gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on Excitation Voltage Effects of the Thermal Excitation Resonant Pressure Sensor (2009)

Resonant pressure sensor, whose thermal gradient field is changed by variations in electro-thermal excitation, then influences the resonant frequency of the sensor, so different thermal excitation will produce different thermal stress, and then influences the characteristic of the sensor. For the thermal excitation resonant pressure sensor at different voltages excitant will produce different thermal gradient field, then influences the frequency of the sensor. Taking the advantage of lock-in amplifier, which can detect weak signal, an open-loop test experiment about the resonance output signal is carried out by using the method of alternating current excitation and pick-up with two-octave component. The results show the relational about thermal excitant virtual value and resonant frequency of this silicon microstructure resonant pressure sensor. Analysis about the result of the experiment is given, which can provide certain theories basis for the optimum design of the related parameter of this sensor, and have an important advice for the peripheral circuit design.
The potential role for arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in protection against some central nervous system injuries in preterm infants (2003)

The risk of central nervous, visual, and auditory damage increases from 2/1000 live births in the normal birthweight to > 200/1000 as birthweight falls below 1500 g. Such babies are most likely to be born preterm. Advances in infant care have led to increasing numbers of very-low-birthweight, preterm infants surviving to school age with moderate to severe brain damage. Steroids are one of the current treatments, but they cause significant, long-term problems. The evidence reported here suggests an additional approach to protecting the very preterm infant by supporting neurovascular membrane integrity. The complications of preterm, very-low-birthweight babies include bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, and necrotizing enterocolitis, all of which have a vascular component. Arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA are essential, structural, and functional constituents of cell membranes. They are especially required for the growth and function of the brain and vascular systems, which are the primary biofocus of human fetal growth. Molecular dynamics and experimental evidence suggest that DHA could be the ligand for the retinoid X receptor (RXR) in neural tissue. RXR activation is an obligatory step in signaling to the nucleus and in the regulation of gene expression. Very preterm babies are born with minimal fat stores and suboptimal circulating levels of these nutrients. Postnatally, they lose the biomagnification of the proportions of AA and DHA by the placenta for the fetus. No current nutritional management repairs these deficits. The placental biomagnification profile highlights AA rather than DHA. The resultant fetal FA profile closely resembles that of the vascular endothelium and not the brain. Without this nourishment, cell membrane abnormalities would be predicted. We present a scientific rationale for a common pathogenic process in the complications of prematurity.
X-masking during logic BIST and its impact on defect coverage (2006)

We present a technique for making a circuit ready for logic built-in self test by masking unknown values at its outputs. In order to keep the silicon area cost low, some known bits in output responses are also allowed to be masked. These bits are selected based on a stuck-at n-detection based metric, such that the impact of masking on the defect coverage is minimal. An analysis based on a probabilistic model for resistive short defects indicates that the coverage loss for unmodeled defects is negligible for relatively low values of n.
Transactivation of EGFR by LPS Induces COX-2 Expression in Enterocytes (2012)

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of gastrointestinal morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. NEC is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response to bacterial flora leading to bowel necrosis. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediates inflammation through TLR4 activation and is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of NEC. However, LPS also induces cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which promotes intestinal barrier restitution through stimulation of intestinal cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation prevents experimental NEC and may play a critical role in LPS-stimulated COX-2 production. We hypothesized that EGFR is required for LPS induction of COX-2 expression. Our data show that inhibiting EGFR kinase activity blocks LPS-induced COX-2 expression in small intestinal epithelial cells. LPS induction of COX-2 requires Src-family kinase signaling while LPS transactivation of EGFR requires matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors block LPS stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK, suggesting an important role of the MAPK/ERK pathway in EGFR-mediated COX-2 expression. LPS stimulates proliferation of IEC-6 cells, but this stimulation is inhibited with either the EGFR kinase inhibitor AG1478, or the selective COX-2 inhibitor Celecoxib. Taken together, these data show that EGFR plays an important role in LPS-induction of COX-2 expression in enterocytes, which may be one mechanism for EGF in inhibition of NEC.
The Self-Knowledge That Externalists Leave Out (1998)

