gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in Infancy Is an Important Risk Factor for Asthma and Allergy at Age 7 (2000)

We previously reported an increased risk for bronchial obstructive disease and allergic sensitization up to age 3 in 47 children hospitalized with a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infancy compared with 93 matched control subjects recruited during infancy. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the occurrences of bronchial obstructive disease and allergic sensitization in these children at age 7(1)/ (2). All 140 children reported for the follow-up, which included physical examination, skin prick tests, and serum IgE tests for common food and inhaled allergens. The cumulative prevalence of asthma was 30% in the RSV group and 3% in the control group (p < 0.001), and the cumulative prevalence of "any wheezing" was 68% and 34%, respectively (p < 0.001). Asthma during the year prior to follow-up was seen in 23% of the RSV children and 2% in the control subjects (p < 0.001). Allergic sensitization was found in 41% of the RSV children and 22% of the control subjects (p = 0.039). Multivariate evaluation of possible risk factors for asthma and sensitization using a stepwise logistic statistical procedure for all 140 children showed that RSV bronchiolitis had the highest independent risk ratio for asthma (OR: 12.7, 95% CI 3.4 to 47.1) and a significantly elevated independent risk ratio for allergic sensitization (OR: 2.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.5). In conclusion, RSV bronchiolitis in infancy severe enough to cause hospitalization was highly associatied with the development of asthma and allergic sensitization up to age 7(1)/ (2). The results support the theory that the RSV influences the mechanisms involved in the development of asthma and allergy in children.
Squealer-Killer with Real-Time Equalization (1984)

L'egaliseur automatique fonctionne a la fois comme l'egaliseur traditionnel et comme un suppresseur (boucle reaction) d'oscillations
Expanding Plastics Recycling Technologies: Chemical Aspects, Technology Status and Challenges (2022)

Less than 10% of the plastics generated globally are recycled, while the rest are incinerated, accumulated in landfills, or leach into the environment. New technologies are emerging to chemically recycle waste plastics that are receiving tremendous interest from academia and industry. Chemists and chemical engineers need to understand the fundamentals of these technologies to design improved systems for chemical recycling and upcycling of waste plastics. In this paper, we review the entire life cycle of plastics and options for the management of plastic waste to address barriers to industrial chemical recycling and further provide perceptions on possible opportunities with such materials. Knowledge and insights to enhance plastic recycling beyond its current scale are provided. Outstanding research problems and where researchers in the field should focus their efforts in the future are also discussed.
Long-Term Evaluation of Retinal Morphology and Function in Rosa26-Cas9 Knock-In Mice (2023)

The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a robust, efficient, and cost-effective gene editing tool widely adopted in translational studies of ocular diseases. However, in vivo CRISPR-based editing in animal models poses challenges such as the efficient delivery of the CRISPR components in viral vectors with limited packaging capacity and a Cas9-associated immune response. Using a germline Cas9-expressing mouse model would help to overcome these limitations. Here, we evaluated the long-term effects of SpCas9 expression on retinal morphology and function using Rosa26-Cas9 knock-in mice. We observed abundant SpCas9 expression in the RPE and retina of Rosa26-Cas9 mice using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunostaining. SD-OCT imaging and histological analysis of the RPE, retinal layers, and vasculature showed no apparent structural abnormalities in adult and aged Cas9 mice. Full-field electroretinogram of adult and aged Cas9 mice showed no long-term functional changes in the retinal tissues because of constitutive Cas9 expression. The current study showed that both the retina and RPE maintain their phenotypic and functional features in Cas9 knock-in mice, establishing this as an ideal animal model for developing therapeutics for retinal diseases.
Safety and Efficacy of Fibrin Glue versus Vicryl Sutures in Recurrent Pterygium with Amniotic Membrane Grafting (2011)

The study revealed that the use of fibrin glue in pterygium surgery with amniotic membrane grafting was safer, less toxic and less time-consuming, and resulted in fewer complications than graft surgery with sutures.
Polypropylene/Silicate Composites on the Basis of Crazed Polymer and Hyperbranched Polyethoxysiloxane (2007)

