gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
6.5 Solute Transport: Data Analysis and Parameter Estimation (2002)

This chapter covers methods for analyzing data and estimating transport model parameters. Graphical and type-curve methods were used to analyze data and estimate solute dispersion and velocity parameters. A major impediment to determining two-region model parameters for field soils by either least squares fitting or the method of moments is the required breakthrough curve, which is difficult and time consuming to measure in field soils. As an alternative, B. E. Clothier et al., proposed using a single measurement of total resident solute concentration to estimate θIM in field soils. With this method, a solution containing a conservative, non-interacting solute is infiltrated into soil and a single soil sample taken after a period of leaching. A disk permeameter is used to establish a constant infiltration rate at the desired soil water pressure head.
Efficacy and Safety of PRC-063, Extended-Release Multilayer Methylphenidate in Adults with ADHD Including 6-Month Open-Label Extension (2020)

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 16-hr multilayer-release methylphenidate (PRC-063) in a community-based adult ADHD population. Method: In a double-blind study, 375 participants were randomized to one of four fixed doses of PRC-063 or placebo. The primary outcome was the ADHD-Rating Scale-5 (RS). The first 50% of double-blind completers were invited to participate in a 6-month dose-optimized open-label study to assess response and safety. Results: In total, 333 participants completed the double-blind trial; 184 entered the open-label study. PRC-063 produced greater symptom reduction in ADHD-RS-5 total score from baseline compared with placebo in the double-blind study (least-square [LS] mean = −4.7 [−7.7, −1.6], p = .003). The most frequent adverse events were headache, insomnia, and decreased appetite. No significant sleep quality impact was observed ( p = .123). Significant improvements in ADHD-RS-5 scores from baseline continued through the open-label study ( p &lt; .0001), coincident with dose optimization. Conclusion: PRC-063 was well tolerated and significantly improved ADHD symptomatology in adults.
The management of pectus excavatum in pediatric patients: a narrative review (2023)

In addition to providing an overview of pectus excavatum management, this review highlights areas that remain controversial including the physiologic effects of the deformity and the optimal surgical approach, which invite future research efforts. This review also features updated content on non-invasive monitoring and treatment approaches such as three-dimensional (3D) scanning and vacuum bell therapy, which may alter the treatment landscape for pectus excavatum in order to reduce radiation exposure and invasive procedures when able.
Quantification of macromolecular interactions using SPR detection (2013)

Abstract — Among different real time imaging techniques of macro molecular interactions, the emerging SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) approach is one of the most promising: no molecular labeling is necessary to reveal interactions, and many protein/protein couples can be studied in the same experiment. Such a real time monitoring of various biomolecular interactions raises several challenges in terms of image segmentation, extraction and interpretation of the mean hybridization signal of each spot, and computation of the affinity constants for each protein/protein couples. This paper describes an automated approach for SPR image analysis resolving most of the previous issues. First, a differential signal is computed in order to only conserve the interactions according to the time. Second, a spatio-temporal filtering is used to remove the noise present in the SPR raw data. Then, the data is segmented using the k-means method, in order to identify regions of the spots according to their temporal behavior. Non-uniform hybridization within a spot can thus be detected and the pixels excluded from analysis. In the same manner, the presence of image artifacts (chip scratch, deposit leakage) can be detected and not taken into account for analysis. The mean signal over each spot is then extracted and its temporal behavior provides the kinetic parameters characterizing the biological interaction (association and dissociation constants). The preliminary results obtained on test biomolecular interactions confirmed our expectations concerning our detection capability even at low concentration of analytes. The affinity constants obtained has been compared to those obtained by ELISA. The results are in good agreement, validating therefore the SPR approach for protein/protein interactions studies. I.
New transducers for intraoperative spinal sonography (1993)

Although ultrasonography during spinal cord surgery has been widely accepted, it still has limitations in clinical application because of the size of the transducers needed and the immersion method. The authors report on newly designed microprobe transducers used to evaluate intramedullary spinal cord lesions and to monitor surgical procedures. This microprobe system permitted the microscopic use of intraoperative ultrasonography without requiring saline immersion.
Antizyme induction mediates feedback limitation of the incorporation of specific polyamine analogues in tissue culture (2004)

