gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CpG methylation of the PAI-1 gene 5’-flanking region is inversely correlated with PAI-1 mRNA levels in human cell lines (2005)

The physiological and pathophysiological functions of PAI-1 are related to its expression by specific cell types in normal and diseased tissues. We analysed the contribution of DNA methylation to the variation in PAI-1 mRNA levels in five cell lines. We found varying frequencies of methylation of 25 CpGs in the -805/+152 region of the PAI-1 gene in Bowes, MCF-7 and U937 cells, while little or no methylation was detected in Hep2 and HT- 1080 cells. The methylation frequency was inversely correlated with PAI-1 mRNA level within its 20-fold range in Bowes, MCF-7, U937,and Hep2 cells, while the lack of methylation in both Hep2 and HT-1080 cells suggested another mechanism behind the 150-fold higher level in HT- 1080 cells than in Hep2 cells. However, all cell lines exhibited a high frequency of methylation of 10 CpGs in a CpG island at about--1800. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine led up to circa a 40-fold increase in the PAI-1 mRNA level and a strong decrease in the frequency of methylation in the -805/+152 region in Bowes, MCF-7 and U937. The histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A induced a several fold increase of the PAI-I mRNA level in cells with a high methylation frequency of the -805/+152 region. As compared with matched normal tissue, three samples of oral squamous cell carcinomas displayed decreased frequencies of methylation of the PAI-1 5' flanking region and increased levels of PAI-1 mRNA. These results for the first time implicate DNA methylation and histone acetylation in regulation of the PAI-1 gene, and indicate that without proper CpG islands in 5'-flanking region,trancription may be regulated by methylation of less dense CpGs in the 5'-flanking region rather than methylation of upstream CpG island.
The Role of Fingerprints in the Coding of Tactile Information Probed with a Biomimetic Sensor (2009)

In humans, the tactile perception of fine textures (spatial scale <200 micrometers) is mediated by skin vibrations generated as the finger scans the surface. To establish the relationship between texture characteristics and subcutaneous vibrations, a biomimetic tactile sensor has been designed whose dimensions match those of the fingertip. When the sensor surface is patterned with parallel ridges mimicking the fingerprints, the spectrum of vibrations elicited by randomly textured substrates is dominated by one frequency set by the ratio of the scanning speed to the interridge distance. For human touch, this frequency falls within the optimal range of sensitivity of Pacinian afferents, which mediate the coding of fine textures. Thus, fingerprints may perform spectral selection and amplification of tactile information that facilitate its processing by specific mechanoreceptors.
Predicting which type of push notification content motivates users to engage in a self-monitoring app (2018)

Despite the unprecedented access to self-monitoring health apps, lack of optimal user engagement remains a significant challenge. Push notification prompts with contextually tailored messages offers a promising strategy to improve engagement. To increase the efficacy of push-notifications on engaging individuals with health apps, greater attention to the modifiable components of push notifications that influence responsiveness is needed. This study examines the effect of message content and frequency of push notifications, along with past app usage on responding to notifications within 24 h, and engaging with self-monitoring in JOOL Health smartphone app. Mixed models were applied on a de-identified data set of 18,000 contextually tailored push notifications sent by JOOL Health App to 1414 participants. The content in sent messages on behavioural topics were mapped into either tailored suggestions or tailored insights. Our findings suggest that push notifications with tailored suggestions were more effective overall in encouraging self-monitoring, but amongst frequent app users, push-notifications containing insights was associated with greater self-monitoring. People who were not using the app as frequently were less likely to respond to a prompt. This study suggests that push-notification content does have an impact on subsequent use of key app features, and app developers should consider what content is likely to work best for who, and under what circumstances. Secondary data-analysis of commercial apps presents a unique opportunity to elucidate and optimize health behaviors.
Gadolinium Enhancement of the Aneurysm Wall in Extracranial Carotid Artery Aneurysms (2020)

