gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis Optimization, Shaping, and Heat Reallocation Evaluation of the Hydrophilic Metal–Organic Framework MIL‐160(Al) (2017)

The energy-storage capacities of a series of water-stable porous metal-organic frameworks, based on high-valence metal cations (Al<sup>3+</sup> , Fe<sup>3+</sup> , Cr<sup>3+</sup> , Ti<sup>4+</sup> , Zr<sup>4+</sup> ) and polycarboxylate linkers, were evaluated under the typical conditions of seasonal energy-storage devices. The results showed that the microporous hydrophilic Al-dicarboxylate MIL-160(Al) exhibited one of the best performances. To assess the properties of this material for space-heating applications on a laboratory pilot scale with an open reactor, a new synthetic route involving safer, greener conditions was developed. This led to the production of MIL-160(Al) on a 400 g scale, before the material was shaped into pellets through a wet-granulation method. The material exhibited a very high energy-storage capacity for a physical-sorption material (343 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> ), which is in full agreement with the predicted value.
Investigation of the Transient In-Cylinder Flow Inside a Two Stroke Engine with Particle-Image-Velocimetry (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In order to meet future emission standards of small two-stroke engines (CARB 2), detailed knowledge of in-cylinder charge motion and mixture distribution is essential to be able to provide new ways of reducing exhaust emissions. The aim is to minimize fuel short circuiting accompanying the scavenging flow, which in turn leads to high HC emissions.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Therefore, an experimental investigation was carried out to investigate the in-cylinder flow structure during the gas exchange process inside a small two-stroke engine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An optically accessible cylinder was fitted to a 64 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; two-stroke engine and the transient gas motion examined with Particle-Image-Velocimetry (PIV) under a variety of operating conditions and speeds up to 6000 rpm. The flow was investigated in two vertical cross- sectional planes through the cylinder and in a horizontal plane. The flow was observed through endoscopic optics to overcome the limitations associated with the design of an optical aperture in the small engine.&lt;/div&gt;
Water in China (2015)

Rapid growth of cities and industries in China is having a dramatic impact on the environment. To counteract further decrease of water quality of rivers, lakes and groundwater bodies, an ambitious environmental remediation programme needs to be designed and brought into action. Intensive research and development activity are required to provide tailored solutions.The articles compiled in the book describe the current situation in China with respect to surface water quality and wastewater treatment, and provide results of specific research projects, leading the way to a China-specific up-to-date water treatment technology. Discussed are lessons to be learnt from the experience made in other countries, particularly with respect to regulations and management practices.This title belongs to Water and Environmental Management Series (WEMS)ISBN: 9781843395010 (Print)ISBN: 9781780402635 (eBook)
Experimental and Computational Study of Enhanced Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Novel Slotted Wavy-Plate-Fin Channels (2022)

Abstract Forced convective enhanced heat transfer performance of airflows (50 ≤ Re ≤ 4000, Pr ∼ 0.71) in novel slotted sinusoidal wavy-plate-fins is investigated both experimentally and computationally. The slotted wavy fin core evaluated in the experiments was produced by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). Compared with the equivalent or nonslotted wavy fin core, also produced by DMLS, while the heat transfer was found to be similar, the pressure drop was reduced by as much as 31%. This very attractively significant enhancement was further explored in a three-dimensional computational analysis. Besides validating experimental results, it is seen that a significant part of pressure loss in plain wavy-fin channels is due to form drag induced by flow recirculation in the trough region. This is shown to be reduced substantially if the fins are slotted at large form drag locations. Their position and size, characterized, respectively, by phase angle (β) and dimensionless slot size (δ), are varied in the simulations to explore their role in the enhanced thermal-hydrodynamic performance. One such modified design exhibits a characteristically unusual performance at low Re, where improvement in heat transfer (+17%) is accompanied by a reduction in pressure loss (–16.8%). Additionally, at high Re, though a slight decline in heat transfer (–7.6%) is evidenced, the pressure drop is nearly cut in half (–46.6%). Moreover, the overall thermal-hydrodynamic performance based on the metric of fixed heat transfer rate and pressure drop constraint shows that ∼15% reduction in the required heat transfer surface area can be achieved with slotted wavy fins.
Powassan Viruses Spread Cell to Cell during Direct Isolation from Ixodes Ticks and Persistently Infect Human Brain Endothelial Cells and Pericytes (2021)

