gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic Reconstruction of the Irreparable Acetabular Labrum: A Match‐Controlled Study (2018)

 No background, no introduction, no hypothesis  Should be specific, precise o METHODS  If prospective study (prospective study design and conduct), then the number of subjects (and relevant demographics [e.g.age, sex]) reported in Methods. If retrospective study (retrospective analysis of study participants -this includes retrospective analysis of prospectively-collected data), then number of subjects reported in Results  If cadaver study, then number of specimens reported in Methods  Include all main inclusion and exclusion criteria relative to study Purpose  No commercial/industry/proprietary names unless exceptional reason(s)  Brief description of pertinent statistical methods o RESULTS  Directly answer the primary purpose(s)  Results pertinent to primary (and relevant secondary or exploratory) outcome  Mean +/-standard deviation  Statistically significant findings should be stated with exact p-values (e.g.p=0.03, p=0.43, etc.) with 95% confidence intervals, not < or > (only exception p<0.001)  If a result is statistically significant, then its clinically relevance, when applicable, should be stated o MCID (minimal clinically important difference), SCB (substantial clinical benefit), and PASS (patient acceptable symptom state) are a few examples of clinical relevance  If a result is not statistically significant, then a power analysis (a priori or post-hoc) will reduce the risk of beta error.o A post-hoc power analysis determines what sample size would be required for the non-significant results to be significant.Avoid calculating observed power.If the results fail to reach statistical significance, an observed power calculation will confirm what is already known-the study is underpowered.o CONCLUSIONS  State the most important finding(s) of your study based on your data, results, findings, outcomes without opinion, overstatement, speculation, suggestion, or editorialization  If the statement is not based on the results of the study, it does not belong in Conclusions section  Conclusions in abstract should verbatim match the Conclusions in manuscript body. Only significant findings can be reported in Conclusions o LEVEL OF EVIDENCE  See Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Research journal 2018 update on level of evidence -WILL UPDATE ONCE AVAILABLE  Step 1: determine type of evidence (based on Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine -OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group.The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence)  Therapeutic: investigation of treatments (intervention, surgery, medicine) with a pre-and post-assessment of participants  Diagnostic: investigation of diagnostic tests (imaging, fluid analysis, physical examination); can assess accuracy (versus a gold standard)
Skeleton based action recognition with convolutional neural network (2015)

Temporal dynamics of postures over time is crucial for sequence-based action recognition. Human actions can be represented by the corresponding motions of articulated skeleton. Most of the existing approaches for skeleton based action recognition model the spatial-temporal evolution of actions based on hand-crafted features. As a kind of hierarchically adaptive filter banks, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) performs well in representation learning. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end hierarchical architecture for skeleton based action recognition with CNN. Firstly, we represent a skeleton sequence as a matrix by concatenating the joint coordinates in each instant and arranging those vector representations in a chronological order. Then the matrix is quantified into an image and normalized to handle the variable-length problem. The final image is fed into a CNN model for feature extraction and recognition. For the specific structure of such images, the simple max-pooling plays an important role on spatial feature selection as well as temporal frequency adjustment, which can obtain more discriminative joint information for different actions and meanwhile address the variable-frequency problem. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves the state-of-art performance with high computational efficiency, especially surpassing the existing result by more than 15 percentage on the challenging ChaLearn gesture recognition dataset.
Next‐generation sequencing: a change of paradigm in molecular diagnostic validation (2014)

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is beginning to show its full potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In particular, it is enunciating its capacity to contribute to a molecular taxonomy of cancer, to be used as a standard approach for diagnostic mutation detection, and to open new treatment options that are not exclusively organ-specific. If this is the case, how much validation is necessary and what should be the validation strategy, when bringing NGS into the diagnostic/clinical practice? This validation strategy should address key issues such as: what is the overall extent of the validation? Should essential indicators of test performance such as sensitivity of specificity be calculated for every target or sample type? Should bioinformatic interpretation approaches be validated with the same rigour? What is a competitive clinical turnaround time for a NGS-based test, and when does it become a cost-effective testing proposition? While we address these and other related topics in this commentary, we also suggest that a single set of international guidelines for the validation and use of NGS technology in routine diagnostics may allow us all to make a much more effective use of resources.
Amylase 함유 Alginic Acid Bead 제조 및 건조시간에 따른 품질특성 (2015)

