gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copper-Catalyzed Amino Lactonization and Amino Oxygenation of Alkenes Using O-Benzoylhydroxylamines (2016)

A copper-catalyzed amino lactonization of unsaturated carboxylic acids has been achieved as well as the analogous intermolecular three-component amino oxygenation of olefins. The transformation features mild conditions and a remarkably broad substrate scope, offering a novel and efficient approach to construct a wide range of amino lactones as well as 1,2-amino alcohol derivatives. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via a distinctive O-benzoylhydroxylamine-promoted electrophilic amination of alkenes.
Correction: Demonstrating aspects of multiscale modeling by studying the permeation pathway of the human ZnT2 zinc transporter (2019)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006503.].
Effect of Bipolar Cuff Electrode Design on Block Thresholds in High-Frequency Electrical Neural Conduction Block (2009)

Many medical conditions are characterized by undesired or pathological peripheral neurological activity. The local delivery of high-frequency alternating currents (HFAC) has been shown to be a fast acting and quickly reversible method of blocking neural conduction and may provide a treatment alternative for eliminating pathological neural activity in these conditions. This work represents the first formal study of electrode design for high-frequency nerve block, and demonstrates that the interpolar separation distance for a bipolar electrode influences the current amplitudes required to achieve conduction block in both computer simulations and mammalian whole nerve experiments. The minimal current required to achieve block is also dependent on the diameter of the fibers being blocked and the electrode-fiber distance. Single fiber simulations suggest that minimizing the block threshold can be achieved by maximizing both the bipolar activating function (by adjusting the bipolar electrode contact separation distance) and a synergistic addition of membrane sodium currents generated by each of the two bipolar electrode contacts. For a rat sciatic nerve, 1.0-2.0 mm represented the optimal interpolar distance for minimizing current delivery.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Volatile Trifluoromethyl Alkyl Tellurides. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Regulation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Monkey Brains (2002)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1-associated cognitive-motor disorder, including the AIDS dementia complex, is characterized by brain functional abnormalities that are associated with injury initiated by viral infection of the brain. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the first and rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan catabolism in extrahepatic tissues, can lead to neurotoxicity through the generation of quinolinic acid and immunosuppression and can alter brain chemistry via depletion of tryptophan. Using the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque model of AIDS, we demonstrate that cells of the macrophage lineage are the main source for expression of IDO in the SIV-infected monkey brain. Animals with SIV encephalitis have the highest levels of IDO mRNA, and the level of IDO correlates with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and viral load levels. In vitro studies on mouse microglia reveal that IFN-gamma is the primary inducer of IDO expression. These findings demonstrate the link between IDO expression, IFN-gamma levels, and brain pathology signs observed in neuro-AIDS.
Gefapixant does not have meaningful drug interactions with a MATE1/2K inhibitor or an OATP1B substrate (2020)

Gefapixant (MK-7264) is a P2X3 receptor antagonist in development for refractory or unexplained chronic cough. In vitro, gefapixant is a substrate of the renal efflux transporters MATE1 and -2K and an inhibitor of the hepatic uptake transporter OATP1B. The potential for gefapixant drug-drug interactions (DDI) was assessed using the probe compounds, pyrimethamine (PYR, a MATE inhibitor) and pitavastatin (PITA, an OATP1B substrate). Two Phase 1 open-label fixed-sequence trials were conducted to assess the single-dose pharmacokinetics (PK) of gefapixant and PITA, respectively. In Trial 1, 12 participants received 45 mg gefapixant alone in Period 1 and, in Period 2, received gefapixant three hours after a single dose of 50 mg PYR. In Trial 2, 20 participants received 1 mg PITA alone in Period 1 and, in Period 2, received 45 mg gefapixant for 4 days; PITA was coadministered with the third dose of gefapixant. Intensive PK samples, including urine in Trial 1, were collected after each dose of the respective victim drugs. Gefapixant and PITA PK (geometric mean ratios [GMR]) are summarized as follows. Coadministration of PYR and gefapixant resulted in clinically insignificant increases in gefapixant, attributable to reduced renal clearance. Gefapixant coadministration did not affect PITA exposure. These trials indicate that gefapixant has minimal potential for clinical DDI involving the interrogated transporters.
MR imaging of metallic implants and materials: a compilation of the literature (1988)

