gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proactive Infliximab Drug Monitoring Is Superior to Conventional Management in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2019)

Proactive TDM is associated with fewer surgeries and higher rates of mucosal healing than conventional non-TDM-based management.
Mechanism of interferon biological effects (1997)

Interferons (IFN) are a family of proteins secreted by almost all cellular types. All IFNs have the capacity to induce an antiviral state. IFN are also intercellular mediators involved in the modulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, in the activation of NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. They display many immuno-modulating properties, and have anti-tumor effects. IFN play an essential role in the regulation of HLA expression. According to their antigenic and molecular properties, IFN are divided in two major classes : type I IFN : IFN-a, IFN-b, IFN-w and IFN-t, and type II IFN : IFN-g. As many cytokines and growth factors, the effect of IFN are initia- ted through their interaction with specific cell surface receptors. Type I IFN share a common receptor different from that of type II IFN. Binding of IFN to their specific receptors leads to the activation of associated tyrosine kinases of the Janus kinase family (Jak). The latent cytosolic transcription factors (STAT) are then phosphorylated, translocated to the cell nucleus where they bind to enhancer elements of inducible target genes.
Human Activity Recognition from Video: modeling, feature selection and classification architecture (2005)

In this paper, we address the problem of recognizing human activities, such as {Active, Inactive, Walking, Running, Fighting} from video sequences, with a particular emphasis on the problems of feature selection, data modeling and classifier structure. The need for such systems is increasing everyday, with the number of (hundreds or thousands) of surveillance cameras deployed in public spaces. This massive number of cameras calls for systems able to detect, categorize and recognize human activity, requesting human attention only when necessary. Our work is focused on three fundamental issues: (i) the design of a classifier and data modeling for activity recognition; (ii) how to perform feature selection and (iii) how to define the structure of a classifier. We use of a Bayesian classifier, and model the likelihood functions as Gaussian mixtures, adequate to cope with complex data distributions, that are learned automatically. As for feature selection, we propose several (suboptimal) methods to evaluate the recognition rate achieved with different feature combinations, with the Bayesian classifier. Finally, we investigate the use of hierarchical classifiers (including the possibility of automatic generation). Our results were based on nearly 16,000 images of five activities and we achieved an error rate as low as 1.5%. These experiments clearly demonstrate the importance of powerful methodologies for data modeling and how intertwined feature selection, classifier design and the structure of the classifier are. 1
The Fourier transform of a coiled-coil (1953)

The Fourier transforms are given for a continuous coiled-coil, and for a set of atoms spaced a~ regular intervals along a coiled-coil. The nature of the solution is briefly discussed.
Tiered-latency DRAM: A low latency and low cost DRAM architecture (2013)

The capacity and cost-per-bit of DRAM have historically scaled to satisfy the needs of increasingly large and complex computer systems. However, DRAM latency has remained almost constant, making memory latency the performance bottleneck in today's systems. We observe that the high access latency is not intrinsic to DRAM, but a trade-off made to decrease cost-per-bit. To mitigate the high area overhead of DRAM sensing structures, commodity DRAMs connect many DRAM cells to each sense-amplifier through a wire called a bitline. These bitlines have a high parasitic capacitance due to their long length, and this bitline capacitance is the dominant source of DRAM latency. Specialized low-latency DRAMs use shorter bitlines with fewer cells, but have a higher cost-per-bit due to greater sense-amplifier area overhead. In this work, we introduce Tiered-Latency DRAM (TL-DRAM), which achieves both low latency and low cost-per-bit. In TL-DRAM, each long bitline is split into two shorter segments by an isolation transistor, allowing one segment to be accessed with the latency of a short-bitline DRAM without incurring high cost-per-bit. We propose mechanisms that use the low-latency segment as a hardware-managed or software-managed cache. Evaluations show that our proposed mechanisms improve both performance and energy-efficiency for both single-core and multi-programmed workloads.
Cellular biology of capacitation and the acrosome reaction (1995)

For successful fertilization in mammals, spermatozoa must complete capacitation and then undergo the acrosome reaction, an exocytotic process that allows cells to bind to and then penetrate the zona pellucida. After penetration has been achieved, acrosome-reacted cells are capable of fusing with the oocyte plasma membrane, thereby activating the oocyte and setting in train the completion of the second meiotic division and the initiation of the metabolic events that will sustain early embryonic development. Current evidence indicates that mechanisms controlling the intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i play pivotal roles in controlling sperm fertilizing ability; it is these mechanisms which will be discussed here.
Telecanthus and Hypertelorism in Frontoethmoidal Meningoencephaloceles and Their Surgical Correction under Conditions within a Third-World Country (2007)

