gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ceramic Composites with Three‐Dimensional Architectures Designed to Produce a Threshold Strength—I. Processing (2005)

A processing method was developed to produce a composite architecture that consisted of polyhedra of one material separated from one another by thin layers of a second material. The materials used for this study were selected so that the material separating the polyhedra would develop large compressive stresses during cooling because of differential thermal contraction. This architecture was developed to determine if it could be used to produce a ceramic composite that exhibited an isotropic threshold strength; a threshold strength has been previously demonstrated for periodic laminates containing thin layers in residual compression. To produce the current architecture, spherical alumina agglomerates were produced by suspending aqueous slurry droplets in an upward flow of a hygroscopic liquid; during the suspension period, the water was absorbed from the droplets, thereby consolidating the particles within an agglomerate. The agglomerates were then coated with thin layers of mullite–alumina using methods commonly employed in the pharmaceutical processing industry. The coated agglomerates were then consolidated into compacts by a two‐step process in which the agglomerates were first uniaxially pressed at low pressure and then isopressed at high pressure. The uniaxial consolidation introduced a small degree of anisotropy into the composite architecture. Edge‐cracking was observed for compressive layers containing 55 vol% mullite, thereby confirming that the appropriate compressive stresses were developed within the architecture.
Information fusion for CB defense applications: Challenge and opportunity (2009)

Information fusion aims at a synergistic exploitation of multiple information sources, to enable decision-making or to enhance its performance. The sources include sensors of various modalities and characteristics, as well as sources which are not sensors. We discuss the challenges of information fusion, technical directions and approaches that can cope with those challenges, and the opportunities those approaches enable. Several research and development efforts conducted at MIT Lincoln Laboratory over the recent years in the area of information fusion for chemical-biological defense serve as the backdrop for that discussion.
Inertial lift on a moving sphere in contact with a plane wall in a shear flow (1995)

In this paper we calculate the lift force on a smooth sphere rotating and translating in a simple shear flow in contact with a rigid wall. The calculation involves only known creeping flow solutions and is presented in terms of six different coefficients, each arising as a result of a pairwise combination of the translational velocity, rotational velocity, and the imposed shear flow. The results obtained agree well with those of Cherukat and McLaughlin [J. Fluid Mech. 263, 1 (1994a); and (personal communication, 1994b)], extrapolated for the case of zero separation distance. The calculated lift is further integrated into a force and torque balance on a non-neutrally buoyant rough sphere moving in contact with a plane. It is found that if the shear Reynolds number Re is sufficiently large, the lift force exceeds the gravitational force and the sphere separates from the plane. The increased separation is accompanied by an increase in the translational velocity U of the sphere and a corresponding decrease in the lift force due to the negative shear-translation coefficient, ultimately resulting in the sphere acquiring some steady separation distance. The equilibrium separation distance and velocity are plotted as a function of the parameter Re2/Res, where Res is the sedimentation Reynolds number.
Using Records to Evaluate Production (2002)

Evaluating production is necessary, but sometimes hard, because everyone has a different idea of what constitutes good milk yield.Everyone has different likes, dislikes, and goals.For me it becomes a problem when I try to tell someone their milk production is too low without arousing hard feelings that are counterproductive to the discussion.However, there are certain things I look at when evaluating someone's production that I feel are important.These areas are:
Edoxaban for the Long‐Term Therapy of Venous Thromboembolism: Should the Criteria for Dose Reduction be Revised? (2020)

