gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Process-Like Modeling of Flank-Margin Caves: From Genesis to Burial Evolution (2007)

Abstract A major challenge in groundwater and petroleum modeling is how to represent the diagenesis effect sensu lato and its associated features (e.g., karst cavities, porosity and permeability characteristics). Both geometrical descriptions and genesis are necessary for modeling diagenetic features, because they allow the restitution of phenomenon in subsurface settings where they cannot be fully observed. This study focuses on flank-margin caves developed on carbonate islands (as in the case of the Bahamian islands). Over the last twenty years numerous measurements and observations have been carried out on Quaternary carbonate islands. These, together with reasonable hypotheses of genesis (fresh-water lens dissolution), make island karst an appropriate subject for developing concepts and modeling methods which can be then applied to other diagenetic features, such as reflux dolomitization and hydrothermal fluid effects. The speleogenesis of flank-margin caves was modeled following deterministic and stochastic methods to achieve a description of dissolution genesis. A fresh-water lens surface was built based on the topography of Long Island, Bahamas, and was then used to simulate virtual development of flank-margin caves at several formation phases, including uncertainty coefficients applied to both fresh-water-lens location and stability time by using 3D probability cubes. The cave simulations were compared with over sixty Bahamian cave surveys, in order to substantiate our modeling processes and results. Finally, the model was exposed to a cave collapse situation. The likelihood of preservation and the extent of the area affected were measured to provide an evaluation of the spatial distribution of associated petrophysical characteristics (e.g., porosity and permeability). The results reveal close resemblance and coherence between modeled and field data (including collapse features). Therefore the optimum method for restituting diagenetic features is by stochastic modeling actively driven by process concepts and most up-to-date methods.
Pepstatin-derived inhibitors of aspartic proteinases. A close look at an apparent transition-state analog inhibitor (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPepstatin-derived inhibitors of aspartic proteinases. A close look at an apparent transition-state analog inhibitorDaniel H. RichCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1985, 28, 3, 263–273Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00381a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00381a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views495Altmetric-Citations194LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DHMAPI: A Knowledge-Based System for Identification of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (2015)

About 43,000 plant species are said to exist in India of which 7,500 plant species are referred to in Indian folklore. The recent era has witnessed revitalisation in traditional health care system, and more people have started depending upon traditional herbal health care systems for various ailments. Majority of these medicinal plants are collected from the wild. Authentic identification/recognition of medicinal and aromatic plant species is a major challenge since there are a large number of vernacular names for the same species as well as different botanical species have the same common name. Hence, a knowledge-based system namely digital herbarium of medicinal and aromatic plants in India (DHMAPI) has been developed to help farmers and extension workers to identify medicinal and aromatic plants. The system is supported by a database containing information of about 350 medicinal and aromatic plant species and their colour images. High-resolution colour images of medicinal and aromatic plants were captured from different parts of India and integrated with technical information of respective species. Based on these herbaria information, a web-based system was developed and launched (http://www.dmapr.org.in:8080/dhmap/Home.jsp). The system, called DHMAPI, is a knowledge system that helps users to compare their unknown species with the existing dataset to identify their species.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Aryl Fluorides. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Multifunctional Single-Attachment-Point Reagent for Controlled Protein Biotinylation (2008)

The biotin/avidin system is one of the most widely used affinity detection and affinity capture systems in biology. However, the determination of the exact number of biotin tags attached onto a substrate is complicated by the fact that biotin does not present any light-absorbing or -emitting properties. Here, we describe a fluorescent biotinylation reagent designed from the general multifunctional single-attachment-point (MSAP) reagent concept. A Lys-Cys dipeptide scaffold was used to display a biotin functional group and a fluorescein functional group along with an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester reactive group. The resulting bifunctional MSAP reagent, Fl-Biotin-NHS, was used to prepare a monobiotinylated version of cetuximab, which was further reacted with avidin to obtain a soluble avidin-based cetuximab oligomer. The MSAP peptide-scaffold approach allows fluorophores, chromophores, or reactive groups to be combined with biotin and provides a broad approach to obtain multifunctional biotin-based reagents.
Optimization of microwave‐assisted extraction of polyphenols from apple pomace using response surface methodology and HPLC analysis (2010)

