gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prolonged immune alteration following resolution of acute inflammation in humans (2017)

Acute inflammation is an immediate response to infection and injury characterised by the influx of granulocytes followed by phagocytosing mononuclear phagocytes. Provided the antigen is cleared and the immune system of the host is fully functional, the acute inflammatory response will resolve. Until now it is considered that resolution then leads back to homeostasis, the physiological state tissues experienced before inflammation occurred. Using a human model of acute inflammation driven by intradermal UV killed Escherichia coli, we found that bacteria and granulocyte clearance as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine catabolism occurred by 72h. However, following a lag phase of about 4 days there was an increase in numbers of memory T cells and CD163+ macrophage at the post-resolution site up to day 17 as well as increased biosynthesis of cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids and DHA-derived D series resolvins. Inhibiting post-resolution prostanoids using naproxen showed that numbers of tissue memory CD4 cells were under the endogenous control of PGE2, which exerts its suppressive effects on T cell proliferation via the EP4 receptor. In addition, we re-challenged the post-resolution site with a second injection of E. coli, which when compared to saline controls resulted in primarily a macrophage-driven response with comparatively fewer PMNs; the macrophage-dominated response was reversed by cyclooxygenase inhibition. Re-challenge experiments were also carried out in mice where we obtained similar results as in humans. Therefore, we report that acute inflammatory responses in both humans and rodents do not revert back to homeostasis, but trigger a hitherto unappreciated sequence of immunological events that dictate subsequent immune response to infection.
Style machines (2000)

We approach the problem of stylistic motion synthesis by learning motion patterns from a highly varied set of motion capture sequences. Each sequence may have a distinct choreography, performed in a distinct sytle. Learning identifies common choreographic elements across sequences, the different styles in which each element is performed, and a small number of stylistic degrees of freedom which span the many variations in the dataset. The learned model can synthesize novel motion data in any interpolation or extrapolation of styles. For example, it can convert novice ballet motions into the more graceful modern dance of an expert. The model can also be driven by video, by scripts or even by noise to generate new choreography and synthesize virtual motion-capture in many styles.
Reconfigurable Array Design to Realize Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-Based Microwave Compressive Sensing Imaging System (2015)

This letter presents a design of a principal component analysis (PCA)-based microwave compressive sensing system using reconfigurable array. An iterative beam synthesis process is used to realize the required radiation patterns obtained from PCA. In this letter, a human body scanning system is studied as an example to investigate the compressive sensing performance using PCA-generated radiation patterns. Optical images are used as surrogates for the RF images in implementation of the training PCA dictionary. Compared to random-patterns-based compressive sensing system, this PCA-based compressive sensing system requires fewer numbers of measurements to achieve the same performance .
Comparison of Adefovir and Tenofovir in the Treatment of Lamivudine–Resistant Hepatitis B Virus Infection (2004)

Adefovir dipivoxil was recently approved for the treatment of wild-type and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, a congender of adefovir that is used in the treatment of HIV infected patients, has recently been shown to also be effective in patients with lamivudine-resistant HBV infection. We therefore compared the two substances in a study of 53 patients defined by high HBV DNA (>6 log10 copies/mL) levels and genotypic evidence of lamivudine resistance. Thirty-five patients received tenofovir for 72 to 130 weeks, and 18 received adefovir for 60 to 80 weeks. Changes in HBV DNA levels were followed for the complete period of 48 weeks. Early viral kinetics were compared on matched subgroups of 5 patients each. Individually, all tenofovir-treated patients showed a strong and early suppression of HBV DNA within a few weeks whether they were coinfected with HIV or were without comorbidity. In contrast, considerable individual variations in HBV DNA decline were observed in the adefovir group. Thus at week 48, only 44% of these patients had HBV DNA levels below 10(5) copies/mL in contrast to 100% of the tenofovir-treated patients (P = .001). No severe side effects were noticed in either group. No evidence of phenotypic viral resistance could be demonstrated in the tenofovir-treated patients in the long term (up to 130 weeks). In conclusion, tenofovir may become an effective alternative for the treatment of patients with lamivudine-resistant HBV infection.
On uplink-downlink sum-MSE duality of multi-hop MIMO relay channel (2014)

