gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two methods for display of high contrast images (1999)

High contrast images are common in night scenes and other scenes that include dark shadows and bright light sources. These scenes are difficult to display because their contrasts greatly exceed the range of most display devices for images. As a result, the image constrasts are compressed or truncated, obscuring subtle textures and details. Humans view and understand high contrast scenes easily, “adapting” their visual response to avoid compression or truncation with no apparent loss of detail. By imitating some of these visual adaptation processes, we developed methods for the improved display of high-contrast images. The first builds a display image from several layers of lighting and surface properties. Only the lighting layers are compressed, drastically reducing contrast while preserving much of the image detail. This method is practical only for synthetic images where the layers can be retained from the rendering process. The second method interactively adjusts the displayed image to preserve local contrasts in a small “foveal” neighborhood. Unlike the first method, this technique is usable on any image and includes a new tone reproduction operator. Both methods use a sigmoid function for contrast compression. This function has no effect when applied to small signals but compresses large signals to fit within an asymptotic limit. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these approaches by comparing processed and unprocessed images.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodextrin Drug Carrier Systems (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Magnetoencephalographic Validation Parameters for Clinical Evaluation of Interictal Epileptic Activity (2003)

The authors demonstrate that the confidence volume (the spatial volume that encompasses the 95% probability of source localization) of the single equivalent current dipole is helpful in validating magnetoencephalographic epileptic spike mapping. Such mapping involves distinguishing spikes from other neuronal events. The usual criteria for validating dipole fit reliability involve four parameters-correlation coefficient (R > or =0.98), goodness of fit (> or =0.95), root mean square magnetic field value (>400 fT), and dipole moment (Q value > 200 nAm)-but other parameters (direction of dipole moment, location of dipole, and confidence volume) can be considered. In 21 patients with epilepsy, the average correlation coefficient for 608 epileptic spikes was 0.99; average goodness of fit, 0.98; average root mean square, 1,198 fT; and the average Q value, 370 nAm. The mean average confidence volume was 0.30 +/- 0.27 cm3. Correlation coefficient values for quiet brain activity were less than 0.90; goodness of fit values, less than 0.85; and confidence volumes were large (>5 cm3); and for noise runs (no subject) they were even larger (>100 cm3), although correlation coefficient values were more than 0.80 and goodness of fit values were more than 0.85. Confidence volumes for noise data are large-for background brain activity even larger-but confidence volumes for epileptic spikes are small. Confidence volume, in conjunction with other parameters, may be a robust parameter for spike selection.
Intersession Test–Retest Variability of Microperimetry in Type 2 Macular Telangiectasia (2017)

Our results have implications for the design of clinical trials in mactel.
H.V.E.M. observation of the nucleation of martensite in stainless steel (1978)

INTRODUCTION The mechanisms involved in the formation of martensite nucleii are still uncertain despite extensive investigations. Earlier work (e.g. Kelly and Nutting, 1961; Mangonon and Thomas, 1970; Fujita and Ueda, 1972) had suggested that stacking faults are important in the formation of ε martensite. Mechanisms have been proposed to account for the fact that α martensite can be formed at the intersection of faulted Regions (Bogers and Burgers, 1964) and for the formation of ε martensite from 1/6&lt;112&gt; partials ( Mahajan et al. 1977). In an attempt to remove the uncertainties we have observed directly the formation of ε and α martensites in stainless steels both during in situ deformation and during cooling. EXPERIMENTAL High purity low carbon stainless steel of various compositions which transform to a martensite and ε martensite (with c/a less than ideal), produced by induction melting under argon, were rolled down into tfiin sheets suitable for preparing electron microscope specimens. These were then annealed to reduce the dislocation density.
Energy recovery clocking scheme and flip-flops for ultra low-energy applications (2003)

