gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porcine Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplantation in Nonhuman Primates: A Review of Progress (2004)

The critical shortage of human donor organs for transplantation would be overcome if a suitable animal, e.g., the pig, could be used as an organ source. There are, however, several immune barriers that have to date resulted in limited function of pig organs transplanted into nonhuman primates. It would be beneficial, and indeed may be essential, to induce a state of tolerance in the primate recipient to the pig organ. In allotransplantation, the successful transplantation of hematopoietic progenitor cells with the development of mixed chimerism is associated with the induction of tolerance toward a donor-specific organ. For some years, this approach has been explored in the pig-to-nonhuman primate model. This experience is briefly reviewed. The problems of natural and elicited anti-pig antibodies, recipient platelet adhesion to pig hematopietic progenitor cells, and the rapid removal of these cells by the host macrophage-phagocytic system are highlighted. Recent experience with the use of hematopoietic cells from pigs homozygous for alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout is reported.
Synthesis of 2‐Aminoethyl‐5‐carbethoxythiazoles Utilizing a Michael‐Like Addition Strategy. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Limonene dioxide as a building block for 100% bio-based thermosets (2021)

Synthesis of an unprecedented 100% biobased thermoset polymer based on limonene waste and glutaric anhydride with a high T g and reversible links.
Meeting of Experts on NASA's Unmanned Aircraft System (Uas) Integration in the National Airspace Systems (NAS) Project (2013)

Topics discussed include: Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate Integrated Systems Research Program (ISRP) and UAS Integration in the NAS Project; UAS Integration into the NAS Project; Separation Assurance and Collision Avoidance; Pilot Aircraft Interface Objectives/Rationale; Communication; Certification; and Integrated Tests and Evaluations.
Gypsy and the Birth of the SCAN Domain (2011)

SCAN is a protein domain frequently found at the N termini of proteins encoded by mammalian tandem zinc finger (ZF) genes, whose structure is known to be similar to that of retroviral gag capsid domains and whose multimerization has been proposed as a model for retroviral assembly. We report that the SCAN domain is derived from the C-terminal portion of the gag capsid (CA) protein from the Gmr1-like family of Gypsy/Ty3-like retrotransposons. On the basis of sequence alignments and phylogenetic distributions, we show that the ancestral host SCAN domain (ESCAN for extended SCAN) was exapted from a full-length CA gene from a Gmr1-like retrotransposon at or near the root of the tetrapod animal branch. A truncated variant of ESCAN that corresponds to the annotated SCAN domain arose shortly thereafter and appears to be the only form extant in mammals. The Anolis lizard has a large number of tandem ZF genes with N-terminal ESCAN or SCAN domains. We predict DNA binding sites for all Anolis ESCAN-ZF and SCAN-ZF proteins and demonstrate several highly significant matches to Anolis Gmr1-like sequences, suggesting that at least some of these proteins target retroelements. SCAN is known to mediate protein dimerization, and the CA protein multimerizes to form the core retroviral and retrotransposon capsid structure. We speculate that the SCAN domain originally functioned to target host ZF proteins to retroelement capsids.
Effect of Biochemical and Physiological Response to Salt Stress in Camelina Sativa (2017)

Camelina sativa is a promising low-input, high yielding biodiesel crop that can be suitable to grow on marginal lands and is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. The objective of the study was to compare the rate of growth in different varieties of C. sativa in response to salt stress. Three biological replicates were collected from three varieties of C. sativa grown in vitro in a controlled growth room. The Blaine Creek, Cheyenne and Suneson varieties of C. sativa were analyzed for their physiological and biochemical response to salt stress using the following criteria: germination rates, measurement of length, dry weights, fresh weights, and stomatal size. The biochemical measurements focused on proline, chlorophyll, and flow cytometry analysis. Blaine Creek’s growth during salt stress was overall the most affected, while Suneson and Cheyenne generated higher amounts of biomass, thus indicating that C. sativa can be grown on saline soils.
Results of limestone clear liquor scrubbing tests at EPRI`s Environmental Control Technology Center (ECTC) (1995)

