gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inducible nitric oxide synthase increases in regenerating rat ganglia (1996)

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) exists in several isoforms. In this study we used immunocytochemistry to investigate one isoform, inducible NOS (iNOS), in the nodose ganglia (NG) and in the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) of the rat. iNOS was present in many neurones of the NG, while no iNOS-positive cells could be observed in the SCG. At 24 and 48 h following a crush lesion to the vagus nerve, expression of iNOS-immunoreactivity had increased in the NG. iNOS-immunoreactivity increased in both the NG and SCG of ganglia cultured for 24 and 48 h. The results show that an increase in iNOS-immunoreactivity accompanies regenerative processes in two peripheral ganglia, suggesting that nitric oxide, the product of iNOS activity, could be involved in nerve regeneration.
Recombinant p35 from Bacteria Can Form Interleukin (IL-)12, but Not IL-35 (2014)

The Interleukin (IL)-12 family contains several heterodimeric composite cytokines which share subunits among each other. IL-12 consists of the subunits p40 (shared with IL-23) and p35. p35 is shared with the composite cytokine IL-35 which comprises of the p35/EBI3 heterodimer (EBI3 shared with IL-27). IL-35 signals via homo- or heterodimers of IL-12Rβ2, gp130 and WSX-1, which are shared with IL-12 and IL-27 receptor complexes, respectively. p35 was efficiently secreted in complex with p40 as IL-12 but not with EBI3 as IL-35 in several transfected cell lines tested which complicates the analysis of IL-35 signal transduction. p35 and p40 but not p35 and EBI3 form an inter-chain disulfide bridge. Mutation of the responsible cysteine residue (p40C197A) reduced IL-12 formation and activity only slightly. Importantly, the p40C197A mutation prevented the formation of antagonistic p40 homodimers which enabled the in vitro reconstitution of biologically active IL-12 with p35 produced in bacteria (p35bac). Reconstitution of IL-35 with p35bac and EBI3 did, however, fail to induce signal transduction in Ba/F3 cells expressing IL-12Rβ2 and gp130. In summary, we describe the in vitro reconstitution of IL-12, but fail to produce recombinant IL-35 by this novel approach.
Filtering spam with behavioral blacklisting (2007)

Spam filters often use the reputation of an IP address (or IP address range) to classify email senders. This approach worked well when most spam originated from senders with fixed IP addresses, but spam today is also sent from IP addresses for which blacklist maintainers have outdated or inaccurate information (or no information at all). Spam campaigns also involve many senders, reducing the amount of spam any particular IP address sends to a single domain; this method allows spammers to stay "under the radar". The dynamism of any particular IP address begs for blacklisting techniques that automatically adapt as the senders of spam change.
Supplementary Tables 1-3 from CCT241533 Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of CHK2 that Potentiates the Cytotoxicity of PARP Inhibitors (2023)

Supplementary Tables 1-3 from CCT241533 Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of CHK2 that Potentiates the Cytotoxicity of PARP Inhibitors
Time-frequency localized CDMA for downlink multi-carrier systems (2003)

An OFDM-CDMA system that utilizes the channel-correlation in both time and frequency to reduce multiple access interference is proposed. The mutually orthogonal Walsh-Hadamard codes are used for spreading, and in order for the codewords to stay orthogonal at the receiver the channel must be flat in both time and frequency. A frequency-selective fading channel will, however, distort the codewords and thus introduce correlation. The proposed system, time-frequency localized CDMA (TFL-CDMA), places the codewords in blocks on the time-frequency-grid in a such a way that the difference in scaling of the codeword chips is reduced. The proposed system is found to outperform competing schemes, such as multi-carrier (MC) and multi-carrier direct-sequence CDMA (MCDS), in terms of bit error rate. The MC- and MCDS-CDMA systems are shown to be special cases of the proposed scheme.
Redox-Active Phosphorus Ligands Bearing a [4Fe−4C] Core Substituent (2009)

Reaction of [(η5-C5H4Me)4Fe4(HCCH)(HCCBr)](PF6) (1) with HPPh2 in the presence of NEt3, followed by treatment of [Cp2Co], afforded [(η5-C5H4Me)4Fe4(HCCH)(HCC−PPh2)] (2). The electron-rich [4Fe−4C] core substituent leads to the extremely electron-releasing character of the phosphine part, estimated by the JPSe coupling constant of the corresponding selenide [(η5-C5H4Me)4Fe4(HCCH)(HCC−P(Se)Ph2)] (3). Reaction of 2 with [AuCl(SMe2)] gave [(η5-C5H4Me)4Fe4(HCCH)(HCC−P(AuCl)Ph2)] (4). The cyclic voltammogram of 4 shows two reversible one-electron oxidation waves, indicating the existence of one- and two-electron oxidized forms.
A physics-based modeling approach for the simulation of anomalous boron diffusion and clustering behaviors (2002)

