gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Photoisomerization Characteristics of a 2,4,4‘-Substituted Azobenzene Tethered to the Side Chains of Polymethacrylamide (2006)

A side-chain methacrylamide copolymer, poly{(N-[3-(4-(4'-methoxyphenylazo)-2-nitrophenoxy)propyl]-N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide)-co-(N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide)} (PNA) functionalized with a 2,4,4'-substituted chromophore, 2-nitro-4'-methoxyazobenzene was prepared and characterized. The branched structure of the azo chromophore was specifically designed to prevent the aggregate formation by minimizing the ground-state aromatic stacking interactions between the azo molecules. This cationic polyelectrolyte, together with the oppositely charged ι-carrageenan (CAG) polysaccharide, was alternately dip-coated onto a fused silica substrate to produce a multilayered film by layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly. A UV/vis spectroscopic study of PNA, performed during both a heating−cooling (25−85 °C) and an E−Z−E photoisomerization cycle, revealed that the maximum absorbance wavelength of the chromophore did not shift in either DMSO/H2O (1:20) solution or the multilayer assembly comprising 10 PNA/CAG bilayers. This result indicates that the PNA chromophores do not undergo aggregation. Monitoring of the E/Z photoisomerization of the solution- and film-based PNA chromophores revealed that the intensity of the π−π* transition band of its E-isomer decreased during irradiation with UV light. Also, the Z/E reverse isomerization induced by visible light (λ > 460 nm) was observed with almost full recovery of the E isomer. The kinetics of the photoisomerization step was determined to be monoexponential, indicating that photoisomerization proceeds via a single pathway. Unlike in general cases, one distinguishable property of the film-based PNA chromophore is the E/Z switching speed under experimental conditions (360 nm, P = 2 mW/cm2), which is remarkably similar to that observed in solution.
Digital Integration to Realize the Limit (RTL) in the Giant Greater Burgan Reservoir (2022)

Abstract KOC-SEK asset has the main goal of maintaining, increasing, and optimizing the production of the Greater Burgan, the largest clastic reservoir in the World. Discovered in 1938, Greater Burgan is a multilayer formation with large hydrocarbon volumes of different oil type (from heavy to light) for which a detailed characterization and exploitation strategy was required to develop a sustained asset production. With the asset facing multiple challenges to maximize recovery and sustain target production field rate, one of these challenges has been to optimize the segregation of a large number of wells into 15 gathering centres. This is to ensure de-bottlenecking and to address back-pressure issues of the production networks while flowing wells in their optimal operational envelope to avoid the rapid depletion of the reservoir and the increasing water production. Due to the vast number of wells, the intricate network, the limitations in the gathering system and the dynamic operations, maintaining and sustaining the reservoir performance requires continuous surveillance, rapid and robust understanding of the different variables at reservoir, well and network level to make timely decisions and maximize reservoir recovery. To support this, a standardized and integrated system based on data analytics and numerical models, has been developed in the context of Realize the Limit (RTL) of the Greater Burgan reservoir as a tool for the quick identification of potential oil gain opportunities, the evaluation of bottlenecks across all the production system, and track and measure the impact of different proposed operational and development scenarios to unlock potential production and support optimum production forecasting. The system has been developed in a digital framework, with inputs from a multi-disciplinary team to define the datasets, calculated parameters and visualization requirements related to reservoir properties, well completion status, operational parameters, and key indicators from subsurface and surface hydraulic models. These has been integrated to identify key performance issues involving several aspects of the reservoir's development and operational plans. Also, the process provides a high-level overview and a platform for all asset groups including management, field development and operations, where observing the same set of results can initiate collective decisions that improve wells, network and facility management and enhancement recommendations.
Splitting and separation of colloidal streams in sinusoidal microchannels (2018)

