gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust universal neural vocoding (2018)

This paper introduces a robust universal neural vocoder trained with 74 speakers (comprised of both genders) coming from 17 languages. This vocoder is shown to be capable of generating speech of consistently good quality (98% relative mean MUSHRA when compared to natural speech) regardless of whether the input spectrogram comes from a speaker, style or recording condition seen during training or from an out-of-domain scenario. 
Together with the system, we present a full text-to-speech analysis of robustness of a number of implemented systems. The complexity of systems tested range from a convolutional neural networks-based system conditioned on linguistics to a recurrent neural networks-based system conditioned on mel-spectrograms. The analysis shows that convolutional neural networks-based systems are prone to occasional instabilities, while the recurrent approaches are significantly more stable and capable of providing universalizing robustness.
Cerebral Blood Flow with the Continuous Infusion of Oxygen-15-Labeled Water (1985)

This work describes the determination of CBF in eight normal human subjects with positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging using the continuous intravenous infusion of H2(15)O. A whole-brain CBF model is described that permits the comparison of the CBF values determined using PET with those obtained using other methods. This model includes a correction for whole-brain recovery coefficient, a correction for the underestimation of flow due to the nonlinearity of the CBF model when considering tissue that includes both gray and white matter, the use of in vitro-determined brain-blood partition coefficients for gray and white matter, and a variation of the equilibrium model that permits the arterial concentration to vary. CBF values using this method compare well with values determined previously. Regional determinations using a brain overlay atlas are presented. Radiation dosimetry for the continuous infusion of H2(15)O is also included.
Lung deposition patterns of directly labelled salbutamol in normal subjects and in patients with reversible airflow obstruction. (1993)

BACKGROUND--Earlier studies of aerosol deposition in the lungs have relied on indirect labelling of Teflon spheres of a similar size distribution to the drug in question and have assumed similar aerodynamic properties. Using a modification of a new technique for directly labelling salbutamol, the deposition of salbutamol within the lungs of normal subjects and patients with asthma has been studied with the use of a metered dose inhaler (MDI) alone, an MDI with a spacer device, and a dry powder inhaler (DPI). METHOD--Salbutamol was directly labelled with technetium-99m and placed in an MDI or DPI. Ten normal subjects and 19 patients with asthma inhaled 200 micrograms of salbutamol by means of the MDI alone, the MDI with a spacer device attached, and by DPI on separate days. Deposition was assessed by a dual headed gamma camera after inhalation of the drug. RESULTS--The total mean (SD) percentage deposition of the drug in the normal subjects was 21.6% (8.9%) with the MDI alone, 20.9% (7.8%) with the MDI with spacer, and 12.4% (3.5%) with the DPI. For the patients, the mean percentage deposition was 18.2% (7.8%) with the MDI alone, 19.0% (8.9%) with the MDI and spacer, and 11.4% (5.0%) with the DPI. Bronchodilatation achieved by the patients was similar with all three techniques. Mean peripheral lung deposition was significantly greater with a spacer device than when the MDI was used alone in both normal subjects (49.4% (6.1%) v 44.1% (9.9%)) and patients (38.6% (11.1%) v 30.4% (9.4%)). CONCLUSIONS--The deposition of directly labelled salbutamol from an MDI is greater than previously estimated by indirect labelling techniques. The deposition of labelled salbutamol from a DPI, however, is little different from that measured by indirect techniques.
Ultrafast operation of V/sub th/-adjusted p/sup +/-n/sup +/ double-gate SOI MOSFET's (1994)

To optimize the V/sub th/ of double-gate SOI MOSFET's, we fabricated devices with p/sup +/ poly-Si for the front-gate electrode and n/sup +/ poly-Si for the back-gate electrode on 40-nm-thick direct-bonded SOI wafers. We obtained an experimental V/sub th/ of 0.17 V for nMOS and -0.24 V for pMOS devices. These double-gate devices have good short-channel characteristics, low parasitic resistances, and large drive currents. For gates 0.19 μm long, front-gate oxides 8.2 nm thick, and back-gate oxides 9.9 nm thick, we obtained ring oscillator delay times of 43 ps at 1 V and 27 ps at 2 V. To our knowledge, these values are the fastest reported for this gate length with suppressed short-channel effects.
Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics (2006)

