gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remote Inspection of Medical Images through High-Speed Networks (1997)

In health care practice, diagnosis and therapy tasks are founded on the analysis of medical images. Traditionally, such analysis was performed using optical devices like light boxes or microscopes installed in clinical rooms or laboratories. In the last decade, personal computers have revolutioned this practice and today medical imaging is based on soft-copies of image material rather than films or specimens. Acquisition, storage and display of medical images are performed through digital computers and/or workstations. More recently, the introduction of networked computers has lead to the concept of telemedicine, that is making available remote medical facilities through the use of personal computers and digital networks. In this document we analyse the problem of real-time performance in telemedicine applications and we propose a new architecture that allows the interactive and real-time exchange of medical images. This architecture is based on a hierarchical database to store images, an high-speed network to transmit images and a navigation module allowing the user to dynamically select the portion and resolution of the images under inspection. In the second part of the document we describe, in particular, the prototype developed according to the described architecture and we discuss performance and optimization aspects.
Erfahrungen mit einer deutschsprachigen Version der SIB (2001)

Zusammenfassung: Die SIB (Severe Impairment Battery) wurde in den USA für die Untersuchung kognitiver Funktionen bei Schwerdementen entwickelt. Ziel der hier dargestellten Arbeit war die empirische Anwendung und Überprüfung einer deutschsprachigen Version der SIB hinsichtlich Objektivität, Reliabilität, Konstrukt-Validität und weiterer klinisch relevanter Aspekte. Eine Gruppe von 57 hospitalisierten dementen Patienten verschiedener Ätiologie (42ÿw, 15ÿm; Alter (SD) 83.0 (9.0) Jahre; mittlerer MMSE Score 5.6) wurde untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die SIB zeigte eine hohe Inter-Rater Reliabilität (0.99) und Interne Konsistenz (0.98). Die benötigte Testzeit lag zwischen 20 und 40 Minuten. Die Korrelation des SIB-Gesamtwertes mit dem MMSE-Score betrug 0.91, doch lieferte die SIB bei 11 von 14 Patienten, die im MMSE Nullwerte erreichten, noch Messergebnisse. Mit den kognitiven Dimensionen der NOSGER fanden sich hoch signifikante Korrelationen. Keine signifikanten Zusammenhänge bestanden psychopathologischen Merkmalen, und eine Unterscheidung verschiedener Demenzformen anhand der SIB-Ergebnisse war nicht möglich. Die deutschsprachige SIB kann als ökonomisches, zuverlässiges, empfindliches und valides Instrument zur Erfassung kognitiver Funktionen bei Schwerdementen empfohlen werden.
Offline Dictionary Attack on Password Authentication Schemes using Smart Cards. (2014)

Abstract. The design of secure and efficient smart-card-based password authenti-cation schemes remains a challenging problem today despite two decades of intensive research in the security community, and the current crux lies in how to achieve truly two-factor security even if the smart cards can be tampered. In this paper, we analyze two recent proposals in this area, namely, Hsieh-Leu’s scheme and Wang’s PSCAV scheme. We demonstrate that, under their non-tamper-resistance assumption of the smart cards, both schemes are still prone to offline dictionary attack, in which an attacker can obtain the victim’s password when getting temporary access to the victim’s smart card. This indicates that compromising a single factor (i.e., the smart card) of these two schemes leads to the downfall of both factors (i.e., both the smart card and the password), thereby invalidating their claim of preserving two-factor security. Remarkably, our attack on the latter protocol, which is not captured in Wang’s original protocol security model, reveals a new and realistic attacking scenario and gives rise to the strongest adversary model so far (Note that Wang’s PSCAV scheme is secure within its own but weak security model). In addition, we make the first attempt to explain why smart cards, instead of common cheap storage devices (e.g., USB sticks), are preferred in most two-factor authentication schemes for security-critical applications.
HIV-1-induced cytokines deplete homeostatic ILCs and expand TCF7-dependent memory NK cells: Supplemental Figures and Tables (2017)

HIV-1-infected people who take medications that suppress viremia, preserve CD4+ T cells, and prevent AIDS, have chronic inflammation with increased cardiovascular mortality. To investigate the etiology of this inflammation, the effect of HIV-1 on innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and NK cells was examined. Homeostatic ILCs in blood and intestine were depleted permanently. NK cells were skewed towards a memory subset. Cytokines that are elevated during HIV-1 infection reproduced both abnormalities ex vivo. Pseudotime analysis of single NK cell transcriptomes revealed a developmental trajectory towards a subset with expression profile, chromatin state, and biological function like memory T lymphocytes. Expression of TCF7, a WNT transcription factor, increased over the course of the trajectory. TCF7 disruption, or WNT inhibition, prevented memory NK cell induction by inflammatory cytokines. These results demonstrate that inflammatory cytokines associated with HIV-1 infection irreversibly disrupt homeostatic ILCs and cause developmental shift towards TCF7+ memory NK cells.
Control of a car-like robot using a virtual vehicle approach (2002)