Edoxaban is used for venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment. Real-life data are lacking about its use in long-term therapy. We aimed to assess the efficacy and the safety of edoxaban for long-term VTE treatment in a real-life setting. Patients with VTE included in the Registro Informatizado Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) registry, receiving edoxaban 60 or 30 mg daily were prospectively followed up to validate the benefit of using different dosages. The main outcome was the composite of VTE recurrences or major bleeding in patients with or without criteria for dose reduction. Multivariable analysis to identify predictors for the composite outcome was performed. From October 2015 to November 2019, 562 patients received edoxaban for long-term therapy. Most (94%) of the 416 patients not meeting criteria for dose reduction received 60 mg daily, and 92 patients meeting criteria (63%) received 30 mg daily. During treatment, two patients developed recurrent VTE, six had major bleeding and nine died (2 from fatal bleeding). Among patients not meeting criteria for dose reduction, those receiving 30 mg daily had a higher rate of the composite event (hazard ratio (HR) 8.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-42.4) and a significant higher mortality rate (HR 31.1; 95% CI 4.63-262) than those receiving 60 mg. Among patients meeting criteria for dose reduction, those receiving 60 mg daily had no events, and a nonsignificantly higher mortality rate (HR 5.04; 95% CI 0.54-133) than those receiving 30 mg daily. In conclusion, edoxaban seems to be effective and safe for long-term VTE treatment in real life. Criteria for dose reduction should be reformulated.
Unconventional prosthodontics: Post, core and crown technique (2007)

Background and Objective: Endodontically treated teeth, over-zealously prepared teeth, teeth with crowns seated on carious dentin, secondary spread of decay underneath an existing crown or trauma - all these can lead to partial or complete coronal fractures of the teeth with or without damage to the existing prosthetic crowns. Clinicians often have to deal with these prosthetic emergencies in their daily practices and quite often due to budgetary and time constraints that result in having a protracted struggle for themselves and the prosthetic patient; this is due to lack of quick laboratory support and/or the absence of CAD CAM ceramic systems. This article describes one such emergency clinical situation that is treated by adopting an unconventional technique and achieving acceptable success. Materials and Methods: A case of anterior tooth trauma resulting in the fracture of the coronal portions of the tooth along with the existing ceramic crown was successfully rehabilitated adopting an unconventional treatment protocol; the technique involved the utilization of the existing ceramic crown as a mold and then retrospectively the construction of a core in order to finally support the existing ceramic restoration. The undamaged ceramic crown was simply cemented back onto the newly constructed core. Discussion and Conclusion: Modern day dental practices are equipped with state-of-the art technologies such as CAD/CAM ceramic systems that can repair or remake -ceramics restorations as mere chair-side procedures today, thereby greatly saving time and the frequency of visits for both the patient and the dentist. However, the costs of such systems are huge and are not feasible in all practices. A relatively inexpensive, unconventional technique was adopted in rehabilitating one such prosthetic emergency with satisfactory acceptable success establishing both esthetics and patient satisfaction.
A novel CO2- and SO2-tolerant dual phase composite membrane for oxygen separation (2015)

A novel dual phase composite oxygen transport membrane (Al0.02Ga0.02Zn0.96O1.02-Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95-δ) was successfully prepared and tested. This membrane shows chemical stability against CO2 and SO2, and stable oxygen permeation over 300 hours in CO2 was demonstrated. ZnO is cheap and non-toxic and is therefore highly advantageous compared to other common materials used for this purpose.
Urea Nitrogen in Serum and Vitreous Humor of White-Tailed Deer (1988)

Thomas J. DeLiberto, James A. Pfister, Stephen Demarais, Ulysses S. Seal, Urea Nitrogen in Serum and Vitreous Humor of White-Tailed Deer, The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Oct., 1988), pp. 599-601
Surface Active Agents. (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface Active Agents.Anthony M. Schwartz, James W. Perry, and F. E. BartellCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1949, 53, 9, 1467Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1949https://doi.org/10.1021/j150474a016Request reuse permissions Article Views445Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (103 KB) Get e-Alerts
Flavor Characteristics of Cis -3-Nonenal in Beer (1994)

