gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Humidity-Controlled Water Uptake and Conductivities in Ion and Electron Mixed Conducting Polythiophene Films (2020)

Mixed conducting polymer films are of great interest in applications where an interface between electronic and ionic charge transport is needed, e.g., in bioelectronics, electrochemical energy applications, and photovoltaic device interfaces. The role of water on charge transport is of high relevance not only for aqueous environments but also for devices that are manufactured at ambient conditions with varying relative humidities. In this contribution, we present our results on the influence of controlled humidity changes on the mixed conductivity and correlation to the concomitant water uptake in the films. Two sulfonate-bearing polythiophene systems are studied: a self-made conjugated polyelectrolyte, poly(6-(thiophen-3-yl)hexane-1-sulfonate)-sodium (PTS-Na), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) with different ratios of PEDOT and the polyelectrolyte PSS. Our data give clear evidence of the similarities between the aforementioned polythiophene systems and pure ionic membranes such as Nafion used in fuel cells. As such, a phase separation between the hydrophobic electronically conducting polythiophene phase and the hydrophilic water-swellable ion-conducting phase is proposed. Changing the humidity from dry conditions up to ∼90% relative humidity results in extremely high water uptakes of more than 90 wt %, which corresponds to ∼13 water molecules per sulfonate unit at maximum water uptake. Conversely, the electronic conductivity is less sensitive to increasing humidity, which is due to percolation pathways. The ionic conductivity strongly increases from 10<sup>-10</sup> S/cm at dry conditions to 10<sup>-3</sup> S/cm at around 30 wt % water content and then levels off at maximum conductivities of 10<sup>-3</sup>-10<sup>-2</sup> S/cm up to water contents of 90 wt %.
Detection of ebaf, a novel human gene of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily association of gene expression with endometrial bleeding. (1997)

Human endometrium is unique since it is the only tissue in the body that bleeds at regular intervals. In addition, abnormal endometrial bleeding is one of the most common manifestations of gynecological diseases, and is a prime indication for hysterectomy. Here, we report on a novel human gene, endometrial bleeding associated factor (ebaf), whose strong expression in endometrium was associated with abnormal endometrial bleeding. In normal human endometrium, this gene was transiently expressed before and during menstrual bleeding. In situ hybridization showed that the mRNA of ebaf was expressed in the stroma without any significant mRNA expression in the endometrial glands or endothelial cells. The predicted protein sequence of ebaf showed homology with and structural features of the members of TGF-beta superfamily. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the ebaf gene is located on human chromosome 1 at band q42.1. Thus, ebaf is a novel member of the TGF-beta superfamily and an endometrial tissue factor whose expression is associated with normal menstrual and abnormal endometrial bleeding.
Strukturen, Reaktionen und Mechanismen: Stereochemie im weitesten Sinn auf der 51. Bürgenstock‐Konferenz (2016)

Tradition und Innovation: Die 51. Ausgabe der berühmten Bürgenstock-Konferenz über Stereochemie bot wie immer beeindruckende Wissenschaft, hervorragende Diskussionen, eine wunderbare Atmosphäre und eine außergewöhnliche Organisation. Ivana Fleischer stellt in ihrem Tagungsbericht das Programm vor.
Ethacrynic acid decreases expression of proinflammatory intestinal wall cytokines and ameliorates gastrointestinal stasis in murine postoperative ileus (2018)

Pre- and post-treatment with ethacrynic acid ameliorates ileus and modulates inflammation in the gut wall induced by bowel manipulation.
Pushing the stability of a Differential Quantum Gravimeter below 1Eötvös/1µGal (2021)

International audience
Analysis and Correction of the Doppler Frequency Shift of Airborne Forward Looking Array FMCW SAR (2013)

