gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Shea Nut Shells by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2004)

Determining the chemical structure and composition of biomass fuels using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can provide fundamental knowledge of their structures that is useful in understanding and predicting their combustion behavior. Shea nut shells are an example of an agricultural residue (byproduct of food and feed production) of potential interest for biomass combustion. The XPS spectra of shea nut shells provide both its elemental composition and indications of its bonding. Traditional fuel analyses of this fuel are also provided. These include: ultimate analysis — the elemental composition of the overall fuel (C, H, N, S, and O); chlorine analysis — reported here as part of the ultimate analysis but formally a separate procedure; proximate analysis — the proximate composition of the fuel (moisture, fixed carbon, volatiles, and ash); heating value — the specific heat of combustion; ash chemistry analysis — an elemental analysis of the ash content, expressed as oxides (which does not imply that they occur as oxides in the fuel). These data are summarized with the XPS spectra.
Evolutionary engineering of a β-Lactamase activity on a D-Ala D-Ala transpeptidase fold (2003)

The beta-Lactamase hydrolytic activity has arisen several times from DD-transpeptidases. We have been able to replicate the evolutionary process of beta-Lactamase activity emergence on a PBP2X DD-transpeptidase. Some of the most interesting changes, like modifying the catalytic properties of an enzyme, may require several mutations in concert; therefore it is essential to explore efficiently sequence space by generating the right diversity. We designed a biased combinatorial library in which biochemical and structural information were incorporated by site directed mutagenesis on relevant residues and then subjected to random mutagenesis to allow for mutations in unforeseen positions. We isolated mutants from this library conferring 10-fold higher cefotaxime resistance levels than the background wild-type through mutations exclusively in the coding sequence. We demonstrate that only three substitutions in the DD-transpeptidase active site, two produced by the directed and one by the random mutagenesis, are sufficient to acquire this activity. The purified product of one mutant (MutE) had a 10(5)-fold increase in cefotaxime deacylation rate allowing it to hydrolyze beta-Lactams yet it has apparently conserved DD-peptidase activity. This work is the first to show a possible evolutionary intermediate between a beta-Lactamase and a DD-transpeptidase necessary for the development of antibiotic resistance.
Allylic Amines as Key Building Blocks in the Synthesis of (E)-Alkene Peptide Isosteres (2012)

Nucleophilic imine additions with vinyl organometallics have developed into efficient, high yielding, and robust methodologies to generate structurally diverse allylic amines. We have used the hydrozirconation-transmetalation-imine addition protocol in the synthesis of allylic amine intermediates for peptide bond isosteres, phosphatase inhibitors, and mitochondria-targeted peptide mimetics. The gramicidin S-derived XJB-5-131 and JP4-039 and their analogs have been prepared on up to 160 g scale for preclinical studies. These (E)-alkene peptide isosteres adopt type II' β-turn secondary structures and display impressive biological properties, including selective reactions with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevention of apoptosis.
Seasonal variation in the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection: a possible cause of the seasonal occurrence of peptic ulcer disease. (1994)

The frequency of H. pylori infection in dyspeptic patients in Israel is significantly increased during the winter months and decreased in the summer. This seasonal variation is identical to that found in duodenal ulcer disease. Thus, the seasonal variation of peptic ulcer disease could be explained by H. pylori infection, as seen in other communicable infectious diseases.
Anodizing (2018)

Abstract Anodizing produces a uniform, continuous, highly ordered network of individual cells comprising a layer whose thickness and cell dimensions, and ultimately engineering properties, depend on the electrochemical parameters of the anodizing process. This article discusses the nucleation and growth of anodic aluminum oxide and the important characteristics of the finished porous anodic aluminum oxide. In industry, anodic oxides and the anodizing processes have been categorized into types that exhibit specific properties to suit specific applications. The article reviews the two most basic types of oxides, namely, barrier-layer anodic oxides and porous anodic oxides. It concludes with a description of postanodizing processes, such as dyeing and sealing.
Adaptive Algorithms to Mitigate Inefficiency in Reliability Differentiation Mechanisms for Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

