gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Second generation ‘nanohybrid supercapacitor’: Evolution of capacitive energy storage devices (2012)

Nanoscience and nanotechnology can provide tremendous benefits to electrochemical energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, by combining new nanoscale properties to realize enhanced energy and power capabilities. A number of published reports on hybrid systems are systematically reviewed in this perspective. Several potential strategies to enhance the energy density above that of generation-I electric double layer capacitors (EDLC: activated carbon/activated carbon) are discussed and some fundamental issues and future directions are identified. We suggest a new hybrid supercapacitor system that is able to meet the energy and power demands for a variety of applications, ranging from microelectronic devices to electrical vehicles, which presents itself as a breakthrough improvement. Two practical hybrid supercapacitor systems, namely, a lithium-ion capacitor (LIC: graphite/activated carbon) and a nanohybrid capacitor (NHC: (nc-Li4Ti5O12/CNF composite)/activated carbon), are featured and compared. The proposed NHC can pave the way toward generation-II supercapacitor systems by taking advantage of a novel, high quality, high efficiency and inexpensive nanomaterial preparation procedure. With such a breakthrough in nanofabrication–nanohybridization technology, the NHC, which utilizes an ultrafast nano-crystalline Li4Ti5O12, is considered to be an alternative for conventional generation-I EDLCs.
Development of pancreatic glucagon-specific radioimmunoassay with use of synthetic human glucagon (19-29) as immunogen. (1982)

The undecapeptide, human glucagon (19-29), was prepared as immunogen for production of pancreatic glucagon-specific antisera by the conventional method for peptide synthesis, and a radioimmunoassay with use of antiserum raised against the synthetic undecapeptide was developed. The assay system was evaluated for the measurement of plasma immunoreactive glucagon.
Mutational analysis reveals dispensability of the N‐terminal region of the Aspergillus transcription factor mediating nitrogen metabolite repression (1995)

Mutational analysis has enabled identification and localization of an upstream exon of the areA gene of Aspergillus nidulans mediating nitrogen metabolite repression. A mutation in the initiation codon and frameshift mutations, which revert by restoration of the reading frame, established the coding role of the exon and mutations affecting intron splicing in conjunction with DNA sequencing of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products localized the coding region intron. The resulting AREA translation product would have 876 residues. Deletion of the upstream exon such that translation of the remaining areA coding region would yield a protein containing only the 719 C-terminal residues has only a subtle phenotype, very similar to those resulting from single amino acid replacements in upstream exon-encoded regions of strong sequence similarity to the Neurospora crassa and Penicillium chrysogenum homologues. A number of areA mRNAs of different sizes are synthesised and appear to be functionally redundant. Synthesis of at least the smallest mRNA(s) is probably subject to autogenous activation. Suppression of frameshift mutations by compensating mutations preventing intron splicing suggests that insertion of a markedly hydrophobic sequence can impair AREA function. Finally, translational initiation for areA can occur within a region of at least 123 nucleotides.
Liquid metal solution calorimeter (1965)

A calorimeter is described, the operation of which involves the solution of samples in a liquid metal. The working temperature range is 240-500°C and, as a result of its highly stable thermal environment and small heat losses, high sensitivity and precision have been achieved. The calorimeter can be conveniently applied to the measurement of heats of formation and solution and energy changes accompanying solid state reactions in metallic systems.
System for automotive machine vision (2017)

The consumer automotive market is going through rapid changes. To preserve the competitiveness each new generation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) heavily adds to a complexity of the hardware platform. Analysis of the latest ADAS systems, their existing and missing requirements, is a foundation for the development of the Alpha board, the hardware platform for ADAS applications. In this paper we describe the automotive vision upgrade for ADAS.
Interlaced Coding in SVC (2007)