Combined with Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) technology, airborne forward-looking array synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can obtain the image in front of the aircraft and also have the advantages of FMCW radar such as small size and lightweight. Moreover, it is suitable to be installed on platforms like helicopter and small unmanned aerial vehicle. It's valuable to study the imaging problem of airborne forward looking array SAR when aircraft platforms move toward the target areas in practice. This paper analyses the echo model based on geometry of forward looking array SAR and the Doppler frequency shift due to the movement of the aircraft platforms with a forward and downward velocity, studies a corresponding correction scheme and then presents an improved frequency scaling algorithm for forward looking array FMCW SAR. Finally, the algorithm is verified with the simulation and discussion.
Data from Effect of Sulforaphane in Men with Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Increases in serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) occur commonly in prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy and are designated “biochemical recurrence.” Because the phytochemical sulforaphane has been studied extensively as an anticancer agent, we performed a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial with sulforaphane in 78 patients (mean age, 69 ± 6 years) with increasing PSA levels after radical prostatectomy. Treatment comprised daily oral administration of 60 mg of a stabilized free sulforaphane for 6 months (M0–M6) followed by 2 months without treatment (M6–M8). The study was designed to detect a 0.012 log (ng/mL)/month decrease in the log PSA slope in the sulforaphane group from M0 to M6. The primary endpoint was not reached. For secondary endpoints, median log PSA slopes were consistently lower in sulforaphane-treated men. Mean changes in PSA levels between M6 and M0 were significantly lower in the sulforaphane group (+0.099 ± 0.341 ng/mL) than in placebo (+0.620 ± 1.417 ng/mL; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0433). PSA doubling time was 86% longer in the sulforaphane than in the placebo group (28.9 and 15.5 months, respectively). PSA increases &gt;20% at M6 were significantly greater in the placebo group (71.8%) than in the sulforaphane group (44.4%); &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0163. Compliance and tolerance were very good. Sulforaphane effects were prominent after 3 months of intervention (M3–M6). After treatment, PSA slopes from M6 to M8 remained the same in the 2 arms. Daily administration of free sulforaphane shows promise in managing biochemical recurrences in prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Prev Res; 8(8); 712–9. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Improving the Palatability of Oral Rehydration Solutions Has Implications for Salt and Water Transport: A Study in Animal Models (1996)

It is believed that improving the taste of oral rehydration solutions (ORSs) might lead to greater patient acceptability. A pilot trial showed that replacing glucose with sucrose and increasing the citrate concentration at the expense of chloride improves palatability. However, the transport implications of such modifications are not known. Three hypotonic experimental ORSs (Suc/cit-ORS, 211 mosmol/kg; Suc/Cl-ORS, 224 mosmol/kg; and Glu-ORS, 224 mosmol/kg) were compared with a standard European ORS (Euro-ORS, 265 mosmol/kg) by in vivo perfusion of entire rat small intestine in normal adult rats and rotavirus-infected neonates. All ORSs were of identical sodium, potassium, chloride, and citrate content except that in the Suc/cit-ORS, chloride was removed in favor of increased citrate, and the chloride concentration in Euro-ORS was higher than in the others. Suc/cit-ORS and Suc/Cl-ORS had glucose partially replaced by sucrose while Glu-ORS and Euro-ORS contained only glucose. In normal small intestine, water absorption was greater from Glu-ORS than Suc/cit-ORS or Euro-ORS, although water absorption was similar from Suc/cit-ORS and Suc/Cl-ORS. In the rotavirus model, Glu-ORS produced more water absorption than Euro-ORS or either sucrose ORS. In both models, Suc/cit-ORS caused sodium and chloride secretion. Glucose absorption was similar from all ORSs. These findings indicate that attempts to improve ORS palatability by adding sucrose or increasing citrate at the expense of chloride would incur a significant penalty in terms of salt and water absorption.
An Efficient LSM-Tree-Based SQLite-Like Database Engine for Mobile Devices (2018)

