gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Axis switching and spreading of an asymmetric jet: the role of coherent structure dynamics (1996)

The effects of vortex generators and periodic excitation on vorticity dynamics and the phenomenon of axis switching in a free asymmetric jet are studied experimentally. Most of the data reported are for a 3:1 rectangular jet at a Reynolds number of 450 000 and a Mach number of 0.31. The vortex generators are in the form of ‘delta tabs’, triangular-shaped protrusions into the flow, placed at the nozzle exit. With suitable placement of the tabs, axis switching could be either stopped or augmented. Two mechanisms are identified governing the phenomenon. One, as described by previous researchers, is due to the difference in induced velocities for different segments of a rolled-up azimuthal vortical structure. The other is due to the induced velocities of streamwise vortex pairs in the flow. While the former mechanism, referred to here as the ω θ - dynamics , is responsible for a rapid axis switching in periodically forced jets, e.g. screeching supersonic jets, the effect of the tabs is governed mainly by the latter mechanism, referred to as the ω x - dynamics . Both dynamics can be active in a natural asymmetric jet; the tendency for axis switching caused by the ω θ -dynamics may be, depending on the streamwise vorticity distribution, either resisted or enhanced by the ω x -dynamics. While this simple framework qualitatively explains the various observations made on axis switching, mechanisms actually in play may be much more complex. The two dynamics are not independent as the flow field is replete with both azimuthal and streamwise vortical structures which continually interact. Phase-averaged measurements for a periodically forced case, over a volume of the flow field, are carried out in an effort to gain insight into the dynamics of these vortical structures. The results are used to examine such processes as the reorientation of the azimuthal vortices, the resultant evolution of streamwise vortex pairs, as well as the redistribution of streamwise vortices originating from secondary flow within the nozzle.
Communication: Competition between π⋯π interaction and halogen bond in solution: A combined 13C NMR and density functional theory study (2012)

Competition between π⋯π interaction and halogen bond in solution has been investigated by using carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) combined with density functional theory calculation. Both experimental and theoretical results clearly show that there are no C–Cl⋯π or C–Br⋯π halogen bonds and only the π⋯π interactions exist in the binary liquid mixtures of C6D6 with C6F5Cl and C6F5Br, respectively. The case is totally different for the binary liquid mixtures of C6D6 with C6F5I in which the C–I⋯π halogen bonds not the π⋯π interactions are present. The important role of entropy in the competition between π⋯π interaction and halogen bond in solution was also discussed.
Closed-form solution for minimizing power consumption in coordinated transmissions (2012)

The growth in the demand of energy, and its consequent contribution to the greenhouse effect, gives rise to new challenges in the design of future wireless networks. Keeping in mind these requirements, in this article we study the power allocation problem in the downlink of an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, where two (or more) coordinated transmission points (CTPs) should find the best way to allocate their transmit power through the multiple orthogonal sub-channels of the system. The ultimate goal of the power allocation scheme is to minimize the joint power consumption of the system, but verifying at the same time the target throughput and the individual power constraint per CTP. The power allocation problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, and a group of closed-form power allocation solutions are derived. Based on the derived solutions (that take the form of the traditional water-filling but demanding cooperation among CTPs), a novel power allocation algorithm with joint minimization power consumption (JMPC-PA) is proposed. Numerical results are presented to verify the optimality of the results that were obtained by the JMPC-PA scheme. It is important to note that, due to the flexibility that exist in the definition of CTPs in this article, the derived power allocation scheme is valid for any kind of network that incorporates the coordinated multipoint transmission feature in its design.
Kinetics and mechanisms of ligand exchange, substitution, and isomerization of Me2SO-amino acid complexes of platinum(II): evidence for a pseudorotation mechanism (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanisms of ligand exchange, substitution, and isomerization of Me2SO-amino acid complexes of platinum(II): evidence for a pseudorotation mechanismLuther E. Erickson, T. A. Ferrett, and L. F. BuhseCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 10, 1461–1467Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00152a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00152a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vibrational Lifetimes and Isotope Effects of Interstitial Oxygen in Silicon and Germanium (2004)

