gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence innovation in healthcare: Relevance of reporting guidelines for clinical translation from bench to bedside (2023)

Artificial intelligence (AI) and digital innovation are transforming healthcare. Technologies such as machine learning in image analysis, natural language processing in medical chatbots and electronic medical record extraction have the potential to improve screening, diagnostics and prognostication, leading to precision medicine and preventive health. However, it is crucial to ensure that AI research is conducted with scientific rigour to facilitate clinical implementation. Therefore, reporting guidelines have been developed to standardise and streamline the development and validation of AI technologies in health. This commentary proposes a structured approach to utilise these reporting guidelines for the translation of promising AI techniques from research and development into clinical translation, and eventual widespread implementation from bench to bedside.
Relaxin protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat lungs: role of ERK-1/2 and PI3 kinase (2013)

Early allograft dysfunction following lung transplantation is mainly caused by ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. We have shown that human relaxin-2 (Rlx) exerts a protective effect in lung IR, attributable to decreases in ET-1 production, leukocyte recruitment, and free radical generation. Here, we summarize our investigations into the signal transduction of this effect. Isolated rat lungs were perfused with vehicle or 5 nM Rlx (n = 6-10 each). Thereafter, experiments were conducted in the presence of Rlx plus vehicle, the protein kinase A inhibitors H-89 and KT-5720, the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME, the iNOS inhibitor 1400W, the nNOS inhibitor SMTC, the ERK-1/2 inhibitor PD-98059, the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, the ETB antagonist A-192621, or the GR antagonist RU-486. After 90 min ischemia and 90 min reperfusion we determined wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratio, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), vascular release of ET-1, neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and malondialdehyd (MDA). Primary rat pulmonary vascular cells were treated in a similar protocol.
Electronic Structure of Self-Assembled Monolayers Modified with Ferrocene on a Gold Surface: Evidence of Electron Tunneling (2014)

The electron transfer mechanism for the prototypical system ferrocenoyl-glycylcystamine (Fc-Gly-CSA) on Au(111) is investigated within the framework of density functional theory. Different Fc-Gly-CSA/Au systems, including the explicit methanol solvent and sodium perchlorate counterion, are studied. As seen from the partial density of states, electronic contributions close to the Fermi energy are found to derive only from the ferrocene units and gold atoms, while the contributions from electronic states located on the molecular spacers (Gly-CSA) are detected at lower energies, with or without the effects of the environment. These results strongly indicate a direct ferrocene-to-gold tunneling as the electron transfer mechanism across the interface.
Total Implantation of the Active Hearing Implant Tica for Middle Ear Disease: A Temporal Bone Study (2001)

A subpopulation of hearing-impaired patients has conductive hearing loss that cannot be improved by classic tympanoplasty. Other patients have a mixed hearing loss and cannot be helped by present forms of ear surgery or by hearing aids. Possible help for some patients may come from current implantable hearing devices if these are modified for the patient's specific anatomic situation. The TICA LZ 3001 is a hearing implant for total implantation used to treat moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss. Most patients who use it have a normal ossicular chain that allows coupling of the implant to the incus. The present temporal bone study demonstrates that the TICA can also be used in patients with an interrupted ossicular chain. If the incus long process shows a defect, the TICA may be coupled to the incus body, and connection between the stapes and the long process of the incus can be achieved with a commercially available titanium-angle prosthesis or liquid ionomeric cement. In cases of an absent incus, the coupling axis of the transducer may be coupled to the stapes head via a modified coupling element. With an absent stapes, the coupling axis may be coupled directly to the perilymph by a coupling element similar to a gold stapes prosthesis.
La lectura, esa amiga que no pide nada (2005)