This short paper presents practical algorithms for mitigating inefficiency in reliability differentiation service based on geographical stateless routing, which has great potential applications in large scale wireless sensor networks (WSN). Based on available algorithm, the paper presents a mathematical formalization to systematic understanding the multipath redundancy problem of WSN. With the information beyond one hop and the load balancing mechanism, the data retransmission and reliability differentiation reassignments are reduced. The illustration and simulation demonstrate the proposed algorithmspsila effectiveness and the capability to provide reliability differentiation service.
Neurotripanosomiasis americana: aspectos clínicos de un problema básico. (2003)

Trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent of Chagas disease, affects not only cardiac and intestinal structures but also neurological structures. A high prevalence of T. cruzi infection occurs in Colombia, prompting the present study. First, a qualitative metaanalysis was undertaken using the PubMed database, the electronic internet engine Altavista, Colombian journals indexed by Colciencias, and three relevant textbooks. The following key words were used: Trypanosoma, Chagas disease, nervous system, spinal cord, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, neuromuscular junction, autonomic nervous system, muscle, muscle disorders, neuromuscular disease, neuromuscular disorders, synapticopathies and dysautonomia. The documents analyzed numbered 116 and included original papers, reviews, case reports, editorials, brief communications, conferences and book chapters. At minimum, each document included data involving ELISA testing, indirect immunofluorescense, or parasitemia levels in the clinical, serological or histopathological studies. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies were not included because of the recent introduction of PCR as a confirmatory technique for Chagas disease in Colombia. Chagas disease affects the central, the peripheral and the autonomic nervous system in humans, although its effects on the antonomic system is most commonly investigated in Colombia. Neurological lesions must be evaluated carefully, because patients may be misdiagnosed and treated as carriers of 'idiopathic' diseases. Neurological pathologies poses a serious threat in Colombia due to the prevalence of Chagas disease.
Filtered Metals Control in Stormwater Using Engineered Media (2011)

To address water quality concerns and numeric effluent limits, the designers of bioinfiltration/bioretention systems will need to integrate water and soil chemistry into the selection of filtration media mixtures. For the "dissolved" metals, designers will need to consider the ratio of valence states of the metals as they consider the proportion of ion exchange resins versus organic-based media in the final media mixture. As the correlations between pollutant capacity and soil/media chemistry showed, metals' capacity is directly related to organic matter content and the effective cation exchange capacity of the soil. Available stormwater treatment organic media provides a wide range of treatment sites, but possibly smaller numbers of each site type, compared to ion exchange resins such as zeolites. An activated organic media, such as granular activated carbon (GAC), will have an increased number of surface active sites potentially available for treatment, but this media may not sustain plant growth and may not be desired as a component of bioretention media. Other trade-offs also have to be considered in a complete analysis of a potential media component, such as the trade-off between organic content for plant growth versus nutrient leaching. Finally, there is a lower limit to treatment, after which no further pollutant removal occurs, especially given the contact time requirements based on draindown times required for many bioretention devices. Slightly improved removals for many metals may be achieved with much longer contact times, but the substantial increase in surface area devoted to bioinfiltration may not be cost-effective (given the draindown time requirements). This paper uses "dissolved" copper as an example of how to use both soil and water chemistry to design an optimal bioretention media from a subset of potential mixture components.
Radiomics in cancer diagnosis, cancer staging, and prediction of response to treatment (2016)

