gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Why do we need algorithmic historiography? (2003)

Abstract This article discusses the rationale for creating historiographs of scholarly topics using a new program called HistCite ™, which produces a variety of analyses to aid the historian identify key events (papers), people (authors), and journals in a field. By creating a genealogic profile of the evolution, the program aids the scholar in evaluating the paradigm involved.
A comparative study of the program efficiency of gate all around SONOS and TANOS flash memory (2010)

An analytic expression was obtained to examine the dependence of dielectric layers thickness and silicon radius on V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> shift, which is an important characteristic of gate all around SONOS/TANOS memory. As the radius of silicon decreases, the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> shift decreases because of increasing capacitance in dielectric layers under the condition of same trapped charge density. The V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> shift is almost linearly dependant on bottom oxide thickness and top oxide thickness. The maximum V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> shift of TANOS is lower than that of SONOS because of high dielectric constant of blocking layer in TANOS. On the other hand, the program speed of TANOS is faster than that of SONOS.
Low‐Temperature Thermal CVD of Superblack Carbon Nanotube Coatings (2017)

The deposition of carbon nanotube (CNT) coatings via thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is intensively reported. The surface acidity, chemical nature of the catalytic nanoparticles, and the carbon precursor are highly inter‐related key parameters. Furthermore, reducing the typical high‐growth temperature requires the implementation of toxic and hazardous organic precursors. In this study, the growth of CNT coatings is demonstrated using a single‐step CVD process in which magnesium oxides, material with enhanced basicity, and nanoparticles of cobalt are codeposited. This deposit catalyzes simultaneously the decomposition of ethanol to spark the growth of CNTs. The deposition is successively performed at 330–500 °C. Grown CNTs below 400 °C feature a high defect concentration and large diameters, 20 nm, relative to those obtained at ≥400 °C with no apparent defects and diameter of 12 nm. In terms of optical properties, films grown at ≥400 °C reflect less than 0.5% of light in the UV–vis–near IR, and exhibit a Lambertian behavior. Furthermore, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function measurements reveal identical optical properties irrespective of the underlying substrate. Therefore, the process holds a great potential for applications involving stray light reduction.
Improvement of the lateral-mode discrimination of broad-area diode lasers with a profiled reflectivity output facet (1996)

The emission of a broad-area laser always contains several lateral modes (along the junction plane) even at low drive levels. To increase the discrimination against high-order lateral modes, we developed simple techniques for depositing a profiled thin layer of SiO on the output facet of a broad-area laser that has a 75-μm-wide injection current stripe. The profiled coating provided a nearly Gaussian reflectivity in the lateral direction (parallel to the junction plane). The resolved near-field spectra of the uncoated and coated lasers have been compared. The maximum output power in the single-lateral-mode regime was pushed to 25 mW with the profiled coating, compared with a corresponding power of less than 1 mW before deposition. Experimental results have confirmed the behavior predicted by our numerical simulations. This method is scalable to higher-power lasers.
4Gbit density STT-MRAM using perpendicular MTJ realized with compact cell structure (2016)

For the first time, 4Gbit density STT-MRAM using perpendicular MTJ in compact cell was successfully demonstrated through the tight distributions for resistance and magnetic properties. This paper includes the results regarding parasitic resistance control process, MTJ process, and MTJ stack engineering. Both of successful 4Gb read and write operations were performed with high TMR, low Ic. This result will brighten the prospect of high-density STT-MRAM.
Down-regulation of c-Met inhibits growth in the liver of human colorectal carcinoma cells. (2003)

Overexpression of c-Met, the protein tyrosine kinase receptor for the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, has been implicated in the progression and metastasis of human colorectal carcinoma. To examine the role of c-Met on in vitro and in vivo growth of human colon tumor cell lines, stable subclones of the high metastatic human colorectal carcinoma cell line, KM20, isolated from a Dukes' D patient, with reduced c-Met expression were obtained after transfection with a c-Met-specific targeting ribozyme. The subclones were only modestly reduced in c-Met expression because of c-Met playing an important role in cellular survival. However, a 60-90% reduction in basal c-Met autophosphorylation and kinase activity were observed. Correlating with the reduction in c-Met kinase activity, subclones with reduced c-Met expression had significantly reduced in vitro growth rates and soft-agar colony-forming abilities. The in vivo growth of these cells was examined at both the ectopic SQ site and the orthotopic site of metastatic growth, the liver. SQ growth was delayed significantly in the c-Met down-regulated clones compared with controls, with tumors growing on loss of the ribozyme construct. In contrast, tumor incidence was significantly reduced when the c-Met down-regulated cells were grown in the orthotopic liver site. Thus, c-Met activation may be important in metastatic growth of colon tumor cells in the liver. Collectively these data demonstrate that a small reduction in c-Met protein levels leads to profound biological effects, and potential c-Met inhibitors may be of therapeutic value in treatment of colon cancer.
Characterization of the zero-dispersion wavelength variation in a strained highly nonlinear fiber (2015)

