gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MegaParallax: Casual 360° Panoramas with Motion Parallax (2019)

The ubiquity of smart mobile devices, such as phones and tablets, enables users to casually capture 360° panoramas with a single camera sweep to share and relive experiences. However, panoramas lack motion parallax as they do not provide different views for different viewpoints. The motion parallax induced by translational head motion is a crucial depth cue in daily life. Alternatives, such as omnidirectional stereo panoramas, provide different views for each eye (binocular disparity), but they also lack motion parallax as the left and right eye panoramas are stitched statically. Methods based on explicit scene geometry reconstruct textured 3D geometry, which provides motion parallax, but suffers from visible reconstruction artefacts. The core of our method is a novel multi-perspective panorama representation, which can be casually captured and rendered with motion parallax for each eye on the fly. This provides a more realistic perception of panoramic environments which is particularly useful for virtual reality applications. Our approach uses a single consumer video camera to acquire 200-400 views of a real 360° environment with a single sweep. By using novel-view synthesis with flow-based blending, we show how to turn these input views into an enriched 360° panoramic experience that can be explored in real time, without relying on potentially unreliable reconstruction of scene geometry. We compare our results with existing omnidirectional stereo and image-based rendering methods to demonstrate the benefit of our approach, which is the first to enable casual consumers to capture and view high-quality 360° panoramas with motion parallax.
Molecular basis for mid-region amyloid-β capture by leading Alzheimer's disease immunotherapies (2015)

Solanezumab (Eli Lilly) and crenezumab (Genentech) are the leading clinical antibodies targeting Amyloid-β (Aβ) to be tested in multiple Phase III clinical trials for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease in at-risk individuals. Aβ capture by these clinical antibodies is explained here with the first reported mid-region Aβ-anti-Aβ complex crystal structure. Solanezumab accommodates a large Aβ epitope (960 Å(2) buried interface over residues 16 to 26) that forms extensive contacts and hydrogen bonds to the antibody, largely via main-chain Aβ atoms and a deeply buried Phe19-Phe20 dipeptide core. The conformation of Aβ captured is an intermediate between observed sheet and helical forms with intramolecular hydrogen bonds stabilising residues 20-26 in a helical conformation. Remarkably, Aβ-binding residues are almost perfectly conserved in crenezumab. The structure explains the observed shared cross reactivity of solanezumab and crenezumab with proteins abundant in plasma that exhibit this Phe-Phe dipeptide.
Statistical modeling of ultra-scaled donor-based silicon phosphorus devices (2014)

Donor-based silicon phosphorus devices are regarded as promising candidates for quantum computing architectures. The precise number of donors in an ultra-scaled silicon phosphorus double donor-dot device [1] is determined via comparison of theoretically modeled binding energy confidence bands with experimental charge stability diagram measurements. High fidelity of modeling results are enabled through a comprehensive analysis of atomistic dopant placement fluctuations.
Early Fungicidal Activity as a Candidate Surrogate Endpoint for All-Cause Mortality in Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Systematic Review of the Evidence (2016)

Mortality remains high in short time periods in CM clinical trials. Using published data and Institute of Medicine criteria, evidence for use of EFA as a surrogate endpoint for ACM is insufficient and could provide misleading results from clinical trials. ACM should be used as a primary endpoint evaluating treatments for cryptococcal meningitis.
Dynamic nuclear polarization studies of nitroxyl spin probes in agarose gel using Overhauser‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (2017)

