gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Studies of [FeFe] Hydrogenase Maturation in an Escherichia coli Biosynthetic System (2006)

Maturation of [FeFe] hydrogenases requires the biosynthesis and insertion of the catalytic iron-sulfur cluster, the H cluster. Two radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) proteins proposed to function in H cluster biosynthesis, HydEF and HydG, were recently identified in the hydEF-1 mutant of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (M. C. Posewitz, P. W. King, S. L. Smolinski, L. Zhang, M. Seibert, and M. L. Ghirardi, J. Biol. Chem. 279:25711-25720, 2004). Previous efforts to study [FeFe] hydrogenase maturation in Escherichia coli by coexpression of C. reinhardtii HydEF and HydG and the HydA1 [FeFe] hydrogenase were hindered by instability of the hydEF and hydG expression clones. A more stable [FeFe] hydrogenase expression system has been achieved in E. coli by cloning and coexpression of hydE, hydF, and hydG from the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum. Coexpression of the C. acetobutylicum maturation proteins with various algal and bacterial [FeFe] hydrogenases in E. coli resulted in purified enzymes with specific activities that were similar to those of the enzymes purified from native sources. In the case of structurally complex [FeFe] hydrogenases, maturation of the catalytic sites could occur in the absence of an accessory iron-sulfur cluster domain. Initial investigations of the structure and function of the maturation proteins HydE, HydF, and HydG showed that the highly conserved radical-SAM domains of both HydE and HydG and the GTPase domain of HydF were essential for achieving biosynthesis of active [FeFe] hydrogenases. Together, these results demonstrate that the catalytic domain and a functionally complete set of Hyd maturation proteins are fundamental to achieving biosynthesis of catalytic [FeFe] hydrogenases.
Optimization and Evaluation of Nested Queries and Procedures (2009)

Many database applications perform complex data retrieval and update tasks. Nested queries, and queries that invoke user-defined functions, which are written using a mix of procedural and SQL constructs, are often used in such applications. A straight-forward evaluation of such queries involves repeated execution of parameterized sub-queries or blocks containing queries and procedural code. An important problem that arises while optimizing nested queries as well as queries with joins, aggregates and set operations is the problem of finding an optimal sort order from a factorial number of possible sort orders. We show that even a special case of this problem is NP-Hard, and present practical heuristics that are effective and easy to incorporate in existing query optimizers. We also consider iterative execution of queries and updates inside complex procedural blocks such as user-defined functions and stored procedures. Parameter batching is an important means of improving performance as it enables set-orientated processing. The key challenge to parameter batching lies in rewriting a given procedure/function to process a batch of parameter values. We propose a solution, based on program analysis and rewrite rules, to automate the generation of batched forms of procedures and replace iterative database calls within imperative loops with a single call to the batched form. We present experimental results for the proposed techniques, and the results show significant gains in performance.
Conversion of Wood Waste into Value-Added Products by Edible and Medicinal Pleurotus (Fr.) P. Karst. Species (Agaricales s.l., Basidiomycetes) (2000)

Unused wood residues can be converted into value-added products such as gourmet and medicinal mushrooms. In this study, wood waste was used to cultivate wood-inhabiting ligninolytic white-rot Basidiomycetes of the genus Pleurotus. Ligninolytic Basidiomycetes supplemented with low concentrations of dextrose readily colonized the wood waste; fruiting bodies were produced in 3-8 weeks. After the fruiting bodies were harvested, the basidiomycetes degraded up to 38% Klason lignin and 45% acid-soluble lignin in the spent substrates. Lyophilization of cultures, which stimulated filamentous mycelial growth, accelerated fruiting. The results indicate that growing Pleurotus species on wood waste or unused wood residue associated with harvesting or thinning operations can enhance economic returns needed to support ecosystem management. These values include reducing fuels for fire, decreasing pest and disease outbreaks, and increasing biodiversity.
Effective mass enhancement of two-dimensional electrons in a one-dimensional superlattice potential (2000)

