gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maternal immune activation during pregnancy alters early neurobehavioral development in nonhuman primate offspring (2020)

ABSTRACT Background Human epidemiologic studies have implicated exposure to infectious or inflammatory insults during gestation in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Rodent models of maternal immune activation (MIA) have identified the maternal immune response as the critical link between maternal infection and aberrant brain and behavior development in offspring. The nonhuman primate MIA model provides an opportunity to maximize the translational utility of this model in a species more closely related to humans. Methods Here we evaluate the effects of MIA on brain and behavioral development in the rhesus monkey ( Macaca mulatta ). A modified form of the viral mimic, Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PolyIC), was delivered to pregnant rhesus monkeys ( n =14) in the late first trimester to stimulate a maternal immune response. Control dams received saline injections at the same gestational time points ( n =10) or were untreated ( n =4). Results MIA-treated dams exhibited a strong immune response as indexed by transient increases in sickness behavior, temperature and inflammatory cytokines. MIA-exposed offspring developed species typical milestones and demonstrate subtle changes in early in social development. However, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated significant gray matter volume reductions in prefrontal and frontal cortices at 6, 12 and 24 months of age. Conclusions These findings provide new insights into the emergence of neuropathology in MIA-exposed primates and have implications for the pathophysiology of human psychiatric disorders associated with maternal gestational infection.
Investigation of Subjective Acoustical Attributes by Performers Through Ranking Data Analyses (2009)

This paper focuses on the acoustic perception of professional musicians performing on a stage or in an orchestra pit. A questionnaire was used to obtain a 'priority classification' of acoustical attributes to describe their requirements. The Borda count was chosen as the analysis method. As it is not suggested for subjective data ascribed to ordinal scales, it has been validated through a comparison with the more rigorous and suitable Condorcet method and a modified version of this method. The uncertainty assessment was taken into account and the Normalized Error was used to compare the results related to five orchestra-concert hall configurations and one orchestra-opera house configuration. The factors that influence the ranking have been investigated and the different acoustical conditions in the auditorium do not seem to have affected the answers. The results suggest the existence of possible orchestra and stage effects or other unknown systematic effects which were not considered in the final classification. The attributes pertaining to the accuracy of ensemble playing and the playing technique were judged to be more important than those related to the stage or pit acoustics, even though the quality of the playing aspects depends on the acoustics.
Subtyping of children with developmental dyslexia via bootstrap aggregated clustering and the gap statistic: comparison with the double‐deficit hypothesis (2007)

The study provides support for the presence of distinct subtypes in children with developmental dyslexia and for the double-deficit hypothesis. Specifically, this study finds three subtypes predicted by the double-deficit hypothesis without the assumption of an a priori theoretical model of reading. Taken together, these subtypes account for 79% of the participants with dyslexia. Further, the percentages of children in each subtype are in good agreement with previous studies. The participants in the subtype not predicted by the double-deficit hypothesis were significantly older than the other three groups. Recent advances in unsupervised learning can be expected to aid the improvement and refinement of the definition of developmental dyslexia. If reliable and consistent subtypes can be identified among persons with developmental dyslexia, it is reasonable to assume that diagnostic and intervention efforts will be greatly improved.
Hole Doping to Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Sapphire Substrate Induced by Heat Treatment (2008)

We studied the effects of heat treatment on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) aligned on a sapphire (α-Al2O3) substrate to understand the interaction between the SWNTs and sapphire. The Raman measurements showed a clear upshift of the G-band after heat treatment at 1000 °C in a high vacuum. Furthermore, Auger spectroscopy showed an increase of the [Al]/[O] atomic ratio of the sapphire surface upon heat treatment, indicating the removal of oxygen atoms from the sapphire surface. The observed upshift of the G-band is accounted for by the hole doping to the aligned SWNTs from the oxygen-deficient sapphire substrate. This annealing-induced carrier doping from the underlying substrate would offer a new and unique approach to modify the electronic structure of SWNTs.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children and Adolescents: Towards a Consensus (1998)

