gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative reactivity of treated FBC‐ and PCC‐Fly ash for SO2 removal (1995)

Abstract Two types of fly ash from fluidized bed (FBC) and pulverized coal combustors (PCC) were treated with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) to produce reactive SO 2 sorbents. Treatment was performed using 28.6 mass% Ca(OH) 2 /fly ash mixtures slurried at 350 K for 8 h. Sulfation experiments were carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at SO 2 concentration ranging from 0.11 to 0.67 vol% and 10(53–1153 K temperature range. At conditions close to those prevailing in an atmospheric FBC (1123 K, 3000 ppmv ami 20 vol% excess air), about 92% and complete conversion of CaO to CaSO 4 within 1 h reaction could be achieved with treated PCC and FBC fly ashes, respectively. Based on pore structural measurements for both sorbents, treatment enhanced the specific surface area (by about 8 times) as well as pore volume (by about 5 times). The shape of the N 2 ‐adsorption/desorption isotherms, specific pore area, and pore volume distribution curves remained unchanged. Study of the intrinsic kinetics of the reaction between treated fly ash and S02 indicated a first order reaction with respect to SO 2 concentration up to 0.31 vol% SO 2 (3.36 × 10 −8 mol/cm 3 ). Activation energies of 82.3 and 89.0 kJ/mol were calculated for treated PCC and FBC fly ashes, respsctively.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Cholera Toxin A-1 Polypeptide (2016)

Abstract A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study of the enzymatic portion of cholera toxin; cholera toxin A-1 polypeptide (CTA1) was performed at 283, 310 and 323 K. From total energy analysis it was observed that this toxin is stable thermodynamically and these outcomes were likewise confirmed by root mean square deviations (RMSD) investigations. The Cα root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) examinations revealed that there are a number of residues inside CTA1, which can be used as target for designing and synthesizing inhibitory drugs, in order to inactivate cholera toxin inside the human body. The fluctuations in the radius of gyration and hydrogen bonding in CTA1 proved that protein unfolding and refolding were normal routine phenomena in its structure at all temperatures. Solvent accessible surface area study identified the hydrophilic nature of the CTA1, and due to this property it can be a potential biological weapon. The structural identification (STRIDE) algorithm for proteins was successfully used to determine the partially disordered secondary structure of CTA1. On account of this partially disordered secondary structure, it can easily deceive the proteolytic enzymes of the endoplasmic reticulum of host cells.
Optical Control of Microdroplets for Cell-Encapsulating Polymerase Chain Reaction (2014)

Laser heating for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers fast amplification times—15 min or less from cell lysis to assay completion. PCR is conducted for breast cancer cell DNA and calibrated via fluorescent oligo melting.
Characteristic analysis of the upwind scheme (2003)

The characteristics of three typical upwind schemes (FDS, FVS, AUSM) are analyzed and compared by combining theoretic analysis and numerical experiments. The FDS is an accurate scheme for discontinuities, but oscillations cannot be neglect in some cases; the FVS features exact capture of strong shock and efficiency at a cost of increased numerical dissipation; the AUSM is good at both accuracy and efficiency and overcomes their shortcomings. These characteristics are reviewed by simulating the inviscid shocktube problems.
Quantum dot formation with silicon doping in InGaN/GaN quantum well structures and its implications in radiative mechanisms (2003)

Optical properties and material microstructures of three InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) samples with various silicon-doping concentrations in barriers were measured. From the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images, quantum dots (QDs) of a few nm in size were observed in silicon-doped samples. The regularities of QDs in size, shape and distribution increased with doping concentration up to 5 x 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>. Such observations implied that the reduction of quantum-confined Stark effect in such a sample was due to the relaxation of strain energy in QDs with silicon doping, besides the carrier screen effect. In other words, the microstructures were crucially changed with silicon doping in barriers. Also, the carrier localization effect was actually enhanced although potential fluctuation indeed became less randomly distributed. The calibrated radiative lifetimes in both silicon-doped samples showed the consistent trend of the formation of 0-D structure upon silicon doping.
Alternative splicing of exons in the alpha1 subunit of the rat testis L- type voltage-dependent calcium channel generates germ line-specific dihydropyridine binding sites (1998)

