gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Final Evaluation of Randomized CML-Study IV: 10-Year Survival and Evolution of Terminal Phase (2017)

Abstract Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)-study IV was designed to explore whether treatment with imatinib (IM) at 400mg/day (n=400) could be optimized by doubling the dose (n=420), adding IFN (n=430) or cytarabine (n=158) or using IM after IFN-failure (n=128). Methods From July 2002 to March 2012, 1551 newly diagnosed patients in chronic phase were randomized into a 5-arm study. The study was powered to detect a survival difference of 5% at 5 years. The impact of patients' and disease factors on survival was prospectively analyzed. At the time of evaluation, at least 62% of patients still received imatinib, 26.2% were switched to 2nd generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Results After a median observation time of 9.5 years, 10-year overall survival was 82%, 10-year progression-free survival 80% and 10-year relative survival 92%. In spite of a faster response with IM800mg, the survival difference between IM400mg and IM800mg was only 3% at 5 years. In a multivariate analysis, the influence on survival of risk-group, major-route chromosomal aberrations, comorbidities, smoking and treatment center (academic vs. other) was significant in contrast to any form of initial treatment optimization. Patients that reached the response milestones 3, 6 and 12 months, had a significant survival advantage of about 6% after 10 years regardless of therapy. The progression probability to blast crisis was 5.8%. Blast crisis was proceeded by high-risk additional chromosomal aberrations. Conclusions For responders, monotherapy with IM400mg provides a close to normal life expectancy independent of the time to response. Survival is more determined by patients' and disease factors than by initial treatment selection. Although improvements are also needed for refractory disease and blast crisis, more life-time can currently be gained by carefully addressing non-CML determinants of survival. Disclosures Hehlmann: Novartis: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy. Saussele: Pfizer: Honoraria; Incyte: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Honoraria, Research Funding. Pfirrmann: BMS: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria. Krause: Novartis: Honoraria. Baerlocher: Novartis: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria. Bruemmendorf: Novartis: Research Funding. Müller: Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Honoraria, Research Funding; Ariad: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding. Jeromin: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment. Hänel: Roche: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria. Burchert: BMS: Honoraria. Waller: Mylan: Consultancy, Honoraria. Mayer: Eisai: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Link: Novartis: Honoraria. Scheid: Novartis: Honoraria. Schafhausen: Novartis: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Ariad: Honoraria. Hochhaus: Incyte: Research Funding; MSD: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; ARIAD: Research Funding.
Thermal Atomic Layer Etching of Al₂O₃, HfO₂, and ZrO₂ Using Sequential Hydrogen Fluoride and Dimethylaluminum Chloride Exposures (2019)

Atomic layer etching (ALE) of Al₂O₃, HfO₂, and ZrO₂ was accomplished using sequential exposures with hydrogen fluoride (HF) as the fluorination reagent and dimethylaluminum chloride (DMAC, AlCl(CH₃)₂) as the metal reactant for ligand exchange. DMAC could provide either CH₃ or Cl ligands for the ligand-exchange reaction. The presence of the Cl ligand on DMAC led to efficient HfO₂ and ZrO₂ etching attributed to the formation of stable and volatile chloride species. In situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurement observed mass changes during Al₂O₃, HfO₂, and ZrO₂ ALE reactions at 200–300 °C. Al₂O₃, HfO₂, and ZrO₂ were etched linearly versus number of HF and DMAC sequential exposures. The QCM analysis confirmed that the HF and DMAC reactions were self-limiting versus reactant exposure. The QCM studies observed mass changes per cycle (MCPC) of −12.2 ng/(cm² cycle), −94.1 ng/(cm² cycle), and −75.6 ng/(cm² cycle) for Al₂O₃, HfO₂, and ZrO₂ ALE, respectively, at 250 °C. These MCPC correspond to Al₂O₃, HfO₂, and ZrO₂ etch rates of 0.39 A/cycle, 0.98 A/cycle, and 1.33 A/cycle, respectively. In comparison, the AlF₃, HfF₄, and ZrF₄ surface layers were estimated to have thicknesses of 3.0 A, 3.3 A, and 4.4 A on Al₂O₃, HfO₂, and ZrO₂, respectively. The magnitudes of these fluoride thicknesses have the same ordering as the etch rates for Al₂O₃, HfO₂, and ZrO₂ ALE, respectively. X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements verified the etch rates for Al₂O₃ ALE. XRR analysis also confirmed smoothening of the etched Al₂O₃ film. The etch rates for Al₂O₃, HfO₂, and ZrO₂ ALE increased with temperature from 200 to 300 °C. A comparison of Al₂O₃, HfO₂, and ZrO₂ ALE using either HF and DMAC or HF and trimethylaluminum (TMA, Al(CH₃)₃) revealed that higher etch rates were observed for DMAC for all three materials. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies also revealed that Al₂O₃ ALE on masked Al₂O₃ substrates was isotropic and selective in the presence of SiN and SiO₂. Because of the ability of DMAC to provide either CH₃ or Cl ligands during the ligand-exchange reaction, DMAC should be a very useful metal reactant for the thermal ALE of various materials.
Silicon Homoepitaxy by Rapid Thermal Processing Chemical Vapor Deposition (RTPCVD)—A Review (1991)

