gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solanum lycopersicum cytokinin response factor (SlCRF) genes: characterization of CRF domain-containing ERF genes in tomato (2011)

Cytokinin is an influential hormone in growth and developmental processes across many plant species. While several cytokinin-regulated genes have been well characterized in Arabidopsis, few have been identified in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum. Here a tomato family of 11 highly related cytokinin response factor genes designated as SlCRF1-SlCRF11 (Solanum lycopersicum cytokinin response factor) are identified and characterized. SlCRFs are AP2/ERF transcription factors and generally orthologous to Arabidopsis CRF clade members (AtCRFs). Some SlCRF genes lack a direct Arabidopsis orthologue and one SlCRF has a unique protein domain arrangement not seen in any other CRF protein. Expression analysis of SlCRF1-SlCRF11 revealed differential patterns and levels across plant tissues examined (leaf, stem, root and flower). Several SlCRFs show induction by cytokinin to various degrees, similar to AtCRFs. Additionally it is shown that some SlCRFs can be regulated by other factors, including NaCl, ethylene, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid. Examination of SlCRF proteins in transient Agrobacterium infiltration experiments indicates they can be nuclear localized in planta. Using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (split-yellow fluorescent protein) system, it is also shown that SlCRF proteins can interact to form homo- and heterodimers. Overall this work indicates that some SlCRFs resemble previously identified CRFs in terms of structure, expression, and cytokinin regulation. However, SlCRFs have novel CRF protein forms and responses to abiotic factors, suggesting they may have a diverse set of roles in stress and hormone regulation in tomato.
Virtual Surface Characteristics of a Tactile Display Using Magneto-Rheological Fluids (2011)

Virtual surface characteristics of tactile displays are investigated to characterize the feeling of human touch for a haptic interface application. In order to represent the tactile feeling, a prototype tactile display incorporating Magneto-Rheological (MR) fluid has been developed. Tactile display devices simulate the finger's skin to feel the sensations of contact such as compliance, friction, and topography of the surface. Thus, the tactile display can provide information on the surface of an organic tissue to the surgeon in virtual reality. In order to investigate the compliance feeling of a human finger's touch, normal force responses of a tactile display under various magnetic fields have been assessed. Also, shearing friction force responses of the tactile display are investigated to simulate the action of finger dragging on the surface. Moreover, different matrix arrays of magnetic poles are applied to form the virtual surface topography. From the results, different tactile feelings are observed according to the applied magnetic field strength as well as the arrays of magnetic poles combinations. This research presents a smart tactile display technology for virtual surfaces.
Deformation in the heat affected zone during spot welding of a nickel-based single crystal (2003)

Constrained melting and solidification and associated thermal cycling during welding produces extensive microstructural changes. Such changes are observed during spot welding of single-crystal Ni-based superalloy TSM-75. Analysis of Laue diffraction patterns attained from the heat-affected-zone indicates the presence of a high density of dislocations. Dislocation rearrangement results in local rotations around the [100] direction, which is perpendicular to the temperature gradient. These dislocations exist over a large fraction of the heat-affected zone. The analyses also showed that the dislocation density was maximal near the fusion line and gradually decreases with an increase in the distance from the fusion line. The dislocation density increased with the cooling rate.
Epitaxial Oxides for GaN and AlGaN Power Electronics. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Methods of defining ontologies, word disambiguation methods, computer systems, and articles of manufacture (2023)

Methods of defining ontologies, word disambiguation methods, computer systems, and articles of manufacture are described according to some aspects. In one aspect, a word disambiguation method includes accessing textual content to be disambiguated, wherein the textual content comprises a plurality of words individually comprising a plurality of word senses, for an individual word of the textual content, identifying one of the word senses of the word as indicative of the meaning of the word in the textual content, for the individual word, selecting one of a plurality of event classes of a lexical database ontology using the identified word sense of the individual word, and for the individual word, associating the selected one of the event classes with the textual content to provide disambiguation of a meaning of the individual word in the textual content.
Alteration of intestinal tight junction structure and permeability by cytoskeletal contraction (1987)

