gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Pt Surface Coverage on Oxidation of Zr and Other Materials (2008)

Abstract Certain elements, including noble metals, are identified to influence corrosion behavior of many metals in high-temperature water/steam and O2. We have previously reported effects of porous Pt coatings on the thermal oxidation of Zr, Fe, Ni, Cr, and GaAs in O2. Effects of Pt on oxidation of Zircaloy-2 in H2O have also been observed at temperatures near 400°C. An enhanced oxidation rate is observed in all of the studied systems upon a sufficiently high surface Pt-particle density. Even more interesting, low Pt-particle density in most cases leads to a decreased oxidation rate. In the case of Zr and Zircaloy-2 the beneficial effect of Pt is stronger when hydrogen is present in the metal substrate and in the oxide layer. From 18O/SIMS experiments it is concluded that, for a sufficiently high Pt-particle density on the surface, enhanced transport of dissociated oxygen, On− (n=0; 2), towards the oxide/metal interface occurs in all of the studied systems. An oxygen spillover from Pt particles to the adjacent surface is a known phenomenon in catalysis and partly explains the results observed also in the current study of oxidation of Zr-based materials. Such a spillover involves a high surface diffusivity of dissociated oxygen, On−, which results in an increased gradient of On− across the oxide scale. In turn, the high oxygen gradient enhances the transport of oxygen towards the substrate/oxide-interface. This shows that not only diffusivity but also an effective activity of dissociated oxygen at the external oxide surface influences the oxidation rate. Naturally, the effects of Pt are maximized when small (nm-sized) and evenly distributed Pt particles are present on the surface. In our presentation a summary of obtained results of Pt additions on different materials will be given with suggested interpretations. Especially, the observed beneficial combination of Pt and hydrogen in the oxidation of Zr-based materials is discussed with a possible mechanistic explanation. Parallels are also drawn to the potential effect of Noble Metal Chemical Application (NMCA), used in a large fraction of the U.S. BWRs, on the corrosion resistance of Zr-based claddings.
Neural spike representation using Cepstrum (2014)

Neural spikes define the human brain function. An accurate extraction of spike features leads to better understanding of brain functionality. The main challenge of feature extraction is to mitigate the effect of strong background noises. To address this problem, we introduce a new feature representation for neural spikes based on Cepstrum of multichannel recordings. Simulation results indicated that the proposed method is more robust than the existing Haar wavelet method.
Medical Oncology: Medical Aspects of Malignant Disease (1975)

This text represents the efforts of 24 contributors (predominantly British) to review comprehensively specific aspects of tumor biology, diagnostic procedures, and therapy pertinent to the field of medical oncology. The overall result is unbalanced with a wide variation in relative quality of individual chapters. The specific sections dealing with tumor immunology, cell kinetics, and trophoblastic disease are well written and informative. The treatment of the terminal patient, a subject conspicuously absent from current available oncologic texts, offers a concise and useful review of this very important and often difficult clinical problem. The clinical pharmacology of anticancer drugs is presented with extreme brevity, but the basic information is included. In several instances, however, the recommended dosages for specific agents do not conform with what is considered safe and accepted practice in this country. Many chapters, such as those describing the metabolic abnormalities and serum monitoring of tumors, present a wealth of
Elimination of process-dependent clock skew in CMOS VLSI (1986)

Delays of two clock signals propagating along their respective CMOS logic circuit paths can be matched against all processing variations if the sum of the pull-up delays of PFETs along the first signal path is matched to that of the second path, and if the sum of the pull-down delays of NFETs along the first path is matched to that of the second path. This design technique allows generation of a skewless pair of upgoing and downgoing CMOS clocks, and the technique allows the design of CMOS VLSI free from process-induced race conditions. The technique is flexible for light or heavy clock load and for the choice of decoder logic. The technique has a wide application in MOS circuits other than clock decoders.
Luminescent alternating boron quinolate–fluorene copolymers exhibiting high electron mobility (2010)

