gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein enriched pasta: structure and digestibility of its protein network (2016)

Wheat (W) pasta was enriched in 6% gluten (G), 35% faba (F) or 5% egg (E) to increase its protein content (13% to 17%). The impact of the enrichment on the multiscale structure of the pasta and on in vitro protein digestibility was studied. Increasing the protein content (W- vs. G-pasta) strengthened pasta structure at molecular and macroscopic scales but reduced its protein digestibility by 3% by forming a higher covalently linked protein network. Greater changes in the macroscopic and molecular structure of the pasta were obtained by varying the nature of protein used for enrichment. Proteins in G- and E-pasta were highly covalently linked (28-32%) resulting in a strong pasta structure. Conversely, F-protein (98% SDS-soluble) altered the pasta structure by diluting gluten and formed a weak protein network (18% covalent link). As a result, protein digestibility in F-pasta was significantly higher (46%) than in E- (44%) and G-pasta (39%). The effect of low (55 °C, LT) vs. very high temperature (90 °C, VHT) drying on the protein network structure and digestibility was shown to cause greater molecular changes than pasta formulation. Whatever the pasta, a general strengthening of its structure, a 33% to 47% increase in covalently linked proteins and a higher β-sheet structure were observed. However, these structural differences were evened out after the pasta was cooked, resulting in identical protein digestibility in LT and VHT pasta. Even after VHT drying, F-pasta had the best amino acid profile with the highest protein digestibility, proof of its nutritional interest.
Genetic Assessment of B-cell Responses Following Immunization with HIV Env Protein and Adjuvants or SHIV (AD8) Infection in Nonhuman Primates (2014)

AIDS Research and Human RetrovirusesVol. 30, No. S1 AbstractFree accessPublished Online: 30 October 2014 Share on Genetic Assessment of B-cell Responses Following Immunization with HIV Env Protein and Adjuvants or SHIV (AD8) Infection in Nonhuman PrimatesAuthors: Joseph Francica, Zizhang Sheng, Yoshiaki Nishimura, Zhenghai Zhang, Manmohan Singh, Derek T. O'Hagan, Daniel Douek, Thomas Kepler, Malcolm Martin, Lawrence Shapiro, and Robert SederAuthors Info & AffiliationsPublication: AIDS Research and Human RetrovirusesVolume 30, Issue Number S1https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2014.5076.abstract Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites PDF/EPUB
A SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ACTIVE NOISE CONTROL SYSTEM COMBINED WITH PASSIVE SILENCERS FOR IMPROVED NOISE REDUCTION IN DUCTS (2007)

This paper presents a feedforward active noise control system combined with passive silencers for reducing acoustic noise propagating through ventilation ducts. It is investigated if the passive silencers can increase the noise attenuation potential of the active noise control system and experimental results are presented. The results show that installing a passive silencer results in less pronounced standing waves in the duct and hence to performance increase of the active noise control system. Evaluating measurements regarding the performance of the active noise control system have also been conducted in an acoustic laboratory according to an ISO-standard.
Lack of Prophylactic Efficacy of Oral Maraviroc in Macaques despite High Drug Concentrations in Rectal Tissues (2013)

Maraviroc (MVC) is a potent CCR5 coreceptor antagonist that is in clinical testing for daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. We used a macaque model consisting of weekly SHIV162p3 exposures to evaluate the efficacy of oral MVC in preventing rectal SHIV transmission. MVC dosing was informed by the pharmacokinetic profile seen in blood and rectal tissues and consisted of a human-equivalent dose given 24 h before virus exposure, followed by a booster postexposure dose. In rectal secretions, MVC peaked at 24 h (10,242 ng/ml) with concentrations at 48 h that were about 40 times those required to block SHIV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. Median MVC concentrations in rectal tissues at 24 h (1,404 ng/g) were 30 and 10 times those achieved in vaginal or lymphoid tissues, respectively. MVC significantly reduced macrophage inflammatory protein 1β-induced CCR5 internalization in rectal mononuclear cells, an indication of efficient binding to CCR5 in rectal lymphocytes. The half-life of CCR5-bound MVC in PBMCs was 2.6 days. Despite this favorable profile, 5/6 treated macaques were infected during five rectal SHIV exposures as were 3/4 controls. MVC treatment was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of CD3(+)/CCR5(+) cells in blood. We show that high and durable MVC concentrations in rectal tissues are not sufficient to prevent SHIV infection in macaques. The increases in CD3(+)/CCR5(+) cells seen during MVC treatment point to unique immunological effects of CCR5 inhibition by MVC. The implications of these immunological effects on PrEP with MVC require further evaluation.
Amortizing Randomness in Private Multiparty Computations (2003)