Hyperbranched polyethoxysiloxane (HPEOS) is suggested as an adsorption-active medium in the crazing of commercial polypropylene film and as a precursor of silica. As a result of delocalized crazing of polypropylene, the nanoporous materials characterized by the effective volume porosity to 60 vol % are received. The reaction of HPEOS hydrolysis into pores of a polymer at the presence of acidic and basic catalysts is studied. Obtained silica phase is shown to stabilize the nanoporous structure of crazed polypropylene. The morphology of polymer/silicate composite is fully determined by the structure of crazed polymer matrices, and it is a system of organic/inorganic interpenetrative nets. Because of this structure, the tensile modulus of the composite material exceeds the modulus of the initial polymer by 50−100%.
Structure Activity Relationship for CGRP (1999)

The study o f structure-activ ity relation ships (SARs) has traditionally played an im p o r ta n t ro le in u n d e rs ta n d in g how a ligand interacts w ith its receptor. In fo rm a­ tion derived from such studies has aided d ru g d eve lopm en t an d given im p o r ta n t in sig h ts in to th e a rc h ite c tu re o f ligand b ind ing sites on receptors. In this chapter data on the SAR for calcitonin gene-related pep tide (CGRP) will be reviewed.
Deletion of the adenosine A1 receptor gene does not alter neuronal damage following ischaemia in vivo or in vitro (2004)

Extracellular adenosine is dramatically increased during cerebral ischaemia and is considered to be neuroprotective due to its inhibitory effect on synaptic transmission mediated by the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R). We investigated the importance of the A1R in a mouse model of global ischaemia and in a murine hippocampal slice culture model of in vitro ischaemia, using mice with the A1R gene deleted. In brains from mice lacking the A1R, damage induced by global ischaemia was similar to that in wild-type animals. In contrast, treatment with a selective A1R antagonist [8-cyclo-pentyl theophylline (8-CPT)], administered before the ischaemic insult in naive wild-type mice, exacerbated the neuronal damage following global ischaemia. Although the inhibitory action of adenosine on excitatory neurotransmission in hippocampal slices was lost in A1R knockout mice, there was no difference in damage between slices from wild-type and knockout mice after in vitro ischaemia. The results suggest that some effects of the A1R are compensated for in knockout animals.
Quantitative Analysis of the Speed of Snakes as A Function of Peg Spacing (1974)

ABSTRACT The speed of snakes moving by lateral undulation was measured on a smooth board studded with equally spaced pegs arranged in a hexagonal pattern. For some snakes speed was drastically reduced (by as much as 50%) as the ratio of body length to peg spacing was reduced from values as high as twelve to values near or below three. Speed is also influenced by the relative orientation of the pegs contacted by the moving snake. Snakes which can sidewind use this ability to maintain a constant speed when the number of contact points available is insufficient for continuous lateral undulation."
Integration of G-quadruplex and DNA-templated Ag NCs for nonarithmetic information processing (2017)

To create sophisticated molecular logic circuits from scratch, you may not believe how common the building blocks can be and how diverse and powerful such circuits can be when scaled up. Using the two simple building blocks of G-quadruplex and silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs), we experimentally construct a series of multifunctional, label-free, and multi-output logic circuits to perform nonarithmetic functions: a 1-to-2 decoder, a 4-to-2 encoder, an 8-to-3 encoder, dual transfer gates, a 2 : 1 multiplexer, and a 1 : 2 demultiplexer. Moreover, a parity checker which is capable of identifying odd and even numbers from natural numbers is constructed conceptually. Finally, a multi-valued logic gate (ternary inhibit gate) is readily achieved by taking this DNA/Ag NC system as a universal platform. All of the above logic circuits share the same building blocks, indicating the great prospects of the assembly of nanomaterials and DNA for biochemical logic devices. Considering its biocompatibility, the novel prototypes developed here may have potential applications in the fields of biological computers and medical diagnosis and serve as a promising proof of principle in the not-too-distant future.
SINGLE MOLECULE AMPLIFICATION IN A CONTINUOUS FLOW LABCHIP DEVICE (2003)

