gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histone 2A, a heteromorphous family of eight protein species (1980)

The histone 2A faily of proteins is shown to consist of eight protein species. In addition to the previously described mammalian 2A variants H2A.1 and H2A.2, we describe two variants which are separable from each other and from variants 1 and 2 on both sodium dodecyl sulfate and acetic acid-urea gels. These two proteins H2A.X and H2A.Z are termed heteromorphous variants to distinguish them from the predominating form and its homeomorphous variants which require nonionic detergents for their resolution. The two heteromorphous variants are present in nucleosomal core particles isolated from mouse L1210 cells. In addition, these variants are found in normal mouse tissues, human HeLa cells, and chicken erythrocytes. On sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, one variant, H2A.X, has an apparent molecular weight approximately 1000 larger than H2A.1 and comprises approximately 11% of the total 2A in mouse L1210 cells. The second variant, H2A.Z, has an apparent molecular weight approximately 600 smaller than H2A.1 and comprises approximately 4% of the total 2A in mouse L1210 cells. The two heteromorphous variants have the same arginine/lysine ratio as H2A.1. In addition, a fraction of each of the four variants (approximately 11% in L1210 cells) is combined with ubiquitin. The molar sum of these eight H2A species approximately equals the number of moles of H4, H2B, or H3 in chromatin.
An Area and Power Efficient FFT Processor for UWB Systems (2007)

This paper presents a novel 128-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processor for practical Ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The pipeline FFT processor based on the proposed non-Cooley-Tukey radix-8 unit can provide high throughput rate and has low hardware complexity. The radix-8 unit's hardware cost can save up to 20% compared with Radix-2 Single path Delay Feedback (R2SDF) architecture. Furthermore, both the input and output are in nature order. A 128-point FFT processor has been designed and implemented with SMIC 0.18 mum CMOS process based on the proposed architecture. The throughput rate of proposed FFT processor is up to 409.6 Msample/s, which can meet the specification of UWB systems.
LOCAL SKEW CORRECTION IN DOCUMENTS (2008)

In this paper we propose a technique for detecting and correcting the skew of text areas in a document. The documents we work with may contain several areas of text with different skew angles. First, a text localization procedure is applied based on connected components analysis. Specifically, the connected components of the document are extracted and filtered according to their size and geometric characteristics. Next, the candidate characters are grouped using a nearest neighbor approach to form words and then based on these words text lines of any skew are constructed. Then, the top-line and baseline for each text line are estimated using linear regression. Text lines in near locations, having similar skew angles, are grown to form text areas. For each text area a local skew angle is estimated and then these text areas are skew corrected independently to horizontal or vertical orientation. The technique has been extensively tested on a variety of document images and its accuracy and robustness is compared with other existing techniques.
A Combination Chemotherapy Protocol with Dose Intensification and Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant (VELCAP-HDC) for Canine Lymphoma (2006)

Twenty-eight dogs with lymphoma were treated with a 12-week, 5-drug chemotherapy protocol concluding with high-dose cyclophosphamide supported by autologous bone marrow transplants. A dose escalation design was used to determine the maximum tolerated cyclophosphamide dose (MTD) in this setting. Three cyclophosphamide dose levels were given: 300 mg/ m2 IV (groupl, 3 dogs), 400 mg/m2 IV (group 2, 12 dogs), and 500 mg/m2 IV (group 3, 13 dogs); and the MTD was 500 mg/m2 IV. Toxicity was common but mild, and the dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression, specifically neutropenia. No dog died as a result of treatment-related toxicity. One dog in group 3 developed fever, neutropenia, and presumed sepsis and responded promptly to routine management. No other dog required hospitalization. Lower stage and higher cyclophosphamide dose (both increasing dose [study groups 1-3], and the highest dose [group 3]) compared with the lower doses combined (groups 1 and 2) were significantly associated with longer remission duration (all P < .0001). Median remission duration for dogs in group 3 was 54 weeks, compared with 21 weeks for dogs in groups 1 and 2 combined. Factors associated with longer survival time were lower stage (P = .042) and higher cyclophosphamide dose (both increasing dose [study groups 1-3], and the highest dose [group 3] compared with the lower doses combined [groups 1 and 2]) (P = .027). Median survival time for dogs in group 3 was 139 weeks, compared with 43 weeks and 68 weeks for dogs in groups 1 and 2, respectively.
Paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons projecting to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) contain both oxytocin and glutamate (2009)

