gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Telematics might steer your car into the future (2002)

A lot of the automotive industry's telematics, or dashboard gadgets, in development are focused on either increasing driver safety or giving the driver more pleasurable options that manage not to take the driver's attention off the road. The paper discusses technology such as voice-activated dashboard devices, adaptive cruise-control and MobilEye vision-based system.
Neural Cloud Storage: Innovative Cloud Storage Solution for Cold Video (2023)

Cloud storage providers offer different pricing tiers based on the access frequency of stored data. This pricing plan offers cost benefits for videos that are accessed less than once per month. However, the stringent requirement falls short in addressing the large number of "cold" videos stored today. This paper proposes Neural Cloud Storage (NCS), a pioneering approach to address the problem by applying neural enhancement, specifically content-aware super-resolution (SR). According to our preliminary cost-benefit analysis, NCS can further save an annual 14% total cost of ownership (TCO) compared to the cheapest AWS storage service for cold video. By reducing the cost, it expands the cold video coverage (from 25% to 38%) that can benefit from the multi-tiered service. As deep learning and computational resources continue to advance, we believe that neural enhancement will revolutionize the field of cloud storage.
Constrained Reinforcement Learning via Dissipative Saddle Flow Dynamics (2022)

In constrained reinforcement learning (C-RL), an agent seeks to learn from the environment a policy that maximizes the expected cumulative reward while satisfying minimum requirements in secondary cumulative reward constraints. Several algorithms rooted in sampled-based primal-dual methods have been recently proposed to solve this problem in policy space. However, such methods are based on stochastic gradient descent-ascent algorithms whose trajectories are connected to the optimal policy only after a mixing output stage that depends on the algorithm's history. As a result, there is a mismatch between the behavioral policy and the optimal one. In this work, we propose a novel algorithm for constrained RL that does not suffer from these limitations. Leveraging recent results on regularized saddle-flow dynamics, we develop a novel stochastic gradient descent-ascent algorithm whose trajectories converge to the optimal policy almost surely.
Three phase pipe flow imaging using a capacitance tomography system (1996)

Several tomography systems for pipe flow imaging have been developed which are based on capacitance sensors measuring the permittivity of the flowing components. Several reconstruction techniques for reconstructing the measured capacitances has been developed. The most commonly used reconstruction algorithm is called the linear backprojection (LBP) algorithm and represents a fast and fairly crude algorithm. In this paper it is shown that in using the LBP-algorithm one must be very careful in interpreting the results. Methods for using a capacitance tomography system based an the LBP-algorithm for three phase oil/water/gas pipe flow imaging is outlined and preliminary results are presented.
Noninvasive mapping of pancreatic inflammation in recent-onset type-1 diabetes patients (2015)

Significance We describe a readily exportable method for noninvasive imaging of the pancreatic inflammation underlying type-1 diabetes (T1D), based on MRI of the clinically approved magnetic nanoparticle ferumoxytol. This approach, which reflects nanoparticle uptake by macrophages in the inflamed pancreatic lesion, has been validated rigorously in mouse T1D models. Methodological advances reported here include extensive optimization of image acquisition and improved MRI registration and visualization technologies. A proof-of-principle study revealed a clear difference in whole-pancreas nanoparticle accumulation in patients with recent-onset T1D versus healthy controls and pronounced intra- and interpancreatic signal heterogeneity in patients. Noninvasive generation of 3D, high-resolution maps of pancreatic inflammation should prove invaluable in assessing T1D progression and as an indicator of response to therapy.
Precipitation and Transformation of the Three Polymorphs of d-Mannitol (2010)

In this work, the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of d-mannitol’s three polymorphs and their transformations are addressed. Scalable and reproducible syntheses of the solid-state forms are presented, and a mathematical model to describe a three-polymorph transformation is discussed in detail. It is shown that, for certain initial solute concentrations, the α polymorph nucleates first and then transforms through the β form to the γ form. Moreover, a supersaturation threshold to nucleate the α form has been observed, and below this threshold value, the γ form nucleates. A theoretical analysis demonstrates that this behavior can be predicted and that this experimental observation is physically sound.
Hydrogen Peroxide (2000)

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent commercially available in aqueous solution over a wide concentration range. Its many uses involve its varied chemistry and are based on oxidations, reductions, substitutions, molecular additions, and decompositions. Product from hydrogen peroxide decomposition are the environmentally benign oxygen and water. Manufacture and use, especially in industrial bleaching applications, are on the rise, fueled by environmental concerns and ecological pressure to replace chlorine‐based bleaching with the cleaner peroxide chemistry. Manufactured primarily in large, strategically located anthrahydroquinone autoxidation processes, the primary use for hydrogen peroxide is in bleaching wood pulp. Hydrogen peroxide is also produced electrolytically. The various manufacturing processes are discussed. Safe use and handling require adherence to approved procedures and use of proper protective equipment.
Physical Properties of Phase-Change Emulsions (2006)

