gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use‐dependent block of Ih in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons by sinus node inhibitors (1998)

1. The sinus node inhibitors UL FS 49 and DK-AH 269 reduce heart rate by slowing diastolic depolarization rate in the sino-atrial (SA) node, which might originate from the use-dependent blockade of a hyperpolarization-activated current If. A hyperpolarization-activated current Ih, which is present in many types of neurons, is similar to If. We studied the effects of these drugs on Ih in cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. 2. With the whole-cell patch-clamp technique use-dependent block of Ih was observed. The steady-state block following a voltage-clamp pulse train (1-s steps from -38 to -108 mV applied at 0.5 Hz) was dependent on drug concentration and showed an apparent Kd of 0.1 and 0.79 microM with DK AH 269 and UL-FS 49 respectively. 3. The rate of block increased linearly with drug concentration. The rate of recovery from block was, however, much slower compared to cardiac tissue. 4. There was no significant effect of UL-FS 49 on the activation curve. 5. At high concentrations of UL-FS 49 a clear association of the drug with the open channel was observed. 6. When the cell was stimulated at a frequency of 3 Hz, a distinct hyperpolarization was observed in the presence of extracellular Cs+ or when Ih was blocked with UL-FS 49, but not in the absence of Cs+ and UL-FS 49. 7. These results indicate that Ih protects the cell against hyperpolarizations and subsequent inexcitability. The action of the drugs on the hyperpolarization-activated current in cardiac and neuronal tissue show some similarities; however, some pronounced differences indicate that different subtypes of the channel might exist.
Responsibilities When Confronting a Defective Surgical Implant (2003)

The senior author shares lessons from his experience with faulty knee implants that resulted in severe polyethylene wear and 51% failure of 73 unicondylar knee arthroplasties within 2 years after implantation. Ensuing research showed that the components had been sterilized by gamma irradiation in air and had shelf lives ranging from 4.5 years to 6.5 years. It was learned that gamma-irradiated components with more than 5-year shelf lives remain in inventories without information showing their sterilization dates. This experience reiterated the importance of staying abreast of the literature and reports concerning products and of being alert to unexpected patient outcomes relatively soon after implantation. If a surgeon suspects a faulty prosthetic device, he or she should contact the manufacturer and the United States Food and Drug Administration, so that an investigation can begin. In such situations, the physician's primary responsibility lies with the patient, and it is necessary to arrange extra time and staff resources to give the affected patients information, compassion, added clinical monitoring, and treatment. Because the potential exists for gamma-irradiated in air implants with lengthy shelf lives to remain undetected in inventories, the current authors recommend that surgeons select implants sterilized by a different process.
Large-band periodic filters for DWDM using multiple-superimposed fiber Bragg gratings (2002)

The tight specifications of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) filters are challenging for any available technologies. In this letter, periodic transmission filters based on superimposed chirped fiber Bragg gratings are designed to have flat amplitude response and nearly constant in-band group delay. These filters should prove to be useful as interleavers and mux/demux filters in DWDM systems.
Novel compounds in preclinical/early clinical development for the treatment of HIV infections (2000)

Virtually all the compounds that are currently used, or under advanced clinical trial, for the treatment of HIV infections, belong to one of the following classes: (i) nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), (ii) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and (iii) protease inhibitors (PIs). In addition to the reverse transcriptase and protease step, various other events in the HIV replicative cycle are potential targets for chemotherapeutic intervention: (i) viral adsorption, through binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 (polysulphates, polysulphonates, polyoxometalates, zintevir, negatively charged albumins); (ii) viral entry, through blockade of the viral coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5 [bicyclams (AMD3100), polyphemusins (T22), TAK-779]; (iii) virus-cell fusion, through binding to the viral glycoprotein gp41 [T-20 (DP-178), siamycins, betulinic acid derivatives]; (iv) viral assembly and disassembly, through NCp7 zinc finger-targeted agents [2,2'-dithiobisbenzamides (DIBAs), azadicarbonamide (ADA)]; (v) proviral DNA integration, through integrase inhibitors such as L-chicoric acid; (vi) viral mRNA transcription, through inhibitors of the transcription (transactivation) process (peptoid CGP64222, fluoroquinolone K-12, Streptomyces product EM2487). Also, in recent years new NRTIs, NNRTIs and PIs have been developed that possess, respectively, improved metabolic characteristics (i.e. phosphoramidate and cyclosaligenyl pronucleotides of d4T), or increased activity against NNRTI-resistant HIV strains, or, in the case of PIs, a different, non-peptidic scaffold. Given the multitude of molecular targets with which anti-HIV agents can interact, one should be cautious in extrapolating from cell-free enzymatic assays to the mode of action of these agents in intact cells. A number of compounds (i.e. zintevir and L-chicoric acid, on the one hand; and CGP64222 on the other hand) have recently been found to interact with virus-cell binding and viral entry in contrast to their proposed modes of action targeted at the integrase and transactivation process, respectively.
Stress-strain curve of paper revisited (2012)