We report effective mass enhancement of two-dimensional (2D) electrons in an atomically precise one-dimensional AlGaAs/GaAs superlattice potential fabricated by the cleaved-edge overgrowth technique. Magnetotransport measurements reveal that the mobility of the 2D electrons increases with electron density n2D. At low densities (n2D∼1.3×1011 cm−2), the effective mass m* of the 2D electrons is 0.14 me, where me is the free-electron mass. This value of 0.14 me is twice the effective mass of electrons in GaAs (0.067 me). m* increases with n2D and is ∼0.16 me at 2.7×1011 cm−2. We explain these results based on the formation of energy minibands along the superlattice direction. The electron scattering time τ is calculated from the mobility and effective mass data. At 0.3 K, τ increases with n2D from 5 to 11 ps as n2D is varied from 1.1×1011 to 2.7×1011 cm−2.
The recently introduced Aedes albopictus in Tunisia has the potential to transmit chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses (2020)

The mosquito Aedes albopictus was detected for the first time in Tunisia in 2018. With its establishment in the capital city of Tunis, local health authorities fear the introduction of new human arboviral diseases, like what happened in Europe with unexpected local cases of chikungunya, dengue and Zika. Even though this mosquito is competent to transmit the arboviruses mentioned above, the transmission level will vary depending on the couple, mosquito population and virus genotype. Here, we assessed the vector competence of Ae. albopictus Tunisia by experimental infections with chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue (DENV), and Zika (ZIKV) viruses. We found that Ae. albopictus Tunisia was highly competent for CHIKV (transmission efficiency of 25% at 21 post-infection) and to a lesser extent, for ZIKV (8.7%) and DENV (8.3%). Virus was detected in mosquito saliva at day 3 (CHIKV), day 10 (ZIKV) and day 21 (DENV) post-infection. These results suggest that the risk of emergence of chikungunya is the highest imposing a more sustained surveillance to limit Ae. albopictus populations in densely populated urban dwellings and at the entry points of travelers returning from CHIKV-endemic regions.
Magic Angle Spinning NMR Analysis of β2-Microglobulin Amyloid Fibrils in Two Distinct Morphologies (2010)

Beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) is the major structural component of amyloid fibrils deposited in a condition known as dialysis-related amyloidosis. Despite numerous studies that have elucidated important aspects of the fibril formation process in vitro, and a magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR study of the fibrils formed by a small peptide fragment, structural details of beta(2)m fibrils formed by the full-length 99-residue protein are largely unknown. Here, we present a site-specific MAS NMR analysis of fibrils formed by the full-length beta(2)m protein and compare spectra of fibrils prepared under two different conditions. Specifically, long straight (LS) fibrils are formed at pH 2.5, while a very different morphology denoted as worm-like (WL) fibrils is observed in preparations at pH 3.6. High-resolution MAS NMR spectra have allowed us to obtain (13)C and (15)N resonance assignments for 64 residues of beta(2)m in LS fibrils, including part of the highly mobile N-terminus. Approximately 25 residues did not yield observable signals. Chemical shift analysis of the sequentially assigned residues indicates that these fibrils contain an extensive beta-sheet core organized in a non-native manner, with a trans-P32 conformation. In contrast, WL fibrils exhibit more extensive dynamics and appear to have a smaller beta-sheet core than LS fibrils, although both cores seem to share some common elements. Our results suggest that the distinct macroscopic morphological features observed for the two types of fibrils result from variations in structure and dynamics at the molecular level.
An Adaptive Virtual Impedance Control Scheme Based on Small-AC-Signal Injection for Unbalanced and Harmonic Power Sharing in Islanded Microgrids (2019)

To address the unbalanced and harmonic power sharing issue among parallel inverters caused by feeder impedance mismatch in islanded microgrids, an adaptive virtual impedance control method is proposed based on the injection of an extra small ac signal (SACS) in the output voltage of each inverter. Similar to the principle of active power-frequency droop, the frequency of the injected signal droops with the output unbalanced and harmonic power, while the active power produced by the injected SACS is detected to adjust the virtual impedance at the fundamental negative sequence and selected harmonic frequencies, which will tune the distribution of unbalanced and harmonic power in the system. When the injected SACSs of each inverter synchronize with each other and reach a common frequency in steady state, the virtual impedance of each inverter will be matched to each other for evenly sharing the unbalanced and harmonic power. This proposed method requires neither communication links among parallel inverters nor feeder impedance information. Furthermore, the control parameter design method based on modeling and stability analysis of the proposed control structure is discussed in detail. Finally, simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Shamans, Software, and Spleens (1996)

