gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Temperature-Programmed Oxidation with Microscopy for Quantitative Morphological Characterization of Thermal Cokes Produced from Pilot and Commercial Delayed Cokers (2015)

A wide series of thermal cokes obtained from commercial delayed cokers and a pilot coking plant have been investigated by polarized light microscopy observation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) technology. For discrimination of the characterization of the coke samples, the anisotropy degrees of the cokes are found to be considerably different. According to the series of runs in the pilot plant, the restricted mesophase development in thermal cokes could be ascribed to the increasing severity of coking conditions. A previous proposed signal analysis procedure was then applied to the TPO profiles of the cokes to quantitatively acquire parameters for further correlation. A fairly good linear dependency of optical texture index (OTI) upon the proportion of anisotropic carbon species from TPO (correlation coefficient of 0.984) was observed. All of the results obtained in this and our previous (Chen, K.; Xue, Z.; Liu, H.; Guo, A.; Wang, Z. A temperature-programmed oxidation method for quantitative characterization of the thermal cokes morphology. Fuel 2013, 113, 274−279) studies fall within a 95% confidence interval when the dependence of OTI upon the proportion from TPO is considered, therefore clearly demonstrating the validity and adaptability on the convenient determination of the proportion of anisotropic carbon species from TPO for the coke samples ranging from laboratory sources to pilot and even commercial origins. The distribution map of cokes established in this study could be used for quantitatively characterizing the morphology of various thermal cokes.
Fully Integrated Mach-Zhender MEMS Interferometer With Two Complementary Outputs (2011)

In this paper, a novel Mach-Zhender interferometer for spectroscopy applications is presented. The interferometer is fully integrated on an silicon on insulator wafer using deep reactive ion etching technology, the moving mirror is coupled to a comb drive microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuator. Optical propagation inside the MEMS structure is modeled and the diffraction effect is studied. Practical results show the complementary nature of the two outputs and a resolution of 25 nm at 1.55 μm is reported when using the interferometer as an Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The complementary nature of the interferometer can be further used for source noise reduction.
A Methodology for Determining Optimum Solar Tower Plant Configurations and Operating Strategies to Maximize Profits Based on Hourly Electricity Market Prices and Tariffs (2015)

The present study analyzes the influence that market conditions have on determining optimum molten salt solar tower plants with storage that maximizes profits (in terms of plant configuration, sizing, and operation) for a location in South Africa. Three different scenarios based on incentive programs and local wholesale electricity prices are considered. A multi-objective optimization modeling approach was followed, showing the tradeoff curves between minimizing investment and maximizing profits when varying critical size-related parameters (such as nameplate capacity, solar multiple (SM), and storage capacity) together with power-cycle design and operating specifications including dynamic startup curves and different storage dispatchability strategies. Results are shown by means of a comparative analysis between optimal plants found for each scenario, highlighting the value that storage has under the current two-tier tariff scheme and the relevance of designing a suitable policy for technology development. Finally, a final analysis is performed with regard to the indicators used for economic evaluation of power plants, by comparing the differences between optimum designs found when using the levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) solely as performance indicator instead of cash-flows and profit-based indicators, such as the internal rate of return (IRR).
Use of a Real‐Time Three‐Dimensional Magnetic Navigation System for Radiofrequency Ablation of Accessory Pathways (1998)

Using conventional technology, accessory pathway ablation often requires prolonged exposure of the team and patient to ionizing radiation. Further, although the primary success rate (approximately 90%) and the rate of recurrence (approximately 10%) are acceptable, there is room for improvement. Finally, inadvertent ablation of the compact node and AV/His-Purkinje system still occurs particularly with septal accessory pathways. The Biosense CARTO Nonfluoroscopic Mapping and Navigation System (CARTO System) when used to locate the accessory pathway and guide delivery of radio frequency energy to the accessory pathway, has the potential to reduce radiation exposure, improve primary ablation success, and reduce the rate of recurrence and improve safety. This article describes our experience with the CARTO Biosense System relating to setting up the CARTO System specifically for WPW mapping/ablation, and features of the CARTO System, which are particularly advantageous for mapping and ablation of accessory pathways.
Modification of Seed Germination Performance through Cold Plasma Chemistry Technology (2000)