In this explorative study, we demonstrated that extracranial carotid artery aneurysm wall imaging was feasible. Future well-powered studies are needed to investigate whether extracranial carotid artery aneurysm gadolinium enhancement predicts aneurysm growth and thromboembolic complications.
Error performance analysis of space-time codes over Rayleigh fading channels (2000)

Space-time coding is a bandwidth and power efficient method of communication over fading channels that realizes the benefits of multiple transmit and receive antennas. This novel technique has attracted much attention recently. However, currently the only analytical guide to the performance of space-time codes is an upper bound [1] which could be quite loose in many cases. In this paper, an exact pairwise error probability is derived for space-time codes operating over Rayleigh fading channels. Based on this expression, an analytical estimate for bit error probability is computed, taking into account dominant error events. Simulation results indicate that the estimates are of high accuracy in a broad range of signal-to-noise ratios.
Syntactic Constructions Drive Cortical Tracking in the Absence of Lexical Content: An Electrophysiological Investigation of Sentence Processing During Reading (2023)

Abstract It has been suggested that the synchronization of neural oscillations to syntactic units, such as phrases or clauses, is dependent on lexically-derived projections of syntactic structure. This assertion is based on recent evidence that participants are unable to effectively track syntax when listening to jabberwocky sentences, in which content words are replaced with pseudowords thereby eliminating lexically-derived syntactic projections (Coopmans et al., 2022; Kaufeld et al., 2020). In the present study, we extend the findings from these two studies and present evidence that participants can in fact track syntactic units in jabberwocky sentences when the stimuli are presented visually – a methodological difference that allows participants to easily parse individual words in the sentence. We interpret this finding as indicating that tracking the phrase structure of a sentence can take place in the absence of content words and does not crucially depend on their lexical projections.
The Public Stake in Union Power. (1960)

Journal Article The Public Stake in Union Power Get access The Public Stake in Union Power. Edited by P. D. Bradley. (Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Press, 1959. Pp. x + 382. 56s.) D. T. Jack D. T. Jack University of Durham, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 70, Issue 278, 1 June 1960, Pages 381–383, https://doi.org/10.2307/2228738 Published: 01 June 1960
Direct Synthesis of Pyrroles by Dehydrogenative Coupling of β‐Aminoalcohols with Secondary Alcohols Catalyzed by Ruthenium Pincer Complexes (2013)

Pyrroles were synthesized in one step by using the acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of amino alcohols with secondary alcohols (equivalent amounts), catalyzed by ruthenium pincer complexes (0.5 mol %) and a base (less than stoichiometric amounts) through selective CN and CC bond formation. This atom-economical, environmentally friendly methodology offers easy access to a range of substituted pyrroles in moderate to good yields. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Notching as an example of charging in uniform high density plasmas (1996)

Numerical simulation was used to study both surface charging and ion trajectory distortion during submicron patterning in high density plasma etching. The plasma was assumed uniform and the cause for the surface charging was the directionality difference between ions and electrons. The role of ion transit time effects on the ion energy distribution function was also considered, while the effect of discharging currents such as through insulators was not included. Using a Monte Carlo sheath simulator, a Poisson equation solver, and an ion/electron trajectory simulator, the steady state potential distribution and ion trajectories were calculated for various line-and-space structures and plasma conditions where notching, which is a local sidewall etching, has been observed after the overetching part of polysilicon etching processes. The results show significant positive charging at the bottom of high aspect ratio spaces which depends on the ion energy distribution function. Notching at the bottom of an outermost polysilicon line before a wide space is the result of ion deflection toward the line which has the lower potential from receiving more electrons from a side facing the wide space. The simulator was validated using previously reported electron cyclotron resonance etcher notching results. It was found that the calculated potential difference between the bottom of a space and the adjacent line shows the same qualitative dependence on the wide space width as experimental notch depth results show. In addition, these potential differences are large enough to substantially increase the ion flux at regions where notching occurs for the ion energy distribution function for the plasma conditions used. Thus this shows aspect ratio dependent charging effects which are not dependent on initial plasma nonuniformity.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Analogues of Bradykinin. Part 2. Synthesis of Cyclic Derivatives of Kallidin. (1984)