This article summarizes the content of an international workshop on the diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in children and adolescents that was held in Pisa, Italy, in March 1998. The issues discussed are divided into those addressing the definition and diagnosis, and the treatment of GHD in children and adolescents, and those concerning the transition of patients with GHD from adolescence to adulthood. Recommendations are presented for improving the diagnosis and management of children and adolescents with GHD and issues are highlighted that require further studies to be undertaken before recommendations can be made.
Adaptive Pooling Operators for Weakly Labeled Sound Event Detection (2018)

Sound event detection (SED) methods are tasked with labeling segments of audio recordings by the presence of active sound sources. SED is typically posed as a supervised machine learning problem, requiring strong annotations for the presence or absence of each sound source at every time instant within the recording. However, strong annotations of this type are both labor- and cost-intensive for human annotators to produce, which limits the practical scalability of SED methods. In this paper, we treat SED as a multiple instance learning (MIL) problem, where training labels are static over a short excerpt, indicating the presence or absence of sound sources but not their temporal locality. The models, however, must still produce temporally dynamic predictions, which must be aggregated (pooled) when comparing against static labels during training. To facilitate this aggregation, we develop a family of adaptive pooling operators - referred to as autopool - which smoothly interpolate between common pooling operators, such as min-, max-, or average-pooling, and automatically adapt to the characteristics of the sound sources in question. We evaluate the proposed pooling operators on three datasets, and demonstrate that in each case, the proposed methods outperform nonadaptive pooling operators for static prediction, and nearly match the performance of models trained with strong, dynamic annotations. The proposed method is evaluated in conjunction with convolutional neural networks, but can be readily applied to any differentiable model for time-series label prediction. While this paper focuses on SED applications, the proposed methods are general, and could be applied widely to MIL problems in any domain.
Supramolecular Photochemistry and Photophysics. A [3]-Catenand and its Mononuclear and Homo- and Heterodinuclear [3]-Catenates (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSupramolecular Photochemistry and Photophysics. A [3]-Catenand and its Mononuclear and Homo- and Heterodinuclear [3]-CatenatesNicola Armaroli, Vincenzo Balzani, Francesco Barigelletti, Luisa De Cola, Lucia Flamigni, Jean Pierre Sauvage, and Catherine HemmertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 12, 5211–5217Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00091a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00091a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views327Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of four serum components on survival of Treponema pallidum and its attachment to rabbit cells in vitro. (1986)

Transferrin and, to a lesser extent, insulin were two components of serum that enhanced the survival of Treponema pallidum in microaerophilic, acellular medium. These two components also enhanced the attachment of T pallidum to baby rabbit genital organ (BRGO) cells in both aerobic and microaerophilic tissue culture systems. Growth hormone and epidermal growth factor marginally enhanced the attachment of T pallidum to BRGO cells.
Prophylactic Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Does Not Affect Pharmacokinetics or Pharmacodynamics of Methotrexate (2016)

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is used as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci during chemotherapy. Many groups recommend withholding TMP/SMX during high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) for concerns that it will delay methotrexate clearance. We compared methotrexate exposure following HDMTX (NCT00549848) in 424 patients including 783 courses that were given concurrently and 602 courses that were not given concurrently with TMP/SMX. Among 176 patients (555 courses) on the low-risk arm (HDMTX=2.5 g/m/24 h), there was no difference in clearance (110.7 [1.8%] vs. 108.2 [0.9%] mL/min/m, P=0.3) nor in 42 hour methotrexate concentration (0.37 [5.1%] vs. 0.40 (5.0%) μM, P=0.23). Among 248 patients (830 courses) on the standard/high-risk arm (HDMTX ~5 g/m/24 h), there was slightly higher clearance (95.5 [1.4%] vs. 91.2 [0.8%] mL/min/m, P=0.005) in those receiving TMP/SMX, with no difference in the 42 hour methotrexate concentration (0.59 [4.1%] vs. 0.66 [4.2%] μM, P=0.06). There was no difference in neutrophil counts based on TMP/SMX during HDMTX (P=0.83). TMP/SMX also did not have a significant impact on myelosuppression of low-dose methotrexate (40 mg/m) given during continuation therapy among 230 patients enrolled on a prior study (NCT00137111). Thus, we found no evidence for an interaction between methotrexate and TMP/SMX given prophylactically.
Using dynamic risk estimation &amp; social network analysis to detect money laundering evolution (2013)

