gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual Grounding in Video for Unsupervised Word Translation (2020)

There are thousands of actively spoken languages on Earth, but a single visual world. Grounding in this visual world has the potential to bridge the gap between all these languages. Our goal is to use visual grounding to improve unsupervised word mapping between languages. The key idea is to establish a common visual representation between two languages by learning embeddings from unpaired instructional videos narrated in the native language. Given this shared embedding we demonstrate that (i) we can map words between the languages, particularly the 'visual' words; (ii) that the shared embedding provides a good initialization for existing unsupervised text-based word translation techniques, forming the basis for our proposed hybrid visual-text mapping algorithm, MUVE; and (iii) our approach achieves superior performance by addressing the shortcomings of text-based methods -- it is more robust, handles datasets with less commonality, and is applicable to low-resource languages. We apply these methods to translate words from English to French, Korean, and Japanese -- all without any parallel corpora and simply by watching many videos of people speaking while doing things.
Two cytochrome P450 aromatase genes in the hermaphrodite ricefield eel Monopterus albus: mRNA expression during ovarian development and sex change (2008)

Previously, the ricefield eel (Monopterus albus) was speculated to have only one cytochrome p450 aromatase gene. In this study, however, the cDNAs encoding two distinct cytochrome p450 aromatases, cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b, were isolated. The genomic organizations of both cyp19 genes were conserved when compared with other teleosts. Northern blot detected an abundant expression of cyp19a1a in the ovary, and cyp19a1b in the hypothalamus. RT-PCR coupled with Southern blot showed that cyp19a1a was expressed predominantly in the gonads of both sexes, with higher levels in the ovary than testis, while cyp19a1b was expressed in all the tissues examined in the male, but only in the brain and pituitary in the female. The levels of cyp19a1a mRNA in the ovary were increased significantly during vitellogenesis, but decreased significantly at mature stage. The levels of cyp19a1b mRNA in the brain and pituitary did not vary significantly during vitellogenesis. As ovarian development shifted from vitellogenesis to maturation, the levels of cyp19a1b mRNA was decreased significantly in the brain, but increased significantly in the pituitary. During natural sex change from female to male, the levels of cyp19a1a mRNA in the gonad were significantly decreased. The levels of cyp19a1b mRNA in the hypothalamus were significantly increased at the early intersexual phase, whereas the expression levels in the pituitary were significantly decreased at the intersexual phases. Taken together, these results showed a novel sexual dimorphism of cyp19a1b mRNA tissue distribution, and both CYP19 genes were associated with the ovarian development and natural sex change of the ricefield eel.
Development of optical equipment for ultrasonic guided wave structural health monitoring (2014)

This paper presents the development of optical equipment that is suitable for ultrasonic guided wave detection for active SHM in the hundreds of kHz range. In recent years, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have been investigated by many researchers as an alternative to piezoelectric sensors for the detection of ultrasonic waves. FBG have the advantage of being durable, lightweight, and easily embeddable into composite structures as well as being immune to electromagnetic interference and optically multiplexed. However, there is no commercially available product that uses this promising technology for the detection of ultrasonic guided waves because: (a) the frequency is high (hundreds of kHz); (b) the strains are very small (nano-strain); (c) the operational loads may also induce very large quasi-static strains (the superposition of very small ultrasonic strains and very large quasi-static strain presents a very significant challenge). Although no turn-key optical system exists for ultrasonic guided wave detection, we developed optical ultrasonic guided wave equipment using a tunable laser device. The measurement resolution and sampling speed were considered as the most important criteria in our test. We achieved high sensitive (nano-strain) and high sampling rate. Comparative measurements of low-amplitude ultrasonic waves have been done including FBG, strain gauge, and piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS). Calibration and performance improvements for the optical interrogation system are also developed and discussed. The paper ends with conclusions and suggestions for further work.
Controlling and monitoring of electric feeders using GSM network technology (2013)

