gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determining the Optimum Exposure and Recovery Periods for Efficient Operation of a QCM Based Elemental Mercury Vapor Sensor (2015)

In recent years, mass based transducers such as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) have gained huge interest as potential sensors for online detection of elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) vapor from anthropogenic sources due to their high portability and robust nature enabling them to withstand harsh industrial environments. In this study, we determined the optimal Hg 0 exposure and recovery times of a QCM based sensor for ensuring its efficient operation while monitoring low concentrations of Hg 0 vapor (&lt;400 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">b</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">v</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>). The developed sensor was based on an AT-cut quartz substrate and utilized two gold (Au) films on either side of the substrate which functions as the electrodes and selective layer simultaneously. Given the temporal response mechanisms associated with mass based mercury sensors, the experiments involved the variation of Hg 0 vapor exposure periods while keeping the recovery time constant following each exposure and vice versa. The results indicated that an optimum exposure and recovery periods of 30 and 90 minutes, respectively, can be utilized to acquire the highest response magnitudes and recovery rate towards a certain concentration of Hg 0 vapor whilst keeping the time it takes to report an accurate reading by the sensor to a minimum level as required in real-world applications.
Two different genes encode δ-aminolevulinate synthase in humans: nucleotide sequences of cDNAs for the housekeeping and erythroid genes (1990)

Human &-aminolevulinate synthase [Succinyl-CoA:glycine C- succinyltransferase (decarboxylating); EC 2.3.1.37] catalyzes the first committed step of heme biosynthesis in mammals. There are two tissue-specific isozymes (1, 2) of 6-aminolevulinate synthase encoded by different structural genes in chickens (3) and in humans (4). In humans, the housekeeping gene, ALAS 1, maps to chromosome band 3p21 (5, 6) while the erythroid tissue- specific gene, ALAS2, maps to the X chromosome (4, 7, 8). ALAS 1 was cloned from a human adult liver cDNA library (9), kindly provided by S.Orkin, by using mixed oligonucleotide probes corresponding to conserved regions of the published sequences for chicken and yeast ALAS1. ALAS2 was cloned from a human fetal liver library (10), kindly provided by B.Forget, by using a murine erythroid cDNA graciously provided by P.Dierks.
Differential expression of four members of the POU family of proteins in activated and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated Jurkat T cells. (1993)

The POU family of proteins binds specifically to octamer DNA motifs present in the promoters of several genes and regulates their expression. We identified the presence of four members of the POU family of proteins, Oct-1, Oct-2, Oct-T1, and Oct-T2, in the human T-cell line Jurkat. To obtain insight into the physiological role played by these proteins in T cells, we studied the time course of expression of these genes in resting, activated, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated cells. The expression of the gene encoding Oct-1 (now assigned the name OTF1 for octamer-binding transcription factor 1) remained unchanged and the levels of Oct-T2 mRNA decreased with increasing time of incubation to undetectable amounts in all three states of T-cell growth. The levels of Oct-2 mRNA and protein were increased in activated cells, were increased to a lesser extent in the PMA-treated cells, and were undetectable in resting cells. The levels of the Oct-T1 transcripts increased dramatically in PMA-treated cells but not in resting or activated cells. Sequence analysis of the Oct-T1 cDNA showed an open reading frame coding for a POU domain-containing protein of 42.7 kDa. Transient transfection of the gene encoding Oct-T1 decreased the activity of the interleukin 2 gene promoter in activated Jurkat cells. Further, there is evidence for an additional octamer-binding protein, Oct-T3, in Jurkat T cells.
Part-of-Speech Relevance Weights for Learning Word Embeddings (2016)

This paper proposes a model to learn word embeddings with weighted contexts based on part-of-speech (POS) relevance weights. POS is a fundamental element in natural language. However, state-of-the-art word embedding models fail to consider it. This paper proposes to use position-dependent POS relevance weighting matrices to model the inherent syntactic relationship among words within a context window. We utilize the POS relevance weights to model each word-context pairs during the word embedding training process. The model proposed in this paper paper jointly optimizes word vectors and the POS relevance matrices. Experiments conducted on popular word analogy and word similarity tasks all demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
High-Dimensional Analysis of Single-Cell Flow Cytometry Data Predicts Relapse in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (2020)

Artificial intelligence methods may help in unveiling information that is hidden in high-dimensional oncological data. Flow cytometry studies of haematological malignancies provide quantitative data with the potential to be used for the construction of response biomarkers. Many computational methods from the bioinformatics toolbox can be applied to these data, but they have not been exploited in their full potential in leukaemias, specifically for the case of childhood B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. In this paper, we analysed flow cytometry data that were obtained at diagnosis from 56 paediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia patients from two local institutions. Our aim was to assess the prognostic potential of immunophenotypical marker expression intensity. We constructed classifiers that are based on the Fisher's Ratio to quantify differences between patients with relapsing and non-relapsing disease. We also correlated this with genetic information. The main result that arises from the data was the association between subexpression of marker CD38 and the probability of relapse.
Inner defect depth detection using a multifrequency alternating current potential drop technique (2016)