Decay dynamics of local vibrational modes provides unique information about energy relaxation processes to solid-state phonon bath. In this Letter the lifetimes of the asymmetric stretch mode of interstitial 16O and 17O isotopes in Si are measured at 10 K directly by time-resolved, transient bleaching spectroscopy to be 11.5 and 4.5 ps, respectively. A calculation of the three-phonon density of states shows that the 17O mode lies in the highest phonon density resulting in the shortest lifetime. The lifetime of the 16O mode in Ge is measured to be 125 ps, i.e., approximately 10 times longer than in Si. The interaction between the local modes and the lattice vibrations is discussed according to the activity of phonon combinations.
Microvascular Vasomotion: Origin of Laser Doppler Flux Motion (1994)

Intravital microscopy and laser Doppler fluxmetry (LDF) were used to assess vasomotion and flux motion in skeletal muscle microcirculation. To clarify the relation between vessel type and LDF signals, arterioles, capillaries, and venules were sequentially studied. We used as an experimental model the hamster skin fold window preparation to record vasomotion and flux motion under control conditions and after injection of an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, since terminal arterioles appear to be subserved primarily by alpha 2-adrenoceptors. LDF signals were characterized by using an autoregressive modeling power spectrum technique. This analysis indicated that the flux motion fundamental frequency of terminal arterioles coincided with order 2 arteriole vasomotion fundamental frequency. The LDF fundamental frequency of order 3 arterioles was synchronous with the vasomotion frequency in the same-order vessels. The LDF fundamental frequency of order 3 venules corresponded to the frequency component coincident with the respiratory rate. The pattern of LDF oscillations was peculiar for each type of vessels, and the total power was greater in larger arterioles than in venules. Yohimbine reduced frequency and amplitude of vasomotion and flux motion in terminal arterioles, but it was possible to detect LDF oscillatory patterns due to the activity of parent vessels with a low frequency. In conclusion, the flux motion is fundamentally dependent on the type of vessel from which it originates and is directly related to the vasomotion of the arterioles.
Photopolymerization studies using visible light photoinitiators (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotopolymerization studies using visible light photoinitiatorsO. Valdes-Aguilera, C. P. Pathak, J. Shi, D. Watson, and D. C. NeckersCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 2, 541–547Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00028a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1238Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (828 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The development of third molar impaction and its prevention. (1981)

The healing of bone defect in eight adult rabbits was studied. The age range of animals was 5-23 months. The bone defects were made symmetrically in the inferior surface of the mandibles. At the defect site the root surface of continuously erupting mandibular incisors was exposed. On the left side, the bone defect was covered with a local periosteal flap (control side) and on the right side the defect was covered with a free periosteal graft from the tibia (test side). The healing of bone defects and the amount of new bone were studied. The quality of the bone formed was investigated histologically. The findings of this investigation led to the following conclusions: (1) The bone defects healed on both sides. The amount of bone on the control side was identical to that in the anatomical region. On the test side the amount of bone formed was in seven cases two to threefold that formed on the control side. (2) The histological study proved that the bone formed was lamellar bone, being identical on both the control and the test side. (3) The ages of the animals or the length of follow-up time did not affect the amount of new bone, the healing of the defect or the quality of new bone. (4) The eruption of the incisors was symmetrical. In this study the free periosteal graft from the tibia led to better bone formation than the local periosteal flap in the induced bone defects of the tooth-bearing region in the mandible of the adult rabbit.
Influence of tumor-conditioned medium on hypoxia-mediated inhibition of growth and survival of endothelial cells (2006)

2797 The hypoxic microenvironment of solid tumors is associated with malignant progression and it renders tumors more resistant to cancer therapies. Endothelial cell damage may occur following hypoxic conditions and lead to dysfunction; however, endothelial cells in tumors survive hypoxic conditions providing nutrients and oxygen to facilitate tumor growth. In this study, we investigated the effects of tumor-conditioned medium on hypoxia-induced changes in endothelial cell growth, migration and survival. Tumor conditioned medium collected from hypoxic or normoxic human glioblastoma tumor cells were applied to endothelial cultures in normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Cell survival and viability were assessed by the colony formation assay. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry and migration was measured by spheroid and wound-induced migration assays. Endothelial cells were stained for nucleus morphology with Hoechst 33342 dye and for intracellular active caspase-3 with western blotting. Changes in gene expression were determined by RT-PCR and quantified by real-time PCR for VEGF, VEGFR2, uPA, and uPAR gene transcripts. MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion was evaluated by zymography. In capillary-like structure formation studies, endothelial cells were seeded into matrigel and then exposed to hypoxia. Hypoxia caused a reduction in clonogenic cell survival response and growth arrest at the G0-G1 phases of the cell cycle in endothelial cells. Hypoxia compared with normoxia significantly reduced the number of migrating endothelial cells. Nuclear staining with dye and caspase-3 activation in endothelial cells showed that hypoxia-induced apoptosis involves caspase-dependent mechanisms. Exposure to hypoxia caused a decrease in gene expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, uPA, and uPAR in endothelial cells. Furthermore, hypoxia showed a strong inhibition of capillary tube formation on Matrigel, and a decrease in MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion by endothelial cells. Tumor conditioned medium enhanced survival and rescued endothelial cells from apoptosis induced by hypoxia. These molecular changes in endothelial cells could, in part, contribute to the angiogenic response that occurs in the development of hypoxic neovascularization in solid tumors.
Boron compounds as a dominant source of alpha particles in semiconductor devices (1995)

