gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Strain Rate and Stress-State-Dependent Martensite Transformation in AISI 304 at Low Temperatures (2022)

Deformation-induced martensitic transformation as the basis of a hardening process is dependent, among others, on the stress state. In applications such as cryogenic cutting, where a hardened martensitic subsurface can be produced in metastable austenitic steels, different stress states exist. Furthermore, cutting typically occurs at high strain rates greater than 103s−1. In order to gain a deeper insight into the behavior of a metastable austenitic steel (AISI 304) upon cryogenic cutting, the influence of high strain rates under different loading conditions was analyzed. It was observed that higher strain rates lead to a decrease in the α′-martensite content if exposed to tensile loads due to generated adiabatic heat. Furthermore, a lath-like α′-martensite was induced. Under shear stress, no suppression of α′-martensite formation by higher strain rates was found. A lath α′-martensite was formed, too. In the specimens that were subjected exclusively to compressive loading, almost no α′-martensite was present. The martensitic surface generated by cutting experiments showed deformation lines in which α′-martensite was formed in a wave-like shape. As for the shear specimens, more α′-martensite was formed with increasing strain rate, i.e., force. Additionally, magnetic etching proved to be an effective method to verify the transformation of ferromagnetic α′-martensite.
The Photodecomposition of Acetaldehyde in Gas Phase Using Immobilized TiO2 on Porous α-Al2O3 Tube (2002)

Abstracts A study on the photocatalytic degradation of acetaldehyde using immobilized TiO
The International Workshop on Osteoarthritis Imaging Knee MRI Segmentation Challenge: A Multi-Institute Evaluation and Analysis Framework on a Standardized Dataset (2021)

Diverse networks learned to segment the knee similarly, where high segmentation accuracy did not correlate with cartilage thickness accuracy and voting ensembles did not exceed individual network performance.See also the commentary by Elhalawani and Mak in this issue.<b>Keywords:</b> Cartilage, Knee, MR-Imaging, Segmentation © RSNA, 2020<i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i>
Visible cathodoluminescence of Er-doped amorphous AlN thin films (1999)

In this report, we demonstrate the observation of visible cathodoluminescence (CL) of Er-doped amorphous AlN films produced by sputtering. Optical transmission studies point out that the films are highly transparent and the band gap is about 5.61 eV. Elemental analysis by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry shows that AlN films are stoichiometric. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that the films retain the amorphous structure even after annealing in N2 ambient at 1000 °C. The sharp characteristic emission lines in the CL spectra correspond to Er3+ intra-4fn shell transitions and are observed over the temperature range of 9–330 K. The results indicate the suitability of Er-doped amorphous AlN films for light-emitting device applications.
Balanced Dual-Band BPF With Stub-Loaded SIRs for Common-Mode Suppression (2010)

A new fourth-order balanced dual-band band-pass filter (BPF) designed using four coupled bi-section half-wavelength (¿/2) stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs) is presented. To obtain the required differential-mode (DM) operation with suppressed common-mode (CM) transmission, the SIRs were designed to have the same odd-mode, but different even-mode, resonant frequencies. For that purpose, the two inner SIRs were loaded at the center with T-shaped open stubs of different dimensions so that their even-mode resonant frequencies are shifted away from those of the outer SIRs and that their odd-mode ones remain almost intact. For the fabricated prototype BPF, the measured minimum DM insertion losses for the first and second bands are 2.4 and 2.82 dB, respectively, whereas the measured CM insertion loss is larger than 25 dB in 1-7 GHz.
Comprehensive Characterization of Shredded Lithium‐Ion Battery Recycling Material (2022)

Herein we report on an analytical study of dry-shredded lithium-ion battery (LIB) materials with unknown composition. Samples from an industrial recycling process were analyzed concerning the elemental composition and (organic) compound speciation. Deep understanding of the base material for LIB recycling was obtained by identification and analysis of transition metal stoichiometry, current collector metals, base electrolyte and electrolyte additive residues, aging marker molecules and polymer binder fingerprints. For reversed engineering purposes, the main electrode and electrolyte chemistries were traced back to pristine materials. Furthermore, possible lifetime application and accompanied aging was evaluated based on target analysis on characteristic molecules described in literature. With this, the reported analytics provided precious information for value estimation of the undefined spent batteries and enabled tailored recycling process deliberations. The comprehensive feedstock characterization shown in this work paves the way for targeted process control in LIB recycling processes.
Novel vein closure procedure using a proprietary cyanoacrylate adhesive: 30-day swine model results (2012)

Results of this initial study demonstrated that intravascular injection of CA is feasible for closure of superficial veins in animal models. These findings warrant further animal studies of this proprietary CA to assess efficacy, safety and its effects on perivenous structures.
Intraocular lens materials and styles: A review (1997)

