gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient 1.06 and 1.34-&#x03BC;m laser emission of highly-doped Nd:YAG under 885-nm diode pumping into the emitting level (2006)

Based on the recent development of diode lasers covering the spectral range from 800 to 1000 nm, we report in this work efficient laser emission at 1.06 and 1.34-/spl mu/m in highly-doped Nd:YAG under diode-pumping into the emitting level. In conclusion, the results of this work demonstrate that diode laser pumping into the emitting level of concentrated Nd laser materials is a solution for construction of efficient micro-lasers and for scaling to high power.
The Ramsey numbers R(K_3, K_8 - e) and R(K_3, K_9 - e) (1990)

We give a general construction of a triangle free graph on 4p points whose complement does not contain K_p+2 - e for p &gt;= 4. This implies the the Ramsey number R(K_3, K_k - e) &gt;= 4k - 7 for k &gt;= 6. We also present a cyclic triangle free graph on 30 points whose complement does not contain K_9 - e. The first construction gives lower bounds equal to the exact values of the corresponding Ramsey number for k = 6, 7 and 8. the upper bounds are obtained by using computer algorithms. In particular, we obtain two new values of Ramsey numbers R(K_3, K_8 - e) = 25 and R(K_3, K_9 - e) = 31, the bounds 36 &lt;= R(K_3, K_10 - e) &lt;= 39, and the uniqueness of extremal graphs for Ramsey numbers R(K_3, K_6 - e) and R(K_3, K_7 - e).
Motion of Charged Particles near Magnetic Field Discontinuities (2000)

The motion of charged particles in slowly changing magnetic fields exhibits adiabatic invariance even in the presence of abrupt magnetic discontinuities. Particles near discontinuities in magnetic fields, what we call ''boundary particles'', are constrained to remain near an arbitrarily fractured boundary even as the particle drifts along the discontinuity. A new adiabatic invariant applies to the motion of these particles.
Agricultural Engineering Studies meeting the FEANI and EurAgEng criteria (2004)

The Institute of Agriculture of the University of Malta is a relative new member in this network. Due to the recent inclusion, we were absent for the 1st USAEE workshop held in Madrid. Nonetheless, a concise description of changes and modifications that took place at the University of Malta will be present.
Supplementary Table 4 from Detection of Redundant Fusion Transcripts as Biomarkers or Disease-Specific Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table 4 from Detection of Redundant Fusion Transcripts as Biomarkers or Disease-Specific Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer
Performance enhancement of partially and fully depleted strained-SOI MOSFETs (2006)

The authors have developed short-channel strained-silicon-on-insulator (strained-SOI) MOSFETs on silicon-germanium (SiGe)-on-insulator (SGOI) substrates fabricated by the Ge condensation technique. 35-nm-gate-length strained-SOI MOSFETs were successfully fabricated. The strain in Si channel is still maintained for the gate length of 35 nm. The performance enhancement of over 15% was obtained in 70-nm-gate-length strained-SOI n-MOSFETs. Fully depleted strained-SOI MOSFETs with back gate were successfully fabricated on SGOI substrate with SiGe layers as thin as 25 nm. The back-gate bias control successfully operated and the higher current drive was obtained by a combination of the low doping channel and the back-gate control.
The effect of gastric electrical stimulation on canine gastric slow waves (2003)

This study determined the most efficient parameters of low-frequency/long-pulse gastric electrical stimulation (GES) required to entrain gastric slow waves and also evaluated the effect of entrainment and high-frequency, short-pulse GES on gastric electrical activity (GEA). Nine dogs were fitted with stimulation wires along the greater curvature. Entrainment was observed in six or seven animals, with long-pulse GES at six cycles per minute (cpm), at various combinations of current and pulse width and was directly related to the energy delivered. Entrainment was observed in four to seven animals, with GES at 12 cpm, and the maximal driven frequency was 6 cpm. Entrainment did not significantly increase the dominant power of GEA. High-frequency, short-pulse GES, using pulse trains of 14 Hz, 5 mA, and 330 micros, with 0.1 s on and 5 s off, and pulse trains of 40 Hz, 10 mA, and 330 micros, with 2 s on 3 s off, did not affect variables of GEA. We conclude that acute low-frequency GES but not high-frequency, short-pulse GES can entrain slow waves; the power of slow waves is not affected by either type of stimulation.
<title>Computerized detection of mammographic lesions: performance of artificial neural network with enhanced feature extraction</title> (1995)

