gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation of the Surface Recombination Current with an Ideality Factor of Unity in AlGaAs/GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (1991)

The surface recombination current with an ideality factor of unity was clearly observed in AlGaAs/GaAs abrupt heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with the uniform base structure. This was derived from the difference in the base current of HBTs with and without a surface passivation layer of depleted AlGaAs. It had a linear dependence on the emitter mesa perimeter and had no component with an ideality factor of two even at a low base-emitter bias. The results were explained by a simple analysis assuming a high surface recombination velocity.
Structural behavior of competitive temperature and pH-responsive tethered polymer layers (2017)

Herein, we develop a molecular theory to examine a class of pH and temperature-responsive tethered polymer layers. The response of pH depends on intramolecular charge repulsion of weakly acidic monomers and the response of temperature depends on hydrogen bonding between polymer monomers and water molecules akin to the behavior of water-soluble polymers such as PEG (poly-ethylene glycol) or NIPAAm (n-isopropylacrylamide). We investigate the changes in structural behavior that result for various end-tethered copolymers: pH/T responsive monomers alone, in alternating sequence with hydrophobic monomers, and as 50/50 diblocks with hydrophobic monomers. We find that the sequence and location of hydrophobic units play a critical role in the thermodynamic stability and structural behavior of these responsive polymer layers. Additionally, the polymers exhibit tunable collapse when varying the surface coverage, location and sequence of hydrophobic units as a function of temperature and pH. As far as we know, our results present the first molecularly detailed theory for end-tethered polymers that are both pH and temperature-responsive via hydrogen bonding. We propose that this work holds predictive power for the guided design of future biomaterials.
Sugar-binding and crystallographic studies of an arabinose-binding protein mutant (Met108Leu) that exhibits enhanced affinity and altered specificity (1991)

In addition to hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces contribute to the affinity of protein-carbohydrate interactions. Nonpolar van der Waals contacts in the complexes of the L-arabinose-binding protein (ABP) with monosaccharides have been studied by means of site-directed mutagenesis, equilibrium and rapid kinetic binding techniques, and X-ray crystallography. ABP, a periplasmic transport receptor of Escherichia coli, binds L-arabinose, D-galactose, and D-fucose with preferential affinity in the order of Ara greater than Gal much greater than Fuc. Well-refined, high-resolution structures of ABP complexed with the three sugars revealed that the structural differences in the ABP-sugar complexes are localized around C5 of the sugars, where the equatorial H of Ara has been substituted for CH3 (Fuc) or CH2OH (Gal). The side chain of Met108 undergoes a sterically dictated, ligand-specific, conformational change to optimize nonpolar interactions between its methyl group and the sugar. We found that the Met108Leu ABP binds Gal tighter than wild-type ABP binds Ara and exhibits a preference for ligand in the order of Gal much greater than Fuc greater than Ara. The differences in affinity can be attributed to differences in the dissociation rates of the ABP-sugar complexes. We have refined at better than 1.7-A resolution the crystal structures of the Met108Leu ABP complexed with each of the sugars and offer a molecular explanation for the altered binding properties.
Effect of Copper Phthalocyanine Derivative on the Mechanical Property. (1995)

The interaction between copper phthalocyanine (CuPC) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)was investigated. Th e differrence spectrum between 10-5 mol dm-3 CuPC + 0.01 mol dm-3PMMA acetone solution and 10-5 mol dm-3CuPC acetone solution showed a mini. at 625 nm and a maximum at 640 nm and the existence of the relatively strong interaction between CuPC and PMMA were recognized. The dynamic modulus of PMMA including 1 mol% CuPC was 2.5 times greater than that of pure PMMA. It was shown by employing SAICAS method that cutting strength of PMMA including 1 mol% CuPC was lower than that of pure PMMA. Comparison of the thermal gravitation curve of pure PMMA with that of PMMA including CuPC indicated that heat resistance of PMMA including CuPC was higher than that of pure PMMA.
Constrained Analogues of Procaine as Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of DNA Methyltransferase-1 (2008)

