gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Alleles of FAD3A Lower the Linolenic Acid Content of Soybean Seeds (2018)

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of the most important sources of plant‐based oil worldwide. Linolenic acid is associated with undesirable flavors and poor stability in soybean oil. Partial hydrogenation is typically used to reduce the levels of linolenic acid in soybean oil; however, this process results in the production of trans fatty acids. Studies have shown a link between increased risk of coronary heart disease and trans fatty acids present in hydrogenated oils. Thus, it is crucial to seek out genetic strategies to develop soybean lines with lower linolenic acid. To identify novel and useful alleles that could help reduce levels of linolenic acid in soybean, we screened a chemically mutagenized population. Three lines with reduced levels of linolenic acid in seed were identified. Mutant lines contained 3.8 to 4.5% of the total fatty acids as linolenic acid and carried independent mutations in the FAD3A gene encoding a desaturase responsible for the conversion of linoleic acid to linolenic acid in soybean seeds. To track the mutant alleles in a segregating population, allele specific markers were developed and the genetic association was confirmed with the reduced level of linolenic acid. These soybean lines will serve as a source of reduced linolenic acid to meet the breeding objectives of providing improved soybean lines.
A Secure Capability Computer System (1986)

A secure computer system based on a capability architecture is described. Abstract types are used to provide separation and the reference monitor function. By providing a trusted path from the user to security critical operations, full discretionary and mandatory access controls are enforced.
Parabolic Equation Method for Loran-C ASF Prediction Over Irregular Terrain (2015)

The parabolic equation (PE) method is employed to solve the Loran-C additional secondary factors (ASFs) over irregular terrain. Based on the split-step Fourier transform (SSFT) algorithm, the method has been proven to be numerically efficient. The ASF results are compared to those of the integral equation (IE) method and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Very good agreements are observed. The computational time of the PE method is several orders less than that of the other two. The memory requirement is similar to the IE, and less than the FDTD method.
Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 by Vildagliptin During Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Infusion Increases Liver Glucose Uptake in the Conscious Dog (2008)

Vildagliptin fully inhibited DPP-4 activity, reduced GLP-1 clearance by 40%, and increased hepatic glucose disposal by means beyond the effects of GLP-1 on insulin and glucagon secretion.
MMP-2: A novel target for antitumor immune therapy (2009)

3053 Background: Over the last two decades, a large array of antigens expressed by melanoma cells (MAA) has been identified and used in various immunization strategies to treat cancer patients. However, the therapeutic efficacy of these approaches remains limited. Because MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) activity is critical for melanoma progression, this protein represents a unique antigen for vaccine therapy. Methods: Antigen-specific T cell clones were obtained from healthy donors. CD4 + cells were stimulated with overlapping MMP-2 peptides pulsed with irradiated autologous CD4 - fraction. After 12 days, MMP-2-specific responses were determined by intracellular staining for cytokines. Specific T cells from positive samples were enriched, using the IFNγ-capture assay (Miltenyi), followed by cloning using limiting dilution. Cytokine production was assessed by ELISA, intracellular staining, or cytometric bead array method. Results: We identified 11 novel CD4 MMP-2-derived epitopes, and showed that the corresponding T cells displayed an inflammatory T H 2 profile, i.e., mainly secreting TNF, IL-4 and IL-13 and expressing the T H 2-specific transcription factor GATA-3. In contrast, CD4 + T cells that recognize other associated MAAs were typically T H 1. MMP-2-specific responses were detected in the CD45RO + /CD62L - T cell memory fraction. Interestingly, naïve T cells primed with active MMP-2 gave rise to T H 2 specific cells, while naïve T cells primed with peptides generated IFNγ-secreting specific cells, consistent with a T H 1 profile. Accordingly, we showed that the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 inhibited IL-12 secretion by mature DCs, possibly explaining the T H 2 skewing of MMP-2-specific T cells. Furthermore, MMP-2 specific T H 2 cells were found in at least 18 tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte populations out of the 31 melanoma patients tested. Conclusions: The protease activity of MMP-2 blocks DC maturation, more precisely IL-12 production, which could be responsible for the observed T H 2 lineage commitment of MMP-2-specific T cells. These findings open the way to therapeutic strategies skewing these already frequent and diverse MMP-2-specific responses towards a more efficient antitumor T H 1 phenotype to treat melanoma patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Avidin engineering : modification of function, oligomerization, stability and structure topology (2003)

