gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activated Coordinated Chemical Defense against Disease in Plants (1977)

It has been repeatedly demonstrated that plants are protected against disease by using procedures that are essentially identical to those used to immunize animals (1-9). Plants inoculated or treated with cultivar nonpathogenic races of pathogens, avirulent forms of pathogens, non-pathogens, heat-attenuated pathogens and high molecular weight products of infectious agents are protected against disease caused by subsequent infection by pathogens (1, 2, 4-6, 10-23). Recovery from disease or limited disease caused by a pathogen also systemically protect plants against disease caused by subsequent infection by the same pathogen or occasionally unrelated pathogens (4, 5, 17, 24-26). It is also evident that infectious agents elicit the accumulation of antibiotic chemicals (phytoalexins or stress metabolites) around sites of infection, and in resistant interactions these substances often rapidly attain concentrations that inhibit development of many infectious agents (1, 18, 27-32). Clearly, the elicitation of disease resistance in a animals and plants is not
Construction of picoliter-nanoliter self-filling volumetric pipettes (1976)

A technique is described whereby-volume, self-filling micropipettes can be constructed with minimal time and effort. The delivery volumes of such pipettes may range from several picoliters to more than 100 nl. The delivery of a given pipette of even the smallest volume is precise, generally yielding standard deviations much less than 1% of the mean volume as measured by liquid-scintillation counting of isotope dilutions. The technique offers considerable advantage to previously described techniques for constructing small constant-volume pipettes.
Laser-based glass soldering for MEMS packaging (2007)

The work carried out in this study deals with the development of a laser-based glass soldering process. This process is applied to the assembly of two glass plates as encountered in the manufacturing of display devices. The main guidelines of the laser process setting up are mainly to avoid any overheating of the parts and to insure a hermetic bonding of the assembly. Thermal modeling of the process is therefore carried out to guide the experimental developments. Then, visual and microscopy analysis of the soldered joints are done to point out the feasibility of the process.
Correction to Rational Design of Hybrid Graphene Films for High-Performance Transparent Electrodes (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Rational Design of Hybrid Graphene Films for High-Performance Transparent ElectrodesYu Zhu, Zhengzong Sun, Zheng Yan, Zhong Jin, and James M. Tour*Cite this: ACS Nano 2011, 5, 9, 7686Publication Date (Web):August 10, 2011Publication History Received5 August 2011Published online10 August 2011Published inissue 27 September 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nn202978nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/nn202978ncorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1311Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (515 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Electrodes,Rational design,Two dimensional materials Get e-Alerts
Pheromone synthesis, CIV. Synthesis of the enantiomers of α‐Phellandren‐8‐ol (p‐mentha‐1,5‐dien‐8‐ol), a monoterpene from bark beetles (1988)

Abstract Enantiomerically pure ( R )‐α‐phellandren‐8‐ol ( p ‐mentha‐1,5‐dien‐8‐ol, 1a ) was synthesized from ( R )‐carvone ( 2 ). Similarly ( S )‐ 1 a was synthesized from ( S )‐ 2 .
The Road to 3G (2002)

This paper provides a high level overview of 2G and 3G wireless cellular technologies and the expected evolutionary path between them. The technical aspects of each technology are discussed with an emphasis on understanding key characteristics of each specification. Technologies including PDC, cdmaOne (IS-95), TDMA (IS-54, IS-136), GSM, GPRS, EDGE, cdma2000 (IS-2000), cdma2000 1xEV- DO (IS -856), and W-CDMA (UMTS FDD) are discussed. Less widely deployed technologies such as cdma2000 1xEV-DV, DECT+, UMTS TDD, and TD-SCDMA are mentioned briefly with limited discussion due to their expected limited use.
2‐Substituted thienotetrahydropyridine derivatives: Allosteric ectonucleotidase inhibitors (2021)

The antithrombotic prodrugs ticlopidine and clopidogrel are thienotetrahydro-pyridine derivatives that are metabolized in the liver to produce thiols that irreversibly block adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-activated P2Y<sub>12</sub> receptors on thrombocytes. In their native, nonmetabolized form, both drugs were reported to act as inhibitors of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1, CD39). CD39 catalyzes the extracellular hydrolysis of nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, mainly adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and ADP, yielding adenosine monophosphate, which is further hydrolyzed by ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) to produce adenosine. While ATP has proinflammatory effects, adenosine is a potent anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive agent. Inhibitors of CD39 and CD73 have potential as novel checkpoint inhibitors for the immunotherapy of cancer and infection. In the present study, we investigated 2-substituted thienotetrahydropyridine derivatives, structurally related to ticlopidine, as CD39 inhibitors. Due to their substituent on the 2-position, they will not be metabolically transformed into reactive thiols and can, therefore, be expected to be devoid of P2Y<sub>12</sub> receptor-antagonistic activity in vivo. Several of the investigated 2-substituted thienotetrahydropyridine derivatives showed concentration-dependent inhibition of CD39. The most potent derivative, 32, showed similar CD39-inhibitory potency to ticlopidine, both acting as allosteric inhibitors. Compound 32 showed an improved selectivity profile: While ticlopidine blocked several NTPDase isoenzymes, 32 was characterized as a novel dual inhibitor of CD39 and CD73.
Role of Increased Lipoprotein (a) in Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2021)

