gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development, validation and clinical evaluation of a broad-range pan-filovirus RT-qPCR (2019)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) BACKGROUND: During the five decades since their discovery, filoviruses of four species have caused human hemorrhagic fever outbreaks: Marburg (MARV) marburgvirus, and Zaire (EBOV), Sudan (SUDV) and Bundybugyo (BDBV) ebolaviruses. The largest, devastating EBOV epidemic in West Africa in 2014-16, has been followed by outbreaks of MARV in Uganda, 2017, and EBOV in Democratic Republic of Congo, 2018, emphasizing the need to develop preparedness to diagnose all filoviruses. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to optimize a new filovirus RT-qPCR to detect all filoviruses, define its limits of detection (LOD) and perform a field evaluation with outbreak samples. STUDY DESIGN: A pan-filovirus RT-qPCR targeting the L gene was developed and evaluated within the EbolaMoDRAD (Ebola virus: modern approaches for developing bedside rapid diagnostics) project. Specificity and sensitivity were determined and the effect of inactivation and PCR reagents (liquid and lyophilized format) were tested. RESULTS: The LODs for the lyophilized pan-filovirus L-RT-qPCR assay were 9.4 copies per PCR reaction for EBOV, 9.9 for MARV, 1151 for SUDV, 65 for BDBV and 289 for Taï Forest virus. The test was set at the Pasteur Institute, Dakar, Senegal, and 83 Ebola patient samples, with viral load ranging from 5 to 5 million copies of EBOV per reaction, were screened. The results for the patient samples were in 100% concordance with the reference EBOV-specific assay. DISCUSSION: Overall, the assay showed good sensitivity and specificity, covered all filoviruses known to be human pathogens, performed well both in lyophilized and liquid-phase formats and with EBOV outbreak clinical samples.
Species-Specific Induction of Angiotensinogen mRNA in Transgenic Mouse Liver during Acute Phase Reaction. (1992)

[in Japanese]
Catalytic asymmetric heterogeneous aziridination of styrene derivatives using bis(oxazoline)-modified Cu2+-exchanged zeolite Y (2004)

The copper-catalysed aziridination of styrene derivatives using either Cu(OTf)2 as a homogeneous catalyst or copper-exchanged zeolite Y modified as a heterogeneous catalyst with bis(oxazoline) using [N-(p-nitrophenylsulfonyl)imino]phenyliodinane (PhI=NNs) as nitrene donor is described and discussed. For the homogeneously catalysed reaction virtually all the substituted derivatives gave lower yields of the aziridine with lower ee when compared with styrene, although 4-chlorostyrene did give enhanced ee. For the heterogeneous catalysed reaction the styrene derivatives often gave enhanced yield, particularly when the substituent was in the 4-position. Particularly high ee was observed for 2-chlorostyrene (95%) and 4-chlorostyrene (94%) and in general the ee observed for the heterogeneously catalysed reaction with the 2- and 4-substituted derivates was significantly higher than that for the equivalent homogeneously catalysed reaction. With copper-exchanged zeolite Y the leaching of Cu2+ into solution during reaction was much lower for the substituted styrene derivatives (0.4-7% of total Cu) than with styrene itself (10.3% of the total Cu). The effect of reaction time on aziridine yield reveals an S-shaped profile that is accentuated by the position of the substituent and this effect is observed for both the homogeneously catalysed pathway and the heterogeneously catalysed reaction. A series of competitive experiments in which styrene was co-reacted with equivalent quantities of 2-, 3- and 4-chlorostyrene revealed that the reaction of styrene enhanced by the other substrate, but the rate of reaction of the substituted styrene was decreased. Co-reaction of 2- and 4-chlorostyrene reveals interesting competitive effects, which are discussed in terms of the nature of the active site.
Influence of Catalyst Layer Binder on Catalyst Utilization and Performance of Fuel Cell with Polybenzimidazole-H[sub 3]PO[sub 4] Membrane (2009)