The flavor threshold of cis-3-nonenal in beer was determined to be 0.5 μg/L by the ascending method of limits test. The flavor imparted by cis-3-nonenal was not a cardboard flavor but a soybean-oil-like flavor. Various concentrations of cis-3-nonenal were added to fresh beer, which was then stored at 5°C. After one day of storage, the flavor intensity of the sample containing the added substance had increased and the beer was considered to have a cardboard flavor. An analytical method was developed to determine the independent concentrations of cis-3-nonenal and trans-2-nonenal in beer. Fresh bottled beer was aged at 38° C for eight days, and the concentrations of cis-3-nonenal and trans-2-nonenal were determined during the storage period. In fresh beer, a concentration of 0.05 μg/L of trans-2-nonenal was detected, but cis-3-nonenal could not be detected. During storage, the concentration of trans-2-nonenal continued to increase; however, cis-3-nonenal was not detected.
PROMISING TRENDS IN DESIGNING EFFECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER SURFACES (2023)

Analysis is made of the modern trends in heat transfer enhancement in channels with reference to different-purpose compact heat exchange apparatuses. Requirements are formulated for high-effective heating surfaces and, bearing this in mind, different methods of heat transfer enhancement are analyzed. It is show that the methods of artificial flow turbulization which are based on a detailed analysis of the flow structure can give the most advantageous results.<br> Consideration is made of the specific features of the method of heat transfer enhancement which has been developed at the Moscow Aviation Institute. The results of several year's investigations are presented on heat transfer enhancement in gas and liquid channel flow, at film and surface boiling, at film, drop and film-drop condensation, at vapour condensation of vapour-gas mixtures, as well as under fouling conditions. Introduction of the developed heat transfer enhancement method allowed both a 1.5 &#247; 2.5 - fold reduction of a heating surface at prescribed heat power and pumping power of heat carrier and improvement of the performance parameters of heat exchangers due to reducing scaling and contamination in them.
Kinetics and Reactor Design Aspects of Selective Methanation of CO over a Ru/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst in CO2/H2 Rich Gases (2019)

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for household applications utilize H2 produced from natural gas via steam reforming followed by a water gas shift (WGS) unit. The H2-rich gas contains CO2 and small amounts of CO, which is a poison for PEMFCs. Today, CO is mostly converted by addition of O2 and preferential oxidation, but H2 is then also partly oxidized. An alternative is selective CO methanation, studied in this work. CO2 methanation is then a highly unwanted reaction, consuming additional H2. The kinetics of CO methanation in CO2/H2 rich gases were studied with a home-made Ru catalyst in a fixed bed reactor at 1 bar and 160–240 °C. Both CO and CO2 methanation can be well described by a Langmuir Hinshelwood approach. The rate of CO2 methanation is slow compared to CO. CO2 is directly converted to methane, i.e., the indirect route via reverse water gas shift (WGS) and subsequent CO methanation could be excluded by the experimental data and in combination with kinetic considerations. Pore diffusion may affect the CO conversion (&gt;200 °C). The kinetic equations were applied to model an adiabatic fixed bed methanation reactor of a fuel cell appliance.
A New Simulation Model for a Comprehensive Evaluation of Yard Truck Deployment Strategies at Marine Container Terminals (2016)

Taking into account increasing volumes of the international seaborne trade and increasing port congestion, marine container terminal operators have to improve efficiency of their operations in order to provide timely service of vessels and avoid product delivery delays to customers. This paper focuses on improvement of container transfer operations between the seaside and the marshaling yard and proposes five yard truck deployment strategies. Performance of the considered marine container terminal is evaluated under each one of the yard truck deployment strategies via simulation. Different performance indicators are estimated to determine how the suggested yard truck deployment strategies will affect all equipment types, involved in container handling and transfer. Results from the extensive simulation experiments showcase that all five yard truck deployment strategies provide similar values of vessel service and quay crane performance indicators, while the shortest distance based yard truck deployment strategy yields superior gantry crane and yard truck performance indicators. The worst values of performance indicators are recorded for the random yard truck deployment strategy. Furthermore, the developed simulation model can serve as an efficient planning tool for marine container terminal operators and enhance productivity of the available equipment.
Fast Plane Parameter Estimation From Stereo Images (2007)