The PVN is crucial to the CNS regulation of sympathetic outflow. Glutamate is the prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS, including the PVN. Oxytocin (OT) is specifically produced by PVN and supraoptic nucleus neurons, and microinjection of OT into the RVLM induces a pressor response. The current study is aimed at determining whether glutamate PVN neurons projecting to the RVLM contain OT as a co‐transmitter. Real time RT‐PCR analyses of PVN tissues from 4‐6 week‐old Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats revealed the presence of OT and phosphate‐activated glutaminase (PAG; specific marker of glutamate neurons) mRNAs. Microinjection of AAV2‐PAG‐eGFP (200 nL; 1.2 x 10 12 gc/mL) bilaterally into PVN of 5 week‐old SD rats produced glutamate neuron‐specific expression of GFP within two weeks. Isolation and ex‐vivo culture of PVN cells from these rats produced GFP labeled neurons, and single‐cell PCR analysis of these revealed that 8 out of 13 (61.53%) were OT‐positive. To identify the phenotype of the GFP expressing glutamate neurons that project to RVLM, fluorescent retrobeads were microinjected bilaterally into the RVLM of SD rats that had received injections of AAV2‐PAG‐eGFP into the PVN. Immunocytochemistry indicated that GFP‐ and retrobead‐labeled PVN neurons contained immunoreactive OT. Thus we conclude that RVLM‐projecting PVN neurons contain both OT and glutamate as major excitatory neurotransmitters.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic and Antitumor Activity of Benzo[b]pyrano[3,2-h]acridin-7-one Analogues of Acronycine (2000)

Benzo¿băcronycine (6-methoxy-3,3,14-trimethyl-3, 14-dihydro-7H-benzo¿bpyrano¿3,2-hăcridin-7-one, 4), an acronycine analogue with an additional aromatic ring linearly fused on the natural alkaloid basic skeleton, was synthesized in three steps, starting from 3-amino-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (5). Eight 1, 2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrobenzo¿băcronycine esters and diesters (17-24) were obtained by catalytic osmic oxidation, followed by acylation. All these compounds were significantly more cytotoxic than acronycine, when tested against L1210 leukemia cells in vitro. The potency of the cyclic carbonate 24 was in the range of the most active drugs currently used in cancer chemotherapy. Two selected diesters (17 and 24) were evaluated in vivo against P388 leukemia and colon 38 adenocarcinoma implanted in mice. Both compounds were markedly active at doses 16-fold lower than the dose of acronycine itself. Against colon 38 adenocarcinoma, compounds 17 and 24 were highly efficient, inhibiting tumor growth by more than 80%. Diacetate 17 was the most active, inhibiting tumor growth by 96% at 6.25 mg/kg, with two of seven mice being tumor-free on day 43.
Impact of Target‐Mediated Elimination on the Dose and Regimen of Evolocumab, a Human Monoclonal Antibody Against Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) (2016)

