gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An approach to optimize the stator circumferential geometry of a five phase FSPMSM (2015)

The paper is devoted to an approach to optimize the stator circumferential geometry of a five phase fractional-slot PM synchronous machine (FSPMSM). The proposed approach is initiated by a formulation of the armature MMF considering a sinusoidal current supply that matches the surface-mounted arrangement of the PMs. An investigation of the harmonic content of the armature MMF enables the analysis of its total harmonic distorsion versus the stator circumferential geometry. Then, the cogging torque is formulated and its variation with respect to the circumferential geometry is explored. The obtained results are validated by FEA. Finally, an optimal stator circumferential geometry is selected considering as criteria an increased average value of the electromagnetic torque, and a decreased peak-to-peak value of the cogging torque.
Absolute Fluorescent Quantum Efficiency of NBS Phosphor Standard Samples (1999)

The absolute fluorescent quantum efficiencies of NBS phosphor standard samples which were excited by a 254nm radiation were measured by a polychromator. The polychromator was calibrated by a conical cavity thermal radiation detector, which used polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films, coated inside with gold black absorber. The effective spectral absorptance of the derector was constant within 0.3% over a wavelength region of 200-600nm. Reproducibility of the absolute fluorescent quantum efficiency was within ±0.02.The relative values of fluorescent quantum emitted per 254nm incident radiation quantum agreed with the NBS data within 3%. The fluorescent quantum efficiency of NBS phosphor standard samples (NBS 1027) was 0.81.
On Deriving Good LDPC Convolutional Codes from QC LDPC Block Codes (2007)

In this paper we study the iterative decoding behavior of time-invariant and time-varying LDPC convolutional codes derived by unwrapping QC LDPC block codes. In particular, for a time-varying LDPC convolutional code, we show that the minimum pseudo-weight of the convolutional code is at least as large as the minimum pseudo-weight of the underlying QC code. We also prove that the unwrapped convolutional codes have fewer short cycles than the QC codes. These results taken together lead to improved BER performance in the low-to-moderate SNR region, where the decoding behavior is influenced by the complete pseudo-codeword spectra and by the Tanner graph cycle histogram, with the time-varying convolutional codes outperforming both the underlying QC block codes and their time-invariant convolutional counterparts.
Sourcing strategy and material control: An integrated model (1994)

This dissertation presents an analytical model that can help derive optimal sourcing strategy alternatives for firms that produce various finished products by assembling them from components which are purchased from external suppliers. A hierarchical, stochastic dynamic programming formulation has been developed to evaluate the impact of given sourcing strategy alternatives on the firm's total operating costs and delivery service levels to customer in an environment of uncertain demand. These alternatives specify the length of contracts, purchase price schedules and delivery lead time schedules for all components. Our analysis can be used to evaluate the tradeoffs between the flexibility of short term, spot market mediated contracts, and the benefits of long term cooperative contracts between buyers and suppliers. Our formulation integrates strategic decisions with respect to selection of supplier contracts, and tactical decisions relating to material control and component allocation. A survey of eight leading manufacturing firms was conducted as part of this research to validate our modeling assumptions, and test the results of our analysis. In order to understand the impact of strategic sourcing decisions of the firm's tactical decisions, a sub problem formulation of the firm's assembly system has been developed. Consistent with the trend in many industries, commonality of components across different finished products is assumed. Resupply lead times for the different components may be different depending upon the suppliers chosen. The firm is assumed to operate in an environment of demand uncertainty for finished products, though the demands may be correlated within any period. We have studied the tradeoffs between total inventory and shortage costs over all components, and the resulting finished product delivery service metrics such as delays due to component shortages, fill rates and order completion rates. The results are used to determine the optimal order up to levels for components so that target levels of delivery service may be provided. Our results can also be used to study the impact of system parameters such as lead times, holding cost rates and target service levels on total costs.
A computational study of axial dispersion in segmented gas-liquid flow (2007)

