gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Lipids in the Process of Hair Ageing (2022)

An obvious sign of ageing is the loss of hair colour due to a decrease or lack of melanin in hair fibres. An examination of the lipid levels and structure of grey hair determined using µ–FTIR revealed a high correlation between the characteristics of lipids located in the cuticle and the water dynamics of the fibres. Therefore, a deep study based on external and internal lipid extraction, an analysis using thin layer chromatography coupled to an automated flame ionisation detector, calorimetric analyses and the physico-chemical evaluation of the delipidated fibres were performed. Hairs were evaluated to identify changes in the organisation of these lipids using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and their effect on the water dynamics of the fibres. The primary differences observed for the lipid extracts from white hair compared to brown hair were the lower amount of the internal lipids extracted, which were primarily composed of free fatty acids (FFAs) and ceramides, with a higher content of lower phase transition peaks, indicating increased unsaturated compounds that promote higher fluidity of the lipid bilayers. The virgin white fibres exhibited lower levels of embedded water, with lower binding energies and higher water diffusion, indicating higher permeability. The IR study confirmed the low lipid levels and the greater disorder of white hair. These results may be of interest for cosmetic treatments to which patients with grey hair may be subjected.
A promiscuity locus confers Lotus burttii nodulation with rhizobia from five different genera (2021)

Abstract Legumes acquire access to atmospheric nitrogen through nitrogen fixation by rhizobia in root nodules. Rhizobia are soil dwelling organisms and there is a tremendous diversity of rhizobial species in different habitats. From the legume perspective, host range is a compromise between the ability to colonize new habitats, where the preferred symbiotic partner may be absent, and guarding against infection by suboptimal nitrogen fixers. Here, we investigate natural variation in rhizobial host range across Lotus species. We find that Lotus burttii is considerably more promiscuous than Lotus japonicus, represented by the Gifu accession, in its interactions with rhizobia. This promiscuity allows Lotus burttii to form nodules with Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium , and Allorhizobium species that represent five distinct genera. Using recombinant inbred lines, we have mapped the Gifu/ burttii promiscuity QTL to the same genetic locus regardless of rhizobial genus, suggesting a general genetic mechanism for host-range expansion. The Gifu/ burttii QTL now provides an opportunity for genetic and mechanistic understanding of promiscuous legume-rhizobia interactions.
The cryo-EM structure of hibernating 100S ribosome dimer from pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (2017)

Formation of 100S ribosome dimer is generally associated with translation suppression in bacteria. Trans-acting factors ribosome modulation factor (RMF) and hibernating promoting factor (HPF) were shown to directly mediate this process in E. coli. Gram-positive S. aureus lacks an RMF homolog and the structural basis for its 100S formation was not known. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the native 100S ribosome from S. aureus, revealing the molecular mechanism of its formation. The structure is distinct from previously reported analogs and relies on the HPF C-terminal extension forming the binding platform for the interactions between both of the small ribosomal subunits. The 100S dimer is formed through interactions between rRNA h26, h40, and protein uS2, involving conformational changes of the head as well as surface regions that could potentially prevent RNA polymerase from docking to the ribosome.Under conditions of nutrient limitation, bacterial ribosomes undergo dimerization, forming a 100S complex that is translationally inactive. Here the authors present the structural basis for formation of the 100S complexes in Gram-positive bacteria, shedding light on the mechanism of translation suppression by the ribosome-silencing factors.
A method for enucleating oocytes ofXenopus laevis (1977)

A method is described for the enucleation and complete healing of Xenopus oocytes so that the enucleated oocytes withstand multiple injections and culture for several days. The oocytes are defolliculated and enucleated manually and allowed to heal in a potassium phosphate buffer. Oocytes enucleated in this way support RNA synthesis by injected HeLa-cell nuclei 3 days later. This method is valuable in providing a low-background system in which transcription of injected nuclei can be studied.
Genotype-Directed Dosing Leads to Optimized Voriconazole Levels in Pediatric Patients Receiving Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2015)

