gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft-Input Soft-Output Sphere Decoding (2008)

Soft-input soft-output (SISO) detection algorithms form the basis for iterative decoding. The associated computational complexity often poses significant challenges for practical receiver implementations, in particular in the context of multiple-input multiple-output wireless systems. In this paper, we present a low-complexity SISO sphere decoder which is based on the single tree search paradigm, proposed originally for soft-output detection in Studer et al., IEEE J-SAC, 2008. The algorithm incorporates clipping of the extrinsic log-likelihood ratios in the tree search, which not only results in significant complexity savings, but also allows to cover a large performance/complexity trade-off region by adjusting a single parameter.
Color compensation of histogram equalized images (2009)

We present a color correction algorithm for histogram equalized images captured by a digital camera. Current color correction methods are based on human color perception of luminance and hue. However, these techniques do not consider nonlinear camera characteristics, therefore the resulting color images show color distortions where brightness modification is severe. We propose a new effective color correction method that depends on the camera brightness and color curve. It utilizes the relationship of luminance and color variation of a camera used for image capture. We can predict chrominance variation after luminance change by tracing the brightness-chrominance curve of the camera model. Therefore the resulting image shows color that would have been obtained at different exposure using the same camera. We verify that the processed images have natural color and that they are similar to images taken at different exposure conditions. Moreover it is possible to apply the proposed method to software bracketing; we can change the exposure condition of an image at post processing stage. All test results demonstrate that our method is accurate and useful in the enhancement of a color of digital images.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS OF THE ADAMANTANE SERIES (1977)

Abstract Läßt man auf l‐Carboxymethyladamantan (I) in Schwefelsäure und Salpetersäure 2,2‐Dichloräthylen (II) einwirken, so entsteht nach Hydrolyse 1,3‐Bis‐carboxymethyl‐adamantan (III).
Reducing timing channels with fuzzy time (2002)

Fuzzy time is a collection of techniques that reduces the bandwidths of covert timing channels by making all clocks available to a process noisy. Developed in response to the problems posed by high-speed hardware timing channels, fuzzy time has been implemented in the VAX security kernel. Fuzzy time has proven to be highly effective against the timing channels in the VAX security kernel. Not only does fuzzy time close the high-speed channels, it does so at a much lower-than-anticipated performance cost. It is believed that the VAX security kernal managed to meet the covert channel guidelines while maintaining a good balance between security and performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Résistance thermique des parois intégrant des produits minces réfléchissants (2007)

RAPPORT DE 35 PAGES, LES RENCONTRES DU PREBAT, AIX LES BAINS, 20 – 22 MARS 2007
Chronic rhinosinusitis: An education and treatment model (2010)

Research into chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has rapidly expanded over the last decade, resulting in a plethora of proposed etiologic and disease-modifying factors. Potentially, advancement of knowledge in this field has developed more than any other disease in otolaryngologic science. However, the teaching and education of this complex and still evolving process has lagged behind. Trainees, students, and residents may find the heterogeneous group of pathophysiologic mechanisms difficult to learn and apply to treatment decision making. Identification of the propagating factor and subsequent microbial, inflammatory, or mucociliary disease-modifying effects for a specific patient allows individual tailoring of treatment to address these factors. This facilitates a logical strategic process, rather than using one broad, ill-defined approach for each and every CRS patient. A model of CRS is presented as a teaching aid for residents and those learning about the etiology and directed treatment of this complex problem.
Influence of blend miscibility on the proton conductivity and methanol permeability of polymer electrolyte blends (2006)

