gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Band Structure Calculations of Ferromagnetic Chromium Tellurides CrSiTe3 and CrGeTe3 (1996)

Band structure calculations using the spin-polarized ASW method were performed on the title compounds. Nonmetallic behavior is attributed to spin-polarization-induced opening of a gap at the Fermi level. Curie temperatures were calculated and found to be in reasonable agreement with the real evolution of silicon and germanium derivatives.
Simple estimation of Kt/V (2005)

【目的】透析効率の評価にはKt/Vが利用され, 予後との関連も示されている. しかし, Kt/Vを利用するにあたっては, 血液検査や関数電卓が必要など, 不便な点もある. 今回, われわれは, 体重あたり血流量と透析時間との積からKt/Vが簡便に推測できる可能性を見出したため, これを臨床データに当てはめ, 実際に利用可能かを検討した. 【方法】当院で2002年4月から2003年8月までに血液透析を行い, 判断基準を満たした102人の血液透析において, 今回の指標 (Qbt/10BW) とKt/Vとの回帰分析を行った. また, 誤差に影響を与える因子を多変量解析で検討した. 【結果】回帰分析で今回の値はQbt/10BW=1.070Kt/V-0.081 (R2=0.773) と標準的な方法で計算したKt/Vと高い相関関係が得られた. 多変量解析の結果からは, 今回の値は血流が増加するとKt/Vを過大評価, 体重が重い場合と女性ではKt/Vを過小評価することが分かった. 【考察】今回の値は, 血液検査を行うことなく, 簡便に計算が可能で, Kt/Vのよい推測値となることが示された. 多変量解析から明らかになった誤差に影響を与える因子は, いずれもこの式を導き出すための前提に関わるものであった. このため, 透析量のモニタリングには, 定期的に血液検査を行い標準的なKt/Vを計算することが重要であるが, 今回の値は, 実際の治療を開始する前の透析処方時にも慣れ親しんだKt/Vで簡便に透析効率を推測することができるという利点が存在すると考えられた. 【結論】今回われわれは体重あたりの血流量から, 簡便にKt/Vを推測できることを発見した.
Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation (1977)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with pto and mhq-z topologies based on Tri- and tetratopic linkers (2023)

Three-dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess higher surface areas, more abundant pore channels, and lower density compared to their two-dimensional counterparts which makes the development of 3D COFs interesting from a fundamental and practical point of view. However, the construction of highly crystalline 3D COF remains challenging. At the same time, the choice of topologies in 3D COFs is limited by the crystallization problem, the lack of availability of suitable building blocks with appropriate reactivity and symmetries, and the difficulties in crystalline structure determination. Herein, we report two highly crystalline 3D COFs with pto and mhq-z topologies designed by rationally selecting rectangular-planar and trigonal-planar building blocks with appropriate conformational strains. The pto 3D COFs show a large pore size of 46 Å with an extremely low calculated density. The mhq-z net topology is solely constructed from totally face-enclosed organic polyhedra displaying a precise uniform micropore size of 1.0 nm. The 3D COFs show a high CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity at room temperature and can potentially serve as promising carbon capture adsorbents. This work expands the choice of accessible 3D COF topologies, enriching the structural versatility of COFs.
Hydrodynamic theory of transport in doped graphene (2009)

We study nonlinear dc transport in graphene using a hydrodynamic approach and conclude that in clean samples the drift velocity saturates at a weakly density-dependent value ${v}_{sat}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{7}\text{ }\text{cm}/\text{s}$. We show that saturation results from the interactions between graphene's Dirac quasiparticles and both acoustic and optical phonons. Saturation is accompanied by substantial electron heating and is not reached at realistic driving fields in moderately or strongly disordered samples. We find that it is essential to account for interactions among graphene's Dirac quasiparticles, which increase the linear-response resistivity at high temperatures or low densities.
Estimation of Gaussian Processes in Markov-Middleton Impulsive Noise (2019)

