gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theory of two-dimensional macroscopic quantum tunneling inYBa2Cu3O7−δJosephson junctions coupled to an LC circuit (2009)

We investigate classical thermal activation (TA) and macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT) for a ${\text{YBa}}_{2}{\text{Cu}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (YBCO) Josephson junction coupled to an LC circuit theoretically. Due to the coupling between the junction and the LC circuit, the macroscopic phase dynamics can be described as the escape process of a fictitious particle with an anisotropic mass moving in a two-dimensional potential. We analytically calculate the escape rate including both the TA and MQT regime by taking into account the peculiar dynamical nature of the system. In addtion to large suppression of the MQT rate at zero temperature, we study details of the temperature dependence of the escape rate across a crossover region. These results are in an excellent agreement with recent experimental data for the MQT and TA rate in a YBCO biepitaxial Josephson junction. Therefore the coupling to the LC circuit is essential in understanding the macroscopic quantum dynamics and the qubit operation based on the YBCO biepitaxial Josephson junctions.
Consistency of Response to Dupilumab in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis Over 1 Year (2022)

Video (MP4 113130 kb).
A system for the measurement of drop volume of intravenous solutions (2003)

The accuracy of drug delivery by drop-counting infusion pumps depends among other considerations, on the assumption that drop volume is constant. This assumption may hold true in most cases, except for surface active agents. Lowering the surface tension causes drop size reduction and a decrease in actual drug flow when delivered by drop-counting infusion pumps. To determine the number of drops per milliliter of intravenous solutions, a system comprising an infusion set connected to the bottom of a vertically mounted 5-ml graduated pipette has been developed. A device containing a light source and a photoelectric cell was interfaced to an Atari 104ST microcomputer by means of an analog-to-digital converter and then attached to the filter of the infusion set. An assembler routine detected the falling drops and a main BASIC program calculated the cumulative number of drops and the instantaneous drop rate. Preliminary experience showed that this surface tension lowering effect may account for decreases of up to about 25% in drug delivery when drop-counting infusion pumps are used and thus may have practical clinical consequences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Search forn−n¯oscillation in Super-Kamiokande (2015)

A search for neutron-antineutron ($n\ensuremath{-}\overline{n}$) oscillation was undertaken in Super-Kamiokande using the 1489 live-day or $2.45\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{34}$ neutron-year exposure data. This process violates both baryon and baryon minus lepton numbers by an absolute value of two units and is predicted by a large class of hypothetical models where the seesaw mechanism is incorporated to explain the observed tiny neutrino masses and the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. No evidence for $n\ensuremath{-}\overline{n}$ oscillation was found; the lower limit of the lifetime for neutrons bound in $^{16}\mathrm{O}$, in an analysis that included all of the significant sources of experimental uncertainties, was determined to be $1.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{32}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{years}$ at the 90% confidence level. The corresponding lower limit for the oscillation time of free neutrons was calculated to be $2.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}$ using a theoretical value of the nuclear suppression factor of $0.517\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{23}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and its uncertainty.
Microenvironmental stromal cells abrogate NF-κB inhibitor-induced apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2017)

Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Several NF-κB inhibitors were shown to successfully induce apoptosis of CLL cells <i>in vitro</i> Since the microenvironment is known to be crucial for the survival of CLL cells, herein, we tested whether NF-κB inhibition may still induce apoptosis in these leukemic cells in the presence of protective stromal interaction. We used the specific NF-κB inhibitor dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ). Microenvironmental support was mimicked by co-culturing CLL cells with bone marrow-derived stromal cell lines (HS-5 and M2-10B4). NF-κB inhibition by DHMEQ in CLL cells could be confirmed in both the monoculture and co-culture setting. In line with previous reports, NF-κB inhibition induced apoptosis in the monoculture setting by activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway resulting in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-cleavage; however, it was unable to induce apoptosis in leukemic cells co-cultured with stromal cells. Similarly, small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-mediated <i>RELA</i> downregulation induced apoptosis of CLL cells cultured alone, but not in the presence of supportive stromal cells. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) was identified as a microenvironmental messenger potentially protecting the leukemic cells from NF-κB inhibition-induced apoptosis. Finally, we show improved sensitivity of stroma-supported CLL cells to NF-κB inhibition when combining the NF-κB inhibitor with the SYK inhibitor R406 or the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib, agents known to inhibit the stroma-leukemia crosstalk. We conclude that NF-κB inhibitors are not promising as monotherapies in CLL, but may represent attractive therapeutic partners for ibrutinib and R406.
Kratom Alkaloids: A Blueprint? (2023)

