gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of fetal adrenalectomy at 110 days gestational age on AVP and CRH mRNA expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the ovine fetus (1998)

AVP and CRH produced in the parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) have both been implicated in the regulation of anterior pituitary ACTH synthesis and secretion. In sheep, fetal ACTH secretion increases around 120 days gestational age (dGA). Little is known about adrenal regulation of AVP and CRH immediately prior to this critical period. We investigated the effects of adrenalectomy and subsequent cortisol (F) administration on PVN AVP and CRH mRNA in the fetal sheep PVN at 109-125 dGA. At 109-113 dGA, fetal sheep adrenals were removed (ADX)(n = 8); or sham surgery performed (CONT)(n = 4). From day 6 post ADX, maternal plasma cortisol and fetal plasma ACTH and cortisol levels were determined daily by radioimmunoassays. From day 7 post ADX, cortisol (4 micrograms/min) was continuously infused intravenously to four ADX fetuses (ADX + F). Fetal hypothalami were collected at 123-125 dGA, and studied by in-situ hybridization and quantitative autoradiography for AVP and CRH mRNA. Plasma cortisol levels remained low in CONT and ADX fetuses (< 4.9 ng/ml), while during cortisol infusion to ADX + F fetuses, plasma F increased to 16.4 +/- 2.2 and 22.3 +/- 3.2 ng/ml (mean +/- S.E.M.) on day 10 and 13, respectively. Plasma ACTH levels increased significantly in ADX compared with CONT fetuses. This ACTH increase was completely suppressed in ADX + F fetuses. AVP mRNA abundance in the whole PVN was the same in all three groups, however, a separate analysis of AVP mRNA abundance in parvocellular and magnocellular regions of the PVN revealed that AVP mRNA in the parvocellular PVN showed a significant increase in ADX and suppression in ADX + F fetuses when compared to CONT. AVP mRNA in the magnocellular PVN remained unchanged. PVN CRH mRNA expression was augmented in ADX and suppressed in ADX + F when compared to CONT fetuses. We conclude that in fetal sheep at 109-125 dGA: AVP and CRH mRNA abundance in the parvocellular region of the PVN are increased by adrenalectomy and that cortisol inhibits this increase.
Role of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide in Stabilization of Cytoskeleton of Chicken Muscle Cell (1968)

SUMMARY Aging of muscle had previously been shown in our laboratory to increase the propensity of properly treated muscle cell segments to empty on extraction with water. It has been suggested that this emptying is caused by breakdown of a cytoskeleton, and, further, that this cytoskeleton is stabilized by flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Due to the possible relationship of cytoskeletal breakdown to quality changes in meat post‐mortem, the role of FAD in the preservation of cytoskeletal structure in chicken breast muscle was studied. No significant differences in FAD decomposition or extraction were found between samples handled in a manner such as to produce very large differences in the extent of emptying, the measure of cytoskeletal breakdown. Similarly, adding FAD to suspensions of muscle cell segments could not inhibit emptying under conditions where the supernatant fraction of a muscle homogenate could. It was concluded that FAD plays no role in the stabilization of the cytoskeleton of chicken breast muscle.
Cobalt‐induced polycythaemia causing right ventricular hypertrophy and ascites in meat‐type chickens (1994)

Summary Cobalt increases the red cell mass in both man and animals by increasing the production of erythropoietin. Since meat‐type chickens can develop pulmonary hypertension from increased erythropoiesis and polycythaemia, two trials were conducted to investigate the role of cobalt on broiler chicken erythropoiesis and pulmonary hypertension. The results showed that feeding cobaltous chloride at 500 parts/106 to meat‐type chickens from 1‐day‐old for 42 days significantly increased haemoglobin content and, to a lesser extent red blood cell count, and haematocrit. No effect was observed on mean corpuscular volume. Increased haemoglobin content was linearly correlated with pulmonary hypertension as measured by the right ventricle weight to total ventricle weight ratio (RV:TV). Levels of malondialde‐hyde in cardiac tissue were also correlated with the RV:TV ratio, suggesting that peroxidative damage may be related to ventricular hypertrophy. Chickens fed cobalt showed a significantly higher incidence of right ventricular hypertrophy and right ventricular failure and 18.3% developed ascites.
Preparation of Resolved Fourfold Symmetric Amphiphilic Helices Using Chiral Metallacrown Building Blocks (2002)

