gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital LDO with Time-Interleaved Comparators for Fast Response and Low Ripple (2016)

On-chip voltage regulation using distributed Digital Low Drop Out (LDO) voltage regulators has been identified as a promising technique for efficient power-management for emerging multi-core processors. Digital LDOs (DLDO) can offer low voltage operation, faster transient response, and higher current efficiency. Response time as well as output voltage ripple can be reduced by increasing the speed of the dynamic comparators. However, the comparator offset steeply increases for high clock frequencies, thereby leading to enhanced variations in output voltage. In this work we explore the design of digital LDOs with multiple dynamic comparators that can overcome this bottleneck. In the proposed topology, we apply time-interleaved comparators with the same voltage threshold and uniform current step in order to accomplish the aforementioned features. For a load step of 50mA, a DLDO with 8 time-interleaved comparators could achieve an output ripple of less than 5mV, while achieving a settling time of less than 0.5us. Load current dependant dynamic adjustment of clock frequency is proposed to maintain high current efficiency of ~97%.
Reconstructing Occluded Surfaces Using Synthetic Apertures: Stereo, Focus and Robust Measures (2006)

Most algorithms for 3D reconstruction from images use cost functions based on SSD, which assume that the surfaces being reconstructed are visible to all cameras. This makes it difficult to reconstruct objects which are partially occluded. Recently, researchers working with large camera arrays have shown it is possible to "see through" occlusions using a technique called synthetic aperture focusing. This suggests that we can design alternative cost functions that are robust to occlusions using synthetic apertures. Our paper explores this design space. We compare classical shape from stereo with shape from synthetic aperture focus. We also describe two variants of multi-view stereo based on color medians and entropy that increase robustness to occlusions. We present an experimental comparison of these cost functions on complex light fields, measuring their accuracy against the amount of occlusion.
Effect of hyoscine butylbromide (HBB) on the uterine corpus: Quantitative assessment with T2‐weighted (T2W) MRI in healthy volunteers (2010)

Layer-wise ROI analyses demonstrated changes in the area and rSI in T2WI of the uterus after HBB administration. Histogram analysis contributed to the investigation of signal changes.
FRACTURE CHARACTERIZATION FROM NEAR‐OFFSET VSP INVERSION (1997)

A global optimization method incorporating a ray‐tracing scheme is used to invert observations of shear‐wave splitting from two near‐offset VSPs recorded at the Conoco Borehole Test Facility, Kay County, Oklahoma. Inversion results suggest that the seismic anisotropy is due to a non‐vertical fracture system. This interpretation is constrained by the VSP acquisition geometry for which two sources are employed along near diametrically opposite azimuths about the well heads. A correlation is noted between the time‐delay variations between the fast and slow split shear waves and the sandstone formations.
Specific Accumulation of Circulating Monocytes and Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes on Platelet Thrombi in a Vascular Injury Model (1997)

The adhesion of leukocytes to platelets deposited at the site of vascular injury may represent an important mechanism by which leukocytes contribute to hemostasis and thrombosis. In this study, we examined whether, in comparison with their distribution in circulating blood, certain leukocyte types are enriched at sites of platelet deposition. We used an experimental vascular injury model, in which human fibrillar collagen was exposed to anticoagulated human whole blood flowing through parallel-plate chambers (venous shear rate, 65/s). The platelet-adherent leukocytes were detached by EDTA treatment and analyzed by flow cytometry using cell-type-specific antibodies. The predominant leukocytes found in platelet thrombi were polymorphonuclear leukocytes, accounting for 76% of bound leukocytes (62% in circulating blood), whereas T and B lymphocytes did not significantly accumulate on thrombi, comprising a fraction of less than 5% (32% in circulating blood). Monocytes constituted 16% of platelet thrombus-bound leukocytes, which represents an almost fourfold enrichment as compared with their proportion in circulating blood. Almost identical results were obtained when we analyzed leukocytes adhering to platelet monolayers, which were formed by blocking glycoprotein IIb-IIIa, thus preventing platelet aggregation on top of the collagen-adherent platelets. Furthermore, leukocyte adhesion to platelet monolayers was completely inhibited by an anti-P-selectin antibody (50% inhibitory concentration, 0.3 microg/mL), whereas it reached a plateau at about 70% inhibition on platelet thrombi. This difference could be explained by a possible function of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa in leukocyte immobilization to thrombi or by the high local concentration of P-selectin in the growing thrombi. The results suggest that, because of their known abilities to promote coagulation and thrombolysis, the monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes accumulating on forming platelet thrombi could play an important role in modulating thrombotic and hemostatic processes.
Analysis Framework for the J-PET Scanner (2015)

