gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Musical Sound (2004)

This chapter considers some of the tools available for analyzing musical sound from acoustical and psychoacoustical perspectives. Spectrograms are shown of various different kinds of musical sound, to demonstrate the features and limitations of this type of representation. Different ways of representing the basic attributes of sound are illustrated and discussed, the advantages of temporal and spectral representations (involving Fourier analysis) considered, and examples of analytical applications of these ideas in music are provided. The second half of the chapter discusses the perceptual analysis of musical sounds, based on widely accepted psychoacoustical principles such as auditory stream segregation. The chapter concludes with two examples of ways in which perceptual principles have been used to tackle questions of music analysis and music theory.
Adolescent stress alters synaptic plasticity: Is PKMzeta the mediator? (2010)

PKMζ has a fundamental role in the retention of long‐term memories and synaptic plasticity. We examined the behavioral consequences of stress and the concomitant changes in PKMζ protein expression. Our results show that adolescent (38 day‐old) male rats given an acute stress significantly elevated corticosterone in blood sera, increased PKMζ protein expression within the hippocampus, and produced a translocation of the GluR2 subunit to the synaptic membrane. Immediately following an acute stress condition (45 min of elevated platform stress) PKMζ protein increased within the synaptic and cytosolic fractions. The GluR2 receptor subunit increased significantly in the synaptic fraction (p&gt;.05). In contrast, seven days following acute stress PKMζ levels continued to be significantly elevated in the cytosolic fraction but not in the synaptic fraction compared to age matched, unstressed controls. Hippocampal slices made from rats immediately after acute stress show depressed levels of synaptic potentiation (long‐term potentiation; LTP) in area CA1 of the hippocampus, but increased levels of depression (long‐term depression; LTD) as compared to unstressed controls. These results showing an increase in PKMζ and the GluR2 subunit in the synaptic region are consistent with PKMζ induced trafficking of this receptor during synaptic plasticity and LTP.
Silane-modified polyester blends and methods of preparation (2023)

A silane-modified polyester blend comprising a polyester polymer homogeneously blended with silane molecules containing two or three alkoxy groups bound to the silicon atom, wherein said silane molecules are present in said polyester blend in an amount of 0.05-20 wt % (or, e.g., 0.05-10 wt %, 0.05-5 wt %, or 0.05-2 wt %). The polyester polymer may, in particular embodiments, be a polyhydroxyalkanoate, terephthalate-based polyester, adipate-based, or succinate-based polyester. The silane molecule may be according to the formula (R2O)2SiR3R4, wherein R2 groups are independently selected from alkyl groups containing 1-4 carbon atoms; and R3 and R4 are independently selected from OR2 groups and alkyl groups containing 1-12 carbon atoms, provided that at least one of R3 and R4 is an alkyl group, wherein the alkyl group optionally includes one or more heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, halogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and silicon. Methods for producing the silane-modified polyester blend are also described.
Effects of CNS Site-directed Carotid Arterial Infusions of Bupivacaine, Levobupivacaine, and Ropivacaine in Sheep (2002)

Although CNS site-selective drug delivery produced quantitative differences between bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine in some CNS effects and cardiac sequelae, no differences were found in their arrhythmogenic potential.
Resolution of Parallel and Antiparallel Oligonucleotide Triple Helices Formation and Melting Processes by Multivariate Curve Resolution (2003)

A procedure is described for the complete resolution of concentration profiles of oligonucleotide triplexes as a function of pH and temperature. The pH and temperature ranges at which triplexes are present and the relative concentrations of all the species involved in acid-base and conformational equilibria are successfully estimated from Multivariate Curve Resolution analysis of UV absorbance spectra recorded along acid-base titrations and melting experiments of single stranded, hairpin and their mixtures. The dependence of formation constants upon pH was successfully estimated. The hairpin h26 (5'-GAAGGAGGAGA-TTTT-TCTCCTCCTTC-3'), and the single stranded oligonucleotides s11CT (5'-CTTCCTCCTCT-3'), s11AG (5'-AGAGGAGGAAG-3') and s11TG (5'-TGTGGTGGTTG-3') were synthesized and their protonation and conformational equilibria were studied in detail. The procedure was shown to be especially useful for the study of triplexes with a low hypochromism upon formation.
Mechanistic insights into RNA surveillance by the canonical poly(A) polymerase Pla1 of the MTREC complex (2023)

