gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding Plagiarism Linguistic Patterns, Textual Features, and Detection Methods (2011)

Plagiarism can be of many different natures, ranging from copying texts to adopting ideas, without giving credit to its originator. This paper presents a new taxonomy of plagiarism that highlights differences between literal plagiarism and intelligent plagiarism, from the plagiarist's behavioral point of view. The taxonomy supports deep understanding of different linguistic patterns in committing plagiarism, for example, changing texts into semantically equivalent but with different words and organization, shortening texts with concept generalization and specification, and adopting ideas and important contributions of others. Different textual features that characterize different plagiarism types are discussed. Systematic frameworks and methods of monolingual, extrinsic, intrinsic, and cross-lingual plagiarism detection are surveyed and correlated with plagiarism types, which are listed in the taxonomy. We conduct extensive study of state-of-the-art techniques for plagiarism detection, including character n-gram-based (CNG), vector-based (VEC), syntax-based (SYN), semantic-based (SEM), fuzzy-based (FUZZY), structural-based (STRUC), stylometric-based (STYLE), and cross-lingual techniques (CROSS). Our study corroborates that existing systems for plagiarism detection focus on copying text but fail to detect intelligent plagiarism when ideas are presented in different words.
Magnetic and non-Fermi-liquid phases inCe1−xYxRhIn5 (2003)

We have investigated single-crystal samples of ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Y}}_{x}{\mathrm{RhIn}}_{5}$ by means of specific heat C, magnetic susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi},$ and electrical resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}$ measurements as a function of temperature T. As yttrium is substituted for cerium, the N\'eel temperature is suppressed, yielding a quantum critical point at yttrium concentration ${x}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}0.38.$ Non-Fermi-liquid behavior (NFL) occurs in $C(T)$ and $\ensuremath{\chi}(T)$ over an extended range of yttrium concentrations above the quantum critical point $0.4&lt;~x&lt;~0.9$ with $C(T)$ and $\ensuremath{\chi}(T)$ displaying power law T dependences at low temperatures. Remarkably, the NFL behavior become more pronounced with increasing distance from the quantum critical point. For the samples with $0.2&lt;~x&lt;~0.9$ we also observe features in the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility above ${T}_{N}$ that may be due to tetragonal crystalline electric field splitting of the ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}J=5/2$ multiplet with a ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$ ground state.
The impact of investment on small-cell resource allocation (2016)

We consider a heterogeneous wireless network serving two classes of users: mobile and fixed. Mobile users can only associate with macro-cells while fixed users can be served by either macro- or small-cells. Multiple service providers (SPs) can operate in the network and each has the same macro-cell infrastructure. In contrast, each SP determines a small-cell deployment density by its investment. Each SP is given a fixed total bandwidth, which is split between macro- and small-cell service, and charges a price per unit rate for each type of service. The objective of each SP is then to select the price, bandwidth split, and investment in small-cells to maximize either revenue or social welfare. We first assume a single SP and characterize the optimal strategies for both revenue and social welfare maximization. The deployment density largely depends on the per unit deployment cost of small-cells. We then consider a binary investment game in which each SP has the option of investing in a small-cell network with fixed deployment density, and show that equilibria exist in which one, none, or both SPs invest. In most cases, the pure strategy equilibria are not socially optimal. In addition, there exists asymmetric equilibrium where one SP invests in small-cells while the other doesn't. Numerical results are presented that illustrate the effect of deployment cost on small-cell investment.
Fast Hamming distance computation for 2D art recognition on VLIW-architecture in case of Elbrus platform (2019)

