gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bio-inspired robust non-iridescent structural color with self-adhesive amorphous colloidal particle arrays (2017)

Here we propose a new method for constructing highly color fast non-iridescent structural color materials by assembling self-adhesive poly-dopamine coated SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (PDA@SiO<sub>2</sub>) for amorphous colloidal arrays through a "spraying" process. Simply by alkaline vapor treatment, the adhesive forces and fastness of the amorphous colloidal arrays were significantly improved. This was demonstrated by lap shear tests of tape tearing and cohesive failure as well as a series of fastness tests like sandpaper abrasion, finger wiping and ultrasonic cleaning. Besides, the strengthening fastness reaction could occur on different substrates, including glass, metals, polymers and paper, regardless of their chemical and physical properties. Moreover, the structural color of the PDA@SiO<sub>2</sub> arrays was bright due to the broadband absorption of PDA, and was tunable according to the size, PDA content and arrangement of the PDA@SiO<sub>2</sub> arrays.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Mannich Reaction: Direct Access to Chiral β-Amino Esters (2019)

An asymmetric Mannich reaction has been developed to generate chiral β-amino esters in good yields with excellent enantiomeric excesses (ee, up to 99%) using a chiral bifunctional thiourea catalyst derived from (<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-cyclohexyldiamine. This is the first report on the addition of 3-indolinone-2-carboxylates to <i>N</i>-Boc-benzaldimines generated in situ from α-amidosulfones, which proceeds under mild conditions.
The morphology and electronic structure of ordered polyimide monolayers (1991)

Monolayers of two different polyimides (PMDA-ODA and PMDA-PDA) have been prepared on graphite and oxidized silicon surfaces using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique of Kakimoto and co-workers. Scanning tunnelling microscopy indicates that both the rod-like PMDA-PDA and the zigzag PMDA-ODA are characterized by a high degree of two-dimensional order on graphite. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the carbon, nitrogen and oxygen K-edges has been used to obtain information on the orientation of the different sections in the polymer chain. With the help of corresponding spectra from the model compounds pyromellitic diimide and diphenyl ether some insight can be gained into the origin of the resonances at the C and N K-edges.
Pattern and Dynamics of Distant Metastases in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2017)

The present analysis provides detailed information on the pattern and evolution of colorectal cancer metastases over time. Thus, it may establish the basis for prospective future research in this field.
Sex differences in gene expression in response to ischemia in the human myocardium (2018)

Abstract and Keywords Background Sex differences exist in the prevalence, presentation, and outcomes of ischemic heart disease. Females have higher risk of heart failure post myocardial infarction relative to males and the female sex is an independent risk factor for hospital and operative mortality after cardiac surgery. However, the mechanisms underlying this sexual dimorphism remain unclear. We examined sex differences in human myocardial gene expression in response to ischemia. Methods Left ventricular biopsies from 68 male and 46 female patients undergoing aortic valve replacement surgery were obtained at baseline and after a median 74 minutes of cold cardioplegic arrest/ischemia and respective transcriptomes were quantified by RNA-Seq. Sex-specific responses to ischemia were quantified by differential gene expression, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and pathway and functional analysis. Cell-type enrichment analysis. was used to obtain an estimate of the identity and relative proportions of different cell types present in each sample. Results A sex-specific response to ischemia was observed for 271 genes. Functional annotation analysis revealed sex-specific modulation of the oxytocin signaling pathway and common pathway of fibrin clot formation. The eQTL analysis identified variant-by-sex interaction eQTLs at baseline and post-ischemia, indicative of sex differences in the genotypic effects on gene expression, and cell-type enrichment analysis showed sex-bias in proportion of specific cell types. Conclusion In response to myocardial ischemia, the human left ventricle demonstrates changes in gene expression that differ between the sexes. These differences provide insight into the sexual dimorphism of ischemic heart disease and may aid in the development of sex-specific therapies that reduce myocardial injury.
Medicinal Foodstuffs. IX. The Inhibitors of Glucose Absorption from the Leaves of Cymnema sylvestre R. BR. (Asclepiadaceae): Structures of Gymnemosides a and b. (1997)

Although the glycosidic fraction from the dried leaves of Gymnema sylvestre R. BR., gymnemic acid, was reported to be effective for diabetes, it showed little inhibitory activity on the increase of serum glucose level in oral glucose-loaded rats. From the glycosidic fraction, six triterpene glycosides, gymnemosides a, b, c, d, e, and f, were isolated together with nine known triterpene glycosides. The structures of gymnemosides a and b were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence as 21-O-tigloyl-22-O-acetylgymnemagenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid and 16-O-acetyl-21-O-tigloylgymnemagenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, respectively. In addition, an acetyl group linked to the 16- or 22-hydroxyl group in gymnemosides a and b was found to migrate easily to the primary 28-hydroxyl group, while the acyl migration from the 28-position was rarely observed. The inhibitory activity of each triterpene glycoside from gymnemic acid was examined to determine its impact on the increase of serum glucose level in oral glucose-loaded rats. Gymnemoside b and gymnemic acids III, V, and VII were found to exhibit a little inhibitory activity against glucose absorption, but the principal constituents, gymnemic acid I and gymnemasaponin V, lacked this activity.
BiOCl/BiVO4 p–n Heterojunction with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity under Visible-Light Irradiation (2013)

