gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bound water in Kevlar 49 fibers (1981)

From elemental analyses, thermogravimetric-mass spectroscopy studies and re-evaluation of previous water diffusion studies in Kevlar 49 fibers it is concluded that these fibers can contain two types of sorbed moisture. The fibers can absorb up to approx. 6 wt % loosely bound water with an activation energy for outgassing by desorption of 6 kcal/mole. This loosely bound water is a direct result of the presence of Na/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ impurities and the perturbations they induce on the packing of the rod-like poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) macromolecules. Kevlar 49 fibers also inherently contain up to 30 wt % additional water which is tightly bound within the crystal lattice. This water exhibits an activation energy for outgassing by diffusion of approx. 40 kcal/mole and is only evolved from the fiber in significant quantities at t > 350/sup 0/C over a period of hours.
Normalized vertical ice mass flux profiles from vertically pointing 8-mm-wavelength Doppler radar (1993)

During the FIRE 2 (First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Regional Experiment) project, NOAA's Wave Propagation Laboratory (WPL) operated its 8-mm wavelength Doppler radar extensively in the vertically pointing mode. This allowed for the calculation of a number of important cirrus cloud parameters, including cloud boundary statistics, cloud particle characteristic sizes and concentrations, and ice mass content (imc). The flux of imc, or, alternatively, ice mass flux (imf), is also an important parameter of a cirrus cloud system. Ice mass flux is important in the vertical redistribution of water substance and thus, in part, determines the cloud evolution. It is important for the development of cloud parameterizations to be able to define the essential physical characteristics of large populations of clouds in the simplest possible way. One method would be to normalize profiles of observed cloud properties, such as those mentioned above, in ways similar to those used in the convective boundary layer. The height then scales from 0.0 at cloud base to 1.0 at cloud top, and the measured cloud parameter scales by its maximum value so that all normalized profiles have 1.0 as their maximum value. The goal is that there will be a 'universal' shape to profiles of the normalized data. This idea was applied to estimates of imf calculated from data obtained by the WPL cloud radar during FIRE II. Other quantities such as median particle diameter, concentration, and ice mass content can also be estimated with this radar, and we expect to also examine normalized profiles of these quantities in time for the 1993 FIRE II meeting.
Accelerated Evaluation of Automated Vehicles in Car-Following Maneuvers (2017)

The safety of automated vehicles (AVs) must be assured before their release and deployment. The current approach to evaluation relies primarily on 1) testing AVs on public roads or 2) track testing with scenarios defined in a test matrix. These two methods have completely opposing drawbacks: the former, while offering realistic scenarios, takes too much time to execute and the latter, though it can be completed in a short amount of time, has no clear correlation to safety benefits in the real world. To avoid the aforementioned problems, we propose accelerated evaluation, focusing on the car-following scenario. The stochastic human-controlled vehicle (HV) motions are modeled based on 1.3 million miles of naturalistic driving data collected by the University of Michigan Safety Pilot Model Deployment Program. The statistics of the HV behaviors are then modified to generate more intense interactions between HVs and AVs to accelerate the evaluation procedure. The importance sampling theory was used to ensure that the safety benefits of AVs are accurately assessed under accelerated tests. Crash, injury and conflict rates for a simulated AV are simulated to demonstrate the proposed approach. Results show that test duration is reduced by a factor of 300 to 100 000 compared with the non-accelerated (naturalistic) evaluation. In other words, the proposed techniques have great potential for accelerating the AV evaluation process.
Mouse-protecting and histamine-sensitizing activities of pertussigen and fimbrial hemagglutinin from Bordetella pertussis (1981)