The interaction of cosmic ray neutrons and boron is demonstrated as the dominant source of alpha particles and other radiations in electronic devices utilizing borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG). A simple process modification is proposed to significantly reduce this intense source of ionizing radiation without compromising the reflow and passivation properties of BPSG.
Resilient Modulus of Clay Subgrades Stabilized with Lime, Class C Fly Ash, and Cement Kiln Dust for Pavement Design (2010)

The effects of different percentages of one traditional additive—hydrated lime—and two by-products—Class C fly ash (CFA) and cement kiln dust (CKD)—on the resilient modulus (M r ) of four different clay subgrades were investigated. It was found that at lower application rates (3% to 6%), the lime-stabilized soil specimens showed highest enhancement in the M r values. At higher application rates (10% to 15%), however, CKD treatment provided maximum improvements. Three log-log and one semi-log stress-based models were evaluated. Validation of selected models was conducted by using additional soil data. Overall, a semi-log deviatoric and confining stress model was found to show the best acceptable performance. Additional analyses were performed to develop correlations of M r with compacted specimen characteristics and soil and additive properties. To illustrate the application of the semi-log model, the AASHTO flexible pavement design methodology was used to design asphalt concrete pavement sections.
Applications of PureB and PureGaB ultrashallow junction technologies (2012)

A review is given of present and potential applications of pure dopant deposition of boron and gallium integrated as the p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -region in p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> n ultrashallow junctions. Pure B (PureB) layers have been applied in several large area Si diode applications where nm-shallow junctions are required: high-linearity, high-quality varactor diodes for RF adaptive circuits and photodiode detectors for low-penetration-depth beams such as extreme/ vacuum/deep-ultraviolet (EUV, VUV, DUV) light and low-energy electrons. The integration of these types of detectors in CMOS is discussed along with some points that may make the pure dopant depositions attractive for source/drain fabrication in advanced pMOS transistors. Pure Ga capped with pure B (PureGaB) layers have been demonstrated as the p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -region in p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> n Ge-on-Si diodes that are sensitive to infrared wavelengths (> 1 μm) both in avalanche and Geiger mode.
Hydrogen-Rich Water and Lactulose Protect Against Growth Suppression and Oxidative Stress in Female Piglets Fed Fusarium Toxins Contaminated Diets (2018)

The objective of the current experiment was to evaluate whether hydrogen-rich water (HRW) or lactulose (LAC) could protect against the adverse effects of <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins-contaminated diet on the growth performance and antioxidant status in weaning piglets. A total of 24 individually housed female piglets were randomly assigned to receive four treatments for 25 days (six pigs/treatment): uncontaminated basal diet (negative control), mycotoxin-contaminated (MC) diet, MC diet + HRW (MC + HRW) and MC diet + LAC (MC + LAC). The plasma hydrogen levels before and after 2 h hydrogen-free water/HRW administration were detected at day 21, and the liver hydrogen levels were detected at the end of the experiment. Serum hormones related to appetite regulation, and serum and liver oxidant and antioxidant status were also measured at the end of the experiment. Results showed that both HRW and LAC treatments significantly attenuated the reduction of average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) caused by <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins. LAC administration increased the hydrogen concentrations in plasma and liver. HRW treated group had higher plasma hydrogen levels than the MC group. Compared with the NC group, the MC group had significantly increased serum peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK) levels. Interestingly, both HRW and LAC administrations had a lower reduced serum PYY and CKK levels. Most importantly, oral administration of HRW and LAC attenuated the <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins-induced oxidative stress. In conclusion, oral administration of hydrogen-rich water or lactulose could both protect against the growth reduction and oxidative damage caused by <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins.
Effect of various operating parameters on the oxidative coupling of methane over Na2 WO4Mn/SiO2 catalyst with N2O as an oxidant (2014)

