gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An evaluation method for insect sensorimotor models using an insect-size mobile robot (2002)

In this paper an evaluation method by using an insect-size mobile robot for insect sensorimotor models is proposed. The method can be advantageous especially when dealing with environments and sensors, which are difficult to express mathematically. Biological observations are used to build an olfactory sensorimotor model and the model is evaluated using the presented evaluation method. It is confirmed that this evaluation method is effective for investigations of sensorimotor systems.
Management of low-grade glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2018)

Results from this review, the first to quantify differences in outcome associated with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy in patients with low-grade gliomas, can be used to inform evidence-based management and future clinical trials.
EVALUATION OF THE TEA TREE OIL ACTIVITY TO ANAEROBIC BACTERIA--IN VITRO STUDY. (2016)

The study of the sensitivity to tea tree oil (Australian Company TTD International Pty. Ltd. Sydney) was carried out on 193 strains of anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with various infections within the oral cavity and respiratory tracts. The susceptibility (MIC) of anaerobes was determined by means of plate dilution technique in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. Inoculum contained 10(5) CFU per spot was cultured with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar with various tea tree oil concentrations or without oil (anaerobes growth control). Incubation the plates was performed in anaerobic jars under anaerobic conditions at 37 degrees C for 48 h. MIC was defined as the lowest concentrations of the essential oil completely inhibiting growth of anaerobic bacteria. Test results indicate, that among Gram-negative bacteria the most sensitive to essential oil were strains of Veillonella and Porphyromonas species. Essential oil in low concentrations (MIC in the range of = 0.12 - 0.5 mg/mL) inhibited growth of accordingly 80% and 68% strains. The least sensitive were strains of the genus Tannerella, Parabacteroides and Dialister (MIC 1.0 - 2.0 mg/mL). In the case of Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria the tea tree oil was the most active to strains of cocci of the genus Anaerococcus and Ruminococcus (MIC in range = 0.12 - 0.5 mg/mL) or strains of rods of the genus Eubacterium and Eggerthella (MIC = 0.25 mg/mL). Among Gram-positive rods the least sensitive were the strains of the genus Bifidobacterium ( MIC = 2.0 mg/mL). The tea tree oil was more active to Gram-positive than to Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria.
Quantitative Analysis of Benign and Malignant Tumors in Histopathology: Predicting Prostate Cancer Grading Using SVM (2019)

An adenocarcinoma is a type of malignant cancerous tissue that forms from a glandular structure in epithelial tissue. Analyzed stained microscopic biopsy images were used to perform image manipulation and extract significant features for support vector machine (SVM) classification, to predict the Gleason grading of prostate cancer (PCa) based on the morphological features of the cell nucleus and lumen. Histopathology biopsy tissue images were used and categorized into four Gleason grade groups, namely Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, and benign. The first three grades are considered malignant. K-means and watershed algorithms were used for color-based segmentation and separation of overlapping cell nuclei, respectively. In total, 400 images, divided equally among the four groups, were collected for SVM classification. To classify the proposed morphological features, SVM classification based on binary learning was performed using linear and Gaussian classifiers. The prediction model yielded an accuracy of 88.7% for malignant vs. benign, 85.0% for Grade 3 vs. Grade 4, 5, and 92.5% for Grade 4 vs. Grade 5. The SVM, based on biopsy-derived image features, consistently and accurately classified the Gleason grading of prostate cancer. All results are comparatively better than those reported in the literature.
Case-Based Reasoning System for Modeling Infrastructure Deterioration (2002)