Ferromagnetic metallic implants and materials are regarded as contraindications for MR imaging because of the potential risks associated with their movement or displacement. To date, 14 published articles have evaluated the ferromagnetic qualities of 127 different metallic implants and other materials, including aneurysm and hemostatic clips (32); dental implants and materials (five); intravascular coils, filters, and stents (13); ear implants (14); prosthetic heart valves (29); orthopedic implants and materials (eight); penile implants (nine); and miscellaneous metallic implants and materials (17). All of these materials were evaluated by measuring the deflection forces induced by static magnetic fields at strengths ranging from 0.147 to 4.7 T. This article is a compilation of the results of these studies; it lists all 127 of the materials tested, indicates whether they were found to be deflected by the static magnetic fields, and gives the highest static magnetic field strength at which they were evaluated. Of the metallic implants tested, 66 were nonferromagnetic, and 29 exhibited only minimal deflection relative to their in vivo applications (i.e., the deflection forces were thought to be insufficient to move or dislodge the implant or material in situ). The authors of these studies concluded that patients with these particular metallic implants or materials (95/127, 75%) can be examined safely by MR imaging with scanners having static magnetic field strengths up to and including those used for the specific evaluations. Patients with other ferromagnetic materials or implants may also undergo MR imaging safely; however, both careful consideration of the factors that influence the deflection of metallic implants and prudent clinical judgment are required before patients who have these objects are examined via MR imaging.
Destruction of Caking Quality of Bituminous Coal in a Fixed Bed (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDestruction of Caking Quality of Bituminous Coal in a Fixed BedS. J. Gasior, A. J. Forney, and J. H. FieldCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1964, 3, 1, 43–47Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360009a012https://doi.org/10.1021/i360009a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Vocal communication and cognition in cetaceans (2011)

This article gives an account of vocal communication and cognition in cetaceans that comprise aquatic mammals. Cetacean communication occurs primarily in the acoustic domain. Light scattering and absorption leads to very limited visibility underwater while the sense of olfaction is virtually absent. The males of most baleen whale species produce long, elaborate song sequences during the breeding season. These appear to keep other males away and attract females. The song of the humpback whale has a hierarchical structure and is the most complex one among whale songs. It consists of phrases that are made up of multiple elements. The patterns of change in the song of humpback whales demonstrate clearly that these animals are capable of vocal learning, a relatively uncommon trait in mammals. All males in a population sing the same song at any one time, but the song of the population changes over the singing season. The bowhead whale has a simpler song but changes song in synchrony similarly to humpback whales. The songs of other baleen whales are much simpler and often consist of only one to three elements that are repeated in long song sequences. Bottlenose dolphins and several other dolphin species produce individually distinctive signature whistles that develop early in life. These can remain stable for at least a decade and, in the case of females, most likely for their entire lives. Signature whistle development is influenced by vocal learning, with dolphins copying and modifying aspects of other animals' whistles to develop their own unique frequency modulation pattern.
Processing of fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites (2008)

With the advent of high performance thermoplastic polymers, structural applications for thermoplastic composites are increasing rapidly. Thermoplastic matrix composites possess distinct advantages vis-à-vis thermoset matrix composites in terms of recyclability, high specific strength and specific stiffness, corrosion resistance, enhanced impact toughness, cost effectiveness, and flexibility of design. Since 1990s, the number of material forms and combinations in fibre reinforced thermoplastic polymers has increased exponentially, thereby expanding application avenues in transportation, automotive, mass transit, marine, aerospace, military and construction sectors. In this paper we review the state of the art in processing of fibre reinforced thermoplastics. We start with a brief description of thermoplastic polymers used in structural applications followed by material forms and methods of impregnation of the reinforcement with polymer. Long fibre based processing methods are described next. A description of emerging thermoplastic composite processes and products follows. Finally we review process models and representative applications.
Common SCN10A variants modulate PR interval and heart rate response during atrial fibrillation (2013)

The common variant rs6795970 in SCN10A is associated with the PR interval duration among healthy patients and those with AF. In addition, this single nucleotide polymorphism trended towards an association with heart rate response during AF indicating the importance of this common SCN10A polymorphism as a marker of atrioventricular conduction.
Long-Term Integrity of Waste Package Final Closure for HLW Geological Disposal, (VI) Consistency of the Structural Integrity Evaluation Model for the Weld Joint (2010)

