gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of interferon- gamma production by human natural killer cells stimulated by hydrogen peroxide. (1985)

Interferon (IFN)-inducing activity of hydrogen peroxide in human peripheral mononuclear cells was investigated. Among the mononuclear cells, purified nonadherent cells produced IFN, but not B cells and monocytes. The maximal titer of IFN by purified nonadherent cells was observed after a 72-hr cultivation in the presence of 10(-2) mM H2O2 without affecting their viability. Furthermore, the purified nonadherent cells, but not the unpurified mononuclear cells, showed an augmented cytotoxicity to K562 when stimulated with hydrogen peroxide. By using Percoll discontinuous density gradient centrifugation, peripheral blood nonphagocytic and nonadherent mononuclear cells were divided into the low and high density fractions for which natural killer (NK) cells and T cells were enriched, respectively. The NK-enriched low density fractions, but not the T cell-enriched high density fractions, showed IFN production by the stimulation of hydrogen peroxide. IFN production as well as large granular lymphocytes and HNK-1+, Leu-11+ cells of the NK-enriched fractions were abrogated by treatment of the cells with monoclonal antibody against human NK cells (HNK-1+) but not against T cells (OKT3) in the presence of complement. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide-inducing IFN production seems to be regulated by monocytes. The antiserum neutralizing IFN-alpha and IFN-beta failed to neutralize substantially IFN-produced NK cells. The treatment with either pH 2 or antiserum-neutralizing human IFN-gamma resulted in marked reduction, indicating that a major part of IFN was IFN-gamma. The purified nonadherent cells showed IFN production and augmented cytotoxicity when cultured separately from activated macrophages by opsonized zymosan; furthermore, both IFN production and enhancement of cytotoxicity were abrogated by catalase. These results suggest that both exogenous and endogenous hydrogen peroxide might be responsible for a part of immunoregulation.
Mathematics of the total alkalinity–pH equation – pathway to robust and universal solution algorithms: the SolveSAPHE package v1.0.1 (2013)

Abstract. The total alkalinity–pH equation, which relates total alkalinity and pH for a given set of total concentrations of the acid–base systems that contribute to total alkalinity in a given water sample, is reviewed and its mathematical properties established. We prove that the equation function is strictly monotone and always has exactly one positive root. Different commonly used approximations are discussed and compared. An original method to derive appropriate initial values for the iterative solution of the cubic polynomial equation based upon carbonate-borate-alkalinity is presented. We then review different methods that have been used to solve the total alkalinity–pH equation, with a main focus on biogeochemical models. The shortcomings and limitations of these methods are made out and discussed. We then present two variants of a new, robust and universally convergent algorithm to solve the total alkalinity–pH equation. This algorithm does not require any a priori knowledge of the solution. SolveSAPHE (Solver Suite for Alkalinity-PH Equations) provides reference implementations of several variants of the new algorithm in Fortran 90, together with new implementations of other, previously published solvers. The new iterative procedure is shown to converge from any starting value to the physical solution. The extra computational cost for the convergence security is only 10–15% compared to the fastest algorithm in our test series.
PASPA: a web server for mRNA poly(A) site predictions in plants and algae (2015)

Polyadenylation is an essential process during eukaryotic gene expression. Prediction of poly(A) sites helps to define the 3' end of genes, which is important for gene annotation and elucidating gene regulation mechanisms. However, due to limited knowledge of poly(A) signals, it is still challenging to predict poly(A) sites in plants and algae. PASPA is a web server for P: oly( A: ) S: ite prediction in P: lants and A: lgae, which integrates many in-house tools as add-ons to facilitate poly(A) site prediction, visualization and mining. This server can predict poly(A) sites for ten species, including seven previously poly(A) signal non-characterized species, with sensitivity and specificity in a range between 0.80 and 0.95.
Percutaneous pulmonary angioscopy using a guiding balloon catheter (1988)