The alternating current potential drop technique is usually used to monitor surface defects in metal structures by taking advantage of the skin effect. However, defects often occur in the inner walls of oil or gas pipes as a result of corrosion or erosion. In this work, a multifrequency exciting current is injected into a defective pipe to obtain a series of potential drop values. The magnitude of the potential drop decreases with decreasing frequency and finally tends toward a stable value. The trend of the potential drop is related to the depth of the defect. A general solution for calculating defect depth using this multifrequency alternating current potential drop technique is given.
Self-assembly of iron oxide precursor micelles driven by magnetic stirring time in sol–gel coatings (2019)

The purpose of this work is to fabricate self-assembled microstructures by the sol-gel method and study the morphological, structural and compositional dependence of ε-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles embedded in silica when glycerol (GLY) and cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) are added as steric agents simultaneously. The combined action of a polyalcohol and a surfactant significantly modifies the morphology of the sample giving rise to a different microstructure in each of the studied cases (1, 3 and 7 days of magnetic stirring time). This is due to the fact that the addition of these two compounds leads to a considerable increase in gelation time as GLY can interact with the alkoxide group on the surface of the iron oxide precursor micelle and/or be incorporated into the hydrophilic chains of CTAB. This last effect causes the iron oxide precursor micelles to be interconnected forming aggregates whose size and structure depend on the magnetic stirring time of the sol-gel synthetic route. In this paper, crystalline structure, composition, purity and morphology of the sol-gel coatings densified at 960 °C are examined. Emphasis is placed on the nominal percentage of the different iron oxides found in the samples and on the morphological and structural differences. This work implies the possibility of patterning ε-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles in coatings and controlling their purity by an easy one-pot sol-gel method.
A force–displacement relation based on the JKR theory for DEM simulations of adhesive particles (2023)

Studying the collective behavior of adhesive particles with the discrete element method (DEM) requires well-founded force–displacement relations (force models). While the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) theory reliably predicts the dependence of the contact radius a on the force F, it has remained a challenge in this framework to obtain a straightforward force–displacement relation F(δ) with physically meaningful parameters to calculate the force F from the displacement δ. We derive a novel force–displacement relation from the JKR theory as a composition of functions F(δ)=(F∘a∘λ)(δ), with the intermediate functions contact radius a(λ) and effective adhesive contact radius λ(δ). We also analyze contact geometry errors in the Hertz and JKR models, derive the exact contact centroid to accurately calculate contact torques and relative tangential velocities, and propose a smoothed JKR model to avoid discontinuities in force and energy. We find that incorrect torques and relative tangential velocities are obtained when the stiffness quotient is neglected because it affects the exact location of the contact centroid. We also find that contact geometry errors can become non-negligible for nanoparticles due to their large relative contact size. In addition, we show from bouncing ball simulations that the JKR models with a nominal coefficient of restitution derived for the Hertz model result in higher damping and thus reduced actual coefficients of restitution. Our analysis serves as a foundation for contact-mechanics-based force models for DEM simulations of adhesive particles to investigate their collective behavior in the future.
Survival of K+ permeability and gating currents in squid axons perfused with K+-free media. (1980)

K+ currents were recorded in squid axons internally perfused with impermeant electrolyte. Total absence of permeant ions inside and out leads to an irreversible loss of potassium conductance with a time constant of approximately 11 min at 8 degrees C. Potassium channels can be protected against this effect by external K+, Cs+, NH4+, and Rb+ at concentrations of 100-440 mM. These experiments suggest that a K+ channel is normally occupied by one or more small cations, and becomes nonfunctional when these cations are removed. A large charge movement said to be related to K+ channel gating in frog skeletal muscle is absent in squid giant axons. However, deliberate destruction of K+ conductance by removal of permeant cations is accompanied by measurable loss in asymmetric charge movement. This missing charge component is large enough to contain a contribution from K+ gating charge movements of more than five elementary charges per channel.
Gene Expression Profiling of Desmoid Tumors by cDNA Microarrays and Correlation with Progression-Free Survival (2015)

By analyzing expression profiles, we have identified a gene-expression signature that is able to predict PFS. This tool may be useful for prospective clinical studies.
Transketolase is involved in the control of Sigma B during chronic infection by Staphylococcus aureus (2019)