We study the relationship between the number of rounds needed to repeatedly perform a private computation (i.e., where there are many sets of inputs sequentially given to the players on which the players must compute a function privately) and the overall randomness needed for this task. For the XOR function we show that, by re-using the same $\ell$ random bits, we can significantly speed up the round-complexity of each computation compared to what is achieved by the naive strategy of partitioning the $\ell$ random bits between the computations. Moreover, we prove that our protocols are optimal in the amount of randomness they require.
Data from Safety and Chemopreventive Effect of Polyphenon E in Preventing Early and Metastatic Progression of Prostate Cancer in TRAMP Mice (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Prostate cancer treatment is often accompanied by untoward side effects. Therefore, chemoprevention to reduce the risk and inhibit the progression of prostate cancer may be an effective approach to reducing disease burden. We investigated the safety and efficacy of Polyphenon E, a green tea extract, in reducing the progression of prostate cancer in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. A total of 119 male TRAMP and 119 C57BL/6J mice were treated orally with one of 3 doses of Polyphenon E (200, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg/day) in drinking water &lt;i&gt;ad libitum&lt;/i&gt; replicating human achievable doses. Baseline assessments were performed before treatments. Safety and efficacy assessments during treatments were performed when mice were 12, 22, and 32 weeks old. The number and size of tumors in treated TRAMP mice were significantly decreased compared with untreated animals. In untreated 32 weeks old TRAMP mice, prostate carcinoma metastasis to distant sites was observed in 100% of mice (8/8), compared with 13% of mice (2/16) treated with high-dose Polyphenon E during the same period. Furthermore, Polyphenon E treatment significantly inhibited metastasis in TRAMP mice in a dose-dependent manner (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0003). Long-term (32 weeks) treatment with Polyphenon E was safe and well tolerated with no evidence of toxicity in C57BL/6J mice. Polyphenon E is an effective chemopreventive agent in preventing the progression of prostate cancer to metastasis in TRAMP mice. Polyphenon E showed no toxicity in these mouse models. Our findings provide additional evidence for the safety and chemopreventive effect of Polyphenon E in preventing metastatic progression of prostate cancer. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Prev Res; 7(4); 435–44. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Mitochondrial membrane potential differentiates cells resistant to apoptosis in hybridoma cultures (2000)

Previous research has implicated mitochondrial physiology and, by extension, respiratory capacity in the initiation and progress of apoptosis of cells in culture and tissue environments. This hypothesis was tested by separating a hybridoma cell population into subpopulations of varying mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) using Rhodamine 123 stain and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis and subjecting them to two apoptosis inducers, rotenone and staurosporin. Apoptotic death was characterized morphologically through the determination of apoptosis-related chromatin condensation and biochemically through the measurement of caspase-3 enzymatic activity. We found dramatic differences in the apoptotic death kinetics for the subpopulations, with the high MMP cells showing higher resistance to apoptotic death. After incubation with 30 microM rotenone, the low MMP cells exhibited one-third of the viability of the high MMP cells and a three-fold increase in the capsase-3 enzymatic activity. No changes were observed in the DNA content or the cell cycle distributions of the two cell subpopulations, which maintained their mean MMP difference after 20 generations. These results suggest that heterogeneity exists in mammalian cell populations with respect to mitochondrial physiology, which correlates with resistance to apoptotic death.
Influence of mechanical and fatigue loading on crystallization of carbon black-filled natural rubber (2026)

