gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physico-chemical assessment of on-farm bioconversion of organic waste in dairy farms in context to sustainability and circular bioeconomy (2022)

On a milk-producing dairy farm, milk production is correlated with manure production and the number of cattle, and manure is widely used as a soil fertilizer. However, excessive dairy manure production is linked with greenhouse gas emissions and water quality issues. On-farm planning of manure storage and application to enhance soil nutrients are essential in a circular economy to reduce environmental impact, where manure is not landfilled and incinerated. Instead, it creates a nutrient resource for crops and soil. Dairy manure, which is rich in nutrients, is a valuable fertilizer that contains many nutrients such as nitrogen (N), organic matter (OM), phosphorous (P), Potassium (K) and micronutrients. In this work, a pilot field research was conducted between 2016 and 2018 in various parts of California, USA (San Joaquin Valley, Sacramento Valley, Shasta Cascade, and the North Coast of California) to assess physio-chemical characteristics of solid fractions of dairy manure among various dairy farms. A total of 156 samples were collected from the gut (<i>n</i> = 107) and toe (<i>n</i> = 49) of the manure piles across California for determining total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), temperature, moisture content and carbon-nitrogen ratio (C: N). Here, using the observations of field study and analysis, we show that C: N, OM and MC of solid fractions of dairy manure vary significantly among dairy farms. The average C: N ratio of manure (26-32) among various regions was close to an ideal C: N value of 24:1 for soil microbes to stimulate nutrient release to crops. Manure pH ranged between 7.0 and 8.0, which was close to an optimal pH range for common crops (6.0-8.0). Moreover, considering less cost and surplus availability, manure will likely continue providing a cost-effective organic fertilizer resource compared to commercial chemical fertilizers.
Dysregulation of Receptor Interacting Protein-2 and Caspase Recruitment Domain Only Protein Mediates Aberrant Caspase-1 Activation in Huntington's Disease (2005)

Caspase-1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological diseases. Caspase-1 activation is an early event in models of Huntington's disease (HD). However, mechanisms regulating the activation of this apical caspase in cell death are not known. Receptor interacting protein-2 (Rip2) and caspase recruitment domain (CARD) only protein (Cop) are two CARD proteins with significant homology to the caspase-1 CARD and modulate caspase-1 activation in inflammation. Rip2 is a caspase-1 activator, and Cop is a caspase-1 inhibitor. We demonstrate in models of HD that caspase-1 activation results from dysregulation of caspase-1 activation pathways. Associated with disease progression, we detect elevation of the caspase-1 activator Rip2 and reduction of the caspase-1 inhibitor Cop. Knocking down endogenous Rip2/Cop respectively results in reduced/increased sensitivity to neurotoxic stimuli. Our data provide evidence that caspase-1-mediated cell death is regulated, at least in part, by the balance of Rip2 and Cop, and alterations of this balance may contribute to aberrant caspase-1-mediated pathogenesis in Huntington's disease.
Applications of Supercritical Fluids in the Controlled Release of Drugs (1992)

Supercritical fluids have been used to form two different types of microparticles intended for controlled drug release applications: drug-loaded polymer microspheres, and small protein particles. A poly(hydroxyacid), poly(D,L-lactic acid) (DL-PLA) and a pharmaceutical (lovastatin) have been dissolved in supercritical CO2 and coprecipitated by rapid expansion of the resulting supercritical solution (RESS) to form polymer-drug microspheres and microparticles ranging in size from 10 to 100 μm. Variations in the concentration of lovastatin in the precipitate correlated with changes in the precipitate's morphology, ranging from continuous drug-polymer networks, to microparticles, to microspheres. The formation of polymer-drug microparticles by RESS is the first step towards a feasible single-step, low-temperature process that yields solvent and surfactant-free microparticles suitable for controlled drug release. Two model proteins, catalase and insulin, have been dissolved in ethanol/water solution and fed continuously and simultaneously with supercritical CO2 into a crystallizer to precipitate the proteins. The use of supercritical CO2 as a gas anti-solvent (GAS) produced catalase and insulin particles ranging from 1 to 5 μm. Particle morphology ranged from microspheres, to rectangular-shaped particles, to needles. Micron-sized protein particles are needed in several controlled release formulations to accommodate the high potency and low dosage of such pharmaceuticals and to achieve a uniform dispersion of the drug in the injectable polymeric microspherical carrier. GAS crystallization is a potentially important process for comminution of proteins since conventional particle reduction methods (spray drying, lyophilization, milling, grinding) cannot produce the micron-sized protein particles needed for controlled release of highly active enzymes.
THE NEED FOR INDUCING SHEAR INSTABILITY TO OBTAIN RELEVANT PARAMETERS FOR HMA RUT-RESISTANCE (WITH DISCUSSION) (2004)

