gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local staging of prostate cancer with endorectal MR imaging: correlation with histopathology. (1996)

Results from this study indicate that the accuracy of the technique was not satisfactory for predicting actual tumor volume. Tumor detection and localization was more accurate in the peripheral zone than in the central zone. Accuracy was poor for detecting capsular penetration of less than 1 mm, but accuracy was much better for penetration of more than 1 mm. Because recent reports suggest that capsular penetration of less than 1 mm does not adversely affect surgical cure, MR imaging still may be practical in the selection of patients for radical prostatectomy.
Performance of High-Permittivity Ceramic-Polymer Composite as a Substrate for UHF RFID Tag Antennas (2012)

A high-permittivity ceramic-polymer composite substrate is fabricated and proposed for its potential use in UHF RFID tags. The substrate is developed using high-permittivity Barium Titanate (BaTiO 3 ) ceramic powder mixed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer. The resulting composite achieves a soft, hydrophobic, heat resistant, low loss, and flexible material with high dielectric constant. The percentage of the ceramic powder in the composite helps in achieving variable permittivity values. When this material is used as a substrate for a tag antenna, it will help the tag to be reduced in size, to conform to uneven or rough surface, and to be less vulnerable to breakage or other environmental damages. A small passive UHF RFID tag antenna is designed, fabricated, and attached to this type of composite substrate, to demonstrate the performance of this composite material.
Rationale and design of the Edwards SAPIEN-3 periprosthetic leakage evaluation versus Medtronic CoreValve in transfemoral aortic valve implantation (ELECT) trial (2016)

The ELECT trial is the first randomised controlled trial to quantitatively compare the extent of post-TAVI PPR between the SAPIEN-3 and CoreValve. Furthermore, it will evaluate potential differences between the two prostheses with regard to mid-term clinical outcome and quality of life.
Gene Homologies Identified between Trypanosoma cruzi Antigen 36 and Mammalian TRIM21 Genes Using Bioinformatics Analysis (2021)

Abstract Background: We previously reported that a Human Ro52 gene sequence (TRIM21) produced a significant stretch of protein sequence homologous to T . cruzi Antigen 36 (Ag 36) protein sequence, when Ag 36 was translated in the second reading frame. Comparison of their respective DNA sequences demonstrated a 114 nucleotide region of both genes having ~70 percent partial homology. After Ro52 was shown to be an E3 Ubiquitin dependent Type I ligase for transcription factors for Interferon genes, we proposed that the Ag 36 gene, which contains a repetitive motif within it, may function to repress Ro52 in the human heart through RNA interference, or other unknown mechanism, giving rise to autoimmunity found in Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCC). Results: To test that hypothesis, we compared various mammalian TRIM genes to the T . cruzi Ag 36 DNA sequence using the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm in the http:\\usegalaxy.eu bioinformatics tool base. In addition to human and chimpanzee, TRIM21 comparable gene regions from canine, shrew, ferret, bat, feline, and armadillo, and aardvark showed homology to the gene for Ag 36 ranging from 68 to 30 percent. However, mouse and eight other mammalian species showed no significant homology. Since mice have been shown to have severe cardiac cardiomyopathy after infection, but their TRIM21 was not homologous to Ag 36 in this study, we conclude that the gene homology has no causative link to CCC. Conclusions: In addition to human TRIM21, eight mammalian species showed partial gene homology to T. cruzi Ag 36, and some of these have been demonstrated to have CCC. However, rats and mice TRIM21 showed no partial homology to Ag 36. Since these species have been demonstrated to have CCC, the partial gene homology between Ag36 and TRIM 21 may not be causative or associated with CCC, as was originally hypothesized.
Amino and PEG-Amino Graphene Oxide Grids Enrich and Protect Samples for High-resolution Single Particle Cryo-electron Microscopy (2019)

