gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finite Difference Heat Exchanger Model: Flow Maldistribution with Thermal Coupling (2020)

Channels not receiving the same amount of flow (flow maldistribution) is an important effectiveness loss for high effectiveness heat exchangers. This paper develops a finite difference model of a counter flow heat exchanger. It reproduced the simple NTU result for two channels exactly. For more than two channels, there is an edge effect, and the model agreed within 0.1% of the literature. Perfect agreement was achieved for a simple flow maldistribution case. For independent pairs of hot and cold channels, as flow rate is reduced, the effectiveness asymptotically approaches the irregularity parameter (a measure of channel flow maldistribution). With thermal coupling between pairs of channels (measured by an equivalent Peclet number), effectiveness continues to increase with decreasing flow rate. These results hold for uncorrelated flow maldistribution on both sides or no flow maldistribution on one side. However, when flow maldistribution is positively correlated, effectiveness is higher; and, when it is negatively correlated, effectiveness is lower. A number of resulting graphs illustrate the effectiveness for each channel with different flow rate and correlation. While one exemplary application is a polymer expanded microchannel heat exchanger, the model could be used for other heat exchangers.
The role of m-phenylenebismaleimide (BMI) in reactive processing of poly(propylene)/magnesium hydroxide composites, 3. Analysis of interphase structure development (2000)

In the first and second parts of this series, the effect of m-phenylenebismaleimide (BMI), processing temperature and a lubricant (a fatty acid ester/amide blend) on the mechanical and rheological properties of poly(propylene) (PP)/magnesium hydroxide composites was investigated. The third part focuses on interactions between BMI and the magnesium hydroxide and between the BMI and PP matrix. It has been shown that interaction between BMI and the filler is via an amide carboxylate together with possible polymerisation at the filler surface. Interaction of BMI with the PP matrix is via addition of PP macro-radicals, produced via thermo-mechanical degradation, to the maleimide alkenes of BMI. Greater crosslink density in the interphase region than in the bulk matrix is considered to result in a reduction of crystallinity within this region. This is manifested as a significant improvement in composite toughness relative to the equivalent unmodified composite.
Rightnow eservice center: internet customer service using a self-learning knowledge base (2002)

Delivering effective customer service via the Internet requires attention to many aspects of knowledge management if it is to be convenient and satisfying for customers, while at the same time efficient and economical for the company or other organization. In RightNow eService Center, such management is enabled by automatically gathering meta-knowledge about the Answer documents held in the core knowledge base. A variety of AI techniques are used to facilitate the construction, maintenance, and navigation of the knowledge base. These include collaborative filtering, swarm intelligence, fuzzy logic, natural language processing, text clustering, and classification rule learning. Customers using eService Center report dramatic decreases in support costs and increases in customer satisfaction due to the ease of use provided by the self-learning features of the knowledge base.
Comparison between Control Methods of Active Clamp Flyback for Adaptor Application (2018)

High efficiency and high switching frequency are the key points for the miniaturization of the power adapter. The ACF (Active Clamp Flyback) can achieve ZVS (zero voltage switching) and recycle the leakage energy at all load and line conditions. This paper presents the comparison between the ACF with the complementary control mode and the ACF with the non-complementary control mode. Key differences between the two control modes at all load and line conditions are analyzed. Performances of the ACF with the two control modes are verified on a sample of prototype adaptor with 65W (19.5V, 3.33A) output.
Listeria monocytogenes adapts to long-term stationary phase survival without compromising bacterial virulence (2011)

