gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Formalism for Random Interval Maps with Holes (2021)

We develop a quenched thermodynamic formalism for open random dynamical systems generated by finitely branched, piecewise-monotone mappings of the interval. The openness refers to the presence of holes in the interval, which terminate trajectories once they enter; the holes may also be random. Our random driving is generated by an invertible, ergodic, measure-preserving transformation $σ$ on a probability space $(Ω,\mathscr{F},m)$. For each $ω\inΩ$ we associate a piecewise-monotone, surjective map $T_ω:I\to I$, and a hole $H_ω\subset I$; the map $T_ω$, the random potential $φ_ω$, and the hole $H_ω$ generate the corresponding open transfer operator $\mathcal{L}_ω$. For a contracting potential, under a condition on the open random dynamics in the spirit of Liverani--Maume-Deschamps, we prove there exists a unique random probability measure $ν_ω$ supported on the survivor set ${X}_{ω,\infty}$ satisfying $ν_{σ(ω)}(\mathcal{L}_ωf)=λ_ων_ω(f)$. We also prove the existence of a unique random family of functions $q_ω$ that satisfy $\mathcal{L}_ωq_ω=λ_ωq_{σ(ω)}$. These yield an ergodic random invariant measure $μ=νq$ supported on the global survivor set, while $q$ combined with the random closed conformal measure yields a unique random absolutely continuous conditional invariant measure (RACCIM) $η$ supported on $I$. We prove quasi-compactness of the transfer operator cocycle and exponential decay of correlations for $μ$. Finally, the escape rates of the random closed conformal measure and the RACCIM $η$ coincide, and are given in terms of the expected pressure, as is the Hausdorff dimension of the surviving set $X_{ω,\infty}$. We provide examples of our general theory, including random $β$-transformations and random Lasota-Yorke maps.
The ratio of the numbers of odd and even cycles in outerplanar graphs (2021)

In this paper, we investigate the ratio of the numbers of odd and even cycles in outerplanar graphs. We verify that the ratio generally diverges to infinity as the order of a graph diverges to infinity. We also give sharp estimations of the ratio for several classes of outerplanar graphs, and obtain a constant upper bound of the ratio for some of them. Furthermore, we consider similar problems in graphs with some pairs of forbidden subgraphs/minors, and propose a challenging problem concerning claw-free graphs.
Reflections On Denmark As It Was, And Emigration To America (1986)

In the late medieval and modern periods the histories of Denmark and Norway paralleled each other. During much of that interval the Union of Kalmar (1397-1523), which included also a dynastic tie with Sweden, practically insured common political, economic, and religious development. On the threshold of the modern age Sweden broke away from the Union (1523), but Norway was obliged to remain under Danish rule until 1814.
[1 + 4]-Cycloaddition of a stable silylene to 2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl-1,3,5-triphosphabenzene (1999)

The stable bis(amino)silylene Si[(NCH2But)2C6H4-1,2] 1 undergoes [1 + 4]-cycloaddition with 2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl-1,3,5-triphosphabenzene 2 to afford compound 3: the molecular structure of 3 is supported by NMR spectroscopic data and confirmed by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study.
Mammalian pre-mRNA 3′ End Processing Factor CF Im68 Functions in mRNA Export (2009)

Export of mRNA from the nucleus is linked to proper processing and packaging into ribonucleoprotein complexes. Although several observations indicate a coupling between mRNA 3' end formation and export, it is not known how these two processes are mechanistically connected. Here, we show that a subunit of the mammalian pre-mRNA 3' end processing complex, CF I(m)68, stimulates mRNA export. CF I(m)68 shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in a transcription-dependent manner and interacts with the mRNA export receptor NXF1/TAP. Consistent with the idea that CF I(m)68 may act as a novel adaptor for NXF1/TAP, we show that CF I(m)68 promotes the export of a reporter mRNA as well as of endogenous mRNAs, whereas silencing by RNAi results in the accumulation of mRNAs in the nucleus. Moreover, CF I(m)68 associates with 80S ribosomes but not polysomes, suggesting that it is part of the mRNP that is remodeled in the cytoplasm during the initial stages of translation. These results reveal a novel function for the pre-mRNA 3' end processing factor CF I(m)68 in mRNA export.
Computer Graphics for Transient Fields (1977)

