gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering DNA Self-Assemblies as Templates for Functional Nanostructures (2014)

CONSPECTUS: DNA is a well-known natural molecule that carries genetic information. In recent decades, DNA has been used beyond its genetic role as a building block for the construction of engineering materials. Many strategies, such as tile assembly, scaffolded origami and DNA bricks, have been developed to design and produce 1D, 2D, and 3D architectures with sophisticated morphologies. Moreover, the spatial addressability of DNA nanostructures and sequence-dependent recognition enable functional elements to be precisely positioned and allow for the control of chemical and biochemical processes. The spatial arrangement of heterogeneous components using DNA nanostructures as the templates will aid in the fabrication of functional materials that are difficult to produce using other methods and can address scientific and technical challenges in interdisciplinary research. For example, plasmonic nanoparticles can be assembled into well-defined configurations with high resolution limit while exhibiting desirable collective behaviors, such as near-field enhancement. Conducting metallic or polymer patterns can be synthesized site-specifically on DNA nanostructures to form various controllable geometries, which could be used for electronic nanodevices. Biomolecules can be arranged into organized networks to perform programmable biological functionalities, such as distance-dependent enzyme-cascade activities. DNA nanostructures can carry multiple cytoactive molecules and cell-targeting groups simultaneously to address medical issues such as targeted therapy and combined administration. In this Account, we describe recent advances in the functionalization of DNA nanostructures in different fashions based on our research efforts in nanophotonics, nanoelectronics, and nanomedicine. We show that DNA origami nanostructures can guide the assembly of achiral, spherical, metallic nanoparticles into nature-mimicking chiral geometries through hybridization between complementary DNA strands on the surface of nanoparticles and DNA scaffolds, to generate circular dichroism (CD) response in the visible light region. We also show that DNA nanostructures, on which a HRP-mimicking DNAzyme acts as the catalyst, can direct the site-selective growth of conductive polymer nanomaterials with template configuration-dependent doping behaviors. We demonstrate that DNA origami nanostructures can act as an anticancer-drug carrier, loading drug through intercalation, and can effectively circumvent the drug resistance of cultured cancer cells. Finally, we show a label-free strategy for probing the location and stability of DNA origami nanocarriers in cellular environments by docking turn-off fluorescence dyes in DNA double helices. These functionalizations require further improvement and expansion for realistic applications. We discuss the future opportunities and challenges of DNA based assemblies. We expect that DNA nanostructures as engineering materials will stimulate the development of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research.
C(sp3)‐18F‐Bindungsbildung durch übergangsmetallvermittelte [18F]Fluorierung (2014)

Ohne jede Spur? Jüngste Fortschritte bei aliphatischen Radiofluorierungen umfassen die Verwendung von Übergangsmetallen, insbesondere Cobalt-Salen- und Mangan-Salen-Komplexen. Diese neuen Ansätze vermeiden den Einsatz von aktivierten Substraten und bieten neuartige Synthesestrategien für 18F-markierte Radiotracer.
Polychlorinated biphenyls: Correlation between in vivo and in vitro quantitative structure‐activity relationships (QSARs) (1985)

