gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Herbicide Subclasses by an Optical Multibiosensor Based on an Array of Photosystem II Mutants (2005)

Massive use of herbicides in agriculture over the last few decades has become a serious environmental problem. The residual concentration of these compounds frequently exceeds the maximum admissible concentration in drinking water for human consumption and is a real environmental risk for the aquatic ecosystem. Herbicides inhibiting photosynthesis via targeting photosystem II function still represent the basic means of weed control. A multibiosensor was constructed for detecting herbicides using as biosensing elements photosynthetic preparations coupled to an optical fluorescence transduction system (Giardi et al. EU patent EP1134585, 01830148.1-2204); this paper is about its application in the detection of herbicide subclasses in river water. Photosynthetic material was immobilized on a silicio septum inside a series of flow cells, close to diodes so as to activate photosystem II (PSII) fluorescence. The principle of the detection was based on the factthat herbicides selectively modify PSII fluorescence activity. The multibiosensor has the original feature of being able to distinguish the subclasses of the photosynthetic herbicides by using specific immobilized biomediators isolated from mutated organisms. This setup resulted in a reusable, portable multibiosensor for the detection of herbicide subclasses with a half-life of 54 h for spinach thylakoids and limit of detection of 3 x 10(-9) M for herbicides present in river water.
Application of in-situ non-invasive failure detection methods for wire bonds (2020)

Two in-situ failure detection methods by measuring acoustic emissions and transducer responses are presented to investigate the wire bond degradation failure during a highly accelerated mechanical fatigue test. This BAMFIT fatigue test is used to induce cyclic shear stresses in the bond interface until wire bond lift-off, operating at 60 kHz. The task was to incorporate non-invasive failure detection to identify the degree of degradation prior to end of life as an extension to the BAMFIT method and a possible quality control method. The acoustic emission investigations uses a Fabry Perot interferometer to detect high frequency emissions in the vicinity of the wire bond and detecting changes in the first three harmonics to identify a bond degradation. The transducer response approach observes systematic changes in the vibration and the damping behavior of the coupled resonance system by using the transducer as a piezo sensor. The results have shown that defective bond interconnect can be identified as early as ~50% of end of life, using high power but very short vibration pulses, and at ~80% for low power and completely non-invasive pulses. The obtained responses from the presented methods were correlated to the degree of degradation of the bond wire interface, by completing BAMFIT tests until end of life, cross section analysis as well as non-destructive X-ray computer tomography.
Study of the Saccharogenic Method for the Determination of Serum and Urine Amylase (1960)

Abstract A modification of Somogyi's saccharogenic method for the determination of amylase activity has been presented for serum and urine. The starch substrate employed is buffered sufficiently to control the pH of sera and urines. A study was made of the effect of varying enzyme and starch concentrations, pH, chloride and buffer concentrations, and temperature. Also studied were various starches and other substrates, several methods for quantitating reducing substances formed, stability of samples, precision, and normal values. Identification of intermediate and end products was made by paperchromatographic technics. Above a limiting concentration of starch, representing saturation of enzyme with substrate, a linear reaction rate was observed for a period of time that was found to be directly related to the initial starch concentration. Kjeldahl's law of proportionality has thus been confirmed for the ra-amylase activity of serum and urine. Evidence is presented that deviation from a linear reaction rate occurs at about the time the starch and high molecular weight dextrins no longer saturate the enzyme. Following this point, hydrolysis of lower molecular-weight sugars gradually becomes the preponderant reaction.
354 Clinical Trial of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Second Degree Burns: Prelim Results (2018)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used for many different applications directed at the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue. Previous studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of delivering bone marrow cells including MSCs to chronic wounds with substantial improvement in healing. However, information regarding the clinical use of allogenic MSCs in the treatment of burns is relatively unknown. We present the preliminary results of the first human clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of allogeneic MSCs in deep second degree burns. A Phase I/II dose escalation clinical trial evaluating 20 patients with second degree burns at 4 different dose levels ranging from 2,500 to 20,000 cells/ cm2. Wound measurements were taken at time of screening, prior to cell application, and post application until complete wound closure. The wound was traced and measured by digital analytical software. Digital photographs were taken at all time points from initial screening to all subsequent follow up visits. To evaluate safety, blood samples were collected before, during, and after receiving donor MSCs in order to determine their ability to induce an inflammatory cytokine response, using mixed donor MSC/recipient PBMC ELISA assays. Wounds were examined clinically for closure and scarring. To date, eleven patients received allogeneic MSC applications on their burn wounds. Of the eleven patients, five have received two administrations of MSCs. ELISA analysis revealed no substantial reaction in cytokine levels of INFγ and TNFα. IL-10 results were varied but no significant increase over baseline cytokine levels. These findings support the immune privileged/immunosuppressive effects of allogeneic MSCs. Wound closure and scarring were felt to be as good or better than expected (clinical and photographic). Preliminary results suggest allogeneic MSCs are safe when used on deep second-degree burns. The cytokine analysis demonstrates that MSCs are non-reactive in assays conducted before, during, and after treatment. Larger randomized trials will be required to demonstrate improvements in clinical outcomes. This trial supports the promise of stem cell based therapy in the treatment of burn wounds with a favorable safety profile using MSCs.
T-Rex : A Large Scale Alignment of Natural Language with Knowledge Base Triples (2017)