This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using computer graphics for the teaching of dynamic fields. The importance of choosing a simple and robust algorithm is emphasized and the use of the relatively new TLM method is recommended for this application. Results are presented for a diffusion problem and a dynamic response to a pulse in a waveguide.
New Insights on Flower Constellations Theory (2012)

The theory of Flower Constellations consists of a general methodology to design axial-symmetric satellite constellations whose satellites all move on the same trajectory with respect to a reference frame rotating at assigned constant angular velocity. Due to the complexity, the Flower Constellations theory as introduced by the authors, is incomplete, leaving open several problems, such as the equivalency and the similarity. In this article, the foundations of the Flower Constellations theory are revisited from a mathematical perspective, and three new important invariants of these constellations are found constituting fundamentals toward the complete theory. These are: the -space, the flower anomaly, and the configuration number. Using these elements, we provide a theorem giving the necessary and sufficient conditions for the equivalency problem in the -space and an algorithm allowing to generate all the similar Flower Constellations to a given one.
Compact optical 90° hybrid employing a tapered 2×4 MMI coupler serially connected by a 2×2 MMI coupler (2010)

We propose a novel optical 90 degrees hybrid employing a paired-interference-based tapered 2x4 multimode interference coupler and a 2x2 multimode interference coupler. It was experimentally shown that the proposed 90 degrees hybrid has very short device length of less than 227 mum and is never accompanied by any waveguide intersections for coupling to balanced photodiodes. The proposed device exhibited quadrature phase response with a common-mode rejection ratio of more than 20dB and a phase deviation of less than 5 degrees over C-band spectral range.
DiSCoVeR: a Materials Discovery Screening Tool for High Performance, Unique Chemical Compositions (2021)

We present Descending from Stochastic Clustering Variance Regression (DiSCoVeR), a Python tool for identifying high-performing, chemically unique compositions relative to existing compounds using a combination of a chemical distance metric, density-aware dimensionality reduction, and clustering. We introduce several new metrics for materials discovery and validate DiSCoVeR on Materials Project bulk moduli using compound-wise and cluster-wise validation methods. We visualize these via multiobjective Pareto front plots and assign a weighted score to each composition where this score encompasses the trade-off between performance and density-based chemical uniqueness. We explore an additional uniqueness proxy related to property gradients in chemical space. We demonstrate that DiSCoVeR can successfully screen materials for both performance and uniqueness in order to extrapolate to new chemical spaces.
Calorie Restriction Modulates Renal Expression of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins, Lipid Accumulation, and Age-Related Renal Disease (2005)

Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP) are major regulators of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. This study found that age-related renal matrix deposition and proteinuria were associated with increased renal expression of SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 and increased renal accumulation of triglyceride and cholesterol. Because calorie restriction (CR) modulates age-related renal disease, it then was determined whether the effects of CR are mediated partially by modulation of renal lipid metabolism. Compared with ad libitum (AL)-fed 24-month-old (24m) F344BN rats, CR resulted in significant decreases in extracellular matrix accumulation (periodic acid-Schiff staining and immunofluorescence of type IV collagen and fibronectin) and proteinuria. A significant decrease was also observed in the renal expression of growth factors (connective tissue growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor) and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1). These structural and functional changes were associated with significant decreases in renal nuclear SREBP-1 (5.2 in 24m AL versus 3.3 densitometry units in 24m CR; P < 0.01) and SREBP-2 (7.1 in 24m AL versus 4.1 densitometry units in 24m CR; P < 0.01) protein abundance and renal triglyceride and cholesterol contents. It is interesting that serum leptin level was significantly increased as a function of aging, and CR resulted in significant reduction in serum leptin level. Because it was shown previously that increased renal expression of SREBP-1a per se caused renal lipid accumulation, glomerulosclerosis, and proteinuria, the results suggest that CR modulates age-related renal disease in part by modulation of renal SREBP expression and renal lipid accumulation.
PROLONGATION OF PRIMATE RENAL ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL BY ANTI-TAC, AN ANTI-HUMAN IL-2 RECEPTOR MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (1989)