In the paper we consider computational optimization of recognition system on Very Long Instruction Word architecture. Such architecture is aimed to a broad parallel execution and low energy consumption. We discuss VLIW features on the example of Elbrus-based computational platform. In the paper we consider system for 2D art recognition as the example. This system is able to identify a painting on acquired image as a painting from the database, using local image features constructed from YACIPE-keypoints and their RFD-based binary color descriptors, created as a concatenation of RFD-like descriptors for each channel. They are computed fast, while the 2D art database is quite large, so in our case more than a half of execution time consumes descriptor comparison using Hamming distance during image matching. This operation can be optimized with the help of low-level optimization considering special architecture features. In the paper we show efficient usage of intrinsic functions for Elbrus-4C processor and memory access with array prefetch buffer, which is specific for Elbrus platform. We demonstrate the speedup up to 11.5 times for large arrays and about 1.5 times overall speedup for the system without any changes in intermediate computations.
An architecture for wide-area multicast routing (1994)

Existing multicast routing mechanisms were intended for use within regions where a group is widely represented or bandwidth is universally plentiful. When group members, and senders to those group members, are distributed sparsely across a wide area, these schemes are not efficient; data packets or membership report information are occasionally sent over many links that do not lead to receivers or senders, respectively. We have developed a multicast routing architecture that efficiently establishes distribution trees across wide area internets, where many groups will be sparsely represented. Efficiency is measured in terms of the state, control message processing, and data packet processing, required across the entire network in order to deliver data packets to the members of the group.
Pyrolysis Oil Combustion Tests in an Industrial Boiler (2001)

This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References
Adenylosuccinate Synthetase and Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiencies Trigger Growth and Infectivity Deficits in Leishmania donovani (2013)

Leishmania are auxotrophic for purines, and consequently purine acquisition from the host is a requisite nutritional function for the parasite. Both adenylosuccinate synthetase (ADSS) and adenylosuccinate lyase (ASL) have been identified as vital components of purine salvage in Leishmania donovani, and therefore Δadss and Δasl null mutants were constructed to test this hypothesis. Unlike wild type L. donovani, Δadss and Δasl parasites in culture exhibited a profoundly restricted growth phenotype in which the only permissive growth conditions were a 6-aminopurine source in the presence of 2'-deoxycoformycin, an inhibitor of adenine aminohydrolase activity. Although both knock-outs showed a diminished capacity to infect murine peritoneal macrophages, only the Δasl null mutant was profoundly incapacitated in its ability to infect mice. The enormous discrepancy in parasite loads observed in livers and spleens from mice infected with either Δadss or Δasl parasites can be explained by selective accumulation of adenylosuccinate in the Δasl knock-out and consequent starvation for guanylate nucleotides. Genetic complementation of a Δasl lesion in Escherichia coli implied that the L. donovani ASL could also recognize 5-aminoimidazole-(N-succinylocarboxamide) ribotide as a substrate, and purified recombinant ASL displayed an apparent Km of ∼24 μm for adenylosuccinate. Unlike many components of the purine salvage pathway of L. donovani, both ASL and ADSS are cytosolic enzymes. Overall, these data underscore the paramount importance of ASL to purine salvage by both life cycle stages of L. donovani and authenticate ASL as a potential drug target in Leishmania.
Degeneracy-preserving parity measurements for fault-tolerant quantum error correction (2017)

The capability to perform parity-type measurements is a central ingredient of any fault-tolerant quantum computation architecture with protected qubits. We propose schemes to achieve continuous and quantum non-demolition measurements of a class of parity-type observables for the so-called cat-qubits. While opening new perspectives towards fault-tolerant quantum information processing with superconducting circuits, this work also explores a new regime of non-linear interactions provided by a high-impedance Josephson circuit.
Antistaphylococcal Activity of Novel Salicylanilide Derivatives (2012)

This study examined the antibacterial properties of nineteen benzoxazole, isoniazid, ethionamide and salicylanilide derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). It was found that three salicylanilide-derived compounds demonstrated antistaphylococcal activity: 5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzamide (5-Cl-4'-CF3- SAL), 4-chloro-2-(3-chlorophenylcarbamyoyl)phenyl)-2-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)propanoate (AIM31) and 4-chloro-2- (4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylcarbamoyl)phenyl acetate (AIM33). Investigation of the chemical structures of these three compounds and comparison with a non-inhibitory salicylanilide compound (i.e. 5,3'-diCl-SAL) illustrated that different combinations of chemical groups at defined positions on the salicylanilide core structure had a marked influence on antistaphylococcal activity. The most effective compound was AIM33 which inhibited staphylococcal growth and displayed an initial MIC value of 3.12 μg ml(-1) and subsequent investigation revealed that an MIC as low as of 0.5 μg ml(-1) was achievable. In this case, the dual presence of a trifluoromethyl group and an acetylated phenolic hydroxyl to the salicylanilide core structure led to greatly enhanced activity.
Tracking using a local closed-world assumption : tracking in the football domain (1994)

