gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of cadmium in biological and environmental materials by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: effect of flow sample introduction methods (1999)

Experimental parameters governing the instrumental precision and accuracy for isotope ratio measurements of cadmium in ICP-MS, including sampling time, mass bias, detector dead-time and spectroscopic interferences, were first characterised. The precision achieved for the isotope ratio determination of Cd was around 0.2% (RSD forn=5) both for 111:112 and 111:114 ratios. Two alternative flow approaches for the determination of ultratrace concentrations of cadmium by isotope dilution (ID) were explored and compared with the more conventional ID methodology: first, on-line mixing of the sample solution with the spike solution just before the ICP-MS nebuliser using a peristaltic pump and, second, the generation of volatile cadmium species using sodium tetraethylborate by merging zones flow injection ICP-MS. The three approaches were successfully applied to the determination of ultratrace levels of cadmium in biological and environmental certified reference materials (NIST SRM 2670 Freeze-Dried Urine, IAEA H-8 Horse Kidney, BCR TP-25 Lichens, PACS-1 Marine Sediment and SLRS-3 Riverine Water). The on-line ID method proved to be the most convenient for the determination of cadmium in such samples because it is fast, provides similar results to those of conventional ID and requires less sample preparation.
Reflection-mode scanning near-field optical microscopy using an apertureless metallic tip (1997)

Recently, a reflection-mode near-field optical microscope with an apertureless tungsten tip has been introduced and 100-nm resolution has been achieved [R. Bachelot, P. Gleyzes, and A. C. Boccara, Microsc. Microanal. Microstruc. 5, 389-397 (1994)]. The optical signal is recorded in parallel with a tapping-mode atomic force microscope signal. By showing several images here, we confirm the capabilities of this device and clearly demonstrate a 20-nm (~lambda/35) resolution that has been achieved with smaller tips. A study of these images shows that both the topography and the near electromagnetic field of the sample can be independently probed by this device. Additionally, we discuss the principle of our approach, notably on the basis of interference phenomena between a Rayleigh scatterer and its image through the reflecting surface, and some of the setup's experimental characteristics are presented.
Comprehensive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Small and Large Bowel Using Intraluminal Dual Contrast Technique With Iron Oxide Solution and Water in Magnetic Resonance Enteroclysis (2005)

Comprehensive MR imaging of SB and LB with DCT improves the identification of modified anatomy and most pathologies in inflammatory and postsurgical bowel.
Fiber-coupled sensor employing diffractive optics for simultaneous acquisition of shape, vibration, distance and velocity (2013)

We present a fiber-coupled miniaturized sensor for simultaneous measurement of velocity, distance, vibration and shape of fast moving rough objects. Optimization of the 25×25×60 mm3 sized sensor is achieved using diffractive optical elements.
FLT3-LIGAND INHIBITS TUMOR PROGRESSION IN MURINE MODEL (1996)

Journal of Immunotherapy features rapid publication of articles on immunomodulators, lymphokines, antibodies, cells, and cell products in cancer biology and therapy. Laboratory and preclinical studies, as well as investigative clinical reports, are presented. The journal emphasizes basic mechanisms and methods for the rapid transfer of technology from the laboratory to the clinic. JIT contains full-length articles, review articles, and short communications.
Differential Capacity of Human Skin Dendritic Cells to Polarize CD4+T Cells into IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 Producing Cells (2012)