This article reports on the impact of the catalyst layer (CL) binder on the performance of fuel cell (FC) with -doped polybenzimidazole membrane. Nafion and fluorinated ethylenepropylene (FEP) were used as binders for carbon-supported platinum catalyst. FC performance declined with the increase of binder concentration in CL. Nafion binder was found to be more detrimental to FC performance than FEP. Changes of platinum electrochemically active surface area (ESA) in the cathode were evaluated by monitoring ESA of carbon support. ESA of carbon in the CL was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Carbon support ESA was found unaffected by the increase of binder (Nafion or FEP) to carbon support (C) mass ratio up to Nafion/ or FEP/. The difference in the influence of these binders on FC performance was ascribed to the difference in arrangement of particles of these binders within the CL.
Selective Nucleation and Growth of Cu and Ni Core/Shell Nanoparticles (2010)

A simple synthesis of core−shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) is reported using a modified polyol process. We found that it is possible to control the nucleation kinetics of nickel and copper salts in ethylene glycol by manipulating the boiling temperature of the solution. It is hypothesized that a 10 °C temperature difference is sufficient to separate out the nucleation of elemental copper and nickel nanoparticles.
Arrays of Heterojunctions of Ag Nanowires and Amorphous Carbon Nanotubes (2004)

Arrays of heterojunctions of Ag nanowires and amorphous carbon nanotubes have been synthesized. These heterojunctions have ohmic current–voltage characteristics based on the general characteristics of electronic structures of amorphous semiconductors and may provide a wide base for the design of various ohmic contacts in nanodevices. The Figure shows atomic force microscopy characterizations of a nanowire–nanotube array.
Flexible cache error protection using an ECC FIFO (2009)

We present ECC FIFO, a mechanism enabling two-tiered last-level cache error protection using an arbitrarily strong tier-2 code without increasing on-chip storage. Instead of adding redundant ECC information to each cache line, our ECC FIFO mechanism off-loads the extra information to off-chip DRAM. We augment each cache line with a tier-1 code, which provides error detection consuming limited resources. The redundancy required for strong protection is provided by a tier-2 code placed in off-chip memory. Because errors that require tier-2 correction are rare, the overhead of accessing DRAM is unimportant. We show how this method can save 15--25% and 10--17% of on-chip cache area and power respectively while minimally impacting performance, which decreases by 1% on average across a range of scientific and consumer benchmarks.
Systemic ALys Amyloidosis Presenting with Gastrointestinal Bleeding (2004)

We report on a patient who, at 36-years of age, was found to suffer from systemic ALys amyloidosis primarily affecting the gastrointestinal tract and kidney. Biopsy specimens from the gastrointestinal tract and kidney were used for histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical studies. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Extended amyloid deposits were found in the upper gastrointestinal tract and entire colon, leading to erosions and gastrointestinal bleeding. Amyloid was found in the kidney resulting in mild proteinuria. Immunohistochemical and biochemical studies identified lysozyme as the amyloid protein. DNA analyses of the lysozyme gene revealed a T to C transversion at the first position of codon 112, indicating a replacement of Trp by Arg at residue 112. This mutation was not found in the lysozyme genes of the patient’s mother and daughter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the seventh report and the first German patient with the exceedingly rare ALys amyloidosis. ALys amyloidosis initially and commonly presents with gastrointestinal and renal symptoms.
The Effects of Immobilization of Long Segments of the Spine on the Adjacent and Distal Facet Force and Lumbosacral Motion (1993)

Long levels of spinal instrumentation and fusion are common in surgery for spinal deformity. The effect on the remaining mobile segments is not well understood. The changes in lumbar facet loading and lumbosacral motion were evaluated as the number of immobilized levels increased. Four fresh canine cadaveric spines from T6 to sacrum were used. Lumbosacral motion was measured with an instrumented spatial linkage device, and facet loads were measured at L1, L4, and L7 using a strain gauge technique. Lumbosacral motion and facet loading were significantly increased (P < 0.05) after immobilization of proximal segments, and the amount of the increase was dependent on the number of immobilized segments (P < 0.05). This indicates that immobilization of long segments of the spine influences the remaining mobile segments by increasing the load and motion not only at the immediately adjacent segment but also at the distal segments.
Cluster calculational approach to tellurite glasses (1998)

