gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genes encoding transcription factor IIIA and the RNA polymerase common subunit RPB6 are divergently transcribed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1992)

The gene encoding Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor TFIIIA has been found adjacent to RPB6, a gene that specifies a subunit shared by nuclear RNA polymerases. Analysis of DNA upstream of the RPB6 gene revealed an open reading frame that predicts a protein, designated PZF1, with nine C2H2 zinc fingers. The presence of nine C2H2 zinc fingers in PZF1 protein, a hallmark of amphibian TFIIIA proteins, suggested that PZF1 might be a TFIIIA homologue. We found that purified recombinant PZF1 specifically binds the internal control region (ICR) of the 5S rRNA gene in S. cerevisiae. The presence of nine C2H2 zinc fingers, the specific binding to ICR DNA, and the similarity of the predicted molecular mass of PZF1 with that determined for purified yeast TFIIIA, together indicate that PZF1 is TFIIIA. The yeast and amphibian TFIIIA proteins share only a limited number of residues outside of those normally conserved in C2H2 zinc fingers; these conserved residues may provide clues to the sequence specificity of these proteins. The PZF1 gene was found to be single copy, transcribed into a 1.5-kilobase mRNA, and essential for yeast cell viability. Interestingly, the yeast RPB6 and TFIIIA coding sequences are divergently transcribed and are separated by only 233 base pairs, providing the potential for coregulated expression of components of RNA polymerases and the 5S rRNA component of ribosomes.
Native mass spectrometry for the design and selection of protein bioreceptors for perfluorinated compounds (2021)

Biosensing platforms are answering the increasing demand for analytical tools for environmental monitoring of small molecules, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). By transferring toxicological findings in bioreceptor design we can develop innovative pathways for biosensor design. Indeed, toxicological studies provide fundamental information about PFAS-biomolecule complexes that can help evaluate the applicability of the latter as bioreceptors. The toolbox of native mass spectrometry (MS) can support this evaluation, as shown by the two case studies reported in this work. The analysis of model proteins' (i.e. albumin, haemoglobin, cytochrome c and neuroglobin) interactions with well-known PFAS, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), demonstrated the potential of this native MS screening approach. In the first case study, untreated albumin and delipidated albumin were compared in the presence and absence of PFOA confirming that the delipidation step increases albumin affinity for PFOA without affecting protein stability. In the second case study, the applicability of our methodology to identify potential bioreceptors for PFOS/PFOA was extended to other proteins. Structurally related haemoglobin and neuroglobin revealed a 1 : 1 complex, whereas no binding was observed for cytochrome c. These studies have value as a proof-of-concept for a general application of native MS to identify bioreceptors for toxic compounds.
Metal-free synthesis of unsymmetric bis(thioesters) (2023)

The first metal-free protocol for efficient synthesis of unsymmetric bis(thioesters) <i>via</i> functionalization of dithiols with two different α,β-unsaturated aldehydes is presented. The methodology described leads to a novel class of dithiol-based building blocks.
Optimization of Well Width and N Content for Optical Properties of GaNAs/GaAs Multiple Quantum Well Grown by RF-Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2008)

We have investigated the optical properties in GaNAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with various GaNAs layer widths and N contents, which were fabricated on GaAs(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy using an RF-plasma source. In particular, when the GaNAs layer thickness, LW, was 3 monolayers (ML), the photoluminescence (PL) peak intensity around 1.31 eV was approximately 70 times stronger than that in the case of LW=10 ML. Moreover, the full width at half maximum of the dominant PL peak became narrow as GaNAs layer thickness decreased, even though N content was increased.
Alkylvanadium‐ und Alkylniob‐Reagenzien, III. über zwei unkonventionelle Methoden zur Charakterisierung labiler Organoübergangsmetall‐Komplexe; Anwendungen auf Allylderivate von VIII, VV, CrIII und MnII (1993)

