gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Poplar MYB Master Switches Bind to the SMRE Site and Activate the Secondary Wall Biosynthetic Program during Wood Formation (2013)

Wood is mainly composed of secondary walls, which constitute the most abundant stored carbon produced by vascular plants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling secondary wall deposition during wood formation is not only an important issue in plant biology but also critical for providing molecular tools to custom-design wood composition suited for diverse end uses. Past molecular and genetic studies have revealed a transcriptional network encompassing a group of wood-associated NAC and MYB transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of the secondary wall biosynthetic program during wood formation in poplar trees. Here, we report the functional characterization of poplar orthologs of MYB46 and MYB83 that are known to be master switches of secondary wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. In addition to the two previously-described PtrMYB3 and PtrMYB20, two other MYBs, PtrMYB2 and PtrMYB21, were shown to be MYB46/MYB83 orthologs by complementation and overexpression studies in Arabidopsis. The functional roles of these PtrMYBs in regulating secondary wall biosynthesis were further demonstrated in transgenic poplar plants showing an ectopic deposition of secondary walls in PtrMYB overexpressors and a reduction of secondary wall thickening in their dominant repressors. Furthermore, PtrMYB2/3/20/21 together with two other tree MYBs, the Eucalyptus EgMYB2 and the pine PtMYB4, were shown to differentially bind to and activate the eight variants of the 7-bp SMRE consensus sequence, composed of ACC(A/T)A(A/C)(T/C). Together, our results indicate that the tree MYBs, PtrMYB2/3/20/21, EgMYB2 and PtMYB4, are master transcriptional switches that activate the SMRE sites in the promoters of target genes and thereby regulate secondary wall biosynthesis during wood formation.
Supercritical Debinding of Injection Molded Ceramics (1995)

Extraction of organic additives from extrusion‐molded cylinders of alumina by a supercritical fluid is investigated. Hildebrand parameters alone are not adequate to predict conditions for optimal polymer extraction with supercritical CO 2 . The results obtained with two models developed for the kinetics of binder extraction suggest that polymer extraction from green samples is controlled by diffusion without development of a reaction front. The solubility and diffusivity of polymers both affect the extraction rate, with opposite pressure and temperature dependencies.
Principles of Instructed Second Language Acquisition (2008)

Center for Applied linguistiCs • 4646 40tH st nW • WAsHington dC 20016-1859 • 202-362-0700 • WWW.CAl.org Second language acquisition (SLA) researchers do not agree how instruction can best facilitate language learning. Given this lack of consensus, it might be thought unwise to attempt to formulate a set of general principles for instructed language acquisition. However, if SLA is to offer teachers guidance, there is a need to proffer advice, providing that it is offered in the spirit of what Stenhouse (1975) called “provisional specifications.” The principles described in this digest, therefore, are intended to provide teachers with a basis for argument and for reflection and not as a set of prescriptions or proscriptions about how to teach. They are designed to be general in nature and therefore relevant to teachers in a variety of settings, including foreign and second language situations and content-based classrooms.
ChemInform Abstract: Khatmiamycin, a Motility Inhibitor and Zoosporicide Against the Grapevine Downy Mildew Pathogen Plasmopara viticola from Streptomyces sp. ANK313. (2012)

Abstract The new metabolite khatmiamycin (I) is isolated from the culture broth of a terrestrial Streptomyces sp.
Low mode implosion symmetry sensitivity in low gas-fill NIF cylindrical hohlraums (2021)

Achieving an efficient capsule implosion in National Ignition Facility indirect-drive target experiments requires symmetric hohlraum x-ray drive for the duration of the laser pulse. This is commonly achieved using two-sided two-cone laser irradiation of cylindrical hohlraums that, in principle, can zero the time average of all spherical harmonic asymmetry modes &amp;lt;6 as well as the time dependence of the usually dominant mode 2. In practice, experimental evidence indicates that maintaining symmetric drive becomes limited late in the pulse due to the inward expansion of the hohlraum wall and outward expansion of the capsule ablator plasmas impairing the propagation of the inner-cone laser beams. This effect is enhanced in hohlraums employing low gas-fill, now used almost exclusively as these provide the highest performing implosions and reduce Stimulated Brillouin and Raman backscatter losses, since the gas plasma provides less back pressure to limit blow-in of the hohlraum wall and capsule ablator plasmas. In order to understand this dynamic behavior, we combined multi-keV X-ray imaging of the wall and imploded fuel plasmas as we changed a single parameter at a time: hohlraum gas-fill, laser outer cone picket energy, radius of high density carbon capsules used, and laser beam polar and azimuthal pointing geometry. We developed a physics-based multi-parameter experimental scaling to explain the results that extend prior scalings and compare those to radiation hydrodynamic simulations to develop a more complete picture of how hohlraum, capsule, and laser parameters affect pole vs equator drive symmetry.
DLRAD - A first look on the new vision and mapping benchmark dataset (2018)

