gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalization of the Van Cittert-Zernike theorem to scattering sources and the relevant inverse problem (1996)

In the present paper the second-order optical coherence properties of the radiation <strong>scattered</strong> by an arbitrary three-dimensional time-independent object characterized by a deterministic scattering potential are considered.
Markovian segmentation of 3D brain MRI to detect Multiple Sclerosis lesions (2008)

This paper proposes a new method to detect multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions on 3D multimodal brain MR images. MS lesions are detected as voxels that are not well explained by a statistical model for normal brain images. These outliers are extracted using the trimmed likelihood estimator (TLE). Spatial regularization is performed using a hidden Markov chain (HMC) model. Tests on real brain MR images with MS lesions have been carried out and results have been compared to manual expert segmentation to validate the proposed method.
La langue des documents contractuels et le droit de l’UE (2016)

International audience
Nonlinear SVM Approaches to QSPR/QSAR Studies and Drug Design (2007)

Recently, a new promising nonlinear method, the support vector machine (SVM), was proposed by Vapnik. It rapidly found numerous applications in chemistry, biochemistry and pharmacochemistry. Several attempts using SVM in drug design have been reported. It became an attractive nonlinear approach in this field. In this review, the theoretical basis of SVM in classification and regression is briefly described. Its applications in QSPR/QSAR studies, and particularly in drug design are discussed. Comparative studies with some linear and other nonlinear methods show SVMs high performance both in classification and correlation. Keywords: Support vector machine (SVM), QSPR/QSAR, drug-design, classification, correlation
Macrophage apoptosis in the absence of active interleukin-1β-converting enzyme (1995)

The interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) is the cysteine proteinase responsible for cleaving the 31-kDa interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) precursor to its active 17-kDa form. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cultured macrophages, induction of apoptosis but not necrosis effectively induces conversion of the IL-1 beta precursor to its mature form and results in the concomitant release of the mature cytokine from the cell. To determine whether ICE activity is required for macrophage apoptosis, we have exposed macrophages either to 5 mM ATP or to alloreactive cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the absence and presence of the ICE inhibitor peptide YVAD-chloromethylketone (YVAD-emk). Activated cells treated with YVAD-emk and ATP or CTL showed no mature IL-1 beta in either the cell lysates or the culture supernatants, indicating effective inhibition of ICE activity; however, the YVAD-treated macrophages showed no detectable change in 51Cr release or nuclear fragmentation, indicating failure to inhibit apoptotic cell death. Thus, in these cells, YVAD-emk uncouples IL-1 beta processing and apoptosis.
Coherent optical adaptive techniques: design and performance of an 18-element visible multidither COAT system (1976)

Coherent Optical Adaptive Techniques (COAT) offer promise for overcoming the deleterious effects of phase distortions experienced by optical beams propagating in a turbulent and absorbing atmosphere. An 18-element, visible wavelength, multidither COAT system is described. The all solid-state servosystem design was based on the results of an extensive computer simulation. The optical system uses a 0.488-microm argon laser and an array of beam splitters, phase shifters, and beam combiners (termed a phasor matrix) to form the output array. To date, 6- and 8-element linear arrays and an 18-element axisymmetric array have been investigated. The system has demonstrated a convergence time of 1.2 msec and can form the array with a strehl ratio of 0.67. Moving glint tracking, multiple glint discrimination, and offset pointing from a fixed reference have been demonstrated. Good agreement has been observed between measured system results and theoretical predictions.
Postdiagnosis BMI Change Is Associated with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Survival (2021)

Our findings, which reinforce the importance of postdiagnosis BMI surveillance, suggest that weight loss or large weight gain may be unwarranted.
Connection between giant magnetoresistance and structure in molecular-beam epitaxy and sputtered Fe/Cr superlattices (1996)

We have performed a comparison of magnetoresistance and structure of epitaxial and textured Fe/Cr superlattices grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) and magnetron sputtering with either (110) and (100) orientations on a variety of substrates. MBE samples grown along the (100) orientation, exhibit narrower rocking curves (mosaic spread) and lower saturation resistivities than sputtered samples. On the other hand, (110) MBE and sputtered samples have comparable saturation resistivities. The magnetoresistance (\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\rho}) of MBE and sputtered samples are comparable. Epitaxial MBE samples, with small rocking curves, show a clear correlation between the magnetoresistance and rocking curve width. In sputtered samples, roughness, controlled by the deposition pressure, plays an important role although the general trends depend on orientation and mosaic spread of the samples. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Correction to: Process-property correlations in laser-induced graphene electrodes for electrochemical sensing (2021)

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s00604-021-04792-3
Selective Synthesis and Characterization of the Highly Energetic Materials 1‐Hydroxy‐5H‐tetrazole (CHN4O), its Anion 1‐Oxido‐5H‐tetrazolate (CN4O−) and Bis(1‐hydroxytetrazol‐5‐yl)triazene (2021)

For the first time, an adequate selective synthesis, circumventing the formation of 2-hydroxy-5H-tetrazole, of 1-hydroxy-5H-tetrazole (HTO), as well as the synthesis of bis(1-hydroxytetrazol-5-yl)triazene (H<sub>3</sub> T) are reported. Several salts thereof were synthesized and characterized which resulted in the formation of new primary and secondary explosives containing the 1-oxidotetrazolate unit. Molecular structures are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, <sup>1</sup> H and <sup>13</sup> C NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. Calculation of the detonation performance using the Explo5 code confirmed the energetic properties of 1-hydroxy-5H-tetrazole. The detonation properties can be adjusted to the requirements for those of a secondary explosive by forming the hydroxylammonium (6) or hydrazinium (7) salts, or to meet the requirements of a primary explosive by forming the silver salt 4, which shows a fast DDT on contact with a flame. The sensitivities of all compounds towards external stimuli such as impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge were measured.
The effect of aromatic amines on the photopolymerization of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (1987)

The ability of aromatic amines to accelerate the photoinitiated polymerization of multifunctional acrylates in the presence of oxygen is shown to be dependent on the structure of the amine. For N, N-dimethylaniline, a rapid oxygen-scavenging process which proceeds by a radical-chain mechanism accounts for the large polymerization rate increase. Conversely, aniline cannot sustain an oxygen-scavenging process and inhibits the polymerization of air-saturated monomers. In general, the degree of rate enhancement and/or inhibition of the aromatic amines investigated is subject to the amine concentration.
[Mitochondrial diseases in children including Leigh syndrome--biochemical and molecular background]. (2008)

Mitochondrial diseases in children are more frequently caused by mutations in nuclear DNA then in mtDNA. Special clinical phenotypes are associated with the mutations in SURF1 gene, in SCO2 gene and with mtDNA depletion syndromes. Leigh syndrome is the most common clinical presentation of various mitochondrial disorders during childhood. Elevation of lactate in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine is a simple biochemical marker of mitochondrial disorders but its specificity and sensitivity are low. Biochemical investigation of muscle biopsy and search for mitochondrial mutations remain a gold standard in the diagnosis. The standarized diagnostic criteria to establish level of diagnostic certainty (possible, probable, definite) are proposed to be used in practice; these include clinical features, neuroimaging and muscle biopsy investigations. Further research directions to improve our understanding of mitochondrial pathologies in children are suggested.
A Double Resonance Approach to Submillimeter/Terahertz Remote Sensing at Atmospheric Pressure (2008)

The remote sensing of gases in complex mixtures at atmospheric pressure is a challenging problem and much attention has been paid to it. The most fundamental difference between this application and highly successful astrophysical and upper atmospheric remote sensing is the line width associated with atmospheric pressure broadening, ~ 5 GHz in all spectral regions. In this paper, we discuss quantitatively a new approach that would use a short pulse infrared laser to modulate the submillimeter/terahertz (SMM/THz) spectral absorptions on the time scale of atmospheric relaxation. We show that such a scheme has three important attributes. 1) The time resolved pump makes it possible and efficient to separate signal from atmospheric and system clutter, thereby gaining as much as a factor of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> in sensitivity. 2) The 3-D information matrix (infrared pump laser frequency, SMM/THz probe frequency, and time resolved SMM/THz relaxation) can provide orders of magnitude greater specificity than a sensor that uses only one of these three dimensions. 3) The congested and relatively weak spectra associated with large molecules can actually be an asset because the usually deleterious effect of their overlapping spectra can be used to increase signal strength.
A Deep Temporal Fusion Framework for Scene Flow Using a Learnable Motion Model and Occlusions (2021)

Motion estimation is one of the core challenges in computer vision. With traditional dual-frame approaches, occlusions and out-of-view motions are a limiting factor, especially in the context of environmental perception for vehicles due to the large (ego-) motion of objects. Our work pro-poses a novel data-driven approach for temporal fusion of scene flow estimates in a multi-frame setup to overcome the issue of occlusion. Contrary to most previous methods, we do not rely on a constant motion model, but instead learn a generic temporal relation of motion from data. In a second step, a neural network combines bi-directional scene flow estimates from a common reference frame, yielding a refined estimate and a natural byproduct of occlusion masks. This way, our approach provides a fast multi-frame extension for a variety of scene flow estimators, which outperforms the underlying dual-frame approaches.
Animal Models of Kidney Diseases (2008)

Kidney diseases can be devastating illnesses with a high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of end-stage renal failure is increasing at a rate of 6–8% annually worldwide. Animal models are essential for understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms governing the onset and progression of various kidney diseases and for preclinically testing novel, more effective, treatments for the patients afflicted with renal impairment. Despite the presence of several nonrodent models, rats and mice remain principal and indispensable species used by investigators in the field of nephrology. In this chapter, we provide a concise review of the most commonly used kidney disease models. Emphasis is placed on several well-established models, such as the ischemic/reperfusion acute renal failure model, remnant kidney model, and unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Undoubtedly, establishment of authentic animal models is of vital importance in delineating the mechanisms of a range of human kidney diseases and in evaluating the feasibility and efficacy of novel therapeutic interventions.
Table S1 from The <i>MCT4</i> Gene: A Novel, Potential Target for Therapy of Advanced Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;List of Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs) and qPCR Primer Sequences used.&lt;/p&gt;
The Effect of Equine Recombinant Growth Hormone on Second Intention Wound Healing in Horses (2002)

Objective— To evaluate the effect of intramuscular administration of recombinant equine growth hormone on healing of full thickness skin wounds on equine limbs. Study design— Experimental. Animals— Nine Standardbred horses. Methods— In study 1, standardized full thickness skin wounds (2.5 × 2.5 cm) were made over the dorsomedial aspect of the mid‐cannon bone of 1 forelimb and 1 hindlimb in 9 horses. Wounds were bandaged without treatment (control subjects) and videorecorded twice weekly until healed. Then, in study 2, similar wounds were created on the opposite limbs; 6 horses were administered intramuscular recombinant equine growth hormone (10 μg/kg daily for 7 days, then 20 μg/kg daily for 49 days), and 3 horses (control subjects) were administered equivalent volumes of sterile water. Wounds were videorecorded twice weekly until healed. Wound healing variables were measured from the videorecordings using a computer software package and analyzed as a randomized complete block design factorial analysis of variance; significance was set at P &lt; .05 . Results— No differences in the measured variables were detected between wounds in study 1 and the control wounds in study 2. In recombinant equine growth hormone–treated horses, wounds retracted more during treatment and contracted faster after treatment stopped when compared with wounds from untreated horses. No other treatment effects were detected. Conclusions— Recombinant equine growth hormone seemingly increases wound retraction. After treatment ceases, wound contraction increases. Clinical relevance— Intramuscular administration of recombinant equine growth hormone (10 μg/kg daily for 7 days, then 20 μg/kg daily for 49 days) does not appear to have any beneficial clinical effect on healing of equine limb wounds.
Minimally Invasive Sacroiliac Fixation in Oncologic Patients With Sacral Insufficiency Fractures Using a Fluoroscopy-based Navigation System (2010)

These preliminary data suggest that navigated percutaneous SI screw fixation is a safe and effective intervention in terms of pain control and performance status improvement in oncologic patients with sacral insufficiency fractures. For optimal fixation, multiple long screws that engage both iliac bones may be inserted through the S1 level in a safe manner. The technique may be combined with sacroplasty or closed posterior instrumentation to augment the screw fixation. Further investigation is needed to compare this technique with other treatment modalities.
Robust Model-Based Vasculature Detection in Noisy Biomedical Images (2004)

This paper presents a set of algorithms for robust detection of vasculature in noisy retinal video images. Three methods are studied for effective handling of outliers. The first method is based on Huber's censored likelihood ratio test. The second is based on the use of a alpha-trimmed test statistic. The third is based on robust model selection algorithms. All of these algorithms rely on a mathematical model for the vasculature that accounts for the expected variations in intensity/texture profile, width, orientation, scale, and imaging noise. These unknown parameters are estimated implicitly within a robust detection and estimation framework. The proposed algorithms are also useful as nonlinear vessel enhancement filters. The proposed algorithms were evaluated over carefully constructed phantom images, where the ground truth is known a priori, as well as clinically recorded images for which the ground truth was manually compiled. A comparative evaluation of the proposed approaches is presented. Collectively, these methods outperformed prior approaches based on Chaudhuri et al. (1989) matched filtering, as well as the verification methods used by prior exploratory tracing algorithms, such as the work of Can et aL (1999). The Huber censored likelihood test yielded the best overall improvement, with a 145.7% improvement over the exploratory tracing algorithm, and a 43.7% improvement in detection rates over the matched filter.
Mutant of Chinese hamster ovary cells with altered mannose 6-phosphate receptor activity is unable to synthesize mannosylphosphoryldolichol. (1982)

B4-2-1 is a Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant previously isolated and characterized as deficient in mannose 6-phosphate receptor activity. We show here that B4-2-1 is a pleiotropic mutant, defective in biosynthesis of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, B4-2-1 is unable to synthesize mannosylphosphoryldolichol; the consequences of this defect on glycosylation are (i) biosynthesis of one major lipid-linked oligosaccharide, characterized by its resistance to endoglycosidase H and decreased size; this oligosaccharide is similar to a minor species of lipid-liked oligosaccharide found in parental cells; (ii) transfer of this oligosaccharide to newly synthesized proteins; and (iii) absence of normal "high-mannose" oligosaccharides on mature glycoproteins isolated from B4-2-1; glycoproteins from the mutant contain complex oligosaccharides as well as endoglycosidase H-resistant, alpha-mannosidase-sensitive species. While the glycosylation defect may alter adversely the function of several glycoproteins in the mutant, including that of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor, it appears to have no effect on the formation or function of the mannose 6-phosphate recognition marker on acid hydrolases of B4-2-1.
Influence of the Supramolecular Micro-Assembly of Multiple Emulsions on their Biopharmaceutical Features and <i>In vivo</i> Therapeutic Response (2015)

The ability of some surfactants to self-assemble in a water/oil bi-phase environment thus forming supramolecular structure leading to the formation of w/o/w multiple emulsions was investigated. The w/o/w multiple emulsions obtained by self-assembling (one-step preparation method) were compared with those prepared following the traditional two-step procedure. Methyl-nicotinate was used as a hydrophilic model drug. The formation of the multiple emulsion structure was evidenced by optical microscopy, which showed a mean size of the inner oil droplets of 6 μm and 10 μm for one-step and two-step multiple emulsions, respectively. The in vitrobiopharmaceutical features of the various w/o/w multiple emulsion formulations were evaluated by means of viscosimetry studies, drug release and in vitro percutaneous permeation experiments through human stratum corneum and viable epidermis membranes. The self-assembled multiple emulsions allowed a more gradual percutaneous permeation (a zero-order permeation rate) than the two-step ones. The in vivotopical carrier properties of the two different multiple emulsions were evaluated on healthy human volunteers by using the spectrophotometry of reflectance, an in vivonon invasive method. These multiple emulsion systems were also compared with conventional emulsion formulations. Our findings demonstrated that the multiple emulsions obtained by self-assembling were able to provide a more sustained drug delivery into the skin and hence a longer therapeutic action than two-step multiple emulsions and conventional emulsion formulations. Finally, our findings showed that the supramolecular micro-assembly of multiple emulsions was able to influence not only the biopharmaceutical characteristics but also the potential in vivotherapeutic response.
Hyalangium gen. nov (2015)

