gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance comparison of short pitched and fully pitched switched reluctance machines (2016)

This paper presents a comprehensive comparison of switched reluctance machines (SRM) with short pitched and full pitched windings for the same machine geometry. A switched reluctance machine designed for off-road vehicles with short-pitched windings is rewound with full-pitched windings and the two winding structures are compared. The effect of number of turns on the torque speed characteristics is also investigated. The two different winding configurations were evaluated with unipolar excitation at the same bus voltage level of the driver. The machines are compared with respect to their electromagnetic behavior, operating range, torque per ampere, and efficiency. The comparison would better guide designers on what type of configuration would best suit to their applications. The comparison is conducted with the aid of Finite element analysis. An experimental 50 kW prototype for the off-road vehicle application is used for experimental validation.
Self-mixing laser diode vibrometer (2002)

The principle and the experimental realization of a new type of laser vibrometer based on the self-mixing interference effect in a laser diode are presented. The self-mixing configuration allows for a practical set-up that is simpler by far than conventional laser vibrometer schemes. The vibrometer relies on locking of the system to half the interferometric fringe, and on active phase-nulling by wavelength modulation. This allows an extended dynamic range to be achieved, whilst retaining a good sensitivity to sub-wavelength vibrations. We have designed and built a prototype of the vibrometer that can operate on nearly any kind of rough surface, covering the 0.1 Hz–70 kHz frequency range of vibration. The noise floor is less than 100 pm Hz−1/2, and the maximum measurable vibration amplitude is 180 µm peak to peak. The proposed method can find application in modal analysis and noise and vibration measurements in industrial and scientific environments.
Brief communication. Chloroplast inheritance and DNA variation in sweet, sour, and ground cherry (2000)

Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is an allotetraploid and both sweet cherry (P avium L.) and ground cherry (P. fruticosa Pall.) are the proposed progenitor species. The study investigated the maternal species origin(s) of sour cherry using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers and a diverse set of 22 sweet, 25 sour, and 7 ground cherry selections. Two cpDNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and one polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment length polymorphism were identified among the 54 selections. The three polymorphisms considered together resolved four haplotypes. Analysis of sour cherry progeny indicated that the chloroplast genome is maternally inherited and therefore appropriate to use in determining maternal phylogenetic relationships. Ground cherry was found more likely than sweet cherry to be the maternal progenitor species of sour cherry since 23 of 25 of the sour cherry selections had the most prevalent ground cherry haplotype. However, the other two sour cherry selections tested had the most prevalent sweet cherry haplotype and a wild French sweet cherry selection had the most prevalent ground cherry haplotype. The results underscore the importance of using diverse Prunus germplasm to investigate phylogenetic relationships.
High light extraction efficiency of gallium nitride light emitting diode with silicon oxide hemispherical microlens (2008)

Silicon oxide hemispherical microlens with the density of 9.5×108cm−2 was formed on gallium nitride light emitting diode to enhance the light extraction efficiency by liquid phase deposition. The light output power exhibits 1.29 times enhancement compared to that without microlens. After the thermal annealing with nitrous oxide, the output power is further improved to 1.44 times due to higher silicon oxide quality and gallium nitride surface passivation.
A small 42‐ghz transmitter and receiver for a wireless HDTV (hi‐vision) camera (1994)

Abstract A transmission system suitable for a small Hi‐Vision wireless camera is proposed and a small transmitter and receiver for the 42‐GHz band is developed. In the present system, no signal processing is performed on the camera output which is directly frequency modulated. Orthogonal circular polarizations are co‐used for transmission. By means of this system, miniaturization and weight reduction of the equipment (with a transmitter of 5 kg) are attained. At the same time, the transmission bandwidth is reduced to 80 MHz. Also, as the key 42‐GHz devices for realization of the present equipment, a direct FM modulator (modulation sensitivity of 20 MHz/ V), an HEMT power amplifier, an orthogonal circular polarization feed system (with a cross‐polarization discrimination ratio of more than 23 dB), a low‐noise down‐converter (with a noise figure of less than 5 dB) and a simple IF cross‐polarization interference equalizer are developed. The antenna for the transmitter automatically adjusts its direction by means of the signal returned from the receiver at 10 GHz. The present equipment has a transmission distance of about 250 m with a transmitter output of 25 mW and the signal‐to‐noise (SN) ratio is 48 dB (Y signal). Also, the equipment can be unified with the Hi‐Vision two‐thirds inch small CCD camera developed in our laboratory and can be operated for close to one hour with one battery.
Growth study of DF-1 cell line in microcarrier bioreactor (2008)