The application of computer interfaced controlling devices is increasingly rapidly in modern age. Analogous wired systems are substituted by computer interfaced system alternatives in growing number of industries. Such control systems had been developed with complex and critical high-end stuffs. In this paper, we developed an automated system that controls the switching of electric feeder power supply featuring the existing GSM technology. The target is to operate the device according to a preset sequence of on-off mode for three feeders after a particular time interval and to monitor the running condition. The device sends short message updating the status of every action. It also warns the consumers about load shedding using GSM module via sending message. Controlling the gate pulse of a MOSFET that operates the relay, it executes on-off operation of the circuit breaker of the respective feeders. Since GSM technology is used worldwide for communication, third world countries that are still struggling to meet the power demand can use this technology to operate and monitor the condition of power distribution. To operate the GSM device, AT command of GSM location operation for SIM900 is used. This paper targets to improve the power distribution system in developing countries like India, Bangladesh, Nepal where power crisis and load shedding is quite a common phenomenon.
CHAPTER 6: Dressings and Sauces (1999)

Cereals & Grains Association is a nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing the knowledge and understanding of cereal grain science through research leadership, education, superior technical service, and advocacy.
Healing of carbon fibre–epoxy composites using thermoplastic additives (2013)

The healing efficiency and healing mechanisms of selected insoluble thermoplastics blended into an epoxy resin and its respective carbon fibre–epoxy matrix composite is investigated. The capacity of two reactive thermoplastic additives (polyethylene-co-methacrylic acid (EMAA) and polyethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate (PEGMA)) and two non-reactive thermoplastics (ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)) to heal cracks in the epoxy resin network and heal delaminations in carbon–epoxy composite is determined. The thermoplastics were able to partially repair the fractured epoxy, although different healing mechanisms were operative. The thermoplastics (except ABS) were partially or completely effective in restoring the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness and fatigue resistance of delaminated composites. The healing efficiency of the thermoplastics, defined by the percentage recovery to the interlaminar fracture toughness of the composites, increased in the order: ABS (lowest), PEGMA, EVA and EMAA (highest). Healing by the reactive EMAA and PEGMA thermoplastics involves a unique pressure delivery mechanism whereas healing by the non-reactive EVA thermoplastic is controlled by its viscosity and adhesion to the fracture surfaces. ABS was ineffective as a healing agent in the composite due to its high viscosity which impeded flow into the delamination crack.
Pigmented retinal epithelium involvement in photoreceptor development and function (1974)

Abstract The importance of the pigmented retinal epithelium (PRE) for photoreceptor maturation during retinal development was evaluated in Rana pipiens. Retinal rudiments with or without an enveloping PRE were isolated from stage 18 embryos and allowed to develop in a non‐nutrient culture medium for up to 19 days. A set of morphological features with which to evaluate the degree of differentiation occurring in cultured material was obtained through examination of eyes of normal embryos, stages 18–25. Some photoreceptor outer segment material first appeared after 7 days in culture. The number of well‐ordered outer segment discs per receptor increased progressively with age in PRE‐covered retinas. However, photoreceptors of retinas lacking PRE contained little disc membrane material and this quickly lost proper orientation. Electroretinograms could first be elicited from PRE‐containing cultures after 7 days, but none were produced by retinas lacking a PRE. In PRE‐covered retinas a progressive differentiation of photoreceptor synaptic complexes was seen between 7–19 days; in retinas lacking a PRE, synaptic ribbons appeared after 7 days in culture, but no further maturation of the synapse was observed. The PRE itself underwent sequential differentiation and achieved the tadpole appearance after 17 days in culture. Both PRE and retina developed at the same rate in cultured material, and this rate was about one‐third that observed in eyes of embryos raised at the same temperature. These findings indicate that the PRE plays a critical role in photoreceptor development.
Analytical integration of quasi-static potential integrals on nonorthogonal coplanar quadrilaterals for the PEEC method (2002)

The rapid and accurate evaluation of the partial inductances and the normalized coefficients of potential is very important for the partial element equivalent circuit method. The evaluation of these parameters is much more challenging for the case of nonorthogonal conductors. This paper proposes an integration strategy on nonorthogonal coplanar quadrilateral domains for the quasi-static Green's function and a closed form solution for the integrals is obtained. The developed formulas, suitable for a practical implementation of the method, are compared to accurate numerical quadrature routines.
Inhibition of the interactions between eukaryotic initiation factors 4E and 4G impairs long-term associative memory consolidation but not reconsolidation (2011)

