gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inoculation of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus into Cotton (1998)

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an economically important virus of many crops throughout the world. Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., has previously been demonstrated to be susceptible to TSWV (1). During the fall of 1996, cotton was assayed as a potential host of TSWV, as it is an important early season host of thrips vectors of TSWV. Four commercial cotton varieties (DP 20, DP 52, DP 5409, and HS 46) were screened for susceptibility to four isolates of TSWV: two from tobacco, one from pineapple, and one from dahlia. Greenhouse-grown plants in the first true leaf stage were inoculated mechanically. Mean percent infection ranged from 20 to 33% (x = 27%) across all cotton varieties screened against all virus isolates 21 days post-inoculation. TSWV was recovered through mechanical inoculation from double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS ELISA) positive cotton leaves in 83% of indicator plants, Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex Wight. Individual cotton plants testing TSWV ELISA positive were held for an additional 28 days with 4% of these again testing virus positive. The four cotton varieties were tested in the cotyledon, one-leaf, and four-leaf stages for susceptibility to tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca Hinds, transmission of one TSWV isolate from tobacco. First instar thrips were obtained from an avirulent colony. Mean percent infection among all varieties assayed was 10, 63, and 5%, respectively, for the three developmental stages. Cotton appears to be most susceptible in the one-leaf developmental stage with potential to serve as a source for TSWV spread to other crops. Reference: (1) G. L. Schuster and R. S. Haliwell. Plant Dis. 78:100, 1994.
SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF [C_5H_4C(CH_3)(C_3H_7)CH_2CH=CH_2]NdMg_2(μ_3-OH)(μ_3-Cl)(μ_2-Cl)_3(THF)_4Cl (1999)

The crystallographic data are as follows: space group P1-, a=12.698(2), b=13.616(3), c=13.712(3), α=68.91(3), β=84.34(3), γ=63.07(3)°, V=1966(1) 3, M r=849.74, D x=1.412 g·cm -3 , μ= 1.7297 mm -1 , F (000)=840, Z=2, R =0.073, w R=0.086(I≥3σ(I)). In this molecule the coodination number of Nd(Ⅲ) atom is 8 and the coordination geometry of Nd(Ⅲ) is a seriously distorted octahedron. The coordinations of Mg(1) and Mg(2) are similar, their coordination numbers are all 6 and their coordination geometries are all distorted octahedra. The three octahedra are linked up by three coplanes.
Fluss-Grundwasser-Interaktion = Interactions nappe-rivière (2006)

Betr. Hydrologie der Region Basel. Untersuchung des Austauschs zwischen Fluss- und Grundwasser im Gebiet Muttenz-Pratteln (Rhein), in der Wieseebene (Wiese) und im Birstal(Birs)
Inhibition of Coxsackievirus B3 cardiotropic strain Woodruff replication by silencing essential viral genes (2019)

Post-transcriptional gene silencing is an effective tool for viral replication control at the epigenetic level. In this study, we aimed to produce dsRNAs and siRNA pools targeting the genetic region for the viral protease 3C and the genetic region covering the sequences for VP1 and VP3 capsid proteins of the Coxsackievirus B3 cardiotropic Woodruff strain by the use of the polymerase complex of bacteriophage Phi6 in HEp-2 monolayer cells. The dsRNAs obtained in this study, specific for the 3C and VP1-VP3 genetic regions of the virus, were characterized by very low cytotoxicity (up to 200 nmol/L and 100 nmol/L, respectively) and high efficiency at silencing the target genes and blocking the enteroviral replication in vitro (93% and 60% reduction of the virus infected cells, respectively, at concentrations of 40 nmol/L). The generated pools of overlapping siRNAs targeting the 3C or VP1-VP3 genetic regions showed insignificant cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 200 nmol/L (< 3%) and higher efficacy than the corresponding dsRNAs. We managed to achieve 95% inhibition of the CVB3 Woodruff strain replication in vitro by using siRNAs specific for the 3C coding region of the virus at a concentration of 40 nmol/L, with no cytotoxicity.
Realisation of very short wet etched mirror lasers in GRINSCH-QW GaAs-based structure (2002)

