gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NIMG-09. CHARACTERIZING GLIOMA MICROENVIRONMENT WITH ULTRA-HIGH GRADIENT DIFFUSION MRI (2017)

The infiltrating nature of gliomas, particularly into the peritumoral area, is a major barrier to improving clinical outcome as microscopic disease remains even after apparent gross total resection. T1 post-contrast and T2/FLAIR MRI do not capture full tumor extent. A better imaging biomarker is needed to improve differentiation between tumor, peritumoral area and normal brain. 5 pre-surgical patients with non-enhancing, FLAIR-hyperintense lesions suspicious for glioma underwent ultra-high gradient diffusion MRI on the Connectome MRI scanner with maximum gradient strength of 300 mT/m, enabling mapping of cellular microstructures on micron-level scale. The FLAIR area was defined as the tumor region of interest (ROI). Radiographically normal appearing brain up to 1 cm around the FLAIR area was defined as the peritumoral ROI. Using a novel 3-compartment diffusion model, the volume fraction of water (VFW) was calculated within restricted (intracellular), hindered (extracellular) and free (CSF) spaces. VFW in the tumor, peritumoral ROI, contralateral normal white matter (WM) and cortex were compared. Within the tumor ROI, median VFW in the restricted compartment was decreased vs. peritumoral ROI (↓35%), WM (↓48%) and cortex (↓18%) while median VFW in the hindered compartment was increased vs. peritumoral ROI (↑30%), WM (↑56%) and cortex (↑8%). Within the peritumoral ROI, median VFW in the hindered compartment was increased compared to WM (↑22%). All patients had confirmed IDH-mutant gliomas. Using ultra-high gradient diffusion MRI and a novel diffusion model, we detected distinct diffusion patterns in the tumor and peritumoral area not seen on conventional MRI. Lower VFW in the restricted compartment within the tumor may reflect decreased intracellular water mobility due to enlarged nuclei. Higher VFW in the hindered compartment within tumor and peritumoral area may reflect higher tissue permeability and edema. Longitudinal validation studies are underway to elucidate microenvironment changes in response to treatment.
Papillomavirus Infection of the Cervix. III: Relationship of the Presence of Viral Structural Proteins to the Expression of Involucrin (1984)

Forty-two cervical biopsies with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were compared with respect to the expression of human papillomavirus (HPV) structural proteins and the expression of the cellular structural protein involucrin, a marker of suprabasal squamous differentiation. HPV structural protein and involucrin expression displayed an inverse correlation with the severity of dysplasia. Both of these proteins were detected in 11 of 28 cases (39%) of mild and moderate dysplasia, but in only two of 14 (14%) cases of severe dysplasia. This difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). The presence of HPV was also associated with expression of involucrin in the full thickness of the epithelium, including the basal layer, and an altered staining pattern in the more superficial cells, particularly the koilocytotic cells. These findings support the hypothesis that squamous differentiation is required for the expression of viral structural proteins and that HPV infection begins in the basal epithelium. The study also demonstrates the utility of involucrin staining in differentiating virus-induced cytologic atypia from true neoplasia.
Rhodopeptins, Novel Cyclic Tetrapeptides with Antifungal Activities from Rhodococcus sp. III. Synthetic Study of Rhodopeptins. (1999)

Total syntheses of cyclo (-Gly-L-Lys-L-Val-(R)-3-aminododecanoyl-); LV9nA and its diastereomer cyclo (-Gly-L-Lys-L-Val-(S)-3-aminododecanoyl-); LV9nB, congeners of rhodopeptin B5 on beta-amino acid moiety, were achieved. The beta-amino acid moiety was prepared as a racemate by the thermal Michael addition of an amine to alpha,beta-unsaturated ester. The racemic beta-amino acids were converted to their L-Valylamide derivatives and the obtained diastereomers were separated. Coupling of both diastereomers, L-Val-beta-amino acids with Gly-L-Lys gave linear tetrapeptides, and tetrapeptides were cyclized by diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) method between C-terminus of beta-amino acid and N-terminus of Gly to give cyclic tetrapeptides. The deprotected cyclic tetrapeptides, LV9nA and LV9nB, both exhibited almost the same antifungal activity as the naturally obtained rhodopeptins. Furthermore, comparison of the 1H NMR spectra of two congeners and rhodopeptin B5 suggested that the stereochemistry of beta-amino acid moiety in natural rhodopeptin B5 has (R)-configuration.
Effects of endotoxin and allergen alone and in combination on the sensitivity of the rat airways to adenosine (2005)

