gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimum Spanning Trees (2004)

Suppose you have a business with several branch offices and you want to lease phone lines to connect them with each other. Your goal is to connect all your offices with the minimum total cost. The resulting connection should be a spanning tree since if it is not a tree, you can always remove some edges without losing the connectivity to save money. A minimum spanning tree (MST) of a weighted graph G is a spanning tree of G whose edges sum to minimum weight. In other words, a minimum spanning tree is a tree formed from a subset of the edges in a given undirected graph, with two properties: (1) it spans the graph, i.e., it includes every vertex in the graph, and (2) it is a minimum, i.e., the total weight of all the edges is as low as possible. The minimum spanning tree problem is always included in algorithm textbooks since (1) it arises in many applications, (2) it is an important example where greedy algorithms always deliver an optimal solution, and (3) clever data structures are necessary to make it work efficiently. What is a minimum spanning tree for the weighted graph in Figure 1? Notice that a minimum spanning tree is not necessarily unique. 4 3 4 11 5 2 1 1 2 a b c d e f g h 2
Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease Using a Cerebrospinal Fluid Pattern of C-Terminally Truncated β-Amyloid Peptides (2008)

Altogether, our study reveals the novel finding that the Abeta peptide pattern is able to predict AD in patients with MCI with a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 64%. The specificity would increase to 94% if the high-risk patients in the stable MCI cohort developed AD during extended follow-up.
STUDY OF A FORCE TO ACT ON A BREAKWATER AT THE SUPERPOSITION OF AN EARTHQUAKE AND THE TSUNAMI (2016)

東北地方太平洋沖地震津波においては，地震と津波によって，多くの防護施設が被災した．その原因の多くは，津波越流時によるものと推定されている．一方で，地震の発生後には，数多くの余震が発生しており，津波来襲中にも余震が発生していたことが分かった．津波来襲時の構造物の安定性に余震が影響していた可能性がある．そこで，津波と地震の重畳が構造物の安定性に及ぼす影響を明らかにするため，地震と津波を同時に作用させる大型水理模型実験を実施した．その結果，地震津波重畳時に発生する動水圧は，地震単独で発生する動水圧と津波単独で発生する越流水圧の重ね合わせで概ね表現できることがわかった．
Effect of rapeseed protein–gelatin film containing grapefruit seed extract on ‘Maehyang’ strawberry quality (2011)

Summary To develop a packaging film for ‘Maehyang’ strawberries, an edible film containing antimicrobial grapefruit seed extract (GSE) was manufactured. Addition of GSE to the rapeseed protein–gelatin (RG) film inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes . Packaging of ‘Maehyang’ strawberries with the RG film containing 1.0% GSE decreased the populations of total aerobic bacteria and of yeast and moulds in the strawberries by 1.03 and 1.34 log CFU g −1 , respectively, after 14 days of storage, compared to that of the control. Sensory evaluation of the GSE‐RG film‐packaged strawberries produced better sensory scores than did the control. These results suggest that RG film containing GSE can be used to package strawberries and to extend shelf life.
Interleukin 6 Present in Inflammatory Ascites from Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients Promotes Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2-Expressing Regulatory T Cells (2017)

IL-6 present in malignant ovarian cancer ascites promotes increased TNFR2 expression and frequency of highly suppressive Tregs.
F-0914 Bone Regeneration with Bioabsorbable Membrane (2001)

Experimental bone regeneration with the aid of bioabsorbable membrane was carried out for the cases of canine mandibular, tibia, and skull. The membrane was made of the composite of the copolymer of L-lactic acid, glycol acid and caprolactone and the inorganic material β-TCP. The experimental bone defects were covered by the membranes and the open spaces for the bone regeneration were realized. After 12 weeks of the operation, complete bone regeneration was observed in the case of mandibular. Partial regeneration in the cases of tibia and skull, in which cases the full regeneration was observed with the additional implantation of the bioabsorbable materials.
5,5-Dimethyl-2,2-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3-diazinane (2012)