Cell-specific isoforms of the alpha1 subunit of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) have unique pharmacological reactivities. Prior sequence analysis of nucleotide bases 3908-6077 of the VDCC alpha1 subunit expressed in rat testis differed from cardiac sequences only in a 84 base pair region corresponding to exons 31/32 encoding a putative dihydropyridine binding region. We now report that sequence analysis of bases 3048-3936 identifies a second difference between the rat testis and rat cardiac alpha1 sequence in a 60 base pair region corresponding to exons 21/22 and encoding another putative dihydropyridine binding site. Variable VDCC exons 21/22 and 31/32 and their linking introns were sequenced using genomic DNA from rat lung as template, providing evidence that the rat testis and cardiac alpha1 isoforms are products of the same gene. Reverse transcription in-situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with frozen sections of rat testis was carried out with primers identifying the testis-specific exon 32 of the VDCC alpha1 subunit. PCR products were confined to seminiferous tubules and were associated with the germ cell lineage from Type A spermatogonia to mature spermatozoa. Close coupling of testis alpha1 VDCC gene transcription and translation was established by in-situ immunolabelling of serial frozen sections with a monoclonal antibody (IIF7) directed against epitopes on rabbit skeletal muscle L-type VDCC alpha1. Western blot analysis of rat proteins extracted from heart, skeletal muscle, testis and spermatozoa which were reactive with the IIF7 antibody detected primarily 175-220 kDa proteins in the size range of VDCC. These data unequivocally demonstrate that an L-type VDCC is expressed in rat testis and that VDCC isoforms from rat testis and heart differ in deduced amino acid composition in and around potential binding sites for calcium channel blocking drugs such as the dihydropyridines.
STRONG CONVERGENCE OF MODIFIED ISHIKAWA ITERATION FOR TWO RELATIVELY NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS IN A BANACH SPACE (2009)

Abstract. In this paper, we prove a strong convergence theorem for a common fixed point of two relatively nonexpansive mappings in a Banach space by using the modified Ishikawa iteration method. Our results im-proved and extend the corresponding results announced by many others. 1.
Lipid hydroperoxide-induced apoptosis in human colonic CaCo-2 cells is associated with an early loss of cellular redox balance (2000)

Apoptosis plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium. Dietary oxidants like peroxidized lipids could perturb cellular redox status and disrupt mucosal turnover. The objective of this study was to delineate the role of lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) -induced redox shifts in intestinal apoptosis using the human colonic CaCo-2 cell. We found that subtoxic concentrations of LOOH increased CaCo-2 cell apoptosis. This LOOH-induced apoptosis was associated with a significant decrease in the ratio of reduced glutathione-to-oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), which preceded DNA fragmentation by 12 to 14 h, suggesting a temporal relationship between the two events. Oxidation of GSH with the thiol oxidant diamide caused significant decreases in cellular GSH and GSH/GSSG at 15 min that correlated with the activation of caspase 3 (60 min) and cleavage of PARP (120 min), confirming a temporal link between induction of cellular redox imbalance and initiation of apoptotic cell death. These kinetic studies further reveal that oxidant-mediated early redox change (within 1 h) was a primary inciting event of the apoptotic cascade. Once initiated, the recovery of redox balance did not prevent the progression of CaCo-2 cell apoptosis to its biological end point at 24 h. Collectively, the study shows that subtoxic levels of LOOH disrupt intestinal redox homeostasis, which contributes to apoptosis. These results provide insights into the mechanism of hydroperoxide-induced mucosal turnover that have important implications for understanding oxidant-mediated genesis of gut pathology.–Wang, T.-G., Gotoh, Y., Jennings, M. H., Rhoads, C. A., Aw, T. Y. Lipid hydroperoxide-induced apoptosis in human colonic CaCo-2 cells is associated with an early loss of cellular redox balance. FASEB J. 14, 1567–1576 (2000)
Achieving Datacenter-scale Performance through Chiplet-based Manycore Architectures (2023)