Bacteria withstand starvation during long-term stationary phase through the acquisition of mutations that increase bacterial fitness. The evolution of the growth advantage in stationary phase (GASP) phenotype results in the ability of bacteria from an aged culture to outcompete bacteria from a younger culture when the two are mixed together. The GASP phenotype was first described for Escherichia coli, but has not been examined for an environmental bacterial pathogen, which must balance long-term survival strategies that promote fitness in the outside environment with those that promote fitness within the host. Listeria monocytogenes is an environmental bacterium that lives as a saprophyte in soil, but is capable of replicating within the cytosol of mammalian cells. Herein, we demonstrate the ability of L. monocytogenes to express GASP via the acquisition of mutations during long-term stationary growth. Listeria monocytogenes GASP occurred through mechanisms that were both dependent and independent of the stress-responsive alternative sigma factor SigB. Constitutive activation of the central virulence transcriptional regulator PrfA interfered with the development of GASP; however, L. monocytogenes GASP cultures retained full virulence in mice. These results indicate that L. monocytogenes can accrue mutations that optimize fitness during long-term stationary growth without negatively impacting virulence.
Reduced Thrombus Formation by Hyaluronic Acid Coating of Endovascular Devices (2000)

Biocompatible stent coatings may alleviate problems of increased (sub)acute thrombosis after stent implantation. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a ubiquitous, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan, inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation and prolongs bleeding when administered systemically. However, the effects of immobilized HA for reducing stent platelet deposition in vivo are unknown. We therefore quantified the antithrombotic effects of coating stainless steel stents and tubes with HA using an established baboon thrombosis model under physiologically relevant blood flow conditions. HA-coated and uncoated (control) stents (3.5 mm in diameter, n=32) and stainless steel tubes (4.0 mm in diameter, n=18) were deployed into exteriorized arteriovenous shunts of conscious, nonanticoagulated baboons. Accumulation of (111)In-radiolabeled platelets was quantified by continuous gamma-camera imaging during a 2-hour blood exposure period. HA coating resulted in a significant reduction in platelet deposition in long (4 cm) tubes (0.24+/-0.15 x 10(9) versus 6.12+/-0.49 x 10(9) platelets; P<0.03), short (2 cm) stainless steel tubes (0.18+/-0.06 x 10(9) versus 3.03+/-0.56 x 10(9) platelets; P<0.008), and stents (0.82+/-0.20 x 10(9) versus 1.83+/-0. 23 x 10(9) platelets; P<0.02) compared with uncoated control devices. Thus, HA coating reduces platelet thrombus formation on stainless steel stents and tubes in primate thrombosis models. These results indicate that immobilized HA may represent an attractive strategy for improving the thromboresistance of endovascular devices.
Identification of Novel Proteins in Neospora caninum Using an Organelle Purification and Monoclonal Antibody Approach (2011)

Neospora caninum is an important veterinary pathogen that causes abortion in cattle and neuromuscular disease in dogs. Neospora has also generated substantial interest because it is an extremely close relative of the human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, yet does not appear to infect humans. While for Toxoplasma there are a wide array of molecular tools and reagents available for experimental investigation, relatively few reagents exist for Neospora. To investigate the unique biological features of this parasite and exploit the recent sequencing of its genome, we have used an organelle isolation and monoclonal antibody approach to identify novel organellar proteins and develop a wide array of probes for subcellular localization. We raised a panel of forty-six monoclonal antibodies that detect proteins from the rhoptries, micronemes, dense granules, inner membrane complex, apicoplast, mitochondrion and parasite surface. A subset of the proteins was identified by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry and reveal that we have identified and localized many of the key proteins involved in invasion and host interaction in Neospora. In addition, we identified novel secretory proteins not previously studied in any apicomplexan parasite. Thus, this organellar monoclonal antibody approach not only greatly enhances the tools available for Neospora cell biology, but also identifies novel components of the unique biological characteristics of this important veterinary pathogen.
AC–AC Power Converters (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are AC‐TO‐AC Converters with an Intermediate DC Link Cycloconverter Matrix Converter Static AC Voltage Regulators and Phase Shifters
Truncated transparent boundary conditions (2016)

We derive equations for evaluating differential operators in transparent boundary conditions (TBCs) for a certain class of hyperbolic systems of second-order equations. This local part of TBCs can be used as approximate nonreflecting boundary conditions. We give examples of obtaining such truncated TBCs for 3D elasticity and Biot poroelasticity
Getting closer (2011)