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of both acute and chronic infections in humans. Its ability to persist within host cells is thought to play an important role in chronicity and treatment failures. The importance of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) during S. aureus chronic infection is currently largely unexplored. Here, we focused on one key PPP enzyme, transketolase. We showed that inactivation of the unique gene encoding transketolase activity in S. aureus USA300 (Δ tkt ) led to an impaired growth in broth. Using time-lapse video imaging, we correlated this phenotype with a defect in early intracellular proliferation compared to wild-type strain. As determined by metabolomic analysis, tkt inactivation also had an important impact on S. aureus metabolism. We then monitored long-term intracellular persistence over 10 days by counting of viable bacteria. Unexpectedly for such a slow-growing strain, the Δ tkt mutant was almost completely eliminated by endothelial cells after ten days, as opposed to a prototypical slow-growing Δ hemDBL mutant for which we recovered 1,000 fold more viable bacteria. We found that in infected cells, the transcriptional activity of the two master regulators Sigma B and RpiRc was drastically reduced in the Δ tkt mutant compared to wild-type strain. Concomitantly, RNAIII transcription was strongly increased. This transcriptional profile is likely to explain the inability of this slow-growing mutant to sustain long-term intracellular survival, suggesting that TKT -or a functional PPP-is required for intracellular bacteria to enable a transcriptional program geared towards persistence. Importance Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of severe bacterial infections. This bacterium is readily internalized by non-professional phagocytes and infected cells have been proposed to play an important role in chronic infections and treatment failures. Here, we show the importance of the unique transketolase TKT of S. aureus USA300 in bacterial adaptation during chronic intracellular infection. We show that TKT is mandatory for the metabolomic homeostasis of S. aureus during intracellular persistence. This work unravels the critical role of TKT in the transcriptional regulation of the master regulators Sigma B, RpiRc and RNAIII linking the pentose phosphate pathway to the control of chronic S. aureus infections.
Admittance Spectroscopy Up to 67 GHz in InGaAs/InAlAs Triple-Barrier Resonant Tunneling Diodes (2022)

S-parameters of InGaAs/InAlAs triple-barrier resonant tunneling diodes (TBRTDs) were measured up to 67 GHz with various mesa areas and various bias voltages. Admittance data of bare TBRTDs are deembedded and evaluated by getting rid of parasitic components with help of electromagnetic simulations for particular fabricated device structures. Admittance spectroscopy up to 67 GHz is applied for bare TBRTDs for the first time and a Kramers-Kronig relation with Lorentzian function is found to be a consistent model for the admittance especially in cases of low bias conditions. Relaxation time included in the Lorentzian function are tentatively evaluated as the order of several pico second.
Mobile positioning location using E-OTD method for GSM network (2005)

Today's rapidly evolving positioning location technology can be possible to determine the geographical position of mobile phone. This is related to many new services of the next revolution mobile communication system. It is important to find out what location technology is suitable for operating on GSM network. However a success of service must concern with the lowest possible cost and minimal impact on the network infrastructure and subscriber equipment because GSM system were not originally designed for positioning. Thus we present to study of the E-OTD location technology for improving accuracy and service stability.
The role of O-6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in drug resistance and strategies for its inhibition. (1991)

The marginal level of clinical responses to the Chloroethylnitrosoureas (CENU, i.e. BCNU, CCNU, MeCCNU) suggests that there may exist an innate mechanism of resistance in tumors to these chemotherapeutic agents. A decade of research from many laboratories around the world has led to the identification of the mechanisms for tumor cell resistance to the CENU. The ability to prevent the formation of DNA interstrand crosslinks, thought to be the critical lethal lesion induced by these agents, is accomplished in a majority of human tumors by the unique DNA repair protein O-6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). This review addresses the identification of this mechanism of resistance to therapy, and chemotherapeutic strategies to inhibit this DNA repair system, in an attempt to sensitize resistant tumors to the CENU.
Predictive resource allocation for flexible loads with local QoS (2020)

Loads that can vary their power consumption without violating their Quality of service (QoS), that is flexible loads, are an invaluable resource for grid operators. Utilizing flexible loads as a resource requires the grid operator to incorporate them into a resource allocation problem. Since flexible loads are often consumers, for concerns of privacy it is desirable for this problem to have a distributed implementation. Technically, this distributed implementation manifests itself as a time varying convex optimization problem constrained by the QoS of each load. In the literature, a time invariant form of this problem without all of the necessary QoS metrics for the flexible loads is often considered. Moving to a more realistic setup introduces additional technical challenges, due to the problems' time-varying nature. In this work, we develop an algorithm to account for the challenges introduced when considering a time varying setup with appropriate QoS metrics.
Hot electron science in plasmonics and catalysis: what we argue about (2019)