Constrained analogues of procaine were synthesized, and their inhibiting activity against DNMT1 was tested. Among them, the most potent compound, derivative 3b, was also able to induce a recognizable demethylation of chromosomal satellite repeats in HL60 human myeloid leukemia cells and thus represents a lead compound for the development of a novel class of non-nucleoside DNMT1 inhibitors.
Unusual Coumarin Patterns of Pelargonium Species Forming the Origin of the Traditional Herbal Medicine Umckaloabo (2000)

Abstract The coumarin patterns of Pelargonium sidoides DC. and Pelargonium reniforme CURT., forming the origin of the herbal medicine “umckaloabo”, were analysed and compared for therapeutic equivalence. For both species, members of tri- and tetraoxygenated coumarins almost exclusively were present in the respective metabolic pools. However, the roots of P. sidoides and P. reniforme expressed conspicuously distinct coumarin variations, with umckalin, its 7-O-methyl ether, 7-acetoxy-5,6-dimethoxycoumarin, 6,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin, 6,8-dihydroxy-5,7-tetramethoxycoumarin, artelin and three unique coumarin sulfates as uncommon metabolites of this class of secondary products of P. sidoides. Furthermore, the highly oxygenated but known coumarins fraxinol, isofraxetin and fraxidin were associated with the new 8-hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxycoumarin as representatives of P. reniforme. Of the twelve identified coumarins only the two species shared the ubiquitous scopoletin and the unique 6,7,8-trihydroxycoumarin. From the oxygenation patterns it is evident that the majority of these Pelargonium coumarins match the recently established basic structural requirements for marked antibacterial activity, i.e. the presence of a methoxy function at C-7 and an OH group at either the C-6 or C-8 position. The current data on the coumarin profiles of each Pelargonium species also indicate a previous erroneous identification of the plant material claimed to be P. reniforme. Absence and presence of umckalin and its 7-O-methyl ether defines P. reniforme and P. sidoides, respectively.
Application of Ground‐Penetrating‐Radar Methods in Hydrogeologie Studies (1991)

Abstract A ground‐penetrating‐radar system was used to study selected stratified‐drift deposits in Connecticut. Ground‐penetrating radar is a surface‐geophysical method that depends on the emission, transmission, reflection, and reception of an electromagnetic pulse and can produce continuous high‐resolution profiles of the subsurface rapidly and efficiently. Traverse locations on land included a well field in the town of Mansfield, a sand and gravel pit and a farm overlying a potential aquifer in the town of Coventry, and Haddam Meadows State Park in the town of Haddam. Traverse locations on water included the Willimantic River in Coventry and Mansfield Hollow Lake in Mansfield. The penetration depth of the radar signal ranged from about 20 feet in fine‐grained glaciolacustrine sediments to about 70 feet in coarse sand and gravel. Some land records in coarse‐grained sediments show a distinct, continuous reflection from the water table about 5 to 11 feet below land surface. Parallel reflectors on the records are interpreted as fine‐grained sediments. Hummocky or chaotic reflectors are interpreted as cross‐bedded or coarse‐grained sediments. Other features observed on some of the radar records include the till and bedrock surface. Records collected on water had distinct water‐bottom multiples (more than one reflection) and diffraction patterns from boulders. The interpretation of the radar records, which required little or no processing, was verified by using lithologie logs from test holes located along some of the land traverses and near the water traverses.
Size Dispersion of Magnetic Dots Arranged in a Hexagonal Guide (2008)

Patterned magnetic dots were fabricated by an Artificially Assisted Self-Assembling (AASA) method, and the dot size dispersion was estimated. In AASA method, self-assembled polymer dots are formed in a groove guide and are used for the etching mask. It is found that the dispersion of the size of the magnetic dots (average diameter: 23nm, average pitch: 45nm) can be reduced by optimizing the guide shape. Decreasing the molecular weight of the polymer is also found to be effective to reduce the dot size dispersion. Dispersion of 10.6 % was achieved using a hexagonal guide. This feature is advantageous to the patterned magnetic recording media compare to the electron beam lithography, where the dispersion is increased with the patterning size.
Effect of Steam Sterilization on the Rheology of Polymer Solutions (2003)

