gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of experimental cancer cachexia. Interaction between mononuclear phagocytes and colon-26 carcinoma and its relevance to IL-6-mediated cancer cachexia (1992)

In a recent report we showed that IL-6 is an important mediator of experimental cancer cachexia in the colon-26 (C-26) tumor system. In culture, on a per cell basis, C-26.IVX cell line (which develops tumors and induces severe cachexia of syngeneic hosts) produces up to 60-fold less IL-6 than single cell suspensions prepared from freshly excised tumors. In this study, the mechanism behind this observation was investigated. Analysis of the cellular composition of progressing C-26 tumors indicated they contained up to 6% of macrophages. T cells, B cells, and granulocytes were not detected in the tumors. Because C-26.IVX line grown in vitro contained no macrophages, the possibility that macrophage products may augment IL-6 synthesis by the tumor cells was tested. Indeed, IL-1 beta in a dose-dependent manner and at picogram amounts could potentiate IL-6 production by the C-26 cell line. The presence of high affinity receptors for IL-1 on the C-26.IVX cell line was established. These cells expressed approximately 1500 IL-1 sites per cell with a dissociation constant of approximately 20 pM. Next, we attempted to mimic the situation in vivo by coculture of C-26.IVX cells with syngeneic peritoneal macrophages and found that this condition gives rise to an augmented IL-6 production similar to that observed with in vivo derived tumor cells or rIL-1 beta-treated C-26.IVX cells. Furthermore, anti-IL-1 type I receptor antibody completely blocked C-26.IVX IL-6 production induced by either rIL-1 beta or by peritoneal macrophages. Taken together, these data suggest a pathway of IL-6 production by C-26 tumors that involves a cellular interaction between IL-1R-expressing tumor cells and host-derived macrophages. The results also suggest that this interaction significantly contributes to cachectic events endured by the tumor-bearing host.
Analysis of Tamoxifen and Its N-Desmethyl and 4-Hydroxy Metabolites in Tissue (1981)

Abstract A method is described for the analysis of the non-steroidal anti-estrogenic antineoplastic agent, tamoxifen and its 4-hydroxy and N-desmethyl metabolites in liver, uterine, fat and human breast tumor tissue, and whole blood, plasma and cerebral spinal fluid. The report focuses on separation of analytes from the biological matrix. After extraction, analytes are converted to fluorescent phenylphenanthrenes, which are separated by reverse phase paired ion chromatography with spectrofluorometric monitoring of column eluent. By control of column temperature, chromatographic analysis time could be significantly reduced and sensitivity increased.
Ultra-wideband beamforming in sparse arrays (1991)

Transient radiated fields caused by impulsively excited apertures and aperture response caused by incident impulsive waves has been the subject of considerable research in acoustics. This research is also of importance to wideband radar. Medical ultrasound steered phased arrays use transmitted pulses consisting of from one to three cycles of a damped sinusoid, which is similar to certain ultra-wideband radar systems. Related studies applied to wide-band radar transmitting a single cycle of a sine wave indicate that it may be possible to construct a steered phased array radar with ultra high resolution using very sparse array apertures. In narrowband phased arrays, grating lobe considerations require that the array elements be placed close together. In contrast, very sparse, utra high resolution wide band arrays may be constructed without incurring grating lobe problems.
DNA-decorated carbon nanotube-based FETs as ultrasensitive chemical sensors: Discrimination of homologues, structural isomers, and optical isomers (2012)

We have explored the abilities of all-electronic DNA-carbon nanotube (DNA-NT) vapor sensors to discriminate very similar classes of molecules. We screened hundreds of DNA-NT devices against a panel of compounds chosen because of their similarities. We demonstrated that DNA-NT vapor sensors readily discriminate between series of chemical homologues that differ by single methyl groups. DNA-NT devices also discriminate among structural isomers and optical isomers, a trait common in biological olfactory systems, but only recently demonstrated for electronic FET based chemical sensors.
A single-poly BiCMOS technology with 30 GHz bipolar f/sub T/ (2002)

