gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smoking intensity, oxidative stress and chemotherapy in nonsmall cell lung cancer: a correlated prognostic study. (2009)

Cigarette smoking is a well known environmental risk factor for lung cancer; furthermore it can also enhance lung carcinogenesis by free radical mediated reactions. In addition smoking affects the rates of metabolism of several drugs and may contribute to poor cancer survival. The purpose of the present work, therefore, was to see the relationship of different smoking intensities with oxidative stress and survival after platinum based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The oxidative stress levels (LPO, NO, SOD, and GSH) of 144 control subjects and 203 advanced stage NSCLC patients were assessed at day '0', after the 3rd and 6th cycle of chemotherapy. Pack year (PY) was stratified in groups (1-20, 21-50, > 50) for further analysis. Groups were compared using repeated measured ANOVA, while survival curves were compared by Kaplan-Meier methods. Oxidative stress levels of smokers were significantly high (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) as compared to non-smoker at pretreatment, after the 3rd cycle and 6th cycle of chemotherapy but not well correlated with the PY exposures. Overall mean survival of smoker patients were significantly low when compared to non-smokers. The survival of > 50 PY group was significantly lowered (p < 0.01) as compared to others PY groups, indicating that survival after chemotherapy in smoker NSCLC patients may be dependent on their PY exposures. In conclusion, smoking is a bad prognostic factor in lung cancer therapy, besides its role in oxidative stress, and poor survival. Therefore, this factor can be used in patient selection for chemoprevention.
Facile Photochemical Modification of Silk Protein–Based Biomaterials (2018)

Silk protein-based materials show promise for application as biomaterials for tissue engineering. The simple and rapid photochemical modification of silk protein-based materials composed of either Bombyx mori silkworm silk or engineered spider silk proteins (eADF4(C16)) is reported. Radicals formed on the silk-based materials initiate the polymerization of monomers (acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or allylamine) which functionalize the surface of the silk materials with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), or poly(allylamine) (PAAm). To demonstrate potential applications of this type of modification, the polymer-modified silks are mineralized. The PAA- and PMAA-functionalized silks are mineralized with calcium carbonate, whereas the PAAm-functionalized silks are mineralized with silica, both of which provide a coating on the materials that may be useful for bone tissue engineering, which will be the subject of future investigations.
Relationship of Transmural Variations in Myofiber Contractility to Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: Implications for Modeling Heart Failure Phenotype With Preserved Ejection Fraction (2018)

The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remain incompletely understood. We hypothesized that transmural variations in myofiber contractility with existence of subendocardial dysfunction and compensatory increased subepicardial contractility may underlie preservation of LVEF in patients with HFpEF. We quantified alterations in myocardial function in a mathematical model of the human LV that is based on the finite element method. The fiber-reinforced material formulation of the myocardium included passive and active properties. The passive material properties were determined such that the diastolic pressure-volume behavior of the LV was similar to that shown in published clinical studies of pressure-volume curves. To examine changes in active properties, we considered six scenarios: 1) normal properties throughout the LV wall; 2) decreased myocardial contractility in the subendocardium; 3) increased myocardial contractility in the subepicardium; 4) myocardial contractility decreased equally in all layers, 5) myocardial contractility decreased in the midmyocardium and subepicardium, 6) myocardial contractility decreased in the subepicardium. Our results indicate that decreased subendocardial contractility reduced LVEF from 53.2% to 40.5%. Increased contractility in the subepicardium recovered LVEF from 40.5% to 53.2%. Decreased contractility transmurally reduced LVEF and could not be recovered if subepicardial and midmyocardial contractility remained depressed. The computational results simulating the effects of transmural alterations in the ventricular tissue replicate the phenotypic patterns of LV dysfunction observed in clinical practice. In particular, data for LVEF, strain and displacement are consistent with previous clinical observations in patients with HFpEF, and substantiate the hypothesis that increased subepicardial contractility may compensate for subendocardial dysfunction and play a vital role in maintaining LVEF.
Técnica para extirpación de épulis: Presentación de casos (2004)

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido describir un abordaje quirurgico alternativo para la extirpacion de epulis, a la vez que conserva y mejora el complejo mucogingival. Tras el respaldo y alisado radicular, se sometio a seis pacientes a tratamiento quirurgico para eliminar los crecimientos. Se interpuso un injerto de tejido conjuntivo subepitelial entre el hueso y el epulis, mediante un colgajo pediculado. Siempre se conservo la lesion. El epulis desaparecio despues de varios meses, con pequenas variaciones en el tiempo de cicatrizacion entre los pacientes. En las visitas de seguimiento de los 60 meses, todos los pacientes mostraban buena salud gingival, sin recurrencia.
Young adults and libraries (1965)

