gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol by Direct Injection of Electrons into Immobilized Enzymes on a Modified Electrode (2016)

We present results for direct bio-electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C1 products using electrodes with immobilized enzymes. Enzymatic reduction reactions are well known from biological systems where CO2 is selectively reduced to formate, formaldehyde, or methanol at room temperature and ambient pressure. In the past, the use of such enzymatic reductions for CO2 was limited due to the necessity of a sacrificial co-enzyme, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), to supply electrons and the hydrogen equivalent. The method reported here in this paper operates without the co-enzyme NADH by directly injecting electrons from electrodes into immobilized enzymes. We demonstrate the immobilization of formate, formaldehyde, and alcohol dehydrogenases on one-and-the-same electrode for direct CO2 reduction. Carbon felt is used as working electrode material. An alginate-silicate hybrid gel matrix is used for the immobilization of the enzymes on the electrode. Generation of methanol is observed for the six-electron reduction with Faradaic efficiencies of around 10%. This method of immobilization of enzymes on electrodes offers the opportunity for electrochemical application of enzymatic electrodes to many reactions in which a substitution of the expensive sacrificial co-enzyme NADH is desired.
PRAS40 Is an Integral Regulatory Component of Erythropoietin mTOR Signaling and Cytoprotection (2012)

Emerging strategies that center upon the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling for neurodegenerative disorders may bring effective treatment for a number of difficult disease entities. Here we show that erythropoietin (EPO), a novel agent for nervous system disorders, prevents apoptotic SH-SY5Y cell injury in an oxidative stress model of oxygen-glucose deprivation through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI 3-K)/protein kinase B (Akt) dependent activation of mTOR signaling and phosphorylation of the downstream pathways of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), and proline rich Akt substrate 40 kDa (PRAS40). PRAS40 is an important regulatory component either alone or in conjunction with EPO signal transduction that can determine cell survival through apoptotic caspase 3 activation. EPO and the PI 3-K/Akt pathways control cell survival and mTOR activity through the inhibitory post-translational phosphorylation of PRAS40 that leads to subcellular binding of PRAS40 to the cytoplasmic docking protein 14-3-3. However, modulation and phosphorylation of PRAS40 is independent of other protective pathways of EPO that involve extracellular signal related kinase (ERK 1/2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT5). Our studies highlight EPO and PRAS40 signaling in the mTOR pathway as potential therapeutic strategies for development against degenerative disorders that lead to cell demise.
A novel hybrid layer compound containing silver sheets and an organic spacer (2000)

A novel compound of the formula Ag2·CA (CA = cyanuric acid) possessing Ag sheets and hydrogen-bonded CA chains, exhibits anisotropic conductivity and acts as an infinite parallel plate capacitor with a high dielectric constant.
Row orientation effects on whole-canopy gas exchange of potted and field-grown grapevines (2015)

The effects of canopy orientation (North-South vs. East-West) on total canopy assimilation (TCA) and transpiration (TCE) were evaluated on potted grapevines mounted on wheeled platforms for full swivel relation. Eight vines were assembled in pairs to form four canopy walls 2 m long, 1.1 m tall and 0.25-0.30 m wide. TCA and TCE readings were also taken in the field on four NS-oriented, hedgerow cordon-trained grapevines. Diurnal trends of TCA recorded on potted vines showed little variability when related to row orientation. The TCE pattern for EW followed essentially that of light intensity, whereas a NS orientation induced a marked decrease in TCE at midday before recovering in mid-afternoon. As a result, water use efficiency (WUE) in NS rows was higher during the midday hours. Total canopy water loss in NS was linearly correlated with estimates of intercepted light, suggesting that water use was a function of both, light intensity and canopy geometry (i.e. more light lost to the ground at noon, hence less transpiration). The results for the NS-oriented field-grown canopies differed to some extent from those of the pot experiments. TCA showed a more marked afternoon decline and TCE flattened at noon, though with no apparent decrease. WUE efficiency was lowest at the highest evaporative demand. The daily water loss of field vines could not be predicted by total light interception estimates only, indicating a more complex regulation of canopy transpiration than recorded on potted plants.
Targeting the Immune Complex–Bound Complement C3d Ligand as a Novel Therapy for Lupus (2019)