Permeabilized intestinal absorptive cell brush borders contain a perijunctional ring of actin and myosin (PAMR) that can be induced to contract. Recently, morphological changes suggestive of PAMR contraction were shown to occur in absorptive cells of ileal epithelium after exposure to cytochalasin D (CD) (J. Cell Biol. 102: 2125-2136, 1986). With this response, altered tight junction structure and enhanced tight junction permeability also occur. To further assess the relationship between PAMR contraction and enhanced tight junction permeability, we examined the effect of the uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) on this CD response. Progressive depletion of functionally defined intraepithelial energy stores occurred with DNP concentrations of 0.1-1 mM. Such DNP concentrations did not independently impair tight junction barrier function. Depletion of energy stores before CD exposure ablated the ability of CD to induce abnormalities of tight junction permeability. Similarly, PAMR condensation and alterations in tight junction structure could be dissociated from CD exposure by prior depletion of functional energy reserves. These data tie CD elicited alterations in tight junction structure and permeability to an energy dependent event that appears to be PAMR contraction. We speculate that tensile forces within the PAMR regulate tight junction structure and function.
Electro-optic sampling using an aluminum gallium arsenide probe (1993)

We demonstrate a new electro-optic sampling probe with femtosecond resolution. The probe is a 7-μm-thick film of 80% AlGaAs used in both total internal reflecting and free-standing geometries. A thin-film probe eliminates many of the problems associated with the use of bulk crystals as electro-optic sensors.
ChemInform Abstract: Tin‐Hydride‐Mediated Radical Addition of Alkyl Halides to 2‐Methylene‐1,3‐dithiane Monoxide as a Ketene Equivalent. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Studying of non-stationary heating processes of self-heated hollow cathodes (1999)

In the article experimental results of non stationary processes of Self heated Hollow Cathodes (SHC) in current range from 5 up to 25 A studying are shown. Also results of running in, starting, transition processes in the SHC researching are presented. Scheme of SHC, which was tested, are shown. Main regularities of SHC temperature changing from starting up to operation regime (for SHC schemes, which are presented,) were calculated. Describing of laboratory vacuum stand equipment for SHC testing and investigation of its processes.
Definite vs Adjuvant Radiotherapy: Comparative Effects on Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma (1985)

• The recent association of alterations in T-lymphocyte subpopulations and impaired cellular immunity prompted an investigation of the effects of radiotherapy (RT) on serial levels of lymphocyte subsets in 30 patients with head and neck squamous carcinoma. Percentage and absolute levels of T3, T4, T6, T8, T10, T11, and Leu 7 cells were measured before, during, and after RT at monthly intervals for six months and compared with levels in 40 normal subjects. Sixteen patients received curative and 14 postoperative adjuvant RT. Before treatment, mean subset levels were similar among the patient and normal groups except for elevated Leu 7 (natural killer) cells in patients with stage I and II disease. There were profound decreases in absolute levels of each subpopulation during and after RT. The percentage of T4 (helper/inducer) cells decreased, whereas that of T8 (cytotoxic/suppressor) and Leu 7 cells tended to increase. Compared with normal values, the mean T4/T8 ratio decreased significantly by six months after RT, when absolute levels of the subsets had rebounded to pretreatment levels in the definitive RT group but remained profoundly decreased in the adjuvant group. The differing recovery patterns suggest that factors other than RT may contribute to persistent immunosuppression following RT. (<i>Arch Otolaryngol</i>1985;111:716-726)
USEFULNESS OF ULTRASOUND MONITORING OF HIP INSTABILITY IN NEWBORNS TREATED BY ABDUCTION (2008)

