gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stress concentrations around multiple fiber breaks in an elastic matrix with local yielding or debonding using quadratic influence superposition (1996)

A new computational technique, called the quadratic influence superposition (QIS) technique, is developed to study the stresses around arbitrary arrays of fiber breaks in a unidirectional composite loaded in simple tension, and consisting of elastic fibers in a matrix, which is either elastic-perfectly plastic or which can debond at the interface leaving residual friction. The method involves extending a recently developed break influence superposition (BIS) technique, where to model the behavior of damaged (yielded or debonded) matrix elements, we use special compensating shear stress profiles and develop the corresponding influence functions. The QIS technique appears to be at least an order of magnitude more efficient than other numerical schemes as the computation time is tied mainly to the amount of damage, and it is more accurate than a simpler version of this technique developed earlier. In illustrative examples, the method determines the Mode I fiber and matrix stress distributions around a “center crack” consisting of up to 31 contiguous fiber breaks. Incremental treatment is needed to establish the extent of the inelastic regions and the results, which achieve excellent agreement with exact shear lag analyses, clearly show that QIS calculated these correctly. Results show that the extent of the matrix damage region increases approximately linearly with applied load and nonlinearly with the number of breaks. The stress concentrations and overload profiles along nearby unbroken fibers are altered as compared to the fully elastic case with magnitudes reduced but length scales increased.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation and Trapping of Acyl Nitrile Oxides from Substituted Aryl 1, 3‐Diketones in a Nitrating Mixture. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Demo Abstract: The Intelligent IoT Integrator Data Marketplace - Version 1 (2020)

The following topics are dealt with: Internet of Things; wireless sensor networks; learning (artificial intelligence); data privacy; computer network security; Internet; telecommunication traffic; mobile computing; feature extraction; power engineering computing.
Activation robustness with directional leads and multi-lead configurations in deep brain stimulation (2020)

Robustness measures can be used to evaluate the performance of existing DBS lead designs and aid in the development of novel lead designs to better accommodate known variability in lead location and orientation. This type of analysis may also be useful to understand how DBS clinical outcome variability is influenced by lead location among groups of patients.
Study on Resist Removal Using Electrolyzed Sulfuric Acid Solution in Comparison with SPM (2012)

It is known that resist removal capability of SPM gradually deteriorates during the stripping process. The deterioration is theoretically explained to be the decrease in the concentration of sulfuric acid. On the contrary, in the case of electrolyzed sulfuric acid method, both concentrations of sulfuric acid and of peroxodisulfuric acid produced by electrolysis are kept constant, so that the resist removal capability is maintained for a long term even without addition of hydrogen peroxide. It is proved that resist patterned on φ300mm wafers and implanted at 1E14 atoms/cm 2 can be removed using electrolyzed sulfuric acid solution without ashing process.
Restoring Generational Balance in U.S. Fiscal Policy: What Will It Take? (1995)

A study of the magnitudes of tax increases, transfer cuts, or reductions in government purchases that would be needed to rectify the huge imbalance in the generational stance of U.S. fiscal policy, concluding that congressionally proposed outlay reductions in nondefense and non-Social Security spending would still be insufficient to bridge the gap.
miRNAs As Potential Therapeutic Targets For Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2012)

Since their recent discovery, miRNAs have been shown to play critical roles in a variety of pathophysiological processes. Such processes include pathological angiogenesis, the oxidative stress response, immune response and inflammation, all of which have been shown to have important and interdependent roles in the pathogenesis and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here we present a brief review of the pathological processes involved in AMD and review miRNAs and other noncoding RNAs involved in regulating these processes. Specifically, we discuss several candidate miRNAs that show promise as AMD therapeutic targets due to their direct involvement in choroidal neovascularization or retinal pigment epithelium atrophy. We discuss potential miRNA-based therapeutics and delivery methods for AMD and provide future directions for the field of miRNA research with respect to AMD. We believe the future of miRNAs in AMD therapy is promising.
Balancing Fine- and Medium-Grained Parallelism in Scheduling Loops for the XIMD Architecture (1993)

