gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly-Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Nitride with Ultrahigh Surface Area and Pore Volume as a Superior Dehydrogenation Catalyst (2014)

In this work, a highly ordered mesoporous carbon nitride nanorods with 971–1124 m2 g–1 of superhigh specific surface area, 1.31–1.79 cm3 g–1 of ultralarge pore volume, bimodal mesostructure, and 9.3–23 wt % of high N content was prepared via a facile nanocasting approach using SBA-15 as template and hexamethylenetetramine as carbon nitride precursor, and the specific surface area and pore volume as well as N content are strongly dependent on the chosen precursor and pyrolysis temperature. The as-prepared materials were well characterized by HRTEM, FESEM, XRD, BET, Raman, FT-IR, XPS, and the textural structure and morphology were confirmed. The finding breaks through the bottleneck problems for fabricating mesoporous carbon nitride with both ultrahigh surface area and super large pore volume by employing an unexplored hexamethylenetetramine as carbon nitride precursor. The current synthetic strategy can be extended to the preparation of various mesoporous carbon nitride with different textural characteristics by using diverse templates under changeable preparation conditions. The developed mesoporous carbon nitride material with 750 °C of pyrolysis temperature exhibits high superior catalytic performance, ascribed to the promoting effect of nitrogen within the carbon matrix, the rich C═O group and defect/edge feature on the surface, small size of graphitic crystallite, as well as the ultrahigh surface area and pore volume. It can also be concluded that the microstructures including bulk and surface structure features and surface chemical properties of the carbon-based materials have a decisive influence on their catalytic performance. The developed material can be employed in various organic transformations such as the base-catalyzed reactions, selective oxidation, dehydrogenation, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis as well as acting as a novel and efficient candidate for CO2 capture, supercapacitor, purification of contaminated water, and future drug-delivery systems.
The Influence of Tylenchus Agricola and Tylenchorhynchus Claytoni On Corn Roots Under Gnotobiotic Conditions (1967)

In studies carried out under controlled conditions, changes in the size and shape of nuclei were observed in corn roots parasitized by Tylenchorhynchus claytoni and Tylenchus agricola. Nuclei become spheroid in areas 1-3 mm behind the meristem of parasitized roots, whereas the same areas of non-parasitized roots had ellipsoidal nuclei. No differences were observed in nuclei in the meristematic zone. Since the nuclei of cortical cells were affected, and these cells apparently did not serve as feeding sites for the nematodes, it is probable that the stimulus which provoked the host response migrated from cell to cell.
Utilizing Reinforcement Learning to Continuously Improve a Primitive-Based Motion Planner (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1752.vid This paper describes how the performance of motion primitive based planning algorithms can be improved using reinforcement learning. Specifically, we describe and evaluate a framework for policy improvement via the discovery of new motion primitives. Our approach combines the predictable behavior of deterministic planning methods with the exploration capability of reinforcement learning. The framework consists of three phases: evaluation, exploration, and extraction. This framework can be iterated continuously to provide successive improvement. The evaluation step scores the performance of a motion primitive library using value iteration to create a cost map. A local difference metric is then used to identify regions that need improvement. The exploration step utilizes reinforcement learning to examine new trajectories in the regions of greatest need. The extraction step encodes the agent’s experiences into new primitives. The framework is tested on a point-to-point navigation task using a 6-DOF nonlinear F-16 model. One iteration of the framework discovered 17 new primitives and provided a maximum planning time reduction of 96.91%. After 3 full iterations, 123 primitives were added with a maximum time reduction of 97.39%. The proposed framework is easily extensible to a range of vehicles, environments, and cost functions.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 1,4‐DIKETONES BY THE REACTION OF SILYL ENOL ETHER WITH AG2O, A REGIOSPECIFIC FORMATION OF SILVER(I) ENOLATE INTERMEDIATES (1975)

