gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Indications and Techniques Across the World (2018)

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is a common treatment for rotator cuff tear arthropathy. We performed a systematic review of all the RTSA literature to answer if we are treating the same patients with RTSA, across the world. A systematic review was registered with PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews, and performed with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using 3 publicly available free databases. Therapeutic clinical outcome investigations reporting RTSA outcomes with levels of evidence I to IV were eligible for inclusion. All study, subject, and surgical technique demographics were analyzed and compared between continents. Statistical comparisons were conducted using linear regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Fisher's exact test, and Pearson's chi-square test. There were 103 studies included in the analysis (8973 patients; 62% female; mean age, 70.9 ± 6.7 years; mean length of follow-up, 34.3 ± 19.3 months) that had a low Modified Coleman Methodology Score (MCMS) (mean, 36.9 ± 8.7: poor). Most patients (60.8%) underwent RTSA for a diagnosis of rotator cuff arthropathy, whereas 1% underwent RTSA for fracture; indications varied by continent. There were no consistent reports of preopeartive or postoperative scores from studies in any region. Studies from North America reported significantly higher postoperative external rotation (34.1° ± 13.3° vs 19.3° ± 8.9°) (P < .001) and a greater change in flexion (69.0° ± 24.5° vs 56.3° ± 11.3°) (P = .004) compared with studies from Europe. North America had the greatest total number of publications followed by Europe. The total yearly number of publications increased each year (P < .001), whereas the MCMS decreased each year (P = .037). The quantity, but not the quality of RTSA studies is increasing. Indications for RTSA varied by continent, although most patients underwent RTSA for rotator cuff arthropathy. The majority of patients undergoing RTSA are female over the age of 60 years for a diagnosis of rotator cuff arthropathy with pseudoparalysis.
Cenozoic Stages of Forearc Evolution Following the Accretion of a Sliver From the Late Cretaceous‐Caribbean Large Igneous Province: SW Ecuador‐NW Peru (2019)

Abstract The SW Ecuador‐NW Peru forearc region is the southernmost location, where the Caribbean large igneous province (CLIP) interacted with the South American margin since the Late Cretaceous. The accretion of the CLIP to the margin led to the entrapment of the North Andean crustal Sliver, conforming the underlying basement of the forearc region in Ecuador, whereas in NW Peru, forearc depocenters involve rocks of continental affinity. Many existing tectonic reconstructions have treated these two areas independently, largely based on their crustal affinities. In contrast, this study integrates previous studies into an analysis of unpublished seismic profiles, potential field data, outcrop stratigraphy, and recent studies dealing with the dynamics of allochthonous terrane accretion along continental margins. Our integrated approach shows that SW Ecuador was dominated by a Late Cretaceous deforming outer wedge, which may have constituted a remnant of a northeast or northwest dipping obliquely obducted oceanic block at the edge of the CLIP. This tectonic phase was governed by plate instability, affecting NW Peru and SW Ecuador, followed by reestablishment of the margin by early Eocene. The resulting margin configuration and the spatial distribution of the different tectonic elements seem to have played a key role into the further Cenozoic development of the forearc region. The model presented in this study proposes that the accretion of buoyant oceanic terranes may have had a profound impact on the early margin configuration of SW Ecuador and NW Peru and led to the development of localized but genetically related forearc depocenters.
Titanocene Borane σ-Complexes (1999)

