gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IGSF 10 mutations dysregulate gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neuronal migration resulting in delayed puberty (2016)

Early or late pubertal onset affects up to 5% of adolescents and is associated with adverse health and psychosocial outcomes. Self-limited delayed puberty (DP) segregates predominantly in an autosomal dominant pattern, but the underlying genetic background is unknown. Using exome and candidate gene sequencing, we have identified rare mutations in IGSF10 in 6 unrelated families, which resulted in intracellular retention with failure in the secretion of mutant proteins. IGSF10 mRNA was strongly expressed in embryonic nasal mesenchyme, during gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal migration to the hypothalamus. IGSF10 knockdown caused a reduced migration of immature GnRH neurons in vitro, and perturbed migration and extension of GnRH neurons in a gnrh3:EGFP zebrafish model. Additionally, loss-of-function mutations in IGSF10 were identified in hypothalamic amenorrhea patients. Our evidence strongly suggests that mutations in IGSF10 cause DP in humans, and points to a common genetic basis for conditions of functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). While dysregulation of GnRH neuronal migration is known to cause permanent HH, this is the first time that this has been demonstrated as a causal mechanism in DP‡.
Coexistence of IEEE 802.15.4g and WLAN: An Adaptive Power Control Approach (2023)

This paper addresses the problem of coexistence between smart grid based wireless communication networks and other interfering signals. Particularly, the problem of interfering wireless local area network (WLAN) signals over smart utility networks (SUN) systems is analyzed. We develop a statistical model of the WLAN interferers, which is in turn used in predicting the capacity of SUN systems when affected by several WLAN interferers. Based on this analysis, a framework that promotes the application of an adaptive power control algorithm at the SUN transmitter is developed based on a Lagrangian optimization approach. Our proposed optimization approach involves solving a reduced-complexity algorithm which yields an optimal power allocation for each SUN packet. The results show that an adaptive power control approach results in a significant improvement of the SUN’s network capacity when compared with fixed power transmissions.
Current classification of Ralstonia solanacearum and genetic diversity of the strains in Japan. (2014)

Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal organism of bacterial wilt of more than 200 species representing 50 families of plants in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions in the world. Traditionally classified into five races based on differences in host range, R. solanacearum has also been grouped into six biovars on the basis of biochemical properties. With recent developments in molecular biology, various DNA-based analyses have been introduced and used to confirm that this binary system does not completely represent the diversity within R. solanacearum strains. Therefore, a new hierarchical classification scheme has been suggested, which defines R. solanacearum as a species complex and reorganized the concept of the species as a monophyletic cluster according to a phylogenetic analysis based on genomic sequence data. Here we discuss the current bacterial wilt situation and genetic relationships based on the recent classification system of Japanese R. solanacearum strains as well as worldwide strains. We also review the genetic, biochemical, and pathological characteristics of R. solanacearum strains, in particular, those affecting potato and Zingiberaceae plants as distinctly important pathogens in relation to continuously problematic and recent emergent diseases in Japan.
Effect of zinc-addition and temperature on the work-hardening characteristics of Pb–Sn eutectic alloy (2003)

The plastic deformation behaviour of Pb–61.9 Sn and Pb–61.9 Sn–1 Zn alloys have been investigated in isothermal tensile tests, performed within the temperature range 353–413 K at a constant strain rate of 2 × 10–4 s–1. The results show that the stress–strain response is sensitive to both temperature and zinc content. The coefficient of work hardening, the yield stress and the fracture stress generally decrease with increasing temperature and Zn addition, while the total strain increase. The variations of microstructure with the deformation temperature were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The alloy Pb–61.9 Sn–1 Zn proved to be promising in that it gave high superplastic properties compared with the Pb–61.9 Sn binary eutectic, which was possible mainly due to the existence of Zn. The Zn particles promoting the coarse precipitates and reduce the capabilities for precipitation hardening, while keeping a refined grain size. The hardening effect of precipitates is calculated using the Ashby model, a good agreement is found between the calculated and the experimental values.
Optical properties of dust aggregates. II: Angular dependence of scattered light (1993)

