gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric halogenation and hydrohalogenation of trans-2-butenoic acid in a crystalline .alpha.-cyclodextrin complex (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric halogenation and hydrohalogenation of trans-2-butenoic acid in a crystalline .alpha.-cyclodextrin complexYoshio Tanaka, Hidetake Sakuraba, and Hachiro NakanishiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 2, 564–567Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00289a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00289a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views808Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct Tensile Properties and Stress–Strain Model of UHP-ECC (2019)

This research developed an ultra-high-performance engineered cementitious composite (UHP-ECC), which combines the properties of strain-hardening, multiple cracking, and high mechanical strength. The compressive strength of the UHP-ECC reached 150 MPa at 28 days under standard curing conditions, whereas the tensile strength and strain capacity of the UHP-ECC were 18 MPa and 8%, respectively. Different fiber volumetric ratios and geometries (fiber length and diameter) were used to investigate the influences of fiber-reinforcement parameters on the mechanical and crack-pattern properties of UHP-ECC, including the tensile strength, strain capacity, strain energy, crack number, and crack spacing. It was found that the fiber reinforcement parameters significantly influence both the mechanical properties and crack-patterns of UHP-ECC. Based on the test results, a bilinear tensile stress–strain model was proposed for UHP-ECC and its accuracy was demonstrated through comparisons with the test results.
Endoscopic discectomy of L5-S1 disc herniation via an interlaminar approach: Prospective controlled study under local and general anesthesia (2011)

Disc herniation at the L5-S1 level can be adequately treated endoscopically with an interlaminar approach. GA and LA are both effective for this procedure. However, LA is better than GA in our opinion.
LCR-Net: Localization-Classification-Regression for Human Pose (2017)

We propose an end-to-end architecture for joint 2D and 3D human pose estimation in natural images. Key to our approach is the generation and scoring of a number of pose proposals per image, which allows us to predict 2D and 3D pose of multiple people simultaneously. Hence, our approach does not require an approximate localization of the humans for initialization. Our architecture, named LCR-Net, contains 3 main components: 1) the pose proposal generator that suggests potential poses at different locations in the image, 2) a classifier that scores the different pose proposals, and 3) a regressor that refines pose proposals both in 2D and 3D. All three stages share the convolutional feature layers and are trained jointly. The final pose estimation is obtained by integrating over neighboring pose hypotheses, which is shown to improve over a standard non maximum suppression algorithm. Our approach significantly outperforms the state of the art in 3D pose estimation on Human3.6M, a controlled environment. Moreover, it shows promising results on real images for both single and multi-person subsets of the MPII 2D pose benchmark.
Mechanisms of Stress-induced Visceral Pain (2018)

Evidence suggests that long-term stress facilitates visceral pain through sensitization of pain pathways and promotes chronic visceral pain disorders such as the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This review will describe the importance of stress in exacerbating IBS-induced abdominal pain. Additionally, we will briefly review our understanding of the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by both chronic adult stress and following early life stress in the pathogenesis of IBS. The review will focus on the glucocorticoid receptor and corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated mechanisms in the amygdala involved in stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity. One potential mechanism underlying persistent effects of stress on visceral sensitivity could be epigenetic modulation of gene expression. While there are relatively few studies examining epigenetically mediated mechanisms involved in stress-induced visceral nociception, alterations in DNA methylation and histone acetylation patterns within the brain, have been linked to alterations in nociceptive signaling via increased expression of pro-nociceptive neurotransmitters. This review will discuss the latest studies investigating the long-term effects of stress on visceral sensitivity. Additionally, we will critically review the importance of experimental models of adult stress and early life stress in enhancing our understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms of nociceptive processing.
Bond critical points in the electronic structures of the main group diatomic hydrides of lithium through bromine (1987)