James Boyle explores matters as diverse as blackmail; ownership of genetic information; insider trading; Johnny Carson, Bela Lugosi and the Gay Olympics; the doctor as artist and the patient as “public domain”; cyberspace as land; censorship; and robot slavery in this first social theory of the information age.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMIE VON VIERFACH KOORDINIERTEN BIS‐(CHELAT)‐METALL(II)‐KOMPLEXEN IN LOESUNG, EXPERIMENTELLE ERGEBNISSE UND ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER STEREOCHEMISCHEN TENDENZEN (1970)

Abstract Mit Hilfe von Ligandenfeldspektren, magnetischen Daten und Röntgen‐Analyse werden die Strukturen der aus den entsprechenden Metallsalzen und α,β‐ungesättigten Ketoaminen unter Feuchtigkeits‐ und Luftausschluß hergestellten Chelate (I) ermittelt.
DNA methylation of AHCY may increase the risk of ischemic stroke (2020)

Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Of these, epigenetic modifications provide a new direction for the study of ischemic stroke pathogenesis. This study aimed to determine the correlation between DNA methylation of the gene encoding S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) and the risk of ischemic stroke in 64 ischemic stroke patients and 138 patients with traumatic brain injury (control group). The methylation level of AHCY was analyzed using quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Statistically significant differences in AHCY methylation levels were observed between the case group [medians (interquartile range): 0.13% (0.09%, 0.27%)] and the control group [0.06% (0.00%, 0.17%), p < 0.0001], and these associations remained significant in both male (p = 0.003) and female (p = 0.0005) subjects. A subgroup analysis by age revealed a considerably higher percentage of methylated AHCY in the case group than the control group in all age groups (age < 60 years, p = 0.007; age ≥ 60 years, p < 0.0001). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed a trend toward a role for AHCY methylation as an indicator of risk in all ischemic patients [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.70, p = 0.0001], male patients (AUC = 0.67, p = 0.004), and female patients (AUC = 0.75, p = 0.0002). Our study confirmed a significant association between the AHCY DNA methylation level and the risk of ischemic stroke, suggesting that this gene methylation pattern may be a potential diagnostic marker of ischemic stroke.
Test and calibration of large drift tube chambers with cosmic rays (2005)

A cosmic ray measurement facility has been set up at Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU) and is used at present to commission and calibrate Monitored Drift Tube (MDT) chambers for the muon spectrometer of the ATLAS experiment. Each of these chambers-produced in collaboration with the Max-Planck-Institut fuumlr Physik and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna-consists of 432 drift tubes with a diameter of 3 cm, which are arranged in 2times3 layers, and measures 3.8 mtimes2.2 mtimes0.5 m. At the LMU site, the MDT chambers are completed, equipped with their final front-end electronics and taken into operation for the first time. The gas leak rate of the chamber is determined and its high voltage stability is tested. The response of all drift tubes and its homogeneity across the chamber is measured in the Cosmic Ray Facility. Two MDT chambers which were precisely mapped with an X-Ray tomograph provide reference tracking for the enclosed third chamber which is to be calibrated. The sense wire positions are determined from a comparison of the drift time measurements with the reference tracks. The geometry of the tested chamber-the grid constants of the drift tubes in a layer, the distances and tilt angles of the layers-can then be derived from these positions. Alignment systems are used to monitor chamber movements at the micrometer level. In the ongoing series commissioning, a rate of one chamber per week has been achieved. The parameters describing the geometry of the MDT chambers are determined with a precision in the 10 mum range. The measurements with cosmic muons complement the chamber surveys performed during construction and will provide an important input for the calibration of the entire ATLAS muon spectrometer
A Novel R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor BpMYB106 of Birch (Betula platyphylla) Confers Increased Photosynthesis and Growth Rate through Up-regulating Photosynthetic Gene Expression (2016)

