gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress and prospects of innovative coal-fired power plants within the energy internet (2019)

The development of electrical engineering and electronic, communications, smart power grid, and ultra-high voltage transmission technologies have driven the energy system revolution to the next generation: the energy internet. Progressive penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources into the energy system has led to unprecedented challenges to the currently wide use of coal-fired power generation technologies. Here, the applications and prospects of advanced coal-fired power generation technologies are analyzed. These technologies can be summarized into three categories: (1) large-scale and higher parameters coal-fired power generation technologies, including 620/650/700 °C ultra-supercritical thermal power and double reheat ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generation technologies; (2) system innovation and specific, high- efficiency thermal cycles, which consist of renewable energy-aided coal-fired power generation technologies, a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle for coal-fired power plants, large-scale air-cooling coal-fired power plant technologies, and innovative layouts for waste heat utilization and enhanced energy cascade utilization; (3) coal-fired power generation combined with poly-generation technologies, which are represented by integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) technologies. Concerning the existing coal-fired power units, which are responsible for peak shaving, possible strategies for enhancing flexibility and operational stability are discussed. Furthermore, future trends for coal-fired power plants coupled with cyber-physical system (CPS) technologies are introduced. The development of advanced, coal-fired power generation technologies demonstrates the progress of science and is suitable for the sustainable development of human society.
Spiral reconstruction by regridding to a large rectilinear matrix: A practical solution for routine systems (1999)

Spiral trajectories offer a number of attractive features for fast imaging. A practical problem for the implementation on routine magnetic resonance scanners is the lack of appropriate and efficient reconstruction algorithms in the available scanner software. In this paper, a simple way to implement a spiral reconstruction algorithm is described that avoids the data interpolation required by gridding approaches commonly used. Using the optimized fast Fourier transform built into each scanner, it offers image reconstruction times of less than 1 second and thus allows the introduction of spiral imaging to routine scanners.
Long-term morphological, hormonal, and clinical follow-up in a single unit on 118 patients with adrenal incidentalomas (2010)

The risk of mass enlargement, hormonal, and metabolic impairment over time is globally low. Conservative management seems to be appropriate, but further prospective studies are needed to establish the long-term outcome of such patients, especially for metabolic status, cardiovascular risk profile and their relationship with endocrine function.
Tracing the biosynthetic origin of limonoids and their functional groups through stable isotope labeling and inhibition in neem tree (Azadirachta indica) cell suspension (2018)

Limonoid biosynthesis of neem tree and cell lines have been unraveled through comparative quantification of limonoids with that of neem tree and through <sup>13</sup>C limonoid isotopologues analysis. The undifferentiated cell lines of neem suspension produced a spectrum of C-seco limonoids, similar to parental tissue, kernel. Azadirachtin, a C-seco limonoid is produced in young tender leaves of plant whereas in the hard mature leaves of tree, ring intact limonoid nimocinol accumulates in high level. Furthermore, mevalonate pathway exclusively contributes for isoprene units of limonoids as evidenced through stable isotope labeling and no complementation of MEP pathway was observed with mevalonate pathway dysfunction, using chemical inhibitors.
Activity of the c-myc Replicator at an Ectopic Chromosomal Location (1999)

DNA replication starts at multiple discrete sites across the human chromosomal c-myc region, including two or more sites within 2.4 kb upstream of the c-myc gene. The corresponding 2.4-kb c-myc origin fragment confers autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) activity on plasmids, which specifically initiate replication in the origin fragment in vitro and in vivo. To test whether the region that displays plasmid replicator activity also acts as a chromosomal replicator, HeLa cell sublines that each contain a single copy of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae FLP recombinase target (FRT) sequence flanked by selectable markers were constructed. A clonal line containing a single unrearranged copy of the transduced c-myc origin was produced by cotransfecting a donor plasmid containing the 2.4-kb c-myc origin fragment and FRT, along with a plasmid expressing the yeast FLP recombinase, into cells containing a chromosomal FRT acceptor site. The amount of short nascent DNA strands at the chromosomal acceptor site was quantitated before and after targeted integration of the origin fragment. Competitive PCR quantitation showed that the c-myc origin construct substantially increased the amount of nascent DNA relative to that at the unoccupied acceptor site and to that after the insertion of non-myc DNA. The abundance of nascent strands was greatest close to the c-myc insert of the integrated donor plasmid, and significant increases in nascent strand abundance were observed at sites flanking the insertion. These results provide biochemical and genetic evidence for the existence of chromosomal replicators in metazoan cells and are consistent with the presence of chromosomal replicator activity in the 2.4-kb region of c-myc origin DNA.
On the Complexity of Mining Itemsets from the Crowd Using Taxonomies (2014)

