gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elimination of Speckle Noise in Holograms with Redundancy (1968)

Holograms made of diffusely reflecting or diffusely illuminated objects can be scratched, spotted with dirt, and even broken into pieces without serious loss of information. This remarkable property is due to the redundancy introduced by diffuse illumination which, in effect, spreads information all over the hologram. Unfortunately, an unwanted by-product of diffuse illumination is speckle noise. This noise becomes more severe as hologram size is reduced. We show that, in order to obtain an acceptably high signal-to-noise ratio, the area of this type hologram must be more than 100 times the area needed to achieve a desired image resolution, making it prohibitively large for most data storage applications. In this paper we described a multibeam recording technique that produces redundant holograms that yield speckle free images of transparencies. We show that (1) achievable redundancy is equal to the ratio of actual hologram area to that area which just satisfies resolution requirements, (2) a two-dimensional phase grating provides a simple, efficient means for generating multiple beams, an optimized grating producing nine equally intense beams with 81% efficiency, (3) an optimized phase grating having a spatial period just equal to desired image resolution yields fourfold redundancy in holograms that are just large enough to encompass both side bands of the central (or zero order) beam, and (4) holograms having fourfold redundancy give reasonably good immunity to dust and scratches.
Fractionated total‐body irradiation preceding high‐dose cytosine arabinoside as a preparative regimen for bone marrow transplantation in children with acute leukemia (1995)

Twenty children with acute leukemia between 3 and 19 years of age underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from HLA-matched sibling donors after conditioning with total-body irradiation (1,200 cGy in six fractions of 200 cGy twice daily for 3 days) and high dose cytosine arabinoside (3 g/m2 given every 12 hours for 12 doses). Three patients died with acute toxicity. Six patients developed grade II acute graft versus host disease. With a median follow-up of 68 months (range 26-96 months), thirteen children (65%) are alive and in remission with Karnofsky scores of 90-100%. A patient with AML in resistant relapse went into remission but relapsed and died 5 months post-transplantation. Three other patients relapsed, 8, 12, and 16 months post BMT. Our results suggest that this conditioning regimen is associated with high but manageable acute toxicity and may be highly effective in controlling leukemia resistant to conventional chemotherapy.
Comparison of tangential flow filtration and centrifugation for monoclonal antibody harvest clarification (2004)

Two candidate technologies, Tangential flow filtration, and centrifugation followed by depth filtration, were evaluated for the initial clarification of fed batch harvest containing a monoclonal antibody. The goal was to evaluate and compare the two technologies so that one of the technologies could be chosen for use at full scale. Optimal operating parameters for both systems were determined using scale-down systems. Volume end-point (Vmax) method using 0.2 and 0.45 um filters was developed to evaluate the quality of the clarified product. Product breakthrough endpoint (Pmax) testing was utilized to evaluate depth filters to be used in conjunction with centrifugation. Based on the results of these studies, and consideration of factors such as step yield, buffer usage, CIP / SIP, man power requirements, maintenance, robustness, and other economic factors, centrifugation with depth filtration was chosen for the process at scale.
An Electromyographic Comparison of Abdominal Muscle Synergies During Curl and Double Straight Leg Lowering Exercises With Control of the Pelvic Position (1997)

The results support the use of the double straight leg lowering with the posterior pelvic tilt for achieving greater abdominal muscle coactivation in an exercise program.
Finding a biosignature for melancholic depression (2012)

Melancholia is typified by features of psychomotor slowing, anxiety, appetite loss and sleep changes. It is usually observed in 20-30% of individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). There is currently no agreement on whether melancholic MDD represents a distinct entity defined by neurobiological as well as clinical features or, rather, a specifier for MDD. This situation is reflected in the revisions to DSM, including in the DSM-5 due for release in 2013. With this context in mind, the authors review the origins of the construct of melancholia in MDD, its theoretical grounding and the defining characteristics that arose from this research. The authors then outline the state of knowledge on the neurobiology of melancholia. This second aspect is illustrative of the National Institutes of Mental Health's research domain criteria initiative, which offers a framework for redefining constructs along neurobiological dimensions. The authors also consider the outlook for identifying a useful biosignature of melancholia.
Interface contracts for TinyOS (2007)

