gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The puzzle of RNA recombination (1999)

For more than three decades, RNA recombination remained a puzzle and has only begun to be solved in the last few years. The available data provide evidence for a variety of RNA recombination mechanisms. Non-homologous recombination seems to be the most common for RNA. Recent experiments in both the in vitro and the in vivo systems indicate that this type of recombination may result from various transesterification reactions which are either performed by RNA molecules themselves or are promoted by some proteins. The high frequency of homologous recombination manifested by some RNA viruses can be easier explained by a replicative template switch.
Identification of IGF binding proteins in bovine milk and the demonstration of IGFBP-3 synthesis and release by bovine mammary epithelial cells. (1999)

Insulin-like growth factor system components are synthesized and secreted by mammary epithelial cells and multiple IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) are found in milk of various species. This study was conducted to identify the IGFBP in bovine milk, to compare them with those found in blood, and to identify the cell(s) responsible for mammary IGFBP synthesis. Bovine blood, milk, and cell culture-conditioned media were analyzed and characterized with Western ligand blot procedures for specific IGFBP. Electrophoresis and [125I]IGF-II ligand blot analyses of the samples indicated that, unlike serum and mammary primary cell culture-conditioned media, milk required removal of casein in order to accurately disclose all IGFBP. Immunoprecipitation studies identified IGFBP-2, -3, -4, and -5 in blood, milk, and primary cell culture conditioned media. The IGFBP were present at higher concentrations in serum than in milk, and milk concentrations were greater than that shown in conditioned media from primary cultures of bovine mammary cells. Northern analysis detected IGFBP-3 messenger RNA in extracts from fresh tissue and cells in culture, and in situ hybridization studies with fresh tissue utilizing probes for IGFBP-3 and alphaS1-casein showed that the mRNA for IGFBP-3 is predominant in the secretory epithelial cells, when compared to other tissue cell types.
Magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites: nanoparticles growth mechanism and property analysis (2014)

The growth mechanism of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of graphite oxide (GO) has been investigated by varying the iron precursor dosage and reaction time (product donated as MP/GO). The synthesized magnetic NPs were anchored on the GO sheets due to the abundant oxygen-containing functionalities on the GO sheets such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and epoxy functional groups. The introduced NPs changed the intrinsic functionalities and lattice structure of the basal GO as indicated by FT-IR, Raman and XRD analysis, and this effect was enhanced by increasing the amount of iron precursor. Uniform distribution of NPs within the basal GO sheets and an increased particle size from 19.5 to 25.4, 31.5 and 85.4 nm were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) when increasing the weight ratio of GO to iron precursor from 10 : 1, to 5 : 1, 1 : 1 and 1 : 5, respectively. An aggregation of NPs was observed when increasing the iron precursor dosage or prolonging the reaction time from 1 to 8 h. Most functionalities were removed and the magnetic NPs were partially converted to iron upon thermal treatment under a reducing condition. The GO and MP/GO nanocomposites reacted for one and two hours (denoted as MP/GO1-1 h and MP/GO1-2 h) were converted from insulator to semiconductor after the annealing treatment as annealed GO (A-GO, 8.86 S cm−1), annealed MP/GO1-1 h (A-MP/GO1-1 h, 7.48 × 10−2 S cm−1) and annealed MP/GO1-2 h (A-MP/GO1-2 h, 7.58 × 10−2 S cm−1). The saturation magnetization was also enhanced significantly after the annealing treatment, increased from almost 0 to 26.7 and 83.6 emu g−1 for A-MP/GO1-1 h and A-MP/GO1-2 h, respectively.
Effects of Mangifera indica (Careless) on Microcirculation and Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Volunteers (2017)

