gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NOTCH EFFECT ON FATIGUE STRENGTH OF DIE CAST AM60 MAGNESIUM ALLOY (2009)

Magnesium alloys have made impressive inroads into areas where steels, aluminum alloys and plastics have been the materials of choice, i.e., in the area of aerospace and automobile industries [1-4]. The driving force behind this phenomenon would be their inherent superior properties such as low density, high specific strength, excellent castability and machinability and so on. Majority of structural components for aerospace and automobile applications demand excellent fatigue properties. Therefore, most of the previous studies on magnesium alloys have been focused on the fatigue properties under ambient environment as well as corrosive environments. However, from the viewpoint of the prospective engineering applications, it is also important to have information on the fatigue notch sensitivity, because the fatigue performance of notched bodies might be very poor even if the fatigue performance of smooth bodies is good. In engineering components, geometrical discontinuities i.e., notches such as shoulders, keyways, oil holes, grooves and threads inevitably exist and fatigue failure takes place very frequently at the notch root due to the stress concentration. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the fatigue strength of notched parts, especially in the case of emerging new materials such as magnesium and its alloys. In the present study, four point bending tests were performed to understand the notch effect on the fatigue strength of die-cast AM60 magnesium alloy by using constant depth notched specimens with different stress concentration factors, Kt. 2. Experimental procedures
Efficient transduction of primary human B lymphocytes and nondividing myeloma B cells with HIV-1–derived lentiviral vectors (2003)

We studied the transduction of primary human B lymphocytes and myeloma cells with lentiviral vectors. In peripheral blood B cells that had been activated with helper T cells (murine thymoma EL-4 B5) and cytokines, multiply attenuated HIV-1-derived vectors pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G-envelope protein achieved the expression of green fluorescence protein (GFP) in 27% +/- 12% (mean +/- 1 SD; median, 27%) of B cells in different experiments. When compared in parallel cultures, the transducibility of B cells from different donors exhibited little variation. The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter gave 4- to 6-fold higher GFP expression than did the human elongation factor-1alpha promoter. A murine retroviral vector pseudotyped with VSV G protein proved inefficient even in mitotically active primary B cells. B cells freshly stimulated with Epstein-Barr virus were also transducible by HIV vectors (24% +/- 9%), but B cells activated with CD40 ligand and cytokines resisted transduction. Thus, different culture systems gave different results. Freshly isolated, nondividing myeloma cells were efficiently transduced by HIV vectors; for 6 myelomas the range was 14% to 77% (median, 28%) GFP(+) cells. HIV vectors with a mutant integrase led to no significant GFP signal in primary B or myeloma cells, suggesting that vector integration was required for high transduction. In conclusion, HIV vectors are promising tools for studies of gene functions in primary human B cells and myeloma cells for the purposes of research and the development of gene therapies.
Low Energy Electron Interactions with Uracil:  The Energetics Predicted by Theory (2004)

Low energy electrons (LEEs) induce strand breaks and base damage in DNA and RNA via fragmentation of molecular bonding. This includes the formation of hydrogen atoms from N−H and C−H bond dissociations in the bases thymine, cytosine and uracil, respectively. To better understand the dissociation of uracil induced by LEEs, we theoretically characterized the potential energy surfaces (PESs) along the N−H and C−H bonds of the uracil anion, as well as the energetics involved. The PESs show that an activation barrier of less than 1 eV exists for the N1−H dissociation with rather flat PES beyond N−H = ∼1.5 Å. The PESs for C5−H and C6−H show larger barriers, which increase monotonically with bond stretching. All the N−H and C−H bond dissociations are endothermic; the adiabatic PESs suggest the energy threshold for formation of hydrogen from N−H and C−H bonds are in the order: 0.78 (N1−H) < 1.3 (N3−H) < 2.2 (C6−H) < 2.7 eV (C5−H). The H-deleted uracil radicals (U-yl radical family) are found to have exceptionally high adiabatic electron affinities, namely, 3.46 (N1), 3.8 (N3), 2.35 (C5), and 2.67 eV (C6). During the H bond breaking process of an uracil transient anion, these electron affinities compensate the extra energy needed to break the N−H or C−H bonds. This process may therefore explain the large hydrogen yield found experimentally from uracil upon attachment of LEEs. Potential applications of this process for the synthesis of uracil analogues using LEE irradiation are suggested.
Supplementary Table 10 from Use of Angiotensin System Inhibitors Is Associated with Immune Activation and Longer Survival in Nonmetastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Selected key pathways up-regulated or down-regulated by ACEi treatment alone in Gene Set Enrichment Analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
Inactivation of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> by hydroxyurea in Aspergillus culture media (1998)

