gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Power and High-Linearity Photodetector Modules for Microwave Photonic Applications (2014)

We demonstrate hermetically packaged InGaAs/InP photodetector modules for high performance microwave photonic applications. The devices employ an advanced photodiode epitaxial layer known as the modified uni-traveling carrier photodiode (MUTC-PD) with superior performance in terms of output power and saturation. To further improve the thermal limitations, the MUTC-PDs were flip-chip bonded on high thermal conductivity substrates such as Aluminum Nitride (AlN) and Diamond. Modules using chips with active area diameters of 40, 28, and 20 μm were developed. The modules demonstrated a 3-dB bandwidth ranging from 17 GHz up to 30 GHz. In continuous wave mode of operation, very high RF output power was achieved with 25 dBm at 10 GHz, 22 dBm at 20 GHz, and 17 dBm at 30 GHz. In addition, the linearity of the modules was characterized by using the third order intercept point (OIP3) as a figure of merit. Very high values of OIP3 were obtained with 30 dBm at 10 GHz, 25 dBm at 20 GHz and more than 20 dBm at 30 GHz. Under short pulse illumination conditions and by selectively filtering the 10 GHz frequency component only, a saturated power of >21 dBm was also measured. A very low AM-to-PM conversion coefficient was measured, making the modules highly suitable for integration in photonic systems for ultralow phase noise RF signal generation.
The Devil Is in the Details: Incomplete Reporting in Preclinical Animal Research (2016)

Incomplete reporting of study methods and results has become a focal point for failures in the reproducibility and translation of findings from preclinical research. Here we demonstrate that incomplete reporting of preclinical research is not limited to a few elements of research design, but rather is a broader problem that extends to the reporting of the methods and results. We evaluated 47 preclinical research studies from a systematic review of acute lung injury that use mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a treatment. We operationalized the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) reporting guidelines for pre-clinical studies into 109 discrete reporting sub-items and extracted 5,123 data elements. Overall, studies reported less than half (47%) of all sub-items (median 51 items; range 37-64). Across all studies, the Methods Section reported less than half (45%) and the Results Section reported less than a third (29%). There was no association between journal impact factor and completeness of reporting, which suggests that incomplete reporting of preclinical research occurs across all journals regardless of their perceived prestige. Incomplete reporting of methods and results will impede attempts to replicate research findings and maximize the value of preclinical studies.
Assessment of the Three-Dimensional Structure of Recombinant Protein Therapeutics by NMR Fingerprinting:  Demonstration on Recombinant Human Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulation Factor (2008)

We describe a simple, powerful, and robust NMR-based method that has the potential to greatly impact the characterization of recombinant protein therapeutics. The method ascertains the bioactive conformational identity of recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulation factor (rhGM-CSF) produced in Streptomyces lividans versus Escherichia coli by overlaying their 2D 1H,15N HSQC correlation spectra. An identical match of all resonances implies that rhGM-CSF from both processes share indistinguishable conformations that correlate with in vitro activity. The result of this method is unique among existing methods. It can detect and quantify the active ingredient. Moreover it provides a complete assessment of the conformation with high sensitivity to minor structural changes.
Effect of high-velocity scenarios on the performance of MIMO LTE packet scheduling (2011)

In this paper we analyze the performance of advanced OFDM packet scheduling techniques based on 3GPP UTRAN Long Term Evolution (LTE) framework for high velocity scenarios. Based on our previous investigations in system performance analysis, we demonstrate that packet scheduler being part of the whole radio resource management (RRM) process has a major impact on it. On the other hand high user velocities further imply additional system performance limitations due to the introduction of reporting overhead. Therefore, we investigate the resulting fairness distribution among users together with the achievable radio system performance in terms of throughput, coverage and fairness distribution, by simulating practical OFDMA cellular system environment with MIMO functionality in Macro cell Best effort traffic scenario. As a concrete example, we demonstrate that by using the advanced fairness-oriented multi-user scheduling schemes, significant coverage improvements in the order of 30% can be obtained by achieving the same cell throughput. Furthermore, the user fairness is also greatly increased, by more than 25%, when measured using Jain's fairness index.
Computed Tomographic Enhancement of Liver and Spleen in the Dog with Iodipamide Ethyl Ester Participate Suspensions (1987)

