gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac remodelling in adolescent athletes – sex differences progress through adolescence (2022)

Abstract Background Cardiac remodelling beyond reference values is well-known in adult athlete's heart. Male endurance athletes are more prone to develop cardiac chambers and wall thickness above reference values. Cardiac remodelling is also described in adolescent athletes, but considered to be moderate compared to adults. However, few studies evaluate adolescent athlete's heart by paediatric echocardiographic reference values. Current paediatric reference values are sex-unspecific and do not include exercise data. The impact of sex and exercise on remodelling in adolescent athlete's heart remains unclear. Purpose We aimed to study the development of cardiac remodelling and potential sex differences in adolescent athletes. We hypothesized that male adolescent athletes would display greater degree of remodelling compared to female adolescent athletes. Methods Male (M) and female (F) adolescent cross-country skiers were recruited in a longitudinal cohort study. They were examined with echocardiography at age 12, 15 and 18. Data on exercise was collected at all examinations. We evaluated echocardiographic parameters by paediatric reference values (Z-score: number of standard deviations above estimated mean in the given body surface area). Echocardiographic measures were considered above upper reference value if Z-score was ≥2. Results Seventy-six athletes were examined at age 12 (48 M, 28 F), 48 at age 15 (34 M, 14 F) and 34 at age 18 (23 M, 11 F). Although Z-scores were within reference values at age 12 (Table 1), a subset of athletes displayed Z-scores ≥2 for end-diastolic intraventricular septum diameter (IVSd, M 13/48=27%, F 5/28=18%) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWd, M 6/48=13%, F 2/28=14%). The male group demonstrated enlarged left ventricular mass (LVM) from age 15 (Figure 1). Males had greater left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LV EDV) from age 12. Additional sex differences were evident from age 15 for IVSd, LVPWd and LVM (Table 1). There was no sex difference in exercise hours. Both groups had normal myocardial function through the study period. Conclusion Cardiac remodelling beyond reference values was observed in athletes of both sexes from early adolescent age. Sex differences were evident from age 12 with further progression. Pathological values for LVM were more frequent in males. These findings suggest that sex differences in exercise-induced cardiac remodelling is more prominent in adolescents than previously reported. Sex and exercise history should be considered in questions of pathology. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): The South-Eastern Norway Regional Health AuthorityCentre for Children and Youth Sport, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences
Minimum Energy Paths and Transition States by Curve Optimization (2018)

Transition states and minimum energy paths are essential to understand and predict chemical reactivity. Double-ended methods represent a standard approach for their determination. We introduce a new double-ended method that optimizes reaction paths described by curves. Unlike other methods, our approach optimizes the curve parameters rather than distinct structures along the path. With molecular paths represented as continuous curves, the optimization can benefit from the advantages of an integral-based formulation. We call this approach ReaDuct and demonstrate its applicability for molecular paths parametrized by B-spline curves.
Scanning Tunneling Microscope Observation of the Metal-Adsorbed Layered Semiconductor Surfaces (1995)

Two metal elements, Sn and Na, have been deposited onto layered semiconductor MoS 2 (0001) surfaces and observed with a scanning tunneling microscope. The metal-adsorbed area shows a very large dark spot (3–5nm diameter) when the sample bias is positive, and the atomic image of the MoS 2 substrate can be clearly seen inside the dark area. The same area, on the other hand, shows a bright horseshoe-shaped spot when the sample bias is negative.
A Combined Deep Learning GRU-Autoencoder for the Early Detection of Respiratory Disease in Pigs Using Multiple Environmental Sensors (2018)

We designed and evaluated an assumption-free, deep learning-based methodology for animal health monitoring, specifically for the early detection of respiratory disease in growing pigs based on environmental sensor data. Two recurrent neural networks (RNNs), each comprising gated recurrent units (GRUs), were used to create an autoencoder (GRU-AE) into which environmental data, collected from a variety of sensors, was processed to detect anomalies. An autoencoder is a type of network trained to reconstruct the patterns it is fed as input. By training the GRU-AE using environmental data that did not lead to an occurrence of respiratory disease, data that did not fit the pattern of "healthy environmental data" had a greater reconstruction error. All reconstruction errors were labelled as either normal or anomalous using threshold-based anomaly detection optimised with particle swarm optimisation (PSO), from which alerts are raised. The results from the GRU-AE method outperformed state-of-the-art techniques, raising alerts when such predictions deviated from the actual observations. The results show that a change in the environment can result in occurrences of pigs showing symptoms of respiratory disease within 1⁻7 days, meaning that there is a period of time during which their keepers can act to mitigate the negative effect of respiratory diseases, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), a common and destructive disease endemic in pigs.
Frequency-Diversity Reception for Phase Modulation (1984)

