gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[What's all that confusion about ? Delirium in the elderly]. (2021)

Delirium is common in community-dwelling as well as in hospitalized older persons aged 75 years and older. Often underdiagnosed, delirium is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Screening (with CAM and 3D-CAM) and identification of older people at increased risk for delirium is essential to enhance non-pharmacological preventative measures and monitor their evolution to allowing an early diagnosis. Screening instruments are currently available, such as the CAM and 3D-CAM. Pharmacological treatment is proposed only in situations where the patients endanger him-herself or other persons. In patients without previously known cognitive impairment, a cognitive assessment is mandated within the next 6 to 12 months period following the delirium episode.
New Chemical Synthesis of Functionalized Arylzinc Compounds from Aromatic or Thienyl Bromides under Mild Conditions Using a Simple Cobalt Catalyst and Zinc Dust. (2003)

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Functional Evaluation of the Ligaments at the Acromioclavicular Joint during Anteroposterior and Superoinferior Translation (1997)

We examined the anatomy and measured the in situ force in ligaments at the acromioclavicular joint using a universal force-moment sensor. The in situ force in the coracoacromial, conoid, trapezoid, superior acromioclavicular capsular, and inferior acromioclavicular capsular ligaments of 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders was determined for a load of 70 N applied to the clavicle in anteroposterior and superoinferior directions. The lengths of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments were found to be 15.1 +/- 4.1 and 11.5 +/- 2.2 mm, respectively; the widths of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments were 10.7 +/- 1.5 and 11.0 +/- 2.8 mm, respectively. The in situ force of the trapezoid (42.9 +/- 15.4 N) was significantly greater than that for the other ligaments during posterior displacement. Otherwise, no statistically significant differences could be found between any of the in situ forces in each ligament during all other motions examined. During anterior displacement, the inferior acromioclavicular capsular ligament appeared to be the major restraint. The trapezoid ligament was the primary restraint during posterior displacement and provided 55.8% +/- 20.0% of the resisting force. Our results suggest that the coracoclavicular and other acromioclavicular joint capsular ligaments should be considered for reconstruction to restore normal joint function, especially in the anterior, posterior, and superior directions.
Loss of a novel tumor suppressor gene locus at chromosome 8p is associated with leukemic mantle cell lymphoma (2001)

Patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) may present with either nodal or leukemic disease. The molecular determinants underlying this different biologic behavior are not known. This study compared the pattern of genetic abnormalities in patients with nodal and leukemic phases of MCL using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for specific gene loci. Although both leukemic and nodal MCL showed similar genomic patterns of losses (involving 6q, 11q22-q23, 13q14, and 17p13) and gains (affecting 3q and 8q), genomic loss of chromosome 8p occurred more frequently in patients with leukemic disease (79% versus 11%, P <.001). Subsequent CGH analysis confirmed the genomic loss of 8p21-p23 in 6 of 8 MCL cell lines. Interestingly, MYC gene amplification was restricted to cases with 8p deletion. These data indicate the presence of a novel tumor suppressor gene locus on 8p, whose deletion may be associated with leukemic dissemination and poor prognosis in patients with MCL.
Microwave device combining filtering and radiating functions for telecommunication satellites (2002)

An original new design of microwave structure for integrating filter and antenna functions on a single device is presented. The structure is composed of a partially metallized dielectric plate enclosed in a parallelepipedic cavity. This topology allows a high integration in a planar environment type, and is suitable for high frequency filtering and power applications. In order to validate the multilayer radiant filter concept, an open two-pole filter using two superposed cavities coupled by a metallic iris is presented. Its filtering and radiating functions are optimized at the same time to present some required electrical performances. Moreover, to show the variety of uses of the antenna, two examples are described. The first one presents a coupled array of two radiant filters, and the second one an antenna with circular polarization radiation.
Working Environment Design for Effective Palletizing with a 6-DOF Manipulator (2016)

Palletizing is an important and fundamental task for production. We propose a design method to improve the performance of a palletizing manipulator. The working environment must be optimized regarding the base position of the manipulator and the shape and position of the pallet. Designing a working environment is a lengthy process because of the many dimensions of the problem and the necessity of collision-free path planning. To reduce the computation time, the parameters of an environment are quickly evaluated with the proposed method, in which we set passing points to reduce the computation time of path planning. We verify the effectiveness of our method compared with conventional and state–time space methods. We show that the proposed method can obtain effective and convenient solutions when compared to the other methods.
Computer simulation of rayleigh waves produced by seismic sources (1992)