Avidiini on neljästä samanlaisesta alayksiköstä muodostunut tetrameerinen glykoproteiini, jota esiintyy luontaisesti, pieninä pitoisuuksina, kanan munanvalkuaisessa. Eräs avidiinin merkittävimmistä ominaisuuksista on sen kyky sitoa vitamiini biotiinia. Avidiinin ja biotiinin välinen vuorovaikutus on voimakkain tunnettu luonnossa esiintyvä ei-kovalenttinen sidos proteiinin ja sen ligandin välillä. Tätä ominaisuutta on hyödynnetty jo pitkään lukuisissa bio- ja lääketieteellisissä sovelluksissa, jotka yhdessä muodostavat niin kutsutun (strept)avidiini-biotiini -teknologian.
Potassium Permanganate-Based Slurry to Reduce the Galvanic Corrosion of the Cu/Ru/TiN Barrier Liner Stack during CMP in the BEOL Interconnects (2016)

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) behavior of Cu/Ru/TiN barrier liner stack was investigated with a slurry comprising of silica abrasives, potassium permanganate (KMnO4), guanidine carbonate (GC) and benzotriazole (BTA) in the alkaline region. The corrosion and polishing behavior of the Cu, Ru and TiN films in the solution consisting of the above additives were characterized by open circuit potential and potentiodynamic measurements, polishing rates, dissolution rates and contact angle measurements. A slurry comprising of 10 mM KMnO4, 1 wt% GC and 5 wt% Silica at pH 10 has shown adequate polish rates as well as low individual film corrosion. However, 1 mM BTA was needed to maintain the ΔECORR of both the Cu/Ru and Ru/TiN couples at <20 mV essential to inhibit any galvanic corrosion while still maintaining low corrosion rates for Cu, Ru and TiN films. The removal rate ratio of Ru:Cu with the optimized slurry was ∼0.8, minimizing the possibility of dishing.
Fused Microfiber Resonators (2009)

We demonstrate a ~2.6 mm-diameter optical ring resonator fabricated from a 7.2 µm-thick silica fiber with a CO2 laser- fused coupling region for mechanical robustness. We experimentally obtain a Q-factor of ≥25,000 at 1.55 µm.
(3R,6E)-nerolidol, a fertility-related volatile secreted by the queens of higher termites (Termitidae: Syntermitinae) (2019)

The queens of advanced social insects maintain their reproductive monopoly by using exocrine chemicals. The chemistry of these "queen pheromones" in termites is poorly known. We show that primary queens of four higher termites from the subfamily Syntermitinae (Embiratermes neotenicus, Silvestritermes heyeri, Labiotermes labralis, and Cyrilliotermes angulariceps) emit significant amounts of the sesquiterpene alcohol (E)-nerolidol. It is the dominant analyte in queen body washes; it is present on the surface of eggs, but absent in kings, workers, and soldiers. In E. neotenicus, it is also produced by replacement neotenic queens, in quantities correlated with their fertility. Using newly synthesised (3R,6E)-nerolidol, we demonstrate that the queens of this species produce only the (R) enantiomer. It is distributed over the surface of their abdomen, in internal tissues, and in the haemolymph, as well as in the headspace of the queens. Both (R) and (S) enantiomers are perceived by the antennae of E. neotenicus workers. The naturally occurring (R) enantiomer elicited a significantly larger antennal response, but it did not show any behavioural effect. In spite of technical difficulties encountered in long-term experiments with the studied species, (3R,6E)-nerolidol remains among eventual candidates for the role in queen fertility signalling.
Construal vs. redundancy: Russian aspect in context (2019)

