gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clonal analysis of Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates in the United Kingdom (1995)

Strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b were collected as part of an epidemiological study of bacterial meningitis in the North East Thames Region (NETR) of England. Subclones of H. influenzae were identified by outer-membrane protein typing and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. These were compared with subclones of H. influenzae type b isolated from elsewhere in the UK. The subclone ET 12.5/OMP 3L was identified in 68% of isolates from cases of meningitis from the NETR. In the isolates from elsewhere in the UK, this subclone was identified in 79% of sterile-site isolates and 91% of isolates from non-sterile sites. This subclone predominated in patients of different ages and from different ethnic groups, which suggests that non-Caucasians are infected with the subclone predominating locally. Since ET 12.5/OMP 3L subclone is the most abundant strain isolated in virtually all other Western European countries, these results provide additional evidence that the genetic diversity in the H. influenzae type b population in Europe is relatively restricted.
Facilitating the Integration and Interaction of Real-World Services for the Web of Things (2010)

Abstract—The “Web of Things ” (WoT) is a vision of a World Wide Web that reaches into the physical world by providing a seamless integration of digitally augmented everyday objects. In this paper, we present the AutoWoT project, a toolkit that facilitates the rapid integration of smart devices into the Web. It thereby lowers the entry barrier for users to expose data and services provided by their smart things. AutoWoT offers a generic way of modeling Web resources and automatically builds web server components which expose the functionality of such digitally augmented devices. By abstracting the specific implementation of Web protocols, the toolkit enables prototype developers to focus on their use-case. In this paper we show how AutoWoT can be used to considerably facilitate the process of populating the Web of Things and illustrate the benefits with a concrete prototype application, a presence awareness tool that combines multiple Web-enabled real-world devices and services within a physical mashup. I.
Gaze and the Control of Foot Placement When Walking in Natural Terrain (2018)

Human locomotion through natural environments requires precise coordination between the biomechanics of the bipedal gait cycle and the eye movements that gather the information needed to guide foot placement. However, little is known about how the visual and locomotor systems work together to support movement through the world. We developed a system to simultaneously record gaze and full-body kinematics during locomotion over different outdoor terrains. We found that not only do walkers tune their gaze behavior to the specific information needed to traverse paths of varying complexity but that they do so while maintaining a constant temporal look-ahead window across all terrains. This strategy allows walkers to use gaze to tailor their energetically optimal preferred gait cycle to the upcoming path in order to balance between the drive to move efficiently and the need to place the feet in stable locations. Eye movements and locomotion are intimately linked in a way that reflects the integration of energetic costs, environmental uncertainty, and momentary informational demands of the locomotor task. Thus, the relationship between gaze and gait reveals the structure of the sensorimotor decisions that support successful performance in the face of the varying demands of the natural world. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Lifetimes and oscillator strength trends for the 4s2ndD2series of Ga i (1987)

Theoretical transition probabilities for kf-nd and mp-nd transitions in Ga(k=4--6, Ga i (k=4--6, m=4--7, and n=4--8) are reported together with lifetimes for the first five members of the 4${s}^{2}$nd $^{2}D$ series. Mixing with 4s4${p}^{2}$ $^{2}D$ is found to be very important. The sensitivity of the nd $^{2}D$ lifetimes to the position of this perturber is discussed, together with the oscillator strength trend for the transitions from the nd $^{2}D$ series, n=4--11, to the ground state. The calculated lifetimes are in good agreement with recent laser experiments.
Feedforward input design for minimum-time/energy, output transitions for dual-stage systems (2008)

This article addresses the optimal (minimum-time/energy) trajectory design for changing the output from one value to another. The main contribution of this article is to establish existence of a solution to the problem when pre- and post-actuation are allowed. The method is illustrated with an experimental dual-stage actuator system.
Induction of cytotoxicity by interleukin‐2 in tγ‐lymphoproliferative disorders (1986)

We have studied 7 patients with T gamma-lymphoproliferative disorders, in whom 78-88% of circulating nonadherent lymphocytes had the morphology of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) as assessed by light and transmission electron microscopy. The main common features of the membrane phenotype of these LGL expansions included expression of T3, HNK-1 and AB8.28. Other monoclonal antibody-defined surface markers of LGL (OKM1, B73.1, N901) were variably expressed or absent in these patients. Patients' LGL had little or no natural killer (NK) activity but mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Exposure to interferons (type B or gamma) for 20-72 hr resulted in no appreciable induction of cytolytic activity. In contrast, culture in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 3 days resulted in the expression of strong cytolytic activity in all the patients tested against an NK-susceptible (K562) and an NK-resistant (Daudi) target. The expression of T3 antigen, the low levels or lack of native NK activity and the induction of consistent cytotoxicity by prolonged exposure to IL-2 led us to suggest that the cells expanding in these subjects are related to the effectors involved in lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity.
RNA-Seq and Network Analysis Revealed Interacting Pathways in TGF-β-Treated Lung Cancer Cell Lines (2014)

Whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a useful tool for analyzing the transcriptome of a biological sample. With appropriate statistical and bioinformatic processing, this platform is capable of identifying significant differences in gene expression within the transcriptome and permits pathway and network analyses to determine how these genes interact biologically. In this study, we examined gene expression in two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (H358 and A459) that were treated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as a model for induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), commonly associated with disease progression. We performed this study in order to illustrate a workflow for identifying interesting genes and processes that are regulated early in EMT and to determine their gene pathway/network relationships and regulation. With this, we identified 137 upregulated and 32 downregulated genes common to both cell lines after TGF-β treatment that represent components of multiple canonical pathways and biological networks associated with the induction of EMT. These findings were also verified against reposited Affymetrix U133a expression profiles from multiple trials examining metastatic progression in patient cohorts (n = 731 total) to further establish the clinical relevance and translational significance of the model system. Together, these findings help validate the relevance of the TGF-β model for the study of EMT and provide new insights into early events in EMT.
Development of a new measurement method for serum calcium with chlorophosphonazo-III (2009)

The new calcium measurement method in serum was demonstrated to have reliable and acceptable performances as a routine test in clinical laboratory.
Identifying Proxy Nodes in a Tor Anonymization Circuit (2008)

We present a novel, practical, and effective mechanism that exposes the identity of Tor relays participating in a given circuit. Such an attack can be used by malicious or compromised nodes to identify the rest of the circuit, or as the first step in a follow-on trace-back attack. Our intuition is that by modulating the bandwidth of an anonymous connection (e.g. when the destination server, its router, or an entry point is under our control), we create observable fluctuations that propagate through the Tor network and the Internet to the end-user's host. To that end, we employ LinkWidth, a novel bandwidth-estimation technique. LinkWidth enables network edge-attached entities to estimate the available bandwidth in an arbitrary Internet link without a cooperating peer host, router, or ISP. Our approach also does not require compromise of any Tor nodes. In a series of experiments against the Tor network, we show that we can accurately identify the network location of most participating Tor relays.
E3 Coulomb excitation of 19F (1969)

The E3 matrix element connecting the ground state with the 5/2 − , 1346-keV level in 19 F has been measured by projectile excitation of a 19 F beam and observation of the 1236-keV de-excitation gamma ray in Ge(Li) detectors. The thick-target yield of the 1236-keV gamma ray was 1.6, 6.0, 9.8, and 23 gammas per 10 10 projectiles at bombarding energies of 22, 25, 26, and 28 MeV, respectively. The average value of the strength of the E3 transition deduced from these measurements is [Formula: see text] In addition, the E2 Coulomb-excitation cross section of the 1554-keV level was measured and the reduced transition strength of the E2 transition from the 1554-keV level to the ground state was found to be 6.8 ± 0.7 W.u. Comparisons are made with model predictions.
Increase in HIV Receptors/Co-receptors/α-defensins in Inflamed Human Gingiva (2004)

Transmission of HIV-1 through the oral cavity is considered to be a rare event. To identify factors in resistance/susceptibility to oral HIV-1 infection, we analyzed expression in human gingiva of HIV-1 receptors Langerin, DC-SIGN, MR, and GalCer, HIV-1 co-receptors CCCR5, CXCR4, and anti-microbial protein alpha-defensin-1. Our results show that healthy gingiva is infiltrated with cells expressing all HIV-1 receptors tested; however, there are very few CCR5(+) cells and a complete absence of CXCR4(+) cells in the lamina propria. In chronic periodontitis (CP), DC-SIGN, MR, CXCR4, and CCR5 increase, but this was accompanied by a ten-fold increase in alpha-defensin-1 mRNA. The CCR5(+) cells were revealed to be T-cells, macrophages, and dermal dendritic cells. Moreover, epithelial expression of GalCer and CXCR4 together was not apical and showed no trend with underlying inflammation. Thus, low expression of HIV-1 co-receptors in health and high expression of alpha-defensin during CP may comprise endogenous factors that provide protection from oral HIV-1 infection.
Molecular Simulation of Fracture Dynamics of Symmetric Tilt Grain Boundaries in Graphene (2012)

