gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fault detection method for phase-to-ground faults in three-phase inverter applications (2013)

A method to detect phase-to-ground faults in a three-phase four wire networks is presented. Lately, the interest has grown towards the low voltage DC networks to be used as distribution networks or in-house networks. In these networks the protection against different faults must currently be realized using off-the-shelf components meant to be used in AC networks. It means that in short circuit operation, the DC/AC inverter is used to inject the fault current to the AC network in order to enable the proper operation of protection devices. To ensure the reliable operation in fault situations a method is needed to detect these faults and when the fault has been recognized the references are assigned accordingly. The study indicates that by using this type of fault detection, the accurate statictics of the faults in the customer-end AC networks can be obtained.
Sphingolipids from Bombycis Corpus 101A and Their Neurotrophic Effects (2003)

Three new (2-4) and one known (1) sphingolipid were identified in the MeOH extract of Bombycis Corpus 101A. Their structures were elucidated as (4E,2S,3R)-2-N-octadecanoyl-4-tetradecasphingenine (1), (4E,6E,2S,3R)-2-N-eicosanoyl-4,6-tetradecasphingadienine (2), (4E,2S,3R)-2-N-eicosanoyl-4-tetradecasphingenine (3), and (4E,6E,2S,3R)-2-N-docosanoyl-4,6-tetradecasphingadienine (4) on the basis of spectroscopic data. Their neurotrophic effects were evaluated by examining PC12 cell neurite outgrowth.
Silicon-Based Quantum MOS Technology Development (2000)

Abstract : This program demonstrated the first compatible resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) for integration with CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) technology and designed circuits to exploit and evaluate the speed-power advantage of integrated RTD and CMOS devices. The first Si-based resonant interband tunnel diodes were demonstrated with peak current density greater than 10(exp 4) A/sq cm; peak-to-valley current ratio exceeding 2 was achieved at room temperature. The SiO2/Si/SiO2 RTD was studied extensively in a variety of forms, however no room temperature negative differential resistance was observed in the SiO2/Si/SiO2 system. Other double barrier systems were also studied including ZnS/Si, CaF2/Si, and Si3N4/Si without evidence of resonant tunneling. Circuit designs using SPICE showed that integration of tunnel diodes with CMOS provides typically more than 2x speed and density improvement for analog and digital circuits and more than 20x reduction in static power dissipation for memory over conventional circuit approaches. A roadmap was developed outlining the steps to commercialization.
RC/BTB2 is essential for formation of primary cilia in mammalian cells (2015)

RC/BTB2 is a binding partner of sperm associated antigen 16S (SPAG16S), which is a regulator of spermiogenesis in mice, a process during which sperm flagella are formed. The expression of Rc/btb2 is also regulated by multicilin, a protein that controls ciliogenesis. Given that mouse Rc/btb2 mRNA is not only expressed in tissues bearing motile cilia, but also in tissues without motile cilia, we investigated whether RC/BTB2 plays a role in the general process of ciliogenesis by studying two cell lines that have primary cilia, NIH3T3, and IMCD3. We discovered that the subcellular localization of RC/BTB2 in the NIH3T3 and IMCD3 cells encompasses the pathway for ciliogenesis. RC/BTB2 was found in the Golgi bodies and centrosomes, two key structures essential for normal ciliogenesis. Knockdown of Rc/btb2 gene expression in these cell lines disrupted ciliogenesis. The percentage of cells with primary cilia was significantly reduced in stable cell lines transduced with specific Rc/btb2 shRNA viruses as compared to the control cells. When cilia were formed in the knockdown cells, they were significantly shorter than those in the control cells. Knockdown of Rc/btb2 expression did not affect cell proliferation and the cell cycle. Exogenous expression of RC/BTB2 in these stable knockdown cells restored ciliogenesis. These findings suggest that RC/BTB2 is a necessary component of the process of formation of primary cilia in somatic cells, perhaps through the transportation of cargos from Golgi bodies to centrosomes for cilia assembling.
Combined carotid endarterectomy and coronary bypass: a decade experience at UCLA (2001)

