gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image correction algorithm for functional three-dimensional diffuse optical tomography brain imaging (2007)

We outline a computationally efficient image correction algorithm, which we have applied to diffuse optical tomography (DOT) image time series derived from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based brain model. Results show that the algorithm increases spatial resolution, decreases spatial bias, and only modestly reduces temporal accuracy for noise levels typically seen in experiment, and produces results comparable to image reconstructions that incorporate information from MRI priors. We demonstrate that this algorithm has robust performance in the presence of noise, background heterogeneity, irregular external and internal boundaries, and error in the initial guess. However, the algorithm introduces artifacts when the absorption and scattering coefficients of the reference medium are overestimated--a situation that is easily avoided in practice. The considered algorithm offers a practical approach to improving the quality of images from time-series DOT, even without the use of MRI priors.
Antimicrobial Peptides: Versatile Biological Properties (2013)

Antimicrobial peptides are diverse group of biologically active molecules with multidimensional properties. In recent past, a wide variety of AMPs with diverse structures have been reported from different sources such as plants, animals, mammals, and microorganisms. The presence of unusual amino acids and structural motifs in AMPs confers unique structural properties to the peptide that attribute for their specific mode of action. The ability of these active AMPs to act as multifunctional effector molecules such as signalling molecule, immune modulators, mitogen, antitumor, and contraceptive agent makes it an interesting candidate to study every aspect of their structural and biological properties for prophylactic and therapeutic applications. In addition, easy cloning and recombinant expression of AMPs in heterologous plant host systems provided a pipeline for production of disease resistant transgenic plants. Besides these properties, AMPs were also used as drug delivery vectors to deliver cell impermeable drugs to cell interior. The present review focuses on the diversity and broad spectrum antimicrobial activity of AMPs along with its multidimensional properties that could be exploited for the application of these bioactive peptides as a potential and promising drug candidate in pharmaceutical industries.
Selected applications of balloon dissection. (1994)

Historically, balloons have been used in surgery for a variety of applications. Over the past decades, balloons have been used by surgeons for retaining means (Foley catheter), extraction and occlusion (Fogarty catheter), tamponade (Sengstaken-Blakemore tube) as well as other uses such as dilation and calibration. The pioneering efforts of Gauer and Kieturakis have broadened the use of balloons for a new surgical application - dissection. An important feature of balloon dissection is that it allows the surgeon to create a new operative working space in which a surgical procedure can be performed. Currently, a particularly useful working space is the region immediately outside the peritoneum, frequently termed the extraperitoneal space. A variety of procedures can be performed laparoscopically in the extraperitoneal space such as herniorrhaphy, bladder neck suspension, lymph node dissection, and varicocelectomy.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth and characterization of a novel superlattice system: Hg1−xCdxTe-CdTe (1986)

Hg1−xCdxTe-CdTe superlattices of both type I and type III have been grown for the first time using the molecular beam epitaxy technique. The superlattices were grown at 190 °C. They have been characterized by electron and x-ray diffraction, infrared transmission, and Hall measurements. The presence of satellite peaks in the x-ray spectra shows the superlattices to be of high quality. Infrared transmission spectra show that HgCdTe-CdTe superlattices have narrower band gaps than equivalent HgCdTe alloys. These superlattices are p type. Their Hall characterizations, along with magnetotransport experiments, seem to indicate that high hole mobilities observed in p-type HgTe-CdTe superlattices are due to some type of relationship between the two-dimensional heavy hole gas and the interface state existing in type III superlattices.
Epigenetic abnormalities associated with a chromosome 18(q21-q22) inversion and a Gilles de la Tourette syndrome phenotype (2003)

