gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spin-Probe ESR Study on the Dynamics of Liquid Molecules in the MCM-41 Nanochannel:  Temperature Dependence on 2-Propanol and Water (2005)

A spin-probe ESR study has been made on the dynamics of 2-propanol and water molecules in the nanochannel of MCM-41 at various temperatures. In the former system, 2-propanol is separated into two phases: one with molecules immobilized in the ESR time scale and the other with mobile ones, even at temperatures more than 40 degrees higher than the bulk melting point. In the case of water, on the other hand, only the "immobilized" water was detected at a temperature as high as 313 K. At higher temperature, spin-probe molecule undergoes anisotropic rotational diffusion to reduce resistance from the solvent molecules in the nanochannel. These results are explained in relation to the intermolecular network intensified in the nanochannel. Static as well as dynamic structures of these solutions have been discussed.
Leptin, insulin sensitivity and growth hormone binding protein in chronic heart failure with and without cardiac cachexia (2001)

Fat mass corrected leptin levels are elevated in CHF patients with and without cachexia. Reduced total fat mass may account for lower leptin levels in cachectic CHF patients compared with non cachectic patients. Leptin strongly predicts GHBP levels in CHF regardless of its hyperleptinaemic state or severely altered body composition as in cardiac cachexia. Leptin could be the signalling link between adipose tissue and GHBP/GH receptor expression in CHF.
3-D Visual simulation (1971)

This paper describes a visual simulation technique by which fully computer-generated perspective views of three-dimensional objects may be produced. The method is based on a relatively simple geometric modeling technique for the mathematical representa tion of the three elements essential to the picture- taking process, namely, a camera, a light source, and the object or objects to be photographed. Once these three basic components have been defined, geometric ray tracing is employed to compute a "picture" of the object as it appears in the simu- Zated camera. In essence, individual light rays are traced from their source to the surface of the object. The reflected component of each ray is computed and traced to its point of intersection with the film plane. Thus, each reflected ray pro vides the intensity at a single point on the pic ture, and, when a sufficient number of points have been computed, the entire area of intensity data may be displayed on a cathode ray tube. Several examples of the pictorial output of this process are shown, and the application to the computer- generated films is discussed.
Vanishing tattoo multisensor for biomedical diagnostics (2008)

Currently, precise non-invasive diagnostics systems for the real-time multi detection and monitoring of physiological parameters and chemical analytes in the human body are urgently required by clinicians, physiologists and bio-medical researchers. We have developed a novel cost effective smart 'vanishing tattoo' (similar to temporary child's tattoos) consisting of environmental-sensitive dyes. Painlessly impregnated into the skin the smart tattoo is capable of generating optical/fluorescence changes (absorbance, transmission, reflectance, emission and/or luminescence within UV, VIS or NIR regions) in response to physical or chemical changes. These changes allow the identification of colour pattern changes similar to <i>bar-code</i> scanning. Such a system allows an easy, cheap and robust comprehensive detection of various parameters and analytes in a small volume of sample (e.g. variations in pH, temperature, ionic strength, solvent polarity, presence of redox species, surfactants, oxygen). These smart tattoos have possible applications in monitoring the progress of disease and transcutaneous drug delivery. The potential of this highly innovative diagnostic tool is wide and diverse and can impact on routine clinical diagnostics, general therapeutic management, skin care and cosmetic products testing as well as fundamental physiological investigations.
An Accurate Method for Delay Margin Computation for Power System Stability (2018)

The application of the phasor measurement units and the wide expansion of the wide area measurement units make the time delay inevitable in power systems. The time delay could result in poor system performance or at worst lead to system instability. Therefore, it is important to determine the maximum time delay margin required for the system stability. In this paper, we present a new method for determining the delay margin in the power system. The method is based on the analysis in the s-domain. The transcendental time delay characteristics equation is transformed to a frequency dependent equation. The spectral radius is used to find the frequencies at which the roots cross the imaginary axis. The crossing frequencies are determined through the sweeping test and the binary iteration algorithm. A single machine infinite bus system equipped with automatic voltage regulator and power system stabilizer is chosen as a case study. The delay margin is calculated for different values of the power system stabilizer (PSS) gain, and it is found that increasing the PSS gain decreases the delay margin. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been proved through comparing it with the most recent published methods. The method shows its merit with less conservativeness and fewer computations.
Understanding the Durability and Degradation of Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Electrolysis in Alkaline Media (2020)