Abstract The influence of miscibility on the transport properties of polymer electrolyte blends composed of a proton conductor and an insulator was investigated. The proton‐conductive component in the blends was sulfonated poly(ether ketone ketone) (SPEKK), while the nonconductive component was either poly(ether imide) (PEI) or poly(ether sulfone) (PES). The phase behavior of PEI‐SPEKK blends was strongly influenced by the sulfonation level of the SPEKK. At low sulfonation levels (ion‐exchange capacity (IEC) = 0.8 meq/g), the blends were miscible, while at a slightly higher level (IEC = 1.1 meq/g), they were only partially miscible and for IEC ≥ 1.4 meq/g they were effectively immiscible over the entire composition range. The PES‐SPEKK blends were miscible over the entire range of SPEKK IEC considered in this study (0.8–2.2 meq/g). At high IEC (2.2 meq/g) and at low mass fractions of SPEKK (&lt;0.5), the miscible blends (PES‐SPEKK) had higher proton conductivities and methanol permeabilities than the immiscible ones (PEI‐SPEKK). The opposite relationship was observed for high mass fractions of SPEKK (&gt;0.5). This behavior was explained by the differences in morphology between these two blend systems. At low IEC of SPEKK (0.8 meq/g), where both PEI‐SPEKK and PES‐SPEKK blend systems exhibited miscibility, the transport properties were not significantly different. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2253–2266, 2006
No significant HTLV seroprevalence in German people who inject drugs (2017)

While the HIV and HCV prevalences in German PWID are comparable to those in other European countries, the very low prevalence of HTLV reflects the situation in the general population.
Policy Analysis for Administrative Role Based Access Control (2006)

Role-based access control (RBAC) is a widely used model for expressing access control policies. In large organizations, the RBAC policy may be collectively managed by many administrators. Administrative RBAC (ARBAC) is a model for expressing the authority of administrators, thereby specifying how an organization's RBAC policy may change. Changes by one administrator may interact in unintended ways with changes by other administrators. Consequently, the effect of an ARBAC policy is hard to understand by simple inspection. In this paper, we consider the problem of analyzing ARBAC policies, in particular to determine reachability properties (e.g., whether a user can eventually be assigned to a role by a group of administrators) and availability properties (e.g., whether a user cannot be removed from a role by a group of administrators) implied by a policy. We first establish the connection between security policy analysis and planning in artificial intelligence. Based partly on this connection, we show that reachability analysis for ARBAC is PSPACE-complete. We also give algorithms and complexity results for reachability and related analysis problems for several categories of ARBAC policies, defined by simple restrictions on the policy language
Synthesis and Characterization of an Osmapentalene Derivative Containing a β-Agostic Os···H–C(sp3) Interaction (2018)

Treatment of cyclopropaosmapentalene (1) with EtC≡CEt in the presence of AgBF4 gave a new type of polycyclic metallaaromatic complex with a structure containing an sp3 carbon and a β-agostic Os···H–C(sp3) interaction. This result strongly supported our proposed intermediate in the reaction of cyclopropaosmapentalene 1 with alkynes that produced photothermal osmium carbolong complexes. When EtC≡CCOMe was used, the reaction gave a more thermally stable ketone-coordinated complex as the major product. The DFT study indicated that the difference in the two reactions is of thermodynamic origin.
Effective Reinforcement of Carbon-Carbon Composites Using Morped Graphene (2018)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 participate in lipopolysaccharide/interferon‐γ‐induced heme oxygenase 1 and prevent RAW264.7 macrophages from UV‐irradiation‐induced cell death (2002)

Induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 during inflammation has been demonstrated in many cell types, but the contribution of inflammatory molecules nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) has remained unresolved. Here we show that NO donors including sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and spermine nonoate (SP-NO), and PGE(2) significantly stimulate HO-1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages, associated with alternative induction on NO and PGE(2) in medium, respectively. NO donors also show the inductive effect on cyclo-oxygenase 2 protein and PGE(2) production. In the presence of lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-gamma), HO-1 protein was induced slightly but significantly, and SNP, SP-NO, and PGE(2) enhanced HO-1 protein induced by LPS/IFN-gamma. L-Arginine analogs N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and N-nitro-L-arginine (NLA) significantly block HO-1 protein induced by LPS/IFN-gamma associated with a decrease in NO (not PGE(2)) production. And, NSAIDs aspirin and diclofenase dose dependently inhibited LPS/IFN-gamma-induced HO-1 protein accompanied by suppression of PGE(2) (not NO) production. PD98059 (a specific inhibitor of MEKK), but not SB203580 (a specific inhibitor of p38 kinase), attenuated PGE(2) (not SP-NO) induced HO-1 protein. Under UVC (100 J/m(2)) and UVB (50 J/m(2)) irradiation, PGE(2) or SP-NO treatment prevents cells from UVC or UVB-induced cell death, and HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) reverses the preventive effects of PGE(2) and SP-NO. The protective activity induced by PGE(2) on UVC or UVB irradiation-induced cell death was blocked by MAPK inhibitor PD98059 (not SB203580). These results demonstrated that inflammatory molecules NO and PGE(2) were potent inducers of HO-1 gene, and protected cells from UV-irradiation-induced cell death through HO-1 induction.
Patient Satisfaction in Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction: A Comparative Evaluation of DIEP, TRAM, Latissimus Flap, andImplant Techniques (2010)