Invasive fungal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), warranting antifungal prophylaxis as a standard of care in these patients. Voriconazole is commonly used in this setting because of its broad-spectrum activity and available dosage forms. There is wide well-known inter- and intrapatient variability in voriconazole concentrations, in part because concentrations are affected by common CYP2C19 polymorphisms. In 2 successive studies we have optimized voriconazole dosing to achieve target voriconazole serum concentrations using a genotype-specific dosing algorithm for antifungal prophylaxis in the post-HSCT period. In our pilot study all patients undergoing HSCT who received voriconazole antifungal prophylaxis were prospectively followed. Voriconazole concentrations were monitored weekly and doses adjusted until concentrations reached between 1 and 5.5 μg/L. The most common CYP2C19 polymorphisms were determined and correlated with voriconazole dose and time required to reach the target concentration range. In the subsequent study patients receiving voriconazole prophylaxis were dosed based on their CYP2C19 genotype and followed prospectively. In the pilot study 25 patients received voriconazole as antifungal prophylaxis for a median of 49 days (range, 15 to 196 days). The median time to reach the target concentration was 34 days for extensive metabolizers and 11 days for poor metabolizers. Three patients were genotyped as intermediate metabolizers; they reached the target concentration in a median of 56 days. Similarly, 2 patients who were genotyped as ultrarapid metabolizers reached the target range in 18 and 25 days. The time and dose required to reach the adequate concentration showed a trend toward correlation with individual CYP2C19 genotype, although voriconazole concentrations showed large interpatient variability in wild-type patients (extensive metabolizers). In our follow-up study, 20 patients received voriconazole prophylaxis prospectively dosed based on their CYP2C19 genotype. The median times to reach the target concentration using genotype-guided dosing were 9, 6.5, and 4 days for ultrarapid, extensive, and intermediate metabolizers, respectively. Overall, the median time to reach the target concentration with genotype-guided dosing was 6.5 days compared with a median time of 29 days when all patients were started on the same dose regardless of CYP2C19 genotype (P < .001). Our data show that traditional voriconazole dosing does not lead to timely achievement of target levels for fungal prophylaxis. However, a genotype-directed dosing algorithm allows patients to reach the voriconazole target range significantly sooner, providing better prophylaxis against fungal infections in the immediate post-transplant period.
Employment Satisfaction in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Its Influence on Graduating Residents in an Evolving Health Care Climate (2015)

In an evolving health care environment, plastic surgeons' employment satisfaction is significantly dependent on a myriad of factors. Residents and their attending mentors differ significantly in perceived importance of these factors.
Guided-wave second-harmonic generation in a LiNbO_3 nonlinear photonic crystal (2006)

We demonstrate twin-beam second-harmonic generation from telecommunications wavelengths in an optimized buried reverse proton exchanged planar waveguide made in 2D hexagonally poled LiNbO3. Experiments carried out with a nanosecond narrow-bandwidth, high-power fiber source thoroughly explored the response of the nonlinear photonic crystal device in terms of its power, wavelength, and angle tunability.
Human cumulus-enclosed germinal vesicle oocytes from early antral follicles reveal heterogeneous cellular and molecular features associated with in vitro maturation capacity (2015)

This study was supported by research grants by the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders, project numbers IWT 130327 and 110680; the Fund for Research Flanders, project number FWO G.0343.13, the Belgian Foundation Against Cancer (HOPE project) and COOK Medical. None of the authors has any competing interest to declare.
SCA2003-28: ANISOTROPY OF RESISTIVITY IN OIL BEARING THIN-BEDDED FORMATION: EXPERIMENT AND MODELING (2003)

