gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expert Level Control of Ramp Metering Based on Multi-Task Deep Reinforcement Learning (2017)

This paper shows how the recent breakthroughs in reinforcement learning (RL) that have enabled robots to learn to play arcade video games, walk, or assemble colored bricks, can be used to perform other tasks that are currently at the core of engineering cyberphysical systems. We present the first use of RL for the control of systems modeled by discretized non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) and devise a novel algorithm to use non-parametric control techniques for large multi-agent systems. Cyberphysical systems (e.g., hydraulic channels, transportation systems, the energy grid, and electromagnetic systems) are commonly modeled by PDEs, which historically have been a reliable way to enable engineering applications in these domains. However, it is known that the control of these PDE models is notoriously difficult. We show how neural network-based RL enables the control of discretized PDEs whose parameters are unknown, random, and time-varying. We introduce an algorithm of mutual weight regularization (MWR), which alleviates the curse of dimensionality of multi-agent control schemes by sharing experience between agents while giving each agent the opportunity to specialize its action policy so as to tailor it to the local parameters of the part of the system it is located in. A discretized PDE, such as the scalar Lighthill-Whitham-Richards PDE can indeed be considered as a macroscopic freeway traffic simulator and which presents the most salient challenges for learning to control large cyberphysical system with multiple agents. We consider two different discretization procedures and show the opportunities offered by applying deep reinforcement for continuous control on both. Using a neural RL PDE controller on a traffic flow simulation based on a Godunov discretization of the San Francisco Bay Bridge, we are able to achieve precise adaptive metering without model calibration thereby beating the state of the art in traffic metering. Furthermore, with the more accurate BeATS simulator, we manage to achieve a control performance on par with ALINEA, a state-of-the-art parametric control scheme, and show how using MWR improves the learning procedure.
Inbound Mobility Management on LTE-Advanced Femtocell Topology Using X2 Interface (2011)

The femtocell access point of LTE-Advanced system, which can be deployed under macrocell coverage, was applied to the paper. The paper consists of two analyses which are the interference impact by the femtocell and the macrocell at a user equipment and the load impact to the control plane in evolved packet core network by X2 and S1 handover signaling messages. On the results of investigations by performance simulations with regard to the receiving power and signal-to-noise ratio at a user equipment side, the unavailable zone to the inbound handover from macrocell to femtocell occurred due to a severe intercell interference depending on a femtocell topology. Therefore, we found that an intercell interference coordination between macrocell and femtocell in order to make an inbound handover is needed and that X2 interface is the better solution rather than S1 interface for an inbound handover by investigating the X2 and S1 handover procedure of 3GPP. Ultimately, it is shown that the X2 interface between macrocell and femtocell can play an important role in an high reliable inbound handover and a simple interference control implementation on femtocell environment.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME AND COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING TWO TYPES OF DORSAL PLATING FOR UNSTABLE FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL PART OF THE RADIUS (2003)

Patients in whom a dorsally displaced distal radial fracture is treated with a titanium or stainless-steel Synthes pi plate have a significantly increased risk of complications compared with those in whom such a fracture is treated with a low-profile plate. Regardless of the type of plate used, all of the patients in the present study had a good or excellent long-term functional outcome.
Electrical Tuning of Dielectric Metasurfaces at Visible Frequencies Facilitated by Photoalignment of Liquid Crystals (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate the use of photoalignment materials for liquidcrystal based electrical tuning of resonant silicon metasurfaces with a 67% modulation depth at visible frequencies.
Bio-Inspired Neural Adaptive Control of a Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Airflow Sensors (2018)

Inspired by the exceptional flight ability of birds and insects, a bio-inspired neural adaptive flight control structure of a small unmanned aerial vehicle was presented. Eight pressure sensors were elaborately installed in the leading-edge area of the forward wing. A back propagation neural network was trained to predict the aerodynamic moment based on pressure measurements. The network model was trained, validated, and tested. An adaptive controller was designed based on a radial basis function neural network. The new adaptive laws guaranteed the boundedness of the adaptive parameters. The closed-loop stability was analyzed via Lyapunov theory. The simulation results demonstrated the robustness of the bio-inspired flight control system when subjected to measurement noise, parametric uncertainties, and external disturbance.
Urea, Calcium, Potassium and Sulfur Impregnation of Whole Corn—Development and In Vitro Evaluation (1985)

