gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pickering Emulsions: Recent Studies of Pickering Emulsions: Particles Make the Difference (Small 34/2016) (2016)

Pickering emulsions, stabilized by various micro- or nanoparticles with different structures, morphologies or other characteristics, possess distinctive properties and versatile functions comparing with classical emulsions stabilized by surfactants. In recent years their applications, especially in the biomedical field, have been carried out extensively and widely such as templates to prepare colloidosomes, as oral or topical delivery system. These emulsions are reviewed by J. Wu and G.-H. Ma on page 4633.
BβGlu397 and BβAsp398 but Not BβAsp432 Are Required for “B:b” Interactions, (2004)

We synthesized three fibrinogen variants, BbetaE397A, BbetaD398A, and BbetaD432A, with substitutions at positions identified in crystallographic studies as critical for binding the "B" peptide, Gly-His-Arg-Pro-amide (GHRPam), to the "b" polymerization site. We examined thrombin- and batroxobin-catalyzed polymerization by turbidity measurements and found that BbetaE397A and BbetaD398A were impaired while BbetaD432A was normal. Changes in polymerization as a function of calcium were similar for variant and normal fibrinogens. We determined crystal structures of fragment D from the variant BbetaD398A in the absence and presence of GHRPam. In the absence of peptide, the structure showed that the alanine substitution altered only specific local interactions, as alignment of the variant structure with the analogous normal structure resulted in an RMSD of 0.53 A over all atoms. The structure also showed reduced occupancy of the beta2 calcium-binding site that includes the side chain carbonyl of BbetaD398, suggesting that calcium was not bound at this site in our polymerization studies. In the presence of peptide, the structure showed that GHRPam was not bound in the "b" site and the conformational changes associated with peptide binding to normal fragment D did not occur. This structure also showed GHRPam bound in the "a" polymerization site, although in two different conformations. Calcium binding was associated with only one of these conformations, suggesting that calcium binding to the gamma2-site and an alternative peptide conformation were induced by crystal packing. We conclude that BbetaE397 and BbetaD398 are essential for the "B:b" interaction, while BbetaD432 is not.
A C-Terminal Fragment of Agouti-Related Protein Increases Feeding and Antagonizes the Effect of Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormonein Vivo (1998)

Agouti-related protein (Agrp) is present in rat and human hypothalamus and is structurally related to agouti protein. Overexpression of either of these proteins results in obesity. However the effect of exogenous Agrp and its in vivo interaction with alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alphaMSH), the likely endogenous melanocortin 3 and 4 receptor (MC3-R and MC4-R) agonist, have not been demonstrated. We report that 1 nmol of Agrp(83-132), a C-terminal fragment of Agrp, when administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) into rats, increased food intake over a 24-h period (23.0+/-1.4 g saline vs 32.9+/-2.3 g Agrp, p<0.05). The hyperphagia was similar to that seen when 1 nmol of the synthetic MC3-R and MC4-R antagonist SHU9119 was given i.c.v. (19.6+/-1.8 g saline vs 32.5+/-1.7 g SHU9119, p<0.001). Both Agrp(83-132) and SHU9119 blocked the reduction in 1-h food intake of i.c.v. alphaMSH at the beginning of the dark phase. This effect occurred independently of whether the antagonists were administered simultaneously, or nine hours prior, to the alphaMSH. We have also shown Agrp(83-132) is an antagonist at the MC3-R and MC4-R, with similar inhibition of cAMP activation to that previously reported for the full length peptide. In conclusion, Agrp(83-132) administered i.c.v. increases feeding with long lasting effects and is able to inhibit the action of alphaMSH. This interaction may be mediated by the MC3-R and/or MC4-R.
Title to be Announced (2016)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. L. Gaeta, "Title to be Announced," in Frontiers in Optics 2016, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2016), paper LW2I.2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
E2F1 proteolysis via SCF ‐cyclin F underlies synthetic lethality between cyclin F loss and Chk1 inhibition (2019)

