gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependence of the vertical‐tunnel‐junction GaAs solar cell on concentration and temperature (2022)

Abstract Modelling the current–voltage ( I – V ) characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) devices is important for understanding their behaviour and potential. Typically, the single exponential model (SEM) is used because of its simplicity and accuracy. In this work, we validate the SEM for a gallium arsenide (GaAs) vertical‐tunnel‐junction (VTJ) using TCAD software. This cell is the key to overcoming the series resistance limitations of current concentrator solar cells, which can lead to the development of ultra‐high concentrator photovoltaic systems (UHCPV) with concentrations ( C ratio ) greater than 1000 suns. The results indicate that the SEM is a suitable tool to model the I – V characteristics of the VTJ cell with mean errors lower than 1%. Moreover, the solar cell did not show any limitations regarding the C ratio and temperatures under investigation. In addition, the analysis of the temperature coefficients of the cell demonstrates that their dependency on temperature reduces as C ratio increases. The results of this work suggest that VTJ is a promising solution to produce a new generation of high‐efficiency and low‐cost UHCPV systems.
Successful Application of Underbalanced Coiled-Tubing Drilling in Horizontal Short-Radius Re-Entry Well in Hassi Messaoud, Algeria (2007)

Abstract The Hassi Messaoud field (Figure 1), discovered in 1956, is the largest oil field in Algeria, covering about 2000 Km2 and currently including over 1000 Wells. The field is divided aerially into 25 zones that are separated from each other by low permeability barriers, usually faults. The Cambrian Reservoir is subdivided into four lithological zones designated from base to top as R3, R2, Ra and Ri. The Ra sub reservoir shows the best petrophysical properties with a maximum thickness of 150 m in the western part of the field. The Ra is farther subdivided into five subzones: D1, ID, D2, D3, and D4 based on reservoir properties and depositional conditions. Well MD-330 was the 4th re-entry well in the Sonatrach campaign. A total of 330 m from landing point were successfully drilled in a continuous underbalanced condition inside D4. As a result, the well productivity was significantly improved, compared with offset wells, due to one of the positive impacts of UBD operations, namely that of the elimination of formation damage. The combination of Underbalanced and Coiled Tubing Drilling technologies has been proven to be a viable solution to successfully drill horizontal re-entry wells in mature fields where the reservoir pressure is adequate to induce underbalanced conditions using a single phase drilling fluid. The experience in this field has validated the benefits of the combination of these technologies and has been attributed to the excellent balance between drilling cost and improved productivity. For example, the drilling cost in the short radius re-entry wells drilled with coiled tubing are highly reduced due to the elimination of pipe connection procedures, the increase in rate of penetration, the prevention of conventional drilling problems such as fluid circulation loses and related differential sticking events, the increase in the bit life and reduction in time and drilled distance to reach the production zone. This paper describes the technical basis for the design and implementation of the Coiled Tubing Underbalanced Drilling project in Hassi Messaoud and highlights the operational key factors and challenges faced during this successful application in Algeria.
Surface Pressure Induced Charge Transfer Between Fullerene and Tetrathiafulvalene Derivative in Langmuir-Blodgett Films (2006)

Structures and electronic states of a 1:1 mixture of bis-tetrathiafulvalene annulated macrocycle (1) and C60 in Langmuir films at the air-water interface and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films on solid substrates were examined. Compression of the Langmuir films induced for the first time a phase transition from a weakly interacting state without charge transfer (CT) to a neutral CT state. The scanning force microscope images of LB films transferred onto mica by a single withdrawal showed quite different spatial patterns depending on the CT states. When deposited at around 1 mNm(-1), a domain structure with 3 nm height was obtained, which corresponded to the state without CT interaction. Contrastingly, once the CT interaction was induced by applying surface pressure, a network structure was observed with a height of 6 nm. The CT band, whose transition moment was almost parallel to the substrate surface, was observed at 11.5 x 10(3) cm(-1) in the polarized UV-VIS-NIR spectra of the films deposited at 9 mNm(-1). The phase transition was irreversible, although the surface pressure-area isotherm showed a reversible behavior below 9 mNm(-1). The morphology and electronic state of the film was controllable merely by changing the surface pressure at the air-water interface.
Line detection and segmentation in historical church registers (2002)

