gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Random nanostructures based on moth-eye antireflection for broadband and wide-angle transmission-enhanced (2021)

In this paper, a quartz surface with random nanostructures is prepared for broadband, large-angle transmissionenhancement. First, the optimal structural parameters are calculated according to the equivalent medium theory and the finite difference time domain method. And then, based on the optimized structural parameters, the quartz surface is prepared via annealing and inductively coupled plasma processes. The measured maximum transmittance of the quartz surface with random nanostructures is 99.3% in the 400-2000nm band, and the average transmittance reaches about 96% in the range of 0-45&deg; incident angle. The experimental results are good consistent with the simulated results. Overall, This study is of great significance to the development of optical windows, display elements and solar cells.
Value of Temporal Dynamics Information in Driving Scene Segmentation (2019)

Semantic scene segmentation has primarily been addressed by forming representations of single images both with supervised and unsupervised methods. The problem of semantic segmentation in dynamic scenes has begun to recently receive attention with video object segmentation approaches. What is not known is how much extra information the temporal dynamics of the visual scene carries that is complimentary to the information available in the individual frames of the video. There is evidence that the human visual system can effectively perceive the scene from temporal dynamics information of the scene's changing visual characteristics without relying on the visual characteristics of individual snapshots themselves. Our work takes steps to explore whether machine perception can exhibit similar properties by combining appearance-based representations and temporal dynamics representations in a joint-learning problem that reveals the contribution of each toward successful dynamic scene segmentation. Additionally, we provide the MIT Driving Scene Segmentation dataset, which is a large-scale full driving scene segmentation dataset, densely annotated for every pixel and every one of 5,000 video frames. This dataset is intended to help further the exploration of the value of temporal dynamics information for semantic segmentation in video.
Predictive Provisioning: Efficiently Anticipating Usage in Azure SQL Database (2017)

Over-booking cloud resources is an effective way to increase the cost efficiency of a cluster, and is being studied within Microsoft for the Azure SQL Database service. A key challenge is to strike the right balance between the potentially conflicting goals of optimizing for resource allocation efficiency and positive user experience. Understanding when cloud database customers use their database instances and when they are idle can allow one to successfully balance these two metrics. In our work, we formulate and evaluate production-feasible methods to develop idleness profiles for customer databases. Using one of the largest data center telemetry datasets, namely Azure SQL Database telemetry across multiple data centers, we show that our schemes are effective in predicting future patterns of database usage. Our methods are practical and improve the efficiency of clusters while managing customer expectations.
Bees as Pollinators of Entomophilous Crops (1974)

The article below was an opening address at the III International Symposium on Pollination held in Prague from 15th to 18th May 1974. It is published here by permission of the Symposium Committee and of the Editor of Apidologie, which will print the full proceedings as a special issue of the 1975 volume; copies will be available from the Bee Research Association.
Prediction of Postoperative Outcome After Hepatectomy With a New Bedside Test for Maximal Liver Function Capacity (2009)

Residual liver function is the major factor influencing the outcome of patients after hepatectomy and can be predicted preoperatively by a combination of LiMAx and CT volumetry.
A mobile coherent low-frequency acoustic range (1977)

A portable system for the measurement of certain underwater acoustic propagation phenomena is described. Acoustic sources and receivers of special design are used. A precision tracking system enables coherent signal reception in the presence of source-receiver motion. The major elements of the acoustic range are described and examples of data are presented.
<title>Detection Of Rotational And Scale Varying Objects With A Programmable Joint Transform Correlator</title> (1989)

The use of joint transform correlators for pattern recognition has the advantages such as low resolution requirement of the spatial light modulators and easy optical implementation. Based on a programmable JTC architecture, we propose two methods to detect objects under rotation or scale change. Rotation invariant pattern recognition can be achieved by writing the real-value circular harmonic expansion of an image function as reference. By using multiple images, each rotated by a certain angle or at different sizes as composite reference in a JTC, objects of different orientations or sizes can be detected.
Conductivity Dynamics in the Correlated Metallic State of V2O3 (2010)

