gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Driver Performance and Distraction during use of in-vehicle Signing Information (2013)

The goal of this study was to examine the in-vehicle signing (IVS) function displayed on a mobile device to determine whether drivers’ compliance with speed limits increased when IVS information was present. The study also sought to identify whether any visual distraction occurred while the IVS information was being used. Notifications of speed zone changes along a roadway, of school zones, construction zones, and curves were visually displayed on a mobile device as per project requirements. Sixty participants (balanced for gender) completed the study, which involved performing a simulated drive in one of three conditions along 24 mi of roadways. The three system-on groups represented the following information conditions: IVS plus navigation, navigation only, or IVS only. Each group also completed a baseline (system-off) condition. The driving performance results indicated that drivers complied with most speed zones whether IVS information was present or not; however, average speeds tended to be higher in the system-on conditions. Drivers in the IVS-only condition spent significantly less time looking at the in-vehicle display than drivers who were also presented with navigation information. Response time to a roadside visual detection task was significantly increased only in speed transition zones whether IVS information was present or not. This condition suggests that increased driver workload occurs during transitions to a new speed zone, particularly when drivers are required to search the environment for additional visual information (e.g., signs, pedestrians, other vehicles).
Soft mode behavior in the orthorhombic to tetragonal transition in the high T c superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ (1988)

The Young’s modulus and rigidity modulus of the high Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ is measured from 300 to 1125 K using a 40-kHz ultrasonic resonant composite oscillator. Marked soft mode behavior occurs in both moduli in the vicinity of the orthorhombic to tetragonal transition, the softening being associated with orthorhombic shear fluctuations. The deep soft mode cusp allows the transition to be precisely determined as a function of oxygen partial pressure. A mechanical damping peak similar to that in Y-ZrO2 occurs at 800 K presumably arising from oxygen ion hopping.
Overview of the Author Identification Task at PAN 2013 (2013)

The author identification task at PAN-2013 focuses on author verification where given a set of documents by a single author and a questioned document, the problem is to determine if the questioned document was written by that particular author or not. In this paper we present the evaluation setup, the performance measures, the new corpus we built for this task covering three languages and the evaluation results of the 18 participant teams that submitted their software. Moreover, we survey the characteristics of the submitted approaches and show that a very effective meta-model can be formed based on the output of the participant methods.
A 1Kx8-bit 5 V-only static RAM (1978)

Describes an 8K static RAM with 300 ns access time. The device is organized as a 1K/spl times/8 with a single 5 V power supply. Clocked peripheral circuitry with high value sustaining resistors allows low standby and active power dissipation and infinite chip select length. Process and design considerations are discussed, as well as internal chip timing and circuit schematics.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF α‐ AND β‐PYRANONAPHTHOQUINONE TETRACYCLIC (1982)

Abstract Durch Alkylierung des Hydroxy‐naphthochinons (I) mit Citronellal (II) entstehen die Tetracyclen (III) und (IV).
Ecodefecografia tridimensional dinâmica: nova técnica para avaliação da Síndrome da Defecação Obstruída (SDO) (2006)

