gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive In-cell Determination of Free Cytosolic [NAD+]/[NADH] Ratios Using Hyperpolarized Glucose Show Large Variations in Metabolic Phenotypes (2013)

Accumulating evidence suggest that the pyridine nucleotide NAD has far wider biological functions than its classical role in energy metabolism. NAD is used by hundreds of enzymes that catalyze substrate oxidation and, as such, it plays a key role in various biological processes such as aging, cell death, and oxidative stress. It has been suggested that changes in the ratio of free cytosolic [NAD(+)]/[NADH] reflects metabolic alterations leading to, or correlating with, pathological states. We have designed an isotopically labeled metabolic bioprobe of free cytosolic [NAD(+)]/[NADH] by combining a magnetic enhancement technique (hyperpolarization) with cellular glycolytic activity. The bioprobe reports free cytosolic [NAD(+)]/[NADH] ratios based on dynamically measured in-cell [pyruvate]/[lactate] ratios. We demonstrate its utility in breast and prostate cancer cells. The free cytosolic [NAD(+)]/[NADH] ratio determined in prostate cancer cells was 4 times higher than in breast cancer cells. This higher ratio reflects a distinct metabolic phenotype of prostate cancer cells consistent with previously reported alterations in the energy metabolism of these cells. As a reporter on free cytosolic [NAD(+)]/[NADH] ratio, the bioprobe will enable better understanding of the origin of diverse pathological states of the cell as well as monitor cellular consequences of diseases and/or treatments.
Magnetic moment ofAuatAu∕Cointerfaces: A direct experimental determination (2004)

X-ray magnetic circular dichroic measurements at the ${L}_{3,2}$ edges of $\text{Au}$ in $\text{Co}∕\text{Au}$ multilayers are reported. A clear evidence for $\text{Au}$ polarization is provided. The induced magnetic moment of $\text{Au}$ is very small, about one order of magnitude smaller than in Co∕Pt multilayers. The ratio of orbital-to-spin magnetic moment of $\text{Au}$ is found to be ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{L}∕{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{S}=0.12$. The ferromagnetic response of $\text{Au}$ and its role on the interpretation of the magneto-optic spectra of $\text{Co}∕\text{Au}$ multilayers are discussed with respect to first principle calculations.
Thermal Qualification of the UHTCMCs Produced Using RF-CVI Technique with VMK Facility at DLR (2022)

Ultra high-temperature ceramic matrix composites (UHTCMCs) based on carbon fibre (Cf) have been shown to offer excellent temperature stability exceeding 2000 °C in highly corrosive environments, which are prime requirements for various aerospace applications. In C3Harme, a recent European Union-funded Horizon 2020 project, an experimental campaign has been carried out to assess and screen a range of UHTCMC materials for near-zero ablation rocket nozzle and thermal protection systems. Samples with ZrB2-impregnated pyrolytic carbon matrices and 2.5D woven continuous carbon fibre preforms, produced by slurry impregnation and radio frequency aided chemical vapour infiltration (RF-CVI), were tested using the vertical free jet facility at DLR, Cologne using solid propellants. When compared to standard CVI, RFCVI accelerates pyrolytic carbon densification, resulting in a much shorter manufacturing time. The samples survived the initial thermal shock and subsequent surface temperatures of &gt;2000 °C with a minimal ablation rate. Post-test characterisation revealed a correlation between surface temperature and an accelerated catalytic activity, which lead to an understanding of the crucial role of preserving the bulk of the sample.
In vitro production of basement membrane collagen by a clonal line of mouse lens epithelial cells (1981)

The basement membrane is a structure of prime importance for the proper functioning of certain organs such as the lens and the kidney. Its inaccessibility and resistance to extraction, however, make an absolute determination of its composition difficult. The establishment of a cell line that synthesizes authentic basement membrane components in vitro would make basement membrane components more easily obtained, and would provide a controlled situation which could be more easily manipulated. In this report, a Balb/C mouse lens epithelial cell line was investigated. The cells were observed to undergo morphological transformations in vitro depending upon the cell density. As cell-cell contacts became prevalent, stellate cells organized into an epithelioid sheet. Later, elongate cells and lentoid bodies predominated in the culture. Thus, morphologically the cells mimicked the in vivo transition of the lens epithelial cells into lens fiber cells. Furthermore, the collagen(s) synthesized by these cells reacted specifically with affinity purified antibody directed against mouse type IV collagen. These morphological and immunological data lend credence to the concept that this lens epithelial cell line is an authentic replica of the in vivo situation.
Skin Tags: A Cutaneous Marker for Colonic Polyps (1983)

