gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safety and toleration of oxymetazoline ophthalmic solution. (1980)

Two studies were carried out in volunteers without any abnormal ocular conditions to assess the effects and safety of an ophthalmic preparation of oxymetazoline (0.025%). In the first study in which oxymetazoline was compared with placebo and phenylephrine, the results of infra-red electronic pupillography showed that oxymetazoline in therapeutic doses had no effect on pupil size or near point recession. The second study, which was a double-blind forced choice comparison of two different formulations against placebo and 1% naphazoline, showed from assessments of the degree of ocular discomfort and hyperaemia that oxymetazoline was well tolerated and the subjects preferred oxymetazoline in a boric acid rather than in a phosphate solution.
<title>Digital video disk mastering</title> (1996)

Mastering refers to the process of forming the original pattern for replicating structures to provide the specified opto-electronic signals. Several technologies have been explored since the start of the optical storage industry. Mechanical cutting, as used in the conventional audio industry, turned out to be unpractical. Mastering dynamics could be best reached by laser beam recording. Literature reveals two types of possible processes for laser beam recording; photo-resist based and non-photoresist (ablative) based technology. The photo-resist technology is based upon a process using well established lithographic technologies. The master disc is composed of a glass substrate on which a layer of photo-resist material has been applied. The submicron sized portions of this photo-resist layer, exposed by the focused laser beam, give the requested opto-electronic structure after development and rinsing of the master substrate. The photo-resist based process is a microscopically localized process. The pit shape depends on the exposure of that area only and no contributions from adjacent spot positions are present. The photo-resist process has proven flexibility towards a large variety of groove and pit shapes. The final pit structure is controlled during the development process by pit-formation monitoring. Non photo-resist mastering deals with forming structures by local heating of specific areas of a substrate covered with an ablative material. The pit formation and the shape of the pit depend strongly on the temperature profile. This pit-formation process depends not only on the (heat) exposure of the laser beam for that given minute portion but also on the heat flow from neighbouring areas. If a nearby area has just been heated, heat will diffuse to that given area and cause a different pit shape. This highly unwanted phenomenon is known in optical recordable systems as inter symbol interference. In order to prevent uncontrolled pit formation due to this interference from adjacent pits, complex write strategies have to be used. These write strategies are strongly dependent on recording speeds, layer thickness, spot quality and layer quality. In order to certify the performance of this process for its pit characteristics, the pit formation has to be verified by a second read beam. This read laser adds to the systems complexity while its reliability has to be certified systematically. This explains why more complex pit structures, e.q. MO, are preferably realized by the photoresist mastering process.
Abstract 259: Controlled Sequential Elevation of the Head and Thorax Combined With Active Compression Decompression Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and an Impedance Threshold Device Improves Neurological Survival in a Swine Model of Cardiac Arrest (2019)

Introduction: Survival rates after cardiac arrest with intact brain function remain poor and are not uniformly improved with a single intervention. A bundle of care approach to CPR that enhances cerebral and coronary circulation while simultaneously lowering intracranial pressure (ICP) provides new opportunity to improve neurological survival. Hypothesis: Active compression decompression (ACD) CPR and an impedance threshold device (ITD) to regulate intrathoracic pressure with controlled sequential elevation of the head and thorax (CSE) to lower ICP and increase cerebral and coronary (CoPP) perfusion pressures, will increase neurologically intact survival when compared to a conventional (C) CPR in the flat position in pigs. Methods: Female farm pigs were sedated, intubated, and anesthetized. Central arterial and venous access were continuously monitored. Regional brain tissue perfusion (CerO2) was also measured transcutaneously. Ventricular fibrillation was induced and untreated for 10 minutes. Pigs were randomized to 1) C-CPR flat or 2) CSE ACD+ITD CPR that included 2 min of ACD+ITD with the head and heart first elevated 10 and 8 cm, respectively, and then further elevation over 2 min to 22 and 9 cm, respectively. After 19 min of CPR, pigs were defibrillated and recovered. A veterinarian blinded to the intervention assessed cerebral performance category (CPC) at 24 hours. A neurologically intact outcome was defined as a CPC score of 1 or 2. Categorical outcomes were analyzed by Chi-Square and continuous outcomes with an unpaired student’s t-test. All p-values are unadjusted. Results: Return of spontaneous circulation rate was 8/8 (100%) with CSE and 2/8 (25%) for C-CPR (p = 0.002). For the primary outcome of neurologically intact survival, 6/8 (75%) pigs survived with CPC 1 or 2 with CSE versus 1/8 (12.5%) with C-CPR (p = 0.012). CoPP (mmHg, mean ± SD) was higher with CSE at 18 minutes (41 ± 24 vs 10 ± 5, p = 0.004). CerO2 (%, mean ± SD) and ETCO 2 (mmHg, mean ± SD) values were higher at 18 minutes with CSE (32.2 ± 8.5 vs 16.5 ± 2.1, p = 0.003, and 54.9 ± 8.6 vs 19.1 ± 7.0, p &lt; 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: The novel bundled resuscitation approach of CSE with ACD+ITD CPR increased neurologically intact survival 6-fold versus C-CPR in a swine model of cardiac arrest.
Retransmission strategies of the generation-based network coding in packet networks (2009)