The S. pombe orthologue of the human PAXT connection, Mtl1-Red1 Core (MTREC), is an eleven-subunit complex that targets cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) to the nuclear RNA exosome for degradation. It encompasses the canonical poly(A) polymerase Pla1, responsible for polyadenylation of nascent RNA transcripts as part of the cleavage and polyadenylation factor (CPF/CPSF). In this study we identify and characterise the interaction between Pla1 and the MTREC complex core component Red1 and analyse the functional relevance of this interaction in vivo. Our crystal structure of the Pla1-Red1 complex shows that a 58-residue fragment in Red1 binds to the RNA recognition motif domain of Pla1 and tethers it to the MTREC complex. Structure-based Pla1-Red1 interaction mutations show that Pla1, as part of MTREC complex, hyper-adenylates CUTs for their efficient degradation. Interestingly, the Red1-Pla1 interaction is also required for the efficient assembly of the fission yeast facultative heterochromatic islands. Together, our data suggest a complex interplay between the RNA surveillance and 3'-end processing machineries.
Xen and co. (2007)

Recent advances in software and architectural support for server virtualization have created interest in using this technology in the design of consolidated hosting platforms. Since virtualization enables easier and faster application migration as well as secure co-location of antagonistic applications, higher degrees of server consolidation are likely to result in such virtualization-based hosting platforms (VHPs). We identify a key shortcoming in existing virtual machine monitors (VMMs) that proves to be an obstacle in operating hosting platforms, such as Internet data centers, under conditions of such high consolidation: CPU schedulers that are agnostic to the communication behavior of modern, multi-tier applications. We develop a new communication-aware CPU scheduling algorithm to alleviate this problem. We implement our algorithm in the Xen VMM and build a prototype VHP on a cluster of servers. Our experimental evaluation with realistic Internet server applications and benchmarks demonstrates the performance/cost benefits and the wide applicability of our algorithms. For example, the TPC-W benchmark exhibited improvements in average response times of up to 35% for a variety of consolidation scenarios. A streaming media server hosted on our prototype VHP was able to satisfactorily service up to 3.5 times as many clients as one running on the default Xen.
Calcification in Pulmonary Heart Valve Tissue Engineering (2023)

Tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs) are emerging alternatives to current valve prostheses and prospectively a lifelong replacement. Calcification, a pathological complication for biological protheses, has been reported in preclinical TEHV studies. Systematic analysis of its occurrence is missing. This review aims to: 1) systematically review reported calcification of pulmonary TEHVs in large-animal studies; and 2) analyze the influence of engineering methodology (choice of scaffold material, cell preseeding) and animal model (animal species and age) on calcification. Baseline analysis included 80 studies, of which 41 studies containing 108 experimental groups were included in meta-analysis. Inclusion was low because only 55% of studies reported on calcification. Meta-analysis showed an overall average calcification event rate of 35% (95% CI: 28%-43%). Calcification was more prominent (<i>P =</i> 0.023) in the arterial conduit region (34%; 95% CI: 26%-43%) than in the valve leaflets (21%; 95% CI: 17%-27%), and was mostly (42% in leaflets, 60% in conduits) present in a mild form. Time-analysis showed an initial surge within 1 month after implantation, decreased calcification between 1 and 3 months, and then progression over time. There were no significant differences in degree of calcification between TEHV strategy nor animal models. Much variability between individual studies was observed in degree of calcification as well as quality of analysis and reporting thereof, hampering adequate comparisons between studies. These findings underline the need for improved analysis and better reporting standards of calcification in TEHVs. It also necessitates control-based research to further enlighten the risk of calcification for tissue-engineered transplants compared to current options. This can bring the field of heart valve tissue engineering forward toward safe clinical use.
Dengue Antibody-Dependent Enhancement: Knowns and Unknowns (2015)

