gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achievements and Challenges in the Design and Production of High Quality Optical Coatings (2008)

A new paradigm in the design of optical coatings connected with an outstanding computational efficiency of modern design techniques is discussed. Several other topics including pre-production error analysis, monitoring of coating production, and computational manufacturing of optical coatings are considered.
CD83 expressed by macrophages is an important immune checkpoint molecule for the resolution of inflammation (2023)

Excessive macrophage (Mφ) activation results in chronic inflammatory responses or autoimmune diseases. Therefore, identification of novel immune checkpoints on Mφ, which contribute to resolution of inflammation, is crucial for the development of new therapeutic agents. Herein, we identify CD83 as a marker for IL-4 stimulated pro-resolving alternatively activated Mφ (AAM). Using a conditional KO mouse (cKO), we show that CD83 is important for the phenotype and function of pro-resolving Mφ. CD83-deletion in IL-4 stimulated Mφ results in decreased levels of inhibitory receptors, such as CD200R and MSR-1, which correlates with a reduced phagocytic capacity. In addition, CD83-deficient Mφ upon IL-4 stimulation, show an altered STAT-6 phosphorylation pattern, which is characterized by reduced pSTAT-6 levels and expression of the target gene <i>Gata3</i>. Concomitantly, functional studies in IL-4 stimulated CD83 KO Mφ reveal an increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL1 and G-CSF. Furthermore, we show that CD83-deficient Mφ have enhanced capacities to stimulate the proliferation of allo-reactive T cells, which was accompanied by reduced frequencies of Tregs. In addition, we show that CD83 expressed by Mφ is important to limit the inflammatory phase using a full-thickness excision wound healing model, since inflammatory transcripts (e.g. <i>Cxcl1, Il6</i>) were increased, whilst resolving transcripts (e.g. <i>Ym1, Cd200r, Msr-1</i>) were decreased in wounds at day 3 after wound infliction, which reflects the CD83 resolving function on Mφ also <i>in vivo</i>. Consequently, this enhanced inflammatory milieu led to an altered tissue reconstitution after wound infliction. Thus, our data provide evidence that CD83 acts as a gatekeeper for the phenotype and function of pro-resolving Mφ.
Internet traffic classification using bayesian analysis techniques (2005)

Accurate traffic classification is of fundamental importance to numerous other network activities, from security monitoring to accounting, and from Quality of Service to providing operators with useful forecasts for long-term provisioning. We apply a Naive Bayes estimator to categorize traffic by application. Uniquely, our work capitalizes on hand-classified network data, using it as input to a supervised Naive Bayes estimator. In this paper we illustrate the high level of accuracy achievable with the \Naive Bayes estimator. We further illustrate the improved accuracy of refined variants of this estimator.Our results indicate that with the simplest of Naive Bayes estimator we are able to achieve about 65% accuracy on per-flow classification and with two powerful refinements we can improve this value to better than 95%; this is a vast improvement over traditional techniques that achieve 50--70%. While our technique uses training data, with categories derived from packet-content, all of our training and testing was done using header-derived discriminators. We emphasize this as a powerful aspect of our approach: using samples of well-known traffic to allow the categorization of traffic using commonly available information alone.
Genotypic diversity of an indigenous Rhizobium meliloti field population assessed by plasmid profiles, DNA fingerprinting, and insertion sequence typing (1991)

