gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical properties of methane hydrate + sediment mixtures (2015)

Abstract Knowledge of the electrical properties of multicomponent systems with gas hydrate, sediments, and pore water is needed to help relate electromagnetic (EM) measurements to specific gas hydrate concentration and distribution patterns in nature. Toward this goal, we built a pressure cell capable of measuring in situ electrical properties of multicomponent systems such that the effects of individual components and mixing relations can be assessed. We first established the temperature‐dependent electrical conductivity ( σ ) of pure, single‐phase methane hydrate to be ~5 orders of magnitude lower than seawater, a substantial contrast that can help differentiate hydrate deposits from significantly more conductive water‐saturated sediments in EM field surveys. Here we report σ measurements of two‐component systems in which methane hydrate is mixed with variable amounts of quartz sand or glass beads. Sand by itself has low σ but is found to increase the overall σ of mixtures with well‐connected methane hydrate. Alternatively, the overall σ decreases when sand concentrations are high enough to cause gas hydrate to be poorly connected, indicating that hydrate grains provide the primary conduction path. Our measurements suggest that impurities from sand induce chemical interactions and/or doping effects that result in higher electrical conductivity with lower temperature dependence. These results can be used in the modeling of massive or two‐phase gas‐hydrate‐bearing systems devoid of conductive pore water. Further experiments that include a free water phase are the necessary next steps toward developing complex models relevant to most natural systems.
The geometry of the site and its relevance for chain migration and stereospecificity (1995)

Abstract The structurally well characterized members of the family of the bridged metallocene procatalysts with cyclopentadienyl‐fluorenyl ligand framework constitute excellent examples for the investigation of the interrelation between the catalyst geometry and stereospecificity from a dynamic chain perspective. We have thus carefully selected a set of metallocenes, based on the increasing size of their β‐substituents and the choice of Zr and Hf as transition metals. By their application as polymerization catalysts we have been able to investigate the impact of the substituent size on the migratory behavior of the chain and stereospecific control of the corresponding catalysts. Through these investigations it has been demonstrated that the degree of freedom for the chain's lateral displacements, and the frequency of its back and forth migrations, varies largely with and is dependent on the steric bulk of the β‐positioned substituent and to the degree of the geometrical (stereo‐electronic) flexibility of the catalytic site with a given symmetry. It has been inferred from the experimental results that substituents, depending on their voluminosity and spatial expansion, interfer differently with the migratory function of the chain and can bring its migration, temporarily or permanently, to a halt (chain stationary insertion). The ratio of chain migratory insertion to chain stationary insertion and their prevalence in each individual case has the final saying about the degree and the type of the microtacticity of the resulting polymer chains (e.g. syndiotactic, syndiotactic containing isoblock, syndio‐isoblock, isotactic, and isotactic with syndioblock.
Reactive Oxygen Species Are Downstream Products of TRAF-mediated Signal Transduction (2001)

Members of the TNFR (tumor necrosis factor receptor) superfamily are involved in regulating activation and differentiation of cells as well as cell survival and programmed cell death/apoptosis. Multimerization of TNFRs can lead to recruitment of TRAFs (TNFR-associated factors) by the receptors resulting in activation of kinases and transcription factors, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). Signal transduction triggered by TNF-alpha also induces an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS have been suggested to play a role in NF-kappaB activation, which is thought to promote cell survival. However, oxidation of proteins and lipids by ROS can also result in apoptosis. The processes generating intracellular ROS and the mechanism(s) regulating the cellular redox status have not been fully elucidated. We investigated whether TRAFs play a role in controlling intracellular ROS levels. Our results indicate that recruitment of TRAFs to the plasma membrane of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells is crucial for activation of signaling pathways, which regulate ROS production in mitochondria. TRAF-mediated changes in ROS levels enhanced NF-kappaB activation but were not dependent on NF-kappaB-inducing kinase. Consistent with its anti-apoptotic function, Bcl-x(L) interfered with TRAF-mediated ROS generation but not NF-kappaB activation. Taken together, our results suggest a novel role of TRAFs in signal transduction pathways triggered by TNFR-related proteins, which balance cell survival and apoptosis by regulating the electron transport in mitochondria.
Variable damping impedance control of a bilateral telerobotic system (1997)