Powassan viruses (POWVs) are neurovirulent tick-borne flaviviruses emerging in the northeastern United States, with a 2% prevalence in Long Island (LI) deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis). POWVs are transmitted within as little as 15 min of a tick bite and enter the central nervous system (CNS) to cause encephalitis (10% of cases are fatal) and long-term neuronal damage. POWV-LI9 and POWV-LI41 present in LI <i>Ixodes</i> ticks were isolated by directly inoculating VeroE6 cells with tick homogenates and detecting POWV-infected cells by immunoperoxidase staining. Inoculated POWV-LI9 and LI41 were exclusively present in infected cell foci, indicative of cell to cell spread, despite growth in liquid culture without an overlay. Cloning and sequencing establish POWV-LI9 as a phylogenetically distinct lineage II POWV strain circulating in LI deer ticks. Primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) and pericytes form a neurovascular complex that restricts entry into the CNS. We found that POWV-LI9 and -LI41 and lineage I POWV-LB productively infect hBMECs and pericytes and that POWVs were basolaterally transmitted from hBMECs to lower-chamber pericytes without permeabilizing polarized hBMECs. Synchronous POWV-LI9 infection of hBMECs and pericytes induced proinflammatory chemokines, interferon-β (IFN-β) and proteins of the IFN-stimulated gene family (ISGs), with delayed IFN-β secretion by infected pericytes. IFN inhibited POWV infection, but despite IFN secretion, a subset of POWV-infected hBMECs and pericytes remained persistently infected. These findings suggest a potential mechanism for POWVs (LI9/LI41 and LB) to infect hBMECs, spread basolaterally to pericytes, and enter the CNS. hBMEC and pericyte responses to POWV infection suggest a role for immunopathology in POWV neurovirulence and potential therapeutic targets for preventing POWV spread to neuronal compartments. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> We isolated POWVs from LI deer ticks (I. scapularis) directly in VeroE6 cells, and sequencing revealed POWV-LI9 as a distinct lineage II POWV strain. Remarkably, inoculation of VeroE6 cells with POWV-containing tick homogenates resulted in infected cell foci in liquid culture, consistent with cell-to-cell spread. POWV-LI9 and -LI41 and lineage I POWV-LB strains infected hBMECs and pericytes that comprise neurovascular complexes. POWVs were nonlytically transmitted basolaterally from infected hBMECs to lower-chamber pericytes, suggesting a mechanism for POWV transmission across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). POWV-LI9 elicited inflammatory responses from infected hBMEC and pericytes that may contribute to immune cell recruitment and neuropathogenesis. This study reveals a potential mechanism for POWVs to enter the CNS by infecting hBMECs and spreading basolaterally to abluminal pericytes. Our findings reveal that POWV-LI9 persists in cells that form a neurovascular complex spanning the BBB and suggest potential therapeutic targets for preventing POWV spread to neuronal compartments.
Miniature embedded real-time image processor system for smart sensor systems (2004)

Programs at Nova Biomimetics have led to the design and development of a set of miniature electronics to be used for the application of a wide variety of point- and area-type mathematical operations to be applied in real time to the digital data produced by a variety of real-time digital video camera systems. Nova is planning to market these electronics in partial satisfaction of Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program dual-use commercialization requirements.
Multi-channel Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey (2011)

