gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Semisynthetic derivatives of daunorubicin and carminomycin: inhibition of DNA synthesis after intravenous administration to mice]. (1988)

Inhibition of DNA synthesis in the liver, kidneys, spleen and heart of mice after intravenous administration of 0.1 and 0.3 LD50 of semisynthetic derivatives of rubomycin (daunorubicin) and carminomycin was studied. The level of DNA synthesis inhibition was estimated by a decrease in incorporation of (methyl-3H) thymidine. Under the action of 13-trebutoxycarbonyl hydrazone and 14-salicyloiloxy derivatives of rubomycin and carminomycin maximum inhibition of DNA synthesis was reached later while its recovery started earlier as compared to the initial antibiotics.
Metabolic Physiology of the Invasive Clam, Potamocorbula amurensis: The Interactive Role of Temperature, Salinity, and Food Availability (2014)

In biological systems energy serves as the ultimate commodity, often determining species distributions, abundances, and interactions including the potential impact of invasive species on native communities. The Asian clam Potamocorbula amurensis invaded the San Francisco Estuary (SFE) in 1986 and is implicated in the decline of native fish species through resource competition. Using a combined laboratory/field study we examined how energy expenditure in this clam is influenced by salinity, temperature and food availability. Measures of metabolism were made at whole organism (metabolic rate) and biochemical (pyruvate kinase (PK) and citrate synthase (CS) enzyme activities) levels. We found in the field, over the course of a year, the ratio of PK to CS was typically 1.0 suggesting that aerobic and fermentative metabolism were roughly equivalent, except for particular periods characterized by low salinity, higher temperatures, and intermediate food availabilities. In a 30-day laboratory acclimation experiment, however, neither metabolic rate nor PK:CS ratio was consistently influenced by the same variables, though the potential for fermentative pathways did predominate. We conclude that in field collected animals, the addition of biochemical measures of energetic state provide little additional information to the previously measured whole organism metabolic rate. In addition, much of the variation in the laboratory remained unexplained and additional variables, including reproductive stage or body condition may influence laboratory-based results. Further study of adult clams must consider the role of organismal condition, especially reproductive state, in comparisons of laboratory experiments and field observations.
Nonaqueous magnesium electrochemistry and its application in secondary batteries (2003)

A revolution in modern electronics has led to the miniaturization and evolution of many portable devices, such as cellular telephones and laptop computers, since the 1980s. This has led to an increasing demand for new and compatible energy storage technologies. Furthermore, a growing awareness of pollution issues has provided a strong impetus for the science and technology community to develop alternatives with ever-higher energy densities, with the ultimate goal of being able to propel electric vehicles. Magnesium's thermodynamic properties make this metal a natural candidate for utilization as an anode in high-energy-density, rechargeable battery systems. We report herein on the results of extensive studies on magnesium anodes and magnesium insertion electrodes in nonaqueous electrolyte solutions. Novel, rechargeable nonaqueous magnesium battery systems were developed based on the research. This work had two major challenges: one was to develop electrolyte solutions with especially high anodic stability in which magnesium anodes can function at a high level of cycling efficiency; the other was to develop a cathode that can reversibly intercalate Mg ions in these electrolyte systems. The new magnesium batteries consist of Mg metal anodes, an electrolyte with a general structure of Mg(AlX(3-n)R(n)R')(2) (R',R = alkyl groups, X = halide) in ethereal solutions (e.g., tetrahydrofuran, polyethers of the "glyme" family), and Chevrel phases of MgMo(3)S(4) stoichiometry as highly reversible cathodes. With their practical energy density expected to be >60 Wh/Kg, the battery systems can be cycled thousands of times with almost no capacity fading. The batteries are an environmentally friendly alternative to lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries and are composed of abundant, inexpensive, and nonpoisonous materials. The batteries are expected to provide superior results in large devices that require high-energy density, high cycle life, a high degree of safety, and low-cost components. Further developments in this field are in active progress.
Convergent pathways in Parkinson’s disease (2017)

Preferential degeneration of dopamine neurons (DAn) in the midbrain represents the principal hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been hypothesized that major contributors to DAn vulnerability lie in their unique cellular physiology and architecture, which make them particularly susceptible to stress factors. Here, we report a concise overview of some of the cell mechanisms that may exacerbate DAn sensitivity and loss in PD. In particular, we highlight how defective protein sorting and clearance, endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium dyshomeostasis and intracellular trafficking converge to contribute synergistically to neuronal dysfunction in PD pathogenesis.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION OF (‐)‐ETHYL α‐FORMYL‐α‐METHYLPHENYLACETATE AND (‐)‐1,2‐DIPHENYL‐2‐METHYL‐1,3‐PROPANEDIONE (1979)

