gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sol–Gel Methods for the Assembly of Metal Chalcogenide Quantum Dots (2007)

Sol-gel chemistry represents a powerful method for assembling metal chalcogenide quantum dots into 3D connected architectures without the presence of intervening ligands to moderate particle-particle interactions. Wet gels prepared by the oxidative loss of thiolate surface groups from chalcogenide nanoparticles can be converted to xerogels (low porosity) or aerogels (high porosity), and the quantum-confinement effects in these low-dimensional networks decrease with increasing density of the network. In this Account, we describe the application of sol-gel chemistry to the formation of CdSe architectures and discuss how surface modification can lead to highly luminous monoliths, concluding with the prospects of these unique materials for applications in sensing and photovoltaics.
Step Prediction During Perturbed Standing Using Center Of Pressure Measurements (2007)

The development of a sensor that can measure balance during quiet standing and predict stepping response in the event of perturbation has many clinically relevant applica- tions, including closed-loop control of a neuroprothesis for standing. This study investigated the feasibility of an algorithm that can predict in real-time when an able-bodied individual who is quietly standing will have to make a step to compensate for an external perturbation. Anterior and posterior perturbations were performed on 16 able-bodied subjects using a pul- ley system with a dropped weight. A linear relationship was found between the peak center of pressure (COP) velocity and the peak COP displacement caused by the perturbation. This result suggests that one can predict when a person will have to make a step based on COP velocity measurements alone. Another important feature of this finding is that the peak COP velocity occurs considerably before the peak COP displacement. As a result, one can predict if a subject will have to make a step in response to a perturbation sufficiently ahead of the time when the subject is actually forced to make the step. The proposed instability detection algorithm will be implemented in a sensor system using insole sheets in shoes with minitur- ized pressure sensors by which the COPv can be continuously measured. The sensor system will be integrated in a closed-loop feedback system with a neuroprosthesis for standing in the near future.
A family of glycoproteins (GP55), which inhibit neurite outgrowth, are members of the Ig superfamily and are related to OBCAM, neurotrimin, LAMP and CEPU-1 (1996)

We have previously identified a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked glycoprotein of 55 kDa (GP55) which inhibits neurite outgrowth. We now provide evidence that GP55, isolated from adult chick brain, consists of at least two bands, both of which are active, i.e., block outgrowth of neurites from chick dorsal root ganglion neurons. An antiserum raised against the adult proteins reverses the inhibition and preliminary experiments suggest that GP55 is restricted to the nervous system, increases during development from very low levels at embryonic day 10 and is most abundant after hatching. Immunofluorescence reveals that GP55 is expressed on neurons cultured from an embryonic day 14 chick brain but is barely detectable on embryonic day 10 dorsal root ganglion neurons or embryonic day 8 forebrain neurons; the neurons which respond to substrate-bound GP55. Peptide sequencing revealed considerable homology with OBCAM, a protein previously identified on the basis of binding opiates. Nested polymerase chain reaction using primers to the OBCAM sequence and internal primers to GP55 peptides produced two different polymerase chain reaction fragments with homology to OBCAM. A full length clone (E19S) corresponding to one polymerase chain reaction product and a partial length clone (E14S) corresponding to the second have been isolated from an embryonic chick brain library. Both are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily and have (or are expected to have) three C2 domains. E19S has 90% homology with LAMP at the amino acid level. This sequence only partially matches the peptides from the adult protein and hence is probably not a major component of the adult proteins. E14S (GP55-A) has 83% homology to OBCAM at the amino acid level over the region sequenced. The sequence matches several of the peptides from the adult protein and is hence likely to correspond to a major component of the adult proteins. Thus members of the GP55 family are related to OBCAM, neurotrimin, LAMP and a recently discovered chick protein CEPU-1. Our results suggest molecules within this family are capable of acting as cell adhesion molecules and inhibitors of neurite outgrowth.
Shielding effectiveness of composite aircraft: A reverberation chamber and virtual measurement study (2012)

The current design trend away from aluminum skinned aircraft and toward composite materials has the potential to leave new aircraft vulnerable to electromagnetic interference. While traditional aluminum skin provides significant shielding to the electronics inside the aircraft, however, carbon-fiber composite aircraft provide substantially less shielding. This suggests the growing importance of characterizing, measuring and predicting the shielding effectiveness provided by the composite skin of an aircraft. The current practice of characterizing the shielding effectiveness of a fuselage in the prototyping phase leaves manufactures vulnerable to costly shielding mitigation and redesign work. This paper proposes a virtual measurement to help predict the shielding effectiveness during the design phase when changes are simpler and more cost effective. To demonstrate the rigor of the proposed virtual measurement method, the shielding effectiveness of a carbon-fiber composite uncrewed aircraft was measured in an industrial reverberation chamber. These qualified shielding effectiveness measurements then serve as a benchmark with which to compare the virtual measurement results. In making this comparison some interesting results between reverberation chamber and direct illumination shielding effectiveness came to light. This paper presents the virtual measurement method, the model validation work and early shielding effectiveness measurement comparisons.
Design of a meteor scatter communication network for vehicle tracking (2003)

