gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual synaptic interconnect using an asynchronous network-on-chip (2008)

Given the limited current understanding of the neural model of computation, hardware neural network architectures that impose a specific relationship between physical connectivity and model topology are likely to be overly restrictive. Here we introduce, in the SpiNNaker chip, an alternative approach: a mappable virtual topology using an asynchronous network-on-chip (NoC) that decouples the “logical” connectivity map from the physical wiring. Borrowing the established digital RAM model for synapses, we develop a concurrent memory access channel optimised for neural processing that allows each processing node to perform its own synaptic updates as if the synapses were local to the node. The highly concurrent nature of interconnect access, however, requires careful design of intermediate buffering and arbitration. We show here how a locally buffered, one-transaction-per-node model with multiple synapse updates per transaction enables the local node to offload continuous burst traffic from the NoC, allowing for a hardware-efficient design that supports biologically realistic speeds. The design not only presents a flexible model for neural connectivity but also suggests an ideal form for general-purpose high-performance on-chip interconnect.
The performance of a reduced-order adaptive controller when used in multi-antenna hyperthermia treatments with nonlinear temperature-dependent perfusion (2009)

In large multi-antenna systems, adaptive controllers can aid in steering the heat focus toward the tumor. However, the large number of sources can greatly increase the steering time. Additionally, controller performance can be degraded due to changes in tissue perfusion which vary non-linearly with temperature, as well as with time and spatial position. The current work investigates whether a reduced-order controller with the assumption of piecewise constant perfusion is robust to temperature-dependent perfusion and achieves steering in a shorter time than required by a full-order controller. The reduced-order controller assumes that the optimal heating setting lies in a subspace spanned by the best heating vectors (virtual sources) of an initial, approximate, patient model. An initial, approximate, reduced-order model is iteratively updated by the controller, using feedback thermal images, until convergence of the heat focus to the tumor. Numerical tests were conducted in a patient model with a right lower leg sarcoma, heated in a 10-antenna cylindrical mini-annual phased array applicator operating at 150 MHz. A half-Gaussian model was used to simulate temperature-dependent perfusion. Simulated magnetic resonance temperature images were used as feedback at each iteration step. Robustness was validated for the controller, starting from four approximate initial models: (1) a 'standard' constant perfusion lower leg model ('standard' implies a model that exactly models the patient with the exception that perfusion is considered constant, i.e., not temperature dependent), (2) a model with electrical and thermal tissue properties varied from 50% higher to 50% lower than the standard model, (3) a simplified constant perfusion pure-muscle lower leg model with +/-50% deviated properties and (4) a standard model with the tumor position in the leg shifted by 1.5 cm. Convergence to the desired focus of heating in the tumor was achieved for all four simulated models. The controller accomplished satisfactory therapeutic outcomes: approximately 80% of the tumor was heated to temperatures 43 degrees C and approximately 93% was maintained at temperatures <41 degrees C. Compared to the controller without model reduction, a approximately 9-25 fold reduction in convergence time was accomplished using approximately 2-3 orthonormal virtual sources. In the situations tested, the controller was robust to the presence of temperature-dependent perfusion. The results of this work can help to lay the foundation for real-time thermal control of multi-antenna hyperthermia systems in clinical situations where perfusion can change rapidly with temperature.
Correlation and prediction of crystal solubility and purity (2002)

Abstract A thermodynamic model is developed for the correlation and prediction of crystal solubility and purity when lattice substitution by isomorphic or near‐isomorphic impurities is the dominant mechanism that leads to impure crystals. The model is based on earlier observation that the purity of amino acid crystals obtained from aqueous solutions is related to the relative solubilities of the product and impurity in the solvent. A simple relationship is developed that allows the prediction of the purity of crystals obtained from dilute solutions containing both product and impurity species.
Brain Responses to Cardiac Electrical Stimulation: A New EEG Method for Evaluating Cardiac Sensation (2011)