In a continuing effort to offer lower cost SO{sub 2} control alternatives for its member utilities, EPRI has developed and tested a limestone clear liquor scrubbing using the 0.4-MW{sub e} mini-pilot FGD system at EPRI`s Environmental Control Technology Center. In the first-phase of testing, existing equipment was used to evaluate the feasibility of the process concept. Following the encouraging Phase I results, a pilot-scale sludge bed limestone reactor was designed and fabricated for a second-phase of testing. Tests have been conducted in both inhibited and forced oxidation modes. Variables investigated include: type of organic acid, buffer concentration, solid-phase residence time, pH, L/G, and chloride level. Results show that the clear liquor process can achieve SO{sub 2} removal and solids properties equivalent to or better than that of an enhanced slurry process without scale build-up. Preliminary economics indicate that the clear liquor gypsum process could reduce overall capital and operating expense by 5 to 10% relative to an organic acid-enhanced slurry process and by 15 to 20% relative to a conventional, unenhanced limestone process.
Modulation of angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor by tumor necrosis factor ? and interleukin-1 in rheumatoid arthritis (1998)

Inhibition of TNFalpha and IL-1 activity in vivo could reduce the drive to new blood vessel formation, and hence pannus mass, adding to other therapeutic effects of anti-TNFalpha therapy in RA.
Polarizabilities of Nonreciprocal Bianisotropic Particles (2014)

Scientists combine metals and ferrites to construct metamaterial particles that transform electric and magnetic fields in a controllable manner, producing nonreciprocal light scattering and other counterintuitive properties. These materials could be used in future exotic applications such as perfect electromagnetic isolators or thin-sheet phase shifters.
Microbleeds, Cerebral Hemorrhage, and Functional Outcome After Stroke Thrombolysis (2017)

Background and Purpose- We assessed whether the presence, number, and distribution of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) on pre-intravenous thrombolysis MRI scans of acute ischemic stroke patients are associated with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or poor functional outcome. Methods- We performed an individual patient data meta-analysis, including prospective and retrospective studies of acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator. Using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression, we investigated associations of pre-treatment CMB presence, burden (1, 2-4, ≥5, and >10), and presumed pathogenesis (cerebral amyloid angiopathy defined as strictly lobar CMBs and noncerebral amyloid angiopathy) with symptomatic ICH, parenchymal hematoma (within [parenchymal hemorrhage, PH] and remote from the ischemic area [remote parenchymal hemorrhage, PHr]), and poor 3- to 6-month functional outcome (modified Rankin score >2). Results- In 1973 patients from 8 centers, the crude prevalence of CMBs was 526 of 1973 (26.7%). A total of 77 of 1973 (3.9%) patients experienced symptomatic ICH, 210 of 1806 (11.6%) experienced PH, and 56 of 1720 (3.3%) experienced PHr. In adjusted analyses, patients with CMBs (compared with those without CMBs) had increased risk of PH (odds ratio: 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.09-2.07; P=0.013) and PHr (odds ratio: 3.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.73-5.35; P<0.001) but not symptomatic ICH. Both cerebral amyloid angiopathy and noncerebral amyloid angiopathy patterns of CMBs were associated with PH and PHr. Increasing CMB burden category was associated with the risk of symptomatic ICH ( P=0.014), PH ( P=0.013), and PHr ( P<0.00001). Five or more and >10 CMBs independently predicted poor 3- to 6-month outcome (odds ratio: 1.85; 95% confidence interval: 1.10-3.12; P=0.020; and odds ratio: 3.99; 95% confidence interval: 1.55-10.22; P=0.004, respectively). Conclusions- Increasing CMB burden is associated with increased risk of ICH (including PHr) and poor 3- to 6-month functional outcome after intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.
A Pilot‐Scale System for Carbon Molecular Sieve Hollow Fiber Membrane Manufacturing (2012)

Abstract Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes offer advantages over traditional polymeric membrane materials, but scale‐up of manufacturing systems has not received much attention. In the recent decade, there has been a dramatic increase in fundamental research on these materials with a variety of applications being studied. The results from a pilot‐scale CMS production system are presented. This system was designed based on extensive laboratory research, and hollow fiber membranes produced in this system show similar performance compared to membranes produced using a smaller bench‐scale system. After optimizing the system design, a 93 % recovery of the precursor fibers for use in membrane module preparation were obtained.
Ca2+ stabilizes the semiquinone radical of pyrroloquinoline quinone (2001)