SQLite has been deployed in millions of mobile devices from Web to smartphone applications on various mobile operating systems. However, due to the uncoordinated IO interactions with the underlying file system (e.g., ext4), SQLite is not efficient with low transactions per second. In this paper, we for the first time propose a new SQLite-like database engine, called SQLiteKV, which adopts the LSM-tree-based data structure but retains the SQLite operation interfaces. With its SQLite interface, SQLiteKV can be utilized by existing applications without any modification, while providing high performance with its LSM-tree-based data structure. We separate SQLiteKV into the front-end and back-end. In the front-end, we develop a light-weight SQLite-to-KV compiler to solve the semantic mismatch, so SQL statements can be efficiently translated into KV operations. We also design a novel coordination caching mechanism with memory defragmentation so query results can be effectively cached inside SQLiteKV by alleviating the discrepancy of data management between front-end SQLite statements and back-end data organization. In the back-end, we adopt an LSM-tree-based key-value database engine, and propose a lightweight metadata management scheme to mitigate the memory requirement. We have implemented and deployed SQLiteKV on a Google Nexus 6P smartphone. Experimental results with various workloads show that SQLiteKV outperforms SQLite up to six times.
THE MULTIPLICATION OF BACTERIOPHAGE IN VIVO AND ITS PROTECTIVE EFFECT AGAINST AN EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION WITH SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (1943)

1. Anti-Shiga bacteriophage injected into the general circulation can multiply in the brain of mice infected intracerebrally with Shigella dysenteriae. 2. Under proper conditions, the injection of active bacteriophage into the general circulation can protect mice against an otherwise fatal intracerebral infection with Shigella dysenteriae. 3. The protection so induced appears to depend upon the early establishment of a high bacteriophage level in the infected animal.
Microengineered perfusable 3D-bioprinted glioblastoma model for in vivo mimicry of tumor microenvironment (2021)

Many drugs show promising results in laboratory research but eventually fail clinical trials. We hypothesize that one main reason for this translational gap is that current cancer models are inadequate. Most models lack the tumor-stroma interactions, which are essential for proper representation of cancer complexed biology. Therefore, we recapitulated the tumor heterogenic microenvironment by creating fibrin glioblastoma bioink consisting of patient-derived glioblastoma cells, astrocytes, and microglia. In addition, perfusable blood vessels were created using a sacrificial bioink coated with brain pericytes and endothelial cells. We observed similar growth curves, drug response, and genetic signature of glioblastoma cells grown in our 3D-bioink platform and in orthotopic cancer mouse models as opposed to 2D culture on rigid plastic plates. Our 3D-bioprinted model could be the basis for potentially replacing cell cultures and animal models as a powerful platform for rapid, reproducible, and robust target discovery; personalized therapy screening; and drug development.
Asymptotic Tradeoff between Cross-Layer Goodput Gain and Outage Diversity in OFDMA Systems with Slow Fading and Delayed CSIT (2007)

In this paper, we consider on the asymptotic tradeoff analysis between the system goodput gain and the packet outage diversity gain in cross-layer OFDMA systems with slow frequency selective fading and delayed CSIT. The OFDMA cross-layer design with delayed CSIT is modeled as an optimization problem where the rate adaptation, power adaptation and subcarrier allocation policies are designed to optimize the system goodput (b/s/Hz successfully received by the mobiles). We derived simple closed-form expressions for the power and rate allocations as well as the asymptotic order of growth in system goodput for general CSIT error sigma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . We found that the system goodput scales in the order of O(log(1-sigma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> / N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> (log K + N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> log log K))) for large K where Nd is the packet outage diversity and K is the number of user in the cross-layer OFDMA system. Hence, double exponentially larger K is needed to compensate for the penalty in system goodput gain due to CSIT errors sigma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> or packet outage diversity N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> for large N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> .
Nonparametric hierarchical Bayesian model for functional brain parcellation (2010)