This work addresses the estimation of Gaussian signals over power line channels which are impaired by impulsive noise. The Markov-Middleton model is used to describe the memory and the multi-interferer nature of the impulsive noise. The estimation of Gaussian samples has been obtained by using a message passing algorithm. The message passing approach involves estimation of the channel states, approximation of the Gaussian mixtures and estimation of the correlated Gaussian samples. Correlation of channel states and correlation of input samples results in a loopy factor graph. To implement message passing on a loopy factor graph, we divide the graph in two main parts that exchange their messages by using a parallel iterative schedule. The lower part detects the channel states using the Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) algorithm and the upper part estimates the signal samples using a Kalman smoother. The proposed approach extensively reduces the complexity of the overall estimation process.
Optical Diagnostics and Modeling of Gas and Droplet Flow in Wire Arc Spraying (1998)

Abstract There is widespread industrial interest in wire arc spraying as it has proven to be a relatively inexpensive alternative providing high quality coatings in many applications. Modeling and experimental studies have been conducted with different nozzle geometries to study the influence of fluid dynamics on the behavior of the particles which form the coating. Schlieren optical diagnostics and image analysis are used to study flow patterns obtained with different nozzle geometries. Supplementary measurements are made with static and total pressure probes. A particle breakup model is used to predict the trajectory and breakup of molten particles in the jet. This investigation indicates that nozzle designs that minimize or eliminate shock formation before the atomizing gas reaches the wire tips result in lower coating porosity and a more uniform particle size distribution.
The effect of sodium fluoride on seeds germination and morphophysiological changes in the seedlings of the Antarctic species Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl.and the Subantarctic species Colobanthus apetalus (Labill.) Druce (2019)

The phytotoxic effects of fluoride and its derivatives on the seeds and seedlings of the Colobanthus apetalus and Colobanthus quitensis were studied. This is a first study to evaluate the influence of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the morphophysiological and biochemical processes on two Colobanthus species. The influence of various concentrations of NaF (9 mM, 19 mM, 29 mM) on the germination capacity and germination rate of seeds, seedlings growth and the proline content of plant tissues was analyzed under laboratory conditions (20/10°C, 12/12 h). The seeds of C. apetalus were collected from a greenhouse, whereas the seeds of C. quitensis were collected in Antarctica and in a greenhouse (Olsztyn, Poland). The tested concentrations of NaF did not suppress the germination of C. apetalus seeds, but the germination of C. quitensis seeds was inhibited. Sodium fluoride mainly inhibited root growth of C. apetalus and C. quitensis. In both analyzed species, the free proline content of seedlings increased significantly under exposure to NaF. The results of this study clearly indicate that C. apetalus and C. quitensis are highly resistant to NaF stress.
Molecular imaging of substance abuse (2010)

The use of substances for psychoactive effects dates to antiquity with evidence in archaeological finds of alcohol-related intoxication and possibly ritualistic use of Nymphaea caerulea in ancient Egypt and alcohol abuse in classic Greek and Roman culture. The neurobehavioral characterization of addiction encompasses a broad spectrum of features. In line with a neurobiological model of addiction, altered neurochemistry remains at the core of the acute and chronic addictive process that is so disruptive to individuals, their families, and the public. This underscores the importance of describing the addiction process through careful in-vivo neurochemical investigation, and it is fortunate that there exist today powerful imaging tools to enhance understanding of human addiction. Drugs of abuse that include methamphetamine, opioids, nicotine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), cannabinoids, and alcohol are discussed. Gender differences in response to acute and long-term exposure may be subserved by neurochemical differences as well.
[Mechanism of treating rheumatoid arthritis with Tripterygium wilfordii hook. II. Effect on PGE2 secretion]. (1989)

PBMC from normal adults and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were cultured in the absence or presence of various concentrations of T2, indomethacin, dexamethasone for certain periods of time. The amounts of PGE2 in the cell-free supernatants were measured by radioimmunoassay, and a significant reduction of PGE2 production by PBMC cultured with 2-50 micrograms/ml of T2 was found. The percentages of inhibition of PGE2 production in the cultures with 2 micrograms/ml, 10 micrograms/ml and 50 micrograms/ml of T2 were 44.1 +/- 5.3%, 89.5 +/- 4.9% and 84.3 +/- 8.5% respectively. The PGE2 concentrations in the culture supernatants of RA PBMC were higher than those in the supernatants of normal PBMC, but the inhibitory effect of T2 on RA PBMC production of PGE2 was similar to that on normal PBMC. In comparison with indomethacin, the inhibitory effect of T2 on PGE2 production was less remarkable. However, T2 exhibits therapeutic effects on RA which are superior to any other non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of T2 on PGE production may only be one of its therapeutic mechanisms in the treatment of patients with RA.
Isolation of a multispecific organic anion and cardiac glycoside transporter from rat brain (1997)

