gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tryptophan metabolism in chronic kidney disease is related to the inflammation marker neopterin and to neuropsychological measures (2015)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; This study examines tryptophan metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and its link to consequent neuropsychological symptoms. Background: Neuropsychological disorders (depression, anxiety and cognitive dysfunction) are related to disruption in tryptophan metabolism, mainly via the kynurenine pathway, induced by inflammation and hypothalamo–pituitary– adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Tryptophan metabolites (indoles) produced by gutmicroflora are also related to inflammation and other conditions accompanying CKD.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Subjects (n = 30) were initially recruited with an eGFR of 15–29 ml/ min per 1.73 m2 and were alive at the 2-year follow-up. Neuropsychological measures were undertaken at baseline and 2 years. Serum samples were analysed for inflammation, HPA activity markers, tryptophan and ten of its metabolites.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The expected accumulation of uremic molecules was observed in the serum of patients once eGFR &lt; 15, significantly higher than patients with better kidney function (P values between 0.0002 and 0.043). High correlations were found between neopterin, Indoxyl sulfate (R = 0.62, P = 0.0003), and kynurenines (R values between 0.46 and 0.68, P values &lt;0.0001 up to 0.01), suggesting the latter involvement of inflammation in the activation of IDO (indoleamine-(2,3)-dioxygenase) leading to tryptophan breakdown into the kynurenine pathway. Kynurenic acid was related to lower cognitive function (R = −0.38, P = 0.04), while serotonin and its turnover were related to multiple subscales of anxiety and depressive symptoms (P values between 0.001 and 0.05). Indole-3 acetic acid (partly produced by gut microflora) showed the highest correlations with anxiety and depressive symptoms.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Alteration in tryptophan metabolism in CKD is accompanied by systemic inflammation and lower cognitive function, anxiety and depression. This novel finding raises several targets for future interventions to improve patient symptoms and outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;
A Statistical Temperature Emissivity Separation Algorithm for Hyperspectral System Modeling (2022)

With the popular use of remote sensing techniques, investigations into hyperspectral system designs and parameter trade-off studies have become more and more necessary. Analytical models based on statistical descriptions and energy propagation are certainly efficient methods to examine a large number of parameter trades and sensitive studies with low computational cost. In long wave Infrared (LWIR), an analytical version of a temperature/emissivity separation (TES) algorithm can be used to retrieve ground emissivity statistics. However, such a statistical analytical algorithm has not been fully developed, as far as we know. In this letter, a new statistical iterative spectrally smooth temperature/emissivity separation (S-ISSTES) algorithmic approach is proposed. The derivation and comparison of our statistical approach is discussed in detail. We show that it can retrieve first- and second-order statistics of surface spectra as well as the associated temperature from at-sensor radiance data. Experimental results using both real and synthetic data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed S-ISSTES algorithm.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) BB phenotype carbonmonoxyhaemoglobin (1994)

Ruminant haemoglobin (Hb) extracted from river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) has been purified and crystallized. Two different Hb forms of the phenotype BB gave isomorphous crystals which diffracted to 2.8 A resolution and were not sensitive to radiation damage. Crystals of CO Hb have space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with unit-cell parameters a = 54.8, b = 64.0, c = 158.6 A, and contain one Hb molecule per asymmetric unit.
Control of cleaning performance of an ammonia and hydrogen peroxide mixture (APM) on the basis of a kinetic reaction model (1999)

Ammonia and hydrogen peroxide mixtures (APM) are widely used for removing particles from substrate surfaces in semiconductor manufacturing. In the next-generation manufacturing, more precise control of the APM cleaning performance is required than what is available today. In this study, a new method for evaluating the APM cleaning performance, such as the etching rate, surface microroughness, and particle removal efficiency, was introduced based on a chemical equilibrium analysis of APM and a kinetic reaction model of a Si substrate with APM. It became clear that the etching reaction of a Si substrate proceeds along two paths (path-1, path-2) in APM. In path-1, the Si surface is oxidized by HO/sub 2//sup -/ and then the SiO/sub 2/ layer is etched by OH/sup -/. In path-2, the Si surface is directly etched by OH/sup -/. Path-1 is favorable for APM cleaning because path-2 causes some problems, such as too fast etching, an increase in surface microroughness, and a decrease in particle removal efficiency. Using the contribution ratio of each path to total etching reaction, we can predict the etching rate and determine optimum APM cleaning conditions (NH/sub 3/ concentration, H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ concentration, temperature). This method makes it possible to improve the APM cleaning performance and to decrease chemical consumption.
A Machine Learning Approach for Spatial Mapping of the Health Risk Associated with Arsenic-Contaminated Groundwater in Taiwan’s Lanyang Plain (2021)

