gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Chronic Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Treatment on Leydig Cell Function* (1982)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of chronic daily hCG treatment on interstitial cell function in the rat, as judged by plasma testosterone levels, the testicular binding of labeled hCG, and the capacity of the testis to respond to gonadotropin stimulation by the production of testosterone in vitro. TWenty-four hours after the first injection of 100 IU hCG there was a significant decline in hCG binding to testis homogenates and an inability to respond to hCG stimulation in vitro, After 7 days of daily injections of 10 IU or 100 IU hCG, the loss of hCG binding was maintained. However, despite the marked decline in hCG binding, there was an enhanced testosterone response to hCG stimulation in vitro, and plasma testosterone levels were significantly elevated. With continued injections of hCG for 14 or 21 days, the testes remained hyperresponsive to hCG stimulation in vitro, but hCG binding returned to control levels, and plasma testosterone concentrations declined and were not statistically different from controls. The latter changes probably result from the formation of specific hCG antibodies (Kd at 4 C, 7.8 +/- 4.5 X 10(-10) M) that were detected in plasma from rats treated for 14 or mopre days with hCG. The formation and levels of the hCG antibodies in these animals were sufficient to neutralize the effects of the exogenous hCG, thereby returning plasma testosterone levels to normal and restoring the complement of hCG receptors.
EUV mask line edge roughness (2012)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask fabrication faces many unique challenges, including more stringent line edge roughness (LER) requirements. EUV mask absorber LER will need to be reduced to reliably meet the 2013 International Roadmap for Semiconductors line width roughness target of 3.3 nm. This paper will focus on evaluating resists modified and deployed specifically to reduce LER on EUV masks. Masks will be built, and the final mask absorber LER reported considering multiple imaging and analysis techniques. An assessment of best methods for mask LER analysis will be provided and used to judge resist performance.
Promising Chemical Hybridising Agents Belonging to N-Acylanilines for Wheat (2003)

Vertical intensification through heterosis breeding is one of the most practical options for the acceleration of wheat productivity. This can be possible by the use of chemical hybridising agents (CHAs) for hybrid wheat development. Thirty five analogues of N-acylanilines were synthesized, fully characterised using spectral data and screened as potential CHAs for wheat on three genotypes viz., PBW 343, HD2687 and HD 2733 during 1999–2001. Ethyl oxanilate, ethyl 4’-fluoro oxanilate and ethyl 4’-bromo oxanilate were found to be the most promising CHAs inducing over 90 per cent spikelet sterility at 1500 ppm on the genotypes tested. Thirteen F^hybrids were prepared using ethyl 4’-fluoro oxanilate as test CHA and have shown encouraging primary seed characteristics namely test weight and average seed set per spike.
Natural Gas Supply Shock Propagation: An Agent-Based Approach. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
ChemInform Abstract: IRON PENTACARBONYL‐INDUCED REACTIONS OF NORBORNADIENE AND SUBSTITUTED OLEFINS (1978)

Abstract Norbornadien (I) und einfache Olefine gehen in Gegenwart von Eisenpentacarbonyl unter Bestrahlung und teilweise auch rein thermisch Kupplungsreaktionen ein, denen allen gemeinsam ist, daß C ,C‐Verknüpfungen zum Norbornadien stets von der exo‐Seite her erfolgen.
Recording Single-Unit Data From Acute Cortical Slices On A High-Density (300 electrodes/mm2) 512-Channel Micro-Needle Array (2016)

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Green Propellants Based on Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) (2011)