Although cardiac sensation, such as palpitation or chest pain, is common and is sometimes a malignant sign of heart diseases, the mechanism by which the human brain responds to afferent signals from the heart remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether electrical stimulation of the heart provokes brain responses in humans. We examined 15 patients (age: 65.4 ± 3.1 years old, 11 males and 4 females) implanted with either a cardiac pacemaker or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was simultaneously recorded from the vertex during right ventricular pacing at 70-100 beats/min at baseline (1.5 V) and intense (6-8 V) stimulation sessions. We evaluated brain responses to cardiac electrical stimulation by measuring cerebral potentials that were obtained by subtracting the average of 100 EEG waves triggered by cardiac pacing during baseline stimulation from those during the intense stimulation. Intense stimulation of the cardiac pacemaker or CRT device reproducibly induced cardiac sensation in 6 out of the 15 patients; namely, the remaining 9 patients showed no reproducible response. Brain responses were evident by averaging cerebral potentials from all of the 15 patients and those from 6 patients with reproducible cardiac sensation. To the best our knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrates the brain responses to cardiac electrical stimulation in humans. This new method should be useful for examining pathophysiology of cardiac diseases with pathological cardiac sensation, including cardiac anxiety and silent myocardial ischemia.
Activity coefficient of antimony and arsenic in molten iron and carbon saturated iron (1994)

In connection with removal of tramp elements from molten iron and steel, activity coefficients of arsenic and antimony in carbon saturated iron and in pure iron were determined between 1473 to 1923 K and between 1823 to 1923 K, respectively, by measuring the distribution of those elements between the metals and silver. The following activity coefficients are observed: for carbon saturated iron: log γAs = 3560/T + 1.14, log γSb = 6890/T + 5.06; and for molten iron: log γ°As = - 198/T - 1.41, log γ°Sb = - 7030/T + 4.38, respectively. The possibility of the removal of arsenic and antimony from molten iron by using a BaO-BaF2 flux is discussed. Im Zusammenhang mit der Entfernung von Begleitelementen aus flüssigem Eisen und Stahl sind auch die Aktivitätskoeffizienten von Arsen und Antimon von Bedeutung. Die Aktivitätskoeffizienten beider Stoffe werden in kohlenstoffgesättigtem Eisen wie auch in reinem Eisen in den Temperaturbereichen 1473 -1923 K und 1823 - 1923 K bestimmt. Die Gleichungen für die Aktivitätskoeffizienten konnten schließlich aufgestellt werden. Ebenfalls wird die Möglichkeit der Entfernung von Arsen und Antimon aus Eisenschmelzen mit Hilfe von BaO-BaF2-Flußmitteln erörtert.
Fam65b Phosphorylation Relieves Tonic RhoA Inhibition During T Cell Migration (2018)

We previously identified Fam65b as an atypical inhibitor of the small G protein RhoA. Using a conditional model of a Fam65b-deficient mouse, we first show that Fam65b restricts spontaneous RhoA activation in resting T lymphocytes and regulates intranodal T cell migration <i>in vivo</i>. We next aimed at understanding, at the molecular level, how the brake that Fam65b exerts on RhoA can be relieved upon signaling to allow RhoA activation. Here, we show that chemokine stimulation phosphorylates Fam65b in T lymphocytes. This post-translational modification decreases the affinity of Fam65b for RhoA and favors Fam65b shuttling from the plasma membrane to the cytosol. Functionally, we show that the degree of Fam65b phosphorylation controls some cytoskeletal alterations downstream active RhoA such as actin polymerization, as well as T cell migration <i>in vitro</i>. Altogether, our results show that Fam65b expression and phosphorylation can finely tune the amount of active RhoA in order to favor optimal T lymphocyte motility.
Phenotypical, Biological, and Molecular Heterogeneity of 5α-Reductase Deficiency: An Extensive International Experience of 55 Patients (2010)

In the largest cohort to date, we demonstrate a wide spectrum of phenotypes and biological profiles in patients with 5α-reductase deficiency, whatever their geographical or ethnic origins.
Geometrical demonstration of the VSWR-locus in different reference planes and its applications (2009)

