gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of postmortem aging on marination performance of broiler breast pectoralis major categorized by color lightness (2014)

The objective was to evaluate the effect of postmortem aging on marination performance of early-deboned chicken breast fillets (pectoralis major) with different color lightness. Effects of marination on muscle shear force were also determined. Early-deboned (2 h postmortem) broiler butterfly fillets were visually selected based on their color lightness (pale, normal, and dark) from a commercial plant. The individual butterfly fillets were separated into left and right fillets. One of them was used for 6-h marination treatment and the other for 24-h marination treatment. Samples were marinated in a vacuum tumbler (-0.6 atm, 16 rpm, 20 min) with 20% wt/wt marinade yielding 0.75% NaCl and 0.45% phosphate in the final product. The effect of aging on salt-induced water gain by breast muscle was also measured using the swelling/centrifuging method. Marinade uptake, marinade retention, raw product yield, and cooked product yield were determined after tumbling, following storage for 24 and 48 h after marination and after cooking. Salt-induced water gain was greater (P < 0.05) in nonmarinated fillets at 24 h postmortem compared with 6 h postmortem. Compared with unmarinated fillets, marination enhanced finished product yield significantly (P < 0.05) regardless of postmortem aging and color lightness. Marinade retention and product yield were different (P < 0.05) in fillets categorized by L* (lightness) values. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between 2 postmortem aging times for marinade uptake, overall product yield, cooking loss, final cooked product yield, or meat shear force regardless of initial fillet L* values. However, marinade retention of 6-h samples was significantly better than 24-h samples (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that with a targeted 15% marinade uptake, postmortem aging of 2-h deboned fillets before marination does not affect marinade uptake and product yield, but significantly affects marinade retention by boneless skinless chicken breast.
Uveitis and Multiple Sclerosis: Potential Common Causal Mutations (2019)

Uveitis, defined as inflammation of the uveal tract of the eye, is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment throughout the world. The etiology of uveitis is complex, and autoimmunity plays a major role in its pathogenesis. Intermediate uveitis (IU), a subtype of ocular inflammation, has been associated with systemic autoimmune disorders, specifically with multiple sclerosis (MS). This article reports a rare three-generation family with several members affected by IU (four siblings) and comorbid MS (two siblings fulfilling MS diagnostic criteria and a third sibling presenting some neurological symptoms). Based on the clinical findings, we captured and sequenced whole exomes of seven pedigree members (affected and unaffected). Using a recessive model of transmission with full penetrance, we applied genetic linkage analysis to define minimal critical regions (MCRs) in suggestive or nominal regions of linkage. In these MCRs, we defined functional (some pathogenic), novel, and rare mutations that segregated as homozygous in affected and heterozygous in unaffected family members. The genes harboring these mutations, including DGKI, TNFRSF10A, GNGT1, CPAMD8, and BAFF, which are expressed in both eye and brain tissues and/or are related to autoimmune diseases, provide new avenues to evaluate the inherited causes of these devastating autoimmune conditions.
It Is Important Research, but Why Is It Necessary? (2013)

The findings regarding cardiovascular actions of dietary supplements labeled as "ephedra free" reported by Foster et al. in the March issue reaffirm decades of research that began in the 1920s with K.K. Chen's study of naturally occurring adrenergic chemicals. Although the study by Foster et al. provides scientifically sound data needed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as it evaluates the safety of these products, we should ask, "Why was it necessary that these chemicals be studied again for their cardiovascular actions in humans?"
Composite right/left-handed transmission line metamaterials (2004)

Metamaterials are artificial structures that can be designed to exhibit specific electromagnetic properties not commonly found in nature. Recently, metamaterials with simultaneously negative permittivity (/spl epsiv/) and permeability (μ), more commonly referred to as left-handed (LH) materials, have received substantial attention in the scientific and engineering communities. The unique properties of LHMs have allowed novel applications, concepts, and devices to be developed. In this article, the fundamental electromagnetic properties of LHMs and the physical realization of these materials are reviewed based on a general transmission line (TL) approach. The general TL approach provides insight into the physical phenomena of LHMs and provides an efficient design tool for LH applications. LHMs are considered to be a more general model of composite right/left hand (CRLH) structures, which also include right-handed (RH) effects that occur naturally in practical LHMs. Characterization, design, and implementation of one-dimensional and two-dimensional CRLH TLs are examined. In addition, microwave devices based on CRLH TLs and their applications are presented.
Transcriptional Control of Regulatory T-Cell Differentiation (2013)

