gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary life history theory as an organising framework for cohort studies: insights from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (2020)

By tracking a group of individuals through time, cohort studies provide fundamental insights into the developmental time course and causes of health and disease. Evolutionary life history theory seeks to explain patterns of growth, development, reproduction and senescence, and inspires a range of hypotheses that are testable using the longitudinal data from cohort studies. Here we review two decades of life history theory-motivated work conducted in collaboration with the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS), a birth cohort study that enrolled more than 3000 pregnant women in the Philippines in 1983 and has since followed these women, their offspring and grandoffspring. This work has provided evidence that reproduction carries "costs" to cellular maintenance functions, potentially speeding senescence, and revealed an unusual form of genetic plasticity in which the length of telomeres inherited across generations is influenced by reproductive timing in paternal ancestors. Men in Cebu experience hormonal and behavioural changes in conjunction with changes in relationship and fatherhood status that are consistent with predictions based upon other species that practice bi-parental care. The theoretical expectation that early life cues of mortality or environmental unpredictability will motivate a "fast" life history strategy are confirmed for behavioural components of reproductive decision making, but not for maturational tempo, while our work points to a broader capacity for early life developmental calibration of systems like immunity, reproductive biology and metabolism. Our CLHNS findings illustrate the power of life history theory as an integrative, lifecourse framework to guide longitudinal studies of human populations.
“Invisible” gold revealed: Direct imaging of gold nanoparticles in a Carlin-type deposit (2004)

Although As-rich, hydrothermal overgrowths on pyrite have been recognized as the primary host phase for Au in Carlin-type deposits in Nevada, the chemical and structural state of the Au has remained unresolved. Spectroscopic and electron imaging techniques have suggested that Au is either structurally bound (e.g., Au1+) or occurs as particles of native Au (Au0), but the latter has never been observed directly. We have determined that Au is present in significant quantities as discrete nanoparticles of native Au (~5.10 nm) in As-rich overgrowths on pyrite from the Screamer deposit in the Carlin trend, Nevada, using analytical and high-resolution TEM and high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging in STEM mode. Electron microprobe and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses of the As-rich rims containing the Au-particles reveal that these rims (1.20 µm) contain up to 0.8 wt% Au, among the highest Au-contents ever reported for arsenian pyrite. These observations suggest two possible mechanisms for nanoparticle formation: that Au exceeded its solubility limit in arsenian pyrite causing it to be deposited as nanoparticles of native metal; or that exsolution of native metal from metastable arsenian pyrite was caused by a later event in the history of the deposit.
Gas fermentation: cellular engineering possibilities and scale up (2017)

Low carbon fuels and chemicals can be sourced from renewable materials such as biomass or from industrial and municipal waste streams. Gasification of these materials allows all of the carbon to become available for product generation, a clear advantage over partial biomass conversion into fermentable sugars. Gasification results into a synthesis stream (syngas) containing carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) and nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>). Autotrophy-the ability to fix carbon such as CO<sub>2</sub> is present in all domains of life but photosynthesis alone is not keeping up with anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> output. One strategy is to curtail the gaseous atmospheric release by developing waste and syngas conversion technologies. Historically microorganisms have contributed to major, albeit slow, atmospheric composition changes. The current status and future potential of anaerobic gas-fermenting bacteria with special focus on acetogens are the focus of this review.
Design of Fluorescent Lamp Ballast With PFC Using a Power Piezoelectric Transformer (2005)

An investigation of a high-power piezoelectric transformer (PT) as a potential component for a fluorescent lamp (FL) ballast with power factor correction (PFC) is discussed. The attractiveness of the PT is primarily the simplicity of the resulting circuit, and it is easy to be produced in mass with a low cost. A single-stage charge-pump PFC ballast using a PT is proposed. The proposed ballast circuit improved the drawbacks of the conventional voltage-source charge-pump PFC (VS-CPPFC) scheme. Empirical PT modeling based on power level excitation is performed to design the proposed circuit, and the experimental and simulation results are provided to verify theoretical analysis.
Development of a Phage Display Panning Strategy Utilizing Crude Antigens: Isolation of MERS-CoV Nucleoprotein human antibodies (2019)