Extensive researches on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been performed and many techniques have been developed for the data link (MAC) layer. Most of them assume single-channel MAC protocols. In the usual dense deployment of the sensor networks, single-channel MAC protocols may be deficient because of radio collisions and limited bandwidth. Hence, using multiple channels can significantly improve the performance of WSN. Recent developments in sensor technology, as seen in Crossbow’s MICAz Mote, Rockwell’s WINS nodes and IEEE 802.15.4 Zigbee, have enabled support for multi-channel communications. Several multi-channel MAC protocols with different objectives have been proposed for WSNs in literature. This paper surveys and classifies the state-of-the-art multichannel MAC protocols that are proposed for WSNs. It first outlines the sensor network properties that are crucial for designing a MAC protocol. It subsequently reviews the existent challenges to design a good multi-channel MAC protocol for the sensor networks. Then, several multi-channel MAC protocols specifically proposed for the WSNs are inspected in detail and compared with each other. Finally, some open issues in this area are outlined for future research.
Is the “Bricks-and-Mortar” Mesophase Bicontinuous? Dynamic Simulations of Miktoarm Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends (2022)

A new mesophase in binary blends of A–b–(BA′)3 miktoarm star block copolymers and A homopolymers has recently been discovered experimentally and explored with field-theoretic simulations. This mesophase has been reported to consist of aperiodic discrete domains of A embedded in a continuous matrix of B up to very high concentrations of A. Because of the material’s potential as a thermoplastic elastomer, a deeper understanding of its structural and dynamic-mechanical properties, including its domain connectivity, linear rheological behavior, response to shear, and response to uniaxial tension, is warranted. These properties are explored here using dissipative particle dynamics in three dimensions, for the first time. These simulations establish that the so-called “bricks-and-mortar” phase, while appearing discrete in two dimensions, is bicontinuous. The simulations focusing on dynamics establish that the role of molecular bridging dominates the mechanical behavior and outweighs the influence of microphase segregation (contributions from the interfacial tension alone) even at the highest homopolymer concentrations we study. Additionally, it appears that the bricks-and-mortar phase is sensitive to the application of sufficiently high shear, leading to nonisotropic mechanical responses, which has ramifications for the processability of such materials. We find that upon application of shear the phase becomes closer in structure to its speculated discrete nature. Molecular simulations on our longest accessible timescales show that the material is unable to relax back to its original structure, suggesting that the morphology observed depends heavily on the material process pathway.
Transmission time analysis for the parallel asynchronous communication scheme (2003)

In asynchronous systems, the sender encodes a data word with a code word from an unordered code and transmits the code word on the parallel bus lines. In this paper, a transmission time analysis for the above parallel asynchronous communication scheme is presented. It is proven that the average transmission time for a code word is a strictly increasing function of the weight of the code word and it approaches the worst transmission time possible when the weight goes to infinity. This implies that fast parallel asynchronous systems can be designed using low weight codes. This paper also analyzes the transmission time performances of the proximity detecting codes and gives some efficient low constant weight code designs.
Transmural electrophysiological heterogeneities in action potential duration increase the upper limit of vulnerability (2006)

Transmural dispersion in action potential duration (APD) has been shown to contribute to arrhythmia induction in the heart. However, its role in termination of lethal arrhythmias by defibrillation shocks has never been examined. The goal of this study is to investigate how transmural dispersion in APD affects cardiac vulnerability to electric shocks, in an attempt to better understand the mechanisms behind defibrillation failure. This study used a three- dimensional, geometrically accurate finite element bidomain rabbit ventricular model. Transmural heterogeneities in ionic currents were incorporated based on experimental data to generate the transmural APD profile recorded in adult rabbits during pacing. Results show that the incorporation of transmural APD heterogeneities in the model causes an increase in the upper limit of vulnerability from 26.7 V/cm in the homogeneous APD ventricles to 30.5 V/cm in the ventricles with heterogeneous transmural APD profile. Examination of shock-end virtual electrode polarisation and postshock electrical activity reveals that the higher ULV in the heterogeneous model is caused by increased dispersion in postshock repolarisation within the LV wall, which increases the likelihood of the establishment of intramural re-entrant circuits
A study on the use of PPG in quantifying circulatory disruptions (2014)