In this paper, anisotropy of resistivity of thin-bedded formation is investigated experimentally and numerically. The experiments consist of measurements of anisotropy of resistivity on twin-plugs of laminated cores as a function of oil/water saturation. Our results show a clear increase of the anisotropy of resistivity when Sw decreases. This result demonstrates that anisotropy of resistivity is induced by the difference of saturation between the sand layer (oil bearing) and the fine grain layers (water bearing). Our modeling work was designed to compare the robustness of various equations for estimating water saturation. Four models have been defined: a thinly laminated coarse grain sand, a thinly laminated fine grain sand, a thinly laminated sand-shale and a turbidite. The vertical and horizontal resistivity of each formation is calculated with a dual water model. This anisotropy of resistivity is used to compare the oil content in the original model and the one obtained from various Sw equations. This work demonstrates that the use of resistivity parallel (ρh) and transverse (ρv) to the bedding planes and an accurate volume of fine grain, gives better Sw values than shaly-sand equations when we know only the horizontal resistivity. In addition, a new Sw equation for shaly sandstone, which uses both ρv and ρh but does not require the knowledge of water resistivity, is proposed.
Particle size effect on the superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7−x particles (2017)

YBCO samples with different microstructures were prepared after the thermal treatment of a precursor previously obtained by autocombustion. A drastic influence of the particle size on the magnetic behavior of the samples was observed. Thus, particles smaller than 110 nm do not exhibit superconducting properties and for those ranging around 200 nm the diamagnetic signal characteristic of the superconductivity at low temperature disappears in a large applied magnetic field. Particles larger than 300 nm do not exhibit the particle size effect. Accompanying such a phenomenon, an increase of the superconducting critical temperature is observed with the augmentation of the particle size, the lowest value being 18 K which corresponds to 110 nm particles.
SERS Detection of Multiple Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Using Nanosensors (2017)

Successful pathogen detection is crucial for public health as the threat of infectious disease is dramatically increasing globally due to bacteria developing resistance to many antimicrobial drugs. The increase in bacterial infections has led to urgent demands for simpler, faster, and more reliable detection methods to be developed allowing the most appropriate therapy to be provided. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an analytical technique which has gained a great deal of interest for biosensing due to its sensitivity, selectivity, and multiplexing capabilities. A new bionanosensor has been developed for the isolation and detection of multiple bacterial pathogens via magnetic separation and SERS. This novel assay format involves using lectin functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for capture and isolation of bacteria from the sample matrix followed by specifically detecting bacterial pathogens using SERS active nanoparticles functionalized with antibodies which are strain specific. Therefore, the sample is captured using a "magnetic plug" and interrogated with a laser allowing simple and fast optical detection. Three bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) were successfully isolated and detected, with the lowest concentration for each of the strains detected at just 10<sup>1</sup> colony forming units per mL (CFU/mL). In addition to single pathogen detection, a mixture of all three bacterial strains was isolated and identified within the same sample matrix using SERS with the triplex detection also being confirmed using principal component analysis. Herein, we demonstrate that this multiplexed bionanosensor is capable of providing rapid and sensitive discrimination of bacterial pathogens both individually, and within a multiplex system, offering opportunities for future point of care devices and advancements in biomedical applications.
Geometric Phase Based Circular Array for Multimode Vortex Beam Generation (2019)

Abstract A geometric phase model for electromagnetic radiating elements is proposed. By rotation of the radiating element, a frequency‐independent geometric phase occurs for circularly polarized components of radiation field along every direction in far field. In addition, the geometric phase is equal to the rotation angle for a circularly polarized source, which enables phase modulation ranging from 0 to 2π. In contrast, the Pancharatnam–Berry phase for circular polarization conversion components brought by optical element rotation is twice the rotation angle and is applicable only for the scattering waves propagating along the rotation axis. As a proof of principle, an antenna array is designed and fabricated in microwave regime to verify the phase modulation approach. Both the calculated and measured results verify that three different orbital angular momentum modes are generated simultaneously at 8.5 GHz and 11.5 GHz.
Biosynthesis of Citirinin in Aspergillus terreus. Incorporation Studies with [2-13C,2-2H3],[1-13C,18O2] and [1-13C,17O]Acetate (1981)