Antibody phage display has been pivotal in the quest to generate human monoclonal antibodies for biomedical and research applications. Target antigen preparation is a main bottleneck associated with the panning process. This includes production complexity, downstream purification, quality and yield. In many instances, purified antigens are preferred for panning but this may not be possible for certain difficult target antigens. Here, we describe an improved procedure of affinity selection against crude or non-purified antigen by saturation of non-binders with blocking agents to promote positive binder enrichment termed as Yin-Yang panning. A naïve human scFv library with kappa light chain repertoire with a library size of 10<sup>9</sup> was developed. The improved Yin-Yang biopanning process was able to enrich monoclonal antibodies specific to the MERS-CoV nucleoprotein. Three unique monoclonal antibodies were isolated in the process. The Yin-Yang biopanning method highlights the possibility of utilizing crude antigens for the isolation of monoclonal antibodies by phage display.
Flying Desert Rat: The Combat Career of Squadron Leader Bert Houle (1998)

Albert Houle is a Canadian whose war, while not totally unique for a Canadian fighter pilot in World War Two, was certainly far from the norm. His entire combat career was fought in North Africa, Sicily and Italy. His first tour was with the Royal Air Force and his second with the Royal Canadian Air Force. Similar to another Canadian ace George Beurling, Houle's desire for combat and intemperate attitude to all those who stood in his way led to as many actions on the ground as in the air. Almost without exception, Houle viewed anyone not in combat or directly supporting it as so much administrative deadwood and this attitude would cost him on more than one occasion. However, unlike Beurling, Houle had the demeanour and desire to lead men in combat and bring them home again.
Knotless spline noise removal technique for improved OHCR (2010)

Noise in on-line hand written characters due to natural shaking of the hand and noise due to the process of digitization is inherent and this can lead to a degraded performance of character recognition system. In this paper, we propose a noise removal technique based on knotless spline. We first show that its noise removal property is independent of the amount of noise unlike the traditional Gaussian smoothing and further show that the noise removal can significantly enhance the performance of the character recognition algorithm. We specifically perform experiments with Devanagari data and show that the noise removal can enhance the performance of character recognition by as much as 10%.
Robust timing synchronization design in OFDM systems - Part II: high-mobility cases (2007)

In this paper we consider the design of a robust timing synchronization algorithm for pilot-aided OFDM systems in high-mobility fading environments. We first analyze the impact of both mobility and timing errors on the performance of a pilot-aided OFDM system for frequency selective fading channels, by deriving an expression for channel estimation error variance. The analysis will show that, even for high levels of mobility, a pilot-aided channel estimator is considerably sensitive to timing errors, due to the impact of rotations in different bases. We then show how this sensitivity can be utilized to design a robust timing synchronization algorithm for mobile OFDM systems, without relying on synchronization training information. Theoretical results are then confirmed by simulating the performance of an OFDM system in high delay and Doppler spread fading environments. Finally, we show how the proposed mathematical framework and algorithm can be used to address timing synchronization in the presence of a frequency offset as well. The analysis of this paper is the extension of the derivations of Part I [8], the accompanying paper on the design of a robust timing synchronizer for low-mobility OFDM systems.
Optical-path design and study of fine tracking assembly in space optical communication (2012)

An effective means for achieving high tracking accuracy is utilization of coarse and fine compound-axis structure in space laser communication. Firstly, this paper makes an optimization design of whole optical-path structure. Secondly, for enhancing energy density of beacon to make CCD work with high frame rate in the process of fine tracking, a technique is put forward, which uses a single beacon to switch between both different divergence angles. Thirdly, this paper designs an image processing unit of FTA (fine tracking assembly) based on FPGA, which adopts a sub-pixel subdivision technology. Finally, test results indicate that the tracking accuracy can be up to 1.2μrad in one time variance when pixel resolution is 3μrad, which meets the pointing accuracy requirement of space laser communications.
L'hyperthermie, une modalité oncologique pluridisciplinaire (1994)