The effect of steam sterilization (dwell@121 degrees C) on the apparent viscosity of solutions of carbomer 940P, guar gum, hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), and xanthan gum was studied. Guar gum and carbomer 940P could be steam sterilized for 30 min without any change in the apparent viscosity. Steam sterilization of HEC and xanthan gum resulted in a substantial decrease in the apparent viscosity and the desirable shear-thinning rheology. The addition of sodium chloride to either polymer prior to steam sterilization diminished the effect of sterilization on the rheology. The apparent viscosity of xanthan solutions was not significantly affected if the solution was made isotonic with sodium chloride (0.15 M). The addition of sodium chloride to xanthan gum after steam sterilization resulted in full recovery of the initial rheological properties. Carbomers, guar gum, and xanthan (in 0.15 M NaCI) are candidates for use in pharmaceutical solutions/suspensions that are subjected to steam sterilization.
Introduction to Distributed and Renewable Electric Energy Resources Minitrack (2015)

The role of distributed and variable renewable resources as major participants in power system operations and markets has grown beyond the point of speculation in many jurisdictions. Alongside that market growth, the capabilities of distributed and renewable resources have been maturing to the point where it no longer makes sense to view these resources as constraints. Markets and policies, however, have been slower to catch up than has technology. Despite rapid progress in resource technologies and control systems, efficient integration of distributed, variable and uncertain system resources with portfolios of existing resources requires additional evolution in planning, operation and control This mini-track features papers across two sessions that address issues in system design and control for distributed resources (small-scale power generation and demand-side resources) and integration of variable renewables in market and system operations.
CT‐based simulation with laser patient marking (1993)

A CT-based simulator has been assembled based on a commercial CT scanner, virtual simulation software developed at the University of North Carolina and a laser drawing device to transfer the radiation portals from the virtual simulator to the patient. The simulation process can be completed in approximately 1 h; under most cases, the treatment portals can be designed and the patient marked in one session. The device has an inherent accuracy of +/- 1 mm. The portal projection accuracy in clinical cases is observed to be better than 2 mm.
Visualizing second-order tensor fields with hyperstreamlines (1993)

A method developed to help scientists visualize 3D tensor data is presented. The method is based on the concept of a hyperstreamline, the simplest continuous tensor structure that can be extracted from a tensor field. Hyperstreamlines for a particular case of symmetric tensor fields are introduced, and a structural depiction of symmetric tensor fields is derived from the representation of many hyperstreamlines. A method for visualizing unsymmetric tensor data by encoding an additional vector field along the trajectory of the hyperstreamlines is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Robust Design of Product Families for Make-to-Order Systems (1998)

Abstract Although manufacturing plants dedicated to a single product exist, most plants today make multiple products. The pressure to compete via product variety and customization has served to increase the number of different products produced by a typical plant. The manufacturing systems of complex make-to-order families of products usually face problems associated with the high variability of processing times, supply deliveries and market demand. How can product design improve the performance of the manufacturing system of complex make-to-order products? In this paper we present a method, based on robust design principles and a multi-objective decision model embodied in the Robust Concept Exploration Method, to support concurrent decisions in the early stages of the design of make-to-order families of products. Emphasis is given to adopting standardization, modularity and robustness in product design as key principles to improve the performance of this kind of systems. The design of an absorber-evaporator module for a family of absorption chillers is used as an example to illustrate our approach.
RHODIUM(I)-CATALYZED CYCLOISOMERIZATION OF NITROGEN TETHERED ENE-ALLENES: FORMATION OF TETRAHYDROAZEPINES (2005)

