gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attentive Filtering Networks for Audio Replay Attack Detection (2018)

An attacker may use a variety of techniques to fool an automatic speaker verification system into accepting them as a genuine user. Anti-spoofing methods meanwhile aim to make the system robust against such attacks. The ASVspoof 2017 Challenge focused specifically on replay attacks, with the intention of measuring the limits of replay attack detection as well as developing countermeasures against them. In this work, we propose our replay attacks detection system - Attentive Filtering Network, which is composed of an attention-based filtering mechanism that enhances feature representations in both the frequency and time domains, and a ResNet-based classifier. We show that the network enables us to visualize the automatically acquired feature representations that are helpful for spoofing detection. Attentive Filtering Network attains an evaluation EER of 8.99$\%$ on the ASVspoof 2017 Version 2.0 dataset. With system fusion, our best system further obtains a 30$\%$ relative improvement over the ASVspoof 2017 enhanced baseline system.
Radio-physical properties of micelle leucodye 3D integrating gel dosimeters (2011)

Recently, novel radiochromic leucodye micelle hydrogel dosimeters were introduced in the literature. In these studies, gel measured electron depth dose profiles were compared with ion chamber depth dose data, from which it was concluded that leucocrystal violet-type dosimeters were independent of dose rate. Similar conclusions were drawn for leucomalachite green-type dosimeters, only after pre-irradiating the samples to a homogeneous radiation dose. However, in our extensive study of the radio-physical properties of leucocrystal violet- and leucomalachite green-type dosimeters, a significant dose rate dependence was found. For a dose rate variation between 50 and 400 cGy min(-1), a maximum difference of 75% was found in optical dose sensitivity for the leucomalachite green-type dosimeter. Furthermore, the measured optical dose sensitivity of the leucomalachite green-type dosimeter was four times lower than the value previously reported in the literature. For the leucocrystal violet-type dosimeter, a maximum difference in optical dose sensitivity of 55% was found between 50 and 400 cGy min(-1). A modified composition of the leucomalachite green-type dosimeter is proposed. This dosimeter is composed of gelatin, sodium dodecyl sulfate, chloroform, trichloroacetic acid and leucomalachite green. The optical dose sensitivity amounted to 4.375 × 10(-5) cm(-1) cGy(-1) (dose rate 400 cGy min(-1)). No energy dependence for photon energies between 6 and 18 MV was found. No temperature dependence during readout was found notwithstanding a temperature dependence during irradiation of 1.90 cGy °C(-1) increase on a total dose of 100 cGy. The novel gel dosimeter formulation exhibits an improved spatial stability (2.45 × 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1) (= 0.088 mm(2) h(-1))) and good water/soft tissue equivalence. Nevertheless, the novel formulation was also found to have a significant, albeit reduced, dose rate dependence, as a maximum difference of 33% was found in optical dose sensitivity when the dose rate varied between 50 and 400 cGy min(-1). By pre-irradiating the novel leucomalachite green-type dosimeter to 500 cGy, the apparent difference in dose response between 200 and 400 cGy min(-1) was eliminated, similar to earlier findings. However, a dose response difference of 38% between 50 and 200 cGy min(-1) was still measured. On the basis of these experimental results it is concluded that the leucodye micelle gel dosimeter is not yet optimal for dose verifications of high precision radiation therapy treatments. This study, however, indicates that the dose rate dependence has a potential for improvement. Future research is necessary to further minimize the dose rate dependence through extensive chemical analysis and optimization of the gel formulation. Some insights into the physicochemical mechanisms were obtained and are discussed in this paper.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Transforming Growth Factor-β Activation Promotes Genetic Context–Dependent Invasion of Immortalized Melanocytes (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Transforming Growth Factor-β Activation Promotes Genetic Context–Dependent Invasion of Immortalized Melanocytes
Transverse slot radiator in the ground-plane of enclosed stripline (1997)