Damping and stiffness control in a telerobotic system allows the programmer to define the master and slave dynamics to suit a given task. Unfortunately, many requirements for good teleoperation produce conflicting choices of desired dynamic parameters for different tasks. It is proposed here that the master and slave damping and stiffness matrices be functionally dependent on sensed and commanded values of force and velocity, with no previous knowledge of the environment required. A strategy has been devised which provides better quality teleoperation under a variety of circumstances than is achievable with constant dynamics. Tracking in free space and along a surface by the slave can be maintained while impact forces are minimized with this strategy. The variable damping algorithm has been implemented on a 7-degree-of-freedom Robotics Research Corporation manipulator with position input from a 6-degree-of-freedom Kraft master hand controller, and tracking and impact performance is illustrated.
Electron microscopic observations on the accumulation of large granular lymphocytes (pit cells) and kupffer cells in the liver of rats treated with continuous infusion of interleukin-2 (1990)

Treatment schedules were investigated for in vivo induction of lymphokine-activated killer cells in the rat liver. Treatment of rats with continuous systemic or regional infusion of recombinant human interleukin-2 with a dose of 4 to 8 x 10(4) U/day during 7 days, resulted in an increase in number of large granular lymphocytes or pit cells in the liver up to 43 times normal. Kupffer cells, nongranular lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils also increased in number, but with a maximal fivefold increase this was much less pronounced than for large granular lymphocytes. Kupffer cells showed morphological signs of activation and were frequently seen in mitosis. Frequent mitoses were also observed for large granular lymphocytes, but not for other leukocytes. This indicates that the effect of interleukin-2 treatment on hepatic (sinusoidal) cells was primarily directed to large granular lymphocytes and Kupffer cells. The large granular lymphocyte accumulation occurred mainly intrasinusoidally, but they were also frequently observed in the space of Disse where they are not found in control rats. This may be explained partly by the observed damage or gaps in the endothelial lining. The intrasinusoidal large granular lymphocytes adhered to the endothelium and to Kupffer cells. Higher responses, for all cell types, were found when interleukin-2 was administered regionally, that is, through the hepatic artery rather than through the systemic route (jugular vein), although the differences were not statistically significant. Doses below 4 x 10(4) U/day did not result in significant increases of large granular lymphocytes in the liver.
Entropy (2009)

Clusters provide powerful computing environments, but in practice much of this power goes to waste, due to the static allocation of tasks to nodes, regardless of their changing computational requirements. Dynamic consolidation is an approach that migrates tasks within a cluster as their computational requirements change, both to reduce the number of nodes that need to be active and to eliminate temporary overload situations. Previous dynamic consolidation strategies have relied on task placement heuristics that use only local optimization and typically do not take migration overhead into account. However, heuristics based on only local optimization may miss the globally optimal solution, resulting in unnecessary resource usage, and the overhead for migration may nullify the benefits of consolidation.
Characterization of the tenofovir resistance-associated mutations in the hepatitis B virus isolates across genotypes A to D (2022)

