gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glutathione metabolism in sepsis (2007)

Sepsis is characterized by severe redox imbalance. Glutathione plays a major role in cellular defenses against oxidative and nitrosative stress. There is limited information on the response of glutathione synthesis in human sepsis. This review proposes a critical analysis of available data on potential factors affecting glutathione synthesis in sepsis. Glutathione is synthesized from its constituent amino acids--glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. Cysteine availability and the activity of the enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase are rate-limiting for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione synthetic capacity is increased in liver and other tissues during the acute phase of experimental sepsis. Potential mechanisms for glutamate cysteine ligase activation in sepsis involve a decreased ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione as well as the effects of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide species, proinflammatory cytokines, heat shock proteins, and physical inactivity. Glutathione synthesis can be impaired by cysteine depletion, protein-energy malnutrition, hyperglycemia, glucocorticoid at pharmacologic doses, and decreased secretion of anterior pituitary hormones (growth hormones, thyrotropin, gonadotropins), as often observed in prolonged critical illness.
Exploring dependence between brain signals in a monkey during learning (2011)

Our goal is to investigate dependence between brain wave oscillations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the hippocampus (Hc) regions of a macaque monkey during a learning association task. The classical approach to studying dependence in the spectral domain is via cross‐coherence. It is computed for each frequency (or band) and identifies the frequency bands that drive the linear association between the components in a multi‐variate time series. However, cross‐coherence may not fully capture the complex dependence structure in brain signals such as local field potentials. In this article, we develop new tools for discovering associations between the theta (4–8 Hz) and gamma (32–50 Hz) activities at both contemporaneous blocks and lagged time blocks. We propose a class of piecewise harmonizable processes under which we give a precise definition of these dependence measures and develop simple estimators in the case where the time‐series data are recorded over several replicated trials. Our analysis clearly demonstrates strong dependence between the theta and gamma oscillations in the NAc and the Hc regions of a macaque monkey during learning. Moreover, we determined the lagged dependence that differentiate the ‘correct’ responses (i.e., the monkey was able to identify the correct association) from the ‘incorrect’ responses.
High-Flux Beam Source for Cold, Slow Atoms or Molecules (2005)

We demonstrate and characterize a high-flux beam source for cold, slow atoms or molecules. The desired species is vaporized using laser ablation, then cooled by thermalization in a cryogenic cell of buffer gas. The beam is formed by particles exiting a hole in the buffer gas cell. We characterize the properties of the beam (flux, forward velocity, temperature) for both an atom (Na) and a molecule (PbO) under varying buffer gas density, and discuss conditions for optimizing these beam parameters. Our source compares favorably to existing techniques of beam formation, for a variety of applications.
Synthesis and Thermal Stability Studies of CaFe4As3 (2011)

Abstract CaFe 4 As 3 is a new intermetallic structure type that can be described as a framework comprising of FeAs 4 tetrahedra. The structure has similarities to the 1‐2‐2 superconducting phase in that the Fe/As network is related to the ThCr 2 Si 2 structure. In addition, this phase shows magnetic transitions associated with spin density waves. This phase was prepared from a Sn flux, and it has recently been reported that further expansion of this structure type via chemical substitution is limited. We have developed a solid‐state synthesis route for the preparation of CaFe 4 As 3 that involves reacting a stoichiometric combination of the constituent elements. The thermal stability of this material was investigated over the 298–1473 K temperature range. An initial investigation of the Sn grown CaFe 4 As 3 crystals showed that residual Sn that was present on the surface of the crystals reacted with the crystals at temperatures above 1173 K to form new phases. A thermal stability study of Sn‐free CaFe 4 As 3 indicated that it decomposed to give CaFe 2 As 2 and Fe 2 As. The thermal behavior of CaFe 2 As 2 was also investigated and the data showed that it can also form CaFe 4 As 3 at high temperatures. The solid‐state synthesis route presented herein and additional solid solution studies may provide opportunities for the prepartion of materials with this structure type with improved electronic properties.
Architectural Issues in Supporting Ad-hoc Collaboration with Wearable Computers (2007)

