gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvolysis of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-propyl trifluoromethanesulfonate. Solvent, salt, and .beta.-deuterium isotope effects. Substituent effect of a strongly deactivating group and rate-limiting solvent-assisted elimination (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvolysis of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-propyl trifluoromethanesulfonate. Solvent, salt, and .beta.-deuterium isotope effects. Substituent effect of a strongly deactivating group and rate-limiting solvent-assisted eliminationMichael P. Jansen, Kalavelil M. Koshy, Nevindra N. Mangru, and Thomas T. TidwellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 13, 3863–3867Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00403a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00403a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid concentrations in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease (2012)

These data indicated the prevalence of hypocobalaminemia in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease was 20 of 56 (36%). Five of 20 (25%) hypocobalaminemic dogs had increased serum MMA concentrations, which indicated that although hypocobalaminemia was common in these dogs, it did not always appear to be associated with a deficiency of cobalamin on a cellular level. Hypocobalaminemia is a risk factor for negative outcome in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease and should be considered in every patient with corresponding clinical signs.
Modulation of mammalian sperm motility by quercetin (1990)

The flavonoid quercetin inhibits collective motility of ejaculated ram spermatozoa in the first 2 hr of incubation; during the next 3-4 hr motility is stimulated. To explain this interesting effect, we followed the influence of quercetin on sperm glycolysis, extracellular pH, ATP content, mitochondrial respiration, and lipid peroxidation. The collective motility of untreated cells is decreased to about 40% of the original motility during two hours of incubation. During this time, the rate of glycolysis is constant, respiration rate is increasing, there is no change in ATP content, the rate of lipid peroxidation is very slow, and the extracellular pH became very acidic (pH 5.5). It is concluded that motility is decreased due to this acidification. This acidification is prevented to some extent by quercetin, which indirectly inhibits glycolysis. Quercetin inhibits motility due to the inhibition of the plasma membrane calcium pump, as we showed previously (Breitbart et al., J Biol Chem 260:11548-11553, 1985). The motility of untreated cells is arrested after 3.5 hr of incubation, whereas quercetin-treated cells show high motility, which continues for additional 2-3 hr. After 3.5 hr, the control cells show no glycolytic activity, ATP content and respiration rates are decreased, and rate of lipid peroxidation is highly increased. At this time, quercetin-treated cells show no glycolytic activity, only a small decrease in ATP content and respiratory rate, and a very low rate of lipid peroxidation. Based on these data it is concluded that sperm motility after 3.5 hr of incubation is dependent mainly on mitochondrial respiration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Males of <I>Hylamorpha elegans</I> Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Are Attracted to Odors Released from Conspecific Females (2007)

The behavioral responses of Hylamorpha elegans L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae) to the semiochemicals released from conspecific individual adults were studied, with particular attention paid to female attraction of males. Odors released from virgin females significantly attracted male conspecifics in both the field and laboratory olfactometer and wind tunnel bioassays. However, females did not attract other females, and males attracted no one. The response of male H. elegans to (1) compounds (1,4-hydroquinone and 1,4-benzoquinone) released only by unmated females; (2) the essential oil of the secondary host (Nothofagus obliqua); and (3) the blend of 1,4-hydroquinone and 1,4-benzoquinone with N. obliqua essential oil was studied. The blend of 1,4-benzoquinone mixed with essential oil at the trial concentration was attractive with males. The same response was found with 1,4-hydroquinone alone. The essential oil did not have the expected attractant effect on conspecific males. These results suggest that, when combined with essential oil, 1,4-benzoquinone may function in the sexual behavior of males and females. These findings are discussed in terms of the ecological role of this putative sexual pheromone and its potential use in a strategy of control of this pest.
Pancreatic cancer genomics: where can the science take us? (2014)

The incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is steadily increasing and the annual death-to-incidence ratio approaches one. This is a figure that has not changed for several decades. Surgery remains the only chance of cure; however, only less than 20% of patients are amenable to operative resection. Despite successful surgical resection, the majority of the patients still succumb to recurrent metastatic disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic strategies and to better select patients for current therapies. In this review, we will discuss current management by highlighting the landmark clinical trials that have shaped current care. We will then discuss the challenges of therapeutic development using the current randomized-controlled trial paradigm when confronted with the molecular heterogeneity of PDAC. Finally, we will discuss strategies that may help to shape the management of PDAC in the near future.
Is the Pregnancy Hormone Relaxin an Important Player in Human Heart Failure? (2004)

Abstract Background The pregnancy hormone relaxin has been raised as a new compensatory mediator of cardiac origin in heart failure (HF). We set out to assess the role of relaxin in pressure overload-induced human HF. Methods We studied 129 adult patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for isolated aortic valve stenosis (AS). Blood was sampled from the aortic root and, in a subset of 49 patients, from the coronary sinus for the determination of plasma relaxin by enzyme immunoassay. HF was diagnosed when the patient had dyspnea or fatigue on ordinary effort in association with pulmonary wedge pressure &amp;gt;14 mm Hg at catheterization. Results Forty-one patients had HF, which was systolic (ejection fraction &amp;lt;50%) in 16 patients and diastolic in 25 patients. The median plasma relaxin was 32 pg/ml (&amp;lt;12−297 pg/ml) in 88 AS patients without HF, 28 pg/ml (&amp;lt;12−825 pg/ml) in the 41 AS patients with HF, and 42 pg/ml (range, &amp;lt;12−100 pg/ml) in 11 control patients free of heart disease (p=0.82). Plasma relaxin did not correlate with any measurement of cardiac structure or function. The concentration gradients of relaxin from the aortic root to the coronary sinus indicated relaxin extraction by the heart in the control patients (median change, −5 pg/ml, p=0.038) vs. relaxin production in patients with systolic HF (median change, +6 pg/ml, p=0.028) (p=0.002 between groups). Conclusions Although the heart may release relaxin into the circulation in certain forms of HF, this does not translate into elevated systemic concentrations. Relaxin is not a major player in human HF.
Interlaminar Stress and Delamination Analysis of Internally-Tapered Composite Laminates (2004)

In the present work, the interlaminar fracture behavior of internally-tapered composite laminates that have cracks in the drop-off region is investigated using J-integral and direct calculation methods. The influences of cracks at the resin layer–interleaf interface and at the interface between adjacent plies are studied. The composite laminate is modeled and analyzed using partial hybrid stress finite elements that are formulated based on the Hellinger–Reissner variational principle and the generalized plane deformation theory. In the formulation, only three interlaminar stress components that cause delamination at the interface are independently assumed in addition to displacement interpolation. Both the six-node triangular and eight-node quadrilateral hybrid finite elements (formulated and presented in a companion paper [He, K., Hoa, S.V. and Ganesan, R. “Stress Analysis of Tapered Composite Laminate Using Partial Hybrid Finite Elements”, J. Reinforced Plastics and Composities, 23:6, 2004.]) are used in the fracture analysis. A parametric study is conducted to determine the influences of geometric and material properties on the fracture behavior of the tapered laminate. Experimental work was carried out for the observation of fracture. The analysis results and the experimental observation are compared.
55.3: Development of the Fill‐in‐type Transparent Liquid Desiccant OleDry‐F (2013)

Abstract We have developed a “OleDry‐F” transparent new liquid desiccant can be directly sealed by filling in the OLED panel. “OleDry‐F” is a new desiccant to remove the hydrocarbon solvent that is included in the “OleDry” transparent liquid drying agent of the Company. In addition, the appearance of OleDry‐F itself is transparent. This feature is obviously suitable for top emission type or see through type OLED. And also OleDry‐F is able to adjust its viscosity to get a higher flexibility for mechanical design of OLED. From the result of this development, we think our new desiccant OleDry‐F is also suitable for film type OLED.
UAVSAR Instrument: Current Operations and Planned Upgrades (2011)

The Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) instrument is a pod-based Lband polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR), specifically designed to acquire airborne repeat track SAR data for differential interferometric measurements. This instrument is currently installed on the NASA Gulfstream- III (G-III) aircraft with precision real-time Global Positioning System (GPS) and a sensor-controlled flight management system for precision repeat-pass data acquisitions. UAVSAR has conducted engineering and preliminary science data flights since October 2007 on the G-III. We are porting the radar to the Global Hawk Unmanned Airborne Vehicle (UAV) to enable long duration/long range data campaigns. We plan to install two radar pods (each with its own active array antenna) under the wings of the Global Hawk to enable the generation of precision topographic maps and single pass polarimetric-interferometry (SPI) providing vertical structure of ice and vegetation. Global Hawk's range of ~ 8000 nm will enable regional surveys with far fewer sorties as well as measurements of remote locations without the need for long and complicated deployments. We are also developing P-band polarimetry and Ka-band single-pass interferometry capabilities on UAVSAR by replacing the radar antenna and front-end electronics to operate at these
Cubic Lattice Nanosheets: Thickness-Driven Light Emission (2014)

Silicon has a diamond-like cubic crystal lattice for which two-dimensional (2D) nanometer thickness nanosheet crystallization appears not to be trivial. However, in this issue of ACS Nano, the group led by Heon-Jin Choi demonstrates the gas-phase dendritic growth of Si nanosheets, only 1 to 13 nm thick. Moreover, such nanosheets display strong thickness-dependent photoluminescence in a visible range with red, green, and blue emission each documented.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Pheromones (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improving regional ozone modeling through systematic evaluation of errors using the aircraft observations during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (2021)

During the operational phase of the ICARTT field experiment in 2004, the regional air quality model STEM showed a strong positive surface bias and a negative upper troposphere bias (compared to observed DC-8 and WP-3 observations) with respect to ozone. After updating emissions from NEI 1999 to NEI 2001 (with a 2004 large point sources inventory update), and modifying boundary conditions, low-level model bias decreases from 11.21 to 1.45 ppbv for the NASA DC-8 observations and from 8.26 to -0.34 for the NOAA WP-3. Improvements in boundary conditions provided by global models decrease the upper troposphere negative ozone bias, while accounting for biomass burning emissions improved model performance for CO. The covariances of ozone bias were highly correlated to NOz, NOy, and HNO3biases. Interpolation of bias information through kriging showed that decreasing emissions in SE United States would reduce regional ozone model bias and improve model correlation coefficients. The spatial distribution of forecast errors was analyzed using kriging, which identified distinct features, which when compared to errors in postanalysis simulations, helped document improvements. Changes in dry deposition to crops were shown to reduce substantially high bias in the forecasts in the Midwest, while updated emissions were shown to account for decreases in bias in the eastern United States. Observed and modeled ozone production efficiencies for the DC-8 were calculated and shown to be very similar (7.8) suggesting that recurring ozone bias is due to overestimation of NOxemissions. Sensitivity studies showed that ozone formation in the United States is most sensitive to NOxemissions, followed by VOCs and CO. PAN as a reservoir of NOxcan contribute to a significant amount of surface ozone through thermal decomposition.
Second primary colorectal cancer after the initial primary colorectal cancer (2018)

The characteristic differences between second LCC and RCC were relatively narrow. Furthermore, in those with SPCRC, RCC had the best survival outcome.
A study of the mechanism of lymphokine production and release. (1980)

The release of lymphokine, a "lymph node activating factor" is not accompanied by changes in the functions of lymphocytes bound on cell membrane, such as the capacity for E rosette formation, PHA responsiveness and induction of the transplantation reaction. Neither is it accompanied by nucleolar transformation which would suggest the changes in nucleolar RNA synthesis and protein synthesis. However, in mixed lymphocyte cultures from which the lymph node activating factor is released, the number of naked lymphocytes increases markedly.
Cutting Edge: Impaired Glycosphingolipid Trafficking and NKT Cell Development in Mice Lacking Niemann-Pick Type C1 Protein (2006)

Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) is a late endosomal/lysosomal transmembrane protein involved in the cellular transport of glycosphingolipids and cholesterol that is mutated in a majority of patients with Niemann-Pick C neurodegenerative disease. We found that NPC1-deficient mice lacked Valpha14-Jalpha18 NKT cells, a major population of CD1d-restricted T cells that is conserved in humans. NPC1-deficient mice also exhibited marked defects in the presentation of Sphingomonas cell wall Ags to NKT cells and in bacterial clearance in vivo. A synthetic fluorescent alpha-glycosylceramide analog of the Sphingomonas Ag trafficked to the lysosome of wild-type cells but accumulated in the late endosome of NPC1-deficient cells. These findings reveal a blockade of lipid trafficking between endosome and lysosome as a consequence of NPC1 deficiency and suggest a common mechanism for the defects in lipid presentation and development of Valpha14-Jalpha18 NKT cells.
Attempted synthesis of bicyclo(2.2.0)hexan-1-ol and other bicyclo(2.2.0)hexane derivatives (1968)

2.0] hexane-1-carboxylate MASS SPECTRA Bicyclo [2.2.Ojhexane-1-methanol, (70 ev.) Bicyclo [2.2.Ojhexane-1-methanol, (14 ev.) 4-Chlorobicyclo [2.2.o]hexane-l-methanol, (70 ev.) 4-Chlorobicyclo [2.2.0] hexane-1-methanol, (14 ev.)
Cooling Performance of a Narrow Impingement Channel Including the Introduction of Cross Flow Upstream of the First Hole (2003)

Impingement channels are often used in turbine blade cooling configurations. This paper examines the heat transfer performance of a typical integrally cast impingement channel. Detailed heat transfer coefficient distributions on all heat transfer surfaces were obtained in a series of low temperature experiments carried out in a large-scale model of a turbine cooling system using liquid crystal techniques. All experiments were performed on a model of a 19-hole, low aspect ratio impingement channel. The effect of flow introduced at the inlet to the channel on the impingement heat transfer within the channel was investigated. A novel test technique has been applied to determine the effect of the initial cross flow on jet penetration. The experiments were performed at an engine representative Reynolds number of 20,000 and examined the effect of additional initial cross flow up to 10% of the total mass flow.
Guidance for Optimal Site Selection of a Leadless Left Ventricular Endocardial Electrode Improves Acute Hemodynamic Response and Chronic Remodeling (2018)

Guided endocardial implants were associated with a higher degree of chronic LV remodeling compared with historical nonguided approaches.
Limits on focused ultrasound for deep hyperthermia (1994)

It becomes increasingly difficult for ultrasound to noninvasively heat larger tumor volumes at depth without overheating intervening normal tissues. For a given acoustic window, there exists a maximum tumor volume at a given depth which can be treated effectively without causing “hot spots” in the normal tissues, even if “ideal” applicators and power deposition techniques are applied. In this paper, the upper bound on the radii of treatable spherical volumes under given physical, anatomic, and physiological constraints is determined. Parametric studies are performed to determine relationships between the upper bound radius and constraints such as acoustic window size, tumor depth, attenuation rate, the tolerable temperature in normal tissues, and blood perfusion rate
Selective Blockade of P2Y12 Receptors by Prasugrel Inhibits Myocardial Infarction Induced by Thrombotic Coronary Artery Occlusion in Rats (2011)