J-PET analysis framework is a exible, lightweight, ROOT-based software package which provides the tools to develop reconstruction and calibration procedures for PET tomography. In this article we present the implementation of the full data-processing chain in the J-PET framework which is used for the data analysis of the J-PET tomography scanner. The framework incorporates automated handling of PET setup parameters' database as well as high level tools for building data reconstruction procedures. Each of these components is briey discussed.
Group communication in multichannel networks with staircase interconnection topologies (1989)

Recently, multichannel networks composed of several parallel, medium-speed channels multiplexed on a single high-speed medium have been proposed as a practical way to harness the high bandwidths of optical fibers. In order to limit the cost of network interfaces, a partially-connected multichannel network allows each node access to only a proper subset of the channels, its channel set. Staircase interconnection topologies constitute a family of partially-connected multichannel networks in which every node can still send messages directly to every other node. Group-based computer applications composed of cooperative processing entities are proliferating. The communication among processes in group-based applications typically involves multiple destinations and is often symmetric and temporally local. In this paper, we investigate the problem of supporting group communication in staircase multichannel networks. We analyze those properties of staircase topologies that benefit temporally local multicast communication. We then develop an adaptive protocol that permits nodes to dynamically change their channel sets. These changes are based on recent network traffic history, thus enabling the topology to conform to network traffic patterns and, specifically, group locality. Analytical and simulation results are presented.
Machine-to-Machine Communications in Ultra-Dense Networks—A Survey (2017)

To achieve 1000-fold capacity increase in 5G wireless communications, ultradense network (UDN) is believed to be one of the key enabling technologies. Most of the previous research activities on UDNs were based very much on human-to-human communications. However, to provide ubiquitous Internet of Things services, machine-to-machine (M2M) communications will play a critical role in 5G systems. As the number of machine-oriented connections increases, it is expected that supporting M2M communications is an essential requirement in all future UDNs. In this paper, we aim to bridge the gaps between M2M communications and UDNs, which were commonly considered as two separate issues in the literature. The paper begins with a brief introduction on M2M communications and UDNs, and then will discuss the issues on the roles of M2M communications in future UDNs. We will identify different ways to implement M2M communications in the UDNs from the perspectives of layered architecture, including physical, media access control, network, and application layers. Other two important issues, i.e., security and network virtualization, will also be addressed. Before the end of this paper, we will give a summary on identified research topics for future studies.
Radar main‐lobe jamming suppression and identification based on robust whitening Blind Source Separation and Convolutional Neural Networks (2021)

Abstract The main‐lobe jamming causes serious degradation of radar system performance in practical applications. In recent years, the Blind Source Separation (BSS) method has been applied to suppress the main‐lobe jamming. However, the received echoes of target and jamming cannot be effectively identified while the robustness of the conventional BSS method is poor due to the influence of system noise. To tackle these problems, a radar main‐lobe jamming suppression and identification method is proposed based on robust whitening BSS and Convolutional Neural Networks methods. First, the target echoes and jamming are separated by the proposed robust whitening BSS method. An iterative optimisation method is proposed to obtain the robust whitening matrix, and sufficient conditions are provided for solvability. Then, a Target echo and Jamming Identification Network (TJINet) is proposed to identify the signals after the robust whitening BSS. The proposed TJINet method uses residual blocks and branch structures to improve classification performance and utilises asymmetric convolution blocks to extract subtle features between the target echo and deceptive jamming. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method has better jamming suppression performance than the traditional methods under low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) conditions, the algorithm converges faster, and also can stably identify the target echo and jamming signals.
Distinct short-range ovule signals attract or repel Arabidopsis thaliana pollen tubes in vitro. (2006)