The chemistry of titanocene bisborane complexes Cp2Ti(HBcat‘)2 (1a−g) (HBcat‘ = catecholborane or a substitued catecholborane) and monoborane complexes Cp2Ti(HBcat‘)(L) (2−4) (L = PMe3, PhSiH3, or PhCCPh) is reported. These complexes are unusual σ-complexes. The B−H bond in the catecholborane of 1 acts as a two-electron-donor ligand. The 4-tert-butyl version 1a was studied in depth and underwent ligand substitution reactions with PMe3, CO, PhSiH3, and PhCCPh. The products of the reaction of 1a with PMe3 and PhSiH3 are the novel monoborane σ-complexes Cp2Ti(HBcat‘)(PMe3) (2a; HBcat‘ = HBO2C6H3-4-t-Bu) and Cp2Ti(HBcat‘)(PhSiH3) (3; HBcat‘ = HBO2C6H3-4-t-Bu), in which the catecholborane remains a two-electron-donating ligand. Reaction with CO formed Cp2Ti(CO)2. Reaction with PhCCPh formed Cp2Ti(HBcat‘)(PhCCPh) (4; HBcat‘ = HBO2C6H3-4-t-Bu), which was observed in solution and reductively eliminated the vinyl boronate ester (Ph)(Bcat‘)CC(Ph)(H). The rates for the reactions of 1a with these substrates showed a first-order dependence on the concentration of 1a and a zero-order dependence on the concentrations of both the departing HBcat‘ and the incoming ligand. The substitution reaction proceeded at the same rate ((3.8 ± 0.3) × 10-4) regardless of the identity of the incoming ligand. The entropy of activation was +30 ± 5 eu. These data are consistent with a dissociative substitution mechanism for the reaction of 1a with these substrates. The ΔH⧧ value of 25 ± 3 kcal mol-1 for these reactions provides an upper limit for the strength of the borane−metal interaction. Electronic effects on the reaction rate support a bonding model involving back-donation from titanium to the borane, and the unusual steric effects allow a proposal for the geometric changes that occur upon formation of the transition state.
World-Model-Based Control for Industrial box-packing of Multiple Objects using NewtonianVAE (2023)

The process of industrial box-packing, which involves the accurate placement of multiple objects, requires high-accuracy positioning and sequential actions. When a robot is tasked with placing an object at a specific location with high accuracy, it is important not only to have information about the location of the object to be placed, but also the posture of the object grasped by the robotic hand. Often, industrial box-packing requires the sequential placement of identically shaped objects into a single box. The robot's action should be determined by the same learned model. In factories, new kinds of products often appear and there is a need for a model that can easily adapt to them. Therefore, it should be easy to collect data to train the model. In this study, we designed a robotic system to automate real-world industrial tasks, employing a vision-based learning control model. We propose in-hand-view-sensitive Newtonian variational autoencoder (ihVS-NVAE), which employs an RGB camera to obtain in-hand postures of objects. We demonstrate that our model, trained for a single object-placement task, can handle sequential tasks without additional training. To evaluate efficacy of the proposed model, we employed a real robot to perform sequential industrial box-packing of multiple objects. Results showed that the proposed model achieved a 100% success rate in industrial box-packing tasks, thereby outperforming the state-of-the-art and conventional approaches, underscoring its superior effectiveness and potential in industrial tasks.
Computing synchronizer failure probabilities (2007)

System-on-Chip designs often have a large number of timing domains. Communication between these domains requires synchronization, and the failure probabilities of these synchronizers must be characterized accurately to ensure the robustness of the complete system. We present a novel approach for determining the failure probabilities of synchronizer circuits. Our approach using numerical integration to account for the nonlinear behaviour of real synchronizer circuits. We complement this with small-signal techniques to enable accurate estimation of extremely small failure probabilities. Our approach is fully automated, is suitable for integration into circuit simulation tools such as SPICE and enables accurate characterization of extremely small failure probabilities.
Water-in-oil-in-water double nanoemulsion induced by CO2 (2010)

The cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/water/heptane emulsion system with different CO(2) pressure has been studied. The phase behavior investigation shows the nanoemulsion can be formed at suitable pressure range. The generalized indirect Fourier transformation (GIFT) analysis of the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data has drawn a clear picture of the structural information of the nanoemulsion, which reveals that the droplet of emulsion has a double structure with both the outer and inner droplet size in nanometre range. Furthermore, the investigation of the heptane/CTAB/water/CO(2) emulsion system by using electrical conductivity confirms the emulsion type transforms from O/W to W/O/W. In addition, the effect of different CTAB concentration on the nanoemulsion formation has been studied. It is found that enough CTAB concentration is necessary for the inclusion of continuous water into oil droplets. We also explored the application of the W/O/W double nanoemulsion in material synthesis. Interestingly, the hollow silica spheres with double shells were obtained in this CO(2)-induced double nanoemulsion.
Augmenting Crowd-Sourced 3D Reconstructions Using Semantic Detections (2018)