A commercial <i>Mangifera indica</i> fruit powder (Careless) showed beneficial acute effects on microcirculation in a randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot study. Here, long-term effects on microcirculation and glucose metabolism were investigated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 3-arm parallel-design study in healthy individuals. A daily dose of 100 mg or 300 mg of the fruit powder was compared to placebo after supplementation for 4 weeks. Microcirculation and endothelial function were assessed by the Oxygen-to-see System and pulse amplitude tonometry, respectively. Glucose metabolism was assessed under fasting and postprandial conditions by capillary glucose and HbA1c values.Microcirculatory reactive hyperemia flow increased, especially in the 100 mg group (p = 0.025). The 300 mg of the <i>M. indica</i> fruit preparation reduced postprandial glucose levels by trend if compared to placebo (p = 0.0535) accompanied by significantly lower HbA1c values compared to baseline. Furthermore, 300 mg intake significantly improved postprandial endothelial function in individuals with decreased endothelial function after high-dose glucose intake (p = 0.0408; n = 11).In conclusion, the study suggests moderate beneficial effects of <i>M. indica</i> fruit preparation on microcirculation, endothelial function, and glucose metabolism.
Effects of auxiliary element gain on the performance of power minimization GPS CRPAs (2008)

Controlled reception pattern antennas (CRPAs), also referred to as adaptive or smart antennas, are an effective anti-jam measure for GPS communications. CRPAs are often employed in high interference environments so that reliable communications can be maintained at all times. Some undesirable characteristics of antennas makes it necessary to modify existing CRPAs in such a way that the auxiliary element gain is reduced when compared to the primary reference element. In most cases, the modifications present a compromise of communication performance. This is often the result of reduced auxiliary element gain of power minimization CRPAs.
Serum Alcohol Dehydrogenase, an Indicator of Intrahepatic Cholestasis (1968)

The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase, an enzyme present principally in liver tissue, was repetitively determined in the serums of 266 patients with hepatic and nonhepatic diseases. The enzyme was present only in patients with liver-cell necrosis. The level of serum activity reflected the extent of parenchymal necrosis, and in acute hepatitis the enzyme was present for as long as three weeks after onset of jaundice. Disappearance from the serum correlated with relief of intrahepatic cholestasis. In patients with hepatocellular necrosis and prolonged cholestasis persistent serum alcohol dehydrogenase activity was present while serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase values fell close to normal. Only three of 40 patients with jaundice secondary to extrahepatic biliary obstruction had serum alcohol dehydrogenase elevation. These results indicate that serum activity is a specific reflection of hepatocellular necrosis, a good index of intrahepatic cholestasis and of value in the differential diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction.
220 - 250-GHz Phased-Array Circuits in 0.13-/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS Technology (2013)

This paper describes the design of 220-250-GHz phased-array circuits in 0.13- μm BiCMOS technology. The design aspects of the active and passive devices that are used in the phased-array systems, such as balun, Wilkinson divider, and branch-line coupler, are presented in details. A millimeter-wave vector modulator is designed to support both amplitude and phase control for beam-forming applications. The designed circuits are integrated together to form a four-channel 220-250-GHz phased-array chip. Each channel exhibits 360° phase control with 18 dB of amplitude control. The entire chip draws 167 mA from a 3.3-V supply. The millimeter-wave phase shifting and the low-power consumption makes it ideal for highly integrated scalable beam-forming systems for both imaging, radiometry, and communication applications.
Intrabody buses for data and power (2002)

While wearable computers are empowering fashion accessories, they bring with them a tangle of wires which connect their parts. As these subsystems begin to decouple and operate on less power, it becomes possible to wirelessly distribute their required data and power using to the wearer's body. We have demonstrated systems that transmit and receive both data and power, and are working to combine the two.
Comments on “Evaluation of a Microfocused Ultrasound System for Improving Skin Laxity and Tightening in the Lower Face” (2015)

I commend Oni et al1 on a valuable clinical study of microfocused ultrasound treatment of the lower face and submentum; however, there are a few issues with their methodology.

