gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Targetable Signaling Pathway Mutations Are Associated with Malignant Phenotype in <i>IDH</i>-Mutant Gliomas (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Isocitrate dehydrogenase (&lt;i&gt;IDH&lt;/i&gt;) gene mutations occur in low-grade and high-grade gliomas. We sought to identify the genetic basis of malignant phenotype heterogeneity in &lt;i&gt;IDH&lt;/i&gt;-mutant gliomas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; We prospectively implanted tumor specimens from 20 consecutive &lt;i&gt;IDH1&lt;/i&gt;-mutant glioma resections into mouse brains and genotyped all resection specimens using a CLIA-certified molecular panel. Gliomas with cancer driver mutations were tested for sensitivity to targeted inhibitors &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Associations between genomic alterations and outcomes were analyzed in patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; By 10 months, 8 of 20 &lt;i&gt;IDH1&lt;/i&gt;-mutant gliomas developed intracerebral xenografts. All xenografts maintained mutant &lt;i&gt;IDH1&lt;/i&gt; and high levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate on serial transplantation. All xenograft-producing gliomas harbored “lineage-defining” mutations in &lt;i&gt;CIC&lt;/i&gt; (oligodendroglioma) or &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt; (astrocytoma), and 6 of 8 additionally had activating mutations in &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; or amplification of &lt;i&gt;PDGFRA&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;MET&lt;/i&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;N-MYC&lt;/i&gt;. Only &lt;i&gt;IDH1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;CIC&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt; mutations were detected in non–xenograft-forming gliomas (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0007). Targeted inhibition of the additional alterations decreased proliferation &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Moreover, we detected alterations in known cancer driver genes in 13.4% of &lt;i&gt;IDH&lt;/i&gt;-mutant glioma patients, including &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;AKT&lt;/i&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;PTEN&lt;/i&gt; mutation or &lt;i&gt;PDGFRA&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;MET&lt;/i&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;N-MYC&lt;/i&gt; amplification. &lt;i&gt;IDH&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;CIC&lt;/i&gt; mutant tumors were associated with &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; mutations whereas &lt;i&gt;IDH&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt; tumors correlated with &lt;i&gt;PDGFRA&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;MET&lt;/i&gt; amplification. Presence of driver alterations at progression was associated with shorter subsequent progression-free survival (median 9.0 vs. 36.1 months; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0011).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; A subset of &lt;i&gt;IDH&lt;/i&gt;-mutant gliomas with mutations in driver oncogenes has a more malignant phenotype in patients. Identification of these alterations may provide an opportunity for use of targeted therapies in these patients. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 2898–909. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ATMANIRBHAR BHARAT: AN EXPLORATION OF THE PURSUIT OF INDIAN GOVERNMENT TO FULFIL MAHATMA GANDHIS VISION (2022)

The greatest quality of a person is self-reliance. A self-reliant person can become a support for himself. If a person is self-sufficient, then he definitely does not need the help of anyone else. Our country of India has been one of the ancient cultures of the world and seeing the culture, colour and style of this country, we can say that India is already quite self-sufficient. The true meaning of self-reliance is to develop oneself with ones own skills. Every person wants that he should become self-reliant, whether it is through his lifestyle or his manner. The inspiration for India to become self-reliant came from Mahatma Gandhis civil disobedience movement. Under this movement people stopped wearing foreign clothes and wore their own hand woven clothes. Now at present this campaign of India will fulfil that dream and India will become self-reliant. With the aim of making India self-reliant, the Prime Minister of the country, Shri Narendra Modi, had announced this campaign on 12 May 2020, in which he addressed the country and said that this is a good initiative to improve Indias economy. Under this campaign, most of the items will be manufactured in India in the coming few years. For this reason, the name of this campaign has been kept as self-reliant. Under this campaign, all those foreign dependencies are to be reduced, due to which most of Indias trade is dependent on other neighbouring countries. In this, without relying on outside items, it is involved in this campaign to prepare good quality products at our own level outside in our country itself.
Cytokine Removal in Extracorporeal Blood Purification: An in vitro Study (2019)