This study was conducted to determine if an alternate seed treatment approach based on plasma chemistry would offer a more viable alternative over traditional seed coating technologies. Seed germination characteristics were modified in five agricultural species by coating the surface of the seeds with macromolecules from a cold plasma process using a rotating plasma reactor. The source gas entering the plasma chamber during the reaction process determined the type of coating, and coatings were typically much less than 5.0 μm in thickness. To delay germination we utilized two different hydrophobic source gases, carbon tetrafluoride (CF 4 ) or octadecafluorodecalin (ODFD). Seeds of radish ( Raphanus sativus ) and two pea cultivars ( Pisum sativum cv. Little Marvel, P. sativum cv. Alaska) treated with CF 4 , resulted in a significant delay in germination compared with untreated controls. Similarly, plasma treatment with ODFD significantly delayed germination in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], corn ( Zea mays L.), and bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds. The degree of delay was dependent on the amount of coating applied, with an increased thickness of coating resulting in a greater delay in germination. To enhance germination we treated seeds with cyclohexane, or with a gas such as aniline or hydrazine. Seeds treated with cyclohexane resulted in a significant acceleration in germination percentage for soybean but not corn seeds, while hydrazine‐treated corn seed showed a small acceleration over control seed. However, both aniline‐treated soybean and corn seed had a significant acceleration in germination percentage. Tests of water uptake determined that the major mode of action of the plasma coatings was largely on the rate of imbibition. These results demonstrate a potentially important technique to modify seed germination characteristics in agricultural plant species.
Low Cycle Fatigue of Unidirectional Glass/Epoxy Composites (1999)

Abstract Low cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of unidirectional polymer matrix composites (PMCs) reinforced with glass fibers is investigated. LCF conditions involve high loads reaching up to 90% of the material ultimate strength. LCF characterization of PMCs is carried out under tension-tension fatigue loading to identify the key physical phenomena occurring in PMCs under LCF conditions and to determine their unique characteristics. Analysis of experimental data indicates that finite strain rates, large strains and stress ratios may affect LCF behavior of PMC structures and the property degradation rates.
Thiolene-based microfluidic flow cells for surface plasmon resonance imaging (2011)

Thiolene-based microfluidic devices have been coupled with surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) to provide an integrated platform to study interfacial interactions in both aqueous and organic solutions. In this work, we develop a photolithographic method that interfaces commercially available thiolene resin to gold and glass substrates to generate microfluidic channels with excellent adhesion that leave the underlying sensor surface free from contamination and readily available for surface modification through self-assembly. These devices can sustain high flow rates and have excellent solvent compatibility even with several organic solvents. To demonstrate the versatility of these devices, we have conducted nanomolar detection of streptavidin-biotin interactions using in situ SPRI.
Competition of Deep and Shallow Impurities in Wide‐Gap II‐VI Semiconductors under Pressure (1996)

Abstract The effects of applied pressure on deep defects, shallow ↔ deep competition, and related doping problems in II‐VI semiconductors are reviewed. Photoluminescence studies to 100 kbar (at 7 K) on high purity ZnSe, and on several ZnSe samples doped with 10 16 to 10 19 cm −3 Cl, Ga, N, P, and As reveal striking differences between the pressure‐shifts of broad‐band features involving acceptor and/or donor deep states, and excitonic lines due to shallow band‐edge states. The binding energies of observed deep acceptor states tend to decrease with pressure, suggesting that compression acts to destabilize these states against competing shallow hole levels. A deep donor level assigned to an excited state of donor‐vacancy zn complexes emerges from the electron continuum in n‐type Ga‐ and Cl‐doped samples at ≈︁25 to 28 kbar. This previously unknown state should not affect doping in ZnSe 1−x Te x alloys since it arises from existing compensation centers.
Boron-Nitrogen Doped Dihydroindeno[1,2-b]fluorene Derivatives as Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells (2019)