We present an experimental characterization of longitudinal zero-dispersion wavelength variations in a novel, strained, highly nonlinear fiber, by simple four-wave mixing spectrum analysis, and provide new insights to the analysis supported by detailed numerical simulations.
ANALYSE DES ZIRKADIANEN VERLAUFS DER UNIPOLAREN INTRAKARDIALEN IMPEDANZ MIT HILFE DES „SINGLE-COSINOR”-VERFAHRENS UND STATISTISCHER VERTEILUNGSPARAMETER (2003)

Article ANALYSE DES ZIRKADIANEN VERLAUFS DER UNIPOLAREN INTRAKARDIALEN IMPEDANZ MIT HILFE DES „SINGLE-COSINOR”-VERFAHRENS UND STATISTISCHER VERTEILUNGSPARAMETER was published on January 1, 2003 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 48, issue s1).
CHEMISTRY OF 2,3,5,6-TETRAHYDRO-1-IMIDAZ(1,2-a)IMIDAZOLE (1957)

A new synthesis of 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1-imidaz(1,2-a)imidazole is described. This bicyclic compound is hydrolyzed to l-(β-aminoethyl)-2-imidazolidone. The preparation of l-(β-hydroxyelhyl)- and 1-vinyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1-imidaz(1,2-a)imidazole also is described.
Determination of local chromatin composition by CasID (2016)

Chromatin structure and function are determined by a plethora of proteins whose genome-wide distribution is typically assessed by immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Here, we developed a novel tool to investigate the local chromatin environment at specific DNA sequences. We combined the programmable DNA binding of dCas9 with the promiscuous biotin ligase BirA* (CasID) to biotinylate proteins in the direct vicinity of specific loci. Subsequent streptavidin-mediated precipitation and mass spectrometry identified both known and previously unknown chromatin factors associated with repetitive telomeric, major satellite and minor satellite DNA. With super-resolution microscopy, we confirmed the localization of the putative transcription factor ZNF512 at chromocenters. The versatility of CasID facilitates the systematic elucidation of functional protein complexes and locus-specific chromatin composition.
Sperm whale oil analysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (1973)

Abstract Gas liquid chromatography of winterized sperm oil showed that its wax esters with even carbon numbers range from C 24 to C 42 and are present in quantities resembling a normal distribution curve with C 34 as the mean. Between these even‐numbered wax esters, ones with odd chain lengths were eluted. Triglycerides, similarly present in a normal distribution pattern, ranged from C 42 to C 58 and also included traces of odd chain species. The component acids and alcohols were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and double bond positions in the monoenoid components were established. Branched chain and odd chain constituents, both saturated and unsaturated, were detected among both alcohols and acids. These moieties, when combined with those having even chains, are responsible for the wax esters and triglycerides with odd carbon numbers.
HLA-Class II Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells in CD4+ T Cell-Based Immunotherapy (2019)

CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells differentiate into various T helper subsets characterized by distinct cytokine secreting profiles that confer them effector functions adapted to a variety of infectious or endogenous threats. Regulatory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells are another specialized subset that plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of immune tolerance to self-antigens. Manipulating effector or regulatory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells responses is a promising immunotherapy strategy for, respectively, chronical viral infections and cancer, or severe autoimmune diseases and transplantation. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is an emerging approach that necessitates defining robust and efficient methods for the <i>in vitro</i> expansion of antigen-specific T cells then infused into patients. To address this challenge, artificial antigen presenting cells (AAPCs) have been developed. They constitute a reliable and easily usable platform to stimulate and amplify antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Here, we review the recent advances in understanding the functions of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in immunity and in immune tolerance, and their use for ACT. We also describe the characteristics of different AAPC models and the way to improve their stimulating functions. Finally, we discuss the potential interest of these AAPCs, both as fundamental tools to decipher CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses and as reagents to generate clinical grade antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells for immunotherapy.
Role of Iron Catalyst Impregnated by Solvent Swelling Method in Pyrolytic Removal of Coal Nitrogen (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole of Iron Catalyst Impregnated by Solvent Swelling Method in Pyrolytic Removal of Coal NitrogenJun-ichiro Hayashi, Katsuki Kusakabe, Shigeharu Morooka, Michael Nielsen, and Edward FurimskyCite this: Energy Fuels 1995, 9, 6, 1028–1034Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00054a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00054a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New tools to convert bacterial artificial chromosomes to a self-excising design and their application to a herpes simplex virus type 1 infectious clone (2016)

