gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wallace H. Coulter: Decades of invention and discovery (2013)

Only a few inventors can be said to have made as great an impact on mankind as Wallace Coulter. His inquisitive mind and ability to see well beyond what existed served him well for 40 years of inventing. So many of the fundamental tools that exist today in the area of hematology were derived from or driven by Coulter's inventions that he could be called the most technological innovator in the field of modern hematology. In achieving these discoveries Wallace Coulter was clearly capable of visualizing future opportunities that few others recognized. His vision was combined with an uncanny ability to translate his ideas into products. He developed a large number of tools that shaped the fields of cytometry, image analysis, and industrial materials. His understanding of the future power of computation drove him to link these technologies in a unique way. In the end, Coulter shaped the technologies that ultimately drove hematology in a new direction, one that remains on a critical pathway linking technology innovation all the way to true translational impact. It was said of Henry Ford that "[h]e has no notion that wealth has made him great, and any one who is imprest merely by his wealth bores him. In his personal contacts he likes to dodge the subject. He would prefer to talk with a machinist about machinery, or with somebody who likes birds about birds. In these contacts, he asks no deference; and if he gets it, he suspects it is mere deference to wealth, and that ends his interest."(1) The same could be said of Wallace Coulter, who, like Ford, understood the concepts of mass production and customer service. Coulter had the ability to recognize the opportunity and fulfill the need for development of a blood-cell counter that could be placed in every pathology laboratory, and in so doing transformed a field from a qualitative to a quantitative environment. Every person who has ever entered a medical lab, hospital, or doctor's office has felt the impact of Coulter's discovery.
Complexity in Manufacturing Processes and Systems 2019 (2020)

with the same name As is expected, the control or behavior knowledge of factors that influence on the production performance continues to be important in the academic and industrial field.
Equipment to Measure the Energy Absorption of Films at High Strain Rates (1957)

The design and performance of equipment to measure film toughness under impact loading is described. The measured quantity is the amount of energy absorbed by a film when a ball is projected through it. The velocity of the ball can be varied from about 20 ft/sec to 800 ft/sec. A conditioning chamber permits testing over a temperature range of −40°C to +80°C. Individual tests require a specimen of film of about 1¼×1¼ in. and can be made at the rate of about 2/min. Results are given for films of several commercial materials.
Expression, purification and preliminary X-ray characterization of CTP synthetase fromThermus thermophilusHB8 (2003)

A recombinant form of the CTP synthetase from Thermus thermophilus HB8 (tCTPs) was grown as colourless crystals by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique using ammonium sulfate or sodium citrate as a precipitating agent. The crystals belong to space group I222, with unit-cell parameters a = 88.2, b = 118.9, c = 142.7 A, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees, and are most likely to contain a monomer in the asymmetric unit with a V(M) value of 3.07 A(3) Da(-1). The crystals obtained from ammonium sulfate and sodium citrate solutions diffract X-rays to a resolution of 2.25 A using synchrotron X-ray sources and to a resolution of 2.35 A using Cu Kalpha X-rays from a rotating-anode generator.
An Extensive Comparison of the Effect of Anthelmintic Classes on Diverse Nematodes (2013)

Soil-transmitted helminths are parasitic nematodes that inhabit the human intestine. These parasites, which include two hookworm species, Ancylostomaduodenale and Necator americanus, the whipworm Trichuristrichiura, and the large roundworm Ascarislumbricoides, infect upwards of two billion people and are a major cause of disease burden in children and pregnant women. The challenge with treating these diseases is that poverty, safety, and inefficient public health policy have marginalized drug development and distribution to control infection in humans. Anthelmintics (anti-worm drugs) have historically been developed and tested for treatment of non-human parasitic nematodes that infect livestock and companion animals. Here we systematically compare the in vitro efficacy of all major anthelmintic classes currently used in human therapy (benzimidazoles, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists, macrocyclic lactones, nitazoxanide) against species closely related to human parasitic nematodes-Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Trichurismuris, and Ascarissuum--- as well as a rodent parasitic nematode used in veterinary drug discovery, Heligmosomoidesbakeri, and the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Extensive in vitro data is complemented with single-dose in vivo data in three rodent models of parasitic diseases. We find that the effects of the drugs in vitro and in vivo can vary greatly among these nematode species, e.g., the efficacy of albendazole is strong on A. ceylanicum but weak on H. bakeri. Nonetheless, certain commonalities of the in vitro effects of the drugs can be seen, e.g., nitazoxanide consistently shows an all-or-nothing response. Our in vitro data suggest that further optimization of the clinical efficacy of some of these anthelmintics could be achieved by altering the treatment routine and/or dosing. Most importantly, our in vitro and in vivo data indicate that the hookworm A. ceylanicum is a particularly sensitive and useful model for anthelmintic studies and should be incorporated early on in drug screens for broad-spectrum human soil-transmitted helminth therapies.
Grafting well-defined CO2-responsive polymers to cellulose nanocrystals via nitroxide-mediated polymerisation: effect of graft density and molecular weight on dispersion behaviour (2017)