The scalable extension of AVC scalable video coding (SVC) is a current standardization project of the joint video team (JVT) of the ITU-T video coding experts group (VCEG) and the ISO/IEC moving picture experts group (MPEG). SVC has been initially designed for progressive video. However, even if progressive material is becoming the favorite format for production, broadcasting and consumers equipments, interlaced material is still widely used in the video world and will not disappear in the next few years. The specification of SVC should be finalized in 2007. Thanks to its AVC-based design and its AVC base-layer compatibility, migration from AVC to SVC equipments can be considered in a near future. In this context, interlaced support becomes an important requirement for SVC. This paper presents the main concepts for supporting interlaced coding in SVC. After a brief description of the basics of SVC, the generalizations of AVC interlaced tools are first described. Then main issues related to interlaced video scalable encoding are identified and the new mechanisms introduced in the SVC specification for raising these issues are presented. The paper also discusses related applications side and identifies several use cases illustrating the interest of interlaced support in SVC.
Retrievable IVC Filters: A Decision Matrix for Appropriate Utilization (2006)

The use of vena caval filters for patients at high risk for or with venous thromboembolism has increased substantially during the past two decades. Advances in technology have improved the ease of insertion, increasing physicians' acceptance of the procedure. Until recently, all vena caval filters available in the United States were considered permanent, but since 2003, three nonpermanent-or retrievable-filters have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. This article reviews the indications for caval filtration in patients at risk for venous thromboembolic events. A decision matrix is suggested for use of retrievable (optional) vena caval filters.
Reaction of Silyldihalomethyllithiums with Nitriles: Formation of α‐Keto Acylsilanes via Azirines and 1,3‐Rearrangement of Silyl Group from C to N. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Increased serum levels of transforming growth factor β‐1 in patients affected by thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP): its implications on bone marrow haematopoiesis (1993)

In this study we evaluated the effect of serum collected from seven thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) patients, either in the acute phase of the disease or in clinical remission, on the in vitro growth of bone marrow haematopoietic progenitor cells, obtained from the same TTP patients in clinical remission and from normal donors. The addition to the cultures of autologous sera collected from TTP patients in acute phase of the disease showed a clear-cut dose-dependent inhibition of immature haematopoietic progenitor cells (BFU-E, CFU-meg and 14th day CFU-GM). On the other hand, no inhibitory effects were observed on more mature 7th day CFU-GM. Interestingly, also sera collected from TTP patients in clinical remission still maintained some inhibitory activity on the growth of immature progenitor cells. A similar inhibitory activity was noticed when TTP sera were tested on normal bone marrow haematopoietic progenitor cells. Such inhibitory activity was significantly reduced in blocking experiments by the addition of a polyclonal neutralizing anti-TGF-beta 1 antibody and the presence of increased levels of both bioactive and latent TGF-beta 1 in TTP sera was confirmed in a bioassay on CCL64 cells. These data contribute to explain the lack of a clear compensatory haematopoiesis observed in some patients with active TTP and add further evidence to the notion of the existence of a state of latent platelet activation in TTP patients in clinical remission.
Guidelines for the management of actinic keratoses. (2007)

Auteur(s) : Eggert Stockfleth, Helmut Kerl Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charite Campus Mitte,Universitat Berlin Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany These guidelines have been accepted by the UEMS and should facilitate the management of actinic keratoses Europe-wide. They are intended to provide an important resource for improving the quality of care.These guidelines attempt to cover clinical practice across Europe and should be regarded as a set of suggestions for care [...]
A prebiotic intervention study in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) (2018)

NCT02720900 ; registered in November 2015.
Homogenized mixed finite element method for diffusion equations on prismatic meshes (2008)

In this paper, we propose a new mixed finite element (FE) method for diffusion equations on a sequence of two hierarchical polyhedral meshes: a coarse and a fine one. The method is motivated by applications of diffusion equations in basin modelling when the computational domain is a union of ‘horizontal’ layered subdomains and the layers may degenerate. We consider in detail only the case of meshes with distorted and degenerated ‘vertical’ prismatic mesh cells. The discretization on the coarse mesh is derived from the macro-hybrid mixed FE method on the fine mesh with a new definition of the underlying FE spaces. The new mixed FE spaces are subspaces of classical spaces and they are designed by using special homogenization/coarsening algorithms. The accuracy and efficiency of the method is illustrated by numerical results for 2D and 3D diffusion equations.
Fabrication of novel bone haemostasis sheet by using sugar-containing hydroxyapatite and plant-derived polymer (2019)

