gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiviral Activity of Arabinosyladenine and Arabinosylhypoxanthine in Herpes Simplex Virus-Infected KB Cells: Selective Inhibition of Viral Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis in the Presence of an Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitor (1976)

The antiviral activity of the fraudulent nucleoside arabinosyladenine (ara-A) against herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 was increased nearly 20-fold by the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, coformycin. The combination of ara-A plus coformycin was 90 times more potent in blocking HSV replication than was arabinosylhypoxanthine (ara-H). In suspension culture both drugs were more active than they were in monolayer culture. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis also was inhibited by the nucleosides. Depending upon the species of DNA examined, ara-A was 8 to 15 times more active in the presence of coformycin, and the combination was 35 to 70 times more potent than ara-H. Both drugs inhibited total DNA synthesis to the same extent in uninfected and HSV-infected KB cells. In contrast, viral DNA synthesis was three to six times more susceptible to inhibition than was cellular DNA synthesis. Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis was more pronounced in suspension culture than in monolayer culture. However, the method of cell propagation did not alter the degree to which the drugs inhibited DNA synthesis in uninfected KB cells. An index has been derived to quantitate the extent of the selective inhibition of viral or cellular DNA synthesis. Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations of a drug were calculated for uninfected KB DNA synthesis and viral DNA synthesis and expressed as a ratio. The logarithm of this ratio was termed the selective index and was positive if viral DNA synthesis was inhibited preferentially or negative if uninfected KB DNA synthesis was more strongly inhibited. Data from experiments performed in monolayer culture gave positive selective index values of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.4 for ara-A plus coformycin, ara-A, and ara-H, respectively. Values of 0.7 and 0.6 were obtained from suspension culture data for ara-A plus coformycin and ara-H, respectively. Considered collectively, the data presented in this communication establish that coformycin increased the potency of ara-A but did not increase its selectivity.
The Medical Isotope Crisis: How We Got Here and Where We Are Going (2014)

(99m)Tc is the most widely used radionuclide in nuclear medicine. The reactor stoppages that occurred in recent years illustrated the vulnerability of the availability of radiotracers for imaging. With many of the reactors due for shutdown over the next 5-10 y, alternative routes to producing the (99)Mo/(99m)Tc pair are being explored. This brief review examines how we have reached this situation and what the near and distant future holds for securing the availability of these radioisotopes.
Binding of saturated and unsaturated C6-hydrocarbons to the electrophilic anion [B12Br11]−: a systematic mechanistic study (2022)

The highly reactive gaseous ion [B<sub>12</sub>Br<sub>11</sub>]<sup>-</sup> is a metal-free closed-shell anion which spontaneously forms covalent bonds with hydrocarbon molecules, including alkanes. Herein, we systematically investigate the reaction mechanism for binding of [B<sub>12</sub>Br<sub>11</sub>]<sup>-</sup> to the five hexane isomers yielding [B<sub>12</sub>Br<sub>11</sub>(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>)]<sup>-</sup>, as well as to cyclohexane and several hexene isomers (yielding [B<sub>12</sub>Br<sub>11</sub>(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>)]<sup>-</sup>) using collision-induced dissociation (CID), infrared photodissociation spectroscopy (IRPD) and computational methods. CID of the different [B<sub>12</sub>Br<sub>11</sub>(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>)]<sup>-</sup> ions results in distinct fragmentation patterns dependent on the structure of the hexane isomer. The observed fragmentation reactions provide insights into the addition mechanism of [B<sub>12</sub>Br<sub>11</sub>]<sup>-</sup> to hexane. Based on the observed CID patterns, we identified that either B-C bond formation through heterolytic C-C or C-H bond cleavages or B-H bond formation through heterolytic C-H cleavage occur dependent on the structure of the hexane isomer. Meanwhile, we observe identical CID spectra of adducts originating from isomers of C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>. Spectroscopic investigations of adducts of 1-hexene and cyclohexane indicate the same product structure with an open C<sub>6</sub> chain. Computational investigations evidenced that low lying transition states are present, which enable a ring opening reaction of cyclohexane when binding to [B<sub>12</sub>Br<sub>11</sub>]<sup>-</sup>.
Noncovalent Interactions in Organocatalysis: Modulating Conformational Diversity and Reactivity in the MacMillan Catalyst (2013)

