gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a short-circuit fault tolerant permanent magnet machine for aircraft application (2016)

With the advent of more electric aircraft, the use of electrical actuators instead of hydraulic and pneumatic ones becomes necessary. Those actuators must be fault tolerant in order to ensure the continuity of service even in a faulty operating. In this paper, we will proceed to a constrained design of a Double Star Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine tolerant to certain faults in healthy and faulty operating. First, we present the sizing of this machine and the strategy adopted in the case of an IGBT short-circuit. Then, modeling of a such machine is detailed. Finally, the performances of this fault-tolerant machine in healthy and faulty conditions are discussed. The analysis of results allows to assess the relevance of the adopted strategy and its limits.
Dichomine, a Novel Type of Iboga Alkaloid*,** (1983)

From the leaves of TABERNAEMONTANA DICHOTOMA and the leaves and twigs of T. EGLANDULOSA a new alkaloid was isolated which was assigned structure 1 on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.
Active Learning, Control Theory, and Agricultural Policy (1978)

Abstract In the evaluation of key agricultural policies, a number of critical uncertainties arise for which little in the way of empirical evidence has been accumulated. The typical departmentalization within the agricultural economics profession fails to offer any hope of properly assessing these uncertainties. One approach that integrates the separate tasks of system analysis, econometric estimation, optimization and more pragmatic data collection and summarization efforts is adaptive control. This framework effectively combines the characteristics of dynamic systems, uncertainties, and the active accumulation of information. Implications are drawn for potentially rewarding applications in agricultural and natural resource economics.
Variable pivot seesaw actuated RF MEMS switch for reconfigurable system application (2007)

A DC contact series MEMS switch for reconfigurable antenna system application is designed, fabricated, and its RF characteristics are measured. Variable pivot seesaw concept is applied because this design minimize the driving voltage and prevent stiction of membrane. The proposed switch structure is fabricated on the Si wafer, a coplanar waveguide(CPW) signal lines and electrodes are fabricated on the glass wafer. Both wafer are bonded by anodic bonding method. The designed chip size is within 2 mmx2 mm and it is actuated by electrostatic force. Low actuation voltage has been achieved by means of small distance between signal line and membrane using the design scheme, switching is executed in the pull-in range. Minimum actuation voltage is about 10-12 V, isolation is around 50 dB and insertion loss is about 0.25 dB at 2 GHz.
Crystal lattice desolvation effects on the magnetic quantum tunneling of single-molecule magnets (2009)

High-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) and alternating current (ac) susceptibility measurements are reported for a new high-symmetry ${\text{Mn}}_{12}$ complex, $[{\text{Mn}}_{12}{\text{O}}_{12}{({\text{O}}_{2}{\text{CCH}}_{3})}_{16}{({\text{CH}}_{3}\text{OH})}_{4}]\ensuremath{\cdot}{\text{CH}}_{3}\text{OH}$. The results are compared to those of other high-symmetry spin $S=10\text{ }{\text{Mn}}_{12}$ single-molecule magnets (SMMs), including the original acetate, $[{\text{Mn}}_{12}{({\text{O}}_{2}{\text{CCH}}_{3})}_{16}{({\text{H}}_{2}\text{O})}_{4}]\ensuremath{\cdot}2{\text{CH}}_{3}{\text{CO}}_{2}\text{H}\ensuremath{\cdot}4{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$, and the $[{\text{Mn}}_{12}{\text{O}}_{12}{({\text{O}}_{2}{\text{CCH}}_{2}\text{Br})}_{16}{({\text{H}}_{2}\text{O})}_{4}]\ensuremath{\cdot}4{\text{CH}}_{2}{\text{Cl}}_{2}$ and $[{\text{Mn}}_{12}{\text{O}}_{12}{({\text{O}}_{2}{\text{CCH}}_{2}{\text{Bu}}^{t})}_{16}{({\text{CH}}_{3}\text{OH})}_{4}]\ensuremath{\cdot}{\text{CH}}_{3}\text{OH}$ complexes. These comparisons reveal important insights into the factors that influence the values of the effective barrier to magnetization reversal, ${U}_{eff}$, deduced on the basis of ac susceptibility measurements. In particular, we find that variations in ${U}_{eff}$ can be correlated with the degree of disorder in a crystal which can be controlled by desolvating (drying) samples. This highlights the importance of careful sample handling when making measurements on SMM crystals containing volatile lattice solvents. The HFEPR data additionally provide spectroscopic evidence suggesting that the relatively weak disorder induced by desolvation influences the quantum tunneling interactions and that it is under-barrier tunneling that is responsible for a consistent reduction in ${U}_{eff}$ that is found upon drying samples. Meanwhile, the axial anisotropy deduced from HFEPR is found to be virtually identical for all four ${\text{Mn}}_{12}$ complexes, with no measurable reduction upon desolvation.
High-resolution bathymetric simulations based on Kirchhoff scattering theory and anisotropic seafloor modeling (2002)

