gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sustained coherent spin wave emission using frequency combs (2020)

While rapid demagnetization of magnetic metals, driven by a laser pulse, can excite spin waves with high efficiency, they dissipate faster than the typical laser pulse repetition rate, precluding any continuous spin-wave generation. Here, the authors combine a gigahertz femtosecond laser comb with a Brillouin light scattering microscope to excite and detect sustained, coherent spin waves. Both localized and propagating spin waves can be excited with tailored wave vectors and a laser power dependent amplitude obeying Bloch's T${}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ law.
Patient-specific computational models predict prognosis in B cell lymphoma by quantifying pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic signatures from genetic sequencing data (2023)

Abstract Genetic heterogeneity and co-occurring driver mutations impact clinical outcomes in blood cancers. Grouping tumours into clusters based on genetic alterations is prognostically informative. However, predicting the emergent effect of co-occurring mutations that impact multiple complex and interacting signalling networks remains challenging. Here, we used mathematical models to predict the impact of co-occurring mutations on cellular signalling and cell fates in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and multiple myeloma (MM). Simulations predicted adverse impact on clinical prognosis when combinations of mutations induced both pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic signalling. So, we established a pipeline to integrate patient-specific mutational profiles into personalised lymphoma models. Using this approach, we identified a subgroup (19%) of patients characterised by simultaneous upregulation of anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative (AAPP) signalling. AAPP patients have dismal prognosis and can be identified within all current genomic and cell-of-origin classifications. Combining personalised molecular simulations with mutational clustering enabled stratification of patients into clinically informative prognostic categories: good (80% progression-free survival at 120 months), intermediate (median progression-free survival of 93 months), and poor (AAPP, median progression-free survival of 26 months). This study shows that personalised computational models enable identification of novel high-risk patient subgroups, providing a valuable tool for future risk-stratified clinical trials.
Alfalfa-containing diets alter luminal microbiota structure and short chain fatty acid sensing in the caecal mucosa of pigs (2018)

Our results suggested that alfalfa-containing diet has exerted significant impacts on caecal microbiota composition, butyrate concentration and significantly upregulated mRNA expression of host caecal mucosal genes involved in SCFA sensing and absorption as well as regulation of satiety.
RS1 structure-function relationships : roles in retinal adhesion and X-linked retinoschisis (2009)

X-linked retinoschisis is a form of macular degeneration that can result in visual loss in young males or in females with both copies of the gene defective. The RS1 gene associated with X-linked retinoschisis was positionally cloned in 1997. The gene was found to encode RS1, a 224-amino acid protein containing a discoidin domain that spans most of the protein. Discoidin domains are found in a wide variety of proteins that are involved mainly in cell adhesion. This thesis investigation examined the structure-function relationships in RS1 and their roles in maintaining retinal cell adhesion and in causing X-linked retinoschisis. Results showed that RS1 exists as a single disulfide-linked homo-octamer formed by intermolecular disulfide bonds between C59 and C223. C40-C40 intermolecular disulfide bonds further result in disulfide-linked dimer formation within this octameric complex. Within the discoidin domain, C63-C219 and C110-C142 form intramolecular disulfide bonds to allow for proper protein folding and stability of the discoidin domain, and C83 exists as a free cysteine. To allow for RS1 secretion into the extracellular matrix, each RS1 subunit is cleaved after S23 by signal peptidase. The main molecular mechanisms that cause X-linked retinoschisis can be grouped into four categories: mutations in the leader sequence prevent proper RS1 targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum; most mutations in the discoidin domain prevent proper protein folding and secretion; mutations in C59 or C223 prevent octameric assembly; and R141H within the discoidin domain causes abnormal oligomer formation. A suspected polymorphism D158N was shown to behave similarly to wildtype RS1. To identify the component that RS1 interacts with, known ligands of discoidin family proteins were tested for their ability to bind RS1. Unlike Factor V, RS1 did not bind phospholipids; however, similar to discoidin I, RS1 bound to D-galactose. This interaction depended on the octameric form of RS1, as dimers or monomers interacted weakly with galactose. Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside eluted RS1 from a galactose-agarose column. This property was used to purify RS1 from retinal membranes. In summary, RS1 is a lectin whose function critically depends on the proper folding of its discoidin domain and disulfide-linked octamerization.
Multi-channel Kalman filters for active noise control (2013)