The control of the distribution of colloidal particles in microfluidic flows plays an important role in biomedical and industrial applications. A particular challenge is to induce cross-streamline migration in laminar flows, enabling the separation of colloidal particles according to their size, shape or elasticity. Here we show that viscoelastic fluids can mediate cross-streamline migration of deformable spherical and cylindrical colloidal particles in sinusoidal microchannels at low Reynolds numbers. For colloidal streams focused into the center of the channel entrance this leads to a symmetric stream-splitting and separation into four substreams. The degree of stream splitting and separation can be controlled via the flow rates, viscoelasticity of the focusing fluid, and the spatial microchannel modulation with an upper limit when reaching the microchannel walls. We demonstrate that this effect can be used to separate flexible particles of different size and shape. This methodology of cross-stream migration has thus great potential for the passive separation of colloids and cells in microfluidic channels.
Simultaneous LASIK on both Stromal Surface and Flap Undersurface for High Myopia with Insufficient Corneal Bed (2004)

Purpose: To develop a newly modified technique, which is simultaneous laser in situ keratomileusis on both corneal flap undersurface (LASIK-Flap) and the corneal stromal surface, in eyes with insufficient corneal bed of high myopia and thin cornea. Methods: We performed simultaneous laser in situ keratomileusis on both corneal flap undersurface (LASIK-Flap) and the corneal stromal surface in 38 eyes of 22 patients with high myopia (ranged from SE -4.00D to -14.25D)and corneal thickness (ranged from 435 to 570 m) . In these eyes, all procedures of 130160 m thickness of the flap preparation with hinge were successfully made with a use of the Moria M2 microkeratome. The ablation on both the corneal surface and the flap undersurface using VISX star S4 with active track was performed with a plan of postoperative residual corneal stromal bed > 250m. We evaluated the changes of visual acuity, refractive error, pachymetry, corneal topography and mesotest for at least 6 months after surgery. Preservation of normal wet state on the flap in very important in procedures. Results: Mean SE was -9.322.75D and mean corneal thickness was 513.3736.96 m ranged from 435 m to 570 m before LASIK. Ablation depth of flap undersurface was 48.8726.67 m ranged from 6 m to 100 m, and post LASIK spherical equivalent was +0.020.62D (ranged +2.50-1.50D). No vision concerned complication was found. Follow-up was ranged from 1week to 6 months. Conclusions: LASIK-flap procedure has an advantage in eyes with insufficient corneal thickness in high myopia.
Research Project on CO2 Geological Storage and Groundwater Resources: Water Quality Effects Caused by CO2 Intrusion into Shallow Groundwater (2008)

One promising approach to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is injecting CO{sub 2} into suitable geologic formations, typically depleted oil/gas reservoirs or saline formations at depth larger than 800 m. Proper site selection and management of CO{sub 2} storage projects will ensure that the risks to human health and the environment are low. However, a risk remains that CO{sub 2} could migrate from a deep storage formation, e.g. via local high-permeability pathways such as permeable faults or degraded wells, and arrive in shallow groundwater resources. The ingress of CO{sub 2} is by itself not typically a concern to the water quality of an underground source of drinking water (USDW), but it will change the geochemical conditions in the aquifer and will cause secondary effects mainly induced by changes in pH, in particular the mobilization of hazardous inorganic constituents present in the aquifer minerals. Identification and assessment of these potential effects is necessary to analyze risks associated with geologic sequestration of CO{sub 2}. This report describes a systematic evaluation of the possible water quality changes in response to CO{sub 2} intrusion into aquifers currently used as sources of potable water in the United States. Our goal was to develop a general understanding of the potential vulnerability of United States potable groundwater resources in the event of CO{sub 2} leakage. This goal was achieved in two main tasks, the first to develop a comprehensive geochemical model representing typical conditions in many freshwater aquifers (Section 3), the second to conduct a systematic reactive-transport modeling study to quantify the effect of CO{sub 2} intrusion into shallow aquifers (Section 4). Via reactive-transport modeling, the amount of hazardous constituents potentially mobilized by the ingress of CO{sub 2} was determined, the fate and migration of these constituents in the groundwater was predicted, and the likelihood that drinking water standards might be exceeded was evaluated. A variety of scenarios and aquifer conditions was considered in a sensitivity evaluation. The scenarios and conditions simulated in Section 4, in particular those describing the geochemistry and mineralogy of potable aquifers, were selected based on the comprehensive geochemical model developed in Section 3.
Handling identity in peer-to-peer systems (2004)