Abstract N α ‐Arg‐cyclo[(N ε ‐L‐Lys 1 ,Gly 6 )‐bradykinin] (I) und Cyelo‐ε‐kallidin (II) werden als cyclische Bradykinin‐Analoga hergestellt und zeigen hypotensive Wirkung.
Methane Production in-vitro and Dry Matter Digestibility as Influenced by Linseed Oil Supplementation in Buffaloes (2018)

The study was conducted to develop the methane mitigation through lipid supplementation in buffaloes. Linseed oil was used in the concentrate mixture and five different concentrate mixtures were prepared using 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 percent linseed oil. The combinations were made of these concentrate mixtures with gram straw in the ratio of 10:90 to 90:10 for straw: concentrate mixture and evaluated for in-vitro methane production and in-vitro dry matter digestibility. The methane production was significantly lower and dry matter digestibility was significantly better on 70:30 and 60:40 gram straw to concentrate combination, where linseed oil was included at one percent in concentrate mixture. The addition of linseed oil in concentrate mixture at two percent level could be effective in methane inhibition as well enhancing dry matter digestibility at higher levels of gram straw i.e. 60 and 70 in combination to concentrates, however linseed oil at one percent level with roughage to concentrate ratio maintained at 70:30, could be economical strategy of methane mitigation in buffaloes. The higher level of linseed oil in concentrate mixture inhibited methane significantly but dry matter digestibility could not be enhanced to that extent. It is concluded that gram straw and concentrate mixture having linseed oil at one percent level with roughage to concentrate ratio maintained at 70:30, could be economical strategy of methane mitigation in buffaloes.
Visual loop closing using multi-resolution SIFT grids in metric-topological SLAM (2009)

We present an image based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) framework with online, appearance only loop closing. We adopt a layered approach with metric maps over small areas at the local level and a global, graph based abstract topological framework to build consistent maps over large distances. Rao-Blackwellised particle filtering and sparse bundle adjustment are efficiently coupled with a stereo vision based odometry module to construct conditionally independent `submaps' using SIFT features. By extracting keyframes from these submaps, a multiresolution dictionary of distinct features is built online to learn a generative model of appearance and perform loop closure. Creating such a dictionary also enables the system to distinguish between similar regions during loop closure without requiring any offline training, as has been described in other approaches. Furthermore, instead of occupancy or grid maps, we build 3D reconstructions of the world; a model we plan to use as input to a scene interpretation module for providing navigational cues to the visually impaired. We demonstrate the robustness of our SLAM system with indoor and outdoor experiments for full 6 degrees of freedom motion using only a stereo camera in hand, running at 1 Hz on a standard PC.
Illuminating Neural Circuits: From Molecules to MRI (2017)

Neurological disease drives symptoms through pathological changes to circuit functions. Therefore, understanding circuit mechanisms that drive behavioral dysfunction is of critical importance for quantitative diagnosis and systematic treatment of neurological disease. Here, we describe key technologies that enable measurement and manipulation of neural activity and neural circuits. Applying these approaches led to the discovery of circuit mechanisms underlying pathological motor behavior, arousal regulation, and protein accumulation. Finally, we discuss how optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals global scale circuit mechanisms, and how circuit manipulations could lead to new treatments of neurological diseases.
CFD ANALYSIS OF HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A NOVEL PARACORPOREALPUMPING ARTIFICIAL LUNG (2004)

