gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Per-COVID-19: A Benchmark Dataset for COVID-19 Percentage Estimation from CT-Scans (2021)

COVID-19 infection recognition is a very important step in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, many methods have been used to recognize COVID-19 infection including Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), X-ray scan, and Computed Tomography scan (CT- scan). In addition to the recognition of the COVID-19 infection, CT scans can provide more important information about the evolution of this disease and its severity. With the extensive number of COVID-19 infections, estimating the COVID-19 percentage can help the intensive care to free up the resuscitation beds for the critical cases and follow other protocol for less severity cases. In this paper, we introduce COVID-19 percentage estimation dataset from CT-scans, where the labeling process was accomplished by two expert radiologists. Moreover, we evaluate the performance of three Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures: ResneXt-50, Densenet-161, and Inception-v3. For the three CNN architectures, we use two loss functions: MSE and Dynamic Huber. In addition, two pretrained scenarios are investigated (ImageNet pretrained models and pretrained models using X-ray data). The evaluated approaches achieved promising results on the estimation of COVID-19 infection. Inception-v3 using Dynamic Huber loss function and pretrained models using X-ray data achieved the best performance for slice-level results: 0.9365, 5.10, and 9.25 for Pearson Correlation coefficient (PC), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), respectively. On the other hand, the same approach achieved 0.9603, 4.01, and 6.79 for PCsubj, MAEsubj, and RMSEsubj, respectively, for subject-level results. These results prove that using CNN architectures can provide accurate and fast solution to estimate the COVID-19 infection percentage for monitoring the evolution of the patient state.
Progressive autonomy: a method for gradually introducing autonomy into space missions (2004)

We present a method under development for introducing autonomy and agent-based software into future space and ground-based missions while both reducing the risk of mission failures and gaining the confidence and support of mission management and principal investigators (PIs). This is being done by using a mechanism to support dynamic agent-community evolution (e.g., agents adapting to community changes, agents joining a community or agents leaving a community). This dynamic capability of agents is necessary to achieve what we call "progressive autonomy", which allows the gradual introduction of autonomy and agent technology into missions without having to commit to the technology from the start. It will also allow the dynamic modification of satellite systems using agent migration to update and modify spacecraft capabilities on an as-needed basis, as well as allow the introduction of mission management and autonomy into existing missions.
Preliminary tests of a possible outdoor light adaptation solution for a fly inspired visual sensor: a biomimetic solution - biomed 2011. (2011)

Two previous papers, presented at RMBS in 2009 and 2010, introduced a fly inspired vision sensor that could adapt to indoor light conditions by mimicking the light adaptation process of the commonhousefly, Muscadomestica. A new system has been designed that should allow the sensor to adapt to outdoor light conditions which will enable the sensors use inapplications such as: unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) obstacle avoidance, UAV landing support, target tracking, wheelchair guidance, large structure monitoring, and many other outdoor applications. A sensor of this type is especially suited for these applications due to features of hyperacuity (or an ability to achieve movement resolution beyond the theoretical limit), extreme sensitivity to motion, and (through software simulation) image edge extraction, motion detection, and orientation and location of a line.Many of these qualities are beyond the ability of traditional computervision sensors such as charge coupled device (CCD) arrays.To achieve outdoor light adaptation, a variety of design obstacles have to be overcome such as infrared interference, dynamic range expansion, and light saturation. The newly designed system overcomes the latter two design obstacles by mimicking the flys solution of logarithmic compression followed by removal of the average background light intensity. This paper presents the new design and the preliminary tests that were conducted to determine its effectiveness.
The Orphan Crop Crassocephalum crepidioides Accumulates the Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Jacobine in Response to Nitrogen Starvation (2021)

