gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AhR: Far more than an environmental sensor (2014)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, acts as a heterodimeric transcriptional regulator. Widely expressed in a variety of animal species as well as in humans...
Carbohydrate Supplementation Before Operation Retains Intestinal Barrier Function and Lowers Bacterial Translocation in a Rat Model of Major Abdominal Surgery (2008)

Preoperative intake of carbohydrates by rats retains both the intestinal barrier function and prevents translocation of bacteria to distant organs.
Expanding the Scope of Metal‐Free Catalytic Hydrogenation through Frustrated Lewis Pair Design (2010)

No metal causes frustration: Based on a conceptual framework, novel frustrated Lewis acid–base catalyst systems with orthogonal reactivity have been developed. Aside from enhanced functional-group tolerance, unique chemoselectivity can be achieved in catalytic metal-free hydrogenations (see scheme). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effects of growth hormone administration on protein dynamics and substrate metabolism during 4 weeks of dietary restriction in obese women (2000)

During dietary restriction GH primarily seems to conserve protein by a reduced hepatic degradation of amino acids.
Improved accuracy in terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism phylogenetic analysis using a novel internal size standard definition (2007)

The size definition of the newly constructed internal standards reduced fragment sizing errors and allowed for accurate assignment of bacteria to peaks by the T-RFLP analysis. This provided a more effective means for studying microbial communities, including the oral microflora.
p30 DBC is a potential regulator of tumorigenesis (2009)

Tumorigenesis is a multistep process controlled by a number of proteins involved in diverse pathways. Traditionally, proteins are either considered as oncogenes, which promote tumorigenesis or as tumor suppressors, which prevent tumorigenesis. However, recent studies revealed quite a few proteins that could function as oncogene as well as tumor suppressor. A new member of such proteins is p30 DBC (deleted in breast cancer 1, also called DBC1). p30 DBC is one of the proteins involved in tumorigenesis that does not clearly adhere to either descriptions. Several studies show that p30 DBC is involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and histone modification, all processes important for regulating tumorigenesis. However, there are other conflicting results regarding how p30 DBC contributes to tumorigenesis. The most interesting aspect of this is that p30 DBC is a strong inhibitor of SIRT1 protein deacetylase, whose exact role in tumorigenesis is currently under debate. This review summarizes the current understandings on p30 DBC functions, with a focus on the proposed roles of p30 DBC in tumorigenesis.
Comparison of two fatty acid analysis protocols to characterize and differentiate Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (2006)

The utility of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles for characterization and differentiation of isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was investigated. Two fatty acid analysis protocols of the normal (MIDI) and a modified MIDI method were used for their utility. Only the modified MIDI method allowed a clear differentiation between F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicislycopersici. FAME profiles using the modified MIDI method gave the most consistent and reproducible analyzed fatty acid data. Evaluation of the FAME profiles based on cluster analysis and principal-component analysis revealed that FAME profiles from tested isolates were correlated with the same vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) compared to the same races in F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Results indicated that FAME profiles could be an additional tool useful for characterizing isolates and forma species of F. oxysporum obtained from tomato.
Coordinated Expression of Astaxanthin Biosynthesis Genes for Improved Astaxanthin Production in Escherichia coli (2020)

Astaxanthin has great potential commercial value in the feed, cosmetics, and nutraceutical industries due to its strong antioxidant capacity. In this study, the <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain CAR026 with completely balanced metabolic flow was selected as the starting strain for the production of astaxanthin. The expression of β-carotene ketolase (CrtW) and β-carotene hydroxylase (CrtZ), which catalyze the conversion of β-carotene to astaxanthin, was coordinated, and a bottleneck was eliminated by increasing the copy number of <i>crtY</i> in CAR026. The resulting strain Ast007 produced 21.36 mg/L and 4.6 mg/g DCW of astaxanthin in shake flasks. In addition, the molecular chaperone genes <i>groES</i>-<i>groEL</i> were regulated to further improve the astaxanthin yield. The best strain Gro-46 produced 26 mg/L astaxanthin with a yield of 6.17 mg/g DCW in shake flasks and 1.18 g/L astaxanthin after 60 h of fermentation under fed-batch conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest astaxanthin obtained using engineered <i>E. coli</i> to date.
Fabrication and characterization of vertically stacked Gate-All-Around Si Nanowire FET arrays (2009)

We describe the fabrication of vertically Stacked Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistors (SiNW FETs) in Gate-All Around (GAA) configuration. Stacks with the number of channels ranging from 1 to 12 have been successfully produced by means of a micrometer scale lithography and conventional fabrication techniques. It is shown that demonstrator Schottky Barrier (SB) devices fabricated with Cr/NiCr contacts present good subthreshold slope (70 mV/dec), I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio ges 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> and reproducible ambipolar behavior.
Model predictive control for max-min-plus-scaling systems (2001)

