gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partially Reliable Transport Layer for QUICker Interactive Immersive Media Delivery (2022)

requirements such as high bandwidth (i.e., several Gbps) and low latency (i.e., five milliseconds). Today, most video-streaming applications leverage the transmission control protocol (TCP) for reliable end-to-end transmission. However, the reliability of TCP comes at the cost of additional delay due to factors such as connection establishment, head-of-line (HOL) blocking, and retransmissions under sub-optimal network conditions. Such behavior can lead to stalling events or freezes, which are highly detrimental to the user's Quality of Experience (QoE). Recently, QUIC has gained traction in the research community, as it promises to overcome the shortcomings of TCP without compromising on reliability. However, while QUIC vastly reduces the connection establishment time and HOL blocking, thus increasing interactivity, it still underperforms while delivering multimedia due to retransmissions under lossy conditions. To cope with these, QUIC offers the possibility to support unreliable delivery, like that of the user datagram protocol (UDP). While live-video streaming applications usually opt for completely unreliable protocols, such an approach is not optimal for immersive media delivery since it is not affordable to lose certain data that might affect the end user's QoE. In this paper, we propose a partially reliable QUIC-based data delivery mechanism that supports both reliable (streams) and unreliable (datagrams) delivery. To evaluate its performance, we have considered two immersive-video delivery use cases, namely tiled 360-degree video and volumetric point clouds. Our approach outperforms state-of-the-art protocols, especially in the presence of network losses and delay. Even at a packet loss ratio as high as 5%, the number of freezing events for a 120-second video is almost zero as against 120 for TCP.
Monitoring the autonomic nervous system in the ICU through cardiovascular variability signals (1997)

Studies the usefulness of cardiovascular variability parameters for monitoring intensive-care unit (ICU) patients, and discusses assessing ICU patient status using spectral analysis parameters. Both short-term and long-term spectral parameters were employed for the assessment of patient status in the ICU. Short-term parameters were sensitive to the airway suction (AWS) and may also be employed to monitor the response to different therapeutic interventions. Long-term parameters showed significantly increased /spl alpha/-slope values in nonsurviving patients. This result suggests that the /spl alpha/-slope value on 24-hour RR spectra obtained from the ECG signal may be a relevant prognostic index.
Characteristics of a potent tumor vaccine-induced secondary anti-tumor T cell response. (2004)

This study describes a tumor vaccine-induced secondary in vivo T cell response to an immunodominant epitope of beta-galactosidase (Gal) as a model tumor-associated antigen. DBA/2 mice are primed with lacZ transfected live ESbL tumor cells (ESbL-Gal) in the ear pinna, a site which had previously been shown to be non-tumorigenic and immunogenic. Intraperitoneal challenge of such mice with tumor vaccine (i.e., 10(7) irradiation-inactivated ESbL-Gal cells) leads to the production of a powerful CD8+ CTL response and to the establishment of immune memory. Using peptide/MHC-tetrameric complexes, clonal expansion of antigen-specific T cells could be detected during the primary response in bone marrow (BM) and during the secondary response in the peritoneal cavity and BM. The secondary response in the peritoneal cavity involved a >80-fold enrichment of epitope specific CD8+ T cells and the release of various cytokines, including IL-12 and TNF-alpha. The recruitment and/or expansion of Gal specific T cells within the peritoneal cavity could be inhibited by anti-IL-12 and anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment. Interestingly, the secondary CTL response was inhibited by anti-IL-12 but not by anti-TNF-alpha mAb. The results characterize a strong systemic CD8+ memory T cell response to a cell bound antigen without the use of adjuvant.
Coset-based lattice detection for MIMO systems (2007)

This paper presents a new sub-optimal lattice decoder based on decomposition of the detection lattice into cosets and iterative application of LLL reduction to its primal and dual representations. From each coset, a candidate solution is chosen using linear equalization followed by integer quantization. These candidates are then compared and the best amongst them is returned. Because the cosets are identical save for distinct translation vectors, their sub-lattice decoders share common preprocessing and can operate very efficiently in parallel. Exclusive of pre-processing, the computational complexity of the proposed decoder is quadratic in the problem dimension and linear in the number of cosets. Simulation results demonstrate the near-ML bit error rate performance offered by the new decoder in the context of existing QAM-modulated MIMO detection schemes.
Design and development of soft robot for head and neck cancer radiotherapy (2018)

