gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hole Mobility in Acceptor‐Doped, Monocrystalline SrTiO 3 (1992)

The oxidation reaction equilibrium constant and the holes mobility in p ‐type‐semiconducting SrTiO 3 single crystals were determined directly by simultaneous Hall and conductivity measurements between 500° and 1000°C. This information and the SrTiO 3 defect model were used to interpret the electrical measurements taken on this substance which represents a model substance for semiconducting perovskites. Measurements with varying oxygen partial pressures showed that shifts of the crystal defect equilibrium give rise to changes in the carrier concentration with unchanged carrier mobility.
Starting Mode Differences in Triode and Diode Sputter-Ion Pumps (1971)

Recent tests are reported comparing the performance of diode vs triode sputter-ion pumps in the starting mode. These measurements indicate that the triode tested has significantly higher relative speed than the diode at pressures in the 10−3−10−2 Torr region. The power demanded by the triode is found to be almost constant in the pressure range of 2×10−4 to 2×10−3 Torr, unlike the diode in which power reaches a maximum at ∼10−4 Torr. In the millitorr pressure range triode powers are thus found to be as much as a factor of three larger than for an equivalent diode. Reasons for the observed differences are discussed, and the practical effects of these characteristics on starting and pumpdown are described.
Immunogenicity of an adjuvanted 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccine in haemodialysed patients (2011)

Only 64% of chronic HD patients developed seroconversion after a single dose of adjuvanted influenza A (H1N1) vaccine, a much lower rate than in controls (94%). These results underscore the substantial immunodeficiency associated with End-Stage Renal Disease. The persistence of protective antibodies as well as the effect of a booster dose remain to be investigated in HD patients.
An Innovative Non-invasive ECG Sensor and Comparison Study with Clinic System (2013)

A conventional Electrocardiography (ECG) acquisition system uses contact method which requires the electrodes to be in contact with human skin. This study proposes a non-contact sensing platform that can remotely detect the signals in real time. The current sensing system developed in our research was able to detect the ECG signals with an effective distance of 20cm. Digital signal processing algorithms including digital filer, peak identification was developed to decimate the signal noise and compute the period. The heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), breath frequency can be determined. The performance is compared with conventional ECG system in clinic study. It shows high potential to collect effective information for clinic application.
A TOA-based location algorithm reducing the errors due to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation (2003)

An effective location algorithm, which considers non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation, is presented. By using a new variable to replace the square term, the problem becomes a mathematical programming problem, and then the NLOS propagation's effect can be evaluated. Compared with other methods, the proposed algorithm has high accuracy.
Hexalacunary [α‐H2P2W12O48]12− Wells‐Dawson Anion: X‐ray Crystal Structural Evidence and Oligomerization to WO(OH2)4+‐Bridged Dimer and Trimers (2023)

