gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An unusual example of exercise-induced asthma (1968)

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of the Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) in Finnish patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: The reliability of the questionnaire was tested by test-retest procedure. Construct validity was studied by factor analysis and convergent validity by calculating correlations between the Finnish MDHAQ (Finn-MDHAQ) scales and the Finnish Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and the Finnish Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (Finn-AIMS2). Correlations between Finn-MDHAQ and measures of clinical characteristics, disease activity, and functional class were also measured. An item analysis was made of the Finn-MDHAQ scales Function (FN) and Psychological (PS). RESULTS: Internal consistency on the FN scale was 0.92 (95% lower limit 0.89) and 0.66 (0.56) on the PS scale. Reproducibility (95% CI) on FN was 0.93 (0.82 to 0.97) and on PS 0.84 (0.70 to 0.92). Factor analysis identified 2 factors, mobility of upper extremities and trunk, and mobility of lower extremities. Strong correlations were found between the FN scale and HAQ and physical subscales of Finn-AIMS2 and between PS and the psychological subscales of Finn-AIMS2. In item analysis corrected item correlation was high on the Finn-MDHAQ scales, except in one item on the PS scale. CONCLUSION: The Finn-MDHAQ is an applicable, reliable, and valid instrument for the part of the FN scale measuring functional ability in Finnish rheumatic patients. The incongruity in the PS scale structure that produced moderate internal consistency can be overcome with minor modifications.
Establishment of Croton stellatopilosus Suspension Culture for Geranylgeraniol Production and Diterpenoid Biosynthesis (2007)

Diterpenoids in higher plants are biosynthesized from isoprene units obtained from two distinct pathways: the mevalonate pathway and the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway. The metabolic partitioning of both pathways in plant species is dependent upon the type of culture. In order to study the diterpenoid biosynthesis in Croton stellatopilosus cell culture, callus culture was firstly induced from C. stellatopilosus young leaves in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium in the presence of 1.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1.0 mg/l benzyladenine (BA), 3% (w/v) sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) agar. The suspension culture was further induced from its callus in the same medium without gelling agent. Detection of diterpenoid accumulation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that a cell culture could accumulate a low amount of geranylgeraniol (GGOH) and a high content of fatty acids and phytosterols. To improve the GGOH production, the culture conditions were optimized by medium manipulation in terms of hormonal factors. The growth rates of cell cultures were similar in all kinds of media. The GGOH production curve indicated that GGOH plays an important role as a primary metabolite in the cell culture. The optimum medium for GGOH production was MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 2 mg/l BA that could produce GGOH with a yield of 1.14 mg/g FW.
American Academy of Neurology neuroimaging training guidelines (1997)

These guidelines are intended to reflect the content of neuroimaging training in many neurology programs. They emphasize the importance of neuroimaging in the training of neurologists. These guidelines are not intended to replace or supplement the Essentials for Residency Training Programs promulgated by the Neurology Residency Review Committee of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.



1. Background and scope of neuroimaging
 * Neuroimaging is an integral part of the clinical evaluation of patients with neurologic disorders. Neuroimaging, unlike some of the more specialized neurophysiologic techniques, is often integrated in the neurologic evaluation and therefore is best learned by the residents and fellows as part of their clinical experience.
 * Three levels of competence in neuroimaging can be defined:
 1. Diagnostic expertise for most neurologic disorders. This level is generally achieved by the end of residency training in neurology.
 2. Expertise in all clinical and basic aspects of a given modality. Depending on specific circumstances, this degree of expertise allows operation of an imaging laboratory independently. This level will usually require fellowship training.
 3. Research expertise in a particular aspect of neuroimaging. It is advisable for neurology residents and imperative for neuroimaging fellows that they conduct research in some area of neuroimaging.
 