Intriguing imidazolidinones! Inspired by noncovalent interactions in proteins, a series of electronically distinct MacMillan catalysts were designed. The effect of electronic modulation on ground state conformation, reactivity, and performance was studied in a catalytic setting with intriguing outcomes.
Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of oral morphine solution and controlled-release morphine tablets in cancer patients (1989)

Twenty-three adult patients with chronic pain due to cancer completed a double-blind, randomized, two-phase crossover trial comparing plasma morphine concentrations and analgesic efficacy of oral morphine sulfate solution (MSS) and controlled-release morphine sulfate tablets (MS Contin [MSC], Purdue Frederick, Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada). MS Contin was given every 12 hours to all patients except those whose daily morphine dose could not be equally divided into two 12-hour doses with the tablet strengths available. MSS was given every 4 hours. Patients received both of the test drugs for at least 5 days, and, on the final day of each phase, peripheral venous blood samples for morphine analysis were obtained. Eighteen patients received MSC every 12 hours, and five received it every 8 hours. The same total daily morphine dose was given in both phases. In the 18 patients who received MSC every 12 hours, the daily morphine dose was 183.9 +/- 140.0 mg (mean +/- SD). In this group, the mean area under the curve (AUC) with MSC was 443.6 +/- 348.4 ng/ml/hour, compared with 406.8 +/- 259.7 ng/ml/hour for MSS (P greater than 0.20). Mean maximum morphine concentrations (Cmax) for MSC and MSS were 67.9 +/- 42.1 and 58.8 +/- 30.3 ng/ml, respectively (P greater than 0.05). Mean minimum morphine concentrations (Cmin) were 17.0 +/- 17.7 and 18.3 +/- 15.0, respectively (P greater than 0.30). There was a significant difference (P less than 0.001) between the two drugs in time required to reach maximum morphine concentration (Tmax). Mean Tmax after MSC occurred at 3.6 +/- 2.3 hours. After MSS, it occurred at 1.3 +/- 0.4 hours. In the five patients who received MSC every 8 hours, the findings paralleled those in the principal group, with no significant differences between MSC and MSS in Cmax or Cmin and a highly significant difference between the two in Tmax. However, in this small group of patients, the AUC with MSC was significantly (P = 0.04) greater than that with MSS. All patients had very good pain control throughout the study and both formulations were well tolerated. There were no significant differences between MSC and MSS in pain scores or side effects. Under the conditions of this study there was no clinically significant difference in bioavailability between MSC and oral MSS. When given on a 12-hourly basis in individually titrated doses, the MSC provided therapeutic plasma morphine concentrations throughout the dosing interval.
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the pathophysiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis (chronic fatigue syndrome) (2006)

Evidence is put forward to suggest that myalgic encephalomyelitis, also known as chronic fatigue syndrome, may be associated with persistent viral infection. In turn, such infections are likely to impair the ability of the body to biosynthesise n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by inhibiting the delta-6 desaturation of the precursor essential fatty acids--namely, alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid. This would, in turn, impair the proper functioning of cell membranes, including cell signalling, and have an adverse effect on the biosynthesis of eicosanoids from the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. These actions might offer an explanation for some of the symptoms and signs of myalgic encephalomyelitis. A potential therapeutic avenue could be offered by bypassing the inhibition of the enzyme delta-6-desaturase by treatment with virgin cold-pressed non-raffinated evening primrose oil, which would supply gamma-linolenic acid and lipophilic pentacyclic triterpenes, and with eicosapentaenoic acid. The gamma-linolenic acid can readily be converted into dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and thence arachidonic acid, while triterpenes have important free radical scavenging, cyclo-oxygenase and neutrophil elastase inhibitory activities. Furthermore, both arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are, at relatively low concentrations, directly virucidal.
Manufacture of Si ribbons by the S-web-technique (1990)