Abstract Cryo-EM samples prepared using the traditional methods often suffer from too few particles, poor particle distribution, or strongly biased orientation, or damage from the air-water interface. Here we report that functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) coated grids with amino groups concentrates samples on the grid with improved distribution and orientation. By introducing a PEG spacer, particles are kept away from both the GO surface and the air-water interface, protecting them from potential denaturation.
A Unified Evaluation Framework for Autonomous Driving Vehicles (2020)

Automated Driving System (ADS) safety assessment is a crucial step before deployment on public roads. Despite the importance of ADS safety assurance to test ADS reliability, most of the existing work is strongly attached to a single testing data source (i.e. on-road collected testing data, simulation or test track). Each source has different fidelity levels and capabilities, therefore there is a lack of a solution that allows for all data sources to complement each other to enable agnostic end to end evaluation and contributes towards different testing goals. Evaluation of ADSs is considered as a mandatory step in the autonomous vehicle development life cycle, demanding a reliable and comprehensive method is important. Here, we propose a source-agnostic framework, which can perform ADS evaluation compatible with different testing sources. Our findings show that this comprehensive solution can save time, effort and money consumed in ADS evaluation.
Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in the western Wadden Sea: monitoring, habitat suitability model, transplantations and communication (2005)

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Bilateral control considering singularity based on observation of torque error (2010)

Recently, there are many researches of a system which has implemented a bilateral control system which can touch an environment in distant place. However, a singular configuration due to the inverse Jacobian matrix becomes the problem in a bilateral control with different configurations. In this paper, the problem of a singular configuration regarding the inverse Jacobian matrix is avoided by singularity-consistent method. In addition, an error observation method of a torque regarding the singularity-consistent method is proposed. And, the bilateral control system consists of a parallel link manipulator and a serial link manipulator. When the direct kinematics of the parallel link manipulator is derived, mode decoupling method is introduced. Finally, proposed method and sc method are applied to the bilateral control system with different configurations, its system is realized and the error of the torque due to singularity-consistent method is observed. The experimental results of the bilateral control with different configurations are shown.
Doped Conducting Polymer Gel and Its Characteristics as Functions of Solvent, Temperature and Electrochemical Doping Potential (1989)

Lightly doped poly(3-alkylthiophene) exhibits the characteristics of a polymer gel. The volume of the sample in chloroform shrinks drastically upon introduction of ethanol and also with decreasing temperature. The shrinkage ratio depends strongly on doping potential and therefore on the dopant concentration. The results are interpreted in terms of dopant-induced cross-linking formation between polymer main chains. The spectrum of the doped get also changes in association with the volume instability.
Grüne und rasche hydrothermale Kristallisation und Synthese vollständig konjugierter aromatischer Verbindungen (2018)

Abstract Hochkondensierte, vollständig konjugierte aromatische Verbindungen sind interessante Kandidaten zur Anwendung in organischer Elektronik. Mit steigender Kristallinität verbessern sich ihre elektronischen Eigenschaften. Hier wird gezeigt, dass die Kristallisation von drei Archetypen solcher Moleküle – Pentacentetron, Indigo und Perinon – hydrothermal erreicht werden kann. Dieser Befund ist angesichts der Strukturen dieser Verbindungen höchst erstaunlich. Darüber hinaus wird gezeigt, dass Perinon ausgehend von Naphthalinbisanhydrid und o‐Phenylendiamin in ausschließlich hochtemperiertem Wasser und ohne Zusatz von Cosolventien oder Katalysatoren hergestellt werden kann. Weiterhin kann die Transformation durch den Einsatz von Mikrowellen‐Strahlung drastisch beschleunigt werden. Dies ist der erste Bericht über die hydrothermale Herstellung von zwei kondensierten Heterocyclen.
Superconductors (2014)

Abstract The BCS theory of superconductivity is presented in this chapter and the chapter shows how to write down the BCS coherent state, derives the quasiparticles and explore the effect of broken symmetry. This allows the chapter to explore the Higgs mechanism in a superconductor.
Chemical beam epitaxy (1992)