Spermidine, spermine and putrescine are essential for mammalian cell growth, and there has been a pervasive effort to synthesize analogues of these polyamines that will disrupt their function and serve as tools to inhibit cell proliferation. Recently, we demonstrated that a number of such polyamine analogues are also capable of inducing the regulatory protein AZ (antizyme). In the present study the incorporation of a few sample analogues [mimics of bis(ethyl)spermine] was shown to be significantly limited by a decrease in the V(max) for the polyamine transport system in response to analogue-induced AZ. This creates an unusual circumstance in which compounds that are being designed for therapeutic use actually inhibit their own incorporation into targeted cells. To explore the impact of this feedback system, cultures of rat hepatoma HTC cells were pre-treated to exhibit either low or high polyamine uptake activity and then exposed to polyamine analogues. As predicted, regardless of initial uptake activity, all cultures eventually achieved the same steady-state levels of the cellular analogue and AZ. Importantly, analogue-induced AZ levels remained elevated with respect to controls even after the native polyamines were reduced by more than 70%. To model the insufficient AZ expression found in certain tumours, GS-CHO (GS Chinese-hamster ovary) cells were transfected to express high levels of exogenic AZI (AZ inhibitor). As anticipated, this clone incorporated significantly higher levels of the polyamine analogues examined. This study reveals a potential limitation in the use of polyamine-based compounds as therapeutics, and strategies are presented to either circumvent or exploit this elegant transport feedback system.
Addressing the Metal Centers of [2×2] CoII4 Grid‐Type Complexes by STM/STS (2005)

The controlled deposition of grid-type [2×2] CoII4 complexes onto graphite rendered free-standing 0D, 1D, and 2D molecular arrangements, which were examined by STM techniques. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) investigations enabled the direct addressing of the metal centers at the single-molecule level (see image). The experimentally determined intramolecular positions of the CoII centers are in agreement with DFT calculations of the molecule.
One year safety and immunogenicity of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19): Final analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 trial in Japan (2023)

AZD1222 is immunogenic and well tolerated in Japanese adults. Expected waning in anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral responses was observed; spike and RBD antibody titers remained elevated. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04568031).
Broadcast encryption with short keys and transmissions (2003)

Broadcast Encryption allows a broadcaster to broadcast an encrypted message so that only a dynamically changing designated group of users can decrypt it. The stateless setting considers the case where the private key at each user is never updated. A central open problem in this area is to design a stateless scheme where both the size of transmission header which encapsulates the session key and the size of private key at each user are small and independent of the number of users (all/privileged/revoked users). We propose schemes that meet this requirement by providing a tradeoff between security against collusion and non-secret storage size. The proposed schemes are based upon new notions of one-way accumulators which are of independent interest.
SCM capacity and NAND over-provisioning requirements for SCM/NAND flash hybrid enterprise SSD (2013)

The required storage class memory (SCM) capacity and NAND over-provisioning (OP) for SCM/NAND hybrid enterprise solid state drive (SSD) are evaluated for various storage workloads. From the worst case simulations (hot and random data intensive workloads), it is found that less than 8% SCM/NAND capacity ratio with below 25% NAND OP is sufficient assuming SCM bit cost is 10-times as high as that of NAND. Other workloads with the exception of all-cold-data case can use less than 4% SCM/NAND capacity ratio with 100% NAND OP. According to the analyses, SCM tends to be cost-effective for the hot workload rather than the random one. Furthermore, the effect of NAND organization on the hybrid SSD write performance is considered. NAND organization with an 8-128KB page size and 1-8MB block size provides the best performance for the hot and random data intensive workloads. From the energy point of view, SCM/NAND hybrid SSD allows larger NAND page sizes compared with NAND-only SSD.
MURINE ALLOGENEIC HEART GRAFT REJECTION IS DEPENDANT ON INDIRECT B7 MEDIATED COSTIMULATION (1999)

