gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hematite‐Based Photoelectrode Materials for Photoelectrocatalytic Inhibition of Alzheimer's β‐Amyloid Self‐Assembly (2017)

A visible light-active, hematite-based photoelectrode platform for suppressing β-amyloid (Aβ) self-assembly in vitro is reported. Upon illumination of a light-emitting diode with an anodic bias, the hematite photoanode generates reactive radical species, such as superoxide ions and hydroxyl radicals, via photoelectrocatalytic process. According to our analyses, the hematite photoanode exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on Aβ aggregation under visible light illumination and anodic bias. We found that hole-derived radicals played a significant role of oxidizing Aβ peptides, which effectively blocked further aggregation. The efficacy of photoelectrocatalytic inhibition on Aβ aggregation was enhanced by introducing cobalt phosphate (Co-Pi) as a co-catalyst on the hematite photoanode, which facilitated the separation of electron-hole pairs. We verified that both bare and Co-Pi@hematite photoanodes are biocompatible and effective in reducing Aβ aggregation-induced cytotoxicity.
Carotid Artery Stiffness Decreases with Habitual Physical Activity in a Healthy Adult Population (2005)

Habitual physical activity is believed to retard the atherosclerotic process by reducing established cardiovascular risk factors and by slowing aging of the arterial wall. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of habitual physical activity on carotid artery structure and function in a healthy adult Caucasian population. Our study cohort (from the RISC [Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular disease] Study) included 752 subjects, aged between 30-60 years (mean±SD=43±8), free of cardiovascular disease. All subjects were normotensive, their plasma lipid profile and fasting glucose levels were within normal limits, and their oral glucose tolerance test was normal. An ultrasound examination of the left common carotid artery (CCA) and an ACTIGRAPH recording of physical activity were performed according to standard protocols in 18 European centers. Carotid ultrasound images of left CCA were digitized and intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by a single operator at the near and far wall, and the mean IMT CCA was calculated. In a subgroup of 531 subjects, systo-diastolic differences in left CCA diameter were measured on B-mode ultrasound images, 2 mm before the carotid bulb, in 5 consecutive cardiac cycles. Pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep) was calculated as an index of carotid stiffness. ACTIGRAPH was worn for on average 5.5 days . In univariate analysis, both CCA IMT and Ep were directly related to age, waist circumference, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and plasma LDL cholesterol, glucose and insulin concentrations (with r’s=+0.16-0.41, p<0.001-0.0001), while they were lower in women and negatively related to ACTIGRAPH parameters (average number of counts per day worn or per minute worn) (with r’s=-0.11-0.25, p<0.01-0.0001). In multivariate analysis, age, waist circumference, LDL cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were independent predictors of CCA IMT, whereas sex, age, waist circumference, and physical activity parameters were independent predictors of Ep. Conclusion: In an adult, healthy population, levels of habitual physical activity is independently associated with improved CCA compliance rather than CCA wall thickness.
Regulation of Skeletal Remodeling by the Endocannabinoid System (2007)

Since the discovery of the endocannabinoid system, its presence and involvement have been reported in a handful of biological systems. Recently, the skeleton has been identified as a major endocannabinoid target through both the neuronal CB1 and predominantly peripheral CB2 cannabinoid receptors. CB1 is present in sympathetic nerve terminals in bone, whereas CB2 is expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the respective bone-forming and -resorbing cells. Furthermore, the skeleton appears as the main system physiologically regulated by CB2. CB2-deficient mice show a markedly accelerated age-related bone loss and the CB2 locus in women is associated with low bone density and osteoporotic fractures. Since activation of CB2 attenuates experimentally induced bone loss by inhibiting bone resorption and stimulating bone formation, and because synthetic cannabinoids are stable and orally available, a therapy based on synthetic CB2 agonists is a promising novel target for antiosteoporotic drug development.
Bit plane quantization for scalable video coding (2002)