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar novas técnicas para avaliação da SDO, utilizando a ultra-sonografia endorretal tridimensional dinâmica e comparando os resultados com a defecografia. Foram incluídas neste estudo 25 mulheres adultas, distribuídas em dois grupos. Grupo I: 15 mulheres normais, idade média de 52,4 anos (23-76) e todas se submeteram ao exame proctológico completo e à ultra-sonografia anorretal tri-dimensional dinâmica para se estabelecer os padrões de normalidade do canal anal e reto. Grupo II: 10 pacientes mulheres com evacuação obstruída, idade média de 47,8 anos (33 a 65 anos), apresentando como principais sintomas a sensação de evacuação incompleta, disquezia e digitação vaginal ou perineal. Submeteram-se a exame proctológico completo, seguindo-se defecografia e posteriormente ecodefecografia por dois examinadores que desconheciam o resultado do exame anterior. A ecodefecografia dinâmica foi realizada com um equipamento B-K Medical®, sonda 360º, tipo 2050, com escaneamento automático durante 50 segundos com 6 cm de extensão. O tamanho médio do ângulo formado pelo músculo PR no repouso foi 87,13º (variação 78,9 - 90,8°) (± 1,01) e no esforço evacuatório 99,22º (variação 84,9 - 114,5°) (± 1,84) nas mulheres normais (grupo I). Houve elevação do ângulo em todas as pacientes normais, significando relaxamento normal do PR durante o esforço evacuatório. Com relação à avaliação da anoretocele, a parede posterior da vagina se manteve na posição horizontal durante todo o esforço evacuatório, exceto nas portadoras de anoretocele. Foram diagnosticadas anoretocele (grau I = 1, grau II = 5, grau III = 4) em todas as pacientes do grupo II pelo exame clínico e defecografia. Todos os casos foram confirmados pela ecodefecografia. A partir destes resultados, foram estabelecidos os valores para classificar a anorectocele de acordo com a ecodefecografia (grau I - distância entre as posições da parede vaginal até 5,0mm, grau II de 6,0 a 12,0mm, grau III além de 12,0mm). Foi identificado anismus em uma paciente com anoretocele grau II e em outra com grau III na defecografia e confirmado na ecodefecografia pela redução no ângulo formado pelo PR ao comparar as posições em repouso e durante o esforço evacuatório. A defecografia demonstrou também quatro casos de intussuscepção enquanto a ecodefecografia confirmou estes casos e identificou dois outros. Em conclusão, a ecodefecografia pode ser utilizada como um método alternativo para o diagnóstico da SDO, pois identifica e quantifica todas as disfunções anorretais responsáveis pela evacuação obstruída. Apresenta também a grande vantagem de avaliar os distúrbios da continência, identificando lesões esfincterianas, mesmo ocultas. É minimamente invasivo, bem tolerado, baixo custo, não expondo o paciente à radiação e demonstrando com precisão todas as estruturas anatômicas envolvidas com a defecação.
Hygroscopic growth and activation of uncoated and coated soot particles and their relation to ice nucleation (2009)

Soot particles, which are insoluble in water, are emitted by biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion. During their presence in the atmosphere, soluble substances condense on these particles and alter their cloud-forming potential (Andreae & Rosenfeld, 2008). Thus measurements of the hygroscopic growth (HTDMA, LACIS-mobile), activation behavior (DMT-CCNC) scope of this paper and ice nucleation (AIDA chamber (Mohler et al., 2001)) were performed to estimate the cloudforming potential of pure and coated soot particles. Globally, soot particles contribute up to 2.5 % to the atmospheric aerosol (Horvath, 1993). In the framework of the investigations described here, soot particles were generated either applying a graphitespark-generator (GFG1000) or a flame-sootgenerator (Mini-CAST). With respect to the hygroscopic growth and activation behavior, the influences of the carrier-gas (GFG-soot), the OCcontent (CAST-soot) and of different coating materials were investigated.
How does the balance of metal and acid functions on the benchmark Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst drive the Methane dehydroaromatization reaction? (2022)

Among all the proposed catalytic systems (new supports, synthesis post-treatment, change of transition metal, multi-metallic catalysts, etc.) for the methane dehydroaromatization, the initial Mo/ZSM-5 has remained one of the best suitable catalysts, despite its lack of deep understanding. The catalyst evolves throughout four successive stages: calcination, activation, induction, and deactivation. By studying the balance influence between the acid and metal functions throughout its lifetime, the molybdenum and carbon species could be localized, quantified, and identified as well as their roles. An optimal compromise was then established where the catalyst is composed of 4 wt% Mo with the highest possible acidity. Below these targets, the catalysts with minimal Mo content and low Brønsted acidity display poor catalytic performances, whereas zeolite amorphization occurs during the early stages of the reaction independently of the zeolite acidity once the Mo loading exceeds the optimal value.
A case study of a child with chronic hemolytic anemia due to a Donath–Landsteiner positive, IgM anti‐I autoantibody (2012)