Alkylvanadium and Alkylniobium Reagents, III [1] . – Two Unconventional Chemical Methods for the Characterisation of Labile Transition Metal Complexes; Application to Allyl Derivatives of V III , V V , Cr III , and Mn II Two little known chemical methods, the “Competition Constant Method” and the production of “Ligand Concentration/Product Yield Diagrams”, are suitable for the characterisation and identification of allyl and crotyl transition metal species prepared in solution. These methods (Figures 1 – 6) gave the following results: by transmetallation of 1 or 2 equivalents of allylMgBr with 1 equivalent of VCl 3 , CrCl 3 , or MnCl 2 and subsequent reaction with ketones, a diallyl ( 2, 23, 25 ) and not a monoallyl derivative of the transition metal reacts with the ketones, suggesting that the equilibrium: 2 allylMCI (allyl) 2 M + MCl 2 (M = VCl, CrCl, Mn) lies far to the right hand side. This assumption was confirmed by the IR spectrum in the case of vanadation of 1 and 2 equivalents of allylMgBr with VCl 3 and corresponds with the observation that by chromation of allylMgBr with 1 equivalent of CrCl 3 ca. 50% of the CrCl 3 remain unaffected although the allylMgBr is completely consumed. Conversely, according to the results of the “Competition Constant Method” vanadation of 1, 2, or 3 equivalents of allylMgBr with VOCl 3 gives three different allyl complexes which are believed to be allylVOCl 2 ( 5 ), (allyl) 2 VOCl ( 6 ), and (allyl) 3 VO ( 7 ). Vanadation of 1 or 2 equivalents of crotylMgBr with 1 or 2 equivalents of VCl 3 gives analogous results to the corresponding reactions with allylMgBr.
Model-based correction for local stress-induced overlay errors (2018)

Manufacturing embedded DRAM deep trench capacitors can involve etching very deep holes into silicon wafers<sup>1</sup>. Due to various design constraints, these holes may not be uniformly distributed across the wafer surface. Some wafer processing steps for these trenches results in stress effects which can distort the silicon wafer in a manner that creates localized alignment issues between the trenches and the structures built above them on the wafer. In this paper, we describe a method to model these localized silicon distortions for complex layouts involving billions of deep trench structures. We describe wafer metrology techniques and data which have been used to verify the stress distortion model accuracy. We also provide a description of how this kind of model can be used to manipulate the polygons in the mask tape out flow to compensate for predicted localized misalignments between design shapes from a deep trench mask and subsequent masks.
Creator Culture: An Introduction to Global Social Media Entertainment (2021)

Explores new perspectives on social media entertainmentThere is a new class of cultural producers-YouTube vloggers, Twitch gameplayers, Instagram influencers, TikTokers, Chinese wanghong, and others-who are part of a rapidly emerging and highly disruptive industry of monetized "user-generated" content. As this new wave of native social media entrepreneurs emerge, so do new formations of culture and the ways they are studied.In this volume, contributors draw on scholarship in media and communication studies, science and technology studies, and social media, Internet, and platform studies, in order to define this new field of study and the emergence of creator culture. Creator Culture introduces readers to new paradigms of social media entertainment from critical perspectives, demonstrating both relations to and differentiations from the well-established media forms and institutions traditionally within the scope of media studies.This volume does not seek to impose a uniform perspective; rather, the goal is to stimulate in-depth, globally-focused engagement with this burgeoning industry and establish a dynamic research agenda for scholars, teachers, and students, as well as creators and professionals across the media, communication, creative, and social media industries
Numerical predictions of surface wave phenomena for ultrasonic NDE (2003)

Finite-element analysis formulation has been developed for the simulation of ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation phenomena, which include the effects of finite aperture transducers and anisotropic material properties. The computer code has been validated qualitatively for 2-D simulations of elastic-wave propagation in an aluminium block by comparison with experimental measurements, and quantitatively for 2-D simulations of point sources acting on an infinite half-space by comparison with an analytical Cagniard-de-Hoop formulation. The authors describe how the finite-element formulation can be used to predict not only longitudinal and shear-wave propagation, but also the interaction of surface waves with cracks in materials.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comments on "Passivity-based control of saturated induction motors" (2003)

