gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A phased array antenna for simultaneous thermotherapy and sonography (2002)

The application of ultrasound for therapeutical treatment necessitates the control of the surgery process by means of an imaging system. A new type of linear phased array antenna, which is capable to generate high power therapy sound and also exhibits a pulse echo mode for imaging, was presented previously (T. Sheljaskov et al., 1996). Meanwhile, utilizing finite element simulations, boundary element simulations and experiments on prototypes, this concept could be improved in respect to the power transfer efficiency in therapy mode and the pulse shape in sonography mode. The novel antenna consists of three sectors: two of them are used only for producing 1.7 MHz sine burst therapy ultrasound, and the third is used for both, 5.1 MHz pulse-echo imaging as well as generating therapy ultrasound. The multifunctional elements of this sector cause 1.4 dB sine burst intensity loss compared to the pure therapy elements of the other sectors, as well as 7.3 /spl lambda/ pulse length, corresponding to -20 dB ringdown time.
The dense and asymmetric central star wind of the young PN He 2−138 (2009)

We present optical European Southern Observatory time series and UV archival (Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), Hubble Space Telescope, International Ultraviolet Explorer) spectroscopy of the H-rich central star of He 2-138. Our study targets the central star wind in a very young planetary nebula, and explores physical conditions that may provide clues to the nature of the preceding post-asymptotic giant branch superwind phases of the star. We provide evidence for a dense, slowly accelerating outflow that is variable on time-scales of hours. Line-synthesis modelling (Sobolev with exact integration and CMFGEN) of low-and high-ionization UV and optical lines is interpreted in terms of an asymmetric, two-component outflow, where high-speed high-ionization gas forms mostly in the polar region. Slower, lowionization material is then confined primarily to a cooler equatorial component of the outflow. A dichotomy is also evident at photospheric levels. We also document temporal changes in the weak photospheric lines of He 2-138, with tentative evidence for a 0.36-day modulation in blue-to-red migrating features in the absorption lines. These structures may betray 'wave leakage' of prograde non-radial pulsations of the central star. These multiwaveband results on the aspherical outflow of He 2-138 are discussed in the context of current interest in understanding the origin of axi-and point-symmetric planetary nebulae.
Laser Trabeculoplasty in the Pseudophakic Patient (1993)

Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard University, Glaucoma Consultation Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Intrahepatic Size Regulation in a Surgical Model: Liver Resection-Induced Liver Regeneration Counteracts the Local Atrophy following Simultaneous Portal Vein Ligation (2016)

A discontinued portal blood supply does not always result in atrophy of the ligated lobe. The concurrent regenerative stimulus induced by 70% PHx seemed to counteract the local atrophy after a simultaneously performed rPVL, leading to a low but prolonged regenerative response of the portally deprived liver lobe. This observation supports the conclusion that portal flow is not necessary for liver regeneration. The persisting portal hyperperfusion may be crucial for the specific kinetics of prolonged liver regeneration after rPVL + 70% PHx in the portally supplied caudate lobe. Both observations deserve more attention regarding the underlying mechanism in further studies.
Simultaneous Application of Heat and Electron Particles to Effectively Reduce the Viscosity of Heavy Deasphalted Petroleum Fluids (2013)

Application of ionizing incidents, as an innovative way of combining engineering physics and chemistry to efficiently deliver energy to the electronic structure of the molecules, has introduced great opportunities to the developing oil and gas industry. Although heavy petroleum resources have been considered as a potential alternative to fulfill the growing energy inquiries, the lack of cost-effective technologies for extraction, transportation, or refinery upgrading hinders the development of heavy oil reserves. Nevertheless, electron irradiation technology can economically overcome principal problems of heavy oil processing arising from the heavy oil’s unfavorable physical and chemical properties. This technology promises to increase the yields of valuable and environmentally satisfying products in thermal cracking. Electron particles were observed to reduce the viscosity of heavy deasphalted petroleum fluid and to provide a higher concentration of light hydrocarbons in the final product. This behavior is attributed to the intensified cracking in the presence of ionizing electrons. Molecular distribution of the hydrocarbons in liquid and gas products shows that although simultaneous application of heat and electron particles accelerates the cracking process, the reaction mechanism does not differ from that of thermal cracking. The results also demonstrate the substantial influence of reaction temperature and absorbed dose upon the radiolysis throughput. Moreover, aging analyses of the post-treatment samples proves the time-stable nature of the irradiation products.
Numerical study of piping limits for installation of large diameter buckets in layered sand (2010)