The uplink and downlink sum mean-squared error (MSE) duality for multi-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay channels is established, which is a generalization of several sum-MSE duality results. Unlike the previous results that prove the duality by computing the MSEs for each stream directly, we introduce an interesting perspective to the relation of the uplink-downlink duality based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions associated with uplink and downlink transceiver design optimization problems.
Author Correction: Impact of ezetimibe on plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations as monotherapy or in combination with statins: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Tailoring the Wall Jet from an Aerodynamic Plasma Actuator through Electrode Modifications (2010)

Plasma actuators are potentially very useful in bou ndary layer control on airfoil surfaces. Recent work measuring the forces acting on the plas ma actuator, however, indicates that much of the force produced by the aerodynamic plasma actuator is lost due to shear stress at the surface of the actuator and is not effectively transferred to the air. The effectiveness of the actuator could be increased if the momentum coupling between charged and neutral particles is moved farther from the surface. Three exposed electrode designs were evaluated in this study to demonstrate that momentum could be produced farther from the surface; a standard single plate actuator, a wire and plate ac tuator, and an epoxy-coated actuator. The epoxy coating covered almost the entire exposed ele ctrode and was used to control electron flow. The actuators were each operated at an AC voltage of 15kV and 200Hz in still air. Flow field velocities were measured through a PIV system, taking phase-locked pictures at 12 different times along the operating voltage cycl e to demonstrate the unsteady behavior of the flow. The PIV system captured images at seven different positions along the surface of the actuator, from 2 cm upstream of the exposed ele ctrode to 5 cm downstream, to provide a broad view of the flow behavior. At each data poin t 100 PIV pairs are taken to ensure reasonable average results. The PIV data revealed f low acceleration during the forward stroke of the voltage cycle but almost none during the back stroke. The epoxy-coated actuator moved a much thicker region of air than the standard actuator did. The peak velocity for the jet produced by epoxy-coated actua tor was much less than peak velocity produced the standard of wired actuators. The momentum flux from the epoxy‐coated actuator was the same as the wire actuator but less than the standard actuator.
Film Cooling: Breaking the Limits of Diffusion Shaped Holes (2010)

The study of gas turbine film cooling encompasses several thousands of technical papers since the 1960's. Yet today virtually all applications use only two types of film hole geometries, round holes and diffuser shaped holes. There has been no substantive improvement upon diffuser shaped film hole adiabatic effectiveness that has made its way into production turbine components. The present study is an examination of why this apparent limitation has not been overcome. Thirty examples of proposed discrete holes film cooling geometries, including the standard bearer of diffuser shaped holes, are viewed to discern what is possible, what the typical detractors to implementation are, and how the community might go forward to entitlement. Eight key factors are used to judge the application potential for each of the film hole geometries. In the end, while the diffuser shaped film hole is still the best option today, a few other geometries are identified as candidates for significant improvement in film effectiveness. Three examples of film cooling with increasing levels of improvement over diffuser shaped holes are presented for consideration.
TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE IN PRIMATES FOLLOWING TOTAL LYMPHOID IRRADIATION AND ALLOGENEIC BONE MARROW INJECTION I. ORTHOTOPIC LIVER ALLOGRAFTS (1980)

A modified regimen of fractionated total lymphoid irradiation and allogeneic bone marrow (BM) injection in chacma baboons produced transplantation tolerance for allografted kidneys from the BM donors, and substantial chimerism without evidence of graft-versus-host disease. Increasing the dose of nucleated BM cells injected 4-fold over that used in liver transplantation resulted consistently in normal graft function in the early weeks after transplantation. Bone marrow injection and challenge with renal allografts could be delayed for at least 3 weeks after completion of irradiation. If it can be shown that this period can be extended even further, the protocols will be relevant to the circumstances of clinical cadaveric renal transplantation.
Antiviral efficacy of favipiravir against Ebola virus: A translational study in cynomolgus macaques (2018)