The bathymetric resolution of the seafloor map generated from multibeam or sidescan echo-sounder systems can be improved with various signal processing methods. In order to evaluate the accuracy and resolution performance of such techniques, the authors developed a realistic sonar simulation and seafloor modeling environment by merging the Kirchhoff scattering theory with the anisotropic seafloor parameterization of Goff and Jordan (1988). Multibeam sonar simulations utilizing the above environment, in combination with an eigenanalysis (e.g. MUSIC) power spectral estimation method for beamforming were carried out to obtain high-resolution bathymetry.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Processing of 3′-Phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA Double Strand Breaks by Artemis Nuclease (2006)

The Artemis nuclease is required for V(D)J recombination and for repair of an as yet undefined subset of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks. To assess the possibility that Artemis acts on oxidatively modified double strand break termini, its activity toward model DNA substrates, bearing either 3'-hydroxyl or 3'-phosphoglycolate moieties, was examined. A 3'-phosphoglycolate had little effect on Artemis-mediated trimming of long 3' overhangs (> or =9 nucleotides), which were efficiently trimmed to 4-5 nucleotides. However, 3'-phosphoglycolates on overhangs of 4-5 bases promoted Artemis-mediated removal of a single 3'-terminal nucleotide, while at least 2 nucleotides were trimmed from identical hydroxyl-terminated substrates. Artemis also efficiently removed a single nucleotide from a phosphoglycolate-terminated 3-base 3' overhang, while leaving an analogous hydroxyl-terminated overhang largely intact. Such removal was completely dependent on DNA-dependent protein kinase and ATP and was largely dependent on Ku, which markedly stimulated Artemis activity toward all 3' overhangs. Together, these data suggest that efficient Artemis-mediated cleavage of 3' overhangs requires a minimum of 2 nucleotides, or a nucleotide plus a phosphoglycolate, 3' to the cleavage site, as well as 2 unpaired nucleotides 5' to the cleavage site. Shorter 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated overhangs and blunt ends were also processed by Artemis but much more slowly. Consistent with a role for Artemis in repair of terminally blocked double strand breaks in vivo, human cells lacking Artemis exhibited hypersensitivity to x-rays, bleomycin, and neocarzinostatin, which all induce 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated double strand breaks.
Methyl 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylate (2017)

In the structure of methyl 5-methyl-2-pyrazinecarboxylate, C 7 H 8 N 2 O 2 , the non-H atoms of the molecule are nearly planar, with a dihedral angle of 5.4 (1)° between the plane of the pyrazine ring and the plane defined by C—C(O)—O. In the crystal, molecules are linked via C—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to (100).
Nonlinear response of quantum well infrared photodetectors under low-background and low-temperature conditions (2000)

Quantum well IR photodetectors (QWIPs) have been pro- posed for use in space-based sensing applications. These space sys- tems place stringent performance requirements on IR detectors due to low-irradiance environments and the associated requirement for low- temperature operation. We demonstrate that under these conditions, the responsivity of a QWIP detector depends on frequency and that the shape of the frequency response varies with operational conditions. This nonlinear frequency response is empirically similar to dielectric relax- ation effects observed in bulk extrinsic silicon and germanium photocon- ductors under similar operational conditions. Radiometric characteriza- tion data demonstrate how the frequency response varies with temperature, photon irradiance, and bias voltage. These data also show that at low irradiances and temperatures, the detector response is ex- tremely slow, with response times on the order of seconds. The perfor- mance of the QWIP detector is described using standard figures of merit including responsivity, noise, and specific detectivity (D*). We also de- scribe the performance of an IR focal plane array (IRFPA) made with QWIP detectors, under operational conditions that result in long re- sponse times. The dependence of this time constant on photon irradi- ance and operating temperature is also described. © 2000 Society of Photo- Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(00)02410-7)
Analysis of the Effect of QoS on Video Conferencing QoE (2019)