Deterioration models are essential components of infrastructure management systems (IMSs) because they predict the future condition of infrastructure facilities and consequently assist in optimizing maintenance decisions. Case-based reasoning (CBR) is proposed to generate deterioration models that benefit from the large amount of facility data stored in IMS databases and updated on a regular basis. CBRMID (CBR for modeling infrastructure deterioration) is a new CBR system developed to satisfy the special requirements of modeling infrastructure deterioration and to provide government agencies with practical, accurate, and versatile deterioration models. CBRMID is required to support (1) hierarchial decomposition of infrastructure facilities; (2) representation of facility component interactions; (3) versatility and extensibility of case and knowledge representation; (4) data reusing and sharing; (5) representation of time-dependent data; and (6) fuzziness of retrieval knowledge. In this paper, the architecture of CBRMID is described in terms of case representation, case retrieval, case adaptation, and case accumulation. An application example generated using CBRMID is also presented.
Brassicaceae phylogeny and trichome evolution (2006)

To estimate the evolutionary history of the mustard family (Brassicaceae or Cruciferae), we sampled 113 species, representing 101 of the roughly 350 genera and 17 of the 19 tribes of the family, for the chloroplast gene ndhF. The included accessions increase the number of genera sampled over previous phylogenetic studies by four-fold. Using parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian methods, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the gene and used the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test (S-H test) to compare the phylogenetic results with the most recent tribal classification for the family. The resultant phylogeny allowed a critical assessment of variations in fruit morphology and seed anatomy, upon which the current classification is based. We also used the S-H test to examine the utility of trichome branching patterns for describing monophyletic groups in the ndhF phylogeny. Our phylogenetic results indicate that 97 of 114 ingroup accessions fall into one of 21 strongly supported clades. Some of these clades can themselves be grouped into strongly to moderately supported monophyletic groups. One of these lineages is a novel grouping overlooked in previous phylogenetic studies. Results comparing 30 different scenarios of evolution by the S-H test indicate that five of 12 tribes represented by two or more genera in the study are clearly polyphyletic, although a few tribes are not sampled well enough to establish para- or polyphyly. In addition, branched trichomes likely evolved independently several times in the Brassicaceae, although malpighiaceous and stellate trichomes may each have a single origin.
Synthesis and evolution of crystalline garnet phases in Y3Al5-xInxO12 (2007)

In the present work the sinterability and microstructal evolution of mixed-metal Y3Al5-xInxO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) (YAING) garnet powders synthesized by an aqueous sol-gel process were investigated. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray powder analysis (XRD). It was demonstrated that the formation of Y3Al5-xInxO12 garnets proceeds only within narrow substitutional range. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology and microstructure of the ceramic samples.
Experimental and Kinetic Studies of Aromatic Hydrogenation, Hydrodesulfurization, and Hydrodenitrogenation of Light Gas Oils Derived from Athabasca Bitumen (2005)

In this work, a systematic experimental and kinetic study of hydroprocessing of light gas oils (LGOs) such as vacuum LGO (VLGO), atmospheric LGO (ALGO), and hydrotreated LGO (HLGO) using NiW/Al2O3 and commercial NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts has been conducted. Experiments were performed by varying temperature from 340 to 390 °C, at a constant pressure and liquid hourly space velocity of 11.0 MPa and 0.6 h-1, respectively. H2/feed ratio was maintained at 550 mL/mL throughout the experiments. Appreciable hydrogenation of aromatics (AHYD) was achieved by the NiW/Al2O3 catalyst at low temperatures and at high severities of hydrotreating. However, the hydrogenation activity of NiMo/Al2O3 was superior to that of the NiW/Al2O3 catalyst. For hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) activities, higher conversions of 95−98.8 and 96−99 wt %, respectively, were attained for the commercial NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst throughout the temperature range studied. Simulated distillation of the feed showed that VLGO contained the most complex and heaviest compounds followed by HLGO and ALGO. Diesel selectivity in both ALGO and HLGO increased with hydrotreating temperature, but in the case of VLGO, it decreased with temperature. Kinetics studies showed that dearomatization of the HLGO feed was the most difficult, followed by ALGO and then the VLGO. Kinetics of ALGO and VLGO were best described by a pseudo-first-order reaction mechanism while the 1.3 power law kinetics worked well with HLGO.
<title>High-speed laser Doppler imaging of blood flow in biological tissue</title> (2006)

Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) is a non-invasive optical technique used for assessing the blood flow in biological tissue. This technique allows visualizing 2D distribution of blood flow over an extended area of tissue, e.g. human skin. We have developed a new high-speed instrument for full-field blood flow laser Doppler imaging. The new imager delivers high-resolution flow images every 0.7 to 11 seconds, depending on the number of points in the acquired time-domain signal (32-512 points) and the image resolution (256×256 or 512×512 pixels). This new imaging modality utilizes a digital integrating CMOS image sensor to detect Doppler signals in a plurality of points over the area illuminated by a divergent laser beam of a uniform intensity profile. The integrating property of the detector improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurements, which results in high-quality flow images. We made a series of measurements <i>in vitro </i>to test the performance of the system in terms of bandwidth, SNR, etc. Subsequently we give some examples of flow-related images measured on human skin, thus demonstrating the performance of the imager <i>in vivo</i>. The perspectives for future implementations of the imager for clinical and physiological applications will be discussed.
Tumor motion prediction with the diaphragm as a surrogate: a feasibility study (2010)

We have previously assessed the use of the diaphragm as a surrogate for predicting real-time tumor position with linear models built with training data extracted from the same treatment fraction (Cerviño et al 2009 Phys. Med. Biol. 54 3529-41). However, practical use in the clinical setting requires the capability of predicting tumor position throughout the treatment course using a model built at the beginning of the course. We evaluate the inter-fraction applicability of linear models to predict superior-inferior tumor position based on diaphragm position using 21 fluoroscopic sequences from five lung cancer patients. Tumor position is predicted with models built during the first fluoroscopic sequence of each patient. Other fluoroscopic sets are registered to the first set with five different methods. The mean localization prediction error and maximum error at a 95% confidence level averaged over all patients are found to be 1.2 mm and 2.9 mm, respectively, for bony registration and 1.2 mm and 2.8 mm, respectively, for registration based on the mean position of the tumor in the first two breathing cycles. Other registration methods produce larger prediction errors. In the clinical setting, this prediction error could be added as a margin to the target volume. We therefore conclude that it is feasible to predict lung tumor motion with diaphragm with sufficient accuracy in the clinical setting.
Approach to universality in axisymmetric bubble pinch-off (2009)

The pinch-off of an axisymmetric air bubble surrounded by an inviscid fluid is compared in four physical realizations: (i) cavity collapse in the wake of an impacting disk, (ii) gas bubbles injected through a small orifice, (iii) bubble rupture in a straining flow, and (iv) a bubble with an initially necked shape. Our boundary-integral simulations suggest that all systems eventually follow the universal behavior characterized by slowly varying exponents predicted by J. Eggers [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 094502 (2007)]. However, the time scale for the onset of this final regime is found to vary by orders of magnitude depending on the system in question. While for the impacting disk it is well in the millisecond range, for the gas injection needle universal behavior sets in only a few microseconds before pinch-off. These findings reconcile the different views expressed in recent literature about the universal nature of bubble pinch-off.
3D fluorescence microscopy with multi-shot coded aperture measurements (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Coded aperture imaging for 3D reconstructions have been applied in both photography and microscopy to successfully recover depth information from images captured with a patterned pupil plane. Generally, single-shot coded aperture microscopy methods require the 3D sample to be extremely sparse and with no overlapping features. Here, we extend coded aperture microscopy methods to multi-shot 3D fluorescent imaging with wave-optical forward models, enabling thicker and denser 3D samples to be faithfully reconstructed with efficient data capture via compressed sensing and advanced inverse algorithms.. We demonstrate successful reconstruction of a 500um thick brine shrimp sample. We further study the minimum required number of codes to capture full fluorescent information under wide-field illumination The experiments are carried out with a 4f system and a spatial light modulator in the Fourier (aperture) domain to display the codes.
Unconditional security for the smart power grids and star networks (2015)

