gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comments On String Theory (2002)

String theory avoids the ultraviolet infinities that arise in trying to quantize gravity. It is also more predictive than conventional quantum field theory, one aspect of this being the way that it contributed to the emergence of the concept of ``supersymmetry'' of particle interactions. There are hints from the successes of supersymmetric unified theories of particle interactions that supersymmetry is relevant to elementary particles at energies close to current accelerator energies; if this is so, it will be confirmed experimentally and supersymmetry is then also likely to be important in cosmology, in connection with dark matter, baryogenesis, and/or inflation. Magnetic monopoles play an important role in the structure of string theory, and thus should certainly exist, if string theory is correct, though they may have been diluted by inflation to an unobservable level. The monopole mass in many attractive models is near the Planck mass, but, if unification of elementary particle forces with gravity occurs near TeV energies through large or warped extra dimensions, as in some recent models, then monopoles should be below 100 TeV and in an astrophysical context would be ultrarelativistic. In such models, supersymmetry would definitely be expected at TeV energies.
A Practical and Modular Method to Implement Extended Transaction Models (1998)

Although many extended transaction models have been proposed [Elm93], few practical implementations exist and even fewer can support more than one model. We present the Reflective Transaction Framework, as a practical and modular method to implement extended transaction models. We achieve modularity by applying the Open Implementation approach [Kic92] (also known as meta-object protocol [KdRB91]) to the design of the reflective transaction framework. We achieve practicality by implementing on top of a commercial transaction processing monitor. For our implementation of the reflective transaction framework, we introduce transaction adapters, add-on modules built on top of existing commercial TP components, such as Encina, that extend their functionality to support extended transaction features and semantics. Since our framework design is based on the transaction processing monitor architecture [GR93], it is widely applicable to many modern TP monitors. The reflective transaction framew...
Multi-tiers route design coordinating QoS-specific K shortest paths over optical network (2015)

In the Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) based optical circuit switching network, it takes longer time to set up the intermediate optical cross-connecting devices on the route. Thus, pre-computed routing approaches are desirable to instantly set up the connection. Most of their research works are based on the K Shortest Path (KSP) algorithm or it's variants considering route disjointness, because of load balancing effect in network, its simplicity, and quick response caused by heuristic approach. However, it essentially remains some issues to be solved, especially on the capability for various QoS support and fairer load balancing. In particular, the set of K shortest paths independently selected between any two nodes is insufficient for entire network load balancing. Specifically, sequential selection of the K routes for each source-destination (S-D) pair causes the unfairness and unbalance in network load among all S-D pairs. In the paper, to tackle the above problems, we propose multi-tiers route design method, which provides more enhanced load balancing by selecting QoS specific multiple routes for each node pair, coordinating with the routes for other node pairs. The proposed method is not the improvement of the KSP algorithm and it's variants themselves, but the framework to find a limited number (K') of adequate paths from the K (K' ≤ K) routes pre-computed by KSP based algorithms for each S-D pair and each QoS level, taking spatial relationship between routes into account. Thus, the proposed method has complementary relationship with the KSP based algorithms themselves.
Evaluation and Discovery of Novel Synthetic Chalcone Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory Agents (2011)

Major anti-inflammatory agents, steroids and cyclooxygenase, were proved to have serious side effects. Here, a series of chalcone derivatives were synthesized and screened for anti-inflammatory activities. QSAR study revealed that the presence of electron-withdrawing groups in B-ring and electron-donating groups in A-ring of chalcones was important for inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 expression. Further, compounds 22, 23, 26, 40, and 47 inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 release in a dose-dependent manner and decreased LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and COX-2 mRNA production. Mechanistically, compounds 23 and 26 interfered with JNK/NF-κB signaling and dose-dependently prevented ERK and p38 activation. In addition, 23 and 26 exhibited a significant protection against LPS-induced death and were able to block high glucose-activated cytokine profiles in macrophages. Together, these data show a series of anti-inflammatory chalcones with potential therapeutic effects in inflammatory diseases.
Miniaturized dual-band dipole antenna loaded with metamaterial based structure (2011)