A simple and efficient microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from industrial apple pomace was developed and optimized by the maximization of the yield using response surface methodology. A Box-Behnken design was used to monitor the effect of microwave power, extraction time, ethanol concentration and ratio of solvent to raw material (g/mL) on the polyphenols yield. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: microwave power 650.4 W, extraction time 53.7 s, ethanol concentration 62.1% and ratio of solvent to raw material 22.9:1. Validation tests indicated that the actual yield of polyphenols was 62.68±0.35 mg gallic acid equivalents per 100 g dry apple pomace with RSD=0.86% (n=5) under the optimal conditions, which was in good agreement with the predicted yield and higher than those of reflux and ultrasonic-assisted extraction methods. HPLC analysis indicated that the major polyphenols of apple pomace consisted of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syrigin, procyanidin B2, (-)-epicatechin, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, phlorizin and quercetin, of which procyanidin B2 had the highest content of 219.4 mg/kg.
Tracking Human-like Natural Motion Using Deep Recurrent Neural Networks (2016)

Kinect skeleton tracker is able to achieve considerable human body tracking performance in convenient and a low-cost manner. However, The tracker often captures unnatural human poses such as discontinuous and vibrated motions when self-occlusions occur. A majority of approaches tackle this problem by using multiple Kinect sensors in a workspace. Combination of the measurements from different sensors is then conducted in Kalman filter framework or optimization problem is formulated for sensor fusion. However, these methods usually require heuristics to measure reliability of measurements observed from each Kinect sensor. In this paper, we developed a method to improve Kinect skeleton using single Kinect sensor, in which supervised learning technique was employed to correct unnatural tracking motions. Specifically, deep recurrent neural networks were used for improving joint positions and velocities of Kinect skeleton, and three methods were proposed to integrate the refined positions and velocities for further enhancement. Moreover, we suggested a novel measure to evaluate naturalness of captured motions. We evaluated the proposed approach by comparison with the ground truth obtained using a commercial optical maker-based motion capture system.
Thermal characteristics of single and multilayer high performance PQFP packages (1990)

The thermal performance of previously introduced single-layer and multilayer plastic quad flat pack (PQFP) packages based on the work of D. Mallik, et al. (1989) is discussed. Using experimental and computational techniques, it is shown that significant reduction in the package thermal resistance can be achieved by using a multilayer lead frame structure for PQFP packages with medium and high lead counts. The measurement and analysis techniques are discussed. It is shown that in addition to enhancing the electrical performance, use of a multilayer lead frame design can provide a significant improvement in the thermal performance of PQFP packages. Thermal resistance in 132-lead PQFP is reduced by 38 and 43% with copper and Alloy 43 lead frames, respectively, under natural convection. A three-dimensional finite-element thermal model was constructed and correlated with the experimental data. Using this model, it is demonstrated that the contribution of the low thermal conductivity insulating adhesive tape to the overall thermal resistance is about 1 degrees C/W.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
EpCAM-Independent Enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2015)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the potential precursors of metastatic disease. Most assays established for the enumeration of CTCs so far-including the gold standard CellSearch-rely on the expression of the cell surface marker epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). But, these approaches may not detect CTCs that express no/low levels of EpCAM, e.g. by undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here we present an enrichment strategy combining different antibodies specific for surface proteins and extracellular matrix (ECM) components to capture an EpCAMlow/neg cell line and EpCAMneg CTCs from blood samples of breast cancer patients depleted for EpCAM-positive cells. The expression of respective proteins (Trop2, CD49f, c-Met, CK8, CD44, ADAM8, CD146, TEM8, CD47) was verified by immunofluorescence on EpCAMpos (e.g. MCF7, SKBR3) and EpCAMlow/neg (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines. To test antibodies and ECM proteins (e.g. hyaluronic acid (HA), collagen I, laminin) for capturing EpCAMneg cells, the capture molecules were first spotted in a single- and multi-array format onto aldehyde-coated glass slides. Tumor cell adhesion of EpCAMpos/neg cell lines was then determined and visualized by Coomassie/MitoTracker staining. In consequence, marginal binding of EpCAMlow/neg MDA-MB-231 cells to EpCAM-antibodies could be observed. However, efficient adhesion/capturing of EpCAMlow/neg cells could be achieved via HA and immobilized antibodies against CD49f and Trop2. Optimal capture conditions were then applied to immunomagnetic beads to detect EpCAMneg CTCs from clinical samples. Captured CTCs were verified/quantified by immunofluorescence staining for anti-pan-Cytokeratin (CK)-FITC/anti-CD45 AF647/DAPI. In total, in 20 out of 29 EpCAM-depleted fractions (69%) from 25 metastatic breast cancer patients additional EpCAMneg CTCs could be identified [range of 1-24 CTCs per sample] applying Trop2, CD49f, c-Met, CK8 and/or HA magnetic enrichment. EpCAMneg dual-positive (CKpos/CD45pos) cells could be traced in 28 out of 29 samples [range 1-480]. By single-cell array-based comparative genomic hybridization we were able to demonstrate the malignant nature of one EpCAMneg subpopulation. In conclusion, we established a novel enhanced CTC enrichment strategy to capture EpCAMneg CTCs from clinical blood samples by targeting various cell surface antigens with antibody mixtures and ECM components.
First-principles Investigations of Electrocatalysis and Corrosion (2008)

