gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Administration of a Mixture of Fungal Glucosidases to a Patient with Type II Glycogenosis (Pompe's Disease) (1968)

A case of Type II glycogenosis (Pompe's disease) has been studied by histochemical, electron microscopic, and biochemical techniques. These studies have been made prior to and after the intramuscular administration for 1 week of a mixture of hydrolytic enzymes containing both α-1,4- and α-1,6-glucosidase activities. Electron photomicrographs of the liver before enzyme administration showed glycogen to be located both within and outside of membrane-limited vacuoles. No change in this distribution could be detected in tissue removed by biopsy after enzyme administration. This impression was confirmed by the determination of glycogen content which was shown to be unchanged. Nevertheless, the liver was found by enzyme assay to contain the administered enzyme. Leucocytes isolated from blood taken 4 hours after the last enzyme injection were also shown to contain the parenterally administered glucosidases. In skeletal muscle glycogen was present chiefly as extrasaccular deposits which were unchanged in appearance by enzyme administration. No glucosidase activity was demonstrable in the skeletal muscle after such a treatment. Myocardium sectioned after autopsy had major deposits of glycogen in extrasaccular areas.
Study on Acoustic Cavitation and Magnetic Coupling Wax Control Technology (2011)

Abstract To solve the wax deposition problem of high-pour-point and high-waxy oil wells, a new acoustic cavitation and magnetic coupling shaft wax control technology was proposed. Experimental research and field tests were conducted. This wax control technology can achieve the purpose of freezing point depression, viscosity reduction by emulsification, and wax control through the combined effect of cavitation, acoustic vibration, and magnetic intensification. Laboratory experiments showed that after acoustic cavitation and magnetic coupling treatment, the viscosity reduction ratio of high-pour-point oil was over 25.5% at 30°C; the freezing point was decreased from 32°C to 27°C, a 15.6% reduction; the wax crystal structure of the oil samples was changed from crude, thick, and dense to fine, thin, and sparse. Field tests showed that the acoustic cavitation and magnetic coupling wax control device can significantly extend the well's wax deposit cycle by more than 30 days and reduce the wax thickness (Yumen Oilfield). Using this technology, the flushing period was extended more than two times, with a maximum up to nine times, and the normal production time was also prolonged (Zhundong Oilfield in Xinjiang). The results are useful for the popularization and application of the new shaft wax control technology for high-freezing-point and high-waxy oil wells.
Effect of alphabet size and foldability requirements on protein structure designability (1999)

A number of investigators have addressed the issue of why certain protein structures are especially common by considering structure designability, defined as the number of sequences that would successfully fold into any particular native structure. One such approach, based on foldability, suggested that structures could be classified according to their maximum possible foldability and that this optimal foldability would be highly correlated with structure designability. Other approaches have focused on computing the designability of lattice proteins written with reduced two-letter amino acid alphabets. These different approaches suggested contrasting characteristics of the most designable structures. This report compares the designability of lattice proteins over a wide range of amino acid alphabets and foldability requirements. While all alphabets have a wide distribution of protein designabilities, the form of the distribution depends on how protein “viability” is defined. Furthermore, under increasing foldability requirements, the change in designabilities for all alphabets are in good agreement with the previous conclusions of the foldability approach. Most importantly, it was noticed that those structures that were highly designable for the two-letter amino acid alphabets are not especially designable with higher-letter alphabets. Proteins 1999;34:113–124. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Biomaterials and Scaffolds in Reparative Medicine (2002)

Most approaches currently pursued or contemplated within the framework of reparative medicine, including cell-based therapies, artificial organs, and engineered living tissues, are dependent on our ability to synthesize or otherwise generate novel materials, fabricate or assemble materials into appropriate 2-D and 3-D forms, and precisely tailor material-related physical and biological properties so as to achieve a desired clinical response. This paper summarizes the scientific and technological opportunities within the fields of biomaterials science and molecular engineering that will likely establish new enabling technologies for cellular and molecular therapies directed at the repair, replacement, or reconstruction of diseased or damaged organs and tissues.
Effect of Atenolol on Mortality and Cardiovascular Morbidity after Noncardiac Surgery (1996)