Tenofovir is wildly used to treat chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection due to good potency and high genetic barrier to drug resistance. To date, it remains controversial whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) could be resistant to tenofovir. This study used multiple HBV isolates across genotypes A to D to characterize the reported tenofovir resistance-associated mutations identified from a few clinical case reports. Our data demonstrated that all the rtS78T, rtA194T, and CYEI (S106C, H126Y, D134E, and L269I) mutants exhibited no resistance to tenofovir in vitro. In contrast, the quadruple mutation MLVV (rtL180M, rtT184L, rtA200V, and rtM204V) decreased tenofovir susceptibility, with increased half maximal efficient concentration ranging from 3.28-fold to 5.34-fold, but it severely impaired viral fitness by reducing both replication capacity and infectivity of the mutants. Interestingly, basal core promoter (BCP) mutations A1762T/G1764A and precore (PC) mutation G1896A restored the replication capacity of the MLVV mutant to a level even higher than the wild-type virus without BCP and PC mutations. In conclusion, our data support the role of tenofovir as a first-line agent to treat CHB infection but also indicate tenofovir-resistant mutants could emerge due to multiple mutations accumulated during long-term therapy, particularly in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients.
Delayed Antagonism of AMPA/Kainate Receptors Reduces Long-Term Functional Deficits Resulting from Spinal Cord Trauma (1997)

Excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors play a significant role in delayed neuronal death after ischemic and traumatic injury to the CNS. Focal microinjection experiments have demonstrated that 2,3-dihydro-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(f)quinoxaline (NBQX), a highly selective and potent antagonist of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate ionotropic EAA receptors, i.e., those preferring alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) or kainate, can reduce histopathology and functional deficits when administered at 15 min after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Similarly, intravenous infusion of NBQX, beginning at 15 min postinjury (p.i.), results in a significant amelioration of the functional deficits produced by experimental SCI. However, if antagonists of AMPA/kainate receptors were to be used therapeutically for patients with SCI, administration would likely be delayed for several hours after injury. We therefore examined the effects of NBQX administered at 4 h after SCI on functional deficits and histopathology in a standardized rat model of contusive SCI. An incomplete SCI was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats at T8 with a weight-drop device (10 g x 2.5 cm). NBQX (15 nmol), or vehicle alone, was microinjected into the injury site 4 h later. Recovery of hind limb reflexes, postural control, and locomotor function was determined by a battery of behavioral tests performed for 8 weeks. Spinal cord tissue was then fixed by perfusion and used for morphometric and immunocytochemical analyses. Previous studies with acute NBQX treatment showed significant functional improvement by 1 week; the effects of delayed NBQX treatment on functional deficits were not discernible until 3-4 weeks after SCI. Thereafter, significant reductions in hindlimb deficits were demonstrated in two independent studies. The nature and magnitude of the reductions in chronic deficits were similar to those observed previously when NBQX was administered acutely at 15 min after SCI. Morphometric analyses showed that delayed treatment with NBQX resulted in sparing of gray matter adjacent to the injury site but no significant effect on the area of white matter at the epicenter. However, serotonin immunoreactivity below the lesion, used as a marker for preservation of one supraspinal pathway, was significantly higher in the NBQX-treated group. These results support a therapeutic potential for NBQX, and presumably other AMPA antagonists, in SCI by demonstrating effectiveness in a clinically relevant time frame. They indicate the importance of assessing chronic functional deficits in evaluating the therapeutic potential of a treatment paradigm. Further, they suggest the intriguing hypothesis that mechanisms underlying early functional recovery after SCI are, at least in part, distinct those from those involved in reducing chronic functional deficits.
Methylsulfonyl metabolites of PCBs and DDE in human milk in Sweden, 1972-1992. (1996)

A multicomponent method used for analysis of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), naphthalenes, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans was adapted for the analysis of methylsulfonyl metabolites of chlorinated biphenyls (MeSO2-CBs) and of p,p'-DDE (MeSO2-DDE) in human milk. The extraction and initial purification was made by liquid-gel partitioning. Additional purification and separation steps were achieved by adsorption and gel permeation chromatography. The mean recoveries of 23 MeSO2-CBs and MeSO2-DDE standards, added to the milk before extraction, were 80-97%. Human milk sampled in Stockholm during 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984/85, 1990, 1991, and 1992 was analyzed by GC-MS. During the time course studied, the concentrations of MeSO2-CBs decreased from approximately 9 to 2 ng/g lipids and of MeSO2-DDE from 5 to 0.4 ng/g lipids. The concentrations of MeSO2-CBs and MeSO2-DDE correlated to the levels of total PCB and p,p'-DDE, respectively. 3-MeSO2-DDE was the major isomer of the aryl methyl sulfones studied in the milk. PCB methyl sulfones with five and six chlorine atoms in the molecule were predominant among the PCB methyl sulfones Generally, the concentrations of 4-MeSO2-CBs were higher than the corresponding 3-MeSO2-CB compound. The major MeSO2-CBs in the milk were 4-MeSO2-2,5,2',3',4'-pentaCB (4-87) and 4-MeSO2-2,3,6,2',4',5'-hexaCB (4-149).
Equivalent network synthesis for via holes discontinuities (2002)