We propose a risk model for money laundering that assigns a risk value for transactions being a part of a larger chain of transactions that may be a part of a money laundering scheme. We use social networks to connect missing links in potential transaction sequences. Taken together we can provide a financial sector independent risk assessment to submitted transactions. The proposed risk model is validated using data from realistic scenarios and our already developed money laundering evolution detection framework (MLEDF). MLEDF uses sequence matching, case-based analysis, social network analysis, and complex event processing to link fraudulent transaction trails - a series of linked money laundering schemes. MLEDF has components to collect data, run them against business rules and evolution models, run detection algorithms and use social network analysis to connect potential participants.
Acoustic Imaging of Underwater Embedded Objects: Signal Simulation for Three-Dimensional Sonar Instrumentation (2006)

This paper presents a method able to emulate the signals received by a sonar system exploring a submerged environment. The simulation of the response of an underwater scene insonified by a wideband pulse has been based on the reproduction of the interactions of the acoustic field with a buried object, with the seabed surface, and with the sediment volume. The signals gathered by the sonar array are emulated by modeling the surfaces of both the seabed and objects as a dense random grid of small discrete scatterers, by following Rayleigh's law, and by integrating the responses of the scatterers. The roughness effects are simulated by allowing random distances from the actual scatterer positions to their nominal positions on the surface. Sediment-volume inhomogeneities are modeled by a random distribution of the small asymmetrical scattering volumes, characterized by their three-dimensional (3-D) dimensions, densities, and sound velocities. In general, the simulator is very flexible in defining the object, the related scenario, and the major physical parameters involved. A voxel-based beamforming to generate the 3-D images starting with the simulated signals is also presented and briefly discussed. The 3-D images obtained appear very realistic and contain all the expected elements in the right relationships, including the typical speckle noise
Effect of various working fluid compositions on combustion noise in diesel engines (1994)

Increasingroad traffic has brought about legislation aimed at reducing noise from vehcle engines. Noise is transmitted throughout the engine block and other rigidly attached components as vibration. These vibrations can exists across the entire spectrum of frequencies. When they are in the range at which a healthy human ear can hear they radiatefrom the engine structure as audible. This noise and vibration can create severe problems for the engine structure, its operators, and the surroundings. Engine noise can be grouped into one of three categories; air flow, mechanical and combustion noise. Most of previous research undertakenhas investigated means of reducing air flow and mechanical noise primarily through the use of dampers, better balancing techniques and acoustic enclosures. Such solutions require extensive and usually expensive physical modifications to the engine structure. However, reduction of the prima~y noise source, combustion noise, requires detailed insight into and modification of the combustion process itself. Combustion noise can be the predominant source of noise in diesel engines and in high compression lightweight gasoline engines. High compression ratio engines have a tendency to exhibit faster rates of combustion chamber pressure rise and are, therefore, more prone to elevatedlevels of combustion noise. Although not the only factor to effect combustion noise, rate of pressure rise is most definitely a primary parameter. In thls paper an investigation is reported on the effect whlch variation in intake mixture composition have on combustion noise in an indirect injection (IDI) hesel engine across a wide range of audible and inaudible frequencies. Pressure rise and rate of pressure rise are also monitored to provide a better understandmg of the relationshp between the combus tion process and noise production. Relationships were establishedrelating combustion noise levels, rate of pressure rise, intake mixture composition andload. These are given in here. Introduction The use of intake mixture modification through such techniques as exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) with sparkignition engines has become a common technique used for reducing the emissions of automobile pollutants. However, until recently especially outside of Europe, diesel engines were seldom equipped wi th similar environmentally beneficial EGR equipment. However, a form of EGR diesel unit, commonly called the closed cycle diesel, has been used and investigated sporadically for over 80 years for utilisation as an airindependent submarine power system [I]. Recent investigations into EGR systems have shown that the technique used to make the diesel operate independentof air may have many land based environmental benefits by being developedas a method of emission control for diesel engines
Highly Fluorinated Tris(indazolyl)borate Silylamido Complexes of the Heavier Alkaline Earth Metals: Synthesis, Characterization, and Efficient Catalytic Intramolecular Hydroamination (2015)

