gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FRET-Enabled Optical Modulation for High Sensitivity Fluorescence Imaging (2010)

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer is utilized to engineer donor photophysics for facile signal amplification and selective fluorescence recovery from high background. This is generalized such that many different fluorophores can be used in optical modulation schemes to drastically improve fluorescence imaging sensitivity. Dynamic, simultaneous, and direct excitation of the acceptor brightens and optically modulates higher energy donor emission. The externally imposed modulation waveform enables selective donor fluorescence extraction through demodulation. By incorporating an acceptor with significant, spectrally shifted, dark-state population, necessary excitation intensities are quite low and agree well with simulated enhancements. Enhancement versus modulation frequency directly yields dark-state lifetimes in a simple ensemble measurement. Using the long-lived Cy5 dark state in conjunction with Cy3 donors, we demonstrate image extraction from a large background to yield >>10-fold sensitivity improvements through synchronously amplified fluorescence image recovery (SAFIRe).
Insulin modulates the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations in mouse pancreatic islets (2017)

Pancreatic islets can adapt to oscillatory glucose to produce synchronous insulin pulses. Can islets adapt to other oscillatory stimuli, specifically insulin? To answer this question, we stimulated islets with pulses of exogenous insulin and measured their Ca2+ oscillations. We observed that sufficiently high insulin (> 500 nM) with an optimal pulse period (~ 4 min) could make islets to produce synchronous Ca2+ oscillations. Glucose and insulin, which are key stimulatory factors of islets, modulate islet Ca2+ oscillations differently. Glucose increases the active-to-silent ratio of phases, whereas insulin increases the period of the oscillation. To examine the dual modulation, we adopted a phase oscillator model that incorporated the phase and frequency modulations. This mathematical model showed that out-of-phase oscillations of glucose and insulin were more effective at synchronizing islet Ca2+ oscillations than in-phase stimuli. This finding suggests that a phase shift in glucose and insulin oscillations can enhance inter-islet synchronization.
Vasopressin decreases endogenous catecholamine plasma concentrations during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pigs (2000)

Administration of vasopressin during CPR resulted in significantly superior vital organ blood flow, but significantly decreased endogenous catecholamine plasma concentrations when compared with placebo.
Electrospun nanofiber air pollution filters: An experimental study (2020)

The aim of this study is to develop and assess the performance of electrospun nanofiber air pollution filters for removing particles and gaseous compounds. The performance of the novel filters will be evaluated in terms of electrospinning processes, nanofiber characterization and the filters´pressure drop. Polyurethane (PU) was used to fabricate the nanofibers. The nanofiber surfaces were functionalized using activated carbon (AC) and titanium dioxide TiO2 to enhance the filters' ability to capture and degrade pollutants. The nanofibers presented different morphologies depending on the presence of the additives. The use of additives decreased the filter pressure drop. Toluene was used to assess the removal of gaseous pollutants from the air stream while ultrafine particles were monitored to quantify particle filtration. The PU filter recorded the highest particle filtration efficiency of 98.1% but it has at the same time a very high pressure drop (3092 Pa), whereas PU/AC achieved a high efficiency of 93.7% with a lower pressure drop of 809 Pa. PU/TiO2 showed better reactivity towards Toluene while PU/AC has not shown any adsorption probably due to the mixing of AC inside the polymer solution prior to electrospinning.
Total synthesis of sulfur-containing pyrroloiminoquinone marine product, (±)-makaluvamine F using hypervalent iodine(iii)-induced reactions (1999)

Y. Kita, M. Egi and H. Tohma, Chem. Commun., 1999, 143 DOI: 10.1039/A808715F
Li Content Dependence of Thermodynamic Stability and the Crystal Structure of Li<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>1－y</sub>M<sub>y</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(M = Mn, Al, Cu) as a Cathode Active Material for Li Secondary Battery (2005)

We investigated the relationship between 'the thermodynamic stability and Li content in the crystal structure of the orthorhombic LiMn1－xMxO2(M = Mn, Al, Cu). The enthalpy change for mol of atoms for the reaction, ΔHR, were calculated from the heat of dissolution. ΔHR increased with the decreasing Li content except for the two-phase region and significantly increased the two-phase region for each sample. For the same Li content, the LixMnO2 sample obtained by reflux heating was more thermodynamically stable than the other samples. Furthermore, the LixMn0.95Al0.05O2 sample was unstable, and the LixMn0.95Cu0.05O2 sample was more stable than that of LixMnO2, which was obtained by the same method. The crystal structure of LixMn1－yMyO2(M=Mn, Al) was analyzed by the neutron powder diffraction method. The Madelung energy and bond lengths of each sample were calculated using the Rietveld analysis. The Madelung energy of the spinel phase was low, and the spinel phase was more stable than the orthorhombic phase. The distributions of the nuclear density and electron density were calculated by MEM in order to determine the bonding state. The nuclear density decreased with the decreasing Li content. In o-LiMn0.95M0.05O2 (M=Al, Cu), the Li localization and strong covalence of (Mn, M)-O were estimated from the distribution of the electron densities.
Self‐Assembly of Chalcogenolato‐Bridged Ester and Amide Functionalized Dinuclear Re(I) Metallacycles: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Preliminary Cytotoxicity Studies (2017)

