gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Aerodigestive Foreign Body Injuries Are Complications Related to Timeliness of Diagnosis (1997)

Foreign body (FB) injury from aspiration or ingestion is a common pediatric health problem. Diagnosis relies on clinical judgment plus medical history, physical examination, and radiographic evaluation. A multi-institutional review of 1269 FB events revealed that 85% were correctly diagnosed following a single physician encounter. However, 15% of the children had an elusive diagnosis (>1 week), despite previous evaluation. Delays in diagnosis were seven times more likely to occur in aspirations than in ingestions. Secondary injuries (e.g., pneumonia and atelectasis) occurred in 13% of airway FBs but in only 1.7% of esophageal FBs. Plain radiographs were used in 82% of children, and special studies (e.g., fluoroscopy) in only 7%. We conclude that diagnosis of FB injury in children is frequently achieved at the initial evaluation but that continued surveillance by follow-up visits to health care facilities from parents and other caretakers is important, to reduce pulmonary injuries.
Bright air, brilliant fire: on the matter of the mind (1992)

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PART I PROBLEMS 1 Mind 2 Putting the Mind Back into Nature 3 The Matter of the Mind. PART II ORIGINS 4 Putting Psychology on a Biological Basis 5 Morphology and Mind. Completing Darwin's Program 6 Topobiology: Lessons from the Embryo 7 The Problems Reconsidered. PART III PROPOSALS 8 The Sciences of Recognition 9 Neural Darwinism 10 Memory and Concepts: Building a Bridge to Consciousness 11 Consciousness: The Remembered Present 12 Language and Higher Order Consciousness 13 Attention and the Unconscious 14 Layers and Loops: A Summary. PART IV HARMONIES 15 A Graveyard of Isms: Philosophy and Its Claims 16 Memory and the Individual Soul: Against Silly Reductionism 17 Higher Products: Thoughts, Moments, Emotions 18 Diseases of the Mind: The Reintegrated Self 19 Is It Possible to Construct a Conscious Artifact? 20 Symmetry and Memory: On the Ultimate Origins of Mind. Epilogue. Mind Without Biology: A Critical Postscript. SELECTED READINGS. CREDITS. INDEX.
Implantable glucose sensors: Present status and future developments (2001)

Implantable glucose sensors are the basis for the development of implantable closed loop systems for glucose control in diabetic patients. Despite the efforts of several research groups in the last thirty years, implantable glucose sensors for long-term use in diabetic patients are not available at this time. Until now, these research efforts resulted in the development of systems for short-term glucose measurement in the skin. Two systems measure glucose in the subcutaneous tissue by means of electroenzymatic needle electrodes or by microdialysis coupled to external sensor systems, one system measures glucose on the surface of the skin in interstitial fluid sampled by transdermal iontophoresis. At this time none of these systems allows glucose monitoring in daily clinical practice with sufficient accuracy. Moreover, most systems only allow retrospective data analysis. In case that present technical shortcomings of short-term sensors can be solved, they might be useful for improvement of diabetes therapy in selected clinical situations.
Inversion for tilted triaxial conductivity in dipping layered formations (2015)

In this paper, a one-dimensional inversion method is presented to determine tilted triaxial conductivity in a dipping layered formation using triaxial induction measurements. The tilted triaxial conductivity is described by three conductivity components and three Euler angles. The inversion problem is solved with the Gauss-Newton method combined with the multiplicative regularization technique. There are six principal coordinate systems that can give the same conductivity tensor. Permutation is performed to eliminate the ambiguity of inversion results caused by the ambiguity of the principal coordinate system. Three new Euler angles after permutation for each layer can be found by solving a nonlinear equation.
A Study on Control by Potential Functions and Application of Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Agent System (2000)

One of the major problems of the technique that controls actions of agents by potential functions is to determine the function shapes suitable for the environment. In this paper, we study multi-agent environment where each agent autonomously acquires the parameters of potential functions. Actions of an agent are restricted by a gradient of scalar potential functions. We propose a method using reinforcement learning, especially classifier systems. Experiments with a pursuit game are done, and the following are confirmed: acquisition of the potential parameters for capturing the prey agent is possible; acquisition of the potential parameters for the two hunter agents to control each other and cooperatively capture the prey agent is also possible.
EV-Mediated Chemoresistance in the Tumor Microenvironment: Is NF-κB a Player? (2022)