Agarose is a tissue-equivalent material and its imaging characteristics similar to those of real tissues. Hence, the dynamic nuclear polarization studies of 3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine-1-oxyl (carboxy-PROXYL) in agarose gel were carried out. The dynamic nuclear polarization parameters such as spin lattice relaxation time, longitudinal relaxivity, leakage factor, saturation parameter and coupling parameter were estimated for 2 mM carboxy-PROXYL in phosphate-buffered saline solution and water/agarose mixture (99 : 1). From these results, the spin probe concentration was optimized as 2 mM, and the reduction in enhancement was observed for carboxy-PROXYL in water/agarose mixture (99 : 1) compared with phosphate-buffered saline solution. Phantom imaging was also performed with 2 mM concentration of carboxy-PROXYL in various concentrations of agarose gel at various radio frequency power levels. The results from the dynamic nuclear polarization measurements agree well with the phantom imaging results. These results pave the way for designing model system for human tissues suited to the biological applications of electron spin resonance/Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
The Effect of Midodrine and its Active Metabolite ST 1059 on the Human Urethra in vitro and in vivo (1983)

The directly acting alpha-receptor agonist midodrine is active through its metabolite ST 1059. The effects of ST 1059 were investigated in vitro on strips of human urethra and on small human omental arteries. ST 1059 was as potent as noradrenaline on the isolated urethra, but had only 40% of noradrenalin's maximum activity. In omental arteries noradrenaline was at least ten times more potent than ST 1059 which only had about one fourth of noradrenalin's maximum activity. Compared to its effect on the vessels ST 1059 was ten times more effective on the urethra, whereas noradrenaline was slightly more effective on the vessels than on the urethra. Thus, in vitro St 1059 exhibited some selectivity for urethral alpha-receptors. When midodrine was given to 13 female patients with stress incontinence in the doses 2.5 mg and 5 mg × 3 for two weeks, only two had a positive urethral closure pressure during treatment and were subjectively improved. There were no effects on blood pressure and heart rate; one patient complained of pilo-erection. Two further patients received 7.5 mg × 3 for two weeks; both were subjectively improved but complained of pronounced pilo-erection. Only one of them had a positive urethral closure pressure during treatment. Blood pressure or heart rate did not change. Although it cannot be excluded that midodrine can increase intra-urethral pressure with minor effects on blood pressure, it seems as the doses needed cause pilo-erection to an extent that limits the clinical usefulness of the drug.
Study of electro-optic effect in asymmetrically ramped AlInGaAs multiple quantum well structures (2015)

We investigate the electro-optic properties of two oppositely ramped asymmetric quantum well structures in the AlInGaAs material system. The grading of the bandgap in the quantum wells has been achieved by changing the ratio of Al to Ga in the quaternary alloy during the epitaxial growth. The surface normal photo-response and the Fabry–Perot fringe shift in straight waveguides are compared for both structures as a function of applied voltage at 1550 nm for TE-polarized light. The measurements show a change in the refractive index due to a red shift of the excitonic resonances due to the quantum-confined Stark effect. The 10 quantum well structure with a ramp up of the bandgap in the growth direction leads to the figure of merit of the voltage for a π phase shift, Vπ by length, L, Vπ × L, of 6 as compared to 7 V · mm in the structure with a ramp in opposite direction. Further investigations show that the reduction in Vπ is due to increased absorption at high reverse bias which induces a non-linear phase change.
Computational Functional Genomics (PDF) (2005)

The course focuses on casting contemporary problems in systems biology and functional genomics in computational terms and providing appropriate tools and methods to solve them. Topics include genome structure and function, transcriptional regulation, and stem cell biology in particular; measurement technologies such as microarrays (expression, protein-DNA interactions, chromatin structure); statistical data analysis, predictive and causal inference, and experiment design. The emphasis is on coupling problem structures (biological questions) with appropriate computational approaches.
PBEF/NAMPT/Visfatin: A Promising Drug Target For Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis? (2012)

NAMPT, also known as pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor and visfatin, has been proposed to be involved in preventing apoptosis in cancer cells and, as such, has received a great deal of attention in recent years and stimulated the development to specific inhibitors for treating cancer. The role of NAMPT inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for other diseases has not been studied extensively. Here, we describe their applicability for treating rheumatoid arthritis. We summarize current knowledge of NAMPT expression in healthy and diseased tissues, thereafter, we focus on pathological mechanisms relevant to rheumatoid arthritis that involve the NAMPT pathway and review the current status of NAMPT inhibitors being evaluated in clinical trials.
Hypothalamic hamartoma: Epileptogenesis beyond the lesion? (2017)