Much research in ubiquitous computing assumes that a user's phone will be always on and at-hand, for collecting user context and for communicating with a user. Previous work with the previous generation of mobile phones has shown that such an assumption is false. Here, we investigate whether this assumption about users' proximity to their mobile phones holds for a new generation of mobile phones, smart phones. We conduct a data collection field study of 28 smart phone owners over a period of 4 weeks. We show that in fact this assumption is still false, with the within arm's reach proximity being true close to 50% of the time, similar to the earlier work. However, we also show that smart phone proximity within the same room (arm+room) as the user is true almost 90% of the time. We discuss the reasons for these phone proximities and the implications of this on the development of mobile phone applications, particularly those that collect user and environmental context, and delivering notification to users. We also show that we can accurately predict the proximity at the arm level and arm+room level with 75 and 83% accuracy, respectively, with features simple to collect and model on a mobile phone. Further we show that for several individuals who are almost always within the arm+room level, we can predict this level with over 90% accuracy.
Field Investigation of Aboveground Techniques for Detecting Coating Anomalies (2006)

Abstract Aboveground coating condition surveys were conducted at several locations on a pipeline scheduled for rehabilitation. The methods included direct current voltage gradient (DCVG), alternating current voltage gradient (ACVG), and pipeline current mapper (PCM). The results of the surveys were compared with visual examinations of the coating condition after excavation of the pipelines. The overall objective was to determine the limitations/resolution of equipment typically used for modern aboveground ECDA work with respect to locating holidays and disbondments in the common coatings with varying spatial relationships and geometrical configuration. The results showed that DCVG and ACVG provided comparable data and were able to locate individual defects quite accurately, while PCM was able to locate large areas of disbondment but could not accurately size and orient the defect.
The immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1 is upregulated in EMT-activated human breast cancer cells by a mechanism involving ZEB-1 and miR-200 (2017)

PD-L1 expression and regulation by mesenchymal tumor cells remain largely undefined. Here, we report that among different EMT-activated MCF7 human breast cancer cell clones, PD-L1 was differentially upregulated in MCF7 sh-WISP2, MCF7-1001/2101, and MDA-MB-231 cells but not in MCF7 SNAI1 and MCF7 SNAI1-6SA cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that siRNA silencing of ZEB-1, but not SNAI1, TWIST, or SLUG and overexpression of miR200 family members in MCF7 sh-WISP2 cells strongly decreased PD-L1 expression. Thus, we propose that PD-L1 expression in EMT-activated breast cancer cells depends on the EMT-TF involved in EMT activation. Interestingly, siRNA-mediated targeting of PD-L1 or antibody-mediated PD-L1 block restored the susceptibility of highly resistant MCF7 sh-WISP2 and MCF7-2101 cells to CTL-mediated killing. Additionally, these results provide a novel preclinical rationale to explore EMT inhibitors as adjuvants to boost immunotherapeutic responses in subgroups of patients in whom malignant progression is driven by different EMT-TFs.
New Phosphorylation Sites Identified in Hyperphosphorylated Tau (Paired Helical Filament‐Tau) from Alzheimer's Disease Brain Using Nanoelectrospray Mass Spectrometry (1998)

Paired helical filaments (PHFs) are the structural constituents of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease and are composed of hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau (PHF-tau). Pathological hyperphosphorylation of tau is believed to be an important contributor to the destabilisation of microtubules and their subsequent disappearance from tangle-bearing neurons in Alzheimer's disease, making elucidation of the mechanisms that regulate tau phosphorylation an important research goal. Thus, it is essential to identify, preferably by direct sequencing, all of the sites in PHF-tau that are phosphorylated, a task that is incomplete because of the difficulty to date of purifying insoluble PHF-tau to homogeneity and in sufficient quantities for structural analysis. Here we describe the solubilisation of PHF-tau followed by its purification by Mono Q chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC. Phosphopeptides from proteolytically digested PHF-tau were sequenced by nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry. We identified 22 phosphorylation sites in PHF-tau, including five sites not previously identified. The combination of our new data with previous reports shows that PHF-tau can be phosphorylated on at least 25 different sites.
Le test de réactions et d'adaptation au collégial (T.R.A.C.) / (1990)