The electrophilic borylation of 2,5-diarylpyrazines results in the formation of boron-nitrogen doped dihydroindeno[1,2-&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;]fluorene which can be synthesized via mildly air-sensitive techniques and the end products handled readily under atmosphereic conditions. Through transmetallation via diarylzinc reagents a series of derivatives were sythesized which show broad absorption profiles that highlight the versatility of this backbone to be used in organic solar cell devices. These compounds can be synthesized in large yields, in alow number of steps and functionalized at many stages along the way providing a large depth of possibilities. Exploratory device paramaters were studied and show PCE of 2%.
Automatic Tagging for Social Images using Convolution Neural Networks (2016)

인터넷이 급속히 발달하는 가운데 스마트폰, 디지털 카메라, 블랙박스 등의 기기에서 수집되는 방대한 영상 데이터가 소셜 미디어 사이트를 통해 빠르게 공유되고 있다. 소셜 미디어 공유 사이트에서는 일반적으로 이미지의 태그 정보를 사용하는데, 멀티미디어를 공유하는 방법이 쉬워지고 그 양이 폭발적으로 증가함에 따라 이미지에 태그를 붙여야 하는 일은 번거로움이 되고 있다. 또한 태그가 잘못 붙여지거나 안 붙은 경우에는 이미지 검색 정확도가 떨어질 가능성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이미지의 내용정보를 이용하여 자동으로 이미지로부터 태그를 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 ImageNet에서 제공하는 대용량의 이미지 데이터와 라벨을 CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) 딥러닝 기법으로 학습시킨후, 인스타그램 이미지로부터 라벨 정보를 추출하는 것이다. 추출된 라벨 정보를 이용하여 자동 태깅한 후, 검색에 활용했을 때 인스타그램의 기존 검색보다 높은 정확도를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다.
Vascular Injury Changes Topology of Vessel Network to Adapt to Partition of Blood Flow for New Arteriovenous Specification (2020)

Abstract Within vascular networks, wall shear stress (WSS) modulates endothelial cell proliferation and arteriovenous specification. Mechano-responsive signaling pathways enable vessels within a connected network to structurally adapt to properly partition blood flow between different parts of organ systems. Here, we study vascular regeneration in a zebrafish model system, performing tail amputation of the Dorsal Aorta (DA)-Posterior Cardinal Vein (PCV) embryonic circulatory loop (ECL) at 3 days post fertilization (dpf). Following severing the ECL, the topology of the micro-circular network is reorganized to engender local increase in blood flow and peak WSS in the closest Segmental Artery (SeA) to the amputation site. Remodeling of this artery increases its radius, and blood flow. These hemodynamic WSS cues activate post-angiogenic Notch-ephrinb2 signaling to guide network reconnection and restore microcirculation. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses of Notch and ephrinb2 pathways, manipulations of WSS by modulating myocardial contractility and blood viscosity directly implicate that hemodynamically activated post-angiogenic Notch-ephrinb2 signaling guides network reconnection and restore microcirculation. Taken together, amputation of the DA-PCV loop induces changes in microvascular topology to partition blood flow and increase WSS-mediated Notch-ephrinb2 pathway, driving the new DLAV-PCV loop formation for restoring local microcirculation.
Gain Scheduling-Inspired Control for Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (2009)

