gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HDDD2 is a familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin‐positive, tau‐negative inclusions caused by a missense mutation in the signal peptide of progranulin (2006)

HDDD2 is an FTLD-U caused by a missense mutation in the PGRN gene that cosegregates with the disease and with the disease haplotype in at-risk individuals. This mutation is the first reported pathogenic missense mutation in the signal peptide of the PGRN gene causing FTLD-U. In light of the previous reports of null mutations and its position in the gene, two possible pathological mechanisms are proposed: (1) the protein may accumulate within the endoplasmic reticulum due to inefficient secretion; and (2) mutant RNA may have a lower expression because of degradation via nonsense-mediated decay.
Control of flow around a low Reynolds number airfoil using longitudinal strips (2018)

Longitudinal strips are suggested as a new device that can significantly increase the aerodynamic performance of a low Reynolds number airfoil at post-stall angles of attack. Its mechanism relies on the generation of corner vortices that delay flow separation on the airfoil suction surface.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Indole Derivatives Fused with Bicyclo[3.2.1]octane Framework. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inexpensive digital thermometer for measurements on semiconductors (1991)

Abstract An inexpensive digital thermometer for measurements on semiconductors has been designed and constructed using standard integrated circuits and a liquid crystal display panel. The equipment, which operates over the temperature range − 200°C to + 200°C, utilizes a type-K thermocouple as the temperature sensor and features electronic cold junction compensation. An analogue signal derived from the thermocouple is routed to an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) whose output codes correspond to EPROM addresses in which linearized temperature output codes are stored. The instrument is accurate to ±1°C over the entire temperature range when a 10-bit ADC is used, although in principle this may be improved to ±0.1°C by the use of a 14-bit ADC.
Participation, retention, and associated factors of women in a prospective multicenter study on Chlamydia trachomatis infections (FemCure) (2020)

Prospective studies are key study designs when attempting to unravel health mechanisms that are widely applicable. Understanding the internal validity of a prospective study is essential to judge a study's quality. Moreover, insights in possible sampling bias and the external validity of a prospective study are useful to judge the applicability of a study's findings. We evaluated participation, retention, and associated factors of women in a multicenter prospective cohort (FemCure) to understand the study's validity.Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infected adult women, negative for HIV, syphilis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were eligible to be preselected and included at three sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in the Netherlands (2016-2017). The planned follow-up for participants was 3 months, with two weekly rectal and vaginal CT self-sampling and online questionnaires administered at home and at the clinic. We calculated the proportions of preselected, included, and retained (completed follow-up) women. Associations with non-preselection, noninclusion, and non-retention (called attrition) were assessed (logistic and Cox regression).Among the 4,916 women, 1,763 (35.9%) were preselected, of whom 560 (31.8%) were included. The study population had diverse baseline characteristics: study site, migration background, high education, and no STI history were associated with non-preselection and noninclusion. Retention was 76.3% (n = 427). Attrition was 10.71/100 person/month (95% confidence interval 9.97, 12.69) and was associated with young age and low education. In an outpatient clinical setting, it proved feasible to include and retain women in an intensive prospective cohort. External validity was limited as the study population was not representative (sampling bias), but this did not affect the internal validity. Selective attrition, however (potential selection bias), should be accounted for when interpreting the study results.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Proline Oxidase Promotes Tumor Cell Survival in Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironments (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 48K, POX mRNA increases in MDA-MB-231 HRE-EGFP breast cancer cells exposed to hypoxia&lt;/p&gt;
Enzyme Inhibition (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Mechanisms of Enzyme Inhibition Competitive Inhibition Noncompetitive Inhibition Uncompetitive Inhibition Product Inhibition Transition-State Analogs Slow, Tight-Binding Inhibitors Mechanism-Based Inactivators Inhibitors That Are Metabolized to Reactive Products That Covalently Attach to the Enzyme Substrate Inhibition Partial Inhibition Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Reversible Inhibitors Quasi-Irreversible Inhibitors Mechanism-Based Inactivators References
Effect of Molecular Weight on Physical and Crystallization Properties of UHMW-poly [<i>(R)</i>-3-hydroxybutyrate-<i>co-(R)</i>-3-hydroxyhexanoate] (2018)