Boron doped structures are difficult to model due to transient enhanced diffusion (TED) and defect driven clustering. The purpose of this work is to develop a new model which predicts both the defect enhanced diffusion and the defect enhanced clustering. This will enable better prediction of both threshold adjust implants and shallow boron profiles for P+ source/drain structures. This paper presents a novel approach to the development of predictive boron diffusion and clustering models based upon fundamental physical calculations performed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories. A continuum model has been developed, based entirely upon these energetic calculations, which is capable of accurately simulating the diffusion, clustering and subsequent reactivation of boron for a wide variety of implant and anneal conditions. As a direct consequence of this work, a mechanism has been discovered which has been shown capable of accurately modeling the surface dose loss of boron in silicon following the annealing of damage induced by shallow boron implants.
List of Major Symbols (2005)

In certain instances, symbols in this book are used to denote different meanings to preserve conformity with those commonly accepted in the literature.Those symbols whose usage is restricted to certain chapters are so indicated.Some minor symbols are defined in the text where applicable and are not included in this list.In designated sections, nomenclature has been simplified to avoid complicated formatting.Helmholtz free energy normalization constant (Chapter 7) unstretched cross-sectional area Zimm matrix entanglement parameter atomic radii (Chapter 7) mean square end-to-end distance of submolecule radius of the dielectric sphere shift factor 3kT/a2ps (Chapter 3) 3nI2/2 capacitance (Chapter 7 ) capacitance in vacuum constant pressure heat capacity constant volume heat capacity reference capacitance sample capacitance WLF parameters
Mobile domains in ribosomes revealed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. (1984)

Ribosomes and subunits from eukaryotic and prokaryotic sources were studied by high-resolution proton magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. If all ribosomal components are firmly bound within the particle, then only broad spectra would be expected. However, relatively sharp resonances were found both in ribosomal subunits and in 70 or 80 S ribosomes. The regions of these mobile protein domains have been partially assigned in Escherichia coli ribosomes. Large and small ribosomal subunits were treated to remove selectively proteins L7/12 and S1, respectively. Sharp proton magnetic resonance spectra were not observed for the stripped large subunit showing that proteins L7/12 comprise the flexible protein region and that there is little other flexibility in the stripped subunit. Complete removal of S1 from the small subunit greatly reduced but did not abolish the sharp protein resonance peaks, indicating that protein S1 contains a substantial flexible component but that other flexible components remain in the stripped small subunit. Evidence for generality of these features of ribosome organization is provided by similar studies on ribosomes from eukaryotic sources.
Re-examination on the Inscriptions on the Iron Virocana Buddha Statues in the Late Period of Shilla (2022)

신라 하대 철불들의 명문은 당시의 사회 변화와 불교계의 모습을 알려주는 자료로 많은 관심을 받아왔다. 하지만 명문의 판독과 해석에는 아직도 명확하지 않은 점이 적지 않다. 이 글에서는 새로운 자료들을 토대로 불교 용어와 개념들에 주의하면서 신라 하대 철불 3점의 명문 내용을 새롭게 판독하고 해석해 보았다.BR 보림사 불상 명문에 대해서는 단어가 중복될 때에 본래 글자와 疊字符를 교대로 적는 모습이 나타나고 있음을 지적하였고, 기존에 ‘躬作不覺勞困也’로 판독하여 ‘몸소 일하였지만 피곤함을 느끼지 못하였다’고 해석되었던 구절을 ‘躬辨不覺勞困也’로 새롭게 읽어 ‘(국왕이) 직접 비용을 부담해주어 (공사에) 어려움을 느끼지 못하였다’로 해석하였다.BR 도피안사 불상 명문에 대해서는 제4~5행 부분이 7언 4구의 銘文, 즉 게송으로 구성되었음을 밝히고 이 부분을 새롭게 해석하였다. 또 그동안 侍士 혹은 伯士로 판독된 부분과 居士로 판독된 부분을 각기 化士와 辰土로 새롭게 판독하고 그에 기초하여 본 불상이 ▨龍岳의 堅淸이 化士가 되어 辰土의 1천 5백인의 협조를 받아 조성된 것으로 해석하였다.BR 삼화사 노사나불상 명문에 대해서는 제1행의 人으로 판독된 글자를 八로 고쳐 읽어 명문에 중앙아시아 지역에 있는 疏勒이 언급된 이유를 밝혔고, 제4행의 ‘白’을 ‘由’로 읽어 명문에 언급된 決言 대대덕이 불상 조성에 담당한 역할을 새롭게 이해하였다.BR 이상의 새로운 판독과 해석을 통해 신라 하대 철불들의 조성 과정 및 조성에 참여한 사람들의 신앙 내용에 대해 새로운 사실들을 확인할 수 있었다.
Total Hemispherical Emissivity of SS 316L with Simulated Very High Temperature Reactor Surface Conditions (2017)