Drug resistance is a major impediment to patient survival and remains the primary cause of unsuccessful cancer therapy. Drug resistance occurs in many tumors and is frequently induced by chemotherapy which triggers a defensive response both in cancerous and cancer-associated cells that constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cell to cell communication within the TME is often mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) which carry specific tumor-promoting factors able to activate survival pathways and immune escape mechanisms, thus sustaining tumor progression and therapy resistance. NF-κB has been recognized as a crucial player in this context. NF-κB activation is involved in EVs release and EVs, in turn, can trigger NF-κB pathway activation in specific contexts, based on secreting cytotype and their specific delivered cargo. In this review, we discuss the role of NF-κB/EVs interplay that sustain chemoresistance in the TME by focusing on the molecular mechanisms that underlie inflammation, EVs release, and acquired drug resistance.
Visión de la violencia escolar desde la familia (2002)

El fenomeno de la violencia social se percibe como uno de los mas importantes en nuestra sociedad actual. Esto es debido a que afecta no solo a los propios alumnos, sino tambien al resto de la comunidad escolar (maestros, familia?). Muchas veces, la percepcion de la violencia por parte de los ninos no coincide con la que tienen sus padres. Creemos importante que contrastar dichas percepciones puede ser importante para los maestros y otros profesionales para programar aquellas intervenciones que sean necesarias para reducir el numero de agresiones. La percepcion que tienen los padres sobre la violencia que se produce en las aulas y otros aspectos sobre las relaciones que se producen entre los padres y los ninos. Por ello, nuestro trabajo lo hemos realizado con padres de alumnos de Educacion Primaria, con el objetivo es conocer lo que perciben y opinan sobre la violencia en las aulas. Hemos constatado que una gran mayoria de los padres piensan que ha aumentado la violencia en el ambito escolar, generalmente de tipo fisico, o verbal y fisico. Generalmente los padres intentan razonar con sus hijos, aunque la mayoria de estos presenten comportamientos impulsivos.
Mobility-Aware Edge Caching and Computing in Vehicle Networks: A Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

This paper studies the joint communication, caching and computing design problem for achieving the operational excellence and the cost efficiency of the vehicular networks. Moreover, the resource allocation policy is designed by considering the vehicle's mobility and the hard service deadline constraint. These critical challenges have often been either neglected or addressed inadequately in the existing work on the vehicular networks because of their high complexity. We develop a deep reinforcement learning with the multi-timescale framework to tackle these grand challenges in this paper. Furthermore, we propose the mobility-aware reward estimation for the large timescale model to mitigate the complexity due to the large action space. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the theoretical findings developed in the paper and to quantify the performance gains attained.
Graft survival of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in corneal endothelial decompensation after glaucoma surgery (2021)

Eyes with previous GDD had no higher risk for an increased rebubbling rate but a higher risk for a re-DMEK due to secondary graft failure with a mean transplant survival time of about 2 years. Compared to eyes with preexisting glaucoma drainage device, eyes after trabeculectomy had less secondary graft failures and a longer mean graft survival rate.
A Point Mutation in Translation Initiation Factor eIF2B Leads to Function- and Time-Specific Changes in Brain Gene Expression (2011)

The current study demonstrates that a point mutation in eIF2B, a key translation initiation factor, has a massive effect on global gene expression in the brain. The overall changes in expression patterns reflect multiple layers of indirect effects that accumulate as the brain develops and matures. The differentially expressed genes seem to reflect delayed waves of gene expression as well as an adaptation process to cope with hypersensitivity to cellular stress.
Bringing Salary Transparency to the World: Computing Robust Compensation Insights via LinkedIn Salary (2017)

The recently launched LinkedIn Salary product has been designed with the goal of providing compensation insights to the world's professionals and thereby helping them optimize their earning potential. We describe the overall design and architecture of the statistical modeling system underlying this product. We focus on the unique data mining challenges while designing and implementing the system, and describe the modeling components such as Bayesian hierarchical smoothing that help to compute and present robust compensation insights to users. We report on extensive evaluation with nearly one year of de-identified compensation data collected from over one million LinkedIn users, thereby demonstrating the efficacy of the statistical models. We also highlight the lessons learned through the deployment of our system at LinkedIn.
Hardware-Assisted Rendering of Cylindrical Panoramas (2002)

Abstract Cylindrical panorama is being used in many applications. Cylindrical panoramic viewers render the panorama from the center of the cylinder by projecting the cylindrical map onto a planar screen. This process involves nonlinear image warping, so many panoramic viewers are implemented in software. Hardware acceleration may be used if the panorama is resampled onto the polygonal models. This paper presents an algorithm to render cylindrical panorama with hardware acceleration while using the input panorama as is. The render ing equation of cylindrical panorama is decomposed into linear approximation and nonlinear residuals. Nonlinear parts are encoded as bump maps to perturb the texture coordinates on a per-pixel basis. This process can be performed by environment-mapped bump mapping (EMBM) hardware.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY AND ELECTRODIAGNOSIS OF THE POST-POLIO MOTOR UNIT (1991)

