gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Procedure for Identification of 3D Moisture Diffusion Parameters on Thick Composites: Theory, Validation and Experimental Results (2002)

This paper presents a novel method for the identification of the parameters governing Fickian moisture diffusion in composite materials. In the first part of the manuscript, the theoretical background is given and closed-form solutions are produced for 3D Fickian diffusion. Then, the different existing identification alternatives are reviewed and a novel procedure is proposed that takes advantage of all the gravimetric curve data points instead of just initial slope and saturation. The method relies on the solution of an optimization problem. In the second part of the paper, validation of this identification technique is performed from simulated gravimetric curves. The main advantage of the method when compared to previously published materials is that diffusion coefficients and saturation level can be identified from gravimetric curves obtained from unsaturated coupons. This is particularly useful when considering thick coupons that will take a long time to saturate or when non-Fickian diffusion mechanisms occur after some time. Finally, the method is applied to experimental results obtained from glass/epoxy composites. It is shown that although the diffusion of moisture in the composite is basically non-Fickian, it can be considered Fickian up to about 10 days and that these data are sufficient to retrieve the 3D diffusion coefficients as well as the Fickian saturation level.
Reactions of NaCl with Gaseous  SO 3,  SO 2, and  O 2 (1984)

Hot corrosion of gas turbine engine components involves deposits of Na2SO4 which are produced by reactions between NaCl and oxides of sulfur. For the present investigation, NaCl single crystals were exposed at 100 to 850 C to gaseous mixtures of SO3, SO2, and O2. The products formed during this exposure depend, primarily, on the temperatures. The four product films were: NaCl-SO3; Na2S2O7; Na2SO4; and NaCl-Na2SO4. The kinetics of the reactions were measured.
Survival of E. coli O157:H12 in creek sediments after inoculation and re-inoculation (2011)

This work tested the hypothesis that E. coli survival after streambed sediment inoculation does not differ significantly from survival in the same sediment after re-inoculation. The E. coli O157:H12 survived in two sediments with markedly different particle size distributions and organic matter contents in one-month-long experiments in flow-through chambers at 14°C and 23°C. The inactivation rates after re-inoculation were smaller than after inoculation; the differences were significant (P < 0.1) in two of four experiments. This study suggests that E. coli O157:H12 was able to adapt to the sediment environment so that its survival after re-inoculation improved.
Assessment of toxicity and biodistribution of recombinant AAV8 vector–mediated immunomodulatory gene therapy in mice with Pompe disease (2019)

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A New Method to Monitor In-Situ Protective Properties of Rust on Weathering Steel (1987)

To evaluate how protective rust is, and to understand the role rust plays, electrochemical impedance of the rust films on low alloy steels, particularly weathering steels, was studied in a sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution. By the analysis of the harmonic current, the impedance in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 1.0 kHz is considered to be due to the ion transfer resistance through the rust film, which is dominant factor for the protective properties of the rust films. Based on this principle, a compact instrument was developed to monitor the protective properties of the rust films formed on weathering steels of field structures.
Atmospheric correction of SeaWiFS imagery for turbid coastal and inland waters (2000)

The standard SeaWiFS atmospheric correction algorithm, designed for open ocean water, has been extended for use over turbid coastal and inland waters. Failure of the standard algorithm over turbid waters can be attributed to invalid assumptions of zero water-leaving radiance for the near-infrared bands at 765 and 865 nm. In the present study these assumptions are replaced by the assumptions of spatial homogeneity of the 765:865-nm ratios for aerosol reflectance and for water-leaving reflectance. These two ratios are imposed as calibration parameters after inspection of the Rayleigh-corrected reflectance scatterplot. The performance of the new algorithm is demonstrated for imagery of Belgian coastal waters and yields physically realistic water-leaving radiance spectra. A preliminary comparison with in situ radiance spectra for the Dutch Lake Markermeer shows significant improvement over the standard atmospheric correction algorithm. An analysis is made of the sensitivity of results to the choice of calibration parameters, and perspectives for application of the method to other sensors are briefly discussed.
Single-component, low molecular weight organic supergelators based on chiral barbiturate scaffolds (2019)