One hundred and twenty-five Rhizobium meliloti isolates nodulating field-grown Medicago sativa cv. Europe were evaluated for plasmid content and for symbiotic effectiveness with this host. Relative to the strain used commercially in France (RCR2011), isolates showed a comparable level of symbiotic effectiveness, although two isolates were poorly effective. Twenty-four distinct plasmid profiles were observed among these isolates, with a plasmid number varying between one and five per isolate. All isolates but one harboured a plasmid equivalent in size to that of the R. meliloti 41 megaplasmid. Sizes of the other plasmids varied from 45 to &gt;600 kb. The major plasmid group (representing 30% of the whole population) consisted of isolates carrying a megaplasmid plus a large plasmid with an average size of 230 kb. To assess the validity of plasmid grouping, 32 isolates representative of 12 plasmid groups were further characterized on the basis of their genomic DNA restriction patterns and their insertion sequence (IS) fingerprints, using the indigenous insertion sequence ISRm1 as a probe. The DNA restriction patterns and IS fingerprints were highly distinctive among the 32 isolates examined since 20 and 16 types, respectively, were observed. These two characteristics are strongly correlated with the plasmid profiles of the strains, confirming the validity of plasmid grouping in assessing diversity of natural populations of R. meliloti. Plasmid profile analysis, although less discriminating than DNA restriction patterns or IS fingerprinting, is the method of choice when many isolates need to be typed. Key words: Rhizobium meliloti, ecology, diversity, field population, symbiotic effectiveness.
Rough software deployability control system: design and implementation (2003)

The software deployability control system described in this paper uses rules derived from information system tables. The control system represents an application of two technologies: fuzzy sets and rough sets. Each table is instrumented to assess a particular software module. Source lines of code and cyclomatic complexity, test results, and risk factors associated with software modules are used to construct condition vectors used in making deployability decisions. Module measurements are granulated. The degree of membership of each measurement is computed. The Choquet integral provides a multi-criteria decision-making feature in instrumenting a decision table. The resulting decision table provides the basis for a feedback control system which regulates software deployment. The deployability control system is implemented in Java.
Modes of stimulation of the teleost ear (1975)

Microphonic potentials were recorded from the inner ears of a catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and an African mouthbreeder (Tilapia macrocephala) in response to underwater sound stimulation and direct vibration of the head. The shape of the vibratory isopotential functions of frequency was similar in both species up to 600 HZ. Above 600 HZ, the sensitivity of Ictalurus continued to increase to 4000 HZ while the sensitivity of Tilapia declined. Deflation of the swim bladder did not affect the response to vibration in either species, the response of Tilapia to the underwater sound stimulus being minimal and unaffected by removal of the swim bladder. Ictalurus was pressure-sensitive to above 4000 HZ, ther being a significant dedline in the response with deflation of the swimbladder.
Evaluación del exponente de la función de corrección de la velocidad de sedimentación de Richardson y Zaki para micro partículas (2014)

La función de corrección formulada por Richardson y Zaki en 1954, se utiliza para determinar la velocidad de sedimentación de un colectivo de partículas a partir de la velocidad de una partícula que no se encuentra sujeta a la acción de las fuerzas de otras partículas en la suspensión. Dado el tamaño de las partículas que es micrométrico y el valor del número de Reynolds del escurriento que es menor a 0,25; se emplea la solución de Stokes para evaluar la velocidad de éstas, por lo que el valor del exponente de la función de corrección de Richardson y Zaki es n = 4,65; independientemente del tamaño. El presente trabajo demuestra a partir de un trabajo experimental con micro partículas que el valor del exponente de la función de corrección de Richardson y Zaki depende de su tamaño y es mayor mientras menor es el diametro de éstas.
Elusive Achievement Effects of Haptic Feedback (2013)

research on haptic feedback has demonstrated limited em-pirical evidence of its positive learning effects. this research contrasts supportive anecdotal evidence and reports of in-creased motivation. in an attempt to unify these contrast-ing results we attempted to identify empirical evidence sup-porting haptic feedback’s effect on learning by isolating the factual and conceptual learning domains. We found little evidence of learning gains even at this granular level of as-sessment. our findings raise questions about the validity of invoking dual-coding theory as a rationale for supporting the use of haptic feedback while conjecturing that neutral or negative effects may be attributable to increases in cognitive load. Further, we suggest that learning benefits attributable to haptic feedback may occur in a decontextualized scenario with less emphasis on haptics as a reinforcing sensory mech-anism.
High order harmonic generation at 1 MHz repetition rate from an Yb-doped fiber chirped pulse amplification system (2009)

