gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An intensive screening program detected high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis B virus carriers (HBVC) with abnormal alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) or abdominal ultrasongraphy (AUS) (2004)

4002 Background: Screening holds the promise to early detection and treatment of HCC. However, the efficacy in terms of decreasing disease-specific mortality and its cost-effectiveness remain controversial. Intensity of screening and selection of target patient group contribute to the success of such program. In this study we subjected hepatitis B virus carriers (HBVC) with at least 1 abnormal AFP or AUS to an intensive screening program and determine their prevalence and incidence of HCC. Methods: Enrollment criteria: age 40–70 years, HBsAg positive, Child-Pugh Liver Classification A or B. All patients were screened by serum AFP and AUS at enrollment. Patients with either AFP>20ng/dl or abnormal AUS were enrolled to an intensive program that screened patient with one or more hepatic angiogram plus lipiodol CT scan, followed by AFP/AUS every 3 months for 2 years then every 6 months. Patients with normal AFP/AUS were followed with AFP every 6 months and AUS repeated at the end of 2 years. Histology is the gold standard for diagnosis of HCC. Results: Between 10/97 and 11/00 we screened 1018 patients (m:f 688:330; mean age 48.4) and enrolled 171 patients (AFP+/AUS- 126; AFP-/AUS+ 38; AFP+/AUS+ 7) to the intensive screening program. After a median follow-up of 4.4 years we detected 47 HCCs (15 at enrollment and 32 during follow-up), giving a prevalence of 1473/100,000 (95%CI 858 to 2477 per 100,000) and annual incidence of 794/100,000 (95% CI 562 to 1122 per 100,000). 9 HCC were detected from 847 pts with normal AFP/AUS over 2 years giving an incidence of 223/100,000 (95% CI 116 to 429 per 100,000). Surgical resection: 17 cases. Main reasons for inoperability: poor liver function and multi-centric disease. Conclusion: An intensive screening program detects a high prevalence and incidence of HCC in HBVC with at least one abnormal AFP or AUS. Incidence of HCC is significantly lower in the population with normal screening AFP and AUS for 2 years. Survival data will be available for presentation. We acknowledge the Hong Kong Cancer Fund for support towards this project. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Space Ants: Episode II – Coordinating Connected Catoms (2022)

International audience
Clausura de la Reunión (1976)

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New method of multy-mode oscillations control in crystal resonators (2012)

In resonators of standard construction of SC-cut motional resistance of temperature sensitive mode B is commensurable with motional resistance of main mode C that creates danger of oscillator excitation on mode B. In given work in-depth analysis of oscillation excitation in dual-rotated crystal cuts is provided. It is shown that standard central layout of electrodes for SC-cut resonators is not optimal. Results of calculations of motional resistance of the C and B modes of oscillations for standard (central) and displaced excitation electrodes are resulted. It is shown that at the correct choice of electrodes layout it is possible to change a ratio of modes resistances considerably that allows providing reliable excitation of main mode C.
Adaptive subcarrier selection for mitigating Bluetooth interference in OFDM-based wireless LANS operating at 2.4 ghz (2003)

IEEE 802.11g WLANs operating at 2.4 GHz face interference from Bluetooth which also uses the same frequency. IEEE 802.11g is an orthogonal frequency divison multiplexing (OFDM) based WLAN standard. Adaptive subcarrier selection (ASuS) involves using feedback from the receiver to dynamically allocate subcarriers for OFDM transmission. This paper proposes a method to avoid Bluetooth interference using ASuS. By adaptively choosing subcarriers for OFDM transmission, the frequencies used by Bluetooth can be avoided. Power level deviations in small groups of contiguous subcarriers with respect to other subcarriers in an OFDM symbol can be used as an indication of Bluetooth interference. Simulations show that as compared to the conventional OFDM technique, adaptive subcarrier selection results in significant reduction in the packet error rate.
Extreme Snow Events along the Coast of the Northeast United States: Analysis of Observations and HiRAM Simulations (2019)