Rapid thermal processing chemical vapor deposition (RTPCVD) has received considerable attention because of its ability to reduce many of the processing problems associated with thermal exposure in conventional chemical vapor deposition, while still retaining the ability to grow high‐quality epitaxial layers. In this paper, silicon homoepitaxy growth by RTPCVD is studied extensively and comprehensively. The principles of the RTPCVD system are described, followed by results of experiments on in situ cleaning, undoped Si epitaxy on Si and silicon‐on‐insulator substrates, in situ doped Si epitaxy, and selective epitaxial growth of Si using oxide masks and oxide on polycrystalline Si on oxide masks. Selective growth was achieved without the use of . Our results show that RTPCVD is capable of growing high‐quality, epitaxial Si layers with sharp dopant transition profiles. A brief discussion of fabricated devices is included.
Anisotropic giant magnetoresistance near the Mott transition in pressurizedCa2RuO4 (2009)

We have observed an anisotropic and giant magnetoresistance (MR) in the $4d$-electron Mott transition system of ${\text{Ca}}_{2}{\text{RuO}}_{4}$. On the border of the Mott transition $(\ensuremath{\sim}2\text{ }\text{GPa})$, the MR effect at $\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{T}$ reaches $\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{-}55%$ at ${T}_{\text{C}}$ for longitudinal and $\ensuremath{\sim}+120%$ at low temperatures for the transverse effects. The negative MR is most likely interpreted as a reduction in a ferromagnetic (FM) fluctuation at ${T}_{\text{C}}$. In contrast, the large positive effect is actually rare and is characteristic of the mixed state where the FM metallic islands are flecked with the insulating phases. We discuss the reason of the peculiar MR from the viewpoint of the ``anisotropic magnetism,'' the ``tunnel MR,'' and the ``orbital physics.''
In-vivo assessment of radiation-induced cerebrovascular damage in mice by hybrid optoacoustic-ultrasound bio-microscopy (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Radiation-induced brain damage could arise as a side effect in radiotherapy of brain tumors. We present evidence of radiation-induced damage to the skull and brain vasculature of mice as revealed by transcranial optoacoustic and ultrasound bio-microscopy in-vivo. The three-dimensional nature of the acquired optoacoustic images combined with a clear anatomical reference of the pulse-echo ultrasound data allowed clear differentiation of the skull vasculature from the superficial brain vasculature. The irradiation was selectively applied to one brain hemisphere and the effects of the ionizing radiation were evident without introduction of extrinsic labeling, owing to the strong haemoglobin contrast of optoacoustics.
Methodical Approach to Integrate Human Movement Diversity in Real-Time into a Virtual Test Field for Highly Automated Vehicle Systems (2022)

Recently, virtual realities and simulations play important roles in the development of automated driving functionalities. By an appropriate abstraction, they help to design, investigate and communicate real traffic scenario complexity. Especially, for edge cases investigations of interactions between vulnerable road users (VRU) and highly automated driving functions, valid virtual models are essential for the quality of results. The aim of this study is to measure, process and integrate real human movement behaviour into a virtual test environment for highly automated vehicle functionalities. The overall system consists of a georeferenced virtual city model and a vehicle dynamics model, including probabilistic sensor descriptions. By motion capture hardware, real humanoid behaviour is applied to a virtual human avatar in the test environment. Through retargeting methods, which enable the independency of avatar and person under test (PuT) dimensions, the virtual avatar diversity is increased. To verify the biomechanical behaviour of the virtual avatars, a qualitative study is performed, which funds on a representative movement sequence. The results confirm the functionality of the used methodology and enable PuT independence control of the virtual avatars in real-time.
Realizing privacy preserving genome-wide association studies (2016)