Instability rutting is a major distress mode in hot mix asphalt pavements, which occurs when the structural properties of the compacted mix cannot resist near surface critical stress conditions caused by traffic loads. The critical stress conditions for rutting instability include high near surface shear stresses and low confinement. On the mixture level, instability rutting is manifested in a rearrangement of the aggregate structure. This paper illustrates that it may be necessary to induce instability in mixtures to determine parameters that are relevant to mixture rut resistance. The Superpave (trademark) gyratory compactor with shear measurements and the option of changing the compaction angle during compaction was used in this study. Mixtures were compacted to a density that is consistent with the air voids of field pavements immediately after construction, namely 7% (+ or - 0.5%) air voids. The subsequent application of high shear stresses by increasing the gyratory angle from 1.25 degrees to 2.5 degrees results in the rearrangement of the aggregate structure during which parameters can be measured that define clear differences in mixtures. Based on the testing of 31 mixtures with different void structure and aggregate characteristics, three distinctive responses were observed: a) brittle response, b) plastic response, under which once the mixtures lose strength due to rearrangement they never regain another stable rearrangement, and c) optimal response, which is bracketed by the plastic and brittle types of responses. Key parameters were identified that are relevant to the rut-resistance of mixtures. Using these new parameters, a framework for the evaluation of mixture rutting potential is developed. Based on a comparison of predicted rutting potential to APA rut depth measurements, as well as a statistical analysis of results, the validity of the proposed framework is established. The results show that the proposed framework may have the potential for becoming an index test for evaluating the rutting potential of mixtures. Based on the findings of this paper, the proposed approach for evaluating mixture rut-potential should be studied further and validated for an even larger variety of asphalt mixtures.
C/EBPd enables the efficient extravasation of human CCR2+ MAIT cells (2017)

Abstract Early responses to pathogen challenge depend in part on recruitment of effector-capable T cells from blood. Human mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant, mostly CD8+, MR1-restricted, anti-bacterial T cells that could contribute to this response. However, little is known about these cells’ ability to traffic in inflammation. We found that, as compared with non-MAIT CD8+ T cells, human MAIT cells excelled at entering inflamed skin in mice. In flow chamber assays, MAIT cells were efficient at trafficking across activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) due to high levels of selectin ligands, and chemokine receptors CCR6, and CCR2, which we showed were important for rolling, arrest, and transendothelial migration, respectively. We found that MAIT cells express high levels of the mRNAs for FUT7 and ST3GAL4, which are critical for synthesizing selectin ligands. We also found that expression of FUT7, ST3GAL4, and CCR6 depends on C/EBPd, a bZIP transcription factor that we discovered is expressed preferentially in MAIT cells and that binds to the FUT7, ST3GAL4, and CCR6 promoters. For MAIT cells, knockdown of C/EBPd decreased rolling and arrest on HUVEC and extravasation into inflamed mouse skin. Thus, CCR2+ MAIT cells display trafficking abilities that depend on chemokine receptors with non-redundant roles and the cooperative activities of C/EBPd-regulated genes - and exemplify effector-ready T cells that express a coordinated program enabling rapid entry into sites of inflammation.
On the adequacy of program dependence graphs for representing programs (1988)

Program dependence graphs were introduced by Kuck as an intermediate program representation well suited for performing optimizations, vectorization, and parallelization. There are also additional applications for them as an internal program representation in program development environments.
On the existence and stability of a tri-t-butyl(“Dewar benzene”)palladium chloride complex (1970)

The complex (ButC2H)3PdCl2 recently claimed to be a “Dewar benzene” complex has been shown to be dimeric and not to have this structure; it was not possible to isolate an authentic tri-t-butyl (“Dewar benzene”) complex.
Trade Diversification Away from the U.S. or North American Customs Union? A Review of Canada's Trade Policy Options (2012)