Abstract: A novel cycloisomerization process involving nitrogen-tethered 1,6-ene-allenes has been realized. Subjecting ene-allene 9 to rhodium biscarbonyl chloride dimer produces tetrahydroazepine 10 in moderate to high yields. Substituting the allene moiety with the bulky tert-butyl-group (R4 = t-Bu), while employing a trans-alkene tether, afforded the corresponding azepines in the highest yields. This formal Alder-ene transformation tolerated not only a variety of alkyl-substituents on both the alkene and allene portions but also silyl-[R2 = SiMe3, SiMe2Bn; R4 = Si(i-Pr)3] and phenyl-(R2 = Ph, R4 = Ph) substituents. A deuterium labeling study aided in the postulation of two possible mechanisms for this cycloisomerization. During the course of this investigation, a novel carbon monoxide insertion reaction was observed. Our findings to date are reported and discussed herein.
Evaluation of Inflammatory and Renal-Injury Markers in Women Treated with Antibiotics for Acute Pyelonephritis Caused byEscherichia coli (2004)

The evolution and the relationship between inflammatory and renal-injury markers in women with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis under antimicrobial therapy were investigated in a prospective study. Markers were measured before and 6 and 24 h after the intravenous administration of 1 g of ceftriaxone. Before treatment, the median levels of all markers except the serum creatinine levels were high. Twenty-four hours after the onset of antibiotic treatment, the C-reactive protein (CRP) level continued to be high, while the serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and the urine IL-6, IL-8, albumin, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels decreased significantly. In contrast, serum creatinine and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels and urine N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha1-microglobulin, and beta2-microglobulin levels did not change over time. There was a significant correlation between IL-6 and IL-8 levels and urine albumin and IgG levels (urine albumin and IgG levels are glomerular and urinary tract-injury markers) as well as between serum CRP levels and the levels of the tubular-injury markers. In women with acute pyelonephritis, appropriate antibiotic treatment rapidly decreases serum IL-6 levels and urine IL-6 and IL-8 levels, which correlate well with urine albumin and IgG levels.
Integrity measures take their toll: Introducing a complete supplement issue with retractions only (2021)

Supplemental Issues of a journal usually represent a special, or highlights, collection of papers on timely scientific topics; however, this supplement is different as it does not celebrate interesting novel scientific articles but rather is a collection of retraction notes of publications alleged to be fabricated. So in a way this issue is also special albeit for unusual reasons. It is also of great importance for maintaining the scientific integrity of this journal. Increasingly observed over several years by the scientific community, the phenomenon of papermill papers has been intensively discussed recently.1-3 Publishers, editors, reviewers and large parts of the scientific community have learnt that many journals have been targeted by manuscripts generated by so called papermill offices. These papermills fabricate data and generate papers on demand for sale, introducing an efficient business model for certain circles and customers. In fact, in the meantime, the “papermill problem” has been recognised as a huge threat to the integrity of a wide range of journals including the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry.1, 2, 4 Unbelievable that science would be faked and certainly not on the scale that has been uncovered. To root out papermill papers and ensure the quality of peer-reviewed scientific data, many journals introduced an extensive portfolio of measures to recognize fake papers, to confront potentially unscrupulous authors, to investigate and finally retract proven fraudulent work. These new measures as an adaptation to the uncovered ugly developments introduced a significant—and as I am convinced—successful step forward in the quality control workflow to identify and weed out the fake papers from papermills. As already detailed,4 the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry aims to ensure the best possible publication standards and we, therefore, do not hesitate to execute retractions. This is amply demonstrated by the present supplemental issue with the collection of retraction notes. Interestingly, also in other research areas, fabricated data are becoming visible as hundreds of “gibberish papers, nonsensical research articles generated by a computer program” are expected to be still out in the literature awaiting retraction.5 These developments are basically frightening for the scientific community but there is no other option than to follow the already taken path of getting back control and taking action. In the current “Supplement Retraction Issue” of the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, retraction notices for a total of 129 papers that have been published in recent years are collected. All Editors at the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry and everyone involved at Wiley who put a lot of effort into implementing and executing stringent quality control measures are positive that this joint effort is an important step to drain the papermill swamp and to get back full trust in published scientific data.
Human-centred home network security (2022)