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(16)H(20)N(4), the 1,3-diazinane ring adopts a chair conformation and the dihedral angle formed by the pyridine rings is 78.64 (8)°. The mol-ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra-molecular C-H⋯N hydrogen bond, forming an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules are linked into dimers by pairs of N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, generating rings of R(2) (2)(10) graph-set motif.
Induction of Caspase-9, Biochemical Assessment and Morphological Changes Caused by Apoptosis in Cancer Cells Treated with Goniothalamin Extracted from Goniothalamus macrophyllus (2013)

Goniothalamin, a natural compound extracted from Goniothalamus sp. belonging to the Annonacae family, possesses anticancer properties towards several tumor cell lines. This study focused on apoptosis induction by goniothalamin (GTN) in the Hela cervical cancer cell line. Cell growth inhibition was measured by MTT assay and the IC50 value of goniothalamin was 3.2 ± 0.72 μg/ml. Morphological changes and biochemical processes associated with apoptosis were evident on phase contrast microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. DNA fragmentation, DNA damage, caspase-9 activation and a large increase in the sub-G1 and S cell cycle phases confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. It could be concluded that goniothalamin show a promising cytotoxicity effect against cervical cancer cells (Hela) and the cell death mode induced by goniothalamin was apoptosis.
Colorophone 2.2 – A Spatial, Real-Time Color-to-Sound Sensory Substitution Device (2022)

&lt;p&gt;Objective: Blindness deprives a person of a significant part of sensory information resulting in limited perceptual abilities and decreased quality of life. Although some aspects of visual information, like the shape of an object, can be conveyed by other senses, there is no easy way to perceive color without using sight. To address this issue, we developed the Colorophone sensory substitution device. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Method: In a way analogous to pixels in visual displays, we introduced auxels (auditory pixels) that can be used as basic building blocks of a generic auditory display. The developed auxel-based system realizes real-time, spatial, color-to-sound conversion. We created a dedicated software suite that enables the independent introduction of various system features to ensure effective training. Four blind participants assessed the prototype's usability. The evaluation methods included: auditory color recognition, object identification, and virtual sound source localization tasks, as well as two self-descriptive methods: the System Usability Scale and the NASA Task Load Index.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Results: The developed wearable system generates spatially calibrated colorful soundscapes. It enables auditory color recognition and object identification significantly above chance. However, analyzing complex natural scenes remains challenging. Users judged the system's usability from good to best imaginable. The identified usability issues are discussed together with the proposed solutions. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Conclusion: The Colorophone device shows promise for the future development of a useful visual rehabilitation device; however, further work is needed to eliminate existing usability issues.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Significance: The presented work contributes to developing a universal, affordable and user-friendly visual rehabilitation device.&lt;/p&gt;
Iontophoresis-Assisted Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking with Epithelial Debridement: Preliminary Results (2016)

Purpose. To report the early outcomes of iontophoresis-assisted corneal collagen cross-linking procedure with epithelial debridement (I-SCXL). Methods. Twenty eyes of twenty patients with progressive keratoconus were included in this prospective clinical study. Best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), sphere and cylinder refraction, corneal topography, Scheimpflug tomography, aberrometry, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and endothelial cell count were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up. The parameters considered to establish keratoconus progression were always proven with differential maps as change in curvature in the cone area of at least 1 diopter obtained with an instantaneous map. Results. Functional parameters showed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) of BSCVA after 3 and 6 months of follow-up. Morphological parameters indicated stabilization of the corneal ectasia during the follow-up; however, a positive trend was noted with a mean flattening of 1.73 D. Minimum pachymetry values showed thinning that remained constant after the treatment. The demarcation line was clearly visible in all patients, reaching a depth of 308.2 ± 37.74 μm. None of the patients had continuous progression of keratoconus or had to repeat cross-linking procedures. Endothelial cell counts did not change significantly (p > 0.05). Conclusion. The early results indicate that the I-SCXL may be able to reduce the treatment time and improve the riboflavin diffusion.
<title>Structural health monitoring using wireless sensing systems with embedded processing</title> (2002)

A damage detection system was developed with commercially available wireless sensors. Statistical process control methods were used to monitor the correlation of vibration data from two accelerometers mounted across a joint. Changes in correlation were used to detect damage to the joint. All data processing was done remotely on a microprocessor integrated with the wireless sensors to allow for the transmission of a simple damaged or undamaged status for each monitored joint. Additionally, a portable demonstration structure was developed to showcase the capabilities of the damage detection system to monitor joint failure in real time.
Proof of Principle for a T Lymphocyte Intrinsic Function of Coronin 1A (2016)

