gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Signal Blockage by a Road Bridge on mmWave Vehicular Communications (2022)

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication has re-cently attracted substantial interest owing to its abundant bandwidth availability and low-latency capability that facilitates meeting the requirements of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services. However, performance degradation due to signal blockage has been raised as one of the critical technical challenges. This paper investigates the signal blockage effect of a road bridge in mmWave vehicular communication by performing a ray-tracing simulation for highway scenarios. The main purpose of this study is to help the researchers understand the signal blockage effect and present considerations for cell planning of mm Wave vehicular communications in the presence of a road bridge.
Vitamin E in Preeclampsia (2004)

Preeclampsia is the disorder of pregnancy with the highest rate of both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The maternal syndrome is characterized by oxidative stress and activation of the vascular endothelium that may originate from placental release of lipid peroxidation products, cytokines, and microparticles leading to an acute inflammatory response. The current understanding of the etiology has allowed the improvement of predictive tests, tests that could make intervention possible from early pregnancy onwards. Although the large secondary intervention antioxidant trials in cardiovascular diseases did not show any beneficial effect of vitamin E and vitamin C, either alone or in combination, knowledge of the nature of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia offers hope for the beneficial use of antioxidants in the prevention of the disorder. Not only has our previous small trial shown that antioxidant prophylactics in high-risk women lowered the prevalence of preeclampsia, but also new evidence has demonstrated multiple other actions of alpha-tocopherol (such as anti-inflammation and inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase activation) besides its antioxidant properties that could be advantageous in the prevention of the disorder. Several larger trials are under way to investigate the precise role that vitamins C and E can play in the prevention of preeclampsia.
Creating optimal observing schedules for a starshade planet-finding mission (2011)

Missions designed to use a starshade (also known as an external occulter) in conjunction with a space telescope to find and characterize planets around nearby stars provide the capability to directly image terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of nearby stars.12 However, this architecture also creates some challenges in scheduling science observations. The starshade is a separate spacecraft from the telescope and they operate tens of thousands of kilometers apart. The two spacecraft must be realigned with each new target star in order for the starshade to block the starlight from entering the telescope. This means that large amounts of time and propellant are needed to slew the observatory from one target to the next. Therefore it is imperative that observations be scheduled efficiently to minimize time and propellant use while maximizing science return. In this paper we report on a method of optimizing the observation path for a starshade mission by weighing factors such as science return, architectural constraints, and mission costs. Because the mission constraints and costs are time variable and because the number of potential star paths is so large (>;1>;<;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">200</sup> ), typical optimization schemes (e.g., Traveling Salesman, Genetic Algorithms) are not applicable. Instead we conduct a smart-random search by weighting each star-to-star step by several factors that increase the likelihood of choosing a higher return / lower cost step. We then generate thousands of Monte Carlo paths and use this ensemble to evaluate the capabilities and constraints of this mission design. We find that a starshade mission can fulfill all the requirements of the Terrestrial Planet Finder program including searching at least 30 Habitable Zones (HZ), spectrally characterizing any discovered planets, and revisiting some planetary systems to establish orbital information. This can be done using less than 1/3 of the total telescope time, leaving the rest of the mission time for other, general astrophysics observations with the highly capable space telescope. We also look at the robustness of the mission to different science assumptions such as the fraction of all stars that contain terrestrial planets and the level of dust around the target stars (exozodi). We find that this is a robust and capable mission design and that our method can find efficient paths for conducting the mission.
Supplementary Figure S5 from STAT1 Drives Tumor Progression in Serous Papillary Endometrial Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5. Significance of STAT1-MYC activity in tumorigenesis.&lt;/p&gt;
Crossover from Exciton to Biexciton Polaritons in Semiconductor Microcavities (2000)

Pump-probe measurements in a microcavity containing a quantum well show that a population of circularly polarized ( sigma(+)) excitons can completely inhibit the transition to sigma(-) one-exciton states by transferring the oscillator strength to the biexcitonic resonance. With increasing pump intensity the linear exciton-polariton doublet evolves into a triplet polariton structure and finally into a shifted biexciton-polariton doublet. A theoretical model of interacting excitons demonstrates that the crossover from exciton to biexciton polaritons is driven by three-exciton Coulomb correlation.
A clinical and biochemical score for mortality prediction in patients with acute dyspnoea: derivation, validation and incorporation into a bedside programme (2007)