Purpose of the study: Prenatal screening and search for risk factors has lead to early diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia. The percent of excentration of the dysplastic hip can be quantified with ultrasonography. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasound monitoring of confirmed hip dysplasia as a method for determining the appropriate time to discontinue treatment. Material and methods: We collected a series of patients presenting unstable hips one month after birth. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed to quantify the instability. Initial treatment was forced abduction. If the infant’s weight was greater than 5.6 kg, a Pavlik harness was used. Physical examination and control ultrasound examinations were performed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Forced abduction and ultrasound surveillance were discontinued when the percent of acetabular cover was greater than 50%. Long-term surveillance consisted in physical examination and plain ap view of the pelvis at four months and at onset of walking. Results: Ultrasound monitoring was instituted for 71 hips in 51 patients. Mean age at onset of the monitoring scheme was 37.7 days (range 38–74 days). Mean acetabular cover, as evaluated by ultrasound before treatment, was 35.5% (range 20–45%). After four weeks, mean cover for 42 hips was 54.7% (range 50–85%). For the other 29 hips, mean acetabular cover was 41.4% (range 36–47%) at four weeks. At eight weeks, 26 of these 29 hips had a mean cover of 60% (52–85%). Acetabular cover remained below 50% for three hips at twelve weeks. Mean HTE at four months was 20.7° (range 10–26°). At walking, all hips were centered and no irregularities were noted on the x-rays of the femoral nucleus. Discussion: The majority of infants with unstable hips diagnosed at birth achieve spontaneous cure without treatment. For others, cure can be achieved with forced abduction but with a risk of osteochondritis. In our study, ultrasound monitoring enabled a reliable assessment of the proper moment to interrupt treatment. Conclusion: Ultrasound examination of the hip joint is a satisfactory method for monitoring hip dysplasia in infants aged less than four months. It appears to be useful for determining the moment to interrupt treatment.
Hydrogen peroxide in the human body (2000)

Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is widely regarded as a cytotoxic agent whose levels must be minimized by the action of antioxidant defence enzymes. In fact, H(2)O(2) is poorly reactive in the absence of transition metal ions. Exposure of certain human tissues to H(2)O(2) may be greater than is commonly supposed: substantial amounts of H(2)O(2) can be present in beverages commonly drunk (especially instant coffee), in freshly voided human urine, and in exhaled air. Levels of H(2)O(2) in the human body may be controlled not only by catabolism but also by excretion, and H(2)O(2) could play a role in the regulation of renal function and as an antibacterial agent in the urine. Urinary H(2)O(2) levels are influenced by diet, but under certain conditions might be a valuable biomarker of 'oxidative stress'.
Practical Disk-Based Method for Detection of Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates Producing the Fluoroquinolone-Modifying Enzyme AAC(6′)-Ib-cr (2011)

Since a fluoroquinolone-modifying enzyme gene, aac(6 ′ )-Ib-cr , was first reported in 2006, it has rapidly spread among Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates worldwide ([7][1]). AAC(6′)-Ib-cr differs from AAC(6′)-Ib by two amino acids, Trp102Arg and Asp179Tyr, and these substitutions allow it
Laser Assisted Additive Manufacturing of CPW mm-Wave Interdigital Capacitors (2018)

A new fabrication approach for passive lumped interdigital capacitors is demonstrated for integration in microwave and mm-wave systems. Laser machining is combined with fused deposition modeling and micro-dispensing in order to enhance the performance of additively manufactured (AM) passive devices. Capacitances up to 0.3 pF and 0.5 pF are achieved at 5 GHz and 30 GHz, respectively. Measured and simulated data from different devices show maximum Q-factors and self-resonant frequencies of 750 and 120 GHz, respectively, representing a significant improvement when compared with previously demonstrated AM passive elements.
Predatory and Mating Behaviour of Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff.) (Heteroptera:Pentatomidae) a Promising Natural Enemy of Lepidopterous Larvae (1993)

