gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shear Stress Sensing using Elastomer Micropillar Arrays (2013)

The measurement of shear stress developed as a fluid moves around a solid body is difficult to measure. Stresses at the fluid-solid interface are very small and the nature of the fluid flow is easily disturbed by introducing sensor components to the interface. To address these challenges, an array of direct and indirect techniques have been investigated with various advantages and challenges. Hot wire sensors and other indirect sensors all protrude significantly into the fluid flow. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices, although facilitating very accurate measurements, are not durable, are prone to contamination, and are difficult to implement into existing model geometries. One promising approach is the use of engineered surfaces that interact with fluid flow in a detectable manner. To this end, standard lithographic techniques have been utilized to generate elastomeric micropillar arrays of various lengths and diameters. Micropillars of controlled length and width were generated in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer using a soft-lithography technique. The 3D mold for micropillar replication was fabricated using laser ablative micromachining and contact lithography. Micropillar dimensions and mechanical properties were characterized and compared to shear sensing requirements. The results of this characterization as well as shear stress detection techniques will be discussed.
Release Kinetics of Volatile Organic Compounds from Roasted and Ground Coffee: Online Measurements by PTR-MS and Mathematical Modeling (2007)

The present work shows the possibilities and limitations in modeling release kinetics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from roasted and ground coffee by applying physical and empirical models such as the diffusion and Weibull models. The release kinetics of VOCs were measured online by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Compounds were identified by GC-MS, and the contribution of the individual compounds to different mass fragments was elucidated by GC/PTR-MS. Coffee samples roasted to different roasting degrees and ground to different particle sizes were studied under dry and wet stripping conditions. To investigate the accuracy of modeling the VOC release kinetics recorded using PTR-MS, online kinetics were compared with kinetics reconstituted from purge and trap samplings. Results showed that uncertainties in ion intensities due to the presence of isobaric species may prevent the development of a robust mathematical model. Of the 20 identified compounds, 5 were affected to a lower extent as their contribution to specific m/z intensity varied by <15% over the stripping time. The kinetics of these compounds were fitted using physical and statistical models, respectively, the diffusion and Weibull models, which helped to identify the underlying release mechanisms. For dry stripping, the diffusion model allowed a good representation of the release kinetics, whereas for wet stripping conditions, release patterns were very complex and almost specific for each compound analyzed. In the case of prewetted coffee, varying particle size (approximately 400-1200 microm) had no significant effect on the VOC release rate, whereas for dry coffee, the release was faster for smaller particles. The absence of particle size effect in wet coffee was attributed to the increase of opened porosity and compound diffusivity by solubilization and matrix relaxation. To conclude, the accurate modeling of VOC release kinetics from coffee allowed small variations in compound release to be discriminated. Furthermore, it evidenced the different aroma compositions that may be obtained depending on the time when VOCs are recovered.
Determination Of Ph Including Hemoglobin Correction (2023)

Methods and apparatuses of determining the pH of a sample. A method can comprise determining an infrared spectrum of the sample, and determining the hemoglobin concentration of the sample. The hemoglobin concentration and the infrared spectrum can then be used to determine the pH of the sample. In some embodiments, the hemoglobin concentration can be used to select an model relating infrared spectra to pH that is applicable at the determined hemoglobin concentration. In other embodiments, a model relating hemoglobin concentration and infrared spectra to pH can be used. An apparatus according to the present invention can comprise an illumination system, adapted to supply radiation to a sample; a collection system, adapted to collect radiation expressed from the sample responsive to the incident radiation; and an analysis system, adapted to relate information about the incident radiation, the expressed radiation, and the hemoglobin concentration of the sample to pH.
Trends in the ultimate breakdown strength of high dielectric-constant materials (2003)

