gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micrometastasis of breast cancer in the sentinel lymph nodes (2010)

The surgical procedure for early breast cancer patients with negative axillary lymph nodes has changed from routine axillary clearance to a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The presence of metastatic lymph nodes and the number of involved lymph nodes helps to determine the appropriate adjuvant systemic therapy. The significance of micrometastasis in the sentinel lymph nodes has been the subject of much debate, because the prognostic and therapeutic implication of micrometastasis to these lymph nodes remains unclear. This study retrospectively evaluated the clinical features of breast cancer patients with axillary micrometastasis. Two hundred and eighteen patients with early stage breast cancer underwent surgery including a SLNB between June 1996 and April 2009. A total 201 of SLNB procedures were successful and analyzed. The median follow-up was 37.7 months. A metastatic lesion was located in sentinel lymph nodes in 39 (19.4%) patients. The sentinel lymph nodes contained micrometastases in 9 of 201 patients (4.5%). Metastatic foci in non-sentinel lymph nodes were detected as macrometastases in one patient with micrometastases. None of the patients with micrometastases developed local recurrence or distant metastasis. The results suggest that avoiding an axillary lymph node dissection was not appropiate for a patient with micrometastases in the sentinel lymph nodes.
Further Testing of an “Iron-Cored” HTS Synchronous Generator Cooled by Liquid Air (2010)

The systematic performance test program of the 100 kW iron-core HTS synchronous generator has been underway since 2007 at the University of Southampton. The early measurements were conducted at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 K) and sub-cooled liquid nitrogen close to its triple point (63 K). Further measurements at these operating temperatures for both open circuit and loaded configurations have enabled us to confirm the machine's synchronous reactance. Circulating liquid air through the closed loop cooling system enabled us to lower the rotor temperature down to 61.7 K and boost the critical current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> of the HTS winding up to 144 A. A number of transient tests were carried out to assess the impact on the machine, in particular the current in the HTS field winding when the stator circuit was suddenly shorted. The results show that the peak current can be almost 3 times the initial operating field current in the first cycle of the response. No `thermal quench' of HTS winding was witnessed, despite the occurrence of large over currents. The recovery of the HTS winding back to the initial operating current occurred in several seconds and depended on the initial operating current and the reaction of the power supply.
Repetitive ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential stimulation for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis: Optimization of stimulation parameters (2019)

Repetitive inferior oblique oVEMP stimulation with optimal stimulus parameters facilitates early and accurate diagnosis of ocular MG.
Cuore e rene nello scompenso cardiaco acuto: i dubbi del cardiologo e il punto di vista del nefrologo (2012)

The pathophysiological interactions that link the heart and kidney in heart failure are multiple and complex. This issue constitutes one of the most vexing and difficult challenges facing cardiologists. In the setting of acute decompensated heart failure, worsening renal function has traditionally been directly associated with poor clinical prognosis and complicates treatment. In the last years, many reports suggest that worsening renal failure may represent the final common pathway of several mechanistically distinct processes, with different prognostic implications. In the clinical scenario, the clinical significance of transient worsening of renal function may be different as compared with irreversible or progressive renal failure. In addition, it can represent a relatively normal response to treatment-induced physiological derangements such as a reduction in renal perfusion and/or intravascular volume. We here focus on these highlights, with special reference to the diagnostic criteria of renal dysfunction and the management of fluid overload. Two expert nephrologists were asked to answer a few important clinical questions: how should renal dysfunction be recognized and monitored? Are there therapies to counteract it and when, and more importantly, for whom should be applied? Their answers serve as touchstones for cardiologists to provide better individualized care for their patients with acute heart failure. Only a multidisciplinary and collaborative management of cardio-renal interactions will help to mitigate the difficult day-to-day clinical practice and improve our understanding of this condition through a concerted and constructive approach.
Development of Water Level Gage Drift Recovery System by using Back Fill System during Severe Accident (2018)