A novel concept for SNR scalability with motion compensation in the enhancement layer is introduced. The quantization of the prediction error at different quantization step sizes is performed in the same loop. This allows the application of bit plane coding if the configuration of the quantizers is appropriately chosen. Since a layered prediction is employed at the encoder a drift can occur at a base layer decoder. The concept is, therefore, extended by a drift limitation operation. In this context, two approaches are investigated. One is based on a modification of the prediction error. In the second approach the drift is controlled by dynamic clipping of the enhancement prediction. The proposed SNR scalability concept is applied to the lowpass band of a wavelet-based video coding scheme. The performance is compared with a conventional approach to SNR scalability with two and three quantization layers, respectively.
Perpendicular catheter orientation during papillary muscle ablation results in larger, deeper lesions (2022)

For PM ablation, catheter orientation perpendicular to the PM tissue achieves more effective and larger ablation lesions, with greater lesion depth. This may have implications for the chosen ventricular access approach, the type of catheter used, consideration for remote navigation, and steerable sheaths.
Using Versions in Update Transactions: Application to Integrity Checking (1997)

This paper proposes an extension of the multiversion two phase locking protocol, called EMV2PL, which enables update transactions to use versions while guaranteeing the serializability of all transactions. The use of the protocol is restricted to transactions, called write-then-read transactions that consist of two consecutive parts: a write part containing both read and write operations in some arbitrary order, and an abusively called read part, containing read operations or write operations on data items already locked in the write part of the transaction. With EMV2PL, read operations in the read part use versions and read locks acquired in the write part can be released just before entering the read part. We prove the correctness of our protocol, and show that its implementation requires very few changes to classical implementations of MV2PL. After presenting various methods used by application developers to implement integrity checking, we show how EMV2PL can be effectively used t...
Impact of UGT2B17 gene deletion on the steroid profile of an athlete (2015)

The measurement of the testosterone to epitestosterone ratio (T/E ratio) in urine is often used as a marker for testosterone administration in the doping control field. This study examines the frequencies of the different expression forms of the UGT2B17 gene, and assesses their effects on this marker in volunteer subjects. The sample for this descriptive study was composed of male and female athletes aged between 16 and 55 years old who practiced different sports disciplines. All participants underwent a sports-medical physical examination, and subsequently provided 10 urine samples consecutively over a period of 48 h. The dependent variable examined was T/E and the main independent variable was the UGT2B17 gene polymorphism. During 1 year, 1410 urine samples were obtained from 141 athletes. The frequencies of the three genotypes were as follows: wt homozygotes (ins/ins) 48.2% (n = 68), mutant homozygotes (del/del) 12.1% (n = 17), and heterozygotes (ins/del) 39.7% (n = 56). Genotype distributions varied significantly (P < 0.001) according to ethnicity, 80% of Asian subjects being homozygous for the gene deletion (del/del) compared to 6.9% of Caucasian subjects. A multivariate analysis adjusted for genotype, age, sex, and sports discipline revealed that athletes with the del/del polymorphism showed a significantly lower mean T/E than heterozygotes (ins/del). In contrast, homozygous athletes for the gene insertion (ins/ins) showed higher mean T/E ratios than heterozygotes (ins/del). UGT2B17 gene deletion has a strong influence on the T/E ratio in urine, which is the most efficient indicator of testosterone prohormone misuse. Others factors studied seem not to have such an impact. The genotyping of UGT2B17 is an important source of information for understanding steroid profiling in the doping control field; therefore it is suggested that it be included in the Athletes Biological Passport.
Circuit Analysis: Theory and Practice (1995)

