gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A VLSI implementation of a reconfigurable rational filter (1998)

We propose an implementation of a reconfigurable system which exploits the features and the robustness of rational filters in order to accomplish various image processing tasks. This particular architecture is able to implement various different algorithms as noise-smoothing edge preserving filtering, interpolation, blocking artifacts removal. The architecture is structured as a bit-level pipeline and can work at frequency of 200 MHz, maintaining a quite small size of 7/spl times/5 mm/sup 2/.
Modulation of temporal dynamics of gene transcription by activator potency in theDrosophilaembryo (2015)

The Drosophila embryo at the mid-blastula transition (MBT) concurrently experiences a receding first wave of zygotic transcription and the surge of a massive second wave. It is not well understood how genes in the first wave become turned off transcriptionally and how their precise timing may impact embryonic development. Here we perturb the timing of the shutdown of Bicoid (Bcd)-dependent hunchback (hb) transcription in the embryo through the use of a Bcd mutant that has heightened activating potency. A delayed shutdown specifically increases Bcd-activated hb levels, and this alters spatial characteristics of the patterning outcome and causes developmental defects. Our study thus documents a specific participation of maternal activator input strength in the timing of molecular events in precise accordance with MBT morphological progression.
Towards a Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Based System for Decision Support to Minimize Financial Default in Banking Sector (2018)

The recent global financial economic crisis led to the collapse of several companies from all over the world. This created the need for powerful frameworks which can predict and reduce the potential risks in financial applications. Such frameworks help organizations to enhance their services quality and productivity as well as reducing the financial risk. The widely used techniques to build predictive models in the financial sector are based on statistical regression which are deployed in many financial applications such as risk forecasting, customers’ loan default and fraud detection. However, in the last few years the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques has increased in many financial institutions because they can provide powerful predictive models. However, the vast majority of the existing AI techniques employ black box models like Support Vector Machine (SVMs) and Neural Network (NNs) which are not able to give clear and transparent reasoning to explain the extracted decision. However nowadays crystal transparent reasoning models is highly needed. This paper explains our work in progress to develop a novel Genetic Type-2 Fuzzy Logic model for decision support to minimize financial default in the banking sector. The proposed system will use evolutionary computing in order to gain the ability to optimize the huge number of rules which are expected to be generated by the type-2 fuzzy inference engine and summarize them in rational number of rules which can provide powerful performance and crystal transparent reasoning model.
Photoinduced Hydrogen Production from Sucrose with the Combination System of Water-soluble Zinc Porphyrin and Enzymes (2002)

Abstract Photoinduced hydrogen production from sucrose as an electron-donating reagent has been investigated. When the sample solution containing sucrose, invertase, glucose dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucreotide (NAD+), zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate (ZnTPPS), methylviologen and colloidal platinum was irradiated, continuous hydrogen production was observed.
An assessment of reduced crew and single pilot operations in commercial transport aircraft operations (2017)

Future reduced crew operations or even single pilot operations for commercial airline and on-demand mobility applications are an active area of research. These changes would reduce the human element and thus, threaten the precept that “a well-trained and well-qualified pilot is the critical center point of aircraft systems safety and an integral safety component of the entire commercial aviation system.” NASA recently completed a pilot-in-the-loop high fidelity motion simulation study in partnership with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) attempting to quantify the pilot's contribution to flight safety during normal flight and in response to aircraft system failures. Crew complement was used as the experiment independent variable in a between-subjects design. These data show significant increases in workload for single pilot operations, compared to two-crew, with subjective assessments of safety and performance being significantly degraded as well. Nonetheless, in all cases, the pilots were able to overcome the failure mode effects in all crew configurations. These data reflect current-day flight deck equipage and help identify the technologies that may improve two-crew operations and/or possibly enable future reduced crew and/or single pilot operations.
Deep Neural Maps (2018)

