gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Monthly 120 Mg Denosumab on Bone Metabolism in Bone-metastatic Prostate Cancer Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy (2017)

Background: While semiannual 60 mg denosumab is a common treatment for osteoporosis, impact of monthly 120 mg denosumab, the common treatment protocol for bone metastases from solid tumors, on bone metabolism is unclear.Materials and Methods: We reviewed 15 patients with bone-metastatic prostate cancer who initiated monthly 120 mg denosumab in conjunction with androgen deprivation therapy between 2013 and 2014. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at lumbar spine and femoral neck using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), before treatment and annually thereafter. Bone metabolism markers, including urine N-terminal telopeptide (uNTx) and bone type alkaline phosphatase (BAP), were monitored monthly.Results: Twelve of 15 (80%) patients had evaluable DXA before treatment, and of them, eight underwent DXA after a year of initiation without discontinuation of denosumab. Percent changes in BMD from baseline were +6.2% at lumbar spine and +7.6% at femoral neck, both of which were significant increases (both P&lt;0.01). Bone metabolism markers were evaluable in 11 (73%) patients: uNTx decreased rapidly, while BAP declined gradually after initiating denosumab. These effects were similar to those seen by the standardized dose for osteoporosis in previous literature. There were no denosumab-related severe adverse events during the follow-up period. Conclusions: The impact of monthly 120 mg denosumab on bone metabolism was significant, but almost equivalent to that of the standard dose for osteoporosis (60mg semiannually) in bone-metastatic prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. Whereas the higher dose has reportedly reduced skeleton-related events, the effect on bone metabolism seemed plateaued or showed no dose-dependency.
STROMAL CELLS RESPONSIBLE FOR TRANSFERRING THE MICROENVIRONMENT OF THE HEMOPOIETIC TISSUES (1974)

SUMMARY Stromsil precursors ran bo detected in populations of homopoietic cells by their ability to form fibroblast colonies (clones) in monolayer cultures. The stable colony-forming efficiency is reached when the initial density of explanted bone marrow or spleen cells is not less than 104 cells/cm2 or when irradiated bone marrow cells are added in the capacity of a supplementary feeder. The clonogenic cells belong to slowly proliferating and extremely adhesive homopoietic tissue cells. Their radiation survival curve has a D0 of 178 R. Fibroblast strains originating by successive passages in vitro of cells from the initial colonies retain the capacity to form stromal tissue characteristic of the corresponding hemopoietic organ; retransplantation under the kidney capsule results in the formation of bone populated with myoloid cells when the fibroblasts are transplanted from bone marrow cultures, and reticular tissue populated with lymphoid cells when the fibroblasts are transplanted from spleen cultures. It is concluded that stromal precursors are the cells responsible for the transfer of the microenvironmont typical of the given homopoiotic tissue.
Rectangular co-ordinate interleaved orthogonal designs (2004)

Space-time block codes (STBC) from orthogonal designs (OD), quasi-orthogonal designs (QOD) and co-ordinate interleaved orthogonal designs (CIOD) have been attracting wider attention due to their amenability for fast (single-symbol decoding for OD, CIOD and double-symbol decoding for QOD) ML decoding, and rate-one with full-rank over quasi-static fading channels. The importance of CIOD is due to the fact that, rate-one, full-rank, square ODs for arbitrary complex constellations exist only for 2 transmit antennas while such a CIOD exists for 2,3 and 4 transmit antennas with a slight restriction on the complex constellations (Zafar Ali Khan and B. Sundar Rajan, Proc. IEEE ISIT 2002, p.275, 2002; DRDO-IISc Tech. Report No. TR-PME-2002-17, 2002). These limitations motivate study of rectangular (non-square) designs. One way of obtaining rectangular designs is by deleting columns from square or non-square ODs or CIODs. We present a new construction of rectangular single-symbol decodable designs that have higher maximum mutual information than those obtained by deleting columns of CIODs and has lower peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR). Simulation results are presented for three and five transmit antennas and compared with that of OD, QOD, CIOD to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed rectangular designs.
Measured energy content of frequently purchased restaurant meals: multi-country cross sectional study (2018)