The discovery of intrinsic epileptogenicity of the hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) marked a new area in understanding the associated clinical syndrome, often manifesting as progressive epileptic encephalopathy. However, therapeutic procedures targeting the HH proved to be inefficient to cure seizures in up to 50% of cases, whereas in cases with partial improvement, the electroclinical patterns of persisting seizures suggest an involvement of distant cortical regions. The concept of kindling-like secondary epileptogenesis has been suggested as a possible underlying mechanism. Yet the role of the hypothalamic lesion in the pathophysiology of the syndrome remains debatable. In the Strasbourg-Kork series, the best outcomes were obtained when the duration of epilepsy before endoscopic HH surgery did not exceed 10 years. In two patients with HH ablation followed at a later time by a temporal lobectomy, only this second surgical step allowed complete seizure freedom. These findings suggest the existence of an independent, third stage of secondary epileptogenesis in human. In the Grenoble series, stereotactic intracerebral recordings (stereo electroencephalography [SEEG]) of five HH cases demonstrated that gelastic/dacrystic seizures were correlated with discharges within the HH, whereas other seizure types were related to discharges affecting cortical regions, which sometimes seemed to be triggered by HH. In the Marseille series, two cases explored by SEEG provided evidence of extended epileptogenicity outside the limits of the HH, forming complex epileptogenic networks, with HH still triggering clusters of neocortical seizures in the first, but not obligatory involved in spontaneous seizures in the second case. Taken together, our data argue for the existence of dynamic ictal network organization, with possible "kindling-like" relationships between the HH and the neocortex or widespread epileptogenesis. Despite the existence of secondary epileptogenesis, the epileptogenic zone could still be limited to the hamartoma, for which early surgical treatment should be pragmatically considered as a first surgical step.
The development of a 16S rRNA gene based PCR for the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniaeand comparison with four other species specific PCR assays (2010)

Spne-PCR, developed for this study, and psaA-PCR were the only two assays which did not mis-identify S. pseudopneumoniae as S. pneumoniae. Four other PCR assays and the AccuProbe assay were unable to distinguish between these species.
Short-term impacts of ambient temperature on self-rated health in Augsburg, Southern Germany (2022)

Background and aim: Short-term exposure to low or high temperatures is known to be harmful for human health. Previous literature on associations between ambient temperature and health outcomes has mostly focused on mortality and hospital admissions in ecological studies. Self-rated health is a strong predictor of premature mortality but has rarely been used as a predictor for checking the effects of temperature on health. Our study was aimed to examine the short-term association of daily mean temperature with self-rated health and the potential effect modification by socio-demographic, lifestyle or medical history as well as air pollution covariates. Methods: The study is based on the KORA FIT follow-up study, a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2018/2019, which included 3,059 participants from Southern Germany. Self-rated health was assessed by the EuroQol Five Dimensions questionnaire (EQ5D). A higher score indicates better self-rated health. Daily mean air temperature was estimated by a highly resolved spatio-temporal model incorporating observation and remote sensing data and was assigned to participants’ residential addresses. Generalized additive models using the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) approach with a lag period of 21 days, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to investigate the association between daily mean temperature and self-rated health. Results: The mean values of daily temperature and EQ5D were 9.01(min. = -12.18, max. = 26.90) degree Celsius and 0.91(min.= -0.13, max. = 1.00), respectively. No association was found between ambient temperature and self-rated health of participants. These are preliminary results and further analysis on effect modification is ongoing.
Neuregulin in Health and Disease (2018)

Neuregulins, a family of EGF-like signaling molecules, are involved in cell-cell crosstalk and play an important role in development, maintenance and repair of the nervous system, heart, breast and other organs. Independent studies described a ligand for the oncogene ErbB2 (neu, Her2) and factors that stimulated proliferation of Schwann cells, as well as synthesis of receptors for acetylcholine by muscle. These ligands and factors are essentially products of the same gene, referred to by Marchionni M. as neuregulin (NRG-1).
Forecasting Fine-Grained Air Quality Based on Big Data (2015)