Frontoethmoidal meningoencephaloceles (MEC) are frequently associated with telecanthus (TC), and seldom with hypertelorism (HT). These orbital dysmorphisms are corrected during the interdisciplinary surgical treatment of the celes.
Experimental Studies in Demineralization and Its Effects on Cytology and Staining of Bone and Marrow Cells (1986)

The three types of bone used in this study were rib, iliac crest, and femoral head. 315 bone samples were variously fixed, demineralized, and histologically evaluated after paraffin embedment. Fixation in 10% buffered formalin followed by demineralization proved to be the best procedure for preservation of cellular and morphologic detail. If bone samples were to be demineralized in ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), 70% ethanol fixation was better than formalin. Formalin fixation before EDTA caused hardness of bone more than alcohol fixation did, making it difficult to determine the end point of demineralization. No reagent was the ideal reagent for removing mineral salts from bone.Many of the procedures were standardized so the entire process could be timed as one block of activity. An empirical formula for demineralizing bone was proposed; and a reservoir of data as a baseline for monitoring quality control in the laboratory was developed; and the latest microtechniques for bone pathology were examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Pyridine N‐Oxides via Directed ortho‐Metallation Using Grignard Reagents. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Full Database Reconstruction in Two Dimensions (2020)

In the past few years, we have seen multiple attacks on one-dimensional databases that support range queries. These attacks achieve full database reconstruction by exploiting access pattern leakage along with known query distribution or search pattern leakage. We are the first to go beyond one dimension, exploring this threat in two dimensions. We unveil an intrinsic limitation of reconstruction attacks by showing that there can be an exponential number of distinct databases that produce equivalent leakage. Next, we present a full database reconstruction attack. Our algorithm runs in polynomial time and returns a poly-size encoding of all databases consistent with the given leakage profile. We implement our algorithm and observe real-world databases that admit a large number of equivalent databases, which aligns with our theoretical results.
Page quality (2005)

In a number of recent studies [4, 8] researchers have found that because search engines repeatedly return currently popular pages at the top of search results, popular pages tend to get even more popular, while unpopular pages get ignored by an average user. This "rich-get-richer" phenomenon is particularly problematic for new and high-quality pages because they may never get a chance to get users' attention, decreasing the overall quality of search results in the long run. In this paper, we propose a new ranking function, called page quality that can alleviate the problem of popularity-based ranking. We first present a formal framework to study the search engine bias by discussing what is an "ideal" way to measure the intrinsic quality of a page. We then compare how PageRank, the current ranking metric used by major search engines, differs from this ideal quality metric. This framework will help us investigate the search engine bias in more concrete terms and provide clear understanding why PageRank is effective in many cases and exactly when it is problematic. We then propose a practical way to estimate the intrinsic page quality to avoid the inherent bias of PageRank. We derive our proposed quality estimator through a careful analysis of a reasonable web user model, and we present experimental results that show the potential of our proposed estimator. We believe that our quality estimator has the potential to alleviate the rich-get-richer phenomenon and help new and high-quality pages get the attention that they deserve.
CXCR4 overexpression: An indicator of poor survival and predictor of response to immunotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. (2022)