まず，青少年に対する図書館活動の諸問題を論ずる前に，青少年を意味する用語の定義を行なっている。“adolescent”は，図書館活動の分野でよりも，心理学その他の研究部門で青少年を意味するのに適した用語であり，また，一般的に使用される“teen-ager”は十代前半のlow-teenを意味し，17才程度のhigh-teenは“teen-ager”と呼ばれることを喜ばない。従って，“young adult”という用語が最も包括的である。つまり，年令的にもteen-ager全体を含むと同時に，“student”以外の青少年をも含みうるという点に於て，最も図書館活動に適した用語である。以上の如く定義された青少年に対する公共図書館活動の意義と問題点について，日本における適用を考慮しつつ，アメリカにおける現状を報告したものである。アメリカに於て，青少年人口の増加は近年著しいものがあり，1965年度末までの全人口の約半数が25才以下の年令層によって占められる。それと同時に，知識の領域の拡大は史上稀にみるものであり，今日の青少年は学習，教養，娯楽の面でも多くの問題をかかえている。更に，社会の急激な変化があらゆる意味で青少年に過重な経験を強要し，前世紀の青少年と比較にならない程の人間的均衡と，判断力と，意欲を，今日の青少年は必要とするに至っている。このような時代に於て，公共図書館は青少年に対して何をなすべきか。まず，読書の強制でなく，選択の機会を与えること。特に生涯の方針を決定する重要な時期であるために，客観性のあるfactを豊富に供給することが重要である。そして，その中からものの価値を見出す機会を与えるべきである。そのためには，図書館資料も“青少年用”のラベルを貼って，内容を限定すべきではなく，より融通性のある資料の配置及び取り扱いが望ましい。また，図書館の専門職員については，児童図書館員が特殊な専門性を持つと同様，young adultsを対象とする図書館員の専門的訓練が必要である。特に，成人図書の中から青少年に適した図書を選択する原則とその方法を専門的知識に加えなければならない。アメリカに於ては，young adultsに対する公共図書館活動はすでに40年の歴史を持つが，多くの失敗もあった。例えば，成人用図書の中に，星印その他で青少年向きの本を区別した場合，逆に青少年がそのマークされた図書を避けて他の成人図書を手にとるとか，或いは，児童室に隣接した青少年室は全く利用されなかったなど。また，独立した青少年部門が年とともに無用の長物化した例などもある。このような失敗から得られた教訓は，独立した部屋やぜいたくな環境が必要なのではなく，青少年の要求と，それをみたす資料に関する知識を備えた図書館員の存在が最も重要であるということであった。また，公共図書館が活動の方針決定や利用者の習性把握について独善的であったのも，重要な欠陥の一つである。つまり，社会学者，心理学者，教育学者など，他の研究分野の専門家たちの見解をより積極的にとりいれるべきである。今日，young adultsに対する専門図書館員の必要性は，充分に認識されるようになってきた。しかしながら，その要求をみたすことのできる専門家が量的に教育されているわけではなく，むしろ，不足が痛感されているとすれば，その要求をみたすためには図書館学校における，この種の専門図書館員養成の長期計画が必要である。と同時に，すべての公共図書館に於て，館員の少くとも一人はyoung adultsを対象とする活動に専念できるようなin-service trainingと人員の配置が行なわれなければならない。更に，成人利用者の中で大きな比重を占めるyoung adultsが利用する資料の選択のtoolが，より多く，より適切に，しかも頻繁に作られることが必要となる。（S. W.）
Exploiting an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Energy Efficient Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks (2018)

In this paper, an energy efficient data collection algorithm is proposed for Wireless Sensors Networks employing a single Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV-WSNs). In the system, since the position and the data amount of sensors are stochastic, the UAV as a relay scans the area along a fixed path to collect the data of all sensors. Energy saving is the main challenge to prolong the life time of the sensors. The main research of this paper is to reduce the energy consumption of all sensors by jointly optimizing the flight trajectory of UAV, the time schedule and the power of the sensor to transmit data. The original problem can be formulated as a non-convex and mixed-integer optimization problem. According to the number of sensors in the communication area of the UAV, we studied the problem by dividing it into a single sensor and multiple sensors case. Moreover, the successive convex optimization techniques and differential evolution algorithm are applied to solve the problem. Finally, we performed extensive simulations to compare our proposed algorithms with benchmark algorithms. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is better than the benchmark algorithm.
Vanadium-Catalyzed Alkane Functionalization Reactions under Mild Conditions (2007)

