gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ozone Variations over Central Tien-Shan in Central Asia and Implications for Regional Emissions Reduction Strategies (2013)

The variability of total column ozone (TCO) and tropospheric column ozone (TrCO) was examined in Central Asia. Measurements were conducted at the Lidar Station Teplokluchenka in eastern Kyrgyzstan for one year, July 2008–July 2009. TCO was obtained using a handheld Microtops II Ozonometer (TCO-MII) and from the Aura OMI (TCO-OMI) satellite. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde concentrations also were obtained from the OMI satellite. Formaldehyde was used as a surrogate for volatile organic compounds. TrCO was estimated by the difference between TCO-OMI and stratospheric column ozone retrieved from the MLS satellite. Comparison of the ground-based TCO-MII with TCO-OMI showed good agreement (r2 = 0.93), and linear regression between these was used to estimate missing values in the TCO-MII dataset. The contribution of TrCO to TCO varied from 15% in summertime to 5% in winter. High values of TrCO were observed during summer (July: 45 DU) and low values during winter (December: 15 DU), as is typically observed. The average values of TrCO for summer, autumn, winter, and spring were equal to 42, 27, 20, and 30 DU, respectively. Seasonal variability of TrCO corresponded to solar intensity, indicating that TrCO is likely to form through photochemical means rather than stratospheric intrusion. The spatial distribution of NO2 and VOC were examined to better understand the regional sources of these ozone precursors. Transport from highly populated areas of the Ferghana Valley and Tashkent in Uzbekistan contributed to the TrCO concentrations observed in this work. The HCHO/NO2 ratio, an indicator of the ozone production rate, suggested that reducing NO2 would be more effective in reducing TrCO during most of the year, except summer, when reductions of both would likely be needed.
Factors Influencing Patients' Hospital Rating After Total Joint Arthroplasty (2017)

Patient satisfaction assessments, such as the Press Ganey surveys, have been adopted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to help determine reimbursements. It is uncertain what facets most affect survey scores among patients who have received total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This study explored which factors guide scores for TJA patients. Specifically, the authors assessed (1) which Press Ganey survey features affected the patients' overall hospital rating and (2) whether survey scores were disparate between patients who did and patient who did not have complications. The authors' institutional Press Ganey database was queried for lower-extremity TJAs that occurred between November 2009 and January 2015. This yielded 1454 patients with a mean age of 63 years (range, 15-92 years; 60% women and 40% men). The database contains information related to American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, Press Ganey question responses, and demographics. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association (beta weight) between Press Ganey domains and overall hospital rating. The weighted mean for each domain was calculated. The authors' analysis revealed that overall hospital rating was significantly influenced by communication with nurses (beta weight=0.434, P<.001), responsiveness of hospital staff (beta weight=0.181, P=.001), communication with doctors (beta weight=0.115, P=.014), and hospital environment (beta weight=0.100, P=.039). No significant differences were found when comparing the Press Ganey scores of patients with and without complications. By recognizing these elements, physicians can direct measures appropriately, which may help avoid financial penalties and possibly increase patient satisfaction after TJA. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(6):377-380.].
Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and risk stratification of pulmonary hypertension in severe tricuspid regurgitation and implications for transcatheter tricuspid valve repair (2020)

The discordant echocardiographic and invasive diagnosis of PHT in severe TR predicts outcomes after TTVR.
Sometimes hard to swallow: Attempted feeding on a porcupinefish results in death of both predator and prey (2019)

Predator-prey relationships are critical components of population dynamics across all ecosystems. Interactions between predators and dangerous prey are especially likely to result in a co-evolutionary arms race. To avoid predation, porcupinefishes (Diodontidae) present a suite of physical and chemical defences, including spines, inflation, and the potent neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin, which is concentrated in the internal organs. A failed predation attempt is described here on a longspined porcupinefish, Diodon holocanthus, by a benthopelagic predator, Carangoides fulvoguttatus, resulting in the death of both the predator and the prey.
pH-Responsive Biomimetic Polymeric Micelles as Lymph Node-Targeting Vaccines for Enhanced Antitumor Immune Responses (2020)