Abstract The relationship between construal and redundancy has not been previously explored empirically. Russian aspect allows speakers to construe situations as either Perfective or Imperfective, but it is not clear to what extent aspect is determined by context and therefore redundant. We investigate the relationship between redundancy and open construal by surveying 501 native Russian speakers who rated the acceptability of both Perfective and Imperfective verb forms in complete extensive authentic contexts. We find that aspect is largely redundant in 81% of uses, and in 17% of contexts aspect is relatively open to construal. We contend that anchoring in redundant contexts likely facilitates the independence of construal in contexts with less redundancy. However further research is needed to discover what makes contexts redundant since known cues for aspect are absent in the majority of such contexts. Native speakers are fairly consistent in giving the original aspect high ratings, but less consistent in rating the non-original aspect, indicating potential problems in testing the reactions of speakers to non-authentic data.
Effect of feeding olive waste on growth performance and muscle composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). (2011)

Olive waste was evaluated as a substitute ingredient for wheat bran in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets. Five experimental diets viz., 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100% olive waste (OW) replaced with wheat bran were prepared and randomly allotted to triplicate groups with 10 fish in each group. Fish were reared in glass aquaria at a water temperature of 29 ± 1C with a dark/light cycle of 12 h. Fish were fed at 3% of body weight twice daily for a period of 70 days. The increasing level of olive waste in tilapia diets significantly (P 0.05) the feed intake (FI) weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (k), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in fish as compared to fish fed control (100% wheat bran). The replacement of wheat bran with 50, 75 and 100% OW significantly (P 0.05) the moisture and crude protein contents of fish muscles. The fish fed diet containing 100% OW, however, showed significantly higher muscle lipid contents as compared to others. An irregular pattern was observed in the ash content of fish muscles fed various experimental diets. In conclusion, locally produced olive waste in Saudi Arabia can be used as a substitute ingredient for wheat bran only up to 25% level in tilapia diets without compromising their growth performance and efficiency of feed utilization. © 2011 Friends Science Publishers
New Approach for Measuring the Specific Heat Capacity of Reactive Adsorbents Using Calorimetry (2023)

The specific heat capacity (Cp) of zeolite 4A and zeolite 13X was measured using a new methodology performed on a thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) coupled device. Experiments were performed at various water contents in the temperature range from [343 to 363 K] and at atmospheric pressure. The experimental procedure is based on a “classic” temperature ramp. The experimental improvement is based on the control of the water content in the sample during the acquisition by adjusting the atmospheric humidity of the gas flow. The new methodology implies the correction of the DSC signal by subtracting the contribution of the reaction heat for the calculation of the Cp. A linear relationship is used to model the Cp as a function of water content. For a water content ranging from 0 to 0.20 kg·kg–1, the Cp value was in the [897 to 1542 J·kg–1·K–1] range for zeolite 4A and in the [943 to 1344 J·kg–1·K–1] range for the zeolite 13X. These results show that the Cp values of the dry materials are approximately the same, unlike those of the adsorbed water (4120 and 2948 J·kg–1·K–1, respectively).
Exploiting recursion to simplify RPC communication architectures (1988)

Current communication architectures suffer from a growing collection of protocols in the host operating systems, gateways and applications, resulting in increasing implementation and maintenance cost, unreliability and difficulties with interoperability. The remote procedure call (RPC) approach has been used in some distributed systems to contain the diversity of application layer protocols within the procedure call abstraction. However, the same technique cannot be applied to lower layer protocols without violating the strict notion of layers.
Interface band engineering in LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ heterostructures (2023)