A significant fraction of the total power in highly synchronous systems is dissipated over clock networks. Hence, low-power clocking schemes would be promising approaches for future designs. We propose four novel energy recovery flip-flops that enable energy recovery from the clock network, resulting in significant energy savings. The proposed flip-flops operate with a single-phase sinusoidal clock, which can be generated with high efficiency. Based on the simulation results using TSMC 0.25mm CMOS process technology, at a frequency of 200MHz, the proposed flip-flops exhibit more than 80% delay reduction, power reduction of up to 46%, and area reduction of up to 77%, as compared to the conventional energy recovery flip-flop. We implemented 1024 proposed energy recovery flip-flops through an H-tree clock network driven by a resonant clock-generator that generates a sinusoidal clock. Results show a power reduction of 90% on the clock-tree and total power savings of up to 83% as compared to the same implementation using the conventional square-wave clocking scheme and flip-flops.
A Simplified Model of Corn Growth under Moisture Stress (1977)

ABSTRACT A mathematical model was developed to simulate the environmental and physiological processes involved in the growth of corn. Grain yields were ac-curately predicted even where inadequate irrigation caused decreased yield. Some predictions of crop growth patterns indicated that all of the dynamics of crop growth are not yet modeled in sufficient detail. How-ever, the accuracy of growth trends in general indi-cate that the model has considerable predictive power.
Smart CloudMonitor - Providing Visibility into Performance of Black-Box Clouds (2014)

Migration to the cloud offers several benefits including reduced operational costs, flexibility, scalability, and a greater focus on business goals, but it also has a flip side reduced visibility. Organizations only have a blackbox view of cloud servers and while pricing and specification information is publicly available, there is limited information about cloud performance. This necessitates the need for tools that can provide greater visibility into cloud insfrastructure performance so that consumers can objectively compare and contrast the offerings from different providers. Smart CloudBench [1][2][3] is a system that allows users to run automated, ondemand, real-time and customized benchmark tests on cloud infrastructure. In this paper, we present Smart CloudMonitor - a performance monitoring tool that provides multi-layer performance monitoring capabilities to Smart CloudBench. It provides greater visibility and insight into cloud performance by monitoring both application performance as well as the corresponding resource consumption. Experiments conducted on cloud infrastructure using Smart CloudBench show the add value that Smart CloudMonitor provides to the process of cloud performance evaluation.
Optical Fiber‐Based Core–Shell Coaxially Structured Hybrid Cells for Self‐Powered Nanosystems (2012)

An optical fiber-based 3D hybrid cell consisting of a coaxially structured dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and a nanogenerator (NG) for simultaneously or independently harvesting solar and mechanical energy is demonstrated. The current output of the hybrid cell is dominated by the DSSC, and the voltage output is dominated by the NG; these can be utilized complementarily for different applications. The output of the hybrid cell is about 7.65 μA current and 3.3 V voltage, which is strong enough to power nanodevices and even commercial electronic components.
Structure and properties of nanostructures from polyelectrolytes and porphyrins: Self-Assembly in aqueous solution (2011)

In this work self-assembling model systems in aqueous solution were studied. The systems contained charged polymers, polyelectrolytes, that were combined with oppositely charged counterions to build up supramolecular structures. With imaging, scattering and spectroscopic techniques it was investigated how the structure of building units influences the structure of their assemblies. Polyelectrolytes with different chemical structure, molecular weight and morphology were investigated. In addition to linear polyelectrolytes, semi-flexible cylindrical bottle-brush polymers that possess a defined cross-section and a relatively high persistence along the backbone were studied. The polyelectrolytes were combined with \nstructural organic counterions having charge numbers one to four. Especially the self-assembly of polyelectrolytes with different tetravalent water-soluble porphyrins was studied. Porphyrins have a rigid aromatic structure that has a structural effect on their self-assembly behavior and through which porphyrins are capable of self-aggregation via π-π interaction. The main focus of the thesis is the self-assembly of cylindrical bottle-brush polyelectrolytes with tetravalent porphyrins. It was shown that the addition of porphyrins to oppositely charged brush molecules induces a hierarchical formation of stable nanoscale brush-porphyrin networks. The networks can be disconnected by addition of salt and single porphyrin-decoratedrncylindrical brush polymers are obtained. These two new morphologies, brush-porphyrin networks and porphyrin-decorated brush polymers, may have potential as functional materials with interesting mechanical and optical properties.
A Benchmark for Endoluminal Scene Segmentation of Colonoscopy Images (2016)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third cause of cancer death worldwide. Currently, the standard approach to reduce CRC-related mortality is to perform regular screening in search for polyps and colonoscopy is the screening tool of choice. The main limitations of this screening procedure are polyp miss-rate and inability to perform visual assessment of polyp malignancy. These drawbacks can be reduced by designing Decision Support Systems (DSS) aiming to help clinicians in the different stages of the procedure by providing endoluminal scene segmentation. Thus, in this paper, we introduce an extended benchmark of colonoscopy image, with the hope of establishing a new strong benchmark for colonoscopy image analysis research. We provide new baselines on this dataset by training standard fully convolutional networks (FCN) for semantic segmentation and significantly outperforming, without any further post-processing, prior results in endoluminal scene segmentation.
Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends, Figures 1 - 9, Tables 1 - 8 from Multiclonality and Marked Branched Evolution of Low-Grade Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends, Figures 1 - 9, Tables 1 - 8 from Multiclonality and Marked Branched Evolution of Low-Grade Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma
Comparative Evaluation of Differentiation Potential of Menstrual Blood- Versus Bone Marrow- Derived Stem Cells into Hepatocyte-Like Cells (2014)