The carnivorous stink bug Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff.) is a polyphagous insect and is a potential biocontrol agent of several lepidopterous pests. The present study describes the predatory behaviour, the mechanism of feeding, intra-specific responses and cannibalism. The predators could withstand up to 72 h starvation and temperature upto 40°C. Females ingested more prey tissue than males. The efficient killing ability and polyphagy make E. furcellata a promising predator for biocontrol of lipidopterous larvae in -tropical and semi-tropical climates.
Field Mapping and Modeling of Terrestrial Lava Tube Magnetic Anomalies as an Analog for Lunar Lava Tube Exploration and Prospecting (2022)

Abstract Lava tubes are a commonplace feature on the terrestrial planets, and knowledge of tube size and location informs lava flow processes. Future exploration of lava tubes on the Moon can provide access to geologic environments that likely remain unaltered from their emplacement billions of years ago. Lunar lava tubes may also provide astronauts protection from thermal extremes, meteoroid impacts, and radiation. High‐resolution magnetic identification and characterization of lava tubes can be used to help inform future scientific investigations of lava tubes for human exploration and utilization. We demonstrate how magnetometry is useful for determining the geometry and extent of lava tubes on the Earth and, by proxy, the Moon, by relating the magnetic anomalies produced by lava tubes to their location and geomorphology. Using a proton‐precession total field magnetometer, we surveyed an area of more than 100,000 m 2 , with cross‐tube linear traverses spaced at 3–5 m, perpendicular to an approximately 1,000 m length of the Modoc Crater lava tube complex, within the Lava Beds National Monument (California, USA). The observed magnetic anomalies of the sections known as Incline, Skull, and Ship Caves are compared against synthetic predictions, and the sensitivity of the magnetic anomalies to the tube geometry used to derive a basic relationship between the two. We use our model of terrestrial lava tube magnetic anomalies and adjust for the lunar magnetic environment to predict the signature of anomalies resulting from tubes on the Moon.
Light-scattering properties of individual erythrocytes (1999)

We have studied the light-scattering properties of human erythrocytes both experimentally and theoretically. In the experimental study measurements were performed with a Scanning Flow Cytometer (SFC). The SFC can measure the light-scattering pattern (indicatrix) of an individual particle over an angular range of 10-60 degrees. We have observed polymorphism in the measured set of indicatrices. To understand the reason for this polymorphism, we have made a theoretical study of the scattering properties of erythrocytes. The Wentzel-Kramer-Brillouin approximation has been employed to calculate indicatrices of individual erythrocytes in different orientations relative to the incident light beam. The indicatrices were calculated over an angular range of 15-35 degrees. A comparison of the experimentally measured and theoretically calculated indicatrices shows that the polymorphism is due mainly to the different orientation of the erythrocytes in the flow. The effect caused by the Poiseuille profile of the flow on an individual erythrocyte within the SFC cuvette capillary was studied theoretically by use of the Stokes approximation. Rotation of an erythrocyte was predicted by this theoretical analysis, and this prediction was further verified by comparison with experimental results.
Polystyrene Particles Reveal Pore Substructure As They Translocate (2012)

In this article, we report resistive-pulse sensing experiments with cylindrical track-etched PET pores, which reveal that the diameters of these pores fluctuate along their length. The resistive pulses generated by polymer spheres passing through these pores have a repeatable pattern of large variations corresponding to these diameter changes. We show that this pattern of variations enables the unambiguous resolution of multiple particles simultaneously in the pore, that it can detect transient sticking of particles within the pore, and that it can confirm whether any individual particle completely translocates the pore. We demonstrate that nonionic surfactant has a significant impact on particle velocity, with the velocity decreasing by an order of magnitude for a similar increase in surfactant concentration. We also show that these pores can differentiate by particle size and charge, and we explore the influence of electrophoresis, electroosmosis, and pore size on particle motion. These results have practical importance for increasing the speed of resistive-pulse sensing, optimizing the detection of specific analytes, and identifying particle shapes.
Long-Chain Branching in Metallocene-Catalyzed Polyethylenes Investigated by Low Oscillatory Shear and Uniaxial Extensional Rheometry (2001)

