gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Schottky barrier height reduction for metal/n-GaSb contact by inserting TiO2 interfacial layer with low tunneling resistance (2011)

Fermi level pinning near GaSb valence band edge leads to high Schottky barrier height for metal/n-type GaSb contacts. However, this effect can be alleviated by depinning of the Fermi level with the introduction of thin interfacial dielectric. In this paper, the use of TiO2 allows depinning of the Fermi level without introducing excessive tunneling resistance due to the low conduction band offset, estimated by synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy. It is shown the insertion of TiO2 results in reduction in Schottky barrier height and greater than four orders of magnitude increase in current density for metal contacts on n-type GaSb.
CRISPR editing of CCR5 and HIV-1 facilitates viral elimination in antiretroviral drug-suppressed virus-infected humanized mice (2023)

Treatment of HIV-1<sub>ADA</sub>-infected CD34+ NSG-humanized mice with long-acting ester prodrugs of cabotegravir, lamivudine, and abacavir in combination with native rilpivirine was followed by dual CRISPR-Cas9 C-C chemokine receptor type five (CCR5) and HIV-1 proviral DNA gene editing. This led to sequential viral suppression, restoration of absolute human CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell numbers, then elimination of replication-competent virus in 58% of infected mice. Dual CRISPR therapies enabled the excision of integrated proviral DNA in infected human cells contained within live infected animals. Highly sensitive nucleic acid nested and droplet digital PCR, RNAscope, and viral outgrowth assays affirmed viral elimination. HIV-1 was not detected in the blood, spleen, lung, kidney, liver, gut, bone marrow, and brain of virus-free animals. Progeny virus from adoptively transferred and CRISPR-treated virus-free mice was neither detected nor recovered. Residual HIV-1 DNA fragments were easily seen in untreated and viral-rebounded animals. No evidence of off-target toxicities was recorded in any of the treated animals. Importantly, the dual CRISPR therapy demonstrated statistically significant improvements in HIV-1 cure percentages compared to single treatments. Taken together, these observations underscore a pivotal role of combinatorial CRISPR gene editing in achieving the elimination of HIV-1 infection.
Microstructural Characteristics of Underwater Shock Consolidated Aluminum Composites (2003)

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) offer extra strength and high temperature capabilities in comparison with unreinforced metals. Aluminum composites possess higher stiffness, strength, fatigue properties and low weight advantages.Carbon fiber reinforced Al composites (Al-Cf) and silicon carbide particulate reinforced Al composites (Al-SiCp) were shock densified using axisymmetric assemblies for underwater explosions. Unidirectional planar shock waves were applied to obtain uniform consolidation of the composites. The energy generator was a high explosive of 6.9 km/s detonation velocity. Irregular morphological powders of Al were the base material. The reinforcement ratio was 15 Vol. pct for Al-Cf composites and 30 Vol. pct for Al-SiCp composites. The microstructural and the strength characteristics of the shock consolidated Al composites are reported.
A solid phase approach to substituted pyrimidines and their conversion into condensed heterocycles for potential use in combinatorial chemistry. (1999)

A novel general synthesis of substituted pyrimidine 3 has been carried out on solid support. The C-atoms carring the cyano, amino, carboxamido, as well as anchoring site have exploited to generate libraries of compounds 6-8, 10, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 and 27. A novel strategy to cleave the resin to resin-site unsubstituted system has been developed and it provides 5,6-disubstituted pyrimidines 6-8. In addition, synthesis of 2,5,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines of prototype 10 were carried out by nucleophilic displacement of the anchor by various amines. Further investigations were directed toward the solid phase synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines 12, 16, 20 and 24 in which C-atoms carring the oxo, thio, amino, anchoring site as well as NH could be introduced as center of diversity to generate libraries of compounds for potential use. 4-Aminopyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines 13 and 17 were obtained from fusion of 3a with urea or thiourea followed by cleavage of support while 3-phenylpyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines 21 and 27 were synthesized from cyclisation of 4 with phenyl isocyanate or isothiocyanate followed by release of resin. 7-substituted pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines 15, 19, 23 and 27 were obtained by oxidation of 12, 16, 20 and 24 followed by aminolytic cleavage of support.
Relative Roles of the Cellular and Humoral Responses in the Drosophila Host Defense against Three Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections (2011)

