gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Case 1-2002 (2002)

Presentation of CaseA 24-year-old woman was admitted to the Travel and Tropical Medicine Center at this hospital because of edema and intermittent paresthesias of the right leg.The patient was a volunteer with the Peace Corps. She had traveled to Gabon, Africa, 31 months before admission and while stationed there was involved in research on pisciculture, which required considerable exposure to fresh water. During her stay in Africa she traveled to São Tomé and Príncipe, South Africa, Togo, Ghana, and Zimbabwe. She felt well during her stay except for a possible episode of malaria, for which she received quinine, . . .
Image contrast enhancement for two-photon fluorescence microscopy in a turbid medium (1998)

Image contrast enhancement is investigated for two-photon excitation fluorescence images of a microscopic sample that is buried underneath a turbid medium. The image contrast, which deteriorates rapidly with sample depth because of scattering loss, is enhanced by an increase in the average excitation power of the focused Gaussian (the TEM(00) mode) beam according to a compensation relation that has been derived by use of a Monte Carlo analysis of the scattering problem. A correct increase in the excitation power results in a detected fluorescence signal that remains invariant with sample depth. The scheme is demonstrated on images of DAPI-stained nuclei cells viewed underneath a suspension of 0.105-mum-diameter polystyrene spheres.
Simulation of Reconstructed Holographic Images Considering Optical Phase Distribution in Small Liquid Crystal Pixels (2017)

We proposed the simulation method of reconstructed holographic images in considering phase distribution in the small pixels of liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) and clarified zero-order diffraction appeared on the reconstructed images when the phase distribution in a single pixel is non-uniform. These results are useful for design of fine LC-SLM for realizing wide-viewing-angle holographic displays.
Algebraic recurrence formulae for matrix elements between the solutions of the transformed Jacobi eigenequation (1989)

The algebraic recursive determination of matrix elements of some selected families of functions Q1(x) between the solutions Psi jm(x) of factorisable equations is reinvestigated. The possibilities of the procedure outlined in a previous paper are enlarged by using the connection between factorisation types, i.e. the different possible factorisations of the same differential equation. The computation of matrix elements between the Jacobi eigenfunctions Psi jm(x) approximately=(sin(ax/2))alpha +1/2 (cos(ax/2))beta +12/Pv( alpha , beta )(cos ax), where a is a real or pure imaginary constant, is studied in detail. Algebraic recurrence formulae satisfied by matrix elements of Qt(x)=(cos(ax/2))p(sin(ax/2))q(tan(ax/2))t, Qt(x)=(sin(ax))p(tan(ax))q(cos(ax))t, Qt(x)= Psi jt(x) and Qt(x)= Psi tm(x) are given, and, for the particular cases Qt(x)=(tan(ax/2))t and Qt(x)=(cos ax)t, closed-form expressions are obtained. As an illustrative application, it is briefly shown how the expressions can serve to derive analytical approximations of the bound-state energies for the potential V(x)=A exp(-x2)-l(l+1)/x2. Some further applications are pointed out.
Study of AgLiLSX for Single-Stage High-Purity Oxygen Production (2014)

Commercial adsorbents do not exhibit argon/oxygen equilibrium selectivity above 1. However, in the past decade, Air Products and Chemicals developed an argon/oxygen selective silver-based zeolite, AgLiLSX. In this contribution, the authors studied and characterized the AgLiLSX adsorbent to provide fundamental data to evaluate its potential for high-purity oxygen production in a single-stage PSA unit. Oxygen, nitrogen, and argon adsorption isotherms and breakthroughs curves were obtained, and moderate equilibrium selectivity (αN2/O2 = 4.98 and αAr/O2 = 1.14 at 1 bar and 25 °C), high working capacity (0.45 mol·kg–1 for nitrogen, between 1.4 and 0.2 bar at 25 °C), and superior performance were observed. The authors concluded that this adsorbent can allow the production of a 95+% oxygen stream in a single-stage PSA operation.
The peculiar behavior of high-energy particles affected by an interplanetary shock wave (2000)

