gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The generality of cryptic dietary niche differences in diverse large-herbivore assemblages (2022)

Ecological niche differences are necessary for stable species coexistence but are often difficult to discern. Models of dietary niche differentiation in large mammalian herbivores invoke the quality, quantity, and spatiotemporal distribution of plant tissues and growth forms but are agnostic toward food plant species identity. Empirical support for these models is variable, suggesting that additional mechanisms of resource partitioning may be important in sustaining large-herbivore diversity in African savannas. We used DNA metabarcoding to conduct a taxonomically explicit analysis of large-herbivore diets across southeastern Africa, analyzing ∼4,000 fecal samples of 30 species from 10 sites in seven countries over 6 y. We detected 893 food plant taxa from 124 families, but just two families-grasses and legumes-accounted for the majority of herbivore diets. Nonetheless, herbivore species almost invariably partitioned food plant taxa; diet composition differed significantly in 97% of pairwise comparisons between sympatric species, and dissimilarity was pronounced even between the strictest grazers (grass eaters), strictest browsers (nongrass eaters), and closest relatives at each site. Niche differentiation was weakest in an ecosystem recovering from catastrophic defaunation, indicating that food plant partitioning is driven by species interactions, and was stronger at low rainfall, as expected if interspecific competition is a predominant driver. Diets differed more between browsers than grazers, which predictably shaped community organization: Grazer-dominated trophic networks had higher nestedness and lower modularity. That dietary differentiation is structured along taxonomic lines complements prior work on how herbivores partition plant parts and patches and suggests that common mechanisms govern herbivore coexistence and community assembly in savannas.
RNA sequencing: from tag-based profiling to resolving complete transcript structure (2014)

Technological advances in the sequencing field support in-depth characterization of the transcriptome. Here, we review genome-wide RNA sequencing methods used to investigate specific aspects of gene expression and its regulation, from transcription to RNA processing and translation. We discuss tag-based methods for studying transcription, alternative initiation and polyadenylation events, shotgun methods for detection of alternative splicing, full-length RNA sequencing for the determination of complete transcript structures, and targeted methods for studying the process of transcription and translation. With the ensemble of technologies available, it is now possible to obtain a comprehensive view on transcriptome complexity and the regulation of transcript diversity.
Synaptic Protein Dynamics in Hibernation (2007)

Neurons in hibernating mammals exhibit a dramatic form of plasticity during torpor, with dendritic arbors retracting as body temperature cools and then regrowing rapidly as body temperature rises. In this study, we used immunohistochemical imaging and Western blotting of several presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins to determine the synaptic changes that accompany torpor and to investigate the mechanisms behind these changes. We show torpor-related alterations in synaptic protein localization that occur rapidly and uniformly across several brain regions in a temperature-dependent manner. Entry into torpor is associated with a 50-65% loss of synapses, as indicated by changes in the extent of colocalization of presynaptic and postsynaptic markers. We also show that the loss of synaptic protein clustering occurring during entry into torpor is not attributable to protein loss. These findings suggest that torpor-related changes in synapses stem from dissociation of proteins from the cytoskeletal active zone and postsynaptic density, creating a reservoir of proteins that can be quickly mobilized for rapid rebuilding of dendritic spines and synapses during the return to euthermia. A mechanism of neural plasticity based on protein dissociation rather than protein breakdown could explain the hibernator's capacity for large, rapid, and repeated microstructural changes, providing a fascinating contrast to neuropathologies that are dominated by protein breakdown and cell death.
Analysis and design of VPN based on wireless Android intelligent home center (2013)

This paper introduces a tunnel procedure based on the virtual network card. The data through the tunnel are encrypted by using the open source library OpenSSL. Through this program we can implement an intelligent home control center VPN system base on Android that can protect the information which collected by wireless sensors at home on the Internet.
Liquid Crystal Infiltrated Optical Magnetic Metamaterials (2012)