<b>Background</b> Increased lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] has been associated with enhanced risk of cardiovascular events and more recently with venous thromboembolism. However, there is inconclusive data on the association between enhanced Lp(a) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). We aimed to assess the role of Lp(a) in RVO. <b>Methods</b> We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies addressing the role of Lp(a) in RVO. A systematic literature search was performed to identify all published papers reporting Lp(a) levels. Main outcome measures consisted of Lp(a) levels in patients with (cases) or without (controls) RVO. <b>Results</b> We included 13 studies for a total of 1,040 cases and 16,648 controls. Lp(a) levels above normal limits were associated with RVO (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.7-3.34) and patients with RVO had higher Lp(a) levels than controls (weighted mean difference: 13.4 mg/dL, 95% CI 8.2-18.6). <b>Conclusion</b> Increased Lp(a) levels associate with RVO and should be included among diagnostic and prognostic indexes for this unusual-site vein thrombosis. Therapeutic interventions aimed to lower Lp(a) should be tested in RVO patients.
Digitalis Toxicity (1985)

The principal causes of digitalis toxicity are overdose, reduced volume of distribution, reduced renal elimination, and increased myocardial sensitivity. The metabolic mechanism of digitalis toxicity is intense inhibition of sarcolemma Na-K ATPase, which leads to increases of intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ and arrhythmogenic membrane ionic currents. A variety of cellular electrophysiologic effects and effects on the nervous system are responsible for the array of clinical arrhythmias seen during digitalis toxicity, i.e., sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block, nonparoxysmal atrioventricular junctional tachycardia, and ventricular tachycardia.
Aggregation of Transmembrane Peptides Studied by Spin-Label EPR (2009)

The structure and function of membrane proteins is partly determined by the interaction of these proteins with the lipids of the membrane. Peptides forming single membrane-spanning alpha-helices, such as the WALP peptide (acetyl-GWWL(AL)(n)WWA-amide), are good models for such interactions. This interaction can be studied by investigating the aggregation of peptides. If the peptides remain isolated in the membrane, the peptide-lipid interaction dominates, if the peptides aggregate, the peptide-peptide interaction is stronger. The intrinsic dynamics and the disordered nature of the system require new approaches to determine eventual aggregation. We performed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) on spin-labeled WALP (SL-WALP) in the gel and the liquid-crystalline phases of two different phospholipids, the saturated DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), and the unsaturated DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). At low temperatures (120 K) where both lipids are in the gel phase, less extensive aggregation is observed for the peptide in DOPC as compared to DPPC. Together with previous data on aggregation of WALP peptides from atomic force microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy at 294 K ( Sparr ; et al. Biochemistry 2005 , 44 , 2 -10 ), the results suggest that at 120 K WALP peptides form line aggregates in DOPC and cluster aggregates in DPPC. In the liquid-crystalline phase of both lipids, signatures of aggregation are absent, showing that in this phase the peptide can be accommodated by either lipid. It can be concluded that the lipid phase, in this case gel or liquid-crystalline, is a more important determinant for peptide aggregation than whether the lipid is saturated (DPPC) or unsaturated (DOPC). In view of the gel-phase-like behavior of some membrane phases in physiological systems the methodology should be relevant.
Biomarkers of Crohn’s Disease to Support the Development of New Therapeutic Interventions (2020)

The primary focus of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Regulatory Science Consortium will be development of exploratory biomarkers and the qualification of FC and CRP for IBD. The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Regulatory Science Consortium, focused on tools to support IBD drug development, will operate in the precompetitive space to share data, biological samples for biomarker testing, and assay information for novel biomarkers.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Mechanisms of Metal Reduction by Hemoglobin. Part 2. Reduction of Copper(II) Complexes. (1988)

Abstract The kinetics of the reduction of Cu(II) complexes of bathocuproine, H 2 O, citrate, ATP, 1,10‐phenanthroline, histidine and nitrilotriacetate by hemoglobin are consistent with two mechanisms, which are both operative in Cu(II) reduction by the β subunits.
Mcm2 is a target of regulation by Cdc7–Dbf4 during the initiation of DNA synthesis (1997)