We present process design and device performance of bipolar transistors embedded in a single-poly BiCMOS technology. The bipolar device possesses a CMOS-like morphology and is easily integrated into a CMOS-based process flow with two additional masks. The integrated process yields a structure with minimum topography. Process concerns associated with the conventional double-poly structure are therefore avoided. Shallow emitter and base junction depth are achieved through a conventional ion implantation approach with proper control of the thermal budget. Bipolar transistors featuring 31 GHz bipolar f/sub T/ and 4 V BV/sub ceo/ are achieved. The technology thus developed has the highest f/sub T/ in the category of single-polysilicon BiCMOS process ever reported.
A current generator circuit for tripolar stimulation and insensitive to temperature and supply variations (2010)

We present a current generator circuit which supplies two anodic currents for tripolar nerve stimulation. Depending on applications and the more convenient method of adjustment, the difference of the two anodic currents can be programmed using either of the two different modes. The reference current circuit in the current generator utilizes a gate-drain tied depletion transistor working in the triode region as the degenerating resistor in the Beta-multiplier topology. The negative temperature coefficient of the depletion transistor reduces the total sensitivity of the output current to temperature variation. The proposed current generator circuit is also stable over a wide range of supply voltages. Simulated results using a 0.6-μm CMOS process are presented. The temperature coefficient and power supply rejection ratio of the current generator are less than 0.06%/°C and 2%/V, respectively.
Alternatives to Invasive Ventilation in the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)

Bruno L. Ferreyro, MD; Federico Angriman, MD, MPH; Laveena Munshi, MD, MSc; Lorenzo Del Sorbo, MD; Niall D. Ferguson, MD, MSc; Bram Rochwerg, MD, MSc; Michelle J. Ryu, MLIS; Refik Saskin, MSc; Hannah Wunsch, MD, MSc; Bruno R. da Costa, MSc, PhD; Damon C. Scales, MD, PhD
Optically Actuated Nanoelectromechanical Oscillators (2007)

Excitation of biologically functional micro- and nanomechanical structures using optical fields is a recently emerging arena of research that couples the fields of optics, fluidics, electronics, and mechanics with potential of generating novel chemical and biological sensors. We present experimental and theoretical elucidation of optical excitation of resonant nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). The modulated optical fields were coupled directly into the NEMS device layer causing amplified mechanical vibrations. Dynamic detection of vibrational characteristics of nanomechanical resonators, fabricated from low-stress silicon nitride and mono crystalline silicon thin film layers, was accomplished using optical interferometry. We have analyzed the actuation mechanism using finite element modeling, and we found that the dominant actuation mechanism in close proximity of the clamped end was primarily thermal. In contrast, mechanical traveling waves are attributed as possible excitation mechanisms in the far-field regime
<title>Cancer diagnosis by infrared spectroscopy: methodological aspects</title> (1998)

IR spectroscopy is proving to be a powerful tool for the study and diagnosis of cancer. The application of IR spectroscopy to the analysis of cultured tumor cells and grading of breast cancer sections is outlined. Potential sources of error in spectral interpretation due to variations in sample histology and artifacts associated with sample storage and preparation are discussed. The application of statistical techniques to assess differences between spectra and to non-subjectively classify spectra is demonstrated.
Piezoelectric particle counter using the resonance vibration modes of a circular plate (2016)

In the field of environmental measurements, robust and simple sensors with no electric power supply are required. In the river, the size distributions of sand and small stones in river-bed are important factor for river disaster prevention. In this report, a passive piezoelectric sensor for measurement of the particle distribution in flow was investigated. The sensor consists of an aluminum circular plate (diameter: 50 mm; thickness: 2 mm) and an annular piezoelectric transducer (inner radius: 5 mm; outer radius: 10 mm). Alumina spheres with several diameters (φ = 3, 5, and 8 mm) were employed as small particles. When the particles hit the surface of the sensor, the flexural vibration is excited on the circular plate and the electric power is generated through the piezoelectric effect. Two main peaks at 16.3 and 66.7 kHz appeared in the output signal, and the ratio of these peaks depended on the particle size. From the finite element analysis, it was found that these frequencies of 16.3 and 66.7 kHz correspond with the fundamental and second resonance vibration modes. These results indicate that the particle size can be determined from the frequency spectrum of the output signal.
Pyruvate kinase M2 is requisite for Th1 and Th17 differentiation (2019)