Abstract Chemical beam epitaxy (CBE), a new development in epitaxial technology, is being used more and more in research on compound semiconductors for device-oriented growth. CBE is a process in which metal alkyls (e.g., triethylgallium), as group 111 sources, and hydrides (e.g., mine). as group V sources, are used to form the corresponding intermetallic crystalline compound in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber. This article reviews the development of CBE technique for the growth of compound semiconductors, including problems which were solved to reach the current state of the art. The fundamental aspects of CBE growth are discussed, emphasizing fundamental advantages and disadvantages of CBE relative to other growth techniques such as MBE and MOVPE. Other aspects of CBE relating to purity, uniformity, surface morphology, and flexibility are also discussed. The current status of CBE materials and devices are summarized. Finally, some problemsthat remain to be solved are discussed and a few comments are made with respect to anticipated future developments.
Motion of Ferrite Particles under a High Gradient Magnetic Field in a Magnetic Fluid Shaft Seal (1980)

In order to investigate the time dependence of sealing ability of a magnetic fluid shaft seal, we measured the burst pressure ΔP, at which the seal was broken, as a function of the elapsed time t under the applied magnetic field. The burst pressure ΔP increases in proportion to √t in the region t<104 s. This result is ascribed to the temporary increase in number density of particles around the top of the pole-tip in proportion to √t. This can be theoretically explained by the solution of a diffusion equation of ferrite particles in a magnetic field. Besides, at t=0, the experimental burst pressure agrees with the calculated value from the conventional theory in which the magnetic fluid is approximated as a continuum.
A Novel Fault Diagnosis Method Based on the KELM Optimized by Whale Optimization Algorithm (2022)

To solve the problem that fault features are difficult to extract and the time-frequency features cannot fully represent the state information, a novel method is proposed in this paper based on the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and the kernel extreme learning machine (KELM). First, the vibration signals are processed by the ensemble empirical mode decomposition and sample entropy to obtain the feature vectors. Based on this, a KELM model for fault diagnosis is established. Then, the penalty factor and the kernel parameters in the KELM are optimized by WOA to improve the stability and classification accuracy. Taking faults of a ball-screw pair on a linear feed table as a case, the experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively extract the fault features of the ball-screw pair, and it can achieve higher classification accuracy, faster convergence speed, and greater convergence precision than the existing fault diagnosis methods.
Dexamethasone suppression test predicts later development of an impaired adrenal function after a 14-day course of prednisone in healthy volunteers (2010)

Circulating cortisol levels after a dexamethasone suppression test and a pre-intervention-stimulated cortisol level are predictive of later development of a suppressed adrenal function after a 14-day course of prednisone, and are superior to a clinical score or basal cortisol levels. This may allow a more targeted concept for the need of stress prophylaxis after cessation of steroid therapy.
224 Study on Small-diameter Drilling of the GFRP Printed Wiring Board : Effect of the Drill Wear on the Drilled Hole Quality (2000)

It has been required that the packaging density of PWB be improved because high packaging density technology has allowed downsizing. Therefore, high-quality micro-machinings (small diameter drilling) are necessary for PWB. Especially, it is necessary that a great number of through-holes have to be drilled with high reliability to make a circuit. So it is required to improve the quality of the drilled hole. However, it can not be avoided that the quality of the drilled hole is varied due to the tool wear in a great number of drilling. In this paper, to pursue relationship between tool wear and the drilled hole quality, wear mode and drilled hole quality from the initial stage were evaluated.
Evidence for selection of a population of multi-reactive B cells into the splenic marginal zone (1997)

