gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Configuring an embedded system by the concepts of emotional design by using a non-additive fuzzy integral based FMCDM framework (2010)

An embedded system, a digital electronic system being embedded in a larger device, is the system to be configured to fulfill specific demands of customers from some market segmentations. This nature complicates the design of an embedded system itself. Traditional embedded system marketers usually defined the systems based on their intuition, which could be subjective and misleading. To fulfill different customers' demands from various market segmentations, the concept of “user-centered design” can be leveraged. Thus, this research aims to resolve this issue by introducing a novel fuzzy multiple criteria decision making (FMCDM) based embedded system design method by introducing the concept of “emotional design“. By using this method, customer needs can be elicited through explorations of their emotions. The fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (FAHP) will be leveraged for deriving the relative weights. Further, considering the characteristic of inter-dependences between criteria, the non-additive fuzzy integral method will be introduced to aggregate the performance scores on each component of the embedded system platform. In this paper, an empirical study on an embedded system design of a handset being designed by one of the world's largest IT (information technology) manufacturers will be leveraged for demonstrating the feasibility of this framework. A satisfying mobile phone can be designed based on the newly proposed FMCDM framework. And this methodology can be used to configure any embedded system to be embedded in other consumer electronics products.
Finding the Mitral Annular Lines From 2-D + 1-D Precordial Echocardiogram Using Graph-Search Technique (2004)

The apical four-chamber view echocardiogram collected by a transthoracic transducer can be used to evaluate the left ventricle volume. In the diastole, the left ventricle and left atrium become one chamber. In this case, the left ventricle and left atrium need to be separated using a "mitral annular line" so the volume of the left ventricle can be estimated. In this paper, a nearly automatic method for identifying the mitral annular lines from two-dimensional (2-D) + one-dimensional (1-D) precordial four-chamber view echocardiogram is presented. This method employs the optical flow technique and graph-search approach. The mitral annular line sequence is found by finding the shortest path in a weighted directed graph. The vertices in the graph are candidates for the mitral annular lines. The weights on the directed edges are determined using the optical flow technique. The proposed method requires only a physician to provide a point that is always in the left ventricular chamber. Experimental results show that the average error for the left ventricle volume obtained based on the computed mitral annular lines is 3%.
Correcting ray distortion in tomographic additive manufacturing (2021)

Light-based additive manufacturing techniques enable a rapid transition from object design to production. In these approaches, a 3D object is typically built by successive polymerization of 2D layers in a photocurable resin. A recently demonstrated technique, however, uses tomographic dose patterning to establish a 3D light dose distribution within a cylindrical glass vial of photoresin. Lensing distortion from the cylindrical vial is currently mitigated by either an index matching bath around the print volume or a cylindrical lens. In this work, we show that these hardware approaches to distortion correction are unnecessary. Instead, we demonstrate how the lensing effect can be computationally corrected by resampling the parallel-beam radon transform into an aberrated geometry. We also demonstrate a more general application of our computational approach by correcting for non-telecentricity inherent in most optical projection systems. We expect that our results will underpin a more simple and flexible class of tomographic 3D printers where deviations from the assumed parallel-beam projection geometry are rectified computationally.
The preconditioned biconjugate gradient algorithm applied to geophysical electromagnetic modeling (2005)

Solution of the large system of equations that results from a finite-element approximation in electromagnetic modelling over a mesh strongly refined is most commonly done iteratively, because direct solution requires excessive amounts of memory and computation. The conjugate gradient – type methods used in combination with preconditioning – are among the most effective iterative procedures for solving large sparse nonsingular systems of linear equations Ax = b. Three test models are performed by the proposed algorithm. The first is the modeling of the geoelectric field under the Equatorial Electrojet employing the interpretative model of Parnaíba Basin Conductivity Anomaly (Silva and Rijo, 2003), the second the electromagnetic tomography, applicable to cylindrical with azimuthally symmetric geometry about vertical magnetic dipole sources (Souza and Rijo, 2003). The third test model is performed using the MCSEM – marine controlled-source electromagnetic (Ellingsrud, 2002) using a 2-D approximation to the sub-seafloor structure. The performance of the algorithm is showed in contrast with the Gaussian elimination.
Ultrastructural Effects of Conray 60 and Pantopaque on Ependyma and Choroid Plexus Following Intraventricular Injections (1976)

