gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urinary neprilysin in the critically ill patient (2017)

NEP, a potential marker for proximal tubular epithelia, can be measured in urine. This does not originate from leakage of elevated serum levels, but indicates proximal tubular cell alterations such as brush border severing, which can heal in most cases.
Localization for intelligent vehicle by fusing mono-camera, low-cost GPS and map data (2010)

The localization of intelligent vehicle is an important research topic in the field of intelligent transportation systems. This paper proposes a new vehicle localization method by fusing mono-camera, low-cost GPS and map data. The basic idea is: a possible position range of the vehicle is determined by fusing low-cost GPS output and the map data; Lateral spatial information for high-accuracy localization is provided frequently by vision based lane detection module; both longitudinal and lateral spatial information for high accuracy localization is provided by vision based traffic sign detection module. The proposed method is economically feasible, is reliable and does not need any construction work or change on current traffic environments. Simulation based experiments have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method in achieving high-accuracy localization result (accuracy of centimeter-level) and have also shown apparent better performance of the proposed method over the performance of former method which is similar to the proposed method.
Effect of Micro- and Macroencapsulation on Oxygen Consumption by Pancreatic Islets (2009)

Immunoisolation of pancreatic islets is extensively investigated for glycemic control in diabetic experimental animals. We previously reported that subcutaneous xenotransplantation of bovine islets protected by a selective polysulfone membrane successfully controlled glycemia in diabetic rats for up to 20 days. We then wondered whether immunoisolated islets have adequate oxygen supply in this device, where only diffusive transport allows cell function and survival. Here we set up an experimental technique to measure oxygen consumption rate (OCR) using a Clark's electrode inserted in a glass thermostated chamber connected to a data recorder and acquisition system. Bovine islets were isolated from 6-month-old calves, encapsulated in sodium alginate microcapsules or inserted in polysulfone hollow fibers. After 1 and 2 days in culture a series of measurements was performed using free islets (at normal or high-glucose concentration), islets encapsulated in microcapsules, or in hollow fibers. In free islets OCR averaged from 2.0 +/- 0.8 pmol/IEQ/min at low-glucose concentration and from 2.5 +/- 1.0 pmol/IEQ/min at high-glucose concentration (p < 0.01). OCR in islets encapsulated in microcapsules and in hollow fibers was comparable, and not significantly different from that measured in free islets. Two days after isolation OCR averaged 2.3 +/- 0.6 in free islets, 2.3 +/- 0.9 in alginate microcapsules, and 2.2 +/- 0.7 pmol/IEQ/min in hollow fibers. These results show that OCR by bovine islets is comparable to that previously reported for other species. OCR increases in islets stimulated with high glucose and may be considered as a functional index. Moreover, islet encapsulation in alginate microcapsule, as well as in hollow fiber membranes, did not significantly affect in vitro OCR, suggesting adequate islet oxygenation in these conditions.
To Be or not TB? (2014)

Relative to other specialties, ophthalmologists deal infrequently with uncertainty. Of course, every patient requires advice, which in turns requires a weighing of risks and benefits, and some pondering of potential unknowns. But unlike internists, ophthalmologists often see the pathology directly. And what once was hidden from us is now rapidly being revealed with new technologies like optical coherence tomography and adaptive optics. Within the ophthalmic kingdom, however, some subspecialties deal with more uncertainty than others. Specialists in uveitis, in particular, often confront uncertainty. Is the pathology autoimmune or infectious? Or even possibly a malignancy like lymphoma? And nothing confounds a uveitis specialist more than tuberculosis in the eye. The obsessive, existential contemplation of Hamlet, “To be or not to be,” parallels the conundrum for many uveitis specialists: TB or not TB?

