gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ziconotide: a review of its pharmacology and use in the treatment of pain (2007)

Ziconotide is a powerful analgesic drug that has a unique mechanism of action involving potent and selective block of N-type calcium channels, which control neurotransmission at many synapses. The analgesic efficacy of ziconotide likely results from its ability to interrupt pain signaling at the level of the spinal cord. Ziconotide is a peptidic drug and has been approved for the treatment of severe chronic pain in patients only when administered by the intrathecal route. Importantly, prolonged administration of ziconotide does not lead to the development of addiction or tolerance. The current review discusses the various studies that have addressed the in vitro biochemical and electrophysiological actions of ziconotide as well as the numerous pre-clinical studies that were conducted to elucidate its antinociceptive mechanism of action in animals. In addition, this review considers the pivotal Phase 3 (and other) clinical trials that were conducted in support of ziconotide's approval for the treatment of severe chronic pain and tries to offer some insights regarding the future discovery and development of newer analgesic drugs that would act by a similar mechanism to ziconotide but which might offer improved safety, tolerability and ease of use.
The effect of fluid composition, salinity, and acidity on subcritical crack growth in calcite crystals (2016)

Abstract Chemically activated processes of subcritical cracking in calcite control the time‐dependent strength of this mineral, which is a major constituent of the Earth's brittle upper crust. Here experimental data on subcritical crack growth are acquired with a double torsion apparatus to characterize the influence of fluid pH (range 5–7.5) and ionic strength and species (Na 2 SO 4 , NaCl, MgSO 4 , and MgCl 2 ) on the propagation of microcracks in calcite single crystals. The effect of different ions on crack healing has also been investigated by decreasing the load on the crack for durations up to 30 min and allowing it to relax and close. All solutions were saturated with CaCO 3 . The crack velocities reached during the experiments are in the range 10 −9 –10 −2 m/s and cover the range of subcritical to close to dynamic rupture propagation velocities. Results show that for calcite saturated solutions, the energy necessary to fracture calcite is independent of pH. As a consequence, the effects of fluid salinity, measured through its ionic strength, or the variation of water activity have stronger effects on subcritical crack propagation in calcite than pH. Consequently, when considering the geological sequestration of CO 2 into carbonate reservoirs, the decrease of pH within the range of 5–7.5 due to CO 2 dissolution into water should not significantly alter the rate of fracturing of calcite. Increase in salinity caused by drying may lead to further reduction in cracking and consequently a decrease in brittle creep. The healing of cracks is found to vary with the specific ions present.
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Three Different Modalities of Lithotrites for Intracorporeal Lithotripsy in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (2017)

The Cyberwand, Lithoclast Select, and the StoneBreaker lithotripters have similar adjusted stone clearance rates in PCNL for stones >2 cm. The safety and efficacy of these devices are comparable.
BotProfiler: Detecting Malware-Infected Hosts by Profiling Variability of Malicious Infrastructure (2016)

Ever-evolving malware makes it difficult to prevent it from infecting hosts. Botnets in particular are one of the most serious threats to cyber security, since they consist of a lot of malware-infected hosts. Many countermeasures against malware infection, such as generating network-based signatures or templates, have been investigated. Such templates are designed to introduce regular expressions to detect polymorphic attacks conducted by attackers. A potential problem with such templates, however, is that they sometimes falsely regard benign communications as malicious, resulting in false positives, due to an inherent aspect of regular expressions. Since the cost of responding to malware infection is quite high, the number of false positives should be kept to a minimum. Therefore, we propose a system to generate templates that cause fewer false positives than a conventional system in order to achieve more accurate detection of malware-infected hosts. We focused on the key idea that malicious infrastructures, such as malware samples or command and control, tend to be reused instead of created from scratch. Our research verifies this idea and proposes here a new system to profile the variability of substrings in HTTP requests, which makes it possible to identify invariable keywords based on the same malicious infrastructures and to generate more accurate templates. The results of implementing our system and validating it using real traffic data indicate that it reduced false positives by up to two-thirds compared to the conventional system and even increased the detection rate of infected hosts.
Hypergrating for Focusing Vortex Beam Below Diffraction Limit (2022)

Light with an orbital angular momentum can strongly modify optical transition selection rules when beam size is reduced to subwavelength scale. We demonstrated a method for focusing orbital angular momentum beams below the diffraction limit.
High-speed and low-dark-current flip-chip InAlAs/InAlGaAs quaternary well superlattice APDs with 120 GHz gain-bandwidth product (1993)

