gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methotrexate Conjugated to Gold Nanoparticles Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Syngeneic Lung Tumor Model (2007)

Methotrexate (MTX), a stoichiometric inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, is a chemotherapeutic agent for treating a variety of neoplasms. Impairment of drug import into cells and increase in drug export from cells may render cells resistant to MTX. MTX, when locally administered in a soluble form, is rapidly absorbed through capillaries into the circulatory system, which may also account for therapeutic failure in patients. To retain MTX within tumor cells for longer duration and alter its pharmacokinetic behavior, we proposed a new formulation of MTX bound to the gold nanoparticle (AuNP) that serves as drug carriers. In this study, we developed the MTX-AuNP conjugate and examined its cytotoxic effect in vitro and antitumor effect in vivo. Spectroscopic examinations revealed that MTX can be directly bound onto AuNP via the carboxyl group (-COOH) to form the MTX-AuNP complex and kinetically released from the nanoparticles. The accumulation of MTX is faster and higher in tumor cells treated with MTX-AuNP than that treated with free MTX. Notably, MTX-AuNP shows higher cytotoxic effects on several tumor cell lines compared with an equal dose of free MTX. This can be attributed to the "concentrated effect" of MTX-AuNP. Administration of MTX-AuNP suppresses tumor growth in a mouse ascites model of Lewis lung carcinoma (LL2), whereas an equal dose of free MTX had no antitumor effect. In conclusion, these results suggest that by combining nanomaterials with anticancer drugs MTX-AuNP may be more effective than free MTX for cancer treatment.
ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL INTERFERENCE SOURCES AND ASSESSMENT OF PRESENT SOLUTIONS FOR GPS/GNSS RECEIVERS (1997)

Many experiments are presently being carried out on the future DGPS-based approach and landing systems to improve the quality of aircraft navigation. The use of C/A -code receivers for aeronautical applications requires high reliability and integrity. This study is an investigation of the potential sources of electromagnetic interference for the Standard Positioning Service of the GPS receivers using the C/A code and navigating inside an avionic environment. Radio-frequency emissions from several communication systems using frequencies adjacent to the GPS and GLONASS bands present considerable problems for the GNSS reception. An overcrowded frequency spectrum and weak GPS signals make RF interferen ce from a variety of sources a potential threat that must be examined with care. This paper intends to give an overview of the potential sources of interference and their solutions. These sources of RFI are identified, and the vulnerability of GPS and GNSS to that interference is assessed. The study procures a quantitative comprehension of the impact of interference. The most important sources of interference are studied in terms of their technical characteristics, their jamming distance and the isolation or the rejection requirements needed to keep the good performance of the receiver. Candidate mitigation techniques are also examined, and selected techniques are recommended for adoption in appropriate standards.
Making Eosinophils Through Subtle Shifts in Transcription Factor Expression (2002)

More than a century after eosinophil granulocytes were baptized by Paul Ehrlich their role in defense mechanisms against parasitic infections and in allergic reactions has been firmly established ([1][1]). In contrast to the wealth of functional knowledge about these cells, their developmental
The lambda sign at 10–14 weeks of gestation as a predictor of chorionicity in twin pregnancies (1996)

Chorionicity was prospectively determined in 369 twin pregnancies by ultrasound at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Pregnancies were classified as monochorionic if there was a single placental mass in the absence of the lambda sign at the inter-twin membrane-placental junction, and dichorionic if there was a single placental mass but the lambda sign was present, or the placentas were not adjacent to each other. In 81 (22%) cases, the pregnancies were classified as monochorionic and in 288 (78%) as dichorionic. Pregnancy outcome was available in 279 cases and all 63 of these pregnancies classified as monochorionic resulted in the delivery of same-sex twins. Similarly, all 100 different-sex pairs were correctly classified as dichorionic. These findings demonstrate the high reliability of ultrasound examination at 10-14 weeks of gestation in determining chorionicity in twin pregnancies.
Conformational transitions of a free amino-acid-functionalized polythiophene induced by different buffer systems (2002)

A chiral, 3-substituted polythiophene with an amino-acid function shows pH-dependent visible, emission and circular dichroism spectra in buffered aqueous solution. At pH equal to the pI of the amino-acid, the backbone adopts a nonplanar right-handed helical conformation and the polymer chains are separated from each other. Increasing pH leads to a more planar conformation of the backbone and an aggregation of the polymer chains occurs. A lower pH will also lead to a more planar conformation of the backbone, but aggregation of the polymer chains appears to be absent. The aggregates are disrupted by increasing ionic strength in alkaline buffer systems, indicating hydrogen bonding is important for aggregation. On the other hand, ions containing an amino group and one or more hydroxyl groups induce a more planar conformation of the polymer backbone.
Title: DP Assisted Offloading Operations in Brazilian Waters (2009)