Th1 and Th17 are important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and they depend on glycolysis as a source of energy. T cell antigen receptor signaling phosphorylates a serine/threonine kinase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4), and promotes glycolysis. Based on these findings we hypothesized that CaMK4 promotes glycolysis. Camk4-deficient CD4+ T cells and cells treated with a CaMK4 inhibitor had less glycolysis compared with their counterparts. Pull-down of CaMK4 and mass spectrometry identified pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme (PKM), the final rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, as a binding partner. Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting showed that CaMK4 interacts directly with PKM2. Camk4-deficient CD4+ T cells displayed decreased pyruvate kinase activity. Silencing or pharmacological inhibition of PKM2 reduced glycolysis and in vitro differentiation to Th1 and Th17 cells, while PKM2 overexpression restored Th17 cell differentiation. Treatment with a PKM2 inhibitor ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and CD4+ T cells treated with PKM2 inhibitor or Pkm2-shRNA caused limited disease activity in an adoptive cell transfer model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our data demonstrate that CaMK4 binds to PKM2 and promotes its activity, which is requisite for Th1 and Th17 differentiation in vitro and in vivo. PKM2 represents a therapeutic target for T cell-dependent autoimmune diseases.
Regional Climatic Patterns and Western Spruce Budworm Outbreaks (1985)

Land Economics/Use, Risk and Uncertainty
Supplementary Material for Airborne Optical Sectioning (2018)

Supplementary Video S1: 3D visualization of experiment 1 (Figure 3)\n\n\nSupplementary Video S2: 3D visualization of experiment 2 (Figure 4).
Machine learning algorithm analysis using a commercial 592-gene NGS panel to accurately predict tumor lineage for carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP). (2019)

3083 Background: The diagnosis of a malignancy is typically informed by clinical presentation and tumor tissue features including cell morphology, immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, and molecular markers. However, in approximately 5-10% of cancers, ambiguity is high enough that no tissue of origin can be determined and the specimen is labeled as a Cancer of Occult\Unknown Primary (CUP). Lack of reliable classification of a tumor poses a significant treatment dilemma for the oncologist leading to inappropriate and/or delayed treatment. Methods: 40,000 tumor patients with NGS data were used to construct a multiple parameter lineage-specific classification system using an advanced machine learning approach. The dataset for each classifier was split 50% for training and the other 50% for testing. The training task for each classifier was to identify the cases that were similar to the cases it was trained on against a backdrop of randomly selected cases of other histological origins. Results: Tumor lineage classifiers predicted the correct classifications where the primary site was known with accuracies ranging between 85% and 95%. When applied to CUP cases (n = 500), an unequivocal result could be obtained 100% of the time. Conclusions: Lineage predictors can render a histologic diagnosis to CUP cases that can inform treatment and potentially improve outcomes.
Joint image/video compression and encryption via high-order conditional entropy coding of wavelet coefficients (2003)

As the Internet and multimedia systems grow in size and popularity, compression and encryption of image and video data are becoming increasingly important. However, independent compression and encryption is too slow for many multimedia applications. This paper presents a new joint compression and encryption method for images and videos that uses high-order conditional entropy coding of wavelet coefficients to facilitate encryption. As a result, state-of-the-art compression and significantly enhanced security are achieved, with no extra computational complexity.
Chromatic dispersion monitoring technique in WDM network (2003)

We demonstrated a simple technique that can be used to monitor the chromatic dispersion accurately in WDM networks. This technique could monitor the chromatic dispersion of each channel with accuracy better than 60 ps/nm after 640-km transmission over nonzero dispersion shifted fibre (NZDSF). We believe that this technique could be used for the efficient chromatic dispersion compensation in WDM networks.
Repair of Root Perforations Using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A Long-term Study (2004)