The effects of ground rolton seismic data are well known: loss of informations, poor signal to noise ratio, and need for costly f-k filtering on shot data. The ground roll in layered media is built up with several vibrational modes, whose features (amplitude spectrum , group and phase vetocity) are strongly dependent on the properties of the shallowest layers of the Barth (AJ-Husseini et al., 1981). If these features are known, It is possible to simulate the ground rolt and evaluate the loss of resolution, and to be able to redesign the acquisition geometry to improve the signal to noise ratio. The target of our research was the development of a simple and fast technique to compute all the relevant features of the ground roll produced by an explosive seismic source, i.e. the phase and group velocity, the noise amplitude vs. frequency, and the time shape and duration of the signal. The results of the simulations were then used to evaluate the effectiveness of seismic acquisition geometries.
Optimizing nucleic acid extraction from thyroid fine-needle aspiration cells in stained slides, formalin-fixed/ paraffin-embedded tissues, and long-term stored blood samples Otimização da extração de ácidos nucleicos de material de punção aspirativa por agulha fina de tiroide obtido de lâminas coradas, tecidos fixados em formalina e emblocados em parafina e amostras de sangue estocadas por longo período (2012)

Objective: Adequate isolation of nucleic acids from peripheral blood, fine-needle aspiration cells in stained slides, and fresh and formalin-fixed/paraffin-embedded tissues is crucial to en - sure the success of molecular endocrinology techniques, especially when samples are stored for long periods, or when no other samples can be collected from patients who are lost to follow-up. Here, we evaluate several procedures to improve current methodologies for DNA (salting-out) and RNA isolation. Materials and methods: We used proteinase K treatment, heat shock, and other adaptations to increase the amount and quality of the material retrieved from the samples. Results: We successfully isolated DNA and RNA from the samples described abo - ve, and this material was suitable for PCR, methylation profiling, real-time PCR and DNA se - quencing. Conclusion: The techniques herein applied to isolate nucleic acids allowed further reliable molecular analyses. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):618-26
Regulation of the diabetes-associated autoantigen IA-2 in INS-1 pancreatic beta-cells. (2000)

IA-2, a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, represents a major target autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. To study the regulation of IA-2 gene expression, we used INS-1 insulinoma cells to analyze beta-cell signal transduction pathways as well as the effect of metabolic and hormonal factors involved in the regulation of the insulin secretory pathway. Quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed that an increase of cellular cAMP mediated by forskolin (10 micromol/l, 24 h) or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (100 micromol/l, 24 h) induced maximal stimulation of IA-2 mRNA levels (451 +/- 85 and 338 +/- 86% compared with basal conditions; P < 0.001). In contrast, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by short-term treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (1 micromol/l, 6 h) did not alter IA-2 expression, whereas depletion of PKC by prolonged culturing (24 h) exerted a significant inhibition (57 +/- 24%; P < 0.05). cAMP-dependent upregulation was confirmed by the findings that glucagon (10 micromol/l, 24-48 h) increased levels of IA-2 mRNA (190 +/- 35%; P < 0.05), whereas short-term incubation with high glucose concentration showed no effect. However, prolonged incubation in high glucose (21 mmol/l) induced a time- and dose-dependent increase of IA-2 mRNA expression, reaching maximal values after 144 h (285 +/- 68%; P < 0.05). These studies demonstrate that stimuli of insulin secretion that operate by activation of adenylate cyclase generating cAMP significantly increase IA-2 gene expression. In contrast, activation of PKC by high glucose concentration or PMA exerted no effect, suggesting that IA-2 gene expression is not simply coupled to insulin secretion, but may be involved in the fine regulation of beta-cell function. These findings may be important to clarify the function of IA-2 in beta-cells and elucidate mechanisms involved in the induction of autoimmunity to IA-2.
Fuel Saving Achieved in the Field Test of Two Tandem Trucks (2004)

The fuel consumption of two tandem trucks is recorded for truck spacings of 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 meters. The trucks are linked by means of an electronic control system, and are operated on an unused runway at Crows Landing, California. Fuel consumption data is averaged while traveling in both directions over the same central strip of runway to cancel the effect of runway slope and to partially cancel the effect of wind. The average fuel consumption saving to be achieved by tandem operation varies from about 11% at 3-4 meters spacing to about 8% at 8-10 meters spacing.
Comparison of Three Magnetic Bead Surface Functionalities for RNA Extraction and Detection (2015)