Understanding the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) relationship of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody against proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) exhibiting target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) is critical for selecting optimal dosing regimens. We describe the PK/PD relationship of evolocumab using a mathematical model that captures evolocumab binding and removal of unbound PCSK9 as well as reduction in circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Data were pooled from 2 clinical studies: a single-dose escalation study in healthy subjects (7-420 mg SC; n = 44) and a multiple-dose escalation study in statin-treated hypercholesterolemic patients (14 mg weekly to 420 mg monthly [QM] SC; n = 57). A TMDD model described the time course of unbound evolocumab concentrations and removal of unbound PCSK9. The estimated linear clearance and volume of evolocumab were 0.256 L/day and 2.66 L, respectively, consistent with other monoclonal antibodies. The time course of LDL-C reduction was described by an indirect response model with the elimination rate of LDL-C being modulated by unbound PCSK9. The concentration of unbound PCSK9 associated with half-maximal inhibition (IC<sub>50</sub> ) of LDL-C elimination was 1.46 nM. Based on simulations, 140 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) and 420 mg QM were predicted to achieve a similar time-averaged effect of 69% reduction in LDL-C in patients on statin therapy, suggesting that an approximate 3-fold dose increase is required for a 2-fold extension in the dosing interval. Evolocumab dosing regimens of 140 mg Q2W or 420 mg QM were predicted to result in comparable reductions in LDL-C over a monthly period, consistent with results from recently completed phase 3 studies.
The Role of Immunoproteins in the Survival (1997)

The clearance of liposomes from the circulation is mediated largely by the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. These cells recognize liposome-bound immunoproteins, particularly immunoglobulins and complement. This review addresses the state of knowledge of the plasma proteins that can initiate complement activation and antibody binding and the known interactions among these proteins and liposomes. Evidence for the involvement of immunoproteins and other molecules in the in vivo survival of liposomes is also reviewed.
Overexpression of the class I homeodomain transcription factor TaHDZipI‐5 increases drought and frost tolerance in transgenic wheat (2017)

Characterization of the function of stress-related genes helps to understand the mechanisms of plant responses to environmental conditions. The findings of this work defined the role of the wheat TaHDZipI-5 gene, encoding a stress-responsive homeodomain-leucine zipper class I (HD-Zip I) transcription factor, during the development of plant tolerance to frost and drought. Strong induction of TaHDZipI-5 expression by low temperatures, and the elevated TaHDZipI-5 levels of expression in flowers and early developing grains in the absence of stress, suggests that TaHDZipI-5 is involved in the regulation of frost tolerance at flowering. The TaHDZipI-5 protein behaved as an activator in a yeast transactivation assay, and the TaHDZipI-5 activation domain was localized to its C-terminus. The TaHDZipI-5 protein homo- and hetero-dimerizes with related TaHDZipI-3, and differences between DNA interactions in both dimers were specified at 3D molecular levels. The constitutive overexpression of TaHDZipI-5 in bread wheat significantly enhanced frost and drought tolerance of transgenic wheat lines with the appearance of undesired phenotypic features, which included a reduced plant size and biomass, delayed flowering and a grain yield decrease. An attempt to improve the phenotype of transgenic wheat by the application of stress-inducible promoters with contrasting properties did not lead to the elimination of undesired phenotype, apparently due to strict spatial requirements for TaHDZipI-5 overexpression.
Generation and Control of Submillimeter Radiation with Locked DBR Diode Lasers (1996)

$^{a}$E. R. Brown, K. A. McIntosh, K. B. Nichols and C. L. Dennis, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 285 (1995). $^{b}$R. V. Pound, Rev, Sci. Instrum . 17, 490 (1946). $^{c}$R. W. P. Drever, J. I. Hall, F. V. Kowalski, J. Hough, G. M. Ford, A. J. Munley and E. Ward, Appl. Phys. B 31, 97 (1983).
Neurokinin B Receptor Antagonism in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2016)

The NK3 receptor antagonist AZD4901 specifically reduced LH pulse frequency and subsequently serum LH and T concentrations, thus presenting NK3 receptor antagonism as a potential approach to treating the central neuroendocrine pathophysiology of PCOS.
Performance of a load-immune classifier for robust identification of minor faults in induction motor stator winding (2014)

