gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breath-by-breath variation of FRC: effect on VO2 and VCO2 measured at the mouth (1979)

We examined breath-by-breath (B-B) variations of FRC (delta FRC) and their effect on measured O2 and CO2 gas exchange in 52 2- to 4-min segments of continuous air breathing obtained in 29 patients (age range 6--50 yr). Respiratory frequency ranged from 13 to 43 breaths/min, VE from 6.7 to 22.5 l/min (BTPS), and expired VT from 234 to 1,370 ml (BTPS). Computer analysis was based on the following source data measured at the mouth: inspired (VI) and expired (VE) gas flow, FN2, FO2 and FCO2. The analysis provides B-B evaluation of VI, VE, delta FRC in terms of VN2, and VO2 and VCO2 at the mouth and at the alveolar level, i.e., after correction for delta FRC. Significant B-B variations of FRC were found in all studies. delta FRC ranged from +360 to -360 ml (BTPS). For single respiratory cycles VI - VE is primarily a function of N2 exchange at the mouth (VMN2). VO2 and VCO2, uncorrected for delta FRC, are significantly more dispersed about mean values than the corrected gas uptakes (P less than 0.0005). The data support the view that the assumption of VIN2 = VEN2 is invalid for single respiratory cycles. Determination of breath-by-breath VO2 and VCO2 should therefore, not be based on steady-state gas uptake equations. It requires measurement of both inspired and expired breath volumes and evaluation of N2 gas exchange.
"Literature Field Revolution" Put forward by Liang Qichao and Literature Form Modernization (2008)

In the improving literature ideological trend and the end of Qing dynasty,the Chinese literature sprouted the concept of modern,where a series of views such as poem revolution,literary revolution,fiction and play put forward by LIANG Qi-chao.Such views not only caused the literature to importantly change in the field of idea,but also to gradually deviate from the original track of the literary style and to develop in the modernized direction of the world.The literature field revolution put forward by LIANG Qi-chao played leading part in the course of the modernization of Chinese literature.
Near-ultraviolet tyrosyl circular dichroism of pig insulin monomers, dimers, and hexamers. Dipole-dipole coupling calculations in the monopole approximation (1976)

The tyrosyl circular dichroism (CD) has been calculated using the conformation of pig insulin observed in rhombohedral crystals containing 2 zinc atoms per hexamer. These calculations predict that the tyrosyl CD at 275 nm will be enhanced disproportionally as monomers interact to form dimers and as dimers interact to form hexamers. This enhanced tyrosyl CD (delta epsilon per 5800 molecular weight) results from new coupling interactions generated in the regions of contact between monomers and between dimers. These calculations illustrate that a large CD enhancement may accompany aggregation even in the absence of a conformation change in eith monomer. The tyrosyl CD intensities calculated for monomers, dimers, and hexamers of 2-zinc pig insulin are compatible with the experimentally observed CD spectra which are enhanced about fourfold in the hexamer compared with the monomer. Zinc ions and other metals do not contribute directly to the tyrosyl CD but only influence the optical properties by promoting the hexameric state. The relation of the integrity of the molecule to dimer formation and the biological activity of the molecules are discussed. The largest calculated contributions to tryosyl CD arise from interactions with far-ultraviolet transitions of neighboring aromatic groups. In the hexamer, about half of the tyrosyl CD intensity is calculated to arise from Tyr-A14.
13C NMR study of thiostrepton and thiopeptin components. (1983)

A detailed 13C NMR study of thiostrepton and two series of thiopeptin components is consistent with their proposed structures and allows many unequivocal assignments to be made.
Assembling Technology for Radiating Elements and Complete Parallel Plate Waveguide Microstrip Antenna Array (2006)

Assembly of radiating elements and the whole antenna is one of the key techniques in antenna fabrication since the requirement on assembly is very severe owing to big size of the parallel plate waveguide microstrip array antenna.This paper mainly deals with several aspects,i.e.assembly sequence,means of processing,design of jigs and tools,and measurement methods etc.
Enterococcus faecalis Mammalian Virulence-Related Factors Exhibit Potent Pathogenicity in the Arabidopsis thaliana Plant Model (2004)