This paper addresses the relationship between self-knowledge, practical reason and Externalist theories of mind. Specifically, I argue that the kind of self-knowledge defended by Externalists is insufficient for intentional action. I claim that we know how to act only if we have access to beliefs about how our circumstances are related to our intended actions. I then go on to argue that the kind of mental content we need to characterize these beliefs is incompatible with the Externalist’s assumptions.
The construction of realistic 3D hemodynamic models of DeBakey III aortic dissection by using CT images and its application in computational mimic analysis (2010)

Objective: To explore a simple and precise methods to establish a virtual 3D model of DeBakey III aortic dissections used for computerized mimic analysis of its hemodynamics. Methods: The computed tomographic angiography (CTA) scanning images of four typical types of DeBakey III aortic dissections were obtained to generate 3-dimentional surface models, based on which the tetrahedral meshes were finally created. The generated models were tested for mesh-independent solutions under preliminary predefined inlet /outlet loads and fluid properties. Results: The four models of DeBakey III aortic dissections contained 1857030, 1820501, 1844181 and 1814914 tetrahedrons, respectively, with the length ranging from 427 to 523 mm. Conclusion: The accuracy of the models is highly consistent with the real anatomy. This can pave the way for the clinical application of computational fluid dynamics simulation in aortic diseases in the future work. (authors)
Space station experiment definition: Long term cryogenic fluid storage (1987)

A preliminary design of an experiment to demonstrate and evaluate long-term cryogenic fluid storage and transfer technologies has been performed. This Long-Term Cryogenic Fluid Storage (LTCFS) experiment is a Technology Development Mission (TDM) experiment proposed by the NASA Lewis Research Center to be deployed on the Initial Operational Capability (IOC) space station. Technologies required by future orbital cryogenic systems such as Orbital Transfer Vehicles (OTV's) were defined, and critical technologies requiring demonstration were chosen to be included in the experiment. A three-phase test program was defined to test the following types of technologies: (1) Passive Thermal Technologies; (2) Fluid Transfer Technologies; and (3) Active Refrigeration Technologies. The development status of advanced technologies required for the LTCFS experiment is summarized, including current, past and future programs.
Fast and efficient data reduction approach for multi-camera light field display telepresence systems (2013)

Cutting-edge telepresence systems equipped with multiple cameras for capturing the whole scene of a collaboration space, face the challenge of transmitting huge amount of dynamic data from multiple viewpoints. With the introduction of Light Field Displays (LFDs) in to the remote collaboration space, it became possible to produce an impression of 3D virtual presence. In addition, LFDs in current generation also rely on the images obtained from cameras arranged in various spatial configurations. To have a realistic and natural 3D collaboration using LFDs, the data in the form of multiple camera images needs to be transmitted in real time using the available bandwidth. Classical compression methods might resolve this issue to a certain level. However, in many cases the achieved compression level is by far insufficient. Moreover, the available compression schemes do not consider any of the display-related attributes. Here, we propose a method by which we reduce the data from each of the camera images by discarding unused parts of the images at the acquisition site in a predetermined way using the display model and geometry, as well as the mapping between the captured and displayed light field. The proposed method is simple to implement and can exclude the unnecessary data in an automatic way. While similar methods exist for 2D screens or display walls, this is the first such algorithm for light fields. Our experimental results show that an identical light field reconstruction can be achieved with the reduced set of data which we would have got if all the data were transmitted. Moreover, the devised method provides very good processing speed.
Regulation of a Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channel by Tyrosine Phosphorylation (2003)

