gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the low density lipoprotein-induced vascular smooth muscle cell growth by PPARgamma ligands (2002)

Low density lipoprotein has been shown to induce vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and, therefore, to directly contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors involved in various cellular processes, such as cell cycle regulation and carcinogenesis. PPARgamma, the best characterized of the PPARs, plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell proliferation, adipocyte differentiation, insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, development of atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis. In the present review we discuss recent findings showing that a new class of antidiabetic drugs, the PPARgamma ligands thiazolidinediones, might have potential antiatherosclerotic effects. (c) 2002 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
High-density flexible interconnect for two-dimensional ultrasound arrays (2000)

We present a method for fabricating flexible multilayer circuits for interconnection to 2-D array ultrasound transducers. In addition, we describe four 2-D arrays in which such flexible interconnect is implemented, including transthoracic arrays with 438 channels operating at up to 7 MHz and intracardiac catheter arrays with 70 channels operating at up to 7 MHz. We employ thin and thick film microfabrication techniques to batch produce the interconnect circuits with minimum dimensions of 12-mum lines, 40-mum vias, and 150-mum array pitch. The arrays show 50-Omega insertion loss of -60 to -84 dB and a fractional bandwidth of 27 to 67%. The arrays are used to obtain real time, in vivo volumetric scans.
Long circulating PEGylated poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticulate delivery of Docetaxel to solid tumors (2008)

DTX-loaded PEGylated NPs increased the drug's biological half-life while providing substantial accumulation at the solid tumors. PEGylated NPs appear to be a promising alternate carrier for DTX having greater efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth.
Myocardial Markers of Injury:Evolution and Insights (1996)

Knowledge of the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease has advanced in parallel with awareness of the significant limitations inherent in clinical assessment. Biochemical assays, long established as the most reliable means of detecting myocardial injury, have improved significantly. Creatine kinase MB, now optimally measured by the newer mass monoclonal antibody assays, and also measurement of the cardiac troponins objectively identify adverse prognosis. Cardiac troponin I appears to have significant advantages over other markers and may become the assay of choice. This is attributable to the confirmation of cardiospecificity claims regarding this marker. These assays permit increased appreciation of the continuous spectrum of ischemic myocardial injury, earlier diagnosis, refinement of the clinical assessment of risk, and evaluation of alternative treatment regimens. Reassessment of the incorporation of biochemical indicators for thrombolytic therapy can be anticipated. This paper integrates the clinical and biochemical literature in reviewing these concepts.
Recent advances in understanding metal dusting: A review (2010)

Abstract Recent experimental investigations have widened the understanding of metal dusting significantly. Microscopic observations have been used to dissect dusting mechanisms. Iron dusts by growing a cementite surface scale, which catalyses graphite nucleation and growth. The resulting volume expansion leads to cementite disintegration. Cementite formation on iron can be suppressed by alloying with germanium. Nonetheless, dusting occurs via the direct growth of graphite into the metal, producing nanoparticles of ferrite. This process is faster, because carbon diffusion is more rapid in α‐Fe than in Fe 3 C. Austenitic materials cannot form cementite, and dust via formation of graphite at external surfaces and interior grain boundaries. The coke deposit consists of carbon nanotubes with austenite particles at their tips, or graphite particles encapsulating austenite. TEM studies demonstrate the inward growth of graphite within the metal interior. It is therefore concluded that the dusting mechanism of austenitic materials like high alloy Cr–Ni steels and Ni base materials is one of graphite nucleation and growth within the near surface metal. In all alloys examined, both ferritic and austenitic, the principal mass transfer process is inward diffusion of carbon. Alloying iron with nickel leads to a transformation from one mechanism with carbide formation to the other without. Copper alloying in nickel and high nickel content stainless steels strongly suppresses graphite nucleation, as does also an intermetallic Ni–Sn phase, thereby reducing greatly the overall dusting rate. A surface layer of intermetallic Ni–Sn Fe‐base materials facilitates the formation of a Fe 3 SnC surface scale which also prevents coking and metal dusting. Current understanding of the roles of temperature, gas composition and surface oxides on dusting rates are summarised. Finally, protection against metal dusting by coatings is discussed in terms of their effects on catalysis of carbon deposition, and on protective oxide formation.
<title>First investigations on the use of the system theory in tissue optics</title> (2001)

