gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Representing normal and shearing forces on the mobile device with visuo-haptic interaction and a rear touch interface (2014)

The main contribution of this paper is to realize a visuo-haptic system that represents normal and shearing forces on a mobile device using visuo-haptic interaction and a rear-touch interface. Input with a touch-panel interface is typically inaccurate because a user cannot obtain haptic feedback, and the touch point is occluded by the user's finger. To overcome this problem, we propose a visuo-haptic system with a rear-touch interface to evoke the haptic sensation without using haptic devices. For normal force, the system modifies the shape of a virtual object when the user presses on the device from behind. For shearing force, the system produces a mismatch between the speed of the touch point on the rear side, which is hidden by the monitor, and a cursor, which shows a touch point displayed on the monitor. Using this system, we conducted experiments to explore the effect of visuo-haptic interaction of normal and shearing forces with a rear-touch interface. The results demonstrated that more than 80% of participants perceived greater stiffness with the deformed model than the model not deformed by normal force. In addition, the results showed significant differences in perception of shearing force based on differing strengths of visual feedback.
Pb tolerance and bioaccumulation by the mycelia of Flammulina velutipes in artificial enrichment medium (2014)

Mushrooms have the ability to accumulate high concentrations of heavy metals, which gives them potential for use as bioremediators of environmental contamination. The Pb(2+) tolerance and accumulation ability of living mycelia of Flammulina velutipes were studied in this work. Mycelial growth was inhibited when exposed to 1 mM Pb(2+). The colony diameter on solid medium decreased almost 10% compared with the control. Growth decreased almost 50% when the Pb(2+) concentration increased to 4 mM in the medium, with the colony diameter decreasing from 80 mm to 43.4 mm, and dry biomass production in liquid cultures decreasing from 9.23±0.55 to 4.27±0.28 g/L. Lead ions were efficiently accumulated in the mycelia. The amount of Pb(2+) in the mycelia increased with increasing Pb(2+) concentration in the medium, with the maximum concentration up to 707±91.4 mg/kg dry weight. We also show evidence that a large amount of the Pb(2+) was adsorbed to the mycelial surface, which may indicate that an exclusion mechanism is involved in Pb tolerance. These results demonstrate that F. velutipes could be useful as a remediator of heavy metal contamination because of the characteristics of high tolerance to Pb(2+) and efficient accumulation of Pb(2+) ions by the mycelia.
Advanced emissions control development program. Quarterly technical progress report {number_sign}4, July 1--September 30, 1995 (1995)

Babcock and Wilcox (B and W) is conducting a five-year project aimed at the development of practical, cost-effective strategies for reducing the emissions of hazardous air pollutants (commonly called air toxics) from coal-fired electric utility plants. The need for air toxic emissions controls will likely arise as the US Environmental Protection Agency proceeds with implementation of Title III of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Data generated during the program will provide utilities with the technical and economic information necessary to reliably evaluate various air toxics emissions compliance options such as fuel switching, coal cleaning, and flue gas treatment. The development work is being carried out using B and W`s new Clean Environment Development Facility (CEDF) wherein air toxics emissions control strategies can be developed under controlled conditions, and with proven predictability to commercial systems. Tests conducted in the CEDF will provide high quality, repeatable, comparable data over a wide range of coal properties, operating conditions, and emissions control systems. The specific objectives of the project are to: (1) measure and understand the production and partitioning of air toxics species for a variety of steam coals, (2) optimize the air toxics removal performance of conventional flue gas cleanup systems (ESPs, baghouses, scrubbers), (3) develop advanced air toxics emissions control concepts, (4) develop and validate air toxics emissions measurement and monitoring techniques, and (5) establish a comprehensive, self-consistent air toxics data library. Development work is currently concentrated on the capture of mercury, fine particulate, and a variety of inorganic species such as the acid gases (hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, etc.).
Engineered Oilwell-cement-based Systems for Optimum Validation of Cased-hole Ultrasonic Tools (2014)

