gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous spectrum of supernovae (1982)

The influence of electron scattering upon the continuum energy distribution of supernovae is investigated. The problem of radiative transfer through the envelope is solved for a homogeneous sphere and for an envelope composed of plane-parallel layers. As a result, relations are obtained between the spectrophotometric gradient G and the envelope parameters. The spectrophotometric temperature T/sub c/ may differ sharply from the surface temperature T/sub 0/. The observed progressive drop in T/sub c/ may be caused either by a decrease in T/sub 0/ or by a changeover from LTE to an isothermal state in the envelope. One should recognize the wide difference that may occur between T/sub c/ and T/sub 0/ when attempting to identify supernova line spectra.
A new algorithm of plots centroid for radar target (2016)

For the 2D radar system, in order to improve the performance of target plots, a new algorithm based on geometric center and amplitudes of measurements was proposed, aimed at that the traditional plots centroid algorithm does not use the amplitude information or over-uses it. The proposed algorithm can reduce the weights of the measurements which are far away from the geometric centre, so as to obtain mere accurate range and azimuth estimations even under the circumstances of strong false measurements. Simulations show that the proposed method works better than the traditional methods.
Functional Biointerface for Microfluidic Devices Using Phospholipid Polymers (2008)

マイクロ流路を用いたバイオ分析デバイスの機能性，たとえば感度，精度，再現性の向上には，生体分子の非特異的吸着を抑制するバイオインターフェイスの構築が欠かせない．本報では，マイクロ流体デバイスに適したリン脂質(MPC)ポリマーの創製と，そのポリマーを用いたバイオインターフェイスの構築についての研究成果をまとめた． マイクロチップの基板として，汎用されている SiO2 系，およびポリマー系の基板に適した MPC ポリマーを設計した．石英基板には，シランカップリング基を有した MPC ポリマーが，ポリマー基板においては，疎水基，さらにはイオン性基を有する MPC ポリマーにより安定な界面が形成された．これらの MPC ポリマーは，タンパク質や細胞の吸着を抑制する機能性を示した．また，電荷を有する MPC ポリマーによるバイオインターフェイスは，生体適合性に加えて，ゼータ電位制御による電気浸透流速度の制御を同時に実現させた． このように，MPC ポリマーは，基材と分析目的にあわせた分子設計が容易であり，生体物質を扱うさまざまなマイクロ流体デバイスの基盤となるバイオインターフェイスを構築するバイオマテリアルである．
Free Energy Calculation on HIV Protease And Inhibitor (2008)

In this paper,the binding free energy between HIV protease and inhibitor is calculated by molecular dynamics simulation with MM-PBSA method.The interaction between HIV protease and inhibitor is evaluated by energy decomposition analysis.In MM-PBSA,the enthalpy of system is calculated from molecular mechanics,The polar salvation free energy of system in water is obtained using the Poison-Boltzmann continuum solvent model.The nonpolar contribution is estimated from the solvent-accessible surface area using the MSMS program.
Synaptic Drive to Motoneurons During Fictive Swimming in the Developing Zebrafish (2001)

