gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seismic resilience of a hospital system (2009)

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive model to quantify disaster resilience of systems that is defined as the capability to sustain functionality and recover from losses generated by extreme events. The model combines loss estimation and recovery models and can be applied to critical facilities (e.g. hospitals, military buildings, etc.), as well as utility lifelines (e.g. electric power systems, transportation networks, water systems etc.) that are crucial to the response of recovery processes, decisions and policies. Current research trend leads toward the definition of complex recovery models that are able to describe the process over time and the spatial definition of recovery (e.g. meta-models for the case of health care facilities). The model has been applied to a network of hospitals in Memphis, Tennessee. The resilience framework can be used as a decision support tool to increase the resilience index of systems, such as health care facilities, and reduce disaster vulnerability and consequences. Keywords: fragilityfunctionalityhospitallossesrecoveryresilience Acknowledgements This research was supported in part by the Earthquake Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award Number EEC-9701471 to MCEER and by the State of New York (NYS). Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.
Advances and remaining challenges in the transformation of barley and wheat (2011)

Highly efficient and cost-effective transformation technologies are essential for studying gene function in the major cereal crops, wheat and barley. Demand for efficient transformation systems to allow over-expression, or RNAi-mediated silencing of target genes, is greatly increasing. This is due to technology advances, such as rapid genome sequencing, enhancing the rate of gene discovery and thus leading to a large number of genes requiring functional analysis through transformation pipelines. Barley can be transformed at very high efficiency but the methods are genotype-dependent. Wheat is more difficult to transform, however, recent advances are also allowing the development of high-throughput transformation systems in wheat. For many gene function studies, barley can be used as a model for wheat due to its highly efficient transformation rates and smaller, less complex genome. An ideal transformation system needs to be extremely efficient, simple to perform, inexpensive, genotype-independent, and give the required expression of the transgene. Considerable progress has been made in enhancing transformation efficiencies, controlling transgene expression and in understanding and manipulating transgene insertion. However, a number of challenges still remain, one of the key ones being the development of genotype-independent transformation systems for wheat and barley.
Airsacculitis in Broilers from Mycoplasma synoviae: Effect on Air-Sac Lesions of Vaccinating with Infectious Bronchitis and Newcastle Virus (1972)

SUMMARY Broilers vaccinated against infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease developed airsacculitis following aerosol exposure to broth cultures of Mycoplasma synoviae. Incidence and severity of lesions was maximum 3 weeks postexposure, but few lesions were grossly visible 6 weeks postexposure. In another trial, aerosol exposure of unvaccinated birds or bronchitis vaccination 5 days after mycoplasma exposure resulted in a low incidence of airsacculitis with mild lesions. Vaccination 5 days prior to mycoplasma exposure led to increased severity of airsacculitis, while vaccination and mycoplasma exposure on the same day resulted in the highest incidence and severity of lesions. Aerosol exposure to M. synoviae in broilers vaccinated simultaneously against both infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease led to depressed growth and less efficient feed conversion.
Process development using negative tone development for the dark field critical layers in a 28nm node process (2012)

The demand for ever shrinking semiconductor devices is driving efforts to reduce pattern dimensions in semiconductor lithography. In this work, the aim is to find a single patterning litho solution for a 28nm technology node using 193nm immersion lithography. Target poly pitch is 110nm and metal1 pitch is 90nm. For this, we have introduced a range of different techniques to reach this goal. At this node, it becomes essential to include the layout itself into the optimization process. This leads to the introduction of restricted design rules, together with the co-optimization of source and mask (SMO) and the use of customized illumination modes (freeform illumination sources; Flexray<sup>TM</sup>). Also, negative tone development (NTD) is employed to further extend the applicability of 193nm immersion lithography. Traditionally, the printing of contacts and trenches is done by using a dark field mask in combination with a positive tone resist and positive tone development. The use of negative tone development enables images reversal. This allows benefiting from the improved imaging performance when exposing with bright field masks. The same features can be printed in positive tone resists and with improved process latitudes. At the same time intermediate metal (IM) layers are used to connect the front-end and back-end-of-line, resulting in huge area benefits compared to layouts without these IM layers. The use of these IM layers will not happen for the 28nm node, but is intended to be introduced towards the 20nm node, and beyond. Nevertheless, the choice was made to use this architecture to obtain a first learning cycle on this approach. In this study, the use of negative tone development is explored, and its use for the various dark field critical layers in a 28nm node process is successfully demonstrated. In order to obtain sufficiently large process windows, structures are printed larger than the designed target CD. As a consequence, a shrink of the structures needs to be applied to obtain the target CD after etch. Different shrink approaches are compared. Final results on wafer are discussed, focusing on critical layers as IM1, IM2, Via0 and Metal1.
Determination of Fluorene in Fish, Sediment, and Plants (1986)

