gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large yet Flexible N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands for Palladium Catalysis (2013)

A straightforward and scalable eight-step synthesis of new N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) has been developed from inexpensive and readily available 2-nitro-m-xylene. This process allows for the preparation of a novel class of NHCs coined ITent ("Tent" for "tentacular") of which the well-known IMes (N,N'-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene), IPr (N,N'-bis(2,6-di(2-propyl)phenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) and IPent (N,N'-bis(2,6-di(3-pentyl)phenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) NHCs are the simplest and already known congeners. The synthetic route was successfully used for the preparation of three members of the ITent family: IPent (N,N'-bis(2,6-di(3-pentyl)phenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene), IHept (N,N'-bis(2,6-di(4-heptyl)phenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) and INon (N,N'-bis(2,6-di(5-nonyl)phenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene). The electronic and steric properties of each NHC were studied through the preparation of both nickel and palladium complexes. Finally the effect of these new ITent ligands in Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig cross-couplings was investigated.
Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Cyclic Steam Injection Process in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (2019)

Abstract Introducing heat into a heavy oil reservoir is a well-known enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique. Cyclic steam injection (CSI), also called as huff and puff, is one of the most common methods used to heat the reservoir to reduce fluid viscosity. Natural fractures provide effective connections throughout the reservoir, which make naturally fractured reservoirs great candidates for steam injection. Numerical simulators are capable of designing CSI operations in dual-porosity systems. However, the use of commercial simulator can be time-consuming when a large number of cases are examined for optimizations. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) work well to solve and classify the non-linear relationships between input and output parameters. In this paper, one forward and two inverse ANN models are proposed to discuss the performance of CSI in naturally fractured heavy oil reservoirs and to discuss smart proxy models’ mimicking ability of the commonly used numerical models. In this study, we focus on a single injection and soaking cycle for a single well. The first stage of the production starts with initial recovery, and it continues until the oil flow rate drops down to a predetermined threshold value, then, the second stage (the injection phase) takes place. Injection phase is followed by the soaking phase. Delivery of steam creates a heat chamber around the wellbore (stimulated zone) where the reservoir temperature dramatically increases. The non-uniform temperature distribution of the reservoir ends up encountering different viscosity values of the oil. The forward ANN model successfully forecasts both cumulative oil production profiles and viscosity changes around the wellbore. Reservoir properties, rock and fluid interaction parameters, fluid properties, and injection design parameters (such as steam quality, injection rate, injection time, etc.) were used as input features. A variety of ANN architectures were tested for the minimum testing errors. The first inverse-looking ANN model, Inverse Model 1, was designed for determining the ideal injection design parameters for a desired cumulative production profile. Once injection design parameters were selected, the forward ANN model was run for those injection design parameters for verification purposes. Second inverse-looking ANN model, Inverse Model 2, characterizes significant reservoir parameters including; matrix porosity, matrix permeability, fracture permeability, and fracture spacing. It can be laboriously challenging and computationally costly to obtain these parameters for some fields. This ANN model is trained with injection design parameters and resulting performance indicators. All the ANN-based models are controlled by a user-friendly graphical interface for the ease of the user.
Electron microscopic heteroduplex study and restriction endonuclease cleavage analysis of the DNA genomes of three lactic streptococcal bacteriophages (1986)

Three lactic streptococcal bacteriophages were compared with one another by electron microscopic analysis of heteroduplex DNA molecules. The phages were almost identical in morphology and had been isolated over a period of 10 years on different strains of Streptococcus cremoris from cheese plants situated in different parts of New Zealand. There was a high degree of homology between the DNAs, in agreement with Southern blot hybridization data reported earlier. There were, however, distinct regions of nonhomology, mostly between 0.45 and 1.71 kilobases in length, suggestive of the occurrence of block recombination events. A deletion of 2.23 kilobases in the two more recently isolated phages, or an insertion in the first isolate, was found. All three phage DNAs showed differences in restriction endonuclease cleavage sites. Alignment of the restriction endonuclease maps with the heteroduplex maps showed that differences in cleavage sites occurred most frequently in regions of nonhomology. However, differences in cleavage sites in regions of apparent homology were also detected, indicating that point mutations may have occurred in addition to block recombination events.
Nucleolin Targeting Impairs the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer and Promotes the Normalization of Tumor Vasculature (2016)

