gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Odd–Even Effect of Junction Functionality on the Topology and Elasticity of Polymer Networks (2017)

The junction functionality of polymer networks is a key design variable to tune the material properties through changing the network connectivity. Here, we perform a Monte Carlo simulation to study the topology and elasticity of end-linked polymer networks constructed by junctions with different functionalities. The effect of junction functionality on the topological structure of the network displays both universal features and odd–even effects. For all junction functionalities, the primary loop fraction shows a linear dependence on the dimensionless product of concentration with single chain pervaded volume. The slopes of the lines exhibit strong odd–even alternation: primary loops are formed more frequently for junctions with an odd number of functional groups. The secondary loop fraction has a maximum when plotted against the normalized primary loop fraction, where the value of the maximum also shows odd–even alternation. The topological information obtained through Monte Carlo simulation is then incorporated into the modified affine network theory and modified phantom network theory (real elastic network theory). For affine networks, the odd–even alternation in the cyclic topology leads to nonmonotonic dependence of elastic modulus on the junction functionality. For phantom networks, the effect of decreasing junction fluctuations due to a larger number of interjunction connections dominates over the changes in loop concentration as junction functionality increases, leading to monotonically increasing elastic modulus with junction functionality.
Delay-Optimal Hybrid ARQ Protocol Design for Channels and Receivers with Memory as a Stochastic Control Problem (2008)

Automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols are utilized as a flexible way to adapt data transmission to channel variations whenever a feedback channel is available. The transmitter encodes the information into a packet and the receiver attempts to decode it. If decoding is not successful, the receiver signals the transmitter to either resend the same information or send additional information about the data. In this paper we consider ARQ protocols where the transmitter controls the amount of error correction capability introduced in the information sequence to minimize the expected delay. We formulate this problem as a stochastic control problem and study two cases of interest depending on whether or not the receiver feeds back information about the channel state. Some of the benefits of this formulation are an expression for the optimal packet size and delay as a solution of a fixed point equation and a unified treatment for channels with Markov statistics and for receivers with memory.
In vitro Dedifferentiation of Fetal Porcine Pancreatic Tissue prior to Transplantation as Islet-Like Cell Clusters (2001)

The fetal porcine pancreas under experimental conditions can be transplanted in the form of explants or islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) to normalize blood glucose levels in diabetic recipients. ICCs are released from the collagenase-digested pancreas and require a 4- to 5-day culture period for their complete formation. In order to maximize insulin producing beta cell differentiation following transplantation, an understanding of ICC development is essential to utilize this alternative treatment for type 1 diabetes. In this study a role is proposed for exocrine cells in the generation of the multipotent pancreatic precursor cells during the culture period. Acinar cells undergo dedifferentiation during the initial stages of the culture period into multipotent pancreatic precursor cells, previously called protodifferentiated cells. The progressive loss of exocrine differentiation appears to involve rapid degranulation of zymogen granules by exocytosis and loss of the prominent secretory apparatus. These processes occur in parallel with a significant reduction in the expression of lipase in the period from day 0 to day 5 and simultaneously there is an increase in the epithelioid/ductal cell marker, cytokeratin 20. Using proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cell proliferation during the culture period does not appear to account for the increase in epithelioid/ductal cells. Further the rates of apoptosis and necrosis which were identified using the TUNEL technique and propidium iodide, respectively, do not appear to account for the reduction in exocrine cell numbers. Exocrine cell dedifferentiation appears to increase the pool of protodifferentiated cells which have the potential to develop into the insulin-producing beta-cell population following transplantation into the diabetic recipient
Resolution of the nuclear and electronic contributions to the optical nonlinearity in polysilanes (1989)

We present a method of resolving the nuclear and electronic contributions to the third-order susceptibility χ3 in a phase conjugation experiment. The technique is applied to octylmethylpolysilane yielding χ3 (electronic)=(1.8±0.5)×10−12 esu and χ3(nuclear)=(1.1±0.4)×10−12 esu at 532 nm.
FATIGUE CHARACTERISTICS OF LASER WELDED ZIRCALOY THIN SHEET (2012)