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon involving infectious IgG antibody immune complexes that mediate the worsening of diseases involving a wide spectrum of microbes and vertebrates. ADE is a new type of Gell-Coombs immunopathology: type I, IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity; type II, antibody-mediated acute immune complex disease; type III, IgG-mediated complement-dependent foreign antigen immune complex disease; type IV, cell-mediated immune and autoimmune diseases; and type V, IgG immune complex enhancement of microbial infection in Fc-receptor (FcR)-bearing cells. Three of these immunopathologies are mediated by IgG antibodies. Type V immunopathology differs in function from type II and III immunopathologies in that immune complexes are not directly cytotoxic but serve to increase disease severity by regulating the productivity of intracellular microbial infection. In type II immunopathologies, IgG antibodies are often directed at autoantigens and include acute rheumatic fever where microbial antigens mimic antigens in various human tissues, generating an immune response that breaks down immune tolerance. In type III immunopathologies foreign antigen-antibody complexes are often trapped in the basement membranes of endothelial linings. Examples include acute serum sickness, glomerular nephritis, and postimmunization diseases such as breakthrough measles and respiratory syncytial virus infections in vaccine recipients that result in destructive complement-fixing virus-IgG immune complexes predominantly in the lung (1).
Production of Rubusoside Derivatives by Transgalactosylation of Various β-Galactosidases (1989)

Journal Article Production of Rubusoside Derivatives by Transgalactosylation of Various β-Galactosidases Get access Sumio Kitahata, Sumio Kitahata Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, 1–6–50, Morinomiya, Jyoto-ku, Osaka 536, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroshi Ishikawa, Hiroshi Ishikawa Hokkaido Sugar Co., Ltd., 2—1, Jinbocho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takeshi Miyata, Takeshi Miyata Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Osamu Tanaka Osamu Tanaka Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 53, Issue 11, 1 November 1989, Pages 2923–2928, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1989.10869768 Published: 01 November 1989 Article history Received: 12 May 1989 Published: 01 November 1989
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Spontaneously Express Neural Proteins in Culture and Are Neurogenic after Transplantation (2005)

Reports of neural transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) suggest the possibility that these cells may serve as a source for stem cell-based regenerative medicine to treat neurological disorders. However, some recent studies controvert previous reports of MSC neurogenecity. In the current study, we evaluate the neural differentiation potential of mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs. Surprisingly, we found that MSCs spontaneously express certain neuronal phenotype markers in culture, in the absence of specialized induction reagents. A previously published neural induction protocol that elevates cytoplasmic cyclic AMP does not upregulate neuron-specific protein expression significantly in MSCs but does significantly increase expression of the astrocyte-specific glial fibrillary acidic protein. Finally, when grafted into the lateral ventricles of neonatal mouse brain, MSCs migrate extensively and differentiate into olfactory bulb granule cells and periventricular astrocytes, without evidence of cell fusion. These results indicate that MSCs may be "primed" toward a neural fate by the constitutive expression of neuronal antigens and that they seem to respond with an appropriate neural pattern of differentiation when exposed to the environment of the developing brain.
Inquiry-Based Learning Through Image Processing (2012)