Autologous, abdominal-based reconstructions had the highest satisfaction rates across all four groups. After logistic regression analysis, differences in patient satisfaction between pedicle TRAM and DIEP flap reconstruction were no longer observed. Discussing satisfaction outcomes with patients will help them make educated decisions about breast reconstruction.
Prediction of lamb carcass composition by impedance spectroscopy (2004)

The objective of this study was to compare impedance spectroscopy with resistance measurements at a single frequency (50 kHz) for the prediction of lamb carcass composition. The impedance spectrum is usually recorded by measuring the complex impedance at various frequencies (frequency domain); however, in this study, we also applied the faster and simpler measurement in the time domain (application of a current step and measurement of the voltage response). The study was carried out on 24 male, German Black-headed Mutton lambs with an average BW of 45 kg. Frequency- and time domain-based impedance measurements were collected at 20 min and 24 h postmortem with different electrode placements. Real and imaginary parts at various frequencies were calculated from the locus diagram. Left sides were dissected into lean, fat, and bone, and right sides were ground to determine actual carcass composition. Crude fat, crude protein, and moisture were chemically analyzed on ground samples. Frequency- and time domain-based measurements did not provide the same absolute impedance values; however, the high correlations (P < 0.001) between these methods for the "real parts" showed that they ranked individuals in the same order. Most of the time domain data correlated higher to carcass composition than did the frequency domain data. The real parts of impedance showed correlations between -0.37 (P > 0.05) and -0.74 (P < 0.001) to water, crude fat, lean, and fatty tissue, whereas the relations to CP were much lower (from 0.00 to -0.47, P < 0.05). Electrode placements at different locations did not substantially improve the correlations with carcass composition. The "imaginary parts" of impedance were not suitable for the prediction of carcass composition. The highest accuracy (R2 = 0.66) was reached for the estimation of crude fat percentage by a regression equation with the time domain-based impedance measured at 24 h postmortem. Furthermore, there was not a clear superiority of measurements in a wide frequency range over a single frequency measurement at 50 kHz for the prediction of carcass composition. Even though we calculated the impedance at 50 kHz based on the locus diagram, which allowed for a high precision for predicting this impedance trait, single-frequency impedance devices typically used in practice cannot record the locus diagram and, therefore, exhibit a greater amount of uncertainty.
Fourier transform ir spectroscopy of collagen and gelatin solutions: Deconvolution of the amide I band for conformational studies (1988)

Abstract The ir spectra of lathyritic rat skin collagen and calf skin gelatin solutions at a variety of temperatures were obtained using Fourier transform ir spectroscopy and a 9‐reflection, 2‐pass ZnSe prism sample cell. The spectra were then deconvolved (based on Kauppinnen's method) and the behavior of the amide I band at ∼ 1650 cm −1 observed in detail. Throughout the temperature range studied (4–50°C), three component absorption peaks within the amide I band (at 1633, 1643, and 1660 cm −1 ) are common to the spectra irrespective of the degree of triple helix content of the sample. Changes in the relative intensities of these component peaks are, however, conformationally dependent. During denaturation of the triple helix, the dominant 1660‐cm −1 component in the native collagen spectrum diminishes and the 1633‐cm −1 peak becomes relatively intensified. The inherently strong basicity of the carbonyl group of the proline residues together with the frequent occurrence of this imino acid in the X position of the Gly‐X‐Y triplet of collagen largely accounts for the −30‐cm −1 shift of the amide I band during denaturation. Temperature and conformationally dependent changes in the fine structure of the amide I band from dilute solutions of collagen can be monitored in a reproducible and quantitative fashion.
A New Vision for X-ray Soft Tissue Imaging (2006)