Abstract Cement is a critical component in an oil well because it provides sealing and zonal isolation within the well. To help ensure proper performance of a cementing operation, various evaluation techniques/tools have been developed and used over the years, including some based on ultrasonic pulse echo technology. Ultrasonic pulse echo evaluation tools can play a key role in determining in-situ cement performance and if any remedial cementing is required. As the oil and gas industry continues to migrate toward more challenging reservoirs with increasingly harsh conditions, and coupled with more stringent regulatory requirements, significant technology improvements are helping ensure well integrity and safety. For example, ultrasonic tools are being reengineered for the capability to penetrate thick-walled casings (&amp;gt;0.75 in.) commonly used in complex situations, such as deepwater and high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) wells. Meanwhile, there is also great demand for better optimized validation techniques to confirm the operational performance of these new evaluation tools. This paper focuses on investigating the use of oilwell cements as validation media of current and advanced ultrasonic tools designed for cement and casing evaluations. The evaluation system developed in this study consists of a combination of various validation media with a wide range of acoustic impedances (1.5 to 8.5 MRayl) and a multicasing fixture with casing wall thicknesses ranging from 0.4 to 1.4 in. This system could be used for the evaluation of tool performance in the presence of various muds and across a range of temperature and pressure conditions. Performance effectiveness was evaluated by measuring the acoustic impedance of the different media bonded to a multithickness casing and comparing the results to those acquired by direct acoustic measurement performed on the same media. The evolution of acoustic properties over time, directly related to cement hydration, was also monitored. An advanced pulse echo technology tool was used to perform preliminary validation using the newly developed evaluation system. This resulted in a clear trend of impedance evolution that correlates well with the direct impedance measurement of cement media.
Catalytic SNAr of unactivated aryl chlorides (2014)

We present nucleophilic aromatic substitution of unsubstituted aryl chlorides via a mechanism that is catalytic in [CpRu(p-cymene)]PF6 and involves a Ru(η(6)-arylchloride) intermediate. From the spectroscopic evidence we infer that arene exchange is the rate limiting step in this process and develop several new Ru(ii) complexes that lower the activation barrier to arene exchange.
Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis- DutchType: Better Correlation of Cognitive Deterioration with Advancing Age than with Number of Focal Lesions or White Matter Hyperintensities (1996)

The relationship between cognitive deterioration and abnormalities detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was investigated to determine the radiological correlates of cognitive deterioration in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis-Dutch type (HCHWA-D). Twenty HCHWA-D subjects (12 patients who had suffered one or more strokes and eight who had not suffered a stroke) were studied with MRI and underwent extensive neuropsychological examination. On MRI the number of focal lesions was counted, and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) were scored semiquantitatively. A significant correlation between cognitive deterioration and WMH score and number of focal lesions was found. However, cognitive deterioration, WMH score, and the number of focal lesions all increase with age, and therefore their mutual correlation can be explained as an age effect. This study shows that cognitive deterioration in HCHWA-D is not correlated with abnormalities detected by MRI (number of focal lesions and subcortical WMHs) independently of age. Although a contribution of white matter changes and/or focal lesions, possibly in combination with age, to cognitive deterioration cannot be excluded. Cognitive deterioration in these HCHWA-D patients is probably primarily the result of chronic damage of amyloid angiopathy to the brain, to which may be superimposed cognitive impairment from focal cerebral hemorrhage or infarction.
Microlinear Halbach Array of Thick-Film Nd–Fe–B Magnets Utilizing Local Laser Irradiation and a Direction-Changeable External Magnetic Field (2020)

The Halbach array magnetization of thick-film Nd-Fe-B magnets using local laser irradiation is examined. A 75 μm thick isotropic Nd-Fe-B magnet is deposited on a Si substrate by pulsed laser deposition and used to form microlinear Halbach arrays. The micromagnetization patterning of the Halbach arrays is realized by a combination of pulsed magnetization and laser-assisted heating with changing the external magnetic field direction. Halbach magnetic patterns with a pitch of 200 μm are obtained over a surface area of 1.7 mm width and 2.8 mm length. Their magnetic density over the top surface was measured by a scanning Hall probe. The vertical magnetic field value peak-to-peak at 100 μm from the magnet surface was 65 mT for the Halbach pattern, 2.7 times that of 24 mT for an alternating pattern.
Performance of FBK low-afterpulse NUV silicon photomultipliers for PET application (2016)

The improvement of the coincidence resolving time (CRT) is one of the key factors for the next generation of positron emission tomography (PET) scanners. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are strong candidates to substitute photo multipliers tubes because of their compactness, ruggedness and insensitivity to magnetic fields. In order to achieve the best CRT, the SiPM should have high PDE which can be obtained increasing the bias voltage. We recently improved the NUV SiPM technology, with the addition of a new substrate type that provides significantly lower afterpulsing probability (Low-AP). This enables to extend the maximum bias voltage and thus obtain higher PDE. Additionally, we implemented a lower electric field version (Low-F) to reduce the field-enhanced thermal generation components of the dark count rate. In this work we present results of energy and timing resolution for PET application, using LYSO scintillator crystals, and coupled with 3 × 3 mm2 NUV SiPMs of three types: non-Low-AP, Low-AP and Low-AP + Low-F. All the devices reach very similar energy resolutions, around 9.5 %, and close to the intrinsic limit of the LYSO. Concerning the timing resolution, we found that the Low-AP substrate achieves an improvement of the CRT of ≈ 30 ps, confirmed with the Low-F. Using 4 × 4 mm2 Low-AP SiPMs coupled to 3 × 3 × 5 mm3 and 3.8 × 3.8 × 22 mm3 LYSO crystals we obtained CRTs of 130 and 200 ps FWHM, respectively.
Synthesis of Pyridazine Derivatives via Aza-Diels–Alder Reactions of 1,2,3-Triazine Derivatives and 1-Propynylamines (2021)