The mechanisms of cytokine removal by blood purification include convection, diffusion, and adsorption. PMMA-based filters are able to combine all 3 mechanisms for certain cytokines. Cytosorb showed the best adsorption kinetics, while dialysis with polystyrene-based membranes offers the best biocompatibility because they do not show any unspecific adsorption of other plasma components.
Characterization of retinal injury using ERG measures obtained with both conventional and multifocal methods in chronic ocular hypertensive primates. (2001)

The results are consistent with a conclusion that both first- and second-order components of the multifocal ERG response from the monkey reflect a significant contribution from activity in RGCs and may provide a useful measure for the clinical diagnosis and management of glaucoma.
Importance of Micropore–Mesopore Interfaces in Carbon Dioxide Capture by Carbon‐Based Materials (2016)

Mesoporous carbonaceous materials (Starbons®) derived from low-value/waste bio-resources separate CO2 from CO2 /N2 mixtures. Compared to Norit activated charcoal (AC), Starbons® have much lower microporosities (8-32 % versus 73 %) yet adsorb up to 65 % more CO2 . The presence of interconnected micropores and mesopores is responsible for the enhanced CO2 adsorption. The Starbons® also showed three-four times higher selectivity for CO2 adsorption rather than N2 adsorption compared to AC.
Beyond myopic inference in big data pipelines (2013)

Big Data Pipelines decompose complex analyses of large data sets into a series of simpler tasks, with independently tuned components for each task. This modular setup allows re-use of components across several different pipelines. However, the interaction of independently tuned pipeline components yields poor end-to-end performance as errors introduced by one component cascade through the whole pipeline, affecting overall accuracy. We propose a novel model for reasoning across components of Big Data Pipelines in a probabilistically well-founded manner. Our key idea is to view the interaction of components as dependencies on an underlying graphical model. Different message passing schemes on this graphical model provide various inference algorithms to trade-off end-to-end performance and computational cost. We instantiate our framework with an efficient beam search algorithm, and demonstrate its efficiency on two Big Data Pipelines: parsing and relation extraction.
Adsorption in alumina pores open at one and at both ends (2014)

We have studied adsorption in regular, self-ordered alumina pores open at both ends or only at one end. The straight, non-connected pores have diameters ranging from 22 to 83 nm, with a relative dispersion below 1% in the pore size. Adsorption isotherms measured in open pores with a torsional microbalance show pronounced hysteresis loops characterized by nearly vertical and parallel adsorption and desorption branches. Blocking one end of the pores with glue has a strong influence on adsorption, as expected from classical macroscopic arguments. However, the experimental measurements show an unexpectedly rich phenomenology dependent on the pore size. For large pores (Dp ≥ 67 nm), the isotherms for closed end pores present much narrower hysteresis loops whose adsorption and desorption boundaries envelop the desorption branches of the isotherms for the corresponding open pores of the same size. The loop for small closed end pores (Dp = 22 nm) is slightly wider than that for open pores while the adsorption branches coincide. For large pores, in contrast, the desorption branches of pores with the same Dp overlap regardless of the pore opening. These observations are in agreement with our grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations for a cylindrical pore model with constrictions, suggesting that the alumina pores could be modeled using a constricted pore model whose adsorption isotherm depends on the ratio of the constriction size to the pore size (Dc/Dp).
Hybrid-modulation scheme for dc-link-capacitor-less high-frequency-link inverters (2012)

High-frequency-link (HFL) inverters, owing to rapid advancements in semiconductor devices and magnetics, are gaining momentum in power electronics with applications encompassing solar, wind, and fuel-cell energy systems, energy storage, electric/hybrid-electric vehicles, and power quality to name a few. HFL inverters promise the potential for simultaneous improvements in power density, reliability, cost, and efficiency, which pose R&D challenges. In that regard, one cla0ss of HFL inverters, which do not employ dc-link capacitors that are often prone to long-term reliability issues, show great promise. This paper captures the essence of our work over the last several years on a new class of modulation strategy - referred to in this paper as “hybrid-modulation (HM) scheme” - for the pulsating-dc-link HFL (PDCL-HFL) inverters.
Progesterone inhibits ischemic brain injury in a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (2007)