The small difference in the compositions between types of soft tissues, tend to limit the amount of absorption contrast. Conventional radiography derives contrast from an object's X-ray absorption. In general, the best absorption contrast is obtained at X-ray energies where the absorption is high meaning high absorbed dose. Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (DEI) and its extension, Multiple Image Radiography (MIR) are radiographic techniques that derive contrast from an object's X-ray absorption, refraction gradient and ultra small angle scatter-rejection (extinction) properties. The refraction angle image of DEI/MIR visualizes the spatial gradient of the projected electron density of the object, which often correlates well with the projected physical density and projected absorption in soft tissue imaging. The projected electron density (or the mass density, a related quantity) is not an "energy" dependent property of the object as is the case of absorption. This simple difference can lead to soft tissue imaging with less X-ray exposure. In this paper, we present the method of obtaining an equivalent image to the radiograph "DEI/MIR integral image" and applications to soft tissue imaging problems including breast cancer imaging.
266. The partial esterification of polyhydric alcohols. Part XII. The function of ethylene-oxide rings (1932)

A. Fairbourne, G. P. Gibson and D. W. Stephens, J. Chem. Soc., 1932, 1965 DOI: 10.1039/JR9320001965
Alanine Substitution for Thr268 and Asp269 of Soluble Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) Receptor α Component Defines a Specific Antagonist for the CNTF Response (1996)

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) associates with an alpha subunit (CNTFRalpha) of the receptor complex to initiate signal transduction by facilitating heterodimerization of the gp130 transducing protein and the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) beta. CNTFRalpha is anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage; however, a soluble form of the alpha subunit can still bind CNTF to recruit the signal transducing components of the receptor complex. In the present study we show that alanine substitution for residues Thr268 and Asp269 of the CNTFRalpha subunit results in a mutated receptor subunit (R3), which can bind CNTF with an affinity similar to that of the wild type CNTFRalpha but, when expressed as a soluble receptor subunit, lowers the binding of CNTF to its tripartite receptor. In addition, CNTFR3alpha inhibits the proliferation of the TF1 hematopoietic cell line triggered by CNTF plus soluble wild type CNTFRalpha but not by IL-6 or oncostatin M. Similarly, CNTFR3alpha specifically antagonizes the induction of gp130 and LIFRbeta tyrosine phosphorylation observed in response to CNTF and wild type soluble CNTFRalpha in the HepG2 hepatoma cell line, as well as the subsequent events leading to haptoglobin synthesis. Positions 268 and 269 of CNTFRalpha appear to be critical for its interaction with gp130 and LIFRbeta, whereby alanine substitution of the residues at these positions results in antagonism of the CNTF-induced response.
Tetrahydrolipstatin: Thermal and Hydrolytic Degradation (1990)

Abstract The thermal and hydrolytic degradation of tetrahydrolipstatin (THL, 1 ) was investigated. All main degradation products were isolated, characterized, and synthesized. Labile intermediates unavailable to isolation were detected and identified by GC/MS analysis of their silylated derivatives, and whenever possible, compared with independently prepared reference compounds. The identified degradation products represent at least 97% of the total degradation mixture. Two main reaction pathways arc proposed. Pharmacological data are reported for the degradation mixture and the main degradation products.
Supplementary Figure 5 from The Selective PI3K Inhibitor XL147 (SAR245408) Inhibits Tumor Growth and Survival and Potentiates the Activity of Chemotherapeutic Agents in Preclinical Tumor Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Dose-response relationships for inhibition of PI3K pathway signaling by XL147 in tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Obstructive sleep apnoea and increased risk of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (2018)