We report the first single-crystal X-ray structural evidence of the potassium salt of the hexalacunary [α-H<sub>2</sub> P<sub>2</sub> W<sub>12</sub> O<sub>48</sub> ]<sup>12-</sup> (abbreviated as {P<sub>2</sub> W<sub>12</sub> }) anion after its discovery by Contant and Ciabrini in 1977. In addition, we observed oligomerization of {P<sub>2</sub> W<sub>12</sub> } into a {WO(OH<sub>2</sub> )}<sup>4+</sup> -bridged Pacman-shaped [{WO(OH<sub>2</sub> )}(α-HP<sub>2</sub> W<sub>12</sub> O<sub>48</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ]<sup>22-</sup> ({P<sub>4</sub> W<sub>25</sub> }) dimer and a cyclic [{WO(OH<sub>2</sub> )}<sub>3</sub> (P<sub>2</sub> W<sub>12</sub> O<sub>48</sub> )<sub>3</sub> ]<sup>30-</sup> ({P<sub>6</sub> W<sub>39</sub> }) trimer. The three phosphotungstate anions were synthesized through recrystallization of (NH<sub>4</sub> )<sub>12</sub> [α-H<sub>2</sub> P<sub>2</sub> W<sub>12</sub> O<sub>48</sub> ] from slightly alkaline (HOCH<sub>2</sub> )<sub>3</sub> CNH<sub>2</sub> /KCl, CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> Cl/KCl, and CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> Cl/NH<sub>4</sub> Cl solutions. The structure of {P<sub>2</sub> W<sub>12</sub> } is derived from [α-P<sub>2</sub> W<sub>18</sub> O<sub>62</sub> ]<sup>6-</sup> that has six tungsten atoms one from each polar group and four from the belt-removed, and the center of the lacunary site is capped by a potassium cation. Structures of {P<sub>4</sub> W<sub>25</sub> } and {P<sub>6</sub> W<sub>39</sub> } are constructed by connecting two and three {P<sub>2</sub> W<sub>12</sub> } units with {WO(OH<sub>2</sub> )}<sup>4+</sup> , respectively. The isolation of a pure {P<sub>6</sub> W<sub>39</sub> } phosphotungstate framework without coordination with transition metal cations is unprecedented. Powder X-ray diffraction confirmed the bulk purity of these compounds, indicating that selective crystallization was achieved through the selection of countercations and pH.
Adaptive video streaming with long term feedbacks (2009)

This paper proposes a video streaming system optimizing resource utilization when the media server only disposes of long term feedbacks from the client. Based on a partial knowledge of the network, we developed a scheduling algorithm that exploits the scalable video coding (SVC) properties to estimate packets importance and that takes into account packet delay dependencies to better anticipate congestion situations. Compared to more conventional streaming systems, experimental results show that our approach allows to better face network condition degradation like bandwidth reduction or packet error rate increase.
Development of electronic holography toward ultra-realistic communication (2011)

We have developed some prototype systems for ultra-realistic communication in future using electronic holography as 3D display, since electronic holography is the technology to reconstruct ideal 3D objects in space. In this paper, we describe the basis of the systems and introduce three of them, i.e., a real-time electronic holography system with integral photography, wide viewing-zone-angle electronic holography system, and electronic holography system with camera array.
Noise performance of frequency modulation Kelvin force microscopy (2014)

Noise performance of a phase-locked loop (PLL) based frequency modulation Kelvin force microscope (FM-KFM) is assessed. Noise propagation is modeled step by step throughout the setup using both exact closed loop noise gains and an approximation known as "noise gain" from operational amplifier (OpAmp) design that offers the advantage of decoupling the noise performance study from considerations of stability and ideal loop response. The bandwidth can be chosen depending on how much noise is acceptable and it is shown that stability is not an issue up to a limit that will be discussed. With thermal and detector noise as the only sources, both approaches yield PLL frequency noise expressions equal to the theoretical value for self-oscillating circuits and in agreement with measurement, demonstrating that the PLL components neither modify nor contribute noise. Kelvin output noise is then investigated by modeling the surrounding bias feedback loop. A design rule is proposed that allows choosing the AC modulation frequency for optimized sharing of the PLL bandwidth between Kelvin and topography loops. A crossover criterion determines as a function of bandwidth, temperature and probe parameters whether thermal or detector noise is the dominating noise source. Probe merit factors for both cases are then established, suggesting how to tackle noise performance by probe design. Typical merit factors of common probe types are compared. This comprehensive study is an encouraging step toward a more integral performance assessment and a remedy against focusing on single aspects and optimizing around randomly chosen key values.
Perspektiven nachwachsender Rohstoffe in der Chemie (1996)

Renewable raw materials are not only a hot, up-to-date topic for the daily press - active chemical research is also beeing carried out in this field. Many cultivated plants can already be used as raw materials in the chemical industry, for others industrial-scale processes have still to be developed or suitable varieties have to be bred - a wide field of research. This volume confirms that condierable success has already been achieved in recent years. Here experts present results ranging from basic research to practical applications. The high proportion of research workers from the chemical industry ensures that the contributions are strongly angled towards industrial practice.
Tunable microwave components for Ku-and K-band satellite communications (1998)