The majority of patients undergoing combined CEA/CABG have asymptomatic carotid stenosis identified in preparation for elective CABG. The asymptomatic carotid subset stroke rate of 2.9% resulting from a combined CEA/CABG is higher than our reported rate for CEA performed alone. In patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis, the combined procedure should be selectively performed.
Biomimetic Sensors for Toxic Pesticides and Inorganics based on Optoelectronic/Electrochemical Transducers—An Overview (2007)

Toxic pesticides and heavy metals constitute an important class of pollutants that degrade the environment due to their persistent nature and their unavoidable use in increasing the agricultural output and industrial importance respectively. The design and development of portable devices such as sensors rather than laboratory based instruments in monitoring the above species at trace levels in real samples is prime challenge to analytical chemists at this juncture. Because of the poor physical and chemical stability of biosensors despite their specificity and sensitivity preclude their use in environmental analysis. On the other hand, in conventional chemical sensors are beset with problems of selectivity. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are being increasingly used as recognition elements in mimicking molecular/ionic recognition by natural receptors. A brief survey of synthetic strategies and characterization of MIPs, transducers that convert binding event into a detectable signal, integration strategies of recognition element with a suitable transducer and finally the reported sensors for toxic pesticides and inorganics is discussed. Future outlook of such biomimetic sensors in environmental analysis has been highlighted.
Implementation of the IEC TS 60904-1-2 Measurement Methods for Bifacial Silicon PV Devices (2022)

Bifacial crystalline Silicon (Si) photovoltaic (PV) devices are attracting considerable interest from manufacturers and the market since they can enhance the performance in comparison with traditional monofacial PV devices. Technical specification IEC TS 60904-1-2 was published in 2019 and proposes several characterization methods for bifacial PV device testing based on single-side, double-sided and natural sunlight illumination. This article analyses the advantages, disadvantages, the suitability and the feasibility of the different methods and compares the electrical performance obtained by the proposed approaches at the European Solar Test Installation for the testing of bifacial Si devices. Deviations in <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> below 0.9% for the different testing methods under test was obtained except for the double-source approach with a rear reflector (2.59%) where the measurement of the rear irradaince influence the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <u>P</u> </i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> .
Medical Applications of MRC (2014)

Consistent powering is a limiting reagent for many medical implants and sensors. Powering in-vivo devices in animal studies requires either transcutaneous wiring (limiting mobility and increasing the chance of infection) or an implanted battery (limited lifetime and limits size of device). Wireless power transfer (WPT) would be able to overcome these challenges and permit the use of more advanced implantable devices in a research setting. Magnetic resonance coupling (MRC), an advanced form of inductive charging, allows good transfer efficiencies over significant air gaps, but works best a specific location and frequency, limiting mobility in animal studies. Using band-pass filter theory, an MRC system was simulated and optimized, as well as a design for a continuous WPT animal cage system utilizing MRC with 896 cm2. Both the frequency response and the actual power transfer of the systems were tested; downstream rectification circuitry was also developed to demonstrate WPT. Results indicate using multiple coils in series in a circle orthogonal to the individual coils produced a homogenous magnetic field and frequency response, and using passive coils increased coupling and efficient power transfer. While MRC is traditionally not a robust system, our results show the application can be extended charging over a wide range of space, allowing animal mobility and current experiments to be aided with electronic implants.
<title>New ion-assisted filtered cathodic arc deposition (IFCAD) technology for producing advanced thin films on temperature-sensitive substrates</title> (1999)