We introduce a protocol with a reconfigurable switch circuit system to create non-overlapping single loops in the smart power grid for the realization of the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-(like)-Noise secure key distribution system. The protocol is valid for star networks which are in some of the electric distribution networks between the utility and the customer. The star network can also be utilized to control traffic networks. The speed of the protocol (the number of steps needed) versus grid size and the functional characteristics of the star network are explored. When properly generalized, such a system has the potential to achieve unconditionally secure key distribution over the smart power grid and traffic networks of arbitrary geometrical dimensions.
Paclitaxel Compatibility with the IV Express Filter Unit. (1998)

The purpose of this project was to evaluate the compatibility of paclitaxel infusions with the IV Expres filter unit, a 0.22-micrometer intravenous solution filter (Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA). The potential for extraction of diethylhexyl phthalate platicizer from the filter unit by the Cremaophor EL surfactant present in the paclitaxel injection and the potential for loss of paclitaxel to filter unit components due to sorption were evaluated. Plasticizer extraction was tested using the paclitaxel diluent at a concentration equivalent to 1.2 mg/mL over a three-hour simulated infusion. Paclitaxel delivery was evaluated in admixtures containing paclitaxel 0.3 mg/mL. All samples were prepared in triplicate in polyolefin bags of 5% dextrose injections and delivered through IV Express filter units attached to nonpolyvinyl chloride administration sets designed for the adminstration of paclitaxel infusions. The samples were collected in glass collection flasks. Both plasticizer and paclitaxel content were determined using specific high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. None of the admixtures delivered over three hours through the IV Express filter unit exhibited any detectable plasticizer. Further, no loss of paclitaxel due to soption to any filter commponent occurred; the full amount of paclitaxel was deliverd in the simulated ifusions. The IV Express filter unit tested in this study is suitable for the administration of paclitaxel infusions over three hours.
An ounce of (pre-bill) prevention is worth a pound of (claims) cure. (2006)

Optimal revenue cycle health depends in part on effective eligibility and coverage verification, chargemaster maintenance, charge capture and documentation, and clinical soft coding. With appropriate technology, knowledgeable staff, and efficient processes, hospitals can "diagnose" their revenue cycle health.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSPECIFIC REDUCTION OF 1,3,3‐TRISUBSTITUTED SUCCINIMIDES BY DIBORANE (1977)

Abstract 1,3,3‐Trisubstituierte Succinimide wie (I) und (IV) lassen sich regiospezifisch an der weniger gehinderten Carbonylgruppe reduzieren [→(II) bzw. (V)]; ein Teil wird bis zur Iminstufe reduziert [→(III) bzw. (VI)].
Characterization of Copper Atoms in Bilirubin Oxidase by Spectroscopic Analyses (1989)

Bilirubin oxidase [EC 1.3.3.5], purified from the culture medium of Myrothecium verrucaria, was found to contain two blue copper atoms per protein molecule with a molecular weight of ca. 52 kDa. The two copper atoms were estimated to be in the all cupric state by the cuproine colorimetric method and also atomic absorption analysis. We could remove the reduce cuprous ions from the holo enzyme by adding ascorbate, followed by a KCN solution, yielding an apo-enzyme with no activity. The apo-enzyme can be reconstituted with Cu or other divalent cations such as Co, Fe, and Cd, with accompanying recovery of the enzyme activity. The activity recovery depended upon the species of cation employed; Cu being most effective, an almost 100% recovery, and Cd the least, only a 25% recovery. We could obtain information on the copper ions and their coordination structure by spectroscopic analyses of the apo- and reconstituted enzymes, obtaining such as absorption, CD, MCD, and XPS spectra. The bilirubin oxidase catalyzed-reaction was a second order reaction with respect to copper bound with protein. The donor set was of the CuSS*N2 (S = Cys, S* = Met, N = His) type, i.e., the same as in the case of blue copper proteins. On studying the Co-substituted enzyme, it was revealed that the copper site of the enzyme had a 4-coordinated structure.
An In Vitro Biomechanical Comparison of a Prototype Equine Metacarpal Dynamic Compression Plate Fixation with Double Dynamic Compression Plate Fixation of Osteotomized Equine Third Metacarpal Bones (2005)