Type 316L stainless steel (SS 316L) is a candidate material for the reactor core barrel and selected internal components for high (and very high) temperature gas reactors. An apparatus constructed in accordance with the standard ASTM C835-06 was used for measuring total hemispherical emissivity of this material for the following surface conditions: (1) “as-received” from the manufacturer, (2) sandblasted with alumina beads, (3) sandblasted and coated with IG-11 nuclear-grade graphite powder, and (4) oxidized in air at 973 K for different durations. The emissivity of the as-received samples increased from 0.25 at 436 K to 0.36 at 1166 K. Sandblasting with 60-grit–sized alumina beads increased the emissivity from 0.32 to 0.44 in the temperature range from 561 to 1095 K. The emissivity continued to increase with sandblasting with 120- and 220-grit alumina beads, despite decrease in surface area associated with the more finely sized alumina beads. The coating of IG-11 graphite powder further increased the emissivity of the sandblasted surfaces. Following a similar trend, the IG-11–coated surfaces sandblasted by 120- and 220-grit alumina had an emissivity from 0.42 at 540 K to 0.57 at 1075 K. Electron micrographs showed more deposition of IG-11 powder on the 120- and 220-grit sandblasted surfaces. Oxidation in air at 973 K for 5 min also increased the emissivity of SS 316 L. Oxidations for 10 and 15 min provided an additional increase, but it was not as significant. Analysis indicates that spallation of oxide layer occurred between 10 and 15 min oxidation. This is consistent with studies on the time variation of total normal emissivity of SS 316L for oxidation at similar temperature.
Structural characterization of porous low-k thin films prepared by different techniques using x-ray porosimetry (2004)

Three different types of porous low-k dielectric films, with similar dielectric constants, are characterized using x-ray porosimetry (XRP). XRP is used to extract critical structural information, such as the average density, wall density, porosity, and pore size distribution. The materials include a plasma-enhanced-chemical-vapor-deposited carbon-doped oxide film composed of Si, C, O, and H (SiCOH) and two spin cast silsesquioxane type films—methylsilsesquioxane with a polymeric porogen (porous MSQ) and hydrogensilsesquioxane with a high boiling point solvent (porous HSQ). The porous SiCOH film displays the smallest pore sizes, while porous HSQ film has both the highest density wall material and porosity. The porous MSQ film exhibits a broad range of pores with the largest average pore size. We demonstrate that the average pore size obtained by the well-established method of neutron scattering and x-ray reflectivity is in good agreement with the XRP results.
Reduced neonatal lung function and wheezing illnesses during the first 5 years of life (2012)

Studies of reduced neonatal lung function and wheezing illnesses during childhood show conflicting results. The aim of our study was to assess the association between resistance (Rrs) and compliance (Crs) of the respiratory system by using the single occlusion technique (SOT) and prospectively collected wheezing illnesses during the first 5 years of life in a large birth cohort. SOT was performed during natural sleep before the age of 2 months. Information about wheezing illnesses was collected from the electronic patient file. 549 infants had a successful SOT measurement and complete medical records. Every kPa·L(-1)·s(-1) increase in Rrs was associated with 10% more consultations in the first 3 years of life. Every 10 mL·kPa(-1) increase in Crs was associated with a 14% reduction in consultations in the first 3 years of life, 27% in the fourth to fifth years of life, and a lower probability of having asthma at the age of 5 years (OR 0.66). Children with late-onset or persistent wheezing had significant lower Crs values than their peers. An increased neonatal resistance is associated with more wheezing illnesses during infancy, while a reduced neonatal compliance is associated with more wheezing illnesses during the first 5 years of life, a late-onset or persistent wheezing phenotype, and asthma.
Facile and sustainable functionalization of graphene layers with pyrrole compounds (2017)

