gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Image is Worth More Than a Thousand Words: Towards Disentanglement in\n the Wild (2021)

Unsupervised disentanglement has been shown to be theoretically impossible\nwithout inductive biases on the models and the data. As an alternative\napproach, recent methods rely on limited supervision to disentangle the factors\nof variation and allow their identifiability. While annotating the true\ngenerative factors is only required for a limited number of observations, we\nargue that it is infeasible to enumerate all the factors of variation that\ndescribe a real-world image distribution. To this end, we propose a method for\ndisentangling a set of factors which are only partially labeled, as well as\nseparating the complementary set of residual factors that are never explicitly\nspecified. Our success in this challenging setting, demonstrated on synthetic\nbenchmarks, gives rise to leveraging off-the-shelf image descriptors to\npartially annotate a subset of attributes in real image domains (e.g. of human\nfaces) with minimal manual effort. Specifically, we use a recent language-image\nembedding model (CLIP) to annotate a set of attributes of interest in a\nzero-shot manner and demonstrate state-of-the-art disentangled image\nmanipulation results.\n
Congestion-distortion optimized scheduling of video over a bottleneck link (2005)

Recent research on multimedia scheduling has focused on minimizing the rate-distortion cost of transmission policies. This tradeoff only partially reflects the network congestion a media stream may generate on bandwidth-limited channels. We introduce the concept of congestion-distortion optimized streaming and propose a scheduler which attempts to minimize the Lagrangian cost of end-to-end delay and media distortion. Experiments for video on a simulated network illustrate the performance of the scheduler. Compared to a state-of-the-art scheduler, the proposed algorithm reduces end-to-end delay by approximately 50% while improving the video quality by up to 3 dB.
Theory of swelling and irradiation creep (1977)

The rate theory for swelling and irradiation creep is shown to originate from averaging microscopic diffusion equations over spatial dimensions of the order of the sink spacings and over time intervals of the order of the lifetime of collision cascades. The inherent assumptions that go into the calculations of the rate coefficients and the production rate for point defects are briefly discussed. (GHT)
Doctrinal Feedback and (Un)Reasonable Care (2008)

The law frequently derives its content from the practices of the community it regulates. Examples are legion: Tort's reasonable care standard demands that we all exercise the prudence of an ordinary person. Ambiguous contracts find meaning in custom and usage of trade. The Fourth Amendment examines our collective expectations of privacy. And so on. This recourse to real-world circumstance has in-tuitive appeal, in that it helps courts resolve fact-dependent disputes and lends legitimacy to their judgments. Yet real-world practice can depart from that which the law expects. For example, suppose a physician provides more than reasonable care - extra tests, unneeded procedures, etc. - so as to steer clear of tort liability's considerable gray area. If other physicians follow suit, their precautions slowly but surely become the new legal norm, as the reasonable care standard dutifully absorbs the conduct of those it governs. Instead of discouraging wasteful practices, then, the law feeds them back into doctrine, transforming overcompliance into mere compliance and ratcheting up the standard of care. Overcautious physicians consequently have to do even more to steer clear of liability, and the cycle begins anew. This Article provides a general model of this doctrinal phenomenon and then applies it to medical malpractice, where tort's reasonable care standard has caused an unhealthy and unappreciated feedback effect and has led the law to require an unreasonable level of care. In doing so, it reveals feedback's surprisingly common formative factors and demonstrates its potential to skew legal norms in a variety of otherwise dissimilar fields.
Material Toughness and Residual Strength of Damage Tolerant Aircraft Structures (1971)

Fracture tests were conducted on precracked panels reinforced with various crack stoppers. Motion pictures and continuous graphical records of load and local strains were taken during the tests. The purpose of these tests was to study variables affecting residual strength of reinforced panels. Results show that, for 2024-T3 aluminum skin panels reinforced with riveted or bonded flat straps made of various alloys, the residual strength increases with the product of reinforcement area and reinforcement strength. Reinforcement stiffness, which is of primary importance for other classes of panel configurations, was found not to be a significant variable for the panel configurations tested. A crack opening displacement model is proposed to illustrate the influence of the reinforcements, the skin fracture toughness, and the slow stable tear characteristics on the arrest of a stably propagating crack. The model helps to elucidate the interactions between skin variables and reinforcement variables.
GaN-Based Dual-Mode Wireless Power Transfer Using Multifrequency Programmed Pulse Width Modulation (2017)