Motivation: As genomics moves into the clinic, there has been much interest in using this medical data for research. At the same time the use of such data raises many privacy concerns. These circumstances have led to the development of various methods to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on patient records while ensuring privacy. In particular, there has been growing interest in applying differentially private techniques to this challenge. Unfortunately, up until now all methods for finding high scoring SNPs in a differentially private manner have had major drawbacks in terms of either accuracy or computational efficiency. Results: Here we overcome these limitations with a substantially modified version of the neighbor distance method for performing differentially private GWAS, and thus are able to produce a more viable mechanism. Specifically, we use input perturbation and an adaptive boundary method to overcome accuracy issues. We also design and implement a convex analysis based algorithm to calculate the neighbor distance for each SNP in constant time, overcoming the major computational bottleneck in the neighbor distance method. It is our hope that methods such as ours will pave the way for more widespread use of patient data in biomedical research.
Selection and testing of 2000 photomultiplier tubes for the CMS-HF forward calorimeter (2004)

The CMS-HF forward calorimeter has specific requirements for the construction and the operation of the detector. The phototubes suggested by several manufacturers were tested and Hamamatsu R7525HA photomultiplier tube conformed best to these requirements. About 2000 PMTs were needed in the HF calorimeter. The timing, dark current, and relative gain values of these 2000 phototubes were measured and organized into a database. Single photoelectron spectrum resolution, absolute gain versus high voltage, and the lifetime were measured on a small sample. Except a few phototubes with unacceptably high dark currents, all the tubes were well within the specifications.
Functional Analysis of the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vpx Protein: Identification of Packaging Determinants and a Novel Nuclear Targeting Domain (2001)

The vpx gene products of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and of the closely related simian immunodeficiency viruses from sooty mangabeys (SIVsm) and macaques (SIVmac) comprise a 112-amino-acid virion-associated protein that is critical for efficient virus replication in nondividing cells such as macrophages. When expressed in the absence of other viral proteins, Vpx localizes to the nuclear membrane as well as to the nucleus; however, in the context of virus replication Vpx is packaged into virions via interaction with the p6 domain of the Gag precursor polyprotein (p55(gag)). To identify the domains essential for virion incorporation and nuclear localization, site-directed mutations were introduced into the vpx gene of SIVsmPBj1.9 and functionally analyzed. Our results show that (i) mutation of two highly conserved L74 and I75 residues impaired both virion incorporation and nuclear localization of Vpx; (ii) substitution of conserved H82, G86, C87, P103, and P106 residues impaired Vpx nuclear localization but not virion incorporation; (iii) mutations of conserved Y66, Y69, and Y71 residues impaired virion incorporation but not the translocation of Vpx to the nucleus; and (iv) a mutation at E30 (predicted to disrupt an N-terminal alpha-helix) had no effect on either virion incorporation or nuclear localization of Vpx. Importantly, mutations in Vpx which impaired nuclear localization also reduced virus replication in macaque macrophages, suggesting an important role of the carboxyl terminus of Vpx in nuclear translocation of the viral preintegration complex. Analyzing this domain in greater detail, we identified a 26-amino-acid (aa 60 to 85) fragment that was sufficient to mediate the transport of a heterologous protein (green fluorescent protein [GFP]) to the nucleus. Taken together, these results indicate that virion incorporation and nuclear localization are encoded by two partially overlapping domains in the C-terminus of Vpx (aa 60 to 112). The identification of a novel 26-amino-acid nuclear targeting domain provides a new tool to investigate the nuclear import of the HIV-2/SIV preintegration complex.
<title>New developments in acoustography for fast full-field large-area ultrasonic NDE</title> (2000)

The objective of this study is to provide details on a novel wide area acousto-optic (AO) sensor that can be used to nondestructively evaluate materials and components in near real-time. A description of the technology and how it compares to conventional ultrasonic methods is provided. The results from three experiments provide details on how acoustography compares to conventional ultrasonics when applied to the inspection of composite parts. The first experiment involves performing ultrasonic and acoustography tests on a standard graphite/epoxy composite panel that has embedded inclusions of known sizes. The objective of this experiment is to determine if the capabilities (i.e. resolution) of acoustography are comparable to those of conventional ultrasonic techniques. The second experiment applied acoustography and ultrasonic techniques to evaluate the effects of low impact damage in composite materials. The third experiment involves applying ultrasonics and acoustography to evaluate a complex shaped composite part. The purpose of this experiment is to show the strengths and weaknesses of both techniques as applied to real world problems.
A conceptual architecture for semantic web enabled web services (2002)

Semantic Web Enabled Web Services (SWWS) will transform the web from a static collection of information into a distributed device of computation on the basis of Semantic technology making content within the World Wide Web machine-processable and machine-interpretable. Semantic Web Enabled Web Services will allow the automatic discovery, selection and execution of inter-organization business logic making areas like dynamic supply chain composition a reality. In this paper we introduce the vision of Semantic Web Enabled Web Services, describe requirements for building semantics-driven web services and sketch a first draft of conceptual architecture for implementing semantic web enabled web services.
Enol thioethers in synthesis. Regiocontrolled arylation via organopalladium chemistry (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnol thioethers in synthesis. Regiocontrolled arylation via organopalladium chemistryBarry M. Trost and Yoshio TanigawaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 16, 4743–4745Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00510a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00510a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pregnancy and Delivery in Women with Renovascular Hypertension due to Multiple Intrarenal Microaneurysms: A Report of Two Cases (2014)