Crystallization occurs when rubber is loaded in tension. It is caused by an alignment of macro-molecular chains. Crystallization is characterized using sequential X-rays diffraction analysis. The objective of this work is to highlight the link between loading conditions and crystallization. Investigated conditions consist in: (i) monotonic tensile loading, (ii) stress relaxation and (iii) fatigue. Results show that crystallization increases when the maximum stretch is increased and that a minimum stretch level, Àc, is required to start crystallization. Relaxation also increases crystallization. Increasing temperature decreases the crystallization level. Fatigue loadings also tend to decrease crystallization in particular when the minimum stretch is close to the critical stretch Àc.
Ava Active Speaker: An Audio-Visual Dataset for Active Speaker Detection (2020)

Active speaker detection is an important component in video analysis algorithms for applications such as speaker diarization, video re-targeting for meetings, speech enhancement, and human-robot interaction. The absence of a large, carefully labeled audio-visual active speaker dataset has limited evaluation in terms of data diversity, environments, and accuracy. In this paper, we present the AVA Active Speaker detection dataset (AVA-ActiveSpeaker) which has been publicly released to facilitate algorithm development and comparison. It contains temporally labeled face tracks in videos, where each face instance is labeled as speaking or not, and whether the speech is audible. The dataset contains about 3.65 million human labeled frames spanning 38.5 hours. We also introduce a state-of-the-art, jointly trained audio-visual model for real-time active speaker detection and compare several variants. The evaluation clearly demonstrates a significant gain due to audio-visual modeling and temporal integration over multiple frames.
Comparing Credibility Estimates of Health Insurance Claims Costs (2005)

Abstract We fit a linear mixed model and a Bayesian hierarchical model to data provided by an insurance company located in the Midwest. We used models fit to the 1994 data to predict health insurance claims costs for 1995. We implemented the linear mixed model in SAS and used two different prediction methods to predict 1995 costs. In the linear mixed model we assumed a normal likelihood. In the hierarchical Bayes model, we used Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to obtain posterior distributions of the parameters, as well as predictive distributions of the next year’s costs. We assumed the likelihood for this model to be a mixture of a gamma distribution for the nonzero costs, with a point mass for the zero costs. All prediction methods use credibility-type estimators that use relevant information from related experience. The linear mixed model was heavily influenced by the skewed nature of the data. The assumed gamma likelihood of the full Bayesian analysis appeared to underestimate the tails of the distributions. All prediction models underestimated costs for 1995.
New insights into the photocatalytic activity of 3-D core–shell P25@silica nanocomposites: impact of mesoporous coating (2017)

In this report, a three-dimensional (3-D) network of core-shell TiO<sub>2</sub> (P25)-mesoporous SiO<sub>2</sub> (P25@mSiO<sub>2</sub>) nanocomposites was prepared via a controllable surfactant-assisted sol-gel method. The nanocomposites were investigated for photocatalytic reactions of organic dye degradation, water splitting, and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to understand the roles of the mSiO<sub>2</sub> shell in these photocatalytic reactions. It was found that the mSiO<sub>2</sub> shell accelerates the photodegradation of the organic dye, but dramatically reduces the photocatalytic activity of P25 in water splitting and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. The roles played by the mSiO<sub>2</sub> shell in the photocatalytic reactions are summarized as: (1) effective prevention of agglomeration of P25 nanoparticles, (2) facilitating the transfer of uncharged photo-generated ˙OH radicals via the abundant -OH groups on the mesoporous surface, (3) provision of increased reaction sites between ˙OH radicals and dye molecules by its mesoporous nanostructure and large surface area, and (4) prevention of diffusion of the photo-generated charge carriers (photoelectrons and photoholes) because of its insulating nature.
Influence of contact parameters on material transfer from steel to TiN coated tool – optimisation of a sliding test for simulation of material transfer in milling (2016)