Very short wet chemically etched mirror lasers reveal that devices show laser operation down till 29 /spl mu/m of cavity length at a threshold current of 70 mA, exhibiting an output power of 0.5 mW. These devices lase simultaneously at two or three different wavelengths namely around 855, 830 and 805 nm. The number of peaks is related to the current.
En Puerto Rico, un sí por un no: ¿querrá el Congreso estadounidense aceptar un quincuagésimo primer estado? (2013)

Despues de que fuera rechazada en tres ocasiones (en 1967, 1993 y 1998), los habitantes de la isla aprobaron finalmente la integracion de Puerto Rico en Estados Unidos, mediante un referendum cuya formulacion lanza la duda sobre las intenciones reales de los votantes.
Ultra‐High‐Strength Nanofibrillar Al2O3–YAG–YSZ Eutectics (2007)

Ceramic rods consisting of bundles of well-oriented, single-crystal whiskers of Al2O3, Y3Al5O12, and ZrO2 (20 mol % Y2O3) are grown by directional solidification from the melt at high growth rates in an inert atmosphere by using the laser-heated floating zone method. The nanofibrillar eutectic exhibits an outstanding bending strength (4.6 GPa) and resistance to crack propagation perpendicular to the fibers. The figure shows a TEM image of a longitudinal cross-section of the rod.
Targeting the tumor niche to treat cancer (2015)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Adaptive Array Employing Eigenvector Beam of Maximum Eigenvalue and Fractionally-Spaced TDL with Real Tap (2000)

This paper proposes a new digital beamforming adaptive array antenna (DBFAAA) that is effective in severe multipath environments in which timing and carrier synchronization circuits cannot function ideally resulting in the DBFAAA losing control. The proposed DBFAAA has two stages. In the first, the DBFAAA captures the desired signal and establishes synchronization. In the second, the DBFAAA optimizes the beam pattern of the signal. The proposed configuration employs an eigenvector beam of the maximum eigenvalue in the first stage beam-forming. In addition, a fractionally-spacedtapped -delay-line (FS-TDL) with real tap weights, which is placed after the beam-former, is applied to achieve timing synchronization. The behavior of the proposed DBFAAA for asynchronous sampling data is investigated and the results indicate that the proposed configuration enables asynchronous sampling at the A/D converter. A prototype of the proposed DBFAAA achieving 38-Mbps real-time data communication is introduced and the transmission performance is shown.
Estimation of Medium Permittivity for Subsurface Radar Imaging Based on Conditional Entropy Metrics (2005)

In order to obtain a high resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar image, the kinematic parameters of the target must be estimated in order to focus the image. Entropy metrics have been a popular technique to achieve good estimates. For subsurface radar imagery, the parameter needed for focusing purposes is the permittivity of the medium. Unlike airborne radar, subsurface back scattering occurs in a noisy environment and the use of this traditional metric does not yield good results. In this paper, the authors proposed the use of a denoising technique and a conditional entropy metric that overcomes the difficulties encounter when using an entropy calculation as a focal quality indicator
Reliability and Accuracy of Routine Inspection of Highway Bridges (2001)

Routine inspection is the most common type of highway bridge inspection completed to satisfy the requirements of the National Bridge Inspection Standards. Routine inspections of highway bridges are typically completed using only visual inspection (VI) and rely heavily on subjective assessments made by bridge inspectors. Given this practice and the fact that VI may have limitations that affect its reliability, the Federal Highway Administration completed a comprehensive study to examine the reliability of VI as it is currently practiced in the United States. The accuracy and reliability of condition ratings generated through routine inspections of six in-service and decommissioned highway bridges were studied. These timed inspections were completed in normal summer weather conditions under direct observation. To ensure that results from this study would be applicable to normal bridge inspections, state department of transportation bridge inspectors made up the study sample, which included 49 inspectors from 25 states, representing a diverse cross section of the bridge inspector population. Results of the study indicate that routine inspections are completed with significant variability. Specifically, 95 percent of primary bridge element condition ratings will vary within two rating points of the average, and only 68 percent of these ratings will vary within one rating point. Additionally, the National Bridge Inspection Standards definitions of condition rating may not be sufficiently refined to allow for reliable routine inspection results.
Melting behavior of continuously charged loose batch blankets in glass melting furnaces (1986)