The relation between adenomatous colonic polyps and the development of adenocarcinoma of the colon is well established. An association between skin tags and colonic polyps in patients with acromegaly has also been reported. To ascertain if skin tags are a cutaneous marker for colonic polyps independent of the presence of acromegaly, 100 men referred for colonoscopy were studied. Forty-six patients had colonic polyps and 37 also had skin tags; the correlation was highly significant (p less than 0.005). The sensitivity and specificity of the presence of skin tags serving as a cutaneous marker for adenomatous colonic polyps were both greater than 75%. Thus, at least in this population, skin tags may serve as a means for identifying patients at increased risk for having colonic polyps.
On production of gamma rays and Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanches from Martian dust storms (2017)

Production of runaway electron avalanches and gamma rays originating inside Martian dust storms are studied using Monte Carlo simulations. In the absence of in situ measurements, we use theoretical predictions of electric fields inside dust storms. Electrons are produced through the relativistic runaway electron avalanches process, and energetic photons are results of the bremsstrahlung scattering of the electrons with the air. Characteristic lengths of the runaway electron avalanche for different electric fields and the energy spectrum of electrons are derived and compared to their terrestrial counterparts. It is found that it is possible for Martian dust storms to develop energetic electron avalanches and produce large fluxes of gamma ray photons similar to terrestrial gamma ray flashes from Earth's thunderstorms. The phenomenon could be called Martian gamma ray flash, and due to the very thin atmosphere on Mars, it can be observed by both ground-based instruments or satellites orbiting the planet.
Mesenteric Revascularization in a Contaminated Abdomen (2001)

The management of acute mesenteric ischemia in the contaminated abdomen may require the use of an autogenous graft to achieve mesenteric revascularization. The authors present a case of an ischemic small bowel perforation in a 62-year-old-woman whose preoperative angiogram demonstrated occlusion of the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries. Vein mapping of the right greater saphenous vein demonstrated a dual saphenous system whose individual diameters were more than 4 millimeters. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a diffusely ischemic small bowel and liver, as well as abdominal sepsis from the perforated small bowel. Revascularization was accomplished by using saphenous vein in a nonreversed orientation as a bifurcated conduit from the supraceliac aorta to the hepatic and superior mesenteric arteries. Following revascularization, the liver and small bowel immediately regained a normal perfused appearance and the perforated segment of small bowel was resected and reanastomosed. She returned for a follow-up clinic visit 5 months later and was found to have an asymptomatic 6 cm aneurysm involving the proximal mesenteric vein bypass. The aneurysmal aspect of the vein bypass was replaced with a polytetrafluoroethylene interposition graft originating from the supraceliac aorta. On follow-up 3 months later, her aortomesenteric bypass is patent without aneurysmal recurrence, and she is clinically asymptomatic from any symptoms of mesenteric ischemia.
Improved case confirmation in meningococcal disease with whole blood Taqman PCR (2002)

The sensitivity of PCR in confirming clinical MCD has improved significantly with this new method. The gold standard for confirming cases of MCD is now the WB-Taqman PCR.
Antitumor effect of 22-oxa-calcitriol, a noncalcemic analogue of calcitriol, in athymic mice implanted with human breast carcinoma and its synergism with tamoxifen. (1993)