Electron microscope evaluation of choroid plexus and ependyma following single cerebral intraventricular injections of Conray 60 and Pantopaque was carried out on 35 rats and 4 dogs. The animals were sacrificed at periods ranging from 1 hour to 4 months. Conray was not detected with the light or electron microscope; however, Pantopaque was presumptively localized as electron-dense masses associated with lipid-like bodies at the ventricular interface of both choroidal and ependymal epithelium. Conray 60 injections consistently induced convulsions in rats. Histological studies demonstrated moderate cellular damage and multilayered proliferation of ependymal epithelium. Morphological damage following Pantopaque was more severe and widespread in both choroid plexus and ependyma suggesting that, of the two agents, Conray may have the greater clinical potential provided that the associated convulsions are controlled by appropriate measures.
Nanotubes as polymers (2009)

In this review, we show that the structure and behavior of single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) are essentially polymeric; in fact, many have referred to SWNTs as “the ultimate polymer”. The classification of SWNTS as polymers is explored by comparing the structure, properties, phase behavior, rheology, processing, and applications of SWNTs with those of rigid-rod polymers. Special attention is given to research efforts focusing on the use of SWNTs as molecular composites (also termed nanocomposites) with SWNTs as the filler and flexible polymer chains as the host. This perspective of “SWNTs as polymers” allows the methods, applications, and theoretical framework of polymer science to be appropriated and applied to nanotubes.
PH-Responsive release of fluorophore from homocysteine-carrying polymerized liposomes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPH-Responsive release of fluorophore from homocysteine-carrying polymerized liposomesHiromi Kitano, Heiko Wolf, and Norio IseCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 7, 1958–1961Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00209a013Request reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (546 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Editor's Note (2014)

Presents the introductory welcome message from the conference proceedings. May include the conference officers' congratulations to all involved with the conference event and publication of the proceedings record.
Bidirectional shooting method for extreme nonlinear optics (2019)

In this paper we introduce a pseudospectral shooting method to model intense, ultrashort optical pulses incident on remote targets. The method naturally extends the unidirectional pulse propagation equation to include backward propagating radiation due to either nonlinear coupling with the ``forward'' field or reflections generated at material boundaries. The general applicability of the method is highlighted with several examples, including a full simulation of a pulse propagating through air across an ultrathin gold film coated on fused silica.
Process Optimization of Wire-Based Laser Metal Deposition of Titanium (2018)

Titanium alloys are used instead of steel and nickel-based alloys to lower the weight of turbines whenever it is applicable. Due to the high manufacturing costs of titanium, near-net-shape processes like laser metal deposition (LMD) processes are an approach to improve the production of new turbomachinery components. Additionally, these processes are also suitable for repair. LMD uses wire or powder as additional material. When highly reactive materials like titanium grade 5 (Ti6Al4V) are processed, wire-based laser metal deposition (LMD-W) processes are superior to powder-based processes due to the smaller reactive surface. Nowadays, three main challenges exist when titanium grade 5 (Ti6Al4V) is processed by additive manufacturing (AM): First of all, the high affinity to oxygen combined with the increased brittleness of the material in case of a contamination with already low amounts of oxygen has to be faced. Second, the material is prone to distortion induced by thermal stress during the manufacturing process. Finally, the material has a complex bimodal microstructure, which has to be adjusted properly to generate optimal strength. The following publication will present how these technical challenges are faced. The heat input into the workpiece and thereby the area that has to be covered with shielding gas is minimized. This is done by minimizing the laser spot size as well as adjusting the travel speed. Thereby a local shielding of the process was realized. With this optimized process, it was possible to generate several specimens for metallurgical analysis.
Application of a modified Pictet–Spengler reaction to the synthesis of optically active tetrahydro-β-carbolines, key intermediates in the preparation of many indole alkaloids (1988)

A recent modification of the Pictet–Spengler reaction has been applied to the synthesis of optically active tetrahydro-β-carbolines. The method was initially investigated by treating various Nin,Nα-substituted tryptophan methyl esters (10) with methyl propynoate or dimethyl butynedioate; cyclisation of the resulting enamines (13) was achieved by the addition of trifluoroacetic acid, to give the desired tetrahydro-β-carbolines as mixtures of diastereoisomers (11) and (12). Single crystal X-ray structure determinations were carried out on two of the isolated diastereoisomers (12b) and (11e); chemical modification of these compounds allowed an unambiguous assignment of stereochemistry to all of the products from the modified Pictet–Spengler reaction. It was thereby ascertained that Nin-methylation and/or Nα-benzylation of the tryptophan methyl esters led to an increase in the proportion of trans products after condensation/cyclisation with methyl propynoate. This observation was applied to the preparation of the cis-cyano ester (3), which was required as a key intermediate in the synthesis of alkaloids of the ajmaline group.
Elimination of silicon gas phase nucleation using tetrafluorosilane (SiF4) precursor for high quality thick silicon carbide (SiC) homoepitaxy (2012)

