gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTIONS. PART 24. REDUCTIVE CYCLIZATION OF I‐(2‐HALOPHENYL)‐J‐PHENYL COMPOUNDS: A GENERAL REACTION (1982)

Abstract Durch elektrochemische Cyclisierung von Arylhalogeniden lassen sich kondensierte Ring‐ oder Heteroringsysteme [(II), (VI), (VIII), (X)] in guten Ausb. (Angaben in g) erhalten.
A software model for impact analysis: a validation experiment (2003)

Impact analysis is the process of identifying software work products that may be affected by proposed changes. This requires a software representation model that can formalize the knowledge about the various dependencies between work products. This study was carried out with the aim of objectively assessing whether the effectiveness of an impact analysis approach depends on the software dependency model employed. ANALYST, a tool for impact analysis, was used to implement different impact analysis approaches. The results show that the nature of the components and the traceability relationships employed for impact analysis influence the effectiveness of the approach, but different traceability models affect the various aspects of effectiveness differently. Moreover, this influence is independent of the software development approach, but is sensitive to software quality decay.
Graphene surface plasmons at the near-infrared optical regime (2014)

Graphene has been identified as an emerging horizon for a nanoscale photonic platform because the Fermi level of intrinsic graphene can be engineered to support surface plasmons (SPs). The current solid back electrical gating and chemical doping methods cannot facilitate the demonstration of graphene SPs at the near-infrared (NIR) window because of the limited shift of the Fermi level. Here, we present the evidence for the existence of graphene SPs on a tapered graphene-silicon waveguide tip at a NIR wavelength, employing a surface carrier transfer method with molybdenum trioxides. The coupling between the graphene surface plasmons and the guiding mode in silicon waveguides allows for the observation of the concentrated field of the SPs in the tip by near-field scanning optical microscopy. Thus the hot spot from the concentrated SPs in the graphene layer can be used as a key experimental signature of graphene SPs. The NIR graphene SPs opens a new perspective for optical communications, optical sensing and imaging, and optical data storage with extreme spatial confinement, broad bandwidth and high tunability.
Abstract 109: PET imaging of 89Zr-labeled Pertuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer xenografts (2014)

Abstract The sensitivity and quantitative properties of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging combined with the selectivity and high affinity of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) make a powerful tool in molecular imaging of diseases including breast cancer. Radiolabeling mAbs with the positron-emitting 89Zr has recently been useful in clinical trials due to its relatively long half-life (t1/2 = 3.3 days), which matches the pharmacokinetic properties of mAbs. Pertuzumab (Perjeta™) is an FDA-approved mAb for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer, in combination with Trastuzumab (Herceptin™) and chemotherapy. Herein, we evaluated 89Zr-labeled Pertuzumab as a PET imaging agent in transgenic mice-bearing human breast cancer. The 89Zr chelator, p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-desferrioxamine, was conjugated to Pertuzumab and subsequently radiolabeled with 89Zr. The immunoreactivity and specificity of 89Zr-Pertuzumab for HER2-expressing cells were determined in vitro and showed retention of 89Zr-Pertuzumab immunoreactivity and specific binding to HER2-expressing cells. Human breast cancer cells were inoculated subcutaneously in severely immunocompromised NOG mice, a model which allows for the growth of HER2-positive tumors without exogenous stimuli. 89Zr-Pertuzumab was injected via tail vein and imaged and 5 and 7 days post-injection (p.i.) followed by biodistribution studies. Optimal contrast was achieved at 5 days p.i., with higher tumor uptake in the HER2-positive xenograft than the HER2-negative model. Immunohistochemical analysis of these tumors is in agreement with PET imaging analysis. These results illustrate that 89Zr-Pertuzumab may be beneficial for the noninvasive assessment of HER2 expression. Citation Format: Bernadette V. Marquez, Oluwatayo F. Ikotun, Brian Wright, Alexander Zheleznyak, Pierce Richard, Suzanne E. Lapi. PET imaging of 89Zr-labeled Pertuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer xenografts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 109. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-109
Steric exclusion is the principal source of the preferential hydration of proteins in the presence of polyethylene glycols (1992)

