gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fe(0)-Based-Bioremediation of RDX-Contaminated Groundwater (2004)

Abstract : RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) is an explosive compound that is gaining notoriety as a recalcitrant and toxic groundwater contaminant at many military installations. Batch and flow-through column studies suggest that permeable reactive iron barriers (PRBs) should effectively intercept and degrade RDX plumes, and that treatment efficiency could be enhanced by some biogeochemical interactions. This project addresses the potential to enhance RDX degradation by bioaugmentation of an Fe(0) permeable reactive barrier, with focus on investigating RDX mechanisms and the sustainability and robustness of an integrated microbial-Fe(0) treatment system. Activities completed this year included chemical characterization including assessing the subsequent degradability of unknown soluble metabolites formed during RDX transformation. Such byproducts were mineralized faster and to a greater extent to carbon dioxide than the parent RDX compound. A significant fraction of carbon from RDX formed under abiotic conditions was confirmed to be formaldehyde. We also continued to run flow-through column studies to investigate the sustainability of these systems. The RDX degradation profile for columns containing aged iron was determined and these columns were characterized with respect to their microbial communities and iron oxides formed along the length of the simulated Fe(0) barrier. Lastly, our investigation with the homoacetogen Acetobacterium paludosum has indicated that RDX can serve as a nitrogen source for this bacterium. This report details the importance, relevance, and scope of this work and the achievement of milestones for this research in 2003.
Figure 8 from Shortwave Infrared Imaging Enables High-Contrast Fluorescence-Guided Surgery in Neuroblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;SWIR imaging achieves a higher TBR than NIR-I imaging. &lt;b&gt;A,&lt;/b&gt; Normalized band images of exposed tumors at 24 hours post conjugates injection. Images show increased TBR at longer wavelengths. &lt;b&gt;B,&lt;/b&gt; Normalized band images (900 and 1,300 nm only) 48, 72, and 96 hours after anti–GD2-IR800 and anti–GD2-IR12 administration. &lt;b&gt;C,&lt;/b&gt; TBR versus wavelength band for each conjugate and control mice. Each line represents an individual (one individual per dye per time point). The TBR measured at 1,300 nm 72 hours post anti–GD2-IR12 injection was omitted as an outlier. The upper black line shows the fit of the combined anti–GD2-IR800 and anti–GD2-IR12 data. The lower black line shows the fit of the control data. The gray bands show the 95% confidence interval of the fit (simultaneous functional bounds).&lt;/p&gt;
Java Virtual Machine (1997)

The Java Virtual Machine is the software implementation of a CPU designed to run compiled Java code. Using the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) makes it possible to develop additional syntaxes for expressing the problems you want to solve and gives more control over the performance of your application. This text is a comprehensive programming guide for the Java Virtual Machine. Providing an overview and reference of the JVM, it enbles users to create their own implementations of the JVM or write their own compilers that create Java object code. The book is divided into two sections: the first includes information on the semantics and structure of the JVM; the second is a reference of the JVM instructions, or opcodes. The programming guide includes numerous examples written in Java assembly language. A Java assembler is provided with the book, so the examples can all be compiled and executed. The reference section offers a complete description of the instruction set of the VM, and the class file format including a description of the byte-code verifier.
Enhancers and their dynamics during hematopoietic differentiation and emerging strategies for therapeutic action (2016)

Cellular differentiation requires precisely regulated tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific gene expression patterns. Numerous studies have highlighted the predictive power of enhancers on lineage-specific gene expression programs and have started to unravel their mechanisms of action. We review here the dynamics of the enhancer landscape during hematopoietic differentiation and how enhancers function in the context of the 3D organization of the genome. We further discuss the involvement of aberrant enhancer activity in human diseases and emerging strategies aiming at controlling enhancer activity and chromosome topology for therapeutic purposes.
An adaptive beamforming technique based on cyclostationary signal properties (1995)