Humoral autoimmunity is central to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Complement receptor type 2 (CR2)/CD21 plays a key role in the development of high-affinity Abs and long-lasting memory to foreign Ags. When CR2 is bound by its primary C3 activation fragment-derived ligand, designated C3d, it coassociates with CD19 on B cells to amplify BCR signaling. C3d and CR2 also mediate immune complex binding to follicular dendritic cells. As the development of SLE involves subversion of normal B cell tolerance checkpoints, one might expect that CR2 ligation by C3d-bound immune complexes would promote development of SLE. However, prior studies in murine models of SLE using gene-targeted <i>Cr2<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice, which lack both CR2 and complement receptor 1 (CR1), have demonstrated contradictory results. As a new approach, we developed a highly specific mouse anti-mouse C3d mAb that blocks its interaction with CR2. With this novel tool, we show that disruption of the critical C3d-CR2 ligand-receptor binding step alone substantially ameliorates autoimmunity and renal disease in the MRL/<i>lpr</i> model of SLE.
Power Optimization of Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) for Low Power BIST (2009)

This paper proposes a low power Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) for Test Pattern Generation (TPG) technique with reducing power dissipation during testing. The correlations between the consecutive patterns are higher during normal mode than during testing. The proposed approach uses the concept of reducing the transitions in the test pattern generated by conventional LFSR. The transition is reduced by increasing the correlation between the successive bits. The simulation result show that the interrupt controller benchmark circuit's testing power is reduced by 46% with respect to the power consumed during the testing carried by conventional LFSR.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen associates with anaphase-promoting complex and induces chromosomal instability (2008)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein highly expressed in advanced and metastatic prostate cancers. The pathologic consequence of elevated PSMA expression in not known. Here, we report that PSMA is localized to a membrane compartment in the vicinity of mitotic spindle poles and associates with the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). PSMA-expressing cells prematurely degrade cyclin B and exit mitosis due to increased APC activity and incomplete inactivation of APC by the spindle assembly checkpoint. Further, expression of PSMA in a karyotypically stable cell line induces aneuploidy. Thus, these findings provide the first evidence that PSMA has a causal role in the induction of aneuploidy and might play an etiologic role in the progression of prostate cancer.
Perceptually‐motivated Real‐time Temporal Upsampling of 3D Content for High‐refresh‐rate Displays (2010)

Abstract High‐refresh‐rate displays (e. g., 120 Hz) have recently become available on the consumer market and quickly gain on popularity. One of their aims is to reduce the perceived blur created by moving objects that are tracked by the human eye. However, an improvement is only achieved if the video stream is produced at the same high refresh rate (i. e. 120 Hz). Some devices, such as LCD TVs, solve this problem by converting low‐refresh‐rate content (i. e. 50 Hz PAL) into a higher temporal resolution (i. e. 200 Hz) based on two‐dimensional optical flow. In our approach, we will show how rendered three‐dimensional images produced by recent graphics hardware can be up‐sampled more efficiently resulting in higher quality at the same time. Our algorithm relies on several perceptual findings and preserves the naturalness of the original sequence. A psychophysical study validates our approach and illustrates that temporally up‐sampled video streams are preferred over the standard low‐rate input by the majority of users. We show that our solution improves task performance on high‐refresh‐rate displays.
Purification Capability of Tobacco Transformed with Enzymes from a Methylotrophic BACTERIUM for Formaldehyde (2007)

