gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Berechnung von Stoßwellen-Daten für reale Gase (1959)

Im vorigen Kapitel wurden die Erhaltungsgleichungen für Masse, Impuls und Energie für ideale Gase mit konstanter spezifischer Wärme gelöst. Reale Gase gehorchen jedoch bei hohen Dichten nicht mehr der Gleichung für ideale Gase, auch ist bei hohen Temperaturen ihre spezifische Wärme eine Funktion der Temperatur. In diesem Kapitel sollen die Bedingungen, unter denen Realgaseffekte bedeutsam werden und die Art und Weise, wie man sie bei der Berechnung von Gleichgewichtsdaten von Stoßwellen berücksichtigt, untersucht werden. Im nächsten Abschnitt wird gezeigt, daß man bei der Berechnung der einzelnen Daten von Stoßwellen fast immer das Gesetz für ideale Gase verwenden kann, da die Gasdichten relativ niedrig, die Temperaturen aber hoch sind. Die spezifische Wärme vieler Molekülarten ist in der Nähe der Zimmertemperatur praktisch konstant. Bei höheren Temperaturen werden jedoch die Schwingungsfreiheitsgrade angeregt und ergeben einen merklichen Beitrag zur spezifischen Wärme. Finden chemische Reaktionen statt, so wird dadurch die Wärmekapazität sehr stark beeinflußt. Die Berechnung dieses Einflusses wird in Abschnitt C behandelt. In Abschnitt D wird die Berechnung der kalorischen Zustandsgieichung einer willkürlichen Gasmischung behandelt, die Teilchen mit angeregten Schwingungsfreiheitsgraden enthält und in der gleichzeitig nebeneinander verschiedene Zerfallsreaktionen ablaufen. Anschließend wird die Lösung der Stoßwellengleichungen, sowohl für den einfallenden, wie für den reflektierten Stoß unter Verwendung einer allgemeinen kalorischen Zustandsgieichung diskutiert. Schließlich werden im letzten Abschnitt einige Stoßwellendaten für die als real behandelten Gase Ar, CO, Br2, SF6, sowie Mischungen von Ar mit N2 und CO wiedergegeben. Flüssigkeiten und Festkörper1) werden in diesem Kapitel nicht behandelt, da bei ihnen die Experimente im allgemeinen gerade zur Bestimmung der Zustandsgieichung dienen. Auch findet nur sehr geringe Erwärmung statt, wie man aus der Form der Zustandsgieichung sieht. Die spezifische Wärme kann als nahezu konstant betrachtet werden.
The ACSI Hub: A Data-centric Environment for Service Interoperation. (2014)

Abstract. The business artifact approach to modeling business processes and web service orchestration is gaining wide attention because it enables a holistic marriage of data and process, that in turn supports an intuitive, top-down view of processes, rich flexibility, and verification in the presence of data. The Guard-Stage-Milestone (GSM) variant of artifacts provides a declarative approach for specifying artifact lifecycles (that is, possible sequencings of activities relevant to an artifact), and provides the foundation for the recent OMG Case Management Model and Notation (CMMN) standard. The ACSI Hub system, open-sourced in 2013 [4], uses the artifact-based approach to support service orchestration, and the demo shows in particular how it works with GSM-based artifacts. The demo shows several capabilities of the ACSI Hub system, including design of the ser-vice orchestration schema, configuring of access rights for different participating services, and execution of the overall orchestration as viewed by the participat-ing services. As such, it demonstrates the feasibility and naturalness of using a declarative artifact-based (or case-based) approach for managing flexible service orchestration. 1
Calculating Pharmacokinetic Areas (2022)