Asbstract: Incorporation of H and ' ' 0 of [z-'~c.~-~HI and [1-13~,180 ] acetate into citrinin(1) was confirmed by using 13c-NMR, and incorporation of 3170 from [1-13~,217~~ acetate was also detected by 170-NMR.Citrinin(l), a pentaketide mycotoxin produced by fungi belonging to Aspergitti and Penicittia,') -
Orbital Involvement in Multiple Myeloma: First Sign of Insufficient Chemotherapy (2003)

Orbital involvement in multiple myeloma is unusual. We describe the case of a 60-year-old male who presented with left proptosis, reduced visual acuity, diplopia and progressing signs of globe indentation 2 months after chemotherapy for multiple myeloma. MRI showed a well-defined tumor filling the mediobasal part of the left orbit. Incisional biopsy and reduction of tumor mass were performed using an anterior transconjunctival orbitotomy. Histopathologic findings and further systemic examination confirmed the reactivation of the multiple myeloma. Proptosis, intraocular pressure and visual acuity improved following external beam radiation therapy of the left orbit and repeated systemic chemotherapy. Orbital involvement in multiple myeloma was the only sign of insufficient chemotherapy.
Looking Forward in a Failing World: Adolf A. Berle, Jr., the United States, and Global Order in the Interwar Years (2019)

This essay explores Berle’s understanding of American power and its relationship to global order in the era between the First and Second World Wars. I first survey the history of progressive internationalism in the 1920s in order to situate Berle’s approach to U.S. foreign relations and global affairs, before proceeding to a close examination of Berle’s immediate response to the aftermath of World War I, and then his foreign policy activities as part of the Roosevelt administration in the late 1930s and early 1940s. My analysis focuses in particular on his public efforts to promote a transformative vision of global affairs based on two principles: (1) a belief in the exceptionalism of the Americas as a solution to the constant turmoil of power politics on the European continent; and (2) a faith in a liberal international economic order as the answer to the growing geopolitical strife of the post-World War I decades.
Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) Study of 4H-SiC Schottky Diodes and PiN Diodes (2019)

We have studied capacitance mode Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) of five 4H-SiC Schottky diode and PiN diode designs. Comparing with previous DLTS studies, we have identified four traps levels, Z 1/2 , EH 1 , EH 3 and EH 5 . Additionally, a new trap level, EH 1 , is prominent in blanket Al + and B + high-energy implanted samples but less so in mask-implanted samples. Al + implantation increases EH 3 (associated with silicon vacancy) and EH 5 , while B + implantation significantly reduces EH 3 . The Z 1/2 peak (associated with carbon vacancy) is reduced to very low levels after B + and Al + implantation.
Stereo and Surround Panning in Practice (2002)

The apparent position of speech and music sound sources was investigated using both a two channel loudspeaker array and a three channel loudspeaker array. The results showed that a sine-cosine pan law was reasonably accurate for the three channel array, but consistently produced sharp images who’s positions were consistently wider than expected with a two channel array. The discrepancy was investigated using a headphone model. We found the apparent position depends strongly on the spectrum of the source, with speech frequencies tending to dominate the overall impression.
Infection of peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo with feline immunodeficiency virus (1989)

