gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectra and physical properties of liposomes and monolayers of polymerizable phospholipids containing diacetylene groups in one or both acyl chains (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectra and physical properties of liposomes and monolayers of polymerizable phospholipids containing diacetylene groups in one or both acyl chainsDavid Samuel Johnston, Larry R. McLean, Mary A. Whittam, Anthony D. Clark, and Dennis ChapmanCite this: Biochemistry 1983, 22, 13, 3194–3202Publication Date (Print):June 21, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 21 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00282a024https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00282a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views424Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibitory Effect of Monoacylglycerol on Fatty Acid Uptake into Rat Intestinal Epithelial Cells (2001)

We investigated the influence of glycerol esters on oleic acid uptake into IEC-6 cells. Monoolein, especially 2-monoacylglycerol, significantly inhibited the cellular uptake. Although diolein slightly inhibited the oleic acid uptake, triolein, glycerol and monooctanoate had no effect. These results suggest that after lipid digestion in the intestine, long-chain fatty acid uptake may be influenced by another digestive product, 2-monoacylglycerol.
A dinuclear aluminum 8-hydroxyquinoline complex with high electron mobility for organic light-emitting diodes (2003)

A dinuclear aluminum 8-hydroxyquinoline complex (DAlq3) with improved electron mobility was designed for organic light-emitting diodes. The electron mobility in DAlq3 was determined via transient electroluminescence (EL) from bilayer devices with structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB)/DAlq3/Mg:Ag. It was found that the electron mobility in DAlq3 is between 3.7–8.4×10−6 cm2/Vs at electric fields ranging between 1.2×106 and 4.0×106 V/cm, which is a factor of two higher than that in Alq3. The DAlq3 also shows a higher EL efficiency of 2.2 cd/A (1.2 Lm/W), as compared to Alq3 with an EL efficiency of 2.0 cd/A (1.0 Lm/W), which is attributed to more balanced electron and hole recombination due to the improved electron mobility of DAlq3.
Benefits of Octane-On-Demand in an E10-Gasoline Engine Vehicle Using an On-Board Fuel Separator (2022)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Knock in gasoline engines at higher loads is a significant constraint on torque and efficiency. The anti-knock property of a fuel is closely related to its research octane number (RON). Ethanol has superior RON compared to gasoline and thus has been commonly used to blend with gasoline in commercial gasolines. However, as the RON of a fuel is constant, it has not been used as needed in a vehicle. To wisely use the RON, an On-Board Separation (OBS) unit that separates commercial gasoline with ethanol content into high-octane fuel with high ethanol fraction and a lower octane remainder has been developed. Then an onboard Octane-on-demand (OOD) concept uses both fuels in varying proportion to provide to the engine a fuel blend with just enough RON to meet the ever changing octane requirement that depends on driving pattern.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this work, the authors assessed the OOD concept on a state-of-art high-efficiency SI engine in three tasks: (1) Comparison of performance characteristics of an up-to-date reference engine coupled with cylinder deactivation (CDA) system, with a similar OOD engine. (2) Study of the OOD engine performance at vehicle level. This involves interaction between the time-dependent onboard fuel separation process and fuel consumption under different driving cycles, such as FTP75 and US06. (3) Potential of the OOD concept for engine downsizing with the needed boosting to maintain maximum torque.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;It was found that overall mid-to-high load engine efficiency is improved significantly with the OOD engine. However, the improvement in the CDA operating region is small due to the higher combined pumping and friction losses at higher load region where knock occurs. At the vehicle level, the performance of OOD engine is dependent on the control strategy. With appropriate spark control strategy, the efficiency improvement with OOD engine is between 1% and 1.5%, depending on the aggressiveness of the driving pattern. The OOD concept is an attractive approach to increase efficiency of downsized engine. However, this requires the ethanol content in the pump fuel be significantly higher than currently typical 10% levels.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Nanostructured Semiconducting PEDOT–TiO2/ZnO Hybrid Composites for Nanodevice Applications (2016)