We report here the first chiral barbiturate to act as a single-component LMOG capable of gelating a variety of chlorinated and aromatic solvents. Solution-based DOSY NMR experiments, solid-state VP-SEM, and X-ray crystallography techniques were used to characterize chloroform-based gels at a variety of size domains. This scaffold provides a simple system to study the dynamics of gelation and self-assembly.
A hydroboration route to geminal P/B frustrated Lewis pairs with a bulky secondary phosphane component and their reaction with carbon dioxide (2017)

The secondary aryl-P(H) phosphanyl substituted tert-butylacetylenes 7a,b (aryl: Mes or Mes*) undergo hydroboration with [HB(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] to give the geminal vinylidene-bridged P/B Lewis pairs 8a,b. The treatment of 8a,b with benzonitrile, N-sulfinylaniline, and phenyl isothiocyanate, respectively, gives the addition products 12a,b, 13a,b, and 14 with proton transfer from the phosphorus to the more basic nitrogen site. The reaction of the FLPs 8a,b with carbon dioxide yields a doubly boron bonded addition product. The reaction of 8b with a conjugated ynone formally proceeded by trans-1,2-hydrophosphination of the alkyne at the geminal FLP framework to give the seven-membered heterocycle 21.
Structure of the measles virus H glycoprotein sheds light on an efficient vaccine (2007)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
The role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 in apoptosis. (2002)

Cancer develops when the balance between cell proliferation and cell death is disrupted, and the ensuing aberrant proliferation leads to tumor growth. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 is induced by both p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms following stress, and induction of p21 may cause cell cycle arrest. As a proliferation inhibitor, p21 is poised to play an important role in preventing tumor development. This notion is supported by data indicating that p21-null mice are more prone to spontaneous and induced tumorigenesis, and p21 synergizes with other tumor suppressors to protect against tumor progression in mice. However, a number of recent studies have pointed out that in addition to being an inhibitor of cell proliferation, p21 acts as an inhibitor of apoptosis in a number of systems, and this may counteract its tumor-suppressive functions as a growth inhibitor. In the current review, we discuss the role of p21 in regulating cell death and the potential relevance of its expression in cancer.
Fragmentation of cyclobutoxychlorocarbene: the cyclopropylcarbinyl/cyclobutyl cations revisited (2001)

Abstract Fragmentations of cyclobutoxychlorocarbene ( 13 , k frag = 7.1 × 10 5 s −1 ) and cyclopropylmethoxychlorocarbene ( 14 , k frag = 7.6 × 10 5 s −1 ) in MeCN proceed to tight and distinct [R + OC Cl − ] ion pairs, which collapse to different distributions of cyclopropylcarbinyl, cyclobutyl and allylcarbinyl chlorides. B3LYP/6–31G* calculations support these conclusions, affording computed fragmentation activation energies of 6.4 ( 13 ) and 3.0 ( 14 ) kcal mol −1 . Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Video Copy Detection Using Spatio-Temporal CNN Features (2019)

To protect the copyright of digital videos, video copy detection has become a hot topic in the field of digital copyright protection. Since a video sequence generally contains a large amount of data, to achieve efficient and effective copy detection, the key issue is to extract compact and discriminative video features. To this end, we propose a video copy detection scheme using spatio-temporal convolutional neural network (CNN) features. First, we divide each video sequence into multiple video clips and sample the frames of each video clip. Second, the sampled frames of each video clip are fed into a pre-trained CNN model to generate the corresponding convolutional feature maps (CFMs). Third, based on the generated CFMs, we extract the CNN features on the spatial and temporal domains of each video clip, i.e., the spatio-temporal CNN features. Finally, video copy detection is efficiently and effectively implemented based on the extracted spatio-temporal CNN features. The experiments on the commonly used video dataset, i.e., TRECVID 2008, demonstrate that the proposed method performs well in aspects of both accuracy and efficiency and shows superiority to several other copy detection methods using the state-of-the-art features.
The benefit of adding ezetimibe to statin therapy in patients with prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery and acute coronary syndrome in the IMPROVE-IT trial (2016)

