gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Vehicle Detection With Sparse Point Clouds Based on PE-CPD (2018)

Detecting dynamic vehicles is of great significance in the field of autonomous vehicles. In the literature, a few vehicle detection methods are proposed to detect vehicles within 50 m from the Lidar, where the point clouds are relatively dense. It is a great challenge to detect vehicles that are far from the Lidar because of sparse point clouds. Fewer returned point clouds will result in a larger fitting randomness and lower detection rate. To tackle this issue, a dynamic vehicle detection method based on likelihood-field-based model combined with coherent point drift (CPD), which includes the steps of dynamic object detection and dynamic vehicle confirmation, is proposed in this paper. An adaptive threshold based on the distance and grid angular resolution is applied to detect the dynamic objects. The pose estimation based on CPD (PE-CPD) is proposed to estimate the vehicle pose. The scaling series algorithm coupled with a Bayesian filter that is improved by PE-CPD is utilized for updating the vehicle states. Finally, comparative experiments of vehicle detection based on KITTI data sets are conducted. The results show that the proposed method improves the detection rate, especially the detection in the radius of 40-80 m, which is termed as distant area, compared with the method based on pose estimation with modified scaling series.
A Retrospective Multicentric Study of Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors in Patients Older Than 50: Management and Outcome (2017)

Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (EFTs) is a group of rare and aggressive tumors. Data on EFTs in patients (pts) ≥ 50 years are limited and these pts are often not eligible for clinical trials. Some, but not all, studies have reported inferior outcome for older pts with EFTs. We conducted an IRB-approved retrospective analysis among centers of the French Sarcoma Group on pts diagnosed with EFTs at age ≥50 between 2000 and 2012. Clinical features, treatment modality and outcomes were analyzed. Seventy-seven pts were identified, including 36 females (46.8%) and the median age at diagnosis was 56 years (range: 50-86). The primary tumor was located in soft tissue in 59 pts (76.6%). Fifty-six pts (72.7%) had localized disease, among them 49 (87.5%) received chemotherapy in addition to local therapy. Their estimated 3-yr OS and event-free survival (EFS) rates were respectively 73.3% and 62.2%. Recurrence occurred in 43 pts. The estimated 3-yr OS rate was 37% in pts with metastatic disease at presentation. EFTs in pts ≥50 years are more likely to originate from soft tissue and their outcomes appear to be worse than that of younger pts treated with modern protocols.
The Analysis of Fixed Work Posts and Defining Personnel Quota of Impermanent Staff from the Perspective of Double-First Class Construction (2018)

First-class colleges and universities demand firstclass logistical support. The development of the reform of logistic socialization in colleges and universities witnesses the growth of number of impermanent logistic staffs. Therefore, the efficient management of impermanent staff, which is directly related to the service quality and efficiency of the logistics service, should be strengthened. At the same time, to optimize the allocation of logistics human resources, improve the institutional system, optimize the structure, develop potential, and improve work efficiency through the way of fixed work posts and defining personnel quota to cope with the problem of management and personnel allocation are also needed. Moreover, for the smooth implementation of the fixed work posts and defining personnel quota, it is necessary to promote the orderly development of university logistics under the guidance of relevant scientific and reasonable principles.
Exploring Human Adaptation Using Ultrasonic Measurement Techniques and Optimized, Dynamic Human Neck Models (1998)

Introduction: Classic inverse/dynamics methods fall short in providing a methodology which allows the human model to adapt to a change in environment or equipment. This paper introduces a dynamic human model with joint torques governed by coupled feedback controllers and optimized to a specific objective to allow for a structured approach in human adaptation simulation.

Methods: Motion data from a data collection source (i.e., video, sensors, etc.) consists of 3D position histories of markers placed at various locations on the human subject. One such method involves new device employing an ultrasonic measurement method to capture body movements (orthoson). The device is completely self-contained and carried on the human body. It consists of a small central unit and sensors which are applied at specific locations on the skin. Changes in the distance between any pair of sensors are reported with an accuracy of a millimeter. By tracking the relative distances between markers through time, the data from this device can be used to drive a dynamic human model to simulate any human activity. [McGuan, 1994]. The ADAMSâ (Mechanical Dynamics Inc.) mechanical simulation system is used to process these data into a dynamic human model.