A highly regioselective method was developed for the preparation of pyridazine derivatives via the aza-Diels-Alder reaction of 1,2,3-triazines with 1-propynylamines under neutral conditions. This methodology allowed direct access to a wide range of 6-aryl-pyridazin-3-amines in high yields with good functional group compatibility. Key features of this strategy included a broad substrate scope and simple, metal-free, and neutral reaction conditions.
New Considerations in the Treatment and Prevention of Rhinovirus Infections (2005)

Rhinoviruses are a very common cause of infections in children. Although these infections are most closely associated with the common cold, recent studies have established the rhinoviruses as important causes of other upper and lower respiratory illnesses as well. Treatment of these infections is limited to symptomatic therapy. There is no clear evidence that treatment with zinc or echinacea have any role in these infections. Interruption of transmission by handwashing remains the only method for prevention of rhinovirus infections.
Reversible Binding of C60 to an Anthracene Bearing a Dendritic Poly(amidoamine) Substituent to give a Water-Soluble Fullerodendrimer This work was partly supported by The Nissan Science Foundation, The Japan Space Forum Foundation, Grant-in-Aid for COE Research (No. 10CE2003), and Priority-Area-Research (B) (No. 12129205) by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan. (2002)

Reversible Diels–Alder reaction of C60 with an anthracenyl dendron bearing a poly(amidoamine) substituent forms the fullerodendrimer depicted. It is readily soluble in water and acts as a photosensitizer for the generation of singlet oxygen.
Surface modification of silicon (111) by annealing at high temperature in hydrogen (1996)

A vicinal silicon (111) surface exhibits well defined single steps after being annealed at 1200 °C in hydrogen, which is in sharp contrast with step bunches featuring the surface annealed in argon. As a temporary explanation for its ability to unzip the step bunches, we suggest that hydrogen destroys the faulted triangles of a [112̄] step, eliminates this kind of step, and eventually leaves the single [1̄1̄2] steps alone behind on the surface.
Automated and Manual Methods for the Determination of Polyacrylamide and Other Anionic Polymers (1987)

Summary The concentration of Polyacrylamides is determined by precipitation with Hyamine® 1622 Reagent 1 and by measurement of the amount of light scattered by the resulting turbidity. The analysis can be automated as well as adapted for field trials. The effects of anionic surfactants, changes in Polyacrylamide molecular weight, and salinity are discussed.
Automatic Evaluation of Speech Rhythm Instability and Acceleration in Dysarthrias Associated with Basal Ganglia Dysfunction (2015)

Speech rhythm abnormalities are commonly present in patients with different neurodegenerative disorders. These alterations are hypothesized to be a consequence of disruption to the basal ganglia circuitry involving dysfunction of motor planning, programing, and execution, which can be detected by a syllable repetition paradigm. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to design a robust signal processing technique that allows the automatic detection of spectrally distinctive nuclei of syllable vocalizations and to determine speech features that represent rhythm instability (RI) and rhythm acceleration (RA). A further aim was to elucidate specific patterns of dysrhythmia across various neurodegenerative disorders that share disruption of basal ganglia function. Speech samples based on repetition of the syllable /pa/ at a self-determined steady pace were acquired from 109 subjects, including 22 with Parkinson's disease (PD), 11 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 9 multiple system atrophy (MSA), 24 ephedrone-induced parkinsonism (EP), 20 Huntington's disease (HD), and 23 healthy controls. Subsequently, an algorithm for the automatic detection of syllables as well as features representing RI and RA were designed. The proposed detection algorithm was able to correctly identify syllables and remove erroneous detections due to excessive inspiration and non-speech sounds with a very high accuracy of 99.6%. Instability of vocal pace performance was observed in PSP, MSA, EP, and HD groups. Significantly increased pace acceleration was observed only in the PD group. Although not significant, a tendency for pace acceleration was observed also in the PSP and MSA groups. Our findings underline the crucial role of the basal ganglia in the execution and maintenance of automatic speech motor sequences. We envisage the current approach to become the first step toward the development of acoustic technologies allowing automated assessment of rhythm in dysarthrias.
Influence of controlled morphology on space charge accumulation by using linear polyethylene blends (2002)