Several datasets with alignments between knowledge base triples and free text have been built, for several independent tasks, such as Relation Extraction, Knowledge base population, Relation Discovery…But where the others datasets have a small number of documents (<em>TAC-KBP</em>), only have the relations without the original documents (<em>FB15K-237</em>), have a little amount of relations (<em>Google-RE</em>), we present a dataset containing large-scale high-quality alignments between DBpedia abstracts and Wikidata triples, <em>T-REx</em>.
The New Politics of Judicial Elections 2000-2009: Decade of Change (2010)

The Brennan
Total Synthesis of (−)-Disorazole C1 (2021)

Disorazoles represent a powerful class of highly potent antitubulin natural products isolated from myxobacteria. Herein, we describe a scalable and robust synthesis of (−)-disorazole C1 with high stereoselectivity, featuring quite simple reaction conditions that can be used to produce large quantities of this remarkable biologically active compound.
How Much Knowledge Is Too Little? When a Lack of Knowledge Becomes a Barrier to Comprehension. (2019)

Have you ever found it difficult to read something because you lack knowledge on the topic? We investigated this phenomenon with a sample of 3,534 high school students who took a background-knowledge test before working on a reading-comprehension test on the topic of ecology. Broken-line regression revealed a knowledge threshold: Below the threshold, the relationship between comprehension and knowledge was weak (β = 0.18), but above the threshold, a strong and positive relation emerged (β = 0.81). Further analyses indicated that certain topically relevant words (e.g., ecosystem, habitat) were more important to know than others when predicting the threshold, and these keywords could be identified using natural-language-processing techniques. Collectively, these results may help identify who is likely to have a problem comprehending information on a specific topic and, to some extent, what knowledge is likely required to comprehend information on that topic.
SQUID multiplexing using baseband feedback for space application of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters (2009)

A microcalorimeter array based on a transition-edge sensor (TES) thermometer is a promising imaging spectrometer for use in future x-ray astronomy missions. A TES microcalorimeter achieves eV energy resolution and an array of >100 pixels also provides a moderate imaging capability. For a large format array, signal multiplexing at the low temperature stage is mandatory in order to reduce heat loads from cold stage preamplifiers and through wirings. We are developing frequency division multiplexing (FDM). In FDM, each TES is ac-biased with a different carrier frequency. Signals from several pixels are summed and then read out by one dc SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device). The maximum number of multiplexed pixels is limited by the bandwidth of a SQUID in a flux-locked loop. Assuming 1 m cable length between the room temperature and the cold stage, the bandwidth is only <1 MHz with a standard flux-locked loop, due to the delay and phase shift of wirings. We report our development of baseband feedback, a new feedback scheme that overcomes the bandwidth limitation. In baseband feedback, the signal ( kHz) from the TES is sent back to the SQUID after the phase of carrier frequency (∼1 MHz) has been adjusted. We demonstrated open-loop gain of 8 for 10 kHz signal at 5 MHz carrier frequency, which indicates the possibility of ∼40-pixel multiplexing of the TES signal.
Li2S–V2S3–LiI Bifunctional Material as the Positive Electrode in the All-Solid-State Li/S Battery (2022)

All-solid-state batteries with sulfur-based positive electrode active materials have been attracting global attention, owing to their safety and long cycle life. Li2S and S are promising positive electrode active materials for high energy density in these batteries because of high theoretical capacities. All-solid-state batteries with these active materials generally require the addition of solid electrolytes (SEs) and conductive carbons to the positive electrode layer to form ionic and electronic conducting pathways due to their insulating nature. In this study, we developed electrode–electrolyte bifunctional materials in the system Li2S–V2S3–LiI with high ionic and electronic conductivity. All-solid-state batteries with Li2S–V2S3–LiI in the positive electrode layer work without SEs and conductive carbons. In particular, an all-solid-state battery with 90(0.75Li2S·0.25V2S3)·10LiI (mol %) showed a high capacity of 370 mA h g–1 at 25 °C and retained 83% of the initial discharge capacity even after 100 cycles. 90(0.75Li2S·0.25V2S3)·10LiI were composed of LiVS2 and Li2S–LiI nanoparticles embedded in the amorphous matrix. Both LiVS2 and Li2S–LiI solid solution showed electrode activity, which contribute to the high reversible capacity. Our findings offer new solutions for increasing the energy density of all-solid-state batteries.
THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED THERMONUCLEAR REACTIONS. A Review of Selected Papers (1962)