Results: The simulation was performed using a dynamic human neck model. The process of simulation begins by positioning “motion agents” on the multisegmented human model at the same relative locations as in the experiment. The motion agents are driven with the experiment motion data. The agents are physically attached to the corresponding human segment using 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) spring elements (bushings). The stiffness of this connection is normalized to the relative accuracy rating of the specific target marker in the experiment (available from the motion analysis equipment/software). This allows for the marker with a higher degree of accuracy to contribute more to the motion in the model changing the nature of the motion data to motion influencing rather that motion governing. A kinematic analysis is performed with this arrangement to retrieve the joint rotation histories for the human model emulating the motion.

Conclusion: This combination of ultrasonic measurement techniques and forward dynamic simulation promises much utility in muscle control and coordination research, as well as practical applications of sports simulations, gait analysis, etc.

References: McGuan, S., et al. (1994). An Approach for a Detailed Analytical Model of the Human Lower Extremity During a Drop Landing. ASB, Columbus, Ohio.
Wireless propagation in buildings: a statistical scattering approach (1999)

A new approach to the modeling of wireless propagation in buildings is introduced. We treat the scattering by walls and local clutter probabilistically through either a relaxation-time approximation in a Boltzmann equation or by using a diffusion equation. The result is a range of models in which one can vary the tradeoff between the complexity of the building description and the accuracy of the prediction. The two limits of this range are ray tracing at the most accurate end and a simple decay law at the most simple. By comparing results for two of these new models with measurements, we conclude that a reasonably accurate description of propagation can be obtained with a relatively simple model. The most effective way to use the models is by combining them with a few measurements through a sampling technique.
New initiatives with fludarabine monophosphate in hematologic malignancies. (1993)

Fludarabine monophosphate (fludarabine) was initially discovered to have significant activity in indolent lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The major clinical experience with fludarabine is in previously treated patients with CLL. In such patients the complete and partial response rate (CR + PR) is over 50%. These results were obtained with 5-day schedules of fludarabine 25 to 30 mg/m2/d. Subsequent schedules have explored once-a-week fludarabine and a 3-day schedule every 4 weeks. These strategies, in particular the once-a-week schedule, have obtained inferior results. The addition of prednisone has not been associated with an improvement in response rate or survival. The application of fludarabine to previously untreated patients demonstrated a CR + PR rate of 75% to 80%. The addition of prednisone did not improve the response rate or survival in this group of patients. A significant concern in patients with CLL treated with fludarabine is a decrease in the CD4 and CD8 counts. Despite median posttreatment counts of approximately 200 CD4 lymphocytes/microL, the incidence of infections in patients in remission off therapy is low. Major clinical activity has been demonstrated with fludarabine in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, in which more than one third of refractory patients achieve a CR or PR. Responding patients with anemia or thrombocytopenia have a marked improvement in blood counts. The duration of response has been long (> 30 months) in most responders. The early activity of fludarabine as a single agent in phase I/II studies in indolent lymphoma subsequently has been confirmed by a number of investigators. Fifty percent to 60% of patients with follicular lymphomas respond to fludarabine as a single agent. A number of these responses are complete despite the patients having received extensive prior treatment. A number of combination programs are being developed in CLL and indolent lymphoma. The combination of fludarabine with doxorubicin and prednisone has been developed and is being studied in phase I/II clinical trials. In addition, combinations of fludarabine and cytarabine with or without cisplatin based on elegant preclinical pharmacokinetic rationales have been applied to CLL with impressive cytoreductive activity but significant myelosuppression. A new combination of fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone has been developed for use in lymphoma. Phase I studies demonstrated a high response rate, especially in follicular lymphomas, with a number of patients achieving complete remission. Subsequent phase II studies demonstrate a response rate of 89% in patients with indolent lymphoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The role of cytokinin in ovule development inArabidopsis (2013)

The life cycle of higher plants alternates between the haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte. The female gametophyte (FG), surrounded by the sporophyte, develops within the ovule and orients along the chalazal/micropylar axis. This polarity is important in cell specification and development for both the ovule and FG. Previously, cytokinin was shown to act in the sporophytic tissue to regulate FG development. In the highlighted study, we further showed that enriched cytokinin signaling in chalaza, the central domain of the ovule, is required for the specification of the functional megaspore, which usually occurs in the chalazal-most megaspore after meiosis. The restricted cytokinin signaling in the chalaza is achieved by localized cytokinin biosynthesis and perception. Here, we discuss the implications of this and other studies for the understanding of the role of two-component signaling in FG development and the genetic and cellular interactions between gametophytic and sporophytic cells. Further, we show that cytokinin-deficient mutants display distorted cell morphology in the inner integument and elevated mitotic activity in the maternal sporophyte. These results suggest that cytokinin negatively regulates cell proliferation in the sporophytic tissues surrounding the developing FG, consistent with previous results indicating that cytokinin deficiency causes an increase in the number of cells in the embryos and consequently an enlarged seed size.
Array bounds check elimination for the Java HotSpot#8482; client compiler (2007)