A novel visible-light-active BiOCl/BiVO4 photocatalyst with a p–n heterojunction structure was prepared using a hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic activity of the heterojunction was investigated by monitoring the change in methyl orange (MO) concentration under visible-light irradiation. The results reveal that the composite exhibited markedly improved efficiency for MO photodegradation in comparison with pure BiVO4, BiOCl, and Degussa P25. This is ascribed to the B-type heterojunction structure with a strong oxidative ability and efficient charge separation and transfer across the BiOCl/BiVO4 p–n junction. The highest activity was obtained in the BiOCl/BiVO4 heterojunction using a composite of 13 mol % BiOCl and 87 mol % BiVO4. The removal of MO was mainly initiated by valence-band holes, but dissolved oxygen also played a crucial role in consuming the conduction-band electrons. This was verified by the effects of scavengers and N2 purging.
Integration of complement and leukocytes in response to allotransplantation (2002)

Beginning with ischemia-reperfusion injury and extending through acute and chronic rejection, complement can be activated by acute phase proteins, mannose binding lectin, and alloantibodies. Vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, macrophages, T cells, and B cells are stimulated through specific receptors for split products of the early complement components to produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Deposition of sublytic amounts of the terminal components of complement C5b-C9 has extensive effects on arterial tissues. These include the release of large molecular weight von Willebrand factor from endothelial cells and platelets in the high-shear environment of large vessels. Smooth muscle cell proliferation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix are also stimulated by deposition of C5b-C9. Arterial injury can be expanded by macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells producing complement and cytokines in autocrine and paracrine feedback loops. As a result of these stimulatory mechanisms on leukocytes and parenchymal cells, complement activation can initiate and perpetuate transplant injury.
SRAM Circuit With Expanded Operating Margin and Reduced Stand-By Leakage Current Using Thin-BOX FD-SOI Transistors (2006)

The deterioration of operating margin and increasing leakage current in SRAM are becoming critical problems with the advance of process scaling. To solve these problems, we propose a low-power SRAM circuit using thin buried-oxide fully depleted silicon-on-insulator transistors. The back-gate bias is introduced to the SRAM circuits and acquires high operating margin and high-speed operation under low supply voltage. The leakage current in stand-by state is reduced. This SRAM achieves 30% faster writing time under low-voltage operation and 90% less stand-by power
DC insulating properties of newly developed XLPE cable (2002)

We have conducted a study into the application of high density polyethylene (HDPE) to DC cable insulation. HDPE has excellent electrical properties under DC voltage. However, it appeared that HDPE is very difficult to use for DC cable insulation because of a production problem where HDPE easily generates voids, in which case the insulation wall thickness increases. We studied past experimental knowledge again, and investigated the development of new DC power cable insulation.
Safety Evaluation of TravTek (1991)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The Statement of National Transportation Policy issued by President Bush and Secretary Skinner last year points out that “innovation and technological advances within the transportation field will be vital to ensure that the system can meet the Nation's transportation requirements for the 21st century.” TravTek, a major Intelligent Vehicle/Highway System (IVHS) advanced motorist information demonstration program in the United States, provides an example of just such innovation. The TravTek program focuses on the navigation and route-guidance needs of out-of-town visitors and utilizes a fleet of specially equipped rental cars as the test bed for the advanced technologies to be evaluated. One of the goals of the TravTek program is to evaluate the potential for, and identify needed enhancements for, increased safety of advanced route-guidance projects.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper discusses the tools that will be used and the methodologies that will be developed to provide the safety component of the evaluation of TravTek. The evaluation will include the development and application of methodologies for addressing driver/vehicle interaction considerations, collision experience, and the relationship between congestion and collisions.&lt;/div&gt;
Magnetically Agitated Photocatalytic Reactor for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Aqueous Phase Organic Pollutants (2005)