Accumulating evidence suggests a contribution of T cell-derived IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 cytokines in skin immune homeostasis as well as inflammatory disorders. Here, we analyzed whether the cytokine-producing T lymphocytes could be induced by the different subsets of human skin dendritic cells (DCs), i.e., epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs), dermal CD1c(+)CD14(-) and CD14(+) DCs (DDCs). DCs were purified following a 2-day migration from separated epidermal and dermal sheets and co-cultured with allogeneic T cells before cytokine secretion was explored. Results showed that no skin DCs could induce substantial IL-17 production by naïve CD4(+) or CD8(+)T lymphocytes whereas all of them could induce IL-17 production by memory T cells. In contrast, LCs and CD1c(+)CD14(-)DDCs were able to differentiate naïve CD4(+)T lymphocytes into IL-22 and IL-21-secreting cells, LCs being the most efficient in this process. Intracellular cytokine staining showed that the majority of IL-21 or IL-22 secreting CD4(+)T lymphocytes did not co-synthesized IFN-γ, IL-4 or IL-17. IL-21 and IL-22 production were dependent on the B7/CD28 co-stimulatory pathway and ICOS-L expression on skin LCs significantly reduced IL-21 level. Finally, we found that TGF-β strongly down-regulates both IL-21 and IL-22 secretion by allogeneic CD4(+) T cells. These results add new knowledge on the functional specialization of human skin DCs and might suggest new targets in the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders.
Synthesis of Spherical Porous Silica Particles (1993)

Spherical porous silica glasses whose average diameter is 40μm are synthesized by the sol-gel process in W/O emulsions and a successive thermal treatment. The interconnected pore structure was seen in the particles. The pore size can be controlled by changing temperature of thermal treatment. The presence of residual carbons can be avoided by decreasing unreacted alkoxides with increasing water content of the initial solution in the sol-gel process.
Optimizing the shape of ultrasound transducers for interstitial thermal ablation (2002)

Heat deposition by interstitial routes, especially with ultrasound-based instruments, is becoming a valuable therapeutic option for the treatments of sites, which are difficult to access from outside of the body. The active part of most interstitial ultrasound applicators described in the literature is logically tubular to induce cylindrical volumes of coagulation necrosis. Because the pressure generated by such tubular transducers falls off rapidly with radial distance, we previously proposed using a rotating plane transducer. For a plane wave, the pressure fall-off is only due to attenuation, which makes deeper lesions and shorter treatment times possible. This work represents an advance in the development of ultrasound applicators designed for interstitial applications. This new applicator used a rotating slightly focused transducer. A brief theoretical analysis resulted in the choice of a long focal distance of 22 mm to obtain a nearly constant pressure all along the therapeutic depth. To experimentally validate this focal distance, pressure measurements were made in a tissue mimicking liquid phantom and the results were compared with those obtained with a plane transducer. In vitro experiments showed that necrosis could be induced at a depth of 15 mm. In the same conditions, the greatest depth attained with a plane transducer was only 10 mm. Because each individual lesion is narrower, more lesions and more time are required to necrose a cylindrical volume. The main advantage of this new type of applicator is that it can be used to induce necrosis at a greater depth without varying either the frequency, the intensity or the transducer cooling efficiency.
Composites from PMMA modified thermosets and chemically treated woodflour (2003)

Abstract The mechanical behavior of composites made from woodflour and a modified thermoset unsaturated polyester resin has been examined. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), a common low profile additive (LPA), was used as the matrix modifier. Woodflour, the reinforcing filler, was used ‘as received’ and was also modified with a commercial alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), in order to enhance the compatibility with the resin. The composites exhibited higher flexural and compressive modulus and compressive yield stress than the neat resin, while flexural strength and ultimate strain were reduced. The addition of PMMA to the unfilled thermoset led to a LPA morphology and decreased the flexural modulus, but produced an increment in flexural strain at break, impact energy and toughness of the UP resin. No enhancement in the mechanical behavior of the composites was found when treated woodflour instead of unmodified woodflour was used.
Why are brittleness and fracability not equivalent in designing hydraulic fracturing in tight shale gas reservoirs (2016)