<h3>Background:</h3> Risk stratification for patients with acute dyspnoea is a challenging task. No quantitative tool for mortality prediction among patients with acute dyspnoea is available. <h3>Methods:</h3> 595 dyspnoeic subjects were enrolled in an emergency department. Clinical and biochemical factors independently predictive of death by 1 year were used to develop a mortality risk prediction tool. <h3>Results:</h3> Seven factors comprised the final tool: age (×0.3), heart rate (×0.2), blood urea nitrogen (×0.3), New York Heart Association class (×5), amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) ⩾986 pg/ml (18 points), systolic blood pressure &lt;100 mm Hg (11 points) and presence of a murmur (11 points). A continuous rise in mortality was seen from 1.7% in the lowest score quintile (n = 118; score ⩽48.5) to 43.1% in the highest quintile (n = 116, score ⩾85.5; p&lt;0.001 for trend). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the score’s accuracy produced an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.85) with similar AUCs in subjects with acutely destabilised heart failure (AUC = 0.73, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.79) and those without (AUC = 0.83, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.85, p for the comparison = NS). The score was validated in a separate population of dyspnoeic patients (AUC = 0.73, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.82; p&lt;0.001) and was incorporated into a computer program suitable for near-patient calculation. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> A new risk stratification tool for acutely dyspnoeic patients has been derived and validated.
Novel UDP-GalNAc Derivative Structures Provide Insight into the Donor Specificity of Human Blood Group Glycosyltransferase (2015)

Two closely related glycosyltransferases are responsible for the final step of the biosynthesis of ABO(H) human blood group A and B antigens. The two enzymes differ by only four amino acid residues, which determine whether the enzymes transfer GalNAc from UDP-GalNAc or Gal from UDP-Gal to the H-antigen acceptor. The enzymes belong to the class of GT-A folded enzymes, grouped as GT6 in the CAZy database, and are characterized by a single domain with a metal dependent retaining reaction mechanism. However, the exact role of the four amino acid residues in the specificity of the enzymes is still unresolved. In this study, we report the first structural information of a dual specificity cis-AB blood group glycosyltransferase in complex with a synthetic UDP-GalNAc derivative. Interestingly, the GalNAc moiety adopts an unusual yet catalytically productive conformation in the binding pocket, which is different from the "tucked under" conformation previously observed for the UDP-Gal donor. In addition, we show that this UDP-GalNAc derivative in complex with the H-antigen acceptor provokes the same unusual binding pocket closure as seen for the corresponding UDP-Gal derivative. Despite this, the two derivatives show vastly different kinetic properties. Our results provide a important structural insight into the donor substrate specificity and utilization in blood group biosynthesis, which can very likely be exploited for the development of new glycosyltransferase inhibitors and probes.
Asymmetric Synthesis of a Series of Chiral AB2Monomers for Dendrimer Construction (1997)

Efficient preparation of a series of four chiral, nonracemic AB2 monomers suitable for the construction of dendrimers is presented. Monomers 1−4 possess the common structural features of a diphenolic moiety and a benzylic or aliphatic hydroxyl which render these molecules suitable for convergent dendrimer synthesis. The same basic, high-yielding, five-step sequence is employed for 1−4. Stilbene derivatives 13 and 14 are prepared by a Horner−Wadsworth−Emmons modified Wittig reaction between 3,5- or 3,4-bis(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde (8 and 10) and an ester-substituted benzylphosphonate (11 or 12). Cinnamate derivatives 21 and 22 are prepared similarly from 8 and 10 and triethyl phosphonoacetate. Chirality is introduced in the form of a 1,2-diol unit by Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) (>97% ee in all cases). Protection of the 1,2-diols as their acetonide derivatives provides dioxolane intermediates 17, 18, 25, and 26. Reduction of the ester groups followed by hydrogenolysis of the benzyl ethers yields AB2 monomers 1−4 in 57−67% overall yield from 8 and 10.
A system for automatic pose-estimation from a single image in a city scene (2002)

We describe an automatic system for pose-estimation from a single image in a city scene. Each building has a model consisting of a number of parallel planes associated with it. The homographies for the best match of the planes to the image is estimated automatically for each of the possible buildings. We show how the estimation of homographies can be done effectively by reducing the search space and using fast convolution. The model having the best match is then used to determine the position and orientation of the camera. The results
Excess Synchrony in Motor Cortical Neurons Provides Redundant Direction Information With That From Coarse Temporal Measures (2001)