A number of enclosed stripline fed cavity-backed slot radiators were constructed and their operating characteristics studied. Five of the models had various strip offsets, X2, while the other three models incorporated changes of stripline characteristic impedance. This work has shown that it is possible to match the impedance of the feedline to the impedance of the slot radiator by an optimum choice of either strip offset or strip width. The model is best applied to models with relatively wide strip widths.
Peak power reduction in OFDM and DMT via active channel modification (2003)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and discrete multitone (DMT) modulation offer many advantages for digital data transmission and have been adopted for several important standards. Their primary drawback is a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAR). Methods which introduce compensation signals in unused channels, first developed by Gatherer and Polley (see Proceedings of the 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, p.578-84, 1997), are among the more promising methods for reducing the PAR. However these methods apply only to systems with unused channels or require the sacrifice of data rate for PAR reduction. We present a new method for PAR reduction using active (data-carrying) channels which dynamically moves outer constellation points, within margin-preserving constraints, to minimize the peak magnitude. This scheme simultaneously decreases the bit error rate slightly while substantially reducing the peak magnitude; simulations show peak reductions of slightly more than 6 dB.
Two Mutually Enabling Trends: Continuous Bioprocessing and Single‐Use Technologies (2017)

This chapter reviews the synergies and analogies between the rise of single-use technologies in the biopharmaceutical industry and the advent of continuous bioprocessing. The first, and still the most successful, single-use applications in the field of chromatography involve membrane adsorbers. The best known example is probably the use of the membrane adsorber with Q-functionality (strong anion exchange, based on quaternary ammonium group) for removal of impurities such as endotoxins, host cell proteins, and viruses. The chapter presents some case studies that provide proof of principle for integrated continuous bioprocessing. The development and scale-up of single-use bioreactor technologies followed the titer increase reasonably well, but for continuous downstream processing, the need for a more efficient manufacturing strategy is immediate. As a result, one should expect that the adoption of continuous downstream processing would not necessarily have to take the same time that it took for single-use bioreactors.
PZT-Induced Lamb Waves and Pattern Recognition for On-Line Health Monitoring of Jointed Steel Plates (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Anthropometric Predictors of Coronary Heart Disease and Total Mortality: Findings from the US Railroad Study (1991)

Prospective data from the US Railroad Study were used to investigate the relations of several anthropometric variables to coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality in males initially free of cardiovascular disease. Middle-aged men were examined in 1957-1960 and followed until 1977 or death. Anthropometric indicators of total body fat (body mass index and the sum of the subscapular and triceps skinfolds) and central body fat (the ratios chest circumference/biacromial (shoulder) diameter, and chest circumference/standing height) were significantly and directly associated with age-adjusted coronary heart disease mortality. When systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and vital capacity were also taken into account, the ratio chest circumference/biacromial diameter remained significantly associated with coronary heart disease mortality. Total, central, and peripheral body fat had a "U"-shaped relation with all-cause mortality. Measures of the ratio of central to peripheral body fat were inconsistently related to mortality. These results indicate that certain anthropometric measurements, especially those that may indicate central adiposity, are positively related to the development of fatal coronary heart disease and quadratically related to all-causes death rates.
The Importance of Design Validation in Global Health Surgical Innovation (2018)

Assessment of design requirements and specifications in the global environment improves medical device design quality and safety. This study validates environmental immersion in the target use environment early to ensure validation of user needs and design specifications during design conception.
Membrane Coalescence for Phase Separation of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Surfactants and Dispersed into Smallest Droplets (2001)

In the field of chemical engineering separation processes, such as extraction or distillation of heteroazeotropes, severe problems exist in phase separation of oil/water dispersions containing very small droplets. This is expecially true if the bulk phases contain surfactants stabilizing the interface and thus inhibit coalescence. The present work was aimed at investigating a novel technique of phase separation due to “membrane coalescence” for various emulsions stabilized by diverse surfactants in order to clarify the performance as well as the operational limitations.
High performance metal-insulator-metal capacitor using a SrTiO3/ZrO2 bilayer (2009)