Signal-to-noise ratio improved. System receives phase modulation transmitted simultaneously on different carrier frequencies. Used for carriers received through different antennas or through same antenna.
Advances in Chromatography. Volume II (Giddings, Calvin; Keller, Roy A., eds.) (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewAdvances in Chromatography. Volume II (Giddings, Calvin; Keller, Roy A., eds.)Terence H. Risby Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 1, A66Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1976Published inissue 1 January 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ed053pA66RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (625 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Learn Encryption Techniques With Visual Basic 9X (1998)

From the Publisher:
A highly experienced computer book author and expert in the area of security and communications provides experienced programmers with a step-by-step examination of the development of encryption techniques, from the Caesar Cipher through modern-day public and private key encryption methods.
Green Light-Emitting Diodes on Semipolar {1122} Microfacets Grown by Selective Area Epitaxy (2009)

We report on the properties of green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on semipolar microfacets grown by selective area epitaxy. The green LEDs were realized by growing InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) on the semipolar side facets of triangular n-GaN arrays. Excitation power- and temperature-dependent photoluminescence studies showed that InGaN/GaN MQWs grown on semipolar planes had a high radiative recombination efficiency of carriers due to the negligibly small polarization-induced electric field compared to the MQWs on -plane (0001). The electroluminescence of LEDs exhibited a peak wavelength in the green spectra range and a small blueshift with increasing injection current density.
TH-C-I-611-05: Quantification of Coronary Artery Calcium Using Real Time Dual Energy Subtraction Based On a Flat Panel Detector (2005)

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of a real time dual-energy subtraction technique with dynamic filtration based on a flat panel detector for quantifying coronary arterial calcium. Method and Materials: In this dual-energy subtraction technique, the beam energy and filtration were switched at 30 Hz between 60 kVp and 120 kVp + 0.8 mm additional silver filtration. The calcium contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were measured using a Lucide step phantom and a 3 mm thick bone equivalent material. The performance of the dynamic filtration technique was compared with a static filtration technique (4 mm Al + 0.2 mm Cu for both beams). Arterial vessel phantoms with calcium aerial densities in the range of 30–140 mg/cm2 and a total calcium mass of 8–92 mg were imaged over a Lucite step phantom. The low and high energy images were corrected for scatter before subtraction. The total calcium mass was measured using a densitometry technique. The entrance exposure was measured and effective dose was estimated. Results: The dynamic filtration technique produced 60% higher calcium CNR and required 25% higher x-ray tube loading as compared to the static filtration technique. A calcium aerial density of approximately 30 mg/cm2 was detectable. The known (K) and measured (M) calcium mass were related by M=0.97K+0.028 (R=1.0). The calcium measurement precision was 4 mg, determined from 10 repeated dual energy images. The entrance exposure and effective dose were 7 mR and 5.2 μSv for each dual energy image, respectively. Conclusion: Dual-energy subtraction can be a potentially useful technique for the quantification of coronary arterial calcium and provide a noninvasive technique for diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
All-Soluble All-Iron Aqueous Redox-Flow Battery (2016)

ACS AuthorChoice - This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.
Forecasting of Financial Risk Users' Outflow (2018)

The study is devoted to building new models for forecasting the users' outflow on online platform games which are based on their behavior and strategy in previous games that is used as history statistics. Such models as logistic regression, decision trees, gradient boosting, etc. for online gambling platform were used for calculating the probability of the client's outflow. High quality performance of the models was received for model based on gradient boosting. For evaluating the models the following parameters were used: common accuracy, first and second-types errors, and area under the receiver operation curve. The most effective criterion which combines the possibility to receive high accuracy, sensitivity to real situation and minimize the specificity of the model was the statistic: area under the curve (AUC). It turned out that the Xgboost method makes it much easier to model nonlinear relationships between regressors and the target field, which leads to better and more accurate classification and evaluation of the probability of a client outflow.
Resistance in tuberculosis: what do we know and where can we go? (2013)

Tuberculosis (TB) has become a worldwide threat, mainly due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This mini-review is focused on the various mechanisms of resistance to the currently available anti-TB drugs and provides perspective on novel strategies and lead scaffolds/compounds aimed at inhibiting/overcoming these resistance mechanisms.
Patterning of Mono- and Multilayered Pancreatic β-Cell Clusters (2010)