Considerable evidence indicates that the general blockade of protein synthesis prevents both the initial consolidation and the postretrieval reconsolidation of long-term memories. These findings come largely from studies of drugs that block ribosomal function, so as to globally interfere with both cap-dependent and -independent forms of translation. Here we show that intra-amygdala microinfusions of 4EGI-1, a small molecule inhibitor of cap-dependent translation that selectively disrupts the interaction between eukaryotic initiation factors (eIF) 4E and 4G, attenuates fear memory consolidation but not reconsolidation. Using a combination of behavioral and biochemical techniques, we provide both in vitro and in vivo evidence that the eIF4E-eIF4G complex is more stringently required for plasticity induced by initial learning than for that triggered by reactivation of an existing memory.
Time Course Study of Substrate Utilization by Aspergillus flavus in Medium Simulating Corn (Zea mays) Kernels (2001)

Utilization of the three major corn reserve materials, starch, triglycerides (refined corn oil), and zein (storage protein), by Aspergillus flavus was monitored in vitro over a 7-day fermentation. Medium composition in which proportions of reserve materials initially approximated proportions in mature corn kernels changed little over the first 18 h. Subsequently, hydrolysis of both starch and triglycerides occurred simultaneously, with peak concentrations of glucose and free fatty acids on day 2 of the fermentation period. Fatty acid concentrations dropped relatively rapidly after day 2 but increased again after day 6. Aflatoxin B(1) production increased after 36 h, with a peak at day 4. Aflatoxin B(1) production paralleled fungal biomass production during the exponential growth phase. A. flavus did not appear to preferentially utilize any of the released fatty acids. A number of fungus-specific metabolites were detected, including arabitol, erythritol, mannitol, trehalose, and kojic acid. Mannitol exceeded the other metabolites in concentration, and the timing of mannitol production closely paralleled that of aflatoxin B(1). Kojic acid concentrations peaked at day 6. In contrast to previously described selective use of simple carbohydrates by A. flavus, less discrimination was displayed when faced with utilization of complex substrates such as starch or triglycerides.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ISAR IMAGING ALGORITHMS FOR RADAR TARGET IDENTIFICATION (2010)

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images represent the two-dimensional (2-D) spatial distribution of the radar crosssection (RCS) of an object and, thus, they can be applied to the problem of target identification. The traditional approach to ISAR imaging is the range-Doppler algorithm based on the 2-D Fourier transform. However, the 2-D Fourier transform often results in poor resolution ISAR images, especially when the measured frequency bandwidth and angular region are limited. Instead of the Fourier transform, high resolution spectral estimation techniques can be adopted to improve the resolution of ISAR images. These are the autoregressive (AR) model, multiple signal classification (MUSIC), and matrix enhancement and matrix pencil MUSIC (MEMP-MUSIC). In this study, the ISAR images from these high-resolution spectral estimators, as well as the FFT approach, are identified using a recently developed identification algorithm based on the polar mapping of ISAR images. In addition, each ISAR imaging algorithm is analyzed and compared in the framework of radar target identification. The results show that the dynamic range as well as the resolution of the ISAR images plays an important role in the identification performance. Moreover, the optimum size of the subarray (i.e., covariance matrix) for MUSIC and MEMP-MUSIC in terms of target identification is experimentally derived.
The effect of combined pre-treatment on the metabolism of antipyrine in the rat. (1995)