Background: Two NF-kappaB signaling pathways, Toll and immune deficiency (imd), are required for survival to bacterial infections in Drosophila. In response to septic injury, these pathways mediate rapid transcriptional activation of distinct sets of effector molecules, including antimicrobial peptides, which are important components of a humoral defense response. However, it is less clear to what extent macrophage-like hemocytes contribute to host defense.
Selection and characterisation of binders based on homodimerisation of immunoglobulin VH domains (2003)

The antigen-binding surface of antibodies is formed by the heterodimerisation of the two variable domains of the light (V(L)) and heavy (V(H)) chains. We have previously described the spontaneous formation of V(H) dimers (VHD) in both bacteria and mammalian cells. The self-association of a single domain produces a homo-VHD, in which the two identical V(H) domains generate a unique symmetric surface for antigen binding that is never found in the normal V(L)/V(H) antibody binding site. We developed a phagemid vector for the construction of phage display libraries in which a cysteine residue, introduced at the C-terminus of the only V(H) cloned, allowed display of homo-VHDs. Panning of the library on different proteins yielded antigen specific binders against lysozyme, glutathione S-transferase and streptavidin. A lysozyme specific homo-VHD was further characterised with an apparent affinity determined to be 216+/-6.6 nM. Importantly, the results showed that its binding activity was fully dependent on the dimerisation of both identical V(H) domains.
Metabolic Control With the Bio-inspired Artificial Pancreas in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes (2015)

The BiAP is safe and achieved equivalent time in target as measured by sensor glucose, with improvement in hypoglycemia, when compared to standard pump therapy.
Nitrificação de águas amarelas em leito percolante de areia (2019)

RESUMO O esgotamento sanitário ecológico conscientiza a população sobre a importância do reúso da água com maior eficiência e do uso de efluentes de sistemas de tratamento descentralizados. O presente trabalho descreve os resultados da nitrificação de águas amarelas em reator biológico com a utilização de materiais simples, por exemplo, a areia, como suporte, objetivando tornar esses resíduos líquidos disponíveis para aproveitamento do nitrogênio mineralizado na agricultura sustentável. O monitoramento do sistema foi realizado por meio dos indicadores pH, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), alcalinidade total (ALC), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), nitrogênio total Kjeldahl (NTK), nitrogênio amoniacal (NA), nitrito (NO- 2) e nitrato (NO- 3). O sistema apresentou boa remoção de matéria orgânica e excelente conversão do nitrogênio para NO- 2 e NO- 3, com eficiência de transformação do NTK para NO- 3 da ordem de 93%.
Kinetics and Mechanisms of CO Oxidation on Nd1-xSrxCoO3-y Catalysts with Static and Flow Methods (1996)

Perovskite-type Nd1-xSrxCoO3-y catalysts with various Sr mole fraction were prepared and investigated for the effect of Sr substitution on their catalytic activities in the oxidation of carbon monoxide. Utilizing the static and flow methods, kinetic studies have been carried out between 373 and 523 K. The initial reaction was investigated by the static reactor system using a differential photoacoustic cell, and for the study of reaction stage showing a constant catalytic activity after an initial stage characterized by high reaction rates, the flow reactor system using on-line gas chromatography was employed. The catalytic activity increased with increasing amounts of Sr substitution for Nd in NdCoO3 compounds, and it also increased with higher reaction temperature within the range of 373−523 K. Kinetic data obtained in an initial reaction stage by CO2 photoacoustic spectroscopy showed that the reaction partial orders to CO and O2 were 0.8−0.9 and 0, respectively. In the reaction stage showing a constant catalytic activity after an initial stage, the oxidation was found to be first order with respect to CO and 0.5 order with respect to O2. The concentration of oxygen vacancy in the solid catalyst was shown to be the controlling factor for the oxidation of carbon monoxide. According to the experimental results, the mechanisms of the CO oxidation processes are discussed, and it is believed that O2 adsorbs on the oxygen vacancies (Vox) formed by Sr substitution while CO adsorbs on the lattice oxygens during the reaction process.
Performance dependence of a stick-slip piezoelectric actuator on the angle between the piezoelectric stack and mover (2021)