The spacer grid is one of the main structural components in a fuel assembly. It supports fuel rods, guides cooling water and maintains geometry from external impact load and cyclic stress by the vibration of nuclear fuel rod, it is necessary to have sufficient strength against dynamic external load and fatigue strength. In this study, the mechanical properties and fatigue characteristics of laser beam welded zircaloy thin sheet are examined. The fatigue strength under cyclic load was evaluated by staircase method at stress ratio R =0.1. The most appropriate distribution for probabilistic characteristics of fatigue strength at 2×10 6 cycles was 2-paramer Weibull distribution. Results show that reliability analysis strength was derived from the strength-stress interference model. As a result of the experimental approach, the design guide of fatigue strength for laser welded joint is proposed and the results obtained in this are to be the useful data for spacer gird design.
ChemInform Abstract: An Elegant Protocol for the Synthesis of N‐Substituted Pyrroles Through C—N Cross Coupling/Aromatization Process Using CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles as Catalyst under Ligand‐Free Conditions. (2014)

Abstract The catalyst can be recycled and reused for up to 4 cycles without significant loss of activity.
Novel and Flexible Entries into Prostaglandins and Analogues Based on Ring Closing Alkyne Metathesis or Alkyne Cross Metathesis (2000)

The suitably functionalized cyclopentanone derivatives 12, 13, 19, and 37 serve as common precursors for the synthesis of various prostaglandins, prostaglandin-1,15-lactones, and unnatural analogues thereof. All of them contain a 2-butynyl entity which is elaborated into the intact α side chain of the targets either via a sequence comprising ring closing alkyne metathesis/Lindlar reduction or via alkyne cross metathesis (ACM)/Lindlar reduction. These novel approaches are distinguished by (i) the ready accessibility of the required cyclopentenone substrates via a three-component coupling reaction, (ii) the inherent flexibility which allows one to make a series of analogues starting from these common platforms, (iii) a small number of steps, and (iv) an excellent overall yield. The key alkyne metathesis reactions are efficiently catalyzed either by the tungsten alkylidyne complex (t-BuO)3W⋮CCMe3 or, preferentially, by a catalyst formed in situ from Mo[N(t-Bu)(Ar)]3 and CH2Cl2, the reactivity of which can be fine-tuned by varying the Ar substituent on the amido ligands. These organometallic tools exhibit a remarkable application profile, tolerate an array of polar groups, rigorously distinguish between different π-electron systems, and catalyze the reactions under conditions that are sufficiently mild to preserve even highly sensitive functionalities. The structures of the macrocyclic prostaglandin lactone derivatives 22 and 32 were characterized by X-ray crystallography.
Design of a single-mode linear-cavity erbium fiber laser utilizing Bragg reflectors (1992)

The design constraints required to achieve single-longitudinal-mode operation from a standing-wave, homogeneously broadened, three-level, fiber laser which utilizes intracore Bragg reflectors for cavity feedback are presented. In particular, a closed-form solution to the laser rate equations is found which bounds the region in which only single longitudinal mode operation is supported. The principal resonator geometry to be considered is a two-reflector cavity which utilizes only Bragg reflectors for feedback. Analytical and experimental results are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
PSYCHROMETRY CHART (2012)

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Structural insight into repair of alkylated DNA by a new superfamily of DNA glycosylases comprising HEAT-like repeats (2007)