First, submental area is dependent not only on the extent of cutaneous laxity, but also on the volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue. It is not inconceivable that patients with a mean age of 49.2 years might have reductions …
A High-Throughput Method to Detect Privacy-Sensitive Human Genomic Data (2015)

Finding the balance between privacy protection and data sharing is one of the main challenges in managing human genomic data nowadays. Novel privacy-enhancing technologies are required to address the known disclosure threats to personal sensitive genomic data without precluding data sharing. In this paper, we propose a method that systematically detects privacy-sensitive DNA segments coming directly from an input stream, using as reference a knowledge database of known privacy-sensitive nucleic and amino acid sequences. We show that adding our detection method to standard security techniques provides a robust, efficient privacy-preserving solution that neutralizes threats related to recently published attacks on genome privacy based on short tandem repeats, disease-related genes, and genomic variations. Current global knowledge on human genomes demonstrates the feasibility of our approach to obtain a comprehensive database immediately, which can also evolve automatically to address future attacks as new privacy-sensitive sequences are identified. Additionally, we validate that the detection method can be fitted inline with the NGS---Next Generation Sequencing---production cycle by using Bloom filters and scaling out to faster sequencing machines.
Fine-Tuning of the film thickness of ultrathin multilayer films composed of consecutively alternating layers of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes (2007)

We have recently introduced a new method of creating ultrathin films [1–3] based on the electrostatic attraction between opposite charges. Consecutively, alternating adsorption of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes leads to the formation of multilayer assemblies. Multilayer buildup is easily monitored by small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). The total thickness of the multilayer assemblies increases linearly with the number of adsorbed layers, indicating a stepwise and regular deposition process. — Here, we report on the fine-tuning of the total film thickness by changing the ionic strength of the solvent from which the polyelectrolytes are adsorbed. When the anionic polyelectrolyte is adsorbed from solutions containing 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mol/l NaCl, the average thickness of each oppositely charged layer pair is precisely adjusted to 17.7 Å, 19.4 Å, and 22.6 Å, respectively.
Comparison of the performance of transparent antennas elaborated from transparent conducting oxide films and mesh metal films (2013)

International audience
Concluding Remarks: Tontine Thinking (2022)

Abstract This concluding chapter of the book How to Build a Modern Tontine reviews the main rationale and objectives, provides a summary of the modern tontine mechanics and discusses some of the constraints imposed by its unique regulatory structure.
Development and In-Flight Testing of an Iodine Ion Thruster (2021)

The increase in the number of small satellite missions is enabling the development of new mission scenarios, requiring in turn further miniaturization of the systems onboard. An example is the deployment of small satellite constellations, which typically require onboard propulsion to perform phasing, collision avoidance and deorbit maneuvers. In this work we describe the development, testing and first in-space demonstration of a one Cubesat unit standalone iodine-fueled electric propulsion system based on a gridded ion thruster. The propulsion system, called NPT30-I2-1U, has all the subsystems necessary to its operation integrated inside the 1U volume, such as power processing unit, operation controller and iodine propellant storage and management. An inductively coupled RF plasma source is used for propellant ionization and a two-grid assembly for ion acceleration, while the beam neutralization is achieved with a cathode-neutralizer based on thermionic hot filament cathode. The propellant is solid iodine, stored in the internal unpressurized tank and sublimated during the operation. The system can provide up to 5500 Ns of total impulse at a specific impulse up to 2450 s and thrust levels of up to 1.1 mN in the range of input power of 35-65 W. Extreme miniaturization of the system is achieved through several innovations, including pipe-less propellant delivery, custom RF generation technology, a dedicated plasma ignition system and integrated thermal management. The necessary level of robustness and safety is achieved through implementation of reliability engineering approaches: system has built-in self-test and self-tuning algorithms and several layers of security loops. It should be mentioned, that the NPT30-I2-1U is the first iodine-fueled electric propulsion system launched to space and therefore many iodine-related aspects such as a propellant storage configuration, corrosion and sublimation control, iodine plume neutralization etc., have been tested in space for a first time.
A Ground-Based Urban 3D Data Acquisition and Processing System. (2004)

We have developed a novel ground-based 3D data acquisition and processing system for urban environment. Our system can automatically give RGB value of each sample point, and automatically extracts 3D features from urban scenes and registration of multiple range images in order to complete basic processing of 3D data. Our system is suitable for a variety of applications including historic sites, urban scene and indoor scene modeling.
Hepatic uptake and intestinal absorption of bile acids in the rabbit (1994)