Coronins are evolutionarily conserved proteins that were originally identified as modulators of actin-dependent processes. Studies analyzing complete Coronin 1a knock-out mice have shown that this molecule is an important regulator of naive T cell homeostasis and it has been linked to immune deficiencies as well as autoimmune disorders. Nevertheless, because Coronin 1A is strongly expressed in all leukocyte subsets, it is not conclusive whether or not this phenotype is attributed to a T cell-intrinsic function of Coronin 1A. To address this research question, we have generated a T cell-specific Coronin 1a knock-out mouse (Coro1a<sup>fl/fl</sup> × Cd4[Cre]). Deletion of Coronin 1A specifically in T cells led to a strong reduction in T cell number and a shift toward the effector/memory phenotype in peripheral lymphoid organs when compared with Cd4[Cre] mice expressing wild-type Coronin 1A. In contrast to peripheral lymphoid tissue, thymocyte number and subsets were not affected by the deletion of Coronin 1a Furthermore, T cell-specific Coronin 1a knock-out mice were largely resistant to the induction of autoimmunity when tested in the myelin oligoglycoprotein-induced EAE mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Thus, the phenotype of T cell-specific Coronin 1a deletion resembles the phenotype observed with conventional (whole body) Coronin 1a knock-out mice. In summary, our findings provide formal proof of the predominant T cell-intrinsic role of Coronin 1A.
Biocompatible Green and Red Fluorescent Organic Dots with Remarkably Large Two-Photon Action Cross Sections for Targeted Cellular Imaging and Real-Time Intravital Blood Vascular Visualization (2015)

Fluorescent organic dots are emerging as promising bioimaging reagents because of their high brightness, good photostability, excellent biocompatibility, and facile surface functionalization. Organic dots with large two-photon absorption (TPA) cross sections are highly desired for two-photon fluorescence microscopy. In this work, we report two biocompatible and photostable organic dots fabricated by encapsulating tetraphenylethene derivatives within DSPE-PEG matrix. The two organic dots show absorption maxima at 425 and 483 nm and emit green and red fluorescence at 560 and 645 nm, with high fluorescence quantum yields of 64% and 22%, respectively. Both organic dots exhibit excellent TPA property in the range of 800-960 nm, affording upon excitation at 820 nm remarkably large TPA cross sections of 1.2×10(6) and 2.5×10(6) GM on the basis of dot concentration. The bare fluorophores and their organic dots are biocompatible and have been used to stain living cells for one- and two-photon fluorescence bioimagings. The cRGD-modified organic dots can selectively target integrin αvβ3 overexpressing breast cancer cells for targeted imaging. The organic dots are also applied for real-time two-photon fluorescence in vivo visualization of the blood vasculature of mouse ear, providing the spatiotemporal information about the whole blood vascular network. These results demonstrate that the present fluorescent organic dots are promising candidates for living cell and tissue imaging.
IPV6 Capable Cots Product "Branding" (2006)

This informational paper describes our efforts to define a commercial IPv6 products standard and the creation of an industry based commercial program for the "branding" of IPv6 products. The program is establishing a forum for producers and consumers of IPv6 products to participate in the process of developing and maintaining an IPv6 product standard and branding program. A third party group consisting of The Open Group and the IPv6 Forum will moderate the new forum. The paper will detail the forum's plans for establishing a branding program, the benefits of IPv6 product branding to the DoD and other consumers, and the roles and responsibilities of members participating in the program, information on the test and certification procedures, and how to obtain COTS products "branded" by this open certification system.
Differential Lipopolysaccharide Core Capping Leads to Quantitative and Correlated Modifications of Mechanical and Structural Properties in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms (2009)

