gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantifying gas ebullition with echosounder: the role of methane transport by bubbles in a medium‐sized lake (2008)

In lakes and reservoirs with variable water level, gas ebullition can play a substantial role in methane transport in the water column and to the atmosphere. However, measuring methane ebullition from sediment is difficult as releases are highly heterogeneous and intermittent on macro‐ and micro‐scales. In contrast to conventional gas traps and optical methods, hydroacoustic technology allows rapid scanning over large volumes of the water column synoptically to quantify gas bubble abundance. A 120‐kHz dual beam downward‐looking echosounder was used to measure the size distributions of bubbles that do not resonate at the sonar frequency. Data obtained with this sonar permit accurate calculation and evaluation of ebullition flux from the bottom. A robust relationship was established between gas volumes and backscattering cross‐section of individual bubbles in experimental conditions, and rise velocities of bubbles were precisely measured. The volume backscattering coefficient was shown to be a good gauge of the total volume of bubbles per cubic meter of water, allowing the use of a single‐beam sonar for measuring volumetric bubble concentrations. Data obtained from hydroacoustic surveys on Lake Kinneret, where gaseous methane is emitted from randomly dispersed sediment sources, indicated that ~90% of bubbles escaping from soft sediments ranged from 1.3 mm to 4.5 mm and ~50% ranged from 2.0 mm to 3.2 mm in equivalent radius. In summer‐fall 2001, the gaseous methane fluxes from hypolimnetic sediments was ~10 mmol m −2 d −1 , accounting for one‐third of the observed methane accumulation in the hypolimnion. This relatively high ebullition rate could be attributed to the gradual decreasing of the mean water level in preceding years.
Design of fault-tolerant clocks with realistic failure assumptions (2003)

The authors address the problem of designing fault-tolerant, phase-locked clocks in the presence of different types of clock failures and show that significant improvements in hardware complexity and reliability can be achieved when failed clock modules are partitioned into two classes: malicious and nonmalicious. They show that the condition N>2t+max(t1, 1) is necessary and sufficient to tolerate up to t failed clock modules out of which a maximum of t1 can behave maliciously. The practical value of this design concept is demonstrated by examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
T cell cancer immunotherapy: Characterisation and manipulation of tumour antigen-specific T cell subsets for adoptive immunotherapy in mouse models (2011)

Understanding the behaviour of T cells in context of tumour responses is crucial for designing adoptive immunotherapy strategies. The aim of the study is to characterise tumour-specific T cells, including conventional and regulatory T cells (Tregs), in tumour-bearing mice after adoptive transfer. Male-specific minor histocompatibility antigen HY was used as the tumour-associated antigen, expressed by MB49 murine bladder carcinoma and recognised by TCR transgenic CD4 (Marilyn) and CD8 (Matahari) T cells. Unlike male skin grafts, MB49 tumours express a panel of immune-suppressive molecules including PD-L1, FAS-L, TGF-β, IL-10 and IDO which contribute to the formation of a tolerogenic microenvironment. As a result, HY-specific CD8 T cells reject syngeneic male skin grafts but not MB49 tumours. In response to MB49 tumours, HY-specific Tregs underwent expansion. A fraction of proliferating Tregs also lost FoxP3 and became ex-Tregs, which upregulated IFNγ, and downregulated a panel of Treg-specific genes. In addition, it was observed that preferential ex-Treg differentiation took place in an IL-6-enriched microenvironment, such as in the mesenteric lymph nodes. The antigen-specific CD8 response to MB49 is insufficient for rejection. Retroviral modification of MB49 to express hIL-2 allows for induction of effective antigen-specific CD8 responses, providing a potent whole cell in vivo vaccine strategy for exploring factors mediating immune evasion. Finally, the role of anti-HY TCR transgenic T cells in GvHD is assessed. Lymphopenic male recipients lose weight after adoptive transfer of CD4 but not CD8 T cells. With radiation preconditioning, full-blown GvHD ensues, raising questions about this combination for clinical therapy. This study advances knowledge of antigen-specific T effector and Treg responses to HY in a range of environments, including MB49 tumours, male skin grafts and GvHD. It highlights the importance of understanding not only induction of effector responses, but potentially harmful side-effects of adoptive cell transfer.
Finite-amplitude dynamics of coupled cylindrical menisci (2008)