Axial dispersion of a tracer in a two-dimensional gas-liquid flow is studied computationally using a finite-volume/front-tracking method. The effects of Peclet number, capillary number, and segment size are examined. At low Peclet numbers, the axial dispersion is mainly controlled by the convection through the liquid films between the bubbles and channel walls. In this regime, the computational results are found to be in a very good agreement with the existing model due to Pedersen and Horvath [Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 20, 181 (1981)]. At high Peclet numbers, the axial dispersion is mainly controlled by the molecular diffusion, with some convective enhancement. In this regime, a new model is proposed and found to agree well with the computational results. These Peclet number regimes are shown to persist for different slug lengths. The axial dispersion is found to depend weakly on the capillary number in the diffusion-controlled regime. Finally, computational simulations are performed for the cases of six bubbles to mimic bubble trains, and results are compared with the theoretical models.
Scintillation of rare earth doped fluoride nanoparticles (2011)

The scintillation response of rare earth (RE) doped core/undoped (multi-)shell fluoride nanoparticles was investigated under x-ray and alpha particle irradiation. A significant enhancement of the scintillation response was observed with increasing shells due: (i) to the passivation of surface quenching defects together with the activation of the REs on the surface of the core nanoparticle after the growth of a shell, and (ii) to the increase of the volume of the nanoparticles. These results are expected to reflect a general aspect of the scintillation process in nanoparticles, and to impact radiation sensing technologies that make use of nanoparticles.
Stabilization of the Atlantoaxial Joint With C1-C3 Lateral Mass Screw Constructs: Biomechanical Comparison With Standard Technique (2010)

From a biomechanical perspective, both C2 screw sparing techniques provided sufficient stability to be regarded as an alternative for C1-2 fixation. However, because normal motion across C2-3 is sacrificed, these constructs should be used in patients with unfavorable anatomy for standard fixations.
CAPTOR: A Crowd-Aware Pre-Travel Recommender System for Out-of-Town Users (2022)

Pre-travel out-of-town recommendation aims to recommend Point-of-Interests (POIs) to the users who plan to travel out of their hometown in the near future yet have not decided where to go, i.e., their destination regions and POIs both remain unknown. It is a non-trivial task since the searching space is vast, which may lead to distinct travel experiences in different out-of-town regions and eventually confuse decision-making. Besides, users' out-of-town travel behaviors are affected not only by their personalized preferences but heavily by others' travel behaviors. To this end, we propose a Crowd-Aware Pre-Travel Out-of-town Recommendation framework (CAPTOR) consisting of two major modules: spatial-affined conditional random field (SA-CRF) and crowd behavior memory network (CBMN). Specifically, SA-CRF captures the spatial affinity among POIs while preserving the inherent information of POIs. Then, CBMN is proposed to maintain the crowd travel behaviors w.r.t. each region through three affiliated blocks reading and writing the memory adaptively. We devise the elaborated metric space with a dynamic mapping mechanism, where the users and POIs are distinguishable both inherently and geographically. Extensive experiments on two real-world nationwide datasets validate the effectiveness of CAPTOR against the pre-travel out-of-town recommendation task.
Experimental investigation of the effect of a rotating diffuser upon the radiation impedance of a source in a reverberant room (1976)

The radiation impedance of an aperture in the side wall of a 180 m3 reverberant room has been measured over the frequency range from 100 to 2000 Hz using a simple impedance tube and a high speed data acquisition system which allowed subsequent data reduction on a CDC6400 computer. The room contained a rotating diffuser of 18.71 m3 of swept volume which was capable of continuously variable rotational speed up to 50 rpm. Two apertures were investigated which were the open end of a 10-cm diameter impedance tube and the 43-cm diameter mouth of a conical horn. In the case of the horn the throat impedance was measured. Measurements at approximately two degree intervals of diffuser rotation showed that on average free-field values of radiation impedance obtained at all frequencies tested and for all rotational speeds of the diffuser. However a marked increase in the standard deviation about the mean was observed at frequencies below 900 Hz which decreased with increasing diffuser rotational speed up to approximately 30 rpm after which no further decrease occurred.
Role of reactive oxygen species in calcium signalling in hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (2013)

