radiation doses.
Determining individual stresses in a loaded finite plate containing a near-edge hole from measured temperature data (2008)

Evaluating the coefficients of a relevant Airy stress function from measured temperatures (i.e., thermoelastic stress analysis, TSA) enables the determination of the individual stresses in an aluminum plate which contains a near-edge circular hole. The plate is supported along its edge from below and subjected to a concentrated top-edge load away from the hole. Imposing the traction-free conditions analytically, rather than discretely, on the edge of the hole significantly reduces the number of coefficients needed in the stress function, as well as the number of equations involved in the least squares process. The general technique, which is applicable to a wide range of engineering problems and materials (no model or coating is required, other than perhaps being painted flat black to enhance the uniformity and emissivity of the material), benefits from the availability of contemporary equipment capable of providing extensive amounts of data in a matter of minutes
THE PREPARATION OF S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE (1957)

Althoughthe enzymatic synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine was accomplished several years ago (l), there have, as yet, been few reports of experiments with this compound.The main reason for the paucity of data appears to be the difficulty of obtaining S-adenosylmethionine in adequate quantities at a reasonable expenditure of time and starting material.Cantoni (2) has prepared S-adenosylmethionine by the reaction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with r,-methionine in the presence of purified liver enzyme, according to a reaction sequence which, in summary, may be written as follows:L-Methionine + ATP -+ S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3P (inorganic)
Natural Variation of Drug Susceptibility in Wild-Type Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2004)

Wild-type viruses from the ViroLogic phenotype-genotype database were evaluated to determine the upper confidence limit of the drug susceptibility distributions, or "biological cutoffs," for the PhenoSense HIV phenotypic drug susceptibility assay. Definition of the natural variation in drug susceptibility in wild-type human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 isolates is necessary to determine the prevalence of innate drug resistance and to assess the capability of the PhenoSense assay to reliably measure subtle reductions in drug susceptibility. The biological cutoffs for each drug, defined by the 99th percentile of the fold change in the 50% inhibitory concentration distributions or the mean fold change plus 2 standard deviations, were lower than those previously reported for other phenotypic assays and lower than the clinically relevant cutoffs previously defined for the PhenoSense assay. The 99th percentile fold change values ranged from 1.2 (tenofovir) to 1.8 (zidovudine) for nucleoside reverse transcriptase RT inhibitors (RTIs), from 3.0 (efavirenz) to 6.2 (delavirdine) for nonnucleoside RTIs, and from 1.6 (lopinavir) to 3.6 (nelfinavir) for protease inhibitors. To evaluate the potential role of intrinsic assay variability in the observed variations in the drug susceptibilities of wild-type isolates, 10 reference viruses with different drug susceptibility patterns were tested 8 to 30 times each. The median coefficients of variation in fold change for the reference viruses ranged from 12 to 18% for all drugs except zidovudine (32%), strongly suggesting that the observed differences in wild-type virus susceptibility to the different drugs is related to intrinsic virus variability rather than assay variability. The low biological cutoffs and assay variability suggest that the PhenoSense HIV assay may assist in defining clinically relevant susceptibility cutoffs for resistance to antiretroviral drugs.
A high-dynamic-range and high-resolution projector with dual modulation (2009)

We are currently researching a next-generation broadcasting system named "Super Hi-Vision", which provides images with much higher resolution and quality than a high definition television, and are developing displays for this system. We have developed a projector which can display the high-resolution images of Super Hi-Vision (7680x4320 pixels) and has a high dynamic range of 1.1 million to 1. This projector features a serial combination of two modulation blocks: the first block for chrominance modulation and the second block for luminance modulation. While a conventional projector has one modulation block that contains three devices to modulate red, green, and blue light, our projector has another modulation block that contains a device for luminance to further modulate the combined RGB modulated light. This configuration enables the projector to output high-resolution color images by combining three low-resolution devices for chrominance modulation and one high-resolution device for luminance modulation. As a high-resolution device, we have newly developed a 1.75-inch liquid crystal on silicon device with 8192x4320 pixels. In addition, the dynamic range is dramatically improved because this dual modulation scheme minimizes the black levels in projected images. We demonstrated that our projector displays Super Hi-Vision color images and that it has an extremely high dynamic range of 1.1 million to 1 and a fine 10-bit tone reproduction.
Screening for immune response against Dengue virus in Vietnamese non‐human primates: implications for vaccine developers (2017)