We explore the use of photoplethysmography to monitor and detect changes in arterial and venous circulation for potential use in surgical flap monitoring. The typical disruptions in circulation that are seen in a flap are emulated by occlusion tests conducted in controlled settings. Arterial and venous occlusions are performed on a limited number of subjects, and associated changes in the PPG signals captured at the specific region of interest are analysed. A set of parameters that can be used to distinguish between arterial and venous occlusions are identified and quantified. These parameters may be used to detect thrombosis and differentiate between an arterial and a venous thrombosis in free flaps during postoperative monitoring after reconstructive surgery.
Partially Interleaved Modular Karatsuba-Ofman Multiplication (2015)

Summary We describe a method of performing modular multiplication that has various applications in the field of modern cryptography and coding theory. The proposed algorithm, which combines the Karatsuba-Ofman multiplier and bipartite modular reduction, presents an interleaved processing on the upper most level of Karatsuba-Ofman's recursion. The method provides an efficient and highly parallel modular arithmetic for both hardware and software realizations of public-key cryptosystems, such as today's dominating RSA and Diffie-Hellman algorithms.
Inferring Boundary Information of Discontinuous-Domain Proteins (2008)

Wetlaufer introduced the classification of domains into continuous and discontinuous. Continuous domains form from a single-chain segment and discontinuous domains are composed of two or more chain segments. Richardson identified approximately 100 domains in her review. Her assignment was based on the concepts that the domain would be independently stable and/or could undergo rigid-body-like movements with respect to the entire protein. There are now several instances where structurally similar domains occur in different proteins in the absence of noticeable sequence similarity. Possibly, the most notable of such domains is the trios-phosphate isomerase (TIM) barrel. With the increase in the number of known sequences, computer algorithms are required to identify the discontinuous domain of an unknown protein chain in order to determine its structure and function. We have developed a novel algorithm for discontinuous-domain boundary prediction based on a machine learning algorithm and interresidue contact interactions values. We have used 415 proteins, including 100 discontinuous-domain chains for training. There is no method available that is designed solely on a sequence based for the prediction of discontinuous domain. DomainDiscovery performed significantly well compared to the structure-based methods like structural classification of proteins (SCOP), class, architecture, topology and homologous superfamily (CATH), and DOMain MAKer (DOMAK).
Simulataneous Formation of InGaN Nanostructures with Varying Shapes for White Light Source Applications (2012)

Varying shapes of InGaN nanostructures were simultaneously formed on silicon epitaxially. The nanowires and nanomushrooms emit violet-blue light, and broad yellow-orange-red luminescence, respectively. The combination of which is promising for white light emission.
Isolation of factor Xa from chick embryo as the amniotic endoprotease responsible for paramyxovirus activation (1992)

In chick embryo, certain paramyxoviruses mainly target the chorioallantois and the allantoamnion and show no extensive further spreading in the other organs. This has been explained by the possible presence of an endoprotease activating the viral fusion glycoprotein precursor in the allantoic and the amniotic fluid, and its absence in other places or organs. We previously isolated such an endoprotease from the allantoic fluid and demonstrated its identity with the clotting factor Xa. Exactly the same endoprotease by all the criteria including the N-terminal amino acid sequence was now isolated from the amniotic fluid. Thus, the factor Xa seems to be a major host determinant of the viral tropism in chick embryo.
Properties for Variations of Temperature and Salt-Density of Cross-Linked Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hyrogel. (1999)

酢酸ビニル (VAc) モノマーとトリアリルイソシアヌレート (TAIC) との架橋共重合体をアルカリけん化した, 新規な化学架橋法で作製した共重合法ポリビニルアルコール (PVA) ヒドロゲルの生体類似条件下での環境特性を調べた. このPVAヒドロゲルは, 非イオン性のヒドロゲル材料に一般的に認められている性状, すなわち塩濃度変化に対し形状の変動量が少なく安定で, 温度変化に対し変動量が大きい傾向が認められた. そして従来から生体材料 (特にコンタクトレンズ材料) として多用されているポリ-2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート (HEMA) 系非イオン性ヒドロゲルと同様, ゲルの架橋度の上昇に応じて含水率が低下し, 温度変化に対し変動量が小さくなる傾向が認められた. コンタクトレンズをはじめとする有用な非イオン性高含水ゲルとなるものと推定された.
Characterization of atomic spin polarization lifetime of cesium vapor cells with neon buffer gas (2018)

