gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cold Silicon Preamorphization Implant and Presilicide Sulfur Implant for Advanced Nickel Silicide Contacts (2014)

We report the first demonstration of a nickel silicide (NiSi) contact formation technique using cold silicon (Si) preamorphization implant (PAI) combined with presilicide sulfur (S) implant. The cold Si PAI suppresses the agglomeration of NiSi film at elevated temperatures. Presilicide S implant and its segregation at the interface of NiSi and n-type Si (n-Si) after silicidation significantly lowers the effective Schottky barrier height (Φ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> ) for electrons at the NiSi/n-Si contact. The S atoms in Si could be modeled as donor-like traps near the NiSi/n-Si interface, and a simulation study was performed to explain the reduction of Φ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> caused by S.
A Kinetic Study of Copper(II) Extraction using LIX84-I Impregnated Polymeric Particles with Different Structures (2018)

Polymeric particles impregnated with LIX84-I having different structures, such as large interconnected -spherical pores (PDVB), small pores (XAD-4) and multi cores (PVA/NaAlg-GA crosslinked gel), were used for copper(II) extraction from an aqueous phase. The extraction kinetics of copper(II) from the aqueous solution into three different types of polymeric particles was influenced by the amount of LIX84-I impregnated in the polymeric particles and also their structures. The amount of copper(II) adsorbed into all types of the polymeric particles increased with time and reached a plateau after a longer contact time. The extraction mechanism of copper(II) into all types of polymeric particles impregnated with LIX84-I was found to obey Pseudo-second order kinetics. It is suggested that complex-formation and mass-transfer diffusion is the predominant rate-determining step in the copper(II) extraction process from aqueous solution into the polymeric particles.
A study of wall-deposit formation using LES - generated velocity field (2009)

We consider a model of deposition of non reactive, adhesive micro-particles in a turbulent flow around a single short wall-bounded cylinder mimicking a segment of a plate-fin-and-tube heat exchanger. The flow field is provided by a prior LES (Borello et al. 2008) and the particles dispersion is described by the Particle Cloud Tracking (PCT) of Baxter (1989). The deposition model is based on the balance between the rolling moments by the drag and the adhesion forces on the solid surfaces (Abd-Elhadi et al. 2004). The results are compared with the basic rolling moment approach originally developed for tracking individual particles (here denoted as the single particle model − SPT) as well as with two other adhesion models (van Beek, 2001, Thornton and Ning, 1998).
Applying Interface-Contract Mutation in Regression Testing of Component-Based Software (2007)

Regression testing, which plays an important role in software maintenance, usually relies on test adequacy criteria to select and prioritize test cases. However, with the wide use and reuse of black-box components, such as reusable class libraries and COTS components, it is challenging to establish test adequacy criteria for testing software systems built on components whose source code is not available. Without source code or detailed documents, the misunderstanding between the system integrators and component providers has become a main factor of causing faults in component-based software. In this paper, we apply mutation on interface contracts, which can describe the rights and obligations between component users and providers, to simulate the faults that may occur in this way of software development. The mutation adequacy score for killing the mutants of interface contracts can serve as a test adequacy criterion. We performed an experimental study on three subject systems to evaluate the proposed approach together with four other existing criteria. The experimental results show that our adequacy criterion is helpful for both selecting good-quality test cases and scheduling test cases in an order of exposing faults quickly in regression testing of component-based software.
Synthesis of an Enantioenriched α-Carbamoyloxy-crotylboronate and Its Homoaldol Reaction with Aldehydes (2005)

Enantioenriched α-carbamoyloxy-crotylboronate 5 was prepared via the corresponding γ-stannylated carbamate. This boronate was then subjected to homoaldol reactions with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes furnishing (Z)-anti-homoallylic alcohols in high diastereoselectivity and with complete chirality transfer.
Studies in terpenoid biosynthesis. Part XV. Biosynthesis of the sesquiterpenoid illudin M (1976)

