gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Chemistry of CF3C6F4OC6F4NH2 (RFNH2) and Pseudohalogen Derivatives; Crystal Structures of RFX (X = COOH, COCl, CN, N3, NCS, NHCOCONHRF) (2001)

The synthesis of the new perfluorinated 4-(4′-trifluoromethyl-tetrafluorophenoxy)-tetrafluoroaniline (RFNH2, 4) was accomplished via a 4-step route involving standard procedures: carboxylation of RFLi, chlorination of RFCOOH (1), amidation of RFCOCl (2) and Hofmann degradation of RFCONH2 (3). Diazotation and reaction with azide as well as treatment of 4 with acid chlorides produced the pseudohalides RFN3 (5), RFNCS (6) and RFNCO (7). The reaction with oxalyl chloride led to the formation of two products RFNHCOCOCl (8) and RFNHCOCONHRF (9). The thionyl imide RFNSO (10) is formed upon reaction with thionyl chloride. All products were identified and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The molecular structures of 1, 2, 5, 6, 9 and RFCN (3 a) have been determined by X-ray crystallography, among them the azide 5 and the isothiocyanate 6 as the first crystal structures of perfluorinated azides/isothiocyanates bound to carbon. Synthese und Chemie von CF3C6F4OC6F4NH2 (RFNH2) und Pseudohalogen Derivaten; Kristallstrukturen von RFX (X = COOH, COCl, CN, N3, NCS, NHCOCONHRF) Die Synthese des neuen perfluorierten 4-(4′-trifluoromethyl-tetrafluorophenoxy)-tetrafluoroanilins (RFNH2, 4) wurde mittels einer 4-Schritt-Standard-Route erreicht: Carboxylierung von RFLi, Chlorierung von RFCOOH (1), Amidierung von RFCOCl (2) und Hofmann-Abbau von RFCONH2 (3). Die Diazotierung und Reaktion mit Azid wie auch die Umsetzung von 4 mit Säurechloriden ergab die Pseudohalogen-Derivate RFN3 (5), RFNCS (6) und RFNCO (7). Die Reaktion mit Oxalylchlorid führte zu der Bildung von zwei Produkten: RFNHCOCOCl (8) und RFNHCOCONHRF (9). Das Thionylimid RFNSO (10) entstand aus der Umsetzung mit Thionylchlorid. Alle Produkte wurden mit spektroskopischen Methoden identifiziert und charakterisiert. Die molekularen Strukturen von 1, 2, 5, 6, 9 und RFCN (3 a) wurden bestimmt, von denen das Azid 5 und das Isothiocyanat 6 die ersten Kristallstrukturen von perfluorierten kohlenstoffgebundenen Aziden/Isothiocyanaten darstellen.
Coding and Standardization (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Basic Strategies for Coding Images and Video Coding Standards MPEG-4 — an Overview The MPEG 3DAV Activity Conclusion References
157 Diagnosis of Blockage Drainpipe (2011)

The problem that the drainpipe in the power plant get blocked occurs. The blockage part of pipe has been presumed based on the experience so far. However, it is impossible to detect the blockage part surely in conventional methods. In the present study, the new method is investigated,which is to detect the blockage of the drainpipe by the vibration analysis. The vibration measurement and the modal analysis are done in the present study. The natural mode, natural frequency, and the experimental modal damping ratio can be obtained by this experimental analysis. In this experiment, pipe and U bolt of actual piping system are used, and compound of clay and sawdust is used as blocker. As the experimental results, it has been understood that the modal damping ratio of the blockage drainpipe is larger than the modal damping ratio of normal drainpipe.
Chemical modification of nucleic acid components and transfer ribonucleic acid (1969)

Research Article| September 01 1969 Chemical modification of nucleic acid components and transfer ribonucleic acid B E Griffin B E Griffin 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1969) 114 (2): 31P. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1140031Pa Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation B E Griffin; Chemical modification of nucleic acid components and transfer ribonucleic acid. Biochem J 1 September 1969; 114 (2): 31P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1140031Pa Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1969 The Biochemical Society1969 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Development of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in large adenomatous hyperplasia after long-term follow-up: a case report. (2003)