In this paper, we address retransmission strategies of the generation-based network coding in the packet network. Our discussion focuses on how to make the retransmission more efficient. We investigate four retransmission strategies, quasi Classical ReTransmission strategy (CRT), Random ReTransmission strategy (RRT), Packet-Loss-Edge-based ReTransmission strategy (PLERT) and Minimum ReTransmission strategy (MRT). The PLERT strategy and the MRT strategies are the main contributions of this paper.
Identification and localization of multiple forms of serine hydroxymethyltransferase in pea (Pisum sativum) and characterization of a cDNA encoding a mitochondrial isoform. (1992)

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) has been purified from the mitochondria of green pea leaves. Activity can be fractionated into two distinct peaks by ion exchange chromatography. While these two forms of the enzyme are immunologically indistinguishable, immunoinhibition experiments show the presence of a distinct non-mitochondrial third form of the enzyme to also be present in green pea leaves. While this mitochondrial form of SHMT is abundant in leaves it is absent from roots, although the two tissues have comparable SHMT activity. An antibody raised to purified mitochondrial SHMT was used to screen a cDNA expression library. The sequence of one of the isolated positive clones contained an open reading frame, which encoded a sequence that matched the amino acid sequence determined from the N terminus of the mature protein. The open reading frame encodes a mature protein of 487 amino acids with a M(r) of 54,000, together with a 27-31 amino acid serine-rich leader sequence, presumably required for mitochondrial targeting. The cDNA hybridizes to a small multigene family of 2-3 genes, which appear to be expressed predominantly in leaves. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with the amino acid sequences of the rabbit mitochondrial and cytoplasmic SHMT, show that pea mitochondrial SHMT is equally similar to both of these enzymes. In addition, the rabbit sequences are more like one another than they are to the pea sequence, suggesting an interesting evolutionary relationship for these proteins.
Water and water vapor permeation and solute separation through poly(n-alkyl L-glutamate) membranes (1977)

Abstract To elucidate the mechanism of water permeation, permeation of water and water vapor through a series of poly(n-alkyl L-glutamates). polymers of methyl, propyl, and butyl glutamate were studied. It was confirmed that water and water vapor permeability were almost one order higher than in cellulose acetate membrane and increased with increasing length of the side chain. The activation energies of the hydraulic permeability of water and the diffusion coefficient of water vapor are almost three times those for pure viscous flow of water. The behavior is analyzed by the free-volume concept for mass transport, and the result shows that the mechanism of water permeation involves the molecular transport of clusters of several water molecules, though the size of the cluster is extremely small compared with that in bulk viscous flow. Separation of water-soluble solute through the homogeneous polypeptide membrane was examined. Though the rejection of NaCl is not as good as in cellulose acetate membranes, the rejection increases with increase of molecular size of solute, and almost all solute is rejected for serum albumin. The rejection increases with increasing length of the side chain, and poly(n-butyl L-glutamate) is excellent for both water permeability and separation of solute.
Impaired noradrenaline-induced lipolysis in white fat of aP2-Ucp1 transgenic mice is associated with changes in G-protein levels (2002)

In vitro experiments suggest that stimulation of lipolysis by catecholamines in adipocytes depends on the energy status of these cells. We tested whether mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) that control the efficiency of ATP production could affect lipolysis and noradrenaline signalling in white fat in vivo. The lipolytic effect of noradrenaline was lowered by ectopic UCP1 in white adipocytes of aP2-Ucp1 transgenic mice, overexpressing the UCP1 gene from the aP2 gene promoter, reflecting the magnitude of UCP1 expression, the impaired stimulation of cAMP levels by noradrenaline and the reduction of the ATP/ADP ratio in different fat depots. Thus only subcutaneous but not epididymal fat was affected. UCP1 also down-regulated the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase and lowered its activity, and altered the expression of trimeric G-proteins in adipocytes. The adipose tissue content of the stimulatory G-protein alpha subunit was increased while that of the inhibitory G-protein alpha subunits decreased in response to UCP1 expression. Our results support the idea that the energy status of cells, and the ATP/ADP ratio in particular, modulates the lipolytic effects of noradrenaline in adipose tissue in vivo. They also demonstrate changes at the G-protein level that tend to overcome the reduction of lipolysis when ATP level in adipocytes is low. Therefore, respiratory uncoupling may exert a broad effect on hormonal signalling in adipocytes.
A New Actuation Approach for Human Friendly Robot Design (2004)