A new approach to adaptive beamforming is presented. The method is based on the property of cyclostationary signals to generate spectral lines when they pass through certain nonlinear transformations. The beamformer coefficients are selected according to a new optimization objective, which consists on minimizing the mean square error between the array output after the nonlinearity and a complex exponential. This approach optimally extracts any signal that generates a spectral line at the same frequency as the reference complex exponential. A gradient-based algorithm is derived to compute the optimum weights. Since the proposed cost function is a nonconvex function of the array coefficients, minima are analyzed for the three most common types of perturbations found in communications: Gaussian noise, multiple interferences, and multipath propagation. It is demonstrated via analysis and simulations that minima correspond to points where output noise power is minimized, interferences are canceled, and intersymbol interference is removed, i.e., the beamformer eliminates the distortion introduced by the radiocommunication channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Neutral axis location in bending and Young's modulus of different layers of arterial wall (1993)

With few exceptions, experimental results on the blood vessel elasticity have been analyzed with the blood vessel wall treated as a homogeneous material, probably because the experiments have been limited to inflation and stretching. To advance the subject, we must evaluate the force-deformation relationship of different layers of the vessel. A key strategy to do this is to study nonaxisymmetric deformation of the vessel wall so that the different layers of the vessel may deform in different amounts at different places. One of the most effective nonaxisymmetric deformations that can be imposed on the vessel wall is bending. The first important question to ask about bending is, Where is the neutral axis? In this study, a method to determine the neutral axis is presented. We found that the neutral axis of the aorta of the pig lies in the medial layer about one-third of the wall thickness from the endothelium. We measured the strain distribution in the vessel wall by optical methods. Using the load-deflection relationship, we evaluated the Young's modulus of the intima-media layer and that of the adventitia. They differ by an order of magnitude. Our results show that the Young's modulus of the intima-media layer of the pig thoracic aorta is 43.2 +/- 15.8 kPa, whereas the Young's modulus of the adventitial layer is 4.70 +/- 1.72 kPa, in a linear range of the stress-strain relationship including the zero-stress state and the no-load state.
Review of metadata formats (1996)

Increasing use of the Internet has heightened awareness among the information community of the need to provide user friendly searching and navigation tools that lead to quality information. An essential part of gaining effective access to Internet resources is to provide an index of available items in order to save users time and network overload. Discussions on metadata are focused on the format of the record used as the basis for the index. Control of the vast number of resources of the Internet requires an appropriate record format (or formats) which will enable the resource to be adequately described and easily located; records must be compatible with an appropriate search engine which in turn would ideally be compatible with a search and retrieval Internet protocol and all components should conform to international standards. At present there are a number of formats which meet at least some of these criteria, each of which has its own strengths.
Catalytic enantioselective addition of isocyanoacetate to 3-methyl-4-nitro-5-styrylisoxazoles under phase transfer catalysis conditions (2015)

The reaction between 3-methyl-4-nitro-5-styrylisoxazoles and ethyl isocyanoacetate proceeded under phase transfer catalysis to give enantioenriched monoadducts in high enantiomeric excess (up to 99% ee). The resulting adducts were subsequently cyclised to give 2,3-dihydropyrroles and substituted pyrrolidines in identical high ees and as a single diastereoisomer.
Genetic factors in cerebral small vessel disease and their impact on stroke and dementia (2015)

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is among the most frequent causes of both stroke and dementia. There is a growing list of genes known to be implicated in Mendelian forms of SVD. Also, genome-wide association studies have identified common variants at a number of genetic loci that are associated with manifestations of SVD, among them loci for white matter hyperintensities, small vessel stroke, and deep intracerebral hemorrhage. Driven by these discoveries and new animal models substantial progress has been made in elucidating the molecular, cellular, and physiologic mechanisms underlying SVD. A major theme emerging from these studies is the extracellular matrix (ECM). Recent findings include a role of structural constituents of the ECM such as type IV collagens in hereditary and sporadic SVD, the sequestration of proteins with a known role in ECM maintenance into aggregates of NOTCH3, and altered signaling through molecules known to interact with the ECM. Here, we review recent progress in the identification of genes involved in SVD and discuss mechanistic concepts with a particular focus on the ECM.
Noise assessment of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Si or SiC substrates: application to X-band low noise amplifiers (2005)