Macrophages were harvested from the peritoneal cavities of healthy specific-pathogen-free cats by saline lavage. Three days before collection, the peritoneal cavities were stimulated with glutaraldehyde-fixed Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to induce greater numbers of macrophages and to begin the activation sequence. Peritoneal macrophages from cats stimulated once with yeast consisted mainly of small macrophages and a smaller number of larger activated macrophages. After several days in culture, many of the small macrophages became activated and a portion of the activated macrophages developed into multinucleated giant cells. Peritoneal cells from cats that were stimulated twice or three times with yeast at 3-week intervals consisted of a higher proportion of activated macrophages initially and produced more and larger multinuclear giant cells with time. Cultures of peritoneal cells stimulated once with yeast were easily infected in vitro with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and produced a transient burst of reverse transcriptase activity. After the initial burst of virus replication, the infection became latent. Even more multinucleated giant cells appeared after infection, and many of these cells fused with each other. Replicating virus could be rescued from the latently infected macrophages after 2 to 3 weeks of phorbol myristate acetate stimulation and cocultivation with T-lymphocyte-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Multiply stimulated peritoneal cells, which contained a much higher proportion of activated macrophages, could also be infected in vitro with FIV. The infection usually became latent, however, without going through an initial replicative stage. Peritoneal cells from chronically FIV-infected specific-pathogen-free cats contained a higher proportion of activated macrophages and were latently infected with FIV from the outset.
CIAO: Coronagraphic Imager with Adaptive Optics on the Subaru Telescope (2004)

We present the performances of direct imaging with adaptive optics, coronagraph, and imaging-polarimetry of the coronagraphic imager with adaptive optics (CIAO) for the Subaru telescope. Combining with the 36-element adaptive optics system, CIAO produces high-resolution images with a full width at half maximum of ${0\rlap {.}{}^{\mathrm {\prime \prime }}072}$ and a Strehl ratio of 0.28 in the $K$ band. CIAO has a Lyot’s-type stellar coronagraph facility with ${0\rlap {.}{}^{\mathrm {\prime \prime }}1}$ to ${4\rlap {.}{}^{\mathrm {\prime \prime }}0}$ diameter masks. The limiting magnitude difference of a companion star at the $K$ band is 11.0 mag at $5\,\sigma$, 10 minutes integration time, and ${2\rlap {.}{}^{\mathrm {\prime \prime }}0}$ separation from the central star. CIAO also has a polarimetry facility with a rotatable half-wave plate and a wire grid polarizer. Currently, the measurement of $JHK$ band linear polarization is available.
Solvenskontrollierte Selektivität bei der Synthese fünfgliedriger Carbocyclen aus Carbenkomplexen (2003)

So oder so? Erstaunlich unterschiedliche Produkte können bei der Reaktion von Fischer-Alkenylcarbenkomplexen mit 1,3-Dienen anfallen. Sowohl das Lösungsmittel als auch die Reaktionstemperatur sind für die Selektivität entscheidend, wenn auch unser derzeitiges mechanistisches Verständnis dieser Reaktionen keine genaue Vorhersage der Produkte zulässt.
A Guaranteed Secure Scan Design Based on Test Data Obfuscation by Cryptographic Hash (2020)

Design-for-testability (DfT) techniques have been widely adopted into the integrated circuit (IC) design process to facilitate manufacture testing. The scan-based DfT architecture is a popular DfT feature that provides full testability for the circuit under test. However, this turns into a double-edged sword for some ICs such as cryptographic chips because scan design could be used as a side channel to access the intermediate encryption results, with which the cipher key can be deduced easily. To resist such scan-based side-channel attacks, many countermeasures are proposed to obfuscate the test data in scan chain. Unfortunately, most of the obfuscation logic, due to the performance and resource constraints, cannot be proven to be irreversible and hence suffers a high risk for the correct test data being derived from the obfuscated output. In this article, we propose to utilize the cryptographic hash module for some post-processing of the test responses in order to secure the scan design. Our approach has several clear advantages over existing ones. First, the security is guaranteed based on the preimage resistance of cryptographic hash function and the introduced salt information and data collection scheme. Second, it incurs low overhead because the hash module is normally available on the IC, in particular, those where security is important. Finally, full testability is retained as we are not modifying any test input. We present the implementation of the proposed secure design, report the experimental results, and demonstrate that our approach can resist all known scan-based side-channel attacks with negligible overhead while maintaining the testability and other testing performances.