gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective labeling of serotonin receptors by d-[3H]lysergic acid diethylamide in calf caudate. (1978)

Since it was known that d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) affected catecholaminergic as well as serotoninergic neurons, the objective in this study was to enhance the selectivity of [3H]LSD binding to serotonin receptors in vitro by using crude homogenates of calf caudate. In the presence of a combination of 50 nM each of phentolamine (added to preclude the binding of [3H]LSD to alpha-adrenoceptors), apomorphine, and spiperone (added to preclude the binding of [3H]LSD to dopamine receptors), it was found by Scatchard analysis that the total number of [3H]LSD sites went down to 300 fmol/mg, compared to 1100 fmol/mg in the absence of the catecholamine-blocking drugs. The IC50 values (concentrations to inhibit binding by 50%) for various drugs were tested on the binding of [3H]LSD in the presence of 50 nM each of apomorphine (A), phentolamine (P) and spiperone (S). With this combination, the IC50 for serotonin was 35 nM (compared to 1000 nM without it), indicating that [3H]LSD had become considerably more selectively displaceable by serotonin under these conditions whereas the effects of norepinephrine and dopamine on [3H]LSD binding were eliminated. Various ergots had approximately equal IC50 values against [3H]serotonin and [3H]LSD but tryptamines were much more selective against [3H]serotonin; the data may indicate the existence of the two types of serotonin receptors.
Simultaneous and accurate determination of water- and fat-soluble vitamins in multivitamin tablets by using an RP-HPLC method (2013)

In the present study, a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) procedure was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of seven water-soluble vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, folic acid, and p-aminobenzoic acid) and four fat-soluble vitamins (retinol acetate, cholecalciferol, α-tocopherol, and phytonadione) in multivitamin tablets. The linearity of the method was excellent (R² > 0.999) over the concentration range of 10 - 500 ng mL-1. The statistical evaluation of the method was carried out by performing the intra- and inter-day precision. The accuracy of the method was tested by measuring the average recovery; values ranged between 87.4% and 98.5% and were acceptable quantitative results that corresponded with the label claims.
Pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis: Associations with genetic, serologic, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors (2007)

Early pulmonary involvement in SSc appears to be influenced by several factors delineated by ethnicity, including racial, socioeconomic, behavioral, and serologic determinants.
Failure analysis and virtual qualification of PBGA under multiple environmental loadings (2004)

To investigate the long term reliability of plastic ball grid array packages in aerospace applications, a design of experiments was conducted to address the assembly process, printed circuit board pad type, underfill, and multiple environmental loadings. This paper discusses the design of experiments and the test results, including the failure analysis. Virtual qualification was also performed to simulate the solder joint reliability under thermal cycling and vibration loadings.
Optofluidic Microengine in A Dynamic Flow Environment via Self-Induced Back-Action (2020)

Most existing optofluidic particle engines only operate in a static environment. Here, we present a four-energy-state optofluidic microengine that operates stably in a dynamic flow environment, a function unattainable by existing systems due to the disturbance of the fluidic drag force. This microengine is powered synergistically by both the optical force and fluidic drag force, and it exploits the intriguing behavior of the particle in an asymmetric two-dimensional light interference pattern under the self-induced back-action (SIBA) effect. The mechanism of the microengine is studied in detail, and a microengine comprising a single cell and a cell–particle complex has been demonstrated. Our optofluidic microengine is the first of its kind to operate in the dynamic flow environment, and it provides a new platform to study single cell dynamics and cell–particle or cell–cell interactions in the dynamic fluidic environment.
Multiple cross‐reactivities amongst antigens of Plasmodium falciparum impair the development of protective immunity against malaria (1986)

The majority of protein antigens of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum contain short sequences that are extensively repeated in tandem arrays. Some antigens contain a single block of repeats whereas in other antigens there may be two or more blocks of related repeats. The repetitive sequences in an individual antigen may be highly conserved but more usually there is some degeneracy which occasionally is extensive. The repetitive sequences encode immunodominant epitopes to which much of the antibody response in malaria is directed. Recently, we have found that there are extensive cross-reactions amongst the epitopes encoded by related repetitive sequences. These cross-reactions may involve different blocks of repeats in the one antigen or repetitive sequences in different antigens. It is proposed that these cross-reactions interfere with the normal maturation of a high affinity antibody response in malaria by causing an abnormally high proportion of somatically-mutated B cells to be preserved during clonal expansion.
Levobupivacaine versus ropivacaine for sciatic nerve block in the rat (2003)