A study is made of 12 cases with median supratentorial expansive processes. Six of them were in the 3rd ventricle; two in septum pellucidum and corpus callosum; and four in the pineal and mesencephalum. They are not very frequent processes. From the clinical point of view, they present a picture of endocraneal hypertension with rapid evolution. There are also other signs of important diagnostic value, which varied according to the location. We emphasize the value of the encephalography and the angiography for diagnosis. The E.E.G. studies gave only prognostic data. The clinical course was different in every case. It was better when the tumor was extirpated with or without ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. The most severe evolution as observed in the cases who had the tumor in the posterior part of the 3rd ventricle.
Analysis of the interaction between a human high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen and the monoclonal antibodies to three distinct antigenic determinants. (1985)

The restricted tissue distribution and the limited heterogeneity that appear in melanoma lesions of the high M.W. melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) suggest that this antigen may be an appropriate marker for radioimaging, and a useful target for immunotherapy in patients with melanoma. Therefore, in this study we analyzed other characteristics that are important in the selection of reagents for radioimaging and immunotherapy purposes. The affinities of the monoclonal antibodies (MoAB) 149.53, 225.28S, and 763.74T to distinct determinants of the HMW-MAA were found to be at least 1 X 10(8) mol/L. Furthermore, the effects of the concentrations of unlabeled MoAb on the dissociation rates suggest that the binding of MoAb 149.53 and 225.28S to melanoma cells (Colo 38) is preferentially bivalent, whereas that of MoAb 763.74T is preferentially univalent. These results suggest that the latter MoAb is the reagent of choice for assays that make use of soluble HMW-MAA, whereas the former two are the reagents of choice for assays with membrane-bound HMW-MAA, such as imaging with radiolabeled MoAb. The density of the HMW-MAA on cultured Colo 38 melanoma cells appears to be in the range of approximately 5 X 10(6) molecules/cell. The HMW-MAA was not susceptible to MoAb-mediated modulation under a variety of experimental conditions that included various concentrations of modulating MoAb, different incubation times, the use of an anti-mouse Ig antiserum, and the relaxation of equilibrium by diluting cells in MoAb-free medium. These results indicate that the HMW-MAA and the available corresponding MoAb meet the criteria to be reagents for radioimaging and immunotherapy in patients with melanoma.
Ab initio calculation of stable structures of a Na atomic chain under bias voltages (2003)

The stable geometries of a three-atom Na chain connected to two semi-infinite jellium electrodes are studied under bias voltages by performing ab initio force calculations within the density functional theory. At a low bias voltage of 0.01 V, the stable geometry is found to be symmetric, while it becomes asymmetric for higher bias voltages. The displacements of Na atoms in the chain are proportional to the applied bias voltages up to 1 V, while their behavior changes drastically above 1 V. These results can be understood from the behavior of charges induced by the applied voltage. It is also found that the structural relaxation due to the bias voltage also affects the potential drop along the chain and the current—voltage characteristics of the chain.
High‐Pressure Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Structurally New Orthorhombic Rare‐Earth Meta‐Oxoborates γ‐RE(BO2)3 (RE = La ‐ Nd) (2004)

Abstract The new meta ‐oxoborates γ‐ RE (BO 2 ) 3 ( RE = La ‐ Nd) (≡ RE B 3 O 6 ) were obtained as colourless (La, Ce), light green (Pr) and pale violet (Nd) crystalline powders by the reaction of CeO 2 , Pr 6 O 11 , or RE 2 O 3 ( RE = La, Nd) and B 2 O 3 in a Walker‐type multianvil apparatus under high‐pressure/high‐temperature conditions of 7.5 GPa and 1000 °C. The single crystal X‐ray structure determination of γ‐Ce(BO 2 ) 3 revealed: Pca 2 1 , a = 1845.7(2), b = 446.8(2), c = 429.5(2) pm, Z = 4, R 1 = 0.0265, wR 2 = 0.0451 (all data). For the isotypic compounds γ‐ RE (BO 2 ) 3 ( RE = La, Pr, Nd) the corresponding lattice parameters were obtained from powder data. Structurally, the compounds represent a new type of rare‐earth meta ‐oxoborate RE (BO 2 ) 3 in addition to the well characterized monoclinic ( RE = La ‐ Nd, Sm ‐ Lu; C 2/ c ) and orthorhombic ( RE = Tb ‐ Lu; Pnma ) phases. Considering the increasing number of polymorphs, we introduced greek letter prefixes to the rare‐earth meta ‐oxoborates, labeling the former known monoclinic phases as α‐ RE (BO 2 ) 3 (space group: C 2/ c ), the orthorhombic phases as β‐ RE (BO 2 ) 3 (space group: Pnma ), and the here presented orthorhombic phases as γ‐ RE (BO 2 ) 3 . Furthermore, we report about temperature‐resolved in‐situ powder‐diffraction measurements, and IR‐spectroscopic investigations into γ‐Ce(BO 2 ) 3 .
Dielectric loss in thin films of an aromatic polyimide (1993)