The system theory was developed from the combination of the operational calculus of N. Wiener and the transfer theory of K. Kuepfmueller. The system theory is the basic for the optical transfer function. With the introduction of a so- called transfer (or system) function, the question arose how to apply this theory to problems in optical tissue diagnostics.
Adaptation and study protocol of the evidence-based Make Better Choices (MBC2) multiple diet and activity change intervention for a rural Appalachian population (2022)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04309461. The trial was registered on 6/3/2020.
Electron-phonon cooling in large monolayer graphene devices (2016)

We present thermal measurements of large-area (over $1000\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$) monolayer graphene samples at cryogenic temperatures to study the electron-phonon thermal conductivity of graphene. By using two large samples with areas which differ by a factor of 10, we are able to clearly show the area dependence of the electron-phonon cooling. We find that, at temperatures far below the Bloch-Gr\"uneisen temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{BG}}$, the electron-phonon cooling power is accurately described by the ${T}^{4}$ temperature dependence predicted for clean samples. Using this model, we are able to extract a value for the electron-phonon coupling constant as a function of gate voltage and the graphene electron-lattice deformation potential.
Genome-enabled insights into the biology of thrips as crop pests (2020)

Analysis of the F. occidentalis genome offers insights into the polyphagous behavior of this insect pest that finds, colonizes, and survives on a widely diverse array of plants. The genomic resources presented here enable a more complete analysis of insect evolution and biology, providing a missing taxon for contemporary insect genomics-based analyses. Our study also offers a genomic benchmark for molecular and evolutionary investigations of other Thysanoptera species.
Carbon Dioxide (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties 3. Chemical Properties 4. Occurrence in Nature 4.1. Lithosphere 4.2. Atmosphere 4.3. Hydrosphere 4.4. Biosphere 4.4.1. Life Cycle 4.4.2. Radiocarbon Dating 5. Environmental Effects 6. Production 6.1. Carbon Dioxide from Ammonia and Hydrogen Plants (Process Gas CO 2 ) 6.1.1. Potassium Carbonate Process 6.1.2. Ethanolamine Process 6.2. Carbon Dioxide from Flue Gases 6.3. Carbon Dioxide from Fermentation 6.4. Carbon Dioxide from Carbonates 6.5. Carbon Dioxide from Natural Sources 7. Purification of Carbon Dioxide before Liquefaction 8. Liquefaction of Carbon Dioxide 9. Production of Dry Ice 10. Quality Specifications and Analysis 11. Commercial Forms, Storage, and Distribution 11.1. Solid Carbon Dioxide 11.2. Liquid Carbon Dioxide 12. Uses 12.1. Uses of Gaseous Carbon Dioxide <jats:styled-content
Hydro- hygro- oleo- omni-phobic? Terminology of wettability classification (2012)

A variety of expressions used to classify solid surfaces in terms of their wettability by liquids is presented, and their advantages and deficiencies are discussed. In order to create uniform, clear terminology, a three-layer methodology is proposed to describe wettability of smooth, rough, and very rough surfaces. Existing terms are kept as much as possible in the suggested terminology, and their meanings are clearly defined. A new prefix is suggested in order to distinguish the general effect of roughness on the contact angle from its effect in the extreme cases of complete wetting or non-wettability.
Diaminoacid derivatives of protoporphyrine used as photosensitizers in photodynamic method of tumor diagnosis and treatment (2003)

