gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secure Position-Based Routing for VANETs (2007)

Vehicular communication (VC) systems have the potential to improve road safety and driving comfort. Nevertheless, securing the operation is a prerequisite for deployment. So far, the security of VC applications has mostly drawn the attention of research efforts, while comprehensive solutions to protect the network operation have not been developed. In this paper, we address this problem: we provide a scheme that secures geographic position-based routing, which has been widely accepted as the appropriate one for VC. Moreover, we focus on the scheme currently chosen and evaluated in the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Car2Car</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Communication</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Consortium</i> (C2C-CC). We integrate security mechanisms to protect the position-based routing functionality and services (beaconing, multi-hop forwarding, and geo-location discovery), and enhance the network robustness. We propose defense mechanisms, relying both on cryptographic primitives and plausibility checks mitigating false position injection. Our implementation and initial measurements show that the security overhead is low and the proposed scheme deployable.
441. Stable Oligo-to Polyclonal Hematopoiesis without Clonal Exhaustion Following Extended Reduced Intensity Selection of MGMT-P140K Expressing Murine Repopulating Stem Cells in Serially Transplanted Mice (2006)

In vivo selection of gene modified hematopoietic stem cells permanently increases the relative proportion of blood cells that carry a therapeutic transgene despite initially low gene transfer efficiency, thereby decreasing the likelihood of insertional mutagenesis and avoiding the need of myeloablative conditioning regimens. P140K Mutant O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) enzyme confers resistance to the combination of the MGMT inhibitor O6BG and nitrosourea drugs such as BCNU. We have previously shown that reduced intensity and toxicity BCNU/O6- BG selection allows efficient selection of MGMT-P140K expressing oligoclonal murine hematopoiesis. Nevertheless it is unknown, whether long-term selection and the associated proliferative stress impairs long-term differentiation and proliferation of MGMT-P140K expressing stem cell clones. To address this question, serial transplantations of murine MGMT-P140K expressing hematopoiesis combined with repeated administrations of O6-BG and BCNU were done. After ex vivo gene transfer of an MGMT/ IRES/eGFP encoding retroviral vector, bone marrow cells were transplanted into syngeneic C57 BL/6J mice and 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation recipient mice were subsequently treated every four weeks in order to exaggerate potential effects on long-term clonal behaviour. Lineage contribution of transduced hematopoiesis was monitored by FACS over a total of 17 rounds of selection and clonality by LAM-PCR over a total of 16 rounds of selection. In primary mice the percentage of transduced blood cells increased from 4.7 ± 0.8% to 36.4 ± 9.8% (n=12) and in secondary mice from 29.9 ± 7.2% to 65.1 ± 8.7% (n=18) after selection without persisting peripheral blood cytopenia. Lineage analysis showed an unchanged multilineage differentiation potential of transduced cells in 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation animals. LAM PCR analysis of peripheral blood revealed stable oligo- to polyclonal hematopoiesis in 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation mice. Evidence for predominant clones or clonal exhaustion was not observed. Interestingly, pairs of secondary transplanted mice that received bone marrow cells from identical donors showed very similar clonal composition, engraftment kinetics under selection and lineage contribution of the transduced hematopoiesis, indicating extensive self-renewal of transplantable stem cells in the primary mice resulting in a net symmetric refilling of the stem cell compartment. In summary, we demonstrate that even extended selection of MGMT-P140K expressing hematopoietic stem cells by repetitive chemotherapy does not affect their differentiation or proliferation potential and does not result in clonal exhaustion. Our results have important implications for the clinical use of MGMT selection strategies for amplification of a limited number of gene corrected clones in clinical gene therapy. MS and CvK hold US-patent on LAM-PCR.
Classroom Critical Incidents (2009)

Evaluating the quality and effectiveness of user interaction in networked collaborative systems is difficult. There is more than one user, and often the users are not physically proximal. The “session” to be evaluated cannot be comprehensively observed or monitored at any single display, keyboard, or processor. It is typical that none of the human participants has an overall view of the interaction (a common source of problems for such interactions). The users are not easily accessible either to evaluators or to one another. In this article we describe an evaluation method that recruits the already-pervasive medium of Web forums to support collection and discussion of user critical incidents. We describe a Web forum tool created to support this discussion, the Collaborative Critical Incident Tool (CCIT). The notion of “critical incident” is adapted from Flanagan (1956), who debriefed test pilots in order to gather and analyze episodes in which something went surprisingly good or bad. Flanagan’s method has become a mainstay of human factors evaluation (Meister, 1985). In our method, users can post a critical incident report to the forum at any time. Subsequently, other users, as well as evaluators and system developers, can post threaded replies. This improves the critical incident method by permitting follow-up questions and other conversational elaboration and refinement of original reports.
Reviparin Did Not Lead to a Statistically Significant Reduction of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients Having Knee Arthroscopy (2001)

Question: In patients having knee arthroscopy, is low-molecular-weight heparin (reviparin) effective and safe for preventing thromboembolism?

