gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fully-digital phase-locked low dropout regulator in 32nm CMOS (2012)

A fully-digital phase-locked low dropout regulator (LDO) has been designed in 32nm CMOS for fine-grained power delivery to multi-Vcc digital circuits. Measurements across a wide range of input voltages and currents exhibit that the LDO offers excellent load regulation and efficiency close to 97% of ideal efficiency at nominal load current conditions (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LOAD</sub> =3mA).
Participatory Crowdfunding: An Approach towards Engaging Employees and Citizens in Institutional Budgeting Decisions (2016)

Governments and corporations try to engage their constituents and employees in participatory processes in order to enhance belongingness and motivation. At the same time, online-based crowdsourcing concepts have become ubiquitous. In this paper, we propose a novel concept of participatory budget allocation and sketch out an experimental design to assess different alternatives of such a mechanism. Building on the rich literature of threshold public goods and motivation theory, we investigate how different crowdfunding-like mechanisms for budget allocation affect contribution behaviour, user agency, and overall welfare. In a pilot experiment, we find that decisions on institutional budget allocation with no alternative use lead to higher overall welfare gains and more funded projects than an existing outside option (keeping budget for private use), whereas differences in subjects' perceived sense of agency were insignificant. This indicates that institutions can implement such a restricting mechanism without limiting user motivation, while maximizing welfare.
Surgical Anatomy of Upper Arm: What is Needed for AVF Planning (2009)

The majority of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have anatomy suitable for arteriovenous fistula creation. Clinical examination supplemented with duplex Doppler vessel mapping plays a crucial role in evaluation of the anatomy to plan dialysis access in a given patient. Access planning should take into consideration the overall health status and longevity of the ESRD patient on dialysis and potential for the access failure. Accordingly, access planning should involve not only a plan for the initial procedure, but include an algorithm to provide an access sequence to support the patient through the entire ESRD life.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Mitochondrial Topoisomerase I (Top1mt) Is a Novel Limiting Factor of Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 108KB, Distribution of the mutations along the Top1mt polypeptide. Red: Deleterious missense variants. Blue: Essential amino acids (aa) for Top1mt activity. Green: High frequent missense variants.&lt;/p&gt;
A Learning Machine Approach for Predicting Thermal Comfort Indices (2005)

Human thermal comfort is influenced by psychological as well as physiological factors. Several comfort indices, such as PMV, PPD, TSENS, ET*, DISC, and SET* (see nomenclature) have been developed. These indices attempt to correlate human thermal comfort with environmental conditions. This paper describes the use of a learning algorithm &#x201C;support vector machine (SVM) learning&#x201D; for prediction of the thermal comfort indices. The SVM is an artificial intelligent approach that can capture the input/output mapping from the given data. Support vector machines were developed based on the Structural Risk Minimization principle. Different sets of representative experimental environmental factors that affect a homogenous person&#x2019;s thermal balance were used for training the SVM algorithm. The results demonstrate good correlation between SVM predicted values and those obtained from conventional thermal comfort, such as Fanger Model and &#x201C;2-Node&#x201D; model. The &#x201C;trained SVM&#x201D; with representative data could be easily and more effectively used to predict the indices compared to other conventional estimation methods.
Simulation and experimental study of Cu wedge bond reliability (2016)

Copper (Cu) wire has many advantages and is replacing Aluminum (Al) wire in high performance power electronics. A power cycling test system was developed and cycling tests were performed to compare reliability of Al wire and Cu wire and to investigate how a wire surface defect and the bond process affect the reliability. A finite element analysis (FEA) model was created and simulations were run to analyze failure mechanisms of test samples. The results show Cu wire can carry more current, works at higher temperature, and has much better reliability. For both Al and Cu wires, stronger bonds have higher reliability and are less sensitive to wire surface defects. The defects affect bond reliability especially for lightly bonded wires. A wedge imprint at a bond from special wedge design does not affect the bond reliability even it appears similar to a surface defect.
Improved Modeling of the Correlation Between Continuous-Valued Sources\n in LDPC-Based DSC (2012)

Accurate modeling of the correlation between the sources plays a crucial role\nin the efficiency of distributed source coding (DSC) systems. This correlation\nis commonly modeled in the binary domain by using a single binary symmetric\nchannel (BSC), both for binary and continuous-valued sources. We show that\n"one" BSC cannot accurately capture the correlation between continuous-valued\nsources; a more accurate model requires "multiple" BSCs, as many as the number\nof bits used to represent each sample. We incorporate this new model into the\nDSC system that uses low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for compression. The\nstandard Slepian-Wolf LDPC decoder requires a slight modification so that the\nparameters of all BSCs are integrated in the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs).\nFurther, using an interleaver the data belonging to different bit-planes are\nshuffled to introduce randomness in the binary domain. The new system has the\nsame complexity and delay as the standard one. Simulation results prove the\neffectiveness of the proposed model and system.\n
Preparation and evaluation of modified lime and silica-lime sorbents for mercury vapor emissions control (1999)