In this paper, a new miniaturized double-sided printed dipole antenna loaded with balanced Capacitively Loaded Loops (CLLs) as Metamaterial structure is presented. CLLs placed close to the edge of the printed antenna cause the antenna to radiate at two different frequencies, one of which is lower than self-resonant frequency of dipole antenna. In the other words, the loaded dipole antenna can perform at low frequency as compared with natural resonance frequency of unload half wavelength dipole. Finally, the CLL element is integrated with chip capacitor to provide a larger capacitance which in turn allows the resulting CLL element to resonate at a lower frequency. It is demonstrated that the proposed loaded dipole antenna is a dual band radiator with sufficient gain suitable for applications such as mobile communication and Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) system. Prototype of miniaturized double resonant dipole antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured results are in good agreement with those obtained from simulation.
Steam turbine efficiency enhancement solutions for utility powerplant applications (1996)

A continuing concern to operators of steam turbines is increasing operating costs. These costs reflect not only the rising cost of fuel and materials but also the decreased efficiency of the aging turbine fleet. Over time, damage to turbine components and increased steam leakage are the major factors resulting in lost efficiency. Steam leakage alone can account for as much as 80 percent of the efficiency losses in turbines. Since the cost of fuel and materials is largely beyond the control of steam turbine operators, the primary mechanism for realizing savings is in the improvement of turbine efficiency. An innovative program has been developed to appraise, evaluate, and restore steam turbine efficiency without major modifications to components. New turbine seal technology coupled with improved repair methods can enhance efficiency gains. This paper describes improved methods of analysis, evaluation, and repair now available to improve unit performance.
Toward an autonomous electrostatic micromotor: Integrated feedback control (2008)

The design, fabrication, and characterization of an electrostatic micromotor with an integrated feedback control system are reported. A photodiode-based position sensing mechanism has been designed and integrated in a linear micromotor supported on microball bearings. A programmable microcontroller together with integrated photodiodes has been used to create a feedback loop for controlled mechanical motion. Speed and position control have been demonstrated showing superior performance over open loop excitation. Autonomous decision making to overcome friction barriers and to provide continuous motion has been achieved through control algorithms. This system allows for the realization of smart micromachines capable of providing position control, increased speed, efficient and reliable operation.
Multiplex secretome engineering enhances recombinant protein production and purity (2020)

Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities generated during biotherapeutic protein production. HCPs can be problematic if they pose a significant metabolic demand, degrade product quality, or contaminate the final product. Here, we present an effort to create a "clean" Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell by disrupting multiple genes to eliminate HCPs. Using a model of CHO cell protein secretion, we predict that the elimination of unnecessary HCPs could have a non-negligible impact on protein production. We analyze the HCP content of 6-protein, 11-protein, and 14-protein knockout clones. These cell lines exhibit a substantial reduction in total HCP content (40%-70%). We also observe higher productivity and improved growth characteristics in specific clones. The reduced HCP content facilitates purification of a monoclonal antibody. Thus, substantial improvements can be made in protein titer and purity through large-scale HCP deletion, providing an avenue to increased quality and affordability of high-value biopharmaceuticals.
Algebraic (Trapdoor) One Way Functions and their Applications (2012)

Abstract. In this paper we introduce the notion of Algebraic (Trapdoor) One Way Functions, which, roughly speaking, captures and formalizes many of the properties of number-theoretic one-way functions. Informally, a (trapdoor) one way function F: X → Y is said to be algebraic if X and Y are (finite) abelian cyclic groups, the function is homomorphic i.e. F (x) · F (y) = F (x · y), and is ringhomomorphic, meaning that it is possible to compute linear operations “in the exponent ” over some ring (which may be different from Zp where p is the order of the underlying group X) without knowing the bases. Moreover, algebraic OWFs must be flexibly one-way in the sense that given y = F (x), it must be infeasible to compute (x ′ , d) such that F (x ′ ) = y d (for d = 0). Interestingly, algebraic one way functions can be constructed from a variety of standard number theoretic assumptions, such as RSA, Factoring and CDH over bilinear groups. As a second contribution of this paper, we show several applications where algebraic (trapdoor) OWFs turn out to be useful. In particular: – Publicly Verifiable Secure Outsourcing of Polynomials: We present efficient solutions which work for rings of arbitrary size and characteristic. When instantiating our protocol with the RSA/Factoring based algebraic OWFs we obtain the first solution which supports small field size, is efficient and
The Conformational Origin of the Barrier to the Formation of Neighboring Group Assistance in Glycosylation Reactions:  A Dynamical Density Functional Theory Study (2001)