1 The airways of patients with asthma are hyperresponsive to adenosine. The phenomenon can be mimicked in the actively sensitized Brown Norway rat by exposure to allergen or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We wondered whether combined treatment with allergen and endotoxin would result in additive effects or synergism with respect to increasing the sensitivity of the airways of the Brown Norway rat to adenosine. 2 Animals actively sensitized to ovalbumin and challenged intratracheally with allergen or endotoxin manifested increased bronchoconstrictor responses to adenosine. A combination of ovalbumin and endotoxin also increased the response to adenosine but the effects were at best additive. 3 Changes in the response to adenosine were selective as responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine were unaltered following ovalbumin or LPS either alone or in combination. 4 Thus, endotoxin and allergen acting together could play a role in up-regulating the response of the human asthmatic airway to adenosine. However, our data suggest that the interaction would be additive rather than synergistic.
Relationships among Taste Qualities Assessed with Response-Context Effects (2011)

Psychophysical judgments often depend on stimulus context. For example, sugar solutions are judged sweeter when a tasteless fruity aroma has been added. Response context also matters; adding a fruity aroma to sugar increases the rated sweetness when only sweetness is considered but not when fruitiness is judged as well. The interaction between stimulus context and response context has been explored more extensively in taste-odor mixtures than in taste-taste mixtures. To address this issue, subjects in the current study rated the sourness of citric acid mixed with quinine (bitter), sodium chloride (salty), and cyclamate (sweet) (stimulus context). In one condition, subjects rated sourness alone. In another, subjects rated both sourness and the other salient quality (bitterness, saltiness, or sweetness) (response context). Sourness ratings were most sensitive to response context for sour-salty mixtures (i.e., ratings of sourness alone exceeded ratings of sourness made simultaneously with saltiness) and least sensitive to context for the sour-sweet mixtures (sourness ratings made under the 2 conditions were essentially identical). Response-context effects for the sour-bitter mixture were nominally intermediate. The magnitudes of these context effects were related to judgments of qualitative similarity between citric acid and the other stimuli, consistent with prior findings. These types of context effects are relevant to the study of taste-taste mixture interactions and should provide insight into the perceptual similarities among the taste qualities.
Spinal Cord Stimulation as a Treatment Option for Intractable Neuropathic Cancer Pain (2008)

Nearly 6,750,000 people suffer moderate to severe cancer-related pain each year. Unfortunately, 10% to 15% of these patients fail to achieve acceptable pain relief with conventional management. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used with increased frequency for successful treatment of intractable cancer pain. We present two cases of intractable, refractory-to-conventional treatment cancer pain that were successfully treated with SCS. Case 1 reports a 51-year-old male with burning pain at the left groin site of inguinal metastases, post-surgical and intraoperative radiation therapy for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. Case 2 reports a 43-year-old woman with intractable, burning, throbbing, and shooting pain, post-debulking followed by radiation of a metastatic colon carcinoma. In both cases SCS implantation provided 90% to 100% pain relief, improved functioning and sleep, and discontinuation of pain medications, sustained through 12 months.
The electrification of energy: long-term trends and opportunities (2018)

