gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification of In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity by Consumption of Cooked Chickpea in a Colon Cancer Model (2020)

Chickpea has been classified as a nutraceutical food due to its phytochemical compounds, showing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity. To investigate this, we evaluated the effect of cooking on the nutritional and non-nutritional composition and the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of chickpea seed. The latter was determined by the variation in the concentration of nitric oxide (NO), oxidized carbonyl groups (CO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the expression of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) in the colon of male BALB/c mice fed with a standard diet with 10 and 20% cooked chickpea (CC). We induced colon cancer in mice by administering azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS); for the evaluation, these were sacrificed 1, 7, and 14 weeks after the induction. Results show that cooking does not significantly modify (p &lt; 0.05) nutritional compounds; however, it decreases the concentration of non-nutritional ones and, consequently, in vitro antioxidant activity. The in vivo evaluation showed that animals administered with AOM/DSS presented higher concentrations of NO, CO, MDA, and 4-HNE than those in animals without AOM/DSS administration. However, in the three evaluated times, these markers were significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.05) with CC consumption. The best effect on the oxidation markers was with the 20% CC diet, demonstrating the antioxidant potential of CC.
Ionic Bonds Control Ferroelectric Behavior in Wurtzite Nitrides (2022)

Ferroelectricity enables key integrated technologies from non-volatile memory to precision ultrasound. Wurtzite ferroelectric Al1-xScxN has recently attracted attention because of its robust ferroelectricity and Si process compatibility in addition to being the first known ferroelectric wurtzite. However, the origin and control of ferroelectricity in wurtzite materials is not yet fully understood. Here we show that the local bond ionicity, rather than simply the change in tetrahedral distortion, is key to controlling the macroscopic ferroelectric response, according to our coupled experimental and computational results. Across the composition gradient in Sc &lt; 0.35 range and 140-260 nm thickness in combinatorial thin films of Al1-xScxN, the pure wurtzite phase exhibits a similar c/a ratio regardless of the Sc content, due to elastic interaction with neighboring crystals. The coercive field and spontaneous polarization significantly decrease with increasing Sc content despite this invariant c/a ratio, due to the more ionic bonding nature of Sc-N relative to the more covalent Al-N bonds, supported by DFT calculations. Based on these insights, ionicity engineering is introduced as an approach to reduce coercive field of Al1-xScxN for memory and other applications and to control ferroelectric properties in other wurtzites.
CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENT WITH SOLITARY THYROID NODULE IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA (2017)

Incidence of malignancy in a solitary thyroid nodule is higher than in multinodular goitre. The prevalence of nodules in the general population is around 8% with greater predisposition in females. This study was undertaken to study the functional status of solitary nodules and to analyse the types of malignancy occurring in solitary nodules.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Controversy and Conundrums (2002)

Lower respiratory tract infections are among the most common infectious diseases of humans worldwide. In the United States alone, pneumonia and influenza rank as the sixth leading cause of death (18). Changes in the characteristics of the population as it ages and the swelling numbers of patients with immunocompromising conditions have increased the number of individuals at risk. An expanded variety of emerging pathogens likewise provides challenges for the microbiology laboratory. Overtreatment of acute uncomplicated bronchitis, which is largely due to viruses, has led to unparalleled levels of multidrug resistance among invasive pathogens such as Streptococcous pneumoniae. Practice guidelines for a rational approach to the evaluation and treatment of patients with acute bronchitis have recently been published in an effort to decrease the overuse of antibiotics and as an attempt to prevent further increases in rates of resistance (8). The laboratory’s role here is very limited. The role of the microbiology laboratory in the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains controversial. Limitations of diagnostic tests have led to the development of guidelines for empirical treatment approaches (2, 3). Less controversial is the need to establish an etiology in the hospitalized patient and the immunocompromised host with lower respiratory tract infection. This minireview addresses the major categories of lower respiratory tract infections, the most common etiologic agents, and the laboratory tests (and their limitations) available to diagnose them.
The Small RNA GcvB Promotes Mutagenic Break Repair by Opposing the Membrane Stress Response (2016)