In this paper, we forecast the reading of an air quality monitoring station over the next 48 hours, using a data-driven method that considers current meteorological data, weather forecasts, and air quality data of the station and that of other stations within a few hundred kilometers. Our predictive model is comprised of four major components: 1) a linear regression-based temporal predictor to model the local factors of air quality, 2) a neural network-based spatial predictor to model global factors, 3) a dynamic aggregator combining the predictions of the spatial and temporal predictors according to meteorological data, and 4) an inflection predictor to capture sudden changes in air quality. We evaluate our model with data from 43 cities in China, surpassing the results of multiple baseline methods. We have deployed a system with the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection, providing 48-hour fine-grained air quality forecasts for four major Chinese cities every hour. The forecast function is also enabled on Microsoft Bing Map and MS cloud platform Azure. Our technology is general and can be applied globally for other cities.
Randomized, Controlled Trial of Ultrasound-Assisted Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism (2013)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01166997.
Data from Functional Phosphodiesterase 11A Mutations May Modify the Risk of Familial and Bilateral Testicular Germ Cell Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Inactivating germline mutations in phosphodiesterase 11A (&lt;i&gt;PDE11A&lt;/i&gt;) have been implicated in adrenal tumor susceptibility. &lt;i&gt;PDE11A&lt;/i&gt; is highly expressed in endocrine steroidogenic tissues, especially the testis, and mice with inactivated &lt;i&gt;Pde11a&lt;/i&gt; exhibit male infertility, a known testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) risk factor. We sequenced the &lt;i&gt;PDE11A&lt;/i&gt; gene-coding region in 95 patients with TGCT from 64 unrelated kindreds. We identified 8 nonsynonymous substitutions in 20 patients from 15 families: four (R52T, F258Y, G291R, and V820M) were newly recognized, three (R804H, R867G, and M878V) were functional variants previously implicated in adrenal tumor predisposition, and one (Y727C) was a known polymorphism. We compared the frequency of these variants in our patients to unrelated controls that had been screened and found negative for any endocrine diseases: only the two previously reported variants, R804H and R867G, known to be frequent in general population, were detected in these controls. The frequency of all &lt;i&gt;PDE11A&lt;/i&gt;-gene variants (combined) was significantly higher among patients with TGCT (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0002), present in 19% of the families of our cohort. Most variants were detected in the general population, but functional studies showed that all these mutations reduced PDE activity, and that PDE11A protein expression was decreased (or absent) in TGCT samples from carriers. This is the first demonstration of the involvement of a PDE gene in TGCT, although the cyclic AMP signaling pathway has been investigated extensively in reproductive organ function and their diseases. In conclusion, we report that &lt;i&gt;PDE11A&lt;/i&gt;-inactivating sequence variants may modify the risk of familial and bilateral TGCT. [Cancer Res 2009;69(13):5301–6]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
[A phased poly-linker for cloning and expression of genes]. (1989)

15 oligodeoxynucleotides were synthesized using the phosphotriether technique which were subsequently enzymatically ligated in polylinker with subsequent phasing of left and right sides. Based on the phased polylinker a series of vehicles for the gene cloning and expression was constructed. The vectors of pRK series contain all three variants of polylinker with the frame shift of the reading frame for 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides in both chains. The obtained polylinkers do not effect the enzymatic activity of the beta-galactosidase alpha-peptide. Structure of the phased polylinker was confirmed by Maxam and Gilbert's sequencing method.
Nonlinear Gust Response of Highly Flexible Aircraft (2007)

