gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of lung irradiation on the incidence of pulmonary metastases in mice (1973)

Intravenous injection of KHT sarcoma cells into syngeneic C3H mice produces tumour nodules or colonies the number of which is directly proportional to the number of viable cells injected. Localized irradiation of the lungs prior to cell injection was found to increase the number of lung colonies arising from the injection of a given number of tumour cells. This increase was (a) dose-dependent, (b) transitory in nature, and (c) resulted from a reduced clearance of viable tumour cells from the capillaries of the lungs.
Organophosphorus π‐Conjugated Materials (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Full Discrete Modeling, Controller Design, and Sensitivity Analysis for High-Performance Grid-Forming Converters in Islanded Microgrids (2018)

Recent works have shown that the state-feedback decoupling of capacitor voltage allows for drastic bandwidth enlarging of current controllers for grid-forming converters in islanded microgrids. Furthermore, Smith predictor and lead compensation have been also proved as very effective implementations for compensating the controller delays. These features are key to fulfill demanding requirements in terms of voltage regulation in islanded applications. This work deepens in the discrete-time domain modeling and implementation issues of the above-mentioned techniques. A full discrete-time and sensitivity analyses reveal phenomena not properly modeled in previous works, which limits the performance: the presence of high-frequency oscillations due to discrete poles with negative real part. Subsequently, proper design countermeasures (i.e., limit bandwidth) are proposed. Discrete implementation of the voltage controller is also addressed, and design guidelines are provided. Experimental tests in accordance with the high demanding standards for uninterruptible power supply systems verify the theoretical analysis.
Targeted Glycemic Reduction in Critical Care Using Closed-Loop Control (2005)

Tight stepwise control was exhibited in all cases, and the adaptive system was able to match the model and observed patient dynamics. Most errors are associated with external perturbations such as drug therapies, or mismodeled parameters that can be easily adjusted with longer trials and/or more data per hour. The overall result is targeted stepwise tight glycemic regulation using insulin boluses.
Initial characterisation of adult human ovarian cell populations isolated by DDX4 expression and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (2018)

The existence of a population of putative stem cells with germline developmental potential (oogonial stem cells: OSCs) in the adult mammalian ovary has been marked by controversy over isolation methodology and potential for in-vitro transformation, particularly where cell sorting has been based on expression of DEAD box polypeptide 4 (DDX4). This study describes a refined tissue dissociation/fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) protocol for the ovaries of adult women which results in increased cell viability and yield of putative OSCs. A FACS technique incorporating dual-detection of DDX4 with aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) demonstrates the existence of two sub-populations of small DDX4-positive cells (approx. 7 µm diameter) with ALDH1 activity, distinguished by expression of differentially spliced DDX4 transcripts and of DAZL, a major regulator of germ cell differentiation. These may indicate stages of differentiation from a progenitor population and provide a likely explanation for the expression disparities reported previously. These findings provide a robust basis for the further characterisation of these cells, and exploration of their potential physiological roles and therapeutic application.
[The study of polymorphism of dopamine D2 receptor gene in men from different ethnic groups with acute alcoholic psychosis]. (2000)

The polymerase chain reaction of DNA synthesis was used to analyze the polymorphism of TaqI A and NcoI loci of dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) in 170 Tatar and Russian males with acute alcoholic psychosis. No differences were found in the distribution of frequencies of genotypes and alleles of DRD2 gene between the populations. There were differences in the distribution of the frequencies of genotypes of the locus TaqI A and haplotypes of the gene DRD2 were revealed between patients and controls of the same nationality; moreover these differences were significant in the Russians. The findings suggest that alcoholics show a selection aimed at eliminating individuals with haplotypes who carry Al and N2 alleles and who are homozygous by one of these alleles. This may account for a decrease in the frequency of locus TaqI A genotypes carrying A1 allele, primarily A1/A1 homozygotes and for the loss of haplotypes of TaqI A and NcoI loci of the gene DRD2 -A1N1N2, A1A2N2 in men with acute alcoholic psychosis as compared with the controls.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND RK. VON 2‐AETHYL‐ ODER 2‐PHENYL‐MERCAPTO‐CYCLOALKENONEN‐(2) (1972)

Abstract Aus den Äthylmercaptoalkanonen (I) und Dimethylsulfat bzw. p‐Tosyl‐methylester werden die Sulfoniumsalze (II) erhalten.
COVID-19 and Kawasaki Disease: Novel Virus and Novel Case (2020)