In the same way that genomics describes the characterization of tumor phenotype using a wide and diverse array of genetic alterations (copy number, gene expression, methylation etc.), the term ‘radiomics’ refers to the characterization of tumor phenotypes based on a diverse array of image-derived, quantitative measurements (shape, morphology, intensity histogram, texture etc.). The image analysis tools used in radiomics build on those developed over the past decades for tasks such as computer-aided diagnosis of lung nodules and breast lesions. In radiomics these tools are applied to very large patient datasets to extract a multitude of image features, and statistical approaches are then used to analyze the data. Aside from mining aspects about tumor shape and size, more recent radiomics approaches aim to characterize the distribution of gray level intensities in the tumor region in two or three dimensions, through histogram or ‘texture’ analysis. Radiomic studies can be used to understand relationships between imaging characteristics of tumors, such as heterogeneity, and their genetic characteristics, phenotype, or expected treatment outcome. As with genetic analysis providing a glimpse of the multiple clones of tumor cells that comprise a tumor, radiomic analysis of tumor subvolumes or habitats within the tumor volume serves as an imaging metric of the heterogeneity of tumors.
Bayesian Estimation Applied to Stochastic Localization with Constraints due to Interfaces and Boundaries (2013)

Purpose . We present a systematic Bayesian formulation of the stochastic localization/triangulation problem close to constraining interfaces. Methods . For this purpose, the terminology of Bayesian estimation is summarized suitably for applied researchers including the presentation of Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum A Posteriori (MAP), and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) estimation. Explicit estimators for triangulation are presented for the linear 2D parallel beam and the nonlinear 3D cone beam model. The priors in MAP and MMSE optionally incorporate (A) the hard constraints about the interface and (B) knowledge about the probability of the object with respect to the interface. All presented estimators are compared in several simulation studies for live acquisition scenarios with 10,000 samples each. Results . First, the presented application shows that MAP and MMSE perform considerably better, leading to lower Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) in the simulation studies compared to the ML approach by typically introducing a bias. Second, utilizing priors including (A) and (B) is very beneficial compared to just including (A). Third, typically MMSE leads to better results than MAP, by the cost of significantly higher computational effort. Conclusion . Depending on the specific application and prior knowledge, MAP and MMSE estimators strongly increase the estimation accuracy for localization close to interfaces.
Immunogenicity and Safety of a 3-Antigen Hepatitis B Vaccine vs a Single-Antigen Hepatitis B Vaccine (2021)

Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03408730; EU Clinical Trials Number: 2017-001820-22.
Abstract 17516: Use of an Infrared Probe Enhances Esophageal Temperature Monitoring during Left Atrial Radiofrequency Ablation (2012)

Introduction: Atrial-esophageal fistula is a rare but potentially fatal complication of esophageal heating during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Currently available esophageal temperatu...
Characterisation of novel human lung carcinoma cell lines selected for resistance to anti-neoplastic analogues of staurosporine (1997)

The staurosporine analogues CGP 41251, UCN-01 and Ro 31-8220 are specific inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC). CGP 41251 and UCN-01 exert anti-neoplastic activity against human tumours grown in rodents, and CGP 41251 reverses multidrug resistance. The hypothesis was tested that these agents can induce drug resistance and alter cellular levels of target kinases. Human-derived A549 lung carcinoma cells were exposed for 6 months to CGP 41251, UCN-01 or Ro 31-8220 at gradually increasing concentrations. Cells acquired resistance against these agents, 4.3-fold against CGP 41251 (A549/CGP cells), 4.0-fold against UCN-01 (A549/UCN cells) and 14-fold against Ro 31-8220 (A549/Ro cells). Cells were neither collaterally cross-resistant towards the PKC inhibitors nor resistant against the growth-inhibitory properties of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. However, cross-resistance was observed in A549/CGP cells against staurosporine (13-fold) and in A549/Ro cells against doxorubicin (26-fold). All 3 cell types expressed multidrug resistance-associated protein, and A549/Ro cells expressed P-glycoprotein, as adjudged by Western blot analysis. Phorbol ester-stimulated PKC activity in these cells was decreased by between 57% and 96% compared to wild-type A549 cells. Levels of the PKC isoenzymes alpha and theta in all 3 resistant cell types and of PKC-epsilon in A549/UCN cells were concomitantly reduced. Cells regained drug sensitivity after culture in the absence of drug for 6 (A549/Ro cells), 5 (A549/CGP cells) and 1 (A549/UCN cells) months. Our results suggest the following features of this type of anti-signalling drug: (i) they can induce drug resistance, (ii) they may be potentially useful in combination because of the lack of cross-resistance between them and (iii) they can down-regulate PKC, which may have pharmacological or toxicological consequences.
A proposed model for load carriage on sloped terrain. (2001)