Design: Randomized (unclear allocation concealment), blinded (outcome assessor), controlled trial with up to 10 days of follow-up.

Setting: A university hospital in Germany.

Patients: 262 patients who were 18 years of age and were scheduled for knee arthroscopy. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, history of deep venous thrombosis, contraindication to contrast venography …
Functional proteomics and correlated signaling pathway of the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus TLS33 under cold‐shock stress (2005)

The thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus TLS33 was examined under cold-shock stress by a proteomic approach to gain a better understanding of the protein synthesis and complex regulatory pathways of bacterial adaptation. After downshift in the temperature from 65 degrees C, the optimal growth temperature for this bacterium, to 37 degrees C and 25 degrees C for 2 h, we used the high-throughput techniques of proteomic analysis combining 2-DE and MS to identify 53 individual proteins including differentially expressed proteins. The bioinformatics database was used to search the biological functions of proteins and correlate these with gene homology and metabolic pathways in cell protection and adaptation. Eight cold-shock-induced proteins were shown to have markedly different protein expression: glucosyltransferase, anti-sigma B (sigma(B)) factor, Mrp protein homolog, dihydroorthase, hypothetical transcriptional regulator in FeuA-SigW intergenic region, RibT protein, phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate reductase and prespore-specific transcriptional activator RsfA. Interestingly, six of these cold-shock-induced proteins are correlated with the signal transduction pathway of bacterial sporulation. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the functional adaptation of this bacterium to environmental cold-shock stress.
Authentication Protocol Using Authorization Ticket in Mobile Network Service Environment (2010)

A ubiquitous network environment is a system where the user can access network services anytime, anywhere. Studies are continuously being conducted on wireless communication technology and mobile devices to establish such an environment. The company that provides such services, at a charge to users, should have an established system for authentication and authorization. This service is referred to as Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA). Existing studies have promoted the authentication and efficiency of mobile devices. One scheme requires the mobile device to contact the home authentication server every time through the external authentication server. Another uses a relay server to provide authentication between them. Thus, this paper aims to determine the best scheme to use ticketing, where tickets are provided through a mobile device by completing authentication and authorization features. In addition, it can efficiently provide mobile verification processing.
Acute Thoracic Vertebral Injury Thresholds (2004)

This study measures select static and dynamic characteristics of the human mid-thoracic spine, and compares them to previously published data for the thoraco-lumbar and cervical regions. Little information is available on the acute injury threshold for mid-thoracic intervertebral discs. The aim of this study was to characterize injury thresholds for the thoracic spine. Non-destructive combined flexion-compression loading experiments were conducted on 5 fresh human T5-T10 functional spinal units (FSU) at quasi-static and physiologic strain rates, and the resulting load-deflection responses were converted into global and local stiffness. Subsequently, 29 thoracic vertebrae (T5-T10) from 6 spines were subjected to moderate to severe impact loading in flexion. The peak forces and pressures were not statistically different between the thoracic disc levels. However, the mean injury forces and pressures were statistically different from mean failure forces found in the literature for both the lumbar and cervical spine regions, with the thoracic values falling between the cervical and lumbar values.
A Radial Transformation-Optics Mapping for Flat Ultra-Wide-Angle Dual-Polarized Stacked GRIN MTM Luneburg Lens Antenna (2019)

A transformation-optics mapping that radially compresses a sphere into a cylindrical slab with an arbitrary ratio of D/t is proposed to design a flat and thin dual-polarized Luneburg lens antenna (LLA) for ultrawide-angle operation at microwave bands. Also, the feasibility of the simple approximations to the transformed material properties is demonstrated in the design procedure of the presented LLA. Compared with the benchmark, the proposed mapping can achieve a moderate index distribution, wider scanning range, lighter weight, as well as an easy implementation. For example, a slab consisting of 18-layered Gaussian-distributed gradient index metamaterials is utilized to realize an X-band dual-polarized LLA with an aperture of 94.3×94.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , a thickness of 14.9 mm, and a focal length of 44 mm. Three nonresonant unit cells of patch, circular, and square holes are used for the upper, middle, and lower index regions, respectively. Moreover, a prototype of half of the designed LLA combined with a PEC sheet is implemented for a conformal application. The experiments reveal that our design can achieve a ~20% bandwidth for both |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | <; -10 dB and |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> | <; -17$ dB, a scanning angle of ±54° with a scanning loss of 0.7/2.2 dB, a peak gain of ~13/13.2 dBi, and a cross-polarization level of less than -15/-16 dB for the transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations at 10 GHz, respectively. Hence, the proposed mapping is a good method to design a light wide-scan dual-polarized LLA for far-field imaging applications and 5G wireless communications.
Fusion d’informations pour la compréhension de scènes (2014)

come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
A novel deconvolution approach for high accuracy LOS estimation in WCDMA environments (2003)