Heteroleptic silylamido complexes of the heavier alkaline earth elements calcium and strontium containing the highly fluorinated 3-phenyl hydrotris(indazolyl)borate {F12-Tp(4Bo, 3Ph)}(-) ligand have been synthesized by using salt metathesis reactions. The homoleptic precursors [Ae{N(SiMe3)2}2] (Ae = Ca, Sr) were treated with [Tl(F12-Tp(4Bo, 3Ph))] in pentane to form the corresponding heteroleptic complexes [(F12-Tp(4Bo, 3Ph))Ae{N(SiMe3)2}] (Ae = Ca (1); Sr (3)). Compounds 1 and 3 are inert towards intermolecular redistribution. The molecular structures of 1 and 3 have been determined by using X-ray diffraction. Compound 3 exhibits a Sr⋅⋅⋅MeSi agostic distortion. The synthesis of the homoleptic THF-free compound [Ca{N(SiMe2H)2}2] (4) by transamination reaction between [Ca{N(SiMe3)2}2] and HN(SiMe2H)2 is also reported. This precursor constitutes a convenient starting material for the subsequent preparation of the THF-free complex [(F12-Tp(4Bo, 3Ph))Ca{N(SiMe2H)2}] (5). Compound 5 is stabilized in the solid state by a Ca⋅⋅⋅β-Si-H agostic interaction. Complexes 1 and 3 have been used as precatalysts for the intramolecular hydroamination of 2,2-dimethylpent-4-en-1-amine. Compound 1 is highly active, converting completely 200 equivalents of aminoalkene in 16 min with 0.50 mol % catalyst loading at 25 °C.
Quantitative analysis on size dependence of eutectic temperature of alloy nanoparticles in the Ag–Pb system (2011)

The eutectic transition of Ag–Pb alloy nanoparticles was investigated using in situ transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the eutectic temperature of Ag–Pb alloy nanoparticles decreased with decreasing particle size. A linear relationship was obtained for the eutectic temperature as a function of the reciprocal of the particle radius. Theoretical calculations based on the theory of thermodynamics also suggested a linear relationship between the eutectic temperature and the inverse radius. The calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental observations.
High detectivity InGaN-GaN multiquantum well p-n junction photodiodes (2003)

InGaN-GaN multiquantum well (MQW) p-n junction photodiodes with semi-transparent Ni-Au electrodes were fabricated and characterized. It was found that the fabricated InGaN-GaN p-n junction photodiodes exhibit a 20-V breakdown voltage and a photocurrent to dark current contrast ratio of ∼10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> when a 0.4-V reverse bias was applied. The peak responsivity at 380 nm was 1.28 and 1.76 A/W with a 0.1- and 3-V applied reverse bias, respectively. Furthermore, an internal gain was found from our InGaN-GaN MQW p-n junction photodiodes possibly due to the long-lifetime of GaN based materials. Also, it was found that the low frequency noise of our photodiodes was dominated by the 1/f type noise. For a given bandwidth of 500 Hz, the corresponding noise equivalent power and normalized detectivity D/sup */ were found to be 6.34×10/sup -13/ W and 4.45×10/sup 11/ cm/spl middot/Hz/sup 0.5/ W/sup -1/, respectively.
The genetic architecture of local adaptation and the genomic exploration of rugged evolutionary landscapes within species of Pinus subgenus Strobus (2018)