We present and analyze three powerful long-term historical trends in the electrification of energy by free-fuel sources. These trends point toward a future in which energy is affordable, abundant, and efficiently deployed; with major economic, geo-political, and environmental benefits to humanity.We present and analyze three powerful long-term historical trends in energy, particularly electrical energy, as well as the opportunities and challenges associated with these trends. The first trend is from a world containing a diversity of energy currencies to one whose predominant currency is electricity, driven by electricity’s transportability, exchangeability, and steadily decreasing cost. The second trend is from electricity generated from a diversity of sources to electricity generated predominantly by free-fuel sources, driven by their steadily decreasing cost and long-term abundance. These trends necessitate a just-emerging third trend: from a grid in which electricity is transported unidirectionally, traded at near-static prices, and consumed under direct human control; to a grid in which electricity is transported bidirectionally, traded at dynamic prices, and consumed under human-tailored artificial agential control. These trends point toward a future in which energy is not costly, scarce, or inefficiently deployed but instead is affordable, abundant, and efficiently deployed; with major economic, geo-political, and environmental benefits to humanity.
Trusted and GDPR-compliant research with the internet of things (2018)

The Internet of Things has become a key enabling technology for data-intensive research across universities and private organisations alike. However, the recent introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe has raised concerns that the GDPR might hamper data-intensive research. In this paper, we address the question of how to enable ethical and compliant research with personal IoT data in an academic environment. We identify three novel trust principles for GDPR compliant use of personal IoT data in science and research (private-by-default, analytics transparency and Accountable analytics) and propose an architecture for a trusted IoT research infrastructure.
Landscape Geology of Subaqueous Volcanic Rocks: Sea Cliffs on Etomo Peninsula, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan (2019)

“Buratamori Muroran,” an NHK Japan TV program was broadcasted on November 25, 2017. To prepare for the program, observations were made on the Etomo Peninsula using ortho-photographs provided by Muroran City as Open Data. A large number of aerial photographs were taken using aircrafts and observational research was undertaken by road. In addition, cliffs were observed from a small boat provided by Hokkaido Regional Development Bureau, Muroran. As a result of these research activities, many remarkable outcrops and occurrences of Miocene subaqueous volcanic rocks were observed on the cliffs, most of which are inaccessible. Subaqueous pumice flows, concentric and radial columnar jointed dikes called Peach Rock, subaqueous lava domes associated with hyaloclastites, and their feeder dikes forming apophyseal, polygonal and columnar-joints were observed. The occurrences of these variable subaqueous volcanic rocks are described and models of some volcanic rocks are described. Finally, cliffs are defined as subjects for geo-tourism.
Economic comparison of natural service and timed artificial insemination breeding programs in dairy cattle (2010)

The objective was to compare the costs of natural service (NS) and timed artificial insemination (TAI) as breeding programs for dairy cows. Both programs were directly compared in a field study from November 2006 to March 2008. Reproductive results in that study were similar and served as inputs for this study. A herd budget accounting for all costs and revenues was created. Net cost during the field study for the NS program was $100.49/cow per year and for the TAI program was $67.80/cow per year, unadjusted for differences in voluntary waiting period for first insemination (VWP) and pregnancy rates (PR). After inclusion of the differences in VWP and PR, the economic advantage of the TAI program was $9.73/cow per year. Costs per day a cow was eligible for insemination were estimated at $1.45 for the NS program and $1.06 for the TAI program. Sensitivity analysis revealed that if the marginal feed cost increased to $5/hundredweight (cwt; 1 cwt=45.36kg), the advantage of TAI increased to $48.32/cow per year. In addition, higher milk prices and greater genetic progress increased the advantage of TAI. When semen price increased from $6 to $22, the NS program had an economic advantage of $33.29/cow per year. If each NS bull was replaced by an additional cow, the advantage of the TAI program was $60.81/cow per year. Setting the PR for both programs at 18% and the VWP at 80 d resulted in an advantage of $37.87/cow per year for the TAI program. In conclusion, any advantage of TAI depended greatly on cost to feed bulls, semen price, and genetic merit of semen.
A tale of two trading venues: electronically delivered orders vs. floor brokered orders on the American stock exchange (2003)

At the American stock exchange (Amex), electronically-routed orders (referred to as system orders) from "upstairs" traders interact on the Amex trading floor with each other and with orders worked by brokers. In addition, we see that brokers receive orders from clients and other traders who have chosen to involve a floor broker as an intermediary in the trading process. The quality of the trading outcomes for system orders, compared to brokered orders, differs considerably, and these results have important implications for market structure design. The paper considers electronic orders vs. floor brokered orders.
Enzymatic Esterification of Indole-3-acetic Acid to (1974)