Particulate suspensions have been developed for use as contrast agents to aid in the detection of hepatic lesions by CT. In several previous rodent studies, the toxicity and tissue concentrations of iodipamide ethyl ester (IDE) particles have been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of IDE in three dogs by evaluation of CT enhancement. Serum chemistry and hematologic parameters after intravenous administration were also followed. A dose of 75 mgI/kg IDE caused an increase of 40-60 Hounsfield units (HU) in liver attenuation, which persisted from 5 minutes to ten hours postinfusion. No enhancement of tissues other than liver and spleen was observed. IDE was completely eliminated from the liver within seven days. A mild transient elevation of liver enzymes may be attributable to the use of barbiturates rather than IDE. A transient depression of the white blood count was the only biochemical or hematologic change that was clearly in response to the infusion of IDE particulates.
Chest Thump for Reverting Ventricular Tachycardia (1970)

A sharp precordial thump was employed to terminate 12 episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in five patients with coronary heart disease. A precordial thump, through electromechanical transduction, provides a low energy current that depolarizes a re-entry pathway, the probable basis for most cases of clinical VT. Indeed, analysis of cardioversion energies for VT has demonstrated that 93 per cent of episodes are reversed with energies of 10 w sec or less. Chest thump is an important maneuver for treating cardiac arrest initiated by VT.
Excited State Lifetimes of Sulfur-Substituted DNA and RNA Monomers Probed Using the Femtosecond Fluorescence Up-Conversion Technique (2020)

Sulfur-substituted DNA and RNA nucleobase derivatives (a.k.a., thiobases) are an important family of biomolecules. They are used as prodrugs and as chemotherapeutic agents in medical settings, and as photocrosslinker molecules in structural-biology applications. Remarkably, excitation of thiobases with ultraviolet to near-visible light results in the population of long-lived and reactive triplet states on a time scale of hundreds of femtoseconds and with near-unity yields. This efficient nonradiative decay pathway explains the vanishingly small fluorescence yields reported for the thiobases and the scarcity of fluorescence lifetimes in the literature. In this study, we report fluorescence lifetimes for twelve thiobase derivatives, both in aqueous solution at physiological pH and in acetonitrile. Excitation is performed at 267 and 362 nm, while fluorescence emission is detected at 380, 425, 450, 525, or 532 nm. All the investigated thiobases reveal fluorescence lifetimes that decay in a few hundreds of femtoseconds and with magnitudes that depend and are sensitive to the position and degree of sulfur-atom substitution and on the solvent environment. Interestingly, however, three thiopyrimidine derivatives (i.e., 2-thiocytidine, 2-thiouridine, and 4-thiothymidine) also exhibit a small amplitude fluorescence component of a few picoseconds in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the <i>N-</i>glycosylation of thiobases to form DNA or RNA nucleoside analogues is demonstrated as affecting their fluorescence lifetimes. In aqueous solution, the fluorescence decay signals exciting at 267 nm are equal or slower than those collected exciting at 362 nm. In acetonitrile, however, the fluorescence decay signals recorded upon 267 nm excitation are, in all cases, faster than those measured exciting at 362 nm. A comparison to the literature values show that, while both the DNA and RNA nucleobase and thiobase derivatives exhibit sub-picosecond fluorescence lifetimes, the <sup>1</sup>ππ* excited-state population in the nucleobase monomers primarily decay back to the ground state, whereas it predominantly populates long-lived and reactive triplet states in thiobase monomers.
Characterization of human cathepsin L promoter and identification of binding sites for NF-Y, Sp1 and Sp3 that are essential for its activity (2002)