We compared the protective activities of fimbrial hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertussigen and their respective antibodies in mice infected intracerebrally with Bordetella pertussis. We found that mice were protected by a 1.7-microgram/mouse dose of pertussigen which was free of detectable FHA and was detoxified by treatment with glutaraldehyde. A pertussigen preparation made from cells grown in shake cultures that did not contain demonstrable FHA protected mice at a dose of 1.4 microgram/mouse. FHA at a dose of 10 microgram/mouse protected mice from intracerebral infection, but it also sensitized mice to histamine at a dose of 2 micrograms/mouse, which indicated that it was contaminated with pertussigen. When FHA was obtained free of demonstrable pertussigen, it failed to sensitize mice to histamine at a dose of 30 micrograms/mouse and to protect mice from infection at a dose of 12 micrograms/mouse (largest doses tested). Passive protection tests with antisera known to contain antibodies to pertussigen protected mice from intracerebral infection, whereas sera lacking anti-pertussigen antibodies but containing high concentrations of anti-FHA antibodies did not protect mice. The most important antigen for the immunization of mice against intracerebral infection with B. pertussis appears to be pertussigen.
Introduction to the Hologenome Special Series (2016)

Because of its strongly theoretical nature, evolutionary biology is a field full of controversy. For example, in the late 1970s, UCLA hosted a forum in which two famous biologists, Motoo Kimura and Francisco Ayala, engaged in a heated debate. Kimura had posited in the late 1960s that molecular evolution is dominated by neutral processes, i.e., genetic drift and random mutation. Ayala argued for the more traditional view, i.e., Darwinian natural selection as the primary force driving evolution of genes and proteins. Ideological camps formed around this controversy, and the debate continues to this day. Nevertheless, these discussions have been a positive driver of research in the field—our view of molecular evolution has benefited and been shaped by the continuing development of the concepts surrounding this debate.

This mBio series explores a new topic of controversy in the field of evolutionary biology—the hologenome concept. This view advances the idea that evolutionary forces, both neutrality and selection, act on the host and its symbiotic microbes as a conjoined “holobiont,” and the genomic complement of all partners equals the “hologenome.” The opposing view adheres to the traditional concept that …
Wound-Induced Endogenous Jasmonates Stunt Plant Growth by Inhibiting Mitosis (2008)

When plants are repeatedly injured their growth is stunted and the size of organs such as leaves is greatly reduced. The basis of this effect is not well-understood however, even though it reduces yield of crops injured by herbivory, and produces dramatic effects exemplified in ornamental bonsai plants. We have investigated the genetic and physiological basis of this "bonsai effect" by repeatedly wounding leaves of the model plant Arabidopsis. This treatment stunted growth by 50% and increased the endogenous content of jasmonate (JA), a growth inhibitor, by seven-fold. Significantly, repeated wounding did not stunt the growth of the leaves of mutants unable to synthesise JA, or unable to respond to JA including coi1, jai3, myc2, but not jar1. The stunted growth did not result from reduced cell size, but resulted instead from reduced cell number, and was associated with reduced expression of CycB1;2. Wounding caused systemic disappearance of constitutively expressed JAZ1::GUS. Wounding also activates plant immunity. We show that a gene, 12-oxo-phytodienoate reductase, which catalyses a step in JA biosynthesis, and which we confirm is not required for defence, is however required for wound-induced stunting. Our data suggest that intermediates in the JA biosynthetic pathway activate defence, but a primary function of wound-induced JA is to stunt growth through the suppression of mitosis.
A decentralized deadlock-free concurrency control method for multidatabase transactions (2003)

