gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frame dropping: A QoS mechanism for multimedia communications in WiFi hot spots (2005)

In recent years the idea of access network has changed radically, and the diffusion of wireless technologies, and especially IEEE 802.11 compliant devices, has made wireless connections increasing popular. Despite the great success of the IEEE 802.11 standard, several problems concerning security, power consumption and quality of service of wireless LANs remain partially unsolved. The QoS issue is especially relevant for multimedia communications, generally needing performance guarantees from the network infrastructure to fulfill application requirements. In this paper we analyze the behavior of the Frame Dropping (FD) mechanism, a QoS mechanism for multimedia communications using simulations, and compare it with that of another well assessed mechanism: Distributed Fair Scheduling (DFS). Simulation results show that, though DFS achieve a better channel utilization, FD behavior is comparable with that of DFS under all the main performance indices, and it exhibits effective traffic differentiation capabilities.
The Impact of Aortic/Subclavian Outflow Cannulation for Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Cardiac Support: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study (2009)

Approximately 100 000 cases of oxygen deficiency in the brain occur during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedures each year. In particular, perfusion of the carotid and vertebral arteries is affected. The position of the outflow cannula influences the blood flow to the cardiovascular system and thus end organ perfusion. Traditionally, the cannula returns blood into the ascending aorta. But some surgeons prefer cannulation to the right subclavian artery. A computational fluid dynamics study was initially undertaken for both approaches. The vessel model was created from real computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging data of young healthy patients. The simulations were run with usual CPB conditions. The flow distribution for different cannula positions in the aorta was studied, as well as the impact of the cannula tip distance to vertebral artery for the subclavian position. The study presents a fast method of analyzing the flow distribution in the cardiovascular system, and can be adapted for other applications such as ventricular assist device support. It revealed that two effects cause the loss of perfusion seen clinically: a vortex under the brachiocephalic trunk and low pressure regions near the cannula jet. The results suggest that cannulation to the subclavian artery is preferred if the cannula tip is sufficiently far away from the branch of the vertebral artery. For the aortic positions, however, the cannula should be injected from the left body side.
Lewis acid catalyzed cyclocondensations of functionalized dienes with aldehydes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLewis acid catalyzed cyclocondensations of functionalized dienes with aldehydesSamuel Danishefsky, James F. Kerwin Jr., and Susumu KobayashiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1, 358–360Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00365a095https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00365a095research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1506Altmetric-Citations182LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A therapeutic, highly purified factor XI concentrate from human plasma (1992)

A highly purified factor XI (FXI) concentrate was prepared from human plasma by a process comprising a filter adsorption step and chromatography on a cation exchange resin. The freeze-dried FXI, which solubilized quickly, had high specific activity (130-150 U/mg protein), high potency (approx. 100 U/mL), and excellent stability for at least 24 hours at room temperature in the liquid state. The overall recovery was about 220 U of FXI per liter of plasma. Minor protein contaminants (C1-inhibitor, fibronectin, IgG, and alpha-2-macroglobulin) were found to be between 0.13 and 0.46 mg per 1000 U of FXI. Fibrinogen and relevant coagulation factors (factors II, V, VII, IX, X, XII, XIII, and VIII/von Willebrand factor) were undetectable, as evidenced by immunologic and immunoelectrophoretic data. Components of the kinin system were present in trace amounts or were undetectable. No evidence of activated factors such as factors Xa and IXa was found. Proteolytic activity, as assessed by S-2288 chromogenic substrate, was negligible and thrombin was undetectable. A solvent-detergent treatment was included prior to chromatographic purification to enhance viral safety against lipid-enveloped viruses. In vitro and in vivo animal studies demonstrated the absence of thrombogenic, hypotensive, or toxic effects. No thrombogenic activity was found in the Wessler model in rabbits at doses of 900 to 1100 U of FXI per kg of body weight. This FXI preparation could be beneficial in substitution therapy of congenital or acquired FXI deficiency, especially as a way to avoid the use of fresh-frozen plasma.
Conformational changes of plasma fibronectin detected upon adsorption to solid substrates: a spin-label study (1989)

