gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Vehicle Cabin Occupant Thermal Comfort Using Deep Learning and Computational Fluid Dynamics (2021)

&lt;div&gt;Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems can have a significant impact on the driving range of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). In our previous work, high-fidelity Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, validated against climatic wind tunnel measurements, were coupled with machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict vehicle occupant thermal comfort for any combination of glazing properties for any window surface, environmental conditions, and HVAC settings (flow rate and discharge air temperature). In the present study, the input feature space was expanded significantly to include climate seats (heated/cooled), heated steering wheel, radiant heating pads, and airflow direction from the air-conditioning (A/C) vents. The modified vehicle cabin CFD model, which included these additional features, was used to generate steady-state training and test data. Feedforward artificial neural networks (ANN) were applied to the simulation data to predict the equivalent homogeneous temperature (EHT) for each occupant. The EHT is a recognized measure of the total heat loss from the human body that can be used to characterize highly nonuniform thermal environments. The prediction performance of the trained deep learning models was evaluated on an unseen test dataset. An ensemble of five neural network models was able to achieve a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2°C or less in predicting the EHT for all occupants in the vehicle, which is acceptable for rapid evaluation of thermal comfort technologies under steady-state conditions.&lt;/div&gt;
Engineered Fibrous Networks To Investigate the Influence of Fiber Mechanics on Myofibroblast Differentiation (2019)

Tissue fibrosis is a leading cause of mortality and is characterized by excessive protein deposition and altered tissue mechanical properties. In pathological fibrosis, as well as cancer related fibrosis, tissue pericytes and fibroblasts transition from a quiescent to a myofibroblastic phenotype. In vitro models are needed to better understand how these cells are influenced by their local microenvironment. Here, we developed a fibrous network platform to mimic the structure of the extracellular matrix, where fibers consist of cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogels with controlled cross-link density and mechanical properties. As a model myofibroblast precursor, primary hepatic stellate cells were seeded onto fibers with either low (soft) or high (stiff) cross-link density, either directly after isolation (quiescent) or following preculture on tissue culture plates (activated). In general, both quiescent and activated cells showed an increase in spreading, alpha smooth muscle actin expression, and the formation of multicellular clusters on soft fibers when compared to stiff fibers. Further, inhibition of alpha smooth muscle actin decreased activation of cells on soft fibers. This is likely due to fiber recruitment in soft fibers that increased local fiber density, whereas stiff fibers resisted recruitment. This work emphasizes the importance of substrate topography on cell-material interactions and shows that tunable fibrous hydrogels are a relevant culture platform for studying fibrosis and mechanotransduction in disease.
Relationship between Some Biochemical Measurements and Histopathological Changes in Age-Related Kidney Lesions of Rats (1978)

Histopathological observations were made on the spontaneous age-related kidney lesion in relation to some biochemical measurements for renal function using male SD rats from 82 to 560 days of age. Although all the rats examined were appearently healthy and had no gross lesions in the kidneys, several renal changes were detected histopathologically in the kidneys. The lesions occurred initially in renal tubules and then in glomerulus and in interstitial tissues successively increasing in severity with age. There was a correlation between the degree of the histopatholigical changes and the excreted amount of protein and sodium in the urine. The urinary protein was first detected at 34 days of age increasing with age. For rats of over 395 days of age, the urinary protein was greatly variable in amount among individuals. The negative correlation between urinary protein levels and those of serum albumin and urinary potassium was significant.
Compatibility ofLecanicillium longisporumwith acetamipride and imidaclopride under laboratory conditions (2012)