A solution to the problem of controlling a car-like nonholonomic robot is proposed using a "virtual" vehicle approach, which is shown to be robust with respect to errors and disturbances. The proposed algorithms are model independent, and the stability analysis is done using a dynamical model in which the side slip angles are taken into account.
Mass Markers for Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Spectrum in a Large Mass Region Using Ir4(CO)12 Metal Cluster Complex Sample (2010)

The time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) spectra of a metal cluster complex, Ir 4 (CO) 12 , evaporated on a Si wafer have been analyzed to clarify the origin of the mass deviation of the peaks from the true mass positions expected from the m / z values. Most of the peaks in the TOF-SIMS spectra are found to show shifts from the true positions due to the dissociation of secondary ions, i.e., release of a CO ligand, after the ionization. In conclusion, the ion peaks that can be used as mass markers of the TOF-SIMS system must be stable parent ions; such peaks are those assigned to Ir 4 (CO) 12 + ( m / z 1,100–1,108) and Ir 5 (CO) 14 + ( m / z 1,347–1,357) for positive ions, and Ir 4 (CO) 11 - ( m / z 1,072–1,080), Ir 5 (CO) 13 - ( m / z 1,319–1,329), and Ir 8 (CO) 22 - ( m / z 2,144–2,160) for negative ions with 10–50 ppm precision.
Possibilities of cloaking and invisibility at microwaves (2010)

Recently, the topic of making objects “invisible” for electromagnetic radiation has gained much attention, following new ideas of using engineered electromagnetic materials with unusual properties for this purpose. This lecture provides a comparative review of the recent developments in this field and discusses the potentials of utilizing these ideas for various microwave and antenna applications. The lecture starts from a review of the notions of invisibility and cloaking and their relations to the classical stealth technologies of reducing radar cross section of targets. Next, we make a historical overview of earlier approaches to techniques allowing reduction of scattering from various objects. Recently proposed solutions for cloaking of objects are reviewed and compared, with the emphasis on the fundamental limitations of their performance. This topic is closely linked to the problem of creating of artificial materials with engineered electromagnetic properties. In particular, materials with equal values of relative permittivity and permeability are of interest. The lecture presents our recent developments of such materials based on mixtures of spiral inclusions and their use for cloaking applications. Furthermore, we discuss the use of electrically dense meshes of transmission lines as cloaking devices. It is shown how new cloaking techniques can be used for applications not necessarily related to cloaking of objects, for instance in new microwave lens antennas or in the design of matched absorbing layers.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Iodination of Aromatic Compounds with Iodine and Alumina‐ Supported Copper(II) Chloride or Sulfate. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Unravelling Kinetic and Thermodynamic Effects on the Growth of Gold Nanoplates by Liquid Transmission Electron Microscopy (2015)

The growth of colloidal nanoparticles is simultaneously driven by kinetic and thermodynamic effects that are difficult to distinguish. We have exploited in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy in liquid to study the growth of Au nanoplates by radiolysis and unravel the mechanisms influencing their formation and shape. The electron dose provides a straightforward control of the growth rate that allows quantifying the kinetic effects on the planar nanoparticles formation. Indeed, we demonstrate that the surface-reaction rate per unit area has the same dose-rate dependent behavior than the concentration of reducing agents in the liquid cell. Interestingly, we also determine a critical supply rate of gold monomers for nanoparticle faceting, corresponding to three layers per second, above which the formation of nanoplates is not possible because the growth is then dominated by kinetic effects. At lower electron dose, the growth is driven by thermodynamic and the formation and shape of nanoplates are directly related to the twin-planes formed during the growth.
Protocol: A simple phenol-based method for 96-well extraction of high quality RNA from Arabidopsis (2011)

The development of the HTP96 protocol has vastly increased our sample throughput, allowing us to fully exploit the large sample capacity of modern real time qRT-PCR thermocyclers, now commonplace in many labs, and develop an effective high-throughput gene expression platform. We propose that the HTP96 protocol will significantly benefit any plant scientist with the task of obtaining hundreds of high quality RNA extractions.
Ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by graphene field-effect transistors (2022)

COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), originated a global health crisis, causing over 2 million casualties and altering human daily life all over the world. This pandemic emergency revealed the limitations of current diagnostic tests, highlighting the urgency to develop faster, more precise and sensitive sensors. Graphene field effect transistors (GFET) are analytical platforms that enclose all these requirements. However, the design of a sensitive and robust GFET is not a straightforward objective. In this work, we report a GFET array biosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using the human membrane protein involved in the virus internalisation: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). By finely controlling the graphene functionalisation, by tuning the Debye length, and by deeply characterising the ACE2-spike protein interactions, we have been able to detect the target protein with an extremely low limit of detection (2.94 aM). This work set the basis for a new class of analytical platforms, based on human membrane proteins, with the potential to detect a broad variety of pathogens, even before their isolation, being a powerful tool in the fight against future pandemics.
Effect of implantation energy on surface pitting of SIMOX (2002)

A systematic study to determine the effect of dose and dose rate on implanting oxygen at 80 and 160 keV is reported. Samples were produced by implanting oxygen into p-type Si
The effect of molecular aggregates over the interfacial charge transfer processes on dye sensitized solar cells (2008)

The electron transfer reaction between the photoinjected electrons in the nanocrystalline TiO2 mesoporous sensitized films and the oxidized electrolyte in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) plays a major role on the device efficiency. In this communication we show that, although the presence of molecular aggregates on the free base porphyrin DSSC limits the device photocurrent response under illumination, they form an effective hydrophobic barrier against the oxidized electrolyte impeding fast back-electron transfer kinetics. Therefore, their drawback can be overcome by designing dyes with peripheral moieties that prevent the formation of the aggregates and are able to achieve efficiencies as high as 3.2% under full sun.
Resulting Effect of the p-Type of ZnTe: Cu Thin Films of the Intermediate Layer in Heterojunction Solar Cells: Structural, Optical, and Electrical Characteristics (2023)

The microstructural, electrical, and optical properties of Cu-doped and undoped ZnTe thin films grown on glass substrates are covered in this article. To determine the chemical makeup of these materials, both energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed. The cubic zinc-blende crystal structure of ZnTe and Cu-doped ZnTe films was discovered using X-ray diffraction crystallography. According to these microstructural studies, the average crystallite size increased as the amount of Cu doping increased, whereas the microstrain decreased as the crystallinity increased; hence, defects were minimized. The Swanepoel method was used to compute the refractive index, and it was found that the refractive index rises as the Cu doping levels rises. The optical band gap energy was observed to decrease from 2.225 eV to 1.941 eV as the Cu content rose from 0% to 8%, and then slightly increase to 1.965 eV at a Cu concentration of 10%. The Burstein-Moss effect may be connected to this observation. The larger grain size, which lessens the dispersion of the grain boundary, was thought to be the cause of the observed increase in the dc electrical conductivity with an increase in Cu doping. In structured undoped and Cu-doped ZnTe films, there were two carrier transport conduction mechanisms that could be seen. According to the Hall Effect measurements, all the grown films exhibited a p-type conduction behavior. In addition, the findings demonstrated that as the Cu doping level rises, the carrier concentration and the Hall mobility similarly rise, reaching an ideal Cu concentration of 8 at.%, which is due to the fact that the grain size decreases grain boundary scattering. Furthermore, we examined the impact of the ZnTe and ZnTe:Cu (at Cu 8 at.%) layers on the efficiency of the CdS/CdTe solar cells.
Area Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Cobalt Thin Films (2008)

Area selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Co thin films was investigated by using octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) as a blocking layer. Selective deposition was not observed in Co plasma enhanced ALD (PE-ALD) by CoCp 2 and NH 3 plasma, which was found to be due to the rapid degradation of OTS SAM. In contrast to PE-ALD, thermal ALD Co by Co(AMD) 2 and H 2 produced area selective deposition up to 1000 cycles.
Different Responses of Two Genes Associated with Disease Resistance Loci in Maize (Zea mays L.) to 3-allyloxy-1,2-benzothiazole 1,1-dioxide (2009)

The editor of this timely book has assembled a team of highly regarded scientists, over 40 contributors, to describe the latest, up-to-date research, theory and applications of this increasingly important area of science.Renowned experts in the field have contributed chapters that describe and discuss some of the most topical aspects of plant genomics.The book is fully illustrated and chapters include comprehensive reference sections.Essential reading for scientists involved in plant genomics and a recommended volume for everyone involved in plant science.
Determination of Impurity Traces. Mass Spectrometric Method (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Impurity Traces. Mass Spectrometric MethodR. E. HonigCite this: Anal. Chem. 1950, 22, 12, 1474–1476Publication Date (Print):December 16, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 16 December 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60048a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60048a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Production of β‐Chemokines in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Evidence that High Levels of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein‐1β Are Associated with a Decreased Risk of HIV Disease Progression (1998)

Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES production were measured by ELISA in whole blood that had been stimulated for 4.5 h with phytohemagglutinin. The blood was from 90 healthy human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative controls and from 245 HIVinfected subjects who were followed for ⩽4.5 years. HIV-infected persons without AIDS had increased levels of MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES (P < .01) compared with levels in controls. Subjects with AIDS, compared with controls, had decreased production levels of MIP-1β (P < .0001) and similar levels of MIP-1α and RANTES. A high level of MIP-1β production was associated with a decreased risk of progressing to AIDS or death, as determined by univariate analysis (P < .01) and adjusted for CD4 cell count and age (P = .07, P = .06, respectively). The findings suggest that the production level of β-chemokine changes during HIV infection and that a high level of β-chemokine production in peripheral blood lymphocytes may be associated with less rapid disease progression in HIV infection.
A Tool for Efficient Content Compilation (2016)

We build a tool to assist in content creation by mining the web for information relevant to a given topic. This tool imitates the process of essay writing by humans: searching for topics on the web, selecting content frag-ments from the found document, and then compiling these fragments to obtain a coherent text. The process of writing starts with automated building of a table of content by obtaining the list of key entities for the given topic extracted from web resources such as Wikipedia. Once a table of content is formed, each item forms a seed for web mining. The tool builds a full-featured structured Word document with table of content, section structure, images and captions and web references for all mined text fragments. Two linguistic technologies are employed: for relevance verification, we use similarity computed as a tree similarity between parse trees for a seed and candidate text fragment. For text coherence, we use a measure of agreement between a given and consecutive paragraph by tree kernel learning of their discourse trees. The tool is available at http://animatronica.io/submit.html.
Safety of Cerebral Digital Subtraction Angiography in Children (2006)

The rate of immediate complications occurring during diagnostic cerebral angiography in children is very low. No intraprocedural complication was documented in the reported series. DSA performed by experienced angiographers is a safe procedure that can provide critical diagnostic information.
Blood—brain barrier opened by stimulation of the parasympathetic sphenopalatine ganglion: a new method for macromolecule delivery to the brain (2004)

Sphenopalatine ganglion activation demonstrates a promising potential for clinical use in the delivery of small and large molecules to the brain.
Drilling Damage of GFRP and Residual Mechanical Behavior—Part II: Static and Cyclic Bearing Loads (2001)

The damage generated during the drilling of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) laminates can be detrimental for the mechanical behavior of the material around the hole, especially when the hole surface is subjected to a bearing load. The present work is the second part of a study aiming to investigate the effect of drilling conditions on the residual mechanical behavior of GFRP laminates subjected to a bearing load. To address this aim, holes drilled in different conditions were tested with static and cyclic bearing loads. The results of these tests were characterized through quantitative parameters and through microscopic observations of hole sections. Results indicate that for the range of the experimental conditions investigated, the main cause of mechanical failure is the micro damage generated at the inner part of the hole surface, while delamination plays a minor role. Therefore, despite the general attention paid during drilling to reduce delamination, the optimal drilling conditions should avoid the onset of microcracks distributed in the inner part of the hole.
Super-resolving star clusters with sheaves (2022)

Abstract This article presents an optimization-based approach for counting and localizing stars within a small cluster, based on photon counts in a focal plane array. The array need not be arranged in any particular way, and relatively small numbers of photons are required to ensure convergence. The stars can be located close to one another, as the location and magnitude errors were found to be low when the separation was larger than 0.2 Rayleigh radii. To ensure generality of our approach, it was constructed as a special case of a general theory built upon topological signal processing using the mathematics of sheaves that is applicable to general source decomposition problems.
Ferromagnetism of layered GaSe semiconductors intercalated with cobalt (2012)

The effect of a permanent magnetic field on the intercalation process and magnetic properties of GaSe single crystals and their Co0.15GaSe intercalants are investigated. It is shown that cobalt intercalation in gallium monoselenide exerts no effect on the parameters of the GaSe crystal lattice. In Co0.15GaSe intercalants obtained by intercalation in a magnetic field, the manifestation of ferromagnetism is revealed; the dependence of the magnetic moment on the magnetic-field strength has the form of a hysteresis loop inherent in magnetically hard ferromagnetic materials.
Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Production in the Development of Communicating Hydrocephalus (1977)

Diminished absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the most common cause of communicating hydrocephalus. Soon after the absorptive capacity is decreased, the CSF pressure increases, producing ventricular enlargement if the process is not halted. CSF production was measured by ventriculo-cisternal perfusion during and after the production of communicating hydrocephalus, using an atraumatic animal model. Animals with chronic hydrocephalus and normal pressure had normal CSF production. CSF production tended to be lower in animals with increased pressure. When CSF absorption is compromised, decreased CSF production does not appear to be a significant compensatory mechanism.