gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Jasminaldehyde by Solid‐Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysis Without Solvent, Under Microwave Irradiation. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The application of small angle scattering to Bowen Basin coal macerals (1999)

The APOL1 high-risk genotype, present in approximately 13% of blacks in the United States, is a risk factor for kidney function decline in populations with CKD. It is unknown whether genetic screening is indicated in the general population. We evaluated the prognosis of APOL1 high-risk status in participants in the population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, including associations with eGFR decline, variability in eGFR decline, and related adverse health events (AKI, ESRD, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, pre-ESRD and total hospitalization rate, and mortality). Among 15,140 ARIC participants followed from 1987-1989 (baseline) to 2011-2013, 75.3% were white, 21.5% were black/APOL1 low-risk, and 3.2% were black/APOL1 high-risk. In a demographic-adjusted analysis, blacks had a higher risk for all assessed adverse health events; however, in analyses adjusted for comorbid conditions and socioeconomic status, blacks had a higher risk for hypertension, diabetes, and ESRD only. Among blacks, the APOL1 high-risk genotype associated only with higher risk of ESRD in a fully adjusted analysis. Black race and APOL1 high-risk status were associated with faster eGFR decline (P<0.001 for each). However, we detected substantial overlap among the groups: median (10th-90th percentile) unadjusted eGFR decline was 1.5 (1.0-2.2) ml/min per 1.73 m(2) per year for whites, 2.1 (1.4-3.1) ml/min per 1.73 m(2) per year for blacks with APOL1 low-risk status, and 2.3 (1.5-3.5) ml/min per 1.73 m(2) per year for blacks with APOL1 high-risk status. The high variability in eGFR decline among blacks with and without the APOL1 high-risk genotype suggests that population-based screening is not yet justified.
Action of micrococcal nuclease on chemically modified deoxyribonucleic acid (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAction of micrococcal nuclease on chemically modified deoxyribonucleic acidN. W. Y. Ho and P. T. GilhamCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 6, 1082–1087Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00703a004https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00703a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Space-Use Patterns of the Asiatic Wild Ass (Equus hemionus): Complementary Insights from Displacement, Recursion Movement and Habitat Selection Analyses (2015)

The way in which animals move and use the landscape is influenced by the spatial distribution of resources, and is of importance when considering species conservation. We aimed at exploring how landscape-related factors affect a large herbivore's space-use patterns by using a combined approach, integrating movement (displacement and recursions) and habitat selection analyses. We studied the endangered Asiatic wild ass (Equus hemionus) in the Negev Desert, Israel, using GPS monitoring and direct observation. We found that the main landscape-related factors affecting the species' space-use patterns, on a daily and seasonal basis, were vegetation cover, water sources and topography. Two main habitat types were selected: high-elevation sites during the day (specific microclimate: windy on warm summer days) and streambed surroundings during the night (coupled with high vegetation when the animals were active in summer). Distribution of recursion times (duration between visits) revealed a 24-hour periodicity, a pattern that could be widespread among large herbivores. Characterizing frequently revisited sites suggested that recursion movements were mainly driven by a few landscape features (water sources, vegetation patches, high-elevation points), but also by social factors, such as territoriality, which should be further explored. This study provided complementary insights into the space-use patterns of E. hemionus. Understanding of the species' space-use patterns, at both large and fine spatial scale, is required for developing appropriate conservation protocols. Our approach could be further applied for studying the space-use patterns of other species in heterogeneous landscapes.
A new method for the extraction and purification of K99 pili from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and their characterization (1982)

It was found that K99 pili from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (of bovine origin) could be extracted by treatment with 3M-KSCN solution. The K99 pili were purified by preparative isoelectric focusing to apparent homogeneity as judged by the presence of a single band on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis; the molecular weight of this component was calculated to be 12 600 +/- 300. This indicated that the K99 pili were composed of a single subunit. On analytical ultracentrifugation, a single boundary with an s20,w of 12.2 S at a concentration of 0.42 mg/ml was observed. The average length of purified pili at zero concentration was approx. 160 nm and the diameter was 7.4 +/- 0.6 nm. Amino acid analysis of the purified K99 pili revealed that sulphur-containing amino acids, cysteine and methionine, were absent. Aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine, previously reported to be absent [Isaacson (1977) Infect. Immun. 15. 272-279], constituted 7.14% of the total amino acid residues present. On immunoelectrophoresis, purified K99 pili migrated towards the cathode and caused mannose-resistant haemagglutination of horse, but not of sheep or guinea-pig, red blood cells. Pili from enterotoxigenic E. coli of porcine and human origin and from another bacterial species, namely Fusiformis nodosus, could also be extracted by the treatment of respective micro-organisms with 3 M-KSCN.
Improved Planar Amperometric Nitric Oxide Sensor Based on Platinized Platinum Anode. 1. Experimental Results and Theory When Applied for Monitoring NO Release from Diazeniumdiolate-Doped Polymeric Films (2003)