This study regards the low noise properties of X-bandGaN-based LNAs as well as its associated robustness. Devices are processed on epilayers grown onSiC or Si substrates. The HEMTs present very low noise properties with NFmin and Gass close to 1 dB and 13 dB at 12GHz. The robustness testsshow that the component withstands power level up to 34 dBm. A two-stages X-bandLNA is fabricated showing a noise figure of 1.7 dB with a gain of 20 dB at 10 GHz.
Intuitive control of “bird's eye” overview images for navigation in an enormous virtual environment (1998)

We propose a manipulation technique to intuitively control the "bird's eye" overview displav of an entire large-scale virtual environment in a display system that present a user with both overviews (global views) and a life-size virtual environment (local view) simultaneously.
THE EFFECTS OF VASOPRESSIN AND EPINEPHRINE ON ARTERIOLES AND VENULES AS DETERMINED BY IN VIVO MICROSCOPY (1976)

Harell, G. s. M.D.; Dickhoner, W. H. A.B.; Eltherington, L. G. M.D.; Bremen, R. S. M.D. Author Information
Abstract B15: The pan-BCR-ABL inhibitor ponatinib inhibits viability of gatekeeper mutant BCR-ABLT315I cells with greater potency than a nilotinib/MEK inhibitor combination (2012)

Abstract Introduction: The second generation BCR-ABL inhibitor nilotinib has recently been shown to have weak off-target activity against RAF and drive the paradoxical activation of BRAF and CRAF in cells with activated RAS. Importantly, this effect has been seen in cells expressing T315I mutant BCR-ABL, against which nilotinib is ineffective (Packer, Cancer Cell 20:715). Interestingly, nilotinib was shown to synergize with an inhibitor of MEK, a downstream effector of RAF, to inhibit the viability of cells expressing BCR-ABLT315I. Ponatinib is a pan-BCR-ABL inhibitor that potently kills cells expressing BCR-ABLT315I and is in a pivotal phase 2 trial in patients with CML. Here we examined the activity of ponatinib against RAF and compared the cellular potency of ponatinib against BCR-ABLT315I to that of a nilotinib/MEK inhibitor combination. Results: Ponatinib potently inhibited the in vitro kinase activity of ARAF, BRAF, and CRAF with IC50s of 71, 33, and 17 nM, respectively, compared to IC50s of 4390, 235, and 188 for nilotinib. In 2 RAS mutant cell lines tested, nilotinib (1 to 10 μM) induced feedback activation of RAF/MEK/ERK signaling as reported previously; however ponatinib (0.01 to 10 μM) did not. Both ponatinib and nilotinib potently inhibited viability of Ba/F3 cells expressing native BCR-ABL, with IC50s of 1.5 and 10 nM, respectively. While nilotinib has no activity against cells expressing BCR-ABLT315I, when combined with a concentration of the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 that inhibits MEK signaling (2 μM), nilotinib inhibited viability with an IC50 of 550 nM. In contrast, ponatinib potently inhibited viability of cells expressing BCR-ABLT315I with an IC50 of 6 nM. Similarly, single agent ponatinib induced apoptosis in BCR-ABLT315I cells with 100-fold greater potency than the combination of nilotinib and AZD6244. Conclusion: In contrast to nilotinib, ponatinib does not appear to induce the paradoxical activation of RAF/MEK/ERK signaling in RAS mutant cells, possibly due to its inhibition of all 3 RAF family members. Although nilotinib synergizes with a MEK inhibitor to kill BCR-ABLT315I mutant cells, this effect requires a concentration of nilotinib approximately 50-fold higher than that required to kill native BCR-ABL cells. Substantially greater potency, at clinically achievable drug concentrations, is achieved via the direct inhibition of BCR-ABLT315I by ponatinib.
SWEAVE Data from A 12-Gene Set Predicts Survival Benefits from Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 124K, The SWEAVE report contains all the details about the model, parameters and procedures used to generate the results in the paper.&lt;/p&gt;
A Highly Active and Reusable Heterogeneous Ruthenium Catalyst for Olefin Metathesis (2005)

