gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Memory CD4+ T cells enhance B‐cell responses to drifting influenza immunization (2018)

Influenza A annually infects 5-10% of the world's human population resulting in one million deaths. Influenza causes annual epidemics and reinfects previously exposed individuals because of antigenic drift in the glycoprotein hemagglutinin. Due to antigenic drift, the immune system is simultaneously exposed to novel and conserved parts of the influenza virus via vaccination and/or infection throughout life. Preexisting immunity has long been known to augment subsequent hemagglutination inhibitory antibody (hAb) responses. However, the preexisting immunological contributors that influence hAb responses are not understood. Therefore, we adapted and developed sequential infection and immunization mouse models using drifted influenza strains to show that MHC Class II haplotype and T-cell reactivity influences subsequent hAb responses. We found that CB6F1 mice infected with A/CA followed by immunization with A/PR8 have increased hAb responses to A/PR8 compared to C57BL/6 mice. Increased hAb responses in CB6F1 mice were CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell and B-cell dependent and corresponded to increased germinal center A/PR8-specific B and T-follicular helper cells. These results suggest conserved MHC Class II restricted epitopes within HA are essential for B cells to respond to drifting influenza and could be leveraged to boost hAb responses.
Mesoscopic photonic crystals based stable planar cavities (2014)

International audience
Acoustic vibrations of silver nanoparticles (2000)

By time-resolved pump-and-probe experiments we investigate the oscillation of silver nanoparticles. With the help of model calculations, the spectral dependence of our measurements indicates that both electrons and lattice contributions induce this oscillation.
Microbubble spectroscopy of ultrasound contrast agents (2007)

A new optical characterization of the behavior of single ultrasound contrast bubbles is presented. The method consists of insonifying individual bubbles several times successively sweeping the applied frequency, and to record movies of the bubble response up to 25 million frames/s with an ultrahigh speed camera operated in a segmented mode. The method, termed microbubble spectroscopy, enables to reconstruct a resonance curve in a single run. The data is analyzed through a linearized model for coated bubbles. The results confirm the significant influence of the shell on the bubble dynamics: shell elasticity increases the resonance frequency by about 50%, and shell viscosity is responsible for about 70% of the total damping. The obtained value for shell elasticity is in quantative agreement with previously reported values. The shell viscosity increases significantly with the radius, revealing a new nonlinear behavior of the phospholipid coating.
On Water: An Efficient Knoevenagel Condensation using 12‐Tungstophosphoric Acid as a Reusable Green Catalyst (2006)

12‐Tungstphosphoric acid is found to be an efficient, environmentally attractive, and reusable catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation of malononitrile and ethylcyanoacetate with various aldehydes.
Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Bicyclo[m.n.1]alkanones via a Cationic Reaction Cascade (2005)

[reaction: see text] The acid-mediated Prins/pinacol and the triple domino reactions Diels-Alder/Prins/pinacol were used to construct highly functionalized bicyclo[m.n.1]alkanones 19-29 and 33a-c possessing various ring sizes from ketals 8-18 and 31a-c in 44-96% yields. This approach proves to be highly efficient and reliable to generate high molecular complexity in a single step.
Monocular depth perception from optical flow by space time signal processing (1983)

Abstract A theory of monocular depth determination is presented. The effect of finite temporal resolution is incorporated by generalizing the Marr-Hildreth edge detected operator —∇2G(r) where ∇2 is the Laplacian and G(r) is a two dimensional Gaussian. The constraint that the edge detection operator in space-time should produce zero-crossings at the same place in different channels, i. e. at different resolutions of the Gaussian, led to the conclusion that the Marr-Hildreth operator should be replaced by -□2G(r, t) where □2 is the d’Alembertian ∇2 -(1/u2) (∂2/∂t2) and G(r, t) is a Gaussian in space-time. To ensure that the locations of the zerocrossings are independent o the channel width, G(r, t) has to be isotropic in the sense that the velocity u appearing in the defintion of the d’Alembertian must also be used to relate the scales of length and time in G. However, the new operatior -□2G(r, t) produces two types of zero-crossing for each isolated edge feature in the image I(r, t). One of these, termed the 'static edge’, corresponds to the position of the image edge at time t as defined by ∇2I(r, t) = 0; the other, called a ‘depth zero’, depends only on the relative motion of the observer and object and is usually found only in the periphery of the field of view. When an edge feature is itself in the periphery of the visual field and these zeros coincide, there is an additional cross-over effect. It is shown how these zero-crossings may be used to infer the depth of an object when the observer and object are in relative motion. If an edge feature is near the centre of the image (i. e. near the focus of expansion), the spatial and temporal slopes of the zeros crossing at the static edge may be used to infer the depth, but, if the edge feature is in the periphery of the image, the cross-over effect enables the depth to be obtained immediately. While the former utilizes sharp spatial and temporal resolution to give detailed three-dimensional information, the cross-over effect relies on longer integration times to give a direct measure of the time-to-contact. We propose that both mechanisms could be used to extract depth information in computer vision systems and speculate on how our theory could be used to model depth perception in early visual processing in humans where there is evidence of both monocular perception of the environment in depth and of looming detection in the periphery of the field of view. In addition it is shown how a number of previous models are included in our theory, in particular the directional sensor proposed by Marr &amp; Ullman and a method of depth determination proposed by Prazdny.
The System Design and Evaluation of a 7-DOF Image-Guided Venipuncture Robot (2015)