This study examines Canada’s key strategic trade policy options – whether pushing for further economic integration with the U.S., or diversifying to non-U.S. markets and reducing the degree to which Canada’s economy depends on the U.S. In particular, this study compares the economic benefits of implementing a North American customs union with the benefits of increasing Canada’s trade with either emerging countries (e.g., India, China, Brazil) or with advanced partners such as Europe and Japan. The main conclusion is that there may be considerable benefit to Canada of diversifying some of its trade away from the United States provided that countries with more youthful populations and rapid growth, such as India, are targeted. Diversification to older countries such as Europe and Japan would not be beneficial. The analysis is based on a series of recent policy-modeling studies by the authors examining the economic impacts of diverse trade policies options in global economy models, taking also into consideration an important feature of the 21st century, the demographic changes around the world that accompany the globalization process for goods and services, capital and labor. / Cette étude examine certaines options de politique commerciale pour le Canada, en particulier la question de savoir si le Canada devrait poursuivre encore plus son stade d’intégration économique avec les États-Unis, ou s’il devrait diversifier son commerce et réduire son degré de dépendance face aux États Unis. En particulier, l’étude compare les bénéfices d’une éventuelle Union Douanière avec les États-Unis par rapport à ceux d’un commerce croissant avec certains pays émergents (Inde, Chine, Brésil) ou avec l’Europe et le Japon, et conclue qu’il existe des bénéfices pour le Canada de diversifier une partie de son commerce en faveur de pays démographiquement plus jeunes et à croissance plus rapide – par exemple, l’Inde ou le Brésil, mais non en faveur de l’Europe ou du Japon. Cette étude se base sur les résultats d’études précédentes menées par les auteurs et qui examinent les impacts économiques de différentes options commerciales à l’aide de modèles d’équilibre général prenant en compte une caractéristique importante du 21ième siècle, les changements démographiques mondiaux qui accompagnent le processus de globalisation des biens et services, du capital, et du travail.
Reduction of Radius of Curvature in Thin-Sheet-Metal Bending by Ultrashort-Pulsed Laser Peen Forming (2017)

Ultrashort-pulsed laser peen forming is a method of thin-sheet-metal forming using laser-induced shock waves. The authors have applied the process to microsheet parts bending, which is accomplished by repeating line scanning. However, when a severe curvature is requested, nonnegligible reduction of sheet thickness is induced by laser ablation. In order to restrict the thickness reduction, the authors attempted to improve the bending efficiency, which would allow a reduction in the number of necessary pulses. Scanning velocity and scanning pitch were changed, while the total irradiated pulse number was constant. The obtained results showed that a scanning velocity higher than the conventional one is favorable for improving the bending efficiency. In addition, smaller scanning pitches were adopted to reduce the radius of curvature. The influence of the scanning pitch on the bending efficiency was much weaker than that of scanning velocity. From the results of the evaluation of efficiency and scanned surface asperity, a scanning velocity of 20 mm·s-1 was judged to be the best. The best scanning condition achieved a 40% smaller radius of curvature than the conventional one.
Exploring and extending the boundaries of physical activity recognition (2011)

This paper discusses several aspects and practical issues of physical activity recognition. Many existent activity recognition applications only include the few and well known basic activities, thus limiting the applicability of these systems. One of the main goals of this paper is to point out the importance of extending activity recognition with background activities, and to demonstrate its effects. Another practical issue of activity recognition is, that the comparison of different approaches is often not possible not only because of the lack of common datasets, but also because of the usage of different evaluation methods. This work argues, that usually subject independent validation techniques should be applied for the evaluation of activity recognition systems. The statements of this work are demonstrated on a dataset with 8 subjects and 13 different activities. Finally, an empirical study carried out within this work shows the feasibility of using more complex classifiers (required due to the extended activity recognition problem) for mobile applications.
A new monooxygenase from Herbaspirillum huttiense catalyzed highly enantioselective epoxidation of allylbenzenes and allylic alcohols (2020)

An efficient, asymmetric synthesis of allyloxiranes and glycidols with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity was established through HhMo-catalyzed epoxidation.
Spatial atomic layer deposition on flexible substrates using a modular rotating cylinder reactor (2014)

Spatial atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a new version of ALD based on the separation of reactant gases in space instead of time. In this paper, the authors present results for spatial ALD on flexible substrates using a modular rotating cylinder reactor. The design for this reactor is based on two concentric cylinders. The outer cylinder remains fixed and contains a series of slits. These slits can accept a wide range of modules that attach from the outside. The modules can easily move between the various slit positions and perform precursor dosing, purging, or pumping. The inner cylinder rotates with the flexible substrate and passes underneath the various spatially separated slits in the outer cylinder. Trimethyl aluminum and ozone were used to grow Al2O3 ALD films at 40 °C on metallized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates to characterize this spatial ALD reactor. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements revealed a constant Al2O3 ALD growth rate of 1.03 Å/cycle with rotation speeds from 40 to 100 RPM with the outer cylinder configured for one Al2O3 ALD cycle per rotation. The Al2O3 ALD growth rate then decreased at higher rotation rates for reactant residence times &amp;lt; 5 ms. The Al2O3 ALD films were also uniform to within &amp;lt;1% across the central portion of metallized PET substrate. Fixed deposition time experiments revealed that Al2O3 ALD films could be deposited at 2.08 Å/s at higher rotation speeds of 175 RPM. Even faster deposition rates are possible by adding more modules for additional Al2O3 ALD cycles for every one rotation of the inner cylinder.
Synthesis of polymerizable and amphiphilic (porphinato)irons and their copolymers with polymerizable phospholipid (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of polymerizable and amphiphilic (porphinato)irons and their copolymers with polymerizable phospholipidEishun Tsuchida, Hiroyuki Nishide, Makoto Yuasa, Takeshi Babe, and Masaki FukuzumiCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 1, 66–72Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00191a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00191a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
H3.3 is deposited at centromeres in S phase as a placeholder for newly assembled CENP-A in G 1 phase (2011)