We demonstrated and confirmed the neuroprotective effect of PROG using a permanent model of focal brain ischemia in rats.
Robot-assisted Microsurgery: A Feasibility Study in the Rat (2001)

Surgery using a microdexterity enhancement system, or RAMS prototype, is feasible. With further development, such as a stereotelevisualization and haptic feedback system, this system could be used for telerobotic surgery in neurosurgical practice.
Evaluating the impact of a computerized surveillance algorithm and decision support system on sepsis mortality (2016)

A program consisting of change management and electronic surveillance with highly sensitive and specific decision support delivered to the point of care resulted in significant reduction in deaths from sepsis.
Browsing Heterogeneous Document Collections by a Segmentation-Free Word Spotting Method (2011)

In this paper, we present a segmentation-free word spotting method that is able to deal with heterogeneous document image collections. We propose a patch-based framework where patches are represented by a bag-of-visual-words model powered by SIFT descriptors. A later refinement of the feature vectors is performed by applying the latent semantic indexing technique. The proposed method performs well on both handwritten and typewritten historical document images. We have also tested our method on documents written in non-Latin scripts.
The differences between American and Chinese patients with Crohn’s disease (2009)

This study found that colorectal CD had a more severe clinical presentation and pathological involvement in American white patients than in Chinese patients.
Development of Skin Cleansing Agent Containing Moisturizing Ingredients Which Resist Being Washed Off (2020)

生活者がボディソープに求める機能として保湿効果があげられる。しかし，これまでは「洗浄」が基本機能であるため，保湿成分を配合してもほとんどが洗い流されてしまい，実感の高い保湿効果を付与することは困難であった。一方シャンプーは，すすぎ時にアニオン性界面活性剤とカチオン性高分子が複合体を形成し，毛髪へ高い滞留性を示すことでコンディショニング性能を発現している。そこで，この技術を活用し，ボディソープで保湿成分が洗い流されずに皮膚に残る「皮膚滞留技術」を確立した。脂肪酸塩と高カチオン化度のカチオン性高分子を配合したボディソープでは，希釈時に脂肪酸塩とカチオン性高分子により複合体が形成され，水への溶解性が変化することで析出し，洗浄後も洗い流されずに皮膚に滞留することで高い保湿効果と保湿実感が得られることを見出した。複合体は疎水性相互作用により皮膚表面に滞留し，皮膚内部から蒸散してくる水分を角層表面で保持する機能を高める作用により，優れた保湿効果を発現していると推定する。
Management of vulvovaginal atrophy-related sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women (2011)

Oral, transdermal, or vaginal estrogen preparations are the most effective treatment options for vulvovaginal atrophy-related sexual dysfunction. Selective estrogen receptor modulators such as lasofoxifene and ospemifene showed a positive impact on vaginal tissue in postmenopausal women. Vaginal dehydroepiandrostenedione, vaginal testosterone, and tissue selective estrogen complexes are also emerging as promising new therapies; however, further studies are warranted to confirm their efficacy and safety.
Porous 4-Vinylpyridine-Divinylbenzene Copolymers– Varying Porosity in Different Bead Sizes of a Single Batch (2007)

Abstract Ion-exchangers, adsorbents, supported catalysts, etc, derived from porous copolymer beads are employed as medium in fine chemical separation processes. In these processes the exchange of reagents completes earlier in the smaller beads than in the larger beads in the same lot, which reduces the separation efficiency. So, it is potentially advantageous to preferentially introduce the macropores in the larger beads, as the macropores provide fast access to the reagents into the inner portions of the beads. In this study, camphor-a sublimable organic compound was employed as a diluent to create porosity in 4-vinylpyridinedivinylbenzene copolymer beads produced by o/w suspension polymerization technique. Camphor preferentially introduced macropores in the larger beads in the reaction. The results are explained on the basis of removal of diluent by sublimation phenomenon from the polymerizing droplets at a faster rate from the smaller beads as compared to the larger beads in the same batch.
<title>Simulating the Geneva PACS</title> (1992)