Abstract Tetrafluorosilane (SiF 4 ) gas precursor is utilized to eliminate Si gas phase nucleation and Si parasitic deposition during silicon carbide (SiC) epitaxial growth, otherwise unachievable in similar growth conditions using conventional silane (SiH 4 ) and dichlorosilane (SiCl 2 H 2 /DCS) precursors. Higher SiF bond strength (565 kJ mol −1 ) in SiF 4 prevents early gas decomposition and Si cluster formation, essential for high temperature SiC chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and yet enables growth of high quality epitaxy in an improved particulate suppressed growth condition. High quality, thick 4H‐SiC epilayers &gt;100 µm have been demonstrated using SiF 4 with excellent surface morphology, polytype uniformity, crystallinity and low defect density. magnified image Significant (80%) suppression of parasitic deposition (left) using SiF 4 reduces particulate generation during growth, and improves the epilayer quality (right).
Simulation Of A Phased Array Experiment (1986)

Methods are considered to improve performance of phased array systems by analyzing the effects of higher order aberrations on piston estimation and control. The analysis confirms that the use of wavefront sensor measurements to augment the piston sensor readings allow accurate estimation of the true piston difference in an edge sampling array. In addition, average phase at the sampler can be estimated very accurately even in the presence of WFS errors. Finally, using a three element phased array in an OTF non-redundant geometry, one can, after image reconstruction, significantly increase resolution compared to a single telescope of comparable entrance pupil area.
Effects of Electrical Brainstem Stimulation on Tinnitus (1994)

The primary aim of the auditory brainstem implant (ABI), an investigational device, is to restore auditory sensations in neurofibromatosis-2 patients deafened by bilateral acoustic neuroma surgery. An electrode is placed on the dorsal cochlear nucleus after the tumor is removed through the translabyrinthine approach. This procedure was performed on 18 patients: 13 were completely deafferentated after bilateral tumor removal and had received the ABI during surgery on the second-sided tumor; 5 were implanted at first-sided tumor removal. Three of these 5 patients had usable hearing remaining on the side of the second acoustic neuroma and were stimulated only during laboratory sessions. All patients had tinnitus. We used a questionnaire to assess the effects of brainstem stimulation on this symptom. Of the 18 patients, one early patient deceased, and one patient with no follow-up was not included in this study. Six patients who were unable to use the ABI because of temporary hardware problems or side effects from electrical stimulation were also excluded. Thus, we studied 10 patients. Of 7 patients who used their implant daily, 6 reported noticeable tinnitus reduction; the ABI had no effect in the remaining case. Of 3 recently implanted patients who used this implant only during laboratory testing, one patient reported complete suppression of tinnitus, one described worse tinnitus, and one reported no effect.
Fermi Level Engineering for Large Permittivity in BaTiO3-Based Multilayers (2021)

Multilayered doped BaTiO3 thin films have been fabricated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on low-cost polycrystalline substrates with the aim to improve dielectric properties by controlling point charge defects at the interfaces. We show that carefully designed interfaces lead to increasing the relative permittivity of the BaTiO3 thin films, in contradiction with the common belief that interfaces behave as dead layers. High relative permittivity up to 1030 and tanδ = 4% at 100 kHz and room temperature were obtained on BaTiO3 multilayered films deposited on Si/Pt substrates by PVD. The large permittivity is suspected to be an extrinsic contribution due to band bending at the interfaces, as inferred by in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A 20-nm depletion layer was found to be associated with an interdiffusion of dopants, as measured by depth profiling with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The films exhibit high permittivity and low dielectric losses stable between 200 and 400 K, which meet the requirement of electronic applications.
Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in pH-modified chicken salad during refrigerated storage. (2005)