To diagnose many specific subsets of uveitis such as that associated with ankylosing spondylitis, sarcoidosis or syphilis, skilled clinicians rely on diagnostic tests. But the interpretation of those tests requires a context. The physician needs to know the sensitivity and specificity of the test as well as what is known as the pretest probability. In this issue of the BJO, Hong and colleagues from the University of Southern California (USC) in Los Angeles report on a review of 141 patients with uveitis.1 They find that six of these patients or 4.3% of the clinic population had a definite or presumptive diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis. The prevalence of tuberculosis is low in North America compared to Europe; and it is low in Europe compared to many parts of the world such as India or Saudi Arabia. The prevalence noted in …
Inhibition of Peptidoglycan Synthesis by the Antibiotic Diumycin A (1972)

Diumycin A, a new antibiotic, was found to inhibit cell wall synthesis by Staphylococcus aureus, a phenomenon accompanied by accumulation of uridine-5'-diphosphate-N-acetyl-muramyl-pentapeptide. The antibiotic inhibited in vitro peptidoglycan synthesis by particulate preparations of Bacillus stearothermophilus and Escherichia coli by preventing the utilization of N-acetyl-glucosamine-N-acetyl-muramyl-pentapeptide. In contrast to vancomycin, the antibiotics diumycin, prasinomycin, moenomycin, 11.837 RP, and enduracidin do not inhibit particulate d-alanine carboxypeptidase.
Prediction of autonomic dysreflexia during urodynamics: a prospective cohort study (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01293110 .
Epidermal growth factor-DNA conjugate for two-step targeting (1997)

An epidermal growth factor (EGF) conjugate, with potential for selective delivery of DNA-binding compounds to malignancies overexpressing the EGF receptor, is presented. The development of a two-step targeting principle implies that, after cellular binding and internalisation, the conjugate should be degraded and the released toxic agents should be in such chemical forms that they bind to the cellular DNA. Boronated compounds with proved DNA-intercalation, earlier developed for boron neutron capture therapy, could be most suitable as the toxic agents. In this study the amino terminus of I-125-EGF was coupled to the 5' end of double stranded DNA, constructed of a 30-mer self-complementary oligonucleotide, to generate a I-125-EGF-DNA conjugate. Binding, internalisation and retention of the conjugate were investigated in vitro on human glioma cells overexpressing the EGF receptor. The generated I-125-EGF-DNA conjugate was shown to bind specifically to the EGF receptor. The conjugate was thereafter internalised and degraded efficiently. The results indicate that the I-125-EGF-DNA conjugate has suitable biological properties for the planned tests of selective delivery of DNA-binding toxic compounds in a two-step targeting process.
Cysteine cathepsins as therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases (2020)

<b>Introduction</b>: Cysteine cathepsins are involved in the development and progression of numerous inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer, arthritis, bone and immune disorders. Consequently, there is a drive to progress research efforts focused on cathepsin use in diagnostics and as therapeutic targets in disease.<b>Areas covered</b>: This review discusses the potential of cysteine cathepsins as therapeutic targets in inflammation-associated diseases and recent advances in preclinical and clinical research. We describe direct targeting of cathepsins for treatment purposes and their indirect use in diagnostics.<b>Expert opinion</b>: The targeting of cysteine cathepsins has not translated into the clinic; this failure is attributed to off- and on-target side effects and/or the lack of companion biomarkers. This field now embraces developments in diagnostic imaging, the activation of prodrugs and antibody-drug conjugates for targeted drug delivery. The future lies in improved molecular tools and therapeutic concepts that will find a wide spectrum of uses in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Recent advances in direct C–H arylation: Methodology, selectivity and mechanism in oxazole series (2011)

Catalytic direct (hetero)arylation of (hetero)arenes is an attractive alternative to traditional Kumada, Stille, Negishi and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, notably as it avoids the prior preparation and isolation of (hetero)arylmetals. Developments of this methodology in the oxazole series are reviewed in this article. Methodologies, selectivity, mechanism and future aspects are presented.
Comment onTimely deposition of macromolecular structures is necessary for peer reviewby Joostenet al.(2013) (2013)

The wwPDB responds to the article by Joosten et al. [(2013), Acta Cryst. D 69 , 2293–2295].
Performance Study of a Fuel Cell Pt‐on‐C Anode in Presence of  CO  and  CO 2, and Calculation of Adsorption Parameters for  CO  Poisoning (1986)