A method of impregnating whole corn grain to meet the nitrogen and mineral requirements of growing-finishing lambs was developed. Several compounds were compared as calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and sulfur (S) sources based on solubility in a urea solution. A laboratory study was used to evaluate two urea-mineral solutions containing urea, calcium chloride, potassium acetate and sodium thiosulfate. The ratio of these compounds to whole corn was based on a final product containing 12% crude protein, .37% Ca, .50% K and a 10:1 N (from urea) to S ratio (dry matter basis). Dry stored corn and high moisture corn were mixed on a horizontal rolling device with either 11 or 6.5 ml solution/100 g corn dry matter. Both solutions provided the same quantity of salts; only water addition varied. The impregnated corn was then dried by either ambient laboratory air for 24 h or heat (95 C) for 1 h to 88% or higher dry matter content. A washing procedure was used to determine the relative amounts of added nutrients absorbed by, or adhered to, corn kernels. Neither corn source, stored or high moisture, nor drying method had any affect on N, Ca or K retention with the exception of more (P<.01) retained Ca in stored corn. The reduced volume of added water resulted in increased (P<.01) Ca retention as well. Although washing reduced (P<.01) the amounts of N, Ca and K in impregnated corn, 79, 70 and 59% of the added N, Ca and K, respectively, remained associated with the kernels. In an in vitro ammonia-N release study, ammonia-N concentration in the incubation medium was lowered (P<.05) during several of the first 6 h of a 24-h incubation when impregnated corn was compared with liquid urea-supplemented corn.
Accumulative Interference Modeling for Cognitive Radios with Distributed Channel Access (2008)

A cognitive radio (CR) network should be able to sense its environment and adapt its communication to utilize unused licensed spectrum without interfering with incumbents. Properly modeling the expected interference from the CR network is therefore very important in the definition of coexistence rules to efficiently protect the incumbents. In this paper we model the accumulative interference generated from a large-scale CR network and investigate how this affects the sensing requirements of the CRs to meet an interference constraint. More specifically, our model considers the impact of discrete topology and the impact of the distributed channel access scheme. As an instantiation of our model, we consider a CR network based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. We show that the interference generated is large, since collisions cannot be avoided.
A Versatile New Preparation of Cyclopropylamines from Acid Dialkylamides (1996)

The reaction of acid N,N-dialkylamides with alkylmagnesium bromides in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of titanium tetra(2-propanolate) produces dialkylcyclopropylamines like 1 and 2 in moderate to good yields. Previously inaccessible aminocyclopropane derivatives are now readily available.
MAGIC observations of PG 1553+113 during a multiwavelength campaign in July 2006 (2008)

The active galactic nucleus PG 1553+113 was observed by the MAGIC telescope in July 2006 during a multiwavelength campaign, in which telescopes in the optical, X-ray, and very high energies participated. Although the MAGIC data were affected by strong atmospheric absorption (calima), they were analyzed after applying a correction. In 8.5 h, a signal was detected with a significance of 5.0σ. The integral flux above 150 GeV was . By fitting the differential energy spectrum with a power law, a spectral index of was obtained.
Light Experimental Supercruiser Conceptual Design (1976)

Abstract : A conceptual design study has been completed to investigate the application of advanced technologies in a low cost experimental fighter that could double the cruise speed of current and emerging fighters. Conceptual design studies were conducted with USAF/AFFDL sponsorship under Contract F33615- 75-C-3150. Wind tunnel tests were conducted under a Boeing indepedent research program to verify performance results. The Light Experimental Supercruiser concept employs six major technologies: (1) Advanced supersonic aerodynamics, (2) Variable Camber Wing Geometry, (3) Low Profile cockpit, (4) Damage tolerant composite structure, (5) Digital fiber-optic flight controls, and (6) Two- Dimensional Airframe Integrated Exhaust System. The air vehicle design is based on NASA SCAT 15 arrow wing research and is powered by a modified General Electric J101 engine.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Operating Pressure on the Performance of SOFC and SOEC (2013)