We develop a method for unsupervised analysis of functional brain images that learns group-level patterns of functional response. Our algorithm is based on a generative model that comprises two main layers. At the lower level, we express the functional brain response to each stimulus as a binary activation variable. At the next level, we define a prior over the sets of activation variables in all subjects. We use a Hierarchical Dirichlet Process as the prior in order to simultaneously learn the patterns of response that are shared across the group, and to estimate the number of these patterns supported by data. Inference based on this model enables automatic discovery and characterization of salient and consistent patterns in functional signals. We apply our method to data from a study that explores the response of the visual cortex to a collection of images. The discovered profiles of activation correspond to selectivity to a number of image categories such as faces, bodies, and scenes. More generally, our results appear superior to the results of alternative data-driven methods in capturing the category structure in the space of stimuli.
Identification Markers of Adulteration in Korean Red Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) Products Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) (2018)

The commercial products of Panax ginseng have increasing market demand and high prices due to the pharmacological activities. To obtain high profits, P. ginseng may be adulterated with lower priced morphologically similar species such as Platycodon grandiflorum, Codonopsis lanceolata, and Pueraria lobata. This study was designed to validate accurate methods for the analysis of adulteration in P. ginseng products. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–electrospray ionization–ion trap–time of flight–mass spectrometry (UPLC–DAD–ESI-IT-TOF-MS) were validated to analyze the raw plant materials, self-prepared formulations, and commercial products of P. ginseng, C. lanceolata, P. grandiflorum, and P. lobata. The developed analytical methods were confirmed by quality assurance parameters such as linearity, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. Lobetyolin and ononin were identified as marker compounds by HPLC and confirmed by accurate mass measurement with ESI-IT-TOF-MS. HPLC analysis of self-prepared formulations indicated that by increasing the ratio of C. lanceolata, P. grandiflorum, and P. lobata in P. ginseng extracts, the peak area is increased at the same retention time. The limits of detection and quantification for lobetyolin and ononin were 0.098 and 0.171, and 0.108 and 0.726 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the intraday precision (<1.0%) measurements confirmed that the developed analytical methods fulfill the required criteria for characterization of these products. The results demonstrated that the developed liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods accurately characterized adulteration in P. ginseng commercial products.
Supplementary data to the article: Impact of fracture geometry and topology on the connectivity and flow properties of stochastic fracture networks (2020)

The research is to find the impact of fracture geometry and topology on the connectivity and flow properties of stochastic fracture networks. The data are generated by our in-house developed C++ code. From the shared data, you can: 1. Find the data to reproduce Fig. 7 and 8 in the paper. Those data are averaged by 6000 random realizations for each case; 2. Find the data to plot 2D fracture networks and its graph representation; 3. Find the data to plot 3D fracture networks and its graph representation; 4. Find the data to plot the pressure distribution in 2D fracture networks; 5. Find the data to plot the pressure distribution in 3D fracture networks; 6. Find the corresponding Matlab code to help you visualize the result; To have a better visualization, the system size of 2D ad 3D fracture networks are modified. Those modifications are only for visualization purpose and will not change the results we have in the paper.
Recent Developments in Polymer-Based Photonic Components for Disruptive Capacity Upgrade in Data Centers (2016)

Recently developed photonic components for nextgeneration datacenter systems based on the Heinrich Hertz Institute's PolyBoard integration platform are reviewed. Hybridintegrated transmitters and receivers, including optical functionalities, such as tunable lasers, polarization manipulators,1 x 2 switches, and variable optical attenuators, are presented. The flexibility of those devices provides the possibility of generating, routing and detecting multiple optical data flows, offering the potential of aggregating traffics of 1 Tb/s and beyond. In addition, vertically stacked polymer waveguide structures are presented, opening the way towards the third dimension in photonic integration and allowing increasing the transmission capacity beyond the physical limit of standard single mode fibers. The freedom in the arrangement of the polymer waveguides allow for the matching of different multicore fiber types, providing the possibility of processing in parallel the different optical flows. By means of micromachining 45° mirrors on the different stack levels, the three-dimensional (3-D) stacked waveguide structure can act as an interface between multicore fibers and planar optoelectronic devices such as photodiodes and laser diodes. Furthermore, a novel concept for a 4 x 4 3-D optical switch based on 3-D multimode interferometers is presented and numerically proven, showing potential for its application as the interface between multicore fibers and planar optoelectronic devices, as well as offering the possibility of reconfigurable N x N switching matrices.
Comparative Effectiveness of Intravenous Ketamine and Intranasal Esketamine in Real-World Setting Among Patients with Treatment Refractory Depression (2022)