This paper explores shear and extensional rheological behavior of unimodal, metallocene-catalyzed polyethylenes with low contents of long-chain branching (LCB). The polymers were produced in semibatch slurry polymerizations with methylaluminoxane (MAO) activated metallocene catalysts bis(n-butylcyclopentadienyl)hafnium dichloride (1), rac-[ethylenebis(2-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)indenyl)]zirconium dichloride (2), rac-[ethylenebis(1-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)indenyl)]zirconium dichloride (3), and rac-[ethylenebis(1-triisopropylsiloxy)indenyl)]zirconium dichloride (4). Melt properties in low oscillatory shear, in contrast to molecular weight and molecular weight distribution data from gel permeation chromatography, suggested that the polymers prepared with the ethylene-bridged complexes 2, 3, and 4 contain small but different amounts of LCB. In the melt uniaxial elongation experiments, the long-chain branched polymers exhibited strain hardening at all extension rates (rate range was from 1.0 to 0.01 s-1) with continual increase in strain hardening toward low strain rates. Unexpectedly, the behavior in LVE regime low shear and uniaxial elongation in the nonlinear range arranged the polymers in dissimilar order of apparently increasing LCB. Even though both these rheological techniques are sensitive to the molecular structure, they evidently reveal different features of it. Variation in the distribution (topology) of the long-chain branching due to differences in catalyst systems offers a plausible explanation of the differences in uniaxial elongation.
Integration of copper with low-k dielectrics for 0.13 μm technology (2003)

The integration of Cu with low-k dielectrics poses a number of challenges. In this paper, we describe yield issues associated with integration of three different low-k dielectrics; FSG (fluorosilicate glass), OSG (organosilicate glass), and polymers. Process issues that are discussed include patterning of the dielectrics, cleaning of the Cu surface, and Cu polishing.
Bacillus mojavensis RRC101 Lipopeptides Provoke Physiological and Metabolic Changes During Antagonism Against Fusarium verticilliodes. (2016)

The mycotoxigenic pathogen Fusarium verticillioides threatens the quality and utility of maize across industrial and agricultural purposes. Chemical control is complicated by the intimate endophytic lifestyle of the pathogen with its host. Bacillus mojavensis RRC101, a maize-endophytic bacterium, has been observed to reduce F. verticillioides disease severity and fumonisin accumulation when coinoculated to maize. Genome sequencing and annotation identified a number of biocontrol-relevant pathways in RRC101. Biochemical assays confirmed the presence and activity of surfactin- and fengycin-type lipopeptides, with fengycins responsible for antifungal activity against F. verticillioides. This antagonism manifests as inhibition of filamentous growth, with microscopy revealing hyphal distortions, vacuolization, and lysis. F. verticillioides secondary metabolism also responds to antagonism, with lipopeptide challenge inducing greater fumonisin production and, in the case of fengycins, eliciting pigment accumulation at sites of inhibition. Together, these data suggest that antibiotic and toxin production are components of a complex biochemical interaction among maize endophytes, one pathogenic and one beneficial.
Wetting properties of nonionics from branched fatty diamides (1988)

Abstract Low pressure oxyethylation of RNHCOR CONHR or RCONHCH 2 CH 2 NHCOR does not occur below 100 C where R represents branched aliphatic groups and R’ is 0–4 methylene groups or ‐CH=CH‐. These diamides add ethylene oxide at 140–170 C to give dark adducts highly contaminated with aminoester. The corresponding dihydroxyethyl derivatives undergo low pressure oxyethylation, yielding products with good room temperature solubility, low aminoester content and good wetting properties for cotton skeins and a hydrophobic soil. For these adduct series, most effective wetting was found with an ethylene oxide chain length of 8. For adducts based on fumaramide, excellent wetting properties were observed over a chain length range of 5–15 units. All adduct series effectively wet Idylwild hydrophobic soil at 0.01%, but no distinction was possible between series at the same concentration.