In this paper, we present a new design of head immobilization system for head and neck (H and N) cancer radiotherapy. The immobilization system consists of a radio-translucent 3D printed thermoplastic, helmet-like structure open partially in the front and custom-made fluidic actuators. The system can be actuated using compressed air to induce pitch and roll rotations. The mechatronic components of the system include two valves for each chamber, a microcontroller, airflow sensor, power supply, a compressed air source, and one pump to remove air. All of these are kept away from the patient's head so as not to interfere with the radiation beams, and radiation transparent tubing are connected with the chambers to the mechatronic components. The design provides comfort to patients due to curvature fit of patient head/neck and the use of soft actuators. The material used for custom-made actuators is silicone elastomer Eco-Flex 30. The main design variables are air chamber size, air pressure, volume flow rate, number of chambers, layers of sealing and shore hardness of the elastomer. Various arrangements of actuators and designs are investigated. The fabricated new actuators specifically designed for the positioning system were characterized using a humanoid robot head that mimics an actual patient’s head. We hope that the new device will give comfort to patients due to curvature fit of patients’ head/neck and the soft compliant actuators.
Effect of redox potential of added metals and ultrasound irradiation on the oxidation behavior of gallium-based liquefied alloys (2023)

This paper investigated the effect of two-step ultrasound irradiation (miniaturization and oxidation) on various gallium-based liquefied alloys in ethanol and hydrazine monohydrate at 60 °C. The miniaturization and oxidation behavior of the liquefied alloys were analyzed. In the Ga-based alloy system, the miniaturization process was not as efficient as that of pure gallium due to changes in corrosive properties, surface tension, and viscosity caused by the addition of other metals. In the oxidation step, nanosized crystal grains were abundantly generated at the initial stage, and metal-doped γ-Ga2O3 was finally obtained in the Ga–Al and Ga–Mg systems. However, in the Ga–Ag system, the alloy’s oxidation rate was slow, and Ag-doped γ-Ga2O3 was not obtained. These results suggest that the redox potential of added metals significantly affects the oxidation behavior. By utilizing this phenomenon, it is possible to synthesize γ-Ga2O3 nanoparticles with controlled composition and morphology.
Ethanol impairs insulin-mediated glucose uptake by an indirect mechanism. (1996)

The effect of ethanol (ETOH) on muscle metabolism was assessed in both normal (NC) and noninsulin-dependent (NIDDM) subjects in the basal state and during isoglycemic hyperinsulinemia (450 pmol/L) clamp studies carried out either with systemic (NC, n = 5; NIDDM, n = 5) or intrabrachially (NC, n = 5; NIDDM, n = 5)ETOH infusion. On a repeat study, each subject underwent the same experimental procedures, except that saline was infused instead of ETOH. Systemic ETOH significantly decreased whole body glucose disposal in both NC and NIDDM patients. In NC, ETOH infusion decreased basal forearm glucose uptake (FGU) from 1.22 +/- 0.20 to 0.32 +/- 0.04 mumol/min.100 mL tissue (P < 0.01), whereas in NIDDM, this decrement was not significant (from 0.95 +/- 0.31 to 0.66 +/- 0.23). With saline infusion, hyperinsulinemia significantly stimulated FGU to 4.09 +/- 0.46 mumol/min.100 mL tissue in NC and to 2.50 +/- 0.76 in NIDDM. During ETOH, FGU was depressed by 81% in NC (delta = 3.32 mumol/min.100 mL tissue) and by 48% (P < 0.05) in NIDDM (delta = 1.21 mumol/min.100 mL tissue). Local ETOH infusion did not affect FGU in either NC (1.18 +/- 0.23 vs. 1.1 +/= 0.11 mumol/min.100 mL tissue in the baseline condition and 4.12 +/- 0.65 vs. 3.97 +/- 0.35 in insulin-stimulated conditions) or NIDDM (1.05 +/- 0.29 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.19 mumol/min.100 mL tissue in baseline condition and 2.72 +/- 0.82 vs. 2.83 +/- 0.51 in insulin-stimulated conditions) subjects. With systemic ETOH, but not local infusion, there was a reduction in baseline plasma free fatty acid level and an increase in blood lactate concentration during isoglycemic hyperinsulinemia. In summary, systemic ETOH infusion impairs both whole body and forearm glucose uptake in NC and NIDDM subjects; this effect was more apparent in NC than in NIDDM at both the whole body and forearm level. On the contrary, intrabrachial ETOH infusion did not affect forearm glucose balance in either group. These results suggest that the reduction in muscle glucose disposal associated with increased systemic ETOH concentrations is not caused by a direct ETOH effect on muscle glucose metabolism.
[Comparative evaluation of the informative value of the rapid serochek mbt test to determine mycobacterium tuberculosis antibodies and mantoux tuberculin test in adults]. (2007)

