gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supercontinuum generation in heavy-metal oxide glass based suspended-core photonic crystal fibers (2018)

In this paper we investigate supercontinuum generation in several suspended-core soft-glass photonic crystal fibers pumped by an optical parametric oscillator tunable around 1550&#x00A0;nm. The fibers were drawn from lead-bismuth-gallium-cadmium-oxide glass (PBG-81) featuring a wide transmission window from 0.5 to 2.7&#x00A0;&#x03BC;m and a high nonlinear refractive index up to 4.3&#x00B7;1019&#x2009;&#x2009;m2/W. They have been specifically designed with a microscale suspended hexagonal core for efficient supercontinuum generation around 1550&#x00A0;nm. We experimentally demonstrate two supercontinuum spectra spanning from 1.07 to 2.31&#x00A0;&#x03BC;m and 0.89 to 2.46&#x00A0;&#x03BC;m by pumping two PCFs in both normal and anomalous dispersion regimes, respectively. We also numerically model the group velocity dispersion curves for these fibers from their scanning electron microscope images. The results are in good agreement with numerical simulations based on the generalized nonlinear Schr&#x00F6;dinger equation including the pump frequency chirp.
Synthesis of the human insulin gene. Part III1. Chemical synthesis of 5′-phosphomonoester group containing deoxyribooligonucleotides by the modified phosphotriester method. Its application in the synthesis of seventeen fragments constituting human insulin C-chain DNA (1980)

A method for phosphorylating a protected deoxyribooligonucleotide containing phosphotriester linkages is described. The modified phosphotriester method of chemical synthesis is further refined in terms of (i) better final deblocking conditions and (ii) new chromatography solvent systems containing acetone-water-ethyl acetate to yield pure oligomers. The effectiveness of these improvements has been demonstrated in the rapid and efficient synthesis of seventeen fragments constituting the sequence of human insulin C-chain DNA.
Large Language Models in Machine Translation (2007)

This paper reports on the benefits of largescale statistical language modeling in machine translation. A distributed infrastructure is proposed which we use to train on up to 2 trillion tokens, resulting in language models having up to 300 billion n-grams. It is capable of providing smoothed probabilities for fast, single-pass decoding. We introduce a new smoothing method, dubbed Stupid Backoff, that is inexpensive to train on large data sets and approaches the quality of Kneser-Ney Smoothing as the amount of training data increases. 1
Comparative analysis of mutations in the p53 and K‐ras genes in pancreatic cancer (1994)

Mutations in codon 12 of K-ras occur in a high proportion of pancreatic cancer cases. Although there is evidence that p53 mutations also occur in this tumor, few studies have been reported to date and no comparison has been made of K-ras and p53 mutations in the same tissues. Single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing of the PCR products were used to determine mutations in p53 gene; to detect mutations in K-ras genes, the artificial restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) approach was used. Eight out of 30 tissues from primary pancreas cancer and 3 of 4 samples from metastases showed p53 mutations. Fifteen out of 17 pancreatic cancer cell lines had p53 mutations. In 2 cases, the same p53 mutation was identified in the original tumor and in a tumor-derived cell line. The majority of p53 mutations were present in exons 5-9 of the gene. Mutations at codon 12 of the K-ras gene were identified in 23/32 pancreas cancer tissues and in 14/17 cell lines. There was no relationship between the types of mutation observed in the 2 genes. In conclusion, mutations in K-ras and p53 genes are common in pancreatic cancer. p53 mutations may occur more frequently in metastatic lesions than in primary tumors, although further work is necessary to investigate this point.
ChemInform Abstract: The Crystal Structure of the New Perovskite Na4BaxFe4‐xF12 (x = 0.84). (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimization of instrument matrix for Mueller matrix ellipsometry based on partial elements analysis of the Mueller matrix (2017)

We consider the Mueller matrix ellipsometry (MME) measuring the ellipsometric parameters of the isotropic sample and the anisotropic sample under certain conditions in the presence of either Gaussian additive noise or Poisson shot noise. In this case, the ellipsometric parameters only relate to partial elements in Mueller matrix, and we optimize the instrument matrices of polarization state generator (PSG) and analyzer (PSA) to minimize the total measurement variance for these elements, in order to decrease the variance of the estimator of ellipsometric parameters. Compared with the previous instrument matrices, the optimal instrument matrices in this paper can effectively decrease the measurement variance and thus statistically improve the measurement precision of the ellipsometric parameters. In addition, it is found that the optimal instrument matrices for Poisson shot noise are same to those for Gaussian additive noise, and furthermore, the optimal instrument matrices do not depend on the ellipsometric parameters to be measured, which means that the optimal instrument matrices of MME proposed in this paper can be widely applied in various cases.
A 3p21.3 region is preferentially eliminated from human chromosome 3/mouse microcell hybrids during tumor growth in SCID mice (1997)