Alkaloids from the botanical <i>Mitragyna speciosa</i> (commonly referred to as "kratom") interact with opioid, adrenergic, serotonergic, and other receptors to provide myriad reported effects, including analgesia, energy, improved mood, and relaxation, among others. These alkaloids are complex and unique and may serve as a blueprint for the development of novel molecules to treat various substance use disorders.
Quantitative assessment of emphysema using hyperpolarized 3He magnetic resonance imaging (2005)

In this experiment, Sprague-Dawley rats with elastase-induced emphysema were imaged using hyperpolarized (3)He MRI. Regional fractional ventilation r, the fraction of gas replaced with a single tidal breath, was calculated from a series of images in a wash-in study of hyperpolarized gas. We compared the regional fractional ventilation in these emphysematous rats to the regional fractional ventilations we calculated from a previous baseline study in healthy Sprague-Dawley rats. We found that there were differences in the maps of fractional ventilation and its associated frequency distribution between the healthy and emphysematous rat lungs. Fractional ventilation tended to be much lower in emphysematous rats than in normal rats. With this information, we can use data on fractional ventilation to regionally distinguish between healthy and emphysematous portions of the lung. The successful implementation of such a technique on a rat model could lead to work toward the future implementation of this technique in human patients.
Adaptive averaging methodology for handoffs in cellular systems (1995)

The purpose of this paper is to show how information in signal strength measurements can be exploited to improve the quality of handoff decisions, for both large and small cells. Av eraging of signal strength fluctuations is required. This leads to the following tradeoff problem for the averaging interval for the signal strength measurements. If the interval is too short, the fading fluctuations are not sufficiently smoothed out. If the interval is too long, delay in handoff increases. With this tradeoff in mind, we present a method to adaptively change the averaging interval. The method is based on estimating the maximum Doppler frequency, ⨍ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> , as a means to obtain mobile velocity, the key to the tradeoff. A method used for estimating ⨍ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> from the squared deviations of the signal envelope is outlined. Exact analysis for the ⨍ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> estimate as a function of squared deb iations of the logarithmically compressed signal envelope in Rayleigh fading is presented. An extension of the algorithm for robustness in a Rician fading environment is given. Sensitivity issues of the estimates are considered. An adaptive scheme for optimal averaging is outlined.
Selection of carbohydrate antigens in human epithelial ovarian cancers as targets for immunotherapy: Serous and mucinous tumors exhibit distinctive patterns of expression (1999)

Expression of blood group–related carbohydrate antigens was examined in frozen sections from a series of ovarian carcinomas of different histological types using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Antigenic specificities belonging to the O(H) and Lewis blood group families (H-1, H-2, Lea, sLea, Lex, sLex, Leb and Ley) or the mucin-core family (Tn, sTn and TF) were studied. A distinct difference in antigen expression between mucinous and other ovarian carcinomas (serous and endometrioid) was observed. Specifically, mucinous tumors tended to express sTn, Lea and sLea strongly and homogeneously, whereas serous and endometrioid tumors rarely expressed these specificities and, in contrast, expressed Ley and H type 2 antigen strongly. When expressed in serous tumors, sTn was usually distributed in a heterogeneous pattern, whereas sTn expression in mucinous tumors was much more homogeneous. The distribution of Ley in serous tumors was noticeably homogeneous. H-1, Lex, sLex,, Leb , TF and Tn specificities were rarely expressed in any type of ovarian carcinoma. Our results provide further support for the different histogenesis of mucinous and non-mucinous tumors and indicate alternative differentiation pathways for the 3 pathological subtypes of ovarian tumor. They also provide the basis for the choice of carbohydrate antigens for active and passive immunotherapy of ovarian carcinomas. Int. J. Cancer 81:193–198, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Design, Interpretation, and Assessment of Short-Term Pressure-Transient Tests (2004)

Abstract In order to meet most test objectives, conventional transient well testing usually requires long flow and shut-in periods. However, the current industry drivers demand short, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly test procedures, especially in exploration wells. This is particularly true in deepwater and arctic environments where conventional tests may be prohibitively expensive or logistically not feasible. While various short-term tests, test procedures, and interpretation methods are available for conducting successful short-term tests, clarity is lacking for specific applications of these methods. Some of these tests include surge testing, closed-chamber testing, slug testing, underbalanced perforating and testing, and back-surge perforation cleaning. This paper provides comprehensive evaluation of general closed-chamber tests, including general surge tests, and their comparison with special tests such as, FasTest,™ Impulse™ test, and slug tests. For each of these techniques, the review will examine: Test design, testing procedureTheoretical background of each of these techniquesMethod of data analysis including comparison based on both theoretical and practical considerations to determine the expected reliability, accuracy, and ease of analysis. A large portion of the paper will be devoted to field examples. Several actual case studies are analyzed using the various techniques, and results are tabulated and presented. The analyses of several of these examples will be presented in significantly more detail to compare techniques available to analyze the well-testing data obtained from surge testing, closed-chamber DST, slug testing of oil wells, underbalanced perforating and testing, and back-surge perforation cleaning.
5,5′-Bis-(alkylpyridinyl)-2,2′-bithiophenes: synthesis, liquid crystalline behaviour and charge transport (2013)