In Fukushima accident on 2011, molten core supposed to be leaked on the concreate floor in containment vessel. After the loss of both the emergency core cooling system and IC core cooling, primary containment vessel (PCV) pressure increased. Water level measurement drifted because of water evaporation in the reference leg. Radiation level increased at a turbine building (T/B). There was a hydrogen explosion the after suppression chamber (S/C) wet venting. Modular Accident Analysis Program (MAAP) code analysis results and actual data suggest that depressurization of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) began before its bottom failed. The data shows that the measured water level measurement drifted by more than 4 m owing to water loss in the reference leg. This is likely to have been caused by the high-temperature superheated core. Water should have been supplied to the water level reference leg through instrumentation piping. The system is named the back fill system. The system test was conducted and succeeded the recovery of water level gage.
Intraoperative Sensing Technology to Achieve Balance in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty (2019)

» Instability following total knee arthroplasty has been reported as a major cause for early or delayed total knee arthroplasty revision. » Balancing the knee remains an inexact art with no standardized protocol to optimize soft-tissue tension. » The sensing technology reviewed in this article allows surgeons to intraoperatively analyze several parameters, including tibiofemoral rotational alignment, quantitative pressure at peak contact points in the medial and lateral compartments during both total knee arthroplasty trialing and final implant positioning, evaluation of the kinematics of the prosthetic knee, and, finally, correcting soft-tissue imbalance in real time. » This technology has the potential for improved outcomes, reduction in constrained implant utilization, increased patient satisfaction, and lower revision rates.
Corrigendum: A Comprehensive Analysis of the T and B Lymphocytes Repertoire Shaped by HIV Vaccines (2018)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02194.].
Distribution of phlebotomine fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) across an urban-rural gradient in an area of endemic visceral leishmaniasis in northern Brazil (2011)

The number of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases has increased over the past 10 years in Brazil, especially in the North and Northeast regions of the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urbanisation of VL vectors in Barcarena, Pará, an area in northern Brazil where VL is endemic. Sandflies were captured using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps along an urban-rural gradient. The CDC traps were installed inside hen houses at a height of 150 cm. A total of 5,089 sandflies were collected and 11 species were identified. The predominant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis (rate of 95.15%), which suggests its participation in the transmission of VL. A total of 1,451 Lu. longipalpis females were dissected and no Leishmania infections were detected. Most of the sandflies were captured at the border of a forest (88.25%) and no flies were captured in the urban area, which suggests that transmission is still restricted to rural sites. However, the fact that a specimen was collected in an intermediate area indicates that urbanisation is a real possibility and that vector monitoring is important.
Path predicate abstraction by complete interval property checking (2010)

This paper describes a method to create an abstract model from a set of properties fulfilling a certain completeness criterion. The proposed abstraction can be understood as a path predicate abstraction. As in predicate abstraction, certain concrete states (called important states) are abstracted by predicates on the state variables. Additionally, paths between important states are abstracted by path predicates that trigger single transitions in the abstract model. As results, the non-important states are abstracted away and the abstract model becomes time-abstract as it is no longer cycle-accurate. Transitions in the abstract model represent finite sequences of transitions in the concrete model. In order to make this abstraction sound for proving liveness and safety properties it is necessary to put certain restrictions on the choice of state predicates. We show that Complete Interval Property Checking (C-IPC) can be used to create such an abstraction. Our experimental results include an industrial case study and demonstrate that our method can prove global system properties which are beyond the scope of conventional model checking.
Age‐Related changes in cartilage proteoglycans: Quantitative electron microscopic studies (1994)