Phase-change emulsions (PCE) are important in a variety of applications, from ultrasound imaging to the explosive material used in the mining industry, but until now there has been no adequate theory to describe their activation properties. The PCE consists of a low-boiling-point liquid, known as the volatile phase, dispersed in an aqueous phase. The volatile phase boils as a result of an increase in the temperature of the emulsion. The volume of the emulsion will increase during this phase transition, with the transition temperature and final volume of the emulsion highly dependent on the initial radius of the liquid droplets. Here a description of the change in boiling point and freezing point of the volatile phase, as well as the volume change of a droplet in the emulsion as a function of the initial droplet radius, is presented. The influence of volatile phase solubility, liquid-liquid interfacial tension, and final temperature are explored, accounting for the influence of confinement on the properties of the volatile phase. Beyond this, a means by which the diffusivity of the gas in the continuous liquid phase can be measured is derived.
Oxytocin stimulation of RGS2 mRNA expression in cultured human myometrial cells (2002)

Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS proteins) interact with Galpha(q) and Galpha(i) and accelerate GTPase activity. These proteins have been characterized only within the past few years, so our understanding of their importance is still preliminary. We examined the effect of oxytocin on RGS2 mRNA expression to help determine the role of RGS proteins in oxytocin signaling in human myometrial cells in primary culture. Oxytocin increased RGS2 mRNA concentration maximally by 1 or 2 h in a dose-dependent and agonist-specific manner. RGS2 mRNA levels were also elevated by treatment with Ca(2+) ionophore, phorbol ester, or forskolin. Oxytocin's effects were completely inhibited by an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator and partially blocked by a protein kinase C inhibitor, indicating that intracellular Ca(2+) concentration is the primary signal for oxytocin elevation of RGS2 mRNA levels. Use of pharmacological inhibitors indicated that part of oxytocin-stimulated RGS2 mRNA expression is mediated by G(i)/tyrosine kinase activities. Although oxytocin does not stimulate increases in intracellular cAMP concentration, agents that elevate intracellular cAMP concentrations and cause myometrial relaxation may possibly cause heterologous desensitization to oxytocin via RGS2 expression. These results suggest that RGS2 may be important in regulating the myometrial response to oxytocin.
The growth inhibitory properties of a dopamine agonist (SKF 38393) on MCF-7 cells (1995)

Dopamine agonists have been indicated as treatment for disorders such as Parkinson's disease, cardiogenic shock and dopamine insufficiency. A unique relationship exists between dopamine and carcinogenicity. Chronic prolactin stimulation has been identified as a promoter of carcinogenicity. Prolactin secretion is regulated through dopamine receptor activation. Dopaminergic agonists inhibit prolactin release and antagonists increase release. High levels of prolactin have been shown to suppress production of estrogen and progesterone. As a result of these findings, a series of experiments were designed to examine the effects of a specific dopamine agonist, SKF 38393, against MCF-7 cells. MDA-MB231 and MCF-10 cells were used as negative controls. The breast cancer in vitro screening procedure involved the plating of MCF-7, MDA-MB231 and MCF-10 cells in a 96-well plate assay. After 1 day, the cells were exposed to SKF 38393 for 2 days and cell growth was determined by the Alamar blue dye reagent method. The optical density data was analyzed and IC50 values determined. The results indicated that SKF 38393 caused a significant decrease in proliferation of MCF-7 cells. The IC50 value was 0.1 +/- 0.03 microM. The results also indicated no significant effect on MDA-MB231 and MCF-10 cells.
A computing-in-memory macro based on three-dimensional resistive random-access memory (2022)

Abstract Non-volatile computing-in-memory macros that are based on two-dimensional arrays of memristors are of use in the development of artificial intelligence edge devices. Scaling such systems to three-dimensional arrays could provide higher parallelism, capacity and density for the necessary vector–matrix multiplication operations. However, scaling to three dimensions is challenging due to manufacturing and device variability issues. Here we report a two-kilobit non-volatile computing-in-memory macro that is based on a three-dimensional vertical resistive random-access memory fabricated using a 55 nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process. Our macro can perform 3D vector–matrix multiplication operations with an energy efficiency of 8.32 tera-operations per second per watt when the input, weight and output data are 8, 9 and 22 bits, respectively, and the bit density is 58.2 bit µm –2 . We show that the macro offers more accurate brain MRI edge detection and improved inference accuracy on the CIFAR-10 dataset than conventional methods.
Cholestyramine as a promising, strong anion exchange resin for direct capture of genetic biomarkers from raw pancreatic fluids (2016)