Menstrual blood has been introduced as an easily accessible and refreshing stem cell source with no ethical consideration. Although recent works have shown that menstrual blood stem cells (MenSCs) possess multi lineage differentiation capacity, their efficiency of hepatic differentiation in comparison to other stem cell resources has not been addressed so far. The aim of this study was to investigate hepatic differentiation capacity of MenSCs compared to bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) under protocols developed by different concentrations of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and oncostatin M (OSM) in combination with other components in serum supplemented or serum-free culture media. Such comparison was made after assessment of immunophenotye, trans-differentiation potential, immunogenicity and tumorigeicity of these cell types. The differential expression of mature hepatocyte markers such as albumin (ALB), cytokeratin 18 (CK-18), tyrosine aminotransferase and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activities (CYP7A1) at both mRNA and protein levels in differentiating MenSCs was significantly higher in upper concentration of HGF and OSM (P1) compared to lower concentration of these factors (P2). Moreover, omission of serum during differentiation process (P3) caused typical improvement in functions assigned to hepatocytes in differentiated MenSCs. While up-regulation level of ALB and CYP7A1 was higher in differentiated MenSCs compared to driven BMSCs, expression level of CK-18, detected level of produced ALB and glycogen accumulation were lower or not significantly different. Therefore, based on the overall comparable hepatic differentiation ability of MenSCs with BMSCs, and also accessibility, refreshing nature and lack of ethical issues of MenSCs, these cells could be suggested as an apt and safe alternative to BMSCs for future stem cell therapy of chronic liver diseases.
A Comparison of the Bimolecular and Intramolecular Nucleophilic Catalysis of the Hydrolysis of Substituted Phenyl Acylates by the Dimethylamino Group (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Comparison of the Bimolecular and Intramolecular Nucleophilic Catalysis of the Hydrolysis of Substituted Phenyl Acylates by the Dimethylamino GroupThomas C. Bruice and Stephen J. BenkovicCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 1, 1–8Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00884a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00884a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views829Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Engineering the complete MANOS-type NVM stack for best in class retention performance (2009)

We demonstrate best in class performance for MANOS-type charge-trap flash non-volatile memory devices through improved program/erase (P/E), endurance and retention. Band-engineered (BE) tunnel-oxides (TO) and BE-SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> charge-trap layers are employed to optimize program, erase, and endurance with trade-off in retention. However, for the 1st time we combine BE-TO, BE-SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> , BE-blocking layer (BE-BL) and an oxygen-bearing high effective-work-function (EWF) electrode to dramatically improve retention while maintaining the combined benefits from the engineering of each individual stack component. Resulting device improvements include larger ¿Vth P/E windows of > 300%, enduring P/E cycles to at least 100 K cycles while maintaining a window > 4 V, and retention approaching zero% charge loss over 24 hours at 150°C. The large, enduring windows with improved retention are favorable for multi-level cell application beyond the 30 nm node.
From simple Ugi adducts to indanes and amidomalonates: new manganese (III) induced radical cascades (2007)

International audience
SFGP 2007 - Investigation of a Novel Principle of Chemical Grafting for Modification of Cellulose Fibers (2008)

