gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Ovulation induction with adjuvant antiandrogen treatment in Stein-Leventhal syndrome]. (1996)

Ovulation induction with adjuvant antiandrogen treatment was carried out in 50 cycles of 24 hyperandrogenic anovulatory patients. Besides the clomiphene and gonadotrophin (pure FSH) administration on the bases of antiandrogenic effects of the drugs three treatment groups (dexamethasone, sprinolactone and cyproterone acetate) were established. In 40 cases of 50 cycles ovulation were detected and 11 pregnancies occurred. The authors achieved the highest ovulation and pregnancy rate in the group treated with cyproterone acetate. The highest progesterone and the lowest testosterone levels were measured in the same group. According to our investigations adjuvant antiandrogen treatment with cyproterone acetate advisable in the cases of hyperandrongenic conditions.
Analysis of reduced rate scheduling for switches with reconfiguration overhead (2004)

Hybrid switch architecture with electronic buffering/processing and optical switching fabric is receiving a lot of attention as potential candidate for the design of high-performance and scalable switches/routers. However, the reconfiguration overhead of optical fabrics brings new challenges to system and scheduling algorithm design. For example, speedup is compulsory to make the switch stable; the scheduling rate has to be reduced compare to the traditional slot-by-slot scheduling in electronic switch. This paper provides instructions on how to choose speedup, scheduling algorithm and holding time. Main results include: 1) a speedup of 2 ensures switch stability and is cost-effective; 2) effect of reconfiguration delay is exaggerated at high traffic load and it is worth using complex scheduling algorithm; and 3) AVERAGE holding method performs better under most traffic scenarios.
Machine Translation with Inferred Stochastic Finite-State Transducers (2004)

Finite-state transducers are models that are being used in different areas of pattern recognition and computational linguistics. One of these areas is machine translation, in which the approaches that are based on building models automatically from training examples are becoming more and more attractive. Finite-state transducers are very adequate for use in constrained tasks in which training samples of pairs of sentences are available. A technique for inferring finite-state transducers is proposed in this article. This technique is based on formal relations between finite-state transducers and rational grammars. Given a training corpus of source-target pairs of sentences, the proposed approach uses statistical alignment methods to produce a set of conventional strings from which a stochastic rational grammar (e.g., an n-gram) is inferred. This grammar is finally converted into a finite-state transducer. The proposed methods are assessed through a series of machine translation experiments within the framework of the E u Trans project.
Agrin as a Mechanotransduction Signal Regulating YAP through the Hippo Pathway (2017)

The Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ act as nuclear sensors of mechanical signals in response to extracellular matrix (ECM) cues. However, the identity and nature of regulators in the ECM and the precise pathways relaying mechanoresponsive signals into intracellular sensors remain unclear. Here, we uncover a functional link between the ECM proteoglycan Agrin and the transcriptional co-activator YAP. Importantly, Agrin transduces matrix and cellular rigidity signals that enhance stability and mechanoactivity of YAP through the integrin-focal adhesion- and Lrp4/MuSK receptor-mediated signaling pathways. Agrin antagonizes focal adhesion assembly of the core Hippo components by facilitating ILK-PAK1 signaling and negating the functions of Merlin and LATS1/2. We further show that Agrin promotes oncogenesis through YAP-dependent transcription and is clinically relevant in human liver cancer. We propose that Agrin acts as a mechanotransduction signal in the ECM.
Protection against Experimental Cholera in the Rat (1984)

