gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic random field based method for annotated machine printed documents preprocessing (2011)

Today, the convenience of search, both on the personal computer hard disk and on the web, is essentially limited to machine-printed text documents and images because of the poor accuracy of handwriting recognizers. The proposed research will advance the state-of-the-art in realizing search of hand-annotated documents. We will primarily target machine-printed documents which have been annotated by hand by multiple writers in an office/collaborative environment. In applications where the annotations are action instructions (such as, “make 4 copies”, “remove Figure X” etc.) we can envision the proposed system serving as the front end of an OCR-based NLP module. We expect that the techniques developed in this dissertation will be also useful for retrieval of pages from material in languages for which accurate OCRs do not exist. 
The main research task proposed is that of segmenting handwritten text, machine printed text, noise or overlapped text, sometimes referred to as the task of ”ink separation”. Prior techniques primarily use histogram thresholding and analysis of the connectivity of strokes. These algorithms, although effective, rely on heuristic rules of spatial constraints, and are not scalable across applications. We have developed a system that is composed by three parts: the binariztion of document images (focus on hand-held devices captured documents), a boosted tree classifier to perform the initial classification which is followed by a Markov random field (MRF) based approach to re-label the initial segments based on their statistical dependencies within a neighborhood. The MRF based binarization will provide a reliable binarized document image for segmentation even with bad illumination. The boost tree will allow dividing the training data set into several small clusters and use a simple classifier to solve the initial labeling at the cluster (homogeneous) levels. The overlapped text will be further separated using a MRF based method. 
The isolated handwritten textual blocks will be indexed (unsupervised) based on writing instrument, style, ink color, etc. as being possible indicators of different writers. We have shown the ability to selectively remove the annotations belonging to a particular writer and allow the end user of the system to view an unmarked document even though the original document image is marked up. This feature will be accomplished by intelligent document restoration whereby the removal of overlapping strokes does not damage the underlying machine-printed text. 
We have performed experiments on a large document dataset and report results.
[Pretreatment technology for fly ash from MSWI and the corresponding study of chloride behavior]. (2013)

The introduced pretreatment technology, WCCB (Washing + Calcination), was effective to reduce chlorides in fly ash by consuming relatively low energy for recycling fly ash as the raw material for cement industry. The washing conditions are: twice-washing, liquid/solid = 3, mixing speed = 150 r x min(-1), 1st mixing time = 5 min, and 2nd mixing time = 10 min. The original incinerator was used for the calcination process, 1 000 degrees C, 10% O2 and dwelling time of 1 hour were adopted. By adopting X-ray absorption near edge structure and X-ray diffraction, the behavior of chlorides was explained and NaCl, KCl and CaCl2 are the main form of chlorides existing in fly ash. The reagent used in the air pollution control system to neutralize the acid component in the discharged gas surely acted a very important role in the formation of chlorides. The insoluble chlorides in fly ash had a very similar structure as that of Friedel's salt, which was related with CaCl2.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Amides and Amidines by Reaction of Carboxylic Acids and Amines in the Presence of Polyphosphoric Acid Trimethylsilyl Ester (PPSE). (1986)

Abstract Reaction of the amines (Ia)‐(Ic) with the Carboxylic acids (II) in the presence of PPSE at 160°C yields the symmetrical amidines (III), whereas at lower temp. in the presence of pyridine the benzanilide (V) is formed from benzoic acid (IV) and aniline (Ia).
Control of Nano-Structure of Photocatalytic TiO2Films by Oxygen Ion Assisted Glancing Angle Deposition (2013)

Control of the nano-structure of TiO 2 photocatalytic films by a glancing angle deposition was investigated using an oxygen ion assisted reactive evaporation (OARE) system. The porosity of the film was increased as the incidence angle of Ti vapor increased, and films with clearly separated columnar grains were obtained at an incident angle above 60°. The increase in the porosity led to a significant decrease in UV reflectance and the film deposited at 60° had a large UV absorptance above 80% at 300 nm. The photocatalytic performance of the film, however, did not improve remarkably, since the crystallinity of the film was degraded by the deposition at a high incidence angle above 60°. To improve the crystallinity of the film, control of energy of the incident oxygen ions was attempted. However, only a slight improvement of photocatalytic properties was observed.
El "valor" de la elección está en la información (1995)