A prerequisite for reliable mobile positioning in WCDMA systems is the estimation with high accuracy of the line- of-sight (LOS) propagation delay between 3 or more base stations (BSs) and the mobile station (MS). LOS component may be followed by non line-of-sight components arriving within less than one chip interval. Correlation based methods are limited in accuracy by the width of the main lobe of the signal autocorrelation function (ACF). In the presence of square root raised cosine (RRC) pulse shape and strong interference from neighbour BSs, traditional deconvolution methods, such as least-squares (LS) and projection onto convex sets (POCS) algorithms fail to provide good accuracy of LOS estimates. By incorporating additional constraints in the iterative steps of POCS algorithm, we show here that increased resolution in LOS estimation can be achieved even under severe interference conditions. The link-level simulation model was built in conformity with current WCDMA specifications.
[The use of plasma lactoferrin in the diagnosis of pyonecrotic infections of soft tissues and sepsis]. (2008)

Plasma lactoferrin dynamics was investigated in 120 of the 2250 patients with local and generalized soft tissue infections. Systemic symptoms were observed in 15% of the patients with soft tissue infections, syndrome of systemic inflammatory response in 13%, and sepsis in 42%. In 89% of the patients with systemic inflammatory reactions the blood lactoferrin level was 1.1-1.3 times the normal one within 72 hours after the onset of therapy; it dropped to the normal value in 12-15 days. Normalization of blood lactoferrin in patients with mild and moderate systemic inflammatory reactions roughly coincided with the disappearance of symptoms of generalized infection. It occurred 5-6 days after the septic process was resolved in patients with severe inflammatory reactions. Normal blood lactoferrin levels were characteristic of a mild inflammatory reaction and local forms of infection. A rise in blood lactoferrin above 1400 ng/ml combined with the syndrome of systemic inflammatory reaction over 72 hr in duration was regarded as a diagnostic criterion of sepsis. It is suggested that monitoring blood lactoferrin during treatment of systemic inflammatory reactions and sepsis be used for the choice of therapeutic strategy and the assessment of efficiency of its efficiency.
Carbene-Functionalized Ruthenium Nanoparticles (2006)

Stable ruthenium nanoparticles were synthesized by protecting the particles with diazo molecules that reacted readily with the ruthenium surface forming RuC carbene bonds, as manifested in Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR measurements. The resulting particles, with the core diameter averaged at 2.12 ± 0.72 nm as determined by transmission electron microscopic measurements, showed a Mie scattering profile in optical absorption measurements. In electrochemical studies, the particles exhibited interesting quantized charging characteristics, similar to those observed with alkanethiolate-protected gold (AuSR) nanoparticles. In addition, a proof-of-concept experiment was carried out to demonstrate that metathesis reactions on ruthenium surfaces might be exploited for the chemical functionalization of the particles through efficient surface place exchange reactions. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the reaction kinetics which exhibited a rate constant twice that observed with AuSR particles with another thiol ligand.
Dynamic group multicast routing with bandwidth reservations (2002)

Abstract Multicasting refers to the transmission of data from a source node to multiple destination nodes in a network. Group multicasting is a generalization of multicasting whereby every member of a group is allowed to multicast messages to other members that belong to the same group. The routing problem in this case involves the construction of a set of low cost multicast trees with bandwidth requirements, one for each member of the group for multicasting messages to other members of the group. In this paper, we examine this routing problem with an additional requirement that member nodes are allowed to join and leave the multicasting group anytime during a session. We call this problem, the dynamic group multicast routing problem (DGMRP). In this paper, we proposed three heuristic algorithms to generate a set of low cost multicast trees with dynamic group membership. Results from our empirical study shows that the one of the proposed algorithms, called Maximum bandwidth bottleneck path selection algorithm (MBBPS), achieves better utilization of bandwidth resources as compared with the other two algorithms which are based on a greedy approach. In addition MBBPS performs better in terms of cost when the bandwidth is not sufficient in the network. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Current status and future opportunities for serial crystallography at MAX IV Laboratory (2020)