Liquid crystalline materials with 5,5′-bis-(alkylpyridinyl)-2,2′-bithiophene structures with different positions of the nitrogen atoms in the aromatic core were synthesized, characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and, in some cases, by synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis and single crystal X-ray analysis. The molecular planarity and liquid crystalline (LC) behaviour of these materials are strongly influenced by the location of the nitrogens in the aromatic core, and LC behaviour is more complex than the mesomorphic behaviour of the known structurally related 5,5′-bis-(alkylphenyl)-2,2′-bithiophene LCs. Single crystal X-ray structural analysis of 5,5′-bis-(5-alkylpyridin-2-yl)-2,2′-bithiophenes 2 reveals that the aromatic core is nearly planar with s-cis conformation of the thiophene and pyridine rings and s-trans conformation of the thiophene rings of the central 2,2′-bithiophene unit. The length of the alkyl chains has a pronounced effect on the molecular planarity and the packing motifs. A preliminary study of the charge-transporting properties of 5,5′-bis-(5-alkylpyridin-2-yl)-2,2′-bithiophenes 2d and 2e with n-nonyl and n-decyl alkyl chains, respectively, by the time-of-flight technique shows that the hole mobility is temperature independent, electric field dependent and with a magnitude of ∼1.5 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the unidentified S2/Cr2 phase.
A toxigenic profile of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria isolated from fish (1981)

Forty strains of motile Aeromonas were isolated from healthy and diseased fish. These strains were identified as A. hydrophila or a A. sobria. It was found that only strains of A. hydrophila produced a dermonecrotic factor and two zones of hemolysis on blood agar. All the strains of A. sobria tested and 72% of the A. hydrophila were enterotoxigenic. Finally, we observed that only A. hydrophila strains could regularly produce hemolysin at 10 degrees C.
A new statistical electromigration analysis methodology that incorporates across-chip temperature variation (2011)

In this paper, we present a new approach which uses statistical methods to analyze the Electromigration (EM) reliability on a chip. This new approach utilizes statistical nature of EM failure distribution to assess overall EM risk of a product. Furthermore, we have incorporated within-die temperature variation into the proposed EM analysis to better estimate the EM risk of a product.
Eucalyptustranscriptome analysis revealed molecular chaperones highly expressed in xylem (2011)

Background Plant development is very plastic, being coupled to environmental cues. As sessile organisms, plants must be able to respond rapidly to environmental stresses such as changes in temperature and salinity, heavy metals and water deficit. Efficient stress response systems are prerequisites for plant survival and productivity [1]. Molecular chaperones (or Heat Shock Proteins – HSP) compose a ubiquitous class of proteins involved in cellular protein quality control (PQC) and homeostasis. They play a critical role in folding and degradation of polypeptides, and therefore, in maintenance and modulation of cellular pathways, which are dependent of function (correct folding) and availability (stability and degradation) of involved proteins, under normal and stress conditions [2]. Genetics and proteomics studies of wood formation have highlighted some chaperones up-regulated in xylem of Eucalyptus, Pinus and Populus species, stating that they may play an important role in cell wall formation and xylem development [3,4]. Different species of Eucalyptus are known for their superior performance in growth, wood quality and resistance to different types of stress [5]. Such characteristics are probably driven by distinct gene expression coordination in xylogenesis. Eucalyptus grandis is one of the most planted species in the world due to its rapid growth, wide adaptability and wood quality. Eucalyptus globulus wood has higher S/G ratio which provides high yields in cellulose extraction [6]. Lignin extraction consumes large quantities of chemicals and energy, and many efforts have been made to improve this process by modifying lignin content or composition in trees, in order to reduce lignin content or make it easier to extract. Results have been achieved by supplementation and genetic modification [7,8]. This study aims to identify chaperones possibly involved in wood formation and quality of wood for pulp and paper industries.
Copper(i) catalyzed Sonogashira reactions promoted by monobenzyl nicotinium chloride, a N-donor quaternary ammonium salt (2015)

The new catalytic complex [MBNT][Cu<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>5</sub>] having a synergistic effect of coordination and electrostatic interactions was found to be efficient in palladium-free copper-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling.
Identification of Amides as Carboxylic Acid Surrogates for Quinolizidinone-Based M1 Positive Allosteric Modulators (2012)