The in vivo quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for several polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in the immature male Wistar rat. The ED25 and ED50 values for hepatic microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) induction as well as for body weight loss and for thymic atrophy were determined for nine PCB congeners and 4'-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl. The most active compounds were the coplanar PCB congeners, 3,3',4,4',5-penta- and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl; for example, their ED50 values for body weight loss were 3.25 and 15.1 mumol/kg, respectively. The in vivo toxicity of the coplanar PCB, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, was significantly lower (ED50 for body weight loss = 730 mumol/kg) than the values observed for the more highly chlorinated homologs, and this was consistent with the more rapid metabolism of the lower chlorinated congener. The dose-response biologic and toxic effects of several mono-ortho-chloro-substituted analogs of the coplanar PCBs, including 2,3,4,4'5-, 2,3,3',4,4'-, 2',3,4,4',5- and 2,3',4,4',5-penta-, 2,3,3',4,4',5- and 2,3,3',4,4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl were also determined, and members of this group of compounds were all less toxic than 3,3',4,4',5-penta and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl. There was a good rank order correlation between the in vivo QSAR data and the in vitro QSARs for PCBs that were developed from their relative receptor binding affinities and potencies as inducers of AHH and EROD in rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells in culture. These results are consistent with the proposed receptor-mediated mechanism of action for PCBs. In addition, for this series of halogenated biphenyls there was a linear correlation between their in vivo toxicity in rats and their in vitro monooxygenase enzyme induction results. Assuming that the in vivo toxic responses in the rat are representative toxic responses to PCBs, then these results support the predictive utility of the in vitro bioassay with rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells as a short-term test system for the potential toxicity of this class of halogenated aryl hydrocarbons.
On–Off Scheduling for Electric Vehicle Charging in Two-Links Charging Stations Using Binary Optimization Approaches (2021)

In this study, we deal with the problem of scheduling charging periods of electrical vehicles (EVs) to satisfy the users' demands for energy consumption as well as to optimally utilize the available power. We assume three-phase EV charging stations, each equipped with two charging ports (links) that can serve up to two EVs in the scheduling period but not simultaneously. Considering such a specification, we propose an on-off scheduling scheme wherein control over an energy flow is achieved by flexibly switching the ports in each station on and off in a manner such as to satisfy the energy demand of each EV, flatten the high energy-consuming load on the whole farm, and to minimize the number of switching operations. To satisfy these needs, the on-off scheduling scheme is formulated in terms of a binary linear programming problem, which is then extended to a quadratic version to incorporate the smoothness constraints. Various algorithmic approaches are used for solving a binary quadratic programming problem, including the Frank-Wolfe algorithm and successive linear approximations. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the latter is scalable, efficient, and flexible in a charging procedure, and it shaves the load peak while maintaining smooth charging profiles.
Summary and Perspective (1995)

The earlier chapters of this volume have attempted to identify potential new target molecules that may represent useful cancer markers and have provided information regarding their biological function as well as the potential or actual clinical utilization to the extent that such information is known. These candidate tumor markers reflect alterations in antigenic composition and alterations in gene expression and gene structure. A listing of some of the antigenic and genetic alterations judged to be most promising is presented in Table 1. Which of these will ultimately be incorporated into clinical practice is unknown. Selection of more effective tumor markers will lead to improvement in the quality of patient care, whereas selection of ineffective markers will inflate health care costs without perceived benefit. The latter will serve to cast added doubt on the usefulness for supporting development of new markers in the future.
Use of optical spectrograpiuc15N-analyses to trace nitrogen applied at tile heading stage of rice (1972)

Abstract In the recent decades experimental work has led to the accumulation of vast quantities of valuable data on mineral nutrition of plants through the use of isotopic tracers. However, only limited research has been done with nitrogen presumably because of the high costs of instrumentation and isotopes. A few Investlgatlons on the distribution and accumulation of nitrogen have been reported using mass spectrographic method. For example, Ozaki et al. (1) observed a larger distribution of ammonical nitrogen administered before heading, Into ears, culms, and boot leaves in contrast with other plant parts. They further noted that 35% of the nitrogen applied after heading was found in the ears (2).
Exercise modulates myocardial protein kinase B/Akt in Zucker obese rats (2005)

In type 2 diabetes, heart muscle is insulin resistant. Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt) acts as a mediator of the metabolic effects of insulin, including translocation of the insulin sensitive glucose transporter, GLUT4, in a manner dependent on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-K).1 We have previously described dysregulation of PKB/Akt in hearts from a rat model of type 2 diabetes, the Zucker fa/fa rat.2

Exercise or contraction of heart muscle does not activate PKB/Akt or PI-3-K but can induce GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake.3 However, exercise alleviates peripheral insulin resistance at a currently unknown, post-receptor level. To better understand the mechanism whereby this may be accomplished, we investigated whether chronic exercise will induce beneficial changes in the regulation of PKB/Akt that translates into improved myocardial insulin stimulated glucose uptake.