This report describes a 63-year-old man with a large adenomatous hyperplasia that had been followed over 10 years without any apparent change of size or profile, but grew rapidly after completion of interferon therapy. This patient was a sustained responder, in whom serum alanine aminotransferase levels remained within the normal range and the serum hepatitis C virus-RNA level was undetectable after completion of interferon therapy. However, the tumors, located in segments 5 and 8 of the liver, which had both been followed as adenomatous hyperplasia, grew rapidly two months after completion of interferon therapy; imaging modalities revealed that the former was a typical hepatocellular carcinoma and the latter a large adenomatous hyperplasia. The patient underwent right paramedian sectoriectomy of the liver. Histological examination showed that the tumor in segment 8 had mosaic proliferation of hepatocytes without fibrosis, indicating adenomatous hyperplasia, in which a small focus of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma was present. This case suggests that even in sustained responders to interferon, administration of this drug cannot suppress malignant transformation of adenomatous hyperplasia to hepatocellular carcinoma. One year after surgery, the patient is doing well without signs of recurrence.
Myosin isoform expression and smooth muscle cell heterogeneity in normal and atherosclerotic rabbit aorta. (1990)

Two monoclonal antimyosin antibodies, Western blotting experiments, and immunofluorescence procedures were used to investigate myosin isoform expression in normal and atherosclerotic aortas of adult rabbits. The SM-E7 antibody reacted with the two myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms of smooth muscle (SM) type (SM-MHC-1 and SM-MHC-2) expressed in the adult rabbit aorta. The NM-G2 antibody recognized an epitope shared by the nonmuscle (NM) myosin heavy chains (NM-MHC) present in fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes, and platelets. Two smooth muscle cell (SMC) populations were identified in the medial layer of normal adult aorta, namely cells that contained SM myosin exclusively and cells that showed the coexistence of SM and NM myosin isoforms. The size of the cell population with double myosin isoform content increased markedly during experimental atherogenesis and represented by far the predominant SMC phenotype in the atherosclerotic plaque. Western blotting analysis performed on crude extracts from the atherosclerotic plaque showed the presence of SM-MHC-1 and NM-MHC isoforms in this tissue. Co-expression of SM and NM myosin at the molecular and the cellular level were found in aortic tissue during the early stages of development. These results indicate that in experimental atherosclerosis, the accumulation in the plaque of SMC with an "immature" pattern of myosin isoform expression is accompanied by similar modifications in the differentiation pattern of SMC of the underlying media.
LARN: Implementation of automatic navigation in indoor navigation for physically challenged (2012)

Mobility is one of the greatest challenges faced by elderly and physically challenged people. The immediate solution to their problem is powered wheelchairs with automatic navigation systems. However, effective low cost automatic navigation systems have not been developed and implemented. We propose a low cost navigation system which incorporates indoor automatic navigation system using LARN Algorithm, an implementation of Djikstra's Algorithm. This navigation system consists of a conventional powered wheelchair controlled by joystick, along with a processing system which maps and monitors the location of the wheelchair inside the house. The wheelchair system makes use of the LARN algorithm to traverse from anywhere inside a house to predefined locations within it. The LARN Algorithm measures the distance traversed by the wheelchair from the rotation of the wheelchair and the orientation angle with the help of a digital compass that is incorporated into the system.
Actuators based on pedot and PPy conducting polymer bilayers and trilayers (2007)

The demand for actuators based on conducting polymers is growing due to their highly desirable features such as large mechanical strength, high power density, sufficient maximum strain values, high reversibility and good safety properties. Many attempts have been made to improve the actuator performance. We report here some electromechanical measurements on actuators of bilayer and trilayer free standing films prepared with polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) conducting polymers. These multi layer films were prepared electrochemically so that the PEDOT layer is very thin compared to that of the PPy layer. The films were characterized electromechanically under constant load of 1.5 g. Results were compared with that of the PPy single layer film. Bilayer film shows a significant increase in the strain measured at higher scan rate ( > 100 mV s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ). The force generation between reduced and oxidized states is much higher for trilayer films and higher for bilayer films than that in a single layer of PPy. These differences are not linked to the Youngpsilas modulus of these films. The addition of a thin PEDOT does not change Youngpsilas modulus, but changes the force generation significantly.
Regulation and Modulation of Human DNA Polymerase δ Activity and Function (2017)

