gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent experience with a hybrid SCADA/PMU on-line state estimator (2009)

PMU devices are expected to grow in number from a few to several hundreds in the next five years. Some relays are already global positioning system-capable and could provide the same type of data as any PMU. This introduces a new paradigm of very fast accurate synchrophasor measurements from across the grid in real-time that augment and parallel existing slower SCADA measurements. Control center applications will benefit from this PMU data; for example, use of PMU data in state estimation is expected to improve accuracy and robustness, which in turn will result in more timely and accurate N-1 security analysis, resulting in an overall improvement of grid system reliability and security. This paper describes results from a recent implementation of this technology, the benefits and future work.
POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS, DIBENZOFURANS, AND BIPHENYLS IN FREGATA MAGNIFICENS FROM ILHA GRANDE BAY, RIO DE JANEIRO STATE, SOUTH-EASTERN BRAZIL (2015)

The purpose of this paper is to perform analyses in a fish-eating seabird species which is recognized to be at risk of accumulating toxic contaminants due to its high position in the trophic web and to its low ability to metabolize xenobiotic compounds. Fregata magnificens were collected at Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (23°8'26"S, 44°14'50"W) between February, 2009 and April, 2013. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were analyzed in tissue composites, being subsequently identified and quantified using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The concentrations were below the range of concern established by World Health Organization. The sum of PCB-congeners analyzed had the concentration of 968 pg/g lipid weight, and 13.9 pg TEQ/g lipid weight. The PCDD/F-congeners analyzed had the concentration of 331.04 pg/g lipid weight, and 13.4 pg TEQ/g lipid weight. This type of study aims to integrate information from analyses of seabirds with halogenated hydrocarbons and could also make contribution to the scientific support for political decisions on coastal zone management.
Fluid Power Circuits and Controls (2019)

Fluid Power Circuits and Controls: Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition, is designed for a first course in fluid power for undergraduate engineering students. After an introduction to the design and function of components, students apply what they’ve learned and consider how the component operating characteristics interact with the rest of the circuit. The Second Edition offers many new worked examples and additional exercises and problems in each chapter. Half of these new problems involve the basic analysis of specific elements, and the rest are design-oriented, emphasizing the analysis of system performance. The envisioned course does not require a controls course as a prerequisite; however, it does lay a foundation for understanding the extraordinary productivity and accuracy that can be achieved when control engineers and fluid power engineers work as a team on a fluid power design problem. A complete solutions manual is available for qualified adopting instructors.
Identification of Mild Alzheimer's Disease through automated classification of structural MRI features (2012)

The significant potential for early and accurate detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through neuroimaging data is becoming increasingly attractive in view of the possible advent of drugs which are able to modify or delay disease progression. In this paper, we aimed at developing an effective machine learning scheme which leverages structural magnetic resonance imaging features in order to identify and discriminate individuals affected by mild AD on a single subject basis. Selected features included one- and two-way combinations of subcortical and cortical volumes as well as cortical thickness and curvature of numerous brain regions which are known to be vulnerable to AD. Additionally, several feature combinations were fed into support vector machines (SVMs) as well as Naïve Bayes classifiers in order to compare scheme accuracy. The most efficient combination of features and classification scheme, which employed both subcortical and cortical volumes feature vectors and a SVM classifier, was able to distinguish mild AD patients from healthy controls with 86% accuracy (82% sensitivity and 90% specificity). While this investigation is of preliminary nature, and further efforts are currently underway towards automated feature selection, best classifier determination and parameter optimization, our results appear very promising in terms of automated high-accuracy discrimination of disease stages which cannot easily be distinguished though routine clinical investigation.
I Wish I Could Believe You: The Frustrating Unreliability of Some Assessment Research. (2016)

Many practitioner researchers strive to understand which assessment practices have the best impact on learning, but in authentic educational settings, it can be difficult to determine whether one intervention, for example the introduction of an online quiz to a course studied by diverse students, is responsible for the observed effect. This paper uses examples to highlight some of the difficulties inherent in assessment research and suggests some ways to overcome them. Problems observed in the literature include: assuming that if two effects are correlated then one must have caused the other; confounding variables obscuring the true relationships; experimental approaches that are too far removed from reality; and the danger that self-reported behaviour and opinion is sometimes different from student’s actual behaviour. Practical solutions include: the use of an experimental or pseudo-experimental approach; the use of mixed methods; and the use of meta-analysis.
Garbage collection and task deletion in distributed applicative processing systems (1982)

The problem of automatic storage reclamation for distributed implementations of applicative languages is explored. Highly parallel distributed systems have several unique characteristics that complicate the reclamation process; in this setting, the deficiencies of existing storage reclamation schemes are thus noted. A real-time, effectively distributed, garbage collector of the mark-sweep variety, called the marking-tree collector, is shown to accomplish reclamation in parallel with the main computation, with no centralized data or control other than a logical rendezvous between phases of the collector. In addition, it is capable of finding and subsequently deleting active processes which are determined to be no longer relevant to the computation.
Gene-based microsatellites for cassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz): prevalence, polymorphisms, and cross-taxa utility (2009)