Post-poliomyelitis syndrome refers to new symptoms that may occur years after recovery from poliomyelitis. The most common of these symptoms are new weakness, fatigue, and pain. This article describes electrodiagnostic studies--conventional electromyography (EMG), single fiber electromyography (SFEMG), and macroelectromyography (macro-EMG)--that have provided information on the post-polio motor unit and on the possible etiology of some post-polio syndrome symptoms. Muscular fatigue, and indirectly, general fatigue, may be due to neuromuscular junction transmission defects in some post-polio individuals, as suggested by reduction of the compound motor action potentials on repetitive stimulation, and increased jitter and blocking on SFEMG. Progressive weakness and atrophy in post-polio syndrome is probably due to a distal degeneration of post-polio motor units with resultant irreversible muscle fiber denervation. Electrodiagnostic evidence of ongoing denervation includes fibrillation and fasciculation potentials on conventional EMG, increased jitter and blocking on SFEMG, and smaller macro-EMG amplitudes in newly weakened post-polio muscles. However, even though electrodiagnostic studies have provided insight into the possible causes of some post-polio syndrome symptoms, no specific electrodiagnostic test for the syndrome is currently available.
Antitumor activity of abiraterone, enzalutamide, and docetaxel following treatment with diethystilbestrol in castration-resistant prostate cancer. (2017)

e581 Background: Docetaxel and Next-Generation Anti-Androgens (NGAA) including abiraterone and enzalutamide represent the standard of treatment for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Treatment sequencing of these agents is a challenge. Recent studies identified cross-resistances between hormonal therapies and taxanes, as well as between different NGAA. In aiming to elucidate whether synthetic oestrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) therapy impacts the efficacy of later-line treatments or not, we evaluated the antitumor activity of NGAA and docetaxel following DES therapy in CRPC patients. Methods: All patients with CRPC treated at Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital in first-line setting with DES from September 1995 to July 2016 were retrospectively identified. We evaluated further activities of abiraterone, enzalutamide and docetaxel in those patients after DES therapy, using Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 criteria. Clinicopathologic characteristics, including age, performans status, metastatic sites at diagnosis and treatments initiation, and data survival were also assessed. Results: Twenty-three patients with CRPC were initially treated with DES with a median time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression of 9.7 months (range, 4.7-20.3). Thirteen patients(56.5%) received abiraterone or enzalutamide before docetaxel and 21 patients (91.3%) after. Median age at first NGAA initiation was 79 years) range, 55-91). Only one patient (7.7%) achieved a PSA decline before docetaxel and two out of 18 evaluable patients (11.1%) after docetaxel. Median time to PSA progression and overall survival with a NGAA treatment were respectively 2.8 (range, 2.0-4.1) and 16.5 months(range, 4.3-31.0). Fifty percent of patients showed a PSA response with docetaxel. No clinical factors were found to be significantly associated with PSA response to NGAA treatment, nor to docetaxel. Conclusions: The activity of NGAA appears markedly limited after a DES therapy, regardless of the PSA response to docetaxel. These data suggest the likelihood of a cross-resistance mechanism between DES and NGAA, without no impact on taxanes pathways.
The Resume Paradox: Greater Language Differences, Smaller Pay Gaps (2023)

Over the past decade, the gender pay gap has remained steady with women earning 84 cents for every dollar earned by men on average. Many studies explain this gap through demand-side bias in the labor market represented through employers' job postings. However, few studies analyze potential bias from the worker supply-side. Here, we analyze the language in millions of US workers' resumes to investigate how differences in workers' self-representation by gender compare to differences in earnings. Across US occupations, language differences between male and female resumes correspond to 11% of the variation in gender pay gap. This suggests that females' resumes that are semantically similar to males' resumes may have greater wage parity. However, surprisingly, occupations with greater language differences between male and female resumes have lower gender pay gaps. A doubling of the language difference between female and male resumes results in an annual wage increase of $2,797 for the average female worker. This result holds with controls for gender-biases of resume text and we find that per-word bias poorly describes the variance in wage gap. The results demonstrate that textual data and self-representation are valuable factors for improving worker representations and understanding employment inequities.
A computationally efficient algorithm for code decision, in CCK based high data rate wireless communications (2003)