An energetic proton event was observed at a geosynchronous orbit nearly at the same time as an interplanetary shock wave reached the Earth's magnetosphere, which indicates that these two events interacted with each other during their passage to Earth. The behavior of the energetic protons is not explained by the shock acceleration mechanism since no enhancement of the proton flux occurred before the shock wave passage. Taking into account that a solar flare occurred at a well-connected position before the proton event, this flare is a candidate for the origin of the high-energy protons. However, the delay time for the propagation of the energetic particles was too long if those particles were ejected during that solar flare. In this paper, we show that the peculiar behavior of high-energy particles can be explained by the following scenario. The protons produced during a proton flare that occurred after the CME catch up with the CME, enter the turbulent region behind the shock wave, are scattered by an irregular magnetic field there, that is, the Fermi acceleration, and are captured in the turbulent region behind the shock wave. We estimate the increment of the momentum of the protons through the acceleration process and show that the acceleration mechanism considered explains these events. In our scenario, the proton arrival time may be delayed when a coronal mass ejection occurs before the energetic proton event.
Ecrg4 Attenuates the Inflammatory Proliferative Response of Mucosal Epithelial Cells to Infection (2013)

We report an inverse relationship between expression of the orphan candidate tumor suppressor gene esophageal cancer related gene 4 (Ecrg4), and the mucosal epithelial cell response to infection in the middle ear (ME). First, we found constitutive Ecrg4 mRNA expression in normal, quiescent ME mucosa that was confirmed by immunostainning of mucosal epithelial cells and immunoblotting of tissue lysates for the 14 kDa Ecrg4 protein. Upon experimental ME infection, Ecrg4 gene expression rapidly decreased by over 80%, between 3 to 48 hrs, post infection. When explants of this infected mucosa were placed in culture and transduced with an adenovirus (AD) encoding Ecrg4 gene (ADEcrg4), the proliferative and migratory responses of mucosal cells were significantly inhibited. ADEcrg4 transduction of control explants from uninfected MEs had no effect on basal growth and migration. Over-expression of Ecrg4 in vivo, by pre-injecting MEs with ADEcrg4 48 hrs prior to infection, prevented the natural down-regulation of Ecrg4, reduced mucosal proliferation and prevented inflammatory cell infiltration normally observed after infection. Taken together, these data support a hypothesis that Ecrg4 plays a role in coordinating the inflammatory and proliferative response to infection of mucosal epithelium suggesting a possible mechanism for its putative anti-tumor activity.
Aerodynamic grain‐size distribution of blown sand (2018)

Abstract Aeolian sand entrainment, saltation and deposition are important and closely related near surface processes. Determining how grains are sorted by wind requires a detailed understanding of how aerodynamic sand transport processes vary within the saltating layer with height above the bed. Grain‐size distribution of sand throughout the saltation layer and, in particular, how the associated flux of different grain size changes with variation in wind velocity, remain unclear. In the present study, a blowdown wind tunnel with a 50 cm thick boundary layer was used to investigate saltating sand grains by analyzing the weight percentage and transport flux of different grain‐size fractions and the mean grain size at different wind velocities. It was found that mean grain size decreases with height above the sand bed before undergoing a reversal. The height of the reversal point ranges from 4 to 40 cm, and increases with wind velocity following a non‐linear relationship. The content of the finer fractions (very fine and fine sand) initially increases above the sand bed and then decreases slightly with height, whereas that of the coarser fractions (medium and coarse sand) exhibits the opposite trend. The content of coarser grains and the mean grain size of sand in the saltation layer increase with wind velocity, indicating erosional selectivity with respect to grains in multi‐sized sand beds; but this size selectivity decreases with increasing wind velocity. The vertical mass flux structure of fine sand and very fine sand does not obey a general exponential decay pattern under strong wind conditions; and the coarser the sand grain, the greater the decrease rate of their transport mass with height. The results of these experiments suggest that the grain‐size distribution of a saltating sand cloud is governed by both wind velocity and height within the near‐surface boundary layer.
Comparison of Halbach Rotors with Other PM Structures (2019)