The laborious PACS development process can be supported by means of modeling and simulation. In this paper we illustrate the usefulness of these techniques by means of a simulation study of the PACS as developed at the University Hospital of Geneva. The paper summarizes the characteristics of the Geneva PACS, discusses the assumptions made, and finally presents some first simulation results.
Toward “Perfect-Wave” HHG Driving With a Multicolor OPA (2012)

We realize a multicolor, multi-cycle combination of commonly CEP-locked three waves from a single femtosecond OPA driven by a CEP -stable 7-mJ kHz Yb laser system and report HHG driving with individual and combined colors.
X-ray telescope deformation reduction using stress relief features (2019)

A stress relief technique is presented to reduce the distortion of X-ray optics from adhesive shrinkage at bonding points. The bonding distortions are particularly relevant for thin-shell mirror optics and need to be minimized to meet subarcsecond angular resolution goals. Thin-shell optics are critical to achieving large collecting areas for X-ray telescopes, such as the Lynx mission concept. A localized topography modification of the optic surrounding the adhesive point has been explored to reduce global distortion. Previous efforts utilized finite element analysis (FEA) to study removal of material around the adhesive joint in an annulus pattern, creating a trench. Current work has improved the finite element model for the trench design as well as shown an experimental verification. These experiments involve using silicon wafers as test mirrors and silicon oxide to mimic stress induced by adhesive shrinkage. The silicon oxide is encompassed by the trench etch, which is used to demonstrate a reduction in global deformation. We present the recent progress made with this stress relief technique.
Precessional Motion in Crystalline Solid Solutions of Ionic Rotors (2018)

Abstract The order–disorder phase transition associated with the uprise of reorientational motion in (DABCOH2) 2+ , in the supramolecular salts of general formula [ 1⋅ (DABCOH 2 )]X 2 (where 1 =12‐crown‐4, DABCO=1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and X=Cl − or Br − ), has been investigated by variable temperature X‐ray diffraction on single crystals and powder samples, as well as by DSC and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy (SSNMR). The two compounds undergo a reversible phase change at 292 and 290 K, respectively. The two crystalline materials form solid solutions [ 1⋅ (DABCOH 2 )]Cl 2x Br 2(1− x ) in the whole composition range (0 &lt; x &lt;1), with a decrease in the temperature of transition to a minimum of ca 280 K, corresponding to x= 0.5. Activation energy values for the dynamic processes, evaluated by variable‐temperature 13 C magic‐angle spinning (MAS) SSNMR and line‐shape analysis are ca. 50 kJ mol −1 in all cases. Combined diffraction and spectroscopic evidence has allowed the detection of a novel dynamic process for the (DABCOH 2 ) 2+ dications, based on a room temperature precessional motion that is frozen out below the disorder–order transition; to the best of the authors’ knowledge this phenomenon has never been observed before.
A Split-Gate Positive Feedback Device With an Integrate-and-Fire Capability for a High-Density Low-Power Neuron Circuit (2018)

Hardware-based spiking neural networks (SNNs) to mimic biological neurons have been reported. However, conventional neuron circuits in SNNs have a large area and high power consumption. In this work, a split-gate floating-body positive feedback (PF) device with a charge trapping capability is proposed as a new neuron device that imitates the integrate-and-fire function. Because of the PF characteristic, the subthreshold swing (<i>SS</i>) of the device is less than 0.04 mV/dec. The super-steep <i>SS</i> of the device leads to a low energy consumption of ∼0.25 pJ/spike for a neuron circuit (PF neuron) with the PF device, which is ∼100 times smaller than that of a conventional neuron circuit. The charge storage properties of the device mimic the integrate function of biological neurons without a large membrane capacitor, reducing the PF neuron area by about 17 times compared to that of a conventional neuron. We demonstrate the successful operation of a dense multiple PF neuron system with reset and lateral inhibition using a common self-controller in a neuron layer through simulation. With the multiple PF neuron system and the synapse array, on-line unsupervised pattern learning and recognition are successfully performed to demonstrate the feasibility of our PF device in a neural network.
Accuracy of the pelvic examination in detecting adnexal masses (2000)

Bimanual pelvic examination has marked limitations for evaluating adnexa, even with ideal circumstances. Experience during postgraduate training in gynecology did not seem to improve examination accuracy. Patient characteristics such as obesity, uterine size, and abdominal scars limit the accurate palpation of the adnexa.
On the structure and response of aerodynamically-strained planar premixed flames (1993)