Animal cell culture is fundamental in the manufacturing of many biological products. Biological products
produced in animal cell cultures include vaccines, enzymes, hormones, antibodies and anticancer agents. However
majority of animal cells is anchorage-dependent and requires attachment to a surface for their growth. Microcarrier is
a small bead used to provide surface for the culture of anchorage-dependent animal cells. Microcarrier culture has very
large surface area to volume ratio, thus able to produce larger number of cells when compared to conventional
monolayer cultures which uses multiple glass or plastic bottles. This research was carried out mainly to study the
growth performance of DF-1 cell culture by using microcarriers in a 1-L litre stirred tank bioreactor and compares it
with conventional monolayer cultures grown in T-flasks bioreactor. At the end of the study it has been found that the
maximum viable cell concentration achieved by the microcarrier culture was 1.315 × 106 cells/ml which was higher
than maximum viable cell concentration achieved by the cell culture in T-flasks which was 1.25 × 106 cells/ml.
A packaged 2.4 GHz LNA in a 0.15µm CMOS process with 2kV HBM ESD protection (2002)

This paper presents the first 2.4 GHz LNA with 2kV HBM ESD protection integrated in a 0.15 µm CMOS process. The LNA has been packaged in a standard TQFP48 package and achieves the best overall performance reported to date in a CMOS process at low power. The LNA has a NF of 2.77 dB, an S 21 of 12.1 dB and an IIP3 of +2.4 dBm at a current consumption of 3 mA from a 1.5V supply. A comparison of this LNA with another LNA having a similar schematic and pinout but without ESD protection demonstrates performance degradation due to the ESD structures at high frequencies. The LNA without ESD protection has a NF of 2.36 dB, an S 21 of 14 dB and an IIP3 of -2.2 dBm at the same bias condition.
Formal modelling of dynamic instantiation of input devices and interaction techniques (2014)

Representing the behavior of multi-touch interactive systems in a complete, concise and non-ambiguous way is still a challenge for formal description techniques. Indeed, multi-touch interactive systems embed specific constraints that are either cumbersome or impossible to capture with classical formal description techniques. This is due to both the idiosyncratic nature of multi-touch technology (e.g. the fact that each finger represent an input device and that gestures are directly performed on the surface without an additional instrument) and the high dynamicity of interactions usually encountered in this kind of systems. This paper presents a formal description technique able to model multi-touch interactive systems. We focus the presentation on how to represent the dynamic instantiation of input devices (i.e. finger) and how they can then be exploited dynamically to offer a multiplicity of interaction techniques which are also dynamically instantiated
Differences in phosphorylation of human and chicken stathmin by MAP kinase (2000)

Stathmin/Op18 is a highly conserved 19 kDa cytosolic phosphoprotein. Human and chicken stathmin share 93% identity with only 11 amino acid substitutions. One of the substituted amino acids is serine 25, which is a glycine in chicken stathmin. In human stathmin, serine 25 is the main phosphorylation site for MAP kinase. In this study, we have compared the phosphorylation of human and chicken stathmin. The proteins were expressed in Sf9 cells using the baculovirus expression system and purified for in vitro phosphorylation assays. Phosphorylation with MAP kinase showed that chicken stathmin was phosphorylated 10 times less than human stathmin. To identify the phosphorylation sites we used liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The only amino acid found phosphorylated was serine 38, which corresponds to the minor phosphorylation site in human stathmin. Phosphorylation with p34(cdc2)- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases gave almost identical phosphorylation levels in the two stathmins.
Induction of myxospores in Stigmatella aurantiaca (myxobacteria): analysis of inducer-inducer and inducer-inhibitor interactions by dose-response curves (1994)