Multifrequency wireless power transfer (WPT) is advantageous in facilitating compatibility with different WPT standards. However, implementing a multifrequency transmitter often requires compromises in system size, complexity, power transfer capability, or output regulation. In this paper, a single-inverter-based dual-mode WPT system is proposed. The system employs a multifrequency programmed pulse width modulation scheme. This multifrequency modulated inverter can simultaneously generate and regulate 100-kHz and 6.78-MHz outputs, or multiple frequencies within ranges of 87-300 kHz, which facilitates the development of multistandard WPT technology for consumer electronics. The principle of the proposed modulation is illustrated, where two different frequencies are concurrently modulated using a programmed pulse train of square waveforms for power delivery, while eliminating certain harmonics. Design tradeoffs and constraints are examined through analytical circuit models. Finally, experimental results are provided to verify the method on a gallium-nitride-based WPT prototype.
Preparation of low-temperature fluorinated oxides by anodic oxidation in dilute hydrofluosilicic acid (H2SiF6) solution (1997)

Anodic oxidation at room temperature in dilute H2SiF6 solution is proposed as a method to grow the low-temperature fluorinated oxides. It was found that two competing mechanisms exist in anodization. One is the growing mechanism due to constant current anodization and the other is the etching mechanism due to the existing HF solution. It was observed that fluorine atoms are incorporated into the anodic oxides. A growth rate of about 1 μm/h was found that is much higher than by liquid phase deposition (LPD) techinques reported nowadays. Also, the anodic oxides show less leakage current and higher breakdown field properties than the conventional LPD oxides. An excellent breakdown field strength of 10 MV/cm was found in this work.
The Diuretic Indapamide Increases Bone Mass and Decreases Bone Resorption in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Supplemented with Sodium (1998)

Abstract Clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that thiazide diuretics can prevent bone loss and decrease the incidence of hip fractures. However, the mechanism of the effect of diuretics on bone is not clearly established. Indapamide (IDP), a sulfonamide diuretic related to thiazides, is used to treat hypertension. Sixty spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were divided into four groups and treated with or without IDP (1.5 mg/kg/day) during 8 weeks in the presence or absence of a high sodium load (8% NaCl supplementation in the diet). Sodium and calcium excretions were increased in the rats receiving the high sodium load (SHR + 8% NaCl) comparatively with control rats (SHR). IDP decreased and increased, respectively, calcium and sodium excretions. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) was unchanged in any group. Bone density was measured at the femur, tibia, and vertebrae, and bone morphometry was performed at the metaphysis of the femur to evaluate bone architecture. Rats fed a high sodium diet had an average 5.5% decreased bone density at every site except the femoral diaphysis. The trabecular bone volume was also decreased (SHR + 8% NaCl vs. SHR, 11.99 ± 0.78 vs. 17.51 ± 1.5%, p &amp;lt; 0.05). An increase in trabecular separation suggested that these changes were due to increased bone resorption. In the SHR + 8% NaCl + IDP group, IDP increased bone density and trabecular bone volume (SHR + 8% NaCl + IDP vs. SHR + 8% NaCl, 16.52 ± 1.04 vs. 11.99 ± 0.78%, p &amp;lt; 0.05). Trabecular separation and pyridinoline/creatinine excretion (SHR + 8% NaCl + IDP vs. SHR + 8% NaCl, 136.39 ± 9.62 vs. 195.18 ± 22.34 nmol/mmol, p &amp;lt; 0.05) were also decreased by IDP. These results show that in rats receiving a high sodium diet, IDP can reverse sodium-induced bone loss and increased bone resorption independently of changes in serum PTH.
Th1→Th2 IMMUNE DEVIATION FACILITATES, BUT DOES NOT CARSE TOLERANCE (1999)