Network service providers tend to focus on the quality of service (QoS) they provide to their customers. This entails analysis of various QoS metrics (such as bandwidth, packet loss and jitter) in order to be able to improve their services. This is a single-dimensional approach to a problem that needs to be analyzed not only from a business improvement perspective but also from a customer satisfaction perspective. QoS metrics do not directly translate to customer experience, which is more qualitative than quantitative. Thus, it is necessary to correlate qualitative metrics that customers relate to with quantitative metrics that can be analyzed and improved upon by service providers. This is a non-trivial problem that needs deeper exploration. In this paper, we attempt to correlate video conferencing QoE (Quality of Experience) with network QoS. In order to do this, we developed a novel Docker image called Lime, to be able to automate the experiments and emulate the network environment. We performed 144 separate video conferences under predefined network handicaps (scenarios). We discovered that bandwidth is directly proportional to the perceived quality of the video implying that higher bandwidth is preferred. On the other hand, frequently fluctuating bandwidth quickly reduced the user-opinion, and also resulted in slower subsequent climb in opinion after a period of high fluctuation. This indicated that steady bandwidth is preferred over irregularly increasing bandwidth. Jitter and packet loss were found to contribute to negative user-opinion as well as low bandwidth. Conversely, increasing jitter and packet loss was mostly forgiven if the bandwidth stayed stable and high. Lime is shown to be a novel tool to fulfill requirements related to video conferencing experiments under pre-defined network scenarios.
POSTFIRE STAND STRUCTURE IN A SEMIARID SAVANNA: CROSS‐SCALE CHALLENGES ESTIMATING BIOMASS (2007)

Algorithms relating remotely sensed woody cover to biomass are often the basis for large-scale inventories of aboveground carbon stocks. However, these algorithms are commonly applied in a generic fashion without consideration of disturbances that might alter vegetation structure. We compared field and remote sensing estimates of woody biomass on savannas with contrasting disturbance (fire) histories and assessed potential errors in estimating woody biomass from cover without considering fire history. Field surveys quantified multilayer cover (MLC) of woody and succulent plants on sites experiencing wildfire in 1989 or 1994 and on nearby unburned (control) sites. Remote sensing estimates of the woody cover fraction (WCF) on burned and control sites were derived from contemporary (2005) dry-season Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery (during a period when herbaceous cover was senescent) using a probabilistic spectral mixture analysis model. Satellite WCF estimates were compared to field MLC assessments and related to aboveground biomass using allometry. Field-based MLC and remotely sensed WCFs both indicated that woody cover was comparable on control areas and areas burned 11-16 years ago. However, biomass was approximately twofold higher on control sites. Canopy cover was a strong predictor of woody biomass on burned and control areas, but fire history significantly altered the linear cover-biomass relationship on control plots to a curvilinear relationship on burned plots. Results suggest predictions of woody biomass from "generic" two-dimensional (2-D) cover algorithms may underestimate biomass in undisturbed stands and overestimate biomass in stands recovering from disturbance. Improving the accuracy of woody-biomass estimates from field and/or remotely sensed cover may therefore require disturbance-specific models or detection of vegetation height and transforming 2-D vegetation cover to 3-D vegetation volume.
Biology of fear in birds: multidisciplinary analysis of a genetic model (2010)

Programme and Abstracts<br/>Programme and Abstracts
An Improved Gamma Interaction Position Estimation using Deep Neural Networks for Resistor Based Multiplexing Circuit (2017)