The antitumor effect of 22-oxa-calcitriol (OCT), a newly developed noncalcemic analogue of calcitriol, was examined in vivo in athymic mice implanted with human breast carcinoma with or without estrogen receptor (ER). In ER-positive MCF-7 tumor, the growth of which was dependent on exogenous estrogen, administration p.o. of OCT as well as the antiestrogen tamoxifen five times a week for 4 weeks suppressed tumor growth in a dose-related fashion. The antitumor effect of 1.0 microgram/kg body weight (BW) OCT (mean +/- SEM of tumor weight in 6 mice: 28 +/- 4% of vehicle-treated group) was comparable to that of 2.0 mg/kg BW tamoxifen (25 +/- 6% of control group). In addition, a synergistic antitumor effect of submaximal doses of OCT and tamoxifen was observed in MCF-7 tumor in vivo as well as in ER-positive breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7 and ZR-75-1) in vitro. Administration of OCT p.o. three times a week for 4 weeks also suppressed the growth of ER-negative MX-1 tumor in a dose-dependent manner without raising serum calcium concentrations. The antitumor effect of 1.0 microgram/kg BW OCT (mean +/- SEM of tumor weight in 10 mice: 44 +/- 6% of vehicle-treated group) was greater than that of 500 micrograms/kg BW Adriamycin (71 +/- 6% of control group). These results indicate that OCT suppresses the growth of ER-negative as well as ER-positive breast carcinoma in vivo without causing hypercalcemia and that the antitumor effect of OCT can be enhanced by tamoxifen in an ER-positive tumor. It is suggested that OCT may provide a new strategy, either alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs, for systemic adjuvant therapy of breast carcinoma regardless of ER status.
Energy Status of Nonmatured and In Vitro-Matured Domestic Cat Oocytes and of Different Stages of In Vitro-Produced Embryos: Enzymatic Removal of the Zona Pellucida Increases Adenosine Triphosphate Content and Total Cell Number of Blastocysts (2001)

In this study, we evaluated the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content of individual domestic cat oocytes before and after in vitro maturation and of different stages of in vitro-produced embryos. To investigate the effects of assisted-hatching technique on the ATP content and total cell number, the zona pellucida of in vitro-produced blastocysts and expanded blastocysts (recovered 144 h postinsemination [hpi]) was completely removed by pronase treatment. The average (mean +/- SEM) ATP content of nonmatured oocytes (3.47 +/- 0.18 pmol) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that of in vitro-matured oocytes (2.17 +/- 0.10 pmol). After in vitro fertilization and culture, the ATP content of two-cell stages (24 hpi) was 1.17 +/- 0.08 pmol, which increased to 1.47 +/- 0.19 and 1.88 +/- 0.32 pmol at the four- (40 hpi) and eight-cell (48 hpi) stages, respectively. The ATP content then decreased to 1.48 +/- 0.10 pmol in 16-cell embryos (64 hpi), reaching a minimum of 0.49 +/- 0.04 pmol at the morula stage (120 hpi). Blastocysts, expanded blastocysts (both 144 hpi), and hatching blastocysts (192 hpi) revealed ATP levels of 1.05 +/- 0.09, 1.79 +/- 0.01, and 4.17 +/- 0.21 pmol, respectively. After enzymatic removal of the zona pellucida (ERZP) at 144 hpi, ATP content and total cell numbers of blastocysts (4.15 +/- 0.37 pmol of ATP, 328.3 +/- 48.5 cells) and expanded blastocysts (5.81 +/- 0.54 pmol of ATP, 430.1 +/- 29.7 cells) analyzed at 192 hpi were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than in their nontreated counterparts (blastocysts: 1.00 +/- 0.09 pmol of ATP, 65.3 +/- 4.6 cells; expanded blastocysts: 1.79 +/- 0.11 pmol of ATP, 121.4 +/- 6.5 cells). Our study describes, to our knowledge for the first time, changes in the energy status of domestic cat oocytes before and after maturation and during in vitro development after fertilization. The ERZP markedly increased the ATP content and total cell number of blastocyst stages, suggesting that this technique may improve the quality and viability of in vitro-produced domestic cat embryos.
Radiosensitivity in breast cancer assessed by the histone γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci (2013)

http://www.krebshilfe.de/wir-foerdern.html.
The probabilistic niche model reveals substantial variation in the niche structure of empirical food webs (2011)