Abstract Ag 2 O oxidiert in aprotischen, polaren Lösungsmitteln die Silyl‐enoläther (I) und (III) zu den Diketonen (II) bzw. (IV).
New aromatic diamidines with central .alpha.-oxyalkane or .alpha.,.omega.-dioxyalkane chains. Structure-activity relations for the inhibition of trypsin, pancreatic kallikrein, and thrombin and for the inhibition of the overall coagulation process (1975)

A series of omega-amidinophenylalkyl amidinophenyl ethers was synthesized and examined for inhibitory activity against trypsin, pancreatic kallikrein, and thrombin. Modifications of the compounds included lengthening of the alkane chain, variation in the position of the amidino groups, and substitution of halogen on the benzene rings. The compounds act as competitive reversible inhibitors, and many of them possess considerable potency. An outstanding trypsin inhibitor was found in 4-amidinophenylethyl 4 amidino-2-bromophenyl ether (compound 7) with a Ki value of 7.3 x 10(-8) M (pH 8.1, 37 degrees). A number of aromatic diamidines with a central dioxyalkane chain were similarly studied. Here, 1-(4-amidino-2-iodophenoxy)-5-(3-amidinophenoxy)pentane (compound 32) was a highly effective inhibitor of bovine thrombin (Ki = 1.1 x 10(-6) M), of human thrombin, and of the overall clotting process of human plasma.
Development of functional sub-100 nm structures with 3D two-photon polymerization technique and optical methods for characterization (2012)

Investigations of two-photon polymerization (TPP) with sub-100 nm in the structuring resolution are presented by using photosensitive sol-gel material. The high photosensitivity of this material allows for TPP using a large variety in laser pulse durations covering a range between sub-10 fs and ≈140 fs. In this study, the authors demonstrate TPP structuring to obtain sub-100 nm in resolution by different approaches, namely, by adding a cross-linker to the material and polymerization with sub-10 fs short pulses. Additionally, a simulation and model based characterization method for periodic sub-100 nm structures was implemented and applied in an experimental white light interference Fourier-Scatterometry setup.
Applications of Green's functions to acoustic ducts and cavities with rigid boundaries (1995)

The present work is concerned with descriptions of acoustic wave behaviour in the presence of rigid boundaries. The unifying theme of this work is the application of Green’s function techniques to a selection of duct and cavity problems in acoustics. Although the central theme of this thesis is theoretical, experiments are also performed to test the validity of the theory. The thesis covers two basic areas: the diffraction of sound in cylindrical pipes fitted with flanges and orifice plates; and the inverse acoustics of rigid rectangular cavities.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe diffraction of sound from flanged cylindrical waveguides is a classical problem in acoustics. Chapter 2 deals with the initial work on this subject. In this chapter, non—dissipative, inviscid, linear wave theory is compared with experiment and some of the mathematical formulations of this problem by previous authors are unified. A central problem with the ‘classical’ theory is the prediction of velocity singularities at sharp edges.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn Chapter 3, the diffraction of sound is considered in a cylindrical duct with a thin orifice plate blockage, in the presence of a mean flow. Viscosity in the fluid produces vorticity, the strength of which may be determined by the requirement that the fluid velocity at the orifice rim be finite. Theoretical analysis is performed based on this principle. Numerical calculations are made for various physical parameters and an experiment is performed to test the predictions of the theory.&#13;\n&#13;\nChapter 4 deals with inverse wave problems in a rigid rectangular, two dimensional cavity. The primary emphasis of this chapter is on reconstructing a spatially incoherent random source within a rigid rectangular cavity by pressure measurements on the cavity walls. The related problem of reconstructing a deterministic point source under these conditions is also addressed. Two other formalisms are derived. Again, they are both set in a rigid rectangular cavity. The first of these is a method for iteratively reconstructing a source profile. The second formalism concerns the problem of reconstructing a rigid scatterer under the restriction of the first Born approximation.
Automatic crack detection on road imagery using anisotropic diffusion and region linkage (2010)