In the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we are seeing widespread disease burden affecting patients of all ages across the globe. However, much remains to be understood as clinicians, epidemiologists, and researchers alike are working to describe and characterize the disease process while caring for patients at the frontlines. We describe the case of a 6-month-old infant admitted and diagnosed with classic Kawasaki disease, who also screened positive for COVID-19 in the setting of fever and minimal respiratory symptoms. The patient was treated per treatment guidelines, with intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose aspirin, and subsequently defervesced with resolution of her clinical symptoms. The patient's initial echocardiogram was normal, and she was discharged within 48 hours of completion of her intravenous immunoglobulin infusion, with instruction to quarantine at home for 14 days from the date of her positive test results for COVID-19. Further study of the clinical presentation of pediatric COVID-19 and the potential association with Kawasaki disease is warranted, as are the indications for COVID-19 testing in the febrile infant.
Synthesis of Vicinal Dimethyl Chirons by Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Trisubstituted Alkenes (2009)

Roche ester derivatives were converted to trisubstituted alkenes with allylic chiral centers. Hydrogenation of these substrates with chiral analogues of Crabtree's catalyst, specifically, an optically active carbene oxazoline derivative, were found to be mostly catalyst controlled. However, the peripheral functionalities and protecting groups had significant effects and could be adjusted to give high stereoselectivities. The upshot of this work is that alpha,omega-functionalized chirons to introduce 1,2-dimethyl functionalities into acyclic chains have been developed.
Glycosaminoglycans Interact Selectively with Chemokines and Modulate Receptor Binding and Cellular Responses (1999)

Chemokines selectively recruit and activate a variety of cells during inflammation. Interactions between cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and chemokines drive the formation of haptotactic or immobilized gradients of chemokines at the site of inflammation, directing this recruitment. Chemokines bind to glycosaminoglycans on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with affinities in the micromolar range: RANTES > MCP-1 > IL-8 > MIP-1alpha. This binding can be competed with by soluble glycosaminoglycans: heparin, heparin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and dermatan sulfate. RANTES binding showed the widest discrimination between glycosaminoglycans (700-fold), whereas MIP-1alpha was the least selective. Almost identical results were obtained in an assay using heparin sulfate beads as the source of immobilized glycosaminoglycan. The binding of chemokines to glycosaminoglycan fragments has a strong length dependence, and optimally requires both N- and O-sulfation. Isothermal titration calorimetry data confirm these results; IL-8 binds heparin fragments with a K(d) of 0.39-2.63 microM, and requires five saccharide units to bind each monomer of chemokine. In membranes from cells expressing the G-protein-coupled chemokine receptors CXCR1, CXCR2, and CCR1, soluble GAGs inhibit the binding of chemokine ligands to their receptors. Consistent with this, heparin and heparin sulfate could inhibit IL-8-induced neutrophil calcium flux. Chemokines can therefore form complexes with both cell surface and soluble GAGs; these interactions have different functions. Soluble GAG chemokines complexes are unable to bind the receptor, resulting in a block of the biological activity. Previously, we have shown that cell surface GAGs present chemokines to the G-protein-coupled receptors, by increasing the local concentration of protein. A model is presented which brings together all of these data. The selectivity in the chemokine-GAG interaction suggests selective disruption of the haptotactic gradient may be an achievable therapeutic approach in inflammatory disease.
Thermally Induced Reversible Self‐Assembly of Apoferritin–Block Copolymer Complexes (2019)

Outside Back Cover: In article number 1900308 by Mauri A. Kostiainen and co-workers, native apoferritin protein cages self-assemble in aqueous media into large complexes when complexed with synthetic block copolymers. The complexes can reversibly assemble and disassemble with varying temperature and are sensitive to the electrolyte concentration of the solution. No chemical modification of the proteins is needed and complexation is achieved through supramolecular interactions, enabling full recovery of the components.
JAVELIN ovarian PARP 100 study design: Phase III trial of avelumab + chemotherapy followed by avelumab + talazoparib maintenance in previously untreated epithelial ovarian cancer. (2019)