Abstract Background Ketamine, an N- methyl- d -aspartate receptor antagonist, has been “repurposed” as a rapid-acting antidepressant for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The s-enantiomer of ketamine, “esketamine,” was FDA approved for TRD and depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder with suicidal ideations/behaviors. Intravenous (IV) ketamine, although financially less expensive, is often not covered by insurance and intranasal (IN) esketamine, although covered by insurance can be expensive. There is a paucity of literature on efficacy data comparing subanesthetic IV ketamine and IN esketamine for TRD in a real-world scenario. Thus, we conducted this study comparing the efficacy and the number of treatments required to achieve remission/response with repeated use of subanesthetic IV ketamine/IN esketamine among TRD patients. Methods This was an observational study where we included adults (≥18 years) with TRD who provided consent and had received up to 6 IV ketamine infusions (0.5 mg/kg, infused over 40 minutes) or up to 8 intranasal (IN) esketamine (56/84 mg) treatments for TRD at the Mayo Clinic Depression Center. Depression symptoms were measured utilizing the self-report 16-Item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR) scale before and 24 hours after ketamine/esketamine treatment. Remission and response were defined as QIDS-SR 16 score ≤5 and ≥50% change in QIDS-SR 16, respectively. Continuous variables are reported as means ± SD and categorical variables as counts and percentages. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare continuous variables. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare categorical variables. The number of treatments to remission/response was calculated. Results Sixty-three adults with TRD, middle-aged (47.0 ± 12.1 years), predominantly female (65%), of which 76% (n = 48) and 24% (n = 15) received IV ketamine and IN esketamine, respectively. Mean (SE) change in QIDS-SR 16 score was −8.7 ± 0.7 ( P &lt; .001), a significant reduction (improvement) from baseline (mean ± SD = 17.6 ± 3.7). Overall remission and response rates were 36.5% and 55.6%, respectively in the acute phase. Response (56.3% vs 53.3%) and remission rates (39.6% vs 26.7%) were similar among patients who received IV ketamine or IN esketamine, respectively ( P &gt; .05). The mean number of treatments received to achieve response (2.5 ± 1.6 vs 4.6 ± 2.1) and remission (2.4 ± 1.3 vs 6.3 ± 2.4) were significantly lower among patients who received IV ketamine compared to IN esketamine ( P &lt; .005). Most patients tolerated both treatments well. Conclusion Intravenous ketamine and intranasal esketamine showed similar response/remission in TRD patients but the number of treatments required to achieve response/remission was significantly lower with IV ketamine compared to IN esketamine. These findings need to be investigated in a randomized control trial comparing these two treatment interventions. Funding No funding
Asymmetric Blockade and Multiqubit Gates via Dipole-Dipole Interactions (2021)

Because of their strong and tunable interactions, Rydberg atoms can be used to realize fast two-qubit entangling gates. We propose a generalization of a generic two-qubit Rydberg-blockade gate to multiqubit Rydberg-blockade gates that involve both many control qubits and many target qubits simultaneously. This is achieved by using strong microwave fields to dress nearby Rydberg states, leading to asymmetric blockade in which control-target interactions are much stronger than control-control and target-target interactions. The implementation of these multiqubit gates can drastically simplify both quantum algorithms and state preparation. To illustrate this, we show that a 25-atom Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state can be created using only three gates with an error of 5.8%.