At the lowest concentration (0.0625%), levobupivacaine produces a greater degree of motor impairment and a longer duration of proprioceptive impairment relative to ropivacaine. At the middle concentration (0.125%), there no differences between the 2 drugs. At the higher concentration (0.25%), which is within the range used clinically for peripheral nerve block (0.25%-0.5%), levobupivacaine produces approximately a 30% longer duration of complete block in each modality compared with that by ropivacaine.
5 Blutkreislauf (I) (2016)

Jan Behrends, Josef Bischofberger, Rainer Deutzmann, Heimo Ehmke, Stephan Frings, Stephan Grissmer, Markus Hoth, Armin Kurtz, Jens Leipziger, Frank Müller, Claudia Pedain, Jens Rettig, Charlotte Wagner, Erhard Wischmeyer
Light transmission measurements and phototherapy eyepatches. (1991)

The transmission characteristics of phototherapy eyeshields have been measured under conditions that mimic the clinical situation. Peak transmission (less than 10%) was detected at 700 nm for the poorest patch tested and less than 2% for either of the other patches examined. The optics of measurement systems are considered with reference both to this and previous studies of light transmission through eyepatches. The simplicity and effectiveness with which eyepatches can be secured may be as important as their transmission characteristics.
Hyperthyroidism is associated with lengthening of ventricular repolarization (2001)

Hyperthyroidism is associated with prolonged QTc that normalizes once the patient becomes euthyroid. The strong positive correlation between FT3 and QTc supports the hypothesis of an important role of thyroid hormone on modulation of QTc lengthening.
Elite: A Digital Dedicated Hardware System for Movement Analysis Via Real-Time TV Signal Processing (1985)

The system illustrated in this paper has been designed and developed particularly for automatic and reliable analysis of body movement in various conditions and environments. It is based on real-time processing of the TV images to recognize multiple passive markers and compute their coordinates. This performance is achieved by using a special algorithm allowing the recognition of markers only if their shape matches a predetermined "mask." The main feature of the system is a two-level processing architecture, the first of which includes a dedicated peripheral fast processor for shape recognition (FPSR), designed and implemented by using fast VLSI chips. The second level consists of a general purpose computer and provides the overall system with high flexibility. The main characteristics are: no restriction on the number of markers, resolution of one part in 2500, and a 50 Hz sampling rate independent of the number of markers detected. The prototype has been fully developed, and preliminary results obtained from the analysis of several movements are illustrated.
Neural tube closure requires Dishevelled-dependent convergent extension of the midline (2002)

In Xenopus, Dishevelled (Xdsh) signaling is required for both neural tube closure and neural convergent extension, but the connection between these two morphogenetic processes remains unclear. Indeed normal neurulation requires several different cell polarity decisions, any of which may require Xdsh signaling. In this paper we address two issues: (1) which aspects of normal neurulation require Xdsh function; and (2) what role convergent extension plays in the closure of the neural tube. We show that Xdsh signaling is not required for neural fold elevation, medial movement or fusion. Disruption of Xdsh signaling therefore provides a specific tool for uncoupling convergent extension from other processes of neurulation. Using disruption of Xdsh signaling, we demonstrate that convergent extension is crucial to tube closure. Targeted injection revealed that Xdsh function was required specifically in the midline for normal neural tube closure. We suggest that the inherent movement of the neural folds can accomplish only a finite amount of medial progress and that convergent extension of the midline is necessary to reduce the distance between the nascent neural folds, allowing them to meet and fuse. Similar results with Xenopus strabismus implicate the planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling cascade in neural convergent extension and tube closure. Together, these data demonstrate that PCP-mediated convergent extension movements are crucial to proper vertebrate neurulation.
Regulation of activity in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis is integral to a larger hypothalamic system that determines caloric flow (1994)

We have previously reported that there are diurnal rhythms in the magnitude of ACTH responses to stressors and in the sensitivity of stress-induced ACTH responses to facilitation induced by prior stress and to corticosterone (B) feedback induced by exogenous B. In all cases ACTH was more responsive in the morning than in the evening in nocturnally feeding rats. We have also shown in adrenalectomized rats that an overnight fast reduces ACTH responses to restraint in the morning compared with rats fed ad libitum, and we have shown that calorie-containing gavage during the fast increases the amplitude of ACTH responses to restraint in fasted rats. Therefore, this diurnal rhythm is not associated with B feedback and is associated with calories. In these studies we asked whether young, male intact rats that were deprived of food overnight had: 1) hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses during the fasting period; 2) altered basal activity in the HPA axis; 3) altered responsivity of ACTH to restraint; and 4) altered sensitivity of restraint-induced ACTH responses to facilitation or B feedback. Our results show that food deprivation: 1) induces marked ACTH and B responses during the fast that mirrors the pattern of food intake in fed rats, with an approximately 3-h lag; 2) results in essentially no change in basal ACTH in the morning; 3) reduces ACTH responsivity to stress in the morning; and 4) reduces ACTH responsivity to prior stress-induced facilitation and exogenous B-induced feedback. We conclude that: 1) the HPA axis serves as a default pathway to feeding when food is not available; 2) the diurnal rhythms in restraint-induced ACTH secretion are determined by food intake; and 3) the HPA axis is integral to a larger hypothalamic system that mediates energy flow.
Structure reveals the activation mechanism of the MC4 receptor to initiate satiation signaling (2021)