Methane (CH4), as the major component of natural gas, can be converted into more valuable chemicals through various catalytic methods. One route for direct conversion of CH4 into higher hydrocarbons, especially ethylene (C2H4), is catalytic oxidative coupling of methane (OCM). The major challenge with OCM is the relatively low yields of obtained C2+, leading to the production of COx especially at higher levels of CH4 conversion. In this research, the feasibility of OCM over Na2WO4Mn/SiO2 catalyst with nitrous oxide (N2O) oxidant under varying experimental conditions is investigated. The effect of various parameters like temperature, initial catalyst surface area, gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and N2O/CH4 ratio in feed stream were studied with the aim of obtaining the maximum overall C2+ selectivity and yield. Results demonstrate that higher C2+ yields can be obtained by increasing the N2O/CH4 ratio. Complex dependence of C2+ yield from initial catalyst surface area, GHSV and oxidant concentration was observed. At highest oxidant concentration, the catalyst with initial lower surface area has higher C2+ yield. However, by decreasing the N2O/CH4 ratio, the catalyst with initial higher surface area shows a higher yield. Over the catalyst with initial BET surface area=0.5m2/g, the C2+ yield=12.5% and selectivity=32.5% was obtained (Temperature=870 C, GHSV=14000hr-1 and N2O/CH4 ratio=2/1).
Sand Injectites: Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production (2006)

Sand injectites are described in scientific literature as an increasingly common occurrence in hydrocarbon reservoirs, in particular in deep-water clastic systems, where they are known to influence reserves distribution and recovery. Seismically-detectable injected sand bodies constitute targets for exploration and development wells and, subseismic sand bodies provide excellent intra-reservoir flow units that create field-wide vertical communication through depositionally extensive, low-permeability units. As sand injectites form permeable conduits in otherwise low-permeability units they facilitate the expulsion of basinal fluids; hence they act both as a seal risk and mitigate timing and rate of hydrocarbon migration. Injected sand bodies form intrusive traps, which are distinct from structural or stratigraphic traps. Included in this publication are 10 chapters on subsurface examination of sand injectites, 1 chapter on theoretical considerations, and 13 outcrop analogs in reservoirs across the world. Captured in this volume is at least a taste of the global and stratigraphic distribution of sand injectites, and an attempt to introduce readers to sand injectites and their significance in the context of hydrocarbon exploration and production. The book is not intended as a complete review of the field-based literature, but emphasizes high quality case studies from the surface and subsurface. The geographic scope of the book is large, and illustrates the diversity of geological settings in which these fascinating and economically significant features are found.
SymCall (2011)

Symbiotic virtualization is a new approach to system virtualization in which a guest OS targets the native hardware interface as in full system virtualization, but also optionally exposes a software interface that can be used by a VMM, if present, to increase performance and functionality. Neither the VMM nor the OS needs to support the symbiotic virtualization interface to function together, but if both do, both benefit. We describe the design and implementation of the SymCall symbiotic virtualization interface in our publicly available Palacios VMM for modern x86 machines. SymCall makes it possible for Palacios to make clean synchronous upcalls into a symbiotic guest, much like system calls. One use of symcalls is to allow synchronous collection of semantically rich guest data during exit handling in order to enable new VMM features. We describe the implementation of SwapBypass, a VMM service based on SymCall that reconsiders swap decisions made by a symbiotic Linux guest. Finally, we present a detailed performance evaluation of both SwapBypass and SymCall.
Non-volatile storage for mobile phones (2003)

The demands made on non-volatile storage systems in mobile phones are changing. in the past, just a few of kilobytes of storage was needed for a message archive, simple address book and other low data usage applications. Today&apos;s smart phones require anything from just a few megabytes to tens of megabytes of memory. With the increased demand for fast, reliable and high capacity on-board memory in today&apos;s 2.5G-3G handsets, and with size and cost limitations becoming ever more critical, NAND flash and chip-based disks in particular are emerging as important technologies in on-board non-volatile storage solutions. The introduction of MLC NAND is a clear indication of the cost and size advantages of NAND over NOR are here to stay for quite some time. However, NOR flash will remain a key player in the voice-centric handset segment and may also have a place in other mobile applications.