gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and drug release of drug-loaded microparticles prepared with different solvents using electrospraying (2012)

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles containing the drug Celecoxib (CEL) were prepared at 10% drug loading with electrospraying using the solvents acetone (ACE) and methanol (MeOH) at molar ratios 100:0, 90:10 and 75:25 (ACE:MeOH). The particles produced were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Drug release from the particle samples was studied for 20h in a PBS media containing 1.5% SLS. Particles were in the size range of 2-5µm with near-spherical geometry, and with smooth or grainy surfaces for particles prepared with ACE or binary solvents respectively. The grainy morphology observed with binary solvents is explained by the poorer solubility of PLGA in MeOH resulting in early precipitation during particle formation. The particles prepared with binary solvents were smaller than those prepared with single solvent partly due to a more compact conformation of PLGA. Although all particles were prepared with 10%CEL, XPS measurements showed that the CEL concentration on the surface was between 26 and 39%. The surface CEL concentration for particles prepared with binary solvents was 38-39% while it was 26% for those prepared in ACE. This big difference indicates a phase separation between PLGA and CEL in the binary solvents. The drug release study showed diffusion driven release with over 90% of the drug content released in the 20h of measurement. The particles prepared with ACE showed a gradual release while those prepared with binary solvents showed a much quicker release. This quicker release is explained by the grainy particle morphology and surface enrichment of CEL, and these particles were also shown to disintegrate during drug dissolution. Electrosprayed PLGA/CEL microparticles prepared from single and binary solvents exhibited different size and morphology as well as surface chemistry and drug release profile demonstrating the significant effects of solvents on the characteristics of these drug microparticles.
Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles (2005)

The present investigation describes the synthesis and characterization of novel biodegradable nanoparticles based on chitosan for biomedical applications. Natural di- and tricarboxylic acids were used for intramolecular cross-linking of the chitosan linear chains. The condensation reaction of carboxylic groups and pendant amino groups of chitosan was performed by using water-soluble carbodiimide. This method allows the formation of polycations, polyanions, and polyampholyte nanoparticles. The prepared nanosystems were stable in aqueous media at low pH, neutral, and mild alkaline conditions. The structure of products was determined by NMR spectroscopy, and the particle size was identified by laser light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. It was found that particle size depends on the pH, but at a given pH, it was independent of the ratio of cross-linking and the cross-linking agent. Particle size measured by TEM varied in the range 60-280 nm. In the swollen state, the average size of the particles measured by DLS was in the range 270-370 nm depending on the pH. The biodegradable cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles, as solutions or dispersions in aqueous media, might be useful for various biomedical applications.
Synthesis of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu oxide/Ag superconductors by melt dipping and oxidation of metallic precursor alloys (1989)

Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-Ag alloy coatings were made by vacuum induction melting followed by melt dipping on substrates of MgO, SrTiO3, and Al2O3. The metallic precursor layers were then subjected to a controlled atmosphere oxidation and annealing to produce oxide superconductors. Superconducting coatings with onset temperatures of 112 K and zero resistance temperatures of 80 K were obtained in this way. The addition of Ag aided in the alloy melting and dipping processes, and produced a superconducting oxide/noble metal composite after oxidation. The resulting superconducting phases were analyzed by x-ray powder diffraction. The influence of the substrate, dipping processes, oxidation, and annealing conditions on the superconducting properties are discussed.
Treatment with 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Methylester Is Less Painful than Treatment with 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Nanoemulsion in Topical Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratosis (2011)

Our data shows that PDT using MAL is less painful than PDT using BF-200-ALA resulting in a significantly lower mean VAS score (p < 0.001), significantly fewer patients experiencing severe pain (p < 0.001) and a significantly (p < 0.05) lower number of treatment interruptions. Differences in selectivity for tumour cells and transport of ALA in peripheral neurons may play a role.
Gene regulation by thyroid hormone receptors (1996)