The ultimate breakdown strength E/sub bd/ of a dielectric material is found to decrease as the dielectric-constant k increases. A thermochemical description of the ultimate breakdown strength of high-k dielectrics suggests that E/sub bd/ should reduce approximately as (k)/sup -1/2/ over a wide range of dielectric materials while the field-acceleration parameter /spl gamma/ should increase in similar but inverse manner. New time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) data are presented over a wide range of dielectric materials and E/sub bd/ was found to decrease as (k)/sup -0.65/ while /spl gamma/ increases as (k)/sup 0.66/. The good agreement between thermochemical theory and high-k TDDB observations suggests that the very high local electric field (Lorentz-relation/Mossotti-field) in high-k dielectrics tends to distort/weaken the polar molecular bonds making them more susceptible to bond breakage by standard Boltzmann processes and/or by hole-capture and thus lowers the breakdown strength.
Suppression of chronic experimental autoimmune neuritis by nasally administered recombinant rat interleukin‐6 (1999)

Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is a CD4+ T-cell-mediated demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and serves as experimental model for human immune-demyelinating neurophathies, especially the Guillain-Barré syndrome. In this study, we examined the effect of recombinant rat interleukin-6 (rrIL-6) on chronic EAN in Lewis rats induced by immunization with P2 peptide 57-81 and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Nasal administration of rat rIL-6 (1 microg/rat/day) beginning in the initial phase of EAN as a therapeutic agent, decreased the severity and the duration of clinical EAN. Low-grade inflammation and suppression of regional demyelination within the sciatic nerves were seen in rrIL-6-treated rats. Hyporesponsiveness of lymph node T cells, down-regulation of serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and increased levels of P2-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibodies document that nasal administration of rrIL-6 was effective systemically. However, because of the non-specific nature of the treatment and multiple effects of IL-6, more experience and great caution are needed, before nasal administration of IL-6 can be considered as a treatment of human autoimmune demyelinating neurophathies.
Intelligent thermal management using brushless DC fans-implementing reliable, full-featured, and cost-effective systems for cooling and thermal supervision (2002)

Although BDC fans are superior to conventional fans, they are still less than optimum solutions. Because they are electromechanical devices, BDC fans do not achieve the same level of reliability as the system electronics they protect. BDC fan failure commonly results from wear-out mechanisms (primarily fan bearing failures), physical damage, or blockage by foreign objects; or electrical failure. Like all air moving devices, BDC fans generate acoustic noise, a growing concern given the number of electronic systems introduced to the home and workplace. These issues can be minimized by adding BDC fan management circuitry to operate the fan only as necessary to maintain system temperature within limits.
A Molecular Coupling Mechanism for the Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase Na+ Pump As Inferred from Mutational Analysis (2000)

The oxaloacetate decarboxylase Na+ pump consists of subunits alpha, beta, and gamma, and contains biotin as the prosthetic group. Membrane-bound subunit beta catalyzes the decarboxylation of carboxybiotin coupled to Na+ translocation, and consumes a periplasmically derived proton. Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved amino acids of transmembrane helix VIII indicated that residues N373, G377, S382, and R389 are functionally important. The polar side groups of these amino acids may constitute together with D203 a network of ionizable groups which promotes the translocation of Na+ and the oppositely oriented H+ across the membrane. Evidence is presented that two Na+ ions are bound simultaneously to subunit beta during transport with D203 and S382 acting as binding sites. Sodium ion binding from the cytoplasm to both sites elicits decarboxylation of carboxybiotin, and a conformational switch exposes the bound Na+ ions toward the periplasm. After dissociation of Na+ and binding of H+, the cytoplasmically exposed conformation is regained.
Biochemistry of Periodontal Connective Tissues and their Regeneration: A Current Perspective (1996)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: Collagensproteoglycansfibroblastsperiodontiumregeneration
Volcanoes of the World (second edition) (1995)