This paper reports our experiences in developing Proem, an open software framework for building applications that support ad-hoc collaboration of wearable users. We discuss common tasks of such applications and identify a set of common services to be provided by a future collaboration framework. We propose a concrete collaboration architecture and discuss its properties. INTRODUCTION The use of communication technologies like phone, fax and email has become commonplace. Despite this fact most social interactions between individuals still occur when we meet people face-to-face, i.e. when we are in other peoples&amp;apos; immediate physical proximity, can talk to them, hear their voice, and when we have a chance to look into people&amp;apos;s eyes or observe their gestures. Many face-to-face conversations with other people are actually the result of chance encounters, i.e. situations where we meet someone unexpectedly, for example in a hallway or an elevator. A large majority of the people we encounter...
A Study of the Durability of Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (1995)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Diesel emission control is being addressed worldwide to help preserve the global environment.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In 1994, emission controls in the U.S. called for reduction of diesel particulate matter (PM) to 10 to 20% of 1986's initial limit. In the same year, we developed and marketed small and medium duty trucks which were equipped with PM reduction systems that oxidize soluble organic fraction (SOF) contained in the PM, in order to satisfy these new regulations.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Prior to their marketing, a catalyst was selected from among several types of candidate catalysts. Durability tests were performed using a catalytic converter-equipped small duty truck to verify the durability of the chosen catalyst. The durability test course was set up combining urban areas and expressways in the southern part of California, U.S.A.. The cumulative total distance covered on the test course reached 200,000 km.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;During the durability test, the catalyst was evaluated by measurement of PM emission using a chassis dynamometer. After the durability tests, the catalyst was taken out of the converter muffler. Then microstructural changes in the catalyst were studied by use of various analytical methods.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results of these tests convinced us of catalyst's durability and ability to maintain SOF reduction.&lt;/div&gt;
T1 mapping of the myocardium: intra-individual assessment of post-contrast T1 time evolution and extracellular volume fraction at 3T for Gd-DTPA and Gd-BOPTA (2012)

In comparison to pre-contrast myocardial T1 relaxation time, variation in ECV values of normal subjects is larger. However, absolute differences in ECV between Gd-DTPA and Gd-BOPTA were small and rank correlation was high. There is a small and linear increase in ECV over time, therefore ideally images should be acquired at the same delay after contrast injection.
Figure S3 from Establishment and Genetic Landscape of Precancer Cell Model Systems from the Head and Neck Mucosal Lining (2023)

&lt;p&gt;CN profiles of the cultures of patient HN472 revealed multiple fields, not related to the tumor. (A) CN profile of culture HN472-M1 showed two focal aberrations, a loss at chromosome 7p and an gain at chromosome 18p. In addition, a loss at chromosome 18p was detected. (B) The CN profile of culture HN472-M4 had different CNAs, namely two focal losses at 9p (CDKN2A) and 12q, and a more extensive loss at chromosome 6q. (C) The CN profile of the tumor culture generated of this patient displayed numerous CNAs, however none related to the ones found in the precancer samples. For instance, the deletion at chromosome 9p was not at the location of CDKN2A¸but at the location of another HNSCC-annotated gene; PTPRD (Leemans et al. 2011).&lt;/p&gt;
Robust coding for uncertain sources: a minimax approach (2005)