In an effort to produce specific immunosuppression through the targeting of those lymphocytes expressing cell surface interleukin 2 receptors in response to an allograft, the anti-human IL-2 receptor monoclonal antibody anti-Tac was administered to cynomolgus monkeys receiving renal transplants. The data demonstrate that anti-Tac produces a significant delay in renal allograft rejection and prolongs host survival in cynomolgus monkeys. Though higher doses of anti-Tac produce modest delays in rejection, there was a surprising finding of greatly prolonged survival in three of five monkeys treated with much lower doses of anti-Tac. Anti-Tac was not shown to be synergistic with cyclosporine in this model. Animals treated with anti-Tac developed high titers of antibodies against the murine monoclonal antibody after 6-8 days of treatment, associated with the disappearance of plasma anti-Tac staining of activated lymphocytes as measured by flow cytometry. The data confirm the utility of the IL-2 receptor as a target for immunosuppressive therapy, and suggest that investigations of dosage and of methods to reduce the immunogenicity of anti-IL-2 receptor agents may be beneficial.
Drive of a high torque, low speed switched reluctance machine (2002)

A novel switched reluctance machine, based on the fact that the rotor rolls on the inside of the stator, is described and evaluated. An efficient power converter for controlling the freewheeling energy in its rotor coils requiring only a low number of switches, is also presented. Tests on an experimental model are compared with theoretical calculation. Attention is drawn to the robustness and simplicity of the motor, so that it can be considered for low cost applications where large torque and low speed are required from a gearless construction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A CASE OF LUNG CANCER WITH ECTOPIC PRODUCTION OF BONE RESORPTION STIMURATING FACTOR AND ACTH (1983)

高カルシウム血症が悪性腫瘍に認められることがあるが,これには腫瘍の骨転移によるもの以外に,腫瘍から血中に分泌される体液性の骨吸収促進因子によつて起こされる場合もある.我々は,肺原発の腺癌が脳および腋窩ジンパ節に転移したと推定された1例において,血清Ca値が最高13.6mg/dlに上昇したので,その原因について検討した.本例の全身骨X線検査および骨シンチグラフィで明らかな骨転移巣が認められず, 45Caで標識したラット前腕骨からの45Ca放出を指標にした生物学的測定法により血清中の骨吸収活性が高値を示した.したがつて,本例の高カルシウム血症は体液性因子により引き起こされたものと考えられた.しかし,血清副甲状腺ホルモン, 1, 25(OH)2 vitamin Dおよび尿中c-AMPは高値を示さず,副甲状腺ホルモンあるいは1, 25(OH)2, vitamin D以外の骨吸収促進因子の存在が疑われた.一方,副腎皮質刺激ホルモン(ACTH)は血清中で794pg/ml,組織中では16.7ng/wetgの高値を示し,血清コーチゾール,尿中170HCS, 17KSの高値も認めた.しかし, Cushing症状は認めなかつた.本例は,骨吸収促進因子およびACTHを同時に産生している症例と考えられた.
Synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-7(6H)-ones and pyrazolo-5-carboxamides and interaction with benzodiazepine and adenosine A1 receptors in rat cerebral cortex. (1988)

The effects of several newly synthesized pyrazolo [4,3-d] pyrimidine-7-ones and pyrazolo-5-carboxamides on [3H]-flunitrazepam and [3H]-cyclohexyladenosine binding in rat cerebral cortex membranes have been studied. The compounds under examination, displaying affinities in the micromolar range for both benzodiazepine and adenosine A1 receptors, could be of interest in the study of a possible link between the two receptor systems.
Lead‐Free Assembly Reliability—General (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Basic Physical Properties of Solder Creep Deformation Thermal Fatigue Creep Rupture Isothermal (Mechanical) Fatigue Out-of-Plane Bending Impact/Shock Loading Effect of Rework on Reliability High-Temperature Operating Life (HTOL) Electrochemical Migration Tin Whiskering Tin Pest Summary Acknowledgments References
The pentose phosphate pathway in regenerating skeletal muscle (1978)