A novel multispecific organic anion transporting polypeptide (oatp2) has been isolated from rat brain. The cloned cDNA contains 3,640 bp. The coding region extends over 1,983 nucleotides, thus encoding a polypeptide of 661 amino acids. Oatp2 is homologous to other members of the oatp gene family of membrane transporters with 12 predicted transmembrane domains, five potential glycosylation, and six potential protein kinase C phosphorylation sites. In functional expression studies in Xenopus laevis oocytes, oatp2 mediated uptake of the bile acids taurocholate (Km approximately 35 microM) and cholate (Km approximately 46 microM), the estrogen conjugates 17beta-estradiol-glucuronide (Km approximately 3 microM) and estrone-3-sulfate (Km approximately 11 microM), and the cardiac gylcosides ouabain (Km approximately 470 microM) and digoxin (Km approximately 0.24 microM). Although most of the tested compounds are common substrates of several oatp-related transporters, high-affinity uptake of digoxin is a unique feature of the newly cloned oatp2. On the basis of Northern blot analysis under high-stringency conditions, oatp2 is highly expressed in brain, liver, and kidney but not in heart, spleen, lung, skeletal muscle, and testes. These results provide further support for the overall significance of oatps as a new family of multispecific organic anion transporters. They indicate that oatp2 may play an especially important role in the brain accumulation and toxicity of digoxin and in the hepatobiliary and renal excretion of cardiac glycosides from the body.
A rapid laboratory method for developing contact prints of stained polyacrylamide gels (1983)

Abstract A rapid laboratory method for processing quality color prints of high resolution two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gels has been developed to obtain photographs for data storage or for the presentation of results in poster formats. This method involves the contact printing of a gel directly onto the film so that the final print will be an exact duplication of the size and color of the gel. A variety of papers or films can be used to produce color prints or transparencies. This method has been adapted for use with a color or with a black and white photographic enlarger.
Realization of Reports Using Language C under UNIX System (2003)

It has been very difficult for a long time to create reports of text format using standard language C, since there is no report tool available. A lot of program lines are needed to create a report. What's more, it is difficult to debug the report's format, for example, the format among the lines. This paper mainly tells a realization of data-driven reports, using language C under UNIX system. Create a report tool, then use this tool and report format files newly added to create reports needed. Change the report format files, then the report will be changed.
Trends in pulmonary tuberculosis mortality between 1985 and 2018: an observational analysis (2022)

Abstract Introduction Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a major source of global mortality and morbidity, particularly in the developing world. Latent infection has enabled it to spread to approximately a quarter of the world's population. The late 1980s and early 1990s saw an increase in the number of reported TB cases related to the HIV epidemic and immigration, as well as the spread of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB). Few studies have reported pulmonary TB mortality trends. Our study reports and compares trends in pulmonary TB mortality between 1985 and 2018 in countries throughout the world. Methods We utilized the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database to extract TB mortality data based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 system. Based on the availability and quality of data, we included Canada and the United States (US) from the Americas; Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and United Kingdom from Europe; Australia, New Zealand, and Japan from the Western Pacific region. Crude mortality rates were dichotomized by sex and reported by year. We computed age standardized death rates (ASRDs) per 100,000 population using the world standard population. Pulmonary TB mortality trends were examined using Joinpoint regression analysis and reported using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). Results We observed a decrease in mortality in males and females in all countries except the Republic of Moldova, which showed an increase in female mortality (+0.12%). Among all countries, Lithuania had the greatest reduction in male mortality (-12.01%) between 1993-2018, and Hungary had the greatest reduction in female mortality (-1.57%) between 1985-2017. Male mortality declined at a steady rate across the study period. Slovenia had the most rapid recent declining trend for males with an EAPC of -47% (2003-2016), followed by Australia (-33.6%, 2014-2017), whereas Croatia and Austria showed an increase in EAPC of +25.0% (2015-2017) and +17.8% (2010-2014), respectively. For females, New Zealand had the most rapid recent declining trend (-47.2%, 1985-2015), followed by Hungary (-35.1%, 2004-2007), whereas Croatia showed an increase in EAPC (+24.9%, 2014-2017). Conclusion Pulmonary TB mortality is disproportionately higher among Central and Eastern European countries. This communicable disease cannot be eliminated from any one region without a global approach. Priority action areas include ensuring early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to the most vulnerable groups. In low- and middle-income countries with high TB incidence, attenuation of socioeconomic determinants including extreme poverty, inadequate living conditions, and malnutrition remains crucial.
Intradialytic Oral Nutrition Improves Protein Homeostasis in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients with Deranged Nutritional Status (2006)