PART I Foundation Dc Concepts 1 Introduction 2 Voltage And Current 3 Resistance 4 Ohms Law, Power, And Energy PART II Basic Dc Analysis 5 Series Circuits 6 Parallel Circuits 7 Series-Parallel Circuits 8 Methods Of Analysis 9 Network Theorems PART III Capacitors And Inductance 10 Capacitors And Capacitance 11 Capacitor Charging, Discharging And Simple Waveshaping Circuits 12 Magnetism And Magnetic Circuits 13 Inductance And Inductors 14 Inductive Transients PART IV Foundation Ac Concepts 15 Ac Fundamentals 16 R, L, And C Elements And The Impedance Concept 17 Power In Ac Circuits PART V Impedance Networks 18 Ac Series-Parallel Circuits 19 Methods Of Ac Analysis 20 Ac Network Theorems 21 Resonance 22 Filters And The Bode Plot 23 Three-Phase Systems 24 Transformers And Coupled Circuits 25 Nonsinusoidal Waveforms Appendix A Pspice And Multisim Appendix B Mathematics In Circuit Analysis: A Brief Tutorial Appendix C Maximum Power Transfer Theorem Derivation Appendix D Answers To Odd Numbered Problems Glossary Index
The effect of hearing loss on source-distance dependent speech intelligibility in rooms (2017)

Westermann and Buchholz [(2015). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 137(2), 757-767] found substantial improvements in speech reception thresholds (SRTs) for normal hearing listeners in a reverberant auditorium when the target talker was separated in distance from a two-talker masker. This study applied similar methodology, but tested listeners with a hearing impairment. On average, the participants received a 7 dB benefit in SRTs when the target was fixed at 0.5 m and the masker was moved from 0.5 to 10 m. But when the target was moved away, the SRTs increased by 5 dB. This indicates that hearing impaired listeners have difficulties suppressing nearby maskers while focusing attention on a far target.
Computation of dendritic microstructures using a level set method (2000)

We compute time-dependent solutions of the sharp-interface model of dendritic solidification in two dimensions by using a level set method. The steady-state results are in agreement with solvability theory. Solutions obtained from the level set algorithm are compared with dendritic growth simulations performed using a phase-field model and the two methods are found to give equivalent results. Furthermore, we perform simulations with unequal diffusivities in the solid and liquid phases and find reasonable agreement with the available theory.
ATP-Citrate Lyase: A Key Player in Cancer Metabolism (2012)

ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the generation of acetyl CoA from citrate. Acetyl CoA is a vital building block for the endogenous biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol and is involved in isoprenoid-based protein modifications. Acetyl CoA is also required for acetylation reactions that modify proteins, such as histone acetylation. ACLY is upregulated or activated in several types of cancers, and its inhibition is known to induce proliferation arrest in cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. The present review highlights current knowledge about the role of ACLY in cancer cells, with special reference to the different pathways that are linked by ACLY.
Time Charts for Poor Spellers (1967)

A study is described which employed a time chart for motivating spelling students to spend more time studying at home.
The Association of Deoxyribonucleic Acid with Liver Microsomes (1969)

Abstract Rats and mice were given 3H-thymidine, and 18 to 24 hours later nuclei, mitochondria, and microsomes were isolated from the livers by differential centrifugation. The nucleic acids were extracted from the fractions by means of the phenol-sodium dodecyl sulfate procedure. DNA in amounts of 1% or less of the total tissue content was obtained from both the mitochondria and the microsomes. The specific radioactivity of the DNA samples followed the order mitochondrial g microsomal g nuclear. The radioactivity of the mitochondria- and microsome-associated DNA had half-lives of 8 to 9 days in vivo. The microsome-associated DNA was recovered mainly in the membranous portions of the microsomes, was removed by deoxyribonuclease, and closely resembled nuclear DNA in melting behavior, banding in CsCl, sedimentation rate, appearance under the electron microscope, and hybridization with cytoplasmic RNA. The possibility was examined that microsome-associated DNA represented a mixture of contaminating nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Assays for succinic dehydrogenase, a mitochondrial marker enzyme, indicated a contamination of microsomes by mitochondria of ≤2%, a value insufficient to account for the results on this basis. In other experiments, the loss of DNA from nuclei and its adsorption by microsome were described; the specific radioactivity of the nuclear DNA released, however, was considerably lower than the radioactivity of the microsome-associated DNA, so nuclear leakage of DNA also did not appear to explain the results with microsomes. Microsomes were shown to have RNA polymerase activity but no evidence could be obtained for the involvement of microsome-associated DNA in this activity. The data obtained lead to the conclusion that although DNA has been found to be associated with microsomes and may be an integral component of the latter, alternate explanations based upon contamination by nuclear or mitochondrial DNA, or both, could also account for the recovery of DNA in the microsomal fraction. Since the data do not decide between these possibilities, further experiments will be required to decide if the DNA associated with microsomes is a true microsomal DNA.
Retroviral Vector-Mediated Expression in Primary Human T Cells of an Endoplasmic Reticulum-Retained CD4 Chimera Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Replication (1998)