The ability to capture cell-free DNA from the gastrointestinal tract, in a minimally invasive manner, could enhance our ability to diagnose gastrointestinal disease, or gain a better understanding of the spatial mapping of the intestinal microbiota. We, therefore, sought to identify a class of capture agents that could directly and efficiently sequester genetic material from intestinal fluids. As a particular case study, we examined the ability to capture DNA from pancreatic secretions, for potential application in enabling the sequestration of early, genetic biomarkers of pancreatic disease. We hypothesized that the cholestyramine series of strong cation exchange resins, which are FDA approved for the treatment of high cholesterol, may be capable of capturing DNA from pancreatic secretions. We identified a particular cholestyramine resin, DOWEX 1 × 2 100-200 mesh, which is able to efficiently capture and purify DNA from pancreatic fluid. Using only 200 μL of pancreatic secretions, we are able to recover 247 ± 182 ng of amplifiable human DNA, giving an estimated pancreatic fluid DNA content of 1.23 ± 0.91 ng/μL. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a material that can effectively capture and purify DNA directly from untreated pancreatic fluids. Thus, our approach could hold high utility for the in vivo capture of DNA and disease biomarkers if incorporated into an appropriate sampling device. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 934-938. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Marshallian vs. Walrasian Stability in an Experimental Market (2001)

This outstanding collection spanning three decades comprises a superb selection of Charles R. Plott’s work in experimental economics. Market Institutions and Price Discovery contains papers which define problems, create laboratory methodology and produce the first results in many areas of experimental economics.
Genetic Control of Melanization: Isolation from Cultured Melanotic Melanoma Cells (amelanotic melanoma variants/cell culture/mutagenesi (2016)

Melanoma cells express a phenotype that is easy to recognize: the synthesis of melanin. We used this marker to isolate clones of amelanotic variants from large populations of wild-type' melanotic clones. Cloudman mouse melanoma (S91, clone M-3, CCL 53.1) was chosen as the parental line because the cells are highly pigmented, grow well as clones in soft agar, and fuse readily with Sendai virus. Subclones (107) of this line were screened without prior mutagenesis, and nine amelanotic variants were isolated. The mutagen ethylmethanesulfonate in- creased the frequency of variants by three to four orders of magnitude. Wild-type cells had both basal and melano- cyte stimulating hormone-inducible tyrosinase activities. The four amelanotic variants that we have examined to date all behaved similarly: they lost basal tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1; monophenol monooxygenase) activity but re- tained melanocyte stimulating hormone-inducible ac- tivity; they contained Stage-II melanosomes but no melanized melanosomes; they exhibited growth charac- teristics similar to those of wild-type cells in culture but produced fewer tumors in mice.
Properties of Lead Dioxide Doped with Antimony (1980)

The effects of antimony on the electrocrystallization and on the electrochemical behavior of α and β lead dioxide were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and chemical analysis. Galvanostatic reduction tests in alkaline solutions were also performed. Antimony drastically modifies the crystal morphology of α lead dioxide and, up to a concentration of 0.2%, changes the O/Pb ratio by filling lattice vacancies. On , on the contrary, antimony does not seem to have any significant influence. The reduction tests on lead dioxide showed that the cathodic process occurs in a homogeneous system until the O/Pb ratio reaches a value depending on the dioxide allotropic form and on the antimony content. The O/Pb ratio of intermediate oxide increases from pure (1.33) to Sb‐doped (1.65).
The Effects of Antioxidant Reactions on the Wear Behavior of a Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate (1979)

A systematic study of the wear behavior of a synthetic hydrocarbon bare oil as a function of time and concentration of added zinc di-n-octyldithiophosphate, ZDTP, has been carried out utilizing the 4-ball apparatus. A comparative study was made using ZDTP which had been reacted with a known concentration of peroxy radical species. Wear rates manifested, by the reacted, ZDTP at concentrations near 10−4 M total ZDTP were considerably higher than those observed with unreacted ZDTP at the same concentrations. Moreover, the observed wear rates were found to be quantitatively related to amounts of unreacted ZDTP as measured by a new peroxy radical litration method. These findings are consistent with the view that the products derived from the anti-oxidant reactions of ZDTP in lubricants are ineffective as antiwear agents.
[Repair of soft tissue defect in finger with modified reverse dorsal digital fascia flap]. (2009)

The modified reverse dorsal digital fascia flap is ideal for repairing soft tissues defects of the fingers, and can decrease the occurrence of venous crisis.
Solubility of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide in Aqueous N-Methyldiethanolamine Solutions (2009)