Our results suggest that favipiravir may be an effective antiviral drug against Ebola virus that relies on RNA chain termination and possibly error catastrophe. These results, together with previous data collected on tolerance and pharmacokinetics in both NHPs and humans, support a potential role for high doses of favipiravir for future human interventions.
Indwelling ureteral stents evaluation of quality of life to aid outcome analysis. (2002)

Background: Ureteral stents cause various side effects. We have evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with stents using validated questionnaires and developed a new stent symptom (intervention)-specific questionnaire (SSQ). Patients and Methods: Along with structured literature review and in-depth interviews, prospective substudies were carried out using generic (SF-36 [N 5 30], EuroQol [N 5 40], and Functional Status Questionnaire FSQ [N 5 20]) and symptom-specific (IPSS [N 5 30] and International Continence Society ICS [N 5 30]) questionnaires both with a stent in situ and after removal. The results of these studies formed the foundation for a new SSQ that was pilot tested (N 5 10) and field tested (N 5 20) in order to develop a final draft of the questionnaire that is formally validated. Results: The qualitative research identified a range of problems. Urinary symptoms, pain, work performance, and general health were the most important. Most patients (80%) experienced bothersome urinary symptoms and stent-related pain. Storage symptoms and incontinence were significant urinary symptoms affecting quality of life. As many as 40% of patients experienced sexual dysfunction. The stent had a significant impact on patients’ general health. None of the existing measures evaluated the complete impact. The SSQ includes five sections covering urinary symptoms, pain, sexual matters, general health, and work performance. The preliminary results showed it to be valid, reliable (a . 0.7) and responsive to the change in scores (p , 0.05) after stent removal. Conclusions: Indwelling ureteral stents are associated with significant morbidity, resulting in a reduced HRQoL in 80% of patients. The SSQ is a reliable intervention-specific instrument that would be useful as an outcome measure to evaluate the impact of stents.
Characterization of CYP3A pharmacogenetic variation in American Indian and Alaska Native communities, targetingCYP3A4*1Gallele function (2021)

The frequencies of genetic variants in the CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genes differ greatly across global populations, leading to profound differences in the metabolic activity of these enzymes and resulting drug metabolism rates, with important consequences for therapeutic safety and efficacy. Yet, the impact of genetic variants on enzyme activity are incompletely described, particularly in American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) populations. To characterize genetic variation in CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 and its effect on enzyme activity, we partnered with AIAN people living in two regions of Alaska: Yup'ik Alaska Native people living in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region of rural southwest Alaska and AIAN people receiving care at the Southcentral Foundation in Anchorage, Alaska. We identified low frequencies of novel and known variation in CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, including low frequencies of the CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*1 variants, and linkage disequilibrium patterns that differed from those we previously identified in an American Indian population in western Montana. We also identified increased activity of the CYP3A4*1G allele in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that the CYP3A4*1G allele confers increased protein content in human lymphoblastoid cells and both increased protein content and increased activity in human liver microsomes. We confirmed enhanced CYP3A4-mediated 4β-vitamin D hydroxylation activity in Yup'ik people with the CYP3A4*1G allele. AIAN people in Alaska and Montana who carry the CYP3A4*1G allele-coupled with low frequency of the functional CYP3A5*1 variant-may metabolize CYP3A substrates more rapidly than people with the reference CYP3A4 allele.
Mesoporous Vertical Co3O4 Nanosheet Arrays on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Foam with Enhanced Charge-Storage Performance (2015)

