gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Handbook of Porphyrin Science (2011)

Volumes in Preparation (Volume 31 - 35): Bioinspired Systems Applications II Electrochemistry Solar Fuels Materials.
The American Society of Hematology 2011 evidence-based practice guideline for immune thrombocytopenia (2011)

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is commonly encountered in clinical practice. In 1996 the American Society of Hematology published a landmark guidance paper designed to assist clinicians in the management of this disorder. Since 1996 there have been numerous advances in the management of both adult and pediatric ITP. These changes mandated an update in the guidelines. This guideline uses a rigorous, evidence-based approach to the location, interpretation, and presentation of the available evidence. We have endeavored to identify, abstract, and present all available methodologically rigorous data informing the treatment of ITP. We provide evidence-based treatment recommendations using the GRADE system in those areas in which such evidence exists. We do not provide evidence in those areas in which evidence is lacking, or is of lower quality--interested readers are referred to a number of recent, consensus-based recommendations for expert opinion in these clinical areas. Our review identified the need for additional studies in many key areas of the therapy of ITP such as comparative studies of "front-line" therapy for ITP, the management of serious bleeding in patients with ITP, and studies that will provide guidance about which therapy should be used as salvage therapy for patients after failure of a first-line intervention.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pip2p–Oaf1p regulates PEX25 transcription through an adenine‐less ORE (2003)

The role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pip2p-Oaf1p transcription factor was examined in reference to the regulation of the peroxin gene PEX25 involved in peroxisome proliferation. The PEX25 promoter contains an oleate response element (ORE)-like sequence comprising a CGG palindrome lacking a canonical adenine, which is considered critical for element function and Pip2p-Oaf1p binding. Pex25p levels were higher in wild-type cells grown on oleic acid medium than in those grown on ethanol, but this induction was abolished in cells devoid of Pip2p-Oaf1p. Studies based on lacZ reporter genes and in vitro protein-DNA interactions revealed that the PEX25 ORE could bind Pip2p-Oaf1p and confer activation on a basal promoter. These findings reinforced the central role played by Pip2p-Oaf1p in regulating peroxisome proliferation. We also investigated whether Pip2p-Oaf1p is important for regulating genes encoding peroxins involved in protein import into the peroxisomal matrix. Pip2p-Oaf1p was able to bind efficiently to the PEX5 ORE but not to an ORE-like CGG palindrome in the PEX14 promoter. However, immunoblotting revealed that both Pex5p and Pex14p (as well as Pex7p and Pex13p) were not more abundant in cells grown on oleic acid medium compared with ethanol. These data on a functional, adenine-less, PEX25 ORE and a nonfunctional N13-spaced ORE-like sequence in the PEX14 promoter capable of binding Pip2p-Oaf1p prompts readjustment of the ORE consensus to comprise CGGN3TNA/(R)N8-12CCG.
Emergence of foveal image sampling from learning to attend in visual scenes (2016)

We describe a neural attention model with a learnable retinal sampling lattice. The model is trained on a visual search task requiring the classification of an object embedded in a visual scene amidst background distractors using the smallest number of fixations. We explore the tiling properties that emerge in the model's retinal sampling lattice after training. Specifically, we show that this lattice resembles the eccentricity dependent sampling lattice of the primate retina, with a high resolution region in the fovea surrounded by a low resolution periphery. Furthermore, we find conditions where these emergent properties are amplified or eliminated providing clues to their function.
Direct reconstruction of kinetic parameter images in fluorescence optical diffusion tomography (2005)

We present a technique for reconstructing the spatially dependent dynamics of a fluorescent contrast agent in turbid media. The dynamic behavior is described by linear and nonlinear parameters of a compartmental model. The method extends our previous work in fluorescence optical diffusion tomography by parametrically reconstructing the time dependent fluorescent yield. The reconstruction uses a Bayesian framework and an efficient, nonlinear, single-site update scheme closely related to Gauss-Seidel methods, which we call parametric ICD or PICD. We demonstrate the method with a simulation study, and show that it can distinguish between objects with different uptake rates with high contrast.
Contactless decontamination of hair samples: cannabinoids (2016)

