gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
At-home dried blood spot (DBS) collection to increase population heterogeneity representation in pediatric research: An ECHO study (2023)

Self-collection of dried blood samples (DBS) in the participant's home provides an alternative to university/hospital visits for research and has the potential to improve the representation of population heterogeneity in research. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of guardian and/or self-DBS collection in healthy youth in the lab and home. Guardians/youth [<i>N</i> = 140; females = 63; <i>M</i> <sub>age</sub> = 8.73, <i>SD</i> <sub>age</sub> = 3.56] who enrolled in a longitudinal study of typical development were asked during a lab visit to provide a DBS. Upon providing a sample, the participants were asked if they would be willing to self-collect in the home and return the sample <i>via</i> the post office. Of those asked to provide a sample in the lab, 82% consented and 18% declined, with a significant difference in age but no significant difference in sex, ethnicity, race, or family income. Of those who provided a sample in the lab, 75% were willing to self-collect DBS in the home, with no significant difference in demographic variables between them. We report a quality assessment and DNA extraction results from a subset of samples. The results demonstrate a high feasibility of DBS collection from healthy youth for research purposes both in the laboratory and in the home across different demographic variables. Developmental researchers should consider including this approach in their studies to increase population heterogeneity representation.
Assessment of the effects of repeated doses of potassium iodide intake during pregnancy on male and female rat offspring using metabolomics and lipidomics (2019)

Preparedness for nuclear accident responsiveness includes interventions to protect pregnancies against prolonged exposure to radioactive iodine. The aim of this study was to investigate a new design consisting of repeated administration of potassium iodide (KI, 1 mg/kg) for 8 days in late pregnancy gestational day 9-16 (GD9-GD16) in rats. The later-life effects of this early-life iodine thyroid blocking (ITB) strategy were assessed in offspring two months afterbirth. Functional behavioral tests including forced swimming test (FST) and rotarod test (RRT) in rats of both genders showed lower FST performance in KI-treated females and lower RRT performance in KI-treated male pups. This performance decline was associated with metabolic disruptions in cortex involving amino acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, as well as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) lipids and signaling lipids in males and females. Beyond these behavior-associated metabolic changes, a portion of the captured metabolome (17-25%) and lipidome (3.7-7.35%) remained sensitive to <i>in utero</i> KI prophylactic treatment in both cortex and plasma of post-weaning rats, with some gender-related variance. Only part of these disruptions was attributed to lower levels of TSH and T4 (males only). The KI-induced metabolic shifts involved a broad spectrum of functions encompassing metabolic and cell homeostasis and cell signaling functions. Irrespective Regardless of gender and tissues, the predominant effects of KI affected neurotransmitters, amino acid metabolism, and omega-3 DHA metabolism. Taken together, data demonstrated that repeated daily KI administration at 1 mg/kg/day for 8 days during late pregnancy failed to protect the mother-fetus against nuclear accident radiation. <b>Abbreviations:</b> CV-ANOVA: Cross-validation analysis of variance; DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid; FST: Forced swimming test; FT3: plasma free triiodothyronine; FT4: plasma free thyroxine; GD: Gestational day; ITB: Iodine thyroid blocking; KI: potassium iodide; LC/MS: Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry; MTBE: Methyl tert-butyl ether; m/z: mass-to-charge ratio; PLS-DA: Partial least squares-discriminant analysis; PRIODAC: Repeated stable iodide prophylaxis in accidental radioactive releases; RRT: Rotarod test; TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone; VIP: Variable importance in projection.
1P-048 X-ray crystallographic analysis of SecDF periplasmic domain from Thermus thermophilus(The 46th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2008)

TheBiophysicalSociety of
On deriving lumped models for blood flow and pressure in the systemic arteries (2004)

Windkessel and similar lumped models are often used to represent blood flow and pressure in systemic arteries. The windkessel model was originally developed by Stephen Hales (1733) and Otto Frank (1899) who used it to describe blood flow in the heart. In this paper we start with the onedimensional axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations for time-dependent blood flow in a rigid vessel to derive lumped models relating flow and pressure. This is done through Laplace transform and its inversion via residue theory. Upon keeping contributions from one, two, or more residues, we derive lumped models of successively higher order. We focus on zeroth, first and second order models and relate them to electrical circuit analogs, in which current is equivalent to flow and voltage to pressure. By incorporating effects of compliance through addition of capacitors, windkessel and related lumped models are obtained. Our results show that given the radius of a blood vessel, it is possible to determine the order of the model that would be appropriate for analyzing the flow and pressure in that vessel. For instance, in small rigid vessels ( R < 0.2 cm) it is adequate to use Poiseuille's law to express the relation between flow and pressure, whereas for large vessels it might be necessary to incorporate spatial dependence by using a one-dimensional model accounting for axial variations.
Methodology for a Better Evaluation of the Relation Between Mechanical Strength of Solids and Polymorphic Form (1989)