2. Guidelines for neuroimaging training during neurology residency
 * Given the central role of neuroimaging in the practice of neurology, it is highly desirable that the residency training experience enables the graduate of a neurology program to interpret neuroimaging studies of all common neurologic disorders. This experience may include all those modalities that are used in the practice of neurology (e.g., MRI, magnetic resonance angiography, CT, neurosonology).
 * Neuroimaging curriculum for the residency
 1. Neuroimaging is best learned as an integrated aspect of the clinical evaluation of a given patient. Most of the neuroimaging experience of the resident will be acquired during the 18 months of required adult …
Modification of the Viola-Jones approach for the detection of the government seal stamp of the Russian Federation (2019)

In this paper we present modification of the Viola-Jones approach for solving government seal stamp of the Russian Federation detection problem. The main contributions of the proposed modification are combining brightness and edge features as well as using L<sub>1</sub> norm of the gradient of the image for calculating edge features. This modification allows to build classifiers which are more robust to noise, absence of a characteristic structure of contrasts and object's boundaries. The modification is experimentally compared to original Viola-Jones algorithm and showing better quality on different testing sets.
Tissue Necrosis Monitoring for HIFU Ablation with T1 Contrast MRI Imaging (2011)

In MR‐guided HIFU ablation, MTC (Magnetization Transfer Contrast) or perfusion imaging is usually used after ablation to evaluate the ablated area based on the thermally induced necrosis contrast. In our MR‐guided HIFU ablation study, a T1 contrast MRI scan sequence has been used to distinguish between necrotic and non‐necrotic tissue. The ablation of porcine meat in‐vitro and in‐vivo pig leg muscle show that the necrotic area of T1 contrast MRI image coincides with the photographs of sliced specimen. The sequence is considerably easier to apply than MTC or perfusion imaging, while giving good necrosis contrast. In addition, no injection of contrast agent is needed, allowing multiple scans to be applied throughout the entire ablation procedure.
Ophthalmological Features Associated With COL4A1 Mutations (2010)

These data suggest that cerebral magnetic resonance imaging may be recommended in the clinical treatment of patients with apparently isolated ARA, even when neurological symptoms or signs are lacking.
Effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (NSC 119875) on murine and human hemopoietic precursor cells. (1975)

The effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (NSC 119875) on murine and human hemopoietic precursor cells were studied in culture. When murine cells from normal and actively regenerating marrows were exposed to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in culture, washed free of the agent, and assayed for the surviving hemopoietic precursor cells, similar sensitivity curves were obtained. This result indicates the absence of cell-cycle dependency of cis-diaminedichloroplatinum. When marrow cells were exposed to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in culture at various temperatures, only minimal reduction of cytotoxicity was noted at 4 degrees. This observation, unlike that from the experiment with nitrogen mustard, suggests that the transport of this agent is by passive diffusion. Finally, when the sensitivity of human hemopoietic precursor cells to this agent was assessed using similar conditions and compared to that of murine hemopoietic precursor cells, a significant species difference was observed.
Thiol-containing polymeric embedding materials for nanoskiving (2012)

This paper describes the characterization of new embedding resins for nanoskiving (ultramicrotomy) that contain thiols. Nanoskiving is a technique to produce nanoscale structures using an ultramicrotome to section thin films of materials (e.g., gold) embedded in polymer. Epoxies are used typically as embedding resins for microtomy. Epoxies, however, do not adhere well to gold or other smooth metallic structures that are used commonly for nanoskiving. Thiol–ene and thiol–epoxy polymers provide improved adhesion to gold due to the thiol functional group. In addition, the thiol–ene polymers can be prepared within minutes using photopolymerization, which allows for rapid prototyping. Two commercial thiol-containing adhesives were evaluated as resins in addition to several formulations of commercially available monomers. The important physical and mechanical properties for microtomy of these unconventional embedding resins were characterized and the properties were compared to commercial epoxy resins. Gold nanowires were fabricated using nanoskiving of gold films embedded in these unconventional resins. These studies show that a 3 : 4 mixture of thiol (pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate)) and ene (triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione) works very well as a resin for nanoskiving and provides improved adhesion and reduced preparation time relative to epoxies.
ELVO: an operational definition (2018)