Abstract The cylindrical meniscus is a liquid/gas interface of circular-cap cross-section constrained along its axis and bounded by end-planes. The inviscid motions of coupled cylindrical menisci are studied here. Motions result from the competition between inertia and surface tension forces. Restriction to shapes that are of circular-cap cross-section leads to an ordinary differential equation (ode) model, with the advantage that finite-amplitude stability can be examined. The second-order nonlinear ode model has a Hamiltonian structure, showing dynamical behavior like the Duffing-oscillator. The energy landscape has either a single- or double-welled potential depending on the extent of volume overfill. Total liquid volume is a bifurcation parameter, as in the corresponding problem for coupled spherical-cap droplets [1] . Unlike the spherical-cap problem, however, axial disturbances can also destabilize, depending on overfill. For large volumes, previously known axial stability results are applied to find the limit at which axial symmetry is lost and comparison is made to the Plateau–Rayleigh limit.
A new method of estimating the depth of the anterior chamber. (1979)

A new method of estimating the depth of the anterior chamber with an accuracy of approximately 0-1 mm is described. The estimate is made with a conventional Haag-Streit 900 slit lamp without any extra attachments.
Surface stability of polypropylene compounds and paint adhesion (2005)

Abstract Thermoplastic olefins based on polypropylene compounds are being increasingly used for the production of painted automotive parts. The poor adhesion properties of these compounds are improved with flaming, which results in good adhesion for waterborne paints. The surface stability and adhesion properties of two commercial injection‐molded compounds and their base polymer blends (polypropylene/ethylene–propylene rubber) were investigated after they were flamed with various parameters under typical vapor jet conditions. The compounds and the corresponding base blends showed mainly the same behavior. Thus, filler particles and additives seemed to have only a minor influence on the adhesion properties of these compounds. For the characterization of the surface itself and the near‐surface region, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, XPS, and microthermal analysis were used. The utmost surface layer for all specimens consisted of a skin of pure polypropylene. The oxygen concentrations at the surface after flaming were rather similar for both compounds. Differences could be found in the surface roughness, the oxygen diffusion from the interior to the surface, and, probably most importantly, the viscosity and elasticity of the impact modifier. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 797–805, 2005
Physiologic effects of acute anemia: implications for a reduced transfusion trigger (1990)

The risks of transfusion-associated infectious disease have led to a reassessment of transfusion practice, which in turn has resulted in a trend toward the reduction of homologous transfusion. This reduction is primarily due to the initiation of hemotherapy at more severe levels of anemia. The optimum threshold for the initiation of transfusion therapy, or the transfusion trigger (TT), is unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of withholding transfusion or lowering the TT to a hematocrit (Hct) of 15 percent in unanesthetized animals. Nineteen adult baboons underwent a laparotomy to simulate surgical stress. Upon their recovery from anesthesia, hemodynamic measurements were obtained, and the animals underwent an exchange transfusion (ET) with 6-percent hetastarch to a final Hct of 15 percent. After ET, hemodynamic measurements were repeated, and the animals were followed for 2 months. There was no morbidity after ET or during the 2-month observation period. After ET, there was a significant increase in both the cardiac output (3.3 vs. 2.5 L/min, p less than 0.001) and the oxygen extraction ratio (59.9 vs. 38.2%, p less than 0.0001). Oxygen delivery fell after ET (18.9 vs. 11.1 cc/kg/min, p less than 0.001), but there was no significant change in oxygen consumption after ET. The unanesthetized animals adapted well to severe anemia and experienced no adverse effects on their long-term survival in this setting, which suggests that the reduction of the TT to a Hct of 15 percent in normal animals is safe. Adoption of this TT could result in a significant reduction in the requirements for homologous transfusion with its attendant risks.
Suitability of simulated land mines for detection measurements using x-ray lateral migration radiography (2000)