Computer-assisted analysis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) libraries can facilitate comparisons of fragment patterns present on multiple gels. We evaluated the ability of the Advanced Analysis (version 4.01) and Database (version 1.12) modules of the Phoretix gel analysis software package (Nonlinear USA, Inc., Durham, N.C.) to accurately match DNA fragment patterns. Two gels containing 38 lanes of SmaI-digested Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF DNA were analyzed to assess the impact of (i) varying the lane position of the standards, (ii) using gel plugs made at different times, and (iii) normalizing the fragment patterns by using molecular weight (MW) algorithms versus retardation factor (R(f)) algorithms. Two sets of PFGE libraries (one containing SmaI restriction patterns from 62 Enterococcus faecium isolates and the other containing SmaI restriction patterns of 89 Staphylococcus aureus isolates) were analyzed to assess the impact of varying the matching tolerance algorithm (designated as the vector box setting [VBS]) in the Phoretix software. Varying the lane position of standards on a gel and using gel plugs made on different days resulted in different VBSs, although it was not possible to judge whether those differences were statistically significant. Normalization of E. faecalis OG1RF fragment patterns by R(f) and MW methodology yielded no statistically significant differences in variability between the same fragment on different lanes. Suboptimal VBSs decreased the specificity with which related isolates were grouped together in dendrograms. The optimal VBS for analysis of PFGE fragment patterns from E. faecalis isolates differed from that for S. aureus isolates and sometimes was not that recommended by the manufacturer. Thus, computer-assisted analysis of PFGE patterns seemed to compensate for the intra- and intergel variation evaluated in the present study, and optimizing the software for the species to be tested was a critical preliminary step before further PFGE library analysis.
Dermal Substitution in Acute Burns and Reconstructive Surgery: A 12-Year Follow-Up (2010)

In this first long-term and objective follow-up of dermal substitution, the authors found improved scar parameters in both acute and reconstructive wounds treated with the substitute, indicating a long-lasting effect on scar quality.
Energy Storage: Design and Fabrication of New Nanostructured SnO2‐Carbon Composite Microspheres for Fast and Stable Lithium Storage Performance (Small 16/2014) (2014)

A one-pot method for metal oxide-carbon composite microspheres with 3D ordered macroporous (3DOM) structures is introduced on page 3240 by Y. C. Kang and co-workers. The 3DOM-structured SnO2-carbon microspheres are the first target material to show superior electrochemical properties as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. The newly developed process can be applied to the preparation of 3DOM-structured metal oxide–carbon composite microspheres for wide applications.
Common Fragile Sites Nested at the Interfaces of Early and Late-Replicating Chromosome Bands : Cis Acting Components of the G2/M Checkpoint? (2006)

Common fragile sites (CFS) are evolutionary conserved loci where damage appears recurrently upon treatments perturbing DNA synthesis. Although long studied, the mechanisms underlying CFS fragility are still incompletely understood and CFS function is unknown. We have mapped most of them at the junction of chromosomal bands replicating at different times in S phase, indicating that specific replication programs take place at CFS. In good agreement with this finding, we obtained results suggesting that CFS remain incompletely replicated up to late G(2), even in cells that went unperturbed through S phase. The recent demonstration that the function of ATR and its downstream targets are crucial to CFS stability may thereby indicate that mitotic onset is delayed until completion of their replication. Altogether, available results now suggest that CFS constitute integral "cis" components of the G(2)-M checkpoint.
[Regional analysis of "medical care for severely handicapped children at school" in Yamaguchi Prefecture: a hospital-based study]. (1999)

