gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Utility of Genetic Risk Testing in Primary Care: The Example of Type 2 Diabetes (2013)

Genetic advances in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) have led to the discovery and validation of multiple markers for this complex disease. Despite low predictive value of current T2D markers beyond clinical risk factors and family history, researchers are exploring the clinical utility and outcomes of implementation in practice, and testing is available via direct-to-consumer markets. Clinical utility research demonstrates high hypothetical utility to patients for motivating behavior change and potentially reducing risk. However, trials to date have not demonstrated improvements in behavioral and clinical outcomes over and above counseling based on traditional risk factors. Ongoing research in T2D genetics and associated risk-prediction models is necessary to refine genetic risk pathways, algorithms for risk prediction and use of this information in clinical care. Further research is also needed to explore care models and support interventions that address the needs of personalized risk information and sustainable preventive behaviors to reduce the rising prevalence of T2D.
Production of 2,3-Butanediol from Pretreated Corn Cob by Klebsiella oxytoca in the Presence of Fungal Cellulase (1997)

A simple and effective method of treatment of lignocellulosic material was used for the preparation of corn cob for the production of 2,3-butane­diol by Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 8724 in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. During the treatment, lignin, and alkaline extractives were solubilized and separated from cellulose and hemicellu­lose fractions by dilute ammonia (10%) steeping. Hemicellulose was then hydrolyzed by dilute hydrochloric acid (1%, w/v) hydrolysis at 100°C at atmospheric pressure and separated from cellulose fraction. The remain­ing solid, with 90% of cellulose, was then used as the substrate. A butane­diol concentration of 25 g/L and an ethanol concentration of 7 g/L were produced by K. oxytoca from 80 g/L of corn cob cellulose with a cellulase dosage of 8.5 IFPU/g corn cob cellulose after 72 h of SSF. With only dilute acid hydrolysis, a butanediol production rate of 0.21 g/L/h was obtained that is much lower than the case in which corn cob was treated with ammonia steeping prior to acid hydrolysis. The butanediol production rate for the latter was 0.36 g/L/h.
The role of pepsin in acid injury to esophageal epithelium (2001)

OBJECTIVES:

The development of reflux esophagitis in humans is a process resulting from esophageal exposure to refluxed gastric contents. There is no doubt that damage to the esophageal epithelium requires exposure to gastric acid; however, the role of refluxed pepsin as contributor to this damage seems to be underappreciated.

METHODS:

The role of physiological concentrations of pepsin was examined in Ussing chambered rabbit esophageal epithelium and in cultured esophageal epithelial cells.

RESULTS:

The results of this investigation reaffirmed the ability of pepsin to increase the rate and degree of esophageal cell and tissue damage at acidic pH, although the range of activity was limited to pH < 3.0. Moreover, the increased rate of tissue damage by acidified pepsin rapidly (within 15 min) produced a lesion that was irreversible, whereas, in a similar time frame, acid alone produced a lesion that was completely reversible. This early lesion by acidified pepsin was localized by performance of mannitol fluxes in apparently undamaged esophageal epithelium on light microscopy to the intercellular junctional complex. Further acid produced similar degrees of cell killing as acidified pepsin at pH < 3.0 in rabbit esophageal epithelial cells in suspension but not when growing on coverslips or present within intact epithelium.

CONCLUSIONS:

These studies suggest that acidified pepsin plays a key role in the development of reflux esophagitis by producing an early irreversible lesion that results in an increase in paracellular permeability, which indirect evidence suggests is due to damage to the junctional complex. The irreversibility of the increase in paracellular permeability is likely to aid conversion of nonerosive to erosive damage to the epithelium by permitting luminal acid greater access to the basolateral membrane of esophageal epithelial cells, which is known to be acid permeable.
ESPRESSO at VLT. On-sky performance and first results (2020)