The angle between the piezoelectric stack (PES) and the mover would significantly affect the output performances of stick-slip piezoelectric actuators in theory; however, this issue has not been explored. Accordingly, in this paper, to investigate the effects of the angle, a stick-slip piezoelectric actuator with a changeable angle between the PES and the mover was proposed, and its structure was briefly introduced first. Then, the relationship between the angle and the parasitic motion was theoretically calculated. After that, the output performances of the actuator were characterized under different angles between the PES and the mover. The results indicated that the angle between the PES and the mover significantly affected the one-step maximum displacement and the backward motion. After comprehensive analysis, the best output performances of the actuator were obtained under the angle of 0°.
Parenting Stress and Abuse Potential in Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities (1997)

Most research on parenting stress and abuse factors in parents of children with developmental disabilities has relied almost exclusively on Caucasian, middle-income, intact families. The current study investigated the generalizability of previous findings, examining the relations among parenting stress, abuse potential, and child's intellectual/adaptive functioning in a sample of low-income African American mothers of children with developmental delays. Thirty-three maternal caregivers completed the Child Abuse Potential Inventory and the Parenting Stress Index. Results indicated significant parenting stress, particularly aspects related to the child, as well as considerable physical abuse potential. Parenting stress was strongly correlated with abuse potential, particularly stress related to parental attributes. Neither parenting stress nor abuse potential were significantly correlated with the child's intellectual or adaptive functioning. Concerns regarding the appropriateness of these measures with this population and the need for controlled studies are discussed.
Direct correlation of 4D seismic and well activity for dynamic reservoir interpretation (2009)

A method is proposed which identifies areas in the 4D seismic response which directly correlate with well activity, and hence are consistent with the reservoir engineer's understanding of the field. This approach makes use of the essential requirement for a causal relationship between the seismic difference signatures and the cumulative produced or injected volumes. The method relies upon the use of multiple and frequently shot seismic surveys over a common reservoir area. It is applied to data from the Schiehallion field, West of the Shetland Islands, and the resultant signals are observed to be robust, with a much reduced noise level and to enhance particularly weak 4D seismic signatures. The results may be indicative of regions of connectivity associated with each well.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐β/δ agonists regulate inflammation and demyelination in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (2008)

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR) are nuclear hormone receptors that regulate cell growth, differentiation and homeostasis. PPAR agonists have been used to treat obesity, diabetes, cancer and inflammation. We and others have shown earlier that PPAR α, δ and γ agonists ameliorate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we examined the effect of PPARβ/δ agonists on inflammation and demyelination in EAE. Four to six weeks old female C57BL/6 mice were induced to develop EAE by immunization with MOGp 35–55 antigen on day 0 and 7 and treated (i.p.) with 25 or 100 μg PPARδ agonists, GW501516 and L165041, on every other day from day 0 to 30. We found that in vivo treatment with PPARδ agonists inhibits the clinical and pathological symptoms of EAE in a dose‐dependent manner. To study the mechanism of action, brain and spleen tissues were isolated on day 14 following induction of EAE and the expression of inflammatory genes analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry and ELISA. The CNS and lymphoid organs of mice with EAE showed an elevated expression of IL‐17, IFNγ, IL‐12p40, IL‐12p35 and IL‐23p19 and that decreased significantly following treatment with PPARδ agonists in vivo. The spleen cells from EAE mice treated with PPARδ agonists showed a significant decrease in neural antigen‐induced expression of IL‐17 and IFNγ ex vivo. However, PPARδ agonists failed to inhibit neural antigen‐induced or IL‐12/IL‐23‐induced Th1/Th17 responses in vitro. These results highlight the fact that PPARδ agonists ameliorate EAE by modulating neuroinflammatory response in vivo.
Study of the Effects of Fluid Rheology on Minifrac Analysis (1987)