Future integration of metal-insulator-metal capacitors requires devices with high capacitance density and low quadratic voltage coefficient of capacitance (α). A major problem is that the increase in capacitance density is usually accompanied by increased voltage nonlinearities. By combining two high-k materials with opposite α, it is demonstrated that it is possible to obtain capacitors with both high capacitance density and minimal nonlinearity. A SrTiO3/ZrO2 bilayer was used to elaborate capacitors displaying a voltage coefficient of −60 ppm/V2 associated with a density of 11.5 fF/μm2. These devices constitute excellent candidates for the next generation of metal-insulator-metal capacitors.
SATURNE: a reactive-anytime programming model for intelligent embedded real-time systems (2002)

One of the major challenge of next embedded systems is to involve intelligence while preserving the classical real-time properties: (a) reactivity, i.e. the capability to react continuously towards asynchronous inputs, and (b) predictability. Furthermore, one of the main property which is requested in this kind of systems operating in a highly non-deterministic outside environment, is adaptability to new and unexpected conditions, and particularly to dynamic temporal deadlines. Strong predictability often means that it should be possible to prove both the functional and temporal behavior of a system, in response to any combination of signals from outside environment, and particularly to prove that critical tasks meet their deadlines. On the contrary, in non-deterministic environments involving dynamic timing constraints, the assumption that critical tasks meet their deadlines can not be guaranteed. In that sense, strong predictability and adaptability are contradictory requirements. Furthermore, intelligence often means complex computations. In that sense reactivity and punctuality seem also to be incompatible with reasoning capabilities. The aim of this paper is to investigate a programming model, called SATURNE, addressing the issue of intelligent real-time systems, that is how to mix adaptability, reactivity and predictability. We only focuses on adaptability to temporal deadlines, addressing the problem of guaranteeing a response when temporal deadlines may be statically unpredictable. SATURNE is based on a mixed reactive-anytime approach. The main idea is to introduce firstly a reactive model of computation providing predictability, and secondly an anytime model of computation providing adaptability to dynamic temporal deadlines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Corrective shoes and inserts as treatment for flexible flatfoot in infants and children (2023)

We performedaprospective study to determine whether flexible flatfoot in children can be influenced by treatment. One hundred and twenty-nine children who had been referred by pediatricians, and for whom the radiographic findings met the criteria for flatfoot, were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Group I, controls; Group II, treatment with corrective orthopaedic shoes; Group III, treatment withaHelfet heel-cup; or Group IV, treatment withacustom-molded plastic insert. All of the patients in Groups II, III, and IV hadaminimum of three years of treatment, and ninety-eight patients whose compliance with the protocol was documented completed the study. Analysis of radiographs before treatment and at the most recent follow-up demonstratedasignificant improvement in all groups (p 0.01), including the controls, and no significant difference between the controls and the treated patients (p 0.4).&#x0D; We concluded that wearing corrective shoes or inserts for three years does not influence the course of flexible flatfoot in children.
HOMOTOPY-PRESERVING MEDIAL AXIS SIMPLIFICATION (2007)

We present a novel algorithm to compute a simplified medial axis of a polyhedron. Our simplification algorithm tends to remove unstable features of Blum's medial axis. Moreover, our algorithm preserves the topological structure of the original medial axis and ensures that the simplified medial axis has the same homotopy type as Blum's medial axis. We use the separation angle formed by connecting a point on the medial axis to closest points on the boundary as a measure of the stability of the medial axis at the point. The medial axis is decomposed into its parts that are the sheets, seams and junctions. We present a stability measure of each part of the medial axis based on separation angles and examine the relation between the stability measures of adjacent parts. Our simplification algorithm uses iterative pruning of the parts based on efficient local tests. We have applied the algorithm to compute a simplified medial axis of complex models with tens of thousands of triangles and complex topologies.
Coordination catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of polymeric unsaturation (1971)