We have developed an integrated system to perform automated, high-throughput, continuous flow PCR in a microfluidic sipper chip. The system is unique in several respects. One, the system integrates reaction assembly, thermal cycling and fluorescence detection on one chip. This allows different samples to be tested one after another in an automated way, all at nanoliter scale. Two, the chip we have created uses our sip-and- split design and has eight channels in which eight different loci can be amplified at one time for each sample. In addition, we have recently configured the system to continuously amplify and detect single molecules of DNA New biological and diagnostic markers are rapidly emerging from genomic studies that can provide meaningful insights into a patient's health. In many cases, these involve the analysis of nucleic acids. For complex genomes, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is often used to prepare the sample for sequence-specific or allele-specific interrogation ( 11. The advantages of lab-on-a-chip devices, i.e. miniaturization, integration and automation, would be useful additions to the diagnostician's arsenal as they produce better data quality, reduced cost, and improved ease-of-use features by comparison to conventional technology. An emerging need in nucleic acids diagnostics is detecting rare mutant molecules from conveniently obtained patient specimens that reflect the presence of neoplastic tissue (2). Recently, Vogelstein and Kinzler described an approach called Digital PCR whereby individual molecules are genotyped, allowing rare molecules to be detected in the presence of a high concentration of molecules bearing the wild type sequence (3). Here we present an automated, microfluidic system capable of analyzing single molecules by PCR amplification and TaqMan genotyping. The integrated features of this system make it a candidate format for high throughput, diagnostic laboratory settings.
Bedeutung des EU Kreislaufwirtschaftspakets für das Metallrecycling (2017)

Abstract Aus der Perspektive des Metallrecyclings werden die Herausforderungen des nachhaltigen Stoffstrom‐Managements im Kontext des aktuellen Kreislaufwirtschaftspakets der EU analysiert. Die Untersuchung der Recyclingtreiber zeigt die Schlüsselrolle der gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen für die Kreislaufschließung von Edel‐ und Sondermetallen in Konsumprodukten. Besondere Herausforderungen für ein effizientes und umweltgerechtes Recycling werden am Beispiel von Elektronikschrott herausgearbeitet. Hier ist die Etablierung von verpflichtenden Verfahrensstandards und Zertifizierungssystemen wichtig, um hohe Metallausbeuten im fairen Wettbewerb zu erzielen.
Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor-α with Adalimumab: Effects on Endothelial Activation and Monocyte Adhesion (2016)

Our results show that adalimumab prevents major inflammatory effects of TNF-α on endothelial activation, endothelial monocyte adhesion, endothelial leakage and therefore extends the therapeutic options of adalimumab to limit vascular inflammation.
Formation of Grignard reagents from 3-bromo-NN-dimethylbenzylamine and 4-bromo-NN-diethylbenzylamine and their reactions with benzaldehyde (1966)

3-Bromo-NN-dimethylbenzylamine and 4-bromo-NN-diethylbenzylamine failed to react with magnesium in ether in accordance with reports in the literature for similar compounds, but the Grignard reagents were easily obtained using tetrahydrofuran as the solvent. Reaction with benzaldehyde produced the expected alcohols; and, unexpectedly, the corresponding ketones were also obtained. By appropriate modification of the experimental procedure, either alcohol or ketone could be obtained exclusively.
DESIGN, MANUFACTURE, AND TESTING OF A SEAMLESS MORPHING CONCEPT FOR A SMART AIRCRAFT WINGTIP (2015)

This study is focused on the mechanical properties of an adaptive elastomericpart, developed for potential application in smart wings. Elastomer precursor was used tomanufacture a bonded, deformable part, which is used to close the variable gap between amoving part and a non-moving part of a wing section. The basic functionality of the part is totake up the geometric gap change and to turn it into strain. In this way, a smooth transitionbetween the connected surfaces can be obtained. An elastomeric material, which wasoptimized for the specific application, was investigated. The tests involve static loads, fatigueloads, and physical aging in the temperature range from –55°C to +80°C. A constitutivematerial model was developed and subsequently used in order to predict the properties of theadaptive part. Finally, a prototype of the part was manufactured and tested.
Amyloid-β and Astrocytes Interplay in Amyloid-β Related Disorders (2016)

Amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology is known to promote chronic inflammatory responses in the brain. It was thought previously that Aβ is only associated with Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. However, studies have shown its involvement in many other neurological disorders. The role of astrocytes in handling the excess levels of Aβ has been highlighted in the literature. Astrocytes have a distinctive function in both neuronal support and protection, thus its involvement in Aβ pathological process may tip the balance toward chronic inflammation and neuronal death. In this review we describe the involvement of astrocytes in Aβ related disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and frontotemporal dementia.
Connecting topics in document collections with stepping stones and pathways (2005)

In this paper, we present Stepping Stones and Pathways (SSP), an alternative model of building and presenting answers for the cases when queries on document collections cannot be answered just by a ranked list. Stepping Stones can handle questions like: What is the relation of topics X and Y? SSP addresses when the contents of a small set of related documents is needed as an answer rather than a single document, or when query splitting is required to satisfactorily explore a document space. Query results are networks of document groups representing topics, each group relating to and connecting (by documents) to other groups in the network. Thus, a network answers the user's information need. We devise new and more effective representations and techniques to visualize such answers, and to involve users as part of the answer-finding process. In order to verify the validity of our approach, and since the questions we aim to answer involve multiple topics, we performed a study involving a custom built broad collection of operating systems research papers, and evaluated the results with interested computer science students, using multiple measures.
FB-ZCS DC-DC Converter with Adaptive Resonant Energy Using Phase-Shift Frequency Modulation (2018)

This paper presents a full-bridge zero-current-switching (FB-ZCS) dc-dc converter with adaptive resonant commutation energy realized through phase-shift frequency modulation. Existing family of FB-ZCS converters use transformer leakage inductance and shunt-connected resonant capacitor for achieving smooth current commutation and soft-switching. Shunt-connected resonant capacitor unnecessarily stores full-load-rated commutation energy at all load conditions and its charging duration in every switching cycle results in significant duty-cycle loss. Moreover, shunt-connected capacitor suffers from energy leakage through transformer winding which requires overrating of capacitor energy, further aggravating aforementioned issues and restricting the operation range of converter. To address these limitations, FB-ZCS converter with series-connected resonant capacitor is proposed in this paper which minimizes duty-cycle loss and capacitor energy leakage. Current-dependent adaptive control of resonant energy is also achieved through series connection. However, smooth commutation and soft-switching capability are lost at light loads due to insufficient voltage across resonant capacitor. To address this, frequency modulation combined with conventional phase-shift modulation control is utilized. Operation of proposed converter is presented and validated with simulation and experimental results.
"White and " black" spin-wave envelope solitons in tangentially magnetized yittrium- iron garnet films (1993)

Summary form only given, as follows. The aim of this paper is to estimate theoretically the parameters of spin wave (SW) envelope solitons - stable nonlinear magnetic excitations at microwave frequencies - that can propagate in tangentially magnetized yttrium-iron garnet (YIG) films.
Emerging treatment options for meibomian gland dysfunction (2013)

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is one of the most common diseases observed in clinics; it influences a great number of people, and is the leading cause of evaporative dry eye. Given the increased recognition of the importance of MGD, a great amount of attention has been paid to therapies targeting this condition. The traditional treatments of MGD consist of warm compresses and lid hygiene for removing an obstructed meibum, as well as antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents to improve the quality of the meibum. However, each of these treatments has a different shortcoming and the treatment of MGD remains challenging. Despite the numerous possible treatment options for MGD, it is still difficult to obtain complete relief of signs and symptoms. This review focuses on current emerging treatment options for MGD including intraductal meibomian gland probing, emulsion eye drops containing lipids, the LipiFlow® thermal pulsation system, N-acetyl-cysteine, azithromycin, oral supplementation with omega-3 essential fatty acids, and cyclosporine A.
Novel methodology for postexposure bake calibration and optimization based on electrical linewidth measurement and process metamodeling (1998)