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive tumor, mostly resistant to the standard treatments. Nucleolin is overexpressed in cancers and its inhibition impairs tumor growth. Herein, we showed that nucleolin was overexpressed in human specimens of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and that the overall survival significantly increased in patients with low levels of nucleolin. The nucleolin antagonist N6L strongly impaired the growth of primary tumors and liver metastasis in an orthotopic mouse model of PDAC (mPDAC). Similar antitumor effect of N6L has been observed in a highly angiogenic mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor RIP-Tag2. N6L significantly inhibited both human and mouse pancreatic cell proliferation and invasion. Notably, the analysis of tumor vasculature revealed a strong increase of pericyte coverage and vessel perfusion both in mPDAC and RIP-Tag2 tumors, in parallel to an inhibition of tumor hypoxia. Nucleolin inhibition directly affected endothelial cell (EC) activation and changed a proangiogenic signature. Among the vascular activators, nucleolin inhibition significantly decreased angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) secretion and expression in ECs, in the tumor and in the plasma of mPDAC mice. As a consequence of the observed N6L-induced tumor vessel normalization, pre-treatment with N6L efficiently improved chemotherapeutic drug delivery and increased the antitumor properties of gemcitabine in PDAC mice. In conclusion, nucleolin inhibition is a new anti-pancreatic cancer therapeutic strategy that dually blocks tumor progression and normalizes tumor vasculature, improving the delivery and efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, we unveiled Ang-2 as a potential target and suitable response biomarker for N6L treatment in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res; 76(24); 7181-93. ©2016 AACR.
A Comparison of the Performance Improvement by Collocated and Noncollocated Active Damping in Motion Systems (2012)

In this paper, both collocated and noncollocated active vibration control (AVC) of the vibrations in a motion system are considered. Pole-zero plots of both the AVC loop and the motion-control (MC) loop are used to analyze the effect of the applied active damping on the system dynamics. Using these plots and the simulated end-effector position of the actively damped plant, a comparison is made between the collocated AVC, using integral force feedback (IFF), and noncollocated AVC, by means of acceleration feedback. It is demonstrated that collocated AVC improves the performance of the plant by adding damping to both the resonance and antiresonance mode of the plant and making it possible to increase the MC bandwidth. The applied noncollocated AVC improves the performance by adding damping to the resonance mode. However, as opposed to the collocated AVC, for the applied noncollocated AVC, there is a tradeoff between various performance criteria, such as rise time and settling time, that is determined by the balance between the added damping and the increase of the bandwidth. This is true for all the AVC methods that do not increase the damping of the antiresonance mode.
Introduction to Human Factors (2017)

This is a comprehensive, but accessible text that introduces students to the fields of human factors and ergonomics. The book is intended for undergraduate students, written from the psychological science perspective along with various pedagogical components that will enhance student comprehension and learning. This book is ideal for those introductory courses that wish to introduce students to the multifaceted areas of human factors and ergonomics along with practical knowledge the students can apply in their own lives.
Kinetic, Isotherm And Equilibrium Study Of Adsorption Of Hydrogen Sulfide From Wastewater Using Modified Eggshells (2017)