Reliable detection of induction motor stator winding insulation failure at its early stages is a challenging issue in modern industry. Insulation failure between small number of turns, involving less than 5% turns of phase winding are often indiscernible and detection becomes even more complicated when motor operates at varying load levels. In line-fed motors, supply voltage unbalance is another inadvertent issue which may tend to exhibit current signature similar to stator winding inter-turn insulation failure case. The proposed work presents a robust system, to identify severity of stator winding insulation faults when an induction motor with random wound stator winding works under such operating conditions. In the present work, various features obtained from time, frequency, timefrequency, and non-linear analysis of stator currents at various stator winding short circuit faults and supply voltage unbalance conditions for different load levels have been studied. A Support Vector Machine based Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithm is used to identify the features which can provide discrimination information related to severity of fault level, independent of supply voltage unbalance and immune to load level variations. Among the extracted features, features obtained through Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) are found to be most robust for this purpose. Finally a Support Vector Machine in Regression mode (SVR) has been formed to identify winding failures employing the optimum number of features selected through SVM-RFE technique.
Efficient estimation of inclusion coefficient using hyperloglog sketches (2018)

Efficiently estimating the inclusion coefficient - the fraction of values of one column that are contained in another column - is useful for tasks such as data profiling and foreign-key detection. We present a new estimator, BML, for inclusion coefficient based on Hyperloglog sketches that results in significantly lower error compared to the state-of-the art approach that uses Bottom-k sketches. We evaluate the error of the BML estimator using experiments on industry benchmarks such as TPC-H and TPC-DS, and several real-world databases. As an independent contribution, we show how Hyperloglog sketches can be maintained incrementally with data deletions using only a constant amount of additional memory.
A Model for Determining the Asperity Engagement Height in Relation to Web Traction Over Non-Vented Rollers (2002)

The traction developed between a thin flexible web, wrapped around a non-vented, rotating cylindrical roller is studied experimentally and theoretically. A series of eight webs representing a wide range of surface roughness characteristics are traction-tested against the same roller over a wide speed range. A mathematical model that couples air film pressure, web deflection, and asperity deformations is used to model the web/roller interface. An optimization technique is used to estimate the asperity compliance function parameters based on the experimental results and the mathematical model. A new model for determining the asperity engagement height, for surfaces with non-Gaussian peak height distribution, is proposed when the roughness of both surfaces is taken into account. Results are presented that indicate the viability and utility of the new methods.
Multiple intramolecular hydrogen bonds in 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-[N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-P,P-diphenylphosphorimidoyl]phenol (2011)

The title compound, C(38)H(48)NOP, isolated from the reaction of (2-diphenylphosphanyl-4,6-di-tert-butyl)phenol with 2,6-diisopropylphenyl azide at 273 K, can act as an N,O-bidentate ligand. Crystal structure analysis shows a deviation from ideal tetrahedral symmetry around the P atom. The molecule exists as a monomer in the solid state, whose conformation is stabilized via multiple intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Geometric parameters from both experimental and theoretical calculations are compared.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed γ‐Selective Arylation of Zincated Boc‐Allylamines. (2015)

Abstract In most cases separable traces of the Z‐isomer are also found as reaction products.
Systematic fault simulation in an analog circuit simulator (1979)

With the recent increase in both fault isolation and fault tolerant design, automated and systematic methods of analyzing fault situations and their impact on the operation of solid-state circuitry are becoming increasingly important. In this paper we will explore the philosophy and techniques behind the design of a system for simulating various catastrophic failures in integrated circuits which is being implemented in a commercially available nodal circuit simulator ISPICE. We address the issues of how certain failure conditions can be identified and simulated, how certain sets of such conditions can be identified and used to reduce the cost of such a simulation without impacting the results, and how well structured reports can reduce large volumes of data to easily interpreted results. Finally, we also explore some of the more elaborate analysis and reporting techniques we expect to include in future implementations of automated fault diagnosis software.
Hierarchical approaches to the hidden surface problem (2010)

A general method for performing hidden line/surface elimination in complex domains is presented. This method uses a preprocessed hierarchical organization of the environment features. Convex polyhedra are used as elements of this hierarchy. Each polyhedron forms a convex approximation of the environment features which it contains. This hierarchy is used to provide efficient algorithms for solving the intersection, sorting and clipping subproblems associated with the hidden line/surface problem. Methods for constructing and using this hierarchy are discussed. Recent results from computational geometry are applied to element construction and intersection processing.
The Hair Follicle: Structure and Function (2005)