In this paper, we have developed a simple strategy for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposites of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–TiO2/ZnO (PZT) and demonstrated its application in a thermoelectric device. Hierarchical hetero-nanostructured TiO2/ZnO (ZTO) was prepared by a facile sol–gel process in the presence of a biocapping agent. PZT was prepared by in situ polymerization of EDOT in the presence of ZTO. It was characterized by UV–visible, FT-IR, XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, and AFM analyses. Results revealed homogeneous distribution of ZTO with a heterocrystalline phase of wurtzite ZnO/anatase TiO2 having high density of various defects in the hybrid nanocomposite. Studies showed that ZTO is excellently interfaced with highly ordered self-assembled extended π-layers of PEDOT chains, which could enhance the charge carrier concentration (3.92 × 1020 cm–3) and charge carrier mobility (0.83 cm2 V–1 s–1). Furthermore, we have demonstrated its application as a thermoelectric material by fabricating the device (Cu/PZT/Cu), which showed low thermal conductivity of 0.0495 Wm–1K–1, Seebeck coefficient of 19.05 μV K–1, power factor of 1.28 μW m–1K–2, and figure of merit of 4.8 × 10–3 at ambient temperature. All of these excellent material properties of PZT suggest its application as an active material for the fabrication of nanoelectronic devices with large area.
Embedded systems under shear: Relationship between shear-induced modes and frictional behavior (2000)

We study the relationship between macroscopic observables and microscopic modes generated in a monolayer embedded between two rigid plates, the upper one of which is externally driven. We investigate the frictional response of the driven system and its dependence on the lateral-normal coupled motions in terms of "shearons", which are shear-induced collective modes of the embedded system. It is proposed that analysis of the normal motion of the top plate might provide indications for these collective modes in actual experiments, and that frictional properties can be modified by changing their characteristics.
Routineproduktion von 68Ga-markierten Radiopharmaka: Erzeugung von 68Ga in einem Flüssigkeitstarget mit dem Zyklotron (2022)

Ziel/Aim Das Nuklid Gallium-68 (Ga-68) gewinnt in der PET zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die Produktion von Ga-68 mittels Flüssigkeitstarget ist eine elegante Lösung für die routinemäßige Herstellung von 68Ga-markierten Radiotracern. Ziel war die Etablierung eines routinetauglichen Verfahrens.
Effects of boron dopants of Si (001) substrates on formation of Ge layers by sputter epitaxy method (2013)

The formation of Ge layers on boron-doped Si (001) substrates by our sputter epitaxy method has been investigated. The surface morphology of Ge layers grown on Si substrates depends on the substrate resistance, and flat Ge layers are obtained on Si substrates with 0.015 Ω cm resistivity. Highly boron-doped Si substrates cause a transition in the dislocation structure from complex dislocations with 60° dislocation glide planes to 90° pure-edge dislocations, resulting in the formation of flat Ge layers. Furthermore, we have found that the surface morphology of the Ge layers improves with increasing Ge layer thickness. Ge atoms migrating on the deposited Ge layers tend to position themselves at the reactive sites, where the reactivity is related to the number of bonding contacts between the Ge atom and the surface. This modifies the surface morphology, resulting in a flatter surface. Boron dopants together with the sputter epitaxy method effectively suppress the growth of Ge islands and result in the formation of flat Ge layers.
Caspase‐mediated proteolysis during apoptosis: insights from apoptotic neutrophils (1998)

Apoptosis is initiated by activation of caspases (interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme homologues), which cause coordinated cleavage of several death substrates that function in structural or homeostatic pathways. The relationship between substrate cleavage and apoptosis is not yet known, nor is it clear whether cleavage of specific substrates is a critical requirement for apoptosis. The human neutrophil provides novel insights into the roles of proteolysis of specific substrates during apoptosis, since only a subset of caspase substrates are present in mature neutrophils. Of the death substrates we screened, PARP, the nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA), the 70 kDa subunit of the U1 small ribonucleoprotein (U1-70kDa) and the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK(CS)) were not detected in non-apoptotic neutrophils; in contrast, lamin B and fodrin were present in amounts similar to those found in other cells. Caspase-3 activity was absent in freshly isolated neutrophils, but was detected when neutrophils were aged in vitro, coincident with the onset of morphologic and biochemical apoptosis. The absence of PARP, NuMA, U1-70kDa and DNA-PK(CS) in non-apoptotic neutrophils suggests that these are not critical anti-apoptotic proteins, and that their fragments are not required components of the neutrophil apoptotic pathway. These studies highlight the conserved role of caspase activation in the apoptotic mechanism, and focus attention on several conserved structural substrates as potential transducers of the proteolytic signal in apoptosis.
Personalized expression of bitter ‘taste’ receptors in human skin (2018)

