gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Parallel Synthesis Efficiency through Tandem Pd-Catalyzed S- and N-Arylation Reactions:  Single-Vessel Formation of Aminobenzothiazoles (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTEnhanced Parallel Synthesis Efficiency through Tandem Pd-Catalyzed S- and N-Arylation Reactions: Single-Vessel Formation of AminobenzothiazolesMatthew D. Vera and Jeffrey C. PelletierView Author Information Department of Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426 Cite this: J. Comb. Chem. 2007, 9, 4, 569–570Publication Date (Web):June 6, 2007Publication History Received16 April 2007Published online6 June 2007Published inissue 1 July 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cc0700602https://doi.org/10.1021/cc0700602brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views682Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Chemical synthesis,Cyclization,Organic reactions,Purification Get e-Alerts
Database sharing (1972)

It is the purpose of this paper to examine the problems of contention which arise naturally when a number of programs are granted simultaneous access to a database for the purpose of update as well as inquiry. A LOCK-UNLOCK mechanism, applied at the group (or record) level is assumed. Incremental allocation of groups is permitted; hence deadlocks are possible. Of particular interest are the frequencies of three events:
Intranasal Delivery of Antiviral siRNA (2011)

Intranasal administration of synthetic siRNA is an effective modality of RNAi delivery for the prevention and therapy of respiratory diseases, including pulmonary infections. Vehicles used for nasal siRNA delivery include established as well as novel reagents, many of which have been recently optimized. In general, they all promote significant uptake of siRNA into the lower respiratory tract, including the lung. When properly designed and optimized, these siRNAs offer significant protection against respiratory viruses such as influenza virus, parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Nasally administered siRNA remains within the lung and does not access systemic blood flow, as judged by its absence in other major organs such as liver, heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle. Adverse immune reaction is generally not encountered, especially when immunogenic and/or off-target siRNA sequences and toxic vehicles are avoided. In fact, siRNA against RSV has entered Phase II clinical trials in human with promising results. Here, we provide a standardized procedure for using the nose as a specific route for siRNA delivery into the lung of laboratory animals. It should be clear that this simple and efficient system has enormous potential for therapeutics.
Genetic markers for retinitis pigmentosa. (2005)

Rapid developments in the understanding of the genetics of retinitis pigmentosa have helped to establish genetic tests of clinical value. The complex mode of inheritance nonetheless makes genetic counselling difficult, even in the presence of positive genetic screening results.
Single-phase power service from central stations (1916)

The purpose of the paper is to outline several methods by which single-phase power may be supplied from a polyphase system and to discuss their advantages and disadvantages. The unbalance in voltage when single-phase power is supplied direct from a polyphase circuit is explained. The law of distribution of load in the polyphase system is deduced, and the limitations of this method of supplying single-phase power is discussed. Single-phase generation is one solution of the problem, motor or steam drive may be used depending on the size of unit required. An outline of the theory of the single-phase generator is given from different points of view. The essential requirements for phase balancing are deduced from which an outline of the theory of phase balancing is developed. Attention is called to the requirements of the control apparatus. The behavior of the balancer under short circuit is given consideration. The merits of single-phase generation and phase balancing in the case of a single-phase load from one phase are discussed, with the conclusion that there is little difference in cost between the two schemes and there is much to be said in favor of single-phase generation for such a case.
Characterization of plasma etch processes using measurements of discharge impedance (1994)

Actual power delivered to the discharge, rf voltage, rf current, phase angle, and dc bias have been measured using commercially available impedance and power meters placed directly on the powered electrode of a parallel-plate diode etcher. The variation of these electrical quantities as discharge parameters such as power, pressure, electrode spacing, gas mixing ratio, and total flow are varied has been investigated for both electropositive and electronegative gases. It was found that the transfer efficiency of the matching network depends significantly on the process conditions and can be as low as 55% of the generator output. Polysilicon etch rate experiments were performed to determine the effect of varying the actual power delivered to the discharge and possible interaction with other process parameters such as pressure, as opposed to considering solely the rf generator output. End point was detected by measuring the change in the discharge impedance while etching through a polysilicon film. The sensitivity of this technique was compared with that of more commonly used optical emission methods.
Elongin (SIII): A Multisubunit Regulator of Elongation by RNA Polymerase II (1995)