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a potentially debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder defined by the presence of both vocal and motor tics. Despite evidence that this and a related phenotypic spectrum, including chronic tics (CT) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), are genetically mediated, no gene involved in disease etiology has been identified. Chromosomal abnormalities have long been proposed to play a causative role in isolated cases of GTS spectrum phenomena, but confirmation of this hypothesis has yet to be forthcoming. We describe an i(18q21.1-q22.2) inversion in a patient with CT and OCD. We have fine mapped the telomeric aspect of the rearrangement to within 1 Mb of a previously reported 18q22 breakpoint that cosegregated in a family with GTS and related phenotypes. A comprehensive characterization of this genomic interval led to the identification of two transcripts, neither of which was found to be structurally disrupted. Analysis of the epigenetic characteristics of the region demonstrated a significant increase in replication asynchrony in the patient compared to controls, with the inverted chromosome showing delayed replication timing across at least a 500-kb interval. These findings are consistent with long-range functional dysregulation of one or more genes in the region. Our data support a link between chromosomal aberrations and epigenetic mechanisms in GTS and suggest that the study of the functional consequences of balanced chromosomal rearrangements is warranted in patients with phenotypes of interest, irrespective of the findings regarding structurally disrupted transcripts.
Suppression of ATP Diphosphohydrolase/CD39 in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells (1999)

Vascular ATP diphosphohydrolase/CD39 is an endothelial cell membrane protein with both ecto-ATPase and ecto-ADPase activities. Suppression of constitutive CD39 expression may result in elevated concentrations of ATP and ADP at the vascular interface that could predispose to thrombosis and inflammation. To study the effects of suppression of CD39 synthesis, stable 25-base antisense chimeric oligonucleotides targeting sequences at the 5' region of CD39 were designed. Transfection of these stable oligomers into cultured human endothelial cells resulted in dramatic decreases in levels of CD39 mRNA transcripts. Following transfection with antisense oligonucleotides, total ADPase activity fell from 26.0 +/- 3.1 in control cultures to 9.5 +/- 3.4 nmol of P(i) min(-1) (mg of protein)(-1) (p < 0.005); suppression of CD39 protein expression was also observed by Western blotting. Decreases in ATP diphosphohydrolase activity were associated with increases in concentrations of extracellular purine nucleotides released following stimulation of endothelial cells. Rates of initial hydrolysis of extracellular ATP released from purinergic agonist-stimulated endothelial cells decreased from 17.9 +/- 5.0 to 4.8 +/- 0.5 pmol min(-1) per 10(6) cells (p < 0.005) in antisense transfected cells. Therefore, CD39 regulates extracellular ATP concentrations and may be an important modulator of purinergic receptor activity in vascular endothelial cells.
Thrombocytosis as a prognostic factor for survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2005)

4599 Background: It has been suggested that thrombocytosis, defined as a platelet count >400 K/uL, is a negative predictor for survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), (Symbas, BJU Int 2000), however, this is not a uniform finding, (Negrier, Ann Oncol 2002, Inoue, Int J Urol 2004). Methods: To address this issue a retrospective analysis of 700 previously untreated patients (pts) entered onto institution review board approved phase I, II, or III clinical trials conducted in the United States and Europe between 1982 and 2002 was conducted. Results: 71% of pts were male, median age at on-study was 57.9 years, 77% of pts had prior nephrectomy, and 19% had prior radiotherapy (RT). 21% of pts were ECOG performance status (PS) 0, 64% were PS 1, and 15% were PS 2. Median baseline platelet count was 304 K/uL, range, 86–1420. Thrombocytosis was present at study entry in 25% of pts. 87% of pts have died; median survival was 13.0 months. In univariable analysis, patients with elevated platelet counts had significantly shorter survival than patients with normal platelet counts; median survivals of 14.6 and 8.4 months, respectively, logrank p<.001. Platelet count, however was associated with a number of clinical and biochemical factors, including gender, age, PS, time from diagnosis (dx) to study entry, RT, liver metastasis, number of metastatic sites, hemoglobin, WBC, and serum alkaline phosphatase (Spearman correlation or Wilcoxon rank sum p<.05). Several of these factors, in addition to others have previously been reported to be prognostic for survival in this population, and therefore multivariable analyses (Cox proportional hazards models) were conducted to determine if thrombocytosis is an independent predictor. Adjusting for gender, age (≤60 vs >60), PS, time from dx (≥1 vs <1 year), RT, number of metastatic sites (1 vs >1), hemoglobin (normal vs below laboratory’s lower limit of normal), WBC (≤11.0 vs >11.0 K/uL), serum lactate dehydrogenase (≤1.5 vs >1.5 X laboratory’s upper limit of normal) and alkaline phosphatase (≤100 vs >100 U/L), thrombocytosis was still seen to impact negatively on survival, p<.001. Conclusions: Thrombocytosis is an independent prognostic factor for survival in pts with mRCC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Tannis of Medicinal Plants and Drugs (1981)

