gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aminoglycoside antibiotics: Studies directed toward the selective modification of hydroxyl groups: Synthesis of 3′-epiparomamine and 3′-epineamine (1978)

Based on the knowledge that certain bacterial strains can produce enzymes that are capable of phosphorylating the 3′-hydroxyl group of a series of aminoglycoside antibiotics, the pseudodisaccharide 3′-epiparomamine was prepared through a series of high yieldingsteps, starting from paromamine. Application of selective halogenation and subsequent animation reactions allowed the efficient transformation of 3′-epiparomamine to 3′-epineamine. The two compounds were not substrates for the inactivating enzymes, however, they are also much weaker antibiotics compared to the parent compounds paromamine and neamine. Model synthetic studies in the 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-ghicose series are also reported.
Heterogeneous‐Gold‐Catalyzed Acceptorless Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Hydrosilanes and Isocyanic Acid Generated in situ from Urea (2013)

Support structure: In the presence of gold nanoparticles supported on alumina (Au/Al2O3), various hydrosilanes can be converted into the corresponding silyl isocyanates using urea as an isocyanate source. The observed catalysis is truly heterogeneous, and the retrieved Au/Al2O3 catalyst can be reused several times without any loss of its high catalytic performance.
Study of nonlinear-optical characteristics of AgGa1-xInxSe2crystals (2005)

The nonlinear-optical characteristics of AgGa1-xInxSe2 crystals with x = 0.25–0.34 are studied. The experimental dependence of the wavelength of noncritical phase matching on the indium concentration is obtained upon second-harmonic generation by pumping the crystal by a CO2 laser. The quadratic nonlinear susceptibility is measured by the absolute method. The radiation resistance threshold for pulsed radiation from the CO2 laser is determined.
<title>Light-emitting diode versus laser irradiation phototherapy with lutetium texaphyrin (PCI-0123)</title> (1997)

Lutetium texaphyrin (PCI-0123) is presently in clinical trials for the treatment of neoplasms. An argon-pumped dye laser has mostly been used to generate light for PCI-0123 photoactivation. However, lasers are expensive and produce a limited area of illumination, so the efficacy of light emitting diodes (LEDs) was investigated. An LED array was developed so that the spectral emission matched the far red absorption spectrum of PCI-0123. A preclinical PDT efficacy study comparing the laser and the LED was undertaken using EMT6-bearing animals. The LED and laser light sources were statistically comparable in eradicating the murine mammary sarcomas using PCI-0123 as the photosensitizer.
Integrated case management history and analytics (2011)

Advanced case management gives enterprises the flexibility to organize their business operations in an efficient and transparent manner while providing knowledge workers the opportunity to proceed towards their goals and to react to exceptions as required in each individual situation. Powerful analytics based on pervasive observation of end-to-end case executions help to detect exceptional situations, determine possible derailment, and thus to prevent undesired outcomes. This paper demonstrates the application of proven technologies derived from real world examples to determine the health of a particular case.
Ein modularer Ansatz zur gezielten Herstellung nanostrukturierter Hybridmaterialien: die simultane Zwillingspolymerisation (2012)

Ein Paradoxon: Homopolymere entstehen bei der Copolymerisation zweier Zwillingsmonomere. Mit der neuen Methode der simultanen Zwillingspolymerisation können gezielt komplexe Hybridmaterialien synthetisiert werden (siehe Schema), wobei je nach Kombination der Zwillingsmonomere nanostrukturierte Hybridmaterialien unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften entstehen. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Differentiation of B Lymphocytes From Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2004)

Differentiation of B lymphocytes can be efficiently obtained when multipotent hematopoietic precursors are cocultured with stromal cell lines and soluble growth factors. Stromal cell lines provide yet-undefined signals required for the expansion of the precursor population and/or lineage commitment and soluble mediators. In consequence, the type of the exogenously added interleukins depends on the stromal support used in the assay. In contrast to S17 and OP9 stroma, the fibroblast line NIH3T3 does not support B-cell precursor expansion of CD19(+) fetal liver cells; neither does it induce B-lineage differentiation from embryonic multipotent progenitors, in the absence of added cytokines. Under these conditions c-kit ligand, interleukin-7 (IL-7), and Flt3 ligand (Flt3-L) are added to the cultures to ensure optimal B-cell differentiation. Another cytokine, stroma-derived lymphopoietin, can also be used instead of IL-7 in embryonic but not adult hematopoietic precursors.
Improved QRD-QLD Algorithm for Low Complexity MIMO Decoding (2014)