π-Conjugated copolymers composed of 9,9-didodecylfluorene and boron quinolate were synthesized by an efficient chelating reaction of quinolinol-based polyfluorene derivative, as a polymeric ligand, with arylborane compounds such as triphenylborane (BPh3) or fluorobis(pentafluorophenyl)borane diethyl etherate ((C6F5)BF·OEt2). The polymeric ligand was prepared from the deprotection reaction of boron tribromide and benzyloxyquinoline-based polyfluorene, which was produced via the efficient Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of 5,7-dibromo-8-benzylquinoline and 9,9-didodecylfluorene-2,7-diboronic acid in the presence of 2-(2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl)dicyclohexylphosphine (S-Phos) and palladium(II) acetate. Their optical properties were studied by UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The absorption and PL spectra of the obtained polymers were red-shifted in comparison with those of the polymeric ligand due to the decrease of the LUMO level by the formation of boron complexes, explained by theoretical calculations of the model compounds using the density-functional theory (DFT) method. The molar extinction coefficients and emission maxima of boron-chelating polymers were analogous values to those of (κ2-(N,O)-5,7-bis(9,9-dihexylfluoren-2-yl)-8-quinolinolate)diphenylborane (BFluorene2q). Furthermore, the electron mobilities of the polymers were determined from the space-charge limited current (SCLC) with electron-only device structure of ITO/Ca/polymer/LiF/Al. As a result, the mobilities for the polymers (3.9 or 2.0 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1) were reasonably close to the value (7.9 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1) calculated from the Alq3-fabricated device.
Model for computing aggregate interference from secondary cellular network in presence of correlated shadow fading (2011)

The estimation of the total interference generated from a secondary system is essential for protecting the primary receivers. However, interference level estimation from a large number of secondary transmitters is a challenging problem. In this paper, we estimate the aggregate interference as an integration over the power spatial density in the secondary system's deployment area. We modify such integration-based model to contain the correlation in shadow fading. We apply the model on a cellular system downlink and study how well the proposed analytical model describes the interference level in correlated and non-correlated slow fading environment. The analysis indicates that for cell size less than five km the integration based model describes interference relatively well. For larger cell sizes, the interference is dominated by a few strong sources and has to be computed by summing over the power of all individual transmitters. It is also illustrated that the full correlated and independent slow fading provide two extremes of the amount of generated interference. The complex estimation of the impact of the fading cross correlation can be avoided by using those two extreme models as bounds to the interference level.
Max-Margin Majority Voting for Learning from Crowds (2018)

Learning-from-crowds aims to design proper aggregation strategies to infer the unknown true labels from the noisy labels provided by ordinary web workers. This paper presents max-margin majority voting (M$^3$3V) to improve the discriminative ability of majority voting and further presents a Bayesian generalization to incorporate the flexibility of generative methods on modeling noisy observations with worker confusion matrices for different application settings. We first introduce the crowdsourcing margin of majority voting, then we formulate the joint learning as a regularized Bayesian inference (RegBayes) problem, where the posterior regularization is derived by maximizing the margin between the aggregated score of a potential true label and that of any alternative label. Our Bayesian model naturally covers the Dawid-Skene estimator and M$^3$3V as its two special cases. Due to the flexibility of our model, we extend it to handle crowdsourced labels with an ordinal structure with the main ideas about the crowdsourcing margin unchanged. Moreover, we consider an online learning-from-crowds setting where labels coming in a stream. Empirical results demonstrate that our methods are competitive, often achieving better results than state-of-the-art estimators.
Magnetic Resonant Coupling As a Potential Means for Wireless Power Transfer to Multiple Small Receivers (2009)

Wireless power transfer via magnetic resonant coupling is experimentally demonstrated in a system with a large source coil and either one or two small receivers. Resonance between source and load coils is achieved with lumped capacitors terminating the coils. A circuit model is developed to describe the system with a single receiver, and extended to describe the system with two receivers. With parameter values chosen to obtain good fits, the circuit models yield transfer frequency responses that are in good agreement with experimental measurements over a range of frequencies that span the resonance. Resonant frequency splitting is observed experimentally and described theoretically for the multiple receiver system. In the single receiver system at resonance, more than 50% of the power that is supplied by the actual source is delivered to the load. In a multiple receiver system, a means for tracking frequency shifts and continuously retuning the lumped capacitances that terminate each receiver coil so as to maximize efficiency is a key issue for future work.
Applicasion of pluralism regulation mode and with new rural cooperative medica (2012)