The S-web technique was developed for the high-throughput production of sheet Si for low-cost crystalline solar cells. A pilot unit was installed to demonstrate continuous Si ribbon growth. With this machine, Si ribbons have been grown continuously at a speed of 1 m/min up to a length of 145 m; the width was 11-12 cm. A maximum pulling speed of 2 m/min has been achieved. Test solar cells of S-web ribbons pulled with a laboratory unit have efficiencies up to >12%, large-area standard cells have efficiencies of up to 9.8%. A module made of such standard cells had a mean cell efficiency of 9%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Surface-Deacetylated Chitin Nano-Fiber/Hyaluronic Acid Composites as Potential Antioxidative Compounds for Use in Extended-Release Matrix Tablets (2015)

In this study, we examined a possible use of a surface-deacetylated chitin nano-fiber (SDCH-NF) and hyaluronic acid (HA) interpolymer complex (IPC) tablet as a potential antioxidative compound in extended-release matrix tablets. The antioxidant properties of untreated chitin (UCH), SDCH-NF, and HA were examined using N-centered radicals derived from 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). SDCH-NF and HA had acceptable scavenging abilities and were relatively efficient radical scavengers, but UCH was much less effective. The results suggest that SDCH-NF and HA could serve as scavengers of compounds related to the development of oxidative stress. An SDCH-NF/HA IPC tablet was prepared and evaluated as an extended-release tablet matrix using famotidine (FMT) as a model drug. The release of FMT from the IPC tablet (DCF-NF:HA=1:1) was slower than that from a SDCH-NF only tablet. Turbidity measurements and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data also indicated that the optimum complexation ratio for IPC between SDCH-NF/HA is 1/1, resulting in a good relationship between turbidity or XRD of the complex and the release ratio of FMT. These results suggest that an SDCH-NF/HA tablet has the potential for use in an extended-release IPC tablet with a high antioxidant activity.
Cyclophosphamide Triggers Follicle Activation and “Burnout”; AS101 Prevents Follicle Loss and Preserves Fertility (2013)

Premature ovarian failure and infertility are major side effects of chemotherapy treatments in young cancer patients. A more thorough understanding of the mechanism behind chemotherapy-induced follicle loss is necessary to develop new methods to preserve fertility in these patients. We show that the alkylating agent cyclophosphamide (Cy) activates the growth of the quiescent primordial follicle population in mice, resulting in loss of ovarian reserve. Despite the initial massive apoptosis observed in growing, though not in resting, follicles of Cy-treated mice, differential follicle counts demonstrated both a decrease in primordial follicles and an increase in early growing follicles. Immunohistochemistry showed that granulosa cells were undergoing proliferation. Analysis of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway demonstrated that Cy increased phosphorylation of proteins that stimulate follicle activation in the oocytes and granulosa cells. Coadministration of an immunomodulator, AS101, reduced follicle activation, thereby increasing follicle reserve and rescuing fertility after Cy, and also increased the efficacy of Cy against breast cancer cell lines. These findings suggest that the mechanism in Cy-induced loss of ovarian reserve is accelerated primordial follicle activation, which results in a "burnout" effect and follicle depletion. By preventing this activation, AS101 shows potential as an ovarian-protective agent, which may be able to preserve fertility in female cancer patients.
Microparticle Inertial Focusing in an Asymmetric Curved Microchannel (2018)

Inertial microfluidics offers high throughput, label-free, easy to design, and cost-effective solutions and is a promising technique based on hydrodynamic forces (passive techniques) instead of external ones, which can be employed in lab-on-a-chip and micro-total-analysis-systems for focusing, manipulation, and separation of microparticles in chemical and biomedical applications. The current work, studies the focusing behavior of microparticles in an asymmetric curvilinear microchannel. For this purpose, focusing behavior, including position and band width, of microparticles of diameters of 10, 15 and 20 &amp;micro;m, which served as representatives of different cells, in an asymmetric curvilinear microchannel with curvature angle of 280&amp;deg; was experimentally studied at flow rates from 400 to 2700 &amp;micro;L/min (corresponding to Reynolds numbers between 30 and 205). The results revealed that the largest distance between focusing bands of 20 &amp;micro;m and 10 &amp;micro;m microparticles as well as between focusing bands of 15 &amp;micro;m and 10 &amp;micro;m was obtained at Reynolds number of 121. For the case of microparticles of diameters 20 &amp;micro;m and 15 &amp;micro;m, the largest distance was seen at Reynolds number of 144. The focusing band width became smaller in the asymmetric microchannel so that focusing could be more clearly observed in this configuration.
Dictionary-Based Compression for Long Time-Series Similarity (2009)