High-speed flip-chip InAlAs/InAlGaAs quaternary well superlattice avalanche photodiodes grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy have been achieved with 120-GHz gain-bandwidth product. These photodiodes exhibit a maximum bandwidth of 15 GHz, 0.34- mu A dark current at a multiplication factor of 20, a capacitance of 0.17 pF, 65% quantum efficiency, and a low breakdown voltage of about 20 V. A clear eye opening at a multiplication factor of 20 was obtained for 10-Gbs nonreturn to zero signals. This indicates that these devices have potential for high-speed, high-sensitivity and low-power-consumption, long-wavelength optical receivers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The effect of light intensity and temperature on photocatalytic water splitting (2011)

Photocatalytic water splitting is a process which could potentially lead to commercially viable solar hydrogen production. This thesis uses an engineering perspective to investigate the technology. The effect of light intensity and temperature on photocatalytic water splitting was examined to evaluate the prospect of using solar concentration to increase the feasibility of the process.

P25 TiO2 films deposited on conducting glass were used as photocatalyst electrodes and coupled with platinum electrodes which were also deposited on conducting glass. These films were used to form a photocatalysis cell and illuminated with a Xenon arc lamp to simulate solar light at intensities up to 50 suns. They were also tested at temperatures between 20°C and 100°C.

The reaction demonstrated a sub-linear relationship with intensity. Photocurrent was proportional to intensity with an exponential value of 0.627. Increasing temperature resulted in an exponential relationship. This proved to follow an Arrhenius relationship with an activation energy of 10.3 kJ mol-1 and a pre-exponential factor of approximately 8.7×103.

These results then formed the basis of a mathematical model which extrapolated beyond the range of the experimental tests. This model shows that the loss of efficiency from performing the reaction under high light intensity is offset by the increased reaction rate and efficiency from the associated temperature increase. This is an important finding for photocatalytic water splitting. It will direct future research in system design and materials research and may provide an avenue for the commercialisation of this technology.
Toward efficient and robust software speculative parallelization on multiprocessors (2003)

With speculative parallelization, code sections that cannot be fully analyzed by the compiler are aggressively executed in parallel. Hardware schemes are fast but expensive and require modifications to the processors and memory system. Software schemes require no extra hardware but can be inefficient.This paper proposes a new software-only speculative parallelization scheme. The scheme is developed after a systematic evaluation of the design options available and is shown to be efficient and robust and to outperform previously proposed schemes. The novelty and performance advantage of the scheme stem from the use of carefully tuned data structures, synchronization policies, and scheduling mechanisms. Experimental results show that our scheme has small overheads and, for applications with few or no data dependence violations, realizes on average 71% of the speedup of a manually parallelized version of the code, outperforming two recently proposed software-only speculative parallelization schemes. For applications with many data dependence violations, our performance monitors and switches can effectively curb the performance degradation.
Clustering for Similar Recipes in User-Generated Recipe Sites Based on Main Ingredients and Main Seasoning (2016)

Today, many people are constantly using user-generated recipe sites when they prepare their meals. Users search for recipes for their meals from the recipe sites. However, when they search for a recipe using an ingredient name, numerous similar pages which are coincidentally similar or which have been plagiarized are found for them. Moreover, a user who searches for a recipe usually does not select a high-ranking recipe from the search results, reacting better than one might with usual web searches. Given many similar recipes included in the search results, it appears to be difficult for them to compare multiple recipes. Actually, when users compare similar recipes, they must better understand the different points of similar recipes. That need for comparison imposes a great burden on users. Therefore, a system classifying the results of user searches according to similar pages in real time would be beneficial for users. In this paper, we propose a clustering method for user-generated recipe sites based on page structure and main ingredient and main seasoning of the food. It provides a means of classifying the user search results according to similar pages. We conducted an experiment to measure the benefits of our proposed method. The experiment results presents the benefits of our proposed method, which classifies similar recipes based on the main ingredients and main seasonings.
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan on leukemic cells is primarily involved in integrin triggering and its mediated adhesion to endothelial cells. (1996)

Leukocyte migration from circulation into tissue depends on leukocyte integrin-mediated adhesion to endothelium, but integrins cannot function until activated. However, it remains to be understood how tumor cells adhere to endothelium and infiltrate into underlying tissue. We studied mechanisms of extravasation of leukemic cells using adult T cell leukemia (ATL) cells and report the following novel features of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan on ATL cells in ATL cell adhesion to endothelium: ATL cells adhere to endothelial cells through already activated integrins without exogenous stimulation; different from any other hematopoietic cells, ATL cells express a characteristic heparan sulfate capable of immobilizing heparin-binding chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 beta, a potent T cell integrin trigger, produced by the cells themselves; competitive interruption of endogenous heparan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis reduces cell surface MIP-1 beta and prevents ATL cells from integrin-mediated adhesion to endothelial cells or intercellular adhesion molecule-1 triggered through G-protein. We propose that leukemic cells adhere to endothelial cells through the adhesion cascade, similar to normal leukocyte, and that the cell surface heparan sulfate, particularly on ATL cells, is pivotally involved in chemokine-dependent autocrine stimulation of integrin triggering by immobilizing the chemokine on them.
Fixed-film, fluidized-bed bioreactors for biooxidation of coal gasification wastewaters (1984)