Cyclins are central engines of cell cycle progression in conjunction with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Among the different cyclins controlling cell cycle progression, cyclin F does not partner with a CDK, but instead forms via its F-box domain an SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F-box)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase module. Although various substrates of cyclin F have been identified, the vulnerabilities of cells lacking cyclin F are not known. Thus, we assessed viability of cells lacking cyclin F upon challenging them with more than 180 different kinase inhibitors. The screen revealed a striking synthetic lethality between Chk1 inhibition and cyclin F loss. Chk1 inhibition in cells lacking cyclin F leads to DNA replication catastrophe. Replication catastrophe depends on accumulation of the transcription factor E2F1 in cyclin F-depleted cells. We find that SCF-cyclin F controls E2F1 ubiquitylation and degradation during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and upon challenging cells with Chk1 inhibitors. Thus, Cyclin F restricts E2F1 activity during the cell cycle and upon checkpoint inhibition to prevent DNA replication stress. Our findings pave the way for patient selection in the clinical use of checkpoint inhibitors.
Association of the GRIN2B rs2284411 polymorphism with methylphenidate response in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2016)

The results suggest that the GRIN2B rs2284411 genotype may be an important predictor of MPH response in ADHD.
Pin1 regulates TGF-β1 production by activated human and murine eosinophils and contributes to allergic lung fibrosis (2008)

Eosinophilic inflammation is a cornerstone of chronic asthma that often culminates in subepithelial fibrosis with variable airway obstruction. Pulmonary eosinophils (Eos) are a predominant source of TGF-beta1, which drives fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. We investigated the regulation of TGF-beta1 and show here that the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) Pin1 promoted the stability of TGF-beta1 mRNA in human Eos. In addition, Pin1 regulated cytokine production by both in vitro and in vivo activated human Eos. We found that Pin1 interacted with both PKC-alpha and protein phosphatase 2A, which together control Pin1 isomerase activity. Pharmacologic blockade of Pin1 in a rat asthma model selectively reduced eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation, TGF-beta1 and collagen expression, and airway remodeling. Furthermore, chronically challenged Pin1(-/-) mice showed reduced peribronchiolar collagen deposition compared with wild-type controls. These data suggest that pharmacologic suppression of Pin1 may be a novel therapeutic option to prevent airway fibrosis in individuals with chronic asthma.
Pig bone derived hierarchical porous carbon and its enhanced cycling performance of lithium–sulfur batteries (2011)

Pig bone derived carbon with a unique hierarchical porous structure was prepared by potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation. The effects of activation temperature on the textural properties of the pig bone based carbons were investigated. The hierarchical porous carbons exhibit the largest BET specific surface areas and pore volume when the activation temperature reaches 850 °C, and the carbon still maintains a highly hierarchical structure even when the temperature is up to 950 °C. The pig bone derived hierarchical porous carbon/sulfur composites have been tested as a novel cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries. The result shows that the cycle stability and the utilization of sulfur in the lithium–sulfur batteries have been largely improved. The hierarchical porous carbon/sulfur cathode has a high initial capacity of 1265 mAh g−1 and 643 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles, which is higher than that of the normal cathodes with compact structures.
Raman study of the preparation of silica-supported titania from titanium tetrachloride and hydrogen chloride (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRaman study of the preparation of silica-supported titania from titanium tetrachloride and hydrogen chlorideMark G. Reichmann and Alexis T. BellCite this: Langmuir 1987, 3, 1, 111–116Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00073a020https://doi.org/10.1021/la00073a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preequilibrium (p,n) reaction as a probe for the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction in multistep direct processes (1990)

The spectral continua ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{n}}$\ensuremath{\ge}30 MeV of neutrons from the reactions $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$, $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$(p,xn) have been measured for ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{p}}$=120 and 160 MeV and angles 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\le}145\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Angular distributions can be explained quantitatively in absolute values and shapes over five orders of magnitude as statistical multistep direct emission in which up to six steps are involved with significant contributions. The strength ${\mathit{V}}_{0}$ of the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction applied shows a systematic dependence on the projectile energy ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{p}}$\ensuremath{\le}160 MeV that is consistent with that of spectroscopic factors for single step distorted-wave Born approximation results for transitions to low-lying states. The data also agree well with predictions of a recent phenomenological parametrization.
Balanced Scorecard using System Dynamics for Evaluating IT Investment (2008)

IT investment is usually very costly and takes a long time to get the results out of investment. However, most of currently available evaluation methods for IT investment are based upon short-term effects, hence their results are not fully trustworthy. In addition, those methods commonly consider only financial aspects such as ROI. For more reliable evaluation, it is necessary to consider non-financial factors such as system utilization, customer satisfaction, public relations, and so on, as well as financial factors. In this research, we propose an evaluation method that can evaluate both financial and non-financial aspects on a long-term base. For this purpose, we employed the research results developed in System dynamics and Balanced scorecard. System dynamics is useful in analyzing long term behavior of a given system, and Balanced scorecard is useful for evaluating both financial and non-financial aspects. We demonstrated the usefulness of our method by applying it to the evaluation of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) investment in a distribution and retail industry. From this application, we found that RFID investment may not be rewarding in the short term, but is sure to be returning the income relative to its investment in the long run.
Scatterometry based overlay metrology (2008)