Incubation of mature sweet corn kernels of Zea mays in dilute solutions of '4C-labeled indole-3-acetic acid leads to the formation of '4C-labeled esters of myo-inositol, glucose, and glucans. Utilizing this knowledge it was found that an enzyme preparation from immature sweet corn kernels of Zea mays catalyzed the CoA- and ATP-dependent esterification of indole3-acetic acid to myo-inositol and glucose. The esters formed were 2-0-(indole-3-acetyl)-myo-inositol, 1-DL-1-0-(indole-3-acetyl)-myo-inositol, di-O-(indole-3-acetyl)-myo-inositol, tri-O-(indole-3-acetyl) -myo-inositol, 2-0- (indole-3-acetyl) -D-glucopyranose, 4-0-(indole-3-acetyl)-D-glucopyranose and 6-0-(indole-3acetyl) -D-glycopyranose. An assay system was developed for measuring esterification of 14C-labeled indole-3-acetic acid by ammonolysis of the esters followed by isolation and counting the radioactive indole-3-acetamide. Kernels of sweet corn (Zea mays) contain 60 to 80 mg/kg of esterified indole-3-acetic acid and about 5% of that amount as free IAA (13). Of the esterified IAA, one-half consists of esters of IAA and myo-inositol or myo-inositol glycosides (13, 14, 15), and one-half consists of IAA esterified to cellulosic
Robust Sampling and Reconstruction Methods for Sparse Signals in the Presence of Impulsive Noise (2010)

Recent results in compressed sensing show that a sparse or compressible signal can be reconstructed from a few incoherent measurements. Since noise is always present in practical data acquisition systems, sensing, and reconstruction methods are developed assuming a Gaussian (light-tailed) model for the corrupting noise. However, when the underlying signal and/or the measurements are corrupted by impulsive noise, commonly employed linear sampling operators, coupled with current reconstruction algorithms, fail to recover a close approximation of the signal. In this paper, we propose robust methods for sampling and reconstructing sparse signals in the presence of impulsive noise. To solve the problem of impulsive noise embedded in the underlying signal prior the measurement process, we propose a robust nonlinear measurement operator based on the weighed myriad estimator. In addition, we introduce a geometric optimization problem based on <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> minimization employing a Lorentzian norm constraint on the residual error to recover sparse signals from noisy measurements. Analysis of the proposed methods show that in impulsive environments when the noise posses infinite variance we have a finite reconstruction error and furthermore these methods yield successful reconstruction of the desired signal. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed methods significantly outperform commonly employed compressed sensing sampling and reconstruction techniques in impulsive environments, while providing comparable performance in less demanding, light-tailed environments.
Conductivity of inhomogeneous materials: Effective-medium theory with dipole-dipole interaction (1978)

We extend the old effective-medium theory, originally due to Bruggeman, by incorporating dipole-dipole interactions to account for local-field effects. The interactions are represented approximately by use of effective depolarization factors. For close-packed clusters of conducting regions, a description which is appropriate at the percolation threshold, we predict an onset of percolation processes when 15.6 vol% is conducting. This is in very good agreement with numerical simulations as well as with experimental data for the metal-insulator transitions in metal-ammonia solutions and in alkali-tungsten bronzes.
Expectation for Powder Technology in Innovative Battery (2011)

Plug-in hybrid vehicles （PHV） and/or electric vehicles （EV）, as sustainable-mobility, penetrate into the market rapidly. This review introduces some results of recent research, moreover some suggestions of fundamental technologies for breakthrough in innovative batteries for PHVs and EVs.
Supplemental Tables S1-S7 from SBI-0640756 Attenuates the Growth of Clinically Unresponsive Melanomas by Disrupting the eIF4F Translation Initiation Complex (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Pharmacological properties of top four BI-69A11 analogs (S1); Blood chemistry following SBI-756 administration (S2); List of biotinylated-BI-69A11-bound proteins, identified by LC/MS/MS (S3); RPPA based analyses identify proteins that were significantly inhibited by SBI-756, compared to DMSO treatment at the 24 h time point (S4); Gene variants identified in SBI-756-resistant clones but not SBI-756-sensitive melanoma cell cultures (S5); The top 10 enriched canonical pathways identified using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of genes mutated in SBI-756 resistant melanoma (S6); Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of genes differentially expressed between SBI-756-sensitive and - resistant melanoma cells (S7).&lt;/p&gt;
Preserving Data Integrity in HDDBSs Using Quasi Serializable Executions (1990)