During the first decade since the thyroid hormone receptors were cloned as homologues of v-erbA, many promoters regulated by these receptors were identified, and the importance of ligand-dependent and ligand-independent differential control of gene expression was established. In this review, we discuss some reports that mark the inception of the second decade of thyroid hormone receptor research as one in which a clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms of receptor action is likely to be achieved. Solving the crystal structure of the liganded thyroid hormone receptor has provided a conceptual basis for understanding the protein interactions that modulate the gene activation program of nuclear receptors. Many potential cofactors of the thyroid hormone receptor have now been characterized and cloned, providing the next level of definition of the complex regulation of positive and negative control of gene expression. Furthermore, evidence has been obtained for direct interactions between the proteins of the basic poly-merase II transcription machinery with the thyroid hormone receptor that could be responsible for the ligand-independent repression in in vitro systems.
A Comparison of Pull-Out Capacity of Suction Anchors in Clay and Sand (2014)

With the oil and gas exploitation develop to the deep sea; offshore platform under extreme environment load needs more stable anchorage foundation. Based on the slender suction anchor of SPAR, three-dimensional numerical analysis method was presented to study the ultimate pull-out capacity. Based on the geological conditions from South China Sea, clay and sand was selected as soil conditions to make a comparison analysis. The effects of soil type, load positions, load angles and aspect ratio on the ultimate bearing pull-out resistance of the suction foundation were studied. The comparison analysis results indicated that the ultimate pull-out resistance of suction anchors in sand has a greater rise rate and achieve ultimate pull-out capacity need smaller displacement than in clay; load point and load angles have a great impact on the resistance and there is a critical aspect ratio under inclined loading in sand.
Enhancing the margin of selectivity of RPA 201772 inZea mayswith antidotes (1999)

The antidotes dichlormid, MON-4660, CGA-154281, R-29148, and MON-13900 were tested in the greenhouse to protect Zea mays L. (corn) against RPA 201772 injury. High rates of RPA 201772 injured four Z. mays hybrids &gt; 30%. R-29148 and MON-13900 were the most effective of the five antidotes evaluated. R-29148 applied at rates ⩾ 45 g ha −1 provided excellent protection against RPA 201772 injury and also prevented injury to Z. mays from diketonitrile, the active metabolite of RPA 201772. In laboratory studies, R-29148 did not alter absorption of 14 C-RPA 201772 from soil; however, R-29148 significantly enhanced the rate of RPA 201772 metabolism and inactivation in Z. mays. The mixed function oxidase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO) increased RPA 201772 injury on all hybrids. These results demonstrate that Z. mays tolerance to RPA 201772 can be enhanced with the use of antidotes such as R-29148 and MON-13900, that R-29148 protects Z. mays from RPA 201772 and diketonitrile by the enhancement of metabolism, and that oxidative reactions may be involved in the metabolism of RPA 201772 in Z. mays.
IMPROVED MULTIMODE FIBER FOR LOCAL AREA NETWORKS BY THE OUTSIDE VAPOR DEPOSITION PROCESS (1986)

Over the last several years, multimode (MM) fiber has been gradually displaced from telcom laser based, long-distance applications by single mode (SM) fibers. Today, MM fibers are used mainly in local area network (LAN) applications, where typically, the distances are much shorter, many connectors are required and the light source is a light-emitting diode (LED). Fiber designs for LAN's are characterized by large numerical aperture (NA), moderate core size and moderate bandwidth (BW). It is also important that the BW of Installed cable lengths cut from factory lengths be predictable and that the chromatic dispersion be well characterized.
Skin lipid organization, composition and barrier function (2008)

Citation: IFSCC Magazine , 10 (2007) (4) 297–307 The primary function of the skin is to act as a barrier against unwanted influences from the environment and to protect the body from water loss. The barrier function of the skin is located in the superficial layer of the skin, the stratum corneum. The stratum corneum consists of dead cells filled with keratin and water, the corneocytes, embedded in lipid regions. As the lipid regions are the only continuous structure in the stratum corneum, they are considered to be very important for the skin barrier function. The main lipid classes are ceramides, cholesterol and free fatty acids. In this paper the lipid organization in human stratum corneum is reviewed. In addition, the role the various lipid classes play in lipid organization is discussed using mixtures prepared from either native human ceramides or synthetic ceramides. Finally, a model is described which allows study of the relation between lipid composition, organization and barrier function. This model is referred to as the stratum corneum substitute. Keywords: ceramides, FTIR, lipid organization, stratum corneum, X‐ray diffraction
Polyimide Coated Capillary Tubing: A Summary of Cutting Technologies (2005)

