gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial Wetting in Trickle Bed Reactors:  Measurement Techniques and Global Wetting Efficiency (2007)

Three very different techniques for measuring the catalyst wetted fractionor wetting efficiencyin trickle bed reactors have been carried out and compared. The first one based on pressure drop data performed successively in single gas then liquid phases and, then, in a gas−liquid phase is experimentally very simple but did not result in meaningful wetting efficiency estimation. The other ones, based on RTD analysis and on dye adsorption on wetted surfaces, gave similar results and were used to investigate different parameters: liquid velocity and gas molecular weight and pressure by RTD, liquid−solid interaction or affinity (contact angle) and particle shape and diameter by dye fixation. The main operating parameter is the liquid velocity while the effect of gas flow is very weak. Higher solid−liquid affinity (heptane versus water) improves wetting efficiency only at very low liquid velocity (<2 × 10-3 m/s).
Silicon-on-insulator substrates: status and prognosis (2002)

The task in SOI substrate material is now to establish that high performance and reliability can be obtained routinely and consistently, in spite of the fact that SOI wafers are still made in a small batch processes. Circuits of interest must be obtained with high yield using SOI wafers which are acceptably low in cost and available in sufficient quantity on a timely basis, just as bulk Si wafers became identical and reliable enough that only spot check characterization needed to be done, SOI wafers have to strive for the same routineness to be of greatest interest to semiconductor manufacturers. While much progress in this direction has been made, much is still left to do. One of the difficulties facing semiconductor manufacturers is the wide variety of choices in available SOI material at a time when the goal is to narrow down the choices to an optimum one or two. Mainstream CMOS efforts have focused on two major options-SIMOX and BSOI, but even within these options there are potential variables.
Liver elasticity and viscosity quantification using shearwave dispersion ultrasound vibrometry (SDUV) (2009)

Noninvasive quantification of liver elasticity is a promising alternative to liver biopsy to stage liver fibrosis, a condition afflicting hundreds of millions of patients worldwide. Quantitative measurement of elasticity (in unit of Pascal) is required in this application because liver fibrosis is a diffuse disease where abnormality is not confined to a local region and there is no normal background tissue to provide contrast. SDUV uses an ultrasound "push" beam to stimulate formation of propagating harmonic shear waves in the studied tissue. The propagation speed of induced shear waves is frequency dependent (dispersive) and relates to the tissue's mechanical properties. Shear wave speeds at multiple frequencies (typically hundreds of Hertz) are measured by a separate ultrasound "detect" beam in pulse echo mode and fit with a theoretical dispersion model to inversely solve for tissue elasticity and viscosity. A special pulse sequence has been developed to facilitate a single ultrasound array transducer for both push and detect function, which makes SDUV compatible with current ultrasound scanners. Feasibility of this pulse sequence is demonstrated by in vivo SDUV measurements in porcine liver using a dual transducer prototype.
Visually and Phonologically Similar Characters in Incorrect Simplified Chinese Words (2010)

Information about students ’ mistakes opens a window to an understanding of their learning processes, and helps us design effective course work to help students avoid replication of the same errors. Learning from mistakes is important not just in human learning activities; it is also a crucial ingredient in techniques for the developments of student models. In this article, we report findings of our study on 4,100 erroneous Chinese words. Seventy-six percent of these errors were related to the phonological similarity between the correct and the incorrect characters, 46 % were due to visual similarity, and 29 % involved both factors. We propose a computing algorithm that aims at replication of incorrect Chinese words. The algorithm extends the principles of decomposing Chinese characters with the Cangjie codes to judge the visual similarity be-tween Chinese characters. The algorithm also employs empirical rules to determine the degree of similarity between Chinese phonemes. To show its effectiveness, we ran the algorithm to select and rank a list of about 100 candidate characters, from more than 5,100 characters, for the incorrectly written character in each of the 4,100 errors. We inspected whether the incorrect character was indeed included in the candidate list and analyzed whether the incorrect character was ranked at the top of the candidate list. Experimental results show that our algorithm captured 97 % of incorrect characters for the 4,100 errors, when the average length of the candidate lists was 104. Further analyses showed that the incorrect characters ranked among the top
Kinematic aligned femoral rotation leads to greater patella tilt but similar clinical outcomes when compared to traditional femoral component rotation in total knee arthroplasty. A propensity score matched study (2020)