The paper reports on numerical methodology for predicting the melting of a two-dimensional, axially fed glass batch blanket. In the absence of rheological data for commercial glass batch mixtures, it is assumed that each grain within batch acquires a horizontal velocity, which is constant and equal to that of charging speed throughout the transformation process. The vertical motion of batch is obtained from Newton's first law of motion by ignoring all the internal shear stresses in the vertical direction. During the transformation, the chemical reactions are simulated using modified form of Arrhenius equation. The gas percolation within the blanket is considered and the flow is predicted using Darcy's law, and heat exchange between gas and solid phase is accounted for. The formation of molten glass layer on the top of the blanket is modeled by appropriate transport equations, and the penetration of radiation from the combustion space incident on this semitransparent layer is approximated by spectral, two-flux equations. The system of equations is solved using the marching method of Patankar and Spalding [16]. The model is utilized to generate some sample results under idealized conditions. Accordingly, the heat flux at the top surface is assumed to be due to an effective gas-crown temperature. At the bottom surface, the heat flux from the melt was simulated by imposing a constant heat flux over the entire batch. A baseline condition is set for each parameter and parametric calculations were performed for a range of physically plausible conditions to determine the effects of the bottom heat transfer rate and preheating on the batch melting characteristics.
Novel Regulatory Mechanisms for the SoxC Transcriptional Network Required for Visual Pathway Development (2017)

What pathways specify retinal ganglion cell (RGC) fate in the developing retina? Here we report on mechanisms by which a molecular pathway involving Sox4/Sox11 is required for RGC differentiation and for optic nerve formation in mice <i>in vivo</i>, and is sufficient to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells into electrophysiologically active RGCs. These data place Sox4 downstream of RE1 silencing transcription factor in regulating RGC fate, and further describe a newly identified, Sox4-regulated site for post-translational modification with small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMOylation) in Sox11, which suppresses Sox11's nuclear localization and its ability to promote RGC differentiation, providing a mechanism for the SoxC familial compensation observed here and elsewhere in the nervous system. These data define novel regulatory mechanisms for this SoxC molecular network, and suggest pro-RGC molecular approaches for cell replacement-based therapies for glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Glaucoma is the most common cause of blindness worldwide and, along with other optic neuropathies, is characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Unfortunately, vision and RGC loss are irreversible, and lead to bilateral blindness in ∼14% of all diagnosed patients. Differentiated and transplanted RGC-like cells derived from stem cells have the potential to replace neurons that have already been lost and thereby to restore visual function. These data uncover new mechanisms of retinal progenitor cell (RPC)-to-RGC and human stem cell-to-RGC fate specification, and take a significant step toward understanding neuronal and retinal development and ultimately cell-transplant therapy.
Genomic Variation Associated With Mortality Among Adults of European and African Ancestry With Heart Failure (2010)

This study identified a novel locus associated with all-cause mortality among individuals of European ancestry with HF. This finding warrants additional investigation, including replication, in other studies of HF.
MED23‐associated refractory epilepsy successfully treated with the ketogenic diet (2016)

We report a new patient with refractory epilepsy associated with a novel pathogenic homozygous MED23 variant. This 7.5-year-old boy from consanguineous parents had infantile onset global developmental delay and refractory epilepsy. He was treated with the ketogenic diet at 2.5 years of age and became seizure free on the first day. He had microcephaly and truncal hypotonia. His brain MRI showed delayed myelination and thin corpus callosum. He was enrolled in a whole exome sequencing research study, which identified a novel, homozygous, likely pathogenic (c.1937A>G; p.Gln646Arg) variant in MED23. MED23 is a regulator of energy homeostasis and glucose production. Liver-specific Med23-knockout mice showed reduced liver gluconeogenesis and lower blood glucose levels compared to control mice. This is the first patient with documented refractory epilepsy caused by a novel homozygous pathogenic variant in MED23 expanding the phenotypic spectrum. Identification of the underlying genetic defect in MED23 sheds light on the possible mechanism of complete response to the ketogenic diet in this child. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An elastic analog model for controlling the impingement point position in confined impinging jets (2016)

