gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering Design of a Throat Valve Experimental Facility. (1995)

Abstract : This report covers the design of a gas dynamic test facility. The facility studied is a medium-scale blast simulator. The primary use of the facility would be to test fast-acting, computer-controlled valves. The valve would be used to control nuclear blast simulation by controlling the release of high pressure gas from drivers into an expansion tunnel to form a shock wave. The development of the valves themselves is reported elsewhere. The facility is composed of a heated gas supply, driver tube, expansion tunnel, reaction pier, piping, sensors, and controls. The driver tube and heated gas supply are existing components. The expansion tunnel, piping, sensors, and controls are all new components. Much of the report is devoted to the design of the reaction pier and the development of heat transfer relations used in designing the piping and controls. (MM)
Development of NSR and DiAir System to Achieve Clean Emissions under Transient Cycle (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper, a control strategy to switch NSR (NOx storage and reduction) function from standard DeNOx by rich combustion to DiAir (Diesel NOx After-treatment by Adsorbed Intermediate Reductants) and additional advantages to use HCI (Hydrocarbon Injector) during desulfation were introduced. Investigations under a transient cycle suggest that NOx conversion with DiAir is strongly affected by preliminary NOx storage condition in the NSR catalyst. To avoid NOx breakthrough just after starting HC dosing for DiAir, a rich operation to reduce stored NOx was shown to be important and high NOx conversion could be maintained using this control strategy under a transient cycle. Furthermore, by combining HCI and in-cylinder post injection, usage of rich condition for NSR DeSOx can be expand to wider engine speed and load area. Thanks to a high NOx conversion efficiency in high temperature, including DPF(diesel particulate filter) regeneration, with DiAir, a NOx storage function in low load driving and the advantage of HCI during DeSOx, promising potential to reduce NOx emission in real driving condition was shown.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The EphA4 Receptor Regulates Neuronal Morphology through SPAR-Mediated Inactivation of Rap GTPases (2007)

Eph receptors play critical roles in the establishment and remodeling of neuronal connections, but the signaling pathways involved are not fully understood. We have identified a novel interaction between the C terminus of the EphA4 receptor and the PDZ domain of the GTPase-activating protein spine-associated RapGAP (SPAR). In neuronal cells, this binding mediates EphA4-dependent inactivation of the closely related GTPases Rap1 and Rap2, which have recently been implicated in the regulation of dendritic spine morphology and synaptic plasticity. We show that SPAR-mediated inactivation of Rap1, but not Rap2, is critical for ephrin-A-dependent growth cone collapse in hippocampal neurons and decreased integrin-mediated adhesion in neuronal cells. Distinctive effects of constitutively active Rap1 and Rap2 on the morphology of growth cones and dendritic spines support the idea that these two GTPases have different functions in neurons. Together, our data implicate SPAR as an important signaling intermediate that links the EphA4 receptor with Rap GTPase function in the regulation of neuronal morphology.
Low Temperature Optical Dephasing of Rare Earth Ions by Tunneling Systems in Glass (1984)

Optical dephasing of paramagnetic ions and molecules in organic and inorganic amorphous solids at low temperatures (≲100K) is characterized by unusual temperature dependences and enhanced relaxation rates compared to crystalline systems 1 . For a large variety of impurity-host combinations the dephasing rate has been found to follow a T m temperature dependence with m approximately 2. Several theories have attempted to explain this behavior by assuming interactions between the optical center, phonons, and atomic tunneling systems. However, the role of the intrinsic disorder in optical dephasing in these systems is not clearly understood.
ChemInform Abstract: Activated Imines and Aminal Derivatives: Potential Precursors of β‐Amino Acids. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SAED: Edge-Based Intelligence for Privacy-Preserving Enterprise Search\n on the Cloud (2021)