A commercially available simulated land mine and several custom-made plastic simulants were examined at the University of Florida for their suitability in Lateral Migration Radiography (LMR) land mine detection. In 1997 x- ray LMR was used in the detection measurements of 12 actual antitank and antipersonnel miens. The resulting images indicated that not only were differences in composition between the explosive/casing and soil important, but that internal air volumes greatly increased not only the detectability, but also the discernability of actual mines. This paper explores the use of simulant mines that have internal features, including voids, in lieu of solid simulant miens for use in LMR measurements in the laboratory. Typical commercially available simulated mines have been developed for other detection methods such as those based on E and M technologies. A comparison of LMR images from these simulants and the LMR images of real mines demonstrated that commercially available simulant mines would fail when used with the LMR x-ray detection method. In contrast, simulated mines that we have fabricated with a plastic that has approximately the same electron density of TNT yield LMR images that are consistent with LMR images of actual mines.
Autotuning of Distillation Control Systems (1993)

From an economic point of view, dual composition control is a better choice for distillation control systems. However, for the reasons of process interaction and, in many cases, severe non-linearity, the tuning of dual composition control systems remains an active research topic. Based on Astrom-Hagglund autotuner, Luyben proposes an identification method for highly non-linear distillation using relay feedback experiments. In this work, Astrom-Hagglund autotuning method is extended to multivariable systems. Based on the concept of sequential design, the autotuning procedure is completed within 3 ∼ 4 relay-feedback experiments. Furthermore, the process characteristics (as the result of sequential design) are explored and a new tuning method (similar to Ziegler-Nichols method) is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed method is very efficient and the time domain responses are similar, if not better, to that obtained from off-line tuning method, e.g., BLT method.
High Efficiency-Carrier-Generation in Li<sup>+</sup>-Implanted MgIn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Thin Films (1997)

Optically transparent MgIn2O4 thin films were prepared on SiO2 glass substrates by a radio-frequency sputtering method. Direct current conductivity of the as-sputtered film was lower than 10-9S·cm-1. Lithium ions were implanted to the films at room temperature to a total fluence of 2×1015cm-2. Carrier electrons were generated by the implantation. Conductivity of the as-implanted film was 8×10-2S·cm-1 and the carrier-generation-efficiency was -2%. By the post-annealing at 300°C, the efficiency drastically increased to -80% and the conductivity increased to 3S·cm-1. These results indicate that the inactive Li+ ions in the asimplanted films are incorporated into the electrically active lattice sites during the post-annealing.
Thermally driven homonuclear-stacking phase of MoS2through desulfurization (2019)

Engineering phase transitions or finding new polymorphs offers tremendous opportunities for developing functional materials. We reveal that the thermally driven desulfurization of single-crystalline MoS2 samples improves transport properties by reducing the band gap and further induces metallization. Semi-desulfurization, i.e., removal of the topmost S layer, results in the placement of the exposed Mo layers directly on top of the following sub-layers, together with the bottom S layer of the top layer. This homonuclear (AA) stacking derived from the AA' stacking of the hexagonal (2H) phase is retained even after further desulfurization of the remaining bottom S layer, i.e., full desulfurization of the top layer. Our findings fundamentally explain why the 2H phase of TMDs is characterized by AA' stacking.
Lightweight high performance integrated actuator for humanoid robotic applications: Modeling, design &#x00026; realization (2009)

