gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geo-Storylines: Integrating Maps Into Storyline Visualizations (2022)

Storyline visualizations are a powerful way to compactly visualize how the relationships between people evolve over time. Real-world relationships often also involve space, for example the cities that two political rivals visited together or alone over the years. By default, Storyline visualizations only show implicitly geospatial co-occurrence between people (drawn as lines), by bringing their lines together. Even the few designs that do explicitly show geographic locations only do so in abstract ways (e.g., annotations) and do not communicate geospatial information, such as the direction or extent of their political campains. We introduce Geo-Storylines, a collection of visualisation designs that integrate geospatial context into Storyline visualizations, using different strategies for compositing time and space. Our contribution is twofold. First, we present the results of a sketching workshop with 11 participants, that we used to derive a design space for integrating maps into Storylines. Second, by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the potential designs of the design space in terms of legibility and ability to scale to multiple relationships, we extract the three most promising: Time Glyphs, Coordinated Views, and Map Glyphs. We compare these three techniques first in a controlled study with 18 participants, under five different geospatial tasks and two maps of different complexity. We additionally collected informal feedback about their usefulness from domain experts in data journalism. Our results indicate that, as expected, detailed performance depends on the task. Nevertheless, Coordinated Views remain a highly effective and preferred technique across the board.
Protecting Web Browser Extensions from JavaScript Injection Attacks (2013)

Vulnerable web browser extensions can be used by an attacker to steal users' credentials and lure users into leaking sensitive information to unauthorized parties. Current browser security models and existing JavaScript security solutions are inadequate for preventing JavaScript injection attacks that can exploit such vulnerable extensions. In this paper, we present a runtime protection mechanism based on a code randomization technique coupled with a static analysis technique to protect browser extensions from JavaScript injection attacks. The protection is enforced at runtime by distinguishing malicious code from the randomized extension code. We implemented our protection mechanism for the Mozilla Firefox browser and evaluated it on a set of vulnerable and non-vulnerable Firefox extensions. The evaluation results indicate that our approach can be a viable solution for preventing attacks on JavaScript-based browser extensions. In designing and implementing our approach, we were also able to reduce false positives and achieve maximum backward compatibility with existing extensions.
Dissociative recombination of ammonia clusters studied by storage ring experiments (2006)

Dissociative recombination of ammonia cluster ions with free electrons has been studied at the heavy-ion storage ring CRYRING (Manne Siegbahn Laboratory, Stockholm University). The absolute cross sections for dissociative recombination of H+(NH3)2, H+(NH3)3, D+(ND3)2, and D+(ND3)3 in the collision energy range of 0.001-27 eV are reported, and thermal rate coefficients for the temperature interval from 10 to 1000 K are calculated from the experimental data and compared with earlier results. The fragmentation patterns for the two ions H+(NH3)2 and D+(ND3)2 show no clear isotope effect. Dissociative recombination of X+(NX3)2 (X=H or D) is dominated by the product channels 2NX3+X [0.95+/-0.02 for H+(NH3)2 and 1.00+/-0.02 for D+(ND3)2]. Dissociative recombination of D+(ND3)3 is dominated by the channels yielding three N-containing fragments (0.95+/-0.05).
Fbxo22-mediated KDM4B degradation determines selective estrogen receptor modulator activity in breast cancer (2018)

The agonistic/antagonistic biocharacter of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) can have therapeutic advantages, particularly in the case of premenopausal breast cancers. Although the contradictory effects of these modulators have been studied in terms of crosstalk between the estrogen receptor α (ER) and coactivator dynamics and growth factor signaling, the molecular basis of these mechanisms is still obscure. We identify a series of regulatory mechanisms controlling cofactor dynamics on ER and SERM function, whose activities require F-box protein 22 (Fbxo22). Skp1, Cullin1, F-box-containing complex (SCFFbxo22) ubiquitylated lysine demethylase 4B (KDM4B) complexed with tamoxifen-bound (TAM-bound) ER, whose degradation released steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) from ER. Depletion of Fbxo22 resulted in ER-dependent transcriptional activation via transactivation function 1 (AF1) function, even in the presence of SERMs. In living cells, TAM released SRC and KDM4B from ER in a Fbxo22-dependent manner. SRC release by TAM required Fbxo22 on almost all ER-SRC-bound enhancers and promoters. TAM failed to prevent the growth of Fbxo22-depleted, ER-positive breast cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, a low level of Fbxo22 in tumor tissues predicted a poorer outcome in ER-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-negative (HER2-negative) breast cancers with high hazard ratios, independently of other markers such as Ki-67 and node status. We propose that the level of Fbxo22 in tumor tissues defines a new subclass of ER-positive breast cancers for which SCFFbxo22-mediated KDM4B degradation in patients can be a therapeutic target for the next generation of SERMs.
High Contrast Metastructured Surface for Photonic Devices (2017)

