gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-channel noise reduction using unified joint diagonalization and optimal filtering (2014)

In this paper, the important problem of single-channel noise reduction is treated from a new perspective. The problem is posed as a filtering problem based on joint diagonalization of the covariance matrices of the desired and noise signals. More specifically, the eigenvectors from the joint diagonalization corresponding to the least significant eigenvalues are used to form a filter, which effectively estimates the noise when applied to the observed signal. This estimate is then subtracted from the observed signal to form an estimate of the desired signal, i.e., the speech signal. In doing this, we consider two cases, where, respectively, no distortion and distortion are incurred on the desired signal. The former can be achieved when the covariance matrix of the desired signal is rank deficient, which is the case, for example, for voiced speech. In the latter case, the covariance matrix of the desired signal is full rank, as is the case, for example, in unvoiced speech. Here, the amount of distortion incurred is controlled via a simple, integer parameter, and the more distortion allowed, the higher the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Simulations demonstrate the properties of the two solutions. In the distortionless case, the proposed filter achieves only a slightly worse output SNR, compared to the Wiener filter, along with no signal distortion. Moreover, when distortion is allowed, it is possible to achieve higher output SNRs compared to the Wiener filter. Alternatively, when a lower output SNR is accepted, a filter with less signal distortion than the Wiener filter can be constructed.
LinkedCT Live: Platform for Online Curation of Clinical Trials Data. (2015)

The goal of the Linked Clinical Trials (LinkedCT) project is to transform the data published on ClinicalTrials.gov into a highquality knowledge base published as Linked Data on the Web. In this demonstration, we present the platform we have developed for both online curation of clinical trials data into linked data, and for rapid Web application development on top of this linked data. We also show a few sample applications built using this platform. We have made the project open-source and invite researchers and healthcare professionals to develop applications that will be hosted on LinkedCT.org.
Small acid soluble proteins for rapid spore identification. (2006)

This one year LDRD addressed the problem of rapid characterization of bacterial spores such as those from the genus Bacillus, the group that contains pathogenic spores such as B. anthracis. In this effort we addressed the feasibility of using a proteomics based approach to spore characterization using a subset of conserved spore proteins known as the small acid soluble proteins or SASPs. We proposed developing techniques that built on our previous expertise in microseparations to rapidly characterize or identify spores. An alternative SASP extraction method was developed that was amenable to both the subsequent fluorescent labeling required for laser-induced fluorescence detection and the low ionic strength requirements for isoelectric focusing. For the microseparations, both capillary isoelectric focusing and chip gel electrophoresis were employed. A variety of methods were evaluated to improve the molecular weight resolution for the SASPs, which are in a molecular weight range that is not well resolved by the current methods. Isoelectric focusing was optimized and employed to resolve the SASPs using UV absorbance detection. Proteomic signatures of native wild type Bacillus spores and clones genetically engineered to produce altered SASP patterns were assessed by slab gel electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing with absorbance detection as well as microchip based gel electrophoresis employing sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detection.
EFFECT OF LABETALOL ON THE UPTAKE OF [3H]‐(‐)‐NORADRENALINE INTO THE ISOLATED VAS DEFERENS OF THE RAT (1978)

The effects of the combined a‐ and, B‐adrenoceptor blocking drug, labetalol, on the uptake of [3H]4‐)‐noradrenaline into the isolated vas deferens of the rat have been determined and compared with those of some other ca‐adrenoceptor blocking drugs and cocaine. Labetalol, like cocaine, produced a simple competitive inhibition of [3H]‐(‐)‐noradrenaline uptake and was about 4 times less potent than cocaine. It is concluded that labetalol is a potent inhibitor of uptake1. Phentolamine and thymoxamine also inhibited [3H]‐(‐)‐noradrenaline uptake, and were respectively 8 and 14 times less potent than cocaine. Tolazoline, piperoxan and yohimbine were inactive in concentrations up to 30 ig/ml. The uptake1 blocking action of labetalol could explain, at least in part, the previously reported difference in its ability to block noradrenaline and phenylephrine vasopressor responses in the anaesthetized dog. The possibility that uptake1 inhibitory concentrations of labetalol could be present in the blood of subjects receiving normal antihypertensive doses of the drug is discussed.
Energy Recovery from High-Frequency Clocks Using DC-DC Converters (2008)