This paper presents an approach to scheduling loops that leverages the distinctive architectural features of the XIMD, particularly the variable number of instruction streams and low synchronization cost. The classical VLIW and MIMD architectures have a fixed number of instruction streams, each with a fixed width. A compiler for the XIMD architecture can exploit fine-grained parallelism within each instruction stream and medium-grained parallelism between instruction streams. Its task is to schedule code using the instruction stream widths best suited for the available program parallelism in each loop nest. The combination of instruction stream widths is selected to make the best utilization of the machine resources, and hence to minimize the execution time for the whole schedule. A new loop scheduling technique is presented for the XIMD called iteration mapping. It applies and extends doacross to use more than one processing unit per instruction stream, and to exploit both fine- and m...
Global surface slopes and roughness of the Moon from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (2011)

[1] The acquisition of new global elevation data from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter, carried on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, permits quantification of the surface roughness properties of the Moon at unprecedented scales and resolution. We map lunar surface roughness using a range of parameters: median absolute slope, both directional (along-track) and bidirectional (in two dimensions); median differential slope; and Hurst exponent, over baselines ranging from ∼17 m to ∼2.7 km. We find that the lunar highlands and the mare plains show vastly different roughness properties, with subtler variations within mare and highlands. Most of the surface exhibits fractal-like behavior, with a single or two different Hurst exponents over the given baseline range; when a transition exists, it typically occurs near the 1 km baseline, indicating a significant characteristic spatial scale for competing surface processes. The Hurst exponent is high within the lunar highlands, with a median value of 0.95, and lower in the maria (with a median value of 0.76). The median differential slope is a powerful tool for discriminating between roughness units and is useful in characterizing, among other things, the ejecta surrounding large basins, particularly Orientale, as well as the ray systems surrounding young, Copernican-age craters. In addition, it allows a quantitative exploration on mare surfaces of the evolution of surface roughness with age.
Encapsulating IPsec ESP in UDP for Load-balancing (2020)

IPsec Virtual Private Network (VPN) is widely used by enterprises to
interconnect their geographical dispersed branch office locations
across the Wide Area Network (WAN) or the Internet, especially in the
Software-Defined-WAN (SD-WAN) era. In addition, IPsec is also
increasingly used by cloud providers to encrypt IP traffic traversing
data center interconnect WAN so as to meet the security and compliance
requirements, especially in financial cloud and governmental cloud
environments. To fully utilize the bandwidth available in the WAN or
the Internet, load balancing of IPsec traffic over Equal Cost Multi-
Path (ECMP) and/or Link Aggregation Group (LAG) is much attractive to
those enterprises and cloud providers. This document defines a method
to encapsulate IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) packets over
UDP tunnels for improving load-balancing of IPsec ESP traffic.
Cover Feature: A Synthetic Chlorophyll Dimer Appending Fullerene: Effect of Chlorophyll Pairing on (Photo)redox Properties (Chem. Eur. J. 41/2020) (2020)

P700, consisting of a pair of chlorophylls a/a’, is known to act as the primary electron donor in the reaction center of Photosystem I. The cover artwork highlights the molecular structure of a synthetic chlorophyll dimer possessing a fullerene moiety used in this work, which is reminiscent of a flying bird grabbing a football. Studying the intramolecular charge separation between fullerene and chlorophyll dimer made it possible to capture the features of the reaction center and discuss why nature utilizes the dimer motif as a part of charge-separation machinery. More information can be found in the Full Paper by H. Tamiaki et al. on page 8897.
Passivity-based Adaptive Inventory Control (2009)

A new adaptive inventory control strategy is developed by applying online adaptation in the framework of passivity-based control. Given the definition of inventory, a feedback-feedforward control structure is derived from the passivity theory. The stability analysis is also given in this paper. This control strategy is demonstrated in simulations and an application on a pressure tank system.
Reliability in Semantic Segmentation: Are We on the Right Track? (2023)

