gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A condition monitoring system for wind turbine generator temperature by applying multiple linear regression model (2013)

The development and implementation of condition monitoring system become very important for wind industry with the increasing number of failures in wind turbine generators due to over temperature especially in offshore wind turbines where higher maintenance costs than onshore wind farms have to be paid due to their farthest locations. Monitoring the wind generators temperatures is significant and plays a remarkable role in an effective condition monitoring system. Moreover, they can be easily measured and recorded automatically by the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) which gives more clarification about their behavior trend. An unexpected increase in component temperature may indicate overload, poor lubrication, or possibly ineffective passive or active cooling. Many techniques are used to reliably predict generator's temperatures to avoid occurrence of failures in wind turbine generators. Multiple Linear Regression Model (MLRM) is a model that can be used to construct the normal operating model for the wind turbine generator temperature and then at each time step the model is used to predict the generator temperature by measuring the correlation between the observed values and the predicted values of criterion variables. Then standard errors of the estimate can be found. The standard error of the estimate indicates how close the actual observations fall to the predicted values on the regression line. In this paper, a new condition-monitoring method based on applying Multiple Linear Regression Model for a wind turbine generator is proposed. The technique is used to construct the normal behavior model of an electrical generator temperatures based on the historical generator temperatures data. Case study built on a data collected from actual measurements demonstrates the adequacy of the proposed model.
A computational theory of dispositions (1984)

Informally, a disposition is a proposition which is preponderantly, but no necessarily always, true. For example, birds can fly is a disposition, as are the propositions Swedes are blond and Spaniards are dark.An idea which underlies the theory described in this paper is that a disposition may be viewed as a proposition with implicit fuzzy quantifiers which are approximations to all and always, e.g., almost all, almost always, most, frequently, etc. For example, birds can fly may be interpreted as the result of supressing the fuzzy quantifier most in the proposition most birds can fly. Similarly, young men like young women may be read as most young men like mostly young women. The process of transforming a disposition into a proposition is referred to as explicitation or restoration.Explicitation sets the stage for representing the meaning of a proposition through the use of test-score semantics (Zadeh, 1978, 1982). In this approach to semantics, the meaning of a proposition, p, is represented as a procedure which tests, scores and aggregates the elastic constraints which are induced by p.The paper closes with a description of an approach to reasoning with dispositions which is based on the concept of a fuzzy syllogism. Syllogistic reasoning with dispositions has an important bearing on commonsense reasoning as well as on the management of uncertainty in expert systems. As a simple application of the techniques described in this paper, we formulate a definition of typicality -- a concept which plays an important role in human cognition and is of relevance to default reasoning.
Electrochemical Pressure Impedance Spectroscopy for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: A Combined Modeling and Experimental Analysis (2022)

Electrochemical pressure impedance spectroscopy (EPIS) has recently been developed as a potential diagnosis tool for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). It is based on analyzing the frequency response of the cell voltage with respect to an excitation of the gas-phase pressure. We present here a combined modeling and experimental study of EPIS. A pseudo-two-dimensional PEMFC model was parameterized to a 100 cm 2 laboratory cell installed in its test bench, and used to reproduce steady-state cell polarization and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). Pressure impedance spectra were obtained both in experiment and simulation by applying a harmonic pressure excitation at the cathode outlet. The model shows good agreement with experimental data for current densities <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> </mml:math> 0.4 A cm −2 . Here it allows a further simulative analysis of observed EPIS features, including the magnitude and shape of spectra. Key findings include a strong influence of the humidifier gas volume on EPIS and a substantial increase in oxygen partial pressure oscillations towards the channel outlet at the resonance frequency. At current densities <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> </mml:math> 0.8 A cm −2 the experimental EIS and EPIS data cannot be fully reproduced. This deviation might be associated with the formation and transport of liquid water, which is not included in the model.
Dissecting the Multiplicity of Immune Effects of Immunosuppressive Drugs to Better Predict the Risk of de novo Malignancies in Solid Organ Transplant Patients (2019)