The dephasing time of spin-polarized atoms in an atomic vapor cell plays an important role in determining the stability of vapor-cell clocks as well as the sensitivity of optically-pumped magnetometers. The presence of a buffer gas can extend the lifetime of these atoms. Many vapor cell systems operate at a fixed (often elevated) temperature. For ambient temperature operation with no temperature control, it is necessary to characterize the temperature dependence as well. We present a spin-polarization lifetime study of Cesium vapor cells with different buffer gas pressures, and find good agreement with expectations based on the combined effects of wall collisions, spin exchange, and spin destruction. For our (7.5 mm diameter) vapor cells, the lifetime can be increased by two orders of magnitude by introducing Ne buffer gas up to 100 Torr. Additionally, the dependence of the lifetime on temperature is measured (25 - 47 oC) and simulated for the first time to our knowledge with reasonable agreement.
High-Frequency Nanocapacitor Arrays: Concept, Recent Developments, and Outlook (2016)

We have developed a measurement platform for performing high-frequency AC detection at nanoelectrodes. The system consists of 65 536 electrodes (diameter 180 nm) arranged in a sub-micrometer rectangular array. The electrodes are actuated at frequencies up to 50 MHz, and the resulting AC current response at each separately addressable electrode is measured in real time. These capabilities are made possible by fabricating the electrodes on a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chip together with the associated control and readout electronics, thus minimizing parasitic capacitance and maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio. This combination of features offers several advantages for a broad range of experiments. First, in contrast to alternative CMOS-based electrical systems based on field-effect detection, high-frequency operation is sensitive beyond the electrical double layer and can probe entities at a range of micrometers in electrolytes with high ionic strength such as water at physiological salt concentrations. Far from being limited to single- or few-channel recordings like conventional electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the massively parallel design of the array permits electrically imaging micrometer-scale entities with each electrode serving as a separate pixel. This allows observation of complex kinetics in heterogeneous environments, for example, the motion of living cells on the surface of the array. This imaging aspect is further strengthened by the ability to distinguish between analyte species based on the sign and magnitude of their AC response. Finally, we show here that sensitivity down to the attofarad level combined with the small electrode size permits detection of individual 28 nm diameter particles as they land on the sensor surface. Interestingly, using finite-element methods, it is also possible to calculate accurately the full three-dimensional electric field and current distributions during operation at the level of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck formalism. This makes it possible to validate the interpretation of measurements and to optimize the design of future experiments. Indeed, the complex frequency and spatial dependence of the data suggests that experiments to date have only scratched the surface of the method's capabilities. Future iterations of the hardware will take advantage of the higher frequencies, higher electrode packing densities and smaller electrode sizes made available by continuing advances in CMOS manufacturing. Combined with targeted immobilization of targets at the electrodes, we anticipate that it will soon be possible to realize complex biosensors based on spatial- and time-resolved nanoscale impedance detection.
A novel approach for identification and measurement of hemoglobin adducts with 1,2,3,4‐diepoxybutane by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (2001)

The structural characterisation of the adducts formed by in vitro interaction of hemoglobin (Hb) with 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB), the most reactive 1,3-butadiene (BD) metabolite, was obtained by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC/ES-MS) analysis of modified tryptic peptides of human hemoglobin chains. The reactive sites of human hemoglobin towards DEB and its hydroxylated derivatives (trihydroxybutyl (THB)-derivatives) were identified through the characterisation of alkylated tryptic peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS/MS). Based on this characterisation, a procedure was set up to measure the Hb-adducts of THB-derivatives by isotope dilution mass spectrometry with the use of a deuterated peptide standard. The results obtained here could permit optimisation of molecular dosimetry of BD-adducts, and extension of the analysis to the biological monitoring of occupational exposure to butadiene.