gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resolution and characterization of the glycine-cleavage reaction in pea leaf mitochondria. Properties of the forward reaction catalysed by glycine decarboxylase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (1988)

High-molecular-mass proteins from pea (Pisum sativum) mitochondrial matrix retained on an XM-300 Diaflo membrane ('matrix extract') exhibited high rates of glycine oxidation in the presence of NAD+ and tetrahydropteroyl-L-glutamic acid (H4 folate) as long as the medium exhibited a low ionic strength. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) (4 x 53 kDa) and the four proteins of the glycine-cleavage system, including a pyridoxal phosphate-containing enzyme ('P-protein'; 2 x 97 kDa), a carrier protein containing covalently bound lipoic acid ('H-protein'; 15.5 kDa), a protein exhibiting lipoamide dehydrogenase activity ('L-protein'; 2 x 61 kDa) and an H4 folate-dependent enzyme ('T-protein'; 45 kDa) have been purified to apparent homogeneity from the matrix extract by using gel filtration, ion-exchange and phenyl-Superose fast protein liquid chromatography. Gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 in the presence of 50 mM-KCl proved to be the key step in disrupting this complex. During the course of glycine oxidation catalysed by the matrix extract a steady-state equilibrium in the production and utilization of 5,10-methylene-H4 folate was reached, suggesting that glycine cleavage and SHMT are linked together via a soluble pool of H4 folate. The rate of glycine oxidation catalysed by the matrix extract was sensitive to the NADH/NAD+ molar ratios, because NADH competitively inhibited the reaction catalysed by lipoamide dehydrogenase.
Possible Pathogenesis of Painful Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (2006)

The findings indicated that degeneration of the painful disc might originate from the injury and subsequent repair of anulus fibrosus. Growth factors, such as bFGF and TGF-beta1, macrophages and mast cells might play a key role in the repair of the injured anulus fibrosus and subsequent disc degeneration.
Endocrine emergencies as problem in Emergency Department 6 years observation including over 200 000 admissions (2015)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Autophagic and apoptotic changes in macrophages in response to graphene oxides with or without chemical modification (2019)

Fine dust particles can derived from desert and industrial derivatives. The graphene, an allotrope of carbon, has the honeycombing structure of one-atom-thick planar sheets, is widely used for the modern electronics, informative technologies including medical devices. It may provoke various immune responses. We tested the autophagic and apoptotic response of macrophages in response to graphene and its chemically modified compounds. Raw264.7 cells were treated with graphene oxide(GO), reduced GO(RGO), SDS-GO, dodecyl amine(DA)-GO with different concentrations and times. MTT assay and Western blotting for PU.1, mTOR, NBR1, p62, Beclin-1 and LC3-A/B-I/II. The cell viability was reduced after treatment of 4 kinds of GO compounds in macrophages in light microscopy and MTT assay. PU.1 decrease was more remarkable in response to treatment of GO compounds- dose dependent manner than R-, DA- and SDS-GO. LC3-A/B-I to LC3A/B-II conversion was dose-dependently decreased after treatment of four GO’s. The expressional levels of mTOR and NBR1 showed similar manner in GO but not remarkable in other three compounds.P62 and Bec-1 were not remarkably changed in four GO compounds. Although the cell viability decreased in GO-treated macrophages, autophagy, apoptosis and PU.1 decreased in higher concentrations of GO compounds. These findings may suggest the other important complicated mechanisms of cellular injury in macrophages. Further evaluation may be necessary.
CSI-based NOMA for Integrated Sensing and Communication (2022)