By formulating the feed-forward broadband active noise control problem as a state estimation problem it is possible to achieve a faster rate of convergence than the filtered reference least mean squares algorithm and possibly also a better tracking performance. A multiple input/multiple output Kalman algorithm is derived to perform this state estimation. To make the algorithm more suitable for real-time applications, the Kalman filter is written in a fast array form and the secondary path state matrices are implemented in output normal form. The resulting filter implementation is tested in simulations and in real-time experiments. It was found that for a constant primary path the filter has a fast rate of convergence and is able to track changes in the frequency spectrum. For a forgetting factor equal to unity the system is robust but the filter is unable to track rapid changes in the primary path. A forgetting factor lower than 1 gives a significantly improved tracking performance but leads to a numerical instability for the fast array form of the algorithm.
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Nelfinavir and Atazanavir Induce Malignant Glioma Death by Triggering Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (2007)

HIV type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors (PI) have been shown to have anticancer activity in non-HIV-associated human cancer cells. The underlying mechanism of this effect is unclear. Here, we show that the PIs nelfinavir and atazanavir cause cell death in various malignant glioma cell lines in vitro. The underlying mechanism of this antitumor effect involves the potent stimulation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response (ESR), as indicated by increased expression of two ESR markers, GRP78 and CHOP, and activation of ESR-associated caspase-4. Induction of ESR seems to play a central role in PI-induced cell death because small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of the protective ER chaperone GRP78 sensitizes cells; whereas knockdown of proapoptotic caspase-4 protects cells from PI-induced cell death. Furthermore, the treatment of cells with PIs leads to aggresome formation and accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins, implying proteasome inhibition. Thus, our results support a model whereby PIs cause tumor cell death via triggering of the ESR, inhibition of proteasome activity, and subsequent accumulation of misfolded proteins. Inhibition of glioma growth via ESR takes place in the in vivo setting as well, as nelfinavir inhibits the growth of xenografted human malignant glioma, with concomitant induction of the proapoptotic ER stress marker CHOP. Because ER stress has also been reported as the mechanism for insulin resistance and diabetes, our ER stress model of PI function may also explain why these drugs may induce insulin resistance as one of their most common side effects.
Understanding of the Offshore Wind Resource up to High Altitudes (≤ 315 m) (2019)

In order to better understand North Sea wind conditions, analyses were performed on wind speed and direction measurements by light-detection and ranging (lidar) at eight offshore measurement locations distributed throughout the North Sea. Lidar enabled measurement of the North Sea wind conditions at relatively high altitudes (i.e. ≤ 315 m) and therefore was used to examine vertical profiles of wind shear and veer. The greatest wind shear was observed with south-westerly wind directions and high wind speeds, and in general wind direction veered (i.e. increased in magnitude) with height. The wind speed distribution as defined by the Weibull probability distribution was also determined at each measurement location and height. Measurement-site wind speed distributions exhibited inter-annual variability and varied as a function of height and proximity to the coast. The Weibull scale parameter on average increased with height, while the Weibull shape parameter decreased with height. Vertical tendencies in the Weibull scale parameter were expected (i.e. wind speed on average increases with height); however, vertical tendencies in the Weibull shape parameter were nontrivial. This reduction in the Weibull shape parameter with height indicates that although the winds become less turbulent with height, the range of possible wind speeds is greater at higher altitudes (i.e. wider distribution). Further, correlation in wind speed and direction between lidar measurement locations was determined in order to examine the potential applicability of measurement-correlate predict methods within the North Sea. Analyses conclude with a comparison of the lidar wind speed measurements to wind data produced by the KNW-atlas. KNW atlas wind speed comparisons were made to lidar data at LEG, HKZA, and HKZB and overall, the KNW atlas compares well with these measurements.
Somatostatin Receptor Type 5 Modulates Somatostatin Receptor Type 2 Regulation of Adrenocorticotropin Secretion (2005)

Somatostatin inhibits adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion from pituitary tumor cells. To assess the contribution of somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SST5) to somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SST2) action in these cells, we assessed multipathway responses to novel highly monoreceptor-selective peptide agonists and multireceptor agonists, including octreotide and somatostatin-28. Octreotide and somatostatin-28 cell membrane binding affinities correlated with their respective SST2-selective peptide ligand. Although octreotide had similar inhibiting potency (picomolar) for cAMP accumulation and ACTH secretion as an SST2-selective agonist, somatostatin-28 exhibited a higher potency (femtomolar). Baseline spontaneous calcium oscillations assessed by fluorescent confocal microscopy revealed two distinct effects: SST2 activation reduced oscillations at femtomolar concentrations reflected by high inhibiting potency of averaged normalized oscillation amplitude, whereas SST5 activation induces brief oscillation pauses and increased oscillation amplitude. Octreotide exhibits an integrated effect of both receptors; however, somatostatin-28 exhibited a complex response with two separate inhibitory potencies. SST2 internalization was visualized with SST2-selective agonist at lower concentrations than for octreotide or somatostatin-28, whereas SST5 did not internalize. Using monoreceptor-selective peptide agonists, the results indicate that, in AtT-20 cells, SST5 regulates the dominant SST2 action, attenuating SST2 effects on intracellular calcium oscillation and internalization. This may explain superior somatostatin-28 potency and provides a rationale for somatostatin ligand design to treat ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors.
Integrating Enterprise Resource Planning vendor evaluation into a proposed ERP selection methodology (2007)