L-hyperthermie consiste en l'elevation de la temperature du corps ou d'une de ses parties, par des moyens externes au-dela de 41°C. La chaleur a une activite cytotoxique propre et provoque une sensibilisation des cellules aux radiations ionisantes ou a la chimiotherapie. Le gain therapeutique est environ de 2. Seules les tumeurs superficielles peuvent etre traitees adequatement par les moyens actuels. Les indications sont la palliation de tumeurs superficielles telles que les recidives loco-regionales du cancer du sein, les recidives ganglionnaires de cancers ORL et les cancers de la peau, en particulier les melanomes
Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cell Expansion by Plating Whole Bone Marrow at a Low Cellular Density: A More Advantageous Method for Clinical Use (2011)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising source for cell therapy due to their pluripotency and immunomodulant proprieties. As the identification of "optimal" conditions is important to identify a standard procedure for clinical use. Percoll, Ficoll and whole bone marrow directly plated were tested from the same sample as separation methods. The cells were seeded at the following densities: 100 000, 10 000, 1000, 100, 10 cells/cm(2). After reaching confluence, the cells were detached, pooled and re-plated at 1000, 500, 100, and 10 cells/cm(2). Statistical analyses were performed. Cumulative Population Doublings (PD) did not show significant differences for the separation methods and seeding densities but only for the plating density. Some small quantity samples plated in T25 flasks at plating densities of 10 and 100 cells/cm(2) did not produce any expansion. However, directly plated whole bone marrow resulted in a more advantageous method in terms of CFU-F number, cellular growth and minimal manipulation. No differences were observed in terms of gross morphology, differentiation potential or immunophenotype. These data suggest that plating whole bone marrow at a low cellular density may represent a good procedure for MSC expansion for clinical use.
Exercise Preconditioning Protects against Spinal Cord Injury in Rats by Upregulating Neuronal and Astroglial Heat Shock Protein 72 (2014)

The heat shock protein 72 (HSP 72) is a universal marker of stress protein whose expression can be induced by physical exercise. Here we report that, in a localized model of spinal cord injury (SCI), exercised rats (given pre-SCI exercise) had significantly higher levels of neuronal and astroglial HSP 72, a lower functional deficit, fewer spinal cord contusions, and fewer apoptotic cells than did non-exercised rats. pSUPER plasmid expressing HSP 72 small interfering RNA (SiRNA-HSP 72) was injected into the injured spinal cords. In addition to reducing neuronal and astroglial HSP 72, the (SiRNA-HSP 72) significantly attenuated the beneficial effects of exercise preconditioning in reducing functional deficits as well as spinal cord contusion and apoptosis. Because exercise preconditioning induces increased neuronal and astroglial levels of HSP 72 in the gray matter of normal spinal cord tissue, exercise preconditioning promoted functional recovery in rats after SCI by upregulating neuronal and astroglial HSP 72 in the gray matter of the injured spinal cord. We reveal an important function of neuronal and astroglial HSP 72 in protecting neuronal and astroglial apoptosis in the injured spinal cord. We conclude that HSP 72-mediated exercise preconditioning is a promising strategy for facilitating functional recovery from SCI.
Isolation and identification of chemical constituents from Althaea rosea(Linn.)Cavan.(I) (2013)