Artificial neural networks have been applied to the differentiation of masses from false- positive detections in digital mammograms. A database of 110 pairs of digital mammograms containing a total of 102 masses (54 malignant, 48 benign) was utilized in this study. Three- hundred-two false positive regions were selected from these images to be used in the training of the artificial neural network. Over 90 features were calculated for both the true masses and the false positives. Features that showed the most separation, in a one-dimensional analysis, between true positives and false positives were selected for artificial neural network input. A three level feed-forward neural network was used with one input layer, one hidden layer and an output layer. By varying the structure and learning rate of the neural network an optimal structure was found. The performance of the ANN was evaluated by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) analysis. Results from a round robin evaluation yielded an Az of 0.97 in the task of differentiating between masses and false-positive detections. In the future, multi-dimensional feature analysis will be performed to obtain the optimal performance using a combination of rule-based decision making along with artificial neural networks.
Odometry Estimation from Sparse LiDAR Point Cloud Constrained by Image Feature Correspondence (2021)

Estimation of translation between consecutive frames, i.e., odometry, plays an important role in autonomous navigation. This paper presents an odometry estimation method using sparse LiDAR points and image feature points. In case of sparse LiDAR measurements, it is difficult to accurately estimate depth at image feature points. Image feature points with low-accuracy depth cause misconvergence in odometry optimization. To improve the robustness to the misconvergence, a new method with a Gaussian process that estimates not only the depth at image feature points but also the variance is proposed. By using this variance, it estimates the residual of image features in the world coordinate with depth, or in the image coordinate without depth. This allows more accurate and robust estimation than conventional methods in case of sparse LiDAR points. In an experiment with simulated sparse LiDAR points from the KITTI dataset, the proposed method is confirmed to estimate the odometry more accurately than conventional methods.
Physiologically regulated transgenic ABCA1 does not reduce amyloid burden or amyloid-β peptide levels in vivo (2007)

ABCA1-deficient mice have low levels of poorly lipidated apolipoprotein E (apoE) and exhibit increased amyloid load. To test whether excess ABCA1 protects from amyloid deposition, we crossed APP/PS1 mice to ABCA1 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice. Compared with wild-type animals, the ABCA1 BAC led to a 50% increase in cortical ABCA1 protein and a 15% increase in apoE abundance, demonstrating that this BAC supports modest ABCA1 overexpression in brain. However, this was observed only in animals that do not deposit amyloid. Comparison of ABCA1/APP/PS1 mice with APP/PS1 controls revealed no differences in levels of brain ABCA1 protein, amyloid, Abeta, or apoE, despite clear retention of ABCA1 overexpression in the livers of these animals. To further investigate ABCA1 expression in the amyloid-containing brain, we then compared ABCA1 mRNA and protein levels in young and aged cortex and cerebellum of APP/PS1 and ABCA1/APP/PS1 animals. Compared with APP/PS1 controls, aged ABCA1/APP/PS1 mice exhibited increased ABCA1 mRNA, but not protein, selectively in cortex. Additionally, ABCA1 mRNA levels were not increased before amyloid deposition but were induced only in the presence of extensive Abeta and amyloid levels. These data suggest that an induction of ABCA1 expression may be associated with late-stage Alzheimer's neuropathology.
Electromechanical decoupled model for cantilever-beam piezoelectric energy harvesters (2016)

Analysis of cantilever-based piezoelectric energy harvesting systems is usually performed using coupled equations that represent the mechanical displacement and the voltage output. These equations are then solved simultaneously. In contrast to this representation, we use analytical solutions of the governing equation to derive an algebraic equation of the power as a function of the beam displacement, electromechanical coefficients, and the load resistance. Such an equation can be more useful in the design of such harvesters. Particularly, the mechanical displacement is computed from a mechanical governing equation with modified natural frequency and damping ratio that account for the electromechanical coupling. The voltage and the harvested power are then obtained by relating them directly to the mechanical displacement. We validate the proposed analysis by comparing its solution including the tip displacement and harvested power with those of numerical simulations of the governing equations. To demonstrate the generality of the proposed approach, we consider the cases of base excitation, galloping, and autoparametric vibration. The model proposed in this study simplifies the electromechanical coupling problem for practical applications of cantilever-beam piezoelectric energy harvesting systems.
Acid phosphatase activity in human semen (1979)