This study pinpoints the absence of any literature on the vendor's process of analysing, designing, developing and delivering the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system and identifies the need for a selection methodology that includes a targeted set of criteria covering these areas. We aim to address this issue by defining the term ERP Supply Chain, describing its core processes and by proposing ERP selection methodology that takes into account its main characteristics, thus providing a holistic approach and increasing ERP selection process' efficiency. In doing so, the basic steps of the methodology are presented followed by a set of selection criteria categorised within the three stages of the selection process and interrelated with the specific steps of ERP vendor's supply chain. In addition, in order to support our arguments and present a more applicable view of the proposed methodology, a case study from the Greek Gas and Oil industry is briefly presented.
Campaign Expenditures, Contributions and Direct Endorsements: The Strategic Use of Information and Money to Influence Voter Behavior (1997)

A costly signaling model is presented in which we show how campaign expenditures can buy votes. The model shows that the amount of campaign expenditures may convey the electorate information about the candidate’s intended policy. When this model is extended to allow for a contributing interest group, it appears that for campaigning to be informative it is sometimes crucial that campaign funds are supplied by informed third parties. The extension also provides an explanation why interest groups contribute to the candidate’s campaign, rather than using direct endorsements; they may need the candidate as an intermediary to filter their opposing interests.
Severe but temporary injury to rabbit orbicularis oculi muscle using dihematoporphyrin ether and laser photochemomyectomy (1992)

The use of local dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE) injections, followed by laser light activation, was investigated as a potential permanent myectomy treatment for muscle spasms, in particular blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. DHE was injected into the eyelids of rabbits, followed by laser activation, as used in photochemotherapy. Four days after treatment, histological examination indicated that doses of greater than or equal to 0.5 mg of DHE and laser treatment with an energy density of at least 100 J/cm2 resulted in an almost total destruction of the orbicularis oculi muscle in the treated eyelid. The amount of muscle injury was dependent on both dose of DHE and energy density levels. Histologically, the tarsal glands and conjunctiva were damaged. Glandular tissue was markedly reduced, and the conjunctival epithelium showed hyperplasia and a loss of mucous cells. Six months after DHE and laser treatment, the majority of the muscle tissue had regenerated, although there was evidence of previous injury. While DHE injections combined with laser light activation were lethal to muscle at the site of treatment, this treatment was not permanent. The orbicularis oculi muscle retained its ability to regenerate. However, photochemomyectomy may be studied further as an adjuvant treatment to temporarily injure and debulk large muscles when botulinum toxin is contraindicated due to the large doses involved or as a permanent treatment when used together with an antimitotic agent such as doxorubicin.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid‐Crystalline Mixed [60]Fullerene‐Ferrocene Materials. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Robust Cooperative Relaying in a Wireless LAN: Cross-Layer Design and Performance Analysis (2009)

A key technology in cooperative communications is distributed space-time coding (DSTC) which achieves spatial diversity gain from multiple relays. A novel DSTC, called randomized distributed space-time coding (R-DSTC), shows considerable advantages over a regular DSTC in terms of system complexity. In this paper, we exploit the benefits of R-DSTC physical (PHY) layer and develop a distributed and opportunistic medium access control (MAC) layer protocol for R-DSTC deployment in an IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN). Unlike other cooperative MAC designs, in our proposed PHY-MAC cross-layer framework, there is no need to decide which stations will serve as relays before each packet transmission. Instead, the MAC layer opportunistically recruits relay stations on the fly; any station that receives a packet from the source correctly forwards it to the destination. Through extensive simulations, we validate the efficiency of our MAC layer protocol and demonstrate that network capacity and delay performance is considerably improved with respect to legacy IEEE 802.11g network.
An Extrinsic Kalman Filter for Iterative Multiuser Decoding (2004)

One powerful approach for multiuser decoding is to iterate between a linear multiuser filter (which ignores coding constraints) and individual decoders (which ignore multiple-access interference). Subject to clearly formulated statistical assumptions and the history of input signals provided by the outer decoders over all previous iterations, an extrinsic Kalman filter is suggested. This approach is motivated by the recent observation that decoder outputs are loosely correlated during initial iterations. Numerical results show that iterative decoding using this filter provides better performance in terms of the supportable load and convergence speed as compared to previously suggested linear-filter-based iterative decoders.
Three-Dimensional Structures of Pathogenic and Saprophytic Leptospira Species Revealed by Cryo-Electron Tomography (2012)