Cloud-based enterprise search services (e.g., AWS Kendra) have been\nentrancing big data owners by offering convenient and real-time search\nsolutions to them. However, the problem is that individuals and organizations\npossessing confidential big data are hesitant to embrace such services due to\nvalid data privacy concerns. In addition, to offer an intelligent search, these\nservices access the user search history that further jeopardizes his/her\nprivacy. To overcome the privacy problem, the main idea of this research is to\nseparate the intelligence aspect of the search from its pattern matching\naspect. According to this idea, the search intelligence is provided by an\non-premises edge tier and the shared cloud tier only serves as an exhaustive\npattern matching search utility. We propose Smartness At Edge (SAED mechanism\nthat offers intelligence in the form of semantic and personalized search at the\nedge tier while maintaining privacy of the search on the cloud tier. At the\nedge tier, SAED uses a knowledge-based lexical database to expand the query and\ncover its semantics. SAED personalizes the search via an RNN model that can\nlearn the user interest. A word embedding model is used to retrieve documents\nbased on their semantic relevance to the search query. SAED is generic and can\nbe plugged into existing enterprise search systems and enable them to offer\nintelligent and privacy-preserving search without enforcing any change on them.\nEvaluation results on two enterprise search systems under real settings and\nverified by human users demonstrate that SAED can improve the relevancy of the\nretrieved results by on average 24% for plain-text and 75% for encrypted\ngeneric datasets.\n
Deriving the relationship between user satisfaction on engine sounds and affective variable sets based on classification algorithms (2014)

This study aims to extract the most relevant set consisted of affective variables to the level of user satisfaction on engine sounds using classification algorithm. The affective variables for engine sounds were defined by three axes, and two classification algorithms were used to determine the prediction accuracy for those affective axes. The study was consisted of three phases: 1) extracting sets of affective variables and the level of satisfaction on engine sounds, 2) preprocessing of engine sounds and experiment design, and 3) analysis of the most relevant sets of affective variables to user satisfaction. As a result, PA (Powerful-Affective) variable set showed the highest prediction accuracy of user satisfaction compared to other sets. Predicting the level of satisfaction based on classification algorithm could help to generalize the relationship between user satisfaction and affective variables more easily, beyond the limitation with a small size of subjects.
RUNX3, A Novel Tumor Suppressor, Is Frequently Inactivated in Gastric Cancer by Protein Mislocalization (2005)

Loss of RUNX3 expression is suggested to be causally related to gastric cancer as 45% to 60% of gastric cancers do not express RUNX3 mainly due to hypermethylation of the RUNX3 promoter. Here, we examined for other defects in the properties of RUNX3 in gastric cancers that express RUNX3. Ninety-seven gastric cancer tumor specimens and 21 gastric cancer cell lines were examined by immunohistochemistry using novel anti-RUNX3 monoclonal antibodies. In normal gastric mucosa, RUNX3 was expressed most strongly in the nuclei of chief cells as well as in surface epithelial cells. In chief cells, a significant portion of the protein was also found in the cytoplasm. RUNX3 was not detectable in 43 of 97 (44%) cases of gastric cancers tested and a further 38% showed exclusive cytoplasmic localization, whereas only 18% showed nuclear localization. Evidence is presented suggesting that transforming growth factor-beta is an inducer of nuclear translocation of RUNX3, and RUNX3 in the cytoplasm of cancer cells is inactive as a tumor suppressor. RUNX3 was found to be inactive in 82% of gastric cancers through either gene silencing or protein mislocalization to the cytoplasm. In addition to the deregulation of mechanisms controlling gene expression, there would also seem to be at least one other mechanism controlling nuclear translocation of RUNX3 that is impaired frequently in gastric cancer.
Dynamic power management using machine learning (2006)

Dynamic power management (DPM) work proposed to date places inactive components into low power states using a single DPM policy. In contrast, we instead dynamically select among a set of DPM policies with a machine learning algorithm. We leverage the fact that different policies outperform each other under different workloads and devices. Our algorithm adapts to changes in workloads and guarantees quick convergence to the best performing policy for each workload. We performed experiments with a policy set representing state of the art DPM policies on a hard disk drive and a WLAN card. Our results show that our algorithm adapts really well with changing device and workload characteristics and achieves an overall performance comparable to the best performing policy at any point of time.
Inhibited thrombins. Interactions with fibrinogen and fibrin (1987)

