gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Somatostatinand Prosomatostatin Immunoreactive Nerve Fibers in the Bovine Pineal Gland (1992)

An immunohistochemical study of the bovine pineal gland was performed by using polyclonal rabbit antisera raised against synthetic peptide fragments corresponding to the amino acid sequences of somatostatin-14, somatostatin-28, somatostatin-28 (1-12), and prosomatostatin (20-36). Immunoreactive nerve fibers were demonstrated in the pineal gland with all four antisera. The nerve fibers were located throughout the gland, both perivascularly and intraparenchymally, with the highest density of fibers in the proximal part, close to the pineal stalk. A number of immunoreactive nerve fibers were also found in the habenular area and stria medullaris projections. Some of the fibers in the stria medullaris projections could be followed into the pineal gland via the rostral part of the pineal stalk. A few immunoreactive nerve fibers were present in posterior commissure, in the subcommissural organ and pretectal area. Thus, the present study shows that the bovine pineal gland is innervated by nerve fibers containing all four sequences of prosomatostatin. The anatomical location of the somatostatin-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the bovine pineal gland indicates that the perikarya of some of these nerve fibers are located in the brain.
A General Synthesis of Benzoazepinoindoles – A New Class of Heterocycles (2019)

A new class of heterocyclic compounds, namely the benzoazepinoindolones, has been synthesised through a base-catalysed cyclisation reaction of 1,4-bis(2-aminophenyl)-2-phenylbutane-1,4-dione derivatives and features the prominent seven-membered azepine ring moiety. This synthesis has considerable scope for the rapid generation of more complex structures and is inexpensive and generally applicable.
Excitability and coherence resonance in passively Q-switched diode lasers (2000)

A passively Q-switched laser produces regular pulses above threshold. Here we show that this type of laser, described by the Yamada model, exhibits excitability below threshold. There is a stable equilibrium, the off-solution, from which the system can be triggered by a sufficiently large, but small perturbation, to produce a single pulse after which it settles back to the off-solution. In order to study possible applications, such as pulse reshaping and clock recovery, we consider the reaction of the laser to a triggering input pulse. Furthermore, we demonstrate that when the laser is subjected to injected optical noise below threshold it reacts by producing a train of pulses, whose coherence is maximal and, equivalently, the normalized jitter is minimal for a particular noise level. This shows that the Yamada model with optically injected noise constitutes an example of all-optical coherence resonance.
Elevated expression of DNA ligase I in human cancers. (2001)

The presence of DNA ligase I at higher levels in human tumors than in benign normal tissues and normal peripheral lymphocytes suggests DNA ligase I plays more of a role in proliferating cells than in resting cells. These results, together with our finding that DNA ligase I antisense ODNs can suppress tumor cell proliferation, warrant the design and testing of human DNA ligase I inhibitors as new anticancer agents.
Design and robustness improvement of high‐performance LNA using 0.15 μm GaN technology for X‐band applications (2022)

Summary In this paper, we present a highly robust GaN‐based X ‐band low‐noise amplifier (LNA) showing promising small‐signal and noise performance as well as good linearity. The LNA is fabricated using in‐house 0.15 μm AlGaN/GaN on a SiC HEMT process. Owing to the optimum choice of HEMT topologies and simultaneous matching technique, LNA achieves a noise figure better than 2 dB, output power at 1 dB gain compression higher than 19 dB, input and output reflection coefficients better than −9 and −11 dB, respectively. The small‐signal gain of LNA is more than 19 dB for the whole band, and NF has a minimum of 1.74 dB at 10.2 GHz. LNA obtains an OIP3 up to 34.2 dBm and survives input power as high as 42 dBm. Survivability is investigated in terms of gain compression and forward gate current. Reverse recovery time (RRT), a crucial parameter for radar front‐ends, is explored with respect to the RC time constant and trap phenomenon. The analysis shows that the significant contribution in RRT is due to traps while the RC time constant is in the nanoseconds range. Moreover, this study also addresses the requirement and choice of a DC gate feed resistor for the subsequent stages in a multi‐stage design. The size of the designed LNA chip is 3 mm 1.2 mm only.
Human WIPI‐1 puncta‐formation: A novel assay to assess mammalian autophagy (2007)