Abstract Functionalized pyridyl ditopic ligands 1,2‐phenylene diisonicotinate (pdi) ( L 1 ) and N,N ′‐4‐pyridylcarboxamide‐4‐pyridylcarboxyl‐1,2‐benzene (pcpcb) ( L 2 ) comprising ester/ester and amide backbone have been synthesized and utilized for the preparation of novel series of chalcogenolato‐bridged rhenium(I) metallacycles [(CO) 3 Re( μ ‐ER) 2 Re(CO) 3 ( μ ‐pdi)] ( 1 – 4 ) and [(CO) 3 Re( μ ‐ER) 2 Re(CO) 3 ( μ ‐pcpcb)] ( 5 – 8 ) (E=S, Se and Te; R=butyl and phenyl). Synthesis of metallacycles 1‐8 has been accomplished by the oxidative addition of dialkyl/diaryl dichalcogenide to rhenium carbonyl with ester/ester and amide functionalized pyridyl ditopic ligand in one‐pot reaction. The pyridyl ligands and metallacycles were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR and UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopic techniques. Molecular structure of the metallacycles 2–4 and 7 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. Preliminary cytotoxic activities of the ligands and metallacycles were studied on various cancer and normal cells. The results revealed that the metallacycles selectively inhibited certain cancer cells but not the normal cells.
Influence of Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction on the Anthocyanin Profile of Different Vaccinium Species in the Context of Statistical Models for Authentication (2015)

Anthocyanins are frequently discussed as marker compounds for fruit product authenticity. Proper analysis including sample preparation for the determination of anthocyanin concentrations is crucial for the comparability of authenticity data. The present study determined the influence of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), using two different solvent compositions on the anthocyanin profile of bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.), and American cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.). Besides differences in total anthocyanin concentrations in the extracts, significant deviations (p ≤ 0.05) in the individual anthocyanin concentration were observed, resulting in differing anthocyanin proportions. Linear discriminant analysis comparing the differences caused by the extraction method to the natural differences within a set of 26 bilberry and lowbush blueberry samples of different origins was conducted. It revealed that profile variations induced by the extraction methods are in a similar scale to profile variations as a result of geographic and climatic differences.
Mortality in Multicenter Critical Care Trials (2015)

We identified 15 treatments that decreased/increased mortality in critically ill patients in 24 multicenter randomized controlled trials. However, design affected trial size and larger trials were more likely to show harm. Finally, clinicians view of such trials and their translation into practice varied.
Issues on high-speed laser zone texturing of magnetic disk substrates with improved quality (1998)

Important issues of laser zone texturing in manufacturing are discussed. We report practical strategies in terms of tooling and process control. We found that good bump height uniformity is achieved by operating in the most stable region where the effects of laser pulse energy fluctuation, disk thickness variation, and disk runout are minimized. By selecting optimum process parameters, a bump height standard deviation of less than 1.5% can be achieved.
Recent Advances of VCSEL Photonics (2006)

A vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) was invented 30 years ago. A lot of unique features can be expected, such as low-power consumption, wafer-level testing, small packaging capability, and so on. The market of VCSELs has been growing up rapidly in recent years, and they are now key devices in local area networks using multimode optical fibers. Also, long wavelength VCSELs are currently attracting much interest for use in single-mode fiber metropolitan area and wide area network applications. In addition, a VCSEL-based disruptive technology enables various consumer applications such as a laser mouse and laser printers. In this paper, the recent advance of VCSEL photonics will be reviewed, which include the wavelength extension of single-mode VCSELs and their wavelength integration/control. Also, this paper explores the potential and challenges for new functions of VCSELs toward optical signal processing
Software Configuration Management for Product Derivation in Software Product Families (2008)

A key process in software product line (SPL) engineering is product derivation, which is the process of building software products from a base set of core assets. During product derivation, the components in both core assets and derived software products are modified to meet needs for different functionality, platforms, quality attributes, etc. However, existing software configuration management (SCM) systems do not sufficiently support the derivation process in SPL. In this paper, we introduce a novel SCM system that is well-suited for product derivation in SPL. Our tool, MoSPL handles version management at the component level via its product versioning and data models. It explicitly manages logical constraints and derivation relations among components in both core assets and derived products, thus enabling the automatic propagation of changes in the core assets to their copies in derived products and vice versa. The system can also detect conflicting changes to different copies of components in software product lines.
α-(Methylenecyclopropyl)glycine from Litchi seeds (1962)