We herein report two cases of pregnant women who had chronic hypertension caused by renovascular hypertension due to multiple intrarenal microaneurysms from unknown causes, who had similar clinical courses. During the first pregnancy, both women developed uncontrollable severe hypertension that finally led to superimposed preeclampsia; however, during the second pregnancy, the blood pressure was controlled well, and the clinical courses were uneventful. These cases suggest that an uneventful term delivery may be achieved with adequate blood pressure control in pregnant women with chronic hypertension caused by renovascular hypertension, and a prior eventful clinical course of delivery does not affect the subsequent clinical course.
A study of volume and weight vs. frequency for high-frequency transformers (2002)

The relationship of the volume and the weight versus frequency for high-frequency transformers is studied. A complete analytical procedure taking into consideration core loss and winding loss (including eddy current loss) is developed. Analytical and experimental results reveal that higher frequency does result in smaller transformer design but an optimum frequency exists at which a transformer can be designed with the smallest volume and the lowest weight.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nematodynamics and structures in junctions of cylindrical micropores (2017)

We explore equilibrium structures and flow-driven deformations of nematic liquid crystals confined to 3D junctions of cylindrical micropores with homeotropic surface anchoring. The topological state of the nematic ordering field in such basic unit of porous networks is controlled by nematic orientation profiles in individual pores, anchoring frustration along the edges of joining pores and coupling to the material flow field. We numerically investigate formation of the flow-aligned configurations in single cylindrical pores and pore junctions. Depending on the arrangement of inlet and outlet flows in the junction, we demonstrate existence of numerous stationary nematic configurations, characterised by specific bulk defects and surface disclinations along joining edges. Observed bulk defects are nonsingular escaped structures, disclinations in the form of loops or disclination lines pinned to the joining edges of the pores. Furthermore, we show examples of defect dynamics during the flow-induced topological transformations.
Acute vs chronic exposure to high fat diet leads to distinct regulation of PKA (2017)

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is an essential regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism that plays a critical role in energy homeostasis. The impact of diet on PKA signaling has not been defined, although perturbations in individual PKA subunits are associated with changes in adiposity, physical activity and energy intake in mice and humans. We hypothesized that a high fat diet (HFD) would elicit peripheral and central alterations in the PKA system that would differ depending on length of exposure to HFD; these differences could protect against or promote diet-induced obesity (DIO). 12-week-old C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to a regular diet or HFD and weighed weekly throughout the feeding studies (4 days, 14 weeks; respectively), and during killing. PKA activity and subunit expression were measured in liver, gonadal adipose tissue (AT) and brain. Acute HFD-feeding suppressed basal hepatic PKA activity. In contrast, hepatic and hypothalamic PKA activities were significantly increased after chronic HFD-feeding. Changes in AT were more subtle, and overall, altered PKA regulation in response to chronic HFD exposure was more profound in female mice. The suppression of hepatic PKA activity after 4 day HFD-feeding was indicative of a protective peripheral effect against obesity in the context of overnutrition. In response to chronic HFD-feeding, and with the development of DIO, dysregulated hepatic and hypothalamic PKA signaling was a signature of obesity that is likely to promote further metabolic dysfunction in mice.
Accurate characterization of gate-N/sup -/ overlapped LDD with the new L/sub eff/ extraction method (2002)

Accurate characterization of the gate-N/sup -/ overlapped LDD (lightly doped drain) is carried out, based on the newly extracted L/sub eff/ which corresponds to the metallurgical channel length. Current drive improvement of the overlapped LDD over the conventional LDD is not so large as expected when the comparison is based on the same metallurgical channel length. Gate-source/drain overlap capacitance calculated from the newly extracted overlap length is useful for accurate analysis of propagation delay. It is shown that the current drive improvement of the overlapped LDD does not overcome the increase of the overlap capacitance and that the propagation delay of the inverter with overlapped LDD is larger than that of the conventional LDD, when these two LDDs are optimized for hot carrier reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development and Evaluation of a System for Wearable Audio Navigation (2005)

If it is not possible to use vision when navigating through one's surroundings, moving safely and effectively becomes much harder. In such cases, non-speech audio cues can serve as navigation beacons, as well as denote features in the environment relevant to the user. This paper outlines and summarizes the development and evaluation of a System for Wearable Audio Navigation (SWAN), including an overview of completed, ongoing, and future research relating to the sounds used, the human-system interaction, output hardware, divided attention, and task effects.