Image-based 3D reconstruction for Internet photo collections has become a robust technology to produce impressive virtual representations of real-world scenes. However, several fundamental challenges remain for Structure-from-Motion (SfM) pipelines, namely: the placement and reconstruction of transient objects only observed in single views, estimating the absolute scale of the scene, and (suprisingly often) recovering ground surfaces in the scene. We propose a method to jointly address these remaining open problems of SfM. In particular, we focus on detecting people in individual images and accurately placing them into an existing 3D model. As part of this placement, our method also estimates the absolute scale of the scene from object semantics, which in this case constitutes the height distribution of the population. Further, we obtain a smooth approximation of the ground surface and recover the gravity vector of the scene directly from the individual person detections. We demonstrate the results of our approach on a number of unordered Internet photo collections, and we quantitatively evaluate the obtained absolute scene scales.
Identification of Standard Auction Models (2002)

This paper presents new identification results for models of first–price, second–price, ascending (English), and descending (Dutch) auctions. We consider a general specification of the latent demand and information structure, nesting both private values and common values models, and allowing correlated types as well as ex ante asymmetry. We address identification of a series of nested models and derive testable restrictions enabling discrimination between models on the basis of observed data. The simplest model—symmetric independent private values—is nonparametrically identified even if only the transaction price from each auction is observed. For richer models, identification and testable restrictions may be obtained when additional information of one or more of the following types is available: (i) the identity of the winning bidder or other bidders; (ii) one or more bids in addition to the transaction price; (iii) exogenous variation in the number of bidders; (iv) bidder–specific covariates. While many private values (PV) models are nonparametrically identified and testable with commonly available data, identification of common values (CV) models requires stringent assumptions. Nonetheless, the PV model can be tested against the CV alternative, even when neither model is identified.
Traumatic Brain Injury Impairs Systemic Vascular Function Through Altered Lipid Metabolism and Disruption of Inward-Rectifier Potassium (Kir2.1) Channels (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Trauma can lead to widespread vascular endothelial dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Strong inward-rectifier potassium channels (Kir2.1) play a critical role in the dynamic regulation of regional perfusion and blood flow. Kir2.1 channel activity is modulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ), a minor membrane phospholipid that is degraded by phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) in conditions of oxidative stress or severe inflammation. We hypothesized that PLA 2 –induced depletion of PIP 2 impairs Kir2.1 channel function. METHODS A fluid percussion injury model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats was used to study mesenteric resistance arteries 24 hours after injury. Patch-clamp electrophysiology in freshly isolated endothelial and smooth muscle cells was performed to monitor Kir2.1 conductance, and the functional responses of intact arteries were assessed using pressure myography. We analyzed circulating PLA 2 , hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and metabolites to identify alterations in signaling pathways associated with PIP 2 in TBI. RESULTS Electrophysiology analysis of endothelial and smooth muscle cells revealed a significant reduction of Ba 2+ -sensitive Kir2.1 currents after TBI. Additionally, dilations to elevated extracellular potassium and BaCl 2 - or ML 133-induced constrictions in pressurized arteries were significantly decreased following TBI, consistent with an impairment of Kir2.1 channel function. The addition of a PIP 2 analog to the patch pipette successfully rescued endothelial Kir2.1 currents after TBI. Both H 2 O 2 and PLA 2 activity were increased after injury. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated altered lipid metabolism signaling pathways, including increased arachidonic acid, and fatty acid mobilization after TBI. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a model in which increased H 2 O 2 -induced PLA 2 activity after trauma hydrolyzes endothelial PIP 2 , resulting in impaired Kir2.1 channel function.
Constrained Monte Carlo Markov Chains on Graphs (2019)