The existence of transporters for bile acids (BA) in liver and intestine has been well documented, but information is still needed as to their respective transport capacity. In the present investigation, we compared the hepatic and intestinal transport rates for BA, using perfused livers and intestines. The livers and intestines were separately perfused and dose-response curves (0.25-10 mM) for tauroursodeoxycholate, taurocholate and taurodeoxycholate were obtained. The intestinal and mesenteric concentration and bile acid pattern were also evaluated in six non-fasting rabbits. Taurocholic, tauroursodeoxycholic and taurodeoxycholic acid ileal absorption showed saturation kinetics in the intestine as in the liver; the maximal uptake velocity for each bile acid in the liver was tenfold higher than the respective maximal transport velocity in the intestine; the Km values obtained in the liver were of the same order of magnitude, i.e. in the millimolar range. Taurocholic, tauroursodeoxycholic and taurodeoxycholic acid transport differences in the liver paralleled those in the intestine. Although the intestine was not homogeneously filled, the bile acid concentration in the ileal content fell into the range of the Km for the three studied bile acids, while the portal blood total bile acid concentration was inferior to the observed Kms of liver uptake. Therefore, both the hepatic and intestinal systems do not operate at their maximal transport rates at the prevailing concentrations in portal blood and luminal content, and the hepatic transport occurs at its highest efficiency (below the Km values) in physiological conditions.
Solution-Processed Earth-Abundant Cu2BaSn(S,Se)4 Solar Absorber Using a Low-Toxicity Solvent (2018)

Cu2BaSn(S,Se)4 (CBTSSe) has recently gained substantial attention as an alternative absorber material for photovoltaic (PV) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications due to the abundance of the constituent elements, a large absorption coefficient, tunable band gap ranging from 1.5 to 2 eV, and reduced tendency for antisite disorder relative to Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4. In this study, as an alternative to more expensive vacuum-based film-deposition processes, we report a low-toxicity solution-based process for the fabrication of high quality CBTSSe absorber layers with micrometer-scale film thickness and grain size. The facile process involves spin-coating an environmentally benign solution of highly soluble, inexpensive, and commercially available precursors, Ba(NO3)2, Cu(CO2CH3)2, and SnI2, followed by sequential sulfurization/selenization annealing. A high-temperature prebaking step under sulfur vapor is needed for each film layer to avoid forming the difficult-to-remove impurity phase, Ba(SO4), when starting from the soluble Ba(NO3)2 reagent. The solution-based CBTSSe films have been employed in a Pt/TiO2/CdS/CBTSSe photocathode structure (e.g., for water splitting), exhibiting an ∼10 mA/cm2 current density at 0 VRHE, comparable to that of vacuum-deposited CBTSSe PEC devices. Our approach for the fabrication of CBTSSe absorbers represents a first step in achieving low-cost and large-scale solution-processed solar devices based on this material.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation with Rhodium(I)–Chiral Diphosphinites. The Effect of the Dimethylamino Group of the Ligand on the Asymmetric Induction (1984)

Abstract New chiral diphosphinites were prepared starting from (+)-diethyl tartrate. The asymmetric hydrogenation of dehydroamino acids, itaconic acid and dehydrodipeptides was studied using Rh(I)-diphosphinite catalysts. In the hydrogenation of dehydroamino acid derivatives, an introducion of ω-(dimethylamino)alkyl group in the ligands did not raise the optical yield. By the use of Rh(I)-diphosphinite having 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group, the inversion of the preferred product was observed. Itaconic acid can be hydrogenated in a good optical yield (76% e.e.) by use of the diphosphinite having 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. The diphosphinites having ω-dimethylamino group gave high optical yields in the case of dehydrodipeptides with a chiral center. Especially Rh(I)-catalysts coordinated by diphosphinites with 4-methyl or 4-methoxyl group on the phenyl ring of the ligand gave excellent stereoselectivities (more than 98% d.e.) in the case of Ac–ΔPhe–(S)-Phe–OH. The effect of these new chiral diphosphinites on the asymmetric hydrogenation of dehydroamino acids, itaconic acid and dehydrodipeptides was discussed in terms of the stereocontrol induced by electrostatic interaction between the dimethylamino group of the ligand and the substrate and by the steric interaction between the ligand and the substrate.
Ultra-low loss and fabrication tolerant silicon nitride (Si3N4) (de-)muxes for 1-μm CWDM optical interconnects (2020)