A resistor based multiplexing circuits such as discretized positioning circuit (DPC) and symmetric charge division have been commonly used to reduce the number of output channels and the associated cost in gamma detectors. However, they can lead to a degradation of image quality as the number of pixels increases because of their nonlinear property. The purpose of this study was to develop deep neural networks (DNNs) fitting algorithm to improve the gamma positioning accuracy of a pixelated detector with a resistor based multiplexing circuit. The detector module was composed of a 12 × 12 crystal array of LYSO with one to one coupling to a 12 × 12 SiPM array and 144:4 resistor based DPC. Acquired training dataset at the center of each pixel with a collimated point source and the (x, y) position was given to each dataset for DNNs fitting target. The DNNs consisted of the first input layers of five nodes and six hidden layers of 144, 48, 36, 24 and 12 nodes at each layer. Last output layers have two nodes that give x and y coordinate. To evaluate the performance of DNNs fitting algorithm using the training dataset, the accuracy of pixel identification and peak-to-valley ratio were calculated at the center and the edges of detector. DNNs fitting algorithm improved the peak-to-valley ratio on the image and the accuracy of pixel identification was also enhanced especially at the detector edges. Average peak-to-valley ratios for x-axis and y-axis were improved by 11 times and 12 times, respectively. Average pixel identification error rates at 32 pixels were improved by 15%. Since the proposed DNN was trained by simple input vectors of 4 channel pulse-peaks, it was applicable to larger input vectors from pulse-shape features to further improve the accuracy of position estimation.
INNOVATIVE CONTACTLESS CHIP CARDS (1998)

Contactless chip cards are passive transponders packaged in a synthetic material similar to a credit card, without the need for physical or visual contact with a reading device. They offer an exceptional level of ease of use and security to passengers.
Artificial Neural Networks Applied to Taxi Destination Prediction (2015)

We describe our first-place solution to the ECML/PKDD discovery challenge on taxi destination prediction. The task consisted in predicting the destination of a taxi based on the beginning of its trajectory, represented as a variable-length sequence of GPS points, and diverse associated meta-information, such as the departure time, the driver id and client information. Contrary to most published competitor approaches, we used an almost fully automated approach based on neural networks and we ranked first out of 381 teams. The architectures we tried use multi-layer perceptrons, bidirectional recurrent neural networks and models inspired from recently introduced memory networks. Our approach could easily be adapted to other applications in which the goal is to predict a fixed-length output from a variable-length sequence.
Effect of pioglitazone on serum concentrations of osteoprotegerin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2010)

In type 2 diabetic patients, pioglitazone decreases OPG levels, and this decrease in OPG levels might be associated with the increase in adiponectin.
To save airlines, surcharge the skies (2008)

Subtitle: A gloomy outlook for the economy coupled with even higher fuel costs in the near-term endangers the already weak financial condition of the airline industry.
Immune reconstitution : immune reconstitution (2002)

In most HIV-infected patients commencing highly active antiretroviral therapy, viral load is reduced and with this subsequent immune restoration begins. Studies have shown that CD4+ T cells increase soon after therapy commencement, with the largest increase occurring in the first 3 months and the increase reducing in the 2nd and 3rd years. Immune reconstitution occurs even in those patients in whom severe immune suppression has occurred.
Low-Volume Toolbox for the Discovery of Immunosuppressive Fungal Secondary Metabolites (2013)

The secondary metabolome provides pathogenic fungi with a plethoric and versatile panel of molecules that can be deployed during host ingress. While powerful genetic and analytical chemistry methods have been developed to identify fungal secondary metabolites (SMs), discovering the biological activity of SMs remains an elusive yet critical task. Here, we describe a process for identifying the immunosuppressive properties of Aspergillus SMs developed by coupling a cost-effective microfluidic neutrophil chemotaxis assay with an in vivo zebrafish assay. The microfluidic platform allows the identification of metabolites inhibiting neutrophil recruitment with as little as several nano-grams of compound in microliters of fluid. The zebrafish assay demonstrates a simple and accessible approach for performing in vivo studies without requiring any manipulation of the fish. Using this methodology we identify the immunosuppressive properties of a fungal SM, endocrocin. We find that endocrocin is localized in Aspergillus fumigatus spores and its biosynthesis is temperature-dependent. Finally, using the Drosophila toll deficient model, we find that deletion of encA, encoding the polyketide synthase required for endocrocin production, yields a less pathogenic strain of A. fumigatus when spores are harvested from endocrocin permissive but not when harvested from endocrocin restrictive conditions. The tools developed here will open new "function-omic" avenues downstream of the metabolomics, identification, and purification phases.
Grade and location of power Doppler are predictive of damage progression in rheumatoid arthritis patients in clinical remission by anti-tumour necrosis factor α (2017)

