gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Commissioning of the Beam Energy Position Monitor System for the Superconducting RIKEN Heavy-ion Linac (2020)

The beam commissioning for the RIKEN Heavy-ion Linac (RILAC) upgrade, including the new Superconducting Linac (SRILAC) has been successfully completed. These RILAC upgrade aims at promoting super-heavy element searches and the radioactive isotope (RI) production for medical use. When we accelerate the beam by the SRILAC, we must definitely reduce the beam loss under 1 W/m. To constantly monitor the beam nondestructively, we have developed the new system (BEPM) measuring simultaneously not only the beam position but also the beam energy by measuring the time of flight of the beam. This system has the great advantage that can handle time-chopped beam by synchronizing the measurement system with the beam-chopping signal. At the beginning of the commissioning, the beam was chopped to 3% duty to make the SRILAC cavity protected from the beam loss. Even though the beam intensity was 15 enA, the beam position and energy were accurately measured. We measure the beam position to an accuracy of ±0.1 mm and the beam energy to that of several 10⁻⁴. Here, we present details concerning the BEPM system and commissioning results.
Cardiovascular Function During Pre‐Avoidance, Avoidance, and Post‐Avoidance in Dogs (1975)

ABSTRACT Four dugs, implanted with aortic blood flow probes and catheters, were trained to press a panel during signalled shock avoidance and switched to an hour of Sidman avoidance per day for a minimum of 10 days, Cardiovascular function (heart rate=HR; stroke volume=SV: blood pressure = BP; cardiac output = CO; total peripheral resistance =TPR; and maximum aortic (dp/dt) was determined during the hour preceding avoidance, during avoidance, and during a 10 min post‐avoidance period, Data from 4 dogs were analyzed. Two behaviorally reactive dogs showed elevated BP due to increased TPR during pre‐avoidance and increased CO during avoidance. Increases in SV. HR. and dp/dt, most pronounced at the beginning of avoidance, suggest a change in left ventricular function. Intercorrelations between HR and dp/dt revealed apparent influences of the Frank‐Starting mechanism during pre‐avoidance, and cardiac contractility during avoidance. The 2 remaining animals were less reactive and showed only some of the patterns consistently seen in the 2 more reactive dogs. The data were discussed in terms, of obtaining a model for early stages of human hypertension.
High resolution HLA haplotyping by imputation for a British population bioresource (2017)

This study aimed to establish the occurrence and frequency of HLA alleles and haplotypes for a healthy British Caucasian population bioresource from Oxfordshire. We present the results of imputation from HLA SNP genotyping data using SNP2HLA for 5553 individuals from Oxford Biobank, defining one- and two-field alleles together with amino acid polymorphisms. We show that this achieves a high level of accuracy with validation using sequence-specific primer amplification PCR. We define six- and eight-locus HLA haplotypes for this population by Bayesian methods implemented using PHASE. We determine patterns of linkage disequilibrium and recombination for these individuals involving classical HLA loci and show how analysis within a haplotype block structure may be more tractable for imputed data. Our findings contribute to knowledge of HLA diversity in healthy populations and further validate future large-scale use of HLA imputation as an informative approach in population bioresources.
A 65-nm Mobile Multimedia Applications Processor with an Adaptive Power Management Scheme to Compensate for Variations (2007)

In this paper we present the SmartReflex <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">™</sup> power management techniques implemented on the OMAP3430 Mobile Multimedia Applications Processor. By using multiple voltage domains, fine grain power domains, split-rail memories, and adaptive compensation, SoC active power reduction of 66% and leakage power reduction of 2~3 orders of magnitude was achieved. OMAP3430 contains more than 150M transistors.
Hybrid coronary revascularization in high-risk patients. (2006)

From January 2002 through June 2004, 17 patients (2% of all coronary cases) were treated with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting combined with percutaneous coronary intervention. There were 13 men and 4 women, whose ages ranged from 54 to 78 years (mean, 63.1 +/- 20.9 yr). Preoperative angiography revealed 2-vessel coronary artery disease in 12 patients and 3-vessel disease in the remaining 5 patients. In all patients, extensive lesions (>50%) in the circumflex and right coronary arteries were treated first with a percutaneous intervention, followed by beating-heart coronary artery bypass grafting within 3 hours to treat the remaining obstructed vessels. Coronary angiography was performed 12 months after the operation to evaluate the effectiveness of the procedure. Procedure-related complications did not occur, and there was no in-hospital death. All patients underwent a successful left internal mammary artery-left anterior descending artery anastomosis with the exception of 1 patient, in whom we used a saphenous vein because of previous chest radiotherapy. The postoperative courses were uneventful, and no deterioration of preoperative organ dysfunction was noticed in any patient. There was no cardiac-related death or myocardial infarction. In follow-up angiography, all left internal mammary artery-left anterior descending artery anastomoses were patent. Three patients with restenosis were treated medically, which resulted in substantial reduction of angina. Hybrid coronary revascularization enables complete revascularization and may be an alternative method of treating selected patients who have concomitant disease.
A programmable, arbitrary waveform electrosurgical device (1988)