Abstract The integumentary (i.e., skin) and gustatory systems both function to protect the human body and are a first point of contact with poisons and pathogens. These systems may share a similar protective mechanism because both human taste and skin cells express mRNA for bitter ‘taste’ receptors ( TAS2Rs ). Here, we used gene-specific methods to measure mRNA from all known bitter receptor genes in adult human skin from freshly biopsied samples and from samples collected at autopsy from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project. Human skin expressed some but not all TAS2Rs , and for those that were expressed, the relative amounts differed markedly among individuals. For some TAS2Rs , mRNA abundance was related to sun exposure ( TAS2R14 , TAS2R30 , TAS2R42 , and TAS2R60 ), sex ( TAS2R3 , TAS2R4 , TAS2R8 , TAS2R9 , TAS2R14 , and TAS2R60 ), and age ( TAS2R5 ), although these effects were not large. These findings contribute to our understanding of extraoral expression of chemosensory receptors.
Curvilinear 3-D Imaging Using Row–Column-Addressed 2-D Arrays With a Diverging Lens: Phantom Study (2018)

A double-curved diverging lens over the flat row-column-addressed (RCA) 2-D array can extend its inherent rectilinear 3-D imaging field of view (FOV) to a curvilinear volume region, which is necessary for applications such as abdominal and cardiac imaging. Two concave lenses with radii of 12.7 and 25.4 mm were manufactured using RTV664 silicone. The diverging properties of the lenses were evaluated based on simulations and measurements on several phantoms. The measured FOV for both lenses in contact with tissue mimicking phantom was less than 15% different from the theoretical predictions, i.e., a curvilinear FOV of and for the 12.7- and 25.4-mm radii lenses. A synthetic aperture imaging sequence with single-element transmissions was designed for imaging down to 140 mm at a volume rate of 88 Hz. The performance was evaluated in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, FOV, and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of a focused beam. The penetration depths in a tissue mimicking phantom with 0.5-dB/(cm MHz) attenuation were 100 and 125 mm for the lenses with radii of 12.7 and 25.4 mm. The azimuth, elevation, and radial FWHM at 43-mm depth were (5.8, 5.8, 1) and (6, 6, 1) . The results of this study confirm that the proposed lens approach is an effective method for increasing the FOV, when imaging with RCA 2-D arrays.
Masters Students' Experiences of Learning to Program: An Empirical Model (2004)

The investigation reported here examined how Masters students experience learning to program. The phenomenographic research approach adopted permitted the analysis of 1) how students go about learning to program, that is the ‘Act’ of learning to program, and 2) what students understand by ‘programming’, that is the ‘Object’ of learning to program. Analysis of data from twenty-three participants identified five different experiences of the Act of learning to program and five different experiences of the Object of learning to program. Together the findings comprise an empirical model of the learning to program experience amongst the participating students. We suggest how our findings are significant for programming teachers and offer tools to explore students’ views.
Energy gap and surface structure ofYBa2Cu3O7−xprobed by scanning tunneling microscopy (1992)

We report the results of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) studies on high-quality single crystals of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$ (YBCO) which were cleaved in situ at 20 K prior to measurement. STS reveals an energy gap with 2\ensuremath{\Delta}/${\mathit{kT}}_{\mathit{c}}$=6--8 and conductance curves with small zero bias conductance. STM images show for the first time the complex atomic structure of the YBCO surface; atomic resolution disappears after heating to 70 K. Large features may be due to the electronic effects of oxygen disorder, and YBCO is shown to cleave between the BaO and CuO chain layers.
Importance of the 10-13 region of glucagon for its receptor interactions and activation of adenylate cyclase (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImportance of the 10-13 region of glucagon for its receptor interactions and activation of adenylate cyclaseJohn L. Krstenansky, Dev Trivedi, and Victor J. HrubyCite this: Biochemistry 1986, 25, 13, 3833–3839Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00361a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00361a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In Situ Surface Modification of Thin-Film Composite Polyamide Membrane with Zwitterions for Enhanced Chlorine Resistance and Transport Properties (2019)