We found that sublethal levels of Hydroxyurea (HU), an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, inhibited the growth of pyroA4 mutants of Aspergillus nidulans. Growth inhibition increased with the age of the HU-containing medium, and was remediated by supplementation with additional vitamin B6, indicating that HU leads to the inactivation of vitamin B6. HU inactivated vitamin B6 in the presence or absence of media components. These results demonstrate a direct affect of HU on vitamin B6, and they complicate the interpretation of results from experiments involving HU and fungal strains auxotrophic for vitamin B6.
Do not use a chirp to test a DFT program (1979)

It is shown that the choice of a chirp waveform is a poor one for testing most algorithms which compute the discrete Fourier transform. The Winograd-Fourier transform algorithm is especially susceptible to program bugs which will not be detected by computing the transform of a chirp sequence.
Regulation of the immune response in experimental models of autoimmune disorders: resistance of (NZB X NZW)F1 mice to tolerance induction in vivo. (1983)

Studies were carried out to test whether tolerance to alloantigens and to heterologous proteins could be induced in (NZB X NZW)F1 (B/W) female mice, compared with females of various other mouse strains, including BALB/c, C3H/eb, C57Bl/Ka and (BALB/c X C57Bl/6)F1. Untreated BALB/c and B/W mice were resistant to tolerance induction by deaggregated BSA, while all other strains were susceptible, as indicated by their lack of response to antigen challenge. Tolerance induction to BSA was further potentiated in all mouse strains including BALB/c with the exception of B/W, following prior conditioning of the mice with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). Similarly, specific and permanent tolerance to H-2 incompatible alloantigens was successfully induced in TLI conditioned BALB/c, C3H/eb, (BALB/c X C57Bl/6)F1 injected with bone marrow cells, however, B/W mice were resistant. Stable chimeras could be established in TLI treated B/W mice only across a semi-allogeneic combination (BALB/c--greater than B/W). No graft vs host disease (GVHD) was observed in any of the chimeras including B/W mice. We conclude that B/W mice are resistant to tolerance induction to heterologous proteins and alloantigens, even after TLI conditioning. We postulate that this phenomenon is a function of both the intrinsic properties of the haemopoietic stem cells, including their differentiated progeny, as well as characteristics of their cellular microenvironment.
Streak Seeding Automation Using Silicon Tools (2006)

This report presents an approach to automation of a protein crystallography task called streak seeding. The approach is based on novel and unique custom-designed silicon microtools, which we experimentally verified to produce results similar to the results from traditionally used boar bristles. The advantage to using silicon is that it allows the employment of state-of-the-art micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) technology to produce microtools of various shapes and sizes and that it is rigid and can be easily adopted as an accurately calibrated end-effector on a microrobotic system. A working prototype of an automatic streak seeding system is presented, which has been successfully applied for protein crystallization.
The Effect of Impurities and Pressure on Oxidation in CO2 at 700°-800°C (2018)

Abstract Direct-fired or open supercritical CO2 (sCO2) cycles are expected to have impurities that may greatly alter the compatibility of structural alloys in these environments. However, there are no available laboratory facilities to simulate these environments at operating conditions of 750°C and &amp;gt;100 bar. As an initial assessment of the effects of H2O and SO2 on oxidation in a CO2 environment, 500 h experiments were conducted at 1 and 25 bar at 700° and 800°C in CO2, CO2+10%H2O and CO2+10%H2O+0.1%SO2. Representative structural alloys S30409, N07230, N07208 and superalloy N07247 were exposed and the reaction products characterized after each exposure. The Ni-based alloys generally formed thin protective oxides at both pressures and only minor changes were observed with the addition of SO2 and/or H2O. As expected, the Fe-based S30409 showed more attack, especially at 800°C. However, at 25 bar the attack was reduced at 800°C compared to the breakaway oxidation at 1 bar. For the addition of SO2 at 800°C, a more protective oxide formed at 1 bar but a thick, duplex Fe-rich oxide formed at 25 bar.
Boosting LINC systems combiners efficiency through ring-type magnitude modulation (2017)