Cathepsin L is a cysteine protease whose overexpression in human melanoma cells increases their tumorigenicity and switches their phenotype from non-metastatic to highly metastatic. Regulation of the transcription of the gene encoding human cathepsin L has not been yet studied and only preliminary data exist on the promoter regulation of the gene encoding rodent cathepsin L. In the present study we identified molecular elements involved in the transcriptional regulation of human cathepsin L in melanoma cells. The sequence of the 5'-flanking region of the gene encoding human cathepsin L was determined up to 3263 bp upstream of the translation start site. The major transcription intiation site was located. Three mRNA splice variants, differing in their 5' untranslated ends, were identified. Regulatory regions crucial for cathepsin L promoter activity were characterized between -1489 and -1646 bp. In this region, two GC boxes (-1590/-1595 and -1545/-1550) and a CCAAT motif (-1571/-1575) were involved in specific DNA-protein interactions. An electrophoretic mobility-shift assay demonstrated that Sp1 and Sp3 transcription factors bound to these GC boxes, and only the transcription factor nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) bound to the CCAAT motif. Mutagenesis studies demonstrated that these binding sites contributed at least 85% of cathepsin L promoter activity. Thus structural and functional analysis demonstrated that binding sites for NF-Y, Sp1 and Sp3 are essential for transcription of the gene encoding human cathepsin L in melanoma cells.
Cooperative Bandwidth Sharing for Relaying in LTE-Advanced Using Game Theory (2014)

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are likely to provide ubiquitous access to mobile broadband services as they involve various small cells, each targeting a different environment in the network. In this paper, we are interested in improving the system performance at the cell edge. Hence, we consider a HetNet composed of an eNodeB (eNB) coexisting with different relay nodes (RNs) situated at the cell border. We propose a cooperative physical resource blocks (PRBs) sharing scheme in a dual-hop LTE-Advanced in which every node can transmit on some of the PRBs assigned to a coexisting node without causing it harmful interference. To do so, we use a powerful mathematical tool, i.e., game theory. First, we consider two nodes in the macrocell and define a new repeated game in which a selfish node is encouraged to cooperate under the threat of punishment. Then, we enlarge the number of RNs in the network and find the optimal pairs of nodes that will cooperate, due to a new coalition formation game. Simulation results show that the proposed cooperative PRB sharing scheme significantly improves the utilization of the spectrum and the achieved total throughput in the system. We also demonstrate that both games rapidly attain Pareto efficiency.
Structure of the Mesorhizobium huakuii and Rhizobium galegae Nod factors: a cluster of phylogenetically related legumes are nodulated by rhizobia producing Nod factors with α,β‐unsaturated N‐acyl substitutions (1999)

Rhizobia are symbiotic bacteria that synthesize lipochitooligosaccharide Nod factors (NFs), which act as signal molecules in the nodulation of specific legume hosts. Based on the structure of their N-acyl chain, NFs can be classified into two categories: (i) those that are acylated with fatty acids from the general lipid metabolism; and (ii) those (= alphaU-NFs) that are acylated by specific alpha,beta-unsaturated fatty acids (containing carbonyl-conjugated unsaturation(s)). Previous work has described how rhizobia that nodulate legumes of the Trifolieae and Vicieae tribes produce alphaU-NFs. Here, we have studied the structure of NFs from two rhizobial species that nodulate important genera of the Galegeae tribe, related to Trifolieae and Vicieae. Three strains of Mesorhizobium huakuii, symbionts of Astragalus sinicus, produced as major NFs, pentameric lipochitooligosaccharides O-sulphated and partially N-glycolylated at the reducing end and N-acylated, at the non-reducing end, by a C18:4 fatty acid. Two strains of Rhizobium galegae, symbionts of Galega sp., produced as major NFs, tetrameric O-carbamoylated NFs that could be O-acetylated on the glucosamine residue next to the non-reducing terminal glucosamine and were N-acylated by C18 and C20 alpha,beta-unsaturated fatty acids. These results suggest that legumes nodulated by rhizobia synthesizing alphaU-NFs constitute a phylogenetic cluster in the Galegoid phylum.
An Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter for Data Assimilation (2001)