An innovative Ion-Assisted Filtered Cathodic Arc Deposition (IFCAD) system has been developed for low temperature production of thin-film coatings. The IFCAD system employs electro-magnetic and mechanical filtering techniques to remove unwanted macroparticles and neutral atoms from the plasma stream. Therefore, only ions within a defined energy range arrive at the substrate surface, depositing thin-films with excellent mechanical and optical properties. Ion- Assisted-Deposition is coupled with Filtered Cathodic Arc technology to enhance and modify the arc deposited thin- films. Using an advanced computer controlled plasma beam scanning system, high quality, large area, uniform IFCAD multi-layer film structures are attained. Amorphous Diamond- Like-Carbon films (up to 85% sp3 bonded carbon; and micro- hardness greater than 50 GPa) have been deposited in multi- layer thin-film combinations with other IFCAD source materials (such as: Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>) for optical and tribological applications. Rutile TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (refractive index of 2.8 at 500 nm) has been deposited with this technology for advanced optical filter applications. The new IFCAD technology has been included in development programs, such as: plastic and glass lens coatings for optical systems; wear resistant coatings on various metal substrates, ultra smooth, durable, surface hydrophobic coatings for aircraft windows; EUV coatings for space instrumentation; transparent conductive coatings; and UV protective coatings for solar cell concentrator plastic Fresnel lens elements for space power.
Fast and robust detection of oil palm trees using high-resolution remote sensing images (2019)

Oil palm tree detection is of great significance for improving the irrigation, estimating the yield of palm oil, and predicting the expansion trend, etc. Existing tree detection methods include traditional image processing, machine learning methods, and sliding window based deep learning methods. In this paper, we proposed a deep learning based end-to-end method for oil palm detection in large scale. First, we built an oil palm sample dataset from 0.1m-resolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) images. Second, we implemented five state-of-the-art object detection algorithms (i.e. Faster- RCNN, VGG-SSD, YOLO-v3, RetinaNet and Mobilenet-SSD) and evaluated their performances for detecting the tree crown size and the location of oil palms. Moreover, we designed an overlapping partition method to improve the oil palm detection results of the UAV images in over 40,000 &times; 40,000 pixels. Experiment results demonstrate that in terms of the detection accuracy, VGG-SSD achieves the best accuracy of 90.91% on the validation dataset, followed by YOLO-v3, RetinaNet, Mobilenet-SSD and Faster RCNN. Meanwhile, we compared the detection time of the five object detection algorithms. Mobilenet-SSD achieves the highest detection speed among five algorithms (12.81ms per image in 500&times;500 pixels), with the speedup ratios of 17.5&times;, 10.2&times;, 4.51&times;, and 17.33&times; compared with Faster-RCNN, VGG-SSD, YOLO-v3 and RetinaNet. The results show that our proposed oil palm detection method is of great practical value to the precision agriculture of the oil palm industry.
Improvement of toughness of polypropylene resin by addition of cellulose nanofibers (2018)

This study examines the tensile properties of polypropylene (PP) composites containing cellulose nanofibers (CNF). Two types of CNF with different lengths were used to assess the effect of fiber length of CNF on tensile properties. CNF have a length of 10 μm or more and a diameter of 20 nm. We developed a dry powder CNF with a moisture content of 3wt% or less. Dry powder CNF can be highly dispersed in the thermoplastic polymer such as PP and PA12 resins by twin-screw extruder. Using twin-screw extruder operating at 130rpm and 200°C, CNF/PP composites were prepared by melt-kneading. The dry powder CNF in PP resin are easily dispersed by melt-kneading using twin-screw extruder. The tensile strength and failure strain of the 0.3wt%CNF/PP and 1wt%CNF/PP composites were increased as compared with neat PP resin. It is clear that addition of CNF improves the toughness of PP resin at low CNF content.
On the Estimation of the Direction of Information Flow (2010)

Introduction: The analysis of signals in the neurosciences raises several questions. One important issue is the detection of interactions between signals, as they promise to disclose the biological basis underlying the normal behavior or the abnormal functioning of certain networks. Here, it is of particular importance to reliably infer the direction of information flow. Some approaches to this aim have been suggested. We compare their abilities and limitations on simulated data as well as in an application to essential tremor.
Selective Inhibition of T Cell Activation Via CD147 Through Novel Modulation of Lipid Rafts (2003)