The programmable electrosurgical device is an arbitrary waveform generator that provides feedback control of selected output variables. A desktop computer provides the human interface and controls the operation of the electrosurgical device. The generated waveform drives an RF amplifier. The electrosurgical device samples the instantaneous voltage and current of the amplifier's output. Any one of several variables-voltage, current, power, or impedance-may be selected for feedback control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Relationships between Age, Blood Pressure, and Retinal Vessel Diameters in an Older Population (2003)

Retinal arteriolar and venular diameters narrow with increasing age, and these parameters are inversely related to BP, independent of age, gender, and smoking. The findings are consistent with those from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study suggesting that decreased retinal vessel diameters may reflect microvascular damage from elevated blood pressure.
Food recognition improvement by using hyper-spectral imagery (2021)

The primary objective of this paper, which is an extended version of the work presented in [1] is to determine the feasibility of exploiting spectral features in classification for automatic food recognition and quality/nutrition evaluation systems. Food intake is one of the necessary factors of human health, which means a human body should get enough nutrient and vitamins through one's daily diet in order to stay healthy. Nowadays people are more concerned about what they eat and how that affects their lifestyle. Furthermore, current eating behaviors and range of nutrition consumption has changed.
Insights into the Epiphyseal Cartilage Origin and Subsequent Osseous Manifestation of Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans with a Modified Clinical MR Imaging Protocol: A Pilot Study (2016)

Purpose To retrospectively determine if a modified clinical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol provides information on the origin of juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) lesions and allows for staging on the basis of the proposed natural history of JOCD to better guide clinical management of the disease. Materials and Methods This institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant, retrospective study was performed in 13 consecutive patients (mean age, 14.9 years; age range, 10-22 years; nine male and four female patients) and one additional comparative patient (a 44-year-old man), in which 19 knees with 20 JOCD lesions were imaged. Seventeen lesions occurred in the medial femoral condyle, two occurred in the lateral femoral condyle, and one occurred in the medial trochlea. The clinical 3-T MR imaging protocol was supplemented with a routinely available multiecho gradient-recalled-echo sequence with the shortest attainable echo time of approximately 4 msec (T2* mapping). Results At the earliest manifestation, the lesion was entirely cartilaginous (n = 1). Subsequently, primary cartilaginous lesions within the epiphyseal cartilage developed a rim calcification that originated from normal subjacent bone, which defined a clear cleft between the lesion progeny and the parent bone (n = 9). Secondarily, progeny lesions became ossified (n = 7) while at the same time forming varying degrees of osseous bridging and/or clefting with the parent bone. Two healed lesions with a linear bony scar and one detached lesion were identified. Conclusion The modified MR imaging protocol allowed for identification of the epiphyseal cartilage origin and subsequent stages of ossification in JOCD. The approach allows further elucidation of the natural history of the disease and may better guide clinical management. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2016.
Inhibin, Activin, and Follistatin Potential Roles in Ovarian Physiologya (1993)

The physiological significance of these results will not become clear until patterns of activin and inhibin protein production and the expression of their receptors have been more thoroughly characterized in relation to follicular development. Meanwhile, in situ hybridization studies on rat and monkey ovaries suggest that inhibin/activin beta-subunit mRNA (favoring synthesis of activin) is relatively abundant in granulosa cells of immature antral follicles, whereas alpha-subunit mRNA (favoring synthesis of inhibin) predominates in Graafian follicles. The increased production of follistatin associated with advanced preovulatory development would serve to further reduce the activin "tone" relative to inhibin (Fig. 1). At the level of protein action in vitro, the pattern emerging is that inhibin minimally affects granulosa cell steroidogenesis at any stage of follicular development, whereas activin has pronounced modulatory effects that alter with follicular maturity. As suggested previously,60 the ability of activin to enhance gonadotropin-responsive aromatase activity and simultaneously suppress progesterone production by mature granulosa cells has physiological implications in that it hints at a mechanism for promoting estrogen synthesis and simultaneously suppressing progesterone synthesis, which is precisely what occurs in the preovulatory follicle. The effects of inhibin and activin on human thecal androgen synthesis observed in vitro suggest how these proteins might act locally to modulate preovulatory follicular growth and estrogen synthesis in vivo (Fig. 2).57 In essence, we propose that activin acting at early stages of antral follicular development plays a role in follicular recruitment through sensitizing immature granulosa cells to the cytodifferentiative action of FSH. On the other hand, inhibin is more likely to play a role in preovulatory follicular selection and maintenance of follicular dominance. Studies of follicular fluid levels of androgen and estrogen in relation to granulosa cell aromatase activity indicate that the capacity of the theca interna to generate aromatase substrate (androstenedione) increases hand in hand with aromatase activity in the human preovulatory follicle. It has therefore been suggested that a positive feedback loop (granulosa on theca) exists that promotes thecal androgen synthesis and hence estrogen synthesis in this follicle.64 The discovery that inhibin production in vitro is greatest by granulosa cells isolated from preovulatory follicles strongly implicates inhibin as a component of this feedback loop.
Reactively ion etched nonuniform-depth grating for advanced DFB lasers (2002)