The growth and inactivation kinetics of L. monocytogenes were evaluated at pH 4.0, 4.6, and 5.2 during storage at 5.0 degrees C, 7.2 degrees C, and 21.1 degrees C (41 degrees F, 45 degrees F, and 70 degrees F). Using commercially produced pasteurized chicken salad, the authors adjusted the pH levels with acetic acid or sodium acetate. Samples of 25 g each of the pH-modified salad were inoculated to approximately 1 x 10(6) cells per gram with a three-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes and stored for up to 119 days. Samples were enumerated for L. monocytogenes according to the Food and Drug Administration-modified most-probable-number (MPN) procedure, and log MPN was plotted against time. Inactivation was seen at all pH levels and at all temperatures. At 21.1 degrees C, a 6-log reduction was seen after 14 days at pH 4.0, after 52 days at pH 4.6, and after 38 days at pH 5.2. Inactivation at 21.1 degrees C began within hours or days at pH 4.0, and after a lag phase of 10 to 12 days at pH 4.6 and 5.2. Inactivation was slower in cold-storage temperatures. At 7.2 degrees C, a microbial reduction of 1.1 log (pH 5.2) and > 3 log (pH 4.0 and 4.6) was observed at 119 days. At 5 degrees C, a 7.5-log reduction was observed at 24 days at pH 4.0. At pH levels of 4.6 and 5.2, however, only a 4-log reduction was found at 119 days. The data generated in this study may be used to develop predictive models that could specifically address the interactions of pH and storage temperature on the viability of L. monocytogenes in prepared salads.
Applications of the Hilbert-Huang Transform (2001)

A new method, the Hilbert-Huang Transform, has been developed for analyzing nonlinear and nonstationary data. The key part of the method is the Empirical Mode Decomposition with which any complicated data set can be decomposed into a finite and often small number of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF). An M is defined as any function having the same numbers of zero-crossing and extrema, and also having symmetric envelopes defined by the local maxima and minima respectively. The IMF also admits well-behaved Hilbert transform. This decomposition method is adaptive, and, therefore, highly efficient. Since the decomposition is based on the local characteristic time scale of the data, it is applicable to nonlinear and nonstationary processes. With the Hilbert transform, the Intrinsic Mode Functions yield instantaneous frequencies'as functions of time that give sharp identifications of imbedded structures. The final presentation of the results is an energy-frequency-time distribution, designated as the Hilbert Spectrum. With this technique we can examine the detailed dynamics characteristics of a nonlinear system through the instantaneous frequency rather than harmonics. Thus it constitutes a new view of the nonlinear dynamics. Examples of classic nonlinear equations and other nonlinear and nonstationary data sets will be used as examples to illustrate the advantage of the application of this new data analysis method.
Seeds of Brassicaceae weeds have an inherent or inducible response to the germination stimulant karrikinolide (2011)

KAR(1) responses are more complex than simply stating whether a species is responsive or non-responsive; light and temperature conditions, dormancy state and seed lot all influence the sensitivity of seeds to KAR(1), and a response to KAR(1) can be induced. Three response types for generalizing KAR(1) responses are proposed, namely inherent, inducible and undetected. Given that responses to KAR(1) were either inherent or inducible in all 15 seed lots included in this study, the Brassicaceae may be an ideal target for future application of KAR(1) in weed management.
Synthetic approach to the mononuclear active sites of molybdoenzymes: catalytic oxygen atom transfer reactions by oxomolybdenum(IV,VI) complexes with saturation kinetics and without molybdenum(V) dimer formation (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic approach to the mononuclear active sites of molybdoenzymes: catalytic oxygen atom transfer reactions by oxomolybdenum(IV,VI) complexes with saturation kinetics and without molybdenum(V) dimer formationJeremy M. Berg and R. H. HolmCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 10, 3035–3036Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00322a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00322a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
MitoQ--a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. (2007)

MitoQ is an orally active antioxidant that has the ability to target mitochondrial dysfunction. The agent is currently under development by Antipodean Pharmaceuticals Inc in phase II clinical trials for Parkinson's disease and liver damage associated with HCV infection. MitoQ has demonstrated encouraging preclinical results in numerous studies in isolated mitochondria, cells and tissues undergoing oxidative stress and apoptotic death. MitoQ aims to not only mimic the role of the endogenous mitochondrial antioxidant coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), but also to augment substantially the antioxidant capacity of CoQ to supraphysiological levels in a mitochondrial membrane potential-dependent manner. MitoQ represents the first foray into the clinic in an attempt to deliver an antioxidant to an intracellular region that is responsible for the formation of increased levels of potentially deleterious reactive oxygen species. Results from the clinical trials with MitoQ will have important repercussions on the relevance of a mitochondrial-targeted approach.
Theory (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Electrical Analogs of Physical and Chemical Processes Physical and Electrochemical Models