A theory for estimating the probability distribution of the state of a model given a set of observations exists. This nonlinear filtering theory unifies the data assimilation and ensemble generation problem that have been key foci of prediction and predictability research for numerical weather and ocean prediction applications. A new algorithm, referred to as an ensemble adjustment Kalman filter, and the more traditional implementation of the ensemble Kalman filter in which ''perturbed observations'' are used, are derived as Monte Carlo approximations to the nonlinear filter. Both ensemble Kalman filter methods produce assimilations with small ensemble mean errors while providing reasonable measures of uncertainty in the assimilated variables. The ensemble methods can assimilate observations with a nonlinear relation to model state variables and can also use observations to estimate the value of imprecisely known model parameters. These ensemble filter methods are shown to have significant advantages over four-dimensional variational assimilation in low-order models and scale easily to much larger applications. Heuristic modifications to the filtering algorithms allow them to be applied efficiently to very large models by sequentially processing observations and computing the impact of each observation on each state variable in an independent calculation. The ensemble adjustment Kalman filter is applied to a nondivergent barotropic model on the sphere to demonstrate the capabilities of the filters in models with state spaces that are much larger than the ensemble size.
INTERACTION OF ISOZYMES I AND II OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE WITH Ge(IV) AND Sb(lll) DERIVATIVES (1997)

The interaction of carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes I and II with a series of Ge(IV) and Sb(lll) derivatives containing among others arylsulfonylamido moieties in their molecule was investigated kinetically and spectrophotometrically, utilizing the native and Co(ll)-substituted enzymes. Depending on the substitution pattern at the germanium/antimony and the sulfonamide nitrogen atoms, moderately active inhibitors as well as inactive compounds were detected. The active derivatives constitute a novel class of CA inhibitors that bind to the metal ion at the enzyme active site, as proved by changes in the electronic spectra of adducts of such inhibitors with Co(ll)CA. Similarly to the prototypical inhibitors of CAs, the aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides, the new inhibitors are of the non-competitive type when 4-nitrophenyl acetate is used as the substrate.
Designing a Framework for Conversational Interfaces (2023)

Wherever possible, business logic should be described by code rather than training data. This keeps our system's behavior principled, predictable, and easy to change. Our approach to conversational interfaces allows them to be built much like any other application, using familiar tools, conventions, and processes, while still taking advantage of cutting-edge machine-learning techniques.
Associations of immune cell homing gene signatures and infiltrates of lymphocyte subsets in human melanomas: discordance with CD163+ myeloid cell infiltrates (2021)

These data do not support our hypothesis that each immune cell subset is uniquely associated with specific ICH genes. Instead, a larger set of ICH genes identifies melanomas with concordant infiltration of B-cell and T-cell lineages, while CD163<sup>+</sup> M2-macrophage infiltration suggesting alternate mechanisms for their recruitment. Future studies should explore the extent ICH gene signature contributes to tertiary lymphoid structures or cross-talk between homing pathways.
Aetiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (2016)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of immune dysregulation, autoreactive B and T cells, and the production of a broad, heterogeneous group of autoantibodies (autoAb). The pathogenesis of lupus can be divided into three stages: 1) genetic predisposition and environmental exposures, 2) loss of tolerance, and 3) immune activation. In this chapter we will discuss the aetiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus with emphasis placed on key autoantibodies, cytokines, the innate and adaptive immune system, tolerance, NETosis, genetics and epigenetics, environmental triggers and the role of gender.
Texture statistics for classification of land use with multitemporal JERS-1 SAR single-look imagery (1999)

Texture statistics are studied using multitemporal JERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) single-look imagery. A correct autocorrelation function of texture is derived and utilized to calculate textural features. It is demonstrated that a significant improvement in the classification accuracy results if the textural features are used as additional inputs to the classifier.
Wireless energy transmission to piezoelectric component by flat spiral coil antenna-like structure (2010)

