gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Zn Particle Oxidation by H2O and CO2 in the Presence of ZnO (2014)

In this work we investigate the mechanism of Zn oxidation with CO<sub>2</sub> and/or H<sub>2</sub>O to produce solar derived fuels (CO and/or H<sub>2</sub>) as part of the Zn/ZnO thermochemical redox cycle. It has been observed that the ZnO contamination of Zn produced by solar thermal reduction of ZnO (solar Zn) facilitates oxidation of the metallic Zn by CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O, allowing for nearly complete conversion at temperatures as low as 350 °C. Reaching the same reaction extent starting with pure Zn requires considerably higher temperatures which imposes use of unconventional hard-to-operate reaction configurations utilizing Zn as vapor. The mechanism of this enhancement is investigated by studying the oxidation of solid Zn diluted with ZnO or Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> at 350-400 °C utilizing thermogravimetry. It is found that ZnO acts as the site for the oxidation of Zn originating from the vapor phase, thereby serving as a sink for Zn vapor and maintaining the driving force for sustainable Zn sublimation. As this Zn sublimation competes with the growth of an impervious ZnO scale over the surface of the remaining solid Zn, the presence of the ZnO increases the reaction extent according to the magnitude of its surface area. This mechanism is supported by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, revealing a substantial deposition of produced ZnO over the surface of the ZnO-seeded Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> diluent.
A Fully Self-Doped Electrochromic Conjugated Polymer Device Towards Neuromorphic Applications (2021)

Conjugated electrochemical memristors are a promising alternative towards bioelectronic circuitry. A self-doped PEDOT is synthesized, fabricated as a three-terminal device, and studied for electrochromic, memristive, and neuromorphic capabilities.
Effect of GnRH agonists on the thymus in female rats (1989)

The potential clinical applications of GnRH agonists are growing. We studied the effects of two GnRH agonists on the adult female rat thymus in 4 experiments. GnRH agonists administered sc and continuously significantly increased wet and dry thymic weights (absolute and relative). Thymic enlargement was related to the duration of treatment with GnRH agonists. The maximum increase in thymic weight occurred at approximately 18 days following initiation of treatment with GnRH agonists. Thymic enlargement does not appear to involve enhanced mitotic activity as measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine into thymic tissue and thymic DNA. Histologic examination and computer-assisted morphometric analysis of thymuses indicated an increase in cortex to medulla ratio most pronounced at 10 and 18 days of GnRH agonist treatment. No consistent increases in splenic weight or bone marrow cell counts were observed. Thymosin alpha-1 but not thymosin beta-4 increased in GnRH agonist-treated rats. Thymic weight correlated negatively with ovarian and uterine weights, relative adrenal weight, serum estradiol, LH, and positively with thymosin alpha-1. Exogenous estrogen administration reversed GnRH agonist-induced thymic weight increase. Whether GnRH agonists have direct thymic effects remains to be determined.
Acquiring genome‐wide gene expression profiles in Guthrie card blood spots using microarrays (2010)

Standard Guthrie cards have been widely used to collect blood samples from essentially all USA and Japanese neonates for newborn screening programs. Thus, archival blood spot samples are a unique and comprehensive resource for molecular pathology studies. However, the challenge in using these samples is the presumed low quantity and degraded quality of nucleic acids that can be isolated from these samples, particularly the RNA. Here, we report a new assay using Agilent 4x44K microarrays for acquiring genome-wide gene expression profiles from blood spots on Guthrie cards. Due to the small amount of RNA obtained from each sample, major modifications, such as concentrating and amplifying the RNA and using a different labeling procedure, were performed. Approximately 9000 expressed genes can be detected after normalization of data, an increment of 260% in detection power compared with previously reported cDNA microarrays made in-house with standard procedures. The correlation coefficients in technical and biological replicates were 0.92 and 0.85, respectively, confirming the reproducibility of this study. This new and comprehensive assay will add value to the utility of archival Guthrie cards (e.g. neonatal blood spot cards) and open new opportunities to molecular epidemiology, pathology, genomic, and diagnostic studies of perinatal diseases.
Sources, Composition, and Export of Particulate Organic Matter Across British Estuaries (2023)