Acid phosphatase activity was examined in normal and abnormal human semen of individuals not suffering from testosterone deficiency. No differences in enzymatic activity between the examined groups were observed. The presence of tartaric acid caused an inhibition of about 95% of enzymatic activity.
Two-dimensional wave field decomposition using circular microphone arrays and its application to acoustic source localization (2004)

Two-dimensional wave fields can be used as reasonable models for propagating acoustic sound fields in closed rooms where ceiling and floor reflections are sufficiently attenuated. A natural way of analyzing a 2D wave field is to decompose it into an orthogonal set of eigensolutions to the acoustic wave equation in cylindrical coordinates, i.e., the cylindrical harmonics. These harmonics can be shown to be the coefficients of a Fourier series expansion applied along a circular aperture that is located within the 2D wave field under observation. Circular microphone arrays and, in particular, microphones mounted in a rigid cylindrical baffle that perform the cylindrical harmonics decomposition will be presented and its advantages and limitations will be discussed. As a specific example for utilizing the wave field decomposition approach, its application to acoustic source localization will be considered. By exploiting structural similarities between the response of linear microphone arrays and the decomposed response of circular microphone arrays, most well-known subspace tracking algorithms can be applied to this problem with only minor modifications. It will be shown that acoustic source localization based on wave field decomposition has the potential to track multiple simultaneously active sources in the array’s full 360° field of view.
Dynamics of feedback-controlled Nd:YAG laser and its application for digital scan laser (1970)

The dynamics of a feedback-controlled Nd:YAG laser are examined. By introducing feedback-loss control in a Nd:YAG scan laser, the undesirable transient behavior of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> -switching operation is avoided, increasing the switching speed of the scan laser up to the megahertz range.
Abstract 14463: Elevated Bone Marrow Derived Stromal Cell Derived Factor-1 Is Associated With Mortality in Heart Failure (2016)

Background: Bone marrow-derived cells are functionally exhausted in patients with chronic heart failure. We hypothesized that chronic heart failure is associated with impairment of the bone marrow niche. Stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is an essential regulator of bone marrow cell function. Therefore, we evaluated whether bone marrow derived SDF-1 is associated with prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods and Results: SDF-1 levels were determined in bone marrow plasma of 188 patients with chronic heart failure, who were enrolled in the Frankfurt Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Therapy Registry. Within a 5-year follow-up period 52 patients died. In a sub-cohort of 50 patients we further evaluated SDF-1 levels determined in peripheral blood samples. Bone marrow plasma and peripheral blood SDF-1 levels were closely correlated (r=0.6, p<0.001). SDF-1 levels in bone marrow plasma were almost twice as high as in peripheral blood. Bone marrow SDF-1 levels were inversely correlated with left vent...
Photodetection in Hybrid Single-Layer Graphene/Fully Coherent Germanium Island Nanostructures Selectively Grown on Silicon Nanotip Patterns (2015)

Dislocation networks are one of the most principle sources deteriorating the performances of devices based on lattice-mismatched heteroepitaxial systems. We demonstrate here a technique enabling fully coherent germanium (Ge) islands selectively grown on nanotip-patterned Si(001) substrates. The silicon (Si)-tip-patterned substrate, fabricated by complementary metal oxide semiconductor compatible nanotechnology, features ∼50-nm-wide Si areas emerging from a SiO2 matrix and arranged in an ordered lattice. Molecular beam epitaxy growths result in Ge nanoislands with high selectivity and having homogeneous shape and size. The ∼850 °C growth temperature required for ensuring selective growth has been shown to lead to the formation of Ge islands of high crystalline quality without extensive Si intermixing (with 91 atom % Ge). Nanotip-patterned wafers result in geometric, kinetic-diffusion-barrier intermixing hindrance, confining the major intermixing to the pedestal region of Ge islands, where kinetic diffusion barriers are, however, high. Theoretical calculations suggest that the thin Si/Ge layer at the interface plays, nevertheless, a significant role in realizing our fully coherent Ge nanoislands free from extended defects especially dislocations. Single-layer graphene/Ge/Si-tip Schottky junctions were fabricated, and thanks to the absence of extended defects in Ge islands, they demonstrate high-performance photodetection characteristics with responsivity of ∼45 mA W(-1) and an Ion/Ioff ratio of ∼10(3).
An overview of novel non-probabilistic approaches for non-deterministic dynamic analysis (2005)

status: Published
Expression of CXC chemokine receptor-4 enhances the pulmonary metastatic potential of murine B16 melanoma cells. (2002)