The labelling pattern has been determined for the sesquiterpenoid illudin M, biosynthesized by Clitocybe illudens from [2-3H,2-14C]-, [(2R)-2-3H,2-14C]-, [(2S)-2-3H,2-14C]-, [(4R)-4-3H,2-14C]-, [5-3H,2-14C]-, and [(5R)-5-3H,2-14C]-mevalonic acids. Results from [5-3H]mevalonate and [1-3H]farnesyl pyrophosphate suggest that a hydride shift from C-9 to C-1 occurs; the results from [2-3H]mevalonate suggest that a hydrogen atom is lost from C-4 of farnesyl pyrophosphate during the cyclization sequence.
Independent association of resting energy expenditure with blood pressure: confirmation in populations of the African diaspora (2018)

These data confirm previous reports and suggest that a common physiologic abnormality links REE and blood pressure. Elevated catecholamines, a putative metabolic characteristic of obesity, is a possible candidate to explain this association. The direct role of excess adipose tissue is open to question.
Traffic scheduling in wireless ATM networks (2002)

Wireless ATM is enjoying enormous research interest in the last few years, because of its ability to combine multimedia applications support, together with the freedom of mobility. One of the key design issues is the medium access control (MAC) protocol for the radio interface. This paper presents the traffic scheduling algorithm used in the MAC protocol of the Wireless ATM Network Demonstrator (WAND) system being developed within project Magic WAND. Magic WAND is investigating wireless ATM technology for customer premises networks in the framework of the Advanced Communications Technologies and Services (ACTS) programme, funded by the European Union. The proposed algorithm is delay oriented to meet the requirements of the various traffic classes defined by the ATM architecture. Simulation results are presented to assess the performance of the algorithm.
Mutational Analysis of the Active Site and Antibody Epitopes of the Complement-inhibitory Glycoprotein, CD59 (1997)

The Ly-6 superfamily of cell surface molecules includes CD59, a potent regulator of the complement system that protects host cells from the cytolytic action of the membrane attack complex (MAC). Although its mechanism of action is not well understood, CD59 is thought to prevent assembly of the MAC by binding to the C8 and/or C9 proteins of the nascent complex. Here a systematic, structure-based mutational approach has been used to determine the region(s) of CD59 required for its protective activity. Analysis of 16 CD59 mutants with single, highly nonconservative substitutions suggests that CD59 has a single active site that includes Trp-40, Arg-53, and Glu-56 of the glycosylated, membrane-distal face of the disk-like extra-cellular domain and, possibly, Asp-24 positioned at the edge of the domain. The putative active site includes residues conserved across species, consistent with the lack of strict homologous restriction previously observed in studies of CD59 function. Competition and mutational analyses of the epitopes of eight CD59-blocking and non-blocking monoclonal antibodies confirmed the location of the active site. Additional experiments showed that the expression and function of CD59 are both glycosylation independent.
Endocrine Action of Interferon-Tau on the Corpus Luteum in Sheep: Implication for Antiluteolytic and Luteotrophic Mechanisms. (2009)