Long time-series data sets are common in many domains, especially scientific domains. Applications in these fields often require comparing trajectories using similarity measures. Existing methods perform well for short time series but their evaluation cost degrades rapidly for longer time series. In this work, we develop a new time-series similarity measure called the Dictionary Compression Score (DCS) for determining time-series similarity. We also show that this method allows us to accurately and quickly calculate similarity for both short and long time series. We use the well-known Kolmogorov Complexity in information theory and the Lempel-Ziv compression framework as a basis to calculate similarity scores. We show that off-the-shelf compressors do not fair well for computing time-series similarity. To address this problem, we developed a novel dictionary-based compression technique to compute time-series similarity. We also develop heuristics to automatically identify suitable parameters for our method, thus, removing the task of parameter tuning found in other existing methods. We have extensively compared DCS with existing similarity methods for classification. Our experimental evaluation shows that for long time-series data sets, DCS is accurate, and it is also significantly faster than existing methods.
Expression from a betageo gene trap in the Slain1 gene locus is predominantly associated with the developing nervous system (2010)

Slain1 was originally identified as a novel stem cell-associated gene in transcriptional profiling experiments comparing mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and their immediate differentiated progeny. In order to obtain further insight into the potential function of Slain1, we examined the expression of beta-galactosidase in a gene-trap mouse line in which a beta-geo reporter gene was inserted into the second intron of Slain1. In early stage embryos (E7.5), the Slain1-betageo fusion protein was expressed within the entire epiblast, but by E9.5 became restricted to the developing nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. In later stage embryos (E11.5 - E13.5), expression was predominantly within the developing nervous system. Lower level expression was also observed in the developing limb buds, in the condensing mesenchyme, along the apical epidermal ridge and, at later stages, within the digital zones. These observations suggest that Slain1 may play a role in the development of the nervous system, as well as in the morphogenesis of several embryonic structures.
Pulsed type ultrasonic anemometer based on a double FFT procedure (2004)

A signal processing algorithm for a pulsed type ultrasonic anemometer is described. The measurement principle is based on the linear relationship between the inverse transit time difference (TTD) and air velocity. The algorithm uses two phases of fast fourier transforms (FFTs). Computer simulations demonstrate the high performance of this algorithm. Its advantages over other pulsed type algorithm are discussed.
Rapid sensing of circulating ghrelin by hypothalamic appetite-modifying neurons (2013)

To maintain homeostasis, hypothalamic neurons in the arcuate nucleus must dynamically sense and integrate a multitude of peripheral signals. Blood-borne molecules must therefore be able to circumvent the tightly sealed vasculature of the blood-brain barrier to rapidly access their target neurons. However, how information encoded by circulating appetite-modifying hormones is conveyed to central hypothalamic neurons remains largely unexplored. Using in vivo multiphoton microscopy together with fluorescently labeled ligands, we demonstrate that circulating ghrelin, a versatile regulator of energy expenditure and feeding behavior, rapidly binds neurons in the vicinity of fenestrated capillaries, and that the number of labeled cell bodies varies with feeding status. Thus, by virtue of its vascular connections, the hypothalamus is able to directly sense peripheral signals, modifying energy status accordingly.
Aspergillus mediastinitis after cardiac surgery (2016)

The clinical features of postoperative Aspergillus mediastinitis may be paucisymptomatic, emphasizing the need for a low index of suspicion in cases of culture-negative mediastinitis or in indolent wound infections. In addition to surgical debridement, the central component of antifungal therapy should include amphotericin B or voriconazole.
Self-powered smart systems: a dream or future reality? Challenges and perspectives (2014)