&lt;p&gt;Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a key enabler of fifth-generation and beyond networks and a multitude of futuristic applications. However, the coexistence, scheduling and scarcity issues due to additional sensing signals are valid concerns. If a communicating device also requires sensing, it can use its communication signal for sensing. But if a non-communicating device requires sensing, the additional sensing signals will cause extra traffic in the network. Thus, in this letter, a novel integrated sensing and communication with iterative channel estimation (ISAC-ICE) method is proposed to provide spectral efficiency while maintaining sensing and communication performance. The simulation results and complexity analysis demonstrate that the proposed method with a linearithmic complexity enables non-orthogonal multiple accessing (NOMA) of ISAC.&lt;/p&gt;
Anytime Reliable Codes for Stabilizing Plants over Erasure Channels (2011)

The problem of stabilizing an unstable plant over a noisy communication link is an increasingly important one that arises in problems of distributed control and networked control systems. Although the work of Schulman and Sahai over the past two decades, and their development of the notions of "tree codes" and "anytime capacity", provides the theoretical framework for studying such problems, there has been scant practical progress in this area because explicit constructions of tree codes with efficient encoding and decoding did not exist. To stabilize an unstable plant driven by bounded noise over a noisy channel one needs real-time encoding and real-time decoding and a reliability which increases exponentially with delay, which is what tree codes guarantee. We prove the existence of linear tree codes with high probability and, for erasure channels, give an explicit construction with an expected encoding and decoding complexity that is constant per time instant. We give sufficient conditions on the rate and reliability required of the tree codes to stabilize vector plants and argue that they are asymptotically tight. This work takes a major step towards controlling plants over noisy channels, and we demonstrate the efficacy of the method through several examples.
A simple Fourier filter for suppression of the missing wedge ray artefacts in single-axis electron tomographic reconstructions (2014)

The limited specimen tilting range that is typically available in electron tomography gives rise to a region in the Fourier space of the reconstructed object where experimental data are unavailable - the missing wedge. Since this region is sharply delimited from the area of available data, the reconstructed signal is typically hampered by convolution with its impulse response, which gives rise to the well-known missing wedge artefacts in 3D reconstructions. Despite the recent progress in the field of reconstruction and regularization techniques, the missing wedge artefacts remain untreated in most current reconstruction workflows in structural biology. Therefore we have designed a simple Fourier angular filter that effectively suppresses the ray artefacts in the single-axis tilting projection acquisition scheme, making single-axis tomographic reconstructions easier to interpret in particular at low signal-to-noise ratio in acquired projections. The proposed filter can be easily incorporated into current electron tomographic reconstruction schemes.
Multidimensional Modeling of Engine Combustion Chamber Surface Temperatures (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A two-dimensional transient Heat Conduction in Components code (HCC) was successfully set up and extensively used to calculate the temperature field existing in real engine combustion chambers. The Saul'yev method, an explicit, unconditionally stable finite difference method, was used in the code. Consideration of the gasket between the cylinder wall and head, and the air gap between the piston and liner were included in the code. The realistic piston bowl shape was modeled with a grid transformation and piston movement was considered. The HCC code was used to calculate the wall temperature of an Isuzu ceramic engine and a Caterpillar heavy-duty diesel engine. The code was combined with the KIVA-II code in an iterative loop, in which the KIVA-II code provided the instantaneous local heat flux on the combustion chamber surfaces, and the HCC code computed the time-averaged wall temperature distribution on the surfaces. After iterations, more accurate combustion chamber surface temperatures were obtained. For the Isuzu engine, the predicted temperature swing at a point on the cylinder head was found to be consistent with the available measured temperature data for both the motored and fired cases. For the Caterpillar engine, the spatially varying combustion chamber wall temperatures were found to influence both engine total heat transfer and engine-out NOx prediction significantly.&lt;/div&gt;
Metabolic disparities of different oxidative stress‑inducing conditions in HTR8/SVneo cells (2019)