<i>Crassocephalum crepidioides</i> is an African orphan crop that is used as a leafy vegetable and medicinal plant. Although it is of high regional importance in Sub-Saharan Africa, the plant is still mainly collected from the wild and therefore efforts are made to promote its domestication. However, in addition to beneficial properties, there was first evidence that <i>C. crepidioides</i> can accumulate the highly toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) jacobine and here it was investigated, how jacobine production is controlled. Using ecotypes from Africa and Asia that were characterized in terms of their PA profiles, it is shown that the tetraploid <i>C. crepidioides</i> forms jacobine, an ability that its diploid close relative <i>Crassocephalum rubens</i> appears to lack. Evidence is provided that nitrogen (N) deficiency strongly increases jacobine in the leaves of <i>C. crepidioides</i>, that this capacity depends more strongly on the shoot than the root system, and that homospermidine synthase (HSS) activity is not rate-limiting for this reaction. A characterization of <i>HSS</i> gene representation and transcription showed that <i>C. crepidioides</i> and <i>C. rubens</i> possess two functional versions, one of which is conserved, that the <i>HSS</i> transcript is mainly present in roots and that its abundance is not controlled by N deficiency. In summary, this work improves our understanding of how environmental cues impact PA biosynthesis in plants and provides a basis for the development of PA-free <i>C. crepidioides</i> cultivars, which will aid its domestication and safe use.
La estructura financiera de las corporaciones del sector de telecomunicaciones de la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores del período 1990-2010 (2011)

La estructura financiera es la mezcla de las fuentes de financiamiento que las empresas utilizan para suministrarse recursos. En este trabajo, se analiza la estructura financiera de las corporaciones del sector telecomunicaciones que cotizan en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (BMV) en el periodo de 1990-2010, para lo cual se calcularon los multiplos financieros, que describen la estructura de financiera, donde se incluyeron estados financieros del cuarto trimestre de 1989 hasta el cuarto trimestre de 2010, en total 85 trimestres de informacion. Estas corporaciones han mantenido una estructura financiera caracterizada por el uso de fuentes de financiamiento que usa pasivos que oscilan de 45 y 60%, y el resto con capital contable. Asimismo se encontro que estas corporaciones emplean alrededor de 50% de los pasivos en moneda extranjera y tambien emiten titulos accionarios en los mercados bursatiles nacionales como internacionales, tales son los casos de: Telmex, Televisa, Maxcom, America movil que emiten titulos en Nueva York
Circulating tumor cell capture in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (2014)

e22033 Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have been associated with outcome in epithelial malignancies, but conventional immunoaffinity capture has not been amenable to HCC given the rare expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecules in this malignancy. Here, we used a parylene-C slot microfilter to capture and characterize CTCs based on size and deformability in HCC patients (pts) initiating therapy. Methods: Pts were enrolled in 3 cohorts: Cohort 1 (C1): advanced disease (BCLC B and C), planned systemic therapy; cohort 2 (C2): (BCLC A and B), planned chemoembolization; cohort 3 (C3): within Milan criteria, listed for liver transplant. At baseline and subsequent time points, 7.5ml of blood was drawn for microfilter CTC enrichment and immunofluorescent staining for 4',6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole (DAPI nuclear stain), cytokeratin, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and Erk 1/2. Microfilter-captured cells were imaged on a Zeiss Axiozoom multispectral microscope, and merged and tiled images were assessed for stain-positive cells. Results: 83 pts have been enrolled (C1: 33 pts, C2: 26 pts, C3: 24 pts). Demographically the 3 cohorts were similar: 80% male, median age 62, 52% Hispanic, 24% Caucasian, 22% Asian and 2% other. 64% of pts had viral hepatitis and 65% had Child Pugh A cirrhosis. C1 had portal vein invasion (PVI) and extrahepatic spread in 33% and 52% of pts respectively, and median baseline serum AFP was 303 (median AFP was 44 for all 3 cohorts). Baseline CTCs were detected in 75% of pts across all cohorts (median 3, range 0-1154): C1: 1(0-28); C2: 5(0-1154); C3: 6(0-224). Baseline CTC counts were inversely related to BCLC stage, PVI and serum AFP (p values <0.001, 0.016, and 0.026 respectively). At first subsequent collection, CTCs increased in 50% of C1 pts, 60% of C2 and 61% of C3; CTCs decreased in 30% of C1, 20% of C2, and 33% of C3. Conclusions: CTCs were successfully captured from a majority of HCC pts across the spectrum of disease. The association between lower baseline CTC count and advanced disease is unexpected, and molecular characterization of CTCs has been undertaken in a subset of pts. Additional follow-up and analysis are ongoing to identify associations between CTCs (baseline and changes from baseline) and disease outcomes (progression, survival).
Using Ground Penetrating Radar to Measure Soil Moisture Content (2003)