Level III Evidence-Retrospective Cohort Study.
An Experimental Analysis and Estimation of Aerodynamic Noise Using a Production Vehicle (1990)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The wind-noise-level in the cabin of a vehicle depends on the magnitude of the aerodynamically generated noise and noise isolation characteristics. Therefore, one good way to reduce the wind-noise-level in the cabin is to minimise the acoustic noise itself generated by the turbulent air flow around the vehicle at high speed cruising.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the relation between the turbulent flow and the aerodynamic noise as well as how to estimate the magnitude of aerodynamic noise, especially around A-pillar of a production vehicle.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;First, the flow visualization and the detailed measurements of flow clarify the vortex structure generated around A-pillar and side window.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Secondly, sound pressure fluctuations measured on the side window surface are discussed in relation to the vortex structure.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Lastly, in order to estimate the order of the magnitude of aerodynamic noise we, propose physical parameters given by approximating the solution of Lighthill's equation.&lt;/div&gt;
Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis and Pseudocyst Due to Mumps (1974)

This is the first reported case of mumps hemorrhagic pancreatitis in a child, documented at operation, and by rising mumps titers and complicated by a pseudocyst. In severe cases when surgery is indicated, drainage of the lesser sac usually prevents pseudocyst formation. If a pseudocyst occurs, drainage is required to eliminate disabling pain and chronic pancreatitis. Live attenuated mumps vaccine may eliminate this source of pancreatitis from American children in the future.
Preparation and Chiral Resolution Properties of L-Phenylalanine Modified Poly<i>(NIPAAm-Co-AAc)</i> Hydrogels (2011)

Poly(NIPAAm-co-AAc) hydrogels of different ratios were prepared by copolymerization and then modified with L-phenylalanine by amidation of carboxyl groups of acrylic acid. The structures of the hydrogels were identified by IR and the chiral separation experiments of hydrogels on D/L-phenylalanine were investigated. The results showed that the chiral hydrogels exhibited enantioselectivity for L-phenylalanine and the resolution capability increased with the rising of temperature and contents of L-phenylalanine groups.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N′‐THIO‐BIS‐PHTHALIMID, EIN EINFACHES REAGENZ ZUR UEBERTRAGUNG VON SCHWEFEL (1972)

Abstract N,N′‐Thio‐bis‐phthalimid (I) reagiert mit Aminen (II), ggf. stufenweise über (III), zu den Sulfenylamiden (IV).
A framework for building reusable mobile agents for network management (2003)

Mobile agents can migrate among nodes to perform a set of management tasks at each of the visited nodes. Existing mobile agent-based network management systems often assume that their mobile agents are designed to work in particular networks to raise the efficiency of agent migration among multiple nodes. Unfortunately, such mobile agents cannot be reused in different networks. This paper proposes a framework where a mobile agent for network management is composed of two kinds of software components, a itinerary part and a behavioral logic part. Both components are implemented as mobile agents. The former is a carrier designed for particular networks, and it can efficiently navigate other mobile agents among nodes in its target network. The latter defines management tasks performed at each node independently of any local network. This framework allows a mobile agent for network management to be reused in various networks without being modified. A prototype implementation of this framework and its application were built on a Java-based mobile agent system.
Lifetime of neutral carrier based ion-selective liquid-membrane electrodes (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLifetime of neutral carrier based ion-selective liquid-membrane electrodesUrs. Oesch and Wilhelm. SimonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 4, 692–700Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50054a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50054a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views658Altmetric-Citations250LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Constructing personal digital library by multi-search and customized category (2002)

The current search tools for retrieving information on the WWW are not suitable for building customized information repositories because these search tools are designed for general users with the result of only an unstructured collection of documents. We present a personal digital library capable of efficiently retrieving information on the World Wide Web. We adopt several new strategies to overcome the shortcomings of current tools. The first strategy, classification, merges and organizes the retrieved documents to put them in a structural hierarchical frame. The second strategy, user profile, saves time and bandwidth for the access of the documents and permits the users to build their own customized category structure. The third strategy, multi-search, capitalizes on the power of multiple search engines to broaden the domains of information sources and alleviate the overloading of a single search engine. Furthermore we derive in detail the techniques for speeding up the iterative process of clustering.
Synthesis and Application of Chiral Cyclopropane-Based Ligands in Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation (2004)