Two cyclopropyl derivatives are among a large group of newly characterized amino acids isolated from higher plants (reviews: Hunt, 1959; These two compounds were identified as 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid, isolated from perry pears by
Correction: Graded Smad2/3 Activation Is Converted Directly into Levels of Target Gene Expression in Embryonic Stem Cells (2009)

The Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) b signalling family includes morphogens, such as Nodal and Activin, with important functions in vertebrate development. The concentration of the morphogen is critical for fate decisions in the responding cells. Smad2 and Smad3 are effectors of the Nodal/Activin branch of TGFb signalling: they are activated by receptors, enter the nucleus and directly transcribe target genes. However, there have been no studies correlating levels of Smad2/3 activation with expression patterns of endogenous target genes in a developmental context over time. We used mouse Embryonic Stem (ES) cells to create a system whereby levels of activated Smad2/3 can be manipulated by an inducible constitutively active receptor (Alk4*) and an inhibitor (SB-431542) that blocks specifically Smad2/3 activation. The transcriptional responses were analysed by microarrays at different time points during activation and repression. We identified several genes that follow faithfully and reproducibly the Smad2/3 activation profile. Twenty-seven of these were novel and expressed in the early embryo downstream of Smad2/3 signalling. As they responded to Smad2/3 activation in the absence of protein synthesis, they were considered direct. These immediate responsive genes included negative intracellular feedback factors, like SnoN and I-Smad7, which inhibit the transcriptional activity of Smad2/3. However, their activation did not lead to subsequent repression of target genes over time, suggesting that this type of feedback is inefficient in ES cells or it is counteracted by mechanisms such as ubiquitin-mediated degradation by Arkadia. Here we present an ES cell system along with a database containing the expression profile of thousands of genes downstream of Smad2/3 activation patterns, in the presence or absence of protein synthesis. Furthermore, we identify primary target genes that follow proportionately and with high sensitivity changes in Smad2/3 levels over 15-30 hours. The above system and resource provide tools to study morphogen function in development.
Intraoperative angiography via the popliteal artery: a useful technique for patients in the prone position (2018)

OBJECTIVE Intraoperative angiography can be a valuable tool in the surgical management of vascular disorders in the CNS. This is typically accomplished via femoral artery puncture; however, this can be technically difficult in patients in the prone position. The authors describe the feasibility of intraoperative angiography via the popliteal artery in the prone patient. METHODS Three patients underwent intraoperative spinal angiography in the prone position via vascular access through the popliteal artery. Standard angiography techniques were used, along with ultrasound and a micropuncture needle for initial vascular access. Two patients underwent intraoperative angiography to confirm the obliteration of dural arteriovenous fistulas. The third patient required unexpected intraoperative angiography when a tumor was concerning for a vascular malformation in the cervical spine. RESULTS All 3 patients tolerated the procedure without complication. The popliteal artery was easily accessed without any adaptation to typical patient positioning for these prone-position cases. This proved particularly beneficial when angiography was not part of the preoperative plan. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative angiography via the popliteal artery is feasible and well tolerated. It presents significant benefit when obtaining imaging studies in patients in a prone position, with the added benefit of easy access, familiar anatomy, and low concern for catheter thrombosis or kinking.
Imaging the Alzheimer Brain (2011)

This supplement to the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease contains more than half of the chapters from The Handbook of Imaging the Alzheimer Brain, which was first presented at the International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease in Paris, in July, 2011.
Thrombolytic therapy for stroke (1994)

The physiology of thrombi and the pharmacology of thrombolytic drugs are under active study and improved regimens for the dosing of thrombolytic agents have been developed. In the setting of myocardial infarction, recently reported differences among thrombolytic agents have been slight, including the frequency of thrombolysis-associated hemorrhagic stroke following tissue plasminogen activator or streptokinase. In the setting of ischemic stroke, recanalization rates following intravenous tissue plasminogen activator have been modest and at least partly dependent on clot size. Conclusions regarding clinical benefit will depend on the results of multicenter randomized trials that should available in 1995. Studies of locally administered intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy demonstrate high rates of clot lysis, but clinical benefits have yet to be established. The results of randomized trials will be important in clarifying any cause-effect relationships between thrombolytic therapy and symptomatic and asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Thrombolytic therapy in the study of subarachnoid hemorrhage is under active investigation.
Temperature-Induced Nanostructure Formation Behavior of Core Cross-Linked Star-Shaped Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in Water (2023)