Abstract A facile and sustainable functionalization of graphene layers was performed with pyrrole compounds (PyC) prepared through the Paal–Knorr reaction of a primary amine with 2,5-hexanedione. A good number of primary amines were used: hexanamine, dodecanamine, octadecanamine, 2-aminoacetic acid, 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine. The reactions were characterized by good yield, up to 96%, and indeed satisfactory atom efficiency, up to 80%. The functionalization of graphene layers was obtained by mixing PyC with a high surface area graphite and heating at a temperature range from 130°C to 150°C for 3 h. The yield of functionalization reaction was larger than 60% and also up to about 90% for the pyrrole compounds from dodecanamine and 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, respectively. The cycloaddition reaction between the graphene layers and the pyrrole compound, oxidized in two position, is proposed as working hypothesis to account for such efficient functionalization. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the structure of the graphitic substrate remained substantially unaltered, after the reaction. Stable dispersions of HSAG adducts with different PyC were prepared in solvents with different solubility parameters and HRTEM analysis showed the presence of aggregates of only few layers of graphene. Qualitative results of dispersion tests were used to calculate the Hansen sphere for the HSAG adduct with the pyrrole compound based on dodecanamine so to provide a first estimate of its Hansen solubility parameters. This work paves the way for the facile and sustainable modification of the solubility parameters of graphene layers and for the predictive assessment of their compatibility with different environments.
Recycling Construction and Demolition Residues in Clay Bricks (2021)

In recent years, the management of construction and demolition residues (CDRs) has become a major challenge for the construction industry due to the increasing volume of waste produced and its associated environmental impact. The aim of this article is to assess the effect of fine-grained fractions (&lt;0.125 mm–0.6–0.125 mm) of construction and demolition residues, obtained by industrial sorting in a CDR processing plant in Rovigo (Italy), on the technological behavior and technical performance of clay bricks. Simulating the brickmaking process on a laboratory scale, it was appraised whether the CDR additions determined any change in the main properties of both fired and unfired bricks, taking a CDR-free brick body as a reference. The results indicated that the use of CDR is technologically feasible. It is possible to obtain, through proper crushing and sorting operations, grain-sized fractions with quite homogenous chemical and mineralogical composition. The residues did affect the compositional properties, porosity and water absorption of the clay bricks. Nevertheless, the characterization of the residual-added semi-finished and fired products highlighted their good technological and mechanical properties, which allowed them to provide performances similar to those of standard bricks manufactured with raw natural materials.
End-to-End Text Recognition Using Local Ternary Patterns, MSER and Deep Convolutional Nets (2014)

Text recognition in natural scene images is an application for several computer vision applications like licence plate recognition, automated translation of street signs, help for visually impaired people or image retrieval. In this work an end-to-end text recognition system is presented. For detection an AdaBoost ensemble with a modified Local Ternary Pattern (LTP) feature-set with a post-processing stage build upon Maximally Stable Extremely Region (MSER) is used. The text recognition is done using a deep Convolution Neural Network (CNN) trained with backpropagation. The system presented outperforms state of the art methods on the ICDAR 2003 dataset in the text-detection (F-Score: 74.2%), dictionary-driven cropped-word recognition (F-Score: 87.1%) and dictionary-driven end-to-end recognition (F-Score: 72.6%) tasks.
Solution of real-world train timetabling problems (2005)

The train timetabling problem (TTP) aims at determining a timetable for a set of trains which does not violate track capacities and which satisfies some operational constraints. We concentrate on the problem of a single, one-way track linking two major stations, with a number of intermediate stations in between. In this paper, we describe the design of a train timetabling system that takes into account several additional constraints that arise in real-world applications. In particular, we address the following: (1) automatic and manual signalling of the presence of a train on a track segment between two consecutive stations; (2) station capacities, i.e. the maximum number of trains that can be present at a station at the same time; (3) a prescribed timetable for a subset of the trains, which is imposed when some of the trains are already scheduled and additional trains are to be inserted; (4) maintenance operations, which keep a track segment occupied for a given period; and (5) periodic trains, e.g. families of trains that should have the same timetable, modulo a given time interval, say one hour. Due to capacity constraints, however, the timetable may be slightly changed within the family. We present computational results on real-world instances from Ferrovie dello Stato SpA, the Italian railway company.
Nanoimprinting of Refractive Index: Patterning Subwavelength Effective Media for Flat Optics (2020)