The dielectric response of thin aromatic polyimide films with thicknesses ranging from 40 nm to 3 μm has been measured in the frequency range of 104–108 Hz. The dielectric loss shows a frequency-independent behavior regardless of film thickness, which is attributed to the dipolar response of the dielectric lattice. Film morphology is found to affect the magnitude of the dielectric loss but not its frequency dependence.
A molecular analysis of a broad-host-range plasmid isolated from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (1993)

A 12.4-kb plasmid, pTF-FC2, that was isolated from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and which is capable of replication in a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria, has been sequenced. The extent of the regions involved in both replication and mobilization have been delineated. The site of initiation of replication (oriV) has been localized on a 185-bp fragment and the origin of transfer (oriT) on a 138-bp fragment. Three proteins that were essential for replication and four that were essential for mobilization have been identified. The origin of replication was clearly similar to that of the IncQ plasmids although no complementation or incompatibility between pTF-FC2 and the IncQ plasmid, R300B, was detected. There was a clear similarity in the size, location and amino acid sequence of the proteins of the pTF-FC2 mobilization region with those of the TraI region of the IncP plasmids, RP4 and R751. Two inverted repeated sequences which had 37/38-bp and 38/38-bp sequence identity with the Tn21 transposon were identified. The C-terminal part of a transposase and the N-terminal portion of a resolvase were located between the inverted repeats. These open reading frames are most likely the remnants of a defective transposon. A protein with homology to a mercury-resistance regulator was also present within the transposon-like element although no gene encoding for mercury reductase could be indentified.
Computer aided design system for VLSI interconnections (2003)

A simulation environment for prediction of electrical characteristics of integrated circuit packaging structures is described. The simulation shell, Packaging Design Support Environment (PDSE), integrates tools for modeling and simulation of electrical characteristics in VLSI packages. It also provides facilities for supporting design of VLSI packages. Two simulation tools model inductance and capacitance for multiconductor, multidielectric, two-dimensional structures with lossy dielectrics. Another accepts the L and C matrices and computes pulse response characteristics of uniform multiple, coupled, lossless transmission lines which are terminated at discrete points with R, L, and C elements. The design process in PDSE proceeds in three major phases: modeling, simulation, and evaluation. These processes are interactive and allow the designer to refine a design model, modify simulation experiments, and apply various evaluation processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Evolutionary MCMC sampling and optimization in discrete spaces (2003)

The links between genetic algorithms and population-based Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are explored. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are well-known for their capability to optimize functions of discretevalued variables, but the MCMC interpretation allows GA variants to be used for sampling discrete spaces (e.g. in Bayesian inference for machine learning). The GA crossover and mutation operators are modified to provide valid MCMC samples, and a new &amp;quot;exclusive-or&amp;quot; operator is introduced as an alternative way to recombine population members. This is shown to improve sampling performance in a medical diagnostic problem domain. The sampler can also be used within simulated annealing to provide a global optimizer that is similar to a GA in structure but has known convergence properties.
Lift and Drag forces on a particle near a wall at low Reynolds numbers (2018)