In children, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is generally considered an acute self-limited autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by an IgG biphasic auto-anti-P antibody identified by the Donath-Landsteiner (D-L) test. We report a case of a 5-year-old female with a chronic hemolytic anemia. The etiology of the hemolysis appears to be an unusual D-L positive, IgM antibody with specificity for the I antigen. The clinical course is described and a discussion of PCH and the D-L antibody is presented. We also discuss intravenous immunoglobulin infusions as a therapy for children with this form of severe chronic autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
RNAi and the drug discovery process (2005)

Drug discovery is a complex process that seeks to identify therapeutics for treating human disease. It has very high failure rate, and by one estimate, the total cost for a therapeutic successfully brought to market is 803 million dollars (DiMasi et al., 2003). Failure occurs at all points in the process, with failures at the pre-development stages being the most common, and failures at the clinical stages being the most costly. Scientists working in drug discovery are continually challenged to identify ways to improve the process. Current efforts are largely “target-based” approaches. Once chosen, the target may be studied in vitro for more than a year, and in model systems of the disease for up to four years. Errors in determining whether a given target is truly effective in treating a disease may not be detected until Phase II or Phase III clinical studies, which follow many years of study and a financial investment of tens or hundreds of millions of dollars. As such, target validation is a critical aspect of the drug discovery process.
Region-guided CycleGANs for Stain Transfer in Whole Slide Images (2022)

In whole slide imaging, commonly used staining techniques based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains accentuate different aspects of the tissue landscape. In the case of detecting metastases, IHC provides a distinct readout that is readily interpretable by pathologists. IHC, however, is a more expensive approach and not available at all medical centers. Virtually generating IHC images from H&amp;E using deep neural networks thus becomes an attractive alternative. Deep generative models such as CycleGANs learn a semantically-consistent mapping between two image domains, while emulating the textural properties of each domain. They are therefore a suitable choice for stain transfer applications. However, they remain fully unsupervised, and possess no mechanism for enforcing biological consistency in stain transfer. In this paper, we propose an extension to CycleGANs in the form of a region of interest discriminator. This allows the CycleGAN to learn from unpaired datasets where, in addition, there is a partial annotation of objects for which one wishes to enforce consistency. We present a use case on whole slide images, where an IHC stain provides an experimentally generated signal for metastatic cells. We demonstrate the superiority of our approach over prior art in stain transfer on histopathology tiles over two datasets. Our code and model are available at https://github.com/jcboyd/miccai2022-roigan.
Cooperative Multi-Robot Control for Target Tracking with Efficient Switching of Onboard Sensing Topologies (2014)

Using multiple robots to track a moving target is po-tentially beneficial because of the reduction in tracking uncertainty, increased coverage, and robustness to failure. Two problems arise immediately. First, these objectives are
Moving beyond annual data reports: A blueprint for communicating and disseminating actionable intelligence (2022)

Identifying and disseminating actionable intelligence is a challenging task that requires thoughtful planning. The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences instituted the Common Metrics Initiative with the goal of evaluating the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Programs using a standard set of metrics. Initially managed by Tufts University, the Center for Leading Innovation and Collaboration (CLIC) at the University of Rochester began leading this initiative in 2017. In directing this work, CLIC created a framework for communicating and disseminating data insights. <i>Insights to Inspire</i> emerged from the need to share strategies and lessons learned to improve metric performance at the local level to a network of 60+ academic research institutions. <i>Insights to Inspire</i> employs a mixed methods approach for translating data into actionable intelligence. A series of blogs, webinars, and webcasts were designed to communicate metric-specific strategies used by individual sites to the broader CTSA consortium. A dissemination plan to expand the reach beyond metric stakeholders utilized focused communications including social media channels, network newsletters, and presentations at national meetings. This framework serves as a blueprint for other national evaluation programs interested in a systematic approach to using data insights for continuous improvement.
Data from Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Subsets Drive Glioblastoma Growth in a Sex-Specific Manner (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) that block antitumor immunity are elevated in glioblastoma (GBM) patient blood and tumors. However, the distinct contributions of monocytic (mMDSC) versus granulocytic (gMDSC) subsets have yet to be determined. In mouse models of GBM, we observed that mMDSCs were enriched in the male tumors, whereas gMDSCs were elevated in the blood of females. Depletion of gMDSCs extended survival only in female mice. Using gene-expression signatures coupled with network medicine analysis, we demonstrated in preclinical models that mMDSCs could be targeted with antiproliferative agents in males, whereas gMDSC function could be inhibited by IL1β blockade in females. Analysis of patient data confirmed that proliferating mMDSCs were predominant in male tumors and that a high gMDSC/IL1β gene signature correlated with poor prognosis in female patients. These findings demonstrate that MDSC subsets differentially drive immune suppression in a sex-specific manner and can be leveraged for therapeutic intervention in GBM.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Sexual dimorphism at the level of MDSC subset prevalence, localization, and gene-expression profile constitutes a therapeutic opportunity. Our results indicate that chemotherapy can be used to target mMDSCs in males, whereas IL1 pathway inhibitors can provide benefit to females via inhibition of gMDSCs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Gabrilovich et al., p. 1100&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1079&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor–Induced Angiogenic Phenotype in Mouse Endothelium (1997)