Spectroelectrochemical studies were performed on the interaction between Ca2+ and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) in soluble glucose dehydrogenase (sGDH) and in the free state by applying a mediated continuous-flow column electrolytic spectroelectrochemical technique. The enzyme forms used were holo-sGDH (the holo-form of sGDH from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus) and an incompletely reconstituted form of this, holo-X, in which the PQQ-activating Ca2+ is lacking. The spectroelectrochemical and ESR data clearly demonstrated the generation of the semiquinone radical of PQQ in holo-sGDH and in the free state in the presence of Ca2+. In contrast, in the absence of Ca2+ no semiquinone was observed, either for PQQ in the free state (at pH7.0) or in the enzyme (holo-X). Incorporation of Ca2+ into the active site of holo-X, yielding holo-sGDH, caused not only stabilization of the semiquinone form of PQQ but also a negative shift (of 26.5mV) of the two-electron redox potential, indicating that the effect of Ca2+ is stronger on the oxidized than on the reduced PQQ. Combining these data with the observations on the kinetic and chemical mechanisms, it was concluded that the strong stimulating effect of Ca2+ on the activity of sGDH can be attributed to facilitation of certain kinetic steps, and not to improvement of the thermodynamics of substrate oxidation. The consequences of this conclusion are discussed for the oxidative as well as for the reductive part of the reaction of sGDH.
Readministration of adenoviral gene delivery to dopamine neurons (2007)

An approach currently being explored as treatment for Parkinson's disease is gene therapy. An important question concerns the duration of transgene expression in dopamine neurons and the issues of vector persistence, neuronal damage and the feasibility of readministering vector to the same neuronal population. We show, using an adenoviral vector expressing the LacZ reporter gene, that transgene expression declined over time but with minimal loss of dopamine neurons or vector DNA. Readministration of vector resulted in low levels of transgene delivery to the neurons. Moreover, the neurons to which vector had already been delivered were unable to transport the retrograde tracer fluorogold. Our findings indicate that transgene expression declined in dopamine neurons despite the persistence of virus, and the capacity to readminister vector to these neurons was limited.
On the self-similarity of synthetic traffic for the evaluation of intrusion detection systems (2003)

The difficulty of quantifying the accuracy of intrusion detection tools against real network data mandates that researchers use simulated attack data for the partial evaluation of such tools. In 1998 and 1999 researchers at MIT Lincoln Labs produced datasets both with and without attack data specifically for use by those interested in developing intrusion detection tools. Because self-similarity has been shown to be a statistical property of real network traffic, this paper examines the attack-free datasets for the presence of self-similarity in various time periods. The results offer insight for researchers who may wish to use specific subsets of the data for testing. Where the results indicate a lack of self-similarity in the data, the likely cause was determined to be either a low activity level or traffic that was dominated by a single protocol, thus forcing the overall distribution to match its own.
Hybrid Seed Production inCapsicum (1999)

SummaryWhile ˜20 Capsicumspecies are recognized, Capsicum annuumis the predominant species cultivated, encompassing both hot and sweet peppers. Heterosis has been documented in hot and sweet peppers, and hybrids are gaining increasing popularity among farmers throughout the world. Producing high-quality hybrid pepper seeds requires careful management of the parental lines, skilled labor to make the cross-pollinations, and proper processing of the resulting seeds. The use of genic and cytoplasmic-genic male sterility is increasing in order to decrease the cost of hybrid seed production. Molecular markers are increasingly being used to check the purity of hybrid seeds. Most hybrid seed production occurs in countries with cheap, skilled labor, such as China, India, and Thailand.
Serotype IIIStreptococcus agalactiaefrom Bovine Milk and Human Neonatal Infections1 (2004)