Abstract This study used both observations and global climate model simulations to investigate the characteristics of winter extreme snowfall events along the coast (the Interstate 95 corridor) of the northeast United States where several mega-cities are located. Observational analyses indicate that, during 1980–2015, 110 events occurred when four coastal cities—Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C.—had either individually or collectively experienced daily snowfall exceeding the local 95th percentile thresholds. Boston had the most events, with a total of 69, followed by 40, 36, and 30 (moving southward) in the other three cities. The associated circulations at 200 and 850 hPa were categorized via K-means clustering. The resulting three composite circulations are characterized by the strength and location of the jet at 200 hPa and the coupled low pressure system at 850 hPa: a strong jet overlying the cities coupled with an inland trough, a weak and slightly southward shifted jet coupled with a cyclone at the coast, and a weak jet stream situated to the south of the cities coupled with a cyclone over the coastal oceans. Comparative analyses were also conducted using the GFDL High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) simulation of the same period. Although the simulated extreme events do not provide one-to-one correspondence with observations, the characteristics nevertheless show consistency notably in total number of occurrences, intraseasonal and multiple-year variations, snow spatial coverage, and the associated circulation patterns. Possible future change in extreme snow events was also explored utilizing the HiRAM RCP8.5 (2075–2100) simulation. The analyses suggest that a warming global climate tends to decrease the extreme snowfall events but increase extreme rainfall events.
A Decentralized and Scalable Model for Resource Discovery in IoT Network (2019)

The growing number of communicating devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) network requires an efficient resource discovery scheme without relying on centralized entity that may turn into a bottleneck affecting the system efficiency. In this paper we propose a distributed model for resource discovery in IoT. The model is based on structured peer-to-peer (p2p) scheme and follows the general system trend of fog computing. It supports multi-attribute queries and utilizes a Distributed Hash Table (DHT) as an overlay to organize the discovery process in a distributed manner. A specific method for identifier generation has been introduced to ensure the privacy of objects. Additionally, an address propagation model in the system reduces the overhead in the network by allowing the local lookup instead of global lookup for pre-connected objects. Our preliminary evaluation shows that the proposed model has a lower latency comparing to the cloud based resource discovery.
Edeine. III. Composition of the antibiotic peptide edeine B (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEdeine. III. Composition of the antibiotic peptide edeine BThomas P. Hettinger, Zofia. Kurylo-Borowska, and Lyman C. CraigCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 12, 4153–4160Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00852a002https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00852a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sources of intramitochondrial malate (1989)

Liver mitochondria from rats treated with gluconeogenic hormones or subjected to vigorous exercise consume oxygen more rapidly than do mitochondria from control rats. These treatments result in elevated mitochondrial malate concentrations, which facilitate the entry of added substrate into the mitochondria. In this paper we describe experiments conducted to determine the source of the extra malate. Injections of glutamate plus alanine, two amino acids that are increased in blood after exercise and hormone treatment, caused liver mitochondrial malate to be increased. Injections of glucagon, cortisol, or both hormones elevated liver mitochondrial malate concentrations in both adrenalectomized and sham-operated rats.
The influence of phenelzine and tranylcypromine on the release of prostaglandins from the rat mesenteric vascular bed (1988)

We investigated the effects of phenelzine and tranylcypromine on the release of prostacyclin, thromboxane A2, prostaglandin E2, and prostaglandin E1 from the isolated perfused rat mesenteric vascular bed. Perfusion of the preparation with phenelzine in concentrations of 15, 45, and 135 microM for 150 min led to attenuated release of all four prostaglandins measured. Inhibition generally occurred with the lowest dose used and was most prominent with the highest concentration. Tranylcypromine also decreased prostaglandin formation. However, low doses were not effective in the suppression of prostacyclin release. Both drugs had an inhibitory effect on production of prostaglandin E1, which is a metabolite of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, the precursor of arachidonic acid, but this was only shown to be significant with phenelzine. In this work we demonstrate that phenelzine and tranylcypromine have an inhibitory effect on the production of 2-series prostaglandins derived from arachidonic acid, and possibly a similar effect on prostaglandins of the 1-series derived from dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid.
The Importance of Encoding Versus Training with Sparse Coding and Vector Quantization (2011)

While vector quantization (VQ) has been applied widely to generate features for visual recognition problems, much recent work has focused on more powerful methods. In particular, sparse coding has emerged as a strong alternative to traditional VQ approaches and has been shown to achieve consistently higher performance on benchmark datasets. Both approaches can be split into a training phase, where the system learns a dictionary of basis functions, and an encoding phase, where the dictionary is used to extract features from new inputs. In this work, we investigate the reasons for the success of sparse coding over VQ by decoupling these phases, allowing us to separate out the contributions of training and encoding in a controlled way. Through extensive experiments on CIFAR, NORB and Caltech 101 datasets, we compare several training and encoding schemes, including sparse coding and a form of VQ with a soft threshold activation function. Our results show not only that we can use fast VQ algorithms for training, but that we can just as well use randomly chosen exemplars from the training set. Rather than spend resources on training, we find it is more important to choose a good encoder—which can often be a simple feed forward non-linearity. Our results include state-of-the-art performance on both CIFAR and NORB.
An Interdisciplinary Documentation Performance Improvement Project (2004)

