gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Topoisomerase II α Status in Breast Cancer by Quantitative PCR, Gene Expression Microarrays, Immunohistochemistry, and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (2020)

Anthracyclines are frequently used for the treatment of breast cancer and topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) is considered to be the molecular target. Numerous studies have evaluated the predictive value of TOP2A using different methodological approaches and inconsistent results have been reported. Indeed, the correlation between techniques for the assessment of TOP2A status has not been well evaluated. In this study, we determined TOP2A status in 61 breast tumor samples by real-time PCR, DNA microarrays, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and then evaluated these results with clinical-pathological features and breast cancer intrinsic subtypes. First, we observed a statistical significant correlation of TOP2A gene expression between real-time PCR and microarrays (Pearson coefficient, 0.816; P < 0.001), and both predicted TOP2A IHC results fairly well (area under the curve > 0.74). In contrast, poor agreement between FISH and IHC data was observed (k: 0.134). Secondly, TOP2A expression was found significantly associated with cell proliferation, and with the highly proliferative Luminal B, Her2-enriched and Basal-like intrinsic subtypes. In conclusion, TOP2A expression in breast cancer was associated with high proliferation and aggressive tumor subtypes and appears to be independent of its amplification status. All of these features should be taken into consideration when assessing the predictive value of TOP2A for anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
Random Algorithms for the Loop Cutset Problem (2014)

We show how to find a minimum loop cutset in a Bayesian network with high probability. Finding such a loop cutset is the first step in Pearl's method of conditioning for inference. Our random algorithm for finding a loop cutset, called "Repeated WGuessI", outputs a minimum loop cutset, after O(c 6^k k n) steps, with probability at least 1-(1 over{6^k})^{c 6^k}), where c&gt;1 is a constant specified by the user, k is the size of a minimum weight loop cutset, and n is the number of vertices. We also show empirically that a variant of this algorithm, called WRA, often finds a loop cutset that is closer to the minimum loop cutset than the ones found by the best deterministic algorithms known.
Lower Extremity Arthroplasty in Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis: Preoperative and Perioperative Management (2013)

Spondylarthritis, which includes conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis are the most common forms of inflammatory arthritis. Joint inflammation and damage may result in the need for arthroplasty, and the surgeon must be aware of the perioperative challenges associated with these systemic diseases. In patients with inflammatory arthritis who have polyarticular disease and spinal involvement at the time of presentation for lower extremity arthroplasty, preoperative evaluation must include careful evaluation of all joints, including the cervical spine. Preoperative assessment and perioperative management must be appropriate to minimize cardiac and pulmonary complications. Finally, the perioperative management of medications used to manage inflammatory arthritis is critical because these medications may increase the risk of infection and compromise wound healing.
The Pathological G51D Mutation in Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers Confers Distinct Structural Attributes and Cellular Toxicity (2022)

A wide variety of oligomeric structures are formed during the aggregation of proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Such soluble oligomers are believed to be key toxic species in the related disorders; therefore, identification of the structural determinants of toxicity is of upmost importance. Here, we analysed toxic oligomers of α-synuclein and its pathological variants in order to identify structural features that could be related to toxicity and found a novel structural polymorphism within G51D oligomers. These G51D oligomers can adopt a variety of β-sheet-rich structures with differing degrees of α-helical content, and the helical structural content of these oligomers correlates with the level of induced cellular dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells. This structure-function relationship observed in α-synuclein oligomers thus presents the α-helical structure as another potential structural determinant that may be linked with cellular toxicity in amyloid-related proteins.
Game-Theoretic and Machine Learning-based Approaches for Defensive Deception: A Survey (2021)

Defensive deception is a promising approach for cyber defense. Via defensive deception, the defender can anticipate attacker actions; it can mislead or lure attacker, or hide real resources. Although defensive deception is increasingly popular in the research community, there has not been a systematic investigation of its key components, the underlying principles, and its tradeoffs in various problem settings. This survey paper focuses on defensive deception research centered on game theory and machine learning, since these are prominent families of artificial intelligence approaches that are widely employed in defensive deception. This paper brings forth insights, lessons, and limitations from prior work. It closes with an outline of some research directions to tackle major gaps in current defensive deception research.
There is light in 'dark' respiration: in vivo regulation and role of alternative respiration in leaves (2019)

Trabajo presentado a la Early Career Researches’ Conference (ECRC), celebrada en Sant Feliu de Guíxols, Girona (España) del 11 al 14 de noviembre de 2019.
Rehabilitation ligamentärer Ellenbogeninstabilitäten beim Sportler (2016)