Ab initio self-consistent-charge discrete variational $X\ensuremath{\alpha}$ molecular-orbital calculations on the ${\mathrm{TeO}}_{4}$ cluster modeling tellurite glasses are presented. By taking into account the net charge in the cluster calculation, the change of the structural unit in tellurite glasses is consistently interpreted. The difference charge density of the cluster shows the charge accumulation on the Te atom, corresponding to a lone pair of electrons predicted by stereochemical analysis.
Correlation between nanostructure and electron emission characteristics of ballistic electron surface-emitting device (BSD) (2004)

The operation of ballistic electron emitters based on nanocrystallised poly-silicon (NPS) films has been analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalyzer (EDX). The results of nanostructural analyses indicate that the existence of interconnected nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) is a key factor for the efficient ballistic electron emission.
SandCanvas: New Expressions in Sand Animation (2011)

Sand animation is a performance art technique in which an artist tells stories by creating animated images with sand. This video demonstrates the creative possibilities of SandCanvas, a new multi-touch digital artistic medium inspired by sand animation that simplifies the creation of sand animations. SandCanvas’s color and texture features enable faster, more dramatic transitions, while its mixed media and gesture recording features make it possible to create entirely new experiences. Session recording and frame capture complement these capabilities by simplifying postproduction of sand animation performances.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Innate sensing of HIV-infected cells. (2011)

Cell-free HIV-1 virions are poor stimulators of type I interferon (IFN) production. We examined here how HIV-infected cells are recognized by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and by other cells. We show that infected lymphocytes are more potent inducers of IFN than virions. There are target cell-type differences in the recognition of infected lymphocytes. In primary pDCs and pDC-like cells, recognition occurs in large part through TLR7, as demonstrated by the use of inhibitors and by TLR7 silencing. Donor cells expressing replication-defective viruses, carrying mutated reverse transcriptase, integrase or nucleocapsid proteins induced IFN production by target cells as potently as wild-type virus. In contrast, Env-deleted or fusion defective HIV-1 mutants were less efficient, suggesting that in addition to TLR7, cytoplasmic cellular sensors may also mediate sensing of infected cells. Furthermore, in a model of TLR7-negative cells, we demonstrate that the IRF3 pathway, through a process requiring access of incoming viral material to the cytoplasm, allows sensing of HIV-infected lymphocytes. Therefore, detection of HIV-infected lymphocytes occurs through both endosomal and cytoplasmic pathways. Characterization of the mechanisms of innate recognition of HIV-infected cells allows a better understanding of the pathogenic and exacerbated immunologic events associated with HIV infection.
Transforming growth factor‐β and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 act by distinct mechanisms to promote chick limb cartilage differentiation in vitro (1994)

A number of studies suggest that several members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of peptide growth factors may be involved in the regulation of cartilage differentiation. It has been previously reported that TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 promote the chondrogenic differentiation of chick limb mesenchymal cells in high density micromass cultures (Kulyk et al. [1989a] Dev. Biol. 135:424-430). In this study we report that chick limb mesenchymal cells express mRNA for chicken TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3 during cartilage differentiation in vitro. In addition, the time course of their expression during cartilage differentiation is consistent with their playing a role in the initiation of this differentiation process. We also report that two members of the TGF-beta family, TGF-beta 3 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), are capable of promoting the accumulation of cartilage extracellular matrix molecules by differentiating chick limb mesenchymal cells in micromass culture. Significant differences, however, were noted between the specific effects on matrix production elicited by these two growth factors which suggest that they may be acting by distinct mechanisms to regulate cartilage matrix production. TGF-beta appears to be most effective on cells which have not yet undergone cell condensation, a critical event in early cartilage differentiation, whereas BMP-2 is most effective after cells have condensed or differentiated. These observations suggest that TGF-beta 3 and BMP-2 may be acting in a sequential manner to regulate chick limb mesenchymal cells through the different stages of cartilage differentiation.
Protection, control, reliability and diagnostic improvements via single-processor control of circuit breakers in low voltage switchgear (2004)