By combining electrical linewidth measurements and neural-network (NN) process metamodeling, lithography simulators can be calibrated in an efficient way. In this work we present a novel methodology for characterizing postexposure bake using a very large experimental data set, so that the calibrated model can be used as a truly predictive tool. The adoption of a special test reticle mask allowed us to collect more than 700 000 critical dimensions CDs from 24 silicon wafers for a matrix of postexposure bake (PEB) time, and temperature conditions. The lithographic patterns included isolated, semidense and dense lines for structures of 0.25, 0.20, 0.175, and 0.15 μm nominal size replicated across the exposure field and across the wafer. As a result of this particular metrology, each measured CD was associated with both topological (position on the wafer and position within the field) and process information (exposure dose, PEB time, and temperature). Database management techniques were implemented in order to extract and analyze such a massive data set. Process metamodeling (PMM) was used for the calibration of a PEB model describing the joint effect of photoacid diffusion and photoacid loss, coupled with a deprotection reaction. PMM creates a NN model of the PEB original model (a “model of a model”) so that the diffusion coefficient, the acid loss, and the deprotection rates can be estimated by inversion of the NN mapping. The comparisons between experimental and simulated data show excellent agreement that is maintained across the entire process space.
Physiologic Factors Influencing the Arterial-To-End-Tidal CO2 Difference and the Alveolar Dead Space Fraction in Spontaneously Breathing Anesthetised Horses (2018)

The arterial to end-tidal CO<sub>2</sub> difference (P<sub>(a-ET)</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>) and alveolar dead space fraction (VDalv<sub>frac</sub> = P<sub>(a-ET)</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>/PaCO<sub>2</sub>), are used to estimate Enghoff's "pulmonary dead space" (V/Q<sub>Eng</sub>), a factor which is also influenced by venous admixture and other pulmonary perfusion abnormalities and thus is not just a measure of dead space as the name suggests. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate which factors influence these CO<sub>2</sub> indices in anesthetized spontaneously breathing horses. Six healthy adult horses were anesthetized in dorsal recumbency breathing spontaneously for 3 h. Data to calculate the CO<sub>2</sub> indices (response variables) and dead space variables were measured every 30 min. Bohr's physiological and alveolar dead space variables, cardiac output (CO), mean pulmonary pressure (MPP), venous admixture [Formula: see text], airway dead space, tidal volume, oxygen consumption, and slope III of the volumetric capnogram were evaluated (explanatory variables). Univariate Pearson correlation was first explored for both CO<sub>2</sub> indices before V/Q<sub>Eng</sub> and the explanatory variables with rho were reported. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on P<sub>(a-ET)</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> and VDalv<sub>frac</sub> assessing which explanatory variables best explained the variance in each response. The simplest, best-fit model was selected based on the maximum adjusted <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> and smallest Mallow's p (C<sub>p</sub>). The <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of the selected model, representing how much of the variance in the response could be explained by the selected variables, was reported. The highest correlation was found with the alveolar part of V/Q<sub>Eng</sub> to alveolar tidal volume ratio for both, P<sub>(a-ET)</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> (<i>r</i> = 0.899) and VDalv<sub>frac</sub> (<i>r</i> = 0.938). Venous admixture and CO best explained P<sub>(a-ET)</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.752; C<sub>p</sub> = 4.372) and VDalv<sub>frac</sub> (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.711; C<sub>p</sub> = 9.915). Adding MPP (P<sub>(a-ET)</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>) and airway dead space (VDalv<sub>frac</sub>) to the models improved them only marginally. No "real" dead space variables from Bohr's equation contributed to the explanation of the variance of the two CO<sub>2</sub> indices. P<sub>(a-ET)</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> and VDalv<sub>frac</sub> were closely associated with the alveolar part of V/Q<sub>Eng</sub> and as such, were also influenced by variables representing a dysfunctional pulmonary perfusion. Neither P<sub>(a-ET)</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> nor VDalv<sub>frac</sub> should be considered pulmonary dead space, but used as global indices of V/Q mismatching under the described conditions.