Very high dietary energy content of both full service and fast food restaurant meals is a widespread phenomenon that is probably supporting global obesity and provides a valid intervention target.
Table S2 from ZIP9 Is a Druggable Determinant of Sex Differences in Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Features and statistical significance of the survival analyses extracted from OSskm&lt;/p&gt;
Fast JND-Based Video Carving With GPU Acceleration for Real-Time Video Retargeting (2009)

A recently developed image resizing technique, seam carving, has been proved to be a useful tool for content-adaptive spatially nonuniform image resizing with the purpose of optimal display on a screen of reduced resolution or different aspect ratio. In this paper, we present a fast algorithm for real-time content-aware video retargeting based on the improved seam carving method proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm is designed to be highly parallelizable and suitable for running on a multicore architecture. First, two novel operators, i.e., seam update and seam split, are introduced to analyze an image for detecting the local and global seams with minimum costs very efficiently. With these operators, parallel processing can be achieved to determine multiple seams simultaneously. In addition, the saliency measure is extended with a just-noticeable-distortion model which makes the resized video more consistent with human perception. We demonstrate the efficiency of the above new components with a graphics processing unit (GPU) implementation. In addition, the proposed fast seam carving algorithm is extended for video retargeting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper based on the seam carving method to achieve real-time video retargeting on a GPU. Experimental results on video sequences of various characteristics are demonstrated to show the superior performance of the proposed algorithm in comparison with the existing content-adaptive image/video resizing methods.
Structural characteristics of isoxazol-3-ol and isothiazol-3-ol, carboxy group bioisosteres examined by X-ray crystallography and ab initio calculations (1997)

Low-temperature single-crystal structure determinations have been carried out on isoxazol-3-ol, 5-methyl-isoxazol-3-ol, isothiazol-3-ol and 5-methylisothiazol-3-ol, the heterocyclic ring systems used as carboxy group bioisosteres in numerous neuroactive analogues of 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamic acid. All compounds form hydrogen-bonded dimers in the solid state. The OH · · · N hydrogen bonds are shorter in isoxazol-3-ols than in isothiazol-3-ols. The excess molecular van der Waals volume of the sulfur-containing ring systems as compared to the corresponding isoxazol-3-ols amounts to about 15%. The sulfur substitution significantly affects the position of the 5-substituents in relation to the heterocyclic ring. Such effects may contribute to the observed differences in pharmacological effects of the structurally related isoxazol-3-ol and isothiazol-3-ol amino acids. The geometries of the compounds have been optimized by ab initio calculations at the HF/6-31G* level, and in some cases also at the MP2/6-311G** level. The gas-phase calculations are in agreement with the experimental data, especially when correction for the effects of hydrogen bonding is made, as estimated using a complex between isoxazol-3-ol and formic acid. Calculated dipole moments of isoxazol-3-ols and isothiazol-3-ols are similar. Isoxazol-3-ol is more acidic than isothiazol-3-ol by 1.7 pKa unit as determined by 13C NMR titration, and the differences in acidity are believed to be one of the major factors causing the differences in the biological actions of isoxazol-3-ol amino acids and the corresponding isothiazol-3-ol analogues.
Periphere Fazialisparese als Erstsymptom eines metastasierenden Bronchialkarzinoms (2006)

Therefore, therapy resistant facial palsy should be further diagnosed in detail, especially examined by imaging procedures.
A First-in-Human Study of Novel Cereblon Modulator Avadomide (CC-122) in Advanced Malignancies (2018)

