gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imbalance issues in heterogeneous DO networks (2010)

This paper studies the effects of heterogeneity in DO networks and proposes measures for reducing or removing them. In particular, two types of imbalance, i.e., f-Imbalance and OH-Imbalance are identified and methods for compensating them, i.e., RL padding and AT overhead (OH) channel boost, are proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated through both, developing an analytic model and conducting comprehensive simulations. The main conclusion of the paper is that through a combination of methods such as partial RL padding of weaker cells and OH channel boost of AT's, it is possible to compensate for the potentially severe imbalance conditions that heterogeneity brings about to DO networks.
KALMAN SPEECH ENHANCEMENT BASED ON IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES (2000)

International audience
Hearing threshold levels and speech recognition in noise in 7-year-olds (2005)

International standards define normal hearing threshold levels (HTLs) and many studies describe speech recognition in noise (SRN) for adults. Less has been published on these characteristics for children. This study aims to establish ranges of HTLs and SRN for otologically normal 7-year-olds. Air conduction HTLs were measured in 189 7-year-olds within an audiometric booth. Speech recognition was measured adaptively for BKB sentences in noise presented binaurally through headphones, determining the speech-to-noise ratio (SNR) required to score 71% correct. The mean HTLs of otologically normal 7-year-olds were significantly lower (better) than those published for young adults at 1 and 2 kHz. Speech recognition in noise was unrelated to HTLs and was higher (worse) for 7-year-olds (SNR = -4 dB) than has been found for young otologically normal adults (SNR = -6 dB). It is concluded that although the HTLs of 7-year-old children are generally better than those of young adults, their speech recognition in noise is worse. This confirms that their ability to recognise speech in noise is not fully developed at this age.
InGaZnO Ferroelectric Thin-Film Transistor Using HfO₂/Al₂O₃/AlN Hybrid Gate Dielectric Stack With Ultra-Large Memory Window (2022)

In this letter, HfO2/Al2O3/AlN hybrid stack capacitor with ferroelectric switching is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors and InGaZnO4 (IGZO) channel thin-film transistors (TFTs) with the HfO2/Al2O3/AlN hybrid gate stack are demonstrated in this letter. With the hybrid gate stack, the TFT exhibits the clear counter-clockwise memory windows (MWs) of 6.5 V, 6.2 V and 28.7 V respectively measured at 368 K, RT, and 80 K under the sweep voltage of ±40 V. Moreover, the retention over <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{4}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> s and the endurance over <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{4}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cycles are demonstrated under the program (P)/erase (E) pulsed height of ±45 V. The results exhibit the applicable possibility of the HfO2/Al2O3/AlN stack for the high voltage memory device applications.
The Role of Secreted Phosphoprotein-24 in Osteoblast Differentiation and Matrix Mineralization (2007)

Secreted Phosphoprotein-24 (Spp24) was initially isolated and characterized as a component of bovine cortical bone matrix. Subsequent characterization has shown it is multiply phosphorylated and homologous to cystatin and TGF-β receptor type II. Spp24 is a minor component of the serum fetuin mineral complex that binds calcium-phosphate minerals and prevents their deposition. The TGF-β receptor homology domain binds BMP-2 weakly in vitro and enhances BMP-2’s osteogenic effects in vivo. The ability of Spp24 to affect BMP activity suggests an important role for Spp24 as a native, bioactive componentof bone that regulates bone development. Spp24 was highly up-regulated in rat cortical kidneys following a low calcium diet regime. Tissue distribution of both Spp24 protein and RNA showed that while Spp24 accumulates in bone, a majority is produced at distant sites, namely the liver and kidney. Additionally, Spp24 was present in more tissues than previously believed. Spp24 migrates to a number of different molecular weights, suggesting multiple, alternative posttranslational modifications may generate subtly different forms of the protein. Theexpression of Spp24 in the kidney may be regulated to counteract changes in serum mineral levels. Additionally, homology in the Spp24 sequence suggests that it, like other bone and dentine matrix proteins, may interact with mineral as an important influencer of mineral calcification. Utilizing microarray analysis of primary bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transduced with Spp24 and control viruses we examined changes elicited by the overexpression of Spp24. A change in overall morphology was observed for cellstransduced with the Spp24 similar to changes described in cells undergoing osteoblasticdifferentiation. Nodule formation was also seen in the Spp24 transduced cells. Microarray results showed key markers of osteoblast differentiation, CBFA1/RUNX2 and osterix(OSX), were not up-regulated although there were distinguishable changes in the gene expression profile of mesenchymal stem cells. The cells appeared to be blocked from differentiation into a number of mesenchymal lineages: adipocytes, myocytes andchondrocytes. The changes appeared to prime cells for signals that activate osteoblastdifferentiation by blocking other pathways and altering internal signaling response pathways to those signals. This document was created in Microsoft Word 2003.
Macrophage ABHD5 Suppresses NFκB-Dependent Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and Cancer Metastasis (2019)