For being able to automatically acquire the information recorded in church registers and other historical scriptures, the writing on these documents has to be recognized. This paper describes algorithms for transforming the paper documents into a representation of text apt to be used as input for an automatic text recognizer. The automatic recognition of old handwritten scriptures is difficult for two main reasons. Lines of text in general are not straight and ascenders and descenders of adjacent lines interfere. The algorithms described in this paper provide ways to reconstruct the path of the lines of text using an approach of gradually constructing line segments until a unique line of text is formed. In addition, the single lines are segmented and an output in form of a raster image is provided. The method was applied to church registers. They were written between the 17th and 19th Century. Line segmentation was found to be successful in 97% of all samples.
Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Clinical Grade Dendritic Cells Generated from Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer for Therapeutic Vaccination (2005)

Dendritic cells (DC) are promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy. However, it is not known whether in vitro-generated monocyte-derived DC from cancer patients are altered compared with DC from healthy donors. In a clinical phase I/II study, monocyte-derived DC were generated in vitro utilizing granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and rh-interleukin-4 (IL-4) and used for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we tested the effect of various maturation cocktails and performed a comparative evaluation of the DC phenotype and functional characteristics. Polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C) + tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induced significant IL-12 p70 secretion, which was increased after addition of a decoy IL-10 receptor. The lymph node homing chemokine receptor CCR-7 expression was induced by TNF-alpha + IL-1beta + IL-6 + prostaglandin E2 but was not induced by Poly I:C + TNF-alpha. In general, DC from patients had an intermediate maturity phenotype with a significantly higher expression of CD40 and CD54 compared with healthy donors. In vitro analyses showed an unimpaired capacity of the patient-derived DC for antigen-specific (cytomegalovirus, tetanus and keyhole limpet haemocyanin) T-cell stimulation, whereas the allostimulatory capacity of patient-derived DC was significantly decreased. These data suggest that patient-derived DC are more differentiated but are less sensitive to maturation-inducing agents than DC obtained from healthy individuals.
Tumor immune profiling predicts response to anti–PD-1 therapy in human melanoma (2016)

This work was funded by a generous gift provided by Inga-Lill and David Amoroso as well as a generous gift provided by Stephen Juelsgaard and Lori Cook.
The evaluation of empty bed contact time on the biodegradation of pentachlorophenol using an anaerobic GAC fluidized bed (1994)

The objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of decreasing the empty-bed contact time (EBCT) on pentachlorophenol and its intermediates utilizing an anaerobic granular activated carbon (GAC) fluidized bed. The bioreactor A was fed an 100 mg/l influent concentration of PCP. EBCTs of 1.167 to 0.292 days for reactor A resulted in a PCP reduction greater than 99%. In addition, an equimolar conversion of PCP to monochlorophenol was observed.
Dion Fortune and her inner plane contacts : intermediaries in the Western esoteric tradition (2008)