In patients who have or are at risk for coronary artery disease who must undergo noncardiac surgery, treatment with atenolol during hospitalization can reduce mortality and the incidence of cardiovascular complications for as long as two years after surgery.
Accessing the SEED Genome Databases via Web Services API: Tools for Programmers (2010)

We present a novel approach to access the SEED database. Using Web services, a robust API for access to genomics data is provided, without requiring large volume downloads all at once. The API ensures timely access to the most current datasets available, including the new genomes as soon as they come online.
Reactive Esters in Amide Ligation with β‐Hydroxyamines (2012)

Abstract Amide formation between mildly activated esters and 1,2‐amino alcohols occurs without the need for coupling reagents. The reaction pathway involves facile intermolecular transesterification and intramolecular O→N transacylation. The method is environmentally friendly and offers no risk of racemization via highly activated acylating intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED 2‐AMINOPENT‐4‐ENALS AND 2‐AMINO‐3‐(2‐FURYL)PROPANALS VIA (3,3)‐ AND (1,3)‐SIGMATROPIC SHIFTS OF β‐ALLYLOXYENAMINES (1985)

Abstract Die Allyloxyenamine (I) lagern sich in die Aldehyde (II) um.
Applications of Scanning Force Microscopy for Voltage Measurements with High Spatial and Temporal Resolutions (1995)

To keep pace with device technology as it pushes towards 100-nm line widths and gigahertz operating speeds, new measurement tools are needed for studying mesoscopic device physics and for testing and designing the next generation of ultra-dense integrated circuits. A promising new direction is the use of scanning probe microscopes for such measurements, by utilizing probe tip nonlinearities for heterodyning very high-speed signals.[1-6] We have developed such an ultrafast system, based on the scanning force microscope (SFM), that should theoretically be able to map a voltage profile with subpicosecond temporal resolution and sub-micron spatial resolution. Furthermore, it is non-invasive, rugged, and does not require vacuum. By using the square-law force interaction between the SFM and sample for mixing and sampling, we have measured voltage transients as fast as 5 picoseconds. We have also used this system to probe VLSI integrated circuits.
LLRF Design for the HINS-SRF Test Facility at Fermilab (2010)

The High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) R&D program requires super conducting single spoke resonators operating at 325 MHz (SSR1) [1]. After coupler installation, these cavities are tested at the HINS-SRF facility at Fermilab. The LLRF requirements for these tests include support for continuous wave and pulsed mode operations, with the ability to track the resonance frequency of the tested cavity. Real-time measurement of the cavity loaded Q and Q0 are implemented using gradient decay techniques, allowing for Q0 versus Eacc plots. A real time cavity simulator was also developed to test the LLRF system and verify its functionality. LLRF SYSTEM OVERVIEW The LLRF system is depicted in Fig. 1. The 325 MHz RF reference is provided by a signal generator (Aeroflex IFR 2023A), for tunability. The master oscillator and local oscillator chassis distributes the 325 MHz reference signal and generates the 338 MHz LO. The LO is obtained by mixing the 325 MHz RF signal with a 13 MHz intermediate frequency (IF), internally generated by dividing the 325 MHz reference by 25. This allows the LO to track the RF signal when it is tuned to match the cavity resonance frequency.
Probabilistic Terrain Analysis For High-Speed Desert Driving (2006)

The ability to perceive and analyze terrain is a key problem in mobile robot navigation. Terrain perception problems arise in planetary robotics, agriculture, mining, and, of course, self-driving cars. Here, we introduce the PTA (probabilistic terrain analysis) algorithm for terrain classification with a fastmoving robot platform. The PTA algorithm uses probabilistic techniques to integrate range measurements over time, and relies on efficient statistical tests for distinguishing drivable from nondrivable terrain. By using probabilistic techniques, PTA is able to accommodate severe errors in sensing, and identify obstacles with nearly 100% accuracy at speeds of up to 35mph. The PTA algorithm was an essential component in the DARPA Grand Challenge, where it enabled our robot Stanley to traverse the entire course in record time.
The effects of materials and post-mold profiles an plastic encapsulated integrated circuits (1994)

