gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro Invasiveness of Human Breast Cancer Cells Is Promoted by Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein (1998)

Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/α&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-macroglobulin receptor (LRP) is a surface membrane endocytic receptor, one of whose many functions is the regulation of plasminogen activator-mediated cell migration. LRP is known to have a role in migration and invasion, but its direct involvement has been demonstrated only in non-tumour cells. We investigated six breast cancer cell lines and a normal mammary epithelial cell clone for surface and total cellular LRP expression, and confirmed that its presence corresponds to the ability to invade and migrate in vitro. We showed that LRP in the tumour cell lines is expressed at a wide range of levels: from ∼300 to ∼6,300 sites per cell. Four of the breast cancer cell lines expressed LRP at over 1,000 sites/cell and were markedly invasive in our assay, the remainder of the cell lines and the normal clone having far fewer LRP sites and lacking invasive ability. We further showed that the migratory and invasive abilities of a highly invasive breast cancer cell line are both inhibited by receptor-associated protein, a unique LRP ligand which normally has a solely intracellular distribution but which, when added to culture medium, can inhibit all other ligand interactions with this receptor.
Hepatocyte spheroids as a viable in vitro model for recapitulation of complex in vivo metabolism pathways of loratadine in humans (2019)

Accurate prediction of <i>in vivo</i> metabolic pathways in humans can be challenging because <i>in vitro</i> liver matrices may fail to produce certain <i>in vivo</i> metabolites.Rat and human spheroids, generated from cryopreserved hepatocytes in media that contained minimal amount of serum, maintained morphology, viability and cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities for at least a week without media exchange.With spheroid cultures, multiple Phase I and Phase II metabolites were observed in rat and human spheroid cultures that were incubated with loratadine (LOR) for multiple days. Consistent with <i>in vivo</i> observations, 3-hydroxydesloratadine, (3-OH-DL), along with its glucuronide, were observed in human spheroids, but not in rat spheroids. Interestingly, the putative intermediate metabolite leading to 3-OH-DL, DL-N-glucuronide, was observed in incubations with both rat and human spheroids. In conclusion, hepatocyte spheroid were capable of recapitulating the inter-species differences in metabolism between human and rat for LOR, therefore, it may represent a viable model for studying complex metabolic pathways.
Supervised Molecular Dynamics (SuMD) as a Helpful Tool To Depict GPCR–Ligand Recognition Pathway in a Nanosecond Time Scale (2014)

Supervised MD (SuMD) is a computational method that allows the exploration of ligand-receptor recognition pathway investigations in a nanosecond (ns) time scale. It consists of the incorporation of a tabu-like supervision algorithm on the ligand-receptor approaching distance into a classic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation technique. In addition to speeding up the acquisition of the ligand-receptor trajectory, this implementation facilitates the characterization of multiple binding events (such as meta-binding, allosteric, and orthosteric sites) by taking advantage of the all-atom MD simulations accuracy of a GPCR-ligand complex embedded into explicit lipid-water environment.
Consequences and Resolution of Transcription–Replication Conflicts (2021)

Transcription-replication conflicts occur when the two critical cellular machineries responsible for gene expression and genome duplication collide with each other on the same genomic location. Although both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have evolved multiple mechanisms to coordinate these processes on individual chromosomes, it is now clear that conflicts can arise due to aberrant transcription regulation and premature proliferation, leading to DNA replication stress and genomic instability. As both are considered hallmarks of aging and human diseases such as cancer, understanding the cellular consequences of conflicts is of paramount importance. In this article, we summarize our current knowledge on where and when collisions occur and how these encounters affect the genome and chromatin landscape of cells. Finally, we conclude with the different cellular pathways and multiple mechanisms that cells have put in place at conflict sites to ensure the resolution of conflicts and accurate genome duplication.
More Than 50 Subtypes of Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Paving the Path for Histology-Driven Treatments (2018)