An improved miniature amperometric nitric oxide sensor design with a planar sensing tip (ranging from 150 microm to 2 mm in diameter) is reported. The sensor is fabricated using a platinized platinum anode and a Ag/AgCl cathode housed behind a microporous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE; Gore-tex) gas-permeable membrane. Platinization of the working platinum electrode surface dramatically improves the analytical performance of the sensor by providing approximately 10-fold higher sensitivity (0.8-1.3 pA/nM), approximately 10-fold lower detection limit (< or =1 nM), and extended (at least 3-fold) stability (>3 d) compared to sensors prepared with bare Pt electrodes. These improvements in performance arise from increasing the kinetics and lowering the required potential for the 3-electron oxidation of NO to nitrate, relative to that observed using a nonplatinized working electrode. The outer porous PTFE membrane provides complete selectivity for NO over nitrite ions (up to 10 mM nitrite). The new sensor is applied for surface measurements of NO released from diazeniumdiolate-loaded silicone rubber films (SR-DACA-6/N(2)O(2)). The effects of sensor size (for sensor dimensions of 0.15-, 1-, and 2-mm o.d.) and the distance of the sensor from the surface of the NO-emitting polymer film are investigated via experiments as well as theoretical calculations. A significant analyte trapping effect is demonstrated, the degree of which depends on the sensor size and its distance from the surface. It is further demonstrated that surface NO concentrations for fresh SR-DACA-6/N(2)O(2) loaded films are also influenced by the polymer film thickness, with thicker films generating higher surface concentrations of NO.
Analysis and reduction methods of EMI radiational noise from converter system (2002)

This paper describes a mechanism and reduction methods of EMI radiational noise on IGBTs. The radiational. Noise is generated by oscillating current flowing through the IGBTs output capacity and the snubber circuit. The oscillating current is forced to flow by the high dv/dt rates of the IGBT switching operation. The radiational noise can be analyzed by frequency evolution of the oscillating current. In addition, it is indicated that using a di/dt control gate drive circuit is effective as a means for reducing the radiational noise. The effect of this method has been verified by experimental and simulational results.
Molecular determinants of the insulinotropic action of hypoglycemic sulfonylureas and non-sulfonylureas analogs (1995)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
K-means initial clustering center optimal algorithm based on estimating density and refining initial (2012)

The performance of K-means clustering algorithm strongly depends on the initial parameters. Based on the segmenting algorithm of density estimation and large scale data group segmenting algorithm of the initial value limitation, a new algorithm for initializing the cluster center is presented. The idea of segmenting base on density is combined with the idea of sampling and the new idea is presented. The accuracy of sampling is improved by averagely segmenting every dimension of the database. The speediness of the refining initial algorithm ensures the new algorithm has superiority on time. The experiment demonstrates that the new algorithm has superiority on time and accuracy with other algorithms.
A Camera Phone-Based UV-Dosimeter for Monitoring the Solar Disinfection (SODIS) of Water (2011)

In this letter, we report on the development of a novel camera phone-based UV-dosimeter for monitoring the solar disinfection (SODIS) of water. The dosimeter consists of a UV indicator, methylene blue, dispersed in an ethylcellulose-based polymer matrix. To provide quantitative measurement of UV dose, we demonstrate the use of a camera phone to analyze dosimeter color change in response to UV exposure. The dosimeter response exhibits excellent agreement with a polynomial model (R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) >; 0.99) over the UV exposure range tested. A notable advantage of the dosimeter described here is that it can be deposited on a variety of substrates with the potential to be incorporated into water containers. It is envisaged that use of such a dosimeter in conjunction with mobile phone technology will enhance the use of SODIS thereby impacting significantly on the challenge of providing clean drinking water in developing regions of the world.
ION TRANSPORT ABILITY AND SELECTIVITY RELATING TO THE STRUCTURE OF SYNTHETIC IONOPHORES (1982)

Abstract o-,m-,p-Substituted benzoic acids (1, 2, 3) with polyether chain bearing hydroxy group at the end and the methylether of 1 (4) were prepared. With active transport of Na+ and K+ by 1∼4, 1 and 4 exhibited K+-selectivity over Na+, while 2, and 3 had no transport ability. From the results of ion transport and 1H-NMR study, relationship between the structure and transport ability was discussed.
An evaluation of exhaled flow measuring mouthpieces for breath sampling devices (2014)