Novel two-dimensional electron systems at the interfaces of oxide heterostructures, such as $LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3$, have attracted much attention as they open a new route to harness the rich quantum phases of transition-metal oxides (TMOs) for potentially useful functionalities not available in conventional semiconductor electronics. For such applications, the controllability of these interface properties is key. For $LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3$, previous theoretical and experimental investigations of the band offset and the potential profile near the interface have yielded not only quantitatively different but sometimes even contradictory results, e.g., the absence vs presence of a potential gradient in the $LaAlO_3$ film. By analyzing angle-dependent hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) data with a Poisson-Schrödinger model, we determine the charge carrier distribution and the valence band edge profile across the $LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3$ interface self-consistently. By systematically controlling the oxygen vacancy concentration, i.e., the doping level, during the photoemission experiments, we derive a comprehensive picture of the band scheme and show that the two-dimensional electron system is always narrowly confined to the interface. We observe a crossover of the band alignment from type II to type I with increasing doping level, which reconciles the striking inconsistencies among the earlier studies. We further find that the strongly nonlinear dielectric response of the $SrTiO_3$ substrates to the electric field is essential for the understanding of the band arrangement at the $LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3$ heterointerface.
Bivalirudin or heparin: which anticoagulation strategy for critically ill cardiac surgery patients? (2014)

Anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin in cardiac surgery patients has several limitations, and above all the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Bivalirudin is a direct thrombin inhibitor, use of which in cardiac surgery patients has expanded in recent years. The aim of the study was to analyze two strategies for introducing bivalirudin in this setting (as secondary drug switching from heparin or as primary anticoagulant) and to evaluate clinical outcomes.
Noninvasive cardiac arrhythmia ablation with particle beams (2018)

Cardiac arrhythmias are a major health burden, associated with reduced quality of life and substantial morbidity and mortality. Current therapy includes moderately effective medication and catheter-based ablation of arrhythmogenic substrates in the heart. Catheter interventions frequently have to be repeated due to recurrent arrhythmia, can have rare but severe side-effects and are less suited especially for potentially lethal left ventricular tachycardia. Noninvasive alternatives are therefore warranted. Photon and ion beam radiotherapy has been studied in animal models and first patient cases have been reported using photons. Ion beams might offer the possibility to greatly reduce dose to surrounding healthy tissue, including critical cardiac substructures. Based on a recently conducted animal study, we report advantages and disadvantages of 4D-ion beam therapy, and strategies necessary for a clinical transition. Motion management of both respiration and heartbeat are discussed, as well as range uncertainty resulting from both regular motion and interfractional anatomic changes. Image guidance both in 3D and 4D has to be employed for a safe irradiation, but also population-based data on motion variability and time behavior of interfractional changes are necessary. Range verification could play a crucial role at least during development of clinical protocols. For clinical realization, it appears necessary to suppress or conformally mitigate the large respiratory motion to avoid normal tissue complications. Cardiac motion has to be incorporated into treatment planning, either through adequate range-considering internal margins or through more conformal strategies such as ECG-based gating or even 4D-optimization. The latter strategies would necessitate online 4D image guidance.
Estrogenic Activity of Ultraviolet Absorbers and the Related Compounds (2005)

The estrogenic activities of ultraviolet absorbers and their related compounds were investigated using MCF-7 cell proliferation assay. Nine of 33 chemicals (benzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 4-hydroxybenzophenone, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor, ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate (etocrylene) and 2-ethylhexyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate (octocrylene)) were positive compared with the vehicle control. Benzhydrol, ethyl cinnamate and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone were weakly active. When each xenoestrogen was added to the cells along with ICI 182780, an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, the cell growth was reduced according to its doses. Therefore, the cell proliferation was suggested to generate through ER. Most of these chemicals were also positive using CHOOSER assay, a new method of testing estrogenic activity of xenoestrogen. Each xenoestrogen was also confirmed to bind to ERalpha and ERbeta using a human ER competitive binding assay against 17beta-estradiol. The concentration order of the strength of its inhibitory effect using both ERalpha and ERbeta was similar to that of MCF-7 cell proliferation assay, except for benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (B4HB). B4HB showed a stronger activity on CHOOSER assay and the competitive binding assay using both ERalpha and ERbeta, although there was no activity observed on MCF-7 cell proliferation assay. Our findings were to detect the estrogenic activity of etocrylene and octocrylene in vitro, in addition to confirming the activities of some ultraviolet absorbers as previously reported.
Interleukin 3 activates human blood basophils via high-affinity binding sites. (1989)