Abstract The use of conductor/ferroelectric/dielectric thin film multilayer structures for frequency and phase agile components at frequencies at and above the Ku-band will be discussed. Among these components are edge coupled filters, microstripline ring resonators, and phase shifters. These structures were implemented using SrTiO3 (STO) ferroelectric thin films, with gold or YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) high temperature superconducting (HTS) microstrip lines deposited by laser ablation on LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates. The performance of these structures in terms of tunability, operating temperature, frequency, and dc bias will be presented. Because of their small size, light weight, and low loss, these tunable microwave components are being studied very intensely at NASA as well as by the commercial communication industry. An assessment of the progress made so far, and the issues yet to be solved for the successful integration of these components into the aforementioned communication systems will be presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 8‐Hydroxytetrahydroquinolines by the Cyclization of m‐Hydroxyphenethyl Ketone O‐2,4‐Dinitrophenyloximes (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Measuring of oxygen saturation using pulse oximeter based on fuzzy logic (2012)

The pulse oximeter is the most used device due to be a noninvasive method in measuring the oxygen level in blood. In the pulse oximeter, red and IR (Infrared) LEDs (light emitting diode) sent signals to the photodiode. An equation or relationship between the ratio (R) of signals (red and IR) received by photodiode with the oxygen saturation value (SpO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) needs to model the value of blood oxygen saturation. Normally, the calibration curve needs to create this equation. A calibration device is necessary to obtain this calibration curve. Since this device is very expensive, absorbation coefficients obtained from healthy individuals have been used both to create this curve and to decrease the cost of pulse oximeter. In this study, firstly, R (ratio) value is calculated according to absorption rates of signals, which are sent by red and IR LEDs in finger mounted oxygen saturation sensor. The obtained R value has been used as the input to fuzzy logic then SpO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> value has been calculated. Also, a linear relationship between SpO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and R values has been created with absorption coefficients using linear regression method and compared with SpO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> values calculated by fuzzy logic method. The results show that the SpO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> values, which are calculated by fuzzy logic, are more reliable and healthy.
Nonparametric Basis Pursuit via Sparse Kernel-Based Learning: A Unifying View with Advances in Blind Methods (2013)

Signal processing tasks as fundamental as sampling, reconstruction, minimum mean-square error interpolation, and prediction can be viewed under the prism of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs). Endowing this vantage point with contemporary advances in sparsity-aware modeling and processing promotes the nonparametric basis pursuit advocated in this article as the overarching framework for the confluence of kernel-based learning (KBL) approaches leveraging sparse linear regression, nuclear-norm regularization, and dictionary learning. The novel sparse KBL toolbox goes beyond translating sparse parametric approaches to their nonparametric counterparts to incorporate new possibilities such as multikernel selection and matrix smoothing. The impact of sparse KBL to signal processing applications is illustrated through test cases from cognitive radio sensing, microarray data imputation, and network traffic prediction.
Ionized physical vapor deposition (2000)