Magnetic beads are convenient for extracting nucleic acid biomarkers from biological samples prior to molecular detection. These beads are available with a variety of surface functionalities designed to capture particular subsets of RNA. We hypothesized that bead surface functionality affects binding kinetics, processing simplicity, and compatibility with molecular detection strategies. In this report, three magnetic bead surface chemistries designed to bind nucleic acids, silica, oligo (dT), and a specific oligonucleotide sequence were evaluated. Commercially available silica-coated and oligo (dT) beads, as well as beads functionalized with oligonucleotides complementary to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) nucleocapsid gene, respectively recovered ∼75, ∼71, and ∼7% target RSV mRNA after a 1 min of incubation time in a surrogate patient sample spiked with the target. RSV-specific beads required much longer incubation times to recover amounts of the target comparable to the other beads (∼77% at 180 min). As expected, silica-coated beads extracted total RNA, oligo (dT) beads selectively extracted total mRNA, and RSV-specific beads selectively extracted RSV N gene mRNA. The choice of bead functionality is generally dependent on the target detection strategy. The silica-coated beads are most suitable for applications that require nucleic acids other than mRNA, especially with detection strategies that are tolerant of a high concentration of nontarget background nucleic acids, such as RT-PCR. On the other hand, oligo (dT) beads are best-suited for mRNA targets, as they bind biomarkers rapidly, have relatively high recovery, and enable detection strategies to be performed directly on the bead surface. Sequence-specific beads may be best for applications that are not tolerant of a high concentration of nontarget nucleic acids that require short RNA sequences without poly(A) tails, such as microRNAs, or that perform RNA detection directly on the bead surface.
Stellar halos of Milky Way-type galaxies in Eagle high resolution simulations (2019)

We study the stellar halos of Milky Way-type galaxies in the Eagle simulations and in a new set of zoomed Milky Way-mass galaxies resimulated at higher resolution. We analyse the surface brightness, metallicity, colour and age profiles of simulated halos - both across the major and minor axes - and find good agreement with observations. We find that the observed properties of stellar halos can be explained by a mixture of in situ and accreted components.We suggest that observations of stellar halos need to target also the major axes of galaxies (where most of the in situ halo stars reside), in order to get a complete picture of stellar halos of galaxies.
A topoisomerase II-like protein is part of an inducible DNA-binding protein complex that binds 5' of an immunoglobulin promoter (1993)

We previously identified a B cell-specific protein-DNA complex 5' of an immunoglobulin mu heavy chain promoter. The sequences to which this protein complex bound were required for induction of immunoglobulin mRNA levels with interleukin-5 + antigen. Further studies identified a second sequence 5' of these regulatory sequences that bound to both the nuclear matrix and to a similar interleukin-5 + antigen inducible protein complex. Therefore, we sought to identify the putative regulatory proteins that comprised this DNA-binding complex. In this study, we have used anti-topoisomerase II antibodies to demonstrate that one of the proteins found in the interleukin-5 + antigen inducible complexes is serologically related to topoisomerase II. To our knowledge, this is the first report where a topoisomerase II related protein participates in an inducible mobility shifted protein-DNA complex. These data suggest a model in which the enhanced immunoglobulin gene transcription observed after treatment with interleukin-5 + antigen might be explained by the induction of a protein complex that acts to relieve torsional stress along the gene.
A metaprogramming framework for formal verification (2017)

We describe the metaprogramming framework currently used in Lean, an interactive theorem prover based on dependent type theory. This framework extends Lean's object language with an API to some of Lean's internal structures and procedures, and provides ways of reflecting object-level expressions into the metalanguage. We provide evidence to show that our implementation is performant, and that it provides a convenient and flexible way of writing not only small-scale interactive tactics, but also more substantial kinds of automation.
TCP Extensions for Multipath Operation with Multiple Addresses : draft-ietf-mptcp-multiaddressed-03 (2011)

TCP/IP communication is currently restricted to a single path per connection, yet multiple paths often exist between peers. The\n simultaneous use of these multiple paths for a TCP/IP session would\n improve resource usage within the network, and thus improve user\n experience through higher throughput and improved resilience to\n network failure.\nMultipath TCP provides the ability to simultaneously use multiple paths between peers. This document presents a set of extensions to\n traditional TCP to support multipath operation. The protocol offers\n the same type of service to applications as TCP (i.e. reliable\n bytestream), and provides the components necessary to establish and\n use multiple TCP flows across potentially disjoint paths.
Advanced gain-scheduling techniques for uncertain systems (1998)