The Elongin (SIII) complex activates elongation by mammalian RNA polymerase II by suppressing transient pausing of the polymerase at many sites within transcription units. Elongin is a heterotrimer composed of A, B, and C subunits of 110, 18, and 15 kilodaltons, respectively. Here, the mammalian Elongin A gene was isolated and expressed, and the Elongin (SIII) complex reconstituted with recombinant subunits. Elongin A is shown to function as the transcriptionally active component of Elongin (SIII) and Elongin B and C as regulatory subunits. Whereas Elongin C assembles with Elongin A to form an AC complex with increased specific activity, Elongin B, a member of the ubiquitin-homology gene family, appears to serve a chaperone-like function, facilitating assembly and enhancing stability of the Elongin (SIII) complex.
Stable Stealth Function for Hollow Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules through a Poly(ethylene glycol) Grafted Polyelectrolyte Adlayer (2007)

Prospective biomedical applications of hollow polyelectrolyte microcapsules, for example, as drug delivery systems, require surface modifications that help to escape clearance by the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS). Layer-by-layer assembled microcapsules that were alternatingly composed of polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) and polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) were coated with adlayers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted poly-L-lysine (PLL-g-PEG) and poly-L-glutamic acid (PGA-g-PEG). Their effects on MPS recognition were studied in primary cell cultures of human monocyte derived dendritic cells and macrophages. PGA-g-PEG coatings had no significant effect on cellular recognition, which may be explained by insufficient PEG density of the adlayer. Contrary, PLL-g-PEG effectively blocked phagocytosis of coated microcapsules. In addition, PLL-g-PEG coatings showed efficient adlayer stability for at least 3 weeks, and PAH/PSS microcapsules did not impair phagocyte viability. Our results demonstrate that layer-by-layer assembled polyelectrolyte microcapsules coated with a PEG-grafted polyelectrolyte, PLL-g-PEG, represent a promising platform for a drug delivery system that escapes fast clearance by the MPS.
Association of low‐frequency genetic variants in regulatory regions with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (2018)

Genome-wide scans have shown that common risk alleles for orofacial clefts (OFC) tend to be located in noncoding regulatory elements and cumulatively explain only part of the heritability of OFCs. Low-frequency variants may account for some of the "missing" heritability. Therefore, we scanned low-frequency variants located within putative craniofacial enhancers to identify novel OFC risk variants and implicate new regulatory elements in OFC pathogenesis. Analyses were performed in a multiethnic sample of 1,995 cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), 221 cases with cleft palate (CP) only, and 1,576 unaffected controls. One hundred and nineteen putative craniofacial enhancers identified from ChIP-Seq studies in craniofacial tissues or cell lines contained multiple low-frequency (0.01-1%) variants, which we genotyped in participants using a custom Illumina panel. Two complementary statistical approaches, sequence kernel association test and combined multivariate and collapsing, were used to test association of the aggregated low-frequency variants across each enhancer region with CL/P and CP. We discovered a significant association between CP and a branchial arch enhancer near FOXP1 (mm60; p-value = .0002). Additionally, we observed a suggestive association between CL/P and a forebrain enhancer near FOXE1 (hs1717; p-value = .001). These findings suggest that low-frequency variants in craniofacial enhancer regions contribute to the complex etiology of nonsyndromic OFCs.
A new model of coal-water interaction and relevance for dewatering (1991)

This project is concerned with the ability of coal to hold moisture is it a manifestation of the well-known ability of coal to swell, when exposed to good solvents The question implies that the long-held belief that coal holds a significant portion of its moisture by classical capillary condensation processes, is possibly in error. To explore this hypothesis further requires an examination of the basic phenomena governing the swelling of coals in good solvents. This is the focus of the first part of this project. The possibility that coal holds a significant portion of its moisture by solvent swelling mechanisms leads to an interesting technical issue. It is well known that simple drying of low rank coals is ineffective because the process is reversible. Mild pyrolytic treatments of the coals in oil, steam or liquid water itself pyrolytically remove oxygen groups, which are assumed to be those that hold water most strongly by hydrogen bonding. The treatments have been designed to minimize tar formation and decrepitation of the particles. In relation to the present new hypothesis concerning water retention, it is likely that a sound approach to permanent drying would involve highly crosslinking the coal at mild drying conditions. The crosslinked coal could not swell sufficiently to hold much water. It is identifying processes to achieve this goal, that constitute the objective of the second phase of this work.
Supplementary Methods, Figures and References from Dynamic Mathematical Modeling of IL13-Induced Signaling in Hodgkin and Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma Allows Prediction of Therapeutic Targets (2023)

Supplementary Methods, Figures and References from Dynamic Mathematical Modeling of IL13-Induced Signaling in Hodgkin and Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma Allows Prediction of Therapeutic Targets
A degradable cross-linked polymer containing dynamic covalent selenide bond (2017)