Autophagy depends on the activity of phosphoinositide-3 kinase class III to generate PI(3)P. We identified the human WIPI protein family of PI(3)P-binding factors and showed that WIPI-1 (Atg18) is linked to autophagy in human cells. Induction of autophagy by rapamycin, gleevec, thapsigargin and amino acid deprivation led to an accumulation of WIPI-1 at LC3-positive membrane structures (WIPI-1 puncta-formation), suggested to represent autophagosomal isolation membranes. WIPI-1 puncta-formation is inhibited by wortmannin and LY294002, and PI(3)P-binding-deficient WIPI-1 is puncta-formation-incompetent. Quantification of WIPI-1 puncta should be suitable to assay mammalian autophagy.
Analysis of HPV 16 early protein antibodies and identification of patients at high risk for HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer in the prospective cohort of the Hamburg City Health Study (2020)

Introduction In Germany, the HPV-attributable fraction in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) has been rising constantly over the last decades. Although epidemiological and molecular evidence supports a causal role of HPV, mainly type 16, in OPC, we still have limited understanding of how oncogenic oral HPV infections progress into cancer. Thus, early detection of HPV-driven OPC remains challenging. Antibodies to HPV16 early proteins, especially E6, are strongly associated with incident but also prospective HPV-OPC. Within a prospective epidemiological cohort we analyzed HPV16 serum antibodies to identify patients at high risk for HPV-driven OPC.
The Need for Cooperation and Relaying in Short-Range High Path Loss Sensor Networks (2007)

This paper focuses on the energy efficiency of communication in small-scale sensor networks experiencing high path loss. In particular, a sensor network on the human body or BASN is considered. The energy consumption or network lifetime of a single-hop network and a multi-hop network are compared. We derive a propagation model and a radio model for communication along the human body. Using these models, energy efficiency was studied analytically for a line and a tree topology. Calculations show that single-hop communication is inefficient, especially for nodes far away from the sink. There however, multi-hop proves to be more efficient but closer to the sink hotspots arise. Based on these findings, we propose to exploit the performance difference by either introducing extra nodes in the network, i.e. dedicated relay devices, or by using a cooperative approach or by a combination of both. We show that these solutions increase the network lifetime significantly.
[ONN]-type amine pyridine(s) phenolate-based oxovanadium(v) catalysts for ethylene homo- and copolymerization (2014)

A series of oxovanadium(V) complexes containing amine pyridine(s) phenolate ligands [ONN] (2a-f) have been synthesized in high yields (68-83%) by reacting VO(O(n)Pr)3 with 1.0 equiv. of the ligands in CH2Cl2. These complexes were characterized by (1)H, (13)C and (51)V NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. X-ray structural analysis for 2a, 2c and 2d revealed that these complexes adopt a six-coordinate distorted octahedral geometry around the vanadium center in the solid state. Upon treatment with Et2AlCl and CCl3COOEt, these complexes displayed high catalytic activities for ethylene polymerization even at elevated reaction temperatures, depending on ligand structures. The resulting polymers possessed high molecular weight and unimodal molecular weight distributions, indicative of the formation of a single catalytically active species during the polymerization catalysis. Excitingly, these vanadium(V) complexes could efficiently promote ethylene/norbornene copolymerization. The observed catalytic activity for the copolymerization was higher than that for ethylene homopolymerization. Moreover, the molecular weights of the resulting copolymers increased upon increasing the norbornene feed. These results indicated that introducing a suitable amount of norbornene into the system not only could accelerate the polymerization rate but also could restrain chain transfer reactions to some extent.
Amount of spontaneous apoptosis detected by Bax/Bcl-2 ratio predicts outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (2003)