The importance of antibodies to cholera toxin (CT) versus desensitization of intestinal adenylate cyclase for protection against experimental cholera in the rat was investigated. Animals were immunized five times with CT either perorally or intravenously; antitoxic antibodies were measured in both serum and bile, and intestinal anti-CT-containing plasma cells (ACC) as well as eosinophilic leucocytes were counted. Both peroral and intravenous immunizations induced high levels of serum antibodies, while antibodies in bile appeared only after peroral immunization. The number of eosinophilic leucocytes in the intestinal mucosa increased in response to peroral immunization. CT-induced stimulation of intestinal adenylate cyclase was significantly suppressed, i.e., desensitized, after peroral immunization, but was equally stimulated in intravenous immunized and in control animals. A constant and long-lasting protection against CT-induced secretion was obtained after peroral immunization. This protection correlated neither to the concentrations of antitoxic antibodies in serum, nor to those in bile, nor to the number of ACC, but did correlate to the desensitization of adenylate cyclase.
Initial studies in human-robot-human interaction: Fitts' law for two people (2004)

Often two people must work together physically on a common task, such as lifting and positioning; a long board, or, in our model experimental system, turning a two-handled crank. Such tasks involve communication between the people, mediated by the task kinematics and dynamics: each person feels forces and motions produced by the other and derive some meaning from them. Tasks may include a degree of competition: the two people may not have exactly the same goal in mind, and must negotiate a compromise. Understanding human-human communication is important in designing robots for interaction with humans, and for robots that provide powered assistance for human-human tasks (such as physical therapy). In this paper we describe early experiments in human-human physical interaction, with a 1 dof robot included in order to give experimental access to the exchange of forces and motions between the people. We report on Fitts' law-like tasks, in which the two people cooperate to move a cursor to a common target, or to targets that do not completely overlap. Our results suggest that human-human physical communication may be a rich area of study.
Image matting from a physical perspective (2009)

Image and video matting is used to extract objects from their original backgrounds in order to place them on a different background. The traditional matting model is a combination of foreground and background colors, i.e., I = ¿F + (1 - ¿)B. Even with good cameras, limited depth-of-focus means that often both the object and background are blurred at the boundaries. Does the matting model still apply? To understand this and other cases better, we investigate image matting from a physical perspective. We start with 3D objects and examine the mechanism of image matting due to geometrical defocus. We then derive a general matting model using radiometry and geometric optics. The model accounts for arbitrary surface shapes, defocus, transparency, and directional radiance. Under certain conditions, the physical framework subsumes the traditional matting equation. The new formulation reveals a fundamental link between parameter ¿ and object depth, and this establishes a framework for designing new matting algorithms.
Glomerular filtration rate measurements by dual-injection MR renography (2008)

In a Monte Carlo simulation, an overall dose (d0) of 12 ml Gd-DTPA (500 mM/L) was split for two injections, based on a preliminary study which showed that 6 ml is an optimal single-injection dose [3]. For an arbitrary dual injection experiment using doses d1 and d2 and separated by inter-injection time delay td, the arterial input is given by A(t) = (d1/d0)A0(t)+(d2/d0) A0(t-td) [4], where a noise-free input function A0(t), reflecting two injections, was obtained by averaging aortic input of our dual-injection subjects after aligning the time axes to match the time of arterial peaks. Tracer concentration vs. time curves for renal cortex and medulla were constructed by convolving A(t) with impulse retention functions (IRF) [1] based on a 3-compartment model (Fig. 1). After addition of random 5% noise, curves were separated into the first and the second data set and subjected to parameter-fitting. Compartmental residues at the beginning of the second study were computed by convolving the compartmental IRFs determined in the first fitting and extrapolation of the tail of the first aortic curve. In fitting the second data set, these compartmental residues were treated as the initial state. Each simulation scenario includes one functional status (GFR1=GRF2 = 60 ml/min and GFR1=GRF2 = 25 ml/min), and one of the five combinations of d1 and d2 (2+10, 4+8, 6+6, 8+4, 10+2 ml). Based on 1000 trials, the standard deviation (SD) for the difference GFR1 - GFR2 were computed as an indicator of precision. Twenty-three patients (40 kidneys without RAS) underwent dual-injection MRR. For every experiment, serial coronal 3D spoiled GRE images were acquired at 1.5 T (Avanto, Siemens): TR/TE/flip angle = 2.84 ms/1.05 ms/12°, field of view 400 × 400 × 100 mm, voxel size 1.6 × 1.6 × 2.5 mm, acquisition time 3 s. Doses of 4ml and 8ml were used for the first and the second study. Images were obtained over 10 min following each injection. During the interval (about 10 min) between the two studies, i.v. enalaprilat (ACE inhibitor 0.04 mg/kg, up to 2.5mg) was administered. GFR1 and GFR2 for a same kidney as estimated by the 3 compartment model were compared using correlation plot and linear regression, and their differences were evaluated by histogram.
Review of fexofenadine in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria (2002)

Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU), characterized by the appearance of itchy wheals of unknown etiology, can be extremely debilitating and can significantly reduce a patient's quality of life (QOL). Fexofenadine, a non-sedating, H1-receptor selective, long-acting antihistamine, is licensed worldwide for the treatment of CIU. A number of dose-ranging studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of fexofenadine for the the treatment of CIU. In two similar North American studies, patients received either fexofenadine HCI (20, 60, 120, or 240 mg bid) or placebo. All four doses of fexofendine were statistically superior to placebo at reducing pruritus and reducing the number of wheals (P < or = 0.0238). A dose-finding study undertaken in Japanese patients confirmed that fexofenadine HCI (60 mg and 120 mg bid) is an effective treatment for CIU. A similar dose response was shown in all three studies when the results were compared. Furthermore, health outcome analyses of the North American studies indicated that fexofenadine HCI 60 mg bid significantly improved patient's QOL. In these studies, fexofenadine had a consistently comparable safety profile to placebo, with no dose-related trends in the incidence of adverse events. In conclusion, fexofenadine is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for CIU, with a wide therapeutic window. Importantly, the lack of ethnic differences between the studies from North America and Asia indicate that the efficacy and safety of fexofenadine demonstrated in these studies are cross-culturally applicable.
Scanned 3-D Intracardiac ARFI and SWEI for Imaging Radio-Frequency Ablation Lesions (2017)

Radio-frequency ablation (RFA) is used to locally disrupt electrical propagation in myocardium and treat arrhythmias, and direct visualization of ablation lesions by acoustic radiation force methods may benefit RFA procedures. This paper compares four imaging modalities, B-mode, acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI), single-track-location shear wave elasticity imaging (STL-SWEI), and multiple-track-location shear wave elasticity imaging (MTL-SWEI), in their ability to resolve RFA lesions in four ex vivo experiments. Ablation lesions are shown to be marked by at least a local halving of ARFI displacements and doubling of shear wave speeds. In a controlled ablation of ex vivo porcine and canine cardiac tissue, STL-SWEI and ARFI are shown to have a similar CNR, better than MTL-SWEI and B-mode. The SWEI modalities are demonstrated to have improved imaging of distal lesion boundaries. Gaps smaller than 5 mm are visualized in ablation lines made of discretely spaced ablations, and complex structures are reconstructed through depth in an "x" ablation experiment. Scans of suspended atria show increased noise, but successfully visualize ablations in ARFI, MTL-SWEI, and STL-SWEI.
Automatic insertion of insulating mats on car assembly line (1988)

THE automatic handling of soft parts has so far been considered to be most problematic. Flexible automation is hampered by the essential characteristics of soft pieces, such as:
Geographical distribution of Scleroconidioma sphagnicola in coniferous forests in Europe and Canada. (2009)

The distribution of the dematiaceous microfungus Scleroconidioma sphagnicola in coniferous litter in Europe and Canada was assessed using a culture-dependent approach. Needles of various coniferous species were sampled between May and November of 2008. Twenty needles from each sample were cultivated on 2° malt agar after surface sterilisation with 30 % hydrogen peroxide. The formed mycelia were identified based on their morphology. The identifications were further confirmed by analyses of ITS rDNA. S. sphagnicola was recorded at 8 of the 53 sites. The highest abundance of S. sphagnicola was recorded in mountain areas of the Czech Republic. Further records of S. sphagnicola were acquired from the literature and the GenBank database. S. sphagnicola does not seem to be a ubiquitous coloniser of coniferous litter. However, this study showed that this fungus is found in various regions and the data obtained may serve to make an evaluation of the potential spread of S. sphagnicola .
Construction of new synthetic biology tools for the control of gene expression in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 (2015)