Abstract Die absoluten Strukturen der aus den Epoxiden (I) zugänglichen Aldehyde (IIa) und (IIb) werden durch Querbeziehungen sichergestellt.
The effect of preconditioning of tailings prior to inline flocculation and deposition (2019)

Improving the dewatering characteristics of high solids tailings streams, by the addition of high molecular weight anionic polyacrylamides is known to be operationally challenging. This is particularly true in applications where a secondary flocculation occurs after primary treatment and thickening of a tailings stream – for example, underflow from a thickener or the dredging and re-treatment of unconsolidated material from a tailings dam. Previous experience has shown that high dosages of polymer are often required to increase the initial water release from the tailings on deposition and improve the longer-term consolidation of the deposit. This paper investigates the effect of preconditioning high solids tailings through the use of shear prior to flocculation with the aim of both reducing the overall polymer dose and improving the dewatering performance of the deposit. Data presented includes the effect of preconditioning on slurry rheology and initial water release of the polymer treated material. The work showed that in some circumstances, improvements may be achieved by applying an optimised level of pre-shear, but this is dependent upon the type and properties of the tailings. This study was undertaken on tailings slurries, from different mineral types, that have varying levels of clay and overall solids content.
A Metal–Organic Framework-Based Material for Electrochemical Sensing of Carbon Dioxide (2014)

The free primary hydroxyl groups in the metal-organic framework of CDMOF-2, an extended cubic structure containing units of six γ-cyclodextrin tori linked together in cube-like fashion by rubidium ions, has been shown to react with gaseous CO2 to form alkyl carbonate functions. The dynamic covalent carbon-oxygen bond, associated with this chemisorption process, releases CO2 at low activation energies. As a result of this dynamic covalent chemistry going on inside a metal-organic framework, CO2 can be detected selectively in the atmosphere by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The "as-synthesized" CDMOF-2 which exhibits high proton conductivity in pore-filling methanolic media, displays a ∼550-fold decrease in its ionic conductivity on binding CO2. This fundamental property has been exploited to create a sensor capable of measuring CO2 concentrations quantitatively even in the presence of ambient oxygen.
A comprehensive review of biodegradable synthetic polymer-ceramic composites and their manufacture for biomedical applications (2018)

The application of various materials in biomedical procedures has recently experienced rapid growth. One area that is currently receiving significant attention from the scientific community is the treatment of a number of different types of bone-related diseases and disorders by using biodegradable polymer-ceramic composites. Biomaterials, the most common materials used to repair or replace damaged parts of the human body, can be categorized into three major groups: metals, ceramics, and polymers. Composites can be manufactured by combining two or more materials to achieve enhanced biocompatibility and biomechanical properties for specific applications. Biomaterials must display suitable properties for their applications, about strength, durability, and biological influence. Metals and their alloys such as titanium, stainless steel, and cobalt-based alloys have been widely investigated for implant-device applications because of their excellent mechanical properties. However, these materials may also manifest biological issues such as toxicity, poor tissue adhesion and stress shielding effect due to their high elastic modulus. To mitigate these issues, hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings have been used on metals because their chemical composition is similar to that of bone and teeth. Recently, a wide range of synthetic polymers such as poly (l-lactic acid) and poly (l-lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide) have been studied for different biomedical applications, owing to their promising biocompatibility and biodegradability. This article gives an overview of synthetic polymer-ceramic composites with a particular emphasis on calcium phosphate group and their potential applications in tissue engineering. It is hoped that synthetic polymer-ceramic composites such as PLLA/HA and PCL/HA will provide advantages such as eliminating the stress shielding effect and the consequent need for revision surgery.
Effect of Coatings on Concrete Resistance to Physical Salt Attack (2019)

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Mechanism design for resource bounded agents (2002)

The theory of mechanism design deals with the design of protocols for non-cooperative multi-agent systems. A major task of this theory is the design of protocols that will maximize the social welfare of the agents. An ideal mechanism will optimize social welfare and will be strategy-proof, i.e. the dominant strategy of each agent will be to participate in the mechanism and to reveal his true goal and worth, as well as budget-balanced, i.e., the mechanism should not impose any payments from the center/organizer to the agents. Indeed, E. Clarke's (1971) mechanism, which is central to information economics and to games with incomplete information satisfies these properties. However, we show that the Clarke's mechanism employs the use of procedures for optimizing social welfare, which are NP-hard. Hence, these procedures should be replaced by heuristics. We present a set of natural properties (axioms) of such heuristics that, when satisfied, enable us to obtain the desired strategy-proofness and budget balance properties. Our result enables us to extend the central protocol of the theory of mechanism design to the context of resource-bounded agents.
Dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance. An alternative method for acidity measurements. Application to superacids (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDynamic nuclear magnetic resonance. An alternative method for acidity measurements. Application to superacidsJean Sommer, Paul Rimmelin, and Torbjorn DrakenbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 9, 2671–2672Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00425a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00425a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of the Ultraviolet Index: Media reactions and public response (1997)