Abstract Although it is recognized that pharmacokinetic processes follow exponential processes, area under the curve ( AUC ) estimations are frequently carried out using linear trapezoidal methods. This is justified based on the fact that most human studies are carried out following oral dosing, and it is believed that a logarithmic trapezoidal method will markedly underpredict the areas for increasing drug concentrations. Here we show that increasing concentrations can be estimated more accurately using a new simple logarithmic method for increasing concentrations. Further, no previous discussion of linear versus logarithmic calculation has been published for area under the moment curve ( AUMC ) calculations. Thus, the derivation of a new methodology for calculating area values for logarithmic processes exhibiting increasing values of concentrations and moments is shown. Use of the methodology is presented and compared with the presently utilized linear approach. Pharmacokinetic absorption and elimination processes are primarily assumed to follow an exponential process, so that measurements of concentrations over time exhibit exponential versus linear relationships with time. Therefore, calculations of AUC should be more accurate using logarithmic methods than with linear methods. It is recognized that for decreasing concentrations with time, more accurate calculations of AUC will be estimated using the logarithmic trapezoidal rather than the linear trapezoidal rule. However, it was believed that logarithmic AUC calculations would be more inaccurate for increasing concentrations and moment values. Therefore, there is no generally recommended rule as to how AUC s should be estimated. We show here that a simple logarithmic methodology can be utilized for all increasing values except to the first measurement after time zero. It appears that for concentration-time curves, AUC will be best estimated using logarithmic methods for both increasing and decreasing concentrations. However, it appears that for well-designed sampling schedules, the increased accuracy of using logarithmic trapezoidal methods versus using linear trapezoidal methods is not sufficient to give significant errors in clearance calculations. In contrast, here we show that using linear area calculations for AUMC is probably more accurate than using any combination of linear and logarithmic methods.
Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm for Job Shop Scheduling Problem in Discrete Manufacturing Enterprise (2015)

Job Shop scheduling should satisfy the constraints of time, order and resource. To solve this NP-Hard problem, multi-optimization for job shop scheduling problem (JSSP) in discrete manufacturing plant is researched. Objective of JSSP in discrete manufacturing enterprise was analyzed, and production scheduling optimization model was constructed with the optimization goal of minimizing the bottleneck machines’ make-span and the total products’ tardiness; Then, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to solve this model by the process-based encoding mode; To solve the premature convergence problem of PSO, advantages of Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm, such as better global optimization performance, was integrated into PSO algorithm and a Hybrid PSO-SA Algorithm (HPSA) was proposed and the flowchart was presented; Then, this hybrid algorithm was applied in actual production scheduling of a discrete manufacturing enterprise. Finally, comparative analysis of HPSA/SA/PSO optimal methods and actual scheduling plan was carried out, which verify the result that the HPSA is effective and superiority.
Micromachine Wedge Stepping Motor (1998)

Abstract A wedge stepping motor, which will index a mechanism, has been designed and fabricated in the surface micromachine SUMMiT (Sandia Ultra-planar Multi-level MEMS Technology) [1] process. This device has demonstrated the ability to index one gear tooth at a time with speeds up to 205 teeth/sec. The wedge stepper motor has the following features, which will be useful in a number of applications. • The ability to precisely position mechanical components. • Simple pulse signals can be used for operation. • Only 2 drive signals are required for operation. • Torque and precision capabilities increase with device size. • The device to be indexed is restrained at all times by the wedge shaped tooth that is used for actuation. This paper will discuss the theory of operation and design of the wedge stepping motor. The fabrication and testing of the device will also be presented.
Apoptosis, G1 Phase Stall, and Premature Differentiation Account for Low Chimeric Competence of Human and Rhesus Monkey Naive Pluripotent Stem Cells (2020)

After reprogramming to naive pluripotency, human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) still exhibit very low ability to make interspecies chimeras. Whether this is because they are inherently devoid of the attributes of chimeric competency or because naive PSCs cannot colonize embryos from distant species remains to be elucidated. Here, we have used different types of mouse, human, and rhesus monkey naive PSCs and analyzed their ability to colonize rabbit and cynomolgus monkey embryos. Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remained mitotically active and efficiently colonized host embryos. In contrast, primate naive PSCs colonized host embryos with much lower efficiency. Unlike mouse ESCs, they slowed DNA replication after dissociation and, after injection into host embryos, they stalled in the G1 phase and differentiated prematurely, regardless of host species. We conclude that human and non-human primate naive PSCs do not efficiently make chimeras because they are inherently unfit to remain mitotically active during colonization.
Interaction of ANP and bradykinin during endopeptidase 24.11 inhibition: renal effects (1990)