This paper is concerned with designing minimum average length uniquely decodable codes, for a family of source distributions for which the relative entropy with respect to a given nominal distribution is bounded above by some fixed number. This formulation leads to a minimax source coding problem, in which the minimizing players are the codeword lengths, while the maximizing players are the uncertain source distributions. It is further shown, via a large deviations duality relation, that the minimax source coding problem is equivalent to a coding problem which minimizes the average of an exponential pay-off instead of the conventional average length pay-off. Both Shannon coding and Huffman coding methods are generalized to this new criterion of performance, leading to robust codes which perform well with respect to an uncountable family of source distributions. However, the code lengths are designed with respect to a known nominal distribution, which is obtained either through modeling assumptions or via empirical techniques. Simulations are also presented comparing the Shannon/Huffman codes with the robust codes, when the source distribution is uncertain, while a sensitivity analysis shows that the new codes are much less sensitive to the uncertainty description. In addition, a fixed length source coding theorem is derived in which the encoding error tends to zero as the length of the codes tends to infinity, uniformly over the set of uncertain distributions which satisfy the relative entropy bound. Finally, generalizations to uncertainty described by the total variation norm is discussed.
Surface characterization and antibacterial activity of chitosan‐grafted poly(ethylene terephthalate) prepared by plasma glow discharge (2001)

Abstract Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) texture was exposed to oxygen plasma glow discharge to produce peroxides on its surfaces. These peroxides were then used as catalysts for the polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) in order to prepare a PET introduced by a carboxylic acid group (PET‐A). Chitosan and quaternized chitosan (QC) were then coupled with the carboxyl groups on the PET‐A to obtain chitosan‐grafted PET (PET‐A‐C) and QC‐grafted PET (PET‐A‐QC), respectively. These surface‐modified PETs were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, and a contact angle goniometer. The amounts of AA, chitosan, and QC grafted on the PET surfaces as determined by the gravimetric method were about 6, 8, and 9 μg/cm 2 , respectively. The antibacterial activity of the surface‐modified PET textures was investigated using a shake flask method. After 6 h of shaking, the growth of bacteria was markedly inhibited by PET with ionically (86% in PET‐A − ‐C + ) and covalently (75% in PET‐A‐C) grafted chitosan and with covalently grafted QC (83% in PET‐A‐QC). After the laundering the inhibition of the growth of the bacteria was maintained in the range of 48–58%, showing the fastness of the chitosan‐grafted PET textures against laundering. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2769–2778, 2001
Cytotoxicity of streptavidin-blocked biotinyl-ricin is retrieved by in vitro immunotargeting via biotinyl monoclonal antibody. (1992)

The streptavidin-biotin system has been used to immunotarget whole ricin to tumor cells in a system that overcomes ricin-nonspecific cytotoxicity. Biotin was linked to ricin via a disulfide-containing reagent, sulfosuccinimidyl-2-(biotinamido)ethyl-1,3'-dithiopropionate. The product, biotinyl-S,S-ricin (b-ricin), retained most of its in vitro cytotoxic activity against human epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cells. Complexing b-ricin to streptavidin resulted in greater than 99% loss of its cellular toxicity which is associated with loss of cell-binding activity. The streptavidin-b-ricin complex could, however, be targeted to KB cells via the biotinylated monoclonal antibody 108 which is specific to the epidermal growth factor receptor overexpressed on KB cells. The complex did not regain its activity if the specific antibody was not biotinylated or if the biotinylated antibody was of a different specificity. Streptavidin is thus used to block b-ricin, presumably due to a steric restraint of the streptavidin on the ricin B-chain, and to bridge it to biotinyl antibody recognizing the target cell. Avidin could not replace streptavidin in this system since a complex between b-ricin and avidin retained a major part (60%) of ricin cytotoxic activity. This is attributed to the nonspecific binding of avidin to cells in vitro, including the KB cells. It is suggested that b-ricin is blocked by both streptavidin and avidin, but once the complex gains access to the cell surface, its cytotoxic activity is specifically retrieved.
Crawling and rolling gaits for a coupled-mobility snake robot (2011)