Static and dynamical Density Functional Theory studies of 2,6-di-O-acetyl-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-galactopyranosyl cation have shown that this cation can exist in two conformers characterized as (2)S(O) and B(2,5), respectively. The (2)S(O) conformer has the O-2 acyl group equatorial with the carbonyl syn to H-2 and is populated by monocyclic oxocarbenium ions. These conformational features are present in the structurally related glycosyl donor ethyl 2,6-di-O-benzoyl-3,4-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-galactothiopyranoside as determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The B(2,5) conformer has O-2 axial and allows the carbonyl to rotate and close the five-membered ring to form a bicyclic dioxolenium ion. Constraints based on natural internal coordinates were implemented to study this conformational transition. In this way the barrier to interconversion has been determined to be 34 kJ mol(-)(1) with a transition state characterized as (O)S(2) and a pathway involving pseudorotation. Thus, for the first time the structures and energetics of the key ions postulated to be involved in neighboring group assisted glycosylation reactions have been determined.
Dynamics of an Active Earthflow Inferred From Surface Wave Monitoring (2018)

Abstract Earthflows are clay‐rich, slow‐moving landslides subjected to periodic accelerations. During the stage of rapid movement, most earthflows exhibit a change in behavior from a solid to a fluid‐like state. Although this behavior has been extensively documented in the field, the mechanism leading to the rapid acceleration of earthflows is still poorly understood. Some studies suggest that earthflows essentially behave as Coulomb plastic solids, attributing the flow‐like appearance to distributed internal shearing; others believe that these landslides can be treated as viscous fluids, pointing out that the material undergoes a phase transition by increasing its moisture content. Minimal data are currently available to support these different findings. In this study, we present the results of periodic and continuous measurements of Rayleigh wave velocity carried out in an active earthflow located in the northern Apennines of Italy. Our data indicate that the material undergoes significant changes in shear stiffness and undrained strength during rapid movements. In particular, the material exhibits a substantial drop of Rayleigh wave velocity as the earthflow accelerates, followed by a slow return to predisturbance Rayleigh velocities as the landslide decelerates. Soon after a surge, the earthflow material is extremely soft and the estimated gravimetric water content is above the liquid limit. In the following months, the shear stiffness gradually increases and the water content decreases to the plastic limit following a nonlinear trend typical of a consolidation process. These data demonstrate that the earthflow transforms into a viscous fluid by softening of the material and by water entrainment.
Characteristics and risk factors for typhoid fever after the tsunami, earthquake and under normal conditions in Indonesia (2010)

The change in risk factors for typhoid complication after the tsunami in Aceh and the earthquake in Yogyakarta emphasizes the need for rapid public health intervention in natural disasters in Indonesia.
A Fuzzy Decision Tree for Processing Satellite Images and Landsat Data (2015)