The structure of food webs, complex networks of interspecies feeding interactions, plays a crucial role in ecosystem resilience and function, and understanding food web structure remains a central problem in ecology. Previous studies have shown that key features of empirical food webs can be reproduced by low-dimensional "niche" models. Here we examine the form and variability of food web niche structure by fitting a probabilistic niche model to 37 empirical food webs, a much larger number of food webs than used in previous studies. The model relaxes previous assumptions about parameter distributions and hierarchy and returns parameter estimates for each species in each web. The model significantly outperforms previous niche model variants and also performs well for several webs where a body-size-based niche model performs poorly, implying that traits other than body size are important in structuring these webs' niche space. Parameter estimates frequently violate previous models' assumptions: in 19 of 37 webs, parameter values are not significantly hierarchical, 32 of 37 webs have nonuniform niche value distributions, and 15 of 37 webs lack a correlation between niche width and niche position. Extending the model to a two-dimensional niche space yields networks with a mixture of one- and two-dimensional niches and provides a significantly better fit for webs with a large number of species and links. These results confirm that food webs are strongly niche-structured but reveal substantial variation in the form of the niche structuring, a result with fundamental implications for ecosystem resilience and function.
Double-Side-Coated Nanomechanical Membrane-Type Surface Stress Sensor (MSS) for One-Chip–One-Channel Setup (2013)

With their capability for real-time and label-free detection of targets ranging from gases to biological molecules, nanomechanical sensors are expected to contribute to various fields, such as medicine, security, and environmental science. For practical applications, one of the major issues of nanomechanical sensors is the difficulty of coating receptor layers on their surfaces to which target molecules adsorb or react. To have measurable deflection, a single-side coating is commonly applied to cantilever-type geometry, and it requires specific methods or protocols, such as inkjet spotting or gold-thiol chemistry. If we can apply a double-side coating to nanomechanical sensors, it allows almost any kind of coating technique including dip coating methods, making nanomechanical sensors more useful with better user experiences. Here we address the feasibility of the double-side coating on nanomechanical sensors demonstrated by a membrane-type surface stress sensor (MSS) and verify its working principle by both finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments. In addition, simple hand-operated dip coating is demonstrated as a proof of concept, achieving practical receptor layers without any complex instrumentation. Because the double-side coating is compatible with batch protocols such as dip coating, double-side-coated MSS represents a new paradigm of one-chip-one-channel (channels on a chip are all coated with the same receptor layers) shifting from the conventional one-chip-multiple-channel (channels on a chip are coated with different receptor layers) paradigm.
Structural and spectroscopic studies of some copper(i) halide tert-butyl isocyanide adducts (2008)

Single-crystal structural characterizations confirm the existence of the unusual 1 : 4 copper(I) halide : unidentate ligand adducts [Cu(CNt-Bu)4]X for X = Cl, Br (two forms), I (the chloride and one form of the bromide being solvated) with crystal packing dominated by stacks of interleaving cations. Cu-C range between 1.941(2) and 1.972(4) A. The structure of the 1 : 2 chloride complex is also recorded, being [ClCu(CNt-Bu)2], with the copper(I) atom environment trigonal planar, while CuCN : (CNt-Bu) (1 : 1) is a single-stranded polymer which spirals about a crystallographic 3-axis (CN scrambled), the ligands being pendant from the ...CuCNCuCN... string. The (5Cu static broadline NMR spectra of [Cu(CNt-Bu)4]I and [Cu(CNt-Bu)4]Br.H2O in the solid state exhibit dominant, narrow -1/2 <--> +1/2 central transition resonances and associated +/-1/2 <--> +/-3/2 satellite transition resonances which are characteristic of first-order quadrupole broadened systems, while associated high-resolution 65Cu MAS NMR data provide accurate measurement of the 65Cu isotropic chemical shifts. Both approaches provide complete data on the quadrupole and chemical shift interactions which contribute to these spectra. Far-IR spectra of products of reactions involving a range of CuX : t-BuNC ratios reveal the existence of 1 : 1.5 adducts for X = Br, I. Metal-carbon and metal-halogen bands are assigned in the far-IR spectra, which indicate a binuclear double halogen-bridged structure for the 1 : 1.5 complexes.
Physically non-cloneable arbiter -type function with non-linear path pairs (2023)