These results demonstrate that in vitro pollen tube guidance to excised A. thaliana ovules efficiently recapitulates much of in vivo pollen tube behaviour during the final stages of pollen tube growth. This assay will aid in confirming the roles of candidate guidance molecules, exploring the phenotypes of A. thaliana pollen tube guidance mutants and characterizing interspecies pollination interactions.
Intradomain and Interdomain QoT-Aware RWA for Translucent Optical Networks (2014)

Physical impairments in long-haul optical networks mandate that optical signals be regenerated within the (so-called translucent) network. Being expensive devices, regenerators are expected to be allocated sparsely and must be judiciously utilized. Next-generation optical-transport networks will include multiple domains with diverse technologies, protocols, granularities, and carriers. Because of confidentiality and scalability concerns, the scope of network-state information (e.g., topology, wavelength availability) may be limited to within a domain. In such networks, the problem of routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) aims to find an adequate route and wavelength(s) for lightpaths carrying end-to-end service demands. Some state information may have to be explicitly exchanged among the domains to facilitate the RWA process. The challenge is to determine which information is the most critical and make a wise choice for the path and wavelength(s) using the limited information. Recently, a framework for multidomain path computation called backward-recursive path-computation (BRPC) was standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force. In this paper, we consider the RWA problem for connections within a single domain and interdomain connections so that the quality of transmission (QoT) requirement of each connection is satisfied, and the network-level performance metric of blocking probability is minimized. Cross-layer heuristics that are based on dynamic programming to effectively allocate the sparse regenerators are developed, and extensive simulation results are presented to demonstrate their effectiveness.
Poly(Lactic Acid)/ZnO Bionanocomposite Films with Positively Charged ZnO as Potential Antimicrobial Food Packaging Materials (2019)

A series of PLA/ZnO bionanocomposite films were prepared by introducing positively surface charged zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) into biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by the solvent casting method, and their physical properties and antibacterial activities were evaluated. The physical properties and antibacterial efficiencies of the bionanocomposite films were strongly dependent on the ZnO NPs content. The bionanocomposite films with over 3% ZnO NPs exhibited a rough surface, poor dispersion, hard agglomerates, and voids, leading to a reduction in the crystallinity and morphological defects. With the increasing ZnO NPs content, the thermal stability and barrier properties of the PLA/ZnO bionanocomposite films were decreased while their hydrophobicity increased. The bionanocomposite films showed appreciable antimicrobial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Especially, the films with over 3% of ZnO NPs exhibited a complete growth inhibition of E. coli. The strong interactions between the positively charged surface ZnO NPs and negatively charged surface of the bacterial membrane led to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and eventually bacterial cell death. Consequently, these PLA/ZnO bionanocomposite films can potentially be used as a food packaging material with excellent UV protective and antibacterial properties.
Association of Murine Leukemia Virus Pol with Virions, Independent of Gag-Pol Expression (1999)

During the replication cycle of murine leukemia virus (MLV), Pol is normally synthesized as part of a Gag-Pol fusion protein. In this study, the ability of free MLV Pol to be incorporated into virions was examined. When MLV Gag and MLV Pol were coexpressed from separate plasmids in cells, reverse transcriptase (RT) activity associated with Gag core particles at a slightly lower level than did RT activity generated from wild-type Gag-Pol expression. Particles produced in this manner were somewhat less infectious than those produced with wild-type Gag-Pol. A smaller amount of MLV Pol also associated with heterologous human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag cores.
The First Observation and Structural Characterization of (Formamide)platinum(IV) Complexes (2001)

The reaction of trans-[PtCl4(EtCN)2] and two equivalents of the formamides RR′NCHO (R/R′ = Me/Me, Me/H, tBu/H) in CH2Cl2 led to the formation of the compounds cis-[PtCl4{(O=)CHNRR′}2], two of which (R/R′ = Me/H, tBu/H) were characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffractometry, as well as by elemental analysis, FAB+-MS, and IR, 1H, 13C and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy (including NOE, HMQC and INEPT experiments). The X-ray structures and IR spectroscopic data indicate the coordination of the formamides through the O atom and significant contribution of the bipolar structure −O−C(H)=+NHR in the resonance hybrid of the ligands. The complexes cis-[PtCl4{(O=)CHNRR′}2] represent the first example of (formamide)PtIV species and also a rare case of platinum(IV) complexes with neutral O-donor ligands.
V. Functions of S-layers (1997)