In order to evaluate the role played by polymorphism in the mechanical strength of solid dosage forms (e.g. compressed tablets) and minimize the influence of other factors (such as compaction force, porosity, particle size, and possibly crystal habit), a melted disc technology was developed. With this technique, tablet-shaped discs of zero porosity were prepared by melting powder and subsequent crystallization in the desired modifications. Taking phenobarbitone as a model drug, different methods were used to get discs of forms I, II and III and the amorphous form. Mechanical properties of the discs were assessed, primarily through their bending strength. The Vickers hardness number was also determined for some specimen discs and monocrystals. Results showed that the amorphous form and form III of phenobarbitone gave the toughest discs and would therefore the most suitable materials to manufacture coherent tablets. Moreover, the various preparation methods used resulted in discs of different internal structures. Both crystal size and crystal habit significantly affected the physical properties of the tested materials.
Compact gas-insulated systems for high voltage direct current transmission: Basic design (2016)

The design of insulating elements for HVAC GIS is optimized for a capacitive field distribution. An intrinsic difference between AC and DC is however that the DC conductivity of insulation materials is strongly temperature dependent, while their permittivity varies only weakly with temperature. As a consequence, the resistive field is enhanced where the DC conductivity is at its minimum, i.e. in cold regions of the insulation. Besides, the accumulation of space and surface charges have to be observed as well as the specific load at superposition of impulse voltages. Using of multi-physics simulation tools the analysis of temperature and electrical field distribution is now possible with high accuracy, taking the following parameters into consideration: temperature and electrical field dependent characteristics of the insulating materials, accumulation of space and surface charges and the superposition of DC and impulse voltages.
Trace elements as predictors of preeclampsia in type 1 diabetic pregnancy (2020)

Preeclampsia (PE) affects approximately 5% of all pregnancies, but is increased several-fold in women with pre-gestational type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Increased oxidative stress and altered maternal plasma trace elements that modulate the antioxidant system have been implicated in PE. In non-diabetic women, increased plasma copper and iron, and decreased manganese, selenium, and zinc have been associated with PE in cross-sectional studies. In a longitudinal study, we hypothesized that plasma levels of trace elements differ between T1DM women with vs. without subsequent PE. Samples were collected during the first (gestation 12.2 ± 1.9 weeks, (mean ± SD)), second (21.6 ± 1.5 weeks), and third (31.5 ± 1.7 weeks) trimesters of pregnancy, all before the onset of PE. We compared 23 T1DM women who subsequently developed PE with 24 T1DM women who remained normotensive; and we included 19 non-diabetic (non-DM) normotensive pregnant women as reference controls. Trace elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). In T1DM women with subsequent PE vs. normotensive, only plasma zinc was significantly higher at the first trimester, while copper:zinc and copper:HDL-cholesterol ratios were higher throughout gestation (all p<0.05). These findings persisted after adjustment for covariates. Higher copper:zinc ratios may contribute to oxidative stress in T1DM women who develop PE. Ratio of pro- to anti-oxidant factors may predict risk for PE in diabetic pregnancies more effectively than individual trace element levels.
Behavior of Elastic Rod Falling into a Vibrating Circular Cylinder (1984)

An elastic rod falling into a vibrating circular cylinder is a model of a control rod falling into a thimble of PWR nuclear reactor core under an earthquake excitation. In this paper, the dynamical behavior of the rod is clarified by taking collision and friction between the rod and the thimble into consideration, and time required for the rod to fall into the thimble is estimated by a simplified analytical model, which is based on the results of a computer simulation. The influences of input acceleration, input frequency, and coefficient of friction upon the falling time of the rod are examined, and it is revealed that the friction at a guide tube located above the thimble plays an important role in determining the falling time of the rod.
Quantitative Morphometry of Perifoveal Capillary Networks in the Human Retina (2012)

Capillary networks in the human perifovea are morphometrically heterogeneous. Morphometric features of regional capillary networks in the layered retina may serve a critical role in supporting neuronal homeostasis. Improved knowledge of these features may be important for understanding pathogenic mechanisms underlying retinal vascular diseases.
Effects of Physical Activity and Aerobic Exercise Capacity on Aortic Stiffness in Patients With Untreated Hypertension (2009)