The angular dependence of light scattered by dust aggregates has been investigated by means of the discrete dipole method. Two types of aggregates have been treated; BPCA and BCCA whose fractal dimensions are ˜3 and ˜2 in the limit of large size respectively, and whose number of constituent particles range from N = 256 to 4096. The radii of constituent particles are 0.01μm and are partly 0.03μm. Two kinds of minerals are considered as the constituents; silicate and magnetite. The calculations have been carried out at the wavelength λ = O.6μm. The angular dependence of the degree of linear polarization and the scattered intensity is sensitive to the structure as well as the chemical composition with increasing size of the aggregates. The degree of linear polarization of BCCA shows the behavior similar to that of the individual constituent particles independent of N and of the chemical composition. In BPCA, the maximum value is depressed and the scattering angle at the maximum shifts towards larger scattering angles with increasing N, which is more remarkable in the magnetite aggregates than in the silicate ones. The difference in the behavior of polarization between BPCA and BCCA can be-interpreted as the result of multiple scattering in the aggregates reflecting the difference in the structure. The forward scattering lobe is well-developed with increasing N in BPCA in spite of the smaller size than BCCA with the same number of constituent particles. For a given aggregate, the scattered intensity shows almost the same behavior of angular dependence regardless of, but the strength is sensitive to the chemical composition of the constituent particles. The intensity at the scattering angle θ = 0° is independent of the structure of the aggregates and is proportional to N2 in the range of our calculations. The angular dependence of the scattered intensity exhibits a similarity relation when the size parameter of the aggregates X = kR ≳ 3, where k is the wavenumber and R is the characteristic radius of aggregate. The angular dependence can be divided into at least 4 regimes according to the value of q = 2kRsin(θ/2). The scattered intensity in the region of q ≲ 2 is dominated by the coherently scattered light from the constituent particles and well reflects the size and the mass of aggregates, independent of the structure. The distinction between BCCA and BPCA occurs in the region of 2.4 ≲ q ≲ 5.0 through the effect of multiple scattering in the aggregates.
Wearing, Thinking, and Moving: Testing the Feasibility of Fitness Tracking with Urban Youth (2016)

Background: Wearable and mobile technologies are often used by people who wish to document their own health and lifestyle behaviors. The feasibility of health tracking among youth is unclear, particularly in low-resource communities where health strategies stand to have the greatest impact. Methods: Youth (n = 24) enrolled in an afterschool program in an urban school district were provided Fitbit physical activity monitors. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected over 6 months; logged data from Fitbit.com were examined to assess physical activity patterns and level engagement with the technology and focus groups were conducted to assess motivators and barriers to use. Results: Data logs revealed low continuous engagement that declined over time. Qualitative findings suggest that, when youth wore their devices, they noticed and engaged with their real-time device data in reflective ways. Some aspects of the device's form factor were problematic for these youth, and technology access, environmental constraints, and motivation were also barriers to continuous engagement. Translation to Health Education Practice: Taken together, these mixed methods findings suggest that effecting sustainable changes in youth behavior through health tracking alone is challenging. Adequate training, programmatic/staff support, technology access, and motivation may help sustain ongoing use and engagement. We recommend that health tracking in similar contexts be situated within educational curricula and/or a broader intervention that facilitates and motivates continuous engagement.
Upward gaze and head deviation with frontal eye field stimulation (2012)

Using electrical stimulation to the deep, most caudal part of the right frontal eye field (FEF), we demonstrate a novel pattern of vertical (upward) eye movement that was previously only thought possible by stimulating both frontal eye fields simultaneously. If stimulation was started when the subject looked laterally, the initial eye movement was back to the midline, followed by upward deviation. Our finding challenges current view of topological organisation in the human FEF and may have general implications for concepts of topological organisation of the motor cortex, since sustained stimulation also induced upward head movements as a component of the vertical gaze shift. [Published with video sequences].
Review of bone graft and bone substitutes with an emphasis on fracture surgeries (2019)

Despite tremendous efforts toward developing autograft alternatives, a single ideal bone graft substitute has not been developed. The surgeon should understand the properties of each bone graft substitute to facilitate appropriate selection in each specific clinical situation.
Two-point correlations of sound pressure in the far-field of a jet: experiment (1976)

Correlation of sound pressure between two microphones yield substantially more information than single microphone data; hence, they provide a useful diagnostics tool for jet noise. In the present experiment, the two microphones were located at (R, θ, φ) and (R, θ, φ′), respectively, in spherical polar coordinates. The jet was directed along the polar axis (θ = 0) with the nozzle at the origin. Two sets of space-time correlation were carried out (1) φ′ = 0; 0 ⩽ θ ⩽ 180°; θ′ = 0, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 135°; (2) φ′ = 0; 0 ⩽ θ ⩽ 180°; θ′ = 0, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 135°. Jet diameters were 1, 2, and 3 in. with a range of nozzle velocities from 500 to 1000 ft/sec, and R/D was 166 for the 1-in. jet. Nineteen carefully phase-matched microphones were employed. Polar plots of these correlations show a definite cusp at the origin (φ = φ′), unlike polar plots of p̄2. among other interesting features.
New types of metallacycles formed by cycloaddition of imines and tert-BuN:O with manganese and rhenium carbyne complexes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew types of metallacycles formed by cycloaddition of imines and tert-BuN:O with manganese and rhenium carbyne complexesBeth M. Handwerker, Kevin E. Garrett, Gregory L. Geoffroy, and Arnold L. RheingoldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1, 369–371Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00183a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00183a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
In vitro and in vivo characterization of the actin polymerizing compound chondramide as an angiogenic inhibitor (2014)