Abstract Lecanicillium longisporum is one of the facultative insect pathogens with significant host range and host specificity. The conidia survival may be affected by environmental factors or by bio-pesticides and chemical products used to protect crop plants. In this research, the compatibility of the mentioned fungi with acetamipride and imidaclopride and the effect of these insecticides on conidial germination and vegetative growth were studied. The formulations of insecticides were tested in three concentrations (mean concentration (MC), half MC and twice the MC). The study was conducted in completely randomised design (CRD) with four replications. The results indicated that acetamipride and imidaclopride in half MC were compatible with L. longisporum (isolate LRC195). However, based on the results, imidacloprid compared to acetamipride is adaptable with L. longisporum. These insecticides could be used simultaneously in low concentration with this entomopathogenic fungus in integrated pest management. Keywords: Lecanicillium longisporum entomopathogenic fungusinsecticidescompatibility
一种代替热风整平的新工艺——化学镀镍/浸金表面涂层 (1998)

现代复杂的印制板其成品的表面应具有多种作用,故在生产的过程中,不仅要求生产出细线、细孔、平整的焊垫,同时,要求其成品的表面应具有可结合性、良好的可焊性和保持低的接触电阻。印制板应具有满足多种组
[NH3(CH2)6NH3]PbI4 as Dion–Jacobson phase bifunctional capping layer for 2D/3D perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and excellent UV stability (2020)

A Dion–Jacobson phase (DJP)-2D/3D perovskite demonstrates superior UV stability accompanied with improved optoelectronic properties.
Cognitive subtypes of probable Alzheimer's disease robustly identified in four cohorts (2017)

We could identify two robust cognitive clusters in four independent large cohorts with distinct clinical characteristics.
Introduction: Peacebuilding in Northern Ireland (2011)

When the Good Friday or Belfast Agreement was signed in 1998, those involved believed that they ‘were finally able to bring about peace in Northern Ireland’. The process of implementing the accord and resolving tensions between the various political parties began and on 7 May 2007, the Democratic Unionist Party and Sinn Fein entered government together. Nine years after the Agreement was signed, this ‘historic’ day was heralded by the British and Irish political classes and the media as the end of the conflict in Northern Ireland. As noted by Blair in his description of that day, this achievement signalled the ‘normalisation’ of the region's politics to the British and Irish governments through a movement away from division: Every time we set foot in Northern Ireland there were protests … always showing how divided the politics of Northern Ireland was from that anywhere else. That day for the first time there was a protest not about Northern Ireland, but about Iraq. When I saw it, I felt that Northern Ireland had just rejoined the rest of the world. The British and Irish governments believed that the Peace Process, with its focus on elite political settlement, was complete and it was expected that the rest of society would follow the example set by their leaders and overcome divisions to work together. However, the resolution of conflict is not simple and, as will be demonstrated later in this introduction, Northern Ireland is not peaceful.
Recurrent Compressed Convolutional Networks for Short Video Event Detection (2020)

Short videos are popular information carriers on the Internet, and detecting events from them can well benefit widespread applications, e.g., video browsing, management, retrieval and recommendation. Existing video analysis methods always require decoding all frames of videos in advance, which is very costly in time and computation power. These short videos are often untrimmed, noisy and even incomplete, adding much difficulty to event analysis. Unlike previous works focusing on actions, we target short video event detection and propose Recurrent Compressed Convolutional Networks (RCCN) for discovering the underlying event patterns within short videos possibly including a large proportion of non-event videos. Instead of using the whole videos, RCCN performs representation learning at much lower cost within the compressed domain where the encoded motion information reflecting the spatial relations among frames can be easily obtained to capture dynamic tendency of event videos. This alleviates the information incompleteness problem that frequently emerges in user-generated short videos. In particular, RCCN leverages convolutional networks as the backbone and the Long Short-Term Memory components to model the variable-range temporal dependency among untrimmed video frames. RCCN not only learns the common representation shared by the short videos of the same event, but also obtains the discriminative ability to detect dissimilar videos. We benchmark the model performance on a set of short videos generated from publicly available event detection database YLIMED, and compare RCCN with several baselines and state-of-the-art alternatives. Empirical studies have verified the preferable performance of RCCN.
The Flettner Rotor Ship in the Light of the Kutta-Joukowski Theory and of Experimental Results (1925)