A global concurrency control mechanism for multidatabase systems that preserves the autonomy of local databases and is free from global deadlocks is presented. The mechanism extends the notion of timestamps to a multidatabase environment to enforce the global serialization order through additional data operations on a data item stored in local systems. The main advantage of the mechanism is that it allows a fully distributed architecture, in which concurrency control decisions can be made on the basis of locally available information. Since no centralized information is maintained by the mechanism, it provides a higher degree of fault tolerance and allows incremental growth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: ν‐Triazolines. Part 42. Study on the Reactivity of 4,5‐Dihydro‐1‐ (6‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐2H‐pyran‐4‐yl)‐5‐morpholino‐ν‐triazoles. Synthetic Approach to Pyrano[4,3‐b]pyrrol‐4(1H)‐ones. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Systemic accumulation of specific mRNAs in response to wounding in poplar trees. (1989)

cDNAs for several transcripts that accumulate systemically in response to mechanical wounding in a hybrid poplar have been cloned. The corresponding mRNAs become abundant in the unwounded upper leaves of poplar trees whose lower leaves have been damaged. Two of the cDNA clones have been characterized by Northern and Southern blotting, and their nucleotide sequences have been determined. These clones, designated win6 (wound-inducible) and win8, are members of multigene families encoding proteins with a high degree of similarity to chitinases from bean, tobacco, and barley. This initial demonstration of a systemic response to wounding in trees provides an approach to study defense mechanisms in woody plants at the biochemical, physiological, and ecological levels.
C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Children (2003)

Among the sociodemographic and cardiovascular disease risk factors, body mass index was the best predictor of C-reactive protein concentration in children.
Cumulative Duration of “Triple Low” State of Low Blood Pressure, Low Bispectral Index, and Low Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Volatile Anesthesia Is Not Associated with Increased Mortality (2014)

The authors found no association between cumulative duration of triple low state and perioperative or intermediate-term mortality in noncardiac surgery patients.
Safety of a Single Successful Conversion of Ventricular Fibrillation Before the Implantation of Cardioverter Defibrillators (2003)

A first successful shock of 14 J may be a sufficient endpoint to allow the implantation of ICDs with the Triad lead configuration, when programming all shocks to 31 J.
Bandwidth enhancement of epsilon negative zeroth‐order resonator antennas using a Co2Y hexagonal ferrite helical loading (2010)

Abstract A method to extend the bandwidth of epsilon negative (ENG) zeroth‐order resonator (ZOR) antennas using a Co 2 Y hexagonal ferrite (Ba 2 Co 1 Zn 0.7 Cu 0.3 Fe 12 O 22 ) is presented.It is accomplished by using the ferrite helical loading for shunt inductance of ENG ZOR unit cell. The Co 2 Y hexagonal ferrite has been developed for performance improvement of mobile handset antennas. The permittivity of the developed Co 2 Y hexagonal ferrite is about 9.3, and the permeability is about 4. An ENG ZOR antenna based on simplified planar mushroom structure unit cell was fabricated, and bandwidth enhancement and good radiation performance were achieved. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:87–90, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25650
The fuzzy classifier system using the implicit bucket brigade algorithm (2003)

The fuzzy classifier system (FCS) makes the classifier system be able to carry out the mapping from continuous inputs to outputs. The classifier system can evaluate the usefulness of rules represented by classifiers with repeated learning It is the FCS that applies this ability of the machine learning to the concept of fuzzy controller. It is that the antecedent and consequent of classifier is same as a fuzzy rule of the rule base. In this paper, the FCS is the Michigan style and fuzzifies the input values to create the messages. The system stores those messages in the message list and uses the implicit bucket brigade algorithms. Also the FCS employs the genetic algorithms (GAs) to make new rules and modify rules when performance of the system needs to be improved.
Highly Overlapping Winter Diet in Two Sympatric Lemming Species Revealed by DNA Metabarcoding (2015)

