gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small Molecule Probe Diffusion in Thin Polymer Films Near the Glass Transition:  A Novel Approach Using Fluorescence Nonradiative Energy Transfer (1996)

A novel experimental approach involving fluorescence nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) is employed to study the Fickian diffusion of small molecules in rubbery polymer films near the glass transition. A theoretical formalism has been developed which directly relates the small molecule translational diffusion coefficient, 𝒟, to changes in the energy transfer efficiency, E. Values of 𝒟 as low as 5 × 10-16 cm2/s have been measured. In this approach, two thin polymer films are sandwiched together, one labeled with either NRET donor or acceptor chromophores and the second doped with the complementary chromophore. Upon annealing for a time t, dopant chromophore diffusion occurs in which E is proportional to (𝒟t)1/2/w, where w is the donor film thickness. Values of 𝒟 for pyrene, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-ethyl-4-(tricyanovinyl)aniline (TC1), bis(phenylethynylanthracene) (BPEA), and decacyclene in poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (PiBMA) and for BPEA in poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) have been measured over temperatures ranging from ca. Tg to Tg + 20 °C. Among these chromophores, significant differences in both the magnitude and temperature dependence of 𝒟 were observed and are attributed to differences in molecule size, shape, and flexibility. Two anomalous effects are observed from a comparison of translational diffusion and rotational reorientation dynamics of TC1 in PiBMA near Tg. The first is an apparent enhancement in translational diffusion relative to rotational reorientation dynamics, with the average translational displacement of a chromophore during an average rotational relaxation time, 〈τrot〉, being a couple orders of magnitude larger than the length of the molecule. This behavior may be explained by significant local-scale heterogeneity in the polymer, i.e., the broad distribution of polymer α-relaxation times. The second regards the different temperature dependencies of 〈τrot〉 and 𝒟 near Tg. This may be explained qualitatively by a strong temperature dependence of the breadth of the distribution of α-relaxation times, an effect known to be present in the TC1−PiBMA system employed in this comparison as well as a variety of other polymer systems near Tg.
Relation Between BCDS and Blue LSBGS (1998)

Two important questions are connected to the evolutionary history of blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs): the triggering mechanism of the starburst and the properties of the precursor(s) and successor. The halos of many BCDs show red colours indicating that the host galaxy is in fact of early type. But where did the gas come from? Was it there from the start in a quiescent mode or was it fed by a merger with an intergalactic gas cloud or a gas-rich dwarf? Is there a general answer to this question or are there different families of BCDs? The BCDs generating most of the interest are those with low chemical abundances, typically 10% solar. The only plausible precursors in this case are metal-poor dis, LSBGs or pure HI clouds (e.g. Thuan &amp; Seitzer 197, ApJ 231, 680). In a comparison between LSBGs and BCDs Taylor et al. (e.g. 1997, ApJ 480, 524; 1996, ApJS 107, 143) found an excess of HI rich companions in the environments of BCDs which they interpret as a support of tidal triggering. We have studied a few massive (~ 10 9 M ʘ ) metal- poor blue compact galaxies (BCGs). These are too bright to be classified as dwarfs but define an extension of the BCD family. For simplicity we will in the following use the common abbrevation BCD. In a search for possible precursors we have studied a sample of blue LSBGs with metallicities similar to BCDs (5-15%).
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF PSEUDOMONIC ACID. PART 7. STEREOCHEMICAL CONTROL IN THE PREPARATION OF C‐2‐ SUBSTITUTED MONIC ACID ESTERS VIA THE PETERSON OLEFINATION (1985)

Abstract Von den Titelverbindungen, Derivaten von Monsäure (XII) bzw. Isomonsäure (XIII), werden (III)+(IV) durch Reaktion der Anionen aus den Phosphonaten (IIa), (IIb) [(IIc) reagieren nicht analog] mit dem silylierten Derivat (Ib) des (bekannten) Ketons (Ia) dargestellt; (IIIa)+(IVa) sind auch aus den Verbindungen (V) + (Ib) + (VI) erhältlich.
Reduction in Myocardial Infarct Size by the New Potassium Channel Opener Bimakalim (1994)