Mutagenesis mechanisms upregulated by stress responses promote de novo antibiotic resistance and cross-resistance in bacteria, antifungal drug resistance in yeasts, and genome instability in cancer cells under hypoxic stress. This paper describes the role of a small RNA (sRNA) in promoting a stress-inducible-mutagenesis mechanism, mutagenic DNA break repair in Escherichia coli The roles of many sRNAs in E. coli remain unknown. This study shows that ΔgcvB cells, which lack the GcvB sRNA, display a hyperactivated membrane stress response and reduced general stress response, possibly because of sigma factor competition for RNA polymerase. This results in a mutagenic break repair defect. The data illuminate a function of GcvB sRNA in opposing the membrane stress response, and thus indirectly upregulating mutagenesis.
Effect of Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation on Esophageal Motility in Patients with Achalasia and Scleroderma (1990)

It has been suggested that low-frequency transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) alleviates the dysphagia produced by achalasia and scleroderma of the esophagus. The present study was conducted to elucidate whether TENS treatment improves dysphagia because of changes it induces on esophageal motility. We studied nine achalasia patients before forceful dilatation of the cardias, nine achalasia patients after dilatation, and nine patients with scleroderma. High-frequency TENS was applied to the hand for 30min while esophageal motility was monitored by manometry. In none of the groups did TENS produce any change in the basal tone of the lower esophageal sphincter, lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, or esophageal body wave amplitude. Low-frequency TENS, used in another seven untreated achalasia patients, also did not improve esophageal motility. Our data indicate that high- or low-frequency TENS does not induce detectable changes in esophageal motility in patients with achalasia or scleroderma.
Separation of Nonconvex Sets with General Augmenting Functions (2008)

In this paper, we consider two geometric optimization problems that are dual to each other and characterize conditions under which the optimal values of the two problems are equal. This characterization relies on establishing separation results for nonconvex sets using general concave surfaces defined in terms of convex augmenting functions. We prove separation results for augmenting functions that are bounded from below, unbounded augmenting functions, and asymptotic augmenting functions.
Determination of flavor components in Sicilian goat cheese by automated HS-SPME-GC (2005)

This investigation is based on the gas chromatographic analysis of the volatile fraction of Sicilian goat cheese. Volatile analytes were extracted through static headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with the support of a modern automatic instrument designed specifically for this sampling procedure. Component identification was carried out by GC-MS and the employment of internal standard compounds. In the preliminary part of this research, different fibres and capillary columns were tested and their effectiveness compared in order to optimize solute extraction and separation. Furthermore, the HS-SPME sampling conditions were properly tuned in order to maximize solute absorption. Evaluations were also made on the SPME instrumentation and its capability to supply reproducible data. The optimized method was applied to the investigation of six goat cheese samples and their aroma profiles were evaluated, leading to the identification of 44 components. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arabic parsing using grammar transforms (2010)

We investigate Arabic Context Free Grammar parsing with dependency annotation comparing lexicalised and unlexicalised parsers. We study how morphosyntactic as well as function tag information percolation in the form of grammar transforms (Johnson, 1998, Kulick et al., 2006) affects the performance of a parser and helps dependency assignment. We focus on the three most frequent functional\ntags in the Arabic Penn Treebank: subjects, direct objects and predicates . We merge these functional tags with their phrasal categories and (where appropriate) percolate case information to the non-terminal (POS) category to train the parsers. We then automatically enrich the output of these parsers with full dependency information in order to annotate trees with Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG)\nf-structure equations with produce f-structures, i.e. attribute-value matrices approximating to basic predicate-argument-adjunct structure representations. We present a series of experiments evaluating how well lexicalized, history-based, generative (Bikel) as well as latent\nvariable PCFG (Berkeley) parsers cope with the enriched Arabic data. We measure quality and coverage of both the output trees and the generated LFG f-structures. We show that joint functional and morphological information percolation improves both the recovery of trees as well as dependency results in the form of LFG f-structures.
Low power consuming BiCMOS single-ended VCO for wireless LAN at C-band (2004)

