gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Politiques (criminelles) en matière de drogues: évolutions et tendances en Belgique (1999)

Seit Anfang der 90er Jahre ist die Dropenpolitik in Belgien untrennbar mit Sicherheits- und Kriminalpolitik verbunden. Der Artikel beschreibt die Kraftlinien neuer Instrumente, die vom Innen- bzw. Justizministerium entwickelt wurden und dessen Wirkungen auf Dro- genkonsumenten explizit formuliert und implizit sichergestellt werden. Man erkennt hierin die Symptôme und Effekte einer Auflosung psychomedizinisch-sozialer Praktiken, dessen Besonderheiten und professionellen Konzeptionen seit Anfang der siebziger Jahre organi- siert sind. Daneben wird auch die Reorganisation der Politik unter dem Dach von Sicherheit und Strafe unter bestimmten Aspekten ihrer Entstehung und lokalen Umsetzung behandelt.
Hydrogen Bond Energetics:  A Simulation and Statistical Analysis of N-Methyl Acetamide (NMA), Water, and Human Lysozyme (2001)

Energy minimization and molecular dynamics simulations have been used to study hydrogen bond interactions in dimers of N-methylacetamide (NMA), in NMA−water complexes, and in human lysozyme. The potential energy surface is found to be determined by the interactions of entire peptide groups (OCi-1−Ni−H) or water molecules rather than by single donor and acceptor groups. The contact distance between the donor hydrogen and the acceptor as well as the angle of the bond at the donor hydrogen are the principal geometric parameters that describe the hydrogen bond. Potential energy surfaces were also examined in the presence and absence of explicit solvent molecules. The results suggest that both competing hydrogen bond interactions and the thermal motion of atoms broaden the distribution of low energy donor−acceptor contacts. Comparisons are made with a statistical analysis of mainchain hydrogen bond donor and acceptor contacts in high-resolution crystal structures of nonhomologous proteins. Interaction energies and geometries of the NMA model system mimic those found in folded polypeptide chains. All systems are characterized by a minimum in the population of donor−acceptor contacts at interaction distances of 2.4−2.6 Å. This minimum originates from spatial constraints that are enhanced by electrostatic interactions in environments that are characterized by competition for hydrogen bonding interactions. The presence of such a minimum in the distribution of donor−acceptor contacts supports the definition of hydrogen bonds by geometrical cutoff criteria with a donor−hydrogen acceptor distance of less than 2.5 Å and an angle of deviation not more than 90° from linearity of the donor, donor−hydrogen and acceptor atoms.
Development of Fabrication Technology of Metallic Fuel by Injection Casting (2002)

(2002). Development of Fabrication Technology of Metallic Fuel by Injection Casting. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology: Vol. 39, No. sup3, pp. 910-912.
Hypomorphic Rag mutations can cause destructive midline granulomatous disease (2010)

Destructive midline granulomatous disease characterized by necrotizing granulomas of the head and neck is most commonly caused by Wegener granulomatosis, natural killer/T-cell lymphomas, cocaine abuse, or infections. An adolescent patient with myasthenia gravis treated with thymectomy subsequently developed extensive granulomatous destruction of midface structures, palate, nasal septum, airways, and epiglottis. His lymphocyte numbers, total immunoglobulin G level, and T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire appeared normal. Sequencing of Recombination activating gene-1 (Rag1) showed compound heterozygous Rag1 mutations; a novel deletion with no recombinase activity and a missense mutation resulting in 50% Rag activity. His thymus was dysplastic and, although not depleted of T cells, showed a notable absence of autoimmune regulator (AIRE) and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. This distinct Rag-deficient phenotype characterized by immune dysregulation with granulomatous hyperinflammation and autoimmunity, with relatively normal T and B lymphocyte numbers and a diverse TCR repertoire expands the spectrum of presentation in Rag deficiency. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00128973.
Time-aware point-of-interest recommendation (2013)

The availability of user check-in data in large volume from the rapid growing location based social networks (LBSNs) enables many important location-aware services to users. Point-of-interest (POI) recommendation is one of such services, which is to recommend places where users have not visited before. Several techniques have been recently proposed for the recommendation service. However, no existing work has considered the temporal information for POI recommendations in LBSNs. We believe that time plays an important role in POI recommendations because most users tend to visit different places at different time in a day, \eg visiting a restaurant at noon and visiting a bar at night. In this paper, we define a new problem, namely, the time-aware POI recommendation, to recommend POIs for a given user at a specified time in a day. To solve the problem, we develop a collaborative recommendation model that is able to incorporate temporal information. Moreover, based on the observation that users tend to visit nearby POIs, we further enhance the recommendation model by considering geographical information. Our experimental results on two real-world datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art POI recommendation methods substantially.
Nonexistence of a uniformly packed [70,58,5] code (Corresp.) (1986)