Sympatric species are expected to minimize competition by partitioning resources, especially when these are limited. Herbivores inhabiting the High Arctic in winter are a prime example of a situation where food availability is anticipated to be low, and thus reduced diet overlap is expected. We present here the first assessment of diet overlap of high arctic lemmings during winter based on DNA metabarcoding of feces. In contrast to previous analyses based on microhistology, we found that the diets of both collared (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) and brown lemmings (Lemmus trimucronatus) on Bylot Island were dominated by Salix while mosses, which were significantly consumed only by the brown lemming, were a relatively minor food item. The most abundant plant taxon, Cassiope tetragona, which alone composes more than 50% of the available plant biomass, was not detected in feces and can thus be considered to be non-food. Most plant taxa that were identified as food items were consumed in proportion to their availability and none were clearly selected for. The resulting high diet overlap, together with a lack of habitat segregation, indicates a high potential for resource competition between the two lemming species. However, Salix is abundant in the winter habitats of lemmings on Bylot Island and the non-Salix portion of the diets differed between the two species. Also, lemming grazing impact on vegetation during winter in the study area is negligible. Hence, it seems likely that the high potential for resource competition predicted between these two species did not translate into actual competition. This illustrates that even in environments with low primary productivity food resources do not necessarily generate strong competition among herbivores.
Enforcing policies in pervasive environments (2004)

This work presents an architecture and a proof of concept implementation of a security infrastructure for mobile devices in an infrastructure based pervasive environment. The security infrastructure primarily consists of two parts, the policy engine and the policy enforcement mechanism. Each mobile device within a pervasive environment is equipped with its own policy enforcement mechanism and is responsible for protecting its resources. A mobile device consults the nearest policy server, notifies its current state including its present user, network presence, other accessible devices and location information if available. Using this information the policy server queries the "Rei" engine to dynamically create a policy certificate and issues it to the requesting device. The system wide policy is described in a semantic language "Rei", a lightweight and extensible language which is able to express comprehensive policies using domain specific information. The "Rei" policy engine is able to dynamically decide what rights, prohibitions, obligations, dispensations an actor has on the domain actions. A policy certificate is created and issued to the device. The policy certificate contains a set of granted permissions and a validity period and scope within which the permissions are valid. The policy certificate can be revoked by the policy enforcer based on expiration of the validity period or a combination of timeout, loss of contact with an assigned network. X.509 based public key infrastructure is used to provide identification and authentication.
Serum Antidiuretic Hormone Levels in Patients With Unilateral Meniere's Disease (2003)

Although previous reports have demonstrated a possible role of ADH in the pathogenesis of Meniere's disease, the study did not show a statistically significant elevation of ADH levels in patients with unilateral Meniere's disease. Before excluding an ADH-inner ear pathogenic relationship, ADH levels in patients with bilateral Meniere's disease should be investigated.
Ferrite assisted synchronous reluctance machines: A general approach (2012)

A general approach to the design of high performance ferrite-assisted synchronous reluctance motors is presented. Reference is made to a rectified rotor structure, with multiple flux barriers, designed to optimize the performance and the exploitation of the PM material. The key design issue of de-magnetization is analytically investigated, pointing out the maximum allowed current loading, depending on temperature and machine dimensions. Such current limit is then compared with the one imposed by the thermal constraint. The analysis shows that low and medium size machines tend to be robust against demagnetization, while larger machines are more at risk. The theoretical analysis is confirmed by finite-elements via an example machine design.
Effect of Vehicle Speed on the Millau Viaduct Response (2012)

Abstract This paper deals with the influence of a bituminous mix surfacing on orthotropic deck bridges. These researches are part of a French national project “Orthoplus,” which is briefly introduced. The approach to take into account the surfacing and to develop calculation tools is explained. First, the behavior of the different bituminous constituent materials is investigated. A linear viscoelastic modeling is proposed with a rheological model, previously developed at the Civil Engineering and Buildings Dept. (“DGCB”) of the University of Lyon/ENTPE. This model is implemented in a Finite Elements code, which enables the simulation of any orthotropic structures. To validate the proposed numerical tool, the highest bridge in the world, the Millau Viaduct (France) is studied. In situ measurements were especially carried out on the Millau Viaduct. Focus is made on comparisons between experimental data and simulations results. Influence of vehicle speed on bridge response is also analyzed.
SU‐GG‐T‐424: Domain‐Division Monte Carlo Dose Calculation Method for Particle Therapy (2010)