Abstract We have investigated a relation between micromechanical processes and the stress-strain curve of a dry fiber network during tensile loading. By using a detailed particle-level simulation tool we investigate, among other things, the impact of “non-traditional” bonding parameters, such as compliance of bonding regions, work of separation and the actual number of effective bonds. This is probably the first three-dimensional model which is capable of simulating the fracture process of paper accounting for nonlinearities at the fiber level and bond failures. The failure behavior of the network considered in the study could be changed significantly by relatively small changes in bond strength, as compared to the scatter in bonding data found in the literature. We have identified that compliance of the bonding regions has a significant impact on network strength. By comparing networks with weak and strong bonds, we concluded that large local strains are the precursors of bond failures and not the other way around.
Bulk Acoustic Wave Devices - Why, How, and Where They are Going (2007)

Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) devices have been researched for several decades with great promise and are now rapidly growing in the marketplace, migrating from the military and high-end industrial markets into consumer wireless applications. Although BAW devices can be fabricated for use below 500 MHZ, the economic sweet spot for BAW is above 1.5 GHz. At 1.8-1.9 GHz, BAW ladder filters become very competitive against Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices with improved performance and against ceramic filters with significant size reduction in handset designs. The highest penetration for BAW devices has been in the area of PCS and UMTS duplexers. The cost of BAW devices has been reduced to the point of being very competitive with existing filter and duplexer technologies. The future of BAW devices will show migration to higher frequencies and potential integration with active integrated circuits.
Substitutional oxygen-oxygen pair in silicon (1985)

The electronic structure and stability of an oxygen-oxygen pair occupying a single substitutional site in crystalline silicon are explored by the cluster scattered-wave X\ensuremath{\alpha} and the cluster modified neglect of diatomic overlap methods. These calculations support the existence of a stable 〈100〉-oriented pair, where the oxygens in the vacant lattice site are well separated and only weakly interacting. No electrical levels are found in the gap for the equilibrium configuration, which indicates that the oxygen pair completely passivates the vacancy dangling bonds while introducing no new electrical activity. We also consider the previous suggestion that a strain-confined version of the pair is the core of the thermal donor in silicon.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2 to Formate on Nanoparticulated Bi−Sn−Sb Electrodes (2022)

Abstract Human activities during the last century have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, mainly carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and the impacts of climate change around the world are becoming more damaging. Therefore, scientific research is needed to mitigate the consequences of atmospheric CO 2 , and, among others, the electrochemical CO 2 conversion to useful chemicals is one of the most interesting alternatives. Herein, different Bi, Sn and Sb systems were synthesised as nanoparticles, supported on carbon (Vulcan XC‐72R) and finally used to manufacture electrodes. The Bi−Sn−Sb nanoparticulated systems and their corresponding electrodes were characterised by TEM, XPS, ICP‐OES and SEM. Electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to formate was performed in an electrochemical H‐type cell in a CO 2 ‐saturated KHCO 3 and KCl solution. The Bi−Sn−Sb electrodes exhibited good activity and selectivity for the CO 2 reduction towards formate. Particularly, Bi 95 Sb 05 /C and Bi 80 Sn 10 Sb 10 /C electrodes showed improved stability compared to previous works, keeping values of formate efficiency over 50 % after 24 h.
<title>Applications of CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula>-induced long-period fiber gratings in Er-doped fiber amplifiers</title> (2001)

In this paper, we describe the applications of novel long period fibre gratings written by high-frequency CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser pulses to Er-doped optical fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). Such a type of gratings has been used for both ASE (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) noise reduction and gain equalization of EDFAs for the first time to our knowledge. The ASE noise of two EDFAs used as a pre-amplifier and an in-line amplifier has been successfully reduced from 4.0dB to ~3.5dB and from ~4.8dB to ~4.3dB with a small-signal gain increase of ~7dB for the in-line amplifier, respectively. In addition, the gain profiles of other two EDFAs have been flattened to +/- 0.5dB by using the LPFGs fabricated.
EFFECTIVE ADMISSION CONTROL FOR POWER-CONTROLLED DS-CDMA SYSTEMS (2004)