Plants have the ability to remediate environmental pollution. Especially, they have a high purification capability for airpollution. We have measured the purification characteristics of foliage plants for indoor airpollutants--for example, formaldehyde (HCHO), toluene, and xylene--using a tin oxide gas sensor. HCHO is an important intermediate for biological fixation of C1 compounds in methylotrophs. The ribulose monophosphate pathway of HCHO fixation is inherent in many methylotrophic bacteria, which can grow on Cl compounds. Two genes for the key enzymes, HPS and PHI, from the methylotrophic bacterium Mycobacterium gastri MB19 were introduced into tobacco. In this article, the HCHO-removal characteristic of the transformant was examined by using the gas sensor in order to evaluate quantitatively. The purification characteristics of the transformant for toluene, xylene, and styrene were also measured. The results confirmed an increase of 20% in the HCHO-removal capability. The differences of the purification capabilities for toluene, xylene, and styrene were not recognized.
Epistemological Claims and Curriculum Policy (1994)

This paper examines a proposition which features prominently in recent Scottish curriculum policy documents: namely, that the design of the curriculum must to some degree acknowledge the 'claims' of epistemology. Since these claims are only sketchily indicated i-n the documents, the philosophical arguments which support them must b. e a matter for speculation; it is suggested that they represent a view similar to Hirst's of some 20 years ago. The idea, however, that knowledge can be divided into distinct 'categories' or 'modes' on the basis of conceptual and methodological features is one which contains many difficulties: for example, its (arguable) dependency on a number of deeply problematic assumptions, such as the analytic/synthetic and fact/value distinctions. There is also confusion in the docu ments regarding the relationship between knowledge and understanding; examina tion of this issue leads to the conclusion that current policy assumes a 'fundamen talist' epistemology which is widely regarded not only as philosophically dubious, but as inconsistent with other features of the documents, for example the claim that there are 'cultural expectations' operating on the curriculum.
28.4 A battery-powered efficient multi-sensor acquisition system with simultaneous ECG, BIO-Z, GSR, and PPG (2016)

This paper reports a battery-powered, multi-parameter recording platform with built-in support for concurrent ECG, Bio-Impedance (BIO-Z), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) and Photoplethysmogram (PPG). The expanded list of dedicated sensor modalities provides a more accurate, more reliable and broader health assessment in wearable electronics. Since data is collected on one chip, precise synchronization between data streams is possible, allowing to use correlation techniques between the data streams. It supports, e.g., research on blood pressure estimation by combining ECG and PPG measurements through pulse arrival time analysis. Combining different sensing modalities like ECG, PPG, and BIO-Z can result in better estimation of hemodynamic parameters, as well as heartbeat and heart-rate variability.
Achieving both model and code coverage with automated gray-box testing (2007)

We have devised a novel technique to automatically generate test cases for a software system, combining black-box model-based testing with white-box parameterized unit testing. The former provides general guidance for the structure of the tests in the form of test sequences, as well as the oracle to check for conformance of an application under test with respect to a behavioral model. The latter finds a set of concrete parameter values that maximize code coverage using symbolic analysis. By applying these techniques together, we can produce test definitions (expressed as code to be run in a test management framework) that exercise all selected paths in the model, while also covering code branches specific to the implementation. These results cannot be obtained from any of the individual approaches alone, as the model cannot predict what values are significant to a particular implementation, while parameterized unit testing requires manually written test sequences and correctness validations. We provide tool support, integrated into our model-based testing tool.
Development of Search Strategies for E-Referencer, an Expert System Web Interface to Online Catalogs (2013)

An expert system Web interface to online catalogs called E-Referencer is being developed. The interface has a repertoire of initial search strategies and reformulation strategies that it selects and implements to help users retrieve relevant records. It uses the Z39.50 protocol to access library systems on the Internet. This paper describes the search strategies being implemented. . .
Designer Lewis acid based on molecular recognition (1993)