Die Konfiguration des Liganden bestimmt die Struktur der Helix: Koordination einer Kette aus [15]Metallakrone-5-Komplexen mit Phenylalaninhydroxamsäure-Grundgerüst resultiert in einer amphiphilen Metallohelix mit 41-Schraubenachse. Die Verwendung des L-Isomers der Säure ergibt die rechtshändige Helix (siehe linke Struktur), während das D-Isomer zur Spiegelbildstruktur führt.
Methods of Measuring Enzyme Activity Ex Vivo and In Vivo (2018)

Enzymes catalyze a variety of biochemical reactions in the body and, in conjunction with transporters and receptors, control virtually all physiological processes. There is great value in measuring enzyme activity ex vivo and in vivo. Spatial and temporal differences or changes in enzyme activity can be related to a variety of natural and pathological processes. Several analytical approaches have been developed to meet this need. They can be classified broadly as methods either based on artificial substrates, with the goal of creating images of diseased tissue, or based on natural substrates, with the goal of understanding natural processes. This review covers a selection of these methods, including optical, magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and physical sampling approaches, with a focus on creative chemistry and method development that make ex vivo and in vivo measurements of enzyme activity possible.
Role of GPR40/120 omega‐3 fatty acid receptors on barrier function of airway epithelial cells (2018)

The airway epithelium serves as a physical barrier, whose integrity is maintained by tight junctions. Disruption of epithelial barrier function leads to increased permeability of harmful particles and pathogens, causing the development of various airway diseases. G protein‐coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and G protein‐coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) have been discovered as receptors of omega‐3 fatty acids, and activation of these receptors induces AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which is known to promote tight junction assembly. This study aimed to investigate the effect of omega‐3 fatty acid receptors, namely GPR40 and GPR120, on tight junction integrity of airway epithelial cells (Calu‐3 cells). Cell junctional assembly was measured by calcium switch assays and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) analyses. We found that GW9508, an agonist of GPR40/120, promoted tight junction assembly of airway epithelial cells. This effect was abolished by specific antagonists of GPR40 and GPR120. In addition, the enhancement of airway barrier function by GPR40/120 agonist was mediated via a phospholipase C‐ calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK)‐AMPK pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that activation of GPR40/120 has a beneficial effect in promoting airway epithelial barrier integrity and may be of therapeutic potential in airway diseases resulting from airway epithelial disruption including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by Thailand Research Fund and Mahidol University (Grant BRG5980008), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, and Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University (Tonkla Ramathibodi Project). This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Imaging rheumatic joint diseases with anti-T lymphocyte antibody OKT-3 (1994)

T lymphocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Murine monoclonal antibody OKT-3 (IgG2a), known to be specific for T lymphocyte 20 kD glycoprotein CD3 receptor was labelled with 5 mCi 99Tcm and given intravenously (i.v.) to seven RA and two psoriatic arthritis patients following informed consent to identify inflamed synovium. Anterior and posterior whole body scans and specific regional imaging was commenced 20 min later. At 1 h, approximately 20% of 99Tcm was associated with the lymphocytes. In these patients, all 41 asymptomatic joints and 43 joints with mild pain or minimal tenderness had normal scans. All 34 joints with moderate to severe pain had moderate to marked uptake of radioactivity. Two patients experienced shaking chills for 20-30 min within an hour of 99Tcm-OKT-3 infusion. These results suggest that 99Tcm-OKT-3 imaging serves as an objective surrogate for joint inflammation and could be useful as a measurement of therapeutic effectiveness in RA and other diseases with inflamed synovium. The side effect profile may limit the utility of 99Tcm-OKT-3 but other forms of antibodies directed toward lymphocyte subsets may be useful.
Retracted Article: Facile synthesis of quantum dots/mesoporous silica/quantum dots core/shell/shell hybrid microspheres for ratiometric fluorescence detection of 5-fluorouracil in human serum (2013)