An Interdisciplinary Documentation Performance Improvement Task Force was created to evaluate and revise the documentation system at an academic medical center. The primary goal of the documentation project was to establish a standardized documentation system that reflected interdisciplinary planning of care for all of the organization's inpatient populations. This article identifies the process used to revise and implement an interdisciplinary documentation system. Project implementation and outcomes as well as recommendations and future initiatives are included.
Antichagasic Activity of Komaroviquinone Is Due to Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species Catalyzed by Trypanosoma cruzi Old Yellow Enzyme (2005)

A novel potent trypanocidal diterpene, komaroviquinone, was reduced by Trypanosoma cruzi old yellow enzyme (TcOYE) to its semiquinone radical. The reductase activity in trypanosome lysates was completely immunoabsorbed by anti-TcOYE antibody. Since TcOYE is expressed throughout the T. cruzi life cycle, komaroviquinone is an interesting candidate for developing new antichagasic drugs.
Protein Quantitation Using Mass Spectrometry (2010)

Mass spectrometry is a method of choice for quantifying low-abundance proteins and peptides in many biological studies. Here, we describe a range of computational aspects of protein and peptide quantitation, including methods for finding and integrating mass spectrometric peptide peaks, and detecting interference to obtain a robust measure of the amount of proteins present in samples.
URINARY NITRATE EXCRETION IS A NONINVASIVE INDICATOR OF ACUTE CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT REJECTION AND NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION IN THE RAT (1994)

Cytokine induction of calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase is associated with production of large amounts of nitric oxide (NO). NO is a free radical that is rapidly degraded to nitrite and nitrate. Measurement of plasma and urinary nitrate is an indirect marker of NO production and previous studies have demonstrated that plasma nitrate rises with allograft rejection. The purpose of this study was to examine the temporal relationship between the rise in urinary nitrate excretion and the onset of graft rejection, and to determine the effect of conventional immunosuppression on nitrate excretion. The heterotropic model of cardiac transplantation in the rat was used, with Brown-Norway to Lewis allografts and Lewis to Lewis isograft controls. Twenty-four-hour urine specimens were collected before and after transplantation. Urinary nitrate excretion was measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Each group was treated with (1) no immunosuppression, (2) dexamethasone (3 mg/kg), or (3) CsA (10 mg/kg) on days 0, 1, and 2. Time to rejection for untreated allografts was 5.1 +/- 0.1 days, extending to 8.4 +/- 0.5 and 9.6 +/- 0.4 days with dexamethasone and CsA treatment, respectively. There was a significant rise in nitrate excretion on days 4, 7, and 9 for control, dexamethasone-treated, and CsA-treated allografts, respectively, preceding evidence of rejection. Untreated allograft rejection was associated with a peak in nitrate excretion 8 times that of basal excretion by isografts. Treatment of the allografts with dexamethasone and CsA significantly attenuated peak nitrate excretion compared with untreated allografts with a only a 2- to 3-fold rise preceding rejection. Results indicate that allograft rejection is associated with a dramatic increase in peak urinary nitrate excretion that is attenuated by standard immunosuppressive therapy. An increase in nitrate excretion precedes evidence of graft rejection, and may serve as a noninvasive marker of graft rejection.
Characterization of extracellular vesicles produced by Aspergillus fumigatus protoplasts (2020)

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are outer membranous compartments produced by yeast and mycelial forms of several fungal species. One of the difficulties to perceive the role of EVs during the fungal life is the fact that an active secretion of these EVs has not been clearly demonstrated in situ due to the presence of a thick cell wall. One alternative to have a better access to these vesicles is to use protoplasts. This approach has been investigated here with Aspergillus fumigatus , one of the most common opportunistic fungal pathogens worldwide. Analysis of regenerating protoplasts by scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy indicated the occurrence of outer membrane projections in association with surface components and the release of particles with properties resembling those of fungal EVs. EVs in culture supernatants were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Proteomic and glycome analysis of EVs revealed the presence of a complex array of enzymes related to lipid / sugar metabolism, pathogenic processes, and cell wall biosynthesis. Our data indicate that i) EV production is a common feature of different morphological stages of this major fungal pathogen, and ii) protoplastic EVs are a promising tool to undertake studies of vesicle functions in fungal cells. IMPORTANCE Fungal cells use extracellular vesicles (EVs) to export biologically active molecules to the outer space. Since fungal cells are encaged in a thick cell wall, it is reasonable to expect that this structure might impact the vesicle-mediated molecular export. In this study, we used protoplasts of Aspergillus fumigatus , a major fungal pathogen, as a model to evaluate EV production in the absence of a cell wall. Our results demonstrated that wall-less A. fumigatus exports plasma membrane-derived EVs containing a complex combination of proteins and glycans. Our study is the first to characterize fungal EVs in the absence of a cell wall. Our results suggest that protoplasts are a promising model for functional studies of fungal vesicles.
Learning Stable Classifiers by Transferring Unstable Features (2021)