This paper presents a novel theoretical Monte Carlo Markov chain procedure in the framework of graphs. It specifically deals with the construction of a Markov chain whose empirical distribution converges to a given reference one. The Markov chain is constrained over an underlying graph, so that states are viewed as vertices and the transition between two states can have positive probability only in presence of an edge connecting them. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the relationship between the support of the target distribution and the connectedness of the graph.
Simultaneous Nanoindentation and 3D Imaging on Semicrystalline Colloidal Films (2012)

Abstract High-resolution confocal microscopy at a single-colloid level was combined with testing the mechanical properties of semicrystalline colloidal films using nanoindentation experiments. Using localization and tracking algorithms, the displacements of each individual colloid in the film could be determined, allowing the identification of the dominant microscopic deformation processes. Despite strong attractive forces between the colloids, structural reorganization of the film was ubiquitous. We observed irreversible rearrangements such as dislocation defects and pile-up behavior. In comparison with amorphous systems, reversible deformations of the film were significantly more pronounced.
EMC Aspects of Signalling Systems on Silent Bridges: Measurements and Simulations (2004)

Environmental legislation imposes strict limits on the maximum noise levels produced by passing trains. To meet the standards, the civil engineers of Holland Railconsult design and construct the so-called "Silent Bridges". The metal elements of the Silent Bridge are in close proximity to the tracks. This influences the 75 Hz coded track circuits, used for ATP at the ProRail network, and as a result the rolling stock may not detect the ATP code correctly. Therefore, as a default measure, separate ATP signal cables are installed to guarantee a sufficient high ATP level. To study the effects of alternative measures, two simulation tools with different mathematical algorithms were used to study the influence of various metal construction elements. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the contribution of each conductor of the civil structure to the total attenuation of the ATP signal. A comparison is made of alternative measures. In an integral design process, a simple modification of the civil constructions may save expensive measures with respect to the signalling system.
Unique Axial Interaction of a Quadruply-Bonded Cr(II)-Cr(II) with Two Pt(II) Atoms in the Linearly Aligned Pt-Cr-Cr-Pt Supported by Four 6-Diphenylphosphino-2-pyridonate Ligands (2001)

Abstract Linearly aligned tetranuclear Pt(II)-Cr(II)-Cr(II)-Pt(II) complexes were prepared using a tridentate pyphos ligand (pyphos = 6-diphenylphosphino-2-pyridonate). The bonding between Cr(II) and Pt(II) was discussed on the basis of magnetic measurements. A dichromium complex, [Cr2(pyphos)4] (1), was prepared by the reaction of [Cr2(OAc)4] with the sodium salt of pyphos ligand. The complex 1 has four phosphorus atoms capable of holding transition metals at both of the axial positions of the Cr2 moiety. Three tetranuclear Pt(II)-Cr(II)-Cr(II)-Pt(II) complexes, i.e., [Cr2Pt2Me4(pyphos)4] (2), [Cr2Pt2Cl4(pyphos)4] (3), and [Cr2Pt2Cl2Me2(pyphos)4] (4), have been prepared by the addition of the respective platinum species, PtIIMe2, PtIICl2, and PtIIMeCl, to the axial positions of the Cr2 moiety of 1. Magnetic measurements of 1-4 together with a crystallographic study for the complexes 1 and 2 revealed that the quadruply-bonded Cr-Cr distance was delicately altered by the nature of the Pt atoms, i.e., the kind of substituents (Cl and/or Me) on the Pt atoms.
On channel-constrained vector quantization and index assignment for discrete memoryless channels (1999)

This correspondence introduces an approach to the design of channel robust vector quantizers. Design criteria are derived based on a new expression for the channel distortion as a function of the code vectors of the quantizer. The introduced framework for design and analysis holds for arbitrary discrete memoryless channels. Simulations demonstrate good performance. The correspondence also presents new results regarding the channel distortion as a function of the index assignment given to the code vectors of a vector quantizer.
Infusion of 2.5 meq/min of lactic acid minimally increases CO2 production compared to an isocaloric glucose infusion in healthy anesthetized, mechanically ventilated pigs (2013)

Replacing 50% of the caloric input with lactic acid increased total CO2 production by less than 5% compared to an equal caloric load provided entirely by a 50% glucose solution.
Mold Risk Classification Based on Comparative Evaluation of Two Established Growth Models (2015)