Effective call admission control (CAC) is one of the most important techniques to provide the desired quality of service (QoS) in wireless networks. This paper investigates the call admission control problem for the power-controlled CDMA systems. With a macroscopic description for the power control problem, the call admission control for the power-constrained system is analyzed and an admissibility condition is derived. Based on the derived condition, we propose two CAC algorithms. One is an interactive method that provides the optimum performance, but requires some information exchange between base stations. The other can be implemented in a distributed manner and provide a reasonable performance. Through simulations, we show that the proposed algorithms provide an improved performance.
Helium ion microscopy and its application to nanotechnology and nanometrology (2008)

Abstract Helium ion microscopy (HeIM) presents a new approach to nanotechnology and nanometrology, which has several potential advantages over the traditional scanning electron microscope (SEM) currently in use in research laboratories and manufacturing facilities across the world. Owing to the very high source brightness, and the shorter wavelength of the helium (He) ions, it is theoretically possible to focus the ion beam into a smaller probe size relative to that of the electron beam of an SEM. Hence, resolution 2 × – 4 × better than that of comparable SEMs is theoretically possible. In an SEM, an electron beam interacts with the sample and an array of signals are generated, collected and imaged. This interaction zone may be quite large depending upon the accelerating voltage and materials involved. Conversely, the helium ion beam interacts with the sample, but it does not have as large an excitation volume and, thus, the image collected is more surface sensitive and can potentially provide sharp images on a wide range of materials. Compared with an SEM, the secondary electron yield is quite high—allowing for imaging at extremely low beam currents and the relatively low mass of the helium ion, in contrast to other ion sources such as gallium, potentially results in minimal damage to the sample. This article reports on some of the preliminary work being done on the HeIM as a research and measurement tool for nanotechnology and nanometrology being done at NIST. SCANNING 30: 457–462, 2008. Published 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two‐Dimensional‐Material Membranes: A New Family of High‐Performance Separation Membranes (2016)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials of atomic thickness have emerged as nano-building blocks to develop high-performance separation membranes that feature unique nanopores and/or nanochannels. These 2D-material membranes exhibit extraordinary permeation properties, opening a new avenue to ultra-fast and highly selective membranes for water and gas separation. Summarized in this Minireview are the latest ground-breaking studies in 2D-material membranes as nanosheet and laminar membranes, with a focus on starting materials, nanostructures, and transport properties. Challenges and future directions of 2D-material membranes for wide implementation are discussed briefly.
AudioDB: Get in Touch with Sounds (2008)

In this paper we present AudioDB, a system to collaboratively navigate sound databases via a spatial audio-haptic setup. It provides an environment to sonically sort, group and select sounds which are represented as physical artifacts on a tabletop surface. We give an introduction and insights on implementing interactive overviews for sound databases followed by first impressions of a qualitative analysis of the system.
Ultrafine Metal Particles in Polymers and the Formation of Periodic Polymer Stripes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUltrafine Metal Particles in Polymers and the Formation of Periodic Polymer StripesM. Samy El-Shall and Wyatt SlackCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 24, 8456–8458Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00128a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00128a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enseignement pratique par simulation de chirurgie bariatrique : utilisation du modèle SimLife® (2019)

La demande de chirurgie bariatrique est importante et celle de formation des chirurgiens bariatrique aussi. La formation théorique universitaire, diplomante est associée à des stages au sein d’équipes référentes. La chirurgie bariatrique impose une courbe d’apprentissage qui peut, initialement, être associée à une morbidité plus élevée. Pour limiter l’impact de cet apprentissage, une formation préclinique par simulation peut être proposée. Le but du travail est d’évaluer le réalisme d’un nouveau modèle cadavérique d’enseignement par simulation de la chirurgie bariatrique.
Arranging matter by magnetic nanoparticle assemblers (2005)

We introduce a method for transporting colloidal particles, large molecules, cells, and other materials across surfaces and for assembling them into highly regular patterns. In this method, nonmagnetic materials are manipulated by a fluid dispersion of magnetic nanoparticles. Manipulation of materials is guided by a program of magnetic information stored in a substrate. Dynamic control over the motion of nonmagnetic particles can be achieved by reprogramming the substrate magnetization on the fly. The unexpectedly large degree of control over particle motion can be used to manipulate large ensembles of particles in parallel, potentially with local control over particle trajectory.
Multi-Parametric Profiling Network Based on Gene Expression and Phenotype Data: A Novel Approach to Developmental Neurotoxicity Testing (2011)