Fibrin-monomer-Sepharose was used to study thrombin binding to fibrin and the role of the enzyme active centre in this interaction. Binding properties of preformed enzyme-inhibitor complexes, as well as inhibition of thrombin already adsorbed to fibrin monomer, were investigated. No apparent difference was found in binding properties of phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride-, D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl- and dansylarginine NN-(3-ethylpentane-1,5-diyl)amide-inhibited thrombins. Also, the elution profile of phenylmethane-sulphonyl fluoride-inhibited thrombin from fibrinogen-Sepharose was identical with that of active thrombin from fibrin-monomer-Sepharose. Thus far the only low-Mr inhibitor that prevents thrombin from binding to fibrin monomer is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Preformed hirudin-thrombin complexes do not interact with fibrin. The extent to which the active centre of thrombin associated with fibrin is still accessible to substrates and inhibitors was also studied. Thrombin bound to fibrin hydrolyses a synthetic substrate at the same rate as the free enzyme. Water-soluble low-Mr inhibitors such as D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl and dansylarginine NN-(3-ethylpentane-1,5-diyl)amide can readily modify the active centre of the fibrin-associated enzyme, and the active centre is exposed to the degree that displacement of dansylarginine NN-(3-ethylpentane-1,5-diyl)amide by D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl is possible without disturbing the binding. Hirudin disrupts the affinity between thrombin and fibrin. These data indicate that the active centre of thrombin associated with fibrin through extended binding is fully exposed and freely accessible. It is possible that extended binding may play a regulatory role in the activation of Factor XIII by thrombin, as well as inactivation of this enzyme by antithrombin III.
Billions of Parameters Are Worth More Than In-domain Training Data: A case study in the Legal Case Entailment Task (2022)

Recent work has shown that language models scaled to billions of parameters, such as GPT-3, perform remarkably well in zero-shot and few-shot scenarios. In this work, we experiment with zero-shot models in the legal case entailment task of the COLIEE 2022 competition. Our experiments show that scaling the number of parameters in a language model improves the F1 score of our previous zero-shot result by more than 6 points, suggesting that stronger zero-shot capability may be a characteristic of larger models, at least for this task. Our 3B-parameter zero-shot model outperforms all models, including ensembles, in the COLIEE 2021 test set and also achieves the best performance of a single model in the COLIEE 2022 competition, second only to the ensemble composed of the 3B model itself and a smaller version of the same model. Despite the challenges posed by large language models, mainly due to latency constraints in real-time applications, we provide a demonstration of our zero-shot monoT5-3b model being used in production as a search engine, including for legal documents. The code for our submission and the demo of our system are available at https://github.com/neuralmind-ai/coliee and https://neuralsearchx.neuralmind.ai, respectively.
“Click” Chemistry by Microcontact Printing (2006)

Druck und Klick: Klick-Chemie lässt sich effizient mit Mikrokontaktdrucken kombinieren. Eine Synthese im nanoskaligen Raum zwischen einem Elastomerstempel und einem reaktiven Substrat ergibt innerhalb kurzer Zeit, ohne Katalysator und bei Raumbedingungen das gewünschte Produkt. So lässt sich 1-Octadecin auf eine Azido-terminierte, selbstorganisierte Monoschicht auf einem Siliciumoxid-Substrat drucken. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z601090_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Higher-order wavefront aberrations induced by small ablation area and sub-clinical decentration in simulated corneal refractive surgery using a perturbed schematic eye model (2003)