Abstract Background Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz), a starchy root crop grown in tropical and subtropical climates, is the sixth most important crop in the world after wheat, rice, maize, potato and barley. The repertoire of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for cassava is limited and warrants a need for a larger number of polymorphic SSRs for germplasm characterization and breeding applications. Results A total of 846 putative microsatellites were identified in silico from an 8,577 cassava unigene set with an average density of one SSR every 7 kb. One hundred and ninety-two candidate SSRs were screened for polymorphism among a panel of cassava cultivars from Africa, Latin America and Asia, four wild Manihot species as well as two other important taxa in the Euphorbiaceae, leafy spurge ( Euphorbia esula ) and castor bean ( Ricinus communis ). Of 168 markers with clean amplification products, 124 (73.8%) displayed polymorphism based on high resolution agarose gels. Of 85 EST-SSR markers screened, 80 (94.1%) amplified alleles from one or more wild species ( M epruinosa, M glaziovii , M brachyandra , M tripartita ) whereas 13 (15.3%) amplified alleles from castor bean and 9 (10.6%) amplified alleles from leafy spurge; hence nearly all markers were transferable to wild relatives of M esculenta while only a fraction was transferable to the more distantly related taxa. In a subset of 20 EST-SSRs assessed by fluorescence-based genotyping the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 10 with an average of 4.55 per locus. These markers had a polymorphism information content (PIC) from 0.19 to 0.75 with an average value of 0.55 and showed genetic relationships consistent with existing information on these genotypes. Conclusion A set of 124 new, unique polymorphic EST-SSRs was developed and characterized which extends the repertoire of SSR markers for cultivated cassava and its wild relatives. The markers show high PIC values and therefore will be useful for cultivar identification, taxonomic studies, and genetic mapping. The study further shows that mining ESTs is a highly efficient strategy for polymorphism detection within the cultivated cassava gene pool.
Microwave hyperthermia treatment increases heat shock proteins in human skeletal muscle (2007)

Application of MHT can increase the levels of several HSPs in human skeletal muscle.
Rapidly evolving adeno-associated virus vectors: increasing possibility of gene therapy with custom-made vectors (2009)

アデノ随伴ウイルス（AAV）は，その誕生から現代に至るまで，自然選択（natural selection）により非常にゆっくりと進化を遂げてきた．ところが，2002年に100種を超える血清型やバリアントが霊長類組織から単離されて以来，人為的操作により急速な進化を遂げつつある．ウイルスの構造が単純で外殻蛋白の遺伝的操作が容易であることから，合理的設計法（rational design）と定向進化法（directed evolution）を用いることにより，使用目的に最も適したカスタムメイドAAVベクターが容易に作成，使用できるようになってきている．
Time to Initiate Antiretroviral Therapy Between 4 Weeks and 12 Weeks of Tuberculosis Treatment in HIV-Infected Patients (2012)

In middle-income countries where ART is initiated at CD4 count of <350 cells per cubic millimeter, immediate initiation of ART in HIV-infected patients with active TB was not associated with survival advantage when compared to initiation of ART at 12 weeks.
Figure S1 page2 from Combination Therapies with CDK4/6 Inhibitors to Treat <i>KRAS-</i>Mutant Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

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Indirect phase control of sub-20-fs deep UV pulses (2005)

We demonstrate that the shaped spectral phase in a sub-20-fs pulse of Ti:sapphire laser is transferred to that in a deep UV pulse at 256 nm with spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction (SPIDER) measurement.
Privacy issues in personalized medicine (2003)

Pharmacogenomics is the emerging study of why individuals respond differently to drugs. It aims to replace the current 'one size fits all' therapeutic approach with 'personalized medicine' that will use pharmacogenomic tests to predict drug response. In a simple conceptualization, these tests challenge privacy as a result of two factors: how comprehensive is the test and how is the access to samples or digital information controlled. Point-of-care tests are likely to be limited in scope, fit seamlessly into medical records and do not raise qualitatively new ethical and privacy challenges. In order to define practically relevant pharmacogenomic predictive patterns however, large-scale clinical trials and research on human specimens will be required, resulting in large databases of genomic information. The genomic scans' magnitude, stability, implications to kin and ease of dissemination together represent a qualitatively different challenge compared to traditional, self-limited and often temporally transient medical information.
New results from the multi-object Keck Exoplanet Tracker (2007)

Resumen en: The W. M. Keck Exoplanet Tracker is a pre- cision Doppler radial velocity instrument for extrasolar planet detection based on a new technique, dispers...
Protective Effect of Endotoxin Instillation on Subsequent Bacteria-induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats (1998)