Context. ESPRESSO is the new high-resolution spectrograph of ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT). It was designed for ultra-high radial-velocity (RV) precision and extreme spectral fidelity with the aim of performing exoplanet research and fundamental astrophysical experiments with unprecedented precision and accuracy. It is able to observe with any of the four Unit Telescopes (UTs) of the VLT at a spectral resolving power of 140 000 or 190 000 over the 378.2 to 788.7 nm wavelength range; it can also observe with all four UTs together, turning the VLT into a 16 m diameter equivalent telescope in terms of collecting area while still providing a resolving power of 70 000. Aims. We provide a general description of the ESPRESSO instrument, report on its on-sky performance, and present our Guaranteed Time Observation (GTO) program along with its first results. Methods. ESPRESSO was installed on the Paranal Observatory in fall 2017. Commissioning (on-sky testing) was conducted between December 2017 and September 2018. The instrument saw its official start of operations on October 1, 2018, but improvements to the instrument and recommissioning runs were conducted until July 2019. Results. The measured overall optical throughput of ESPRESSO at 550 nm and a seeing of 0.65″ exceeds the 10% mark under nominal astroclimatic conditions. We demonstrate an RV precision of better than 25 cm s−1 during a single night and 50 cm s−1 over several months. These values being limited by photon noise and stellar jitter shows that the performance is compatible with an instrumental precision of 10 cm s−1. No difference has been measured across the UTs, neither in throughput nor RV precision. Conclusions. The combination of the large collecting telescope area with the efficiency and the exquisite spectral fidelity of ESPRESSO opens a new parameter space in RV measurements, the study of planetary atmospheres, fundamental constants, stellar characterization, and many other fields.
Shortest paths in time-dependent FIFO networks using edge load forecasts (2009)

We study the problem of finding shortest paths in time-dependent networks with edge load forecasts where the behavior of each edge is modeled as a time-dependent arrival function with FIFO property. Here, we present a new algorithm that computes for a given start node s and destination node d, the shortest paths and earliest arrival times for all possible starting times. Our algorithm runs in time O((Fd + λ)(|E| + |V| log |V|)) where Fd is the output size (number of linear pieces needed to represent the earliest arrival time function) and λ is the input size (number of linear pieces needed to represent the local earliest arrival time functions for all edges in the network). Our method improves significantly on the best previously known algorithm which requires time O(Fmax |V||E|) where Fmax ≥ Fd is the maximum number of linear pieces needed to represent the earliest arrival time function between the start node s to any node in the network. It has been conjectured that there are cases where Fmax is of super-polynomial size; however, even in such cases, Fd might still be of linear size. In such cases, our algorithm would take polynomial time to find the solution, while other methods require super-polynomial time. Both of the above methods are not useful in practice for graphs where Fd is of super-polynomial size. For such graphs, we present the first approximation method to compute for all possible starting times at s, the earliest arrival times at d within error at most ε. Our algorithm runs in time O(Δ/ε(|E| + |V|log|V|)) where Δ is the difference between the earliest arrival times at d for the latest and earliest starting times at s.
Quantification of spatial inhomogeneity in conduction and initiation of reentrant atrial arrhythmias (1990)

In isolated superfused left atria of the rabbit, inhomogeneity in conduction was quantified using the activation times measured with a high-density mapping system. At each recording site, the maximal difference with neighboring activation times (i.e., phase difference) was calculated. Local phase differences were plotted in a phase map, revealing the spatial distribution of inhomogeneities in conduction, and from each map a total index of inhomogeneity was calculated. During slow pacing (2 Hz) local differences in conduction velocity, depending on the direction of propagation, were found already. Inhomogeneity in conduction increased significantly during single early premature beats (inhomogeneity index increased from 2.3 to 3.1; P less than 0.001). The application of multiple premature beats further increased inhomogeneity in conduction, whereas rapid pacing induced the highest level of inhomogeneity (inhomogeneity index 5.3; P less than 0.001). An analysis of the spatial distribution of maximal phase differences revealed that during premature beats inhomogeneities in conduction were limited to an area of 6 mm around the point of origin of the premature impulse, whereas during rapid pacing inhomogeneities in conduction were found throughout the whole preparation. Phase maps constructed during the initiation of reentrant tachyarrhythmias showed that reentry occurred at sites with the highest phase differences. Quantification of spatial inhomogeneities in conduction is a useful tool to evaluate the vulnerability of the myocardial substrate for reentrant arrhythmias.
Overexpression of cytotoxic proteins correlates with liver function impairment in patients with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) (2018)