This paper is concerned with the design of gain-scheduled controllers for uncertain linear parameter-varying systems. Two alternative design techniques for constructing such controllers are discussed. Both techniques are amenable to linear matrix inequality problems via a gridding of the parameter space and a selection of basis functions. These problems are then readily solvable using available tools in convex semidefinite programming. When used together, these techniques provide complementary advantages of reduced computational burden and ease of controller implementation. The problem of synthesis for robust performance is then addressed by a new scaling approach for gain-scheduled control. The validity of the theoretical results are demonstrated through a two-link flexible manipulator design example. This is a challenging problem that requires scheduling of the controller in the manipulator geometry and robustness in face of uncertainty in the high-frequency range.
Direct fermentation of cellulosic materials by Fusarium oxysporum 841: Acetic acid/ethanol production and tolerance. (1992)

Direct fermentation of cellulosic materials to acetic acid and ethanol was studied using a cellulolytic strain of Fusarium oxysporum DSM 841. It produces extracellular enzyme complex consisting of avicelase, CMCase, cellobiase and xylanase activities with hydrolytic potential of 80-87% of different cellulosic substrates. Acetic acid (12g/l) and ethanol (3.6g/l) were obtained with yields of 0.36g/g and 0.1 g/g from potato waste (cellulosic waste from starch industries). F. oxysporum 841 was able to ferment D-xylose as efficiently as it could D-glucose. It exhibited relatively higher product tolerance. Mechanism of inhibition of cellulase effectiveness in the presence of acetic acid/ethanol is also discussed.
Figure S7 from INT6/EIF3E Controls the RNF8-Dependent Ubiquitylation Pathway and Facilitates DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Human Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S7 shows the effect of INT6 silencing on RNF168 recruitment to DNA damage foci&lt;/p&gt;
Efficient Optimization of Loops and Limits with Randomized Telescoping\n Sums (2019)

We consider optimization problems in which the objective requires an inner\nloop with many steps or is the limit of a sequence of increasingly costly\napproximations. Meta-learning, training recurrent neural networks, and\noptimization of the solutions to differential equations are all examples of\noptimization problems with this character. In such problems, it can be\nexpensive to compute the objective function value and its gradient, but\ntruncating the loop or using less accurate approximations can induce biases\nthat damage the overall solution. We propose randomized telescope (RT) gradient\nestimators, which represent the objective as the sum of a telescoping series\nand sample linear combinations of terms to provide cheap unbiased gradient\nestimates. We identify conditions under which RT estimators achieve\noptimization convergence rates independent of the length of the loop or the\nrequired accuracy of the approximation. We also derive a method for tuning RT\nestimators online to maximize a lower bound on the expected decrease in loss\nper unit of computation. We evaluate our adaptive RT estimators on a range of\napplications including meta-optimization of learning rates, variational\ninference of ODE parameters, and training an LSTM to model long sequences.\n
Image classification and captioning model considering a CAM‐based disagreement loss (2019)

Image captioning has received significant interest in recent years, and notable results have been achieved. Most previous approaches have focused on generating visual descriptions from images, whereas a few approaches have exploited visual descriptions for image classification. This study demonstrates that a good performance can be achieved for both description generation and image classification through an end-to-end joint learning approach with a loss function, which encourages each task to reach a consensus. When given images and visual descriptions, the proposed model learns a multimodal intermediate embedding, which can represent both the textual and visual characteristics of an object. The performance can be improved for both tasks by sharing the multimodal embedding. Through a novel loss function based on class activation mapping, which localizes the discriminative image region of a model, we achieve a higher score when the captioning and classification model reaches a consensus on the key parts of the object. Using the proposed model, we established a substantially improved performance for each task on the UCSD Birds and Oxford Flowers datasets.
Quantifying Inter- and Intra-Population Niche Variability Using Hierarchical Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixing Models (2009)

Variability in resource use defines the width of a trophic niche occupied by a population. Intra-population variability in resource use may occur across hierarchical levels of population structure from individuals to subpopulations. Understanding how levels of population organization contribute to population niche width is critical to ecology and evolution. Here we describe a hierarchical stable isotope mixing model that can simultaneously estimate both the prey composition of a consumer diet and the diet variability among individuals and across levels of population organization. By explicitly estimating variance components for multiple scales, the model can deconstruct the niche width of a consumer population into relevant levels of population structure. We apply this new approach to stable isotope data from a population of gray wolves from coastal British Columbia, and show support for extensive intra-population niche variability among individuals, social groups, and geographically isolated subpopulations. The analytic method we describe improves mixing models by accounting for diet variability, and improves isotope niche width analysis by quantitatively assessing the contribution of levels of organization to the niche width of a population.