Meteor scatter communication operating in the low VHF band, using the ionized trails of meteors entering the atmosphere as free naturally occurring satellite channels, represents a low-cost alternative technology for automatic vehicle location and vehicle communication. The primary issues in the design of a network capable of supporting in excess of 100000 vehicles are described. One of the key issues is contention within the network due to the presence of more than one vehicle within the footprint created by each meteor trail. A technique for predicting the probability of contention in a dense meteor scatter network is described. The technique was used as a tool for the design of network protocols.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A comparative study on different Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty graft preparation techniques (2018)

Graft preparation using Sinskey hook (M2) and donor punch (M3) are reliable methods in terms of efficiency and quality with acceptable range of ECL. The preparation time and associated costs could be a limitation for M3.
Parallel scalable libraries and algorithms for computer vision (2002)

We describe a project that integrates applications requirements, parallel algorithm design, models of parallel computing, and software tools in order to improve the ability of applications researchers in the fields of computer vision and image processing (CVIP) to realize the performance potential of high performance parallel computers. This objective is achieved by pursuing four directions of research: the development of efficient and practical scalable algorithms for fundamental CVIP problems; the implementation of realistic CVIP scenarios on high performance computers; the development of a scalable, architecture-independent parallel model and a metric for estimating the performance of an algorithm on an existing parallel machine; and the development of prototype software tools. In this paper we describe work in each of these areas.
Approximations by Computationally-Efficient VCG-Based Mechanisms. (2006)

We consider computationally-efficient incentive-compatible mechanisms that use the VCG pay-ment scheme, and study how well they can approximate the social welfare in auction settings. We obtain a 2-approximation for multi-unit auctions, and show that this is best possible, even though from a purely computational perspective an FPTAS exists. For combinatorial auctions among submodular (or subadditive) bidders, we prove an Ω(m 1 6) lower bound, which is close to the known upper bound of O(m 1 2), and qualitatively higher than the constant factor approximation possible from a purely computational point of view.
Tools, Perspectives and Avatars in Blended Reality Space (2009)

Blended Reality Space is our term for an interactive mixed-reality environment where the physical and the virtual are intimately combined in the service of interaction goals and communication environments aimed at health support and rehabilitation. The present study examines the effect on rated presence and self-presence of three key factors in the way blended realities may be implemented for these purposes. Our findings emphasize the importance of tangibility for presence, but suggest that presence and self-presence are unrelated phenomena. These findings will be incorporated into design principles for our planned work to develop free movement-based interactions for motor rehabilitation as well as blended-reality spaces for collaboration between hospitals, care organizations, and the home.
Expression ofToxoplasma gondii-Specific Heat Shock Protein 70 during In Vivo Conversion of Bradyzoites to Tachyzoites (1998)

Stage conversion between bradyzoites and tachyzoites was investigated in C57BL/6 mice chronically infected with the ME-49 strain of Toxoplasma gondii. In order to promote bradyzoite-tachyzoite conversion, mice were treated in vivo with neutralizing doses of anti-gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) or anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) antibodies. Expression of parasite-specific antigens SAG-1, SAG-2, and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp-70) was visualized in the central nervous system by immunocytochemistry and measured by photometric assay. The immunosuppressive effect of anti-IFN-gamma or anti-TNF-alpha treatment was immediate, leading to parasite stage conversion as indicated by the increased expression of tachyzoite-specific antigens (SAG-1 and SAG-2) and by rapid parasite replication. We also observed expression of high levels of Hsp-70 during a short period of conversion of bradyzoites to tachyzoites. Our data suggest that Hsp-70 may have an important role in the process of bradyzoite-tachyzoite conversion during the reactivation of chronic toxoplasmosis.
THE SYNTHESIS OF 3-O-β-D-XYLOPYRANOSYL-D-XYLOSE AND THE RECHARACTERIZATION OF SOME BENZYLIDENE DERIVATIVES OF D-XYLOSE (1960)