DLRAD - a new vision and mapping benchmark dataset for autonomous driving is now ready for the development and validation of intelligent driving algorithms. Stationary, mobile, and airborne sensors monitored simultaneously the environment around a reference vehicle, which was driving on urban, suburb and rural roads in and around the city of Braunschweig/Germany. Airborne images were acquired with the DLR 4k sensor system mounted on a helicopter. The DLR reference car FASCarE is equipped with the latest car sensor technology like front/rear radar, ultrasound and laser sensors, optical single and stereo cameras, and GNSS/IMU. Additionally, stationary terrestrial sensors like induction loops, optical mono and stereo cameras, radar and laser scanners monitor defined sections of the path from the ground. The stationary sensors are installed on gantries at main crossings and on pylons.
The benchmark path with total length of 156km is divided in an urban road scenario (34km), a rural road scenario (50km), an industrial area scenario (26km), and a motorway scenario (46 km). Simultaneously, the helicopter with the 4k sensor systems follows the reference car by keeping it all the time in the central nadir view. Two 20MPix full frame nadir looking cameras with focal lengths of 50mm and 25mm cover the area around the reference car staggered according to the distance from the reference car with different GSDs of 7cm resp. 14cm. With a focal length of 50mm an area of 320m x 240m is covered assuming a flight height of 500m above ground. With frame rates around 1 Hz, it will be possible to create a 3D reference map and database with the positions of all moving and non-moving objects around the reference car including pedestrians, cyclists and all kinds of vehicles. This database will be augmented with the data from the stationary sensors to have a more detailed view at defined sections. A next crucial step in the construction of the DLRAD benchmark dataset is the annotation of all objects in the reference dataset. 
The reference vehicle FASCarE is a Volkswagen eGolf. It is equipped with different range detectors as follows: each four rear and front ultrasound sensors for the close range detection < 5m, three front and one rear IBEO laser scanner with range 200m, each two front and rear SMS radar, and one front Bosch radar. Additionally, an optical Bosch camera is installed at the front window and a stereo camera system is installed at the car roof for 3D and object detection purposes.
The DLRAD benchmark dataset enables a huge variety of validation capabilities and opens a wide field of possibilities for the development, training and validation of machine learning algorithms in the context of autonomous driving. In this paper, we will present details of the sensor configurations and the acquisition campaign, which had taken place between the 18th July and 20th July 2017 in Braunschweig/Germany. Also, we show a first analysis of the data including the completeness and geometrical quality.
AMPA receptors as a molecular target in epilepsy therapy (2013)

Epileptic seizures occur as a result of episodic abnormal synchronous discharges in cerebral neuronal networks. Although a variety of non-conventional mechanisms may play a role in epileptic synchronization, cascading excitation within networks of synaptically connected excitatory glutamatergic neurons is a classical mechanism. As is the case throughout the central nervous system, fast synaptic excitation within and between brain regions relevant to epilepsy is mediated predominantly by AMPA receptors. By inhibiting glutamate-mediated excitation, AMPA receptor antagonists markedly reduce or abolish epileptiform activity in in vitro preparations and confer seizure protection in a broad range of animal seizure models. NMDA receptors may also contribute to epileptiform activity, but NMDA receptor blockade is not sufficient to eliminate epileptiform discharges. AMPA receptors move into and out of the synapse in a dynamic fashion in forms of synaptic plasticity, underlying learning and memory. Often, the trigger for these dynamic movements is the activation of NMDA receptors. While NMDA receptor antagonists inhibit these forms of synaptic plasticity, AMPA receptor antagonists do not impair synaptic plasticity and do not inhibit memory formation or retrieval. The demonstrated clinical efficacy of perampanel, a high-potency, orally active non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist, supports the concept that AMPA receptors are critical to epileptic synchronization and the generation and spread of epileptic discharges in human epilepsy.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and General Synthesis of Novel β‐Polyfluoroalkoxy Vinamidinium Salts. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A low-complexity peak-to-average power ratio reduction technique for OFDM systems (2004)