Tertiary polyamines and polyamides were grafted to cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) <italic>via</italic> Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerisation to yield well-defined CNC, which were examined for their CO<sub>2</sub>-responsive dispersibility in water and oil.
Combining Visualization and Statistical Analysis to Improve Operator Confidence and Efficiency for Failure Detection and Localization (2005)

Web applications suffer from software and configuration faults that lower their availability. Recovering from failure is dominated by the time interval between when these faults appear and when they are detected by site operators. We introduce a set of tools that augment the ability of operators to perceive the presence of failure: an automatic anomaly detector scours HTTP access logs to find changes in user behavior that are indicative of site failures, and a visualizer helps operators rapidly detect and diagnose problems. Visualization addresses a key question of autonomic computing of how to win operators' confidence so that new tools will be embraced. Evaluation performed using HTTP logs from Ebates.com demonstrates that these tools can enhance the detection of failure as well as shorten detection time. Our approach is application-generic and can be applied to any Web application without the need for instrumentation
On the performance of the Koch fractal and other bent wire monopoles as electrically small antennas (2003)

The Koch fractal monopole, meander line and normal mode helix are considered as small antennas. It is demonstrated that the Koch fractal monopole does not exhibit unique behavior as a function of its fractal geometry. The simpler, less compressed geometries of the meander line and normal mode helix are shown to exhibit similar or improved performance compared to that of the Koch fractal monopole. It is also demonstrated that at or near the small antenna limit, the radiation resistance of these antennas converges to that of the Euclidean monopole of the same overall height, independent of differences in geometry or total wire length.
An N-Gram Based Approach to Automatically Identifying Web Page Genre (2009)

The research reported in this paper is the first phase of a larger project on the automatic classification of Web pages by their genres, using n-gram representations of the Web pages. In this study, the textual content of Web pages is used to create feature sets consisting of the most frequent n-grams and their associated frequencies. We present three methods, each of which uses a distance measure to determine the dissimilarity between two feature sets. Each method forms a feature set for every Web page in the test set, however the formation of feature sets from the training set differs between methods: we experiment using one feature set per Web page, per genre, and a combination of genre-based feature sets supplemented by subgenre feature sets. We present results for a balanced corpus of seven genres (blog, eshop, FAQs, front page, listing, home page, and search page). Initial results are encouraging.
High thermal-stability ceria synthesized via thermal-hydrolysis route and methane-combustion performance (2017)

Enhancement of the thermal stability of a catalyst is an efficient way to improve the catalytic activity of a catalytic reaction performed at high temperature. In this study, cerium oxide (ceria, CeO2) with a high thermal stability was synthesized by controlling the agglomeration of the primary particles via the thermal hydrolysis of ceric nitrate, accompanied by testing for the catalytic combustion of methane (CH4). The specific surface area of this material after calcination at 1,173 K for 5 h was 50 m2/g, which was much higher than that of the two reference materials (ceria made via precipitation of cerous nitrate using aqueous ammonia at 4.1 m2/g, and the Japan reference catalyst JRC-CEO-1 at 1.4 m2/g). The ceria made via thermal hydrolysis showed high crystallinity and a much higher pore volume, which resulted in excellent thermal resistance. For O2 conversion in ceria, catalyzed CH4 combustion at 923 K, the ceria created in this study demonstrated higher activity than that for either reference. The high CH4 combustion performance was due to the high specific surface area and to a superior oxygen storage capacity (OSC) even after a combustion test.
Role of Occupation on New-Onset Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Among Deployed Military Personnel (2013)

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of military occupation on new-onset post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among U.S. combat veterans recently returned from deployment to Iraq. Enlisted, active duty Navy and Marine Corps personnel without a history of mental disorder were identified from deployment records and linked to medical databases (n = 40,600). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between occupation and postdeployment PTSD and depression diagnoses by branch of service. Navy health care specialists had higher odds of new-onset PTSD (odds ratio [OR] 4.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58-7.94) and depression (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.53-4.34) compared with Navy functional support/other personnel. In addition, Marine combat specialists had higher odds of new-onset PTSD (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.48-2.47) and depression (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.10-1.68) compared with Marine functional support/other personnel. Occupation is associated with the development of new-onset PTSD and depression. The high rates of PTSD and depression among health care specialists warrant further investigation into the potential effects of caregiver stress on mental health.
Digital stereo image analyzer for generating automated 3-D measures of optic disc deformation in glaucoma (2002)