Changes in local environment of the free sulfhydryl groups in plasma fibronectin upon adsorption of the protein to polystyrene beads have been examined by electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-label spectroscopy. The two free sulfhydryl groups per subunit of plasma fibronectin were modified chemically with an [15N, 2H]maleimide spin-label. For soluble fibronectin, both free sulfhydryl groups are shown to be in confined environments as evidenced from the labeled protein exhibiting a strongly immobilized ESR spectrum as described previously using [14N, 1H]maleimide spin-labels [Lai, C.-S., & Tooney, N. M. (1984) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 228, 465-473]. When the labeled protein was adsorbed to the beads, half of the strongly immobilized component was found to convert into a weakly immobilized component, a result indicating that one of the two labeled sites becomes exposed and exhibit a fast tumbling motion. Experiments conducted using various spin-labeled fibronectin fragments suggest that the newly exposed labeled site is located between the DNA-binding and the cell-binding regions of the molecule. The data obtained indicate that, upon adsorption to polystyrene beads, plasma fibronectin undergoes a conformational change through which the buried free sulfhydryl group near the cell-binding region of the molecule is exposed. This observation may have important implications regarding the expression of cell adhesive properties of the fibronectin molecule.
Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model (2020)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases, affecting patients suffering from pain and physical limitations. Recent evidence indicates a potential inflammatory component of the disease, with both T-cells and monocytes/macrophages potentially associated with the pathogenesis of OA. Further studies postulated an important role for subsets of both inflammatory cell lineages, such as Th1, Th2, Th17, and T-regulatory lymphocytes, and M1, M2, and synovium-tissue-resident macrophages. However, the interaction between the local synovial and systemic inflammatory cellular response and the structural changes in the joint is unknown. To fully understand how T-cells and monocytes/macrophages contribute towards OA, it is important to be able to quantitively identify these cells and their subsets simultaneously in synovial tissue, secondary lymphatic organs and systemically (the spleen and bone marrow). Nowadays, the different inflammatory cell subsets can be identified by a combination of cell-surface markers making multi-color flow cytometry a powerful technique in investigating these cellular processes. In this protocol, we describe detailed steps regarding the harvest of synovial tissue and secondary lymphatic organs as well as generation of single cell suspensions. Furthermore, we present both an extracellular staining assay to identify monocytes/macrophages and their subsets as well as an extra- and intra-cellular staining assay to identify T-cells and their subsets within the murine spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and synovial tissue. Each step of this protocol was optimized and tested, resulting in a highly reproducible assay that can be utilized for other surgical and non-surgical OA mouse models.
Microarray-based analysis of recombinant protein production in E.coli (2006)

The production of heterologous proteins in E. coli is a\npowerful tool in the generation of many important biotechnological\nand medical products. Despite its widespread\nuse as an expression host, however, yields of\ncorrectly folded, functional protein are frequently low in\nE. coli. This is due largely to the formation of insoluble\nprotein aggregates and to premature lysis of the bacterial\ncells. We, and others, have previously shown that the cell\nlysis phenomenon associated with recombinant protein\nproduction in E. coli is not a direct result of synthesis of\nheterologous proteins [1], [2]. Instead, protein production\ntriggers a global stress response in the bacterium, but\nthe mechanism by which cell lysis subsequently occurs\nremains unclear [3].
Chiral DNA gyrase inhibitors. 2. Asymmetric synthesis and biological activity of the enantiomers of 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid (ofloxacin) (1987)

A short and efficient synthesis, starting with (R)- and (S)-alaninol, of the two optical antipodes of the quinolone antimicrobial agent ofloxacin has been devised. Testing in vitro of the products against a range of bacteria and in an assay system incorporating purified DNA gyrase from different bacterial species demonstrates that the S-(-) enantiomer is substantially the more active.
Rearrangements of heterocyclic compounds. IV. Base-promoted elimination reactions in the 2-aza-5-norbornene system. Stereospecific ring opening of 2-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-exo-3-(trichloromethyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene by lithium alkyls (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRearrangements of heterocyclic compounds. IV. Base-promoted elimination reactions in the 2-aza-5-norbornene system. Stereospecific ring opening of 2-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-exo-3-(trichloromethyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene by lithium alkylsJohn J. Eisch and Alfred F. NoelsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 8, 1461–1464Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00870a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00870a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Fusaripyrones, Novel Polypropionates from the Mediterranean Mollusc Haminoea fusari (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of ion bombardment on the chemical reactivity of gallium arsenide(100): variation of bombarding ion mass (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of ion bombardment on the chemical reactivity of gallium arsenide(100): variation of bombarding ion massJ. M. Epp, John G. Dillard, A. Siochi, R. Zallen, S. Sen, and L. C. BurtonCite this: Chem. Mater. 1990, 2, 2, 173–180Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00008a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Omental herniation through 5-mm trocor site after laparoscopic myomectomy (2011)