When evaluating the RF robustness of a power amplifier test measurements are performed on a locus of load conditions with constant voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). The reference plane is normally set at the antenna input terminal where this constant VSWR locus of points represented on a Smith chart is a circle centred on the origin: often 50 Ohm. For design and technology purposes this investigation is performed via on wafer measurement at the transistor level, before the matching network. This implies that a different locus has to be chosen. Previous literature approaches this issue in a purely algebraical way which formulates the relationship between this two loci but leaves peculiar properties of the transformation unrevealed and unused. In this paper the problem is geometrically tackled and solved by reasoning on the nature of the loci and on the properties of the functions involved. The geometrical procedure is then arithmetically formalised as a linear system of equations whose solutions are compared with those of the classical approach. This comparison lead to discover an imprecision in the formulas previously published. The geometrical reasoning reveals a set of peculiar solutions which are traced back to conditions on the S-parameters of the matching network. The outcome of this proof is suitable for a software implementation and can be applied to an automated load-pull measurement set-up.
Fabrication of Silicon-on-Nothing Structure by Substrate Engineering Using the Empty-Space-in-Silicon Formation Technique (2004)

A practical method for the fabrication of a silicon on nothing (SON) structure with the desired size and shape has been developed by using the empty-space-in-silicon (ESS) formation technique. It was found that the SON structure could be precisely controlled by the initial shape and layout of the trenches. The size of ESS is determined by the size of the initial trench. The desired shapes of ESS, such as spherical, pipe-shaped and plate-shaped, can be fabricated by changing the arrangement of the initial trenches. The fabricated SON region over ESS has excellent crystallinity adoptable for ultra-large-scale integrated circuit (ULSI) applications. The SON structure would be a promising substrate structure for various manufacturing technologies, such as the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS), photonic crystals and waveguides.
Characterization of the Barley Net Blotch Pathosystem at the Center of Origin of Host and Pathogen (2019)

Net blotch (NB) is a major disease of barley caused by the fungus <i>Pyrenophora teres</i> f. <i>teres</i> (<i>Ptt</i>), and <i>P. teres</i> f. <i>maculata</i> (<i>Ptm</i>). <i>Ptt</i> and <i>Ptm</i> infect the cultivated crop (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) and its wild relatives (<i>H. vulgare</i> ssp. <i>spontaneum</i> and <i>H. murinum</i> ssp. <i>glaucum</i>). The main goal of this research was to study the NB-causing pathogen in the crop center of origin. To address this, we have constructed a <i>Ptt</i> (n = 15) and <i>Ptm</i> (n = 12) collection isolated from three barley species across Israel. Isolates were characterized genetically and phenotypically. Aggressiveness of the isolates was determined based on necrotrophic growth rate on detached leaves of barley. In addition, isolates were genetically characterized by the mating type, followed by phylogenetic analysis, clustering them into seven groups. The analysis showed no significant differentiation of isolates based on either geographic origin, host of origin or form (<i>Ptt</i> vs. <i>Ptm</i>). Nevertheless, there was a significant difference in aggressiveness among the isolates regardless of host species, geographic location or sampling site. Moreover, it was apparent that the isolates derived from wild hosts were more variable in their necrotrophic growth rate, compared to isolates sampled from cultivated hosts, thereby suggesting that NB plays a major role in epidemiology at the center of barley origin where most of the diversity lies. <i>Ptm</i> has significantly higher necrotrophic and saprotrophic growth rates than <i>Ptt</i>, and for both a significant negative correlation was found between light intensity exposure and growth rates.
SDOF-GAN: Symmetric Dense Optical Flow Estimation With Generative Adversarial Networks (2021)