This paper proposes a transmitter structure that combines a ring-type magnitude modulation (RMM) technique with a linear amplification with nonlinear components (LINC) scheme for power and spectrally efficient transmission based on bandwidth limited OQPSK signals, for either a linear combiner (LC) or a Chireix combiner (CC). It shows that by controlling the transmitted signal's envelope through RMM, the range of the LINC decomposition angle is considerably decreased. This significantly improves LC's power efficiency, and substantially reduces CC's spectral leakage while maintaining its high amplification efficiency.
Single-handed interaction techniques for multiple pressure-sensitive strips (2004)

We present a set of interaction techniques that make novel use of a small pressure-sensitive pad to allow one-handed direct control of a large number of parameters. The surface of the pressure-sensitive pad is logically divided into four linear strips which simulate traditional interaction metaphors and the functions of which may be modified dynamically under software control. No homing of the hand or fingers in needed once the fingers are placed above their corresponding strips. We show how the number of strips on the pad can be virtually extended from four to fourteen by detecting contact pressure differences and dual-finger motions. Due to the compact size of the device and the method of interaction, which does not rely on on-screen widgets or the 2D navigation of a cursor, the versatile input system may be used in applications, where it is advantageous to minimize the amount of visual feedback required for interaction.
Isolation of a phosphorylcholine‐containing component from the turbot tapeworm, Bothriocephalus scorpii (Müller), and its reaction with C‐reactive protein (1980)

A fraction isolated by electrofocusing (pI 4.2) from a saline extract of the turbot parasite, Bothriocephalus scorpii, contained choline and precipitated with a teleost C-reactive protein (CRP) and a phosphorylcholine-binding Balb/c mouse myeloma protein, TEPC-15. Non-dialysable products released from cultured tapeworms also precipitated with the phosphorylcholine-specific precipitins. Ca2+ was required for precipitation with CRP and immunodiffusion lines were confluent with pneumococcal C-polysaccharide and a fungal C substance. Intradermal injection of the phosphorylcholine-containing fraction caused an immediate erythema reaction in all mature turbot tested. The skin reaction is though to be related to the amount of circulating CRP and this protein was present in sera fro all nature turbot giving a positive skin response. There is no evidence for CRP being toxic to the tapeworms and the possibility is discussed that the worms exploit the host CRP for their own survival.
Cloning, expression and functional analysis of the duck Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) gene (2015)

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is responsible for the recognition of bacterial flagellin in vertebrates. In the present study, the first TLR5 gene in duck was cloned. The open reading frame (ORF) of duck TLR5 (dTLR5) cDNA is 2580 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 859 amino acids. We also cloned partial sequences of myeloid differentiation factor 88, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), and myxovirus resistance (Mx) genes from duck. dTLR5 mRNA was highly expressed in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, trachea, lung, jejunum, rectum, and skin; moderately expressed in the muscular and glandular tissues, duodenum, ileum, caecum, and pancreas; and minimally expressed in the heart, liver, kidney, and muscle. DF-1 or HeLa cells transfected with DNA constructs encoding dTLR5 can activate NF-κB leading to the activation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter. When we challenged ducks with a Herts33 Newcastle disease virus (NDV), mRNA transcription of the antiviral molecules Mx, Double stranded RNA activated protein kinase (PKR), and OAS was up-regulated in the liver, lung, and spleen 1 and 2 days post-inoculation.
Embedded Passive Sensors for Detecting Corrosion in Concrete Bridge Decks (2010)