We are developing an Emergency Respiratory Support Lung (ERSL) to provide pulmonary assist for acute lung failure. A rotating hollow fiber membrane bundle actively mixes blood for efficient gas transfer and provides pumping ability required for its intended paracorporeal veno-venous operation. A CFD model was developed to support the design, and experimental testing of prototypes. Applicable equations were solved in 2D and 3D domains using FLUENT. Two different approaches were used; one utilized a porous media model and another was based on evaluation of flow around individual fibers. Both simulations showed that the rotating fiber bundle accelerates fluid entering the bundle, and the width of the acceleration zone does not exceed two fiber diameters. Simulation at 1500 rpm predicted that relative velocity inside the fiber bundle was five times greater than in stationary bundle and the ERSL was able to generate a pressure head increase across the device. CFD analysis showed that the area of maximum shear rate (200 s−1) for the stationary bundle case was in the outlet port vicinity; whereas the rotational case at 1500 rpm predicted a maximum shear rate of 3000 s−1at the housing's stationary walls. CFD predictions were compared to pressure measurements and dye injection flow visualization in order to validate the models. We obtained qualitative agreement between simulations and experiments. Optimization of inlet port geometry was performed to avoid stagnant zones and decrease probability of clotting. Evaluation of hemolysis using a CDF model will be performed for experimental ERSL prototype.
Concentrations of Trypsin Inhibitor and Immunoglobulins in Colostrum of Jersey Cows (1995)

Colostrum samples from 49 Jersey cows were analyzed for concentrations of trypsin inhibitor, IgG, IgM, IgA, TS, fat, specific gravity, and N fractions. Colostrum (100 ml) was sampled from each cow as soon as possible after parturition. Mean concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 84.6, 3.4, and 4.5 g/L, respectively. Mean concentration of trypsin inhibitor was 56 mg of trypsin inhibited/dl of colostrum. Concentration of trypsin inhibitor was unaffected by lactation number and averaged 60, 53, and 54 mg of trypsin inhibited/dl of colostrum for cows in first, second, and third or later lactations, respectively. Colostral trypsin inhibitor and IgG were correlated (.54), although correlations between trypsin inhibitor and IgM and IgA were not significant. Trypsin inhibitor in colostrum was also positively correlated with fat, total N, protein N, noncasein N, and TS in colostrum. Variation in concentration of trypsin inhibitor from first-milking colostrum was closely related to colostral IgG concentration and may serve to protect IgG and other proteins from proteolytic degradation in the intestine of the neonatal calf.
An Antibiotic to Treat Alzheimer's? (2000)

An antibiotic once used to treat traveler's diarrhea might battle Alzheimer's disease as well, researchers announced here last week at the Society for Neuroscience's annual meeting. The drug dissolves Alzheimer's-like plaques in mouse brains, apparently by trapping the copper and zinc that stud these deposits. A clinical trial to test whether the drug helps people with Alzheimer's is already under way.
Finite-Time Synchronization of Chaotic Complex Networks with Stochastic Disturbance (2014)

This paper is concerned with the problem of finite-time synchronization in complex networks with stochastic noise perturbations. By using a novel finite-time ℒ -operator differential inequality and other inequality techniques, some novel sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure finite-time stochastic synchronization for the complex networks concerned, where the coupling matrix need not be symmetric. The effects of control parameters on synchronization speed and time are also analyzed, and the synchronization time in this paper is shorter than that in the existing literature. The results here are also applicable to both directed and undirected weighted networks without any information of the coupling matrix. Finally, an example with numerical simulations is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
P‐223L: Late‐News Poster : New Techniques for Producing AZO Thin Films Suitable for ITO Transparent Electrode Applications in LCDs (2006)

Abstract For the purpose of substituting transparent conducting Al‐doped ZnO (AZO) thin films for ITO transparent electrodes, new preparation techniques using high‐rate direct current magnetron sputtering depositions incorporating radio frequency power and carried out with or without H 2 gas introduction were developed to produce moisture‐resistant and low resistivity AZO thin films.
Induction of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 by outer membrane proteins of Shigella in spleen cells and macrophages of mice. (1993)