We report on time resolved studies of V2O3 which undergoes a metal-insulator transition at ~150K. In metallic state, we observe coherent terahertz conductivity oscillations in hundred-picosecond time scale following optical excitation with 35-fs 800nm pulses.
Missing template estimation for user-assisted music transcription (2013)

For a user-assisted music transcription system in which the user is asked to label some notes for each instrument in the recording, we investigate ways to limit the amount of information the user has to provide. Different methods are proposed and experimentally compared that enable the estimation of template spectra at pitch positions that have not been annotated by the user, in order to derive a full set of instrument templates that can be used within a non-negative matrix factorisation framework. A set of error metrics is presented that enables the evaluation of the NMF gain matrix. The results show that purely data-driven methods outperform more refined instrument models when the user annotates notes at many different pitches for each instrument. When notes are labelled at a smaller number of different pitches, the highest accuracies are obtained using pre-stored instrument templates that are adapted to the instruments in the mixture.
Cloning and functional characterization of the human sodium‐dependent vitamin C transporters hSVCT1 and hSVCT2 (1999)

Two sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters, hSVCT1 and hSVCT2, were cloned from a human kidney cDNA library. hSVCT1 had a 1797 bp open reading frame encoding a 598 amino acid polypeptide. The 1953 bp open reading frame of hSVCT2 encoded a 650 amino acid polypeptide. Using a Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system, both transporters were functionally expressed. By Eadie-Hofstee transformation the apparent K(m) of hSVCT1 for ascorbate was 252.0 microM and of hSVCT2 for ascorbate was 21.3 microM. Both transporters were sodium-dependent and did not transport dehydroascorbic acid. Incubation of oocytes expressing either transporter with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) inhibited ascorbate transport activity. Availability of the human transporter clones may facilitate new strategies for determining vitamin C intake.
Catalyzed Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Lignin-Based Curing Agent for the Curing of High-Performance Epoxy Resin (2017)

In this study, lignin, an aromatic compound from the forestry industry, was used as a renewable material to synthesize a new aromatic amine curing agent for epoxy resin. Firstly, lignin was separated from black liquor and hydroxyl groups were converted to tosyl groups as leaving groups. Then, primary amination was conducted using an ammonia solution at high pressure and temperature, in the presence of a nano-alumina-based catalyst. The structure of the nanocatalyst was confirmed by FT-IR, ICP, SEM, and XPS analyses. According to the FT-IR spectra, a demethylation reaction, the substitution of hydroxyl groups with tosyl groups, and then an amination reaction were successfully performed on lignin, which was further confirmed by the <sup>13</sup>C NMR and CHNS analyses. The active hydrogen equivalent of aminated lignin was determined and three samples with 9.9 wt %, 12.9 wt %, and 15.9 wt % of aminated lignin, as curing agents, were prepared for curing the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The thermal characteristics of the curing process of these epoxy samples were determined by DSC and TGA analyses. Moreover, the mechanical performance of the cured epoxy systems, e.g., the tensile strength and Izod impact strength, were measured, showing that in the presence of 12.9 wt % aminated lignin, the mechanical properties of the aminated lignin-epoxy system exhibited the best performance, which was competitive, compared to the epoxy systems cured by commercial aromatic curing agents.
Liquid Metal Batteries: Past, Present, and Future (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTLiquid Metal Batteries: Past, Present, and FutureHojong Kim, Dane A. Boysen, Jocelyn M. Newhouse, Brian L. Spatocco, Brice Chung, Paul J. Burke, David J. Bradwell, Kai Jiang, Alina A. Tomaszowska, Kangli Wang, Weifeng Wei, Luis A. Ortiz, Salvador A. Barriga, Sophie M. Poizeau, and Donald R. Sadoway*View Author Information Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States*E-mail: [email protected]. Telephone: 617 253 3487. Fax: 617 253 5418.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 3, 2075–2099Publication Date (Web):November 27, 2012Publication History Received22 May 2012Published online27 November 2012Published inissue 13 March 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr300205khttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr300205kreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views18807Altmetric-Citations421LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Batteries,Electrochemical cells,Electrodes,Electrolytes,Liquid metals Get e-Alerts
Human heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) protects murine cells from injury during metabolic stress. (1993)

Expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) is stimulated during ischemia, but its proposed cytoprotective function during metabolic stress has remained conjectural. We introduced a human hsp70 gene into mouse 10T1/2 cells and assessed the susceptibility of these cells to injury in response to conditions that mimic ischemia. Transiently transfected cells, in the absence of stress, expressed human hsp70 to levels equal to or greater than those induced by heat shock, as assessed by RNAse protection, immunoblot, and immunohistochemical analyses. By comparison to cells transfected with a control plasmid, cells expressing the human hsp70 transgene were resistant to injury induced by glucose deprivation and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. These results provide direct evidence for a cytoprotective function of hsp70 during metabolic stress.
2-Antiplasmin Gene Deficiency in Mice Is Associated With Enhanced Fibrinolytic Potential Without Overt Bleeding (1999)

alpha2-antiplasmin (alpha2-AP) is the main physiologic plasmin inhibitor in mammalian plasma. Inactivation of the murine alpha2-AP gene was achieved by replacing, through homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, a 7-kb genomic sequence encoding the entire murine protein (exon 2 through part of exon 10, including the stop codon) with the neomycin resistance expression cassette. Germline transmission of the mutated allele was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Mendelian inheritance of the inactivated alpha2-AP allele was observed, and homozygous deficient (alpha2-AP-/-) mice displayed normal fertility, viability, and development. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction confirmed the absence of alpha2-AP mRNA in kidney and liver from alpha2-AP-/- mice, in contrast to wild-type (alpha2-AP+/+) mice. Immunologic and functional alpha2-AP levels were undetectable in plasma of alpha2-AP-/- mice, and were about half of wild-type in heterozygous littermates (alpha2-AP+/-). Other hemostasis parameters, including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, plasminogen, fibrinogen, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood cell counts were comparable for alpha2-AP+/+, alpha2-AP+/-, and alpha2-AP-/- mice. After amputation of tail or toe tips, bleeding stopped spontaneously in alpha2-AP+/+, as well as in alpha2-AP+/- and alpha2-AP-/- mice. Spontaneous lysis after 4 hours of intravenously injected 125I-fibrin-labeled plasma clots was significantly higher in alpha2-AP-/- than in alpha2-AP+/+ mice when injecting clots prepared from alpha2-AP+/+ plasma (78% +/- 5% v 46% +/- 9%; mean +/- SEM, n = 6 to 7; P =.02) or from alpha2-AP-/- plasma (81% +/- 5% v 46% +/- 5%; mean +/- SEM, n = 5; P =.008). Four to 8 hours after endotoxin injection, fibrin deposition in the kidneys was significantly reduced in alpha2-AP-/- mice, as compared with alpha2-AP+/+ mice (P </=.005). Thus, alpha2-AP-/- mice develop and reproduce normally; they have an enhanced endogenous fibrinolytic capacity without overt bleeding.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of Poly(4-oxystyrenes) with Triphenylsulfonium Salts (1993)

