gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Three Alcohol Dehydrogenase Isozymes from Syrian Golden Hamsters (1996)

Electrophoresis of freshly prepared tissue homogenates of the Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) on starch gel followed by activity staining with ethanol as the substrate revealed three major alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isozymes. One of these isozymes, TT-ADH, found only in the testes of golden hamsters was previously purified and partially characterized (Keung WM: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 156:38-45, 1988). The other two, AA- and BB-ADH, which are most abundant in the liver, have now been purified by affinity chromatography on 4-(3-(N-(6-aminocaproyl)amino)propyl)pyrazole-sepharose and testosterone-17 beta-hemisuccinate-agarose. Hamster AA-, BB-, and TT-ADH are all homodimers of molecular weight near 80,000 and each contains 4 atoms of zinc. Amino acid analyses show that BB-ADH is most closely related to the gamma-form of human class I ADH, whereas AA- and TT-ADH are most closely related to the beta-form of the human enzyme. BB-ADH is the only hamster ADH that is active toward sterols and sensitive to testosterone and isoflavone inhibition. These results suggest that hamster BB- and human gamma gamma-ADH also share similar catalytic properties. AA- and TT-ADH are neither active toward sterols nor sensitive to testosterone or isoflavone inhibition; thus, they are functionally different from the human alpha alpha- or gamma gamma-ADHs. Compared with AA- and BB-ADH, TT-ADH exhibits much higher Km values toward primary aliphatic alcohols and cyclohexanol. AA- and BB-ADH share similar substrate specificities toward primary aliphatic alcohols. However, they exhibit different stereospecificities for secondary alcohols. BB-ADH prefers the (R)-(-)-isomer of 2-butanol, whereas AA-ADH prefers the (S)-(-)-isomer. These results further demonstrate that catalytically, hamster BB- and AA-ADH belong to different subfamilies of class I ADH.
Transpulmonary dilution system identification for pulmonary blood volume measurements by contrast echocardiography (2006)

Pulmonary blood volume (PBV) is an important parameter to assess the condition of the lungs and the transpulmonary circulation. Unfortunately, its measurement is limited by the need for central catheterization. Contrast ultrasonography allows overcoming this problem. A small bolus of ultrasound contrast agent is injected in a peripheral vein and its passage through the right ventricle and left atrium is detected non-invasively by an ultrasound transducer. The PBV is then given by the product of the mean transit time (MTT) of the contrast between the two measurement sites times the cardiac output. The MTT is estimated by specific model interpolation of the measured dilution curves. In this paper we present a new method for PBV measurements based on a system identification approach. This method identifies the parameters of the model that represents the dilution system impulse response. No subsequent model interpolation is needed. The local density random walk model is adopted to represent the transpulmonary dilution system. Volume measurements show accurate in-vitro results with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.99. The clinical feasibility is confirmed by 70 measurements in patients. Beyond an accurate quantification of pulmonary blood volume, the proposed method also permits the characterization of the transpulmonary hemodynamics, possibly adding novel diagnostic value to the measurement
Using Electron Density to Predict Synthon Formation in a 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid: 4,4′-Bipyridine Cocrystal (2018)

