gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF) on human lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and DNA repair (1988)

The effect of extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields on in-vitro mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was studied in two groups of healthy subjects (23 and 85 years, mean ages). An increase of cell proliferation was observed to be much higher in the group of aged subjects. The effects depended on the mitogen dose and involved interleukin-2 production and/or utilization. The DNA repair capability and cell survival in the exposed cultures after gamma irradiation was also evaluated, and no genotoxic effect was found.< <ETX>&gt;</ETX>
Fault tolerant formation flight control of UAVs (2004)

In this paper, we summarise our recent results in fault tolerant formation control of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV). A fault tolerant control scheme to deal with both GPS sensor failure and wireless communication packet losses is presented. Moreover, some extensions to the formation control algorithms developed by UC Berkeley are made to support time-varying heading and curved flight trajectories. The effectiveness of the presented fault tolerant control scheme is illustrated by real-time formation flight simulations conducted in a wireless network environment. Both rotary and fixed wing UAVs, mesh and triangular formations, and straight and curved trajectories are considered in our real-time simulations.
Mode-change mechanisms support for hierarchical FreeRTOS implementation (2013)

Multi-mode embedded real-time systems exhibit a specific behaviour for each mode, and upon a mode-change request the task-set and timing interfaces of the system need to be changed. This paper presents the implementation of a MultiMode Adaptive Hierarchical Scheduling Framework (MMAHSF) and provides a generic skeleton (framework) for a two-level adaptive hierarchical scheduling supporting multiple modes and multiple mode-change mechanisms on an open source real-time operating system (FreeRTOS). The MMAHSF enable application-specific implementations of mode-change protocols using a set of predefined mode-change mechanisms. The paper addresses different mode-change mechanisms at both global and local scheduling levels. It presents examples of mode-change protocols that are developed by composing together these mechanisms in multiple ways and provide the initial results of executing these protocols in the MMAHSF implementation on an AVR 32-bit board EVK1100.
α‐Galactosylceramide‐loaded, antigen‐expressing B cells prime a wide spectrum of antitumor immunity (2008)

Abstract Most of the current tumor vaccines successfully elicit strong protection against tumor but offer little therapeutic effect against existing tumors, highlighting the need for a more effective vaccine strategy. Vaccination with tumor antigen‐presenting cells can induce antitumor immune responses. We have previously shown that NKT‐licensed B cells prime cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with epitope peptide and generate prophylactic/therapeutic antitumor effects. To extend our B cell vaccine approach to the whole antigen, and to overcome the MHC restriction, we used a nonreplicating adenovirus to transduce B cells with antigenic gene. Primary B cells transduced with an adenovirus‐encoding truncated Her‐2/ neu (AdHM) efficiently expressed Her‐2/ neu. Compared with the moderate antitumor activity induced by vaccination with adenovirus‐transduced B cells (B/AdHM), vaccination with α‐galactosylceramide‐loaded B/AdHM (B/AdHM/αGalCer) induced significantly stronger antitumor immunity, especially in the tumor‐bearing mice. The depletion study showed that CD4 + , CD8 + and NK cells were all necessary for the therapeutic immunity. Confirming the results of the depletion study, B/AdHM/αGalCer vaccination induced cytotoxic NK cell responses but B/AdHM did not. Vaccination with B/AdHM/αGalCer generated Her‐2/ neu ‐specific antibodies more efficiently than B/AdHM immunization. More importantly, B/AdHM/αGalCer could prime Her‐2/ neu ‐specific cytotoxic T cells more efficiently and durably than B/AdHM. CD4 + cells appeared to be necessary for the induction of antibody and CTL responses. Our results demonstrate that, with the help of NKT cells, antigen‐transduced B cells efficiently induce innate immunity as well as a wide range of adaptive immunity against the tumor, suggesting that they could be used to develop a novel cellular vaccine. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First stage multicasting in a growable packet (ATM) switch (2002)