Previous studies have shown that measures of fine temporal correlation, such as synchronous spikes, across responses of motor cortical neurons carries more directional information than that predicted from statistically independent neurons. It is also known, however, that the coarse temporal measures of responses, such as spike count, are not independent. We therefore examined whether the information carried by coincident firing was related to that of coarsely defined spike counts and their correlation. Synchronous spikes were counted in the responses from 94 pairs of simultaneously recorded neurons in primary motor cortex (MI) while monkeys performed arm movement tasks. Direct measurement of the movement-related information indicated that the coincident spikes (1- to 5-ms precision) carry approximately 10% of the information carried by a code of the two spike counts. Inclusion of the numbers of synchronous spikes did not add information to that available from the spike counts and their coarse temporal correlation. To assess the significance of the numbers of coincident spikes, we extended the stochastic spike count matched (SCM) model to include correlations between spike counts of the individual neural responses and slow temporal dependencies within neural responses (approximately 30 Hz bandwidth). The extended SCM model underestimated the numbers of synchronous spikes. Therefore as with previous studies, we found that there were more synchronous spikes in the neural data than could be accounted for by this stochastic model. However, the SCM model accounts for most (R(2) = 0.93 +/- 0.05, mean +/- SE) of the differences in the observed number of synchronous spikes to different directions of arm movement, indicating that synchronous spiking is directly related to spike counts and their broad correlation. Further, this model supports the information theoretic analysis that the synchronous spikes do not provide directional information beyond that available from the firing rates of the same pool of directionally tuned MI neurons. These results show that detection of precisely timed spike patterns above chance levels does not imply that those spike patterns carry information unavailable from coarser population codes but leaves open the possibility that excess synchrony carries other forms of information or serves other roles in cortical information processing not studied here.
The making of a software engineer challenges for the educator extended abstract (2005)

Software engineering is foremost an engineering discipline. Engineering in general and software engineering specifically has to balance many factors to achieve viable tradeoffs - an understanding of the factors as well as the viability criteria is at the heart of the educational challenge. All engineering has one ultimate goal: the delivery of artifacts (products, commercial or not) that meet the needs of those using such artifacts. All engineering lives in the intersection of people, technology, domain, and opportunity aspects. Software engineering, however, is laden with its own specific difficulties. Software as an engineering medium fills a space between the fluidity of digital content, with which software shares the representation, and the nature of machines, with which software shares the flexible and repeatable application.
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine Performance and Endurance Testing: The NovaLT™16 Experience (2018)

The NovaLT™16 gas turbine recently developed in Baker Hughes, a GE company (BHGE), is part of a larger class of gas turbines (LT class) aiming at covering a wide space in the small power range segment and at introducing in the market a state of the art technology engine for what concerns performance, emissions, operability, durability and maintainability. The main purpose of this paper is to describe the entire validation campaign that was performed at BHGE facilities. This campaign can be divided into 3 different phases. The first phase focused on measuring engine performance in a new, clean and unaltered configuration. The second phase focused on emissions, vibration, thermal distribution, auxiliary system performances and the like, in order to validate the design assumption and calculation results across the full operational range. In this phase, more than 2000 sensors were installed across the entire engine, covering all modules, and all functional tests were performed (inside and outside of design space) to guarantee reliable engine behavior. At the end of this test phase, a full engine teardown was performed to allow a detailed parts inspection that confirmed the achievement of the design intent. The standard maintenance plan of the engine requires 35Kh continuous running. Therefore, the third part of the test aimed at validating engine durability with a full endurance test that allowed the identification and correction of any possible remaining operation problem. In this phase, the engine was still equipped with more than 1000 sensors, and was operated continuously following a well-defined operating profile in order to simulate both mechanical drive and power generation modes. This campaign successfully allowed to fine tune several engine control logic details, to monitor emissions behavior across a wide range of ambient temperature and load condition (the test spans from hot to cold day), to analyze trends of standard engine parameters and special instrumentation and, through planned borescope inspection, to evaluate individual component status versus selected operating profile. Data reported in this paper represent a summary of all the data acquired and post processing results, and illustrate how an endurance test can help tuning machine performance predictions in a wide operating range.
Remote acoustic imaging in liquids through a bundle of rod waveguides (2019)