With the advancement of lithography, the overlay budget is becoming extremely tight. As the accuracy of overlay is important for achieving a good yield, the demand for the accuracy of overlay is ever increasing. According to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), the overlay control budget for the 32nm technology node will be 5.7nm. The overlay metrology budget is typically 1/10 of the overlay control budget resulting in overlay metrology total measurement uncertainty (TMU) requirements of 0.57nm for the most challenging use cases of the 32nm node. The current state of the art imaging overlay metrology technology does not meet this strict requirement, and further technology development is required to bring it to this level. Especially for exposure tool inspection (e.g. alignment, overlay, wafer stage and distortion), more high accuracy should be required using 'resist to resist' pattern. In this work we simulated the measurement sensitivity for two types of scatterometry based overlay metrology, one is differential signal scatterometry overlay (SCOL), the other is double exposure type (DET).
An Efficient Data Assimilation Schema for Restoration and Extension of Gene Regulatory Networks Using Time-Course Observation Data (2014)

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) play a central role in sustaining complex biological systems in cells. Although we can construct GRNs by integrating biological interactions that have been recorded in literature, they can include suspicious data and a lack of information. Therefore, there has been an urgent need for an approach by which the validity of constructed networks can be evaluated; simulation-based methods have been applied in which biological observational data are assimilated. However, these methods apply nonlinear models that require high computational power to evaluate even one network consisting of only several genes. Therefore, to explore candidate networks whose simulation models can better predict the data by modifying and extending literature-based GRNs, an efficient and versatile method is urgently required. We applied a combinatorial transcription model, which can represent combinatorial regulatory effects of genes, as a biological simulation model, to reproduce the dynamic behavior of gene expressions within a state space model. Under the model, we applied the unscented Kalman filter to obtain the approximate posterior probability distribution of the hidden state to efficiently estimate parameter values maximizing prediction ability for observational data by the EM-algorithm. Utilizing the method, we propose a novel algorithm to modify GRNs reported in the literature so that their simulation models become consistent with observed data. The effectiveness of our approach was validated through comparison analysis to the previous methods using synthetic networks. Finally, as an application example, a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)-based yeast cell cycle network was extended with additional candidate genes to better predict the real mRNA expressions data using the proposed method.
Bioenergy Crisis in Coronavirus Diseases? (2020)

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO).[...].
Smart image sensor with adaptive correction of brightness (2012)

Today, intelligent image sensors require the integration in the focal plane (or near the focal plane) of complex algorithms for image processing. Such devices must meet the constraints related to the quality of acquired images, speed and performance of embedded processing, as well as low power consumption. To achieve these objectives, analog pre-processing are essential, on the one hand, to improve the quality of the images making them usable whatever the light conditions, and secondly, to detect regions of interest (ROIs) to limit the amount of pixels to be transmitted to a digital processor performing the high-level processing such as feature extraction for pattern recognition. To show that it is possible to implement analog pre-processing in the focal plane, we have designed and implemented in 130nm CMOS technology, a test circuit with groups of 4, 16 and 144 pixels, each incorporating analog average calculations.
Improved Anaerobic Process Efficiency Using Mesophilic and Thermophilic Elutriated Phased Treatment (2004)

An innovative anaerobic digestion elutriated phased treatment (ADEPT) has been evaluated at mesophilic (M-ADEPT) (35°C) and thermophilic (T-ADEPT) (55°C) temperatures in which the organic loading rate (OLR) was increased until reactor failure (pH<5.5). Single-stage continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) at both temperatures were also operated as controls (M-CSTR for 35°C and T-CSTR for 55°C). The T-CSTR failed at an OLR of 7.4 g volatile solid (VS)/L day and the M-CSTR at an OLR of 10 g VS/L day while the M-ADEPT continued until an OLR of 18 g VS/L day and the T-ADEPT reached an OLR of 24 g VS/L day before system failure. The T-CSTR produced the poorest effluent quality as manifested by high propionate concentrations (1,500–2,500 mg/L) while both M-ADEPT and T-ADEPT produced much better quality of effluent with propionate concentrations below 100 mg/L. Thus it appears that the T-ADEPT design may solve effluent quality problems associated with normally high propionate concentrations produced during thermophilic anaerobic digestion. Superior effluent quality, reduced reactor volume requirements, more stable methanogenesis due to the extended solids retention time, and uncoupling of the methanogen wasting from the refractory sludge wasting process resulted in stable and efficient processing at both temperatures for the innovative ADEPT design. Because the higher amounts of volatile fatty acids produced in the acid elutriation phase of the ADEPT system can be a favorable carbon source for biological nutrient removal in wastewater treatment plants, this positive aspect should be considered in future applications of the ADEPT system.
On the Complete Kelvin Equation (2001)