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance and for limiting excessive inflammatory responses under various conditions. The lineage-specific transcription factor Foxp3 has a critical role in Treg-cell biology. Foxp3 forms large protein complexes and cooperates with environmentally induced transcription factors to shape the Treg-cell transcriptional program. Here, we discuss mechanisms of gene regulation that underlie Treg-cell differentiation and function with an emphasis on studies from our laboratory.
Study on mechanism of a mobile robot used unstructured environment (2005)

Based on the idea of snake-like robot, a novel mobile mechanism used in unstructured environment is proposed, which aims to solve the problems that a mobile robot must faced in unstructured environment such as viability, stability, flexibility and capability of climbing obstacles etc. By analyzing the kinematic mechanism of robot and several types of its special motions, the kinematic model is achieved. A specified method for the global torque distribution by torque control on single joint is introduced. Further more statics analysis shows that the newstyle mechanism along with its specified torque-control method is realizable and superior to snake-like mechanism. Computer simulation confirms the validity
Early Warning Role of Data from Automatic Stations in Forecast of Dense Fog (2014)

Based on observation data from automatic stations in Lianyungang,visibility and weather situation of dense fog leading to a traffic accident in Lianyungang on April 15,2012 were analyzed firstly,and then changes of meteorological factors related to fog appearance and disappearance,such as wind speed,temperature and relative humidity,were discussed. The results showed that wind speed was below 2 m/s when fog occurred,and wind velocity reduced obviously before visibility deceased,appearing a trough. Fog appeared when temperature was nearly the minimum,and there was no great change in wind speed,but visibility went up gradually after temperature rose. The longer the duration of the minimum temperature,the longer the duration of the minimum visibility. Moreover,visibility would become low after temperature rose.
Oil-Water Interface: Mapping Nanoscale Solvation and Fluidity (2004)

Buried liquid-liquid interfaces, like the oil-water interface, can be probed in great detail, by recreating them synthetically via cryogenic molecular beam epitaxy. The structures placed within them persist long enough, once one warms the system to restore true fluidity, to probe many properties. Further, by gently (>1 eV) imbedding tracer ions (like hydronium or cesium) with angstrom precision at, below, and/or above the interface, it becomes possible to study kinetic processes with high precision. We use it to measure the solvation chemical potential of an ion in the oil versus position near the water interface. We also measure the interface-induced fluidity changes
Electrically driven source of time-energy entangled photons based on a self-pumped silicon microring resonator (2020)

Time-energy entangled photon pairs are fundamental resources for quantum communication protocols since they are robust against environmental fluctuations in optical fiber networks. Pair sources based on spontaneous four-wave mixing in silicon microring resonators usually employ expensive external tunable lasers to compensate for ambient fluctuations; adopting self-pumped configurations, instead, lifts the need for such external source. Here we demonstrate the emission of time-energy entangled photon pairs at telecom wavelengths from a silicon self-pumped ring, obtaining a Franson interference fringe with 93.9<i>%</i>±0.9<i>%</i> visibility.
Umbilical cord interleukin-6 predicts outcome in very low birthweight infants in a high HIV-burden setting: a prospective cohort study (2020)

There is no significant difference in IL-6 and TNF-α levels in cord blood of HE compared with HU VLBWs. However, IL-6 levels are significantly higher in VLBWs with adverse predischarge outcomes, and VLBW HEs are at increased risk of adverse predischarge outcomes compared with HUs, particularly late-onset sepsis.
Physiological mechanisms underlying heat-induced radiosensitization (2004)