Due to the limited number of available IP addresses most computers on the Internet use dynamic IP addresses which cause problems for applications that have to maintain routing tables, for example, peer-to-peer systems. To overcome this we propose unique peer identifiers in the routing tables and apply the peer-to-peer system itself to maintain consistent ID-to-IP mappings to be used in the routing process. While this may sound like a recursive hen-egg problem we show that it is in fact possible to devise such a mapping service for realistic scenarios. Our approach is completely decentralized, self-maintaining, and light-weight. It takes into account security to provide sufficient security guarantees for the mappings. We also assume that the service operates in an environment with low online probability of the peers constituting the service.
Effect of material structure on photoluminescence spectra from silicon nanocrystals (2004)

The thickness of a silicon dioxide layer is shown to have a significant effect on the measured photoluminescence spectrum from silicon nanocrystals embedded in the layer. This can range from significant but subtle spectral distortions that are difficult to detect, including changes in intensity, peak position and peak width, to gross distortions that are readily apparent as a modulation of the measured spectrum. These distortions are shown to be a simple consequence of the wavelength dependent reflectivity of the sample structure but to have important implications for determining nanocrystal properties from such data.
Serum nerve growth factor levels in autistic children in Turkish population: a preliminary study. (2013)

Our preliminary findings show that enhanced serum NGF concentration may be used as a potential diagnostic tool in autism, however, further studies including a large number of patients are required to confirm the findings.
Fluorescence Anisotropy as a Reliable Discrimination of Ligand-Asymmetric and Symmetric Mn-Doped ZnS Quantum Dots (2016)

We presented a novel fluorescence anisotropy (FA) method for the noninvasive, effective, simple, and convenient discrimination of the symmetric and asymmetric distribution of the ligands on Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The symmetric or asymmetric distribution of mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and NH<sub>2</sub>-polyethylene glycol-CH<sub>3</sub> (PEG-m, MW 2000) was controlled by the condensation reaction of the carboxyl of MPA and the amino of PEG-m with or without the masking by the amino-functionalized silica nanoparticles. The ligand-asymmetric Janus-QDs were obtained with the masking, whereas the ligand-symmetric PEG-QDs were gained without masking. The FA values of the QDs could not only distinguish the ligand symmetric PEG-QDs from the ligand asymmetric Janus-QDs but also discriminate the QDs with a different PEG-m amount. Besides, the FA assay also has superiority over the dynamic light scattering (DLS) and photoluminescence (PL) methods in discriminating the interaction of Janus-QDs or PEG-QDs with protamine (the sensitivity of Janus-QD-3 over PEG-QD-3 was 1.60, 1.24, and 1.11 in the FA, DLS, and PL methods, respectively).
Gain‐of‐Function Mutation in STIM1 (P.R304W) Is Associated with Stormorken Syndrome (2014)

Stormorken syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a phenotype that includes miosis, thrombocytopenia/thrombocytopathy with bleeding time diathesis, intellectual disability, mild hypocalcemia, muscle fatigue, asplenia, and ichthyosis. Using targeted sequencing and whole-exome sequencing, we identified the c.910C > T transition in a STIM1 allele (p.R304W) only in patients and not in their unaffected family members. STIM1 encodes stromal interaction molecule 1 protein (STIM1), which is a finely tuned endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) sensor. The effect of the mutation on the structure of STIM1 was investigated by molecular modeling, and its effect on function was explored by calcium imaging experiments. Results obtained from calcium imaging experiments using transfected cells together with fibroblasts from one patient are in agreement with impairment of calcium homeostasis. We show that the STIM1 p.R304W variant may affect the conformation of the inhibitory helix and unlock the inhibitory state of STIM1. The p.R304W mutation causes a gain of function effect associated with an increase in both resting Ca(2+) levels and store-operated calcium entry. Our study provides evidence that Stormorken syndrome may result from a single-gene defect, which is consistent with Mendelian-dominant inheritance.
Aeronautical applications of holographic interferometry. (1967)