A hierarchical electrode structure, consisting of cobalt oxide and nitrogen-doped graphene foam (NGF), has been fabricated with the aim of achieving enhanced charge-storage performance. Characterization of the material via electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy demonstrates that the Co3O4 nanosheets grow vertically on NGF and the nanosheets are mesoporous with pore diameters between 3 and 8 nm. The Co3O4/NGF electrode shows an enhanced charge-storage performance, attributed to the 3D hierarchical structure and the synergistic effect of Co3O4 and NGF. The present study shows that specific capacitances as high as 451 F g(-1) can be obtained, indicating that high-performance electrochemical capacitors can be made using electrode materials with advanced structures. The present electrode design can be readily extended to other electroactive materials and their composites.
Adsorptive recovery of volatile fatty acids from wastewater fermentation broth (2023)

This work developed an adsorptive separation and recovery process for anaerobically generated volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from swine wastewater fermentation. Batch adsorption studies were conducted using several weak anion exchange resins and synthetic adsorbent resins to identify a suitable candidate. Relite RAM2 with a tertiary amine functional group showed the highest adsorption (over 98%) of hexanoic acid. Under the different pH values (1.8- 7.5) and extraction temperatures (30- 50 °C), the highest adsorption was observed at a pH of 3.2, which is below the pKa of hexanoic acid, at all the evaluated temperatures. A Full Factorial Design was used to optimize the resin and VFA concentrations, wherein over 99% adsorption could be achieved when the ratio of resin to VFA was below 0.23 (g/g) for model solution (VFAs in water). The adsorption equilibrium could be achieved within 30 min of contact time and 0.5% w/v NaOH was identified as a suitable desorption agent. Under the optimal conditions, 65- 72% of VFAs present in fermentation broth have been adsorbed, which was increased to 72- 76% by using fresh resins. The VFAs adsorption and recovery efficiency were maintained for 9 successive cycles without requiring extensive resin washing and regeneration for both model solution and fermentation broth. Overall, the work presents a comprehensive study for resin adsorption to recover VFAs and provides a potential industrial relevant process to recover VFAs from fermentation broth.
Liquid-metal cavitation-erosion research investigation for National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics : final report. (1958)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/5329/5/bac3402.0003.001.pdf
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NITRIC OXIDE AND MOLECULAR OXYGEN BY CARBON MONOXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF A PLATINUM(0)‐DIPHOSPHINE COMPLEX IN SOLUTION AT AMBIENT CONDITIONS (1979)

Abstract Die homogenen katalytischen Reaktionen A und B werden bei 25°C unter einem konstanten Gesamtdruck von 700 Torr durch volumetrische Standardmethoden verfolgt und Produkte sowie Reaktanten gaschromatographisch analysiert.
Chemotherapy studies in primary liver cancer. A prospective randomized clinical trial (1978)

One hundred and sixty-eight patients with unresectable primary liver cancer were prospectively studied by members of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. These patients were randomized to receive treatment with oral 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), oral 5-Fu plus Streptozotocin, oral 5-Fu plus Methyl-CCNU or Adriamycin. The single agent treatments (oral 5-Fu and Adriamycin) were associated with less gastrointestinal toxicity than were the oral 5-Fu treatment combinations. A total of 15 partial responses were reported. Adriamycin appears to be the most active agent and responsible for 9 of the 15 responses. No response was seen in any of the 48 patients randomized to oral 5-Fu alone. The survival associated with oral 5-Fu alone was significantly shorter than the survival time associated with the remaining 3 treatment programs among both North American and South African patients. A multivariate model of survival was formulated. Covariates of prognostic significance were treatment, initial performance status and sex. South African black patients had a shorter survival time than North American black patients. Excluding oral 5-Fu from consideration, prognostic variables appeared to dominate any differences between the remaining treatments under study.
Concise and Convergent Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (+)- and (−)-Fumimycin (2019)