192 The CD28/B7 pathway is important for the activation and proliferation of T cells. Previously, CD28 antagonists have been shown to promote long term graft survival and induce donor-specific tolerance. In this study, the role of CD28/B7 co-stimulation and the relative importance of host versus donor B7 expression in allograft rejection was assessed in a murine abdominal vascularized heterotopic heart transplant model. Wild type, CD28 deficient, or B7.1/7.2 deficient mice were grafted with allogeneic wild type or B7.1/7.2 deficient hearts. (Table)TableOur results demonstrate long term allogeneic heart graft survival in mCTLA4Ig treated C57BL/6 mice and B7.1/7.2 deficient recipients. However, mice deficient in CD28 with or without mCTLA4Ig treatment showed no prolongation of graft survival. Donor hearts deficient in B7.1/7.2 did not demonstrate prolongation of graft survival unless they were transplanted into B7.1/7.2 deficient recipients. The fact that B7.1/7.2 deficient recipients treated with anti-CD28 (PV-1) or rhIL-2 reject heart transplants, albeit in a delayed fashion, indicates that these mice are immunologically competent to reject grafts if costimulatory signals are supplied or bypassed. MLR's using responder cells from long term B7.1/7.2 deficient heart transplant recipients do not demonstrate donor specific tolerance, but rather a equal responsiveness to donor and 3rd party. Surprisingly, T cells isolated from mice with long term surviving heart allografts produced increased amounts of IL-2 and IFNγ despite normal graft histology. Thus, we have shown that the expression of recipient B7 is sufficient for murine heart allograft rejection, but donor B7 is not. CD28 deficient recipients are able to reject allogeneic grafts suggesting that these mice may utilize alternative co-stimulatory pathways to respond to allografts.
210 High-Temperature Shape Memory Effect of Ti (Pt, Ir) (2006)

To develop high temperature shape memory alloys, TiPt and TiIr are noted because of their possibility of phase transformation above 1273K. Then, the effects of Iridium (Ir) into TiPt on the constituent phases and the phase transformation temperature were investigated. It was found that the B19 phase appeared up to 37.5at% Ir in Ti (Pt, Ir) and the phase transformation temperature raised from 1303K in TiPt to 1473K in the Ti-12.5Pt-37.5Ir. Shape recovery and superelasticity of Ti-50 (Pt, Ir) were investigated by thermal expansion measurement in dilatometer and loading-unloading compression test. The shape recovery was found in all compounds in at least one of the testing methods. The highest shape recovery, about 4% was found in Ti-25Pt-25Ir using loading-unloading compression test. On the other hand, superelasticity was found in only ternary compounds. Larger superelasticity was observed in ternary compounds with higher Ir contents. Potential of Ti-50 (Pt, Ir) as high-temperature shape memory alloys is discussed.
Progressive Failure Analysis of Composites (2008)

Recent developments in the aircraft industry towards substantially improving fuel economy and extending flight range have accelerated interest in the use of advanced composites as primary structural materials. The airframes of next-generation airliners will have substantial parts made of light-weight composites. This means that the engineering demands on the performance of fiber-reinforced composites will become greater. There is therefore a need to better understand and predict the multiple complex failure mechanisms in composite structures, and to devise more reliable failure theories and damage progression models. There is a large body of literature on progressive damage analysis in composites, much of which employs damage mechanics and material stiffness degradation methods. This article reviews some of the more recent work in this area and describes the issues pertinent to application in composite structures. The authors' ongoing research efforts in modeling and prediction of progressive damage through the relatively novel element-failure method (EFM), which has been coded into a user-defined UEL code in Abaqus, are discussed. In particular, results for notched composite laminates and pin-loaded (PL) analyses are shown and compared to experimental data. Although EFM is the computational platform on which the damage is advanced in the structure, the results are dependent on the choice of the failure criterion. Various failure criteria are used throughout the cases discussed herein, from the more traditional Tsai—Wu (TW) criterion to the very recently proposed micromechanics-based failure (MMF) criterion. The EFM may also be used with cohesive elements, with the former intended for modeling in-plane damage progression, while the latter for delamination onset and propagation. This hybrid EFM-cohesive element approach is illustrated with an analysis of double-notched composite laminate. The computational models are relatively robust up to and including ultimate load, and enable the mapping of extensive damage patterns in composite structures. They represent a suite of computational tools that extend the capability to model damage and failure propagation beyond initial failure prediction.
Turbo fusion of magnitude and phase information for DNN-based phoneme recognition (2017)