Biomaterial science has lead to the development of a variety of foldable intraocular lens (IOL) biomaterials. This literature review examines these lenses from both a basic science and a clinical perspective. By most parameters, hydrogel, soft acrylic and silicone IOL are better than polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) lenses. Plate haptic silicone IOL have the lowest incidence of cystoid macula oedema and posterior capsule opacification, but these lenses require an intact anterior capsularhexis and posterior capsule. Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) laser capsulotomy must be delayed at least 3 months to avoid posterior lens dislocation. Silicone has the lowest threshold for YAG laser damage of all IOL materials and also adheres irreversibly to silicone oil with subsequent optical impairment. Three piece silicone IOL with polypropylene haptics have a higher incidence of decentration, pigment adherence and capsule opacification compared with PMMA haptics. Hydrogel lenses are very biocompatible and resistant to YAG laser damage, but pigment adheres to the surface more readily than PMMA. Soft acrylic IOL unfold slowly, resulting in controlled insertion, but it is possible to crack the lens and some lenses develop glistenings due to water accumulation. There are significant socioeconomic implications to the large differences in posterior capsule opacification rates between the various biomaterials and the lens styles.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ANTIOXIDATIVE PROPERTIES OF SOME 1,4‐DIHYDROPYRIDINE DERIVATIVES (1978)

Abstract Die Acetessigsäureester‐Derivate (I) reagieren mit Urotropin/Ammoniumacetat zu den Dihydropyridinen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Sulfur (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Microstructure and mechanics of human resistance arteries (2016)

Vascular diseases such as diabetes and hypertension cause changes to the vasculature that can lead to vessel stiffening and the loss of vasoactivity. The microstructural bases of these changes are not presently fully understood. We present a new methodology for stain-free visualization, at a microscopic scale, of the morphology of the main passive components of the walls of unfixed resistance arteries and their response to changes in transmural pressure. Human resistance arteries were dissected from subcutaneous fat biopsies, mounted on a perfusion myograph, and imaged at varying transmural pressures using a multimodal nonlinear microscope. High-resolution three-dimensional images of elastic fibers, collagen, and cell nuclei were constructed. The honeycomb structure of the elastic fibers comprising the internal elastic layer became visible at a transmural pressure of 30 mmHg. The adventitia, comprising wavy collagen fibers punctuated by straight elastic fibers, thinned under pressure as the collagen network straightened and pulled taut. Quantitative measurements of fiber orientation were made as a function of pressure. A multilayer analytical model was used to calculate the stiffness and stress in each layer. The adventitia was calculated to be up to 10 times as stiff as the media and experienced up to 8 times the stress, depending on lumen diameter. This work reveals that pressure-induced reorganization of fibrous proteins gives rise to very high local strain fields and highlights the unique mechanical roles of both fibrous networks. It thereby provides a basis for understanding the micromechanical significance of structural changes that occur with age and disease.
Short Lecture 10 “Oxone induced oxidation of Oleocanthal and Oleacein tuned to chemoselective conversion to semisynthetic analogues and evaluation of their biologicalpotential” (2022)

The most notable secoiridoids of Olive Oil, Oleocanthal and Oleacein gather intense scientific interest due to their potent biological activities [1]. Recently, their 3-carboxylic forms, named Oleocanthalic and Oleaceinic acids, have been isolated as minor components of OO [2]. This fact has triggered the exploration of various semisynthetic approaches for better understanding of the mechanism of action as well as the discovery of new bioactive compounds. In this context, their semisynthetic preparation was investigated for suitable reaction conditions in order to access these analogues effortlessly. Thus, a reaction using Selenium dioxide and Hydrogen peroxide has been developed to oxidize selectively the aldehyde at position 3 [3]. In a next step, the study of the bis-oxidation of the aldelydic analoques led to the application of Oxone as oxidative reagent. Interestingly, in low oxone consentration the reaction led exclusively to 3-carboxylic analogues while in high oxone concentration, Bayer Villiger mechanism is activated promoting the further oxidation in position 1 and the recovery of corresponding 9-ketonic forms (Oleocanthanonic and Oleaceinonic acids). The reaction mechanism was verified by identifying the intermediate analogues using 1-D and 2-D NMR analysis.
Delineation of the factors governing reactivity and selectivity in epoxide formation from ammonium ylides and aldehydes (2006)

Diastereoselectivity in reactions of aryl-stabilised ammonium ylides are highly sensitive to the nature of the amine and the ylide substituent. DFT calculations are consistent with a mechanism in which reversibility in betaine formation [despite the high energy (and therefore instability) of ammonium ylides] is finely balanced due to the high barrier to ring closure.
Effects of Hypertonic Saline (7.5%)/Dextran 70 on Human Red Cell Typing, Lysis, and Metabolism in vitro1 (1990)