Lymph nodes are proposed as the intriguing target in cancer immunotherapy, and cellular immunity is vital for vaccines to fight against cancer. However, inefficient delivery of vaccines to lymph nodes and deficient lysosomal escape of antigens result in weak cellular immunity, which restrains the strength of vaccines in inducing antitumor immune responses. Hence, dendritic cell membrane (DCM)/histidine-modified stearic acid-grafted chitosan (HCtSA)/ovalbumin (OVA) micelles, as pH-responsive biomimetic vaccines, were fabricated to target lymph nodes and induce cellular immunity for enhanced antitumor immune responses. DCM/HCtSA/OVA micelles exhibited pH-dependent antigen release behavior, which resulted in efficient escape of antigens from dendritic cell (DC) lysosomes. Besides, DCM/HCtSA/OVA micelles accumulated and reserved in the lymph nodes, which ensured effective uptake by DCs. Importantly, DCM/HCtSA/OVA micelles induced potent T cell immune responses, promoted secretion of antitumor-related cytokines, and notably inhibited tumor growth. Overall, DCM/HCtSA/OVA micelles exhibit great potential in targeted immunotherapy and can provide guidance for the design of vaccines.
Interaction of water, oxygen, and hydrogen with TiO2(110) surfaces having different defect densities (1992)

We have studied the stoichiometric (annealed in oxygen), the slightly oxygen-deficient (annealed in vacuum), and the highly defective (sputtered with Ar+) TiO2(110) surfaces and their reactivities to molecular oxygen, molecular water, and 50-eV hydrogen ions using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS). The use of isotopically labeled 18O enables us to distinguish adsorbed oxygen from lattice oxygen, and the concentration of surface oxygen vacancies is titrated by 18O2 adsorption. LEIS (1-keV He+) is used to analyze the chemical composition of the outermost surface layer before and after 18O2 and H218O exposure. Water adsorbs on both stoichiometric and slightly O-deficient surfaces [with oxygen vacancies ∼0 and 0.08 monolayer (ML), respectively] at room temperature. There is little or no dependence of saturation water coverage (lower limit of ∼0.07 ML for both surfaces) on the concentration of surface oxygen vacancies. On the highly defective surfaces, the saturation water coverage increases to a lower limit of 0.15 ML and the saturation 18O coverage increases to 0.4 ML. The interaction of hydrogen with the stoichiometric surface creates defect states that can be observed by XPS and by subsequent adsorption of 18O.
Initial Growth Characteristics of Gold Thin Films by a Nozzle Beam and Ion-Assisted Deposition (2003)

The electrical conductance characteristics due to tunneling of Au films on glass substrates as a function of deposition rate and Ar+ ion current density have been investigated by in situ measurement. The onset thickness for conductance was 8.5–29 Å lower than that obtained by other researchers due to the use of a nozzle beam in this study. The degree of agglomeration, t, attained its maximum value at a deposition rate R=1.0 Å/s. The degree of coalescence increased with increasing deposition rate. The onset thickness for conductance decreased to a nearly linear line with increasing ion beam irradiation.
A Characteristic Evaluation of an Undershirt for Measurement of Bioelectricity Using Conductive Ink Wires (2013)

Measurements of biological signals, such as those emanating from electrocardiography (ECG) and electromyography, are required in such fields as medical science, sports science, and robotics. There have been many studies that biological signals are measured using conductive cloth or textiles. Although the conductive materials were contact with the body, there have been few studies that considered the deterioration caused by deformation and moisture. We describe here an “undershirt" that we developed for measuring ECG signals. Its electrodes and wires are composed of conductive ink. We expected that even if the subject moved and perspired, measurement performance would not decrease. In our first experiment, we investigated characteristics of electrical resistance when the samples were deformed or became wet. The results indicated that the conductive ink wire was not broken by a 30% stretch or by bending it at a 1-mm curvature radius. The wire also maintained sufficient insulation resistance in the presence of 0.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. In the second experiment, ECG signals were measured via the undershirt with the ink wiring. The results showed that deformation of the ink wire on the undershirt is difficult to affect the ECG data.
List-mode likelihood: EM algorithm and image quality estimation demonstrated on 2-D PET (1998)