The diagnostic informative value of the Serochek MBT test (Zephyr Biomedicals, India) in detecting serum Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibodies was compared with that of the Mantoux tuberculin test with 2 TE of PPD-L in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The informative value of the study rapid method for the diagnosis of tuberculosis was generally 1.8 times less than that of the Mantoux tuberculin test with 2 TE of PPD-L (only intensive and hyperergic tuberculin tests were kept in mind): 6.1 times less in patients with small forms; 1.4 times less in the examinees with disseminated processes; 1.5 times greater than in chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. Since the detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis are very important at an early development stage of the disease, the findings (9% positive serotests in small forms of pulmonary tuberculosis) suggest the low sensitivity of the approved Serochek MBT test in verifying the presence of serum Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibodies and therefore its low informative value as a method to be used for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Advertising Effectiveness (2023)

The following sections are included:IntroductionStream 1: Models of Advertising ElasticityStream 2: Models of Advertising Carryover and DynamicsStream 3: Models of Ad FrequencyStream 4: Models of Advertising ContentStream 5: Field Experiments of the Effects of AdvertisingStream 6: Effects of Digital AdvertisingSummaryAcknowledgmentsReferences
Rapid Development of Advanced Question-Answering Characters by Non-experts (2011)

We demonstrate a dialogue system and the accompanying authoring tools that are designed to allow authors with little or no experience in building dialogue systems to rapidly build advanced question-answering characters. To date seven such virtual characters have been built by non-experts using this architecture and tools. Here we demonstrate one such character, PFC Sean Avery, which was developed by a non-expert in 3 months.
High concentrations of sub-3nm clusters and frequent new particle formation observed in the Po Valley, Italy, during the PEGASOS 2012 campaign (2016)

Abstract. The concentrations of neutral and charged sub-3nm clusters and their connection to new particle formation (NPF) were investigated during the PEGASOS campaign (7 June–9 July 2012) at the San Pietro Capofiume measurement station in the Po Valley, Italy. Continuous high concentrations of sub-3nm clusters were detected during the measurement period, although the condensation sink was relatively high (median value 1.1 × 10−2 s−1). The median cluster concentrations were 2140 and 7980 cm−3 in the size bins of 1.5–1.8 and 1.8–3 nm, and the majority of them were electrically neutral. NPF events were observed during the measurement period frequently, on 86 % of the days. The median growth rates of clusters during the events were 4.3, 6.0 and 7.2 nm h−1 in the size ranges of 1.5–3, 3–7 and 7–20 nm. The median formation rate of 1.6 nm clusters was high, 45 cm−3 s−1, and it exceeded the median formation rate of 2 nm clusters by 1 order of magnitude. The ion-induced nucleation fraction was low; the median values were 0.7 % at 1.6 nm and 3.0 % at 2 nm. On NPF event days the neutral cluster concentration had a maximum around 09:00 (local winter time), which was absent on a non-event day. The increase in the cluster concentrations in the morning coincided with the increase in the boundary layer height. At the same time radiation, temperature and SO2 concentration increased, and RH and condensation sink decreased. The concentrations of neutral and charged clusters were observed to have a positive correlation with sulfuric acid proxy, indicating the significance of sulfuric acid for the cluster formation in San Pietro Capofiume. The condensation sink had a negative correlation with the concentration of charged clusters but no clear relation to the neutral cluster concentration. This finding, together with back-trajectory analysis, suggests that the precursor vapors of the clusters and background aerosol particles, acting as their sink, have possibly originated from the same sources, including e.g., power plants and industrial areas in the Po Valley.
Identification of miRNAs in a Liver of a Human Fetus by a Modified Method (2009)

Our results indicate that a special group of miRNAs may play an important role in fetal liver development in a synergistic manner.
Recent Developments in Toransition Metal-Catalyzed Polymerization. II. Highly Isospecific Polymerization of Propylene by Modified Isospecilic Catalyst. (2002)