One major drawback of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The selective mapping (SLM) approach provides good performance for PAPR reduction, but it may suffer from the high computational complexity of the bank of inverse fast Fourier transforms (IFFTs). We propose two low-complexity conversions to replace half of the IFFTs in the SLM method. Computer simulation results and complexity analyses show that, with the two proposed conversions, we can reduce about half of the computational complexity of the SLM approach and get better performance for PAPR reduction.
Diterpenes from Stachys recta (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiterpenes from Stachys rectaM. Adinolfi, G. Barone, R. Lanzetta, G. Laonigro, L. Mangoni, and M. ParrilliCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1984, 47, 3, 541–543Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50033a027https://doi.org/10.1021/np50033a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Colloidal catalysts based on iron(III) oxides. 1. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (2012)

The catalytic activity of a colloidal catalyst based on iron(III) oxides in decomposition of H2O2 is studied. The catalyst is obtained by hydrolysis followed by peptization of FeCl3 · 6H2O salt in water in the presence of 1% ethanol. The structure, composition, and size of colloidal particles of the catalyst are studied by the methods of Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained catalyst is based on α-Fe2O3 crystals with an admixture of other crystalline structures of iron oxides and carbon-containing compounds. The activity of the catalyst with respect to H2O2 decomposition undergoes nonlinear and nonmonotonic variations and its particle size enlarges beginning from 1 to 3 nm with increasing initial concentration of FeCl3 · 6H2O. The catalyst obtained under optimal conditions exhibits high activity corresponding to the most efficient agents of H2O2 decomposition.
Equilibrium critical thickness for Si1−xGex strained layers on (100) Si (1990)

The critical thickness for Si1−xGex strained layers for the alloy range 0&amp;lt;x&amp;lt;0.15 has been determined from annealed epilayers using mapping techniques which allow single dislocation detection and composition thickness measurements over large areas (∼50 cm2 ). A series of Si1−xGex layers was deposited by molecular beam epitaxy in which the composition (x) and thickness (h) were continuously varied across the substrate to produce a slowly changing strain energy density through the stable/metastable transition. On annealing at either 750 or 900 °C for 30 min, an abrupt transition in relaxation behavior was found at critical values of thickness and composition (hc,xc ). Increasing the anneal temperature or time did not shift the transition giving identical (hc,xc ) values. At strain thicknesses above these critical values a large increase in defect density was observed (&amp;gt;∼104 , cm−2) whereas in thinner strained epilayers, below the thermodynamic stability curve, no misfit dislocations were found. Nomarski microscopy of defect etched surfaces and x-ray topography were used to reveal misfit dislocations formed during the initial stages of relaxation. The appearance of single misfit dislocations at a density ≊1 cm−2 was taken as the criterion for a ‘‘relaxed’’ layer. The critical strain and thickness in the vicinity of these transition points were determined on the as-grown wafer by x-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry with confirmation of layer thicknesses by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The Matthews–Blakeslee [J. Cryst. Growth 27, 118 (1974)] equilibrium critical thickness he (nm), vs Ge atom fraction curve given by xe =0.55/he ln(4he /b) for 1/2 a0〈110〉, 60° glide dislocations with a Burgers vector b ∼0.4 nm, is an excellent fit to these experimental data, i.e., xc =xe and hc =he .
Cochlear implant for bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss in an adolescent with sickle cell anemia (2014)

We present the first-published cochlear implant in an adolescent with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). A 15-year-old Saudi girl, previously diagnosed with SCA, developed gradual bilateral permanent profound SNHL over 18 months and underwent a successful cochlear implantation. SNHL associated with sickle cell crises is a well-known phenomenon. Regular hearing assessments are recommended for sickle cell patients, and early referrals for cochlear implantations are advocated for those with permanent profound SNHL.
Sixteen years of cardiac transplantation: the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center experience 1977 to 1993. (1993)

Cardiac transplantation is currently recognized as the best therapy available for the treatment of endstage heart disease. Since 1977, more than 650 cardiac transplants have been performed at CPMC, with a one-year survival rate currently approaching 85% and a 5-year survival rate approaching 65%. Throughout the 16-year experience with cardiac transplantation at CPMC, the criteria of eligibility for both donor and recipient candidates have been expanded to include older patients. In addition, pediatric patients requiring complex arterial or venous reconstruction and patients with elevated, but reversible pulmonary vascular resistance have been transplanted with excellent results. With the evolution of prolonged posttransplant survival has come a new group of complications associated with chronic long-term immunosuppressive therapy. These, and issues relating to cardiac retransplantation, continue to increase, largely because of the critical lack of organ donors. Continued efforts are being developed to optimize and reduce the total amount of immunosuppression administered postoperatively. Currently, research interests at CPMC include therapy for transplant coronary artery disease, left ventricular assist devices, and xenotransplantation. Ongoing investigations in these and other areas of transplantation have been established to encourage continued growth both within the field and at CPMC through the 21st century.
5G via evolved packet core slices: Costs and technology of early deployments (2017)