<i>De novo</i> malignancies constitute an emerging cause of morbidity after solid organ transplant (SOT), significantly affecting the long-term survival of transplant recipients. Pharmacologic immunosuppression may functionally impair the immunosurveillance in these patients, thereby increasing the risk of cancer development. Nevertheless, the multiplicity and heterogeneity of the immune effects induced by immunosuppressive drugs limit the current possibilities to reliably predict the risk of <i>de novo</i> malignancy in SOT patients. Therefore, there is the pressing need to better characterize the immune dysfunctions induced by the different immunosuppressive regimens administered to prevent allograft rejection to tailor more precisely the therapeutic schedule and decrease the risk of <i>de novo</i> malignancies. We herein highlight the impact exerted by different classes of immunosuppressants on the most relevant immune cells, with a particular focus on the effects on dendritic cells (DCs), the main regulators of the balance between immunosurveillance and tolerance.
Preparation, use, and enlargement of ultrasmall gold particles in immunoelectron microscopy (1998)

The introduction of ultrasmall (approximately 1-3 nm) colloidal gold markers in immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) in 1989 has considerably improved the sensitivity of this marker system. Ultrasmall gold markers have opened the field of pre-embedding labeling studies to gold markers without the need of harsh permeabilizing steps. They are recommended for the detection of scarce antigens in ultrathin cryosections which may otherwise escape immunodetection. However, reports concerning the preparation of ultrasmall gold colloids, their conjugation to proteins, and their use in high-resolution studies (without an additional enlargement step) are very limited. Also, the available enlargement techniques necessary for the use of this marker in conventional electron microscopy require detailed discussion to clarify the large number of contradictory observations. The present review summarizes and discusses the findings accumulated within the last 10 years on the application of ultrasmall gold markers in IEM with regard to their merits, limitations, detection sensitivity, and suitability for different labeling techniques. It should provide practical hints for the use of ultrasmall gold colloids and discusses problems arising with enlargement techniques such as silver enhancement and gold toning procedures.
Integrated optical fast electrooptic D–A converter design (1984)

The design details of an integrated optical fast D–A converter are presented. Nine directional couplers with identical electrode lengths are utilized in the design of an 8-bit two’s complement, bipolar system. This D–A converter compares very favorably with respect to Mach-Zehnder systems as far as size, flexibility, and bipolar capabilities are concerned. Fast D–A conversion and analog switching may be particularly desirable for optical interconnection and computing networks.
A Smart Transformer-Rectifier Unit for the More Electric Aircraft (2018)

In the framework of the More Electric Aircraft (MEA), an efficient and flexible power distribution system is of paramount importance. Considering the presence of both AC and DC loads at multiple voltage levels, the distribution system of the most modern aircrafts is intrinsically hybrid. In this scenario, the different buses are connected by AC/DC converters. The simplest approach is to use a Transformer-Rectifier Unit (TRU) based on a low-frequency transformer followed by passive rectifiers to perform the AC/DC conversion. This solution, however, is intrinsically uni-directional, introduces current harmonics in the AC side and can have a considerable size. This paper proposes the use of a Smart-TRU, based on a Cascaded H-Bridge topology and a multi-port DC/DC converter, to solve the issues of the traditional TRU, increasing the controllability of the system. Experiments show how the proposed STRU is resilient to faults in the AC side.
Heat Conduction in a Two-Dimensional Harmonic Crystal with Disorder (2005)

We study the problem of heat conduction in a mass-disordered two-dimensional harmonic crystal. Using two different stochastic heat baths, we perform simulations to determine the system size (L) dependence of the heat current (J). For white noise heat baths we find that J approximately 1/L(alpha) with alpha approximately equal to 0.59, while correlated noise heat baths give alpha approximately equal to 0.51. A special case with correlated disorder is studied analytically and gives alpha=3/2, which agrees also with results from exact numerics.
Optische Kfz-Innenraumüberwachung (2000)