The paper discusses current efforts to improve the uptake of mercury species by increasing active sites and adding oxiditive species to the sorbent. (NOTE: Previous work showed that mercury chloride vapor is readily absorbed by calcium-based sorbents as an acid gas in environments typical of coal-fired boiler flue gas, white elemental mercury vapor is absorbed by calcium-based sorbents only when sulfur oxides are also present.) Preparation of modified lime and silica-lime sorbents and their behavior toward mercury species are compared to those of commercially available lime on a fixed-bed bench reactor. The implications of findings toward development of mutipollutant control technologies and planned field toward development of multipollutant control technologies and planned field pilot evaluations of more multipollutant control concepts are discussed.
Development and validation of UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS for carteolol in aqueous humour: Stability, stress degradation and application in pharmacokinetics of nanoformulation (2013)

Carteolol (CRT) is currently under development as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of open angle glaucoma. The purpose of the present work is to develop and validate a stability indicating assay method and its application to estimate CRT in aqueous humour and study the pharmacokinetic parameters. An ultra performance liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of CRT in rabbit aqueous humour, using propranolol as the internal standard (I.S.). Aqueous humour samples were prepared by a simple liquid–liquid extraction technique (LLE). The analyte and internal standard were separated by an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (100.0 × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μm) column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile – 2 mM (milli mole) ammonium acetate (90/10, v/v) over 3 min of retention time. Detection was based on the multiple reactions monitoring with the precursor-to-product ion transitions m/z 293.2 → 237.12 for CRT and m/z 260.09 → 183.04 for I.S. The method was validated according to FDA guidelines on the bio-analytical method validation. The method developed was linear (r2 = 0.999) over the concentration range of 1–1000 ng/mL. The selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, and stability were within the acceptable ranges. Forced degradation studies were performed on bulk sample of CRT as per ICH prescribed stress conditions, such as acid, base, oxidative and photolytic to show the forced of the method. Significant degradation was observed during basic stress condition. The pharmacokinetic study of CRT solution and nanoparticles in aqueous humour of rabbit eye was performed and results showed that CRT nanoparticles enhance the ocular bioavailability by 5.61-fold as compared to CRT-solution.
An Efficient Self-Transposing Memory Structure for 32-bit Video Processors (2006)

Many 2D data processing applications can be simplified and represented by use of 1D operations. Such tools, however, require applying both vertical and horizontal operations to the data blocks. The data transposing units is preferred to be used by the designers rather than applying individual operations for horizontal and vertical directions. Hence, designing a cost efficient and extendible transposing memory is a key issue for these applications. This paper proposes an efficient management strategy for using the SRAM modules in order to make a self-transposing memory architecture (STMA). In addition to its lower cost compared to flip-flop based buffers, the proposed architecture is more than 29% faster than usual SRAM based memory units. Simulations indicate that using the STMA in the H.264/AVC deblocking filter results in 60% speed improvement
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates autoimmune arthritis by reciprocal regulation of T helper-17 regulatory T cells and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting STAT3 signaling (2016)

The green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a potent antioxidant. Here, we describe the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on T cell differentiation and osteoclast differentiation in an animal model of arthritis. Mice with collagen-induced arthritis were injected intraperitoneally with epigallocatechin-3-gallate, 3 times/wk after the primary immunization. Surface markers of T helper 17 cells and regulatory T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to evaluate the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on cell signaling in the collagen-induced arthritis model. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate decreased the arthritis index and showed protective effects against joint destruction in collagen-induced arthritis mice. The expression of cytokines, oxidative stress proteins, and phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, 705 and 727, were significantly less in mice treated with epigallocatechin-3-gallate than it was in controls. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate reduced the expression of osteoclast markers in vitro and in vivo relative to the control, and the antiosteoclastic activity was observed in epigallocatechin-3-gallate-treated, interferon-γ knockout mice. The proportion of forkhead box protein 3-positive regulatory T cells was increased in the spleens of mice treated with epigallocatechin-3-gallate compared with control mice, whereas the proportion of T helper 17 cells was reduced. In vitro, the expression of nuclear respiratory factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase was increased significantly by epigallocatechin-3-gallate. We demonstrated that the administration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuated the symptoms of arthritis, inhibited osteoclastogenesis and T helper 17 cell activation, and increased the number of regulatory T cells. At the molecular level, the antiarthritic effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate may be due to induction of phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase, nuclear respiratory factor 2, and heme oxygenase-1 and inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 activation.
Effect of laser pulse energy on optoacoustic conversion in liquids (1986)