The nonexistence of a uniformly-packed <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[70, 58, 5]</tex> code <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C^{\perp}</tex> is proved by examining geometries associated with the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</tex> -weight code <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</tex> .
Social Cognitive Impairments and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Are There Subtypes With Distinct Functional Correlates? (2011)

Social cognitive impairments and negative symptoms are core features of schizophrenia closely associated with impaired community functioning. However, little is known about whether these are independent dimensions of illness and if so, whether individuals with schizophrenia can be meaningfully classified based on these dimensions (SANS) and potentially differentially treated. Five social cognitive measures plus Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores in a sample of 77 outpatients produced 2 distinct factors--a social cognitive factor and a negative symptom factor. Factor scores were used in a cluster analysis, which yielded 3 well-defined groupings--a high negative symptom group (HN) and 2 low negative symptom groups, 1 with higher social cognition (HSC) and 1 with low social cognition (LSC). To make these findings more practicable for research and clinical settings, a rule of thumb for categorizing using only the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test and PANSS negative component was created and produced 84.4% agreement with the original cluster groups. An additional 63 subjects were added to cross validate the rule of thumb. When samples were combined (N = 140), the HSC group had significantly better quality of life and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores, higher rates of marriage and more hospitalizations. The LSC group had worse criminal and substance abuse histories. With 2 common assessment instruments, people with schizophrenia can be classified into 3 subgroups that have different barriers to community integration and could potentially benefit from different treatments.
Suppression of the sweetness of 2',3-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone by .alpha.-hydroxylation (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSuppression of the sweetness of 2',3-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone by .alpha.-hydroxylationJames G. Sweeny and Guillermo A. IacobucciCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1979, 27, 3, 467–469Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60223a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (358 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The Nonreceptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PTP1B Binds to the Cytoplasmic Domain of N-Cadherin and Regulates the Cadherin–Actin Linkage (1998)

Cadherin-mediated adhesion depends on the association of its cytoplasmic domain with the actin-containing cytoskeleton. This interaction is mediated by a group of cytoplasmic proteins: alpha-and beta- or gamma- catenin. Phosphorylation of beta-catenin on tyrosine residues plays a role in controlling this association and, therefore, cadherin function. Previous work from our laboratory suggested that a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, bound to the cytoplasmic domain of N-cadherin, is responsible for removing tyrosine-bound phosphate residues from beta-catenin, thus maintaining the cadherin-actin connection (). Here we report the molecular cloning of the cadherin-associated tyrosine phosphatase and identify it as PTP1B. To definitively establish a causal relationship between the function of cadherin-bound PTP1B and cadherin-mediated adhesion, we tested the effect of expressing a catalytically inactive form of PTP1B in L cells constitutively expressing N-cadherin. We find that expression of the catalytically inactive PTP1B results in reduced cadherin-mediated adhesion. Furthermore, cadherin is uncoupled from its association with actin, and beta-catenin shows increased phosphorylation on tyrosine residues when compared with parental cells or cells transfected with the wild-type PTP1B. Both the transfected wild-type and the mutant PTP1B are found associated with N-cadherin, and recombinant mutant PTP1B binds to N-cadherin in vitro, indicating that the catalytically inactive form acts as a dominant negative, displacing endogenous PTP1B, and rendering cadherin nonfunctional. Our results demonstrate a role for PTP1B in regulating cadherin-mediated cell adhesion.
Purification of a soluble cytochrome P450 fromTrichosporon montevideense (2000)

The yeast Trichosporon montevideense CBS 6721 expressed large amounts of cytochrome P450 after cultivation in a glucose-peptone medium. The P450, which could be detected in the cytosolic fraction after cell breakage and ultracentrifugation, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and migrated in SDS-PAGE with a M(r) of 43,000. As indicated by IEF, the preparation consisted of two different P450 isoforms with pI-values of 5.9 and 6.2, which were named P450MS1 and P450MS2 respectively. Both isoforms had a characteristic maximum at 446 nm in the reduced carbon monoxide difference spectra. Partial N-terminal sequencing of P450MS1 and P450MS2 demonstrated a high degree of sequence homology between the soluble P450 enzymes of T. montevideense CBS 6721 and their close relationship to the soluble P450 forms of Trichosporon spec. SBUG 752, T. cutaneum ATCC 58094 and to the P450s of the CYP55 family of Fusarium oxysporum and Cylindrocarpon tonkinense.
Rare schizophrenia risk variant burden is conserved in diverse human populations (2022)