Atomistic simulations were utilized to obtain microscopic information of the elongation process in graphene sheets consisting of various embedded symmetric tilt grain boundaries (GBs). In contrast to pristine graphene, these GBs fractured in an extraordinary pattern under transverse uniaxial elongation in all but the largest misorientation angle case, which exhibited intermittent crack propagation and formed many stringy residual connections after quasi mechanical failure. The strings known as monoatomic carbon chains (MACCs), whose importance was recently highlighted, gradually extended to a maximum of a few nanometers as the elongation proceeded. These features, which critically affect the tensile stress and the shape of stress-strain curve, were observed in both armchair and zigzag-oriented symmetric tilt GBs. However, there exist remarkable differences in the population density and the achievable length of MACCs appearing after quasi mechanical failure which were higher in the zigzag-oriented GBs. In addition, the maximum stress and ultimate strain for armchair-oriented GBs were significantly greater than those of zigzag-oriented GBs in case of the largest misorientation angle while they were slightly smaller in other cases. The maximum stress was larger as the misorientation angle increased for both armchair and zigzag-oriented GBs ranging between 32~80 GPa, and the ultimate strains were between 0.06~0.11, the lower limit of which agrees very well with the experimental value of threshold strain beyond which mechanical failure often occurred in polycrystalline graphene.
Functional Urinary Bladder Wall Substitute Using a Free Innervated Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap (1997)

Received for publication April 7, 1997. L. Scott Levin, M.D. Division of Plastic Surgery P.O. Box 3945 Duke University Medical Center Durham, N.C. 27710
Naturally occurring compounds related to phenalenone. Part VII. Absolute configuration of atrovenetin and related compounds (1974)

Chemical correlation of a degradation product of isoherqueinone with (–)-(S)-ethyl lactate has established that herqueinone and isoherqueinone have the R- and S-configuration, respectively, at the asymmetric centre in the side-chain; it follows that atrovenetin possesses the R-configuration.
Optimisation of Storage and Transportation Conditions of Cultured Corneal Endothelial Cells for Cell Replacement Therapy (2020)

As the cornea is one of the most transplanted tissues in the body it has placed a burden on the provision of corneas from cadaveric donors. Corneal endothelial dysfunction is the leading indication for cornea transplant. Therefore, tissue engineering is emerging as an alternative approach to overcome the global shortage of transplant-grade corneas. The propagation and expansion of corneal endothelial cells has been widely reported. However, one obstacle to overcome is the transport and storage of corneal endothelial cells. In this study we investigated whether tissue engineered corneal endothelial cells can be preserved in hypothermic conditions. Human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs) were exposed to various temperatures (4 °C, 23 °C, and 37 °C) in both adherent and suspension storage models. Optimal storage media and storage duration was tested along with post-storage viability. Following storage and subsequent recovery at 37 °C, cell phenotype was assessed by immunofluorescence, gene and protein expression, and proliferative capacity analysis. Functionality was also assessed within a rabbit model of bullous keratopathy. Our data support our hypothesis that functional HCEnCs can be preserved in hypothermic conditions.
15.2: Development of an UXGA Display System by a Digital Packet Video Link (2001)

Abstract In this paper, we describe the development an UXGA Display system by using a trial Digital Packet Video(PV) Link for a next‐generation interface(I/F). We already presented the basic idea and performance about this system. Then, we can apply this system for a QUXGA display, and then we can decrease the data transfer rate from PC to LCD. So we can solve the problem of I/F by this system, we propose the Digital PV Link as a standard for the next generation I/F of high density displays.
Preparation and application of in-fibre internal standardization solid-phase microextraction (2007)

The in-fibre standardization method is a novel approach that has been developed for field sampling/sample preparation, in which an internal standard is pre-loaded onto a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibre for calibration of the extraction of target analytes in field samples. The same method can also be used for in-vial sample analysis. In this study, different techniques to load the standard to a non-porous SPME fibre were investigated. It was found that the appropriateness of the technique depends on the physical properties of the standards that are used for the analysis. Headspace extraction of the standard dissolved in pumping oil works well for volatile compounds. Conversely, headspace extraction of the pure standard is an effective approach for semi-volatile compounds. For compounds with low volatility, a syringe-fibre transfer method and direct extraction of the standard dissolved in a solvent exhibited a good reproducibility (<5% RSD). The main advantage of the approaches investigated in this study is that the standard generation vials can be reused for hundreds of analyses without exhibiting significant loss. Moreover, most of the standard loading processes studied can be performed automatically, which is efficient and precise. Finally, the standard loading technique and in-fibre standardization method were applied to a complex matrix (milk) and the results illustrated that the matrix effect can be effectively compensated for with this approach.
The Effect of Somatostatin on the Hormonal Abnormalities of End Stage Renal Disease (1981)