Abstract The bond critical points and associated electronic properties of the diatomic hydrides of the twenty‐one main group elements from lithium to bromine have been calculated with large basis sets. As part of a systematic study of the polarity of chemical bonds, the position of the bond critical point, the charge density at the bond critical point, the Laplacian of the charge density at the bond critical point, and the molecular dipole moment of each molecule have been calculated. Particular attention has been paid to the effect of bond length elongation and contraction on the electronic properties. Variation of the bond length reveals that with atoms of low electronegativity, the bond critical point of AH tends to follow atom A, whereas with atoms of high electronegativity, the bond critical point tends to follow the hydrogen atom as the bond lengthens. Furthermore, it is shown that some properties of the diatomic hydrides vary monotonically within each row of the periodic table, while others effect a classification according to the character of the bond.
Measurement of a Comprehensive Sex Steroid Profile in Rodent Serum by High-Sensitive Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2015)

Accurate measurement of sex steroid concentrations in rodent serum is essential to evaluate mouse and rat models for sex steroid-related disorders. The aim of the present study was to develop a sensitive and specific gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method to assess a comprehensive sex steroid profile in rodent serum. A major effort was invested in reaching an exceptionally high sensitivity for measuring serum estradiol concentrations. We established a GC-MS/MS assay with a lower limit of detection for estradiol, estrone, T, DHT, progesterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone of 0.3, 0.5, 4.0, 1.6, 8, 4.0, and 50 pg/mL, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for the lower limit of quantification were 0.5, 0.5, 8, 2.5, 74, 12, and 400 pg/mL, respectively. Calibration curves were linear, intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were low, and accuracy was excellent for all analytes. The established assay was used to accurately measure a comprehensive sex steroid profile in female rats and mice according to estrous cycle phase. In addition, we characterized the impact of age, sex, gonadectomy, and estradiol treatment on serum concentrations of these sex hormones in mice. In conclusion, we have established a highly sensitive and specific GC-MS/MS method to assess a comprehensive sex steroid profile in rodent serum in a single run. This GC-MS/MS assay has, to the best of our knowledge, the best detectability reported for estradiol. Our method therefore represents an ideal tool to characterize sex steroid metabolism in a variety of sex steroid-related rodent models and in human samples with low estradiol levels.
Early outcome and predictors of early outcome in patients treated surgically for central cord syndrome (2015)

Early treatment of patients with CCS remains controversial. Although some long-term neurological recovery is expected in patients with a CCS, surgeons and patients should not expect early neurological improvement with or without early operative intervention.
Risposta differenziale della cellula di microglia ad isolati clinici di Candida albicans con differente genotipo (2006)

Risposta differenziale della cellula di microglia ad isolati clinici di Candida albicans con differente genotipo
A new formula for rapid assessment of pericardial effusion volume by multidetector computed tomography (2012)

Poster: ECR 2012 / C-2003 / A new formula for rapid assessment of pericardial effusion volume by multidetector computed tomography by: F. O. Henes , K. Muellerleile, M. Regier, P. Bannas, G. B. Adam, M. Groth; Hamburg/DE
Design of gesture recognition system for dynamic user interface (2012)

With the escalating role of computers in educational system, human computer interaction, is becoming gradually more important part of it. The general believe is that with the progress in computing speed, communication technologies, and display techniques the existing HCI techniques may become a constraint in the effectual utilization of the existing information flow. The development of user interfaces influences the changes in the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Human hand gestures have been a mode of non verbal interaction widely used. The vocabulary of hand gesture communication has many variations. It ranges from simple action of using our finger to point at and using hands to move objects around for more complex expressions for the feelings and communicating with others. Also the hand gestures play a prominent role in teaching considering the explanations and exemplifications being highly dependent on hand gestures. Naturalistic and intuitiveness of the hand gesture has been an immense motivating aspect for the researchers in the field of Human Computer Interaction to put their efforts to research and develop the more promising means of interaction involving human and computers. The pursuance for the Human Computer Interaction research is moved by the central dogma of removing the complex and cumbersome interaction devices and replacing them with more obvious and expressive means of interaction which easily comes to the users with least cognitive burden like hand gestures. This paper designs a simple, natural system for gestural interaction between the user and computer for providing a dynamic user interface. The gesture recognition system uses image processing techniques for detection, segmentation, tracking and recognition of hand gestures for converting it to a meaningful command. This hand gesture recognition system has been proposed, designed and developed with the intensions to make it a substitute for mouse while making dynamic user interface between human and machine. Hence instead of making effort to develop a new vocabulary of hand gesture we have matched control instruction set of mouse to subset of most discriminating hand gestures, so that we get a robust interface. The interface being proposed here can be substantially applied towards different applications like image browser, games etc.
Ex Situ Photoelectron Emission Microscopy of Polycrystalline Bismuth and Antimony Telluride Surfaces Exposed to Ambient Oxidation (2021)