Selective activation of the M1 muscarinic receptor via positive allosteric modulation represents an approach to treat the cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A series of amides were examined as a replacement for the carboxylic acid moiety in a class of quinolizidinone carboxylic acid M1 muscarinic receptor positive allosteric modulators, and leading pyran 4o and cyclohexane 5c were found to possess good potency and in vivo efficacy.
The Use of Gadolinium-based Nanoparticles to Improve Radiation Therapy Efficacy in HNSCC (2015)

International audience
Influence of furfural concentration to growth of Saccharomyces kluyveri (2006)

A microorganism strain Saccharomyces kluyveri was selected and cultured in several different furfural content medium under condition of low glucose concentration to find out the repressing scope of furfural concentration.Results show that:it stimulated microorganism growth while furfural concentration at 0.25 mg/mL,and the dry cell weight decreased with rising of the furfural concentration in the medium.It has restrained cell growth obviously when furfural concentration above(1 mg/mL).Meanwhile,the strain grow better under 50 mg/mL original sugar concentration condition than that under 30 mg/mL original sugar concentration,and also has raised glucose consumption ability of the strain.
Optical tweezers as a tool for microrheology of simplex and complex fluids (2004)

Optical tweezers have become a widely used tool for manipulate microscopic objects. Combined with fast and high sensitive position detection techniques, they are suitable for microrheological measurements of viscous and viscoelastic media. Such measurements require the knowledge of absolute displacements of the trapped particles. Unfortunately position detection device need to be calibrated and several methods have been used and reported in literature. We report an accurate study of the behavior of the conversion factor in the case of the forward light scattering technique, based on an oil-immersion objective lens, which is commonly used in optical tweezers systems. We show how this fundamental parameter is strongly dependent on the distance of the trapped object from the coverslip surface.
<title>Corticonics: the way to designing machines with brainlike intelligence</title> (2000)

Present day neural net and connectionist models of the cortex have not been effective in duplicating higher-level brain function and specially the ability of the cortex/brain to process dynamic input patterns. Using mathematics quite- different from that used in the transfer-function and stimulus-response approach to collective nonlinear processing used in conventional networks, we describe here progress with a novel approach to modeling the cortex that combines concepts and tools from nonlinear dynamics and information theory that offers a radically new way to process, classify/learn and recognize spatio-temporal signals.
Finite-element analysis of the miniband structures of semiconductor superlattices with arbitrary periodic potential profiles (1991)

The method is based on the Galerkin procedure, and the third-order Hermitian line elements are used for finite elements. The periodic boundary condition is applied to the edges of one period of the periodic potential. A generalized boundary condition at the heterointerface is also introduced by use of the interface matrix. The validity of the method is confirmed by calculating the miniband structures and the envelope functions in rectangular superlattices made of GaAs-AlGaAs and GaSb-InAs. Numerical results for a biperiodic structure, a superlattice with graded interfaces, and a modulation-doped superlattice are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Thermochemical hydrogen production. Volume 3: Appendix B. Discussion of experimental and design work. Final report Jan 72-Dec 80 (1981)

During the course of this 9-year program, over 200 distinct thermochemical cycles were considered including about 30 proposed by other organizations. About 125 cycles (from the total group considered) were deemed feasible based on thermodynamic studies. Of these, either key steps or all reaction steps for 80 of the most promising cycles were tested in the laboratory. All of the steps of 15 cycles were found to be operable, batch-wise, with reagent-grade materials; and of these, eight cycles were operated successfully with recycled materials to achieve experimental proof of concept. The status of cycle development in this program and at the end of 1980 is that three of the most promising laboratory-demonstrated hybrid cycles stood at benchmark status with a conceptual (first-cut) flow sheet. For each of the three promising cycles: hydrogen is produced electrolytically, there are no acid concentration or decomposition steps, and the high-temperature endothermic steps operate by metal oxides and metal sulfate decomposition.
A new strategy to fight antimicrobial resistance: the revival of old antibiotics (2014)

The increasing prevalence of hospital and community-acquired infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens is limiting the options for effective antibiotic therapy. Moreover, this alarming spread of antimicrobial resistance has not been paralleled by the development of novel antimicrobials. Resistance to the scarce new antibiotics is also emerging. In this context, the rational use of older antibiotics could represent an alternative to the treatment of MDR bacterial pathogens. It would help to optimize the armamentarium of antibiotics in the way to preserve new antibiotics and avoid the prescription of molecules known to favor the spread of resistance (i.e., quinolones). Furthermore, in a global economical perspective, this could represent a useful public health orientation knowing that several of these cheapest "forgotten" antibiotics are not available in many countries. We will review here the successful treatment of MDR bacterial infections with the use of old antibiotics and discuss their place in current practice.