The majority of television weather forecasters and newspapers reported the UVI. Most of the public was aware of the UVI, causing some to change sun protection practices. Further evaluation is required to maximize the effect of the UVI on sun protection practices.
Dual ankyrinG and subpial autoantibodies in a man with well-controlled HIV infection with steroid-responsive meningoencephalitis: A case report (2023)

Neuroinvasive infection is the most common cause of meningoencephalitis in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but autoimmune etiologies have been reported. We present the case of a 51-year-old man living with HIV infection with steroid-responsive meningoencephalitis whose comprehensive pathogen testing was non-diagnostic. Subsequent tissue-based immunofluorescence with acute-phase cerebrospinal fluid revealed anti-neural antibodies localizing to the axon initial segment (AIS), the node of Ranvier (NoR), and the subpial space. Phage display immunoprecipitation sequencing identified ankyrinG (AnkG) as the leading candidate autoantigen. A synthetic blocking peptide encoding the PhIP-Seq-identified AnkG epitope neutralized CSF IgG binding to the AIS and NoR, thereby confirming a monoepitopic AnkG antibody response. However, subpial immunostaining persisted, indicating the presence of additional autoantibodies. Review of archival tissue-based staining identified candidate AnkG autoantibodies in a 60-year-old woman with metastatic ovarian cancer and seizures that were subsequently validated by cell-based assay. AnkG antibodies were not detected by tissue-based assay and/or PhIP-Seq in control CSF (<i>N</i> = 39), HIV CSF (<i>N</i> = 79), or other suspected and confirmed neuroinflammatory CSF cases (<i>N</i> = 1,236). Therefore, AnkG autoantibodies in CSF are rare but extend the catalog of AIS and NoR autoantibodies associated with neurological autoimmunity.
An approach to hypertension crisis: Evaluation of new fused banzazoles; 2- arylethenyl and 2,4-bis(arylethenyl) derivatives derived from 2,4-dimethylpyrimido [1,2-a] benzimidazole (2015)

In this manuscript, we investigated-in vivo- the hypotensive activity of the new derivatives related to the scaffold pyrimido-benzimidazole and compared the results with tolazoline. All of the reference; tolazoline and the tested derivatives are introduced in equimolar ratios in doses of (0.1 mg/kg iv) using anaesthetized-normotensive nonhuman primates (dogs). The new pyrimido [l,2-a] benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized from 2,4-dimethylpyrimido [1,2-a] benzimidazole (1) which intern, obtained from condensing 2-aminobenzimidazole with acetylacetone. Precusor 1 was then condensed with the appropriate aldehyde 2a-f to produce two series: 3a-f, and 4a-f, as trans [E]-configurational geometry. The structure of the synthesized derivatives has been characterized by elemental microanalysis (CHN), IR, MS and NMR Spectroscopy, as well as physicochemical properties. In conclusion: Pyrimido-benzimidazole scaffold is a good target for antihypertensive activity.
Advances in fragment-based drug discovery platforms (2009)

Under the FBDD approach, both identifying the starting fragment hit to be developed and generating the drug lead from that starting fragment hit are important. Integration of various techniques, such as computational technology, X-ray crystallography, NMR, surface plasmon resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry, mass spectrometry and high-concentration screening, must be applied in a situation-appropriate manner.
Laser-based bandgap engineering of quantum semiconductor wafers (2009)

Both laser-RTA (rapid thermal annealing) and UV excimer laser technologies have been investigated for post-growth bandgap engineering of quantum well and quantum dot wafers. The results indicate that this approach has the potential to offer industrially attractive solutions.
TOKOPS: Tokamak Reactor Operations Study: The influence of reactor operations on the design and performance of tokamaks with solid-breeder blankets: Final report (1986)