The development of swimming behavior and the correlated activity patterns recorded in motoneurons during fictive swimming in paralyzed zebrafish larvae were examined and compared. Larvae were studied from when they hatch (after 2 days) and are first capable of locomotion to when they are active swimmers capable of capturing prey (after 4 days). High-speed (500 Hz) video imaging was used to make a basic behavioral characterization of swimming. At hatching and up to day 3, the larvae swam infrequently and in an undirected fashion. They displayed sustained bursts of contractions ('burst swimming') at an average frequency of 60-70 Hz that lasted from several seconds to a minute in duration. By day 4 the swimming had matured to a more frequent and less erratic "beat-and-glide" mode, with slower (approximately 35 Hz) beats of contractions for approximately 200 ms alternating with glides that were twice as long, lasting from just a few cycles to several minutes overall. In whole cell current-clamp recordings, motoneurons displayed similar excitatory synaptic activity and firing patterns, corresponding to either fictive burst swimming (day 2-3) or beat-and-glide swimming (day 4). The resting potentials were similar at all stages (about -70 mV) and the motoneurons were depolarized (to about -40 mV) with generally non-overshooting action potentials during fictive swimming. The frequency of sustained inputs during fictive burst swimming and of repetitive inputs during fictive beat-and glide swimming corresponded to the behavioral contraction patterns. Fictive swimming activity patterns were eliminated by application of glutamate antagonists (kynurenic acid or 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxalene-2,3-dione and DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid) and were modified but maintained in the presence of the glycinergic antagonist strychnine. The corresponding synaptic currents underlying the synaptic drive to motoneurons during fictive swimming could be isolated under voltage clamp and consisted of cationic [glutamatergic postsynaptic currents (PSCs)] and anionic inputs (glycinergic PSCs). Either sustained or interrupted patterns of PSCs were observed during fictive burst or beat-and-glide swimming, respectively. During beat-and-glide swimming, a tonic inward current and rhythmic glutamatergic PSCs (approximately 35 Hz) were observed. In contrast, bursts of glycinergic PSCs occurred at a higher frequency, resulting in a more tonic pattern with little evidence for synchronized activity. We conclude that a rhythmic glutamatergic synaptic drive underlies swimming and that a tonic, shunting glycinergic input acts to more closely match the membrane time constant to the fast synaptic drive.
Potential interstellar molecules. Formation of neutral C6CO from C6CO?� in the gas phase (2000)

Computations at the RCCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ//B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory indicate that neutral C(6)CO is a stable species. The ground state of this neutral is the singlet cumulene oxide :C=C=C=C=C=C=C=O. The adiabatic electron affinity and dipole moment of singlet C(6)CO are 2.47 eV and 4.13 D, respectively, at this level of theory. The anion (C(6)CO)-* should be a possible precursor to this neutral. It has been formed by an unequivocal synthesis in the ion source of a mass spectrometer by the S(N)2(Si) reaction between (CH(3))(3)Si-C(triple bond)C-C(triple bond)C-C(triple bond)C-CO-CMe(3) and F(-) to form (-)C(triple bond)C-C(triple bond)C-C(triple bond)C-CO-Me(3) which loses Me(3)C* in the source to form C(6)CO(-)*. Charge stripping of this anion by vertical Franck-Condon oxidation forms C(6)CO, characterised by the neutralisation-reionisation spectrum (-NR(+)) of C(6)CO(-*), which is stable during the timeframe of this experiment (10(-6) s).
Identifying mangrove-coral habitats in the Florida Keys (2020)

Coral reefs are degrading due to many synergistic stressors. Recently there have been a number of global reports of corals occupying mangrove habitats that provide a supportive environment or refugium for corals, sheltering them by reducing stressors such as oxidative light stress and low pH. This study used satellite imagery and manual ground-truthing surveys to search for mangrove-coral habitats in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and then collected basic environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH<sub>NBS</sub>, turbidity) at identified sites using a multi-parameter water quality sonde. Two kinds of mangrove-coral habitats were found in both the Upper and Lower Florida Keys: (1) prop-root corals, where coral colonies were growing directly on (and around) mangrove prop roots, and (2) channel corals, where coral colonies were growing in mangrove channels under the shade of the mangrove canopy, at deeper depths and not in as close proximity to the mangroves. Coral species found growing on and directly adjacent to prop roots included <i>Porites porites</i> (multiple morphs, including <i>P. divaricata</i> and <i>P. furcata</i>), <i>Siderastrea radians</i>, and <i>Favia fragum</i>. Channel coral habitats predominantly hosted <i>S. radians</i> and a few <i>S. siderea</i>, although single colonies of <i>Solenastrea bournoni</i> and <i>Stephanocoenia intersepta</i> were observed. Although clear, low-turbidity water was a consistent feature of these mangrove-coral habitats, the specific combination of environmental factors that determine which mangrove habitats are favorable for coral recruitment remains to be defined. Circumstantial evidence suggests additional coral communities existed on mangrove shorelines of oceanside and backcountry islands until destroyed, likely by Hurricane Irma. These mangrove-coral habitats may be climate refugia for corals and could be included in ecosystem management plans and considered for their applications in coral restoration.
A Method of Preventing Unauthorized Data Transmission in Controller Area Network (2012)