The purpose was to investigate the effect of decentered ablation in myopic corneal refractive surgery by simulation. Wavefront aberrations in a small pupil area (radius: 2 mm) for photopic vision and in a large pupil area (radius: 3 mm) for mesopic vision with simulated refractive surgery were analyzed using Zernike polynomials. Radii of ablation were 3, 2.5 and 2 mm. Decentrations of ablation were 0 mm and 0.5 mm. Change of the surface shape by ablation was considered a perturbation, while Gullstrand’s schematic eye was used as un-perturbed optics. For photopic vision, wavefront aberrations were about the same as with unperturbed optics. For mesopic vision, the results were heavily dependent on the radius of ablation area. When the radius was 3 mm, wavefront aberrations did not increase very much compared to un-perturbed optics. When the radius was smaller than 3 mm, spherical aberration was induced by centered ablations, and coma was also induced by decentered ablations. In conclusion, small ablation areas or subclinical decentrations of ablations could cause serious amounts of wavefront aberrations to the optics of the eye in the simulations.
Fully Printed Flexible Humidity Sensor (2011)

A humidity sensor that employs interdigitated capacitors (IDC) printed with silver (Ag) nanoparticle based ink on a flexible poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate was successfully fabricated using gravure printing process. Thicknesses of 1 μm and 500 μm of a humidity sensitive polymer poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) was deposited on the IDCs by means of gravure printing. The capacitive response of the sensor towards relative humidity (RH) was measured in the range of 30% RH to 80% RH; the maximum percentage change in capacitance was 172% at 80% RH when compared to base capacitance at 30% RH. The humidity response of the printed sensor revealed a very high stability with a maximum error of 0.6% and 0.8% from the average value at 40% RH and 60% RH, respectively.
Highly Selective Oxidation of Alkylphenols to Benzoquinones with Hydrogen Peroxide over Silica‐Supported Titanium Catalysts: Titanium Cluster Site versus Titanium Single Site (2009)

Abstract Titanium‐silica catalysts have been prepared by supporting titanium(IV) precursors with different nuclearity {mononuclear titanocene dichloride Ti(Cp) 2 Cl 2 , dinuclear titanium diethyl tartrate and the tetranuclear titanium peroxo complex (NH 4 ) 8 [Ti 4 (C 6 H 4 O 7 ) 4 (O 2 ) 4 ]⋅8 H 2 O} onto the surface of silica materials with different textural characteristics. The supported catalysts have been explored as highly active and reusable catalysts for the oxidation of 2,3,6‐trimethylphenol (TMP) and 2,6‐dimethylphenol (DMP) to 2,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone (TMBQ, vitamin E key intermediate) and 2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DMBQ), respectively, using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as green oxidant. Catalysts prepared by grafting mononuclear Ti(Cp) 2 Cl 2 revealed a strong dependence of the product selectivity on the surface concentration of titanium active centers. Mesoporous materials with titanium surface concentration in the range of 0.6–1.0 Ti/nm 2 were identified as optimal catalysts for the transformation of alkylphenols to benzoquinones. Catalysts having &lt;0.6 Ti/nm 2 produced a mixture of benzoquinones and dimeric by‐products. Conversely, when di‐/tetranuclear titanium precursors were employed for the catalyst preparation, a diminution of the titanium surface concentration had no impact on the benzoquinone selectivity, which was typically as high as 96–99%. DR‐UV spectroscopic studies revealed that the catalysts capable of producing alkylbenzoquinones with nearly quantitative yields possess titanium dimers and/or subnanometer‐size clusters homogeneously distributed on a silica surface. On the contrary, catalysts with isolated titanium sites give a considerable amount of dimeric by‐products. This is the first example which clearly demonstrates the advantages of titanium cluster‐site catalysts over titanium single‐site catalysts in hydrogen peroxide‐based selective oxidation reaction.
Suboptimal Selenium Status in Home Parenteral Nutrition Patients with Small Bowel Resections (1984)