TinyOS applications are built with software components that communicate through narrow interfaces. Since components enable fine-grained code reuse, this approach has been successful in creating applications that make very efficient use of the limited code and data memory on sensor network nodes. However, the other important benefit of components---rapid application development through black-box reuse---remains largely unrealized because in many cases interfaces have implied usage constraints that can be the source of frustrating program errors. Developers are commonly forced to read the source code for components, partially defeating the purpose of using components in the first place. Our research helps solve these problems by allowing developers to explicitly specify and enforce component interface contracts. Due to the extensive reuse of the most common interfaces, implementing contracts for a small number of frequently reused interfaces permitted us to extensively check a number of applications. We uncovered some subtle and previously unknown bugs in applications that have been in common use for years.
Ignition Limits of Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIgnition Limits of Hydrogen Peroxide VaporCharles N. Satterfield, Peter J. Ceccotti, and Alonzo H. R. FeldbruggeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1955, 47, 5, 1040–1043Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50545a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50545a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Direct fluorescent staining and analysis of proteins on microspheres using CBQCA (2005)

We have developed methods using CBQCA and flow cytometry to quickly and simply quantify the amount of protein on the surface of a microsphere. Importantly, this approach could be extended to other formats (e.g., chips). Further, because it does not disturb noncovalent protein-protein interactions, it may be possible to use this approach to detect protein interactions without the use of purified prestained probes.
Selective Vapor-Liquid-Solid Epitaxial Growth of Micro-Si Probe Electrode Arrays With On-Chip MOSFETs on Si (2004)

This paper reports on a fabrication technique for realizing micro-Si probe arrays with MOSFETs on the same Si substrate. Micro-Si probe arrays have been successfully fabricated on Si (111) substrates by selective vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth using catalytic Au dot arrays and Si/sub 2/H/sub 6/ used as the gas source for a molecular-beam-epitaxy. The Si probes can be grown at temperatures ranging from 500/spl deg/C to 700/spl deg/C. In this paper, MOSFETs were fabricated on Si (111) substrates and Au dots were placed at the drain regions of the MOSFETs in order to grow the Si probes. VLS growth at 700/spl deg/C for 2 h was carried out on these substrates. Consequently, the MOSFETs can be used in on-chip circuits for the VLS-Si probe array. The electrical characteristics of the MOSFETs were measured before and after the VLS process. After the VLS process, no changes in the MOSFET characteristics were observed due to the effects of Au-diffusion, and the results confirmed that VLS growth at a temperature of 700/spl deg/C allows fabrication of micro-Si probes without deterioration of the MOSFETs. VLS-Si probes with controlled conductance were realized. The as-grown Si probes were of high resistance, but could be changed to various conductivities by impurity diffusion.
An approximate dynamic programming approach to a communication constrained sensor management problem (2005)

Resource management in distributed sensor networks is a challenging problem. This can be attributed to the fundamental trade-off between the value of information contained in a distributed set of measurements versus the energy costs of acquiring measurements, fusing them into a model of uncertainty, and transmitting the resulting model. Communications is commonly the highest contributor among these costs, typically by orders of magnitude. Failure to consider this trade-off can significantly reduce the operational lifetime of a sensor network. While a variety of methods have been proposed that treat a subset of these issues, the approaches are indirect and usually consider at most a single time step. In the context of object tracking with a distributed sensor network we propose an approximate dynamic programming approach which integrates the value of information and the cost of transmitting data over a rolling time horizon. We formulate this trade-off as a dynamic program, and use an approximation based on a linearization of the sensor model about a nominal trajectory to simultaneously find a tractable solution to the leader node selection problem and the sensor subset selection problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the resulting algorithm can provide similar estimation performance to that of the common most informative sensor selection method for a fraction of the communication cost.
Supplementary Table S1 from Metastatic Tumor-in-a-Dish, a Novel Multicellular Organoid to Study Lung Colonization and Predict Therapeutic Response (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Patient characteristics of primary tumor derived cultures.&lt;/p&gt;
Association of Educational Attainment and Cardiovascular Risk in Hispanic Individuals (2018)

Hispanic and NHW men and women with high educational attainment had similar atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, and mortality during follow-up. These findings do not support the Hispanic paradox in a highly educated Hispanic population.
Possible Applications of Photoautotrophic Biotechnologies at Lunar Settlements (2007)