The fluorescence spectroscopy of 4-oxystyrene polymers, the quenching of the fluorescence by triphenylsulfonium salts, and the photochemistry of the triphenylsulfonium salts in these polymers were studied. Three polymers were examined: poly(4-hydroxystyrene), poly(4-methoxystyrene), and poly[4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)oxy]styrene]; the latter polymer is employed as a photosensitive polymer for resist applications in the presence of sulfonium salts. All three polymers fluoresce in the 300-340-nm region. Triphenylsulfonium salts quench the fluorescence from the polymers both in solution and the solid state by dynamic and static quenching mechanisms respectively. Photolysis of the sulfonium salts in the polymer films gave lower than expected cage to escape ratios (C/E) for a viscous medium, which is attributed to a sensitization process by the polymer. However, in-cage products are observed, which also implies a direct photolysis mechanism. Thus it is proposed that the process for photoacid production in 4-oxystyrene polymers occurs by a dual photoinitiation pathway that involves both the excited state of the sulfonium salt and the excited state of the polymer film. Performance of the sulfonium salt-oxystyrene polymer was assessed by a low irradiation dose-high dose thickness change comparison at various sulfonium salt concentrations. This thickness test simulates photospeed but reduces errors introduced from the variation in dissolution characteristics caused by changing the sulfonium salt concentration. The thickness data follow the same trend as the percent excited state quenched by the static quenching mechanism with the exception that there is an additional direct photolysis component. The combined spectroscopic and photochemical studies also explain the dynamic range of photosensitivity of the resist that encompasses the UV absorption range of both the initiator and the polymer film.
Supplementary Methods from Bevacizumab-Induced Inhibition of Angiogenesis Promotes a More Homogeneous Intratumoral Distribution of Paclitaxel, Improving the Antitumor Response (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Materialds and Methods details concerning MALDI MSI, Immunihistochemistry and DCE-MRI&lt;/p&gt;
Processing, Secretion, and Biological Properties of a Novel Growth Factor of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Family with Oncogenic Potential (1988)

We recently reported that the protein encoded in a novel human oncogene isolated from Kaposi sarcoma DNA was a growth factor with significant homology to basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). To study the properties of this growth factor (referred to as K-FGF) and the mechanism by which the K-fgf oncogene transforms cells, we have studied the production and processing of K-FGF in COS-1 cells transfected with a plasmid encoding the K-fgf cDNA. The results show that, unlike basic and acidic FGFs, the K-FGF protein is cleaved after a signal peptide, glycosylated, and efficiently secreted as a mature protein of 176 or 175 amino acids. Inhibition of glycosylation impaired secretion, and the stability of the secreted K-FGF was greatly enhanced by the presence of heparin in the cultured medium. We have used the conditioned medium from transfected COS-1 cells to test K-FGF biological activity. Similar to basic FGF, the K-FGF protein was mitogenic for fibroblasts and endothelial cells and induced the growth of NIH 3T3 mouse cells in serum-free medium. Accordingly, K-fgf-transformed NIH 3T3 cells grew in serum-free medium, consistent with an autocrine mechanism of growth. We have also expressed the protein encoded in the K-fgf protooncogene in COS-1 cells, and it was indistinguishable in its molecular weight, glycosylation, secretion, and biological activity from K-FGF. Taken together, these results suggest that the mechanism of activation of this oncogene is due to overexpression rather than to mutations in the coding sequences.
On Electrical Effects due to Sound Waves in Colloidal Suspensions (1952)

An expression is given for the potential differences set up in colloidal suspensions of solid particles by the passage of sound waves which is correct to the first power of the zeta potential of the particles. The question was examined in detail by Enderby in 1951. For a certain range of values of relevant parameters it was found necessary to introduce the simplification that the mobilities of the various ionic species in the electrolyte surrounding the colloidal particles were identical. In the present paper it is shown how the potential may be calculated quite generally without this restriction by the use of vector methods
Intrinsic carrier concentration and minority-carrier mobility of silicon from 77 to 300 K (1993)

A considerable improvement in the accuracy of the measurement of the intrinsic carrier concentration in silicon near room temperature has recently been reported. This was achieved by the accurate analysis of minority-carrier current flow in specially fabricated p-n junction devices. In this paper this technique has been extended to measurements down to 77 K. A further improvement of the technique has been the simultaneous measurement of the minority-carrier electron mobility utilizing open-circuit voltage decay measurements.
A digitizer based on reflections in delay lines (1991)