Cluster-size dependent behavior of pancreatic beta-cells has direct implications in islet transplantation therapy for type I diabetes treatment. Control over the cluster size enables evaluation of cluster-size-dependent function, ultimately leading to the production of beta-cell clusters with improved transplant efficacy. This work for the first time demonstrates the use of microcontact-printing-based cell patterning of discrete two- and three-dimensional clusters of pancreatic beta-cells. Both single and multiple cell layers are confined to a 2D area by attaching to patterns of covalently linked laminin and not adhering to surrounding polyethylene glycol. Cell clusters were successfully formed within 24 h for printed patterns in the range 40-120 microm, and simple modulation of the initial cell seeding density leads to the formation of multiple cell layers. Semiquantitative fluorescence microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to extensively characterize the surface chemistry. This technique offers exceptional control over cell cluster shape and size, and not only provides an effective tool to study the cluster-size-dependent behavior of pancreatic beta-cells but also has potential applicability to numerous other cell lines.
Complete Loss of the Cytoplasmic Carboxyl Terminus of the KCNQ2 Potassium Channel: A Novel Mutation in a Large Czech Pedigree with Benign Neonatal Convulsions or Other Epileptic Phenotypes (2004)

A novel 2-bp deletion within the coding sequence of the potassium channel KCNQ2 gene was detected in patients from a large and heterogeneous family with BNFCs or non-BNFC seizures.
New Field of Information Security-Information Hiding (2001)

The information hiding technology is a new information security technology based on the great development and popularization of Internet and multimedia technology.This article mainly introduces the definition,basic compoing,classes,methods and application of the technology.
Antiulcer activity of hydroalchol extract of Momordica dioica roxb. fruit (2011)

The present study was carried out to evaluate antiulcer activity of hydroalcohol extract of Momordica dioica Roxb. fruit. Momordica dioica Roxb. fruit extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally, twice daily for 5 days for prevention from ethanol, cold-restraint stress and pylorus ligation-induced ulcers. Estimation of H(+)-K(+) ATPase activity and gastric wall mucous were performed in ethanol-induced ulcer model, antioxidant enzyme activities was carried out in cold-restraint stress-induced ulcer model, and various gastric secretion parameters like volume of gastric juice, acid output, and pH value were estimated in pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model. A significant reduction in lesion index was observed in ulcer-induced animals pre treated with extract at different doses when compared with ulcerated rats in all models. A significant decrease occurred in the level of H(+)-K(+) ATPase, volume of gastric juice, and acid output. Gastric wall mucus and pH were increased significantly. These showed dose-dependent action of extract. LPO and antioxidant enzyme levels of SOD were decreased, but CAT enzyme showed significant increase. Thus the results indicate that the Momordica dioica extract possess antiulcerogenic effect, that attributable to augmentation of gastric defense mechanisms.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ABUTIC ACID (5,6‐DIMETHOXY‐COUMARONE‐2,3‐DICARBOXYLIC ACID) (1974)

Abstract Der Aldehyd (I) wird mit AgNO 3 zu der Säure (II) oxidiert, die über ihr Säurechlorid in das Diazoketon (III) umgewandelt wird.
Comparison between the CCR and PWM dimming methods on high power LEDs (2009)

There are two commonly used dimming methods to control the light output from the LEDs, the continuous current reduction (CCR) and pulse width modulation (PWM). The PWM dimming is nowadays the prefered method in most applications of automotive lighting systems (headlamps with white LEDs at 700 mA up to 1000 mA, signaling lamps with amber and red LEDs) and in interior and display lighting systems (interior LED-luminaires and LED-color mixing equipments). The reason for these worldwide applications is the opinion that the color chromaticities and color temperature of these systems do not change if using PWM-technology. The study investigates the impact of the two dimming methods on the luminous flux, efficiency and chromaticity shift of different color and phosphor-converted white high power LEDs under different operating conditions. The results will show that in most cases the CCR method will yield much more optical efficiency than PWM. The consequence is that many important applications in the automotive lighting technology could be made more energy-efficient if using CCR dimming.
Acute Peri-Articular Inflammation Induced in Rats by Oral 6-Sulfanilylindazole (1964)