The most ambitious goal of the Vision of Space Exploration is to extend human presence across the solar system. Today, however, missions would have to bring all of the propellant, air, food, water, habitable volumes and shielding needed to sustain settlers beyond Earth. That is why resources for propellants, life support and construction of support systems and habitats must be found in space and utilized if humans hope to ever explore and colonize the solar system. The life support, fuel production and material processing systems currently proposed for spaceflight are essentially disconnected. Only traditional crop production has been proposed as a segment for bioregenerative life support systems, although the efficiency of higher plants for air regeneration is generally low. Thus, the investigation of air bioregeneration techniques based on the activity of photosynthetic organisms with higher rates of CO2 scrubbing and O2 release is very timely and important. Future systems for organic waste utilization in space may also benefit from the use of specific microorganisms. This janitorial job is efficiently carried out by microbes on Earth, which drive and connect different elemental cycles. It is likely that environmental control and life support systems based on bioregeneration will be capable of converting both organic and inorganic components of the waste at lunar settlements into edible biomass. The most challenging technologies for future lunar settlements are the extraction of elements (e.g. Fe, O, Si, etc) from local rocks for industrial feedstocks and the production of propellants. While such extraction can be accomplished by purely inorganic processes, the high energy requirements of such processes motivates the search for alternative technologies with lower energy requirements and appropriate efficiency. Well-developed terrestrial industrial biotechnologies for metals extraction and conversion could therefore be the prototypes for extraterrestrial biometallurgy.
Exhibit Selection Current Concepts in the Biopsy of Musculoskeletal Tumors AAOS Exhibit Selection (2015)

We performed a literature review of clinical articles reporting on the biopsy of bone and soft-tissue primarytumors.Clinicalarticleswereexcludedonthebasisonabstractcontentiftheyrepresentedcasereports,revieworopinionarticles, or technique descriptions. Eighteen of the thirty-nine articles that remained were excluded because the resultsdidnotindicatethediagnosticaccuracyofthevariousbiopsytechniques.Thus,twenty-onearticleswithdiagnosticdataonthe biopsy of bone and soft-tissue tumors were included in this review.
Parallel Refinement of Unstructured Meshes (1999)

In this paper we describe a parallel #-refinement algorithm for unstructured finite element meshes based on the longest-edge bisection of triangles and tetrahedrons. This algorithm is implemented in PARED, a system that supports the parallel adaptive solution of PDEs. We discuss the design of such an algorithm for distributed memory machines including the problem of propagating refinement across processor boundaries to obtain meshes that are conforming and non-degenerate. We also demonstrate that the meshes obtained by this algorithm are equivalent to the ones obtained using the serial longest-edge refinement method. We finally report on the performance of this refinement algorithm on a network of workstations. Keywords: mesh refinement, unstructured meshes, finite element methods, adaptation. 1. Introduction The finite element method (FEM) is a powerful and successful technique for the numerical solution of partial differential equations. When applied to problems that exhibit highl...
Mass spectrometry-based protein assays forin vitrodiagnostic testing (2012)

Mass spectrometry-based protein assays hold great promise for in vitro diagnostic testing. Technological advances in mass spectrometry have given rise to instruments and methods that are fully capable of automated and high-throughput protein assaying. Yet, the numerous steps involved in such assays can lead to difficulties in assay characterization and validation, and can also make them unnecessarily complex and prohibitively expensive for everyday use. Simplification of both approaches and instrumentation seems to be the solution to the fast introduction of the mass spectrometry-based assays into the clinical laboratories. One such simplified approach is the mass spectrometric immunoassay, which couples targeted immunoaffinity protein separation with the power of mass spectrometry detection. Several mass spectrometric immunoassays have been extensively characterized and have found their way into clinical laboratory improvement amendments-certified laboratories in the form of laboratory developed tests. Reviewed in this special report is the development and validation of one of those assays - a Cystatin mass spectrometric immunoassay. With the added advantage of protein variant detection and quantification, these assays can redefine our view of protein diversity, with clear implications in biomarker discovery, validation, and ultimately, in vitro diagnostic testing.
Design of novel inhibitors of aminopeptidases. Synthesis of peptide-derived diamino thiols and sulfur replacement analogs of bestatin (1988)