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of Ru complexes of the type [L 2 X 2 RuCHR] (L=PPh 3 , PCy 3 , N‐heterocyclic carbenes or their derivates; X=Cl) grafted on mesoporous SBA‐15 material are described. In this heterogeneous catalyst the Ru complexes are anchored in the pore channels of mesoporous silica material SBA‐15 to prevent the decomposition of the catalytic species. Compared with formal organic‐supported heterogeneous catalysts, this heterogeneous catalyst shows relatively high catalytic activity in olefin metathesis reactions and can be used several times without any decrease in catalytic activities.
Bode Integral Constraints and the Zero Spillover Controller in Active Noise and Vibration Control (1995)

Abstract With the success of feedforward techniques, feedback control researchers have begun to explore the relationship between these two control paradigms. The goal of the present paper is to further investigate the relationship between feedforward and feedback control techniques by means of the classical Bode integral constraint on achievable performance. These results provide insight into the phenomenon of spillover which has been widely discussed in the vibration control literature. Specifically, it is shown that a particular feedforward controller called the zero spillover controller avoids spillover by producing perfect disturbance cancellation at every frequency. For readability, we derive the approximate zero spillover controller which is shown to be an optimal feedback controller for an LQG problem with suitable cross weights. Finally, the results are illustrated by means of analytical and numerical examples.
P‐74: Seeing Depth from a Single LCD (2009)

Abstract A Dual‐Depth display has been developed which allows a single LCD to show two images in two distinct depth planes. Dual‐Depth displays add realism and increased interactivity and can provide a competitive edge to many market areas for example, gaming, automotive and advertising.
Physical degradation of coke in blast furnace. (1985)

Fbeen concluded that the thermal degradation and the attack by inorganic compounds contribute considerably to the drastic degradation at the position of 3-5m above the tuyere level, and that the contribution to the deteriorations by CO2 reaction is smaller than the former.On the base of these findings, the coke degradation through blast furnace has been tried to determine by measuring the difference of coke size between before charging and at the tuyere during the operation with very low fuel rate (396kg/pig-t). The result obtained implies that the less thermal level of the lower part of blast furnace brings the less degradations of coke through blast furnace.Another blast furnace trial has been conducted with the low CSR (coke strength after CO2 reaction) cokes with enough JIS drum strength (more than 92.0 in DI3015) which are produced mainly by lowering the flue temperature of coke ovens. Any serious problems have not been encountered such as frequent slips and scaffold formations during the operation. A clear relation is recognized between the slag discharging speed and the hot drum index (1500°C) of charged coke.To confirm what kind of coke shows the less thermal degradation, the apparatus for measuring the indirect tensile strength at high temperatures (2300°C) has been developed. It is found that the optimum inerts and the high micro strength are indispensable to get the coke with less thermal degradation.
Contributions of spectral resolution to speech recognition in noise (1999)

Plomp’s model of the speech recognition threshold (SRT) provides a remarkably good description for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. According to the model, an attenuation factor (A) and a distortion factor (D) can account for the changes in SRT with increasing noise levels. In a recent series of studies, phoneme recognition under conditions of reduced spectral representation and varying signal-to-noise conditions has been measured in both normal-hearing listeners and cochlear implant listeners. Plomp’s basic frameworks were adapted to account for these new data. Results from normal-hearing listeners showed that the reduction in spectral resolution and other spectral manipulations could be well quantified in terms of the D factor. The performance of the best cochlear implant user was similar to that of normal-hearing subjects listening to a similar level of spectral reduction, indicating that the D factor in the spectral domain alone could be used to account for the performance in noise of these cochlear implant users. However, some of the cochlear implant listeners had poorer performance than processor-matched normal-hearing subjects, suggesting that the distortion factor in the amplitude domain, such as distorted loudness growth introduced by acoustic-to-electric amplitude mapping, should also be considered. [Work supported by NIH.]
Prediction of Time Variation of Ballistic Parameters For a Swirling-Oxidizer-Flow-Type Hybrid Rocket Engine using Burning Data (2010)