In this paper we present a decoding algorithm for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications. The algorithm is based on the QRD-QLD algorithm (see, e.g., Radosavljevic et al. 2012), proposes an improved path metric computation, and achieves a low probability of error which is close to the single tree search sphere decoder, at low implementation complexity. The proposed improved path metric computation increases the reliability of combining the results of the partial searches into sequences representing the maximum likelihood (ML) and the counter ML hypotheses in soft input MIMO decoding. The excellent performance of the improved algorithm are demonstrated via numerical simulations.
Wet Spinning of Acrylonitrile-Acrylamide Copolymers (1968)

アクリロニトリルーアクリルブミド共重合体を用い, アクリル重合体の水系紡糸浴での湿式紡糸における重合体親水性基の影響を検討した。アクリルアミド共重合量の増加とともに重合体の親水性が増大し,沈殿点,吸湿性,沸騰水収縮率,染着度の増加,風乾糸の比重増加, ミクロボイド量の減少が認められた。重合体の親水性化が沈殿構造の緻密化に有効に働らくことは認められたが,CONH2基のような非電離性基ではその効果はあまり大きくない。X線小角散乱により繊維中のミクロボイドについても若干の検討を行なった。
Influence of electronic structure and multiexciton spectral density on multiple-exciton generation in semiconductor nanocrystals: Tight-binding calculations (2008)

Several experimental works have reported that a single high-energy photon could generate multiple excitons in semiconductor nanocrystals and several theories have been proposed to explain these results. Using a tight-binding method, we calculate the electronic structure of InAs, Si, and PbSe nanocrystals and we investigate two models of the multiple exciton generation (MEG). We show that the impact ionization process is efficient at high energy, with lifetimes as small as $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$. The behavior of the impact ionization rate versus the energy is basically the same in all materials in spite of large differences in their electronic structure. We present simulations of the MEG showing that, in PbSe and Si nanocrystals, the impact ionization alone cannot explain the efficiencies measured at high energy, even in the limit where there is no relaxation of the excited carriers by electron-phonon scattering. In InAs nanocrystals, the impact ionization process could only explain the lowest yields reported in the literature. We calculate the spectral densities of multiexciton states and we evaluate the possibility of direct and instantaneous photogeneration of multiexcitons. We confirm the importance of the multiexciton spectral densities in the MEG problem because of their rapid variation over several orders of magnitude as a function of the energy. However, we show that the high MEG efficiencies in PbSe and Si nanocrystals, up to seven excitons per photon, would imply a very efficient relaxation in multiexciton states, whereas they are characterized by a negligible density.
Direct Electrophilic N‐Trifluoromethylation of Azoles by a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent (2012)

Effective CF(3) transfer: Various electron-rich nitrogen heterocycles (pyrazoles, triazoles, and tetrazoles) can be directly N-trifluoromethylated by a hypervalent iodine reagent in an efficient manner. The optimized procedure, which includes an in situ silylation of the substrate followed by an acid-catalyzed CF(3) transfer, provides ready access to a series of new and previously challenging or inaccessible NCF(3) compounds.
Mechanical properties of waxy maize starch nanocrystals reinforced natural rubber (2005)

International audience
Obstetrical Forceps Would Limit Force On An Infant's Head (1995)

Improved obstetrical forceps proposed to reduce injuries to newborn infants. Fabricated mostly of thermoplastic material. Reinforcing fibers added in hinge region of forceps. Combination of material, size, and shape chosen to make forceps yield elastically by amount keeping applied force from rising beyond maximum allowable value. Fiber-optic sensors for measuring strains embedded in forceps. Strain measurements used to compute tensile and compressive forces applied to infant's head.
Dendritic Spine Remodeling After Spinal Cord Injury Alters Neuronal Signal Processing (2009)