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is characterised by skin rash and multivisceral involvement. The liver is the organ most frequently affected and the degree of liver function impairment often correlates with the mortality rate of DRESS. We aimed to examine the expression of cytotoxic proteins, including soluble Fas ligand (sFasL), TNF-α, granulysin, perforin, and granzyme B in the sera and skin lesions of patients with DRESS and evaluate their clinical significance. Our cohort consisted of 21 patients with DRESS and control groups including 39 patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, 21 patients with maculopapular eruption, and 29 normal controls. Concentrations of cytotoxic proteins in the sera were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Tissue samples were also obtained from typical skin lesions, and immunohistochemical staining was conducted to assess the local expression of cytotoxic proteins. We found that sFasL and granzyme B were significantly overexpressed in the sera of DRESS patients compared to normal controls. Furthermore, the levels of sFasL, perforin, and granzyme B significantly correlated with the serum level of liver enzymes in DRESS patients. Immunohistochemical examination also showed overexpressed cytotoxic proteins in cutaneous DRESS lesions. Cytotoxic proteins may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of DRESS, and serum sFasL, perforin, and granzyme B may also be involved in liver function impairment in DRESS patients.
Power reduction in test-per-scan BIST (2002)

The input signal activities during test can be much higher than during test. Hence, it is important to reduce power consumption to avoid any failures during test. In this paper, we propose techniques to reduce power dissipations in both the combinational block and the scan chain for test-per-scan BIST. Some extra circuitry is introduced between the combinational logic and the scan chain to make the combinational block idle during the scan-in and scan-out operation, and the scan chain is re-ordered so that the number of signal transitions in it is minimized. Compared to the standard weighted random pattern (WRP) testing (without re-ordering), the number of signal transitions in the scan chain can be reduced by 43.8%. With some extra circuitry, the power dissipation in the combinational block can be reduced to less than 0.86%, compared to the standard test-per-scan BIST.
Sulfiphilic Nickel Phosphosulfide Enabled Li2S Impregnation in 3D Graphene Cages for Li–S Batteries (2017)

A 3D graphene cage with a thin layer of electrodeposited nickel phosphosulfide for Li2S impregnation, using ternary nickel phosphosulphide as a highly conductive coating layer for stabilized polysulfide chemistry, is accomplished by the combination of theoretical and experimental studies. The 3D interconnected graphene cage structure leads to high capacity, good rate capability and excellent cycling stability in a Li2S cathode.
Metallothionein turnover in mammalian cells. Implications in metal toxicity. (1986)

Metallothioneins are low molecular weight, cysteine-rich proteins believed to participate in metal detoxification. Turnover of Cd-, Zn-, and Au-induced metallothionein was studied in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line which was resistant to Cd and the Au-containing drug auranofin. Cd, Zn, and Au were potent inducers of metallothionein mRNA and resulted in accumulation of approximately equal amounts of mRNA. Pulse-chase studies with [35S]cysteine revealed that the half-life of Au-, Zn-, and Cd-induced metallothionein was 0.75, 10, and 24 h, respectively. The differences in the half-life of metallothionein may be related to the tertiary structure of metal-metallothionein complexes. These results have implications in the mechanism of resistance to gold compounds.
Understanding Invariance via Feedforward Inversion of Discriminatively Trained Classifiers (2021)