Polyimide-coated fused-silica capillary tubing is a vital component in many separation science techniques. In this application note, we discuss methods for cutting capillary tubing and show the results of different cutting technologies.
Model-based prognostic techniques [maintenance applications] (2004)

Conventional maintenance strategies, such as corrective preventive maintenance, are not adequate to fulfill the needs of expensive and high availability industrial systems. A new strategy based on forecasting of system degradation through a prognostic process is required. The recent advances in model-based design technology have realized significant time savings in product development cycle. These advances facilitate the integration of model-based diagnosis and prognosis of systems, leading to condition-based maintenance and increased availability of systems. With an accurate simulation model of a system, diagnostics and prognostics can be synthesized concurrently with system design. In this paper, we develop an integrated prognostic process based on data collected from model-based simulations under nominal and degraded conditions. Prognostic models are constructed based on different random load conditions (modes). An interacting multiple model (IMM) is used to track the hidden damage. Remaining life prediction is performed by mixing mode-based life predictions via time-averaged mode probabilities. The solution has the potential to be applicable to a variety of systems, ranging from automobiles to aerospace systems.
Unrolling loops in fortran (1979)

Abstract The technique of ‘unrolling’ to improve the performance of short program loops without resorting to assembly language coding is discussed. A comparison of the benefits of loop ‘unrolling’ on a variety of computers using an assortment of FORTRAN compilers is presented.
Variants in Nebulin (NEB) Are Linked to the Development of Familial Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma in Basset Hounds (2015)

Several dog breeds are susceptible to developing primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), which suggests a genetic basis for the disease. We have identified a four-generation Basset Hound pedigree with characteristic autosomal recessive PACG that closely recapitulates PACG in humans. Our aim is to utilize gene mapping and whole exome sequencing approaches to identify PACG-causing sequence variants in the Basset. Extensive clinical phenotyping of all pedigree members was conducted. SNP-chip genotyping was carried out in 9 affected and 15 unaffected pedigree members. Two-point and multipoint linkage analyses of genome-wide SNP data were performed using Superlink-Online SNP-1.1 and a locus was mapped to chromosome 19q with a maximum LOD score of 3.24. The locus contains 12 Ensemble predicted canine genes and is syntenic to a region on chromosome 2 in the human genome. Using exome-sequencing analysis, a possibly damaging, non-synonymous variant in the gene Nebulin (NEB) was found to segregate with PACG which alters a phylogenetically conserved Lysine residue. The association of this variants with PACG was confirmed in a secondary cohort of unrelated Basset Hounds (p = 3.4 × 10-4, OR = 15.3 for homozygosity). Nebulin, a protein that promotes the contractile function of sarcomeres, was found to be prominently expressed in the ciliary muscles of the anterior segment. Our findings may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms that underlie PACG. The phenotypic similarities of disease presentation in dogs and humans may enable the translation of findings made in this study to patients with PACG.
Modern soft-switching topology for galvanic insulated railways auxiliary converter (2012)

A high-efficiency high-frequency link inverter design with bi-directional power flow, using a zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) technique is proposed. The considered configuration includes a HF full-bridge inverter, a HF transformer, a 3-phase cycloconverter; Required bidirectional switches have been composed by anti-series IGBT connection. Main advantages of the topology are weight and size reduction, by elimination of intermediate filter and reduction of number of stages. A novel digital control strategy is presented, and performances are evaluated by means of numerical simulation, showing its effectiveness.
Multiphase Multilevel Modular DC–DC Converter for High-Current High-Gain TEG Application (2011)