Predictive control of gene expression is an essential tool for developing synthetic biological systems. The current toolbox for controlling gene expression in cyanobacteria is a barrier to more in-depth genetic analysis and manipulation. Towards relieving this bottleneck, this work describes the use of synthetic biology to construct an anhydrotetracycline-based induction system and adapt a trans-acting small RNA (sRNA) system for use in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. An anhydrotetracycline-inducible promoter was developed to maximize intrinsic strength and dynamic range. The resulting construct, PEZtet , exhibited tight repression and a maximum 32-fold induction upon addition of anhydrotetracycline. Additionally, a sRNA system based on the Escherichia coli IS10 RNA-IN/OUT regulator was adapted for use in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. This system exhibited 70% attenuation of target gene expression, providing a demonstration of the use of sRNAs for differential gene expression in cyanobacteria. These systems were combined to produce an inducible sRNA system, which demonstrated 59% attenuation of target gene expression. Lastly, the role of Hfq, a critical component of sRNA systems in E. coli, was investigated. Genetic studies showed that the Hfq homolog in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 did not impact repression by the engineered sRNA system. In summary, this work describes new synthetic biology tools that can be applied to physiological studies, metabolic engineering, or sRNA platforms in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002.
pH mapping of brain tissue by a deep neural network trained on 9.4T CEST MRI data: pH-deepCEST (2020)

The pH value is of major importance for most physiological processes and may change due to altered metabolism in pathologies. In the present work, we exploit the inherent dependency of CEST MR data on pH with a new approach: train neural networks to map voxel-by-voxel from multi-B1+ CEST spectra to pH value. Measurements were performed in homogenate of pig brain tissue at 9.4T ultra high field. Prediction of absolute pH values was possible and predictions were stable against inhomogeneity in B1+. We hope this proof of concept might be a first small step towards high-resolution 3D pH maps in vivo.
Structure and Self-assembly of Negatively Supercharged Protein Cages (2019)

Proteins are excellent materials for constructing nano- to micro-meter sized compartments. For example, in nature, hollow spherical shells made of proteins, called protein cages, are widespread. Prominent examples include viruses, ferritins, carboxysomes, and others. Protein cages designed and engineered in the laboratory have also gained recent attention because of their potential use in synthetic biology, materials science, and medicine. Here, we show that engineered variants of lumazine synthase (LS) from Aquifex aeolicus self-assemble into porous shell-like structures, with striking size-expansion from the original dodecahedron composed of 12 pentamer subunits. Cryo-electron microscopy (EM) analysis has revealed that pentamers are the basic assembly units, although small conformational changes in each subunit lead to final expanded architectures composed of 36 and 72 pentamers. The underlying conformational changes likely arise from electrostatic repulsion between anionic residues originally introduced at the lumenal surface of the LS cage to encapsulate positively charged guest molecules. The plastic nature of the LS cage structure was also explored using a positively supercharged variant of the green fluorescent protein GFP(+36) as an assembly mediator. By controlling the favorable electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged LS cage and the positively charged mediator, multishell structures were created, as previously observed in some virus-like particles. These results highlight the potential of engineered LS cages for various future applications, including drug delivery and bioimaging.
The inhibitory effect of natural bioactives on the growth of pathogenic bacteria (2007)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of natural products, against growth of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Salmonella typhimurium (KCCM 11862). Chitosan, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and garlic were used as natural bioactives for antibacterial activity. The testing method was carried out according to the disk diffusion method. All of chitosan, EGCG, and garlic showed inhibitory effect against the growth of E. coli and Salmonella typhi. To evaluate the antibacterial activity of natural products during storage, chicken skins were inoculated with 10(6) of E. coli or Salmonella typhi. The inoculated chicken skins, treated with 0.5, 1, or 2% natural bioactives, were stored during 8 day at 4. The numbers of microorganisms were measured at 8 day. Both chitosan and EGCG showed significant decrease in the number of E. coli and Salmonella typhi in dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). These results suggest that natural bioactives such as chitosan, EGCG may be possible to be used as antimicrobial agents for the improvement of food safety.
Reconstruction of Human Skill by Using PCA and Transferring It to the Robot (2010)