A new type of digitizer is proposed, based on the generation of an acoustic pulse reflection in a magnetostrictive delay line (MDL), at a point where a force is applied. A conductor wire C crosses an array of MDL positioned at a distance close to their end and carries a pulsed current. The measuring portion of the delay lines is under a flexible mat, so that they are not pressed at any point if no force is applied. The initial acoustic pulse in the line is detected by short coils between C and the end of each line. If a force is applied on the flexible mat above a delay line, the position and the amplitude of the applied force are respectively defined by the delay and the amplitude of the reflected pulse, with respect to the initial one. Experimental results are given for the function of the peak value of the reflected signal with respect to the applied input force under various values of pulsed current and dc bias field, for a 1-mm-wide and 150-cm-long Metglas 2605SC delay line. The resolution of this type of digitizer along the length of the delay line can be 0.1 mm, while in the other dimension it depends on the pitch of the flexible array channels (i.e., on the width of the delay lines) and can be improved by using two arrays of delay lines, orthogonal to each other.
Dose end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement correlate with arterial carbon dioxide in extremely low birth weight infants in the first week of life? (2006)

There is good correlation and agreement between end-tidal CO(2) and arterial CO(2) in ELBW infants in the EtCO(2) range 30-50 mmHg. End-tidal CO(2) monitoring can be helpful in trending or for screening abnormal PaCO(2) values in ELBW infants in first week of life.
ONE MECHANISM BEHIND LED PHOTOTHERAPY FOR WOUND HEALING AND SKIN REJUVENATION: KEY ROLE OF THE MAST CELL (2008)

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have attracted a lot of attention in light-only skin rejuvenation and wound healing with an 830 nm/633 nm combination, but the mechanisms by which LED therapy speeds up the healing process and increases collagen synthesis remain unclear. One hypothesis, ex-amined in the present study, concerns the interaction between 830 nm near infrared light and the degranulation of dermal mast cells. The left forearm of 8 healthy male subjects was irradiated with an 830 nm LED array (20 min, 57 J/cm2) with the right as the unirradiated control. Biopsies were taken before and two days after irradiation and routinely prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and compared between baseline, irradiated and unirradiated tissue. The TEM in all postirradiated specimens, while clearly showing no damage to the irradiated tissue with all tissue components essentially morphologically normal, demonstrated a mild inflammatory response 48 hr after 830 nm irradiation with interstitial and perivascular oedema. A number of macrophages and leukocytes had been recruited into the irradiated tissue, and mast cells had increased in number and had either degranulated or were in the process of doing so. The unirradiated control tissue showed no such changes. The TEM findings in the present study showed a clearly-visible inflammatory response similar to the first phase of wound healing, a ‘quasi-wound’, but created athermally and atraumatically following a single treatment with 830 nm light, thereby kick-starting the inflammatory stage of the wound healing process which is recognized as absolutely necessary in achieving good subsequent collagen synthesis in the second phase of proliferation, followed by good remodeling in the third phase. Good results in skin rejuvenation, both ablative and non-ablative, have been well-linked to establishing the wound healing process. The 830 nm-mediated ‘quasi-wound’ may well be an essential element in light-only LED photorejuvenation.Furthermore, the action of 830 nm on the inflammatory cells in actual wounds will significantly accelerate the wound healing process, controlling and peaking inflammation, and allowing proliferation to occur sooner and more efficiently.
Frameless Stereotactic Brain Biopsies: Comparison of Minimally Invasive Robot-Guided and Manual Arm-Based Technique (2020)

According to our data, the proposed technique of minimally invasive robot-guided brain biopsies can improve accuracy without increasing operating time while being equally safe and effective compared to a standard frameless arm-based manual biopsy technique.