To accomplish this, we subjected Zucker fa/fa rats (20 weeks old at the beginning of training) and a control group of age matched Wistar rats, to an exercise training programme, and documented changes in glucose uptake, myocardial GLUT4, and PKB/Akt expression and phosphorylation, in …
Clipping Noise Mitigation by Adaptive Nulling and Nondata-Aided Compensation in Coded OFDM (2020)

Signal clipping is one of the simplest, yet effective method used to reduce the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. However, clipping generates nonlinear distortion that causes spectral broadening and deteriorates the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the OFDM system. This paper proposes a technique that incorporates Reed Solomon encoding and a feedback-based puncturing procedure to adaptively mitigate the clipping distortion on the OFDM spectrum and remove the out-of-band broadening caused by the intentional clipping. The new technique also employs a classical decision-aided method to iteratively compensate the residual frequency-domain distortion on data subcarriers. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the new technique in improving the BER of an OFDM system with various block sizes and practical clipping constraints.
Whole breast radiotherapy in cN0 early breast cancer patients with pathological sentinel lymph nodes (pN1mic, pN1a) without axillary dissection: preliminary results of the observational LISEN trial (2022)

Our results showed good regional control in patients who met the Z0011 trial criteria. WBRT, without nodal surgery or RT, avoiding axillary morbidity, seems to be a good choice.
Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase-1 instigates the expression of DNA methyltransferase-3a in angioplasty-induced restenosis (2018)

Increased expression of DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) associates with the progression of many human diseases. Because DNMT1 induces cell proliferation, drugs that inhibit DNMT1 have been used to treat proliferative diseases. Because these drugs are nonspecific inhibitors of DNMT1, subsidiary events or the compensatory mechanisms that are activated in the absence of DNMT1 limit their therapeutic application. Here, we studied the molecular mechanisms that occur during angioplasty-induced restenosis and found that DNMT1 inhibition in both in vitro and in vivo approaches resulted in the induction of DNA methyltransferase-3a (DNMT3a) expression. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the microRNA hsa-miR-1264 mimic, specifically inhibiting DNMT1, induced nuclear expression of DNMT3a. On the contrary, there was no induced expression of DNMT3a in VSMCs that were transfected with hsa-miR-1264 inhibitor. Further, ectopic expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) through adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene delivery in the coronary arteries of Yucatan microswine showed inhibition of both DNMT1 and DNMT3a in vivo. These findings show the existence of an inter-regulatory mechanism between DNMT1 and DNMT3a where, in the absence of DNMT1, induction of DNMT3a compensates for the loss of DNMT1 functions, suggesting that the inhibition of both DNMT1 and DNMT3a are required to prevent restenosis.
Lignin Based Electrospun Carbon Fiber Anode for Sodium Ion Batteries (2019)

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are emerging as an alternative battery technology to lithium ion batteries because they have the potential of having a similar energy density and the advantage of sodium being more environmentally friendly than lithium. Hard carbon has been shown to be one of the best candidates as anode material for SIBs. However, several challenges need to be solved before commercializing SIBs such as finding cheaper and more efficient precursors to produce hard carbon and increasing the stability of hard carbon electrodes with the electrolyte. Herein, we report a new bio-based free standing electrode made from lignin based electrospun carbon fibers (LCFs) with a high specific capacity of 310 mAh.g−1 and a first coulombic efficiency of 89%. By using high precision coulometry on the LCFs at different carbonization temperatures, it was found that the cycling stability was dependent on the carbonization temperature. The results show that LCFs are a viable and renewable source to be used as anodes in future SIBs.
Effects of miglustat therapy on neurological disorder and survival in early- infantile Niemann-Pick disease type C: a national French retrospective study (2023)

