gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Modifiers of Cerebrovascular Large Vessel Stenosis in Sickle Cell Anemia. (2004)

Abstract Cerebrovascular disease is a common complication in sickle cell anemia (SCA) with overt stroke occuring in 10% of patients and silent stroke in 24% of patients by age 20 years. Etiologies of overt stroke in SCA are heterogenous and include stenosis of large arteries, hemorrhage, hypertensive and hypoxic encephalopathy. Candidate genes identified as possible modifiers of overt stroke in SCA include adenylate cyclase 9 (ADCY9, rs731471 intron C/T), endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE-1, rs212527, intron A/G), Klotho (KL, rs480780, intron C/A), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1, rs1799768, − 675 4/5,), transforming growth factor beta receptor 3 (TGFBR3, rs284157, intron G/A), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF, rs1800629,-308 G/A), and interlukin 4 receptor (IL4R, rs1805015, 503S/P). We examined the association of these candidate genes in a cohort of patients with SCA and stenosis of large cerebral vessels who are followed at a single institution. Patients with stenosis (n = 42, male = 22) were identified as having overt stroke (n = 29) or positive transcranial Doppler (TCD) (n = 13). The mean age at time of stroke or (+) TCD was 7.8 years. All had large vessel stenosis on magnetic resonance angiogram imaging (MRA). A control group of patients with SCA and normal TCD were identified (n = 71, males = 46, mean age = 14.8 years).This control group has passed through the peak years of stroke risk, ages 2–10 years. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotypic using novel Taqman assays. Genotypic associations were determined using logistic regression analysis with odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals, and p-values reported. Among the candidate genes only ADYC9 (OR = 2.75, CI 1.2–6.3, p = 0.017) and TGFBR3 (OR = 2.33, CI 1.0–5.3, p = 0.043) had significant association with stenosis of large vessels in SCA. ADYC9 is a membrane-associated enzyme that catalyzes cAMP formation, which is critical for neuronal signaling and survival. TGFBR3 has a role in cardiac endothelial cell transformation to mesenchyme. Genotypic studies of a complex trait such as stroke in SCA will eventually lead to early diagnosis and new or early interventions. However, such genetic studies require clear definitions of phenotypic subtypes based on neuroimaging studies, including MRA.
Direct numerical simulation of transition to turbulence from a high-symmetry initial condition (1994)

The three-dimensional (3-D) time evolution of a high-symmetry initial condition [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 54, 2132 (1985)] is simulated using a Fourier pseudospectral method for Re=1/ν=500, 1000, 2000, and 5000 with an effective resolution of 10243 collocation points (1713 independent modes, maximum wave number kmax=340). It is found that much before the peak enstrophy is reached, there is a short interval when the local quantities increase sharply. It is also found that during this interval, six vortex dipoles (at the origin) and three dipoles (at the π/2 corner) collapse toward two separate vorticity null points at the opposite corners of the domain in a nearly self-similar fashion. The coherent vortices break up afterward, followed by a sharp decrease in local quantities. The singularity analysis shows that, within the limits of the resolution, the maximum vorticity scales approximately as (T−Tc)−1, shortly before the breakup. However, the increase in peak vorticity stops at a certain time, possibly due to viscous dissipation effects. The temporal evolution of the width of the analyticity strip shows that δ approaches zero at a rate faster than exponential, but reaches a minimum value and starts to increase. This suggests that the solution remains uniformly analytic, as is the case in the viscous Burgers equation.
Supercontinuum radiation in fluorescence microscopy and biomedical imaging applications (2019)

Compact, high brightness supercontinuum sources have already made a big impact in the fields of fluorescence microscopy and biomedical imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. In this review, we provide a brief overview on the generation and properties of supercontinuum radiation for imaging applications. We review specific uses of supercontinuum sources and their potential for bioimaging, but also their limitations and caveats. We conclude with a review of recent advances in UV supercontinuum generation, near-IR microscopy, exciting new potentials for the use of hollow-core PCFs, on-chip supercontinuum generation, and technologies to improve supercontinuum stability for certain applications.
Simulations of the formation and evolution of isolated dwarf galaxies - II. Angular momentum as a second parameter (2011)