Sarcomas are a diverse group of cancers with mesenchymal origin. Although sarcomas comprise less than 1% of cancers, there are more than 50 different subtypes that are quite different from one another in terms of both their biology and clinical behavior. Historically, the need for adequate patient numbers in clinical trials has pushed sarcoma researchers to lump these very different malignancies together and treat the patients using a "one-size-fits-all" approach. However, with improvements in our scientific understanding, we are finally ready for a histology-tailored therapeutic approach to these complex diseases. In this review, we discuss key advances in our understanding of the biology underlying selected sarcoma subtypes and how targeting these subtypes is relevant therapeutically with respect to both molecularly targeted agents as well as immunotherapy.
Effects of omalizumab in patients with food allergy (2010)

Omalizumab is a novel therapy approved for treating patients with moderate to severe persistent allergic asthma with a serum IgE ranging from 30 to 700 IU/mL. We examined the efficacy of omalizumab as a treatment for IgE-mediated food allergy. An Institutional Review Board-approved prospective pilot study was performed to assess the efficacy of omalizumab in 22 patients with persistent asthma and concomitant IgE-mediated food allergy. All patients showed skin test positivity to foods and experienced allergic food reactions based on history. Patients were interviewed on unintentional and/or unauthorized exposures to sensitized foods. Thirteen female and nine male patients (range, 4-66 years old; mean, 38 years) were evaluated in a private practice setting. Mean IgE level was 1120.74 IU/mL. Sensitized allergens included fish, shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, egg, soybean, and wheat. All 22 (100%) patients maintained significant improvement as shown by a decrease/lack of clinical symptoms on reexposure to sensitized foods. Clinical improvement by the sixth dosage of omalizumab (150-300 mg q. 2-4 weeks) was noted by history and physical examination. Eight patients noted a decrease in their food-induced atopic dermatitis, 13 patients noted a decrease in their food-induced asthma symptoms, 3 patients noted a decrease in their food-induced urticaria, 6 patients noted a decrease in their food-induced rhinosinusitis symptoms, and 9 patients showed efficacy for angioedema and/or anaphylaxis. While treating asthma patients with omalizumab, patients subjectively observed a reduction in their concomitant IgE-mediated food allergy symptoms.
[The role of endothelin in the physiology and pathophysiology of airways]. (2002)

Following its discovery in 1988 endothelin initially attracted attention in the cardiovascular field. It is only more recently that the involvement of this peptide, and its role in the physiology and pathophysiology of the airways, has been established. Endothelin receptors have been demonstrated in the majority of cells in the airways from the main bronchi to the alveoli, where endothelin exerts endocrine and paracrine effects on the fine regulation of bronchial muscular tone, the process of cell proliferation and repair, alveolar and bronchial secretion as well as microvascular permeability. The intra and extracellular pathways of the mechanisms of action of endothelin are currently under investigation. Furthermore, it has been shown in the last ten years that endothelin is also, in certain circumstances, a powerful inflammatory mediator. The implication of endothelin in pathological processes such as asthma, chronic airflow obstruction, bronchiectasis, some broncho-pulmonary cancers, ideopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and ARDS is currently suspected if not proven. This opens up the possibility of new therapies. The object of this revue is to summarise the current knowledge of the role played by endothelin in the physiology and pathophysiology of the airways and respiratory system.
Accelerating neuronal aging in in vitro model brain disorders: a focus on reactive oxygen species (2014)

In this review, we discuss insights gained through the use of stem cell preparations regarding the modeling of neurological diseases, the need for aging neurons derived from pluripotent stem cells to further advance the study of late-onset adult neurological diseases, and the extent to which mechanisms linked to the mismanagement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The context of these issues can be revealed using the three disease states of Parkinson's (PD), Alzheimer's (AD), and schizophrenia, as considerable insights have been gained into these conditions through the use of stem cells in terms of disease etiologies and the role of oxidative stress. The latter subject is a primary area of interest of our group. After discussing the molecular models of accelerated aging, we highlight the role of ROS for the three diseases explored here. Importantly, we do not seek to provide an extensive account of all genetic mutations for each of the three disorders discussed in this review, but we aim instead to provide a conceptual framework that could maximize the gains from merging the approaches of stem cell microsystems and the study of oxidative stress in disease in order to optimize therapeutics and determine new molecular targets against oxidative stress that spare stem cell proliferation and development.
Optimal Feature Selection for EMG-Based Finger Force Estimation Using LightGBM Model (2019)