Three case studies of the use of Density Functional Theory calculations to model electrochemical phenomena are presented. These studies range from fundamental investigations of electrocatalytic reaction mechanisms to detailed atomistic analyses of dissolution and dealloying phenomena. The studies are intended to illustrate how first principles calculations are beginning to complement and enhance well-established experimental results in electrochemistry.
Apaf-1 and Caspase-9 in p53-Dependent Apoptosis and Tumor Inhibition (1999)

The ability of p53 to promote apoptosis in response to mitogenic oncogenes appears to be critical for its tumor suppressor function. Caspase-9 and its cofactor Apaf-1 were found to be essential downstream components of p53 in Myc-induced apoptosis. Like p53 null cells, mouse embryo fibroblast cells deficient in Apaf-1 and caspase-9, and expressing c-Myc, were resistant to apoptotic stimuli that mimic conditions in developing tumors. Inactivation of Apaf-1 or caspase-9 substituted for p53 loss in promoting the oncogenic transformation of Myc-expressing cells. These results imply a role for Apaf-1 and caspase-9 in controlling tumor development.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the tumor metastasis factor p37 (2002)

P37, an outer-membrane bacterial protein from Mycoplasma hyorhinis, is a molecule whose presence on the surface of many tumor cells correlates highly with increased neoplastic invasivity and metastasis. P37 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified by affinity chromatography and crystallized. Useful single crystals for X-ray diffraction structural studies have been grown by oil-immersion methods from a solution of 40% PEG 4000, 0.1 M ammonium bromide in a 0.1 M citrate buffer at pH 4.0. X-ray diffraction data were collected at the F2 beamline at CHESS with a crystal-to-CCD detector distance of 150 mm, collecting 1 degrees oscillation slices with an exposure time of 30 s per frame. A 212 degrees sweep of data (99.8% completeness) were collected from a single crystal under cryoconditions, with a maximal useful diffraction pattern to 1.8 A resolution. The crystals are shown to be monoclinic and have been assigned to space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 50.02, b = 67.26, c = 59.89 A, beta = 108.29 degrees and a scaling R(sym) of 0.076 for 34,882 unique reflections. Packing considerations indicate that there is one molecule per asymmetric unit. It is expected that in the near future the structure of p37 will be obtained using phases from traditional heavy-atom isomorphous replacement and/or halide-soak methods. Elucidation of the structure of p37 may be paramount to producing new antibody-based anticancer therapeutic agents.
Follow the Image (2005)

New York artist Joy Garnett outlines her methods as a painter who works from sampled or found images. She discusses her relationship to her sources, which have included science photographs, declassified military and news media imagery. She describes the challenges she has encountered while working with different types of source material: from technical obstacles (invisible phenomena that require lenses and other optical devices) to socio-political mediation (government secrecy and the search for declassified imagery), to legal encumbrances (accusations of “piracy” and copyright infringement regarding a sampled image). Garnett explains her sense of the continued relevance and critical potential of art in light of these challenges, specifically the uses of painting in an age of mass production and digital technology.
Poster: Evolution of Ethereum: A Temporal Graph Perspective (2020)

Ethereum is one of the most popular blockchain systems that supports more than half a million transactions every day. Whereas it remains mysterious what the transaction pattern is and how it evolves over time. In this paper, we study the evolutionary behavior of Ethereum transactions from a temporal graph point of view. It shows that there is no evidence that changes in average triplet closure duration is related to prices. We observe the macroscopic and microscopic burstiness of Ethereum transactions. We analyze the Gini indexes of the transaction graphs and the user wealth in which Ethereum is found to be very unfair since the very beginning, in a sense, “the rich is already very rich”.
A Phase I Study of Humanized Anti-CD40 Immunotherapy with SGN-40 in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. (2005)