Different options of placing permanent magnets into a rotor are studied in a case of a permanent magnet synchronous motor. Rotors with permanent magnets in Halbach structures are compared with more conventional rotors in a 100 kW traction motor application. A rotor-surface-magnet motor is compared with four distinct interior magnet and Halbach rotor designs. One design is a full Halbach rotor, in which the whole rotor is structured from segmented magnets polarized in several directions. As a result, no iron core in the rotor is needed. Surface magnet Halbach and embedded partial Halbach structures are also introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of applying Halbach structures and especially interior magnets in a permanent magnet motor are investigated in detail. It is shown that the partial Halbach type with slightly embedded magnets can improve the maximum available torque without a considerable increase in material consumption.
Colitis and colonic mucosal barrier dysfunction. (1995)

Trauma, infection, neoplasia, and inflammation can all disrupt the intact intestinal mucosal barrier to intraluminal bacteria and bacterial antigens. This study investigated the relation between colonic inflammation and colonic mucosal barrier function in three experimental models of colitis. There were significantly increased systemic endotoxin concentrations in rats with acetic acid (7.5 (1.7-119.5) pg/ml), ethanol (13.7 (0-111.2) pg/ml), and hapten induced (14.4 (5-31.1) pg/ml) colitis compared with saline controls (3.3 (0-13.7) pg/ml). Data expressed as median (range). There were significant correlations between the systemic endotoxin concentration and both the severity of colitis and of illness in acetic acid induced colitis. A significant increase in colonic permeability to 14C-polyethylene glycol was shown in rats with acetic acid (3.42 (1.36-5.63)%) and hapten induced colitis (2.86 (1.03-8.10)%) compared with saline controls (1.20 (0.67-1.36)%). Data expressed as median (range) of percentage of the intracolonic bolus excreted in urine. There was a significant positive correlation between the severity of colitis and % colonic permeability to 14C-polyethylene glycol. This and other studies provide evidence that mucosal barrier dysfunction is a feature of colitis irrespective of aetiology or species. Such barrier dysfunction may be responsible for the systemic inflammatory response and complications seen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Augenverletzungen durch Airbag (1998)

The airbag is certainly a lifesaving device in modern passenger vehicles. Nevertheless severe eye injuries can be caused by these devices. Further research and development concerning the volume of the inflating gas, the size of the airbag as well as the speed of the vehicle at which the airbag is activated, should be continued.
Design, construction, and testing of a fingertip tactile display for interaction with virtual and remote environments (1990)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1990.
Metamorphic InGaAs Quantum Well Laser Diodes at 1.5μm on GaAs Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2009)

We report a 1.5-μm InGaAs/GaAs quantum well laser diode grown by molecular beam epitaxy on InGaAs metamorphic buffers. At 150K, for a 1500 × 10 μm2 ridge waveguide laser, the lasing wavelength is centred at 1.508 μm and the threshold current density is 667 A/cm2 under pulsed operation. The pulsed lasers can operate up to 286 K.
Identification of HER-2/neu peptide p373-382 as a naturally processed immunodominant HLA-A2 binding epitope (46.11) (2012)

Abstract HER2 is a prime target for cancer therapeutics due to its high overexpression in tumors. Advanced clinical trials, in breast and prostate cancer, investigating the use of the HLA-A2-binding HER2 peptide p369-377 (E75) as a vaccine are ongoing. In the present study, we investigated the proteasomal processing of p369-377 and other epitopes from HER2. We did not detect processing of p369-377 by either the proteasome or immunoproteasome in vitro, suggesting that tumor cells do not naturally process this epitope from HER2 for presentation on HLA-A2. However, other HER2 peptides were found to be consistently processed by the proteasome and immunoproteasome. One newly identified processed peptide, HER2 p373-382, was found to bind HLA-A2 stronger than p369-377, despite algorithms that predicted p369-377 as a stronger binder. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for p373-382 recognized target cells pulsed with either p373-382 or p369-377. CTL specific for p373-382 also lysed HER2+HLA-A2+ human breast cancer cells more efficiently than p369-377-specific CTL. These results suggest that cancer cells are naturally processing and presenting p373-382. Furthermore, our results suggest that T cells generated against p369-377 in previous studies may have been cross-reacting with p373-382. Thus, the newly identified p373-382 peptide may be a more appropriate candidate for vaccines with this new evidence that it is processed and presented by HLA-A2 for recognition by HER2-specific CTL.
MiR-422a promotes adipogenesis via MeCP2 downregulation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (2023)

Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a ubiquitous transcriptional regulator. The study of this protein has been mainly focused on the central nervous system because alterations of its expression are associated with neurological disorders such as Rett syndrome. However, young patients with Rett syndrome also suffer from osteoporosis, suggesting a role of MeCP2 in the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs), the precursors of osteoblasts and adipocytes. Here, we report an in vitro downregulation of MeCP2 in hBMSCs undergoing adipogenic differentiation (AD) and in adipocytes of human and rat bone marrow tissue samples. This modulation does not depend on MeCP2 DNA methylation nor on mRNA levels but on differentially expressed miRNAs during AD. MiRNA profiling revealed that miR-422a and miR-483-5p are upregulated in hBMSC-derived adipocytes compared to their precursors. MiR-483-5p, but not miR-422a, is also up-regulated in hBMSC-derived osteoblasts, suggesting a specific role of the latter in the adipogenic process. Experimental modulation of intracellular levels of miR-422a and miR-483-5p affected MeCP2 expression through direct interaction with its 3' UTR elements, and the adipogenic process. Accordingly, the knockdown of MeCP2 in hBMSCs through MeCP2-targeting shRNA lentiviral vectors increased the levels of adipogenesis-related genes. Finally, since adipocytes released a higher amount of miR-422a in culture medium compared to hBMSCs we analyzed the levels of circulating miR-422a in patients with osteoporosis-a condition characterized by increased marrow adiposity-demonstrating that its levels are negatively correlated with T- and Z-scores. Overall, our findings suggest that miR-422a has a role in hBMSC adipogenesis by downregulating MeCP2 and its circulating levels are associated with bone mass loss in primary osteoporosis.
Annexin VI Participates in the Formation of a Reversible, Membrane-Cytoskeleton Complex in Smooth Muscle Cells (1999)

The plasmalemma of smooth muscle cells is periodically banded. This arrangement ensures efficient transmission of contractile activity, via the firm, actin-anchoring regions, while the more elastic caveolae-containing "hinge" regions facilitate rapid cellular adaptation to changes in cell length. Since cellular mechanics are undoubtedly regulated by components of the membrane and cytoskeleton, we have investigated the potential role played by annexins (a family of phospholipid- and actin-binding, Ca(2+)-regulated proteins) in regulating sarcolemmal organization. Stimulation of smooth muscle cells elicited a relocation of annexin VI from the cytoplasm to the plasmalemma. In smooth, but not in striated muscle extracts, annexins II and VI coprecipitated with actomyosin and the caveolar fraction of the sarcolemma at elevated Ca(2+) concentrations. Recombination of actomyosin, annexins, and caveolar lipids in the presence of Ca(2+) led to formation of a structured precipitate. Participation of all 3 components was required, indicating that a Ca(2+)-dependent, cytoskeleton-membrane complex had been generated. This association, which occurred at physiological Ca(2+) concentrations, corroborates our biochemical fractionation and immunohistochemical findings and suggests that annexins play a role in regulating sarcolemmal organization during smooth muscle contraction.
eChain: A Blockchain-Enabled Ecosystem for Electronic Device Authenticity Verification (2021)