The effect of operating pressure on the performance of SOFC and SOEC was investigated electrochemically under pressurized and depressurized conditions (0.01-1.0 MPa) using practical size single cells. It was found that the diameter of low frequency semi-circle appears in impedance spectra was not so much affected by operating pressure with electrolyte supported cell as was expected theoretically for gas conversion impedance. On the other hand, the diameter significantly depends on the operating pressure with anode supported cell especially when the operating pressure becomes low, indicating the contribution of diffusion to the semi-circle. Numerical simulation in which diffusion processes in electrodes were considered was proposed to explain the observed behavior.
Instance-based novelty detection in passive sonar signals (2022)

In submarines, sonar operators have the main task of identifying potential threats, named as contacts in the military jargon. The principal tool exploited when dealing with such situations is the passive sonar system. Automatic contact classification models may relieve the huge sonar operator workload but require mechanisms capable of identifying any contact not considered during system development. This paper discusses the development of a hierarchical instance-based detector of unknown contact classes for passive sonar signals, focusing on practical strategies for its hyperparameter tuning and performance assessment. Experimental data exploited in system evaluation comprises the acoustic noise irradiated by 28 ships belonging to 8 classes. These ships were submitted to different operational conditions in several runs conducted in an acoustic range. The kNN algorithm has performed best, achieving a novelty detection rate of 78.0%, associated with an average known case identification rate of 95.0%, considering a five unknown class evaluation scenario.
Analysis of human T-cell receptor V beta gene usage following immunization to tetanus toxoid in vivo. (1993)

The human T-cell antigen receptor (TcR) V beta repertoire was investigated following in vivo reimmunization with tetanus toxoid (TT). Four healthy subjects were immunized subcutaneously with TT, and 24 samples of peripheral blood T cells were taken at intervals over several weeks and used to generate TcR-C beta chain-specific first-strand cDNA. A semi-quantitative assay utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure the amount of 22 different TcR-V beta gene transcripts in the cDNA. A peak increase in the amount of V beta 2, 4, 6, 13.1 and 14 occurred 14 days post-immunization, with each V beta increased in at least two of the four subjects. No obvious changes in the other 17 V beta genes were found. A secondary antibody response to TT occurred in all subjects by day 14. These results show that it is now possible to characterize the in vivo kinetics of the human TcR repertoire following stimulation with a conventional antigen.
Wheat Breeding and the Change of Breeding Direction in Ningxia (2008)

Wheat is one of the main crops in Ningxia.With the decrease of the farmland area,the increase of population,it is imperative to promote the production of wheat.Since Ningchun No.4 was widely planted in a large scale,the time has been lasted thirty years.The fifth updating of Ningxia spring wheat didn't show a good cultivar.However,the introduced new style hybrid wheat system with blue grain two-utilizable line that was a feasible hybrid wheat system.
ATAC: Improving performance and programmability with on-chip optical networks (2010)

Given the current trends in multicore scaling, chips with 1000 cores may exist within the next 5 to 10 years. However, their promise of increased performance will only be reached if their inherent scaling and programming challenges are overcome. Meanwhile, recent advances in nanophotonic device manufacturing are making CMOS-integrated optics a reality-interconnect technology which can provide more bandwidth at lower power than conventional electronics. Perhaps more importantly, optical interconnect also has the potential to enable new, easy-to-use programming models enabled by its inexpensive broadcast mechanism. This paper introduces ATAC, a new manycore architecture that capitalizes on the recent advances in optics to address a number of challenges that future manycore designs will face. The new constraints and opportunities of on-chip optical interconnect are presented and explored in the design of ATAC. Furthermore, this paper discusses ATAC's programming models, and introduces Consumer Tagging, a novel programming model that leverages ATAC's strengths to provide high performance and scalability.
Role of the Penicillin-Sensitive Transpeptidation Reaction in Attachment of Newly Synthesized Peptidoglycan to Cell Walls of Micrococcus luteus (1972)