The preferential interactions of bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, chymotrypsinogen, ribonuclease A, and beta-lactoglobulin with polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of molecular weight 200-6,000 have been measured by dialysis equilibrium coupled with high precision densimetry. All the proteins were found to be preferentially hydrated in all the PEGs, and the magnitude of the preferential hydration increased with increasing PEG size for each protein. The change in the chemical potentials of the proteins with the addition of the PEGs had highly positive values, indicating a strong thermodynamic destabilization of the system by the PEGs. A viscosity study of the PEGs showed them to be randomly coiled polymers, as their radii of gyration were related to the molecular weight by Rg = aM0.55. The thickness of the effective shell impenetrable to PEG around protein molecules, calculated from the preferential hydration, was found to vary with PEG molecular weight in similar fashion as the PEG radius of gyration, supporting the proposal (Arakawa, T. & Timasheff, S.N., 1985a, Biochemistry 24, 6756-6762) that the preferential exclusion of PEGs from proteins is due principally to the steric exclusion of PEG from the protein domain, although favorable interactions with protein surface residues, in particular nonpolar ones, may compete with the exclusion. These thermodynamically unfavorable preferential exclusion interactions lead to the action of PEGs as precipitants, although they may destabilize protein structure at higher temperatures.
Design Transaction Management (1984)

A design transaction is a sequence of operations mapping a consistent version of an object into a new version. We describe a mechanism, based on version checkout and change files, that supports controlled sharing and is resilient to crashes in a network of workstations and database servers.
[New aspects of inflammation prevention by means of non-steroid antiphlogistics: the effect of Voltaren]. (1975)

Voltaren, a non-steroid antiinflammatory agent (NSA) of an entirely new chemical structure, is characterized by the high degree of antiinflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activity it displays in animal experiments. Like other NSAs, the preparation inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, and various findings indicate that the spectrum of pharmacological activity of these agents is at least partly due to this inhibitory effect. Despite this common feature, however, there are quantitative and qualitative differences between Voltaren and other NSAs.
Low-temperature chemical vapor deposition of tungsten from tungsten hexacarbonyl (1982)

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of tungsten from W(CO)6 has been investigated below 670 K as an alternate process to WF6 CVD for coating glass microspheres. The major advantages of W(CO)6 CVD are the elimination of the HF damage to the glass microspheres and potentially a lower deposition temperature for coating DT-filled microspheres. W(CO)6 CVD can be utilized, in principle, to coat the microspheres with 1 to 5 μm of tungsten or to flash coat the microspheres for further coating by WF6 CVD. Test coatings were deposited in a fluidized-bed reactor with a hydrogen carrier gas. The coatings were found to contain nearly equal portions of carbon and oxygen, ranging from 16 to 25 at.% for each element. The high carbon and oxygen concentrations are believed to result principally from the physical entrapment of chemisorbed CO molecules at the surface of the growing deposit. The general quality and adhesion of the W(CO)6-derived coatings are unsatisfactory at this time for ICF applications.
SU‐GG‐T‐489: Inhomogeneity Correction On the Proton Beam in Radiotherapy Planning Using Computed Tomography for Head‐And‐Neck Tumors (2008)