Room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) have already been shown to provide efficient extraction media for several systems, and to capture volatile compounds, namely opiates. In this work, a novel, contactless, artefact-free extraction procedure for the removal of Δ<sup>9</sup> -tetrahrydrocannabinol (THC) from the surface of human hair is presented. To prepare in vitro cannabinoids-contaminated hair, samples were flushed with hashish smoke for 7 h. The decontamination experiments were carried at 100 °C for 24 h, according to the procedure previously described. Fifty-three ILs were screened and presented decontamination efficiencies ranging from 0 to 96 %. Although the majority of the ILs presented efficiencies above 90%, the 1-ethanol-3-methyl tetrafluoroborate (96%) was chosen for further process optimization. The Design of Experiments results demonstrated that all studied variables were significant for the process and the obtained optimum conditions were: 100 °C, 13 h and 175 mg of IL. In the work of Perrotin-Brunel et al. (J. Mol. Struct. 2011, 987, 67), it is demonstrated that, at 100 °C, full conversion of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) into THC is obtained after 60 min. Since our decontamination takes place over 13 h at 100 °C, full conversion of THCA into THC is expected. Additionally, our method was compared with the method proposed by Cairns et al. (Forensic Sci. Int. 2004, 145, 97), through the analysis of 15 in vitro contaminated hair samples. The results demonstrated that with our method a mean extraction efficiency of 11 % higher was obtained. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noise Level and Perception of the Closing Click After Heart Valve Replacement with St. Jude Medical and Björk Shiley Monostrut Prostheses (1990)

The metallic click generated by the closure of mechanical heart valve prostheses may severely bother patients, but generated sound energy and the extent of complaints after implantation are not known. In 62 patients, after valve replacement with St. Jude Medical (SJM) (n = 35) and Björk Shiley Monostrut (BSM) (n = 27) prostheses, sound energy was recorded with a calibrated noise level analyzer at 5, 10, and 100 cm distance from patients and correlated with their complaints. At a distance of 100 cm, the BSM valves produced a significantly higher sound pressure level, 30.5 +/- 5 db(A), compared to the SJM valves, 24.1 +/- 4 db(A) (p = 0.0001). There was no significant difference at shorter distances. After splitting into frequency bands the highest sound pressure levels were observed in the high frequency ranges (8 to 16 kHz) representing the metallic click. BSM valves produced higher sound levels in all frequency ranges at 1 m distance. Seventy-three percent of all patients were aware of the noise generated by the valve; 20% had disturbed sleep; and 26% preferred a less noisy valve type. Twelve of 27 patients with BSM valves wanted less noisy valves, whereas only 4 of 35 patients with SJM valves wished to have a less noisy valve type (Chi-square p = 0.003). In patients who could hear their valve measured, sound level was higher than in patients who could not. In 9 of 27 patients with BSM (33%), versus 3 of 35 with SJM prostheses (9%), the clicking caused sleep disturbances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A novel three-biomarker signature (CA-62, CEA, CYFRA 21-1) and early-stage NSC lung cancer detection. (2023)

3038 Background: A double-blind clinical study was conducted on 304 clinically verified blood serum samples, including 141 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 133 healthy volunteers and 30 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objectives of the study were: The assessment of various cancer markers and their possible combinations for detection of early (I-II) stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and evaluation of the best cancer markers panel as a pre-screening tool for NSCLC before Low-Dose CT scan. Methods: Quantitative measurement of various tumor markers for serum samples was carried out using electrochemiluminescent immunoassays Elecsys CA-125, ELECSYS CA 19-9, ELECSYS CYFRA 21-1 and ELECSYS SCC (COBAS, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Germany, EU), enzyme immunoassay CA15-3-ELISA-BEST, CEA-ELISA-BEST, NSE-ELISA-BEST (JSC "VECTOR-BEST", RF) and immunochemiluminescent analysis CLIA-CA-62 (LLC "JVS Diagnostics", RF). The results were compared to the literature data for other biomarkers and their panels. Results: Unlike other tumor markers, which are expressed proportionally to tumor size, the marker for epithelial carcinomas CA-62 is expressed from Stage I and demonstrated the highest diagnostic results in detecting early stages (I-II) of NSCLC. The biomarkers CYFRA 21-1 and SCC do not have sufficient sensitivity and specificity to diagnose asymptomatic lung cancer. However, the addition of cytokeratin 19 CYFRA 21-1 to glycoproteins CA-62 and CEA increases the specificity by eliminating false positive results, which significantly improves the diagnostic value of the cancer marker signature (CA-62, CEA and CYFRA 21-1): 100% Specificity, 93% Sensitivity, 100% PPV, 94% NPV and 94% test accuracy. Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrated that using the biomarkers signature (CA-62, CEA and CYFRA 21-1) allows increasing the specificity of CT scan for patients with suspicious abnormalities on the tomogram, improving the interpretation of visualized localized lesion, and improving the accuracy of differential diagnosis at detecting early stages of LC up to 94%. In the prospective, adding cancer markers panel signature (CA-62, CEA and CYFRA 21-1) to the current lung cancer risk assessment system as a pre-screening tool for LDCT may improve the quality of early-stage Lung cancer detection by significant increasing the sensitivity and by reducing the proportion of false positive results. [Table: see text]
Variability of cell wall recalcitrance and composition in genotypes of Miscanthus from different genetic groups and geographical origin (2023)