The recently identified transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family member, TRPV4 (formerly known as OTRPC4, VR-OAC, TRP12, and VRL-2) is activated by hypotonicity. It is highly expressed in the kidney as well as blood-brain barrier-deficient hypothalamic nuclei responsible for systemic osmosensing. Apart from its gating by hypotonicity, little is known about TRPV4 regulation. We observed that hypotonic stress resulted in rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of TRPV4 in a heterologous expression model and in native murine distal convoluted tubule cells in culture. This tyrosine phosphorylation was sensitive to the inhibitor of Src family tyrosine kinases, PP1, in a dose-dependent fashion. TRPV4 associated with Src family kinases by co-immunoprecipitation studies and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, and this interaction required an intact Src family kinase SH2 domain. One of these kinases, Lyn, was activated by hypotonic stress and phosphorylated TRPV4 in an immune complex kinase assay and an in vitro kinase assay using recombinant Lyn and TRPV4. Transfection of wild-type Lyn dramatically potentiated hypotonicity-dependent TRPV4 tyrosine phosphorylation whereas dominant negative-acting Lyn modestly inhibited it. Through mutagenesis studies, the site of tonicity-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation was mapped to Tyr-253, which is conserved across all species from which TRPV4 has been cloned. Importantly, point mutation of Tyr-253 abolished hypotonicity-dependent channel activity. In aggregate, these data indicate that hypotonic stress results in Src family tyrosine kinase-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the tonicity sensor TRPV4 at residue Tyr-253 and that this residue is essential for channel function in this context. This is the first example of direct regulation of TRP channel function through tyrosine phosphorylation.
Electrical and Photovoltaic Properties of CdS–GaAs Junctions (1975)

Heterojunction photodiodes were made by epitaxial growth of CdS on GaAs substrate using the close-spaced technique, and their photoelectric properties were examined as a function of the substrate temperature. Good rectification and photovoltaic properties were obtained on n–n CdS–GaAs junctions. The junction showed Schottky-diode like photoresponse. Since the carrier concentration in the CdS layers was much larger than that in the GaAs substrate, the depletion layer between these junctions extended mainly on the GaAs side. The diffusion of Cd into the GaAs substrate affected photoelectric properties of the diodes. The technical data for the optimum growth conditions for good characteristics are presented. The quantum efficiency of 69% from photon to electron for monochromatic light of 6328 Å is obtained.
Fundamentals of Kalman Filtering: A Practical Approach (2001)

This text is a practical guide to building Kalman filters and shows how the filtering equations can be applied to real-life problems. Numerous examples are presented in detail, showing the many ways in which Kalman filters can be designed. Computer code written in FORTRAN, MATLAB[registered], and True BASIC accompanies all of the examples so that the interested reader can verify concepts and explore issues beyond the scope of the text. Sometimes mistakes are introduced intentionally to the initial filter designs to show the reader what happens when the filter is not working properly. The text spends a great deal of time setting up a problem before the Kalman filter is actually formulated to give the reader an intuitive feel for the problem being addressed. Real problems are seldom presented in the form of differential equations and they usually do not have unique solutions. Therefore, the authors illustrate several different filtering approaches for tackling a problem. Readers will gain experience in software and performance tradeoffs for determining the best filtering approach for the application at hand. The second edition has two new chapters and an additional appendix. In the first new chapter, a recursive digital filter known as the fading memory filter is introduced and it is shown that for some radar tracking applications the fading memory filter can yield similar performance to a Kalman filter at far less computational cost. A second new chapter presents techniques for improving Kalman filter performance. Included is a practical method for preprocessing measurement data when there are too many measurements for the filter to utilize in a given amount of time. The chapter also contains practical methods for making the Kalman filter adaptive. A new appendix has been added which serves as a central location and summary for the text's most important concepts and formulas. MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc.
Obtention d'hydrolysats inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine par fermentation de lactosérum caprin : caractérisation de peptides d'intérêt biologique (2005)