Purpose: The inhomogeneous stopping power in a treatment planning system is determined by the relation of the hounsfield units (HU) of CT images to stopping power. To quantify differences between the dose distributions calculated by the proton treatment planning system and the actual dose distribution, because the inaccuracy of calculations may arise due to inhomogeneity by the presence of surface curvature, air cavities, and bony structures in the head‐and‐neck region. Method and Materials: We compared the two planning strategies for head‐and‐neck patients: (i) original CT; and (ii) corrected CT in which the HU values inside air cavity were replaced by −1000 of air HU value. Proton beam plans for original CT images were performed and then verification plans, using the same proton beam settings as those for the uncorrected CT images, were applied to the corrected CT images. In the plan comparison, the range shift of the proton beam and change of dose distribution between original CT and corrected CT images were revealed. Results: In some clinical data, DVH of plan using original CT demonstrated was different from the result using corrected CT. Target coverage is unaffected by whether the CT images are corrected or not, the irradiated volume of normal organs such as brain stem, optic chiasm, optic lens in verification plans with corrected CT is higher than that in plans with uncorrected CT. Conclusion: In proton radiotherapy, the correct prediction of proton beam range in treatment planning is critical for precise delivery of radiation does to the target. It could be important for purpose of range calculation of proton beams in treatment planning that the HU value of air cavity is replaced by optimal HU value making an allowance for CT artifacts for head‐and‐neck tumors.
Beyond Heart Murmur Detection: Automatic Murmur Grading from Phonocardiogram (2022)

Objective: Murmurs are abnormal heart sounds, identified by experts through cardiac auscultation. The murmur grade, a quantitative measure of the murmur intensity, is strongly correlated with the patient's clinical condition. This work aims to estimate each patient's murmur grade (i.e., absent, soft, loud) from multiple auscultation location phonocardiograms (PCGs) of a large population of pediatric patients from a low-resource rural area. Methods: The Mel spectrogram representation of each PCG recording is given to an ensemble of 15 convolutional residual neural networks with channel-wise attention mechanisms to classify each PCG recording. The final murmur grade for each patient is derived based on the proposed decision rule and considering all estimated labels for available recordings. The proposed method is cross-validated on a dataset consisting of 3456 PCG recordings from 1007 patients using a stratified ten-fold cross-validation. Additionally, the method was tested on a hidden test set comprised of 1538 PCG recordings from 442 patients. Results: The overall cross-validation performances for patient-level murmur gradings are 86.3% and 81.6% in terms of the unweighted average of sensitivities and F1-scores, respectively. The sensitivities (and F1-scores) for absent, soft, and loud murmurs are 90.7% (93.6%), 75.8% (66.8%), and 92.3% (84.2%), respectively. On the test set, the algorithm achieves an unweighted average of sensitivities of 80.4% and an F1-score of 75.8%. Conclusions: This study provides a potential approach for algorithmic pre-screening in low-resource settings with relatively high expert screening costs. Significance: The proposed method represents a significant step beyond detection of murmurs, providing characterization of intensity which may provide a enhanced classification of clinical outcomes.
Exploratory analysis tools for tree-based models in software measurement and analysis (2002)

The paper presents our experience with the adaptation and construction of exploratory analysis tools for tree-based models used in quality measurement and improvement. We extended a commercial off-the-shelf analysis tool to support visualization, presentation, and various other exploration functions. The user-oriented, interactive exploration of analysis results is supported by a new tool we constructed for this specific purpose. These tools have been used successfully in supporting software measurement and quality improvement for several large commercial software products developed in the IBM Software Solutions Toronto Laboratory.
Propulsion options for interstellar exploration (2000)

NASA is considering missions to explore near-interstellar space (40 - 250 Astronomical Units) early in the next decade as the first step toward a vigorous interstellar exploration program. A key enabling technology for such an ambitious science and exploration effort is a propulsion system capable of providing fast trip times, yet which has low enough mass to allow for the use of inexpensive launch vehicles. Advanced propulsion technologies that might support the First interstellar precursor mission by the end of the first decade of the new millennium include solar sails and nuclear electric propulsion. Solar sails and electric propulsion are two technology areas that may hold promise for the next generation of interstellar precursor missions as well - perhaps a thousand astronomical units traveled in a professional lifetime. Future missions to far beyond the Heliosphere will require the development of propulsion technologies that are only at the conceptual stage today. For years, the scientific community has been interested in solar sail and electric propulsion technologies to support robotic exploration of the solar system. Progress in thin-film materials fabrication and handling, and advancement in technologies that may enable the deployment of large sails in space are only now maturing to the point where ambitious interstellar precursor missions using sails can be considered. Xenon ion propulsion is now being demonstrated for planetary exploration by the Deep Space 1 mission. The primary issues for the adaptation of electric propulsion to interstellar precursor applications include the development of low specific mass nuclear power systems, engine lifetime, and high power operation. Recent studies of interstellar precursor mission scenarios that use these propulsion systems will be described, and the range of application of each technology will be explored.
Development of electromagnetic wave absorbers to improve ETC communication environment (2008)