A passive sensor platform has been developed to detect the onset of corrosion in concrete bridge decks. The term “passive” is used to describe the sensors because they do not include any on-board processing capabilities or sources of power. The sensors are powered and interrogated in a wireless manner by measuring the impedance through an external reader coil, which is magnetically coupled to resonant circuits within the sensor. The sensors are designed to be embedded in a concrete deck during construction and interrogated periodically over the life of the bridge. Reinforced concrete slabs were subjected to long-term exposure tests to demonstrate the reliability of the prototype sensors. The middle region of each slab was exposed to alternating moisture cycles using salt water. Sensors in this region indicated that threshold amounts of corrosion occurred, while sensors located in regions that were not exposed to salt water indicated the absence of corrosion. At the conclusion of the tests, the sensor readings were confirmed by removing the concrete cover and examining the condition of the embedded reinforcement. One flaw in the initial design of the sensors; however, was that the transducing element (a corroding steel wire) passed through the epoxy potting that protected the circuit components. This provided a pathway for contaminants to infiltrate the sensors, causing corrosion. In order to improve the durability of the passive sensors, a new configuration is being developed in which the corroding element is physically isolated from the resonant circuits within the sensor.
Proton Hopping and Long-Range Transport in the Protic Ionic Liquid [Im][TFSI], Probed by Pulsed-Field Gradient NMR and Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering B (2012)

The management of proton conductivity in the protic ionic liquid imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Im][TFSI]) is investigated via the use of quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) and pulsed-field gradient NMR. The introduction of excess neutral imidazole to [Im][TFSI] leads to enhanced conductivity. We find that proton dynamics in [Im][TFSI] with excess imidazole are characterized by proton hopping that is encompassed in the slower of two translational processes, as identified by QENS. This relatively slow process contributes to long-range diffusion more than the faster process. NMR diffusion measurements show that proton hopping decreases with increasing temperature, but significant proton hopping persists even at the maximum experimental temperature of 120 °C. This, in combination with minimal ion aggregation, leads to high proton conductivity and a high proton transference number over a wide temperature range.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Replication in Simian Virus 40-Infected Cells IV. Two Different Requirements for Protein Synthesis During Simian Virus 40 Deoxyribonucleic Acid Replication (1971)