The applicability of angioscopy for observation of the pulmonary arterial lumen was examined in 7 anesthetized dogs and in 10 patients with various heart diseases during cardiac catheterization. A novel guiding balloon catheter (#11F shaft diameter and 1.5 cm in balloon diameter) was introduced through the right femoral vein into the pulmonary artery by Seldinger's method. Then, a fiberscope (1.3 or 1.8 mm in diameter) was introduced through the guiding catheter into the desired portion of the artery. The balloon was inflated, saline was infused, and the pulmonary arterial lumen was photographed on 16-mm color cinefilms. In all dogs and patients examined, an increase in diameter of the pulmonary artery during systole and the backflow of blood from the pulmonary vein were clearly demonstrated. Also, pulmonary thrombi or emboli experimentally induced in dogs could be observed. No complications were observed in the patients. The results indicate the experimental and clinical applicability of angioscopy using a guiding balloon catheter for observation of the pulmonary arterial lumen.
Corrigendum to “Novel Hybrid Gels Made of High and Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Induce Proliferation and Reduce Inflammation in an Osteoarthritis In Vitro Model Based on Human Synoviocytes and Chondrocytes” (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2019/4328219.].
Neural Processing of Gravito-Inertial Cues in Humans. IV. Influence of Visual Rotational Cues During Roll Optokinetic Stimuli (2003)

Sensory systems often provide ambiguous information. For example, otolith organs measure gravito-inertial force (GIF), the sum of gravitational force and inertial force due to linear acceleration. However, according to Einstein's equivalence principle, a change in gravitational force due to tilt is indistinguishable from a change in inertial force due to translation. Therefore the central nervous system (CNS) must use other sensory cues to distinguish tilt from translation. For example, the CNS might use dynamic visual cues indicating rotation to help determine the orientation of gravity (tilt). This, in turn, might influence the neural processes that estimate linear acceleration, since the CNS might estimate gravity and linear acceleration such that the difference between these estimates matches the measured GIF. Depending on specific sensory information inflow, inaccurate estimates of gravity and linear acceleration can occur. Specifically, we predict that illusory tilt caused by roll optokinetic cues should lead to a horizontal vestibuloocular reflex compensatory for an interaural estimate of linear acceleration, even in the absence of actual linear acceleration. To investigate these predictions, we measured eye movements binocularly using infrared video methods in 17 subjects during and after optokinetic stimulation about the subject's nasooccipital (roll) axis (60 degrees /s, clockwise or counterclockwise). The optokinetic stimulation was applied for 60 s followed by 30 s in darkness. We simultaneously measured subjective roll tilt using a somatosensory bar. Each subject was tested in three different orientations: upright, pitched forward 10 degrees, and pitched backward 10 degrees. Five subjects reported significant subjective roll tilt (>10 degrees ) in directions consistent with the direction of the optokinetic stimulation. In addition to torsional optokinetic nystagmus and after nystagmus, we measured a horizontal nystagmus to the right during and following clockwise (CW) stimulation and to the left during and following counterclockwise (CCW) stimulation. These measurements match predictions that subjective tilt in the absence of real tilt should induce a nonzero estimate of interaural linear acceleration and, therefore, a horizontal eye response. Furthermore, as predicted, the horizontal response in the dark was larger for Tilters (n = 5) than for Non-Tilters (n = 12).
Occurrence of Far-Red Light Photoacclimation (FaRLiP) in Diverse Cyanobacteria (2014)

Cyanobacteria have evolved a number of acclimation strategies to sense and respond to changing nutrient and light conditions. Leptolyngbya sp. JSC-1 was recently shown to photoacclimate to far-red light by extensively remodeling its photosystem (PS) I, PS II and phycobilisome complexes, thereby gaining the ability to grow in far-red light. A 21-gene photosynthetic gene cluster (rfpA/B/C, apcA2/B2/D2/E2/D3, psbA3/D3/C2/B2/ H2/A4, psaA2/B2/L2/I2/F2/J2) that is specifically expressed in far-red light encodes the core subunits of the three major photosynthetic complexes. The growth responses to far-red light were studied here for five additional cyanobacterial strains, each of which has a gene cluster similar to that in Leptolyngbya sp. JSC-1. After acclimation all five strains could grow continuously in far-red light. Under these growth conditions each strain synthesizes chlorophylls d, f and a after photoacclimation, and each strain produces modified forms of PS I, PS II (and phycobiliproteins) that absorb light between 700 and 800 nm. We conclude that these photosynthetic gene clusters are diagnostic of the capacity to photoacclimate to and grow in far-red light. Given the diversity of terrestrial environments from which these cyanobacteria were isolated, it is likely that FaRLiP plays an important role in optimizing photosynthesis in terrestrial environments.
Unrestricted access to methamphetamine or cocaine in the past is associated with increased current use (2009)