Root perforations adversely affect the prognosis of teeth. Inadequacy of the repair materials has been a contributing factor to the poor outcome of repair procedures. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a relatively new material that is being successfully used to repair perforations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success rate of root perforation repairs using MTA. A list of all of the perforation repairs completed with MTA at an endodontic residency program was obtained. Sixteen cases were included that met the criteria for this study. Pretreatment, immediate posttreatment, and at least 1 year follow-up radiographs were evaluated in a double-blind manner to determine the presence or absence of any pathologic changes adjacent to the perforation site. The results showed that all 16 cases demonstrated normal tissue architecture adjacent to the repair site at the recall visit. Teeth with existing lesions showed resolution of the lesion, and teeth without preoperative lesions continued to demonstrate absence of lesion formation at the follow-up visit. Based on the results of this study, MTA provides an effective seal of root perforations and shows promise in improving the prognosis of perforated teeth that would otherwise be compromised.
The fabrication of tunable nanoporous oxide surfaces by block copolymer lithography and atomic layer deposition (2011)

Patterned nanoscale materials with controllable characteristic feature sizes and periodicity are of considerable interest in a wide range of fields, with various possible applications ranging from biomedical to nanoelectronic devices. Block-copolymer (BC)-based lithography is a powerful tool for the fabrication of uniform, densely spaced nanometer-scale features over large areas. Following this bottom-up approach, nanoporous polymeric films can be deposited on any type of substrate. The nanoporous periodic template can be transferred to the underlying substrate by dry anisotropic etching. Nevertheless the physical sizes of the polymeric mask represent an important limitation in the implementation of suitable lithographic protocols based on BC technology, since the diameter and the center-to-center distance of the pores cannot be varied independently in this class of materials. This problem could be overcome by combining block copolymer technology with atomic layer deposition (ALD): by means of BC-based lithography a nanoporous SiO2 template, with well-reproducible characteristic dimensions, can be fabricated and subsequently used as a backbone for the growth of perfectly conformal thin oxide films by ALD. In this work polystyrene-b-poly(methylmethacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) BC and reactive ion etching are used to fabricate hexagonally packed 23 nm wide nanopores in a 50 nm thick SiO2 matrix. By ALD deposition of Al2O3 thin films onto the nanoporous SiO2 templates, nanostructured Al2O3 surfaces are obtained. By properly adjusting the thickness of the Al2O3 film the dimension of the pores in the oxide films is progressively reduced, with nanometer precision, from the original size down to complete filling of the pores, thus providing a simple and fast strategy for the fabrication of nanoporous Al2O3 surfaces with well-controllable feature size.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated 1,2‐Difunctionalization of Styrenes with Sodium Arylsulfinates and tert‐Butyl Nitrite: Facile Access to α‐Sulfonylethanone Oximes. (2016)

Abstract Functionalized target compounds, required as synthons of natural products, pharmaceutical agents or in material science, are available in moderate to good yields in the presence of CuBr.
FPGA family composition and effects of specialized blocks (2008)

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have gained wide acceptance among low- to medium-volume applications. However, there are gaps between FPGA and custom implementations in terms of area, performance and power consumption. In recent years, specialized blocks - memories and multipliers in particular - have been shown to help reduce this gap. However, their usefulness has not been studied formally on a broad spectrum of designs. As FPGAs are prefabricated, an FPGA family must contain members of various sizes and combinations of specialized blocks to satisfy diverse design resource requirements. We formulate the family selection process as an ldquoFPGA family compositionrdquo problem and propose an efficient algorithm to solve it. The technique was applied to an architecture similar to Xilinx Virtex FPGAs. The results show that smart composition technique can reduce the expected silicon area up to 55%. The benefit of providing multiplier blocks in FPGAs is also shown to reduce total area by 20% using the proposed algorithm.
Diffusive Transport of Several Hundred keV Electrons in the Earth's Slot Region (2017)