Placental oxidative stress is present throughout the duration of pregnancy, but it is when oxidative stress exceeds the normal physiological level that complications can occur. Trophoblast cell lines are commonly utilized for oxidative stress research due to their distinct uniform cell population and easy‑to‑apply interventions. However, conflicting results are often reported when different oxidative stress cell models are used. In this study, the aim was to characterize the intracellular and extracellular metabolite profiles of different oxidative stress cell models commonly used in the research of pregnancy complications. HTR8/SVneo human trophoblast cell lines were treated with five different oxidative stress‑inducing conditions: Hypoxia (1% oxygen); hypoxia and reoxygenation; cobalt chloride (CoCl2; 300 µmol/l); sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 2.5 mmol/l); and the serum of women with preeclampsia (10% v/v). Intracellular metabolites were extracted from cells and extracellular metabolites were collected from spent media for metabolomic analysis via gas chromatography‑mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that there were distinct differences in the intracellular and extracellular metabolome between the different cell models. Meanwhile, treatments with exogenous drugs, such as CoCl2 and SNP, resulted in more similar metabolite profiles. These disparities between the different oxidative stress cell models will have implications for the applications of these results, and highlight the need for the standardization of oxidative stress cell models in obstetric research.
Secondary Ionization Mass Spectrometry-Linked Scanning Analysis for Identification of Aloenin in Foods Containing Aloe arborescens Miller. (1992)

Secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS)-linked scanning analysis was used as a method for identifying a specific Aloe arborescens MILLER (Kidachi-aroe) component, aloenin, in health foods containing Kidachi-aroe. The compound was extracted with methanol and identified in positive mode and constant B/E using SIMS-linked scanning analysis without any further purification such as a chromatography. Kidachi-aroe was detected in the sample using aloenin as an indicator. In the SIMS-linked scanning spectra of health foods containing Kidachi-aroe, peaks were observed of a quasi-molecular ion (m/z 411[M+H]+) and its daughter ion at m/z 249, indicating the structure of aloenin. Kidachi-aroe was thus detected when present in health foods. The proposed method is easy, rapid and accurate for both characterization and estimation of aloe materials in health foods containing Kidachi-aroe.
Lubrication Mechanism of Solid Lubricants in Oils (1983)

Lubricating properties of machine oils containing such solid lubricants as (CF)n, MoS2, graphite, etc., were studied on a pin and disk machine by measuring an electric contact resistance and a friction force. After lubrication tests, solid lubricants films and transferred wear particles on worn surfaces have been observed by means of an XMA and an optical microscope. The wear mechanism of metals was analyzed considering a mean peak to peak distance and a mean depth of scratches on worn surfaces. The effects of particle size and concentration of (CF)n, and a suspending agent AD-6 on the friciton and wear process were also discussed. It was found that when the large number of (CF)n particles can penetrate into the interface in accordance with an oil flow, they show a good performance as a lubricant but solid lubricant films were not formed on worn surfaces besides graphite particles embedded on those of a copper disk.
Circulating Nucleic Acids of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Cytomegalovirus in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography (2001)

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 208 consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary angiography or angioplasty were collected before, immediately after, and 4 h after the procedure. Nucleic acids of Chlamydia pneumoniae and of cytomegalovirus (CMV) were detected by PCR and confirmed by hybridization. Circulating C. pneumoniae DNA was identified in 24 patients (11.5%) and was associated with current smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6 to 12.2, P = 0.004) but not with arterial narrowing on coronary angiogram or with serological results positive for C. pneumoniae. Circulating CMV DNA was identified in 36 patients (17.3%) and was associated with anti-CMV immunoglobulin G (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.2 to 6.3, P = 0.02) but not with angiographic arterial narrowing or with the need for revascularization. Neither C. pneumoniae nor CMV DNA detection increased after angioplasty, a procedure in which endothelium is disrupted. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine the prognostic significance of DNA detection.
Computer Human Interaction: A Blessing or Curse for Ghanaian Youth? (2019)