Surface barriers covering landfills must ensure that water does not flow through the fill.The engineered barrier consists of about 2 m of silt loam underlain by sand, gravel, and asphalt.Knowing the amount of water and the changes in water content over time will allow engineers tomonitor the effectiveness of the surface barriers. To measure changes in soil moisture content overone year, we collected GPR data. Since the thickness and the composition of the prototype surfacebarrier did not change over this time, differences in the GPR response are due to changes in soilmoisture or water content in the barrier. GPR images changes in the subsurface that indicatechanges in soil moisture content. Our results indicate that the prototype surface barrier is drier in thesummer and wetter in the winter.
Decreased Mortality Rate Among COVID-19 Patients Prescribed Statins: Data From Electronic Health Records in the US (2021)

The severe respiratory illness due to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is triggered by an intense pro-inflammatory host response. Statins, prescribed primarily for lipid reduction, are known to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and have been associated with a reduced mortality rate among COVID-19 patients taking statins as reported in two recent retrospective studies. However, a meta-analysis that included nine studies showed that statin use did not improve in-hospital outcomes of those with COVID-19. In addition, concerns regarding the use of statins and an increase in COVID-19 infections have been raised, as statins may increase the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the primary receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Our goal was to investigate the effect of statins in COVID-19 patients in a large, diverse patient population across the United States containing nearly 120,000 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. We used propensity score matching of demographics, comorbidities, and medication indication to compare statin-treated patients (<i>N</i> = 2,297) with matched controls (<i>N</i> = 4,594). We observed a small, but statistically significant, decrease in mortality among patients prescribed statins (16.1%) when compared with matched COVID-19-positive controls (18.0 to 20.6%). These results support previous evidence that statins do not increase COVID-19-related mortality and may, in fact, have a mitigating effect on severity of the disease reflected in a slight reduction in mortality. Mixed findings on effects of statins in COVID-19 patients reported in the literature should prompt prospective randomized controlled trials in order to define better who might be advantaged with respect to clinical outcomes.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridine‐Stabilized Oxiranyl Remote Anions. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Real-Time Digital Filtering for IoT Data in Programmable Network Switches (2022)

This study seeks to optimally approximate fixed-point multiplication on a programmable switch to perform digital IIR filtering. For a stream of real-time IoT data, offloading digital filtering computations allows edge devices to allocate more CPU cycles for processing analytics in parallel. Multiplication is approximated through an adaptive bit width precision lookup table, and the formulas for the maximum possible percentage error and the memory consumption are shown. The users can access and alter the 32-bit filter coefficients to reflect the specifications of the desired IIR filter. This offers extensive flexibility for users to alter the filter characteristics through software.
Alpha‐1‐antitrypsin reduces inflammation and exerts chondroprotection in arthritis (2021)