A novel strategy to automatically detect cracks in road pavement surface imagery, acquired by a laser imaging system, is proposed. It includes a new procedure to link fragments of crack regions based on a maximum a posteriori (map) classifier, which relies on a set of geometric characteristics of the segmented binary regions. The proposed system starts with an anisotropic diffusion filtering, to smooth image texture variations resulting from the type of sensor used. Then, a Gaussian function is used to model the histogram for pixels intensities below a certain value, which allows inferring the threshold level to be used for image segmentation. Next, less relevant binary regions are identified, being kept only if they are linked to relevant crack regions. Encouraging experimental crack detection results are presented based on real images captured along Canadian roads.
Passivation par l'hydrogène de défauts recombinants dans les photopiles réalisées sur rubans de silicium polycristallin RAD (1984)

Cet article présente les résultats d'une étude exploratoire de la passivation par l'hydrogène des défauts recombinants dans les rubans de silicium polycristallin élaborés par la méthode RAD. L'incorporation d'hydrogène a été effectuée sur des photopiles nues au moyen d'une source d'ions du type Kaufman. On montre que les caractéristiques globales des photopiles — photocourant, tension de circuit ouvert et facteur de forme — sont considérablement améliorées tandis que leurs distributions sont resserrées. Ces améliorations sont reliées à la réduction de la vitesse de recombinaison des porteurs minoritaires sur les interfaces du type joints de grains ou de mâcles et surtout, à l'augmentation de la longueur de diffusion dans les parties homogènes ; ce dernier effet est associé à une réduction importante de l'activité des centres pièges. Ainsi, le rendement de conversion, sous éclairement AM1, des photopiles RAD « passivées » à l'hydrogène peut être relativement élevé : la meilleure photopile ainsi traitée présente un rendement de 15,5 % (surface active, 3 cm 2).
Impact of hyperglycemia according to collateral status on reperfusion and outcomes in acute ischemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy (S8.001) (2017)

We investigated whether hyperglycemia can influence on the pretreatment collaterals and whether impact of hyperglycemia on outcomes can be modified by collaterals in acute ischemic stroke.
<title>Blind decorrelation and deconvolution algorithm for multiple-input multiple-output system: I. Theorem derivation</title> (1999)

The problems of blind decorrelation and blind deconvolution have attracted considerable interest recently. These two problems traditionally have been studied as two different subjects, and a variety of algorithms have been proposed to solve them. In this paper, we consider these two problems jointly in the application of a multi-sensor network and propose a new algorithm for them. In our model, the system is a MIMO system (multiple-input multiple-output) which consists of linearly independent FIR channels. The unknown inputs are assumed to be uncorrelated and persistently excited. Furthermore, inputs can be colored sources and their distributions can be unknown. The new algorithm is capable of separating multiple input sources passing through some dispersive channels. Our algorithm is a generalization of Moulines' algorithm from single input to multiple inputs. The new algorithm is based on second order statistics which require shorter data length than the higher order statistics algorithms for the same estimation accuracy.
Compact sensitive piezoelectric mass balance for measurement of unconsolidated materials in space (2010)

In many in-situ instruments information about the mass of the sample could aid in the interpretation of the data and portioning instruments might require an accurate sizing of the sample mass before dispensing the sample. In addition, on potential sample return missions a method to directly assess the captured sample size would be required to determine if the sampler could return or needs to continue attempting to acquire sample. In an effort to meet these requirements piezoelectric balances were developed using flextensional actuators which are capable of monitoring the mass using two methods. A piezoelectric balance could be used to measure mass directly by monitoring the voltage developed across the piezoelectric which is linear with force, or it could be used in resonance to produce a frequency change proportional to the mass change. In the case of the latter, the piezoelectric actuator/balance would be swept in frequency through its fundamental resonance. If a mass is added to the balance the resonance frequency would shift down proportionally to the mass. By monitoring the frequency shift the mass could be determined. This design would allow for two independent measurements of the mass. In microgravity environments spacecraft thrusters could be used to provide acceleration in order to produce the required force for the first technique or to bring the mass into contact with the balance in the second approach. In addition, the measuring actuators, if driven at higher voltages, could be used to fluidize the powder to aid sample movement. In this paper, we outline some of our design considerations and present the results of a few prototype balances that we have developed.
A mutation of the transactivation gene of satellite bacteriophage P4 that suppresses the rpoA109 mutation of Escherichia coli (1990)