In this work we address the problem of tracking objects in a complex, dynamic scene. The objects are nonrigid and difficult to model geometrically. Their motion is erratic and they change shape rapidly between frames sampled at 30 frames per second. The objects have low spatial resolution, and the video used for tracking was taken with a panning and zooming camera. Finally, the objects are tracked in sequences up to eight seconds long while moving over a complex background. We suggest that conventional tracking methods are unlikely to perform well at tracking small objects in complex environments because they do not use contextual information to drive feature selection. We propose using &amp;quot;closed-world&amp;quot; analysis to incorporate contextual knowledge into low-level tracking. A closed-world is a space-time region of an image where contextual information like the number and type of objects within the region is assumed to be known. Given that knowledge, the region can be analyzed locally using...
Biological therapies for the treatment of cutaneous wounds: Phase III and launched therapies (2013)

While many products possess convincing clinical data demonstrating their efficacy in comparison to standard treatment options, more robust, controlled studies are needed to determine the relative value among established and emerging biological therapies. Future bioengineering and stem cell-based approaches are of particular interest due to the simultaneous correction of multiple deficiencies present in the nonhealing wound.
Study of the Adsorption of 4-Cyanopyridine on Au(111) Using Sum Frequency Generation Nonlinear Spectroscopy (1999)

The adsorption of 4-cyanopyridine on a Au(111) single crystal has been studied using the nonlinear Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. By probing the molecule vibrations in the 1000 cm—1 range thanks to the use of the tunable beam of the Free Electron Laser CLIO, and in the 2100 cm—1 range, it was possible to monitor the progressive flipping of the molecule on the surface when the electrochemical potential is increased from —1.0 up to +0.7 V (Ag/AgCl). These in situ experiments under potential control, allow us to have a better understanding of the adsorption geometry of 4-cyanopyridine on Au(111).
Directed Block Copolymer Assembly versus Electron Beam Lithography for Bit-Patterned Media with Areal Density of 1 Terabit/inch2 and Beyond (2009)

The directed self-assembly of block copolymer (BCP) offers a new route to perfect nanolithographic patterning at sub-50 nm length scale with molecular scale precision. We have explored the feasibility of using the BCP approach versus the conventional electron beam (e-beam) lithography to create highly dense dot patterns for bit-patterned media (BPM) applications. Cylinder-forming poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) directly self-assembled on a chemically prepatterned substrate. The nearly perfect hexagonal arrays of perpendicularly oriented cylindrical pores at a density of approximately 1 Terabit per square inch (Tb/in.(2)) are achieved over an arbitrarily large area. Considerable gains in the BCP process are observed relative to the conventional e-beam lithography in terms of the dot size variation, the placement accuracy, the pattern uniformity, and the exposure latitude. The maximum dimensional latitude in the cylinder-forming BCP patterns and the maximum skew angle that the BCP can tolerate have been investigated for the first time. The dimensional latitude restricts the formation of more than one lattice configuration in certain ranges. More defects in BCP patterns are observed when using low molecular weight BCP materials or on non-hexagonal prepatterns due to the dimensional latitude restriction. Finally, the limitations and challenges in the BCP approach that are associated with BPM applications will be briefly discussed.
Ex vivo mechanical properties of a 2.5‐mm bone anchor for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in toy breed dogs (2020)

This bone anchor may constitute a useful alternative for stabilization of the CCL deficient stifle in toy breed dogs. However, before it can be recommended for widespread use in dogs, closely monitored clinical trials must be conducted to assess outcome and complications associated with this implant.
Surface Diagnostics in Tribology (1993)