Laboratory animals allowed to self-administer stimulants for extended periods of time escalate drug intake compared to animals that self-administer under temporally limited conditions. To our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been systematically investigated in humans. We interviewed 106 (77 male, 29 female) methamphetamine (Meth) and 96 (81 male, 15 female) cocaine (Coc) users to determine if they had experienced discrete period(s) of unrestricted access to unlimited quantities of Meth or Coc in the past. Fifty-eight Meth users and 53 Coc users reported having a discrete period of unrestricted access in the past, but not in the present. Meth-using participants with a prior history of unrestricted access reported significantly more current Meth use, compared to Meth users with no prior history of unrestricted access. Specifically, these participants reported more days used in the past 30 d, more days of use per week, greater use per day and greater total use per week (p<0.05 for each). Coc-using participants with a prior history of unrestricted access also reported significantly more current Coc use, compared to Coc users with no prior history of unrestricted access. This was true across all measures of current use for these participants, including more days used in the past 30 d, more days of use per week, greater use per day, and higher total use per week (p<0.02 for each). Taken together, these results suggest that a history of unrestricted access to stimulants is associated with long-lasting increases in stimulant use.
Retrospective registration of X‐ray angiograms with MR images by using vessels as intrinsic landmarks (1994)

Conventional x-ray angiography (XRA) images are projections of the vasculature with high spatial and temporal resolution, while magnetic resonance (MR) angiography (MRA) and MR imaging data show the three-dimensional locations of vessels relative to brain parenchyma. The authors have developed a retrospective method of registering these studies, which makes it practical to produce multimodality displays of this complementary information. Registration was performed by matching vessels seen on both XRA and MRA images. First, the authors determined the coordinates of the center lines of a few "landmark" vessels on the XRA image and the three-dimensional locations of the corresponding intraluminal voxels in the MRA volume. Registration was performed by rotating and translating the MRA-MR imaging volume until the perspective projection of the MRA landmark vessels matched the corresponding vessel center lines on the XRA image. Experiments with phantoms and patients indicated that the two studies were registered with an average error of less than 2 mm. A linked-cursor display was developed to show correspondence between points on the registered XRA and MRA-MR images.
Early Predictors for INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation Failure in Preterm Infants with Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review (2019)

The INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation (INSURE) procedure is a widely-used surfactant administration method to treat preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) but is not always successful. We conducted a systematic review to identify early predictive factors for failure of this procedure. A systematic literature search was performed until July 2018 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Original studies comparing INSURE success with INSURE failure in preterm infants with RDS were included. A predefined data extraction form was used to retrieve data from articles, and methodological quality was assessed using the SIGN checklists. Fifteen studies out of 690 identified records met inclusion criteria. Methodological quality varied, only 8 studies performed multivariate analysis. We identified 20 different risk factors in total. Evidence for birth weight (BW) as a predictor for INSURE failure was inconsistent, but there was a significant association between decreasing gestational age (GA) and failure risk. RDS severity was assessed in multiple ways, using arterial blood gas values, imaging, and scoring systems. In conclusion, extremely low BW, low GA, and severe RDS appear to be risk factors for INSURE failure. However, evidence is inconsistent due to important methodological heterogeneity. Therefore, clinical applicability of these results is limited and implies the need for future large cohort studies on this subject.
Processing, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of cereal protein/poly(hydroxyl ester ether) blends (2002)