The authors comment on the paper by L.U. Gokdere et al. (see ibid., vol. 48, p.870-2, 2001). A review of the experimental evidence shows that passivity-based control of saturated induction motors does not provide superior performance over input-ouput linearization. Higher tracking errors can be observed and traced to the open-loop nature of the flux controller. In contrast, input-output linearization controllers achieve close tracking of flux, speed, and position references for the most demanding trajectories.
Robust, Multi-Length-Scale, Machine Learning Potential for Ag–Au Bimetallic Alloys from Clusters to Bulk Materials (2021)

Materials composed of Ag, Au, and Ag–Au alloys remain of great interest despite decades of intense research scrutiny. We interpret these efforts as an impetus for developing robust, accurate, and relatively fast computational methods for modeling these materials. Herein, we describe the training, development, and validation of a machine learning deep neural-network potential (DNP) for improved modeling of Ag–Au systems. This DNP was iteratively trained using density functional theory (DFT) to produce a robust multi-length-scale potential, which yields results comparable to DFT on a wide range of properties such as equilibrium and nonequilibrium lattices, mechanical properties, and defect energies. Further, this DNP can well describe adatom (Ag or Au) energy barriers for diffusion on {100}-, {110}-, and {111}-terminated surfaces (Ag or Au), in agreement with previously reported works. We utilized the DNP to study the nucleation and growth of simulated seeded core–shell Ag and Au nanoparticles (NP). We show that both nanoalloys grow such that {111} facets significantly increase at the expense of the {100} ones. In contrast, the Ag core NP is found to have a more disordered inner structure than the Au one and that Ag adatoms in Au@Ag NP have a more pronounced penetration power than Au in Ag@Au NP. These findings are rationalized in terms of adatom adsorption and diffusion energies.
Effect of ultraviolet radiation on the insecticidal activity of a Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) nucleopolyhedrovirus (2009)

The corn armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a polyphagous insect that causes important economic losses worldwide. Its control with highly toxic chemical insecticides is inefficient given the generation of resistance. Biological control with nucleopolyhedroviruses emerges as an alternative considering the efficacy and high specificity of these agents. However, baculoviruses are affected by environmental conditions, ultraviolet solar radiation being the most limiting factor for field efficacy. For this reason, the present work aimed to determine the susceptibility of a S. frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus to type UVA, UVB and UVC monochromatic ultraviolet radiation. Five concentrations of purified virus were exposed to each type of UV radiation over different times for a maximum of one hour. A negative effect of the three radiation types was observed on insecticidal activity, being greatest at higher exposure time and UV radiation energy. These results confirmed the need to develop a formulation which includes solar protectors for ensuring biopesticide efficacy under field conditions.
Activation and deactivation of soluble guanylate cyclase: Domain organization and the requirement for non-heme equivalents of nitric oxide. (2004)