Interferon-tau (IFNT), a major secretory protein of ruminant conceptuses during early pregnancy prevents regression of the corpus luteum (CL). It acts in a paracrine manner to silence transcription of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and oxytocin receptor (OXTR), thus preventing oxytocin-induced release of luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) from the endometrium. Greater concentrations of IFNT in uterine vein blood from pregnant compared to non-pregnant ewes and induction of extrauterine blood cell and CL interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in pregnant ewes provoked the hypothesis that IFNT acts through endocrine action on the CL to modulate major genes involved in luteolysis. ESR1, OXTR, solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 (SLCO2A1, also known as prostaglandin transporter), PGF receptor (PTGFR) and prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes 2 (PTGER2), 3 (PTGER3) and 4 (PTGER4) mRNAs were examined using semi-quantitative RTPCR in CL collected on Days 12 to 15 of the estrous cycle or pregnancy (n=3 ewes per day per pregnancy status). These mRNAs also were examined in CL after 24h infusion of 200 μg BSA or IFNT (2 x 107 antiviral units) into the uterine vein using miniosmotic pumps introduced on Day 10 of the estrous cycle (n=12 ewes per group). At 12h after surgical installation of pumps, half of the ewes from BSA or IFNT groups received a single 5 mg injection of PGF. ESR1, OXTR and SLCO2A1 mRNAs were not affected by day, pregnancy status or their interaction. PTGFR mRNA was not affected by pregnancy status, but decreased (P<0.05) between Days 12 and 15. PTGER2 and PTGER4 mRNAs did not differ, but PTGER3 mRNA declined (P<0.005; day x pregnancy status) by Day 14 in cyclic, but not pregnant ewes. When analyzing CL from cyclic and pregnant ewes on Day 15, expression of mRNAs for the studied genes were not different. Following a 24h infusion into the uterine vein, ESR1, OXTR, PTGER2 and PTGER3 mRNA were not affected, but SLCO2A1 mRNA decreased (P<0.001) in BSA+PGF, IFN and IFN+PGF compared to BSA-infused ewes. PTGFR mRNA was down regulated (P<0.001) in IFN and IFN+PGF compared to BSA and BSA+PGF-infused ewes. PTGER4 mRNA was greater (P<0.05) in IFN and IFN+PGF compared to BSA, but not compared to BSA+PGF-infused ewes. In conclusion, IFNT has acute (24h) effects on the CL during maternal recognition of pregnancy in ewes by suppressing PTGFR (antiluteolytic) and increasing PTGER3 (luteotrophic) mRNAs. Also, diminished SLCO2A1 in response to IFNT would impair release of PGF by large luteal cells, and thereby, intraluteal-lytic action of PGF. Functional consequences of changes in PTGFR, PTGER3 and SLCO2A1 proteins on maintenance of CL function in response to IFNT and pregnancy will be the focus of future experiments. Research supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. (2006-35203-17258), USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service and Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior. (poster)
Nabilone for Nonmotor Parkinson Symptoms (2020)

To assess the efficacy and safety of nabilone, a synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol analogue, as a potential treatment for some nonmotor symptoms (NMS)
The "atrial dancing": echocardiographic diagnosis of electrocardiographic query. (2015)

The direct observation of the cardiac structure through the echocardiographic exam offers, in some cases, the advantage to resolve difficult diagnostic definition. In this paradigmatic case we emphasize as an accurate observation of the echocardiographic figures and movies can resolve also an electrocardiographic query.
Ultrafast laser inscription: perspectives on future integrated applications (2014)

Abstract This paper reviews the recent advancements achieved using ultrafast laser inscription (ULI) that highlight the cross‐disciplinary potential of the technology. An overview of waveguide fabrication is provided and the three distinct types of waveguide cross‐section architectures that have so far been fabricated in transparent dielectric materials are discussed. The paper focuses on two key emergent technologies driven by ULI processes. First, the recently developed photonic devices, such as compact mode‐locked waveguide sources and novel mid‐infrared waveguide lasers are discussed. Secondly, the phenomenon and applications of selective etching in developing ultrafast laser inscribed structures for compact lab‐on‐chip devices are elaborated. The review further discusses the conceivable future of ULI in impacting the aforementioned fields.
A Low Cost Table Top X-Pinch Device (2005)