The plasma membrane is compartmentalized into microdomains and the association/dissociation of receptors and signaling molecules with/from these membrane domains is a major principle for regulation of signal transduction. By following the reorganization of microdomains on living cells and performing biochemical studies, we show that Ab targeting of the T cell activation-associated Ag CD147 prevents TCR stimulation-dependent reorganization and clustering of microdomains. Triggering CD147 induces a displacement of the GPI-anchored coreceptors CD48 and CD59 from microdomains in human T lymphocytes. This perturbation of microdomains is accompanied by a selective inhibition of TCR-mediated T cell proliferation. The CD147-inhibited cells secret normal levels of IL-2 but acquire reduced amounts of the IL-2 receptor alpha-chain CD25. These results indicate that negative regulating signals can modulate microdomains and suggest a general mechanism for inhibition of receptor signaling.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of eIF2alpha Phosphorylation-dependent translation in CA1 pyramidal cells impairs hippocampal memory consolidation without affecting general translation. (2010)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: eIF2alpha Phosphorylation-dependent translation in CA1 pyramidal cells impairs hippocampal memory consolidation without affecting general translation.
Improved free-running InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode detectors operating at room temperature (2009)

Room-temperature operation of InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode detectors operating in free-running mode, with no electrical gating, is demonstrated. An improved design of device structure permitted significantly lower dark count rates than previously reported. Free-running operation at room temperature using an incident wavelength of 1550 nm gave a noise equivalent power of 1.5×10−15 WHz−1/2 with improved photon timing jitter.
Synthesis of faceted β-SnWO4 microcrystals with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic properties (2012)

Highly crystalline β-SnWO(4) truncated rhombic dodecahedrons with sharp edges and smooth faces are prepared via a wet-chemical route. The compound exhibits a much higher photocatalytic activity than spherical β-SnWO(4) nanoparticles or conventionally prepared bulk β-SnWO(4) as well as faceted microcrystals of m-BiVO(4) and Ag(3)PO(4).
ph‐Dependent Synthesis of Pepsin‐Mediated Gold Nanoclusters with Blue Green and Red Fluorescent Emission (2011)

Abstract This report demonstrates the first pH‐dependent synthesis of pepsin‐mediated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) with blue‐, green‐, and red‐fluorescent emission from Au 5 (Au 8 ), Au 13 , and Au 25 , respectively. Pepsin is a gastric aspartic proteinase (molecular weight, 34 550 g/mol) that plays an integral role in the digestive process of vertebrates. It was found that the pH of the reaction solution was critical in determining the size of Au NCs (i.e., the number of gold atoms of AuNCs). Interestingly, enzyme function of pepsin contributes to the formation of these AuNCs. The photo‐stability of the Au 25 (or Au 13 ) NCs is much higher than that of Au 5 NCs (i.e., Au 25 ∼ Au 13 &gt; &gt; Au 5 ). The pepsin‐mediated Au 25 NCs were also found to be useful as fluorescent sensors for the detection of Pb 2+ ions by enhanced fluorescence and the detection of Hg 2+ ions by fluorescence quenching. Although the detailed formation mechanisms of these AuNCs require further analysis, the synthetic route using proteinase demonstrated here is promising for preparing new types of fluorescent metal nanoclusters for application in catalysis, optics, biological labeling, and sensing.
Role of endogenous endothelin in the regulation of basal coronary tone in the rat (1998)

1. Coronary vascular tone is a vital factor that regulates the delivery of oxygen to cardiac muscle. We tested the hypothesis that basal coronary tone may depend on the release of an endogenous vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin (ET). 2. Using an isolated, Krebs solution-perfused rat heart we measured the changes in coronary flow following the administration over a 30 min period of the ET antagonists Ro61-0612 (mixed ETA/ETB), PD155080 (ETA) and BQ788 (ETB). 3. In a second series of experiments, hearts were randomly assigned to perfusion with plain Krebs solution, or with Krebs solution to which L-NAME and/or indomethacin had been added. The effect on coronary flow following the addition of Ro61-0612 was then measured. 4. Perfusion with Ro61-0612 (10-4 M) alone increased coronary flow by 57.8 % vs. control (P = 0.00001). PD155080 (10-4 M) increased coronary flow by 28.9 % (P = 0.009), whereas BQ788 had no effect on coronary flow. 5. In the second series of experiments, Ro61-0612 increased coronary flow by 6.6 +/- 0.8 ml min-1 in hearts perfused with plain Krebs solution, by 3.8 +/- 0.8 ml min-1 in hearts to which both L-NAME and indomethacin had been added, by 3.3 +/- 0.7 ml min-1 in hearts to which L-NAME had been added, and by 6. 9 +/- 0.5 ml min-1 in hearts to which indomethacin had been added to the Krebs buffer. 6. In hearts perfused with Krebs solution alone, nitric oxide (NO) release into the coronary sinus increased from 219. 8 to 544.9 pmol min-1 g-1 following the addition of Ro61-0612 (P = 0. 06). There was no detectable release of NO from hearts perfused with L-NAME alone or in combination with indomethacin either before or after the addition of Ro61-0612. 7. We conclude that endogenous ET plays a role in coronary tone mediated via ETA receptors. This vasodilatation is partially due to an increase in endogenous NO release. However, a significant vasodilatation is still seen following the inhibition of NO synthesis. We propose that basal coronary tone depends on a balance between the endogenous release of vasodilators such as NO and vasoconstrictors such as ET.
Bile sensing with optical fibers (1999)