Intracellular expression of genes that inhibit key steps in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) replicative cycle could offer an alternative therapy for AIDS treatment. One of these approaches involves the inhibition of env protein maturation through the expression of CD4 molecules with added exogenous sequences that promote their retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We have tested this strategy using a CD4 chimera (CD4epsilon10) containing an ER retention sequence derived from the TCR CD3-epsilon chain. Transfection of CD4epsilon10 in the human T cell line Jurkat made it resistant to infection with two different HIV-1 isolates, which was evaluated by measuring p24 antigen production, induction of apoptosis, and syncytia formation. Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of genomic DNA showed no traces of the proviral HIV-1 genome in CD4epsilon10-transfected cells, suggesting it was not maintained latently in these cells. To facilitate the delivery of the CD4epsilon10 chimera to primary cells from AIDS patients, a Moloney-based retroviral vector was constructed that expresses CD4epsilon10 under the transcriptional control of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter. Transduction of the MT-2 human T cell line with this vector rendered it resistant to infection with HIV-1 by a process that involved the inhibition of gp160 proteolytic processing. Finally, transduction of the CD4epsilon10 chimera into T lymphoblasts derived from asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals demonstrated a protective effect, resulting in both an increased cellular proliferation rate and an increased percentage of CD4+ cells. These results suggest that it is feasible to use retroviral transduction of CD4epsilon10 as a gene therapy approach for AIDS treatment.
An Imperfect Microbeam Electrically Actuated: Experimental Investigation and Parameter Identification (2012)

In this study we present a theoretical and experimental investigation of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS). The device is constituted of a clamped-clamped polysilicon microbeam electrostatically and electrodynamically actuated. The microbeam has imperfections in the geometry, which are related to the microfabrication process. Using a laser Doppler vibrometer, experimental testing based on forward and backward sweeps is conducted in a neighborhood of the first symmetric natural frequency. Our aim is that of introducing a simple mechanical model, which, despite the inevitable approximations, is able to catch and predict the most relevant aspects of the device response. Many parameters of the microbeam are unknown. Their values are identified by developing a parametric analysis, which is based on matching the experimental natural frequencies and the experimental frequency response diagrams. Extensive simulations are performed. Theoretical and experimental frequency responses are analyzed in detail at increasing values of electrodynamic excitation. A satisfactory concurrence of results is achieved, not only at low electrodynamic loads, but also at higher ones, when the escape (dynamic pull-in) becomes impending. This confirms that, despite the apparent simplicity, the proposed theoretical model is able to simulate the complex dynamics of the device accurately and properly.
Neuronal and Glial Glutamate Transporters Possess an SH‐based Redox Regulatory Mechanism (1997)