Conversion of a herpesvirus infectious clone into a self-excising variant enables rapid production of viruses lacking bacterial vector sequences, and removes the requirement to initially propagate viruses in cells that express Cre recombinase. The self-excising bacterial artificial chromosome described here allows for efficient production of the F strain of herpes simplex virus type 1.
An extensible, lightweight architecture for adaptive J2EE applications (2006)

Server applications with adaptive behaviors can adapt their functionality in response to environmental changes, and significantly reduce the on-going costs of system deployment and administration. However, developing adaptive server applications is challenging due to the complexity of server technologies and highly dynamic application environments. This paper presents an architecture framework, known as the Adaptive Server Framework (ASF). ASF provides a clear separation between the implementation of adaptive behaviors and the server application business logic. This means a server application can be cost effectively extended with programmable adaptive features through the definition and implementation of control components defined in ASF. Furthermore, ASF is a lightweight architecture in that it incurs low CPU overhead and memory usage. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ASF through a case study, in which a server application dynamically determines the resolution and quality to scale an image based on the load of the server and network connection speed. The experimental evaluation demonstrates the performance gains possible by adaptive behaviors and the low overhead introduced by ASF.
RESOLUTION OF THE FREQUENCY DIVERSE METAMATERIAL APERTURE IMAGER (2015)

The resolution of a frequency diverse compressive metamaterial aperture imager is investigated. The aperture consists of a parallel plate waveguide, in which an array of complementary, resonant metamaterial elements is patterned into one of the plates. Microwaves injected into the waveguide leak out through the resonant metamaterial elements, forming a spatially diverse waveform at the scene. As the frequency is scanned, the waveforms change, such that scene information can be encoded onto a set of frequency measurements. The compressive nature of the metamaterial imager enables image reconstruction from a significantly reduced number of measurements. We characterize the resolution of this complex aperture by studying the simulated point spread function (PSF) computed using different image reconstruction techniques. We compare the imaging performance of the system with that expected from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) limits.
Short-term efficacy of physical interventions in osteoarthritic knee pain. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials (2007)

TENS, EA and LLLT administered with optimal doses in an intensive 2-4 week treatment regimen, seem to offer clinically relevant short-term pain relief for OAK.
Radioiododestannylation. Convenient synthesis of a stable penicillin derivative for rapid penicillin binding protein (PBP) assay (1989)

Abstract Radioiodination of p ‐(trimethylstannyl)penicillin V with [ 125 I]Na using a modification of the chloramine‐T method is simple, high yielding, and site‐specific. The structure and penicillin binding protein (PBP) affinity of p ‐[ 125 l]‐penicillin V (IPV) are similar to penicillin G and the product can be used directly without purification in the PBP assay. Because of the high degree of stability toward autoradiolysis and equivalent PBP binding affinity, IPV can be used in place of [ 3 H]‐penicillin G or [ 14 C]‐penicillin G for these experiments.
Clustering of blood cell count abnormalities and future risk of death (2021)

The easily assessable clustering of anaemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis heralds higher incidence of death and adverse cardiovascular events.
Structure ofEscherichia coliglutamate decarboxylase (GADα) in complex with glutarate at 2.05 Å resolution (2005)

Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is a pyridoxal enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamate into gamma-aminobutyric acid and carbon dioxide. The Escherichia coli enzyme exists as two isozymes, referred to as GADalpha and GADbeta. Crystals of the complex of the recombinant isozyme GADalpha with glutarate as a substrate analogue were grown in space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 117.1, c = 196.4 angstroms. The structure of the enzyme was solved by the molecular-replacement method and refined at 2.05 angstroms resolution to an R factor of 15.1% (R(free) = 19.9%). The asymmetric unit contains a dimer consisting of two subunits of the enzyme related by a noncrystallographic twofold axis which is perpendicular to and intersects a crystallographic threefold axis. The dimers are related by a crystallographic threefold axis to form a hexamer. The active site of each subunit is formed by residues of the large domains of both subunits of the dimer. The coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) forms an aldimine bond with Lys276. The glutarate molecule bound in the active site of the enzyme adopts two conformations with equal occupancies. One of the two carboxy groups of the glutarate occupies the same position in both conformations and forms hydrogen bonds with the N atom of the main chain of Phe63 and the side chain of Thr62 of one subunit and the side chains of Asp86 and Asn83 of the adjacent subunit of the dimer. Apparently, it is in this position that the distal carboxy group of the substrate would be bound by the enzyme, thus providing recognition of glutamic acid by the enzyme.
Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) to Characterize Agonist‐Induced Arrestin Recruitment to Modified and Unmodified G Protein‐Coupled Receptors (2015)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent ∼25% of current drug targets. Ligand binding to these receptors activates G proteins and arrestins, which are involved in differential signaling pathways. Because functionally selective or biased ligands activate one of these two pathways, they may be superior medications for certain diseases states. The identification of such ligands requires robust drug screening assays for both G protein and arrestin activity. This unit describes protocols for two bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assays used to monitor arrestin recruitment to GPCRs. One assay requires modification of GPCRs by fusion to a BRET donor or acceptor moiety, whereas the other can detect arrestin recruitment to unmodified GPCRs.
Rocket Lab Mission to Venus (2022)