The fabrication conditions of bone-haemostasis sheet were examined by using (i) phosphoryl oligosaccharides of calcium (POs-Ca), sugar-containing hydroxyapatite (<i>s</i>-Ca<sub>10</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>: <i>s</i>-HAp) derived from POs-Ca and (ii) natural plant-derived polymers (locust bean gum (LBG), guar gum (GG) and alginate (AG)). The sol, which had been prepared by dissolving 2 mass% LBG/GG and 2 mass% AG into 200 cm<sup>3</sup> deionized water and then by agitating at the speed of 20 000 r.p.m., was immersed into 3 mass% POs-Ca solution at room temperature for 24 h; it was hydrothermally treated at 100°C for 5 h, and then freeze-dried at -50°C for 24 h to form porous composite sheet. The microscopic observation showed that the pore sizes were controlled in the range of 5-100 µm by the optimization of LBG/GG ratio. The composite sheet showed the noted uptake of simulated body fluid (1426%) at 37.0°C and also the human blood. Thus, the porous composite sheet was found to be a promising candidate of the bone haemostasis, on the basis of the data of haemostasis, uptake ability of SBF and solubility in acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution.
Local, non-thermal activation of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond with low energy electron beams (2011)

Exposure to beams of low energy electrons (2 to 30 keV) in a scanning electron microscope locally induces formation of NV-centers without thermal annealing in diamonds that have been implanted with nitrogen ions. We find that non-thermal, electron beam induced NV-formation is about four times less efficient than thermal annealing. But NV-center formation in a consecutive thermal annealing step (800C) following exposure to low energy electrons increases by a factor of up to 1.8 compared to thermal annealing alone. These observations point to reconstruction of nitrogen-vacancy complexes induced by electronic excitations from low energy electrons as an NV-center formation mechanism and identify local electronic excitations as a means for spatially controlled room-temperature NV-center formation.
Inhibition of Photosynthesis by a Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic (2010)