We examined the effect of a new potassium channel opener, bimakalim, on myocardial infarct size (IS) in dogs. Barbital-anesthetized dogs were subjected to 90 min of left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) occlusion followed by 5-h reperfusion. Bimakalim (3 micrograms/kg bolus followed by 0.1 microgram/kg/min intravenously, i.v.) was initiated either 15 min before LCX occlusion and continued throughout the experiments in one group of animals or initiated 5 min before and throughout reperfusion in a second group. A third group of dogs received i.v. vehicle (control) 15 minutes before LCX occlusion and throughout the remainder of the experiment. IS was determined by triphenyltetrazolium histochemical staining, regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) by the radioactive microsphere technique, and neutrophil migration by measurement of tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Bimakalim reduced mean aortic blood pressure (MBP, 25 mm Hg) during the occlusion and reperfusion periods in the group of dogs that received the drug throughout the experiment and reduced in BP, during reperfusion when administered immediately before the reperfusion period. In addition, bimakalim increased LCX coronary artery blood flow (CBF) and increased regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) primarily during reperfusion in both drug-treated groups, with the greatest increase to the subepicardial region. During occlusion, however, bimakalim had no effect on collateral blood flow to the ischemic region. In all three groups, left ventricular (LV) mass, area at risk (AAR) mass, and percentage of he left ventricle at risk were similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
New Approaches for the Treatment of Pain: The GDNF Family of Neurotrophic Growth Factors (2005)

This article focuses on the GDNF family of neurotrophic factors as a potential new class of therapeutics for neuropathic pain, with a particular emphasis on the ligands, artemin and GDNF. In vivo activity of the ligands, expression of ligands and receptors after peripheral nerve injury, and modulation of nerve injury-induced changes by the ligands are reviewed in detail. Structural considerations, particularly with regard to implications for binding interactions and biological activity are discussed.
A1120, a Nonretinoid RBP4 Antagonist, Inhibits Formation of Cytotoxic Bisretinoids in the Animal Model of Enhanced Retinal Lipofuscinogenesis (2012)

A1120 significantly reduces accumulation of lipofuscin bisretinoids in the Abca4(-/-) animal model. This activity correlates with reduction in serum RBP4 and visual cycle retinoids confirming the mechanism of action for A1120. In contrast to fenretinide, A1120 does not act as a RARα agonist indicating a more favorable safety profile for this nonretinoid compound.
Development of a Reusable Aerospike Nozzle for Hybrid Rocket Motors (2009)

The Department of Mechanical Engineering at the California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, has developed an innovative program of experimental research and development on hybrid rocket motors (where the fuel and the oxidizer are in different phases prior to combustion). One project currently underway involves the development of aerospike nozzles for such motors. These nozzles, however, are even more susceptible to throat ablation than regular converging-diverging nozzles, due the nature of their flow expansion mechanism. This paper presents the result of a recent development project focused on reducing throat ablation in hybrid rocket motor nozzles. Although the method is specifically targeted at increasing the life and operating range of aerospike nozzles, this paper describes its proof-of-concept implementation on conventional nozzles. The method is based on a regenerative cooling mechanism that differs in practice from that used in liquid propellant motors. A series of experimental tests demonstrate that this new method is not only effective at reducing damage in the most ablative region of the nozzle, but that the nozzle can survive multiple test runs.
Midlife interventions are critical in prevention, delay, or improvement of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (2017)

The basic strategy for focusing exclusively on genetically identified targets for intervening in late life dementias was formulated 30 years ago. Three decades and billions of dollars later, all efforts at disease-modifying interventions have failed. Over that same period, evidence has accrued pointing to dementias as late-life clinical phenotypes that begin as midlife pathologies. Effective prevention therefore may need to begin in midlife, in order to succeed. No current interventions are sufficiently safe to justify their use in midlife dementia prevention trials. Observational studies could be informative in testing the proposal that amyloid imaging and <i>APOE</i>ε <i>4</i> genotype can predict those who are highly likely to develop Alzheimer's disease and in whom higher risk interventions might be justifiable. A naturally occurring, diet-responsive cognitive decline syndrome occurs in canines that closely resembles human Alzheimer's. Canine cognitive dysfunction could be useful in estimating how early intervention must begin in order to succeed. This model may also help identify and assess novel targets and strategies. New approaches to dementia prevention are urgently required, since none of the world's economies can sustain the costs of caring for this epidemic of brain failure that is devastating half of the over 85-year-olds globally.
Asynchronous interleaved scan architecture for on-line built-in self-test of null convention logic (2016)