Post-mold cure contributes to the electrical and mechanical properties of Novalac molding materials and affects how those properties change with thermal and humidity environments. Forward biased parasitic gates may be created as the result of thermally induced material changes in conjunction with ionizing fields and by molding compound delamination from the die surface during high temperature assembly operations e.g., IR-reflow. Molding material conductivity and tolerance to moisture depends upon the material and the post-mold cure environment. Test methods have been developed and equipment is available to quantify compound electrical and mechanical performance and thereby predict material and part performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mood Extraction Using Facial Features to Improve Learning Curves of Students in E-Learning Systems (2016)

Students’ interest and involvement during class lectures is imperative for grasping concepts and significantly improves academic performance of the students. Direct supervision of lectures by instructors is the main reason behind student attentiveness in class. Still, there is sufficient percentage of students who even under direct supervision tend to lose concentration. Considering the e-learning environment, this problem is aggravated due to absence of any human supervision. This calls for an approach to assess and identify lapses of attention by a student in an e-learning session. This study is carried out to improve student’s involvement in e-learning platforms by using their facial feature to extract mood patterns. Analyzing themoods based on emotional states of a student during an online lecture can provide interesting results which can be readily used to improvethe efficacy of content delivery in an e-learning platform. A survey is carried out among instructors involved in e-learning to identify most probable facial features that represent the facial expressions or mood patterns of a student. A neural network approach is used to train the system using facial feature sets to predict specific facial expressions. Moreover, a data association based algorithm specifically for extracting information on emotional states by correlating multiple sets of facial features is also proposed. This framework showed promising results in inciting student’s interest by varying the content being delivered.Different combinations of inter-related facial expressions for specific time frames were used to estimate mood patterns and subsequently level of involvement of a student in an e-learning environment.The results achieved during the course of research showed that mood patterns of a student provide a good correlation with his interest or involvement during online lectures and can be used to vary the content to improve students’ involvement in the e-learning system.More facial expressions and mood categories can be included to diversify the application of the proposed method.
Central Resetting of Neuromuscular Steady States May Underlie Rhythmical Arm Movements (2006)

Changing the steady-state configuration of the body or its segments may be an important function of central pattern generators for locomotion and other rhythmical movements. Thereby, muscle activation, forces, and movement may emerge following a natural tendency of the neuromuscular system to achieve the current steady-state configuration. To verify that transitions between different steady states occur during rhythmical movements, we asked standing subjects to swing one or both arms synchronously or reciprocally at approximately 0.8 Hz from the shoulder joints. In randomly selected cycles, one arm was transiently arrested by an electromagnetic device. Swinging resumed after some delay and phase resetting. During bilateral swinging, the nonperturbed arm often stopped before resuming swinging at a position that was close to either the extreme forward or the extreme backward arm position observed before the perturbation. Oscillations usually resumed when both arms arrived at similar extreme positions when a synchronous bilateral pattern was initially produced or at the opposite positions if the initial pattern was reciprocal. Results suggest that a central generator controls both arms as a coherent unit by producing transitions between its steady state (equilibrium) positions. By controlling these positions, the system may define the spatial boundaries of movement. At these positions, the system may halt the oscillations, resume them at a new phase (as observed in the present study), or initiate a new motor action. Our findings are relevant to locomotion and suggest that walking may also be generated by transitions between several equilibrium configurations of the body, possibly accomplished by modulation and gating of proprioceptive reflexes.
Removal mechanisms for toxic priority pollutants (1983)

Present trends indicate that effluent standards will soon be based not only on such parameters as biochem ical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen de mand (COD), but on individual toxic priority pollutants as well. If such standards are established, industries and municipal plants will be required to better understand the removal mechanisms of these various toxic priority pollutants. Removal mechanisms for toxic priority pol
The EMRP project GraphOhm - Towards quantum resistance metrology based on graphene (2014)