Theories and methods developed in molecular pharmacology for drug receptor interactions were used to explain artificially induced myxospore formation. The correlation between inducer concentrations and the yield of myxospores, i.e. the experimentally obtained dose-response curves, were much steeper than expected for an interaction based on mass action law. We postulate that the interaction of an inducer with one of the different receptors of the bacterial cell causes the production of a common stimulus which programmes the cells to turn into myxospores, if a threshold value is reached. Simultaneous addition of inducers of the same or of different inducer groups showed synergistic interactions. Inducer concentrations that by themselves were not inducing gave maximum myxospore formation when combined. Addition of pyrrole, a specific inhibitor, caused a concentration-dependent parallel shift of the glycerol dose-response curve. Compounds, inducers or inhibitors, with identical receptor specificities competed for the common receptor according to their affinity. Interactions of inducers with different receptor specificities could be predicted from calculations with a mathematical model of functional synergism.
Baculovirus Stimulates Antiviral Effects in Mammalian Cells (1999)

Herein, we report that Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus, a member of the Baculoviridae family, is capable of stimulating antiviral activity in mammalian cells. Baculoviruses are not pathogenic to mammalian cells. Nevertheless, live baculovirus is shown here to induce interferons (IFN) from murine and human cell lines and induces in vivo protection of mice from encephalomyocarditis virus infection. Monoclonal antibodies specific for the baculovirus envelope gp67 neutralize baculovirus-dependent IFN production. Moreover, UV treatment of baculovirus eliminates both infectivity and IFN-inducing activity. In contrast, the IFN-inducing activity of the baculovirus was unaffected by DNase or RNase treatment. These data demonstrate that IFN production can be induced in mammalian cells by baculovirus even though the cells fail to serve as a natural host for an active viral infection. Baculoviruses, therefore, provide a novel model in which to study at least one alternative mechanism for IFN induction in mammalian cells.
Discovery of Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Small-Molecule Modulators of the Mediator Complex-Associated Kinases CDK8 and CDK19 (2016)

The Mediator complex-associated cyclin-dependent kinase CDK8 has been implicated in human disease, particularly in colorectal cancer where it has been reported as a putative oncogene. Here we report the discovery of 109 (CCT251921), a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of CDK8 with equipotent affinity for CDK19. We describe a structure-based design approach leading to the discovery of a 3,4,5-trisubstituted-2-aminopyridine series and present the application of physicochemical property analyses to successfully reduce in vivo metabolic clearance, minimize transporter-mediated biliary elimination while maintaining acceptable aqueous solubility. Compound 109 affords the optimal compromise of in vitro biochemical, pharmacokinetic, and physicochemical properties and is suitable for progression to animal models of cancer.
Human cytolytic cell clones lacking surface expression of T cell receptor alpha/beta or gamma/delta. Evidence that surface structures other than CD3 or CD2 molecules are required for signal transduction. (1988)

We have analyzed the transmembrane signaling operating in human cytolytic lymphocytes lacking surface expression of the CD3/TCR complex. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were fractionated into CD3+ and CD3- on the FACS and cloned under limiting conditions in the presence of PHA and IL-2. Approximately 90% CD3+ and 10% CD3- cells underwent clonal expansion. Clones obtained from the CD3- fraction belonged to two main phenotypic groups: CD2+ CD7+ and CD2- CD7+. Several clones were expanded and analyzed for surface phenotype and function. All of the five clones selected for detailed analysis did not express CD4, CD8, and CD28 antigens and did not release IL-2, whereas they displayed cytolytic activity against NK-sensitive, NK-resistant, and fresh tumor target cells. After stimulation with anti-CD2 mAbs or PHA a rapid increase in [Ca2+]i was detected in CD3- CD2+ CD7+ clones. This increment was caused by the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and by the influx from the extracellular compartment. Signaling in response to PHA did not appear to be dependent upon surface expression of CD2 molecules since antibody-induced modulation of CD2 did not prevent PHA-induced signal transduction. Similarly, in CD3- CD2- CD7+ clones [Ca2+]i increments and inositol phosphate formation occurred after stimulation with PHA. These data indicate that the functional PHA-binding structures, expressed in both groups of CD3- clones, are distinct from CD3/TCR complex and CD2 molecules.
Epileptic Seizures Detection Using Deep Learning Techniques: A Review (2021)