Since the our city development of new rural cooperative medical care since,always adhere to theHuimin,benefit,convenienceas the starting point and goal,bold management,actively explore a new rural cooperative medical care a plurality of supervision mode,take the data index assessment,goal setting responsibility agreement,real-time system of medical audit,audit,inspection records of telephone visit audit,regularly or irregularly to designated medical institutions inspection audit combination,to ensure that the new rural cooperative medical fund in the controllable,can plan the scope of normal operation,standardize the fixed medical institutions in medical service behavior,safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the insured,so that farmers get the real benefit.
A Case of Complete Papillary Muscle Rupture after Blunt Chest Trauma Confirmed by Transesophageal Echocardiography (1997)

Acute mitral regurgitation associated with rupture of papillary muscle is a rare complication\nof blunt chest trauma. Echocardiographic information is very useful in the diagnosis of papillary\nmuscle rupture, evaluation of left ventricular function and other abnoramlity of heart. The value\nof transthoracic echocardiography in blunt chest trauma is limited because patients with severe\nchest wall injury often have suboptimal echocardiographic fingings. But transesophageal echocardiography\ncan provide high quality images when the transthoracic echocardiographic image quality\nis poor. We report 27 year-old female with papillary muscle rupture after blunt chest trauma in whom\ntransthoracic echocardiography could not provide a prompt diangosis, but definitive evidence of\npapillary muscle rupture was demonstrated by transesophageal echocardiography.\nKEY WORDS：Traumatic papillary muscle rupture·Transesophageal echocardiography.
Alkohol (1998)

Mitte der achtziger Jahre sahen sich die Bürger der Sowjetunion einem landesweiten Zuckermangel gegenüber, der so ernst war, daß dieses Grundnahrungsmittel wie Benzin rationiert werden mußte. Grund des Mangels war nicht wie gewöhnlich eine ineffiziente staatlich gelenkte Produktion, unzureichende Einfuhr oder ein marodes Verteilungssystem. Nein, schuld war zelyony zmei — der grüne Drache. Das war der Spitzname für Michail Gorbatschows Kreuzzug, der darauf abzielte, seine Landsleute von ihrem Nationalgetränk zu entwöhnen: dem Wodka. Der Name leitet sich von den Windungen der grünlichen Kupferrohre ab, mit deren Hilfe in Tausenden von Heimdestillen das hergestellt wurde, was die Regierung zu rationieren versuchte.
<title>Hybrid optically interconnected microprocessor: an InP I-MSM integrated onto a mixed-signal CMOS analog optical receiver with a digital CMOS microprocessor</title> (2000)

This paper presents the results of simultaneously working fully-differential optoelectronic receiver fabricated in Si CMOS with digital SIMD microprocessor on the same die next to analog, optical interface circuitry, the receiver have been hybrid integrated with a thin film InP-based inverted (I)-MSM photodetector and optically tested using external light source modulated by digital input signal. The noise immunity to mixed-signal digital switching noise of the differential receiver has been shown to be good enough to generate 10<SUP>-9</SUP> BER.
Strategic Applications of Tandem Reactions in Complex Natural Product Synthesis: Rapid Access to the (Iso)Cyclocitrinol Core: Spectral Analysis (2012)

This is the spectral analysis accompanying a thesis that describes the efforts of Professor James Leighton and myself toward the synthesis of the tetracyclic core of a class of steroidal natural products known as the cyclocitrinols. Our initial work in this area was performed on racemic model systems in order to validate our ring contraction-Cope rearrangement strategy. Novel chemistry was then identified to access the functionalized core in enantio-enriched form. Finally, in line with our efforts to probe the transition state of our key tandem Claisen-Cope reaction, additional substrates were prepared supporting our proposed transition state and improving the efficiency of this transformation.
Modeling and experimental validation of covalent immobilization of Trametes maxima laccase on glyoxyl and MANA‐Sepharose CL 4B supports, for the use in bioconversion of residual colorants (2021)