Methods and their applications are described for the determination of fluorene in fish, sediment, and plants. Sample extracts are enriched by using 2 or more of the following: gel permeation, silica gel, potassium silicate, sulfuric acid-impregnated silica gel, and activated carbon. Efficiency was improved by applying the adsorbents in combination or as tandem enrichment modules. Analyses by liquid chromatography (LC) with ultraviolet or fluorescence detection (LC/UV or LC/F) yielded limits of detection of 30, 3, and 30 ng/g and average recoveries of 80, 81, and 74% for fish, sediment, and plants, respectively.
A Crystal Age (1990)

In The Purple Land, Richard Lamb states: It is so often said that an ideal state — an Utopia where there is no folly, crime, or sorrow — has a singular fascination for the mind. … [But] I hate all dreams of perpetual peace, all wonderful cities of the sun, where people consume their joyless monotonous years in mystic contemplations, or find their delight like Buddhist monks in gazing on the ashes of dead generations of devotees. The state is one unnatural, unspeakably repugnant; the dreamless sleep of the grave is more tolerable to the active, healthy mind than such an existence.94 KeywordsMusical CellDreamless SleepSpiritual ClimateSexual InstinctArched RoofThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Plantas medicinais abortivas utilizadas por mulheres de UBS: etnofarmacologia e análises cromatográficas por CCD e CLAE (2013)

O emprego de plantas medicinais refere-se a uma prática milenar, seja na medicina alternativa para cura de diversas doenças, ou como método abortivo. No entanto, a população em geral desconhece os grandes riscos que a cometem. Neste sentido este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o índice de consumo de plantas medicinais por mulheres de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), na tentativa de identificar quais as espécies mais frequentemente ingeridas inclusive em período gestacional. Através de um questionário de caráter explorativo com 48 mulheres observou-se que a maioria das entrevistadas tinha filhos e as plantas medicinais mais citadas foram "boldo" (Peumus boldus), "carqueja" (Baccharis trimera) e "sene" (Cassia angustifolia), as quais eram empregadas principalmente em dores estomacais ou como digestivos (53%), para resfriados (23%), cólicas menstruais (4%) ou para menstruar (2%). Outra parte do trabalho constituiu a análise visual e química de espécies de plantas medicinais citadas pelo público feminino entrevistado, bem como, outras utilizadas popularmente com propriedades abortivas. Análises visuais comparativas de amostras de plantas medicinais de quatro estabelecimentos comerciais diferentes denominadas Grupo A-C, mostraram a ausência de controle de qualidade com relação às especificações nas embalagens, e separação do material vegetal a ser consumido. Através de análises dos perfis químicos destas amostras por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) indicaram que aquelas pertencentes ao Grupo C diferiram significativamente em relação àquelas de mesma identificação, exceto no que se refere ao boldo do Chile, cujas amostras apresentaram-se bastante similares com relação à constituição química.
Gender Gap in the Leadership of Health Institutions: The Influence of Hospital-Level Factors (2021)

<b>Objective:</b> To analyze whether the increased representation of women in the health field is accompanied by a greater presence in leadership positions in the public health system and whether there are differences according to the hospital level. <b>Methods:</b> A descriptive study of the distribution of leadership positions by sex and type of hospital within the health centers of a regional public health system. <b>Results:</b> In total, 74.01% of the professionals were women. The representation of women in management positions was 33.1%, and among service chiefs, it was 24.01%. In the service headings, we observed that surgical specialties had a lower representation of women (30.9% in medical specialties vs. 18.1% in surgical specialties, <i>p</i><0.0001). By type of hospital, no differences were found in the management positions, but there were differences in the medical chiefs, with less female representation in the regional hospitals (28.6% vs. 39.7%, <i>p</i>=0.003). <b>Conclusion:</b> Women represent the majority in the public health system. Nonetheless, their representation in positions of greater responsibility and decision-making is very limited, being particularly low in county hospitals. Increasing female representation in these positions is a current challenge for society, and equality policies need to be developed and applied to minimize this gender gap.
Use of diffusion tensor imaging in glioma resection (2013)

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is increasingly used in the resection of both high- and low-grade gliomas. Whereas conventional MRI techniques provide only anatomical information, DTI offers data on CNS connectivity by enabling visualization of important white matter tracts in the brain. Importantly, DTI allows neurosurgeons to better guide their surgical approach and resection. Here, the authors review basic scientific principles of DTI, include a primer on the technology and image acquisition, and outline the modality's evolution as a frequently used tool for glioma resection. Current literature supporting its use is summarized, highlighting important clinical studies on the application of DTI in preoperative planning for glioma resection, preoperative diagnosis, and postoperative outcomes. The authors conclude with a review of future directions for this technology.
Role of Ingredients in Pasta Product Quality: A Review on Recent Developments (2010)