In recent years, many successful robotic manipulator designs have been introduced. However, there remains the challenge of designing a manipulator that possesses the inherent safety characteristics necessary for human-centered robotics. In this paper, we present a new actuation approach that has the requisite characteristics for inherent safety while maintaining the performance expected of modern designs. By drastically reducing the effective impedance of the manipulator while maintaining high-frequency torque capability, we show that the competing design requirements of performance and safety can be successfully integrated into a single manipulation system.
Temperature-Independent Flexible Broadcasting based on Cascaded χ(2) Nonlinearities in a Broadband Type-0 Step-Chirped PPLN (2013)

Tunable temperature-independent triple-idler broadcasting of a signal into selective WDM channels to cover whole C and L bands is demonstrated utilizing cascaded second-order interactions in a 20-mm-long step-chirped PPLN with an engineered ~28-nm-wide type-0 second-harmonic bandwidth.
Computational Study of the Hydrolysis Reactions of Small MO2 (M = Zr and Hf) Nanoclusters with Water (2012)

Density functional theory (DFT) has been used to study the hydrolysis reaction of (MO2)n (M = Zr, Hf, n = 1–4) nanoclusters in the ground singlet and first triplet states. The reactions for singlet n = 1 were benchmarked at the CCSD(T) level of theory. The reactions of H2O with the metal site having an M═O bond and/or M–O bonds as well as H transfer to both terminal ═O atoms and bridge −O atoms have been studied. The partial charge on M increases as the M═O bonds are replaced with M–OH bonds. The first H2O adsorption (physisorption) energies for these MO2 nanoclusters are calculated to be −20 to −30 kcal/mol for the singlet state and −15 to −48 kcal/mol for the triplet state. These physisorption energies depend on the cluster size and the adsorption site, consistent with existing experimental and computational studies. The first hydrolysis (dissociative chemisorption) reaction energies of the MO2 nanoclusters are calculated to have a much broader range, −30 to −80 kcal/mol for the singlet states and −30 to −100 kcal/mol for the triplet states. Steric effects play an important role in determining the physisorption and chemisorption energies, especially for the trimers and tetramers. The potential energy surfaces for hydrolysis in both the singlet and triplet states are calculated. The calculated Lewis acidities (fluoride affinities) correlate with the hydrolysis properties of the nanoclusters. Our calculations show that H2O readily reacts with both the singlet and triplet states of the MO2 nanoclusters to form the hydroxides. The reaction barriers are generally less than 10 kcal/mol for the singlet states, and because the H2O physisorption energies are large, the barriers occur below the (MO2)n asymptote.
Clinical pharmacology of tamoxifen in patients with breast cancer: comparison of traditional and loading dose schedules. (1980)

Genetic influences on the timing of three pubertal events--vaginal opening, first vaginal cornification, and onset of cyclicity--were studied in C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and C3H/HeJ mice and in two F1 hybrid strains (B6D2F1 and B6C3HF1). Marked genotypic differences were found. Among inbred strains, differences in the onset of vaginal opening and first vaginal cornification (C3H less than DBA less than C57) did not parallel those for the onset of cyclicity (C3H much greater than DBA = C57). Compared to parental strains, F1 hybrid strains were intermediate for times of vaginal opening and first vaginal cornification, consistent with the model in which the genetic effects on the timing of these events are additive. By contrast, onset of cyclicity occurred significantly earlier in the F1 hybrids than in their parent strains, indicating heterosis for one or more genes specifying this event. Body weights also differed among the genotypes from weaning onward, but these differences were only partially correlated with the differences in the timing of the pubertal events. Thus, genetic influences other than those affecting body weight contribute to the differential timing of pubertal events in these mouse strains. These results reveal marked genetic variation in the timing of puberty, and indicate that the set of genes specifying the timing of vaginal opening and first vaginal cornification differs from those specifying the onset of cyclicity.
Experimental Study on Wave Propagation Behavior on Free Surface of Lithium Flow for IFMIF (2011)

Velocity measurement of surface waves on high-speed liquid lithium (Li) flow was conducted by using the Li circulation loop at Osaka University to support target monitor and diagnostics applications for the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF). Free surface shapes were recorded with a high-speed video camera, and surface waves were tracked with the statistical correlations of image intensity patterns over a velocity range of 5 to 15 m/s. As a result, the velocity distribution of surface waves was measured. The development of surface velocity beyond the nozzle edge was clearly measured. The velocity measurement by this method might suffer from some influence from stationary waves, which were generated by a damaged nozzle edge. The measured velocity in a region free from stationary waves was seen to exceed the mean flow velocity, probably due to two-dimensional regular waves. For this case, the measured velocity may consist of the advection velocity of the Li flow and the phase velocity of the wave. For an irregular wave region, the measured velocity was shown to be approximately the same as the mean flow velocity. The present flow velocity measurement can be used in the high-velocity range where random waves are generated.
Novel inter-core-cladding lithium niobate thin-film-coated fiber modulator/sensor (2004)