Cell-wall preparations of Micrococcus luteus (lysodeikticus) catalyze in vitro peptidoglycan synthesis from UDP N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, UDP N-acetylmuramic acid-pentapeptide, and glycine. Newly synthesized peptidoglycan is partially cross-linked by a transpeptidation reaction with concomitant release of C-terminal D-alanine. Penicillin not only strongly inhibits release of D-alanine (98% at 1 mug/ml), but also markedly inhibits incorporation of acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid-pentapeptide into the preformed cell-wall peptidoglycan. The simplest explanation for the results is that incorporation of newly synthesized strands of peptidoglycan and their attachment to "older" cell-wall peptidoglycan proceeds mainly by transpeptidation and that transglycosylation is responsible only for part of the elongation of the pre-existing peptidoglycan. Another possibility is that incorporation occurs by transglycosylation, but it cannot continue without concurrent formation of peptide cross-bridges.
Pulmonary vascular impedance and wave reflections in the hypoxic calf (1992)

The alterations in pulsatile hemodynamics that occur during hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction have not been well characterized. Changes in oscillatory hemodynamics, however, may affect right ventricular-pulmonary vascular coupling and the dissipation of energy within the lung vasculature. To better define hypoxic pulsatile hemodynamics, we measured main pulmonary artery proximal and distal micromanometric pressures and ultrasonic flow in four open-chest calves during progressive hypoxia. Main pulmonary artery impedance and pressure transmission spectra were calculated using spectral analysis methods. Measured pressure and flow signals were separated in the time domain into forward and backward components. Hypoxia increased pulmonary blood pressure and resistance and produced multiple modifications in the impedance and pressure transmission spectra that indicated increased wave reflections and elasticity. The impedance and apparent phase velocity first-harmonic values were increased in amplitude, and the pressure transmission modulus plot showed an increased peak value. In addition, the impedance modulus plot demonstrated a rightward shift and increased oscillation in the mid- to high-frequency range. The time domain analysis also confirmed increased wave reflections and elasticity. Hypoxia produced large backward-traveling (reflected) pressure and flow waves. The initial portions of these waves arrived at the heart during systole, producing characteristic changes in the measured pressure and flow waveforms. With prolonged hypoxia, main pulmonary artery pulse wave velocity increased by 30%. Thus, hypoxia is associated with complex alterations in pulmonary artery elasticity and wave reflections that act to increase the oscillatory afterload of the right ventricle.
Hilbert R-tree: An Improved R-tree using Fractals (2018)

We propose a new R-tree structure that outperforms all the older ones. The heart of the idea is to facilitate the deferred splitting approach in R-trees. This is done by proposing an ordering on the R-tree nodes. This ordering has to be `good', in the sense that it should group `similar' data rectangles together, to minimize the area and perimeter of the resulting minimum bounding rectangles (MBRs). Following [Kamel93] we have chosen the so-called `2D-c' method, which sorts rectangles according to the Hilbert value of the center of the rectangles. Given the ordering, every node has a well-defined set of sibling nodes; thus, we can use deferred splitting. By adjusting the split policy, the Hilbert R-tree can achieve as high utilization as desired. To the contrary, the R*-tree has no control over the space utilization, typically achieving up to 70%. We designed the manipulation algorithms in detail, and we did a full implementation of the Hilbert R-tree. Our experiments show that the `2-to-3' split policy provides a compromise between the insertion complexity and the search cost, giving up to 28% savings over the R*-tree [Beckmann90] on real data.
ChemInform Abstract: ELEKTRONENABSORPTIONSSPEKTREN VON IN OBERFLAECHENAKTIVEN LOESUNGEN LOESLICHEM 7,7,8,8‐TETRACYANO‐CHINODIMETHAN (1970)