s in many states, educators in Pennsylvania school districts are strongly encouraged to incorporate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) activities and applications into the high school classroom. Incorporating topics on engineering into the high school curriculum poses a challenge for the educator, however, since most science textbooks and teacher resources (for levels prior to college) include little if any engineering content or activities [1]. Therefore, teachers must consult alternative resources if they intend to include engineering concepts in the classroom. With recent educational cuts and standardized testing stress, educators have little time to seek out such resources. Hands-on activities may well provide the much-needed play (inquiry) that is missing from the U.S. school system [2]. For example, researchers at Oulu University (Finland) have conducted a project to teach microcontrollers in grade school by letting students formulate their own problems to solve [3]. Similarly, as profiled in ASEE Prism Magazine [4], schools in Finland attribute their success in engaging students into STEM to well-trained teachers who design special hands-on activities as part of their regular teaching activities. The authors [4] note that “One girl, a Boston transplant, says she hates the idea of returning to her American school, where students never did anything in the lab and had more homework.” The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) standards call for teaching mathematics for understanding where students “actively build new knowledge from experience and prior knowledge.” They call for inquiry-based instruction whereby students are encouraged to investigate legitimate questions and hypothesize about solutions leading to the discussion and evaluation of potential solutions.
PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric\n Space (2017)

Few prior works study deep learning on point sets. PointNet by Qi et al. is a\npioneer in this direction. However, by design PointNet does not capture local\nstructures induced by the metric space points live in, limiting its ability to\nrecognize fine-grained patterns and generalizability to complex scenes. In this\nwork, we introduce a hierarchical neural network that applies PointNet\nrecursively on a nested partitioning of the input point set. By exploiting\nmetric space distances, our network is able to learn local features with\nincreasing contextual scales. With further observation that point sets are\nusually sampled with varying densities, which results in greatly decreased\nperformance for networks trained on uniform densities, we propose novel set\nlearning layers to adaptively combine features from multiple scales.\nExperiments show that our network called PointNet++ is able to learn deep point\nset features efficiently and robustly. In particular, results significantly\nbetter than state-of-the-art have been obtained on challenging benchmarks of 3D\npoint clouds.\n
Die Methode der finiten Elemente (2012)

ZusammenfassungEs wurde schon darauf hingewiesen, dass die Berechnung des Deformations- und Spannungszustandes im linear-elastischen Bereich eines deformierbaren Körpers über die Lösung eines Systems partieller Differentialgleichungen mit meist komplizierten Randbedingungen für Verschiebungen und Lasten geschehen muss. Das ist im Allgemeinen nur über eine Methode wie das hier beschriebene, sehr erfolgreiche numerische Näherungsverfahren möglich.
Computer skills training to (middle-aged) adults: problems and program (2004)

The knowledge of computer applications such as word processing or Internet-based communication is essential in most jobs. On the other hand, most professional training programs for unemployed people contain a computer course for those who have never used a computer. Middle-aged adults present several difficulties in order to learn core computer skills, which must be overcome in order for these people to be able to handle basic computer applications successfully. In this paper, we present a 50 hour program to teach computer skills for middle-aged adults.
Supplementary Tables 1, 3, 5-6, Figures 1-6 from The Humoral Immune System Has a Key Prognostic Impact in Node-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Tables 1, 3, 5-6, Figures 1-6 from The Humoral Immune System Has a Key Prognostic Impact in Node-Negative Breast Cancer
Scheduling and resource allocation in broadband multimedia wireless local area networks (1998)

grantor: University of Toronto
A phase II open-label trial of GTx-758 in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: Final analysis of the primary endpoint. (2016)