1. The activities of the oxidative enzymes (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) and of the non-oxidative enzymes (transaldolase, tranketolase, ribose 5 phosphate isomerase and ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase) of the pentose phosphate pathway were measured at various times during the first 24h of skeletal-muscle regeneration after administration of Marcaine, a mytoxic local anesthetic. 2. The activities of the oxidative enzymes increased after Marcaine injection and rose to 9 times control activities by 24h. 3. The activities of all non-oxidative enzymes were increased after Marcaine administration, but to a much smaller extent than the oxidative enzymes (1.1-1.7-fold). 4. Histochemical analysis localized glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity within muscle fibres of control and Marcaine-treated muscles. 5. Cycloheximide or actinomycin D prevented the increase in oxidative enzyme activities, suggesting a requirement for synthesis of protein and RNA.
Monomethylsilane as a New Dopant Precursor for n-Type GaN Grown by MOVPE (1998)

Monomethylsilane (MMSi) is demonstrated as an alternative Si dopant precursor for silane. It is stable in the air and it is in gas phase at room temperature. Si-doped GaN films were grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) using MMSi. The electron concentration was controlled linearly with the MMSi flow rate in the range 1 x 10{sup 18} cm{sup -3} to 2 x 10{sup 19} cm{sup -3}. Carbon contamination in the n-type GaN was measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and was lower than the detection limit of SIMS (1 x 10{sup 17} cm{sup -3}). The electron mobility was equal to or higher than those obtained from other reported dopant precursors for a given electron concentration. These results indicate that it is a suitable dopant precursor to obtain n-type GaN in high quality and a much safer MOVPE system can be established. (orig.) 6 refs.
A Non-Affinity Based Method for Purification of IgG Monoclonal Antibodies (2006)

Finding an alternative to protein A based purification of IgG has emerged as a focal interest for the biopharmaceutical industry, the major drivers being procurement cost, media life, and bioburden issues. However, protein A has proven so effective that an entire paradigm —the platform concept—has evolved around it, creating an even greater challenge for potential alternatives. This study will evaluate the utility of a purification pro cedure consisting of hydroxyapatite, anion exchange, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography.
The specificity of neutralizing antibodies to feline leukaemia viruses (1978)

Feline leukaemia viruses (FeLV) of subgroups A (FeLV-A), B(FeLV-B) and C(FeLV-C) were examined by neutralization. The FeLV-A isolates were monotypic. By contrast, there was antigenic variation within subgroups B and C. There was also considerable cross-reactivity between subgroups. Thus, FeLV-A viruses showed weak cross-reactivity to the standard FeLV-C isolate; four of the subgroup B viruses were identical and cross-reactied with the standard FeLV-C, but not with FeLV-A or the fifth FeLV-B, and this latter virus weakly cros-reacted with FeLV-A but not with the FeLV-C; within subgroup C, one virus was indistinguishable from the standard FeLV-C strain but the other two were very similar to FeLV-A. Therefore, subgroup classification based on interference did not altogether correspond with neutralizing behaviour for subgroups B and C.
West Nile Virus in Mexico: Evidence of Widespread Circulation since July 2002. (2003)

West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies were detected in horses from five Mexican states, and WNV was isolated from a Common Raven in the state of Tabasco. Phylogenetic studies indicate that this isolate, the first from Mexico, is related to strains from the central United States but has a relatively high degree of sequence divergence.
Lipid mediators in membrane rafts are important determinants of human health and disease (2007)

The new field of membrane rafts has provided fresh insight and a novel framework in which to understand the interaction, relation, and organization of lipids and proteins within cell membranes. This review will examine our current understanding of membrane rafts and their role in human health. In addition, the effect of various lipids, including dietary lipids, on membrane raft structure and function will be discussed. Membrane rafts are found in all cells and are characterized by their high concentration of cholesterol, sphingolipids, and saturated fatty acids. These lipids impart lateral segregation of membrane proteins, thus facilitating the spatial organization and regulation of membrane proteins involved in many cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell signaling. Therefore, membrane rafts are shedding new light on the origins of metabolic disturbances and diseases such as cancer, insulin resistance, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease, which will be further discussed in this review.
Essential Roles of Cyclin Y-Like 1 and Cyclin Y in Dividing Wnt-Responsive Mammary Stem/Progenitor Cells (2016)