The inability to undergo apoptosis is a crucial mechanism of multidrug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and the analysis of mitochondrial apoptotic proteins may represent a significant prognostic tool to predict outcome. Bcl-2 and Bax oncoproteins were evaluated in 255 de novo AML patients (pts) by flow cytometry using an anti-bcl-2 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) and an anti-bax MoAb. The results were expressed as an index (bax/bcl-2) obtained by dividing bax mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and bcl-2 MFI. Lower bax/bcl-2 ratio was associated with French-American-British (FAB) M0-M1 classes (P =.000 01) and CD34 more than 20% (P <.000 01). There were striking inverse correlations between CD34 or CD117 MFI and bax/bcl-2 values (r = -.40, P <.000 001 and r = -.29, P =.000 002), confirming that immaturity is consistent with this index. Moreover, lower bax/bcl-2 levels were correlated with poor-risk cytogenetics (P =.0002). A significant higher complete remission (CR) rate was found in pts with higher bax/bcl-2 levels (79% versus 45%; P =.000 01). Also, both a longer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were observed in pts with higher bax/bcl-2 levels (P =.000 01 and =.019). Noteworthy, bax/bcl-2 levels accurately predicted the clinical response and outcome of pts with normal or unknown cytogenetics. Indeed, within this subset of 147 pts, higher bax/bcl-2 ratio was significantly associated both with a higher CR rate (86% versus 42%; P <.000 01) and a longer OS (P =.0016). The independent prognostic value of bax/bcl-2 ratio was confirmed in multivariate analysis. Therefore, mitochondrial oncoproteins, such as bcl-2 and bax, represent both sensitive indicators of clinical outcome and potential targets of novel proapoptotic molecules in order to circumvent chemoresistance.
Autonomous Visual Detection of Defects from Battery Electrode Manufacturing (2022)

The increasing global demand for high‐quality and low‐cost battery electrodes poses major challenges for battery cell production. As mechanical defects on the electrode sheets have an impact on the cell performance and their lifetime, inline quality control during electrode production is of high importance. Correlation of detected defects with process parameters provides the basis for optimization of the production process and thus enables long‐term reduction of reject rates, shortening of the production ramp‐up phase, and maximization of equipment availability. To enable automatic detection of visually detectable defects on electrode sheets passing through the process steps at a speed of 9 m s −1 , a You‐Only‐Look‐Once architecture (YOLO architecture) for the identification of visual detectable defects on coated electrode sheets is demonstrated within this work. The ability of the quality assurance (QA) system developed herein to detect mechanical defects in real time is validated by an exemplary integration of the architecture into the electrode manufacturing process chain at the Battery Lab Factory Braunschweig.
Development of piezoelectric-based membranes for synthetic jet actuators: experiments and modeling (2016)

A mathematical model was developed to represent the behavior of circular piezoelectric bimorphs in a synthetic jet actuator. Synthetic jet actuators are popular active flow control devices whose application is being widely explored in aerodynamics. The material properties were matched to those of PZT-5A mounted on a substrate. The actuator’s geometry consisted of a cylindrical cavity of low height to diameter aspect ratio. A bimorph formed one of the cylinder’s bases. The ingestion/expulsion orifice for the synthetic jet actuator was placed in the edge of the cavity so as to allow for either the present single bimorph or future dual bimorph configurations. Simply supported and rigidly supported boundary conditions were assessed around the circumference of the bimorph. The potential of alternate mode shapes occurring in the bimorphs during operation of the synthetic jet was evaluated. A limited parametric study was conducted varying the thickness of the piezoelectric wafers used in the bimorphs and the geometry of the cavity and orifice. Results were obtained for the displacement of the center of the bimorph’s surface and the peak velocity of the air being ingested and expulsed through the orifice. These results were compared to values obtained through a mathematical model. Experimental data present in literature were also compared. The mathematical model was seen to have considerable potential for predicting the performance of synthetic jet actuators and their resonant frequencies but failed to capture the effects of acoustic coupling with the cavity, which is a topic of future research.
Cyclic meso-ionic compounds. Part 23. Novel chemistry of 1,2,4-thiadiazoles and their transformation into meso-ionic 1,2,4-thiadiazolium derivatives (1984)