We conducted a hospital based investigation of the actual conditions of medical care at schools. There were the seventy-four children in need of some type of medical care. These children had severe handicaps both mentally and physically. The suction of oral secretions and tube feeding are the two main problems in medical care in school. Most of them were given this medical care by their mothers. From the point of view of children's independence and mother's respite in caring, medical care in school could be provided by the school teachers. The Ministry of Education has made progress in the study of medical care practice. Our team attempted to develop a strategy for the practice of medical care in our prefecture.
Bone loss: Quantitative imaging techniques for assessing bone mass in rheumatoid arthritis (2000)

Osteoporosis is associated with low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with clinical manifestation of low trauma fractures. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a risk factor due to generalized and articular bone loss. This minireview presents past and current bone mass measurement techniques in RA. These techniques include: plain radiographs, absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and ultrasound. The most widely used technique is dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RA patients have lower bone mass as compared with normals and substantial bone loss may occur early after the onset of disease. Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) at the hand using either DXA or ultrasound maybe a useful tool in the management of RA patients.
Antiglycation and Antioxidant Activities and HPTLC Analysis of <i>Boswellia sacra</i> Oleogum Resin: The Sacred Frankincense (2013)

Purpose: To evaluate antiglycation and antioxidant activities as undertake HPTLC analysis of Boswellia sacra resin.Methods: Sub-fractionation of the crude methanol extract of Hougari regular (HR) grade resin of Boswellia sacra was carried out by vacuum liquid chromatography. Free radical scavenging and antiglycation activities of sub-fractions were characterized in order to assess their anti-aging properties. Furthermore, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of Boswellia sacra resins was also carried out.Results: Polar fractions of the extract obtained exhibited the highest antiglycation activity while nonpolar fractions showed more than 50 % inhibition in superoxide anion scavenging assay. Scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species results indicate that non-polar sub-fractions showed &gt; 50 % inhibition, except Shabi frankincense (SF) oil which showed 33 % inhibition. Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) fraction, 40 % dichloromethane (CH2Cl2)/n-hexane sub-fraction, and SF oil showed moderate activity in di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium (DPPH) assay. Furthermore, HPTLC analysis indicates the presence of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) and 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) along with some other terpenoids.Conclusion: Various sub-fractions of Boswellia sacra exert effective antiglycation and antioxidant activities. The extracts should be studied further for possible formulation into pharmaceutical products.Keywords: Frankincense, Boswellia sacra, Terpenoids, HPTLC, Antioxidant, Antiglycation
A small molecule inhibits pancreatic cancer stem cells (2021)

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth highest cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, with a projected 60,430 new cases diagnosed and 48,220 patients dying in 2021. We employed a small chemical, N-(6-Chloro-2-enzothiazolyl)-3, 4-dimethoxy-benzene propanamide (KY-02111), to target suppression of tumori-sphero-genesis of PANC1ORGRCD19+31+45+133+, to propose a novel therapeutic strategy against drug registrant pancreatic cancer stem cells (PANC1ORGRCD19+31+45+133+). According to our findings, the pancreatic stem cell indicators (CD19+31+45+133+) are found to be more strongly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues than in normal pancreatic tissues.The flow cytometry, immunoblot and immunofluorescence analysis showed that the expression ofthese markers (CD19+31+45+133+) in PANC1ORGR spheroid cells was lowered by treatment of our new therapeutic approach. Therefore, this study identified the significant relationship of inhibition of tumori-sphero-genesis of PANC1ORGR with associated novel biomarkers (CD19+31+45+133+) which could be target candidates in designing drugs against pancreatic cancer. Further investigation and funding areneeded to find the molecular mechanism of inhibition of tumori-sphero-genesis by this small molecule. This work was partly used the financial support from award money of 2017 Translational Research Award, Society of Toxicology and 2018 AACR Minority and Minority-Serving Institution Faculty Scholar award of Dr. Jayanta K. Das.
Effective Anomaly Detection in Sensor Networks Data Streams (2009)