A low power consuming voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) at C-band frequencies is presented in this paper. With a supply voltage of 1.2 V and a current consumption of 1.8 mA, an output power of -3.5 dBm, an efficiency of 15 % and a phase noise of -110 dBc/Hz are achieved. Varying the tuning voltage horn 0 V to the supply voltage results in a tuning range of 400 MHz with a center frequency of 4.8 G H z With a tuning voltage from -0.5 to 5 V a tuning range of 1.1 GHz is possible. The fully integrated circuit is fabricated on a commercial 0.25 pm BiCMOS technology.
A Review on detecting and characterizing damage mechanisms of synthetic and natural fiber based composites (2017)

The damage to composite structures caused by impact events is one of the most critical behaviors that inhibit the widespread application of composite material. As the application of synthetic and natural based composite material increases over time, improved knowledge of composite damage in areas such as automotive and aerospace is exceedingly necessary. It is important to study and understand the damage mechanism of composite structures to produce effective designs. The failure caused by damage in structural design can result in unintended consequences. Extensive research has been conducted to detect impact damage in synthetic fiber. There are various methods to identify and characterize the damage. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent literature focusing on the broader scope of impact damage and incipient thermal damage of synthetic and natural fiber-based composites. In this report, the available research is reviewed by considering all aspects related to damage in composite materials, particularly the work done on detecting and characterizing damage mechanisms of synthetic and natural fiber-based composites.
Economic and technical feasibility of AnchoisFert organic fertilizer production (2022)

Is the production of the “AnchoisFert” organic fertilizer via the circular economy process based on omega-3 lipid extraction of milled anchovy fillet leftovers with citrus limonene followed by mild drying economically and technically viable? This study answers this question and identifies the main obstacles, chiefly of economic and organizational nature, to be overcome prior to commercialization of this new organic fertilizer. Along with non-variable and proven efficacy, successful competition with conventional organic and inorganic fertilizers requires affordable cost and regular supply. This, inter alia, requires to establish new and mutually beneficial relationship between bioeconomy firms and fish processing companies.
Lignin–carbohydrate complexes: properties, applications, analyses, and methods of extraction: a review (2018)

The complexity of lignin and hemicellulose segmentation has been known since the middle of the ninetieth century. Studies confirmed that all lignin units in coniferous species and 47-66% of lignin moieties in deciduous species are bound to hemicelluloses or cellulose molecules in lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC). Different types and proportions of lignin and polysaccharides present in biomass lead to the formation of LCC with a great variety of compositions and structures. The nature and amount of LCC linkages and lignin substructures affect the efficiency of pulping, hydrolysis, and digestibility of biomass. This review paper discusses the structures, compositions, and properties of LCC present in biomass and in the products obtained via pretreating biomass. Methods for extracting, fractionating, and analyzing LCC of biomass, pulp, and spent pulping liquors are critically reviewed. The main perspectives and challenges associated with these technologies are extensively discussed. LCC could be extracted from biomass following varied methods, among which dimethyl sulfoxide or dioxane (Björkman's) and acetic acid (LCC-AcOH) processes are the most widely applied. The oxidation and methylation treatments of LCC materials elucidate the locations and frequency of binding sites of hemicelluloses to lignin. The two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis allows the identification of the structure and the quantity of lignin-carbohydrate bonds involved in LCC. LCC application seems promising in medicine due to its high anti-HIV, anti-herpes, and anti-microbial activity. In addition, LCC was successfully employed as a precursor for the preparation of spherical biocarriers.
Boswellic extracts and 11-keto-ß-boswellic acids prevent type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus by suppressing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (2019)

