gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoacoustic microscopy in tissue engineering (2013)

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is an attractive modality for noninvasive, volumetric imaging of scattering media such as biological tissues. By choosing the ultrasonic detection frequency, PAT enables scalable spatial resolution with desired imaging depth up to ~7 cm while maintaining a high depth-to-resolution ratio of <i>~</i>200 and consistent optical absorption contrasts. Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), the microscopic embodiment of PAT, aims to image at millimeter depth and micrometer-scale resolution. PAM is well-suited for characterizing three-dimensional scaffold-based samples, including scaffolds themselves, cells, and blood vessels, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Here we review our previous work on applications of PAM in tissue engineering and then discuss its future developments.
Numerical Simulation for Reducing the Flood Damage of Green Park Using MIKE URBAN (2015)

In this study, to resolve flood damage in flood-prone areas around Incheon Bridge landfill, numerical analysis was performed according to change of coefficient of runoff considering underground rainfall storage in surrounding parks and facilities to reduce non-point source pollutants. Use of rainfall retention facility to improve urban flooding reduced peak flow and effectively prevented flooding in the subject areas. In the result according to change of coefficient of runoff considering facilities to reduce non-point source pollutants, control of initial rainfall led to reduce peak water level and secure delay time. Based on the study result, to properly install underground retention storage and apply coefficient of runoff according to facilities to reduce non-point source pollutants within the subject areas, providing accuracy of various parameters necessary for future analysis and measurement data will help design effective multi-functional parks with minimized flood damage and prepare measures to prevent disaster.
Enhanced Emission and Two-Photon Absorption Cross-Section by Nanoaggregation of a Cyano-Substituted Stilbene Derivative (2008)

This study reports the synthesis and the investigation of optical behaviors of a stilbene derivative, (Z)-2,3-bis[4-(N-4-(diphenylamino)styryl)phenyl]acrylonitrile (StCN). The nanoaggregates of StCN in 50% water/DMF have exhibit an increased fluorescence intensity and a blue shift with emission maximum wavelength with respect to StCN in 100% N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution. This fluorescence enhancement can be attributed to the formation of J-aggregates. The cyano group prevents coplanarization of both arms and intermolecular face-to-face orientation leading to the formation of J-aggregates preventing the solvent relaxation. A strong fluorescence bathochromic solvatochromism is indicative of a large dipole moment in solution. Also, the two-photon absorption cross-section of nanoaggregates has been increased 1.5 times compared to that in DMF solution at the maximum wavelength.
Caprolactone Ring-Opening Molecular Layer Deposition of Organic-Aluminum Oxide Polymer Films (2012)

New hybrid organic-inorganic thin films are finding use in electronics, biomedical, chemical protection, and energy storage systems applications. In a unique vapor-source molecular layer deposition film formation reaction, we find that cyclic ɛ-caprolactone reacts with surface-adsorbed methyl-aluminum species to build a metal-organic hybrid coordination polymer thin film at substrate temperatures between 60 and 120°C. Infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirms (–Al–O–(C8H16)–O–)n bonding, expected from the a Lewis acid catalyzed surface ring-opening reaction. In-situ IR analysis confirms the surface reaction sequence. The materials show good stability and maintain their physical structure in ambient. This surface acid-catalyzed vapor process could extend to other metal organics and vapor/surface ring opening reactions to yield new organic-inorganic film materials for use in gas diffusion barriers, separation membranes and chemical resistance coatings.
Conductivity and structure of melt‐processed polyaniline binary and ternary blends (2000)

In the present study, conductive binary and ternary blends containing polyaniline (PANI) were developed through melt blending. The binary blends' investigation focused on the morphology, in light of the components' interaction, and the resulting electrical conductivity. Similar solubility parameters of a given doped PANI and a matrix polymer lead to dispersion of fine PANI particles within the matrix, and to formation of conducting paths at low PANI contents. A plasticizer acting also as a compatibilizer improves the matrix polymer/PANI interactions. In ternary blends consisting of PANI and two immiscible polymers, the PANI preferrentially locates in one of the components, affecting the blend's morphology. This “concentrating” effect leads to relatively high electrical conductivity at a low PANI content. The electrical conductivity of the studied ternary blends is almost independent of the components' sequence of addition into the hot melt mixing device, exhibiting the selectivity of PANI towards one of the components. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of yohimbine for the treatment of erectile impotence (1990)