Low-loss, fabrication-tolerant Si 3 N 4 CWDM lattice filters and AWGs are demonstrated for 990 – 1065nm bottom-emitting VCSELs. Channel separation of 25 nm, XT &lt; -35 dB and −20 dB are reported with temperature shift of 14.5 pm/°C.
Modern Imaging Techniques in Cardiomyopathies (2017)

Modern advanced imaging techniques have allowed increasingly more rigorous assessment of the cardiac structure and function of several types of cardiomyopathies. In contemporary cardiology practice, echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are widely used to provide a basic framework in the evaluation and management of cardiomyopathies. Echocardiography is the quintessential imaging technique owing to its unique ability to provide real-time images of the beating heart with good temporal resolution, combined with its noninvasive nature, cost-effectiveness, availability, and portability. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging provides data that are both complementary and uniquely distinct, thus allowing for insights into the disease process that until recently were not possible. The new catchphrase in the evaluation of cardiomyopathies is multimodality imaging, which is purported to be the efficient integration of various methods of cardiovascular imaging to improve the ability to diagnose, guide therapy, or predict outcomes. It usually involves an integrated approach to the use of echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of cardiomyopathies, and, on occasion, single-photon emission computed tomography and such specialized techniques as pyrophosphate scanning.
Supplementary Data from Intracellular Cholesterol Pools Regulate Oncogenic Signaling and Epigenetic Circuitries in Early T-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

Supplementary Data from Intracellular Cholesterol Pools Regulate Oncogenic Signaling and Epigenetic Circuitries in Early T-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
The novel chlamydial adhesin CPn0473 mediates the lipid raft‐dependent uptake ofChlamydia pneumoniae (2016)

Chlamydiae are Gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogens that pose a serious threat to public health worldwide. Chlamydial surface molecules are essential for host cell invasion. The first interaction with the host cell is thereby accomplished by the Outer membrane complex protein B (OmcB) binding to heparan sulfate moieties on the host cell surface, followed by the interaction of the chlamydial polymorphic membrane proteins (Pmps) with host cell receptors. Specifically, the interaction of the Pmp21 adhesin and invasin with its human interaction partner, the epidermal growth factor receptor, results in receptor activation, down-stream signalling and finally internalization of the bacteria. Blocking both, the OmcB and Pmp21 adhesion pathways, did not completely abolish infection, suggesting the presence of additional factors relevant for host cell invasion. Here, we show that the novel surface protein CPn0473 of Chlamydia pneumoniae contributes to the binding and invasion of infectious chlamydial particles. CPn0473 is expressed late in the infection cycle and located on the infectious chlamydial cell surface. Soluble recombinant CPn0473 as well as rCPn0473-coupled fluorescent latex beads adhere to human epithelial HEp-2 cells. Interestingly, in classical infection blocking experiments pretreatment of HEp-2 cells with rCPn0473 does not attenuate adhesion but promotes dose-dependently internalization by C. pneumoniae suggesting an unusual mode of action for this adhesin. This CPn0473-dependent promotion of infection by C. pneumoniae depends on two different domains within the protein and requires intact lipid rafts. Thus, inhibition of the interaction of CPn0473 with the host cell could provide a way to reduce the virulence of C. pneumoniae.
Determination of Relative Damping at Various Prestresses (1960)

Abstract After a short review of the history of the development of the concept of damping, the definitions—one in words, the other in the form of an equation—given in DIN 53513 are discussed, and their usefulness for measurements at various values of prestress is investigated. It is evident that the mathematical definition given in the Standard applies only in the special case when prestress and alternating stress are equal. For the complete range of prestress, the phase angle δ or some simple function of δ, such as the loss factor, tan δ, should be measured. If it is desired not to relinquish the percentage statement of the energy loss, then a new definition for the relative damping is proposed which is independent of the prestress, just as is tan δ. The dependence upon the prestress of the damping values under discussion is demonstrated in an experimental section, for various types of elastomers.