Satellite bacteriophage P4 requires the products of the late genes of a helper such as P2 in order to grow lytically. The Escherichia coli rpoA109 mutation, which alters the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase, prevents transcription of the late genes of bacteriophage P2. Suppressor mutations that define the P2 ogr gene overcome this block. We found that P4 lytic growth using a P2 ogr+ prophage helper was prevented by the rpoA109 mutation but that this block was overcome when the P2 helper carried the suppressor mutation in the ogr gene. Furthermore, we isolated and characterized four independent mutations in P4, called org, that suppress the E. coli rpoA109 mutation by allowing P4 lytic growth using a P2 ogr+ helper. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the four independent org mutations are identical and that they occur in the P4 delta gene, which codes for a factor that positively regulates the transcription of the P2 and P4 late genes. delta is predicted to code for a basic 166-amino-acid residue protein. Each 83-residue half of the predicted delta gene product is similar to the predicted 72-residue proteins encoded by the ogr gene of P2 and the B gene of phage 186.
Medium Access Control and Rate Adaptation for Ultrasonic Intrabody Sensor Networks (2014)

The use of wirelessly internetworked miniaturized biomedical devices is promising a significant leap forward in medical treatment of many pervasive diseases. Recognizing the limitations of traditional radio-frequency wireless communications in interconnecting devices within the human body, in this paper, we propose for the first time to develop network protocols for implantable devices based on ultrasonic transmissions. We start off by assessing the theoretical feasibility of using ultrasonic waves in human tissues and by deriving an accurate channel model for ultrasonic intrabody communications. Then, we propose a new ultrasonic transmission and multiple access technique, which we refer to as Ultrasonic WideBand (UsWB). UsWB is based on the idea of transmitting information bits spread over very short pulses following a time-hopping pattern. The short impulse duration results in limited reflection and scattering effects, and the low duty cycle reduces the impact of thermal and mechanical effects, which may be detrimental for human health. We then develop a multiple access technique with distributed control to enable efficient simultaneous access by mutually interfering devices based on minimal and localized information exchange and on measurements at the receiver only. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of UsWB through a multiscale simulator that models the proposed communication system at the acoustic wave level, at the physical (bit) level, and at the network (packet) level. We also validate the simulation results by comparing them to experimental results obtained with a software-defined testbed.
C-slot: a practical solution for phased arrays of radiating slots located on the narrow side of rectangular waveguides (1982)

A study of the C-shaped slot has been undertaken in order to solve several problems encountered in the design of slotted antennas with the slots located on the narrow side of a rectangular waveguide. The final theory presented here is much more general, and can be applied for any number of arbitrarily shaped slots. The paper describes the calculation of the equivalent magnetic current on the C-shaped slots, and their reflection factor, taking into account the mutual coupling – both internal and external – between them. These results lead to a precise radiation pattern calculation of the C-slotted antenna. Finally, a design procedure is proposed and applied to a practical case.
FOXP1 expression is a prognostic biomarker in follicular lymphoma treated with rituximab and chemotherapy (2017)