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) and hydrazine are today widely used as propellants. AP as oxidizer in solid propellants and hydrazine as liquid monopropellant (Brown, 1995; Sutton and Biblarz, 2001). These propellants are well known for their good performance characteristics, but their limitations and liabilities regarding toxicity, operational handling and environmental impact are also well documented. Perchlorate contamination is becoming a more widespread concern in the United States (EPA, 2005). In 2009, a workshop organised by the US Department of Defence identified AP as one of the key environmental, safety and occupational health issues (DoD, 2009). Perchlorate anions (ClO4–) has been found in drinking water supplies throughout the southwestern United States, and perchlorate may be a problem for water supplies in some regions of the USA (Urbansky, 2002). At high concentrations, perchlorate can affect thyroid gland functions, where it is mistakenly taken up in place of iodide. Apart from impacting the thyroid activity in humans, AP forms vast amount of hydrochloric acid on combustion. For instance the space shuttle and the Ariane 5, generates 580 and 270 tons of concentrated hydrochloric acid, respectively, per launch (Wingborg et al., 2008). Hydrazine is highly toxic and carcinogenic (ATSDR, 1997; Ritz et al., 2006), and handling it requires costly safety measures. A less toxic monopropellant is expected to offer substantial cost savings (Bombelli et al., 2003; Palaszewski et al., 1998; Hurlbert et al., 1998). These economic benefits were analysed and quantified in a study funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) and were considered sufficiently large to support interest in the development of hydrazine substitutes and related propulsion hardware (Bombelli et al., 2004). Propellants of the future must not present major hazards to the crew or ground handling personnel. The use of green propellants would greatly reduce the risks associated with toxicity, operational handling complexity, spacecraft contamination, and hazardous contamination of the environment. Green propellants have also shown promise from a system performance and total life cycle cost perspective. One material that has the potential to replace AP as well as hydrazine is ammonium dinitramide (ADN), NH4N(NO2)2.
Carbon-coated silicon nanowire array films for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes (2009)

Carbon-coated silicon nanowire array films prepared by metal catalytic etching of silicon wafers and pyrolyzing of carbon aerogel were used for lithium-ion battery anodes. The films exhibited an excellent first discharge capacity of 3344 mAh g−1 with a Coulombic efficiency of 84% at a rate of 150 mA g−1 between 2 and 0.02 V and a significantly enhanced cycling performance, i.e., a reversible capacity of 1326 mAh g−1 was retained after 40 cycles. These improvements were attributed to the uniform and continuous carbon coatings, which increased electronic contact and conduction and buffered large volume changes during lithium ion insertion/extraction.
Grain Protein Determinants of the Langdon Durum‐dicoccoides Chromosome Substitution Lines (1996)

High grain protein content of durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L.) is important for improved cooking and nutritional quality. The development of a set of ‘Langdon’‐ dicoccoides [LDN(DIC)] chromosome substitution lines offers an opportunity to develop new high protein durum cultivars. The objective of this research was to determine under field conditions the biological reason for the changes in grain protein content. The substitution lines studied included two LDN(DIC‐2A) lines; one each of the LDN(DIC‐4A), LDN(DIC‐4B), and LDN(DIC‐5B) lines; and three LDN(DIC‐6B) lines. The changes in accumulation and partitioning of dry weight (DW) and N as a result of substituting specific DIC chromosomes into LDN durum were consistent across the environments tested. Certain DIC chromosomes altered the accumulation ratio (total plant N/total plant DW), others altered the partitioning ratio (N harvest index/harvest index), and others appeared to alter both ratios to affect grain protein content. The major reason for the lower N contents of the 2A, 4A, and 4B lines was a decreased partitioning ratio, and the major reason for the higher N content of the 5B line was a higher accumulation ratio. The 6B lines were the only lines where the accumulation and partitioning ratios were always equal to or greater than LDN. The three 6B lines varied for the relative importance of changes in the accumulation and partitioning ratios to increase grain N content.
Identification of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐kinase) as Par3 partners by proteomic analysis (2010)