Actuation of robotic systems is still an open question and represents a big challenge. Demanding performances including high power to mass ratio, capability of producing high power at low speed within a small-occupied volume are some of the key issues that required careful consideration. These criteria aimed to increase autonomy of humanoid robots. In this paper, a novel hydrostatic transmission actuator is proposed. The proposed actuator is controlled by displacement and has capacities for energy storage. This leads to an optimal solution in terms of power consumption. First, the proposed hydrostatic actuation principle is explained. A simplified hydraulic scheme to illustrate the energy storage capability is then provided. A mathematical model of the proposed solution is detailed showing our ability to access to the payload “jerk”. The built prototype is presented and its properties are outlined. Finally, a prototype of the actuator and the preliminary results of the actuator performance are presented, demonstrating the novelty of our solution.
CBinfer: Exploiting Frame-to-Frame Locality for Faster Convolutional Network Inference on Video Streams (2020)

The last few years have brought advances in computer vision at an amazing pace, grounded on new findings in deep neural network construction and training as well as the availability of large labeled datasets. Applying these networks to images demands a high computational effort and pushes the use of state-of-the-art networks on real-time video data out of reach of embedded platforms. Many recent works focus on reducing network complexity for real-time inference on embedded computing platforms. We adopt an orthogonal viewpoint and propose a novel algorithm exploiting the spatio-temporal sparsity of pixel changes. This optimized inference procedure resulted in an average speed-up of 9.1X over cuDNN on the Tegra X2 platform at a negligible accuracy loss of &lt; 0.1% and no retraining of the network for a semantic segmentation application. Similarly, an average speed-up of 7.0X has been achieved for a pose detection DNN and a reduction of 5X of the number of arithmetic operations to be performed for object detection on static camera video surveillance data. These throughput gains combined with a lower power consumption result in an energy efficiency of 511GOp/s/W compared to 70GOp/s/W for the baseline.
A reanalysis of the HCO(+)/HOC(+) abundance ratio in dense interstellar clouds (1986)

New theoretical and experimental results have prompted a reinvestigation of the HCO+/HOC+ abundance ratio in dense interstellar clouds. These results pertain principally but not exclusively to the reaction between HOC+ and H2, which was previously calculated by DeFrees, McLean, and Herbst to possess a large activation energy barrier. New calculations, reported here, indicate that this activation energy barrier is quite small and may well be zero. In addition, experimental results at higher energy and temperature indicate strongly that the reaction proceeds efficiently at interstellar temperatures. If HOC+ does indeed react efficiently with H2 in interstellar clouds, the calculated HCO+/HOC+ abundance ratio rises to substantially greater value under standard dense cloud conditions than in deduced via the tentative observation of HOC+ in Sgr B2.
Corrosion resistance of hot-dip Zn-6%Al-3%Mg alloy coated steel sheet used in automotive parts (2013)

For the purpose of applying hot-dip Zn-6%Al-3%Mg alloy coated steel sheet ("Zn-Al-Mg") to automotive parts, we compared and investigated the corrosion resistance of Zn-Al-Mg and ordinary materials treated using a conventional rustproofing method ("post-Zn-coated material") exposed to accelerated corrosion test environments.We also collected automotive parts made from Zn-Al-Mg from vehicles that had been driven for three to five years in Canada to examine corrosion resistance capabilities when exposed to actual vehicle environment conditions.We found that Zn-Al-Mg exhibited better corrosion resistance than post-Zn-coated material, even at portions where the steel substrate was exposed (along cut edges and in bent or spot-welded portions).Such Portions of the Zn-Al-Mg were observed as being covered by fine and dense Zn corrosion products containing Mg, which suppresses cathode reactions (dissolved oxygen reduction reactions).As a result, elution of the coating layer around such portions was suppressed and favorable corrosion resistance maintained.The flat and bent portions of automotive parts made of Zn-Al-Mg collected from actual vehicles were covered by fine and smooth corrosion products, with only little corrosion being observed.It was thus confirmed that Zn-Al-Mg also exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in an actual vehicle environment.
Ontology mapping: the state of the art (2003)