The objective of this review is to evaluate hyperthermia related changes in tumor physiologic parameters and their relevance for tumor radiosensitization with particular emphases on tumor oxygenation. Elevation of temperature above the physiological level causes changes in blood flow, vascular permeability, metabolism, and tumor oxygenation. These changes in addition to the cellular effects such as direct cytotoxicity, inhibition of potentially lethal damage and sublethal damage repair, have an important influence on the efficacy of radiotherapy. There is now clear evidence that in a variety of rodent and canine, as well as human tumors, the changes in tumor oxygenation status caused by hyperthermia are temperature dependent and this relationship may greatly influence the response of tumors to thermoradiotherapy. The improvement of tumor oxygenation after mild hyperthermia, which often lasts for as long as 24-48 h after heating, may increase the likelihood of a positive response of tumors to radiation therapy. Furthermore, the activity of some chemotherapy drugs is also oxygen dependent, therefore, the heat-induced increase in tumor oxygenation may significantly increase the effectiveness of thermoradiotherapy in combination with certain chemotherapy drugs. Further investigations remain to be conducted to obtain clearer insights into the relationship between thermal parameters, oxygenation and response of human tumors to hyperthermia in combination with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.
Percutaneous. Recanalization of Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Coronary Arteries: Looking Back and Moving Forward (2013)

Percutaneous. Recanalization of Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Coronary Arteries: Looking Back and Moving Forward
Strain effects in GaN thin film growth (2002)

Strain effects in GaN thin film crystals are analyzed by Photoluminescence (PL), X-ray and Raman scattering. All three methods can be consistently used to monitor strain that depends on the choice of substrate and other parameters. The high amount of stress incorporated in GaN hetero-expitaxial samples causes confusion as to assignment of the PL lines of donor bound excitons and donor-acceptor transitions. Homo-epitaxially grown GaN films provide a reference for unstrained films. The PL line positions of the donor acceptor pair transitions are found to exhibit a different stress coefficient than the excitonic line.
Vertical Jump Height Estimation Algorithm Based on Takeoff and Landing Identification Via Foot-Worn Inertial Sensing (2017)

Vertical jump height is widely used for assessing motor development, functional ability, and motor capacity. Traditional methods for estimating vertical jump height rely on force plates or optical marker-based motion capture systems limiting assessment to people with access to specialized laboratories. Current wearable designs need to be attached to the skin or strapped to an appendage which can potentially be uncomfortable and inconvenient to use. This paper presents a novel algorithm for estimating vertical jump height based on foot-worn inertial sensors. Twenty healthy subjects performed countermovement jumping trials and maximum jump height was determined via inertial sensors located above the toe and under the heel and was compared with the gold standard maximum jump height estimation via optical marker-based motion capture. Average vertical jump height estimation errors from inertial sensing at the toe and heel were -2.2±2.1 cm and -0.4±3.8 cm, respectively. Vertical jump height estimation with the presented algorithm via inertial sensing showed excellent reliability at the toe (ICC(2,1)=0.98) and heel (ICC(2,1)=0.97). There was no significant bias in the inertial sensing at the toe, but proportional bias (b=1.22) and fixed bias (a=-10.23cm) were detected in inertial sensing at the heel. These results indicate that the presented algorithm could be applied to foot-worn inertial sensors to estimate maximum jump height enabling assessment outside of traditional laboratory settings, and to avoid bias errors, the toe may be a more suitable location for inertial sensor placement than the heel.
Remodeling of dermal collagen in photoaged skin using low‐dose 5‐aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy occurs via the transforming growth factor‐β pathway (2018)