Shear induced lift and drag forces on a small, neutrally buoyant, rigid spherical particle, moving close to a wall (l/a = 1.2) are examined. These wall induced forces are computed numerically in a linear flow for low particle and shear Reynolds numbers (Rep ≤ 1 & Reγ ≤ 1). Mesh resolution and domain size dependencies for low Reynolds numbers are examined. Decomposed slip and shear hydrodynamic forces are analysed separately for a fixed and moving particle. Numerical results are compared with theoretically predicted forces for Reγ, Rep « 1. The deviations of lift forces from theoretical values demonstrate a strong shear rate dependence near the wall for finite Reγ values. Results presented will aid in developing a comprehensive wall-induced lift model valid for a range of finite Reynolds numbers to analyze the cross stream migration of particles in wall bounded flows.
Dissecting the Functions of Conserved Prolines within Transmembrane Helices of the D2 Dopamine Receptor (2011)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) contain a number of conserved proline residues in their transmembrane helices, and it is generally assumed these play important functional and/or structural roles. Here we use unnatural amino acid mutagenesis, employing α-hydroxy acids and proline analogues, to examine the functional roles of five proline residues in the transmembrane helices of the D2 dopamine receptor. The well-known tendency of proline to disrupt helical structure is important at all sites, while we find no evidence for a functional role for backbone amide cis-trans isomerization, another feature associated with proline. At most proline sites, the loss of the backbone NH is sufficient to explain the role of the proline. However, at one site, P210(5.50), a substituent on the backbone N appears to be essential for proper function. Interestingly, the pattern in functional consequences that we see is mirrored in the pattern of structural distortions seen in recent GPCR crystal structures.
Towards Score Following In Sheet Music Images. (2016)

This paper addresses the matching of short music audio snippets to the corresponding pixel location in images of sheet music. A system is presented that simultaneously learns to read notes, listens to music and matches the currently played music to its corresponding notes in the sheet. It consists of an end-to-end multi-modal convolutional neural network that takes as input images of sheet music and spectrograms of the respective audio snippets. It learns to predict, for a given unseen audio snippet (covering approximately one bar of music), the corresponding position in the respective score line. Our results suggest that with the use of (deep) neural networks -- which have proven to be powerful image processing models -- working with sheet music becomes feasible and a promising future research direction.
[Progress in medical treatment for glaucoma]. (1993)

Recently, an epidemiological study was conducted in Japan by Shiose, et al, and the prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in Japanese aged 40 years or older was found to be 2.62% [primary open-angle glaucoma 0.58%, low-tension glaucoma (LTG) 2.04%]. Historically, treatment for glaucoma has been based on lowering intraocular pressure. It is also necessary to improve intraocular blood flow. In the beginning of the study, the effect of anti-glaucoma agents on choroidal blood flow was examined in rabbit eyes. An increase of choroidal blood flow was found following topical application of the prostaglandin-related compound isopropyl unoprostone (UF-021) and the adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist bunazosin hydrochloride (DE-070). Then, a new vasoconstrictor, endothelin, showed strong effects on intraocular pressure, intraocular circulation, and visual function in rabbit eyes. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) was found to be a marked vasoconstrictor with prolonged reduction of intraocular pressure and the blood flow in the choroid and optic nerve head. The effects were suppressed by Ca2+ channel blocker and adrenergic alpha-1 blocker. Plasma concentration of ET-1 was determined by radioimmunoassay in patients with glaucoma. A significantly high level of ET-1 concentration was seen in patients with LTG. Endothelin appears to be an important tool for studying the pathogenesis of LTG. Finally, a prospective clinical trial of the therapeutic effects of bunazosin hydrochloride was performed in patients with LTG for one year. Clinical usefulness was evaluated by changes in the mean deviation value of Humphrey perimetry. Satisfactory results were obtained in maintaining the visual field and in reducing intraocular pressure. In the light of our investigations, it is advisable to introduce an adrenergic alpha-1 blocker or prostaglandin-related compound for reduction of glaucomatous damages. We look forward to the development of the neuro-protective future glaucoma therapy.
Decision Sourcing: Decision Making for the Agile Social Enterprise (2013)