Abstract Die Löslichkeit der Titelverbindung (I) in Lösungen der oberflächenaktiven Stoffe (II)‐(V) verschiedener Konzentrationen wird ermittelt.
Lasers devices based on nanostructures grown on InP substrate for 1.55 μm emission (2010)

Third French Research Organizations - Tohoku University Joint Workshop on Frontier Materials
Characterization of a Dual Rac/Cdc42 Inhibitor MBQ-167 in Metastatic Cancer (2017)

The Rho GTPases Rac (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate) and Cdc42 (cell division control protein 42 homolog) regulate cell functions governing cancer malignancy, including cell polarity, migration, and cell-cycle progression. Accordingly, our recently developed Rac inhibitor EHop-016 (IC<sub>50</sub>, 1,100 nmol/L) inhibits cancer cell migration and viability and reduces tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis <i>in vivo</i> Herein, we describe MBQ-167, which inhibits Rac and Cdc42 with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 103 and 78 nmol/L, respectively, in metastatic breast cancer cells. Consequently, MBQ-167 significantly decreases Rac and Cdc42 downstream effector p21-activated kinase (PAK) signaling and the activity of STAT3, without affecting Rho, MAPK, or Akt activities. MBQ-167 also inhibits breast cancer cell migration, viability, and mammosphere formation. Moreover, MBQ-167 affects cancer cells that have undergone epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by a loss of cell polarity and inhibition of cell surface actin-based extensions to ultimately result in detachment from the substratum. Prolonged incubation (120 hours) in MBQ-167 decreases metastatic cancer cell viability with a GI<sub>50</sub> of approximately 130 nmol/L, without affecting noncancer mammary epithelial cells. The loss in cancer cell viability is due to MBQ-167-mediated G<sub>2</sub>-M cell-cycle arrest and subsequent apoptosis, especially of the detached cells. <i>In vivo</i>, MBQ-167 inhibits mammary tumor growth and metastasis in immunocompromised mice by approximately 90%. In conclusion, MBQ-167 is 10× more potent than other currently available Rac/Cdc42 inhibitors and has the potential to be developed as an anticancer drug, as well as a dual inhibitory probe for the study of Rac and Cdc42. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 16(5); 805-18. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Gas molecule scattering & ion mobility measurements for organic macro-ions in He versus N2 environments (2015)

A pending issue in linking ion mobility measurements to ion structures is that the collisional cross section (CCS, the measured structural parameter in ion mobility spectrometry) of an ion is strongly dependent upon the manner in which gas molecules effectively impinge on and are reemitted from ion surfaces (when modeling ions as fixed structures). To directly examine the gas molecule impingement and reemission processes and their influence, we measured the CCSs of positively charged ions of room temperature ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMIM-N(CN)2) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM-BF4) in N2 using a differential mobility analyzer-mass spectrometer (DMA-MS) and in He using a drift tube mobility spectrometer-mass spectrometer (DT-MS). Cluster ions, generated via electrosprays, took the form (AB)N(A)z, spanning up to z = 20 and with masses greater than 100 kDa. As confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations, at the measurement temperature (∼300 K), such cluster ions took on globular conformations in the gas phase. Based upon their attained charge levels, in neither He nor N2 did the ion-induced dipole potential significantly influence gas molecule-ion collisions. Therefore, differences in the CCSs measured for ions in the two different gases could be primarily attributed to differences in gas molecule behavior upon collision with ions. Overwhelmingly, by comparison of predicted CCSs with selected input impingement-reemission laws to measurements, we find that in N2, gas molecules collide with ions diffusely--they are reemitted at random angles relative to the gas molecule incoming angle--and inelastically. Meanwhile, in He, gas molecules collide specularly and elastically and are emitted from ion surfaces at determined angles. The results can be rationalized on the basis of the momentum transferred per collision; in the case of He, individual gas molecule collisions minimally perturb the atoms within a cluster ion (internal motion), while in the case of N2, individual gas molecules have sufficiently large momentum to alter the internal motion in organic ions.