The phagocytic capability afforded by neutrophil influx into the lungs is essential to ward off invading bacteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prior neutrophil recruitment induced by alveolar instillation of endotoxin (LPS, 200 micrograms/kg) 16 h before a pulmonary infection caused by instillation of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa ([PYO]: 1.5 x 10(8) colony-forming units [cfu]/kg) in rats. A first series of experiments showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation induced recruitment of alveolar neutrophils that were capable, ex vivo, of elastase exocytosis, reactive oxygen species secretion, and PYO killing. In a second set of experiments, LPS followed by PYO was compared with PYO alone (n = 11 surviving rats in each group). Parameters were studied 24 h after the bacterial challenge. As compared with PYO alone, pretreatment with LPS followed by PYO was associated with decreased mortality (0% versus 54%, p < 0.05), decreased protein leakage into bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (1.8 +/- 0.4 versus 13.5 +/- 2.2 mg/ml, p < 0.001), and improved bacterial clearance from BAL (4.0 +/- 1.4 x 10(2) versus 1.2 +/- 0.5 x 10(4) cfu/ml, p < 0.05) and from pulmonary parenchyma (8.5 +/- 6.4 x 10(5) versus 1.9 +/- 0.8 x 10(7) cfu/ml, p < 0.05). We conclude that prior alveolar endotoxin instillation induces local recruitment of functionally active neutrophils, and that this is associated with resistance to subsequent experimental pneumonia.
A BiCMOS monolithic Ka-band down-converter for satellite communication systems (2015)

A high performance Ka-band down-converter front-end for satellite communications in 0.18-μm BiCMOS is demonstrated. By using the dual-transformer-feedback design, the low-noise amplifier (LNA) can achieve low noise figure (NF) and wide matching bandwidth simultaneously. Also, the G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</sub> -boosted mixer together with the IF amplifier with adaptive bias and 3D inductor provides high gain and high linearity to relax the overall system requirements. The measured NF is lower than 6.25 dB with an average conversion gain of 47.5 dB covering the entire RF band from 18.2 to 21.4 GHz. A high linearity (OP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> > 4.2 dBm) with an excellent gain flatness (±1.5dB) are achieved under a power consumption of only 80 mW. Compared with previously reported works, the presented design has the highest gain and linearity, lower NF, and a smallest chip size (core area: 0.24 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ).
Ultralow-Loss Compact Silicon Microring Resonators (2007)

We demonstrate as low as 3.88 plusmn 0.57 dB/cm propagation loss at telecom wavelengths in compact silicon microring resonators with small bending radii of 5 mum and a waveguide core cross-section of 500 nm times 250 nm.
A Comparison of Two Distributed Systems: Amoeba and Sprite (1991)

This paper compares two distributed operating systems, Amoeba and Sprite. Although the systems share many goals, they diverged on two philosophical grounds: whether to emphasize a distributed computing model or traditional UNIX-style applications, and whether to use a workstation-centered model of computation or a combination of terminals and a shared processor pool. Many of the most prominent features of the systems (both positive and negative) follow from the philosophical differences. For example, Amoeba provides a high-performance user-level IPC mechanism, while Sprite&amp;apos;s RPC mechanism is only available for kernel use; Sprite&amp;apos;s file access performance benefits from client-level caching, while Amoeba caches files only on servers; and Sprite uses a process migration model to share compute power, while Amoeba uses a centralized server to allocate processors and distribute load automatically.
Vertical microcavity surface-emitting ring laser (1992)

We report the performance of a novel surface-emitting laser of ring structure (RSEL). The far-field emission pattern of the RSEL remains a near-diffraction limited single lobe at 3 times the threshold current level. The structure may also be used to achieve beam width much less than that of the diffraction limit of Gaussian near-field distribution.
An Efficient Conversion of Chiral α-Amino Acids to Enantiomerically Pure 3-Amino Cyclic Amines (1998)

Abstract Enantiomerically pure 3-amino cyclic amines such as 3-amino pyrrolidine, 3-amino piperidine, and 2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-azepine have been synthesized in high yields from the optically active natural α-amino acids such as L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-2-aminoadipic acid, and their enantiomers.
Application of antibodies in the flow cytometric analysis of benign and malignant cells. (1990)

The application of (monoclonal) antibodies in the dualparameter flow cytometric analysis of cells, either benign or malignant, can on the one hand facilitate the recognition of their type or degree of differentiation, and on the other hand allow the quantification of cell populations at different stages of the cell cycle or with certain cell biological characteristics. The usefulness and advantages of this approach are illustrated here on the basis of studies with antibodies to specific keratins which make up part of the epithelial cytoskeleton.
Effect of hydrostatic pressure on modulated structures in thiourea (1982)