This paper presents a high-efficiency zero-current-switching (ZCS) switched-capacitor (SC) dc-dc converter for high-current high-voltage-gain TEG application. Compared with the traditional hard switching SC circuits, the proposed circuit achieves ZCS for all the switches, thus minimizing the switching loss and electromagnetic interference noise. The huge electrolytic capacitor bank existing in the hard switching SC circuit, which is used to reduce the voltage ripple and achieve high efficiency, is eliminated. The low-capacitance ceramic capacitor is utilized instead. Different from other ZCS SC circuits that insert a magnetic core, the proposed circuit utilizes stray inductance that is present in the circuit to achieve ZCS, thus leading to small-size, low-cost, and high-reliability features. The proposed circuit also owns continuous input current and low-output-voltage ripple features. Therefore, the power loss related to the input capacitor can be minimized. By using the proposed topology, high-efficiency and high-power-density SC dc-dc converters could be made for high-current and high-voltage-gain application. Simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the validity and features of the proposed topology.
Magnetically actuated, addressable microstructures (1997)

Surface-micromachined, batch-fabricated structures that combine plated-nickel films with polysilicon mechanical flexures to produce individually addressable, magnetically activated devices have been fabricated and tested. Individual microactuator control has been achieved in two ways: (1) by actuating devices using the magnetic field generated by coils integrated around each device and (2) by using electrostatic forces to clamp selected devices to an insulated ground plane while unclamped devices are freely moved through large out-of-plane excursions by an off-chip magnetic field. The present application for these structures is as micromirrors for microphotonic systems where they can be used either for selection from an array of mirrors or else individually for switching among fiber paths.
Implementing Data-Based Program Modification Big Ideas (2012)

This chapter describes the “Big Ideas” of a comprehensive problem-solving model that requires adherence to the principles of data-based decision making. These big ideas include: the problem is never the disability; the purpose of assessment is to quantify and measure the student’s actual progress, the student’s expected progress, and the discrepancy between the two; program modifications directed at reducing or eliminating a problem must be directly, frequently, and continuously monitored to determine their effects; and Curriculum-Based Measures are valid and reliable indicators of students’ progress. It also traces the challenges and successes in the development and implementation of district-wide use of Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) and problem-solving practices.
A Case of Incus Necrosis Following Oral and Intratympanic Steroid Administration for Sensorineural Hearing Loss (2020)

Objective: Intratympanic (IT) steroid injections are often used for the treatment of inner ear pathologies, including sudden sensorineural hearing loss. IT steroids are also commonly used in conjunction with or in case of systemic steroid therapy failure. They are viable options for patients who cannot endure side effects or are at high risk of complications from systemic therapy. The duration of treatment, strength, and type of steroid, and number of IT injections are important factors that impact possible treatment complications. Reported complications, though uncommon, include tympanic membrane perforation, otalgia, vertigo, otitis media, and acne. In this report, we explore a novel case of incus necrosis associated with oral and/or IT steroid administration. Study Design: Clinical Capsule Report. Setting: Tertiary Academic Center. Patient: We present a case of a 70-year-old male with sudden sensorineural hearing loss who developed incus necrosis and conductive hearing loss following treatment with oral and intratympanic steroids. Intervention: The patient underwent a left tympanoplasty with ossicular chain reconstruction to treat the conductive component of his hearing loss. Results: The left tympanoplasty almost fully-resolved the conductive component of his hearing loss. However, intraoperative and CT assessment of the temporal bone revealed resorption of the long process of the incus, with otherwise normal-appearing ossicles. Conclusion: We report the first case of possible steroid-induced necrosis of the long process of the incus. Owing to its tenuous blood supply, the incus may be predisposed to steroid-induced osteonecrosis similar to that of the femoral head.
Joint Multimodal Learning with Deep Generative Models (2017)