The studies of adsorption equilibrium isotherm and kinetics of hydrogen sulfide-water systems on calcite-based adsorbents prepared from eggshell are undertaken. The effects of operating variables such as contact time and initial concentration on the adsorption capacity of hydrogen sulfide are investigated. The modified eggshells are characterized by using different analytical approaches such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The batch mode adsorption process is performed at optimum removal conditions: dosage of 1 g/L, pH level of pH 6, agitation speed of 150 rpm and contact time of 14h for adsorbing hydrogen sulfide with an initial concentration of 100-500 mg/L. In the current study, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin models are used to predict the adsorption isotherms. Our equilibrium data for hydrogen sulfide adsorption agrees well with those of the Langmuir equation. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity is 150.07 mg/g. Moreover, the kinetics of H2S adsorption by using the modified calcite of eggshell follows a pseudo-second-order model. From the current work, we have found that the calcite eggshell is a suitable adsorbent for H2S embeded inside the waste water. Most importantly, chicken eggshell is a waste and vastly available; hence, it could serve as a practical mean for H2S adsorption.
How chip size impacts steam pretreatment effectiveness for biological conversion of poplar wood into fermentable sugars (2015)

These results indicate that rapid decompression pretreatments (e.g., steam explosion) that specifically alter accessibility at lower temperature conditions are well suited for larger wood chips due to the non-uniformity in temperature and digestibility profiles that can result from high temperature and short pretreatment times. Furthermore, this study also demonstrated that wood chips were hydrated primarily through the natural pore structure during pretreatment, suggesting that preserving the natural grain and transport systems in wood during storage and chipping processes could likely promote pretreatment efficacy and uniformity.
CORRELATION PHOTOACOUSTICS (1980)

Abstract Cross correlation between the pseudo-random excitation signal and the resultant photoacoustic signal were recorded as a function of delay time τ. The correlation spectra showed peaks of transient phenomenon of heat generation for carbon black sample. This technique was found possible to observe the photoacoustic spectra at optionaly delayed time for spinach leaf sample.
Particle Hold-up in Two Fluidized Reactor System with Two Loopseals. (2001)

Pressures in a circulation loop under various conditions were measured in a cold mode (a riser of 35 mm I.D.×5450 mm high and a fluidized reactor of 160 mm I.D.×1250 mm high) with particles of mean diameter of 78 μm, and bulk, and particle densities of 1.03, and 1.90 g/cm3, respectively. Solid circulation rates were measured with a load cell hopper. The particle hold-ups at various sections were analyzed from differential pressure data. The voidage in the riser reactor increases with the increase in gas velocity, even though the solid circulation rate increases with gas velocity. The solid circulation rate increases to a maximum with gas velocity at the riser, and levels off because the non-mechanical valve adopts the role of solid rate determing step in the circulation loop of the system. Particle hold-up in the riser reaction zone increases by using an underflow standpipe loopseal below the fluidized reactor instead of an overflow standpipe loopseal.
Capacitance of cadmium telluride Schottky diodes (1978)

The ac small signal capacitance of Schottky structures obtained on undoped (106 Ωcm) and chlorine compensated (108Ωcm) p-type CdTe as well as on low resistivity (300 to 1000 Ωcm) n-type material is analyzed. For the lower resistivity p- and n-type samples, deviations from the expected behaviour are observed, which are explained in terms of a model taking into account the existence of a predominating deep level. Its energy level, capture cross-section and trap density are experimentally determined and compared to values given by other methods. For the chlorine compensated CdTe a long time polarization is demonstrated. On détermine la capacité de diodes Schottky réalisées sur des cristaux de tellurure de cadmium de type p respectivement non dopés (106 Ωcm) et compensés par le chlore (108 Ωcm), ainsi que sur des matériaux de type n de plus faible résistivité (300 à 1000 Ωcm). Pour les diodes réalisées, tant sur les cristaux de type n que p de plus faible résistivité, on observe des déviations importantes par rapport aux prévisions. Ces écart peuvent ětre expliqués à l'aide d'un modèle tenant compte de l'existence d'un niveau profond prédominant. Nous avons pu déterminer sa position énergétique, sa section efficace de capture et sa concentration. Les valeurs obtenues ont été comparées à celles données par d'autres techniques. Les cristaux compensés présentent une capacité indépendante de la tension. Une polarisation avec une constante de temps longue a pu ětre mise en évidence.
The effect of thiol content on the gelation and mucoadhesion of thiolated poly(aspartic acid) (2017)