A study was undertaken to measure polarization losses due to the presence of and in the fuel for a practical fuel cell Pt/C anode. A porous Pt anode (0.3 mg/cm2 Pt) was tested as a floating electrode in a half‐cell assembly to measure performance in 100 weight percent at 190°C in presence of , and , , and gas mixtures. The additional polarization loss over that of due to dilution followed closely the expected loss from the Nernst equation in the range of current density 0–300 mA/cm2. The combined loss due to poisoning by and the dilution by and was analyzed and found to be additive of the poisoning and dilution losses. The poisoning loss by was calculated by subtracting the dilution loss from the combined dilution and poisoning loss. Such data were found to be linearly dependent on the logarithm of ratio. This is consistent with poisoning by replacement of sites on the porous Pt electrode. The calculated values of surface coverage by ranged from 0.089 to 0.31 as the ratio varied from 0.01 to 0.025. The values of surface coverage were consistent with the dual site elimination model for the replacement of by molecules. The exchange current densities for oxidation varied from 309 to 142 mA/cm2 as the ratio changed from 0 to 0.025. By comparing the experimental isotherm for adsorption with the Temkin isotherm, the interaction parameter was calculated to be 3.83 kcal/mol, and the standard free energy of adsorption, −10.96 kcal/mol. The latter value indicated an adsorption of which is comparable to .
Comunicación y periodismo en la era de la inmediatez. Una recapitulación histórica para pensar el hoy: Una recapitulación histórica para pensar el hoy (2019)

espanolEl proposito de este ensayo es situar la comunicacion y el periodismo en el desarrollo historico de la sociedad moderna hasta el actual contexto de interrelaciones entre desarrollo tecnologico y vertigo de las interconexiones que configuran la organizacion social contemporanea en el marco del neoliberalismo. Pretende identificar y repensar las consecuencias de los tiempos impuestos por las tecnologias de la informacion y la comunicacion. La apuesta es desplazar (o regresar) la reflexion desde el optimismo tecnologico o la ideologia tecnica hacia la centralidad del sujeto. EnglishThe purpose of this essay is to place communication and journalism in the historical development of modern society up to the current broad context of interrelations between technological development and the vertigo of the interconnections that shape contemporary social organization in the framework of neoliberalism. To identify and rethink consequences related to the schedules imposed by information and communication technologies. The betting is to move (or return) the thought from technological optimism or technical ideology towards the centrality of the subject.
Joint Data Compression and Computation Offloading in Hierarchical Fog-Cloud Systems (2020)

Data compression (DC) has the potential to significantly improve the computation offloading performance in hierarchical fog-cloud systems. However, it remains unknown how to optimally determine the compression ratio jointly with the computation offloading decisions and the resource allocation. This optimization problem is studied in this paper where we aim to minimize the maximum weighted energy and service delay cost (WEDC) of all users. First, we consider a scenario where DC is performed only at the mobile users. We prove that the optimal offloading decisions have a threshold structure. Moreover, a novel three-step approach employing convexification techniques is developed to optimize the compression ratios and the resource allocation. Then, we address the more general design where DC is performed at both the mobile users and the fog server. We propose three algorithms to overcome the strong coupling between the offloading decisions and the resource allocation. Numerical results show that the proposed optimal algorithm for DC at only the mobile users can reduce the WEDC by up to 65% compared to computation offloading strategies that do not leverage DC or use sub-optimal optimization approaches. The proposed algorithms with additional DC at the fog server lead to a further reduction of the WEDC.
Binding of the J 1 Adhesion Molecules to Extracellular Matrix Constituents (1990)