Experimental charge density distribution studies complemented by quantum mechanical theoretical calculations of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HBA) (1), 4,4′-bipyridine (44BP) (2), and one polymorphic form of the cocrystal containing 4HBA and 44BP molecules in a 2:1 ratio (3), have been carried out via high resolution single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Synthon formation was found to be the main driving force for crystallization in both (1) and (3) with a carboxylic acid homosynthon present in (1) and a heterosynthon in (3) comprised of a carboxylic acid from 4HBA and a pyridine nitrogen and aromatic hydrogen from 44BP. Topological analysis revealed the bonding in the homosynthon to be stronger than the heterosynthon (305.88 versus. 193.95 kJ mol–1) with a greater number of weak interactions in (3) helping to stabilize the structure. The distance from the hydrogen and hydrogen bond acceptor to the bond critical point (bcp) was also found to be a significant factor in determining bond strength, potentially having a greater effect than lone pair directionality. Two different methods of lattice energy calculations were carried out and both methods found (1) to be more stable than (3) by ∼40 and 10 kJ mol–1 for the LATEN and PIXEL methods, respectively. Energy framework diagrams reveal (1) to be dominated by Coulombic forces while both Coulombic and dispersion forces are prominent in (3) contributing equally to the lattice energy. This study examined the utility of homosynthons and heterosynthons in future crystal engineering endeavors and concluded that although in this case the single molecule crystal was more thermodynamically stable, the asymmetry of the cocrystal system allowed it to form a wider range of interactions resulting in only a small reduction in stability. This highlights the potential of using heterosynthons to develop cocrystals to improve pharmaceuticals. These findings highlight the utility of high-resolution single-crystal X-ray crystallography in rationalizing observed physical properties.
Retrospective Cine ventilation imaging under spontaneous breathing conditions: a non invasive imaging protocol for rat lung function assessment (2005)

International audience
Oil-degradation characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa WJ-1 (2011)

A hydrocarbon-degrading facultative strain WJ-1 was isolated from the formation water of Menggulin oil reservoir and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the physiological-biochemical tests and 16S rDNA technology.In order to investigate the biodegradation characteristics of this strain with crude oil as sole carbon source,four different crude oils gathered from Xinjiang,Zhongchakou,Daqing-Jiangqiao,Menggulin oil reservoirs were used.The biodegradation effect on four fractions(saturated hydrocarbons,non-hydrocarbons,aromatics,asphaltene and resin)of oil were analyzed by rod thin layer chromatography and the results showed that the relative contents of non-hydrocarbons,asphaltene and resin decreased in average by above 10% after WJ-1 strain metabolism.Gas chromatography experiments indicated that the light components of saturated hydrocarbons increased,the heavy components of saturated hydrocarbons and phenanthrene of aromatics decreased.The viscosity and solidification point of four crude oils in average reduced by about 45% and 6℃.Physical simulation studies using four different crude oils in porous media showed that the strain WJ-1 could enhance oil recovery by 4.78%,5.15%,7.39%,9.02% respectively in contrast to water flooding.
Multiplexing Gain of Variable-Rate MIMO Systems (2007)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) have a potential to approach the channel capacity. We analyze the multiplexing gain of variable-rate (VR) MIMO systems in a generic framework and derive a sufficient and necessary condition for a VR MIMO system to achieve any given multiplexing gain. A pragmatic way of predicting the multiplexing gain of a VR MIMO system based on the component modulation modes is obtained
Improvement of a detection chain based on a VCO concept for microelectronic reliability under natural radiative environment (2015)

A way of improvement of an oscillator concept, dedicated to detection and tracking of low energy particles with low fluxes, is presented. The solution is based on an indirect detection of the current generated at the input of the detection chain, through a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) response. In order to improve the correlation between the input current and the oscillator response (signal recognition), a new solution of particle detector based on simple VCO circuit is proposed. The solution enhances the particle recognition with a simple analysis of the VCO output. The new output parameter variations are analyzed.
Type dispatch for named hierarchical types (1999)

Type dispatch constructs are an important feature of many programming languages. Scheme has predicates for testing the runtime type of a value. Java has a class cast expression and a try statement for switching on an exception's class. Crucial to these mechanisms, in typed languages, is type refinement: The static type system will use type dispatch to refine types in successful branches. Considerable previous work has addressed type case constructs for structural type systems without subtyping, but these do not extend to named type systems with subtyping, as is common in object oriented languages. Previous work on type dispatch in named type systems with subtyping has not addressed its implementation formally.This paper describes a number of type dispatch constructs that share a common theme: class cast and class case constructs in object oriented languages, ML style exceptions, hierarchical extensible sums, and multimethods. I describe a unifying mechanism, tagging , that abstracts the operation of these constructs, and I formalise a small tagging language. After discussing how to implement the tagging language, I present a typed language without type dispatch primitives, and a give a formal translation from the tagging language.
Cell Polarity and Patterning by PIN Trafficking through Early Endosomal Compartments in Arabidopsis thaliana (2013)

PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins localize asymmetrically at the plasma membrane and mediate intercellular polar transport of the plant hormone auxin that is crucial for a multitude of developmental processes in plants. PIN localization is under extensive control by environmental or developmental cues, but mechanisms regulating PIN localization are not fully understood. Here we show that early endosomal components ARF GEF BEN1 and newly identified Sec1/Munc18 family protein BEN2 are involved in distinct steps of early endosomal trafficking. BEN1 and BEN2 are collectively required for polar PIN localization, for their dynamic repolarization, and consequently for auxin activity gradient formation and auxin-related developmental processes including embryonic patterning, organogenesis, and vasculature venation patterning. These results show that early endosomal trafficking is crucial for cell polarity and auxin-dependent regulation of plant architecture.
Nonlocal Sparse Tensor Factorization for Semiblind Hyperspectral and Multispectral Image Fusion (2019)

Combining a high-spatial-resolution multispectral image (HR-MSI) with a low-spatial-resolution hyperspectral image (LR-HSI) has become a common way to enhance the spatial resolution of the HSI. The existing state-of-the-art LR-HSI and HR-MSI fusion methods are mostly based on the matrix factorization, where the matrix data representation may be hard to fully make use of the inherent structures of 3-D HSI. We propose a nonlocal sparse tensor factorization approach, called the NLSTF_SMBF, for the semiblind fusion of HSI and MSI. The proposed method decomposes the HSI into smaller full-band patches (FBPs), which, in turn, are factored as dictionaries of the three HSI modes and a sparse core tensor. This decomposition allows to solve the fusion problem as estimating a sparse core tensor and three dictionaries for each FBP. Similar FBPs are clustered together, and they are assumed to share the same dictionaries to make use of the nonlocal self-similarities of the HSI. For each group, we learn the dictionaries from the observed HR-MSI and LR-HSI. The corresponding sparse core tensor of each FBP is computed via tensor sparse coding. Two distinctive features of NLSTF_SMBF are that: 1) it is blind with respect to the point spread function (PSF) of the hyperspectral sensor and 2) it copes with spatially variant PSFs. The experimental results provide the evidence of the advantages of the NLSTF_SMBF method over the existing state-of-the-art methods, namely, in semiblind scenarios.
Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review (2011)

It is commonly known that optic neuropathies affect colour vision disproportionately more than visual acuity, compared to other causes of visual loss.However, as the authors put it, it is surprising that this assumption has never been proven.In this retrospective study, the authors measured the best-corrected visual acuities (Snellen) and colour vision (Ishihara Test 14 Plate Book) of 259 eyes of 259 patients who had visual loss due to one of the following causes: (1) optic neuropathies; (2) maculopathy; (3) media opacity and (4) amblyopia.Optic neuropathies included optic neuritis, anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and compressive optic neuropathies.Patients with congenital colour deficiency were excluded.It was found that colour vision was correlated to visual acuity in all four groups.However for the same degree of visual loss, colour vision was worst in the optic neuropathy group, followed by maculopathy and media opacity.Colour vision was least affected in the amblyopia group.Particularly in patients with mild visual loss (VA 20/100 or better), the colour vision was significantly affected (0-9.5/15correct Ishihara plates) in 38% of patients with optic neuropathy, but almost none in the other three groups.This study therefore confirmed that disportionate loss of colour vision was an indicator of visual loss from optic neuropathies.
Self-Connecting Inflow Cannula to Support Implantation of Ventricular Assist Device (2021)

The inflow cannula of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) is connected with suturing, and the establishment of a convenient and less time procedure is required for a consistent connection. We have developed a self-connecting inflow cannula using the integrated low-level energies adhesion technique that enables tissue and metal adhesion only by applying heat and pressure for around a hundred seconds. In this study, we performed an animal experiment to identify issues with the device. The device connection was completed in about 6 minutes. Based on the experimental results, we improved the device; the adhesive area height is shortened from 15 mm to 10.5 mm to fit the ventricle wall thickness, and the number of vacuum slits is increased from two to three to improve the tissue adhesion. The adhesion strength of the device is improved by 40% from 36 kPa to 50 kPa.
High-speed transparent switch via frequency upconversion (2007)