We study both experimentally and numerically the electric tunability of optical split-ring-resonator metamaterials infiltrated with liquid crystals. By examining the shift of the observed Fabry-P ` fringes and the metamaterial resonances, we show that the liquid crystal molecular anchoring to the nanoscale split-ring-resonator meta-atoms plays an important role in determining their tunability and optical properties.
[CT angiography of the liver]. (1993)

The diagnostic efficacy of CT arterial portography (CTAP) for the hepatic tumors has been established. We developed the double-phase incremental CTAP (DP-CTAP) using a fast CT scanner, by which the double-phase scanning of the whole liver was made during a single contrast administration. The DP-CTAP was performed in 9 cases of hepatic diseases, and was useful for the lesion detection and improvement of the visualization of the liver vasculatures. The maximum density projection angiogram of the portal and hepatic veins was easily made by DP-CTAP images, and useful for three dimensional understanding of the liver vasculatures and the detection of the vascular abnormalities.
High-Dose Pulse Corticosteroid Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Alopecia areata (2001)

High-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for patients with severe AA plurifocalis but might be less beneficial for patients with ophasic AA, AA totalis or universalis.
Leaf Phenolic Variation in Malus sp. (1995)

The leaf phenolic content of 25 Malus species obtained from the National Germplasm Repository was evaluated. Two methods were utilized for determination of phenolic quantity and form. Total dihydroxy phenolic content was determined by spectrophotometric method using diphenlboric acid 2 aminoethyl ester as the reagent. These phenolics were quantified by using HPLC. Differences in phenolic quantity and type among the species were observed. This variation will be discussed in relation to apple–insect interactions.
Digital Assessment of MRI for Lumbar Disc Desiccation\A Comparison of Digital Versus Subjective Assessments and Digital Intensity Profiles Versus Discogram and Macroanatomic Findings (1994)

During magnetic resonance imaging, a vast amount of digital data on anatomic structures is translated into images, which are then assessed subjectively. The development of an objective, sensitive method to directly assess the digital data would have clear benefits, particularly for clinical research on disc degeneration. The study goals were to develop a method of digital assessment of disc desiccation and to compare digital signal intensity profiles with discographic patterns and macroanatomic findings. Proton density-weighted MRIs were obtained from 45 males (9-77 years) and digital analysis was done with a freely selectable region of interest facility. The adjacent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was used as a reference for disc signal-intensity scores, and the disc to CSF-intensity ratio provided "adjusted digital scores." The CSF-adjusted digital method yielded reproducible scores that correlated with the subjective assessments. However, the CSF-adjusted digital scores were more sensitive than the subjective assessments, identifying findings that otherwise were undetected in younger subjects. Additionally, 10 cadaveric spines were evaluated using MRI with T2 and proton density-weighted sequences, discography, and macroanatomic dissection. MRI disc-intensity profiles were determined along a midsagittal line drawn through the disc. The profile of the digital scores along this line was then compared with discograms and macroanatomic sections. In all cases of disc degeneration on discograms, changes were present in the intensity profile. Based on both the living subjects and the cadaveric specimens, the digital assessments and disc intensity profiles appear to demonstrate disc degeneration, particularly in early stages.
A Chiral Microporous Polymer Network as Asymmetric Heterogeneous Organocatalyst (2011)

Abstract Microporous polymer networks, composed of structure‐directing monomers (tectons), can exhibit high permanent surface area and porosity. By choice of suitable tectons various functionalities can be introduced into such networks. Here we introduce chiral BINOL derivatives as novel tectons to generate microporosity in polymer networks. The use of such monomers enables the formation of networks composed solely out of enantiomerically pure compounds. This porous network can be used as a heterogeneous organocatalyst in asymmetric reactions and gives higher enantioselectivty than the homogeneous reaction.
Biofilm Processes in Porous Media — Practical Applications (2018)