We evaluated the effects of prasugrel, a third-generation thienopyridyl prodrug, on P2Y12 receptors, adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation, and myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Oral administration of prasugrel (0.3-3 mg/kg) resulted in the dose-related inhibition of washed platelet aggregation induced by ADP (1-10 μM). Ex vivo [H]-2-MeS-ADP binding to platelet P2Y12 receptors was also inhibited by prasugrel in a similar dose range. The antiaggregatory effects of prasugrel correlated strongly with P2Y12 blockade with correlation coefficients of 0.85-0.92, suggesting that the antiaggregatory activity of prasugrel largely reflected P2Y12 blockade achieved in vivo. We further examined the effects of the in vivo P2Y12 inhibition by prasugrel (1-10 mg/kg, po) on MI induced by thrombotic coronary artery occlusion in rats. In surviving rats, infarct size at 24 hours after photoirradiation was evaluated. In the vehicle group, necrosis area/total left ventricular area was 37.9% ± 6.8% (mean ± SE, n = 7). At all prasugrel doses tested (n = 7 for each dose), necrosis area/total left ventricular area was significantly smaller than that in the vehicle group: 14.4% ± 4.0% for 1 mg/kg (P < 0.01), 19.8% ± 4.5% for 3 mg/kg (P < 0.05), and 14.8% ± 3.6% for 10 mg/kg (P < 0.01). At the highest administered dose of prasugrel (10 mg/kg), blood pressure and heart rate were unchanged. Arrhythmia was observed in 5 of 7 animals in the vehicle group at 24 hours after irradiation; in contrast, no arrhythmia was found in the group treated with prasugrel (10 mg/kg). Taken together, these results demonstrate that prasugrel is a selective P2Y12 inhibitor in vivo, providing effective inhibition of platelet aggregation and MI in rats.
The Healthy Brains and Behavior Study: objectives, design, recruitment, and population coverage (2013)

Violence is increasingly viewed as a public health issue that may be ameliorated by health-based interventions. The Healthy Brains and Behavior Study (HBBS) aims to identify environmental and biological risk factors for aggression in late childhood and to reduce aggression through psychological and nutritional treatments. Utilizing a cross-disciplinary collaborative research approach, the HBBS has both human and animal components. The human component has two stages consisting of risk assessment followed by treatment. The risk assessment is based on 451 community-residing children aged 11-12 years and their caregivers, during which genetic, brain imaging, neuroendocrine, psychophysiology, environment toxicology, neurocognitive, nutrition, psychological, social and demographic risk variables are collected. Children who met criteria (N = 219) for problematic aggressive behaviors were assigned to one of four treatment groups: cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) alone, nutritional supplements alone, both CBT and nutrition, or treatment-as-usual. Treatment duration was 12 weeks and all children whether in treatment or not were followed-up at three, six, and 12 months. The animal component assessed the effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on the development of aggression. This study contributes knowledge on how biological factors interact with social factors in shaping proactive and reactive aggression and assesses the efficacy of treatment approaches to reduce childhood aggression.
Scaling the Convex Barrier with Active Sets (2021)

Tight and efficient neural network bounding is of critical importance for the scaling of neural network verification systems. A number of efficient specialised dual\nsolvers for neural network bounds have been presented recently, but they are often\ntoo loose to verify more challenging properties. This lack of tightness is linked to\nthe weakness of the employed relaxation, which is usually a linear program of size\nlinear in the number of neurons. While a tighter linear relaxation for piecewise\nlinear activations exists, it comes at the cost of exponentially many constraints and\nthus currently lacks an efficient customised solver. We alleviate this deficiency via\na novel dual algorithm that realises the full potential of the new relaxation by operating on a small active set of dual variables. Our method recovers the strengths\nof the new relaxation in the dual space: tightness and a linear separation oracle. At\nthe same time, it shares the benefits of previous dual approaches for weaker relaxations: massive parallelism, GPU implementation, low cost per iteration and valid\nbounds at any time. As a consequence, we obtain better bounds than off-the-shelf\nsolvers in only a fraction of their running time and recover the speed-accuracy\ntrade-offs of looser dual solvers if the computational budget is small. We demonstrate that this results in significant formal verification speed-ups.