We further extend the model predictive control framework, which is very popular in the process industry due to its ability to handle constraints on inputs and outputs, to a class of discrete event systems that can be modeled using the operations maximization, minimization, addition and scalar multiplication. This class encompasses max-plus-linear systems, min-max-plus systems, bilinear max-plus systems and polynomial max-plus systems. In general the model predictive control problem for max-min-plus-scaling systems leads to a nonlinear non-convex optimization problem, that can also be reformulated as an optimization problem over the solution set of an extended linear complementarity problem. We also show that under certain conditions the optimization problem reduces to a convex programming problem, which can be solved very efficiently.
Cross-Cultural and Global Competencies and Their Role in Admissions Policies and Practices (2020)

Equity, diversity, and inclusion are key strengths of higher education institutions and are fundamental to achieving excellence in learning, teaching, and research. This chapter focuses on cross-cultural and global competencies and how they contribute to a more inclusive and diverse campus. The chapter provides a discussion of Indigenous Canadian students and how culturally inclusive approaches to admissions contributes to decolonizing practices in higher education. It also provides a summary on the significant growth and demand of international student mobility to Canadian universities, the need for Canadian students to gain cross-cultural competence by studying abroad, and the policies and practices that could be used to emphasize cross-cultural and global competencies for learners.
[Lymphoproliferative disease in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: significance of antigenic stimulation and inflammatory processes]. (2011)

Evidence has been growing that the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative disease involves immune processes deregulation. It is believed that antigens or immunological elements can trigger transformation of normal lymphocyte polyclonal population into monoclonal neoplastic disorder--lymphoproliferative disease. Extensive studies point to the link between malignant lymphoma development and autoimmune or inflammatory diseases--namely rheumatoid arthritis, Sjörgen's syndrome, coeliac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus or thyroiditis. Increased risk of lymphoproliferative disease development was also proved for some infections. These infections involve both viral (e.g. Epstein-Barr virus, HIV or hepatitis C virus) and bacterial agents (e.g. Helicobacter pylori, Borrelia burgdorferi). Besides various lymphomas, the links to autoimmune/inflammatory diseases have also been described in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Regarding clinical medicine, it is necessary to distinguish patients with autoimmune, inflammatory and infectious diseases who are at the increased risk of tumour development. New approaches must be found to lower this risk. Also, the relationship between autoimmune/inflammatory disease therapy and lymphoma development should be clarified. Although lymphomas associated with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases represent only a small proportion of all lymphomas, any new findings regarding these diseases can cast light on lymphoma pathogenesis as a whole.
Recruitment of Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptors during Synaptic Potentiation Is Regulated by CaM-Kinase I (2008)

Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) at central glutamatergic synapses are of special interest because of their unique biophysical and signaling properties that contribute to synaptic plasticity and their roles in multiple neuropathologies. However, intracellular signaling pathways that recruit synaptic CP-AMPARs are unknown, and involvement of CP-AMPARs in hippocampal region CA1 synaptic plasticity is controversial. Here, we report that intracellular infusion of active CaM-kinase I (CaMKI) into cultured hippocampal neurons enhances miniature EPSC amplitude because of recruitment of CP-AMPARs, likely from an extrasynaptic pool. The ability of CaMKI, which regulates the actin cytoskeleton, to recruit synaptic CP-AMPARs was blocked by inhibiting actin polymerization with latrunculin A. CaMK regulation of CP-AMPARs was also confirmed in hippocampal slices. CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP) after theta bursts, but not high-frequency tetani, produced a rapid, transient expression of synaptic CP-AMPARs that facilitated LTP. This component of TBS LTP was blocked by inhibition of CaM-kinase kinase (CaMKK), the upstream activator of CaMKI. Our calculations show that adding CP-AMPARs numbering <5% of existing synaptic AMPARs is sufficient to account for the potentiation observed in LTP. Thus, synaptic expression of CP-AMPARs is a very efficient mechanism for rapid enhancement of synaptic strength that depends on CaMKK/CaMKI signaling, actin dynamics, and the pattern of synaptic activity used to induce CA1 LTP.
Distance measurement sensor with PIN-photodiode and bridge circuit (2006)