There is a strong demand for the security of Controller Area Network (CAN), a major in-vehicle network. A number of methods to detect unauthorized data transmission, such as anomaly detection and misuse detection, have already been proposed. However, all of them have no capability of preventing unauthorized data transmission itself. In this paper, we propose a novel method that realizes the prevention as well as detection. Our method can be effectively implemented with minimal changes in the current architecture of Electronic Control Unit. The method works even in a CAN with multiple buses interconnected by gateways.
The role of dopamine in intracranial self-stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (1987)

The role of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in brain stimulation reward produced by electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was investigated in the rat. In the first experiment, extensive 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the ascending fibers of the mesotelencephalic DA projections resulted in significant changes in intracranial self-stimulation (ICS) rate-current intensity functions when the lesion was ipsilateral to the stimulating electrode. Similar contralateral lesions had no effect on these functions, thus ruling out lesion-induced performance deficits as being responsible for the decreases in ICS rates across the wide range of current intensities that occurred after the ipsilateral lesions. In the second experiment, ICS obtained from electrodes in the VTA resulted in significant increases in the DA metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle ipsilateral to the stimulating electrode. The ratios of DOPAC and HVA to DA, considered to be indices of DA utilization, were also increased in these brain regions ipsilateral to the electrode. No changes were observed in the contralateral striatum, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle. Similar increases were observed in stimulated "yoked" animals that received brain stimulation at identical rates and currents but did not lever-press for this stimulation. The third experiment examined the effects of lever-pressing for food on an FR8 schedule of reinforcement on DA utilization in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle. Despite high rates of responding, no effects were observed on DOPAC:DA or HVA:DA ratios in these brain regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Homochiral and racemic MicroED structures of a peptide from the ice nucleation protein InaZ (2018)

Abstract The ice nucleation protein InaZ of Pseudomonas syringae contains a large number of degenerate repeats that span more than a quarter of its sequence and include the segment GSTSTA. We determine ab initio structures of this repeat segment, resolved to 1.1Å by microfocus x-ray crystallography and 0.9Å by the cryoEM method MicroED, from both racemic and homochiral crystals. We evaluate the benefits of racemic protein crystals for structure determination by MicroED and confirm that phase restriction introduced by crystal centrosymmetry increases the number of successful trials during ab initio phasing of electron diffraction data. Both homochiral and racemic GSTSTA form amyloid-like protofibrils with labile, corrugated antiparallel beta sheets that mate face to back. The racemic GSTSTA protofibril represents a new class of amyloid assembly in which all left-handed sheets mate with their all right-handed counterparts. Our determination of racemic amyloid assemblies by MicroED reveals complex amyloid architectures and illustrates the racemic advantage in macromolecular crystallography, now with sub-micron sized crystals. Synopsis The atomic asymmetry, left or right handedness, present in macromolecules and first described by Pasteur in his experiments with tartaric acid, is evident even in complex molecular assemblies like amyloid fibrils. Here, using the cryoEM method MicroED, we show that a segment from the ice nucleation protein InaZ assembles into homochiral and racemic water-binding amyloid protofibrils.
The Cell Biology of Macrophage Activation (1984)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Color tuning of multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters based on fully fused polycyclic amine/carbonyl frameworks (2023)

Two newly developed carboynyl-based multi-resonant TADF show bright green-yellow emission. These were used as emitters in both OLEDs, and LECs.
Toll-like Receptors, Notch Ligands, and Cytokines Drive the Chronicity of Lung Inflammation (2007)