Chiplet-based 2.5D systems that integrate multiple smaller chips on a single die are gaining popularity for executing both compute-and data-intensive applications. While smaller chips (chiplets) reduce fabrication costs, they also provide less functionality. Hence, manufacturing several smaller chiplets and combining them into a single system enables the functionality of a larger monolithic chip without prohibitive fabrication costs. The chiplets are connected through the network-on-interposer (NoP). Designing a high-performance and energy-efficient NoP architecture is essential as it enables large-scale chiplet integration. This paper highlights the challenges and existing solutions for designing suitable NoP architectures targeted for 2.5D systems catered to datacenter-scale applications. We also highlight the future research challenges stemming from the current state-of-the-art to make the NoP-based 2.5D systems widely applicable.
Exploitation des Technologies du Web Semantique et de la Gestion des Connaissances pour le E-Learning (2007)

This work explores the potential applications of semantic web and knowledge management technologies for e-learning systems. The problem of reusing existing pedagogical resources is dealt with through a process called semantization. In this process, pedagogical content is semi-automatically annotated with ontological concepts, from several points of view (domain, pedagogy, structure, etc.). This process aims at contextualizing the material with regard to the teacher´s conceptualization and pedagogical strategy. It specifically offers answers to the complexity and difficulty of annotation by a human. The exploitation of annotated pedagogical resources is then proposed through dynamic web interfaces. Semantic web technologies are used to perform useful inferences based on ontological knowledge to personalize and adapt courses. The interest of actual semantic web standards (OWL, RDF, SPARQL) is highlighted in a practical perspective, relying on the deployment of semantic search engine Corese. Finally, this work investigates tracking learner activity and the analysis of such activity. It explores the potential of graphic based visualization and inferences to analyze manually or automatically activity traces on a semantized course. The proposed tools and methods for analysis take advantage of the semantics and underlying semantic web framework.
AN ENTROPY BASED METHOD FOR ACTIVATION DETECTION OF FUNCTIONAL MRI DATA USING INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS (2014)

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) can be used to decompose functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data into a set of statistically independent images which are likely to be the sources of fMRI data. After applying ICA, a set of independent components are produced, and then, a “meaningful ” subset from these components must be identified, because a large majority of components are noninteresting. So, interpreting the components is an important and also difficult task. In this paper, we propose a criterion based on the entropy of time courses to automatically select the components of interest. This method does not require to know the stimulus pattern of the experiment. Index Terms — fMRI, ICA, Entropy, Activation detection 1.
Wireless measurement based resource allocation for QoS provisioning over IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (2003)

We propose a measurement based TCP-friendly rate control (TFRC) that adjusts the coding rates according to the channel characteristics of the wireless-to-wired network. To avoid the throughput degradation of multimedia flows traveling through wireless link, the proposed rate control system employs a new loss differentiation algorithm using packet loss statistics. This method can eliminate the effect of wireless losses in flow control and substantially reduce the abrupt quality degradation of the video streaming caused by the unreliable wireless link status. Experimental results show that the proposed rate control system produces the TCP-friendly rates while sharing the backbone bandwidth with TCP flows. Moreover, error resilient coding methods can be easily applied to the proposed TFRC by using the packet loss statistics.
Systematic comparison of adeno‐associated virus and biotinylated dextran amine reveals equivalent sensitivity between tracers and novel projection targets in the mouse brain (2014)