The optical monitoring of the automobile passenger interior compartment is concerned with applications based on optical coverage and image processing in order to provide various functionalities. The emphases of this thesis are optical occupant state recognition and optical interior protection. The interior protection is an integral part of the car alarm system and must be able to detect unauthorized entry. A significant judgement criterion apart from the high detection rate of penetrating objects is a low false alarm rate, which should be achieved using a high spatial resolution of an optical system. Additionally the power dissipation of car alarm systems must be extremely low. This can be obtained when employing modern CMOS image sensors. The task of occupant state recognition arose from the unresolved problem of rear facing infant seat detection and Out-of-Position detection. Tragic accidents involving rear facing infant seats placed in the passenger seat have exemplified the necessity for the detection of infant seats and other critical situations. Optical occupant state recognition encompasses seat occupancy, infant seat detection, and Out-of-Position detection, which up until now have been realized separately - if at all. The critical requirements of this application are adaptability to strongly varying environmental conditions and fast response time. Optical systems for use in passenger compartment monitoring have not yet been the subject of ex tensive research. By employing cameras based on CMOS image sensors the optical stimuli within the vehicle are measured. In order to enable several applications with one system, the position of the camera(s) and the optical influences at this position are examined. In the case of the optical interior protection, algorithms have to be developed enabling the detection of the penetration of objects. Due to the restriction of low power dissipation, these algorithms should not be too complex. The integration of on-chip preprocessing and other electronic features can be combined to make CMOS image sensors power efficient. For optical occupant state recognition concepts with a low cost of computation have to be developed, which are also capable of working in conjunction with the interior monitoring. Thus a high frame rate has to be obtained with these systems. In addition algorithms are necessary that can determine the status of each respective seat. Since the optical occupancy state recognition is a security-sensitive application, additional algorithms are examined that detect very accurately (up to object recognition) the occupation state of the vehicle.
STAR: a general architecture for the support of distortion oriented displays (1995)

Distortion oriented displays (DOD) are an interface approach for supporting navigation through large visual datasets without losing context. They are particularly well suited to applications such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Unfortunately such applications are characterised by vast quantities of data requiring substantial time to upload and display. This is completely at odds with the requirements of a DOD, in which the dynamics of the interaction are of paramount importance. STAR (Self Tuning Architecture) addresses this disparity by dividing the interface into a set of tuneable, independently threaded modules responsible for key tasks in die system. The dynamic response of the interface is continually monitored and the modules tuned or detuned to achieve the best display possible within the response constraints of the system.
Fuelling genetic and metabolic exploration of C3 bioenergy crops through the first reference transcriptome of Arundo donax L. (2014)

Summary The development of inexpensive and highly productive biomass sources of biofuel is a priority in global climate change biology. A rundo donax , also known as the giant reed, is recognized as one of the most promising nonfood bioenergy crops in E urope. Despite its relevance, to date no genomic resources are available to support the characterization of the developmental, adaptive and metabolic traits underlying the high productivity of this nonmodel species. We hereby present the first report on the de novo assembly of bud, culm, leaf and root transcriptomes of A . donax , which can be accessed through a customized BLAST server ( http://ecogenomics.fmach.it/arundo/ ) for mining and exploring the genetic potential of this species. Based on functional annotation and homology comparison to 19 prospective biofuel P oaceae species, we provide the first genomic view of this so far unexplored crop and indicate the model species with highest potential for comparative genomics approaches. The analysis of the transcriptome reveals strong differences in the enrichment of the Gene Ontology categories and the relative expression among different organs, which can guide future efforts for functional genomics or genetic improvement of A . donax . A set of homologs to key genes involved in lignin, cellulose, starch, lipid metabolism and in the domestication of other crops is discussed to provide a platform for possible enhancement of productivity and saccharification efficiency in A . donax .
Standardized interoperable image retrieval (2010)