<i>Miscanthus</i> is a promising crop for bioenergy and biorefining in Europe. The improvement of <i>Miscanthus</i> as a crop relies on the creation of new varieties through the hybridization of germplasm collected in the wild with genetic variation and suitable characteristics in terms of resilience, yield and quality of the biomass. Local adaptation has likely shaped genetic variation for these characteristics and is therefore important to quantify. A key biomass quality parameter for biorefining is the ease of conversion of cell wall polysaccharides to monomeric sugars. Thus far, the variability of cell wall related traits in <i>Miscanthus</i> has mostly been explored in accessions from limited genetic backgrounds. Here we analysed the soil and climatic conditions of the original collection sites of 592 <i>Miscanthus</i> genotypes, which form eight distinct genetic groups based on discriminant analysis of principal components of 25,014 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Our results show that species of the genus <i>Miscanthus</i> grow naturally across a range of soil and climate conditions. Based on a detailed analysis of 49 representative genotypes, we report generally minor differences in cell wall characteristics between different genetic groups and high levels of genetic variation within groups, with less investigated species like <i>M. floridulus</i> showing lower recalcitrance compared to the other genetic groups. The results emphasize that both inter- and intra- specific variation in cell wall characteristics and biomass recalcitrance can be used effectively in <i>Miscanthus</i> breeding programmes, while also reinforcing the importance of considering biomass yield when quantifying overall conversion efficiency. Thus, in addition to reflecting the complexity of the interactions between compositional and structural cell wall features and cell wall recalcitrance to sugar release, our results point to traits that could potentially require attention in breeding programmes targeted at improving the <i>Miscanthus</i> biomass crop.
Abstract 6083: Sex Differences in 1-Year Mortality Following Acute Coronary Syndromes (2008)

Background : There is conflicting information whether sex modulates mortality following acute coronary syndromes (ACS). We investigated the relationships between sex, other clinical characteristics and 1-year mortality across the spectrum of ACS using a large database. Methods : Data from 6 ACS trials encompassing 1993 to 2006 were pooled. Of 81,010 patients, 21,409 (26%) were women. The ACS spectrum included 57,113 (24% women) STEMI, 13,376 (29% women) NSTEMI and 10,523 (39% women) unstable angina (UA). We compared 1-year mortality of women versus men in those surviving at least 30 days post ACS after multivariable adjustment using previously validated STEMI and NSTEMI/UA mortality models and coronary anatomy, Results : In the combined ACS population, women had higher unadjusted risk (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.16 –1.36) compared with men. A significant interaction between sex and type of ACS was detected (P&lt;0.001). Women had an increased unadjusted 1-year mortality risk in STEMI (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.30 –1.58) and NSTEMI (HR 1.17, 95% CI 0.98 –1.39) but a decreased risk in UA (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.69 –1.02) compared with men. After adjustment for baseline characteristics (age, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, weight, race, Killip class, smoking status, and history of diabetes, heart failure, myocardial infarction or bypass surgery) women had a lower risk of 1-year mortality for each type of ACS (STEMI, HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77– 0.96; NSTEMI, HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67– 0.97; and UA, HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53– 0.79). After further adjustment for in-hospital procedures and coronary anatomy, hazard ratios were unchanged and mortality at 1-year remained lower for women in all ACS types. Conclusions : Sex-based differences exist in unadjusted 1-year mortality following ACS and vary by type of clinical syndrome. Adjustment for baseline differences, in-hospital procedures and coronary anatomy reveal that women are actually at lower risk for 1-year mortality compared with men across the spectrum of ACS.
Effect of steam on high temperature oxidation behaviour of alumina-forming alloys (2015)

Alternative light water reactor fuel cladding materials are being investigated to replace Zircaloy for enhanced accident tolerance, which involves oxidation resistance to steam environments at ≧1200°C for short times. As chromia-forming alloys and Ni-containing alloys are both undesirable for this application, the focus has been on FeCrAl, although NiAl was used to evaluate the effect of steam oxidation at 1600°C for this study. For commercial and model FeCrAlY alloys, a critical Cr–Al composition was identified for 1 bar isothermal steam (100% H2O) oxidation resistance at 1200°C, which differed for exposures in Ar–50%H2O at the same temperature. Alloys with lower Cr and Al contents were not able to form a protective alumina scale under these conditions. To simulate the accident scenario, exposures were also conducted in steam with the temperature rising 5°C min−1 to 1500°C for the most oxidation resistant alloys. Using thermogravimetry, the maximum use temperature for candidate alloys was determined for different Cr and Al contents. Minor additions such as Y and Ti appeared to be beneficial for oxidation resistance. Similar to prior studies, alumina scales formed in air and in steam appeared to have only subtle differences in microstructure.
Epidemiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie erwachsener Patienten mit nosokomialer Pneumonie (2012)