A variety of screening approaches have been proposed to diagnose epileptic seizures, using electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities. Artificial intelligence encompasses a variety of areas, and one of its branches is deep learning (DL). Before the rise of DL, conventional machine learning algorithms involving feature extraction were performed. This limited their performance to the ability of those handcrafting the features. However, in DL, the extraction of features and classification are entirely automated. The advent of these techniques in many areas of medicine, such as in the diagnosis of epileptic seizures, has made significant advances. In this study, a comprehensive overview of works focused on automated epileptic seizure detection using DL techniques and neuroimaging modalities is presented. Various methods proposed to diagnose epileptic seizures automatically using EEG and MRI modalities are described. In addition, rehabilitation systems developed for epileptic seizures using DL have been analyzed, and a summary is provided. The rehabilitation tools include cloud computing techniques and hardware required for implementation of DL algorithms. The important challenges in accurate detection of automated epileptic seizures using DL with EEG and MRI modalities are discussed. The advantages and limitations in employing DL-based techniques for epileptic seizures diagnosis are presented. Finally, the most promising DL models proposed and possible future works on automated epileptic seizure detection are delineated.
Effectiveness of Dilute Aqueous Silver Nitrate in the Treatment of Major Burns (1965)

MOORHEAD, more than 30 years ago, aptly defined burns as "infected wounds caused by heat."<sup>7</sup>This definition is still a valid one. Although a significant improvement in the mortality from burns that cover less than 30% of the body surface has been observed in the last 60 years, there has been little or no decline during this time in burn mortality from injuries covering 50% or more of the body surface. During the past 12 years, there has been no decrease in the area of burn that kills half of those affected (LD<sub>50</sub>).<sup>9</sup>Moreover, the mortality attending deep burns of as little as 30% to 40% of the body surface is still unacceptable, approaching 30%. Sepsis originating in the burn wound accounts for the greatest share of this mortality. Until now, no effective means of preventing bacterial colonization of major burn wounds has existed. None of the
Modified backstepping control of Quadrotor (2012)

In this paper, a modified backstepping approach will be developed and applied to control unmanned areial vehicles (UAVs), Quadrotor. In this modified backstepping approach, the number of control parameters is reduced by half compared with the classical back stepping approach used in the literature. Simulation is used to test the stability of the overall nonlinear Quadrotor system and compared with the classical one.
Sliced polar codes (2016)

A variation on channel polarization coding is presented. In standard channel polarization coding the code length is an integral power of two. Our scheme allows modifying the code at the graph definition level to an arbitrary blocklength. Working at the graph definition level of the code enables the utilization of the newly produced codes for every decoding scheme that utilize the graph definition of the code with a substantial saving in operations and storage resources of the decoder at hand. This saving is of major potential for solid-state storage where information length of interest is commonly integral power of two and high coding rate is usually considered. About 45% hardware resources are estimated to be saved in various decoder architectures at hand.
Design of a novel high-efficiency single-mode single photon source (2008)

International audience
Composición química y actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Pelargonium odoratissimum (l) I`hér (geraniaceae) (2016)