High-performance chlorine-resistant thin-film composite (TFC) membranes with zwitterions were fabricated by in situ surface modification of polyamide with 2,6-diaminopyridine and the subsequential quaternization with 3-bromopropionic. The successful modification of the TFC polyamide surface with zwitterions was confirmed by various characterizations including surface chemistry, surface hydrophilicity, and surface charge. The transport performance of the membrane was measured in both of the cross-flow reverse osmosis (RO) and forward osmosis processes, and the results showed that the modified TFC membrane improved both of its water permeability and perm-selectivity with the increased A and A/ B ratios upon modification with zwitterions. The chlorination challenging experiments were performed to demonstrate that the modified membrane enhanced its chlorine resistance without affecting its salt rejection upon 16 000 ppm·h chlorination exposure. A chlorination mechanism study illustrated that the modified membrane with zwitterions could prevent the Orton rearrangement of the benzene ring of the polyamide layer. Importantly and excitingly, the optimal chlorinated TFC membrane with zwitterions achieved a very high water flux of 72.15 ± 2.55 LMH with 99.67 ± 0.09% of salt rejection in the cross-flow RO process under 15 bar.
Quantitative study of the gold-enhanced fluorescence of CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals as a function of distance using an AFM probe (2009)

We report total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) measurements using an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe to investigate the quantitative fluorescence profiles of CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals (NCs), which interact with gold surfaces, as a function of the gold-NC distance. First, a silica bead was glued to an AFM cantilever. CdSe/ZnS NCs were then immobilized on the silica-bead-functionalized AFM probe for control of the gold-NC distance, while a gold thin film served as the metal surface on a glass substrate. As a result of coexistent fluorescence resonance energy transfer and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) coupling, a strong enhancement was observed at 15 nm, while fluorescence suppression was seen at a proximal distance. For further quantitative discussions of the effects of the metal surface on the fluorescence behavior of single NCs, we introduced a gold-deposited silica bead onto the AFM cantilever to regulate the gold-NC distance. Subsequently, the CdSe/ZnS NCs were immobilized on a glass surface. As a result of compensation for the contribution of photobrightening, the NC fluorescence profile for the glass surface also clearly displayed the LSPR-coupled enhancement at 10 nm. In contrast, it was discovered that positioning of the gold surface at a proximal single NC gave rise to quenching of the NC fluorescence. Our findings suggest that a method using an NC-functionalized AFM probe allows us to quantitatively investigate the NC fluorescence under the effects not only of a metal surface but also of an evanescence field.
An unusual type of polymorphism in a liquid crystal (2018)

Polymorphism is a remarkable concept in chemistry, materials science, computer science, and biology. Whether it is the ability of a material to exist in two or more crystal structures, a single interface connecting to two different entities, or alternative phenotypes of an organism, polymorphism determines function and properties. In materials science, polymorphism can be found in an impressively wide range of materials, including crystalline materials, minerals, metals, alloys, and polymers. Here we report on polymorphism in a liquid crystal. A bent-core liquid crystal with a single chiral side chain forms two structurally and morphologically significantly different liquid crystal phases solely depending on the cooling rate from the isotropic liquid state. On slow cooling, the thermodynamically more stable oblique columnar phase forms, and on rapid cooling, a not heretofore reported helical microfilament phase. Since structure determines function and properties, the structural color for these phases also differs.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution on 1-Alkoxy-2-naphthoates with 1-Naphthyl Grignard Reagents. A Practical and Convenient Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,1′-Binaphthyl-2-carboxylates (1993)

Abstract 1-Naphthyl Grignard reagents efficiently displace the 1-alkoxyl group of 1-alkoxy-2-naphthoic esters to provide an easy access to the corresponding 1,1′-binaphthyl-2-carboxylates in excellent yields; isopropyl ester is bulky enough to prevent the Grignard addition to the ester carbonyl function. High levels of asymmetric induction (up to 98% optical yield) have been achieved in the joining of the two naphthalene rings by using 1-(l-p-menth-3-yloxy)-2-naphthoates, while the reaction of chiral alkyl esters of 1-methoxy-2-naphthoic acid proceeded with appreciable to moderate stereoselectivity. The probable reaction mechanisms are discussed for the binaphthyl coupling and the asymmetric induction.