For controlling a vehicle or a mobile robot which moves around on the ground, to estimate the plane parameters (i.e. the distance and plane normal) of the ground plane is an important issue. In this paper, we propose an efficient and robust method for plane parameter estimation from stereo images. Our approach is based on a “direct” method, which makes full use of pixel data in two image regions, for estimating the plane parameters. We formulate a fast direct method for the plane parameters by incorporating inverse compositional expression into the SSD function between two images. The proposed method is about eight times faster than the conventional method without loss of precision, and has the advantage of more robustness and efficiency to a method based on the ICIA algorithm of homography estimation. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated through experiments using synthetic and real images. 1.
An Investigation of the Exercise Capacity of the Wheelchair Sports USA Team (1999)

Abstract This investigation collected descriptive data on selected metabolic and cardiorespiratory parameters for Wheelchair Sports-USA (WS-USA) Elite and Developmental Team members to determine if differences in these parameters occurred between arm-crank ergometry (ACE) and wheelchair ergometry (WCE). Fifteen men with paraplegia, seven women with paraplegia, four men with tetraplegia, and three women with tetraplegia were tested. Multiple t-tests were used to determine if there were significant differences between responses to the two modes of exercise and also to compare athletes by disability etiology (tetraplegia versus paraplegia), gender, and training base (aerobic versus anaerobic). Both modes of exercise (ACE, WCE) elicited similar peak metabolic responses. Although some individuals responded differently to the two tests, none of the groupings showed significant differences (p > 0.05). Metabolic values show some dependence on gender and disability etiology. The results indicate that WS-USA team members in general are quite aerobically fit. Some athletes in anaerobic sports could benefit from aerobic exercise. Key Words: Wheelchair athleteWheelchair sportsExercise physiologyFitness
Gd-Labeled Glycol Chitosan as a pH-Responsive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agent for Detecting Acidic Tumor Microenvironments (2013)

Neoplastic lesions can create a hostile tumor microenvironment with low extracellular pH. It is commonly believed that these conditions can contribute to tumor progression as well as resistance to therapy. We report the development and characterization of a pH-responsive magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent for imaging the acidic tumor microenvironment. The preparation included the conjugation of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid 1-(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl) ester (DOTA-NHS) to the surface of a water-soluble glycol chitosan (GC) polymer, which contains pH-titrable primary amines, followed by gadolinium complexation (GC-NH2-GdDOTA). GC-NH2-GdDOTA had a chelate-to-polymer ratio of approximately1:24 and a molar relaxivity of 9.1 mM(-1) s(-1). GC-NH2-GdDOTA demonstrated pH-dependent cellular association in vitro compared to the control. It also generated a 2.4-fold enhancement in signal in tumor-bearing mice 2 h postinjection. These findings suggest that glycol chitosan coupled with contrast agents can provide important diagnostic information about the tumor microenvironment.
Free‐breathing, non‐ECG, continuous myocardial T1 mapping with cardiovascular magnetic resonance multitasking (2018)

Multitasking T<sub>1</sub> mapping can quantify native T<sub>1</sub> and ECV in the myocardium with free-breathing, non-ECG, continuous scans with good image quality and good repeatability in vivo in healthy subjects, and correlation with MOLLI T<sub>1</sub> and ECV in acute myocardial infarction patients.
Auditory, Visual, and Auditory-Visual Recognition of Consonants by Children with Normal and Impaired Hearing (1972)