The paper presents a methodology for calculating the gust response of highly flexible aircraft. Two types of gust analyses are considered, viz. frequency domain and time domain. This work is a continuation of past work 1 in which we presented analysis and results illustrating the linear response of a flying wing configuration to continuous gust based on frequency domain analysis. The linear aeroelastic system was obtained by calculating the trim state of the fully nonlinear aeroelastic/flight mechanics model followed by linearization at the trim state. In the present work, time-domain simulations are used to derive the stochastic gust response estimates. The methodology starts by creating a gust input time series based on the assumed gust power spectral density. The response stochastic parameters can be calculated from the response time series. The calculated time domain response to linearized system matches with frequency domain response calculated earlier. Furthermore, time simulations can be conducted on time marching schemes (e.g., CFD based aeroelastic computations) and can be used to predict the response of the nonlinear system. The aeroelastic model is based on a geometrically-exact, nonlinear beam model coupled with large angle aerodynamic model. The details of the model are shown in Ref. 2 This model has been implemented into a code called NATASHA (Nonlinear Aeroelastic Trim and Stability Analysis for HALE Aircraft). Frequency (linear) and time (linear as well as nonlinear) domain simulations have been added to the formulation and incorporated into the code.
The Krukenberg Procedure in the Juvenile Amputee (1964)

The Krukenberg procedure was performed unilaterally on four juvenile amputee patients with congenital bilateral absence of the hands. These four cases are reported. The opposite extremity was fitted with a standard prosthetic prescription as an assistive hand. In all cases, the Krukenberg stump became the leading hand. The results have been remarkably rewarding to these patients. There has been virtually no concern evidenced by the patient or the parents about the appearance of the stump. The surgical procedure is considered to be reasonably uncomplicated. Postoperative rehabilitation has been simple and rapid. It is my impression, from observing these patients, that this procedure should be extended to more individuals who have the severe handicap of bilateral hand loss.
Data from MAPK Pathway Genetic Alterations Are Associated with Prolonged Overall Survival in Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;To characterize the somatic mutational landscape, investigate associations between genetic alterations and clinical outcomes, and determine the prevalence of pathogenic germline mutations in low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (LGSC).&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Patients with LGSC tumors who underwent panel-based sequencing of up to 505 genes were identified. Data on somatic and germline mutations; copy-number alterations; and clinicopathologic features, including age at diagnosis, platinum sensitivity, and overall survival (OS), were collected.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Following central pathology rereview, 119 patients with LGSC were identified for analysis. Of these, 110 (92%) had advanced-stage disease (stages III/IV). Somatic &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; (33%), &lt;i&gt;NRAS&lt;/i&gt; (11%), &lt;i&gt;EIF1AX&lt;/i&gt; (10%), and &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; (11%) alterations were the most common; MAPK pathway alterations were found in 60% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 71) of LGSCs. &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; mutations were significantly associated with age at diagnosis more than 50 years (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02) and platinum-sensitive disease (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03). On multivariate analysis, MAPK pathway alterations (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02) and platinum sensitivity (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.005) were significantly associated with improved OS. Seventy-nine patients (66%) underwent germline genetic testing; seven pathogenic germline mutations were identified: &lt;i&gt;MUTYH&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 2), &lt;i&gt;BAP1&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1), &lt;i&gt;RB1&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1), &lt;i&gt;CHEK2&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1), &lt;i&gt;APC&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1), and &lt;i&gt;FANCA&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1). There were no germline &lt;i&gt;BRCA1/2&lt;/i&gt; mutations. One germline &lt;i&gt;MUTYH&lt;/i&gt;-associated LGSC harbored loss-of-heterozygosity at the &lt;i&gt;MUTYH&lt;/i&gt; locus, and the patient with the germline &lt;i&gt;BAP1&lt;/i&gt; mutation also harbored a somatic &lt;i&gt;BAP1&lt;/i&gt; frameshift mutation.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;This study showed that MAPK pathway alterations in LGSC, including &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; mutations, are independently associated with platinum sensitivity and prolonged survival. Germline data, which were limited, identified few pathogenic germline mutations in patients with LGSC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/clincancerres/article/doi/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-1623" target="_blank"&gt;See related commentary by Veneziani and Oza, p. 4357&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;