Cyclin Y family can enhance Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mitosis. Their physiological roles in mammalian development are yet unknown. Here we show that Cyclin Y-like 1 (Ccnyl1) and Cyclin Y (Ccny) have overlapping function and are crucial for mouse embryonic development and mammary stem/progenitor cell functions. Double knockout of Ccnys results in embryonic lethality at E16.5. In pubertal development, mammary terminal end buds robustly express Ccnyl1. Depletion of Ccnys leads to reduction of Lrp6 phosphorylation, hampering β-catenin activities and abolishing mammary stem/progenitor cell expansion in vitro. In lineage tracing experiments, Ccnys-deficient mammary cells lose their competitiveness and cease to contribute to mammary development. In transplantation assays, Ccnys-deficient mammary cells fail to reconstitute, whereas constitutively active β-catenin restores their regeneration abilities. Together, our results demonstrate the physiological significance of Ccnys-mediated mitotic Wnt signaling in embryonic development and mammary stem/progenitor cells, and reveal insights in the molecular mechanisms orchestrating cell cycle progression and maintenance of stem cell properties.
Founder of Leg Club model awarded Order of the British Empire in recent Queen's Birthday Honours (2015)

In the recent Queen's Birthday Honours, Ellie Lyndsay (Founder of Leg Club) was awarded an Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to nursing. The honour recognises her years of hard work and commitment to the Leg Club model, which is now recognised as a viable, replicable and cost-effective way to treat people with lower limb problems. The International Wound Journal family salutes Ellie in both the achievement of this honour and also her dedication to the Leg Club cause. Commencing employment with the NHS in 1977, her nursing experience within the hospital environment included medical, surgical and coronary care. Following several years within a specialist cardiac unit (coronary care unit), she undertook a career change to community nursing in 1988. Ellie was appointed District Nursing Sister in 1994 and obtained her specialist practitioner qualification in 1997, commencing as a Community Practice Teacher in 1998. Ellie conceived and introduced an innovative, social Leg Club model for wound management in the community in 1995, and has since disseminated the concept worldwide. She left the NHS to become an independent specialist practitioner and clinical consultant in December 2002. Ellie established the Lindsay Leg Club Foundation, a registered charity, in September 2005. She has published more than 60 articles, predominantly concerning the Leg Club model and patient empowerment and is regularly invited to speak at UK and international conferences. Ellie has received multiple awards for her Leg Club model, including the 2001 British Journal of Nursing Award for Clinical Practice, the Nursing Standard Nurse 2003 (Wound Care) Award, the 2007 British Journal of Nursing Award for Health Promotion and the 2007 Wounds UK Award for Innovation in Patient Care. In 2011 she received national recognition for her contribution to nursing when she was awarded one of the professions highest distinctions – The British Journal of Nursing Lifetime Achievement Award. She continues to facilitate the introduction of Leg Clubs in the UK, Australia and Europe. Happily, this was further recognised by the award of the OBE, demonstrating national recognition outside of the medical community. Once again we the IWJ family offer our congratulations and gratitude for your life's work in the wound care arena.
Semi-blind Channel Estimation Algorithm for an FPGA Based 2�2 MIMO System (2007)

This paper reports on the development of a semi-blind channel estimation algorithm that is aimed for inclusion in a 2times2 multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. The system employs a field programmable gate array (FPGA) for fast processing of transmitted data. Its RF part is built using commercially available components and in-house developed antennas. FPGA hardware is used for fast processing of IF signals. The performance of the developed channel estimation algorithm is tested assuming the Alamouti coding scheme. An in-house developed MIMO channel emulation algorithm is applied during these tests.
Biocompatible, Biodegradable Polymers for Use in Bone Repair, (1987)

Abstract : The need to regenerate bone has inspired the development and application of a vast number of materials to treat skeletal deficiencies. Traditionally, autogenous grafts and allogeneic bone bank preparations are the treatments of choice for skeletal reconstruction. Of particular interest to our group are the biocompatible, biodegradable synthetic polymers that may be used as carrier systems for selected bone inducing protein aggregates. The biocompatible, biodegradable polymers offer the advantages of being immunologically privileged, capable of formation into almost any shape, and of degrading naturally and in harmony with new bone formation. Our discussion will be limited to synthetic polymeric materials that either have been investigated for delivering bone inducing proteins or that have potential for such application.