gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Depressed Catecholamine and Enhanced Serotonin Metabolism in Aging Male Rats: Possible Relation to Gondotropin Secretion2 (1977)

The steady state concentration of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5HT) was determined and turnover estimated in several brain regions of young (3–4 months) and old (21 months) male Wistar rats. An estimate of DA and NE turnover was obtained by determining their depletion rates after treatment with α-methylpara- tyrosine, a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor. Serotonin turnover was estimated by determining its rate of increase after monoamine oxidase inhibition with pargyline. In old males, medial basal hypothalamic (MBH) DA concentration and depletion rate were significantly lower than in young males. DA concentration of the remaining hypothalamus also was lower in old than in young males, but depletion rates were not different. DA concentration and depletion rate in the olfactory tubercle were the same in both age groups. The steady state concentration of NE in the MBH and remaining hypothalamus, and the hypothalamic NE depletion rate, were significantly lower in old than in young animals. In both brain and hypothalamus, steady state concentrations of 5HT were the same in young and old rats, but by 30 min after monoamine oxidase inhibition with pargyline, hypothalamic, but not brain, 5HT increased more in old than in young males. This may indicate a greater turnover of 5HT in the hypothalamus of old than of young males. In non-drug treated (control) old male rats, serum LH and FSH were lower, serum prolactin was higher and serum TSH was the same in young male rats. These data suggest that a decrease in catecholamine and an increase in serotonin metabolism occur in the hypothalamus of old male rats. These changes may be related to the decrease in release of gonadotropins and increase in release of prolactin observed in these old male rats. (Endocrinology100: 1672, 1977)
Copper uptake in wild type and copper metallothionein-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Kinetics and mechanism. (1990)

The mechanism of copper uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been investigated using a combination of 64Cu2+ and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A wild type copper-resistant CUP 1R-containing strain and a strain carrying a deletion of the CUP1 locus (yeast copper metallothionein) exhibited quantitatively similar saturable energy-dependent 64Cu2+ uptake when cultures were pregrown in copper-free media (medium [Cu] approximately 15 nM). The kinetic constants for uptake by the wild type strain were Vmax = 0.21 nmol of copper/min/mg of protein and Km = 4.4 microM. This accumulation of 64Cu2+ represented net uptake as confirmed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. This uptake was not seen in glucose-starved cells, but was supported in glycerol- and ethanol-grown ones. Uptake was inhibited by both N3- and dinitrophenol and was barely detectable in cultures at 4 degrees C. When present at 50 microM, Zn2+ and Ni2+ inhibited by 50% indicating that this uptake process was relatively selective for Cu2+. 64Cu2+ accumulation was qualitatively and quantitatively different in cultures either grown in or preincubated with cold Cu2+. Either treatment resulted in the appearance of a fast phase (t 1/2 approximately 1 min) of 64Cu2+ accumulation which represented isotopic exchange since it did not lead to an increase in the mass of cell-associated copper; also, it was not energy-dependent. Exchange of 64Cu2+ into this pool was not inhibited by Zn2+. Pretreatment with Cu2+ caused a change in the rate of net accumulation as well; a 3-h incubation of cells in 5 microM medium Cu2+ caused a 1.6-fold increase in the velocity of energy-dependent uptake. Prior addition of cycloheximide abolished this Cu2(+)-dependent increase and, in fact, inhibited the 64Cu2+ uptake velocity by greater than 85%. The exchangeable pool was also absent in cycloheximide, Cu2(+)-treated cells suggesting that exchangeable Cu2+ derived from the copper taken up initially by the energy-dependent process. The thionein deletion mutant was similar to wild type in response to medium Cu2+ and cycloheximide indicating that copper metallothionein is not directly involved in Cu2+ uptake (as distinct from retention) in yeast.
Effectiveness Testing Practices: Educators' Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Their Schools' Standardized Testing Practices. (1997)

This study was designed to collect and then to compare teachers', principals', supervisors', and testing directors' (N=484) ratings of the effectiveness of selected standardized testing program management practices in their schools. It was found that these educators, who were selected for being knowledgeable about their testing programs, rated their schools' performance in standardized testing higher than in meeting other district responsibilities. The highest rated testing practices were use of quality tests and materials, maintenance of pupil records, and use of understandable scores and reports. The lowest rated testing practices were the use of test results to evaluate instruction, availability of written policies, and use of publisher instructional guides accompanying achievement batteries. Comparatively, educators assigned to secondary schools tended to rate the testing practices lower than did their elementary school cohorts; just the ratings of the teachers differed significantly among the various job assignment groups; and the job assignment groups provided similar relative ratings of the testing practices with most Spearman Rho coefficients being +.73 or higher.
Improving the reliability of on-chip data caches under process variations (2007)