Sliding between crossed cylinders, one large work material cylinder and one smaller coated tool cylinder, can be used to simulate the contact between a chip and the rake face of a cutting tool. However, accurate simulations require the mode of material transfer in the test to match that in real machining. The mode is strongly dependent on normal load and sliding speed, and it is classified into four types; negligible oxide, only iron oxide, iron oxide and alloy oxide, and metallic transfer with coating cracking. A high load proved to be the most important to accurately simulate the mode and area of material transfer occurring in milling. The diameter of the work material cylinder influences the shape of the contact mark, but has no influence on the mode of transfer. This means smaller work material diameters can favourably be used, reducing costs and facilitating handling during both tests and analysis.
Analysis of Binding Energetics in Paper and Thin‐Layer Chromatography (1986)

Abstract The binding of organic compounds to inorganic and organic polymers can be resolved by multiple regression analysis of adsorption data. Such data are provided indirectly by adsorption chromatography retentions or directly through measured heats of adsorption. This study uses chromatographic data to explore the nature of low energy binding events in terms of a primary binding descriptor (log P or MR) modified by electronic, steric, and sub‐structural descriptors. Mechanistic details are clearly revealed in the linear structure‐adsorption equations so derived. Aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, carboxylic acids, pyridines, and other classes adsorb on silica, paper, and Nylon 6 by mechanisms that are highly sensitive to structural change and, thus, easily resolved. The descriptors clearly indicate that binding predominates over the developing solvent effect.
Loss and Birefringence for Arbitrarily Bent Optical Fibres (1990)

We present a calculation to determine the radiation losses for arbitrarily bent, weakly guiding optical fibres. Our results are derived for the full set of vector Maxwell's equations, and show that the rate of energy loss due to radiation differs for the various modes. These results are different from that calculated from a scalar theory, where the so-called linearly polarized (LP) modes are used to approximate the electromagnetic field distributions, showing that in this case scalar theories give incorrect loss rates. We also show that different ranges for the size of the curvature and torsion produce quite different effects. In particular, we show that, for smaller amounts of curvature and torsion, the modes retain the basic structure of the modes in the straight fibre while losing energy slowly at differing rates, while, for larger amounts of curvature and torsion, the modes become distorted by the bending.
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum Antibodies in Dogs From Grenada, West Indies (2008)

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are structurally similar parasites with many common hosts. The prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii and N. caninum was determined in sera from dogs in Grenada, West Indies. Using a modified agglutination test, antibodies to T. gondii were found in 52 (48.5%) of the 107 dogs, with titers of 1:25 in 17, 1:50 in 19, 1:100 in 7, 1:1,600 in 5, and 1:3,200 or higher in 4. Seroprevalence increased with age from 2.2% in dogs <6 mo old to 18.9% in dogs older than 2 yr, indicating postnatal transmission of T. gondii in this population of canines. There was no correlation between the health of the dogs and the seroprevalence or magnitude of the T. gondii titer. Antibodies to N. caninum were determined by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Two of the 107 dogs had N. caninum antibodies (IFAT titers 1:100 and 1:400); these dogs had T. gondii titers of 1:1,600 and 1:50, respectively. Results indicate that these 2 structurally similar protozoa are antigenically different.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL‐CARBON BONDS. PART 56. ATTACK ON ALLENE COMPLEXES OF TYPE CIS‐(PTCL2(PR3)(C3H4)) BY THE AMBIDENT NUCLEOPHILE, ACETOXIME. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CHLORO(1,4‐DIMETHYL‐3‐OXO‐3‐AZAPENTA‐1,3‐DIEN‐1‐YL‐C1O)(DIMETHYLPHENYLPHOSPHINE)PLATINUM (1983)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Allen‐Komplexes (I) mit Acetoxim (II) führt unter nucleophilem Angriff des N‐Atoms am Allen unter einer I‐3‐H‐Verschiebung sowie unter Ringschluß zu dem Titelkomplex (III).
Rechargeable Lithium Sulfur Battery (2003)