Metabolic reprogramming in tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) is associated with cancer development, however, the role of macrophage triglyceride metabolism in cancer metastasis is unclear. Here, we showed that TAMs exhibited heterogeneous expression of abhydrolase domain containing 5 (ABHD5), an activator of triglyceride hydrolysis, with migratory TAMs expressing lower levels of ABHD5 compared with the nonmigratory TAMs. ABHD5 expression in macrophages inhibited cancer cell migration <i>in vitro</i> in xenograft models and in genetic cancer models. The effects of macrophage ABHD5 on cancer cell migration were dissociated from its metabolic function as neither triglycerides nor ABHD5-regulated metabolites from macrophages affected cancer cell migration. Instead, ABHD5 deficiency in migrating macrophages promoted NFκB p65-dependent production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). ABHD5 expression negatively correlated with MMP expression in TAMs and was associated with better survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Taken together, our findings show that macrophage ABHD5 suppresses NFκB-dependent MMP production and cancer metastasis and may serve as a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings highlight the mechanism by which reduced expression of the metabolic enzyme ABHD5 in macrophages promotes cancer metastasis.<b>Graphical Abstract:</b> http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/21/5513/F1.large.jpg.
Allergy and Immunity in Coccidial Infections. (1931)

Immunity to the several species of coccidia which occur in chickens has been thoroughly demonstrated by Tyzzer and by Henry. A similar host response has been shown to occur in rabbits (Bachman) and in cats and dogs (Andrews). The purpose of this paper is to report the development of a similar immunity in guinea pigs infected with Eimeria caviae, together with the appearance of degenerate forms of the parasite in partially immune animals, observations on the production of hypersensitivity to the protein of the infecting organism, and a cutaneous hypersensitivity to E. caviae in this host. The reinoculation of 35 previously infected guinea pigs has in all cases shown the presence of some immunity. In most cases the resistance has been sufficient to completely prevent the occurrence of clinical symptoms, which are invariably present in initial infections. While the mortality in guinea pigs upon infection with E. caviae for the first time has been found to be 40%, not one of the guinea pigs infected 2 or more times died from a typical coccidial infection. A rather constant indication of the effect of previous infection was the altered prepatent period in cases of the second infection. While this period has been found to be exceedingly constant in all of the initial infections, a variation from 2 to 4 days from the normal 111/2-day period in the appearance of oocysts was found in most cases. A more striking indication of the effect produced by the host upon the parasite as a result of the development of partial immunity is the occurrence of degenerate cysts. These occur only in the later stages of initial infections, whereas in instances of the second to the sixth infections thus far tested they occur in the early stages, either alone or associated with normal cysts.
A Waveform Diversity Method for Optimizing 3-D Power Depositions Generated by Ultrasound Phased Arrays (2009)

A waveform-diversity-based approach for 3-D tumor heating is compared to spot scanning for hyperthermia applications. The waveform diversity method determines the excitation signals applied to the phased array elements and produces a beam pattern that closely matches the desired power distribution. The optimization algorithm solves the covariance matrix of the excitation signals through semidefinite programming subject to a series of quadratic cost functions and constraints on the control points. A numerical example simulates a 1444-element spherical-section phased array that delivers heat to a 3-cm-diameter spherical tumor located 12 cm from the array aperture, and the results show that waveform diversity combined with mode scanning increases the heated volume within the tumor while simultaneously decreasing normal tissue heating. Whereas standard single focus and multiple focus methods are often associated with unwanted intervening tissue heating, the waveform diversity method combined with mode scanning shifts energy away from intervening tissues where hotspots otherwise accumulate to improve temperature localization in deep-seated tumors.
Tunable Fiber Laser Using a Broad-Band Fiber Mirror and a Tunable FBG as Laser-Cavity Ends (2008)

By using a broad-band fiber mirror (BFM) and a tunable fiber-Bragg-grating at either end of laser cavity, a wavelength tunable erbium-doped fiber laser is demonstrated. In a forward pump scheme using 100 mW pump power at 1480 nm, stable lasing output power of 21.14-mW measured at 1544.8 nm is obtained with a threshold pump power of 4.7 mW. A side-mode suppression ratio as high as 57.9 dB, wavelength tuning range up to 30 nm with step resolution of 0.2 nm and power variation less than plusmn1.0 dB are achieved. For a backward pump scheme, the BFM acts as a broad-band reflector both for the lasing signal and pump source. The high performance, cost-effective BFM based tunable fiber laser may play an important role in fiber optics communication and fiber sensing applications.
Forecasting future Humphrey Visual Fields using deep learning (2019)