Space charge measurements have been performed on model samples where the morphology is controlled by blend composition and thermal pretreatment. A low molar mass linear polyethylene fraction (L2; M/sub W/=2200 g/mol) has been blended with a high molar mass linear polyethylene. L2 was either completely segregated after isothermal crystallization or showed a limited degree of cocrystallization with the higher molar mass grade after rapid cooling from the melt. The mass crystallinity (w/sub c/) varied between 65 and 90% depending on the L2 content and the thermal pretreatment. w/sub c/ increased with increasing L2 content and was significantly higher for the isothermally crystallized samples. Space charge measurements (PEA) showed that the space charge accumulation increased strongly with increasing L2 content and thus also with increasing crystallinity. At a specified degree of crystallinity, the space charge accumulation decreased with increasing crystallization temperature.
A new classification of ocular surface burns (2001)

Ocular burns constitute true ocular emergencies and both thermal and chemical burns represent potentially blinding ocular injuries. Thermal burns result from accidents associated with firework explosions, steam, boiling water, or molten metal (commonly aluminium). Chemical burns may be caused by either alkaline or acidic agents. Common alkaline agents include ammonium hydroxide used in fertiliser production, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) used for cleaning drains and pipes, and calcium hydroxide found in lime plaster and cement. Alkaline agents are particularly damaging as they have both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, which allow them to rapidly penetrate cell membranes and enter the anterior chamber. Alkali damage results from interaction of the hydroxyl ions causing saponification of cell membranes and cell death along with disruption of the extracellular matrix. Common acidic agents causing injury include sulphuric acid found in car batteries, sulphurous acid found in some bleaches, and hydrochloric acid used in swimming pools. Acids tend to cause less damage than alkalis as many corneal proteins bind acid and act as a chemical buffer. In addition, coagulated tissue acts as a barrier to further penetration of acid. Acid binds to collagen and causes fibril shrinkage.

Historically, it has been recognised that the extent of tissue damage is a prognostic indicator of recovery following ocular surface injury. Recovery of ocular surface burns depends upon the causative agent and the extent of damage to corneal, limbal, and conjunctival tissues at the time of injury. Damage to intraocular structures influences the final visual outcome. Ballen1 first suggested a classification which was later modified by Roper-Hall to provide prognostic guidelines based on the corneal appearance and the extent of limbal ischaemia.2 This classification has become the commonly used benchmark since its introduction in 1965 (Table1).

View this table:

Table 1 
Classification of severity of ocular surface burns by Roper-Hall2 …
Improved Bandwidth Formulas for Fabry-Pérot Cavity Antennas Formed by Using a Thin Partially-Reflective Surface (2014)

The power bandwidth of Fabry-Pérot-cavity antennas comprised of a thin partially-reflective-surface (PRS) above a perfectly conducting ground plane, based on its transverse-equivalent-network model and the simple susceptance model of a thin PRS, is studied. Considering the frequency variation of the PRS susceptance model, a new formula is proposed to estimate the power density bandwidth and thus (approximately) the gain bandwidth of such cavities. The application and accuracy of the proposed formula are investigated using both numerical (i.e., based on full-wave simulations) and analytical (i.e., based on a transmission-line model of the antenna) methods. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed formula is investigated for cavities formed using a finite versus infinite PRS.
Ethnic variations in self‐perceived sensitive skin: epidemiological survey (2002)

To examine possible ethnic variations in perception of sensitive skin, an epidemiological survey was performed in the San Francisco area. Approximately 800 telephone interviews were conducted with women from four different ethnic groups (Afro-Americans, Asians, Euro-Americans, Hispanics; approximately 200 women per group). In addition to sensitive facial skin assessments, age and other general skin condition data were collected. 52% of the subjects identified themselves as having sensitive facial skin. There was no statistical difference between the ethnic groups in terms of sensitive skin prevalence. Nevertheless, some differences were noted between ethnic subgroups of sensitive skin. Euro-Americans were characterized by a higher skin reactivity to wind and tended to be less reactive to cosmetics. Afro-Americans presented diminished skin reactivity to most environmental factors and a lower frequency of recurring facial redness. Asians appeared to have greater skin reactivity to spicy food, to sudden changes in temperature and to wind, and tended to suffer from itching more frequently. Hispanics presented a lower incidence of skin reactivity to alcohol. The differences in skin sensitivity between ethnic groups concerned mostly factors of skin reactivity and, to a lesser extent, its symptomatology. But, taken together, we note the similarities in comparing how women of varying ethnic backgrounds perceive the sensitive skin condition.
The role of contrast in the perceived depth of monocular imagery (2011)

There are many visual cues that provide sensations of depth or distance in our observations of real-world 3D scenes as well as 2D images. In the latter case, these cues are monocular in that the images appear the same to both retinae and do not have binocular disparity that can be used to form depth judgments. Examples include perspective, relative sizes of objects, familiarity with sizes of objects, occlusion, contrast, brightness, color saturation, and haze. Contrast and brightness are of particular interest to us since they can be manipulated through a much greater range on high dynamic range displays than is possible on conventional displays.