Groundwater resources are abundant and widely used in Taiwan's Lanyang Plain. However, in some places the groundwater arsenic (As) concentrations far exceed the World Health Organization's standards for drinking water quality. Measurements of the As concentrations in groundwater show considerable spatial variability, which means that the associated risk to human health would also vary from region to region. This study aims to adapt a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) method to carry out more reliable spatial mapping of the As concentrations in the groundwater for comparison with the geostatistical ordinary kriging (OK) method results. Cross validation is performed to evaluate the prediction performance by dividing the As monitoring data into three sets. The cross-validation results show that the average determination coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>) for the As concentrations obtained with BPNN and OK are 0.55 and 0.49, whereas the average root mean square errors (RMSE) are 0.49 and 0.54, respectively. Given the better prediction performance of the BPNN, it is recommended as a more reliable tool for the spatial mapping of the groundwater As concentration. Subsequently, the As concentrations estimated obtained using the BPNN are applied to develop a spatial map illustrating the risk to human health associated with the ingestion of As-containing groundwater based on the noncarcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic target risk (TR) standards established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Such maps can be used to demarcate the areas where residents are at higher risk due to the ingestion of As-containing groundwater, and prioritize the areas where more intensive monitoring of groundwater quality is required. The spatial mapping of As concentrations from the BPNN was also used to demarcate the regions where the groundwater is suitable for farmland and fishponds based on the water quality standards for As for irrigation and aquaculture.
Oxygen metabolism, oxidative stress and acid-base physiology of dental plaque biofilms (1995)

Dental plaque is a natural biofilm which has been a focus of attention for many years because of its known roles in caries and periodontal diseases. Acid production by plaque bacteria leads to the erosion of tooth mineral in caries, and the cariogenicity of plaque is related to population levels of acid-tolerant organisms such as mutans streptococci. However, the biofilm character of plaque allows for survival of a diverse flora, including less acid-tolerant organisms, some of which can produce ammonia from arginine or urea to counter acidification. Plaque is often considered to be relatively anaerobic. However, evidence is presented here that both supragingival and subgingival plaque have active oxygen metabolism and that plaque bacteria, including anaerobes, have developed defenses against oxidative stress. Even in subgingival plaque associated with periodontitis, measured residual oxygen levels are sufficient to allow for oxygen metabolism by organisms considered to be extremely anaerobic such as Treponema denticola, which metabolizes oxygen by means of NADH oxidases and produces the protective enzymes superoxide dismutase and NADH peroxidase. The finding that plaque bacteria produce a variety of protective enzymes is a good indicator that oxidative stress is a part of their everyday life. The biofilm character of plaque allows for population diversity and coexistence of aerobes, anaerobes and microaerophiles. Overall, agents that affect oxidative metabolism offer possibilities for reducing the pathogenic activities of plaque.
Use of Translational Fusion of the MrpH Fimbrial Adhesin-Binding Domain With the Cholera Toxin A2 Domain, Coexpressed With the Cholera Toxin B Subunit, as an Intranasal Vaccine to Prevent Experimental Urinary Tract Infection by Proteus mirabilis (2005)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Uro-science1 Jul 2005Use of Translational Fusion of the MrpH Fimbrial Adhesin-Binding Domain With the Cholera Toxin A2 Domain, Coexpressed With the Cholera Toxin B Subunit, as an Intranasal Vaccine to Prevent Experimental Urinary Tract Infection by Proteus mirabilis Timothy L. RatliffPh.D. Timothy L. RatliffTimothy L. Ratliff More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000164340.35878.17AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Use of Translational Fusion of the MrpH Fimbrial Adhesin-Binding Domain With the Cholera Toxin A2 Domain, Coexpressed With the Cholera Toxin B Subunit, as an Intranasal Vaccine to Prevent Experimental Urinary Tract Infection by Proteus mirabilis." The Journal of Urology, 174(1), p. 394 © 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 174Issue 1July 2005Page: 394 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Timothy L. Ratliff More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in traumatic brain injury and developmental disease (2016)