A three-stage packet switch architecture that uses a two stage, self-routing, memoryless, interconnection network to interconnect a third stage of smaller packet switches was proposed by K.Y. Eng. et al. (Proc. IEEE Globecom, p.1159-65, vol.2, 1989). Two new routing algorithms that facilitate the multicastings of packets with this architecture are proposed. The two routing algorithms, one of which duplicates packets at only the first stage and the other which duplicates packets at the first and third stages, require only minimal alterations to the switch. An analysis is made of the switch's multicast performance, finding an overbound on the packet loss probability. The analysis, which identifies three sources of packet loss, shows that good multicast performance is maintained with only a small increase in the architecture's expansion provided that, on average, the load is not severely concentrated onto any particular input section as a result of multicasting.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Automatic Energy Saving system to reduce the waste of PC electricity (2011)

Due to the advancements in Information Technology, the use of PC and monitor has been increasing substantially and has become an important tool in our society. However, these two products use the power on ‘working state’ even during unused time, such as break time or meal time. This is the waste of power. To reduce the waste of power, the time period for power saving mode can be controlled by PC power management options. But this is difficult method for a beginner. Therefore, this paper proposes a new efficient system to control the power management by a monitor, not by PC. We combine PIR(Pyroelectric Infrared Ray)sensor, USB Keyboard Controller and USB Hub into the monitor. It provides an alternative method to save power consumption by detecting human movement. This system can automatically send a command to PC to go into the sleeping state when user leaves from the seat. And when user comes back to the seat, it can automatically return to the working state. Finally, the power consumption for PC and monitor has been measured. The proposed system can be widely applied to the energy saving product.
Edge Computing Assisted Joint Quality Adaptation for Mobile Video Streaming (2019)

Most studies on adaptive streaming over Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) have focused on improving the quality of experience (QoE) of clients by running the rate adaptation algorithm on the client side. In a cellular environment, this leads to inefficient resource utilization because of the lack of coordination between the competing clients. In cellular networks, the key challenge for HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) is to optimize the conflicting video quality objectives. Edge cloud-assisted adaptive streaming presents an opportunity to optimize the quality of experience in cellular networks by moving the adaptation intelligence from the client to the edge cloud. HAS algorithms select the video quality based on the estimated throughput and playback buffer level. In this paper, we first present a joint throughput estimation method for HAS by taking advantage of mobile edge computing. Next, we present an optimized solution for multi-access edge computing (MEC)-assisted HAS by using edge cloud capabilities. Due to the non-deterministic polynomial-time hardness of the problem, we design a heuristic rate adaptation algorithm to jointly enhance the quality metrics of the competing clients. Our extension simulation results show that the proposed edge cloud-assisted rate adaptation algorithm outperforms the existing strategies under different client-side and server-side settings. Furthermore, we show that the proposed algorithm is promising under slow-moving and fast-moving environments.
Combining Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Vector Network Analysis to obtain Electromagnetic Response in a Wide Wavelength Region (2007)

Combining Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Vector Network Analysis to obtain Electromagnetic Response in a Wide Wavelength Region
Absorption spectroscopy in microfluidic flow cells using a metal clad leaky waveguide device with a porous gel waveguide layer (2012)

Broadband absorption spectroscopy is advantageous because the full spectral profile of an analyte can permit identification of species. This work for the first time investigates the feasibility of a metal clad leaky waveguide (MCLW) device to obtain an absorption spectrum of an analyte of interest, methylene blue, using a white light source in a microfluidic flow cell. The MCLW device comprises a porous low refractive index gel, agarose, deposited on a titanium coated glass slide. The device was capable of detecting 2.3 μM of methylene blue at a wavelength of 650 nm. The corresponding minimum detectable absorbance is 1.6 × 10(-1) cm(-1). In comparison to commonly used detection devices the MCLW is simpler, robust, easier to fabricate and can be easily interfaced to microfluidic devices. It was also possible to store the MCLW devices dry for up to a year and rehydrate them in 30 s to a working condition.
Fabrication temperature effect of the field emission from closed and open tip carbon nanotube arrays fabricated on anodic aluminum oxide films (2004)