5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is known to be effective in the treatment of photoaged skin. However, the molecular mechanisms still remain elusive. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence is primarily located in the epidermis while ALA-PDT affects the dermal collagen, presumably by an indirect mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the molecular communication in low-dose ALA-PDT occurring between epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to evaluate collagen expression and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. The impact on fibroblast proliferation was assessed by morphology and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunofluorescence. Skin biopsies from mice were used to analyze the histological changes in dermal collagen and PpIX distribution. When fibroblasts were cocultured with keratinocytes treated with low-dose ALA-PDT, collagen synthesis and fibroblast proliferation were enhanced. Low-dose ALA-PDT stimulated TGF-β1 expression in keratinocytes. Fibroblasts cocultured with low-dose ALA-PDT-treated keratinocytes also showed activation of the TGF-β pathway. In vivo, PpIX fluorescence was densely distributed in photoaged mouse epidermis while collagen in the mouse dermis underwent remodeling. This study suggests that low-dose ALA-PDT can stimulate keratinocytes to release TGF-β1, activating the TGF-β pathway in dermal fibroblasts to remodel collagen in the dermis.
URLLC With Massive MIMO: Analysis and Design at Finite Blocklength (2021)

The fast adoption of Massive MIMO for high-throughput communications was enabled by many research contributions mostly relying on infinite-blocklength information-theoretic bounds. This makes it hard to assess the suitability of Massive MIMO for ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) operating with short-blocklength codes. This paper provides a rigorous framework for the characterization and numerical evaluation (using the saddlepoint approximation) of the error probability achievable in the uplink and downlink of Massive MIMO at finite blocklength. The framework encompasses imperfect channel state information, pilot contamination, spatially correlated channels, and arbitrary linear spatial processing. In line with previous results based on infinite-blocklength bounds, we prove that, with minimum mean-square error (MMSE) processing and spatially correlated channels, the error probability at finite blocklength goes to zero as the number <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of antennas grows to infinity, even under pilot contamination. However, numerical results for a practical URLLC network setup involving a base station with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M=100$ </tex-math></inline-formula> antennas, show that a target error probability of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−5</sup> can be achieved with MMSE processing, uniformly over each cell, only if orthogonal pilot sequences are assigned to all the users in the network. Maximum ratio processing does not suffice.
Electron Transfer Function of Metalloporphyrins and Their Fixation in Polymer Gel Beads for Constructing Hydrogen Evolution System. (1996)

Two series of metalloporphyrins, meso-tetra(p-sulfonatephenyl) porphine and meso-tetra (p-carboxyphenyl) porphine were prepared as their manganese-, tin-, and zinc-complexes for purpose of their fixation in polymer beads. The functions of these metalloporphyrins as an electron carrier instead of viologen derivatives and/or a photosensitizer for constructing the photoinduced hydrogen evolution system were investigated both in free and in polymer-fixed systems. Manganese- and tin-porphyrins could be photoreduced by zinc-porphyrins in the presence of electron donor, and hydrogen was generated efficiently in the system applying tin-porphyrin as an electron carrier in aqueous solutions. Among the beads-fixed heterogeneous systems, only metalloporphyrins/chitosan gel beads could act in the photoinduced hydrogen evolution system.
Performance Evaluation of a GPU-based Monte Carlo Simulation Package for Water Radiolysis with sub-MeV Electrons (2020)

The simulation of water radiolysis including three stages, physical, physico-chemical and chemical, modeling the interactions between water and radicals is essential to understand the radiobiological mechanisms and quantitatively test some hypotheses in related problem. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is recognized as one of the most accurate approaches for the computations of the water radiolysis process. Geant4-DNA which extending the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit provides accurate descriptions of the initial physical process of ionization, along with the pre-chemical production of ion species and subsequent chemistry, in a single application for water radiolysis. To accelerate the long execution time of Geant4-DNA simulation, an open source GPU code for water radiolysis simulation, gMicroMC, has been developed. In this paper, we focus on reviewing the GPU implementation architecture of each stage of gMicroMC and evaluating the computational performance in the sub-MeV range of incident electrons. The experimental results of gMicroMC show up to three orders of magnitude performance gain, up to 1690x, with recent generations of NVIDIA graphic cards compared with Geant4-DNA running on a single CPU thread.
Multimodal imaging of snap-frozen AD human brain tissue (2021)

Label-free imaging of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain tissue could contribute to a better understanding of its pathology. Here, we present a comprehensive study of sequentially applied spectroscopic and imaging modalities on snap-frozen AD tissue.
Demonstration of 0.67-mJ and 10-ns high-energy pulses at 2.72  µm from large core Er:ZBLAN fiber amplifiers (2020)