This review focuses on the regulation and modulation of human DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ). The emphasis is on the mechanisms that regulate the activity and properties of Pol δ in DNA repair and replication. The areas covered are the degradation of the p12 subunit of Pol δ, which converts it from a heterotetramer (Pol δ4) to a heterotrimer (Pol δ3), in response to DNA damage and also during the cell cycle. The biochemical mechanisms that lead to degradation of p12 are reviewed, as well as the properties of Pol δ4 and Pol δ3 that provide insights into their functions in DNA replication and repair. The second focus of the review involves the functions of two Pol δ binding proteins, polymerase delta interaction protein 46 (PDIP46) and polymerase delta interaction protein 38 (PDIP38), both of which are multi-functional proteins. PDIP46 is a novel activator of Pol δ4, and the impact of this function is discussed in relation to its potential roles in DNA replication. Several new models for the roles of Pol δ3 and Pol δ4 in leading and lagging strand DNA synthesis that integrate a role for PDIP46 are presented. PDIP38 has multiple cellular localizations including the mitochondria, the spliceosomes and the nucleus. It has been implicated in a number of cellular functions, including the regulation of specialized DNA polymerases, mitosis, the DNA damage response, mouse double minute 2 homolog (Mdm2) alternative splicing and the regulation of the NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4).
EFFECTS OF DIPHENHYDRAMINE IONTOPHORETICALLY APPLIED ONTO NEURONS IN THE MEDIAL AND LATERAL VESTIBULAR NUCLEI (1983)

Electrophysiological studies were carried out to elucidate the effects of diphenhydramine, an antihistamine (H1-receptor blocking) drug, on neuron activities in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) of cats using a microiontophoretic method. According to the firing pattern and latency of the first spike with vestibular nerve stimulation, neurons in the MVN and LVN were classified into two groups: monosynaptic and polysynaptic neurons. In the MVN, the spike generation of polysynaptic neurons was dose-dependently inhibited with the iontophoretic application of diphenhydramine up to 200 nA, and that of the monosynaptic neurons was also suppressed by the maximum dose of 200 nA. In contrast to the MVN neurons, the spike generation of LVN monosynaptic neurons remained unaffected with diphenhydramine up to 200 nA, although an inhibition of the LVN polysynaptic neurons wasobtained with 200 nA of the drug. These results suggest that small doses of diphenhydramine more selectively interfere with synaptic transmission in the MVN neuron than that in the LVN neuron.
Desalination of Water by using Superhydrophobic Fabric (2015)

In this study, superhydrophobic fabric is prepared with a wet-chemical coating technique that uses a coating solution synthesized by the co-hydrolysis and co-condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate and fluoroalkyl silane (tridecafluorooctyl triethoxysilane) under an alkaline condition. The treated fabric shows stable superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle as high as 171°, and a sliding angle as low as 2°. The coated fabric has higher repellency to saline water, and its repellency increases with increases in the salt content in the solution. The contact angle is reduced with increases in liquid temperature. When the water temperature is 90°C, the contact angle on the superhydrophobic fabric is 153°. The superhydrophobic treatment slightly reduces the air permeability, but increases the water vapor permeability of the fabric. The treatment considerably increases the liquid breakthrough pressure, but has little effect on fabric pore size and thermal conductivity. The air gap membrane distillation process is used to evaluate the desalination performance of the superhydrophobic fabric. When the feed and the condenser are kept at 90°C and 20°C, respectively, the membrane distillation (MD) system with the superhydrophobic fabric yields a permeate flux of water up to 13.8 kg m -2 hour -1 , which is slightly higher than that with the use of polymer and inorganic MD membranes reported. Superhydrophobic fabrics may thus be considered as effective MD membranes for water desalination applications.
Topic independent language model for key-phrase detection and verification (1999)