Abstract Background Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare neurovisceral lysosomal lipid storage disease characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and premature death. While miglustat can stabilize neurological manifestations in later onset forms of NP-C, its efficacy in the early-infantile neurological form has not been demonstrated. In this observational retrospective study, we compared long-term neurodevelopmental outcome and survival between an untreated and a treated group of early infantile NP-C patients. Method Data available on all NP-C patients with early infantile neurological onset diagnosed in France between 1990 and 2013 were compiled. Patients with incomplete data or who had died from a systemic perinatal, rapidly fatal form were excluded. Results Ten patients were included in the treated group (year of birth: 2006–2012), and 16 patients in the untreated group [born 1987–2005 (n=15), 2012 (n=1)]. The median age at neurological onset was 9 months (5–18) in the treated group, and 12 months (3–18) in the untreated group (p=0.22). Miglustat therapy was started at a median age of 24.5 months (9–29) and median duration was 30 months (11–56). Gastrointestinal adverse events were reported in 7/10 patients on miglustat. All patients developed loss of psychomotor acquisitions or additional neurological symptoms despite miglustat therapy. The ages of developmental milestones and neurological involvement did not significantly differ between the two groups. Four patients in the untreated group were lost to follow up. The 22 remaining patients had died by the end of the study and no patient survived beyond the age of 7.4 years. The median survival age was 4.42 years in the untreated group and 5.56 years in the treated group; the Kaplan-Meier survival curves were not significantly different (log-rank test: p=0.11). Conclusions Miglustat allowed no significant long-term neurodevelopmental improvement nor significant increase of survival in patients with early infantile NP-C.
End-of-Life Heavy Metal Releases from Photovoltaic Panels and Quantum Dot Films: Hazardous Waste Concerns or Not? (2018)

To determine if there are potential concerns related to the environmental end-of-life impacts of photovoltaic (PV) or quantum-dot display (QD) technologies, the goal of this study was to assess the magnitude of heavy metal leaching using simulated landfill methodologies from devices in an attempt to forecast the lifecycle environmental impacts of subsequent generations QD-enabled PV technologies. The underlying hypotheses are (H1) existing PV and QD thin-film technologies do not release heavy metals at concentrations exceeding RCRA or State of California regulatory limits, and (H2) the disposal of PV and QD thin-film technologies does not exceed Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR). Three task-oriented objectives were completed: (O1) Five representative PV panels and two representative thin-film displays with QD technology were obtained from commercial sources. (O2) RCRA Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) tests and California Waste Extraction Tests (WET) were conducted in addition to microwave-assisted nitric acid digestion. (O3) Results were compared to the existing regulatory limits to examine the potential environmental end-of-life concerns. The heavy metal concentrations obtained from PV panels and QD thin-film displays when exposed to simulated landfill environments and extreme case leaching scenarios were generally several orders of magnitude lower than the promulgated standards and probably not of major concerns related to end-of-life safe disposal of these commercially available products. With exception to the findings for lead under the RCRA rules, the results confirmed that PV and QD thin-film technologies do not release heavy metals at concentrations exceeding RCRA or State of California characteristic hazardous waste regulatory limits. However, lead, mercury, and potentially other heavy metal releases have to be monitored to ensure that the disposal of this type of waste is in compliance with RCRA’s LDR requirements and universal treatment standards because the second underlying hypothesis could not be completely supported for the leaching of these heavy metals. It could be anticipated that newer and more sophisticated soldering materials and approaches in the next generation of PV panels would significantly reduce the use of RCRA heavy metals or nanomaterials. However, although the generated data is limited to these representative PV and QD technologies and as such should not be considered applicable to the entire gamete of present-day technologies, these findings suggest that their release from future PV QD technologies would likely be greater from non-end-of-life processes than from traditional land disposal routes.
A two-dimensional numerical analysis of a silicon npn-transistor (1972)