Compared to single photoluminescence (PL) intensity-based sensors, dual-emitting-based ratiometric PL sensors are more preferable because the influence from PL fluctuation in the reagents and background PL can be reduced to a minimum. However, so far no report has been directed to the ratiometric PL detection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In this study, for the first time, high-quality quantum dots (QD1)/mesoporous silica (SiO2)/quantum dots (QD2) core/shell/shell hybrid microspheres (QD1/SiO2/QD2) were prepared by self-assembly, and further developed toward a ratiometric PL sensor of 5-FU. The addition of 5-FU induced regular PL quenching of QD2, but hardly influenced on the PL of QD1 in the microspheres. Based on the linear relationship (R = -0.9994) between the ratiometric PL intensity (IQD2/IQD1) and the molar concentration of 5-FU (0-1 μM), a ratiometric PL sensor for 5-FU was achieved and displays a low limit of detection (20 nM). Experimental results testified that this sensor for the detection of 5-FU in human serum samples was highly sensitive and selective over other inorganic ions and biological molecules. Compared with conventional analysis techniques and other spectrofluorimetric methods reported previously, this proposed ratiometric PL sensor could be a good candidate for the highly efficient detection of 5-FU.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrorefining in Molten Salts ‐ An Effective Method of High Purity Tantalum, Hafnium and Scandium Metal Production. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-resolution two-photon transcranial imaging of brain using direct wavefront sensing (2020)

Abstract Imaging of the brain in its native state at high resolution poses major challenges to visualization techniques. Two-photon microscopy integrated with the thinned-skull or optical clearing skull technique provides a minimally invasive tool for in vivo imaging of the cortex of mice without activating immune response and inducing brain injury. However, the imaging contrast and resolution are severely compromised by the optical heterogeneity of the skull, limiting the imaging depth to the superficial layer. Here, we develop adaptive optics two-photon microscopy for high-resolution transcranial imaging of layer 5 pyramidal neurons up to 700 μm below pia in living mice. In particular, an optimized configuration of imaging system and new wavefront sensing algorithm are proposed for accurate correction for the aberrations induced by the skull window and brain tissue. We investigated microglia-plaque interaction in living brain of Alzheimer’s disease and demonstrated high-precision laser dendrotomy and single-spine ablation.
Chloroplast Ultrastructure And Absorption Properties Of The Alga Phaeocystis Antarctica Karsten: A Qualitative Study Using Electron Tomography (1999)

Abstract Understanding the light-harvesting properties of algae and higher plants are a fundamental topic in photosynthesis research. Much oceanographic research has focused on characterizing the in vivo chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficient, a*ph (λ) in phytoplankton because it serves as an input variable for bio-optical modeling of photosynthesis using remote sensing instrumentation such as moorings, drifters, and satellites. Values of a*ph (λ) vary spectrally and the magnitude depends on accessory pigments, photo-protective pigments, and pigment packaging effects. Several studies have shown that the contribution of cellular characteristics to a*ph(λ) varies with growth conditions including temperature, light, and nutrients. It has been shown that a*ph (λ) values in Phaeocystis vary predictably at 4°C over light intensities under light limitation. Phaeocystis demonstrated significant pigment package effects that depended on single cell diameter and thylakoid membrane stacking. Using thick sections obtained from fixed and embedded cultures of colonial P. antarctica, we calculated tomographic reconstructions of individual chloroplasts under light-limiting conditions for net photosynthesis in order to gain an understanding of the continuity of thylakoid membranes and understand the spatial relationship between the pyrenoid, the starch containing organelle, and thylakoid membranes.
Ultrastable Rhodamine with Cucurbituril (2005)

Exceptionally stable aqueous dye solutions, resistant towards aggregation as well as unspecific adsorption to material surfaces, and with improved photostability, in particular at high levels of irradiation, are obtained when the supramolecular host cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) is added to a rhodamine 6G solution. Complexation by CB7 (see picture) increases the fluorescence lifetime because of the low polarizability inside the cucurbituril cavity.
The Fractional Order Fourier Transform and its Application to Quantum Mechanics (1980)