A topic independent lexical and language modeling for robust key-phrase detection and verification is presented. Instead of assuming a domain specific lexicon and language model, our model is designed to characterize filler phrases depending on the speaking-style, thus can be trained with large corpora of different topics but the same style. Mutual information criterion is used to select topic independent filler words and their N-gram model is used for verification of key-phrase hypotheses. A dialogue-style dependent filler model improves the key-phrase detection in different dialogue applications. A lecture-style dependent model is trained with transcriptions of various oral presentations by filtering out topic specific words. It performs much better verification of key-phrases uttered during lectures of different topics compared with the conventional syllable-based model and large vocabulary model.
IL-6 inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive review (2018)

Tocilizumab (TCZ) is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It was developed in 2008, and its effectiveness is supported by evidence from all over the world based on its first decade of use. Although the overall efficacy and safety profiles of TCZ are similar to those of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, TCZ displays certain differences. The most notable advantage of TCZ is its usefulness as a monotherapy. Additionally, TCZ is favorable in the improvement of systemic inflammatory symptoms such as anemia and fatigue. The low immunogenicity of TCZ contributes favorably to long-term drug retention. Due to frequent relapse after TCZ cessation, TCZ use should be tapered beyond remission. During TCZ therapy, C-reactive protein (CRP) is unable to recognize disease activity and the severity of infection. The most common adverse events (AEs) are infection and abnormalities in laboratory findings including dyslipidemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and abnormality of liver enzymes. TCZ obscures the symptoms of infection. Therefore, stealth infections without obvious CRP elevation can sometimes cause severe damage to patients. Lower intestinal perforation is an uncommon but serious AE in TCZ therapy. Further clinical investigations will continue to refine the IL-6 inhibitory strategy.
Wave Energy Harvester Using Tensile and Compressive Types of Flexible Piezoelectric Device (2013)

We have proposed a new type ocean energy harvester, Flexible Piezoelectric Device (FPED), consisting of piezoelectric film and elastic material. In our previous work, we have developed the panel type and roll type of FPED and we have also succeeded in generating electric power form wave, current, wind and several kinds of mechanical vibration. These electric power can be generated by bending stress of external force. In this study, to harvest wave power in shallow water region, we can make the most use of tensile and compressive stress caused by wave force. The tensile and compressible types of the FPED have been developed and we conducted some experiments. We confirmed that the new types can generate electric power and there are some key parameters for high performance of the FPED.
The measurement and sensing of water quality: a review (1990)

This paper presents a review of techniques and applications in the measurement and sensing of chemical species in the water and water-using industries. The needs of the market are reviewed and the solutions to measurement problems in the industries discussed.
Efficacy of Fenoxycarh Against Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and Its Persistence in the Laboratory and Field (1987)

Fenoxycarb is effective against susceptible and organophosphorus-resistant mosquitoes. When larvae are exposed, mortality occurs in the pupal stage or abnormal adults are formed. Most sensitive are fourth instars 19–27 h before pupation. A dosage of 0.02 kg/ha was effective for controlling larvae when applied by hand can or aircraft. Fenoxycarb is moderately stable in water over a pH range of 6.5–10 and a temperature range of 10–38°C. It tends to adsorb onto organic matter and this may largely limit its persistence in water in the fields. Residues in the water could only be detected up to 48 h after application of 0.03 or 0.02 kg/ha. Bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, accumulate a continuous dose of 1 ppm fenoxycarb from water ca. 20-fold into their tissue; however, the tissue residues decline quickly after the fish are placed in untreated rinse water.
Bilateral subdural haematomata and lumbar pseudomeningocele due to a chronic leakage of liquor cerebrospinalis after a lumbar discectomy with the application of ADCON-L gel (2005)