Port site herniation (PSH) is a rare complication after laparoscopic surgery, usually at 10-mm and larger port sites. According to the past reports, only a few cases of PSH through 5-mm trocar sites have been reported. Here we describe a case with omental herniation through 5-mm port site after laparoscopic myomectomy. The patient was 40 years old, having laparoscopic myomectomy for 11-cm subserosal myoma with a peritoneal drain left at the lateral 5-mm port site. She was found to have omental herniation through a laterally placed 5-mm port site four days after the operation. The omentum was returned to the abdominal cavity in the emergent surgery. PSH can occur even through the 5-mm port site, especially after the inserted trocar moved repetitively through abdominal wall and drain was placed at the identical port site.
Estimation of mass thickness response of embedded aggregated silica nanospheres from high angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron micrographs (2013)

In this study, we investigate the functional behaviour of the intensity in high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron micrograph images. The model material is a silica particle (20 nm) gel at 5 wt%. By assuming that the intensity response is monotonically increasing with increasing mass thickness of silica, an estimate of the functional form is calculated using a maximum likelihood approach. We conclude that a linear functional form of the intensity provides a fair estimate but that a power function is significantly better for estimating the amount of silica in the z-direction. The work adds to the development of quantifying material properties from electron micrographs, especially in the field of tomography methods and three-dimensional quantitative structural characterization from a scanning transmission electron micrograph. It also provides means for direct three-dimensional quantitative structural characterization from a scanning transmission electron micrograph.
Emissivity Spectra of Meteoritic Powders mixed with Liquid Formamide (CH3NO) at Different Temperatures (2013)

We set-up an experiment at the Planetary Emissivity Laboratory (PEL) to investigate a key aspect in the prebiotic chemistry of formamide: the surface reactivity of minerals used as catalysts. The interaction of formamide and the reaction products on mineral surface, as well as, the sequestration processes in the mineral pores, can facilitate the concentration of products allowing for possible polymerization. Three meteorites, NWA2828 (PEL ID 00000887), Al Haggounia (PEL ID 00000888), and Dhofar959 (PEL ID 00000889), were used in this experiment. All the samples were reduced in the grain size fraction < 125 µm and stored in a desiccator before measuring. Each sample was poured in one from a set of identical stainless steel cups, having 5 mm thick bottom, internal diameter 50 mm, rim thickness 2 mm, and 20 mm total height. Emissivity of the samples was measured by means of a Bruker Vertex 80V coupled to an emissivity chamber (equipped with a rotating carousel to measure several samples without breaking the vacuum), both evacuable to < 1 mbar. The dry samples were placed in the emissivity chamber, each of them having a temperature sensor in contact with the surface of the sample, reading the effective temperature of the emitting skin. The “dry” meteorites were measured in vacuum (0.8 mbar) at 70° C on the sample surface, successively liquid formamide was vaporized on the samples surface, the cup was immediately transferred in the emissivity chamber, and evacuated. Each sample was measured at 70°, 100°, 140°, and 200° C. Then each cup was cooled in vacuum and put back in the desiccator. For each sample after this thermal processing, a small amount of heated material was used to fill a cup for reflectance measurements. Since cold reflectance measurements cannot be compared with hot emissivity, those measurements have been taken to better understand the processes happening in the moisturized soil after heating. For all of the samples, when heating at 70°C we noticed in the emissivity spectra strong signatures attributable to liquid formamide. We interpret them as being originated from a column of hot vaporized formamide, lying above the sample surface. For all the samples this effect vanished already at 100°C, probably due to complete evaporation of liquid formamide that was deposited on the meteorite sample surfaces. However, all the spectra measured at 100° and 140° C show signs of the presence of formamide, that we infer from comparing them with the 70° C dry measurement of the same sample. For 2 samples out of 3, when heating at 200°C (and only there) a new feature appears at 7.08 µm. This band is very close to a similar band that liquid formamide has at 7.19 µm, and that was even present in all the spectra of wet meteorites taken at 70°C. We interpret this band shift as a possible sign of interaction of formamide with the catalyst (the meteorite powder): the CH bend responsible for that is probably strengthening.
An inhibitory role for caspase‐3 at the late stage of RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264 cells and mouse bone marrow macrophages (2014)