Experiments were performed on anesthetized rats to determine whether inhibition of endopeptidase 24.11 (EP) potentiates the biological activity of atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP-(99-126), and to examine the mechanisms that underlie this effect. Thiorphan (30 mg/kg iv), an inhibitor of EP, produced a modest increase in urinary sodium excretion when administered alone but did not affect urine flow, mean arterial pressure (MAP), or the endogenous level of plasma ANP. The infusion of ANP-(99-126) alone (67 ng.kg-1.min-1 iv) produced a modest natriuresis and decrease in MAP while increasing plasma ANP levels fivefold. When thiorphan (30 mg/kg iv) was administered during the ANP infusion, urine flow and urinary sodium excretion increased markedly but no further decrease in MAP or increase in plasma ANP levels was observed. This potentiation of the renal actions of ANP was not mediated by inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme, an increase in glomerular filtration rate, or an increase in renal blood flow but was completely abolished by a specific antagonist of the bradykinin receptor [( DArg0, Hyp3, Thi5, DPhe7, Thi8]bradykinin, 30 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 iv). These data suggest that inhibitors of EP can potentiate the renal activity of ANP by a mechanism which is independent of altered ANP catabolism and which may involve the accumulation of bradykinin, another substrate for EP, within the kidney.
Blind and Robust Watermarking of 3D Models: How to Withstand the Cropping Attack? (2007)

International audience
Cognitive deficits and increases in creatine precursors in a brain‐specific knockout of the creatine transporter gene Slc6a8 (2018)

Creatine transporter (CrT; SLC6A8) deficiency (CTD) is an X-linked disorder characterized by severe cognitive deficits, impairments in language and an absence of brain creatine (Cr). In a previous study, we generated floxed Slc6a8 (Slc6a8 <sup>flox</sup> ) mice to create ubiquitous Slc6a8 knockout (Slc6a8<sup>-/y</sup> ) mice. Slc6a8<sup>-/y</sup> mice lacked whole body Cr and exhibited cognitive deficits. While Slc6a8<sup>-/y</sup> mice have a similar biochemical phenotype to CTD patients, they also showed a reduction in size and reductions in swim speed that may have contributed to the observed deficits. To address this, we created brain-specific Slc6a8 knockout (bKO) mice by crossing Slc6a8<sup>flox</sup> mice with Nestin-cre mice. bKO mice had reduced cerebral Cr levels while maintaining normal Cr levels in peripheral tissue. Interestingly, brain concentrations of the Cr synthesis precursor guanidinoacetic acid were increased in bKO mice. bKO mice had longer latencies and path lengths in the Morris water maze, without reductions in swim speed. In accordance with data from Slc6a8 <sup>-/y</sup> mice, bKO mice showed deficits in novel object recognition as well as contextual and cued fear conditioning. bKO mice were also hyperactive, in contrast with data from the Slc6a8 <sup>-/y</sup> mice. The results show that the loss of cerebral Cr is responsible for the learning and memory deficits seen in ubiquitous Slc6a8<sup>-/y</sup> mice.
Innovations in drug delivery systems (1983)

The history of pharmaceuticals has reflected a concern with the development of new chemical entities. Only recently has the importance of dosage form design been recognized as a vital component of effective therapy. Not only has the time and expense involved in the research of the new molecules escalated dramatically, but it has been discovered that many of these products might be improved through incorporation in rate-controlled dosage forms. Conventional formulations have provided vehicles with which to introduce agents into the body. New therapeutic systems offer great versatility since they permit localized treatment of specific tissues, sophisticated methods of animal experimentation, and controlled-release methods for systemic delivery. These new dosage forms are diverse, precise, and adaptable in many therapeutic situations. A membrane-controlled gastro-intestinal therapeutic (GIT) system resembling a conventional tablet in external appearance has recently been developed. This system is designed for the constant, controlled release over a period of 10 to 12 hours of drug in solution and uses osmotic activity as the source of energy. The GIT system, as used for 'Osmosin' (sodium indomethacin trihydrate), differs from conventional sustained-release and other controlled-release dosage forms in that the rate of release is not dependent upon pH to release the medication and is designed, therefore, to overcome the problems associated with unpredictable release patterns.
Angiogenesis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2012)