Abstract Estuaries receive and process a large amount of particulate organic carbon (POC) prior to its export into coastal waters. Studying the origin of this POC is key to understanding the fate of POC and the role of estuaries in the global carbon cycle. Here, we evaluated the concentrations of POC, as well as particulate organic nitrogen (PON), and used stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to assess their sources across 13 contrasting British estuaries during five different sampling campaigns over 1 year. We found a high variability in POC and PON concentrations across the salinity gradient, reflecting inputs, and losses of organic material within the estuaries. Catchment land cover appeared to influence the contribution of POC to the total organic carbon flux from the estuary to coastal waters, with POC contributions &gt;36% in estuaries draining catchments with a high percentage of urban/suburban land, and &lt;11% in estuaries draining catchments with a high peatland cover. There was no seasonal pattern in the isotopic composition of POC and PON, suggesting similar sources for each estuary over time. Carbon isotopic ratios were depleted (−26.7 ± 0.42‰, average ± sd) at the lowest salinity waters, indicating mainly terrigenous POC (TPOC). Applying a two‐source mixing model, we observed high variability in the contribution of TPOC at the highest salinity waters between estuaries, with a median value of 57%. Our results indicate a large transport of terrigenous organic carbon into coastal waters, where it may be buried, remineralized, or transported offshore.
Patient Education through the Internet (2004)

Although Internet use among patients continues to increase, the quality of disseminated information in orthopaedic surgery often is substandard. We reviewed and compared the web sites of academic orthopaedic surgery departments and private practices and rated their informational content with respect to patient education. Only 11.5% of academic sites and 52% of private practice sites list information on common orthopaedic conditions. Of these, less than 1/3 have information on various topics, and few have links to other patient education sites. Private practice web sites make better use of the Internet to provide patients with practical information about their individual practices. Few sites post the date of last update and those that do often have not been updated for more than 6 months. Academic and private practices underutilize the Internet as an educational resource. Orthopaedic surgeons are missing an important opportunity to provide accurate and reliable information to their patients.
A Comparative Study of Speaker Role Identification in Air Traffic Communication Using Deep Learning Approaches (2021)

Automatic spoken instruction understanding (SIU) of the controller-pilot conversations in the air traffic control (ATC) requires not only recognizing the words and semantics of the speech but also determining the role of the speaker. However, few of the published works on the automatic understanding systems in air traffic communication focus on speaker role identification (SRI). In this paper, we formulate the SRI task of controller-pilot communication as a binary classification problem. Furthermore, the text-based, speech-based, and speech and text based multi-modal methods are proposed to achieve a comprehensive comparison of the SRI task. To ablate the impacts of the comparative approaches, various advanced neural network architectures are applied to optimize the implementation of text-based and speech-based methods. Most importantly, a multi-modal speaker role identification network (MMSRINet) is designed to achieve the SRI task by considering both the speech and textual modality features. To aggregate modality features, the modal fusion module is proposed to fuse and squeeze acoustic and textual representations by modal attention mechanism and self-attention pooling layer, respectively. Finally, the comparative approaches are validated on the ATCSpeech corpus collected from a real-world ATC environment. The experimental results demonstrate that all the comparative approaches are worked for the SRI task, and the proposed MMSRINet shows the competitive performance and robustness than the other methods on both seen and unseen data, achieving 98.56%, and 98.08% accuracy, respectively.
Understanding efficient up-conversion in CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (2023)

CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals have been identified as a potential medium to realize condensed phase optical refrigeration. This is due to its near unity emission quantum yields and efficient anti-Stokes photoluminescence (ASPL). Despite much work on CsPbBr3’s optical response, the origin of its efficient ASPL remains unclear. We conduct detailed optical spectroscopy measurements in conjunction with theory to establish mechanistic insights into CsPbBr3’s up-conversion process. Experimental techniques utilized include: temperature-dependent and detuning energy-dependent ASPL measurements, temperature-tunable photothermal heterodyne absorption spectroscopy, and ultrafast transient differential absorption (TDA) spectroscopy.
Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal elastomers as moldable shape-programmable material (2023)

The current development of soft shape-memory materials often results in materials that are typically limited to the synthesis of thin-walled specimens and usually rely on complex, low-yield manufacturing techniques to fabricate macro-sized, solid three-dimensional objects. However, such geometrical limitations and slow production rates can significantly hinder their practical implementation. In this work, we demonstrate a shape-memory composite material that can be effortlessly molded into arbitrary shapes or sizes. The composite material is made from main-chain liquid crystal elastomer (MC-LCE) microparticles dispersed in a silicone polymer matrix. Shape-programmability is achieved via low-temperature induced glassiness and hardening of MC-LCE inclusions, which effectively freezes-in any mechanically instilled deformations. Once thermally reset, the composite returns to its initial shape and can be shape-programmed again. Magnetically aligning MC-LCE microparticles prior to curing allows the shape-programmed artefacts to be additionally thermomechanically functionalized. Therefore, our material enables efficient morphing among the virgin, thermally-programmed, and thermomechanically-controlled shapes.
Joint Rhythmic Movement Increases 4-Year-Old Children’s Prosocial Sharing and Fairness Toward Peers (2017)