Motivated by the increasing popularity of transformers in computer vision, in recent times there has been a rapid development of novel architectures. While in-domain performance follows a constant, upward trend, properties like robustness or uncertainty estimation are less explored -leaving doubts about advances in model reliability. Studies along these axes exist, but they are mainly limited to classification models. In contrast, we carry out a study on semantic segmentation, a relevant task for many real-world applications where model reliability is paramount. We analyze a broad variety of models, spanning from older ResNet-based architectures to novel transformers and assess their reliability based on four metrics: robustness, calibration, misclassification detection and out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. We find that while recent models are significantly more robust, they are not overall more reliable in terms of uncertainty estimation. We further explore methods that can come to the rescue and show that improving calibration can also help with other uncertainty metrics such as misclassification or OOD detection. This is the first study on modern segmentation models focused on both robustness and uncertainty estimation and we hope it will help practitioners and researchers interested in this fundamental vision task. Code available at https://github.com/naver/relis.
Using programmable NICs for time-warp optimization (2002)

This paper explores optimization of parallel discrete event simulators (PDES) on a cluster of workstations with programmable network interface cards (NICs). We explore reprogramming the firmware on the NIC to optimize the performance of distributed simulation. This is a new implementation model for distributed applications where: (i) application specific communication optimizations can be implemented on the NIC; (ii) portions of the application that are most heavily communicating can be migrated to the NIC; (iii) some messages can be filtered out at the NIC without burdening the primary processor resources; and (iv) critical events are detected and handled early. The combined effect is to optimize the application communication behavior as well as reduce the load on the host processor resources. We explore this new model by implementing two optimizations to a time-warp simulator on the NIC: (1) the migration of the global virtual time estimation algorithm to the NIC; and (2) early cancellation of messages in place upon early detection of rollbacks. We believe that the model generalizes to other distributed applications.
Zilien: Mannschaftsspiel mit Molekularmotoren. Selbstorganisierte Selbstreinigung von Atmungswegen (2010)

Abstract Die Atemwege sind mit einer Schleimschicht bedeckt, die wie eine Rolltreppe permanent Schmutzpartikel aus der Lunge befördert. Für den Antrieb sorgen Flimmerhärchen (Zilien), zu Tausenden koordiniert in einer kollektiven Wellenbewegung. Wie die Koordination dieser Molekularmotoren zustande kommt, ist bislang nicht geklärt. Die Biophysik vermutet hier ein Beispiel des weit verbreiteten Phänomens der Selbstorganisation, unterstützt durch externe Steuersignale, zum Beispiel mit Calciumionen. Ein einfaches Computermodell der Biophysiker der Universität Bern illustriert und unterstützt diese Hypothese.
Electrospun silk-based nanofibrous scaffolds: fiber diameter and oxygen transfer (2016)

In this study, silk fibroin was extracted from cocoons of silkworms and fabricated into nonwoven mats by electrospinning method. A new model based on the group method of data handling (GMDH) and artificial neural network (ANN) was developed for estimation of the average diameter of electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers. In this regard, concentration, flow rate, voltage, distance, and speed of collector were used as input parameters and average diameter of the fibers was considered as output parameter. Two models were capable to estimate average diameter of fibers with good accuracy. The average absolute relative deviation for GMDH and ANN models was equal to 3.56 and 2.28 %, respectively. Furthermore, due to importance of oxygen delivery to site of injury to promote wound healing, continuity equation for mass transport was employed for prediction of oxygen profile in the system containing wound dressing and skin. The result showed that our prepared wound dressing is capable to pass the oxygen completely to the skin layer and is not acting as a barrier for oxygen delivery to wound site. Since average nanofibers diameter can influence the mat physical, mechanical and biological properties then this model may serve as a useful guide to obtain tailor made and uniform silk nanofibers at various combinations of process variables.
LiFeO2-Incorporated Li2MoO3 as a Cathode Additive for Lithium-Ion Battery Safety (2012)