Whenever an array element is accessed, Java virtual machines execute a compare instruction to ensure that the index value is within the valid bounds. This reduces the execution speed of Java programs. Array bounds check elimination identifies situations in which such checks are redundant and can be removed. We present an array bounds check elimination algorithm for the Java HotSpot™ VM based on static analysis in the just-in-time compiler.
High-performance server systems and the next generation of online games (2006)

Developing a massively multiplayer online game which utilizes physically based simulation to provide realistic behaviors requires numerical integration functions with inherently high computational costs. This simulation, performed on the individual clients of a peer-to-peer networked game or for a client/server online game, presents challenges due to many factors, including limited computing resources at the client level and network latency in the propagation of a client's state to other clients. Computationally intensive simulation may adversely affect performance and result in a situation in which little processing capacity is left for other aspects of the game. In this paper, we explore how a game developer who is aware of these issues might create a game for IBM's recently announced Cell Broadband Engine™ processor; we also present an example of the development of a game in which multiple human and robotic characters interact with static and dynamic objects in a virtual environment. Although our experience suggests that porting code to the Cell Broadband Engine core with minimal use of its synergistic processing elements (SPEs) should not be expected to produce significant performance gains at this time, the potential of the Cell SPEs to improve performance is considerable. We discuss performance and design and implementation decisions, with programmability issues being especially noted.
Data from Establishment and Validation of Circulating Tumor Cell–Based Prognostic Nomograms in First-Line Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Circulating tumor cells (CTC) represent a new outcome-associated biomarker independent from known prognostic factors in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The objective here was to develop and validate nomograms that combined baseline CTC counts and the other prognostic factors to assess the outcome of individual patients starting first-line treatment for MBC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We used a training set of 236 patients with MBCs starting a first-line treatment from the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) to establish nomograms that calculated the predicted probability of survival at different time points: 1, 2, and 5 years for overall survival (OS) and 6 months and 1 and 2 years for progression-free survival (PFS).The covariates computed in the model were age, disease subtype, visceral metastases, performance status, and CTC counts by CellSearch. Nomograms were independently validated with 210 patients with MBCs from the Institut Curie (Paris, France) who underwent first-line chemotherapy. The discriminatory ability and accuracy of the models were assessed using Harrell &lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;-statistic and calibration plots at different time points in both training and validation datasets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Median follow-up was of 23 and 29 months in the MD Anderson and Institut Curie cohorts, respectively. Nomograms showed good &lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;-statistics: 0.74 for OS and 0.65 for PFS and discriminated OS prediction at 1, 2, and 5 years, and PFS prediction at 6 months and 1 and 2 years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Nomograms, which relied on CTC counts as a continuous covariate, easily facilitated the use of a web-based tool for estimating survival, supporting treatment decisions and clinical trial stratification in first-line MBCs. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(6); 1596–602. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Real-time terahertz Imaging: antenna arrays, spectral encoding, and super-resolution microscopy (2022)

Imaging at terahertz frequencies (0.1-10 THz, wavelengths 3 mm-30 µm) has proven to be useful in the biomedical field. Still, the acquisition time is an important hurdle. Here, we discuss recent developments toward achieving real-time THz imaging. First, we demonstrate a spectral encoding algorithm to reconstruct a 4500-pixels image with 45 measurements. Second, we improve the image resolution using a super-resolution algorithm specifically developed for the THz. Third, we discuss our most recent work on the fabrication of an THz photoconductive antenna array for imaging. These works pave the way for future applications of THz imaging in biomedical science.
Novel Technique for All-Optical Wavelength Conversion of RZ Pulses: Penalty-Free Operation at 40 Gbit/s over the entire EDFA Window using a Monolithically Integrated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (1997)

A novel all-optical wavelength conversion technique that provides RZ output signals is presented. Up- and down- conversion at 40 Gbit/s over 30 nm with a monolithically integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer is demonstrated for the first time.
Improved visualization of endocardial borders with Short-Lag Spatial Coherence imaging of fundamental and harmonic ultrasound data (2012)