Digital still images are generated, distributed and stored worldwide at an ever increasing rate. Yet, the large number of available metadata description formats prevents consistent and efficient access to image repositories. Standardized solutions for unifying the access and the retrieval of image repositories are therefore strongly needed. The ISO/IEC SC29 WG1 (more commonly known as JPEG) established the JPSearch project, which aims to standardize interfaces of an abstract image retrieval framework. In this context, the paper introduces our contribution consisting of a reference metadata model, which in combination with the JPEG query format improves interoperable image retrieval for users. Second, a transformation rule declaration language for query reformulation is presented, which contributes to interoperability at the repository side.
On the terminal velocity of single bubbles rising in non-Newtonian power-law liquids (2020)

To describe bubbly flows, an accurate prediction of the bubble rise velocity is crucial. For non-Newtonian fluids, closures for the bubble rise velocity provided in the literature are usually empirical and rather restricted in their applicability. In this work, a Front-Tracking Computational Fluid Dynamics model has been used to investigate the behaviour of a single bubble rising in a power-law fluid, for a very wide range of viscosities covering both shear-thinning and shear-thickening behaviour, where the power-law exponent n was varied between 0.5 and 1.5 and for three different bubble diameters (viz. 0.5 mm, 2 mm and 4 mm). The non-Newtonian behaviour of the continuous phase strongly influences the shape of the single rising bubbles caused by the viscosity profiles that develop in the flow field. As a consequence, large non-spherical bubbles become more spherical in shear-thickening fluids (in comparison to the same bubble in a Newtonian liquid), whereas small spherical bubbles lose their sphericity in shear-thinning fluids. To determine the bubble rise velocity for bubbles in non-Newtonian fluids with a power law behaviour, the drag closure derived for bubbles rising in Newtonian liquids proposed by Dijkhuizen et al. (2010), which combines viscous drag and shape-induced drag in a single correlation, is adapted using a modified Reynolds number. In this work it is shown that this adapted correlation is able to predict the terminal rise velocity of single bubbles rising in non-Newtonian power-law fluids within 20% accuracy for the majority of the investigated cases, provided that the drag regime does not change.
New Treatment Strategies for Multiple Myeloma by Targeting BCL-2 and the Mevalonate Pathway (2005)

Insight into the mechanisms of primary or acquired drug resistance of (hematological) malignancies is critical for the development of new treatment strategies. This review will focus on Bcl-2 and the mevalonate pathway as targets for reversal of drug resistance in multiple myeloma. The Bcl-2 protein is highly expressed in myeloma patients and in vitro studies have shown its role in the regulation of chemosensitivity, which makes Bcl-2 an attractive target for treatment. Statins are widely used for the treatment of hypercholesteremia. Several in vitro studies have shown that statins may also kill hematological malignant cells including myeloma cells. We found that lovastatin induced apoptosis in myeloma and lymphoma cells by inhibition of geranylgeranylation and subsequent down regulation of Mcl-1, probably the most important anti-apoptotic protein in myeloma. Phase 1 and 2 studies have been performed with Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides and high dose simvastatin in combination with chemotherapy in heavily pre-treated myeloma patients. Encouraging results from these studies may provide the framework for the future application of new treatment strategies for myeloma.
Computer Game Criticism: A Method for Computer Game Analysis (2002)

In this paper, we describe a method to analyse computer games. The analysis method is based on computer games in particular and not some kind of transfer from other ﬁ eld or studies – even though of course it is inspired from other kinds of analysis methods from varying ﬁ elds of studies. The method is based on seven different layers of the computer game: hardware, program code, functionality, game play, meaning, referentiality, and socio-culture. Each of these layers may be analysed individually, but an entire analysis of any computer game must be analysed from every angle. Thereby we are analysing both technical, aesthetic and socio-cultural perspectives.
Bilateral Changes In Running Biomechanics Observed From Pre-injury To 6-months Post Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2020)

Reduced knee function during running has been observed in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed (ACLR) knees, persisting up to 5 years after surgery. Current evidence is limited to cross-sectional design and often utilizes the contralateral limb for comparison with questionable appropriateness. Pre-injury running biomechanics, although difficult to obtain, can be used to assess post-surgical changes in both the involved and uninvolved limbs. Through preseason injury screening, we obtained running mechanics on collegiate athletes. This study utilizes this pre-injury data for evaluation of bilateral changes in those athletes who sustained an ACL injury and then underwent ACLR. PURPOSE: To assess changes in knee joint mechanics during running from pre-injury to 6-months post-ACLR in Division 1 collegiate athletes. METHODS: Whole body kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRF) were collected during treadmill running for 9 athletes (5 females) prior to a primary ACL injury (PRE) and 6.1±0.3 months post-ACLR (6M). Athletes ran at a maximally comfortable speed at 6M (3.8±0.5m/s) and speed-matched PRE data was reviewed. Knee joint mechanics and GRF variables were compared between PRE and 6M within the involved (INV) and uninvolved (UNI) limb using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests. Results are presented as within-limb percent change (kinetics, GRF) or median difference (kinematics) between PRE and 6M. RESULTS: Knee joint metrics decreased from PRE to 6M in the INV limb: knee flexion excursion during stance (5.4°, p<0.01), knee extensor impulse (59.1%, p<0.01), rate of knee extensor moment (37.0%, p<0.01). No change in knee joint mechanics were observed in the UNI limb (<5%, p>0.1). Furthermore, INV limb demonstrated reduced vertical GRF impulse (2.8%, p<0.01) and braking impulse (13.6%, p=0.01), while both metrics increased in the UNI limb (vertical, 5.7%, p=0.01; braking, 23.8%, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to assess changes in running biomechanics following ACLR relative to the pre-injury state. Consistent with cross-sectional studies, INV knee kinematics and kinetics did not return to pre-injury state by 6 months post-ACLR. Additionally, the UNI limb appears to be a valid comparator for the INV limb for knee joint specific running mechanics at 6M, but not for GRF variables. NIH award TL1TR002375
[ReF6]2−: A Robust Module for the Design of Molecule‐Based Magnetic Materials (2014)

Abstract A facile synthesis of the [ReF 6 ] 2− ion and its use as a building block to synthesize magnetic systems are reported. Using dc and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements, INS and EPR spectroscopies, the magnetic properties of the isolated [ReF 6 ] 2− unit in (PPh 4 ) 2 [ReF 6 ]⋅2 H 2 O ( 1 ) have been fully studied including the slow relaxation of the magnetization observed below ca. 4 K. This slow dynamic is preserved for the one‐dimensional coordination polymer [Zn(viz) 4 (ReF 6 )] ∞ ( 2 , viz=1‐vinylimidazole), demonstrating the irrelevance of low symmetry for such magnetization dynamics in systems with easy‐plane‐type anisotropy. The ability of fluoride to mediate significant exchange interactions is exemplified by the isostructural [Ni(viz) 4 (ReF 6 )] ∞ ( 3 ) analogue in which the ferromagnetic Ni II –Re IV interaction (+10.8 cm −1 ) dwarfs the coupling present in related cyanide‐bridged systems. These results reveal [ReF 6 ] 2− to be an unique new module for the design of molecule‐based magnetic materials.
Evaluation of silver mordenite for radioiodine retention at the PUREX Process Facility Modification (1987)

To determine the bed-loading capacities and the effluent iodine concentrations at normal, off-normal, and standby conditions, PNL performed a series of statistically designed parametric tests using a bed of AgZ 12 cm long x 1 cm diameter. In addition, tests were performed to determine the effect of bed length, the effect of a second bed, the effect of extended standby conditions, and the efficiency of hydrogen-reduced AgZ (Ag/sup 0/Z). Results of these experiments are presented in this report.