We use a 100 µJ-class ytterbium-doped fiber, CPA system to generate high order harmonic in gases and we achieve XUV emission in several gases at controllable ultrahigh (100 kHz to 1 MHz) repetition rate.
<title>Application of 3-D digital deconvolution to optically sectioned images for improving the automatic analysis of fluorescent-labeled tumor specimens</title> (1992)

The analysis of fluorescent stained clusters of cells has been improved by recording multiple images of the same microscopic scene at different focal planes and then applying a three dimensional (3-D) out of focus background subtraction algorithm. The algorithm significantly reduced the out of focus signal and improved the spatial resolution. The method was tested on specimens of 10 micrometers diameter ((phi) ) beads embedded in agarose and on a 5 micrometers breast tumor section labeled with a fluorescent DNA stain. The images were analyzed using an algorithm for automatically detecting fluorescent objects. The proportion of correctly detected in focus beads and breast nuclei increased from 1/8 to 8/8 and from 56/104 to 81/104 respectively after processing by the subtraction algorithm. Furthermore, the subtraction algorithm reduced the proportion of out of focus relative to in focus total intensity detected in the bead images from 51% to 33%. Further developments of these techniques, that utilize the 3-D point spread function (PSF) of the imaging system and a 3-D segmentation algorithm, should result in the correct detection and precise quantification of virtually all cells in solid tumor specimens. Thus the approach should serve as a highly reliable automated screening method for a wide variety of clinical specimens.
Cytotoxic Polyketides from the Marine Sponge Discodermia calyx (2007)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract from the sponge Discodermia calyx collected off the coast of Jeju Island, South Korea, led to the isolation of a polyketide, icadamide C (1), along with previously reported theopederin K (3). Structure elucidation was performed by a combination of high resolution mass and 2D-NMR (principally COSY, HMBC, HSQC, and NOESY) spectroscopy. Stereochemistry of compound 1 was determined as 2R*, 3R*, 6R*, 10S*, 11S*, 12R*, 13S*, 15R* and 2'S by NMR data and Marfey analysis. Isolated metabolites displayed potent cytotoxic activity against a small panel of five human solid tumor cell lines with ED50 values of less than 0.1 μg/mL.
Liquid metal biomaterials: a newly emerging area to tackle modern biomedical challenges (2017)

Conventional biomaterials, such as metals, polymers, composites and ceramics, may not work well when facing certain tough medical challenges. As an alternative, body-temperature liquid metals, such as gallium, or its alloys are recently emerging as new generation functional materials which display many unconventional properties superior to traditional biomaterials, i.e. high fluidity, excellent electrical and thermal conductivities, good biocompatibility, sufficient radiopacity, controllable behaviour, easy manufacture and low cost. This article aims to outline a new biomedical category: liquid metal biomaterials. Representative applications enabled by liquid metal biomaterials from both therapeutic and diagnostic aspects were reviewed. Furthermore, related efforts and perspective for future development of employing liquid metals to resolve modern biomedical tough issues were discussed. With continuous technical progresses and fundamental discoveries, liquid metals are expected to offer more and more outstanding merits as a new class of biomaterials which are promising a generalised way towards resolving biomedical challenges.
Nitrogen narcosis and pressure reversal of anesthetic effects in node of Ranvier (1984)