Les deux parties du volume sont présentées tête-bêche.
Real-time observation of DNA recognition and rejection by the RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 (2016)

Binding specificity of Cas9-guide RNA complexes to DNA is important for genome engineering applications, but how mismatches influence target recognition and rejection kinetics is not well understood. We used single-molecule FRET to probe real-time interactions between Cas9-RNA and DNA targets. The bimolecular association rate is only weakly dependent on sequence, but the dissociation rate greatly increases from &lt; 0.006 s -1 to &gt; 2 s -1 upon introduction of mismatches proximal to the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), demonstrating that mismatches encountered early during heteroduplex formation induce rapid rejection of off-target DNA. In contrast, PAM-distal mismatches up to 12 base pairs in length, which prevent DNA cleavage, still allow the formation of a stable complex (off-rate &lt; 0.006 s -1 ), suggesting that extremely slow rejection could sequester Cas9-RNA, increasing the Cas9 expression level necessary for genome editing thereby aggravating off-target effects. We also observed at least two different bound FRET states that may represent distinct steps in target search and proofreading.
Differential Activation of Colonic Afferents and Dorsal Horn Neurons Underlie Stress-Induced and Comorbid Visceral Hypersensitivity in Female Rats (2021)

Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and temporomandibular disorder (TMD), represent a group of idiopathic pain conditions that likely have peripheral and central mechanisms contributing to their pathology, but are poorly understood. These conditions are exacerbated by stress and have a female predominance. The presence of one condition predicts the presence or development of additional conditions, making this a significant pain management problem. The current study was designed to determine if the duration and magnitude of peripheral sensitization and spinal central sensitization differs between restraint stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity (SIH) and chronic comorbid pain hypersensitivity (CPH; stress during pre-existing orofacial pain). SIH in female rats, as determined by the visceromotor response, persisted at least four but resolved by seven weeks. In contrast, CPH persisted at least seven weeks. Surprisingly, colonic afferents in both SIH and CPH rats were sensitized at seven weeks. CPH rats also had referred pain through seven weeks, but locally anesthetizing the colon only attenuated the referred pain through four weeks, suggesting a transition to colonic afferent independent central sensitization. Different phenotypes of dorsal horn neurons were sensitized in the CPH rats seven weeks post stress compared to four weeks or SIH rats. The current study suggests differential processing of colonic afferent input to the lumbosacral spinal cord contributes to visceral hypersensitivity during comorbid chronic pain conditions. PERSPECTIVE: Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions represent a unique challenge in pain management. The diverse nature of peripheral organs hinders a clear understanding of underlying mechanisms accounting for the comorbidity. This study highlights a mismatch between the condition-dependent behavior and peripheral and spinal mechanisms that contribute to visceral pain hypersensitivity.
SU‐E‐J‐11: Characterization of Interfractioanal Anatomical Variations in Post‐Operative Radiation Therapy for Prostate Bed (2012)

Large interfractional changes in organ volumes, shapes and positions are seen in post-operative RT for prostate bed. These changes cannot be accounted for by the current standard practice of IGRT repositioning. This work is supported partially by MCW Cancer Center Fotsch Foundation.
NB-IoTtalk: A Service Platform for Fast Development of NB-IoT Applications (2018)

Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is considered as a promising wireless communications technology for Internet of Things (IoT) especially for the outdoor environment. Many outdoor IoT applications involve large numbers of homogeneous NB-IoT devices. It is tedious to specify and accommodate these devices during application development. To resolve this issue, this paper proposes a service platform for fast development of NB-IoT applications called NB-IoTtalk. This platform utilizes a tag mechanism to provide an easy-to-manipulate graphical user interface to accommodate a large number of NB-IoT devices in an application and transparently show them in a visual map. Our approach automatically creates and parses the device profile used to interpret the payload of an NB-IoT message. We then use a smart parking lot application as an example to investigate the event-triggered reporting of NB-IoT in terms of the time-to-live (TTL) report frequency and the outage detection accuracy. This paper provides the guidelines to set the TTL interval for event-triggered NB-IoT applications.
P833 HSV-2 serostatus and HPV incidence, persistence, and precancerous lesions in a cohort of HPV-vaccinated women living with HIV (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> In understanding HPV oncogenesis, several co-factors have been proposed including co-infection with HSV-2. We assessed the relationship between HSV-2 serostatus and HPV-related outcomes in a cohort of quadrivalent HPV-vaccinated women living with HIV (WLWH). <h3>Methods</h3> In this multi-site study of immunogenicity and efficacy of the qHPV vaccine in WLWH, three doses of qHPV vaccine were offered. Visits were at months -3, 0, 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, and annually thereafter. Participants provided clinical data and cervico-vaginal swabs for HPV DNA detection (Linear array assay) at each visit; baseline serum was tested for HSV-2 type-specific serology (Focus EIA). We used non-parametric statistics to compare the HPV-related outcomes (including 37 high and low-risk HPV types) according to HSV-2 serostatus. <h3>Results</h3> 151 women aged ≥16 provided baseline serum samples for HSV-2 testing. The predominant regions of origin were Canada (51%) and Africa (30%). At baseline, median age was 39 years (IQR: 34–45), median CD4 count was 500 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> (IQR: 382–692), and 70% had an HIV viral load &lt;50 copies/mL. Baseline seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 76.2%, and median years of follow-up was similar for HSV-2 positive (6, IQR: 5.0–7.8) and negative (6, IQR: 5.2–7.9) participants. HSV-2 positivity was significantly associated with increased age. HSV-2 seropositive and seronegative participants had similar frequencies of HPV persistence (86/115 vs 27/36, p=1), clearance of incident HPV infections (88/115 vs 26/36, p=0.8), number of HPV types detected during the study (4.5 vs 5.7, p=0.1), HSIL cytology during the study (11/115 vs 2/36, p=0.7), and CIN2+ histology ever (15/115 vs 5/36, p=1). Results were similar in sensitivity analyses in which HSV-2 seropositivity was defined as an index value ≥3.5. <h3>Conclusion</h3> HSV-2 seropositivity was common in this cohort of WLWH in Canada, but was not associated with multiple measures of HPV incidence, persistence, and precancerous lesions. <h3>Disclosure</h3> No significant relationships.
Registration of ‘NE10589’ (Husker Genetics Brand Ruth) hard red winter wheat (2020)

Abstract With climate variation common in the U.S. Great Plains and particularly in Nebraska, wheat growers prefer broadly adapted cultivars. ‘NE10589’ (Reg. no. CV‐1165, PI 675998) hard red winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) was developed cooperatively by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA–ARS and released in January 2015 by the developing institutions. NE10589 was released primarily as a broadly adapted semi‐dwarf cultivar for its superior performance under rainfed conditions throughout Nebraska and adjacent areas of the Great Plains. Its broad adaptation ensures that it will perform well under the typical environmental fluctuations that occur in Nebraska. NE10589 was selected from the cross ‘OK98697’/‘Jagalene’//‘Camelot’, where the pedigree of OK98697 is ‘TAM 200’/‘HBB313E’//‘2158’. The F 2 to F 3 generations were advanced using the bulk breeding method at the Eastern Nebraska Research and Extension Center near Mead, NE, in 2006–2007. In 2007–2008, single F 3:4 head rows were grown for selection. There was no further selection within the line thereafter. The F 3:5 was evaluated as a single four‐row plot at Lincoln, NE, and a single row at Mead, NE, in 2009. In 2010, it was assigned the experimental line number NE10589. NE10589 was evaluated in replicated trials thereafter. It has excellent winter survival, acceptable disease reactions to many of the common diseases in its target area, and acceptable end‐use quality for bread making.