Satellite and airborne images, including Landsat, ASTER, and Hyperspectral data, are widely used in remote sensing and Geo- graphic Information Systems (GIS) to understand natural earth related processes, climate change, and anthropogenic activity. The nature of this type of data is usually multi or hyperspectral with individual spectral bands stored in raster file structures of large size and global coverage. The elevated number of bands (on the order of 200 to 250 bands) requires data processing algorithms capable of extracting information content, removing redundancy. Conventional statistical methods have been devised to reduce dimension- ality however they lack specific processing to handle data diversity. Hence, in this paper we propose a new data analytic technique to classify these complex multidimensional data cubes. Here, we use a well-known database consisting of multi-spectral values of pixels from satellite images, where the classification is associated with the central pixel in each neighborhood. The goal of our proposed approach is to predict this classification based on the given multi-spectral values. To solve this classification problem, we propose an improved decision tree (DT) algorithm based on a fuzzy approach. More particularly, we introduce a new hybrid classification algorithm that utilizes the conventional decision tree algorithm enhanced with the fuzzy approach. We propose an improved data classification algorithm that utilizes the best of a decision tree and multi-criteria classification. To investigate and evaluate the performance of our proposed method against other DT classifiers, a comparative and analytical study is conducted on well-known Landsat data.
INNOVATIVE GAMMA AND NEUTRON RADIATION SHIELDING TECHNOLOGIES FOR MANAGEMENT OF HIGH-LEVEL, TRANSURANIC AND LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES D. Sayala Science & Technology Applications, LLC (2005)

This paper presents innovative Gamma and Neutron shielding technologies (patents pending) for safe and efficient management of solid, liquid and sludge radioactive wastes, as well as mixed radioactive, hazardous radioactive wastes. These technologies, along with three formulated grout mixtures (Ca-Al cement, polymer-modified asphaltine complexes and complex polymer foams) offer unparalleled radiation shielding, ease of application and cost-effectiveness. Materials of these technologies have attributes and properties that merit for multifaceted application to different aspects of management of high-level, transuranic and low-level radioactive wastes, as well as to decontamination and decommissioning of radioactively contaminated sites. This paper discusses such attributes/properties, and the scientific and engineering basis for potential applications.
Development of electron moire method using a scanning electron microscope (1991)

A new Moir&eacute; method using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the measurement of micro-deformation has been developed. This new method makes it possible to observe the Moir&eacute; fringe pattern and SEM image at the same time. In this method, a fine microgrid prepared by electron lithography is used as a model grid, and scanning exposure of the electron beam in a SEM as a master grid. The exposure of electron beam on the specimen with the model grid produces Moir&eacute; fringes of bright and dark lines formed by the different amount of the secondary electrons. This fine Moir&eacute; fringe pattern is fine and clear enough to measure the strain distribution in a small area. By this method, concentrated strains around a small holes in polyimide resin specimens and also the inhomogeneous micro-deformations such as grain boundary sliding in copper specimens were measured, with high accuracy.
Thalidomide Dosing in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (2003)

A reasonable approach for use of thalidomide in multiple myeloma is to initiate therapy at 50-100 mg nightly and escalate every 2 weeks in 50- to 100-mg increments as tolerated. Efforts should be made to titrate the dose to 400-600 mg/d, especially in patients with poor prognostic features. Efficacy should be assessed at approximately 8 weeks and the dose maintained if desired response is achieved.
Mutations in the transmembrane and juxtamembrane domains enhance IL27R transforming activity (2011)

Cytokines and their receptors regulate haemopoiesis by controlling cellular growth, survival and differentiation. Thus it is not surprising that mutations of cytokine receptors contribute to the formation of haemopoietic disorders, including cancer. We recently identified transforming properties of IL27R, the ligand-binding component of the receptor for interleukin-27. Although wild-type IL27R exhibits transforming properties in haemopoietic cells, in the present study we set out to determine if the transforming activity of IL27R could be enhanced by mutation. We identified three mutations of IL27R that enhance its transforming activity. One of these mutations is a phenylalanine to cysteine mutation at residue 523 (F523C) in the transmembrane domain of the receptor. The two other mutations identified involve deletions of amino acids in the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane region of the receptor. Expression of each of these mutant IL27R proteins led to rapid cytokine-independent transformation in haemopoietic cells. Moreover, the rate of transformation induced by these mutants was significantly greater than that induced by wild-type IL27R. Expression of these IL27R mutants also induced enhanced activation of JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) signalling compared with wild-type. An activating deletion mutation of IL27R enhanced homodimerization of the receptor by a mechanism that may involve disulfide bonding. These transforming IL27R mutants displayed equal or greater transforming activity than bona fide haemopoietic oncogenes such as BCR-ABL (breakpoint cluster region-Abelson murine leukaemia viral oncogene homologue) and JAK2-V617F. Since IL27R is expressed on haemopoietic stem cells, lymphoid cells and myeloid cells, including acute myeloid leukaemia blast cells, mutation of this receptor has the potential to contribute to a variety of haemopoietic neoplasms.
오메프라졸과 Hydroxypropyl- $\beta$ -cyclodextrin의 포접화합물의 형성과 특성 (1993)