Anthropogenic CO 2 emissions present an immediate and unprecedented threat to our planet. Electroreduction of CO 2 (ECO 2 RR) offers the dual benefits of reducing CO 2 emissions from point sources and producing valuable chemicals such as CO, formic acid, and ethanol in a carbon-neutral manner. 1,2 Over the past decade, a significant body of research has focused on improving the product selectivity and activity of CO 2 RR catalysts, but studies regarding long-term stability and durability of these electrocatalytic systems have been rare. 3 To date, only a few studies have reported performance durations exceeding 100 hours, and even fewer have reported on possible mechanisms underlying decrease in performance and system failure. 4 Techno-economic analyses suggest a lifetime of 3000 hours or greater is needed for economically feasible ECO 2 RR systems 5 . Progress in this area will be crucial for further development of ECO 2 RR technology. This poster will report key findings from our comprehensive review of durability testing in ECO 2 RR systems, specifically common degradation mechanisms. We will focus primarily on gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), used in high-performance alkaline flow and membrane electrode assembly systems. In our alkaline flow system, we have observed a number of degradation mechanisms consistently impacting our GDEs including leaching and carbonate formation. Characterization of used GDEs, including SEM, EDX, XRD, and Micro-CT, was employed to understand how operating at high current densities (–100 to –200 mA cm -2 ) in alkaline electrolytes impacts structure and chemical composition. Secondly, this poster will outline ways in which we have attempted to improve durability in our GDEs. By applying insights from the literature to studies carried out in our flow system, we have evaluated changes in the electrolyte, electrode substrate, catalyst deposition method, and catalyst ink binder to optimize GDE design and augment durability. Lastly, we will report on accelerated durability and stress testing (ADT/AST) methods that we have developed, and our findings from implementation of these methods in our system. These accelerated procedures can be broadly applied to highly active (≥200 mA cm –2 ), lab-scale ECO 2 RR systems to determine long-term stability and degradation modes in shorter timeframes. Acknowledgement We gratefully acknowledge financial support from Shell’s New Energies Research &amp; Technology - Dense Energy Carriers Program and I 2 CNER. References: Oerlemans, J. Science 308 , 675-677 (2005). Jhong, H. R., Ma, S. C. &amp; Kenis, P. J. A. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2 , 191-199 (2013). Hori, Y. Mod Asp Electrochem , 89-189 (2008). Cofell, E., Nwabara, O., Negro, E., Verma, S., Kenis, P. J. A., Chemsuschem 13 , 855-875 (2020). Verma, S., Kim, B., Jhong, H., Ma, S. C. &amp; Kenis, P. J. A. Chemsuschem 9 , 1972-1979 (2016).
The neuropeptide cortistatin attenuates experimental autoimmune myocarditis via inhibition of cardiomyogenic T cell‐driven inflammatory responses (2016)

Background and purpose Myocarditis is an inflammatory and autoimmune cardiovascular disease that causes dilated myocardiopathy and is responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cortistatin is a neuropeptide produced by neurons and cells of the immune and vascular systems. Besides its action in locomotor activity and sleep, cortistatin inhibits inflammation in different experimental models of autoimmune diseases. However, its role in inflammatory cardiovascular disorders is unexplored. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of cortistatin in a well‐established preclinical model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). Experimental Approach We induced EAM by immunization with a fragment of cardiac myosin in susceptible Balb/c mice. Cortistatin was administered i.p. starting 7, 11 or 15 days after EAM induction. At day 21, we evaluated heart hypertrophy, myocardial injury, cardiac inflammatory infiltration and levels of serum and cardiac inflammatory cytokines, cortistatin and autoantibodies. We determined proliferation and cytokine production by heart draining lymph node cells in response to cardiac myosin restimulation. Key Results Systemic injection of cortistatin during the effector phase of the disease significantly reduced its prevalence and signs of heart hypertrophy and injury (decreased the levels of brain natriuretic peptide) and impaired myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration. This effect was accompanied by a reduction in self‐antigen‐specific T‐cell responses in lymph nodes and in the levels of cardiomyogenic antibodies and inflammatory cytokines in serum and myocardium. Finally, we found a positive correlation between cardiac and systemic cortistatin levels and EAM severity. Conclusions and Implications Cortistatin emerges as a new candidate to treat inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy.
Conformational studies on peptides. X-ray structure determinations of six N-methylated cyclic dipeptides derived from alanine, valine, and phenylalanine (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational studies on peptides. X-ray structure determinations of six N-methylated cyclic dipeptides derived from alanine, valine, and phenylalanineEttore Benedetti, Richard E. Marsh, and Murray GoodmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 21, 6676–6684Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00437a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00437a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ultrahigh-Speed Optical Coherence Tomography for Three-Dimensional and En Face Imaging of the Retina and Optic Nerve Head (2008)