The presented integrated optical distance measurement sensor works on the time-of-flight principle. The distance information is obtained from the correlation of received light and the transmitted signal. The PIN-bridge circuit concept ensures suppression of background light by equally charging and discharging the capacitor within one period, while integrating the wanted signal. The advantages of the included PIN-photodiode are high bandwidth f/sub 3 dB/>1.35 GHz together with high responsivity R=0.36 A/W at 660 nm. A single distance measurement is performed in 2 ms. With averaging, an accuracy of better than 1% is achieved for distances up to 3.7 m. Effective pixel size is 250/spl times/200 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ having a fill-factor of /spl sim/16%. The sensor was manufactured in a 0.6-/spl mu/m BiCMOS process.
Signposts to Oblivion? Meta-Tags Signal the Judiciary to Stop Commercial Internet Regulation and Yield to the Electronic Marketplace (1998)

The focus of this Comment is not merely to analyze the role of the judiciary in Meta-Tag litigation specifically, but also to use Meta- Tags as a lens with which to examine the potential effect of judicial activism on Internet commerce in general. The first portion of this analysis focuses on the applicability of federal trademark infringement and dilution laws in Meta-Tag abuse suits. The next portion of the article evaluates why market regulation of Meta-Tag abuse is the correct course of action, in the short-term, for ensuring the growth of electronic commerce. The article concludes with a description of potential long-term regulation alternatives and analyzes the practicality of each.
Photon-induced dissociation with a four-sector tandem mass spectrometer (1990)

The feasibility of using photodissociation of protonated peptide molecules to sequence specific fragment ions with a 193-nm pulsed laser beam in a magnetic deflection tandem mass spectrometer of EBEB configuration was demonstrated. Although the short pulse (15 ns) and low repetition rate (100 Hz) of the excimer laser permitted the irradiation of only ∼ 0.02% of the (M + H)+ ions exiting MS-1, a photon-induced decomposition spectrum of the heptapeptide angiotensio III (Mr 930.5) was produced that was practically the same (but with better signal-to-noise ratio) as that generated by collision-activated dissociation at the same low duty cycle. Because of the low and pulsed fragment ion currents, an array detector was used to record the spectra. A dependence between laser power and abundance of fragment ions was observed (increased power increases the relative abundance of ions of low mass). Laser power was varied from 6 to 80 mJ. Formation of fragment ions from a large peptide (melittin, M, 2844.75) was also observed. The results permit the design of modifications that may increase the fragment ion yield to 10% or higher, which would make photon-induced decomposition a useful method for magnetic deflection mass spectrometers.
Solute Removal Efficiency and Biocompatibility of the High-Performance Membrane – From Engineering Points of View (2011)

Two major prerequisites of high-performance dialysis membranes are superior biocompatibility and high removal efficiency of pathogenic substances of large molecular size. In this article, we present a review, in the context of recent research results, of the solute removal efficiency and biocompatibility of the high-performance membrane. The former is discussed in terms of differences in separation properties arising from the constituent materials, the dialysis membrane structures, internal filtration-accelerated dialyzers, optimization of the dialysis fluid flow, and solute removal by adsorption, and the latter in terms of invasion of endotoxins present in dialysis fluid, antioxidant actions, and properties of the internal surface of dialysis membranes. We also discuss the main properties and problems of currently available high-performance dialysis membranes. While the solute removal efficiency of high-performance dialysis membranes is already mostly satisfactory and no further significant improvements are expected, except in relation to the fractioning properties (selectivity), there is much scope for improvement in the biocompatibility of dialysis membranes. It is important that ultrahigh-performance dialysis membranes of superior biocompatibility are developed based on the results of basic studies carried out from the engineering point of view, reports from the manufacturers, and clinical outcomes.
Electrodeposition of Titanium on Base Metals (1955)

A method for electrodeposition of protective titanium coatings on steel and other base metals is described. The procedure involves electrolysis of potassium titanium fluoride dissolved in alkali or alkaline earth halides under an inert atmosphere. Graphite or titanium metal anodes are employed.
Polymerase chain reaction-gene probe detection of microorganisms by using filter-concentrated samples (1991)

To detect low levels of microorganisms in environmental samples by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-gene probe detection, samples were concentrated by filtration. Fluoropore (Millipore Corp.) filters were compatible with PCR DNA amplification, whereas various other filters including nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate filters inhibited PCR amplification. By concentrating cells on Fluoropore filters and releasing the DNA by freeze-thaw cycling, PCR DNA amplification could be performed without removing the filter. Concentration with Fluoropore FHLP and FGLP filters permitted the detection of single cells of microorganisms in 100-ml samples by PCR-gene probes.
In Vitro Assessment of Acyclovir Permeation Across Cell Monolayers in the Presence of Absorption Enhancers (2008)