The conversion of alkanes into more valuable organic products, under mild conditions, is a current challenge to modern chemistry, and the partial oxidation of the former with transition metal catalysts is a rather promising approach. We now discuss the use of a number of vanadium compounds, commonly complexes with N,O- or O,O-ligands, including Amavadine and its model, as catalysts for the hydroxylation, oxygenation, halogenation or carboxylation of alkanes, gaseous (in particular methane) and liquid (both linear and cyclic) ones, to afford, under mild or moderate conditions, the corresponding alcohols, ketones, organohalides or carboxylic acids. Some of the systems operate in peroxidative liquid biphasic media, whereas others involve dioxygen as the oxidant and V-catalysts supported on modified silica gel. Evidence for the involvement of radical mechanisms is presented.
Biosurfactant- and Cosolvent-Enhanced Remediation of Contaminated Media (1995)

The use of water flushing (pump and treat, in situ soil washing) is one of the predominant methods currently in use for remediation of contaminated subsurface environments. While this method has been successful in some cases, its effectiveness is often constrained by one or more factors related to contaminant transport and fate. Recent research has focused on chemical additives that might be useful for enhancing contaminant removal during flushing. Examples include the addition of surfactants, cosolvents, and complexing agents. We are involved in the study of cosolvents and microbially produced surfactants (biosurfactants) and their effects on solubilization, biodegradation, and removal of residual phases from the subsurface. In this paper, we summarize our recent results and provide a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages in the use of biosurfactants and cosolvents in remediation of contaminated subsurface environments.
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASp) Controls the Delivery of Platelet Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (2013)

Platelets are immunologically competent cells containing cytokines such as TGF-β1 that regulate cell-mediated immunity. However, the mechanisms underlying cytokine secretion from platelets are undefined. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) regulates actin polymerization in nucleated hematopoietic cells but has other role(s) in platelets. WASp-null (WASp(-/-)) platelets stimulated with a PAR-4 receptor agonist had increased TGF-β1 release compared with WT platelets; inhibiting WASp function with wiskostatin augmented TRAP-induced TGF-β1 release in human platelets. TGF-β1 release is dissociated from α-granule secretion (P-selectin up-regulation) and occurs more gradually, with ∼10-15% released after 30-60 min. Blockade of Src family kinase-mediated WASp Tyr-291/Tyr-293 phosphorylation increased TGF-β1 release, with no additive effect in WASp(-/-) platelets, signifying that phosphorylation is critical for WASp-limited TGF-β1 secretion. Inhibiting F-actin assembly with cytochalasin D enhanced secretion in WT platelets and further increased TGF-β1 release in WASp(-/-) platelets, indicating that WASp and actin assembly independently regulate TGF-β1 release. A permeabilized platelet model was used to test the role of upstream small GTPases in TGF-β1 release. N17Cdc42, but not Rac1 mutants, increased TGF-β1 secretion and abrogated WASp phosphorylation. We conclude that WASp function restricts TGF-β1 secretion in a Cdc42- and Src family kinase-dependent manner and independently of actin assembly.
An efficient cache-based access anomaly detection scheme (1991)

Article Free Access Share on An efficient cache-based access anomaly detection scheme Authors: Sang L. Min View Profile , Jong-Deok Choi View Profile Authors Info & Claims ASPLOS IV: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systemsApril 1991 Pages 235–244https://doi.org/10.1145/106972.106996Online:01 April 1991Publication History 87citation617DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations87Total Downloads617Last 12 Months17Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Das Korrosionsverhalten von pulvermetallurgischem Chrom (1989)

Abstract Pulvermetallurgisch hergestelltes Chrom der Reinheit 99,96 kann zu Halbfertig‐ und Fertigprodukten von bisher allerdings nur begrenzter Größe geformt werden. Das Material ist hochbeständig gegen verschiedene heiße Salzlösungen, heiße Carbonsäuren, oxidierende anorganische Säuren, Basen und Gase (gegen Heiß‐ gase speziell in Verbindung mit Aschen und Schlacken). Es wird gezeigt, in welchen Gebieten und für welche Funktionsteile reines Chrom eventuell verwendet werden könnte.
S2‐02–05: Anti‐abeta antibodies in Alzheimer's disease mouse models (2008)