The establishment of more efficient approaches for developmental neurotoxicity testing (DNT) has been an emerging issue for children's environmental health. Here we describe a systematic approach for DNT using the neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) as a model of fetal programming. During embryoid body (EB) formation, mESCs were exposed to 12 chemicals for 24 h and then global gene expression profiling was performed using whole genome microarray analysis. Gene expression signatures for seven kinds of gene sets related to neuronal development and neuronal diseases were selected for further analysis. At the later stages of neuronal cell differentiation from EBs, neuronal phenotypic parameters were determined using a high-content image analyzer. Bayesian network analysis was then performed based on global gene expression and neuronal phenotypic data to generate comprehensive networks with a linkage between early events and later effects. Furthermore, the probability distribution values for the strength of the linkage between parameters in each network was calculated and then used in principal component analysis. The characterization of chemicals according to their neurotoxic potential reveals that the multi-parametric analysis based on phenotype and gene expression profiling during neuronal differentiation of mESCs can provide a useful tool to monitor fetal programming and to predict developmentally neurotoxic compounds.
Managing therapy and adverse effects with antihyperglycemic agents: a focus on metformin and acarbose. (1997)

Metformin and acarbose are novel antihyperglycemic agents indicated for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These agents offer new therapeutic options to control hyperglycemia that were previously unavailable. Common to both agents is a relatively high incidence of gastrointestinal adverse effects. Initiating therapy at a low dose and slowly titrating to therapeutic response may be the most effective way to minimize associated adverse effects. Recognition and proper management of these possible adverse effects can optimize therapy and maximize the potential for successful outcomes with these agents while limiting drug noncompliance.
Analysis and Mitigation of Interference to the LTE Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (2014)

In LTE, the Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) is a downlink control channel that indicates the number of OFDM symbols used by the primary downlink control channel in each sub frame. Even though the PCFICH only carries two bits of control information, it is essential to the operation of LTE. Since the PCFICH is a vital physical channel that only occupies a small fraction of the downlink signal, it acts as a weak link in terms of vulnerability to targeted interference. Due to recent interest in using LTE for military and public safety applications, it would be beneficial to better understand this vulnerability. This paper investigates the performance of the PCFICH under various harsh wireless conditions and proposes strategies to prevent interference against the PCFICH from causing link degradation.
Increased Bone Turnover in Prepubertal, Pubertal, and Postpubertal Patients Receiving Carbamazepine (2002)

CBZ induces an increase of bone formation and of bone resorption that seems to be independent of the pubertal stage.
A New Approach to Integrating Engine Performance and Component Design Analysis Through Simulation (1988)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The development of I.C. engines is a sophisticated process bringing together a multitude of specialists. It is important that all of these specialists work together as a team and communicate effectively. One tool of communication can be an integrated engineering software package that simulates many of the important facets of engine operation, and describes their essential interactions. Then, if changes are made in one part of the hardware or in operating conditions, their effects on other components of the system can be assessed. This paper describes initial efforts made in that direction through the development of a comprehensive engine simulation code, IRIS, which permits a coupled analysis of engine performance and component thermal and structural state.&lt;/div&gt;
Enhancing Security Event Management Systems with Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (2013)

Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems are today a key component of complex enterprise networks. They usually aggregate and correlate events from different machines and perform a rule-based analysis to detect threats. In this paper we present an enhancement of such systems which makes use of unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms without the need for any prior training of the system. For data acquisition, events are exported from an existing SIEM appliance, parsed, unified and preprocessed to fit the requirements of unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms. Six different algorithms are evaluated qualitatively and finally a global k-NN approach was selected for a practical deployment. The new system was able to detect misconfigurations and gave the security operation center team more insight about processes in the
Distinct actions of the fermented beverage kefir on host behaviour, immunity and microbiome gut-brain modules in the mouse (2020)

Altogether, these data show that kefir can signal through the microbiota-gut-immune-brain axis and modulate host behaviour. In addition, different kefirs may direct the microbiota toward distinct immunological and behavioural modulatory effects. These results indicate that kefir can positively modulate specific aspects of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and support the broadening of the definition of psychobiotic to include kefir fermented foods. Video abstract.
INSPEX: Make environment perception available as a portable system (2019)

Obstacle avoidance systems for autonomous vehicles combine multiple sensing technologies (i.e. LiDAR, Radar, Ultrasound and Visual) to detect different types of obstacles across the full range of lighting and weather conditions. Sensor data are fused with vehicle orientation (obtained for instance from an Inertial Measurement Unit and/or compass) and navigation subsystems. Power hungry, they require powerful computational capability, which limits their use to high-end vehicles and robots.