In this paper, several aspects regarding DP assisted offloading operations in Brazilian Waters are discussed. The main objective of such work is to define a more accurate set of premises to the design of the DP System of the new Shuttle Tankers (ST) that will operate in Brazilian waters and to expose the actions that Brazilian scientific and industry communities are taking to define those premises. Initially, important issues of the Brazilian regulatory guideline related to the operation are addressed, focusing on the safety procedures and DP-ST design requirements. Full scale measurements of a DP offloading operation were done, considering all stages of the operation: approach to the FPSO, connection, oil transfer and disconnection. The results of such monitoring campaign were used to validate the Numerical Offshore Tank time domain simulator (TPN), and the main results are presented in the paper. Some numerical studies concerning comparison between DP and non-DP offloading operations are presented. Such studies were carried out using the TPN simulator, considering normal situations, extreme environmental conditions and failure scenarios. A procedure to evaluate the operational downtime, based on numerical simulations is also presented. Small scale model of typical Brazilian DPST’s were also built, and ocean basin experiments were done. Preliminary results are discussed. Finally, novel research topics related to such operation are addressed, related to the hydrodynamic and aerodynamic interference between the FPSO and the ST. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), small scale experiments and numerical models are being used to evaluate the impact of such effects on the dynamics of the ST and on the DP System power requirement.
Photoluminescence of porous silicon layers produced with the help of laser radiation (1995)

The time resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra of nanocrystalline Si layers formed with the help of YAG laser ((lambda) equals 1.06 micrometers , E<SUB>p</SUB> equals 0.3 J, t<SUB>p</SUB> equals 2 X 10<SUP>-4</SUP> s) modification of the monocrystalline Si were investigated. PL was excited by pulse nitrogen laser ((lambda) equals 337 nm, t<SUB>p</SUB> equals 7 X 10<SUP>-9</SUP> s, E<SUB>p</SUB> equals 2 X 10<SUP>-5</SUP> J). It was established a prominent manifestation of the blue band ((lambda) equals 420 nm). There are two sets of time decays observed in PL relaxation spectra. The fast decays are observed in the wide band from 420 to 700 nm while the slow time decays are observed in wave range from 500 to 850 nm. An analysis of the amplitude and time characteristics of PL spectra allow to conclude that the fast time decays are determined by volume energy levels in nanocrystalline wires with a variable cross-section and with the short lengths conditioned by the laser induced high defects concentration. The slow part of PL kinetics is approximated by stretched exponent, characteristic of disordered systems, has exponential spectra dependence. This attests the predominance of the tunneling mechanism controlling the velocity of recombination. The obtained results count in favor of quantum confinement model of the porous silicon (PS) origin. From practical terms the laser assisted method proposed may be useful for the pattern designed PS layers formation despite of the methods using the photoresist of ion implantation.
Global mortality associated with seasonal influenza epidemics: New burden estimates and predictors from the GLaMOR Project (2019)

Our global estimate of influenza-associated excess respiratory mortality is consistent with the 2017 estimate, despite a different modelling strategy, and the lower 2019 estimate which only captured deaths directly caused by influenza. Our finding that baseline respiratory mortality and access to health care are associated with influenza-related mortality in persons <65 years suggests that health care improvements in low and middle-income countries might substantially reduce seasonal influenza mortality. Our estimates add to the body of evidence on the variation in influenza burden over time and geography, and begin to address the relationship between influenza-associated mortality, health and development.
Controllable preparation, rheology, and plugging property of micron‐grade polyacrylamide microspheres as a novel profile control and flooding agent (2013)

ABSTRACT A series of micron‐grade polyacrylamide microspheres were prepared by inverse suspension polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and N , N ′‐methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) in oil phase, with Span80 and Tween80 as dispersion stabilizers, and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. The conversion rate and coagulum rate were introduced to optimize the inverse suspension polymerization conditions of micron‐grade polyacrylamide microspheres. The swelling property of polyacrylamide microspheres in aqueous solution and the rheology of polyacrylamide microspheres suspension were characterized. The matching factor was introduced to characterize the matching relationship between the particle size of polyacrylamide microspheres and pore‐throat size of reservoirs. The optimized synthesis results show that the conversion rate is high, and the coagulum rate is low when the mass ratio of Span80 to Tween80 is 3 : 1. The particle size of the polyacrylamide microspheres is controlled by varying the concentration of dispersion stabilizer. The polyacrylamide microspheres show an obvious swelling property, which depends on the concentration of NaCl and temperature. The polyacrylamide microspheres suspension shows different rheological properties at different temperature and shear rate. When the temperature is low, it behaves as pseudoplastic fluid, dilatant fluid and quasi‐newtonian fluid in turn with the increase of shear rate. When the temperature is high, it behaves as dilatant fluid and quasi‐newtonian fluid in turn with the increase of shear rate. The micron‐grade polyacrylamide microspheres prefer to plug sand pack with optimal matching factor. When the matching factor is 1.35–1.55, the polyacrylamide microspheres can be transported into the deep area of sand pack, and the ultimate plugging rate is more than 85%, which indicates that the matching factor is an effective parameter to evaluate the matching relationship between polyacrylamide microspheres and reservoirs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1124‐1130, 2013
Long-Term Effects of Tacrine on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease (1995)