We have previously shown that four markers spanning the 3p24-p21.3 region, THRB, AP20R, D3S1029, and D3S32, were regularly eliminated from three human chromosome 3 (chr3)/mouse microcell hybrids (MCHs) during tumor growth in SCID mice. In an attempt to narrow down the eliminated region, we have studied 22 new SCID mouse tumors derived from 5 MCH lines carrying human chr3. They were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Southern blotting, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MCHs that carried human chr1, chr8, chr13, and chr17 were examined as controls. We could identify a common eliminated region (CER) at 3p21.3, bordered distally by D3S1260 and proximally by D3S643/D3F15S2. Eight of 53 chr3-specific PCR markers, AP20R, D3S966, D3S3559, D3S1029, WI-7947, D3S2354, AFMb362wb9, and D3S32. were localized within the CER. This finding is consistent with the notion that a tumor suppressor gene may be located in this area, as suggested by frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) within this region observed in several types of solid tumors.
Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii Isolates in Free-Range Chickens From Portugal (2006)

The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gondii in 225 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Portugal was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) and found in 61 chickens with titers of 1:5 in 8, 1:10 in 6, 1:20 in 3, 1:40 in 23, 1:80 in 5, 1:160 in 4, 1:320 in 8, and 1:640 or higher in 4. Hearts, leg muscles, and brains of 15 seropositive (MAT 1:10 or higher) chickens were bioassayed individually in mice. Tissue from 38 chickens with titers of 1:5 or less were pooled and fed to a T. gondii-free cat. Feces of the cat were examined for oocysts, but none was found. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 16 of 19 chickens with MAT titers of 1:10 or higher. Genotyping of 12 of these 16 isolates with polymorphisms at the SAG2 locus indicated that 4 were type III, and 8 were type II. None of the isolates was lethal for mice. Phenotypically, T. gondii isolates from chickens from Portugal were different from those of T. gondii isolates from chickens from Brazil.
Automated Quantitative Analysis of Tissue Microarrays Reveals an Association between High Bcl-2 Expression and Improved Outcome in Melanoma (2004)

The addition of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) antisense to dacarbazine in the treatment of metastatic melanoma demonstrates improved response rates and progression-free survival when compared with dacarbazine alone. Studies on small cohorts of melanoma patients have shown variability in Bcl-2 expression (60%-96% positive). We performed quantitative analysis of Bcl-2 expression in a large patient cohort to assess the association with outcome. Tissue microarrays containing intact melanoma specimens representing 402 patients (339 with associated survival data) were analyzed with our AQUA system for automated quantitative analysis. Automated, quantitative analysis uses S100 to define pixels as melanoma (tumor mask) within the array spot and measures intensity of Bcl-2 expression using a Cy5 conjugated antibody within the mask. A continuous index score is generated, which is directly proportional to the number of molecules per unit area. Scores were divided into quartiles and correlated with clinical variables. High Bcl-2 expression was associated with better outcome in the entire cohort and among metastatic specimens only (P = 0.004 and P = 0.015, respectively). Expression was higher in primary than in metastatic specimens (P < 0.0001). There was no association between Bcl-2 expression and Breslow depth or Clark level. The diverse results within the literature may be due to use of small cohorts or variability in staining technique. These results suggest studies are needed to evaluate the association between quantitative assessment of Bcl-2 expression and response to Bcl-2 targeting therapy toward the goal of improved response rates to these drugs.
Abstract 17402: Single Nuclei RNA-sequencing of Human Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Myectomy Samples Reveals Common Novel Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Targets Regardless of Genotype (2020)

Introduction: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited cardiovascular disease, often resulting in left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, relieved by surgical myectomy. Current treatments are largely palliative and do not target the root causes. Understanding the molecular drivers of the disease could lead to alternative treatment strategies through identification of novel therapeutic targets. Methods: We performed single nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) on thousands of nuclei from 9 patient myectomy samples and septal tissue from 4 unused donor hearts selected randomly without regard to genotype to identify the cell populations and determine the gene expression patterns in individual cells. Each sample was processed individually using Seurat v3 for quality control and normalization. Next, all 13 samples were integrated into a combined dataset for clustering and differential gene expression analysis to identify markers specific to each cluster and to assign cell identities. Results: Our results revealed several clusters of cardiomyocytes with differences in sarcomeric and metabolic gene expression. Several fibroblast populations were also observed. Numerous genes were differentially expressed between the HCM and normal samples. For example, RARRES1 expression was observed in many of the fibroblast populations in the normal samples, but was absent in the HCM samples. RARRES1 is involved in regulating fatty acid metabolism and autophagy, both of which are altered in HCM. Additionally, expression of PLA2G2A was absent in the HCM samples but was present in almost every cell type in the normal controls. PLA2G2A is involved in suppression of RTK mediated hypertrophic signaling, impacts lipid signaling, and has tumor suppressor properties. Thus, both RARRES1 and PLA2G2A may represent novel targets in HCM. Conclusions: This approach reveals novel potential therapeutic targets within common final HCM pathological pathways independent of genotype that have the potential to guide development of alternative treatment strategies. Further analysis of larger datasets using this approach will likely identify even more common pathway targets and identify additional common mechanisms in the pathogenesis of obstructive HCM.
Plasma Hemopexin Activity in Pregnancy and Preeclampsia (2007)