Over the last decade, serial crystallography, a method to collect complete diffraction datasets from a large number of microcrystals delivered and exposed to an X-ray beam in random orientations at room temperature, has been successfully implemented at X-ray free-electron lasers and synchrotron radiation facility beamlines. This development relies on a growing variety of sample presentation methods, including different fixed target supports, injection methods using gas-dynamic virtual-nozzle injectors and high-viscosity extrusion injectors, and acoustic levitation of droplets, each with unique requirements. In comparison with X-ray free-electron lasers, increased beam time availability makes synchrotron facilities very attractive to perform serial synchrotron X-ray crystallography (SSX) experiments. Within this work, the possibilities to perform SSX at BioMAX, the first macromolecular crystallography beamline at MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden, are described, together with case studies from the SSX user program: an implementation of a high-viscosity extrusion injector to perform room temperature serial crystallography at BioMAX using two solid supports - silicon nitride membranes (Silson, UK) and XtalTool (Jena Bioscience, Germany). Future perspectives for the dedicated serial crystallography beamline MicroMAX at MAX IV Laboratory, which will provide parallel and intense micrometre-sized X-ray beams, are discussed.
IGF1 activates cell cycle arrest following irradiation by reducing binding of ΔNp63 to the p21 promoter (2010)

Radiotherapy for head and neck tumors often results in persistent loss of function in salivary glands. Patients suffering from impaired salivary function frequently terminate treatment prematurely because of reduced quality of life caused by malnutrition and other debilitating side-effects. It has been previously shown in mice expressing a constitutively active form of Akt (myr-Akt1), or in mice pretreated with IGF1, apoptosis is suppressed, which correlates with maintained salivary gland function measured by stimulated salivary flow. Induction of cell cycle arrest may be important for this protection by allowing cells time for DNA repair. We have observed increased accumulation of cells in G2/M at acute time-points after irradiation in parotid glands of mice receiving pretreatment with IGF1. As p21, a transcriptional target of the p53 family, is necessary for maintaining G2/M arrest, we analyzed the roles of p53 and p63 in modulating IGF1-stimulated p21 expression. Pretreatment with IGF1 reduces binding of ΔNp63 to the p21 promoter after irradiation, which coincides with increased p53 binding and sustained p21 transcription. Our data indicate a role for ΔNp63 in modulating p53-dependent gene expression and influencing whether a cell death or cell cycle arrest program is initiated.
Differential expression and responsiveness of chemokine receptors (CXCR1–3) by human microvascular endothelial cells and umbilical vein endothelial cells (2000)

The basis for the angiogenic effects of CXC chemokines such as interleukin 8 (IL-8) and for angiostatic chemokines such as interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) has been difficult to assess. We recently reported, based on an RNase protection assay, that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) did not express detectable mRNA for the IL-8 receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. This raised the possibility of heterogeneity of receptor expression by different endothelial cell (ECs) types. Since systemic angiogenesis induced by IL-8 would more likely involve microvessel ECs, we investigated CXC receptor expression on human microvascular dermal endothelial cells (HMECs). By confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence we observed that HMECs consistently expressed high levels of CXCR1 and CXCR4 (mean fluorescence intensity of 261+/-22.1 and 306.2+/-19, respectively) and intermediate levels of CXCR3 and CXCR2 (173.9+/-30. 2 and 156+/-30.9, respectively). In contrast, only a small proportion of HUVEC preparations expressed low levels of CXCR1, -2, and -3 (66+/-19.9; 49+/-15, and 81.4+/-17.9, respectively). However, both HMECs and HUVECs expressed equal levels of CXCR4. As expected, HMECs had more potent chemotactic responses to IL-8 than HUVECs, and this was correlated with the levels of IL-8 receptors on the ECs. Antibodies to CXCR1 and CXCR2 each had inhibitory effects on chemotaxis of HMECs to IL-8, indicating that both IL-8 receptors contributed to the migratory response of these cells toward IL-8. Assessment of the functional capacity of CXCR3 unexpectedly revealed that HMECs migrated in response to relatively higher concentrations (100-500 ng/ml) of each of the 'angiostatic' chemokines IP-10, ITAC, and MIG. Despite this, the 'angiostatic' chemokines inhibited the chemotactic response of HMECs to IL-8. IL-8 and SDF-1alpha but not IP-10 induced calcium mobilization in adherent ECs, suggesting that signaling events associated with calcium mobilization are separable from those required for chemotaxis. Taken together, our data indicated that functional differences among EC types is dependent on the level of the expression of CXC chemokine receptors. Whether this heterogeneity in receptor expression by ECs reflects distinct differentiation pathways remains to be established.
The concentration of ammonia regulates nitrogen metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was grown in a continuous culture at a single dilution rate with input ammonia concentrations whose effects ranged from nitrogen limitation to nitrogen excess and glucose limitation. The rate of ammonia assimilation (in millimoles per gram of cells per hour) was approximately constant. Increased extracellular ammonia concentrations are correlated with increased intracellular glutamate and glutamine concentrations, increases in levels of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity and its mRNA (gene GDH2), and decreases in levels of NADPH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity and its mRNA (gene GDH1), as well as decreases in the levels of mRNA for the amino acid permease-encoding genes GAP1 and PUT4. The governing factor of nitrogen metabolism might be the concentration of ammonia rather than its flux.