On-chip caches take a large portion of the chip area. They are much more vulnerable to parameter variation than smaller units. As leakage current becomes a significant component of the total power consumption, the leakage current variations induced thermal and reliability problem to the on-chip caches become an important design concern. This paper studies the impact of process variations, particular the leakage variations, on the temperature and reliability of on-chip caches. Our statistical simulation shows that, under process variation, 85% of the caches see shortened lifetime, with average lifetime being 81.6% of the ideal cache. At runtime, unevenly distributed dynamic power and the corresponding thermal variation would further deteriorate the situation. To mitigate this problem, we propose a dynamic cache subarray permutation scheme that can alleviate the thermal stress on a high-leakage area to improve the reliability of the caches. Experiments on 17 Spec2k benchmarks show that our scheme can extend the cache lifetime by up to 20.3%, and reduce the peak temperature by 7 degrees on average and more on data-intensive applications.
Enantioselective Synthesis of the Macrocyclic Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Yamataimine (1994)

Abstract Described is a short-step synthesis of optically active yamataimine, a 12-membered pyrrolizidine alkaloid of retronecine type. Methyl (1S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate derived from (R)-(+)-pulegone was converted into the necic acid component required for the synthesis of yamataimine, in a nine-step sequence. Regioselective coupling of (+)-retronecine with the necic acid component via tin-mediated regioselective acylation followed by macrolactonization led to the first synthesis of (+)-yamataimine.
Metadata Statistics for a Large Web Corpus. (2012)

We provide an analysis of the adoption of metadata standards on the Web based a large crawl of the Web. In particular, we look at what forms of syntax and vocabularies publishers are using to mark up data inside HTML pages. We also describe the process that we have followed and the difficulties involved in web data extraction. 1.
A new quasi-single-stage isolated three-phase ZVZCS buck PWM rectifier (2002)

A new quasi-single-stage isolated three-phase zero-voltage/zero-current-switched (ZVZCS) buck PWM rectifier for high-power off-line applications is proposed. It consists of a three-phase buck bridge switching under zero-current and a phase-shift-controlled full-bridge with ZVZCS, while no intermediate DC-link is involved. Input power and displacement factor control, input current shaping, tight output voltage regulation, high-frequency transformer isolation, and soft-switching for all the power devices are realized in a unified single stage. A 6 kW, 50 kHz prototype for telecommunication applications has been developed and preliminary tests for the prototype validates the operation of the proposed rectifier. Simple control, high efficiency and fast dynamics are among its salient features.
Summing Up [Women in IES News] (2020)

Worldwide, the current year has been quite challenging due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its dramatic effects. All of us have had to suddenly change our lives and habits to face such an unexpected global emergency for which we were not prepared. From one day to the next, the luckiest ones, that is, those of us who have not lost our jobs, have had to switch from working on site to smart working. In many cases, smart working has increased the overall productivity of people and teams. For instance, the number of scientific manuscripts submitted to journals during the lockdown has been higher than in normal times. One reason could be that many authors saved time by attending meetings remotely instead of in person, aided by powerful and reliable software platforms, thus saving time that otherwise would be spent in daily commuting to their workplace or abroad.
Handwritten numeral recognition using gradient and curvature of gray scale image (1999)

Studies the use of curvature in addition to the gradient of gray-scale character images in order to improve the accuracy of handwritten numeral recognition. Three procedures, based on the curvature coefficient, biquadratic interpolation and gradient vector interpolation, are proposed for calculating the curvature of the equi-gray-scale curves of an input image. The efficiency of the feature vector is tested by recognition experiments for the handwritten numeral database IPTP CDROM1, which is a ZIP code database provided by the Institute for Posts and Telecommunications Policy (IPTP). The experimental results show the usefulness of the curvature feature, and a recognition rate of 99.40%, which is the highest that has ever been reported for this database, is achieved.
Systems and methods for ultrafast plasmonic response in doped, colloidal nanostructures (2023)

An article of manufacture comprising doped, colloidal nanostructures that are configured to have a plasmonic response to light of a first resonance wavelength.
Cord Blood Derived CD4+CD25high T Cells Become Functional Regulatory T Cells upon Antigen Encounter (2012)

Cord blood harbors a very small subset of CD4(+)CD25(high) Treg cells that requires antigen-stimulation to show expansion and become functional suppressive Tregs.
[Measurement of distances between DNA segments for increasing the effectiveness of sequencing using hybridization on an oligonucleotide matrix]. (1994)