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway mediates many aspects of cell growth and regeneration. Dysregulation of the pathway during development or following injury can lead to severe symptoms, including behavioral disorders, intellectual disability and seizures. We investigated the effects of excess PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in the mouse brain during embryonic development and following traumatic brain injury; we then tested out known inhibitors of the pathway for their potential to prevent or reverse the resulting damage. Here, we described the time course and cell specificity of mTORC1 signal activation in the mouse hippocampus after moderate controlled cortical impact (CCI), and identified an early neuronal peak of activity that occurs within few hours after injury. We suppressed this peak activity by a single injection of the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin one hour after CCI, and showed that this acute treatment significantly diminishes the extent of neuronal death and astrogliosis within 24 hours after injury. We investigated two other suppressor compounds of the pathway, mTORC1 inhibitor RAD001 and Akt inhibitor MK-2206, in an in vitro mouse model of excess developmental PI3K/Akt/mTOR activity; increased signaling in this pathway is associated with multiple brain overgrowth disorders in humans. We used excitatory neuron-specific gene deletion of the PI3K antagonist Pten as a method for disinhibiting the pathway. We established Pten-mutant forebrain neuronal cultures as an in vitro model of brain overgrowth that may facilitate the identification of pharmacological treatments. We found that Pten-mutant neurons exhibit dramatic cellular hypertrophy, including increased soma size and dendrite complexity, which can be reversed partially with mTORC1 inhibitor RAD001 and fully with Akt inhibitor MK-2206. Our findings suggest that acute Akt and mTORC1 inhibition may offer viable therapeutic approaches for preventing or reversing pathologies caused by excess PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, both in the developing and healing brain.
A review: plant extracts and oils as corrosion inhibitors in aggressive media (2011)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to make people aware of organic corrosion inhibitors. Design/methodology/approach As it is a literature review paper, no specific method is used. Findings It has been found that plant extracts and oils show inhibition efficiency up to 98 percent, so it is certain that plant extracts and oils are effective corrosion inhibitors and can be successfully used at the industrial level. Research limitations/implications Plant extracts and oils are also found to be non‐toxic, highly efficient, renewable and cheap. But less effort has been given towards the identification of which compound is active in the extract. Originality/value The paper shows detailed account of the inhibitors obtained from plants, which are used as natural corrosion inhibitors.
Controllable emission bands and morphologies of high-quality CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystals prepared in octane (2018)

Halide perovskite (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, or I) quantum dots have received increasing attention as novel colloidal nanocrystals (NCs). Accurate control of emission bands and NC morphologies are vital prerequisites for most CsPbX3 NC practical applications. Therefore, a facile method of synthesizing CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, or I) NCs in the nonpolar solvent octane was developed. The process was conducted in air at ∼ 90 °C to synthesize high-quality CsPbX3 NCs showing 12–44 nm wide emission and high photoluminescence quantum yield, exceeding 90%. An in situ anion-exchange method was developed to tune CsPbX3 NC photoluminescence emission, using PbX2 dissolved in octane as the halide source. NC morphology was controlled by dissolving specific metal–organic salts in the precursor solution prior to nucleation, and nanocubes, nanodots, nanosheets, nanoplatelets, nanorods, and nanowires were obtained following the same general method providing a facile, versatile route to controlling CsPbX3 NC emission bands and morphologies, which will broaden the range of CsPbX3 NC practical applications.
Effect of aging on ocular fixation and microsaccades during optic flow (2017)

Visual fixations correspond to moments of "useful vision", unlike saccades during which we are blind. Optic flow can influence the statistics of fixational eye movements, and therefore affect the quality of visual information accessible to the brain. While aging is known to alter the processing of dynamic visual cues, the influence of optic flow on fixational eye movements remains poorly characterized, partly due to the difficulty of microsaccade analysis in aged subjects, caused by the presence of pupil detection noise. This study assessed ocular fixation statistics and microsaccade characteristics under no-flow (control) as well as radial and tangential optic flow conditions in 51 subjects (21 – 80 y/o). All subjects were ascertained to be healthy by visual, vestibular, sensorimotor, and cognitive clinical examination. Eye movements were recorded at 1000 Hz in head-fixed conditions. Microsaccades were analyzed using a novel unsupervised clustering method that permits reliable detection in the presence of high-frequency pupil detection noise. The algorithm's performance was compared against state-of-the-art methods on both noiseless and noisy data using a ROC analysis. We found that the fixation area was larger in aged compared to young subjects. All optic flow conditions reduced the fixation area to a similar extent in all age groups. Moreover, tangential optic flow significantly affected the ocular fixation drift slope, and it amplified the extent of drift significantly more in aged compared to young subjects. Our microsaccade analysis extends previous data, showing that healthy aging significantly increased microsaccade frequency, amplitude, and peak velocity. Moreover, optic flow influenced all microsaccade characteristics, by reducing frequency, amplitude, and peak velocity. Tangential optic flow significantly triggered microsaccades in the opposite direction to the flow. Importantly, this directional bias tended to be stronger in old adults compared to young subjects. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2017
Exploring Carbide-Free Bainitic Structures for Hot Dip Galvanizing Products (2013)

Recently, advanced high strength steels for automotive applications were designed to achieve a carbide-free bainitic microstructure after conventional thermo-mechanical processing and a continuous annealing treatment. The microstructure obtained consists of ferrite laths interwoven with thin films of untransformed retained austenite. The sufficiently tough matrix and the control of the heterogeneity in the microstructure allowed an optimum combination of strength, ductility, and formability to be achieved. However, this work probed that even using a devoted theoretical alloying, carbide-free bainitic steels are hardly compatible with a conventional hot dip galvanizing annealing process, without any consideration about Zn coatability and adherence. The hardenability of the designed alloys was insufficient in some cases and the amount of austenite retained in the microstructure was too low or/and mechanically too unstable for high ductility. As a consequence, the obtained mechanical properties were comparable to those in high-Si dual phase steels without a beneficial transformation induced plasticity effect.
Inhomogeneous thin deposits: a strategy to exploit their functionality (2009)