1025 We have previously reported that Th1→Th2 immune deviation is far more effective in promoting tolerance in situations involving a limited T-cell clone, such as T cell dependent autoimmunity and the transplantation across minor, but not major, histocompatibility barriers. In this study we sought to test the hypothesis that while Th1 to Th2 immune deviation failed to induce tolerance in a MHC mismatched islet allograft model, it may promote a state that is permissive for tolerance induction. Crude islets were harvested from DBA/2 (H-2d) donor and transplanted into B6AF1 (H-2b/kd) recipient mice which were rendered diabetic by single injection of streptozotocin. B6AF1 recipients received (i) no treatment (n=8); (ii) anti-IL-12 at a dose of 1 mg i.p. on day 0, 2 and 4 of transplantation (n=6); (iii) CTLA4/Ig at 0.1 mg i.p. QDx11 starting on the day of transplantation (n=8); (iv) combined anti-IL-12 with CTLA4/Ig (n=5); (v) IL-4/Ig at a low dose of 0.2 μg i.p. QDx14 started on the day of transplantation (n=6); (vi) IL-4/Ig at a high dose of 2 μg i.p. QDx14 starting on the day of transplantation (n=6); (vii) combined CTLA4/Ig with low dose IL-4/Ig (n=5); (viii) combined CTLA4/Ig with high dose of IL-4/Ig. Results: Treatment with anti-IL-12 mAb in this islet allograft model is highly effective in inducing a Th2 type of response with intragraft up-regulation of IL-4 and IL-10 gene expression and down-regulation of IL-2 and IFNγ gene expression. The allograft survival times are: (Table)TableConclusion: 1) Th1 → Th2 immune deviation, induced by anti-IL-12 mAb, does not result in allograft tolerance of MHC mismatched islets, but promotes tolerance induction in conjunction with CTLA4/Ig. 2) Administration of a long-lasting Th2 cytokine, IL-4/Ig, does not result in allograft tolerance. 3) Administration of IL-4/Ig at a low dose promotes tolerance induction in conjunction with CTLA4/Ig. 4) Administration of IL-4/Ig at a high dose prevents CTLA4/Ig induced tolerance.
Safety and Proof-of-Concept Efficacy of Inhaled Drug Loaded Nano- and Immunonanoparticles in a c-Raf Transgenic Lung Cancer Model (2012)

Pulmonary delivery of drug-loaded nanoparticles is a novel approach for lung cancer treatment and the conjugation of nanoparticles to a targeting ligand further promotes specificity of the carrier cargo to cancer cells. Notably, the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM, CD326) is over expressed in lung cancer. Here, we report the safety and proof-of-concept efficacy of drug-loaded nanoparticles and EpCAM immunonanoparticles in a c-Raf transgenic lung cancer model. PEG-PLA nanoparticles and immunonanoparticles were prepared whereby paclitaxel palmitate (Pcpl) was incorporated as a medication for its common use in lung cancer treatment. Four doses of aerosolized nanoparticle formulations or vehicle were endotracheally administered to mice by consecutive or alternate regimes. Pulmonary delivery of drug loaded nano- and/or immunonanoparticle formulations elicited mild inflammation as evidenced by the slightly increased neutrophil and activated macrophage counts in bronchoalveolar lavage. No evidence for pulmonary toxicity following treatment with either blank or drug-loaded nano- and/or immunonanoparticles was observed. Proof-ofconcept efficacy was determined by serial CT scanning and histopathology. Animals treated with either EpCAM antibody or Pcpl solution or drug loaded nano- or immunonanoparticles inhibited disease progression. Conversely, disease progression was noted with vehicle treated animals with nearly 30% loss of their aerated lung volume. Importantly, treatment of mice with either Pcpl or EpCAM antibody solution caused 80% mortality and/or haemorrhage, respectively, thus causing unacceptable toxicity. In contrast, the survival of animals treated with either nano- or immunonanoparticles was 60 and 70%, respectively. Keywords: Computed-tomography imaging, c-raf transgenic mice, EpCAM drug-loaded immunonanoparticles, proof-ofconcept study, safety and efficacy, treatment of lung cancer
Partial Genetic Characterization of West Nile Virus Strains, New York State, 2000 (2001)