Current dogma supports the concept that the expression of a disease-inducing signature cytokine phenotype is important to the maintenance stage of chronic lung disorders. This cytokine phenotype has been characterized as a polarization toward type 2 cytokines, which are profibrotic and immunoregulatory. The biology of this latter activity could mechanistically explain pathogen-induced exacerbation of chronic lung inflammation, as a skewed cytokine profile in the lung alters dendritic cell function, activates fibroblasts, and facilitates a subsequent "second hit" by an infectious pathogen. In this setting, cytokine biology is also linked to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the maintenance of lung immunity, as the activity of this receptor-ligand system by both leukocytes and stromal cells is likely an important component of disease chronicity. The participation of dendritic cells via TLRs in chronic lung disease could facilitate communication circuits established between antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. Data suggest that TLR activation via myeloid differentiation factor 88 adaptor protein leads to the induction of a Notch ligand known as Delta-like-4 on dendritic cells that activate the Notch receptor on T cells, promoting a helper T-cell type 1 cytokine response. It is likely that the evolution of host defense signals designed to recognize patterns emitted from a hostile microbial environment may now be superimposed on adaptive immunity and provide the underpinning to support the maintenance of chronic lung disease.
A Group Delay Compensation Power Amplifier with Auto Power Level Control for 24GHz FMCW Automobile Radar Application (2018)

A group-delay compensation power amplifier (PA) is proposed in this paper. Equalizer based on the all-pass filter is used to reduce the chirp signal linearity distortion caused by the nonlinear group delay of the PA. The group delay variation of the whole PA is less than ±5ps. An auto power-level control loop is adopted to stabilize the output power against the temperature and process variation. The control loop is based on the power detector and charge pump. The different output power level can be set using the loop directly to satisfy the needs of different detection distance. The power gain of the PA is 21.5 dB and the maximum output power is 14.5 dBm. The 2f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> impedance is controlled to improve the power added efficiency (PAE). The maximum PAE reaches 33.5%. The size of the whole chip is 0.8×0.9 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Dielectrophoresis of microscopic particles (1979)

When the potential of a small loop of wire is raised by a few volts with respect to a flat counter electrode it is possible to trap a dielectric particle in a position of stable equilibrium. 50 mu m diameter particles of divinyl benzene suspended in water have been studied. The dielectrophoretic response of such particles as a function of the frequency of the applied voltage should enable relaxation processes at the particle-liquid interface to be determined.
A Short, Novel, and Cheaper Procedure for Oligonucleotide Synthesis Using Automated Solid Phase Synthesizer (2003)

Dimethylthiuram disulfide (DTD) has been developed as an efficient thiolation reagent during automated synthesis of oligonucleotides using phosphoramidite chemistry. Simultaneous thiolation and capping was accomplished by mixing DTD with capping solution B, which saved 20% of solvent consumption and compressed the four-step synthesis cycle to three. Large-scale (1 mmol) synthesis of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides has been demonstrated with excellent yield and purity.
What does control theory bring to systems research? (2009)

Feedback mechanisms can help today's increasingly complex computer systems adapt to changes in workloads or operating conditions. Control theory offers a principled way for designing feedback loops to deal with unpredictable changes, uncertainties, and disturbances in systems. We provide an overview of the joint research at HP Labs and University of Michigan in the past few years, where control theory was applied to automated resource and service level management in data centers. We highlight the key benefits of a control-theoretic approach for systems research, and present specific examples from our experience of designing adaptive resource control systems where this approach worked well. In addition, we outline the main limitations of this approach, and discuss the lessons learned from our experience.
Examination of balance measures produced by the biodex stability system. (1998)