Using a theory of list-mode maximum-likelihood (ML) source reconstruction presented recently by Barrett et al., this paper formulates a corresponding expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, as well as a method for estimating noise properties at the ML estimate. List-mode ML is of interest in cases where the dimensionality of the measurement space impedes a binning of the measurement data. It can be advantageous in cases where a better forward model can be obtained by including more measurement coordinates provided by a given detector. Different figures of merit for the detector performance can be computed from the Fisher information matrix (FIM). This paper uses the observed FIM, which requires a single data set, thus, avoiding costly ensemble statistics. The proposed techniques are demonstrated for an idealized two-dimensional (2-D) positron emission tomography (PET) [2-D PET] detector. We compute from simulation data the improved image quality obtained by including the time of flight of the coincident quanta.
Coherent Fourier Optics Model for the Synthesis of Large Format Lens-Based Focal Plane Arrays (2020)

Future sub millimeter imagers are being developed with large focal plane arrays (FPAs) of lenses to increase the field of view (FoV) and the imaging speed. A full-wave electromagnetic analysis of such arrays is numerically cumbersome and time-consuming. This article presents a spectral technique based on Fourier optics combined with geometrical optics for analyzing, in reception, lens-based FPAs with wide FoVs. The technique provides a numerically efficient methodology to derive the plane wave spectrum (PWS) of a secondary quasi-optical component. This PWS is used to calculate the power received by an antenna or absorber placed at the focal region of a lens. The method is applied to maximize the scanning performance of imagers with monolithically integrated lens feeds without employing an optimization algorithm. The derived PWS can be directly used to define the lens and feed properties. The synthesized FPA achieved scan losses much lower than the ones predicted by standard formulas for horn-based FPAs. In particular, an FPA with scan loss below 1 dB while scanning up to ±17.5° (~±44 beam-widths) is presented with directivity of 52 dBi complying with the needs for future sub millimeter imagers. The technique is validated via a physical optics code with excellent agreement.
Figure S5 from Development and Validation of a Six-Gene Recurrence Risk Score Assay for Gastric Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Selection of candidate genes for quantitative reverse transcription (qRT) PCR experiments. GO, Gene Ontology database.&lt;/p&gt;
Genetic Mutations By Next-Generation Sequencing in Childhood Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia (2018)

Abstract Introduction: Biphenotypic leukemia (BAL) or acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage (ALAL) is an uncommon manifestation of childhood acute leukemia. The aim of this study is to further assess clinicopathological characteristics and genetic mutation of de novo BAL or ALAL. Materials and Methods: Among 377 patients ≤ 18 years old who were diagnosed with de novo Acute leukemia from 2001 to 2017, 12 patients (3.2%) satisfied the definition of BAL by the European Group for the Immunological Classification of Leukaemias (EGIL) criteria or ALAL by World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. By the EGIL criteria, 11 patients were diagnosed as BAL: B-cell/myeloid (B/My) phenotype, 5; T-cell/myeloid (T/My) phenotype, 5. By the 2008 WHO criteria, 7 patients (1.9%) remained as ALAL: acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL), 2; MPAL, 5. The remaining 5 BAL patients were redirected as ALL (n=3) and AML (n=2). Except one case with ALL by WHO criteria, 11 cases were examined by next generation sequencing using 60 gene panels. Results: In 5 patients with MPAL by the WHO criteria, a total of 31 distinct mutations were identified in 26 different genes. One case had BCR-ABL gene rearrangement. PTPN11 and NDS1 were recurrent mutation in 2 patients. In 2 patients with AUL, a total of 8 distinct mutations were identified in 8 different genes. In 2 cass of AML, 19 distinct mutations were identified in 15 differnet genes. FLT3-ITD was recurrent mutation. In 2 case of ALL, 17 distinct mutations were identified in 14 differrent genes. The median age of the patients at diagnosis was 8.6 years (range, 0 months-17.8 years). Six patients initially received AML-directed induction therapy, whereas 6 patients received ALL-directed induction therapy. Overall, 7 of the 12 (58.3%) patients achieved a complete remission (CR) after their initial induction therapy. ALL-directed induction chemotherapy was associated with higher chances of achieving a CR as compared to AML-directed regimens (100.0% vs. 16.7%; P =0.015). Nine patients except three cases (1, progression of disease; 1, intracranial hemorrhage during chemotherapy; 1, in continuous CR over 7 years chemotherpay only) underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. With a median follow-up of 5 years, 5 year overall survival (OS) rate was 51.1±15.8% and event-free survival (EFS) rate was 51.9±15.7%. MPAL by WHO criteria seemed to have a better OS and EFS than AUL (both for 75.0 ± 21.7% vs. 0.0%; P=0.008). Conclusions: BAL or ALAL contains heterogeneous genetic mutation. ALL-directed induction chemotherapy was much better in achieving CR than AML-directed induction chemotherapy. And, patients with MPAL as defined by 2008 WHO definition have better clinical contcome compared with patients with AUL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Loss of CDK5RAP2 affects neural but not non-neural mESC differentiation into cardiomyocytes (2015)