ABSTRACT As an anterograde neuronal tracer, recombinant adeno‐associated virus (AAV) has distinct advantages over the widely used biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). However, the sensitivity and selectivity of AAV remain uncharacterized for many brain regions and species. To validate this tracing method further, AAV (serotype 1) was systematically compared with BDA as an anterograde tracer by injecting both tracers into three cortical and 15 subcortical regions in C57BL/6J mice. Identical parameters were used for our sequential iontophoretic injections, producing injections of AAV that were more robust in size and in density of neurons infected compared with those of BDA. However, these differences did not preclude further comparison between the tracers, because the pairs of injections were suitably colocalized and contained some percentage of double‐labeled neurons. A qualitative analysis of projection patterns showed that the two tracers behave very similarly when injection sites are well matched. Additionally, a quantitative analysis of relative projection intensity for cases targeting primary motor cortex (MOp), primary somatosensory cortex (SSp), and caudoputamen (CP) showed strong agreement in the ranked order of projection intensities between the two tracers. A detailed analysis of the projections of two brain regions (SSp and MOp) revealed many targets that have not previously been described in the mouse or rat. Minor retrograde labeling of neurons was observed in all cases examined, for both AAV and BDA. Our results show that AAV has actions equivalent to those of BDA as an anterograde tracer and is suitable for analysis of neural circuitry throughout the mouse brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1989–2012, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonlinear Geometric Approach to Fault Detection and Isolation in an Aircraft Nonlinear Longitudinal Model (2007)

In this paper, aircraft actuator fault detection and isolation (FDI) is investigated and designed using a nonlinear geometric FDI approach based on a nonlinear longitudinal aircraft model. Two detection filters are designed for the throttle position and the elevator angle, respectively, which are the two main actuation signals in the longitudinal aircraft model. In nonlinear geometric FDI approach the objective is to find state and output transformations, if such transformations exist, that lead us to a new set of observable states which are unaffected by all faults but one. Numerous simulation results show the excellent performance of the designed nonlinear diagnosis filters in detecting and isolating certain types of faults such as float and loss of effectiveness in the input channels. Comparative simulation results are conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed nonlinear filters to their linear counterparts. It is shown that the linear geometric approach may fail to detect and isolate the above faults mainly due to the model inaccuracies that are inherent to the linearization of the nonlinear aircraft model.
Metal–organic frameworks based on infinite secondary building units: recent progress and future outlooks (2022)

An emerging subclass of MOFs based on infinite secondary building units (ISBUs) has been surveyed in terms of their synthesis, structure and applications.
SNP-VISTA: An interactive SNP visualization tool (2005)

The main strength of SNP-VISTA is its graphical interface and use of visual representations, which support interactive exploration and hence better understanding of large-scale SNP data by the user.
Theoretic and experimental comparison of root-mean-square and mean-absolute-value electromyogram amplitude detectors (2002)

It is typically assumed that the probability density of the surface electromyogram (EMG) is Gaussian. This assumption leads to root-mean-square (RMS) processing as the maximum likelihood estimator of the EMG amplitude. Contrary to this theoretical formulation, recent experimental work has found mean-absolute-value (MAV) processing to be superior to RMS. This paper reviews RMS processing with the Gaussian model and then derives the expected (inferior) performance of MAV processing with the Gaussian model. Next, a new model for the surface EMG waveform, using a Laplacian density, is presented. It is shown that the MAV processor is the maximum likelihood estimator of the EMG amplitude for the Laplacian model. Lastly, experimental data from isometric, constant-force, non-fatiguing contractions were examined. On average, the Laplacian density best fit the experimental data (although results varied with subject). For amplitude estimation, MAV processing was clearly superior to RMS processing.
Protease-activated receptors in health and disease (2022)