Confined impinging jets (CIJs) are highly efficient mixers. The scales of mixing in CIJs are controlled by the opposed jets interaction. A mechanistic model is described here, which accurately predicts the impinging position of the opposed jets for a large range of flow rate ratios. The impinging point position is shown to impact the dynamic properties of the flow and the achieved mixing quality. The opposed jets kinetic energy ratio is shown to have a critical impact on mixing, similar to the Reynolds number. A mixing chamber design relation is proposed and verified for the opposed injectors diameters ratio, , which enables to operate CIJs under optimum mixing conditions for large ranges of flow rate ratios, viscosity and density ratios between the opposed streams. Optimum values have asymptotes for large and small Reynolds number depending on the process stoichiometry, viscosity, and density ratios of the opposed jet streams. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 62: 2200–2212, 2016
Singularity analysis for articulated object tracking (2002)

We analyze the use of kinematic constraints for articulated object tracking. Conditions for the occurrence of singularities in 3-D models are presented and their effects on tracking are characterized We describe a novel 2-D Scaled Prismatic Model (SPM) for figure registration. In contrast to 3-D kinematic models, the SPM has fewer singularity problems and does not require detailed knowledge of the 3-D kinematics. We fully characterize the singularities in the SPM and illustrate tracking through singularities using synthetic and real examples with 3-D and 2-D models. Our results demonstrate the significant benefits of the SPM in tracking with a single source of video.
Practical Conscious Sedation (2004)

Craig (special care dentistry, GKT Dental Institute, UK) and Skelly (dental sedation, DKT Dental Institute) overview the pharmacology and principles of safe dental sedation practice, basic physiology and anatomy of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, standards of good practice, and medicolegal considerations. For the practitioner reluctant
Modulatory effects of ozone on THP-1 cells in response to SP-A stimulation (2005)

Ozone (O(3)), a major component of air pollution and a strong oxidizing agent, can lead to lung injury associated with edema, inflammation, and epithelial cell damage. The effects of O(3) on pulmonary immune cells have been studied in various in vivo and in vitro systems. We have shown previously that O(3) exposure of surfactant protein (SP)-A decreases its ability to modulate proinflammatory cytokine production by cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage (THP-1 cells). In this report, we exposed THP-1 cells and/or native SP-A obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with alveolar proteinosis to O(3) and studied cytokine production and NF-kappaB signaling. The results showed 1) exposure of THP-1 cells to O(3) significantly decreased their ability to express TNF-alpha in response to SP-A; TNF-alpha production, under these conditions, was still significantly higher than basal (unstimulated) levels in filtered air-exposed THP-1 cells; 2) exposure of both THP-1 cells and SP-A to O(3) did not result in any significant differences in TNF-alpha expression compared with basal levels; 3) O(3) exposure of SP-A resulted in a decreased ability of SP-A to activate the NF-kappaB pathway, as assessed by the lack of significant increase and decrease of the nuclear p65 subunit of NF-kappaB and cytoplasmic IkappaBalpha, respectively; and 4) O(3) exposure of THP-1 cells resulted in a decrease in SP-A-mediated THP-1 cell responsiveness, which did not seem to be mediated via the classic NF-kappaB pathway. These findings indicate that O(3) exposure may mediate its effect on macrophage function both directly and indirectly (via SP-A oxidation) and by involving different mechanisms.
The Potential Role of MiRs-139-5p and -454-3p in Endoglin-Knockdown-Induced Angiogenic Dysfunction in HUVECs (2023)