This study has been a part of a research project whose aim is to develop a bucket foundation as a foundation for offshore wind turbines. The bucket foundation, often referred to as “suction caisson”, is a large cylindrical structure, typically made of steel, see Figure 1. Depending on the skirt length and diameter, the bucket has a moment resistance equivalent to a monopile, a gravity foundation or in between. The bucket is installed using suction assisted penetration where suction is applied within the caisson after an initial penetration into the seabed caused by self-weight. The suction creates a pressure differential across the caisson lid, effectively increasing the downward force on the caisson while reducing the skirt tip resistance. Suction assisted penetration has the potential to significantly reduce installation costs, since large jack-up, driving and drilling equipment can be avoided.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus genotype and its characterization. (2003)

Attention should be paid to whether these genotype and mutation patterns are related to the virus's biological activities,epidemic characteristics and host clinical symptoms.
The regional graduate medical education program of the University of Washington (1988)

To address problems of geographic and specialty distribution of physicians in the states of Washington, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho, the University of Washington School of Medicine and its affiliated hospitals developed a regional program of graduate medical education beginning in 1971. The program in 1986-87 had 77 percent of the residency positions in the region and involved more than 30 hospitals and clinics. In 1986-87, 58 percent of the residents completing training were in family medicine, internal medicine, or pediatrics. The program is centrally coordinated by the school's associate dean for clinical affairs, who works with departmental program directors and hospital and university administrators.
Predicting the Risk for Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers in Critical Care Patients (2017)

Risk for hospital-acquired pressure ulcers is overpredicted with the Braden Scale, with low specificity and low positive predictive value.
Local acid production and Helicobacter pylori: a unifying hypothesis of gastroduodenal disease. (1995)

We aimed to produce a unifying hypothesis to explain the different locations of peptic ulcer and gastritis observed in different populations. The pre-Helicobacter pylori literature on patterns of gastroduodenal disease was reviewed and compared with recent human and animal findings on H. pylori infection. Early observations revealed that duodenal and non-pre-pyloric ulcers tend to be mutually exclusive. In duodenal ulcer patients, gastritis is usually restricted to the antrum, while gastric ulcer patients experience more severe pangastritis. The manipulation of acid output by surgery or acid suppressive therapy alters the distribution of gastritis. Recent experimental evidence in humans and animals has shown that these changes parallel changes in the distribution and cellular responses to H. pylori infection. We propose that the most important factor in the ecology of the H. pylori-infected stomach is local acid production. Local acid production determines the location and severity of inflammation and the clinical outcome of this bacterial infection. Priority research areas should be the investigation of the in vivo behaviour of H. pylori in the acid and the non-acid producing areas of the stomach and the measurement of acid output in populations known to have different patterns of gastroduodenal disease.
RF performance characteristics of a novel ferroelectric varactor shunt switch (2005)

Novel ferroelectric/paraelectric variable capacitor (varactor) shunt switches have been designed, and experimentally verified recently. The ferroelectric/paraelectric varactor shunt switch operation is based on nonlinear dielectric tunability of a Ba <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.6</sub> Sr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.4</sub> TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (BST) thin-film sandwiched between two metal layers in the parallel plate configuration. Coplanar waveguide implementation of the varactor shunt switch results in a high speed RF switch, with a simple two-metal layer Si MMIC compatible process on high resistivity Si substrates
ATM signalling: a tutorial (2002)

Asynchronous transfer mode is used as a transport mechanism for B-ISDN. Being a connection oriented link, a connection control mechanism must be established to set up virtual circuits. This is the outcome of the work performed in standard organisations of which the main issues are highlighted.
Cardiac risk stratification: Role of the coronary calcium score (2010)

Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is an integral part of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD is the leading cause of death in industrialized nations and there is a constant effort to develop preventative strategies. The emphasis is on risk stratification and primary risk prevention in asymptomatic patients to decrease cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The Framingham Risk Score predicts CHD events only moderately well where family history is not included as a risk factor. There has been an exploration for new tests for better risk stratification and risk factor modification. While the Framingham Risk Score, European Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation Project, and European Prospective Cardiovascular Munster study remain excellent tools for risk factor modification, the CAC score may have additional benefit in risk assessment. There have been several studies supporting the role of CAC score for prediction of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. It has been shown to have great scope in risk stratification of asymptomatic patients in the emergency room. Additionally, it may help in assessment of progression or regression of coronary artery disease. Furthermore, the CAC score may help differentiate ischemic from nonischemic cardiomyopathy.
MAOA-a novel decision maker of apoptosis and autophagy in hormone refractory neuroendocrine prostate cancer cells (2017)