Partition defective 3 (Par3) is involved in a variety of polarity events including establishment of apico-basal polarity of epithelial cell, axon/dendrite specification of neurons and directional migration of cells with front-rear polarity. Par3 is thought to regulate cell polarity as a scaffold protein by interacting with various partner proteins such as Par6, aPKC, Tiam1/2 and Numb. However, the mode of actions of Par3 in polarized migration remains largely unknown. To explore Par3 functions, we screened Par3-interacting proteins by combining Par3 affinity column chromatography and shotgun analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We obtained about two hundred Par3-interacting proteins from the rat brain cytosol fraction. Among them, we focused on FAK and PI3-kinase, as both of them participate in directional cell migration. FAK associated with the PDZ domain and the coiled-coil region of Par3 and p110 of PI3-kinase associated with the coiled-coil region of Par3. Par3 was partially colocalized with FAK in spreading cells. Depletion of Par3 by RNA interference inhibited adhesion-induced activation of FAK and PI3-kinase, and RNA interference-resistant Par3 restored the inhibitory effects. In addition, Par3 was required for the adhesion-induced cell spreading as well as for directional cell migration toward collagen. These results suggest that Par3 directly interacts with FAK and PI3-kinase, enhancing their activities for polarized cell migration.
Magnetic Bio/Nanoreactor with Multilayer Shells of Glucose Oxidase and Inorganic Nanoparticles (2002)

Organized multilayers of nanoparticles (9-, 20-, and 45-nm-diameter silica or 12-nm magnetite) and glucose oxidase (GOx) were assembled in alternation with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes on 420-nm latex particles. Stepwise growth of the multilayer films on latex was confirmed by microelectrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy. The inclusion of silica layers on latex yields a higher surface area, resulting in greater GOx adsorption and thereby increasing the catalytic activity of the bioreactor. The bioactivity was proportional to the core surface area and also to the number of GOx layers in the shells. Also, the presence of magnetic nanoparticles allows self-stirring of the nanoreactors with a rotating magnetic field and enhances its productivity. The ensemble of GOx and fluorescent dyes in the shells demonstrated the correlation between Ru-bpy fluorescence and glucose concentration in solution.
Intensity of the resonance Raman excitation spectra of single-wall carbon nanotubes (2005)

The electron-phonon matrix elements are calculated for the radial breathing mode (RBM) and the $G$-band $A$ symmetry mode of single-wall carbon nanotubes. The RBM intensity decreases with increasing nanotube diameter and chiral angle. The RBM intensity at van Hove singular $k$ points is larger outside the two-dimensional Brillouin zone around the $K$ point than inside the Brillouin zone. For the $G$ band $A$ symmetry mode, the matrix element shows that all semiconducting nanotubes have nonzero LO mode intensity, and the LO mode generally has a larger intensity than the TO mode, while the ratio of the intensity of the LO mode to that of the TO mode decreases with increasing chiral angle. In particular, zigzag nanotubes have zero intensity for the TO mode, and armchair nanotubes have zero intensity for the LO mode. Using the matrix elements thus obtained, the resonance Raman excitation profiles are calculated for nanotube samples under different broadening factor $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ regimes. For semiconducting nanotubes, the excitation profiles for the RBM are consistent with experiments. For metallic nanotubes, a quantum interference effect in the Raman intensity is found for both the RBM and LO modes. For the RBM and LO modes, different kinds of excitation profiles are discussed for nanotube samples in the large and small $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ regimes by considering the electron-phonon matrix element and the trigonal warping effect. For nanotube samples in the large $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ regime, a shift in the energy of the peak in the RBM intensity relative to the corresponding peak in the joint density of states is found.
Remote sensing of crop residue cover and soil tillage intensity (2006)