Preclinical and clinical data suggest that BE and/or 11-keto-ß-boswellic acids by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory cytokines from immune-competent cells, may prevent insulitis and insulin resistance in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively, and therefore may be an option in the treatment/prevention of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is hypothesized that molecularly, BE and 11-keto-ß-boswellic acids act via interference with the IκB kinase/Nuclear Transcription Factor-κB (IKK/NF-κB) signaling pathway through inhibition of the phosphorylation activity of IKK. However, further investigations and well-designed clinical studies are required.
CFD Analysis of the Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Multi-Rotor Drone (2016)

Aerodynamic interaction between 6 rotors on a multi-copter type drone is numerically simulated. Variable pitch controlled rotors are modelled. It is found that 6/rev fluctuations in the resultant forces and moments are significant due to the interactions between these 6 rotors. These oscillating forces and moments are considered to be the main sources of vibrations on the multi-copter type drone. The thrust of the drone is controlled by change of the rotor pitch and the fluctuations change in nearly same proportion with the resultant thrust.
Arginase-1+ Exosomes from Reprogrammed Macrophages Promote Glioblastoma Progression (2020)

Interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are critical for glioblastoma progression. The TAMs represent up to 30% of the glioblastoma mass. The role of TAMs in tumor progression and in the mechanisms underlying tumor growth remain unclear. Using an in vitro model resembling the crosstalk between macrophages and glioblastoma cells, we show that glioblastoma-derived exosomes (GBex) reprogram M1 (mediate pro-inflammatory function) and M2 (mediate anti-inflammatory function) macrophages, converting M1 into TAMs and augmenting pro-tumor functions of M2 macrophages. In turn, these GBex-reprogrammed TAMs, produce exosomes decorated by immunosuppressive and tumor-growth promoting proteins. TAM-derived exosomes disseminate these proteins in the tumor microenvironment (TME) promoting tumor cell migration and proliferation. Mechanisms underlying the promotion of glioblastoma growth involved Arginase-1+ exosomes produced by the reprogrammed TAMs. A selective Arginase-1 inhibitor, nor-NOHA reversed growth-promoting effects of Arginase-1 carried by TAM-derived exosomes. The data suggest that GBex-reprogrammed Arginase-1+ TAMs emerge as a major source of exosomes promoting tumor growth and as a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
Ex Vivo Breast Tumor Identification: Advances Toward a Silicon-Based Terahertz Near-Field Imaging Sensor (2019)

Terahertz waves cover photon energies that are orders of magnitude smaller (0.4-40 meV) than the visual spectrum. Therefore, they provide additional information on intrinsic condensed-matter properties, making them attractive for imaging applications in the life sciences [1], [2]. Furthermore, they do not have an ionizing effect and are considered biologically innocuous. The ever-present water in organic matter strongly absorbs terahertz waves, and subtle changes in the water concentration can be indicative of disease [3]. However, the waves? long wavelength (3mm-30 nm) severely limits their lateral resolution and creates challenges for high-resolution imaging of biological tissue on the cellular level, e.g., for tumor margin identification during cancer surgery.
SuiT: Secure User Interface Based on TrustZone (2019)

In lots of security-aware scenarios, trusted user interface (TUI) is indispensable. For example, before signing a payment information, user needs to approve the information. Digital right management (DRM) related applications also need TUI supporting. Although current mobile platforms have provided TEE (Trusted Execution Environment) OS to support trusted applications running, introducing additional drivers into TEE OS is not very secure. The additional drivers may increase the code size of TEE OS and expand the attack surface. In this paper, we present a novel secure UI framework called SuiT based on ARM TrustZone hardware security extension. A secure UI driver and a shadow UI driver are implemented in the normal world. In the secure world, only additional switching code is introduced. When an application needs to interact with user in a trustworthy way, the shadow UI driver will take the place of original UI driver to complete the user interaction. During the UI driver switching process, a temporary trusted execution environment for secure UI driver is dynamically built by the switching code in the secure world. The trusted execution environment ensures that the secure UI driver is executed in a secure way and the potential attacks from rich OS can not tamper with the process of user interaction. We also implement a prototype of SuiT based on Android system and Freescale ARM processor with TrustZone extension. Experimental results demonstrate that SuiT can work well with negligible overhead.
A new pyrethroid of high insecticidal activity (1981)