A study is conducted to determine the dimensions of an exhaled flow measuring mouthpiece for a breath-sampling device that requires breathing for an extended period of time. Fleisch, Pitot and Venturi type differential pressure based flow measuring mouthpieces of various dimensions are evaluated. Inner diameters (IDs) of the cylinder shaped Fleisch, Pitot and Venturi mouthpieces are varied from 5mm to 25mm. Based on the study, we conclude IDs ranging from 8.75mm to 12.5mm for Fleisch type, IDs ranging from 10mm to 12.5mm for Pitot type and ID of 10mm for Venturi type are the most suitable dimensions for a breath sampling device.
Multimodal Assessment of In Vivo Metabolism with Hyperpolarized [1-13C]MR Spectroscopy and 18F-FDG PET Imaging in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumor–Bearing Rats (2013)

This study reveals that PET and (13)C MRSI can be used to visualize increased glycolytic flux in malignant tissue. The combination of signals will allow the quantitative dissection of substrate metabolism, with respect to uptake and downstream metabolic pathways. Although hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate increases the sensitivity of MR imaging, signal-to-noise ratio constraints still apply for spatially and temporally resolved (13)C MRSI, emphasizing the need for further MR methodologic development. These first imaging data suggest the feasibility of (13)C MRSI for future clinical use.
A Similar Secretome Disturbance as a Hallmark of Non-pathogenic Botrytis cinerea ATMT-Mutants? (2019)

The gray mold fungus <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> is a necrotrophic pathogen able to infect hundreds of host plants, including high-value crops such as grapevine, strawberry and tomato. In order to decipher its infectious strategy, a library of 2,144 mutants was generated by random insertional mutagenesis using <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens-</i>mediated transformation (ATMT). Twelve mutants exhibiting total loss of virulence toward different host plants were chosen for detailed analyses. Their molecular characterization revealed a single T-DNA insertion in different loci. Using a proteomics approach, the secretome of four of these strains was compared to that of the parental strain and a common profile of reduced lytic enzymes was recorded. Significant variations in this profile, notably deficiencies in the secretion of proteases and hemicellulases, were observed and validated by biochemical tests. They were also a hallmark of the remaining eight non-pathogenic strains, suggesting the importance of these secreted proteins in the infection process. In the twelve non-pathogenic mutants, the differentiation of infection cushions was also impaired, suggesting a link between the penetration structures and the secretion of proteins involved in the virulence of the pathogen.
Cache Discovery Policies of MANET (2013)

In situations where establishing a network infrastructure is impossible, Ad-hoc networks are considered particularly important. Most of the previous research in Ad-hoc networks concentrated on the development and enhancement of dynamic routing protocols, which could efficiently discover routes between two communicating nodes. Although routing strategies is an important topic in MANETs, other topics such as data access are also crucial since the final goal of using Ad-hoc networks is to provide data access to mobile nodes. One of the most attractive techniques used to improve the data access performance in MANET environment is cooperative caching; which means multiple caching nodes share and cooperatively manage the cached contents. It is lead the research to important questions, what data should be cached, where, when, and how? A cooperative caching addressed into two basic issues: cache discovery and cache management, in other words, how to find requested data efficiently and how to manage an individual cache to improve the overall capacity of a cooperated cache. In this paper we have made a review of the existing cache discovery algorithms to address four stages after application request and before server response, using an historical file to record the previous data requests, and proposed cluster architecture with data cluster head election to store efficient information for future use and reducing the cost of flooding. In addition, this paper suggests some alternative techniques for cache discovery. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion on future research directions.
2-in-1 Dual-Fiber Probe Integrated With Nanodiamonds for Optical Thermometry Measurements (2021)

We here propose and demonstrate a novel “2-in-1” fiber consisting of two freely separated fiber ends and one fiber tip mounted with nanodiamonds (NDs) containing nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers. The fiber tip with ball lens is fabricated by fusing two parallel multimode fiber with arcing discharge. The excitation and collection of the integrated NV centers through the two fiber ends, can be optimized by manipulating the fabricated lens. We also demonstrate the feasibility of all-optical thermometry using this device. This endoscopy-like probe paves the way for developing fiber-based quantum device for flexible thermometry and magnetometry.
Thermodynamic activities of FeO in CaO‐FeO‐SiO2 slags (1994)