Determination of the effect of the known enzyme-inducers phenobarbital-Na and spironolactone on the activity of the MFO was carried out. Male Wistar rats were treated either with 40 mg/kg phenobarbital-Na or 40 mg/kg spironolactone, and also in combination with 100 mg/kg of the MFO was inhibitor alpha-methyldopa. The activity of the MFO was assessed by changes in antipyrine half-life. Our results show that given alone both phenobarbital-Na and spironolactone are potent inducers of the MFO. Co-treatment with the enzyme-inhibitor alpha-methyldopa, however, led to different results in two cases: It slightly diminished the enzyme inducing effect of phenobarbital-Na, while the effect of spironolactone has completely ceased. These findings may suggest that phenobarbital-Na and spironolactone are acting on different cytochrome isoenzymes.
Comparison Study of Unequal Error Protection Methods for One-Dimensional Signal Constellations. (1995)

Abstract : Unequal error protection is a method to improve bandwidth efficiency where the source data are characterized by having coded bits of varying sensitivity to channel errors. In this report, a framework for comparing the performance of two schemes for unequal error protection is developed. The first scheme (embedded) is based on a clever design of signal constellations with nonuniformly spaced signal points. The second scheme (time-sharing) is based on time-multiplexing concept. It is shown that in the presence of white Gaussian noise, the time-sharing scheme can achieve improved performance over the embedded scheme for one-dimensional signal constellations. This report also describes an application of unequal error protection for MPEG (Motion Pictures Experts Group) video transmission. Corruption in the visual quality of a single frame and the effect of propogatable errors for MPEG coding are both minimized by the use of unequal error protection. (MM)
Field experiments on throughput performance of carrier aggregation with asymmetric bandwidth in LTE-advanced (2012)

This paper presents field experimental results on the block error rate (BLER) of uplink control information (UCI) and the downlink throughput performance of carrier aggregation (CA) with an asymmetric bandwidth between the downlink and uplink using implemented LTE-Advanced transceivers with the center carrier frequencies of 3.92625 and 3.67125 GHz in the downlink and uplink, respectively. The field experimental results confirm that when the UCI, i.e., channel quality indicator (CQI), for the purpose of downlink adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) is multiplexed with the uplink data signal, the required BLER of the UCI is almost satisfied. The results also show that when CA with 5 component carriers (CCs) (100-MHz bandwidth) and 2-by-2 single-user (SU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) are applied in the downlink, the throughput of greater than 500 Mbps (peak throughput of approximately 640 Mbps) is achieved even when UCI (CQI) error is considered. Furthermore, in an urban area in Sagamihara city near Tokyo, the field experimental results show that the throughput of greater than 100 Mbps is observed in certain areas at the distance from the BS antenna of over 1 km using the center carrier frequency of 3.92625 GHz.
N2-Isobutyryl-O6-[2-(p-Nitrophenyl)Ethyl]Guanine: A New Building Block for the Efficient Synthesis of Carbocyclic Guanosine Analogs (1992)

Abstract N2-Isobutyryl-O6-[2-(p-nitrophenyl)ethyl]guanine (4) allows the synthesis of different types of carbocyclic analogs of guanosine in high yield under Mitsunobu conditions. Only the desired N9-substituted derivatives of guanine are formed.
Product Lagrange Coded Computing (2020)

This work considers the distributed multivariate polynomial evaluation (DMPE) problem using a master-worker framework, which was originally considered by Yu et al., where Lagrange Coded Computing (LCC) was proposed as a coded computation scheme to provide resilience against stragglers for the DMPE problem. In this work, we propose a variant of the LCC scheme, termed Product Lagrange Coded Computing (PLCC), by combining ideas from classical product codes and LCC. The main advantage of PLCC is that they are more numerically stable than LCC; however, their resilience to stragglers is sub-optimal.
Potential Abiotic and Biotic Impacts of Zebra Mussels on the Inland Waters of North America (1996)