Patients with end stage renal disease who are maintained on haemodialysis have elevated levels of many hormones, some of which may play a role in the pathogenesis of the complications of uraemia. The infusion of synthetic somatostatin reduces the circulating level of many of these same hormones in patients with normal renal function. If the elevated hormone levels in dialysis patients could be similarly lowered, study of the pathogenitic significance of the various hormonal abnormalities would be facilitated. With this in mind, the effect of synthetic somatostatin on the circulating level of growth hormone, glucagon, insulin, gastrin, parathyroid hormone, and thyroid stimulating hormone in dialysis patients was investigated. In pilot protocol, a dose of 2 mg of somatostatin infused over 24, 18, or 12 hours (two patients each) was found to have no effect on any hormonal level. Infusion of 2 mg of somatostatin over 4 hours, however, was associated with consistent fall in the level of growth hormone (13.6 ± 6.2 to 6.53 ± 2.9, p = 0.15) and glucagon (595.0 ± 73 to 441 ± 28, p &lt; 0.05) in each of four patients. The percentage change in the level of growth hormone and glucagon during the 4-hour somatostatin infusion was significantly different from the change occurring during a 4-hour timed control period (growth hormone —45 ± 18% vs +9 ± 7%, [p &lt; 0.05]), (glucagon −27% ± 2% vs + 8 ± 2%, [p &lt; 0.01]). There was no change in the level of any other hormone during the 4-hour infusion. No significant adverse effects were seen. This study suggests that the intravenous infusion of somatostatin can, at least on an acute basis, lower the level of growth hormone and glucagon in patients with end stage renal failure; and, therefore, it may be useful in further study and possibly the treatment of the hormonal abnormalities of end stage renal disease.
Contacts with health services during the year prior to suicide death in France (2013-2015) (2020)

Abstract Background This study was designed to describe contacts with health services during the year before suicide death in France, and to compare the prevalent mental and physical conditions in these people to those of the general population. Methods Data were extracted from the French National Health Data System (SNDS), which comprises comprehensive claims data for inpatient and outpatient care linked to the national causes-of-death registry. Individuals, national health insurance general scheme beneficiaries (i.e. 76% of the population living in France), aged 15 years or older, who died from suicide in France in 2013-2015 were included. Medical consultations, emergency room visits, and hospitalisations during the year preceding death were collected. Conditions were identified, and standardised prevalence ratios (SPRs) were estimated to compare prevalence rates in suicide decedents with those of the general population. Results The study included 19,144 suicide decedents. Overall, 8.5% of suicide decedents consulted a physician or attended an emergency room on the day of death, 34.1% during the week before death, 60.9% during the month before death. Most contacts involved a general practitioner or an emergency room (46.2% of suicide decedents consulted a general practitioner during the month before death, 16.7% attended an emergency room). During the month preceding suicide, 24.4% of individuals were hospitalised at least once. Mental conditions (36.8% of cases) were 7.9-fold (SPR 95% CI: 7.7-8.1) more prevalent in suicide decedents than in the general population. The highest SPRs among physical conditions were for liver/pancreatic diseases (SPR=3.3, 95% CI: 3.1-3.6) and epilepsy (SPR=2.7, 95% CI: 2.4-3.0). Conclusions General practitioners and emergency departments have frequent contacts with suicide decedents during the last weeks before death and are at the forefront of suicide risk identification and prevention in individuals with mental, but also physical conditions. Key messages Mental and physical conditions are more common among suicide decedents than in the general population, and contacts with primary care services are frequent in the last weeks prior to suicide. Primary care services (general practitioners and emergency rooms) should be targeted for suicide preventive interventions.
<title>Acousto-optic null-steering adaptive photonic processor architectures for phased arrays</title> (1996)

Two novel all-optical acousto-optic processor designs are introduced for antenna null steering applications. Both designs use an acousto-optic point modulator and a multi- channel acousto-optic deflector in a unique in-line arrangement to form a write/read two color system. One processor is a forward light flow optical design, while the other is a reversible light flow optical architecture. A write-only acousto-optic multichannel correlator processor design is also introduced using a counter-propagating signal correlator design. This processor also uses a time integrating detector such as a two dimensional charge coupled device or a high dynamic range photorefractive crystal for bias free correlation signal detection.
Latency Hiding File I/O for Blue Gene Systems (2009)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel file I/O solution for Blue Gene systems. We propose a hierarchical I/O cache architecture based on open source software. Our solution is based on an asynchronous data staging strategy, which hides the latency of file system access from compute nodes. The performance results demonstrate the high scalability and significant performance improvements of our architecture over existing solutions.
30-Day postoperative COVID-19 outcomes in 398 patients from regional hospitals utilising a designated COVID-19 minimal surgical site pathway (2021)

The risk of contracting COVID-19 in our elective operating framework was very low. We demonstrate that high-volume major surgery is safe, even at the peak of the pandemic, if patients are screened appropriately preoperatively.