African Religion TAR (Voodoo/Vodou) promote the integration of socio-cultural, political and economic system of the people in Africa. However, the youth, (Sakawa Boys) merge technology with religion to commit internet fraud. Sakawa is the use of evil occult powers to commit internet fraud by possessing the mind of the foreign cyber target. These Sakawa boys manipulate vodou powers by performing certain frightening rituals for spiritual empowerment before logging into the internet. This has brought different changes to the socio-cultural and ideological bases of Ghanaians. This study reviewed literature on the causal factors, their modus operandi and the consequences of technology human interaction in Ghana. The Internet and Vodou rituals are found to be the major driving force for Sakawa boys to practice their trade. The consequences of the activities of these boys included infertility, mental illness, sickness or death for the perpetrators and the victims of their ritual sacrifices. Based on traditional ethos, this has transformed the preferences and social values of the youth in Ghana.
Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Signal Transduction by the Adenovirus Group C RID Complex Involves Downregulation of Surface Levels of TNF Receptor 1 (2004)

Adenoviruses employ multiple genes to inhibit the host antiviral responses. There is increasing evidence that these immunoregulatory genes may function either during lytic or latent infection. Adenovirus early transcription region 3 (E3) encodes at least seven proteins, five of which block the acquired or innate immune response. Previous findings from this laboratory demonstrated that the E3 proteins 10.4K and 14.5K, which form a complex in the plasma membrane, inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced activation of NF-kappaB and the synthesis of chemokines. To determine the mechanism of inhibition of these pathways by the adenovirus E3 10.4K/14.5K proteins, we have examined the effects of this viral complex on the inhibition of AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation by TNF and found a reduction in assembly of the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling complex at the plasma membrane accompanied by downregulation of surface levels of TNFR1.
Commentary: Modification of Host Responses by Mycobacteria (2017)

GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Immunol., 28 April 2017Sec. Inflammation Volume 8 - 2017 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00466
<title>Applications of soft computing in petroleum engineering</title> (1999)

This paper describes several applications of neural networks and fuzzy logic in petroleum engineering that have been, or are being, developed recently at New Mexico Tech. These real-world applications include a fuzzy controller for drilling operation; a neural network model to predict the cement bonding quality in oil well completion; using neural networks and fuzzy logic to rank the importance of input parameters; and using fuzzy reasoning to interpret log curves. We also briefly describe two ongoing, large-scale projects on the development of a fuzzy expert system for prospect risk assessment in oil exploration; and on combining neural networks and fuzzy logic to tackle the large-scale simulation problem of history matching, a long- standing difficult problem in reservoir modeling.
A Beacon of Light (2011)

We demonstrated controlled conversion of DNA/Ag NCs between bright and dark states and designed a new molecular probe, NCB, for homogeneous detection of nucleic acid targets. Not relying on Forster energy transfer as the fluorescence on/off switching mechanism, NCBs have the potential to reach an ultrahigh S/B ratio in molecular sensing. Since the fluorescence enhancement is caused by intrinsic nucleobases, our detection technique is simple, inexpensive, and compatible with commercial DNA synthesizers. Here, we demonstrated that a palette of NCB light-up colors can be produced from the same origin by employing different proximal sequences. We also showed that the NC-nucleation sequences capable of achieving strong red fluorescence enhancement share a common 5'-C <sub>3</sub> NNNNNC <sub>4</sub> motif.
Teaching/Learning Resources for Chemical Engineering: www.LearnChemE.com (2015)