We introduce a new unsupervised representation learning and visualization using deep convolutional networks and self organizing maps called Deep Neural Maps (DNM). DNM jointly learns an embedding of the input data and a mapping from the embedding space to a two-dimensional lattice. We compare visualizations of DNM with those of t-SNE and LLE on the MNIST and COIL-20 data sets. Our experiments show that the DNM can learn efficient representations of the input data, which reflects characteristics of each class. This is shown via back-projecting the neurons of the map on the data space.
Effect of a Gradient in Viscoelastic Properties on the Debonding Mechanisms of Soft Adhesives (2007)

The effect of a composition gradient along the thickness in soft adhesive films was investigated. The adhesion properties of bilayer films made from acrylic solutions, one layer being more cohesive and the other more dissipative, were studied by performing probe tack experiments. To understand the mechanisms that determine the bulk and the interfacial contributions to the debonding, tests on different surfaces were carried out. The results show that the presence of a composition gradient can enhance the adhesive properties, particularly on a low-energy surface such as polyethylene. On steel, the presence of the thin layer of a more elastic adhesive in contact with the adherent can influence significantly the debonding mechanism, transforming the fracture from cohesive to adhesive.
Within-session verbal learning slope is predictive of lifespan delayed recall, hippocampal volume, and memory training benefit, and is heritable (2020)

Memory performance results from plasticity, the ability to change with experience. We show that benefit from practice over a few trials, learning slope, is predictive of long-term recall and hippocampal volume across a broad age range and a long period of time, relates to memory training benefit, and is heritable. First, in a healthy lifespan sample (n = 1825, age 4-93 years), comprising 3483 occasions of combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and memory tests over a period of up to 11 years, learning slope across 5 trials was uniquely related to performance on a delayed free recall test, as well as hippocampal volume, independent from first trial memory or total memory performance across the five learning trials. Second, learning slope was predictive of benefit from memory training across ten weeks in an experimental subsample of adults (n = 155). Finally, in an independent sample of male twins (n = 1240, age 51-50 years), learning slope showed significant heritability. Within-session learning slope may be a useful marker beyond performance per se, being heritable and having unique predictive value for long-term memory function, hippocampal volume and training benefit across the human lifespan.
A Bordetella pertussis acellular vaccine candidate: antigenic characterization and antibody induction. (1994)

A single-step chromatography on Matrex-Gel Blue A has been employed to obtain soluble extracts containing some of the most important antigens of Bordetella pertussis, pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (69-kDa outer membrane protein), fimbriae (FIM2 and FIM3) and adenylate cyclase (AC). Two supernatants, P19 (48.8 mg PT, 6.8 mg FHA, 17.3 mg AC, 13 mg FIM2 and 4.9 mg FIM3 per liter) and P21 (0.1 mg PT, 0.07 mg FHA, 0.46 mg FIM2 and 0.94 mg FIM3 per liter), resulting from bacteria grown in Stainer-Scholte medium, were submitted to chromatography. Fractions with the antigens were obtained after stepwise elution with 60 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.0; 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4; 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4/0.75 M MgCl2; 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4/4 M MgCl2 and 4 M urea. Preparations from P19 (containing 4.05 micrograms PT, 8.14 micrograms FHA, 6.3 micrograms AC, 3.37 micrograms 69-kDa, 9.54 micrograms FIM2 and 2.23 micrograms FIM3) and from P21 (with 0.175 micrograms PT, 0.28 micrograms FHA, 0.002 micrograms 69-kDa, 0.005 micrograms FIM2 and 0.122 micrograms FIM3) were detoxified with glutaraldehyde and tested as an acellular pertussis vaccine. These products were non-toxic for mice and induced high levels of antibodies against purified pertussis antigens, as judged by ELISA.
The Influence of Cigarette Designs and Smoking Regimes on Vapour Phase Yields (2010)