Graphical Abstract In this study, the adsorbents with honeycomb structure that hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC/PEI) are successfully synthesized to separate acteoside (ACT). The as-prepared CMC/PEI-70000-4.5g shows excellent adsorption performance because of the existence of honeycomb structure and amino layer, and it shows the highest adsorption capacity of 125.67 mg g−1 and selectivity of 5.38.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 1-Cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylic Acid (1999)

l-Cyclopropyl-1.4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid was prepared in four reaction steps and tested for antibacterial activity.Quinolone antibiotics have become widely used therapeutics in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.As compared to earlier used quinolones, ciprofloxacin (2) has been found to be considerably more active against most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.'& O H '& O H F & .OH CH3 I
Salience of Representations and Analogies in Physics (2007)

This paper focuses on the dynamics as students reason using analogies. We describe analogical scaffolding, a model of cognitive processes by which students can use prior knowledge to learn new material, and apply this model to demonstrate its utility in describing the dynamics of student reasoning about EM waves in an interview. The present finegrained analysis confirms prior large‐scale findings, that representations play a key role in student use of analogy.
Electrochemical TEMPO-Catalyzed Multicomponent C(sp3)-H α-Carbamoylation of Free Cyclic Secondary Amines (2019)

We report here an original electrosynthetic method allowing the straightforward C(sp&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;)-H a-carbamoylation of free cyclic secondary amines. Based on a TEMPO-catalyzed indirect anodic oxidation and a multicomponent coupling, a wide variety of &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-acyl alpha-carboxamides have been obtained in remarkably mild and sustainable reaction conditions.
The Role of Empathy in Choosing Majors (2020)

In this research, the role empathy plays in women's choice of major is investigated with particular emphasis on engineering disciplines. We began by formulating a survey instrument that measured the level of empathy of the survey participant, the perceived level of empathy of various academic disciplines, the likelihood of majoring in a discipline, and the perception of empathy among the faculty and fellow students within their current major, along with demographic information. To measure the level of empathy of an individual, a modified form of the Empathizing/Systematizing Quotient (EQ-SQ) developed by Simon Baron-Cohen was used. The survey produced 517 valid responses. Of those responses, 46% were female. In addition, 257 were STEM majors with 231 of those being engineering majors. Of the engineering majors, 69 were female. Results from this survey indicate that 1) women are more empathetic than men, 2) students in engineering and other STEM majors are less empathetic than those in non-STEM majors, 3) engineering disciplines are perceived as less empathetic than other majors, and 4) empathy is negatively correlated with choosing engineering as a major.
Chronic intrahypothalamic rather than subcutaneous liraglutide treatment reduces body weight gain and stimulates the melanocortin receptor system (2017)

Chronic intrahypothalamic liraglutide administration resulted in a profound reduction in body weight and fat mass loss most likely mediated by the hypothalamic melanocortin system rather than by adipose tissue browning or improved thermogenesis.
Antibodies to Proteins from Yolk of Immunized Hens (1980)

Immunoglobulins IgY, extracted from yolks of hens immunized against several proteins and natural mixtures of proteins were examined by the Ouchterloney gel diffusion and Laurell immuno-electrophoresis techniques. The molecular weights of the proteins ranged from 8 x 10(6) to less than 2 x 10(4). The hens produced IgY antibodies readily when injected with the high molecular antigens > 150 000 but did not react as well to antigens of relatively low molecular weight < 30 000. Optimal precipitin reactions were obtained with low molecular antigens when the agarose gel contained 1.5 M NaCl. Salt concentration (0.15-1.5 M NaCl) has no effect on the precipitin reaction in gels on the systems of high molecular antigens and their IgY antibodies apart from a displacement of the precipitin line. From the relative positions of the precipitin lines to the wells containing the reactants it would appear that the IgY formed dimers when the concentration of NaCl is 1.6 M and remain as monomers in gels containing 0.15 M NaCl. An explanation of the salt effect is offered.
The inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis by mycophenolic acid (1969)