Introduction. Hypoxia is a hallmark of the cancer microenvironment and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells. EMT describes the transition of breast cancer cells into a more invasive phenotype. Hypoxia has been reported to cause changes in calcium (Ca2+) signalling in a variety of cell types including osteosarcoma and HEK293 cells, possibly through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), however, this pathway has not been studied in breast cancer cells. Aims. To investigate the role of hypoxia-mediated increases in ROS in the induction of EMT and altered Ca2+ signalling in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. Methods. MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells were incubated for 24 h at 1% O2 to induce hypoxia. ROS increases were assessed using a cell-permeable fluorogenic probe 2´,7´-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). Real time RT-PCR was used to assess the mRNA levels of 50 calcium channels and transporters in MDA-MB-468 cells in the presence and absence of hypoxia. Results. Hypoxia increased levels of the EMT markers vimentin and N-cadherin, and increased intracellular ROS levels. Five Ca2+ permeable channels belonging to different classes were identified as altered by hypoxia in MDAMB- 468 breast cancer cells. Chelation of ROS with 10 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly changed the expression pattern of these five selected Ca2+ channels as well as the EMT marker N-cadherin. Discussion. These results suggest an important role of ROS in hypoxia-mediated EMT in breast cancer cells and indicate that such changes are associated with alterations in the expression of specific Ca2+ permeable ion channels.
Integration of a particle-particle-particle-mesh algorithm with the ensemble Monte Carlo method for the simulation of ultra-small semiconductor devices (2000)

A particle-particle-particle-mesh (P/sup 3/M) algorithm is integrated with the ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) method for the treatment of carrier-impurity (c-i) and carrier-carrier (c-c) effects in semiconductor device simulation. Ionized impurities and charge carriers are treated granularly as opposed to the normal continuum methods and c-i and c-c interactions are calculated in three dimensions. The combined P/sup 3/M-EMC method follows the approach of Hockney (1981), but is modified to treat nonuniform rectilinear meshes with arbitrary boundary conditions. Bulk mobility results are obtained for a three-dimensional (3-D) resistor and are compared with previously reported experimental and numerical results.
Is a Switch From Insulin Therapy to Liraglutide Possible in Japanese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients? (2014)

Switching from insulin to liraglutide therapy is possible for carefully selected patients. Daily insulin dosage and duration of insulin therapy appear to be clinically useful indicators for the efficacy of liraglutide therapy.
Bioactivity of essential oils from five spices against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) (2021)

Sitophilus zeamais is a serious pest of stored products in worldwide. We report for the first time on the repellent and contact toxicity of the essential oils of Myristica fragrans , Cinnamomum verum , Pimenta racemosa , Syzygium aromaticum and Cuminum cyminum against an important stored product pest, Sitophilus zeamais feeding on Pisum sativum . Eugenol was the dominant constituent of both P. racemosa (76.9%) and S. aromaticum (55%), while cinnamaldehyde (62%), cuminaldehyde (89.8%) and elemicin (59%) were the most prevalent components of C. verum, C. cyminum and M. fragrans respectively. Essential oils of M. fragrans, P. racemosa, C. verum and S. aromaticum were repellents at concentrations of 4 and 8µL/mL. M. fragrans essential oil was the most toxic against S. zeamais with 100% mortality occurring within 2 days at 100µL/mL. Significant mortality was also observed with C. verum essential oil causing 78% and 97% of deaths at concentrations of 75 and 100µL/mL respectively. The LC50 values for M. fragrans and C. verum oils were 10.16 and 56.47µL/mL with the corresponding LT50 values of 1.44 and 2.48 days respectively. These results indicate that the essential oils from M. fragrans and C. verum may be explored as potential natural repellent and contact insecticides against S. zeamais in stored products.
Enantioselective synthesis of substituted oxindoles and spirooxindoles with applications in drug discovery. (2010)