Ligamentous instability of the elbow is a common pathology affecting athletes in different types of sports. It may lead to a permanent impairment of an athlete's ability to train and compete. The advancements made in arthroscopic, biomechanical and clinical diagnostic procedures allow for a better understanding of the etiology of elbow discomfort. As a result, ligamentous instability has been increasingly identified as a reason for acute and chronic pain in athletes. This article provides an overview of the etiology as well as diagnostic and rehabilitative procedures for ligamentous instability of the elbow in athletes and presents principles of rehabilitation in patients with symptomatic elbow instability.
A pilot study of vidofludimus calcium for treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis (2022)

The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of vidofludimus calcium (VC) in the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). This was a single-arm open-label pilot study with a cohort of 18 patients with PSC. Study patients received VC for a period of 6 months. The study was undertaken at two sites, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, and Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ. The primary endpoint of the study was improvement of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at the end of the study. Secondary endpoints included assessment of other liver biomarkers (bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase). Of 18 patients enrolled, 11 completed the 6 months of study treatment. Patients who completed treatment versus those who did not were similar other than a significantly higher direct bilirubin at baseline in the group that completed treatment (mean ± SD, 0.4 ± 0.3 versus 0.1 ± 0.1, p = 0.04). By intent to treat analysis, the primary outcome was met in 16.7% (3/18) of patients. By per-protocol analysis, including only patients who completed treatment, normalization of ALP occurred in 27.7% (3/11) at week 24 (95% confidence interval, 6.0% to 61.0%). VC was well tolerated with no drug-related serious adverse events. Conclusion: This proof of concept study provides support for further exploration of VC in patients with PSC.
Lensless low coherence interferometer fibre-deployed metrology for in-situ measurements (2019)

The need for increased geometric complexity and accuracy in manufactured parts\nis being industrially driven by sectors such as automotive, aerospace, medical, and\nenergy generation. It is important to not only have traceable measurement systems\nin place for component geometry and tolerance conformance verification, but also\nto aid in the control of the material removal process in real-time on machine.\nLow Coherence Interferometry (LCI) has been developed and primarily used in\nthe biomedical imaging domain for the past 20 years as Optical Coherence\nTomography (OCT). During this period, it has been shown to be a powerful\nimaging modality with the ability to operate down to micrometre resolution for\ndepth measurements in non-ideal environments. However, literature defining the\neffectiveness of lensless LCI/OCT systems operating outside of the biomedical\ndomain is more sparse. Furthermore, the impact of system component choice on\nkey output parameters has not been considered.\nIn this work, the characterisation of a lensless, fibre deployed LCI system in a\ncommon path configuration is performed whilst varying system components.\nGeometric measurements are demonstrated both in air and in water, with analysis\nof the impact of system design and componentry on output performance metrics.\nRelative and absolute traceability of results are produced from calibration grade\ngauge blocks and Renishaw XL-80 calibration experiments to determine and\nunderpin metrological statements of operating characteristics of the system.
Identifying the molecular switches that determine whether (Rp)-cAMPS functions as an antagonist or an agonist in the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase I (1991)

Previous investigations revealed that under physiological conditions in the presence of MgATP the phosphorothioate analogue of cAMP, (Rp)-cAMPS, is a competitive inhibitor and antagonist for cAMP for cAMP-dependent protein kinases I and II [DeWit et al., (1984) Eur. J. Biochem. 142, 255-260]. For the type I holoenzyme, the antagonist properties of (Rp)-cAMPS are shown here to be absolutely dependent on MgATP. In the absence of MgATP, (Rp)-cAMPS serves as a weak agonist with a Ka of 7.9 microM. The high-affinity binding of MgATP imposes a barrier on cAMP-induced activation of the homoenzyme--a barrier that both cAMP and (Sp)-cAMPS, but not (Rp)-cAMPS, can overcome. In the absence of MgATP, this barrier no longer exists, and (Rp)-cAMPS functions as an agonist. The holoenzyme also was formed with mutant regulatory subunits. Replacing the essential arginine, predicted to bind the exocyclic oxygens of cAMP, in site A with lysine abolishes high-affinity binding of cAMP to site A. The holoenzyme formed with this mutant R-subunit is activated by (Rp)-cAMPS in both the presence and absence of MgATP. These results suggest that the stereospecific requirements for holoenzyme activation involve this guanidinium side chain. Mutations that eliminate the high-affinity binding of MgATP, such as the introduction of an autophosphorylation site in the autoinhibitory domain, also generate a holoenzyme that can be activated by (Rp)-cAMPS. In the case of the type II holoenzyme, (Rp)-cAMPS is an antagonist in both the presence and absence of MgATP, emphasizing distinct roles for MgATP in these two forms of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
Left-handed materials made of dilute ferromagnetic wire arrays with gyrotropic tensors (2007)