A new method for preparing a degradable cross-linked polymer containing dynamic selenide was demonstrated.
Deficiency or blockade of angiotensin II type 2 receptor delays tumorigenesis by inhibiting malignant cell proliferation and angiogenesis (2010)

Despite significant expression level in cancer cells, the role of the angiotensin II Type 2 receptor (AT2R) in cancer progression remains poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the involvement of AT2R in tumorigenesis, hypothesizing a role in tumor cell proliferation and/or tumor angiogenesis. Two animal tumor models were used: fibrosarcoma induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA) in FVB/N mice invalidated for AT2R (AT2R-KO) and carcinoma LL/2 cells injected in C57BL/6N mice treated with AT2R antagonist PD123,319. Tumor growth was monitored, microvascular density (MVD) evaluated by CD31 staining. Proliferation index of LL/2 and 3-MCA tumor cells was evaluated by expression of Ki-67. Angiogenesis was assessed by aorta ring assay and angiogenic mediators' expression by real-time RT-PCR. Tumor induction by 3-MCA was significantly delayed in AT2R-KO compared to wild-type mice (56 days vs. 28 days). Tumorigenesis following LL/2 cell injection in mice was also significantly reduced by early administration of the antagonist PD123,319. In vitro, inactivation or invalidation of AT2R inhibited proliferation of LL/2 and 3-MCA tumor cells, respectively. Tumor MVD was reduced in mice treated early with PD123,319. Ex vivo experiments revealed a significant decrease in angiogenesis after PD123,319 treatment or in AT2R-KO mice. Finally, we identified vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a soluble proangiogenic factor produced by LL/2 cells and we showed that in LL/2 and 3-MCA tumor cells, inhibition or deficiency of AT2R was associated with impaired production of proangiogenic factors included VEGF. This study uncovered novel mechanisms by which AT2R would promote tumor development, favoring both malignant cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis.
Ultrasound imaging using all-optical power and signal transfer in catheters (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Smart medical catheters face a connectivity challenge. An example is found in ultrasound imaging where the supply of power at the distal end and the signal transmission requires many thin and fragile wires in order to keep the catheter thin and flexible and this leads to a relatively high cost of production. We have built a fully functional benchtop demonstrator that is immediately scalable to catheter dimensions, in which all electrical wires are replaced by just two optical fibers. We show signal transfer of synthetic aperture ultrasound images as well as photovoltaic conversion to supply all electronics. The absence of conductors provides excellent galvanic isolation as well as RF and MRI compatibility and the simple design utilizing off the shelf components holds a promise of cost effectiveness all of which may help translation of these advanced devices into the clinic. We show photovoltaic conversion of 405 nm light to 45 V and 1.8 V by two blue LEDs as well as 200 MHz broad-band signal transfer using modulated 850 nm VCSEL light. Synthetic aperture ultrasound images are acquired at a frequency of 12 MHz with a collapse-mode capacitive-micromachined ultrasonic transducer. Bandwidth, noise level and dynamic range are nearly identical as shown in comparison of the images acquired with the optical link and its electrical equivalent. In conclusion, we have successfully demonstrated low-cost and scalable optical signal and power transmission for an ultrasound imaging system enjoying intrinsic RF / MRI compatibility and galvanic isolation.
Support of Intelligent Integration of Information Using an Asynchronous Trigger Processor (2000)

Abstract : This effort has resulted in the development of an architecture for and prototype implementation of a new type of database rule system: the scalable, asynchronous trigger processor. A scalable, asynchronous trigger processor enhances existing database management systems and other information sources with the ability to trigger actions when new information meets criteria specified in rule conditions. Rule actions can update the database, call database procedures, or send alerts to people or running application programs. The prototype developed as part of this project, called TriggerMan, has demonstrated the capability to process tens of thousands of rules efficiently, and has the potential to scale to millions. The techniques implemented in TriggerMan to achieve scalability include a novel rule indexing technique and multi-threaded parallelism on a shared-memory multiprocessor. Investigations include easy-to-use techniques for processing temporal triggers (triggers with conditions based on how data changes over time); efficient methods for inferring updates done to passive data sources that do not support triggers; a query-decomposition based approach to testing join conditions in rules; and methods for testing trigger conditions efficiently when they contain expensive predicates.
O PTIMAL P REHOSPITAL C ARDIOVASCULAR C ARE (2001)