The use of holography for the production of wind-tunnel interferograms of the Mach-SZehnder type is described with a discussion of the possibility of extending the process toward the interferometric study of three-dimensional flow fields. Two initial studies toward an understanding of the processes involved in three-dimensional interferometric reduction are described: (1) the hologram as a diffraction grating, and (2) intensity variation beyond both a hologram and a diffuse glass plate. Lastly, a complete prediction of a hologram of a simple, two dimensional, aperture is made. This prediction provides a tutorial device for the understanding of holography of the type used in holographic interferometry. (Author)
Modeling the pressure dependence of DC bias voltage in asymmetric, capacitive RF sheaths (1998)

A semianalytical model for capacitively coupled radio frequency (RF) sheaths of asymmetric (unequal electrode area) systems has been developed. It can be applied in the high-frequency (/spl omega/ > /spl omega//sub pi/) regime at different pressures. An analytical approximation to the pressure-dependent ion density profile is used. The time-varying electric field and potential within the sheath are obtained by solving Poisson's equation. The current balance and zero net DC current conditions are applied to solve for the RF sheath parameters and DC bias voltage. The DC voltage ratio between the powered and grounded electrode sheaths increases as the pressure decreases, which results in a larger DC bias voltage at lower pressures.
Electron and hole ionization coefficients in (100) oriented Ga0.18In0.82As0.39P0.61 (1984)

The impact ionization coefficients for electrons and holes in (100) oriented Ga0.18In0.82As0.39P0.61 whose band gap is 1.11 eV have been obtained from photomultiplication measurements on a Cd diffused p+n abrupt junction having a donor concentration of 2.5×1016 cm−3. The electron-to-hole ionization coefficient ratio has been found to be about 1.1 in the electric field range 4.0×105–5.0×105 V/cm.
Redirecting Reductant Flux into Hydrogen Production via Metabolic Engineering of Fermentative Carbon Metabolism in a Cyanobacterium (2010)

Some aquatic microbial oxygenic photoautotrophs (AMOPs) make hydrogen (H(2)), a carbon-neutral, renewable product derived from water, in low yields during autofermentation (anaerobic metabolism) of intracellular carbohydrates previously stored during aerobic photosynthesis. We have constructed a mutant (the ldhA mutant) of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 lacking the enzyme for the NADH-dependent reduction of pyruvate to D-lactate, the major fermentative reductant sink in this AMOP. Both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomic methods have shown that autofermentation by the ldhA mutant resulted in no D-lactate production and higher concentrations of excreted acetate, alanine, succinate, and hydrogen (up to 5-fold) compared to that by the wild type. The measured intracellular NAD(P)(H) concentrations demonstrated that the NAD(P)H/NAD(P)(+) ratio increased appreciably during autofermentation in the ldhA strain; we propose this to be the principal source of the observed increase in H(2) production via an NADH-dependent, bidirectional [NiFe] hydrogenase. Despite the elevated NAD(P)H/NAD(P)(+) ratio, no decrease was found in the rate of anaerobic conversion of stored carbohydrates. The measured energy conversion efficiency (ECE) from biomass (as glucose equivalents) converted to hydrogen in the ldhA mutant is 12%. Together with the unimpaired photoautotrophic growth of the ldhA mutant, these attributes reveal that metabolic engineering is an effective strategy to enhance H(2) production in AMOPs without compromising viability.
Correlation analysis of clinical parameters with epigenetic modifications in the DUX4 promoter in FSHD (2012)