ABSTRACT Incorporation of a energy balance equation into the pressure decline analysis (minifrac) greatly improves the effectiveness of this analysis. Minifrac analysis currently being employed by most petroleum industry operators does not consider the rheological properties of the fracturing fluid. The most severe consequence of this omission is that the geometry determined by minifrac analysis often differs from that of the fracture design programs based on the same model. Inclusion of the energy balance equation developed by Biot, Masse, and Medlin enhances the analysis as described below. Rheological properties are considered, therefore geometry determined from pressure decline analysis is in agreement with geometry determined from fracture design programs. Because of the close agreement, one can better predict fracture fluid volume required in a full scale treatment.This method does not require the assumption that created fracture width is proportional to the pressure difference between instantaneous shut-in pressure and formation closure pressure. When this difference is on the order of 1000 psi, calculated widths can be several times as great as the width found by the fracture design program based on the same model. Subject presents: (1) discussion of theoretical aspects of new analysis method, (2) case histories of jobs performed with this analytical method as a planning tool, and (3) a comparison of calculated parameters with those used for job design.
Quality evaluation of some combinations of unit uniform random number generators and unit normal transformation algorithms (1981)

This study is concerned with evaluation of the goodness of fit and randomness of unit normal variates generated from combinations of several unit uniform generators and several normal transformation algorithms. The basic conclusion is that use of a good, theoretically exact transformation in conjunction with a theoretically good unit uniform generator does not necessarily guarantee variates with good statistical properties. In many cases generators which aren't quite so good when combined with transformation algorithms which also aren't quite so good, will yield variates with statistical properties which are superior to those of the “better” generators.
Determining the current polarization in Al/Co nanostructured point contacts (2004)

We present a study of the Andreev reflections in superconductor/ferromagnet nanostructured point contacts. The experimental data are analyzed in the frame of a model with two spin-dependent transmission coefficients for the majority and minority charge carriers in the ferromagnet. This model consistently describes the whole set of conductance measurements as a function of voltage, temperature, and magnetic field. The ensemble of our results shows that the degree of spin polarization of the current can be unambiguously determined using Andreev physics.
RP‐HPLC detection of a sulphiting‐induced artefact from paeoniflorin in dried roots of Paeonia lactiflora (2006)

Paeoniflorin is one of the bioactive ingredients of the roots of Paeonia lactiflora (Paeoniaceae). A comparative study of processed and non-processed commercial samples of dried roots of P. lactiflora indicated a very low level of paeoniflorin in the processed sample and the formation of a new more polar component, sodium paeoniflorin sulphonate, during treatment of the roots with sulphiting agents.
Recommendations for Optimizing Acromioclavicular Fixation Success with the Tight Rope Device (2017)