These data suggest that uninjured individuals spent the majority of the time balanced within 0 degrees to 5 degrees from level and progressively less time at greater angles. Additionally, the data suggest that the OSI is very closely related to the APSI and receives a relatively small contribution from the MLSI. Because of this small contribution, if the clinician is interested in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral motions, it may be best to use the MLSI and APSI separately rather than the OSI.
Calcium Sulfate (2000)

Abstract Calcium sulfate, CaSO 4 , in mineral form is commonly called and occurs abundantly in many areas of the world. In natural deposits, the main form is the dihydrate. Some anhydrite is also present in most areas, although to a lesser extent. The hemihydrate is normally produced by heat conversion of the dihydrate. The resulting powder is also known as plaster of Paris. Stucco has the greatest commercial significance of these materials. It is the primary constituent used to fabricate products and in formulated plasters used in job or shop‐site applications. About \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${23\times 10^{6}{\hskip0.167em}{\hskip0.167em}{\rm{t}}}$\end{document} of gypsum are consumed annually. About 80% is processed into the commercially usable hemihydrate. Uses of gypsum are in fabricated or formulated building materials, Portland cement set regulation, and agricultural soil conditioning. The natural, or mineral, form of gypsum is most widely extracted by mining or quarrying and used commercially. Gypsum is also obtained as a by‐product of various chemical processes. The main sources are from processes involving scrubbing gases evolved in burning fuels that contain sulfur, and the chemical synthesis of chemicals, such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, titanium dioxide, citric acid, and organic polymers. Gypsum rock from the mine or quarry is crushed and sized to meet the requirements of future processing or removed for direct marketing of the dihydrate as a cement retarder. Once subjected to a secondary crusher, calcining, and drying, the product is fine‐ground. The majority of fine‐ground dihydrate is used as feed to calcination processes for conversion to hemihydrate. The dehydration of gypsum, commonly referred to as calcination in the gypsum industry, is used to prepare hemihydrate, or anhydrite. Three processing methods are used for the production of α‐hemihydrate. One involves charging lump gypsum rock into a vertical retort and applying steam. After calcination for 5–7 h the hot moist rock is quickly dried and pulverized. Another method has lower water demand. The dihydrate is heated in a water solution containing a metallic salt at pressures not exceeding atmospheric. A third method prepares very low water‐demand α‐hemihydrate by auto‐claving powdered gypsum in a slurry. A crystal‐modifying substance is added to produce large squat crystals. Soluble anhydrite is commercially manufactured in a variety of forms by low temperature dehydration of gypsum. Crude gypsum is the principal form of calcium sulfate shipped in international trade, although by the 1980s an increased volume of fabricated products moved across international borders.
Resistance to Phialophora gregata Is Expressed in the Stems of Resistant Soybeans (2003)

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine if resistance to Phialophora gregata, the causal agent of brown stem rot (BSR) of soybean, is expressed in the stems of resistant soybean genotypes. Upon introduction of the pathogen into the base of stems of 2-week-old seedlings, the fungus advanced with the growing tips of plants of susceptible genotypes but lagged behind in resistant genotypes. Five weeks after introduction of the pathogen, both mean percent stem length colonized by P. gregata and mean percentage of symptomatic trifoliate leaflets were significantly less for resistant than for susceptible genotypes. These results indicate that resistance can be expressed in the stems of resistant soybean plants and suggest that stem inoculation methods may be useful for assessing resistance to P. gregata. Also, in our experiments, internal stem discoloration was not as useful as colonization and foliar symptoms in discriminating resistant from susceptible genotypes.
Developing Patient-Centered Preventative Care to Reduce Mobility Disability With Aging: Preferences From a Discrete Choice Experiment (2023)

Older adults value preventative care for reducing mobility disability. They identified time efficiency and the inclusion of measures to assess balance as priorities for this preventative physical therapy visit.
Allogenic Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy for Adhesive Capsulitis: A Bed-to-Bench Study With Propensity Score Matching Using a Corticosteroid Control Group (2021)

Allogenic PRP could be a treatment option for the inflammatory stage of AC.