Central sensitization, a prolonged hyperexcitability of dorsal horn nociceptive neurons, is a major contributor to abnormal pain processing after spinal cord injury (SCI). Dendritic spines are micron-sized dendrite protrusions that can regulate the efficacy of synaptic transmission. Here we used a computational approach to study whether changes in dendritic spine shape, density, and distribution can individually, or in combination, adversely modify the input-output function of a postsynaptic neuron to create a hyperexcitable neuronal state. The results demonstrate that a conversion from thin-shaped to more mature, mushroom-shaped spine structures results in enhanced synaptic transmission and fidelity, improved frequency-following ability, and reduced inhibitory gating effectiveness. Increasing the density and redistributing spines toward the soma results in a greater probability of action potential activation. Our results demonstrate that changes in dendritic spine morphology, documented in previous studies on spinal cord injury, contribute to the generation of pain following SCI.
Additive increase adaptive decrease congestion control: a mathematical model and its experimental validation (2003)

Due to the fundamental end-to-end design principle of the TCP/IP for which the network cannot supply any explicit feedback, today the TCP congestion control algorithm implements an additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) algorithm. It is widely recognized that the AIMD mechanism is at the core of the stability of end-to-end congestion control. In this paper we describe a new mechanism we call additive increase adaptive decrease (AIAD). The key concept of the adaptive decrease mechanism is to adapt congestion window reductions to the bandwidth available at the time the congestion is experienced. We propose Westwood++ TCP as an implementation of the AIAD paradigm, and we consider Reno TCP as an example of the AIMD mechanism for comparison. We derive a mathematical model of the throughput of the AIAD mechanism that shows that Westwood++ is stable, is friendly to Reno and increases the fairness in bandwidth utilization. To confirm the validity of the theoretical model Internet measurements are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine Effects in the Copper(I) Hydride‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Ketones and Regioselective 1,2‐Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and Aldehydes. Hydrogenation of Decalin and Steroidal Ketones and Enones. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Watermarking Error Exponents in the Presence of Noise (2019)

The study of the error exponents of zero-bit watermarking is addressed in the article by Comesana, Merhav, and Barni, under the assumption that the detector relies solely on second order joint empirical statistics of the received signal and the watermark. This restriction leads to the well-known dual hypercone detector, whose score function is the absolute value of the normalized correlation. They derive the false negative error exponent and the optimum embedding rule. However, they only focus on high SNR regime, i.e. the noiseless scenario.
How to compare cardiovascular disease and risk factors in elderly patients with haemophilia with the general population (2016)

Increased prevalence of hypertension in PWH should trigger regular screening. CHD does occur in PWH aged ≥60 years though apparently with lower prevalence. Given the growing population of elderly PWH, guidelines for prevention and treatment of CVD should be developed.
Mass isolation of cleavage furrows from dividing sea urchin eggs (1991)

ABSTRACT To develop a mass isolation procedure for the cleavage furrow from synchronized sea urchin eggs, we compared the stability of the cleavage furrow with that of the rest of the cortex (polar-region cortex) and the inner cytoplasm under various conditions using the rhodamine-phalloidin staining method. As a result, to remove the polar-region cortex and leave the cleavage furrow intact, it became clear that the type and concentration of detergent, the pH and Ca concentration of the isolation solution and the temperature were of critical importance, and that 0.04–0.1% Nonidet P-40, pH 7.0–7.5, low calcium ion concentration and room temperature were optimal conditions. To solubilize the inner cytoplasm to release intact cleavage furrows, two factors, osmotic pressure and sea urchin species, were found to be important: 0.16 M glucose (or sucrose) was optimal, and we found Clypeaster japonicus to be the most appropriate. A shearing force, by gentle pipetting, was also required for furrow isolation. Taking these results into consideration, we have succeeded in developing a mass isolation procedure for cleavage furrow from C. japonicus. A total of 20–50 μg of protein of isolated cleavage furrow was recovered from 1 ml of packed dividing eggs. The structural integrity of the isolated cleavage furrow was well maintained and it was characterized by remnants of plasma membranes, actin filament meshwork including a contractile ring, and cytoplasmic vacuoles. Although the isolated furrow contained myosin II molecules, it showed no capability of in vitro reactivation.
Supplementary Tables 1, 2 and 4 from Platinum Sensitivity–Related Germline Polymorphism Discovered via a Cell-Based Approach and Analysis of Its Association with Outcome in Ovarian Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 115K&lt;/p&gt;
Use of Hydroelastic Analysis for Verification of Towed Equipment for Acquisition of Seismic Data (2008)