Li2MoO3, with a Mo(IV)/Mo(VI) redox couple, has been tested as a cathode additive to make lithium-ion batteries safe under abnormal discharge conditions. Its high charging capacity and sloping discharge voltage below 3.4 V vs Li+/Li effectively prevents the Cu anode current collector from oxidative dissolution at the overdischarge condition. However, molybdenum dissolution from the electrochemically charged Li2MoO3 quickly deteriorates the battery performance at 45 °C. A solid solution of Li2MoO3 with LiFeO2 has stabilized the crystalline structure at the charged states and suppressed the Mo(VI) dissolution. The addition of 10 wt % 0.9Li2MoO3–0.1LiFeO2 to LiCoO2 electrode enables long-term, high-temperature cycling in the operating voltage range of 0.0–4.3 V vs graphite.
Extract Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in Biocrude Oil Converted from Wet Biowaste via Hydrothermal Liquefaction (2016)

This study demonstrates that water can serve as a green solvent to achieve denitrogenation of biocrude oil converted from wet biowaste via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) under previously determined optimal reaction conditions (300 °C with a 1 h reaction time for swine manure and Chlorella; 300 °C with a 0.5 h reaction time for Spirulina). It was hypothesized that water could extract relatively polar chemicals, such as some of the nitrogen-containing compounds, from HTL biocrude oil. This hypothesis was examined by different extraction techniques using water as a solvent to HTL biocrude oil converted from swine manure (SM) and low-lipid algae. The water solubilities of biocrude oil and product yields (water extract, biocrude oil, solid residue, and aqueous and gas products) were measured. Compared to that of the biocrude oil without extraction by water, the nitrogen content of biocrude oil converted from SM decreased from 4.32 to 3.23%. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses of treated biocrude oil and water extract demonstrated that water can extract nitrogen-containing compounds and separate fatty acid derivatives that were originally in biocrude oil. When an ultrasonically assisted extraction by water was conducted, the nitrogen content in algal biocrude oil decreased from 6.83 to 5.75% with improved carbon and hydrogen content. In addition, GC–MS analyses of treated biocrude oil and water extract suggest that fatty acid derivatives may behave like surfactants and help in emulsifying nitrogen-containing compounds into water.
Replication Initiation Patterns in the β-Globin Loci of Totipotent and Differentiated Murine Cells: Evidence for Multiple Initiation Regions (2002)

The replication initiation pattern of the murine beta-globin locus was analyzed in totipotent embryonic stem cells and in differentiated cell lines. Initiation events in the murine beta-globin locus were detected in a region extending from the embryonic Ey gene to the adult betaminor gene, unlike the restricted initiation observed in the human locus. Totipotent and differentiated cells exhibited similar initiation patterns. Deletion of the region between the adult globin genes did not prevent initiation in the remainder of the locus, suggesting that the potential to initiate DNA replication was not contained exclusively within the primary sequence of the deleted region. In addition, a deletion encompassing the six identified 5' hypersensitive sites in the mouse locus control region had no effect on initiation from within the locus. As this deletion also did not affect the chromatin structure of the locus, we propose that the sequences determining both chromatin structure and replication initiation lie outside the hypersensitive sites removed by the deletion.
Analysis of the Cotton E6 promoter (2005)