This volume provides the first comprehensive look at a pivotal new technology in integrated circuit fabrication. For some time researchers have sought alternate processes for interconnecting the millions of transistors on each chip because conventional physical vapor deposition can no longer meet the specifications of today's complex integrated circuits. Out of this research, ionized physical vapor deposition has emerged as a premier technology for the deposition of thin metal films that form the dense interconnect wiring on state-of-the-art microprocessors and memory chips. For the first time, the most recent developments in thin film deposition using ionized physical vapor deposition (I-PVD) are presented in a single coherent source. Readers will find detailed descriptions of relevant plasma source technology, specific deposition systems, and process recipes. The tools and processes covered include DC hollow cathode magnetrons, RF inductively coupled plasmas, and microwave plasmas that are used for depositing technologically important materials such as copper, tantalum, titanium, TiN, and aluminum. In addition, this volume describes the important physical processes that occur in I-PVD in a simple and concise way. The physical descriptions are followed by experimentally-verified numerical models that provide in-depth insight into the design and operation I-PVD tools. Practicing process engineers, research and development scientists, and students will find that this book's integration of tool design, process development, and fundamental physical models make it an indispensable reference. This is the first comprehensive volume on ionized physical vapor deposition. It combines tool design, process development, and fundamental physical understanding to form a complete picture of I-PVD. It emphasizes practical applications in the area of IC fabrication and interconnect technology. It serves as a guide to select the most appropriate technology for any deposition application. This single source saves time and effort by including comprehensive information at one's finger tips. The integration of tool design, process development, and fundamental physics allows the reader to quickly understand all of the issues important to I-PVD. The numerous practical applications assist the working engineer to select and refine thin film processes.
Polytriphenylamine derivative with high free radical density as the novel organic cathode for lithium ion batteries (2014)

Initial charge–discharge profiles of PTPA and PDDP with two obvious voltage platforms, and the possible electron donating–accepting process during the two charge–discharge stages.
Abstract 80: Early Intervention With High-Dose Statin Decreased the Plaque in Acute Stroke Patients With Intracranial Atherosclerosis: High-Resolution MR Wall Imaging Study (2014)

Intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) is a common stroke etiology, especially in Asians. Current guidelines emphasize statin therapy with intensive lipid lowering effects for risk reduction in atherosclerotic strokes. High-dose statin therapy regress coronary, carotid and aortic atherosclerotic plaques. However the role of statin in patients with ICAS remains unknown. Thus we aimed to evaluate the impact of early intervention with rosuvastatin (20mg/day) on the symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic plaque, using high-resolution (HR) wall MRI. Fiffteen patients with acute infarcts caused by ICAS were enrolled. All patients were given high-dose statin, rosuvastatin 20mg/day and performed serial HR MRI with 3-T scanner including proton density/T2-weighted axial/sagittal, T1 FLAIR pre- and post-contrast sagittal/axial and 3-dimensional volumetric isotropic turbo spin echo acquisition images. Serial HR wall MRI were taken before and after 3~6 months of treatment (interval, 141±45 days). Intracranial artery at the maximal stenosis on MRA was analyzed in terms of vascular remodeling (plaque burden) and wall enhancement (plaque activation). Normal vessels were also assessed for reference values. Intracranial atherosclerotic plaques were compared before and after statin treatment. Both intracranial atherosclerotic plaque burden and activation can be regressed by high-dose statin therapy (Figure). Wall area, a representative of plaque burden, was decreased (pre- vs. post-statin treatment, 5.74±2.63mm2 vs. 4.64±2.58mm2; p=0.027). Enhanced area within the wall, an indicator of plaque activation, was also lowered (pre- vs. post-statin treatment, 3.46±2.15mm2 vs. 2.32±1.81mm2; p=0.013). No patients stop rosuvastatin during follow-up period. Early intervention with high-dose rosuvastatin in acute stroke patients with ICAS enabled significant reduction of the symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic plaque during 6 months.
Aided design of finite-state dialogue management systems (2003)

Due to recent progresses in the field of speech and natural language processing, spoken dialogue systems are becoming more and more common. Nevertheless, the design of complete dialogue systems remains uneasy. On the one hand, developing such a system involves defining a dialogue strategy. Though automatic learning of dialogue strategies has been introduced in several researches, it stays hard to use in practice. On the other hand, system design implies some coding skills and is still a job for specialists despite the emergence of the voiceXML language. In this paper, we describe a graphical interface dedicated to ease the development of dialogue systems. The user of the interface may be helped along his design thanks to automatically learned strategies.
On the intrinsic propensity of the Asn-Gly sequence to fold into type I′ β-turn: molecular dynamics simulations of Asn-Gly β-turn containing peptide sequences (2017)