The phase diagram of thiourea as a function of temperature and hydrostatic pressure is investigated by means of neutron diffraction. Accurate satellite-position measurements reveal the existence of commensurate phases corresponding to the rational values $\frac{1}{3}$, $\frac{1}{7}$, and $\frac{1}{9}$ for the modulation wave vector. The results are discussed qualitatively in terms of ordinary Landau theory and in the light of Aubry's "devil's-staircase" approach.
Current pole inner distribution method for measuring tower grounding resistance (2020)

Abstract Three electrode method is a common method in measuring tower grounding resistance. However, its wiring distance is too long to complete accurate measurement in some terrain narrow areas, which is also an application problem to be solved urgently in the field of tower grounding resistance measurement. The traditional three electrode method is to find the compensation point between the grounding pole and the current pole. After calculation, there are also compensation points near the current pole besides the grounding pole and the current pole by using the traditional three electrode method. Based on this principle, the current pole is arranged between the grounding pole and the voltage pole by the current pole inner distribution method, which can greatly shorten the distance of the distribution pole. Through simulation analysis and test verification, the pole inner distribution method can control the pole distribution distance around 50m on the basis of ensuring the accuracy of the measurement results. Compared with the three-pole method, the pole distribution distance is shortened to 60%.
Epidemiology of AIDS Virus and Characterization of Anti-AIDS Virus Antibody (1986)

We have repeated as closely as possible the experiments of Zelac et al., who observed significantly elevated levels of chromosome aberrations in short-term cultures of peripheral lymphocytes from Chinese hamsters that had inhaled ozone. Unlike Zelac et al., we observed no increase in chromosome-type aberration levels, though a small increase in chromatid-aberration levels similar to that reported for exposed human subjects by Merz et al. was seen. No increase in the levels of any chromosomal aberration type was seen in parallel direct bone-marrow preparations. Sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) levels and cell-replication rates, which were determined in the Chinese hamster peripheral lymphocyte cultures and also in bone-marrow samples from similarly treated mice, failed to show any ozone-induced changes.
The struggle for iron - a metal at the host-pathogen interface (2010)

Iron holds a central position at the host-pathogen interface because mammalian and microbial cells have an essential demand for the metal, which is required for many metabolic processes. In addition, cross-regulatory interactions between iron homeostasis and immune function are evident. While iron affects the secretion of cytokines and the activity of transcription factors orchestrating immune responses, immune cell-derived mediators and acute-phase proteins control both systemic and cellular iron homeostasis. Additionally, immune-mediated strategies aim at restricting the supply of the essential nutrient iron to pathogens, which represents an effective strategy of host defence. On the other hand, microbes have evoked multiple strategies to utilize iron because a sufficient supply of this metal is linked to pathogen proliferation, virulence and persistence. The control over iron homeostasis is a central battlefield in host-pathogen interplay influencing the course of an infectious disease in favour of either the mammalian host or the pathogenic invader. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the combat of host cells and pathogens for the essential nutrient iron focusing on the immune-regulatory roles of iron on cell-mediated immunity necessary to control intracellular microbes, the host's mechanisms of iron restriction and on the counter-acting iron-acquisition strategies employed by intracellular microbes.
Permanent or temporary IVC filtration with a novel double-ring anchoring technology optional nitinol filter (2009)

Permanent or temporary implantation of inferior vena cava filters for protection against pulmonary embolism is well established. There have been numerous devices developed for this purpose, each of which has proprietary design considerations that affect performance and potentially impose limitations with regard to positioning, efficacy and risk profile. This article describes a recently developed, unique inferior vena cava filter design that employs a separated filtration component and a novel double-ring anchoring system that allows intraprocedural capture and repositioning for optimized placement. In addition, early experience suggests easy removal when desired, a high rate of filtration success and excellent caval patency.
High-power laser diode beam combiner (2003)

An innovative method of optically combining the multiple emitters of high-power stripe laser diodes is presented. A multibeam integrator approach is used along with a means of optically rotating the emitters by 90 deg. The 90-deg rotation allows better balancing of the optical invariants in the slow and fast axis directions, making it easier to circularize the image for coupling into fibers or increasing the irradiance for laser machining applications.
Metronaut: a wearable computer with sensing and global communication capabilities (2002)

Metronaut is a novel wearable computer which captures information, senses position, provides wide range communications, consumes less than one watt of power, and weighs less than one pound. Metronaut employs a bar code reader for information input and position location, a two-way pager for communications, and an ARM processor for computation. Metronaut's application is schedule negotiation and guidance instructions for a visitor to the CMU campus. The visitor's position is determined from reading bar codes at information signs around campus. Modifications to the schedule are negotiated using the two-way pager for communications with the campus computing infrastructure. Metronaut is alternatively powered by a mechanical flywheel converting kinetic energy to electrical energy.