【Inclusion complex of omeprazole(OMZ) with hydroxypropyl- $\beta$ -cyclodextrin(HP- $\beta$ -CD) was prepared by freeze-drying method. The complexation was confirmed by means of UV, CD, IR, DSC, XRD and $^{1}$ H-NMR spectra. The benzimidazole moiety of OMZ might be found to be included into the cavity of HP- $\beta$ -CD and the inclusion complex appeared to be $A_{L}$ type. The stoichiometric ratio of OMZ : HP- $\beta$ -CD was found to be 1:1, and the stability constants of the inclusion complex by solubility and UV method were about 34 and 45 M $^{-1}$ , respectively. The dissolution of OMZ was significantly enhanced from powder and. yablet of OMZ-HP- $\beta$ -CD complex when compared to those of OMZ alone, and oil-to-water partition coefficient of OMZ-HP- $\beta$ -CD complex was significantly higher than that of OMZ alone. Therefore, it was expected that the bioavailability of OMZ could be improved markedly by inclusion complexation of OMZ with HP- $\beta$ -CD.】
PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF PROGESTERONE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF ASSOCIATION COLLOIDS (1952)

It was recently reported that progesterone can be brought into aqueous solutions by various association colloids (Ekwall & Sjöblom, 1949, 1950, Ekwall, Lundsten & Sjöblom, 1951. It has also been mentioned (Diczfalusy & Westman, 1950a) that progesterone is soluble in aqueous solutions of α-tocopherol phosphate. Probably α-tocopherol phosphate in aqueous solution behaves as an association colloid. Since it has also been found that association colloids enhance the penetration of solubilized carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons (Ekwall & Setälä, 1948, Setälä & Ekwall, 1950, Ekwall, Setälä & Sjöblom, 1951 and unpublished), it seemed to be of considerable interest to investigate whether the same applies to progesterone.
Electrical activity between skin cells regulates melanoma initiation (2021)

Summary Oncogenes can only initiate tumors in certain cellular contexts, which is referred to as oncogenic competence. In melanoma, whether cells in the microenvironment can endow such competence remains unclear. Using a combination of zebrafish transgenesis coupled with human tissues, we demonstrate that GABAergic signaling between keratinocytes and melanocytes promotes melanoma initiation by BRAF V600E . GABA is synthesized in melanoma cells, which then acts on GABA-A receptors on keratinocytes. Electron microscopy demonstrates synapse-like structures between keratinocytes and melanoma cells, and multi-electrode array analysis shows that GABA acts to inhibit electrical activity in melanoma/keratinocyte co-cultures. Genetic and pharmacologic perturbation of GABA synthesis abrogates melanoma initiation in vivo. These data suggest that electrical activity across the skin microenvironment determines the ability of oncogenes to initiate melanoma.
Computation of Turbulent Appendage-Flat Plate Juncture Flow (1995)

The turbulent flow around the strut mounted on the plate is studied numerically. The main objective of this paper is to validate the numerical scheme by the comparison of the computed results with the measured one, especially, to investigate the applicability of the Baldwin-Lomax(B-L) model to the juncture flow. Computations are made by solving Reynolds-averaged wavier-Stokes equation with MAC method. The computed results are compared with experimental data of Dickinson, collected in the wind tunnel at DTRC. Comparisons show good agreements generally except at the region of wake and very near the juncture. Reynolds stress model seems to be required to improve the accuracy applicable to the juncture flow in spite of the many simplification of the turbulence modelling in B-L model.