Ultra-high-molecular-weightpoly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3.2 mol%-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] (UHMW-PHBH),withaweight-average molecular weight (Mw) of approximately 400×104, is extracted from genetically engineered microbial cells via an optimized solvent extraction method. PHBH polymers with various molecular weights (various MW-PHBHs) are prepared from the UHMW-PHBH using H2SO4 treatment. The thermal properties and spherulite growth morphology of the UHMW-PHBH and various MW-PHBHs are analyzed in order to investigate the properties of UHMW-PHBH and the effect of the molecular weight on the above properties. The value of Tm and Tg were same regardless of Mw above 62 × 104. The crystallization half time (t1/2), as an index of overall crystallization speed, of UHMW-PHBH did not change, compared with that of normal molecular weight PHBH. The observation of crystallization morphology revealed that molecular chains with high-molecular-weight lead to decrease the growth rate of spherulite and increase the crystal nuclei forming frequency. Drawn films of UHMW-PHBH are prepared by one-step or two-step cold-draw methods, and their mechanical properties and highly ordered structure are analyzed by tensile tests and X-ray measurements, respectively. One-step cold-drawn UHMW-PHBH films exhibit enhanced properties relative to those of normal-molecular-weight PHBH. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering reveal that the one-step cold-drawn UHMW-PHBH possesses the rare β-form crystal structure. Additionally, the β-form crystal are increased drastically after two-step drawing process with increasing tensile stress. The crystal structure of those films were also investigated by synchrotron X-ray.
Variation of optical and solid state properties with post deposition annealing in PVA-Capped MnO2 thin films (2010)

"nO2 thin films were synthesized on glass substrate by chemical bath deposition technique within the pores of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at room temperature. The chemical bath for the deposition of MnO2 is made up of solution of MnCl4, NH4Cl, NH3, and PVA solution. The deposited films were annealed in air at 473K and 673K and characterized for the structural, morphological and optical properties. These properties were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy and optical spectrophotometer for their potential application in solar energy devices. From the absorption spectra, the calculated direct and indirect band gap energies lie respectively in the range of 1.8 ¿ 2.5 eV and 0.8 and 1.2 eV. The films show good transmittance in the near infrared region of the solar spectrum. Post deposition annealing affects both the optical and solid state properties of the films."
Acoustic discrimination between aircraft and land vehicles using nonlinear dynamical signal models (2002)

One of the most important applications of nonlinear dynamics is the estimation of empirical dynamical models from data, in order to explain time series derived from physical processes. Such derived models can then be used for a variety of data processing applications, in particular for detection and classification problems. Previously, we presented a theory and numerical approach for the estimation of such nonlinear dynamical models in the detection and classification of acoustic data. Here, we apply these ideas to perform discrimination between aircraft and land vehicles based on acoustic signature recordings, derived from a field test of the USA Army.
Statistical language models for on-line handwritten sentence recognition (2005)

This paper investigates the integration of a statistical language model into an on-line recognition system in order to improve word recognition in the context of handwritten sentences. Two kinds of models have been considered: n-gram and n-class models (with a statistical approach to create word classes). All these models are trained over the Susanne corpus and experiments are carried out on sentences from this corpus which were written by several writers. The use of a statistical language model is shown to improve the word recognition rate and the relative impact of the different language models is compared. Furthermore, we illustrate the interest to define an optimal cooperation between the language model and the recognition system to re-enforce the accuracy of the system.
[Effect of adhesion promoting monomers on adhesion to ground dentin]. (1990)