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus [GBS]) causes invasive human infections and bovine mastitis. This study examined the genetic relationship between bovine and human serotype III GBS by using molecular techniques that classify human serotype III GBS into four distinct phylogenetic lineages. Bovine serotype III GBS were largely contained in two lineages, which are distinct from the two major lineages (restriction digest types III-2 and III-3) that infect human neonates. One of the bovine lineages closely resembles the human III-1 lineage, whose members occasionally cause human neonatal infections. The bovine strains in the other lineage characteristically have an initiation factor IF2 gene (infB) H allele and multilocus sequence types that are not found in human GBS strains. Evidence suggests that this "H allele" lineage is related to the human III-3 lineage. These results support the assertion that human and bovine GBS are largely unrelated and provide further insight into the genetic relation between human and bovine GBS.
Mr. A. H. Bailey (1912)

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Role of Autophagy in Glycogen Breakdown and Its Relevance to Chloroquine Myopathy (2013)

Several myopathies are associated with defects in autophagic and lysosomal degradation of glycogen, but it remains unclear how glycogen is targeted to the lysosome and what significance this process has for muscle cells. We have established a Drosophila melanogaster model to study glycogen autophagy in skeletal muscles, using chloroquine (CQ) to simulate a vacuolar myopathy that is completely dependent on the core autophagy genes. We show that autophagy is required for the most efficient degradation of glycogen in response to starvation. Furthermore, we show that CQ-induced myopathy can be improved by reduction of either autophagy or glycogen synthesis, the latter possibly due to a direct role of Glycogen Synthase in regulating autophagy through its interaction with Atg8.
Anionic N-Fries Rearrangement of N-Alkyl-2-iodo Anilides Induced by Iodine−Magnesium Exchange:  Application for Synthesis of Strained 1,2,3-Trisubstituted Indoles (2008)

A superior, mild, high-yielding one-pot process for rapid access to oxo anilides has been developed that involves three cascade reactions: iodine-magnesium exchange, regiospecific ortho N-Fries rearrangement, and in situ trapping of the formed aniline anion. Coupled with McMurry cyclization, the two-step process allows ready synthesis of strained 1,2,3-trisubstituted indoles regioselectively.
The non-specific Lipid Transfer Protein (nsLTP) is involved at early and late stages of symbiosis between Alnus glutinosa and Frankia alni (2021)

Summary Alnus glutinosa response to Frankia alni is driven by several sequential physiological modifications that include calcium spiking, root hair deformation, penetration, induction of primordium, formation and growth of nodule. Here, we have conducted a transcriptomic study to analyse plant responses to Frankia alni at early stages of symbiosis establishment. Forty-two genes were significantly activated by either with a Frankia culture supernatant or with living cells separated from the roots by a dialysis membrane permitted to identify plant genes which expression changes upon early contact with Frankia . Most of these genes encode biological processes, including oxidative stress and response to stimuli. The most upregulated gene is the non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) encoding gene with a fold change of 141. Physiological experiments showed that nsLTP increases Frankia nitrogen fixation at sub-lethal concentration. Immunohistochemistry experiments conducted at an early infection stage indicated that nsLTP protein is localized at the deformed root hair region after Frankia inoculation and later in nodules, precisely around bacterial vesicles. Taken together, these results suggest that nsLTP acts at early and late stages of symbiosis, probably by increasing nitrogen uptake by Frankia .
QoSs definition and session description protocol for secure communication using compressive sensing (2017)

In Compressive Sensing (CS)-based cryptographic mechanisms, the measurement matrix is treated as a secret key (secret CS-matrix), so that the encryption and/or the generation of authentication codes are performed during the compressed sampling process. If the secret CS-matrix is used once for each signal, only the key management is required for the effective use of CS-based cryptographic operations for security. In order to be used during a secure CS-based communication in general and during the secure session initialization in particular, the secret CS-matrix and associated metadata and parameters need to be described and formatted for further secure negotiations. In standard cryptography, only secret binary keys and associated metadata are negotiated during the initialization of a secure communication. In contrast, different secret CS-matrices may have different sizes, properties, and structures, depending on the characteristics of the input vector, the desired performance, the compressive sampling rate, and the expected reconstruction results. This paper proposes a description of the character- istics and properties of the secret CS-matrix. This includes the description of its parameters and metadata, the definition of associated services (security related and application related) and the description of Methods and protocols needed for the negotiation of all required parameters, properties, and services.
Pharmacological evaluation of new calcium antagonists: 2-Substituted 3-dimethylamino-5,6-methylenedioxyindenes. Antiarrhythmic effects (1979)