A double-blind crossover study of yohimbine vs. placebo was carried out in 40 patients. Eleven of 33 patients (33%) who completed the study had subjective improvement of erection while taking yohimbine alone, five of 33 (15%) responded while taking both yohimbine and placebo, five of 33 (15%) responded to placebo alone, and 12 of 33 (36%) responded to neither. Of 215 impotent patients subsequently treated with yohimbine, 38% reported some subjective improvement, but only 5% were completely satisfied. The physiologic response of yohimbine appears to occur in the central nervous system. Recent experience suggests that the typical dose has little side effect and higher doses achieves better results, but this conclusion requires more evaluation.
New setup for multi‐parametric MRI in young and old rat gastrocnemius at 4.7 and 7 T during muscle stimulation (2021)

T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> relaxation times combined with <sup>31</sup> P spectroscopy have been proven efficient for muscular disease characterization as well as for pre- and post-muscle stimulation measurements. Even though <sup>31</sup> P spectroscopy can already be performed during muscle exercise, no method for T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> measurement enables this possibility. In this project, a complete setup and protocol for multi-parametrical MRI of the rat gastrocnemius before, during and after muscle stimulation at 4.7 and 7 T is presented. The setup is fully MRI compatible and is composed of a cradle, an electro-stimulator and an electronic card in order to synchronize MRI sequences with muscle stimulation. A 2D triggered radial-encoded Look-Locker sequence was developed, and enabled T<sub>1</sub> measurements in less than 2 min on stimulated muscle. Also, a multi-slice multi-echo sequence was adapted and synchronized for T<sub>2</sub> measurements as well as <sup>31</sup> P spectroscopy acquisitions in less than 4 min in both cases on stimulated muscle. Methods were validated on young rats using different stimulation paradigms. Then they were applied on older rats to compare quantification results, using the different stimulation paradigms, and allowed observation of metabolic changes related to aging with good reproducibility. The robustness of the whole setup shows wide application opportunities.
Preparation, Testing and Characterization of Doped TiO2 Active in the Peroxidation of Biomolecules under Visible Light (2005)

Doped TiO2 samples using different preparative procedures were synthesized using either urea or thiourea leading to N- or S-doped TiO2. Photocatalytic peroxidation and oxidation (mineralization) of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipid with doped TiO2 were carried out under light irradiation lambda > 410 nm. The formation of conjugated double bonds in PE molecules was followed to detect the formation of peroxy radicals (peroxidation index) under light excitation (lambda > 410 nm) when doped TiO2 was used. The kinetics of CO2 production was monitored during the mineralization of PE. Colored TiO2 powders were studied in detail by different and complementary physicochemical techniques. The band gap energies of colored TiO2 were determined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The visible absorption shoulder of TiO2 was observed to follow Urbach's law. The variation of the transient decay after 354 nm laser pulse excitation does not correlate with the different N- and S-TiO2 doping levels introduced by the addition of urea or thiourea. This suggests that the states (recombination centers or traps) introduced by the doping are not effective in varying the decay kinetics within the nanosecond and microsecond time scale. Elemental analysis shows comparable amounts of S- and N-doping of TiO2 when thiourea is used as dopant. X-ray diffraction reveals no rutile in S-TiO2 samples heated to 600 degrees C, suggesting that the addition of sulfur precludes rutilization during sample crystallization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the S-TiO2 samples confirms the preferential localization of S on the 20 topmost layers of S-TiO2 upon calcination at 500 degrees C for 2 h.
Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis by direct gram stain of vaginal fluid (1983)

To determine whether bacterial vaginosis (BV), also known as nonspecific vaginitis, could be diagnosed by evaluating a Gram stain of vaginal fluid, we examined samples from 60 women of whom 25 had clinical evidence of BV and 35 had candidal vaginitis or normal examinations. An inverse relationship between the quantity of the Lactobacillus morphotype (large gram-positive rods) and of the Gardnerella morphotype (small gram-variable rods) was noted on Gram stain (P less than 0.001). When Gram stain showed a predominance (3 to 4+) of the Lactobacillus morphotype with or without the Gardnerella morphotype, it was interpreted as normal. When Gram stain showed mixed flora consisting of gram-positive, gram-negative, or gram-variable bacteria and the Lactobacillus morphotype was decreased or absent (0 to 2+), the Gram stain was interpreted as consistent with BV. Gram stain was consistent with BV in 25 of 25 women given a clinical diagnosis of BV and in none of 35 women with candidal vaginitis or normal examinations. Duplicate slides prepared from 20 additional specimens of vaginal fluid were stained by two methods and examined by three evaluators. Interevaluator interpretations and intraevaluator interpretations of duplicate slides were in agreement with one another and with the clinical diagnosis greater than or equal to 90% of the time. We concluded that a microscopically detectable change in vaginal microflora from the Lactobacillus morphotype, with or without the Gardnerella morphotype (normal), to a mixed flora with few or no Lactobacillus morphotypes (BV) can be used in the diagnosis of BV.
X-ray phase contrast imaging using a grating interferometer (2006)