Fixed-film, fluidized-bed bioreactors have been used successfully to treat dilute synthetic wastewaters on a continuous basis for more than 1 year and dilute actual coal conversion wastewaters for 9 months. The bioreactors have exhibited stable biological activity, and no difficult operating problems have been encountered. Effluent phenol concentrations of less than or equal to 1 mg/L have been obtained using synthetic wastewater containing 30 to 40 mg/L of phenol. Volumetric reaction rates in the bioreactors are substantially higher than those in suspended growth systems (such as activated sludge) because of the high concentration of retained cells on the support particles. Bioreactor performance, batch kinetic studies, and development, characterization, and preservation of the microbial culture are described. 15 references, 2 figures, 7 tables.
Shale Preservation and Testing Techniques for Borehole-Stability Studies (2001)

Summary Shale rocks are known to be the primary troublesome formation that has plagued drillers for many years. Attempts have been made to investigate the characteristics of shales, but results are limited because of the scarcity of test samples. Rapid deterioration of cuttings and cores has made data collection limited at best and a complete failure in many cases. It now appears that the shales become unsaturated as they dry out because of poor storage conditions, which result in false test results owing to the incorporation of capillary pressure artifacts. This paper discusses results obtained with a specially preserved, highly reactive shale core obtained at a depth of 4,500 ft in the North Sea. A previously developed method was used for the evaluation of shale cores to determine their level of saturation. This study shows that shales must be preserved at their native water content if accurate physical measurements are to be made. Swelling data show that shales that are altered during handling (hydrated or dehydrated) do not respond properly even when restored to their native hydration conditions. They tend to experience excessive swelling compared to cores kept at their native water content. Results also showed that the North Sea core used in this study was maintained in a fully saturated condition during coring, retrieval, and storage. The technique used is discussed here.
A comprehensive analysis of precursor microRNA cleavage by human Dicer (2012)

Dicer cleaves double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) or precursor microRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to yield ≈ 22-nt RNA duplexes. The pre-miRNA structure requirement for human Dicer activity is incompletely understood. By large-scale in vitro dicing assays and mutagenesis studies, we showed that human Dicer cleaves most, although not all, of the 161 tested human pre-miRNAs efficiently. The stable association of RNAs with Dicer, as examined by gel shift assays, appears important but is not sufficient for cleavage. Human Dicer tolerates remarkable structural variation in its pre-miRNA substrates, although the dsRNA feature in the stem region and the 2-nt 3'-overhang structure in a pre-miRNA contribute to its binding and cleavage by Dicer, and a large terminal loop further enhances pre-miRNA cleavage. Dicer binding protects the terminal loop from digestion by S1 nuclease, suggesting that Dicer interacts directly with the terminal loop region.
Gain Measurement of a Free Electron Laser with an Optical Klystron on the UVSOR Storage Ring (1993)

We have conducted experiments to measure the gain of a free electron laser (FEL) with an optical klystron (OK) on the UVSOR storage ring. A conventional undulator has been remodeled into the OK in order to increase the gain. The FEL gain at a wavelength of 488 nm has been measured as a function of N d , which is the number of wavelengths of light passing over an electron in a dispersive section of the OK. The measured gain curve is in good agreement with that calculated according to Madey's theorem from a measured spectrum of spontaneous radiation. The measured instantaneous peak gain is 0.4% for an average beam current of 10 mA/bunch, which agrees well with the gain calculated theoretically. The gain with the OK is enhanced by a factor of five compared with that with the conventional undulator.
Ballottement des liquides dans les réservoirs cylindriques soumis à une oscillation harmonique: régimes d'onde non-linéaire et brisure (2005)

Jury : C. Baudet, Professeur UJF, Président A. Cartellier, Directeur de recherche CNRS, Co-directeur de thèse C. Clanet, Professeur, Ecole Polytechnique, Rapporteur F. Dias, Professeur ENS Cachan, Rapporteur E. Hopfinger, Directeir de recherche émérite CNRS, Directeur de thèse B. Molin, Enseignant-chercheur, EGIM, Examinateur B. Vieille, Ingénieur de recherche CNES, Examinateur
Objective Computerized Determination of the Minimum Cross-Sectional Area of the Nasal Passage on Computed Tomography (2005)

The developed method may be used for objective and observer-independent evaluation of surgical treatment options.
Repurposing leflunomide for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a phase 1 study (2020)