Overpack, a container of high-level radioactive waste for Japan's geological disposal program, is required to prevent the sealed vitrified waste from coming into contact with groundwater for 1,000 years. This means that the same duration and function arerequired for the weld joint between the body and lid of the overpack. The authors have initiated studies on a methodology evaluating the long-term integrity of the lid closure, including welding tests and non-destructive examination tests, and proposed a structural integrity evaluation model for the lid closure as a basis for fracture mechanics assessment. The model makes two main assumptions consistent with six prerequisites. Thisarticle examines the consistency of the mechanical strength of the lid closure (one of the two assumptions) with its prerequisites, through a review of the test results of corrosion behavior and numerical calculations of neutron irradiation embrittlement for weld joints. Furthermore, a comparison of the critical crack lengths at different penetration depths was conducted, and an estimation of the maximum tolerable flaw size, which serves as a form of an acceptance criterion after adding a safety factor for the size of the weld flaw, was made. Based on these results, the consistency of the proposed evaluation model was discussed and identified.
An Integrated Biometric Database (1990)

The authors concentrate on three main areas of biometric measurements which are covered by their integrated database. They are: speech recognition, signature recognition and face recognition. The specific requirements for each of these human identification methods are described in detail with reference to their applications such as personal identification checks during cheque guaranteeing, secured premises entry/access and delivered items acceptance. The data acquisition control aspects and the present state of the project are outlined. Some illustrative pictorial examples of images from the database are also presented.
Titelbild: Discovering the Intrinsic Causes of Dendrite Formation in Zinc Metal Anodes: Lattice Defects and Residual Stress (Angew. Chem. 16/2023) (2023)

Residual stress and lattice defects in commercial zinc anodes are essential factors for dendrite formation during zinc deposition as they lead to a heterogeneous deposition and limit the epitaxial growth of zinc. In their Research Article (e202218612), Haiyan Wang et al. propose an annealing strategy for lattice defect repair and residual stress relief. As a result, a reconstructed zinc anode achieved a highly epitaxial growth. Residual stress and lattice defects in commercial zinc anodes are essential factors for dendrite formation during zinc deposition as they lead to a heterogeneous deposition and limit the epitaxial growth of zinc. In their Research Article (e202218612), Haiyan Wang et al. propose an annealing strategy for lattice defect repair and residual stress relief. As a result, a reconstructed zinc anode achieved a highly epitaxial growth. Heritage Science Fluoridation Antitumor Agents
Content Aware Network Based on Virtual Infrastructure (2012)

This paper presents the Content Aware Network designed as one of the Parallel Internets developed on Virtual Infrastructure. The CAN is a post-IP network designed to facilitate access to multimedia content in large scale environment. We introduce the proposed CAN network architecture and discuss mechanisms and algorithms required to assure ubiquitous content access and efficient content delivery. In particular, we propose new content naming and resolution schemes, an effective content source selection algorithm, which optimize resource utilization and the flexible content delivery method. Moreover, we present developed prototype and numerical results illustrating effectiveness of proposed CAN delivery method.
Measurement of Delamination Fatigue Threshold and Its Crack-Length Dependency for CF/PEEK Laminates. (1995)

Model I delamination fatigue crack growth behavior was investigated with unidirectional laminates made from ICI APC-2 (AS 4/PEEK). Tests were carried out by using double cantilever beam specimens. Fatigue tests under the constant maximum energy release rate indicated that the crack growth rate decreases with increasing crack length from the initial defect. Hence, the conventional load-shedding method gives higher threshold values corresponding to the increment of crack length. The most conservative growth law and the threshold value were obtained by using the growth rate at the zero increment of the crack length from the starter film. Here, the existence of the growth threshold was shown by nonpropagating cracks. Since this method requires a computer controlled test system and a number of specimens, another simplified method was proposed. This newly developed method is the iteration of several load-shedding tests. In this method, the threshold value converged after only several tests. This threshold value agreed well with that obtained by the tests under the constant maximum energy release rate. Moreover, the threshold value for this method was lower than that determined by the delamination growth onset method.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Autogenous Patellar Tendon Graft in Patients with Articular Cartilage Damage (1997)