There is a growing consensus in computer vision that symmetric optical flow estimation constitutes a better model than a generic asymmetric one for its independence of the selection of source/target image. Yet, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), that are considered the de facto standard vision model, deal with the asymmetric case only in most cutting-edge CNNs-based optical flow techniques. We bridge this gap by introducing a novel model named SDOF-GAN: symmetric dense optical flow with generative adversarial networks (GANs). SDOF-GAN realizes a consistency between the forward mapping (source-to-target) and the backward one (target-to-source) by ensuring that they are inverse of each other with an inverse network. In addition, SDOF-GAN leverages a GAN model for which the generator estimates symmetric optical flow fields while the discriminator differentiates the "real" ground-truth flow field from a "fake" estimation by assessing the flow warping error. Finally, SDOF-GAN is trained in a semi-supervised fashion to enable both the precious labeled data and large amounts of unlabeled data to be fully-exploited. We demonstrate significant performance benefits of SDOF-GAN on five publicly-available datasets in contrast to several representative state-of-the-art models for optical flow estimation.
Reducing the bandwidth of sparse symmetric matrices (1969)

The finite element displacement method of analyzing structures involves the solution of large systems of linear algebraic equations with sparse, structured, symmetric coefficient matrices. There is a direct correspondence between the structure of the coefficient matrix, called the stiffness matrix in this case, and the structure of the spatial network delineating the element layout. For the efficient solution of these systems of equations, it is desirable to have an automatic nodal numbering (or renumbering) scheme to ensure that the corresponding coefficient matrix will have a narrow bandwidth. This is the problem considered by R. Rosen1. A direct method of obtaining such a numbering scheme is presented. In addition several methods are reviewed and compared.
Reliability and Validity of Self-Report of Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Use in the Vitamins and Lifestyle Study (2003)

In the United States, dietary supplements contribute a large proportion of micronutrient intakes. Therefore, it is important to collect accurate information on supplement use for studies of micronutrients and disease risk. This report describes the test-retest reliability and validity of a detailed, self-administered mailed questionnaire on vitamin and mineral supplement use. Participants (n = 220) completed the questionnaire at baseline and 3 months later. During an in-person interview, participants provided spot urine and blood samples, and interviewers transcribed nutrient information from their supplement bottle labels. The questionnaire had very good test-retest reliability for mean supplement intake over the past 10 years, with intraclass correlations ranging from 0.69 for beta-carotene to 0.87 for vitamin E. Pearson's correlation coefficients comparing current supplemental intakes from the questionnaire and interviews/label transcriptions were high, ranging from 0.58 for beta-carotene to 0.82 for chromium; however, for some nutrients, median intakes from the questionnaire were slightly lower than from the interviews. Beta-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) showed clear linear trends of increasing blood concentrations with higher self-reported supplemental intakes (Pearson's correlation coefficients adjusted for potential confounding factors and diet = 0.31, 0.29, and 0.69, respectively; all p < 0.0001). Creatinine-adjusted spot urinary calcium values were not associated with supplemental calcium intakes (Pearson's r = -0.07). This self-administered questionnaire demonstrated high reproducibility and validity for collecting detailed information on supplement use.
Characterization of the Conditioned Medium from Amniotic Membrane Cells: Prostaglandins as Key Effectors of Its Immunomodulatory Activity (2012)

We previously demonstrated that cells isolated from the mesenchymal region of the human amniotic membrane (human amniotic mesenchymal tissue cells, hAMTC) possess immunoregulatory roles, such as inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, and suppression of generation and maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells, as reported for MSC from other sources. The precise factors and mechanisms responsible for the immunoregulatory roles of hAMTC remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify the soluble factors released by hAMTC and responsible for the anti-proliferative effect on lymphocytes, and the mechanisms underlying their actions, in vitro. Conditioned medium (CM) was prepared under routine culture conditions from hAMTC (CM-hAMTC) and also from fragments of the whole human amniotic membrane (CM-hAM). We analyzed the thermostability, chemical nature, and the molecular weight of the factors likely responsible for the anti-proliferative effects. We also evaluated the participation of cytokines known to be involved in the immunomodulatory actions of MSC from other sources, and attempted to block different synthetic pathways. We demonstrate that the inhibitory factors are temperature-stable, have a small molecular weight, and are likely of a non-proteinaceous nature. Only inhibition of cyclooxygenase pathway partially reverted the anti-proliferative effect, suggesting prostaglandins as key effector molecules. Factors previously documented to take part in the inhibitory effects of MSCs from other sources (HGF, TGF-β, NO and IDO) were not involved. Furthermore, we prove for the first time that the anti-proliferative effect is intrinsic to the amniotic membrane and cells derived thereof, since it is manifested in the absence of stimulating culture conditions, as opposed to MSC derived from the bone marrow, which possess an anti-proliferative ability only when cultured in the presence of activating stimuli. Finally, we show that the amniotic membrane could be an interesting source of soluble factors, without referring to extensive cell preparation.
Some issues of role-based collaboration (2004)