Management of plant litter or crop residues in agricultural fields is an important consideration for reducing soil erosion and increasing soil organic C. Current methods of quantifying crop residue cover are inadequate for characterizing the spatial variability of residue cover within fields or across large regions. Our objectives were to evaluate several spectral indices for measuring crop residue cover using satellite multispectral and hyperspectral data and to categorize soil tillage intensity in agricultural fields. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and EO-1 Hyperion imaging spectrometer data were acquired over agricultural fields in central Iowa in May and June 2004. Crop residue cover was measured in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max Merr.) fields using line-point transects. Spectral residue indices using Landsat TM bands were weakly related to crop residue cover. With the Hyperion data, crop residue cover was linearly related to the cellulose absorption index (CAI), which measures the relative intensity of cellulose and lignin absorption features near 2100 nm. Coefficients of determination (r2) for crop residue cover as a function of CAI were 0.85 for the May and 0.77 for the June Hyperion data. Three tillage intensity classes, corresponding to intensive (<15% residue cover), reduced (15–30% cover) and conservation (>30% cover) tillage, were correctly identified in 66–68% of fields. Classification accuracy increased to 80–82% for two classes, corresponding to conventional (intensive + reduced) and conservation tillage. By combining information on previous season's (2003) crop classification with crop residue cover after planting in 2004, an inventory of soil tillage intensity by previous crop type was generated for the whole Hyperion scene. Regional surveys of soil management practices that affect soil conservation and soil C dynamics are possible using advanced multispectral or hyperspectral imaging systems.
The contingent valuation method applied to the mining heritage of Extremadura (Spain) (2018)

In this study, the contingent valuation method is used to appraise the value and market potential of mining heritage, serving as a means to evaluate these heritage assets for the society, for the purposes of entertainment, culture or recreation. The method has been applied to the specific case of the region of Extremadura (Spain), an area with a prevalent mining tradition that dates back to prehistoric times, boasting countless mining-related remains of recognised value. Among those vestiges, 20 enclaves were selected for use in this study following research carried out by the Institute of Geology and Mining in Spain. A survey has been used to estimate the public willingness to pay for the conservation, restoration and protection of mining heritage assets that could be visited by both local people and others. Three payment values (7, 13 and 20 euros) were established to classify respondents’ responses and thus estimate the degree of interest expressed in currency units, which were shown by the mining heritage of Extremadura as a possible destination for a tourist trip. While a high percentage (43%) of respondents did not know what the mining heritage is, after the introduction to the survey included in the surveys, it is concluded that most would be willing to pay an amount to visit it. The results reveal a market potential of more than €130 million without bearing in mind the indirect value generated by these resources, underscoring the high value that society attaches to these mining remains.
Tripartite entanglement and quantum relative entropy (2000)

We establish relations between tripartite pure state entanglement and additivity properties of the bipartite relative entropy of entanglement. Our results pertain to the asymptotic limit of local manipulations on a large number of copies of the state. We show that additivity of the relative entropy would imply that there are at least two inequivalent types of asymptotic tripartite entanglement. The methods used include the application of some useful lemmas that enable us to analytically calculate the relative entropy for some classes of bipartite states.
Analysis of the core components of Alzheimer paired helical filaments A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry characterization of fatty acids, carbohydrates and long‐chain bases (1995)

We have carried out a fatty acid and carbohydrate compositional analysis of the protease-resistant core of paired helical filaments (prcPHF) isolated from six Alzheimer's diseased brains. Fatty acids, long-chain bases and monosaccharides were characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of fatty acid methyl esters, trimethylsilylated long-chain bases, peracetylated alditol acetates and trimethylsilyl methyl glycosides. Glucose and mannose were found to be the only carbohydrate components. Four of the six prcPHF samples contained only glucose while the remaining two samples contained between 30-40% mannose in addition to glucose. None of the samples were found to contain either hydroxylated fatty acids or long-chain bases. The average fatty acid profile of prcPHF was highest in stearic (C18:0) and palmitic acids (C16:0) with less than 10% unsaturated fatty acids. By comparing the carbohydrate and lipid composition of prcPHF to similar data for other brain glycolipids, it was determined that prcPHF is a unique glycolipid, distinct from cerebrosides, gangliosides or brain phospholipids. The fatty acid and carbohydrate composition of a glycolipid isolated from a population of normal brains according to the prcPHF protocol was found to be identical to that of prcPHF glycolipid. It is possible that subtle differences in structure or indigenous factors are responsible for the initiation of PHF formation in vivo.
Joint Resource Scheduling And Computation Offloading For Energy Harvesting Communications (2018)