Using unfiltered real-world datasets, deep learning networks show the ability to not only learn spatio-temporal HVF changes but also to generate predictions for future HVFs up to 5.5 years, given only a single HVF.
Throughput and Delay Analysis in Video Streaming Over Block-Fading Channels (2015)

We study video streaming over a slow-fading wireless channel. In a streaming application, video packets are required to be decoded and displayed in the order they are transmitted as the transmission goes on. This results in per-packet delay constraints, and the resulting channel can be modeled as a physically degraded fading broadcast channel with as many virtual users as the number of packets. In this paper, we study two important quality of user experience (QoE) metrics, namely throughput and interdecoding delay. We introduce several transmission schemes, and compare their throughput and maximum interdecoding delay performances. We also introduce a genie-aided scheme, which provides theoretical bounds on the achievable performance. We observe that adapting the transmission rate at the packet level, i.e., periodically dropping a subset of the packets, leads to a good tradeoff between the throughput and the maximum interdecoding delay. We also show that an approach based on initial buffering leads to an asymptotically vanishing packet loss rate at the expense of a relatively large initial delay. For this scheme, we derive a condition on the buffering time that leads to throughput maximization.
A design-oriented study of the nonlinear dynamics of digital bang-bang PLLs (2005)

The use of bang-bang phase-locked loops (BBPLLs) has become increasingly common in a lot of communications systems, in particular in the area of clock and data recovery. Although most of the BBPLLs implemented up to now use analog loop filters, the binary output of the phase detector naturally lends itself to a digital implementation. In this paper, the nonlinear dynamics of first- and second-order digital BBPLLs is analyzed from a design perspective. In particular, the effects of loop delays on the PLL performances are emphasized. Conditions for the existence of orbits (limit cycles) are derived, and the timing jitter performances are evaluated. Finally, useful expressions for the design and optimization of the PLL parameters for low jitter are given.
Existential neuroscience: a functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of neural responses to reminders of one’s mortality (2011)

A considerable body of evidence derived from terror management theory indicates that the awareness of mortality represents a potent psychological threat engendering various forms of psychological defense. However, extant research has yet to examine the neurological correlates of cognitions about one's inevitable death. The present study thus investigated in 17 male participants patterns of neural activation elicited by mortality threat. To induce mortality threat, participants answered questions arranged in trial blocks that referred to fear of death and dying. In the control condition participants answered questions about fear of dental pain. Neural responses to mortality threat were greater than to pain threat in right amygdala, left rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and right caudate nucleus. We discuss implications of these findings for stimulating further research into the neurological correlates of managing existential fear.
Interpersonal Ambivalence in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2012)

The study asserts high interpersonal ambivalence in OCD. Further research is required to pinpoint both the dynamic and causal links between opposing interpersonal styles. Normalization and social competence training may prove beneficial to resolve the apparent problems of patients with OCD regarding anger expression and social conflict management.
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Review of 76 Cases (2002)

The study presents the largest retrospective review of patients treated for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia by a single otolaryngologist. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach facilitated by the otolaryngologist for evaluation of concomitant complications and morbidity (arteriovenous malformations) from hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is demonstrated. An algorithm for controlling the epistaxis is presented.
Impact of Polytrauma and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome on Markers of Fibrinolysis: A Prospective Pilot Study (2020)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is associated with major morbidity and high mortality, is commonly developed by polytraumatized patients. Its pathogenesis is complex, and its development is difficult to anticipate, as candidate biomarkers for the prediction of ARDS were found not to be reliable for clinical use. In this prospective study, we assessed the serum antigen levels of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) of 28 survivors of blunt polytrauma (age ≥18 years; injury severity score ≥16) at admission and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 of hospitalization. Our results show that these patients presented high mean tPA and PAI-1 antigen levels at admission; despite their decline, these parameters remained elevated for 3 weeks. Over this period, the mean tPA antigen level was higher in polytrauma victims suffering from ARDS than in those without ARDS, whereas the mean PAI-1 level was higher in polytrauma victims sustaining pneumonia than in those without pneumonia. Moreover, in each individual developing ARDS, the polytrauma-related elevated tPA antigen level either continued to rise after admission or suffered a second increase up to the onset of ARDS, declining immediately thereafter. Therefore, our findings support the assessment of serum tPA antigen levels after the initial treatment of polytraumatized patients, as this parameter shows potential as a biomarker for the development of ARDS and for the consequent identification of high-risk individuals.
Identification and replication of RNA-Seq gene network modules associated with depression severity (2018)