This paper reports on the investigation of rate capability and cycle characteristics of a lithium sulfur battery. The second discharge region where solid is formed on the surface of the carbon matrix in the cathode was highly sensitive to cathode thickness and discharge rate. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation suggests that thick layer formed at the surface of the cathode causes the diminution of the second discharge region at high discharge rate. Upon repeated cycle, the delocalization of the surface layer happened, however, the irreversible gradually increased with cycle as evidence by (SEM) and wave dispersive spectroscopy measurements, causing capacity fade. The formation of the irreversible was more significant for higher rates of discharge. It is believed that the destruction of the carbon matrix by stress generated during the localized deposition of is responsible for the formation of irreversible © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A review of antidepressant‐induced hypomania in major depression: suggestions for DSM‐V (2004)

The rate of antidepressant-induced hypomania in major depressive disorder is within the rate of misdiagnosis of bipolar depression as unipolar. Depressed patients who experience antidepressant-associated hypomania are truly bipolar.
The importance of 3D imaging for the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment (2016)

Within a century, dental radiology “suffered” transformation, beginning with periapical radiographs, cephalograms and panoramic radiography and continuing with digital imaging and cone beam computed tomography. In contemporary dental practice is importantant to choose the type of radiographic investigation in order to achieve a complete and accurate diagnosis, so necessary for determining the treatment plan for patients with dental-maxillary abnormalities. We conducted a comparative study between conventional radiographic investigation (periapical radiographs, panoramic radiography) and cone beam computed tomography in patients with malocclusions. The costs and radiation doses are low to the classic X-rays, but the diagnosis is given by the two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional dental-maxillary pathologies. Cone Beam CT scans were relatively high in cost and in radiation doses, but provided three-dimensional images and anatomic and radiological data of superior quality to the classics.
A Novel Multi-Band Reduced Sampling Rate and I/Q Compensation Technique for RF Power Amplifiers (2019)

In this paper, a novel multi-band reduced sampling rate technique is proposed for power amplifier (PA) linearization system. It is used to enhance performance and reduce hardware costs in spectrum aggregation discontinuous broadband systems and compensate in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance in the multi-band case. During the feedback loop process of sampling rate, a band-limited filter is introduced, and the frequency band extrapolation is carried out so that the spectrum outside the limited band is compensated effectively. Theoretical analysis is performed to compare the proposed method and the conventional methods. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, a broadband PA is excited by a tri-band signal composed of a 20 MHz long-term evolution (LTE) signal at 1.31 GHz, a 20 MHz 4-carrier wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) signal at 2.49 GHz, and a 20 MHz 2-carrier WiMAX signal at 2.58 GHz respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the normalized mean square error (NMSE) can get high accuracy less than -41 dB, with peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) equaling 9 dB accompanied by a large reduction in sampling rate. Error vector magnitude (EVM) is 1% better than band-limited memory polynomial (MP) model and 2.3% better than conventional MP model.
Type IV Secretion Systems (2012)

The recent advancement in the study of type IV secretion systems has provided us with a better understanding of horizontal gene transfer, a major contributing factor to antibiotic resistance and genome plasticity. Type IV secretion systems are not the only special secretion system used by microorganisms but it is one of the most versatile in the effectors it is capable of transporting and is seen in many bacteria and even a few Achaea.
<title>Off-axis one-sided negative-branch unstable resonators compared with positive-branch unstable resonators in wave-optics characteristics</title> (2001)

Wave optics calculations for power losses and mode profiles of off-axis positive branch and negative branch unstable resonators have been investigated. The beam modes become fully one-sided with moderate power losses by shaving one side of the front mirror by 70% to 90% for a positive branch unstable resonator, and by 33% (=(|M|-1)/|M|) to 80% for a negative branch unstable. At the conference, we also discuss the advantage of negative branch unstable resonators for the applications to high-power lasers.