Biochemical and biophysical studies have shown that the composition and sedimentation velocity of cartilage proteoglycans change with age, but these investigations cannot demonstrate the alterations in molecular structure responsible for these changes. Development of quantitative electron microscopic methods has made it possible to define the age-related structural changes in aggregating proteoglycans and to correlate the alterations in their structure with changes in tissue composition and morphology. Electron microscopic measurement of human and animal hyaline cartilage proteoglycans has shown that with increasing age the length of the chondroitin sulfate-rich region of aggregating proteoglycan monomers (aggrecan molecules) decreases, the variability in aggrecan length increases, the density of aggrecan keratan sulfate chains increases, the number of monomers per aggregate decreases, and the proportion of monomers that aggregate declines. Proteoglycans from the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc show similar but more dramatic age-related alterations. At birth, nucleus pulposus aggrecan molecules are smaller and more variable in length than those found in articular cartilage. Within the first year of human life, the populations of aggregates and large aggrecan molecules analogous to those found in articular cartilage decline until few if any of these molecules remain in the central disc tissues of skeletally mature individuals. The mechanisms of the age-related changes in cartilage proteoglycans have not been fully explained, but measurement of proteoglycans synthesized by chondrocytes of different ages suggests that alterations in synthesis produce at least some of the age-related changes in aggrecan molecules. Degradation of aggrecan chondroitin sulfate-rich regions in the matrix probably also contributes to the structural changes seen by electron microscopy. Age-related changes in proteoglycan aggregation may be due to alterations in link protein function or inhibition of aggregation of newly synthesized aggrecan molecules by accumulation of degraded aggrecan molecules.
Synthesis and characterisation of boranediyl- and diboranediyl-bridged diplatinum A-frame complexes (2021)

A series of boranediyl-bridged diplatinum A-frame complexes, [Pt2X2(μ-BY)(μ-dmpm)2] (X = Cl, Br, I; Y = aryl, alkyl, amino, halo; dmpm = bis(dimethylphosphino)methane), were synthesised by the twofold oxidative addition of BX2Y to [Pt2(nbe)2(μ-dmpm)2] (nbe = norbornene) or to the paddlewheel complex [Pt2(μ-dmpm)3]. Similarly, the addition of B2X2(NMe2)2 (X = Cl, Br) to [Pt2(nbe)2(μ-dmpm)2] provided access to the diborane-1,2-diyl-bridged A-frame complexes [Pt2X2(μ-1,2-B2(NMe2)2)(μ-dmpm)2]. X-ray crystallographic studies of these (BY)n-bridged complexes show structural trends depending on the steric demands of Y and the nature of X. Analysis of higher-order 31P NMR satellites provided information on JP-Pt and JPt-Pt coupling constants, the latter correlating with the PtPt distance. All (di)boranediyl complexes also proved unstable towards (successive) loss of the bridging "BY" unit(s), resulting in the formation of [Pt2X2(μ-dmpm)2].
Phenotypic and genomic analysis reveals Riemerella anatipestifer as the potential reservoir of tet(X) variants (2021)

This study confirmed that tet(X) is highly prevalent in R. anatipestifer. The transfer risk of tet(X) across R. anatipestifer to other clinical pathogens warrants further investigations.
DC-SIGN (CD209) Expression Is IL-4 Dependent and Is Negatively Regulated by IFN, TGF-β, and Anti-Inflammatory Agents (2002)

Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) is a monocyte-derived dendritic cell (MDDC)-specific lectin which participates in dendritic cell (DC) migration and DC-T lymphocyte interactions at the initiation of immune responses and enhances trans-infection of T cells through its HIV gp120-binding ability. The generation of a DC-SIGN-specific mAb has allowed us to determine that the acquisition of DC-SIGN expression during the monocyte-DC differentiation pathway is primarily induced by IL-4, and that GM-CSF cooperates with IL-4 to generate a high level of DC-SIGN mRNA and cell surface expression on immature MDDC. IL-4 was capable of inducing DC-SIGN expression on monocytes without affecting the expression of other MDDC differentiation markers. By contrast, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, and TGF-beta were identified as negative regulators of DC-SIGN expression, as they prevented the IL-4-dependent induction of DC-SIGN mRNA on monocytes, and a similar inhibitory effect was exerted by dexamethasone, an inhibitor of the monocyte-MDDC differentiation pathway. The relevance of the inhibitory action of dexamethasone, IFN, and TGF-beta on DC-SIGN expression was emphasized by their ability to inhibit the DC-SIGN-dependent HIV-1 binding to differentiating MDDC. These results demonstrate that DC-SIGN, considered as a MDDC differentiation marker, is a molecule specifically expressed on IL-4-treated monocytes, and whose expression is subjected to a tight regulation by numerous cytokines and growth factors. This feature might help in the development of strategies to modulate the DC-SIGN-dependent cell surface attachment of HIV for therapeutic purposes.
Factors affecting production of mold mycelium and protein in synthetic media (1976)