The benzylidene groups of the di-O,O-benzylidene derivative of D-xylose diethyl dithioacetal have been located at the 2,4:3,5 positions, and not at the 2,3:4,5 positions suggested by Zinner, Rembarz, Linke, Ulbricht. Partial hydrolysis yielded the 2,4-O-benzylidene compound, from which 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-D-xylose (rhodymenabiose) was prepared.
Reinforcement learning for industrial process control: A case study in flatness control in steel industry (2022)

Strip rolling is a typical manufacturing process, in which conventional control approaches are widely applied. Development of the control algorithms requires a mathematical expression of the process by means of the ﬁrst principles or empirical models. However, it is difficult to upgrade the conventional control approaches in response to the ever-changing requirements and environmental conditions because domain knowledge of control engineering, mechanical engineering, and material science is required. Reinforcement learning is a machine learning method that can make the agent learn from interacting with the environment, thus avoiding the need for the above mentioned mathematical expression. This paper proposes a novel approach that combines ensemble learning with reinforcement learning methods for strip rolling control. Based on the proximal policy optimization (PPO), a multi-actor PPO is proposed. Each randomly initialized actor interacts with the environment in parallel, but only the experience from the actor that obtains the highest reward is used for updating the actors. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional control methods and the state-of-the-art reinforcement learning methods in terms of process capability and smoothness.
Roles of vitamins B5, B8, B9, B12 and molybdenum cofactor at cellular and organismal levels (2007)

Many efforts have been made in recent decades to understand how coenzymes, including vitamins, are synthesised in organisms. In the present review, we describe the most recent findings about the biological roles of five coenzymes: folate (vitamin B9), pantothenate (vitamin B5), cobalamin (vitamin B12), biotin (vitamin B8) and molybdenum cofactor (Moco). In the first part, we will emphasise their biological functions, including the specific roles found in some organisms. In the second part we will present some nutritional aspects and potential strategies to enhance the cofactor contents in organisms of interest.
Peripheral sensitization caused by insulin-like growth factor 1 contributes to pain hypersensitivity after tissue injury (2011)

Sensitization of primary afferent neurons is one of the most important components of pain hypersensitivity after tissue injury. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), involved in wound repair in injured tissue, also plays an important role in maintaining neuronal function. In the present study, we investigated the effect of tissue IGF-1 on nociceptive sensitivity of primary afferent neurons. Local administration of IGF-1 induced thermal and mechanical pain hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner, and was attenuated by IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) inhibition. Tissue but not plasma IGF-1 levels, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, significantly increased after plantar incision. Immunohistochemistry revealed that IGF1R was predominantly expressed in neurons as well as in satellite glial cells in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Double-labeling immunohistochemistry showed that IGF1R expression colocalized with peripherin and TRPV1, but not with NF200 in DRG neurons. The IGF1R inhibitor successfully alleviated mechanical allodynia, heat hyperalgesia, and spontaneous pain behavior observed after plantar incision. Expression of phosphorylated Akt in DRG neurons significantly increased after plantar incision and was suppressed by IGF1R inhibition. These results demonstrate that increased tissue IGF-1 production sensitizes primary afferent neurons via the IGF1R/Akt pathway to facilitate pain hypersensitivity after tissue damage.
Multisection CT angiography compared with catheter angiography in diagnosing vertebral artery dissection. (2004)

Multisection CT angiography was a sensitive and accurate technique for the diagnosis of VA dissection.
Prevention of Peripheral Tolerance by a Dendritic Cell Growth Factor: Flt3 Ligand as an Adjuvant (1998)

Injections of soluble proteins are poorly immunogenic, and often elicit antigen-specific tolerance. The mechanism of this phenomenon has been an enduring puzzle, but it has been speculated that tolerance induction may be due to antigen presentation by poorly stimulatory, resting B cells, which lack specific immunoglobulin receptors for the protein. In contrast, adjuvants, or infectious agents, which cause the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta in vivo are believed to recruit and activate professional antigen-presenting cells to the site(s) of infection, thereby eliciting immunity. Here we show that administration of Flt3 ligand (FL), a cytokine capable of inducing large numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo, (a) dramatically enhances the sensitivity of antigen-specific B and T cell responses to systemic injection of a soluble protein, through a CD40-CD40 ligand-dependent mechanism; (b) influences the class of antibody produced; and (c) enables productive immune responses to otherwise tolerogenic protocols. These data support the hypothesis that the delicate balance between immunity and tolerance in vivo is pivotally controlled by DCs, and underscore the potential of FL as a vaccine adjuvant for immunotherapy in infectious disease and other clinical settings.
Suprascapular nerve block or a piroxicam patch for shoulder tip pain after day case laparoscopic surgery (2003)