A Perspective on Surface Analysis for Tribology (S V Pepper) Applications of Surface Analysis in Applied Tribology (J Ferrante) Characterization of Topography of Engineering Surfaces (Y-W Chung) Field Ion Microscopy in Tribological Studies (N Ohmae) Adhesion and Friction at the Atomic Scale: Application of the Atomic Force Microscope (M B Salmeron) Uses of AES and XPS in Adhesion, Friction and Wear Studies (K Miyoshi) Applications of Surface Science to Solid Lubricants (S V Didziulis & P D Fleischauer) Microscopic Tribology Evaluation of Carbonaceous Film by FTIR and SPM (S Miyake) Applications of Surface Analysis in Tribological Surface Modifications (D E Peebles et al.) Interfacial Friction of Molecularly Thin Liquid Films (A M Homola) Applications of Surface Analysis in Understanding Boundary Lubrication (B M DeKoven).
NC-015. CHANGES IN FDG-PET UPTAKE DURING A DELAYED MATCH TO SAMPLE MEMORY TASK (2013)

BACKGROUND: This project seeks to reverse translate our Wake Forest School of Medicine (WFSM) non-human primate (NHP) model of radiation-induced cognitive decline. For NHP studies, performance on and uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) during an internally developed delayed match to sample (DMS) task
Ultrawideband RF-IQ Modulator Using Segmented Nonlinearly Scaled RF-DACs and Nonoverlapping LO Signals (2023)

A wideband Cartesian in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) modulator based on dual 10 b RF-digital-to-analog converters (DACs) is presented. Nonoverlapping local oscillator (LO) signals and a segmented nonlinear scaling with scaled unit cells contribute to a high linearity and allow for a low-complexity digital predistortion (DPD). Unit-cell flip-flops (FFs) and a balanced clock distribution enable a high sample rate with little skew. Out-of-band emissions are reduced through drive-slope control of the data-switch inputs. The modulator, implemented in the 22-nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) CMOS, operates between 20 and 26 GHz with a peak sample rate of 11 GS/s. It has been used to demonstrate the transmission of a 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) single-carrier (SC) signal at 13.2 Gb/s, a 256-QAM SC signal at 7.33 Gb/s, and an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal comprising four aggregated 400-MHz 64-QAM channels with an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 6.43%. These results demonstrate the potential of the proposed modulator for the realization of ultrawideband transmitters in high-performance millimeter-wave (mmW) systems.
AB067. Cholinergic enhancement of short-term patching in healthy adults (2018)

Background: Patching an eye for a period of 2 hours results in a period of plasticity where inter-ocular balance shifts in favor of the patched eye. Acetylcholine has been shown to improve visual function and augment adult neural plasticity. Here we evaluate whether administering the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil enhances the magnitude or duration of the patching induced shift in ocular balance. Methods: We used a double-blind drug treatment design to test the effect of donepezil and patching on the shift in ocular balance. We used a well-known binocular phase combination task to measure ocular balance before and after treatment. Results: Our results demonstrate that donepezil does not enhance, and may actually reduce the magnitude and duration of the patching-induced shift in ocular balance. Conclusions: Patching induced adult neural plasticity does not appear to be modulated by the cholinergic system, however, increased dose or longer drug administration periods may yield significant results. Future studies on binocular rivalry are in the pipeline.
A directional MAC protocol with the DATA-frame fragmentation and short busy advertisement signal for mitigating the directional hidden node problem (2012)

This paper proposes a MAC protocol for ad hoc networks with directional antennas for mitigating the directional hidden-node problem. In the proposed protocol, it is possible to tell the communication situation to the directional hidden node by using DATA-frame fragmentations and short busy advertisement signals. As a result, the frame collisions induced by the directional hidden nodes can be reduced and the network throughput is enhanced compared with the conventional protocol. Simulation results show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed protocol.
Quantitative Comparisons of Healing in Cranial Fresh Autografts, Frozen Autografts and Processed Autografts, and Allografts in Canine Skull Defects (1986)