Avadomide monotherapy demonstrated acceptable safety and favorable pharmacokinetics in patients with solid tumors, NHL, and multiple myeloma. In addition, 3 objective responses were observed in NHL.
ChemInform Abstract: Unsaturated Nitriles: Precursors for a Domino Ozonolysis—Aldol Synthesis of Oxonitriles. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Auricular Reconstruction for Microtia: Part I. Anatomy, Embryology, and Clinical Evaluation (2002)

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: (1) Understand external ear anatomy and embryology. (2) Develop an approach to evaluation of microtia, including otologic considerations.
N-Vinylamides and Reduction of Oxygen Inhibition in Photopolymerization of Simple Acrylate Formulations (2003)

Cyclic N-vinylamides were found to increase the maximum relative rates of photopolymerization of hexanedioldiacrylate formulations at low light intensities under nitrogen and dramatically under air, while acyclic N-vinylamides and cyclic N-alkylamides were found to have much smaller, though still significant, effects in air. The combination of the cyclic aliphatic amide and N-vinylamide functionalities generally resulted in the maximum benefit for reduction of oxygen inhibition resulting in rapid rates of polymerization in air at low light intensities. While the complete mechanistic explanation of the rate enhancement is still unclear, several possible mechanistic pathways are discussed.
Soot Deposition and Gravitational Settling Modeling and the Impact of Particle Size and Agglomeration (2014)

Soot concentrations are generally over predicted during the typical application of fire models. The addition of soot deposition and gravitational settling mechanisms to Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) results in improved predictions; however, those predictions are highly dependent upon assumptions of soot particle size. Large particle sizes appear to be needed to get FDS predictions on soot concentration to match measured data. Simple predictions of (and experimental data on) aerosol agglomeration show that compartment fires can result in significant amount of large particles sizes; however, the simple predictions do not fully account for the particle sizes needed to match the measured data. Recommendations on additional research and data collection are made to develop improved soot modeling capabilities.
Interfaces, modularity and path lengths: the costs of implementing OSI transport (2002)

Performance of communication software is influenced both by the underlying protocol architecture and by implementation. The debate as to which of the two kinds of factors dominates the overall performance has been going on for many years. The author discusses this issue by reporting on detailed performance measurements of his experimental OSI transport system. He focuses on the analysis and classification of the path lengths involved during data transfer, obtaining insight into the relative costs of protocol functions versus system-level design and implementation choices. His main conclusion is that adherence to general-purpose protocol standards is not the true bottleneck. The desire to provide a flexible general-purpose portable implementation with open inter-layer interfaces causes most of the overhead.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Functional Level Primitives in Test Generation (1980)

This paper deals with the use and development of high-level (functional) primitive logic elements for use in a system which automatically generates tests for complex sequential circuits. The concept of solution sequences to test problems for primitive elements is introduced and a functional language used to describe solution sequences is presented. Functional test generation models for two basic elements, a shift register and a counter, are derived, including procedures for implication, D-drive and line justification. Primitive algorithms which generate single as well as multivector (sequences) solutions to D-drive and line justification problems are presented.
Liver iron sensing and body iron homeostasis (2018)

The liver orchestrates systemic iron balance by producing and secreting hepcidin. Known as the iron hormone, hepcidin induces degradation of the iron exporter ferroportin to control iron entry into the bloodstream from dietary sources, iron recycling macrophages, and body stores. Under physiologic conditions, hepcidin production is reduced by iron deficiency and erythropoietic drive to increase the iron supply when needed to support red blood cell production and other essential functions. Conversely, hepcidin production is induced by iron loading and inflammation to prevent the toxicity of iron excess and limit its availability to pathogens. The inability to appropriately regulate hepcidin production in response to these physiologic cues underlies genetic disorders of iron overload and deficiency, including hereditary hemochromatosis and iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia. Moreover, excess hepcidin suppression in the setting of ineffective erythropoiesis contributes to iron-loading anemias such as β-thalassemia, whereas excess hepcidin induction contributes to iron-restricted erythropoiesis and anemia in chronic inflammatory diseases. These diseases have provided key insights into understanding the mechanisms by which the liver senses plasma and tissue iron levels, the iron demand of erythrocyte precursors, and the presence of potential pathogens and, importantly, how these various signals are integrated to appropriately regulate hepcidin production. This review will focus on recent insights into how the liver senses body iron levels and coordinates this with other signals to regulate hepcidin production and systemic iron homeostasis.
TARGETED THERAPY WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (mAbs) (1993)

Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York, U.S.A.
[Expressions and time-dependent changes of FAK and phospho-FAK during skin incised wound healing in mouse]. (2008)

Both FAK and p-FAK displayed a time-dependent expression during skin incised wound healing in mouse, with p-FAK being superior to FAK. Both FAK and p-FAK may potentially be used as new markers for determination of the wound interval.
A Discrete, Stochastic Model and Correction Method for Bacterial Source Tracking (2007)

We have developed a model to test several underlying assumptions of bacterial source tracking (BST) when the BST method is based on detection of discrete genetic markers from source-specific bacteria. The model consists of an environment and discrete-time input signals that represent sources of contamination partitioned into marker-bearing and nonmarker-bearing units "shed" into the environment. Simulations run for different types of environmental contamination patterns indicate that if hosts shed different percentages of BST markers, the environment cannot be accurately characterized unless a correction method is used. The correction method, which requires the solution to a linear system, reduces the mean error in estimating the proportions of host contamination to below 3%. The effectiveness of the method depends on accurate knowledge of the occurrence and prevalence of markers in the various hosts; this may be a challenging task, especially if these values vary across populations in space and time. In addition, the correction method does not compensate for environments with low-density or unmixed contamination. In conclusion, our simulations highlight several fundamental challenges that may prevent absolute quantification of fecal input using discrete marker BST.
Determination of 14 amines in air samples using midget impingers sampling followed by analysis with ion chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry (2012)

An Ion Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (IC-MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of 14 volatile amines in air. The method includes collection of compounds into two midget impingers in a row filled with 15 ml of ultrapure water. The analytical performances with mass spectrometry detection were compared to those obtained with classical conductivity detection. The use of mass spectrometry detection (in SIM mode) overcomes most of the coelutions encountered with conductivity detection. Although the linearity domain of calibrations is reduced for the MS detection as compared with the CD detection, the detection limits in MS detection are highly lowered allowing the quantification of amines at the levels of μg m(-3) in air with a good accuracy for most compounds (RSD of less than 10%). This method was successfully applied to the analysis of amines released from polyurethane foams. Seven amines were identified and some in high concentrations, like dimethylaminoethanol, NIAX and TEDA.
Flow Rate and Apparent Volume of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) Based on the Pharmacokinetics of Intrathecally Administered Inulin (2020)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow rate and volume are fundamental to the design and interpretation of preclinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies in NHP. To determine the values of CSF flow rate and volume, we evaluated the plasma and CSF pharmacokinetics of inulin, an inert polysaccharide tracer, in 5 rhesus macaques with CSF ventricular res- ervoirs and lumbar ports; these reservoirs and ports facilitate humane intrathecal administration and serial CSF sampling in unanesthetized macaques. Inulin was administered intrathecally via the CSF ventricular reservoir ( n = 3), followed by the collection of lumbar CSF via the lumbar port and plasma. The contribution of dietary inulin was evaluated by using pre- and postprandial inulin plasma concentrations ( n = 2) and a feed analysis of the NHP diet. Inulin concentrations were quantified using ELISA. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using noncompartmental methods. Daily diet was analyzed for inulin by using Official Method no. 997.08 of AOAC International. In male rhesus macaques, the mean CSF flow rate, established via inulin clearance after IT administration, was 0.018 ± 0.003 mL/min; mean CSF volume, established based on apparent volume of distribution, was 10.17 ± 0.63 mL. In plasma, inulin was quantifiable in all pre-administration samples and increased over the sampling period, precluding interpretation of plasma pharmacokinetics. Evaluation of the effect of diet on plasma concentrations established quantifiable inulin levels that showed minimal variation relative to the prandial state. Analysis of the feed detected 5 inulin types ranging from 1100 to 1440 mg per100 g. The diet was the source of detectable pre-administration inulin plasma concentrations, whereas inulin was not detected in CSF before inulin administration.
LOCALIZATION AND HORMONAL REGULATION OF THE NON-SPECIFIC LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN (STEROL CARRIER PROTEIN2) IN THE RAT TESTIS (1986)