Biallelic mutations in the gene encoding centrosomal CDK5RAP2 lead to autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH), a disorder characterized by pronounced reduction in volume of otherwise architectonical normal brains and intellectual deficit. The current model for the microcephaly phenotype in MCPH invokes a premature shift from symmetric to asymmetric neural progenitor-cell divisions with a subsequent depletion of the progenitor pool. The isolated neural phenotype, despite the ubiquitous expression of CDK5RAP2, and reports of progressive microcephaly in individual MCPH cases prompted us to investigate neural and non-neural differentiation of Cdk5rap2-depleted and control murine embryonic stem cells (mESC). We demonstrate an accumulating proliferation defect of neurally differentiating Cdk5rap2-depleted mESC and cell death of proliferative and early postmitotic cells. A similar effect does not occur in non-neural differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes, which is in line with the lack of non-central nervous system features in MCPH patients. Our data suggest that MCPH is not only caused by premature differentiation of progenitors, but also by reduced propagation and survival of neural progenitors.
Biomechanical Design of the Total Ankle Prosthesis (1983)

The load bearing joints of the human body and particularly the ankle are often seriously damaged because of different pathological events. During the last 10 years a lot of total ankle prostheses have been studied and implanted, in consequence of the inadequate results obtained by arthrodesis (i.e. the fusion of the joint). The aim of this paper is to analyze mechanical features (functional, kinematic, and strength) of the ankle joint in order to provide optimized design criteria of an arthroprosthesis substituting the disabled joint.
Women’s Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation (2004)

T he WISE workshop was convened to review results from the Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study and other studies of ischemic heart disease to examine the nature and scope of gender differences in both chronic and acute cardiac ischemia, in terms of clinical manifestations, detection, and treatment. This section addresses research needs in the diagnosis and treatment of acute coronary syndromes in women and in the effective implementation of these findings into the community.
The Effects of Bud Maturity on Fertilization in Brassica campestris L. (1983)

Abstract Pollen tube growth and ovule fertilization was observed in 3- to 7-mm-long pistils in flowers of a rapid cycling population of Brassica campestris L. Pollen tubes grew past the ovules to the base of the ovaries in pistils 3- or 4-mm-long. The pollen tubes were guided toward the ovules in buds 5-mm-long or longer and in flowers of compatible or incompatible plants. Brightly florescent spots were observed at the micropyle of ovules in pistils 4-mm or longer, but not in smaller buds.
Goal-oriented Self-management of In-memory Distributed Data Grid Platforms (2011)

This paper addresses the self-management of in-memory distributed data grid platforms. A growing number of applications rely in these platforms to speed up access to large sets of data. However, they are complex to manage due to the diversity of configuration and load profiles. The proposed approach employs an adaptation policy expressed in terms of high-level goals to facilitate the task of the system manager, and address the complexity issues posed by the management of multiple configurations. The approach is validated experimentally using the open-source RedHat's Infinispan platform.
Temporal focusing with spatially modulated excitation (2009)

Temporal focusing of ultrashort pulses has been shown to enable wide-field depth-resolved two-photon fluorescence microscopy. In this process, an entire plane in the sample is selectively excited by introduction of geometrical dispersion to an ultrashort pulse. Many applications, such as multiphoton lithography, uncaging or region-of-interest imaging, require, however, illumination patterns which significantly differ from homogeneous excitation of an entire plane in the sample. Here we consider the effects of such spatial modulation of a temporally focused excitation pattern on both the generated excitation pattern and on its axial confinement. The transition in the axial response between line illumination and wide-field illumination is characterized both theoretically and experimentally. For 2D patterning, we show that in the case of amplitude-only modulation the axial response is generally similar to that of wide-field illumination, while for phase-and-amplitude modulation the axial response slightly deteriorates when the phase variation is rapid, a regime which is shown to be relevant to excitation by beams shaped using spatial light modulators. Finally, general guidelines for the use of spatially modulated temporally focused excitation are presented.
Low Velocity Impact Damage Analysis of Nylon-66 Nanofiber Interleaf Composite Laminate (2015)