A discriminatively trained neural net classifier can fit the training data perfectly if all information about its input other than class membership has been discarded prior to the output layer. Surprisingly, past research has discovered that some extraneous visual detail remains in the logit vector. This finding is based on inversion techniques that map deep embeddings back to images. We explore this phenomenon further using a novel synthesis of methods, yielding a feedforward inversion model that produces remarkably high fidelity reconstructions, qualitatively superior to those of past efforts. When applied to an adversarially robust classifier model, the reconstructions contain sufficient local detail and global structure that they might be confused with the original image in a quick glance, and the object category can clearly be gleaned from the reconstruction. Our approach is based on BigGAN (Brock, 2019), with conditioning on logits instead of one-hot class labels. We use our reconstruction model as a tool for exploring the nature of representations, including: the influence of model architecture and training objectives (specifically robust losses), the forms of invariance that networks achieve, representational differences between correctly and incorrectly classified images, and the effects of manipulating logits and images. We believe that our method can inspire future investigations into the nature of information flow in a neural net and can provide diagnostics for improving discriminative models.
Thermo-mechanical behaviour and shape memory characteristics of carbon fibre reinforced epoxy (2018)

In this study, the thermo-mechanical behaviour, shape memory characteristic and the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young’s modulus, impact energy and hardness of the carbon fibre reinforced shape memory epoxy composite have been investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Crystal and Magnetic Structures of Maricite‐Type AgMnVO4. (2015)

Abstract Polycrystalline AgMnVO 4 is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Ag 2 O, MnO, and V 2 O 5 according to the literature.
Elongation factor‐2 kinase: immunological evidence for the existence of tissue‐specific isoforms (1996)

eEF-2 kinase is a ubiquitous Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that is specific for protein synthesis elongation factor-2 (eEF-2). This study describes an improved procedure for the purification of eEF-2 kinase from rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The eEF-2 kinase preparation was used to raise polyclonal antibodies, which immunoprecipitated eEF-2 kinase protein and activity from rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The antibodies recognized a single 103 kDa band in extracts from several cell lines including NIH 3T3, PC12, C6 glioma, HeLa, and MCF-7 breast carcinoma. However, there was no immunoreactivity in extracts of rabbit or bovine liver or rabbit kidney despite the presence of abundant eEF-2 kinase activity in these tissues. Exposure of PC12 cells to nerve growth factor (NGF) resulted in rapid down-regulation of eEF-2 kinase activity and a decrease in immunoreactivity. After 24 h of incubation with NGF, the activity of the kinase recovered to 80% of initial values. In contrast, the immunoreactivity of eEF-2 kinase continued to decrease. These data suggest that tissue-specific isoforms of eEF-2 kinase may exist and that these isoforms may be regulated by growth factors.
Interference and Priority Aware Coexistence (IPC) Algorithm for Link Scheduling in IEEE 802.15.6 Based WBANs (2019)

This paper presents an Interference and Priority aware Coexistence (IPC) algorithm to ensure coexistence between multiple WBANs communicating within each other transmission range. By intelligently keeping an interfering WBAN silent, the IPC approach aims to maximize simultaneous (interference-free) transmissions from sensor nodes of different WBANs. Coordinators use beacons to exchange interference and priority aware metrics. This information is later used to generate an interference graph of the sensors associated with the coordinator and perform link scheduling. The IPC approach has been evaluated for two different interference scenarios namely, a High interference scenario which considers interference from the highest interfering coordinator or sensor node of all coexisting WBANs, and a Moderate interference scenario (conventionally used in the existing literature) which considers interference from the coordinator only. Considering the mobility of WBANs, the performance of IPC is evaluated in terms of spatial reuse, system throughput, delay, and packet delivery rate. IPC shows significant improvement in all performance metrics over existing schemes.
Improving Security Policy Coverage in Healthcare (2010)