This paper presents how analysis can be used in the design and the design verification process for towed equipment. Analysis of a seismic gun array has been carried out and points out the challenges that need to be addressed in order to obtain an assessment of the system. It is shown how analysis should be carried out to obtain proper design verification. Applicable rules and design criteria are presented and discussed. The work shows the importance of carrying out a coupled hydroelastic analysis of towed equipment. The strong effect of waves and currents to positioning of equipment is shown.
Effects of cycle strategy and fibre composition on muscle glycogen depletion pattern and subsequent running economy (2008)

In this study, the effects of variable and constant-intensity cycling on muscle glycogen depletion patterns and subsequent running economy was examined. 60 minutes of cycling at a constant power (CON) or variable intensity (VAR) followed by a treadmill run to determine running economy was completed by nine male triathletes (Vo(2)max = 67.7 (4.9 ml) kg(-) min(-1)). During CON, there was greater glycogen depletion in the type I fibres compared with type II (0.08 (0.04) vs 0.02 (0.01) optical density (OD) units; p<0.05), while during VAR, there was greater glycogen depletion in the type II fibres compared with type I (0.06 (0.03) vs 0.03 (0.02) OD; p<0.05). The variation in muscle glycogen depletion patterns was not associated with the detriment in running economy, which was not significantly different between conditions (52.1 vs 52.8 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). There was a strong correlation between total muscle glycogen depletion and the change in running Vo(2) (r = 0.73, p<0.05) when the data from both trials were combined. There was also a negative correlation between type I fibre percentage and glycogen depletion within type II fibres during CON (r = -0.85, p<0.05). The results demonstrate that the decrease in running economy, subsequent to 60 minutes of cycling, is not affected by the cycling strategy employed. While different glycogen depletion patterns in the type I and II fibres were observed between conditions, total glycogen depletion may be more important to subsequent running economy. The percentage of type I fibres was associated with the glycogen depletion pattern during constant load, but not variable-intensity exercise.
Mode-Locked Bi-Doped All-Fiber Laser With Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating (2009)

We demonstrate a bi-doped fiber laser with dispersion compensation provided by a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating. Reliable self-starting mode-locking was achieved by using an InGaAsN semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. The all-fiber laser generated short optical pulses with a duration of 1.9 ps at ~ 1165 nm. The large anomalous dispersion of the fiber grating ensured operation in the soliton pulse regime. This in turn enabled us to increase the repetition rate of the output pulse train up to 100.6 MHz via harmonic mode-locking.
The role of balloon aortic valvuloplasty in current practice (1993)

From the Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, 1 rue de Germont, Rouen, France.
Methodology of real-time simulation to support field testing of dual-mode smart munitions sensors (2003)

This paper describes the methodology for executing real-time simulations for the support of field testing of smart munition sensors. The sensor simulated is a dual-mode sensor using passive thermal infrared and active laser profiling. The types of tests supported by the simulation are dynamic flight tests over stationary targets, captive flight tests with moving tactical targets, and end-to-end system tests with dynamic flight over moving tactical targets. The components of this methodology that will be discussed include the sensor simulation model, target and background models, and measurement procedures for generating inputs required for target and background models. The resulting simulation capability can be used to support a wide range of evaluations including concept evaluation, subsystem design trade-off analysis, and system performance evaluation.
CFM-ID Applied to CASMI 2014 (2017)