Although S-layers are being increasingly identified on Bacteria and Archaea, it is enigmatic that in most cases S-layer function continues to elude us. In a few instances, S-layers have been shown to be virulence factors on pathogens (e.g. Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus and Aeromonas salmonicida), protective against Bdellovibrio, a depository for surface-exposed enzymes (e.g. Bacillus stearothermophilus), shape-determining agents (e.g. Thermoproteus tenax) and nucleation factors for fine-grain mineral development (e.g. Synechococcus GL 24). Yet, for the vast majority of S-layered bacteria, the natural function of these crystalline arrays continues to be evasive. The following review up-dates the functional basis of S-layers and describes such diverse topics as the effect of S-layers on the Gram stain, bacteriophage adsorption in lactobacilli, phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, the adhesion of a high-molecular-mass amylase, outer membrane porosity, and the secretion of extracellular enzymes of Thermoanaerobacterium. In addition, the functional aspect of calcium on the Caulobacter S-layer is explained.
The 1990 Antarctic Ozone Hole as observed by TOMS (1991)

The 1990 Antarctic ozone hole matched the record 1987 ozone hole in depth, duration, and area. During the formation phase of the hole (August), total ozone values were the lowest yet recorded. The decline rate approximately matched the record 1987 decline, and reached a minimum of 125 Dobson Units on October 4, 1990. October total ozone averages were marginally higher than 1987. As during 1987, the 1990 total ozone values within the hole slowly and steadily increased during the mid‐October through November period. The ozone hole breakup was the latest yet recorded (early December), with low ozone values persisting over the pole through December, setting a record low for December average polar ozone. Temperatures were near average during the early spring, but were below normal for the late‐spring. Temperatures in the early spring of 1990 were substantially warmer than those observed in the early spring of 1987.
Development of a capsule endoscopy scoring index for small bowel mucosal inflammatory change (2007)

This capsule endoscopy score provides a common language to quantify small bowel inflammatory changes.
Bismut's gradient formula for vector bundles (2016)

We prove a general Bismut's formula for the gradient of a class of smooth Wiener functionals over vector bundles of a compact Riemannian manifold. This general formula can be used repeatedly for obtaining probabilistic representation of higher order covariant derivatives of solutions of the heat equation similar to the classical Bismut's representation for the covariant gradient of the heat kernel.
NON PARENCHYMAL WNTS REGULATE BETA‐CATENIN SIGNALING IN MURINE LIVER ZONATION AND REGENERATION (2018)