Our model assumes that the total energy requirement (WT) is the sum of the cost of level walking (W(L)) plus the cost of vertical displacement (Wv) for the total mass (body plus load). For uphill work, Wv was calculated by multiplying the cost of vertical displacement by an efficiency factor. For downhill work, the cost of vertical displacement was modified by an exponential function of the slope angle. Values for level and negative slope walking with no load were compared with estimated values derived from two published studies to partially validate the negative model.
Boar seminal immunosuppressive fraction attenuates the leptin concentration and restores the thymus mass during pregnancy in mice (2004)

The immunosuppressive fraction (ISF) of boar seminal vesicle fluid was recently demonstrated to inhibit production of T helper (Th)1 cytokines and enhance production of Th2 cytokines. The present study shows the effect of the ISF on leptin concentrations in blood plasma and adipose tissue in mice during pregnancy. The ISF effect on thymus weight during pregnancy is also demonstrated. The leptin concentration in blood plasma and adipose tissue increased and remained high in the latter half of pregnancy. ISF treatment at the beginning of pregnancy significantly lowered the leptin concentration both in blood plasma and adipose tissue of pregnant mice. Thymus involution has been described previously in pregnant mice. ISF treatment compensated for the loss of thymus mass during the whole pregnancy in the ISF-treated mice. The treatment of pregnant mice with ISF did not affect pregnancy and litter size.
Genetic Stability of Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type I despite Antiviral Pressures by CTLs (2007)

Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is an inflammatory neurological disease. Patients with HAM/TSP show high proviral load despite increased HTLV-I Tax-specific CTL. It is still unknown whether the CTL efficiently eliminate the virus in vivo and/or whether a naturally occurring variant virus becomes predominant by escaping from the CTL. To address these issues, we sequenced a large number of HTLV-I tax genes from HLA-A*02 HAM/TSP patients and estimated synonymous and nonsynonymous changes of the genes to detect positive selection pressure on the virus. We found the pressures in three of six CTL epitopes in HTLV-I Tax, where amino acid substitutions preferentially occurred. Although some of variant viruses were not recognized by the CTL, no variant viruses accumulated within 3-8 years, indicating genetic stability of HTLV-I tax gene. These results suggest that CTL eliminate the infected cells in vivo and naturally occurring variant viruses do not predominate. As Tax is a regulatory protein which controls viral replication, the amino acid substitutions in Tax may reduce viral fitness for replication. Viral fitness and host immune response may contribute to the viral evolution within the infected individuals. Furthermore, the genetic stability in the epitopes despite the antiviral pressures suggests that the three epitopes can be the candidate targets for HTLV-I vaccine development.
Supplemental Tables 1 - 2, Figures 1 - 3 from Tumoricidal Effects of Macrophage-Activating Immunotherapy in a Murine Model of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Cox proportional hazards results for overall survival. Supplementary Table S2. Cox proportional hazards results for progression-free survival. Supplementary Figure S1. alphaCD40+TLR-activated macrophages induce myeloma cell demise through apoptosis ex vivo. Supplementary Figure S2. Levels of inflammatory cytokines IL1Beta and IL6 in the serum of myeloma-bearing animals following alphaCD40+CpG treatment. Supplementary Figure S3. Vk12598 myeloma cells express low-detectable amounts of surface CD40.&lt;/p&gt;
A communication aid and computer input system using only the human eye (2010)