In this article, we theoretically investigate properties of normally incident microwave propagation in dilute metallic ferromagnetic wire array (DMFWA) slabs with gyrotropic tensors. It is found that DMFWA may become left-handed materials (LHM) in a narrow frequency range below the plasma frequency, even the real part of the corresponding inversion permeability element is positive. Comparing with the isotropic materials having same diagonal permeability elements, due to existence of off-diagonal elements of the gyrotropic permeability tensor, the DMFWA becomes a LHM in a higher frequency range depended on its geometric structure. In addition, E, H, and wave vector Re(k) of microwave propagating in the DMFWA form an approximately left-handed triplet of vectors.
Secukinumab Sustains Individual Clinical Responses Over Time in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: 2-Year Results from a Phase 3 Trial (2018)

Abstract not available. Disclosures: Study supported by Novartis. Copyright 2018 SKIN
Utilization of the Organ Care System – A Game-Changer in Combating Donor Organ Shortage (2015)

For patients with end-stage heart failure, cardiac transplantation persists to be the gold standard. Nevertheless, the availability of organs remains a main constraint to the treatment. Through mounting usage of ex vivo heart perfusion an increase in organ availability was achieved by reconditioning of organs formerly not regarded as appropriate for transplantation. We propose the future standard application of this state-of-the-art technology to improve the pool of donor organs by evaluating hearts outside standard acceptability criteria.
Resolving the Conundrum of Islet Transplantation by Linking Metabolic Dysregulation, Inflammation, and Immune Regulation (2008)

Although type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented or reversed, replacement of insulin production by transplantation of the pancreas or pancreatic islets represents a definitive solution. At present, transplantation can restore euglycemia, but this restoration is short-lived, requires islets from multiple donors, and necessitates lifelong immunosuppression. An emerging paradigm in transplantation and autoimmunity indicates that systemic inflammation contributes to tissue injury while disrupting immune tolerance. We identify multiple barriers to successful islet transplantation, each of which either contributes to the inflammatory state or is augmented by it. To optimize islet transplantation for diabetes reversal, we suggest that targeting these interacting barriers and the accompanying inflammation may represent an improved approach to achieve successful clinical islet transplantation by enhancing islet survival, regeneration or neogenesis potential, and tolerance induction. Overall, we consider the proinflammatory effects of important technical, immunological, and metabolic barriers including: 1) islet isolation and transplantation, including selection of implantation site; 2) recurrent autoimmunity, alloimmune rejection, and unique features of the autoimmune-prone immune system; and 3) the deranged metabolism of the islet transplant recipient. Consideration of these themes reveals that each is interrelated to and exacerbated by the other and that this connection is mediated by a systemic inflammatory state. This inflammatory state may form the central barrier to successful islet transplantation. Overall, there remains substantial promise in islet transplantation with several avenues of ongoing promising research. This review focuses on interactions between the technical, immunological, and metabolic barriers that must be overcome to optimize the success of this important therapeutic approach.
Experimental Validation of a Rodent PET Scanner Prototype Based on a Single LYSO Crystal Tube (2021)

Improving sensitivity and spatial resolution in small animal Positron Emission Tomography imaging instrumentation constitutes one of the main goals of nuclear imaging research. These parameters are degraded by the presence of gaps between the detectors. The present manuscript experimentally validates our prototype of an edge-less pre-clinical PET system based on a single LYSO:Ce annulus with an inner diameter of 62 mm and 10 outer facets of 26 × 52 mm<sup>2</sup>. Scintillation light is read out by arrays of 8 × 8 SiPMs coupled to the facets, using a projection readout of the rows and columns signals. The readout provides accurate Depth of Interaction (DOI). We have implemented a calibration that mitigates the DOI-dependency of the transaxial and axial impact coordinates, and the energy photopeak gain. An energy resolution of 23.4 ± 1.8% was determined. Average spatial resolution of 1.4 ± 0.2 and 1.3 ± 0.4 mm FWHM were achieved for the radial and axial directions, respectively. We found a peak sensitivity of 3.8% at the system center, and a maximum NECR at 40.6 kcps for 0.27 mCi. The image quality was evaluated using reconstructed images of an array of sources and the NEMA image quality phantom was also studied.
Volatile antioxidants formed from an L-cysteine/D-glucose Maillard model system (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVolatile antioxidants formed from an L-cysteine/D-glucose Maillard model systemJason P. Eiserich, Carlos. Macku, and Takayuki. ShibamotoCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 10, 1982–1988Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00022a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00022a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views338Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metal/SI GaAs/Metal systems: Demonstration of unpinning of the Fermi level at the interface (2012)