The major limitations of precise evaluation of retinal structures in present clinical situations are the lack of standardization, the inherent subjectivity involved in the interpretation of retinal images, and intra- as well as interobserver variability. While evaluating optic disc deformation in glaucoma, these limitations could be overcome by using advanced digital image analysis techniques to generate precise metrics from stereo optic disc image pairs. A digital stereovision system for visualizing the topography of the optic nerve head from stereo optic disc images is presented. We have developed an algorithm, combining power cepstrum and zero-mean-normalized cross correlation techniques, which extracts depth information using coarse-to-fine disparity between corresponding windows in a stereo pair. The gray level encoded sparse disparity matrix is subjected to a cubic B-spline operation to generate smooth representations of the optic cup/disc surfaces and new three-dimensional (3-D) metrics from isodisparity contours. Despite the challenges involved in 3-D surface recovery, the robustness of our algorithm in finding disparities within the constraints used has been validated using stereo pairs with known disparities. In a preliminary longitudinal study of glaucoma patients, a strong correlation is found between the computer-generated quantitative cup/disc volume metrics and manual metrics commonly used in a clinic. The computer generated new metrics, however, eliminate the subjective variability and greatly reduce the time and cost involved in manual metric generation in follow-up studies of glaucoma.
Role of Calpain in Pathogenesis of Human Disease Processes. (2016)

Calpains are a 15-member class of calcium activated nonlysosomal neutral proteases which are involved in a broad range of cellular function. Calpains are usually localized to the cytosol and within mitochondria. Calpastatin is an endogenous protein that specifically binds to and inhibits calpain. Overactivation of calpain has been implicated in a number of disease processes of the brain, eyes, heart, lungs, pancreas, kidneys, vascular system and skeletal muscle. Therefore, calpain may serve as a potential therapeutic target for a wide variety of disease processes. This review briefly outlines the current literature regarding the involvement of calpain overactivation in the pathogenesis of almost every organ in the body.
Frequency and Outcome of Carotid Atheromatous Disease in Patients With Stroke in Pakistan (2009)

The frequency of carotid artery disease of at least moderate severity is very low in patients with recent stroke or TIA and there is low utilization of high-cost, carotid intervention procedures in Pakistan. These data raise questions regarding the applicability and cost-effectiveness of routine carotid ultrasound screening in our country and similar population in Asia. The local socio-economic and clinical data do not support routine carotid Doppler ultrasound in every patient with stroke and TIA in Pakistan. Studies are warranted to determine predictors of significant carotid artery stenosis in stroke/TIA patients of our country to develop reliable stroke guidelines appropriate for local population.
Electrochemistry of the Cyclopropyl Group (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Electrochemical Formation of the Cyclopropyl Ring Cathodic Reductive Cyclization 1,3-Dihalo Aliphatic Compounds Dihaloketones Activated Olefins 1,3-Diketones Anodic Oxidative Cyclization Carboxylic Acids Miscellaneous Oxidations Electrochemical Properties of Cyclopropyl Derivatives Cathodic Reduction of Cyclopropyl Halides Cathodic Reduction of Cyclopropyl Ketones Cathodic Reduction of Cyclopropenyl Cations Cyclopropyl Ring-opening by Anodic Oxidation Anodic Oxidation of Cyclopropyl Carboxylate Derivatives A Cyclopropyl Ring as an Intermediate or a Bridged-ion in Electrochemical Processes References
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2‐Dioxanes from an Endoperoxide. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Use of Augmented Reality in the furniture industry (2011)

The architects conceive the interior visual aspect of a house based on sketches and drawings. These drawing schemes are perfectly understandable by technicians that are responsible for their implementation, but to the client, most of the time, they seem somewhat unrealistic and ungraspable in terms of visual model. This issue is especially sensitive when the inner components are actually pieces of different kinds of furniture and other decoration stuff. The ideal situation should be to offer the client a preview of what is designed to decorate his home and even better, to be able in real-time, to make changes in some of the design details and previewing the results. The VRINMOTION is a configurable and modular platform that has been developed to solve this gap between the designer’s and the client’s visual models. It offers an immersive preview of the interior decoration, customizable to the spatial real world visualization area having Augmented Reality (AR) as its technological background.
322. Joint Spacer Retention, Antimicrobial Suppression, and Risk of Re-infection (2018)