High contrast metastructures using near-wavelength structures with a large refractive-index contrast have emerged as a new class of planar optics with extraordinary properties. I will review the physics, experimental demonstrations and novel applications.
Conductivity and Hall-effect measurements on MBE GaAs grown at low temperatures (2005)

We have performed Hall-effect and conductivity measurements on MBE GaAs layers grown at 200-400 /spl deg/C, and annealed at temperatures up to 700 /spl deg/C. A key element in the success of these measurements is removal of the substrate. Results include the first accurate measurement of mobility, which can be greater than 1000 cm/sup 2//V s in annealed material, and the discovery of a new, dense donor near E/sub C/ - 0.45 eV, which is much shallower than the well-known EL2-like donor in this material. Annealing behavior of the electrical and optical properties can be quite complicated due to the existence of at least two donors as well as an acceptor, and two types of conductivity, hopping and band.
Nematic Structures in Randomly Interconnected Porous Hosts (2001)

Abstract Deuteron NMR measurements were performed on the octyl-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) liquid crystal confined to the randomly interconnected and large cavities of cellulose acetate Millipore filters and to the small pores of silica aerogel. These studies were performed as a function of sample orientation in the field, and by changing the confining size. In almost all cases, 8CB was confined to sizes smaller than the micron size magnetic coherence length, thus the observed line-shapes reflect the director pattern, ň( r ), and the orientational order, Q, as dictated by the porous host. The isotropic nature of aerogel yields DNMR spectral patterns consistent with powder-lineshapes. These patterns indicate a randomized ň( r ), characterized by a single Q. No angular dependence is found and nematic domains of finite dimension most likely exceeding the confining size are formed In contrast, the Millipore anisotropy and larger confining sizes yield DNMR patterns dependent on the sample orientation in the field and show a competition between surface-induced and field induced molecular alignment.
The COSMO and COSMO‐RS solvation models (2011)

Abstract The conductor‐like screening model COSMO, a variant of the dielectric continuum solvation models, has become very popular due to its algorithmic simplicity, numerical stability, and its great insensitivity with respect to outlying charge errors. The advanced model COSMO‐RS, i.e., COSMO for realistic solvation, is a statistical thermodynamics theory based on COSMO polarization charge densities, which overcomes many of the limitations and theoretical shortcomings of dielectric continuum models. Due to its ability to treat mixtures at variable temperatures, it has become very popular in chemical engineering and in wide areas of physical and medicinal chemistry. COSMO‐RS currently may be considered as the most accurate model for the prediction of solvation energies. This article provides a short description of the basic concepts of both the models, of the differences with other solvation models and of their application areas. Finally, direct COSMO‐RS, a recent direct integration of the COSMO‐RS concept into quantum chemical calculations, is briefly described. © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2011 1 699–709 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.56 This article is categorized under: Molecular and Statistical Mechanics &gt; Free Energy Methods
Transflective device with a transparent organic light‐emitting diode and a reflective liquid‐crystal device (2009)

Abstract— A high‐transmittance transflective device based on a hybrid structure consisting of a transparent organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) stacked on top of a reflective liquid‐crystal device (RLCD) was conceptually demonstrated. By placing the transparent OLED on top of a vertically aligned LCD operated under normally black mode, a transmittance as high as 75.7% was obtained due to the asymmetric emission characteristics of a transparent OLED. To further improve the performance in the transmissive mode, a polarizer‐free LCD was used, which yielded an ultra‐high transmittance (82.2% overall).
Differential Regulation of Elevated Renal Angiotensin II in Chronic Renal Ischemia (2002)