3-methyladenine DNA glycosylases initiate repair of cytotoxic and promutagenic alkylated bases in DNA. We demonstrate by comparative modelling that Bacillus cereus AlkD belongs to a new, fifth, structural superfamily of DNA glycosylases with an alpha-alpha superhelix fold comprising six HEAT-like repeats. The structure reveals a wide, positively charged groove, including a putative base recognition pocket. This groove appears to be suitable for the accommodation of double-stranded DNA with a flipped-out alkylated base. Site-specific mutagenesis within the recognition pocket identified several residues essential for enzyme activity. The results suggest that the aromatic side chain of a tryptophan residue recognizes electron-deficient alkylated bases through stacking interactions, while an interacting aspartate-arginine pair is essential for removal of the damaged base. A structural model of AlkD bound to DNA with a flipped-out purine moiety gives insight into the catalytic machinery for this new class of DNA glycosylases.
Runtime analysis of atomicity for multithreaded programs (2006)

Atomicity is a correctness condition for concurrent systems. Informally, atomicity is the property that every concurrent execution of a set of transactions is equivalent to some serial execution of the same transactions. In multithreaded programs, executions of procedures (or methods) can be regarded as transactions. Correctness in the presence of concurrency typically requires atomicity of these transactions. Tools that automatically detect atomicity violations can uncover subtle errors that are hard to find with traditional debugging and testing techniques. This paper describes two algorithms for runtime detection of atomicity violations and compares their cost and effectiveness. The reduction-based algorithm checks atomicity based on commutativity properties of events in a trace; the block-based algorithm efficiently represents the relevant information about a trace as a set of blocks (i.e., pairs of events plus associated synchronizations) and checks atomicity by comparing each block with other blocks. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of both algorithms, we incorporate a multilockset algorithm for checking data races, dynamic escape analysis, and happen-before analysis. Experiments show that both algorithms are effective in finding atomicity violations. The block-based algorithm is more accurate but more expensive than the reduction-based algorithm.
RRF102: Meeting the TREC-COVID Challenge with a 100+ Runs Ensemble (2020)

In this paper, we report the results of our participation in the TREC-COVID challenge. To meet the challenge of building a search engine for rapidly evolving biomedical collection, we propose a simple yet effective weighted hierarchical rank fusion approach, that ensembles together 102 runs from (a) lexical and semantic retrieval systems, (b) pre-trained and fine-tuned BERT rankers, and (c) relevance feedback runs. Our ablation studies demonstrate the contributions of each of these systems to the overall ensemble. The submitted ensemble runs achieved state-of-the-art performance in rounds 4 and 5 of the TREC-COVID challenge.
Relationship between insulin resistance, coronary plaque, and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes: an analysis from the PROSPECT study (2021)

IR is common among patients with ACS. DM and advanced but not early stages of IR are independently associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00180466.
Electronic Textiles: Fiber‐Embedded Electrolyte‐Gated Field‐Effect Transistors for e‐Textiles (Adv. Mater. 5/2009) (2009)

The cover shows an artist's interpretation of a textile where parts of the fibers in the weave are electronically active as represented by the orange fibers, and these fibers are in turn controlled by fiber embedded transistors represented by the red spheres at the junctions. The fabrication and incorporation into textiles of these electrolyte-gated transistors is discussed in detail by Mahiar Hamedi and co-workers on p. 573.
Supply Chain Coordination for Port Sustainability (2010)

The rapid expansion of trade and the intense pace of the economic activities of ports pose numerous social and environmental challenges, and thus put port hinterland regions at risk and challenge traditional port business models. Few studies have examined the conceptual and empirical issues involved in improving port sustainability, although port sustainability issues have recently been discussed with some urgency in the goods movement sector. This paper sets out a conceptual model of port sustainability, presents and examines multiple concepts of supply chains surrounding port activity, and identifies both institutional barriers and supply chain bottlenecks. Three different supply chain concepts for seaports are discussed: physical infrastructure chain, economic value chain, and institutional chain. Rather than a narrow focus on an individual port's operational aspects, broader, more systematic supply chain perspectives on cargo movement systems are essential to introduce port sustainability effectively to current U.S. port business practices. Actions are needed, not just from port authorities, but also from other stakeholders, including government, industries, and community groups. Coordinated activities and collaboration would significantly facilitate the implementation of sustainable models of seaport businesses and cargo movement services.
Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, t-TUCB, protects against myocardial ischaemic injury in rats (2014)