Endocardial border visualization, a common task in echochardiography, is typically challenged by the presence of acoustic clutter. This study investigates endocardial border visibility in co-registered fundamental and harmonic data when utilizing the Short-Lag Spatial Coherence (SLSC) beamformer, a clutter reduction approach that we developed. Individual channel echo data were acquired from the left ventricle of 12 volunteers, after informed consent and IRB approval, to create matched image quadruplets of fundamental and harmonic B-mode and SLSC images. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were measured, and three cardiologists rated the visibility of endocardial segments in randomly ordered cine loops. The statistical significance of visibility ratings was determined with a Holm-Bonferroni correction at a significance level, α = 0.05. CNR increased approximately twofold in fundamental and harmonic SLSC images compared to fundamental and harmonic B-mode images. Fundamental and Harmonic SLSC imaging offered the greatest benefits when fundamental B-mode image quality was poor. Improvements in endocardial segment visibility in short-axis views ranged from 1628% (α = 0.05) compared to fundamental B-mode images, while improvements in the apical four chamber views ranged from 2235% (α = 0.05) compared to fundamental and harmonic B-mode images. Results suggest that SLSC and HSCI have the potential to increase endocardial border visualization and thereby improve cardiac assessments of poor-quality B-mode images.
The Essentiality of Arachidonic Acid in Infant Development (2016)

Arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) is an n-6 polyunsaturated 20-carbon fatty acid formed by the biosynthesis from linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6). This review considers the essential role that ARA plays in infant development. ARA is always present in human milk at a relatively fixed level and is accumulated in tissues throughout the body where it serves several important functions. Without the provision of preformed ARA in human milk or infant formula the growing infant cannot maintain ARA levels from synthetic pathways alone that are sufficient to meet metabolic demand. During late infancy and early childhood the amount of dietary ARA provided by solid foods is low. ARA serves as a precursor to leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes, collectively known as eicosanoids which are important for immunity and immune response. There is strong evidence based on animal and human studies that ARA is critical for infant growth, brain development, and health. These studies also demonstrate the importance of balancing the amounts of ARA and DHA as too much DHA may suppress the benefits provided by ARA. Both ARA and DHA have been added to infant formulas and follow-on formulas for more than two decades. The amounts and ratios of ARA and DHA needed in infant formula are discussed based on an in depth review of the available scientific evidence.
GOF-TTE: Generative Online Federated Learning Framework for Travel Time Estimation (2022)

Estimating the travel time of a path is an essential topic for the intelligent transportation system. It serves as the foundation for real-world applications, such as traffic monitoring, route planning, and taxi dispatching. However, building a model for such a data-driven task requires a large amount of users’ travel information, which closely relates to their privacy and, thus, is less likely to be shared. The not independent and identically distributed (Non-IID) trajectory data across data owners also make a predictive model extremely challenging to be personalized if we directly apply federated learning. Finally, previous work on travel time estimation (TTE) does not consider the real-time traffic state of roads, which we argue, can significantly influence the prediction. To address the above challenges, we introduce GOF-TTE for the mobile user group, generative online federated learning framework for TTE, which 1) utilizes the federated learning approach, allowing private data to be kept on client devices while training, and designs the global model as an online generative model shared by all clients to infer the real-time road traffic state and 2) apart from sharing a base model at the server, adapts a fine-tuned personalized model for every client to study their personal driving habits, making up for the residual error made by localized global model prediction. We also employ a simple privacy attack to our framework and implement the differential privacy mechanism to guarantee privacy safety further. Finally, we conduct experiments on two real-world public taxi data sets of DiDi Chengdu and Xi’an. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework.
The Growing Role of Electron Crystallography in Structural Biology (1999)

The use of the electron microscope to determine the structure of complex biological macromolecules is now advancing at a rapid pace. When well-ordered, two-dimensional crystals are available, high resolution density maps can be obtained that are interpretable in atomic detail. The determination of the structure of tubulin provides a recent example of how electron crystallography has been used to solve a structure that could otherwise not be determined by x-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy. Even further advances in instrumentation and methodology are still to come, however, which promise the ability to merge data from thousands of images of individual, isolated molecules, in effect growing a virtual crystal in the computer, from which high resolution structures can be determined just as if the specimen had been a well-ordered, two-dimensional crystal.
Antimicrobial Properties of Magnesium Open Opportunities to Develop Healthier Food (2019)

Magnesium is a vital mineral that takes part in hundreds of enzymatic reactions in the human body. In the past several years, new information emerged in regard to the antibacterial effect of magnesium. Here we elaborate on the recent knowledge of its antibacterial effect with emphasis on its ability to impair bacterial adherence and formation complex community of bacterial cells called biofilm. We further talk about its ability to impair biofilm formation in milk that provides opportunity for developing safer and qualitative dairy products. Finally, we describe the pronounced advantages of enrichment of food with magnesium ions, which result in healthier and more efficient food products.