Our novel strategy for the rational design of immobilized derivatives (RDID) is directed to predict the behavior of the protein immobilized derivative before its synthesis, by the usage of mathematic algorithms and bioinformatics tools. However, this approach needs to be validated for each target enzyme. The objective of this work was to validate the RDID strategy for covalent immobilization of the enzyme laccase from Trametes maxima MUCL 44155 on glyoxyl- and monoaminoethyl-N-aminoethyl (MANA)-Sepharose CL 4B supports. Protein surface clusters, more probable configurations of the protein-supports systems at immobilization pHs, immobilized enzyme activity, and protein load were predicted by RDID<sub>1.0</sub> software. Afterward, immobilization was performed and predictions were experimentally confirmed. As a result, the laccase-MANA-Sepharose CL 4B immobilized derivative is better than laccase-glyoxyl-Sepharose CL 4B in predicted immobilized derivative activity (63.6% vs. 29.5%). Activity prediction was confirmed by an experimentally expressed enzymatic activity of 68%, using 2,6-dimethoxyphenol as substrate. Experimental maximum protein load matches the estimated value (11.2 ± 1.3 vs. 12.1 protein mg/support mL). The laccase-MANA-Sepharose CL 4B biocatalyst has a high specificity for the acid blue 62 colorant. The results obtained in this work suggest the possibility of using this biocatalyst for wastewater treatment.
Probabilistic community detection in networks (2011)

Standard community detection methods for networks provide “hard calls”: a specification of which nodes belong to which groups with no indication of the confidence of these assessments. Here, a simple formula is presented which provides the probability of a node belonging to a group. An efficient method is then presented for determining the probability of any pair of nodes being in the same group, without reference to any one, fixed group structure. These pairwise co-membership probabilities can be used directly to enable certain analyses of group structure, or can be converted into a distance metric which enables a different class of analyses. As an example, we demonstrate how this co-membership distance matrix can be used to find a community structure that is both overlapping and hierarchical using a topological technique inspired by Morse theory to partially cluster with respect to the distance metric.
Cryogenic Design of Termination Cryostat for HTS Power Cable (2004)

A high temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable system cooled by forced-circulation subcooled liquid nitrogen is under construction in Korea. In the system, the termination cryostat designed for normal capacity of 22.9 kV, 1.26 kA is located at each end. In order to cool the cryostat effectively, we conducted several numerical analyses. It was found that major design factors were position of inlet and outlet for the liquid nitrogen as well as mass flow rate of the liquid nitrogen in the cryostat. It was also found based on the calculation of temperature distributions in the cryostat that the mass flow rate of liquid nitrogen is needed at least 0.2 kg/s. The cryostat was designed to endure the mechanical stress induced by thermal shrinkage from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature. The cryostat is being installed in the 30 m length, prototype single phase HTS cable system.
Random restarts in minimum error rate training for statistical machine translation (2008)

minimum error rate training (MERT) procedure is the most commonly used method for training feature weights in statistical machine translation (SMT) models. The use of multiple randomized starting points in MERT is a well-established practice, although there seems to be no published systematic study of its benefits. We compare several ways of performing random restarts with MERT. We find that all of our random restart methods outperform MERT without random restarts, and we develop some refinements of random restarts that are superior to the most common approach with regard to resulting model quality and training time.
In Vivo Activity of MiR-34a Mimics Delivered by Stable Nucleic Acid Lipid Particles (SNALPs) against Multiple Myeloma (2014)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease with an adverse outcome and new therapeutic strategies are urgently awaited. A rising body of evidence supports the notion that microRNAs (miRNAs), master regulators of eukaryotic gene expression, may exert anti-MM activity. Here, we evaluated the activity of synthetic miR-34a in MM cells. We found that transfection of miR-34a mimics in MM cells induces a significant change of gene expression with relevant effects on multiple signal transduction pathways. We detected early inactivation of pro-survival and proliferative kinases Erk-2 and Akt followed at later time points by caspase-6 and -3 activation and apoptosis induction. To improve the in vivo delivery, we encapsulated miR-34a mimics in stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs). We found that SNALPs miR-34a were highly efficient in vitro in inhibiting growth of MM cells. Then, we investigated the activity of the SNALPs miR-34a against MM xenografts in SCID mice. We observed significant tumor growth inhibition (p<0.05) which translated in mice survival benefits (p=0.0047). Analysis of miR-34a and NOTCH1 expression in tumor retrieved from animal demonstrated efficient delivery and gene modulation induced by SNALPs miR-34a in the absence of systemic toxicity. We here therefore provide evidence that SNALPs miR-34a may represent a promising tool for miRNA-therapeutics in MM.
The E quine Cervical Spine: Comparing MRI and Contrast‐Enhanced CT Images with Anatomic Slices in the Sagittal, Dorsal and Transverse Plane (2014)