Chondramide diminishes angiogenesis via two ways: (i) the disintegration of stress fibres and (ii) the reduction of promigratory signals. Our findings highlight Ch as a novel class of therapeutic lead compound with anti-angiogenic potential.
BTDAzo - a photoswitchable TRPC5 channel activator (2022)

Photoswitchable reagents to modulate protein activity are powerful tools for high-spatiotemporal-precision control over endogenous biological functions. TRPC5 is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel with distinct tissue-specific roles, ranging from synaptic function to hormone regulation. Achieving spatially-resolved control over TRPC5 activity in particular cells or tissues, and temporal regulation in targeted cells, are therefore crucial milestones towards understanding and harnessing the biology of TRPC5. Here we develop the first photoswitchable TRPC5-modulating reagent, BTDAzo, towards reaching this goal. BTDAzo can photocontrol TRPC5 currents in cell culture, as well as controlling endogenous TRPC5-based neuronal Ca2+ responses in mouse brain slices. BTDAzos are also the first reported azo-benzothiadiazines, an accessible and conveniently derivatised azoheteroarene that features excellent two-colour photoswitching. BTDAzo's TRPC5 control across relevant channel biology settings makes it appropriate for a range of dynamically reversible photoswitching studies in TRP channel biology, aiming to decipher the various biological roles of this centrally important ion channel.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Addition‐Type Alkenylation of Unactivated, Aliphatic C—H Bonds with Alkynes: A Concise Route to Polysubstituted γ‐Butyrolactones. (2015)

Abstract The β‐C(sp 3 )—H bonds of aliphatic amides containing a quinolinyl group [e.g. (I)] are activated by nickel through a chelation.
Pseudo-LiDAR From Visual Depth Estimation: Bridging the Gap in 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving (2019)

3D object detection is an essential task in autonomous driving. Recent techniques excel with highly accurate detection rates, provided the 3D input data is obtained from precise but expensive LiDAR technology. Approaches based on cheaper monocular or stereo imagery data have, until now, resulted in drastically lower accuracies --- a gap that is commonly attributed to poor image-based depth estimation. However, in this paper we argue that it is not the quality of the data but its representation that accounts for the majority of the difference. Taking the inner workings of convolutional neural networks into consideration, we propose to convert image-based depth maps to pseudo-LiDAR representations --- essentially mimicking the LiDAR signal. With this representation we can apply different existing LiDAR-based detection algorithms. On the popular KITTI benchmark, our approach achieves impressive improvements over the existing state-of-the-art in image-based performance --- raising the detection accuracy of objects within the 30m range from the previous state-of-the-art of 22% to an unprecedented 74%. At the time of submission our algorithm holds the highest entry on the KITTI 3D object detection leaderboard for stereo-image-based approaches.
Data Augmentation for Deep Learning-based Radio Modulation Classification (2019)

Deep learning has recently been applied to automatically classify the modulation categories of received radio signals without manual experience. However, training deep learning models requires massive volume of data. An insufficient training data will cause serious overfitting problem and degrade the classification accuracy. To cope with small dataset, data augmentation has been widely used in image processing to expand the dataset and improve the robustness of deep learning models. However, in wireless communication areas, the effect of different data augmentation methods on radio modulation classification has not been studied yet. In this paper, we evaluate different data augmentation methods via a state-of-the-art deep learning-based modulation classifier. Based on the characteristics of modulated signals, three augmentation methods are considered, i.e., rotation, flip, and Gaussian noise, which can be applied in both training phase and inference phase of the deep learning algorithm. Numerical results show that all three augmentation methods can improve the classification accuracy. Among which, the rotation augmentation method outperforms the flip method, both of which achieve higher classification accuracy than the Gaussian noise method. Given only 12.5% of training dataset, a joint rotation and flip augmentation policy can achieve even higher classification accuracy than the baseline with initial 100% training dataset without augmentation. Furthermore, with data augmentation, radio modulation categories can be successfully classified using shorter radio samples, leading to a simplified deep learning model and shorter the classification response time.
(S)-α-Methylbenzylamine (2001)