3546 Background: CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a ubiquitous chemokine receptor activated by the CXCL12 ligand and is implicated in tumor invasion, metastasis, and immune cell (IC) trafficking. High CXCR4 expression is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). &lt; 10% of metastatic CRC cases harbor microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and demonstrate lower tumor mutation burden (TMB), decreased IC infiltration, and lack of response to current immunotherapy regimens. This study aims to interrogate the role of CXCR4 mRNA expression on the the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its prognostic and predictive value to tailor immunotherapeutic treatment strategies in CRC. Methods: A total of 15,026 CRC samples were analyzed using whole-exome sequencing, whole-transcriptome sequencing, and immunohistochemistry (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ). Study cohort was stratified by CXCR4 mRNA expression levels in quartiles (Q1 (low) vs Q4 (high)). IC fraction was calculated by QuantiSeq, and real-world overall survival information was obtained from insurance claims data and calculated from tissue collection time to last day of contact. Statistical significance was determined using chi-square/Fisher-Exact and adjusted for multiple comparisons (q &lt; 0.05). Results: Samples obtained from metastatic sites showed higher CXCR4 mRNA expression than those from primary tumors (22.7 vs 18.6 median transcripts per million (TPM), p &lt; 0.001). CXCR4 mRNA expression was significantly lower in liver metastases than in non-liver metastases (21.2 vs 24.8 TPM, p &lt; 0.001). Median CXCR4 mRNA expression was highest in the consensus molecular subtypes 4 (33.3 TPM) and lowest in 3 (13.0 TPM, p &lt; 0.05). CXCR4 mRNA expression was positively associated with TMB-H, MSI-H/dMMR, and positive PD-L1 IHC status. In the TME, high CXCR4 mRNA expression was observed in tumors with a higher IC infiltration including B cells, M1/M2 macrophages, NK cells, CD8 + T cells and T-regs, regardless of MSI status. High CXCR4 mRNA expression in the primary tumor was associated with poor prognosis (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70-0.85; p &lt; 0.001), regardless of MSI-status. In metastatic tumors, low mRNA expression was correlated with improved survival (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.99; p = 0.34); however, this did not reach statistical significance in the MSS cohort (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.80-1.0; p = 0.06). Of note, high CXCR4 mRNA expression was associated with improved survival in all patients with CRC who received pembrolizumab (HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.16-3.91; p = 0.013). Conclusions: This is the largest clinical dataset to date demonstrating high CXCR4 expression as a predictor for poor survival in CRC. Furthermore, high CXCR4 expression was associated with improved outcome after checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy, indicating its strong potential as a predictive biomarker that could inform immunotherapeutic strategies in CRC.
Ligand Prediction from Protein Sequence and Small Molecule Information Using Support Vector Machines and Fingerprint Descriptors (2009)

Support vector machine (SVM) database search strategies are presented that aim at the identification of small molecule ligands for targets for which no ligand information is currently available. In pharmaceutical research and chemical biology, this situation is faced, for example, when studying orphan targets or newly identified members of protein families. To investigate methods for de novo ligand identification in the absence of known three-dimensional target structures or active molecules, we have focused on combining sequence and ligand information for closely and distantly related proteins. To provide a basis for these investigations, a set of 11 protease targets from different families was assembled together with more than 2000 inhibitors directed against individual proteases. We have compared SVM approaches that combine protein sequence and ligand information in different ways and utilize 2D fingerprints as ligand descriptors. These methodologies were applied to search for inhibitors of individual proteases not taken into account during learning. A target sequence-ligand kernel and, in particular, a linear combination of multiple target-directed SVMs consistently identified inhibitors with high accuracy including test cases where homology-based similarity searching using data fusion and conventional SVM ranking nearly or completely failed. The SVM linear combination and target-ligand kernel methods described herein are intuitive and straightforward to adopt for ligand prediction against other targets.
Algunos libros de Carlos Sánchez del Río (2013)

Como parte del homenaje postumo que la Revista Espanola de Fisica dedica en este numero al profesor Carlos Sanchez del Rio, recientemente fallecido, esbozare en estas lineas —un tanto apresuradas por las circunstancias— su figura como autor de libros de Fisica, en particular de divulgacion, aunque al final comentare algo acerca de una obra de la que fue colaborador y coordinador que no se enmarca en esta categoria, sino mas bien en la de docencia. Escribo esta nota tambien como modesto homenaje particular a quien fue mi profesor en la Universidad de Madrid (ahora Complutense) y con cuya amistad tuve la satisfaccion de contar anos despues.
Divide and conquer approach to quantum Hamiltonian simulation (2018)

We show a divide and conquer approach for simulating quantum mechanical systems on quantum computers. We can obtain fast simulation algorithms using Hamiltonian structure. Considering a sum of Hamiltonians we split them into groups, simulate each group separately, and combine the partial results. Simulation is customized to take advantage of the properties of each group, and hence yield refined bounds to the overall simulation cost. We illustrate our results using the electronic structure problem of quantum chemistry, where we obtain significantly improved cost estimates under very mild assumptions.
Une plante aux multiples vertus : la pivoine : Guy Ducourthial, «La pivoine, une panacée oubliée», La Revue du praticien, 2001 (2001)

Labrude Pierre. Une plante aux multiples vertus : la pivoine : Guy Ducourthial, «La pivoine, une panacee oubliee», La Revue du praticien, 2001. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 89ᵉ annee, n°332, 2001. p. 561.
The potential health benefits of taurine in cardiovascular disease. (2008)