We describe our winning submission to the Critical Assessment of Small Molecule Identification (CASMI) 2014 competition, based on our method called Competitive Fragmentation Modeling (CFM-ID). Keywords: CASMI contest, MAGMa software, metabolite identification, tandem mass spectrometry, mass fragmentation.
3' : 5'-Cyclic AMP-dependent 3' (1977)

Suspensions of 3':5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP)-sensitive cells of Dictyostelium discoideum responded to a cAMP pulse with increased 3':5'-cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels. Under the assay conditions used (2 × 10^8 cells per ml in 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.0) cAMP (5 × 10-8 M final concentration) increased cGMP levels from 1 pmol per 10^7 cells to 7 pmol per 10^7 cells in 10 sec and basal levels were recovered in 20-25 sec. cGMP accumulation did not occur when cells were in the cAMP-insensitive stage. cAMP-sensitive cells responded with increased cGMP levels when triggered by 5 × 10-8 M 5'-CH2-cAMP or 10-5 M adenosine-5'-methylmonophosphate (5'-AMPMe) but not after addition of 5 × 10-8 M 3':5'-cyclic IMP (cIMP) or 5 × 10-8 M 5'-AMP. As agonists of cAMP, 5'-CH2-cAMP and 5'-AMPMe have, respectively, more than 10% and 1% the chemotactic activity of cAMP, while cIMP has 0.01% the activity of cAMP and 5-AMP is inactive up to a concentration of 10-3 M. cAMP-mediated cGMP formation was dependent upon cAMP concentration, with a half-maximal cAMP concentration of about 10-8 M. This cAMP concentration agrees closely with that necessary for half-maximal receptor occupation. cAMP-mediated cGMP formation was independent of the presence of extracellular Ca2+; cell aggregation and chemotaxis were also independent of the presence of external Ca2+. Therefore, cAMP action does not depend on stimulation of the Ca2+ influx. cAMP was found to mediate desensitization of cAMP-dependent cGMP formation. Additon of 5 × 10-8 M cAMP to sensitive cells induced a desensitization period that lasted 1-5 min. Desensitization was dependent on the cAMP concentration. Finally, we propose that the translation of a chemotactic signal from the cell surface to pseudopod formation in Dictyostelium involves changes in the levels of cGMP.
Plasmonic Nanogap Tilings: Light-Concentrating Surfaces for Low-Loss Photonic Integration (2013)

Owing to their ability to concentrate light on nanometer scales, plasmonic surface structures are ideally suited for on-chip functionalization with nonlinear or gain materials. However, achieving a high effective quantum yield across a surface requires not only strong light localization but also control over losses. Here, we report on a particular class of tunable low-loss metasurfaces featuring dense arrangements of nanometer-sized focal points on a photonic chip with an underlying waveguide channel. Guided within the plane, the photonic wave evanescently couples to the nanogaps, concentrating light in a lattice of hot-spots. In studying the energy transfer between photonic and plasmonic channels of single trimer molecules and triangular nanogap tilings in dependence on element size, we identify different regimes of operation. We show that the product of field enhancement, propagation length, and element size is close to constant in both the radiative and subwavelength regimes, opening pathways for device designs that combine high-field enhancements with large propagation lengths.
Retrospective, Descriptive, Observational Study of Treatment of Multiple Actinic Keratoses With Topical Methyl Aminolevulinate and Red Light: Results in Clinical Practice and Correlation With Fluorescence Imaging (2008)

Overall, the outcomes of treatment of multiple AKs with photodynamic therapy are better for the face than for the scalp and dorsum of the hands. Fluorescence imaging may be an effective tool for predicting response to treatment.
Psychiatric admission services for people with learning disability (1994)

As the care of people with learning disability has shifted from large Victorian hospitals to the community, provision for in-patient psychiatric treatment has, in many districts, also moved. Purpose built district or supra-district admission services represent the most common model. An alternative is the use of existing general psychiatric beds. In this article we describe the first 18 months of the Hillingdon district service where this latter model has been adopted.