This paper addresses a major challenge in data mining applications where the full information about the underlying processes, such as sensor networks or large online database, cannot be practically obtained due to physical limitations such as low bandwidth or memory, storage, or computing power. Motivated by the recent theory on direct information sampling called compressed sensing (CS), we propose a framework for detecting anomalies from these large-scale data mining applications where the full information is not practically possible to obtain. Exploiting the fact that the intrinsic dimension of the data in these applications are typically small relative to the raw dimension and the fact that compressed sensing is capable of capturing most information with few measurements, our work show that spectral methods that used for volume anomaly detection can be directly applied to the CS data with guarantee on performance. Our theoretical contributions are supported by extensive experimental results on large datasets which show satisfactory performance.
Multi-Slot Batch-Transfer Optical Packet Switch (2007)

In optical packet switching, the reconfiguration time of optical switches should only be a small fraction of the packet transmission time for efficient utilization of the bandwidth. This constraint puts a very stringent demand on the switch reconfiguration time as the transmission rate of optical fiber increases. By using batch transfer of packets, we propose an optical switch architecture that can significantly relax the requirement on switch reconfiguration time. The utilization of the transmission links is greatly improved because the guard time between packets is no longer related to the switch reconfiguration time. We have also demonstrated analytically that the proposed switch architecture can significantly reduce the packet loss probability, at the expense of an increase in the delay variations, if the packets are not restricted to their original time slots at the switch output.
Preparation and It's Properties of High Resistivity NiP Films by Means of Electroless Deposition. (1996)

High-resistivity NiP films were prepared by electroless deposition while varying the complexing agent species. When complexing agents having -NH2 and=NH groups, e. g., amino acids or amines are used for the NiP bath, higher resistivity NiP films are obtained with electroless deposition. Complexing agents of β-alanine, diethylenetriamine, and sodium L-glutamate were most suitable making higher resistivity NiP films. The highest resistivity was obtained from a diethylenetriamine bath. The resistivity of NiP as-deposited film from a diethylenetriamine bath is 5, 400μΩcm, compared to 160μΩcm for usual NiP films. The most suitable NiP film from the diethylenetriamine bath shows resistivity stable against annealing at about 400°C. High specific resistivity films were found to contain a small amount of carbon. The NiP film from the diethylenetriamine bath contained ca. 3at% carbon, and exhibited a grain structure even at the amorphous state.
ChemInform Abstract: ATTEMPTED REFORMATSKII REACTION OF BENZONITRILE, 1,4‐DIKETO‐3,6‐DIPHENYLPYRROLO(3,4‐C)‐PYRROLE, A LACTAM ANALOGUE OF PENTALENE (1974)

Abstract Benzonitril (I) und Bromessigsäureäthylester (II) reagieren in Gegenwart von Zn in Toluol unter Annahme der Zwischenstufen (III) und (IV) zu dem dimeren Kondensations‐Produkt (V), das in Gegenwart von Zinkbromid zu (VI) cyclisiert wird.
STRUCTURE OF THE DIVALENT METAL-NUCLEOTIDE COMPLEX IN THE ACETATE KINASE REACTION (1981)

Conference Abstract| April 01 1981 STRUCTURE OF THE DIVALENT METAL-NUCLEOTIDE COMPLEX IN THE ACETATE KINASE REACTION Paul J. Romaniuk; Paul J. Romaniuk 1MPI f. exp. Medizin, 3400 Göttingen, FRG Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Fritz Eckstein Fritz Eckstein 1MPI f. exp. Medizin, 3400 Göttingen, FRG Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1981) 9 (2): 158P. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009158pa Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Paul J. Romaniuk, Fritz Eckstein; STRUCTURE OF THE DIVALENT METAL-NUCLEOTIDE COMPLEX IN THE ACETATE KINASE REACTION. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1981; 9 (2): 158P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009158pa Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1981 Biochemical Society1981 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
ERK1/2 Signaling Pathways Involved in VEGF Release in Diabetic Rat Retina (2010)