In this work we propose the so-called turbo fusion as competitive method for information fusion of Mel-filterbank magnitude and phase feature streams for automatic speech recognition (ASR). Based on the recently introduced turbo ASR paradigm, our contribution is fourfold: First, we introduce DNN-based acoustic modeling into turbo ASR, then we take steps towards LVCSR by omitting the costly state space transform and by investigating the classical TIMIT phoneme recognition task. Finally, replacing the typical stream weighting in fusion methods, we introduce a new dynamic range limitation of the exchanged posteriors between the involved magnitude and phase recognizers, resulting in a smoother information exchange. The proposed turbo fusion outperforms classical benchmarks on the TIMIT dataset both with and without dropout in DNN training, and also is first if compared to several state-of-the-art reference fusion methods.
Constructing Waste: Investigating an alternative ressource for future cities (2015)

ISSN:2339-5427
A randomized controlled study to assess the immunogenicity and tolerability of a 2012 trivalent seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine administered via a disposable syringe jet injector device versus a traditional pre-filled syringe and needle (2013)

The Stratis® disposable syringe jet injection (DSJI) system (PharmaJet Inc., Denver, USA) delivers vaccine utilizing a spring powered energy source to create a fine high-velocity jet of liquid that directly penetrates the skin without using a needle. We performed a study to collect data on the effect of the Stratis DSJI device on influenza immunization in 46 predominantly elderly subjects (28M, 18F; mean age 61 years) who were randomized 1:1 to receive Fluvax 2012 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine via prefilled N–S or Stratis DSJI. H1N1 seroprotection was not significantly different for vaccine delivered by DSJI (86.4%, 95% CI 72.1–100) or N–S (79.2%, 95% CI 63.0–95.4), and likewise for H3N2 and B strains. The DSJI had a ∼2-fold higher mean injection pain score (DSJI: 3.0 versus N–S 1.58, p = 0.045) plus increased rates of swelling and tenderness but this was offset by a lower rate of elicited systemic reactions, particularly the frequency of post-immunization headaches (DSJI: 9% vs N–S: 33.3%). This study suggests that subject to confirmation of non-inferiority in an appropriately powered study, the Stratis DSJI is a viable alternative strategy for the administration of seasonal influenza vaccines with particular appeal for individuals with needle phobia. Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Register: ACTRN12612000709842.
Design of Highly Functional Small-Molecule Catalysts and Related Reactions Based on Acid-Base Combination Chemistry (2007)

The design of small but highly functional artificial catalysts is very important for practical organic synthesis. We have ­succeeded in the rational design of small and simple catalysts and related reactions based on acid-base combination chemistry. Acid-base combined catalysts can be classified into three types: (i) acid-base combined salt catalysts, (ii) conjugate acid-base catalysts, and (iii) nonconjugate acid-base catalysts. We have systematically developed acid-base combined salt catalysts such as ammonium salts, ate complexes, ion pairs and cation-π complexes, acid-base conjugate catalysts such as metal oxides (monoconjugation) and zinc(II)-3,3′-diphosphinol-BINOLates (triconjugation), and acid-base nonconjugate catalysts like l-histidine-derived sulfonamides.
Conformation of Sterically Hindered 4-Methyl-2-oxo-2-trityl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane in the Solid State and the Solution (2011)