Natural cellulose fibres have been employed for packaging applications for a long time. Their use, however, has been hampered by their high hydrophilicity and their moisture sensitivity. It has, thus, been proposed to circumvent this problem through the hydrophobic modification of their surface thanks to the use of molecular grafting approaches.In this work, we describe the use of a novel solvent-free chemical pathway for molecular grafting that we have coined chromatogenic chemistry. It involves a reaction between a solid substrate and a reagent which is in a vapour-liquid equilibrium and diffuses within the solid substrate through a mechanism of adsorption/desorption akin to gas chromatography.Chromatogenic chemistry phenomenon has been studied and modelled through the extensive use of a new specific test, the Droplet Surface Migration Test. It involves the deposition upon a porous substrate of a small amount of reagent and in studying its subsequent migration and grafting. Whatman paper and various long chain acid chlorides were used for this modelling. The acid chloride carboxylic ends react with the external hydroxyl groups of cellulose fibres to give rise to the formation of long chain hydrophobic ester bonds. Upon immersion of the paper sheet in distilled water, a hydrophobic spot, extending well over the initial depot zone, could then be clearly visualized, allowing to follow conveniently the reagent migration and reaction. Grafting densities were performed by using the HPLC technique.The results obtained through the use of this test allowed a better understanding of chromatogenic chemistry phenomenon and an identification of the main parameters which affect the process: the nature of the reagent, the temperature, the reaction time, the nature of the substrate, etc. We have more particularly shown that the diffusion and grafting yields were maximal for a specific temperature which increases with the boiling point and therefore with the chain length of the reagents. We have proposed that this temperature should correspond to a compromise between the diffusion and reactivity properties of the reagent, its evaporation and its degradation by hydrolysis.
Session details: Special invited session on human-computer interaction with information (2009)

No abstract available.
Electroorganic chemistry. 76. Diastereoselective addition of electrogenerated trichloromethyl and dichloro(methoxycarbonyl)methyl anions to .alpha.-branching aldehydes (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectroorganic chemistry. 76. Diastereoselective addition of electrogenerated trichloromethyl and dichloro(methoxycarbonyl)methyl anions to .alpha.-branching aldehydesTatsuya Shono, Naoki Kise, and Takeshi SuzumotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 1, 259–260Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00313a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00313a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The blooming of the French lilac (2001)

The history of diabetes mellitus is replete with many therapies, nearly all, including insulin, first given without any knowledge of a mechanism of action. Beginning with early Egyptian physicians who, according to the Ebers Papyrus of 1500 B.C.E., prescribed a mixture of cakes, wheat grains, fresh grits, green lead, earth, and water, up to the more recent introduction of the thiazolidinediones, knowledge of physiologic effects preceded by years or centuries any knowledge as to what the medicament actually did.

In medieval times, a prescription of Galega officinalis was said to relieve the intense urination accompanying the disease that came to have the name of diabetes mellitus. G. officinalis, also known as Goat’s rue, the French lilac or Italian fitch (Figure ​(Figure1),1), was also given during the plague epidemics to promote perspiration and has been used as a galactogogue in cows. The active ingredient in the French lilac that produced the lowering of blood glucose was shown to be galegine or isoamylene guanidine (1). A curious chapter in the history of guanidine-based hypoglycemic agents arose from the mistaken notion that the tetany of hypoparathyroidism was due to the production of increased guanidine following parathyroidectomy, leading to the demonstration that an infusion of guanidine produced lowering of blood glucose (2). While guanidine itself and certain derivatives are too toxic for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, the biguanides (two linked guanidine rings) have proved useful, and three biguanides became available for diabetes therapy in the 1950s. Phenformin and buformin, the former becoming quite popular in the 1960s, were withdrawn from the pharmacopoeia in the early 1970s due to the emergence of frequent lactic acidosis and increased cardiac mortality (1). Metformin, a less lipophilic biguanide, proved safer and, after 20 years of use in Europe, was approved for use in the USA in 1995.



Figure 1

The bloom of the French lilac. This blooming G. officinalis (Goat’s rue; French lilac; Italian fitch) is rich in guanidine. The plant’s long-recognized hypoglycemic properties led eventually to the synthesis of the biguanide compound metformin. ...