We study the problem of frequent itemset mining in domains where data is not recorded in a conventional database but only exists in human knowledge. We provide examples of such scenarios, and present a crowdsourcing model for them. The model uses the crowd as an oracle to find out whether an itemset is frequent or not, and relies on a known taxonomy of the item domain to guide the search for frequent itemsets. In the spirit of data mining with oracles, we analyze the com-plexity of this problem in terms of (i) crowd complexity, that measures the number of crowd questions required to iden-tify the frequent itemsets; and (ii) computational complexity, that measures the computational effort required to choose the questions. We provide lower and upper complexity bounds in terms of the size and structure of the input taxonomy, as well as the size of a concise description of the output item-sets. We also provide constructive algorithms that achieve the upper bounds, and consider more efficient variants for practical situations. 1.
Liver X Receptor Signaling Pathways in Cardiovascular Disease (2003)

The liver X receptors alpha and beta (LXRalpha and LXRbeta) are members of the nuclear receptor family of proteins that are critical for the control of lipid homeostasis in vertebrates. The endogenous activators of these receptors are oxysterols and intermediates in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. LXRs serve as cholesterol sensors that regulate the expression of multiple genes involved in the efflux, transport, and excretion of cholesterol. Recent studies have outlined the importance of LXR signaling pathways in the development of metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Synthetic LXR agonists inhibit the development of atherosclerosis in murine models, an effect that is likely to result from the modulation of both metabolic and inflammatory gene expression. These observations identify the LXR pathway as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in human cardiovascular disease.
Promoters, enhancers, and transcription target RAG1 binding during V(D)J recombination (2010)

V(D)J recombination assembles antigen receptor genes in a well-defined order during lymphocyte development. This sequential process has long been understood in the context of the accessibility model, which states that V(D)J recombination is regulated by controlling the ability of the recombination machinery to gain access to its chromosomal substrates. Indeed, many features of "open" chromatin correlate with V(D)J recombination, and promoters and enhancers have been strongly implicated in creating a recombinase-accessible configuration in neighboring chromatin. An important prediction of the accessibility model is that cis-elements and transcription control binding of the recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG1) and RAG2 proteins to their DNA targets. However, this prediction has not been tested directly. In this study, we use mutant Tcra and Tcrb alleles to demonstrate that enhancers control RAG1 binding globally at Jα or Dβ/Jβ gene segments, that promoters and transcription direct RAG1 binding locally, and that RAG1 binding can be targeted in the absence of RAG2. These findings reveal important features of the genetic mechanisms that regulate RAG binding and provide a direct confirmation of the accessibility model.
Novel Embryonic Array with Neural Network Characteristics (2007)

This paper introduces a novel design approach for embryonic arrays that is able to employ all three axial characteristics of living beings: phytogeny, ontogeny, and epigenesis. Rather than using multiplexer based binary decision diagrams (BDD) it utilizes the K/N digital neurons to define the functionality of the cells. A special neural network design technique that uses Voronoi diagram (VoD) will be employed that enables neural network array-like configuration of embryonic arrays. Additionally, learning ability, geometrical extraction of genome, gate level configuration, large number of minterm and sum of products (SOP) generation for its constituent cells are some of the other advantages of the technique.
Bending of a Symmetric Piezothermoelastic Laminated Plate with a Through Crack (1997)

FOLLOWING the theory of linear piezoelectricity, we consider the response of a cracked composite plate with attached piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride layers subjected to mechanical, thermal and electric field loading. Piezoelectric layers are added to the upper and lower surfaces. Classical lamination theory is extended to include piezothermoelastic effects, and the bending problem of a symmetric piezoelectric laminated plate with a through crack is considered. Fourier transforms are used to reduce the problem to the solution of a pair of dual integral equations. The integral equations are solved exactly and the moment intensity factor is expressed in closed form.
Efficient Diode-Pumped LiSAF Laser in Continuous Wave and Actively Mode-Locked Regime (2004)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text F. Balembois, F. Falcoz, P. Georges, and A. Brim, "Efficient Diode-Pumped LiSAF Laser in Continuous Wave and Actively Mode-Locked Regime," in Advanced Solid State Lasers, T. Fan and B. Chai, eds., Vol. 20 of OSA Proceedings Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1994), paper UP3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Dimension and Mechanical Structure Design of Low-Cost Heliostats in Concentrated Solar Power Plants (2019)