In testis tissue from mature rats the non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP), also called sterol carrier protein2 (SCP2), is concentrated in the Leydig cells and cannot be detected in Sertoli cells or germinal cells. Conclusions were reached after cell fractionation studies with normal testis tissue and after selective destruction of Leydig cells or germinal cells in vivo. The amount of nsLTP (SCP2) in testis tissue increased twofold 48 h after two daily injections of human chorionic gonadotrophin (100 i.u., s.c.) and decreased twofold after plasma luteinizing hormone levels were suppressed to almost undetectable levels with silicone elastomer implants containing testosterone. The specific localization in the Leydig cells and the luteinizing hormone-dependent cellular concentration of nsLTP/SCP2 support the possibility that this protein could play a role in the regulation of steroidogenesis by regulating the availability of cholesterol for the P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme in the mitochondria of Leydig cells.
Generalized rate equations and modulation characteristics of external-cavity semiconductor lasers (1984)

Modulation characteristics such as the power response and the dynamic frequency shift (chirp) of an external-cavity semiconductor laser are analyzed using a set of generalized rate equations for a single longitudinal mode selected by the coupled-cavity device. The general formalism is applied to the specific case where the external cavity consists of a rod of graded-index material (GRINROD cavity). Particular attention is paid to the chirp reduction and its optimization in the presence of intercavity coupling. The results are in reasonable agreement with the recent experimental observations.
Antenna Pattern Impact on MIMO OTA Testing (2013)

This paper investigates the impact of the DUT antenna pattern on the test area performance for multi-probe based MIMO OTA setup in terms of received voltage and spatial correlation. The plane wave synthesis (PWS) technique has been proposed for vertical polarization in the literature, where the goal is to approximate plane waves with arbitrary directions. The received voltage at the antenna terminal depends on the antenna radiation pattern and the impinging plane waves. A novel closed form technique to reproduce the received voltage with arbitrary incoming plane waves based on trigonometric interpolation is presented. The proposed technique provides a closed form solution for the PWS when the probe ring radius is infinite. The proposed technique shows that the impact of the antenna pattern on the induced received voltage accuracy is ruled by Nyquist sampling theory. Furthermore, the impact of the antenna pattern on spatial correlation accuracy for prefaded signal synthesis (PFS) technique is investigated as well. Simulation and measurement results show that the number of required probes depend directly on the DUT antenna pattern. To test realistic DUTs with higher variations in directivity, we need more probes to maintain the same received voltage and spatial correlation accuracy level.
Wnt signaling blockage inhibits cell proliferation and migration, and induces apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells (2013)

These data suggest that targeting SOX4 and/or the Wnt pathway could have therapeutic benefit for TNBC patients.
Antimalarials. 10. Synthesis of 4-substituted primaquine analogs as candidate antimalarials (1977)

Primaquine (I) has been extensively used in combination with other drugs in the radical cure of relapsing malaria as well as for prophylaxis or the interruption of transmission. This, coupled with the activity data reported for 4-methylprimaquine (II), has led to the synthesis of a series of 14 4-substituted analogues of I. In addition, three side-chain analogues of II were prepared. The compounds were tested for suppressive antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei in the Rane mouse screen and for radical curative activity against Plasmodium cynomolgi in the rhesus monkey. Four of the 17 compounds prepared (1a, 9c, 15, and 17) exhibited activity in at least one of the test systems.