β‐Catenin in hepatocytes, under the control of Wnts, regulates pericentral gene expression and contributes to liver regeneration (LR) after partial hepatectomy (PH) by regulating cyclin‐D1 gene expression as shown in b‐catenin and Wnt co‐receptors LRP5‐6 conditional knockouts (KO). However, conditional deletion of Wntless (Wls), required for Wnt secretion, in hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, or macrophages lacked any impact on zonation, while Wls deletion in macrophages only marginally affected LR. Here, we address the contribution of hepatic endothelial cells (EC) in zonation and LR by characterizing EC‐Wls‐KO generated by interbreeding Wls‐floxed and Lyve1‐cre mice. While Lyve1 expression in adult liver was limited to sinusoidal EC only, Lyve1‐cre mice bred to ROSA26‐Stop flox/flox ‐EYFP mice showed EYFP labeling in sinusoidal and central vein EC. EC‐Wls‐KO mice showed notable decreases in liver weights; lacked glutamine synthetase, Cyp2e1 and Cyp1a2 in pericentral hepatocytes; and were resistant to acetaminophen‐induced liver injury. After PH, EC‐Wls‐KO failed to optimally induce cyclin‐D1 expression at 24–48 hours, which led to lower hepatocyte proliferation at 48 hours, and rebound by 72 hours. EC and macrophages isolated from regenerating livers at 12 hours showed significant upregulation of Wnt2 and Wnt9b mRNA expression, the same 2 Wnts involved in baseline b‐catenin activity in pericentral hepatocytes. Further, we show shear stress can induce Wnt2 and Wnt9b mRNA production in endothelial cells in vitro , suggesting an initiating mechanism after partial hepatectomy. In conclusion, our studies validate that at baseline, EC secrete Wnt proteins essential for b‐catenin activation in pericentral hepatocytes. During LR, primarily EC and secondarily macrophages, secrete Wnt2 and Wnt9b, to spatiotemporally regulate β‐catenin activation and cyclin‐D1 expression in hepatocytes to induce cell proliferation. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by NIH grants 1R01DK62277, 1R01DK100287, R01CA204586 and Endowed Chair for Experimental Pathology (S.P.M.) and NIH grant F31CA216994 (M.E.P.). This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Anabolic effects of a G protein–coupled receptor kinase inhibitor expressed in osteoblasts (2002)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a key role in regulating bone remodeling. Whether GPCRs exert anabolic or catabolic osseous effects may be determined by the rate of receptor desensitization in osteoblasts. Receptor desensitization is largely mediated by direct phosphorylation of GPCR proteins by a family of enzymes termed GPCR kinases (GRKs). We have selectively manipulated GRK activity in osteoblasts in vitro and in vivo by overexpressing a GRK inhibitor. We found that expression of a GRK inhibitor enhanced parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor-stimulated cAMP generation and inhibited agonist-induced phosphorylation of this receptor in cell culture systems, consistent with attenuation of receptor desensitization. To determine the effect of GRK inhibition on bone formation in vivo, we targeted the expression of a GRK inhibitor to mature osteoblasts using the mouse osteocalcin gene 2 (OG2) promoter. Transgenic mice demonstrated enhanced bone remodeling as well as enhanced urinary excretion of the osteoclastic activity marker dexoypyridinoline. Both osteoprotegrin and OPG ligand mRNA levels were altered in calvaria of transgenic mice in a pattern that would promote osteoclast activation. The predominant effect of the transgene, however, was anabolic, as evidenced by an increase in bone density and trabecular bone volume in the transgenic mice compared with nontransgenic littermate controls.
Single breathhold noncontrast thoracic MRA using highly accelerated parallel imaging with a 32‐element coil array (2011)

Single breathhold NC-MRA is feasible and can be a useful alternative for evaluation and follow-up of thoracic aortic diseases.
Design and implementation of 935 MHz FM transceiver for radio telemetry and 2.45 GHz direct AQPSK transmitter in CMOS (2004)

This paper presents the design of a single-chip FM transceiver at 935 MHz and a AQPSK transceiver at 2.45 GHz. The fully integrated FM transceiver design in standard 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process incorporates a transmit/receive switch, a single-ended input differential output low noise amplifier, differential input single-ended output power amplifier, an LC tuned quadrature voltage controlled oscillator, mixer, IF amplifier, a g/sub m/-C based oscillator and a chopper stabilized amplifier used for wireless sensor applications. The power output is about 50 mW. The AQPSK transceiver design in standard 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process incorporates a baseband input processor, a low frequency quadrature modulator, a quadrature RF VCO, an upconverter and a linear power amplifier.
Metallorganische Rhodium(III)-Komplexe als Homogenkatalysatoren für die Photoreduktion von Protonen zu Wasserstoff an kolloidalem TiO2 (1987)

Ohne kolloidales Platin und nicht nur in alkalischer Lösung gelingt die Photoreduktion von H⊕ zu H2 mit Sonnenlicht und kolloidalem TiO2 in Gegenwart der Rhodium(III)-Komplexe 1 (ppy  Oligopyridinligand, z. B. Bipyridyl; LH2O, Cl⊖, Br⊖, I⊖; n= 1, 2). Sie werden dabei über die RhII-Stufe zu RhI-Komplexen reduziert, die unter Wasserstoffentwicklung wieder in die RhIII-Komplexe übergehen. Der Reaktionsverlauf wurde cyclovoltammetrisch und pulsradiolytisch sowie durch Transienten-Absorptionsspektroskopie untersucht.