Electromyogram (EMG) signal has been long used in human-robot interface in literature, especially in the area of rehabilitation. Recent rapid development in artificial intelligence (AI) has provided powerful machine learning tools to better explore the rich information embedded in EMG signals. For our specific application task in this work, i.e. estimate human finger force based on EMG signal, a LightGBM (Gradient Boosting Machine) model has been used. The main contribution of this study is the development of an objective and automatic optimal feature selection algorithm that can minimize the number of features used in the LightGBM model in order to simplify implementation complexity, reduce computation burden and maintain comparable estimation performance to the one with full features. The performance of the LightGBM model with selected optimal features is compared with 4 other popular machine learning models based on a dataset including 45 subjects in order to show the effectiveness of the developed feature selection method.
A PROPOSED GRADING SCALE FOR TRAUMATIC SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE IN NON-PENETRATING HEAD TRAUMA (1994)

Marciano, F. F. M.D., Ph.D.; Greene, K. A. M.D., Ph.D.; Johnson, B. A. M.D.; Jacobowitz, R. M.D.; Spetzler, R. F. M.D.; Harrington, T. R. M.D.; Marciano, F. F. M.O., Ph.D.; Peterson, Scott R. M.D. Author Information
Outbreak of aseptic meningitis among adults in southern Taiwan. (2003)

A total of 38 adult cases of aseptic meningitis were diagnosed based on clinical manifestations as well as examination of cerebrospinal fluid at Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital in 2001. The majority (31 cases, 82%) of cases occurred between June and August, and most (33 cases, 87%) of them aged from 18 to 35 years (median age, 25 years). The male-to-female ratio was 2.16:1. Common clinical presentations included headache, fever, nausea or vomiting, and symptoms of common cold. On initial cerebrospinal fluid examination, white cell counts were above 500 cells/mm3 in 7 (18%) cases, and neutrophils predominated in 10 (28%) of 36 cases. The cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration was below 100 mg/dL in 29 (77%) of 38 cases, and hypoglycorrhachia (cerebrospinal fluid/serum glucose ratio <0.5) was seen in 9 (24%) cases. Enterovirus as a definite etiology was confirmed by isolation from cerebrospinal fluid in 17 (45%) of 38 cases and was the presumptive etiology by isolation from the stool or throat swab in 2 (5%) cases. Of the 19 cases with positive viral isolation, echovirus serotype 30 accounted for the majority (15 cases, 79%), followed by echovirus serotype 6 (3 cases, 16%), with one (5%) case undetermined. The viral isolation rate from cerebrospinal fluid correlated to the day of cerebrospinal fluid sampling after disease onset (chi2 = 12.05, p = 0.007). All patients were discharged uneventfully without receiving antibiotic therapy.
4-Iodo-2-trimethylstannyl-1-butene (2001)

[99474-77-8] C7H15ISn (MW 344.83) InChI = 1S/C4H6I.3CH3.Sn/c1-2-3-4-5;;;;/h1,3-4H2;3*1H3; InChIKey = NZTDTKOAOINCML-UHFFFAOYSA-N (cyclopentane annulation;2, 3 intramolecular Stille coupling;4 bifunctional reagent5-7) Alternate Name: (3-iodo-1-methylenepropyl)trimethylstannane. Physical Data: bp 50–55 °C/0.1 mmHg.8 Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR.8 Preparative Methods: by addition of trimethylstannylcuprate to 1-butyn-4-ol9, 10 followed by a Mitsunobu reaction,11 or via the tosylate of 2-trimethylstannyl-1-buten-4-ol (NaI, DMF).8 Purification: by distillation.8 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: organostannanes should be considered as toxic compounds.12 This reagent should be handled in a well ventilated fume hood and gloves should be worn.
Beginning HTML, XHTML, CSS, and JavaScript (2009)