Small-angle X-ray scattering and electrophoretic light scattering measurements were made for dilute aqueous solutions of star-branched poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (sPNIPAM) at different temperatures. In the constant heating process, relatively narrow-dispersed sphere particles with an average aggregation number between 10 and 50 were observed in water at high temperatures (45–55 °C), regardless of the end groups: carboxyl, hydroxyl, and benzyl groups. Indeed, the test solutions for which the polymer mass concentration was 2–4 mg mL–1 did not become turbid at temperatures higher than the phase separation temperature of the corresponding linear polymer. Negative ζ potential was found for all solutions at the high temperature, 45 °C, indicating that electrostatic repulsion force stabilizes the dispersion state. Spinodal decomposition is the dominant mechanism of the microscopic phase separation because narrower distributed spherical particles were observed in the solution upon rapid heating than that for the constant heating procedure.
Quantifying and optimizing photocurrent via optical modeling of gold nanostar-, nanorod-, and dimer-decorated MoS2 and MoTe2 (2020)

Finite element simulations through COMSOL Multiphysics were used to optically model systems composed of Mo dichalcogenide layers (MoTe<sub>2</sub> and MoS<sub>2</sub>) and Au nanoparticles (spherical dimers, nanorods, and nanostars) to understand how their fundamental material properties as well as their interactions affect the photocurrent response. The absorption cross sections of the various Au nanoparticles linearly increase with respect to their increasing dimensions, hence being ideal tunable systems for the enhancement of the electric field in the dichalcogenide layers under visible and near infrared. The photocurrent through the MoTe<sub>2</sub> and MoS<sub>2</sub> substrates was enhanced by the addition of Au nanoparticles when the plasmonic response was localized in the area of the particle in contact with the substrate. Based on these findings, the use of Au nanoparticles can greatly improve the unique photocurrent properties of Mo dichalcogenides; however, nanoparticle orientation and size must be considered to tune the enhancement at the specific wavelengths. This computational work provides useful design rules for the use of plasmonic nanomaterials in photocatalytic and photocurrent enhancement of transition metal dichalcogenides.
GRAFT VERSUS LEUKEMIA EFFECT AFTER TRANSPLANTATION WITH INTERLEUKIN-2-ACTIVATED BONE MARROW (1993)

IL-2 has been used after autologous BMT (ABMT) with the aim of inducing graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect. Our studies in mice have shown that IL-2 therapy induces GVL effect when employed after BMT with bone marrow (BM) that has been activated with IL-2 in vitro (ABM). The present study was carried out to define the time of optimal GVL effect after BMT so that the immunomodulatory approaches could be concentrated at the time of maximum GVL effect. Our data show that GVL effect was induced if IL-2 was instituted immediately after BMT with ABM in mice with acute myeloid leukemia; institution of IL-2 1 week after BMT with ABM did not induce GVL effect. IL-2 therapy instituted immediately or 1 week after BMT with fresh bone marrow (FBM) did not induce any GVL effect. A significant increase in the NK activity was noticed whether IL-2 was instituted immediately or 1 week after BMT, either with FBM or with ABM. To evaluate the ability of IL-2 in the eradication of residual disease from the autograft and the host, BM with variable infiltration with leukemia was activated with IL-2 and used for BMT in leukemic mice. The GVL effect of BM with minimal leukemic infiltration (absence of morphologically demonstrable disease) was comparable to the GVL effect of normal BM. These findings suggest that: (a) maximum GVL effect after BMT with ABM is concentrated in the early post-transplant period possibly because of minimal residual disease during this time; (b) an increase in the NK activity induced by IL-2 therapy may not predict for an improved GVL effect; and (c) for optimum GVL effect, BM with minimal leukemic infiltration should be activated with IL-2 before BMT.
Wide Distribution of the Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) ΔG210PPX2Mutation, which Confers Resistance to PPO-Inhibiting Herbicides (2011)

Resistance in waterhemp to herbicides that inhibit protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) previously was shown to result from the deletion of a glycine codon at position 210 (ΔG210) in the PPO-encoding gene, PPX2 . Research was conducted to determine if this same mechanism accounted for resistance in geographically separated populations—from Illinois, Kansas, and Missouri—and, if so, to determine if the mutation conferring resistance was independently selected. A dose–response study with lactofen indicated that the resistant populations had different levels of resistance. These differences, however, could be accounted for by different frequencies of resistant individuals within populations and, therefore, the dose–response data were consistent with the hypothesis that the populations contained the same resistance mechanism. Direct evidence in support of this hypothesis was provided by DNA sequencing, which showed that nearly all resistant plants evaluated contained the ΔG210 mutation. A variable region of the PPX2 gene was sequenced and resulting sequences were aligned and organized into a phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic tree did not reveal clear clustering by either geography or phenotype (resistant vs. sensitive). Possibly recombination within the PPX2 gene has masked its evolutionary history.