Abstract New pyrethroids containing heterocyclic rings in the alcohol moieties were synthesised and their insecticidal activities were studied. Of these new pyrethroids, 3‐benzylpyrrol‐1‐ylmethyl (1 RS ‐ cis, trans ‐3(2,2‐dichlorovinyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate was found to be the most effective, having higher activity than permethrin against Musca domestica by a topical application method. In addition, para ‐substituted analogues of the 3‐benzylpyrrol‐1‐ylmethyl ester were also synthesised to study the substituent effects on insecticidal activities; the residual effects of these compounds against Blattella germanica were also examined.
Correlation of Dielectric Dispersions with Electronic and Ionic Conduction Mechanisms in Glass (1973)

Three iron oxide‐containing glasses of different network formers, namely, a phosphate, a borate, and a silicate, were compared to an alkali‐lime‐silicate glass. Tests by the Tubandt method established the main conduction mechanism, whether electrons or ions, in each glass. The conductivity data and loss factor and dielectric constant data from frequencies of were measured as a function of temperature. As dielectric theory predicts, dispersions of the dielectric constant with associated relaxation peaks in the loss factor were observed in the four glasses. An analysis of these properties revealed that the same mechanism was responsible for the a‐c and the d‐c conductivity in each glass. The shape of the dielectric constant curves below the dispersion frequencies varied with the conduction mechanism. Interpretation of these data showed only the silicate glass to have mixed ionic‐electronic conductivity.
Extraction of novel sulfated polysaccharides from Aphanothece sacrum (Sur.) Okada, and its spectroscopic characterization (2007)

Abstract We extracted polysaccharides (PS) from Aphanothece sacrum using a hot alkaline solution which degraded other biopolymers such as proteins and nucleotides. The spectroscopy and elemental analyses indicated the PS contain carboxyls and sulfate groups. The degree of sulfation was estimated as about 10 mol %. 1 H NMR studies demonstrated that the PS of A. sacrum had a dimethylated fucose unit. The combination of sulfate group and fucose in the prokaryotic PS was first evidenced by the direct spectroscopic studies. The PS showed efficient gelation behavior, binding to metal ions abundant in soil, and the swelling volume of the gel was approximately 250 times the dry volume. These results imply that PS of A. sacrum , which has been mass cultivated in Japan for a long time, may have potential as an environmentally benign water absorbent.
Scalable-Group Tag eXchange Protocol (SXP) (2020)

This document discusses scalable-group tag exchange protocol (SXP), a
control protocol to propagate IP address to Scalable Group Tag (SGT)
binding information across network devices.
Stimuli‐Sensitive Synthetic Polypeptide‐Based Materials for Drug and Gene Delivery (2011)

Stimuli-sensitive synthetic polypeptides are unique biodegradable and biocompatible synthetic polymers with structures mimicking natural proteins. These polymers exhibit reversible secondary conformation transitions and/or hydrophilic-hydrophobic transitions in response to changes in environmental conditions such as pH and temperature. The stimuli-triggered conformation and/or phase transitions lead to unique self-assembly behaviors, making these materials interesting for controlled drug and gene delivery applications. Therefore, stimuli-sensitive synthetic polypeptide-based materials have been extensively investigatid in recent years. Various polypeptide-based materials, including micelles, vesicles, nanogels, and hydrogels, have been developed and tested for drug- and gene-delivery applications. In addition, the presence of reactive side groups in some polypeptides facilitates the incorporation of various functional moieties to the polypeptides. This Review focuses on recent advances in stimuli-sensitive polypeptide-based materials that have been designed and evaluated for drug and gene delivery applications. In addition, recent developments in the preparation of stimuli-sensitive functionalized polypeptides are discussed.