The J1 glycoproteins can be obtained in multiple forms in the soluble fraction of developing and adult mouse brain tissue. They are recovered as two forms of apparent molecular weights of 160,000 and 180,000 (J1-160) from adult mouse brain and as forms of apparent molecular weights of 200,000 and 220,000 (J1-220) from developing brain. J1-160 and J1-220 share common epitopes but are considered as separate entities, with J1-220 being immunochemically closely related if not identical to tenascin. Based on the observation that J1 immunoreactivity appears on basement membrane and interstitial collagens after denervation of the neuromuscular junction in adult rodents, we became interested in investigating the binding properties of J1 glycoproteins to extracellular matrix constituents in vitro. Both J1-160 and J1-220 bound to collagens type I-VI and IX but not to laminin, fibronectin, bovine serum albumin, or gelatin under hypotonic buffer conditions. Under isotonic buffer conditions, J1-220 bound to all collagen types, whereas J1-160 bound only to collagen types V and VI with values that could be examined by Scatchard analysis. Binding of J1-220 to collagens displayed two binding constants (KD) between 1.5 and 4.4 X 10(-9) and 1.8 and 5.5 X 10(-8) M, respectively, under hypotonic buffer conditions and a single KD of 2.1-8.0 X 10(-8) M under isotonic buffer conditions. Binding of J1-160 to collagens had an apparent KD of 1.9-8.0 X 10(-9) M under hypotonic buffer conditions. Under isotonic buffer conditions, binding constants of J1-160 to collagen types V and VI were approximately 2 X 10(-8) M. Binding of J1-220 to collagen type I could be inhibited by J1-220, J1-160, and collagen type VI but not by fibronectin or gelatin. Conversely, binding of J1-160 was inhibited by J1-220, J1-160, and collagen type VI (in order of decreasing efficacy of competition). J1-160 and J1-220 were retained on a heparin-agarose column and eluted in a salt gradient at approximately 0.5 M NaCl. The formation of the J1-heparin complexes was inhibited 100-fold more efficiently by heparin than by chondroitin sulfate. These experiments show that J1 glycoproteins resemble in many respects the extracellular matrix constituents fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, and von Willebrand factor.
On using the coherent far IR radiation produced by a charged-particle bunch to determine its shape: I Analysis (1997)

Because a short bunch of relativistic charged particles produces characteristic far infrared radiation when appropriately perturbed, the resulting spectrum can be related to the bunch form factor to provide information on the longitudinal shape. An important question which we address here regards the accuracy of the shape determined from such a spectroscopic measurement. Once the frequency dependence of the intensity of the emitted radiation has been obtained, there are two analysis methods which have been used to produce the longitudinal shape. Both make use of extrapolation into frequency regions where data is not available. One approach relies on the assumption that the bunch is symmetric so that a cosine Fourier transform can be used to find the shape. In the second approach, which we have proposed, a Kramers-Kronig relation is applied to the spectral form-factor data to find the minimal phase and then the asymmetric bunch shape is determined from the complete Fourier transform. By studying a variety of possible symmetric bunch shapes and extrapolations we have been able to identify the source of possible errors inherent in this phase determination process. For all reasonable shaped bunches and extrapolations we find that the actual phase is well represented by the minimal phase obtained from the Kramers-Kronig analysis. A straightforward extension illustrates how spectral measurements at different angles with respect to the beam trajectory may be used to define the 3-D bunch shape.
The left dorsal striatum is involved in the processing of neutral feedback (2008)

In experimental settings, feedback is mostly used to inform about the correctness of a participant's response. Such feedback, however, also provides the information that a response was registered, which is highly significant in any dialog situation. The present functional MRI study investigated the involvement of brain areas in the processing of neutral, verbal feedback. We used an auditory discrimination task with verbal feedback, which immediately informed the participants that their response was registered. We found an increased activation in the left dorsal striatum compared with temporally uncorrelated feedback and the no-feedback condition. Several studies using evaluative feedback suggest that this area participates in reward processing. The present result suggests that it may already be involved in more basic aspects of feedback processing.
Effect of methylation of the N6 position of the penultimate adenosine of capped mRNA on ribosome binding. (1978)