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a clinically and molecularly highly heterogeneous disease, yet prognostication relies predominantly on clinical tools. We recently demonstrated that integration of mutation status of 7 genes, including <i>EZH2</i> and <i>MEF2B,</i> improves risk stratification. We mined gene expression data to uncover genes that are differentially expressed in <i>EZH2</i>- and <i>MEF2B</i>-mutated cases. We focused on <i>FOXP1</i> and assessed its protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 763 tissue biopsies. For outcome correlation, a population-based training cohort of 142 patients with FL treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone, and a clinical trial validation cohort comprising 395 patients treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) ± rituximab were used. We found FOXP1 to be significantly downregulated in both <i>EZH2</i>- and <i>MEF2B</i>-mutated cases. By IHC, 76 specimens in the training cohort (54%) had high FOXP1 expression (>10%), which was associated with reduced 5-year failure-free survival (FFS) rates (55% vs 70%). In the validation cohort, high FOXP1 expression status was observed in 248 patients (63%) and correlated with significantly shorter FFS in patients treated with R-CHOP (hazard ratio [HR], 1.95; <i>P</i> = .017) but not in patients treated with CHOP (HR, 1.15; <i>P</i> = .44). The impact of high FOXP1 expression on FFS in immunochemotherapy-treated patients was additional to the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index. High FOXP1 expression was associated with distinct molecular features such as <i>TP53</i> mutations, expression of IRF4, and gene expression signatures reminiscent of dark zone germinal center or activated B cells. In summary, FOXP1 is a downstream phenotypic commonality of gene mutations and predicts outcome following rituximab-containing regimens.
Quantum chemical studies of the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic amines and the stabilities and electrophilicities of their arylnitrenium ions in relation to their mutagenic/carcinogenic potencies. (1979)

Electronic parameters related to the cytochrome P450-catalyzed reactions of eight polycyclic aromatic amines have been calculated using all valence electron semiempirical molecular orbital methods. The reactions considered lead to the presumably carcinogenic arylnitrenium ions and to the competing hydroxylation and epoxidation products. The stabilities of the arylnitrenium ions relative to the N-hydroxylamines and their sulfate esters were also calculated, together with electrophilic reactivity parameters of the ions. The resulting parameters were used to predict major metabolites of the parent compounds and also to correlate with observed mutagenic activities of the four pairs of polycyclic aromatic amines studied. The major factor in determining mutagenic potencies of parent compounds appears to be the extent of N-hydroxylation and competing ring oxidations, as well as the electrophilic properties of the arylnitrenium ions.
A High Performance and Programmable Decoder VLSI for Structured LDPC Codes (2006)

We have developed a high performance and programmable LDPC decoder VLSI for decoding structured LDPC codes. In this paper, the architecture of the decoder and the structured parity check matrices are described along with the quantization method. We adopt floating point (FP) quantization method in check node processors so as to shrink down the complexity of look up tables (LUTs) of the Gallager function, and avoid performance degradation. Finally, simulation results show that the FP quantization method achieves high performance for wide range of code rates
Optimization criterion for a high performance absorber design at VHF/UHF frequency band (2010)

In this paper it is demonstrated that these assumptions may not be applicable to the absorbing materials commonly used at VHF/UHF frequency bands. If the chamber operates down to VHF/UHF frequencies, then the height of foam impregnated absorber components may vary from 0.9m up to 2.4m or more. The reflectivity of these absorbing materials is critical at VHF/UHF, as the chamber cross-section may span only a few wavelengths at these frequencies, and the free space propagation loss of the waves reflected off the absorber is no longer an enhancing factor to aid in the overall chamber reflectivity. Moreover, manufacturing of such absorbers is expensive and challenging for VHF/UHF frequencies. A variable carbon based loading as a function of absorber height may be implemented in the design to achieve superior performance at lower frequencies, and a simple criterion that can be readily implemented in the manufacturing process and which delivers optimum loading/reflectivity is important in the practical implementation of VHF/UHF chambers. Such criterion is formulated in the paper and its validity is confirmed by a series of absorber reflectivity measurements in the coaxial line [1], [3].
Quantitative Replacement of Cetyl Trimethylammonium Bromide by Cationic Thiol Ligands on the Surface of Gold Nanorods and Their Extremely Large Uptake by Cancer Cells (2011)

Stable and biocompatible: The chemical composition of synthesized cationic thiolate-monolayer-protected gold nanorods was precisely determined. In vitro cell culture experiments showed no cytotoxicity of these nanorods, and the number of nanorods that were taken up by each cancer cell exceeded two million particles (see picture).