In this paper the fundamental principles of the Flettner rotor ship (Reference I) are discussed in the light of the Kutta-Joukowski theory and available experimental information on the subject. A brief exposition of the Kutta-Joukowski theory is given and the speed of the rotor ship Buckau computed, first by using effective propulsive force obtained by the above theory, and then by direct application of wind tunnel data.
A tabulation-based parsing method that reduces copying (2003)

This paper presents a new bottom-up chart parsing algorithm for Prolog along with a compilation procedure that reduces the amount of copying at run-time to a constant number (2) per edge. It has applications to unification-based grammars with very large partially ordered categories, in which copying is expensive, and can facilitate the use of more sophisticated indexing strategies for retrieving such categories that may otherwise be overwhelmed by the cost of such copying. It also provides a new perspective on "quick-checking" and related heuristics, which seems to confirm that forcing an early failure (as opposed to seeking an early guarantee of success) is in fact the best approach to use. A preliminary empirical evaluation of its performance is also provided.
[A fetal distress signal: decreased fetal movements. A case of antenatal anaemia (author's transl)]. (1979)

The authors report an observation of antenatal anaemia which showed as fetal distress found by a decrease of fetal movements and confirmed by cardiotocography. At birth, the baby was very pale and has a severe anaemia. The authors have investigated the method introduced by Sadovsky for analysing fetal activity in which the woman counted her fetal movements in accordance with a time schedule. Normal fetal movements are an indication of fetal well-being. Decreased fetal movements may be an indication of chronic fetal asphyxia. In this case, cardiotocography has to be undertaken. Analysis of their results demonstrated the value of this method which appears to be useful particularly for the assessment of chronic fetal distress.
Resident Duty-Hour Restrictions—Who Are We Protecting? (2012)

As advocated by Nasca, our teaching programs must nurture professionalism and the effacement of self interest that is the core of the practice of medicine and the profession. The evidence to date suggests that work-hour restrictions based solely on clock-defined time limits discourage, rather than promote, the professional behavior that we desire in tomorrow's physicians. Notwithstanding any issues related to duty hours or fitness for duty, a competency-based system of medical education is both desirable and necessary in the current environment of medical education. In the absence of evidence to suggest that duty-hour limits reduce medical errors and enhance patient safety, and until we have evolved to a competency-based system of resident education, a misguided and overzealous focus on limiting work hours should not be allowed to exert the unintended consequence of eroding the ethos of professionalism that we, and our patients, have come to expect of a physician.
Radiative Heat Transfer and Effective Transport Coefficients (2011)

The theory of heat transfer by electromagnetic radiation is based on the radiative transfer equation (RTE) for the radiation intensity, or equivalently on the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) for the photon distribution. We focus in this review article, after a brief overview on different solution methods, on a recently introduced approach based on truncated moment expansion. Due to the linearity of the underlying BTE, the appropriate closure of the system of moment equations is entropy production rate minimization. This closure provides a distribution function and the associated effective transport coefficients, like mean absorption coefficients and the Eddingtonfactor, for a general number of moments. The moment approach is finally illustrated with an application of the two-moment equations to an electrical arc.
An Effective Motion Estimation Scheme for H.264/AVC (2008)

H.264/AVC is the outstanding and significant video compression standard developed by ITU-T/ISO/IEC Joint Video Team (JVT). Motion estimation (ME) plays a key role in H.264/AVC, it concerns greatly on computational complexity especially when using the full search (FS) algorithm. Although many fast ME algorithms have been proposed to reduce the huge calculation complexity instead of FS, the ME still can not satisfy the critical real-time applicationpsilas needs. In this paper, a fast integer pixel variable block motion estimation algorithm based on JVT which accepted UMHexagonS algorithm is presented for H.264/AVC encoder. With special considerations on the motion activity of the current macro-block, several techniques, i.e., adaptive search strategies have been utilized to significantly improve the video coding performance. The simulation results analysis shows that the proposed algorithm maintains an unnoticeable quality loss in terms of PSNR on average compared with FS and reduces nearly 20% motion estimation time compared with UMHexagonS while maintaining coding efficiency.
Synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐c] quinazoline and some of its methyl derivatives (1970)