This review summarizes the research carried out in recent years at the author's laboratory on tannins in several medicinal plants and drugs, most of which have been presumed to contain tannin as the main active principle.Contents 1. Introduction 2. Geraniin from Geranium thunbergii 3. Hydrolysis of geraniin 4. Mallotusinic acid and mallotinic acld from Mallotus japonicus 5. Distribution of geraniin and mallotusinic acid in plants 6. Granatin A and granatin B from granatum 7. Tannins of myrobalansrevised structures of terchebin, chebulinic acid and chebulagic acid, and isolation of.punicalagin8. Hydrolysable tannins of other medicinal plants 9. Condensed tannins of medicinal plants 10.Correlations of the structures of tannins with the activities and the biogenesis
Galectin‐4 functions as a tumor suppressor of human colorectal cancer (2010)

Development of colorectal cancer (CRC) involves a series of genetic alterations with altered expression of proteins and cell signaling pathways. Here, we identified that galectin-4 (gal-4), a marker of differentiation, was down-regulated in CRC. The goal of this work was to determine the function of gal-4 in CRC. Toward this goal, the human colon biopsies and tissue microarrays containing a gradient of pathology were analyzed for gal-4 expression by immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation, migration, motility, forced expression, knockdown, cell cycle and apoptosis assays were used to characterize gal-4 function. Immunohistochemistry identified that gal-4 expression was significantly down-regulated in adenomas and was essentially absent in invasive carcinomas. Forced expression of gal-4 in gal-4 -ve cells induced cell cycle arrest and retarded cell migration and motility. Further, gal-4 sensitized the cells to camptothecin-induced apoptosis. Gal-4 knockdown resulted in increased cell proliferation, migration and motility. Gal-4 was found to be associated with Wnt signaling proteins. Finally, gal-4 expression led to down-regulation of Wnt signaling target genes. This study demonstrates that loss of gal-4 is a common and specific event in CRC. This study also shows that gal-4 exhibits tumor suppressive effects in CRC cells in vitro. Through its ability to interact with and down-regulate the functions of Wnt signaling pathway, gal-4 reveals a new dimension in the control of the Wnt signaling pathway. Thus, gal-4 may prove to be an important molecule in understanding the biology of CRC.
Molecular Profiling in CLL (2008)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has an extremely heterogeneous clinical course, with some patients requiring immediate therapy and others living without need for treatment for decades. There has been considerable interest in the underlying molecular mechanisms of this heterogeneity to understand not only the expected clinical course for individual patients but also the underlying pathogenesis of this disease. A number of clinical parameters have been identified that are predictive of the clinical course. More recently, a number of molecular biomarkers, most notably cytogenetics by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgVH) mutational status and expression of ZAP70, have been identified and verified as also providing prognostic information. The current challenge is to understand how we should use this new information in clinical practice and whether we should alter treatment based upon the detection of "high-risk" features. Over the past decade there has been considerable progress in development of more effective treatments for CLL, but current consensus is that treatment of CLL should be based upon the treatment of symptomatic disease. Specific treatment decisions based upon the detection of "high-risk" features remains a question for clinical trials, which will address the potential value of early treatment for specific groups of patients and whether all patients with CLL should receive a standard treatment or whether treatment should be modified in different risk groups.
Anonymous credentials with practical revocation (2012)