Naturally occurring genetic diversity is the material upon which much of the biodiversity we attribute to forested ecosystems is based. The structuring of genetic diversity within natural populations of forest trees results from the interplay of numerous evolutionary forces, such as genetic drift, migration, and natural selection. Landscape genomics is concerned with testing hypotheses about how these interacting evolutionary forces change over geographical space and time to shape naturally occurring patterns of this diversity. Here, I will use a landscape genomic approach to illustrate how genetic drift, migration, and natural selection interact to determine patterns of genetic diversity, including the genetic diversity underlying fitness-related phenotypes, at multiple spatial scales within natural populations of forest trees.
Error performance analysis of multilevel turbo-code with antenna diversity (2002)

A channel coding scheme is analyzed that features parallel concatenated systematic space-time codes with multilevel modulation and multiple transmit/receive antennas. The scheme is referred to as turbo space-time coded modulation (turbo-STCM). It combines the advantages of turbo codes with the diversity of space-time codes. The scheme features full diversity and full rate. We also extend turbo-STCM to the case of large numbers of antennas (>2). Simulation results are provided over the block-fading channel. It is shown that this turbo scheme provides an advantage of 1.1 dB over conventional space-time codes of similar decoding complexity. The analytical union bound of the bit error probability is derived for turbo-STCM over the Rayleigh block-fading channel. The bound makes it possible to express the performance analysis of turbo-STCM in terms of the properties of the constituent space-time codes. The union bound is demonstrated for 8-PSK turbo-STCM with two transmit antennas and one or two receive antennas.
CLDAP 프로토콜을 이용한 DDoS 증폭공격에 대한 서버 가용성 향상방안 연구 (2018)

최근 CLDAP프로토콜을 사용하여 Microsoft Active Directory 정보를 제공하는 서버를 이용한 DDoS 증폭 공격이 점점 증가하고 있다. CLDAP는 네트워크에서 광범위한 디렉토리 정보를 접근하고 유지하도록 하는 개방형 표준 어플리케이션이기 때문에, 서버가 인터넷에 개방되어있는 특징을 가지고 있다. 이로인해, 공격자에 의해 증폭공격을 하기 위한 Reflector서버로 악용될 수 있다. 또한 이 공격은 기존의 UDP 기반 플루딩 공격보다 70배가량 증폭된 패킷으로 공격이 가능하며, 중소규모의 서버에 대한 서비스 차단을 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 CLDAP 서버를 활용하는 DDoS 증폭 공격을 감소할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안하고 해당 CLDAP 서버 환경을 가상으로 구현하여, 해당 알고리즘에 대한 구현 및 실증을 진행한다. 이를 동해 공격 대상에 대한 가용성을 확보할 수 있도록 방안을 마련한다.
Alveolar epithelial cells express mesenchymal proteins in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2011)

Prior work has shown that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) can mediate transition of alveolar type II cells into mesenchymal cells in mice. Evidence this occurs in humans is limited to immunohistochemical studies colocalizing epithelial and mesenchymal proteins in sections of fibrotic lungs. To acquire further evidence that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition occurs in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we studied alveolar type II cells isolated from fibrotic and normal human lung. Unlike normal type II cells, type II cells isolated from the lungs of patients with IPF express higher levels of mRNA for the mesenchymal proteins type I collagen, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and calponin. When cultured on Matrigel/collagen, human alveolar type II cells maintain a cellular morphology consistent with epithelial cells and expression of surfactant protein C (SPC) and E-cadherin. In contrast, when cultured on fibronectin, the human type II cells flatten, spread, lose expression of pro- SPC, and increase expression of vimentin, N-cadherin, and α-SMA; markers of mesenchymal cells. Addition of a TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor (SB431542) to cells cultured on fibronectin inhibited vimentin expression and maintained pro-SPC expression, indicating persistence of an epithelial phenotype. These data suggest that alveolar type II cells can acquire features of mesenchymal cells in IPF lungs and that TGF-β can mediate this process.