TPS9 Background: Preclinical studies suggest that chemotherapy (CTX) and PARP inhibitors may increase tumor antigenicity, providing a rationale for combined treatment with checkpoint inhibitors in patients (pts) with ovarian cancer (OC). Talazoparib is a potent, orally bioavailable PARP inhibitor with a dual mechanism (PARP trapping and enzyme inhibition) that has shown clinical activity in BRCA-mutated OC and is a US-approved treatment for BRCA-mutated HER2– breast cancer. Avelumab is an anti–PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor approved for the treatment of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma and advanced platinum-treated urothelial carcinoma. In phase 1b studies, avelumab showed antitumor activity and acceptable safety in pts with platinum-resistant OC. The JAVELIN Ovarian PARP 100 trial is evaluating the efficacy of avelumab + CTX followed by avelumab + talazoparib maintenance compared with CTX + bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab maintenance in pts with previously untreated epithelial OC. Methods: JAVELIN Ovarian PARP 100 is a phase 3, randomized, open-label, multicenter trial. Eligible pts have previously untreated Stage III-IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer; are candidates for platinum-based CTX + bevacizumab; and have completed primary debulking surgery or are candidates for neoadjuvant CTX with planned interval debulking surgery. Approximately 720 pts will be randomized in a 2.5:1:2.5 ratio to receive: CTX (paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 + carboplatin AUC 5/6 IV Q3W for 6 cycles) + avelumab (800 mg IV Q3W) followed by avelumab (800 mg Q2W) + talazoparib (0.75 mg QD orally) maintenance for up to 24 months (Arm A); CTX followed by talazoparib (0.75 mg QD) maintenance for up to 24 months (Arm B); or CTX + bevacizumab (15 mg/kg IV Q3W) followed by bevacizumab (15 mg/kg Q3W) maintenance for up to 21 doses or 22 per local approval (Arm C). Pts are stratified by germline BRCA1/2 mutation and resection status. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS) by blinded independent central review per RECIST v1.1. Other endpoints include overall survival, PFS2, health-related quality of life, and PK. Clinical trial information: NCT03642132.
Bone Ninja app as a body image simulation tool for shared decision-making (2019)

Background: Reconstruction of preoperative digital photographs to simulate surgery outcomes is a common practice in esthetic surgery and is proven to enhance shared decision-making. Methods: We used the Bone Ninja app to visualize postoperative results of limb deformity correction. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use a body image simulation to predict orthopedic surgery. Results: Two patients decided to undergo surgery only after seeing the postoperative simulation. Two patients reported that the actual postoperative results were identical to the simulation, and one patient said that it was very similar. Conclusion: In the authors' opinion, it is a useful educational tool resulting in lesser decisional conflict and unrealistic expectations, better understanding, and improved satisfaction with results. It also helps surgeons with accurate planning and better judgment regarding esthetics.
Integrated reciprocating optical modulator using phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (2005)

We fabricated an integrated reciprocating optical modulator consisting of a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating and an optical high-speed phase modulator. High-order double sideband components were effectively generated by reciprocating modulation process. We also demonstrated photonic millimeter-wave generation by feeding the double-sideband components to a high-speed photodetector.
Cognitive Radar Approaches to Address Interference Mitigation in Mobility Applications (2022)

As the new generation of automotive radars become an integral part of advanced driver assistance and autonomous driving systems, a widespread adoption of these radars is expected in the next few years. This also creates scenarios in which a large number of radars would frequently be in close proximity, and thus, they will interfere each other and result in safety and reliability issues. One solution to this problem is sensing of the spectrum and cognitively avoiding the time and frequency occupied by the other radars. This paper addresses two interference related topics in a DCM radar: the sensing and rapid monitoring of time-frequency spectrum with addition of simple logic on digital front-end and re-use of the logic typically used for doppler processing, and a time-domain adaptive filter for cancelling FMCW signals when an interferer cannot be avoided during heavy congestion. It is shown that both techniques pave the way for interference avoidance and interference mitigation in a DCM radar
Novel converter topologies for a two-phase switched reluctance motor with fully pitched windings (2002)

This paper presents a description and experimental results of a drive which employs a novel two phase switched reluctance motor with two fully pitched windings, based on a principle originally proposed for three phase machines. This differs from a conventional short pitched machine in that the fully pitched machine develops torque as a result of interactions between the two windings, as opposed to changes in self inductance of the individual windings. This form of winding gives rise to some unusual drive requirements, in particular continuous direct current in one winding, which offer potential benefits in the component count and ratings of the drive electronics. An experimental motor has been constructed along with a number of power converters. Experimental results for the different converters are presented and their relative merits discussed.
Fixed-Time Synergetic Control for a Seven-Dimensional Chaotic Power System Model (2019)

Differing from the existing literature that only focus on controlling some simple chaotic power system models, this paper aims to control chaotic oscillations in complex seven-dimensional power system model. First, based on fixed-time stability theory, a novel fixed-time synergetic controller is proposed to make its macro variable enter into an invariant manifold within a fixed-time upper bound by a constant, depending only on control parameters that can be changed by the designer and calculated theoretically. The presented controller can eliminate chattering and achieve exact convergence of the macro variable. Then, the proposed control method is applied to suppress chaos in the seven-dimensional power system model. Based on the important idea that chaotic oscillation in a power system is caused by its excess energy, a model of energy storage device controller is employed in the controller design process to absorb active power from the entire controlled system. Finally, several simulation examples are given to confirm the effectiveness, the superiority and the robustness of the proposed control scheme. Compared with the existing literature, a relatively general method of suppressing chaotic oscillations in power systems is developed.
Positioning hydrogen atoms by optimizing hydrogen-bond networks in protein structures (1996)