This paper presents the dimension selection of the reflective mirror and the mechanical support structure design of heliostats in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. To start with, a flowchart for designing a heliostat is presented, followed by a detailed wind load analysis to determine its mirror dimension and electric drive ratings. Specifically, the validity of the employed analytical equations developed by the Sandia National Lab are verified with a computational fluid dynamics simulation of wind pressure on the mirror surface. In addition, three mechanical support structures, with two selected from the recent literature and one proposed in this paper, are presented to assess their mechanical robustness and perform a cost comparison. The result demonstrates all of the mechanical designs are able to withstand the expected maximum wind load during solar tracking, and the rim drive is the most cost-effective structure of the three under the same comparison guidelines and principles.
An Efficient Algebraic Solution to the Perspective-Three-Point Problem (2017)

In this work, we present an algebraic solution to the classical perspective-3-point (P3P) problem for determining the position and attitude of a camera from observations of three known reference points. In contrast to previous approaches, we first directly determine the camera's attitude by employing the corresponding geometric constraints to formulate a system of trigonometric equations. This is then efficiently solved, following an algebraic approach, to determine the unknown rotation matrix and subsequently the camera's position. As compared to recent alternatives, our method avoids computing unnecessary (and potentially numerically unstable) intermediate results, and thus achieves higher numerical accuracy and robustness at a lower computational cost. These benefits are validated through extensive Monte-Carlo simulations for both nominal and close-to-singular geometric configurations.
Accurate measurement and verification of static magnetization characteristics for switched reluctance motors (2017)

Accurate magnetization characteristics are essential for performance analysis and advanced control of switched reluctance motor (SRM). However, it is complicated to accurately model SRM due to its doubly salient structure, deep magnetic saturation, and highly nonlinear magnetization characteristics. This paper presents an accurate method to measure the flux-linkage and static torque characteristics of SRM. The measurements are executed based on a digital signal processor (DSP) and LabVIEW data acquisition system (DAQ). Theoretical derivation and practical implementation of the proposed method are discussed in details. The measurement errors are analyzed and post-processed to reduce them. The accuracy of measurement is verified by three ways: finite element analysis (FEA), inductance-capacitance-resistance (LCR) meter, and comparison with results obtained based on an installed search coil on stator poles. Finally, the measured static characteristics are used in modeling of the tested 8/6 SRM using MATLAB/Simulink. A comparison between simulated and experimental measured current waveforms is achieved and good agreement is found which demonstrates the measurement accuracy. It also verifies the accuracy and dependability of built MATLAB simulation model.
Copolymerization of ethylene and α-olefins with combined metallocene catalysts. II. Mathematical modeling of polymerization with single metallocene catalysts (2000)

The relation between the polymerization conditions and the distributions of molecular weight (MWD) and chemical composition (CCD) of poly(ethylene-co-1-hexene) made with single supported metallocene catalysts was investigated. Understanding the behavior of each metallocene under different polymerization conditions is necessary for designing combined metallocene catalysts to produce tailor-made polyolefins. In this article, a simple mathematical model based on experimental results is developed and combined with the bimodality criterion developed in Part I of this series to predict polymerization conditions and metallocene combinations that will produce polymers with desired MWDs and CCDs. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1417–1426, 2000
Water and the Hydrophobic Effect (2013)

This chapter first reviews properties, in particular, the thermodynamic properties, of water. Next, it shows how simulations with simple mechanical models can reproduce many physical properties of water and gives insight into water structure. The chapter then reviews the high energetic cost of forming interfaces between water and vacuum or water and hydrocarbon solutes, and the consequent “hydrophobic effect” that is responsible, among others for the poor solubility of hydrocarbons in water. The results of simulations are described that reproduce the association of small hydrophobic molecules in water and a more highly organized water structure in the interface between water and hydrocarbon. The hydrophobic force is not the negative gradient of a potential energy; although the attraction is real, the hydrophobic force is an average of a fluctuating force, thermodynamic in nature, the average force being the negative gradient of a free energy.
Efficient Single-Stage Pedestrian Detector by Asymptotic Localization Fitting and Multi-Scale Context Encoding (2019)

Though Faster R-CNN based two-stage detectors have witnessed significant boost in pedestrian detection accuracy, they are still slow for practical applications. One solution is to simplify this working flow as a single-stage detector. However, current single-stage detectors (e.g. SSD) have not presented competitive accuracy on common pedestrian detection benchmarks. Accordingly, a structurally simple but effective module called Asymptotic Localization Fitting (ALF) is proposed, which stacks a series of predictors to directly evolve the default anchor boxes of SSD step by step to improve detection results. Additionally, combining the advantages from residual learning and multi-scale context encoding, a bottleneck block is proposed to enhance the predictors' discriminative power. On top of the above designs, an efficient single-stage detection architecture is designed, resulting in an attractive pedestrian detector in both accuracy and speed. A comprehensive set of experiments on two of the largest pedestrian detection datasets (i.e. CityPersons and Caltech) demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method, comparing to the state of the arts on both the benchmarks.
Multi-modal Dataset of a Polycrystalline Metallic Material: 3D Microstructure and Deformation Fields (2022)