An indispensable introductory guide to creating web pages using the most up-to-date standards. This beginner guide shows you how to use XHTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create compelling Web sites. While learning these technologies, you will discover coding practices such as writing code that works on multiple browsers including mobile devices, how to use AJAX frameworks to add interactivity to your pages, and how to ensure your pages meet accessible requirements. Packed with real-world examples, the book not only teaches you how to write Web sites using XHTML, CSS and JavaScript, but it also tea
Advantages of Thermal Nitride and Nitroxide Gate Films in VLSI Process (1982)

Thin gate SiO/sub 2/ films thinner than 200 /spl Aring/ often deteriorate throughout developmentaf VLSI processes, including refractory metal or silicide gates and ion- or plasma-assisted processes. Thermal nitridation of such SiO/sub 2/ films improves the MOS characteristics by producing surface protective layers against impurity penetration and by producing good interfacial characteristics. This fact indicates that a thermally grown silicon nitride film on a silicon substrate is the most promising candidate for a very-thin gate insulator. Experimental data show significant benefits from the nitride film for future VLSI devices.
The Wasabi Personal Shopper: a case-based recommender system (1999)

The Wasabi Personal Shopper (WPS) is a domain-independent database browsing tool designed for on-line information access, particularly for electronic product catalogs. Typically, web-based catalogs rely either on text search or query formulation. WPS introduces an alternative form of access via preference-based navigation. WPS is based on a line of academic research called FindMe systems. These systems were built in a variety of different languages and used custom-built ad-hoc databases. WPS is written in C++, and designed to be a commercial-grade software product, compatible with any SQL-accessible catalog. The paper describes the WPS and discusses some of the development issues involved in re-engineering our AI research system as a general-purpose commercial application.
The effects of support-proprioceptive deprivation on visual-manual tracking and vestibular function (2013)

To determine the effects of support and proprioceptive afferentation on characteristics of the visual-manual tracking (VMT) we used a model of weightlessness - horizontal "dry" immersion. Altogether 30 subjects who stayed in immersion bath from 5 to 7 days were examined to evaluate the accuracy of VMT in tasks to pursue the jerky (saccadically) and smooth (linear, pendular and circular) movement of a point visual stimulus. Examinations were performed before, during and after immersion using electrooculography (to record eye movements) and a joystick (to record hand movements) with a biological visual feedback - one of the two visible stimuli on the screen matched the current angle of the joystick handle. Computerized visual stimulation programs were presented to subject using a virtual reality glasses. We analyzed time, amplitude and velocity characteristics of the visual and manual tracking (VT and MT), including efficiency ratio (eVT and eMT) and gain (gVT and gMT) as ratios of respectively amplitudes and velocities of eyes/hand movements to the stimulus movement. eVT was significantly decreased in comparison with baseline all the time while subject lied in the immersion bath and until R+4 day after immersion, eMT was significantly decreased only on I-1 and I-3 days in immersion. gVT significantly differed from baseline only on I-3 and I-6 days in immersion and R + 1 day after immersion. We found no significant changes in gMT. Evaluations of the vestibular function (VF) were performed before and after immersion using videooculography approach. We analyzed statical torsional otolith-cervical-ocular reflex (OCOR), dynamical vestibular-cervical-ocular reactions (VCOR), spontaneous eye movements (SpEM), the accuracy of perception of subjective visual vertical (SVV). After immersion 47% of subjects had significant decrease of OCOR with a simultaneous significant increase of VCOR on 37% of subjects as well as significant changes in accuracy of perception of SVV which correlated with changes in OCOR. We found correlation between characteristics of the VT and MT, between characteristics of the VF and VT and found no correlation between VF and MT. It was found that removal of the support and minimization of the proprioceptive afferentation has a greater impact upon accuracy of the VT then accuracy of the MT.
Data from Evaluation of current methods used to analyze the expression profiles of ATP-binding cassette transporters yields an improved drug-discovery database (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapy remains a major challenge in the treatment of cancer. Resistance exists against every effective anticancer drug and can develop by multiple mechanisms. These mechanisms can act individually or synergistically, leading to MDR, in which the cell becomes resistant to a variety of structurally and mechanistically unrelated drugs in addition to the drug initially administered. Although extensive work has been done to characterize MDR mechanisms &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, the translation of this knowledge to the clinic has not been successful. Therefore, identifying genes and mechanisms critical to the development of MDR &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and establishing a reliable method for analyzing highly homologous genes from small amounts of tissue is fundamental to achieving any significant enhancement in our understanding of MDR mechanisms and could lead to treatments designed to circumvent it. In this study, we use a previously established database that allows the identification of lead compounds in the early stages of drug discovery that are not ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter substrates. We believe this can serve as a model for appraising the accuracy and sensitivity of current methods used to analyze the expression profiles of ABC transporters. We found two platforms to be superior methods for the analysis of expression profiles of highly homologous gene superfamilies. This study also led to an improved database by revealing previously unidentified substrates for ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2, transporters that contribute to MDR. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(7):2057–66]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Three-Dimensional Core-Shell Superstructures: Mechanically Strong Aerogels (2007)