Abstract A synthetic poly(amino acid), poly(aspartic acid) modified with thioethyl side groups, was studied as an in situ gelling and mucoadhesive dosage form. The chemical structure and the controllable, large thiol content of the polymer were confirmed using 1 H NMR spectroscopy and Ellman's assay. In situ gelation of aqueous polymer solutions was induced by oxidation and monitored using oscillation rheometry. The strength of mucoadhesion towards excised mucosa was characterised by tensile tests in ex vivo experiments. Release kinetics of ophthalmic antibiotic ofloxacin was studied from an in situ crosslinked hydrogel and a liquid formulation to prove the sustained release of the former. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Quadrature Frequency-Group Radar and its center estimation algorithms for small Vibrational Displacement (2019)

The quadrature continuous-wave (QCW) radar has been extensively studied for small vibrational displacement detection such as non-contact sensing of human vital signals. One of the challenges of the QCW radar is the IQ-imbalance and DC-offset estimation by using curve fitting algorithms. Many algorithms have been proposed and have shown that the fitting error increases when the displacement length is small, in which case sufficient data is not provided to the algorithms. This paper presents a quadrature frequency-group (QFG) radar which utilizes a group of frequencies to enhance the fitting performance even with the small displacement. The grouped-frequencies in the QFG radar gives more data than the single-tone of the QCW radar under the same displacement condition. This paper presents the framework and properties of the QFG radar. Some fitting algorithms for the QFG radar are presented and the most adequate algorithm is suggested by simulation and experiments. Simulation and experimental results shows that the QFG radar outperforms the QCW radar. Specifically, it is shown that the fitting accuracy of the QFG radar is up to 100 times better than the QCW radar in the experiment.
Heat stress enhances fiber size increment in regenerating soleus fibers of rats via satellite cell activation (2010)

To investigate the effects of heat stress on skeletal muscle fiber‐regeneration, the soleus muscles of adult male Wistar rats were injected bilaterally with a single dose of bupivacaine. The rats were assigned to a normal control (Con), heat stress (Heat), bupivacaine‐injected (BPVC), or bupivacaine‐injected plus heat stress (BPVC+Heat) group. Heat stress was induced by immersion of the rats into hot water (42 ± 1°C) for 30 min 48 h after the injection of bupivacaine and every other day during the following 1 or 2 weeks. The fiber cross‐sectional area, myonuclear number, and the protein levels of heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) and calcineurin (CaN) were lower in the BPVC than in the Con or Heat groups at both time points. In contrast, several of these parameters in the BPVC+Heat group were not different or higher than in the Con or Heat groups after 1‐ and/or 2‐week recovery. The number of total and activated satellite cells, estimated by analyses of Pax7‐, M‐cadherin‐, and MyoD‐positive‐nuclei, was greater in BPVC+Heat than all other groups. These results indicate that heat stress‐related activation of satellite cells and up‐regulation of Hsp72 and CaN played an important role in the regeneration of the soleus fibers after bupivacaine injection. This study was supported, in part, by Grant‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research C (18500511, Yasu Oishi) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
A High-level Interconnect Power Model for Design Space Exploration (2003)