Decreased dietary protein intake and hemodialysis (HD)-associated protein catabolism predispose chronic HD (CHD) patients to deranged nutritional status, which is associated with poor clinical outcome in this population. Intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) reverses the net negative whole-body and skeletal muscle protein balance during HD. IDPN is costly and restricted by Medicare and other payers. Oral supplementation (PO) is a more promising, physiologic, and affordable intervention in CHD patients. Protein turnover studies were performed by primed-constant infusion of L-(1-(13)C) leucine and L-(ring-(2)H(5)) phenylalanine in eight CHD patients with deranged nutritional status before, during, and after HD on three separate occasions: (1) with IDPN infusion, (2) with PO administration, and (3) with no intervention (control). Results showed highly positive whole-body net balance during HD for both IDPN and PO (4.43 +/- 0.7 and 5.71 +/- 1.2 mg/kg fat-free mass per min, respectively), compared with a neutral balance with control (0.25 +/- 0.5 mg/kg fat-free mass per min; P = 0.002 and <0.001 for IDPN versus control and PO versus control, respectively). Skeletal muscle protein homeostasis during HD also improved with both IDPN and PO (50 +/- 19 and 42 +/- 17 microg/100 ml per min) versus control (-27 +/- 13 microg/100 ml per min; P = 0.005 and 0.009 for IDPN versus control and PO versus control, respectively). PO resulted in persistent anabolic benefits in the post-HD phase for muscle protein metabolism, when anabolic benefits of IDPN dissipated (-53 +/- 25 microg/100 ml per min for control, 47 +/- 41 microg/100 ml per min for PO [P = 0.039 versus control], and -53 +/- 24 microg/100 ml per min for IDPN [P = 1.000 versus control and 0.039 versus PO]). Long-term studies using intradialytic oral supplementation are needed for CHD patients with deranged nutritional status.
A study on the decision of the central district system using spatial imformation analysis based on the grid unit system : Focused on Daejeon (2023)

본 연구에서는 기 수립된 중심지 체계를 설정에 있어 다른 차별화된 방법을 제시하고, 이를 고려한 대전시의 중심지 체계를 새로운 방법으로 제시하고자 한다. 새로운 대전시 중심지 체계설정을 위해 공시지가, 비주거용 건축물 연상면적, 사업체수, 카드사용액 등 4개 분석지표를 그리드셀 단위로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대전시의 총 28개에 해당하는 1차∼4차 중심지를 도출하였다. 1차 중심지는 둔산, 원도심 등 5개 지역이며, 2차 중심지는 용전지역, 3차 중심지는 가오동 등 6개 지역이며, 4차 중심지는 유천동 등 16개 지역이다. 둘째, 2020년 대전도시기본계획에서 제시한 중심지 체계와 비교 결과, 도심 지역이 다수 포함되었으며, 도시기본계획에서 설정하고 있지 않은 14개 지역도 중심지로 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 향후, 도시의 중심지 체계나 도시공간구조 설정연구에 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Magnetic vortex core reversal by excitation of spin waves (2011)