The mouse is the most commonly used species for in vivo studies on angiogenesis related to tumor development. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, very few reports on the in vitro interaction of the angiogenic basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) with mouse endothelial cells are available. Three mouse endothelial cell lines originated from aorta (MAECs), brain capillaries (MBECs), and heart capillaries (MHECs) were characterized for endothelial phenotypic markers, in vivo tumorigenic activity, and the capacity to respond in vitro to bFGF. These cells express angiotensin-converting enzyme, acetylated LDL receptor, constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and bind Griffonia simplicifolia-I lectin. When injected subcutaneously in nude mice, MAECs induced the appearance of slow-growing vascular lesions reminiscent of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, whereas MBEC xenografts grew rapidly, showing Kaposi's sarcoma-like morphological features. No lesions were induced by injection of MHECs. MAECs, MBECs, and MHECs expressed both low-affinity heparan sulfate bFGF-binding sites and high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptors (FGFRs) on their surfaces. In particular, MAECs expressed FGFR-2/bek mRNA, whereas microvascular MBECs and MHECs expressed FGFR-1/flg mRNA. Accordingly, bFGF induced a mitogenic response and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 in all the cell lines. In contrast, upregulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression was observed in bFGF-treated microvascular MBECs and MHECs but not in MAECs. Also, bFGF-treated MBECs and MHECs but not MAECs invaded a three-dimensional fibrin gel and formed hollow, capillary-like structures. The relevance of the modifications of the fibrinolytic balance of mouse microvascular endothelium in bFGF-induced angiogenesis was validated in vivo by a gelatin-sponge assay in which the plasmin inhibitors tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid given to mice in the drinking water inhibited neovascularization induced by the growth factor. In conclusion, differences in response to bFGF exist between large-vessel MAECs and microvascular MBECs and MHECs. Both in vitro and in vivo data point to a role of the profibrinolytic phenotype induced by bFGF in microvascular endothelial cells during mouse angiogenesis. Our observations make these endothelial cell lines suitable for further studies on mouse endothelium during angiogenesis and in angioproliferative diseases.
Femtosecond Lidar and Coherent Control (2007)

We present the most powerful white light femtosecond Lidar experiment to date using a 30J-30TW laser. We also discuss the applicability of coherent control to femtosecond Lidar experiments, in order to identify bioagents in air.
Organometallic synthesis in ambient temperature chloroaluminate(III) ionic liquids. Ligand exchange reactions of ferrocene (1997)

The ambient temperature ionic liquid system [bmim]Cl–AlCl3 (where [bmim]+ = 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation) has been used to prepare a number of arene(cyclopentadienyl)iron(II) complexes of the type [Fe(C5H5)(arene)]+ from ferrocene. The ionic liquid acts as both solvent and Lewis acid source ([Al2Cl7]–). The products were only formed on addition of a proton source, [bmim][HCl2], confirming mechanistic formulations involving a combination of Lewis and Brønsted acid activity. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of [Fe(η5-C5H5)(η6-C6H5C6H4Br)][PF6] is also reported. The structure clearly shows both π–π stacking interactions between neighbouring cations and hydrogen bonds between the cations and anions.
Biodegradable magnesium scaffolds: Part 1: Appropriate inflammatory response (2007)

