gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estudio Cooperativo sobre Umbral Crónico de Estimulación, Valorado como Carga Transferida en 153 Pacientes con Marcapasos Definitivo y Electrodos de Alta Biocompatibilidad (1999)

En la presente comunicación se exponen los resultados de la evaluación del umbral crónico de estimulación en 153 pacientes con marcapasos definitivo y electrodos de superficie fractal. El grupo estudiado, estaba constituído por 58 mujeres y 95 hombres, a quienes se había implantado un marcapasos definitivo, multiprogramable, unicameral (VVIM), con electrodo bipolar endocavitario de superficie fractal, ubicado en apex de ventrículo derecho (Biotronik, TIR 60 BP, con 6 mm2 de superficie de estimulación). El análisis de los datos obtenidos (expresados como carga transferida, en microcoulombios), demostró muy bajos umbrales crónicos: 0.81 µc, SD ± 0.39, (rango 0.65 - 2.54 µc). Considerando un margen de seguridad del 100% por sobre el umbral crónico hallado, se determina que en la población estudiada, la reprogramación de la salida de 4.8 voltios a 2.4 voltios (en ambos casos con 0.5 milisegundos de ancho de pulso), es posible en el 73.8% de los casos (113 pacientes), permitiendo un incremento en el tiempo de prestación para todo el grupo del orden del 20.9%. Las consecuencias de esta modificación en la carga transferida inciden directamente en el paciente (optimización del sensado y recambio de generador menos frecuente), y socialmente (un ahorro de recursos que pueden ser empleados en otros aspectos de la salud pública).
Problème spectral pour la propagation conique des ondes élastiques dans un réseau de galeries (2002)

L'objet de cette Note est l'analyse de la propagation conique des ondes élastiques dans des guides périodiques de type cristal phonique. On propose une nouvelle méthode qui s'appuie sur une approche dite « diffusion multiple », qui nous conduit à un système algébrique de type « Rayleigh ». La formulation spectrale du problème aux valeurs propres ainsi obtenu nous permet de construire les courbes de dispersions aux hautes fréquences et par la même d'étudier les structures à bandes interdites phoniques en propagation conique. On note une perturbation singulière induite par l'angle de conicité.
Eye movements incorporate knowledge of part structure (2010)

PURPOSE Humans have evolved an efficient eye movement system for sampling the visual world. Last year we introduced a shape learning task and modeling approach for probing the algorithms that underlie eye movements (Renninger, Verghese & Coughlan, 2005). In that work, we discerned that despite the unfamiliarity of the shapes used in the task, observers spontaneously perceived each shape as having multiple “parts”. To what extent do part representations play a role in eye movement planning? METHODS Observers actively studied novel shapes as their eye movements were measured. After this learning interval, the shape was displayed with a highly similar shape and the observer selected which one they studied. We compare eye movement traces with prediction maps from several theoretical models, using a rigorous SDT approach. We include a model that makes fixations to the informative “parts” of the shape. In a separate experiment, perceived parts were marked by observers using a manual segmentation tool. Information is defined as the uncertainty (entropy) of edge orientation distributions along the bounding contour of the shape or shape part. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Despite their good performance in the discrimination task, observers were not optimal when planning eye movements to the shape. Saliency was also a poor strategy for describing where fixations will occur. Strategies that look at “informative parts” or at locations that “reduce local orientation uncertainty” are the best predictors of fixation locations in this task. We conclude that observers are using a hybrid of strategies when planning eye movements.
Current Transport and Band Alignment Study of MoS2/GaN and MoS2/AlGaN Heterointerfaces for Broadband Photodetection Application (2020)

Gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) are promising materials for optoelectronics because of their direct band gap and high electron mobility. However, their optical absorbance being limited to within the ultraviolet (UV) range constrains their deployment in broadband photodetectors. Here, we combine three-dimensional (3D) epitaxial GaN and AlGaN thin films with visible-spectrum active two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) to create a 2D/3D hybrid that is active across a broadband spectrum. The interfacial properties of 2D/3D heterojunctions are thoroughly investigated on an industrially compatible silicon platform where a staggered gap (type II) band structure leads to a rectifying heterojunction phenomenon. It is shown that the optical absorbance spectra can be broadened by several hundreds of nanometers using this hybrid approach. As a result, these heterostructures are promising to cover broadband photodetection from ultraviolet (UV)-A (UV-B) to visible solar spectrum, thereby enhancing the practical utility of GaN and its alloys.
Ultrashort Pulse Excited Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Molecules (2022)