The effect of laser pulse energy on optoacoustic conversion has been studied experimentally. A short UV laser pulse (337 nm in wavelength and 800 ps in duration) is allowed to impinge on a test cell of propanol where it is absorbed in a short distance (∼ 0.87 ram). The absorbed energy results in a density variation in the fluid which propagates outward from the excitation zone. A second, 10-μm-diam cw He-Ne probe laser beam parallel to the excitation pulse is deflected by the passing wave. The deflection is measured with a photodiode [B. Sullivan and A. C. Tam, “Profile of laser-produced acoustic pulse in a liquid,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 75, 437–441 (1984)]. The time evolution as well as the amplitude of the measured signal is considered. The amplitude of the optoacoustic signal is found to vary linearly with input energy between 7.5 × 1016 W/m3 and 5.3 × 1015 W/m3. Theoretical limits on the observed linearity will be presented. [Work supported by the ONR.]
Frequency of Dermatological Side Effects of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes (2015)

<b>Background:</b> The incidence of type 1 diabetes is rising, particularly in young infants. The treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) offers certain benefits and has gained popularity. Insulin-pump therapy could be associated with cutaneous-adverse effects. The purpose of our study was to investigate the frequency and characterization of skin-related complications in patients with CSII. <b>Methods:</b> In a single center setting, 54 patients (28 male, 26 female) on CSII therapy aged between 3 and 20 years participated in our study. Data including duration of diabetes, duration of CSII, pump model, catheter material, frequency of catheter switch and hygiene procedures at time of puncture were collected through a standardized questionnaire and photographs of affected areas of the skin were made. Statistical analysis was done to verify an association with gender, patients´ age, HbA1c values, and body mass index. <b>Results:</b> Our observation revealed skin complications at the site of catheter insertion in 43% (8 f, 15 m) of our patients. A frequent occurrence of scars (24%, 6 f, 7 m), lipohypertrophic areas (20%, 4 f, 7 m) and eczema (11%, 1 f, 5 m) was observed. Furthermore, 6% (1 f, 2 m) showed changes in pigmentation and 6% (1 f, 2 m) lipoatrophy. The catheter localization had to be switched due to skin-complications in 24% (6 f, 7 m) whereas none of our patients discontinued insulin-pump therapy. <b>Conclusion:</b> Skin-related complications during CSII are frequent and regular examination of the insertion sites is crucial. To verify the occurrence of lipoatrophy associated with insulin pump therapy – an otherwise rare complication – larger studies would be needed.
Impact of Accompanying Hydrogen Generation on Metal Nanotube Electrodeposition (2010)

Ni is electrodeposited into polycarbonate porous membrane templates at various cathodic potentials and bulk solution pH values. The membrane pore diameters are 200 nm. Transmission electron microscope observations reveal that the electrodeposited Ni nanostructures are nanowires but occasionally nanotubes. The nanotube wall thicknesses vary from 10 to 70 nm. Nanotubes with thinner walls are deposited under more acidic and less noble conditions. The numerical model for pH values at the cathode surface in the template is developed. Calculated pH values at the cathode surface are lower in the template than those at a vertical planar cathode. The current efficiency of Ni is measured by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. As the predicted by the pH calculations, the current efficiency of Ni is lower for a porous template than for a vertical planar cathode. The observed nanotube walls become thinner as the current efficiency decreases. Thus, it is deduced that accompanying evolutions promote nanotube growth in the pores. Finally, the pH values in the template are more than 1 to 2 times smaller than at the vertical planar cathode surface.
Particle Size (Sieving) and Enthalpy (Acid Calorimetry) Analysis of Single-Pull K East Basin Floor and Pit Sludges (2000)