An RNA(2'-O-methyladenosine-N6)-methyltransferase isolated from HeLa cells was used to convert the ends of vaccinia virus mRNAs containing m7G(5')pppAm-to m7G(5')pppm6Am-. Under competitive conditions, there was no preferential binding of mRNAs containing m6Am residues within the capped ends relative to those containing Am either to wheat germ ribosomes at 70 mM potassium acetate or to reticulocyte ribosomes at 120 mM potassium acetate. Only at high concentrations of potassium acetate (200 mM) and at near-saturating mRNA concentrations, was a slight enrichment of mRNAs containing m6Am over those containing Am detected on reticulocyte ribosomes. It appears that unlike methylation of the N7 position of the terminal guanosine, methylation at the N6 position of the penultimate adenosine of mRNA has, at most, a small effect on binding to ribosomes under present in vitro conditions.
An Efficient Reversible Data Hiding Scheme for Encrypted Images (2018)

Reversible data hiding in the encrypted domain is an emerging technology, as it can preserve the confidentiality. In this article, an efficient method of reversible data hiding in encrypted images is proposed. The cover image is first partitioned into non-overlapping blocks. A specific modulo addition operation and block-scrambling operation are applied to obtain the encrypted image. The data-hider, who does not know the original image content, may reversibly embed secret data based on the homomorphic property of the cryptosystem. A scale factor is utilized for selecting embedding zone, which is scalable for different capacity requirements. At the receiving end, the additional data can be extracted if the receiver has the data-hiding key only. If the receiver has the encryption key only, he/she can recover the original image approximately. If the receiver has both the data-hiding key and the encryption key, he can extract the additional data and recover the original content without any error. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Fixed-combination brimonidine–timolol versus latanoprost in glaucoma and ocular hypertension: a 12-week, randomized, comparison study (2012)

Fixed-combination brimonidine-timolol was as effective as latanoprost in reducing IOP in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Both treatments demonstrated favorable ocular tolerability. The duration of the study was 12 weeks, and additional studies will be needed to compare the efficacy and safety of fixed-combination brimonidine-timolol and latanoprost during long-term treatment.
Human activity prediction: Early recognition of ongoing activities from streaming videos (2011)

In this paper, we present a novel approach of human activity prediction. Human activity prediction is a probabilistic process of inferring ongoing activities from videos only containing onsets (i.e. the beginning part) of the activities. The goal is to enable early recognition of unfinished activities as opposed to the after-the-fact classification of completed activities. Activity prediction methodologies are particularly necessary for surveillance systems which are required to prevent crimes and dangerous activities from occurring. We probabilistically formulate the activity prediction problem, and introduce new methodologies designed for the prediction. We represent an activity as an integral histogram of spatio-temporal features, efficiently modeling how feature distributions change over time. The new recognition methodology named dynamic bag-of-words is developed, which considers sequential nature of human activities while maintaining advantages of the bag-of-words to handle noisy observations. Our experiments confirm that our approach reliably recognizes ongoing activities from streaming videos with a high accuracy.
Differences in Symptomatic Presentation and Cognitive Performance Among Participants With LATE-NC Compared to FTLD-TDP (2021)

Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) is aberrantly aggregated and phosphorylated in frontotemporal lobar degeneration of the TDP-43 type (FTLD-TDP), and in limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC). We examined data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center to compare clinical features of autopsy-confirmed LATE-NC and FTLD-TDP. A total of 265 LATE-NC and 92 FTLD-TDP participants were included. Cognitive and behavioral symptoms were compared, stratified by level of impairment based on global clinical dementia rating (CDR) score. LATE-NC participants were older at death, more likely to carry APOE ε4, more likely to have Alzheimer disease neuropathology, and had lower (i.e. less severe) final CDR global scores than those with FTLD-TDP. Participants with FTLD-TDP were more likely to present with primary progressive aphasia, or behavior problems such as apathy, disinhibition, and personality changes. Among participants with final CDR score of 2-3, those with LATE-NC were more likely to have visuospatial impairment, delusions, and/or visual hallucinations. These differences were robust after sensitivity analyses excluding older (≥80 years at death), LATE-NC stage 3, or severe Alzheimer cases. Overall, FTLD-TDP was more globally severe, and affected younger participants, whereas psychoses were more common in LATE-NC.