The initiation of DNA synthesis is an important cell cycle event that defines the beginning of S phase. This critical event involves the participation of proteins whose functions are regulated by cyclin dependent protein kinases (Cdks). The Mcm2-7 proteins are a family of six conserved proteins that are essential for the initiation of DNA synthesis in all eukaryotes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, members of the Mcm2-7 family undergo cell cycle-specific phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of Mcm proteins at the beginning of S phase coincides with the removal of these proteins from chromatin and the onset of DNA synthesis. In this study, we identified DBF4, which encodes the regulatory subunit of a Cdk-like protein kinase Cdc7-Dbf4, in a screen for second site suppressors of mcm2-1. The dbf4 suppressor mutation restores competence to initiate DNA synthesis to the mcm2-1 mutant. Cdc7-Dbf4 interacts physically with Mcm2 and phosphorylates Mcm2 and three other members of the Mcm2-7 family in vitro. Blocking the kinase activity of Cdc7-Dbf4 at the G1-to-S phase transition also blocks the phosphorylation of Mcm2 at this defined point of the cell cycle. Taken together, our data suggest that phosphorylation of Mcm2 and probably other members of the Mcm2-7 proteins by Cdc7-Dbf4 at the G1-to-S phase transition is a critical step in the initiation of DNA synthesis at replication origins.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of the hypothetical protein BPSL1038 fromBurkholderia pseudomallei (2014)

Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the B. pseudomallei genome includes 5855 coding DNA sequences (CDSs), of which ∼25% encode hypothetical proteins. A pathogen-associated hypothetical protein, BPSL1038, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized using vapour-diffusion methods. A BPSL1038 protein crystal that grew using sodium formate as precipitant diffracted to 1.55 Å resolution. It belonged to space group C2221, with unit-cell parameters a = 85.36, b = 115.63, c = 46.73 Å. The calculated Matthews coefficient (VM) suggests that there are two molecules per asymmetric unit, with a solvent content of 48.8%.
Modeling the Joint Distribution of Home and Workplace Locations in a City (1977)

A number of analyses have been made in recent years to fit models to the separate spatial distributions of homes and workplaces over a city. This paper investigates the fit of a spatial model to the joint distribution of homes and workplaces, taking into account that home and workplace locations are interrelated. The model is expressed as a single continuous function of the home and workplace coordinates, and in its simpler form has three parameters, each with a clear physical interpretation. The model is compared with data on desire-line lengths of work-trips in London and Bristol for different modes of transport, and the results show close agreement in most of the cases that are examined. The analyses suggest that for work trips the model can be used as a suitable, approximation to the trip distribution. The model describes the spatial pattern of travel, and provides a direct estimate of the travel demand, without the need for an iterative procedure. Some implications of the model are discussed and it is shown that the model can be expressed as a continuous variable form of the standard gravity model.
A Visual Analytics Approach to Debugging Cooperative, Autonomous Multi-Robot Systems' Worldviews (2020)

Autonomous multi-robot systems, where a team of robots shares information to perform tasks that are beyond an individual robot's abilities, hold great promise for a number of applications, such as planetary exploration missions. Each robot in a multi-robot system that uses the shared-world coordination paradigm autonomously schedules which robot should perform a given task, and when, using its worldview--the robot's internal representation of its belief about both its own state, and other robots' states. A key problem for operators is that robots' worldviews can fall out of sync (often due to weak communication links), leading to desynchronization of the robots' scheduling decisions and inconsistent emergent behavior (e.g., tasks not performed, or performed by multiple robots). Operators face the time-consuming and difficult task of making sense of the robots' scheduling decisions, detecting de-synchronizations, and pinpointing the cause by comparing every robot's worldview. To address these challenges, we introduce MOSAIC Viewer, a visual analytics system that helps operators (i) make sense of the robots' schedules and (ii) detect and conduct a root cause analysis of the robots' desynchronized worldviews. Over a year-long partnership with roboticists at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, we conduct a formative study to identify the necessary system design requirements and a qualitative evaluation with 12 roboticists. We find that MOSAIC Viewer is faster- and easier-to-use than the users' current approaches, and it allows them to stitch low-level details to formulate a high-level understanding of the robots' schedules and detect and pinpoint the cause of the desynchronized worldviews.
Web-enabled model-based CAD for design (2010)