The surfaces of textured polycrystalline N-type bismuth telluride and P-type antimony telluride materials were investigated using ex situ photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM). PEEM enabled imaging of the work function for different oxidation times due to exposure to air across sample surfaces. The spatially averaged work function was also tracked as a function of air exposure time. N-type bismuth telluride showed an increase in the work function around grain boundaries relative to grain interiors during the early stages of air exposure-driven oxidation. At longer time exposure to air, the surface became homogenous after a ∼5 nm-thick oxide formed. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy was used to correlate changes in PEEM imaging in real space and work function evolution to the progressive growth of an oxide layer. The observed work function contrast is consistent with the pinning of electronic surface states due to the defects at a grain boundary.
On differential phase contrast with an extended illumination source (1976)

Images of periodic phase objects are calculated for oblique illumination, the scanning method of Dekkers and de Lang, and differential interference contrast. The close relation between the scanning method and oblique illumination is shown. All the methods are capable of resolving grating periods larger than λ/2a, where a is the numerical aperture of both the objective and the condenser lenses. Differential interference gives higher contrast for object periods below λ/a; contrast is slightly higher above λ/a with oblique illumination.
SAFEGUARD: Progress and test results for a reliable independent on-board safety net for UAS (2017)

As demands increase to use unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) for a broad spectrum of commercial applications, regulatory authorities are examining how to safely integrate them without compromising safety or disrupting traditional airspace operations. For small UAS, several operational rules have been established; e.g., do not operate beyond visual line-of-sight, do not fly within live miles of a commercial airport, do not fly above 400 ft above ground level. Enforcing these rules is challenging for UAS, as evidenced by the number of incident reports received by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). This paper reviews the development of an onboard system - Safeguard - designed to monitor and enforce conformance to a set of operational rules defined prior to flight (e.g., geospatial stay-out or stay-in regions, speed limits, and altitude constraints). Unlike typical geofencing or geo-limitation functions, Safeguard operates independently of the off-the-shelf UAS autopilot and is designed in a way that can be realized by a small set of verifiable functions to simplify compliance with existing standards for safety-critical systems (e.g. for spacecraft and manned commercial transportation aircraft systems). A framework is described that decouples the system from any other devices on the UAS as well as introduces complementary positioning source(s) for applications that require integrity and availability beyond what can be provided by the Global Positioning System (GPS). This paper summarizes the progress and test results for Safeguard research and development since presentation of the design concept at the 35th DASC (2016). Significant accomplishments include completion of software verification and validation in accordance with NASA standards for spacecraft systems (to Class B), development of improved hardware prototypes, development of a simulation platform that allows for hardware-in-the-loop testing and fast-time Monte Carlo evaluations, and flight testing on multiple air vehicles. Integration testing with NASA's UAS Traffic Management (UTM) service-oriented architecture was also demonstrated.
Toward a More Cognitive Definition of Reading Comprehension. (1980)

Perhaps the most pervasive and unsettling problem confronting the community of reading educators, researchers, and theorists is the lack of a commonly held view of the precise nature of reading comprehension. "Comprehension" has developed denotative and connotative characteristics which befuddle even the most serious students of language and language processes. This paper proposes, as a partial solution to this vexing situation, a straightforward theoretical construct as a lexical equivalent of the technical term. The focus here is upon relating reading comprehension to a variety of research and theoretical paradigms which lend themselves to divergent interpretations, but which have a common conceptual base.
Label-Free Aptasensors for the Detection of Mycotoxins (2016)