This review describes recent methods for the enantioselective synthesis of oxindoles and spirooxindoles, with a particular focus on scaffolds with applications in drug discovery. The synthetic challenge of the spiro-motif and the important biological activity of spirooxindoles continue to encourage the development of creative methods to access these important structures. Unique spirocycles often result from creative synthetic methods that would not typically be identified using classical synthetic disconnections. To establish the importance of asymmetric synthesis in the context of oxindole structures, recent examples are highlighted in which stereospecific binding and differential biological activity have been demonstrated based on the configuration at the 3-position. This review is organized by type of catalyst and synthetic strategy in order to compare traditional organometallic and Lewis acid methods with more recent organocatalytic methods. A section describing multicomponent and cascade reaction strategies is also included.
Dietary Supplement Intake and Fecundability in a Singapore Preconception Cohort Study (2022)

Subfertility is a global problem affecting millions worldwide, with declining total fertility rates. Preconception dietary supplementation may improve fecundability, but the magnitude of impact remains unclear. This prospective cohort study aimed to examine the association of preconception micronutrient supplements with fecundability, measured by time to pregnancy (TTP). The study was conducted at KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, between February 2015 and October 2017, on 908 women aged 18-45 years old, who were trying to conceive and were enrolled in the Singapore PREconception Study of long-Term maternal and child Outcomes (S-PRESTO). Baseline sociodemographic characteristics and supplement intake were collected through face-to-face interviews. The fecundability ratio (FR) was estimated using discrete-time proportional hazard modelling. Adjusting for potentially confounding variables, folic acid (FA) (FR 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.56) and iodine (1.28, 1.00-1.65) supplement users had higher fecundability compared to non-users. Conversely, evening primrose oil supplement users had lower fecundability (0.56, 0.31-0.99) than non-users. In this study, preconception FA and iodine supplementation were associated with shortened TTP, while evening primrose oil use was associated with longer TTP. Nonetheless, the association between supplement use and the magnitude of fecundability changes will need to be further confirmed with well-designed randomised controlled trials.
Cardiac autonomic control during balloon carotid angioplasty and stenting (2003)

Hemodynamic alterations during balloon carotid angioplasty (BCA) and stenting have been ascribed to the consequences of direct carotid baroreceptor stimulation during balloon inflation. BCA with stenting in patients with carotid atheromatous stenoses offers a unique opportunity for elucidating the cardiovascular autonomic response to direct transient intravascular stimulation of the baroreceptors. We analysed the consequences of BCA on the autonomic control of heart rate and on breathing components in nine patients with atheromatous stenoses involving the bifurcation and the internal carotid. A time-frequency domain method, the smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville transform (SPWVT), was used to evaluate the spectral parameters (i.e., the instantaneous amplitude and centre frequency (ICF) of the cardiovascular and respiratory oscillations). Those parameters and their dynamics (8 and 24 h later) were evaluated during and after the procedure. BCA stimulates baroreceptors in all patients, which markedly reduces heart rate and blood pressure. Vagal baroreflex activation altered the respiratory sinus arrhythmia in terms of amplitude and frequency (ICF HF RR shifted from 0.27 +/- 0.03 to 0.23 +/- 0.04 Hz pre-BCA vs. BCA, respectively; p < 0.01). Both the high- and low-frequency amplitudes of heart rate oscillations were altered during carotid baroreceptor stimulation, strongly supporting a contribution of the baroreflex to the generation of both oscillations of heart rate. Carotid baroreceptors stimulation increased the inspiratory time (Ti) (1.5 +/- 0.5 to 2.3 +/- 0.6 s pre-BCA vs. BCA, respectively; p < 0.01). In awake patients, BCA with stenting of atheromatous stenosis involving the bifurcation and internal carotid causes marked changes in the cardiac autonomic and respiratory control systems.
Error Analysis of the Finite-Volume Method with Respect to Mesh Type (2010)