ERK1/2 signaling pathway is involved in VEGF release in diabetic rat retina; therefore, ERK1/2 may be a potential therapeutic target of DR.
Ultrasound based computer-aided-diagnosis of kidneys for pediatric hydronephrosis (2014)

Ultrasound is the mainstay of imaging for pediatric hydronephrosis, though its potential as diagnostic tool is limited by its subjective assessment, and lack of correlation with renal function. Therefore, all cases showing signs of hydronephrosis undergo further invasive studies, like diuretic renogram, in order to assess the actual renal function. Under the hypothesis that renal morphology is correlated with renal function, a new ultrasound based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tool for pediatric hydronephrosis is presented. From 2D ultrasound, a novel set of morphological features of the renal collecting systems and the parenchyma, is automatically extracted using image analysis techniques. From the original set of features, including size, geometric and curvature descriptors, a subset of ten features are selected as predictive variables, combining a feature selection technique and area under the curve filtering. Using the washout half time (T<sub>1/2</sub>) as indicative of renal obstruction, two groups are defined. Those cases whose T<sub>1/2</sub> is above 30 minutes are considered to be severe, while the rest would be in the safety zone, where diuretic renography could be avoided. Two different classification techniques are evaluated (logistic regression, and support vector machines). Adjusting the probability decision thresholds to operate at the point of maximum sensitivity, i.e., preventing any severe case be misclassified, specificities of 53%, and 75% are achieved, for the logistic regression and the support vector machine classifier, respectively. The proposed CAD system allows to establish a link between non-invasive non-ionizing imaging techniques and renal function, limiting the need for invasive and ionizing diuretic renography.
Proteoglycans from Cultures of Fibroblast from the Human Uterine Cervix (1985)

A small dermatan sulphate proteoglycan has been isolated from the human uterine cervix. The concentration of this proteoglycan has been shown to decrease during pregnancy. To study the mechanism behind this change fibroblasts from the human uterine cervix were established in culture. Their synthesis and secretion of proteoglycans were investigated by incubating the monolayer with 35SO4 and (3H) leucine for 48 h. Two dermatan sulphate proteoglycans and one heparan sulphate proteoglycan were isolated from the medium. The cell layer contained the same proteoglycans although in different proportions. The major dermatan sulphate proteoglycan accounting for 55% of the total macromolecular 35S was small with a molecular weight (MW) of 100,000 daltons. The side chains were calculated to be approximately 1-3 per protein core and included more than 50% iduronic acid containing disaccharides. This small dermatan sulphate proteoglycan is very similar to that isolated from the intact human uterine cervix. However, when cells were established in culture an additional larger dermatan sulphate proteoglycan with an MW of 400,000 daltons was synthesized. This proteoglycan was substituted for 4-8 polysaccharide side chains rich in glucuronic acid. 24% of the total macromolecular 35S were found in this proteoglycan.
Direction-independent bulk shear wave speed in 3D (2019)

Natural shear waves in the neonatal brain potentially provide more information about mechanical properties of the brain in healthy and diseased state. Since these shear waves can be omnipresent, a direction-independent method to determine the propagation speeds of these shear waves is needed. In this study, we developed a direction-independent 3D wavenumber-frequency-domain technique to estimate the shear wave propagation speeds. Furthermore, a dominant propagation direction of the shear waves can potentially be determined with this technique. Measurements were performed in a homogeneous bulk phantom. The obtained results show a good agreement with the propagation speeds obtained with a Radon transform applied on 2D measurements and a clinical system with an elasticity mode.
Case 20-1981 (1981)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 29-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of palatal ulceration.The patient was a native and resident of South America and a medical student. He was well until four months earlier, when a whitish lesion developed on the right side of the soft palate. A physician prescribed penicillin, without benefit. Cultures of the lesion yielded Klebsiella pneumoniae and staphylococci. Tetracycline was substituted, but the lesion enlarged. One month before admission microscopical examination of a biopsy specimen of the lesion showed nonspecific inflammation. A second biopsy specimen was considered suggestive of leishmaniasis by one . . .