Nanocasting conformal polymer coatings on preformed three-dimensional assemblies of nanoparticles, macroscopically classified as aerogels, reinforces the interparticle necks and increases the strength of the bulk material dramatically. For example, specific compressive strengths are reported to be higher than those for mild steel and aluminum, while the ability to store energy may surpass that of armor grade ceramics. Specific chemistries have been developed for cross-linking skeletal nanoparticles with polyureas and polyurethanes, epoxies, and polystyrene, while the technology has been demonstrated with ~30 different nanoparticle networks in addition to silica.
In-service remote access and measurement methods for passive double star networks (1993)

A remote access and measurement system which uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) techniques is proposed for a passive double star network (PDSN). This system is used to demonstrate fault detection and location. In transmission experiments for the proposed system, in-service fault location does not affect the transmission characteristics at communication wavelengths. On the basis of these results, this system is suitable for characterizing branched fibers in a PDSN, and AURORA (automatic optical fiber operation support system) can access and measure branched fibers remotely by using this system.
Hydrogen Subcooling for Aerospace Vehicles (1963)

This paper discusses the ground handling system for hydrogen, subcooled to the liquid-solid state. The various phases of ground handling such as production, storage, transfer and servicing are explained. The problems to be experienced in each phase of the handling system are discussed. The present state-of-the-art, which is rather limited, is also reviewed.
Ab initio Physical Analysis of Single Dimensional Laser Machining of Silicon Nitride (2008)

The capability of pulsed Nd:YAG lasers to carry out the machining of Si3N4 was explored in this study. An ab initio integrated machining model was developed by taking into account the in-situ physical phenomena such as evaporation and decomposition of the ceramic and effect of their recoil pressure on the melt pool expulsion. The model based machined depth prediction for a given number of pulses was in close agreement with the actual measured depth of the machined cavity, thus rendering the model useful for advance machined depth predictions under a given set of processing conditions.
Oxidation studies on Andrographolide (2006)

Jones oxidation of Andrographolide (1), gave mixture of three products (3-dehydroandrographolide (5), 3,19-bis dehydroandrographolide (6) and 19-dehydroandrographolide (7). Tritylation of andrographolide at C19-OH resulted to products 8 and diene 9, which can be converted to its acetate 10 and oxidation product 11.
Comparison between Two Self-Efficacy Scales in Maintenance of Smoking Cessation (1988)

We compared the 1981 Self-efficacy scales of Diclemente and Condiotte and Lichtenstein for a sample of 29 Spanish smokers who participated in a stop-smoking program and throughout a 12-mo. follow-up. Analysis indicated the major predictive utility of the Confidence Questionnaire (self-efficacy) of Condiotte and Lichtenstein for rate of smoking and for smoking status.