Although the energy codes or construction standards were considerably improved in the last decades, there are continuous reports on mold growth problems in buildings. Numerical prediction can be useful in assessing the risk of mold growth in new constructions and retrofit applications. Two well-known models exist and are widely used: the VTT model and the biohygrothermal IBP model. While the VTT model is an experimentally validated empirical model based on visual findings of mold growth, the biohygrothermal method models the growth of a mold hyphen in mm as a function of the transient ambient conditions. Since a hyphen is not visible to the naked eye it is not evident at what length the growth will become a nuisance. The VTT model uses a very clear six-step evaluation: the so-called mold index describing the intensity of growth on the surface. By comparing the results of the biohygrothermal and the VTT model it is possible to use the clear and acknowledged rating measure of the mold index also for the IBP model. For this purpose, a conversion function has been developed allowing the transformation of the calculated hyphen growth, in mm, into the mold index with a high level of correspondence. In collaboration of VTT and IBP a new postprocessor for the VTT model was developed which can be used to assess both: Results from hygrothermal numerical simulations or measured data. A classification employing a traffic light indicator helps to interpret the mold growth risk: green means no risk, red is not acceptable, while the yellow range indicates a possible risk and requires a specific evaluation.
Renin-Specific Antibody for Study of Cardiovascular Homeostasis (1980)

Antiserum specific for purified canine renal renin was used to inhibit this enzyme in trained, conscious dogs. The antiserum did not affect blood pressure in sodium-replete dogs but decreased plasma renin activity and blood pressure in sodium-depleted animals. The antiserum also reduced blood pressure to control levels concomitant with suppression of plasma renin activity in uninephrectomized dogs with acute renovascular hypertension. These observations establish the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the maintenance of blood pressure in the sodium-depleted state as well as in the initiation of renovascular hypertension.
Evaluation of a soil slurry reactor system for treating soil contaminated with munitions compounds (1994)

Two 0.5-L semicontinuous soil slurry reactors were operated for seven months to evaluate the performance of the slurry reactor system in bioremediating soil contaminated with munitions compounds. Nitrogen and carbon were supplemented. The soil slurry was mixed continuously and aerated 10 min/day. Ten percent of the contaminated soil was replaced every week. The 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) concentration in soil began to drop after 15 days of treatment, falling to less than 0.5 mg/kg from 7800 mg/kg. Total plate counts in both reactors indicated that the bacterial population was maintained, with an average plate count of about 10{sup 8} CFU/mL. The soil slurry was slightly acidic. In addition to TNT, the slurry reactor also removed the other munitions compounds trinitrobenzene (TNB), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), RDX, and HMX. Radiolabeling studies on the reactor biomass showed that 23% of [{sup C}14]TNT was mineralized, while 27% was used as biomass and 8% was adsorbed on to the soil. The rest of the [{sup 14}C]TNT was accounted for as TNT metabolites. Increasing the frequency of soil replacement from once to two or three times weekly did not affect the TNT removal rates. However, the slurry system showed signs of stress, with highly acidic conditions and low oxygen uptake rates.
Single Crystal Growth and Characterizations of A3BC3D2O14-Type Compounds for Piezoelectric Applications (2001)

A 3 Nb 1- x Ga 3+(5/3) x Si 2 O 14 (ANGS, A=Sr, Ca) compounds were investigated as a function of Nb and Ga mole ratios and grown using the micro pulling-down (µ-PD) technique after being prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction. On the basis of the µ-PD growth results, ANGS single crystals were grown by the Czochralski method. The grown Sr 3 NbGa 3 Si 2 O 14 (SNGS) and Ca 3 NbGa 3 Si 2 O 14 (CNGS) the single crystals showed that they were isostructural to that of A 3 BC 3 D 2 O 14 , which had the space group P321. The lattice parameters of SNGS and CNGS were calculated to be a =8.282, 8.087 and c =5.073, 4.980 Å, respectively. The defect distribution and piezoelectric properties of these crystals were measured.