To compare sodium channel block by hyperbaric nitrogen with that induced by other anesthetics and to examine the basis for pressure antagonism to anesthetic condition block, voltage clamped nodes of Ranvier were exposed to nitrogen at pressures at 1-14 atm alone and in combination with helium to a total pressure of up to 100 atm. At 7 and 14 atm nitrogen, sodium currents were reversibly depressed without accompanying changes in the current-voltage relation. The curve relating steady-state inactivation (h infinity) to voltage was shifted in the hyperpolarizing direction, as is the case with other general anesthetic agents. The time constant of inactivation (tau h) was slightly decreased at depolarized potentials. The preceding companion paper demonstrated an opposite effect of hyperbaric helium on the properties of sodium inactivation. Addition of helium pressure in the presence of nitrogen at 14 atm did not increase peak sodium current with inactivation maximally removed, but it did shift the h infinity curve back toward control levels, thus increasing sodium current at points on the slope of the curve. It is proposed that these opposing shifts in steady-state inactivation levels are the basis for pressure antagonism to anesthetic conduction block. In the case of inert gases and volatile anesthetic agents, the antagonism may be direct but has not been shown to be so. In the case of the local anesthetic benzocaine, differences in the voltage dependence of anesthetic and pressure-induced changes in tau h indicate the antagonism is indirect.
Activity of Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Against Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines (2004)

EGCG can inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, as well as in the regulation of cell cycle related proteins. Therefore, EGCG-mediated apoptosis could be applied to an advanced strategy in the development of a potential drug against ovarian cancer.
Novel epitope derived from Plasmodium berghei liver-stage antigen induces a subset of protective CD8 T cells against sporozoite challenge (2018)

Abstract CD8 T cells specific for Plasmodium liver stage antigens (LS Ags) are considered key effectors in protective immunity induced by immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS). Sporozoite (spz)-stage epitopes that induce protective CD8 T cells have previously been identified, however, fine specificities of LS Ags-induced protective CD8 T cells remain unknown. Using transcriptome data based on LS forms of Plasmodium falciparum parasites, we identified several orthologue Plasmodium berghei (Pb) LS Ags that, as plasmid DNA vaccines delivered by Gene Gun immunization, significantly reduce liver parasite burden (LPB). Using algorithms that predict binding of peptides to H-2b alleles, we designed ~600 8–9 mer peptides derived from protective Pb LS Ags and screened them utilizing caged MHC class I-tetramer technology. Spleen cells from C57Bl/6 mice immunized thrice with Pb RAS and challenged with infectious spz were tested for binding to the conditional tetramers. We identified an H-2Kb-restricted 9-mer peptide, Kb-17, derived from the novel protective Pb LS Ag, MIF4G-like protein, that formed MHC class I-tetramer specifically binding CD8 T cells; the Kb-17 peptide also recalled IFN-γ responses in splenocytes and liver mononuclear cells at different time points after RAS immunization/challenge. The Kb-17 epitope, delivered as a minigene expressed in adenovirus 5, expanded Kb-17 specific CD8 T cells expressing effector memory phenotype and significantly reduced Pb LPB after infectious spz challenge. Identification of protective MHC class I-restricted epitopes on LS Ags as well as establishing a role for LS Ags-specific CD8 T cells in protection are crucial elements for vaccine development against malaria.
Markov Aging Process and Phase-Type Law of Mortality (2007)

Abstract In this article, we propose a finite-state Markov process with one absorbing state to model human mortality. A health index called physiological age is introduced and modeled by the Markov process. Under this model the time of death follows a phase-type distribution. The model possesses many desirable analytical properties useful for mortality analysis. Closed-form expressions are available for many quantities of interest including the conditional survival probabilities of the time of death and the actuarial present values of the whole life insurance and annuity. The heterogeneity or frailty effect of a cohort can be expressed explicitly. The model is also able to explain some stylized facts of observed mortality data. We fit the model to some Swedish population cohort data and life tables compiled by the U.S. Social Security Administration. The fitting results are very satisfactory.
Current-Starved Cross-Coupled CMOS Inverter Rings as Versatile Generators of Chaotic and Neural-Like Dynamics Over Multiple Frequency Decades (2019)