The consonants /b, d, g, k, m, n, p, t/ were presented to normal-hearing, severely hearing-impaired, and profoundly deaf children through auditory, visual, and combined auditory-visual modalities. Through lipreading alone, all three groups were able to discriminate between the places of articulation (bilabial, alveolar, velar) but not within each place category. When they received acoustic information only, normal-hearing children recognized the consonants nearly perfectly, and severely hearing-impaired children distinguished accurately between voiceless plosives, voiced plosives, and nasal consonants. However, the scores of the profoundly deaf group were low, and they perceived even voicing and nasality cues unreliably. Although both the normal-hearing and the severely hearing-impaired groups achieved nearly perfect recognition scores through simultaneous auditory-visual reception, the performance of the profoundly deaf children was only slightly better than that which they demonstrated through lipreading alone.
Olefin Epoxidation Catalyzed by Titanium–Salalen Complexes: Synergistic H2O2 Activation by Dinuclear Ti Sites, Ligand H-Bonding, and π-Acidity (2021)

Titanium–salalen complexes have recently solved a long-standing problem in homogeneous epoxidation catalysis by enabling the selective catalytic epoxidation of terminal, nonconjugated olefins with hydrogen peroxide. In this work, we disclose the mechanism of this intriguing catalyst system, based on XRD analyses, kinetic studies, and NMR elucidation of intermediate structures, complemented by DFT computations. Titanium–salalen catalysts are typically prepared/stored as bis-μ-oxo or μ-oxo-μ-peroxo dimers. Under reaction conditions, while the μ-oxo bridged catalyst dimers remain intact, the epoxidation occurs through an octahedral, yet altered, coordination geometry of the homochiral monomeric subunits. This catalytically active coordination mode is accessed by a slow pre-equilibrium, involving uptake of hydrogen peroxide, and subsequent rearrangement of the coordination sphere of the dinuclear complex. This configuration allows a three-pronged electrophilic activation of hydrogen peroxide, which enables oxygen transfer by the joint action of (i) the Lewis acidic titanium center, (ii) H-bond donation by the ligand’s NH, and (iii) π-chalcogen interaction with the ligand’s pentafluorophenyl moieties. This efficient activation of H2O2 by a dinuclear site parallels recent findings on the active sites of the industrial heterogeneous titanium silicalite TS-1 catalyst.
Selective spectral filtration with nanoparticles for concentrating solar collectors (2015)

A spectral fluid filter for potential use in hybrid photovoltaic/thermal concentrating solar collectors has been developed, targeting maximum absorption above and transmission below a desired wavelength. In this application, the temperature-dependent bandgap of the potential solar cell is used in the optimization of the filter. Dispersing a mix of colloidal nanoparticles in a heat transfer fluid is shown to absorb 86% of sub-bandgap insolation while absorbing only 18% above bandgap insolation. Transmission above bandgap light would be directly absorbed into the photovoltaic (PV) cell while absorbed photons transfer energy directly into the heat transfer fluid ultimately reducing the number of heat transfer steps. Placement of a filter in front of the PV cell is shown to decrease losses by converting an additional 2% of the total solar energy into thermal energy since it allows recollection of light reflected off the receiver.
FREEWAY INCIDENT DETECTION USING FUZZY ART (ADAPTIVE RESONANCE THEORY) (1998)

Pattern Recognition techniques such as artificial neural networks continue to offer potential solutions to many of the existing problems associated with freeway incident detection algorithms. This study focuses on the application of Fuzzy ART (Adaptive Resonance Theory) neural networks to incident detection on freeways. Unlike back propagation models, Fuzzy ART is capable of fast stable learning of recognition categories. It is an incremental approach that has the potential for online implementation. Fuzzy ART is trained with traffic patterns that are represented by 30-second loop detector data of occupancy, speed, or a combination of both. To reduce the false alarm rate that results from occasional misclassification of traffic patterns, a persistence time period of 3 minutes was arbitrarily selected. The algorithm performance improves when the temporal size of traffic patterns increases from one to two 30-second periods for all traffic parameters. An interesting finding is that the speed patterns produced better results than occupancy patterns. However, when combined in one pattern, occupancy and speed patterns yield the best results with 100% detection rate and 0.07% false alarm rate.