In this article, we present an overview and prospective of inhomogeneous thin deposits of functional materials, which are usually unusable for applications as deposited. We show how common unwanted morphologies, such as crystallites, dewetting and fibrils can be transformed by driving their self- organization with external tools. In the first part we consider self-organization leading to thin deposits from compounds molecularly dispersed in a solution focusing on the relationship between the microscopic morphology appearing upon aggregation onto surfaces and the functional properties of these materials. In particular we considered the formation of crystallites, fibrils and droplets. In the second part we show how the inhomogeneous (and often unwanted) morphologies can be “corrected” by unconventional lithography in their self-organization becoming functional for several devices.
Reactor Siphon and Its Control of Particle Flow Rate When Integrated into a Circulating Fluidized Bed (2005)

A newly configured siphon, called the reactor siphon, was proposed to fulfill chemical reactions along with its control of the particle circulation rate in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) mounted with the siphon. The new siphon has two separated seals to prevent bypassing of gases both from the riser to the downcomer and from the downcomer to the riser. This in turn allowed a reaction space, called the reactor of the siphon, to be created between the two seals independently of the riser and downcomer. In a CFB installed with a reactor siphon, the present article further investigated the ways to control the particle circulation rate of the bed. It was found that the pressure difference between the reactor of the siphon and the riser influenced greatly the particle circulation rate. This rendered the circulation rate little varied with the particle amount loaded into the whole bed when the pressure difference was substantially high. Changing the superficial gas velocity in the riser obviously varied the circulation rate, but this gas velocity effect was related to the quoted pressure difference as well. Consequently, the particle circulation rate in the CFBs mounted with the reactor siphon was thought to be subject to the dominance of both the gas velocity in the riser and the pressure difference between the reactor of the siphon and the riser, revealing essentially a controlling mechanism that is much different from that for the CFBs installed with the conventionally configured siphons.
Cystic fibrosis patients with and without central nervous system complications following lung transplantation (2000)

Central nervous system (CNS) complications occur more frequently in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients than other lung transplant recipients. The purpose of this study was to compare CF patients with and without CNS complications following lung transplantation, to identify risk factors for CNS events. Records of 21 patients with CF who underwent lung transplant between 1991-1996 were reviewed. Data were collected on multiple variables, including: age at transplant; gender; cytomegalovirus (CMV) status; cholesterol and triglyceride levels; sinusitis; percent ideal body weight (IBW); body mass index (BMI); augmented immunosuppression, acute lung rejection episodes (ALR); cyclosporine doses; electrolytes; magnesium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels; and 6-month survival. CNS complications identified were seizures, severe headaches (HA), strokes, or confusional episodes. Eleven of 21 patients (52%) with CF had CNS events: eight had seizures, five HA, three strokes, and one confusional episode. There was no difference in age at transplant, pretransplant percent IBW or BMI, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, or number of ALR. CMV mismatch and clinical sinusitis had no effect. Cyclosporine doses did not differ between groups at 30 days, or 3 or 6 months posttransplant. Both BUN and creatinine concentrations showed a rise over time that did not differ between groups. Potassium levels were within normal limits for both groups. While sodium levels did not differ between groups pretransplant, or at 30 days or 6 months posttransplant, a decrease in sodium values was seen at the time of CNS events. There was no difference in 6-month survival. We could not identify any pre- or posttransplant risk factors that predicted CNS events. It is likely that cyclosporine toxicity is the major cause of CNS complications. Despite the high rate of CNS events, the overall prognosis was good, and 6-month survival was not affected.
Brain Imaging in Psychiatry (2008)

Modern in vivo neuroimaging is a growing field in which a variety of physical methods provide information about the anatomy, regional activity, and molecular states of the brain. Neuroimaging has played a pivotal role in our understanding of the pathophysiology of mental disorders. We are now starting to see the expansion of imaging into clinical psychiatric practice beyond obtaining structural scans to “rule out organic” etiologies for altered mental states, as imaging tests yield valuable diagnostic information. This chapter will review neuroimaging techniques to help the practicing psychiatrist understand scientific reports in the psychiatric literature, and to consider ways in which neuroimaging might serve patients now and in the future.
Extraction of backscattering and absorption coefficients of magnetite manosphere composites from light scattering measurements. (2019)

Extraction of backscattering and absorption coefficients of magnetite manosphere composites from light scattering measurements.