We show results based on a large suite of N-Body/SPH simulations of isolated, flat dwarf galaxies, both rotating and non-rotating. The main goal is to investigate possible mechanisms to explain the observed dichotomy in radial stellar metallicity profiles of dwarf galaxies: dwarf irregulars (dIrr) and flat, rotating dwarf ellipticals (dE) generally possess flat metallicity profiles, while rounder and non-rotating dEs show strong negative metallicity gradients. These simulations show that flattening by rotation is key to reproducing the observed characteristics of flat dwarf galaxies, proving particularly efficient in erasing metallicity gradients. We propose a "centrifugal barrier mechanism" as an alternative to the previously suggested "fountain mechanism" for explaining the flat metallicity profiles of dIrrs and flat, rotating dEs. While only flattening the dark-matter halo has little influence, the addition of angular momentum slows down the infall of gas, so that star formation (SF) and the ensuing feedback are less centrally concentrated, occurring galaxy-wide. Additionally, this leads to more continuous SFHs by preventing large-scale oscillations in the SFR ("breathing"), and creates low density holes in the ISM, in agreement with observations of dIrrs. Our general conclusion is that rotation has a significant influence on the evolution and appearance of dwarf galaxies, and we suggest angular momentum as a second parameter (after galaxy mass as the dominant parameter) in dwarf galaxy evolution. Angular momentum differentiates between SF modes, making our fast rotating models qualitatively resemble dIrrs, which does not seem possible without rotation.
Reaction mechanism of nucleoside 2′-deoxyribosyltransferases: free-energy landscape supports an oxocarbenium ion as the reaction intermediate (2019)

Insight into the catalytic mechanism of Lactobacillus leichmannii nucleoside 2'-deoxyribosyltransferase (LlNDT) has been gained by calculating a quantum mechanics-molecular mechanics (QM/MM) free-energy landscape of the reaction within the enzyme active site. Our results support an oxocarbenium species as the reaction intermediate and thus an SN1 reaction mechanism in this family of bacterial enzymes. Our mechanistic proposal is validated by comparing experimental kinetic data on the impact of the single amino acid replacements Tyr7, Glu98 and Met125 with Ala, Asp and Ala/norLeu, respectively, and accounts for the specificity shown by this enzyme on a non-natural substrate. This work broadens our understanding of enzymatic C-N bond cleavage and C-N bond formation.
In vitro inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by paraquat. (1986)

(PQ, 1,1 ' -dimethyl-4,4' -bipyridinium dichloride) has been widely used for an immediately acting herbicide. However, a number of accidents have recently occurred as the results of accidental oral ingestion or suicidal intent.1} The poisoning from PQ,
ATR task and training requirements analysis (1983)

Task analysis techniques were used to assist in identifying improvements needed in the training curriculum for selected positions at the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). Six positions were examined - Experiment Power Reactor Operator, Experiment (EPRO-Ex); Experiment Power Reactor Operator, Console (EPRO-Co); Senior Reactor Engineer (SRE); Assistant Shift Supervisor (AS); Shift Supervisor (SS); and Process Control Operator (PCO). A complete position task listing and a core of tasks defined in terms of (a) level of difficulty to perform, (b) severity of consequence if performed improperly, and (c) associated error probability were identified for each position. The systems, academic, and administrative knowledge needed by job incumbents to perform each task was noted. Strategies for teaching the knowledge associated with these tasks are presented.
Optical pumping magnetic resonance in high magnetic fields: characterization of the optical properties of Rb-Xe mixtures (1996)

The spectroscopic characteristics of the polarization of 129Xe nuclei in Xe gas by spin exchange with optically pumped Rb atoms is examined in high magnetic field. The high field Zeeman effect provides the spectral dispersion necessary to separate the effects of different light polarizations and incident wavelengths on the pumping cycle. Indirect detection of the D1 line in Rb using 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance in combination with direct optical detection indicates that conventional container construction significantly decreases the efficiency of the 129Xe polarization. The decreased pumping efficiency is due to randomly polarized photons that can be eliminated by using containers with good optical quality windows. Study of these effects is facilitated by the large Zeeman shifts obtained with multi-tesla fields which resolve the D1 multiplet structure even in the presence of the significant pressure-broadening incells with typical gas pressures of 0⋅1-1 atm.
Photobiomodulation Inhibits Long-term Structural and Functional Lesions of Diabetic Retinopathy (2017)