Abstract Cigarettes with similar design features but with either cellulose acetate or dual carbon filters were made at 1-mg and 13-mg “tar” levels, as determined under the ISO smoking procedure. Products were smoked under the ISO, Massachusetts and Canadian smoking regimes to provide per-cigarette and per-puff yields of twelve vapour phase (VP) smoke components. The yields generated at the lit end of the cigarette and the significant yield reductions caused by filter ventilation, selective (carbon) adsorption, tobacco rod ventilation and diffusion were estimated in a modelling approach. For a “1-mg tar” carbon-filtered product it was estimated that the VP generated at the lit end was reduced by 99.4% to a machine yield of 17 µg/cig under ISO smoking conditions. Under the Canadian regime with 100% vent blocking, the estimated total VP was lowered 20% by tobacco rod effects and 15% by carbon filter adsorption giving a machine yield of 3487 µg/cig. The carbon filter adsorbed less efficiently partly due to the artificially high smoke temperatures through the filter that would probably not be tolerated by human smokers. Under the Massachusetts regime with 50% vent blocking, conditions better associated with human smoking, the total VP was lowered 51% by filter ventilation, 22% by tobacco rod effects and 17% by carbon filter adsorption giving a machine yield of 659 µg/cig. Ventilation is used to achieve “tar”/nicotine/carbon monoxide yield ceilings at 10/1/10 mg based on the current ISO smoking method. If future regulations were to mandate further reductions in VP then this will only be selectively achieved by increasing filter or tobacco rod ventilation/porosity or by using selective adsorption. It is inevitable that manufacturers will need to add further ventilation into their product to comply with such regulations and this should be reflected in any smoking regime. Furthermore, regimes with 100% vent blocking, that do not produce data reflecting the significant reductions in VP yields, provided to the smoker by ventilation, are misleading and their results will not correlate with relevant biomarker data. When proposing a different smoking regime, it is essential to understand the generation and transfer of smoke within cigarettes and factors involved in the subsequent data interpretation as described in this work. For regulatory evaluation purposes, cigarette characterisation using a regime that removes ventilation, one of the main design tools, is more misleading than the current ISO regime or one with partial vent blocking.
Development of the osteoblast phenotype: molecular mechanisms mediating osteoblast growth and differentiation. (1995)

The formation of bone tissue involves multiple activities of the osteoblast. The combined application of molecular, biochemical, histochemical and ultrastructural approaches has defined stages in the development of the osteoblast phenotype with each subpopulation of cells exhibiting unique morphologic and functional properties in relation to the ordered deposition of the mineralized bone extracellular matrix (ECM). Peak levels of expressed genes reflect a maturational sequence of osteoblast growth and differentiation characterized by three principal periods: proliferation, ECM maturation and mineralization. A plethora of new information in the past several years provides the basis for insight into molecular mechanisms regulating the development and activities of differentiating osteoblasts. These new concepts will be discussed within the context of understanding cellular responses of bone tissue. To be considered are the following: 1) maturational stages of the osteoblast reflected by the selective expression of transcription factors (e.g., oncogenes, cyclins, homeodomain proteins) and phenotypic genes that provide signals for differentiation through the osteoblast lineage; 2) role of the extracellular matrix in mediating osteoblast growth and differentiation; 3) osteoblast stage specific responses to physiologic mediators (e.g., growth factors and hormones); 4) the developmentally regulated expression and selective responses of osteoblast phenotypic genes are supported by cooperative, synergistic and/or antagonistic activities at multiple basal and enhancer or suppressor sequences in gene promoters; and 5) deregulation of these control mechanisms in transformed osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells.
Quality Control in Combinatorial Chemistry:  Determination of the Quantity, Purity, and Quantitative Purity of Compounds in Combinatorial Libraries (2003)

