gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The traction drive topology using the matrix converter with middle-frequency transformer (2008)

This paper presents research motivated by industrial demand for special traction drive topology devoted to minimization of traction transformer weight against topology with classical 50 Hz traction transformer. The main attention has been given to the special traction drive topology for AC power systems: input high voltage trolley converter (single phase matrix converter) - middle frequency transformer - output converter (single phase voltage-source active rectifier + three phase voltage-source inverter) - traction motor. The control algorithm (Inserting of NULL vector of matrix converter, Two-value control of secondary active rectifier, PWM and etc.) of innovative traction topology with middle-frequency transformer has been described.
Spin Correlations in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Spin-Dependent Recombination of Charge Carriers and Spin-Lattice Relaxation Studying Spin States using Electric Field Modulated Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Electric Field Modulation of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Experimental Method Estimating the Triplet Formation Rate from Transient Electroluminescence Spin Persistence in Charge Carrier Pairs Generated by an Electric Field Spin Persistence in Charge Carrier Pairs Generated Spontaneously Summary and Outlook
Varied-space grazing incidence gratings in high resolution scanning spectrometers (1986)

We discuss the dominant geometrical aberrations of a grazing incidence reflection grating and new techniques which can be used to reduce or eliminate them. Convergent beam geometries and the aberration correction possible with varied groove spacings are each found to improve the spectral resolution and speed of grazing incidence gratings. In combination, these two techniques can result in a high resolution (λ/Δλ≳104) monochromator or scanning spectrometer with a simple rotational motion for scanning wavelength or selecting the spectral band.
Monte Carlo-based treatment planning for a spoiler system with experimental validation using plane-parallel ionization chambers (2004)

A beam spoiler is often used to increase the build-up dose near the surface for treatment of superficial treatment areas. Photon-beam spoilers produce a large amount of contaminant electrons, conditions for which standard, commercial treatment-planning system dose-calculation algorithms are inadequate for producing accurate dose calculations. In this study, we implemented a Monte Carlo (MC) dose-calculation algorithm for this spoiler system. With and without a spoiler of 1 cm Lucite, depth doses and transverse profiles in the build-up region were measured for field sizes of 5 x 5 cm2 and 10 x 10 cm2 at the spoiler-to-surface distances (STSDs) of 6, 10 and 15 cm. An Attix chamber and a Markus chamber were used for depth doses, whereas a diode detector was used for transverse profiles. An MC simulation using BEAM/DOSXYZ was used to compare the calculated and the measured data. The MC calculations agreed with the Attix chamber measurements within 2% for all STSDs and field sizes, whereas the Markus data--even with corrections made-showed a discrepancy of about 3.5% with a maximum difference of 7.3% for a field size of 10 x 10 cm2 at an STSD of 6 cm. The MC treatment-planning system was successfully applied to a head-and-neck case using 6 MV photon beams with a beam spoiler.
Réductions des bruits d’un prototype de VECSEL bifréquence à 852 nm pour des applications d’horloge atomique CPT (2022)

International audience
Characterization of in-grown stacking faults in 4H–SiC (0001) epitaxial layers and its impacts on high-voltage Schottky barrier diodes (2005)

The density, shape and structure of in-grown stacking faults in 4H–SiC (0001) epitaxial layers have been characterized by cathodeluminescence, photoluminescence and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. These analyses indicate that in-grown stacking faults are of 8H structure, and are generated mostly near the epilayer/substrate interface during chemical vapor deposition. The impact of the stacking faults on the performance of 4H–SiC (0001) Schottky barrier diodes has been investigated. It is revealed that the stacking faults cause the lowering of Schottky barrier height as well as the decrease of breakdown voltage.
Statistical Assessment of Biosimilar Products (2009)

Biological products or medicines are therapeutic agents that are produced using a living system or organism. Access to these life-saving biological products is limited because of their expensive costs. Patents on the early biological products will soon expire in the next few years. This allows other biopharmaceutical/biotech companies to manufacture the generic versions of the biological products, which are referred to as follow-on biological products by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or as biosimilar medicinal products by the European Medicine Agency (EMEA) of the European Union (EU). Competition of cost-effective follow-on biological products with equivalent efficacy and safety can cut down the costs and hence increase patients' access to the much-needed biological pharmaceuticals. Unlike for the conventional pharmaceuticals of small molecules, the complexity and heterogeneity of the molecular structure, complicated manufacturing process, different analytical methods, and possibility of severe immunogenicity reactions make evaluation of equivalence (similarity) between the biosimilar products and their corresponding innovator product a great challenge for both the scientific community and regulatory agencies. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current regulatory requirements for approval of biosimilar products. A review of current criteria for evaluation of bioequivalence for the traditional chemical generic products is provided. A detailed description of the differences between the biosimilar and chemical generic products is given with respect to size and structure, immunogenicity, product quality attributed, and manufacturing processes. In addition, statistical considerations including design criteria, fundamental biosimilar assumptions, and statistical methods are proposed. The possibility of using genomic data in evaluation of biosimilar products is also explored.
1.1.14 Measurements of the T-Corona from Daily OSO-7 Observations (1976)