We demonstrate a novel all-optical switch based on frequency upconversion. The switch features advantages for telecommunications: it is fast, transparent, frequency-multiplexable and bias-free.
Ultimate Aims and Prospects of Inventions (2015)

Scholars from academic units and research personnel from company research departments are welcome to contribute research papers which are innovative and inventive to the journal Inventions, the founding of which has been embodied with three very important aims: The first is the timely publication, spread and promotion of innovative and inventive research papers. [...]
Progesterone receptor membrane component 1/Sigma-2 receptor associates with MAP1LC3B and promotes autophagy (2013)

Autophagy resembles a recycling process in which proteins, organelles, or regions of the cytoplasm are enveloped and degraded. We have found that two of the central autophagy proteins, MAP1LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, also described as LC3) and UVRAG (UV radiation resistance associated/UV radiation associated gene), complex with PGRMC1/S2R (progesterone receptor membrane component 1, also known as sigma-2 receptor). PGRMC1 is a cytochrome that is induced in cancer and is essential for tumor formation, invasion, and metastasis. Autophagy contributes to the turnover of long-lived and/or ubiquitinated proteins and the clearance of damaged organelles, and we have shown that PGRMC1 promotes both processes. Inhibition of PGRMC1 by RNAi or small molecule inhibitors causes autophagy substrates to increase and aberrant mitochondria to accumulate. We propose that this disruption of autophagy upon PGRMC1 inhibition increases AMPK activation, elevating the levels of TSC1 (tuberous sclerosis complex) and TSC2 and inactivating MTOR and RPS6KB/p70S6K, causing cleaved MAP1LC3B levels to increase. Thus, PGRMC1 binds to key components of the autophagy machinery and is required for the degradative activity of autophagy.
SULFUR YLIDES IN REACTIONS WITH 4-SUBSTITUTED CYCLOHEXANONES STEREOCHEMISTRY AND REACTIVITY (1997)

The stereochemistry of the epoxidation reactions of the title compounds (R= Me, Et, t-Bu, Ph, p-F-Ph, OMe, OH, CF3, OCOPh) with sulfur ylides (dimethylsulfonium methylide and dimethyloxosulfonium methylide) has been determined in three different solvents (DMSO, C6H6 and THF). Relative rates have been measured and the kinetic constants k(cis) and k(trans) determined.
Seismic waves in a self-gravitating planet (2013)

The elastic-gravitational equations describe the propagation of seismic waves including the effect of selfgravitation. We rigorously derive and analyze this system of partial differential equations and boundary conditions for a general, uniformly rotating, elastic, but aspherical, inhomogeneous, and anisotropic, fluid-solid earth model, under minimal assumptions concerning the smoothness of material parameters and geometry. For this purpose we first establish a consistent mathematical formulation of the low regularity planetary model within the framework of nonlinear continuum mechanics. Using calculus of variations in a Sobolev space setting, we then show how the weak form of the linearized elastic-gravitational equations directly arises from Hamilton’s principle of stationary action. Finally we prove existence and uniqueness of weak solutions by the method of energy estimates and discuss additional regularity properties.
Effects of Substance Use and Sex Practices on the Intestinal Microbiome During HIV-1 Infection (2018)

Drug use and sex behavior are important factors associated with intestinal dysbiosis during chronic HIV-1 infection among young MSM.
Fast processing of highly crosslinked, low-viscosity vitrimers (2019)

This study describes a rational approach to go beyond the current processability limits of vitrimer materials, with a demonstration of low-viscosity fast processing of highly crosslinked permanent networks.
Texture evaluation in ductile fracture process by neutron diffraction measurement (2016)