This chapter is concerned with the condition where the substrate supply to the biofilm is sufficient to permit the formation of thick, continuous biofilms, as opposed to patchy, isolated cell colonies. However, it is clear that as the temporal progression of biofilm thickness reaches a quasi steady-state condition, the average specific growth rate for the biofilm must be balanced by the net detachment rate. The accumulation and activity of biofilms varies from point to point along individual pore channels, and thus are considered to be microscale phenomena. In 1984, the biofilm group at the University of Calgary undertook a controlled study of the transport of bacteria through porous media in cooperation with a geologist — Dr. Norman Wardlaw. In porous media, as in other aqueous environments, microbial cells may exist in suspension or may adsorb firmly to solid surfaces comprising the porous medium matrix.
Privacy Metric for User’s Trajectory in Location-Based Services (2012)

针对一种流行的用户轨迹隐私保护方法——Silent Cascade,提出一种新的轨迹隐私度量方法.该度量方法将用户运动轨迹用带权无向图描述,并从信息熵的角度计算用户的轨迹隐私水平.已有文献指出,当攻击者拥有新的背景知识时,任何一种隐私保护方法都会受到隐私威胁.因此,将攻击者的背景知识分级融入到度量方法中,隐私度量的结果由对背景知识的假设和相应的轨迹隐私水平值组成,并提出(K<sub>UL</sub>(K<sub>i+</sub>,K<sub>i-</sub>),K<sub>L</sub>(K<sub>i+</sub>,K<sub>i-</sub>))联系规则的方法来描述对背景知识的假设.模拟实验结果表明,此度量方法为移动用户和轨迹隐私保护方法的设计者提供了一个有价值的工具,能够准确地评估在攻击者具有可变背景知识情况下,用户的轨迹隐私水平.;This paper proposes a trajectory privacy measure for Silent Cascade, which is a prevalent trajectory privacy preserving method in LBS (location-based services). In this measure, the user’s trajectory is modeled as a weighted undirected graph, and the user’s trajectory privacy level is calculated through the use of information entropy. It is pointed out in literatures that any privacy preserving methods will be subject to privacy threats once the attacker has new background knowledge. Therefore, adversarial background knowledge is hierarchically integrated into this measure. The privacy metric result composes of the assumptive background knowledge and the corresponding trajectory privacy level. (K<sub>UL</sub>(K<sub>i+</sub>,K<sub>i-</sub>),K<sub>L</sub>(K<sub>i+</sub>,K<sub>i-</sub>)) association rules is also proposed to describe the assumptive background knowledge. Simulation results show that this metric is an effective and valuable tool for mobile users and the designers of trajectory privacy preserving methods to measure the user’s trajectory privacy level correctly, even the attacker has variable background knowledge.
Toward quantifying uncertainty in travel time tomography using the null‐space shuttle (2012)

The solution of large linear tomographic inverse problems is fundamentally non‐unique. We suggest to explore the non‐uniqueness explicitly by examining the null‐space of the forward operator. We show that with the null‐space shuttle it is possible to assess robustness in tomographic models, and we illustrate the concept for the global P‐wave model MIT‐P08. We found a broad range of acceptable solutions compatible with the travel time data. The root mean square (RMS) velocity perturbations vary from 0.2 to 0.6% in the lowermost mantle and from 0.3 to 1.3% in the upper mantle. Such large variations in average amplitudes prohibit meaningful inferences on temperature or chemical variations in the Earth from tomographic models alone. On a global scale much short wavelength structure resides in the null‐space of the forward operator, suggesting that the data do not everywhere resolve structure on the smallest length scale (&lt;200 km) allowed by the (block) parameterization used in MIT‐P08 and similar models. This indicates that great care should be taken when interpreting such structure. As a practical measure, we suggest that only those structures for which the wave speed perturbations do not change sign within the range of models permitted by the data should be considered robust. With this criterion, the model null‐space analysis shows that the high velocity anomalies in the lower mantle, which are often interpreted as remnants of slabs of subducted lithosphere, are required by the seismic data. Low‐velocity anomalies underneath, for instance, Hawaii, Iceland, and Africa show varying degrees of robustness.
Response of Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae to High Pressure. (1998)