Abstract The selective hydrogenation of poly‐1,4‐butadiene in the presence of poly‐1,4‐isoprene is described. Both of these polydienes are hydrogenated more easily than polystyrene. The catalysts which effect these selective hydrogenations are made by the reaction of organoaluminum or lithium compounds with transition metal salts of 2‐ethylhexanoic acid.
Influence of Semen Collection Interval and Tactile Stimuli on Semen Quality and Sperm Output in Bulls (1969)

Most semen characteristics of eight Holstein bulls 28 to 36 months old were signiilcantly affected (P<.01) by intervals between semen collections. First and second
Argonaute 2 promotes myeloma angiogenesis via microRNA dysregulation (2014)

We conclude that AGO2 can drive neovessel formation in vitro and in vivo by dysregulating the expression of some angiogenic miRNAs. The pro-angiogenic miRNAs of the let-7 family and the miR-17/92 cluster, along with the anti-angiogenic miRNA miR-145, play crucial roles in AGO2-mediated angiogenesis by targeting angiogenesis-related genes.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa): early inflammatory events at terminal follicles and at interfollicular epidermis* (2009)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa) is a chronic suppurative and scarring inflammatory disease with predilection in the apocrine gland-bearing areas. Histological investigations in the 1990s showed keratotic occlusion of the terminal follicle structure to be the initial cause. Our investigations describe and reproduce the morphology and try to figure out very early lesions of HS. A total of 262 operative specimens from 60 patients were investigated by routine histology and 11 operative specimens by immunohistochemistry: HS is dominated by a heterogeneous histological image. 82% of the surgical specimens showed mild or pronounced follicular hyperkeratosis, whereas an isotopic hyperplasia of follicular epithelium was evident in 77%. Pronounced perifolliculitis was seen in 68% and rupture of the follicle structure in 28%. Features which had not so far been described in detail were: epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia (43%) and subepidermal interfollicular inflammatory infiltrate (78%). In all 11 specimens, immunohistochemical investigations showed a perifollicular and subepidermal inflammation of CD-3-, CD-4-, CD-68-, CD-79- and CD-8-cells, the latter with a striking selective epitheliotropism. To conclude, we could show follicular hyperkeratosis and lymphocytic perifollicular inflammation as early patterns in pathogenesis, whereas rupture of the follicle structure takes place later. Finally, it seems that there are two hot spots of inflammatory events (perifollicular and subepidermal) composed of a comparable inflammatory cell mixture. The CD-8 cell epitheliotropism (follicular and epidermal) described here and its influence in follicular hyperkeratosis, in hyperplasia of follicular epithelium and in epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia will be of further interest, for instance, concerning early pharmacological intervention.
TH‐C‐141‐05: A Simulation Study to Investigate the Potential of Using Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) to Differentiate Recurrent Tumor and Radiation Necrosis (2013)

Purpose: Investigate the potential of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to differentiate and delineate tissues with different viscoelastic properties, with the purpose of applying MRE to differentiate and delineate recurrent brain tumor and radiation necrosis. Methods: To simulate tumor or radiation necrosis inside normal brain tissue, a 10 mm radius cylindrical inclusion was modeled inside a 150×150 mm 2 rectangular prismatic domain. Typical storage modulus (2.5 kPa) and loss modulus (0.5 kPa) of brain tissue were assigned to the prismatic region. Varying tissue properties were assigned to the cylindrical region (storage modulus 0.5–5 kPa, with loss factor 0.2), mimicking the shear modulus difference between recurrent tumor and radiation necrosis. Wave propagation (30–100 Hz) was simulated in this domain, using the frequency‐domain analysis in the structural mechanics module in COMSOL Multiphysics software (COMSOL, Burlington, MA). A 3D inversion method was used to estimate tissue properties. Results: In all the simulation results, the cylindrical lesion can be identified based on the modulus difference between the region and its surroundings. The lesion boundary can be delineated based on the normalized residual error (NRE) map of the fitting procedure used for modulus estimation. The estimated complex shear modulus is close to the true value when the applied frequency is or above 60 Hz. The estimate of the storage modulus is more accurate than the loss modulus. NRE is typically maximal at the boundary of the inclusion (lesion). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of MRE to differentiate lesions with different shear moduli. The results show the possibility of using MRE to differentiate recurrent tumor from radiation necrosis, based on the difference between their moduli, and the potential of lesion delineation based on NRE at boundaries. Physical phantom studies and ex vivo mechanical testing of the tissue will be used in the future for further verification.
Templated Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Enriched Nanoporous Carbon Materials from Porogenic Organic Precursors Prepared by ATRP (2014)