In this study, it was observed that the quality properties by the drying time of the alginic acid beads containing amylase. Alginic acid beads were classified into six groups based on drying time (0, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 20 hours). The amylase activity from dried alginic acid beads showed the highest activities at 9 hours drying time. Raw alginic acid beads contain 94.63% moisture content. The increase in drying time caused a decrease in the moisture content. The L, a and b value of the dried alginic acid beads were highest at 20 hours drying time. Loose bulk density range from 0.4763 to 0.9001 g/cm3, while tapped compact density range from 0.5625 to 0.9375 g/cm3, respectively. Thermo gravimeteric analysis (TGA) showed a large weight loss with an on obvious heat adsorption is observed between 10~200oC, 200~300oC, 300~500oC and 500~1000oC. Storage stability used 10 hours and 11 hours drying alginic acid beads. The 11 hours drying beads result in 30 days amylase activity is 60.84%, it showed better results than the 10 hours drying alginic acid beads. In conclusion, it is considered to be appropriate in the food industry to use a hot-air dried for 11 hours.
PENGARUH LATIHAN MENGGUNAKAN BOLA TENIS TERHADAP KECEPATAN REAKSI DAN KONSENTRASI KIPER FUTSAL UNESA (2021)

Goalkeepers have a very big role in the game of futsal. The futsal attack and defense game starts from the goal keeper. A futsal goalkeeper must have good concentration and speed to play futsal. According to observations made by researchers, the obstacles that exist in the goalkeeper are the ability to react speed and concentration to catch the ball due to the lack of variation in training methods. Therefore, with the practice of using a tennis ball, a goalkeeper is expected to be able to practice skills, especially reaction speed and concentration in catching the ball well, which can support the quality of a futsal goalkeeper. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of training using a tennis ball on the reaction speed and concentration of futsal goalkeeper Unesa. This research is an experimental study using the One-Group Pretest-Posttest design. The population in this study were all male futsal goalkeepers Unesa, totaling 10 goalkeepers. The technique used to take samples is saturated sampling technique. Data analysis in this study used the normality test, homegeneity test, and test. Based on the results of the data analysis carried out, it was stated that there was a less significant increase from training using tennis balls on the reaction speed and concentration of the Unesa futsal goalkeeper as evidenced by a significance value of 0.011 &lt;0.05 and 0.000 &lt;0.05.
Flexible Transparent Electrode of Hybrid Ag-Nanowire/Reduced-Graphene-Oxide Thin Film on PET Substrate Prepared Using H2/Ar Low-Damage Plasma (2017)

We employ H₂/Ar low-damage plasma treatment (H₂/Ar-LDPT) to reduce graphene oxide (GO) coating on a polymer substrate-polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-with the assistance of atomic hydrogen (H<sub>α</sub>) at low temperature of 70 °C. Four-point probing and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy demonstrate that the conductivity and transmittance can be controlled by varying the H₂/Ar flow rate, treatment time, and radio-frequency (RF) power. Optical emission spectroscopy reveals that the H<sub>α</sub> intensity depends on these processing parameters, which influence the removal of oxidative functional groups (confirmed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) to yield reduced GO (rGO). To further improve the conductivity while maintaining high transmittance, we introduce silver nanowires (AgNWs) between rGO and a PET substrate to obtain a hybrid rGO/AgNWs/PET with a sheet resistance of ~100 Ω/sq and 81% transmittance. In addition, the hybrid rGO/AgNWs thin film also shows high flexibility and durability and is suitable for flexible and wearable electronics applications.
Advances in monitoring cerebral oxygenation (1996)

There are potential advantages for monitoring cerebral oxygenation in patients at risk of cerebral ischaemia. The two main methods currently available for measuring cerebral oxygenation, that is, near-infrared optical spectroscopy and jugular venous bulb oximetry, and the recently introduced microprobe electrodes, are discussed.
Merocyanine dyes for solution-processed organic bulk heterojunction solar cells (2011)