Research Article| January 01, 1995 Volcanoes of the World (second edition) REGINALD P. BRIGGS REGINALD P. BRIGGS Geomega, Inc., P. O. Box 12933, Pittsburgh, PA 15241 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (1995) I (3): 384–385. https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.I.3.384 Article history first online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation REGINALD P. BRIGGS; Volcanoes of the World (second edition). Environmental & Engineering Geoscience 1995;; I (3): 384–385. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.I.3.384 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyEnvironmental & Engineering Geoscience Search Advanced Search This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Chapitre 3. Historique de la réglementation des stéréotypes et de la représentation équitable (2011)

Depuis sa création, le CRTC a maintes fois fait écho aux préoccupations exprimées afin de contrôler les stéréotypes se retrouvant dans la programmation. Cet objectif paraît d’autant plus important que les jeunes téléspectateurs semblent être le groupe cible le plus susceptible d’être affecté par la récurrence des stéréotypes à la télévision.Les mesures prises par le CRTCDès les années 1960 se manifestent des interrogations sur les eff
Comment on temperature variations near a surface in He II (1979)

An order-of-magnitude estimate is given of the temperature gradients in superfluid helium near a heated surface.Received 27 November 1978DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.19.3831©1979 American Physical Society
TREATMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF PALMITIC ACID BY MESOPHILIC AND THERMOPHILIC ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION (1997)

中温および高温におけるパルミチン酸の嫌気性処理特性について比較検討を行った. 中温と比較して高温において, パルミチン酸の分解速度は約1.4倍大きく, 限界濃度は1.8倍大きかった. 一方, 高級脂肪酸はβ-酸化によって酢酸と水素を経由してメタンまで分解される. 中温と比較して高温の場合には, パルミチン酸の分解速度が高いにもかかわらず, 中間生成物である酢酸の分解速度が高くならないため, それに伴って生成するメタンの生成量は中温と高温で同様な値を示した. 水素資化性メタン生成細菌の細菌数は中温より高温の方が2オーダーほど高い値となった.
Content delivery service in NGSON (2011)

The proliferation of content on the internet is the result of users taking the role of Prosumers (Producers and Consumers). Enormous amount of content is generated and consumed by users. NGSON aims at providing users and services with reliable content delivery service which can handle large content in both live and offline mode. In this paper we discuss an experiment conducted based on NGSON's Content Delivery functionality which utilize the internet storage, cloud storage and operator deployed CDN.
A New Central venous Catheter Cap: Decreased Microbial Growth and Risk for Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection (2009)

An antimicrobial catheter cap is not a complete substitute for a proper catheter cleaning technique and other anti-infection precautions. However, we describe a unique catheter cap that significantly decreased the likelihood of a catheter-related infection from a non-cleaned cap in an in vitro model.
Development of a Biomarker for Penconazole: A Human Oral Dosing Study and a Survey of UK Residents’ Exposure (2016)

Penconazole is a widely used fungicide in the UK; however, to date, there have been no peer-reviewed publications reporting human metabolism, excretion or biological monitoring data. The objectives of this study were to i) develop a robust analytical method, ii) determine biomarker levels in volunteers exposed to penconazole, and, finally, to iii) measure the metabolites in samples collected as part of a large investigation of rural residents' exposure. An LC-MS/MS method was developed for penconazole and two oxidative metabolites. Three volunteers received a single oral dose of 0.03 mg/kg body weight and timed urine samples were collected and analysed. The volunteer study demonstrated that both penconazole-OH and penconazole-COOH are excreted in humans following an oral dose and are viable biomarkers. Excretion is rapid with a half-life of less than four hours. Mean recovery of the administered dose was 47% (range 33%-54%) in urine treated with glucuronidase to hydrolyse any conjugates. The results from the residents' study showed that levels of penconazole-COOH in this population were low with >80% below the limit of detection. Future sampling strategies that include both end of exposure and next day urine samples, as well as contextual data about the route and time of exposure, are recommended.
Experimental studies of anomalous radon activity in the Tlamacas Mountain, Popocatepetl Volcano area, México: new tools to study lithosphere-atmosphere coupling for forecasting volcanic and seismic events (2012)