In this paper, we investigated EM wave absorber for a ceiling of a tollgate in ETC system. The EM wave absorber samples were made of CPE and Flake Sendust powders, which can be manufactured with mechanical forging of spherical Sendust powders using attrition mill to get high value of magnetic permeability and dielectric permittivity in high frequency range. The absorption ability of the samples were measured by vector network analyzer. We compared the absorption abilities of the samples. These material constants were calculated from the S-parameter. EM wave absorber is designed by using material property and variation of thickness at 5.8 GHz. The optimized composition ratio of absorbing materials was Flake Sendust powders: CPE = 62.5 : 37.5 wt.%, and absorption ability of the EM wave absorber with thickness of 2.85 mm showed more than 20 dB at 5.8 GHz. Therefore, it is expected that the newly developed absorber can be used for countermeasure against EMI from a ceiling of a tollgate in ETC system.
1005. Aromatic reactivity. Part XX. Diphenyl ether, diphenyl sulphide, dibenzofuran, and dibenzothiophen in detritiation (1961)

R. Baker and C. Eaborn, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 5077 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610005077
Deferasirox (2007)

Deferasirox, a tridentate oral chelator approved for the treatment of chronic iron overload due to blood transfusions, offers a promising alternative for patients unwilling or unable to comply with deferoxamine therapy.
Abstract WMP1: DWI ASPECT Scores And Infarct Volume As Predictors Of Outcome After Recanalization In Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke (2013)

Background and Purpose: Final infarct volume has previously been shown to be a major predictor of outcome after endovascular therapy for middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. However, the importance of specific location of infarct within the MCA territory has not been described. We sought to assess the predictive value of specific topographic regions as predictors of outcomes in a homogeneous cohort of patients treated with endovascular therapy of M1 occlusive disease who underwent post procedure MRI. Methods: A retrospective review of our prospectively maintained single center endovascular database was performed. Automated software was used to measure infarct volume and the DWI ASPECT score was assessed by visual inspection using standard templates. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to determine predictors of favorable outcomes using each of the 10 regions as part of the ASPECT score as well as total ASPECT score. Results: 100 patients were identified. 56% were female. Median age was 70. Successful recanalization was achieved with TIMI 2/3 flow in 87% of patients and TICI 2B/3 in 61% of patients. Good outcomes (mRS 0-2 at 3 months) in 46% of patients. There was no difference between outcomes based on the hemisphere involved. Median final infarct on DWI MRI at 24 hours was 39 cc. Median ASPECT score was 6. In multivariate analysis, strong predictors of good outcomes included: age (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.8-0.96, p=0.006), serum glucose on admission (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-1, p=0.046) and ASPECT score on MRI (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.03-1.05, p=0.03). There was a high correlation between the volume of infarct and ASPECT score on the post recanalization MRI (Spearman’s rho of -0.76). Conclusions: Quantitative (automated software) and semi-quantitative (ASPECT score values) measurements of infarct size are highly predictive of outcomes after recanalization therapy in middle cerebral artery infarcts. No single topographic region or combination of regions is predictive of outcome, whereas total ASPECT scores are highly predictive. These data support the role of post procedural MRI in guiding prognosis after anterior circulation infarct.
Multiple access communication over the power line channel: a CDMA approach (2002)