L’hydrolyse enzymatique des proteines du lactoserum (α-lactalbumine et β-lactoglobuline) permet la liberation de peptides potentiellement bioactifs (antihypertenseurs, antibacteriens, antitumoraux…). Au cours de cette etude, six hydrolysats potentiellement antihypertenseurs ont pu etre obtenus apres fermentation de lactoserum caprin par 25 microflores de fromages. L’hydrolysat presentant l’activite la plus importante provient de la fermentation du lactoserum par une co-culture de Lactobacillus paracasei et Candida parapsilosis issus de la microflore d’un fromage de type Comte. Au cours de la fermentation, C. Parapsilosis excrete au moins une protease acide responsable de l’hydrolyse de l’α-la, celle-ci etant activee au cours de l’acidification du milieu par la croissance de L. Paracasei. Un peptide potentiellement antihypertenseur de sequence WLAHK a pu etre identifie au sein de cet hydrolysat. Ce peptide presente un IC50 de l’ordre de 8 µM. Au cours d’une digestion gastro-intestinale in vitro, celui-ci est degrade par la chymotrypsine en deux peptides P1 et P2. Alors que le peptide WLAHK presente une activite inhibitrice de l’ECA de 35% pour une concentration de l’ordre de 4µg/ml, aucune activite n’a pu etre observee pour une meme quantite de peptides P1 et P2 testee.
Effects of black current anthocyanoside intake on dark adaptation and VDT work-induced transient refractive alteration in healthy humans. (2000)

The effects of oral intake of a black currant anthocyanosides (BCA) concentrate on dark adaptation, video display terminal (VDT) work-induced transient refractive alteration, and subjective asthenopia symptoms (visual fatigue) were examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with healthy human subjects. In a dark adaptation study, intake of BCA at three dose levels (12.5-, 20-, and 50 mg/subject, n = 12) appeared to bring about dose-dependent lowering of the dark adaptation threshold. Statistical analysis comparing the values before and after intake indicated there was a significant difference at the 50 mg dose (p= 0. 011). Comparing the refraction values for the dominant eye, BCA intake (50 mg/subject, n = 21) resulted in no decrease in the average value after the visual task; whereas, a placebo trial resulted in a large decrease in the average value, resulting in borderline significance (p = 0.064). In the assessment of subjective asthenopia symptoms by questionnaire, significant improvement was recognized on the basis of the statements regarding the eye and lower back after BCA intake.
Agreement between Rheumatologist and Patient-reported Adherence to Methotrexate in a US Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry (2016)

MTX use was misclassified for 13%-20% of patients, mainly because of 1 or more missed doses rather than overt discontinuation. Clinicians should be aware of suboptimal adherence when assessing MTX response.
Novel Topically Active Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Compounds for Acne (2007)

INTRODUCTION Dosing strategies for topical and regional products applied to the skin are poorly defined and developed. For example, dose is usually expressed as the percentage concentration of the drug in a topical formulation. In fact, clearly, the dose applied is a multiple of the concentration of drug in the formulation, times the amount of formulation applied per area of skin. Also topical bioavailability, the ratio of dose absorbed to dose applied, is most usually in the range of 0.01 of 0.02 (1-2%), exceptionally up to 0.10 (10%), and, not infrequently, as little as 0.001 (0.1%). Thus, percentage dose absorbed is low, “99% is wasted” (1), and dose absorbed is poorly correlated to dose applied. Finally, dose intervals are based on consumer habits, which are derived from oral drug usage, and in general have little basis in science.
Keratinocyte growth factor induces hyperproliferation and delays differentiation in a skin equivalent model system (2001)