A new joint research project (JRP) integrating metrology institutes and universities from nine countries is aimed at realization of a new generation of standards for quantum resistance metrology. The project exploits graphene's properties to simplify operation of standards without compromising the unprecedented precision delivered by semiconductor quantum Hall devices. Higher operating temperatures (above 4.2 K, and up to 8 K) and together with lower magnetic fields (below 5 T, and potentially down to 2 T) will lead to a significantly improved and cost-saving dissemination of intrinsically referenced resistance standards to all end-users relying on electrical measurements.
Contribution of Peroxisomes to Penicillin Biosynthesis in Aspergillus nidulans (2009)

Peroxisomal localization of the third enzyme of the penicillin biosynthesis pathway of Aspergillus nidulans, acyl-coenzyme A:IPN acyltransferase (IAT), is mediated by its atypical peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1). However, mislocalization of IAT by deletion of either its PTS1 or of genes encoding proteins involved in peroxisome formation or transport does not completely abolish penicillin biosynthesis. This is in contrast to the effects of IAT mislocalization in Penicillium chrysogenum.
Le travail sur les textes traduits en littérature générale (1995)

La littérature comparée est confrontée au problème suivant : ou bien elle restreint son champ d'application aux domaines linguistiques de compétence des étudiants, des enseignants et des chercheurs ; ou bien elle prend en compte les textes traduits. Le présent article examine la seconde hypothèse. Il vise à démontrer que, pratiqué avec les précautions qui s'imposent, le travail sur textes traduits n'est pas une solution de pis-aller mais peut, au contraire, se révéler bénéfique pour la discipline elle-même : il impose aux étudiants une attitude de vigilance continuelle, les oblige à pratiquer une lecture qui est le contraire et le complément de celle qu'ils pratiquent sur textes originaux. Aux chercheurs, il ouvre le champ illimité d'une réflexion véritable sur la littérature.
Construction of a Rhythm Transfer System That Mimics the Cellular Clock (2012)

Creation of an artificial oscillating gene expression system is one of the most challenging issues in synthetic biology. Here, we constructed a simple system to manipulate gene expression patterns to be circadian, reflecting the intrinsic cellular clock, by fusing a core clock protein, BMAL1 or CLOCK, with a zinc finger-type DNA binding domain. Circadian rhythmic gene expression was induced only when the target gene contained zinc finger-binding sequences. To our knowledge, this simple approach is the first to manipulate gene expression patterns into circadian rhythms and would be applicable to various endogenous genes.
Using multi-bit logic blocks and automated packing to improve field-programmable gate array density for implementing datapath circuits (2005)

As the logic capacity of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) increases, they are being increasingly used to implement large arithmetic-intensive applications, which often contain a large proportion of datapath circuits. Since datapath circuits usually consist of regularly structured components, called bit-slices, it is possible to utilize datapath regularity in order to achieve significant area savings through FPGA architectural innovations. This work describes such an FPGA logic block architecture, called a multi-bit logic block, which employs configuration memory sharing to exploit datapath regularity. It is experimentally shown that, comparing to conventional FPGA logic blocks, the multi-bit logic blocks can achieve 18% to 26% logic block area reduction for implementing datapath circuits, which represents an overall FPGA area saving of 5% to 13%. A packing algorithm for the multi-bit logic block architecture is also proposed in this paper; and it is used to empirically find the best values for several important architectural parameters of the new architecture, including the most area efficient granularity values and the most area efficient amount of configuration memory sharing.
Deubiquitinases as potential anti-cancer targets for gold(iii) complexes (2013)

A panel of [Au(III)(C^N)(R2NCS2)](+) (HC^N = 2-phenylpyridine) complexes displayed significant deubiquitinases (DUBs) inhibitory activity; one of these complexes showed selective in vitro cytotoxicity towards breast cancer cells correlated to high cellular uptake of gold, and induced cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and anti-angiogenic property that could be related to DUB inhibitory activity.
Increase of electrical activation and mobility of Si-doped GaAs, grown at low substrate temperatures, by the migration-enhanced epitaxy method (1990)