10.3201/eid0704.017408
Development of OmniServer (2002)

An overview is given of the OmniServer product set, which addresses the needs for file management and information management in a computer network. OmniServer provides an interface for manual and/or automatic methods to archive and back up local files from client systems to a central permanent-life system where files are stored in a hierarchical storage repository. The workstation user is provided with a command interface to use as an extension of the client's operating system environment to better manage his/her file space. The user is provided access to a database of information about the files stored in OmniServer. Administrators can centrally control and account for usage of files stored. Tools for managing the migration and release of disk files to multiple choices of mass storage systems are provided. The server system provides a centrally managed cost-effective hierarchical storage repository with various levels of performance and capacity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Patient outcomes influenced by reduced lymphocyte counts after dimethyl fumarate initiation (2017)

Reductions in ALC values at months 3 and 6 after treatment initiation appear to be associated with improved clinical and radiologic outcomes. These data alone may help to provide a better understanding of both the safety and efficacy of DMF.
Investigating casi Responses to Different Levels of Tailing Oxidation: Inco Copper Cliff Tailings area, Northern Ontario, Canada (2000)

Sulphide-rich tailings cause acid mine drainage (AMD) when they are in contact with oxygen and water. AMD can contaminate surface and ground water, which in turn can degrade the quality of the environment. Knowledge of the progress of oxidation and also the spatial distribution of tailings materials are of considerable importance when developing programs to provide effective control of tailings sites. In this paper, the potential of Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (casi) data for providing information on variations in the oxidation of tailings is investigated. &amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt; Spectral-mode casi data were acquired on August 19, 1998 in 72 bands covering the wavelength range of 400 nm to 950 nm. Twenty-one tailings samples were collected concurrently with the casi overflight. Reflectance was measured at all the sample locations using a GER 3700 spectrometer. Sample spectra from the GER were matched with the minerals from the USGS spectral library. Spectral matching revealed that the most likely minerals on this site are pyrite, pyrrhotite, jarosite, and goethite. Image spectra extracted from the casi data over the same sample locations were also matched to the USGS spectral library. Similar results were found in spite of the limited spectral coverage of the casi. Spectral unmixing of a test site within the casi imagery demonstrated the potential of this instrument to provide information on separating the zones of varying oxidation in the tailings. However, no direct relationships were found between the oxidation phases and the age of the tailings.
198 Effects of different dietary standardized ileal digestible lysine specifications on growth performance of grow-finish pigs (2020)

Abstract The objective was to determine the effects of different standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) specifications on performance of grow-finish pigs. A total of 2,106 pigs (PIC 359×Camborough, initially 22.0±0.43 kg) were used in a 72-d growth trial with 27 pigs per pen and 13 pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were fed corn-soybean-meal-based diets in three phases from 22-41, 41-62, and 62-91 kg body weight (BW). Treatments consisted of low (L) or high (H) SID Lys in each phase: LLL (1.05, 0.88, and 0.73%); LLH (1.05, 0.88, and 0.82%); LHH (1.05, 0.99, and 0.82%); HLL (1.18, 0.88, and 0.73%); HHL (1.18, 0.99, and 0.73%); and HHH (1.18, 0.99, and 0.82%). Lysine curves from PIC2008 and PIC2016 nutrient specification manuals were used to estimate SID Lys levels for L or H diets, respectively. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit. From 22-41 kg, feeding high Lys improved (P&amp;lt; 0.10) average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (G:F), and final BW compared to low Lys. From 22-62 kg, feeding HH Lys increased (P&amp;lt; 0.05) ADG compared feeding LL or HL Lys. Pigs fed HH Lys or LH Lys had improved (P&amp;lt; 0.05) G:F compared to those fed LL Lys. Pigs fed LH or HH Lys had greater (P&amp;lt; 0.05) final BW compared to pigs fed HL. Pigs fed HH Lys had greater (P&amp;lt; 0.05) feed intake compared to pigs fed HL. From 22-91 kg, there was no evidence for differences in ADG, feed intake, G:F, or final BW. In summary, pigs fed 1.18% SID Lys had improved ADG, G:F, and final BW compared to pigs fed 1.05% SID Lys from 22-41 kg. Feeding a range of Lys specifications resulted in similar growth performance from 22-91 kg.
Randomized phase 3 efficacy and safety trial of proposed pegfilgrastim biosimilar MYL-1401H in the prophylactic treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (2019)

