gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification problem for 3-D anisotropic Preisach model of vector hysteresis (1988)

3-D anisotropic vector Preisach models of hysteresis are discussed, and the identification problem of fitting these models to experimental data is posed. By using some simple facts from the theory of irreducible representations of the group of rotations, it is shown that this identification problem can be reduced to the solution of some special integral equations. Different techniques for the solution of these equations are explored.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Surface Coating Technique for Revealing Grain Structures in Alumina (1988)

An alternative technique, not involving heat treatment, has been found to be useful in studying the microstructures of some commercial polycrystalline alumina envelopes used for sodium‐vapor lamps.
Sick Buildings or Not: Indoor Air Quality and Health Problems in Schools (2007)

Poor indoor air in schools has become a wide-spread problem with serious effects on occupant health. Resultant costs can be considerable at both local and national government levels. These include absenteeism and rehabilitation as well as building alterations and even demolition and rebuilding. This project aims to show factors contributing to health problems in Swedish schools. It includes a literature survey and particle measurements taken during various activities. Due to the fact that today there is no standard for indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools, in this project we used the outdoor air surrounding the building as an indicator. Results showed that indoor school environments had high airborne pollution levels, to a degree that probably causes health problems for many people. Regarding IAQ, this project shows the importance of taking into consideration choices in activities and furnishing of the building.
Mobile trolley for material handling: design approach (2005)

Variety of mobile robots have been developed to cater to the needs of the industries [1]. In this work we propose development of a mobile trolley for handling material in industrial environment. The mobile trolley design has been implemented and tested under no load and load conditions. The performance of the system is satisfactory.
On the Iron(V) Reactivity of an Aggressive Tail‐Fluorinated Tetraamido Macrocyclic Ligand (TAML) Activator (2015)

Abstract The electronic properties of iron tetraamido macrocyclic ligand (TAML) activators of peroxides can be finely and coarsely tuned by varying the substituents on the “head” and “tail” macrocyclic components, respectively. By examining the reactivity of the TAML oxidoiron(V) complex with head‐NO 2 and tail‐F substituents, one is able to compare the impact of significantly reduced macrocyclic tetraamide donor capacity on fundamental processes such as hydrogen‐atom abstraction, oxygen‐atom transfer, and electron transfer by using prior studies with more electron‐rich TAML systems. Herein, we demonstrate that the oxidoiron(V) form 3c can be generated by treatment of [Fe{4‐NO 2 C 6 H 3 ‐1,2‐(N 2 COCMe 2 N 3 CO) 2 CF 2 ( Fe–N 2 )( Fe–N 3 )}(OH 2 )] – ( 1c ) with m ‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid ( m CPBA) in MeCN at –40 °C. The oxidation proceeds through the intermediacy of the μ‐oxo[iron(IV)] 2 dimer. The overall rate of the Fe III →Fe V conversion by m CPBA is slightly faster for 1c than that of its less electron‐rich precursor [Fe{C 6 H 4 ‐1,2‐(N 1 COCMe 2 N 2 CO) 2 CMe 2 ( Fe–N 1 )( Fe–N 2 )}(OH 2 )] – ( 1a ). Nevertheless, the oxidative reactivity of 3c toward thioanisole and the hydrocarbons ethylbenzene and cyclohexane exceeds that of 3a by 4.3, 2.1, and 2.6 times, respectively. The reactivity of 3c is significantly greater towards ethylbenzene than that of the oxidoiron(V) species 3b derived from [Fe{C 6 H 4 ‐1,2‐(N 1 COCMe 2 N 2 CO) 2 NMe( Fe–N 1 )( Fe–N 2 )}(OH 2 )] – ( 1b ).
Generation of higher pressure pulses at the surface of piezo-composite materials using electrical pre-strain (2004)