Ontology mapping is seen as a solution provider in today's landscape of ontology research. As the number of ontologies that are made publicly available and accessible on the Web increases steadily, so does the need for applications to use them. A single ontology is no longer enough to support the tasks envisaged by a distributed environment like the Semantic Web. Multiple ontologies need to be accessed from several applications. Mapping could provide a common layer from which several ontologies could be accessed and hence could exchange information in semantically sound manners. Developing such mappings has been the focus of a variety of works originating from diverse communities over a number of years. In this article we comprehensively review and present these works. We also provide insights on the pragmatics of ontology mapping and elaborate on a theoretical approach for defining ontology mapping.
All Optical Ultrafast Broadband Silicon Switch (2007)

We demonstrate 1Χ2 all-optical broadband switches using 200-μm-diameter ring resonators on a silicon chip with a rise time of 100 ps. The device can switch a large number (>10) of channels spaced by 0.9 nm.
Identify Your Innovation Enablers and Inhibitors (2008)

OVERVIEW:Alcan Global Pharmaceutical Packaging, Milliken & Co. and Solvay Advanced Polymers have used the Value Innovation Potential Assessment Tool to identify their Value Innovation enablers and inhibitors. Value Innovation is defined as delivering exceptional value to the most important customer in the value chain. The information obtained from this assessment tool allows managers to understand the cultural drivers for innovation within their organization and guide the creation of a more effective Value Innovation culture.
Asynchronous interconnection of large-scale photovoltaic plants: site selection considerations (2012)

Large-scale penetration of photovoltaic (PV) energy in a distribution network requires careful planning of its location on the distribution network since it evidently demands large space, flexible maintenance access and exposure to driving energy sources such as sunlight for PV plants. Besides that, the technical aspects of the design should consider possible constraints that may introduce inefficiency in the generation or simply unexpected loss in the distribution. This paper addresses the decentralisation requirement for large-scale deployment of PV power sources as it resists the intermittency of the PV output naturally. In this study, a Monte Carlo method was used to justify the validity of this implication. A modified Gaussian distribution function was used to model the random fluctuations of the PV source and was used in the Monte Carlo simulation. The result shows considerable boost in the average power level and suppression of the fluctuation rate while the interconnected sources are uncorrelated.
Re-operation within 30 days of radical cystectomy: Identifying high-risk patients and complications using ACS-NSQIP database (2020)

Recognizing increasing BMI, COPD, and African American race as risk factors for re-operation within 30 days of RC will allow urologists to preoperatively identify such high-risk patients and prompt them to adopt more aggressive approaches to minimize postoperative surgical complications.
Acoustic source localization using LS-SVMs without calibration of microphone arrays (2009)

Common assumptions of the conventional approaches to acoustic source localization are usually that the microphones used are ideal and that the locations of the microphones are also known <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">priori</i> , which usually may not hold in practice. Therefore, the microphone arrays need to be calibrated carefully before use. However, it is not an easy task to calibrate microphone arrays perfectly. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm for acoustic source localization based on the least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs). The advantage of the proposed algorithm is that it requires no calibration of microphone arrays. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation results and the real-data experiments.
Plant Antimicrobial Agents and Their Effects on Plant and Human Pathogens (2009)

To protect themselves, plants accumulate an armoury of antimicrobial secondary metabolites. Some metabolites represent constitutive chemical barriers to microbial attack (phytoanticipins) and others inducible antimicrobials (phytoalexins). They are extensively studied as promising plant and human disease-controlling agents. This review discusses the bioactivity of several phytoalexins and phytoanticipins defending plants against fungal and bacterial aggressors and those with antibacterial activities against pathogens affecting humans such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus involved in respiratory infections of cystic fibrosis patients. The utility of plant products as "antibiotic potentiators" and "virulence attenuators" is also described as well as some biotechnological applications in phytoprotection.