Bacterial biofilms are responsible for the majority of all microbial infections and have profound impact on industrial and geochemical processes. While many studies documented phenotypic differentiation and gene regulation of biofilms, the importance of their structural and mechanical properties is poorly understood. Here we investigate how changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core capping in Pseudomonas aeruginosa affect biofilm structure through modification of adhesive, cohesive, and viscoelastic properties at an early stage of biofilm development. Microbead force spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize P. aeruginosa biofilm interactions with either glass substrata or bacterial lawns. Using isogenic migA, wapR, and rmlC mutants with defined LPS characteristics, we observed significant changes in cell mechanical properties among these strains compared to wild-type strain PAO1. Specifically, truncation of core oligosaccharides enhanced both adhesive and cohesive forces by up to 10-fold, whereas changes in instantaneous elasticity were correlated with the presence of O antigen. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy to quantify biofilm structural changes with respect to differences in LPS core capping, we observed that textural parameters varied with adhesion or the inverse of cohesion, while areal and volumetric parameters were linked to adhesion, cohesion, or the balance between them. In conclusion, this report demonstrated for the first time that changes in LPS expression resulted in quantifiable cellular mechanical changes that were correlated with structural changes in bacterial biofilms. Thus, the interplay between architectural and functional properties may be an important contributor to bacterial community survival.
A Tool for Workflow-based Product Line Software Development (2013)

제품라인공학 기반의 융합소프트웨어 개발 방법론에서는 어플리케이션 개발을 위해 아키텍처 모델을 제안하고 있다. 그리고 명세를 이용하여 제어컴포넌트를 개발하도록 제안하는데 워크플로우는 트랜잭션을 주로 처리하는 어플리케이션 개발을 위해 제안되었다. 제품라인 공학 기반의 소프트웨어 개발이 효과를 발휘하기 위해서는 도구의 지원이 반드시 필요하다. 하지만 기존의 워크플로우 모델링 도구들은 제품라인 공학개념을 지원하지 않기 때문에 워크플로우 기반의 제품라인 소프트웨어 개발을 지원할 수 있는 도구의 개발이 필요했다. 본 논문에서는 워크플로우 기반의 제품라인 소프트웨어 개발을 지원하기 위해서 개발된 도구를 소개하고 개발된 도구의 활용 가능성을 확인하기 위해서 간단한 활용예제를 소개한다. A convergence software development methodology based on product line engineering provides an architecture model for application development and it also provides workflow as a behavior specification of control component development to develop transaction centric application. To effect a change on software development based on product line engineering it has to be supported by a tool. But almost workflow modeling tools dose not support product line engineering concept. So we need new workflow modeling tool to support the convergence software development methodology. In this paper, we introduce a toolset for workflow modeling that consists of eclipse plug-in applications and open source tool and describe the relationships of tools through example.
Novel Delivery System for the Bioregulatory Agent Nitric Oxide (2009)

The diatomic free radical nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in many physiological functions including vasodilation, angiogenesis, and neurotransmission, as well as some immune responses. NO-mediated processes allude to the possibility that chemical systems capable of generating NO may provide useful therapeutic applications. We present here a method to fabricate an NO-releasing bandage. Zeolite A was embedded within porous polylactic acid fibers of a nonwoven mat generated by electrospinning. These composite fibers were then subjected to mild heat treatment, softening the polymer to encapsulate the embedded zeolite and effectively slowing the nitric oxide release.
Geometrogenesis under quantum graphity: Problems with the ripening universe (2015)

Quantum graphity (QG) is a model of emergent geometry in which space is represented by a dynamical graph. The graph evolves under the action of a Hamiltonian from a high-energy pregeometric state to a low-energy state in which geometry emerges as a coarse-grained effective property of space. Here we show the results of numerical modeling of the evolution of the QG Hamiltonian, a process we term ``ripening'' by analogy with crystallographic growth. We find that the model as originally presented favors a graph composed of small disjoint subgraphs. Such a disconnected space is a poor representation of our Universe. A new term is introduced to the original QG Hamiltonian, which we call the hypervalence term. It is shown that the inclusion of a hypervalence term causes a connected latticelike graph to be favored over small isolated subgraphs.
Workload-Aware Provisioning in Public Clouds (2014)