New clinical concepts in lithotripsy demand smaller shock heads. Reducing the size of piezoelectric shock heads requires increasing the surface pressure of each transducer so that the total pressure at the focus remains the same. A new method allowing generation of large surface pressures is described. The hypothesis is that piezoelectric plots in piezo-composite material are more fragile in extension than in compression. For this reason, actuators are mechanically prestressed between two flasks. This method cannot be used for transducers working at high frequencies, such as 0.5 MHz. So we tried to electrically prestrain compressively the piezoelectric material by applying a high-electrical field in the opposite direction of polarization. Three protocols were tested and compared to classically driven transducers. In the first protocol, prestrain is permanently applied, in the second protocol prestrain is applied for 100 micros before the compressive impulse, and in the third protocol prestrain is applied for 100 micros and followed by a bipolar field that allows the material to be repoled between two successive pulses. With the two first protocols, rapid depoling and repoling in the opposite direction was noticed. Only with the last protocol was it possible to increase the maximum surface pressure. This increase was approximately the same whether the material was hard or soft. Using this protocol, aging tests were conducted on three samples of each kind of material, and a pressure of 4 MPa was obtained over 10(6) shocks. This value seems to be enough to develop a piezoelectric shock-wave generator with a diameter of approximately 20 cm instead of the 45-cm commercially available.
Supplemental Tables S1-S7 from Modulating Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Lineage Potential to Prevent Bone Metastasis in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Functionally enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and differentially enriched genes for the RNA-sequencing tables and heatmaps included in the manuscript text.&lt;/p&gt;
Many-Objective Maritime Path Planning for Dynamic and Uncertain Environments (2021)

Weather-impacted asset routing is a complex problem, involving nonlinear, non-convex costs due to spatiotemporally varying uncertainty of weather parameters over a finite time horizon. To this end, we have augmented a previously published tool for multiobjective planning and asset routing, termed TMPLAR, with a new approximate dynamic programming-based Pareto optimization (NAPO) algorithm. TMPLAR is a mixed-initiative tool to solve the asset routing problem in dynamic and uncertain environments. It is built upon multi-objective dynamic programming algorithms to route assets in a timely fashion, while considering objectives, such as fuel efficiency, voyage time, distance, and adherence to real world constraints (asset vehicle limits, navigator-specified deadlines, etc.). The asset routing problem is exacerbated by the need to address multiple conflicting objectives, spatial and temporal uncertainty associated with the weather and multiple constraints on asset operation. The NAPO algorithm optimizes weather-based objectives in a reasonable amount of time, optimizing arrival and departure times at waypoints, asset speed and bearing. The key algorithmic contribution is a fast approximate method for substantially containing the computational complexity by generating the Pareto-front of the multi-objective shortest path problem for networks with stochastic non-convex edge costs, utilizing approximate dynamic programming and clustering techniques. The proposed algorithm is validated and we compare its performance with the new approach to multi-objective A* (NAMOA*).
A novel method for visualizing and tracking endogenous mRNA in a specific cell population in pathological neovascularization (2021)

Diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and retinal vein occlusion are potentially blinding conditions largely due to their respective neovascular components. The development of real-time in vivo molecular imaging methods, to assess levels of retinal neovascularization (NV), would greatly benefit patients afflicted with these conditions. mRNA hybridization techniques offer a potential method to image retinal NV. The success of these techniques hinges on the selection of a target mRNA whose tissue levels and spatial expression patterns correlate closely with disease burden. Using a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), we previously observed dramatic increases in retinal endoglin that localized to neovascular structures (NV), directly correlating with levels of neovascular pathology. Based on these findings, we have investigated Endoglin mRNA as a potential marker for imaging retinal NV in OIR mice. Also of critical importance, is the application of innovative technologies capable of detecting mRNAs in living systems with high sensitivity and specificity. To detect and visualize endoglin mRNA in OIR mice, we have designed and synthesized a novel imaging probe composed of short-hairpin anti-sense (AS) endoglin RNA coupled to a fluorophore and black hole quencher (AS-Eng shRNA). This assembly allows highly sensitive fluorescence emission upon hybridization of the AS-Eng shRNA to cellular endoglin mRNA. The AS-Eng shRNA is further conjugated to a diacyl-lipid (AS-Eng shRNA-lipid referred to as probe). The lipid moiety binds to serum albumin facilitating enhanced systemic circulation of the probe. OIR mice received intraperitoneal injections of AS-Eng shRNA-lipid. Ex vivo imaging of their retinas revealed specific endoglin mRNA dependent fluorescence superimposed on neovascular structures. Room air mice receiving AS-Eng shRNA-lipid and OIR mice receiving a non-sense control probe showed little fluorescence activity. In addition, we found that cells in neovascular lesions labelled with endoglin mRNA dependent fluorescence, co-labelled with the macrophage/microglia-associated marker IBA1. Others have shown that cells expressing macrophage/microglia markers associate with retinal neovascular structures in proportion to disease burden. Hence we propose that our probe may be used to image and to estimate the levels of retinal neovascular disease in real-time in living systems.
Cholelithiasis is an additional pre-pregnancy clinical risk factor for preeclampsia (2023)