Abstract Angiogenesis is a crucial component of lung pathophysiology, not only in cancer but also in other disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In COPD angiogenesis is definitely able to control and orchestrate the progression of airway remodeling. Herein, we provide several remarkable translational aspects of angiogenesis in COPD, exploring both basic and clinical research in this field. Indeed, we present a number of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, which can be also used as potential biomarkers to monitor disease progression.This pre-print has subsequently been published at http://www.unisa.it/uploads/7100/06.pdf
PPM1D is a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer (2014)

Protein phosphatase, Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Mn<sup>2+</sup> dependent, 1D (PPM1D) has been associated with carcinogenesis. The present study investigated PPM1D expression as a potential biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC). PPM1D expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry in 368 patients with CRC. The correlation between PPM1D expression, clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed. PPM1D small interfering (si)RNA-induced PPM1D silencing was performed in CRC cell lines to assess the effect of PPM1D on tumor cell proliferation and invasion <i>in vitro</i>. A total of 68.48% (252/368) of the CRC samples displayed high PPM1D expression. By contrast, only 9.24% (34/368) of the matched non-cancerous tissue samples exhibited high PPM1D expression. High PPM1D expression was correlated with node metastasis (P=0.0024), distant metastasis (P<0.001) and TNM stage (P=0.0016). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with low PPM1D expression had significantly longer survival than those with high PPM1D expression (P=0.012). Moreover, multivariate analyses demonstrated that high PPM1D expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio = 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.86; P=0.004). Furthermore, PPM1D gene silencing was found to significantly reduce the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells <i>in vitro</i>. These findings suggest a role for PPM1D as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in CRC.
Multi-robot path planning for a swarm of robots that can both fly and drive (2017)

The multi-robot path planning problem has been extensively studied for the cases of flying and driving vehicles. However, path planning for the case of vehicles that can both fly and drive has not yet been considered. Driving robots, while stable and energy efficient, are limited to mostly flat terrain. Quadcopters, on the other hand, are agile and highly mobile but have low energy efficiency and limited battery life. Combining a quadcopter with a driving mechanism presents a path planning challenge by enabling the selection of paths based off of both time and energy consumption. In this paper, we introduce a framework for multi-robot path planning for a swarm of flying-and-driving vehicles. By putting a lightweight driving platform on a quadcopter, we create a robust vehicle with an energy efficient driving mode and an agile flight mode. We extend two algorithms, priority planning with Safe Interval Path Planning and a multi-commodity network flow ILP, to accommodate multimodal locomotion, and we show that these algorithms can indeed plan collision-free paths for flying-and-driving vehicles on 3D graphs. Finally, we demonstrate that our system is able to plan paths and control the motions of 8 of our vehicles in a miniature town.
A proof of concept for targeting the PrPC - Amyloid β peptide interaction in basal prostate cancer and mesenchymal colon cancer (2022)

The cellular prion protein PrP<sup>C</sup> partners with caveolin-1 (CAV1) in neurodegenerative diseases but whether this interplay occurs in cancer has never been investigated. By leveraging patient and cell line datasets, we uncover a molecular link between PrP<sup>C</sup> and CAV1 across cancer. Using cell-based assays, we show that PrP<sup>C</sup> regulates the expression of and interacts with CAV1. PrP<sup>C</sup> additionally controls the expression of the amyloid precursor protein APP and of the Aβ generating enzyme BACE1, and regulates the levels of Aβ, whose accumulation is a central event in Alzheimer's disease. We further identify DKK1 and DKK3, involved in both Alzheimer's disease and cancer progression, as targets of the PrP<sup>C</sup>-dependent axis. Finally, we establish that antibody-mediated blocking of the Aβ-PrP<sup>C</sup> interaction delays the growth of prostate cancer cell line-derived xenografts and prevents the development of metastases. Our data additionally support an enrichment of the Aβ-PrP<sup>C</sup>-dependent pathway in the basal subtype of prostate cancer, associated with anti-hormonal therapy resistance, and in mesenchymal colon cancer, associated with poor prognosis. Thus, based on a parallel with neurodegenerative diseases, our results bring to light an Aβ-PrP<sup>C</sup> axis and support the potential of targeting this pathway in patients with selected subtypes of prostate and colon cancer.
High Seminal Platelet‐Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase Activity in Men With Spinal Cord Injury (2006)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes male infertility, with low sperm motility the major long-term cause. It has been suggested in previous studies that some seminal components may be responsible for the pathological asthenozoospermia. It is hypothesized that platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase (PAFah), which originates in the epididymis and other accessory sexual glands, may be a causative factor. This enzyme catalyzes PAF to acetate and biologically inactive lyso-PAF. PAF is well recognized to be an important phospholipid mediator that stimulates sperm motility and enhances sperm capacitation and fertilization. The present study was designed to analyze differences in PAFah activity in semen of men with SCI and age-matched healthy men. PAFah assay reagent kits were used to measure enzymatic activity by monitoring the production rates of 4-nitrophenol on a spectrophotometer during a given interval. The results showed that subjects with SCI had a higher concentration of PAFah than men in the control group (P < .001). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between enzymatic activity and sperm motility (r(2) = 0.8449; P < .001). Further studies will determine whether seminal vesicle dysfunction in men with SCI leads to abnormal PAFah activity, resulting in low sperm motility.
Myocardial Protection by Erythropoietin During Resuscitation from Ventricular Fibrillation (2007)