The Salzburg conference on the above subjects, held from September 4 to 9, 1961 was organized by IAEA; 508 delegates from 29 countries and 6 international organizations took part in the proceedings. The papers presented at the sessions and the ensuing discussion will be published in a forthcoming issue of Nuclear Synthesis.'' A selection of the papers deemed most important is reviewed, presenting them under the following headings: I. Experimental studies--a. Fast processes; b. Quasistationary discharges in toroidal chambers; c. High-frequency heating methods and the confinement of the plasma; d. Magnetic traps; II. Theoretical problems. (TTT)
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling To Determine the Dose of ST-246 To Protect against Smallpox in Humans (2012)

Although smallpox has been eradicated, the United States government considers it a "material threat" and has funded the discovery and development of potential therapeutic compounds. As reported here, the human efficacious dose for one of these compounds, ST-246, was determined using efficacy studies in nonhuman primates (NHPs), together with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis that predicted the appropriate dose and exposure levels to provide therapeutic benefit in humans. The efficacy analysis combined the data from studies conducted at three separate facilities that evaluated treatment following infection with a closely related virus, monkeypox virus (MPXV), in a total of 96 NHPs. The effect of infection on ST-246 pharmacokinetics in NHPs was applied to humans using population pharmacokinetic models. Exposure at the selected human dose of 600 mg is more than 4-fold higher than the lowest efficacious dose in NHPs and is predicted to provide protection to more than 95% of the population.
Estimation of the Total Amorphous Content of Hawai'i Soils by the Rietveld Method (2000)

The crystalline and amorphous phases of the clay fraction of 10 agriculturally important Hawaiian surface soils were analyzed by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and the Rietveld method. The clay fraction of these soils was also analyzed by x‐ray fluorescence (XRF). A balance sheet method was used to assign the oxide content of the clays to the crystalline phases. The remaining oxides after the crystalline phases were accounted for served as an estimate of the chemical composition of the amorphous fraction. Amorphous phase mass fractions ranged from 0.28 to 0.77. Loss of weight on ignition (LOI) was found to be an important constituent of the amorphous fraction. Acid ammonium oxalate extractions were compared with the results of the Rietveld method. Because of the differences between the results of the two methods, it was apparent that they were determining different fractions of the amorphous material. The Rietveld method determines the total amorphous content of a sample, whereas oxalate extraction determines what we refer to as the chemically active portion of the amorphous fraction. The influence of the amorphous fraction on a soil's chemical and physical properties has remained speculative because the determination of the actual percentage of the total noncrystalline component was not possible by past analytical procedures. Furthermore, because the amorphous component is not considered in the Rietveld computation of the mass fraction breakout of the crystalline phases, estimates of the actual crystalline phases' mass fractions cannot be made without a reliable estimate of the total amorphous content.
Cholesterol transport between red blood cells and lipoproteins contributes to cholesterol metabolism in blood (2020)

Lipoproteins play a key role in transport of cholesterol to and from tissues. Recent studies have also demonstrated that red blood cells (RBCs), which carry large quantities of free cholesterol in their membrane, play an important role in reverse cholesterol transport. However, the exact role of RBCs in systemic cholesterol metabolism is poorly understood. RBCs were incubated with autologous plasma or isolated lipoproteins resulting in a significant net amount of cholesterol moved from RBCs to HDL, while cholesterol from LDL moved in the opposite direction. Furthermore, the bi-directional cholesterol transport between RBCs and plasma lipoproteins was saturable and temperature-, energy-, and time-dependent, consistent with an active process. We did not find LDLR, ABCG1, or scavenger receptor class B type 1 in RBCs but found a substantial amount of ABCA1 mRNA and protein. However, specific cholesterol efflux from RBCs to isolated apoA-I was negligible, and ABCA1 silencing with siRNA or inhibition with vanadate and Probucol did not inhibit the efflux to apoA-I, HDL, or plasma. Cholesterol efflux from and cholesterol uptake by RBCs from <i>Abca1</i><sup>+/+</sup> and <i>Abca1</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice were similar, arguing against the role of ABCA1 in cholesterol flux between RBCs and lipoproteins. Bioinformatics analysis identified ABCA7, ABCG5, lipoprotein lipase, and mitochondrial translocator protein as possible candidates that may mediate the cholesterol flux. Together, these results suggest that RBCs actively participate in cholesterol transport in the blood, but the role of cholesterol transporters in RBCs remains uncertain.
Influence Analysis of Coupled Neutronics and Thermo-Hydraulics on Steady-State Characteristics of Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor (2012)