We have studied the field emission from highly ordered closed and open tip carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fabricated, in the range of 550–750°C, on porous anodic aluminum oxide films. The field-emission efficiency of the closed and open tip CNTs showed the opposite behavior as the fabrication temperature increased. The former decreased, whereas the latter increased with an increase in the fabrication temperature. From the HRTEM analysis, as the fabrication temperature increased, the crystallinity of the inner walls was improved, whereas that of the outer walls deteriorated due to the formation of a composite of carbon and alumina. This could be a direct cause of the opposite field-emission behavior of the closed and open tip CNTs with an increasing fabrication temperature, because for the open tips, the field emission could take place from all the walls including the inner walls but for the closed tips, only from the outer walls. This is supported by the observation that the field emission of the closed tip CNTs fabricated at a high temperature was greatly improved by milling the surface of the tips, slightly, with ion bombardment. Our results suggest a way to fabricate a high efficiency CNT field-emitter array.
Liquid-liquid phase separation of FG-nucleoporins. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Abstract 2973: CD269 - A promising target for amanitin based ADCs (2016)

Abstract Antitumor activity of monoclonal antibodies can be dramatically enhanced by conjugation to toxic small molecules. Beside the recent approval of Kadcyla (T-DM1) and Adcetris (SGN-35) more than 30 antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have entered clinical trials, promising to strengthen the therapeutic capabilities for cancer treatment in the next decade. Surprisingly most ADCs are based on one of few toxic compounds only and on an even smaller number of toxicity mechanisms: Most antibodies are coupled to the microtubuli-targeting auristatins and maytansines. Toxins that operate through such a mechanism could suffer from limited activity in different cancer indications and in cells expressing resistance mechanisms. Accordingly the use of new drugs that function via alternative toxicity mechanisms could enhance the therapeutic potential of ADCs. Heidelberg Pharma focuses on Amanitin, the most well-known toxin of the amatoxin family. Amanitin binds to the eukaryotic RNA pol II and thereby inhibits the cellular transcription at very low concentrations. In the current study, in vitro and in vivo Data of Amanitin-ADCs targeting CD269 (B cell maturation antigen) are presented. CD269 is expressed on cells of the B cell lineage, predominantly on plasma blasts and plasma cells. It is not expressed on naïve B cells, germinal center B cells and memory B-cells (Darce et al. (2007) J Immunol 179:7276-7286). CD269 is highly expressed on malignant plasma cells like multiple myeloma, a B cell non Hodgkin lymphoma of the bone marrow (Novak et al. (2004) Blood 103:689-94). Since multiple myeloma is a usually incurable malignancy of plasma cells, new therapies are urgently needed. Using ADCs in the cure of multiple myeloma could be a promising approach, especially by using a toxin whose mode of action was not applied before, like amanitin based ADCs. In vitro data of anti-CD269-amanitin ADC showed cytotoxicity on CD269 positive cell lines in picomolar range, while up to micromolar concentrations, no cytotoxic activity on CD269 negative cells was observed. In mouse xenograft models, anti-CD269-amanitin showed clear anti-tumorigenic potential. A comprehensive data package will be presented. Citation Format: Aniko Palfi, Torsten Hechler, Christoph Mueller, Andreas Pahl, Michael Kulke. CD269 - A promising target for amanitin based ADCs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2973.
Protection against aerosolMycobacterium tuberculosis infection usingMycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Guérin-infected dendritic cells (1999)