An ethane (C/sub 2/H/sub 2/) reactive ion etching (RIE) technique that offers smooth-etched morphology, high controllability of depth, and anisotropic geometries for forming a nonuniform-depth grating on an InP substrate is discussed. The fabrication of a lambda /4-shifted multiple quantum well (MQW) distributed feedback (DFB) laser with a 900 mu m cavity and a nonuniform-depth grating is described. It is shown that the larger threshold gain difference predicted by theory is obtained despite strong hole-burning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Influence of aging on electrolytic capacitors functionin static converters: Fault prediction method (1999)

The failure of electrolytic capacitors is the cause of most breakdowns of static converters. The function of these capacitors is to filter and to store electrical energy. Accelerated aging tests showed that the increase of the internal resistance ESR of the capacitors is a good indicator of their faulty state. The filter function is affected by the capacitors wearout on the one hand. At high frequency, the voltage ripple at the terminals of the capacitors increases according to ESR rise. On the other hand, the storage function is not much influenced by the capacitors aging. As static converters work most of the time at variable load, high transient values of the voltage ripple occur when output current changes that can induce false alarms. These transients are verified theoretically and experimentally. In order to avoid these transients effects, we suggest to monitor the fundamental component of the voltage ripple. This latter waveform is the best signature of the capacitors state. The ESR of the capacitors and the time before their failure are deduced from the processing of this waveform with other converter parameters such as input voltage, output current and ambient temperature.
Evolution of Suites of Traits in Response to Environmental Stress (1993)

Traits that enable plants to exploit low-resource environments (e.g., slow tissue turnover, low transpiration rate, high root: shoot ratio, and high concentrations of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores) are physiologically linked to key growth-related traits (low rates of photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and growth). Similar suites of traits occur as both phenotypically plastic and evolutionary responses to stress. We suggest that a genetic change in a switch or underlying trait that turns on this stress resistance syndrome (SRS), which causes it to be expressed over a wider range of environmental circumstances, would effectively convert a high-resource genotype into one that is more stress-tolerant. Because of physiological linkages between growth-related traits and the SRS, any heritable change in a key growth-related trait will pleiotropically affect the SRS. Therefore, heritable changes in these key growth-related traits could be accompanied by evolution of the entire SRS. Evidence for this hypothesis comes from single-gene mutants that differ in many stress-related traits, rapid evolution of metaltolerant populations that are broadly stress-resistant, and consistent patterns of traits in species along gradients in resource availability. Similar evolutionary patterns occur in many animal taxa, which suggests that it is a general evolutionary phenomenon. We suggest that rapid evolution in response to changing environmental stress may allow many short-lived species to respond to human-induced environmental change and provide opportunities to develop stress-resistant crops. However, the time lag between generations of long-lived species that dominate most natural vegetation may not allow mature individuals of these species to keep pace with rapid global change
Learned optical flow for intra-operative tracking of the retinal fundus (2020)

The results indicate that complex synthetic training datasets can be used to specifically guide optical flow estimation. Our proposed algorithm therefore lays the foundation for a robust system which can assist with intra-operative tracking of moving surgical targets even when occluded.
Validation of neural network analysis to predict prognosis in breast cancer patients (2002)

In order to analyze the possibility to utilize alternative techniques for statistical evaluation of biomedical data, the authors have applied neural network analysis for prediction of probability of relapse in a series of 101 node negative breast cancer patients treated by radical surgery without any further systemic therapy. On the basis of the authors' preliminary results, the neural model, based on Kohonen map, seems able to individualize specific clusters of patients with different clinical pathological characteristics and probability of relapse.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Can Container Fusion Be Securely Achieved? (2019)