The selenium status of 13 adult home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients was evaluated using 12 healthy adult volunteers as controls. Patients had been maintained on HPN for a mean of 36 months and averaged 121 cm of residual small bowel. Prospective diet surveys in patients indicated a mean oral caloric intake of 902 kcal/day. The mean plasma selenium concentrations (microgram/g) were 0.044 in patients and 0.117 in controls (p less than 0.01). The erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities, as mumol of NADPH oxidized/g hemoglobin/min, averaged 11.01 in patients and 31.76 in controls (p less than 0.01). Four patients exhibited myalgic symptomatology suggestive of clinical selenium deficiency. No correlations could be ascertained between plasma selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activities in either patients or controls. Additionally, in the patient group, no significant correlations could be ascertained between selenium status and oral caloric intake, residual small bowel length, symptomatology suggestive of deficiency or HPN duration. However, since sample size was not large, lack of correlations might best be considered suggestive not conclusive. The data indicate that HPN patients with small bowel resections exhibit suboptimal selenium status and may be at risk of developing clinically evident selenium deficiency. HPN patients should be prophylactically supplemented with selenium regardless of oral intake, duration of HPN, or residual length of resected small bowel.
Peroxide dental bleaching via laser microchannels and tooth color measurements (2016)

The aim of this study was to use microchannels drilled by an Er:YAG laser into a human tooth through the enamel into the dentin for direct injection of hydrogen peroxide (HP) to produce a minimally invasive, rapid, tooth bleaching effect. The experiments were conducted in vitro. Five microchannels with a diameter of ?200???m and a depth of ?2??mm were drilled through the palatal side of a human tooth crown using the microbeam of an Er:YAG-laser with a wavelength of 2.94???m. After injection of an aqueous solution of 31%-HP through the microchannels, the tooth color was evaluated using a VITA shade guide and International Commission on Illumination L*ab color parameters. A tooth model used for the evaluation of the distribution of HP concentration was created and the amount of HP which can be injected into tooth dentin to bleach it safely was estimated. Injection of 1.5±0.1??mm3 of 31%-HP into the tooth led to noticeable bleaching within 3 h and significant improvement of tooth color within 24 h.
CARDIAC FUNCTION AFTER ALCOHOL INGESTION IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND CARDIOMYOPATHY: A CONTROLLED STUDY (1988)

Thirty male patients with ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy entered a controlled study of the acute effects of alcohol on cardiac function evaluated by right heart catheterization. Twenty patients, nine with angina pectoris and 11 with congestive heart failure, were studied during alcohol intoxication, and ten patients, five with angina pectoris and five with heart failure, served as a control group. The mean serum ethanol concentration in the alcohol group was 93 mg/100 ml (S.D. 17). The systemic arterial blood pressure was reduced by 6% in the alcohol group, P <0.05 compared with the control group. No significant changes occurred in the central venous pressure, the pulmonary artery pressure, the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, or in cardiac output, stroke volume and total peripheral resistance. Alcohol intake in moderate doses has no measurable effect on pulmonary blood pressures or cardiac output in patients with ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Such an effect may, however, be masked by a reduction of afterload.
A Convenient Method for the Direct Preparation of Ketones from Vinylsilanes with Molecular Oxygen Catalyzed by Cobalt(II) Complex (1989)

Abstract Various vinylsilanes are directly converted to the corresponding ketones in high yields on treatment with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalytic amount of cobalt(II) complex under neutral condition.
Supplementary Methods from Mucosal HPV E6/E7 Peptide Vaccination in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Modulation Induces Regression of HPV<sup>+</sup> Oral Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Acemannan, an Extracted Polysaccharide from Aloe vera: A Literature Review (2014)

In this review, the composition, actions, and clinical applications of acemannan in medicine and its effectiveness as an adjunct in the treatment of diseases are presented. An electronic literature search was performed up to January 2014 for studies and research presenting data to validate the efficacy of acemannan. A total of 50 titles, abstracts and full-text studies were selected and reviewed. Acemannan has various medicinal properties like osteogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial, which accelerate healing of lesions. Also, acemannan is known to have antiviral and antitumor activities in vivo through activation of immune responses. It was concluded that Aloe vera has immense potential as a therapeutic agent. Even though the plant is a promising herb with various clinical applications in medicine and dentistry, more clinical research needs to be undertaken to validate and explain the action of acemannan in healing, so that it can be established in the field of medicine and a more precise understanding of the biological activities of these is required to develop Aloe vera as a pharmaceutical source.