Genomic variation underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) likely involves the interaction and regulation of multiple genes in a network. Data-driven co-expression network module inference has the potential to account for variation within regulatory networks, reduce the dimensionality of RNA-Seq data, and detect significant gene-expression modules associated with depression severity. We performed an RNA-Seq gene co-expression network analysis of mRNA data obtained from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of unmedicated MDD (n = 78) and healthy control (n = 79) subjects. Across the combined MDD and HC groups, we assigned genes into modules using hierarchical clustering with a dynamic tree cut method and projected the expression data onto a lower-dimensional module space by computing the single-sample gene set enrichment score of each module. We tested the single-sample scores of each module for association with levels of depression severity measured by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Scale (MADRS). Independent of MDD status, we identified 23 gene modules from the co-expression network. Two modules were significantly associated with the MADRS score after multiple comparison adjustment (adjusted p = 0.009, 0.028 at 0.05 FDR threshold), and one of these modules replicated in a previous RNA-Seq study of MDD (p = 0.03). The two MADRS-associated modules contain genes previously implicated in mood disorders and show enrichment of apoptosis and B cell receptor signaling. The genes in these modules show a correlation between network centrality and univariate association with depression, suggesting that intramodular hub genes are more likely to be related to MDD compared to other genes in a module.
Model-Driven Design of VoIP Services for E-Learning (2007)

Abstract. Project-centered learning increasingly demands for communication tools to enhance learners ’ virtual interaction. In the context of the COOPER EU project a model-based approach has been conceived to support and facilitate the introduction of a set of VoIP (Voice over IP) services within collaborative environments. This paper discusses the integration of two up-to-date technologies enabling Web application design and VoIP services, which have been adopted for the development of the COOPER collaborative environment.
International Analysis of LVAD Point-of-Care Versus Plasma INR: A Multicenter Study (2018)

International normalized ratio (INR) measurements manage risks of bleeding and clotting sequelae in the population with left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Studies suggest that point-of-care (POC) INR does not significantly differ from plasma INR (P-INR) values in other patient populations, although this has not been validated in a multicenter LVAD study. We sought to determine whether POC-INR and P-INR values differ significantly in the LVAD population and reviewed patients with permanent LVAD implantation at seven institutions internationally. Our cohort comprised of 279 paired POC-INR and P-INR checks in patients supported on average 630 ± 598 days postimplant with predominately HeartWare, HeartMate II, and HeartMate III devices. The population averaged 57.9 years of age, and there were 86.7% male. We found no statistically significant difference between POC-INR and P-INR values. International normalized ratio accuracy correlated weakly with the time between INR measurements (p < 0.001). When the time difference was less than 4 hours, the difference between INR pairs was significantly lower than measurements greater than 8 hours (p = 0.006). There was no statistically significant difference when comparing paired INR values and time after implant to INR check (p = 0.43), age (p = 0.12), known coagulopathy (p = 0.12), bleeding history (p = 0.22), or thrombosis history (p = 0.34). This is the first large multicenter international study comparing POC-INR and P-INR measurements in patients with LVAD and found no statistically significant difference between either methods, particularly when measured within less than 4 hours of each other.
RATAFIA: Ransomware Analysis using Time And Frequency Informed Autoencoders (2019)

Ransomware can produce direct and controllable economic loss making it one of the most prominent threats in cybersecurity. According to the latest statistics, more than half of the malwares reported in Q1 of 2017 are ransomwares, and there is a potential threat of novice cybercriminals accessing ransomware-as-a-service. The concept of public-key based data kidnapping and subsequent extortion was first introduced in 1996. Since then, variants of ransomware emerged with different cryptosystems and larger key sizes; however, the underlying techniques remained the same. There are several works in the literature which propose a generic framework to detect these ransomwares; though, most of them target ransomwares having specific classes of the encryption algorithm. In addition to it, most of these methods either require Operating System (OS) kernel modification or have high detection latency. In this work, we present a generalized two-step unsupervised detection framework: RATAFIA which uses a Deep Neural Network architecture and Fast Fourier Transformation to develop a highly accurate, fast and reliable solution to ransomware detection using minimal tracepoints. The proposed method does not require any OS kernel modification making it adaptable to most of the modern-day system. We also introduce a special detection module for successful identification of benign disk encryption processes having similar characteristics like malicious ransomware programs but having a different intention. We provide a comprehensive study to evaluate the performance of RATAFIA in the presence of standard benchmark programs, disk encryption and regular high computational processes in the light of software security.