High hydrostatic pressure induced cell elongation, changes of growth rate, and thermotolerance in two types of bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonie. The cell length of B. subtilis and K. pneumonie was elongated 2. 0 and 1. 5 times those of control at 80 MPa (2 h) and 40 MPa (2 h), respectively. Protein of about 30-kDa was synthesized in B. subtilis cells by pressurization of 80 MPa for 2 hours. Pressure shocked K. pneumonie at 20 to 40 MPa for 2 hours showed thermotolerance (51°C, 10 min).
Modification of survival and hematopoiesis in mice by tocopherol injection following irradiation. (1986)

The LD50/30 of CD-1 female mice increased from 6.6 Gy to 7.0 Gy when 2.5 mg of dl-alpha-tocopherol was injected immediately post irradiation. Increased survival was associated with increased numbers of hematopoietic colony forming units (CFU). Endogenous spleen colonies were found in greater numbers in the tocopherol-treated mice after irradiation. The vitamin, however, must be injected within five hours following irradiation to have this effect. The increased numbers of CFU in tocopherol-treated mice may be due to a stimulation of recovery or repair processes. Split-dose studies suggest that most repair of sublethal damage in hematopoietic stem cells take place within seven and nine hours following irradiation. Tocopherol injection appears to enhance the recovery manifested in the split-dose assay. There is also evidence that tocopherol-treatment caused an earlier onset of mitotic activity in CFU after irradiation. The increased number of spleen colonies in tocopherol-injected mice is not due to an altered CFU seeding efficiency associated with an altered spleen microenvironment. Tocopherol injection did not affect the shoulder of the stem cell survival curve using exogenous spleen colony assays of bone marrow-derived or spleen-derived hematopoietic stem cells. There appears to be a decrease in Do in the higher dose region (4.3 Gy) of the bone marrow exogenous SCA survival curves for the vehicle-injected and the non-injected groups; however, the tocopherol-injected group showed no evidence of change in radiosensitivity up to the highest dose used (5.0 Gy). Data may be interpreted to suggest that the therapeutic effect of tocopherol may involve repair of hematopoietic stem cell damage in the higher dose range of bone marrow syndrome.
A Service Level Agreement Verification System using Blockchains (2020)

Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are used to establish a contract, an agreement between two parties, which can be between two operators, or between a customer and an operator. The SLAs methods are a key aspect between consumers and providers, which can continuously monitor the Quality of Service (QoS) attributes and enforce its reliability, but the SLA also needs an entity to manage it. Smarts contracts are programs that are executed in a blockchain and ensure integrity and reliability to data stored in the distributed structure. This work proposes a solution using smarts contracts and blockchains in order to simplify the process of SLA validation.
Organoplatinum(II) and -(IV) and organopalladium(II) and -(IV) complexes of a macrocyclic thioether: x-ray crystal structure of Pt(C6H5)2(9S3), an example of exodentate 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane (9S3) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganoplatinum(II) and -(IV) and organopalladium(II) and -(IV) complexes of a macrocyclic thioether: x-ray crystal structure of Pt(C6H5)2(9S3), an example of exodentate 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane (9S3)Martin A. Bennett, Allan J. Canty, Josef K. Felixberger, Louis M. Rendina, Christopher Sunderland, and Anthony C. WillisCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 10, 1951–1958Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00062a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00062a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views275Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Modeling for the Optimization Evaluation of Layout Scenarios of Subsea Cluster Manifolds Considering Three Connection Types (2014)

