gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic Destructive Lung Disease Associated with a Novel Mycobacterium (1994)

A woman born in 1920 has suffered from a chronic destructive lung disease since 1972, with development of a severe combined restrictive and obstructive ventilatory defect. Large quantities of acid-fast microorganisms have been repeatedly observed in her sputum. Multiple courses of antimycobacterial treatment did not stop the progression of the disease. The mycobacterium involved was first identified as Mycobacterium gordonae, and later as Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. Analysis of part of the amplified gene of the 16S rRNA, however, revealed that its sequence differed from that of any established mycobacterial species, although it was observed once before in a German lymph node isolate, for which the name "Mycobacterium interjectum" has been proposed. Retrospective analysis confirmed the presence of this sequence in frozen samples which had been provided by the patient in 1983, 1985, 1989, 1990, and 1993. Our case confirms the value of amplification and sequencing of mycobacterial 16S rRNA for classifying mycobacteria, and suggests that "Mycobacterium interjectum" may be involved in cases of chronic destructive lung disease.
Termite Distribution in Michigan (2017)

Subterranean termites have been present in Michigan for a long time. They were reported as being destructive to buildings in 1920 (Anonymous, 1961), and apparently damage done at that time was increasing over what had occurred earlier. Notwithstanding this long time presence of termites in the state a majority of the population still looks upon the termite as a strange insect most likely to be encountered in the South. All too many home owners and building proprietors as well as others are unacquainted with presence of termites in their areas. At the same time monetary loss due to termite attack is considerable. As an example, control costs and losses to structures in Tennessee due to termites in 1971 were reported (Anonymous, 1972) as over $8 million. Expenditures are less than this in Michigan but still substantial. Because of these facts it was felt that a wide cross-section of the public would benefit from knowledge of locations in Michigan where termites are present and most likely to cause damage. Unfortunately the general public is not aware that there are effective control methods to prevent damage where termites are a hazard. Retieulitermes flavipes (Kollar) is the most commonly encountered termite in Michigan. Other species found in the State are Reticulitermes arenincola Goellner and R. tibialis Banks. Areninocola is reported from the very southwest corner of the State and R. tibialis is known from scattered localities.
Synthesis of the hydroxyethylene isostere of Leu-Val (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the hydroxyethylene isostere of Leu-ValPeter G. M. Wuts, Allen R. Ritter, and Lynn E. PruittCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 25, 6696–6700Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00051a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00051a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views380Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Term-based Approach for Generating Finite Automata from Interaction Diagrams (2023)

Non-deterministic Finite Automata (NFA) represent regular languages concisely, increasing their appeal for applications such as word recognition. This paper proposes a new approach to generate NFA from an interaction language such as UML Sequence Diagrams or Message Sequence Charts. Via an operational semantics, we generate a NFA from a set of interactions reachable using the associated execution relation. In addition, by applying simplifications on reachable interactions to merge them, it is possible to obtain reduced NFA without relying on costly NFA reduction techniques. Experimental results regarding NFA generation and their application in trace analysis are also presented.
Development of a candidate item bank for measuring mobility of lower limb orthosis users (2022)

The rigorous qualitative methods applied here resulted in a large set of candidate items that spanned a range of situations relevant to moving with a lower limb orthosis. Next steps include administration of the candidate items to a large sample of lower limb orthosis users and calibration of the item bank.
Clients Who Stalk Their Counselor (2020)

At the outset of a clinical relationship, boundaries are created in order to define the therapeutic relationship, outline the treatment process, and explain the limits of confidentiality. Although clients initially agree to these conditions, there are instances when clients violate these boundaries by engaging in stalking behaviors against their mental health providers. It is estimated that between 10-20% of mental health professionals will be stalked by a client over the course of their careers. Stalking is a crime that does not discriminate, and there is no correlation between its occurrence and a clinician’s skill level or experience. Despite this real threat to clinician safety, there is a lack of awareness and training on this issue and a majority of clinicians report feeling unprepared to handle such behaviors.
Bis(indenyl)chromium Is a Dimer (1996)

The reduction of chromium(III) chloride with sodium indenyl leads initially to chromium (II) chloride, which then gives the dimeric compounds (indenyl)3Cr2Cl (1) and (indenyl)4Cr2 (2), both of which have been shown to contain μ-η3-indenyl groups. 2 is catalytically active for the polymerization of ethylene and the hydrogenation of styrene to ethylbenzene.
Biophysical Characterization of Fluorotyrosine Probes Site-Specifically Incorporated into Enzymes: (2016)