The present study was undertaken to clarify the role of intrarenal angiotensin (Ang) II and its generating pathways in clipped and nonclipped kidneys of 4-week unilateral renal artery stenosis in anesthetized dogs. After 4 weeks, renal plasma flow (RPF) decreased in clipped and nonclipped kidneys (baseline, 59+/-3; clipped, 16+/-1; nonclipped, 44+/-2 mL/min; P<0.01, n=22). Renal Ang I levels increased only in clipped, whereas intrarenal Ang II contents were elevated in both clipped (from 0.7+/-0.1 to 2.0+/-0.2 pg/mg tissue) and nonclipped kidneys (from 0.6+/-0.1 to 2.5+/-0.3 pg/mg tissue). Intrarenal ACE activity was increased in nonclipped kidneys but was unaltered in clipped kidneys. An angiotensin receptor antagonist (olmesartan medoxomil) given into the renal artery markedly restored RPF, and dilated both afferent and efferent arterioles (using intravital videomicroscopy). Furthermore, in clipped kidneys, the elevated Ang II was suppressed by a chymase inhibitor, chymostatin (from 2.1+/-0.6 to 0.8+/-0.1 pg/mg tissue; P<0.05), but not by cilazaprilat. In nonclipped kidneys, in contrast, cilazaprilat, but not chymostatin, potently inhibited the intrarenal Ang II generation (from 2.4+/-0.3 to 1.5+/-0.2 pg/mg tissue; P<0.05). Finally, [Pro11-D-Ala12]Ang I (an inactive precursor that yields Ang II by chymase but not by ACE; 1 to 50 nmol/kg) markedly elevated intrarenal Ang II in clipped, but not in nonclipped, kidneys. In conclusion, renal Ang II contents were elevated in both clipped and nonclipped kidneys, which contributed to the altered renal hemodynamics and microvascular tone. Furthermore, the mechanisms for intrarenal Ang II generation differ, and chymase activity is enhanced in clipped kidneys, whereas ACE-mediated Ang II generation is possibly responsible for elevated Ang II contents in nonclipped kidneys.
Support Vector Regression (2024)

Chapter 9 presents support vector regression (SVR), a relatively newer supervised learning algorithm for predictive regression modeling, which – like random forests for regression – also may outperform the least-squares-based methods. Discussed is ε-insensitive loss used by SVR, the ε-tube concept, as well as algorithms for linear and nonlinear SVRs.
Effects of Dietary Macronutrients on Appetite-Related Hormones in Blood on Body Composition of Lean and Obese Rats (2006)

Investigating the role of appetite-related hormones on energy balance and body composition when varying diets are consumed could provide insight into the etiology of obesity. Fifty-three adult male Sprague Dawley and 30 adult male Zucker Fatty rats were assigned randomly to one of five diets: Control, 75% control, American Heart Association (AHA), Atkins, or high fat (HF). Diets were fed for five weeks. Weekly plasma samples were collected and analyzed for ghrelin, leptin, insulin, and adiponectin. Terminal plasma samples were analyzed for ghrelin, leptin, insulin, glucagon, oxyntomodulin, adiponectin, and blood metabolites. Our results indicate that macronutrient composition of the diet influences appetite-related hormones differently in genetically divergent rats. For example, glucagon concentration was higher in obese rats fed the Atkins diet in comparison to obese rats fed the HF and 75% control diets (P<0.05) and tended to be higher in obese rats fed the Atkins diet in comparison with rats fed the AHA and control diets (0.06
Microfabrication of Biocompatible Stimulation Electrode Arrays for Cochlear Implants (2006)

A proof of concept to microfabricate an electrode array suitable for use with cochlear implants was successfully manufactured and tested. Thirty microns of photoimageable polyimide was used as a flexible substrate. The array was inserted 20mm into an artificial cochlea filled with a saline and soap solution that simulates intracochlear fluid and hyaluronic acid (used as a lubricant), which is comparable to the performance of current manufactured products.
An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks (2003)

In this paper we describe T-MAC, a contention-based Medium Access Control protocol for wireless sensor networks. Applications for these networks have some characteristics (low message rate, insensitivity to latency) that can be exploited to reduce energy consumption by introducing an activesleep duty cycle. To handle load variations in time and location T-MAC introduces an adaptive duty cycle in a novel way: by dynamically ending the active part of it. This reduces the amount of energy wasted on idle listening, in which nodes wait for potentially incoming messages, while still maintaining a reasonable throughput.We discuss the design of T-MAC, and provide a head-to-head comparison with classic CSMA (no duty cycle) and S-MAC (fixed duty cycle) through extensive simulations. Under homogeneous load, T-MAC and S-MAC achieve similar reductions in energy consumption (up to 98%) compared to CSMA. In a sample scenario with variable load, however, T-MAC outperforms S-MAC by a factor of 5. Preliminary energy-consumption measurements provide insight into the internal workings of the T-MAC protocol.
Nd-YAG laser-induced injury in dog myocardium: optical and ultrastructural study of early lesions (1987)

To characterize myocardial lesions induced by Nd-YAG laser in vivo, laser pulses were delivered on the epicardial surface of beating dog hearts. Acute lesions were studied at the optical and ultrastructural levels. The size of the lesions depended on the power of the laser beam. Tissue vaporization could be avoided if total delivered energy did not exceed 350 J. Laser energy induced different types of myocardial necrosis distributed in concentric layers of coagulation necrosis, and contraction band necrosis. Thus, laser energy can produce controlled irreversible lesions without crater formation. These effects may be of use in the treatment of arrhythmias.
Enhancing tactile sensation in older adults with electrical noise stimulation (2002)