This study presents and discusses the results of soil radon monitoring at three different volcano sites and one reference site, from December 2007 to January 2009. This relates to the activity of the Popocatepetl Volcano and a radon survey and gamma-ray spectrometry in the area between Paso de Cortes and Tlamacas Mountain, and in the adjacent regions. The results are applied to the aspects of atmosphere electricity and lithosphere-atmosphere coupling in relation to the forecasting of volcano and earthquake activity. The monitoring of radon release reveals a decrease in radon concentration (down to total suppression) with approaching moderate volcanic eruptions. The behavior of the radon activity at the Tlamacas site is more apparent, compared to other observational sites. The average level of radon release observed at the Tlamacas site is much higher, with some characteristic variations. Both the radon survey and gamma-ray spectrometry indicate intensive diffusion radon emission localized in the area of Tlamacas Mountain. The average radon concentration in the area of Tlamacas is about 10-20-fold greater than the background volcano values. The new concept of lithosphere-atmosphere coupling is presented: intensive radon release in high elevated areas shortens and modifies the Earth-to-thunderclouds electric circuit, which provokes microdischarges into the air close to the ground, attracting lightning discharges. This concept attempts to explain in a new way the noise-like geomagnetic emissions registered before major earthquakes, and it promotes interest for the study of thunderstorm activity in seismo-active zones, as a promising instrument for earthquake forecasting.
Millimeter-wave Received Power Prediction Using Point Cloud Data and Supervised Learning (2022)

This paper demonstrates the feasibility of predicting the future received power of millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication using point cloud data. To mitigate the human blockage problem in mmWave communication, previous works have studied a camera-vision assisted mmWave link quality prediction, which predicts the time-series of the received power from the next moment to as many as several hundred milliseconds ahead by leveraging camera imagery and machine learning. However, camera imagery generally includes privacy-sensitive information, which induces privacy concerns in the camera-assisted mmWave networks. In this paper, we demonstrate that point cloud, which can be obtained by light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors and poses fewer privacy concerns than camera imagery, can be an alternative to the cameras in mmWave link quality prediction. Specifically, we propose a mmWave received power prediction method using point cloud data, and our experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed method predicts mmWave received power 500ms ahead with a root-mean-squared error of 3.3dB, which is comparable to the existing camera-based method. Moreover, we verify that even minor environmental changes can degrade the accuracy of the trained prediction model and this degradation can be mitigated by model fine-tuning with a small dataset.
<title>Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging of a single living cell using green fluorescent protein</title> (1997)

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging microscopy is a unique tool to visualize the spatiotemporal dynamics of protein interactions in living cells. Genetic vectors that encode protein fusions with green fluorescent protein (GFP) provide a method for imaging protein localization in living cells. We used FRET to study dimerization of the pituitary-specific transcription factor Pit-1 fused to GFP and BFP. A fusion protein containing GFP separated from BFP by 29 amino acids served as a positive control for FRET. Transcriptional activity of the GFP- and BFP-Pit-1 fusion proteins was demonstrated by their ability to activate the prolactin gene promoter. Using optimized excitation and emission filters, cells expressing the fluorescently-tagged Pit-1 proteins were imaged with a back- thinned, back-illuminated CCD chip that has about 50% quantum efficiency in the blue range. 2D FRET images acquired at the focal plane demonstrated Pit-1 protein associations in the nucleus of living cells. The significance of 2- and 3-D energy transfer imaging from these living cells is discussed.
Fluidised bed and steam drying news (2013)