We present a control design method for nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) based on a combination of gain scheduling and backstepping theory for linear PDEs. A benchmark first-order hyperbolic system with a destabilizing in-domain nonlinearity is considered first. For this system a nonlinear feedback law based on gain scheduling is derived explicitly, and a statement of stability is presented for the closed-loop system. Control designs are then presented for a string and shear beam PDE, both with Kelvin-Voigt damping and potentially destabilizing free-end nonlinearities. String and beam simulation results illustrate the merits of the gain scheduling approach over the linearization-based design.
Measuring serum total and free indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate in chronic kidney disease using UPLC-MS/MS (2018)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex disorder that affects multiple organs and increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. CKD affects approximately 12% of the population in Taiwan. Loss of kidney function leads to accumulation of potentially toxic compounds such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS), two protein-bound uremic solutes that can stimulate the progression of CKD. The aim of this study was to assess whether IS and pCS levels were correlated with CKD stage. We developed and validated a method for quantitating total and free IS and pCS in serum by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Serum samples were pretreated using protein precipitation with acetonitrile containing stable isotope-labeled IS and pCS as internal standards. After centrifugation, the supernatant was diluted and injected into a UPLC-MS/MS system. Analyte concentrations were calculated from the calibration curve and ion ratios between the analyte and the internal standard. The calibration curves were linear with a correlation coefficient of >0.999; the analytical measurement range was 0.05-5 mg/L. The limit of quantitation of this assay was 0.05 mg/L for both analytes. The reference interval was ≤0.05-1.15 mg/L for total-form IS, ≤0.05-5.33 mg/L for total-form pCS, ≤0.05 mg/L for free-form IS, and ≤0.12 mg/L for free-form pCS. A positive correlation was observed between analyte concentration and CKD stage. Our sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for quantifying total and free-form IS and pCS in serum can be used to monitor the progression of CKD in clinical settings, identify patients at risk, and facilitate development of further therapies for this devastating disease.
Minimal information to determine affine shape equivalence. (2000)

Participants judged the affine equivalence of 2 simultaneously presented 4-point patterns. Performance level (d') varied between 1.5 and 2.7, depending on the information available for solving the correspondence problem (insufficient in Experiment 1a, superfluous in Experiment 1b, and minimal in Experiments 1c, 2a, 2b) and on the exposure time (unlimited in Experiments 1 and 2a and 500 ms in Experiment 2b), but it did not vary much with the complexity of the affine transformation (rotation and slant in Experiment 1 and same plus tilt in Experiment 2). Performance in Experiment 3 was lower with 3-point patterns than with 4-point patterns, whereas blocking the trials according to the affine transformation parameters had little effect. Determining affine shape equivalence with minimal-information displays is based on a fast assessment of qualitatively or quasi-invariant properties such as convexity/ concavity, parallelism, and collinearity.
The scattering spectra and color of disperse systems of weakly absorbing particles (2002)

The scattering spectra of weakly absorbing systems of spherical particles are calculated using various approximate and numerical methods. Comparative estimates are made for applicability of the single-scattering and mean-field approximations and the Monte Carlo computer simulation for different scattering multiplicities. The results of the calculations well agree with the experimental scattering spectra of the crystalline lens. Based on the spectral characteristics obtained, the chromaticity coordinates are calculated and regularities in variations of the color characteristics are analyzed as functions of the disperse system parameters.
Kluyveromyces lactis LAC4 Promoter Variants That Lack Function in Bacteria but Retain Full Function in K. lactis (2005)

The strong LAC4 promoter (P(LAC4)) from Kluyveromyces lactis has been extensively used to drive expression of heterologous proteins in this industrially important yeast. A drawback of this expression method is the serendipitous ability of P(LAC4) to promote gene expression in Escherichia coli. This can interfere with the process of assembling expression constructs in E. coli cells prior to their introduction into yeast cells, especially if the cloned gene encodes a protein that is detrimental to bacteria. In this study, we created a series of P(LAC4) variants by targeted mutagenesis of three DNA sequences (PBI, PBII, and PBIII) that resemble the E. coli Pribnow box element of bacterial promoters and that reside immediately upstream of two E. coli transcription initiation sites associated with P(LAC4). Mutation of PBI reduced the bacterial expression of a reporter protein (green fluorescent protein [GFP]) by approximately 87%, whereas mutation of PBII and PBIII had little effect on GFP expression. Deletion of all three sequences completely eliminated GFP expression. Additionally, each promoter variant expressed human serum albumin in K. lactis cells to levels comparable to wild-type P(LAC4). We created a novel integrative expression vector (pKLAC1) containing the P(LAC4) variant lacking PBI and used it to successfully clone and express the catalytic subunit of bovine enterokinase, a protease that has historically been problematic in E. coli cells. The pKLAC1 vector should aid in the cloning of other potentially toxic genes in E. coli prior to their expression in K. lactis.
Abstract 3670: Treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer with folate receptor (α/β) targeted chemotherapy is enhanced by CTLA-4 blockade: Learning from animal models (2017)

Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains to be the most lethal form of gynecologic malignancies despite aggressive cytoreductive surgery (i.e. debulking) followed by standard chemotherapy. The alpha folate receptor (FRα) has long been recognized as a tumor target for EOC due to its frequently intense overexpression (&amp;gt;80%) in the most common serous histotype. Recently, the beta folate receptor (FRβ) has been discovered on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) which are present at various densities in solid tumors but are also found abundant in malignant ascites of EOC patients. The ascites TAMs are strongly immunosuppressive, and high TAM frequency is correlated with poor patient prognosis and treatment resistance. Respectively, tumor- and TAM-associated FRα and FRβ are both functionally active which allows for folate-targeted delivery of small-molecule drug payloads via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Using flow cytometry, we characterized total ascites cells harvested from human IGROV1 xenograft (hFRα) and murine ID8-CL15 syngeneic (mFRα) models at the time of euthanasia. Approximately 70% of IGROV1 and 25% of ID8-Cl15 ascites TAMs (F4/80+ CD11b+) were found to express a functional mFRβ. While ascites fluids from both models caused a dramatic reduction of FRα functionality on tumor cells in-vivo and ex-vivo, FRβ expression and functionality on ascites TAMs were largely unaffected. Interestingly, in the ID8-CL15 model, the ratio of ascites CD8+ T cells to CD4+ T cells decreased as total FR functionality on TAMs increased. Two small-molecule folate-drug conjugates with different mechanisms of action showed activity in extending the survival of tumor-bearing animals. While CTLA-4 blockage alone was completely inactive in the ID8-CL15 model, a combination regimen significantly enhanced the activity of a folate conjugate carrying a potent DNA cross-linking agent. Our data suggest that EOC treatment may require a multi-pronged approach by targeting both FRα-expressing tumor cells and FRβ-expressing TAMs. In addition, immune checkpoint inhibitors may further enhance the FR-targeted therapeutics by modulating the ascites tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Yingjuan Lu, Theresa P. Johnson, Leroy W. Wheeler, Alex M. Lloyd, Vicky A. Cross, Elaine M. Westrick, Nikki L. Parker, Christopher P. Leamon. Treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer with folate receptor (α/β) targeted chemotherapy is enhanced by CTLA-4 blockade: Learning from animal models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3670. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3670
TUMOR CELL SPECIFIC DARK CYTOTOXICITY OF LIGHT‐EXPOSED MEROCYANINE 540: IMPLICATIONS FOR SYSTEMIC THERAPY WITHOUT LIGHT (1990)

Merocyanine 540 (MC540) was activated by exposure to 514 nm laser light. The light-exposed MC540 was then mixed (in the dark) with tumor cells and normal cells to determine the antiproliferative activity. Treatment with light-exposed MC540 resulted in 70-90% tumor cell kill from different cell lines, while 85% of the normal human mononuclear cells and 41% of the granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (CFU-GM) survived the treatment. The observed cytotoxicity of light-exposed MC540 to the tumor cells was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than the native MC540. Results show that tumor cell specificity and cytotoxicity in the light activated dye are retained for at least 30 days. Addition of catalase and mannitol decreased the cell kill by light-exposed compound, indicating that the observed effects may be due to reactive oxygen species. The electron micrographs of treated cells show a progression towards apoptosis in a majority of the cells. The life span of L1210 leukemia-bearing mice treated with light-exposed MC540 was prolonged compared to the untreated and native MC540 treated mice. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of light-exposed material shows a completely different elution profile compared to the native compound. Results presented here show that light-exposed photoactive compounds can be used without further illumination and may have significant clinical applications. Photoactive mechanisms dependent on events other than short-lived transient elevations in energy or singlet oxygen must be invoked to explain the reported cytotoxicity.