the coulped neutronics and thermo-hydraulics model for supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR) is developed by internal coupling method. It is based on the two group neutron diffusion equations and the one-dimensional junction thermal analysis mode, in which the cross sections used for SCWR are generated by Dragon tool. Compared with the calculation results based on the non-coupling calculation model, the steady state characteristics under coupling calculation condition are detailed analyzed by considering parameters feedback at each axial node. The results show that, as coupled model is chosen its axial power distribution would give an obvious deviation from the cosine function that used for non-coupled model. Although the cladding temperature at most of the axial nodes rises with a shifted power peak, the maximum cladding temperature is finally decreased. For the above coupling condition, the maximum cladding temperature would appear at the external assemblies with lower coolant temperature but not at inner assemblies with higher coolant temperature. As the detailed description for coupling characteristics of supercritical water-cooled reactor is given, a certain theory reference for its system safety could be provided.
A language-modeling approach to inverse text normalization and data cleanup for multimodal voice search applications (2008)

In this paper we address two related challenges in multimodal local search applications on mobile devices: first, correctly displaying the business names, and second, harvesting language model training data from an inconsistently labeled corpus. We investigate the impact of common text normalization and the quality of language model training corpus on the accuracy of displayed results. We propose a new language model framework that eliminates the need for explicit inverse text normalization. The same framework can be applied to sift through corrupted language model training data. Our new language model is 25% more accurate while 25% smaller in size.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐Acylated Indoles Involving Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Indoles with α‐Amino Carbonyl Compounds. (2014)

Abstract It provides a new and efficient approach to a series of 3‐acylated indoles.
The Corn Smut (‘Huitlacoche’) as a New Platform for Oral Vaccines (2015)

The development of new alternative platforms for subunit vaccine production is a priority in the biomedical field. In this study, Ustilago maydis, the causal agent of common corn smut or 'huitlacoche'has been genetically engineered to assess expression and immunogenicity of the B subunit of the cholera toxin (CTB), a relevant immunomodulatory agent in vaccinology. An oligomeric CTB recombinant protein was expressed in corn smut galls at levels of up to 1.3 mg g-1 dry weight (0.8% of the total soluble protein). Mice orally immunized with 'huitlacoche'-derived CTB showed significant humoral responses that were well-correlated with protection against challenge with the cholera toxin (CT). These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using edible corn smut as a safe, effective, and low-cost platform for production and delivery of a subunit oral vaccine. The implications of this platform in the area of molecular pharming are discussed.
1524: Botulinum Toxin a Improves Refractory Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Symptoms (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Tuesday, May 11, 2004, 1:00 - 5:00pm1 Apr 20041524: Botulinum Toxin a Improves Refractory Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Symptoms Po-Hui Chiang, Chao-Cheng Huang, Kaohsiung Hsien, Naoki Yoshimura, and Michael B. Chancellor Po-Hui ChiangPo-Hui Chiang More articles by this author , Chao-Cheng HuangChao-Cheng Huang More articles by this author , Kaohsiung HsienKaohsiung Hsien More articles by this author , Naoki YoshimuraNaoki Yoshimura More articles by this author , and Michael B. ChancellorMichael B. Chancellor More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)38732-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1524: Botulinum Toxin a Improves Refractory Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Symptoms." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 401 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 401 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Po-Hui Chiang More articles by this author Chao-Cheng Huang More articles by this author Kaohsiung Hsien More articles by this author Naoki Yoshimura More articles by this author Michael B. Chancellor More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
CCDC 818332: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2011)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Temperature performance feedback for an intelligent reconfigurable reactor power controller (1994)

An experimental test bed for the development of power reactor intelligent control has been established and has already provided an evaluation of a robust optimal algorithm for improving reactor temperature response. The work described is developing a reactor demonstration of the fault-accommodating characteristics of a reconfigurable supervisory controller architecture, which was successfully demonstrated on a nuclear power plant feedwater system. The goal of the experimental program is to provide early identification and verification of possible control technologies for eventual incorporation in the digital controller upgrades planned for existing nuclear power plants by the year 2000.