The quality of combinatorial libraries determines the success of biological screening in drug discovery programs. In this paper, we evaluate and compare various methods for measuring identity, purity, and quantity (yield) of combinatorial libraries. Determination of quantitative purity reveals the true library quality and often indicates potential quality problems before full-scale library production. The relative purity can be determined for every member in a large library in a high-throughput mode, but must be cautiously interpreted. In particular, many impurities are not observable by relative purity measurements using detectors such as UV(214), UV(254), and evaporative light-scattering detection. These "invisible" impurities may constitute a significant portion of the sample weight. We found that TFA, plastic extracts, inorganic compounds, and resin washout are among these impurities. With compelling evidence, we reach a conclusion that purification is the only way to remove "invisible" impurities and improve the quantitative purity of any compound even though some compounds may have a high relative purity before purification.
Genetic analysis argues for a coactivator function for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tup1 corepressor (2021)

Abstract The Tup1-Cyc8 corepressor complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is recruited to promoters by DNA-binding proteins to repress transcription of genes, including the a-specific mating-type genes. We report here a tup1(S649F) mutant that displays mating irregularities and an α-predominant growth defect. RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq were used to analyze gene expression and Tup1 occupancy changes in mutant vs wild type in both a and α cells. Increased Tup1(S649F) occupancy tended to occur upstream of upregulated genes, whereas locations with decreased occupancy usually did not show changes in gene expression, suggesting this mutant not only loses corepressor function but also behaves as a coactivator. Based upon studies demonstrating a dual role of Tup1 in both repression and activation, we postulate that the coactivator function of Tup1(S649F) results from diminished interaction with repressor proteins, including α2. We also found that large changes in mating-type-specific gene expression between a and α or between mutant and wild type were not easily explained by the range of Tup1 occupancy levels within their promoters, as predicted by the classic model of a-specific gene repression by Tup1. Most surprisingly, we observed Tup1 occupancy upstream of the a-specific gene MFA2 and the α-specific gene MF(ALPHA)1 in cells in which each gene was expressed rather than repressed. These results, combined with the identification of additional mating-related genes upregulated in the tup1(S649F) α strain, illustrate that the role of Tup1 in distinguishing mating types in yeast appears to be both more comprehensive and more nuanced than previously appreciated.
Power control and beamforming for systems with multiple transmit and receive antennas (2002)

This paper investigates the performance of narrowband, slowly fading, and delay-limited multiple-antenna systems where channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmission end. This situation can arise in time-division duplex (TDD) based two-way systems where channel state estimation can be performed using the signal received from the opposite link. Power control methods which attempt to keep the transmission rate constant at the expense of randomizing the transmit power are considered. It is shown that significant savings in average transmit power (sometimes on the order of tens of decibels) can be expected compared to systems which keep the total transmit power constant. Several practical channel coding examples using are illustrated and their bit and frame error rate performance are discussed.
Synthesis of a New Turn Mimic Bearing a β-Lactam Moiety (2002)

A new turn mimic derived from PLG (prolyl-leucyl-glycine amide) containing a β-lactam in the turn area has been prepared. The β-lactam moiety was furnished by treating an Fmoc-protected leucine-derived diazo ketone 2 with a benzylidene-protected glycine ester in a photochemically induced Staudinger-type reaction. The trans-substituted β-lactams 3a/b are formed in 70% yield (dr 70:30). Separation of the isomers, deprotection and attachment of Fmoc-proline using the pentafluorphenyl ester activation protocol yielded the protected peptidomimetic 4 in 93% yield. Deprotection and amidation resulted in formation of the target substrate 1 in 82% yield but with a low purity. Better results were obtained using Nsc ({2-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]ethoxy}carbonyl) as protection for proline. It could be cleaved yielding a spectroscopically pure product 1 whose structure was elucidated by X-ray crystallographic analysis. It shows an open turn conformation, i.e., the turn is not stabilized by a hydrogen bond between the termini of the turn region. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
H&#x221E; Loop shaping control for PLL-based mechanical resonance tracking in NEMS resonant mass sensors (2008)