A series of chiral, cyclopropane-based phosphorus/sulfur ligands have been synthesized and evaluated in the palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of 1,3-diphenylpropenyl acetate with dimethyl malonate. Variation of the ligand substituents at phosphorus, sulfur, and the carbon backbone revealed 24d to have the optimal configuration for this reaction, giving the product in high yield and with good enantioselectivity (93%). A model for the observed enantioselectivity is discussed within the context of existing models, using X-ray crystallographic data, solution-phase NMR studies, and the absolute stereochemistry of the products. Selected ligands were also evaluated in the palladium-catalyzed intermolecular Heck reaction and the rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation of a dehydroamino acid.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of (+)-Usnic Acid Derivatives as Hypoglycemic Agents (2022)

Usnic acid is produced by lichens and exhibits different biological properties, including hypoglycemic ones. However, this effect becomes noticeable only at relatively high doses, something that may lead to some adverse effects. The chemical modification of the molecule is able to enhance its safety profile and its hypoglycemic properties. We synthesized six enamine derivatives of (+)-usnic acid, and two of them are novel. All compounds were evaluated for the hypoglycemic effect after oral introduction in mice with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The derivative containing a 4-trifluoromethylphenyl fragment showed the most pronounced hypoglycemic effect, which was detected starting from sixth day of the experiment. Also, OGTT was performed in mice without alteration of glucose metabolism (C57BL/6), which showed no hypoglycemic effect after oral introduction of all studied compounds.
Nitrate, Nitrite and Type 2 Diabetes (2022)

Recent research punctuates that the nitrate (NO3)-nitrite (NO2)-nitric oxide (NO) pathway may be a potential therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes (T2D), a NOdisrupted metabolic disorder. Nutritional aspects of the NO3-NO2-NO pathway has been highlighted by focusing on the protective effects of some traditional high-NO3 diet, such as Mediterranean and DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diets and their NO3-rich components, i.e., fruits, vegetables, legumes, and green leafy vegetables, against the development of T2D. Both acute and long-term administration of inorganic NO3 and NO2 in animal experiments display anti-diabetic properties; inorganic NO3 decreases fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and proinsulin to insulin ratio and improves glucose tolerance. In contrast to animal experiments, NO3/NO2 therapy has failed to show anti-diabetic properties and beneficial effects on glucose and insulin homeostasis in humans. This lost-i- -translation remains an open question, and long-term clinical trials are needed to confirm the salutary effects of inorganic NO3 and NO2 as the natural NO boosters in patients with T2D.
Clinical applications of frameless stereotactic devices in neurotology: preliminary report. (1995)

Conventional stereotactic surgery has been utilized primarily for intracranial neuro-surgical procedures. Despite their utility, head-frame systems are restrictive and often inconvenient, thus they have not proved applicable for neurotologic surgery. Recently frameless stereotactic navigational systems have been developed that employ three-dimensional digitizers to transform the coordinates in surgical space to the corresponding image space, without the employment of head frames. This allows the determination of position of a surgical instrument in real time during surgery, and its display on video-projected computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scanned images. This preliminary report focuses upon an optoelectric referenced frameless stereo-tactic system, the NeuroStation, as it relates to minimally invasive neurotologic surgery. Clinical applications, limitations, and future directions are discussed, and three representative surgical cases are presented. This device has potential as an adjunctive navigational tool for certain neurotologic procedures.
SAS kernel (2011)

This paper presents a novel paradigm of Streaming as a Service (SAS) to model correlated multi-streaming in Distributed Interactive Multimedia Environments. We propose SAS Kernel, a generic, distributed, and modular service kernel realizing SAS paradigm. SAS Kernel features high exibility by employing a configurable interface to allow for input of correlated multi-streams (bundle of streams) from diverse types of sensory devices. It is also highly extensible by allowing user-controlled functions to be applied to bundle of streams in runtime. Experiments with real-world applications demonstrate that the SAS Kernel incurs low overhead in delay, CPU, and bandwidth demands.
Zebrafish : a steganographic system (2002)

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
Design of a rectifier-free UHF Gen-2 compatible RFID Tag using RF-only logic (2016)