Summary form only given. This paper reports the conceptualization, designing and construction of a low cost table top X-pinch device. The original target was to develop a 200 kV, 50 kA system with 40-50 ns pulse rise time. In order to keep the cost of the device low, two major changes compared to the conventional X-pinch systems were implemented: (1) develop a low cost transformer based 200 kV pulsed high voltage power source (HVPS) instead of costly Marx generator and (2) develop an integrated pulsed forming line (PFL) with inbuilt water spark gap switch instead of a separate SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> gas based spark gap. A 1:56 turns transformer, placed inside transformer oil container, was designed to amplify a variable voltage discharge pulse from 7.5 muF (30 kV) capacitor. The dimensions of the PFL were estimated to obtain the system impedance of 4Omega and compressed pulse of 50 ns rise time. To construct the PFL with inbuilt water spark gap switch, the breakdown potential of de-ionized water was systematically investigated. The de-ionized water was found to have the breakdown potential of about 70 kV/mm. For electrical diagnostics, a capacitive voltage probe was made for initial measurements of the HVPS. A V-dot probe and Rogowski groove were constructed and used to monitor the operation of X-pinch. The V-dot probe shows that at 12 kV input voltage to HVPS, the water spark gap (with 3.5 mm gap) of PFL breakdowns at the voltages of about 200 kV Rogowski groove has recorded the current in the range of 15-20 kA, implying the load impedance higher than the intended 4Omega impedance. The time integrated optical imaging confirms the X-pinch formation. The X-ray emissions from the device are investigated using photo-conducting diamond and photodiodes. Investigations to use X-pinch device as a radiography source are undergoing at present
Virtual Chemical Library (2016)

The evolution that has taken place in medicinal chemistry practice as a result of major advances in genomics and molecular biology arising from the Human Genome Project has carried with it an extensive additional working vocabulary that has become both integrated and essential terminology for the medicinal chemist. Some of this augmented terminology has been adopted from the many related and interlocked scientific disciplines with which the modern medicinal chemist must be conversant, but many other terms have been introduced to define new concepts and ideas as they have arisen. In this supplementary Glossary, we have attempted to collate and define many of the additional terms that are now considered to be essential components of the medicinal chemist’s expanded repertoire.
Cover Feature: Design Platform for Sustainable Catalysis with Radicals: Electrochemical Activation of Cp2TiCl2 for Catalysis Unveiled (Chem. Eur. J. 15/2021) (2021)

What mechanism-based screening for titanocene catalysis is all about! Combining the methods of computational chemistry and electrochemistry provides the structural and quantitative means for an efficient optimization of reaction conditions in the H-bond donor-assisted, titanocene-catalyzed radical arylation of epoxides. These methods give an answer to how and why condition screening in titanocene catalysis works! More information can be found in the Full Paper by A. Gansäuer et al. on page 4903.
Bioinspired Bilayer Structural Color Hydrogel Actuator with Multienvironment Responsiveness and Survivability (2019)

Abstract Inspired by the actuator mechanism of Venus flytrap leaves, presented is a bilayer structural color hydrogel actuator by employing a hybrid inverse opal scaffold to join the poly(acrylic acid‐ co ‐acrylamide) layer and the poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) layer together. The nanostructure of the inverse opal scaffold imparts the bilayer hydrogel with brilliant structural color, which can show a reversible coloration switch during the structural change. An internal water distribution occurs in the composite bilayer hydrogel during the heating or cooling process because of the opposite thermo‐responsiveness of the two hydrogels. Thus, this intelligent soft material can work in various environments and break the limitation of aqueous media of most structural color hydrogels. In addition, the water transference of the bilayer hydrogel enables the material with bending/unbending deformations and hence a series of complex motions like screwing, catching, and releasing can be achieved. Attractively, with the integrating of graphene oxide, the hydrogel systems can even be imparted with near‐infrared remote responsiveness to both of their color change and 3D deformation. These features of the bioinspired bilayer structural color hydrogel indicate its potential values in a variety of intelligent soft material applications.
Injection of micro-cement in fine-grained soil : theory, modelling and laboratory testing (2000)

LMS
Optimal Selective Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection in Primary Malignant Melanoma (1997)

Sequential combination of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative mapping is a reliable way to identify regional SLN. The frequency of microscopic metastatic melanoma of the SLN(s) is 18.4%. Gamma-probe--guided resection minimizes the extent of lymph node dissection. Further follow-up is needed to assess the outcome of this group of patients for regional and systemic recurrences.
Incidence and Management of Complications of Transsphenoidal Operation for Pituitary Adenomas (1987)