Pasta is prepared using dough made from any suitable material such as semolina, durum flour, farina flour, corn, rice, wheat, or any combination of these, with water. Also, pasta can be enriched, supplemented, fortified, or remain conventional. In recent years, several ingredients and additives have been developed and are being used to improve the quality of pasta made from aestivum or durum wheat. Here we analyze how the different ingredients play an important role in pasta manufacture by enhancing nutritional parameters, palatability, and overall product quality.
CICC (2015)

Android's permission system offers an all-or-nothing installation choice for users. To make it more flexible, users may choose a popular app tool, called permission manager, to selectively grant or revoke an app's permissions at runtime. A fundamental requirement for such permission manager is that the granted or revoked permissions should be enforced faithfully. However, we discover that none of existing permission managers meet this requirement due to permission leaks. To address this problem, we propose CICC, a fine-grained, semantic-aware, and transparent approach for any permission managers to defend against the permission leaks. Compared to existing solutions, CICC is fine-grained because it detects the permission leaks using call-chain information at the component instance level, instead of at the app level or component level. The fine-grained feature enables it to generate a minimal impact on the usability of running apps. CICC is semantic-aware in a sense that it manages call-chains in the whole lifecycle of each component instance. CICC is transparent to users and app developers, and it requires minor modification to permission managers. Our evaluation shows that CICC incurs relatively low performance overhead and power consumption.
N2D: (Not Too) Deep Clustering via Clustering the Local Manifold of an\n Autoencoded Embedding (2019)

Deep clustering has increasingly been demonstrating superiority over\nconventional shallow clustering algorithms. Deep clustering algorithms usually\ncombine representation learning with deep neural networks to achieve this\nperformance, typically optimizing a clustering and non-clustering loss. In such\ncases, an autoencoder is typically connected with a clustering network, and the\nfinal clustering is jointly learned by both the autoencoder and clustering\nnetwork. Instead, we propose to learn an autoencoded embedding and then search\nthis further for the underlying manifold. For simplicity, we then cluster this\nwith a shallow clustering algorithm, rather than a deeper network. We study a\nnumber of local and global manifold learning methods on both the raw data and\nautoencoded embedding, concluding that UMAP in our framework is best able to\nfind the most clusterable manifold in the embedding, suggesting local manifold\nlearning on an autoencoded embedding is effective for discovering higher\nquality discovering clusters. We quantitatively show across a range of image\nand time-series datasets that our method has competitive performance against\nthe latest deep clustering algorithms, including out-performing current\nstate-of-the-art on several. We postulate that these results show a promising\nresearch direction for deep clustering. The code can be found at\nhttps://github.com/rymc/n2d\n
Molybdenum η3-Allyl Dicarbonyl Complexes as a New Class of Precursors for Highly Reactive Epoxidation Catalysts with tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide (2007)

New Mo(II) diimine derivatives of [Mo(η3-allyl)X(CO)2(CH3CN)2] (allyl = C3H5 and C5H5O; X = Cl, Br) were prepared, and [Mo(η3-C3H5)Cl(CO)2(BIAN)] (BIAN = 1,4-(4-chloro)phenyl-2,3-naphthalenediazabutadiene) (7) was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This complex adopted an equatorial−axial arrangement of the bidentate ligand (axial isomer), in contrast with the precursors, found as the equatorial isomer in the solid and fluxional in solution. The new complexes of the type [Mo(η3-allyl)X(CO)2(N−N)] (N−N is a bidentate chelating dinitrogen ligand) were tested for the catalytic epoxidation of cyclooctene using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant. All catalytic systems were 100% selective toward epoxide formation. While their turnover frequencies paralleled those of related Mo(II) carbonyl compounds or Mo(VI) compounds bearing similar N-donor ligands, they exhibited similar olefin conversions in consecutive catalytic runs. The acetonitrile precursors were generally more active than the diimine complexes, and the chloro derivatives more active than the bromo ones. Combined vibrational and NMR spectroscopy and computational studies (DFT) were used to investigate the nature of the molybdenum species formed in the catalytic system with [Mo(η3-C3H5)Cl(CO)2{1,4-(2,6-dimethyl)phenyl-2,3-dimethyldiazabutadiene}] (4) and to propose that the resulting species may be dimeric bearing oxide bridges.
Context-Dependent Feature Values in Text Categorization (2020)

Feature engineering is one aspect of knowledge engineering. Besides feature selection, the appropriate assignment of feature values is also crucial to the performance of many software applications, such as text categorization (TC) and speech recognition. In this work, we develop a general method to enhance TC performance by the use of context-dependent feature values (aka term weights), which are obtained by a novel adaptation of a context-dependent adjustment procedure previously shown to be effective in information retrieval. The motivation of our approach is that the general method can be used with different text representations and in combination of other TC techniques. Experiments on several test collections show that our context-dependent feature values can improve TC over traditional context-independent unigram feature values, using a strong classifier like Support Vector Machine (SVM), which past works have found to be hard to improve. We also show that the relative performance improvement of our method over the context-independent baseline is comparable to the levels attained by recent word embedding methods in the literature, while an advantage of our approach is that it does not require the substantial training needed to learn word embedding representations.
Targeted Molecular Therapy in Palliative Cancer Management (2020)