Journal Article The Fractional Order Fourier Transform and its Application to Quantum Mechanics Get access VICTOR NAMIAS VICTOR NAMIAS Department of Physics, Purdue University CalumetHammond, Indiana, 46323, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics, Volume 25, Issue 3, March 1980, Pages 241–265, https://doi.org/10.1093/imamat/25.3.241 Published: 01 March 1980 Article history Received: 03 May 1979 Revision received: 27 November 1979 Published: 01 March 1980
Neurophysiological examination of end-plate function in patients with lung cancer. (1995)

Twenty-eight patients affected by lung cancer were studied with neurophysiological and clinical examinations to show the prevalence of alteration of neuromuscular transmission. During repetitive stimulation at 20 Hz we found in 6 cases (22%) an increment (> 20%) and in 4 cases a decrement ( > 10%) of the size of muscle action potentials. In 15 patients (57%) we found low sensory action potential amplitude (< 11 uv). In 3 (11%) of the 6 cases with incremental response the overall examination suggested a disorder of neuromuscular junction such as Eaton-Lambert syndrome. Our results suggest that the peripheral nervous system involvement in patients affected by lung cancer is higher than usually estimated.
The Formation of Green Rust and Its Transformation to Lepidocrocite (1994)

Abstract The formation of Fe II,III hydoxy salts (green rusts) from Fe II sulphate and chloride solutions and their transformation to lepidocrocite, γ-FeOOH, was studied at ambient temperature, constant pH of ∼7.0 and under controlled air flow. The formation of green rust and its subsequent transformation to lepidocrocite could be distinguished by the reaction rate and solution chemistry. The SO 4 2− and Cl − concentrations in solution attain a minimum at the break between the two reaction steps and are completely restored to their initial values after complete transformation to lepidocrocite. While the green rust is being formed, its Fe II /Fe III ratio shows a minor decrease and its Fe III /anion ratio a minor increase. These ratios, however, deviate from the ideal pyroaurite-type structure ( M 2+ / M 3+ = 3; M 3+ / A − = 1; M : metal; A − : anion) and possibilities to accommodate this deviation are discussed. A period during which no protons were produced (i.e. no base consumed) was found to separate the two reactions in the chloride, but not in the sulphate system. During this period a partial solid state oxidation of the green rust took place, leading to its destabilization and eventual decomposition.
[The treatment of deep venous thrombosis with low-molecular-weight heparin]. (1995)

The authors, via a long review of published studies, show that low-molecular weight heparin, with early start of antivitamin K, is actually the treatment of choice in thromboembolic disease.
Open multi-session and multi-task EEG cognitive Dataset for passive brain-computer Interface Applications (2023)

Brain-Computer Interfaces and especially passive Brain-Computer interfaces (pBCI), with their ability to estimate and monitor user mental states, are receiving increasing attention from both the fundamental research and the applied research and development communities. Testing new pipelines and benchmarking classifiers and feature extraction algorithms is central to further research within this domain. Unfortunately, data sharing in pBCI research is still scarce. The COG-BCI database encompasses the recordings of 29 participants over 3 separate sessions with 4 different tasks (MATB, N-Back, PVT, Flanker) designed to elicit different mental states, for a total of over 100 hours of open EEG data. This dataset was validated on a subjective, behavioral and physiological level, to ensure its usefulness to the pBCI community. Furthermore, a proof of concept is given with an example of mental workload estimation pipeline and results, to ensure that the data can be used for the design and evaluation of pBCI pipelines. This body of work presents a large effort to promote the use of pBCIs in an open science framework.
Implementation and comparison of four different boundary detection algorithms for quantitative ultrasonic measurements of the human carotid artery (1997)