The purpose of anonymous credentials is to bring more privacy to digital communication. By using anonymous credentials, users can anonymously prove the possession of personal attributes. The attributes can represent any personal information, including age, citizenship or birthplace. Unfortunately, existing credential schemes miss practical revocation features for revoking invalid, malicious or expired users. Although many revocation techniques were proposed in the literature during last decade, none of them is practical on off-line, computationally weak devices like smart-cards. This prevents anonymous credentials from being used as electronic IDs (eIDs). In this paper, we introduce the first anonymous credential scheme providing practical revocation features implementable on existing, commercially available smart-cards. Moreover, our scheme provides features for the de-anonymization of malicious users. Finally, the experimental results from our .NET and MULTOS smart-card implementation are presented.
The Death Receptor Pathway (2009)

The TNF receptor superfamily is a large group of membrane-associated receptors characterized by structural similarities in their extracellular and intracellular domains. A subgroup of these receptors, the so-called death receptors, shares an intracellular motif termed the death domain. When engaged by their cognate ligands, these receptors trigger an apoptotic pathway often referred to as the extrinsic pathway. This is mediated by the recruitment of various adaptor proteins, which, in turn, recruit and facilitate the activation of initiator caspases, initiating a proteolytic cascade. Death receptor deregulation has been associated with several pathological conditions; for this reason, death receptors have been the subject of intensive studies. These studies have also revealed, in different settings, that death receptors have additional apoptosis-independent functions, including regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, chemokine production, and tumor-promoting activity. This chapter provides an updated overview on the signaling pathways mediated by the death receptors and on their role in human physiology and pathophysiology.
Single phase to earth fault location method in distribution network based on signal injection principle (2011)

A single phase to earth fault location method in distribution network based on signal injection principle is proposed. It is expected to solve single phase to earth fault location problem in neutral indirectly earth system. When single phase to earth fault occurs, a sine current signal with constant frequency is injected into the fault phase from potential transformer's secondary side, the injected signal current and its voltage drop on the fault line can be measured through the fault line's zero sequence current transformer (CT) and potential transformer (PT) on the bus. Based on distributed parameter model of distribution line, we can get the relational expressions between injected signal voltage and current at measuring point and fault point, then, we can solve the fault distance by using the resistive characteristic of transition resistance. This method is not affected by system structure and operating mode, and the use of distributed parameter line model eliminating the impact of distributed capacitance, the result of fault distance has high precision. Simulation results verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method.
γ-Aminobutyrate transaminase limits the catabolism of γ-aminobutyrate in cold-stressed Arabidopsis plants: insights from an overexpression mutant (2010)

We tested the hypothesis that γ-aminobutyrate transaminase (GABA-T) regulates the supply of succinate semialdehyde for succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase or NADPH-dependent glyoxylate/succinate semialdehyde reductase 1 (GLYR1) during stress. Constitutive overexpression (OX) lines of GABA-T were generated in Arabidopsis via the floral-dip method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Polymerase chain reaction enabled selection of four transgenic lines with higher GABA-T transcript levels than the wild-type (WT), but assay of cell-free leaf extracts revealed that only OX1 had elevated GABA-T activity. Brief cold treatments (4 °C exposure for 20 min or 1 h in the dark) increased leaf GABA concentrations in both the WT and OX1, but the concentrations in OX1 were consistently lower. These findings confirm that GABA-T limits the catabolism of GABA when its production is stimulated by stress, and suggest a bioengineering strategy for improving the availability of succinate semialdehyde for the Krebs cycle or GLYR1, a potential redox-modulating reaction during stress.
6-Endo Heck Cyclization of 3-(2-Iodophenoxy)methylbenzofurans: A Useful Approach to Pterocarpenes (2012)