Abstract A Lewis acid is an excellent candidate as a proton substitute in man-made organic reactions. The observation that organoaluminum compounds immediately ignite when exposed to air, a reflection of the high affinity of aluminum for oxygen, inspired us to devise a new series of reagents based on that metal. Our goal was to engineer an artificial proton of a special shape, which could be utilized as an effective tool for chemical reactions, by harnessing the high reactivity of the aluminum atom towards oxygen. Such a concept was initially researched by examining the influence of a specially designed organometallic reagent on a typical organic reaction. The successful diastereoface discrimination observed in the alcohol synthesis induced us to examine the more intricate question of enantioface differentiation. Creation of new chirality in a product molecule requires the use of a chiral catalyst. Therefore, an investigation was launched to determine whether a chiral Lewis acid could possibly achieve the desired result.
Application of self-organizing network and MLP for fuzzy rule extraction (2003)

A multi-stage algorithm for classification and fuzzy rule extraction from data based on a self-organizing network and a two-layer perceptron network is proposed. Self-organizing techniques are applied to find data prototypes, which are subsequently used to initialize the perceptron network and to produce membership functions from the learned mapping. Fuzzy rules created by the algorithm provide linguistic description of the relationship encoded in data.
On Generalized Vector Space Model in Information Retrieval (1985)

In information retrieval, it is common to model index terms and documents as vectors in a suitably defined vector space. The main difficulty with this approach is that the explicit representation of term vectors is not known a priori. For this reason, the vector space model adopted by Salton for the SMART system treats the terms as a set of orthogonal vectors. In such a model it is often necessary to adopt a separate, corrective procedure to take into account the correlations between terms. In this paper, we propose a systematic method (the generalized vector space model) to compute term correlations directly from automatic indexing scheme. We also demonstrate how such correlations can be included with minimal modification in the existing vector based information retrieval systems.
Test–Retest Data for Radiomics Feature Stability Analysis: Generalizable or Study-Specific? (2016)

Radiomics is an objective method for extracting quantitative information from medical images. However, in radiomics, standardization, overfitting, and generalization are major challenges to be overcome. Test-retest experiments can be used to select robust radiomic features that have minimal variation. Currently, it is unknown whether they should be identified for each disease (disease specific) or are only imaging device-specific (computed tomography [CT]-specific). Here, we performed a test-retest analysis on CT scans of 40 patients with rectal cancer in a clinical setting. Correlation between radiomic features was assessed using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). In total, only 9/542 features have a CCC > 0.85. Furthermore, results were compared with the test-retest results on CT scans of 27 patients with lung cancer with a 15-minute interval. Results show that 446/542 features have a higher CCC for the test-retest analysis of the data set of patients with lung cancer than for patients with rectal cancer. The importance of controlling factors such as scanners, imaging protocol, reconstruction methods, and time points in a radiomics analysis is shown. Moreover, the results imply that test-retest analyses should be performed before each radiomics study. More research is required to independently evaluate the effect of each factor.
Supplementary Figure from Tumor Targeting with Bacterial Shiga Toxin B Subunit in Genetic Porcine Models for Colorectal Cancer and Osteosarcoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Tumor Targeting with Bacterial Shiga Toxin B Subunit in Genetic Porcine Models for Colorectal Cancer and Osteosarcoma
Targeted Metabolomic Analysis of a Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB Mouse Model Reveals an Imbalance of Branched-Chain Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Metabolism (2020)