The inexpensive, well-tolerated, immunomodulatory agent leflunomide, used extensively for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, has been shown to produce significant activity against multiple myeloma (MM) in pre-clinical studies. We conducted a phase 1 study (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02509052) of single agent leflunomide in patients with relapsed/refractory MM (≥3 prior therapies). At dose levels 1 and 2 (20 and 40 mg), no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed. At dose level 3 (60 mg), one patient experienced elevated alanine aminotransferase; an additional three patients were enrolled at this dose level without further DLTs. Overall, toxicities were infrequent and manageable. Nine out of 11 patients achieved stable disease (SD), two subjects experiencing SD for nearly one year or longer. The tolerable safety profile of leflunomide, combined with a potential disease stabilization, is motivating future studies of leflunomide, in combination with other MM drugs, or as an approach to delay progression of smoldering MM.
Comparative properties of bagasse, canola and hemp particle boards (2010)

Residues of Bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.), canola (Brassica napus L.) and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as well as industrial wood chips in various proportions from 0–100% were used as raw materials for the main component of the middle layer in urea formaldehyde bonded particle boards. The results reveal that most of the investigated mechanical-technological properties of the boards achieved the requirements of EN 312-2 (2003). Only increasing the percentage of canola chips usage in the middle layer to more than 30% negatively affect the internal bond (IB) properties. Comparing the water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) values, the boards containing up to 50% bagasse and hemp reach similar values to the ones of the reference boards, while increasing the amount of canola leads to more and more disadvantageous WA and TS. In summary, the results reveal that agri-fibers can be used for making composite panels conforming to the standards (EN 312-2 2003). One possible application for these panels could be the production of furniture.
Comparison of antitumor effect of recombinant L-asparaginase with wild type one in vitro and in vivo. (2002)

Recombinant L-asparaginase markedly inhibited tumors tested in this study and the results strongly suggest that recombinant L-asparaginase has great potential for clinical treatment of these tumors.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISCHE SYNTH. VON AROMATISCHEN CHLORVERBINDUNGEN AUS AROMATISCHEN JODVERBINDUNGEN (1970)

Abstract Aromatische Jodverbindungen (I), z.B. die Verbindungen (IX), (XII)‐(XVI), werden in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff (V) über radikalische Zwischenstufen in die entsprechenden Chlorverbindungen (VI) umgewandelt.
Prediction of Downlink SNR for Opportunistic Beamforming (2007)

Opportunistic beamforming (OBF) is a technique to jointly increase the throughput and quality of service (QoS) in a multiuser system with fair and channel-aware scheduling. With this technique, the channel dynamics are influenced such that fading peaks occur more often within a given period of time. Channel-aware scheduling requires reliable SNR information in the base station that is obtained via feedback information from the users. Since this feedback is not instantaneous, the problem caused by a feedback delay are exacerbated by OBF because of higher channel dynamics. In this paper, a SNR predictor is derived for OBF that is matched to the beamforming process.
Towards a general multi-view registration technique (1996)

We present an algorithm that reduces significantly the level of the registration errors between all pairs in a set of range views. This algorithm refines initial estimates of the transformation matrices obtained from either the calibrated acquisition setup or a crude manual alignment. It is an instance of a category of registration algorithms known as iterated closest-point (ICP) algorithms. The algorithm considers the network of views as a whole and minimizes the registration errors of all views simultaneously. This leads to a well-balanced network of views in which the registration errors are equally distributed, an objective not met by previously published ICP algorithms which all process the views sequentially. Experimental results show that this refinement technique improves the calibrated registrations and the quality of the integrated model for complex multi-part objects. In the case of scenes comprising man-made objects of very simple shapes, the basic algorithm faces problems common to all ICP algorithms and so must be extended.
Potential of Passive DVB-T Radar Component Against Illegal UAV Flights (2022)

For now many years, illegal UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) flights have been observed in different countries and under various environments. The intent of such illegal flights may cover industrial espionage up to terrorist attacks. Countering such an asymmetric threat is now of increasing and challenging interest for many countries. The main compulsory functions for such an anti-UAV system will be briefly discussed from detection, localization, identification/classification, extraction (an UAV has to be isolated from other detections) to the alert function. After this introduction about the context, a description of a passive DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial) radar component will be given, and its potential, in regard to the previously described functions, will be illustrated using experimental results. Such a passive approach will be shortly compared with active radar components. Several measurement campaigns have been conducted with quite a huge variety of nano-small UAVs (multirotors such as ANAFI, Mavik, Phantom 4, F450 up to M600 as well as fixed wings such as ranger, Disco, X8 and X11) evolving under various configurations (bistatic bases, different weather conditions) and a selection of the most meaningful results will be presented.