Introduction The impact of cervical pathology on performance is of great importance to the equine industry. Accurate diagnosis of cervical disease with imaging modalities, including CT and MRI , requires thorough appreciation of normal cervical anatomy. The objectives of this study were to describe in detail the 3‐dimensional anatomy of the equine cervical spine by comparing anatomical sections with corresponding MR and contrast‐enhanced CT images in the sagittal, dorsal, and transverse plane and to determine the ability of MR and contrast‐enhanced CT imaging to visualize anatomical structures in the cervical spine. Methods Three cervical spines of young adults (3–8 years), were collected immediately after humane euthanasia. The spine was stabilized on a frame in a natural flexed position with an angle of 20‐degrees. MR and contrast‐enhanced CT imaging was performed within 6 hours after euthanasia. Anatomical sections of 1 cm were made in the sagittal, dorsal, and transverse plane and compared with corresponding CT and MR images. The intervertebral disk thickness, facet joint angle, amount of cerebrospinal fluid and amount of synovial fluid within each facet joint were quantified. Results The anatomical locations of clinically important structures including the facet joints, spinal cord, cervical nerve roots and intervertebral disks were reliably identified in the anatomical sections and their corresponding MR images. Contrast‐enhanced CT images depicted all osseous borders; MR images were superior for soft tissue structures. Conclusions This study enhances the understanding of normal cervical spine anatomy and the diagnostic usefulness of cervical MRI and contrast‐enhanced CT in the horse. Ethical animal research This study was approved by the animal care and use committee of the M ississippi S tate U niversity, MS , USA . Explicit owner informed consent for participation in this study is not stated. Sources of funding: O ffice of Graduate R esearch and the D epartment of Clinical Sciences of the C ollege of V eterinary M edicine, Mississippi S tate U niversity. Competing interests: none.
Frontispiz: Reversible Supra‐Folding of User‐Programmed Functional DNA Nanostructures on Fuzzy Cationic Substrates (2021)

DNA-Nanotechnologie In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 15342 berichten Sergii Rudiuk, Damien Baigl et al. über nutzerdefinierte DNA-Nanostrukturen, die eine schnelle “Supra-Faltung” zu dreidimensionalen Origamis oder Nanogrids durchlaufen.
A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF THYMECTOMY IN MYASTHENIA GRAVIS (1977)

重症筋無力症(以下MG)に対する胸腺摘出の効果を検討した結果,胸摘群49例(胸腺腫のある例は除く)の寛解・著明改善率は63.3%で,非摘群59例の35.6%に比べて有意に高率で(P<0.01), MG治療における胸腺摘出の有効性を確認した.摘出胸腺の組織検索では,胸腺髄質におけるgerminal center (以下GC)の形成は49例中39例(79.6%)にみられた.胸腺GC形成の程度と術後経過の間には有意の関係があり(P<0.02), GCが著明な群ほど術後経過は不良であり,かつ術後改善にかなりの時間的遅れがみられた.これらから胸腺GC形成は重要な予後推測因子になりうる.誘発筋電図所見とMG臨床像の関連では,口輪筋waningは球症状を有する症例の83.9%にみられ,臨床像とかなり相関したが,小指外転筋waningは四肢症状を呈する症例の56.6%にみられたのみで,臨床像と必らずしも一致しなかつた. Basedow病を合併した12例中11例ではBasedow病がMGに先行して発症していた.大部分の症例では甲状腺機能亢進時期にMG症状は最も強く, Basedow病治療による甲状腺機能の正常化に伴つてMG症状は改善した.しかし甲状腺機能の正常化のみではMGの寛解はみられず,胸腺摘出が必要であつた.
ChemInform Abstract: UMWANDLUNG VON OLEFINEN IN AETHYLENKETALE DURCH HG‐ACETAT UND PD‐CHLORID (1972)

Abstract Olefine (I) reagieren in Gegenwart von Äthylenglykol (II) mit Hg(Il)‐acetat (III) unter Zusatz von p‐Toluolsulfonsäure zunächst zu den Addukten (IV), die mit PdCl 2 (V) zu den Organo‐Pd‐Derivaten (VI) austauschen.