Counterfeit electronic devices can cause a significant revenue loss and brand value damage to the original component manufacturers (OCM). In addition, they can instigate serious safety and security issues in critical military and space applications. These devices can be injected by untrusted entities in the supply chain, such as outsourced foundries, distributors, PCB assemblers, and system integrators. Existing methods for device authenticity verification are either destructive, require an advanced electrical test or physical inspection infrastructure. Furthermore, the existing database query-based verification systems by OCMs provide an illusion of authenticity verification by looking for a device record in their online system. In reality, a customer may have bought a cloned or recycled copy of an electronic device and may find a valid record in the OCM verification system. This paper presents a blockchain-centric solution to address these limitations to verify electronic devices. A detailed study is presented to transform an existing supply chain into a trustworthy distributed ledger framework called <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eChain</i> (electronic Chain). <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eChain</i> generates device provenance records from blockchain that users can utilize to classify authentic and counterfeit ICs. A fully functional prototype of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eChain</i> is developed to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed solution.
A Baseline and Vision of Ultrasonic Guided Wave Inspection Potential (2002)

Ultrasonic guided wave inspection is expanding rapidly to many different areas of manufacturing and in-service inspection. The purpose of this paper is to provide a vision of ultrasonic guided wave inspection potential as we move forward into the new millennium. An increased understanding of the basic physics and wave mechanics associated with guided wave inspection has led to an increase in practical nondestructive evaluation and inspection problems. Some fundamental concepts and a number of different applications that are currently being considered will be presented in the paper along with a brief description of the sensor and software technology that will make ultrasonic guided wave inspection commonplace in the next century.
Release of 1‐Methylcyclopropene from Heat‐Pressed Polymer Films (2007)

Gaseous 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is an inhibitor of ethylene perception that is being used extensively for apples and ornamental products, and under intensive investigation for its potential benefits for other fruits and vegetables. 1-MCP is currently used in closed environments that maintain stable concentrations for several hours in order to be effective. However, food packaging materials that release 1-MCP at a predictable rate into the package headspace might be useful for application in inhibiting the deleterious effects of ethylene in the postharvest packaging and storage of some horticultural products. A 1-MCP/alpha-cyclodextrin (1-MCP-cd) complex was incorporated into several common packaging films by heat-pressing (dry-blend, lamination) and solution-casting methods. The release of 1-MCP from the films was quantified by gas chromatography with respect to time, loading of 1-MCP, temperature, relative humidity (RH), type of film, and film-forming method. Release of 1-MCP was rapid and high in films held at RH >/= 75%. The rate of release was slow during the 1st 12 h and then increased during the next 24 to 36 h. Higher temperatures resulted in higher and faster release. A loading of 8 mg of 1-MCP-cd per 140 mg of polymer was found to be optimal. Pressing 1-MCP-cd containing films above 100 degrees C reduced the amount of 1-MCP remaining in the film. Incorporation into LDPE resulted in a higher and faster release than from PS, PVC, and PP polymers. 1-MCP release from a film matrix appears to be within the acceptable range for produce packaging applications.
Photonic crystal enhanced silicon cell based thermophotovoltaic systems (2015)

We report the design, optimization, and experimental results of large area commercial silicon solar cell based thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion systems. Using global non-linear optimization tools, we demonstrate theoretically a maximum radiative heat-to-electricity efficiency of 6.4% and a corresponding output electrical power density of 0.39 W cm(-2) at temperature T = 1660 K when implementing both the optimized two-dimensional (2D) tantalum photonic crystal (PhC) selective emitter, and the optimized 1D tantalum pentoxide - silicon dioxide PhC cold-side selective filter. In addition, we have developed an experimental large area TPV test setup that enables accurate measurement of radiative heat-to-electricity efficiency for any emitter-filter-TPV cell combination of interest. In fact, the experimental results match extremely well with predictions of our numerical models. Our experimental setup achieved a maximum output electrical power density of 0.10W cm(-2) and radiative heat-to-electricity efficiency of 1.18% at T = 1380 K using commercial wafer size back-contacted silicon solar cells.
Short Communication: Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Impairs Angiogenic Progenitor Cell Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Through a MicroRNA-21–Dependent Mechanism (2010)

We identified a novel miR-21-dependent mechanism of ADMA-mediated APC dysfunction. MiR-21 antagonism therefore emerges as an interesting strategy to improve dysfunctional APCs in patients with coronary artery disease.