A magnetically agitated photocatalytic reactor (MAPR) has been developed and assessed for oxidation of phenol. The MAPR uses a titanium dioxide composite photocatalyst with a ferromagnetic barium ferrite core. The catalyst motion was controlled with a dual-component magnetic field. First, a permanent magnet above the reactor provided a static magnetic field to counteract the force of gravity, hence increasing catalyst exposure to UV. Second, an alternating magnetic field generated by a solenoid was used to agitate the catalyst, thus increasing mass transfer between pollutants and byproducts to the catalyst. Optimal performance of the MAPR was achieved with the permanent magnet present and 1 A of alternating current to the solenoid between 20 and 80 Hz. Operating with a 60-Hz signal at 1 A with the permanent magnet present and 100 mg of catalyst, the system reduced an 11 mg/L phenol concentration by97% and decreased nonpurgeable dissolved organic carbon by 93% in 7 h using three 8-W 365-nm peak UV lamps.
Measures of Crowding in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review (2011)

Time intervals and patient counts are emerging as the most promising tools for measuring flow and nonflow (i.e., crowding), respectively. Standardized definitions of time intervals (flow) and numerical counts (nonflow) will assist with validation of these metrics across multiple sites and clarify which options emerge as the metrics of choice in this "crowded" field of measures.
Interferon-α as Antiviral and Antitumor Vaccine Adjuvants: Mechanisms of Action and Response Signature (2012)

Interferon-α (IFN-α) are cytokines endowed with multiple biologic effects, including activities on cells of the immune system, which are important for inducing protective antiviral and antitumor responses. Studies in mouse models have been instrumental for understanding the immune adjuvant activity of these cytokines and some of their mechanisms of action. In particular, recent studies conducted on both mouse and human models suggest that IFN-α act as effective immune adjuvants for inducing antiviral and antitumor immunity and that the effects of IFN on the differentiation and activation of dendritic cells (DC) play an important role in the induction of protective responses. In spite of the long record of IFN-α clinical use, a few clinical trials have attempted to evaluate the efficacy of these cytokines used as vaccine adjuvants. Recently, studies on the IFN-α signature in cells from patients treated with IFN-α under different modalities and various clinical settings have provided important insights for understanding the in vivo mechanisms of the IFN immune adjuvant activity in humans and may contribute to the identification of molecular markers with a clinical response. These studies further support the interest of evaluating the clinical efficacy of IFN-α when used as a vaccine adjuvant and also suggest that the DC generated in vitro from monocytes in the presence of this cytokine can exhibit a special advantage for the development of effective therapeutic vaccination strategies in cancer patients.
How do developers blog? (2011)

We report on an exploratory study, which aims at understanding how software developers use social media compared to conventional development infrastructures. We analyzed the blogging and the committing behavior of 1,100 developers in four large open source communities. We observed that these communities intensively use blogs with one new entry about every 8 hours. A blog entry includes 14 times more words than a commit message. When analyzing the content of the blogs, we found that most popular topics represent high-level concepts such as functional requirements and domain concepts. Source code related topics are covered in less than 15% of the posts. Our results also show that developers are more likely to blog after corrective engineering and management activities than after forward engineering and re-engineering activities. Our findings call for a hypothesis-driven research to further understand the role of social media in software engineering and integrate it into development processes and tools.
Increased expression of chemokines DC-CK1, ELC and TARC by dendritic cells and in synovium from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2004)

Background La/SSB is a phosphoprotein that associates with various small RNA molecules. It has been found that the primary phosphorylation site of the molecule during various physiological processes is in Ser366. Objectives To determine whether the phosphorylation state of Ser366 could affect the antigenicity and the recognition of the protein by antibodies from patients with primary Sjgren's syndrome (pSS). Methods Peptides 349-368aa and phos349-368aa (with the Ser366 residue phosphorylated) were synthesized. Sera with anti-La specificity from 30 patients with pSS and sera from 19 normal individuals were examined against the two synthetic peptides in ELISA. The antibody specificity against the epitopes was tested with homologous and heterologous inhibition assays. Results Of pSS sera 23% reacted against the 349-368aa peptide. Sera binding to unphosphorylated peptide reacted also with phos349-368aa. Although the same sera gave a positive reaction against both peptides, the optical density values received from antibodies to phos349-368aa were higher, indicating a higher concentration or stronger affinity. When phos349-368aa was used as soluble inhibitor, in homologous inhibition the reactivity was almost completely abolished (92%). In contrast, when the unphosphorylated peptide was used as inhibitor, the reactivity of sera against phos349-368aa was only partially reduced (35%), indicating that sera from these patients possess two distinct groups of antibodies: one against the unphosphorylated and one against the phosphorylated epitope. Conclusion The phosphorylation of the serine366 residue resulted in a significant increase in antibody binding on epitope 349-368aa of La/SSB. These observations might explain the increased antigenicity of La/SSB autoantigen in various pathological situations in which phosphorylation may occur.
Microarray Studies Reveal Macrophage-like Function of Stromal Keratocytes in the Cornea (2004)