Accessing the venous bloodstream to deliver fluids or obtain a blood sample is the most common clinical routine practiced in the U.S. Practitioners continue to rely on manual venipuncture techniques, but success rates are heavily dependent on clinician skill and patient physiology. In the U.S., failure rates can be as high as 50% in difficult patients, making venipuncture the leading cause of medical injury. To improve the rate of first-stick success, we have developed a portable autonomous venipuncture device that robotically servos a needle into a suitable vein under image guidance. The device operates in real time, combining near-infrared and ultra-sound imaging, image analysis, and a 7-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic system to perform the venipuncture. The robot consists of a 3-DOF gantry to image the patient's peripheral forearm veins and a miniaturized 4-DOF serial arm to guide the cannula into the selected vein under closed-loop control. In this paper, we present the system architecture of the robot and evaluate the accuracy and precision through tracking, free-space positioning, and <i>in vitro</i> phantom cannulation experiments. The results demonstrate sub-millimeter accuracy throughout the operating workspace of the manipulator and a high rate of success when cannulating phantom veins in a skin-mimicking tissue model.
Non-specific adherence of oxide particles as a means of quantifying protein adsorption on surfaces (1996)

This paper reports quantification of a method for measuring amounts of protein adsorbed to a surface; the method is especially useful for revealing macroscopic spatial patterns of adsorption. The experiments tested the effectiveness of iron oxide suspensions adsorbed onto the adsorbed protein to indicate, in separate trials, the amount of either human plasma fibrinogen or human serum albumin (HSA) present on glass slides. Corresponding trials, using radioactively labeled proteins, were performed to calibrate the amount of either albumin or fibrinogen adsorbed onto similar slides out of solutions of varying bulk concentrations. The oxide deposits were quantified using a scanner and an image analysis program. The isotherms produced from the collected data indicate a continuous, monotonic correlation between light absorbed by adherent oxide and surface concentration of protein. The same correlation applies to albumin and fibrinogen when surface concentrations are expressed in weight units. These results confirm that patterns of oxide deposition correspond to patterns of protein deposition and show clearly how qualitative observations, such as those previously reported, can be made quantitative with scanning and digital image analysis.
Band dispersion and empty electronic states in solidC60: Inverse photoemission and theory (1991)

Inverse-photoemission studies of the empty electronic states of solid ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ show ten features within 15 eV of the lowest empty state. Pseudopotential calculations identify the character of the empty states. Band calculations for fcc ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ demonstrate that dispersion of some of the states, due to intermolecular interaction, reproduces experimental results. Intensity variations of experimental features with incident electron energy reflect their \ensuremath{\pi} and \ensuremath{\sigma} character as well as their symmetries. Resonant coupling is observed between the inverse-photoemission decay channel involving the third feature and the radiative decay of a plasmon.
POSITIVE AND NETATIVE ASPECTS OF DENITRIFICATION IN (1988)

Although denitrification by Rhizobium is well documented, the implications of the porcess for both free-living cells and the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis is still unclear. Several findings suggest possible positive implications, while others highlight possible detrimental effects of this pathway on nitrogen fixation as well as on the environment. The present paper is an attempt to emphasise that in order to fully benefit from rhizobial activities in agricultural ecosystems, it is necessary to understand the denitrification process in detail.
Emission and excitation characteristics and internal quantum efficiencies of vacuum-ultraviolet excitedPr3+-doped fluoride compounds (2005)