Acoustic imaging is an alternative way to see through aggressive media. Acoustic waves in contrary to electromagnetic waves can freely propagate through liquids, a tissue, and a variety of other materials that are non-transparent at many or all wavelengths of electromagnetic fields. Acoustic images are different from optical images in that they are essentially maps of density variations. Sound waves reflect from boundaries between different materials, carry back information about distances and changes in density and object shape to a receiving waveguide matrix. Proposing remote acoustic imaging is a new imaging technique that uses acoustic probe pulses and a receiving waveguide matrix to detect and view objects inside a liquid that is opaque to light. Spatial resolution of the method is derived by efficiency of ultrasonic scattering at objects, sensitivity of an ultrasonic radiation-reception matrix and the number of waveguides and the distance between them. The technique is useful when efforts are concentrated at revealing presence, location and shape of small objects. In the paper theoretical analysis of interaction of probe ultrasonic radiation with diverse types of small objects has been done. Performed theoretical assessments have been employed for interpreting acoustic images of objects in water.
Seasonality of climate-human mortality relationships in US cities and impacts of climate change (2004)

Human mortality in US cities is highest on extremely hot, humid summer days, but in general, winter-mortality rates are significantly higher than summer rates. The observed winterdominant warming pattern, which has been linked to increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations, has led some researchers to propose future mortality decreases, while others contend that increasing heat-related mortality in summer will more than offset any winter-mortality reductions. Because winter mortality is only weakly linked to daily weather, we examine the seasonality of mortality using monthly data for 28 major US cities from 1964 to 1998. Daily all-causes mortality counts are agestandardized, aggregated monthly, and related to mean monthly 07:00 h local standard time (LST) air temperature in each city. The climate-mortality seasonality patterns are examined for spatial and temporal (decadal-scale) variability, and the impact of climate change on mortality rates is investigated after an approximation of the inherent technology/adaptation trend is removed from the monthly time series. Mortality seasonality varies little between most US cities with comparable climates. By the 1990s, monthly mortality anomalies were similar between all cities regardless of climate, suggesting there is no net mortality benefit to be derived from a location's climate. After removing the impact of long-term declining mortality rates, some statistically significant monthly climate-mortality relationships remain in most cities, with generally positive temperature-mortality relationships in summer and negative relationships in winter. Future mortality could be reduced with a winter-dominant warming but increase with pronounced summer warming. In each case, however, net future climate-related mortality rates are very low relative to the baseline death rate, indicating that climate change will have little impact in defining future mortality patterns in US cities.
Regulation of Myosin‐VI Targeting to Endocytic Compartments (2004)

Myosin-VI has been implicated in endocytic trafficking at both the clathrin-coated and uncoated vesicle stages. The identification of alternative splice forms led to the suggestion that splicing defines the vesicle type to which myosin-VI is recruited. In contrast to this hypothesis, we find that in all cell types examined, myosin-VI is associated with uncoated endocytic vesicles, regardless of splice form. GIPC, a PDZ-domain containing adapter protein, co-assembles with myosin-VI on these vesicles. Myosin-VI is only recruited to clathrin-coated vesicles in cells that express high levels of Dab2, a clathrin-binding adapter protein. Overexpression of Dab2 is sufficient to reroute myosin-VI to clathrin-coated pits in cells where myosin-VI is normally associated with uncoated vesicles. In normal rat kidney (NRK) cells, which express high endogenous levels of Dab2, splicing of the globular tail domain further modulates targeting of ectopically expressed myosin-VI. Although myosin-VI can be recruited to clathrin-coated pits, we find no requirement for myosin-VI motor activity in endocytosis in NRK cells. Instead, our data suggest that myosin-VI recruitment to clathrin-coated pits may be an early step in the recruitment of GIPC to the vesicle surface.
A Model of Effects of Surface Pretreatment by Organic Solvents on Ozone‐Tetraethoxysilane Chemical Vapor Deposition (1995)

Effects of surface treatment with various kinds of organic solvents prior to forming an film by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition using ozone and tetraethoxysilane were investigated. The deposition rate was reduced by the treatment regardless of the kind of the organic solvents. Analyses of adsorbed chemical substances on the silicon surface demonstrated that chemical adsorption of solvent molecules on the surface occurred. With respect to the decrease of the deposition rate, it is concluded that the adsorption of the molecules reduces the adsorptive activity of the sites distributed on the surface, causing a decrease of sticking probability of vapor‐phase species responsible for the deposition.