Data integrity is one Mpect of database consistency concerned with the validity of databases.Integrity requirements are expressed by means of a set of integrity constraints. A database stateis consistent (with respect to a set ofconstraints) if all these constraints are evaluated to be truein it. Anexecution preservesintegrityifit transfers a databasefrom an consistentstatetoanotherconsistent state and each transaction sees an consistent state in the execution.Database integrity is
Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) with Anatomically Guided (3D) Neural Targeting Shows Superior Chronic Axial Low Back Pain Relief Compared to Traditional SCS—LUMINA Study (2016)

Our results suggest that 3D neural targeting SCS and its associated hardware flexibility provide effective treatment for both chronic leg and chronic axial low back pain that is significantly superior to traditional SCS.
Association of HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 DNA detection and serological response in unvaccinated adolescent women (2013)

Antibodies directed against the human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 protein are detected in approximately 70% of individuals with HPV infections. The factors associated with a serological response are not characterized. It is hypothesized that the HPV viral load, duration of detection, or both would be associated with seropositivity in adolescent women. Adolescent women (n = 117), ages 15-17 at enrolment were followed for a mean of 6.2 years. Quarterly vaginal swabs (mean 22 per participant) were used to identify HPV 6, 11, 16, or 18 DNA (Roche PCR/Linear Array). Type-specific HPV infection was defined as ≥2 positive assays. To approximate viral load, Roche PCR/Linear Array test strips were scored visually based on the strength of signal relative to beta-globin controls. Sera collected near the end of study were tested by cLIA. Regression models were fit to assess associations between strength of signal (as represented by mean and cumulative strength of signal), duration of HPV detection, seropositivity, and serotiter. Detection of HPV DNA was associated with seropositivity for four types combined and for types 6, 16, and 18. Overall, 70.1% of DNA positive episodes were associated with type-specific seropositivity. The cumulative HPV DNA signal strength during periods of HPV detection for types 6, 11, 16, and 18 combined was associated with seropositivity (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.02-1.44 P = 0.026). No other HPV DNA predictors were found to be associated with seropositivity or serotiter.
Confounding factors of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers and their impact on clinical performance (2022)

Creatinine and body mass index (BMI) are related to certain plasma biomarker levels. Adjusting for creatinine and BMI has minor influence on plasma-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) associations. Adjusting for creatinine and BMI has minor influence on prediction of dementia using plasma biomarkers.
Mitigation of Seismic Induced Diagonal Cracks in Concrete Columns by External Prestressing (2001)

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A Deformable Interface for Human Touch Recognition Using Stretchable Carbon Nanotube Dielectric Elastomer Sensors and Deep Neural Networks (2019)

This article presents a machine learning approach to map outputs from an embedded array of sensors distributed throughout a deformable body to continuous and discrete virtual states, and its application to interpret human touch in soft interfaces. We integrate stretchable capacitors into a rubber membrane, and use a passive addressing scheme to probe sensor arrays in real time. To process the signals from this array, we feed capacitor measurements into convolutional neural networks that classify and localize touch events on the interface. We implement this concept with a device called OrbTouch. To modularize the system, we use a supervised learning approach wherein a user defines a set of touch inputs and trains the interface by giving it examples; we demonstrate this by using OrbTouch to play the popular game Tetris. Our regression model localizes touches with mean test error of 0.09 mm, whereas our classifier recognizes five gestures with a mean test error of 1.2%. In a separate demonstration, we show that OrbTouch can discriminate between 10 different users with a mean test error of 2.4%. At test time, we feed the outputs of these models into a debouncing algorithm to provide a nearly error-free experience.