Increasingly innovative ways of exploiting the Internet is giving rise to potentially new ways of designing and managing constructed facilities. The ability to source design components from different locations on the web and incorporate them in developing a design solution is an evolving technology that would have major implications for the way design and construction are carried out. Many CAD applications have developed user interfaces and connectivity supports that enable the incorporation of online information and web applications in a convenient manner. Building information modeling is another promising technology that facilitates knowledge management and collaboration among stakeholders throughout the design, construction, and maintenance operations. In a building information model, each component has its properties, information, and semantics. Application programming interfaces (APIs) in CAD software can be used to facilitate the management and exchange of building information. Therefore, a CAD application can become a service hub for acquiring and capturing design and project information. This paper describes an effort in applying web-enabled technologies using both software Autodesk Architectural Desktop (ADT) and Google Sketchup. Three scenarios will be illustrated to show the potential of web-enabled model-based CAD in the design and construction processes. The first scenario demonstrates the usage of CAD programs to perform configuration design by directly interacting with the web and online information through web browsers and a CAD software plug-in namely SpecifiCAD. The second scenario illustrates the evaluation of design alternatives according to energy and carbon emission simulation and analysis results, provided by using a Sketchup plug-in that links to the Integrated Environmental Solutions (IES) software. The third scenario shows the utilization of the entity information from CAD models to facilitate project planning and control with suppliers. Keywords: CAD, Web-enabled, Design, Construction, BIM. 1
Using a latent class model to refine risk stratification in multiple myeloma (2015)

In multiple myeloma research, the GEP70 model is known to be capable of predicting a high risk patient group for disease progression based on the expression levels of 70 selected genes measured at baseline. The model consists of a continuous gene score that is a linear combination of the 70 genes along with a cutoff, such that patients with a score greater than the cutoff are categorized as high risk and otherwise low risk for disease progression. However, the continuous gene score may be confusing at times because of its open range nature. In addition, the present two-group model is sensitive to scores falling close to its cutoff. To facilitate patients' understanding of their prognosis, it is desirable to convert the continuous score into a probability that has an easier interpretation. In this article, we employ a latent class model to address this issue, and we also propose a superior grey zone model to refine the current risk stratification associated with the GEP70 model. Lastly, we demonstrate the robustness of the grey zone model with results from a simulation study.
Pathology and pathogenesis of intracranial berry aneurysms* (1990)

Berry aneurysms are peculiarly common to the cerebral circulation of man. They are acquired lesions related to the large calibre and atherosclerosis of the cerebral arteries. The aetiology and pathogenesis are intimately concerned with haemodynamic stresses at arterial forks without scientific evidence of maldevelopmental errors. Whilst connective tissue disorders may predispose to their development, they are not essential aetiological factors. There is a need to identify the particular haemodynamic stresses and biophysical responses of the mural connective tissues in their development.
Rare Earth Doped Nanoparticles in Organic and Inorganic Host Materials for Application in Integrated Optics (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Mid-infrared ultrashort pulses generated from a hybrid mode-locked Er:ZBLAN fiber laser (2023)

By combining nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) and semiconductor saturable absorber, we report a hybrid mode-locked Er:ZBLAN fiber oscillator at 2.8 µm. Stable 325-fs mode-locked pulses with an average power of 131 mW and a record signal-to-noise ratio of 79 dB at the fundamental frequency of 55.4 MHz are generated. Numerical simulations are carried out based on the modified coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, and offer new insights into the underlying dynamics of pulse generation. The simulations indicate that compared with Er:ZBLAN fiber lasers mode-locked by NPR alone, the hybrid mode-locked Er:ZBLAN fiber oscillator allows a wider range and a lower threshold of the pump power while maintaining the ultrashort pulse width. Moreover, we numerically demonstrate that the hybrid mode-locked oscillator is less sensitive to the variation of polarization states, which will increase its robustness against environmental disturbance. This is the first time that the hybrid mode-locking technique is applied in the mid-infrared, opening up new opportunities for the development of stable ultrafast mid-infrared laser sources and practical applications outside the laboratory.
Silicon fertilizer efficiency (2010)

The role and function of silicon in plants and soil-plant system are investigated. It is shown that this element provides natural protection of cultivated plants from biogenic and abiogenic stresses, and silicon fertilizers allow producing a maximum yield with minimum cost.
Performance of Industrial Equipment to Collect Coolant Mist (1996)

A protocol was developed to evaluate collector performance in the laboratory under conditions that simulate plant practice. Eight collector manufacturers provided nine samples of their products, each designed to handle 1700 m3/hr (1000 ft3/min) of airflow. Each collector was tested using mists of mineral oil, soluble oil, and synthetic fluid; for a three-stage collector, tests with each metalworking fluid lasted for thirteen 24-hour days. For each collector stage as well as for each assembled collector, tests established the relationship between efficiency and droplet diameter for droplets from less than 0.3 to about 6 µm in diameter. Substantial differences in efficiency and pressure drop were found among the stages and assembled collectors. Some metal mesh filters worked well as first stages, whereas pocket filters, one cartridge filter, and an electrostatic precipitator worked well as second stages. High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA), 95% dioctyl phthalate (DOP), and candle filters provided excellent efficiency as final stages for droplets of all sizes. When collecting mineral oil mist, the efficiency of some first and second stages deteriorated substantially over the relatively short term of these tests.