One of the major problems faced for the development of a vaccine against Dengue virus is the lack of a suitable animal model. Although non-human primates do not show overt signs of disease, these animals develop viremia after the infection and are the best model to evaluate vaccine candidates against this pathogen. However, for that purpose, the screening of all animals is mandatory to discard those with previous natural immunity. The most common technique used in the screening is the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). However, most recent studies points to the cell-mediated immunity (CMI) as an important player in the process of controlling Dengue virus (DENV) infections. Here we presented the results from the screening of 55 rhesus monkeys housed in an animal breeding facility at Quang Ninh province, Vietnam. We evaluated the neutralizing antibody response by PRNT and determined the levels of interferon γ (IFNγ)-secretion after the viral stimulation of monkey-peripheral blood mononuclear cells, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found no correspondence between PRNT and IFNγ-ELISA. In fact, 19 animals were positive only by IFNγ-ELISA. Moreover, to study the protective capacity of the CMI detected, three animals with positive response by IFNγ-ELISA and negative by PRNT were inoculated with an infective preparation of DENV-3 and, as a result, no viremia was detected during 10 days after the challenge. This fact points to the importance of screening non-human primates through a CMI assay together with PRNT. This procedure should discard those false-negative cases which would be protected after the viral challenge in the immunization schedule.
Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological investigation of N-lupinyl-2-methoxybenzamides. (1996)

A set of eleven N-lupinyl-2-methoxybenzamides, variously substituted on the benzene ring, together with two related compounds, were prepared and subjected to a large pharmacological screening, though not all compounds were tested in each assay. Compounds 1-10 displaced [125I]-iodosulpride from D2 receptors only at very high concentration (IC50 > 5 microM). At micromolar concentrations, compounds 1, 12, and 13 inhibited the binding of [3H]-pirenzepine and of [3H]-di-o-tolylguanidine respectively on M1 and sigma receptors; in the last case comp. 13 was more active (IC50 = 0.3 microM) than the epimeric 1. Compounds 1-10 at 10-25 mg/kg p.o. protected mice against electroshock induced seizures; 1-sulpiride was inactive in this test. Compound 1 exhibited in three tests antiarrhythmic activity superior to that of quinidine and lidocaine. The same antagonized, in vitro, guinea pig ileum contractile response induced by several agents, and enhanced the intestinal transit rate in mice (charcoal bolus test). The last activity (shown in lower degree also by comp. 5) could be related to agonism with 5HT4 receptors, as could be expected for orthopramides with conformationally restricted side chains. This possibility is presently under investigation.
Study of the Renal Tubular Interactions of Thyrocalcitonin, Cyclic Adenosine 3′, 5′ -Monophosphate, 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol, and Calcium Ion (1974)

Acute clearance studies were performed in thyroparathyroidectomized animals to determine the actions and interactions of thyrocalcitonin (TCT), cyclic adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cAMP), 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25HCC), and calcium ion on the reabsorption of phosphate, calcium, sodium, and potassium by the kidney. The infusion of 25HCC in a dosage of 60 U/h to moderately saline-expanded animals (2.5% body weight) induced a fall in the excretion of all of the ions under study after 90-120 min similar to that observed in previous experiments from this laboratory. Mean decrements in fractional excretion were: phosphate, 42.0% (P < 0.005); calcium, 25.0% (P < 0.005); sodium, 23.4% (P < 0.001); and potassium, 14.7% (P < 0.005). The superimposition of either porcine or salmon TCT (1-100 MRC U/h for 2 h) resulted in no further alterations in electrolyte excretion. However, the infusion of TCT during steady-state saline expansion, before the administration of 25HCC, obviated the renal transport effects of the vitamin D metabolite. Both in the latter studies, as well as those in which similar doses of TCT were given to hydropenic animals, the hormone itself failed to induce any consistent alteration in electrolyte excretion. Cyclic AMP (50 mg/h) caused an increase in the excretion of phosphate, sodium, and potassium and no change in calcium excretion. Like TCT, the nucleotide blocked the action of 25HCC on the kidney. Raising the mean level of serum ultrafilterable calcium to 3.02+/-0.25 mEq/liter from 1.62+/-0.17 mEq/liter likewise prevented enhanced ionic reabsorption due to 25HCC.
Know thy neighbor's neighbor (2004)

Several peer-to-peer networks are based upon randomized graph topologies that permit efficient greedy routing, e. g., randomized hypercubes, randomized Chord, skip-graphs and constructions based upon small-world percolation networks. In each of these networks, a node has out-degree Θ(log n), where n denotes the total number of nodes, and greedy routing is known to take O(log n) hops on average. We establish lower-bounds for greedy routing for these networks, and analyze Neighbor-of-Neighbor (NoN)-greedy routing. The idea behind NoN, as the name suggests, is to take a neighbor's neighbors into account for making better routing decisions.The following picture emerges: Deterministic routing networks like hypercubes and Chord have diameter Θ(log n) and greedy routing is optimal. Randomized routing networks like randomized hypercubes, randomized Chord, and constructions based on small-world percolation networks, have diameter Θ(log n / log log n) with high probability. The expected diameter of Skip graphs is also Θ(log n / log log n). In all of these networks, greedy routing fails to find short routes, requiring Ω(log n) hops with high probability. Surprisingly, the NoN-greedy routing algorithm is able to diminish route-lengths to Θ(log n / log log n) hops, which is asymptotically optimal.
A Queuing Framework for Terminal Area Operations (2011)