This paper deals with CDMA based multiple access communication over an in-house power line channel. Three receivers are described: a RAKE receiver; a MMSE equalizer which estimates the symbols sent at the chip rate, assuming these symbols are i.d.d. (independent and identically distributed); a MMSE equalizer which acts directly on the information symbols. Performance of these receivers is assessed with a special emphasis on the tradeoff between performance and complexity.
An experimental study on mechanical properties of GFRP braid-pultruded composite rods (2009)

In this work, a conventional textile braiding machine was modified and added to a pultrusion line in order to produce glass fiber reinforced composite rods by braiding-pultrusion technique. Braid-pultruded (BP) rods were produced with three braid roving linear densities and also with three different braid angles. To study the influence of overbraiding on mechanical properties of pultruded rods, unidirectional (UD) rods, without braided fabric, were produced, as well. All rod types were subjected to tensile, bending and torsion tests. The experimental results showed that BP rods have considerably higher shear modulus, but lower tensile modulus and flexural rigidity than those of UD pultruded rods, when fiber volume fraction is kept constant. Moreover, rods produced with higher braid roving linear densities had better torsional, but lower tensile and flexural properties. The highest shear modulus was observed in BP rods with braid angle of 45.
Support optimization for additive manufacturing: application to FDM (2018)

Purpose This paper aims to present a new methodology to optimize the support generation within the FDM process. Design/methodology/approach Different methods of support generation exist, but they are limited with regards to complex parts. This paper proposes a method dedicated to support generation, integrated into CAD software. The objective is to minimize the volume of support and its impact on a part's surface finish. Two case studies illustrate the methodology. The support generation is based on an octree's discretization of the part. Findings The method represents a first solid step in the support optimization for a reasonable calculation time. It has the advantage of being virtually automatic. The only tasks to be performed by the designer are to place the part to be studied with respect to the CAD reference and to give the ratio between the desired support volume and the maximum volume of support. Research limitations/implications In the case studies, a low gain in manufacturing time was observed. This is explained by the honeycomb structure of the support generated by a common slicing software whilst the proposed method uses a "full" structure. It would be interesting to study the feasibility of an optimized support, with a honeycomb structure but with a preservation of the surface which is in contact with the part. Originality/value This solution best fits the needs of the designer and manufacturer already taking advantage of existing solutions. It is adaptable to any part if the withdrawal of support is taken into account. It also allows the designer to validate the generation of support throughout the CAD without breaking the digital chain.
Reactive Ion Etching of Copper Films in a SiCl4 ,  N 2 , Cl2, and  NH 3 Mixture (1996)

High‐rate and highly directional reactive ion etching of copper films is examined by adding and to the and mixture. The etching rate of copper increases with increasing flow rate at temperatures higher than 280°C. However, the addition of causes side etching of the Cu patterns. Adding forms a SiN‐like protective film that prevents side etching. The sidewall taper can be controlled by the flow rate and etching gas pressure because the formation of the SiN‐like protective film depends on these parameters. Fine Cu patterns are obtained by reactive ion etching with a , and mixture, achieving an etching rate about six times higher than that with a and mixture.
Exploiting the 1/f structure of neural signals for the design of integrated neural amplifiers (2009)

Neural amplifiers require a large time-constant high-pass filter at approximately 1Hz to reject large DC offsets while amplifying low frequency neural signals. This high pass filter is typically realized using large area capacitors and teraohm resistances which makes integration difficult. In this paper, we present a novel topology for a neural amplifier which exploits the (1/f)(n) power spectra of local field potentials (LFP). Using a high-pass filter at approximately 100Hz, we pre-filter the LFP before amplification. Post digitization, we can recover the LFP signal by building the inverse of the high pass filter in software. We built an array of neural amplifiers based on this principle and tested it on rats chronically implanted with microelectrode arrays. We found that we could recover the initial LFP signal and the power spectral information over time with correlation coefficient greater than 0.94.