Abstract The teaching/learning resources for chemical engineering on www.LearnChemE.com havebeen greatly expanded and improved to make them more useful for both students and faculty.The website now contains more than 1,250 screencasts, which are short videos made by screencapture of a tablet PC screen. These screencasts provide brief, focused mini-lectures that can be usedas replacements or supplements of activities that would typically occur in a classroom (e.g., toimplement flipped classrooms). They also present solutions to problems and present software tutorials.The use of these screencasts is inherently interactive because students can work through problems attheir own pace, and they can pause, rewind, and skip sections of the screencast. To further increaseinteractivity, screencasts were prepared that allow students to answer questions during a screencast totest their understanding and receive tailored explanations when they select an answer. That is, theanswers within the screencast are linked to other screencasts. The screencasts, which are now availablefor ten chemical engineering courses, but can also be used by students in other engineering majors,were played/downloaded more than 2.2 million times in the last twelve months. More than 100 of the original screencasts were replaced based on outside feedback in orderto correct errors or improve presentation of the material. For many of the courses, thescreencasts were indexed for additional textbooks, and more than 400 screencasts were closedcaptioned. Also, many of the screencasts are now linked (within the screencast) to otherscreencasts to guide students in their use. Screencasts were also added that make use ofinteractive simulations to explain concepts. Assessments were carried out to study howstudents use screencasts and the effect of screencasts on learning. More than 65 interactive Mathematica simulations were added to the website. They allowthe user to change variables and observe the effect on the system behavior, and they do notrequire Mathematica software. Links were also provided to active-learning course packagesthat we prepared in thermodynamics and material and energy balances.P
Effect of Empagliflozin on Worsening Heart Failure Events in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: EMPEROR-Preserved Trial (2021)

In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, empagliflozin produced a meaningful, early, and sustained reduction in the risk and severity of a broad range of inpatient and outpatient worsening heart failure events. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03057977.
Blind Channel Estimation for Amplify-and-Forward Two-Way Relay Networks Employing $M$-PSK Modulation (2012)

We consider the problem of channel estimation for amplify-and-forward (AF) two-way relay networks (TWRNs). Most works on this problem focus on pilot-based approaches which impose a significant training overhead that reduces the spectral efficiency of the system. To avoid such losses, we propose blind channel estimation algorithms for AF TWRNs that employ constant-modulus (CM) signaling. Our main algorithm is based on the deterministic maximum likelihood (DML) approach. Assuming <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> -PSK modulation, we show that the resulting estimator is consistent and approaches the true channel with high probability at high SNR for modulation orders higher than 2. For BPSK, however, the DML algorithm performs poorly and we propose an alternative algorithm that yields much better performance by taking into account the BPSK structure of the data symbols. For comparative purposes, we also investigate the Gaussian maximum-likelihood (GML) approach which treats the data symbols as Gaussian-distributed nuisance parameters. We derive the Cramer-Rao bound and use Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the mean squared error (MSE) performance of the proposed algorithms. We also compare the symbol-error rate (SER) performance of the DML algorithm with that of the training-based least-squares (LS) algorithm and demonstrate that the DML offers a superior tradeoff between accuracy and spectral efficiency.
Dynamic half rail differential logic for low power (2002)

A new logic family which uses less power compared to conventional logic is described. Power reduction is achieved by recycling the charge from the evaluate cycle for the precharge cycle. The logic of each stage is pipelined anti the cascade chain operates on a four phase clock. Power metrics for both gate and overall power (sum of gate and clock power) are presented. Simulations demonstrate a reduction of 40% to 50% in the gate power consumption compared to conventional logic.
A logistic regression approach to content-based mammogram retrieval (2006)

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has been proposed to address the problem of image retrieval from medical image databases. Relevance feedback, explaining the user's query concept, can be used to bridge the semantic gap and improve the performance of CBIR systems. This paper proposes a learning method for relevance feedback, which develops logistic regression models to generalize the 2-class problem and provide an estimate of probability of class membership. To build the model, relevance feedback is used as the training data and the iteratively re-weighted least squares method is applied to estimate the parameters of the regression curve and compute the maximum likelihood. After logistic regression models are fitted, discriminating features are selected by the measure of goodness of fit statistics. The weights of those discriminating features are determined based on their individual contributions to the maximum likelihood. The probability of class membership can therefore be obtained for each image of the database. Experimental results show that the proposed learning method can effectively improve the average precision from 41% to 63% through five iterations of relevance feedback rounds.