Recent landmark randomized controlled trial data1–7 have initiated a global transformational change in acute stroke therapy for ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. With endovascular thrombectomy established as the new standard of care for patients with large vessel occlusions, increased attention has turned towards service delivery to as many eligible patients as possible. The SNIS, in concert with other regional, national and international societies, has focused on this agenda.8 9 As both the need for and availability of endovascular thrombectomy grows, the terminology describing eligible patients requires uniformity. An operational definition of the clinical scenario in which a stroke patient has an urgent need for endovascular thrombectomy becomes increasingly important.10 11 A standardized nomenclature that uses consistently defined terms will facilitate continuous quality improvement as the field grows and understanding is advanced.12

Endovascular thrombectomy is a therapy specifically directed towards proximal cerebral vascular occlusions. Earlier studies with equivocal results for the benefit of this therapy13–15 were noteworthy for the absence of confirmation of pre-procedure vascular status. Recent positive trials were characterized by the requirement that vascular occlusion be documented as a requisite for patient enrollment in the trials.1–7 However, across these recent landmark trials there was significant variability in the definition of large vessel …
Mixed Analog and Digital Matched-Filter Design for High Rate WLAN (2007)

A mixed-signal programmable filter suitable for high- rate WLAN is addressed in this work. The proposed filter has analog input and analog-sampled outputs. The filter taps are stored in a digital memory and can be changed easily to meet any receiver requirements. The filter structure is based on a bank of digitally controlled transconductors realized by simple CMOS inverters and thus can be integrated efficiently with digital parts. A cosine rolloff filter is designed and investigated by simulation in frequency domains. Comparison with other recent works shows that the proposed structure has a good speed-complexity-consumption trade-off.
Delivering Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Using A Conversational Social Robot (2019)

Social robots are becoming an integrated part of our daily life due to their ability to provide companionship and entertainment. A subfield of robotics, Socially Assistive Robotics (SAR), is particularly suitable for expanding these benefits into the healthcare setting because of its unique ability to provide cognitive, social, and emotional support. This paper presents our recent research on developing SAR by evaluating the ability of a life-like conversational social robot, called Ryan, to administer internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) to older adults with depression. For Ryan to administer the therapy, we developed a dialogue-management system, called Program-R. Using an accredited CBT manual for the treatment of depression, we created seven hour-long iCBT dialogues and integrated them into Program-R using Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML). To assess the effectiveness of Robot-based iCBT and users' likability of our approach, we conducted an HRI study with a cohort of elderly people with mild-to-moderate depression over a period of four weeks. Quantitative analyses of participant's spoken responses (e.g. word count and sentiment analysis), face-scale mood scores, and exit surveys, strongly support the notion robot-based iCBT is a viable alternative to traditional human-delivered therapy.
Ornithine δ‐aminotransferase OsOAT is critical for male fertility and cold tolerance during rice plant development (2023)

Cold stress is a major factor limiting the production and geographical distribution of rice (Oryza sativa) varieties. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that ornithine δ-aminotransferase (OsOAT) contributes to cold tolerance during the vegetative and reproductive development of rice. osoat mutant was identified as a temperature-sensitive male sterile mutant with deformed floral organs and seedlings sensitive to cold stress. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that OsOAT mutation and cold treatment of the wild-type plant led to similar changes in the global gene expression profiles in anthers. OsOAT genes in indica rice Huanghuazhan (HHZ) and japonica rice Wuyungeng (WYG) are different in gene structure and response to cold. OsOAT is cold-inducible in WYG but cold-irresponsive in HHZ. Further studies showed that indica varieties carry both WYG-type and HHZ-type OsOAT, whereas japonica varieties mostly carry WYG-type OsOAT. Cultivars carrying HHZ-type OsOAT are mainly distributed in low-latitude regions, whereas varieties carrying WYG-type OsOAT are distributed in both low- and high-latitude regions. Moreover, indica varieties carrying WYG-type OsOAT generally have higher seed-setting rates than those carrying HHZ-type OsOAT under cold stress at reproductive stage, highlighting the favorable selection for WYG-type OsOAT during domestication and breeding to cope with low temperatures.
Etoposide-Cisplatin and Thoracic Radiation Therapy Salvage of Incomplete Responders to a Noncisplatin Induction Regimen for Limited and Extensive Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Lung (1996)