We present a three-dimensional motion planning framework for a coupled-mobility snake robot that incorporates centipede-like crawling and a variety of rolling gaits. The snake robot is equipped with a number of feet on its underside that enable it to crawl over and around obstacles. Due to its flexible body structure, the snake also retains the ability to move without the aid of its feet, through internally induced bending motions - in this paper we focus specifically on a class of lateral rolling gaits. The motion planning framework is based on fitting the snake robot's kinematic structure to a three-dimensional spline curve passing through prescribed interpolation points. In the case of linear crawling, the curve defines a path to which the snake is fitted as it crawls forward. For a rolling gait, the curve is used to define the shape of the snake as it repeatedly rolls about its own center axis. The framework outlined in this paper can be adapted to a wide range of modular snake robots. Numerical results demonstrating the computation of joint angle trajectories for two different rolling gaits are presented.
Perceived 3D TV Transmission Quality Assessment: Multi-Laboratory Results Using Absolute Category Rating on Quality of Experience Scale (2012)

Inspired by the rapidly increasing popularity of 3D movies, there is an industrial push for 3DTV services to the home. One important factor for the success and acceptance by the viewers is a positive quality of experience (QoE) of the new service when delivered. The questions of how to efficiently deliver 3DTV service to the home, and how to evaluate the visual quality perceived by end users are a recent research focus. We have investigated users' experience of stereoscopic 3D video quality by preparing two subjective assessment datasets. The first dataset aimed at the evaluation of efficient transmission in the transmission error free case, while the second focused on error concealment. A total of three subjective assessments, two for first dataset and one for the second, were performed using the Absolute Category Rating with Hidden unimpaired Reference video (ACR-HR) method. The experimental setup allows to show that the ACR-HR subjective method provides repeatable results across labs and across conditions for video quality. It was also verified that MVC is more efficient than H.264 simulcast coding. Furthermore it was discovered that based on the same level of quality of experience spatial down-sampling may lead to better bitrate efficiency while temporal down-sampling is not acceptable. When network impairments occur, traditional error 2D concealment methods need to be reinvestigated as they were outperformed by displaying the same view for both eyes (switching to 2D presentation).
Principal states of polarization for an optical pulse (1999)

We propose a generalized definition of principal states of polarization for an optical pulse with arbitrary spectral components. Similar to the principal states defined by Poole et al. (see Electron. Lett. vol. 22, p. 1029, 1986) we show that regardless of the spectral components of the pulse, there exist two orthogonal input states of polarization which minimize/maximize the delay of the pulse. At the output of the fiber, these two principal states of the pulse, although depolarized, are also always orthogonal to each other.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Effects on Neglect: A Visual-Evoked Potential Study (2013)

We studied the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in six right-brain-damaged patients with left unilateral spatial neglect (USN), using both standard clinical tests (reading, line, and letter cancelation, and line bisection), and electrophysiological measures (steady-state visual-evoked potentials, SSVEP). TENS was applied on left neck muscles for 15', and measures were recorded before, immediately after, and 60' after stimulation. Behavioral results showed that the stimulation temporarily improved the deficit in all patients. In cancelation tasks, omissions and performance asymmetries between the two hand-sides were reduced, as well as the rightward deviation in line bisection. Before TENS, SSVEP average latency to stimuli displayed in the left visual half-field [LVF (160 ms)] was remarkably longer than to stimuli shown in the right visual half-field [RVF (120 ms)]. Immediately after TENS, latency to LVF stimuli was 130 ms; 1 h after stimulation the effect of TENS faded, with latency returning to baseline. TENS similarly affected also the latency SSVEP of 12 healthy participants, and their line bisection performance, with effects smaller in size. The present study, first, replicates evidence concerning the positive behavioral effects of TENS on the manifestations of left USN in right-brain-damaged patients; second, it shows putatively related electrophysiological effects on the SSVEP latency. These behavioral and novel electrophysiological results are discussed in terms of specific directional effects of left somatosensory stimulation on egocentric coordinates, which in USN patients are displaced toward the side of the cerebral lesion. Showing that visual-evoked potentials latency is modulated by proprioceptive stimulation, we provide electrophysiological evidence to the effect that TENS may improve some manifestations of USN, with implications for its rehabilitation.
Heterogeneous Von Neumann/dataflow microprocessors (2019)