The chemokine receptors CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 7 and CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 4 have been implicated in cancer metastasis. To evaluate whether CXCR4 is sufficient to increase tumor metastasis in an organ-specific manner, we transduced murine B16 melanoma cells with CXCR4 (CXCR4-B16) and followed the metastatic fate of the transduced cells in both i.v. and s.c. inoculation models of metastasis. CXCR4-B16 cells demonstrated marked increases (>10-fold) in pulmonary metastasis compared with vector (pLNCX2)-B16 after i.v. and s.c. inoculation of tumor cells. The increase in metastasis could be completely inhibited by T22, a small peptide antagonist of CXCR4. As early as 24 and 48 h after i.v. injection, CXCR4-B16 cells were significantly increased in the lung compared with control B16 cells by 5- and 10-fold (P < 0.05), respectively. CXCR4-B16 cells adhered better to both dermal and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells relative to control B16 cells. Moreover, CXCL12 promoted the growth of CXCR4-B16 cells in vitro. Whereas expression of CXCR4 in B16 cells dramatically enhanced pulmonary metastasis, metastasis to the lymph nodes, liver, and kidney was rare. Immunohistochemical staining of both primary human cutaneous melanoma and pulmonary metastases revealed CXCR4 expression. Thus, CXCR4 plays a potentially important role in promoting organ-selective metastasis, possibly by stimulating tumor adhesion to microvascular endothelial cells and by enhancing the growth of tumor cells under stress.
Sensor Fusion of Vision, Kinetics, and Kinematics for Forward Prediction During Walking With a Transfemoral Prosthesis (2021)

Powered lower limb prostheses utilize activity specific controllers, where predicting desired activity and transitioning in a timely manner is essential for seamless locomotion without trips. Previously research considered EMG and mechanical sensors for these predictions; however, predictability must be improved to ensure safe usage. Previously we showed that combining features from mechanical sensors, EMG and Vision yielded greater repeatability, greater separability and lower variability. Here we compare performance of offline forward prediction systems combining these different sensor modalities. We trained and tested subject-specific classifiers for steady-state and transition steps, with data from 8 able-bodied subjects, 4 able-bodied subjects walking with a powered knee-ankle prosthesis using a bypass socket, and a single transfemoral amputee walking with a knee-ankle prosthesis. Fusing Mechanical, EMG, and Vision features produced the best classification for all subjects, with transition error rates in the range of 1% and steady-state error rates close to 0%. Though generalizability was good across able-bodied subjects, it was poor when training with able-bodied or bypass subjects and testing with our amputee subject, regardless of sensor modality, particularly for transition steps. Therefore, we believe a general classifier will require inclusion of amputee training data. Future work will test more subjects and continue development of a general control system.
Preparation and Properties oftrans-Pd(Ar)(C⋮CPh)(PEt3)2. Intermolecular Alkynyl Ligand Transfer between Copper(I) and Palladium(II) Complexes Relevant to Palladium Complex Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Terminal Alkyne with Haloarene in the Presence of CuI Cocatalyst (1997)