Pure populations of human basophilic granulocytes were obtained from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) blood by negative selection using a mixture of monoclonal antibodies and complement. 125I-radiolabeled recombinant human interleukin 3 (rhIL-3) bound to purified basophils in a specific manner. Quantitative binding studies and Scatchard plot analyses performed on samples from two donors revealed the presence of a single class of high-affinity IL-3 binding sites (500 and 2100 sites per cell; dissociation constant at equilibrium, 230 and 160 pmol/liter, respectively). Purified CML basophils maintained in suspension in the presence of rhIL-3 (100 units/ml) incorporated up to 12 times more [3H]thymidine than basophils in control cultures. Furthermore, after preincubation in vitro with rhIL-3 (100 units/ml) for 30 min, normal blood basophils released 2- to 3-fold more histamine than basophils pretreated with control medium when exposed to various concentrations of an anti-IgE antibody. Together, these results show that rhIL-3 binds to a specific receptor on blood basophils and is a regulator of basophil function.
Cytolysis of Free-Living Algae by Complement (1986)

Cells of Euglena gracilis show a marked change in cell shape when normal rat serum is added—they contract assuming a spherical shape. Contraction is followed by irreversible cytolysis. Examination of lysed cells by electron microscopy revealed numerous lesions of about 10 nm inner diameter in the cell membrane. However, heat-inactivated sera neither affected the characteristic elongated state of Euglena nor caused any lesions in the cell membrane. Assay using radiolabelled (1251) anti C5b-C9(m) antibodies showed that the lytic complexes are integrated into the cell membrane of Euglena. When C4-deficient and factor D-depleted sera were used as complement sources, the results showed that the killing of Euglena was dependent on an intact alternative pathway of the complement. This serum-mediated lysis of algae also occurred in different systematic groups: Chilomonas paramecium (Cryptophyceae), Chroomonas spec. (Cryptophyceae), Ochromonas danica (Chrysophyceae), Astasia longa (Euglenophyceae), Distigma elegans (Euglenophyceae), and Polytomella spec. (Chlorophyceae).
Supplementary Material from Alterations in the Global Proteome and Phosphoproteome in Third Generation EGFR TKI Resistance Reveal Drug Targets to Circumvent Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Speedtest-Like Measurements In 3G/4G Networks: The Monroe Experience (2017)

Mobile Broadband (MBB) Networks are evolving at a fast pace, with technology enhancements that promise drastic improvements in capacity, connectivity, coverage, i.e., better performance in general.<br> But how to measure the actual performance of a MBB solution?<br> In this paper, we present our experience in running the simplest of the performance test: ``speedtest-like'' measurements to estimate the download speed offered by actual 3G/4G networks.<br> Despite their simplicity, download speed measurements in MBB networks are much more complex than in wired networks, because of additional factors (e.g., mobility of users, physical impairments, diversity in technology, operator settings, mobile terminals diversity, etc.).<br> <br> We exploit the MONROE open platform, with hundreds of multihomed nodes scattered in 4 different countries, and explicitly designed with the goal of providing hardware and software solutions to run large scale experiments in MBB networks.<br> We analyze datasets collected in 4 countries, over 11 operators, from about 50 nodes, for more than 2 months.<br> After designing the experiment and instrumenting both the clients and the servers with active and passive monitoring tools, we dig into collected data, and provide insight to highlight the complexity of running even a simple speedtest.<br> Results show interesting facts, like the occasional presence of NAT, and of Performance Enhancing Proxies (PEP), and pinpoint the impact of different network configurations that further complicate the picture.<br> Our results will hopefully contribute to the debate about performance assessment in MBB networks, and to the definition of much needed benchmarks for performance comparisons of 3G, 4G and soon of 5G networks.