La especie Pelargonium odoratissimum (geranio de olor) pertenece a la familia Geraniaceae. Dentro de su composición química, presenta flavonoides tales como quercetina, kaempferol y miricetina; el aceite esencial de sus hojas es rico en metil-eugenol, limoneno y fencona. A partir de hojas y flores de la especie P. odoratissimum se obtuvo el aceite esencial por hidrodestilación (rendimiento 0,3% m/v); la composición química se determinó por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM), comparando los índices de retención y los espectros de masas con los datos reportados en la literatura. Se determinó la presencia de 4 monoterpenos, 20 sesquiterpenos y algunos compuestos oxigenados entre ellos 7 ésteres y un ácido, los cuales constituyen cerca del 74% de la composición relativa total del aceite. Los monoterpenos identificados representan el 22,60% de la composición del aceite esencial, en los cuales los componentes mayoritarios encontrados fueron geraniol (12,69%) y citronelol (8,99%). La actividad antimicrobiana medida como la Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria (CMI) se realizó por el método de microdilución en placas de 96 pozos utilizando como indicador de viabilidad el MTT (bromuro de 3-[4,5dimetiltiazol-2-il]-2,5-difeniltetrazolio). El aceite esencial mostró actividad frente a todas las cepas microbianas ensayadas. La mayor actividad se encuentra frente a Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Aspergillus brasiliensis y Candida albicans con una CMI &lt; 3,9 µg/mL. Se encontró una menor actividad inhibitoria, aunque no menos importante, contra Trichophytum rubrum (CMI = 62,5 µg/mL) y Trichophytum mentagrophytes (CMI = 125 µg/mL).
Control of mode anticrossings in whispering gallery microresonators (2018)

Optical microresonators attract strong interest because of exciting effects and applications ranging from sensing of single atoms and molecules to quantum and nonlinear optics. For all this, control and tuning of the discrete resonances are vital. In resonators made of anisotropic materials that are beneficial for nonlinear-optical applications, anticrossings of ordinarily (o) and extraordinarily (e) polarized modes occur regularly. This effect is badly understood and harmful for mode control and tuning. We show that the anticrossings are inherent in the o- and e-modes because of the vectorial properties of Maxwell's equations. Within a novel pertubative approach employing a strong localization of the modes near the resonator rim, we have quantified the anticrossings. The values of avoidance gaps strongly exceeding the linewidths and selection rules for the interacting modes are predicted. The inferred values of the avoidance gaps are confirmed experimentally in resonators made of lithium niobate. Furthermore, based on theory, we have eliminated the anticrossings completely by spatially-controlled introduction of defects. This paves the way for unperturbed tuning of anisotropic microresonators.
Optimization of sub-cells orientation for assembly of a high-quality transmission sphere (2015)

The transmission sphere (TS) provides a high-quality reference wavefront which is common path with a test wavefront to generate interference fringes in a Fizeau interferometer. The optical path difference (OPD) of the reference wavefront should be controlled within peak-to-valley (PV) 5 &lambda; (&lambda;=0.6328 um), because too large OPD makes interference fringes distorted. Therefore, the tolerance analysis of the reference wavefront is very critical. Because the surface irregularity of lens can change the phase of a wavefront, surface deformation after mounting highly impacts on the wavefront error. For large optics, such as &phi; 6-inch in this study, surface deformation dominates the quality of the reference wavefront. For minimizing surface deformation after mounting, semi-kinematic mounting technology is used in sub-cells design to avoid over-constraint forces and unpredictable deformation. Then, the deformation due to gravity force of each surface can be constrained around PV 0.3 &lambda; with Zernike trefoil in vertical setup TS; however, the superposition of the distorted wavefront may deteriorate the optical performance. A method of optimizing orientation of each lens around optical axis is presented in this paper. Sub-cells are designed to be rotational around optical axis respectively. The wavefront error of the reference beam of the worst case is improved significantly after optimization. Consequently, the method can effectively reduce the difficulty of lenses fabrication and mounting, and then the specification of the surface irregularity can be lower for cost saving. Based on the optimization in our study, a good reference wavefront can be acquired without any tight tolerance or complicated assembly.