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) are basic physical cryptographical primitives, providing to solve tasks such as unclonable identification, digital device authentication and copyright authentication, true random sequence generation, etc. The major features of PUFs are stability, unpredictability and irreproducibility, due to uncontrollable random variations of distinctive features of the raw materials and technological processes used during their manufacturing. Generally, PUF are digital circuits that extract such variations and convert them into a binary format, which applied for further use. Among the variety of PUF types, an Arbiter PUF (APUF) is distinguished, which is a digital circuit with N-bit challenge input and single output for one-bit response generation. The functionality of APUF is based on comparison of transition time of two copies of the test signal along a pair of configurable paths, selected by the challenge value CH from a set of 2N all possible pairs. The result of the comparison is the binary value of the response. The set of all challenge-response pairs is a random, unpredictable and irreproducible in the cases of implementation of cloned PUF circuits both on single and/or on another chips, also using different technologies. This article presents a new approach to the synthesis of the APUF circuits, based on the permutation network elements, which allow to construct the nonlinear structures of pair of paths. This implies the potential complication of building an APUF model to attack its implemented instances. This article presents new schematic solutions for the synthesis of APUF circuits. Also, the main characteristics of the proposed APUF circuits implemented on the Xilinx Zynq-7000 FPGA is analyzed.
Dark Endothelial Spots After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty May Appear as Recurrent Fuchs Dystrophy or Herald Graft Failure or Rejection (2017)

Dark endothelial spots after DMEK for FED may not represent a recurrent disease, but tissue irregularities just anterior to the graft. However, if associated with changes in endothelial cell morphology, nuclear activation and/or ECD decrease, dark discolorations may reflect "cellular stress" heralding secondary graft failure or (subclinical) allograft rejection.
Zeolitic-imidazolate-framework (ZIF-8)/PEDOT:PSS composite counter electrode for low cost and efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (2018)

ZIF-8 polystyrenesulfonate-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (ZIF-8/PEDOT:PSS) is prepared and used as the alternative counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on I<sup>−</sup>/I<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and Co<sup>2+</sup>/Co<sup>3+</sup> redox mediators.
Searching Shared Content in Communities with the Data Ring (2009)

Information ubiquity has created a large crowd of users (most notably scientists), who could employ DBMS technology to share and search their data more effectively. Still, this user base prefers to keep its data in files that can be easily managed by applications such as spreadsheets, rather than deal with the complexity and rigidity of modern database systems. In this article, we describe a vision for enabling non-experts, such as scientists, to build content sharing communities in a true database fashion: declaratively. The proposed infrastructure, called the data ring, enables users to share and search their data with minimal effort; the user points to the data that should be shared, and the data ring becomes responsible for automatically indexing the data (to make it accessible), replicating it (for availability), and reorganizing its physical storage (for better query performance). We outline the salient features of our proposal, and outline recent technical advancements in realizing data rings. 1
An Investigation of Electro-Hydraulic High Efficient Power Package Configurations for a More Electric Aircraft System Architecture (2020)

The trend for optimized electric secondary power generation and distribution systems in commercial aircraft requires electric actuation technology. Electro-hydraulic systems with electric motor-driven pumps (EMP) will likely serve as bridge technology for several actuation functions in the medium- (or long-) term. They enable to apply dissimilar actuation technologies in critical applications or where intrinsic advantages of hydraulic actuation shall be kept. Following the general design requirements for more electric aircraft (MEA) systems, like higher efficiency, lower cost, easier maintenance, and quicker installation, this study investigates the application of electro-hydraulic high efficient power packages (eHEPP) as electro-hydraulic supply modules. The eHEPP integrates the hydraulic system components and the EMP in a compact line replaceable unit. A variable speed EMP concept is applied to achieve a high efficiency of the eHEPP. Under the assumption that landing gear and empennage flight control actuation is hydraulic, different system configurations, ranging from a centralized system with one main eHEPP to a distributed system with local eHEPPs, are designed. In order to find the best concept the key performance of these configurations is evaluated according to the criteria system mass, reliability, availability and efficiency. The evaluation is based on a steady state system sizing and preliminary safety studies. A typical short range aircraft, similar to the Airbus A320 or the Boeing 737, serves as reference for geometry and flight control concept. The study was performed in cooperation with Liebherr-Aerospace Lindenberg GmbH as part of its contribution to the Clean Sky 2 Systems ITD.