Two-stage exchange is the standard treatment of periprosthetic joint infection in the United States. Occasionally, for selected patients, temporary antibiotic-loaded spacers are retained “permanently” instead of proceeding with prosthesis re-implantation. It is unclear whether the “retained” spacer represents a nidus for re-infection, and would require secondary antibiotic suppression to prevent recurrence of infection. We aim to determine the risk of re-infection among patients with retained knee and hip spacers, and assess the role of antibiotic suppression. We identified 51 patients with retained static or articulating knee (n = 34) and hip (n = 17) spacers between 1996 and 2014 using the Mayo Clinic Hospital Orthopedic database. Medical records were reviewed to collect clinical data, including antibiotic use and offending organisms. We compared the cumulative incidence of reinfection between those with or without suppression using a competing risk model, with death and revision for mechanical failure as competing risks. The median age was 77 years (range, 48–94). Gender distribution was equal. The median Charlton Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 3 (1–11), while median BMI was 30.1 (17.8–59.5). Eleven of 51 patients received antibiotic suppression after spacer retention. A history of prior antibiotic suppressive therapy was the only variable associated with being placed back on antibiotic suppression after spacer retention [OR 18 (95% CI 3.2–100)]. During the median follow-up period of 31.3 months, there were five re-infections. The cumulative incidence of re-infection was not significantly different between suppressed and unsuppressed groups (P = 0.89). The re-infecting pathogens were different from the index offending organisms. Only the presence of preoperative draining sinus was significantly associated with re-infection [OR 10 (95% CI 1–99.6)]. In selected patients where a second-stage prosthesis re-implantation is not an option, and retention of “temporary” antibiotic loaded spacer is surgically preferred, the risk of re-infection was not prevented by prolonged antibiotic suppression. The presence of a draining sinus was significantly associated with re-infection, often with new pathogens. All authors: No reported disclosures.
Multipurpose Fiber Injected-micro-spherical LIDAR System (2005)

A technological revolution is occurring in the field of fiber lasers. Over the past two years, the level of power has increased from approx. 100 watts to nearly 1 kilowatt. We are developing a novel fiber laser system, which is a satellite-based LIDAR transmitter of multi-lines. The system is made of a hollow fiber filled with micro-spheres doped with lasing materials. Each sphere has its inherent optical cavity, which makes the system a cavity free and in the same time, emits multi-laser lines for simultaneous multi-task operations. The system is also rugged, compact, lightweight, and durable. Our earlier studies on micro-spheres doped with different laser dyes demonstrated the emission of extremely fine laser lines of less than 3 A line-width, which are of interest for spectroscopic applications, sensing, imaging, and optical communications. Individual dye-doped micro-spheres demonstrated a lasing resonance peaks phenomenon in their fluorescence spectra of linear and nonlinear features that do not exist in the bulk dye solutions. Each individual micro-sphere acts as a laser system with inherent cavity, where the fluorescence line suffers multiple internal reflections within the micro-sphere and gains enough energy to become a laser line. Such resonance peaks are dependent on the sphere's morphology, size, shape, and its refractive index. These resonance peaks are named structural resonance, whispering modes or whispering gallery modes, creeping waves, circumferential waves, surfaces modes, and virtual modes. All of these names refer to the same phenomenon of morphology dependent resonance (MDR), which has already been described and predicted precisely by electromagnetic theory and Lorentz-Mie theory since 1908. The resonance peaks become more obvious when the particle size approaches and exceeds the wavelength of the laser used and the relative index of the particle is greater than that of the surrounding medium. Additional information is included in the original extended abstract.
Improved RNA preservation for immunolabeling and laser microdissection (2009)

Microdissection techniques have the potential to allow for transcriptome analyses in specific populations of cells that are isolated from heterogeneous tissues such as the nervous system and certain cancers. Problematically, RNA is not stable under the labeling conditions usually needed to identify the cells of interest for microdissection. We have developed an immunolabeling method that utilizes a high salt buffer to stabilize RNA during prolonged antibody incubations. We first assessed RNA integrity by three methods and found that tissue incubated in high salt buffer for at least 20 h yielded RNA of similar quality to that for RNA extracted from fresh-frozen tissue, which is considered highest quality. Notably, the integrity was superior to that for RNA extracted from tissue processed using rapid immunolabeling procedures (5 min total duration). We next established that high salt buffer was compatible with immunolabeling, as demonstrated by immunofluorescent detection of dopamine neurons in the brain. Finally, we laser microdissected dopamine neurons that were immunolabeled using high salt buffer and demonstrated that RNA integrity was preserved. Our described method yields high quality RNA from immunolabeled microdissected cells, an essential requirement for meaningful genomics investigations of normal and pathological cells isolated from complex tissues.