Si-doped GaAs layers were grown by the migration-enhanced epitaxy (MEE) method and by the conventional molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) method, for the substrate temperatures between 220 and 670 °C. For the layers grown below 400 °C, the Si activation and mobility of the MEE layers are significantly higher than those of the MBE layers. For substrate temperatures above 400 °C, the MEE and MBE layers have roughly similar Si activation and mobility. The Raman and 4-K photoluminescence spectra of the layers are consistent with the measured electron concentrations. This work suggests that for Si doping in GaAs at low substrate temperatures (below 400 °C), the MEE method is a very desirable alternative to the conventional MBE method.
A vertical antenna made of transposed sections of coaxial cable (2005)

A vertical array of colinear vertical dipoles is made of a series of sections of solid-dielectric coaxial cable with their inner and outer conductors transposed at each junction. Each section has an effective length of 1/2 wavelength in the cable, so the radiating gaps between the sections are all excited in the same polarity. A model designed for 450 Mc has 9 sections of cable; the length is 2.9 wavelengths in free space and the gain is 6 db over a half-wave dipole. This type of antenna has been developed in cooperation with Communication Products Company of Marlboro, N.J.
Interpretation of the Extraction Mechanism of the Purex and Thorex Processes from Kinetics Data (1981)

Abstract The rate of transfer of species between phases in solvent extraction is expected to be controlled by chemical reaction kinetics, diffusion, or a combination of these steps. Transfer kinetics data for uranium(VI), thorium(IV), and zirconium(IV) indicate that the chemical reaction is the rate-controlling step for most dispersed systems. The evidence for this conclusion is: (1) the transfer rate constants for the extraction of uranium were the same for Lewis cell, single drop, and Kenics mixer tests; (2) the forward transfer rate constants increase with increasing TBP concentration (the viscosity of the organic phase also increases) in all cases; (3) the reverse transfer rate varies dramatically with changes in nitrate concentration in the aqueous phase (same phase viscosities); and (4) the difference in the activation energies of the forward and reverse reactions for uranium(VI) transfer is equal to the heat of reaction of uranium with TBP. A proposed mechanism for the solvent extraction kinetics which is consistent with the experimental results includes the formation or decomposition of a charged interfacial complex as the rate-controlling step and equilibration of the interfacial complex with the bulk organic complex as the rapid step.
Gα q/11 ‐mediated AKT Activation and Intracellular Calcium Responses to Retrograde Flow in Endothelial Cells (2012)

Temporal gradients in shear stress, including flow reversal, are key actors in the development of dysfunctional endothelial cells (EC) and atherosclerotic lesions. An almost immediate response of ECs to fluid shear stress is the increase in [Ca 2+ ] i . We have previously shown that a change in flow direction (retrograde flow) on a flow‐adapted endothelial monolayer induced the realignment of the cell‐cell junction along with a dramatic [Ca 2+ ] i burst. With an enriched expression at the junction Gα q/11 is a strong candidate in shear‐induced increase in [Ca 2+ ] i and was previously shown to be activated within a second after onset of shear stress. In flow‐adapted human EC we have investigated multiple pathways leading to the increase of [Ca 2+ ] i after reversal in flow direction. We observed that the average latency in [Ca 2+ ] i response to a 10 dyn.cm −2 retrograde shear stress was increased by 15 sec in cells silenced for Gα q/11 . A similar delay was observed after cells were treated with the PLCβγ inhibitor U73122 or the PI‐PLC inhibitor Edelfosine. Lower levels of IP 3 production correlated with the increased latency in [Ca 2+ ] i responses upon the different treatments. Gα q/11 silencing also led to complete abrogation of flow‐induced GSK‐3β and AKT activation. Taken together our results identify Gα q/11 activation as the initial trigger in retrograde flow‐induced [Ca 2+ ] i and a major regulator of the AKT response to shear stress.