Acknowledging the correlation of response to therapy based on the “targeting the target” concept, FDA demonstrated confidence in precision therapy approaches by approving Foundation One® CDx test in late 2017 as an indicated diagnostic for cancer patients. More than 100 precision therapies involving both solid and liquid malignancy have since been approved by FDA as indicated therapy in a variety of cancer types as related to correlated molecular target. We provide clinical justification of consideration for precision therapy guided by matched molecular target, specifically focusing on PI3K/mTOR/AKT, BRCA, CDK4/6, EGFR and BRAF V600E for advanced disease cancer patients who previously failed optimal NCCN guideline directed standard of care.
Variable penetrance of a familial progressive necrotising encephalopathy due to a novel tRNAIle homoplasmic mutation in the mitochondrial genome (2004)

Our results support the concept that homoplasmic mutations in tRNA genes can be responsible for mitochondrial disorders characterised by extremely variable penetrance. Albeit still unexplained, this phenomenon has important consequences in the nosological characterisation, clinical management, and genetic counselling of mitochondrial disorders.
Hardware Suitable Implementation for CNPC Transmission (2020)

Command and non-payload communication (CNPC) is one of key enablers for unmanned aircraft system (UAS) to be safely integrated into national airspace by providing a highly reliable link. In the CNPC, the level of unwanted emission in the out-of-band domain should be strictly limited for the support of a highly reliable link without any significant inter-channel interferences as well as the optimized use of CNPC spectrum resources. Moreover, to transmit the various information type, CNPC should be operated on various transmission modes in order to support various data rates which are depending on amount of information sent via CNPC. Those requirements make the implementation of a channelization filter required in a CNPC transmitter. Considering the filter implementation in analog domain for the support of the requirements may lead cost to be increased, a digital FIR filter, which is generally used in conventional communication systems, can be considered. However, a lot of hardware logic resources are required in the implementation of digital FIR filter supporting various transmission modes under the very low level of out-of-band emission. In the paper, in order to solve this problem, we apply to cascaded integrator-comb (CIC) filter and compensation filter for the efficient and attractive hardware implementation of CNPC transmitter with reasonable costs.
Multiple description coding of predictively encoded sequences (2003)

We are concerned with multiple description coding of predictively encoded sequences at low rates/redundancies. The key problem to be solved is that of avoiding predictive mismatch. We propose an algorithm based on multiple description correlating transforms (MDCT), which avoids the problem of predictive mismatch while not increasing the number of transmitted coefficients. Under a general first-order, Gauss-Markov source model, carefully formulated to be applicable to the practically important case of video coding, we obtain closed-form expressions for the operational rate-distortion characteristics of the proposed algorithm and use these to optimize the algorithm encoding parameters. In the case of the residual-of-residuals technique, which is also based on MDCT, we show that incorporation of any redundancy between the transmitted descriptions is inherently suboptimal. Results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the residual-of-residuals technique at low rates.
ATTRACTION AND REPRESSION OFDENDROCTONUS PSEUDOTSUGAE(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) BY THREE SYNTHETIC PHEROMONES IN TRAPS IN OREGON AND IDAHO (1972)

Abstract Comparative tests were made in Oregon and Idaho employing sticky traps with three synthetic pheromones of Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, frontalin, 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, and trans -verbenol, and the host attractants Douglas-fir resin, alpha-pinene, and camphene. The attractiveness of frontalin combined with host volatiles reported earlier from Idaho was confirmed. The combination of trans -verbenol with frontalin plus camphene in Oregon brought the highest response among synthetic treatments, but the addition of trans-verbenol to other treatments with frontalin sometimes decreased beetle response.3-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one almost nullified the attractiveness of all baits tested. The practical use of such a compound to prevent beetle aggregation and protect susceptible Douglas-fir trees as well as to regulate the "spillover" from attractive baits is considered as a possible new method of protection against bark beetles.
An Efficient Authentication Scheme with Fault Tolerance for Database Systems (2005)

This paper proposes an efficient authentication scheme with fault tolerance for database systems. The proposed scheme significantly reduces the total overhead by sharing an innovative checksum for the purposes of both locating the error position and serving as a digital signature. The proposed authentication scheme can check the data integrity of a record and ensure the non-repudiation of a record digitally signed by a sender. The proposed scheme is able to correct a single error within each record and is ideal for many database applications in which both authentication and fault tolerance are required.