Whereas occultists of the standing of H. P. Blavatsky, Annie Besant, C. W. Leadbeater, and especially Aleister Crowley have been well served by academic enquiry and by published accounts of their lives and work, Violet Evans, neÃ© Firth (aka âDion Fortuneâ), has suffered comparative neglect, as has her concept of the âMastersâ who inspired and informed her work. These factors, alongside the longevity of her Society of the Inner Light (still flourishing), are the catalysts for my embarking on this thesis. \n\tChapter 1 discusses the method of approach, covers Fortuneâs definitions of frequent occult terms, and compares observations of her work by fellow occultists and outside observers. Chapter 2 is a comprehensive review of mainly recent academic research into the role of intermediaries in magic and religion from ancient times, and serves as a background to Fortuneâs own esoteric philosophy, showing that she was heir to a tradition with a long history. Chapter 3 reviews those features of her early history relevant to her occult involvement to and her literary output and training, with special reference to her teachers and collaborators. \n\tThe composition and content of the Inner Worlds is contained in Fortuneâs understanding of the Kabbalah and the glyph of the Tree of Life, which served as a most important framework for classifying the range of beings said to inhabit the invisible worlds. Chapter 4 therefore clarifies her contribution to Western Esoteric Kabbalah by comparing it with the work of others, showing how she consolidated and added to existing knowledge, producing what was acknowledged as a groundbreaking exegesis in its day. Chapter 5 compares Fortuneâs viewpoint with that of major British occultists concerning the identity, nature and tasks of the Masters of Wisdom, leading into Chapter 6, which investigates techniques and methods that Fortune and others have found favourable for contacting them. Chapter 7 concludes by emphasising once again the relative neglect of Fortuneâs work in contrast to that of Helena Blavatsky, and the major role in occultism that both Fortune and the Masters played.
Unraveling the Redox Properties of the Global Regulator FurA from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120: Disulfide Reductase Activity Based on Its CXXC Motifs (2013)

The present study discloses a putative connection of FurA with the cyanobacterial redox-signaling pathway.
P-glycoprotein confers methotrexate resistance in 3T6 cells with deficient carrier-mediated methotrexate uptake. (1996)

P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a transmembrane efflux pump encoded by the MDR1 gene, transports various lipophilic drugs that enter the cell by passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer. Pgp-expressing multidrug-resistant cell lines are not usually cross-resistant to a hydrophilic antifolate methotrexate (MTX). MTX enters cells primarily through a folate carrier, but passive diffusion becomes the primary mode of MTX uptake in carrier-deficient cells. To test if a deficiency in MTX carrier would allow Pgp to confer resistance to MTX, a MTX carrier-deficient cell line (3T6-C26) was infected with a recombinant retrovirus expressing the human MDR1 gene. The infected 3T6-C26 cells showed increased survival in MTX relative to uninfected cells. Multistep selection of the infected cells with vinblastine led to increased Pgp expression and a concomitant increase in resistance to MTX. MTX resistance of Pgp-expressing 3T6-C26 cells was reduced by Pgp inhibitors, including a Pgp-specific monoclonal antibody UTC2. In contrast, the expression and the inhibition of Pgp had no effect on MTX resistance in 3T6 cells with normal carrier-mediated MTX uptake. Thus, a deficiency in the MTX carrier enables Pgp to confer resistance to MTX, suggesting that hydrophilic compounds may become Pgp substrates when such compounds enter cells by passive diffusion.
Fast precalculated triangular mesh algorithm for 3D binary computer-generated holograms (2014)

A new method for constructing computer-generated holograms using a precalculated triangular mesh is presented. The speed of calculation can be increased dramatically by exploiting both the precalculated base triangle and GPU parallel computing. Unlike algorithms using point-based sources, this method can reconstruct a more vivid 3D object instead of a "hollow image." In addition, there is no need to do a fast Fourier transform for each 3D element every time. A ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator is used to display the binary hologram within our experiment and the hologram of a base right triangle is produced by utilizing just a one-step Fourier transform in the 2D case, which can be expanded to the 3D case by multiplying by a suitable Fresnel phase plane. All 3D holograms generated in this paper are based on Fresnel propagation; thus, the Fresnel plane is treated as a vital element in producing the hologram. A GeForce GTX 770 graphics card with 2 GB memory is used to achieve parallel computing.
Effect of Solubility Improvement <i>via</i> Formation of an Amorphous Composite of Indomethacin and Sulindac on Membrane Permeability (2023)