Autophagy and apoptosis are two well-controlled mechanisms regulating cell fate. An understanding of decision-making between these two pathways is in its infancy. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is a mitochondrial enzyme that is well-known in psychiatric research. Emerging reports showed that overexpression MAOA is associated with prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we show that MAOA is involved in mediating neuroendocrine differentiation of PCa cells, a feature associated with hormone-refractory PCa (HRPC), a lethal type of disease. Following recent reports showing that NED of PCa requires down-regulation of repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) and activation of autophagy; we observe that MAOA is a novel direct target gene of REST. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by overexpressed MAOA plays an essential role in inhibiting apoptosis and activating autophagy in NED PCa cells. MAOA inhibitors significantly reduced NED and autophagy activation of PCa cells. Our results here show MAOA as a new decision-maker for activating autophagy and MAOA inhibitors may be useful as a potential therapy for neuroendocrine tumors.
Active front steering system using adaptive sliding mode control (2013)

This study deals a robust approach to improve vehicle handling manoeuvres and path tracking performance for front steering system of Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs). The approach used the dynamic sliding mode control based on an integral sliding surface to enhance the robustness of the proposed controller and vehicle handling performance. In this paper, the controller is designed to be insensitive and robust to system uncertainties and disturbances. Its stability analyse based on Lyapunov theory is introduced to ensure the stability of this close-loop control. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed AFS system in yaw stability for SUV via the co-simulation of Matlab/Simulink and CarSim® under double lane change procedure and various road surface conditions.
Project Echo: Boresight Cameras for Recording Antenna Pointing Accuracy (1961)

Motion picture cameras equipped with telephoto lenses were installed on the transmitting and receiving antennas at Holmdel, New Jersey. When the Echo satellite was visible, a camera obtained a photographic record of the pointing accuracy of the antenna. These data were then used to correlate variations of signal strength with deviations in antenna pointing angle.
Potassium Iodide as a Chemical Actinometer for 254 nm Radiation: Use of lodate as an Electron Scavenger (1997)

Abstract— A solution of 0.6 M iodide and 0.1 M iodate in 0.01 M borate buffer (pH 9.25) can be used as a chemical actinometer to measure the incident fluence from a low‐pressure mercury lamp that puts out more than 85% of its energy at 254 nm. The actinometric solution is optically opaque to light below 290 nm and is optically transparent to wavelengths greater than 330 nm. Hence, the solution absorbs all of the germicidal wavelengths but little if any of the ambient light normally present in the laboratory. Iodate acts as an electron scavenger and prevents the back reaction of the free electron with the iodine atom following UV excitation of KI. Irradiation results in the linear formation of triiodide, which is quantitated by measuring its absorbance at 352 nm. The quantum yield for this system is approximately 0.75 0.03 at 20.7A o C or approximately three times greater than that obtained previously using nitrous oxide as an electron scavenger. A model is proposed to account for this difference. A precise expression to account for the concentration and temperature dependence of the quantum yield is given by pH = 0.75(1 + 0.23[C ‐ 0.577])(1 + 0.02[T ‐ 20.7]) where C is the concentration of iodide and T is the temperature. The concentration of iodide can be obtained from the absorbance at 300 nm prior to irradiation using 1.061 MJ cm −1 as the molar extinction coefficient. This actinometric system meets the quality criteria established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry with the caveat that it is designed to measure only germicidal radiation (i.e. wavelengths less than 290 nm).
Impact of the duration of normothermic regional perfusion on the results of liver transplant from controlled circulatory death donors: A retrospective, multicentric study (2021)