ABSTRACT Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a paracrine mediator of epithelial cell growth. To examine the direct effects of KGF on the morphogenesis of the epidermis, we generated skin equivalents in vitro by seeding human keratinocytes on the papillary surface of acellular dermis and raising them up to the air‐liquid interface. KGF was either added exogenously or expressed by keratinocytes via a recombinant retrovirus encoding KGF. KGF induced dramatic changes to the 3‐dimensional organization of the epidermis including pronounced hyperthickening, crowding, and elongation of the basal cells, flattening of the rete ridges, and a ripple‐like pattern in the junction of stratum corneum and granular layers. Quantitative immunostaining for the proliferation antigen, Ki67, revealed that in addition to increasing basal proliferation, KGF extended the proliferative compartment by inducing suprabasal cell proliferation. KGF also induced expression of the integrin α5β1 and delayed expression of keratin 10 and transglutaminase. However, barrier formation of the epidermis was not disrupted. These results demonstrate for the first time that a single growth factor can alter the 3‐dimensional organization and proliferative function of an in vitro epidermis. In addition to new strategies for tissue engineering, such a well‐defined system will be useful for analyzing growth factor effects on the complex links between cell proliferation, cell movement and differentiation within a stratified tissue.—Andreadis, S. T., Hamoen, K. E., Yarmush, M. L., Morgan, J. R. Keratinocyte growth factor induces hyperproliferation and delays differentiation in a skin equivalent model system. FASEB J. 15, 898–909 (2001)
Agglomeration of Bitumen-Coated Coke Particles in Fluid Cokers (2010)

A simplified mathematical model is proposed to determine the agglomeration tendency of bitumen-coated coke particles in fluid cokers. The model calculates a theoretical critical velocity that depends on key parameters such as the particle size, bitumen viscosity, and bitumen thickness; it also accounts for the temperature- and reaction-dependent variations of the bitumen thickness and viscosity. A peak theoretical critical velocity at the intermediate reaction times for all coking temperatures is predicted. By comparing this peak critical velocity with the estimated inter-particle collision velocities within an industrial-scale reactor, the agglomeration tendency of coke particles is determined within fluid cokers. The results show that at low temperature regions (T=400 °C), there is no agglomeration tendency; however, at high coking temperatures (T=503 and 530 °C), substantial agglomeration tendency is expected. It is also found that the number of coke particles constituting an agglomerate could be as high as a few hundreds.
Polyamine responses in a solid transplanted tumor (S180) in liver and in urine during endotoxin-induced tumor injury in the mouse (1981)

Polyamine (PA) and ATP concentrations have been measured in the S180 sarcoma damaged by endotoxin (1) 4 hours after administration, coinciding with the onset of hemorrhage, (2) at 8 hours, and (3) at 24 hours, preceeding overt necrosis. The putrescine (PU) content increased promptly, the spermidine (SPD) level dropped by 30% between 8 and 24 hours, while the spermine (SPM) concentration remained unchanged. The ATP level fell, reaching 1% of the control value at 24 hours. The parallel between increases in tumor PU content and urinary PU excretion appears to be largely fortuitous; no similar correlations existed in the cases of SPD and SPM. The development of tumor stasis and the alterations seen in PA metabolism of tumor-free controls suggest that the changes in liver PA concentrations and in urinary excretion primarily reflect responses of nonmalignant cells. Both these findings in animals without tumors and existing data from other experimental systems are consistent with the thesis that PA response patterns to a particular procedure are qualitatively similar regardless of the presence or absence of a malignant growth, and are characteristic of the procedure employed.
ZnO−Al2O3 and ZnO−TiO2 Core−Shell Nanowire Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2006)

We describe the construction and performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) based on arrays of ZnO nanowires coated with thin shells of amorphous Al(2)O(3) or anatase TiO(2) by atomic layer deposition. We find that alumina shells of all thicknesses act as insulating barriers that improve cell open-circuit voltage (V(OC)) only at the expense of a larger decrease in short-circuit current density (J(SC)). However, titania shells 10-25 nm in thickness cause a dramatic increase in V(OC) and fill factor with little current falloff, resulting in a substantial improvement in overall conversion efficiency, up to 2.25% under 100 mW cm(-2) AM 1.5 simulated sunlight. The superior performance of the ZnO-TiO(2) core-shell nanowire cells is a result of a radial surface field within each nanowire that decreases the rate of recombination in these devices. In a related set of experiments, we have found that TiO(2) blocking layers deposited underneath the nanowire films yield cells with reduced efficiency, in contrast to the beneficial use of blocking layers in some TiO(2) nanoparticle cells. Raising the efficiency of our nanowire DSCs above 2.5% depends on achieving higher dye loadings through an increase in nanowire array surface area.