Various methodologies have been reported in the literature for the qualitative and quantitative monitoring of mycotoxins in food and feed samples. Based on their enhanced specificity, selectivity and versatility, bio-affinity assays have inspired many researchers to develop sensors by exploring bio-recognition phenomena. However, a significant problem in the fabrication of these devices is that most of the biomolecules do not generate an easily measurable signal upon binding to the target analytes, and signal-generating labels are required to perform the measurements. In this context, aptamers have been emerged as a potential and attractive bio-recognition element to design label-free aptasensors for various target analytes. Contrary to other bioreceptor-based approaches, the aptamer-based assays rely on antigen binding-induced conformational changes or oligomerization states rather than binding-assisted changes in adsorbed mass or charge. This review will focus on current designs in label-free conformational switchable design strategies, with a particular focus on applications in the detection of mycotoxins.
Thiation of Nucleosides. IV. The Synthesis of 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine and Related Compounds1,2 (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiation of Nucleosides. IV. The Synthesis of 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine and Related Compounds1,2Iris Wempen, Robert Duschinsky, Louis Kaplan, and Jack J. FoxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 23, 4755–4766Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01484a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views290Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
N-acetylneuraminic acid links immune exhaustion and accelerated memory deficit in diet-induced obese Alzheimer’s disease mouse model (2023)

Systemic immunity supports lifelong brain function. Obesity posits a chronic burden on systemic immunity. Independently, obesity was shown as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we show that high-fat obesogenic diet accelerated recognition-memory impairment in an AD mouse model (5xFAD). In obese 5xFAD mice, hippocampal cells displayed only minor diet-related transcriptional changes, whereas the splenic immune landscape exhibited aging-like CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell deregulation. Following plasma metabolite profiling, we identified free N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), the predominant sialic acid, as the metabolite linking recognition-memory impairment to increased splenic immune-suppressive cells in mice. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing revealed mouse visceral adipose macrophages as a potential source of NANA. In vitro, NANA reduced CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell proliferation, tested in both mouse and human. In vivo, NANA administration to standard diet-fed mice recapitulated high-fat diet effects on CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and accelerated recognition-memory impairment in 5xFAD mice. We suggest that obesity accelerates disease manifestation in a mouse model of AD via systemic immune exhaustion.
Automated System Tests Ferroelectric Capacitors (1994)

Polarization-switching parameters measured under computer control. Ferroelectric-capacitor-testing system applies voltage pulses and measures responses of ferroelectric capacitor to determine write; time dependence of polarization, polarization-retention and fatigue characteristics of capacitor. Highly integrated setup quite flexible, versatile, and interactive, and allows convenient computer storage and analysis of data.
All-cause mortality and disease progression in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with or without antibiotic therapy: an analysis of the LEOSS cohort (2021)

In this cohort, antibiotics in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients were not associated with positive effects on all-cause mortality or disease progression. Additional studies are needed. Advice of local antibiotic stewardship- (ABS-) teams and local educational campaigns should be sought to improve rational antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients.
Study of High-Temperature Corrosion Characteristics Fe-2.25Cr-1.6W Steel for Eco-friendly Power Plants (2021)

To evaluate the corrosion mechanism of Fe-2.25Cr-1.6W(wt.%) steels were corroded between 600 and 800 ℃ for up to 200 h in Na2SO4. Corrosion rates increased progressively as the corrosion time increased. The formed outer scale grew into the air by the salt during corrosion, which facilitated outward diffusion of Fe2+ ions. The inner mixed layer grew by the inward diffusion of oxygen ions. The Fe-2.25Cr-1.6W(wt.%) steel corroded little fast, forming thick scales that consisted primarily of an outer and middle Fe-O layer and an inner (Fe, Cr, O)-mixed layer. At the interface of the outer and inner scales, voids developed and cracking occurred. Fe-2.25Cr-1.6W(wt.%) steel had a small amount of Cr, which cannot decreased the scaling rate and the adhesion of scale.
Randomised clinical trial: faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridum difficile infection – fresh, or frozen, or lyophilised microbiota from a small pool of healthy donors delivered by colonoscopy (2017)

Comparative efficacy in faecal microbiota transplantation was observed in subjects receiving fresh or frozen faecal product from the same donors. The lyophilised product had a slightly lowered efficacy compared with fresh product, but it resembled other treatments in microbial restoration 1 month after faecal microbiota transplantation.