While new treatments have been developed to control joint disease in rheumatoid arthritis, they are partially effective and do not promote structural repair of cartilage. Following an initial identification of α-1-Antitrypsin (AAT) during the resolution phase of acute inflammation, we report here the properties of this protein in the context of cartilage protection, joint inflammation, and associated pain behavior. Intra-articular and systemic administration of AAT reversed joint inflammation, nociception, and cartilage degradation in the KBxN serum and neutrophil elastase models of arthritis. Ex vivo analyses of arthritic joints revealed that AAT promoted transcription of col2a1, acan, and sox9 and downregulated mmp13 and adamts5 gene expression. In vitro studies using human chondrocytes revealed that SERPINA1 transfection and rAAT protein promoted chondrogenic differentiation through activation of PKA-dependent CREB signaling and inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Thus, AAT is endowed with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and chondroprotective properties that are partially inter-related. We propose that AAT could be developed for new therapeutic strategies to reduce arthritic pain and repair damaged cartilage.
Marijuana withdrawal and craving: influence of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) genes (2008)

These genetic findings may have both etiological and treatment implications. However, longitudinal studies will be needed to clarify whether these genetic variations influence the trajectory of marijuana use/dependence. The identification of underlying genetic differences in phenotypes such as craving and withdrawal may aid genetically targeted approaches to the treatment of cannabis dependence.
ChemInform Abstract: Photophysical and Photochemical Processes of 9,10‐Dihydro‐9‐silaanthracenes: Photochemical Generation and Electronic Structure of 9‐Phenyl‐9‐silaanthracene. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Numerical investigation of the resolution in solid immersion lens systems (2000)

Solid immersion microscopy, an optical method with the capability for super-resolution has received a considerable amount of attention in the literature in the past few years. The main targets of the technique are lithography, pattern inspection (including critical dimension measurement) and data storage. The classical theory predicts a resolution gain proportional to the refraction index of the solid immersion lens. The intent of the paper is to prove this prediction by means of simulations and to find optimum measuring conditions. To this end, we present a very efficient, rigorous modeling method. By means of this method, we show that the inclusion of evanescent waves is crucial for the resolution gain. This is detailed with different excitation and detection schemes. Further more, we investigate the impact of polarization and different sample types.
Serielle Beurteilung der Infarktgröße durch LGE und ECV-Mapping innerhalb von 6 Monaten nach akutem Herzinfarkt (2015)

T1-Mapping mit Bestimmung des extrazellulären Volumens (ECV) ist eine vielversprechende Methode, um das Ausmaß der myokardialen Schädigung zu quantifizieren. Ziel war es bei Patienten mit akutem Myokardinfarkt (AMI) die Größe des Myokardschadens mit late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) Sequenzen und ECV-Mapping vergleichend zu evaluieren und die Schwere des Myokardschadens durch ECV-Mapping zu quantifiziert.
Probiotics against airway allergy: host factors to consider (2018)

The worldwide prevalence of allergic diseases has drastically increased in the past decades. Recent studies underline the importance of microbial exposure for the development of a balanced immune system. Consequently, probiotic bacteria are emerging as a safe and natural strategy for allergy prevention and treatment. However, clinical probiotic intervention studies have so far yielded conflicting results. There is increasing awareness about the importance of host-associated factors that determine whether an individual will respond to a specific probiotic treatment, and it is therefore crucial to promote a knowledge-based instead of an empirical selection of promising probiotic strains and their administration regimen.In this Review, we summarize the insights from animal model studies of allergic disease, which reveal how host-related factors - such as genetic makeup, sex, age and microbiological status - can impact the outcomes of preventive or curative probiotic treatment. We explore why and how these factors can influence the results of probiotic studies and negatively impact the reproducibility in animal experiments. These same factors might profoundly influence the outcomes of human clinical trials, and can potentially explain the conflicting results from probiotic intervention studies. Therefore, we also link these host-related factors to human probiotic study outcomes in the context of airway allergies.
Metal-air battery assessment (1988)

The objective of this report is to evaluate the present technical status of the zinc-air, aluminum/air and iron/air batteries and assess their potential for use in an electric vehicle. In addition, this report will outline proposed research and development priorities for the successful development of metal-air batteries for electric vehicle application. 39 refs., 25 figs., 11 tabs.
Analysis of multiple gene co-expression networks to discover interactions favoring CFTR biogenesis and ΔF508-CFTR rescue (2021)