Proteases are signaling molecules that specifically control cellular functions by cleaving protease-activated receptors (PARs). The four known PARs are members of the large family of G protein-coupled receptors. These transmembrane receptors control most physiological and pathological processes and are the target of a large proportion of therapeutic drugs. Signaling proteases include enzymes from the circulation; from immune, inflammatory epithelial, and cancer cells; as well as from commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Advances in our understanding of the structure and function of PARs provide insights into how diverse proteases activate these receptors to regulate physiological and pathological processes in most tissues and organ systems. The realization that proteases and PARs are key mediators of disease, coupled with advances in understanding the atomic level structure of PARs and their mechanisms of signaling in subcellular microdomains, has spurred the development of antagonists, some of which have advanced to the clinic. Herein we review the discovery, structure, and function of this receptor system, highlight the contribution of PARs to homeostatic control, and discuss the potential of PAR antagonists for the treatment of major diseases.
Wavelength demultiplexer for sub-nm channel optical amplifier WDM system (2002)

We proposed a practical wavelength demultiplexer for an optical amplifier wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system using cascaded fiber gratings and optical circulators. Our proposed method can achieve a small excess loss and effective allocation of dispersion compensating for each channel, and introduce new channels without affecting other existing channels.
A Marine‐Inspired Hybrid Sponge for Highly Efficient Uranium Extraction from Seawater (2019)

Abstract Marine sponges are used as biomonitors of heavy metals contamination in coastal environment as they process large amounts of water and have a high capacity for accumulating heavy metals. Here, inspired by the unique physical and physiological features of marine sponges, a surface engineered synthetic sponge for the highly efficient harvesting of uranium from natural seawater is developed. An ultrathin poly(imide dioxime) (PIDO)/alginate (Alg) interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel layer is uniformly wrapped around the skeleton of a melamine sponge (MS) substrate through a simple dipping–drying–crosslinking process, providing the hybrid MS@PIDO/Alg sponge with excellent uranium adsorption performance and sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the harsh conditions of practical applications. The maximum adsorption capacity reaches 910.98 mg‐U g‐gel ‐1 for the PIDO/Alg hydrogel layer and 291.51 mg‐U g‐sponge ‐1 for the whole hybrid MS@PIDO/Alg sponge in uranium‐spiked natural seawater. The adsorption capacity measured after 56 d of exposure in 5 tons of natural seawater is evaluated to be 5.84 mg‐U g‐gel ‐1 (1.87 mg‐U g‐sponge ‐1 ). This novel approach shows great promise for the mass production of high‐performance sponge adsorbent for uranium recovery from natural seawater and nuclear waste.
Energy Management of Hybrid DC Microgrid with Different Levels of DC Bus Voltage for Various Load Types (2023)

This article suggests a hybrid DC microgrid (HDCMG) with different levels of DC bus voltages to use for various types of loads. The available sources in the HDCMG are wind generating systems (WGSs), photovoltaic (PV) systems, battery banks, and the AC grid for emergencies. The various levels of the DC bus voltages are 760 V, 380 V, and 48 V for different application uses such as electric vehicles and home applications. In addition, the controller plays an important role in the proposed system to achieve the desired DC bus voltage levels and extract the maximum power point (MPP) from the WGS and PV systems. In order to check the power continuity for the critical loads and improve the overall system performance, a suggested energy management strategy (SEMS) is developed. The SEMS is based on the optimum generated power and the state-of-charge (SOC) of the battery banks. Further, the SEMS is developed as a way to prevent battery storage from overcharging and deep discharging. The mathematical relations of the proposed HDCMG and MPP tracking are described. The bidirectional 3-Φ inverter connects the 760 V bus voltage to the AC grid for regulating this DC bus by absorbing the excess power or supplying the required power during the shortage in the generation and the low SOC of the battery storage. Buck converters with controlled duty cycles rather than constant duty cycles are used to obtain 380 V and 48 V from 760 V to achieve better dynamic responses. The overall HDCMG is evaluated using the MATLAB/Simulink package under different working cases to verify the capability of the control system and the PEMS. The obtained results are discussed and show the good performance and the capability of the overall system under the different scenarios, including (i) a comparison between variable duty and constant duty; (ii) high/low generated power and the SOC of the battery in the acceptable region; (iii) high/low generated power and the SOC of the battery in the critical region; and (iv) high/low generated power and the SOC of the battery in the overcharging region.