The drying of pressed sugar beet pulp in a pressurised fluidised bed with superheated steam is widely used in the sugar industry and can be considered to be state of the art for energy-efficient drying concepts in combined plant systems. The process has been used on a large scale in the sugar industry for more than 20 years. In the past campaign, BMA subjected existing drying systems at various locations to a number of refinements. These systematic, process engineering modifications allow the driers to work more efficiently and reliably. Feeding pressed pulp into a fluidised-bed drier is a critical phase in the drying process and can lead to malfunctions. The ability to determine the fluidisation conditions in the first drier cells provides more detailed insights into the process so that critical situations can be detected at an early stage and therefore malfunctions can be avoided. Further investigations have shown that the height of the fluidised bed has a considerable effect on adequate product transport and on the degree to which the heat from the circulated steam is utilised and, consequently, on water evaporation.
Comparison of Various Systems for On-Site Wastewater Treatment (1990)

Diffuse pollution, caused by direct discharges from individual houses, small built-up nuclei, farms, camp-sites, etc., for which connection to central wastewater treatment systems is unfeasible, may be significantly reduced by on-site treatment. Based on a large scale research, including intensive field-research work on 14 systems of different types and sizes in a range equal to population equivalents (p.e) of 5 - 200 persons, 8 different types of system were compared. The comparison involved technological features, such as removal efficiency, reliability, operational and maintenance aspects, environmental impacts and land claims, together with economical features showing significant differences. Advantages and disadvantages of each system are highlighted to enable a selection of suitable systems to be made. When no limiting factors are present, it was found that - in general-infiltration systems (infiltration pits; infiltration trenches) have the best features for on-site treatment up to 100 p.e. For larger capacities, or when infiltration is not possible, the rotating biological contactor will be the best solution mainly because of the lower costs.
The elimination of degeneracies in spin systems of magnetically equivalent nuclei by nematic solvents and spin tickling (1976)

Unique new observables for spin systems composed of magnetically equivalent nuclei can be obtained by dissolving symmetric molecules in nematic solvents and then utilizing nuclear magnetic double resonance techniques. Proper manipulation of both the decoupling radiofrequency and the observing FT pulses allows one to prepare the spin system so that a degenerate transition can be separated into its component parts. These techniques are exhibited for the AX2 spin system and can be expected to be very useful in the study of relaxation in more complex coupled systems, such as A3, AX3, A2X2, etc. Also, different relaxation rates for the singlet and triplet transitions can be observed for these two components of the central line. The nonexponential behavior of this particular combination line in the absence of tickling is thereby readily explained.
Preparation and transplantation of photoreceptor sheets (1998)

Purpose. Photoreceptor (PR) transplantation may be a treatment for blindness secondary to PR degeneration. We studied different technical aspects of PR-sheet preparation.Methods. Geographic variation in the thickness of the cat PR layer (from the outer segments to the outer plexiform layer) and inner retina (width of the remainder of the retina) was studied. PR sheets (cat and human) were prepared through gelatin embedding and subsequent vibratoming or excimer laser ablation. Cat PR sheets were evaluated after transplantation.Results. The thickness of the cat PR layer and inner retina varied in different regions. The superior central retina, including the area centralis, was thickest (PR layer: 115–123 μm, entire retina: 225–230 μm, in fixed tissue). The peripheral retina was ∼40% thinner than the center. Fresh retina was ∼7.9% thicker than the fixed retina. Both vibratomy and excimer laser ablation removed the inner retina, leaving a PR-layer sheet with good morphology. To produce good quality PR sheets with vibratomy, use of different gelatin concentrations (2% to 35%) at various stages of sheet preparation was crucial. To produce PR sheets of uniform thickness with excimer laser ablation, control of fluid on the retinal surface was critical. Twenty-four hours after PR transplantation surgery, donor PR cells were well oriented and in close contact with host retinal pigment epithelial cells. Gelatin supporting the transplant dissolved as early as 100 min after surgery.Conclusions. We confirmed and expanded the work of previous investigators and showed that cat and human PR sheets can be manufactured using vibratomy or excimer laser ablation. This preparation provides a well oriented and organized PR cell layer after transplantation. Curr. Eye Res. 17: 573–585, 1998.