An fiber modulator/sensor has been fabricated by depositing a lithium niobate sol-gel thin film between the core and cladding of a fiber preform. The preform is then drawn into 125 um fiber. The proposed design of lithium niobate cylinder fibers can enhance the existing methdology for detecting sound waves under water utilizing the acoustooptic properties of lithium niobate. Upon application of a stress or strain, light propagating inside the core, acording to the principle of total internal reflection, escapes into the cladding because of the photoelastic boundary layer of lithium niobate. Test results of the lithium niobate fiber reveal a reduction in the 1550 nm, 4 mW source with applied tension. The source power from an ordinary quartz fiber under the same stress condition remained invariant to applied tension.
Biopolymeric superabsorbent hydrogels: impact on soil moisture release pattern, crop and water productivity of soybean–wheat under different irrigation regimes in Indo-Gangetic plains of India (2021)

Abstract Environmental crises, declining factor productivity, and shrinking natural resource threatened global agricultural sustainability. The task is much more daunting in the Indo-Gangetic northern plains of India, where depletion of the underground water table and erratic rains due to the changing climate pose a major challenge to agriculture. To address these challenges a field investigation was carried out during 2016–18 to test the efficacy of biopolymeric superabsorbent hydrogels namely Pusa Hydrogel (P-hydrogel: a semi-synthetic cellulose derivative-based product) and kaolin derivative of Pusa Hydrogel (K-hydrogel: semi-synthetic cellulose derivative) to assess their effect on crop and water productivity, soil moisture, root dynamics, and economics of soybean ( Glycine max L.)–wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) system under three irrigation regimes namely full irrigation, limited irrigation and rainfed. The results revealed that the full irrigation along with P-hydrogel led to enhanced grain yield, biomass yield, and water productivity (WP) of soybean (1.61–10.5%, 2.2–9.5%, and 2.15–21.8%, respectively) and wheat (11.1–18.3%, 12–54% and 11.1–13.1%, respectively) over control plots. The best performance of P-hydrogel was observed under full irrigation compared to K-hydrogel (both at 2.5 and 5.0 kg − 1 ) and control. Plots treated with P-hydrogel retained 3.0–5.0% higher soil moisture compared to no-hydrogel plots, while K-hydrogel treated plots held the lower moisture (4.0–6.0%) than the control. In terms of profitability, full irrigation along with P-hydrogel plots registered 12.97% higher economic returns over control. The results suggested that full irrigation along with P hydrogels (2.5 kg ha − 1 ) is a viable option for sustainable production of soybean-wheat systems in the Indo-Gangetic plains of India and other similar eco-regions of the world.
Anton Piller Order in UK and its Possible Implications in India (2007)

Concrete evidence is vital to substantiate one’s claim and obtain relief in any case, including those revolving round infringement of intellectual property rights. To prevent situations where the defendants might destroy the evidences on being aware of the impending legal actions, the English Courts devised a new strategy an ex parte interlocutory injunction which enables the plaintiffs’ solicitors to enter the defendants’ premises and obtain the offending materials or documents to produce them at the trial – called the Anton Piller order. However, due to its enormous power, if not used sparingly, the Anton Piller order can be abused to a large extent. The application of Anton Piller order in India is still in nascent stage and lot many questions are still left unanswered. This paper looks into the rights and obligations of the parties, risks associated with it and the possible solutions, in perspective of the intellectual property right infringement cases.
Isometric Joystick: A Study of Control by Adolescents and Young Adults with Cerebral Palsy (1992)

This research was undertaken to determine the best wheelchair driving method for clients with cerebral palsy who were experiencing difficulties using displacement joysticks. The hypothesis was that adolescents with cerebral palsy would perform better in a tracking task using an isometric joystick (which has no moving parts) than a displacement joystick of the type used in commercial wheelchair controllers. A series of single subject case studies was performed in which the activating force of the isometric joystick was individualised for each subject. Comparative evaluation of the isometric joystick and a displacement joystick was then carried out. Results indicate that performance using the displacement joystick was superior to performance with the isometric joystick for the able-bodied subject and four of the five subjects with cerebral palsy. One of the subjects showed significantly better performance on the displacement joystick using his hand, and no significant difference between joysticks using his foot. The remaining subject, who used his foot, showed no significant difference between joysticks. These findings suggest that subjects with cerebral palsy with prior experience using a displacement joystick do not appear to benefit by the use of an isometric joystick compared to a displacement joystick. No difference in the use of the two joysticks was found for subjects with cerebral palsy who had no prior experience using a joystick. This suggests that an isometric joystick is an option for people beginning to learn to drive an electric wheelchair.