Background and Objectives: High aerobic exercise capacity and sport-related physical activity are reported to be inversely associated with arterial stiffness in healthy young adults. However, it is unknown whether increased physical activity and/or high aerobic exercise capacity attenuate arterial stiffness in patients with untreated hypertension. Subjects and Methods: We studied subjects with never-treated hypertension {n=84 (55 males); mean age±SD, 49±7 years; age range, 36-65 years}. We excluded subjects with a history of diabetes, angina, myocardial infarction, major arrhythmia, or cerebrovascular diseases and those who were taking any cardiovascular medications, including lipid-lowering agents. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and heart-femoral pulse wave velocity (hfPWV) were measured before exercise testing was performed. Physical activity was estimated using a modified Baecke questionnaire. Aerobic exercise capacity was measured with maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (maximum oxygen uptake, Vo2max). Results: Linear regression analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between sport-index and hfPWV (r=-0.404; p 0.05). Carotid IMT was not associated with physical activity indices or Vo2max. Conclusion: In patients with untreated hypertension, increased sport activity was associated with lower aortic stiffness, but high aerobic exercise capacity was not. These results suggest that regular daily exercise, but not exercise capacity, is an important determinant of aortic stiffness in patients with untreated hypertension. (Korean Circ J 2009;39:52-56)
Generalized anxiety disorder: prevalence, burden, and cost to society (2002)

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent and disabling disorder characterized by persistent worrying, anxiety symptoms, and tension. It is the most frequent anxiety disorder in primary care, being present in 22% of primary care patients who complain of anxiety problems. The high prevalence rate of GAD in primary care (8%) compared to that reported in the general population (12-month prevalence 1.9-5.1%) suggests that GAD patients are high users of primary care resources. GAD affects women more frequently than men and prevalence rates are high in midlife (prevalence in females over age 35: 10%) and older subjects but relatively low in adolescents. The natural course of GAD can be characterized as chronic with few complete remissions, a waxing and waning course of GAD symptoms, and the occurrence of substantial comorbidity particularly with depression. Patients with GAD demonstrate a considerable degree of impairment and disability, even in its pure form, uncomplicated by depression or other mental disorders. The degree of impairment is similar to that of cases with major depression. GAD comorbid with depression usually reveals considerably higher numbers of disability days in the past month than either condition in its pure form. As a result, GAD is associated with a significant economic burden owing to decreased work productivity and increased use of health care services, particularly primary health care. The appropriate use of psychological treatments and antidepressants may improve both anxiety and depression symptoms and may also play a role in preventing comorbid major depression in GAD thus reducing the burden on both the individual and society.
Entropy-based Pruning of Backoff Language Models (2000)

A criterion for pruning parameters from N-gram backoff language models is developed, based on the relative entropy between the original and the pruned model. It is shown that the relative entropy resulting from pruning a single N-gram can be computed exactly and efficiently for backoff models. The relative entropy measure can be expressed as a relative change in training set perplexity. This leads to a simple pruning criterion whereby all N-grams that change perplexity by less than a threshold are removed from the model. Experiments show that a production-quality Hub4 LM can be reduced to 26% its original size without increasing recognition error. We also compare the approach to a heuristic pruning criterion by Seymore and Rosenfeld (1996), and show that their approach can be interpreted as an approximation to the relative entropy criterion. Experimentally, both approaches select similar sets of N-grams (about 85% overlap), with the exact relative entropy criterion giving marginally better performance.
Human Sexuality (2003)

Abstract That concupiscent is to romantic as lust is to love, as vice is to virtue, and as masculine is to feminine is widespread in today's idiomatic assumptions of the cause of human sexual conduct. Not so. Concupiscent and romantic sexuality overlap and merge and are multivariate. Both are partly phylogenically and partly ontogenetically determined. Courtship and mating are more robotically programmed in subhuman species than in humans. Derobotization of human sexuality may have been a feature of a more inclusive behavioral derobotization associated with the evolution of human language mapping in the brain and synchronously in the mind. Hypothetically, the evolutionary line of descent has been from qua-drupedal to bipedal, from nose to eyes, and from robotic to nonrobotic. An episode of mating is divisible into three stages: proceptive, acceptive, and conceptive, each of which mixes phylogenic and ontogenic determinants in variable degree. Contrectation, foreplay and erogenous zones are the proceptive terms made popular in marriage manuals of a century ago. Male and female mammals are programmed to be reciprocal, not identical in courtship and mating. In the human species, the reciprocality is exemplified in the male's greater dependence on the visual than the contrectative stimulus for erotic arousal, and vice versa for the female, though the difference is not absolute. Lovemap is the term that names an Supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Department of Health and Human Services, individual's brain/mind coding that depicts the ideation, imagery, and practices of romanticism and concupiscence. Pairbonded lovemaps may be ideologically correct, or they may be stigmatized as pathological or criminal, and as societally deviant, as in the case of some paraphilias. There are seven grand stratagems of paraphilias. Paraphilias constitute a major challenge in public health, witness the current dilemma of the church and sexual child abuse.
Structure and properties of multilayered siloxane–organic hybrid films prepared using long-chain organotrialkoxysilanes containing CC double bonds (2007)