In the present work, a thermodynamic model to describe the activities of components in complex slag systems based on a Temkin approach has been put forward. The model was applied to the ternary system CaO‐“FeO”‐SiO 2 in order to calculate the activities of FeO as a function of temperature and composition from literature data. For this purpose, the experimental data on the activity of FeO available in literature were complemented in the present work by ZrO 2 ‐CaO solid electrolyte galvanic cell measurements for some selected compositions. An assessment of the data for the binary systems FeO‐SiO 2 and CaO‐FeO was carried out. The computed ternary activities are presented in the form of iso‐activity lines at 1673 and 1873K. On the basis of the model predictions, the reliability of the solid electrolyte method for such measurements is discussed.
Composition and carrier-concentration dependence of the electronic structure of InyGa1−yAs1−xNx films with nitrogen mole fraction of less than 0.012 (2005)

The electronic structure of Si-doped InyGa1−yAs1−xNx films on GaAs substrates, grown by nitrogen-plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy, was examined by photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy at temperatures between 20 and 300K. The films were approximately 0.5μm thick and had nitrogen mole fraction between x=0.0014 and x=0.012, measured indirectly by a secondary-ion-mass spectrometry calibration; indium mole fraction between y=0.052 and y=0.075, measured by electron-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy; and carrier concentration between 2×1016 and 1.1×1018cm−3, measured by Hall effect. Three critical-point transitions were identified by PR: the fundamental band gap (highest valence band to the lowest conduction band); the spin-orbit split valence band to the lowest conduction band; and the highest valence band to a nitrogen impurity band (above the lowest conduction band). The measured critical-point energies were described by a band anticrossing (BAC) model with the addition of a Burstein-Moss band-filling term. The fitted BAC parameters were similar to previously reported values. The N impurity level was located 0.3004±0.0101eV above the conduction-band edge at 20K and 0.3286±0.0089eV above the conduction-band edge at 295K. The BAC interaction parameter was 2.588±0.071eV. From the small magnitude of the Burstein-Moss energy shift with increasing carrier concentration, it was inferred that the carrier concentration probed by PR is reduced from the bulk (Hall-effect) carrier concentration by a reduction factor of 0.266±0.145. The PR lines broadened with increasing carrier concentration; the line broadening tracked the predicted Burstein-Moss energy shift for the bulk carrier concentration. The surface-normal lattice constants of the films were measured by x-ray diffraction. Comparison of the measured lattice constants with Vegard’s law showed the presence of tensile strain (in the surface-normal direction) with magnitude between 1.5×10−3 and 3.0×10−3. The effect of strain on the PR energies was too small to observe.
Digital signal processing for video applications (1983)

Digital video signal processing is one result of the fast progress in NMOS-VLSI techniques. The attractions of using digital data processing methods in an analog application field are the availability of CAD tools for the design of digital ICs and the integration of digital filter functions. Besides the key components such as microcomputers, A/D, and D/A converters, the digital filter techniques are the most important functions in this application field. It is demonstrated that digital signal processing is not only restricted to amplitude modulated video signals, but also that frequency modulated signals can be processed and methods for FM modulation and demodulation have been developed.
Magnetically coupled circuit based magnetic vibrations modeling of PMSM (2013)

This paper presents an analytical model for the study of magnetic vibrations in a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The analytical model is based, for the magnetic aspect, on the magnetically coupled circuits approach widely used for modeling electrical machines under faults. This approach associated with the winding functions technique yields to a system of differential equations governing the machine. Its solution helps to compute the Maxwell stress on the stator core. An analytical mechanical model describing the structure displacement and the relied vibrations has also been developed. It is based on the resolution of the equation of motion with Flügge-Byrne-Lur'ye theory. A good agreement has been obtained between results issued from the developed analytical model with those issued from finite element analyses. Analytical models have the advantage to be more convenient for the diagnosis purpose because of the consequent reduction of the calculation time as compared to numerical methods.
Photocontrol Over Self‐Assembled Nanostructures of π–π Stacked Dyes Supported by the Parallel Conformer of Diarylethene (2014)

Abstract Diarylethenes (DAEs) have rarely been used in the design of photoresponsive supramolecular assemblies with a well‐defined morphology transition owing to rather small structural changes upon photoisomerization. A supramolecular design based on the parallel conformation of DAEs enables the construction of photoresponsive dye assemblies that undergo remarkable nanomorphology transitions. The cooperative stacking of perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes was used to stabilize the parallel conformer of DAE through complementary hydrogen bonds. Atomic force microscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and molecular modeling revealed that our DAE and PBI building blocks coassembled in nonpolar solvent to form well‐defined helical nanofibers featuring J‐type dimers of PBI dyes. Upon irradiating the coassembly solution with UV and visible light in turn, a reversible morphology change between nanofibers and nanoparticles was observed. This system involves the generation of a new self‐assembly pathway by means of photocontrol.