Cholelithiasis is a clinical risk factor for preeclampsia which has not previously been reported. If confirmed by additional studies it may have utility in routine prenatal screening and provide insight into the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
Open system protocols for aviation data link applications (2002)

Discusses the advantages to the aviation data link community of employing "open system" design in the data link communications system architecture. The two candidate open system protocols, ATN and Internet, have been outlined and compared against a set of criteria for aviation data link applications. It is argued that the Internet protocols should be selected as the communications framework for aviation data link. A design for inter-operating the Internet protocols over the existing VDL-2 subnetwork has been proposed and outlined. It appears to provide all the benefits of the Internet open system approach while simultaneously supporting the ATN (if desired). Future work in this area clearly involves finishing the development and prototyping of the VDL-2/LP DLP design. Internet DLP designs for other aviation data link subnetworks need to be developed.
Impact of Mitochondrion-Targeting Group on the Reactivity and Cytostatic Pathway of Platinum(IV) Complexes (2018)

Platinum(IV) complexes are prodrugs of cisplatin with multiple potential advantages over platinum(II) drugs. Mitochondria play pivotal roles in producing energy and inducing death of cancer cells. Two platinum(IV) complexes, namely, c,c,t-[Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>(OH)(OCOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>PPh<sub>3</sub>)]Br and c,c,t-[Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>(OCOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>, were designed to explore the effect of mitochondrion-targeting group(s) on the bioactivity and cytotoxicity of platinum(IV) complexes. The complexes were characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and multinuclear (<sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, <sup>31</sup>P, and <sup>195</sup>Pt) NMR spectroscopy. The introduction of triphenylphosphonium targeting group(s) markedly influences the reactivity and cytotoxicity of the Pt(IV) complexes. The targeted complex displays more potent disruptive effect on mitochondria but less inhibitory effect on cancer cells than cisplatin. The lipophilicity of the Pt(IV) complexes is enhanced by the targeting group(s), while their reactivity to DNA is decreased. As a result, the mitochondrial morphology and adenosine triphosphate producing ability are impaired, which constitutes an alternative pathway to inhibit cancer cells. This study shows that both the reactivity of platinum(IV) center and the property of axial targeting ligand exert influences on the cytotoxicity of targeted Pt(IV) complexes. For targeting groups with pharmacological activities, their intrinsic function could enrich the anticancer mechanism of Pt(IV) complexes.
Tenebrosin-A, a new cardiostimulant protein from the Australian sea anemone Actinia tenebrosa. (1987)

A new cardiac stimulatory protein, tenebrosin-A, has been isolated from the Australian sea anemone Actinia tenebrosa by gel filtration and cation-exchange chromatography, followed by cation-exchange HPLC. Its purity is established by analytical reversed-phase HPLC and N-terminal sequence analysis. According to SDS-PAGE, its apparent Mr is 20,000 daltons. Amino acid analysis indicates that it contains 186 residues, and is devoid of cysteine or cystine. Tenebrosin-A exerts a strong positive inotropic effect on isolated guinea pig atria at a concentration of 1.4 nM, with little chronotropic activity.
Alveolar macrophages are required for protective pulmonary defenses in murine Klebsiella pneumonia: elimination of alveolar macrophages increases neutrophil recruitment but decreases bacterial clearance and survival (1997)