Inflammation of the peri-articular connective tissue of ankles and feet in rats has been regularly induced by oral administration of 6-sulfanilylindazole (SAI). The incidence of this inflammation probably has been caused by drug-induced provocation of latent PPLO infection. The mechanism of this effect of SAI is not known
High Glucose Induces Connective Tissue Growth Factor Expression and Extracellular Matrix Accumulation in Rat Aorta Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Via Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 (2013)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a potent pro-fibrotic factor, which is implicated in fibrosis through extracellular matrix (ECM) induction in diabetic cardiovascular complications. It is an important downstream mediator in the fibrotic action of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and is potentially induced by hyperglycemia in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Therefore, the goal of this study is to identify the signaling pathways of CTGF effects on ECM accumulation and cell proliferation in VSMCs under hyperglycemia. We found that high glucose stimulated the levels of CTGF mRNA and protein and followed by VSMC proliferation and ECM components accumulation such as collagen type 1, collagen type 3 and fibronectin. By depleting endogenous CTGF we showed that CTGF is indispensable for the cell proliferation and ECM components accumulation in high glucose-stimulated VSMCs. In addition, pretreatment with the MEK1/2 specific inhibitors, PD98059 or U0126 potently inhibited the CTGF production and ECM components accumulation in high glucose-stimulated VSMCs. Furthermore, knockdown with ERK1/2 MAPK siRNA resulted in significantly down regulated of CTGF production, ECM components accumulation and cell proliferation in high glucose-stimulated VSMCs. Finally, ERK1/2 signaling regulated Egr-1 protein expression and treatment with recombinant CTGF reversed the Egr-1 expression in high glucose-induced VSMCs. It is conceivable that ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating CTGF expression and suggests that blockade of CTGF through ERK1/2 MAPK signaling may be beneficial for therapeutic target of diabetic cardiovascular complication such as atherosclerosis.
Resonances, radiation pressure and optical scattering phenomena of drops and bubbles (1982)

Acoustic levitation and the response of fluid spheres to spherical harmonic projections of the radiation pressure are described. Simplified discussions of the projections are given. A relationship between the tangential radiation stress and the Konstantinov effect is introduced and fundamental streaming patterns for drops are predicted. Experiments on the forced shape oscillation of drops are described and photographs of drop fission are displayed. Photographs of critical angle and glory scattering by bubbles and rainbow scattering by drops are displayed.
The G−C DNA Base Hybrid:  Synthesis, Self-Organization and Structural Analysis (1999)

The guanine−cytosine base hybrid 1 is synthesized in five steps from the malononitrile dimer. One face of the molecule possesses the cytosine AAD hydrogen bonding code and the other the guanine DDA code. The expression of this information leads to the self-organization of six molecules of 1 into a hexagonal supermacrocycle in the solid state through the formation of 18 strong hydrogen bonds. This is the first structurally characterized example of a synthetic hexagonal assembly where the molecular program is unambiguous and all of the information required for exclusive rosette formation is contained within hydrogen bonding codes. 1 crystallizes in the very rare, high-symmetry cubic space group Ia3̄d, with 96 molecules in the unit cell. The crystal is highly solvated and only ca. 35% occupied by molecules of 1, with a criss-crossed network of channel voids generated by the overlapping of 16 hexamers.
Dreaded Ulnar Wrist Pain: Long-Term Results of Pisiformectomy for Painful Pisotriquetral Arthrosis. (2019)

Pisiform pathology may be a source of ulnar-sided wrist pain. This study reviews the long-term outcomes of patients treated with pisiformectomy. A retrospective study approved by the institutional review board was performed over a 27-year period of patients undergoing pisiformectomy. Range of motion, grip strength, complications, and need for revision surgery were recorded. The series includes 61 wrists (60 patients) with an average age at surgery of 46 years. Two complications were noted (3%): a postoperative ulnar nerve palsy and symptomatic retained suture. At final follow-up, average flexion-extension arc was 81% (expressed as percent of contralateral), radioulnar deviation arc was 88%, and average grip strength was 89%. Pisiformectomy is a reliable, motion-preserving procedure with low complication rates for patients with chronic ulnar-sided wrist pain. In this series, 93% of patients did not require further procedures at an average of 8.2 years follow-up. (Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances 28(3):196-200, 2019).
File format for storage of scalable video (2006)

A file format for storage of scalable video is proposed in this paper. A generic model is presented to enable a codec independent description of scalable video stream. The relationships, especially the dependencies, among sub-streams in a scalable video stream are specified sufficiently and effectively in the proposed model. Complying with the presented scalable video stream model, the file format for scalable video is proposed based on ISO Base Media File Format, which is simple and flexible enough to address the demands of scalable video application as well as the non-scalable ones.
A Review of: “The Energy Factbook”, by Richard C. Dorf. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1981. 277 pp. $16.95. (1986)

Abstract