Representatives of two new classes of meso-ionic heterocycles have been synthesised, the 1,2,4-thiadi-azolium-3-olate (8) and the 1,2,4-thiadiazolium-3-tosylaminide(25). The reactions of 1,2,4-thiadiazoles and nucleophiles follow two general pathways: (i) reductive transformation to N-thiobenzoyl derivatives and (ii) elimination of elemental sulphur and the formation of N-benzoyl derivatives. A mechanistic rationale is proposed for the operation of pathways (i) and (ii). Earlier views on the oxidative formation of certain 1,2,4-thiadiazoles are corrected. A novel synthetic route to heterocycles containing sulphur–nitrogen bonds is described. 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles are formed by oxidation of N-thiobenzoylureas and N-thiobenzoylguanidines by bis(4-methoxyphenyl) telluroxide.
Measuring Preferences for Health Care Interventions Using Conjoint Analysis: An Application to HIV Testing (2002)

The method of conjoint analysis enabled us to estimate utilities for specific attributes of HIV tests as well as the overall utility obtained from various HIV tests, including tests that are under consideration but not yet available. Conjoint analysis offers an approach that can be useful for measuring and understanding the value of other health care goods, services, and interventions.
Evaluation of nanoparticle-encapsulated outer membrane proteins for the control of Campylobacter jejuni colonization in chickens (2013)

Numerous vaccination strategies have been evaluated to develop effective vaccines against Campylobacter jejuni colonization in poultry but with limited success. The following experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of biodegradable and biocompatible poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticle (NP) encapsulated outer membrane proteins (OMP) of C. jejuni. Chickens were vaccinated with different routes [subcutaneous (s/c) or oral] and doses (25, 125, or 250 µg) of candidate nanoparticle vaccine with appropriate control groups. Serum and cloacal fecal samples were taken at regular intervals of time, and the birds were euthanized 7 d postchallenge with C. jejuni. The results were interpreted based on anti-OMP immunoglobulin response in chicken and intestinal colonization of C. jejuni. The C. jejuni colonization in cecal and cloacal contents at 7 d postchallenge was below the detection limit in the s/c vaccinated groups, but the other groups demonstrated varying degrees of colonization. The serum IgA was higher in the group vaccinated s/c with OMP only compared with the rest of the groups. The serum- and fecal-IgY titers were consistently higher in the s/c vaccinated groups (with or without NP) than the rest of the groups. Elevated levels of OMP specific serum antibodies correlated with below the limit of detection levels of Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens receiving 125 μg of OMP alone and the OMP+NP vaccine s/c. In conclusion, the s/c route of vaccination with or without NP encapsulated OMP of C. jejuni may serve as a candidate vaccine for control of C. jejuni colonization in chickens.
Zinc Loss in Sweat of Athletes Exercising in Hot and Neutral Temperatures (1993)

Zinc (Zn) loss from sweat of 9 male and 9 female athletes exercising under hot (35 degrees C, HE) and neutral (25 degrees C, NE) conditions was examined. Subjects exercised at 50% VO2max on a cycle ergometer for 1 hr during each trial. Cell-free sweat samples were analyzed for Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. There was a significant interaction of time, gender, and temperature for whole-body sweat rates (WBSR). WBSR for males were higher during both trials and at each time. WBSR from the second half of exercise were higher than those from the first half for both sexes and temperature conditions. Sweat Zn concentration was higher in the NE than in the HE, but when the sweat rates were included, the rate of Zn loss was no different between HE and NE. Zn concentration of the sweat for the first half of exercise was over twice that of the second half. Sweat Zn concentration of the men was no different than that of the women; however, due to greater sweat rate, men had significantly higher Zn losses. Although total Zn losses are estimated to be relatively low compared to the RDA, exercise at moderate intensities may increase surface Zn losses.
Mining client-side activity for personalization (2003)