The technology of organic photovoltaics offers the possibility of low-cost devices due to easy fabrication procedures and low material consumption and at the same time high flexibility concerning the applied substrates or design features such as the color palette. Owing to these benefits, this research field is highly active, being reflected by the continuously rising number of publications. Chapter 1 gives an extensive overview of a part of these reports, namely the field of solution-processed BHJ organic solar cells using small molecules as electron-donating materials. In the early years of this research area (2006-2008), well known hole transporting materials such as triphenylamine based chromophores, oligothiophenes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons were applied. However, many of these dyes lacked absorption at longer wavelengths and were therefore limited in their light harvesting qualities. Later, chromophores based on low band gap systems consisting of electron-donating and electron-accepting units showing internal charge transfer overcame this handicap. Today, donor-substituted diketopyrrolopyrroles (D-A-D chromophores), squaraines (D-A-D chromophores) and acceptor substituted oligothiophenes (A-D-A chromophores) are among the most promising dyes for small molecule based organic solar cells with PCEs of 4-5%. This work is based on the findings of the groups of Wurthner and Meerholz, which tested merocyanine dyes for the first time in organic BHJ solar cells.4 According to the Bassler theory85, the high dipolarity of these dyes should hamper the charge transport, but the obtained first results with PCE of 1.7% proved the potenital of this class of dyes for this application. Merocyanine dyes offer the advantages of facile synthesis and purification, high tinctorial strength and monodispersity. Additionally, the electronic structure of the dyes, namely the absorption as well as the electrochemical properties, can be adjusted by using the right combination of donor and acceptor units. For these reasons, this class of dye is highly interesting for the application in organic solar cells. It was the aim of the thesis to build more knowledge about the potential and limitations of merocyanines in BHJ photovoltaic devices. By screening a variety of donor and acceptor groups a comprehensive data set both for the molecular materials as well as for the respective solar devices was generated and analyzed. As one focus, the arrangement of the chromophores in the solid state was investigated to gain insight about the packing in the solar cells and its relevance for the performance of the latter. To do so, X-ray single crystal analyses were performed for selected molecules. By means of correlations between molecular properties and the characteristics of the corresponding solar cells, several design rules to generate efficient chromophores for organic photovoltaics were developed. The different donor and acceptor moieties applied in this work are depicted in the following ...
Localization of Ryanodine Receptors in Smooth Muscle (1998)

The ryanodine receptor (RyR) in aortic and vas deferens smooth muscle was localized using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. Indirect immunofluorescent labeling of aortic smooth muscle with anti-RyR antibodies showed a patchy network-like staining pattern throughout the cell cytoplasm, excluding nuclei, in aortic smooth muscle and localized predominantly to the cell periphery in the vas deferens. This distribution is consistent with that of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) network, as demonstrated by electron micrographs of osmium ferrocyanide-stained SR in the two smooth muscles. Immunoelectron microscopy of vas deferens smooth muscle showed anti-RyR antibodies localized to both the sparse central and predominant peripheral SR elements. We conclude that RyR-Ca2+-release channels are present in both the peripheral and central SR in aortic and vas deferens smooth muscle. This distribution is consistent with the possibility that both regions are release sites, as indicated by results of electron probe analysis, which show a decrease in the Ca2+ content of both peripheral and internal SR in stimulated smooth muscles. The complex distribution of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and ryanodine receptors (present study) is compatible with their proposed roles as agonist-induced Ca2+-release channels and origins of Ca2+ sparks, Ca2+ oscillations, and Ca2+ waves.
Synergistic Action of Flt3 and gp130 Signalings in Human Hematopoiesis (1997)

We recently showed that c-kit signal synergizes with glycoprotein (gp)130 signal mediated by a complex of interleukin (IL)-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (IL-6/sIL-6R) to stimulate the expansion of human primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells and erythropoietin-independent erythropoiesis. In the present study, we examined the effect of a ligand for Flt3 (FL), whose receptor tyrosine kinase is closely related to c-kit, in combination with IL-6/sIL-6R on human hematopoiesis in vitro. In serum-containing methylcellulose clonal culture of cord blood CD34(+) cells, whereas FL alone stimulated only granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony formation, erythroid bursts and mixed colonies in addition to GM colonies were induced by FL with IL-6/sIL-6R, but not IL-6/sIL-6R alone. In suspension culture, CD34(+) cells generated a small number of myeloid cells in the presence of FL or IL-6/sIL-6R alone. However, the addition of IL-6/sIL-6R to the culture with FL induced the generation of a significant number of erythroid cells and megakaryocytes in addition to myeloid cells. The combination of FL and IL-6/sIL-6R also induced a remarkable expansion of GM colony- and erythroid burst-forming cells and multipotential progenitors, although FL or IL-6/sIL-6R alone induced the generation of only a small number of progenitors for GM colonies. The synergistic effects of FL and IL-6/sIL-6R were confirmed in serum-free clonal and suspension cultures. In addition, the addition of anti-human gp130 monoclonal antibodies abrogated the synergistic action. These results indicate that Flt3 signal, as well as c-kit signal, synergizes with gp130 signal to stimulate human myelopoiesis, erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, and the expansion of primitive multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cells.
The Effects of Cold Gas Injection on a Confined Arc Column (1980)