The accepted model for activation and deactivation of the nitric oxide (NO) receptor soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) involves the formation and decay of a 5-coordinate ferrous-nitrosyl heme species. Using electronic absorption spectroscopy and kinetic analysis, the rate of dissociation of NO from the sGC heme and the rate of deactivation of NO-stimulated sGC were measured, and a discrepancy was found indicating that the 5-coordinate ferrous-nitrosyl species is not responsible for full activation of sGC. Therefore, the accepted model for activation and deactivation of sGC cannot be correct. It was shown that sGC could be isolated as a ferrous-nitrosyl complex with diminished activity relative to the fully stimulated enzyme, and that full activity could be recovered by addition of excess NO. This demonstrates that activation of the enzyme happens via the binding of NO to a non-heme site on the enzyme, indicating that the paradigm for activation and deactivation of sGC must be revised. Additionally, the catalytic domains of sGC were successfully expressed and purified for the first time. They are active as heterodimers, as is the full-length sGC, and are activated 300-fold by the presence of Mn<super>2+ </super> as compared to the physiological cofactor Mg<super>2+</super>. This degree of activation is reminiscent of activation of the full-length enzyme by NO, suggesting mechanistic similarities. The catalytic domains are inhibited by interaction with the N-terminal regulatory domain of sGC in <italic>trans </italic>, suggesting a domain-scale mechanism of activation by NO in which NO binding causes relief of an autoinhibitory interaction between the regulatory domain and the catalytic domain.
A case of upper mesentery arterial thrombosis and left renal infarction after left upper lobectomy (2020)

肺葉切除後の動脈血栓塞栓症は稀ではあるが，致死的になりうる重篤な合併症である．今回左肺上葉切除後に同時に2ヵ所の動脈血栓塞栓症を来した症例を経験したので報告する．
Investigation of Diffusion Action of Cu in Pure Aluminum Substrate (2005)

The Al-Cu eutectic brazing alloy is made to braze the pure aluminium substrates in vacuum.The diffusion phenomenon of element Cu is observed by means of SEM and EDS.The diffusion effect of Cu and final products in the substrate at different brazing temperature and heat preservation time are studied and discussed.The results indicated that the diffusion of Cu is not complete at low brazing temperature and short heat preservation time.It comes into being the θ phase(Al_2Cu),which is the most brittle phase in all Al- Cu phases,and forms serious segregation on the substrate's grain boundary.Although enhancing the brazing temperature and holding time could improve the diffusion effect of Cu,the exorbitant brazing temperature would cause the reappearance of the θ phase.It is important to choose the optimal technical parameters for getting the best quality of the welding line.
Complement component 4 genes contribute sex-specific vulnerability in diverse illnesses (2019)

Many common illnesses differentially affect men and women for unknown reasons. The autoimmune diseases lupus and Sjögren’s syndrome affect nine times more women than men 1,2 , whereas schizophrenia affects men more frequently and severely 3–5 . All three illnesses have their strongest common-genetic associations in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) locus, an association that in lupus and Sjögren’s syndrome has long been thought to arise from HLA alleles 6–13 . Here we show that the complement component 4 ( C4 ) genes in the MHC locus, recently found to increase risk for schizophrenia 14 , generate 7-fold variation in risk for lupus (95% CI: 5.88-8.61; p &lt; 10 −117 in total) and 16-fold variation in risk for Sjögren’s syndrome (95% CI: 8.59-30.89; p &lt; 10 −23 in total), with C4A protecting more strongly than C4B in both illnesses. The same alleles that increase risk for schizophrenia, greatly reduced risk for lupus and Sjögren’s syndrome. In all three illnesses, C4 alleles acted more strongly in men than in women: common combinations of C4A and C4B generated 14-fold variation in risk for lupus and 31-fold variation in risk for Sjögren’s syndrome in men (vs. 6-fold and 15-fold among women respectively) and affected schizophrenia risk about twice as strongly in men as in women. At a protein level, both C4 and its effector (C3) were present at greater levels in men than women in cerebrospinal fluid ( p &lt; 10 −5 for both C4 and C3) and plasma among adults ages 20-50 15–17 , corresponding to the ages of differential disease vulnerability. Sex differences in complement protein levels may help explain the larger effects of C4 alleles in men, women’s greater risk of SLE and Sjögren’s, and men’s greater vulnerability in schizophrenia. These results nominate the complement system as a source of sexual dimorphism in vulnerability to diverse illnesses.
The native arteriovenous fistula in 2007. Research needs. (2008)