Results of this in vitro study support the conclusion that the prototype EM-DCP fixation is biomechanically superior to the double broad DCP fixation for the stabilization of osteotomized equine MC3.
Assessing security of some group based cryptosystems (2003)

One of the possible generalizations of the discrete logarithm problem to arbitrary groups is the so-called conjugacy search problem (sometimes erroneously called just the conjugacy problem): given two elements a, b of a group G and the information that a^x=b for some x \in G, find at least one particular element x like that. Here a^x stands for xax^{-1}. The computational difficulty of this problem in some particular groups has been used in several group based cryptosystems. Recently, a few preprints have been in circulation that suggested various "neighbourhood search" type heuristic attacks on the conjugacy search problem. The goal of the present survey is to stress a (probably well known) fact that these heuristic attacks alone are not a threat to the security of a cryptosystem, and, more importantly, to suggest a more credible approach to assessing security of group based cryptosystems. Such an approach should be necessarily based on the concept of the average case complexity (or expected running time) of an algorithm. These arguments support the following conclusion: although it is generally feasible to base the security of a cryptosystem on the difficulty of the conjugacy search problem, the group G itself (the "platform") has to be chosen very carefully. In particular, experimental as well as theoretical evidence collected so far makes it appear likely that braid groups are not a good choice for the platform. We also reflect on possible replacements.
Performance analysis for GPRS with prioritized and non-prioritized mobility management procedures (2002)

GPRS is part of the evolution path towards 3G. This paper investigates the effect of user mobility on packet transmission in GPRS. A simulator was developed to study the end-to-end behaviour of data transmission between a mobile client and a fixed server via GPRS and Internet. Simulation results show interruption in data delivery when MS executes a routing area update procedure. A fair queuing algorithm is proposed to minimise update delay and packet loss. In addition, we give priority to all the mobility management-related packets to ensure that all MM-related packets are processed and reach the respective destinations with minimal delay. The obtained simulation results demonstrated that the proposed techniques give better routing area update performance than FIFO service.
The Research on Smart Home and Its Gateway Oriented to Broadcast and TV IoT (2014)

Considering the wide audiences and the cable TV advantages which broadcast and TV operators have,We suggest they seize the develop opportunity of IoT and integrate the present resources to launch the Smart Home service. The paper proposes the system architecture of Smart Home oriented to Broadcast and TV IoT at the beginning. Then basing on the introduction of the Smart Home service,we discuss the key technologies and the market status of the Smart Home Gateway which is the core equipment of Smart Home system. Finally,we point out the future direction of the Smart Home.
Cross-product functional coverage measurement with temporal properties-based assertions [logic verification] (2003)

Temporal specification languages provide an efficient way to express events comprised of complex temporal scenarios. Assertions based on these languages are used to detect violations of the specification and monitor coverage events. In this paper, we propose to extend temporal specification languages, and assertions based on these languages with auxiliary variables. We attach these variables to sub-expressions and assign them values when the sub-expressions are evaluated. The use of auxiliary variables enables the implementation of large cross-product coverage models, using a small number of assertions. This simplifies the definition and implementation of coverage models and helps reduce the simulation overhead caused by assertions, thus increasing the efficiency of simulation resources.
Immune Microenvironment and Genetics in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (2021)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options beyond surgery and cytotoxic chemotherapy. The success of immune checkpoint inhibition has been found to correlate with expression of immune-related genes such as <i>CD274</i> (PD-L1) in lung and other solid cancers. However, only a small subset of MPM patients respond to checkpoint inhibition, and this response has been varied and unpredictable across several clinical trials. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology have improved our understanding of the molecular features of MPM, also with respect to its genetic signature and how this impacts the immune microenvironment. This article will review current evidence surrounding the interplay between MPM genetics, including epigenetics and transcriptomics, and the immune response.