In this paper we examine four algorithms for automated ultrasonic boundary detection, and describe the application of these algorithms to the quantification of the intima-media thickness (IMT) in the human carotid artery. The first algorithm uses a dynamic programming approach to identify the boundary that minimizes a certain cost function. The second algorithm is based on finding points of maximum gradient. The third algorithm employs a mathematical model describing the intensity profile perpendicular to the two boundaries defining the IMT. The last algorithm is based on defining a template representing the intensity profile across boundary and applying a matched filter procedure to find the image region that best matches it. The authors also present a quantitative and qualitative comparison between the four algorithms examined. It is shown that the dynamic programming algorithm provides superior performance in terms of accuracy and robustness. The correlation coefficients between automated measurements and manually obtained reference values were 0.96, 0.94, 0.63, and 0.85 for the dynamic programming, the maximum gradient the model-based, and the matched filter algorithm, respectively (n=30).
Supplementary Figures S1 to S7 from Pilot Study of ONCOS-102 and Pembrolizumab: Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment and Clinical Outcomes in Anti–PD-1–Resistant Advanced Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figures&lt;/p&gt;
Joint Spectrum, Carrier, and DOA Estimation With Beamforming MWC Sampling System (2022)

The joint estimation of the spectrum, carrier, and direction of arrival (DOA) is significant in radar, sonar, wireless communications, and cognitive radio systems. The traditional parameter measurement methods based on the Shannon&#x2013;Nyquist theorem require very high sampling rates, which put a lot of pressure on sampling, processing, and storage devices. In this article, novel beamforming modulated wideband converter (BMWC) system for joint estimation of the spectrum, carrier, and DOA is proposed to improve the robustness of estimation and reduce structural complexity. From the spatial signal model of array MWC, combined with the spatial filtering and signal enhancement characteristics of adaptive beamforming, the spatial target signals are focused and separated to enhance the robustness of the system. Due to the spatial filtering of beamforming, the MWC structure only needs to reconstruct one signal at a time. The number of channels of MWC connected to each antenna gets rid of the dependence on the number of signals. We utilize the MWC channel expansion technology, which makes it possible to reconstruct the signal well even when each receiving antenna is only connected to a single MWC channel. Compared with previous works, the proposed system enhances the sparsity property of the signals and greatly simplifies the MWC structure. Simulation and hardware experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Total synthesis based on the originally claimed structure of mucosin (2016)

The first total synthesis aimed at the naturally occurring eicosanoid bicycle mucosin is reported. A practical route has been devised allowing the issues relating to the previous assignment of stereochemistry to be examined. X-ray crystallography was performed on a late stage intermediate to pinpoint the topological relationship displayed by the featured bicyclo[4.3.0]non-3-ene scaffold.
Depleted mantle wedge and sediment fingerprint in unusual basalts from the Manihiki plateau, central Pacific Ocean: Comment and Reply: REPLY (2007)

The validity of two 40Ar/39Ar ages presented in our recent paper on the Manihiki Plateau ([Ingle et al., 2007][1]) is questioned by [Baksi (2008)][2]. We welcome the opportunity to clarify the strengths and weaknesses of the data underpinning these ages.

Very little is known about the geochemistry
The dimerization of 1‐alkynes by rhodium(I) catalysts. Effect of phosphorus ligands on regioselectivity (1977)

Abstract The dimerization of 1‐alkynes by rhodium(I) complexes in the presence of phosphorus ligands is described. The products are linear and branched dimers, the ratio of which is correlated with the electronic parameters, v CO of Ni(CO) 3 L, of the ligands L, but no simple correlation is apparent between their steric parameter and the selectivity. Electron‐donating ligands promote the formation of the linear dimer. The substituents of the 1‐alkynes also affect the distribution of linear and branched dimers. Electron‐donating substituents prefer linear isomer to branched one. The reactivity of the substituted 1‐alkynes (RCCH) increased with substituent R in the order
Immediate, Early and Late Failure after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: How to Deal with the Inoperable? (2016)

SAVR after previous TAVI will become increasingly relevant. Due to the increasing use of TAVI in medium- or lower-risk patients, adequate strategies must be established since, in comparison to multimorbid patients, not taking action in these patients is not an option. Due to potentially high-risk patients and unique technical implications, SAVR after TAVI differs from conventional (redo) AVR. Under optimal conditions, acceptable survival rates can be achieved, but effective interdisciplinary approaches are essential.