Abstract Mitsunobu coupling of 3-hydroxymethylbenzofurans with o-iodophenols affords 3-(2-iodophenoxy)methylbenzofurans which under go a useful 6-endo Heck cyclization under Jeffery conditions to afford pterocarpene-type heterocycles. The unsubstituted parent pterocarpene thus prepared was readily converted to coumestan via subsequent PCC oxidation. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® to view the free supplemental file.
Prospektiver Vergleich zweier Methoden zur Bestimmung Zirkulierender Tumorzellen und deren HER2 Expression: Die DETECT-Studie bei Patientinnen mit metastasiertem Mammakarzinom (2011)

Zirkulierende Tumorzellen (CTC) können zu 30-60% im Blut von metastasierten Mammakarzinompatientinnen detektiert werden. Derzeit gibt es zwei CTC-Verfahren, die im Rahmen klinischer Studien eingesetzt werden. Der FDA anerkannte Cell Search Assay sowie der auf RT-PCR-basierende AdnagenBreast Test. Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Studie wurde die prognostischer Relevanz von CTC unter Berücksichtigung des HER2 Status metastasierten Mammakarzinompatientinnen evaluiert.
Interleukin-4/STAT6 Represses STAT1 and NF-κB-dependent Transcription through Distinct Mechanisms (2000)

STAT6 mediates interleukin-4 (IL-4)-dependent positive and negative regulation of inflammatory gene expression. In the present report we examined the molecular mechanisms involved in IL-4-induced repression of reporter gene transcription driven by STAT1 and/or NF-kappaB. Transient expression of STAT6 in a STAT6-deficient cell line (HEK 293) conferred sensitivity to IL-4 for STAT6-dependent transcription and for repression of interferon-gamma (IFNgamma)/STAT1- and/or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)/NF-kappaB-driven reporter gene expression. In cells transfected with a deletion mutant of STAT6 lacking its transactivating domain, IL-4 could not mediate either positive or negative control of reporter gene expression. Overexpression of CREB-binding protein dramatically enhanced IL-4/STAT6-stimulated transcription and overcame IL-4-mediated repression of TNFalpha/NF-kappaB-dependent but not IFNgamma/STAT1-dependent transcription. A single amino acid change in the DNA-binding domain of STAT6 (H415A) selectively reduced the affinity of STAT6 for IL-4-responsive STAT sequence motifs (N4) without affecting the affinity for IFNgamma-responsive (GAS) sequences (N3) and, accordingly, eliminated transcription from an IL-4-responsive promoter. Interestingly, this mutation eliminated IL-4-mediated suppression of reporter gene transcription stimulated by TNFalpha/NF-kappaB but retained nearly full capacity to suppress IFNgamma/STAT1-stimulated transcription. Taken together these results demonstrate that STAT6 mediates suppression of STAT1 and NF-kappaB-dependent transcription by distinct mechanisms. Both processes are dependent upon the STAT6 transactivation domain and may involve sequestration of necessary but different transcriptional coactivator proteins. These two suppressive mechanisms are controlled differentially by the nature of the STAT6 DNA-binding site (i.e. N3 versus N4).
A Novel Integrated Doherty Power Amplifier at 28GHz (2021)

Doherty Amplifier Topology implemented in
New and Efficient Synthesis of 6,11‐Dihydro‐11‐ethyl‐5H‐dibenz[b,e]azepine Derivatives Starting from N‐Benzylanilines via Amino‐Claisen and Friedel—Crafts Methodologies. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Volume holographic storage in spiropyrans (1993)

Interconversion between metastable states of photochromic molecules can modulate the absorption and refractive index of doped polymer media. We describe the diffraction efficiency, sensitivity, and response times of holograms written with 633-nm light and erased with incoherent ultra-violet light using the commercially available benzospiropyran 1′,3′-dihydro-1′,3′,3′-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-(2H)-indole] in various polymer hosts.