To test if anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autogenous patellar tendon can alleviate symptoms and functional limitations and increase activity levels in patients with advanced articular cartilage damage, we looked at 53 patients with arthroscopically documented cartilage damage. In this group, a mean of 7.5 years had elapsed between the original injury and the reconstruction, and 90 prior operative procedures had been done. Postoperatively, all patients had immediate motion and early functional rehabilitation. The results were assessed with the Cincinnati Knee Rating System. At followup (mean, 27 months), significant improvements were found for pain, swelling, giving way, functional limitations with daily and sports activities, and the overall rating score. Forty-two patients (79%) had returned to some type of athletic activity. Only three patients (6%) had failed results. In the patients' own ratings of the overall knee condition, 8 of 51 (16%) rated their knees as normal, 28 (55%) as very good, 7 (14%) as good, 5 (10%) as fair, and 3 (6%) as poor. We concluded that the majority of patients benefited from the arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction because it decreased episodes of giving way with daily activities and increased activity without aggravating the preexisting arthrosis.
The Effects of High Fat Diet and Resveratrol on Mitochondrial Activity of Brown Adipocytes (2016)

RSV could improve insulin resistance, which might be associated with mitochondrial activity of brown adipocyte. Further studies evaluating the activity of RSV for both the differentiation and mitochondrial activity of BAT could be helpful in investigating the effects of RSV on metabolic parameters.
Bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry of epon-embedded undecalcified bone in a canine fracture healing model. (1995)

We evaluated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry of paraffin-, methyl methacrylate (MMA)-, and epon-araldite (epon)-embedded canine bone specimens to establish an optimal technique for studying cell kinetics of fracture healing in a canine tibial gap model. Dogs were sacrificed 4 months after tibial ostectomy and 1 hr after i.v. injection of BrdU (100 mg/kg). BrdU immunohistochemical staining with a peroxidase-labeled streptavidin-biotin (LAB-SA) method was performed on thin sections of tibia fixed in 70% ethanol and embedded in paraffin, MMA, or epon. Thin section of small intestines fixed in 70% ethanol and 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin, MMA, or epon were BrdU-stained and served as a model for proliferating tissue. Good and consistent BrdU immunostaining without detachment of bone sections was obtained for epon-embedded undecalcified bone sections. BrdU-positive cells were easily identifiable, in contrast to negligible background staining. BrdU-labeled osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts were observed around and on the surface of woven bone in external and internal callus of the ostectomy gap. Nuclei of osteocytes were not labeled. In contrast to the epon-embedded specimens, BrdU immunostaining of paraffin-embedded decalcified and MMA-embedded undecalcified bone specimens was unsatisfactory. The results of this study suggest that BrdU immunohistochemistry of ethanol-fixed, epon-embedded, undecalcified canine bone sections is a technique suitable for study of fracture healing with the described methodology.
The identification and human health significance of environmental aeromonads (1995)

Aeromonads readily grow in waters, particularly if nutrified, to concentrations in excess of total coliforms. Strains of aeromonads can cause gastroenteritis and tissue necrosis. Several suspected virulence factors, such as haemolysins, cytotoxins and enterotoxins may be involved in their pathogenesis. Amongst the thirteen recognised hybridisation groups of Aeromonas, only five species were identified by eight phenotypic characteristics from 339 strains isolated from marine, fresh river or storm waters or from tertiary and sewage/primary effluents. The majority of strains (50%) showed atypical phenotypes, and 24% of 208 randomly selected strains were not identified as aeromonads with a genus specific 16S rDNA-targeted PCR. Most discrepancies occurred with A. schubertii phenotypes, none of which were identified as aeromonads by PCR. Marine waters contained the largest proportion of atypical phenotypes (45/67) of which 60%, compared to &amp;lt;20% for other water sources, were not identified as aeromonads by PCR. A. hydrophila was generally the predominant species identified (93/339), although A. caviae was more prevalent in tertiary treated sewage effluents. Freshwaters contained the largest proportion of aeromonads with haemolysin and/or enterotoxin activity, whereas cytotoxin activity was more prevalent from stormwater isolates. Freshwater strains of A. veronii biotype sobria and A. hydrophila appeared to be the most toxigenic. Furthermore, river sites downstream of sewage effluent release contained more aeromonads than sites immediately upstream of the discharge. Hence, there was a clear positive correlation between freshwater eutrophication and the presence of potentially virulent aeromonads, the majority of which were A. hydrophila and A. veronii which can most rapidly and accurately be identified by PCR.
On the performance of integrated interleaving coding schemes (2003)

We examine the performance of integrated interleaving coding schemes given by Hassner et al. (2001). We show that the originally proposed bounds are fairly loose, which in specific cases actually suggests a worsening in the performance using the code. A tighter theoretical evaluation of the performance is presented and based on it, closed-form analytical expressions are derived to optimize the performance within a given class of codes. We then present a modified decoding scheme of the code and evaluate its performance to show that it substantially improves the coding gain compared to the original decoding scheme.