Centromeres are key regions of eukaryotic chromosomes that ensure proper chromosome segregation at cell division. In most eukaryotes, centromere identity is defined epigenetically by the presence of a centromeric histone H3 variant CenH3, called CENP-A in humans. How CENP-A is incorporated and reproducibly transmitted during the cell cycle is at the heart of this fundamental epigenetic mechanism. Centromeric DNA is replicated during S phase; however unlike replication-coupled assembly of canonical histones during S phase, newly synthesized CENP-A deposition at centromeres is restricted to a discrete time in late telophase/early G(1). These observations raise an important question: when 'old' CENP-A nucleosomes are segregated at the replication fork, are the resulting 'gaps' maintained until the next G(1), or are they filled by H3 nucleosomes during S phase and replaced by CENP-A in the following G(1)? Understanding such molecular mechanisms is important to reveal the composition/organization of centromeres in mitosis, when the kinetochore forms and functions. Here we investigate centromeric chromatin status during the cell cycle, using the SNAP-tag methodology to visualize old and new histones on extended chromatin fibers in human cells. Our results show that (1) both histone H3 variants H3.1 and H3.3 are deposited at centromeric domains in S phase and (2) there is reduced H3.3 (but not reduced H3.1) at centromeres in G(1) phase compared to S phase. These observations are consistent with a replacement model, where both H3.1 and H3.3 are deposited at centromeres in S phase and 'placeholder' H3.3 is replaced with CENP-A in G(1).
Estudio comparado de los resultados de las pruebas de acceso a la universidad en Cataluña, Comunidad Valenciana y País Vasco. (2013)

espanolSe estudian los resultados de las Pruebas de Acceso a la Universidad de Cataluna, Comunidad Valenciana y Pais Vasco, de junio de 2011 y se analiza la evolucion de los resultados de la Prueba en los cursos 08-09, 09-10 y 10-11. En el estudio de eleccion de asignaturas de modalidad se establece que las Matematicas II, la Economia y la Geografia son asignaturas tipicas de la fase general, mientras que la Quimica, Biologia y Fisica lo son de fase especifica. La Comunidad Valenciana tiene ciertas caracteristicas diferenciales con respecto a las otras como son: ligera tendencia ascendente en la nota media y en el porcentaje de aprobados, notas medias mas altas para la misma asignatura en la fase especifica que en la fase general, notas de corte mas altas para el acceso a determinados estudios universitarios, inclusion de un numero mayor de asignaturas con ponderacion 0,2 y mucho mejores resultados en el sistema de acceso para mayores de 25, 40 y 45 anos. EnglishWe study the results of entrance examinations to the University of Catalonia, Community of Valencia and Basque Country, through the results obtained in June 2011 and we analyze the evolution of the entrance examinations results in courses 08-09, 09- 10 and 10-11. In the study of choice of modality�s subjects we establish that Mathematics II, Economics and Geography are typical subjects of the general phase, while the Chemistry, Biology and Physics are typical of the specific phase. The Community of Valencia has certain distinctive characteristics with respect to the other two as: there is a slight upward tendency on the average mark and pass rate, higher average scores for the same subject in the specific phase that in the general phase, higher cut-off marks for access to certain university degrees, inclusion of a greater number of subjects with weight 0.2 and much better results in the access system for people over 25, 40 and 45.
Efficient Classification via Partial Co-Training for Virtual Metrology (2020)

Developing accurate and cost-effective classification techniques to facilitate virtual metrology is a critical task for modern manufacturing. In this paper, we consider the scenario in which labeling data is expensive, causing a shortage of labeled data. As a consequence, conventional classification methods suffer from a high risk of overfitting. To address this issue, we develop a novel semi-supervised classification method, namely Partial Cotraining with Logistic Regression (PCT-LR). PCT-LR finds a subset of the original features to generate a partial view, and uses this partial view to provide side information to support the complete view that includes all features. Both views are cooptimized in a Bayesian inference with a Gaussian process prior and a logistic regression classifier. The proposed method is validated with two industrial examples. Experiment results suggest that the amount of required labeled data can be reduced by up to 18% without loss in accuracy.