Our results suggest that patients with newly diagnosed OSA have an increased risk of NAION, although the absolute risk of NAION is low.
Id Proteins Negatively Regulate Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor Function by Disrupting Subnuclear Compartmentalization (2003)

Id helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins act as global regulators of metazoan cell fate, cell growth, and differentiation. They heterodimerize with and inhibit the DNA-binding function of members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. Using real time fluorescence microscopy techniques in single living cells, we show here that nuclear pools of chromatin-associated bHLH transcription factor are freely exchangeable and in constant flux. The existence of a dynamic equilibrium between DNA-bound and free bHLH protein is also directly demonstrable in vitro. By contrast, Id protein is not associated with any subcellular, macromolecular structures and displays a more highly mobile, diffuse nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution. When co-expressed with antagonist Id protein, the chromatin-associated sublocalization of bHLH protein is abolished, and there is an accompanying 100-fold increase in its nuclear mobility to a level expected for freely diffusible Id-bHLH heterodimer. These results suggest that nuclear Id protein acts by sequestering pools of transiently diffusing bHLH protein to prevent reassociation with chromatin domains. Such a mechanism would explain how Id proteins are able to overcome the large DNA-binding free energy of bHLH proteins that is necessary to accomplish their inhibitory effect.
Mechanistic studies on UDP‐Galactopyranose mutases from Aspergillus fumigatus and Trypanosoma cruzi (2010)

UDP‐Galactopyranose mutase (UGM) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes the conversion of UDP‐galactopyranose to UDP‐galactofuranose. UGM serves as the sole biosynthetic source of galactofuranose, which is found on the cell surface of many bacteria, fungi, and parasites. UGM is a unique flavoprotein since it requires the flavin to be reduced for activity, yet no net redox change occurs during catalysis. Currently, the exact mechanism of isomerization is unknown. UGM is also of interest because it is a novel drug target for several diseases due to the importance of galactofuranose for the survival of M. tuberculosis and for virulence of the fungus, A. fumigatus, and the human parasites, such as L. major and T. cruzi . While many studies have been done on the prokaryotic UGM, little is known about eukaryotic UGM. We present, for the first time, the recombinant expression, purification, and characterization of eukaryotic UGMs from A. fumigatus and T. cruzi . We also report limited proteolysis, steady‐state kinetics, rapid‐reaction kinetics, and site‐directed mutagenesis data that demonstrate significant differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic UGMs.
All‐Metal Mesoporous Nanocolloids: Solution‐Phase Synthesis of Core–Shell Pd@Pt Nanoparticles with a Designed Concave Surface (2013)

Kolloidale Pd@Pt-Nanopartikel mit einheitlichen Mesoporen sind in einer Stufe durch langsame Reduktion von Metallspezies in stark saurer Lösung zugänglich. In diesem System wirken F127-Micellen direkt als Template für die Mesoporen des Produkts; die bessere Reduzierbarkeit der Pd-Spezies führt zu den gewünschten Pd@Pt-Kern-Schale-Nanokolloiden.
A stem-loop structure in thewinglesstranscript defines a consensus motif for apical RNA transport (2007)

Although the subcellular localization of mRNA transcripts is a well-established mechanism for controlling protein localization, the basis for the recognition of mRNA localization elements is only now emerging. For example, although localization elements have been defined for many mRNAs that localize to apical cytoplasm in Drosophila embryos, no unifying properties have been identified within these elements. In this study, we identify and characterize an apical localization element in the 3'UTR of the Drosophila wingless mRNA. We show that this element, referred to as WLE3, is both necessary and sufficient for apical RNA transport. Full, unrestricted activity, however, requires the presence of one of several downstream potentiating elements. Comparison of WLE3 sequences within the Drosophila genus, and their predicted secondary structures, defines a highly conserved stem-loop structure. Despite these high levels of sequence and predicted structure conservation, however, mutagenesis shows significant leeway for both sequence and structure variation in the predicted stem-loop. Importantly, the features that emerge as crucial include an accessible distal helix sequence motif, which is also found in the predicted structures of other apical localization elements.