Background and objective: The reported incidence of shoulder tip pain following laparoscopic surgery varies from 35 to 63%. This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy of either performing a prophylactic suprascapular nerve block with bupivacaine or applying a piroxicam patch to the skin over both shoulders for the relief of shoulder tip pain after laparoscopy. Methods: Sixty healthy informed female patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) a control group (n = 20), no treatment; (b) a suprascapular nerve block group (n = 20) in which a bilateral suprascapular nerve block was performed before induction of anaesthesia with 5 mL 0.5% bupivacaine with epinephrine; and (c) a piroxicam patch group (n = 20) in which a 48 mg piroxicam patch on the skin of each shoulder was applied before induction of anaesthesia. All patients received a total intravenous anaesthesia technique with propofol, fentanyl and vecuronium. Shoulder tip and wound pain were recorded on a visual analogue pain scale at five time intervals for 24 h after surgery. Results: A total of 80% of patients in the control group, 75% in the suprascapular nerve block group and 45% in the piroxicam patch group complained of shoulder tip pain during the recording period (P < 0.05). The scores for shoulder tip pain in the piroxicam patch group were significantly lower compared with the control group at 3, 6 and 12 h, and compared with the suprascapular nerve block group at 6 and 12 h. The need for analgesics was also significantly lower in the piroxicam patch group compared with the other two groups. Conclusions: Prophylactic piroxicam patches are effective and safe for the relief of shoulder tip pain after laparoscopy. Bilateral suprascapular nerve block is not effective in this setting.
Sarcopenia: Loss of mighty armor against frailty and aging (2023)

The goal of diabetes management is to achieve longevity and quality of life equivalent to those of people without diabetes, and for that, it is now deemed important to pay close attention not only to diabetic vascular complications but also to diabetic comorbidities, as is recommended by the Japan Diabetes Society. In this editorial, we focus on sarcopenia as an important diabetic comorbidity which is an aging-related phenomenon in skeletal muscle. Taking our recent report on a sarcopenia mouse model and other accumulated evidence into account, we propose the existence of a skeletal muscle-centered inter-tissue network that regulates frailty and systemic aging. Sarcopenia is deemed to be a state in which skeletal muscle serving as a protective mighty armor against frailty and systemic aging is lost, and it is vitally important to establish how to recover it and keep it in good shape, so that the goal of diabetes management can be achieved.
Global Unmet Needs in Cardiac Surgery (2018)

More than 6 billion people live outside industrialized countries and have insufficient access to cardiac surgery. Given the recently confirmed high prevailing mortality for rheumatic heart disease in many of these countries together with increasing numbers of patients needing interventions for lifestyle diseases due to an accelerating epidemiological transition, a significant need for cardiac surgery could be assumed. Yet, need estimates were largely based on extrapolated screening studies while true service levels remained unknown. A multi-author effort representing 16 high-, middle-, and low-income countries was undertaken to narrow the need assessment for cardiac surgery including rheumatic and lifestyle cardiac diseases as well as congenital heart disease on the basis of existing data deduction. Actual levels of cardiac surgery were determined in each of these countries on the basis of questionnaires, national databases, or annual reports of national societies. Need estimates range from 200 operations per million in low-income countries that are nonendemic for rheumatic heart disease to >1,000 operations per million in high-income countries representing the end of the epidemiological transition. Actually provided levels of cardiac surgery range from 0.5 per million in the assessed low- and lower-middle income countries (average 107 ± 113 per million; representing a population of 1.6 billion) to 500 in the upper-middle-income countries (average 270 ± 163 per million representing a population of 1.9 billion). By combining need estimates with the assessment of de facto provided levels of cardiac surgery, it emerged that a significant degree of underdelivery of often lifesaving open heart surgery does not only prevail in low-income countries but is also disturbingly high in middle-income countries.
Real-Time Application Processing for FPGA-Based Resilient Embedded Systems in Harsh Environments (2018)

Real-time embedded systems nowadays get employed in harsh environments such as space, nuclear sites to carry out critical operations. Along with the traditional software based (CPU) execution, FPGAs are now also emerging as a bright prospect to accomplish such routines. However, these platforms are often get plagued by faults generated due to the high radiations in such environments. As a result, the real-time applications running on the platform could also get jeopardized. Thus, efficient execution of a set of hard real-time applications on reconfigurable systems with anomaly detection and recovery mechanism is inevitable. This work aims at tackling such problem with a “healing” approach for extreme environments. Initially, the applications are intelligently partitioned for hardware and software execution, then attempts have been made to schedule hardware applications with intermittent preemption point. Upon detecting any abnormality on such distinct points, our approach orchestrates a healing mechanism to remediate the scenario without hampering the pre-determined schedule. Experimental validation of our proposed method reveals its effectiveness.