The concise and convergent total syntheses of (+)- and (-)-Fumimycin have been achieved by taking advantage of strategies for the asymmetric aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction of a highly substituted hydroquinone and <i>N</i>-fumaryl ketimine generated from the corresponding dehydroalanine. The enantiomerically pure natural product and its enantiomer were prepared in seven steps and 22% overall yield by employing both enantiomers of a BINOL-derived chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalyst.
Solubility phenomena involving CaSO4 in hydrometallurgical processes concerning heavy metals (2011)

Deposit of CaSO 4 in hydrometallurgical processes involving heavy metals usually decreases production quality and harms the production process. To avoid its formation at false time and sites, a sound understanding of the solubility behavior of CaSO 4 in the quaternary systems CaSO 4 + H 2 SO 4 + (heavy metal)SO 4 + H 2 O over large ranges of temperature and concentration is a prerequisite. Up to now, although a large amount of solubility data has been reported in these systems, little information is available on the solubility of anhydrite, especially at salt concentrations near saturation points. In this paper, we introduce the effect of CaSO 4 in hydrometallurgical processes involving heavy metals, review published solubility data of calcium sulfate and its hydrate in relevant systems, and report our newly determined solubility results involving anhydrite in the quaternary systems CaSO 4 + H 2 SO 4 + MSO 4 + H 2 O (M = Cu,Zn,Mn) at 348.1 and 363.1 K. Based on the newly obtained data some application examples were given. On account of the complexity of the solubility phase diagram of these quaternary systems, where the calcium sulfate solubility is a function of its crystal type, temperature, compositions of sulfuric acid, and heavy metal sulfate, a complete solubility phase diagram is not available until some basic data measurement, for instance, water activity at temperatures higher than 298 K, and final modeling has been finished.
Site fidelity, migratory behaviour, and spatial organization of female isards (Rupicapra pyrenaica) in the Pyrenees National Park, France (2007)

We studied from 1993 to 2002 the spatial organization of visually marked females in an isard ( Rupicapra pyrenaica Bonaparte, 1845) population in the Pyrenees National Park. In winter, all individuals were concentrated within the same 3.7 km 2 refuge area. In summer, two patterns of space use were recorded: sedentary females (n = 33; 52.2%) remained within the refuge area, whereas migrating females (n = 29; 46.8%) summered outside the refuge area, at a horizontal distance of 1.4–9.2 km and 300–800 m higher in elevation than their winter ranges. Females were faithful to their seasonal ranges. The population was organized in well-defined spatial units in summer. This organization was roughly preserved in winter, despite the spatial concentration of the individuals by this season. The resulting spatial clustering might reduce spatial competition and pathogenic contamination between groups, allowing the maintenance of high population density. The appearance of a migratory pattern occurred probably as a result of the protected status of the species, which allowed the population to increase. Some individuals dispersed as a result of the population density increase. The two recorded patterns of space use likely arose from spatial attachment and social affinity that developed in the first years of a female’s life, and could explain the coexistence of the two spatial patterns.
Physiological factors underlying the formation of ovarian follicular fluid (1988)

In common with all other cells, the oocyte and granulosa cells are bathed in extracellular fluid. It has, however, become conventional to reserve the term ‘follicular fluid’ for that fraction of the extracellular fluid that accumulates in the antrum of larger follicles. This pool of fluid is of considerable biological significance since its composition indicates the environment in which the oocyte and granulosa cells are growing and maturing. Furthermore, it buffers the internal environment of the follicle against the influence of external conditions presented by the blood stream. The chemical composition of follicular fluid has been studied extensively and found to consist of substances derived from blood as well as from local secretion and metabolism. Particular attention has been paid to the proteins and hormonal steroids. Rather than attempt a comprehensive review, this paper will focus on general physical characteristics of the fluid and the physiological factors that influence its formation. These properties determine the rate at which extracellular fluid is accumulating and, hence, the size and morphogenesis of the Graafian follicle. It is important to reveal the mechanism and dynamics of follicular fluid formation if the composition of the fluid is to be fully understood.