Our purpose was to determine the ability of an etoposide-cisplatin (EP )-based regimen to salvage patients with limited and extensive small-cell lung cancer who are incomplete responders to cyclophosphamide-Adriamycin-vincristine-etoposide (CAVE) chemotherapy, and to determine the ability of thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) to salvage CAVE and EP incomplete responders. Fifty-eight patients with small-cell lung cancer (33, limited disease; 25, extensive disease) were entered on this Phase II study between November 1984 and December 1987. Patients received three cycles of CAVE chemotherapy, followed by two cycles of CEPi (cyclophosphamide-etoposide-cisplatin (infusional) and two cycles of CE (cyclophosphamide-etoposide) in conjunction with TRT and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). The overall response rate to CAVE was 62% [5% complete response (CR), 57% partial response (PR) + regression (REGR)]. Of the patients who failed to achieve a CR with CAVE, 81% responded to CEPi (44% CR, 36% PR). Of the patients who did not achieve a CR with either CAVE or CEPi, 89% responded to TRT (65% CR, 24% PR + REGR). For the 33 patients with limited disease, the median survival time and 2-year survival rate were 16.1 months and 24%, respectively. The corresponding figures for the 25 patients with extensive disease were 9.8 months and 4%, respectively. Eleven of these 25 patients were "downstaged" to "limited disease" with CAVE + CEPi and then received TRT + PCI + CE. Their median survival time and 2-year survival rate were 12.6 months and 9%, respectively. The EP-based regimen CEPi and TRT were able to convert 44 to 65% of patients to a complete response who had failed to do so with non-EP induction chemotherapy. This study supports the use of an EP regimen with TRT as initial therapy for newly diagnosed small-cell lung cancer.
Towards A Conceptually Simple Defensive Approach for Few-shot\n classifiers Against Adversarial Support Samples (2021)

Few-shot classifiers have been shown to exhibit promising results in use\ncases where user-provided labels are scarce. These models are able to learn to\npredict novel classes simply by training on a non-overlapping set of classes.\nThis can be largely attributed to the differences in their mechanisms as\ncompared to conventional deep networks. However, this also offers new\nopportunities for novel attackers to induce integrity attacks against such\nmodels, which are not present in other machine learning setups. In this work,\nwe aim to close this gap by studying a conceptually simple approach to defend\nfew-shot classifiers against adversarial attacks. More specifically, we propose\na simple attack-agnostic detection method, using the concept of self-similarity\nand filtering, to flag out adversarial support sets which destroy the\nunderstanding of a victim classifier for a certain class. Our extended\nevaluation on the miniImagenet (MI) and CUB datasets exhibit good attack\ndetection performance, across three different few-shot classifiers and across\ndifferent attack strengths, beating baselines. Our observed results allow our\napproach to establishing itself as a strong detection method for support set\npoisoning attacks. We also show that our approach constitutes a generalizable\nconcept, as it can be paired with other filtering functions. Finally, we\nprovide an analysis of our results when we vary two components found in our\ndetection approach.\n
Application isolation in the Java Virtual Machine (2000)