This article presents truncation error terms for flux approximations on mesh faces, needed by the finite-volume method, and their influence on solution accuracy in the search for the optimal cell type. Face truncation errors are used to assemble truncation errors for different cell types such as squares, triangles, and hexagons. It is shown that squares have the smallest and triangles the largest truncation errors, for the same cell size, which is also confirmed by numerical experiments. It is also shown that polyhedral meshes consisting of hexagons are slightly less accurate than hexahedral meshes with the same cell size.
Synthesis of a Benzo[a]phenanthridine Isomeric with Apomorphine (1977)

The synthesis of the benzo[a]phenanthridine (21, an isomer of apomorphine (1) with the identical rigid spatial arrangement of the dopamine moiety, is described.Conversion of the 5-tetralone ( 9 ) into the N-benzoyl enamine (10) followed by photolysis furnished the translactam (11) which was reduced, N-methylated and 0-demethylated to afford the target compound (2).1 Although apomorphine (1) has been known for over a century and has been used clinically as an emetic agent,' it was not until 1970 when Cotzias and co-workers3 reaffirmed the dopamimetic activity reported by 4 Schwab and indicated its potential as an antiparkinson agent that structure-activity studies were undertaken.As a result, modifications of (1) have been synthesized which encompassed variation of the aromatic substitution pattern,5 enlargement of the heterocyclic ring,6 as well as the t~edicated to Professor Emeritus Shigehiko Sugasawa an the occasion of his eightieth birthday.dissection of (1) into 2-aminotetralins7'* and benzo[f]q~inolines.~In this connection, based on the concept that an isomer of (1) such as the benzo[a!phenanthridine (2) which retains the dopamine moiety in the same rigid spatial arrangement [shown by the shading in the stereomodels (la) and (Za)] might also exhibit some dopaminergic activity, it was of interest to synthesize and evaluate this novel isomer (2).Initially, the route chosen for the synthesis of (2) envisioned the construction of the C-ring by acid-catalyzed cyclization of (5) (Scheme I).However, since 5,6-dimethoxy-2-bromotetralone ( 3 ) , obtained by treating 5,6-dimetho~y-l-tetralone~~ with Br2 in CHC13, could not be anne!ated with N-methylbenzylamine by the procedure given for the unsubstituted 2-bromotetralone,'' this approach was abandoned.
Notch Signaling Suppresses Melanoma Tumor Development in BRAF/Pten Mice (2023)

Both oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles have been assigned to Notch signaling in melanoma. In clinical trials, Notch inhibitors proved to be ineffective for melanoma treatment. Notch signaling has also been implicated in melanoma transdifferentiation, a prognostic feature in primary melanoma. In this study, we investigated the role of Notch signaling in melanoma tumor development and growth using the genetic model of mouse melanoma by crossing BRAFCA/+/Pten+/+/Tyr-CreER+ (B) and BRAFCA/+/Pten-/-/Tyr-CreER + (BP) mice with Notch1 or Notch2 floxed allele mice. The topical application of tamoxifen induced tumors in BP mice but not in B mice with or without the deletion of either Notch1 or Notch2. These data show that the loss of either Notch1 nor Notch2 can substitute the tumor suppressor function of Pten in BRAFV600E-induced melanomagenesis. However, in Pten-null background, the loss of either Notch1 or Notch2 appeared to accelerate BRAFV600E-induced tumor development, suggesting a tumor suppressor role for Notch1 and Notch2 in BRAFV600E/Pten-null driven melanomagenesis. Quantitative immunochemical analysis of a human cutaneous melanoma tissue microarray that consists of >100 primary tumors with complete clinical history showed a weak to moderate correlation between NOTCH protein levels and clinical and pathological parameters. Our data show that Notch signaling is involved during melanomagenesis and suggest that the identification of genes and signaling pathways downstream of Notch could help devise strategies for melanoma prevention.