As a part of NASA’s NextGen research effort, the focus area of Airspace Super-Density Operations (ASDO) performs research pertaining to highly efficient operations at the busiest airports and terminal airspaces. It is expected that multiple ASDO concepts will be interacting with one another in a complex stochastic manner. This research effort developed a high-fidelity queuing model of the terminal area suitable for the design and analysis of NextGen ASDO concepts, as well as to perform time-varying stochastic analysis of terminal area operations with regards to schedule and wind uncertainties. A unique aspect of the current approach is the discretization of terminal airspace routes into 3-nmi servers for enforcing separation requirements. The current research effort developed high-fidelity queuing models of the San Francisco International Airport (SFO) terminal airspace, based on published airspace geometry. A discrete-event simulation framework was developed to simulate the temporal evolution of flights in the terminal area. The queuing simulation framework was used in different case studies involving various phenomena in the terminal area such as compression, conflict and delay analysis, runway reconfiguration and variable inter-aircraft separation. In addition to being a useful analysis tool, the proposed simulation framework shows potential as a real time stochastic decision support tool due to its low computational cost.
Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting the Tribological Behavior of Al 7075 - SiC Metal Matrix Composites (2014)

Wear is a complex phenomenon and the most important reason for the damage and consequent failure of machine parts. The dry sliding wear performance of particulate reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites (Al-MMCs) are being investigated by numerous researchers during the last three decades. A lot of experiments have to be conducted in order to study the wear behavior. Artificial Neural Networks help in reducing the cost of experimentation when implemented with care and enough data. In this work, wear behavior of Al7075 aluminium matrix composites reinforced with particulates has been investigated. The Al7075-SiC metal matrix composites were fabricated through liquid metallurgy process containing 2-6 wt% SiC. The dry sliding wear tests were conducted using computerized pin on disc wear testing machine. The wear properties of the composites containing SiC were better than that of the matrix material and further, the composite containing 6 wt% SiC content exhibited superior wear resistance. An ANN model was developed to predict the tribological properties of the Al7075-SiC composites. The predicted values of tribological
Porphyrin and Heme Metabolism and the Porphyrias (2012)

Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins are the key pigments of life on earth as we know it, because they include chlorophyll (a magnesium-containing metalloporphyrin) and heme (iron protoporphyrin). In eukaryotes, porphyrins and heme are synthesized by a multistep pathway that involves eight enzymes. The first and rate-controlling step is the formation of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) from glycine plus succinyl CoA, catalyzed by ALA synthase. Intermediate steps occur in the cytoplasm, with formation of the monopyrrole porphobilinogen and the tetrapyrroles hydroxymethylbilane and a series of porphyrinogens, which are serially decarboxylated. Heme is utilized chiefly for the formation of hemoglobin in erythrocytes, myoglobin in muscle cells, cytochromes P-450 and mitochondrial cytochromes, and other hemoproteins in hepatocytes. The rate-controlling step of heme breakdown is catalyzed by heme oxygenase (HMOX), of which there are two isoforms, called HMOX1 and HMOX2. HMOX breaks down heme to form biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and iron. The porphyrias are a group of disorders, mainly inherited, in which there are defects in normal porphyrin and heme synthesis. The cardinal clinical features are cutaneous (due to the skin-damaging effects of excess deposited porphyrins) or neurovisceral attacks of pain, sometimes with weakness, delirium, seizures, and the like (probably due mainly to neurotoxic effects of ALA). The treatment of choice for the acute hepatic porphyrias is intravenous heme therapy, which repletes a critical regulatory heme pool in hepatocytes and leads to downregulation of hepatic ALA synthase, which is a biochemical hallmark of all forms of acute porphyria in relapse.
The effects of abomasal infusions of casein or soya-bean-protein isolate on the milk production of dairy cows in mid-lactation (1993)