Electrospun Nylon-66 nanofiber was used in AS4/3501-6 carbon/ epoxy prepreg to fabricate a quasi-isotropic base and interleaved laminates. The areal density of Nylon-66 nanofiber in the interleaved laminate was varied from 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 g/m2, which translate to 0.23, 0.69 and 1.15% interleaved weight percentage. The base and interleaved laminate were impact tested. The Nylon-66 nanofiber interleaving increased the overall thickness by maximum 2.5%, the mass and the ply areal density of the three interleaved laminates increased by maximum 1.4% and 1.4%, respectively. The interleave effect on the threshold impact force and energy for 0.23% interleaved laminate are slightly 8% and 16% respectively. The threshold impact force and energy for 0.69 and 1.15% interleaved laminates improved significantly by 42 and 89 for 0.69% interleaved and for 1.15% interleaved is 45 and 97%, respectively. The damage growth rates for the three interleaved laminates decreased by 12, 32 and 48%.
Casting of ferromagnetic amorphous ribbons for electronic and electrotechnical applications (1990)

Abstract The various physical properties of rapidly quenched alloys are highly sensitive to changes in composition and to the conditions of processing. The influence of these factors on the thermal, magnetic and mechanical properties of iron-based transition-metal boron glassy ribbons is described. Selected examples of the role of alloying and processing in various applications (heating elements, sensors and transformers) are given.
Solvent-Dependent Photophysics of 1-Cyclohexyluracil:  Ultrafast Branching in the Initial Bright State Leads Nonradiatively to the Electronic Ground State and a Long-Lived 1nπ* State (2006)

The modified nucleic acid base, 1-cyclohexyluracil, was studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in protic and aprotic solvents of varying polarity. UV excitation at 267 nm populates the lowest-energy bright state, a (1)pipi* state, which has a lifetime of 120-270 fs, depending on the solvent. In all solvents, this initial bright state population bifurcates with approximately 60% undergoing subpicosecond nonradiative decay to the electronic ground state and the remaining population branching to a singlet dark state. The latter absorbs between 340 and 450 nm. The latter state is assigned to the lowest-energy (1)npi* state. It decays to the electronic ground state with a lifetime that varies from 26 ps in water to at least several nanoseconds in aprotic solvents. The results suggest that the two nonradiative decay pathways identified for photoexcited uracil in recent quantum chemical calculations (Matsika, S. J. Phys. Chem. A. 2004, 108, 7584) are simultaneously operative in a wide variety of solvent environments. The lowest-energy triplet state was also detected by transient absorption. The triplet population appears in a few picoseconds and is not formed from the thermalized (1)npi* state. It is suggested that high spin-orbit coupling is found only along initial segments of the nonradiative decay pathways. Efficient intersystem crossing prior to vibrational cooling offers a possible explanation for the wavelength-dependent triplet yields seen in single DNA bases.
《酒神的伴侣》、“失踪的王子”与奥利弗·斯通的总统电影 (2002)

1947年春天,两位处于第一任期的国会议员应宾西法尼亚州麦基斯波特地方一民间团体之邀,就塔夫脱-哈特莱法案24展开辩论.这是与美国历史有着必然关系的两位政治家的第一次相会--约翰·F.肯尼迪和理查德·M.尼克松.这两个男人,后来的美国第35任和第37任总统,此后因许多其他记忆和情感的纽带而联系在一起,甚至在他们死后,也因两个互不相干但又相互呼应的迷团而联系在一起--第一个迷团起于肯尼迪的遗孀杰奎琳·肯尼迪,永远将约翰·F.肯尼迪因被刺身亡而宣告结束的短命的仅仅一千天的总统任期与传说中的卡米洛特25联系在一起;第二个迷团则由参议员罗伯特·多尔于1994年在理查德·尼克松的葬礼上引发,他声称20世纪下半叶是尼克松的时代.