In conventional x-ray imaging, contrast is obtained through the differences in the absorption cross section of the constituents of the object. The technique yields excellent results where highly absorbing structures, &lt;em&gt;e.g.&lt;/em&gt;, bones, are embedded in a matrix of relatively weakly absorbing material, &lt;em&gt;e.g.&lt;/em&gt;, the surrounding tissue of the human body. However, in those cases where different forms of tissue with similar absorption cross-sections are under investigation (&lt;em&gt;e.g.&lt;/em&gt;, mammography or angiography), the x-ray absorption contrast is relatively poor. Consequently, differentiating pathologic from non-pathologic tissue from an absorption radiograph obtained with a current hospital-based x-ray system still remains practically impossible for many tissue compositions.&lt;br /&gt;To overcome these limitations, several methods to generate radiographic contrast from the phase shift of x-rays passing through the sample have been investigated in recent years.They can be classified into crystal interferometer methods, techniques using an analyzer, and free-space propagation methods. Although some of them yield excellent results for specific problems, none is very widely used. In particular, none of them has so far found medical diagnostics applications,which require a large field of view of many centimeters, the efficient use of broadband radiation as provided by laboratory X-ray generators and a reasonably compact setup.&lt;br /&gt;As an alternative approach we have recently developed a grating based differential phase contrast (DPC) setup which can efficiently be used to retrieve quantitative phase images with polychromatic x-ray sources of low brilliance. Some of the recent results are reviewed in the following.
Nanocylinders: Lithography‐Free Fabrication of Silica Nanocylinders with Suspended Gold Nanorings for LSPR‐Based Sensing (Small 48/2016) (2016)

A dense array of fused silica nanocylinders is achieved using lithography-free reactive ion etching, as presented by A. H. Thilsted and co-workers on page 6745. Varying the etching parameters allows for control of the height and diameter of the nanocylinders. A subsequent gold deposition results in suspended gold nanorings at the tops of the nanocylinders that exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance that can be used for biosensing.
Motion Sensor Dyskinesia Assessment During Activities of Daily Living (P3.070) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of using motion sensors to quantify dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) during activities of daily living. BACKGROUND: Dyskinesia throughout the levodopa dose cycle has been measured using a hand-worn motion sensor during the stationary tasks of arms resting and arms extended posture. Quantifying dyskinesia during unconstrained activities poses a unique challenge since these medication side effects are difficult to distinguish from voluntary movement. DESIGN/METHODS: Fifteen subjects with PD were instrumented with motion sensors units on each hand and heel. Data were recorded as subjects completed a series of simulated activities of daily living. Following recording in the OFF medication state, subjects were instructed to take their usual prescribed dose of medication. Recordings were repeated once per hour for three hours over the course of the dose cycle. Data recording sessions were videotaped for subsequent clinical scoring by two blinded movement disorder experts per the modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. The average of the upper extremity, lower extremity, and global dyskinesia severity scores across both raters was used as an overall measure for subsequent analyses. The kinematic data were processed into features and used in linear regression models, which output 0-4 dyskinesia severity scores. RESULTS: Movements when patients were in the ON medication state and experiencing dyskinesia were irregular with higher peak angular velocities, when compared to movements when patients were not experiencing dyskinesia. Dyskinesia scores predicted by the model were highly correlated with average clinician scores with a correlation coefficient of 0.86 and root-mean-square-error of 0.39. CONCLUSIONS: A system with two motion sensors units may provide an accurate measure of overall dyskinesia that can be used to monitor patients as they complete complex movements associated with typical activities. Such a system could provide valuable insight on symptom fluctuation in the context of daily life. Study Supported by: NIH/NINDS 7R43NS071882
Cellular responses to ionising radiation of AT heterozygotes: differences between missense and truncating mutation carriers (2004)