This chapter draws from across the foregoing chapters discussing many core HDI approaches and disciplinary perspectives to consider the specific application of HDI in home network security. While much work has considered the challenges of securing in home IoT devices and their communications, especially for those with limited power or computational capacity, scant attention has been paid by the research community to home network security, and its acceptability and usability, from the viewpoint of ordinary citizens. It will be clear that we need a radical transformation in our approach to designing domestic networking infrastructure to guard against widespread cyber-attacks that threaten to counter the benefits of the IoT. Our aim has to be to defend against enemies inside the walls, to protect critical functionality in the home against rogue devices and prevent the proliferation of disruptive wide-scale IoT DDOS attacks that are already occurring [1].
Nitrogen Atmospheric Pressure Post Discharges for Surface Biological Decontamination inside Small Diameter Tubes (2008)

Abstract A nitrogen afterglow at atmospheric pressure has recently been described as able to transport active species over long distances in small diameter tubes, with a biocidal effect. For a discharge gas composed of nitrogen, either of high purity or with some controlled ppm of oxygen, survival curves are presented. The afterglow, flowing at 40 slm in a cylindrical quartz tube with 8 mm internal diameter is studied using emission spectroscopy. Fundamental or excited states of atomic or molecular species of parent gases are detected and evaluated. Their absolute concentration is measured along the tube axis. Correlated to transport equations, results give information on the creation and destruction reactions of these species, especially of the O( 1 S) metastable state of O, the species that has been shown to boost the biocidal effect. magnified image
Electrostatic actuators with elastic dielectric for use on tactile displays (2002)

A colorimetric pH measurement of seawater samples using a light source comprising a three light-emitting diodes (TLED) detector and meta-cresol purple (mCP) as an indicator was investigated. The molar absorption ratios (e1, e2, and e3/e2) for mCP using the TLED detector at 25°C were determined to be 0, 1.9994, and 0.1010, respectively. Next, the pH values of 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (TRIS) and 2-aminopyride (AMP) seawater buffers were determined. Notably, the raw pH of TRIS buffer (∼8.1) agreed with the reference value, while that for the AMP buffer (∼6.8) had an error of +0.004 due to the small absorption ratio (R) and being out of the lower adequate pH range (> 7.2) for mCP. pHT measurements obtained for seawater samples using the present colorimetric method agreed with those obtained using a glass electrode. These results demonstrate that this low-cost TLED detection system with a short cell length, 5 cm, can be used for seawater pHT analysis.
Large-Scale Identification of N-Glycan Glycoproteins Carrying Lewis x and Site-Specific N-Glycan Alterations in Fut9 Knockout Mice (2015)

The Lewis x (Le(x)) structure (Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc-R) is a carbohydrate epitope comprising the stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) and CD15, and it is synthesized by α1,3-fucosyltransferase 9 (Fut9). Fut9 is expressed specifically in the stomach, kidney, brain, and in leukocytes, suggesting a specific function in these tissues. In this study, the N-linked glycan mass spectrometry profile of wild-type mouse kidney glycoproteins revealed the presence of abundant terminal fucoses, which were lost following knockout of the Fut9 gene; the terminal fucose was therefore concluded to be Le(x). These results suggested that Le(x) presence is widespread rather than being limited to specific proteins. We endeavored to comprehensively identify the Le(x) carriers in the mouse kidney. Glycopeptides carrying fucosylated glycans were collected by Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) affinity chromatography from kidney homogenates of wild-type and Fut9 knockout mice. The site-specific N-glycomes on the glycopeptides were subsequently analyzed by adopting a new glycoproteomic technology composed of dissociation-independent assignment of glycopeptide signals and accurate mass-based prediction of the N-glycome on the glycopeptides. Our analyses demonstrated that 24/32 glycoproteins contained the Le(x) N-glycan structure in wild-type kidney; of these, Le(x) was lost from 21 in the knockout mice. This is the first report of large-scale identification of Le(x)-carrying glycoproteins from a native sample based on the site-specific glycome analysis.