The aim of the investigation was to establish transepithelial permeation of acyclovir across Caco-2 and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell monolayers and attempt to improve its permeation by employing absorption enhancers (dimethyl beta cyclodextrin, chitosan hydrochloride and sodium lauryl sulfate) and combinations thereof. Caco-2 and MDCK cell monolayers have been widely employed in studying drug transport, mechanisms of drug transport, and screening of absorption enhancers and excipients. Transepithelial electrical resistance and permeation of 99mTc-mannitol were employed as control parameters to assess the tight junction and paracellular integrity. Permeation of acyclovir in the presence of absorption enhancers was found to be significantly higher compared with drug permeation in their absence when assessed as apparent permeability coefficients (Papp). Synergistic improvements in Papp values of acyclovir were obtained in case-selected combinations of absorption enhancers; dimethyl beta cyclodextrin-chitosan hydrochloride, chitosan hydrochloride-sodium lauryl sulfate, and dimethyl beta cyclodextrin-sodium lauryl sulfate, were used. Recovery and viability assessment studies of both cell monolayers suggested reestablishment of paracellular integrity and no damage to cell membranes. Significantly improved permeation of acyclovir in the presence of selected combinations of absorption enhancers may be used as a viable approach in overcoming the problem of limited oral bioavailability of acyclovir.
Severity, heterogeneity and systemic inflammation in psoriasis (2019)

Psoriasis may express as active severe disease or as mild stable disease. In particular, patients with active severe disease present systemic involvement, including comorbidities and increased values of parameters reflecting an active state of innate immunity. In contrast, patients with mild stable disease show a dominancy of acquired immunity. In this review article, we report the clinical aspects of disease manifestations of both active and quiescent psoriasis as well as the immunological aspects, as well as the impact on antimicrobial resistance. The activity of psoriasis is not captured in the present outcome measures for severity assessment. The present review suggests that incorporating disease activity may be important in the assessment of the efficacy of treatments.
The Role of Sampling Conditions in Particle Size Distribution Measurements (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Particle size distribution and particle number emissions rather than legislated particulate mass emissions from diesel engines are subject of rising concern especially in the US and several Western European countries [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;span class="xref"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;. Recently also particle number emissions from gasoline engines attracted much attention since these engines are supposed to emit very high numbers of ultrafine particles or even nano-sized particles [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; &lt;figure id="F1" class="figure"&gt; &lt;div class="graphic-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img class="article-figure figure" src="981374_fig0001.jpg" alt="No Caption Available"/&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figure&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The work described in this paper focused on the impact of modern diesel exhaust gas aftertreatment systems like diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) and diesel particulate filter (DPF) on particle number emission. Especially the effect that these aftertreatment systems are supposed to significantly increase ultrafine particle numbers (because they may act like “reactors” actively producing ultrafine solid particles) gave reason for investigating the effects and mechanisms more in detail.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Within the work described it became evident that measuring conditions play a decisive role in terms of ultrafine particle emission investigations. Inadequately adjusted dilution parameters like dilution ratio and dilution air temperature can provoke ultrafine particle formation downstream DPF and DOC obviously caused by condensation effects. The investigations also revealed that ultrafine particles formed downstream DPF and DOC do not have a solid carbonaceous core which is consistent to the model that these particles are condensation products.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results of the program clearly depict the lack of a global standard for particle size distribution measurements. Mandatory standards for gravimetric particulate mass sampling are not sufficient in terms of ultrafine particle emissions. Yet, to avoid mis-interpretation of particle size distribution measurements a common standard is urgently needed.&lt;/div&gt;
Kinetic Assay for High-Throughput Screening of In Vitro Transthyretin Amyloid Fibrillogenesis Inhibitors (2005)

Stabilization of tetrameric transthyretin (TTR) by binding of small ligands is a current strategy aimed at inhibiting amyloid fibrillogenesis in transthyretin-associated pathologies, such as senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA) and familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). A kinetic assay is developed for rapid evaluation of compounds as potential in vitro inhibitors in a high-throughput screening format. It is based on monitoring the time-dependent increase of absorbance due to turbidity occurring by acid-induced protein aggregation. The method uses the highly amyloidogenic Y78F mutant of human transthyretin (heterogously expressed in Escherichia coli cells). Initial rates of protein aggregation at different inhibitor concentrations follow a monoexponential dose-response curve from which inhibition parameters are calculated. For the assay development, thyroid hormones and nonsteroidal antiinflamatory drugs were chosen among other reference compounds. Some of them are already known to be in vitro inhibitors of TTR amyloidogenesis. Analysis time is optimized to last 1.5 h, and the method is implemented in microtiter plates for screening of libraries of potential fibrillogenesis inhibitors.