The clinical benefit of adding ezetimibe to statin appears to be enhanced in patients with prior CABG, supporting the use of intensive lipid lowering therapy in these high-risk patients following ACS.
Ambient Curing of Unsaturated Elastomers with Halomethyl Phenolic Resins (1971)

Abstract A new vulcanizing agent, CRJ-328, has been developed which is activated at low temperatures by zinc oxide. This material, a phenolic heat reactive which contains bromomethyl groups (28% bromine), vulcanizes unsaturated elastomers of both the functional group containing variety, and those containing unsaturation as the sole reactive moiety. Fillers have their usual effects on the vulcanizates. At the present time, most of the work has been done on liquid elastomers although work is currently progressing on the higher strength solid elastomers. We envision initial application of this new cure system in caulking compounds, sealants, adhesives, coatings, propellant binders, potting, and encapsulating compounds. The advantages of this system are a low temperature vulcanization and formation of light colored stocks. Perhaps the scorchy nature of this cure system can be put to use in applications requiring faster cure times at lower temperatures.
Inkjet-printed sensors on paper substrate for agricultural applications (2013)

In this paper, recent progresses in inkjet-printed sensors on paper substrate is introduced. The advantages of inkjet-printing technology and paper substrate for agricultural applications are discussed. Inkjet-printed RFID-enabled sensor, inkjet-printed retro-directive dual band transponder and inkjet-printed sensor platform are presented as design examples.
TIME DOMAIN MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF A COUPLED DVR-STATCOM (UPFC) SYSTEM (2002)

The harmonic interaction of the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) and the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) with their associated cou- pling transformers' non-linearities is presented in this paper. Henceforth, the analysis of these controllers has been reported in the open literature by separate, taking no account of the harmonic interactions between them nor of their interactions with their associated trans- formers. Aiming at advancing the state of the art, this paper presents a three-phase model for the DVR, the STATCOM and the coupling transformers, which are described by a set of ordinary differential equations, and used to study power quality and harmonics prob- lems. The DVR and the STATCOM are connected in a back-to-back tie scheme sharing a DC-link capacitor. The STATCOM provides the active power required to maintain constant DC-link voltage and the DVR injects a voltage in series with the load in order to compensate for voltage sags and swells.
Proximity and Contact Sensor for Human Cooperative Robot by Combining Time-of-Flight and Self-Capacitance Sensors (2020)

In recent years, human cooperative robots (HCRs) have attracted considerable attention. HCRs should be equipped with proximity and contact sensors to ensure human safety. This study combines time-of-flight (ToF) and self-capacitance sensors to obtain proximity and contact sensors for HCRs. ToF sensor can determine the distance between an object and sensor in the proximity range; however, the detection accuracy decreases in a close range. The self-capacitance proximity sensor can detect objects before and during contact; it has high sensitivity in close range. For proximity measurements with high sensitivity and wide range, it is possible to combine the ToF and self-capacitance sensors. We modularized one sensor and connected the other sensor module using a serial bus; the sensor covered the entire HCR surface to ensure human safety. In this sensor, it is possible to obtain efficient measurements for distance ranging 300-0 mm. The prototype 24 pieces of sensor modules were established on the robot arm and these sensor modules detected the object's position without establishing any contact and detected the human touch. Additionally, the robot arm was controlled in real time based on the sensor information. We believe the proposed sensor system can be employed as a proximity and contact sensor for HCRs.
Restoration seedbanks for mined land restoration (2022)