The introduction of a 7.5% hypertonic saline/6% dextran 70 (HSD) solution into clinical trials for the treatment of hypovolemic states, and the past concerns regarding the possible interference of dextran with blood serology, prompted us to investigate the effects of HSD on human red-cell typing and stability. HSD was evaluated with fresh and 35-day stored CPDA-1 red cells from 12 healthy donors. A 1:5 mixture of HSD to blood in vitro had no effect on ABO, Rh, and MN typing in both fresh and stored blood. HSD produced no significant lysis with fresh cells and a minimal level with stored blood. No evidence of metabolic or morphologic changes was seen after HSD treatment. The results of this study suggest that the clinical use of HSD for the treatment of hemorrhagic shock will not affect blood group determinations or red-cell stability from stored blood which may be infused after the HSD-treated patient is transported to a hospital.
Particle separation using acoustic radiation force and elecrostatic force (1996)

A method for separating particles in liquid by exploiting the competition between acoustic radiation force and electrostatic force is investigated. The displacement of particles from the pressure node of an ultrasound standing wave varies according to the effective charges, radii, and stiffness of the particles, and the particles of different radii can thus be separated even when they consist of the same material. When the particles are of different materials, they can also be separated in relations to their effective electric charges or their stiffness. In this study, the efficacy of this method was theoretically estimated and demonstrated by an experiment, with a mixture of polystyrene spheres of different radii in water, using 500-kHz ultrasound and a 3.3-V/mm electric field. The measured ratio of the displacements of polystyrene spheres 10 and 20 μm in diameter from the pressure node was 2:3, which is consistent with the value predicted theoretically. Radiation forces on the polystyrene spheres were also measured by using this technique.
New polymer syntheses, 81 . Poly(3‐oxybenzoate) randomly branched with 3,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid or 5‐hydroxyisophthalic acid (1995)

Abstract Randomly branched (hyperbranched) Poly(3‐hydroxybenzoate), poly(3‐Hybe), was prepared by polycondensation of silylated 3‐acetoxybenzoic acid with either silylated 3,5‐diacetoxybenzoic acid or bis(trimethylsilyl) 5‐acetoxyisophthalate. The number of branching points was varied by changing the feed ratio of difunctional and trifunctional monomers. 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy proved the nearly random incorporation of the trifunctional “branching units”. Cocondensations with small amounts of acetylated bisphenol‐P allowed one to control the degree of polymerization (DP) and to determine the DP by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. However, analogous copolycondensations with silylated 2‐(4‐ tert ‐butylphenoxy)terephthalic acid failed. According to GPC measurements, weight‐average molecular weights above 10 5 were obtained. DSC measurements revealed that the glass transition temperatures ( T g 's) vary largely with the degree of branching (DB) and with the nature of the end‐groups. In the case of phenolic OH and acetate end‐groups, the relationship T g vs. number of branching points passes through a minimum.
Quantitative Assessment of Operational Security: Models and Tools * (1996)

This paper proposes a novel approach to help computing system administrators in monitoring the security of their systems. This approach is based on modeling the system as a privilege graph exhibiting operational security vulnerabilities and on transforming this privilege graph into a Markov chain corresponding to all possible successful attack scenarios. A set of tools has been developed to generate automatically the privilege graph of a Unix system, to transform it into the corresponding Markov chain and to compute characteristic measures of the operational system security. Keywords: quantitative security evaluation, privilege graph, Markov modeling 1. Introduction Computing system security relies mostly on users, operators and administrators, and even the best designed system, if badly operated, would be unsecure. Most authentication and protection mechanisms can be diverted by malicious or careless users, then allowing possible intruders to perform security breaches. This ...
Behavior of F(R) Gravity Around a Crossing of the Phantom Divide~!2009-08-20~!2009-09-29~!2010-06-03~! (2010)

We study a model of $F(R)$ gravity in which a crossing of the phantom divide can be realized. In particular, we demonstrate the behavior of $F(R)$ gravity around a crossing of the phantom divide by taking into account the presence of cold dark matter.
Energy Efficiency Optimization of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces With Electromagnetic Field Exposure Constraints (2022)

This work considers the problem of energy efficiency (EE) maximization in a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication link, subject to maximum power constraints and to additional constraints on the maximum exposure of the end-users to electromagnetic radiations. The RIS phase shifts, the transmit beamforming, the linear receive filter, and the transmit power are jointly optimized, and two provably convergent and low-complexity algorithms are developed. One algorithm applies to the general system setup, but does not guarantee global optimality. The other is provably optimal in the notable special case of isotropic electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure constraints. The numerical results show that an RIS ensures an EE of the same order of magnitude as when no EMF constraints are enforced.
Two populations of self-maintaining monocyte-independent macrophages exist in adult epididymis and testis (2020)