The effects of aerodynamic straining on the structure and response of adiabatic, unrestrained, equidiffusive, planar premixed flames were experimentally and computationally studied via the counterflow, twinflame configuration formed by oppositely-directed identical jets of nitrogendiluted, near-stoichiometric methandair mixtures. Experimentally, the doc i ty , temperature and major species concentration profiles were determined by using LDV and spontaneous Raman scattering as functions of the applied strain rate. Computationally, the experimental situation was simulated with detailed reaction mechanisms and transport properties. Both the experimental and computational results show that the flame structure remains similar in response to variations in strain rate as long as the flame is sufficiently far away from the stagnation surface so that incomplete reaction is minimal. These results substantiate the concepts that the flame structure, and thereby the f lme thickness, are invariant to strain rate variations for adiabatic, unrestrained, diffusionally-neutral premixed flames with complete reaction, and that these flames cannot be extinguished by straining alone. The computed results are further shown to agree well quantitatively with the experimental data, hence supporting the usefulness of the computational model for the simulation of strained flames. Implications of present findings on the extinction of stretched flames, the modelling of turbulent flames through the concept of laminar flamelets, and flame stabilization and blowoff, are discussed. d Introduction The structure and response of laminar premixed flames under the influence of stretch have attracted much attention because not only most practical laminar flames are stretched, but a major effort in turbulent flame modeling is also based on the concept * Graduate Student ** Professor, Fellow AIAA Copyright
Sparse vector factorization for underdetermined BSS using wrapped-phase GMM and source log-spectral prior (2012)

We propose a sparse vector factorization (SVF) approach for blind source separation, which inherently avoids the permutation problem. The SVF assumes the sparseness of sources, and defines a sparse vector (SV) that consists of the locational and spectral features of each source at all the frequencies. Then, by assuming that the locational and spectral SVs are generated by frequency-independent parameters, the method executes the SVF. Our locational feature is the phase difference (PD) between two microphone observations, and we model it with a frequency-independent time-difference of arrival (TDOA) parameter. Moreover, we employ the wrapped-phase GMM in order to take the spatial aliasing problem into account. On the other hand, the spectral feature is the log spectrum, and we provide a prior for a spectral parameter. The SVF is formulated with a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation framework, where the locational and spectral parameters are inferred by the EM algorithm. Experimental results show that our proposed method can separate signals successfully even for an underdetermined case.
Impact of Canthal Height on Horizontal Upper Eyelid Peak Position: A Guide for Blepharoptosis Surgery (2019)

This study was aimed at examining the relationship between the horizontal upper eyelid peak position (Δpeak-pupil) and the difference between the medial and lateral canthal heights (Δcanthi) in Japanese individuals. Images of the left eyelid of 71 participants without eyelid disease were acquired with a camera with a slit-lamp microscope. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the influence of age, sex, distance from the pupil center to the upper eyelid margin (margin reflex distance-1), Δcanthi, and palpebral fissure width on Δpeak-pupil. In addition, Δpeak-pupil distribution in participants with Δcanthi <3 (Group A), 3 to 6 (Group B), and >6 mm (Group C) was calculated as the average±2x the standard deviation. The mean Δpeak-pupil was 1.12 ± 1.29 mm (range: -1.44 to 6.12) and the mean Δcanthi was 4.50 ± 1.71 mm (1.02-7.96). Δcanthi was a significant determinant factor of Δpeak-pupil (P < 0.0001), whereas age (P = 0.62), sex (P = 0.88), margin reflex distance-1 (P = 0.29), and the horizontal palpebral fissure width (P = 0.65) were not related to Δpeak-pupil. The normal Δpeak-pupil ranges were -1.47 to 1.52, -0.95 to 3.22, and -0.84 to 4.73 mm in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the Group A and B ranges and between the Group A and C ranges (Kruskal-Wallis test, P < 0.01). It was concluded that the normal eyelid peak position differs according to medial-to-lateral canthal positional difference. This finding may help intraoperative determination of the upper eyelid peak position in blepharoptosis surgery.