Current tissue engineering strategies focus on the replacement of pathologically altered tissues by the transplantation of cells in combination with supportive biocompatible scaffolds. Scaffolds for tissue engineering strategies in musculoskeletal research require an appropriate mechanical stability. In recent studies, considerable attention has thus been given to magnesium alloys as biodegradable implants. The aim of this study was to characterize the biocompatibility of magnesium scaffolds by the inflammatory host response. Open porous scaffolds made of the magnesium alloy AZ91D were implanted into the distal femur condyle of rabbits and were compared to autologous bone, which was transplanted into the contralateral condyle in a 3 and 6 months follow-up group. After 3 months, magnesium scaffolds were already largely degraded and most of the original magnesium alloy has disappeared. Concomitantly, a fibrous capsule enclosed the operation site. Histological analysis revealed that the magnesium scaffolds caused no significant harm to their neighboring tissues. This study shows that even fast degrading magnesium scaffolds show a good biocompatibility and react in vivo with an appropriate inflammatory host response. Magnesium alloy based implants are therefore a very promising approach in the development of mechanically suitable and open porous scaffolds for the replacement of subchondral bone in cartilage tissue engineering.
Effects of trans ‐10, cis ‐12 and cis ‐9, trans ‐11 CLA on atherosclerosis in apoE/LDLR −/− mice (2011)

The objective of our studies was to verify the potential health-related, anti-atherogenic potency of CLA isomers, fed to apolipoprotein E and LDL receptor double knockout mice (apoE/LDLR−/−), representing a reliable model of atherogenesis. Additionally, the effect of CLA isomers on liver steatosis was observed. In a “long experiment” (LONG), 2-month-old mice with no atherosclerosis were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and fed for the next 4 months. In a “short experiment” (SHORT), 4-month-old mice, with pre-established atherosclerosis, were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and fed for the next 2 months. The experimental diets were: AIN-93G (control), AIN-93G + 0.5% trans-10,cis-12 CLA (t10,c12), and AIN-93G + 0.5% cis9,trans-11 CLA (c9,t11). In both experiments, c9,t11 CLA increased mice body weight. In mice fed t10,c12 CLA weight of liver was threefold (p<0.05) increased what was linked with hepatic steatosis observed in LONG and SHORT experiment. In LONG experiment, t10,c12 CLA significantly (p<0.05) increased plasma TAGs, whereas no such effect was observed in SHORT one. In mice receiving the CLA isomers the level of PPARα and SREBP-1 mRNA in liver were significantly decreased. The expression of their target genes like ACO (PPARα) or FAS (SREBP-1) were not changed. Only c9,t11 increased ACO level in LONG experiment. There were no isomer-specific effects of CLA isomers on the area of atherosclerotic plaque. In conclusion, our results do not support the notion that CLA isomers supplementation to the diet has anti-atherosclerotic effects. CLA isomers have no effect on atherosclerosis in apoE/LDLR−/− mice. Practical applications: CLAs have been shown to occur naturally in food. In the last 10 years, attempts have been made to enrich animal-derived foods in CLA isomers through animal nutrition strategies. Indeed, these attempts resulted in production of functional food such as CLA-enriched milk (butter and cheese), ruminant and non-ruminant meat, as well as eggs. In addition to natural foodstuff, dietary CLA supplements can also contribute to CLA intake in humans. Commercial CLA preparations, fed to laboratory animals, showed several health-related properties, including anti-adipogenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The underlying mechanisms of action, however, are only poorly understood. The major objective of our studies was to verify the potential health-related, namely anti-atherogenic potency of CLA isomers, fed to apoE/LDLR−/− mice, representing unique and reliable model of atherogenesis. Additionally, effect of CLA isomers on steatosis was observed.