A method is presented that positions polar hydrogen atoms in protein structures by optimizing the total hydrogen bond energy. For this goal, an empirical hydrogen bond force field was derived from small molecule crystal structures. Bifurcated hydrogen bonds are taken into account. The procedure also predicts ionization states of His, Asp, and Glu residues. During optimization, side-chain conformations of His, Gln, and Asn residues are allowed to change their last chi angle by 180 degrees to compensate for crystallographic misassignments. Crystal structure symmetry is taken into account where appropriate. The results can have significant implications for molecular dynamics simulations, protein engineering, and docking studies. The largest impact, however, is in protein structure verification: over 85% of protein structures tested can be improved by using our procedure.
Performance comparison of LSMS and conventional diffuse and hybrid optical wireless techniques in a real indoor environment (2005)

Performance evaluations were carried out for indoor optical wireless systems in three different environments. Channel characteristics of infrared links have been evaluated under various conditions including an empty room, a room with glass windows and a door, and a room that has very strong shadowing effects caused by mini cubical offices. The corresponding results have been analysed and compared for conventional diffuse/hybrid systems (CDS/CHS) and line strip multibeam transmitter systems (LSMS) that use spot diffusing techniques. Eight directive lamps represented the ambient light noise and allowed further signal impairments to be taken into account. Under these conditions, results indicate that LSMS can reduce pulse spread by factors of 11 and 24 compared to the maximum delay spread associated with CDS and CHS respectively. Furthermore, LSMS links can increase the SNR by more than 50 dB compared to the CDS and CHS.
Technical accuracy of an O-arm registered surgical navigator (2011)

The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of a commercial surgical navigator using optical tracking modality with automated registration between O-arm images and the scanned object. Automated registration was enabled by using the spine navigation software of the navigator. The used phantom was designed by the authors of this paper. The surgical navigators and the O-arm are routinely used at Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. The distances measured with the surgical navigator from the fixed origin of the phantom were compared to the known phantom accuracy assessment coordinates. The error of the surgical navigator was the difference between measured and true values. The mean displacement error was 0.20 mm with a standard deviation of 0.14 mm. The results show that automated registration is very reliable for image guided surgery (IGS) and that the present accuracy assessment method can be used to periodically check surgical navigator accuracy using O-arm data.
How many specific B cells are needed to protect against a virus? (1994)

The size of the Ab repertoire has been estimated to comprise theoretically somewhere between > 10(10) and approximately 10(4) specificities, dependent on the criteria used. In an attempt to estimate the anti-viral protective Ab repertoire of the mouse the B cell and Ab-forming cell (AFC) frequencies and protective neutralizing Ab levels during the course of an infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were analyzed. Determination of AFC frequencies, limiting dilution assays, and adoptive transfer experiments to SCID mice revealed that during the acute phase (day 8) of the immune response, more than 50% of all IgG2a-producing AFCs were specific for VSV, most of them recognizing the neutralizing determinant. In a later phase (days 21 or 50), 10 to 20 times fewer VSV-specific AFCs were present, corresponding to a frequency of approximately 1:10(4) spleen cells. Finally, in a protection assay in SCID mice, adoptively transferred protective Ab concentrations were found to be approximately 1 to 10 micrograms Ab/ml mouse serum. Because during the memory phase of the anti-VSV response usually 10(4) AFC/mouse are engaged to maintain a high level of memory IgG against the neutralizing determinant on VSV and if one assumes a total number of about 10(6) AFCs/mouse, these data suggest a rather limited neutralizing anti-viral protective memory-AFC repertoire of 10(2) to 10(4) different specificities.
Identification of a novel B-cell epitope of restricted specificity on the hsp 65-kDa protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1991)

A B-cell epitope on the carboxy-terminal region of the mycobacterial 65-kDa heat shock protein that distinguishes Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Mycobacterium bovis BCG from Mycobacterium leprae was identified by two novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), Ne5 and Nd4. These mAbs also showed a limited cross reactivity with mycobacterial species belonging to M. tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium avium complex with the exception of Mycobacterium vaccae. Characterization of the epitope recognized by these mAbs was done with M. bovis BCG 65-kDa fusion proteins expressed in Escherichia coli encoding various segments of the 65-kDa protein. Our results together with those reported in literature indicated that this epitope resides in the highly divergent region of amino acid residues 525 to 540. This B-cell epitope on the 65-kDa protein of M. tuberculosis/M. bovis BCG has not been recognized by previously reported mAbs, although the analogous epitope sequence of M. leprae 65-kDa has been identified by a known mAb (IIIC8) reported in the literature. Therefore Ne5/Nd4 epitope could be considered important in studying the differential immune response of the host against infections with M. tuberculosis complex /M. avium complex and M. leprae.