The white light corona (K + F) between 3 and 10 R s was observed from October, 1971 through June, 1974 by the NRL coronagraph orbiting on 0S0-7. Daily images from October, 1971 through December, 1972 have been calibrated to yield the daily variation of the coronal brightness as measured through a segmented polarizing plate. This plate had segments of tangential and radial polarization which enabled the separation of the observed brightness into its polarized and unpolarized components at about 5 and 7 R s . Each image was scanned at 35 heights above the solar limb between 3 and 10 R s and at every 1 ° in heliographic position angle. The brightness of selected points in the corona was plotted to obtain the time history of the variations. Curvilinear regression of the radial brightness distributions for each month shows fluctuations in the gradient, magnitude and standard deviation from regression associated with solar activity. Taking means over the entire set of observations yields curves representing the average, the minimum and the maximum coronal brightnesses. The minimum curve derived for each position angle is interpreted as an upper limit of the F coronal brightness. The equatorial minimum curve agrees extremely well with the F model of Saito (1970) in both shape and absolute value after a corrector for stray light has been subtracted. However the minimum curve for the polar regions lies approximately 3 standard deviations (30%) below that for the equator. This implies that the F-corona is not independent of azimuth or alternatively, the minimum equatorial curve may contain a contribution from the K-corona.
Disentangling Transfer and Interference in Multi-Domain Learning (2021)

Humans are incredibly good at transferring knowledge from one domain to another, enabling rapid learning of new tasks. Likewise, transfer learning has enabled enormous success in many computer vision problems using pretraining. However, the benefits of transfer in multi-domain learning, where a network learns multiple tasks defined by different datasets, has not been adequately studied. Learning multiple domains could be beneficial, or these domains could interfere with each other given limited network capacity. Understanding how deep neural networks of varied capacity facilitate transfer across inputs from different distributions is a critical step towards open world learning. In this work, we decipher the conditions where interference and knowledge transfer occur in multi-domain learning. We propose new metrics disentangling interference and transfer, set up experimental protocols, and examine the roles of network capacity, task grouping, and dynamic loss weighting in reducing interference and facilitating transfer.
OptiSec3D - A new Paradigm in Secure Communication and Authentication featuring Time-of-Flight (2016)

Information security and trust represent fundamental requirements for today's information and communication systems as well as interconnected embedded systems. If these requirements are not tackled properly, security attacks, such as relay attacks, may compromise these systems severely. Here we introduce OptiSec3D, a new paradigm in secure communication systems. The presented approach for secure communication and authentication uniquely enhances the key enabling Time-of-Flight 3D localization technology with optical communication abilities. By extending these features with state-of-the-art security anchors, new levels of trust and security can be reached for information and communication systems. This work not only provides the background and concept of this secure communication and authentication approach, but also demonstrates its feasible implementation by means of a very first prototype. Furthermore, we outline how security attacks, such as relay attacks, can be counteracted and how future OptiSec3D-based security-critical systems will look like.
Single Cell Spatial Analysis Reveals the Topology of Immunomodulatory Purinergic Signaling in Glioblastoma (2022)

ABSTRACT Glioblastoma develops an immunosuppressive microenvironment that fosters tumorigenesis and resistance to current therapeutic strategies. Here we use multiplexed tissue imaging and single-cell RNA-sequencing to characterize the composition, spatial organization, and clinical significance of extracellular purinergic signaling in glioblastoma. We show that glioblastoma exhibit strong expression of CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes, correlating with increased adenosine levels. Microglia are the predominant source of CD39, while CD73 is principally expressed by tumor cells, particularly in tumors with amplification of EGFR and astrocyte-like differentiation. Spatially-resolved single-cell analyses demonstrate strong spatial correlation between tumor CD73 and microglial CD39, and that their spatial proximity is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Together, this data reveals that tumor CD73 expression correlates with tumor genotype, lineage differentiation, and functional states, and that core purine regulatory enzymes expressed by neoplastic and tumor-associated myeloid cells interact to promote a distinctive adenosine-rich signaling niche and immunosuppressive microenvironment potentially amenable to therapeutic targeting.
Performance Evaluation of LTE MBMS Baseline (2009)