The sEH inhibitor t-TUCB significantly prevents ISO-induced myocardial ischaemic injury in rats. This study provides a preliminary confirmation of the efficacy of t-TUCB by oral administration in rats.
Multifunctional Optical Processor Based On Symbolic Substitution (1989)

We propose an optical multifunctional processor that can perform logic, numeric, pattern recognition, morphological, and inference operations. The ability to perform such diverse functions on one optical processor architecture is unique. The processor uses the technique of symbolic substitution and is based on an optical correlator architecture. Several inputs can be operated on in parallel, and different functions can be performed at one time, making it a multiple-instruction multiple-data processor.
Phenotypic Diversity of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains from a Community-Based Study of Pediatric Diarrhea in Periurban Egypt (1999)

No past studies of diarrhea in children of the Middle East have examined in detail the phenotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains, which are important pathogens in this setting. During a prospective study conducted from November 1993 to September 1995 with 242 children under 3 years of age with diarrhea living near Alexandria, Egypt, 125 episodes of diarrhea were positive for ETEC. ETEC strains were available for 98 of these episodes, from which 100 ETEC strains were selected and characterized on the basis of enterotoxins, colonization factors (CFs), and O:H serotypes. Of these representative isolates, 57 produced heat-stable toxin (ST) only, 34 produced heat-labile toxin (LT) only, and 9 produced both LT and ST. Twenty-three ETEC strains expressed a CF, with the specific factors being CF antigen IV (CFA/IV; 10 of 23; 43%), CFA/II (5 of 23; 22%), CFA/I (3 of 23; 13%), PCFO166 (3 of 23; 13%), and CS7 (2 of 23; 9%). No ETEC strains appeared to express CFA/III, CS17, or PCFO159. Among the 100 ETEC strains, 47 O groups and 20 H groups were represented, with 59 O:H serotypes. The most common O serogroups were O159 (13 strains) and O43 (10 strains). O148 and O21 were each detected in five individual strains, O7 and O56 were each detected in four individual strains, O73, O20, O86, and O114 were each detected in three individual strains, and O23, O78, O91, O103, O128, and O132 were each detected in two individual strains. The most common H serogroups were H4 (16 strains), 12 of which were of serogroup O159; H2 (9 strains), all of which were O43; H18 (6 strains); H30 (6 strains); and H28 (5 strains); strains of the last three H serogroups were all O148. Cumulatively, our results suggest a high degree of clonal diversity of disease-associated ETEC strains in this region. As a low percentage of these strains expressed a CF, it remains possible that other adhesins for which we either did not assay or that are as yet undiscovered are prevalent in this region. Our findings point out some potential barriers to effective immunization against ETEC diarrhea in this population and emphasize the need to identify additional protective antigens commonly expressed by ETEC for inclusion in future vaccine candidates.
SMN2 splicing modifiers improve motor function and longevity in mice with spinal muscular atrophy (2014)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disease caused by mutation or deletion of the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. A paralogous gene in humans, SMN2, produces low, insufficient levels of functional SMN protein due to alternative splicing that truncates the transcript. The decreased levels of SMN protein lead to progressive neuromuscular degeneration and high rates of mortality. Through chemical screening and optimization, we identified orally available small molecules that shift the balance of SMN2 splicing toward the production of full-length SMN2 messenger RNA with high selectivity. Administration of these compounds to Δ7 mice, a model of severe SMA, led to an increase in SMN protein levels, improvement of motor function, and protection of the neuromuscular circuit. These compounds also extended the life span of the mice. Selective SMN2 splicing modifiers may have therapeutic potential for patients with SMA.
Adoption of Technology and Its Impact on Nephrectomy Outcomes, a U.S. Population-Based Analysis (2008–2012) (2016)