Vibrational fingerprints of molecules and low-dimension materials can be traced with subnanometer resolution by performing Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Strong atomic-scale localization of light in the plasmonic nanocavity of the STM enables high spatial resolution in STM-TERS; however, the temporal resolution is so far limited. Here, we demonstrate stable TERS measurements from subphthalocyanine (SubPc) molecules excited by ∼500 fs long laser pulses in a low-temperature (LT) ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) STM. The intensity of the TERS signal excited with ultrashort pulses scales linearly with the increasing flux of the laser pulses and exponentially with the decreasing gap-size of the plasmonic nanocavity. Furthermore, we compare the characteristic features of TERS excited with ultrashort pulses and with a continuous-wave (CW) laser. Our work lays the foundation for future experiments of time-resolved femtosecond TERS for the investigation of molecular dynamics with utmost spatial, temporal, and energy resolutions simultaneously.
Activated carbon from Moringa husks and pods (1996)

Moringa oleifera is the most widespread species of the plant family Moringaceae. It is a rapidly growing tree native to the sub-Himalayan regions of north-west India\nand indigenous to many parts of Africa, South America and Asia, typically reaching a height of 3-4 metres, flowering and fruiting in one year from a 0.3 metre seedling even in poor quality soil (Sutherland, Folkard et al., 1994).\nIt is known by different names around the world (Jahn, 1986), for example in India “Drumstick” or “Horseradish” tree. The tree produces large seed pods which can\neither be harvested when green for food or left to dry. The dried seeds can be crushed to produce a high quality vegetable oil and the resulting press-cake mixed with water and strained to form a coagulant for water treatment (McConnachie, Mtawali et al., 1994). The residue containing seed husks is currently discarded as waste. The research presented here has been carried out at the\nUniversity of Edinburgh and the University of Malawi and demonstrates that a simple steam pyrolysis procedure can form high quality microporous activated carbons\nfrom both the waste husks of Moringa oleifera and the pods. The work is part of an overall assessment of the viability of the establishment of Moringa oleifera plantations in tropical areas for the benefit of rural communities and is being carried out in collaboration with the Engineering Department, The University of Leicester, U.K.
Thermal coupling and energy flows between coolant, engine structure and lubricating oil during engine warm up (C1305/053/2011) (2011)

The thermal behaviour of a modern 2.4 l DI diesel engine used in light duty commercial and private car applications has been investigated to identify how cold operating penalties can be minimised. PROMETS (Programme for Modelling Engine Thermal Systems) has been used to simulate the effects of thermal systems changes. The code has been modified to include new systems elements. The results show how the balance of energy transfers changes as the engine warms up and point to the importance of oil interaction with components in the lower parts of the engine which have a large thermal capacity. These include elements supporting the main bearings, the crankshaft and the lower liner. The interaction can hold down the rise in oil temperature and retard the fall in oil viscosity which in turn has a strong influence on friction losses. The performance of thermal system variants has been compared to identify the fuel economy benefits.
Lobotomy: An Architecture for JIT Spraying Mitigation (2014)

JIT spraying has an assured spot in an attacker's toolkit for Web browser exploitation: With JIT spraying an attacker is able to circumvent even the most sophisticated defense strategies against code injection, including address space layout randomization (ASLR), data execution prevention (DEP) and stack canaries. In this paper, we present Lobotomy, an architecture for building injection-safe JIT engines. Lobotomy is secure by design: it separates compiler and executor of a JIT engine in different processes that share the memory regions containing the compiled code. This allows us to use least-privilege access rights for both processes, preventing memory regions to be mapped with write- and execute-rights at the same time. Our proof-of-concept implementation that modifies the well-known Firefox JIT engine Trace monkey shows both the effectiveness and real-world feasibility of our architecture. Additionally, we provide a thorough evaluation of our version compared to an unmodified baseline and competing approaches.
PLZF null mice have reduced type 2 pulmonary inflammation due to defective ILC2 effector function (HYP6P.265) (2014)

Abstract Rationale. Pulmonary ILC2s have been recently identified as a source of IL-5 and IL-13 during allergic inflammation and helminth infection. Fate-mapping experiments in our lab revealed that the transcription factor PLZF is upregulated during ILC2 development. We hypothesized that the PLZF null mouse would have an impaired innate type 2 response. Methods. Type 2 pulmonary inflammation was induced by intranasal treatment of PLZF null mice and wild-type littermates with either the protease papain, the cytokine IL-25, or saline for 3 days, followed by bronchoalveolar lavage, cellular isolation, and cytokine assays. PLZF null-wild type mixed bone marrow chimeras were generated to determine if the defects in the type 2 response were cell-intrinsic. Nippostrongylus brasilensis infection was used as a physiologic type 2 inflammatory stimulus. Results. While ILC2s were present in PLZF null mice, pulmonary eosinophilia and type 2 cytokine levels were both significantly reduced in response to papain, IL-25, or Nippostrongylus infection. Mixed chimera experiments indicated that these defects were intrinsic to ILC2s: fewer PLZF-null-derived pulmonary ILC2s were reconstituted and they were less able to produce type 2 cytokines, while eosinophils from wild-type or PLZF null mice responded comparably. Conclusion. Mice lacking PLZF have a defective type 2 immune response in response to various stimuli, due to impaired ILC2 effector function.
An Ultrawideband CMOS Low Noise Amplifier For 3.1-10.6 GHz Wireless Communication (2007)