Effect of adhesion promoting monomers dissolved in photocurable bonding agents on adhesion to ground dentin was investigated. They were MDP, Phosmer-M and 4-MET. The effect of those monomers was compared with that of Phenyl-P. The bonding agents contained campherquinone (CQ) as a photosensitizer, N-phenylglycine (NPG) as a reducing agent and TEGDMA as a base monomer. Phenyl-P was the best adhesion promoting monomer among those studied monomers. MDP could not polymerize well enough to give good bond strength. Phosmer-M could permeate through the smeared layer but could not make a stable resin reinforced dentin. 4-MET did not permeate through the smeared layer and did not adhere to ground dentin.
Kömür Madenciliğinde Bilgisayara Dayalı İzleme ve Kontrol Sistemleri, Gelişimi ve Uygulama Alanları (1989)

Bu yazıda kömür madenciliğinde bilgisayara dayalı izleme ve kontrol sistem­leri ve sistemlerin ana fonksiyonları tanıtılmıştır. Yeraltı ve açık ocak işletmeleri için en yaygın kullanım alanları kısaca belirtilmiş, ancak kamyon sevk sistemin­de detaya girilmiştir. Yeraltı işletmelerinde kullanılan izleme ve kontrol sistemle­rinin mevcut durumu hakkında kısa bilgi verildikten sonra Türkiye yeraltı vé açık ocak işletmeciliğinde kullanılan sistemler özetlenmiştir
Identification of the iron-boron line spectrum in silicon (1993)

A new line spectrum at about 860 meV has been observed in silicon co-doped with iron and boron. The isochronal annealing behaviour of this line spectrum and the FeB centre was studied by transmission spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), respectively. The good agreement between the two measurements strongly suggests that the line spectrum originates from excitations at the trigonal FeB pair complex, well known from previous EPR studies. The positions of the FeB donor and acceptor levels were estimated to be at Ev+110 meV and Ec-275 meV respectively, in close agreement with previously reported values for the FeB pair. Furthermore, the energy difference between the ground and first excited states of this centre was determined to be 1.09 meV, which compares favourably with the 0.75 meV EPR value previously obtained.
A Computer Vision Approach for Automatically Mining and Classifying End of Life Products and Components (2015)

The authors of this work present a computer vision approach that discovers and classifies objects in a video stream, towards an automated system for managing End of Life (EOL) waste streams. Currently, the sorting stage of EOL waste management is an extremely manual and tedious process that increases the costs of EOL options and minimizes its attractiveness as a profitable enterprise solution. There have been a wide range of EOL methodologies proposed in the engineering design community that focus on determining the optimal EOL strategies of reuse, recycle, remanufacturing and resynthesis. However, many of these methodologies assume a product/component disassembly cost based on human labor, which hereby increases the cost of EOL waste management. For example, recent EOL options such as resynthesis, rely heavily on the optimal sorting and combining of components in a novel way to form new products. This process however, requires considerable manual labor that may make this option less attractive, given products with highly complex interactions and components. To mitigate these challenges, the authors propose a computer vision system that takes live video streams of incoming EOL waste and i) automatically identifies and classifies products/components of interest and ii) predicts the EOL process that will be needed for a given product/component that is classified. A case study involving an EOL waste stream video is used to demonstrate the predictive accuracy of the proposed methodology in identifying and classifying EOL objects.
A return mapping algorithm for plane stress elastoplasticity (1986)

Abstract An unconditionally stable algorithm for plane stress elastoplasticity is developed, based upon the notion of elastic predictor‐return mapping (plastic corrector). Enforcement of the consistency condition is shown to reduce to the solution of a simple nonlinear equation. Consistent elastoplastic tangent moduli are obtained by exact linearization of the algorithm. Use of these moduli is essential in order to preserve the asymptotic rate of quadratic convergence of Newton methods. The accuracy of the algorithm is assessed by means of iso‐error maps. The excellent performance of the algorithm for large time steps is illustrated in numerical experiments.
Eliglustat tartrate (2010)