Large digital chips use a significant amount of energy to distribute a multi-GHz clock. By discharging the clock network to ground every cycle, the energy stored in this large capacitor is wasted. Instead, the energy can be recovered using an on-chip DC-DC converter. This paper investigates the integration of two DC-DC converter topologies, boost and buck-boost, with a high-speed clock driver. The high operating frequency significantly shrinks the required size of the L and C components so they can be placed on-chip; typical converters place them off-chip. The clock driver and DC-DC converter are able to share the entire tapered buffer chain, including the widest drive transistors in the final stage. To achieve voltage regulation, the must be modulated; implying only single-edge-triggered flops should be used. However, this minor drawback is eclipsed by the benefits: by recovering energy from the clock, the output power can actually exceed the additional power needed to operate the converter circuitry, resulting in an effective efficiency greater than 100%. Furthermore, the converter output can be used to operate additional power-saving features like low-voltage islands or body bias voltages.
Recombination deficient mutants of Streptococcus pyogenes K56 (1975)

Abstract Nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of the Group A streptococcal strain K56 known as a good recipient in phage‐mediated transduction led to the isolation of two recombination deficient mutants showing transduction frequencies of chromosomal markers about 100‐fold lower than those of the parent strain. These mutants were sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation but had retained their ability to reactivate UV‐irradiated phage A25. They were cross‐sensitive to the killing action of nitrosoguanidine and ethyl methane sulfonate and showed severely inhibited DNA synthesis after UV radiation.
Intracavity Second-Harmonic Generation Ring Lasers (1991)

We shall describe the spectrum, temporal dependence, and efficiency of intracavity second harmonic generation ring lasers (ISHRL). We solve for the dynamics of ISHRL containing a homogeneously broadened gain medium, a phasematched doubling medium, a tuner, and a dichroic output coupler (see Fig. 1). The dynamics of each of these elements is described analytically (except for the doubling element, which must be solved numerically if the slowly varying envelope of the electric field is complex, i.e., if FM modulation is present). We show that cw single-mode operation of ISHRL is stable against the growth of additional modes due to amplitude-modulated (AM) fluctuations of the fundamental, however, frequency-modulated (FM) fluctuations are not damped. Cw operation tends to single longitudinal mode output provided no frequency modulation arises. Multimode frequency-modulated cw operation can be achieved. Methods for achieving anti-modelocked laser output are described. We consider the temporal dependence and efficiency of Q-switched ISHRL. Comparision with the Q-switched fundamental laser (not containing second harmonic generation) demonstrates that ISHRL can be even more efficient than the fundamental laser. General principies for assuring controlled intracavity fundamental intensity buildup are presented. Injection of multimode pulses and modelocked pulses into Q-switched ISHRL are considered.
Trends in design and construction of steel highway bridges in the United States (2001)

Abstract After a less than exciting close to the twentieth century, US steel bridge design and construction is entering the new century rejuvenated. An effort spearheaded by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) during the 1990s, educated practicing bridge designers in the most up‐to‐date and cost‐effective steel bridge design and construction practices and details. Recent significant trends in the design and construction of steel highway bridges in the United States which are having an impact on the culture of bridge design and construction are the result of research into three aspects of bridge engineering: design methodologies, high‐performance materials and innovative design concepts. Herein, the development and adoption of the new reliability‐based bridge design specifications, the research effort sponsored jointly by the AISI, FHWA and the US Navy introducing high‐performance steel (HPS), and two studies of innovative steel bridge design concepts conceived to take advantage of the higher strength, increased toughness and simpler fabrication of the newly developed high‐performance steels are reviewed.
Oxygen Vacancy Induced Substantial Threshold Voltage Shifts in the Hf-based High-KMISFET with p+poly-Si Gates -A Theoretical Approach (2004)

A theoretical investigation has been made of the origin of substantial threshold voltage (Vth) shifts observed in p+poly-Si gate Hf-based metal insulator semiconductor field effect transistors (MISFETs), by focusing on the effect of oxygen vacancy (VO) formation in HfO2. It has been found that VO formation and subsequent electron transfer across the interface definitely causes substantial Vth shifts, especially in p+poly-Si gate MISFETs. Moreover, the theory also systematically reproduces recent experimental reports that large flat band (Vfb) shifts are observed, even in intrinsic poly-Si gates, and that the Vfb shifts exhibit a high dependence on HfSiOx thickness.
Flexible Autonomous Behaviors of Kinesin and Muscle Myosin Bio-Nanorobots (2012)