We investigate deep generative models that can exchange multiple modalities bi-directionally, e.g., generating images from corresponding texts and vice versa. Recently, some studies handle multiple modalities on deep generative models, such as variational autoencoders (VAEs). However, these models typically assume that modalities are forced to have a conditioned relation, i.e., we can only generate modalities in one direction. To achieve our objective, we should extract a joint representation that captures high-level concepts among all modalities and through which we can exchange them bi-directionally. As described herein, we propose a joint multimodal variational autoencoder (JMVAE), in which all modalities are independently conditioned on joint representation. In other words, it models a joint distribution of modalities. Furthermore, to be able to generate missing modalities from the remaining modalities properly, we develop an additional method, JMVAE-kl, that is trained by reducing the divergence between JMVAE's encoder and prepared networks of respective modalities. Our experiments show that our proposed method can obtain appropriate joint representation from multiple modalities and that it can generate and reconstruct them more properly than conventional VAEs. We further demonstrate that JMVAE can generate multiple modalities bi-directionally.
Keratinocyte apoptosis and p53 expression in cutaneous lupus and dermatomyositis (1999)

Keratinocyte apoptosis may be induced by ultraviolet-B radiation and represents a potential source of fragmented autoantigens in autoimmune diseases. This study investigates whether excessive keratinocyte apoptosis occurs in the skin lesions of cutaneous lupus (CLE) and dermatomyositis (DM) and the potential mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon. Skin biopsies have been studied from 19 patients with CLE and DM, eight with scleroderma, and five healthy controls. Apoptosis was detected by in situ end-labelling of fragmented DNA. The expression of Bcl-2, PCNA, p53, and Ki-67 proteins was studied by immunohistochemistry. In DM and CLE skin, the number of apoptotic keratinocytes was significantly increased (p=0.008) compared with normal skin. In both diseases, a large accumulation of apoptotic keratinocytes and apoptotic bodies was present in the disrupted basal zone. Unlike normal skin, a large number of keratinocytes, particularly those morphologically apoptotic, expressed p53 protein. A significant increase in the number of proliferating Ki-67 positive (p=0.0007) and PCNA-positive (p=0.0008) nuclei was also observed. In both CLE and DM, exaggerated and inappropriate keratinocyte apoptosis occurs. It is associated with increased expression of p53 and PCNA. This suggests that normal solar radiation alone or in combination with additional local factors induces DNA damage and excessive keratinocyte apoptosis in these autoimmune diseases of the skin. Apoptosis can mediate the severe epidermal lesions observed in both diseases and the release of fragmented autoantigens into the dermis.
Dispositifs à transfert de charges (1989)

1 Description 1.1 Structure générale 1.2 Fonctionnement d'un étage de DTC 1.3 Technologie. Mise en oeuvre 1.4 Résumé 2 Fonctionnement en ligne à retard 2.1 Entrée et sortie du DTC 2.2 Comportement temporel et fréquentiel 2.3 Dynamique, capacité et débit d'information 2.
Sigma-B, a putative operon encoding alternate sigma factor of Staphylococcus aureus RNA polymerase: molecular cloning and DNA sequencing (1996)

We have identified a gene cluster located on the chromosomal SmaI I fragment of a highly methicillin resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus, consisting of four open reading frames (ORFs), named after the number of deduced amino acid residues, in the sequential order orf333-orf108-orf159-orf256. The gene cluster showed close similarities to the Bacillus subtilis sigB operon both in overall organization and in primary sequences of the gene products. The complete gene cluster (provisionally named sigma-B or sigB) was preceded by an sigmaA-like promoter (PA) and had an internal sigmaB-like promoter sequence (PB) between orf333 and orf108, suggesting a complex regulatory mechanism. The polypeptides encoded by orf333, -108, -159, and -256 showed 62, 67, 71, and 77% homologies, respectively, with the RsbU, RsbV, RsbW, and SigB polypeptides encoded by the B. subtilis sigB operon. A Tn551 insertional mutant, RUSA168 (insert in orf256 of the staphylococcal sigma-B operon), showed drastic reduction in methicillin resistance (decrease in MIC from 1,600 microg ml-1 to 12 to 25 microg ml-1off