This work proposes asynchronous interleaved scan architecture (AISA) intended for the internal structure of online Built-in Self-test for Null Convention Logic (NCL) circuits. NCL is a robust asynchronous paradigm which can target devices for long-life missions and hard-to-access environments. However, on-line self-test methods adapted to match the characteristics of this important asynchronous method are not available currently. Existing test hardware for NCL is based on synchronous test elements. Such test hardware when used for on-line testing could introduce metastability issues and reduce the reliability of the highly robust NCL devices. We propose a scan architecture specifically designed for NCL circuits and demonstrate how this can be integrated into an on-line BIST architecture. Results for timing of the scan cell are shown with an average area overhead of 10%, which is only 35% of that of previous work [1]. Furthermore we do not need clock trees or double latches for sync/async interfaces.
Composite-object views in relational DBMS: an implementation perspective : (extended abstract) (1994)

We present a novel approach for supporting Composite Objects (CO) as an abstraction over the relational data. This approach brings the advanced CO model to existing relational databases and applications, without requiring an expensive migration to other DBMSs which support CO. The concept of views in relational DBMSs (RDBMS) gives the basis for providing the CO abstraction. This model is strictly an extension to the relational model, and it is fully upward compatible with it. We present an overview of the data model. We put emphasis in this paper on showing how we have made the extensions to the architecture and implementation of an RDBMS (Starburst) to support this model. We show that such a major extension to the data model is in fact quite attractive both in terms of implementation cost and query performance. We introduce a CO cache for efficient navigation through components of a CO. Our work on CO enables existing RDBMSs to incorporate efficient CO facilities at a low cost and at a high degree of application reusability and database sharability.
Spiers Memorial Lecture : Heterogeneous catalysis: understanding the fundamentals for catalyst design (2016)

Taking the chemoselective hydrogenation of substituted nitroaromatics as a base case, it will be shown that it is possible to design improved and new catalysts by attacking the problem in a multidisciplinary way. By combining molecular modeling with in situ operando spectroscopy, and with micro-kinetic and isotopic studies, it is possible to determine how and where on the catalysts the reactant molecules interact. Then, materials synthesis methods can be applied to prepare catalysts with the desired surface active sites and their selective interaction with the reactants.
Progressive kidney disease in three sisters with elevated lipoprotein(a) (2008)

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an atherogenic, LDL-like particle of unknown physiologic function. Elevated serum concentrations of Lp(a) have been linked conceptually and epidemiologically to cardiovascular disease [1–3], but their relationship to the progression of renal disease remains much less clear, despite several hypothesized mechanisms by which this could occur [4–12]. We present a unique case of three sisters with profound elevations in serum Lp(a), progressive but unexplained impairment of kidney function, and renal biopsies demonstrating benign nephrosclerosis and apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] deposition.
The fecal mycobiome in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (2021)

Alterations of the gut microbiota have been reported in various gastrointestinal disorders, but knowledge of the mycobiome is limited. We investigated the gut mycobiome of 80 patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in comparison with 64 control subjects. The fungal-specific internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) amplicon was sequenced, and mycobiome zero-radius operational taxonomic units (zOTUs) were defined representing known and unknown species and strains. The fungal community was sparse and individual-specific in all (both IBS and control) subjects. Although beta-diversity differed significantly between IBS and controls, no difference was found among clinical subtypes of IBS or in comparison with the mycobiome of subjects with bile acid malabsorption (BAM), a condition which may overlap with IBS with diarrhoea. The mycobiome alterations co-varied significantly with the bacteriome and metabolome but were not linked with dietary habits. As a putative biomarker of IBS, the predictive power of the fecal mycobiome in machine learning models was significantly better than random but insufficient for clinical diagnosis. The mycobiome presents limited therapeutic and diagnostic potential for IBS, despite co-variation with bacterial components which do offer such potential.
Angiotensin-(1–7) reduces doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats through antioxidant mechanisms (2020)

Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective chemotherapeutic for a variety of pediatric malignancies. Unfortunately, Dox administration often results in a cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity that manifests with marked oxidative stress, leading to heart failure. Adjunct therapies are needed to mitigate Dox cardiotoxicity and enhance quality of life in pediatric patients with cancer. Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous hormone with cardioprotective properties. This study investigated whether adjunct Ang-(1-7) attenuates cardiotoxicity resulting from exposure to Dox in male and female juvenile rats. Dox significantly reduced body mass, and the addition of Ang-(1-7) had no effect. However, adjunct Ang-(1-7) prevented Dox-mediated diastolic dysfunction, including markers of decreased passive filling as measured by reduced early diastole mitral valve flow velocity peak (<i>E</i>) (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and early diastole mitral valve annulus peak velocity (<i>e'</i>; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and increased <i>E/e'</i> (<i>P</i> < 0.001), an echocardiographic measure of diastolic dysfunction. Since Dox treatment increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), the effect of Ang-(1-7) on oxidative by-products and enzymes that generate or reduce ROS was investigated. In hearts of male and female juvenile rats, Dox increased NADPH oxidase 4 (<i>P</i> < 0.05), a major cardiovascular NADPH oxidase isozyme that generates ROS, as well as 4-hydroxynonenal (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and malondialdehyde (<i>P</i> < 0.001), markers of lipid peroxidation; Ang-(1-7) prevented these effects of Dox. Cotreatment with Dox and Ang-(1-7) increased the antioxidant enzymes SOD1 (male: <i>P</i> < 0.05; female: <i>P</i> < 0.01) and catalase (<i>P</i> < 0.05), which likely contributed to reduced ROS. These results demonstrate that Ang-(1-7) prevents diastolic dysfunction in association with a reduction in ROS, suggesting that the heptapeptide hormone may serve as an effective adjuvant to improve Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Ang-(1-7) is a clinically safe peptide hormone with cardioprotective and antineoplastic properties that could be used as an adjuvant therapy to improve cancer treatment and mitigate the long-term cardiotoxicity associated with doxorubicin in pediatric patients with cancer.
Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Predictor models in software engineering (2008)

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to PROMISE 2008 - the 4th International Workshop on Predictor Models in Software Engineering. This year's workshop continues its tradition of being the premier forum for presentation of research results and experience reports in the area of predictor models applied to software engineering. The theme for this year's workshop is Bridging Research and Industry. Key questions for the workshop are -- How might PROMISE and other researchers better align with the realities of industry? -- How can industry make effective use of research ideas?

In keeping with this theme, we have two keynote speakers from industry. Dr. Murray Cantor is an IBM Distinguished Engineer and the governance solutions lead on the IBM Rational Software CTO team. Mr. Chris Beal is a Sun Microsystems Senior Staff Engineer working with Solaris Revenue Product Engineering.

We are pleased that PROMISE has become an international event. Our call for papers attracted submissions from Asia, Canada, Europe, and the United States. The program committee accepted over a dozen papers covering a variety of topics, including models related to fault prediction, effort estimation, and requirements engineering.

One feature that sets this workshop apart from others is the PROMISE repository of software data sets that are publicly available for research purposes. The repository currently has 57 data sets and has grown at an average rate of 44% annually over the last 3.5 years.
Identificação dos fatores de risco para letalidade na meningite pneumocócica em Salvador, Bahia (1999)

A meningite pneumocócica continua sendo um importante problema de saúde associado com altas taxas de mortalidade no Brasil.
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label Stack Entry: "EXP" Field Renamed to "Traffic Class" Field (2009)