Objective To expand the medicinal resources of Althaea rosea(Linn.)Cavan.Methods The compounds were isolated by chromatographies such as silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC,and identified by the chemical and physical methods,especially spectral analysis.Results Fourteen compounds were isolated.The structures of them were identified as scopoletin(1),3,5,7-trihydroxychromone(2),trans-caffeic acid(3),4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(4),3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(5),p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(6),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(7),4-O-β-D-glucopyranosylbenzoate(8),p-hydroxybenzoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(9),4-methoxybenzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(10),protocatechuic acid(11),3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzoic acid(12),adenosine(13),and 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid(14),respectively.Conclusions Among them,compound 2,4-6,8-10 and 14 are obtained from Althaea genus for the first time,3,11 and 13 are isolated from this species firstly,and the NMR data of 5 is reported for the first time.
Automatic Code Generation for SIMD Hardware Accelerators (2010)

Abstract. SIMD hardware accelerators offer an alternative to manycores when energy consumption and performance are critical. For scientific computing, GPGPUs are used in many computers of the top-500. But embedded processors also use accelerators. However such heterogeneous platforms trade ease of developments for performance: The application code and the data must be split between the host and the accelerator, synchronizations and communications between host and accelerator must be added, and accelerator hardware constraints must be taken into account by the programmer. To ease application development, we present an algorithm to automatically externalize the execution of a parallel loop using a synchronous master/slave protocol. The source-to-source transformation process is incrementally consistent and the transformed code can be executed at any step of the transformation algorithm, which make application and compiler debugging easier and possible without the target hardware. This article details the source-to-source parallel loop externalization algorithm and the new elementary program transformations which are used. Unlike previous work based on annotations or polyhedral model, it relies on interprocedural array region analysis, which embraces more situations than the polyhedral model while still not relying on user input. It has been implemented in the PIPS framework and its results are given at each transformation step for an image processing example.
Structure of a DNA Duplex That Contains α-Anomeric Nucleotides and 3‘−3‘ and 5‘−5‘ Phosphodiester Linkages:  Coexistence of Parallel and Antiparallel DNA (1996)

We report a comparative spectroscopic study of a novel self-complementary duplex decamer, d(GCGAAT-3'-3'-(alpha T)-5'-5'-CGC)2, in which an alpha-anomeric nucleotide has been inserted into the sequence in a parallel orientation via 3'-3' and 5'-5' phosphodiester bonds, and its unmodified B-DNA analog, d(GCGAATTCGC)2. Plots of the hyperchromicity and circular dichroism of these oligonucleotides are virtually identical, indicating that the overall base stacking and handedness are preserved in the alpha duplex. Thermodynamic parameters extracted from UV melting experiments show that the alpha duplex is only slightly less stable than the control. A near complete set of 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) assignments were obtained for both duplexes using classical one- and two-dimensional approaches. Several lines of evidence, in particular, imino 1H, 31P, nuclear Overhauser enhancement, and deoxyribose ring proton spin-spin coupling data, convincingly demonstrate that the overall structural integrity of the alpha and control duplexes are quite comparable, with any perturbations in the former localized to the regions of the construct encompassing the alpha-nucleotide and the unique backbone linkages. Specifically, the alpha duplex exhibits normal Watson-Crick type base pairing, it remains antiparallel except at the inverted nucleotide, all bases are in the anti orientation, and the sugar ring puckering is predominantly "S"-type. However, the J-coupling information for the alpha-nucleotide and the neighboring (3') cytidine are notably different, and reflect a decrease in the amplitude of the sugar pucker in alpha T7, and a significant shift in the conformational equilibrium of the furanose ring in C8 toward the "N"-type pucker. The feasibility of synthesizing oligodeoxynucleotides containing a combination of alpha sugars and short parallel stranded segments, their propensity for forming stable duplexes, and the structural insights into such complexes reported here are of potential importance in the area of antisense therapy.
Predicting Materials Properties with Little Data Using Shotgun Transfer Learning (2019)