Antibody reactivity to self-antigens is a normal component of the immune system. To study the mechanism by which self-reactive B cells are generated and maintained, we analyzed B cell development in transgenic mice that express a rearranged VH81X heavy chain from the pre-immune repertoire. In these mice, > 95% of B cells express the transgene in association with a variety of kappa light chains but V kappa 1 C being the dominant light chain. These transgenic B cells with identical V kappa 1C-J kappa 5 joins do not normally secrete IgM in vivo, but antibodies derived from these B cells, through LPS activation in vitro or after hybridoma immortalization, are self-reactive and recognize an ubiquitous epitope(s) on intracytoplasmic proteins from different tissues. They have the phenotype and localization pattern of long-lived marginal zone B cells and their development in vivo is blocked by injection of soluble VH81X-V kappa 1CJ kappa 5 IgM antibody. The observations in this transgenic mouse provide evidence for positive selection of a population of self-reactive B cells. These B cells enter the peripheral pool of B cells where they localize in the marginal zone of the spleen and, in contrast to other transgene-expressing B cells, do not secrete IgM antibody.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization Studies with N‐Mannich Bases of 2‐Substituted Indoles. (1989)

Abstract The indole (IIIa) is synthesized starting from the acetoxyindole (I); the indoles (IIIb) and (IIIc) are obtained starting from (IV) as exemplified in the scheme for (IIIb).
Monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor in sepsis (1993)

Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center Chicago, IL Address requests for reprints to: Roger C. Bone, MD, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, 1753 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612.
Mutation eliminating mitochondrial leader sequence of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase causes muto methylmalonic acidemia. (1990)

Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (EC 5.4.99.2) is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme whose activity is deficient in the inherited disorder methylmalonic acidemia. Previous studies on primary fibroblast cell lines from patients with methylmalonic acidemia have delineated a variety of biochemical phenotypes underlying this disorder. One cell line with primary mutase apoenzyme deficiency exhibited a particularly unusual phenotype; it expressed an abnormally small and unstable immunoreactive protein, which was not imported by mitochondria. We now report cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding this mutant protein. The mutation is a single base change, a cytosine----thymine transition, which introduces an amber termination codon at position 17 within the mitochondrial leader sequence. The immunoreactive protein produced by these cells reflects translation from AUG codons downstream from this termination codon and, hence, lacks a mitochondrial leader peptide. This mutation represents a complex prototype for a class of mutations in which absence of the mitochondrial targeting sequence leads to absence of a functioning gene product.
Signal decomposition method of evaluating head movement to measure induced forelimb lameness in horses trotting on a treadmill (2001)

In horses at a trot, the head moves up and down twice in one stride. In horses with unilateral forelimb lameness this movement is asymmetric. Computer-assisted kinematic analysis of vertical head movement can be used to quantify objectively lameness in horses in clinical trials. However, in mild lameness, absolute measurements of vertical head height may not be sensitive enough to detect small differences in lameness, and extraneous head movement by the horse due to curiosity, excitement or nervousness interferes with the accurate measurement of vertical head movement asymmetry. We describe a simple, signal-decompensation method of evaluating vertical head movement using a model of induced mild foot lameness in 9 horses. The technique assumes that the vertical head movement pattern can be broken down into 3 components; the vertical head movement caused by forelimb lameness (A1), the amplitude of the natural biphasic vertical head movement (A2) and extraneous head movement. Extraneous head movement is mathematically removed from the vertical head movement pattern. A1 and A2 are then calculated. After induction of lameness, mean A1 increased by 1.63 cm (range 0.10-3.33 cm, P = 0:005). Mean A2 did not significantly change after lameness induction. Error in reproduction of the original head movement pattern was 0.3-0.5%. We calculated that a hypothetical clinical trial would require 12 subjects for testing to be 80% certain that this difference would be successfully detected using this method of lameness evaluation.
Electric-pulse-induced capacitance change effect in perovskite oxide thin films (2006)

A reversible nonvolatile capacitance change effect has been observed in perovskite oxide thin films at room temperature under the application of electrical pulses of low voltage and short duration. The pulse-induced nonvolatile capacitance change is seen to coexist with a pulse-induced nonvolatile resistance change reported earlier. It is shown that the capacitance values of Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 samples can be set to either two specific states or to multiple discrete capacitance levels. The observed effect has potential applications including variable capacitors and nonvolatile two-state or multiple-level memories.
Treating Steroid Refractory Intestinal Acute Graft-vs.-Host Disease With Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Pilot Study (2018)