1. Mycophenolic acid, an antibiotic of some antiquity that more recently has been found to have marked activity against a range of tumours in mice and rats, strongly inhibits DNA synthesis in the L strain of fibroblasts in vitro. 2. The extent of the inhibition of DNA synthesis is markedly increased by preincubation of the cells with mycophenolic acid before the addition of [(14)C]thymidine. 3. The inhibition of DNA synthesis by mycophenolic acid in L cells in vitro is reversed by guanine in a non-competitive manner, but not by hypoxanthine, xanthine or adenine. 4. The reversal of inhibition by guanine can be suppressed by hypoxanthine, 6-mercaptopurine and adenine. 5. Mycophenolic acid does not inhibit the incorporation of [(14)C]thymidine into DNA in suspensions of Landschütz and Yoshida ascites cells in vitro. 6. Mycophenolic acid inhibits the conversion of [(14)C]hypoxanthine into cold-acid-soluble and -insoluble guanine nucleotides in Landschütz and Yoshida ascites cells and also in L cells in vitro. There is some increase in the radioactivity of the adenine fraction in the presence of the antibiotic. 7. Mycophenolic acid inhibits the conversion of [(14)C]hypoxanthine into xanthine and guanine fractions in a cell-free system from Landschütz cells capable of converting hypoxanthine into IMP, XMP and GMP. 8. Preparations of IMP dehydrogenase from Landschütz ascites cells, calf thymus and LS cells are strongly inhibited by mycophenolic acid. The inhibition showed mixed type kinetics with K(i) values of between 3.03x10(-8) and 4.5x10(-8)m. 9. Evidence was also obtained for a partial, possibly indirect, inhibition by mycophenolic acid of an early stage of biosynthesis of purine nucleotides as indicated by a decrease in the accumulation of formylglycine amide ribonucleotide induced by the antibiotic azaserine in suspensions of Landschütz and Yoshida ascites cells and L cells in vitro.
Effects of mixture composition on oxidation and reactivity of DME/NH3/air mixtures examined by a micro flow reactor with a controlled temperature profile (2021)

Effects of mixture composition and equivalence ratios on oxidation and reactivity of dimethyl ether (DME)/ammonia (NH3) mixtures are investigated based on weak flame responses observed in a micro flow reactor with a controlled temperature profile (MFR). For observations, the NH3 fractions in fuel blends are varied as 0–50%. Three equivalence ratios (ϕ = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.2) are examined. A combined chemical reaction model for DME/NH3 mixtures is developed and used to simulate oxidation of DME/NH3 mixtures in MFR. Under the stoichiometric conditions, the DME oxidation is promoted and the mixture reactivity is enhanced as the NH3 fractions in fuel blends increase from 0 to 15%. As the NH3 fractions further increase from 15 to 50%, CO oxidation is inhibited; the mixture reactivities are suppressed strongly. Chemical reaction analyses indicate that NOx produced by the NH3 oxidation converts less-reactive radicals into more-reactive radicals (HO2→OH and CH3→CH3O) through the NO–NO2 catalytic loop at the intermediate temperatures of 800–1000 K. However, with larger NH3 fractions in fuel blends, the OH radical consumption by NH3 increases, thereby inhibiting CO oxidation. Moreover, when the equivalence ratios are varied, mixture reactivity is more inhibited as equivalence ratios increase, although they change only slightly irrespective of the equivalence ratios in neat DME cases. With richer equivalence ratios, more OH radicals are consumed by DME, CH2O, NH3, and H2. Moreover, the CO oxidation is inhibited in the intermediate temperature zone when NH3 is blended because CO has lower priority for OH radical consumption among these species as a result of its high activation energy. Results of this study demonstrate the strong potential of NH3 to control reactivity of hydrocarbon mixtures over a wide range by changing the mixture composition and equivalence ratios.
Virtual reality, music, and pain: developing the premise for an interdisciplinary approach to pain management (2019)

Honzel, Emily; Murthi, Sarah; Brawn-Cinani, Barbara; Colloca, Giancarlo; Kier, Craig; Varshney, Amitabh; Colloca, Luana Author Information
Autism-associated mutation in Hevin/Sparcl1 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress through structural instability (2022)