A methodology is presented for the synthesis of the passive equivalent circuit of via holes in multilayer printed circuit boards. The paper describes the network synthesis starting from the extraction of the poles and residues from the driving point transfer functions for two port networks. The via hole is partitioned into elementary structures assumed not electromagnetically coupled and the scattering parameters for each one of them are evaluated by using a numerical approach suitably validated by comparison with results computed by other independent numerical methods. The equivalent circuit of the complete via hole is given by the cascading of the circuits of the elementary structures. The proposed technique is validated by comparing the computed scattering parameters with those from measurements for real test boards.
Adhesion through the LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18)-ICAM-1 (CD54) and the VLA-4 (CD49d)-VCAM-1 (CD106) pathways prevents apoptosis of germinal center B cells. (1994)

In the germinal center (GC), B cells are either selected to become memory cells or are eliminated through the process of programmed cell death. FDC which are intimately associated with the GC B cells are thought to be important in this selection process. Previously, we have shown that the LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18)-ICAM-1 (CD54) and VLA-4 (CD49d)-VCAM-1 (CD106) adhesion pathways are involved in FDC-B cell interaction. In the present study, we have explored whether these adhesive interactions contribute to the process of B cell selection by studying the effects on apoptosis of GC B cells. Using FDC and B cells derived from human tonsils, we found that only B cells adherent to FDC remain viable: disruption of FDC-B-cell clusters with mAb against LFA-1 alpha (CD11a), VLA-4 (CD49d), ICAM-1 (CD54), or VCAM-1 (CD106) results in apoptosis of the B cells. Furthermore, we found that GC B cells, upon adhesion to plastic-coated purified ICAM-1 (CD54) or VCAM-1 (CD106), show diminished apoptosis. Importantly, we observed that, at low concentration, ICAM-1 (CD54) and VCAM-1 (CD106) act synergistically with anti-IgM, in inhibiting apoptosis. Together, our data strongly suggest that adhesion of B cells via the LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18)-ICAM-1 (CD54) pathway and VLA-4 (CD49d)-VCAM-1 (CD106) pathway contributes to B cell selection.
Changes in Astigmatism After Congenital Cataract Surgery and IntraocularLens Implantation (2004)

Children who underwent extraction of congenital cataract and intraocular lens implantation by different surgical techniques showed a significant spontaneous reduction in astigmatism postoperatively.
Renal complications in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis: the Mayo Clinic experience (2015)

While the renal complications of plasma cell dyscrasia have been well-described, most information in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis is derived from case reports. This is a retrospective analysis of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis who underwent kidney biopsy for renal insufficiency and/or nephrotic syndrome. Between January 1995 and June 2014, 49 of 4,024 (1.2%) patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n=44) or monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (n=5) had a renal biopsy: 34 (69%) for renal insufficiency and 15 (31%) for nephrotic syndrome. The most common findings on biopsy were: membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (n=10, 20%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia interstitial infiltration as primary etiology (n=6, 12%), thrombotic microangiopathy (n=6, 12%), and minimal change disease (n=5, 10%). All five membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis patients treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide and prednisone-based regimens had recovery of renal function compared to 0/3 patients treated with rituximab with or without steroids. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia infiltration as the primary cause of renal abnormalities was typically observed in relapsed/refractory patients (4/6). Thrombotic microangiopathy primarily occurred as a treatment-related toxicity of pentostatin (4/6 cases), and resolved with drug discontinuation. All cases of minimal change disease resolved with immunosuppressive agents only. Renal biopsy plays an important role in the management of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis who develop renal failure and/or nephrotic syndrome.
Telesurgical Consultation (1996)