For today's transistors made by sophisticated technology the first order transistor theory leads to results which do not compare well with experimental results. In an effort to overcome this situation Gummel for the first time used a digital computer to give a unified exact treatment of one dimensional device performance. This paper treats the two dimensional case, which is to be considered if lateral current effects are to be explained. A set of three nonlinear partial differential equations describing the flow of carriers within the transistor under steady state conditions is formulated and solved in an iterative scheme. Realistic geometries, doping profiles, recombination parameters and terminal voltages are used in the device description. The idealized subdivision into emitter, base and collector regions separated by space charge layers is avoided. The potential distribution and the electron and hole distribution within the transistor are calculated. Two dimensional plots of these quantities are shown. A number of questions, such as lateral base voltage drops and inhomogenous collector current density, which arise from spreading effects and call for a solution in at least two spatial dimensions are treated.
Table S3 and S4 from Zebrafish: Speeding Up the Cancer Drug Discovery Process (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This file contains supplemental tables of zebrafish cancer models induced by chemical mutagenesis and by gene editing techniques&lt;/p&gt;
Affecting factors to oral scaling experience of the part worker (2011)

ABSTRACTObjectives: This study was to investigate into company workers’oral scali ng related factors and enhance a rateof oral scaling.Methods: From August 2010, self-administered questionnaires of the abo ut general question items, oral healthrelation factors, knowledge of periodontal disease for oral scaling performed, in 267 people worker objects.Results : The followings are the findingd of this research.First, Oral scaling experiences were responded by 205 people(76 .8%). Among those prevention the case whichenforces with a goal periodically 6 month period 7.3% and the p eriod of 1 years is 28.8%, be most inconvenient iscold(50.7%), with motive is dentistry visits inducement for to oth therapy which 51.2%. Non experience in oralscaling was responded by 62 people(23.2%), 45.2% of whom answered they had no necessity for such treatment. Second, Knowledge of periodontal disease is ‘dental calculus and stain loses toothbrush quality did eagerly ’incorrect one right answer ratio is highest with 86.5%, ‘Becoming the adult being made to draw out tooth is peri-odontitis than decay’was incorrect one right answer rate was lowest with 62.9%. Third, The workers’sex, service field, one month average income , Currently the oral inconvenient presence, oralhealth Interest degree, tooth brushing method, knowledge of pe riodontitis have a significant effect on their oralscaling experience. Conclusions: When seeing with result of above, it is necessary of the oral scaling widely with the method whichis various includes a mass communication by causing the changes in the perception of oral scaling. The dentalhygienist is inconvenience from oral scaling experience have in terest when is possible the patient comfortably, inorder could be operated, endeavors demanded.Keywords: oral scaling experience, worker색인: 스케일링경험, 영향, 직장인
Auditory function (2022)

This chapter discusses the anatomic basis of the auditory functions, and symptoms and signs caused by its impairment, and representative diseases or syndromes presenting with hearing disturbance.
Bi-Directional Cascade Network for Perceptual Edge Detection (2019)

Exploiting multi-scale representations is critical to improve edge detection for objects at different scales. To extract edges at dramatically different scales, we propose a Bi-Directional Cascade Network (BDCN) structure, where an individual layer is supervised by labeled edges at its specific scale, rather than directly applying the same supervision to all CNN outputs. Furthermore, to enrich multi-scale representations learned by BDCN, we introduce a Scale Enhancement Module (SEM) which utilizes dilated convolution to generate multi-scale features, instead of using deeper CNNs or explicitly fusing multi-scale edge maps. These new approaches encourage the learning of multi-scale representations in different layers and detect edges that are well delineated by their scales. Learning scale dedicated layers also results in compact network with a fraction of parameters. We evaluate our method on three datasets, i.e., BSDS500, NYUDv2, and Multicue, and achieve ODS Fmeasure of 0.828, 1.3% higher than current state-of-the art on BSDS500. The code has been available at https://github.com/pkuCactus/BDCN.