Kinesin and muscle myosin are considered as physical bio-nanoagents able to sense their cells through their sensors, make decision internally, and perform actions through their actuators. This paper has investigated and compared the flexible (reactive, pro-active, and interactive) autonomous behaviors of kinesin and muscle myosin bio-nanorobots. Using an automata algorithm, the agent-based deterministic finite automaton models of the internal decision making processes of the bio-nanorobots (as their reactive and pro-active capabilities) were converted to their respective computational regular languages (as their interactive capabilities). The resulted computational languages could represent the flexible autonomous behaviors of the bio-nanorobots. The proposed regular languages also reflected the degree of the autonomy and intelligence of internal decision-making processes of the bio-nanorobots in response to their environments. The comparison of flexible autonomous behaviors of kinesin and muscle myosin bio-nanorobots indicated that both bio-nanorobots employed regular languages to interact with their environments through two sensors and one actuator. Moreover, the results showed that kinesin bio-nanorobot used a more complex regular language to interact with its environment compared with muscle myosin bio-nanorobot. Therefore, our results have revealed that the flexible autonomous behavior of kinesin bio-nanorobot was more complicated than the flexible autonomous behavior of muscle myosin bio-nanorobot.
Changes in Task Demands Alter the Pattern of zif268Expression in the Dentate Gyrus (2011)

Granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) are thought to disambiguate similar experiences--a process termed pattern separation. Using zif268 as a marker of cellular activity, DG function was assessed in rats performing two tasks: a place task (go east) and a response task (turn right). As these tasks occurred within the same physical space (a plus maze) without any physical cue to indicate the correct strategy in a given trial, this scenario critically involves disambiguation of task demands and presumably pattern separation. Performance of the two tasks induced zif268 expression in distinct populations of granule cells within the suprapyramidal but not the infrapyramidal blade of the DG. Repeated performance of the same task (i.e., two response-task trials or two place-task trials), however, elicited zif268 expression within a single subset of the granule cell population. This differential transcription pattern shows that the retrieval of different behavioral strategies or mnemonic demands recruit distinct ensembles of granule cells, possibly to prevent interference between memories of events occurring within the same physical space to permit the selection of appropriate responses.
Update on MHD Control of Supersonic / Hypersonic Boundary-Layer Transition (2003)

The Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Vehicles Directorate, has sponsored computational and experimental research in the control of hypersonic boundary layer transition through a Small Business Innovation Research contract since the year 2000. This work has been presented in several previous papers.
Asymptotic system identification method based on particle swarm optimization (2009)

In general, structure of a system to be identified is unknown for users a priori. This makes the model complex and high order structure. In this paper, we introduce the asymptotic method (ASYM) to deal with the problem. ASYM calculates a high-order model using the well-known least squares method, then reduces the identified model to a simple one. For this model reduction, various model reduction techniques such as balanced realization and output error reduction were developed. In this paper, a new method to reduce the high-order model using the particle swarm optimization in the frequency domain is proposed. Effectiveness of the proposed method is examined through numerical examples.
Ipsilateral Lesion Detection Refinement for Tomosynthesis (2023)

Computer-aided detection (CAD) frameworks for breast cancer screening have been researched for several decades. Early adoption of deep-learning models in CAD frameworks has shown greatly improved detection performance compared to traditional CAD on single-view images. Recently, studies have improved performance by merging information from multiple views within each screening exam. Clinically, the integration of lesion correspondence during screening is a complicated decision process that depends on the correct execution of several referencing steps. However, most multi-view CAD frameworks are deep-learning-based black-box techniques. Fully end-to-end designs make it very difficult to analyze model behaviors and fine-tune performance. More importantly, the black-box nature of the techniques discourages clinical adoption due to the lack of explicit reasoning for each multi-view referencing step. Therefore, there is a need for a multi-view detection framework that can not only detect cancers accurately but also provide step-by-step, multi-view reasoning. In this work, we present Ipsilateral-Matching-Refinement Networks (IMR-Net) for digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) lesion detection across multiple views. Our proposed framework adaptively refines the single-view detection scores based on explicit ipsilateral lesion matching. IMR-Net is built on a robust, single-view detection CAD pipeline with a commercial development DBT dataset of 24675 DBT volumetric views from 8034 exams. Performance is measured using location-based, case-level receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and case-level free-response ROC (FROC) analysis.
Application of an Advanced Dynamic-Underbalance Perforating System for Improved Oil Production in Development Wells: Case Histories from Eastern Venezuela (2009)