International audience
The ratio of acetate‐to‐glucose oxidation in astrocytes from a single13CNMRspectrum of cerebral cortex (2014)

The (13) C-labeling patterns in glutamate and glutamine from brain tissue are quite different after infusion of a mixture of (13) C-enriched glucose and acetate. Two processes contribute to this observation, oxidation of acetate by astrocytes but not neurons, and preferential incorporation of α-ketoglutarate into glutamate in neurons, and incorporation of α-ketoglutarate into glutamine in astrocytes. The acetate:glucose ratio, introduced previously for analysis of a single (13) C NMR spectrum, provides a useful index of acetate and glucose oxidation in the brain tissue. However, quantitation of relative substrate oxidation at the cell compartment level has not been reported. A simple mathematical method is presented to quantify the ratio of acetate-to-glucose oxidation in astrocytes, based on the standard assumption that neurons do not oxidize acetate. Mice were infused with [1,2-(13) C]acetate and [1,6-(13) C]glucose, and proton decoupled (13) C NMR spectra of cortex extracts were acquired. A fit of those spectra to the model indicated that (13) C-labeled acetate and glucose contributed approximately equally to acetyl-CoA (0.96) in astrocytes. As this method relies on a single (13) C NMR spectrum, it can be readily applied to multiple physiologic and pathologic conditions. Differences in (13) C labeling of brain glutamate and glutamine have been attributed to metabolic compartmentation. The acetate:glucose ratio, introduced for description of a (13) C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectrum, is an index of glucose and acetate oxidation in brain tissue. A simple mathematical method is presented to quantify the ratio of acetate-to-glucose oxidation in astrocytes from a single NMR spectrum. As kinetic analysis is not required, the method is readily applicable to analysis of tissue extracts. α-KG = alpha-ketoglutarate; CAC = citric acid cycle; GLN = glutamine; GLU = glutamate.
Secondary injury after musculoskeletal trauma: a review and update. (2002)

The secondary injury model has been reconciled with our contemporary understanding of pathophysiology. Specifically, secondary hypoxic injury has been clarified to be secondary ischemic injury, and several specific mechanisms for ischemic injury have been identified. Similarly, secondary injury from mitochondrial failure and other potential mechanisms has been identified, and the role and interaction of these mechanisms in relation to total secondary injury have been expanded.
A Compact Conformal Dipole Antenna With Improved Gain for Wireless Capsule Endoscope Systems (2019)

A compact dipole antenna, operating at 915-MHz Industrial, Scientific, and medical (ISM) band of 902-928 MHz, is investigated for wireless capsule endoscope (WCE) systems. The proposed antenna consists of planar and vertical parts. By loading two symmetric semi-circular patches which form capacitive coupling with ring patch and two high impedance lines in the planar part, the simulated impedance bandwidth for |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | less than -10 dB reaches 15.9% (0.87-1.02 GHz). Simulation results indicate that the proposed antenna has a dipole-like radiation pattern with a peak gain of -20.5 dBi.
Biliary Anastomotic Complications in 400 Living Related Liver Transplantations (2001)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cause and outcome of biliary anastomotic complications occurring after living related liver transplantation (LRLT). A database of 391 patients undergoing 400 LRLT from June 1990 to August 1998 was reviewed. The overall incidence of biliary anastomotic complications was 18.2% (71 patients). There were 45 bile leaks, 35 anastomotic strictures, and the bile duct was ligated inadvertently in 3 cases. Univariative analysis revealed that the manner of stent usage, intrapulmonary shunting, and gender of recipients were significant risk factors for leakage. Anastomotic leaks, cytomegalovirus infection, hepatic artery complications, and gender of recipients were significant risk factors for stricture. In pediatric patients older than 2 years old, ABO blood type compatibility was another risk factor for leakage and stricture. Choice of stent usage and earlier transplantation for patients with intrapulmonary shunting should reduce the rate of biliary leaks, and prophylaxis of leaks for patients with intrapulmonary shunting, and minimizing hepatic artery complications should reduce the rate of biliary stricture after LRLT. Avoidance of ABO-incompatible donors or innovative immunosuppression in ABO-incompatible transplantation should be considered in children.