Abstract The synthesis of imidazo [1,2‐ c ] quinazoline was effected by manganese dioxide oxidation of the 5,6‐dihydroimidazo [1,2‐ c ] quinazoline which was prepared by treatment of 2‐( o ‐nitro‐phenyl)‐1‐hydroxyimidazole‐3‐oxide with zinc powder and formic acid. The synthesis of some methyl derivatives of this ring system are also described. Structural assignments for all of the products were made from spectral data.
GMM-Free DNN Training (2014)

While deep neural networks (DNNs) have become the dom-inant acoustic model (AM) for speech recognition systems, they are still dependent on Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) for alignments both for supervised training and for context dependent (CD) tree building. Here we explore bootstrap-ping DNN AM training without GMM AMs and show that CD trees can be built with DNN alignments which are bet-ter matched to the DNN model and its features. We show that these trees and alignments result in better models than from the GMM alignments and trees. By removing the GMM acoustic model altogether we simplify the system required to train a DNN from scratch. Index Terms — Deep neural networks, hybrid neural net-work speech recognition, Voice Search, mobile speech recog-nition, flat start, Viterbi forced-alignment, context dependent tree-building. 1.
A broadly neutralizing anti-influenza antibody reveals ongoing capacity of haemagglutinin-specific memory B cells to evolve (2016)

Understanding the natural evolution and structural changes involved in broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) development holds great promise for improving the design of prophylactic influenza vaccines. Here we report an haemagglutinin (HA) stem-directed bnAb, 3I14, isolated from human memory B cells, that utilizes a heavy chain encoded by the IGHV3-30 germline gene. MAb 3I14 binds and neutralizes groups 1 and 2 influenza A viruses and protects mice from lethal challenge. Analysis of VH and VL germline back-mutants reveals binding to H3 and H1 but not H5, which supports the critical role of somatic hypermutation in broadening the bnAb response. Moreover, a single VLD94N mutation improves the affinity of 3I14 to H5 by nearly 10-fold. These data provide evidence that memory B cell evolution can expand the HA subtype specificity. Our results further suggest that establishing an optimized memory B cell pool should be an aim of 'universal' influenza vaccine strategies.
PtAu NANOCLUSTERS AS CO TOLERANT PEMFC ANODES (2004)

The electrocatalysis of CO tolerance in the hydrogen oxidation reaction was investigated for a novel 5% PtAu/C (1:1 atomic ratio) nano-electrocatalyst in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell anodes. The full cell polarization characteristics of this catalyst were compared to that of 5% Pt/C, 5% PtRu/C (1:1 atomic ratio) and 5% PtAu/C (1:1 atomic ratio) electrocatalysts prepared by conventional co-precipitation method. The PtAu/C nano-electrocatalyst showed much better tolerance to CO than similar Pt/C, PtRu/C and conventional PtAu/C electrocatalyst. Air bleed technique improved the CO tolerance levels of the PtAu catalyst by 300% but had much less effect for the similar 5% Pt catalyst.
Maintenance of Acromegaly Control in Patients Switching From Injectable Somatostatin Receptor Ligands to Oral Octreotide (2020)

OOCs may be an effective therapy for patients with acromegaly who previously were treated with injectable SRLs.
A tutorial on modern lossy wavelet image compression: foundations of JPEG 2000 (2001)

One of the purposes of this article is to give a general audience sufficient background into the details and techniques of wavelet coding to better understand the JPEG 2000 standard. The focus is on the fundamental principles of wavelet coding and not the actual standard itself. Some of the confusing design choices made in wavelet coders are explained. There are two types of filter choices: orthogonal and biorthogonal. Orthogonal filters have the property that there are energy or norm preserving. Nevertheless, modern wavelet coders use biorthogonal filters which do not preserve energy. Reasons for these specific design choices are explained. Another purpose of this article is to compare and contrast "early" wavelet coding with "modern" wavelet coding. This article compares the techniques of the modern wavelet coders to the subband coding techniques so that the reader can appreciate how different modern wavelet coding is from early wavelet coding. It discusses basic properties of the wavelet transform which are pertinent to image compression. It builds on the background material in generic transform coding given, shows that boundary effects motivate the use of biorthogonal wavelets, and introduces the symmetric wavelet transform. Subband coding or "early" wavelet coding method is discussed followed by an explanation of the EZW coding algorithm. Other modern wavelet coders that extend the ideas found in the EZW algorithm are also described.
ChemInform Abstract: ANNELATED THYROXINE ANALOGS (1975)