Observation and selective destruction of biological tissues, due to use of photochemical reaction sensitised with photosensitive dyes, are applied in modern method of tumor diagnosis and treatment as well as destruction of atheromatous plaques and restenosis prevention. This method, called photodynamic method (PDT), has been developed for recent 30 years in USA, Canada, Japan, and China and in majority of European countries. It has many advantages that distinguish it from among other currently used diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Both, the applied photosensitizers and photodynamic effect influence on active biological compounds present in an organism, mainly on enzymatic proteins, hormones, and particular elements of immunological system. The PDT method can be used not only for <i>in situ</i> tumor treatment but also for the treatment in metastasis state. It was thought previously that direct activity of cytotoxic radicals and singlet oxygen causes tissues necrosis. At present, additional investigations are performed on destruction mechanisms, i.e., occlusion of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels and PDT influence on immunological system revealing in cytokines release. In Poland, the technology of new class of photosensitizer - diaminoacid derivatives of protoporphyrin PP(AA)<sub>2</sub>Arg<sub>2</sub> as well as the basic half-product - hemis of very high purity has been developed and activities for their industrial production have been performed. <i>In vitro</i> investigations on quantum luminescence yield and singlet oxygen quantum yield of the obtained preparations were made. These compounds do not show toxic properties and they are neither mutagenic nor teratogenic. Three aminoacid protoporphyrine derivatives were chosen for industrial scale production, i.e., PP(Ala)<sub>2</sub>Arg<sub>2</sub>, PP(Ser)<sub>2</sub>Arg<sub>2</sub>, PP(Plu)<sub>2</sub>Arg<sub>2</sub> that were efficient for the largest number of tumors investigated on cell lines. A preparation being the mixture of these derivatives is called Sensyphyrine. In the first stage of Sensyphyrine examinations in surgery, otolaryngology, and teracosurgery clinics over 100 patients were investigated. During the years 1999-2001, the technologies of Polish photosensitizer and dermatological preparation have been developed. This photosensitizer - IX(PPIX) protoporphyrine is 5-aminoavulenic acid (ALA) of pharmaceutic purity (99.5%) and the final form of dermatological preparation is in form of a cream (FOTOACID). The obtained preparation and designed diagnostic systems and therapeutic sources enabled us to carry out initial investigations on animals and next clinical in 400 patients.
Inhibition of mammalian collagenases by thiol‐containing peptides (1986)

The following thiol-containing peptide analogues of the carboxyl side of the collagenase-sensitive bond of collagen were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of collagenases partially purified from homogenates of rabbit V-2 tumor and culture medium of pig synovium: HSCH2CH(CH3)CO-Ala-OEt (I), HSCH2CH(CH2Ph)CO-Ala-OEt (II), HSCH2CH[CH2CH(CH3)2]CO-Ala-OEt (III); HSCH2 CH-[CH2CH(CH3)2]CO-Ala-Gly-OEt (IV); HSCH2CH[CH2CH(CH3)2]CO-Ala-Gly-Gln (V). The compounds are listed in order of their inhibitory potency when assayed with nonfibrillar-acid-soluble calf skin collagen at pH 7.6, 35 degrees C. The best inhibitor (III) gave 50% inhibition between 1 and 4 microM. II was a competitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 75 microM. The enzymes preferred an isobutyl side chain at the 2-carbon position, and, where tested (III, IV), did not discriminate strongly between stereoisomers at the chiral 2-carbon. Increasing the length of the inhibitor did not markedly increase potency.
Design of narrow-width Fermi antenna with circular radiation pattern (2004)

The design of the Fermi antenna as a receiving element of PMMW imaging is presented. Using the FDTD analysis, it has been found that the beamwidth of the E-plane and the H-plane of the Fermi antenna can be controlled by changing the width of the aperture and the position of the inflection point of the Fermi-Dirac taper profile respectively. Using these characteristics, a Fermi antenna with circular radiation pattern having a beamwidth of 52/spl deg/ and geometrical width of 0.58/spl lambda//sub 0/ which fits to the f/D=1 optics have been obtained.
Polymersome Shape Transformation at the Nanoscale (2013)