The aim of our study was to identify relationships between epigenetic parameters correlating with a relaxed chromatin state of the DUX4 promoter region and clinical severity as measured by a clinical severity score or muscle pathologic changes in D4Z4 contraction-dependent (FSHD1) and -independent (FSHD2) facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy patients. Twenty primary fibroblast (5 control, 10 FSHD1 and 5 FSHD2) and 26 primary myoblast (9 control, 12 FSHD1 and 5 FSHD2) cultures originating from patients with FSHD and controls were analyzed. Histone modification levels were determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. We examined correlations between the chromatin compaction score (ChCS) defined by the H3K9me3:H3K4me2 ratio and an age corrected clinical severity score (CSS) or muscle pathology score (MPS). Possible relationships were investigated using linear regression analysis and significance was tested by Pearson's product-moment coefficient. We found a significant difference of the ChCS between controls and patients with FSHD1 and between controls and patients with FSHD2. Tissue specific differences in ChCS were also observed. We also found a near-significant relationship between ChCS and the age corrected CSS in fibroblasts but not in myoblasts. Surprisingly, we found a strong correlation between the MPS of the vastus lateralis and the CSS. Our results confirm the D4Z4 chromatin relaxation previously shown to be associated with FSHD in a small number of samples. A possible relationship between clinical and epigenetic parameters could be established in patient fibroblasts, but not in myoblasts. The strong correlation between the MPS of the vastus lateralis and the CSS suggests that this muscle can be used to study for surrogate markers of overall disease severity.
Breast cancer treatment patterns of Asian-American women in an equal access system (2006)

589 Background: Treatment patterns of breast cancer in Asian-American women have not been well studied. Existing studies suggest higher mastectomy rates compared to Whites, but have been unable to control for differences in access to healthcare. The objective was to describe primary and adjuvant treatment patterns of Asian women in an equal-access healthcare system. Methods: Data were extracted from the tumor registry to include women diagnosed with T1-T2, M0 breast cancer between 1989 and 2004 and treated at the Naval Medical Center San Diego, an equal-access system. Self-reported data was used to classify race. Military rank was used as a proxy for socioeconomic status and education level. Characteristics and treatment patterns of Asian and White women were compared by the two-sided Fisher’s exact test and multiple logistic regression with consideration of covariates. Results: 574 non-Hispanic White and 226 Asian-American women resulted from the query. Asian women received mastectomy more often than Whites. From 1989 to 2004, mastectomy rates declined for both groups at an equal rate until 1997. On secondary analysis based on the initial results, differences in mastectomy rates existed only until 1997, which was coincident with the opening of a multidisciplinary Breast Health Center. Asians were much less likely to receive breast reconstruction. There was no difference in rates of adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy, but a suggestion of higher hormone therapy rates in Asians. Conclusions: Even in the setting of an equal-access healthcare system, Asian-American women were more likely to receive mastectomy than Whites, suggesting that barriers to healthcare access do not explain these treatment disparities. This difference disappeared in recent years. The contrasting reconstruction rates suggest a difference in cultural attitudes regarding the significance of the breast in the setting of cancer treatment. The multidisciplinary Breast Health Center may have ameliorated factors leading to higher mastectomy rates in Asians. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Clinical outcome of patients with Ewing sarcoma family of tumors of bone in Japan (2007)

The clinical outcome of patients with localized ESFT of bone in Japan has improved markedly with the use of current chemotherapy regimens that include ifosfamide and etoposide and has become comparable to the outcomes observed in other major series of Euro-American patients. The prognostic factors are also almost identical.
Study on Extraction Technology of Total Flavonoids from Longwangmao Sugary Almond (Prunus armeniaca) (2009)

The objective of this study was to optimize extraction technology of total flavonoids with ethanol by heat reflux extraction method. Based on single-factor test, the optimal extraction conditions of total flavonoids were determined by orthogonal test as follows;ethanol concentration 95%, extraction temperature 65 ℃, solid to liquid ratio 1:25, and extraction time 2 h. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of total flavonoids was 10.60%.
Human testis specifically expresses a homologue of the rodent T lymphocytes RT6 mRNA (1996)

A human homologue of the rodent T cell mono ADP-ribosyl transferase RT6 mRNA was identified by a systematic analysis of human testis transcripts. This messenger encodes for a precursor protein of 367 aa (MW: 41.5 kDa) which exhibits a peptide signal, consensus domains for mono ADP-ribosyl transferase and a C-terminal part characteristic of glycophosphatidyl inositol anchored protein. This mRNA, transcribed from a gene localized in 4q13-q21, is not expressed in white blood cells but is specific for human testis in which it is likely to correspond to a new ADP-ribosyl transferase.