Some pathogenic bacteria belong to a large, diverse group of species capable of infecting plants, animals, and humans. Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic human pathogen capable of infecting patients with a deficient immune system. Here we report that three E. faecalis strains (FA-2-2, V583, and OG1RF) are capable of infecting the leaves and roots of the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana, causing plant mortality 7 days postinoculation. We found that E. faecalis pathogenesis in A. thaliana leaves is determined by the following series of events: attachment to leaf surface, entry through stomata or wounds, and colonization in intercellular spaces, leading to rotting and to the disruption of plant cell wall and membrane structures. The three E. faecalis strains colonize the roots of A. thaliana by forming a mosaic of large clusters of live bacteria on the root surface, as observed by scanning electron microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. To dissect the involvement of mammalian virulence-related factors in plant pathogenicity, we tested E. faecalis mutant strains DeltafsrA (TX5240), DeltafsrB (TX5266), DeltafsrC (TX5242), DeltagelE (TX5264), and DeltasprE (TX5243), which correspond to virulence factors involved in pathogenesis in different animal models. Two E. faecalis virulence-related factors that play an important role in mammalian and nematode models of infection, a putative quorum-sensing system (DeltafsrB) and serine protease (DeltasprE), were also found to be important for plant pathogenesis. The development of an E. faecalis-A. thaliana model system could potentially be used to circumvent certain inherent limitations that an animal model imposes on the identification and study of virulence factors. Furthermore, our study suggests an evolutionary crossover of virulence factors in plant, animal, and nematode pathogenesis.
Formulation of Low-Cost Fermentative Media for Lactic Acid Production with Lactobacillus rhamnosus Using Vinification Lees as Nutrients (2004)

Lees coming from different steps in white wine and red wine vinification were characterized under physicochemical analyses to determine the content in carbon, nitrogen, ashes, solids in suspension, organic compounds, and minerals. Due to the hydrolytic activity of Lactobacillus strains, lees without autolysis treatments were used directly as the unique nutrient or in combination with corn steep liquor to carry out the glucose to lactic acid fermentation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus CECT-288. Time courses of glucose and lactic acid were modeled according to reported models. Using 20 g/L of lees coming from the white wine technology and re-collected after the second decanting step before distillation, as the only nutrient, the values achieved (P = 105.5 g/L, Q(P) = 2.470 g/L.h) were even higher than those obtained with the costly MRS broth (P = 104.3 g/L, Q(P) = 2.251 g/L.h).
Diagnosis and treatment of lipodystrophy: a step-by-step approach (2018)

Here, we describe the clinical presentation of known types of lipodystrophy, present an algorithm for differential diagnosis of lipodystrophy, and suggest specific steps to recognize and diagnose lipodystrophy in the clinical setting.
Selectivity in multiple-quantum spectroscopy (1981)

Abstract In multiple-quantum n.m.r. spectroscopy of N coupled spins one obtains n-quantum Fourier transform spectra, where n = 0, 1, 2,..., N. The spectra of particular interest are often those with high n, which may be analysable for a complex molecule without the need for isotopic spin labelling. For example, the n = N quantum spectrum is independent of dipolar couplings and gives the total chemical shift. For n = N — 1, one obtains a spectrum analogous to those from all possible singly isotopically labelled molecules (e.g. one doublet corresponding to one singly labelled species for n = 5 in orientated benzene) and for n = N — 2 all possible doubly isotopically labelled species (e.g. three triplets corresponding to three doubly labelled species for 4 in orientated benzene). For large n the intensity decreases, so an important question is whether selective excitation of n-quantum transitions is possible, namely, can one design pulse sequences such that only a particular n or set of n's is excited? This corresponds to the absorption of only groups of n quanta. It is shown that this can indeed be achieved by employing a combination of time-reversal sequences and phase shifts. The principles of the theory are outlined and examples of experimental results for large n in solids and liquid crystals are presented. The discussion includes spectra, statistical treatment of intensities, degree of selectivity and n-quantum relaxation. Selectivity is also possible in detection and examples of the sensitivity enhancement this provides are shown.
Developing better practices at the institutional level leads to better outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy in 3,378 patients: domestic audit of the Japanese Society of Pancreatic Surgery (2017)

Standardization of care in PD may be important in reducing post-PD complications, and is a critical element for improving clinical outcomes.
Phosphorylation of ErbB4 on Tyrosine 1056 Is Critical for ErbB4 Coupling to Inhibition of Colony Formation by Human Mammary Cell Lines (2006)

In many studies, ErbB4 expression in breast tumor samples correlates with a favorable patient prognosis. Similarly, ErbB4 signaling is coupled to cellular differentiation and growth arrest in a variety of model systems. However, in some studies, ErbB4 expression in breast tumor samples correlates with poor outcome. Likewise, studies using some human mammary tumor cell lines suggest that ErbB4 is coupled to malignant phenotypes. Thus, the roles that ErbB4 plays in human breast cancer are still poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that a constitutively active ErbB4 mutant (ErbB4-Q646C) inhibits colony formation on plastic by two human mammary tumor cell lines (SKBR3 and MCF7) and by the MCF10A immortalized human mammary cell line, but does not inhibit colony formation by the MDA-MB-453 and T47D human mammary tumor cell lines. ErbB4 kinase activity is necessary for ErbB4 function and phosphorylation of ErbB4 Tyr1056 is necessary and appears to be sufficient for ErbB4 function. The inhibition of colony formation by MCF10A cells is accompanied by growth arrest but not cell death. These data suggest that ErbB4 behaves as a mammary tumor suppressor and that loss of ErbB4 coupling to growth arrest may be an important event in mammary tumorigenesis.
2013 HIPAA Changes Provide Opportunities and Challenges for Researchers: Perspectives from a Cancer Center (2016)