Two hundred fifty-five consecutive transsphenoidal procedures for pituitary adenomas were reviewed to evaluate complications and their management. There were no operative deaths. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea was the most common complication, occurring in 2.7% of cases; diabetes insipidus was next, lasting less than 1 year in 1.6% of patients and over a year in 0.4%. Sinusitis occurred in 1.2% of patients, and delayed epistaxis occurred in 0.8%. Postoperative hematomas, meningitis, hydrocephalus, and deep venous thrombosis each occurred in 0.4% of cases. These results are discussed in the context of previous reports, including an international survey of pituitary surgeons. Although transsphenoidal surgery has a low morbidity and mortality, it is nevertheless associated with potentially serious difficulties that should be expeditiously recognized and managed.
Nasal Polyps Treatment: Medical Management (1996)

The objectives of medical management of nasal polyposis are 1) to eliminate nasal polyps and rhinitis symptoms, 2) to reestablish nasal breathing and olfaction, and 3) to prevent recurrence of nasal polyps. Although antibiotics are used for infectious complications of nasal polyposis, only glucocorticosteroids (steroids) have a proven effect on the symptoms and signs of nasal polyps. Topically applied steroids is the therapeutic modality that has been best studied in controlled trials. It reduces rhinitis symptoms, improves nasal breathing, reduces the size of polyps and the recurrence rate, but it has a negligible effect on the sense of smell and on any sinus pathology. Topical steroids can, as long-term therapy, be used alone in mild cases, or combined with systemic steroids/surgery in severe cases. Systemic steroids, which are less well studied, have an effect on all types of symptoms and pathology, including the sense of smell. This type of treatment, which can serve a "medical polypectomy," is only used for short-term improvement due to the risk of adverse effects. Individualized management of nasal polyposis may use long-term topical steroids, short-term systemic steroids, as well as surgery, in various combinations. Exactly how these therapies, which differ in their control of various symptoms, are optimally combined is not yet well established.
Semisynthetic Taxol Goes on Market Amid Ongoing Quest For New Versions (1995)

Semisynthetic Taxol Goes on Market Amid Ongoing Quest For New Versions Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 15, 2 August 1995, Pages 1106–1108, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.15.1106 Published: 02 August 1995
An Energy-Efficient Framework for the Analysis of MIMO Slow Fading Channels (2013)

In this paper, a new energy-efficiency performance metric is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) point-to-point systems. In contrast with related works on energy-efficiency, this metric translates the effects of using finite blocks for transmitting, using channel estimates at the transmitter and receiver, and considering the total power consumed by the transmitter instead of the radiated power only. The main objective pursued is to choose the best precoding matrix used at the transmitter in the following two scenarios : 1) the one where imperfect channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter and receiver and 2) the one where no CSI is available at the transmitter. In both scenarios, the problem of optimally tuning the total used power is shown to be nontrivial. In scenario 2), the optimal fraction of training time can be characterized by a simple equation. These results and others provided in the paper, along with the provided numerical analysis, show that the present work can therefore be used as a good basis for studying power control and resource allocation in energy-efficient multiuser networks.
Cerebral metabolic effects of neonatal seizures measured with in vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy (1986)

In vivo phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate changes in cerebral high-energy phosphate compounds in 8 infants with seizures. During the study 4 babies had seizures that caused a 50% decrease in the phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate (PCr/Pi) ratio. Focal seizures caused lateralized decreases in the PCr/Pi ratio; generalized seizures caused bilateral decreases. Postictal spectra had increased PCr/Pi ratios, presumably due to postictal inhibition. Interictal 31P NMR spectra were normal. One patient's seizures were successfully treated with intravenously administered phenobarbital during NMR data acquisition, causing an immediate increase in the PCr/Pi ratio from 0.7 to 1.2. These studies indicate that cerebral PCr concentration decreases by approximately 33% and that oxidative metabolism increases by approximately 45% during neonatal seizures. Five babies had PCr/Pi ratios of less than 0.8 during seizures and subsequently developed long-term neurological sequelae, which suggests that neonatal seizures may cause or exacerbate cerebral injury by increasing cerebral metabolic demands above energy supply.