Purpose : To enable dose calculations with huge voxel data a limited amount of memory. To accomplish this, we develop a Monte Carlo method using domain division. Method and Materials : We divide the entire geometry into several domains whose data size is such that Monte‐Carlo simulations can be performed with a given amount of memory. We first perform a simulation for the domain to which the particle beam is incident and dump the information of exiting particles to files. Then, we perform simulations for the neighboring domains using the dump files as a source and, again, dump the information of exiting particles. Then, again, we perform simulations for the neighboring domains using the dump files as a source. We repeat similar procedures till there are no dumped particles left. We developed and parallelized an external module to the Monte Carlo particle and heavy ion transport code PHITS that tallies the dose by repeating these procedures. Results : We are evaluating the performance of the domain‐division Monte Carlo method using human voxel phantoms. We have confirmed that the present method obtains the same results as the conventional Monte Carlo method for the entire geometry. The increase in calculation time due to dumping and re‐reading is only 8 %, which is acceptably small. We have also obtained excellent scaling up to 200 processors so far. Conclusion : The method we have developed is expected to open a way to the realization of large‐scale Monte Carlo dose calculations with huge voxel data on general‐purpose supercomputers and in a grid environment, where only a limited amount of memory is available, instead of on specialized large‐memory machines.
La visión positiva del concepto de utopía en América Latina. Delimitación crítica para su aplicación en México (2008)

Concern has been expressed about alcohol and drug problems among health professionals because of the possibility of professional impairment, although there has been no evidence of increased legal suits by patients against such individuals. Alcohol and drug problems among health professionals were recognized but usually ignored by health professional organizations, except for sporadic disciplinary action, until the mid-1970s. At that time, important initiatives took place, particularly in the USA. Approaches developed so far by health professional groups to help their members with alcohol and drug problems can be broadly categorized as either coercive/therapeutic/disciplinary or therapeutic. The former approach is exemplified by US programs for physicians, and the latter by the approach to that profession in Canada. It is suggested that the employee assistance model is an alternative approach that could be adopted by health professionals, and that this model could be expanded to a health promotion/prevention/assistance model. Although there has been significant progress in the development of programs in Ontario to help health professionals with alcohol and drug problems, this development is faltering because of lack of support from health professional organizations.
New Heuristics for global optimization of complex bioprocesses (2008)

A todos tengo que agradecer las sugerencias y/o preguntas sobre SSm que me han ayudado a encontrar errores, a mejorarlo y a aprender un poco ms. Quiero resaltar a algunos por su relacin ms
Feasibility Study of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor for Quench Detection of High Temperature Superconductors (2019)

The energy stored in a 2 MW motor coil, or a generator field winding, may be as high as 25 kJ (for a 5 H field windings with 100 A current) and this energy release would be catastrophic if rapidly released. Therefore quench detection and protection in large machine coils is a significant concern. In this work, the feasibility of uncoated Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors for high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnet quench detection has been studied by studying the thermal distribution of a vertical HTS tape stack without applying current. The ceramic heater and PT100 platinum resistance sensors were employed to trigger the hotspot and provide a temperature reference. A proposed thermal-mechanical model was used to predict the response of the attached FBG sensors. The measured results agreed well with the prediction results, and the temperature sensitivity of uncoated FBG can be improved significantly by the thermal expansion of HTS tape and epoxy at the operating temperature of HTS. The thermal distribution results were studied by the attached FBG sensors. Finally, a mechanical stress test was carried out to simulate the effect of magnetic force on the FBG temperature sensor. The result shows that the slow change of stress can be ignored in comparison with the rapid temperature change in the ramping process, the FBG sensor can work properly for quench detection on HTS coil operation state. This paper provides the feasibility of the application of bare FBG sensors for the quench detection of HTS magnets. Our purpose is to monitor the temperature in real time, and give a quick feedback for any possible heat disturbance.