There is a growing demand for the use of machine learning (ML) to derive fast-to-evaluate surrogate models of materials properties. In recent years, a broad array of materials property databases have emerged as part of a digital transformation of materials science. However, recent technological advances in ML are not fully exploited because of the insufficient volume and diversity of materials data. An ML framework called "transfer learning" has considerable potential to overcome the problem of limited amounts of materials data. Transfer learning relies on the concept that various property types, such as physical, chemical, electronic, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties, are physically interrelated. For a given target property to be predicted from a limited supply of training data, models of related proxy properties are pretrained using sufficient data; these models capture common features relevant to the target task. Repurposing of such machine-acquired features on the target task yields outstanding prediction performance even with exceedingly small data sets, as if highly experienced human experts can make rational inferences even for considerably less experienced tasks. In this study, to facilitate widespread use of transfer learning, we develop a pretrained model library called XenonPy.MDL. In this first release, the library comprises more than 140 000 pretrained models for various properties of small molecules, polymers, and inorganic crystalline materials. Along with these pretrained models, we describe some outstanding successes of transfer learning in different scenarios such as building models with only dozens of materials data, increasing the ability of extrapolative prediction through a strategic model transfer, and so on. Remarkably, transfer learning has autonomously identified rather nontrivial transferability across different properties transcending the different disciplines of materials science; for example, our analysis has revealed underlying bridges between small molecules and polymers and between organic and inorganic chemistry.
Transforming growth factor‐β regulates the splicing pattern of fibronectin messenger RNA precursor (1990)

Fibronectin (FN) polymorphism is caused by alternative splicing patterns in at least three regions (ED-A, ED-B and IIICS) of the primary transcript of a single gene. Using monoclonal antibodies, we previously demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) preferentially increases the accumulation of the FN isoforms containing the ED-A sequence in cultured normal human fibroblasts [Balza et al., (1988) FEBS Lett. 228, 42-44]. To determine the basis of this effect, we have examined through S1 nuclease analysis, the levels of ED-A- and ED-B-containing mRNAs in cultured normal human skin fibroblasts before and after TGF-beta treatment. These experiments have shown that TGF-beta increases the relative amount of m-RNA for ED-A- and ED-B-containing FN isoforms. These data demonstrate that a growth factor may regulate the splicing pattern of a pre-mRNA.
The frequency of major flooding in coastal southeast Australia has significantly increased since the late 19th century (2016)

Millions of Australians live in a 1500 km stretch of coastal catchments in southeast Australia. Major flooding in this region causes death, economic loss and major disruptions to the lives of its inhabitants. Concerns have been raised that anthropogenic climate change might lead, or has already led, to an increased risk of extreme rainfall and associated flooding. Images of flooding commonly appear in the media, fuelling perceptions that flood frequency has already increased. Here we use a new dataset that allows us to estimate reliable trends over much longer periods than has previously been the case. The statistical significance of the trends is assessed using a method that is suitable for the non-Gaussian, serially correlated flood frequency data. We identify a statistically significant, increasing trend in the frequency of major floods since the late 19th century, which contributes to a 50% increase in frequency. While possible reasons for the increase are discussed (e.g. land use change, anthropogenic climate change, natural climate variability), further research is needed to clarify the relative importance of possible contributors.
Reactions of the Bis(β-diketonato)platinum(II) Complexes with Various Nitrogen Bases (1982)

Abstract The bis(β-diketonato)platinum(II) complexes react with various nitrogen bases (L) to afford [Pt(β-dik)L2](β-dik), [Pt(β-dik-O)2L2], [PtL4](β-dik)2, and [Pt(β-dik)(β-dik-C)L] depending on the natures of the β-diketonate anions and L. All of these complexes are stable in solution, showing no sign of isomerization and dissociation of L. The platinum(II) complexes containing the O-unidentate β-diketonate ligand are much more stable than the corresponding palladium(II) complexes and [Pt(acac)(piperidine)2](acac) and [Pt(acac-O)2(piperidine)2] constitute a pair of linkage isomers. The complexes containing the 2,4-pentanedionate anion (acac) in the outer sphere readily undergo the H-D exchange of the methine proton of acac and the NH protons of coordinated amines with CDCl3.