In this paper, we present a high-level power model to estimate the power consumption in semi-global and global interconnects. Such interconnects are used for communications between logic modules, clock distribution networks, and power supply rails. The main purpose of our model is to set forward a simple methodology to efficiently obtain first-order estimates of interconnect power in early stages of the design process. Hence, the objective is to provide designers and/or high-level design automation tools with a way to quickly explore the design space and weed out architectures whose interconnect power requirements do not meet the allocated power budget. In addition to switching power, which includes inter-wire coupling, our model also considers power due to vias and repeaters. Our experimental results show that in comparison to an accurate low-level model, the error in our method in estimating total switching power is only 6% (while the speedup is three-to-four orders of magnitude), and an estimate of the numbers of vias (hence, via power) is within 3% agreement of that obtained for designs synthesized by commercial tools. Furthermore, we develop a probabilistic segment length distribution model for cases in which Rent's rule is inadequate. By analyzing the netlists of a set of complex designs, we have been able to validate our segment length distribution model. The novelty of this work lies in the introduction of a high-level interconnect modeling methodology in which it is possible to efficiently compute all the major sources of power consumption in interconnects and hence, enable interconnect-aware, high-level design space exploration.
10.3-Socioeconomic report-SRFSI Project-ACIAR-CIMMYT (2020)

Assistance received from DAE, BARI, and RADRS in Bangladesh; ICAR, BAU, UBKV, DoA-WB, Shakhi and JEEViKA in India, NARC and DoA in Nepal and community-based organizations (CBOs) in the region are thankfully acknowledged. The support received from CSIRO, Curtin University, University of Queensland, the University of New England in Australia; iDE Nepal; IRRI, IWMI, and IFPRI are greatly appreciated. We thank the farmers, service providers, machinery dealers of EGPs for their co-operation and inputs in implementing on-farm trials. A tremendous progress has been made in achieving milestones/outputs set in the proposal. This level of achievements would not have been possible without collaborators and other stakeholders dedicated supports. Thanks, are also due to Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and the Department of Foreign Affair and Trade (DFAT) for the support of CASI technology development and delivery in the EGPs. This research synthesis report is an output from a collaborative regional multi-partnership project managed by CIMMYT with the ACIAR and DFAT funding for the benefit of developing countries (CSE/2011/077). The views expressed are not necessarily those of these institutions or organizations
Chimeric Proteins Containing MAP-1 and Functional Domains of C4b-Binding Protein Reveal Strong Complement Inhibitory Capacities (2018)

The complement system is a tightly regulated network of proteins involved in defense against pathogens, inflammatory processes, and coordination of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Dysregulation of the complement cascade is associated with many inflammatory disorders. Thus, inhibition of the complement system has emerged as an option for treatment of a range of different inflammatory diseases. MAP-1 is a pattern recognition molecule (PRM)-associated inhibitor of the lectin pathway of the complement system, whereas C4b-binding protein (C4BP) regulates both the classical and lectin pathways. In this study we generated chimeric proteins consisting of MAP-1 and the first five domains of human C4BP (C4BP<sup>1-5</sup>) in order to develop a targeted inhibitor acting at different levels of the complement cascade. Two different constructs were designed and expressed in CHO cells where MAP-1 was fused with C4BP<sup>1-5</sup> in either the C- or N-terminus. The functionality of the chimeric proteins was assessed using different <i>in vitro</i> complement activation assays. Both chimeric proteins displayed the characteristic Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent dimerization and binding to PRMs of native MAP-1, as well as the co-factor activity of native C4BP. In ELISA-based complement activation assays they could effectively inhibit the lectin and classical pathways. Notably, MAP-1:C4BP<sup>1-5</sup> was five times more effective than rMAP-1 and rC4BP<sup>1-5</sup> applied at the same time, emphasizing the advantage of a single inhibitor containing both functional domains. The MAP-1/C4BP chimeras exert unique complement inhibitory properties and represent a novel therapeutic approach targeting both upstream and central complement activation.
Coherent vibronic coupling in a conjugated polymer at room temperature (2016)

Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy with sub-10-fs time resolution shows that coherent vibronic coupling promotes charge delocalization and results in long-lasting coherent oscillatory dynamics of strongly coupled excitons and polaron-pairs in a conjugated polymer thin film at room temperature.