DNA sequencing by hybridization on oligonucleotide matrix (SHOM) makes use of a matrix of immobilized oligonucleotides. Yet the method is not directly applicable for sequencing of fragments with long monotonous repeats. Measurement of the distances between certain segments within the DNA fragment analyzed provide additional information for sequencing. This information can be obtained by digesting DNA with a set of restriction endonucleases, or by PCR with primers complementary to certain DNA regions, with subsequent measurement of the length of the resulting fragments in gel electrophoresis. Use of this additional information increases the reconstruction efficiency and in many cases solves the problem of repeating and monotonous segments within analyzed DNA fragment. The current work presents the use of this information and the estimated efficiency of its usage.
The Relationship Between Focal and Generalized Bone Loss in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2016)

RA patients with bone erosions have significantly lower T-scores at the LS and hips compared with RA patients without erosions. These data suggest a relationship between localized and generalized bone loss in RA.
Fabrication of Total-Contact Burn Masks by Use of Human Body Topography and Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (1995)

Total-contact burn masks are used to treat scar tissue hypertrophy of the face. The mask should conform very closely to the contours of the face and provide evenly distributed pressure. The mask is worn continually throughout wound maturation. Lack of fit because of an inability to obtain exact facial contours by use of an alginate material diminishes the effectiveness of the mask. A multidisciplinary team representing physical therapy, CAD/CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing), biomedical engineering, and prosthetics has advanced the method of developing total-contact burn masks by use of human body electronic imaging, computer graphics, and numerically controlled milling processes. High-resolution surface scanning and CAD/CAM have been used successfully to accurately fabricate three such masks. The methodology and preliminary results from use of these state-of-the-art techniques are described in this article.
Noninvasive imaging of flowing blood cells using label-free spectrally encoded flow cytometry (2012)

Optical microscopy of blood cells in vivo provides a unique opportunity for clinicians and researchers to visualize the morphology and dynamics of circulating cells, but is usually limited by the imaging speed and by the need for exogenous labeling of the cells. Here we present a label-free approach for in vivo flow cytometry of blood using a compact imaging probe that could be adapted for bedside real-time imaging of patients in clinical settings, and demonstrate subcellular resolution imaging of red and white blood cells flowing in the oral mucosa of a human volunteer. By analyzing the large data sets obtained by the system, valuable blood parameters could be extracted and used for direct, reliable assessment of patient physiology.
EZH2 Codon 641 Mutations are Common in BCL2-Rearranged Germinal Center B Cell Lymphomas (2011)

Mutations at codon 641 of EZH2 are recurrent in germinal center B cell lymphomas, and the most common variants lead to altered EZH2 enzymatic activity and enhanced tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27, a repressive chromatin modification. As an initial step toward screening patients for cancer genotype-directed therapy, we developed a screening assay for EZH2 codon 641 mutations amenable for testing formalin-fixed clinical specimens, based on the sensitive SNaPshot single nucleotide extension technology. We detected EZH2 mutations in 12/55 (22%) follicular lymphomas (FL), 5/35 (14%) diffuse large B cell lymphomas with a germinal center immunophenotype (GCB-DLBCL), and 2/11 (18%) high grade B cell lymphomas with concurrent rearrangements of BCL2 and MYC. No EZH2 mutations were detected in cases of Burkitt lymphoma (0/23). EZH2 mutations were frequently associated with the presence of BCL2 rearrangement (BCL2-R) in both the FL (28% of BCL-R cases versus 0% of BCL2-WT cases, p<0.05) and GCB-DLBCL groups (33% of BCL2-R cases versus 4% of BCL2-WT cases, p<0.04), and across all lymphoma types excluding BL (27% of BCL2-R cases versus 3% of BCL2-WT cases, p<0.003). We confirmed gain-of-function activity for all previously reported EZH2 codon 641 mutation variants. Our findings suggest that EZH2 mutations constitute an additional genetic "hit" in many BCL2-rearranged germinal center B cell lymphomas. Our work may be helpful in the selection of lymphoma patients for future trials of pharmacologic agents targeting EZH2 and EZH2-regulated pathways.
Alignment and fixing of fiber optics based on electrothermal MEMS actuators (2005)

An aligning and fixing method for fiber optics is described in this letter. The alignment is performed using a chevron-type thermal microactuator while the fixing is achieved by ultraviolet curing of an epoxy adhesive once the optical fibers are aligned. The microactuator has been extended so that the heaters and the optical adhesive are separated to avoid curing of the adhesive by temperature. A prototype has been fabricated using 80-μm-thick metallized silicon-on-insulator and mechanical and optical results from the alignment of two bare single-mode optical fibers before, during, and after the fixing are presented.
Synthesis of scheelite-type nanocolloidal particles by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and their size distribution analysis (2014)