Subwavelength effective media offer a powerful tool for tailoring optical properties on the surface of a chip but remain challenging to realize at optical frequencies owing to their demand for nanoscale features. To meet this challenge, a simple two-step method for patterning refractive index on the surface of a chip is introduced. The process is referred to as “nanoimprinting of refractive index” (NIRI) and relies on the direct nanoimprinting and plastic deformation of high-porosity mesoporous silicon thin films. This is shown to enable very wide and patternable tuning of refractive index over a range Δn ≈ 1 RIU. Investigation of the effective medium response to film compression reveals close agreement to effective medium theory only after factoring in the contribution from the nanoscaled native oxide. NIRI opens a new route for harnessing the subwavelength degree of freedom and offers the prospect of realizing high-performance and low-cost flat optics.
Temperature dependence of photoluminescence lifetimes in ordered GaInP2 (1995)

The temperature dependence of carrier lifetimes in ordered (o) GaInP2 epilayers was investigated with and without cladding layers of disordered (d) GaInP2. The extremely long lifetime of the emission that moves with laser excitation density and the shorter lifetime of the nonmoving emission persist up to T=50 and 300 K, respectively. Both decays involve localized holes. By removal of the d top layer of the double heterostructure, an enhanced hole diffusion to the surface occurs, which results in a slightly faster, nonexponential decay. It is argued that, within the nominally o layer, a type II recombination occurs and that o and d GaInP2 exhibit a type II band lineup. The appropriate band curvatures in the d top layer cause hole localization at the d side of the o–d interfaces. The minority carrier lifetime shows two-dimensional behavior between T=70 and 170 K, and decrease above 170 K.
Design of a Novel Lunar Transportation System (FLOAT) consisting of Diamagnetically-Levitated Robots on a Flexible Film Track (2023)

A durable, long-life robotic transport system will be critical to the daily operations of a sustainable lunar base in the 2030's, as envisioned in NASA's Moon to Mars plan and mission concepts like the Robotic Lunar Surface Operations 2 (RLSO2), to transport regolith mined for ISRU consumables (H2O, LOX, LH2) or construction, and transport payloads around the lunar base and to / from landing zones or other outposts. In this work, we present component analysis, preliminary experimental results, and system designs for a novel lunar transportation system, FLOAT (Flexible Levitation on a Track), that leverages diamagnetically levitated robots. Unlike current lunar robot concepts that use wheels (SEV, RASSOR), legs (Spidernaut), or hybrid wheels-on-legs for mobility, FLOAT robots are solid-state (no motors, gearboxes, or other moving parts) and consist only of permanent magnets connected in planar arrays levitating to minimize lunar dust abrasion / wear over a flexible PCB track that generates electromagnetic thrust. Results show that FLOAT robots can maintain extremely low power requirements over a range of terrains – using <5 W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> or <0.15 W/kg to carry up to 30 kg/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> payload on tracks with slopes <40° and curves >5 m in-plane radius or >25 m out-of-plane radius – and use 10-100x less power for transport than wheeled vehicles. For initial system deployment, we designed track deployments robots which can leverage existing lunar robotic systems to un- roll segments of FLOAT tracks onto the lunar regolith. Finally, system design analysis shows the FLOAT concept can serve as a complete transportation system to satisfy the volumetric flow requirements of the RLSO2 mission concept.
Depudecin: A novel compound inducing the flat phenotype of NIH3T3 cells doubly transformed by ras- and src-oncogene, produced by Alternaria brassicicola. (1992)

A novel compound depudecin inducing the flat phenotype of ras- and src- transformed NIH3T3 cells at a concentration of 1 μg/ml was isolated from the culture broth of Alternaria brassicicola. Based on its spectroscopic characteristics and X-ray crystallographic analysis of its bis-(1S)-(-)-camphanate, the structure of depudecin was determined'to be (2R, 3S, 4S, 5E, lS, 8S, 9R)-2, 9-dihydroxy3, 4;7, 8-diepoxy-undeca-5, 10-diene.
Simvastatin‐Associated Memory Loss (2001)

The statins are widely used to treat dyslipidemias. They are generally associated with mild adverse effects, but rarely, more serious reactions may occur. A 51-year-old man experienced delayed-onset, progressive memory loss while receiving simvastatin for hypercholesterolemia. His therapy was switched to pravastatin, and memory loss resolved gradually over the next month, with no recurrence of the adverse effect.