Human recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO) can protect the myocardium during ischemia and reperfusion. We investigated whether rhEPO could ameliorate previously identified functional myocardial abnormalities that develop during resuscitation from cardiac arrest, using a rat model of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and closed-chest resuscitation. VF was electrically induced and maintained, untreated, for 10 minutes. Chest compression and ventilation were then started and electrical defibrillation was attempted 8 minutes later. Rats were randomized to receive rhEPO (5000 U/kg) in the right atrium at baseline, 15 minutes before induction of VF (rhEPOBL -15-min), or at 10 minutes of VF, immediately before the start of chest compression (rhEPOVF 10-min), or to receive 0.9% NaCl solution instead (control). rhEPO given at the time of resuscitation (rhEPOVF 10-min group) -- but not at baseline -- prompted more effective chest compression, yielding higher coronary perfusion pressures for a given compression depth (1.95 +/- 0.27 mm Hg/mm; P < 0.05 in comparison with rhEPOBL -15-min [1.63 +/- 0.23 mm Hg/mm] and control [1.62 +/- 0.26 mm Hg/mm], by Dunnett's multicomparison method). Post-resuscitation, rats in the rhEPOVF 10-min group displayed higher mean aortic pressure associated with numerically higher cardiac index, stroke work index, and systemic vascular resistance index. rhEPO may rapidly induce myocardial protection during resuscitation from cardiac arrest.
A TACROLIMUS-RELATED IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT WITH BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES DISTINCT FROM THOSE OF TACROLIMUS (1998)

Tacrolimus (FK506) is an immunosuppressive drug 50-100 times more potent than cyclosporine (CsA), the current mainstay of organ transplant rejection therapy. Despite being chemically unrelated, CsA and tacrolimus exert their immunosuppressive effects through the inhibition of calcineurin (CaN), a critical signaling molecule during T-lymphocyte activation. Although numerous clinical studies have proven the therapeutic efficacy of drugs within this class, tacrolimus and CsA also have a strikingly similar profile of unwanted side effects.Our objective has been to identify a less toxic immunosuppressant through the modification of ascomycin (FK520). Quantitative in vitro immunosuppression and toxicity assays have demonstrated (see the accompanying article, p. 18) that we achieved our goal with L-732,531 (indolyl-ascomycin; indolyl-ASC), a 32-O-(1-hydroxyethylindol-5-yl) ascomycin derivative with an improved therapeutic index relative to tacrolimus.We report that the attributes of indolyl-ASC may result from its distinctive biochemical properties. In contrast to tacrolimus, indolyl-ASC binds poorly to FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12), the major cytosolic receptor for tacrolimus and related compounds. However, the stability of the interaction between the FKBP12-indolyl-ASC complex and CaN is much greater than that of the FKBP12-tacrolimus complex. These distinguishing properties of indolyl-ASC result in the potent inhibition of CaN within T lymphocytes but may lower the accumulation of the drug at sites of toxicity.Indolyl-ASC may define those properties needed to increase the therapeutic efficacy of a macrolactam immunoregulant for treating both human autoimmune disease and organ transplant rejection.