Polymer vesicles, also named polymersomes, are valuable candidates for drug delivery and micro- or nanoreactor applications. As far as drug delivery is concerned, the shape of the carrier is believed to have a strong influence on the biodistribution and cell internalization. Polymersomes can be submitted to an osmotic imbalance when injected in physiological media leading to morphological changes. To understand these osmotic stress-induced variations in membrane properties and shapes, several nanovesicles made of the graft polymer poly(dimethylsiloxane)-g-poly(ethylene oxide) (PDMS-g-PEO) or the triblock copolymer PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO were osmotically stressed and observed by light scattering, neutron scattering (SANS), and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Hypotonic shock leads to a swelling of the vesicles, comparable to optically observable giant polymersomes, and hypertonic shock leads to collapsed structures such as stomatocytes and original nested vesicles, the latter being only observed for bilayers classically formed by amphiphilic copolymers. Complementary SANS and cryo-TEM experiments are shown to be in quantitative agreement and highlight the importance of the membrane structure on the behavior of these nanopolymersomes under hypertonic conditions as the final morphology reached depends whether or not the copolymers assemble into a bilayer. The vesicle radius and membrane curvature are also shown to be critical parameters for such transformations: the shape evolution trajectory agrees with theoretical models only for large enough vesicle radii above a threshold value around 4 times the membrane thickness.
Study of the Effect of Additives on the Photocatalytic Degradation of a Triphenylmethane Dye in the Presence of Immobilized TiO2/NiO Nanoparticles: Artificial Neural Network Modeling (2014)

In the present work, TiO2/NiO coupled nanoparticles were prepared from a powder mixture of the corresponding component solid oxides by using an impregnation technique. Then, the prepared TiO2/NiO nanoparticles were immobilized on glass plate and used as a fixed-bed photocatalytic system for photodegradation of Acid Fuchsin (AF), as a triphenylmethane dye pollutant. The effects of nature and concentration of various additives included inorganic oxidants (such as HSO5–, IO4–, ClO3–, S2O82–, H2O2, and BrO3–), inorganic anions (such as CH3COO–, CO32–, NO3–, Cl–, H2PO4–, and SO42–), and transition-metal ions (such as Co2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mn2+) on photocatalytic degradation of AF, were investigated. It was found that the nature and concentration of studied additives significantly affected the photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutant in fixed-bed systems. The transition-metal ions and inorganic oxidants have a positive effect on the photocatalytic degradation rate of AF dye, whereas inorganic anions have a negative effect. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was designed for modeling of the photocatalytic degradation rate of AF dye. The results showed that the predicted data from designed ANN model were in good agreement with the experimental data. Designed ANN provides a reliable method for modeling the photocatalytic activity of immobilized TiO2/NiO nanoparticles in the presence of various additives.
Reactions of Arylhalocarbenes with Vinyl Isocyanates (2004)

A variety of aryhalocarbenes were reacted with 1-cyclohexene-1-isocyanate to provide insight into the factors that control [4+1] versus [2+1] cycloaddition reactivity.This paper is dedicated to Leo A. Paquette on the occasion of his 70 th birthday.
Engineered protease inhibitors based on sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1) provide insights into the role of sequence and conformation in Laskowski mechanism inhibition (2015)

Laskowski inhibitors regulate serine proteases by an intriguing mode of action that involves deceiving the protease into synthesizing a peptide bond. Studies exploring naturally occurring Laskowski inhibitors have uncovered several structural features that convey the inhibitor's resistance to hydrolysis and exceptional binding affinity. However, in the context of Laskowski inhibitor engineering, the way that various modifications intended to fine-tune an inhibitor's potency and selectivity impact on its association and dissociation rates remains unclear. This information is important as Laskowski inhibitors are becoming increasingly used as design templates to develop new protease inhibitors for pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we used the cyclic peptide, sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1), as a model system to explore how the inhibitor's sequence and structure relate to its binding kinetics and function. Using enzyme assays, MD simulations and NMR spectroscopy to study SFTI variants with diverse sequence and backbone modifications, we show that the geometry of the binding loop mainly influences the inhibitor's potency by modulating the association rate, such that variants lacking a favourable conformation show dramatic losses in activity. Additionally, we show that the inhibitor's sequence (including both the binding loop and its scaffolding) influences its potency and selectivity by modulating both the association and the dissociation rates. These findings provide new insights into protease inhibitor function and design that we apply by engineering novel inhibitors for classical serine proteases, trypsin and chymotrypsin and two kallikrein-related peptidases (KLK5 and KLK14) that are implicated in various cancers and skin diseases.
Development of ZnO-InP heterojunction solar cells for thin film photovoltaics (2014)