In 2013, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services modified the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule to "strengthen privacy and security protections" while "improving workability and effectiveness to increase flexibility for and decrease burden on regulated entities." In this article, we attempt to translate these generalized goals into the real-world implications of these changes. Under the new rules, researchers can obtain participants' permission to use their protected health information for more research activities with a single, upfront authorization (thereby reducing paperwork for participants, researchers, and institutional review boards) while providing potential participants with more information upon which to base their decisions about participation. The combined authorizations can be used in clinical trials and their optional substudies and in stand-alone biospecimen-banking research that includes authorization to permit future research use. We also suggest best practices for taking advantage of the flexibility offered by the new rules while maintaining strong privacy protections for human subjects.
Personal Access Satellite System (PASS) study. Fiscal year 1989 results (1990)

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is exploring the potential and feasibility of a personal access satellite system (PASS) that will offer the user greater freedom and mobility than existing or currently planned communications systems. Studies performed in prior years resulted in a strawman design and the identification of technologies that are critical to the successful implementation of PASS. The study efforts in FY-89 were directed towards alternative design options with the objective of either improving the system performance or alleviating the constraints on the user terminal. The various design options and system issues studied this year and the results of the study are presented.
A New Fork for Clinical Application: Targeting Forkhead Transcription Factors in Cancer (2009)

Forkhead O transcription factors (FOXO) play a pivotal role in the regulation of a myriad of cellular functions including cell cycle arrest, cell death, and protection from stress stimuli. Activation of cell survival pathways such as phosphoinositide-3-kinase/AKT/IKK or RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase are known to phosphorylate FOXOs at different sites which cause FOXOs nuclear exclusion and degradation, resulting in the suppression of FOXO's transcriptional activity. Perturbation of FOXO's function leads to deregulated cell proliferation and accumulation of DNA damage, resulting in diseases such as cancer. Emerging evidence shows that active FOXO proteins are crucial for keeping cells in check; and inactivation of FOXO proteins is associated with tumorigenesis, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and leukemia. Moreover, clinically used drugs like paclitaxel, imatinib, and doxorubicin have been shown to achieve their therapeutic effects through activation of FOXO3a and FOXO3a targets. In this review, we will focus the novel functions of FOXOs revealed in recent studies and further highlight FOXOs as new therapeutic targets in a broad spectrum of cancers.
Cryptococcomas Distinguished from Gliomas with MR Spectroscopy: An Experimental Rat and Cell Culture Study (2001)

A remarkably high concentration of alpha,alpha-trehalose in relation to other metabolites that are visible with MR spectroscopy is diagnostic of C neoformans. Cerebral cryptococcomas are an uncommon but serious manifestation of cryptococcosis in humans. Application of these results to the noninvasive diagnosis of cerebral cryptococcomas would help reduce the risk and expense of unnecessary surgery or biopsy and expedite patient treatment.
Model for Nonlinear Thermal Effect on Pavement Warping Stresses (2003)

Practically all current design for and analysis of thermally induced stresses in rigid pavements are based on an assumed linear temperature distribution across the thickness of the pavement slab. Actual temperature distributions across the thickness of a pavement slab are not linear, and studies have shown that the errors in the computed maximum warping stresses caused by the assumption of linear temperature distribution could be as high as 30% or more. Finite-element models have been developed to analyze the effects of nonlinear temperature distribution. These are numerical methods and are generally not user friendly, as they require skills to design the finite-element mesh and good judgment to ascertain convergence of the solutions. This paper describes a closed-form theoretical model to compute the warping stresses caused by a nonlinear temperature distribution. The model is derived based on the Reissner thick-plate theory for a concrete pavement slab with four free edges resting on either a Pasternak or a Winkler foundation. The nonlinear temperature distribution across the slab thickness is divided into three components that are analyzed separately. The final solutions are obtained by superposition of the stresses caused by the three components of temperature distribution.
Introduction to Chemistry, Fourth Edition (Dickson, T. R.) (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTIntroduction to Chemistry, Fourth Edition (Dickson, T. R.)Dean F. Martin Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 3, A113Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 March 1984Published inissue 1 March 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ed061pA113.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views482Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1002 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A framework for dynamic visualisation in simulation based instructional training (2002)