7 of 9 patients in the tacrine group were clinically unchanged or slightly improved during the study time. In the untreated group 8 of 11 patients had deteriorated in clinical assessments and none had improved. Long-term tacrine treatment in Alzheimer's disease may delay the progression of symptoms.
Whole exome sequencing identifies ATRX mutation as a key molecular determinant in lower-grade glioma (2012)

The molecular foundations of lower-grade gliomas (LGGs)-astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and oligoastrocytoma-remain less well characterized than those of their fully malignant counterpart, glioblastoma. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) likely represent initiating pathogenic events. However, while IDH mutations appear to dramatically alter cellular epigenomic landscapes, definitive downstream transformative mechanisms have not been characterized. It remains likely, therefore, that additional genomic abnormalities collaborate with IDH mutation to drive oncogenesis in LGG. We performed whole exome sequencing in 4 LGGs, followed by focused resequencing in an additional 28, and found a high incidence of mutations in the ATRX gene (α thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked). ATRX forms a core component of a chromatin remodeling complex active in telomere biology. Mutations in ATRX have been identified in multiple tumor types and appear to cause alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), a presumed precursor to genomic instability. In our samples, ATRX mutation was entirely restricted to IDH-mutant tumors, closely correlated with TP53 mutation and astrocytic differentiation, and mutually exclusive with 1p/19q codeletion, the molecular hallmark of oligodendroglioma. Moreover, ATRX mutation was highly enriched in tumors of so-called early progenitor-like transcriptional subclass (~85%), which our prior work has linked to specific cells of origin in the forebrain subventricular zone. Finally, ATRX mutation correlated with ALT, providing a mechanistic link to genomic instability. In summary, our findings both identify ATRX mutation as a defining molecular determinant for a large subset of IDH-mutant gliomas and have direct implications on pathogenic mechanisms across the wide spectrum of LGGs.
ROC analysis in patient specific quality assurance (2013)

The optimal threshold values that were determined represent a maximized test sensitivity and specificity and are not subject to any user bias. When applied to the datasets that we studied, our results suggest the use of patient specific QA as a safety tool that can effectively prevent large errors (e.g., σ > 3 mm) as opposed to a tool to improve the quality of IMRT delivery.
Molecular and metabolic regulation of immunosuppression in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2023)

Immunosuppression is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), contributing to early metastasis and poor patient survival. Compared to the localized tumors, current standard-of-care therapies have failed to improve the survival of patients with metastatic PDAC, that necessecitates exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. While immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and therapeutic vaccines have emerged as promising treatment modalities in certain cancers, limited responses have been achieved in PDAC. Therefore, specific mechanisms regulating the poor response to immunotherapy must be explored. The immunosuppressive microenvironment driven by oncogenic mutations, tumor secretome, non-coding RNAs, and tumor microbiome persists throughout PDAC progression, allowing neoplastic cells to grow locally and metastasize distantly. The metastatic cells escaping the host immune surveillance are unique in molecular, immunological, and metabolic characteristics. Following chemokine and exosomal guidance, these cells metastasize to the organ-specific pre-metastatic niches (PMNs) constituted by local resident cells, stromal fibroblasts, and suppressive immune cells, such as the metastasis-associated macrophages, neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The metastatic immune microenvironment differs from primary tumors in stromal and immune cell composition, functionality, and metabolism. Thus far, multiple molecular and metabolic pathways, distinct from primary tumors, have been identified that dampen immune effector functions, confounding the immunotherapy response in metastatic PDAC. This review describes major immunoregulatory pathways that contribute to the metastatic progression and limit immunotherapy outcomes in PDAC. Overall, we highlight the therapeutic vulnerabilities attributable to immunosuppressive factors and discuss whether targeting these molecular and immunological "hot spots" could improve the outcomes of PDAC immunotherapies.
Practice Problems for Hardware Engineers (2021)