An Ultrawideband (UWB) 3.1-10.6-GHz low noise amplifier employing an input three-section band-pass Chebyshev filter is presented. This work is implemented in standard 0.18mum CMOS process. The amplifier provides a maximum forward gain (S21) of 9.2 dB. A minimum noise figure of 4.78 dB and an IIP3 of -8 dBm have been demonstrated while consuming 9 mW from a 1.8-V supply.
Modular dynamic Bayesian network based on Markov boundary for emotion prediction in multi-sensory environment (2014)

Recently, a lot of the fields such as education, marketing, and design have applied human's emotion stimuli to increase the effectiveness of services as well as user-computer interaction. Predicting the emotion in the field is important to decide relevant stimuli because emotion has the element of uncertainty and is sensitive to sensory stimuli. In this paper, we propose a modular dynamic Bayesian network based on Markov boundary theory to predict current emotion. A relation between emotion and stimuli is identified as four types of structure. The proposed method was verified by several experiments. The computational time is 0.032 second and the average accuracy rate is 80.97%, which are quite promising for a realistic system.
Selective targeting of angiogenic tumor vasculature by vascular endothelial-cadherin antibody inhibits tumor growth without affecting vascular permeability. (2002)

Vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) is an endothelial cell-specific adhesion molecule that is localized exclusively at cell-cell contacts referred to as adherens junctions. VE-cadherin-mediated adhesion is crucial for proper assembly of vascular structures during angiogenesis as well as for maintenance of a normal vascular integrity. We have shown previously that a monoclonal antibody (BV13) to VE-cadherin not only inhibits the formation of vascular tubes during tumor angiogenesis but also disrupts adherens junctions of normal vasculature with a concomitant increase in vascular permeability. The goal of the current studies was to block VE-cadherin function during angiogenesis without disrupting existing junctions on normal endothelium. Using in vitro screening assays to test for functional blocking of adherens junction formation and in vivo assays to detect antibody effects on vascular permeability in normal tissues, we have identified a novel blocking antibody (E4G10) that inhibits VE-cadherin function during angiogenesis but does not disrupt existing adherens junctions on normal vasculature. E4G10 inhibited formation of vascular tubes in vivo in the Matrigel plug and corneal micropocket assays. E4G10 also inhibited tumor growth in three models of mouse and human tumors via an antiangiogenic mechanism. Examination of normal mouse and tumor tissues showed that E4G10 bound to endothelial cells in a subset of tumor vasculature but not to normal vasculature. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling experiments showed that E4G10 specifically targeted a subset of tumor endothelium that is undergoing active cell proliferation, which likely reflects the activated, angiogenic endothelium. These findings indicate that VE-cadherin can be selectively targeted during states of pathological angiogenesis, despite its ubiquitous distribution throughout the entire vasculature. Our data also suggest that antibody E4G10 recognizes VE-cadherin epitopes that are only accessible on endothelial cells forming new adherens junctions, such as in angiogenic tumor vasculature.
Investigation of Soft and Hard Ceramics and Single Crystals for Resonant and Off-Resonant Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting (2010)

Piezoelectric materials have received the most attention for vibration-to-electricity conversion over the last decade. Harmonic excitation is the most commonly investigated form of excitation in piezoelectric energy harvesting and it can be divided into two subgroups as resonant and off-resonant excitations. Although resonant excitation is preferred for extracting the maximum electrical power output from the device, there are several practical cases where it is not possible to excite the energy harvester at its resonance frequency (e.g. varying frequency excitations or very low frequency excitations where the input frequency is much lower than the fundamental resonance frequency). Several researchers have used soft piezoceramics (e.g. PZT-5A and PZT-5H) for power generation under resonant excitation. Typically, these soft piezoceramics have larger piezoelectric strain constant and larger elastic compliance compared to hard piezoceramics (e.g. PZT-4 and PZT-8). However, it is known that hard piezoceramics can have an order of magnitude larger mechanical quality factor compared to soft piezoceramics. Consequently, hard piezoceramics can generate more power under resonant excitation even though researchers have mostly focused on the soft piezoceramics. On the other hand, soft piezoceramics can generate more power for low frequency excitation below the resonance frequency due to their large effective piezoelectric stress constants. This difference is also the case for soft and hard single crystals (e.g. soft PMN-PZT versus hard PMN-PZT-Mn). In addition, single crystals can generate more power than ceramics at low off-resonant frequencies due to their large dynamic flexibilities (which is related to their large elastic compliances). This work investigates the specific advantages of soft and hard piezoceramics and single crystals for vibration-based energy harvesting. An experimentally validated piezoelectric energy harvester model is used to compare the power generation performances of soft and hard ceramics as well as soft and hard single crystals. The soft and the hard piezoceramics considered in this work are PZT-5H and PZT-8, respectively, while the soft and the hard single crystals considered here are PMN-PZT and PMN-PZT-Mn, respectively.
NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES FOR MODELING DOPPLER ULTRASOUND SPECTRA SYSTEMS (2001)