AC-DC rectifier and storage capacitors take up 25% or more of chip area for cost-sensitive passive RFID tags. In this work, we show that these components can be eliminated by utilizing a RF-only circuit structure. Therefore, the chip would be smaller and cheaper. RF-only logic permits digital operations to be performed from an AC, rather than DC, power supply. An UHF Gen-2 compatible RFID tag is designed using the RF-only logic. Powering and communication solutions in direct ASK carrier powered scenario are developed. RF front-end circuits are designed in RF-only fashion and a standard cell library of RF-only logic is developed and tailored for this application. The RFID tag is implemented in a 0.13 μm CMOS technology. The tag dimensions are 0.6 mm × 0.3 mm and its sensitivity is 0 dBm at RF amplitude of 500mV in simulation. The same methodology can be applied to enable lower RF amplitude implementations that trade off area for sensitivity.
A Validation Strategy for Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment in Pipeline Integrity Management (2004)

Public concern and pressure from regulatory bodies are accelerating the need for pipeline operators to formalize and intensify their approach to integrity management. There is a growing acceptance of risk-based approaches. Semi-quantitative methods are attractive since they make the most efficient use of data available. However the risk models have to be validated and customized to specific pipeline systems. The strategy to do this has to be based in a clear understanding of the specific risk methodology used and industry requirements of the risk assessments it produces. The paper describes a validation strategy that can be used when only sparse data are available and which can act as a framework to incorporate additional data from integrity assessments and operational experience as these become available.
Technical note: Viability and motility of vitrified/thawed primordial germ cell isolated from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) somite embryos1 (2011)

The feasibility of cryopreserving common carp (Cyprinus carpio) primordial germ cells (PGC) by vitrification of whole embryos at the 22- to 28-somite stage was investigated. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled PGC were cooled rapidly using liquid nitrogen after exposure to a pretreatment solution containing 1.5 M cryoprotectant (ethylene glycol or dimethyl sulfoxide, 30 or 50 min) and a vitrification solution containing 3 M cryoprotectant and 0.5 M sucrose (5, 10, 20, or 30 min). Embryonic cells that were pretreated for 30 min and vitrified for 20 min with ethylene glycol had the greatest rate of survival of embryonic cells (68.6%; P < 0.01), an optimal highest percentage of viable PGC (73.8 to 74.9%; P < 0.05), and no evidence of ice formation after thawing. The vitrified/thawed PGC were transplanted into blastula-stage embryos from goldfish (Carassius auratus). The PGC maintained their motility and moved to the gonadal ridge of the host embryo. Thus, the combination of vitrification and transplantation to produce germ-line chimeras is a powerful tool for the artificial production of next-generation offspring.
Placental Transmogrification of the Lung (2005)

From the *Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD; and †Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Baltimore, MD. Reprints: Katarzyna J. Macura, MD, PhD, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Bla B-179 RAD, Baltimore MD 21287 (e-mail: [email protected]).
Dissociation between Neuronal Activity in Sensorimotor Cortex and Hand Movement Revealed as a Function of Movement Rate (2012)

It is often assumed that similar behavior is generated by the same brain activity. However, this does not take into account the brain state or recent behavioral history and movement initiation or continuation may not be similarly generated in the brain. To study whether similar movements are generated by the same brain activity, we measured neuronal population activity during repeated movements. Three human subjects performed a motor repetition task in which they moved their hand at four different rates (0.3, 0.5, 1, and 2 Hz). From high-resolution electrocorticography arrays implanted on motor and sensory cortex, high-frequency power (65-95 Hz) was extracted as a measure of neuronal population activity. During the two faster movement rates, high-frequency power was significantly suppressed, whereas movement parameters remained highly similar. This suppression was nonlinear: after the initial movement, neuronal population activity was reduced most strongly, and the data fit a model in which a fast decline rapidly converged to saturation. The amplitude of the beta-band suppression did not change with different rates. However, at the faster rates, beta power did not return to baseline between movements but remained suppressed. We take these findings to indicate that the extended beta suppression at the faster rates, which may suggest a release of inhibition in motor cortex, facilitates movement initiation. These results show that the relationship between behavior and neuronal activity is not consistent: recent movement influences the state of motor cortex and facilitates next movements by reducing the required level of neuronal activity.
Cognitive Workload and Sleep Restriction Interact to Influence Sleep Homeostatic Responses (2014)

High cognitive workload delayed sleep onset, but it also promoted sleep homeostatic responses by increasing subjective fatigue and sleepiness, and producing a global sleep homeostatic response by reducing wake after sleep onset. When combined with sleep restriction, high workload increased local (occipital) sleep homeostasis, suggesting a use-dependent sleep response to visual work. We conclude that sleep restriction and cognitive workload interact to influence sleep homeostasis.