Previous studies demonstrated that brief (3 to 4 min) daily application of light at 670 nm to diabetic rodents inhibited molecular and pathophysiologic processes implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and reversed diabetic macular edema in small numbers of patients studied. Whether or not this therapy would inhibit the neural and vascular lesions that characterize the early stages of the retinopathy was unknown. We administered photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy daily for 8 months to streptozotocin-diabetic mice and assessed effects of PBM on visual function, retinal capillary permeability, and capillary degeneration using published methods. Vitamin D receptor and <i>Cyp24a1</i> transcripts were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR, and the abundance of c-Kit<sup>+</sup> stem cells in blood and retina were assessed. Long-term daily administration of PBM significantly inhibited the diabetes-induced leakage and degeneration of retinal capillaries and also significantly inhibited the diabetes-induced reduction in visual function. PBM also inhibited diabetes-induced reductions in retinal <i>Cyp24a1</i> mRNA levels and numbers of circulating stem cells (CD45<sup>-</sup>/c-Kit<sup>+</sup>), but these effects may not account for the beneficial effects of PBM on the retinopathy. PBM significantly inhibits the functional and histopathologic features of early DR, and these effects likely are mediated via multiple mechanisms.
Digital Storytelling as a Gateway to Computer Science (2009)

Computer science departments continually look for ways to make computer science more relevant to a wider population of students, to attract more students to the major and combat declining enrollments. This article describes the initial offering of a digital storytelling course within a computer science department at a small liberal arts college. The course was offered as a freshman seminar during the fall of 2006 to a group of thirteen students of widely varying technical backgrounds. Students explored elements of effective storytelling within the context of several genres: text, images, video, and computer programming. We discuss how the course utilized elements of storytelling to introduce key computer science concepts and to foster critical thinking. We dissect what activities worked especially well and how the instructor plans on evolving the course in the future, as well as the benefits and limitations to offering such a course within the context of a freshman seminar.
Computational geometry of heart surfaces (2003)

A method for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the ventricular epicardial surface and its motion by biplane coronary angiography is illustrated and discussed. An estimate of the epicardial surface is obtained by minimizing a smoothness functional over the set of all the surfaces satisfying the input-data constraints. A specific smoothness function is described. A similar approach is applied to estimate the epicardial displacement field. In this way a more complete use of available motion data as well as a full utilization of kinematic descriptors of heart motion is made possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development of Novel Process for Removing Cadmium from Scallops Organ Waste Using Apple Juice Residue (2006)

ホタテガイの中腸腺廃棄物 (ウロ) 中には高濃度のカドミウムが含まれている。カドミウムの除去によりウロは肥料や飼料としての資源化が期待できる。pH=1.5の希硫酸によるカドミウムの浸出―柿渋の凝集剤を併用したリンゴ搾汁残渣の吸着剤への吸着―希硫酸による溶離―水酸化ナトリウムによる沈殿・回収より成る除去プロセスを開発した。吸着の支配因子はpHで, 浸出液中のカドミウムを完全に吸着・除去するにはpH>4とする必要がある。本プロセスにおいては外部からアルカリを添加することなしに, ウロのタンパク質の加水分解で発生するペプチドやアミノ酸の1級アミノ基が有する水素イオンの吸収機能を利用することにより吸着に適したpHに上昇させることができた。吸着したカドミウムは0.1mol/dm3の希硫酸によりほぼ100%溶離され, 水酸化ナトリウムを添加することにより水酸化カドミウムの沈殿として回収された。
<title>Novel rangefinding system using a correlation image sensor</title> (2000)

This paper proposes a 3D measurement principle for the correlation image sensor (CIS), which generates temporal correlation between light intensity and an external reference signal at each pixel. Another key of our system besides the CIS is amplitude-modulation of the scanning sheet beam, the phase of which relative to a reference signal is varied according to the scanning angle. After a scan within a frame, the phase is demodulated with a quadrature pair of reference signals and output by the CIS to compute the individual angle of the sheet bam at each pixel. By virtue of lock-in detection principle, the effects of background illumination and/or surface reflectance nonuniformity of the object are thoroughly removed. We implemented this system using our CMOS 64 by 64 pixel CIS, and successfully reconstructed a depth map under its frame rate.
Modular non-repeating codes for DNA storage (2016)