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid, is found in most mammalian tissues. Although it can be synthesized endogenously, the major source of taurine is from the diet. Taurine was found to exhibit diverse biological actions, including protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, modulation of intracellular calcium concentration, and antioxidant, antiatherogenic and blood pressure-lowering effects. The present review will address the potential beneficial actions of taurine in congestive heart failure, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy. There is a wealth of experimental information and some clinical evidence available in the literature suggesting that taurine could be of benefit in cardiovascular disease of different etiologies. However, double-blind long-term clinical trials need to be conducted before taurine can be unequivocally recommended as a nutritional intervention for the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Practical applications of the total absorption technique (2009)

We present two lines of research that can be considered practical applications of the total absorption technique (TAS). The first application is related to measurements of the beta decay of specific isotopes playing an important role in the heating of nuclear fuel after reactor shutdown. The second concerns the search for optimal beta decay candidates for the construction of a monochromatic neutrino beam facility. The results of the analysis of TAS measurements relevant to these applications will be discussed.
Light arrays: a system for extended engagement (2010)

We present the development vision of a range of interactive body-worn lighting systems for performance, play, rehabilitation and dis- or altered- ability support. The systems combine experimental and off-the-shelf technologies to arrive at outcomes that require and inspire extended physical and expressive engagement, and afford a range of different learning opportunities. We discuss the context and background, our aims and approach - mixing art, design and engineering methodologies. We then outline a number of scenarios of use and their relevance to ArtAbilitation. Our aim is to open up a dialogue with the ArtAbilitation community in the early stages, to generate collaborative interest and inform development.
On Time-Sensitive Revenue Management and Energy Scheduling in Green Data Centers (2014)

In this paper, we design an analytically and experimentally better online energy and job scheduling algorithm with the objective of maximizing net profit for a service provider in green data centers. We first study the previously known algorithms and conclude that these online algorithms have provable poor performance against their worst-case scenarios. To guarantee an online algorithm's performance in hindsight, we design a randomized algorithm to schedule energy and jobs in the data centers and prove the algorithm's expected competitive ratio in various settings. Our algorithm is theoretical-sound and it outperforms the previously known algorithms in many settings using both real traces and simulated data. An optimal offline algorithm is also implemented as an empirical benchmark.
Space-Time Quantum Metasurfaces (2021)

Metasurfaces have recently entered the realm of quantum photonics, enabling manipulation of quantum light using a compact nanophotonic platform. Realizing the full potential of metasurfaces at the deepest quantum level requires the ability to tune coherent light-matter interactions continuously in space and time. Here, we introduce the concept of space-time quantum metasurfaces for arbitrary control of the spectral, spatial, and spin properties of nonclassical light using a compact photonic platform. We show that space-time quantum metasurfaces allow on-demand tailoring of entanglement among all degrees of freedom of a single photon. We also show that spatiotemporal modulation induces asymmetry at the fundamental level of quantum fluctuations, resulting in the generation of steered and vortex photon pairs out of vacuum. Space-time quantum metasurfaces have the potential to enable novel photonic functionalities, such as encoding quantum information into high-dimensional color qudits using designer modulation protocols, sculpting multispectral and multispatial modes in spontaneous emission, and generating reconfigurable hyperentanglement for high-capacity quantum communications.
The Measurement of Molecular Weight Distribution in Polymers by Cross Linking—Solubility Methods1a (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Measurement of Molecular Weight Distribution in Polymers by Cross Linking—Solubility Methods1aWilliam W. GraessleyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1964, 68, 8, 2258–2263Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/j100790a038RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views362Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (522 KB) Get e-Alerts
High sensitivity optochemical and electrochemical metal ion sensor (2013)

A novel sensor that deploys opto‐ and electrochemical techniques for the rapid and highly sensitive separation and detection of metal ions in aqueous media is reported. The sensor comprises a porous membrane coated with an ultra‐thin porous layer of highly ordered, hexagonally packed arrays of metal (Au and Pt) nanoparticles with ≤ 25 nm sub‐gaps. This platform enables an integrated detection method that relies on in‐situ surface enhanced Raman scattering. An additional scheme is utilised based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to increase both the selectivity and the sensitivity of the sensor. Electrochemical separation bolsters the effectiveness of the optical method through ion separation and pre‐concentration. The latter are induced by forcing the liquid electrolyte through the membrane's nanopores through a new proposed method based on surface tension mismatch. The sensor demonstrates high selectivity for six different heavy metal ions (Hg 2+ , Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ ) at concentrations that range from 1 to 20 ppb (1 × 10 −3 –20 × 10 −3 μg/ml). The novelty of this sensor consists of the fact that the separation, pre‐concentration and detection of the targeted ions are all performed in a single stage, eliminating the need for time‐consuming and complex sample preparation steps.