Abstract Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness that is amongst the most debilitating conditions encountered in medical practice. A recent landmark schizophrenia study of the protein-coding regions of the genome identified a causal role for ten genes and a concentration of rare variant signals in evolutionarily constrained genes 1 . This study -- and most other large-scale human genetic studies -- was mainly composed of individuals of European ancestry, and the generalizability of the findings in non-European populations is unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, we designed a custom sequencing panel based on current knowledge of the genetic architecture of schizophrenia and applied it to a new cohort of 22,135 individuals of diverse ancestries. Replicating earlier work, cases carried a significantly higher burden of rare protein-truncating variants among constrained genes (OR=1.48, p-value = 5.4 × 10 −6 ). In meta-analyses with existing schizophrenia datasets totaling up to 35,828 cases and 107,877 controls, this excess burden was largely consistent across five continental populations. Two genes ( SRRM2 and AKAP11 ) were newly implicated as schizophrenia risk genes, and one gene ( PCLO ) was identified as a shared risk gene for schizophrenia and autism. Overall, our results lend robust support to the rare allelic spectrum of the genetic architecture of schizophrenia being conserved across diverse human populations.
Understanding the Reaction Mechanism of Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with H2O on TiO2-Based Photocatalysts: A Review (2014)

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the research of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O, an innovative way to simultaneously reduce the level of CO2 emissions and produce renewable and sustainable fuels. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and modified TiO2 composites are the most widely used photocatalysts in this application; however, the reaction mechanism of CO2 photoreduction on TiO2 photocatalysts is still not very clear, and the reaction intermediates and product selectivity are not well understood. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in the exploration of reaction mechanism of CO2 photoreduction with H2O in correlation with the TiO2 photocatalyst characteristics. Discussions are provided in the following sections: (1) CO2 adsorption, activation and dissociation on TiO2 photocatalyst; (2) mechanism and approaches to enhance charge transfer from photocatalyst to reactants (i.e., CO2 and H2O); and (3) surface intermediates, reaction pathways, and product selectivity. In each section, the effects of material properties are discussed, including TiO2 crystal phases (e.g., anatase, rutile, brookite, or their mixtures), surface defects (e.g., oxygen vacancy and Ti3+) and material modifications (e.g., incorporation of noble metal, metal oxide, and/or nonmetal species to TiO2). Finally, perspectives on future research directions and open issues to be addressed in CO2 photoreduction are outlined in this review paper.
New Transition Metal Substituted Oligosilanes (2005)

The transition metal substituted disilanes (η5 -C5Me4Et)Fe(CO)2SiMe2SiMe2Cl and (η5-C5Me4Et)Mo(CO)3SiMe2SiMe2Br were prepared by means of salt elimination. Both compounds are well crystallized and their structures determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Surprisingly, the reaction of Na[(η5-C5Me4Et)Fe(CO)2] with Br(SiMe2)6Br gave exclusively the diiron hexasilane complex (η5-C5Me4Et)(CO)2Fe(SiMe2)6Fe(CO)2(η5-C5Me4Et).
Antiproliferative Activity, Cell Cycle, and Apoptosis Studies of a Series of 6‐Substituted 9H‐Purin‐9‐yl‐pyridinium Derivatives on a Human Cervical Carcinoma Cell Line (2013)

Better by benzylthio: A series of 6-substituted 9H-purin-9-yl-pyridinium derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their antitumor activity. Compounds included in this study elicit variations in cell-cycle progression and an increase of apoptotic cells in a caspase-3-dependent process. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Amplification of integrated viral DNA sequences in polyoma virus-transformed cells. (1980)

Polyoma virus (Py) transformation of rat cells requires integration of viral genomes into the host DNA, which generally occurs in a partial or full head-to-tail tandem arrangement. The instability of this structure was previously demonstrated by the high rate of loss of integrated Py genomes in the presence of viral large tumor (T) antigen. We now show that integrated Py DNA sequences can also undergo amplification. We studied two rat cell lines transformed by the ts-a Py mutant, which codes for a thermolabile large T antigen. In a derivative of the ts-a H6A cell line, we have observed loss of full-length Py DNA molecules from the integrated tandem ("curing"), accompanied by the creation of new tandem repeats of two segments of viral DNA corresponding to 38% and 10% of the viral genome, each containing the origin of DNA replication. In the ts-a H3A cell line, which contains an integrated partial tandem of about 1.3 viral genomes with three distinct deletions, propagation at 33 degrees C resulted in the generation of full tandem repeats of a 94% Py DNA "unit" (including two 3% deletions), an 85% "unit" (including a 3% and the 12% deletion), or both. Amplification of integrated viral DNA was not observed in cells propagated at 39.5 degrees C, the nonpermissive temperature for large T antigen function. Amplification of integrated Py DNA sequences thus requires an active large T antigen and can generate a full tandem of integrated viral DNA molecules long after the initial integration event.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, calprotectin and YKL-40 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlations and 5-year mortality – a cohort study (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00132860.
Quenching of Star Formation (2008)