The robotic platform showed no benefit over standard laparoscopy for RN, as we found no difference in oncologic efficacy or adverse event rates.
One-pot synthesis of strong solid state emitting mono-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes: study of their aggregation induced enhanced phosphorescence (2012)

Strong solid-state greenish-blue emitting, mono-cyclometalated iridium complexes, [Ir(ppy)(PPh(3))(2)(H)(Cl)], 2a and [Ir(F(2)ppy)(PPh(3))(2)(H)(Cl)], 2b [ppyH = 2-phenylpyridine; F(2)ppyH = 2-(2',4'-difluoro)phenylpyridine], have been synthesized by a convenient route. The 'aggregation induced enhanced phosphorescence (AIEP)' activity exhibited by these complexes has been rationalized.
Design of an FMCW radar baseband signal processing system for automotive application (2016)

For a typical FMCW automotive radar system, a new design of baseband signal processing architecture and algorithms is proposed to overcome the ghost targets and overlapping problems in the multi-target detection scenario. To satisfy the short measurement time constraint without increasing the RF front-end loading, a three-segment waveform with different slopes is utilized. By introducing a new pairing mechanism and a spatial filter design algorithm, the proposed detection architecture not only provides high accuracy and reliability, but also requires low pairing time and computational loading. This proposed baseband signal processing architecture and algorithms balance the performance and complexity, and are suitable to be implemented in a real automotive radar system. Field measurement results demonstrate that the proposed automotive radar signal processing system can perform well in a realistic application scenario.
High-efficiency and stable quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell based on low molecular mass organogelator electrolyte (2014)

A quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell with high photoelectric conversion efficiency (9.61%) and long-term stability is fabricated with a low molecular mass organogelator based gel electrolyte.
Asymmetrical Modulation for Uplink Communication in Cooperative Networks (2008)

In this paper a spectrum efficient uplink communication method for cooperative wireless networks is presented. In cellular controlled peer to peer (CCP2P) cooperative wireless networks the mobile device is logically connected over cellular links with the base station and simultaneously over short-range links with neighboring mobile devices to form cooperative clusters. So far the physical communication over cellular links and over short-range links are separated in time or in frequency. Beyond this state of the art, we exploit a method, referred to as asymmetrical modulation, where a mobile device is generating signals that are conveyed towards the base station and the neighboring devices in the same frequency and even at the same time. The signal is composed in such a way that it has different meanings for the neighboring devices than the base station. While the base station is getting the coarse information, the neighboring devices are getting the fine grained information reading between the lines. Our analytical analysis and simulation results show that asymmetrical modulation can improve the spectrum efficiency and reduce the data queuing delay with neither degrading the symbol error rate performance nor increasing the average energy per bit.
Learning Robotic Manipulation of Granular Media (2017)

In this paper, we examine the problem of robotic manipulation of granular media. We evaluate multiple predictive models used to infer the dynamics of scooping and dumping actions. These models are evaluated on a task that involves manipulating the media in order to deform it into a desired shape. Our best performing model is based on a highly-tailored convolutional network architecture with domain-specific optimizations, which we show accurately models the physical interaction of the robotic scoop with the underlying media. We empirically demonstrate that explicitly predicting physical mechanics results in a policy that out-performs both a hand-crafted dynamics baseline, and a "value-network", which must otherwise implicitly predict the same mechanics in order to produce accurate value estimates.
Electrical detection of drug transport at cell membrane using oocyte-based field effect devices (2007)

We propose the non-label and invasive analysis method for drug transport using an oocyte-based field effect device, which is based on potentiometric detection of extracellular potential change derived from exchange of molecular charges at cell membrane/gate insulator. The extracellular potential change at cell membrane/gate insulator can be directly transduced into electrical signal such as threshold voltage changes using the oocyte-based FET. The time course of threshold voltage change can be monitored during the uptake of common substrate through the transporter at the cell membrane without any labeling materials. The platform based on the oocyte-based FET is suitable for a simple and convenient system for drug screening in pharmaceutical lead discovery.