Hot electron photochemistry has made strong claims for improved control of chemical reactions. Here I discuss these claims in the light of a plethora of model experiments and theories, asking what are the key issues to solve. I particularly highlight the need to understand nanoscale thermal hot-spots, thermal gradients, and thermal transport, as well as the conventional optical confinement in plasmonics. I note how the 'direct electron transfer' process seems to dominate, and resembles well known 'indirect excitons' in semiconductor quantum wells. I believe a crucial advance still required is a prototype nano-confined geometry which allows reactants and products to access a well-controlled metallic atomic surface.
Enhanced Production of Pediocin PA-1 and Coproduction of Nisin and Pediocin PA-1 by Lactococcus lactis (1999)

The production and secretion of class II bacteriocins share a number of features that allow the interchange of genetic determinants between certain members of this group of antimicrobial peptides. Lactococcus lactis IL1403 encodes translocatory functions able to recognize and mediate secretion of lactococcin A. The ability of this strain to also produce the pediococcal bacteriocin pediocin PA-1, has been demonstrated previously by the introduction of a chimeric gene, composed of sequences encoding the leader of lactococcin A and the mature part of pediocin PA-1 (N. Horn, M. I. Martínez, J. M. Martínez, P. E. Hernández, M. J. Gasson, J. M. Rodríguez, and H. M. Dodd, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:818-823, 1998). This heterologous expression system has been developed further with the introduction of the lactococcin A-dedicated translocatory function genes, lcnC and lcnD, and their effect on bacteriocin yields in various lactococcal hosts was assessed. The copy number of lcnC and lcnD influenced production levels, as did the particular strain employed as host. Highest yields were achieved with L. lactis IL1403, which generated pediocin PA-1 at a level similar to that for the parental strain, Pediococcus acidilactici 347, representing a significant improvement over previous systems. The genetic determinants required for production of pediocin PA-1 were introduced into the nisin-producing strain L. lactis FI5876, where both pediocin PA-1 and nisin A were simultaneously produced. The implications of coproduction of these two industrially relevant antimicrobial agents by a food-grade organism are discussed.
Laser radar development (1998)

This paper discusses the trends in laser radar development. Applications include reconnaissance and targeting from airborne and spaceborne platforms. A multifunction airborne sensor system, which includes a laser radar function with many modes, is defined. A multidiscriminant space borne laser radar is also described and its feasibility is assessed. A number proposed and existing Air Force programs to develop laser radar technology are described.
Surgical Resection of an Arteriovenous Malformation (2021)

Resection of a large arteriovenous malformation can be one of the most challenging surgical procedures in vascular anomalies. Although the problem of hemostasis draws the most attention, reducing the high recurrence rate after surgery is the true challenge. The technical principles of surgery are the same as for any other resection, but surgery must be guided by an understanding of the unique biology and anatomy of arteriovenous malformation.
The evolution of uncoupling protein 1‐mediated nonshivering thermogenesis in vertebrates (2008)

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)‐mediated nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) is a complex trait enabling modern eutherian mammals to maintain physiological functions despite fluctuations in ambient temperature. We aimed to shed light on the molecular evolution of NST and searched for UCPs in representative members of the major vertebrate groups. In contrast to previous expectations, we demonstrated the emergence of the UCP1 gene before the divergence of teleost fish and terrestrial vertebrates about 420 million yr ago. Although the physiological role of UCP1 in the fish liver may be other than heat production, fish UCP1 already displays an uncoupling function with similar biochemical characteristics as found in mammals. During evolution the prerogatives for UCP1‐mediated NST were set by changing the tissue‐specific expression of UCP1. In marsupials, which separated from eutherians about 150 million yr ago, we found cold‐induced gene expression in adipose tissue providing the molecular basis for NST. The thermogenic function of UCP1, however, must have evolved at least 100 million yr ago as functional brown adipose tissue could be identified in an Afrotherian species. The reconstruction of the evolutionary events resulting in UCP1‐mediated NST opens an exiting field to gain further insights into the regulation, integration and the molecular mechanisms underlying UCP1.
Acylation of Ambident Vinylogous Urethanes Exocyclic to Thiazolidines and Reduced Thiazines (2006)

The vinylogous thiazine urethanes 1 are invariably acylated on carbon and not on nitrogen, even when the carbon is “blocked” as in 18. The analogous thiazolidine 2 is acylated either on carbon or nitrogen, depending on the electrophile used.
Simultaneous introduction of scattering and pinning in organic rare-earth salt doped MgB2tapes (2010)

MgB2 tapes with organic rare-earth salt additions were prepared by the in situ powder-in-tube processing method. Compared to the undoped tapes, the transport Jc are greatly improved by organic rare-earth salt doping. In addition, magnetization measurements showed an enhancement of flux pinning. Organic rare-earth salt doping not only enhances the upper critical field by increasing electron scattering, but also introduces precipitates and structural defects to improve the flux pinning. The results suggest that organic rare-earth salt has to be considered as a promising dopant for enhancing the current capacity of MgB2 conductors.