Abstract Hevin is a secreted extracellular matrix protein that is encoded by SPARCL1 gene. Recent studies show that Hevin plays an important role in regulating synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Mutations in SPARCL1 gene increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the molecular basis of how mutations in SPARCL1 increase the risk of ASD has not been fully understood. In this study, we show that one of SPARCL1 mutations associated with ASD impairs normal Hevin secretion. We identified Hevin mutants lacking the EF-hand motif through analyzing ASD-related mice with vulnerable spliceosome functions. Hevin deletion mutants accumulate in the ER, leading to the activation of unfolded protein responses. We also found that a single amino acid substitution of Trp 647 with Arg in the EF-hand motif associated with a familial case of ASD causes a similar phenotype with the EF-hand deletion mutant. Importantly, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that this single amino acid substitution triggers exposure of hydrophobic amino acid to the surface, increasing the binding of Hevin with a molecular chaperon, BIP. Taken together, these data suggest that the integrity of EF-hand motif in Hevin is crucial for proper folding and ASD-related mutation impairs an export of Hevin from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Our data provide a novel mechanism linking a point mutation in SPARCL1 gene to the molecular and cellular characteristics involved in ASD.
Making aroha work. (2011)

Community organisation Whanua Marama has set up 'Connecting with Our Children Using the Five Languages of Aroha', or love, in Glenfield. Beach Haven parent, Tamiti Ihaka, talks of the benefits of attending this course. Photograph of him with his five-year-old twin daughters included in the article.
Hydrothermal Growth of zinc oxide nano-rods doped with manganese (2019)

ZnO nanostructures can be grown using a variety of techniques. Using a hydrothermal method, ZnO nanostructures can be produced easily on a large scale due to the low temperature involved. ZnO is a well-studied wide-band gap (3.37 eV) n-type semiconductor material with significant properties such as a large exciton binding energy (60 meV). In this project we have chosen the hydrothermal method to synthesize undoped and manganese doped zinc oxide nanorods at different growth temperatures of {60}^0C, {70}^0C, {80}^0C, and\\ {90}^0C respectively for 20h. We made a seed layer of ZnO on the Si substrate by annealing zinc acetate at {400}^0 C. The morphology of the nanorods was visualised by taking their side and top SEM images. Micro Raman Spectra shows the crystal orientation of the nanorods with respect to substrate and optical Raman-active modes of undoped and doped nanorods. Room-temperature micro-Photoluminescence spectra of nanorods shows the sharp near band emission at 383 nm and broadband defect emission in the visible range. From EPR spectroscopy we find out whether a significant amount of Mn was incorporated into nanorods. Our findings indicate that the presence of Mn in the growth medium results in improved morphology, even though at the lowest growth temperatures there is no clear incorporation of Mn into the nanorods. This implies that the presence of the Mn ions in the group medium is enough to increase the growth rates of ZnO, regardless of whether the ions are incorporated into the crystal or not.
Innate Immune Recognition in Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases of the Lung (2010)

Diseases of the respiratory tract are among the leading causes of death in the world population. Increasing evidence points to a key role of the innate immune system with its pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in both infectious and noninfectious lung diseases, which include pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lung injury, pneumoconioses, and asthma. PRRs are capable of sensing different microbes as well as endogenous molecules that are released after cell damage. This PRR engagement is the prerequisite for the initiation of immune responses to infections and tissue injuries which can be beneficial or detrimental to the host. PRRs include the Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors. The PRRs and their signaling pathways represent promising targets for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions in various lung diseases.
Alkaline Hydrolysis of Amide Bonds:  Effect of Bond Twist and Nitrogen Pyramidalization (2003)