The cis- and trans-2-methyl-2-oxo-2-trityl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes were obtained in the Arbuzov reaction of 2-methoxy-4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane with trityl chloride. The NMR spectra (1H, 13C and 31P) in solution indicated that trans isomer exists in the form of two noncongruent molecules and it adopts two different conformations: a halfchair and a sofa, while the cis isomer exists as the mixed half/chair–sofa conformer. The compounds crystallise as a pure chiral forms and as a racemates. The solid state structural studies show that NMR data are consistent with the single crystal X-ray analysis, but the conformation existing in the crystal structure is more complex than it can be supposed on sole NMR determination. Crystal data: cis-isomer chiral form: space group P32, a = 8.782, b = 8.782, c = 21.680, α = 90.00, β = 90.00, γ = 120.00, V = 1448.0; cis-isomer racemate: space group Pca21, a = 16.773, b = 8.491, c = 27.006, α = 90.00, β = 90.00, γ = 90.00, V = 3846.2; trans-isomer racemate: space group Cc, a = 16.133, b = 8.388, c = 16.158, α = 90.00, β = 117.20, γ = 90.00, V = 1944.8; trans-isomer chiral form: space group P 1, a = 8.397, b = 9.003, c = 14.944, α = 80.76, β = 74.38, γ = 63.31, V = 971.1). The cis- and trans-2-methyl-2-oxo-2-trityl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes were obtained in the Arbuzov reaction of 2-methoxy-4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane with trityl chloride. The obtained compounds were characterized by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy in solid state and solution.
Theoretical Prediction of Antiproliferative Activity against Murine Leukemia Tumor Cell Line (L1210). 3D‐Morse Descriptor and its Application in Computational Chemistry (2008)

Abstract Cancer is among the top ten causes of death in the world but in spite of the efforts of the pharmaceutical companies and many governmental organizations, new and more effective drugs are urgently needed. Computer‐assisted studies have been widely used to predict anticancer activity taking into account different molecular descriptors, statistical techniques, cell lines, and datasets of congeneric and non‐congeneric compounds.
Influence of Fractional CO_2 Laser and Nd : YAG Laser on the Expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in Aging Mice Skin (2013)

Objective To detect the MMP-1 and TIMP-1 of the skins after application of fractional CO2 laser and Nd: YAG laser in aging mice, and primarily explore the mechanism of light rejuvenation. Methods Fractional CO2 and Nd: YAG laser irradiated mice back removed-hair skin one times every ten days, totally four times. After irradiation at the time of two week, one month and three month respectively, the skin tissues in exposure area and control area were choosen for immunohistochemical detection of MMP-1 and TIMP-1; their dynamic changes were analyzed.Results Fractional CO2 laser and Nd: YAG laser promoted the production of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 of skins in exposed areas. Both fraction CO2 and Nd: YAG laser, the positive expression MMP-1 and TIMP-1 at two weeks in exposure zone were the most obvious; and fractional CO2 laser was more productive than Nd: YAG laser. Conclusion Fractional CO2 and Nd: YAG laser exposure enhance the expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1, and the application of fractional CO2 laser were better than that of Nd: YAG laser.
Gender- and Sexual Orientation– Based Inequities: Promoting Inclusion, Visibility, and Data Accuracy in Oncology (2022)

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people, including agender, asexual, bisexual, gay, gender diverse, genderqueer, genderfluid, intersex, lesbian, nonbinary, pansexual, queer, and transgender people, comprise approximately 10% or more of the U.S. population. Thus, most oncologists see SGM patients whether they know it or not. SGM people experience stigma and structural discrimination that lead to cancer disparities. Because of the lack of systematic and comprehensive data collection, data regarding SGM cancer incidence, outcomes, and treatment responses are limited. Collection of data regarding sexual orientation, gender identity, transgender identity and/or experience, anatomy, and serum hormone concentrations in oncology settings would drastically increase collective knowledge about the impact of stigma and biologic markers on cancer outcomes. Increasing the safety of oncology settings for SGM people will require individual, institutional, and systems changes that will likely improve oncologic care for all patients.
The WUR0000125 PRRS resilience SNP had no apparent effect on pigs’ infectivity and susceptibility in a novel transmission trial (2023)

The novel design demonstrated that it is possible to estimate genotype effects on Shedder pig infectivity and Contact pig susceptibility that are not confounded by family effects. The study, however, provided no supportive evidence that genetic selection on WUR genotype would affect PRRSV-2 transmission. The results of this study need to be independently validated in a larger trial using different PRRSV strains before dismissing the effects of the WUR marker or the previously detected GBP5 gene on PRRSV transmission.