Linux containers are key enablers for building microservices. The application's microservices fall broadly under two categories, the core-microservices implementing the business logic and the utility-microservices implementing middleware functionalities. Such functionalities include vulnerability scanning, monitoring, telemetry, etc. Segregating the utility-microservices in separate containers from the core-microservice containers may prevent them from achieving their functionality. This is due to the strong isolation between containers. By diffusing the boundaries between containers we can fuse them together and enable close collaboration. However, this raises several security concerns, especially that the utility-microservices may include vulnerabilities that threaten the entire application. In this paper, we analyze the different techniques to enhance the security of container fusion and present an automated solution based on Kubernetes to configure utility-microservices containers to fuse with core-microservices containers.
Simplifying decision trees: A survey (1997)

Induced decision trees are an extensively-researched solution to classification tasks. For many practical tasks, the trees produced by tree-generation algorithms are not comprehensible to users due to their size and complexity. Although many tree induction algorithms have been shown to produce simpler, more comprehensible trees (or data structures derived from trees) with good classification accuracy, tree simplification has usually been of secondary concern relative to accuracy, and no attempt has been made to survey the literature from the perspective of simplification. We present a framework that organizes the approaches to tree simplification and summarize and critique the approaches within this framework. The purpose of this survey is to provide researchers and practitioners with a concise overview of tree-simplification approaches and insight into their relative capabilities. In our final discussion, we briefly describe some empirical findings and discuss the application of tree induction algorithms to case retrieval in case-based reasoning systems.
Quantifying the Comprehensive Greenhouse Gas Co-Benefits of Green Buildings (2014)

This report quantifies, for the first time, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions co-­‐benefits associated with water, waste and transportation usage in certified green commercial office buildings in California. The study compares the measured values of water, waste and transportation usage self-­‐reported by a set of office buildings certified under the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design rating system for Existing Building Operations and Maintenance (LEED-­‐EBOM) to both baseline values of conventional California office buildings and predicted values based upon state standards for green buildings and GHG impact prediction methods. The green buildings in the LEED-­‐EBOM dataset produced 50% less GHGs due to water consumption than baseline buildings, 48% less due to solid waste management, and 5% less due to transportation. If applied to the entire California office building stock, performance typical of the certified green buildings would save 0.703 MMTCO2e/yr from transportation, 0.084 MMTCO2e/yr from water, and 0.044 MMTCO2e/yr from waste, for a total potential savings of about 0.831 MMTCO2e/yr relative to conventional construction. In addition, buildings earning additional credits for specified performance thresholds for water and waste in the LEED-­‐EBOM code attained performance levels even higher than required by the code provisions, suggesting that such code provisions in other contexts may help incentivize larger GHG emissions reductions than anticipated.
Revealing Adverse Outcome Pathways from Public High-Throughput Screening Data to Evaluate New Toxicants by a Knowledge-Based Deep Neural Network Approach (2021)

Traditional experimental testing to identify endocrine disruptors that enhance estrogenic signaling relies on expensive and labor-intensive experiments. We sought to design a knowledge-based deep neural network (k-DNN) approach to reveal and organize public high-throughput screening data for compounds with nuclear estrogen receptor α and β (ERα and ERβ) binding potentials. The target activity was rodent uterotrophic bioactivity driven by ERα/ERβ activations. After training, the resultant network successfully inferred critical relationships among ERα/ERβ target bioassays, shown as weights of 6521 edges between 1071 neurons. The resultant network uses an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework to mimic the signaling pathway initiated by ERα and identify compounds that mimic endogenous estrogens (i.e., estrogen mimetics). The k-DNN can predict estrogen mimetics by activating neurons representing several events in the ERα/ERβ signaling pathway. Therefore, this virtual pathway model, starting from a compound's chemistry initiating ERα activation and ending with rodent uterotrophic bioactivity, can efficiently and accurately prioritize new estrogen mimetics (AUC = 0.864-0.927). This k-DNN method is a potential universal computational toxicology strategy to utilize public high-throughput screening data to characterize hazards and prioritize potentially toxic compounds.
New Developments in Fiber-Laser Frequency Combs (2011)

New developments on fiber-laser-frequency combs, demonstrating improved coherence properties, power scaling to the 80W level and extended spectral coverage from the XUV to the mid-IR will be discussed.
A New J-K Flip-Flop for Synchronizers (1977)

Anomalous gating of asynchronous signals in synchronizers and arbiter circuits may cause significant errors and system failures. Since the probability of logically undefined states at the output of flip-flops increases rapidly with clock rate, the errors were reduced by lower frequencies, at the price of severe time loss, until now. The paper presents a J-K flip-flop in which the duration of an oscillatory or metastable behavior is reduced by a factor of 5 to 15. In this flip-flop the switching of two gates is accelerated by tunnel diodes.