MBMS is an efficient means to provide multimedia services by sharing common radio channels among a group of users. This paper presents performance evaluation of MBMS in LTE framework by a simulator set up according to 3GPP standard. A general comparison is first made among point-topoint (p-t-p), point-to-multipoint (p-t-m) and single frequency network (SFN), which shows that p-t-m with feedback is more efficient than p-t-p, and SFN can lead to remarkable performance enhancement. We also elaborate the packet scheduling process of p-t-m with feedback scheme, which involves sector-specific adaptive modulation coding (AMC) and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), and then investigate the gain provided by them. It is shown that with moderate user number, fast AMC and HARQ can give 25% and 70% throughput gain respectively. However, this gain decreases with user number.
The HL-60 model for the interaction of human macrophages with the Legionnaires' disease bacterium. (1990)

The facultative intracellular pathogen, Legionella pneumophila, multiplies within and kills human monocytes and alveolar macrophages. We show that L. pneumophila strain Philadelphia-1 infects, multiplies within and kills the promyelocyte HL-60 cell line after its differentiation into macrophage-like cells. The characteristics of the interaction between L. pneumophila and differentiated HL-60 cells closely resemble those between L. pneumophila and human peripheral blood monocytes. With both cell types, C receptors and serum C mediate attachment of L. pneumophila, which are taken up by coiling phagocytosis. The replicative phagosome is lined with ribosomes; intracellular multiplication is iron-dependent; and replicating bacteria ultimately destroy the host cell. As in human monocytes, an avirulent mutant derivative of L. pneumophila Philadelphia-1, 25D, does not replicate in and is not cytopathic for differentiated HL-60 cells. Differentiated HL-60 cells therefore provide a convenient and faithful model for the study of L. pneumophila-mononuclear phagocyte interaction.
Prognostic and diagnostic value of REG4 serum and tissue expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2018)

Expression of regenerating islet-derived protein 4 (REG4), a secretory protein involved in cell differentiation and proliferation, is upregulated in inflammatory bowel diseases and in many gastrointestinal malignancies. The prognostic significance of its expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is unknown. Our aim was to investigate tumor tissue and serum REG4 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. We also evaluated as a control the diagnostic value of serum REG4 level in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Immunohistochemical expression of REG4 was evaluated in 154 surgical specimens and serum REG4 level in 130 samples from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients treated at Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, in 2000-2011. REG4 tissue and serum expression was assessed in relation to clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. A chronic pancreatitis control group comprised 34 patients who underwent pancreatic resection because of suspicion of malignancy. Significant survival differences were detectable in subgroups: in tumor stages IA-IIA, high serum REG4 level predicted worse survival (p=0.046). In patients with grade I tumor, positive tissue REG4 expression predicted better survival (p=0.006). In multivariate analysis, neither tissue nor serum REG4 expression was independent prognostic factors. Serum REG4 levels were higher in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma than in chronic pancreatitis (p=0.002), with diagnostic sensitivity of 45% and specificity of 91%. In logistic regression analysis, a multivariate model with REG4, CA19-9, and age provided sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 79%. REG4 tissue expression is a prognostic marker in subgroups of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. Serum REG4 level might be useful in differential diagnosis between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis.
A chemoautotrophic and thermophilic microorganism isolated from an acid hot spring (1973)

A pleomorphic, acidophilic, and chemoautotrophic microbe is described. The cell is bound by a membrane and a diffuse, amorphous layer. The isolate used either sulfur or iron as a source of energy. Morphological and nutritional similarities as well as corresponding thermophilic and acidophilic requirements suggest a relationship to Sulfolobus. The organism tolerates 80 °C for longer than 2 h, but heat resistance is not attributed to a bacterial spore. The maximum temperature for growth is 70 °C; the minimum about 45 °C.The DNA base composition is 57 ± 3 mole % GC. Yeast extract enhances growth of the isolate on iron and sulfur substrates, but does not significantly enhance the isolate's respiration rate on these same substrates.The isolate requires induction by sulfur or iron for maximum respiration on these substrates, respectively. Optimum oxidation of elemental sulfur occurred at pH 2.0 and gave a [Formula: see text] of 163; oxidation on iron gave a maximum [Formula: see text] of 879.
Accelerating generalized linear models with MLWeaving (2019)

Learning from the data stored in a database is an important function increasingly available in relational engines. Methods using lower precision input data are of special interest given their overall higher efficiency. However, in databases, these methods have a hidden cost: the quantization of the real value into a smaller number is an expensive step. To address this issue, we present ML-Weaving, a data structure and hardware acceleration technique intended to speed up learning of generalized linear models over low precision data. MLWeaving provides a compact in-memory representation that enables the retrieval of data at any level of precision. MLWeaving also provides a highly efficient implementation of stochastic gradient descent on FPGAs and enables the dynamic tuning of precision, instead of using a fixed precision level during learning. Experimental results show that MLWeaving converges up to 16 x faster than low-precision implementations of first-order methods on CPUs.
ACS67, a Hydrogen Sulfide–Releasing Derivative of Latanoprost Acid, Attenuates Retinal Ischemia and Oxidative Stress to RGC-5 Cells in Culture (2010)