This paper studies the joint optimization of resource<br> scheduling and computation offloading for mobile networks<br> where energy harvesting (EH)-enabled devices are wirelessly<br> connected to nearby base stations (BSs), which can be endowed<br> with some computational capabilities. We consider that a mobile<br> device may run its applications either locally or remotely at<br> its serving base station. We also consider that its applications<br> are strict delay constraints. Our objective is to minimize the<br> packets’ loss due to buffer overflow or delay violation of<br> the queued packets at the mobile device. We formulate this<br> problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and exhibit an<br> optimal deterministic offline scheduling-offloading policy. This<br> policy makes decision on the processing location (either local or<br> offloading) and on the number of processed packets by relying on<br> the knowledge on the current channel, the past data and energy<br> arrivals as well as the harvested energy available in the battery.<br> We show through numerical results that the proposed policy<br> can significantly improve the successfully received packets’ rate<br> and the energy consumption compared to other policies, such as<br> immediate scheduling or only local processing or only offloading<br> policies.
Phenotypic Characterization, Osteoblastic Differentiation, and Bone Regeneration Capacity of Human Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2009)

To enhance the understanding of differentiation patterns and bone formation capacity of hESCs, we determined (1) the temporal pattern of osteoblastic differentiation of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSCs), (2) the influence of a three-dimensional matrix on the osteogenic differentiation of hESC-MSCs in long-term culture, and (3) the bone-forming capacity of osteoblast-like cells derived from hESC-MSCs in calvarial defects. Incubation of hESC-MSCs in osteogenic medium induced osteoblastic differentiation of hESC-MSCs into mature osteoblasts in a similar chronological pattern to human bone marrow stromal cells and primary osteoblasts. Osteogenic differentiation was enhanced by culturing the cells on three-dimensional collagen scaffolds. Fluorescent-activated cell sorting of alkaline phosphatase expressing cells was used to obtain an enriched osteogenic cell population for in vivo transplantation. The identification of green fluorescence protein and expression of human-specific nuclear antigen in osteocytes in newly formed bone verified the role of transplanted human cells in the bone regeneration process. The current cell culture model and osteogenic cell enrichment method could provide large numbers of osteoprogenitor cells for analysis of differentiation patterns and cell transplantation to regenerate skeletal defects.
Liquid metal drop ejection (1993)

The aim of this project was to demonstrate the possibility of ejecting liquid metals using drop on demand printing technology. The plan was to make transducers for operation in the 100 MHz frequency range and to use these transducers to demonstrate the ability to eject drops of liquid metals such as gallium. Two transducers were made by indium bonding piezoelectric lithium niobate to quartz buffer rods. The lithium niobate plates were thinned by mechanical polishing to a thickness of 37 microns for operation at 100 MHz. Hemispherical lenses were polished in the opposite ends of the buffer rods. The lenses, which focus the sound waves in the liquid metal, had an F-number equals 1. A mechanical housing was made to hold the transducers and to allow precise control over the liquid level above the lens. We started by demonstrating the ability to eject drops of water on demand. The drops of water had a diameter of 15 microns which corresponds to the wavelength of the sound wave in the water. A videotape of this ejection was made. We then used a mixture of Gallium and Indium (used to lower the melting temperature of the Gallium) to demonstrate the ejection of liquid metal drops. This proved to be difficult because of the oxide skin which forms on the surface of the liquid. In some instances, we were able to eject metal drops, however, this was not consistent and reproducible. An experiment was set up at NASA-Lewis to stabilize the process of drop on demand liquid metal ejection. The object was to place the transducer and liquid metal in a vacuum station so that no oxide would form on the surface. We were successful in demonstrating that liquid metals could be ejected on demand and that this technology could be used for making sheet metal in space.
DNA‐Modified Diamond Films (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Diamond Transducer Properties Surface Modification of Diamond DNA Molecules on Diamond Sensing of DNA Hybridization Summary and Outlook Acknowledgments References
Advances in modeling and treating spinal muscular atrophy (2016)

Along with the availability of SMN-upregulating drugs, identification of the specific cell types in which SMN deficiency induces the disease and delineation of the window of opportunity for effective treatment are key advances in the ongoing path to SMA therapy.