Complex laparoscopic procedures that normally require a surgical specialist can be performed successfully by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon consulting a remote specialist via the tele-operative system.
Detection of carotenoids in blood donors taking Orobronze: a cautionary note (2008)

During the summer, plasma samples from eight blood donors at this transfusion centre were found to have a bright orange colour. All donors appeared to be healthy and haematological tests showed no abnormality. Extracts of lipid from the plasma revealed the presence of the carotenoid canthaxanthin and other carotenoid metabolites which were identified by thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography, light absorbtion and mass spectrometry. On questioning the donors it was found that they had been taking a course of 'Orobronze' (an oral 'bronzing' treatment containing canthaxanthin). Canthaxanthin was still detectable in the plasma several months after the donors had ceased taking the capsules. At present it seems that there would be no deleterious effects on healthy individuals taking orobronze. The full implications of the presence of canthaxanthin in plasma transfused to patients do, however, require further investigation of carotenoid metabolism in man.
Adaptive Tracking of Angular Velocity for a Planar Rigid Body With Unknown Models for Inertia and Input Nonlinearity (2006)

Peer Reviewed
Antigens common to human and bacterial cells., 3. Autoagglutinin to blood group A stimulated by sepsis due to Proteus mirabilis. (1973)

Cross-reactions between determinants common to human and bacterial cells sometimes involve antigens of ABO blood groups. In this case study, a blood group B-active Proteus mirabilis isolated from a septic female was shown capable of acquiring blood group A antigen from a pure medium enriched with group-specific erythrocyte stroma. This A-like antigen could not be removed by washing. Absorption of the patient’s serum by her infecting bacterium removed an autoantibody to blood group A and significantly decreased isoantibody to blood group 8. Although she did not demonstrate spontaneous agglutination of her own RBC, her RBC were weakly Coombs positive when the autoantibody was present. This report of autoantibody stimulated during the course of gram negative infection by interaction of infecting bacteria and autologous blood group antigens suggests the possibility of similar mechanisms during genesis of some autoimmune diseases. It further suggests that bacterial mimicry may exist when the invading organism can either produce or acquire host antigen, since some control pathogens did neither when tested against the patient’s pathogen.
380. The thermal decomposition of oxalates. Part IV. Interrelation of crystalline phases in the thermal decomposition and dehydration of zinc oxalate (1965)

D. Dollimore, J. Dollimore and D. Nicholson, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 2132 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650002132
Screening for the Small Fetus: A Study of the Relative Efficacies of Ultrasound Biometry and Symphysiofundal Height (1995)

In this study 3 different methods of screening for birth-weight < 10th percentile in pregnancy were evaluated both individually and in combination; 1,135 women with singleton pregnancies were studied. Measurements of symphysiofundal height by tape measure, and amniotic fluid index and fetal abdominal circumference by ultrasound imaging, were made at 18, 24, 28, 34 and 38 weeks. At none of these gestational ages did amniotic fluid index perform well as a screening test for birth-weight < 10th percentile. Combining the tests, using symphysiofundal height to select a group at high risk who then had a fetal abdominal circumference measurement, reduced the false positive rate but significantly decreased the percentage of infants diagnosed. The results of this study confirm that the most appropriate antenatal diagnostic test for birth-weight <10th percentile is ultrasound measurement of fetal abdominal circumference. Selecting pregnancies at risk by clinical measurement of symphysiofundal height will provide a lower false positive rate than a policy of performing ultrasound on all pregnancies during the third trimester, but will also reduce the sensitivity.