While unbiased machine learning models are essential for many applications, bias is a human-defined concept that can vary across tasks. Given only input-label pairs, algorithms may lack sufficient information to distinguish stable (causal) features from unstable (spurious) features. However, related tasks often share similar biases -- an observation we may leverage to develop stable classifiers in the transfer setting. In this work, we explicitly inform the target classifier about unstable features in the source tasks. Specifically, we derive a representation that encodes the unstable features by contrasting different data environments in the source task. We achieve robustness by clustering data of the target task according to this representation and minimizing the worst-case risk across these clusters. We evaluate our method on both text and image classifications. Empirical results demonstrate that our algorithm is able to maintain robustness on the target task for both synthetically generated environments and real-world environments. Our code is available at https://github.com/YujiaBao/Tofu.
Thromboxane A2in Vasotonic Angina Pectoris (1981)

Thromboxane A2 (TxA2), an arachidonic acid metabolite causing vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation, is a putative mediator of coronary-artery vasospasm. To determine whether platelet-released TxA2 causes coronary arterial vasospasm, we measured plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2, the inactive hydration product of TxA2) in the radial-artery and coronary-sinus blood of seven patients and performed therapeutic trials of antiplatelet agents in nine. Although coronary-sinus TxB2 levels rose from the base line approximately fivefold with spontaneous ischemia, samples drawn early in ischemia showed no rise over base-line values. Although a 150 mg dose of aspirin reduced urinary dinor-TxB2 levels by over 75 per cent, it had no effect on the course of the chronic recurrent form of angina pectoris due to vasospasm ("vasotonic angina"). Similarly, indomethacin had no effect on the frequency or duration of ischemia. TxA2 is unlikely to cause vasotonic angina, but it may be released during coronary vasospasm.
Charge-Carrier Dynamics in Nitrogen-Doped TiO2 Powder Studied by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (2011)

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) is one of the most promising and widely investigated visible-light-responsive semiconductor photocatalysts. Femtosecond time-resolved diffuse reflectance (TDR) spectroscopy was employed under weak excitation conditions to clarify the charge-separation and trapping dynamics in N-TiO2 powder, which exhibits high activity for photocatalytic oxidation under visible light. TDR spectra of N-TiO2 after 360 nm light excitation (Ti 3d ← O 2p transition) revealed that the surface-trapped electrons and holes were generated immediately after excitation, similar to that for TiO2, and the population of surface-trapped electrons decreased more than that for TiO2 due to deep trapping by additionally induced oxygen vacancies. The dependence of trapping dynamics on the N concentration is discussed with respect to the diffusion coefficient of electrons. TDR spectra of N-TiO2 after 450 nm light excitation (Ti 3d ← N 2p transition) clearly indicated the generation of charge carriers. Compared with the 360 nm excitation, two differences of time evolution were detected: the significant decrease just after excitation and the deep trapping of electrons within 1 ps (time resolution). Possible mechanisms for the dependence of the charge-carrier dynamics in N-TiO2 on the excitation wavelength are discussed.
Does allergy begin in utero? (2015)

It has been recognized for centuries that allergic disease runs in families, implying a role for genetic factors in determining individual susceptibility. More recently, a range of evidence shows that many of these genetic factors, together with in utero environmental exposures, lead to the development of allergic disease through altered immune and organ development. Environmental exposures during pregnancy including diet, nutrient intake and toxin exposures can alter the epigenome and interact with inherited genetic and epigenetic risk factors to directly and indirectly influence organ development and immune programming. Understanding of these factors will be essential in identifying at-risk individuals and possible development of therapeutic interventions for the primary prevention of allergic disease. In this review, we summarize the evidence that suggests allergic disease begins in utero, together with possible mechanisms for the effect of environmental exposures during pregnancy on allergic disease risk, including epigenetics.