In this work, 72 new experimental solubility data points for H(2)S and CO(2) mixtures in aqueous N-methyldiethanol amine (MDEA) solutions at different methane partial pressures (up to 69 bara) are presented. They are correlated using an electrolyte equation of state (E-EOS) thermodynamic model. This model has already been used to estimate the CO(2) solubility in aqueous MDEA (Huttenhuis et al. Fluid Phase Equilib. 2008, 264, 99-112) and the H(2)S solubility in aqueous MDEA (Huttenhuis et al. Int. J. Oil, Gas Coal Technol. 2008, 1, 399-424). Here, the model is further extended to predict the behavior of CO(2) and H(2)S when they are present simultaneously in aqueous MDEA. The application of an equation of state is a new development for this type of system, i.e., of acid-gas-amine systems. The molecular interactions are described by Schwarzentruber et al.'s modification of the Redlich-Kwong-Soave equation of state, with terms added to account for ionic interactions in the liquid phase. The model is used to describe acid-gas solubility data for the CO(2)-H(2)S-MDEA-H(2)O system reported in the open literature and experimental data reported here for the CO(2)-H(2)S-MDEA-H(2)O-CH(4) system.
The ISB Cancer Genomics Cloud: A Flexible Cloud-Based Platform for Cancer Genomics Research (2017)

The ISB Cancer Genomics Cloud (ISB-CGC) is one of three pilot projects funded by the National Cancer Institute to explore new approaches to computing on large cancer datasets in a cloud environment. With a focus on Data as a Service, the ISB-CGC offers multiple avenues for accessing and analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas, TARGET, and other important references such as GENCODE and COSMIC using the Google Cloud Platform. The open approach allows researchers to choose approaches best suited to the task at hand: from analyzing terabytes of data using complex workflows to developing new analysis methods in common languages such as Python, R, and SQL; to using an interactive web application to create synthetic patient cohorts and to explore the wealth of available genomic data. Links to resources and documentation can be found at www.isb-cgc.org <i>Cancer Res; 77(21); e7-10. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Multimodal imaging of micron‐sized iron oxide particles following in vitro and in vivo uptake by stem cells: down to the nanometer scale (2014)

In this study, the interaction between cells and micron-sized paramagnetic iron oxide (MPIO) particles was investigated by characterizing MPIO in their original state, and after cellular uptake in vitro as well as in vivo. Moreover, MPIO in the olfactory bulb were studied 9 months after injection. Using various imaging techniques, cell-MPIO interactions were investigated with increasing spatial resolution. Live cell confocal microscopy demonstrated that MPIO co-localize with lysosomes after in vitro cellular uptake. In more detail, a membrane surrounding the MPIO was observed by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). Following MPIO uptake in vivo, the same cell-MPIO interaction was observed by HAADF-STEM in the subventricular zone at 1 week and in the olfactory bulb at 9 months after MPIO injection. These findings provide proof for the current hypothesis that MPIO are internalized by the cell through endocytosis. The results also show MPIO are not biodegradable, even after 9 months in the brain. Moreover, they show the possibility of HAADF-STEM generating information on the labeled cell as well as on the MPIO. In summary, the methodology presented here provides a systematic route to investigate the interaction between cells and nanoparticles from the micrometer level down to the nanometer level and beyond.
Frequency-modulation spectroscopy with blue diode lasers (2000)

Frequency-modulation spectroscopy provides ultrasensitive absorption measurements. The technique is especially adaptable to diode lasers, which can be modulated easily, and has been used extensively in the near-infrared and infrared spectral regions. The availability of blue diode lasers now means that the accessible wavelength region can be increased. We successfully demonstrate wavelength-modulation spectroscopy and two-tone frequency-modulation spectroscopy for the weak second resonance line of potassium at 404.8 nm and for the transition at 405.8 nm in lead, starting from the thermally populated 6(p)(2 3)P(2) metastable level. Information on the modulation parameters is obtained with a fitting procedure. Experimental signal-to-noise ratios at different absorption levels are compared with theoretical signal-to-noise ratios and show good agreement. Detection sensitivities of 2 x 10(-6) and 5 x 10(-6) for wavelength and two-tone frequency-modulation spectroscopy, respectively, for a 120-Hz bandwidth are demonstrated.
Radiation damping in high resolution liquid NMR: A simulation study (1995)

Radiation damping generates surprising new features in two-dimensional and spin–echo experiments. The theoretical interpretation of the unexpected results has led to some controversy. The purpose of the present paper is to show, by computer simulations, that the experimental results can be completely understood by describing radiation damping through a classical magnetic field caused by the current induced in the sample coil (resonantly enhanced by the high quality factor of the tuned circuit), and acting back on the spins. We examine a variety of two-dimensional and ‘‘multiple quantum’’ experiments in homogeneous fields, and spin-echo experiments in a fixed field gradient (with and without molecular diffusion).