This paper considers the interaction of a thermal argon arc plasma confined in a relatively long water-cooled cylindrical tube with a cold argon flow injected radially into the tube through a circumferential slit. An analytical model is established to predict the thermal, the fluiddynamic, as well as the electrical behavior, of such an arc assuming laminar flow and Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) of the arc plasma. Numerical solutions for the field variables are obtained by solving simultaneously the mass, momentum, energy, and charge conservation equations by an iterative finite difference method. The results show that the arc column becomes constricted at the location of gas injection due to thermal and fluiddynamic effects associated with the injected cold flow. The arc responds to the constriction by an increase of the temperature in the core region which resists the penetration of the cold flow into the arc. This penetration remains relatively small even at high injection ratios because the arc temperature and, therefore, the resistance to flow penetration increases with increasing injection ratio. The enhanced Joule heating in the injection region leads to a minor thermal expansion of the base flow which can be observed upstream of the injection slit. This effect becomes less pronounced as the injection mass flow rate increases.
Cloud and surface textural features in polar regions (1990)

The study examines the textural signatures of clouds, ice-covered mountains, solid and broken sea ice and floes, and open water. The textural features are computed from sum and difference histogram and gray-level difference vector statistics defined at various pixel displacement distances derived from Landsat multispectral scanner data. Polar cloudiness, snow-covered mountainous regions, solid sea ice, glaciers, and open water have distinguishable texture features. This suggests that textural measures can be successfully applied to the detection of clouds over snow-covered mountains, an ability of considerable importance for the modeling of snow-melt runoff. However, broken stratocumulus cloud decks and thin cirrus over broken sea ice remain difficult to distinguish texturally. It is concluded that even with high spatial resolution imagery, it may not be possible to distinguish broken stratocumulus and thin clouds from sea ice in the marginal ice zone using the visible channel textural features alone.
Formation of 1,4-Disilyl-2-butenes from Vinyl Grignard Reagent and Chlorosilanes Catalyzed by a Titanocene Complex (2001)

Symmetrical 1,4-disilyl-2-butenes 1 have been prepared by the reaction of vinyl Grignard reagent with chlorosilanes. This reaction proceeds efficiently in the presence of a catalytic amount of titanocene dichloride at 0 degrees C in THF. When dichlorodiphenylsilane was used, 1,1-diphenyl-1-silacyclo-3-pentene 2 was obtained in a good yield.
Precise Genome Modification via Sequence-Specific Nucleases-Mediated Gene Targeting for Crop Improvement (2016)

Genome editing technologies enable precise modifications of DNA sequences <i>in vivo</i> and offer a great promise for harnessing plant genes in crop improvement. The precise manipulation of plant genomes relies on the induction of DNA double-strand breaks by sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) to initiate DNA repair reactions that are based on either non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR). While complete knock-outs and loss-of-function mutations generated by NHEJ are very valuable in defining gene functions, their applications in crop improvement are somewhat limited because many agriculturally important traits are conferred by random point mutations or indels at specific loci in either the genes' encoding or promoter regions. Therefore, genome modification through SSNs-mediated HDR for gene targeting (GT) that enables either gene replacement or knock-in will provide an unprecedented ability to facilitate plant breeding by allowing introduction of precise point mutations and new gene functions, or integration of foreign genes at specific and desired "safe" harbor in a predefined manner. The emergence of three programmable SSNs, such as zinc finger nucleases, transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) systems has revolutionized genome modification in plants in a more controlled manner. However, while targeted mutagenesis is becoming routine in plants, the potential of GT technology has not been well realized for traits improvement in crops, mainly due to the fact that NHEJ predominates DNA repair process in somatic cells and competes with the HDR pathway, and thus HDR-mediated GT is a relative rare event in plants. Here, we review recent research findings mainly focusing on development and applications of precise GT in plants using three SSNs systems described above, and the potential mechanisms underlying HDR events in plant cells. We then address the challenges and propose future perspectives in order to facilitate the implementation of precise genome modification through SSNs-mediated GT for crop improvement in a global context.
Performance Evaluation of Trellis-Coded Vector Quantization (2005)

We propose a new construction of trellis-coded vector quantizers (TCVQs), based upon our construction of trellis-coded quantizers (TCQs). The new construction yields TCVQs with a higher performance and is simpler than the previous construction given in [1]. The performances of the new TCVQs have been determined for the memoryless Gaussian, Laplacian, and uniform sources. The experiments that have been performed for various computational complexities and vector dimensions show that, at a constant rate and complexity, the performances of the TCVQs decrease as the dimension increases. Thus, for memoryless sources, at the same rate and computational complexity, our TCQs are superior to our TCVQs.