The importance of permeability as well as solubility of the drug has been recognized in improving the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. This study investigated the impact of amorphous composites of indomethacin (IMC) and sulindac (SLD) on the membrane permeability of drugs. The IMC/SLD (1/1) formulation prepared by dry grinding was amorphous with a single glass transition temperature. The Fourier transform IR spectra and Raman spectra revealed formation of hydrogen bonds between the OH group of IMC and the carbonyl group of SLD. These results suggest that an amorphous composite was formed between IMC and SLD through hydrogen bonding. The amount of dissolved IMC and SLD from the amorphous composite of IMC/SLD (1/1) was higher than that of the untreated IMC or SLD in the dissolution test. The permeated amounts and permeation rates of both drugs were enhanced by increasing the solubility of the amorphous composite. Conversely, the apparent membrane permeability coefficients (P<sub>app</sub>) were almost same for untreated drugs and amorphous composites. In the case of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and sodium dodecyl sulfate, P<sub>app</sub> of the drugs decreased with the addition of these compounds, although the drug solubility was enhanced by the solubilization effect. This study revealed that an amorphous composite formed through hydrogen bonding is an attractive pharmaceutical way to enhance the permeated amount and permeation rate without changing the P<sub>app</sub> of both the drugs.
Effect of sublingual misoprostol on severe postpartum haemorrhage in a primary health centre in Guinea-Bissau: randomised double blind clinical trial (2005)

Sublingual misoprostol reduces the frequency of severe postpartum haemorrhage.
Molecular Origins of Functional Diversity in Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Methyltransferases (2019)

<i>O</i>- and <i>N</i>-methylations are ubiquitous and recurring features in the biosynthesis of many specialized metabolites. Accordingly, the methyltransferase (MT) enzymes catalyzing these modifications are directly responsible for a substantial fraction of the vast chemodiversity observed in plants. Enabled by DNA sequencing and synthesizing technologies, recent studies have revealed and experimentally validated the trajectories of molecular evolution through which MTs, such as those biosynthesizing caffeine, emerge and shape plant chemistry. Despite these advances, the evolutionary origins of many other alkaloid MTs are still unclear. Focusing on benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA)-producing plants such as opium poppy, we review the functional breadth of BIA <i>N</i>- and <i>O</i>-MT enzymes and their relationship with the chemical diversity of their host species. Drawing on recent structural studies, we discuss newfound insight regarding the molecular determinants of BIA MT function and highlight key hypotheses to be tested. We explore what is known and suspected concerning the evolutionary histories of BIA MTs and show that substantial advances in this domain are within reach. This new knowledge is expected to greatly enhance our conceptual understanding of the evolutionary origins of specialized metabolism.
Strategies for Regeneration of Heart Muscle (2010)

Regenerative medicine has emerged to the forefront of cardiac research, marrying discoveries in both basic science and engineering to develop viable therapeutic approaches for treating the diseased heart. Signifi cant advancements in gene therapy, stem cell biology, and cardiomyoplasty provide new optimism for regenerating damaged myocardium. Exciting new strategies for endogenous and exogenous regeneration have been proposed. However, questions remain as to whether these approaches can provide enough new myocyte mass to sufficiently restore mechanical function to the heart. In this article, we consider the mechanisms of endogenous cardiomyocyte regeneration and exogenous cell differentiation (with respect to myoblasts, stem cells, and induced pluripotent cells being researched for cell therapies). We begin by reviewing some of the cues that are being harnessed in strategies of gene/cell therapy for regenerating myocardium. We also consider some of the technical challenges that remain in determining new myocyte generation, tracking delivered cells in vivo, and correlating new myocyte contractility with cardiac function. Strategies for regenerating the heart are being realized as both animal and clinical trials suggest that these new approaches provide short-term improvement of cardiac function. However, a more complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms and applications is necessary to sustain longer-term therapeutic success.
A Systematic Approach to Coupling Disposal of Product Family Design (Part 1): Methodology (2016)