With the adoption of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs), an increasing number of health-related Web applications are now available to consumers, providers and partners. While this transformation offers huge benefits, there are security and privacy concerns integral to the process of electronic healthcare delivery. In this work, the authors first survey the body of evidence to emphasize the design of appropriate security solutions for electronic healthcare applications. The successful solutions will always comply with the prime directive of healthcare - “nothing should interfere with delivery of care” (Grandison and Davis, 2007). The authors then formally present the problem of reconciling security and privacy policies with the actual healthcare workflow, which we refer to as the policy coverage problem. They outline a technical solution to the problem based on the concept of policy refinement, and develop a privacy protection architecture called PRIMA. They also offer guidelines for electronic healthcare applications to ensure adequate policy coverage. The ultimate goal is that electronic healthcare applications should be made secure without compromising usability.
Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI to Differentiate Parotid Neoplasms Using Golden-Angle Radial Sparse Parallel Imaging (2019)

Golden-angle radial sparse parallel MR imaging allows high spatial and temporal resolution permeability characterization of parotid neoplasms, with a high negative predictive value for malignancy prediction. Combining time-to-maximum and ADC improves pleomorphic adenoma prediction compared with either metric alone.
Genetic determinants of chronic oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity: a genome‐wide study replication and meta‐analysis (2015)

We aimed at validating the role of genetic variants identified by a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) as determinants of chronic oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OXAIPN). Eight polymorphisms (rs10486003, rs2338, rs843748, rs797519, rs4936453, rs12023000, rs17140129, and rs6924717) were genotyped in a total of 150 colorectal cancer patients of Caucasian origin receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. The severity grade of chronic OXAIPN was assessed by NCI-CTC criteria and the clinical version of the Total Neuropathy Score(©) (TNSc(©) ). None of the polymorphisms investigated was found associated with grade ≥ 2 chronic OXAIPN (NCI-CTC criteria), while a nominal association emerged for ACYP2 rs843748 when using the TNSc(©) scale (dominant model: odds ratio [OR]: 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10-0.75, P = 0.008). In the combined analysis of this results with data of the two previously published studies which assessed chronic OXAIPN by NCI-CTC criteria, evidence suggestive of association with chronic OXAIPN (NCI-CTC criteria) was found for ACYP2 rs843748 (dominant model: OR: 2.40, 95%CI: 1.40-5.24, P = 0.027), which, however, did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing (threshold P-value <0.00625). These findings suggest a minor role of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) investigated as genetic determinants of chronic OXAIPN. These results also highlight the importance of replication studies with meta-analysis for validation of GWAS findings.
True orthophoto generation using line segment matches (2018)

Abstract When generating a true orthophoto from aerial urban scenes, especially those containing man‐made features with large height differences, sawtooth effects in feature edges can occur in the rectified images. Aiming to eliminate such effects, this study proposes an advanced orthorectification method using line segment matches, allowing 3D building edges to be accurately reconstructed. The corresponding 2D line segments are first extracted and matched, enabling the reconstruction of 3D line segments by joining two planes and imposing a line end‐point constraint. The 3D line segments are then dissected into discrete 3D points to be incorporated into the 3D point cloud obtained by a dense matching algorithm. Finally, a more complete and accurate triangulated irregular network ( TIN ) model can be constructed to provide important basic data for true orthophoto production. Experimental results show that sawtooth effects can be eliminated, resulting in significantly improved quality in the true orthophotograph.
Édito (2014)

Les images et les écrans sont omniprésents dans notre société. Et le rapport entre image et texte n’est pas anodin. Est-il besoin de dire que la traduction d’un texte associé à des images ne peut faire abstraction de ces dernières ? Formulée de cette façon, la réponse semble aller de soi mais il m’est souvent arrivé de devoir réclamer les illustrations qu’un donneur d’ordre avait volontairement omis de joindre au texte à traduire (quel intérêt ?) - et je suis sûre que beaucoup d’entre vous on...
Wound-edge protection devices for preventing surgical site infection in abdominal surgery (2013)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To compare the effects of WEPDs in the prevention of SSI in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.