To study the in vivo role of alveolar macrophages (AM) in gram-negative bacterial pneumonia in mice, AM were eliminated by the intratracheal (i.t.) administration of dichloromethylene diphosphonate encapsulated liposomes. Subsequently, the AM-depleted mice were infected i.t. with 100 CFU of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the effects of AM depletion on survival, bacterial clearance, and neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte [PMN]) recruitment were assessed. It was shown that depletion of AM decreases survival dramatically, with 100% lethality at day 3 postinfection, versus 100% long-term survival in the control group. This increased mortality was accompanied by 20- to 27- and 3- to 10-fold increases in the number of K. pneumoniae CFU in lung and plasma, respectively, compared to those in nondepleted animals. This decreased bacterial clearance was not due to an impaired PMN recruitment; on the contrary, the K. pneumoniae-induced PMN recruitment in AM-depleted lungs was sevenfold greater 48 h postinfection than that in control infected lungs. Together with an increased PMN infiltration, 3- and 10-fold increases in lung homogenate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) levels, respectively, were measured. Neutralization of TNF-alpha or MIP-2, 2 h before infection, reduced the numbers of infiltrating PMN by 41.6 and 64.2%, respectively, indicating that these cytokines mediate PMN influx in infected lungs, rather then just being produced by the recruited PMN themselves. Our studies demonstrate, for the first time, the relative importance of the AM in the containment and clearance of bacteria in the setting of Klebsiella pneumonia.
Micropatterned Thermoresponsive Surfaces by Polymerization of Monomer Crystals: Modulating Cellular Morphology and Cell–Substrate Interactions (2012)

A novel and facile approach has been developed to create thermoresponsive surfaces with macroscale patterns together with microscale features. The surface patterns were formed by applying macroscale nucleation agent patterns onto saturated N-isopropylacrylamide monomer solution membranes to induce the divergent growth of needlelike monomer crystals; the patterned monomer crystals were then photopolymerized to form patterned thermoresponsive films. A series of analytical tools (i.e., scanning electron microscopy, profilometry, and contact angle measurement) were used to characterize the properties of the patterned films. Cell coculture on this patterned thermoresponsive films enables cell separation and sorting by modulating temperature- and topography-dependent cell-substrate interactions and cell morphology, respectively. This versatile technique allows the formation of various macroscale patterns with microscale features over large areas, and on most solid substrates, within minutes, all of this without the need for expensive equipment and facilities. Such patterned surfaces can act as both in vitro tumor models and separation platforms for cancer studies. This method can also be applied to other cell-based biological studies and clinical applications.
Spatial structure and the mechanism of tyrosine phenol-lyase and tryptophan indole-lyase (2009)

The bacterial tyrosine phenol-lyase (EC 4.1.99.2) and tryptoptophan indole-lyase (EC 4.1.99.1) belong to pyridoxal-5'-phosphate dependent beta-eliminating lyases, catalysing the reversible decomposition of L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan to pyruvate, ammonia, and phenol or indole correspondingly. Data on the three dimentional structures of the holoenzymes of tyrosine phenol-lyase and tryptophan indole-lyase and several enzyme-inhibitor complexes, modeling distinct reaction stages of the beta-elimination of L-tyrosine are described in the paper and structural bases of monovalent cations influence of activity of the enzymes are discussed. The spectral and catalytic properties of the mutant enzymes were studied. The data thus obtained have allowed us to elucidate the catalytic functions of a number of amino acid residues and conclude that the acid-base properties of the catalytic groups of the enzymes under the optimal for the catalysis conditions in hydrophobic active sites of tyrosine phenol-lyase and tryptoptophan indol-lyase are different from those in water solutions. Study of the mechanisms of labilization of Calpha-proton of the bound amino acids and activation of the leaving groups of the substrates during the catalytic process has demonstrated that in certain cases concerted reaction pathways are realized instead of stepwise ones.
Point exposure distribution measurements for proximity correction in electron beam lithography on a sub-100 nm scale (1987)