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are inherited disorders of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) metabolism. The defective digestion of GAGs within the intralysosomal compartment of affected patients leads to a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from cardiovascular disease to neurological impairment. The molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of the disease downstream of the genetic mutation of genes encoding for lysosomal enzymes still remain unclear. Here, we applied a targeted metabolomic approach to a mouse model of PS IIIB, using a platform dedicated to the diagnosis of inherited metabolic disorders, in order to identify amino acid and fatty acid metabolic pathway alterations or the manifestations of other metabolic phenotypes. Our analysis highlighted an increase in the levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: Val, Ile, and Leu), aromatic amino acids (Tyr and Phe), free carnitine, and acylcarnitines in the liver and heart tissues of MPS IIIB mice as compared to the wild type (WT). Moreover, Ala, Met, Glu, Gly, Arg, Orn, and Cit amino acids were also found upregulated in the liver of MPS IIIB mice. These findings show a specific impairment of the BCAA and fatty acid catabolism in the heart of MPS IIIB mice. In the liver of affected mice, the glucose-alanine cycle and urea cycle resulted in being altered alongside a deregulation of the BCAA metabolism. Thus, our data demonstrate that an accumulation of BCAAs occurs secondary to lysosomal GAG storage, in both the liver and the heart of MPS IIIB mice. Since BCAAs regulate the biogenesis of lysosomes and autophagy mechanisms through mTOR signaling, impacting on lipid metabolism, this condition might contribute to the progression of the MPS IIIB disease.
Advanced DSP Enabled C-Band 112 Gbit/s/λ PAM-4 Transmissions With Severe Bandwidth-Constraint (2021)

The performance of high-speed intensity modulation direct detection (IM-DD) transmissions is severely degraded by the linear inter-symbol interference (ISI), due to both bandwidth-constrained optoelectrical components and the chromatic dispersion (CD). Meanwhile, nonlinear ISI due to intensity modulation and square-law detection can further deteriorate the IM-DD system performance significantly. Here, we first propose three metrics to quantify those impairments in IM-DD transmissions. Then, we compare both the BER performance and computational complexity of different DSP schemes to enable short-reach high-speed IM-DD transmissions with severe bandwidth constraint, using a C-band PAM-4 experimental test-bed with an end-to-end 10-dB bandwidth of 17 GHz. Those DSP schemes include receiver-side feedforward equalization (FFE), receiver-side Volterra filter equalization (VFE), transmitter-side Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) together with receiver-side FFE, transmitter-side THP together with receiver-side VFE, channel-shortening filter (CSF) together with maximum likelihood sequence estimation implemented with linear branch metrics (MLSE-LI-BM), and CSF together with MLSE implemented with nonlinear branch metrics (MLSE-NL-BM). Our experimental results indicate that, only the combination of CSF and MLSE-NL-BM enables a 112 Gbit&#x002F;s transmission over 5 km fiber at the KP4-FEC threshold, but with an increased computational complexity.
Proteomics Identification of Cyclophilin A as a Potential Prognostic Factor and Therapeutic Target in Endometrial Carcinoma (2008)

Endometrial carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies of the female genital tract, and there is an urgent need for discovery of novel factors for prognostic assessment and therapeutic targets to endometrial carcinoma. Herein a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-Q-TOF MS/MS-based proteomics approach was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in endometrial carcinoma. Of the 99 proteins identified, cyclophilin A was one of the most significantly altered proteins, and its overexpression was confirmed using RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Immunohistochemistry suggested a link between cyclophilin A expression and poor differentiation and decreased survival (p < 0.01). Knockdown of cyclophilin A expression by RNA interference led to the significant suppression of the cell growth and the induction of apoptosis in endometrial carcinoma HEC-1-B cells in vitro (p < 0.01) and the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo (p < 0.01). These data suggest that cyclophilin A may serve as a novel prognostic factor and possibly an attractive therapeutic target for endometrial carcinoma.
Indeterminacy and realism in cinema and art (2012)

Book chapter made available in this repository by permission of transcript Verlag for personal use only, not for redistribution.
Ischemia-Reperfusion Causes Exudative Detachment of the Rabbit Retina (2005)

Ischemia-reperfusion of the rabbit retina causes exudative retinal detachment that is characterized by a loss of photoreceptor cells, whereas the inner retina remains largely preserved. Micro- and macroglial cells are activated early during reperfusion, even before dropout of the photoreceptor cells. Intravitreal triamcinolone may decrease the degree of microglial/immune cell activation.