It has been estimated that approximately 1% of the general population are ataxia telangiectasia (AT) mutated (ATM) heterozygotes. The ATM protein plays a central role in DNA-damage response pathways; however, the functional consequences of the presence of either heterozygous truncating or missense mutations on ATM expression and the ionising radiation (IR)-induced cellular phenotype remain to be fully determined. To investigate this relationship, the ATM mRNA and protein levels and several cellular end points were characterised in 14 AT heterozygote (AT het) lymphoblastoid cell lines, compared to normal and AT homozygote lines. The AT het cell lines displayed a wide range of IR-induced responses: despite lower average levels of ATM mRNA and protein expression compared to normal cells, 13 out of 14 were capable of phosphorylating the ATM substrates p53-ser15 and Chk2, leading to a normal cell cycle progression after irradiation. However, cell survival was lower than in the normal cell lines. The presence of a missense compared to a truncating mutation was associated with lower cell survival after exposure to 2 Gy irradiation (P=0.005), and a higher level of ATM mRNA expression (P=0.047). Our results underline the difficulty in establishing a reliable test for determining ATM heterozygosity.
3-Substituted Tropane Derivatives. I. The Synthesis and Stereochemistry of the Tropane-3-carboxylic Acids and Their Esters. A Comparison of Positional Isomers in the Tropane Series1 (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-Substituted Tropane Derivatives. I. The Synthesis and Stereochemistry of the Tropane-3-carboxylic Acids and Their Esters. A Comparison of Positional Isomers in the Tropane Series1CHARLES L. ZIRKLE, T. A. GEISSMAN, M. BLOOM, PAUL N. CRAIG, FRED R. GERNS, ZENA K. INDIK, and ALEX M. PAVLOFFCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 4, 1269–1279Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01051a037RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Human-Multi-Robot Teleoperation for Cooperative Manipulation Tasks using Wearable Haptic Devices (2017)

Cooperative multi-robot systems require planning and adaptive capabilities in order to perform cooperative manipulation tasks in dynamic or unstructured environments. Since these capabilities are inherent to humans, it is suitable to consider human-multi-robot teleoperation for cooperative manipulation where one human commands a multi-robot system. In this paper, a teleoperated multi-robot system is considered as a redundant system in the task space. A dynamic redundancy resolution control approach is performed in the task space to decouple two subtasks: object manipulation and grasp maintenance. Control inputs for both subtasks are provided by the human. The inputs are projected onto the space of subtasks using a forward mapping strategy. Measured wrenches are projected onto the feedback signals provided to the human via wearable fingertip haptic devices through a feedback mapping strategy. Experimental results validate the benefits of the proposed approach.
Titanium Carbide MXene Nucleation Layer for Epitaxial Growth of High-Quality GaN Nanowires on Amorphous Substrates (2020)

Growing III-nitride nanowires on 2D materials is advantageous, as it effectively decouples the underlying growth substrate from the properties of the nanowires. As a relatively new family of 2D materials, MXenes are promising candidates as III-nitride nanowire nucleation layers capable of providing simultaneous transparency and conductivity. In this work, we demonstrate the direct epitaxial growth of GaN nanowires on Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene films. The MXene films consist of nanoflakes spray coated onto an amorphous silica substrate. We observed an epitaxial relationship between the GaN nanowires and the MXene nanoflakes due to the compatibility between the triangular lattice of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene and the hexagonal structure of wurtzite GaN. The GaN nanowires on MXene show good material quality and partial transparency at visible wavelengths. Nanoscale electrical characterization using conductive atomic force microscopy reveals a Schottky barrier height of ∼330 meV between the GaN nanowire and the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene film. Our work highlights the potential of using MXene as a transparent and conductive preorienting nucleation layer for high-quality GaN growth on amorphous substrates.
Thermal barrier coatings produced by chemical vapor deposition (2003)

Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) can be employed as thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on Ni-based super alloys in gas turbines and aircraft engines. The YSZ coatings have been fabricated by atmospheric plasma spraying or electron-beam physical vapor deposition. The increase in operation temperature of gas turbines demands another fabrication process to obtain high quality TBCs. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can be an alternative route to prepare TBCs due to excellent conformal coverage and columnar microstructure. This paper reviews the fabrication of YSZ films by conventional thermal CVD and plasma CVD intended for TBCs. A new laser CVD developed by our group with a high deposition rate of 660 µμh-1 was also briefly introduced.
Chemical mediation as a structuring element in marine gastropod predator-prey interactions (2017)

Covering: up to 2017Chemical mediation regulates behavioral interactions between species and thus affects population structure, community organization and ecosystem function. Among marine taxa that have developed chemical mediation strategies, gastropods belong to a diverse group of molluscs found worldwide, including species with a coiled, reduced or absent shell. Most gastropods use natural products to mediate a wide range of behaviors such as defense, prey location or interactions with con- and hetero-geners. Their chemically defended diet, such as cyanobacteria, algae, sponges, bryozoans and tunicates, provides them with a considerable opportunity either as shelter from predators, or as a means to enhance their own chemical defense. In addition to improving their defenses, molluscs also use prey secondary metabolites in complex chemical communication including settlement induction, prey detection and feeding preferences. The assimilation of prey secondary metabolites further provides the opportunity for interactions with conspecifics via diet-derived chemical cues or signals. This review intends to provide an overview on the sequestration, detoxification, and biotransformation of diet-derived natural products, as well as the role of these compounds as chemical mediators in gastropod-prey interactions.