Recent microcosm studies have revealed that fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics can have ecotoxicological impacts on photosynthetic organisms, but little is known about the mechanisms of toxicity. We employed a combination of modeling and experimental techniques to explore how FQs may have these unintended secondary toxic effects. Structure-activity analysis revealed that the quinolone ring and secondary amino group typically present in FQ antibiotics may mediate their action as quinone site inhibitors in photosystem II (PS-II), a key enzyme in photosynthetic electron transport. Follow-up molecular simulations involving nalidixic acid (Naldx), a nonfluorinated quinolone with a demonstrated adverse impact on photosynthesis, and ciprofloxacin (Cipro), the most commonly used FQ antibiotic, showed that both may interfere stereochemically with the catalytic activity of reaction center II (RC-II), the pheophytin-quinone-type center present in PS-II. Naldx can occupy the same binding site as the secondary quinone acceptor (Q(B)) in RC-II and interact with amino acid residues required for the enzymatic reduction of Q(B). Cipro binds in a somewhat different manner, suggesting a different mechanism of interference. Fluorescence induction kinetics, a common method of screening for PS-II inhibition, recorded for photoexcited thylakoid membranes isolated from Cipro-exposed spinach chloroplasts, indicated that Cipro interferes with the transfer of energy from excited antenna chlorophyll molecules to the reaction center in RC-II ([Cipro] >or= 5 microM in vitro and >or=10 microM in vivo) and thus delays the kinetics of photoreduction of the primary quinone acceptor (Q(A); [Cipro] >or= 0.6 microM in vitro). Spinach plants exposed to Cipro exhibited severe growth inhibition characterized by a decrease in both the synthesis of leaves and growth of the roots ([Cipro] >or= 0.5 microM in vivo). Our results thus demonstrate that Cipro and related FQ antibiotics may interfere with photosynthetic pathways, in addition to causing morphological deformities in higher plants.
Data from Novel DNA Methylation Biomarker Panel for Detection of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and High-Grade Dysplasia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Current endoscopy-based screening and surveillance programs have not been proven effective at decreasing esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) mortality, creating an unmet need for effective molecular tests for early detection of this highly lethal cancer. We conducted a genome-wide methylation screen to identify novel methylation markers that distinguish EAC and high-grade dysplasia (HGD) from normal squamous epithelium (SQ) or nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus (NDBE).&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;DNA methylation profiling of samples from SQ, NDBE, HGD, and EAC was performed using HM450 methylation arrays (Illumina) and reduced-representation bisulfate sequencing. Ultrasensitive methylation-specific droplet digital PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based bisulfite-sequencing assays were developed to detect the methylation level of candidate CpGs in independent esophageal biopsy and endoscopic brushing samples.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Five candidate methylation markers were significantly hypermethylated in HGD/EAC samples compared with SQ or NDBE (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) in both esophageal biopsy and endoscopic brushing samples. In an independent set of brushing samples used to construct biomarker panels, a four-marker panel (model 1) demonstrated sensitivity of 85.0% and 90.8% for HGD and EACs respectively, with 84.2% and 97.9% specificity for NDBE and SQ respectively. In a validation set of brushing samples, the panel achieved sensitivity of 80% and 82.5% for HGD and EAC respectively, at specificity of 67.6% and 96.3% for NDBE and SQ samples.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;A novel DNA methylation marker panel differentiates HGD/EAC from SQ/NDBE. DNA-methylation–based molecular assays hold promise for the detection of HGD/EAC using esophageal brushing samples.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Difference in Ischemic Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Pigment Epithelium--Derived Factor in Brown Norway and Sprague Dawley Rats Contributing to Different Susceptibilities to Retinal Neovascularization (2002)

The present study compared susceptibilities of Sprague Dawley (SD) and Brown Norway (BN) rats with ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization. An exposure to constant hyperoxia followed by normoxia induced significant retinal neovascularization in BN rats but not in SD rats, as demonstrated by fluorescein retinal angiography, measurement of avascular area, and count of preretinal vascular cells. These results indicate a rat strain difference in susceptibility to retinal neovascularization. To understand the molecular basis responsible for the strain difference, we have measured the levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), an angiogenic inhibitor, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major angiogenic stimulator in the retina. The hyperoxia-treated BN rats showed a significant reduction in retinal PEDF, but they showed a substantial increase of VEGF at both the protein and RNA levels, resulting in an increased VEGF-to-PEDF ratio. Hyperoxia-treated SD rats showed changes in PEDF and VEGF levels that were less in magnitude and of shorter duration than in BN rats. In age-matched normal BN and SD rats, however, there was no detectable difference in the basal VEGF-to-PEDF ratio between the strains. These observations support the idea that different regulation of angiogenic inhibitors and stimulators under ischemia are responsible for the differences in susceptibility to ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization in SD and BN rats.
Hydrogen Recombination over $Pt/TiO_2$ Coated Ceramic Honeycomb Catalyst (2011)

Passive autocatalytic recombiner (PAR) is considered as an explosive gas control system in operating NPP plants. This work investigates and evaluates hydrogen recombination performance over manufactured catalysts. When the space velocity increases, the hydrogen conversion decreased, while hydrogen depletion rate (g/sec) increases highly in 35000~100000 Gas Hourly Space Velocity (GHSV). Hydrogen conversion and depletion rate with Pt loading is investigated. As a result, there were no differences in the hydrogen conversion, but exothermic heating rate (K/sec) is increases as Pt loading increases. The catalyst showes a high hydrogen conversion efficiency of 80% under atmospheric conditions.
Cryptocurrencies in hyperinflationary Venezuela (2021)