Abstract Blends of poly(hydroxy ester ether) (PHEE), a recently developed bisphenol A ether‐based synthetic biodegradable thermoplastic polymer, with a soybean protein isolate and two hydrolyzed wheat glutens were studied. Blends of the proteins with PHEE were produced from 20 to 70% by weight of protein content. Young's moduli of the protein/PHEE blends fall in the range of 0.8–1.5 GPa with tensile strengths ranging from 10 to 30 MPa. Critical stress‐intensity factors of the blends ranged from 2 to 9 MPa‐m 1/2 depending on the amount of protein added. Morphological analysis indicated a moderate degree of adhesion between the protein and PHEE phases in the blends. In general, as the protein content was increased the materials lost ductility and failed in a brittle manner; however, the mechanical properties of several compositions were comparable to commercial thermoplastics such as polystyrene. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2324–2332, 2002
THE TREATMENT OF ANTHRAX (1941)

Although the incidence and fatality of human anthrax has decreased in this country during the past ten years, it still remains one of the chief problems of certain industries. Dr. H. F. Smyth, prominent authority on this subject, expressed the belief that the reduced incidence of anthrax is apparent rather than real, since the last ten years have been years of depression, and consequently there has been a reduced number of employees in the industries which usually account for the cases of human anthrax. Then, too, the information obtained from many states is still incomplete and inadequate. Indeed, the records of one of the states do not distinguish between animal and human anthrax. The fatality rate for this disease is still high, being more than 16 per cent for the five year period 1934-1938, although this was 6 per cent less than the rate in the preceding five year period.
Structural characterization of spherical octadecavanadates encapsulating Cl? and H2O (1996)

Spherical octadecavanadate complexes K9.5[H3.5V18O42Cl]·11.5H2O 1 and K10[H2V18O42(H2O)]·16H2O 2 have been photochemically prepared by self-assembly of the components in solution under ambient conditions, and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, crystal structure determinations and magnetic susceptibility measurements. They consist of (VO)18O24 shells encapsulating Cl– and H2O at the centre, respectively. Each shell is composed of eighteen edge-sharing VIVO5 square pyramids and has approximate D4d symmetry. The inner diameter of the shell is 0.1–0.2 Å smaller for 1 than for 2. This can be explained by the electrostatic attraction between VIV and Cl– which results in shorter VIV⋯ VIV distances due to weakening of the electrostatic repulsion between VIV atoms, and is reflected in both the IR spectra and magnetic properties. The V–O–V vibrational stretching modes for 1 are shifted to slightly higher wavenumbers. The magnetic susceptibility, which shows a strong coupling within the VIV⋯ VIV pairs in the two anions which leaves six to four VIV atoms uncoupled at 50 ⩽T⩽ 300, is also slightly higher for 1.
Synthesis and Lithium Fast-Ion Conductivity of a New Complex Hydride Li3(NH2)2I with Double-Layered Structure (2010)

The new complex hydride Li3(NH2)2I exhibiting fast-ion conduction is reported. Li3(NH2)2I has the characteristic double-layered structure with a = 7.09109(5) Å and c = 11.50958(10) Å (P63mc). Because of the unique crystal structure, Li3(NH2)2I exhibits fast-ion conductivity of 1 × 10−5 S/cm at 296 K.
A Novel Cell Reselection Method in the Scenario of Multi-RAT (2013)

In order to reduce the number of unnecessary UE (User Equipment) cell reselection in Multi-RAT (Multi-Radio Access Technology) that consists of 2G, 3G and LTE for energy saving, a new method on procedure of cell reselection according to UE preference based on priority level is proposed in this paper. Later, this method will impact the measurement action and UE energy saving. The simulation results prove that the proposed scheme shows significant performance improvement on reducing the number of cell reselection and also UE power consumption.
Complete band gaps in two-dimensional phononic crystal slabs (2006)