Eliglustat tartrate (Genz-112638) is a novel, orally administered agent currently in development for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders, including type 1 Gaucher disease and Fabry disease. This glucosylceramide analogue acts as an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase, a Golgi complex enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glucosylceramide from ceramide and UDP-glucose and is the first step in the formation of glucocerebroside-based glycosphingolipids. Pre-clinical pharmacological studies demonstrate that the agent has a high therapeutic index, excellent oral bioavailability and limited toxicity. Phase I studies in healthy volunteers revealed limited toxicity with an excellent pharmacodynamic response, as measured by decreased plasma glucosylceramide concentrations. Phase II studies in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease have demonstrated promising clinical responses, as measured by decreases in spleen size, improvement in hemoglobin concentrations and increased platelet counts. Two randomized phase III trials testing the efficacy and safety of eliglustat tartrate are currently in progress.
A MicroRNA (mmu-miR-124) Prevents Sox9 Expression in Developing Mouse Ovarian Cells1 (2013)

In mammals, sex differentiation depends on gonad development, which is controlled by two groups of sex-determining genes that promote one gonadal sex and antagonize the opposite one. SOX9 plays a key role during testis development in all studied vertebrates, whereas it is kept inactive in the XX gonad at the critical time of sex determination, otherwise, ovary-to-testis gonadal sex reversal occurs. However, molecular mechanisms underlying repression of Sox9 at the beginning of ovarian development, as well as other important aspects of gonad organogenesis, remain largely unknown. Because there is indirect evidence that micro-RNAs (miRNA) are necessary for testicular function, the possible involvement of miRNAs in mammalian sex determination deserved further research. Using microarray technology, we have identified 22 miRNAs showing sex-specific expression in the developing gonads during the critical period of sex determination. Bioinformatics analyses led to the identification of miR-124 as the candidate gene for ovarian development. We knocked down or overexpressed miR-124 in primary gonadal cell cultures and observed that miR-124 is sufficient to induce the repression of both SOX9 translation and transcription in ovarian cells. Our results provide the first evidence of the involvement of a miRNA in the regulation of the gene controlling gonad development and sex determination. The miRNA microarray data reported here will help promote further research in this field, to unravel the role of other miRNAs in the genetic control of mammalian sex determination.
Gene‐specific amplicons from metagenomes as an alternative to directed evolution for enzyme screening: a case study using phenylacetaldehyde reductases (2016)

Screening gene-specific amplicons from metagenomes (S-GAM) is a highly promising technique for the isolation of genes encoding enzymes for biochemical and industrial applications. From metagenomes, we isolated phenylacetaldehyde reductase (par) genes, which code for an enzyme that catalyzes the production of various Prelog's chiral alcohols. Nearly full-length par genes were amplified by PCR from metagenomic DNA, the products of which were fused with engineered par sequences at both terminal regions of the expression vector to ensure proper expression and then used to construct Escherichia coli plasmid libraries. Sequence- and activity-based screening of these libraries identified different homologous par genes, Hpar-001 to -036, which shared more than 97% amino acid sequence identity with PAR. Comparative characterization of these active homologs revealed a wide variety of enzymatic properties including activity, substrate specificity, and thermal stability. Moreover, amino acid substitutions in these genes coincided with those of Sar268 and Har1 genes, which were independently engineered by error-prone PCR to exhibit increased activity in the presence of concentrated 2-propanol. The comparative data from both approaches suggest that sequence information from homologs isolated from metagenomes is quite useful for enzyme engineering. Furthermore, by examining the GAM-based sequence dataset derived from soil metagenomes, we easily found amino acid substitutions that increase the thermal stability of PAR/PAR homologs. Thus, GAM-based approaches can provide not only useful homologous enzymes but also an alternative to directed evolution methodologies.
DEVELOPMENT OF COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEMS AT DELPHI AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS (1998)

Since the late 1980s, Delphi Automotive Systems has been very involved with the practical development of a variety of Collision Avoidance products for the near- and long-term automotive market. Many of these products will incorporate the use of millimeter-wave radar sensors as the primary detection sensor for use in the detection and identification of primary objects that pose a conflicting threat to the host vehicle. The design of these products have been approached from a system perspective, with a particular emphasis placed on performance, package size, and cost. The critical issues and other technical challenges in developing these systems will be explored 1. INTRODUCTION Tremendous progress has been made since the 1960&amp;apos;s with regards to vehicle safety. Early safety approaches emphasized precaution (e.g., surviving a crash) and focused on such passive devices as seat belts, air bags, crash zones, and lighting. These improvements have dramatically reduced the rate of crashrelated ...
A Novel and Simple Method for Laboratory Diagnosis of Relapsing Fever Borreliosis (2008)