Reactor system operation and procedures have a profound impact on the conception and design of power plants. These issues are studied here using a model tokamak system employing a solid-breeder blanket. The model blanket is one which has evolved from the STARFIRE and BCSS studies. The reactor parameters are similar to those characterizing near-term fusion engineering reactors such as INTOR or NET (Next European Tokamak). Plasma startup, burn analysis, and methods for operation at various levels of output power are studied. A critical, and complicating, element is found to be the self-consistent electromagnetic response of the system, including the presence of the blanket and the resulting forces and loadings. Fractional power operation, and the strategy for burn control, is found to vary depending on the scaling law for energy confinement, and an extensive study is reported. Full-power reactor operation is at a neutron wall loading pf 5 MW/m/sup 2/ and a surface heat flux of 1 MW/m/sup 2/. The blanket is a pressurized steel module with bare beryllium rods and low-activation HT-9-(9-C-) clad LiAlO/sub 2/ rods. The helium coolant pressure is 5 MPa, entering the module at 297/sup 0/C and exiting at 550/sup 0/C. The system power output is rated at 1000 MW(e). In this report, we present our findings on various operational scenarios and their impact on system design. We first start with the salient aspects of operational physics. Time-dependent analyses of the blanket and balance of plant are then presented. Separate abstracts are included for each chapter.
The effect of surface charge on arterial thrombosis (1984)

Abstract The amount of thrombus formed on the surface of implants of random copolymers of (L‐glutamic acid co‐L‐leucine) implanted in the femoral and carotid arteries of dogs is related to composition and the degree of ionization. When the initial surface concentration of unionized glutamic acid is greater than 10%, the surface is completely covered with thrombus; the thrombus is, however, limited in thickness to ∼600 μ. For surface concentration of unionized glutamic acid less than 10%, the amount of thrombus is a linear function of the degree of ionization. When 10% of the total surface sites consists of ionized glutamic acid residues, there is no thrombus, and only formed elements adhere to the surface. Thrombus covered surfaces tended to show decreased thrombus formation by seven days post implantation. The presence of thrombus enhanced the rate of development of an endothelial‐like cell layer on the surface, while on thrombus‐free implants, large‐diameter flattened monocytes, some of which formed confluent patches, covered only small areas of the implant surface.
Chirality, charge, and chain branching effects on dithiocarbamate-induced mobilization of cadmium from intracellular deposits in mice (1991)

The effects of three major structural features on the intracellular cadmium mobilizing potency of dithiocarbamates have been examined. These features, the chirality of the groups, the total ionic charge of the chelating agent, and the extent of chain branching, would be expected to affect the pharmacological properties of these chelating agents but to have little effect on the stability constants of the cadmium complexes involved. A total of 25 compounds (including 21 new ones) was prepared and used in animal studies designed to evaluate these effects. These included a series of amphipathic dithiocarbamates of the general type R1N(R2)CS2-Na+, where R1 is a relatively nonpolar organic group and R2 is derived from a reducing hexose. All of the factors examined influenced the potency of dithiocarbamates in the mobilization of cadmium from intracellular deposits. The compounds with R2 = galactose or mannose and R1 = benzyl were both more effective than the corresponding glucose derivatives in inducing the removal of cadmium from the liver and the whole body. Increases in the net negative charge of the chelating agent uniformly decreased the observed potency in the mobilization of hepatic and renal cadmium deposits. The replacement of a normal alkyl group by a branched-chain group of the same molecular weight also led to an increase in potency for the two pairs of compounds examined. Dithiocarbamates which are not amphipathic because of the presence of similar polar substituents for both R1 and R2, such as sodium diarabitylamine carbodithioate, were relatively ineffective as agents for the mobilization of intracellular cadmium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cortical reorganization in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (2007)

Object-Recent investigations have demonstrated that the cerebral cortex can reorganize as a result of spinal cord injury and may play a role in preserving neurological function.Reorganization of cortical representational maps in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) has not been previously described.The authors sought to determine the feasibility of using functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging in patients with CSM to investigate changes in the cortical representation of the wrist and ankle before and after surgical intervention.Methods-Four patients with clinical and imaging evidence of CSM were prospectively enrolled in this study.The patients underwent preoperative neurological examination, functional assessment, cervical imaging, and brain fMR imaging.The fMR imaging activation task undertaken was either wrist extension or ankle dorsiflexion, depending on whether the patient's primary impairment was hand dysfunction or gait difficulty.The cohort then underwent further evaluations at 6 weeks and 3 and 6 months postoperatively.In addition, five healthy volunteers underwent fMR imaging at two different time points and served as controls.In the healthy volunteers fMR imaging demonstrated areas of focal cortical activation limited to the contralateral primary motor area for the assigned motor tasks; the activation patterns were stable throughout repeated imaging.In comparison, in patients with CSM fMR imaging demonstrated expansion of the cortical representation of the affected extremity.Surgical decompression resulted in improvements in neurological function and reorganization of the representational map.Conclusions-The findings of this preliminary study demonstrate the potential of fMR imaging to assess changes in cortical representation before and after surgical intervention in patients with CSM.A future study involving a larger cohort of patients as well as the stratification of patients with CSM, based on the aforementioned factors that influence cortical adaptation, will allow a more detailed quantitative analysis.