Protection of low-voltage circuits has been a key area of innovation and continuous improvement since the invention of electricity. In the current state of the art, fuses and circuit breakers protect individual circuits. These devices, in turn, use many different kinds of trip mechanisms, operating in various modes that require sensing the current that travels through the circuits. However these devices, largely, operate separately and independently from each other. Communication networks and external relays are sometimes used to enhance selectivity and provide better protection that the independent over-current devices can provide. In this paper, the authors explore a protection-and-control architecture based on a single processor that provides all the protection and control functions for a line up of low-voltage switchgear. How this method of protection changes the paradigm from individual circuit protection to system protection, while cost-effectively and significantly increasing system reliability and protection is discussed.
Cloning and Expression of the cDNA for Canine Interleukin-12 (1997)

We cloned the canine interleukin-12 (IL-12) subunit cDNA. Canine IL-12 exhibited sequence homology to the known sequences of human, mouse, and bovine genes at nucleotide and amino acid levels. Cotransfection of the p35 and p40 subunits of canine IL-12 cDNA clones into COS-1 cells resulted in the secretion of IL-12, which supported proliferation of the stimulated canine lymphocytes, promoted induction of canine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) from canine lymphocytes, and showed antitumor effect in vitro. The cloned canine IL-12 will be useful for canine therapeutic applications.
Design Method of Efficient, Diode End-Pumped Solid-State Lasers Using M2 Factor. (1996)

A simple design method for longitudinally diodepumped solid-state lasers has been studied. The study indicates that the requirements of the focusing optics of the pump source to realize highly efficient. The desighn method was achieved by using an M2 factor to describe the multi-transverse mode beam of broad area diode lasers and was examined by using a diode pumped Nd:YVO4 miniature laser. A good agreement was obtained between theoretical and experimental output results. A low-threshold and 58.0 % slope efficiency laser oscillation were realized with circular output beam.
Long-term risk of local failure after proton therapy for choroidal/ciliary body melanoma. (2002)

These data, based on relatively long-term follow-up, demonstrate that excellent local control is maintained after proton therapy and that patients with recurrences experience poorer survival.
Формирование микроэлементного состава и гидрогеохимических аномальных зон в подземных водах Камского Приуралья (2014)

The results of hydrogeochemical studies and groundwater mapping in the Kama PreUrals are given in the article. Analytical data (more than 2000 spectral analyses of water samples, mainly from the springs) are analyzed. Regularities of distribution of the background values of basic geochemical parameters (macro – and microelements) in groundwater has been studied. Hydrogeochemical particularities are revealed. Hydro-geochemical zoning was conducted and the geochemical anomalous zones were deter-mined. Studies provided for the first time an integrated assessment of microelements hydrogeochemistry of the Western Urals and the PreUrals at the regional level. A large number of hydrogeochemical anomalies are located on the territory of the Perm region. It was established that concentration for 18 elements exceeds a legislation admissible limit. The large anomalous zones are characteristic for high concentrations of Br, B, Ba, Mn, and Ti, but anomalies of Sb, Be, Cd, V, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sr, F, Zn, Co, Mo, and P are observed locally. Anomalies in the zone of active water exchange form 14 complex geochemical anomalous zones of areas from 2 000 up to 9 000 km2. The natural environments of formation of hydrogeochemical fields are the main factors of generation of the geochemical anomalies with predominant role of structural, tectonic conditions, and geodynamic (neotectonic) activity. The major hydrogeochemical anomalies spatially coincide with litho-geochemical, geophysical anomalies, and geodynamic active zones.
A revision of the species of Amicrocentrinae, a new subfamily (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with a description of the final larval instar of Amicrocentrum curvinervis by J.R.T. Short (1979)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Responses to Dehydration in the One-Humped Camel and Effects of Blocking the Renin-Angiotensin System (2012)