The allocation of resources to a peer partner is a prosocial act that is of fundamental importance. Joint rhythmic movement, such as occurs during musical interaction, can induce positive social experiences, which may play a role in developing and enhancing young children's prosocial skills. Here, we investigated whether joint rhythmic movement, free of musical context, increases 4-year-olds' sharing and sense of fairness in a resource allocation task involving peers. We developed a precise procedure for administering joint synchronous experience, joint asynchronous experience, and a baseline control involving no treatment. Then we tested how participants allocated resources between self and peer. We found an increase in the generous allocation of resources to peers following both synchronous and asynchronous movement compared to no treatment. At a more theoretical level, this result is considered in relation to previous work testing other aspects of child prosociality, for example, peer cooperation, which can be distinguished from judgments of fairness in resource allocation tasks. We draw a conceptual distinction between two types of prosocial behavior: resource allocation (an other-directed individual behavior) and cooperation (a goal-directed collaborative endeavor). Our results highlight how rhythmic interactions, which are prominent in joint musical engagements and synchronized activity, influence prosocial behavior between preschool peers.
CuBr laser for precision machining in electronics (1997)

In this paper a CuBr pulsed laser ((lambda) equals 510.6 nm and 578.2 nm) having an average output power of 10 W and efficiency (2,5%) is presented. Owing to a considerably lower operating temperature (560 degrees Celsius) CuBr laser becomes an alternative for more widely used conventional Cu laser (with operating temperature 1500 - 1600 degrees Celsius) in such applications where the required laser output power is lower than 50 W. Examples for such applications, mainly for high precision laser machining in electronic are presented in this paper.
Animal models of antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention (2012)

As human data from PrEP trials validate animal models or help fine tune them, it is expected that these models will play increasingly important roles in PrEP development as the field extends into new drug classes and combinations, episodic dosing, and novel long-acting drug formulations. By providing both efficacy and pharmacologic information these models can define correlates and mechanisms of protection, inform dose selection, and advance the most promising PrEP candidates and dosing modalities.
Prostaglandins in Cancer: A Review (1983)

(1983). Prostaglandins in Cancer: A Review. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 485-493.
Decomposition of formic acid (2011)

Formic acid is known to act as a reduction agent for copper oxide. Its thermal uni-molecular decomposition was studied by means of DFT with special attention to reaction paths and kinetics.
Intramolecular Ring-Ring Stacking Interactions between 8-Methoxypsoralen and Adenine Induced by Polymethylene Bridges (2001)

Intramolecular ring-ring interactions in the model compounds, 8-methoxypsoralen-CH2O(CH2)n-adenine (MOPCH2OCnAd, n=2, 3, 5, and 6) in which 5 &amp;apos; position of 8-methoxypsoralne (8-MOP) is linked by different polymethylene bridges to N9 of adenine, have been investigated by hypochromism measurements. Efficient ring-ring stacking interactions have been observed in MOPCH2OC2Ad (7) from the percent hypochromism (%H) and fluorescence spectra of the models and a reference molecule. The 8-methoxypsoralen-adenine sys-tems have shown stronger ring-ring stacking interaction than the psoralen-adenine systems.
Cardiovascular effects of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-methyl-l-arginine hydrochloride (546C88) in patients with septic shock: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study (study no. 144-002)* (2004)

The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 546C88 can reduce the elevated plasma nitrate concentrations observed in patients with septic shock. In this study, treatment with 546C88 for up to 72 hrs was associated with an increase in vascular tone and a reduction in both cardiac index and oxygen delivery. The successful maintenance of a target mean arterial blood pressure > or =70 mm Hg was achieved with a reduction in the requirement for, or withdrawal of, conventional inotropic vasoconstrictor agents (i.e., dopamine and norepinephrine). There were no substantive untoward consequences accompanying these hemodynamic effects. An international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study has since been conducted in patients with septic shock. Recruitment into the study was discontinued due to the emergence of increased mortality in the 546C88-treated group.
Latest Progress in Electrospun Nanofibers for Wound Healing Applications (2019)

Electrospinning is a versatile technique used to create native tissue-like fibrous scaffolds. Recently, it has gained a large amount of attention for generation of bioactive dressing materials suitable for treatment of both chronic and acute wounds. In this Review, we focus on the latest advances made in the application of electrospun scaffolds for bioactive wound healing. We first provide a brief overview of the wound healing process and electrospinning approaches. We then discuss fabrication of scaffolds made from natural and synthetic polymers via electrospinning for effective wound treatment and management. Natural polymers used for wound healing included in our Review cover protein based polymers such as collagen, gelatin, and silk and polysaccharide based polymers such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and alginate. In addition, we discuss aliphatic polyesters, super hydrophilic polymers, and polyurethanes as some of the most commonly used synthetic polymers for wound healing and wound dressing applications. Next, we review multifunctional and "smart" scaffolds developed by electrospinning based approaches. We place an emphasis on how flexibility of the electrospinning process enables production of advanced scaffolds such as core-shell fibrous scaffolds, multilayer scaffolds, and surface modified scaffolds. Taken together, it is clear that electrospinning is an emerging technology that provides a unique opportunity for engineering more effective wound dressing, management, and care products.
Variable Mapping Method With Nonmatching Meshes in 3-D Finite-Element Analysis of Coupled Electromagnetic–Structural Fields (2015)