We report on the spectroscopic investigation of ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$-doped binary, ternary, and quaternary fluoride compounds exhibiting photon cascade emission. Under vacuum-ultraviolet synchrotron excitation at wavelengths below 200 nm in the $4f5d$ bands of the ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ ion the emission spectra show intraconfigurational $4f\text{\ensuremath{-}}4f$ transitions originating from the $^{1}S_{0}$ and $^{3}P_{0}$ multiplets. In the ternary and quaternary compounds investigated, i.e., Ca-, Sr-, Ba-, and Rb-fluorides, broadband emission due to transitions from the $4f5d$ level of ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ are also observed. The different types of emission transitions observed in the compounds investigated were analyzed in detail. The internal quantum efficiency for the visible spectral range (390 nm--750 nm), ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\mathrm{vis}}$, is determined with the help of the Judd-Ofelt theory and the branching ratios of the $^{1}S_{0}$ emission transitions. The dependence of this quantum efficiency ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\mathrm{vis}}$ from the ionic radius of the second cation $({R}_{2\mathrm{nd}})$, the effective ligand distance, and the coordination number is investigated.
Moisture Sensitivity of Cotton Pollen (2002)

Production of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) hybrids is commonly preceded by removing anthers from recipient flowers or interrupting the functioning of the anthers before dehiscence. This study describes the development of an emasculation protocol that did not require removal of the anthers, did not result in female sterility, and maintained fruit retention. Cotton flowers were saturated with water at different times throughout the day. Water sprayed into the flower after the pollen dehisced resulted in the osmotic disruption of the pollen grains and prevented self‐pollination of the cotton flowers. Morphological analysis of isolated pollen grains before and after water treatment showed the exudation of pollen cytoplasm into the surrounding water medium within seconds of the water treatment. The water treatment resulted in the loss of fruiting bodies. Hand pollination of water‐emasculated flowers produced seed numbers equivalent to self‐pollinated controls. To quantify the level of self‐pollination following water emasculation, ‘Gregg 65’ cotton (glandless, recessive trait) was water‐emasculated, the stigma allowed to dry, and the flower pollinated with pollen from ‘Paymaster HS‐26’ cotton (glanded, dominant trait). Evaluation of 66 flowers revealed that 100% of the seedlings obtained from these crosses had the glanded phenotype, thereby showing that no self‐pollination had occurred. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the use of water as an effective emasculation tool for hybrid cotton production that does not result in female sterility and maintains fruit retention and seed set following subsequent pollination with pollen from another flower.
A Hierarchical Model for Regional Analysis of Population Change Using Christmas Bird Count Data, with Application to the American Black Duck (2006)

Abstract Analysis of Christmas Bird Count (CBC) data is complicated by the need to account for variation in effort on counts and to provide summaries over large geographic regions. We describe a hierarchical model for analysis of population change using CBC data that addresses these needs. The effect of effort is modeled parametrically, with parameter values varying among strata as identically distributed random effects. Year and site effects are modeled hierarchically, accommodating large regional variation in number of samples and precision of estimates. The resulting model is complex, but a Bayesian analysis can be conducted using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. We analyze CBC data for American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes), a species of considerable management interest that has historically been monitored using winter surveys. Over the interval 1966–2003, Black Duck populations showed distinct regional patterns of population change. The patterns shown by CBC data are similar to those shown by the Midwinter Waterfowl Inventory for the United States.
Bacteremia associated with Haemophilus influenzae type e biotype 4 (1978)

Haemophilus influenzae type e biotype 4 was isolated from a single antemortem blood culture obtained from a 60-year-old, white male with abdominal carcinomatosis.
Inmunoterapia y terapia génica como nuevos tratamientos contra el cáncer (2017)

The immune system interacts closely with tumors during the disease development and progression to metastasis. The complex communication between the immune system and the tumor cells can prevent or promote tumor growth. New therapeutic approaches harnessing protective immunological mechanisms have recently shown very promising results. This is performed by blocking inhibitory signals or by activating immunological effector cells directly. Immune checkpoint blockade with monoclonal antibodies directed against the inhibitory immune receptors CTLA-4 and PD-1 has emerged as a successful treatment approach for patients with advanced melanoma. Ipilimumab is an anti-CTLA-4 antibody which demonstrated good results when administered to patients with melanoma. Gene therapy has also shown promising results in clinical trials. Particularly, <i>Herpes simplex</i> virus (HSV)-mediated delivery of the HSV thymidine kinase (TK) gene to tumor cells in combination with ganciclovir (GCV) may provide an effective suicide gene therapy for destruction of glioblastomas, prostate tumors and other neoplasias by recruiting tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes into the tumor. The development of new treatment strategies or combination of available innovative therapies to improve cell cytotoxic T lymphocytes trafficking into the tumor mass and the production of inhibitory molecules blocking tumor tissue immune-tolerance are crucial to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy.
Device Simulation of a Thin-Film Silicon on Insulator Power Metal-Oxide- Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor for Structure Optimization (1994)