Fluorinated tyrosines (F[subscript n]Y's, n = 2 and 3) have been site-specifically incorporated into E. coli class Ia ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) using the recently evolved M. jannaschii Y-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair. Class Ia RNRs require four redox active Y's, a stable Y radical (Y·) in the β subunit (position 122 in E. coli), and three transiently oxidized Y's (356 in β and 731 and 730 in α) to initiate the radical-dependent nucleotide reduction process. F[subscript n]Y (3,5; 2,3; 2,3,5; and 2,3,6) incorporation in place of Y₁₂₂-β and the X-ray structures of each resulting β with a diferric cluster are reported and compared with wt-β2 crystallized under the same conditions. The essential diferric-F[subscript n]Y· cofactor is self-assembled from apo F[subscript n]Y-β2, Fe ²⁺, and O₂ to produce ∼1 Y·/β2 and ∼3 Fe ³⁺ /β2. The F[subscript n]Y· are stable and active in nucleotide reduction with activities that vary from 5% to 85% that of wt-β2. Each F[subscript n] Y·-β2 has been characterized by 9 and 130 GHz electron paramagnetic resonance and high-field electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopies. The hyperfine interactions associated with the 19 F nucleus provide unique signatures of each F[subscript n]Y· that are readily distinguishable from unlabeled Y·'s. The variability of the abiotic F[subscript n]Y pK a 's (6.4 to 7.8) and reduction potentials (-30 to +130 mV relative to Y at pH 7.5) provide probes of enzymatic reactions proposed to involve Y·'s in catalysis and to investigate the importance and identity of hopping Y·'s within redox active proteins proposed to protect them from uncoupled radical chemistry.
Nonlinear convex and concave relaxations for the solutions of parametric ODEs (2012)

SUMMARY Convex and concave relaxations for the parametric solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are central to deterministic global optimization methods for nonconvex dynamic optimization and open‐loop optimal control problems with control parametrization. Given a general system of ODEs with parameter dependence in the initial conditions and right‐hand sides, this work derives sufficient conditions under which an auxiliary system of ODEs describes convex and concave relaxations of the parametric solutions, pointwise in the independent variable. Convergence results for these relaxations are also established. A fully automatable procedure for constructing an appropriate auxiliary system has been developed previously by the authors. Thus, the developments here lead to an efficient, automatic method for computing convex and concave relaxations for the parametric solutions of a very general class of nonlinear ODEs. The proposed method is presented in detail for a simple example problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Chemical Ecology (2003)

Abstract Chemical ecology is the study of the structure, origin and function of naturally occurring chemicals that mediate intraspecific or interspecific interactions. It has developed into a mature science with diverse practical applications. At the heart of the discipline are modern analytical instrumentation, careful observational biology and good bioassay design.
Recent NASA Research on Aerodynamic Modeling of Post-Stall and Spin Dynamics of Large Transport Airplanes (2007)

A simulation study was conducted to investigate aerodynamic modeling methods for prediction of post-stall flight dynamics of large transport airplanes. The research approach involved integrating dynamic wind tunnel data from rotary balance and forced oscillation testing with static wind tunnel data to predict aerodynamic forces and moments during highly dynamic departure and spin motions. Several state-of-the-art aerodynamic modeling methods were evaluated and predicted flight dynamics using these various approaches were compared. Results showed the different modeling methods had varying effects on the predicted flight dynamics and the differences were most significant during uncoordinated maneuvers. Preliminary wind tunnel validation data indicated the potential of the various methods for predicting steady spin motions.
Humoral Immune Responses to a Single Allele PfAMA1 Vaccine in Healthy Malaria-Naïve Adults (2012)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00730782.
Robust Decision-Based Black-Box Adversarial Attack via Coarse-To-Fine Random Search (2021)

Many studies on reducing the adversarial vulnerability of deep neural networks have been published in the field of machine learning. To evaluate the actual robustness of networks, various adversarial attacks have been proposed. Most previous works have focused on white-box settings which assume that the adversary can have full access to the target models. Since they are not practical in real-world situations, recent studies on black-box attacks have received a lot of attention. However, existing black-box attacks have critical limitations, such as yielding a low attack success rate or relying too much on gradient estimation and decision boundaries. Those attacks are ineffective against weak defenses using gradient obfuscation. In this paper, we propose a novel gradient-free decision-based black-box attack using random search optimization. The proposed method only needs a hard-label (decision-based) and is effective against defenses using gradient obfuscation. Experimental results validate its query-efficiency and improved L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> distance.
TU‐E‐204B‐06: Real Time Tumor Tracking during VMAT Treatment (2010)