trans-Pd(C6H4Me-p)(I)(PEt3)2 (2a) reacts with [Cu(C⋮CPh)(PPh3)]4 (Pd:Cu = 1:1) at room temperature to give the cross-coupling product PhC⋮CC6H4Me-p (3a) in 74% yield. Reactions of 2a with [Cu(C⋮CPh)(PPh3)]4 at −30 °C as well as of trans-Pd(C6H4X-p)(I)(PEt3)2 (2a, X = Me; 2b, X = OMe; 2c, X = F) with the alkynylcopper complex and additional PPh3 (2 mol/mol of Cu) at room temperature give mixtures of PhC⋮CC6H4X-p (3a, X = Me; 3b, X = OMe; 3c, X = F) and trans-Pd(C6H4X-p)(C⋮CPh)(PEt3)2 (4a, X = Me; 4b, X = OMe; 4c, X = F). Complexes 4a,b have been isolated from the latter reaction mixtures and fully characterized. Pd−C(alkynyl) and Pd−C(aryl) bond distances in 4a are 2.016(8) and 2.062(7) Å, respectively. Addition of CuI to a solution of 4a at room temperature causes complete conversion of 4a into 2a and 3a in 1 h. The relative molar ratio between 2a and 4a after reaction for 2 h varies, depending on the amount of added PPh3. Reactions of trans-Pt(C6H4X-p)(I)(PEt3)2 (5b, X = OMe; 5c, X = F) with [Cu(C⋮CPh)(PPh3)]4 at room temperature afford trans-Pt(C6H4X-p)(C⋮CPh)(PEt3)2 (6b, X = OMe; 6c, X = F), respectively. Heating an equimolar mixture of 4a and 5b at 35−50 °C leads to inter-metal exchange of the alkynyl and iodo ligands, giving 2a and 6b quantitatively. The reaction follows the kinetics that is first order in concentration of 4a and in that of 5b. The kinetic parameters are obtained as ΔH⧧ = 110 kJ mol-1, ΔS⧧ = −58 J mol-1 deg-1, and ΔG⧧ = 127 kJ mol-1 at 298 K. The alkynyl ligand migration from Pd(II) to Pt(II) is enhanced by addition of a catalytic amount of CuI.
A New Algorithm for the Detection of Faults in Permanent Magnet Machines (2006)

Most condition monitoring techniques are based on steady state analysis. However, machines typically operate under transient conditions thus prompting the development of non-stationary fault detection techniques. In this paper, the steady state analysis technique (motor current signature analysis) is extended to a new non-stationary fault detection technique to detect several different faults in a low-voltage high current PMSM. It will be shown that the motor current signature analysis (MCSA) technique cannot be applied directly to machines operating under transient conditions. The new technique, which is based on an adaptive algorithm capable of extracting non-stationary sinusoids, is able to extract fault information during transient operation of the machine
A Longitudinal Motor Characterisation of the HdhQ111 Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease (2016)

The HdhQ111 heterozygous mouse demonstrates a subtle and progressive motor phenotype that begins at 9 months of age. This mouse model represents an early disease stage and would be ideal for testing therapeutic strategies that require elongated lead-in times, such as viral gene therapies or striatal transplantation.
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 levels vary exponentially over a physiologically relevant range of O2 tension (1996)

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric basic helix-loop-helix protein implicated in the transcriptional activation of genes encoding erythropoietin, glycolytic enzymes, and vascular endothelial growth factor in hypoxic mammalian cells. In this study, we have quantitated HIF-1 DNA-binding activity and protein levels of the HIF-1 alpha and HIF-1 beta subunits in human HeLa cells exposed to O2 concentrations ranging from 0 to 20% in the absence or presence of 1 mM KCN to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and cellular O2 consumption. HIF-1 DNA-binding activity, HIF-1 alpha protein and HIF-1 beta protein each increased exponentially as cells were subjected to decreasing O2 concentrations, with a half maximal response between 1.5 and 2% O2 and a maximal response at 0.5% O2, both in the presence and absence of KCN. The HIF-1 response was greatest over O2 concentrations associated with ischemic/hypoxic events in vivo. These results provide evidence for the involvement of HIF-1 in O2 homeostasis and represent a functional characterization of the putative O2 sensor that initiates hypoxia signal transduction leading to HIF-1 expression.
Observer Design for Electronic Suspension Applications* (1994)

SUMMARY This paper proposes a new methodology for designing observers for automotive suspensions. Automotive suspensions are disturbance-affected dynamic systems. Semi-active suspensions are bilinear while active suspensions with hydraulic actuators are nonlinear. The proposed methodology guarantees exponentially convergent state estimation for both these systems. It uses easily accessible and inexpensive measurements. The fact that sprung mass absolute velocity of the suspension cannot be estimated in an exponentially stable manner with such measurements is also demonstrated. Controllers using estimated states are implemented experimentally on the Berkeley Active Suspension Test Rig. Experimental results for two cases are presented : use of observer states to improve ride quality in an active suspension and use of observer states to reduce dynamic tire loading in a semi-active heavy vehicle suspension.