In the last decade we have seen an enormous increase in the size and quality of spectroscopic galaxy surveys, both at low and high redshift. New statistical techniques to analyse large portions of galaxy spectra are now finding favour over traditional index based methods. Here we will review a new robust and iterative Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm, which solves several common issues with classic PCA. Application to the 4000AA break region of galaxies in the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey (VVDS) and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) gives new high signal-to-noise ratio spectral indices easily interpretable in terms of recent star formation history. In particular, we identify a sample of post-starburst galaxies at z~0.7 and z~0.07. We quantify for the first time the importance of post-starburst galaxies, consistent with being descendants of gas-rich major mergers, for building the red sequence. Finally, we present a comparison with new low and high redshift "mock spectroscopic surveys" derived from a Millennium Run semi-analytic model.
Modeling the Inflation Response of C57BL/6 Mouse Sclera (2011)

Small rodent models have become increasingly useful to investigate how the mechanical properties of soft tissues may influence disease development. These animal models allow access to aged, diseased, or genetically-altered tissue samples, and through comparisons with wild-type or normal tissue it can be explored how each of these variables influence tissue function. The challenges to deriving meaningful material parameters for these small tissue samples include designing physiologically-relevant mechanical testing protocols and interpreting the experimental load-displacement data in an appropriate constitutive framework to quantify material parameters. This study was motivated by determining the possible role of scleral material properties in the development of glaucomatous damage to the retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in the United States and in the world with an estimate of 60 million people affected by this year [1]. Through exploring mouse models, the overall goal of our work is to determine the role of scleral material properties and scleral tissue microstructure in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
Preparation of Plutonium Metal, (II) (1971)

A method of producing Pu metal by the reduction of sodium plutonium(IV) fluoride is reported. After the valency of Pu in acidic solution was adjusted to tetravalent state by addition of nitrite (e.g. NaNO2), sodium plutonium (IV) fluoride was precipitated by adding hydrofluoric acid in the presence of sodium ion in the solution. The double salt obtained by the wet method was dried under reduced pressure at 110°C, and then reduced with Ca metal in Ar atmosphere. Over 80% Pu yield was obtained by reducing 1 g batch of the double salt.
Structural homology of corticotropin-releasing factor, sauvagine, and urotensin I: circular dichroism and prediction studies. (1983)

Three recently isolated peptides, whose sequences have been determined--the corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone)-releasing factor of ovine origin, sauvagine, from the skin of the frog Phyllomedusa sauvagei, and urotensin I from the teleost fish, Catostomus commersoni--show high (greater than 50%) sequence homology. CD spectra of the three peptides in trifluoroethanol indicate predominantly helical character for these peptides. Analysis of the secondary structures by the Chou-Fasman method predicts that the overall structural organization of the peptides is the same. All three possess a long internal helix, spanning about 25 residues, connected by a turn region to a COOH-terminal structural element that is an alpha-helix in corticotropin-releasing factor and urotensin I and a beta-sheet in sauvagine. The values for helical content estimated from the prediction method agree reasonably well with those computed from the CD spectra. This agreement as well as the CD spectra of corticotropin-releasing factor fragment 5-33 support the specific assignments of helical regions derived from the Chou-Fasman analysis. The three peptides exhibit significantly less helical structure in water than in trifluoroethanol as indicated by CD spectra. Hydrophilicity profiles provided comparison of the three peptides in terms of their overall hydrophilicity and the location of the regions of maximal hydrophilicity. A unique distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues within the internal helices is revealed by helical wheel analysis. Patches of both types of residues are formed following a heptad (four/three) rule. Since the two patches are shifted by one residue relative to one another, together they occupy only one face of the helical surface, a feature distinct from other amphiphilic structures.
Managing ponds and lakes for aquaculture and fisheries in Missouri : Controlling nuisance aquatic vegetation (2014)

Aquatic vegetation can be controlled using cultural, biological and chemical methods. Methods aimed at preventing vegetation problems are often the most successful, but control usually requires a combination of methods, as no single strategy provides satisfactory long-term results. This guide provides a general overview of each control method and discusses implementation strategies to help you make informed decisions about aquatic plant control.