Purpose : Intra‐fraction variability of lung tumor position during radiotherapy treatment may cause large dose discrepancy especially for VMAT delivery. Purpose of this work is to reconstruct tumor 3D motion trajectory during VMAT delivery in real‐time based on concomitant CBCT projection images and detect motion irregularities to quantify them for further treatment decision. Method and Materials : A tool was designed to reconstruct lung tumor 3D trajectory during VMAT delivery in real‐time. Our method allows us to detect and quantify abrupt inter‐frame motion during treatment. Tumor 2D position in CBCT projection image is obtained from its registration to certain phase of 4DCT DRR. To assess the efficacy of our method, we developed a lung‐like phantom moving in pre‐determined motion patterns from regular to complex (a Lujan model and three real tumor trajectories). The complex tumor trajectory included an intentional abrupt change in position as well as baseline shifts, amplitude and period variations. Detected trajectory based on our method was compared with the tumor actual trajectory for two tumors, one regular in shape with good contrast (tumorl) and one irregular in shape with poor contrast to adjacent material (tumor2). Results : Experiments show good accuracy in phantom study. For tumorl, reconstructed mean position is (−0.36±0.4, −0.1±0.6, − 0.2±0.5) mm from actual mean position. For tumor2, reconstructed mean position is (−0.34±0.9, 0.0±0.2, −0.1±0.2) mm from actual mean position. When tumors move under abnormal patient breathing curve, the intentional position shift can be detected, which shows the potential of our tool in clinical usage. Conclusion : We successfully developed a tool that can be used to track tumor trajectory during VMAT delivery in real‐time. Our technique allows us to characterize tumor's motion during treatment and enables one to adjust or stop treatment when tumor motion is out of pre‐established tolerance range. Research sponsored by Elekta and Philips
Microsoft Windows Registry Guide, Second Edition (2005)

Understand the inner workings of the Windows operating system-and get Windows 2003 and Windows XP running the way you want-with this essential guide to the Windows registry. CD includes 100+ registry files.
IDENTIFYING UNCERTAINTIES IN FORECASTS OF TRAVEL DEMAND (2001)

Transportation system investments that are costly and have a long intended life are risky if decision-makers shape those investments in response to inaccurate forecasts about the future travel environment. Historically, many forecasts have turned out to be wrong on the basic determinants of future travel patterns, including population, employment, household activity, spatial development, and government policy outcomes. Uncertainty and risk in forecasting travel demand result from the complexity of the urban system and its evolution. Nevertheless, one can identify and analyze a set of discrete factors that are likely to have a significant effect on mobility in the future. These factors stem from technological invention, product innovation, and marketplace transformation, all primary features of the urban environment. Many of the factors can be thought of as vectors that have both spatial direction and magnitude with respect to changing travel demand. Examples of factors working in different directions are center city revitalization versus affordable homes with backyards, and electronic commerce for online shopping versus e-commerce in support of suburban superstores. Factors like these are visible in a survey of social and marketplace trends, and are related to the emerging network economy, market and lifestyle shifts, and environmental changes. These changes influence future land use and travel patterns across both personal and commercial transportation. When viewed in aggregate, the factors point to significant uncertainty and risk, and to a need to rethink the methods that are used by most metropolitan planning organizations to forecast the effects of investments and public policies on future travel patterns.
Biological Activity of Two Tombusvirus Proteins Translated from Nested Genes Is Influenced by Dosage Control via Context-Dependent Leaky Scanning (1999)

Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) encodes a small gene (p19) nested within the cell-to-cell movement gene (p22), and their translation yields two proteins with separate activities for virus spread and symptom induction. The objective of this study was to determine the biological relevance associated with the translational mechanism responsible for expression of the nested p22 and p19 genes. Introduction of site-specific mutations to optimize the translational start site context of p22 caused a substantial shift in the ratio of the two proteins, mainly because it dramatically reduced the otherwise abundant levels of p19 protein accumulation in vitro and in vivo. Changes in the dosage or ratios of p22 and p19 proteins failed to noticeably affect virus replication or movement in Nicotiana spp. that support a systemic infection. In contrast, bio-assays with hypersensitive Nicotiana hosts illustrated that a substantially elevated p22/p19 protein ratio increased the size of p19 protein-mediated lesions whereas those induced by the p22 protein tended to be smaller. The reduced levels of p19 protein prevented the onset of a lethal apical necrosis in systemically infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Furthermore, the increased p22/p19 protein ratio impaired the ability of TBSV to systemically invade spinach plants. These results suggest that control of tombusvirus p22 and p19 protein ratios and dosage through context-dependent leaky scanning provides a co-translational mechanism to coordinate their biological activities.
Testing an ADC linearized with pseudorandom dither (1998)