本研究では, ポリプロピレン (PP) 製造用の第4世代触媒 (TiCl4/フタル酸ジエステル/MgCl2) のアイソ特異性をさらに向上させるため, 第4世代触媒の範疇で触媒調製法の改良を二つのコンセプトに従って行った. 2種類のコンセプトで調製した高性能改良触媒は, 既存の第4世代触媒に比較しアイソ特異性が向上し, 高活性で99.5%以上のアイソタクチシチーを有するPPを生成した. 生成したPPをTREF, DSC, GPCおよび13C NMRにより詳細に解析した結果, 本研究の高性能改良触媒は, 従来の第4世代触媒に比較して, 活性種の均質化が大幅に進んでいることが示唆された. さらに, 高性能改良触媒は, プロピレンエチレンランダム共重合においても, 特徴的であり従来の第4世代触媒に比較して, ランダム性が高く, 組成分布の狭いランダムコポリマーを生成した.
Effect of staggered arrays on cooling characteristics of impinging water jet on a hot steel plate (2015)

Water impinging jet has been widely used in cooling of hot steel plate at steelmaking processes. The effects of staggered arrays on water impinging jet cooling were mainly investigated at fixed jet Reynolds number of 35,000 and nozzle-to-plate distance of 100 mm. The time-and space-resolved heat flux was experimentally measured with different staggered geometric array configurations which are considered to 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, 8D, and 10D, respectively. The heat flux were measured by a novel experimental technique that has a function of high-temperature heat flux gauge in which is used to measure the heat flux distributions on the hot surface. The qualitative flow visualization showed complex behavior for staggered array configuration, which exhibits a radial flow interaction issuing from adjacent nozzles. The results show that the maximum area-averaged heat flux was observed at S/D = 4. This was caused by the radial interaction between adjacent jets which affects different boiling heat transfer on a hot steel plate. In this study, the measured heat flux curves are also provided to a benchmark data for designing a new type of accelerated cooling equipment for plate mill.
Comprehensive Technology Readiness Assessment Report for LL20-ML-AIT-NE-1-PD3TB (2022)

This document ensures that technologies relevant to LL20-ML-AIT-NE-1-PD3TB "AIT-NEO" have been demonstrated to work as intended and at the appropriate technology readiness level.This assessment is intended to offer management tools for understanding and mitigating
Restricted Semliki Forest virus replication in perforin and Fas-ligand double-deficient mice (2008)

Previously, we have shown that mice defective in granule exocytosis and/or Fas.L/Fas-mediated cytolytic pathways are significantly more resistant to alphavirus, Semliki Forest virus (SFV), infection compared with wild-type mice. Here, we evaluated SFV replication in different tissues of mice defective in both cytolytic pathways (perf −/− x gld ) relative to that in wild-type counterparts and found that viral replication in perf −/− x gld mice is remarkably restricted. Although the mechanism responsible for this observation is yet to be established, the lower virus titres found in these mice indicate that the role of cytolytic effector molecules in antiviral immunity needs to be re-evaluated.
[Diabetic neuropathy. II. Autonomic neuropathy. The gastrointestinal system]. (1984)

Autonomic diabetic neuropathy of the alimentary canal takes several basic forms: a) oesophagopathy , b) gastroparesis, c) enteropathy, d) bile duct disorders. In many cases three are no subjective symptoms. In other the onset of the clinical condition may take acute and dangerous forms as in gastropathy. In still other cases e.g. enteropathy, the neuropathy may develop in bizarre and unexpected ways which are highly damaging to the patient's quality of life though in most cases they are not fatal. Bile disorders involving minimal motility after stimulus, as in denervation and reduced sensitivity to pain are particularly significant. Diabetics are more likely to suffer from calculosis (59.6% of cases), with septic complications (20% in diabetics compared to 7.8% in non-diabetics) or cholestasis (20% in diabetics v. 15.8% in non-diabetics). These figures indicate that all diabetics and especially the elderly should be subjected to careful examination to identify any bile disorders.
Figures of merit for focusing mega-electron-volt ion beams in biomedical imaging and proton beam writing (2008)

A figure of merit (FOM) has been developed for focusing quadrupole multiplet lenses for ion micro- and nanobeam systems. The method which is based on measurement of the central peak of the two-dimensional autocorrelation function of an image provides separate FOM for the horizontal and vertical directions. The approach has been tested by comparison with the edge widths obtained by nonlinear fitting the edge widths of a Ni grid and found to be reliable. The FOM has the important advantage for ion beam imaging of biomedical samples that the fluence needed is considerably lower than for edge fitting.
Giant Amplification of Noise in Fluctuation-Induced Pattern Formation (2017)