The ability of the M-module to identify dynamic modules involved in ΔF508 rescue provides a novel approach for studying CFTR biogenesis and identifying candidate suppressors of ΔF508.
60-GHz Patch Antennas and Arrays on LTCC With Embedded-Cavity Substrates (2008)

The design is presented of aperture-coupled microstrip line-fed patch antennas (ACMPAs) and 4times4 planar arrays on Ferro A6-S low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) substrate operating in the 60-GHz frequency band. In addition to the traditional ACMPA design, air cavities processed inside the LTCC substrate are used to improve the bandwidth and gain of the antennas. The arrays are excited through the microstrip-line feed networks using quarter-wave matched T-junctions and using Wilkinson power dividers. The results show that ACMPAs and arrays can be fabricated with a standard LTCC process even for the millimeter-wave region. Good agreement is achieved between simulations and measurements. The measured S-parameters indicate impedance bandwidths of 9.5% and 5.8% for the array elements with and without an embedded cavity. The measured maximum gains for the 16-element patch arrays (with and without cavity) are 18.2 and 15.7 dBi, respectively.
Steerability of articulated multi-tracked vehicles by flexed posture moving on slippery surface (2013)

Serpentine tracked robots -i. e., articulated multi-tracked vehicles -are designed to move on rough terrains and used for a variety of purposes, including search and rescue operations, planetary exploration and environmental investigations. The steerability of such vehicles depends on its posture and interaction between the vehicle and the ground. In previous research, kinematic models with slip information were derived for articulated multi-tracked vehicles. Such kinematic models, however, do not allow for the slippage of the vehicle that occurs when moving at a high speed or on a slippery surface. In this paper, we derive a dynamic model on which the frictional force is acting between the track shoes of each track of the vehicle and the ground for the slippery conditions. The frictional model neglecting static friction is given by a formula for the friction coefficient function proposed in the field of Teramechanics in order to mainly analyze slip behavior. The model is also used to analyze the steering properties, or steerability of the vehicles.
Predicting the Life Span of Dies Used for Soft Magnetic Core Motors (2015)

SUMMARY This paper describes a method of predicting the life span of the dies used in motor manufacture from soft magnetic composites (SMCs). In the present study, a clawtooth motor was used. The method involves performing a stress analysis of a die followed by fatigue testing of test pieces. In the analysis, the SMC was assumed to be in powder form and its yield function was derived by a simple method. In addition to the analysis, we describe a simpler and more effective method in which the properties of the SMC are treated as boundary conditions. In the fatigue tests, we used test pieces that simulated the shape and construction material of the die. To predict the life span of the die, we evaluate the SN diagram, which represents the relationship between the maximum stress and fatigue life with respect to the stress generated in the die. The life expectancy of a new die, which is about 100 cycles of use, is found to agree substantially with its actual life. Furthermore, we explain how to extend the life span of a die to the targeted life span, namely, more than 200,000 cycles of use, by changing its shape to reduce stress.
Dynamic simulation and experimental evaluation of EPDM synthesis with ET(IND)2ZRCL2/MAO catalyst system (2000)

A mathematical model for the homogeneous terpolymerization of ethylene–propylene–diene (EPDM) in a semibatch reactor using Et(Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO as a catalyst system was developed and reported herein. In this study, we developed a kinetic model in order to explain the catalyst and EPDM properties such as catalyst activity, weight-average molecular weight, and terpolymer composition, which were experimentally and theoretically obtained. For this system, a lower E/P feed ratio leads to a lower molecular weight and a broader initial molecular weight distribution, while the increase in diene concentration leads to a decrease in the catalyst activity without broadening the MWD of the resulting polymers. The proposed model accounts for these experimental trends and for some data in the literature.