In this paper, on the basis of comparison and analysis on the similarities and differences of design coupling between product family and single product, a systematic approach to coupling disposal of product family design is proposed, and coupling disposal flow of two level including strategy level and operation level is given. From strategy level of platform plan, axiomatic design theory is utilized as framework to analyze and classify functional requirements, design parameters are mapped with “zigzagging” mode, and platform parameters are identified. In the view of platform operation level, design structure matrix (DSM) converted by design matrix DSM are clustered and grouped into modules, and coupling correlation matrix of product family design is established, which can realize high cohesion degree in a single module and low coupling degree among all the modules. Then, from the coupling inside platform modules, inside customization modules, and among design parameters with different modules, the corresponding decoupling methods of product family design are presented, and the methods architecture of to coupling disposal of product family design is established.
Adaptive encrypted traffic fingerprinting with bi-directional dependence (2016)

Recently, network traffic analysis has been increasingly used in various applications including security, targeted advertisements, and network management. However, data encryption performed on network traffic poses a challenge to these analysis techniques. In this paper, we present a novel method to extract characteristics from encrypted traffic by utilizing data dependencies that occur over sequential transmissions of network packets. Furthermore, we explore the temporal nature of encrypted traffic and introduce an adaptive model that considers changes in data content over time. We evaluate our analysis on two packet encrypted applications: website fingerprinting and mobile application (app) fingerprinting. Our evaluation shows how the proposed approach outperforms previous works especially in the open-world scenario and when defense mechanisms are considered.
Flexible and Energy-efficient Synaptic Transistor with Quasi-linear Weight Update Protocol by Inkjet Printing of Orientated Polar-electret/High-k Oxide Hybrid Dielectric (2021)

Abstract Artificial synapse by inkjet printing is promising in cost-effective and flexible applications, but remains challenging in emulating synaptic dynamics with a sufficient number of stable and effective conductance states under ultra-low voltage spiking operation. Hence, for the first time, a synaptic transistor gated by inkjet-printed hybrid dielectric of electret polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and high- k Zirconia oxide (ZrO x ) is proposed and thus synthesized to solve this issue. Quasi-linear potentiation/depression characteristics with large variation margin of conductance states are obtained through the coupling of these two dielectric components and the facilitating of dipole orientation, which can be attributed to the orderly arranged molecule chains induced by the carefully designed microfluidic flows in droplets. Crucial features of biological synapses including long-term potentiation/depression (LTP/D), spike-timing-dependence-plasticity (STDP) learning rule, “Learning-Experience” behavior, and ultralow energy consumption (&lt; 10 fJ/pulse) are successfully implemented on the device. Simulation results exhibit an excellent image recognition accuracy (97.1 %) after 15 training epochs, which is the highest for printed synaptic transistors. Moreover, the device sustained excellent endurance against bending tests with radius down to 8 mm. This work presents a very viable solution for constructing the futuristic flexible and low-cost neural systems.
Gene Microarray Analysis of Experimental Glaucomatous Retina from Cynomologous Monkey (2003)

Gene expression profiles in laser-induced glaucomatous monkey retinas were determined, and only a very small population of genes was up- or downregulated in glaucomatous eyes. Upregulation of ceruloplasmin protein was found in the Müller cells.
Focused Ion Beam Patterning of High T c Superconductor Films (1989)

We have used a 20 keV Ga focussed ion beam to pattern superconducting submicron bridge structures in thin films of Ba<sub>2</sub>YCu<sub>3</sub>0<sub>7</sub> material by physical sputtering. The technique can produce structures down to 0.5 microns or less in epitaxial films with no degradation in superconducting transition temperature (T<sub>c</sub>) or critical current density (J<sub>o</sub>). Photolithography was used to define a coarse pattern of 20 micron wide and 50 micron long strips, each wired for four-terminal resistance measurements. Sub-micron constrictions were then milled by the focused ion beam to form weak-link junctions with roughly 0.3 microns separating the superconducting banks. We have demonstrated that focused ion beam micromachining is capable of producing submicron sized superconducting structures and is a suitable technique for fabricating devices such as SQUIDS and the study of grain boundary effects in the films.