Enhanced hemopexin activity may be associated with normal pregnancy, but not with preeclampsia. Decreased hemopexin in pre-eclamptic patients may be due to enhanced plasma ATP, which is possibly promoted by diminished activity of vascular ecto-apyrase.
Bimetallic Metal-Organic Framework Mediated Synthesis of Ni-Co Catalysts for the Dry Reforming of Methane (2020)

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) involves the conversion of CO2 and CH4, the most important greenhouse gases, into syngas, a stoichiometric mixture of H2 and CO that can be further processed via Fischer–Tropsch chemistry into a wide variety of products. However, the devolvement of the coke resistant catalyst, especially at high pressures, is still hampering commercial applications. One of the relatively new approaches for the synthesis of metal nanoparticle based catalysts comprises the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as catalyst precursors. In this work we have explored MOF-74/CPO-27 MOFs as precursors for the synthesis of Ni, Co and bimetallic Ni-Co metal nanoparticles. Our results show that the bimetallic system produced through pyrolysis of a Ni-Co@CMOF-74 precursor displays the best activity at moderate pressures, with stable performance during at least 10 h at 700 °C, 5 bar and 33 L·h−1·g−1.
In vitroactivity of photoactivated disinfection using a diode laser in infected root canals (2014)

The bactericidal activity of PAD appears to be enhanced by serum proteins in vitro, but is limited to bacteria present within the root canal.
Transaldolase/Glucose-6-phosphate Isomerase Bifunctional Enzyme and Ribulokinase as Factors to Increase Xylitol Production fromD-Arabitol inGluconobacter oxydans (2003)

Xylitol production from D-arabitol by the membrane and soluble fractions of Gluconobacter oxydans was investigated. Two proteins in the soluble fraction were found to have the ability to increase xylitol production. Both of these xylitol-increasing factors were purified, and on the basis of their NH2-terminal amino acid sequences the genes encoding both of the factors were cloned. Expression of the cloned genes in Escherichia coli showed that one of the xylitol-increasing factors is the bifunctional enzyme transaldolase/glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, and the other is ribulokinase. Using membrane and soluble fractions of G. oxydans, 3.8 g/l of xylitol were produced from 10 g/l D-arabitol after incubation for 40 h, and addition of purified recombinant transaldolase/glucose-6-phosphate isomerase or ribulokinase increased xylitol to 5.4 g/l respectively, confirming the identity of the xylitol-increasing factors.
α-synuclein−lipoprotein interactions and elevated ApoE level in cerebrospinal fluid from Parkinson's disease patients (2019)

The progressive accumulation, aggregation, and spread of α-synuclein (αSN) are common hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology. Moreover, numerous proteins interact with αSN species, influencing its toxicity in the brain. In the present study, we extended analyses of αSN-interacting proteins to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Using coimmunoprecipitation, followed by mass spectrometry, we found that αSN colocalize with apolipoproteins on lipoprotein vesicles. We confirmed these interactions using several methods, including the enrichment of lipoproteins with a recombinant αSN, and the subsequent uptake of prepared vesicles by human dopaminergic neuronal-like cells. Further, we report an increased level of ApoE in CSF from early PD patients compared with matched controls in 3 independent cohorts. Moreover, in contrast to controls, we observed the presence of ApoE-positive neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra of PD patients. In conclusion, the cooccurrence of αSN on lipoprotein vesicles, and their uptake by dopaminergic neurons along with an increase of ApoE in early PD, proposes a mechanism(s) for αSN spreading in the extracellular milieu of PD.
Evaluation of human diaphragm fatigue (1982)

The time course of the frequency content of the electromyogram (EMG) was studied in the diaphragm of five normal subjects breathing through high inspiratory resistance. The ratio between the power content of a high-frequency band (150-350 Hz) (H) and a low-frequency band (20-40 Hz) (L) was calculated for each breath and expressed as a fraction of the initial breath. The rate of decay (when existent) was exponential and was quantified by measuring the time constant of decay of H/L (TF). Runs were held sustaining the ratio of inspiratory time to total breath cycle duration (TI/Ttot) from 0.2 to 1 and transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) of 0.1-0.8 of Pdimax. It was found that TF was monotonically related to Pdi X TI/Ttot, following a hyperbolic relationship. TF was compared with velocity of conduction of the myopotentials and with center frequency of the EMG power spectrum and found to follow similar trends showing, however, different absolute rate of change. The values of TF were found to be directly related to the time a given pattern could be sustained (Tlim). It is concluded that EMG changes and Tlim are related and are expressions of the metabolic changes induced by the contraction pattern.
System Virtualization Tools for Software Development (2009)