Micron-sized magnetic platelets in the flux-closed vortex state are characterized by an in-plane curling magnetization and a nanometer-sized perpendicularly magnetized vortex core. Having the simplest non-trivial configuration, these objects are of general interest to micromagnetics and may offer new routes for spintronics applications. Essential progress in the understanding of nonlinear vortex dynamics was achieved when low-field core toggling by excitation of the gyrotropic eigenmode at sub-GHz frequencies was established. At frequencies more than an order of magnitude higher vortex state structures possess spin wave eigenmodes arising from the magneto-static interaction. Here we demonstrate experimentally that the unidirectional vortex core reversal process also occurs when such azimuthal modes are excited. These results are confirmed by micromagnetic simulations, which clearly show the selection rules for this novel reversal mechanism. Our analysis reveals that for spin-wave excitation the concept of a critical velocity as the switching condition has to be modified.
Hopfield-type neural networks with fuzzy sets to gather the convergent speed (2003)

To solve combinatorial optimization problems with Hopfield-type neural networks, the slope of the sigmoid function must be adjusted to a desirable narrow range. It was reported that the desirable range could be widened by changing the parameters of the energy function and the sigmoid function dynamically. Fuzzy parameters are introduced to perform scheduling of the networks. A fuzzy rule is proposed for the purpose of fast convergence while keeping the ability to minimize energy. Simulation results show its validity on the traveling salesman problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Flawed Meta-Analyses Comparing Psychotherapy With Pharmacotherapy (2000)

Numerous types of studies exemplify the need for caution in evaluating meta-analytic conclusions without first critically examining the included studies. Estimates of the relative efficacy of different treatments are not well founded when based almost exclusively on indirect, multiply confounded comparisons. Meta-analyses based on flawed studies or studies that lack demonstrated assay sensitivity are also inadequate for the criticism of treatment guidelines. Some bodies of data are inadequate to support a proper meta-analysis.
On the Age of Pseudonyms in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2010)

In many envisioned mobile ad hoc networks, nodes are expected to periodically beacon to advertise their presence. In this way, they can receive messages addressed to them or participate in routing operations. Yet, these beacons leak information about the nodes and thus hamper their privacy. A classic remedy consists of each node making use of (certified) pseudonyms and changing its pseudonym in specific locations called mix zones. Of course, privacy is then higher if the pseudonyms are short-lived (i.e., nodes have a short distance-to-confusion), but pseudonyms can be costly, as they are usually obtained from an external authority. In this paper, we provide a detailed analytical evaluation of the age of pseudonyms based on differential equations. We corroborate this model by a set of simulations. This paper thus provides a detailed quantitative framework for selecting the parameters of a pseudonym-based privacy system in peer-to-peer wireless networks.
Photoresponse of Graphene-on-Silicon Nitride Microring Resonator (2016)

We report the design and fabrication of a graphene-on-silicon nitride microring resonator to achieve the optimized optical absorption. The bolometric effect in the graphene photodetector results in a responsivity of 1.31 mA/W at 1.55 µm.
CALIBRATION OF THE PEA TENDEROMETER AND A COMPARISON OF TENDEROMETER READINGS FROM THREE COUNTRIES (1976)

Abstract The validity of the Texture Test System (TTS) as a reference calibration instrument for the Pea Tenderometers has been evaluated. The factors influencing the results are discussed. A linear correlation between TTS values and tenderometer units has been obtained with a correlation coefficient of at least 0.98. Calibration of the Pea Tenderometers by means of the TTS is now the standard procedure in Sweden. A comparison has been made between Swedish, English and American tenderometer readings. The results show that Swedish and English tenderometer readings are quite similar, whereas the U.S. values differ by up to 9 TU depending on the sample tenderness.
A Personalized Calendar Assistant (2004)

Many calendar tools have become available to organize, display, and track a user’s commitments. However, most people still spend a considerable amount of time personally organizing meetings and managing the constant changes and adjustments that must be made to their schedules. Our goal is to provide the technology necessary to manage an individual’s calendar. The resulting agent will let the user retain control of decisions when necessary and relinquish control to the assistant at other times. Meanwhile, the agent will be sensitive to the user’s wishes and preferences. The key elements in our approach are the creation of a process framework that captures possible interactions with users and other agents, learning technology to capture the user’s preferences, and advisability to enable direct instruction by the user at various levels of abstraction. As the system improves its model of the user over time, reliance on user interaction will decrease.
Recall-a-story, a story-telling graphical password system (2009)

No abstract available.