Abstract Aus dem Dinitro‐diphenyläther (I) erhält man durch Bis‐diazotierung und Jodierung sowie Eliminierung der Schutzgruppen das modifizierte Tyrosin (II).
Effective Hardware Accelerator for 2D DCT/IDCT Using Improved Loeffler Architecture (2022)

This paper proposes an effective hardware accelerator for 2D <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> discrete cosine transform (DCT) and inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) using an improved Loeffler architecture. The accelerator optimizes the data stream of the Loeffler 8-point 1D DCT/IDCT according to the characteristics of image and video processing. An 8-stage pipeline structure greatly improves the processing speed by reasonably dividing the number of clock cycles and simplifying the arithmetic operations in each cycle. The multiplication-free approximation of the DCT coefficients is implemented through adders and shifters, combined with both fixed-point and canonic signed digit (CSD) coding. In particular, the proposed fast parallel transposed matrix architecture achieves the function of row-column coefficient conversion with lower circuit complexity. The FPGA implementation of the proposed architecture uses a Virtex-7 XC7VX330T device, running at 288 MHz with a throughput of 558 M Pixel/sec, and a Full HD real-time frame rate of up to 269 fps. Only 33 cycles are required to complete the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> blocks of 2D DCT/IDCT, which can be used as a high-performance hardware accelerator for image and video compression encoding.
Physical Chemistry of Supercritical Fluids (1988)

Solubility behavior of compounds in supercritical fluids is interpreted using a simplified solution model. Solid-fluid and liquid-fluid phase equilibria data are presented and discussions of the phase behavior are provided. Phase transitions and transport properties are briefly discussed.
Optoelectronic Fibers via Selective Amplification of In‐Fiber Capillary Instabilities (2016)

Thermally drawn metal-insulator-semiconductor fibers provide a scalable path to functional fibers. Here, a ladder-like metal-semiconductor-metal photodetecting device is formed inside a single silica fiber in a controllable and scalable manner, achieving a high density of optoelectronic components over the entire fiber length and operating at a bandwidth of 470 kHz, orders of magnitude larger than any other drawn fiber device.
Grid interconnection for variable-speed wind farm with multi-level inverter (2008)

This paper presents design, modeling, and control of grid interconnection for a wind farm with round-rotor synchronous generators. The grid interconnection proposed in this paper supports the variable-speed wind turbine concept with the three-phase diode bridge as a front-end rectifier. The wind energy resources and the utility grid are isolated by intermediate fly-back converters. The grid interface multi-level inverter with H-bridge converters improves the power quality of the utility grid. The fast transient response of the real and reactive power control is achieved by the feedback control in synchronous rotating reference frame. Stability of the integrated subsystems is also analyzed with the Nyquist criteria and classical control theory. Simulation results with PSCAD in normal operations and short circuit fault operations are illustrated.
SufC hydrolyzes ATP and interacts with SufB from Thermotoga maritima (2002)

Genetic experiments in bacteria have shown the suf operon is involved in iron homeostasis and the oxidative stress response. The sufB and sufC genes that always occur together in bacteria are also found in plants, and even the malaria parasite, associated with the plastid organelle. Although the suf operon is believed to encode an iron-dependent ABC-transporter there is no direct evidence. By immunolocalization we show here that SufB and SufC are associated with the membrane of Escherichia coli. We also present kinetic studies with a recombinant version of SufC from Thermotoga maritima that shows it is an ATPase and that it interacts with SufB in vitro.