Glutamate uptake into nerve cells and astrocytes via high-affinity transporters controls the extracellular glutamate concentration in the brain, with major implications for physiological excitatory neurotransmission and the prevention of excitotoxicity. We report here that three recently cloned rat glutamate transporter subtypes, viz. EAAC1 (neuronal), GLT1 and GLAST (glial), possess a redox-sensing property, undergoing opposite functional changes in response to oxidation or reduction of reactive sulphydryls present in their structure. In particular, thiol oxidation with 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic) acid (DTNB) and disulphide reduction with dithiothreitol (DTT) result, respectively, in reduced and increased uptake capacity by a preparation of partially purified brain transporters as well as by the three recombinant proteins reconstituted into liposomes. In this model system, EAAC1, GLT1 and GLAST react similarly to DTT/DTNB exposures despite their different contents of cysteines, suggesting that only the conserved residues might be involved in redox modulation. Redox sensitivity is a property of the glutamate transporters also when present in their native cell environment. Thus, by using cultured cortical astrocytes and the whole-cell patch-clamp technique we were able to observe dynamic increase and decrease of the glutamate uptake current in response to application of DTT and DTNB in sequence. Moreover, in the same paradigm, DDT-reversible current inhibition was observed with hydrogen peroxide instead of DTNB, indicating that the SH-based redox modulatory site is targeted by endogenous oxidants and might constitute an important physiological or pathophysiological regulatory mechanism of glutamate uptake in vivo.
Hemostatic Agents in Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery: A Review of the Literature and Critical Evaluation of a Novel Carrier-Bound Fibrin Sealant (TachoSil) (2012)

Background. Despite progress in surgical techniques applied during hepatobiliary and pancreas (HPB) surgery, bleeding and bile leak remain significant contributors to postoperative mortality and morbidity. Topical hemostatics have been developed and utilized across surgical specialties, but data regarding effectiveness remains inconsistent and sparse in HPB surgery. Methods. A comprehensive search for studies and reviews on hemostatics in HPB surgery was performed via an October 2011 query of Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. In-depth evaluation of a novel carrier-bound fibrin sealant (TachoSil) was also performed. Results. The literature review illustrates multiple attempts have been made at developing different topical hemostatics and sealants to aid in surgical procedures. In HPB surgery, efforts have been directed at decreasing bleeding, biliary leakage, and pancreatic fistula. Conflicting scientific evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of these agents. Critical evaluation of the literature demonstrates TachoSil is a valuable tool in achieving hemostasis, and possibly biliostasis and pancreatic fistula prevention. Conclusion. While progress has been made in topical hemostatics for HPB surgery, an ideal agent has not yet been identified. TachoSil is promising, but larger randomized, controlled clinical trials are required to more fully evaluate its efficacy in reducing bleeding, biliary leakage, and pancreatic fistulas in HPB surgery.
Einstufige Synthese von Vinylsilanen und Vinylenbissilanen (1978)

Einen bequemen Zugang zu Vinylsilanen (Silylethenen) (1) eröffnet die unten skizzierte homogenkatalysierte Reaktion. Mit trans-1,2-Dichlorethen entstehen Vinylenbissilane. Diese Organosiliciumverbindungen und (1) interessieren als Reagentien der organischen Chemie und der Polymerchemie.
Application of machine learning approaches on quantitative structure activity relationships (2009)

Machine Learning techniques are successfully applied to establish quantitative relations between chemical structure and biological activity (QSAR), i.e. classify compounds as active or inactive with respect to a specific target biological system. This paper presents a comparison of artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), and decision trees (DT) in an effort to identify potentiators of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), compounds that have potential as novel treatments against schizophrenia. When training and testing each of the three techniques on the same dataset enrichments of 61, 64, and 43 were obtained and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77, 0.78, and 0.63 was determined for ANNs, SVMs, and DTs, respectively. For the top percentile of predicted active compounds, the true positives for all three methods were highly similar, while the inactives were diverse offering the potential use of jury approaches to improve prediction accuracy.
Modeling and Forecasting Secondary User Activity Considering Bulk Arrival and Bulk Departure Traffic Model (2009)

-In this paper, we consider an Erlangian process model for secondary user (SU) traffic in a cognitive radio network (CRN). Unlike prior efforts that focused on Poisson traffic models, the model captures bulk arrival and departure scenarios in a frequency band that is open for opportunistic use by multiple secondary users. Specifically, we develop a Kalman filter based estimation and forecasting strategy for the number of secondary users. Using simulated data, we demonstrate that the proposed approach provides a robust upper bound prediction on the number of secondary users.
Clinical trial: the efficacy, impact on quality of life, and safety and tolerability of prucalopride in severe chronic constipation – a 12‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study (2008)

Over 12 weeks, prucalopride was effective and well tolerated in chronic constipation.