General-purpose processors (GPPs), which traditionally rely on a Von Neumann-based execution model, incur burdensome power overheads, largely due to the need to dynamically extract parallelism and maintain precise state. Further, it is extremely difficult to improve their performance without increasing energy usage. Decades-old explicit-dataflow architectures eliminate many Von Neumann overheads, but have not been successful as stand-alone alternatives because of poor performance on certain workloads, due to insufficient control speculation and communication overheads. We observe a synergy between out-of-order (OOO) and explicit-dataflow processors, whereby dynamically switching between them according to the behavior of program phases can greatly improve performance and energy efficiency. This work studies the potential of such a paradigm of heterogeneous execution models, by developing a specialization engine for explicit-dataflow (SEED) and integrating it with a standard out-of-order (OOO) core. When integrated with a dual-issue OOO, it becomes both faster (1.33x) and dramatically more energy efficient (1.70x). Integrated with an in-order core, it becomes faster than even a dual-issue OOO, with twice the energy efficiency.
Pyomyositis in Children and Adolescents: Report of 12 Cases and Review of the Literature (1999)

Pyomyositis initially was observed more commonly in the developing world but now is reported with increasing frequency in the United States. The presentation is nonspecific and the differential diagnoses are many. We found the clinical history, laboratory findings, and response to treatment similar to those observed in different areas of the world. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium injection, in addition to helping to make the diagnosis, may help differentiate between early and late stages that help guide treatment. Coexisting bone changes (58%) may represent either the sensitivity of MRI to reactive inflammatory changes or the presence of a coexisting osteomyelitis. All patients responded to antibiotics and drainage if abscesses were present. Although the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy remains unclear, a shorter course should be considered in patients with a good clinical response, even when MRI shows nonspecific bony abnormalities. Percutaneous drainage was successful in five cases and may represent an alternative to the traditional surgical approach.
Impulsivity and polysubstance use: A systematic comparison of delay discounting in mono-, dual-, and trisubstance use. (2015)

Understanding the association between polysubstance use and impulsivity is pertinent to treatment planning and efficacy. Delay discounting, a measure of impulsivity, supplies the rate at which a reinforcer loses value as the temporal delay to its receipt increases. Excessive delay discounting has been widely observed among drug-using individuals, though the impact of using more than 1 substance has been only minimally studied. Here, after controlling for demographic variables, we systematically compared delay discounting in community controls, heavy smokers, and alcohol- and cocaine-dependent individuals to assess the impact of non-, mono-, dual-, and trisubstance use. All substance-using groups discounted significantly more than did community controls (p < .05). Additionally, groups that smoked cigarettes in addition to another substance dependency discounted significantly more than did the group that smoked cigarettes only (p < .05). Last, trisubstance users who were alcohol-dependent, cocaine-dependent, and heavy cigarette smokers discounted significantly more than did heavy smokers (p < .01). However, trisubstance users did not discount significantly more than did any dual-substance group. Trisubstance use was associated with greater impulsivity than was monosubstance smoking but exhibited no greater impulsivity than did dual-substance use, suggesting a ceiling effect on discounting when more than 2 substances are in use. The present study suggests that smokers who engage in additional substance use may experience worse treatment outcomes, given that excessive discounting is predictive of poor therapeutic outcomes in several studies.
Concomitant evaluation of functional signatures of tumor-associated immune responses and circulating tumor cells (2014)

International audience
Training With Lighter Baseballs Increases Velocity Without Increasing the Injury Risk (2020)

A 15-week pitching training program with lighter baseballs significantly improved pitching velocity without causing any injuries, specifically to the shoulder or elbow. Lighter baseballs should be considered as an alternative to weighted baseballs when attempting to increase a pitcher's velocity.