Evaluation of blood-flow Doppler ultrasound spectral content is currently performed on clinical diagnosis. Since mean frequency and bandwidth spectral parameters are determinants on the quantification of stenotic degree, more precise estimators than the conventional Fourier transform should be seek. This paper summarizes studies led by the author in this field, as well as the strategies used to implement the methods in real-time. Regarding stationary and nonstationary characteristics of the blood-flow signal, different models were assessed. When autoregressive and autoregressive moving average models were compared with the traditional Fourier based methods in terms of their statistical performance while estimating both spectral parameters, the Modified Covariance model was identified by the cost/benefit criterion as the estimator presenting better performance. The performance of three time-frequency distributions and the Short Time Fourier Transform was also compared. The Choi–Williams distribution proved to be more accurate than the other methods. The identified spectral estimators were developed and optimized using high performance techniques. Homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures supporting multiple instruction multiple data parallel processing were essayed. Results obtained proved that real-time implementation of the blood-flow estimators is feasible, enhancing the usage of more complex spectral models on other ultrasonic systems.
Data from Identification of Resistance Pathways Specific to Malignancy Using Organoid Models of Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; is mutated in the majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. MAPK and PI3K-AKT are primary KRAS effector pathways, but combined MAPK and PI3K inhibition has not been demonstrated to be clinically effective to date. We explore the resistance mechanisms uniquely employed by malignant cells.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We evaluated the expression and activation of receptor tyrosine kinases in response to combined MEK and AKT inhibition in KPC mice and pancreatic ductal organoids. In addition, we sought to determine the therapeutic efficacy of targeting resistance pathways induced by MEK and AKT inhibition in order to identify malignant-specific vulnerabilities.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Combined MEK and AKT inhibition modestly extended the survival of KPC mice and increased Egfr and ErbB2 phosphorylation levels. Tumor organoids, but not their normal counterparts, exhibited elevated phosphorylation of ERBB2 and ERBB3 after MEK and AKT blockade. A pan-ERBB inhibitor synergized with MEK and AKT blockade in human PDA organoids, whereas this was not observed for the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. Combined MEK and ERBB inhibitor treatment of human organoid orthotopic xenografts was sufficient to cause tumor regression in short-term intervention studies.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Analyses of normal and tumor pancreatic organoids revealed the importance of ERBB activation during MEK and AKT blockade primarily in the malignant cultures. The lack of ERBB hyperactivation in normal organoids suggests a larger therapeutic index. In our models, pan-ERBB inhibition was synergistic with dual inhibition of MEK and AKT, and the combination of a pan-ERBB inhibitor with MEK antagonists showed the highest activity both &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Highly Efficient Procedure for 3-Sulfenylation of Indole-2-carboxylates (2004)

A highly efficient one-pot procedure for 3-sulfenylation of 2-carboxyindoles is described. Treatment of thiols with N-chlorosuccinimide at -78 degrees C in CH(2)Cl(2) affords sulfenyl chlorides in situ that readily react with 2-carboxyindoles to give 3-thioindoles in high yields. This new method is milder, produces less waste, and is compatible with a wide range of thiol and indole functionality. [reaction: see text]
Flory theory of the unbinding transition (1992)

The transition between bound and unbound surfactant bilayers, controlled by the strength of attractive van der Waals interactions, is described in a simple Flory-type picture. All the main features of the transition previously described only by functional renormalization group methods are recovered, including 1) second-order nature of the transition; 2) estimate of the critical strength of van der Waals interactions; 3) dependence of tricritical point on bilayer stiffness. Our Flory picture also reproduces known exponents for unbinding and wetting transitions in d=2 dimensions.
Dynamic Control of the Extraordinary Optical Scattering in Semicontinuous 2D Metamaterials (2016)

Coherent control of the reflection and refraction in semicontinuous metasurfaces is realized. Both the reflection and refraction efficiency of a single-layered metasurface can be greatly improved with this method. By controlling the relative phase between the signal beam and the control beam, the Snell's law can be dynamically manipulated. This method may open possibilities to the practical application of metasurfaces. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Supplementary Table S1 from Lipidomic Profiling of Clinical Prostate Cancer Reveals Targetable Alterations in Membrane Lipid Composition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Patient and sample clinical characteristics&lt;/p&gt;