Work by researchers in the area of simulation based instruction has shown that the visual presentation of the simulated domain in terms of emphasising domain concepts, changing the level of detail or reducing the complexity of a presentation plays an important role for effective instruction and knowledge transfer. Earlier approaches have tackled this important instructional aspect by creating several different simulations of the same domain or by manually assembling several views of the simulation in order to present instructionally valuable variations of the simulated domain to the trainee. In contrast to that, we propose a framework which builds on the concepts of data-enrichment of the domain simulation, a higher level descriptive definition and characterisation of different views and a query-based assembling mechanism for generating a specific view, thus automating the process of view generation. The implementation of this framework is achieved through the ADVISE (Adaptive Visual Simulation Environment) prototype system. The ADVISE system allows the characterisation and enrichment of domain simulation data and provides an integrated view-specification and view-visualisation suite. The underlying simulation model is based on the behaviourally described object approach and hence domain-independent.
Standing volume estimates of forests in Russia: how accurate is the published data? (2006)

Russia's forests play a significant role at the global level in producing both timber and environmental benefits, i.e. in roundwood production, carbon sequestration and biodiversity protection. Information on these forest resources is based on ocular compartment-level forest inventory data. The basic problem with this inventory approach is that its reliability cannot be assessed, since the method is not based on statistical sampling. The inventory data for the Novgorod region were therefore checked by remeasuring a sample of the original compartments in order to determine their accuracy. The results showed that the original total stand volumes based on the Russian forest inventory were on average underestimated by 13.4 per cent, the corresponding root mean-square error for the whole material being 32.4 per cent. This bias varied in the range 8-20 per cent between individual different forest management units, &lt;I&gt;leskhozy&lt;/I&gt;, and also varied according to the dominant tree species, being 12 per cent in pine-dominated compartments, 14 per cent in birch-dominated compartments, 21 per cent in aspen-dominated compartments and having a slight negative bias of 4 per cent in spruce-dominated compartments. Finally, consideration of timber quality in the volume calculations showed notable changes from sawnwood timber to pulpwood.
Orientational order of single-wall carbon nanotubes in stretch-aligned photoluminescent composite films (2009)

We study the alignment of single-wall carbon nanotubes in polyvinylalcohol composites using polarized Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies. Nanotubes are well dispersed down to the individual scale in the composites as revealed by the strong photoluminescence signal. Alignment can be continuously adjusted by hot stretching the composites. We propose a simple relation to measure the order parameter based on the assumption that only one single component of the Raman polarizability tensor is nonzero. The similar profiles of spectra measured in different polarization configurations validate this assumption. The orientation of the nanotubes under uniaxial stretching is well modelized by a simple affine model assuming deformation at constant volume.
Cross-layer system reliability assessment framework for hardware faults (2016)

System reliability estimation during early design phases facilitates informed decisions for the integration of effective protection mechanisms against different classes of hardware faults. When not all system abstraction layers (technology, circuit, microarchitecture, software) are factored in such an estimation model, the delivered reliability reports must be excessively pessimistic and thus lead to unacceptably expensive, over-designed systems. We propose a scalable, cross-layer methodology and supporting suite of tools for accurate but fast estimations of computing systems reliability. The backbone of the methodology is a component-based Bayesian model, which effectively calculates system reliability based on the masking probabilities of individual hardware and software components considering their complex interactions. Our detailed experimental evaluation for different technologies, microarchitectures, and benchmarks demonstrates that the proposed model delivers very accurate reliability estimations (FIT rates) compared to statistically significant but slow fault injection campaigns at the microarchitecture level.
Unlocking hidden genomic sequence (2004)

Despite the success of conventional Sanger sequencing, significant regions of many genomes still present major obstacles to sequencing. Here we propose a novel approach with the potential to alleviate a wide range of sequencing difficulties. The technique involves extracting target DNA sequence from variants generated by introduction of random mutations. The introduction of mutations does not destroy original sequence information, but distributes it amongst multiple variants. Some of these variants lack problematic features of the target and are more amenable to conventional sequencing. The technique has been successfully demonstrated with mutation levels up to an average 18% base substitution and has been used to read previously intractable poly(A), AT-rich and GC-rich motifs.
Transcription-Coupled DNA Double-Strand Break Repair: Active Genes Need Special Care (2017)

For decades, it has been speculated that specific loci on eukaryotic chromosomes are inherently susceptible to breakage. The advent of high-throughput genomic technologies has now paved the way to their identification. A wealth of data suggests that transcriptionally active loci are particularly fragile and that a specific DNA damage response is activated and dedicated to their repair. Here, we review current understanding of the crosstalk between transcription and double-strand break repair, from the reasons underlying the intrinsic fragility of genes to the mechanisms that restore the integrity of damaged transcription units.