Our objectives were to compare the levels of circulating electrolytes, hormones, and renal function during 20 days of dehydration in camels versus the level in non-dehydrated camels and to record the effect of blocking angiotensin II AT1 receptors with losartan during dehydration. Dehydration induced significant increments in serum sodium, creatinine, urea, a substantial fall in body weight, and a doubling in plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels. Plasma aldosterone, however, was unaltered compared with time-matched controls. Losartan significantly enhanced the effect of dehydration to reduce body weight and increase serum levels of creatinine and urea, whilst also impairing the rise in plasma AVP and reducing aldosterone levels. We conclude that dehydration in the camel induces substantial increments in serum sodium, creatinine, urea and AVP levels; that aldosterone levels are altered little by dehydration; that blockade of angiotensin II type 1 receptors enhances the dehydration-induced fall in body weight and increase in serum creatinine and urea levels whilst reducing aldosterone and attenuating the rise in plasma AVP.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Michael Addition of Carbonyl Compounds to (E)‐β‐Nitrostyrene Catalyzed by N‐Toluenesulfonyl‐L‐proline Amide in Ionic Liquids. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Acrylonitrile copolymerization. Sequence distribution in acrylonitrile‐styrene copolymers by 13C NMR: Conversion and solvent effects (1979)

Abstract Copolymers of acrylonitrile (A) and styrene (S) were synthetized in either N , N ‐dimethylformamide (DMF) or toluene by free radical polymerization. Their sequence distribution was studied by 13 C NMR at 25, 2 MHz. The observed sequence distributions follow first order Markov statistics and may be calculated using the set of reactivity ratios r A = 0,13 and r s = 0,36 (DMF) or 0,40 (toluene) provided the copolymers remain soluble during polymerization. The reactivity ratios were calculated graphically from the experimental triad distributions observed by 13 C NMR using the method of Chiang et al. Deviations from first order Markov statistics were observed for heterogeneous polymerizations or for acrylonitrile rich initial monomer mixtures in DMF. No influence of steric hindrance on the cotacticity of the copolymer chain was noticed within the resolving power of our instrument.
Refracted near-field measurements of refractive index and geometry of silica-on-silicon integrated optical waveguides (1998)

The standard refracted near-field technique for measuring the refractive-index profile of optical fibers cannot be directly used for silica-on-silicon integrated optical waveguides because of the opacity of silicon. A modified method is thus presented to characterize this kind of waveguide. The resolution it gives, both spatially and in the refracted index, is practically as good as that obtained with the standard technique for measuring optical fibers.
Management of infants born with severe neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: the role of platelet transfusions and intravenous immunoglobulin (2013)

Transfusion of random-donor PLTs alone was effective at correcting critically low PLT counts and should be considered as first-line treatment of newborns with unexpected severe NAIT.
An Iterative Methodology for Model Complexity Reduction in Residential Building Simulation (2019)

The present paper introduces an iterative methodology to progressively reduce building simulation model complexity with the aim of identifying potential trade-offs between computational requirements (i.e., model complexity) and energy estimation accuracy. Different levels of model complexity are analysed, from commercial building energy simulation tools to low order calibrated thermal networks models. Experimental data from a residential building in Germany were collected and used to validate two detailed white-box models and a simplified white-box model. The validation process was performed in terms of internal temperature profiles and building thermal energy demand predictions. Synthetic profiles were generated from the validated models and used for calibrating high order models. A reduction (trimming) procedure was applied to reduce the model complexity using an energy performance criterion prior to model trimming. The proposed methodology has the advantage of keeping the physical structure of the original RC model, thus enabling the use of the trimmed lumped parameter building model for other applications. The analysis showed that it is possible to reduce the model complexity by half, while keeping the accuracy above 90% for the targeted building.