Oriented multilayered films composed of alternating siloxane layers and organic layers were prepared from mixtures of tetramethoxysilane [Si(OMe)4] and unsaturated organotrimethoxysilane [RSi(OMe)3, where R is CH2CH(CH2)8– or CH2CH(CH2)2CHCH(CH2)4–], and the structures and macroscopic properties of the films were studied. Hydrolysis and partial condensation of the precursors led to the formation of amphiphilic organosiloxane species which self-assemble into lamellar phases. Polymerization of the organic phase occurred by UV irradiation, as evidenced by substantial decreases of the IR absorption bands due to –CHCH2 or –CHCH– groups. The hardness of the films was remarkably increased by the irradiation, due to the covalent linking of adjacent siloxane layers by organic polymerization. The films after organic polymerization had a much higher resistance to an alkaline solution, which enabled the patterning of the films on the micrometer length scale. These results provide an important insight into the structure–property relationships of nanostructured hybrid materials prepared by sol–gel chemistry.
Sampled Bragg gratings in chalcogenide (As2S3) rib-waveguides (2006)

We have written a sampled Bragg grating into a highly photosensitive chalcogenide (As(2)S(3)) rib-waveguide using a scanning Sagnac interferometer. The grating exhibits evenly spaced rejection peaks over a 40 nm bandwidth. We estimate the induced refractive index change of the waveguide to be over 0.03 by matching the measured spectrum to numerical solutions of the coupled mode equations while accounting for an induced chirp. The sampled Bragg grating presented is comparable in strength and bandwidth to the best sampled Bragg gratings obtained to date in silica optical fibre.
Caractérisation électrique du polyacrylate VHB 4910 en vue de son intégration dans des générateurs électrostatiques souples (2014)

International audience
A Visibility Analysis of the Cape Wind Project (2008)

Cape Wind has proposed a wind farm of 130 turbines on Horseshoe Shoal in the center of Nantucket Sound. A prominent concern about the project is the impact the visibility of the turbines will have on the region's tourism industry and property values. It is feared that their presence will diminish the value of the pristine coastline that has attracted vacationers to Cape Cod for generations. In this project, we assess the extent to which Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard, and Nantucket will be visually affected by the wind farm. It was completed using a Viewshed Analysis in the GIS program, ArcMap, from the surface, mean, and maximum height of the towers. These Viewsheds were combined to give a comprehensive perspective of which areas are able to see the highest percent of the wind farm. Finally, a weighted land use value was applied to the Viewshed to account for the impact of land use on the ability to see the project. The objective of this analysis is to provide a visual representation of how great an influence the wind farm will in fact have on Cape Cod.
d2_cluster: A Validated Method for Clustering EST and Full-Length cDNA Sequences (1999)

Several efforts are under way to condense single-read expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and full-length transcript data on a large scale by means of clustering or assembly. One goal of these projects is the construction of gene indices where transcripts are partitioned into index classes (or clusters) such that they are put into the same index class if and only if they represent the same gene. Accurate gene indexing facilitates gene expression studies and inexpensive and early partial gene sequence discovery through the assembly of ESTs that are derived from genes that have yet to be positionally cloned or obtained directly through genomic sequencing. We describe d2_cluster, an agglomerative algorithm for rapidly and accurately partitioning transcript databases into index classes by clustering sequences according to minimal linkage or "transitive closure" rules. We then evaluate the relative efficiency of d2_cluster with respect to other clustering tools. UniGene is chosen for comparison because of its high quality and wide acceptance. It is shown that although d2_cluster and UniGene produce results that are between 83% and 90% identical, the joining rate of d2_cluster is between 8% and 20% greater than UniGene. Finally, we present the first published rigorous evaluation of under and over clustering (in other words, of type I and type II errors) of a sequence clustering algorithm, although the existence of highly identical gene paralogs means that care must be taken in the interpretation of the type II error. Upper bounds for these d2_cluster error rates are estimated at 0.4% and 0.8%, respectively. In other words, the sensitivity and selectivity of d2_cluster are estimated to be >99.6% and 99.2%.
Prostatic kallikrein hK2, but not prostate-specific antigen (hK3), activates single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (1997)

Our work was undertaken to compare the relative efficiency of 2 purified prostatic kallikreins, namely, hK2 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA or hK3), in the activation of single-chain urokinase (scuPA). We found that hK2 converts scuPA into an active enzyme with an efficiency equal to approximately 1/50 that of plasmin. During the activation of scuPA by hK2, two fragments of 33 and 22 kDa were generated. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the 33 kDa fragment showed that hK2 cleaved scuPA between Lys158 and Ile159. In contrast to a previous report by another group, our purified hK3 preparation containing no trypsin-like contaminants was totally unable to activate scuPA. Our results show that kallikrein hK2 has plasmin-like activity and suggest that it could be the initiator of a proteolytic cascade leading to prostatic cancer invasion.