Older adults often suffer from diminished somatosensation stemming from age-related neuropathy. Recently, localized low-level electrical noise stimulation was shown to enhance tactile sensitivity in healthy young subjects. Here, we hypothesized that fine-touch sensitivity in older adults can be similarly improved. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments were used to evaluate fine-touch sensitivity on the first metatarsal phalangeal joint with four electrical stimulus conditions and a null (no-noise) condition in nine healthy elderly subjects. Electrical noise stimulation resulted in a statistically significant increase in the number of detections below the null-condition detection threshold, for five of the nine subjects, as well as across the entire population. This work suggests that electrical noise-based techniques may enable people to overcome functional difficulties due to age-related sensory loss.
DNA Sequence is Critically Involved in the Compact Assembly of Chromatin Arrays (2022)

Abstract The organization of the nucleosome array is a critical component of chromatin assembly as well as its function. Here we investigated the contribution of DNA sequence and internucleosomal interactions to the organization of nucleosomal arrays using Atomic Force Microscopy. We assembled nucleosomes on DNA substrates allowing for the formation of tetranucleosomes. We found that nucleosomes are capable of forming constructs with no discernible space between them, even in the case of dinucleosomes. Simulated assembly of tetranucleosomes by random placement revealed that array compaction is promoted by internucleosomal interactions. We developed a theoretical model to account for the role of DNA sequence and internucleosomal interactions in the formation of nucleosome structures. These findings suggest that the affinity of nucleosomes to the DNA sequence and the strengths of internucleosomal interactions are the two major factors defining the compactness of chromatin.
Bulk Crystals to Surfaces:  Combining X-ray Diffraction and Atomic Force Microscopy to Probe the Structure and Formation of Crystal Interfaces (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBulk Crystals to Surfaces: Combining X-ray Diffraction and Atomic Force Microscopy to Probe the Structure and Formation of Crystal InterfacesMichael D. WardView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Amundson Hall, 421 Washington Avenue, Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 6, 1697–1726Publication Date (Web):April 10, 2001Publication History Received10 August 2000Published online10 April 2001Published inissue 1 June 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr000020jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr000020jresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2399Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Crystallization,Crystals,Lattices,Nucleation Get e-Alerts
New horizon of HUTOP production technologies: human sensory factors in total production life cycle (2004)

The goal of HUTOP project is to rearrange the technical subjects inherent in the Total Production Life Cycle (TPLC) and to model a new human-centered TPLC by introducing new information technologies (IT) which could support and enhance the KANSEI human sensory factors. HUTOP concept will be described again in this paper through the analysis of the basic research sub-themes in order to investigate the next international activities. Second phase of HUTOP was designed as HUTOP-II, and HUTOP-II research activities are now on going.
Optical scattering in camera-based electronic portal imaging (1999)

An investigation of scintillation light scattering within camera-based electronic portal imaging devices is presented. A simple analytical scatter model is adapted for the precise geometries of two different camera-based imaging systems and the results of modelling and experimental measurements are compared. The results of the study strongly suggest that the main source of optical scattering is multiple reflection between the scintillation screen and 45 degree mirror in both systems. The scattered light has a highly non-uniform distribution, which is strongly dependent upon field size. For large radiation fields the scatter contribution can be over 20% of the primary signal scintillation light intensity in the centre of the field. A purely optical method of removing the scattered light signal using a louvre grid on the surface of the scintillation screen is then presented and experimentally demonstrated to be effective.
Fracture model of brittle and quasibrittle materials and geomedia (2013)

A general model and a unified mathematical formalism are proposed for description of inelastic deformation and fracture of any solids, where brittle or plastic, as their evolution in effective force fields. Loaded solids and media are considered as nonlinear dynamic systems. One of the main tasks of the work is to show that if deformation and fracture of a strong medium is treated as its evolution in effective force fields, numerical solutions of equations of solid mechanics do demonstrate the fundamental properties of nonlinear dynamic systems—self-organized criticality and two-stage evolution (a rather slow quasistationary stage and a superfast catastrophic stage or a blowup mode). The model is tested by simulation of fracture of quasibrittle composites under axial compression. Calculations are also presented for the now developing tectonic flows and seismic processes in Central Asia, including the Baikal rift zone and the Altai-Sayany folded region. It is shown that numerical solutions of all examined problems of inelastic deformation and fracture demonstrate self-organized criticality of loaded media, including peculiarities of slow dynamics and spatial-temporal migration of deformation activity, and as well as two-stage fracture: comparatively slow quasi-equilibrium damage accumulation and superfast catastrophic fracture. The predicted seismic events obey the Gutenberg-Richter law.