Relapsing fever caused by Borrelia bacteria is often obscured by malaria and incorrectly treated. Here a novel method for diagnosis is presented. The method is cheap, simple and requires minimal laboratory material. Despite its simplicity, the method shows surprisingly high sensitivity, detecting concentrations less than 10 bacteria/ml blood.
Exercising divers' thermal protection as a function of water temperature. (2011)

Physiological adjustments and passive thermal insulation are not sufficient to protect divers in the cold and warm waters experienced by sport, professional and military divers. In a previous study of resting subjects, divers were protected by actively heated/cooled water that perfused a six-zone (head, torso, arms, hands, legs and feet) tube suit. Subsequently a self-contained diver thermal protection system (DTPS) was developed and used in this study to test male divers (n = 8) wearing a 6-mm foam neoprene wetsuit in water temperatures (T(W)) of 10 degrees C-39 degrees C at 4 feet in depth. The DTPS is a scuba backpack containing five thermoelectric devices that heat/cool water to 30 degrees C, six pumps that circulate the water through a six-zone tube suit via two manifolds, and an electronic controller. Skin temperatures (T(S), n = 17) and core temperature (T(C), capsule) were measured. The DTPS and each zone of the tube suit were also instrumented. Divers were tested with the DTPS operational (protected) and turned off (unprotected) for 90 minutes. In the unprotected condition, T(S) decreased and approached T(W), while T(C) trended to decrease over the exposure time. Mean T(S) as a function of T(W) was T(S) = 0.44 T(W) + 21.23 degrees C while unprotected, but T(S) = 0.19 T(W) + 27.1 degrees C when the diver was protected. The average total heating/cooling power required to protect the diver was 166 +/- 78W, 86 +/- 95W, 9 +/- 75W, 72 +/- 45W, 135 +/- 73W, 279 +/- 87W and 336 +/- 95W at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 39 degrees C water temperatures, respectively. This power requirement was nominally split 4%, 22%, 22%, 14%, 25% and 13% for head, torso, arms, hands, legs and feet, respectively. While unprotected, divers T(S) and T(C) did not remain within acceptable limits in T(W) below 25 degrees C or above 30 degrees C. When using the DTPS, however, they did remain within acceptable limits, and the divers reported they were comfortable.
Surgical nuances and construct patterns influence construct stiffness in C1-2 stabilizations: a biomechanical study of C1-2 gapping and advanced C1-2 fixation (2021)

This study is the first to show the loss of construct stiffness at C1-2 with gapping and increased restoration of stability using CLX and 6S3R constructs. In the correction of a craniocervical deformity, nuances in the surgical technique and advanced instrumentation may positively impact construct stability.
Comparison of Brain Temperature with Bladder and Rectal Temperatures in Adults with Severe Head Injury (1998)

Tbl and Tre often underrepresent Tbr after traumatic brain injury, particularly when the patient is hypo- or hyperthermic.
Modelling the Influence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Antigen Stability and Dose on the Bovine Immune Response (2012)

Foot and mouth disease virus causes a livestock disease of significant global socio-economic importance. Advances in its control and eradication depend critically on improvements in vaccine efficacy, which can be best achieved by better understanding the complex within-host immunodynamic response to inoculation. We present a detailed and empirically parametrised dynamical mathematical model of the hypothesised immune response in cattle, and explore its behaviour with reference to a variety of experimental observations relating to foot and mouth immunology. The model system is able to qualitatively account for the observed responses during in-vivo experiments, and we use it to gain insight into the incompletely understood effect of single and repeat inoculations of differing dosage using vaccine formulations of different structural stability.