This paper discusses human skills enabling rapid adaptations to a changing environment as seen when a table tennis player hits an incoming ball and presents how to transfer them to a robot. We consider that human skills can be classified into motor skills and cognitive skills. As for motor skills, a function involving precise movement of limbs with the intent to perform a specific act (hitting a ball), we extract motor primitives from human performance data. As for cognitive skills, a function involving a meaningful response to external stimuli, we find correlation of the stimulus (the ball's state) with the timing of response (starting to swing a racket). We also present table tennis rallies with a human opponent performed by a robot to which these skills are transferred.
Isolation and characterization of psychrophiles producing cold-active -galactosidase (2003)

It may be possible that the cold active beta-galactosidases from the isolated strains can be applied to the food industry, e.g. processing of milk and whey below 5 degrees C.
GHz low-loss filters on LiTaO/sub 3/ operating at higher harmonics (2003)

The authors developed a miniature low-loss SAW (surface acoustic wave) filter for gigahertz frequencies using the leaky surface wave on 36 degrees rotated YX-LiTaO/sub 3/. The filter operates at spatial harmonics, and therefore is suited for mass production using a standard single-layer lift-off process with 0.8- mu m photolithography and the authors, standard photoresist technique. To achieve low insertion loss the authors used a three-transducer configuration with group-type unidirectional transducers that are electrically matched by a new, simplified phasing and matching network requiring only one circuit element, which is integrated into the package. The filter operates at 1.85 GHz and has an insertion loss of 9.4 dB, a 3-dB-bandwidth of 16 MHz, and 35-dB sidelobe suppression.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cosmology with Void-Galaxy Correlations (2014)

Galaxy bias, the unknown relationship between the clustering of galaxies and the underlying dark matter density field is a major hurdle for cosmological inference from large-scale structure. While traditional analyses focus on the absolute clustering amplitude of high-density regions mapped out by galaxy surveys, we propose a relative measurement that compares those to the underdense regions, cosmic voids. On the basis of realistic mock catalogs we demonstrate that cross correlating galaxies and voids opens up the possibility to calibrate galaxy bias and to define a static ruler thanks to the observable geometric nature of voids. We illustrate how the clustering of voids is related to mass compensation and show that volume-exclusion significantly reduces the degree of stochasticity in their spatial distribution. Extracting the spherically averaged distribution of galaxies inside voids from their cross correlations reveals a remarkable concordance with the mass-density profile of voids.
High-resolution multidimensional space charge measurement using elastic wave methods (2001)

In various fields of physics, materials can develop or exhibit a nonuniform space-charge distribution. During the last 20 years various approaches have been proposed for the direct measurement of these distributions involving optical, acoustical, or thermal processes. Most of them, however, lead only to one-dimensional distributions. In this paper we describe two approaches to obtain, in isotropic condensed matter, multidimensional space-charge distributions. They are based on the pressure-wave-propagation method and the electroacoustic method. In the case of the pressure-wave-propagation method, various independent measurements are performed with plane waves at different angles of incidence. A tomographiclike algorithm is then applied to retrieve the multidimensional space-charge distribution. In the case of the electroacoustic method, independent measurements are provided from a set of piezoelectric transducers at various positions. An echographiclike algorithm is then applied to retrieve the multidimensional space-charge distribution. A theoretical model is proposed, and preliminary experimental and simulated results showing the validity of these techniques are presented.