185 Background: Recently approved agents that target the androgen receptor pathway emphasize the importance of the persistent activity of the androgen receptor pathway in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This raises the possibility that agents with distinct mechanisms of action may add value. GTx-758 is a selective ERα agonist that can increase SHBG and therefore reduce biologically active testosterone (T) levels. Reported here are the results, including the final primary endpoint analysis, from the 250 mg daily GTx-758 cohort of a phase II clinical trial in men on LHRH agonists that developed CRPC. Methods: This phase II open label trial (G200712, NCT01615120) treated men with high risk nmCRPC or mCRPC with T levels &lt; 50 ng/dL who continued to receive their current form of ADT along with either 125 mg or 250 mg of GTx-758 daily, for at least 90 days. The primary endpoint was the proportion of men with a PSA decline ≥ 50% by day 90, while secondary endpoints included serum total and free T, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), bone turnover markers and hot flashes. Results: The 250 mg cohort (n = 39) has completed the time period for assessment of the primary endpoint. Ten of the 39 (26%) subjects exhibited a ≥ 50% decrease in PSA by Day 90, with 11/39 (28%) by Day 120, while 18/39 (46%) had PSA declines of ≥ 30%. Median SHBG levels increased 301% of baseline, confirming the principal mechanism of drug action. While on study, median free T decreases of 44% were observed across all subjects and 20/26 (77%) of the subjects with baseline serum free T levels &gt; 0.7 pg/ml fell below this level. Therefore, 250 mg GTx-758 decreased free testosterone levels in an additive fashion to their existing LHRH therapy. The bone turnover biomarker, C-telopeptide, decreased in 79% of the subjects. 250 mg of GTx-758 has been generally well tolerated with two reported possibly drug related SAEs (VTE and MI). Conclusions: In this phase II trial, 250 mg daily GTx-758 has activity, likely mediated by lowering free T levels in patients with CRPC on LHRH therapy, and may provide amelioration of estrogen deficiency side effects associated with ADT. Clinical trial information: NCT01615120.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures and Biosynthesis of Aflastatins: Novel Inhibitors of Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus. (2010)

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Dual-Specificity Phosphatase Cdc25B Is an Unstable Protein and Triggers p34cdc2/Cyclin B Activation in Hamster BHK21 Cells Arrested with Hydroxyurea (1997)

By incubating at 30 degrees C in the presence of an energy source, p34(cdc2)/cyclin B was activated in the extract prepared from a temperature-sensitive mutant, tsBN2, which prematurely enters mitosis at 40 degrees C, the nonpermissive temperature (Nishimoto, T. , E. Eilen, and C. Basilico. 1978. Cell. 15:475-483), and wild-type cells of the hamster BHK21 cell line arrested in S phase, without protein synthesis. Such an in vitro activation of p34(cdc2)/cyclin B, however, did not occur in the extract prepared from cells pretreated with protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, although this extract still retained the ability to inhibit p34(cdc2)/cyclin B activation. When tsBN2 cells arrested in S phase were incubated at 40 degrees C in the presence of cycloheximide, Cdc25B, but not Cdc25A and C, among a family of dual-specificity phosphatases, Cdc25, was lost coincidentally with the lack of the activation of p34(cdc2)/cyclin B. Consistently, the immunodepletion of Cdc25B from the extract inhibited the activation of p34(cdc2)/cyclin B. Cdc25B was found to be unstable (half-life < 30 min). Cdc25B, but not Cdc25C, immunoprecipitated from the extract directly activated the p34(cdc2)/cyclin B of cycloheximide-treated cells as well as that of nontreated cells, although Cdc25C immunoprecipitated from the extract of mitotic cells activated the p34(cdc2)/cyclin B within the extract of cycloheximide-treated cells. Our data suggest that Cdc25B made an initial activation of p34(cdc2)/cyclin B, which initiates mitosis through the activation of Cdc25C.
Measurement of Breast Density on Digital Mammograms (2006)

We built a estimating system of individual breast density from digital mammograms by using breast tissue equivalent phantoms that are able to change the mixture ratio of adipose and glandular tissue and the thickness. The method was compared with a visual assessment of breast density by the radiologists as a gold standard. The clinical image data set that consisted of 49 mammograms of 21 patients were analyzed. The average of the estimated glandular rate was 35.0%, while varying from 12.0% to 67.0%. This system can apply in clinical practice such as the visual estimation of breast density.
Noise Figure of Gain Controlled EDFAs with Extended Dynamic Gain Range (2007)

Noise figure measurements for a newly proposed hybrid gain-controlled EDFA with extended dynamic gain range were conducted. They showed a performance comparable to that of equivalent (booster, in-line or pre-amplifier) commercial EDFAs without gain control.