"Garbage in. garbage out" is a well-known phrase in computer analysis, and one that comes to mind when mining Web data to draw conclusions about Web users. The challenge is that data analysts wish to infer patterns of client-side behavior from server-side data. However, because only a fraction of the user's actions ever reach the Web server, analysts must rely on incomplete data. In this paper, we propose a client-side monitoring system that is unobtrusive and supports flexible data collection. Moreover, the proposed framework encompasses client-side applications beyond the Web browser. Expanding monitoring beyond the browser to incorporate standard office productivity tools enables analysts to derive a much richer and more accurate picture of user behavior on the Web.
Optimization of near-infrared laser tissue welding of porcine cornea: a Monte Carlo-aided dosimetry study (2005)

Monte Carlo simulations were performed to delineate the role of local fluence rates and absorption in histologic success and tensile strength analysis of laser welding of ocular corneal tissue using an erbium fiber laser system operating at 1455nm wavelength. Porcine cornea was used for in vitro welding, while varying power, scan time, and irradiance. Immediate histologic analysis was performed, as well as tensile strength studies. Simulations were performed using MCML code, with a total of 10<sup>9</sup> photons started. CONV code was used to convolve the output from MCML for a flat photon beam of 80-800 &#956; focal spot size and power specified by the experiment. The absorption coefficient, &#956;a, was assumed to reflect that of water, 28.6 cm<sup>-1</sup>. The scattering coefficient, &#956;s, and anisotropy factor, g, were both neglected due to the poor scattering capabilities of water in the wavelength of the laser beam. Fluence rates were determined and were within 0.3%-4% of surface dose calculations for a beam diameter of 80 &#956;. Interactive Data Language (IDL) was used to sum the dose for one convolved beam to an experiment with multiple scans across the porcine cornea. Achieving optimal usage of the laser system requires maximal use of the variables (power, scan patterns, scan time, irradiance) available to use, and the correlation between Monte Carlo-aided dosimetry and the histopathological and tensile strength studies was performed. Optimal parameters for use in this 1455 nm laser system can be studied, and will allow users the ability to predict histology scores of welding success and tissue injury based on absorption values. These results can refine our experience with laser tissue welding of porcine cornea and aid in determining optimal delivered dose for successful tissue apposition and minimal adverse thermal heating.
IMU In-Motion Alignment Without Benefit of Attitude Initialization (1997)

Establishment of local-level wander azimuth navigation and body reference frames for an inertial navigation system (INS) based on outputs of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) without the use of initial attitude information is addressed. These frames are established using a Kalman filter algorithm implemented with an INS system error model formulated for large heading errors and using position measurement updates. Only position and velocity in a geographic reference frame are used for initialization of the INS navigation equations. This data is available from GPS receivers; however, in this paper, an aircraft navigation system's data is used instead to demonstrate the alignment performance using data from actual flight tests.
Low energy electron diffraction using an electronic delay-line detector (2006)

A low energy electron diffraction (LEED) instrument incorporating a delay line detector has been constructed to rapidly collect high-quality digital LEED images with low total electron exposures. The system uses a position-sensitive pulse-counting detector with high bias current microchannel plates. This delay-line detector combined with a femtoampere electron gun offers a wide range of flexibility, with electron dosing currents ranging from 0.15pAto0.3fA. Using the highest current setting and collecting 1×106 counts per image, individual LEED images can be completed in 4s with an acquisition rate of 250kHz and a total electron exposure of 5×106 electrons. Under the latter conditions, images can be collected in 20min with an acquisition rate of 1kHz with a total electron exposure of 2×106 electrons. An angular width of 0.13° at 108eV is demonstrated, which means that domain sizes as large as 600Å can be resolved, depending on the surface quality of the crystal. The system electronics collect 2048×2048pixel images with a spatial resolution of about 75μm. The dynamic range of this system is 32bits∕pixel (limited only by physical memory). The construction of the detector results in a “plus”-shaped artifact, which requires that, for a given sample orientation, two images be taken at a relative angle of 45°. Identical current-voltage curves from an MgO(111)1×1H terminated sample, taken during several hours of exposure to the low current electron beam, demonstrate minimal electron induced H desorption.