The 2-n-propyl- and 2-n-butyl-3-dimethylamino-5,6-methylenedioxyindene hydrochlorides (MDIs) were previously shown to be calcium antagonists with an intracellular site of action. The present investigation was designed to explore the antiarrhythmic properties of the MDIs using the pathophysiological model of the ouabain-toxic dog. Cardiac arrhythmias in dogs were induced by intravenous administration of a loading dose of 55–60 μg/kg of ouabain, followed by a continuous infusion of a maintenance dose of 0.072 μg/kg per minute of the cardiac glycoside. Intravenous doses of 5–30 mg/kg of either of the MDIs administered to arrhythmic dogs resulted in a dose-dependent conversion to sinus rhythm which was preceded by a dose-dependent drop in diastolic blood pressure. Systolic pressure was unaltered, and the effects of the MDIs on heart rate were variable but generally unimpressive and not dose related. Pretreatment of dogs with single (30 mg/kg) or multiple (six injections of 10 mg/kg each) doses of the MDIs prior to ouabain administration afforded a significant protection of the animals against ouabain-induced arrhythmias, with the "time-to-onset" of arrhythmias being 4.5 to 8 times longer in the presence of the MDI pretreatments as compared with non-protected dogs. These findings indicate that the MDIs possess significant antiarrhythmic properties against ouabain-induced arrhythmias, and may lower blood pressure by direct arteriolar dilation without significant effects on cardiac chronotropy or inotropy.
Primary endothelial cell–specific regulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1 and HIF‐2 and their target gene expression profiles during hypoxia (2019)

During hypoxia, a cellular adaptive response activates hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs; HIF-1 and HIF-2) that respond to low tissue-oxygen levels and induce the expression of a number of genes that promote angiogenesis, energy metabolism, and cell survival. HIF-1 and HIF-2 regulate endothelial cell (EC) adaptation by activating gene-signaling cascades that promote endothelial migration, growth, and differentiation. An HIF-1 to HIF-2 transition or switch governs this process from acute to prolonged hypoxia. In the present study, we evaluated the mechanisms governing the HIF switch in 10 different primary human ECs from different vascular beds during the early stages of hypoxia. The studies demonstrate that the switch from HIF-1 to HIF-2 constitutes a universal mechanism of cellular adaptation to hypoxic stress and that <i>HIF1A</i> and <i>HIF2A</i> mRNA stability differences contribute to HIF switch. Furthermore, using 4 genome-wide mRNA expression arrays of HUVECs during normoxia and after 2, 8, and 16 h of hypoxia, we show using bioinformatics analyses that, although a number of genes appeared to be regulated exclusively by HIF-1 or HIF-2, the largest number of genes appeared to be regulated by both.-Bartoszewski, R., Moszyńska, A., Serocki, M., Cabaj, A., Polten, A., Ochocka, R., Dell'Italia, L., Bartoszewska, S., Króliczewski, J., Dąbrowski, M., Collawn, J. F. Primary endothelial cell-specific regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 and HIF-2 and their target gene expression profiles during hypoxia.
Tight Variational Bounds via Random Projections and I-Projections (2016)

Information projections are the key building block of variational inference algorithms and are used to approximate a target probabilistic model by projecting it onto a family of tractable distributions. In general, there is no guarantee on the quality of the approximation obtained. To overcome this issue, we introduce a new class of random projections to reduce the dimensionality and hence the complexity of the original model. In the spirit of random projections, the projection preserves (with high probability) key properties of the target distribution. We show that information projections can be combined with random projections to obtain provable guarantees on the quality of the approximation obtained, regardless of the complexity of the original model. We demonstrate empirically that augmenting mean field with a random projection step dramatically improves partition function and marginal probability estimates, both on synthetic and real world data.