We isolated a R2R3-MYB transcription factor BpMYB106, which regulates photosynthesis in birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.). BpMYB106 mainly expresses in the leaf and shoot tip of birch, and its protein is localized in the nucleus. We further fused isolated a 1588 bp promoter of BpMYB106 and analyzed it by PLACE, which showed some cis-acting elements related to photosynthesis. BpMYB106 promoter β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter fusion studies gene, the result, showed the GUS reporter gene in transgenic birch with BpMYB106 promoter showed strong activities in shoot tip, cotyledon margins, and mature leaf trichomes. The overexpression of BpMYB106 in birch resulted in significantly increased trichome density, net photosynthetic rate, and growth rate as compared with the wild-type birch. RNA-Seq profiling revealed the upregulation of several photosynthesis-related genes in the photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways in the leaves of transgenic plants. Yeast one-hybrid analysis, coupled with transient assay in tobacco, revealed that BpMYB106 binds a MYB binding site MYB2 in differentially expressed gene promoters. Thus, BpMYB106 may directly activate the expression of a range of photosynthesis related genes through interacting with the MYB2 element in their promoters. Our study demonstrating the overexpression of BpMYB106-a R2R3-MYB transcription factor-upregulates the genes of the photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways to improve photosynthesis.
Nuclear deposits of immunoglobulins in skin of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (1977)

Skin nuclear speckled IgG deposition was noted in seven patients. The patients' clinical courses satisfied at least four of the preliminary criteria of the American Rheumatism Association for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erthematosus (SLE). Examination of approximately 700 additional biopsies from patiets with SLE, connective tissue and various skin diseases as well as normal individuals, failed to demonstrate similar nuclear immunoglobulin deposition. Sera from these seven patients had higher titre, complement fixing anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) of IgG class which produced a speckled nuclear fluorescent pattern. In addition, the sera of all seven patients demonstrated by gel double diffusion precipitating antibodies against nuclear ribonucleoprotein (RNP) or Sm antigens.
The effect of alignment of the knee on the outcome of unicompartmental knee replacement (2002)

Many authors have recommended undercorrection of the deformity when carrying out unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). The isolated effect of alignment of the knee on the outcome of UKA has, however, received little attention. We reviewed 185 UKAs at a minimum of five years after surgery. They had been carried out by a single surgeon using metal-backed tibial components in the management of arthritis of the medial compartment. We measured the tibiofemoral angle (TFA) before and at four months after operation and at the most recent assessment. The amount of correction of the TFA and any subsequent loss were recorded. While adjusting for the effects of age, weight and gender of the patients and the type and thickness of the implants, the mean correction was significantly less for those with a Marmor rating of failure (6.8 degrees) than for those rated excellent (9.2 degrees). The mean correction was also significantly less for patients with a Marmor rating of failure (6.8 degrees) than for those rated poor (11.1 degrees). The mean correction for the UKAs which were revised (6.6 degrees) was significantly less than for those not revised (9.1 degrees). Additionally, revised UKAs had a significantly higher percentage (63%) of thinner tibial implants (<8 mm) than the surviving UKAs (27%). These findings suggest that undercorrection of the TFA in UKA of the medial compartment should be avoided, particularly if a thin tibial polyethylene insert is used.
Gradient Field Imploding Liner Fusion Propulsion System (2017)

Magneto-inertial fusion concepts often use a pulsed high current discharge in a cylindrical coil to generate a rapidly changing axial magnetic field, inducing a counter-propagating current in the conducting outer liner of a centrally aligned cylindrical fusion target. The Lorentz force arising from the axial field and azimuthal liner current rapidly implodes the target radially inward, compressing the fuel to reach fusion conditions.
The 1996 Lindberg Award. Calcium antagonists alter cell shape and induce procollagenase synthesis in keloid and normal human dermal fibroblasts. (1997)