Obesity is a global epidemic that causes morbidity and impaired quality of life. The melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) is at the crux of appetite, energy homeostasis, and body-weight control in the central nervous system and is a prime target for anti-obesity drugs. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the human MC4R-G<sub>s</sub> signaling complex bound to the agonist setmelanotide, a cyclic peptide recently approved for the treatment of obesity. The work reveals the mechanism of MC4R activation, highlighting a molecular switch that initiates satiation signaling. In addition, our findings indicate that calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) is required for agonist, but not antagonist, efficacy. These results fill a gap in the understanding of MC4R activation and could guide the design of future weight-management drugs.
Aquacolor® Underwater Cinematography: Breaking the Available Light and Color Barriers Underwater (1985)

This article describes a new system for filming underwater. The Aquacolor® system consists of underwater cameras with patented, state-of-the-art automatic exposure controls, unique metering, and new multiple filter systems that enable underwater cinematographers to capture, as never before, the rich and beautiful colors beneath the sea. Color charts, gray scales, and skin tones are reproduced without artificial lights through at least 40 ft of sea water almost as naturally as through air.
Adaptive techniques for radar detection and identification of objects in an ocean environment (1981)

New technology opens very interesting possibilities in regard to target adaptive radar systems. The paper illustrates this by considering a multifrequency radar concept applied to the detection and identification of ships against a sea clutter background.
Tecnología de inyección de gas: el futuro de los sistemas de propulsión naval (2009)

Even though the benefits of regular exercise are well known, many of us don't do it. One reason may be that pain or discomfort sometimes goes along with fitness activities. But starting or continuing an exercise program may be easier if you understand what muscle soreness is and what to do about it.
SunCET: The Sun Coronal Ejection Tracker Concept (2021)

The Sun Coronal Ejection Tracker (SunCET) is an extreme ultraviolet imager and spectrograph instrument concept for tracking coronal mass ejections through the region where they experience the majority of their acceleration: the difficult-to-observe middle corona. It contains a wide field of view (0–4 R ⊙ ) imager and a 1 Å spectral-resolution-irradiance spectrograph spanning 170–340 Å. It leverages new detector technology to read out different areas of the detector with different integration times, resulting in what we call “simultaneous high dynamic range”, as opposed to the traditional high dynamic range camera technique of subsequent full-frame images that are then combined in post-processing. This allows us to image the bright solar disk with short integration time, the middle corona with a long integration time, and the spectra with their own, independent integration time. Thus, SunCET does not require the use of an opaque or filtered occulter. SunCET is also compact – ~15 × 15 × 10 cm in volume – making it an ideal instrument for a CubeSat or a small, complementary addition to a larger mission. Indeed, SunCET is presently in a NASA-funded, competitive Phase A as a CubeSat and has also been proposed to NASA as an instrument onboard a 184 kg Mission of Opportunity.
Endocytosis Mechanism of Nano Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Drug Delivery (2016)

The pathway of internalization and final fate of a specific metal-organic framework (MOF) in cells has been investigated for the first time. This study is based on two calcein-loaded UiO-66 samples with particle sizes of 150 and 260 nm (i.e., cal@150 UiO-66 and cal@260 UiO-66, respectively), and shows that the active trafficking of cal@150 UiO-66 is done almost exclusively through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, whereas the uptake of cal@260 UiO-66 is a combination of both clathrin and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Colocalization studies with a lysosomal marker showed that cal@150 UiO-66 is located mostly in lysosomes for further degradation, whereas cal@260 UiO-66 seems to avoid the lysosomal degradation and potentially deliver the cargo molecules in the cytosol, allowing their distribution to different cellular organelles. This study reveals the importance of the internalization processes of MOFs, particularly the relevance of their particle size, and also the critical significance of their final fate to become an efficient drug delivery system. Based on these results, it is possible that extremely small particle-sized MOFs are not the most efficient carriers and instead relatively medium-sized particles are required.
Cohort-Type Demographic and Labor Force Block (2019)

From the beginning of this project, the KLM project, we have two versions of demographic model, which are: (1) a simplified demographic model and (2) a cohort-type demographic and labor supply model. In particular, the latter one is employed for the long-term scenario simulation, in which the cohort-type demographic variables and labor supply variables by age group and gender have interactive relations with not only macroeconomic variables and sectoral variables in DEMIOS…
poolHiTS: A Shifted Transversal Design based pooling strategy for high-throughput drug screening (2008)