An E6 gene from sea island cotton (Gossypium barbadense) was expressed specifically in cotton fiber cells to transfer functions to cultivated species for better transgenic engineering. The regulatory activity of the E6 promoter region was then studied by isolating a 614-bp fragment of the 5'-flanking region from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum CRI-12) to produce a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter construct for analysis of tissue-specific expression in transgenic tobacco seedlings. Fluorescent analyses indicate that the relatively short E6 promoter is sufficient to direct green fluorescent protein expression specifically in the leaf trichomes (hair cells) of the transgenic tobacco plants. As cotton fibers are also unicellular trichomes that differentiate from epidermal cells of developing cotton ovules, the result suggests that the relatively short E6 promoter can serve as a fiber-specific expression promoter for genetic engineering to improve cotton fiber quality.
Catastrophic failure of submarine slopes with elastic shearing zones (2021)

Submarine landslides can be devastating to offshore facilities and coastal areas. This study explores the triggering mechanisms of catastrophic failure of an infinite planar slope in sensitive soil deposits under undrained conditions. The strain-softening behaviour of sensitive soils can cause rapid growth of the shear band along a thin layer of weak materials and ultimately lead to a large landslide. A new analytical criterion for catastrophic shear band propagation taking into account elastic shear deformation in the shear band was derived using a process zone approach. A mechanical analysis was conducted on the fully softened zone, end zone and elastic shearing zone, among which the evolution of the shear band and the development of key mechanical variables were presented to illustrate the formation mechanism of the large submarine planar landslides. The influences of the elastic properties of soils on the initiation of catastrophic failure were investigated for both clay and sand slopes, demonstrating that the consideration of the elastic properties result in a more conservative failure criterion compared with that presented in the previous study.
N5 technology node dual-damascene interconnects enabled using multi patterning (2017)

We demonstrate an integration approach to enable 16nm half-pitch interconnects suitable for the 5nm technology node using 193i Lithography, SADP, SAQP, three times Litho-Etch (LE3) and tone-inversion. A silicon-verified DOE experiment on a SAQP process suggests a tight process window for core etch and spacer depositions. We also show a novel process flow which enable us to pattern tight-pitch metal-cut (block), and effectively scale the trench CD to 12nm at pitch 32nm. Finally we discuss line resistance and resistivity obtained for the 16nm and 12nm trenches created using 193i integration flow.
Gas NMR Characterization of Oil Shale (2007)

Posterior lenticonus is a common cause of unilateral infantile cataract, but is thought to be a rare cause of bilateral cataracts. This study suggests that posterior lenticonus is responsible for a significant proportion of childhood cataracts (approximately 14% of unilateral and approximately 9% of bilateral cases). Posterior lenticonus is generally thought to occur as a sporadic condition. This study demonstrates that there is a family history of early-onset cataract in a significant number of bilateral cases (approximately 58%).
The Corrosion Story (1977)

Andrews, by 1887, had already made a significant contribution to the knowledge of corrosion science and at this time, decided to investigate the effect of magnetisation on the relative electrochemical position of a pair of bright iron bars, one magnetised by a coil, the other not magnetised, when simultaneously exposed in circuit to the action of various powerful oxidising agents and saline solutions.
One-Step Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy With Mitomycin C as an Early Treatment for LASIK Flap Buttonhole Formation (2014)

Early one-step transepithelial PRK with mitomycin C seems to be a safe and effective treatment for LASIK buttonhole complication.
Association of periodontal disease, oral procedures, and other clinical findings with bacterial endocarditis in dogs (2009)

Results did not provide any evidence of an association between bacterial endocarditis in dogs and either dental or oral surgical procedures or oral infection. Findings suggested that the routine use of prophylactic antimicrobial administration in dogs undergoing oral procedures needs to be reevaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATIVE AND EXPLORATORY CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY. CARBANIONS IN CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY, SYNTHESIS OF C‐GLYCOSYL MALONATES (1974)

Abstract Die Kondensation von α‐Acetobromglucose (I) mit den Malonaten (IIa) bzw. (IIb) liefert die β‐Derivate (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb); aus (IIIb) wird durch Hydrogenolyse die freie Disäure (IIIc) erhalten, die in die Essigsäure (IVa) und anschließend in die Derivate (IVb)‐(IVC) bzw. (IVd) übergeführt wird.