Fibroblast cytomorphology is tightly coupled to phenotypic expression, particularly as it relates to extracellular matrix protein synthesis and degradation. We have observed that calcium antagonists, such as verapamil and trifluoperazine, depolymerize actin filaments and alter fibroblast cell shape from bipolar to spherical. Characteristically, the depolymerization of actin filaments, which mediates the cell shape change, turns on procollagenase gene expression in normal human skin fibroblasts. We have found the same effects of calcium antagonists on cell shape, cytoskeletal components, and induction of procollagenase in the keloid fibroblasts of three cell lines, CB792, CW792, and WT949. Rounded cells were seen in 74.8% of verapamil-treated and 86.7% of trifluoperazine-treated cells, whereas only 1.1% of the control cells were spherical. The percentage of cells that synthesized collagenase in the control, verapamil-treated, and trifluoperazine-treated groups was 3.8%, 42.8%, and 53.4%, respectively. Approximately 60% of rounded cells exhibited increased collagenase synthesis when the cells were treated with a calcium antagonist. These results indicate considerable heterogeneity in the phenotypic response to morphologic change. The amount of procollagenase synthesized in a cell was estimated by the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescein-labeled antibody. The normalized fluorescence intensity of procollagenase in the control cells was about 2 to 2.6 times that of background. In contrast, the normalized fluorescence intensity of procollagenase in the calcium antagonist-treated cells was about 2.4 to 12 times that of background. This high intensity level indicates an increase in procollagenase production in the calcium antagonist-treated cells. Calcium green dye used to study cytosolic calcium revealed that after cells were treated with verapamil, the cytosolic calcium ion concentration first increased and then decreased. The change of cytosolic calcium ion concentration may be related to the depolymerization of actin filaments and the alteration of cell shape.
Immunomodulatory sphingosine-1-phosphates as plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular cognitive impairment (2020)

Abstract Background There has been ongoing research impetus to uncover novel blood-based diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and related cerebrovascular disease (CEVD)-associated conditions within the spectrum of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Sphingosine-1-phosphates (S1Ps) are signaling lipids which act on the S1PR family of cognate G-protein-coupled receptors and have been shown to modulate neuroinflammation, a process known to be involved in both neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the status of peripheral S1P in AD and VCI is at present unclear. Methods We obtained baseline bloods from individuals recruited into an ongoing longitudinal cohort study who had normal cognition (N = 80); cognitive impairment, no dementia (N = 160); AD (N = 113); or VaD (N = 31), along with neuroimaging assessments of cerebrovascular diseases. Plasma samples were processed for the measurements of major S1P species: d16:1, d17:1, d18:0, and d18:1, along with pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Furthermore, in vitro effects of S1Ps on cytokine expression were also studied in an astrocytoma cell line and in rodent primary astrocytes. Results Of the S1Ps species measured, only d16:1 S1P was significantly reduced in the plasma of VaD, but not AD, patients, while the d18:1 to d16:1 ratios were increased in all cognitive subgroups (CIND, AD, and VaD). Furthermore, d18:1 to d16:1 ratios correlated with levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF. In both primary astrocytes and an astroglial cell line, treatment with d16:1 or d18:1 S1P resulted in the upregulation of mRNA transcripts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with d18:1 showing a stronger effect than d16:1. Interestingly, co-treatment assays showed that the addition of d16:1 reduced the extent of d18:1-mediated gene expression, indicating that d16:1 may function to “fine-tune” the pro-inflammatory effects of d18:1. Conclusion Taken together, our data suggest that plasma d16:1 S1P may be useful as a diagnostic marker for VCI, while the d18:1 to d16:1 S1P ratio is an index of dysregulated S1P-mediated immunomodulation leading to chronic inflammation-associated neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular damage.
Zukunft + Politik (1985)

Vielfach konnte man als „Widerlegung“ der Behauptung, daß viele Jugendliche skeptisch in die Zukunft schauen, lesen, daß diese Jugendlichen ihre persönliche Zukunft durchaus optimistisch beurteilen. Abgesehen davon, daß dies nicht unbedingt ein Widerspruch ist und damit auch der Versuch einer Widerlegung scheitert, muß die angebliche optimistische Zukunftssicht der Jugendlichen genauer beschrieben werden.