A computationally efficient algorithm for decoding an 8-chip complementary code sequence using fast Walsh transform (FWT) technique is presented. The reduction in computation is achieved by exploiting the redundant nature of a set of 4 outputs at the 3/sup rd/ stage of FWT computed from the same pair of 2/sup nd/ stage outputs, the redundancy being with respect to their squared magnitudes. The advantages of the algorithm are discussed with respect to a hardware implementation.
Orthogonal filters with a realization specified partial transfer (2003)

The embedding of transfer function F(z) as a partial transfer in an orthogonal filter so that the resulting realization of F(z) is specified as tau /sub F/=(A/sub F/ B/sub F/; C/sub F/ D/sub F/) is investigated. The necessary and sufficient conditions and a minimum size solution are given. The special case of embedding principal axis realizations is considered. Some new properties concerning the matrix norms or principal axis realizations are derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
HERBERT SCREW FIXATION OF SCAPHOID FRACTURES (1999)

Forty-four scaphoid fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation using the Herbert screw were available for evaluation at an average follow-up period of 2.1 years and a range of 1 to 6 years. They were classified according to Herbert into 25 unstable (type B); 8 delayed unions (type C); and 11 nonunions (type D). Bone grafting was required in 22 cases. Sound radiological union was achieved in 42 cases at an average of 3.2 months. The two nonunions healed after revision grafting. Using the Mayo wrist score, excellent results were achieved in 14 cases; good in 22; fair in 4; and poor in 4. Poor results were associated with nonunion in two; untreated scapholunate dissociation in 1; and screw protrusion in 1.
Towards Target-Driven Visual Navigation in Indoor Scenes via Generative Imitation Learning (2020)

We present a target-driven navigation system to improve mapless visual navigation in indoor scenes. Our method takes a multi-view observation of a robot and a target as inputs at each time step to provide a sequence of actions that move the robot to the target without relying on odometry or GPS at runtime. The system is learned by optimizing a combinational objective encompassing three key designs. First, we propose that an agent conceives the next observation before making an action decision. This is achieved by learning a variational generative module from expert demonstrations. We then propose predicting static collision in advance, as an auxiliary task to improve safety during navigation. Moreover, to alleviate the training data imbalance problem of termination action prediction, we also introduce a target checking module to differentiate from augmenting navigation policy with a termination action. The three proposed designs all contribute to the improved training data efficiency, static collision avoidance, and navigation generalization performance, resulting in a novel target-driven mapless navigation system. Through experiments on a TurtleBot, we provide evidence that our model can be integrated into a robotic system and navigate in the real world. Videos and models can be found in the supplementary material.
Challenges for retrospective cohort studies: A profile of patients who refuse participation or are lost to follow-up (2009)

6615 Background: As hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has increasingly become a curative option for many diseases, studying long-term complications has assumed critical importance. A major issue in conducting scientifically rigorous long-term follow up studies with large cohorts is the ability to track patients, and obtain informed consents. High participation rates are critical to avoid selection bias and ensure generalizability. Methods: A mass consenting process was implemented to obtain informed consents from 1056 City of Hope HCT patients transplanted during 1976–2006 who were one+ year survivors and alive in June 2007. This process involved mailing consent forms followed by phone calls. Patients were classified as consented, refused, or lost-to-follow-up (LTFU). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics indicative of higher risks for refusal or LTFU were identified. Results: Study patients comprised 58% males, and 53% Caucasians. Median age at HCT was 34 years (0.6–73); median age at study initiation was 47 years (6–81); and median time from HCT to study initiation was 10 years (1–30). Primary diagnoses included acute/chronic leukemia (43%), Hodgkin/non-Hodgkin lymphoma (36%), multiple myeloma (9%), and other miscellaneous diagnoses (12%). Fifty percent received allogeneic HCT. At the end of the process, 46% consented, 17% refused, and 37% were LTFU. Compared to consented patients, males, Asians, and younger patients were more likely to refuse consent. Patients LTFU were more likely to have lower SES, a longer time since HCT, in addition to being males, Asians and younger at HCT (Table). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the critical need for maintaining up-to-date contact information on patients after HCT in order to obtain valid long-term follow-up data. It also describes the characteristics of the sub-population that are more likely to refuse or be LTFU, information necessary for planning targeted interventions in long-term follow-up initiatives. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Two standards of care for HIV: Why are Africans being short-changed? (2009)

This editorial addresses the differences in the care of HIV in African countries compared to developed countries. It states that the enormous gaps between the standards of care diagnostic services and qualities of drugs employed continue to distinguish developing from developed countries due to access cost and stigmatization.