A neutron diffraction measurement was performed to reveal microstructural aspects of the ductile fracture in ferritic steel. The diffraction patterns were continuously measured at the center of the reduced area while a tensile specimen was loaded under tension until the end of the fracture process. The measurement results showed that the volume fraction of (110)-oriented grains increased when the texture evolved as a result of plastic deformation. But the mechanism of texture evolution may be changed during necking, decreasing an increase rate of the volume fraction.
Adoptive Transfer of Invariant NKT Cells as Immunotherapy for Advanced Melanoma: A Phase I Clinical Trial (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Invariant NKT cells (iNKT) are innate-like CD1d-restricted T cells with immunoregulatory activity in diseases including cancer. iNKT from advanced cancer patients can have reversible defects including IFNγ production, and iNKT IFNγ production may stratify for survival. Previous clinical trials using iNKT cell activating ligand α-galactosylceramide have shown clinical responses. Therefore, a phase I clinical trial was performed of autologous <i>in vitro</i> expanded iNKT cells in stage IIIB-IV melanoma.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Residual iNKT cells [<0.05% of patient peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)] were purified from autologous leukapheresis product using an antibody against the iNKT cell receptor linked to magnetic microbeads. iNKT cells were then expanded with CD3 mAb and IL2 <i>in vitro</i> to obtain up to approximately 10<sup>9</sup> cells.<b>Results:</b> Expanded iNKT cells produced IFNγ, but limited or undetectable IL4 or IL10. Three iNKT infusions each were completed on 9 patients, and produced only grade 1-2 toxicities. The 4th patient onward received systemic GM-CSF with their second and third infusions. Increased numbers of iNKT cells were seen in PBMCs after some infusions, particularly when GM-CSF was also given. IFNγ responses to α-galactosylceramide were increased in PBMCs from some patients after infusions, and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to <i>Candida</i> increased in 5 of 8 evaluated patients. Three patients have died, three were progression-free at 53, 60, and 65 months, three received further treatment and were alive at 61, 81, and 85 months. There was no clear correlation between outcome and immune parameters.<b>Conclusions:</b> Autologous <i>in vitro</i> expanded iNKT cells are a feasible and safe therapy, producing Th1-like responses with antitumor potential. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3510-9. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Design of a low leakage ESD clamp for high voltage supply in 65nm CMOS technology (2014)

System on Chip (SOC) designs in 65nm and beyond CMOS processes have the need to support higher voltage power supply domains in addition to the more traditional core and I/O voltages. In this work a new supply clamp architecture is proposed which ensures a reliable low leakage performance at the Higher supply voltages (5.0V for 65nm). The clamp's turn-on characteristics spans the full duration of the actual ESD events making it fully capable to effectively protect the sensitive devices in the 5V core circuit. The low leakage aspect of the supply clamp is demonstrated with the help of high temperature measurements.
Polyethenetetrathiolate or polytetrathiooxalate? Improved synthesis, a comparative analysis of a prominent thermoelectric polymer and implications to the charge transport mechanism (2018)

Polymerisation of the “true monomer” results in a high quality product with improved and good reproducible characteristics.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with controlled loading of cationic dendrimer for gene delivery (2014)

In this work, a series of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with predictable and adjustable cationic charge densities for gene delivery were designed, synthesized and characterized. The 'clickable' MSNs with controlled and randomly distributed azide groups were synthesized by co-condensation method, and PAMAM dendrimer was conjugated to MSNs via quantitative click modification. The structures of PAMAM-functionalized MSNs were characterized by FTIR, XRD and TEM analyses. Dendrimer-functionalized MSNs formed complexes with plasmid DNA (pDNA), and the complexes were successfully transfected into human kidney cell 293 T. The in vitro cytotoxicity and gene transfection efficacy were also investigated.
Projection Pursuit Regression (1981)

Abstract A new method for nonparametric multiple regression is presented. The procedure models the regression surface as a sum of general smooth functions of linear combinations of the predictor variables in an iterative manner. It is more general than standard stepwise and stagewise regression procedures, does not require the definition of a metric in the predictor space, and lends itself to graphical interpretation.