The effects of certain cultural conditions on the yield of dry mycelium, protein, and total amino acid content of Rhizopus oligosporus Saito (NRRL 2710), Rhizopus rhizopodiformis (Cohn apud Lichtheim) Zopf (NRRL 6246), and Absidia corymbifera (Cohn) Sacc. et Trotter (NRRL 6247) were studied. The yield of mycelium was found to significantly increase as the spore inoculum was increased from 187,500 to 2,250,000 spores. But the total amino acids (grams/liter) did not change significantly, whereas the percentage of crude protein decreased. An inoculum containing approximately 750,000 spores/ml was used in all of the other experiments. Mycelial production was highest at 37 degrees C for all three molds. However, the best temperature for percentage of crude protein and total amino acids varied with the organism. The mycelial yield and total crude protein of R. oligosporus showed some significant changes as the C/N ratio was increased in 3% glucose medium. In a synthetic medium having a 15:1 C/N ratio, the strains of R. oligosporus, R. rhizopodiformis, and A. corymbifera had better yields from falactose than glucose, not only in dry mycelium but also in total crude protein (grams/liter) and total amino acids (grams/liter). R. oligosporus grew very well on several ammonium salts. but the maximum yield of dry mycelium, total crude protein (grams/liter), and total amino acids (grams/liter) occurred with ammonium sulfate. The optimum pH for both Rhizopus species was 4.0, although R. oligosporus grew equally well at pH 3.0 and slightly less at pH 5.0. The highest yield of mycelium for A. corymbifera was obtained in a medium with an initial pH of 8.0. It was calculated that a fermenter chanrged with an adequate medium and 1,000 lb (about 450 kg) of R. oligosporus or A. corymbifera cells could produce 88 or 90 lb of protein (on a dry-weight basis) per h if the product was removed continuously.
Role of a New Intimin/Invasin-Like Protein in Yersinia pestis Virulence (2012)

A comprehensive TnphoA mutant library was constructed in Yersinia pestis KIM6 to identify surface proteins involved in Y. pestis host cell invasion and bacterial virulence. Insertion site analysis of the library repeatedly identified a 9,042-bp chromosomal gene (YPO3944), intimin/invasin-like protein (Ilp), similar to the Gram-negative intimin/invasin family of surface proteins. Deletion mutants of ilp were generated in Y. pestis strains KIM5(pCD1(+)) Pgm(-) (pigmentation negative)/, KIM6(pCD1(-)) Pgm(+), and CO92. Comparative analyses were done with the deletions and the parental wild type for bacterial adhesion to and internalization by HEp-2 cells in vitro, infectivity and maintenance in the flea vector, and lethality in murine models of systemic and pneumonic plague. Deletion of ilp had no effect on bacterial blockage of flea blood feeding or colonization. The Y. pestis KIM5 Δilp strain had reduced adhesion to and internalization by HEp-2 cells compared to the parental wild-type strain (P < 0.05). Following intravenous challenge with Y. pestis KIM5 Δilp, mice had a delayed time to death and reduced dissemination to the lungs, livers, and kidneys as monitored by in vivo imaging using a lux reporter system (in vivo imaging system [IVIS]) and bacterial counts. Intranasal challenge in mice with Y. pestis CO92 Δilp had a 55-fold increase in the 50% lethal dose ([LD(50)] 1.64 × 10(4) CFU) compared to the parental wild-type strain LD(50) (2.98 × 10(2) CFU). These findings identified Ilp as a novel virulence factor of Y. pestis.
Five-year survival outcomes in patients with melanoma with complete response to immunotherapy who discontinue therapy. (2023)