The hair follicle is a unique structure, characteristic of mammals. It is also a fascinating organ, since it encompasses most of the rules which control body homeostasis, as well as cell and tissue integration into an organized, autonomous and self-renewing biological entity. Indeed, as will be seen later on, hair follicle-like skin-is composed of epithelial and dermal compartments, which interact with each other from the very beginning of its morphogenesis, as early as the third month of human embryogenesis, and throughout life. In the adult scalp, each of the 150,000 (estimated) follicles undergoes, on its own, a cyclical process of degradation and renewal which partly repeats the sequence of events which takes place during its formation during fetal life. Another fascinating feature of the hair follicle is its high degree of autonomy with respect to its dermal environment, since it is apparently able to drive its own androgen metabolism, its own inﬂammatory response, and maintain both structure and function, namely hair ﬁbre production, when dissected out and kept under in vitro culture conditions.
Spatial Light Modulation using a Thin Ferroelectric Interferometer (1999)

Thin ferroelectric interferometers (TFI*s) have recently been successfully demonstrated as spatial light modulators (SLM’s).1 The fundamental structure of the TFI consists of ferroelectric layer sandwiched between two transparent conductors and highly reflecting mirrors. Figure 1 illustrates a schematic representation of the TFI using thin film technology.
Chronic Malaria Revealed by a New Fluorescence Pattern on the Antinuclear Autoantibodies Test (2014)

In patients with malaria in whom parasitological tests have not been performed recognition of this new, malaria-related fluorescence pattern on the ANA test is highly suggestive of the diagnosis and triggers immediate, easy confirmation and adapted therapy.
A rateless code for dynamic decode-and-forward relaying in wireless relay networks (2013)

In this paper, we propose a novel rateless coding scheme for dynamic decode-and-forward (DDF) relaying in wireless relay networks. The proposed rateless code is developed to overcome the high error floor problem caused by the Luby Transform (LT) code-based encoding scheme in Raptor codes. The improvement is achieved by providing each symbol with approximately equal protection in the belief propagation (BP) decoding, and by designing a special full rank parity-check matrix in the encoding process. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme considerably outperforms the existing rateless coding scheme in wireless relay networks with DDF relaying protocols.
[(3-Dimethylamino)propyl]dimethylaluminum: A Convenient Reagent for Methylation and Ethynylation of Carbonyl Compounds (1996)

At 60-80°C the title compound methylates a variety of mono- and diketones. Aromatic aldehydes undergo simple methylation by the reagent only after initial treatment with an equivalent amount of AlCl3. Upon reaction of Me2Al(CH2)3NMe2 with terminal acetylenes the aluminum complex is converted into a carbonyl-alkynylation reagent.
Antispasmodics Derived from Hydroxyflavones (1965)

\(\beta\)-Diethylaminoacetoxy, \(\beta\)-amineothoxy, and \(\beta\)-diethylaminoethery derivatives have been prepared from hydroxyflavones. Some of them have been tested for their antispasmodic and antihistamine properties and found to pope activities comparable to standard compounds now used in practice.
Nuclear Radiation Induced Noise in Infrared Detectors (1975)

A model for calculating the rate and amplitude of gamma ionization events in infrared detectors is presented. Several simplifying approximations to the actual, complex physical situation are applied in the model, thereby allowing an exact analytical formulation of the problem. Experimental measurements of nuclear-radiation induced noise pulse-height distributions and event rates are compared to predictions made using the model. Comparisons of experiment and theory were made at several different gamma energies to provide confirmation of the model over the gamma energy range of interest of most application. The experimentally-confirmed model allows prediction of the noise response of photoconduction detectors for any specified detector material, geometry, surrounding material and incident gamma spectrum.
Festkörperchemie 1932 (1993)

Abstract Neue präparative Wege zur Synthese von Festkörpern, schichtartig aufgebaute Verbindungen sowie methodische Weiterentwicklungen bei der Strukturuntersuchung sind neben vielen interessanten Neuigkeiten drei Schwerpunkte in der Festkörperchemie im Jahr 1992.