Regular, low-cost Decadal-class science missions to planetary destinations will be enabled by high-ΔV small spacecraft, such as the high-energy Photon, and small launch vehicles, such as Electron, to support expanding opportunities for scientists and to increase the rate of science return. The Rocket Lab mission to Venus is a small direct entry probe planned for baseline launch in May 2023 with accommodation for a single ~1 kg instrument. A backup launch window is available in January 2025. The probe mission will spend about 5 min in the Venus cloud layers at 48–60 km altitude above the surface and collect in situ measurements. We have chosen a low-mass, low-cost autofluorescing nephelometer to search for organic molecules in the cloud particles and constrain the particle composition.
A comparison of brain perfusion SPECT in cocaine abuse and AIDS dementia complex. (1992)

Intravenous drug use is a major risk factor for HIV-1 infection. Since both AIDS dementia complex (ADC) and cocaine have been associated with abnormal brain perfusion imaging, we compared the scintigraphic patterns of ADC patients and cocaine polydrug users with normal control subjects using 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT. We found a high incidence of cortical defects in both ADC (100%) and cocaine-dependent (90%) subjects. In the cocaine and ADC patients, cortical defects were most frequent in the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes and occurred with similar frequency in the two populations. In both groups, the number of cortical defects per subject was higher than normal subjects (10.0 +/- 5.0 for ADC, 10.1 +/- 5.2 for cocaine and 0.7 +/- 1.5 for normal), background activity was high (a 65% and 60% incidence for ADC and cocaine, respectively), and basal ganglia involvement was frequent (40% and 65% for ADC and cocaine). We conclude that the brain perfusion pattern, while a sensitive indicator of ADC, cannot be distinguished from chronic cocaine polydrug use and caution should therefore be applied before entertaining a specific diagnosis.
Impact of LiF Particle Morphology on Overpotential and Structure of Li Metal Deposition (2022)

It has been widely suggested in literature that a lithium fluoride (LiF)-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) affects Coulombic efficiency (CE) of the Li metal anode used with liquid electrolytes. Yet, the influence of LiF on Li metal deposition has been challenging to examine. Herein, we developed a method to synthesize LiF nanoscale particles with tunable sizes (30–300 nm) on Cu electrodes by electrochemical reduction of fluorinated gases under controlled discharge rates and capacities. The impact of LiF nanoparticles on overpotential and morphology of Li deposition was further studied in a conventional carbonate electrolyte. By cyclic voltammetry, Li plating overpotentials exhibit a clear correlation with the total surface area of LiF particles. Additionally, Li metal deposits (10 μ Ah cm −2 ) nucleated under galvanostatic conditions (0.5 mA cm −2 ) on Cu/LiF showed increasing feature sizes with a lower average LiF particle size and higher coverage of LiF. However, no significant improvement in CE was observed for LiF-coated Cu. Our findings provide evidence that a particle-based mode of SEI fluorination can influence early-stage Li nucleation to a modest degree, and this effect is maximized when LiF is uniformly and densely distributed. However, sparser and larger LiF have vanishing or even detrimental effect on cycling performance.
Photostructural transformation of chalcogenide glasses under nonlinear absorption of laser radiation (1996)

The photoinduced change of transmittancy of chalcogenide glasses was investigated under exposure to the laser radiation at 1.064 and 1.318 micrometer. It was established that two- photon absorption in these glasses arises under exposure to radiation with irradiances of greater than or equal to 10<SUP>8</SUP> W/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. It results in irreversible structural transformation of the glasses in the interaction region. This process has threshold character over a narrow range of radiation irradiance (plus or minus 0.1I<SUB>thr</SUB>) and results in appearance of a small-dispersion phase in the bulk glass. Formation of such regions has fluctuating character and causes the appearance of strong light scattering. The effect observed is similar phenomenologically to the known effect of photo-structural transformations in the thin films under exposure to near bandgap light. However, in contrast to the last, the emerged changes of the glass properties are not erased completely by the annealing at the glass transition temperature.