The generation of chaotic signals is relevant to a multitude of applications across telecommunications, random number generation, control, and the realization of distributed sensing systems; in addition, networks of coupled chaotic oscillators replicate diverse emergent phenomena occurring in considerably larger biological neural systems. However, to date, the generation of chaotic signals by means of complementary metal-oxide-silicon (CMOS) integrated circuits has been hampered largely by the need to implement reactive elements, and by limited flexibility. In this paper, we introduce a pure CMOS implementation of a chaos generator based on three inverter rings having lengths equal to the smallest odd prime numbers, i.e., 3, 5, and 7. These rings are cross-coupled via diodes of diverse strengths enabled through pass-gates, and the inverters in the rings are independently current-starved. Through numerical simulations and experiments, it is shown that this new topology can generate chaotic signals over at least four frequency decades. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the experimental devices have access to a multitude of qualitatively-different dynamical behaviors as a function of the starving currents. In particular, the generation of spiking and bursting signals reminiscent of action potentials are observed, both with and without slower fluctuations which resemble field potentials. Furthermore, instances of oscillation quenching are found, wherein the circuit acts as a nonlinear amplifier yielding 1/f-like stochastic signals. This compact and flexible topology promises to become a foundational cell in the design of integrated circuits requiring area-efficient, low-power, and controllable chaos generation.
THE RELATIVE ACTIVITIES OF SOME TRYPTAMINE ANALOGUES ON THE ISOLATED RAT STOMACH STRIP PREPARATION (1959)

The relative potencies of analogues of tryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine have been determined on the rat fundus preparation. This tissue had an amine oxidase activity, which, in the homogenate, was able to inactivate both tryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine to about the same degree. Amine oxidase inhibitors potentiated the action of tryptamine and many analogues on the isolated rat fundus preparation, but not the action of 5-hydroxytryptamine or of other hydroxytryptamines. This suggested that, in the isolated organ, the amine oxidase was unable to inactivate 5-hydroxytryptamine, but could inactivate tryptamine, 5-methoxytryptamine and many others. These results may be explained if it is supposed that tryptamine entered the cell, but because of the polar hydroxyl group 5-hydroxytryptamine did not. This hypothesis is supported by the oil/water partition coefficients. The structure/activity of the various tryptamine derivatives is discussed in the light of this assumption.
Inhomogeneity correction for in vivo spectroscopy by high‐resolution water referencing (1992)

One of the most common sources of distortion in in vivo spectroscopy is the inhomogeneity of the main magnetic field. This effect is particularly problematic when performing spectroscopic imaging, as the shim cannot be simultaneously optimized for all voxels. In this paper we present a technique to measure inhomogeneity rapidly, then show how to use the measurement to improve the analysis of the spectrum. This technique can be applied in conjunction with any spectroscopic localization method and any spectral quantitation algorithm. We present results from spectroscopic imaging of phantoms, then show application to a single-voxel water-suppressed proton brain study. We find that the quantitation of the in vivo spectrum is made immune to inhomogeneous line broadening.
Energy-Efficient Hardware Prefetching for CMPs Using Heterogeneous Interconnects (2010)

In the last years high performance processor designs have evolved toward Chip-Multiprocessor (CMP) architectures that implement multiple processing cores on a single die. As the number of cores inside a CMP increases, the on-chip interconnection network will have significant impact on both overall performance and power consumption as previous studies have shown. On the other hand, CMP designs are likely to be equipped with latency hiding techniques like hardware prefetching in order to reduce the negative impact on performance that, otherwise, high cache miss rates would lead to. Unfortunately, the extra number of network messages that prefetching entails can drastically increase the amount of power consumed in the interconnect. In this work, we show how to reduce the impact of prefetching techniques in terms of power (and energy) consumption in the context of tiled CMPs. Our proposal is based on the fact that the wires used in the on-chip interconnection network can be designed with varying latency, bandwidth and power characteristics. By using a heterogeneous interconnect, where low-power wires are used for dealing with prefetched lines, significant energy savings can be obtained. Detailed simulations of a 16-core CMP show that our proposal obtains improvements of up to 30% in the power consumed by the interconnect (15-23% on average) with almost negligible cost in terms of execution time (average degradation of 2%).