With respect to brittleness, it is about the type of material and its related strength. In comparison with ductile material under load, brittle material has a relatively shorter plastic deformation and responds dominantly by the elastic deformation. With respect to fracability, it is about the rock failure under the ultimate rock strength in either brittle or ductile formation. In comparison, the higher fracable formation should have smaller formation strength than that of the lower fracable formation. In consequence, it is not certain that the brittle formation is easy to fracture than the ductile formation since brittle formation may have greater strength than ductile formation even though the exceptions may exist. More complications arise when evaluating the responses of subsurface formation in great depth to the formation types (e.g. brittle formation or ductile formation). Under this condition, the impact of confinement on the fracability cannot be ignored. In general, the formation subject to higher confinement pressure is more difficult to fracture as the formation strength is greater. Conversely, the formation subject to lower confinement pressure is easy to fracture since the formation strength is smaller. In view of efficient stimulation of tight shale gas reservoirs, it is unclear whether we would choose the brittle interval or the ductile interval to fracture as the strength of either interval is unknown. However, it is apparent that we should choose the formation interval with a higher fracability which is equivalent to the lower formation strength. Under the similar confinements, the lower formation strength may be indicated by the smaller unconfined compressive strength (UCS). As a result, it is advisable that the most fracable interval is the one with lowest UCS. When evaluating the present technology, the formation brittleness should no longer be the associated subject matter as we are unclear about its role to improve the fracability of the tight formation. Disassociating the brittleness with the fracability enables us to focus on identifying the true mechanisms of efficient fracturing of tight shale gas reservoirs. With the objective review and sensible definition of brittleness used in the present petro-physical field to identify the desirable fracturing intervals, the paper presents the ambiguities of using the brittleness to define the formation fracability and points out that the formation brittleness can be unrelated to the formation fracability. As an alternative approach, the paper provides an effective method to define the most fracable formation intervals in designing the hydraulic fracturing in tight shale gas formations.
Identifying Diagnostic Markers and Studying Etiologic Factors of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Using a High‐Throughput Proteomic Approach (2009)

The objectives of our study are to identify diagnostic markers for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs), define the features of the proteome at different colonic locations and under different physiologic conditions, and investigate the host and microbial interactome at the mucosal interface. We collected bowel‐rinse samples from IBD patients and normal individuals, and analyzed each sample using high‐throughput surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (SELDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). SELDI data preprocessing was done in CiphergenExpress®. The resulting spectra were further analyzed in R. Peaks were compared between groups to search for biomarker candidates, whereas the Permutation analysis was used to evaluate the featured differences between groups of samples. Hierarchical clustering heat maps were generated in Cluster3.0 and visualized in TreeView. We also used oligonucleotide fingerprinting of ribosomal RNA genes (OFRG) to study the microbes in the bowel‐rinse samples. We have thus far identified several potential IBD biomarkers which are confirmed by western blotting. The heat‐map showed discriminative protein/peptide patterns in different locations of the colon, and between IBD patients and normal individuals. Preliminary OFRG study suggested that certain types of microorganism are highly associated with certain secreted protein/peptide in the colon.
Chapter 19. Targeting Oxidative Mechanisms in Alzheimer Disease (2010)

It is now understood that oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). Focus of AD therapy research has therefore shifted to include the reduction of oxidative stress through antioxidant treatment. Although the trial of vitamin E supplementation in moderately severe AD is the most promising so far, the lack of a “curative” response may derive from the complexity of the redox system and the multiple factors contributing to the clinical manifestation of AD. In this review, the prevailing antioxidant approaches of AD are discussed. Most exciting in this regard are the results in patients treated with Dimebon, whose novel mechanism of action is to inhibit neuronal cell death by improving mitochondrial function.
Graphoepitaxy of sexithiophene on thermally oxidized silicon surface with artificial periodic grooves (2006)

Graphoepitaxial growth of a sexithiophene (6T) thin film was achieved on a thermally oxidized silicon surface with artificial periodic grooves. The surface structure was fabricated by electron beam lithography and the thin film was grown by molecular beam deposition. A well-pronounced, in-plane oriented component ([010]6T‖grooves) was identified by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, though there also existed some randomly oriented 6T grains. Presence of the graphoepitaxial component was also confirmed by results of the orientational analysis of atomic force microscopy images. It was shown that the in-plane orientation control of organic semiconductors is possible using graphoepitaxy.
New mechanisms centered on reactive intermediates: Examples from diazirine and carbene chemistry (2007)