Ultrahigh-speed OCT imaging of the retina and optic nerve head at 249,000 axial scans per second is possible. The improvement of approximately 5 to 10x in imaging speed over commercial spectral/Fourier domain OCT technology enables higher density raster scan protocols and improved performance of en face visualization methods. The combination of the longer wavelength and ultrahigh imaging speed enables excellent visualization of the choroid, sclera, and lamina cribrosa.
Architecture and design of a second-level cache chip with copy-back and 160 MB/s burst-transfer features (1990)

The authors describe the architecture and design of a second-level cache chip which supports high-speed (160-Mb/s) burst transfer between multilevel caches and a newly proposed cache-consistency protocol. This chip includes a 32-kB data memory as well as a 42-kb tag memory and 21.7 K-gate logic, and it supports a 50-MHz CPU. Performance and design results are presented
Linamarase Expression in Cassava Cultivars with Roots of Low- and High-Cyanide Content (2002)

This paper reports the expression and localization of linamarase in roots of two cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivars of low and high cyanide. Two different patterns of linamarase activity were observed. In the low-cyanide type, young leaves displayed very high enzyme activity during the early plant growing stage (3 months), whereas in root peel, the activity increased progressively to reach a peak in 11-month-old plants. Conversely, in the high-cyanide cultivar (HCV), root peel linamarase activity decreased during the growth cycle, whereas in expanded leaves linamarase activity peaked in 11-month-old plants. The accumulation of linamarin showed a similar pattern in both cultivars, although a higher concentration was always found in the HCV. Linamarase was found mainly in laticifer cells of petioles and roots of both cultivars with no significant differences between them. At the subcellular level, there were sharp differences because linamarase was found mainly in the cell walls of the HCV, whereas in the low-cyanide cultivar, the enzyme was present in vacuoles and cell wall of laticifer cells. Reverse transcriptase-PCR on cassava tissues showed no expression of linamarase in cassava roots, thus, the transport of linamarase from shoots to roots through laticifers is proposed.
Supplementary Figure 2 from JNK Pathway Activation Modulates Acquired Resistance to EGFR/HER2–Targeted Therapies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Validation of RTK overexpression.&lt;/p&gt;
Unintended Consequences of Premature PSA Utilization (2018)

The premature use of some medical innovations has led to unintended negative consequences. One example of unintended consequences was Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer. Without a full understanding of PSA normal values there was indiscriminate over use of prostate biopsies. Frequently these biopsies diagnosed nonaggressive prostate cancers which cause no harm. As a result, thousands of men underwent unnecessary treatments.
Carbonyl sulfide/carbon chemistry: (Final report) (1986)

This study examined the effects of treating isotropic char, coal tar, and coal with carbonyl sulfide, OCS. The substrates were treated with moderate pressures of OCS at 400-550/sup 0/C for several hours. Gas chromatographic analyses showed that the autoclave gases contained CO, CO/sub 2/, H/sub 2/S, and unreacted OCS as the principal components after reaction. The predominant reaction was the decomposition of OCS to CO and S. Sulfur percentages for all of the treated substrates were increased by 10% or more. Polarized light reflectance microscopy showed that anisotropic carbon (mesopase) was present in coal samples treated with sulfur gases. The study demonstrates that OCS is a potent resulfurization agent for all of the substrates examined. Cabonyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide, included in the study for comparison, facilitate the formation of mesophasic structures in the coal studied. 9 refs., 6 figs., 12 tabs.
The Influence of Surface Absorption Characteristics on Reactively Sputtered Films (1972)

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Utility of Porcine-Derived Xenograft as an Adjunct to Split-Thickness Skin Grafting in Lower-Extremity Wounds (2021)

Application of PXBDs for wound bed preparation had no effect on wound healing compared with no wound bed preparation. The two groups varied only by mean age and hemoglobin A1c level. The PXBD may be beneficial, but these results call for randomized controlled trials to determine the true impact of PXBDs on wound healing. In addition, PXBDs may have utility outside of clinically oriented outcomes, and future work should address patient-reported outcomes and pain scores with this adjunct.
Comprehensive characterization of sortase A‐dependent surface proteins in Streptococcus mutans (2021)

Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic pathogen, adheres to the tooth surface and forms a biofilm. Bacterial cell surface proteins are associated with adherence to substrates. Sortase A (SrtA) mediates the localization of proteins with an LPXTG motif-containing proteins to the cell surface by covalent binding to peptidoglycan. In S. mutans UA159, six SrtA-dependent proteins, SpaP, WapA, WapE, DexA, FruA, and GbpC, were identified. Although some of these proteins were characterized, a comprehensive analysis of the six proteins has not been reported. In this study, we constructed mutants deficient in each of these proteins and the SrtA-deficient mutant. The SrtA-deficient mutant showed drastically decreased binding to salivary components, biofilm formation, bacterial coaggregation activity, hydrophobicity, and cellular matrix binding (collagen type I, fibronectin, and laminin). The SpaP-deficient mutant showed significantly reduced binding to salivary components and partially increased coaggregation with Porphyromonas gingivalis, and decreased hydrophobicity, and collagen binding. The WapA-deficient mutant showed slightly decreased coaggregation with Fusobacterium nucleatum. Although the SrtA-deficient mutant showed drastically altered phenotypes, all SrtA-dependent protein-deficient mutants, except the SpaP-deficient mutant, did not show considerable alterations in binding to salivary components. These results indicate that the six proteins may coordinately contribute to these activities. In addition, using genomic data of 125 S. mutans strains, the amino acid sequences of each surface protein were compared and many variations were found among strains, which may affect the phenotype of cell surface proteins in S. mutans.
Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Structural Studies on the Intermediate Composition Region of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbZrO3 Ceramics (2001)

Binary solid solutions of the x Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 –(1- x )PbZrO 3 system were synthesized by the conventional ceramic process, where both constituents are not ferroelectric in their ceramic forms. Various physical properties of highly dense ceramic specimens with various compositions were investigated. As a result, structural conversion between the perovskite and the pyrochlore phase was found to occur in the range of x =0.4 to 0.7. In this region, the ratio of the perovskite to the pyrochlore phase increased with the increase in sintering temperature, and relaxor-type ferroelectricity was observed. Dielectric constants were also found to be very sensitive to the variation in the ratio of these two phases. A ferroelectric perovskite single phase was shown to exist in the range of x of approximately 0.1 to 0.4. Maximum values obtained are as follows: remanent polarization P r =28.8 µC/cm 2 , electromechanical coupling factors k 31 =11.0%, k P =18.8% and k 33 =37.2%, and piezoelectric constants d 31 =20.9×10 -12 C/N and d 33 =74.1×10 -12 C/N.
High bacterial load in negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) foams used in the treatment of chronic wounds (2013)

No earlier study has investigated the microbiology of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) foam using a standardized manner. The purpose of this study is to investigate the bacterial load and microbiological dynamics in NPWT foam removed from chronic wounds (>3 months). To determine the bacterial load, a standardized size of the removed NPWT foam was sonicated. The resulting sonication fluid was cultured, and the colony-forming units (CFU) of each species were enumerated. Sixty-eight foams from 17 patients (mean age 63 years, 71% males) were investigated. In 65 (97%) foams, ≥ 1 and in 37 (54%) ≥ 2 bacterial types were found. The bacterial load remained high during NPWT treatment, ranging from 10(4) to 10(6) CFU/ml. In three patients (27%), additional type of bacteria was found in subsequent foam cultures. The mean bacterial count ± standard deviation was higher in polyvinyl alcohol foam (6.1 ± 0.5 CFU/ml) than in polyurethane (5.5 ± 0.8 CFU/ml) (p = 0.02). The mean of log of sum of CFU/ml in foam from 125 mmHg (5.5 ± 0.8) was lower than in foam from 100 mmHg pressure (5.9 ± 0.5) (p = 0.01). Concluding, bacterial load remains high in NPWT foam, and routine changing does not reduce the load.
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins A and B Enhance Rhinovirus Replication in A549 Cells (2007)

Background Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) have been reported to be important in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). To elucidate the pathophysiological responses in the nasal mucosae of CRS patients associated with rhinovirus (RV) infection, we investigated the effects of SEA and SEB on RV infection in A549 cells. Methods Changes in expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1 were assessed by flow cytometry, and effects on cytokine secretion were measured by ELISA. The changes of ICAM-1, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA were assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effect of RV replication in the cells was assessed by viral culture, followed by determination of viral titer. Results RV infection increased ICAM-1 expression and cytokine secretion, but the SEs did not further increase the RV-induced expression of ICAM-1, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA and protein. The SEs, however, induced dose-dependent increases in viral titer. Conclusion SEA and SEB enhanced rhinoviral replication in airway epithelial cells, indicating that airway epithelial cells with CRS are more favorable environments for RV infection.