The early MPLS documents defined the form of the MPLS Label Stack
entry. This include a three bit field called the The
exact use of this field was not defined by these documents, except to
state that it was to be reserved for experimental use. Although the
intended use of the EXP field was as a Class of Service field, it
was not named the Class of Service (CoS) field by these early
documents because the use of such a CoS field was not considered to be
sufficiently defined. Today a number of standards documents define its
usage as a CoS field. . To avoid misunderstanding about how this
field may be used, this document changes the name of the field to the
CoS In doing so it also updates documents that define the
current use of the EXP this field.
Metallic and oxide Zn and Ti layers on unwoven fabric as shields for electromagnetic fields (2009)

The paper presents results of measurement of electromagnetic wave shielding effectiveness by shields based on polypropylene unwoven (PP) with metallic, or oxide layer. Thin films on PP fabric were made by means of pulsed magnetron sputtering. Deposited materials were Zn and Ti, fitted on magnetron gun of the WMK-100 type in argon and oxygen background. Manufactured shields were characterised by good adhesion and shielding effectiveness (SE) over 35 dB in frequencies range from 10 MHz to 1.3 GHz.
The Genome of Mycobacterium Africanum West African 2 Reveals a Lineage-Specific Locus and Genome Erosion Common to the M. tuberculosis Complex (2012)

The genomic differences identified between M. africanum West African 2 and the other strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex may explain its attenuated phenotype, and pave the way for targeted experiments to elucidate the phenotypic characteristic of M. africanum. Moreover, availability of the whole genome data allows for verification of conservation of targets used for the next generation of diagnostics and vaccines, in order to ensure similar efficacy in West Africa.
Role of Three-Hydrocarbon-Phase Flow in a Gas-Displacement Process (1995)

Summary The objective of this work is to identify the role of three-hydrocarbon-phase flow in the displacement of a reservoir oil by light-hydrocarbon-gas mixtures (methane through n-butane). Slim-tube displacements were conducted with several hydrocarbon-gas mixtures. A compositional simulator capable of handling three nonaqueous phases was used to simulate these 1D displacements. Slim-tube experiments show that as dilution with lean gas increases, the displacements go from first-contact miscible to multicontact miscible to three-phase, 3ϕ, immiscible to two-phase, 2ϕ, immiscible. Recovery is high (&amp;gt; 85%) at high enrichment, but nonmonotonic with dilution. Simulation results mimic experimental slim-tube recovery and gas-breakthrough behavior qualitatively; especially the increase in oil recovery with increasing methane dilution of the solvent. High oil recoveries in the 3ϕ cases appear to be the result of condensation of solvent into the oil, resulting in (1) low oil viscosity and (2) effective displacement of oil by the second liquid phase that forms.
Futuro de las vacunas ADN frente a virus en Acuicultura (2005)

"Las enfermedades infectocontagiosas de origen vírico son uno de los problemas con mayorimpacto en el desarrollo de la acuicultura, ya que generalmente provocan unas altas mortalidadesy frente a ellas no existen tratamientos efectivos ni vacunas. La vacunación sería el método máseficaz para controlar el impacto de estas enfermedades, sin embargo, para muchos de los virusmás devastadores, las vacunas tradicionales (vacunas atenuadas, muertas) o la vacunación conantígenos virales han resultado ineficaces. Dentro de este contexto, la vacunación genética(vacunas ADN), representa en estos momentos la opción más viable. Desde hace unos años, seviene experimentando con las vacunas ADN para muchos de estos patógenos, con resultadospositivos. La mayor parte de las vacunas ADN desarrolladas en el ámbito de la piscicultura sonfrente a rabdovirus, los virus de peces con mayor repercusión en la acuicultura continental, y entrelos que se encuentran el virus de la necrosis hematopoyética infecciosa (IHNV) y el virus de lasepticemia hemorrágica viral (VHSV). Sin embargo, hasta que no se resuelvan algunos problemasasociados con estas vacunas ADN, como son los aspectos relacionados con la seguridad y/orentabilidad económica, éstas no estarán disponibles para el sector. En este trabajo, se revisa elestado actual de la investigación en vacunas ADN para virus de peces, así como de los problemasque tendrán que ser resueltos para conseguir su comercialización."