Leptospira interrogans is the primary causative agent of the most widespread zoonotic disease, leptospirosis. An in-depth structural characterization of L. interrogans is needed to understand its biology and pathogenesis. In this study, cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) was used to compare pathogenic and saprophytic species and examine the unique morphological features of this group of bacteria. Specifically, our study revealed a structural difference between the cell envelopes of L. interrogans and Leptospira biflexa involving variations in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer. Through cryo-ET and subvolume averaging, we determined the first three-dimensional (3-D) structure of the flagellar motor of leptospira, with novel features in the flagellar C ring, export apparatus, and stator. Together with direct visualization of chemoreceptor arrays, DNA packing, periplasmic filaments, spherical cytoplasmic bodies, and a unique "cap" at the cell end, this report provides structural insights into these fascinating Leptospira species.
FPGA Implementation of a Stereo Matching Processor Based on Window-Parallel-and-Pixel-Parallel Architecture (2005)

This paper presents a processor architecture for high-speed and reliable stereo matching based on adaptive window-size control of SAD (Sum of Absolute Differences) computation. To reduce its computational complexity, SADs are computed using images divided into non-overlapping regions, and the matching result is iteratively refined by reducing a window size. Window-parallel-and-pixel-parallel architecture is also proposed to achieve to fully exploit the potential parallelism of the algorithm. The architecture also reduces the complexity of an interconnection network between memory and functional units based on the regularity of reference pixels. The stereo matching processor is implemented on an FPGA. Its performance is 80 times higher than that of a microprocessor ([email protected] GHz), and is enough to generate a 3-D depth image at the video rate of 33 MHz.
Inspection and Cleaning Manual for Equipment and Vehicles to Prevent the Spread of Invasive Species (2012)

This manual provides uniform guidelines for inspection and thorough cleaning of vehicles and equipment that come in contact with pest and invasive species during Reclamation work. The information in this manual will help personnel to understand how pest and invasive plants and animals are spread and will provide instructions and recommendations to reduce their spread. The general types of equipment described in this manual are: rubber-tired land vehicles, tracked land vehicles, personal use equipment, construction and facility equipment, and watercraft. In addition to inspection and cleaning procedures, a section with descriptions of species of concern is included.
An All-solid-state Laser with High Stability Output Power (2011)

A CW,LD pumped Nd∶YVO4,532 nm green laser with high stability output power of 144 mW was reported.The laser stability was achieved by double closed-loop feedback system,which provided the high accuracy temperature control of LD and KTP crystal by thermoelectric cooler(TEC) and feedback control of laser power.The accuracy of temperature control reached the level of ±0.1 ℃ in the experiment.Meanwhile,the real-time feedback of LD output power was based on the error variance of nonlinearity curve by Si-photo detecting variables with LD current.Threshold mode PI control algorithm could reduce the stable error and their output signals were used to adjust LD pump current source as so to gain the output power stability.The long-term stability was excellent with ±1% variation in the output power.
Clinical Symposium II: Interspinous-based Dynamic Stabilization (2008)

Interspinous-based dynamic stabilization has become a popular form of treatment in recent years. Though many companies have developed innovative designs for interspinous spacer devices, there are many questions yet to be answered. Some of these devices have considerably more clinical experience than
A Strategy for Stable, On-Seed Application of a Nitrogen-Fixing Microbial Inoculant by Microencapsulation in Spray-Dried Cross-linked Alginates (2022)

Microbial inoculants are environmentally sustainable alternatives to petrochemical-derived herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers in agriculture. We demonstrated the potential to develop a commercializable Klebsiella variicola product with storage and on-seed stability by encapsulating in cross-linked alginate matrix (CLAM) powder by spray drying. The cross-linked alginate microencapsulation by spray drying ('CLAM process'), an industrially scalable one-step strategy, produced a K. variicola-loaded CLAM with up to ∼1 × 1010 CFU/g powder. The K. variicola-loaded CLAM maintained high viability during encapsulation, slurrying, and adhesion onto seed surfaces (∼7 × 105 CFU/seed) and during ambient storage on corn seeds. K. variicola in CLAM powder maintained long-term (>5 months) viability in controlled environments, such as refrigerated, or oxygen and moisture-free environments. Trehalose with maltodextrin when added to the CLAM successfully extended stability in powder under ambient conditions, while maltodextrin alone had limited impact. Encapsulation in the CLAM maintained K. variicola viability on bare corn seeds with storage stability beyond 3 months.