Abstract A facile templated synthesis of functional nanocarbon materials with well‐defined spherical mesopores is developed using all‐organic porogenic precursors comprised of hairy nanoparticles with nitrogen‐rich polyacrylonitrile shells grafted from sacrificial cross‐linked poly(methyl methacrylate) cores (xPMMA‐g‐PAN). Such shape‐persistent all‐organic nanostructured precursors, prepared using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), assure robust formation of template nanostructures with continuous PAN precursor matrix over wide range of compositions, and allow for removal of the sacrificial template through simple thermal decomposition. Carbon materials prepared using this method combine nitrogen enrichment with hierarchical nanostructure comprised of microporous carbon matrix interspersed with mesopores originating from sacrificial xPMMA cores, and thus perform well as CO 2 adsorbents and as supercapacitor electrodes.
Epidemiological Approaches to the Identification of Cancer Predisposition Genes (2003)

The goal of appropriate epidemiologic approaches to identify cancer susceptibility genes is to maximize the potential of identifying causal relationships and minimize the potential that spurious relationships will be found. It is similarly important to target the appropriate approach for the identification of specific types of genes. Germline mutations in high-penetrance genes often confer Mendelian patterns of inheritance, and can be optimally identified by segregation and genetic linkage analysis methods. In contrast, low-penetrance genes may not confer Mendelian patterns of inheritance, and may be involved in cancer etiology only through complex interactions with other genes and exposures. Association studies may be more appropriate means of determining a role for these genes in cancer etiology.
Supplementary Table S1 from The Role of Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chain in Response and Progression in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (2023)

Supplementary Table S1 from The Role of Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chain in Response and Progression in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions (1998)

PART I: CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND 1. Affective neuroscience: history and major concepts 2. Emotional operating systems and subjectivity: methodological problems and a conceptual framework for the neurobiological analysis of affect 3. The varieties of emotional systems in the brain: theories, taxonomies, and semantics 4. Neurostatistics: the anatomy of the brain/mind 5. Neurodynamics: the electrical languages of the brain 6. Neurodynamics: neurochemical maps of the brain PART II: BASIC EMOTIONAL AND MOTIVATIONAL PROCESSES 7. Sleep, arousal, and mythmaking in the brain 8. SEEKING systems and anticipatory states of the nervous system 9. Energy is delight: the pleasures and pains of brain regulatory systems 10. Nature red in tooth and claw: the neurobiological sources of rage and anger 11. The sources of fear and anxiety in the brain PART III: THE SOCIAL EMOTIONS 12. The varieties of love and lust: neural control of sexuality 13. Love and the social bond: sources of nurturance and maternal behaviour 14. Loneliness and the social bond: the brain sources of sorrow and grief 15. Rough-and-tumble play: the brain sources of joy 16. Emotions, the higher cerebral processes and the SELF: some are born to sweet delight, some are born to endless night Appendix A: Bones, brains, and human origins Appendix B: Brain, language, and affective neuroscience Appendix C: Dualism and the neurosciences