Macrophages are the principal immune cells of the epididymis and testis, but their origins, heterogeneity, development, and maintenance are not well understood. Here, we describe distinct populations of epididymal and testicular macrophages that display an organ-specific cellular identity. Combining in vivo fate-mapping, chimeric and parabiotic mouse models with in-depth cellular analyses, we found that CD64<sup>hi</sup>MHCII<sup>lo</sup> and CD64<sup>lo</sup>MHCII<sup>hi</sup> macrophage populations of epididymis and testis arise sequentially from yolk sac erythro-myeloid progenitors, embryonic hematopoiesis, and nascent neonatal monocytes. While monocytes were the major developmental source of both epididymal and testicular macrophages, both populations self-maintain in the steady-state independent of bone marrow hematopoietic precursors. However, after radiation-induced macrophage ablation or during infection, bone marrow-derived circulating monocytes are recruited to the epididymis and testis, giving rise to inflammatory macrophages that promote tissue damage. These results define the layered ontogeny, maintenance and inflammatory response of macrophage populations in the male reproductive organs.
Surface textured silicon single-photon avalanche diode (2017)

We present a surface textured Si SPAD with improved detection efficiency and without sacrificing dark count rate or jitter distribution. Texturing reduces reflection, allows weak light trapping and is CMOS and lithography compatible.
HTLV‐I, HIV‐I, and Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Western Province, Papua New Guinea: A Serological Survey (1993)

Seven hundred and twenty-three serum samples from individuals in 13 Gidra-speaking villages in Western Province, Papua New Guinea were tested for evidence of infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). No samples were positive for antibodies to HIV-I. Antibodies to HTLV-I were found in 13 samples (1.8%), HBV surface antigens (HBsAg) were found in 86 samples (11.9%), and antibodies to HCV were found in 30 samples (4.1%). Six (46.2%) of 13 HTLV-I positive samples were positive for HCV or HBsAg. The seropositive rate varied in different villages and the incidence of HTLV-I and HCV was higher in coastal and riverine areas than inland.
Functional and Transcriptomic Characterization of Peritoneal Immune-Modulation by Addition of Alanyl-Glutamine to Dialysis Fluid (2017)

Peritonitis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality during chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD). Glucose-based PD fluids reduce immunological defenses in the peritoneal cavity. Low concentrations of peritoneal extracellular glutamine during PD may contribute to this immune deficit. For these reasons we have developed a clinical assay to measure the function of the immune-competent cells in PD effluent from PD patients. We then applied this assay to test the impact on peritoneal immune-competence of PD fluid supplementation with alanyl-glutamine (AlaGln) in 6 patients in an open-label, randomized, crossover pilot trial (EudraCT 2012-004004-36), and related the functional results to transcriptome changes in PD effluent cells. Ex-vivo stimulation of PD effluent peritoneal cells increased release of interleukin (IL) 6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α. Both IL-6 and TNF-α were lower at 1 h than at 4 h of the peritoneal equilibration test but the reductions in cytokine release were attenuated in AlaGln-supplemented samples. AlaGln-supplemented samples exhibited priming of IL-6-related pathways and downregulation of TNF-α upstream elements. Results from measurement of cytokine release and transcriptome analysis in this pilot clinical study support the conclusion that suppression of PD effluent cell immune function in human subjects by standard PD fluid is attenuated by AlaGln supplementation.
Short-And Long -Term Stability In Proton Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguides (1984)

We describe fabrication conditions which produce proton exchanged waveguides with long and short term index stability. We present also the surface index change and effective diffusion coefficients associated with exchange in melts of varying concentration, from pure benzoic acid to mixtures containing up to 4 Mole % lithium benzoate. Infrared absorption measurements supporting our explanation for the causes of index instability are presented.
Nucleophilic additions to triazolinedione ylides, extremely reactive carbonyl equivalents: a new class of condensation reactions (1987)

The ylides of N-phenyltriazolinedione (10 and 13) are readily prepared when the ylide carbon atom is substituted by phenyl or 3-methylindol-2-yl groups. In fact the indole-substituted ylide 10 is sufficiently stabile to be isolated in good yield when it is formed by the oxidation of the corresponding urazole 9 with tert-butyl hypochlorite followed by dehydrohalogenation with triethylamine. These triazolinedione ylides both undergo facile addition of nucleophiles at the ylide carbon atoms. In the case of nucleophilic addition by enolate species, the initial adducts undergo subsequent elimination of N-phenylurazole to form olefinic condensation products, while nucleophilic addition of pyrrole or n-butanethiol results in bis adducts in which two molecules of the nucleophile become attached to what had been the ylide carbon atom. The in situ generation of these triazolinedione ylides and subsequent transformations are operationally extremely simple procedures that frequently afford high product yields and as such would seem to offer considerable promise as synthetic methods.