In the lung, dendritic cells (DC) are key antigen-presenting cells capable of triggering specific cellular responses to inhaled pathogens, and thus, they may be important in the initiation of an early response to mycobacterial infections. The ability of DC to enhance antigen presentation to naive T cells within the lungs was characterized with respect to Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccination against M. tuberculosis infection. In vitro derived DC were infected with BCG, which induced their maturation, as shown by the increased expression of MHC class II antigens, CD80 and CD86 co-stimulatory molecules. The synthesis of mRNA for IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist was also enhanced. When administered intratracheally in mice, infected DC induced a potent T cell response and the production of IFN-gamma to mycobacterial antigens in the mediastinal lymph nodes, leading to a significant protection against aerosol M. tuberculosis infection. Intriguingly, although the vaccination schedule for BCG-infected DC was much shorter than subcutaneous BCG vaccination (7 days as compared to 100 days), both types of vaccination showed similar levels of protection. These data confirm that DC can be potent inducers of a cellular immune response against mycobacteria and support the concept of combining DC strategies with mycobacterial vaccines for protective immunity against tuberculosis.
Synthesis, crystal structure and conductive properties of garnet-type lithium ion conductor Al-free Li<sub>7&minus;</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2&minus;</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Ta<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>12</sub> (0 &le; <i>x</i> &le; 0.6) (2016)

We investigated the phase formation and the conductive properties of the Al-free Li7−xLa3Zr2−xTaxO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) samples. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the Li7La3Zr2O12 (x = 0) and Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (x = 0.6) samples were assigned to be single phases of tetragonal (space group: I41/acd) and cubic (space group: Ia-3d) structures, respectively. On the other hand, the intermediate compositional samples of Li7−xLa3Zr2−xTaxO12 (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) showed a coexistence of both the tetragonal and cubic phases. To investigate the conductive property of the prepared samples, the Li-ion conductivity was measured in a temperature range from 253 to 313 K by AC impedance method. All of the Al-free Li7−xLa3Zr2−xTaxO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) samples exhibited relatively high conductivity of ∼10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature, and the Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (x = 0.5) sample showed the highest Li-ion conductivity of 8.4 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. In order to clarify the relationship between the Li-ion conductivity and the Li-ion arrangement, the crystal structure analysis of Li7−xLa3Zr2−xTaxO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) was performed by Rietveld analysis using powder X-ray diffraction data. The Li(2) atom at 96h site was gradually shifted together with increasing Ta-content from x = 0.2 to 0.5 resulting the shorter Li–Li distance in the loop structure of the cubic garnet-type framework structure.
Odorant Intensity as a Determinant for Olfactory Conditioning in Honeybees: Roles in Discrimination, Overshadowing and Memory Consolidation (1997)

Stimulus intensity is an important determinant for perception, learning and behaviour. We studied the effects of odorant concentration on classical conditioning involving odorants and odorant-mechanosensory compounds using the proboscis-extension reflex in the honeybee. Our results show that high concentrations of odorant (a) support better discrimination in a feature-positive task using rewarded odorant-mechanosensory compounds versus unrewarded mechanosensory stimuli, (b) have a stronger capacity to overshadow learning of a simultaneously trained mechanosensory stimulus, and (c) induce better memory consolidation. Furthermore, honeybees were trained discriminatively to two different concentrations of one odorant. Honeybees are not able to solve this task when presented with rewarded low versus unrewarded high concentrations. Taken together, our results suggest that high concentrations of odorant support stronger associations (are more 'salient') than low concentrations. Our results, however, do not indicate that honeybees can treat two different concentrations of one odorant as qualitatively different stimuli. These findings fill a gap in what is known about honeybee olfactory learning and are a first step in relating behaviour to recent advances in the physiological analysis of coding for odorant concentration in honeybees.
Amino acid substitutions in subunit 9 of the mitochondrial ATPase complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1987)