Restoration seedbanks have become a key infrastructure resource in efforts to restore damaged and degraded environments across the globe. Large‐scale ecological restoration typically utilizes large volumes of valuable, usually wild‐collected seeds, but insufficient knowledge of seed biology (including storage requirements in some cases) and ecology for many species continues to hamper the utility of restoration seedbanks to meet this rising demand. Poor germination and establishment when seeds are deployed from seedbanks can stem from factors such as premature seed collection, low seed quality, poor processing, handling and storage, variable seed quality from year to year, and, critically, insufficient understanding of seed dormancy, seed germination traits, and the ecological requirements for germination stimulation. While these factors may impact the success of seed‐based ecological restoration both synergistically and idiosyncratically, they can be universally addressed by adopting best practice principles in seedbank management and operation and through an improved understanding of the seed biology and ecology of stored species. Drawing upon an industry case study in seedbanking for post‐mining ecological restoration, we outline how optimizing seed storage conditions and a focus on seed biology and ecology in the operation of a restoration seedbank can deliver broad and immediate benefit and cost‐efficiency to native seed use. Such improvements are crucial in developing more effective approaches for returning biodiverse plant communities to highly modified landscapes and are foundational for meeting the aspirations for ecological restoration at global scales in the coming decade.
Collision efficiency factor of bubble and particle (alpha bp) in DAF: theory and experimental verification. (2001)

The collision efficiency factor of bubble and particle (alpha bp) in dissolved air flotation (DAF) can be calculated theoretically by trajectory analysis, which takes into account both hydrodynamics and interparticle forces. To determine the theoretically optimum particle size for any given bubble size, a collision efficiency diagram for DAF was developed where collision efficiency is contoured on a plane of particle and bubble sizes for different conditions of particle zeta potential. A set of experiments tested the validity of the suggested collision efficiency diagram, and examined whether pretreatment is important and why slight coagulant overdosing and shorter flocculation times are generally preferred in DAF, both current accepted practice. Batch DAF reactors were used and kaolin samples were prepared from jar tests using different alum dosages and flocculation times. The particle size distribution, particle zeta potential, and turbidity removal in each experiment were measured, as were bubble size and zeta potential. The results agreed well with the predictions of the collision efficiency diagram and explained current practices. A collision efficiency diagram identifies the pretreatment goal, i.e., tailoring of the optimum characteristics required of particles (zeta potential and size) under existing operational bubble characteristic.
SPME and solvent-based GC–MS metabolite profiling of Egyptian marketed Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. concerning its anticancer activity (2021)

Saussurea costus Falc with synonymous Aucklandia costus, S. lappa, and A. lappa, is an ancient perennial plant native to Himalayan region. S. costus possesses an ethnopharmacological background for treating diarrhea, tenesmus, dyspepsia, vomiting, inflammation, and age-related diseases because it contains many chemical compounds with different biological potentials. In the current study, we investigated the phytochemical constituents of S. costus and its anticancer potential against human colon (HCT116) and hepatic (HepG2) cancer cell lines. In the current study, we identified 122 different chemical compounds using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method and investigated its extract's in vitro anticancer activity. Dehydrocostus lactone, β-caryophyllene oxide, anethole, costunolide, β-sitosterol, and γ-bisabolene were recognized by GC–MS to have an anticancer potential as stated in published studies. Vanillosmin, santolinatriene and β-Sitosterol were identified for the first time in costus oil. Therefore, in the current study, S. costus extract induced apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects against HCT116 and HepG2 cancer cell lines using in vitro and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models. Furthermore, S. costus extract has successfully potentiated the anticancer effect of doxorubicin (Dox), the common chemotherapeutic agent for different cancer type treatment. We can consider S. costus extract as a promising agent for human colon and hepatic cancers either alone or combined with Dox.
Estimation of the effective area of the controlled-clearance pressure balance for pressures up to 500 MPa (2008)