To date, systems offering multitasking for the Java&trade; programming language either use one process or one class loader for each application. Both approaches are unsatisfactory. Using operating system processes is expensive, scales poorly and does not fully exploit the protection features inherent in a safe language. Class loaders replicate application code, obscure the type system, and non-uniformly treat 'trusted' and 'untrusted' classes, which leads to subtle, but nevertheless, potentially harmful forms of undesirable inter-application interaction.In this paper we propose a novel, simple yet powerful solution. The new model improves on existing designs in terms of resource utilization while offering strong isolation among applications. The approach is applicable both on high-end servers and on small devices. The main idea is to maintain only one copy of every class, regardless of how many applications use it. Classes are transparently and automatically modified, so that each application has a separate copy of its static fields. Two prototypes are described and selected performance data is analyzed. Various aspects of the proposed architectural changes to the Java Virtual Machine are discussed.
Visualisierung und Quantifizierung des Stentlumens mittels Magnetic Particle Imaging - Eine systematische in-vitro Analyse von 21 endovaskulären Stents (2020)

Zielsetzung Visualisierung und Quantifizierung des Lumens unterschiedlicher Metallstents mittels Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI).
Hybrid String Inverter with Energy Storage for Grid Independent Power System (2018)

Inverters have come a long way over the last several decades. Utilization of newer topologies significantly improved the overall system efficiency for different applications. Specifically, central inverter for photovoltaic (PV) application has largely been replaced by string inverters, micro inverters and optimizers in last five years. String inverter has advantages in terms of higher efficiency with independent strings, reduced overall system cost in comparison to micro inverter and optimizers. Storage-integrated hybrid inverter manufacturers are also utilizing similar concepts through DC- or AC-coupling and Tabuchi Electric is one of the pioneers in the field with their string inverter. Tabuchi America (TA), a subsidiary of Tabuchi Electric, Japan is one of the market leading manufacturers of energy storage integrated hybrid inverters and has market presence in North America since 2014. Tabuchi's hybrid inverter provides multiple energy savings and back-up functions through its state of the art software architecture and multi-string configuration. Results from real installation sites are provided and future technology trends in hybrid inverter are also discussed in this article.
ChemInform Abstract: CONVERSION OF GLYCOSYL FLUORIDES INTO C‐GLYCOSIDES USING ORGANOALUMINUM REAGENTS. STEREOSPECIFIC ALKYLATION AT C‐6 OF A PYRANOSE SUGAR (1985)

Abstract Die Furanosyl‐ bzw. Pyranosylfluoride (I) reagieren mit den Organe‐AIuminiumverbindungen (II) zu den C‐Glycosiden (III).
Novel compact steerable antenna with radar applications (2015)

A new electronically steerable antenna design utilizing electric and magnetic dipoles arranged in a vector-sensor type geometry is described which can transmit in any azimuth and elevation direction with theoretically no scan loss. Several radar and communications applications are proposed and an unmanned air system (UAS) sense-and-avoid (SAA) radar concept is described in detail.
A Probabilistic Concept Web on a Humanoid Robot (2015)

It is now widely accepted that concepts and conceptualization are key elements towards achieving cognition on a humanoid robot. An important problem on this path is the grounded representation of individual concepts and the relationships between them. In this article, we propose a probabilistic method based on Markov Random Fields to model a concept web on a humanoid robot where individual concepts and the relations between them are captured. In this web, each individual concept is represented using a prototype-based conceptualization method that we proposed in our earlier work. Relations between concepts are linked to the cooccurrences of concepts in interactions. By conveying input from perception, action, and language, the concept web forms rich, structured, grounded information about objects, their affordances, words, etc. We demonstrate that, given an interaction, a word, or the perceptual information from an object, the corresponding concepts in the web are activated, much the same way as they are in humans. Moreover, we show that the robot can use these activations in its concept web for several tasks to disambiguate its understanding of the scene.
Life Chances and Resources (2019)

Sociologists have long been interested in how the resources one has access to, which is often determined by one's class standing, affects one's life chances. Max Weber was one of the first to note that life chances were not random, and that, instead, life chances were often similar for those within the same social class. Resources typically refer to family background socioeconomic advantages; life chances indicate one's social standing in society, often measured by socioeconomic outcomes like education, occupation, and income. As resources are scarce, sociologists have attended to how unequally distributed such resources may be within a society and how that distribution of scarce resources impacts the reproduction of inequality. Life chances and resources is thus a central theme within the field of social stratification, inequality, and mobility.