【A novel pulsed laser ablation process in liquid was investigated to prepare scheelite-type ceramic [calcium tungstate ( $CaWO_4$ ) and calcium molybdate ( $CaMoO_4$ )] nanocolloidal particles. The crystalline phase, particle morphology, particle size distribution, absorbance and optical band-gap were investigated. Stable colloidal suspensions consisting of well-dispersed $CaWO_4$ and $CaMoO_4$ nanoparticles with narrow size distribution could be obtained without any surfactant. Particle tracking analysis using optical microscope combined with image analysis was applied for a fast determination of particle size distribution in the prepared nanocolloidal suspensions. The mean nanoparticle size of $CaWO_4$ and $CaMoO_4$ colloidal nanoparticles were 16 nm and 30 nm, with the standard deviations of 2.1 and 5.2 nm, respectively. The optical absorption edges showed blue-shifted values about 60~70 nm than those of reported in bulk crystals. And also, the estimated optical energy band-gaps of $CaWO_4$ and $CaMoO_4$ colloidal particles were 5.2 and 4.7 eV. The observed band-gap widening and blue-shift of the optical absorbance could be ascribed to the quantum confinement effect due to the very small size of the $CaWO_4$ and $CaMoO_4$ nanocolloidal particles prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid.】
Forward and inverse scattering for discrete one-dimensional lossy and discretized two-dimensional lossless media. (1995)

Forward and inverse scattering for discrete media is developed in two parts. First, the one-dimensional (1-D) scattering problem for lossy (absorbing) media is formulated. A complete digital signal processing (DSP) theory is presented for forward and inverse scattering in discrete (piece wise-constant) lossy media. This generalizes previous work for discrete lossless and continuous lossy media. New feasibility and sufficiency conditions for impulse reflection data are introduced. In addition, new derivations for the discrete Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko and Krein equations for a discrete lossy media are presented. The latter is solvable using the asymmetric Levinson algorithm to completely reconstruct media in a recursive fashion. Application to electromagnetic wave propagation in 1-D and 2-D layered media is discussed along with new reconstruction techniques. Second, a discrete formulation of the two-dimensional (2-D) inverse scattering problem is introduced. The inverse problem for the discretized 2-D Schrodinger equation is formulated and a complete DSP theory is presented. This leads to an important new feasibility condition for scattering data used in 2-D layer stripping algorithms. A new variable mesh finite difference approximation applicable to the variable wave speed problem is developed. Both 1-D and 2-D DSP formulations, consisting of fast algorithms and systems of equations, are discrete counterparts of integral equations and allow exact solutions, without discretization approximations, and include all multiple reflections, transmission scattering losses, and absorption effects.
Supplementary Figures 1-7, Table 1 from Androgen Receptor Splice Variants Mediate Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cell Lines (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 654K, Supplementary Figure 1: Antiandrogens achieve on-target inhibition of full-length AR in 22Rv1 cells Supplementary Figure 2: CWR-R1 cells harboring a 48kb intragenic deletion in AR intron 1 display androgen-independent growth Supplementary Figure 3: Deletion-enriched CWR-R1 cells are resistant to full-length AR targeting Supplementary Figure 4: AKT1 is not an AR-V target in deletion-enriched CWR-R1 cells Supplementary Figure 5: Western blots from biological replicates for microarray analysis with Illumina Beadchips Supplementary Figure 6: Gene networks identified from androgen/AR and AR-V gene lists using Ingeniuty Systems Pathway Analysis Supplementary Figure 7: Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of full-length androgen/AR-specific gene signatures in LNCaP cells Supplementary Table 1: Androgen/AR and AR-V gene lists&lt;/p&gt;
Imaging Quantum Vortices in Superfluid Helium Droplets (2019)

Free superfluid helium droplets constitute a versatile medium for a diverse range of experiments in physics and chemistry that extend from studies of the fundamental laws of superfluid motion to the synthesis of novel nanomaterials. In particular, the emergence of quantum vortices in rotating helium droplets is one of the most dramatic hallmarks of superfluidity and gives detailed access to the wave function describing the quantum liquid. This review provides an introduction to quantum vorticity in helium droplets, followed by a historical account of experiments on vortex visualization in bulk superfluid helium and a more detailed discussion of recent advances in the study of the rotational motion of isolated, nano- to micrometer-scale superfluid helium droplets. Ultrafast X-ray and extreme ultraviolet scattering techniques enabled by X-ray free-electron lasers and high-order harmonic generation in particular have facilitated the in situ detection of droplet shapes and the imaging of vortex structures inside individual, isolated droplets. New applications of helium droplets ranging from studies of quantum phase separations to mechanisms of low-temperature aggregation are discussed.