The replication of simian virus 40 (SV40) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was inhibited by 99% 2 hr after the addition of cycloheximide to SV40-infected primary African green monkey kidney cells. The levels of 25S (replicating) and 21S (mature) SV40 DNA synthesized after cycloheximide treatment were always lower than those observed in an infected untreated control culture. This is consistent with a requirement for a protein(s) or for protein synthesis at the initiation step in SV40 DNA replication. The relative proportion of 25S DNA as compared with 21S viral DNA increased with increasing time after cycloheximide treatment. Removal of cycloheximide from inhibited cultures allowed the recovery of viral DNA synthesis to normal levels within 3 hr. During the recovery period, the ratio of 25S DNA to 21S DNA was 10 times higher than that observed after a 30-min pulse with (3)H-thymidine with an infected untreated control culture. The accumulation of 25S replicating SV40 DNA during cycloheximide inhibition or shortly after its removal is interpreted to mean that a protein(s) or protein synthesis is required to convert the 25S replicating DNA to 21S mature viral DNA. Further evidence of a requirement for protein synthesis in the 25S to 21S conversion was obtained by comparing the rate of this conversion in growing and resting cells. The conversion of 25S DNA to 21S DNA took place at a faster rate in infected growing cells than in infected confluent monolayer cultures. A temperature-sensitive SV40 coat protein mutation (large-plaque SV40) had no effect on the replication of SV40 DNA at the nonpermissive temperature.
P11.60 Neurosurgical delivery of the poly ADP ribose polymerase-1 inhibitor olaparib from a thermo-responsive biodegradable paste potentiates radiotherapy and prolongs survival (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND There has been considerable interest in repurposing the poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor and purported radiosensitiser olaparib (Lynparza), with a recent dose escalation study of olaparib plus temozolomide in recurrent GBM showing good tolerance. Due to systemic therapy-associated caveats such as dose-limiting toxicities and blood-brain-barrier penetration, here we assess localised post-surgical delivery of olaparib from our previously developed PLGA/PEG thermo-sensitive biodegradable paste. MATERIAL AND METHODS Metabolic and clonogenic assays were used to assess effects on proliferation and clonal growth upon in vitro glioma exposure to olaparib. Flow cytometry and Annexin V/Propidium iodide were used to determine apoptosis. The 9L high-grade glioma orthotopic allograft model was utilised to assess survival upon intra-cavity olaparib delivery. RESULTS Metabolic and clonogenic assays revealed impaired proliferation and clonal growth respectively, upon acute exposure of high-grade glioma cells to olaparib (3–5µM), an effect dramatically potentiated with 3Gy radiation. Flow cytometry of Annexin V+/Propidium iodide+ rodent and human high-grade glioma cells, revealed a significant cell proportion increase at late stage apoptosis when exposed to 2–3µM olaparib and 3Gy radiation (relative to untreated, olaparib alone or radiation alone). A high-grade glioma orthotopic allograft study revealed a significant overall survival benefit of locally-delivered 10% and 20% w/w (drug:polymer ratio) olaparib via PLGA/PEG paste post-surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy, compared to surgery/oral temozolomide/radiotherapy (GBM standard-of-care) and surgery/systemic olaparib (95 vs. 44 vs. 30 days respectively). A more pronounced survival benefit, as measured by number of animals surviving long-term, was observed with combined PLGA/PEG/olaparib/temozolomide/radiotherapy or PLGA/PEG/olaparib/etoposide/radiotherapy, relative to standard-of-care (95 vs. 44 days). Clinical correlation was determined using RNAseq data from 10 GBM patients, showing significantly elevated levels of apoptosis-inducing factor-1 in 5-aminolevulinic acid (5ALA)+ fluorescence-activated cell sorted populations (i.e. purified tumour cells from the invasive margin), relative to 5ALA- cells, confirming PARP-1 activity in infiltrative tumour cells. CONCLUSION Collectively our data supports a clinical rationale for localised olaparib delivery with adjuvant radiotherapy.
Additions and Corrections (1989)

The legend on the ordinate should be 1/ Page 2659, Fig. SA: The ordinate axis, "Extinction Coef-(mmol ATP/mg protein).The legend on the abscissa should
Characteristics of the Temporal and Spatial Excitable Gap in Anisotropic Reentrant Circuits Causing Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia (1998)

The excitable gap of a reentrant circuit has both temporal (time during the cycle length that the circuit is excitable) and spatial (length of the circuit that is excitable at a given time) properties. We determined the temporal and spatial properties of the excitable gap in reentrant circuits caused by nonuniform anisotropy. Myocardial infarction was produced in canine hearts by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Four days later, reentrant circuits were mapped in the epicardial border zone of the infarcts with a multielectrode array during sustained ventricular tachycardia induced by programmed stimulation. During tachycardia, premature impulses were initiated by stimulation at sites around and in the reentrant circuits, and their conduction characteristics in the circuit were mapped. All circuits had a temporal excitable gap in at least part of the circuit, which allowed premature impulses to enter the circuit. Completely and partially excitable segments of the temporal gap were identified by measuring conduction velocity of the premature impulses; conduction was equal to the native reentrant wave front in completely excitable regions and slower than the reentrant wave front in partially excitable regions. In some circuits, a temporal gap existed throughout the circuit, permitting the entire circuit to be reset over a range of premature coupling intervals, although the size of the gap varied at different sites. In other circuits, the gap became so small at local sites that even though premature impulses could enter the circuit, the circuit could not be reset. Premature impulses could terminate reentry in circuits that could be reset or not. We also found a significant spatial gap, which was identified by determining the distance between the head of the circulating wave front, which could be located on the activation map, and its tail, which was the site most distal from the head as located by the site of entry of the premature wave front into the circuit. The spatial gap could also vary in different parts of the circuit. Therefore, nonuniform anisotropic reentrant circuits have both a temporal and spatial excitable gap with fully and partially excitable components that change in different parts of the circuit.