Abstract Laser flash photolysis (LFP) of appropriate diazirine precursors afforded the UV spectra of methylchlorocarbene, benzylchlorocarbene, cyclopropylchlorocarbene, and 1-adamantylchlorocarbene. The σ → p transitions of these carbenes were used to directly monitor their reaction kinetics. The unusual and highly reactive N 2 CO compound, diazirinone, was obtained from the reaction of fluoride ion with p -nitrophenoxychlorodiazirine. Diazirinone fragmented to CO and N 2 in a reaction that was exothermic by &gt;90 kcal/mol. Dichlorodiazirine (DCD) was generated by the reaction of chloride ion with p -nitrophenoxychlorodiazirine. Reactions of dichlorocarbene generated from DCD are discussed.
Immunotherapy in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the role of monoclonal antibodies (2016)

<b>Publisher's Note:</b> This article has a companion Counterpoint by Davis and Mackall. <b>Publisher's Note:</b> Join in the discussion of these articles at <i>Blood Advances</i> Community Conversations.
Domain Identifiers in a Next Generation Internet Architecture (2009)

In this paper we make the domain entity a first class citizen. The concept of Domain Identifiers (DIDs) is introduced to effectively bring the domains to the next generation Internet scenario. The paper presents an architecture to address challenging next generation Internet requirements such as node and domain mobility, multi-homing, security, network composition and inter-domain routing. Although our architecture supports all the mentioned requirements, the focus of this paper is specifically on node and domain mobility in order to evaluate and compare the advantages of having DIDs for facilitating the mobility. First, we present the generic Next Generation Internet architecture proposal and its envisioned scenario. Then, we show how to instantiate it to work together with the current Internet. We have developed a prototype to evaluate our proposal and we depict results related to node and domain mobility under this gradual deployment scenario using the Internet as the core.
Skeletal Muscle Metrics on Clinical 18F-FDG PET/CT Predict Health Outcomes in Patients with Sarcoma. (2018)

The aim of this study was to determine the association of measures of skeletal muscle determined from <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT with health outcomes in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma. 14 patients (8 women and 6 men; mean age 66.5 years) with sarcoma had PET/CT examinations. On CTs of the abdomen and pelvis, skeletal muscle was segmented, and cross-sectional muscle area, muscle volume, and muscle attenuation were determined. Within the segmented muscle, intramuscular fat area, volume, and density were derived. On PET images, the standardized uptake value (SUV) of muscle was determined. Regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between the imaging measures and health outcomes including overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant cancer recurrence (DCR), and major surgical complications (MSC). The association between imaging metrics and pre-therapy levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, hemoglobin, and albumin was determined. Decreased volumetric muscle CT attenuation was associated with increased DCR. Increased PET SUV of muscle was associated with decreased OS and LRFS. Lower muscle SUV was associated with lower serum hemoglobin and albumin. Muscle measurements obtained on routine <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT are associated with outcomes and serum hemoglobin and albumin in patients with sarcoma.
MPAN: Multi-Part Attention Network for Point Cloud Based 3D Shape Retrieval (2020)