As a photovoltaic material, InP is nearly ideal for a single junction solar cell in terms of its band gap and absorption coefficient. However, its widespread use is limited due to the expense of substrates and depositing monocrystalline material over large areas. As a route towards reducing the cost, there is interest in examining polycrystalline III-Vs, where film thicknesses ~1 μm could be employed, assuming a reflective back surface. This work examines one aspect towards delivering high efficiency polycrystalline InP-based solar cells by focusing on the use of low-cost, earth-abundant ZnO as the emitter layer. Due to surface Fermi-level pinning in InP, ZnO is an ideal choice for this purpose. We have studied the effects of using aluminum-doped zinc oxide, as well as thin i-ZnO interlayers, deposited onto p-type InP substrates. So far, a maximum power conversion efficiency of 7.3% has been realized, which is a record for this type of heterojunction cell structure. We further discuss the impact of the i-ZnO interlayer on enhancing short wavelength response in the cell.
Thermal Reactivity of Double‐Base Rocket Propellants (1979)

Abstract Thermal decomposition studies on double‐base propellants have been carried out in air and vacuum using differential scanning calorimetric, thermogravimetric and mass spectrometric techniques. Low temperature (90 °C–170 °C) decomposition seems to involve diffusion controlled process, the mechanism in air and vacuum being different. High temperature (170 °–205 °C) decomposition involves bond breakage.
Special Issue - Selected papers from ELMAR 2010 and 2011 Conference (2012)

In front of you is a special issue of AUTOMATIKA which contains selected papers from the 52nd and 53rd International Symposium ELMAR, held in Zadar, Croatia in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The ELMAR symposium has a long tradition and a rich history lasting for over 50 years, and prides itself with covering a wide variety of interesting topics, always reflecting the latest research and development trends in electronics and computer science. ELMAR’s focus in recent years has been on image and video processing, multimedia communications, and navigation systems. To reflect ELMAR’s broad span of topics and to proportionally cover the various subjects of papers that were submitted in recent years, we have selected eight papers presented in extended form in this special issue. We have organized the papers into two groups. The first group, consisting of five papers, covers various topics in image and video processing and multimedia communications. The second group, consisting of three papers, covers important topics in navigation and signal processing.
Immunotherapy Approaches in Cancer Treatment (2015)

Tumor immune surveillance paradigm presumes that most pre-malignant cells or early malignant lesions can be eliminated (or at least controlled) by cells of the immune system. A critical feature that distinguishes advanced tumors from early neoplastic lesions is their capability to evade immune control. As a consequence, vast majority of clinically evident (advanced) tumors are poorly immunogenic. The principle goal of immunotherapy is thus a resurrection of the patient's inefficient or suppressed immune system so that it would once again become capable of launching sustained cytolytic attacks against tumor cells, which would ideally result in total and permanent eradication of cancer. Such activation of patient's anticancer immunity, however, can be achieved by strikingly different ways. This current review discusses diverse innovative immunotherapy approaches, which in the last 20 years achieved miraculous successes in the ever-lasting battle against cancer, including cytokine-based immunotherapy approaches, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives, cancer vaccines, and cell-based immunotherapy approaches.
Performance of N95 FFRs Against Combustion and NaCl Aerosols in Dry and Moderately Humid Air: Manikin-based Study (2016)

N95 FFRs have lower filter efficiency when challenged with contaminant particles generated by combustion, particularly when used under high humidity conditions compared to NaCl particles.
Functional substrates – a novel approach to tailor transport properties and flux-line pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-xthin films (2002)

Abstract A concept is introduced, using substrates for high-temperature superconductor (HTS) thin-film deposition beyond their usual application as chemical inert, lattice-matched support for the f...
The effect of laser pulse shape on mass resolution in the pulsed-laser atom probe (1987)

The time dependence of pulsed-laser enhanced field evaporation is calculated for a variety of laser pulse shapes. It is shown that the decay of the pulse has an important effect on the time resolution obtained in the pulsed-laser atom probe.