The ability of outer membrane proteins (OMP) of Shigella flexneri to induce tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) production by spleen cells and macrophages of mice was investigated. Treatment of spleen cells with OMP resulted in the release of only traces of TNF activity. In contrast, macrophages treated with OMP produced moderate levels of TNF. OMP was also found to be an inducer of IL-6. Both spleen cells and macrophages, treated with OMP, were found to produce substantial levels of this cytokine. The effect of OMP on the release of TNF and IL-6 was dose and time dependent, maximal production being reached at 10 micrograms of OMP after 20 h. The ability of OMP to induce production of these cytokines may explain part of the previously described immunomodulatory effects of this preparation on the immune system.
Controlling Selectivity in Heterogeneous Catalysis With Organic Monolayers (2014)

J. Will Medlin is an Assistant Professor and ConocoPhillips Faculty Fellow in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at the University of Colorado Boulder. His research focuses on understanding reactivity at surfaces using experimental and computational techniques, and subsequently using this understanding to modify surfaces to produce improved catalyst materials. His research group is particularly interested in developing catalysts for renewable energy applications in biorefining and (photo)electrocatalysis.
Polycrystallinity of Lithographically Fabricated Plasmonic Nanostructures Dominates Their Acoustic Vibrational Damping (2018)

The study of acoustic vibrations in nanoparticles provides unique and unparalleled insight into their mechanical properties. Electron-beam lithography of nanostructures allows precise manipulation of their acoustic vibration frequencies through control of nanoscale morphology. However, the dissipation of acoustic vibrations in this important class of nanostructures has not yet been examined. Here we report, using single-particle ultrafast transient extinction spectroscopy, the intrinsic damping dynamics in lithographically fabricated plasmonic nanostructures. We find that in stark contrast to chemically synthesized, monocrystalline nanoparticles, acoustic energy dissipation in lithographically fabricated nanostructures is solely dominated by intrinsic damping. A quality factor of Q = 11.3 ± 2.5 is observed for all 147 nanostructures, regardless of size, geometry, frequency, surface adhesion, and mode. This result indicates that the complex Young's modulus of this material is independent of frequency with its imaginary component being approximately 11 times smaller than its real part. Substrate-mediated acoustic vibration damping is strongly suppressed, despite strong binding between the glass substrate and Au nanostructures. We anticipate that these results, characterizing the optomechanical properties of lithographically fabricated metal nanostructures, will help inform their design for applications such as photoacoustic imaging agents, high-frequency resonators, and ultrafast optical switches.
Comprehensive evaluation of electrocaloric effect and fatigue behavior in the 0.9Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.1PbTiO3 bulk relaxor ferroelectric ceramic (2020)

Electrocaloric refrigeration shows potential as a viable alternative to vapor-compression and/or thermo-electric refrigeration. One of the main challenges that need to be addressed in electrocaloric technology is the fatigue behavior of electrocaloric materials, in terms of both structural and functional aspects. Here, a comprehensive evaluation of the fatigue behavior of the 0.9Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.1PbTiO3 (PMN-10PT) bulk relaxor ferroelectric (or shortly relaxor) ceramic at room temperature is performed. First, the temperature-change dependence on the slew rate was studied. It is shown that the adiabatic conditions are well approached at the slew rate above 1 kV s−1, at which the adiabatic temperature change of 1.3 K was measured at the electric field change of 90 kV cm−1. Then, the durability limits (i.e., the fatigue life) of ten PMN-10PT samples were investigated during unipolar electric field cycling. The results showed that the material could withstand up to 106 cycles at the electric field change of 90 kV cm−1 with only minor degradation of the functional properties (less than 5% of the maximum adiabatic temperature change). Hence, PMN-10PT can be considered as a promising material for use in an electrocaloric cooling device, but some critical issues that caused premature failure of several samples would need to be further addressed and improved.