e21503 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for advanced melanoma in the first-line setting often results in durable responses and prolonged overall survival (OS) after achieving a complete response (CR). While generally well-tolerated, there are financial toxicities and treatment related adverse events (TRAEs) associated with ICI use. There are limited data to inform the optimal duration of therapy after CR, and how specific patient factors may lead to variable OS in patients (pts) with CR. Methods: Pts with locally advanced stage III or stage IV melanoma who started first-line ICI therapy with pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or ipilimumab/nivolumab (ipi/nivo) and achieved CR were identified at a single institution under an Institutional Review Board approved protocol. Pts were only included in the sample if they had initiated treatment by 2013 and discontinued therapy by February of 2021 and had documented follow-up at least 1 year after discontinuing ICI therapy. Recurrence rates were determined by the presence of any recurrence after CR. Pts were analyzed by baseline stage (III vs IV), BRAF status, use of steroids for TRAEs, time from treatment start to CR, and total duration of therapy. OS was determined by time from treatment start to death or date of last follow-up. Results: 78 Pts with CRs from ICI therapy who discontinued treatment were identified at the University of Pennsylvania. Median follow-up time was 63 months from ICI treatment start. Median age at treatment start was 65 years (range 33-94). 51 Pts (68%) had an ECOG performance status (PS) of 0 vs 24 (32%) with ECOG PS of 1-2. 21 Pts (27%) had locally advanced stage III and 57 (73%) had stage IV disease. Of stage IV pts, 8 were M1a, 16 M1b, 22 M1c, and 11 M1d. 61 (78%) pts were treated with pembrolizumab, 5 (6%) nivolumab, 12 (15%) ipi/nivo. 34 pts (44%) were treated with steroids for TRAEs. Of the 78 total pts, 13 (16.7%) developed a recurrence after stopping treatment. The median time to recurrence was 57 months (range 9-110). Melanoma specific survival was 96%. Of the pts with recurrence, 3 died of melanoma, 9 are disease free after additional local and/or systemic treatment and one patient is alive with disease. There was no significant difference ( p &lt; 0.05) in OS based on baseline stage, BRAF status, or use of steroids for TRAEs. Pts were treated for a median of 6 months (range 1 day to 24 months). Conclusions: With over 5 years median follow-up time, the majority of pts with advanced melanoma who attain a CR from first-line ICI therapy remain disease free after treatment discontinuation. Patient factors including stage at treatment initiation, BRAF status, and steroid usage during treatment were not associated with significant variation in OS in this cohort. Most pts with recurrences remain disease free after additional local and/or systemic treatment. Few melanoma specific deaths occurred in pts with a CR to ICI who discontinued treatment.
Lower Bounds for Maximally Recoverable Tensor Code and Higher Order MDS Codes (2021)

An $(m,n,a,b)$-tensor code consists of $m\times n$ matrices whose columns satisfy `$a$' parity checks and rows satisfy `$b$' parity checks (i.e., a tensor code is the tensor product of a column code and row code). Tensor codes are useful in distributed storage because a single erasure can be corrected quickly either by reading its row or column. Maximally Recoverable (MR) Tensor Codes, introduced by Gopalan et al., are tensor codes which can correct every erasure pattern that is information theoretically possible to correct. The main questions about MR Tensor Codes are characterizing which erasure patterns are correctable and obtaining explicit constructions over small fields. In this paper, we study the important special case when $a=1$, i.e., the columns satisfy a single parity check equation. We introduce the notion of higher order MDS codes (MDS$(\ell)$ codes) which is an interesting generalization of the well-known MDS codes, where $\ell$ captures the order of genericity of points in a low-dimensional space. We then prove that a tensor code with $a=1$ is MR iff the row code is an MDS$(m)$ code. We then show that MDS$(m)$ codes satisfy some weak duality. Using this characterization and duality, we prove that $(m,n,a=1,b)$-MR tensor codes require fields of size $q=Ω_{m,b}(n^{\min\{b,m\}-1})$. Our lower bound also extends to the setting of $a&gt;1$. We also give a deterministic polynomial time algorithm to check if a given erasure pattern is correctable by the MR tensor code (when $a=1$).