This book is to help undergraduate and graduate students of electrical and computer engineering disciplines with their job interviews. It may also be used as a practice resource while taking courses in VLSI, logic and computer architecture design. The first edition consists of more than 150 problems and their solutions which the author has used in his VLSI, logic, and architectures courses while teaching at USC. The author wishes this book to be available free of charge, subject to the copyright policy on page 3.
NontypeableHaemophilus influenzaeAdhesin Protein E: Characterization and Biological Activity (2009)

The adhesin protein E (PE) of the human respiratory pathogen nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) exists in all clinical isolates. In the present study, NTHi adherence to epithelial cells of various origins was further analyzed. The number of intraepithelial PE-deficient NTHi was decreased compared with PE-expressing NTHi. Interestingly, PE-expressing NTHi or Escherichia coli transformants, in addition to soluble recombinant PE22-160 without a lipid moiety, induced a proinflammatory cell response. The adhesive PE domain was defined within PE84-108, and preincubation of epithelial cells with this peptide blocked adhesion of several clinical NTHi isolates. Mice immunized with PE84-108 cleared NTHi up to 8-fold more efficiently on pulmonary challenge than did mice immunized with a control peptide. Finally, anti-PE mouse antibodies from vaccinated mice prevented NTHi adhesion. Our data suggest that the ubiquitous adhesin PE plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NTHi infection.
Modulated TRPC1 expression predicts sensitivity of breast cancer to doxorubicin and magnetic field therapy: segue towards a precision medicine approach (2021)

Abstract Background Chemotherapy is the mainstream treatment modality for invasive breast cancer. Nonetheless, chemotherapy-associated adverse events can result in a patient terminating treatment. We show that transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) expression level predicts breast cancer sensitivity to doxorubicin (DOX) and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapies. Methods The effects of PEMFs were examined with respect to: 1 ) the growth of MCF-7 cells in vitro ; 2 ) MCF-7 tumors implanted into a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and; 3 ) patient-derived and MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts in mice. Potential synergisms between DOX and PEMF therapies were examined in these model systems and under conditions of TRPC1 overexpression or silencing in vitro . Results PEMF exposure impaired the survival of MCF-7 cells, but not that of nonmalignant MCF10A breast cells. The effects of PEMF- and DOX-therapies synergized in vitro at compromising MCF-7 cell growth. Synergism could be corroborated in vivo with patient-derived xenograft mouse models, wherein PEMF exposure alone or in combination with DOX reduced tumor size. Stable overexpression of TRPC1 enhanced the vulnerability of MCF-7 cells to both DOX and PEMF exposure and promoted proliferation, whereas chronic DOX exposure reduced TRPC1 expression, induced chemoresistance, precluded response to PEMF exposure and mitigated proliferation. Markers of metastasis including SLUG, SNAIL, VIMENTIN , and E-CADHERIN as well as invasiveness were also positively correlated with TRPC1 channel expression. Conclusion The presented data supports a potential role of PEMF-therapy as an effective companion therapy to DOX-based chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancers characterized by elevated TRPC1 expression levels.
Epigenetic Insights on PARP-1 Activity in Cancer Therapy (2022)

The regulation of chromatin state and histone protein eviction have been proven essential during transcription and DNA repair. Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) are crucial mediators of these processes by affecting DNA/histone epigenetic events. DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation patterns and histone modifications are established by mutual coordination between all epigenetic modifiers. This review will focus on histones and DNA/histone epigenetic machinery that are direct targets of PARP-1 activity by covalent and non-covalent PARylation. The effects of these modifications on the activity/recruitment of epigenetic enzymes at DNA damage sites or gene regulatory regions will be outlined. Furthermore, based on the achievements made to the present, we will discuss the potential application of epigenetic-based therapy as a novel strategy for boosting the success of PARP inhibitors, improving cell sensitivity or overcoming drug resistance.
Multicenter trial validation of a camera-based method to measure Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine, or Tc-99m MAG3, clearance. (1997)

An improved camera-based method to calculate the clearance of Tc-99m MAG3 was validated in a multicenter trial.
Equilibria within the triruthenium dodecacarbonyl/halide system (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibria within the triruthenium dodecacarbonyl/halide systemSung Hwan Han, Gregory L. Geoffroy, B. Duane Dombek, and Arnold L. RheingoldCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 24, 4355–4361Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00297a006Request reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (936 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Wideband circularly polarized cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (2017)

A wideband circularly polarized (CP) cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is presented. The DRA is excited in its fundamental HEM11δ mode. A U-shaped slot and a fork-like feed line are used to obtain circularly polarized fields. For demonstration, a prototype operating at 2.4-GHz WLAN band was studied. The reflection coefficient, axial ratio (AR), radiation patterns, antenna gain, and radiation efficiency are simulated and measured, and good agreement between them is observed.