Pegfilgrastim is indicated for reducing the duration of neutropenia and incidence of febrile neutropenia in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Here, safety and efficacy of MYL-1401H, a proposed pegfilgrastim biosimilar, were investigated as prophylaxis for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. This was a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group equivalence trial of MYL-1401H vs European Union-sourced reference pegfilgrastim. Patients with newly diagnosed stage II/III breast cancer eligible to receive (neo) adjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide every 3 weeks for 6 cycles were enrolled and randomized 2:1 to 6 mg of MYL-1401H or reference pegfilgrastim 24 h (+ 2-h window after the first 24 h) after the end of chemotherapy. The primary efficacy endpoint was the duration of severe neutropenia in cycle 1 (i.e., days with absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 0.5 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L). Mean (standard deviation (SD)) duration of severe neutropenia in MYL-1401H and reference pegfilgrastim groups was 1.2 days (0.93) and 1.2 days (1.10), respectively. The 95% CI for least squares mean difference (- 0.285, 0.298) was within the predefined equivalence range of ± 1 day. Secondary endpoints, including grade ≥ 3 neutropenia (frequency, 91% and 82% for MYL-1401H and reference pegfilgrastim, respectively), time to ANC nadir (mean (SD), 6.2 (0.98) and 6.3 (1.57) days), and duration of post-nadir recovery (mean (SD), 1.9 (0.85) and 1.7 (0.91) days) were comparable. Overall safety profiles of the study drugs were comparable. MYL-1401H demonstrated equivalent efficacy and similar safety to reference pegfilgrastim and may be an equivalent option for reducing incidence of neutropenia. ( ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT02467868; EudraCT, 2014-002324-27).
Somatostatin Receptor Desensitization in NG108-15 Cells (1998)

In NG108-15 cells inhibition of both N-type calcium channel current and adenylyl cyclase by somatostatin (SRIF) was not sustained but rapidly desensitized in the continued presence of the drug. The degree and rate of desensitization were concentration-dependent, and the desensitization was homologous with respect to the delta-opioid receptor. We have been unable to obtain evidence for the involvement of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) in this desensitization. SRIF-induced desensitization of N-type calcium channel currents was not reduced in cells stably overexpressing a dominant negative mutant of GRK2 or following intracellular dialysis with GRK2- and GRK3-blocking peptides or with heparin. Inhibitors of protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and protein kinase G were also without effect. In contrast, both the rate and degree of SRIF-induced desensitization were reduced by pretreatment with phenylarsine oxide or concanavalin A, both inhibitors of receptor endocytosis. Furthermore, SRIF-induced desensitization was enhanced by monensin, which prevents receptor recycling back to the plasma membrane. Similarly, SRIF-induced desensitization of adenylyl cyclase inhibition was not reduced in cells stably overexpressing dominant negative mutant GRK2 but was reduced in cells pretreated with the receptor endocytosis inhibitor hyperosmotic sucrose or concanavalin A. These data are consistent with the view that SRIF-induced desensitization in NG108-15 cells results from receptor internalization.
1,1'-(TETRAMETHYLETHYLENE)-FERROCENE. OBLIQUITY AND N.M.R. IN BRIDGED FERROCENES (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,1'-(TETRAMETHYLETHYLENE)-FERROCENE. OBLIQUITY AND N.M.R. IN BRIDGED FERROCENESKenneth L. Rinehart Jr., Almut K. Frerichs, Paul A. Kittle, Lars F. Westman, David H. Gustafson, Roy L. Pruett, and John E. McMahonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 15, 4111–4112Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01500a074RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views578Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (245 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts