gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal synthesis and magnetic property of NaV_2O_5 nanorods (2001)

One dimensional rod like NaV 2O 5 was synthesized by hydrothermal method, which draws much attention as an exotic spin Peierls compound. The samples have been characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD), transmission election microscopy (TEM), and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The pH value and the reducing agent are critical for synthesizing NaV 2O 5 nanorods. The reducing agent NH 2OH may play a key role in the assembly and growth of nanorods of products. [
SNP variation in the promoter of the PRKAG3gene and association with meat quality traits in pig (2012)

Gene expression levels of the porcine PRKAG3 are associated with meat quality phenotypes relating to glycolytic potential and IMF% in the Large White breed, while SNP variation in the promoter region of the gene is associated with PRKAG3 gene expression and meat quality phenotypes.
A Single-Photon Avalanche Diode in 90-nm CMOS Imaging Technology With 44% Photon Detection Efficiency at 690 nm (2012)

A CMOS and back-side illumination-compatible single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is reported in 90-nm imaging technology with a peak photon detection efficiency of ≈ 44% at 690 nm and better than ≈20% at 850 nm. This represents an approximately eightfold improvement in near infrared sensitivity over existing CMOS SPADs. This result has important implications for optical communications, time-of-flight ranging, and optical tomography applications. The 6.4-μm-diameter SPAD also achieves the following: low dark count rates of ≈100 Hz with ≈51-ps FWHM timing resolution and a low after-pulsing probability of ≈0.375%.
Quinoline N-oxides and hydroxamic acids with antibacterial properties (1970)

A number of quinoline N-oxides have been prepared and oxidized by means of lead tetraacetate to quinoline hydroxamic acids (i.e. derivatives of 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolone). Contrary to the findings of other investigators, 1-hydroxy-4-nitro-2(1H)-quinolone (2e) is obtained by treating 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide with lead tetraacetate. Quinolines with a methyl group in the 8-position could not be oxidized to N-oxides with hydrogen peroxide.The antibacterial properties of the hydroxamic acids and some of the N-oxides were evaluated against S. aureus and E. coli.
LASER INDUCED SHOCK WAVES FOR COMPOSITES ADHESIVE BOND TESTING (2010)

A method based on shock waves produced by a pulsed laser is applied to the evaluation of bond strength of composite plates joined by an adhesive layer. A laser shock wave can cause a delamination when it propagates through the adhesive/plate interface. Different laser pulse energies can be used to evaluate this adhesion strength. A good bond will be unaffected by a certain level of shock wave stress whereas a weaker one will be damaged. The method is made quantitative and in‐situ by optically measuring the sample surface velocity with an interferometer. The signals give a signature of well‐bonded and disbonded interfaces, and are used to obtain an estimate of the bond strength. Results show that the proposed test is able to differentiate bond quality. Also, laser‐ultrasonic measurements made on shocked samples confirmed that weak bonds are revealed by the laser shock wave method.
Antitumor Activity and Mechanism of a Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, Dapivirine, in Glioblastoma (2017)

In summary, in our study dapivirine exposure induces stress, resulting in JNK and PI3K/Akt pathway activation through diminished inhibition of the apoptosis and autophagy cascade in U87 GBM cells, which inhibits cell growth <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
Cardiac output estimation in non-standard 3D echocardiographic images (2008)

The aim of this study was to validate cardiac output (CO) values obtained by fully automated segmentation of the left ventricle (LV) against CO measured from the volume flow in the pulmonary artery. Segmentation of the LV in 3D echographic images may substantially support clinical diagnosis of (congenital) heart disease. Assumptions about shape and appearance of the heart are often incorporated in the segmentation method. This is advantageous when analyzing echographic images of normal heart geometries in standardized (apical) views. In abnormal heart geometries, for example in children with congenital malformations, this a priori knowledge about the shape and anatomy of the LV will result in erroneous segmentation results. Therefore, we developed an automated segmentation method without using a priori knowledge. Echocardiographic image sequences of five piglets were obtained in radiofrequency (rf) format. Cardiac blood flow was measured simultaneously in the pulmonary artery by an ultrasound flow probe. Three-dimensional adaptive filtering was performed on the demodulated rf-data to optimize the distinction between blood and myocardium. A 3D gradient-based deformable simplex mesh was then used to segment the endocardial surface. The method can be applied to non-standard heart geometries without having to impose shape constraints. Assuming the CO measurements from the flow probe as a gold standard, excellent correlation (r = 0.99) was observed with the CO estimates obtained from segmentation.
Analytical Models of Phonon–Point-Defect Scattering (2020)

Point defects exist widely in engineering materials and are known to scatter vibrational modes, resulting in reduction in thermal conductivity. The Klemens description of point-defect scattering is the most-prolific analytical model for this effect. This work reviews the essential physics of the model and compares its predictions with first-principles results for isotope and alloy scattering, demonstrating the model to be a useful metric of material design. A treatment of the scattering parameter ($\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$) for a multiatomic lattice is recommended and compared with other treatments presented in the literature, which have been at times misused to yield incomplete conclusions about the system's scattering mechanisms. Additionally, we demonstrate a reduced sensitivity of the model to the full phonon dispersion and discuss its origin. Finally, a simplified treatment of scattering in alloy systems with vacancies and interstitial defects is demonstrated to suitably describe the potent scattering strength of these off-stoichiometric defects.
Postpartum Low-Back Pain (1992)

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sahlgren Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
A Force Control Approach to a Robot-assisted Cell Microinjection System (2009)

Robotic cell microinjection is a technique that utilizes automation technology to insert substances into a single living cell with a fine needle. Compared with manual microinjection, the main benefits of the robotic cell injection are quality, productivity and repeatability. In this paper we aim to control the penetration force during robotic cell injection to quantify the influence of the penetration force on cells. A force-control-based cell injection approach that is capable of regulating the penetration force in a desired force trajectory is developed. The proposed force control framework includes two control loops. The inner loop is an impedance control used to specify the interaction between the needle and the cell. The outer loop is a force tracking non-linear controller using a feedback linearization technique. The cell model is identified online with a least-squares parameter estimator. With the proposed force control approach, the penetration force can be regulated explicitly to follow the desired force trajectory during the cell injection process. Experiments performed on fish embryos verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Coupling effect between two adjacent chiral structure layers (2010)

A pair of mutually twisted metallic cross-wires can produce giant optical activity. When this single chiral layer is stacked layer by layer in order to build a thick chiral metamaterial, strong coupling effects are found between the two adjacent chiral layers. We studied these coupling effects numerically and experimentally. The results show that the existing coupling between chiral layers can make the chiral properties of a two-layered chiral metamaterial different from the constituting single chiral layers. It is explained qualitatively that the coupling effects are generated from the coupling of metallic cross-wires belonging to different chiral layers. Our experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results.
A performance evaluation of the Intel iAPX 432 (1982)

We describe art experiment to test the 432 as a high-level language uniprocessor by comparing it with the 8086, 68000, and VAX-11/780 for four integer and character programs written in Ada, C, and Pascal.
Protective heterologous T cell immunity in COVID-19 induced by MMR and Tdap vaccine antigens (2021)

T cells are critical for control of viral infection and effective vaccination. We investigated whether prior Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) or Tetanus-Diphtheria-pertussis (Tdap) vaccination elicit cross-reactive T cells that mitigate COVID-19. Using co-cultures of antigen presenting cells (APC) loaded with antigens and autologous T cells, we found a high correlation between responses to SARS-CoV-2 (Spike-S1 and Nucleocapsid) and MMR and Tdap vaccine proteins in both SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and individuals immunized with mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The overlapping T cell population contained effector memory T cells (TEMRA) previously implicated in anti-viral immunity and their activation required APC-derived IL-15. TCR- and scRNA-sequencing detected cross-reactive clones with TEMRA features among the cells recognizing SARS-CoV-2, MMR and Tdap epitopes. A propensity-weighted analysis of 73,582 COVID-19 patients revealed that severe disease outcomes (hospitalization and transfer to intensive care unit or death) were reduced in MMR or Tdap vaccinated individuals by 38-32% and 23-20% respectively. In summary, SARS-CoV-2 re-activates memory T cells generated by Tdap and MMR vaccines, which may reduce disease severity.
Study on high frequency inverter with 100kHz current feedback control by using FPGA (2014)

This paper reports the effectiveness of high frequency 100kHz Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) inverter with the current feedback control adopted for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) and Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM). Advantages of the high frequency current feedback control are verified in this paper. First, the motor loss reduction in a PMSM is verified, and second, a method to drive the low inductance motor is considered by driving low inductance SRM. The effectiveness of these methods is verified by the experiments.
Do Antidepressants Influence the Disease Course in Inflammatory Bowel Disease? A Retrospective Case-Matched Observational Study (2011)

Antidepressants, when used to treat concomitant mood disorders in IBD, seem to reduce relapse rates, use of steroids, and endoscopies in the year after their introduction. These results suggest the need for a prospective controlled trial to evaluate their effects on disease course in patients with IBD.
Modeling of Atmospheric Disturbances in Meteorological Pictures (1984)

This paper describes a model-based approach to perform tracking of extratropical atmospheric disturbances from a sequence of satellite cloud-cover images. More precisely, it deals with the estimation of motion of these spiral-shaped cloud systems (both translational and rotational motion), and the measurement of the evolution of their shape. Tracking is achieved by recording from one image to the next the changes of the model parameter values. A maximum likelihood criterion is used in the process of fitting model to sensed data. The defined model takes into account geometric and intensity aspects. Such an approach readily yields global information on the disturbance cloud system of interest. As a requirement in such an application is robustness to noise, to this end two versions of the modeling have been considered.
Evaluation of Variation over Time of Turbidity and Chlorine Consumption in Cycle Filtration and Disinfection Process of Pool Water (2008)

プール水の浄化・殺菌においては，濁度と遊離残留塩素の制御が重要である．一般に，汚濁物質は循環濾過によって除去され，また遊離残留塩素濃度に応じて消毒剤が間欠的に注入される．本研究では，砂濾過機と次亜塩素酸ナトリウムによる消毒システムを備えた室内温水プールにおいて，決まった人数の遊泳者が決まった時間遊泳する種々の計画遊泳を行い，プール水中の濁度，遊離残留塩素濃度および塩素剤注入量の経時変化を測定した．濾過機による汚濁物質の除去特性を考慮にいれた修正室谷式に基づき，汚濁物質排出の原単位である遊泳者1人が単位時間あたりに排出する汚濁物質量の値を用いて，濁度の経時変化を精度良く推定できた．また，遊離残留塩素の消費が遊泳者に由来する部分と遊離残留塩素濃度に比例する部分からなると考え，ある一定レベルの遊離残留塩素濃度を保つために必要な塩素注入量の経時変化を精度良く計算できることを示した．これらの結果は，遊泳プールの設計や運転に対して基礎的知見を与えるものと考えられる．
The List is the Process: Reliable Pre-Integration Tracking of Commits on Mailing Lists (2019)

A considerable corpus of research on software evolution focuses on mining changes in software repositories, but omits their pre-integration history. We present a novel method for tracking this otherwise invisible evolution of software changes on mailing lists by connecting all early revisions of changes to their final version in repositories. Since artefact modifications on mailing lists are communicated by updates to fragments (i.e., patches) only, identifying semantically similar changes is a non-trivial task that our approach solves in a language-independent way. We evaluate our method on high-profile open source software (OSS) projects like the Linux kernel, and validate its high accuracy using an elaborately created ground truth. Our approach can be used to quantify properties of OSS development processes, which is an essential requirement for using OSS in reliable or safety-critical industrial products, where certifiability and conformance to processes are crucial. The high accuracy of our technique allows, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time to quantitatively determine if an open development process effectively aligns with given formal process requirements.
Antigen-based testing but not real-time PCR correlates with SARS-CoV-2 virus culture (2020)

SUMMARY Individuals can test positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after no longer being infectious. 1-8 Positive SARS-CoV-2 antigen-based testing exhibits a temporal pattern that corresponds with active, replicating virus and could therefore be a more accurate predictor of an individual’s potential to transmit SARS-CoV-2. 2,3,9 Using the BD Veritor System for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 later flow antigen detection test, we demonstrate a higher concordance of antigen-positive test results with the presence of cultured, infectious virus when compared to RT-PCR. When compared to infectious virus isolation, the sensitivity of antigen-based testing is similar to RT-PCR. The correlation between SARS-CoV-2 antigen and SARS-CoV-2 culture represents a significant advancement in determining the risk for potential transmissibility beyond that which can be achieved by detection of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA. Coupled with a rapid time-to-result, low cost, and scalability, antigen-based testing should facilitate effective implementation of testing and public health interventions that will better contain COVID-19.
Studying Regioisomer Formation in the Pd-Catalyzed Fluorination of Aryl Triflates by Deuterium Labeling (2014)

Isotopic labeling has been used to determine that a portion of the desired product in the Pd-catalyzed fluorination of electron-rich, non-ortho-substituted aryl triflates results from direct C-F cross-coupling. In some cases, formation of a Pd-aryne intermediate is responsible for producing undesired regioisomers. The generation of the Pd-aryne intermediate occurs primarily via ortho-deprotonation of a L·Pd(Ar)OTf (L = biaryl monophosphine) species by CsF and thus competes directly with the transmetalation step of the catalytic cycle. Deuterium labeling studies were conducted with a variety of aryl triflates.
Functional and structural differences between the prion protein from two alleles prnpa and prnpb of mouse (2000)

The prion protein is a glycoprotein expressed by neurones and other cells. In its holo-form it binds copper and exhibits superoxide dismutase activity. Studies in mice have led to the description of two distinct alleles. Differences in these alleles are linked to long and short incubation times following infection with scrapie. We studied recombinant mouse protein corresponding to the products of either allele and two intermediates carrying single amino-acid residue substitutions. The different forms of the prion protein exhibited differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and conformation. Intermediates with single substitutions were less stable than either allelic product. The findings provide insight into the differences between the two alleles and might have consequences for understanding differences in susceptibility to prion disease.
Multiple visual memory phenomena in a memory search task (2003)

This paper reports evidence of the existence of multiple and distinct visual memory processes in a memory search task in which a divided field stimulus presentation was used at study (Experiments 1-3) and either a foveal (Experiments 1 and 2) or a lateralized (Experiment 3) stimulus presentation was used at test. These memory processes can be distinguished on the basis of (1) whether or not they are hemispherically organized; and (2) the locus of their underlying brain activity, as evidenced by the scalp distribution of the event-related brain potentials and by the localization of the event-related optical signal that accompany them. These memory effects are discussed in the context of visual form memory.
Bi-state Control of Microelectromechanical Nonlinear and Parametric Resonance (2013)

Parametric resonance provides a sharp jump in resonance amplitude at the bifurcation setpoint and is, therefore, ideal for ultrasensitive detection of mass or stress shifts that modify the resonance frequency and hence the bifurcation frequency. This work investigates a bi-state controller capable of servoing along the microelectromechanical (MEMS) parametric resonant bifurcation point at large displacement amplitudes. The control plant is a large-stroke (8 μm) parametric resonator excited by an in-plane “shaped-finger” electrostatic comb drive fabricated using a 15 μm-thick silicon-on-insulator MEMS (SOI-MEMS) process. The large-stroke parametric resonance and the ability to track the bifurcation jump point promote future implementation of ultrasensitive bifurcation-based chemical gravimetric sensors, strain gauges, and mode-matched gyroscope applications. The controller feedback states are two levels of the electrostatic-drive voltage that shift the nonlinear resonance characteristics. The system is driven at a fixed frequency. The feedback states correspond to two steady-state conditions: the “on” state experiencing parametric resonance and the “off” state at zero amplitude. The states are cycled by 200 kHz pulse-width-modulation that circumvents the slow hysteretic latch-on that would occur in steady-state operation. The closed-loop control avoids the necessary setup and ring-down time that are required to settle between the “on” and the “off” states. The exemplary system demonstrated has 1.9 μm servo amplitude with a minimum normalized Allan deviation of 2.36×10<sup>–4</sup>. A second experimental embodiment of the bi-state bifurcation-based controller uses a crab-leg Duffing resonator to servo at the maximum “on” point (5 μm) prior to the bifurcation jump. A quadratic capacitance-displacement response is synthesized by engineering a “shaped-finger” comb profile. The excitation of the nonlinear parametric resonance is realized by selecting an appropriate combination of the electrostatic stiffness coefficients through a specific varying-gap comb-finger design. A large frequency tuning range of 17% is demonstrated in an example crab-leg resonator. A predictive simulation methodology for the nonlinear parametric resonance systems uses elemental behavioral models to compose the system. The mixed MEMS/analog behavioral composable modeling methodology is validated by the characterization of a canonical CMOS-MEMS non-interdigitated comb finger resonator.
Analysis of Patching Scheme from a Practical Perspective (2009)

Most previous researches on patching scheme mainly focused on efficient patch stream generation to minimize the required bandwidth by proposing the optimum patching window. Another typical aspect is that they assumed that all the streaming speed is playback speed without deeply analyzing the effects of streaming speed. However, higher streaming speed, especially higher multicast streaming speed, may give better results in some aspects. Therefore, in this study, we analyze the effects of multicast streaming speed in the aspect of bandwidth usage, when VCR function is supported. First, we reanalyze the previous optimum patching window and total required bandwidth of the patching scheme, since the previous result is too approximate and give inaccurate results in some cases. So, we propose a modified optimum patching window to generate more accurate results when the speed of multicast streams is playback speed. Second, we calculate the optimum patching window and required bandwidth when the multicast streaming speed is multiple times the playback speed. The result shows that optimum patching window size reduces and required bandwidth increases when the speed of multicast stream increases. Finally, we show that the performance patching scheme degrades when VCR action is generated. The playback speed streaming of multicast streams gives good performance in bandwidth usage if VCR function is not considered. However, our analysis shows that the required bandwidth sharply increases when we consider VCR function support. The streaming speed of the multicast stream, which is equal to fast search (FS) streaming speed, gives the upper bound for the required bandwidth when FS function is considered.
Computerassistierte Präzisionschirurgie am Ohr (2011)

Zusammenfassung Chirurgische Eingriffe am Ohr stellen aufgrund der komplexen Anatomie und der Grössenverhältnisse der beteiligten anatomischen Strukturen eine Herausforderung für den HNO-Chirurgen dar. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Ansatz für die roboterbasierte Navigation zur Hörgeräteimplantation vorgestellt. Insbesondere wird auf die Möglichkeit des Fräsens von Implantatlagern im Felsenbein eingegangen. Je präziser ein Implantat im Schädel verankert werden kann, desto einfacher ist der chirurgischen Ablauf. Weiterhin, profitieren Patienten von verkürzten Operationszeiten und weniger schmerzhaften Eingriffen.
Controlling cell growth and survival through regulated nutrient transporter expression (2007)

Although all cells depend upon nutrients they acquire from the extracellular space, surprisingly little is known about how nutrient uptake is regulated in mammalian cells. Most nutrients are brought into cells by means of specific transporter proteins. In yeast, the expression and trafficking of a wide variety of nutrient transporters is controlled by the TOR (target of rapamycin) kinase. Consistent with this, recent studies in mammalian cells have shown that mTOR (mammalian TOR) and the related protein, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), play central roles in coupling nutrient transporter expression to the availability of extrinsic trophic and survival signals. In the case of lymphocytes, it has been particularly well established that these extrinsic signals stimulate cell growth and proliferation in part by regulating nutrient transporter expression. The ability of growth factors to control nutrient access may also play an important role in tumour suppression: the non-homoeostatic growth of tumour cells requires that nutrient transporter expression is uncoupled from trophic factor availability. Also supporting a link between nutrient transporter expression levels and oncogenesis, several recent studies demonstrate that nutrient transporter expression drives, rather than simply parallels, cellular metabolism. This review summarizes the evidence that regulated nutrient transporter expression plays a central role in cellular growth control and highlights the implications of these findings for human disease.