This report presents the results of particle size analyses and calorimetry testing performed on selected single-pull sludge samples collected from the Hanford K East Basin between December 1998 and June 1999. The samples were collected as isolated cores predominantly from areas that had not been previously sampled (e.g., North Loadout Pit, Dummy Elevator Pit, Tech View Pit), or from areas in which the sludge composition had been altered since the last sampling (e.g., Weasel Pit). Particle size analyses were performed by washing wet sludge samples through a series of four sieves with openings of 250, 500, 1410, and 4000 {micro}m. The loaded sieves were weighed before and after drying to obtain wet and dry particle size distributions. Knowledge of the particle size distribution is needed to design and predict the performance of the systems that will be used to retrieve, transport, and recover sludge. Also, sieving provides an opportunity to observe the components in the sludge. For example, during sieving of the sludge sample from the North Loadout Pit, significant quantities of organic ion exchange beads were observed. The uranium metal content and the particle size of the uranium metal in the K Basin sludge will largely determine the chemical reactivity of the sludge. In turn, the designs for the sludge handling and storage systems must be compatible with the reactivity of the sludge. Therefore, acid calorimetry was performed to estimate the uranium metal content of the sludge. For this testing, sludge samples were dissolved in nitric acid within a calibrated adiabatic calorimeter. The resulting dissolution enthalpy data were then used to discriminate between metallic uranium ({minus}3750 J/g in nitric acid) and uranium oxide ({minus}394 J/g in nitric acid). Results from this testing showed that the single-pull sludge samples contained little or no uranium metal.
Partitioning of Rearranged Ig Genes by Mutation Analysis Demonstrates D-D Fusion and V Gene Replacement in the Expressed Human Repertoire (2004)

The accurate partitioning of Ig H chain V(H)DJ(H) junctions and L chain V(L)J(L) junctions is problematic. We have developed a statistical approach for the partitioning of such sequences, by analyzing the distribution of point mutations between a determined V gene segment and putative Ig regions. The establishment of objective criteria for the partitioning of sequences between V(H), D, and J(H) gene segments has allowed us to more carefully analyze intervening putative nontemplated (N) nucleotides. An analysis of 225 IgM H chain sequences, with five or fewer V mutations, led to the alignment of 199 sequences. Only 5.0% of sequences lacked N nucleotides at the V(H)D junction (N1), and 10.6% at the DJ(H) junction (N2). Long N regions (>9 nt) were seen in 20.6% of N1 regions and 17.1% of N2 regions. Using a statistical analysis based upon known features of N addition, and mutation analysis, two of these N regions aligned with D gene segments, and a third aligned with an inverted D gene segment. Nine additional sequences included possible alignments with a second D segment. Four of the remaining 40 long N1 regions included 5' sequences having six or more matches to V gene end motifs, which may be the result of V gene replacement. Such sequences were not seen in long N2 regions. The long N regions frequently seen in the expressed repertoire of human Ig gene rearrangements can therefore only partly be explained by V gene replacement and D-D fusion.
Investigating Reduced Path Planning Strategy for Differential Wheeled Mobile Robot (2019)

Summary This paper presents a vision-based path planning strategy that aims to reduce the computational time required by a robot to find a feasible path from a starting point to the goal point. The proposed algorithm presents a novel strategy that can be implemented on any well-known path planning algorithm such as A*, D* and probabilistic roadmap (PRM), to improve the swiftness of these algorithms. This path planning algorithm is suitable for real-time scenarios since it reduces the computational time compared to the basis and traditional algorithms. To test the proposed path planning strategy, a tracking control strategy is implemented on a mobile platform. This control strategy consists of three major stages. The first stage deals with gathering information about the surrounding environment using vision techniques. In the second stage, a free-obstacle path is generated using the proposed reduced scheme. In the final stage, a Lyapunov kinematic tracking controller and two Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based-controllers are implemented to track the proposed path by adjusting the rotational and linear velocity of the robot. The proposed path planning strategy is tested on a Pioneer P3-DX differential wheeled mobile robot and an Xtion PRO depth camera. Experimental results prove the efficiency of the proposed path planning scheme, which was able to reduce the computational time by a large percentage which reached up to 88% of the time needed by the basis and traditional scheme, without significant adverse effect on the workability of the basis algorithm. Moreover, the proposed path planning algorithm has improved the path efficiency, in terms of the path length and trackability, challenging the traditional trade-off between swiftness and path efficiency.
Novel 1,2,4-triazole and Purine Acyclic Cyclopropane Nucleoside Analogues: Synthesis, Antiviral and Cytostatic Activity Evaluations (2011)

The lack of antiherpetic activity may be due to poor, if any, recognition of the compounds by virus-induced nucleoside kinases as an alternative substrate to become metabolically activated.
Iridium-catalyzed polymerization of benzoic acids and internal diynes: a new route for constructing high molecular weight polynaphthalenes without the constraint of monomer stoichiometry (2017)

A green and powerful polymerization tool for constructing functional multisubstituted polynaphthalenes without strict control on monomer stoichiometry.