We present an ab initio study of the alkaline hydrolysis reaction of planar and pyramidal amides. The aim is to investigate the effect of C−N bond twisting and nitrogen pyramidalization on the rate of hydrolysis. The transition states, intermediates, and products for the two steps of the reaction (hydroxide attack and breaking of the C−N bond) were characterized in the gas phase using the B3LYP density functional quantum mechanical method with the 6-31+G* basis set. The energetics were then refined using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The effect of the solvent was introduced by means of several methods: Poisson−Boltzmann (PB) and polarizable continuum model (PCM) calculations at the gas-phase geometries; both allow for charge relaxation in solution. We found that the transition state corresponding to the second step of the reaction (TS2), breaking of the C−N bond, is the transition state of highest energy in the gas phase and in solution. However, calculation with formamide as a model showed that the inclusion of an explicit water molecule significantly decreases the TS2 barrier. The ΔΔGTS2 between the twisted and planar species is about 15 kcal/mol in solution, favoring the hydrolysis of the former. Our estimation for the value of the ΔΔGTS1 for the first step of the reaction, hydroxide addition, ranges between 7 and 9.7 kcal/mol. There are also significant differences between the planar and twisted forms in the thermodynamics of the reaction. In solution, the hydrolysis of the twisted amide is exothermic by −6.8 kcal/mol, whereas the hydrolysis of the planar amide is highly endothermic, 16 kcal/mol. Thus, twisting of the amide bond and nitrogen pyramidalization is found to be an effective way of accelerating the otherwise slow hydrolysis of planar amides. As much as 14.7 kcal/mol of acceleration could be expected if the rate-limiting transition state is the breaking of the C−N bond from the tetrahedral intermediate, and 7.0−9.7 kcal/mol could be expected if the rate-limiting step is hydroxide attack. The fact that experimental studies have demonstrated a rate enhancement of about 10 kcal/mol suggests that the latter step is rate-limiting in alkaline solution.
Premenstrual syndrome and atopy: a double-blind clinical evaluation of treatment with a gamma-globulin/histamine complex. (1980)

The relationship between atopy and premenstrual syndrome was studied in 138 women, aged between 20 and 39-years' old, who had suffered from symptoms for at least 6 months. The results showed that there was a high incidence of a personal or familial history of allergy, immediate positive skin test reactions to conventional allergens, eosinophilia, low titre of histamine latex test and high levels of IgE in the premenstrual syndrome patients compared with the normal controls. A preliminary study in 40 patients showed that a course of treatment using a gamma-globulin/histamine complex by subcutaneous injection produced a satisfactory response in 70%. A follow-on double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out using the same drug in 42 out of 86 women. Very effective or effective symptomatic relief was significantly higher in the group receiving active treatment. The best results were obtained in patients who had high IgE levels.
Actions of GABAergic ligands on brisk ganglion cells in the cat retina (1992)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian retina. We tested the actions of iontophoretically applied GABAergic ligands on the spontaneous and stimulus-evoked activity of retinal ganglion cells recorded extracellularly in the in vivo cat eye. GABA as well as GABAA receptor agonists inhibited all brisk ganglion cell types. This action was antagonized by bicuculline. Bicuculline on its own increased the activity of ON-ganglion cells but suppressed OFF-ganglion cells. This suppression effect was abolished during the blockade of glycinergic transmission by strychnine. The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen inhibited OFF-ganglion cells whereas the activity of ON-ganglion cells was either increased or decreased depending on the stimulus contrast. The antagonists, phaclofen and 2-hydroxy saclofen, produced opposite effects to baclofen and antagonized its action. The present study demonstrates that both GABAA and GABAB receptors modulate the activity of ON- and OFF-ganglion cells in the cat retina.
Study of the characteristics of battery packs in electric vehicles with parallel-connected lithium-ion battery cells (2014)

This paper studies the characteristics of battery packs with parallel-connected lithium-ion battery cells. To investigate the influence of cell inconsistency problem in parallel-connected cells, a group of different degraded lithium-ion battery cells were selected to build various battery packs and test them using a battery test bench. The physical model was developed to simulate the operation of the parallel-connected packs. The experimental results and simulation indicate that with different degraded cells in parallel, there could be capacity loss and large difference in discharge current, which may cause further accelerated degradation and more serious inconsistency problem.
Some Precision Circuit Techniques Used in Wave-Form Generation and Time Measurement (1946)

This paper contains a survey of the characteristics and uses of non-linear circuit elements in the generation of wave forms particularly useful in precision timing circuits. The use of these non-linear circuit elements in detection and time measurement is also included.
Room temperature lasing in injection microdisks with InGaAsN/GaAs quantum well active region (2018)

&lt;p&gt;Injection microdisk lasers based on three InGaAsN/GaAs quantum wells with different diameters of the resonator were fabricated and studied. Room temperature lasing at 1.2 μm is demonstrated for the first time. Dependence of the threshold current on the diameter is discussed.&lt;/p&gt;