We have produced a practical version of STD algorithm for pooled drug screens. This pooling strategy provides both assay compression and error-correction capabilities that can both accelerate and reduce the overall cost of HTS in drug discovery.
Transparent polymer Schottky contact for a high performance visible-blind ultraviolet photodiode based on ZnO (2008)

We report on a high performance visible-blind Schottky ultraviolet photodiode composed of a ZnO (0001) bulk single crystal and a transparent conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate), fabricated with a simple spin-coating process at room temperature in air. The quantum efficiency as high as unity in ultraviolet region and a visible rejection ratio of about 103 were achieved in the spectral response of the photodiode under zero-bias condition. The normalized detectivity of the photodiode was evaluated to be 3.6×1014 cm Hz1/2/W at 370 nm.
The distribution of malaria parasites in the mosquito vector: consequences for assessing infection intensity in the field (1996)

The most common measures of mosquito infection with Plasmodium estimated in the field are the prevalence and intensity of malarial parasites. Of these quantities, the prevalence is the simplest to measure. We are interested in the effect of sample size (numbers of mosquitoes examined) on the accuracy of estimation of these quantities, and the relationship between the distribution of infectious stages within the mosquitoes and the population dynamics and genetics of malaria.
Laboratory assessment of advanced oxidation processes for treatment of explosives and chlorinated solvents in groundwater from the former Nebraska Ordnance Plant (1997)

The study herein was performed through a partnering effort between the U.S. Army Engineer District, Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, and the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES), Vicksburg, MS. The Kansas City District funded portions of this effort as a means of evaluating various treatment options for the contaminated groundwaters at the Nebraska Army Ammunition Plant, Mead, NE. Some of the WES activities were performed under funding from the U.S. Department of Defense's (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). WES has been tasked by SERDP to develop peroxone oxidation as an economical means of decontaminating groundwaters contaminated with explosives at DoD sites. This report was prepared by Ms. Elizabeth C. Fleming, Dr. Mark E. Zappi, Ms. Evelyn Toro, and Mr. Rafael Hernandez, all of the Environmental Restoration Branch (ERB), Environmental Engineering Division (EED), Environmental Laboratory (EL), WES; Ms. Karen Myers, Environmental Chemistry Branch (ECB), EED; Dr. Prasad Kodukula, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Inc., Overland Park, KS; and Ms. Rosemary Gilbertson, Kansas City District This study was performed at WES under the direct supervision of Mr. Daniel E. Averett, Chief, ERB, and under the general supervision of Mr. Norman R. Francingues, Jr., Chief, EED. Drs. John W. Keeley and John Harrison were the Assistant Director and Director of EL, respectively, during this study. Dr. Harrison was also the Director of SERDP, Washington, DC, and Dr. M. John Cullinane was the WES Program Manager of SERDP during this study. At the time of publication of this report, Dr. Robert W. Whalin was the Director of WES. COL Bruce K. Howard, EN, was Commander.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIMIDINES AND CONDENSED DERIVATIVES PART 3, THE SYNTHESIS OF SOME ISOCYTOSINES AND RELATED IMIDAZO(1,2‐A)‐ AND ‐(1,2‐C)PYRIMIDINONES (1974)

Abstract Aminosäureester (I) mit den Isothiocyanaten (II) oder den n die 2‐Thiouracile (IV) gebildet, die in alkalische Medium mit den Alkylhalogeniden (V) zu (VI) alkyliert werden.
Contextual Explainable Video Representation: Human Perception-based Understanding (2022)

Video understanding is a growing field and a subject of intense research, which includes many interesting tasks to understanding both spatial and temporal information, e.g., action detection, action recognition, video captioning, video retrieval. One of the most challenging problems in video understanding is dealing with feature extraction, i.e. extract contextual visual representation from given untrimmed video due to the long and complicated temporal structure of unconstrained videos. Different from existing approaches, which apply a pre-trained backbone network as a black-box to extract visual representation, our approach aims to extract the most contextual information with an explainable mechanism. As we observed, humans typically perceive a video through the interactions between three main factors, i.e., the actors, the relevant objects, and the surrounding environment. Therefore, it is very crucial to design a contextual explainable video representation extraction that can capture each of such factors and model the relationships between them. In this paper, we discuss approaches, that incorporate the human perception process into modeling actors, objects, and the environment. We choose video paragraph captioning and temporal action detection to illustrate the effectiveness of human perception based-contextual representation in video understanding. Source code is publicly available at https://github.com/UARK-AICV/Video_Representation.