This work concerns a biochemical genetic study of subunit 9 of the mitochondrial ATPase complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Subunit 9, encoded by the mitochondrial oli1 gene, contains a hydrophilic loop connecting two transmembrane stems. In one particular oli1 mit- mutant 2422, the substitution of a positively charged amino acid in this loop (Arg39----Met) renders the ATPase complex non-functional. A series of 20 revertants, selected for their ability to grow on nonfermentable substrates, has been isolated from mutant 2422. The results of DNA sequence analysis of the oli1 gene in each revertant have led to the recognition of three groups of revertants. Class I revertants have undergone a same-site reversion event: the mutant Met39 is replaced either by arginine (as in wild-type) or lysine. Class II revertants maintain the mutant Met39 residue, but have undergone a second-site reversion event (Asn35----Lys). Two revertants showing an oligomycin-resistant phenotype carry this same second-site reversion in the loop region together with a further amino acid substitution in either of the two membrane-spanning segments of subunit 9 (either Gly23----Ser or Leu53----Phe). Class III revertants contain subunit 9 with the original mutant 2422 sequence, and additionally carry a recessive nuclear suppressor, demonstrated to represent a single gene. The results on the revertants in classes I and II indicate that there is a strict requirement for a positively charged residue in the hydrophilic loop close to the boundary of the lipid bilayer. The precise location of this positive charge is less stringent; in functional ATPase complexes it can be found at either residue 39 or 35. This charged residue is possibly required to interact with some other component of the mitochondrial ATPase complex. These findings, together with hydropathy plots of subunit 9 polypeptides from normal, mutant and revertant strains, led to the conclusion that the hydrophilic loop in normal subunit 9 extends further than previously suggested, with the boundary of the N-terminal membrane-embedded stem lying at residue 34. The possibility is raised that the observed suppression of the 2422 mutant phenotype in class III revertants is manifested through an accommodating change in a nuclear-encoded subunit of the ATPase complex.
Lithium Insertion Mechanism in Tin-Based Spinel Sulfides (1999)

Cu2MSn3S8 (M = Fe, Co) spinel compounds have been studied as cathode materials in Li/LiPF6(1M)-PC-EC/spinel sulfide cells. To understand the lithium insertion mechanism, both pristine compounds and chemically inserted products were characterized by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XPD), 119Sn Mössbauer Spectroscopy (MS), and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) at the sulfur K-edge. To accommodate the inserted lithium ions, two steps of reduction have been observed. First, for a low lithium content (up to 2 Li per formula), a copper reduction is occurring. Moreover, for the iron-based compound the copper atoms extraction is associated with a migration of iron atoms from the 16c octahedral sites toward the 8a tetrahedral sites. Second, for a high lithium content (above 2 Li per formula) a complex and simultaneous reduction of tin(IV) toward tin(II) and tin(0) has been clearly observed as well as a distortion of sulfur coordination polyhedra during the insertion process. From an electrochemical point of view, these spinels are rather interesting as model compounds regarding the lithium insertion study.
Molybdenum Film Formation by Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (1983)

A new low pressure chemical vapor deposition apparatus for molybdenum film formation by the hydrogen reduction of molybdenum pentachloride is developed. The apparatus realizes the uniformity of film thickness within ±5% for 25 wafers per batch and molybdenum film formation without oxidation. It is found that the deposition rate is controlled by surface reaction up to a higher temperature than that under atmospheric pressure and is proportional to the 3/2 power of hydrogen partial pressure in the region of surface reaction.
LED location beacon system based on processing of digital images (2001)

This paper is in the field of vehicle positioning technology for the intelligent transportation systems. The ideas of an innovative light-emitting diode (LED)-based location beacon system are developed and verified. The system developed is a combination of several latest technologies which include a CMOS vision sensor, high brightness LED, and digital image processing techniques. It belongs to a new kind of simplex communication link. A digital camera is used to capture images contained in the LED beacon signal. The captured digital images are processed by the algorithms developed and a location code is extracted. The location code can be used for calibration of a vehicle positioning system which may consist of a GPS, inertial navigation system (INS) and other sensors. The issues examined include the structure of the transmitter and the receiver, the signaling method, the transmission protocol of the LED panel, the relationship between the camera capturing rate and the LED pattern update rate, the digital camera exposure technology, and the efficiency of the image processing algorithms. Experiments using a prototype transmitter and a receiver were performed. The experimental results provide a good demonstration of the viability of the ideas and methodologies developed.