Optimal prehospital cardiovascular care may improve the morbidity and mortality associated with acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) that begin in the community. Reducing the time delays from AMI symptom onset to intervention begins with maximizing effective patient education to reduce patient delay in recognizing symptoms and seeking assistance. Transportation delays can be minimized by appropriate use of 911 systems and improving technological 911 support. Patient triage to heart centers from the prehospital setting requires strict and comprehensive definition of the criteria for these centers by competent, unbiased clinical societies or governmental agencies. Prehospital 12-lead electrocardiograms and initiation of thrombolytic therapy can provide acute diagnosis and early treatment, thus facilitating faster processing and more directed in-hospital intervention. They also minimize over- and undertriage of patients to cardiac centers. Although evidence from investigational trials suggests that many of these procedures are effective, more research is required to ensure correct implementation and quality assurance at all emergency service levels.
Development of the induction heating stress improvement for a nozzle with a thermal sleeve. (1988)

The Induction Heating Stress Improvement (IHSI) technique is regarded as one of the most effective remedies for intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) cocuring in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of susceptible stainless steel in some boiling water reactor piping systems. In this process, cooling water must flow at a velocity high enough to keep the inside surface of the pipe relatively cool, creating a high temperature gradient through the pipe wall. However, nuclear plant pipings, where forced flowing during this process may be difficult, have been welded. This paper presents computer simulation analyses and experimental verifications of post-IHSI residual stress distribution of the welded portion of a nozzle with a thermal sleeve, where forced water cooling is difficult. From these analyses and experiments a new IHSI technique is developed. This technique consists of new heating method which has temperature grandient through both the pipe wall and longitudinal direction.
On the maximum feedback delay in a linear/nonlinear control system with input disturbances caused by controller-computer failures (1994)

Electromagnetic interferences or other environmental disturbances may cause transient failures to the controller computer of a real-time control system. Such a faulty controller either fails to update the control input for one or more sampling periods, or generates erroneous control inputs until the failure is handled properly or disappears. The goal of this paper is to derive the maximum duration of controller's faulty behavior, called the hard deadline, a real-time control system can tolerate without losing stability or leaving its allowed state space. For linear time-invariant control systems, one can derive hard deadlines by testing the stability of their state difference equations which account for the effects of stationary occurrences of disturbances to, as well as the random delays in, the control input. Similarly, one can derive deadlines for nonlinear time-invariant control systems by linearizing their nonlinear state equations and using the Lyapunov's first method. In addition to this stationary model, a one-shot event model is considered for linear/nonlinear time-invariant control systems by using their state trajectories and allowed state spaces. The hard deadline information that represents the knowledge of the controlled process's inertia and timing constraints is applied to the design and evaluation of controller computers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
First in vivo imaging studies of cyclotron produced 99mTc-HMPAO (2015)

In the framework of APOTEMA (Acceleratordriven&#13;\nProduction of TEchnetium/Molybdenum for medical Applications)&#13;\nresearch project, funded by INFN since 2012, the direct&#13;\n99mTc production route via the 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc nuclear reaction has&#13;\nbeen studied and an automated extraction and separation module for&#13;\nhigh 99mTc yields has been developed. In this work the first Italian&#13;\nin vivo imaging studies performed as well by using the cerebral radiopharmaceutical&#13;\n(RF) HMPAO labelled with generator- and&#13;\naccelerator-produced 99mTc are presented.
A polynomial-time method to find the sparsest unobservable attacks in power networks (2016)

Power injection attacks that alter generation and loads at buses in power networks are studied. The system operator employs Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) to detect such physical attacks, while attackers devise attacks that are unobservable by such PMU networks. “Unalterable buses”, whose power injections cannot be changed, are also considered in our model. It is shown that, given the PMU locations, the minimum sparsity of unobservable attacks has a simple form with probability one, namely, equation, where equation is defined as the vulnerable vertex connectivity of an augmented graph. The constructive proof allows one to find the entire set of the sparsest unobservable attacks in polynomial time.
Using HDR Sky Luminance Maps to Improve Accuracy of Virtual Work Plane Illuminance Sensors (2017)

Virtual sensors use simulation to predict conditions at predetermined locations. Such sensors can potentially replace physical sensors for controlling automated building systems, saving cost, labor, and permitting sensor locations that would not be feasible for physical devices. This study tests the accuracy of virtual work plane illuminance sensors against real world measurements in a physical, scale model illuminated under varying sky conditions. We consider three methods for modelling exterior daylight conditions as follows: 1. The Perez All-weather sky. 2. A horizontal HDR sky image. 3. A vertically oriented hemispherical HDR image of the exterior environment.