Nosocomial pneumonia (HAP) is a frequent complication of hospital care. Most data are available on ventilator-associated pneumonia. However infections on general wards are also increasing. A central issue are infections with multi drug resistant (MDR) pathogens which are difficult to treat particularly in the empirical setting potentially leading to inappropriate use of antimicrobial therapy. This guideline was compiled by an interdisciplinary group on the basis of a systematic literature review. Recommendations are made according to GRADE giving guidance for the diagnosis and therapy of HAP on the basis of quality of evidence and benefit/risk ratio. The guideline has two parts. First an update on epidemiology, spectrum of pathogens and antiinfectives is provided. In the second part recommendations for the management of diagnosis and treatment are given. Proper microbiologic work up is emphasized for knowledge of the local patterns of microbiology and drug susceptibility. Moreover this is the optimal basis for deescalation in the individual patient. The intensity of antimicrobial therapy is guided by the risk of infections with MDR. Structured deescalation concepts and strict limitation of treatment duration should lead to reduced selection pressure.
New method to determine the true hardness of structural steels (2022)

The hardness of the material hardened in the zone of penetration of the indenter is recorded by standard methods of measuring hardness. This disadvantage is the main reason for the appearance of the size effect (indentation size effect) and a decrease in the measurement accuracy. The aim of the work is to develop a mechanical method for determining the hardness of metals and alloys without taking into account hardening in the zone of penetration of the indenter. Based on the linear relationship between the hardness and the resistance to deformation of the material, a formula was obtained for determining the hardness without taking into account the effect of hardening in the indentation zone, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of mechanical methods for determining the hardness, expands their functionality and scope. The essence of the proposed method is illustrated by the example of determining the hardness of specimens made of steel 20, subjected to compression at various degrees of deformation. Compression test method was used to construct a hardening curve, which was used to determine the resistance to deformation of the material in the zone of penetration of the indenter and then the hardness of the material without taking into account the hardening in the zone of penetration of the indenter. The developed method for measuring the hardness of metals and alloys makes it possible to increase the accuracy of mechanical methods, to avoid the influence of the indentation size effect on the final result, and can be used to optimize the technologies for manufacturing parts.
Diminished muscle growth in the obese Zucker rat following overload is associated with hyperphosphorylation of AMPK and dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (2012)

Previous data have suggested that insulin-resistant skeletal muscle may exhibit a diminished ability to undergo hypertrophy and that this result may be mediated, at least in part, from decrements in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling (Katta A, Kundla S, Kakarla SK, Wu M, Fannin J, Paturi S, Liu H, Addagarla HS, Blough ER. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 299: R1666-R1675, 2010). Herein, we attempt to extend these observations by determining if this attenuation in muscle growth is associated with alterations in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, an upstream mediator of mTOR, and changes in the activation of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), which functions as an inhibitor of protein synthesis and potential mediator of protein degradation. Compared with that observed in lean Zucker (LZ) rats, the phosphorylation of AMPKα at Thr172 was higher after 3 wk of overload in the insulin-resistant obese Zucker (OZ) soleus (P < 0.05). This change in AMPKα phosphorylation was accompanied by increases in the amount of phosphorylated PKR (Thr446), elevations in the PKR-dependent phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-2α (Ser51), augmented p38 MAP kinase (Thr180/Tyr182) phosphorylation, and increases in the amount of protein ubiquitination (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that the diminished hypertrophic response we observe in the OZ rat may be mediated, at least in part, by the hyperactivation of AMPK- and PKR-related signaling.
Dynamic Characterization of Thin Film Magnetic Materials (2016)

A broadband dynamic method for characterizing thin film magnetic material is presented. The method is designed to extract the permeability and linewidth of thin magnetic films from measuring the reflection coefficient (S11) of a house-made and short-circuited strip line testing fixture with or without samples loaded. An adaptive de-embedding method is applied to remove the parasitic noise of the housing. The measurements were carried out with frequency up to 10GHz and biasing magnetic fields up to 600 Gauss. Particular measurement setup and 3-step experimental procedures are described in detail. The complex permeability of a 330nm thick continuous FeGaB, 435nm thick laminated FeGaB film and a 100nm thick NiFe film will be induced dynamically in frequency-biasing magnetic field spectra and compared with a theoretical model based on Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equations and eddy current theories. The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) phenomenon can be observed among these three magnetic materials investigated in this thesis.