SYNOPSIS. The expansion of zebra mussel distribution into inland waterways of North America portends significant abiotic and biotic changes mediated either directly or indirectly by Dreissena. Dreissena fouls a wide array of submerged substrates including rock surfaces, macrophytes, native molluscs, canal and dock walls, and watercraft and motor outdrives. Fouling of water intake pipes and associated installations can severely impair water delivery to hydroelectric, municipal and industrial users, necessitating proactive or reactive control measures. Mussels increase water clarity by removing suspended clay, silt, bacteria, phytoplankton, and small zooplankton. Clear water phases associated with Dreissena grazing may exceed in magnitude and duration those generated by zooplankton grazing. Enhanced water clarity increases light transmittance and growth of benthic plants. Some benthic invertebrates {e.g., unionid molluscs) are adversely affected by Dreissena, whereas others, including amphipod crustaceans, exploit structure associated with or wastes generated by zebra mussels. Dreissena is exploited by a host of predators, most notably waterfowl, fish and crayfish. Waterfowl predators that consume contaminated Dreissena have elevated concentrations of organic pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds. Invasion of shallow lakes and ponds by Dreissena may divert production and biomass from pelagic to benthic foodwebs, shifting ecosystems to an alternative state.
A COMPARISON OF SEVERAL SEROLOGIC TESTS TO DETECT ANTIBODIES TO TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN NATURALLY EXPOSED BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) (2005)

Toxoplasma gondii infection in marine mammals is intriguing and indicative of contamination of the ocean environment and coastal waters with oocysts. In a previous study, 138 of 141 (97.8%) bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the coasts of Florida and California had antibodies to T. gondii by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Although the MAT has been found to be highly sensitive and specific for T. gondii antibodies from several species of terrestrial animals, it has not yet been validated for T. gondii infections in marine mammals. Furthermore, T. gondii has yet not been isolated from dolphins. In the present study, sera from 146 (60 from the 2004 samples and 86 from the 2003 samples) T. truncatus from the coastal areas of South Carolina and Florida were tested for antibodies to T. gondii. Sera from 2004 were tested by the MAT, the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), the Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT), an indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot. All 60 dolphins were seropositive, with MAT titers of 1:20 in 3, 1:40 in 19, 1:80 in 29, 1:160 in 2, 1:1,280 in 3, 1:2,560 in 2, and 1:5,120 or higher in 2, and these results were confirmed in another laboratory. The DT titers of these dolphins were <1:10 in 53, 1:800 in 3, 1:1,600 in 2, and 1:3,200 in 2. The IHAT titers were <1:64 in 52, 1:128 in 1, 1:512 in 2, and 1:2,048 in 5. The IFAT titers were <1:20 in 3, 1:20 in 11, 1:40 in 36, 1:80 in 2, 1:160 in 1, and 1:320 or higher in 7. All 7 DT-positive dolphins had high MAT titers, but 2 were negative by the IHAT. Western blot results closely followed MAT results; ELISA results matched MAT results, which were 1:40 or higher. In sera from the 2003 samples, MAT antibodies were found in 86 of 86 dolphins with titers of 1:25 in 29, 1:50 in 23, 1:100 in 27, 1:200 in 3, 1:1,600 in 1, and 1:3,200 in 3; these sera were not tested by other means. Overall, MAT antibodies were found in all 146 dolphin sera tested. Because marine mammals are considered sentinel animals indicative of contamination of the coastal and marine waters by T. gondii oocysts, serologically positive infections need to be validated by the detection of T. gondii organisms in the tissues of seropositive animals.
Genetic mapping of endogenous RD-114 retroviral sequences of domestic cats (1985)

The RD-114 family of endogenous retroviral sequences in domestic cats has been shown to consist of approximately 20 copies of genetically divergent virogenes per haploid genome. The chromosomal localization for four endogenous sequences (RDV1-4) was accomplished by correlating the occurrence of specific feline chromosomes with diagnostic viral DNA fragments in a panel of cat X rodent somatic cell hybrids. Analysis of the hybrid panel revealed that endogenous RD-114 sequences are dispersed on multiple cat chromosomes, that certain proviral segments are polymorphic with respect to the presence or absence of virus, and that a restriction fragment characteristic of inducible RD-114 resides on a single feline chromosome (B3), probably at a single locus.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DESIGN OF OVERHEAD EQUIPMENT (1972)

Paper reviews some recent British developments in the design of overhead equipment systems and components. Although these developments have been related mainly to British Railway's equipment, many of them have also been applied to recent overseas schemes in Finland, India, Norway, Pakistan, South Korea and Yugoslavia.