The anti-adhesion gel ADCON-L has been available since the end of the 1990s. During disc surgery it can be applied to the spinal nerve roots and the dura mater spinalis in order to inhibit fibroblast migration and thus avoid postoperative adhesions or excessive keloids, respectively. Due to the way ADCON-L works, inadvertent, intraoperational dural lesions may stay open much longer than usual because ADCON-L inhibits the natural healing process. Possible consequences are a chronic leakage of cerebrospinal fluid in combination with intracranial hypotension syndrome. We report on a patient who underwent lumbar disc surgery with application of ADCON-L gel. Postoperatively he suffered from acute headache, nausea, and vomiting. A lumbar pseudomeningocele was demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, cranial MRI revealed bilateral, chronic subdural haematomata which indicated intracranial hypotension syndrome or continuous leakage of cerebrospinal fluid at the lumbar site. With conservative treatment the problems were gradually reduced and eventually the subdural haematomata were no longer detected. The pseudomeningocele persisted over a 4 month period of observation. Because of the complications we found, the local application of ADCON-L during lumbar disc surgery should be critically evaluated.
Effect of Blanching and Air Flow Rate on Turmeric Drying (2006)

Turmeric processing involves two main steps, blanching and drying. Blanching is a common step in the traditional processing of rhizomes, and hot air drying is an alternative to traditional solar drying. For this study, drying kinetics were performed at different air flow rates (0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 1.2, 2.1, 2.6, 3 and 4m/s) to determine the effect of air flow on the process. To examine the blanching effect, drying kinetics were carried out with blanched and unblanched rhizomes at different temperatures (60, 70, 80, 90 and 100ºC). A diffusion model and two empirical models (Weibull and Peleg) were used to describe mass transfer during drying. The effect of air flow rate on external resistance was observed, and the air velocity transition zone between the external and internal resistance control zone was identified (1–2m/s). Blanching previous to drying increased the process rate at all the temperatures tested, although its effect was reduced when the air drying temperature increased. Empirical models fitted better drying kinetics than the diffusion model, however, the diffusion model provides valuable information about the phenomenon of water removal and scaling up.
UPR workshop: Processing TCGA mRNA expression data (2015)

Handout and figure from a workshop on processing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. Uses the RTCGAToolbox to access Broad Institute Firehose data, examine the data and produce plots. The workshop was given in San Juan, PR, at the University of Puerto Rico Medical School, on Friday, April 17, 2015. The workshop was sponsored by the UPR/MDACC Parnership for Excellence in Cancer Research and the Puerto Rico Clinical and Translational Research Consortium.
Association of TLR4 mutations and the risk for acute GVHD after HLA-matched-sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2001)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 has been recently identified as a major receptor for LPS. Mutations of TLR4 have been associated with LPS hyporesponsiveness. We hypothesized that TLR4 mutations reduce the risk of acute GVHD in allogeneic marrow transplant recipients. In a preliminary study to determine the frequency of TLR4 mutations and their possible association with GVHD, we tested 237 patients and their HLA-identical sibling donors for 2 TLR4 polymorphisms. All patients received methotrexate and cyclosporine for GVHD prophylaxis. One or more mutants were detected in 10.8% of patients and 10.6% of donors. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between TLR4 mutations and probability (1-sided) of GVHD. The odds ratio (adjusted for advanced disease, total body irradiation dose, and patient age) for development of grades II to IV GVHD when a mutation was present in the recipient was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-1.60; P = .16). When a mutation was present in the donor, the adjusted odds ratio was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.36-2.17; P = .40). When a mutation was present in both recipient and donor, the odds ratio was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.22-2.32; P = .29). Among 24 patients with TLR4 mutations in either donor or recipient, 4 (16.7%) developed gram-negative bacteremia. Among 213 patients without mutations, 14 (6.6%) developed gram-negative bacteremia (P = .09). The data indicate that a reduced risk of acute GVHD is associated with TLR4 mutations and that TLR4 mutations may increase the risk for gram-negative bacteremia. However, these associations are not statistically significant in recipients of HLA-matched sibling marrow transplants who are prophylactically treated for infections and GVHD. A much larger study population would be needed to confirm the role of LPS in the pathogenesis of GVHD in humans.