A simple dynamic detection of the resonance frequency shift in NEMS resonant mass sensors is described. This is done without the use of an external frequency sweep signal nor a frequency counter limiting the dynamic variation detection. Neither an amplitude control nor a phase switcher is required for maintaining the resonant oscillations. The sensor is driven directly by the VCOpsilas output for which the control signal is calculated by a robust Hinfin controller using loop-shaping method. Only the sensor and the VCOpsilas signals signs are detected and compared so that the controller regulates the phase difference between them, maintaining it at pi/2 which occurs on resonance frequency. The measurement issue is transformed to a novel control problem that rejects the disturbance described by the resonance frequency shift, attenuates the phase noise and guarantees good stability margins.
Distant metastasis in patients with myxofibrosarcoma (2017)

Not only lung metastasis but also lymph node metastasis occurs frequently in myxofibrosarcoma patients. Myxofibrosarcoma with lung metastasis is more aggressive than the type with lymph node metastasis.
Triassic source rocks of the Eastern Ciscaucasia (2023)

Background. Triassic deposits of the Eastern Ciscaucasia belong to the upper part of the transient zone, which is considered promising for hydrocarbon exploration. The presence of numerous deposits, as well as non-commercial hydrocarbon flows in boreholes, indicate the existence of petroleum systems in this part of the section. However, issues related to the sources of hydrocarbons in the Triassic deposits still remain unresolved. Aim. To identify and study the possible source rocks for the Triassic deposits of the Eastern Ciscaucasia, as well as to assess their contribution to the hydrocarbon potential of the upper part of the transient zone. Materials and methods. Research materials involved all available geological, geophysical and geochemical data published on the section under study, as well as reports from the Russian Federation geological repository. The collected data were analyzed as part of the conducted basin analysis. Numerical basin modeling and paleogeographic reconstructions were performed. Results. The paleogeographic conditions of the Eastern Ciscaucasia and the adjacent areas of the Caspian Sea at the Triassic period were studied. The results of basin analysis were used to construct the distribution maps of Neftekumskaya, Kultaisko-Demyanovskaya and Kizlyarskaya source rocks and to assess their charging ability for Lower and Middle Triassic reservoirs. Conclusion. The conducted numerical modelling revealed several pods of still active source rocks in the Neftekumskaya, Kultaisko-Demyanovskaya and Kizlyarskaya sections. Lower Triassic reservoirs charged from both the Neftekumskaya and Kultaisko-Demyanovskaya source rocks, unlike Middle Triassic reservoirs that charged from the Kizlyarskaya source rocks. Thus, independent petroleum systems separated by the Anisian seal at the two stratigraphic levels in the Triassic part of the transitional complex of Eastern Ciscaucasia were identified.
Examination of optimized structures for a-Si:H based triple junction solar cells (2002)

We have examined a-Si:H based triple junction solar cells by using the AMPS computer program. We have found that, although the a-SiC:H material has wider band-gap, it does not yield better performance than a-Si:H absorber as the first absorber in the triple junctions because of the severely degraded material quality of today's a-SiC:H in the stabilized state. Moreover, for the stabilized state, we find that the optimized thickness distributions of a-Si:H based triple junctions are thinner than those determined in the annealed state. Our results for optimized stable efficiencies show that (1) with today's a-SiC:H materials, stabilized cell efficiencies can be better with a-Si:H top cells, (2) sub-cell layers need to be thinner than generation current matching would suggest, and (3) because of the need for thinner i-layers, the window losses become critical (to keep Jsc up).
Quenching of Nitric Oxide by an Oral Carbonaceous Adsorbent (1997)

The ability of carbonaceous particles (AST-120), originally developed as an enteral adsorbent of uremic toxins, to quench nitric oxide (NO) was tested. NO in solutions prepared by two methods [NO gas bubbling and NO generating system, i.e., decomposition of l-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-(aminopropyl)-3-isopropyl-1-triazene] were determined by a NO-specific reduction of carboxy-2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidaz-oline-l-oxyl-3-oxide using an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry. NO concentrations were less in samples containing increasing concentrations of AST-120. In a separate study, nitrite concentrations in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264 cells were significantly less in incubation medium containing AST-120. Thus, AST-120 may be applicable as an enteral anti-NO agent.