The Kelvin equation quantifies the deviation in equilibrium vapor pressure above a curved surface from that which would exist above a plane surface at the same temperature.  The correct equation and its derivation have been presented in the literature and can even be found in a minority of textbooks.  The majority of textbooks, however, have this equation and its derivation incorrect.  Herein, a complete discussion of the Kelvin Equation and its derivation is presented and errors in often-published derivations of the Kelvin Equation are explicitly pointed out.
Overview (2005)

The 1997 Asian financial crisis showed that inconsistent macroeconomic policies can imperil the safety of financial systems, and that weak financial systems can also easily undermine macroeconomic fundamentals. With increasing globalization and international capital flows, vulnerabilities in one economy can quickly spill over to affect others. Wise policy choices and institutional reforms not only benefit a country itself, but also benefit neighbors with closely tied economies. Consequently, there has been heightened interest since the crisis in strengthening economic and financial risk management at national, regional, and international levels. Improved risk management mechanisms within and among countries, including information exchange, regional economic monitoring, and policy dialogue, are increasingly being recognized as vital for maintaining domestic, regional, and global economic and financial stability.
Anisotropic Hydrogel from Complexation-Driven Reorientation of Semirigid Polyanion at Ca2+Diffusion Flux Front (2011)

We report a macroscopically anisotropic hydrogel developed by the facile dialysis of a synthetic semirigid polyanion in aqueous solution of multivalent cations. By the uniaxial diffusion of Ca2+ into two ends of a thin rectangular reaction cell containing semirigid polyanion poly(2,2′-disulfonyl-4,4′-benzidine terephthalamide) (PBDT) aqueous solution, centimeter-scale anisotropic hydrogels with the PBDT molecules and their self-assembled fibrous bundles align in perpendicular to the Ca2+ diffusion direction are obtained. The anisotropic gel shows a higher elastic modulus and tensile fracture stress/strain in the direction parallel to the PBDT orientation than that of perpendicular direction. By observing in situ the gelation process, an extraordinary molecular reorientation of PBDT at the Ca2+ diffusion flux front is observed for the first time. The mechanism for the molecular reorientation is discussed in terms of complexation and gelation.
Source Camera Verification for Strongly Stabilized Videos (2020)

Image stabilization performed during imaging and/or post-processing poses one of the most significant challenges to photo-response non-uniformity based source camera attribution from videos. When performed digitally, stabilization involves cropping, warping, and inpainting of video frames to eliminate unwanted camera motion. Hence, successful attribution requires inversion of these transformations in a blind manner. To address this challenge, we introduce a source camera verification method for videos that takes into account spatially variant nature of stabilization transformations and assumes a larger degree of freedom in their search. Our method identifies transformations at a sub-frame level, incorporates a number of constraints to validate their correctness, and offers computational flexibility in the search for the correct transformation. The method also adopts a holistic approach in countering disruptive effects of other video generation steps, such as video coding and downsizing, for more reliable attribution. Tests performed on one public and two custom datasets show that the proposed method is able to verify the source of 23-30% of all videos that underwent stronger stabilization, depending on computation load, without a significant impact on false attribution.
Continuum description of profile scaling in nanostructure decay (2004)

The relaxation of axisymmetric crystal surfaces with a single facet below the roughening transition is studied via a continuum approach that accounts for step energy ${g}_{1}$ and step-step interaction energy ${g}_{3}&gt;0.$ For diffusion-limited kinetics, free-boundary, and boundary-layer theories are used for self-similar shapes close to the growing facet. For long times and ${g}_{3}{/g}_{1}&lt;1,$ (a) a universal equation is derived for the shape profile, (b) the layer thickness varies as ${(g}_{3}{/g}_{1}{)}^{1/3},$ (c) distinct solutions are found for different ${g}_{3}{/g}_{1},$ and (d) for conical shapes, the profile peak scales as ${(g}_{3}{/g}_{1}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1/6}.$ These results compare favorably with kinetic simulations.