1 Abstract We describe a strategy for constructing codes for DNA-based information storage by serial composition of weighted finite-state transducers. The resulting state machines can integrate correction of substitution errors; synchronization by interleaving watermark and periodic marker signals; conversion from binary to ternary, quaternary or mixed-radix sequences via an efficient block code; encoding into a DNA sequence that avoids homopolymer, dinucleotide, or trinucleotide runs and other short local repeats; and detection/correction of errors (including local duplications, burst deletions, and substitutions) that are characteristic of DNA sequencing technologies. We present software implementing these codes, available at https://github.com/ihh/dnastore , with simulation results demonstrating that the generated DNA is free of short repeats and can be accurately decoded even in the presence of substitutions, short duplications and deletions.
DNA−Protein Cross-links between Guanine and Lysine Depend on the Mechanism of Oxidation for Formation of C5 Vs C8 Guanosine Adducts (2007)

The reaction between N(alpha)-acetyllysine methyl ester (Lys) and 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) was used to study structural aspects of DNA-protein cross-link (DPC) formation. The precise structure of DPCs depended on the nature of the oxidant and cross-linking reactions in which a series of different oxidation conditions generated a distribution of adducts, principally spirodiiminodihydantoins with lysine appended at the purine position of C5 (5-Lys-Sp), C8 (8-Lys-Sp), or both C5 and C8 (5,8-diLys-Sp). Singlet oxygen oxidation of dGuo produced 5-Lys-Sp exclusively when Rose Bengal or methylene blue was used to photochemically generate (1)O2 in the presence of Lys, whereas riboflavin or benzophenone-mediated photochemistry generated lysine radicals and led to C8 adduct formation, yielding 8-Lys-Sp and 5,8-diLys-Sp. Notably, the yield of dGuo modifications from riboflavin photooxidation increased dramatically in the presence of lysine. Oxidation of deoxyguanosine/lysine mixtures with Na2IrCl6 or sulfate radicals produced both 5-Lys-Sp and 8-Lys-Sp. The same adducts were formed in single and double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides, and these could be analyzed after nuclease digestion. Adduct formation in duplex DNA was somewhat dependent on the accessibility of lysine to C5 vs C8 of the purine. No adduct formation was detected between lysine and the other nucleobases T, C, or A. Overall, the precise location of adduct formation at C5 vs C8 of guanine appears to be diagnostic of the oxidation pathway.
The Nanoporous Metallization of Polymer Membranes through Photocatalytically Initiated Electroless Deposition (2013)

We present the novel use of Photocatalytically Initiated Electroless Deposition (PIED) for the deposition of metal films with highly ordered arrays of sub-µm (hemi)spherical pores directly onto the surface of insulating organic membrane-based substrates. This is achieved by sensitisation of the target substrate with a TiO 2 photocatalyst followed by the self-assembly of a hexagonally close packed polystyrene microsphere template at the substrate surface. Metallisation then occurs through PIED into the template interstices and directly onto the TiO 2 sensitised membrane surface. The dimensions of the resultant pores in the deposited metal are determined by the size of the template microspheres while metal film thickness may be controlled by the deposition period. The fabrication of nanoporous metal by this novel method adds a conductive and permeable metallic structure of high surface area to an otherwise electrically insulating polymer membrane surface. Such metallised insulating membranes have potentially wide applications in membrane and separation technology, desalination and electrode / solid electrolyte composites for fuel cells.
Transformation optics compressed rotman lens implemented with complementary metamaterials (2011)

The solutions to the Rotman lens design equations constrain the minimum size of the device. Here we use Transformation Optics to compress a transmission line based Rotman lens by 27 percent along the optical axis while maintaining the beam steering range, gain and side lobe amplitudes over the full frequency range of the original lens. The transformation applied requires an anisotropic magnetic response, which is achieved in the transmission line context using complementary electric dipole structures patterned into the top conductor of the lens. The non-resonant complementary metamaterial elements provide an anisotropic, eective magnetic permeability with values that can be varied across a spatial region by varying the geometry of each element.
Effect of oxidation pretreatment by hydrogen peroxide on iron removal from wastewater of a sulfuric acid iron‐pickling process (2004)