Higher PD grades and PD in contact with/or penetrating bone are associated with radiographic progression in patients in DAS28 remission.
Preparation of a high-affinity photolabeling reagent for the Gal/GalNAc lectin of mammalian liver: demonstration of galactose-combining sites on each subunit of rabbit hepatic lectin (1986)

On the basis of the knowledge that the D-galactose/N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectin of rabbit liver can tolerate a large group on the C-6 hydroxyl group of a galactoside [Lee, R. T. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 1045-1050], we prepared a high-affinity photolabeling reagent for this lectin from a triantennary glycopeptide fraction of asialofetuin. The C-6 hydroxyl group of a D-galactopyranoside was converted, under mild conditions, into a primary amino group. The procedure involves conversion of the hydroxyl group to an oxo group with galactose oxidase, followed by reductive amination using benzylamine and sodium cyanoborohydride. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of the benzylamino derivative yielded the desired 6-amino-6-deoxy-D-galactoside. A 4-azidobenzoyl group was attached to the newly produced amino group to yield a photoactivatable affinity-labeling reagent. The reagent labeled the Triton-solubilized, purified hepatic lectins of rabbit and rat in a photo- and affinity-dependent manner. All the polypeptide subunits of the lectins were labeled, indicating that each subunit contains at least one D-galactose-combining site. In the case of the rabbit hepatic lectin, the minor subunit (46 kDa) was labeled more efficiently than the major one (40 kDa).
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF THE COMPLEXATION OF TRIMETHYLLEAD BY GLUTATHIONE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION AND IN INTACT HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES (1981)

Abstract Die NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchung der Komplexierung der Titelverbindungen zeigt, daß Trimethylblei(IV) sowohl in wäßriger Lösung als auch in Human‐Erythrozyten stark an die Sulfhydrylgruppe des Glutathions gebunden wird.
A H-bond strategy to develop acid-resistant photoswitchable rhodamine spirolactams for super-resolution single-molecule localization microscopy (2019)

Rhodamine spirolactam based photoswitches have been extensively applied in super-resolution single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). However, the ring-opening reactions of spirolactams are cross-sensitive to acid, limiting their photoswitch use to neutral pH conditions. In addition, the ring-closing reactions of spirolactams are environment-sensitive and slow (up to hours), virtually making rhodamine spirolactams caged fluorescent dyes instead of reversible photoswitches in SMLM. Herein, by introducing hydrogen bonds to stabilize spirolactams, we report a series of acid-resistant rhodamine spirolactams with accelerated ring-closing reactions from fluorescent xanthyliums to non-fluorescent spirolactams, endowing them with good photoswitchable properties even in acidic environments. By further substitution of 6-phenylethynyl naphthalimide on the spirolactam, we shifted the photoactivation wavelength into the visible region (>400 nm). Subsequently, we have successfully applied these dyes in labeling and imaging the cell surface of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> at pH 4.5 using SMLM.
Genetic Test Kits Under Fire (2008)

California has told 13 companies to stop offering genetic tests directly to its residents. The action followed an investigation by state public health officials, who received complaints from consumers about the accuracy and cost of these tests, which are sold over the Internet.
Interactive-rate motion planning for concentric tube robots (2014)

Concentric tube robots may enable new, safer minimally invasive surgical procedures by moving along curved paths to reach difficult-to-reach sites in a patient's anatomy. Operating these devices is challenging due to their complex, unintuitive kinematics and the need to avoid sensitive structures in the anatomy. In this paper, we present a motion planning method that computes collision-free motion plans for concentric tube robots at interactive rates. Our method's high speed enables a user to continuously and freely move the robot's tip while the motion planner ensures that the robot's shaft does not collide with any anatomical obstacles. Our approach uses a highly accurate mechanical model of tube interactions, which is important since small movements of the tip position may require large changes in the shape of the device's shaft. Our motion planner achieves its high speed and accuracy by combining offline precomputation of a collision-free roadmap with online position control. We demonstrate our interactive planner in a simulated neurosurgical scenario where a user guides the robot's tip through the environment while the robot automatically avoids collisions with the anatomical obstacles.