The amplitude of fluctuation-induced patterns might be expected to be proportional to the strength of the driving noise, suggesting that such patterns would be difficult to observe in nature. Here, we show that a large class of spatially extended dynamical systems driven by intrinsic noise can exhibit giant amplification, yielding patterns whose amplitude is comparable to that of deterministic Turing instabilities. The giant amplification results from the interplay between noise and nonorthogonal eigenvectors of the linear stability matrix, yielding transients that grow with time, and which, when driven by the ever-present intrinsic noise, lead to persistent large amplitude patterns. This mechanism shows that fluctuation-induced Turing patterns are observable, and are not strongly limited by the amplitude of demographic stochasticity nor by the value of the diffusion coefficients.
Triple band Planar Inverted-F antenna loaded with LC resonator (2015)

In this paper, a conventional Planar Inverted-F antenna is loaded with a LC resonator to achieve triple band behavior. The LC resonator enables the excitation of two modes (one lower and one higher) in addition to reference PIFA mode. The radiation patterns at the lower and reference PIFA mode bears the quasi-omnidirectional property while an endfire pattern is achieved for the higher mode. Prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated to validate the result obtained in simulation.
Structure-Guided Development of Deoxycytidine Kinase Inhibitors with Nanomolar Affinity and Improved Metabolic Stability (2014)

Recently, we have shown that small molecule dCK inhibitors in combination with pharmacological perturbations of de novo dNTP biosynthetic pathways could eliminate acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in animal models. However, our previous lead compound had a short half-life in vivo. Therefore, we set out to develop dCK inhibitors with favorable pharmacokinetic properties. We delineated the sites of the inhibitor for modification, guided by crystal structures of dCK in complex with the lead compound and with derivatives. Crystal structure of the complex between dCK and the racemic mixture of our new lead compound indicated that the R-isomer is responsible for kinase inhibition. This was corroborated by kinetic analysis of the purified enantiomers, which showed that the R-isomer has >60-fold higher affinity than the S-isomer for dCK. This new lead compound has significantly improved metabolic stability, making it a prime candidate for dCK-inhibitor based therapies against hematological malignancies and, potentially, other cancers.
Using Deep Learning to Enhance Compton Camera Based Prompt Gamma Image Reconstruction Data for Proton Radiotherapy (2021)

Abstract Proton beam radiotherapy is a cancer treatment method that uses proton beams to irradiate cancerous tissue while simultaneously sparing doses to healthy tissue. In order to optimize radiational doses to the tumor and ensure that healthy tissue is spared, many researchers have suggested verifying the treatment delivery through real‐time imaging. One promising method of real‐time imaging is through a Compton camera, which can image prompt gamma rays emitted along the beam's path through the patient. However, the images reconstructed with modern reconstruction algorithms are often noisy and unusable for verifying proton treatment delivery due to limitations with the camera. This paper demonstrates the ability of deep learning for removing false prompt gamma couplings and correcting the improperly ordered gamma interactions within the data for the case of Triples and Doubles‐to‐Triple events.
Dramatic bandwidth enhancement in nonlinear metastructures via bistable attachments (2019)

We report amplitude-dependent substantial enhancement of the frequency bandwidth in locally resonant metamaterial-based finite structures (metastructures) via bistable attachments. The bistable magnetoelastic beam attachments of the unit cells exhibit linear intrawell, nonlinear intrawell, and nonlinear interwell oscillations for low, moderate, and sufficiently high intensity excitations, respectively. As a result, the overall metastructure leverages linear locally resonant bandgaps under low amplitudes and nonlinear attenuation due to wideband chaotic vibrations of the bistable attachments under large amplitudes. The concept was first demonstrated through a linear mass-spring chain with bistable attachments in a numerical case study. Experimental results and validations are then presented for a base-excited cantilever beam hosting seven bistable unit cells. Transition from linear locally resonant bandgaps to nonlinear attenuation is observed, and the amplitude-dependent bandwidth enhancement is shown. The bandwidth offered by nonlinear interwell oscillations is substantially wider than the linear locally resonant bandgap that is limited by the added mass.