We explored generation of high-energy nanosecond short pulses in the mid-IR wavelength range using 30-70-µm-core Er:ZBLAN fiber amplifiers. The highest energies achieved were ∼0.7<i>m</i><i>J</i> at 2.72 µm in 11.5-ns-long pulses, with the corresponding peak power of 60.3 kW, obtained with a 70-µm-diameter core fiber amplifier pumped at 976 nm and seeded by a <i>K</i><i>T</i><i>i</i><i>O</i><i>A</i><i>s</i><i>O</i><sub>4</sub>-based optical parametric oscillator/optical parametric amplifier system. To the best of our knowledge, these pulse energies are the highest achieved to date from mid-IR fiber lasers at longer than 2-µm wavelengths with nanosecond pulses. The achieved highest pulse energies were limited by the surface damage of unprotected fiber output facets.
Inhibitors of sterol synthesis. Synthesis of [2,4‐3H]5α‐cholest‐8(14)‐ene‐3β,7α,15α‐triol and [2,4‐3H]5α‐cholest‐8(14)‐en‐38‐ol‐15‐one (1981)

Abstract Oxidation of 5α‐cholest‐8(14)‐ene‐3β,7α,15α‐triol with silver carbonate‐celite gave 5α‐cholest‐8(14)‐ene‐7α,15α‐diol‐3‐one in 88% yield. Treatment of the latter compound with tritiated water under basic conditions gave a labeled product which was reduced with lithium tri‐ tert ‐butoxyaluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran to give [2,4–H]5α‐cholest‐8(14)‐ene‐3β,7α,15α‐triol which was obtained in high purity after medium pressure liquid chromatography in the form of its triacetate derivative. Treatment of the labeled triol with concentrated hydrochloric acid in 95% ethanol gave the desired [2,4‐ 3 H]5α‐cholest‐8(14)‐en‐3β‐ol‐15‐one.
Mechanical properties of graphene under shear deformation (2011)

In this letter, we investigate the mechanical properties of graphene under shear deformation. Specifically, using molecular dynamics simulations, we compute the shear modulus, shear fracture strength, and shear fracture strain of zigzag and armchair graphene structures at various temperatures. To predict shear strength and fracture shear strain, we also present an analytical theory based on the kinetic analysis. We show that wrinkling behavior of graphene under shear deformation can be significant. We compute the amplitude to wavelength ratio of wrinkles using molecular dynamics and compare it with existing theory. Our results indicate that graphene can be a promising mechanical material under shear deformation.
A Pilot Evaluation of Trap Monitors by the USDA Wildlife Services Operational Program (2008)

Public interest in capture devices and potential injuries to animals has resulted in changing of trapping regulations in a variety of states and countries. Within the U.S., some states have revised trapping regulations to require more frequent trap-check intervals. Such regulatory changes may impact the USDA Wildlife Services (WS) Operational Program by reducing the ability of WS specialists to efficiently provide services over wide areas. Remote trap monitors, however, may provide a technology that can assist WS in meeting new trap check requirements. The National Wildlife Research Center’s (NWRC) Logan, Utah Field Station recently assisted with the distribution, operation, and evaluation of radio-telemetry trap monitors by the WS Operational Program. Transmitters, receivers, antennas, and on-site training were provided to personnel in 7 states in 2005 and 16 states in 2006. Feedback from the states receiving trap monitors indicated that trap monitors, when used in appropriate situations, could save WS specialists time and resources, but the monitors were most useful in areas where traps or other capture devices are difficult to access and radio signals can be heard from the greatest distance. Improved designs (using cell phone and satellite technology) could be helpful in other situations in the future.
Long Fiber Reinforced Damage‐Tolerant Oxide/Oxide CMCs with Polysiloxanes (2001)

In this paper a new approach to manufacture oxide/oxide CMC via RTM of commercial polysiloxanes and pyrolysis is described. As well as the mechanical, some physical and chemical properties of the oxide/oxide CMC are reported.