The effects of abomasal infusion of casein or soya-bean-protein isolate (SPI) on milk production were investigated in four Friesian cows in mid-lactation receiving a basal diet of grass silage and barley which supplied energy and protein considerably in excess of requirements for milk production by conventional rationing standards. Three levels of infusion were used for each protein source, the corresponding doses being isonitrogenous for each of the proteins: 100, 220 and 330 g/d for casein and 115, 230 and 345 g/d for SPI. Casein produced much greater effects on the yield of milk and milk constituents than did SPI. On the highest dose of casein, milk yield was increased by 3.5 kg/d, fat output by 15% and protein output by 36%; corresponding values for the highest dose of SPI were 1.6 kg/d, 12% and 13% respectively. Increases in the yield of milk-protein were linear for casein but for SPI there was no increase beyond the first level of infusion. It was calculated that casein infusion had a marked effect on the utilization of energy: the increases in milk production could be explained either by a channelling of an extra 12 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/d away from body tissue synthesis and into milk synthesis or by an increase in the efficiency of utilization of ME for lactation from 0.50 on the basal diet to 0.58; the measurements made did not allow the two mechanisms to be clearly differentiated.
In vivo determination of absorption and scattering properties in rat cerebral cortex using single reflectance fiber probe with two sourcecollector geometries (2011)

We present a new method determining the absorption coefficients and the reduced scattering coefficients of in vivo rat cerebral cortex using single reflectance fiber probe with two source-collector geometries. Experiments with optical phantoms were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed fiber probe system. In order to confirm the possibility of the method to evaluate changes in the optical properties of cerebral cortex, we performed in vivo experiments for exposed rat brain during CSD evoked by the pinprick stimulation.
Structures and magnetic properties of oriented Fe/Au and Fe/Pt nanoparticles on a-Al2O3 (1999)

Granular thin films of oriented a-Fe nanoparticles on a-Al2O3 were fabricated by electron beam evaporation technique. The process took advantage of the overgrowth of α-Fe on Au or Pt ‘seed’ particles epitaxially grown on (100) NaCl substrates, which were later removed in distilled water. The crystallographic orientation between α-Fe and Au (Pt) nanocrystals was <100>Au(Pt)//<100>Fe with {010}Au(Pt)//{010}Fe The magnetic coercivity of the oriented α-Fe particles was controllable by particle size and inter-particle distance. Annealing of the a-Al2O3/Fe/Pt films at temperatures higher than 500°C led to a formation of the ordered Ll0-FePt phase. Any one of the three <100> axes of the fcc parent phase acted as the tetragonal c-axis of the Ll0 superstructure. Magnetic coercivities of a-Al2O3/Fe/Pt films were found to be largely increased by heat treatment. The coercivity of the annealed a-Al2O3/Fe/Pt films reached as high as 3.5 kOe with a squareness of 0.74. It has been shown that magnetic property can be improved by controlling orientation and structure of the magnetic particles.
Orientational Fluctuations in a Two-Dimensional Smectic-CLiquid Crystal with Variable Density (1997)

We studied orientational fluctuations in a smectic-C Langmuir monolayer. Our measurements of orientational correlations are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. In addition, we present the first measurements of orientational elasticity and viscosity in a two-dimensional system whose density can be varied. The orientational viscosity strongly depends on temperature and density, changing by more than an order of magnitude with a 2.5% increase in temperature or a 20% change in density. The orientational elasticity is only weakly dependent on temperature and density.
System modeling and control design for fast voltage regulation using STATCOMs (2004)

Fast voltage regulation using static compensators requires a dynamic system model that is valid on an instantaneous basis. This paper presents a general modeling strategy that allows design of fast voltage regulation controller while accounting for system parameters. The co-ordinate transform used to model the system facilitates extraction of linearized system dynamics with the help of circuit simulators. It is shown that the problem of voltage regulation using instantaneous reactive current is non-minimum phase for certain operating conditions, thereby limiting achievable dynamic response irrespective of the control design method. Simulation results with a controller designed using input output bode plots are presented to illustrate efficacy of the proposed method.
Survey on Korean Food Preference of College Students in Seoul - Focused on Side Dishes - (2006)

본 연구는 대학생을 대상으로 한국 음식 중 부식에 대한 선호도를 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자의 평균연령은 남학생 21.8세, 여학생 20.2세였고, BMI는 남학생 $22.6kg/m^2$ 여학생 $19.8kg/m^2$ 으로 남녀 모두 정상범위에 속하였다. 2. 조사대상자의 가족구성 형태, 가족 수 ...
Early Detection of Macular Dysfunction in the Topography of the Electroretinogram (1995)

In its earliest stages, macular disease is often difficult to confirm by objective means. A patient may report vision problems while little or no macular abnormality is evident upon examination. In a case where tests are inconclusive, the patient may become increasingly concerned with his or her vision and also frustrated by the lack of a certain diagnosis. For these reasons, and for a more complete characterization of the retinal abnormality, a sensitive and objective means is needed to detect retinal dysfunction in the early stages of macular disease.