The pioneering work of Schenk and colleagues demonstrated the therapeutic potential of generating an antibody response capable of recognizing Abeta and Abeta amyloid. Indeed, dozens of studies now show that in mouse models of AD antibodies to Abeta can attenuate Abeta deposition and plaque associated pathologies (e.g. gliosis) and reverse behavioral deficits in these mice. Despite initial setbacks multiple active and passive Abeta immunotherapy trials are now being tested humans. Both active immunizations with fibrillar or Abeta or fragments of Abeta and passive immunization with anti-Abeta antibodies have been evaluated in mouse models of AD. Endpoints have included Abeta deposition, gliosis, behavioral alterations, and levels of Abeta and antibody in various brain, CSF and plasma. Numerous studies consistently demonstrate that active or passive immunotherapy suppresses Abeta deposition in mouse models of AD. Though diffuse plaques may be cleared by immunotherapy, it is controversial as to whether compact plaques are cleared. In mice only rare side effects have been reported. To date there is no consensus as to mechanisms of action, ideal target epitope, or whether an antibody is truly needed. Our work suggests that efficacy is related to target epitope, is dependent on the levels of Abeta deposition at the time of initiation of therapy, and cannot be easily explained by most of the postulated mechanisms. Novel strategies targetting amyloid versus Abeta will be presented. Abeta immunotherapy remains a promising approach for the treatment of AD. Late stage trials of passive immunotherapy are underway in humans. Though mouse models may be helpful in evaluating the potential efficacy of a given Abeta immunotherapy, they may not be useful in predicting possible side effects. Even in mice the efficacy of immunotherapy is limited with respect to certain endpoints when treatment is initiated in mice with AD like amyloid loads. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying efficacy are likely to be needed in order to develop an optimized immunologic approach to targeting Abeta in AD.
Xylanase Production by a Local Isolate, Trichoderma spp. FETL c3-2via Solid State Fermentation Using Agricultural Wastes as Substrates (2006)

The production of xylanase by a local isolate Trichoderma spp.FETL c3-2 via solid state fermentation system using sugar cane baggase:palm kernel cake as substrates was investigated.The optimized solid state fermentation (SSF) system consists of 5 g of sugar cane baggase: palm kernel cake of ratio 90:10 (%, w/w), moisture content of 75% (v/w), pH of moistening agent of pH 7.0, at 30 o C and inoculum size of 1x10 8 spores/ml.The SSF system was also supplemented with 4% (w/w) dextrin and 6% (w/w) of tryptone as additional carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively.Cellulose at the concentration of 0.2% (w/w) was found to be a significant inducer for xylanase production.Using the optimized SSF system, a maximum xylanase productivity of 75.0 U per mg glucosamine after 4 days of fermentation time at 30 o C was obtained.The modifications of the SSF system resulted an increase in xylanase productivity by 180% and growth by 40% compared to the basal SSF system.
Experiment design for measuring the probability of detection in remote sensing: How many objects? How many passes? (2014)

Buried threat detection system (e.g., GPR, FLIR, EMI) performance can be summarized through two related statistics: the probability of detection (PD), and the false alarm rate (FAR). These statistics impact system rate of forward advance, clearance probability, and the overall usefulness of the system. Understanding system PD and FAR for each target type of interest is fundamental to making informed decisions regarding system procurement and deployment. Since PD and FAR cannot be measured directly, proper experimental design is required to ensure that estimates of PD and FAR are accurate. Given an unlimited number of target emplacements, estimating PD is straightforward. However in realistic scenarios with constrained budgets, limited experimental collection time and space, and limited number of targets, estimating PD becomes significantly more complicated. For example, it may be less expensive to collect data over the same exact target emplacement multiple times than to collect once over multiple unique target emplacements. Clearly there is a difference between the quantity and value of the information obtained from these two experiments (one collection over multiple objects, and multiple collections over one particular object). This work will clarify and quantify the amount of information gained from multiple data collections over one target compared to collecting over multiple unique target burials. Results provide a closed-form solution to estimating the relative value of collecting multiple times over one object, or emplacing a new object, and how to optimize experimental design to achieve stated goals and simultaneously minimize cost.
Methods for Approximate Reasoning (2005)