3D shape retrieval is an important researching field due to its wide applications in computer vision and multimedia fields. With the development of deep learning technology, great progress has been made in recent years and lots of methods have achieved promising 3D shape retrieval results. Due to the effective description of point cloud data on structural information for 3D shapes, lots of methods based on point cloud data format are proposed for better shape representation. However, most of them focus on extracting a global descrisptor from the whole 3D shape while the local features and detailed structural information are ignored, which negatively affect the effectiveness of shape descriptors. In addition, these methods also ignore the correlations among different parts of point clouds, which may introduce redundant information to the final shape descriptors. In order to address these issues, we propose a Multi-part attention network (MPAN) for 3D model retrieval based on point cloud. Firstly, we segment a 3D shape into multiple parts by employing a pre-trained PointNet++ segmentation model. After extracting the local features from them, we introduce a novel self-attention mechanism to explore the correlations between different parts. Meanwhile, by considering the structural relevance of them, the redundancy for representing 3D shapes is removed while the effective information is utilized. Finally, informative and discriminative shape descriptors, considering both local features and spatial correlations, are generated for 3D shape retrieval task. To validate the effectiveness of our method, we conduct several experiments on the public 3D shape benchmark, ShapeNetPart dataset. Experimental results and comparisons with state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method.
Resource Based Pricing Framework for Integrated Services Networks (2007)

This paper addresses the impact of Quality of Service on resource requirements in networks that implement exclusive bandwidth allocation, such as IntServ. The paper proposes a framework for pricing flows based on the impact of their reservations on the resources for which the network must be provisioned. The developed framework is analytical and is based on the economies associated with aggregating vs. segregating exclusive bandwidths that cater to customers demanding a specified Quality of Service.
Novel histone deacetylase inhibitor NCH-51 activates latent HIV-1 gene expression (2011)

Pharmacological manipulations to purge human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from latent reservoirs have been considered as an adjuvant therapeutic approach to highly-active antiretroviral therapy for the eradication of HIV. Our novel histone deacetylase inhibitor NCH-51 induced expression of latent HIV-1 with minimal cytotoxicity. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we observed a reduction of HDAC1 occupancy, histone hyperacetylation and the recruitment of positive transcription factors at the HIV-1 promoter in latently infected-cells under the treatment with NCH-51. Mutation studies of the long terminal repeat (LTR) revealed NCH-51 mediated gene expression through the Sp1 sites. When Sp1 expression was knocked-down by small interfering RNA, the NCH-51-mediated activation of a stably integrated HIV-1 LTR was attenuated. Moreover, the Sp1 inhibitor mithramycin A abolished the effects of NCH-51.
7,7′‐Bi(dispiro[2.0.2.l]heptylidene)—the Perspirocyclopropanated Bicyclopropylidene (1991)

That intermediate cyclopropyl cations with two α-spirocyclopropane groups can undergo reaction without ring opening has been proven. The reaction of title compound 1 with electrophiles like HBr and Br2 leads to addition to the central double bonds and not to rearrangements. Compound 1 was prepared in three steps from 7-cyclopropylidenedispiro-[2.0.2.l]heptane (2). Compared to other bicyciopropylidenes the target molecule shows an unusually low → ionization energy of 8.20 eV.
Mycotic Aneurysm Due to Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection: Case Reports and Literature Review (2004)

Melioidosis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei infection is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. Cardiovascular complications resulting in mycotic aneurysms are very rare. To our knowledge, there have only been 6 isolated case reports published in the literature to date. We report 6 cases of melioidosis in Singapore that presented as aortic aneurysms.
Understanding Solvation Behavior of the Saturated Electrolytes with Small/Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering and Raman Spectroscopy (2021)

Concentrated electrolytes are attracting significant attention because the solvation structures could stabilize the interface, encouraging novel electrolyte development for high-voltage and long-cycle-life batteries. Saturated electrolytes, which have the highest salt concentrations, have been rarely studied because of their shortcomings of high viscosity and low ionic conductivity. Nevertheless, the exciting solvation structure in saturated solution is still worth studying, significantly broadening the comprehensive understanding of the solvation processes. In this work, we investigate the saturated lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) dissolved in seven different organic solvents, including propylene carbonate (PC), tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile (ACN), dimethylformamide (DMF), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (Diglyme), and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (Tetraglyme). The combined small/wide-angle X-ray scattering and Raman spectroscopy are employed to study the global and local solvation structure. This work demonstrates a method for detecting the structure of liquids, which will facilitate the study of structure–performance relationships and the screening of new electrolytes.