This literature review covers hyperinflation in Venezuela, from the 1980s to the present. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of cryptocurrency in the country and how the Venezuelan government has been using crypto, specifically the Petro, as a means to avoid further blunders with hyperinflation. From Hugo Chávez and “Socialism of the 21st Century” to the current regime of Nicolás Maduro, Chávez’ successor, the printing of money in Venezuela has sky-rocketed to the point of the government needing cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin, as a means of circumventing inflation to fund the government’s ambitious social projects. A key element in its success, however, will be whether the Venezuelan people will opt to use the government-backed Petro, or whether they will opt to use a different, decentralized alternative digital currency to avoid the perils of hyperinflation. The paper will examine this issue from several diverse points of view: specifically, the Austrian School (Echarte Fernández, Hernández, &amp; Zambrano, 2018), the neo-Keynesian school (Pagliacci &amp; Barráez, 2010), and public policy and institutional perspective (Corrales, 1999). The use of cryptocurrencies by governments, in particular socialist governments, is a new occurrence and merits much attention for the future of public and monetary policy in those countries.
Nitrogen load of soil in ground water from dairy manure (1971)

Deep drilling of soil profiles in the Chino-Corona dairy area, which has an estimated average NO-3 concentration of about 315 ppm (70 ppm NO3-N) in drainage water underneath croplands and pastures. Predictions for the NO-3 concentration in the drainage water in the unsaturated zone for this disposal rate agree with this determined value. The disposal rate should be lowered to about three to four cows per disposal acre to have an acceptable NO-3 load in the drainage water.
Characterization and developmental regulation of a gene expressed specifically in the skeletogenic lineage of the sea urchin embryo (2013)

The sea urchin embryonic skeleton, or spicule, is deposited by mesenchymal progeny of four precursor cells, the micromeres, which are determined to the skeletogenic pathway by a process known as cytoplasmic localization. A gene encoding one of the major products of the skeletogenic mesenchyme, a prominent 50 kD protein of the spicule matrix, has been characterized in detail. cDNA clones were first isolated by antibody screening of a phage expression library, followed by isolation of homologous genomic clones. The gene, known as SM50, is single copy in the sea urchin genome, is divided into two exons of 213 and 1682 bp, and is expressed only in skeletogenic cells. Transcripts are first detectable at the 120 cell stage, shortly after the segregation of the skeletogenic precursors from the rest of the embryo. The SM50 open reading frame begins within the first exon, is 450 amino acids in length, and contains a loosely repeated 13 amino acid motif rich in acidic residues which accounts for 45% of the protein and which is possibly involved in interaction with the mineral phase of the spicule. The important cis-acting regions of the SM50 gene necessary for proper regulation of expression were identified by gene transfer experiments. A 562 bp promoter fragment, containing 438 bp of 5' promoter sequence and 124 bp of the SM50 first exon (including the SM50 initiation codon), was both necessary and sufficient to direct high levels of expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene specifically in the skeletogenic cells. Removal of promoter sequences between positions -2200 and -438, and of transcribed regions downstream of +124 (including the SM50 intron), had no effect on the spatial or transcriptional activity of the transgenes. Regulatory proteins that interact with the SM50 promoter were identified by the gel retardation assay, using bulk embryo mesenchyme blastula stage nuclear proteins. Five protein binding sites were identified and mapped to various degrees of resolution. Two sites are homologous, may be enhancer elements, and at least one is required for expression. Two additional sites are also present in the promoter of the aboral ectoderm specific cytoskeletal actin gene CyIIIa; one of these is a CCAA T element, the other a putative repressor element. The fifth site overlaps the binding site of the putative repressor and may function as a positive regulator by interfering with binding of the repressor. All of the proteins are detectable in nuclear extracts prepared from 64 cell stage embryos, a stage just before expression of SM50 is initiated, as well as from blastula and gastrula stage; the putative enhancer binding protein may be maternal as well.