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare genetic disease characterized by aberrant angiogenesis and vascular malformations. Mutations in the transforming growth factor beta co-receptor, endoglin (<i>ENG</i>), account for approximately half of known HHT cases and cause abnormal angiogenic activity in endothelial cells (ECs). To date, how ENG deficiency contributes to EC dysfunction remains to be fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate virtually every cellular process. We hypothesized that ENG depletion results in miRNA dysregulation that plays an important role in mediating EC dysfunction. Our goal was to test the hypothesis by identifying dysregulated miRNAs in <i>ENG</i>-knockdown human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and characterizing their potential role in EC function. We identified 32 potentially downregulated miRNAs in <i>ENG</i>-knockdown HUVECs with a TaqMan miRNA microarray. MiRs-139-5p and -454-3p were found to be significantly downregulated after RT-qPCR validation. While the inhibition of miR-139-5p or miR-454-3p had no effect on HUVEC viability, proliferation or apoptosis, angiogenic capacity was significantly compromised as determined by a tube formation assay. Most notably, the overexpression of miRs-139-5p and -454-3p rescued impaired tube formation in HUVECs with <i>ENG</i> knockdown. To our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate miRNA alterations after the knockdown of <i>ENG</i> in HUVECs. Our results indicate a potential role of miRs-139-5p and -454-3p in <i>ENG</i>-deficiency-induced angiogenic dysfunction in ECs. Further study to examine the involvement of miRs-139-5p and -454-3p in HHT pathogenesis is warranted.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Active Cyclopenta[b]benzofuran as a Precursor of m‐Phenyleneprostacyclin. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MnCo2O4 Preparation by Microwave-Assisted Route Synthesis (MARS) and the Effect of Carbon Admixture (2003)

Catalyst spinel MnCo2O4 with particle size <30 nm was prepared by a novel microwave-assisted route. To determine the optimal amount of carbon needed as a microwave susceptor, varying amounts of amorphous carbon powder (7−26 wt %) were mixed with the aqueous solutions of Mn- and Co-nitrates. After heat treatment at 200 °C in a conventional oven, the mixtures were heat-treated in a microwave oven (2.45 GHz) at a power of 350 W. The effect of the carbon amount on the formation and properties of the catalysts was studied. In this production method, 13 wt % of carbon was found to be the minimum needed for spinel MnCo2O4 formation. Most of the carbon was oxidized during the microwave treatment. When the carbon content in the nitrate−carbon mixture was increased beyond 13 wt %, the carbon content and the specific surface area of the final catalyst started to decrease. However, the carbon amount of 18 wt % in the initial nitrate−carbon mixture was found to be the most preferable when considering the catalytic activity of the spinel toward oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline electrolyte.
Monolithic integration of nitride light emitting diodes and photodetectors for bi-directional optical communication (2014)

Design and fabrication of monolithically integrated III-nitride visible light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) and ultraviolet Schottky barrier-photodetectors (SB-PDs) have been proposed and demonstrated. Responsivity up to 0.2 AW(-1) at 365 nm for GaN SB-PDs has been achieved. It is shown that those UV SB-PDs were capable of sensitive UV light detection down to 7.16×10(-4) W/cm2 at 365 nm, whereas simultaneous operation of on-chip blue LEDs has produced negligible crosstalk at practical illumination brightness. Monolithically integrated LEDs and SB-PDs can function as transmitters to emit visible light signals, and as receivers to analyze incoming UV signals, respectively; this offers the potential of using such devices for bi-directional optical wireless communication applications.
Bradykinin stimulates Ca2+ mobilization in NCB-20 cells leading to direct inhibition of adenylylcyclase. A novel mechanism for inhibition of cAMP production. (1991)

The modulation of neuronal adenylylcyclase by Ca2+, acting via calmodulin, is a long-established example of a positive interaction between the Ca2(+)-mobilizing and cAMP-generating systems. In the present study, concentrations of Ca2+ that stimulate brain adenylylcyclase inhibit the adenylylcyclase of NCB-20 plasma membranes. These inhibitory effects of Ca2+ have been characterized and seem to be exerted at the catalytic unit of the enzyme; they are independent of calmodulin, Gi, and phosphodiesterase. To determine whether this inhibition of adenylylcyclase by Ca2+ could occur in the intact cell, cAMP accumulation was measured in response to bradykinin. Bradykinin, which mobilizes Ca2+ in NCB-20 cells, as a consequence of stimulating inositol phosphate production, causes a transient inhibition of prostaglandin E1 stimulation of cAMP accumulation. The inhibitory action of bradykinin is attenuated significantly by treatment of cells with the cell-permeant Ca2+ chelator, 1,2-bis-(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. It seems likely that the inhibition of adenylylcyclase by low concentrations of Ca2+ represents a novel means for a negative interaction between Ca2(+)-mobilizing and cAMP-generating systems.