Contents: Preface Foreword Decisions: the unit of success BYO Action to transaction to interaction The changing nature of data Social analytics Networked decision making Informed decisions Decisions as interactions Social listening Engaged decisions Decision sourced Afterword Appendices References Index.
An IgG‐based bispecific antibody for improved dual targeting in PSMA‐positive cancer (2020)

The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been demonstrated in numerous studies to be expressed specifically on prostate carcinoma cells and on the neovasculature of several other cancer entities. However, the simultaneous expression of PSMA on both, tumor cells as well as tumor vessels remains unclear, even if such "dual" expression would constitute an important asset to facilitate sufficient influx of effector cells to a given tumor site. We report here on the generation of a PSMA antibody, termed 10B3, which exerts superior dual reactivity on sections of prostate carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. 10B3 was used for the construction of T-cell recruiting bispecific PSMAxCD3 antibodies in Fab- and IgG-based formats, designated Fabsc and IgGsc, respectively. In vitro, both molecules exhibited comparable activity. In contrast, only the larger IgGsc molecule induced complete and durable elimination of established tumors in humanized mice due to favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Upon treatment of three patients with metastasized prostate carcinoma with the IgGsc reagent, marked activation of T cells and rapid reduction of elevated PSA levels were observed.
Recognition of aminoglycoside antibiotics by enterococcal-staphylococcal aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase type IIIa: role of substrate amino groups (1996)

The interactions of the aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase IIIa with aminoglycoside antibiotics lacking specific amino groups were examined by steady-state kinetic analyses. The results demonstrate that an amino group on C-1 and either an amino or a hydroxyl group at the 2' and 6' positions are important for detoxification of aminoglycosides by this enzyme.
A Promoter Recognition Mechanism Common to Yeast Mitochondrial and Phage T7 RNA Polymerases (2009)

Yeast mitochondrial (YMt) and phage T7 RNA polymerases (RNAPs) are two divergent representatives of a large family of single subunit RNAPs that are also found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of higher eukaryotes, mammalian nuclei, and many other bacteriophage. YMt and phage T7 promoters differ greatly in sequence and length, and the YMt RNAP uses an accessory factor for initiation, whereas T7 RNAP does not. We obtain evidence here that, despite these apparent differences, both the YMt and T7 RNAPs utilize a similar promoter recognition loop to bind their respective promoters. Mutations in this element in YMt RNAP specifically disrupt mitochondrial promoter utilization, and experiments with site-specifically tethered chemical nucleases indicate that this element binds the mitochondrial promoter almost identically to how the promoter recognition loop from the phage RNAP binds its promoter. Sequence comparisons reveal that the other members of the single subunit RNAP family display loops of variable sequence and size at a position corresponding to the YMt and T7 RNAP promoter recognition loops. We speculate that these elements may be involved in promoter recognition in most or all of these enzymes and that this element's structure allows it to accommodate significant sequence and length variation to provide a mechanism for rapid evolution of new promoter specificities in this RNAP family.
Analytical and perceptual study on the role of acoustic features in realizing emotional speech (2000)

Investigation was conducted on how prosodic features of emotional speech changed depending on emotion levels. The analysis results on fundamental frequency (F0) contours and speech rates implied that humans have several ways to express emotions and use them rather randomly. Investigation was also conducted on what acoustic features were important to express emotions. Perceptual experiments using synthetic speech with copied acoustic features of target speech indicated importance of the segmental features other than the prosodic features. Especially, a high importance was observed in the case of happiness.