A compact electric field generator has been explored to transmit electric energy wirelessly to piezoelectric components by using the electric resonance of a flat spiral coil antenna-like structure and a capacitor in series. In the flat spiral coil antenna-like electric field generator, the ac electric field is transmitted wirelessly to the piezoelectric plate placed in a plane perpendicular to the plane of antenna. When the spiral coil antenna-like electric field generator and capacitor are in electric resonance, the wireless electric energy transmission to the piezoelectric component can be enhanced. At resonance frequency of 772 kHz and optimum electrical load resistance of 350 Ω, a maximum output power of 164.58 μW and energy conversion efficiency of 0.03% have been achieved wirelessly by the piezoelectric plate operating in the thickness vibration mode, placed 4 mm away from antenna plane with an input ac source power of 0.54 W, and an inductance of 0.0413 mH of the flat spiral coil antenna-like electric field generator.
Compact low-cost non-RF communication solutions for unmanned ground vehicles (2010)

Our warfighters need non-RF communication systems with low SWAP + cost to address shortcomings of RF. Optical communication systems have inherent benefits over RF, such as significantly higher bandwidth (typically 10 Mb/s – 100 Gb/s), LPI/LPD, jamming and EMI immunity, usability during radio silence, and enormous available unlicensed spectrum. Here we discuss optical fiber and free-space optical communication (FSOC) technologies for unmanned ground vehicles. NLOS UV, LOS-visible, and LOS IR FSOC approaches are described.
Structural and electronic properties of CdTe1-xSex films and their application in solar cells (2018)

The performance improvement of conventional CdTe solar cells is mainly limited by doping concentration and minority carrier life time. Alloying CdTe with an isovalent element changes its properties, for example its band gap and behaviour of dopants, which has a significant impact on its performance as a solar cell absorber. In this work, the structural, optical, and electronic properties of CdTe<sub>1-x</sub>Se<sub>x</sub> films are examined for different Se concentrations. The band gap of this compound changes with composition with a minimum of 1.40 eV for x = 0.3. We show that with increasing x, the lattice constant of CdTe<sub>1-x</sub>Se<sub>x</sub> decreases, which can influence the solubility of dopants. We find that alloying CdTe with Se changes the effect of Cu doping on the p-type conductivity in CdTe<sub>1-x</sub>Se<sub>x</sub>, reducing the achievable charge carrier concentration with increasing x. Using a front surface CdTe<sub>1-x</sub>Se<sub>x</sub> layer, compositional, structural and electronic grading is introduced to solar cells. The efficiency is increased, mostly due to an increase in the short-circuit current density caused by a combination of lower band gap and a better interface between the absorber and window layer, despite a loss in the open-circuit voltage caused by the lower band gap and reduced charge carrier concentration.
Vertical transport of sediment-associated metals and cyanobacteria by ebullition in a stratified lake (2020)

Bubbles adsorb and transport particulate matter both in industrial and marine systems. While methane-containing bubbles emitted from anoxic sediments are found extensively in aquatic ecosystems, relatively little attention has been paid to the possibility that such bubbles transport particle-associated chemical or biological material from sediments to surface waters of freshwater lakes. We quantified transport of particulate material from sediments to the surface by bubbles in Upper Mystic Lake, MA and in a 15 m tall experimental column. Vertical particle transport was positively correlated with the volume of gas bubbles released from the sediment. Particles transported by bubbles originated almost entirely in the sediment, rather than being scavenged from the water column. Concentrations of arsenic, chromium, lead, and cyanobacterial cells in bubble-transported particulate material were similar to those of bulk sediment, and particles were transported from depths exceeding 15 m, resulting in daily fluxes as large as 0.18 mg of arsenic m<sup>-2</sup> and 2 × 10<sup>4</sup> cyanobacterial cells m<sup>-2</sup> in the strongly stratified Upper Mystic Lake. While bubble-facilitated arsenic transport currently appears to be a modest component of total arsenic cycling in this lake, bubble-facilitated cyanobacterial transport could comprise as much as 17% of recruitment in this lake and may thus be of particular importance in large, deep, stratified lakes.