Abstract The vast majority of B-cell malignancies express CD40, a member of the TNF receptor family. This receptor, along with the cognate ligand (CD154), mediates cell survival and proliferation of normal B-cells and can regulate apoptosis as well as survival in transformed cells, making this pathway an appealing target for B-cell lymphoma. Both in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies support the development of anti-CD40 immunotherapy for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Accordingly, a phase I single-arm dose escalation trial was initiated to test the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of SGN-40, a humanized anti-CD40 antibody, in patients with NHL. The protocol was designed to treat patients with follicular, mantle cell, diffuse large B-cell, small lymphocytic, and marginal zone lymphomas in cohorts using SGN-40 infusions at doses of 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg/kg/week for four weeks. We report results for cohort 1 (n = 6) treated at 2 mg/kg/week. Four of 6 patients completed the planned 4 weekly infusions. No grade 4 toxicity was observed. Two grade 3 toxicities were seen, both in the same patient (unilateral conjunctivitis and ipsilateral loss of vision in a patient with pre-existing macular degeneration). Grade 2 loss of balance was also seen in the same patient. Imaging studies with CT and MRI did not reveal a stroke or leptomeningeal disease nor were there inflammatory or malignant cells in the CSF. All these adverse events resolved over six weeks, including vision which returned to baseline acuity. The only other severe adverse event reported was a deep venous thrombosis in the setting of bulky ipsilateral pelvic adenopathy, which was considered to be unrelated to SGN-40. Dose escalation was temporarily suspended to evaluate these unexplained toxicities and the report of severe headaches, attributed to cytokine release reaction, at the next dose level (i.e. 4 mg/kg) in a parallel phase I protocol for multiple myeloma. Although none of the NHL patients in this study developed headaches or clinical symptoms, several patients demonstrated a significant increase in plasma cytokine levels (i.e. TNF-alpha, IL-6) following the first infusion but not subsequent treatments with SGN-40, raising the possibility that a first-dose cytokine release effect may be involved in the grade 3 toxicities observed. Pharmacokinetic samples for the NHL patients were collected and are currently being analyzed. Preliminary antitumor activity at the 2 mg/kg dose is reflected in one patient who had stable disease as determined by serial CT scans and in another patient who had subjective improvement in B symptoms during therapy but was found to have disease progression based on CT scans 4 weeks after completing therapy. An amended protocol is actively accruing patients that will address the concern for first-dose cytokine release and allow continued dose escalation. Clinical and pharmacokinetic data from these additional cohorts will be presented.
Optical absorption and photoluminescence in crystalline C 60 (1995)

The nature of the optical excitations at the dipole forbidden optical gap of crystalline C<SUB>60</SUB> is investigated by linear and non-linear spectroscopic techniques. The resonances observed both in the absorption and emission spectra are identified with Herzberg-Teller vibronic coupling of the electronic states to intramolecular vibrational modes. The highly structured fluorescence spectra of both C<SUB>60</SUB> single crystals and crystalline C<SUB>60</SUB> films are interpreted in terms of Frenkel exciton emission from X-traps.
北京市地铁客流的时空分布格局及特征——基于智能交通卡数据 (2018)

摘要：
The Association Between Interleukin-23 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2009)

The aim of this study was to investigate single-nucleotide polymorphism of the IL-23R gene and its possible relationship with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a Chinese population. We examined 139 SLE patients and 168 controls from Sichuan province in China. The genotyping of IL-23R is determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. These results indicate that there is no relationship between IL-23R polymorphisms and SLE in a Chinese population. Further studies are still needed to explore the complicated interaction between environmental factors and IL-23R polymorphisms in the risk of SLE, particularly in ethnically different populations. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of rs10889677, rs1884444, and rs7517847 polymorphisms between the patients with SLE and the control group in a Chinese population (for rs10889677: odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69-1.45; for rs1884444: OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.69-1.33; and for rs7517847: OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.67-1.27).
Automatic Ice Surface and Bottom Boundaries Estimation in Radar Imagery Based on Level-Set Approach (2017)

Accelerated loss of ice from Greenland and Antarctica has been observed in recent decades. The melting of polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers has considerable influence on sea level rise in a changing climate. Ice thickness is a key factor in making predictions about the future of massive ice reservoirs. The ice thickness can be estimated by calculating the exact location of the ice surface and subglacial topography beneath the ice in radar imagery. Identifying the locations of ice surface and bottom is typically performed manually, which is a very time-consuming procedure. Here, we propose an approach, which automatically detects ice surface and bottom boundaries using distance-regularized level-set evolution. In this approach, the complex topology of ice surface and bottom boundary layers can be detected simultaneously by evolving an initial curve in the radar imagery. Using a distance-regularized term, the regularity of the level-set function is intrinsically maintained, which solves the reinitialization issues arising from conventional level-set approaches. The results are evaluated on a large data set of airborne radar imagery collected during a NASA IceBridge mission over Antarctica and show promising results with respect to manually picked data.