The exposure distribution function in electron beam lithography, which is needed to perform proximity correction, is usually simulated by Monte Carlo techniques, assuming a Gaussian distribution of the primary beam. The resulting backscattered part of the exposure distribution is usually also fitted to a Gaussian term. In this paper we demonstrate a technique, using a very high contrast resist, whereby the normalized point exposure distribution can be measured experimentally, both on solid substrates which cause backscattering, and on thin substrates where backscattering is negligible. The data sets so obtained can be applied directly to proximity correction and represent the practical conditions met in pattern writing. Results are presented of the distributions obtained on silicon, gallium arsenide, and thin silicon nitride substrates at different beam energies. Significant deviations from the commonly assumed double Gaussian distributions are apparent. On GaAs substrates the backscatter distribution cannot adequately be described by a Gaussian function. Even on silicon a significant amount of exposure is found in the transition region between the two Gaussian terms. This deviation, which can be due to non-Gaussian tails in the primary beam and to forward scattering in the resist, must be taken into account for accurate proximity correction in most submicron lithography, and certainly on the sub-100 nm scale.
Heat-actuated metal hydride hydrogen compressor testing (1985)

Electric utilities use hydrogen for cooling turbine generators. The majority of the utilities purchase the gas from industrial gas markets. On-site electrolytic hydrogen production may prove advantageous both logistically and economically. In order to demonstrate this concept, Public Service Electric and Gas Co. (PSE and G) and EPRI installed an electrolyzer at the Sewaren (NJ) station. To compress the gas, PSE and G purchased a heat-activated metal hydride compressor from Ergenics, Inc. This report describes closed- and open-cycle tests conducted on this metal hydride hydrogen compressor. Test systems, plans, methodologies, and results are presented. A brief discussion evaluates these performance results, addresses some of the practical problems involved with electrolyzer-compressor interface, and compares the costs and benefits of metal hydride versus mechanical hydrogen compression for utility generator cooling.
Effects of the polyamine analogs BE-3-7-3, 3-8-3, and BE-3-8-3 on human brain tumor cell growth and survival. (1993)

Based on computer modeling, physicochemical studies of spermine-DNA interactions, and cell culture experiments, we hypothesized that polyamine analogs with hydrocarbon chain lengths differing from natural polyamines and a stronger affinity for nucleic acids than spermine should have a cellular antiproliferative effect. We tested three spermine analogs with long hydrocarbon chains, 1,16-diamino-4,12-diazahexadecane (3-8-3), 1,16-bis(ethyl)amino-4,12-diazahexadecane (BE-3-8-3), and 1,15-bis(ethyl)amino-4,11-diazapentadecane (BE-3-7-3) in human brain tumor cell lines U-251 MG, SF-126, and SF-188. Analog concentrations < or = 5 microM inhibited growth and colony-forming efficiency in each cell line by treatment day 5, with significant decreases in putrescine and spermidine, but not spermine, levels. These findings suggest that potentially cytotoxic polyamine analogs can be specified on the basis of their hydrocarbon chain length and DNA affinity.
Effects of high-intensity solar radiation on carbon fibers (1991)

Very large thermal gradients have been developed in the areas of metals processing, and high-energy incoherent light is currently in use for rapid thermal annealing in the semiconductor processing industry. The combination of the large thermal gradient that is characteristic of the solar furnace, coupled with the wide spectral distribution of solar radiation was thought to lead to unique and useful modifications of materials. Thus, the objective of this project was to develop carbon fibers with improved oxidation resistance or novel properties through the use of the unique characteristics of concentrated solar energy. In the course of this project, a method and apparatus for continuous roll-to-roll exposure of carbon fibers (or other materials) to high-intensity solar radiation were developed. As a result of this project it has been proven that the exposure to high-intensity solar radiation conducted in the Georgia Tech solar furnace is not a conventional graphitization heat treatment. However, it was not possible to conclude with statistical confidence as a result of the tests conducted here that solar exposure of carbon fibers affects oxidation resistance. 50 figs., 9 tabs.