In France, the program of controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) was established with routine use of in situ normothermic regional perfusion (NRP). There is currently no consensus on its optimal duration. The purpose was to assess the impact of NRP duration on liver graft function and biliary outcomes. One-hundred and fifty-six liver recipients from NRP-cDCD donors from six French centers between 2015 and 2019 were included. Primary endpoint was graft function assessed by early allograft dysfunction (EAD, according to Olthoff's criteria) and MEAF (model for early allograft function) score. Overall, three (1.9%) patients had primary non-function, 30 (19.2%) patients experienced EAD, and MEAF score was 7.3 (±1.7). Mean NRP duration was 179 (±43) min. There was no impact of NRP duration on EAD (170±44 min in patients with EAD vs. 181±42 min in patients without, P = .286). There was no significant association between NRP duration and MEAF score (P = .347). NRP duration did neither impact on overall biliary complications nor on non-anastomotic biliary strictures (overall rates of 16.7% and 3.9%, respectively). In conclusion, duration of NRP in cDCD donors does not seem to impact liver graft function and biliary outcomes after liver transplantation. A 1 to 4-h perfusion represents an optimal time window.
Photonic technique to study the effects of probiotics on chronic alcoholic brain cells by quantifying their molecular specific structural alterations via confocal imaging (2021)

Molecular specific photonics localization method, the inverse participation ratio (IPR) technique, is a powerful procedure to probe the nano- to submicron scales structural alterations in cells/tissues in their abnormalities due to chronic alcoholism using confocal imaging. Chronic alcoholism introduces abnormalities in brain cells/tissue at the nanoscale level that results in behavioural and psychological disorders which are not well understood. On the other hand, probiotics such as Lactobacillus plantarum enhances brain functions in chronic alcoholism. Using the IPR technique, we probe the molecular specific spatial structural alterations in glial brain cells astrocytes and microglia, as well as in chromatins in the nuclei of cortex brain cells, with or without probiotic treatments in chronic alcoholism. The results show chronic alcoholism alone harms brain cells and the probiotic treatment in chronic alcoholism reverses alcoholic damage in the brain cells/tissues toward normalcy.
Performance of Interleave Division Multiple Access Based on Minimum Mean Square Error Detection (2007)

Interleave division multiple access (IDMA) recently attracted many research activities because of its excellent performance despite its reasonable low complexity. The low complexity is usually realized by the multiuser detector that applies an approximation similar to the rake receiver for CDMA systems. So far, this type of detector has been most frequently considered in IDMA literature. In this paper we investigate the performance of IDMA based on linear <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">minimum</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mean</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">square</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">error</i> (MMSE) detection. The MMSE detector is more complex than the rake-like approximation. At the price of the complexity, however, it is shown that the MMSE detector brings several advantages over the rake-like approach such as the superior performance on channels with spectrally poor characteristics, effective iterative processing for lower SNR values, faster convergence and therefore shorter decoding delays, and better performance for short block length. We also confirm that the complexity can be drastically reduced by the low rank approximation of the MMSE filter by its multistage representation without compromising on the performance.
Bended Light-Guide Modeling Under Broken Cloud Arrays (2018)

Bended light-guides represent an effective way of transporting of daylight into interiors of buildings, which can not be illuminated by vertical or roof windows. The effectivity of using those kind of devices depends on their physical parameters (length, diameter, band orientation, inner reflectance). But dependence on exterior properties, such as position of Sun, turbidity of atmosphere and mainly the presence of broken cloud arrays, is prior. Experimental approach of describing behavior of a light-guide is practically impossible, because of rapid changes of exterior conditions and of unrepeatability of measurements. Therefore, there is a need of numerical modeling as accurate as possible, which takes into account a wide range of sky states and variable configuration of light-guide. So far, most of such modeling were based on using empirical models, while our approach includes local state of the atmosphere and also 3D modeling of light transport through the light-guide. This contribution is focused on determining the efficiency of the bended light-guides with different bend angles and orientation of their upper part by various levels of cloud fractions and positions of Sun. As a modeling tool, a link between the programs Unisky Simulator and Holigilm was created. Unisky Simulator is designed to model sky luminance distributions for arbitrary meteorological conditions and Holigilm enables calculations of light transmittance bended light-guides.
Formation of an Aluminide Coating on Hot Stamped Steel (2010)

The degradation of type 1 aluminized coating during hot stamping leads to the coating cracking due to the formation of a brittle FeAl2 intermetallic phase. The formation of an aluminide coating prior to hot stamping was investigated as a method to simultaneously improve the coating ductility and achieve a good hot corrosion resistance of the hot stamped parts. A formable aluminide coating was obtained when the coating alloying was achieved during the pre-heating of the steel and an Fe content higher than 70 at% (83 wt%) was reached. The coating was identified as Fe3Al phase at room temperature. The formation of this aluminide coating on 22MnB5 hot stamping steel was investigated in detail. The effect of this alternative hot stamping thermal cycle on the room temperature mechanical properties of the steel was also investigated.