Several research questions are open in the field of vascular access for hemodialysis. The present paper reviews both prognostic issues, such as the identification of factors for patient stratification before access insertion, and intervention questions, such as comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of different surgical solutions, the effects of different medications on vascular pathology, the different cannulation practices to prevent vessel wall lesions and technologies for early diagnosis of access dysfunction. Given that the quality of the available literature in nephrology is often suboptimal, nephrologists need to pay special attention to methodology issues before embarking on expensive multicenter studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic Substitution. Part 64. Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation of Aromatics with exo‐2‐Chloro‐ and 7‐Chloronorbornane. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Trace Determination of Mercury: A Review (1997)

Abstract Methods used for trace (sub-ppm) detection of mercury are reviewed. Included are spectrometric methods such as atomic absorption, fluorescence, emission, and mass spectrometry; electrochemical methods; and as radiometric methods as well as other common and novel techniques. Limits of detection are reported where given, and advantages and disadvantages are compared. Key Words: mercury
Immobilization strategies for peptide microarrrays (2012)

Peptide microarrays have been developed over the last decade into a technology that can profile biomolecules. It has proven to be a versatile tool for epitope-mapping, substrate profiling and probing antigen-antibody, protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions, which all can lead or have led to the discovery of new drugs and drug targets. Microarrays are convenient to use because only miniscule quantities are needed for screening a high number of substances. Peptides used in peptide microarrays are synthesized in such a way that they can bind via either a covalent or non-covalent bond to the microarray surface. These peptides often need a special functionality, but there are also strategies that make use of the occurring moieties in the peptide to achieve immobilization. This thesis gives a short summary of the development of peptide microarrays and discusses the strategies that have been developed for the immobilization of peptides on glass microscopic slides.
Narrow diameter double-wall carbon nanotubes: synthesis, electron microscopy and inelastic light scattering (2003)

International audience
Further Progress on the GM-MDS Conjecture for Reed-Solomon Codes (2018)

Designing good error correcting codes whose generator matrix has a support constraint, i.e., one for which only certain entries of the generator matrix are allowed to be nonzero, has found many recent applications, including in distributed coding and storage, multiple access networks, and weakly secure data exchange. The dual problem, where the parity check matrix has a support constraint, comes up in the design of locally repairable codes. The central problem here is to design codes with the largest possible minimum distance, subject to the given support constraint on the generator matrix. An upper bound on the minimum distance can be obtained through a set of singleton bounds, which can be alternatively thought of as a cut-set bound. Furthermore, it is well known that, if the field size is large enough, any random generator matrix obeying the support constraint will achieve the maximum minimum distance with high probability. Since random codes are not easy to decode, structured codes with efficient decoders, e.g., Reed-Solomon codes, are much more desirable. The GM-MDS conjecture of Dau et al states that the maximum minimum distance over all codes satisfying the generator matrix support constraint can be obtained by a Reed Solomon code. If true, this would have significant consequences. The conjecture has been proven for several special case: when the dimension of the code k is less than or equal to five, when the number of distinct support sets on the rows of the generator matrix m, say, is less than or equal to three, or when the generator matrix is sparsest and balanced. In this paper, we report on further progress on the GM-MDS conjecture. 1. In particular, we show that the conjecture is true for all m less than equal to six. This generalizes all previous known results (except for the sparsest and balanced case, which is a very special support constraint).
Correction for beam hardening in computed tomography (1979)

We investigate how one can estimate from the total attenuation, p, of a polyenergetic X-ray beam what the total attenuation, m, of a monoenergetic beam would have been along the same ray. We find that for beams with typical diagnostic X-ray spectra passing through the human body one can find a simple function f such that f(p) is a sufficiently close estimate of m to allow good reconstructions. We also find that m cannot be accurately estimated from p based on the assumption that the human body consists of water alone. Our results are demonstrated by reconstructions of a mathematical model of a cross-section of the human thorax. This article is self-contained and includes in its Appendices a detailed discussion of the mathematical nature of the problem of bean hardening in computed tomography.