Purpose: To determine if the TightRope device (Arthrex Naples, FL) for fixation of acromioclavicular (AC) separations can create an environment for biologic healing of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments. Methods: Twenty-five male subjects, sustained Grade V AC separations. All patients had AC reconstruction with the TightRope device (Arthrex, Naples, FL). The time from the injury to surgical fixation averaged 13 days. Results: Twenty-one of 25 patients had an anatomic reduction of their AC joint. Four were reduced to a near-anatomic (within 2mm) reduction. At final follow-up, four (16%) patients maintained their anatomic reduction. These four patients underwent surgery at an average of 11 days after the date of injury and had an average age of 25 years. Thirteen (52%) patients displaced to a grade II level (Rockwood classification). These patients averaged 10 days from the date of injury to the date of surgery and had an average age of 39 years. Eight (32%) of the 25 had displaced back to a grade III level (Rockwood classification). These patients averaged 18 days from the date of injury until date of surgery and had an average age of 35 years. All 25 patients described a subjective improvement regardless of displacement. Conclusion: There is a high rate of loss of reduction when using the TightRope (Arthrex, Naples, FL) device. When this device is employed, it should be done as quickly as possible after injury. When the time from injury to surgery exceeds 11 days, loss of reduction seems to be greater. There may be a correlation between older age and a more significant loss of reduction regardless of the acuity of fixation. Level of evidence: IV.
Assessment of Pavement Geometric Characteristics Using UAV-CRP Data (2021)

In the USA, the infrastructure is aging rapidly due to a combination of factors including loading, materials, weather, and other environmental conditions. This is evident from ASCE’s recent report card on the infrastructure condition. Roads, which form the backbone of the infrastructure and provide connectivity to remote areas, were graded “D” overall. The current situation necessitates the selection and adoption of proper pavement management practices and related data collection tools to support proactive monitoring that can help in preventive maintenance. In recent times, there has been a rise in holistically analyzing and visualizing transportation infrastructure assets using intuitive models. These are being accomplished using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms mounted with various compact sensors like visible, infrared, multi-spectral, and hyperspectral cameras; and LiDAR. Over a period, the initial geometric design conditions deteriorate and further lead to distresses on the pavement. In this study, close-range photogrammetry, accomplished using a visible camera mounted on a UAV, is used to study geometrical features and assessments of the pavement condition. The collected aerial images are processed to build three-dimensional (3D) models for assessing the current condition of the design features of pavements including longitudinal and lateral slope information. One of the key benefits of this approach is the facility it provides to analyze a single 3D model for different pavement attributes. This technology is expected to complement the existing traditional monitoring methods and quickly identify problematic sections of pavements for future repairs.
Glucose and Lactate Biosensors Based on Redox Polymer/Oxidoreductase Nanocomposite Thin Films (2000)

Glucose and lactate enzyme electrodes have been fabricated through the deposition of an anionic self-assembled monolayer and subsequent redox polymer/enzyme electrostatic complexation on gold substrates. These surfaces were functionalized with a negative charge using 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA), followed by alternating immersions in cationic redox polymer solutions and anionic glucose oxidase (GOX) or lactate oxidase (LAX) solutions to build the nanocomposite structure. The presence of the multilayer structure was verified by ellipsometry and sensor function characterized electrochemically. Reproducible analyte response curves from 2 to 20 mM (GOX) and 2-10 mM (LAX) were generated with the standard deviation between multiple sensors between 12 and 17%, a direct result of the reproducibility of the fabrication technique. In the case of glucose enzyme electrodes, the multilayer structure was further stabilized through the introduction of covalent bonds within and between the layers. Chemical cross-linking was accomplished by exposing the thin film to glutaraldehyde vapors, inducing linkage formation between lysine and arginine residues present on the enzyme periphery with amine groups present on a novel redox polymer, poly[vinylpyridine Os(bisbipyridine)2Cl]-co-allylamine. Finally, an initial demonstration of thin-film patterning was performed as a precursor to the development of redundant sensor arrays. Microcontact printing was used to functionalize portions of a gold surface with a blocking agent, typically 1-hexadecanethiol. This was followed by immersion in MUA to functionalize the remaining portions of gold with negative charges. The multilayer deposition process was then followed, resulting in growth only on the regions containing MUA, resulting in a "positive"-type pattern. This technique may be used for fabrication of thin-film redundant sensor arrays, with thickness under 100 angstrom and lateral dimensions on a micrometer scale.