Osteoclast differentiation/activation is involved in orthodontic tooth movement at the compression sites of the alveolar bone. RANKL, a member of the TNF family expressed in osteoblasts, binds to RANK, a member of the TNF receptor family expressed on preosteoclasts, resulting in differentiation of preosteoclasts into mature osteoclasts. Several members of the TNF family, such as TNF and Fas ligand, can induce apoptosis by activation of caspase-3. We have investigated whether caspase-3 be involved in the late stage of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Increased active caspase-3 was found in mouse monocytic RAW264 cells differentiated into mature osteoclasts by treatment with RANKL for 3 days. Co-treatment with Z-Asp-CH₂-DCB, a caspase-3-specific inhibitor, augmented RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264 cells, also seen in mouse bone marrow macrophages. This suggests that activation of caspase-3 may play an inhibitory role at the late stage of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation.
Proximal tubule Na+-K+-ATPase activity is inhibited during high-salt diet: evidence for DA-mediated effect (1988)

Locally produced dopamine (DA) causes a reversible and dose-dependent inhibition in Na+-K+-ATPase activity in rat proximal tubule (PT) segments [A. Aperia, A. Bertorello, and I. Seri. Am. J. Physiol. 252 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 21): F32-F45, 1987.]. To examine whether this effect might be of physiological importance, rats were given normal-salt (NS) or high-salt (HS) diet for 10 days. HS diet significantly increased Na excretion but did not alter glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Benserazide (Bz), an inhibitor of the enzyme L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) that converts L-dopa to DA, significantly attenuated the natriuresis in HS rats but had no effect on GFR. By use of immunofluorescence (IF) studies AADC was localized to the PT. Specific AADC IF was not observed in the medulla. In AADC-positive PT segments, Na+-K+-ATPase activity was significantly lower in HS rats than in NS rats (P less than 0.001). In AADC-negative medullary thick ascending limb, Na+-K+-ATPase activity was the same in NS and HS rats. If HS rats were given Bz just before study, PT Na+-K+-ATPase activity increased significantly and was not different from Na+-K+-ATPase activity in PT segments from NS rats. Bz had no significant effect on PT Na+-K+-ATPase activity in NS rats. In PT segments from Bz-treated rats, DA inhibited Na+-K+-ATPase activity already at a dose of 10(-8) M, whereas in segments from NS rats, significant inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase activity was not observed until DA was increased to 10(-7) M.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Microwave scattering diagnostic on the Advanced Toroidal Facility torsatron (abstract)a) (1995)

A 2 mm scattering diagnostic used to study density fluctuations of the electron cyclotron resonance heated plasma in the Advanced Toroidal Facility is described. A four-channel flexible antenna design was chosen to monitor fluctuations within the wave number range of 3&amp;lt;k⊥&amp;lt;20 cm−1 and to locate the scattering volume anywhere in the stellarator minor cross section. Special attention was paid to the system calibration and to the normalization of the k spectra. Analysis of the diagnostic noise showed that the main source of spurious signal was a scattering from high-level edge turbulence driven by the second-harmonic radiation from the gyrotron used for plasma heating. This spurious signal was suppressed using waveguide filters and rearrangement of the microwave circuit elements. Evidence in support of direct scattering from a well-defined plasma volume was found. Good correlation of the scattered waves’ intensity with the density scale length was observed. Use of a dual-homodyne circuit configuration made is possible to determine that the plasma density fluctuations were propagating in the electron diamagnetic direction.