Adult dog skull defects larger than 17 mm do not spontaneously heal. A quest for a potentially viable, cosmetically, mechanically, and technically acceptable template for human cranial reconstruction prompted a comparison of processed autogeneic and allogeneic bone implants with a fresh autograft control in the dog. Quantitative reproducible observations demonstrated that fresh calvarial bone autografts were superior to the nonviable implants in volume percent defect filled, mm2 new cortical bone, mm2 new and old cortical bone, and cortical bone porosity. Frozen autografts achieved 75%, antigen-extracted, autolyzed, partially demineralized auto- and allografts, 50% of the overall efficiency of fresh autografts. Fresh cancellous bone added to allografts did not improve long-term repair. Remodeling of all grafts appeared consistent with osteoconductive invasion by peripheral host endosteal and diploic elements; host external periosteum and dura contributed less. Central osteoinductive recruitment of mesenchymal cells from muscle or dura seemed not to occur in the adult dog. Partially demineralized dog calvarial grafts were resorbed without acting as a template for new bone formation. Surface demineralization, antigen extraction, and autolytic digestion of autografts and allografts, with or without fresh iliac bone, did not improve calvarial bone regeneration in adult dogs.
Author Correction: Insights into a dual function amide oxidase/macrocyclase from lankacidin biosynthesis (2019)

In the original version of this Article, the final concentration of riboflavin in the supplemented LB medium for recombinant LkcE expression was incorrectly stated as 1 g L<sup>-1</sup> (this was the concentration of the stock solution) and should have read 10-50 mg L-<sup>1</sup>. This error has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Lung Ultrasound Signs to Diagnose and Discriminate Interstitial Syndromes in ICU Patients: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study in Two Cohorts* (2022)

Lung ultrasound can diagnose and discriminate interstitial syndromes in ICU patients with moderate-to-good accuracy. Pleural line abnormalities are highly specific for NCIS, but sensitivity is limited.
Triangular Active Charge Injection Method for Resonant Power Supply Noise Reduction (2018)

This paper proposes a triangular active charge injection method to reduce resonant power supply noise by injecting the adequate amount of charge into the supply line of the LSI in response to the current consumption of the core circuit. The proposed circuit is composed of three key components, a voltage drop detector, an injection controller circuit and a canceling capacitor circuit. In addition to the theoretical analysis of the proposed method, the measurement results indicate that our proposed method with active capacitor can realize about 14% noise reduction compared with the original noise amplitude. The proposed circuit consumes 25.2 mW in steady state and occupies 0.182 mm2.
Formal [3 + 3] Cycloaddition Approach to Chromenes and Chromanes. Concise Total Syntheses of (±)-Rhododaurichromanic Acids A and B and Methyl (±)-Daurichromenic Ester (2003)

[reaction: see text] Total syntheses of (+/-)-rhododaurichromanic acids A and B and methyl (+/-)-daurichromenic ester are described here. Despite the complex appearances of these compounds, their syntheses are completed in six steps with a 15% overall yield as a mixture by featuring our formal oxa-[3 + 3] cycloaddition methodology.
Copper‐Photocatalyzed Borylation of Organic Halides under Batch and Continuous‐Flow Conditions (2019)

The copper-photocatalyzed borylation of aryl, heteroaryl, vinyl and alkyl halides (I and Br) was reported. The reaction proceeded using a new heteroleptic Cu complex under irradiation with blue LEDs, giving the corresponding boronic-acid esters in good to excellent yields. The reaction was extended to continuous-flow conditions to allow an easy scale-up. The mechanism of the reaction was studied and a mechanism based on a reductive quenching (Cu<sup>I</sup> /Cu<sup>I</sup> */Cu<sup>0</sup> ) was suggested.
High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (2014)

There is evidence for increasing survival rates following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and this is associated with increasing rates of bystander CPR. The quality of CPR provided by healthcare professionals can be improved with real-time feedback devices. The components of high-quality CPR and the metrics that can be measured and fed back to healthcare professionals have been defined by expert consensus. In the future, real-time feedback based on the physiological responses to CPR may prove more effective.