This deliverable shows examples about approximating symbolic inference engines in a Semantic Web environment. Approaches of language weakening, knowledge compilation, and approximated deduction are presented. The last one is evaluated in practical applications with mixed results.
The Structural Systematics of Protonation of Some Important Nitrogen‐base Ligands. III. Some (Univalent) Anion Salts of some Hindered Unidentate Nitrogen Bases (2006)

Abstract Recent structural studies of salts of the 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinium cation [tmpH] + (chloride, bromide; thiocyanate) present as interesting dimeric or polymeric associations linked by pairs of directional hydrogen‐bonds from the cationic = ${\rm NH}^{+}_{2}$ moieties to ‘two‐coordinate’ anions. Present single crystal X‐ray studies have characterized the iodide, perchlorate, nitrate and trifluoroacetate complexes, all, like those of the preceding studies, of composition [tmpH] + X − (anhydrous). A variety of forms are found: the nitrate compound is dimeric [[tmpH](O·NO·O) 2 [Htmp]], the trifluoroacetate compound being similar in form while the iodide and perchlorate salts are mixtures of dimers (with the anions essentially single atom bridges) and single‐stranded helical polymers, the stoichiometric ratio of these being 1:1 and 2:1 in terms of [tmpH]X formula units, respectively. A study of 4‐keto‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidinium thiocyanate shows it to be a dimer $\left [ [{\rm OtmpH}] \left (^{\rm SCN}_{\rm NSC} \right ) [{\rm HtmpO}] \right ]$ unlike its previously studied chloride analogue which is a cyclic tetramer. A new P 2 1 / n phase of di‐isopropylammonium chloride, derivative of the previously described P 2 1 2 1 2 1 and P 2 1 forms, is reported, together with descriptions of protonated salts of the other hindered unidentate bases 2,6‐lutidine (as the chloride salt), quinoline (as the perchlorate, trifluoroacetate, hexachlorostannate and bisulfate salts) and 2‐quinaldine (as the chloride (anhydrous and monohydrate) and hexachlorostannate salts), all displaying arrays derivative of ion‐pair formation (extended by anion‐anion hydrogen‐bonds as well in the bisulfate salt) and, in the case of the aromatic bases, dominated by parallel stacking.
Automatic modularity conformance checking (2008)

According to Parnas's information hiding principle and Baldwin and Clark's design rule theory, the key step to decomposing a system into modules is to determine the design rules (or in Parnas's terms, interfaces) that decouple otherwise coupled design decisions and to hide decisions that are likely to change in independent modules. Given a modular design, it is often difficult to determine whether and how its implementation realizes the designed modularity. Manually comparing code with abstract design is tedious and error-prone. We present an automated approach to check the conformance of implemented modularity to designed modularity, using design structure matrices as a uniform representation for both. Our experiments suggest that our approach has the potential to manifest the decoupling effects of design rules in code, and to detect modularity deviation caused by implementation faults. We also show that design and implementation models together provide a comprehensive view of modular structure that makes certain implicit dependencies within code explicit.
Nematocidal effects of natural phytoregulators jasmonic acid and methyl-jasmonate againstPratylenchus zeaeandHelicotylenchus spp. (2012)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nematocidal effects of natural phytoregulators jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl-jasmonate (MJ) against plant parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus zeae (Graham) (Pratylenchidae) and Helicotylenchus spp. (Hoplolaimidae). Both JA and MJ promoted elevated percentages of mortality in P. zeae and Helicotylenchus spp. after 12 and 24 h of nematodes exposition at different concentrations of jasmonates. Considering the potential use of jasmonates as biofertiliser added now for their nematocidal effects, our results are of relevance in terms of biotechnological application.
A Non-Magnetic, MR-Compatible Pacing Catheter for Clinical Application in Magnetocardiography (1990)

A special bipolar pacing catheter for use in magnetocardiographic investigations has been developed. Several investigations have shown that it is fully compatible to both biomagnetic and MR imaging and thus serves as an ideal reference point for intracardial stimulation in magnetocardiography.
Stiff-Man Syndrome and Variants (2012)

Recognition of classic SMS vs variants is important because appropriate therapy improves symptoms in most patients. Classification by anatomical extent and by GAD65 antibody serostatus gives important diagnostic and prognostic information.