Purpose. To determine the neuroprotective properties of a latanoprost acid derivative (ACS67) that donates the gas hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S). Methods. Ischemia to the rat retina was induced by elevation of intraocular pressure. Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded and the retinas analyzed 2 days later by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and RT-PCR. Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was used to impose an insult on RGC-5 cells in culture. The nature of the insult to cultures was quantified by the resazurin-reduction assay procedure, staining for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and for apoptosis. ACS67, its sulfurated moiety (ACS1), and latanoprost were tested for both their toxicity and ability to blunt the negative effect of H(2)O(2) on RGC-5 cells. In addition, an assay was used to see whether any of the substances influenced glutathione (GSH) levels in RGC-5 cells. Results. Partial damage to the retina in situ after ischemia was characterized by an alteration of the ERG, a reduction in the retinal localization of specific antigens and a reduction and elevation of defined retinal proteins and mRNAs. Optic nerve axonal proteins were also drastically reduced by ischemia. Most of these changes were significantly blunted by an intravitreal injection of ACS67 directly after ischemia. ACS67, ACS1, and the antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) all stimulated GSH levels and significantly attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced toxicity to RGC-5 cells, whereas latanoprost did not. Conclusions. ACS67 acts as an H(2)S donor through its donating moiety ACS1 and as a consequence is able to act as a neuroprotectant.
Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties and Mechanical Properties of Aramid Fiber Reinforced Cement (2012)

To solve more and more serious electromagnetic radiations, cement-based composites were prepared by introducing aramid fiber into cement. The reflection losses were studied using arched testing method in the frequency range of 1.7~18 GHz. The results showed that the absorption properties and mechanical properties were all improved preferably. The mechanisms were discussed, which indicated that the space network structure lapped into mutually by aramid fiber played an important role. The filling ratio of aramid fiber as well as the length of fiber had influence on the absorption properties, the breaking strength and the compressive strength of cement. The lowest reflection loss of -12.2 dB was obtained at 18 GHz, the effective absorption bandwidth (less than -8 dB) reached 9.15 GHz ,and the compressive strength was twice than that of cement paste when the specimen was filled with 8 vol. % aramid fiber with length of 3mm.
Polyaniline: Protonic Acid Doping to the Metallic Regime (1985)

Abstract “Polyaniline” has been synthesized in various forms both chemically and electrochemically in aqueous media. The quinoid-benzenoid-diimine form, an insulator, is doped by dilute aqueous protonic acids to the metallic regime ([sgrave] ∼ 5 ohm−1cm−1; compressed pellet) to give the corresponding iminium salt. The polymer is not oxidized during the doping process. This represents a new type of p-doping phenomenon in a conducting polymer. Both these forms of polyaniline are stable in the presence of air and/ or water. The doping process is reversed by treatment with aqueous alkali. The mechanism by which doping occurs is discussed.
Elevated levels of interleukin-18 are associated with several indices of general and visceral adiposity and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2022)

Elevated levels of IL-18 were related to several indices of general and visceral adiposity and insulin resistance in PCOS.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Suboxide as a C1 Reagent. Sequential Cleavage of CO from C3O2 at a Metal Center to Give WCl2(CO)(PMePh2)2(C,C′:η2‐C(O)CPMePh2) and WCl2(CO)(PMePh2)2(CPMePh2). (1989)

Abstract Carbon suboxide (II) reacts with the W(II) complex (I) to give the title complex (III) (space group P2/n, Z=4) which in CHCl 3 at 35 °C undergoes an irreversible loss of CO to afford the phosphinocarbyne complex (IVa).
Observation of Inhomogeneous Deformation in a Cold-Rolled Ti-added Ultra-Low Carbon Steel using High-Precision Markers Drawn by Focused Ion Beam (2021)

Abstract The development of deformation inhomogeneities in ultra-low carbon steel due to cold rolling has been investigated by observation of the longitudinal plane at chosen sites of a rolled sheet using SEM and SEM-EBSD techniques. Particular attention has been paid to the development of strain distribution in the crystals. The microstructures and the orientation distribution in the longitudinal plane of a sheet rolled to a 60% reduction in thickness were observed, and some grains with preferred orientation such as α-fiber and γ-fiber were selected. In order to examine the local strain distribution of these grains due to cold rolling, high-precision dot markers, 0.3μm in diameter, were drawn using a focused ion beam. Then, before being subjected to additional rolling, the sheet was fitted into a frame made of the same steel under a plane strain condition. Using the marker method, the local displacement of the grains due to cold rolling has been directly measured.