Abstract Hy.al.an'gi.um. Gr. fem. n. hyalos glass; Gr. neut. n. angion vessel, container; M.L. neut. n. Hyalangium glassy vessel. Vegetative cells are delicate, slender rods with tapering ends. Fruiting bodies consist of small spherical sporangioles that are often empty and then look glassy and transparent , arranged in extended, dense sheets, or often, in chains. Myxospores are short rods or irregularly spherical ; optically refractile. Swarm colonies with a thin but tough slime sheet with fine veins, adsorbs Congo red with a purple red color. Of the proteolytic–bacteriolytic nutritional type. Type species : Hyalangium minutum sp. nov . Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Hyalangium is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / Pseudomonadati / Pseudomonadota / Deltaproteobacteria / Myxococcales / Archangiaceae / Hyalangium The genus Hyalangium can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as g__Hyalangium (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Myxococcota / c__Myxococcia / o__Myxococcales / f__Myxococcaceae / g__Hyalangium * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776
Appendix figures from Abemaciclib in Combination with Single-Agent Options in Patients with Stage IV Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase Ib Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Third part of the appendix&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: NEW β‐SYMPATHOLYTIC AGENTS: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ISOMERIC BENZOTHIAZOLE AND BENZOXAZOLE DERIVATIVES (1981)

Abstract Im Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen über Struktur‐Wirkungsbeziehungen werden eine Reihe von 1,2‐Benzisothiazolen (VII) und (IX), 1,2‐Benzisoxazo1en (X) und Benzoxazolen (XII) mit ähnlichen Substituenten synthetisiert.
Geothermal Desalination (2019)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Renewable Energy Powered Desalination Geothermal Energy Utilization Around the World The Rationale – Why Geothermal Desalination? Global Geothermal Desalination Potential Geothermal Desalination – State of the Art Desalination Process Selection Challenges and Considerations for Geothermal Desalination Implementation Techno-Economics of Geothermal Desalination Summary
[An improved procedure for autologous gene-modified cancer vaccine preparation for active specific immunotherapy of disseminated solid tumors]. (2004)

Resected material was used from 108 patients with disseminated skin melanoma and 47 patients suffering metastasized renal tumors to test procedures of tumor cell culture preparation and to search the best parameters. Gene tag 7 transfer, liposome delivery and electroporation were employed to stimulate immunogenic tumor cells. The transfer results were evaluated by expression of beta-galactosidase and EGFP genes whose products were detected microscopically. Transfer efficiency was boosted by 30% due to selecting suitable parameters of tumor cell modification. Maximum effectiveness was attained by individualized choice of the parameters. Yet, undoubtedly, the best way of cell isolation was mechanical fragmentation of tumor. To speed up cell production, DMEM/F12 medium should be recommended. It should contain cattle embryonic serum (20%), conditioned medium of cultured fibroblasts of human embryonic lungs (20%), transferin, insulin and selenium (standard dose).
High Resolution Continuous Flow Electrophoresis (1985)

Continuous free-flow electrophoresis (CFE) provides the biochemist with a powerful technique for preparative-scale purification of labile biomolecules. However, solute resolution in the classic CFE is limited by the deleterious effects of diffusion, electroosmotic dispersion, and connective dispersion. These problems can be overcome in the CFE by continuously recycling effluent through the chamber in a manner which allows complete recovery of undiluted product at arbitrarily high purities.Mathematical models of the continuous flow device with recycle (RCFE) are derived for the two limiting cases: rapid diffusion and slow diffusion. The analytical solutions of these models are used to predict separation factors under various operating conditions.