[2627-86-3] C8H11N (MW 121.20) (resolving agent for carboxylic acids;7-11 determination of enantiomeric purity of carboxylic acids;16, 17 stereospecific reactions of carbonyl compounds;18 reductive amination of carbonyl compounds29, 30) Physical Data: bp 187 °C; d 0.940 g cm−3; [α]D −39° (neat). Solubility: readily sol all organic solvents. Form Supplied in: both enantiomers are commercially available. Analysis of Reagent Purity: the enantiomeric purity of the reagent can be assessed by NMR analysis of the corresponding Mosher’s amide.4 Chiral complexing reagents (such as 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diylphosphoric acid) have also been used in the direct NMR analysis of the reagent.5, 6 Preparative Methods: racemic α-methylbenzylamine has been resolved utilizing chiral acids such as tartaric acid1 and (S)-(−)-carbamalactic acid,2 among others. Several stereospecific syntheses have been reported.3 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable at rt for extended periods of time when stored under nitrogen.
Delegated Credentials for TLS (2020)

The organizational separation between the operator of a TLS server and
the certificate authority that provides it credentials can cause
problems, for example when it comes to reducing the lifetime of
certificates or supporting new cryptographic algorithms. This document
describes a mechanism to allow TLS server operators to create their
own credential delegations without breaking compatibility with clients
that do not support this specification.
Magnetic properties of structure-disordered heavy fermion Ce-Ru alloys (2009)

We have analyzed the magnetic susceptibility on sputtered structure-disordered (a-) CexRu100-x alloys for 15 ≤ x ≤ 80 from 1.8 to 280 K published previously. The magnetic susceptibility χ for x ≥ 39 shows a typical Curie-Weiss paramagnetic behavior in the measurement temperature region. The effective magnetic moment peff is about 1.8 μB for x = 80 and decreases rapidly with decreasing the Ce-concentration (peff ≈ 0.16 μB/Ce-atom, for x = 39). The Weiss temperature θ for the Ce-rich side shows a negative value and the absolute value decreases with decreasing the Ce-concentration. The χ for x < 23 has a very small Curie-Weiss term above 4 K and a large diamagnetic susceptibility has been observed below 4 K, suggesting the superconductivity (Tc = 3.4 K for x = 15). The superconducting transition temperature Tc increases linearly with decreasing the Ce-concentration as shown in the previous resistivity measurement.
Pentoxifylline for Sickle-Cell Disease (2000)

Documentation of the efficacy of pentoxifylline for VOE prevention and treatment of SCD is poor, further studies are needed before its routine use is recommended.
Nanoscale spatial limitations of large-area substrate conformal imprint lithography (2019)

We demonstrate a soft-imprint nanofabrication technique offering nanometer resolution over an area as large as a 150 mm diameter wafer. It makes use of a composite imprint stamp composed of a quaternary siloxane-modified poly-di-methyl-siloxane patterned rubber layer with a relatively high Young's modulus that is laminated on a thin glass support. The in-plane stiffness of the stamp avoids pattern deformation over large areas, while out-of-plane flexibility allows conformal contact to be made over the entire substrate area. The stamp is used in conjunction with a novel tetra-methyl-ortho-siloxane/methyl-tri-methoxy-siloxane sol-gel imprint resist material developed to replicate nanoscale features in rigid silica at room temperature. We demonstrate better than 10 nm resolution in imprinted line gratings and individual pillars with aspect ratio as high as 5:1. Gaps as small as 6 nm can be reproduced. The patterns can be used as an etch mask to pattern 150 mm diameter silicon and quartz substrates while maintaining sub-10 nm resolution.
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Rescue Ischemic Brain by Trophic Effects and Phenotypic Change Toward Neural Cells (2014)

Background. Transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) may contribute to functional recovery after stroke. This study was designed to clarify their mechanisms, trophic effects of neurotrophic factors, and neural differentiation. Methods. Mouse neurons exposed to glutamate were cocultured with mouse BMSCs. Either neutralizing antibodies against brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or nerve growth factor (NGF) or Trk inhibitor K252a was added to explore the mechanism of their protective effects. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to assess BDNF or NGF mRNA expression in BMSCs. The mice were subjected to permanent focal ischemia, and 7 days later, either BMSCs or the vehicle was stereotactically transplanted into the ipsilateral striatum. The mouse brains were processed for FISH and immunostaining 2 or 4 weeks after transplantation. Results. BMSCs significantly ameliorated glutamate-induced neuronal death. Treatment with anti-BDNF antibody significantly reduced their protective effects. FISH analysis showed that the majority of BMSCs expressed BDNF and NGF mRNA in vitro. BMSC transplantation significantly improved the survival of neurons in peri-infarct areas. FISH analysis revealed that approximately half of BMSCs expressed BDNF and NGF mRNA 2 weeks after transplantation; however, the percentage of BDNF and NGF mRNA-positive cells decreased thereafter. Instead, the percentage of microtubule-associated protein 2-positive BMSCs gradually increased during 4 weeks after transplantation. Conclusions. These findings strongly suggest that BDNF may be a key factor underlying the trophic effects of BMSCs. BMSCs might exhibit the trophic effect in the early stage of cell therapy and the phenotypic change toward neural cells thereafter.