The configuration complexity of preproduction sites coupled with access-control mechanisms often impede the software development life cycle. Virtualization is a cost-effective way to remove such barriers and provide a test environment similar to the production site, reducing the burden in IT administrators. An Eclipse-based virtualization tool framework can offer developers a personal runtime environment for launching and testing their applications. The authors have followed a model-driven architecture (MDA) approach that integrates best-of-breed virtualization technologies, such as Xen and VDE.
Correction: One-step growth of isoreticular luminescent metal–organic frameworks on cotton fibers (2015)

Correction for ‘One-step growth of isoreticular luminescent metal–organic frameworks on cotton fibers’ by R. R. Ozer <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>RSC Adv.</italic>, 2015, <bold>5</bold>, 15198–15204.
A Markovian Waypoint Mobility Model with Application to Hotspot Modeling (2006)

In this paper we introduce a Markovian random waypoint model which allows us to create diverse mobility patterns in the given movement domain. The model allows adjusting random pause times and the momentary velocity. Furthermore, the distribution used to pick the next waypoint may depend on the current location, which allows, e.g., creation of typical routes. As an application for the Markovian random waypoint we consider modelling hotspots. There are several mechanisms which may be causing a hotspot and we present how the parameters of the proposed model can be adjusted accordingly to match the scenario in question. We further illustrate how two seemingly similar mobility patterns lead to highly different estimates of achievable performance levels. Finally, we show how the state of the MWP model can be initialised in simulations such that the node starts from the stationary state without any initial transient.
Sensitive detection of superconductivity by change in penetration depth of electromagnetic fields in thin metal foils (1979)

The modification of oscillator method for the detection of superconductivity is described. In this the specimen is a thin foil which covers the cylindrical core made from a ferromagnetic material. The apparatus has the advantage of a low working frequency (about 300 Hz) and a high percentage frequency change at the superconducting transition temperature.
Multifunctional fructans and raffinose family oligosaccharides (2013)

Fructans and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are the two most important classes of water-soluble carbohydrates in plants. Recent progress is summarized on their metabolism (and regulation) and on their functions in plants and in food (prebiotics, antioxidants). Interest has shifted from the classic inulin-type fructans to more complex fructans. Similarly, alternative RFOs were discovered next to the classic RFOs. Considerable progress has been made in the understanding of structure-function relationships among different kinds of plant fructan metabolizing enzymes. This helps to understand their evolution from (invertase) ancestors, and the evolution and role of so-called "defective invertases." Both fructans and RFOs can act as reserve carbohydrates, membrane stabilizers and stress tolerance mediators. Fructan metabolism can also play a role in osmoregulation (e.g., flower opening) and source-sink relationships. Here, two novel emerging roles are highlighted. First, fructans and RFOs may contribute to overall cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis by specific ROS scavenging processes in the vicinity of organellar membranes (e.g., vacuole, chloroplasts). Second, it is hypothesized that small fructans and RFOs act as phloem-mobile signaling compounds under stress. It is speculated that such underlying antioxidant and oligosaccharide signaling mechanisms contribute to disease prevention in plants as well as in animals and in humans.
Results of Palmar Plating of the Lunate Facet Combined With External Fixation for the Treatment of High-Energy Compression Fractures of the Distal Radius (2003)

Reduction and plating of the lunate facet in conjunction with standard external fixation permits: 1) visualization and reduction of the palmar lunate facet; and 2) reduction of palmar tilt to neutral tilt without significant radial shortening. This technique should be considered as an acceptable option in the treatment of high-energy fractures of the distal radius.
Gut Microbes: From Bugs to Drugs (2010)

A poorly appreciated truism is that the information contained within the mammalian genome is insufficient for full development of several organ systems, notably the gut, immune system, and other sensory organs. The required information is derived from the environment, including the microbial environment. This suggests that the microbiota is a source of regulatory signals, some of which may be suitable for exploitation for therapeutic purposes. Indeed, it could have been deduced from comparative studies of germ-free and conventionally colonized animals almost half a century ago that the gut microbiota influences the development and maturation of the digestive and immune systems. In some instances, the signals involved have recently been defined molecularly. This opens the possibility of a "bugs to drugs" program of discovery, in which the gut ecosystem is explored as a repository from which bioactives or novel drugs might be mined and translated to human health care. Specific examples of mining microbe-microbe interactions, host-microbe interactions, and host-microbe-dietary interactions have immediate clinical implications. The future of drug discovery in gastroenterology is likely to reside in the lumen!