Abstract Based on a connection matrix and a cost matrix, a mathematical model is presented to describe the optimization evaluation of the layout scenarios of subsea cluster manifolds in ocean engineering at the lowest cost. The connection facilities are considered, including jumpers, pipeline end terminations (PLETs), and infield flowlines. The dedicated series-iteration algorithms programed by MATLAB are conducted to solve this complex nonlinear 0‐1 programming problem. Additionally, numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the validity of the model and the performance of its algorithms. The results show that the proposed model can precisely describe the layout characteristics of cluster manifolds in engineering and the dedicated algorithms are quite robust. Possible layout scenarios with three-to-eight cluster manifolds for 22 subsea wells can be obtained, from which the optimal one with the lowest cost can be found by comparison. This approach can provide quantitative and efficient references to engineers to assist them in making their decisions in the layout of subsea production systems.
When “Neat” Just Isnʼt Enough: Gaining Precision and Depth in HLA Antibody Data Interpretation Utilizing Titers and C1q Antibody Binding Assay. (2014)

BACKGROUND: Virtual crossmatches (VXM) are routinely performed utilizing solid-phase single antigen (SA) HLA antibody (Ab) assays to determine compatibility and induction and maintenance therapies for transplant recipients. SA tests are also a critical component of post-transplant monitoring for Ab mediated rejection (AMR). Neat, or undiluted, sera samples from highly sensitized patients (pts) are susceptible to prozone in these assays, which masks strong or high titer donor specific Ab (DSA). Titration and/or C1q-binding Ab (C1q) assays could alleviate these issues and add needed data to determine clinical risk from DSA. METHODS: We prospectively tested 47 neat and tittered samples from 34 highly sensitized pts who underwent kidney or heart transplant at our center, using commercially available SA-IgG and C1q kits. SA-IgG data was stratified into Strong (>10,000 MFI), Strong Moderate (5,001-10,000 MFI), Weak Moderate (2,501-5,000 MFI), Weak (1,000-2,500 MFI) and Negative Ab expression (< 1,000 MFI). C1q Ab expression was categorized as Strong (>10,000 MFI), Strong Moderate (5,001-10,000 MFI), Weak Moderate (1001-5,000 MFI), Weak (200-1000 MFI) and Negative (< 200 MFI). RESULTS: Prozone effect, as revealed by titration studies, was observed in 10/34 patients (11/47 tests) using neat sera SA-IgG tests. Prozone was most apparent at a titer of 1:16 on average; 0% of C1q results displayed prozone. Importantly, comparisons between neat MFI values and antibody strength, using titer evaluation, showed disconcordance in 19/34 patients. Specifically, 12/34 patients (15/47 tests) exhibited low neat MFI (1,000-5,000) while antibody titers were high (1:256->1:1024). Furthermore, 6/34 patients (7/47 tests) exhibited high neat MFI (>5,000) but the antibody strength per titer was low (1:1-1:32). CONCLUSION: Prozone effect was observed in 30% of patients in this cohort. Conflicting data between neat IgG MFI values and titers were observed in 56% of patients. While both titration and C1q studies alleviated this issue in 100% of the cohort, only titration studies informed a sense of avidity and affinity of Ab binding while maintaining high sensitivity, as only 9.4% of DSA tittering at or below 1:64 were detected by C1q. We conclude that titration studies provide valuable clinical information in accurately predicting VXM results and effectiveness of desensitization or of therapeutic modalities to resolve AMR. DISCLOSURES:Friedewald, J.: Grant/Research Support, Pfizer, Stockholder, TGI.
Graphene Supercapacitors: Vertically Oriented Graphene Bridging Active‐Layer/Current‐Collector Interface for Ultrahigh Rate Supercapacitors (Adv. Mater. 40/2013) (2013)

Vertically oriented graphene nanosheets are used to electrically bridge the current collector and active materials, enabling fluent charge transport in electrochemical energy storage devices. As reported by Zheng Bo, Zhenhai Wen, Xinliang Feng, and co-workers on page 5799, the vertically oriented graphene-bridged supercapacitors present excellent rate and power capabilities with a significantly reduced interfacial contact resistance.