On the intrinsic propensity of the Asn-Gly sequence to fold into type I′ β-turn: molecular dynamics simulations of Asn-Gly β-turn containing peptide sequences
End-Quenching of Quasiliving Carbocationic Isobutylene Polymerization with Hindered Bases:  Quantitative Formation of exo-Olefin-Terminated Polyisobutylene (2006)

Polyisobutylenes possessing exclusively exo-olefin end groups were created by end-quenching TiCl4-catalyzed quasiliving isobutylene (IB) polymerizations with a hindered base at −60 to −40 °C. Polymerizations were initiated from either 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl) or 1,3-bis(2-chloro-2-propyl)-5-tert-butylbenzene, in 60/40 hexane/methyl chloride in the presence of 2,6-dimethylpyridine, allowed to reach 98+% isobutylene conversion, and then reacted with either 2,5-dimethylpyrrole, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine, or 2-tert-butylpyridine for various times ranging from 10 to 170 min. Typical reaction molar concentrations were [IB] = 0.5, [TMPCl] = 0.014, [26Lut] = 0.010, [TiCl4] = 0.083, and [hindered base] = 0.02−0.04 M. In some cases, minor amounts of coupled PIB were produced through reaction of carbenium ions with exo-olefin. Coupling was suppressed by higher temperature and lower chain end concentration. 2,5-Dimethylpyrrole was the most effective quencher under the conditions studied, yielding the most rapid quenching and exhibiting the least tendency toward coupling.
Time-Lapse Cryptography (2006)

The notion of “sending a secret message to the future” has been around for over a decade. Despite this, no solution to this problem is in common use, or even attained widespread acceptance as a fundamental cryptographic primitive. We name, construct and specify an implementation for this new cryptographic primitive, “Time-Lapse Cryptography”, with which a sender can encrypt a message so that it is guaranteed to be revealed at an exact moment in the future, even if this revelation turns out to be undesirable to the sender. Our solution combines new ideas with Pedersen distributed key generation, Feldman verifiable threshold secret sharing, and ElGamal encryption, all of which rest upon the single, broadly accepted Decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption. We develop a Time-Lapse Cryptography Service (“the Service”) based on a network of parties who jointly perform the service. The protocol is practical and secure: at a given time T the Service publishes a public key so that anyone can use it, even anonymously. Senders encrypt their messages with this public key whose private key is not known to anyone – not even a trusted third party – until a predefined and specific future time T + δ, at which point the private key is constructed and published. At or after that time, anyone can decrypt the ciphertext using this private key. The Service is envisioned as a public utility publishing a continuous stream of encryption keys and subsequent corresponding time-lapse decryption keys. We complement our theoretical foundation with descriptions of specific attacks and defenses, and describe important applications of our service in sealed bid auctions, insider stock sales, clinical trials, and electronic voting.
Randomized Treatment Withdrawal of Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2014)

Objectives: Describe the therapeutic effect of upper airway stimulation (UAS) therapy withdrawal on objective and subjective measures of sleep apnea severity. Methods: From a cohort of 126 participants in a prospective therapy effectiveness trial, 46 subjects were randomized to therapy “ON” and “OFF” groups. Primary outcomes measures were apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) changes and secondary outcome measures included Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), sleep architecture, hypoxemia, snoring, and blood pressure. Results: Groups did not differ at pretreatment baseline or at 12 months of therapy in polysomnography or self‐reported measures. Following randomized controlled trial (RCT) therapy withdrawal, change in AHI and ODI significantly differed in “ON” and “OFF” groups (1.7 versus 18.2 and 1.6 versus 17.0 events/hour P &lt;. 0001). Therapy withdrawal worsened ESS, FOSQ, snoring, hypoxemia, and arousal index in the therapy “OFF” but no change was observed in the “ON” group ( P &lt;. 001). The therapy “ON” group demonstrated a reduction in blood pressure at 12 months compared to baseline which was maintained through the RCT. Conclusions: Withdrawal of therapeutic UAS results in relapse of both subjective and objective measures of OSA.