5G imposes versatile requirements on radio and mobile core network. Such requirements can be supported by parallel so-called slices, each implementing a service-tailored network architecture. This paper shows how such architectures can be implemented with the evolved packet core (EPC). We furthermore provide a cost analysis of an EPC based, sliced network deployment in Japan for 5G services. It shows that the main cost driver are low latency services, as these require a highly distributed infrastructure. For the expected massive number of IoT devices, a centralized infrastructure keeps costs surprisingly cheap in contrast. Overall, the paper shows that EPC is well suited for the 5G challenges, which is relevant especially for the first 5G deployments in 2020.
AERODYNAMIC NOISE REDUCTION USING A FINE GRID STRUCTURE (2023)

In this paper, we study the possibility of reduction of noise produced by turbulent flows using a fine grid structure. Although the concept has been widely used in turbulent flow studies for the purpose of creating homogeneous isotropic turbulent medium, it has never been systematically checked for aerodynamic noise reduction purposes. In this paper we shall confine ourselves to noise reduction of an unheated single-stream high Mach number jet. We shall make use of a RANS k - turbulence model along with Lighthill's Acoustic Analogy in order to comprehensively examine this concept.
Undermining in Cutaneous Surgery (2001)

BACKGROUND Benefits, risks, and technical aspects of undermining in cutaneous surgery are presented and reviewed in order to facilitate the execution of this fundamental task of cutaneous surgery. METHODS The authors' extensive experience with thousands of cutaneous reconstructions and literature consultation form the basis of this review. RESULTS Literature review and practical experience indicate that undermining reduces wound closing tension. Pertinent anatomic considerations, benefits, risks, as well as sharp and blunt undermining techniques and regional undermining recommendations are discussed. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that judicious undermining, properly performed by surgeons knowledgeable of cutaneous anatomy facilitates the execution and enhances cosmesis in cutaneous reconstruction. It is the authors' opinion that sharp undermining technique is the optimal method for most cutaneous reconstructions.
iDiary (2015)

This article describes iDiary, a system that takes as input GPS data streams generated by users’ phones and turns them into textual descriptions of the trajectories. The system features a user interface similar to Google Search that allows users to type text queries on their activities (e.g., “Where did I buy books?”) and receive textual answers based on their GPS signals. iDiary uses novel algorithms for semantic compression and trajectory clustering of massive GPS signals in parallel to compute the critical locations of a user. We encode these problems as follows. The k-segment mean is a k -piecewise linear function that minimizes the regression distance to the signal. The ( k,m )- segment mean has an additional constraint that the projection of the k segments on R d consists of only m ≤ k segments. A coreset for this problem is a smart compression of the input signal that allows computation of a (1+ε)-approximation to its k -segment or ( k,m )-segment mean in O ( n log n ) time for arbitrary constants ε, k , and m . We use coresets to obtain a parallel algorithm that scans the signal in one pass, using space and update time per point that is polynomial in log n . Using an external database, we then map these locations to textual descriptions and activities so that we can apply text mining techniques on the resulting data (e.g., LSA or transportation mode recognition). We provide experimental results for both the system and algorithms and compare them to existing commercial and academic state of the art. This is the first GPS system that enables text-searchable activities from GPS data.
Half-V/SUB DD/ bit-line sensing scheme in CMOS DRAMs (1984)

A sensing scheme in which the bit line is precharged to half V/SUB DD/ is introduced for CMOS DRAMs. The proposed circuitry uses a PMOS memory array and incorporates the following features: (1) a complementary sense amplifier consisting of NMOS and PMOS cross-coupled pairs; (2) clocked pulldown of the latching node; (3) complementary clocking of the PMOS pullup; (4) full-sized dummy cell generation of reference potential for sensing; (5) shorting transistor to equalize precharge potential of bit lines; and (6) depletion NMOS decoupling transistors for multiplexing bit lines. The study shows that the half-V/SUB DD/ bit-line sensing scheme has several unique advantages, especially for high-performance high-density CMOS DRAMs, which compared to the full-V/SUB DD/ bit-line sensing scheme used for NMOS memory arrays or the grounded bit-line sensing scheme for PMOS arrays in CMOS DRAMs.