Public cloud services rely on virtualization to support multitenancy--that is, allowing customers from different organizations to share the datacenter infrastructure. Unfortunately, today's public clouds fail to provide sufficient isolation. Hardware resources are often multiplexed between virtual machines belonging to different customers, which can cause performance interference. This article characterizes interference on the network latency between virtual machines, and shows that the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) suffers from a long-tail latency problem due to coscheduling of CPU-bound and latency-sensitive tasks. The Bobtail system allows cloud customers to proactively detect and avoid these bad neighboring virtual machines without help from cloud service providers.
Identification and Biochemical Characterization of Human Plasma Soluble IL-7R: Lower Concentrations in HIV-1-Infected Patients (2009)

The IL-7R alpha-chain and the common gamma-chain (gamma(c)) are both components of IL-7R. Human plasma harbors soluble forms of IL-7R (sIL-7Ralpha and sgamma(c)) that are detected and assayed by Western blotting, showing that the levels of sIL-7Ralpha are higher than the levels of sgamma(c) (47.5 ng/ml and 1.5 ng/ml, respectively). Gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry used to analyze deglycosylated, affinity-purified protein showed that sIL-7Ralpha is generated through differentially spliced mRNA, not by membrane receptor shedding. Plasma sIL-7Ralpha and sgamma(c) are present as heterocomplexes and sgamma(c) was found to be mainly associated with sIL-7Ralpha. The affinities of two IL-7 binding sites (K(d) = 35 +/- 8 pM and K(d) = 3 +/- 1 nM) were similar to that of the membrane receptor, suggesting that the sIL-7Ralpha/sgamma(c) complex retains high affinity for IL-7. sIL-7Ralpha mRNA is constitutively present among peripheral T lymphocytes and is down-modulated in vitro by IL-7. Chronically HIV-1-infected patients (n = 20) showed no significant (p > 0.714) variation in sgamma(c) levels and a significant (p < 0.0014) 2-fold decrease in plasma sIL-7Ralpha levels compared with those in control healthy individuals. Plasma IL-7 and sIL-7Ralpha levels did not show any obvious relationship.
Il gozzo multinodulare (2021)

Sommario Si definisce gozzo l’incremento diffuso o nodulare della ghiandola tiroidea. Il suo sviluppo è legato a fattori genetici e ambientali, di cui il più importante è rappresentato dalla carenza iodica. L’inquadramento clinico prevede un’attenta valutazione dei sintomi, dei segni, dei risultati degli esami ormonali, delle caratteristiche ecografiche e citologiche. Il trattamento deve essere poi individualizzato tenendo conto della disponibilità di molteplici opzioni terapeutiche.
Recent advances in organic mass spectrometry in analytical chemistry (1980)

K. R. Jennings, D. E. Games, J. A. Ballantine, J. H. Beynon and H. R. Morris, Anal. Proc., 1980, 17, 320 DOI: 10.1039/AP9801700320
Effect of an aqueous phase on the solubility of cholesterol in an oil phase (1977)

In the absence of water, the solubility of cholesterol in triolein at 21°C was 2.8%. When water was added to the system, the solubility of cholesterol in the oil phase decreased to 1.9%, and cholesterol monohydrate precipitated. The precipitation of the sterol evidently resulted from the excess concentration of the surface-active cholesterol at the interface, allowing the rapid interaction of water with cholesterol and the resulting formation of cholesterol monohydrate with its attendant lower energy and less soluble crystalline lattice. The ternary phase diagram for the system cholesterol-triolein-water, modified to include cholesterol monohydrate formation with the consequent decrease in sterol solubility, differs from the previously reported phase diagram. Other cholesterol-oil-aqueous systems related to biologically important lipids were studied. Cholesteryl oleate was more soluble than cholesterol in triolein (23% at 21°C), and this value did not decrease when water was present. Water caused cholesterol to precipitate from cholesteryl linoleate at 37°C. Thus crystalline cholesterol may be present in lipids found in atherosclerotic plaques at a lower concentration of free cholesterol than had been predicted previously. In another experiment, a micellar taurocholate solution precipitated cholesterol from triolein and from corn oil. These effects of aqueous systems suggest the possibility of cholesterol precipitation from dietary fat when it becomes mixed with water in the diet or stomach, or with the micellar phase in the intestine. Plant sterols were precipitated also from oil solutions by an aqueous phase. Waterinduced sterol precipitation is a phenomenon that could occur in a variety of biological systems, and may be applicable to sterols in general.