purpose. To elucidate biological processes underlying the keratocyte, fibroblast, and myofibroblast phenotypes of corneal stromal cells, the gene expression patterns of these primary cultures from mouse cornea were compared with those of the adult and 10-day postnatal mouse cornea. methods. Murine Genome_U74Av2 arrays (Affymetrix Inc., Santa Clara, CA) were used to elucidate gene expression patterns of adult and postnatal day-10 corneal stroma, keratocytes, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts. results. Mobilization of stromal cells by culturing led to a wound-healing cascade in which specific extracellular matrix and cornea-transparency–related genes were turned off, and a repertoire of macrophage genes were switched on. Thus, novel transparency-related crystallins detected in the corneal gene expression patterns were downregulated in culture, whereas macrophage genes, mannose receptor type-1, Cd68, serum amyloid-A3, chemokine ligands (Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl9), lipocalin-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -12 of innate immunity were induced in primary keratocyte cultures. Fibroblasts expressed the growth-related genes lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus-A and preprokephalin-1, and myofibroblasts expressed annexin-A8, WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1, arginosuccinate synthetase-1, and procollagen XI of late-stage wound healing. conclusions. The emergent biological process suggests a dual role for resident stromal keratocytes in the avascular cornea: one of cornea maintenance, which involves synthesis of proteins related to the extracellular matrix and corneal transparency, and a second of barrier protection macrophage functions, which are switched on during corneal infection and injury.
Low resistance, unannealed ohmic contacts to n -type InAs 0.66 Sb 0.34 (2007)

Unannealed Ti/Pt/Au contacts to n-type InAs0.66Sb0.34 were fabricated and measured. Extremely low specific contact resistances down to 2.4×10−8 Ω cm2 were measured, commensurate with In0.53Ga0.47As, InAs, and In0.27Ga0.73Sb contact schemes with higher doping, which is due to the very high electron mobility in InAs0.66Sb0.34 and hypothesised pinning of the surface Fermi level within the conduction band.
A flexible, clockless digital filter (2013)

This paper presents a clockless digital filter able to process inputs of different rates and formats, synchronous or asynchronous, with no adjustment needed to handle each input type. The 16-tap, 8-bit FIR filter, integrated in a 130 nm CMOS process, includes on-chip automatic delay tuning. The chip was used as part of a ADC/DSP/DAC chain which, unlike the case with conventional, clocked systems, maintains its frequency response intact when the sample rate changes. For certain inputs, the system has signal-to-error ratio which exceeds that of clocked systems.
Theory of long wavelength acoustic radiation pressure (1991)

A general formulation of the radiation force exerted on an object by a long wavelength sound field is developed in terms of an asymptotic multipole expansion. In various limits, the results of King [Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 147, 212 (1934)], Gorkov [Sov. Phys. Dokl. 6, 773 (1962)], and Yosioka and Kawasima [Acustica 5, 167 (1955)] are recovered. In addition, the existence of a spectrum of monopole and dipole radiation force resonances is demonstrated which occur when the bulk modulus of the object is small compared to that of the surrounding medium. Near standing wave resonances, the bulk viscosity is shown to play an essential role in determining the force. For traveling waves, the bulk viscosity can lead to the dominant contribution to the radiation pressure even in the limit of zero frequency. For soap bubbles, the leading-order contribution to the radiation pressure is shown to be quadrupolar.
Noise properties of textile, capacitive EEG electrodes (2015)

Abstract The rigid surface of the conventional PCB-based capacitive electrode produces an undefined distance between the skin and the electrode surface. Therefore, the capacitance introduced by them is uncertain and can vary from electrode to electrode due to their different positions on the scalp. However, textile electrodes which use conductive fabric as electrode surfaces, are bendable over the scalp. Therefore, it provides a certain value of the capacitance which is predictable and calculable accurately if the effective distance to the scalp surface can be determined. In this paper noise characteristics of textile electrodes with different fabric sizes as electrode’s surface and capacity calculations related to each size are presented to determine the effective distances for each electrode size.
CMOS op-amp sizing using a geometric programming formulation (2001)

The problem of CMOS op-amp circuit sizing is addressed here. Given a circuit and its performance specifications, the goal is to automatically determine the device sizes in order to meet the given performance specifications while minimizing a cost function, such as a weighted sum of the active area and power dissipation. The approach is based on the observation that the first order behavior of a MOS transistor in the saturation region is such that the cost and the constraint functions for this optimization problem can be modeled as posynomial in the design variables. The problem is then solved efficiently as a convex optimization problem. Second order effects are then handled by formulating the problem as one of solving a sequence of convex programs. Numerical experiments show that the solutions to the sequence of convex programs converge to the same design point for widely varying initial guesses. This strongly suggests that the approach is capable of determining the globally optimal solution to the problem. Accuracy of performance prediction in the sizing program (implemented in MATLAB) is maintained by using a newly proposed MOS transistor model and verified against detailed SPICE simulation.