When a pure sinewave is digitized by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the errors are determined by the input voltage and, hence, the phase of the sinewave. The errors generate signal harmonics coherently. One technique used to reduce the harmonic distortion is dithering by combining a pseudorandom wide bandwidth dither signal with the input signal. When pseudorandom dither is added to a sinusoidal signal, it randomizes the ADC errors with respect to the sinewave so that the errors cannot add coherently. The dominant effect of the dither component is to reduce large spurious harmonic distortion components by spreading them into many smaller ones. This paper presents a test method for testing an ADC linearized with pseudorandom dither. We present results of testing a 12-bit, 5 MHz converter and a state-of-the-art, 14-15-bit, 10 MHz converter.
The Visual In Mobile Music Performance (2011)

Visual information integration in mobile music performanceis an area that has not been thoroughly explored and currentapplications are often individually designed. From camerainput to flexible output rendering, we discuss visual performance support in the context of urMus, a meta-environmentfor mobile interaction and performance development. Theuse of cameras, a set of image primitives, interactive visualcontent, projectors, and camera flashes can lead to visuallyintriguing performance possibilities.
Cucurbit[n]uril Analogues (2003)

[structure: see text] Cucurbits come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and colors. We present a building block approach that allows the tailor-made synthesis of CB[5], CB[6], and CB[7] analogues whose sizes, shapes, and colors differ from those of the known CB[n].
Detection of chemical warfare agents in the presence of interferents (2006)

This work describes the use of an array of SAW (surface acoustic wave devices) to detect and identify chemical warfare agents (nerve and mustard simulants) in a background of interferents (methanol, diesel and hexane). Even in a varying concentration and realistic gas delivery profiles, an array of SAW is able to identify and predict the concentrations of simulants in real-time. This application differs from standard electronic noses (e-noses) as it is analytic. Using SAW that are highly sensitive to only the simulants with the appropriate classification algorithms a real-time chemical detector can be realized. The system was tested with a wide range of gas profiles and was able to identify and quantify the simulants accurately.
Empfehlungen zur Thrombozytentransfusion (2006)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Stress Detection Using Context-Aware Sensor Fusion From Wearable Devices (2023)

Wearable medical technology has become increasingly popular in recent years. One function of wearable health devices is stress detection, which relies on sensor inputs to determine a patient’s mental state. This continuous, real-time monitoring can provide healthcare professionals with vital physiological data and enhance the quality of patient care. Current methods of stress detection lack: (i) robustness—wearable health sensors contain high levels of measurement noise that degrades performance, and (ii) adaptation—static architectures fail to adapt to changing contexts in sensing conditions. We propose to address these deficiencies with SELF-CARE, a generalized selective sensor fusion method of stress detection that employs novel techniques of context identification and ensemble machine learning. SELF-CARE uses a learning-based classifier to process sensor features and model the environmental variations in sensing conditions known as the noise context. SELF-CARE uses noise context to selectively fuse different sensor combinations across an ensemble of models to perform robust stress classification. Our findings suggest that for wrist-worn devices, sensors that measure motion are most suitable to understand noise context, while for chest-worn devices, the most suitable sensors are those that detect muscle contraction. We demonstrate SELF-CARE’s state-of-the-art performance on the WESAD dataset. Using wrist-based sensors, SELF-CARE achieves 86.34% and 94.12% accuracy for the 3-class and 2-class stress classification problems, respectively. For chest-based wearable sensors, SELF-CARE achieves 86.19% (3-class) and 93.68% (2-class) classification accuracy. This work demonstrates the benefits of utilizing selective, context-aware sensor fusion in mobile health sensing that can be applied broadly to Internet of Things applications.
SNAPPER: Fashion Coordinate Image Retrieval System (2013)

Fashion is one of the most important factors in our lives. A lot of people enjoy their fashion. On the other hand, they are not confident about their fashion coordination. Especially, it is a very worrisome problem to purchase a new fashion item that suits to their clothing. In this paper, we propose an image-retrieval-based system for supporting a person's fashion coordination and purchase of new fashion items. This system provides users an efficient way to know and purchase the fashion items which suit to those in their closets. The user uploads the image of his or her clothing and specifies the part which he or she puts it on. Then, our system retrieves similar items and recommends fashion coordinate from our fashion coordinate database that has been collected from fashion websites.