Roles are a powerful concept for facilitating distributed systems management. It has been accepted as a good solution for information sharing based on the research of KB AC (role-based access control). Although no explicit roles are declared in traditional CSCW (computer-supported-cooperative work) systems, there are implicit roles granted in the design. Consequently, we may infer that "without roles, there would be no collaboration". There is, however, a lack of specific, comprehensive research on building collaborative systems with role management and on role-based methods that have been successfully used in access control. This paper aims to clarify the basic problems related to the research of role-based collaboration and to propose a basic method to do that research.
Speeding-up I/sub DDQ/ measurements (2003)

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new I/sub DDQ/ measurement technique based on active successive approximations, named ASA-I/sub DDQ/. This technique has unique features allowing to speed-up I/sub DDQ/ measurement. Experimental results suggests that a significant speed-up factor can be obtained over the QuiC-Mon technique.
Resistance to beta-lactams in Mycobacterium fortuitum (1992)

It is widely assumed that the high level of intrinsic resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics exhibited by mycobacteria results from the combination of factors including permeability to the drugs, beta-lactamase production, and affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). We conducted an evaluation of the second and third factors by isolating nitrosoguanidine-induced mutants from the beta-lactamase-producing strain Mycobacterium fortuitum ATCC 19542 that displayed either elevated or reduced resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. The mutants studied included D1 (a beta-lactamase producer with high penicillin resistance), gamma 27 (a low-level beta-lactamase producer with low penicillin resistance), and D316 (a high-level beta-lactamase producer with high penicillin resistance). In all strains examined, four major PBPs, named 1, 2a, 2b, and 3, with apparent molecular weights of 102,000, 90,000, 87,000, and 50,000, respectively, were found. The MICs of various beta-lactams toward ATCC 19542 and its mutants were considered in the context of beta-lactamase production, the quantity of PBPs synthesized, and their affinities for beta-lactam antibiotics. The data obtained show that beta-lactamase production is likely to be an important factor in the expression of resistance by clinical isolates and that PBP alterations can contribute to resistance at least in laboratory-derived mutants.
FAST SOURCE-FINGERPRINTING ANALYSIS FOR OIL SPILL RESPONSE (1995)

ABSTRACT Source identification of spilled petroleum during incidents is a crucial piece of information required for response activities. The need for rapid, accurate assessment is essential at the onset of a spill to determine the extent and impacts of the incident. This necessity for speed becomes less important as cleanup progresses. Current fingerprinting methods utilize gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) and have become an important analytical tool because of high selectivity and compound specificity. Disadvantages include time requirements for sample preparation and analysis in addition to the use of soon-to-be-banned chlorinated solvents. Sample analyses may require up to eight hours a sample when using standard techniques. We are currently developing methods to reduce the turnaround time by alternate sample preparation and rapid analysis; primarily through use of thermal extraction and short, narrow-bore capillary columns. This technique can greatly reduce analysis time without sacrificing important chromatographic information. Samples from recent oil spills were compared by standard GC/MS fingerprinting to the fast chromatographic method developed in our laboratory. The identification clarity capability of the faster method is shown by the inclusion of various characteristic biomarkers—such as the more resistant, yet toxic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, geological biomarker triterpanes and steranes, as well as compounds indicative of weathering and degradation stages.