For hybrid rocket engines, there are some unique relationships between the parameters, such as the fuel regression rate, oxidizer mass flow rate, equivalence ratio and so on, which determine the burning properties. These relationships are strongly related to the engine performance. Our final goal of this study is to establish the optimum design method which considers the engine performance of hybrid rocket engines for practical hybrid rockets varying with time. In this paper, we focused on the time variation of ballistic parameters. First, we established the calculation method which well simulates the burning condition of the swirling-oxidizer-flow-type hybrid rocket engine. Next, we predicted the time variation of the burning properties and ballistics parameters using this calculation method and some experimental burning data. The simulation results showed little difference in the time variations of the combustion pressure and thrust from the experiment. The simulated values of the engine efficiencies of Isp, C* and CF obtained well agreed with those experimentally. The simulation method proposed here is appropriate for predication of time variation of ballistic parameters and may be useful as a design tool for hybrid rocket engines.
An explainable machine learning platform for pyrazinamide resistance prediction and genetic feature identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2020)

Machine learning can be used to achieve high-accuracy resistance prediction, and identify genes and mutations causing the resistance.
Gender classification of full body images based on the convolutional neural network (2017)

Gender classification is one of the most interesting and challenging problems in computer vision and has been widely studied based on facial images. However, the images of human we taken from the real-world surveillance are mostly full body and relatively blurry, which is much more difficult to classify due to different poses and backgrounds in unconstrained scenarios. In this paper, we propose a new network structure based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), which is less complicated and has a small number of layers. Moreover, it can achieve a high accuracy with even trained with limited data. We evaluate our method on the dataset collected from real-world video surveillance and compare various learning algorithms including Alex Net and Google Net. The experimental results showed that the proposed model achieved better results than the tested state-of-the-art network structures.
The Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitor Acalabrutinib Demonstrates Potent On-Target Effects and Efficacy in Two Mouse Models of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> Acalabrutinib (ACP-196) is a novel, potent, and highly selective Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, which binds covalently to Cys481 in the ATP-binding pocket of BTK. We sought to evaluate the antitumor effects of acalabrutinib treatment in two established mouse models of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).<b>Experimental Design:</b> Two distinct mouse models were used, the TCL1 adoptive transfer model where leukemic cells from Eμ-TCL1 transgenic mice are transplanted into C57BL/6 mice, and the human NSG primary CLL xenograft model. Mice received either vehicle or acalabrutinib formulated into the drinking water.<b>Results:</b> Utilizing biochemical assays, we demonstrate that acalabrutinib is a highly selective BTK inhibitor as compared with ibrutinib. In the human CLL NSG xenograft model, treatment with acalabrutinib demonstrated on-target effects, including decreased phosphorylation of PLCγ2, ERK, and significant inhibition of CLL cell proliferation. Furthermore, tumor burden in the spleen of the mice treated with acalabrutinib was significantly decreased compared with vehicle-treated mice. Similarly, in the TCL1 adoptive transfer model, decreased phosphorylation of BTK, PLCγ2, and S6 was observed. Most notably, treatment with acalabrutinib resulted in a significant increase in survival compared with mice receiving vehicle.<b>Conclusions:</b> Treatment with acalabrutinib potently inhibits BTK <i>in vivo</i>, leading to on-target decreases in the activation of key signaling molecules (including BTK, PLCγ2, S6, and ERK). In two complementary mouse models of CLL, acalabrutinib significantly reduced tumor burden and increased survival compared with vehicle treatment. Overall, acalabrutinib showed increased BTK selectivity compared with ibrutinib while demonstrating significant antitumor efficacy <i>in vivo</i> on par with ibrutinib. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2831-41. ©2016 AACR</i>.