The development of high-fidelity mechanical property prediction models for the design of polycrystalline materials relies on large volumes of microstructural feature data. Concurrently, at these same scales, the deformation fields that develop during mechanical loading can be highly heterogeneous. Spatially correlated measurements of 3D microstructure and the ensuing deformation fields at the micro-scale would provide highly valuable insight into the relationship between microstructure and macroscopic mechanical response. They would also provide direct validation for numerical simulations that can guide and speed up the design of new materials and microstructures. However, to date, such data have been rare. Here, a one-of-a-kind, multi-modal dataset is presented that combines recent state-of-the-art experimental developments in 3D tomography and high-resolution deformation field measurements.
Non parametric cell nuclei segmentation based on a tracking over depth from 3D fluorescence confocal images (2012)

3D cell nuclei segmentation from fluorescence microscopy images is a key application in many biological studies. We propose a new, fully automated and non parametric method that takes advantage of the resolution anisotropy in fluorescence microscopy. The cell nuclei are first detected in 2D at each image plane and then tracked over depth through a graph based decision to recover their 3D profiles. As the tracking fails to separate very close cell nuclei along depth, we also propose a corrective step based on an intensity projection criterion. Experimental results on real data demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Biphenyl Sulfonylamino Methyl Bisphosphonic Acids as Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Bone Resorption (2011)

A number of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), proteins important in the balance of bone remodeling, play a critical role both in cancer metastasis and in bone matrix turnover associated with the presence of cancer cells in bone. Here, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new class of MMP inhibitors characterized by a bisphosphonate function as the zinc binding group. Since the bisphosphonate group is also implicated in osteoclast inhibition and provides a preferential affinity to biological apatite, the new molecules can be regarded as bone-seeking medicinal agents. Docking experiments were performed to clarify the mode of binding of bisphosphonate inhibitors in the active site of MMP-2. The most promising of the studied bisphosphonates showed nanomolar inhibition against MMP-2 and resulted in potent inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro.
Supplementary Figure S1 from S49076 Is a Novel Kinase Inhibitor of MET, AXL, and FGFR with Strong Preclinical Activity Alone and in Association with Bevacizumab (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Western blot detection of total and phosphorylated MET, AXL, FGFR1/2/3 and phosphorylated FRS2 in cell lines and tumor xenografts used in the study&lt;/p&gt;
Localization of Nonlinear Defects in Sub 14 nm BEOL Structures (2016)

Abstract This paper explains how SEM two-point specimen current localization combined with TEM imaging/elemental mapping overcomes the limitations of conventional SEM and gallium ion beam FIB voltage contrast methods, pinpointing the location of nonlinear defects in advanced technology (&amp;lt;14nm) nodes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Dopaminergic Activity of 3‐Substituted 1‐(Aminomethyl)‐3,4‐dihydro‐5,6‐dihydroxy‐1H‐2‐benzopyrans: Characterization of an Auxiliary Binding Region in the D1 Receptor. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Theory and simulations of homonuclear three-spin systems in rotating solids (2021)

The homonuclear dipolar coupling is the internal spin interaction that contributes the most to the line shapes in magic-angle-spinning (MAS) <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra of solids, and linewidths typically extend over several hundred Hertz, limiting the <sup>1</sup>H resolution. Understanding and reducing this contribution could provide rich structural information for organic solids. Here, we use average Hamiltonian theory to study two- and three-spin systems in the fast MAS regime. Specifically, we develop analytical expressions to third order in the case of two and three inequivalent spins (I = ½). The results show that the full third-order expression of the Hamiltonian, without secular approximations or truncation to second order, is the description that agrees the best, by far, with full numerical calculations. We determine the effect on the NMR spectrum of the different Hamiltonian terms, which are shown to produce both residual shifts and splittings in the three-spin systems. Both the shifts and splittings have a fairly complex dependence on the spinning rate with the eigenstates having a polynomial ω<sub>r</sub> dependence. The effect on powder line shapes is also shown, and we find that the anisotropic residual shift does not have zero average so that the powder line shape is broadened and shifted from the isotropic position. This suggests that in <sup>1</sup>H MAS spectra, even at the fastest MAS rates attainable today, the positions observed are not exactly the isotropic shifts.