Abstract A communication aid using only the human eye is proposed. A set of candidate characters is displayed on a relatively small computer screen and a light head‐mounted display (HMD) that is attached to glasses worn by the user. When the user looks at a candidate character with the left eye, an image of the right eye is taken with a small and light web camera that also is mounted on the glasses. The proposed system can select one character out of 81 characters, with two layers of 9 by 9 character candidate screen images. There is also another selection image including control keys and frequently used sentences. By using image matching between a previously acquired template image for each candidate character and the currently acquired image, the proposed system can determine which of the candidate characters has been selected. By the combined use of blinking and fixed gaze, the proposed system can determine the user‐selected key among the candidates. The blink detection method employs a morphologic filter to avoid erroneous pupil detection due to eyebrows and shadows. Thus the user can input sentences. The user can also edit the sentences, which are then read by a text‐to‐speech (TTS) software tool. Thus the system helps handicapped and disabled persons without voice to communicate with others, because the only function required for conversation is the human eye. In addition, the proposed system can be used as an input system for wearable computing systems. Test results obtained with 6 nondisabled persons showed that the proposed system worked at an acceptable speed of about 1.5 second per character. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(12): 1–9, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10317
HDPE Geomembrane Stress Cracking: From There to Here to Where? (2016)

Stress cracking (SC) in high density polyethylene (HDPE) has been a problem, an interesting research topic, and an agent for improved geomembrane performance. The Geosynthetic Research Institute and Professor Robert Koerner have been front and center in this effort over the years since about 1984. In this paper we take a look back and a look forward at this still developing story. The internationally accepted GRI.GM13 standard for HDPE geomembranes specified SCR (SC resistance) from 200 hr to 300 hr, recently increased to 500 hr in the ASTM D5397 standard test procedure. And some geomembranes have SCRs exceeding 2000 hr. However, we have not seen an end to SC yet, and we may even see in increase in SC events as older HDPE geomembranes reach the ends of their natural service lives, oxidize, and crack. But there are excellent new high performance, premium, high temperature, and hot liquid rated HDPEs, some using quite different resins, to take their place. And as SCRs increase conformance testing times increase which engenders further research into accelerated methods to generate stress cracking resistances rapidly. One of these methods is to assess SCR from the post-yield strain-hardening segment of a uniaxial tensile stress/strain curve; a test that can be done very quickly.
Books (1985)

Journal Article Books Get access The Britten Companion Edited by Christopher PalmerNew York: Cambridge University Press, 1984 485 pages, $34.50 (cloth), $11.95 (paper) William Huck William Huck Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Opera Quarterly, Volume 3, Issue 1, Spring 1985, Pages 125–127, https://doi.org/10.1093/oq/3.1.125 Published: 01 March 1985
MS/MS profiling of taxoids from the needles of Taxus wallichiana (2002)

Ammonium cationisation has been used for taxoid profiling of partially purified methanolic extracts of needles of Taxus wallichiana growing in different regions of the Himalayas (Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, UP Hills, Darjeeling, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh) by electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The MS/MS spectra of the [M + NH4]+ or [M + H]+ ions gave structurally diagnostic fragment ions which revealed information about the taxane skeleton as well as the number and nature of the substituents. The rearranged 11(15-->1)-abeo-taxanes showed a characteristic elimination of the hydroxyisopropyl group with an acetoxy/benzoyloxy group from C-9. The identification of the taxoids was achieved by comparison of the MS/MS spectra with those of authentic taxoids or was based on biogenetic grounds. The results were corroborated by liquid chromatography-MS analysis. Out of the 50 taxoids identified, 21 belonged to the rearranged class. The presence of paclitaxel in the samples from four regions was confirmed: the study also revealed the occurrence of several basic taxoids in these samples. MS/MS profiling by electrospray ionisation was shown to be a fast and reliable technique for the analysis of taxoid samples.