Abstract In this paper, a new method for the treatment of wastewater from a sulfuric acid iron‐pickling process is described. A two‐stage treatment process that includes a hydrogen peroxide oxidation first step based on Fenton reactions, and a lime precipitation second step, was compared with the one‐stage conventional treatment process that includes only lime precipitation. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the beneficial effect of oxidation as a pretreatment method because the conventional treatment method cannot meet the Greek Emission Limit Values for effluent disposal to surface waters at any pH, whereas the proposed method can. Complete removal of iron (&lt;1 mg/L) and sulfates (&lt;500 mg/L) can be achieved. In contrast, at the same pH using the conventional method, the concentrations of iron and sulfates in the effluent are greater than 500 and 2500 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, COD and BOD are reduced by the proposed process (&gt;90%) as a result of oxidation. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2004
CMOS devices and circuits for microwave and millimeter wave applications (2006)

Recent results on characterization, modelling and circuit design based on 90/130 nm CMOS is presented in this paper. Amplifiers, frequency multipliers, and mixers were realized for frequencies up to 60 GHz. Circuit results based on two different transmission line approaches are reported. Load-pull characterization of transistors at 9 GHz and 23 GHz are also reported with 250mW/mm and 150 mW/mm output power for a 90 nm and 130 nm CMOS technology respectively. Initial studies of FINFETs promise feasibility of analogue circuits up to millimetre wave frequencies.
Photodissociation kinetics of aluminum cluster ions: Determination of cluster dissociation energies (1989)

The photodissociation of aluminum clusters, Al+n (n=7–17), has been studied over a broad energy range (1.88–6.99 eV). Measurements of the lifetimes of the photoexcited clusters are described. Dissociation energies have been determined by comparing the measured lifetimes with the predictions of a simple RRKM model. The dissociation energies show an overall increase with cluster size, but there are substantial oscillations around n=7–8 and n=13–15. Cluster cohesive energies are derived from these results and from previous measurements of the dissociation energies of the smaller clusters. The cohesive energies of the larger clusters (n&amp;gt;6) are in good agreement with the predictions of a simple model based on the bulk cohesive energy and the cluster surface energy. However, the cohesive energies are substantially larger than the results of recent ab initio calculations. The photodissociation spectrum of Al+8 has been measured and shows a broad absorption feature with a maximum ∼470 nm.
Motion Scheme for Dextrous Manipulation in the Intelligent Cooperative Manipulation System - ICMS. (1994)

Publisher Summary This paper proposes a motion scheme for dextrous manipulation for the intelligent cooperative manipulation system—ICMS. Key idea of this motion scheme is the hand-manipulation skill model used for skill acquisition, transfer, and manipulation assistance in the ICMS. The proposed skill mapping maps from desired object task trajectories to finger contact point locations and can describe complex manipulation tasks, where contact states of the fingers may change during the task. Characteristics of this skill mapping are discussed; a scale transformation increases applicability for a change in object scale. Based on the motion scheme for dextrous manipulation, a skill example of pen rotation by four fingers is acquired from the human operator and the acquired skill is transferred to a four-fingered dextrous robotic hand with a different kinematic structure and size than the human hand. Replacing the complex input device attached to the human hand by a much simpler position and orientation sensor is the idea of the manipulation assistant also shown in this chapter. The human supervisory operator inputs desired object position and orientation, and the ICMS assists in that the references for the dextrous hand are generated by the proposed motion scheme.
[Comparative assessment of helical CT-angiography, 2D TOF MR-angiography and 3D gadolinium enhanced MRA in aorto-iliac occlusive disease]. (2000)

3D Gd-MRA, a technique with potential for further improvement, is superior to 2D TOF MRA for detecting significant stenosis and occlusion of aorto-iliac arteries. Results at Gd-MRA are nearly similar to those at CTA (after excluding internal iliac arteries). Results at Gd-MRA are not affected by calcified plaque.