Investigations were directed toward inhibition of an aminopeptidase, isolated from rat brain, which has been implicated in the metabolic inactivation of enkephalins. The design rationale and synthesis of novel peptidyl diamino thiol inhibitors of rat brain aminopeptidase are presented, along with accompanying structure-activity analysis. Some of the reported compounds are highly active aminopeptidase inhibitors and possess enzyme inhibitory potency in the nanomolar range (62; I50 = 1 nM). Analysis of the data permits speculations on possible modes of binding of diamino thiols to aminopeptidase. Other investigations were directed toward understanding the mode of enzyme binding of the naturally occurring aminopeptidase inhibitor bestatin. On the basis of published models of enzyme binding, replacement of the C-2 hydroxyl group of bestatin by a sulfhydryl group was anticipated to lead to enhanced inhibition due to a strengthened interaction of this group with enzymic zinc. Contrary to expectations, "thiobestatin" inhibited rat brain aminopeptidase with only the same degree of effectiveness as the corresponding alcohol. Speculations on the possible mode of enzyme-inhibitor binding of bestatin are offered.
A Deep Generative Architecture for Postfiltering in Statistical Parametric Speech Synthesis (2015)

The generated speech of hidden Markov model (HMM)-based statistical parametric speech synthesis still sounds “muffled.” One cause of this degradation in speech quality may be the loss of fine spectral structures. In this paper, we propose to use a deep generative architecture, a deep neural network (DNN) generatively trained, as a postfilter. The network models the conditional probability of the spectrum of natural speech given that of synthetic speech to compensate for such gap between synthetic and natural speech. The proposed probabilistic postfilter is generatively trained by cascading two restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) or deep belief networks (DBNs) with one bidirectional associative memory (BAM). We devised two types of DNN postfilters: one operating in the mel-cepstral domain and the other in the higher dimensional spectral domain. We compare these two new data-driven postfilters with other types of postfilters that are currently used in speech synthesis: a fixed mel-cepstral based postfilter, the global variance based parameter generation, and the modulation spectrum-based enhancement. Subjective evaluations using the synthetic voices of a male and female speaker confirmed that the proposed DNN-based postfilter in the spectral domain significantly improved the segmental quality of synthetic speech compared to that with conventional methods.
VLSI architecture for HDTV motion estimation based on block-matching algorithm (2002)

A systolic array architecture based on an efficient data-flow management for implementing the full-search block-matching algorithm for HDTV motion estimation is described. It is capable of treating (16/spl times/16)-blocks, with a displacement of /spl minus/8/+7 pixels. Serial data inputs save the pin counts and all the input data in current frame are read only once to keep the requirements to external units to a minimum. A simplified PE design reduces the computation to 1/3 of that by directly implementing the original algorithm without any influence on the performance. Simulation results show that pixel rates at about 150 MHz can be reached with 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Owing to the highly regular and modular properties, the proposed architecture is suitable for VLSI implementation. Transistor count is estimated about 320,000, which shows that the architecture can be realized in a single chip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Phase II Study of S-1 Plus Either Irinotecan or Docetaxel for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with More Than Three Lines of Treatment (2011)

S-1 containing doublets did not show activity in this population as a salvage treatment and further investigation cannot be recommended.
Design and implementation of a novel software-defined wireless sensor network (2017)

Software defined wireless sensing network (SDWSN) has gained wide attention on account of overcoming the storage and computational restrictions. SDWSN, an ultramodern architecture, still has crippling roadblocks. One of the toughest aspects is energy confinement and imbalanced consumption. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient algorithm based on energy shell and dynamically adjusting communication radius. In our algorithm, nodes in higher energy shells have higher priority to relay data. Having several candidate nodes to relay data, nodes prefer to relay data through the nodes with the highest RSSI. Compared to most other algorithms the algorithm we are proposing performs better in reducing energy expenditure and balancing energy consumption.
Motion error compensation of a mechanical contact spindle using a multi-degree-of-freedom micropositioning stage (2005)

A three-degree-of-freedom micropositioning stage has been developed for controlling spindle runout. The stage consists of three wedge-shaped plates and PZT-stacked actuators. This stage can expand to 6 degrees of freedom and moves precisely without a stick-slip effect because there is no friction. Moreover, this stage has high loading capacity and stiffness because most of the load is placed on actuators having high compressive strength. In a trial, a PI controller actuated the stage to decrease the runout of a ball-bearing spindle weighing 400N. As a result, radial and axial motion errors of the spindle mounted on the stage were decreased from 0.2μmto0.04μm.