Abstract We investigate the gradual diffusion of energetic electrons from the inner edge of the outer radiation belt into the slot region. The Van Allen Probes observed slow inward diffusion and decay of ~200–600 keV electrons following the intense geomagnetic storm that occurred on 17 March 2013. During the 10 day nondisturbed period following the storm, the peak of electron fluxes gradually moved from L ~ 2.7 to L ~ 2.4, and the flux levels decreased by a factor of ~2–4 depending on the electron energy. We simulated the radial intrusion and decay of electrons using a three‐dimensional diffusion code, which reproduced the energy‐dependent transport of electrons from ~100 keV to 1 MeV in the slot region. At energies of 100–200 keV, the electrons experience fast transport across the slot region due to the dominance of radial diffusion; at energies of 200–600 keV, the electrons gradually diffuse and decay in the slot region due to the comparable rate of radial diffusion and pitch angle scattering by plasmaspheric hiss; at energies of E &gt; 700 keV, the electrons stopped diffusing near the inner edge of outer radiation belt due to the dominant pitch angle scattering loss. In addition to plasmaspheric hiss, magnetosonic waves and VLF transmitters can cause the loss of high pitch angle electrons, relaxing the sharp “top‐hat” shaped pitch angle distributions created by plasmaspheric hiss. Our simulation indicates the importance of balance between radial diffusion and loss through pitch angle scattering in forming the diffusive intrusion of energetic electrons across the slot region.
[High resection of the left testicular vein and ligation of the internal iliac artery using a retroperitoneoscope]. (1991)

In 90 youths at the age of from 14 to 16 years suffering from left-sided varicocele, the authors have used a retroperitoneoscope for high ligation and transection of the testicular vein. There were no complications at the time of operation and after it. In control examination 1.5-2 years later, no varicocele recurrences were revealed. In 15 patients with profuse bleeding from carcinomatous tumor of the urinary bladder, the authors performed ligation of the internal iliac arteries by means of a retroperitoneoscope.
Data-driven ballistic coefficient learning for future state prediction of high-speed vehicles (2016)

This paper describes a methodology to predict a future state of unknown high-speed vehicles by applying machine learning techniques. Traditionally, the state estimation of high-speed vehicles is carried out by the variations of Kalman filters, but such state estimation is limited to the temporal moment of the observation. Therefore, the future state of high-speed vehicles has been obtained through a number of predictive iterations with a dynamics equation. This dynamic equation requires a key parameter, i.e. ballistic coefficient, and this coefficient were merely fixed or modeled as another dynamics model in the past. The novelty of this paper lies on the utilization of machine learning models, i.e. Gaussian process regression and support vector regression, to predict the future ballistic coefficient. Our simulation experiments show that there is a reduction in the position error and the ballistic coefficient error when the machine learning models were used.
[Endoscopic ligation of esophageal varices: prevention of hemorrhagic recurrences caused by rupture of esophageal varices. Results in 45 patients]. (1995)

This study confirms that endoscopic ligation is effective for eradication of oesophageal varices, with a low morbidity. This technique appears to be a method of choice in the prophylaxis of rebleeding from oesophageal varices, especially when sclerotherapy is ineffective.
RNA Ligase-Mediated Race: An Effective Method for the Cloning of Full-Length cDNA Ends (2023)

Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique which was developed to facilitate the cloning of full length cDNA 5′- and 3′-ends after a partial cDNA sequence has been obtained by other methods. While RACE can yield complete sequences of cDNA ends in only a few days, the RACE procedure frequently results in the exclusive amplification of truncated cDNA ends, undermining efforts to generate full-length clones. Many investigators have suggested modifications to the RACE protocol to improve the effectiveness of the technique. In this chapter, the major variations of the RACE method are briefly reviewed, with particular emphasis on RNA Ligase-Mediated RACE (RLM-RACE) which offers a number of advantages over other RACE techniques. A detailed protocol for RNA Ligase-Mediated RACE is presented.