In the magnetic-structural simulations which are done by weak coupling, electromagnetic force data obtained by the simulation of the magnetic fields are to be transferred to the structural fields between meshes. However, in the different fields due to the different requirements of discretization scheme, such as the shape and distribution density of meshes, different finite-element models are used to analyze. Therefore, the data cannot directly be transferred between these nonmatching meshes. In this paper, we proposed a nonmatching meshes mapping method to deal with this problem. This method was used to a 3-D coupled magnetic and structural finite-element analysis of C-shaped armature in the railgun. Under the four different conditions of discretization scheme, the coupled simulations of the magnetic and structural fields were done by this method. The results were compared with reference values obtained by the same meshes mapping situation. The relative errors of the four cases are all less than 5%. Therefore, it proves the correctness and accuracy of this method.
Prognostic Significance of AKT/mTOR and MAPK Pathways and Antitumor Effect of mTOR Inhibitor in NF1-Related and Sporadic Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (2012)

mTOR inhibition is a potential treatment option for both NF1-related and sporadic MPNSTs.
Fully integrated carbon nanotube composite thin film strain sensors on flexible substrates for structural health monitoring (2017)

Multifunctional thin film materials have opened many opportunities for novel sensing strategies for structural health monitoring. While past work has established methods of optimizing multifunctional materials to exhibit sensing properties, comparatively less work has focused on their integration into fully functional sensing systems capable of being deployed in the field. This study focuses on the advancement of a scalable fabrication process for the integration of multifunctional thin films into a fully integrated sensing system. This is achieved through the development of an optimized fabrication process that can create a broad range of sensing systems using multifunctional materials. A layer-by-layer deposited multifunctional composite consisting of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) in a polyvinyl alcohol and polysodium-4-styrene sulfonate matrix are incorporated with a lithography process to produce a fully integrated sensing system deposited on a flexible substrate. To illustrate the process, a strain sensing platform consisting of a patterned SWNT-composite thin film as a strain-sensitive element within an amplified Wheatstone bridge sensing circuit is presented. Strain sensing is selected because it presents many of the design and processing challenges that are core to patterning multifunctional thin film materials into sensing systems. Strain sensors fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate are experimentally tested under cyclic loading using standard four-point bending coupons and a partial-scale steel frame assembly under lateral loading. The study reveals the material process is highly repeatable to produce fully integrated strain sensors with linearity and sensitivity exceeding 0.99 and respectively. The thin film strain sensors are robust and are capable of high strain measurements beyond
Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Simulation Study of Composite-Material-Modified Loess Improving High-Speed Railway Subgrade (2022)

Construction of high-speed railway subgrade on loess soils in the Loess Plateau is risky because such soil is susceptible to differential settlements. Various soil-improvement methods have been used to enhance the mechanical properties of loess. Lime-ash soil and cement-lime soil are the most commonly used methods in the improvement of loess subgrade, while few studies have been found on loess subgrade improvement by using composite material consisting of traditional materials and new materials. A series of direct shear tests and unconfined compressive tests were conducted on the loess specimen with the addition of three kinds of composite materials: traditional material cement, new material polypropylene fiber and SCA-2 soil curing agent. The numerical simulation was conducted on loess subgrade in an actual engineering practice. The experimental results show that cement, polypropylene fiber and SCA-2 soil curing agent can effectively improve the shear strength and compressive strength of loess, and the influence degree is cement > fiber > curing agent. Additionally, based on the relative strength characteristics of the improved loess, an optimal improvement scheme for the composite-material-modified loess was obtained: 16% cement content + 0.5% fiber content + 4% curing agent content. The numerical simulation results revealed that the compressive strength index of the improved loess has a significant impact on the subgrade settlement, and the optimal improvement scheme obtained from comprehensive analysis can effectively improve the settlement of high-speed railway subgrade under vibration load.
Evaluation of ESD Susceptibility of Solar Cells with a Monolithic Bypass Diode (2006)

The combination of solar cell and bypass diode is a determining factor in a product's resistance to on orbit damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD). In this paper, Emcore's bypass diode integration strategies and the effects of ESD on fully interconnected ATJ and ATJM solar cells is discussed. Results from pulse-injection ESD testing are presented for solar cells incorporating various diodes to illustrate the dependence of ESD damage threshold on diode design. ATJM products display a range of results during pulse-injection testing, with some designs showing no performance degradation after repeated exposures to >150 A discharges. Damage thresholds for the products are quantified and shown to be less dependent on bypass diode type than on 010 circuit series resistance. The result provides a means by which ATJM products can be tailored to withstand severe ESD conditions