We are now developing a new controlled-clearance (CC) pressure balance with the aim of improving the hydraulic pressure standard. The effective areas of the three kinds of CC piston-cylinders, whose maximum pressures are 100 MPa, 200 MPa, and 500 MPa, were estimated based on the Ileydemann-Welch model. To estimate the pressure dependence of the effective area, two characterization experiments, fall-rate and cross-float measurements, were performed. In this paper, the procedures for the characterization experiments are explained in detail. Then, results of the experiments for the 100 MPa CC piston-cylinder are presented. To verify our estimation of the effective area based on the Heydemann-Welch model, piston-cylinders were calibrated against the evaluated CC piston-cylinders and against our current pressure scale separately. Then, two results were compared in terms of the pressure distortion coefficient. For all pressure ranges, two results were in good agreement with each other. It is found that the estimation of the pressure dependence of the effective area is consistent with our current pressure scale.
Simultaneous mutations in translation initiation factors eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E are required to prevent pepper veinal mottle virus infection of pepper (2006)

Capsicum resistance to Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV) results from complementation between the pvr2 and pvr6 resistance genes: recessive alleles at these two loci are necessary for resistance, whereas any dominant allele confers susceptibility. In line with previous results showing that pvr2 resistance alleles encode mutated versions of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), the involvement of other members of the eIF4E multigenic family in PVMV resistance was investigated. It was demonstrated that pvr6 corresponds to an eIF(iso)4E gene, predicted to encode the second cap-binding isoform identified in plants. Comparative genetic mapping in pepper and tomato indicated that eIF(iso)4E maps in the same genomic region as pvr6. Sequence analysis revealed an 82 nt deletion in eIF(iso)4E cDNAs from genotypes with the pvr6 resistance allele, leading to a truncated protein. This deletion was shown to co-segregate with pvr6 in doubled haploid and F(2) progeny. Transient expression in a PVMV-resistant genotype of eIF(iso)4E derived from a genotype with the pvr6(+) susceptibility allele resulted in loss of resistance to subsequent PVMV inoculation, confirming that pvr6 encodes the translation factor eIF(iso)4E. Similarly, transient expression of eIF4E from a genotype with the pvr2(+)-eIF4E susceptibility allele also resulted in loss of resistance, demonstrating that wild-type eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E are susceptibility factors for PVMV and that resistance results from the combined effect of mutations in the two cap-binding isoforms. Thus, whilst most potyviruses specifically require one eIF4E isoform to perform their replication cycle, PVMV uses either eIF4E or eIF(iso)4E for infection of pepper.
Extracellular vesicles in lung health, disease, and therapy (2019)

Both physiological homeostasis and pathological disease processes in the lung typically result from complex, yet coordinated multicellular responses that are synchronized via paracrine and endocrine intercellular communication pathways. Of late, extracellular vesicles have emerged as important information shuttles that can coordinate and disseminate homeostatic and disease signals. In parallel, extracellular vesicles in biological fluids such as sputum, mucus, epithelial lining fluid, edema fluid, the pulmonary circulation, pleural fluid, and lymphatics have emerged as promising candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in lung disease. Extracellular vesicles are small, subcellular, membrane-bound vesicles containing cargos from parent cells such as lipids, proteins, genetic information, or entire organelles. These cargos endow extracellular vesicles with biologically active information or functions by which they can reprogram their respective target cells. Recent studies show that extracellular vesicles found in lung-associated biological fluids play key roles as biomarkers and effectors of disease. Conversely, administration of naïve or engineered extracellular vesicles with homeostatic or reparative effects may provide a promising novel protective and regenerative strategy to treat lung disease. To highlight this rapidly developing field, the <i>American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology</i> is now launching a special Call for Papers on extracellular vesicles in lung health, disease, and therapy. This review aims to set the stage for this call by introducing extracellular vesicles and their emerging roles in lung physiology and pathobiology.
Heterogeneous nuclear RNA‐ribonucleoprotein F binds to DNA via an oligo(dG)‐motif and is associated with RNA polymerase II (1999)

The above results suggest that hnRNP-F is associated with a transcriptional initiation apparatus that includes RNA pol II. The DNA-binding ability of hnRNP-F might facilitate the entry of pre-mRNA modification/splicing factors at a promoter.