The propagation of acoustic waves in a phononic crystal slab consisting of piezoelectric inclusions placed periodically in an isotropic host material is analyzed. Numerical examples are obtained for a square lattice of quartz cylinders embedded in an epoxy matrix. It is found that several complete band gaps with a variable bandwidth exist for elastic waves of any polarization and incidence. In addition to the filling fraction, it is found that a key parameter for the existence and the width of these complete band gaps is the ratio of the slab thickness, d, to the lattice period, a. Especially, we have explored how these absolute band gaps close up as the parameter d/a increases. Significantly, it is observed that the band gaps of a phononic crystal slab are distinct from those of bulk acoustic waves propagating in the plane of an infinite two-dimensional phononic crystal with the same composition. The band gaps of the slab are strongly affected by the presence of cutoff frequency modes that cannot be excited in infinite media.
Interaction of Environmental Conditions: Role in the Reliability of Active Implantable Devices (2007)

Environmental conditions can have major influence on the lifetimes and reliability of active implantable medical devices (e.g., neurostimulators, cochlear implants, internal cardioverter defibrillators). These environmental conditions can range from those encountered by the device in processing and production to transportation and storage to actual operation. Although one might argue that the environmental conditions found in the first two situations are harsher than those of the third, failures that result from those situations are screened before implantation. If we assume that the active medical device is in perfect operational form at the time it is implanted, it will still experience a host of environmental conditions that can affect reliability. In fact, the ultimate goal of these medical devices is to restore the patient, wherever they may reside, to normal activities. A list of some environmental conditions that may be experienced by a device implanted in a representative patient is found in Table 1.
Human Abuse Liability of the Smoking Cessation Drug Varenicline in Smokers and Nonsmokers (2008)

Varenicline is an alpha(4)beta(2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist developed as an aid for smoking cessation. This study evaluated varenicline's potential for abuse by smokers (n = 23) and nonsmokers (n = 22). The study used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, double-dummy crossover design with five treatment periods: 15 and 30 mg amphetamine, 1 and 3 mg varenicline, and placebo. Following each treatment, the participants were assessed on aspects relating to potential abuse of the drug (e.g., drug liking, drug high, and drug monetary value). The positive effects measured for 3 mg varenicline were similar to those for the placebo, and significantly lower than those for amphetamine in both smokers and nonsmokers. Unpleasant effects were reported for 3 mg varenicline in both participant groups. For 1 mg varenicline, the overall patterns were similar, with the exception that the nonsmokers group showed some small positive effects balanced by some negative effects when compared with the effects of placebo. These findings lead to the conclusion that varenicline is unlikely to be abused.
LPS inhibits endothelin‐1 (ET‐1)‐mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation through the RhoA/Rho‐kinase (ROCK‐2) pathway in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) (2008)

The complex interactions among ET‐1, its receptors, caveolin and the components of the caveolae in the regulation of nitric oxide (NO) production are important determinants of hepatic functions in sepsis and endotoxemia. However, the exact mechanism following stresses such as endotoxin is unknown. We hypothesize that endotoxin disrupts ET‐1 signaling via RhoA and its downstream effector ROCK‐2 in hepatic SECs. In SECs isolated from Sprague‐Dawley rat livers, Western blot analysis indicated that LPS increased RhoA and ROCK‐2 expressions. The inhibition of ROCK‐2 using a competitive inhibitor Y27632 increased eNOS activity (1.61 ± 0.12), as measured by the conversion of [3H]‐L‐Arginine to [3H]‐L‐citrulline. Dose and time response experiments indicated that preincubation of 10 μM Y27632 in SECs for 30 min was most effective in enhancing eNOS activity in control media. In LPS, eNOS activity was not significantly increased by the treatment of ET‐1 (1.35 ± 0.11) or Y27632 alone (1.35 ± 0.17). However, the combined treatment of Y27632 and ET‐1 rescued eNOS activity in LPS (1.49 ± 0.14) associated with an upregulation of eNOS‐Ser1177 phosphorylation. Images from immunofluorescence confocal microscopy indicated that Y27632 inhibition of ROCK‐2 did not alter ROCK‐2 localization. These results suggest that upregulation of RhoA/ROCK‐2 may contribute to the inhibition of eNOS following LPS. Supported by R01 DK38201‐19