Abstract The deep reservoir sandstones of the El Furrial and Pirital oilfields, located in northern Monagas state, eastern Venezuela, are famous for their high degree of geological complexity and heterogeneity. Typical well completions in this area consist of natural flow from multiple intervals through perforations in cemented casing. However, conventional perforating guns used in these completions cause additional near-wellbore formation damage that adversely affects well productivity and results in reduced productivity indexes in these wells. There have been significant efforts in recent years to implement new methods and technologies to produce cleaner perforations and better production rates. One of these technologies is a new dynamic underbalance perforation system which allows precise management of the underbalance differential pressures to produce a relatively clean perforated tunnel while minimizing formation damage. Application of this system results in improved connectivity between the reservoir and wellbore which allows substantial improvement in oil production rates. Formation petrophysical properties are used to determine whether an interval is a suitable candidate for application of this technology. A separate nodal analysis model is created for every reservoir interval in each well. These models are designed to represent the actual and expected production conditions and account for reservoir heterogeneity. In the El Furrial and Pirital fields, reservoir properties can vary widely: permeabilities from 0.1 to 1,000 mD; porosities from 9 to 18%; oil gravities from 22° to 32° API; static pressures from 6,000 to 8,000 psi; and confined compressive strengths from 7,000 to 20,000 psi. This paper presents case histories from wells in eastern Venezuela to illustrate the production benefits derived from this advanced perforating system technology. In three wells, supporting evidence demonstrates that near-wellbore damage caused by this new innovative underbalance perforation system is close to zero, resulting in over 100 % increase in the productivity index. In the fourth case history, we discuss the reasons why the actual well production rates did not achieve the rates projected by nodal analysis.
Antifolate and antibacterial activities of 5-substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazolines (1990)

A series of 5-substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazolines (3) has been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from both bacterial and mammalian sources. The best compounds (e.g. 53) show good activity against Escherichia coli DHFR, but there is no significant selectivity for the bacterial over the mammalian enzyme. The structure-activity relationships for enzyme inhibition appear to be complex and not amenable to simple analysis; a hypothesis to explain the observed qualitative structure-activity relationships is proposed. The inhibitory activities of the compounds against the growth of intact bacterial cells in vitro closely parallel those for the inhibition of the isolated bacterial enzymes, suggesting that their antifolate action is responsible for their antibacterial effects. Five of the compounds were tested for their ability to cure a systemic E. coli infection in the mouse, but they showed no therapeutic effects at their maximum tolerated doses.
Sharing Smart Card Authenticated Sessions Using Proxies (2016)

This paper discusses an approach to share a smart card in one machine with other machines accessible on the local network or the Internet. This allows a user at a browser to use the shared card remotely and access web applications that require smart card authentication. This also enables users to access these applications from browsers and machines that do not have the capability to use a smart card. The approach uses proxies and card reader code to provide this capability to the requesting device. Previous work with remote or shared smart card use either requires continuous access to the smart card machine or specific client software. The approach in this paper works for any device and browser that has proxy settings, creates minimal network traffic and computation on the smart card machine, and allows the client to transfer from one network to another while maintaining connectivity to a server. This paper describes the smart card sharing approach, implementation and validation of the approach using real systems, and security implications for an enterprise using smart cards.
High-Mobility Doped Polymers (1995)

Hole mobilities have been measured in 1,1-bis(di-4-tolylaminophenyl)cyclohexane (TAPC) doped in a series of segmented thermoplastic polymers. For TAPC concentrations of 25 wt%, the mobilities are as high as 3×10 -3 cm 2 /V·s. To our knowledge, these values are a factor of 100 higher than any hole mobilities described in the literature for this dopant concentration.
Cytotoxicity of Metal and Semiconductor Nanoparticles Indicated by Cellular Micromotility (2008)

In the growing field of nanotechnology, there is an urgent need to sensitively determine the toxicity of nanoparticles since many technical and medical applications are based on controlled exposure to particles, that is, as contrast agents or for drug delivery. Before the in vivo implementation, in vitro cell experiments are required to achieve a detailed knowledge of toxicity and biodegradation as a function of the nanoparticles' physical and chemical properties. In this study, we show that the micromotility of animal cells as monitored by electrical cell-substrate impedance analysis (ECIS) is highly suitable to quantify in vitro cytotoxicity of semiconductor quantum dots and gold nanorods. The method is validated by conventional cytotoxicity testing and accompanied by fluorescence and dark-field microscopy to visualize changes in the cytoskeleton integrity and to determine the location of the particles within the cell.
Early cutpoint insertion for high-level software vs. RTL formal combinational equivalence verification (2006)

Ever-growing complexity is forcing design to move above RTL. For example, golden functional models are being written as clearly as possible in software and not optimized or intended for synthesis. Thus, equivalence verification between the high-level software functional model and the RTL is needed. The typical approach is to convert the high-level software into RTL or gate-level hardware, via software path enumeration, symbolic execution, or high-level synthesis techniques, and then use hardware combinational equivalence checking. The principle contribution of this paper is to introduce cutpoints --- as in gate-level combinational equivalence verification --- early during the analysis of the software model, thereby avoiding exponential path enumeration and the potential logical complexity blow-up of merging execution paths that can occur in the usual approach. The method is conservative, but in our experiments, we did not encounter spurious counterexamples, and the method showed large improvements in runtime and memory usage on a family of IA-32 subset instruction length decoders, an industry-suggested challenge problem.