Patients with steroid refractory gastrointestinal (GI) tract graft- vs.-host disease (GvHD) face a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. To accurately assess the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in treating steroid refractory GI tract GvHD, we conducted a pilot study involving eight patients. Having received FMTs, all patients' clinical symptoms relieved, bacteria enriched, and microbiota composition reconstructed. Compared to those who did not receive FMT, these eight patients achieved a higher progression-free survival. FMT can serve as a therapeutic option for GI tract aGVHD, but its effectiveness and safety need further evaluations. <b>Clinical Trial Registration:</b> NCT03148743.
Coordinating Biointeraction and Bioreaction of a Nanocarrier Material and an Anticancer Drug to Overcome Membrane Rigidity and Target Mitochondria in Multidrug‐Resistant Cancer Cells (2017)

Abstract Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a main cause of chemotherapy failure in cancer treatment. It is associated with complex cellular and molecular mechanisms including overexpression of drug efflux transporters, increased membrane rigidity, and impaired apoptosis. Numerous efforts have been made to overcome efflux transporter‐mediated MDR using nanotechnology‐based approaches. However, these approaches fail to surmount plasma membrane rigidity that attenuates drug penetration and nanoparticle endocytosis. Here, a “one‐two punch” nanoparticle approach is proposed to coordinate intracellular biointeraction and bioreaction of a nanocarrier material docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and an anticancer prodrug mitomycin C (MMC) to enhance mitochondrion‐targeted toxicity. Incorporation of DHA in solid polymer‐lipid nanoparticles first reduces the membrane rigidity in live cancer cells thereby increasing nanoparticle cellular uptake and MMC accumulation. Subsequent intracellular MMC bioreduction produces free radicals that in turn react with adjacent DHA inducing significantly elevated mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, leading to irreversible damage to mitochondria. Preferential tumor accumulation of the nanoparticles and the synergistic anticancer cytotoxicity remarkably inhibit tumor growth and prolonged host survival without any systemic toxicity in an orthotopic MDR breast tumor model. This work suggests that combinatorial use of biophysical and biochemical properties of nanocarrier materials with bioreactive prodrugs is a powerful approach to overcoming multifactorial MDR in cancer.
A New Integrated Variable Based on Thermometry, Actimetry and Body Position (TAP) to Evaluate Circadian System Status in Humans (2010)

The disruption of the circadian system in humans has been associated with the development of chronic illnesses and the worsening of pre-existing pathologies. Therefore, the assessment of human circadian system function under free living conditions using non-invasive techniques needs further research. Traditionally, overt rhythms such as activity and body temperature have been analyzed separately; however, a comprehensive index could reduce individual recording artifacts. Thus, a new variable (TAP), based on the integrated analysis of three simultaneous recordings: skin wrist temperature (T), motor activity (A) and body position (P) has been developed. Furthermore, we also tested the reliability of a single numerical index, the Circadian Function Index (CFI), to determine the circadian robustness. An actimeter and a temperature sensor were placed on the arm and wrist of the non-dominant hand, respectively, of 49 healthy young volunteers for a period of one week. T, A and P values were normalized for each subject. A non-parametric analysis was applied to both TAP and the separate variables to calculate their interdaily stability, intradaily variability and relative amplitude, and these values were then used for the CFI calculation. Modeling analyses were performed in order to determine TAP and CFI reliability. Each variable (T, A, P or TAP) was independently correlated with rest-activity logs kept by the volunteers. The highest correlation (r= -0.993, p<0.0001), along with highest specificity (0.870), sensitivity (0.740) and accuracy (0.904), were obtained when rest-activity records were compared to TAP. Furthermore, the CFI proved to be very sensitive to changes in circadian robustness. Our results demonstrate that the integrated TAP variable and the CFI calculation are powerful methods to assess circadian system status, improving sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in differentiating activity from rest over the analysis of wrist temperature, body position or activity alone.