The work reports on the study of metal/semi-insulating GaAs/metal systems with different contacts: Mg, Gd, In and AuGeNi eutectic. Charge carrier transport through the interface is characterized by the current-voltage measurements. Observed results: i) opposite generally accepted “ohmic, bulk limited” charge transport at low bias, ii) are in contradiction with the thermionic emission model of charge transport in M-SI GaAs, and iii) demonstrate the unpinning of the Fermi level at the M-SI GaAs interface.
Cutting Edge: Th17 and Regulatory T Cell Dynamics and the Regulation by IL-2 in the Tumor Microenvironment (2007)

Th17 cells play an active role in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. However, the nature and regulation of Th17 in the context of tumor immunity remain unknown. In this study, we show that parallel to regulatory T (Treg) cells, IL-17(+) CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are kinetically induced in multiple tumor microenvironments in mice and humans. Treg cells play a crucial role in tumor immune pathogenesis and temper immune therapeutic efficacy. IL-2 is crucial for the production and function of Treg cells. We now show that IL-2 reduces IL-17(+) T cell differentiation in the tumor microenvironment accompanied with an enhanced Treg cell compartment in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our work demonstrates a dynamic differentiation of IL-17(+) T cells in the tumor microenvironment, reveals a novel role for IL-2 in controlling the balance between IL-17(+) and Treg cells, and provides new insight of IL-17(+) T cells in tumor immune pathology and therapy.
Express Train Seat Discomfort Evaluation using Body Pressure and Anthropometric Data (2014)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate Korea"s Honam express train"s first- and second-class seat discomfort by using pressure measurement, subjective discomfort rating, and physical compatibility.BRBR Background: Over the years, the demand for an express train service is continually increasing. A comfortable ride is important to achieving passenger satisfaction. A train seat plays a significant role in fulfilling passenger seating comfort. With this in view, a field survey and pressure measurements were performed on the selected train seat.BRBR Method: The pressure ratio at the body-seat interface (thigh and buttock regions) was measured by the pressure mat system. The interface pressure ratio was calculated and compared. The subjective discomfort rating scale was used to evaluate the subjects" overall feeling. The dimensions of train seats were analysed according to the anthropometric and demographic characteristics of the population data from Size Korea.BRBR Results: The results highlighted that the interface pressure ratio was greater while participants sat on the second-class seat than the first-class seat in the left- and right-side thigh regions. Also the pressure ratio was greater for the participants in the 1st~25th percentile height groups (149.8~160.8cm). The subjects rated higher discomfort for the second-class seat than the first-class seat. The physical compatibility results showed that the second-class seat’s breadth was inadequate for the 95th and 99th percentile male.BRBR Conclusion: Overall, interface pressure measurement, subjective discomfort score and physical compatibility results showed that the second-class seat was more uncomfortable for the passengers than the first-class seat.BRBR Application: The adopted methodologies could be used to measure the seating comfort of the train seats.
Polarizability of Small Carbon Cluster Anions from First Principles (2007)

We examine the applicability of density functional theory (DFT) to the polarizability of Cn- (n = 3-9) cluster anions. This was achieved by comparing DFT calculations using two different exchange-correlation functionals (the non-empirical local density approximation, LDA, and the semiempirical hybrid functional B97-1) to quantum chemical calculations using the coupled cluster method in the CCSD(T) "gold standard" approximation. We find that, unless the extra electron is not bound at all by DFT, both LDA and B97-1 agree with the CCSD(T) calculation to within 5-10%, allowing for a meaningful qualitative and semiquantitative analysis. Furthermore, the polarizability is found to increase monotonically with chain size, consistent with the trend inferred from electron detachment experiments.
Intermediate Exciton-Phonon Coupling in Tetracene (1984)

Polarized absorption spectra of tetracene (naphthacene) single crystals have been investigated between 300 and 13 K, with particular emphasis on the b -polarized spectrum. The low energy tails of the a - and b -polarized first absorption bands are expressed by the Urbach rule with the steepness coefficients σ a ′ =1.37 ±0.12, σ b ′ =1.58 ±0.13, with which possibility of self-trapping of excitons is discussed along with the dimensionality of tetracene crystals. The exciton-phonon coupling constants are found to be g a =1.09 ±0.1 and g b =0.95 ±0.08, consistent with luminescence experiments which show that excitons in tetracene are self-trapped very shallowly. The line halfwidth, the oscillator strength of the first and the second absorption bands, refractive indices, and surface exciton structure are briefly discussed.