Bile determination is very useful to diagnose many gastric pathologies. Actually, the measurement is performed with Bilitec 2000, an optical fiber sensor, based on the absorption of bilirubin. Nevertheless, erroneous evaluations can occur due to different configurations which the bilirubin molecule can adopt. The optical behavior of human samples of pure bile and bile + gastric juice has been examined by an optical fiber spectrophotometer and two properly modified Bilitec 2000 units. Analysis of pH dependance evidenced the presence of different calibration curves at different pH values, which Bilitec units showed that 420 nm could be a more appropriate wavelength for bilirubin detection.
Complex Liquid‐Crystalline Superstructure of a π‐Conjugated Oligothiophene (2007)

Vorbildlich verknüpft: Das gezeigte polyphile Oligothiophenderivat bildet eine komplexe Flüssigkristallphase, in der sich die π-konjugierten stabförmigen Moleküle zu wabenförmigen Netzen quadratischer Zylinder anordnen (siehe Bild). Diese Struktur könnte ein Vorbild sein für Überstrukturen und Muster in Flüssigkristall-Funktionseinheiten, die durch die Selbstorganisation π-konjugierter organischer Verbindungen entstehen. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z701585_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
~nviron~~n~ for Visualization and Sonification of Br tivr (1999)

rogress and availability of multimedia and virtual reality (VR) technology make possible a new treiid of perceptual data presentation. As computer performance increases, the major bottleneck could be the human-computer interface. The bandwidth of this interface will be bound by characteristics of human perception, and hence the quest for a new presentation paradigm has commenced in different scientific fields. Techniques developed in VR facilitate multiple data-stream presentation and navigation through huge data sets. New iminersive environments are particularly appropriate to improve insight into complex biomedical phenomena, which are naturally multidimensional. As an extension to visualization, which gives predominantly spatial distribution, acoustic rendering may improve temporal cues. The technique of data presentation using variable sound features is called sonification [ 1-41. In this article, we present early efforts toward
Serendipitous Discovery of α-Hydroxyalkyl Esters as β-Lactamase Substrates (2010)

O-(1-Carboxy-1-alkyloxycarbonyl) hydroxamates were found to spontaneously decarboxylate in aqueous neutral buffer to form O-(2-hydroxyalkylcarbonyl) hydroxamates. While the former molecules do not react rapidly with serine β-lactamases, the latter are quite good substrates of representative class A and C, but not D, enzymes, and particularly of a class C enzyme. The enzymes catalyze hydrolysis of these compounds to a mixture of the α-hydroxy acid and hydroxamate. Analogous compounds containing aryloxy leaving groups rather that hydroxamates are also substrates. Structure-activity experiments showed that the α-hydroxyl group was required for any substantial substrate activity. Although both d- and l-α-hydroxy acid derivatives were substrates, the former were preferred. The response of the class C activity to pH and to alternative nucleophiles (methanol and d-phenylalanine) suggested that the same active site functional groups participated in catalysis as for classical substrates. Molecular modeling was employed to explore how the α-hydroxy group might interact with the class C β-lactamase active site. Incorporation of the α-hydroxyalkyl moiety into novel inhibitors will be of considerable interest.