This paper proposes an optimised device structure based on the results of numerically simulating thin-film silicon on insulator (SOI) power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) in the 50-V class. The dependence of the breakdown voltage and specific on-resistance on the doping concentration of the drain offset region, on the thickness of the superficiai silicon layer, on the thickness of the buried oxide layer, and on the drain offset length are compared for buried channel MOSFETs and surface channel MOSFETs.
Plasmid-Associated Enterotoxin Production in a Strain of Escherichia coli Isolated from Humans (1972)

A strain of Escherichia coli isolated from an epidemic of "nonspecific" diarrhea has been shown to harbor a plasmid which specifies enterotoxin production.
Fuzzy system reliability computation of the convoy of unmanned intelligent vehicles (2008)

Unmanned intelligent ground vehicles play significant role in wide range of applications. They are of great significance in military applications as well as other commercial applications. In order to assure the performance of unmanned intelligent vehicles, it is important to predict the reliability of the system. Reliability can be calculated using different approaches as seen in the literature, but we propose a Graph theoretic approach supported by Fuzzy and Neuro-Fuzzy approaches for predicting the node and branch reliability of the system. We portray the convoy of unmanned vehicles as a communication network where the nodes represent the station of the convoy of unmanned intelligent vehicles and the branches would represent the path between two stations. The node and branch reliability is calculated using the Fuzzy and Neuro Fuzzy approaches. The terminal and system reliability would be calculated using Boolean algebra. Thus the overall system reliability of a convoy of vehicles is the result of Fuzzy, Neuro-Fuzzy and Boolean approaches. A spanning tree based algorithm is proposed for computation of the system reliability of a convoy of vehicles. We also propose to simulate the overall system reliability with some existing data of factors that contribute in computation of node and branch reliability.
ChemInform Abstract: Indirect Electrochemical Reduction of meso‐ and d,l‐1,2‐Dichloro‐1,2‐diphenylethane. (1987)

Abstract The reaction between a number of anion radicals and d,l‐ and meso compounds (I) is shown to be a purely catalytic reduction, and the rates of the electron transfer are measured by cyclic voltammetry and double potential step chronoamperometry.
Genesis and prevention of spinal neural tube defects in the curly tail mutant mouse: involvement of retinoic acid and its nuclear receptors RAR-β and RAR-γ (1995)

A role for all-trans-retinoic acid in spinal neurulation is suggested by: (1) the reciprocal domains of expression of the retinoic acid receptors RAR-beta and RAR-gamma in the region of the closed neural tube and open posterior neuropore, respectively, and (2) the preventive effect of maternally administered retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) on spinal neural tube defects in curly tail (ct/ct) mice. Using in situ hybridisation and computerised image analysis we show here that in ct/ct embryos, RAR-beta transcripts are deficient in the hindgut endoderm, a tissue whose proliferation rate is abnormal in the ct mutant, and RAR-gamma transcripts are deficient in the tail bud and posterior neuropore region. The degree of deficiency of RAR-gamma transcripts is correlated with the severity of delay of posterior neuropore closure. As early as 2 hours following RA treatment at 10 days 8 hours post coitum, i.e. well before any morphogenetic effects are detectable, RAR-beta expression is specifically upregulated in the hindgut endoderm, and the abnormal expression pattern of RAR-gamma is also altered. These results suggest that the spinal neural tube defects which characterise the curly tail phenotype may be due to interaction between the ct gene product and one or more aspects of the retinoic acid signalling pathway.
Effect of the labeling group in structural analyses of malononitrile-labeled oligosaccharides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (1999)

Structural analyses of oligosaccharide-malononitrile derivatives were conducted by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization post-source decay (MALDI-PSD) analysis in positive ion mode, and by electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation (ESI-CID) analysis in negative ion mode. The malononitrile derivatives of oligosaccharides, which were developed for separation and detection of multi-component oligosaccharides by negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), were detected by positive ion MALDI with a detection limit at a 400 fmol level even without any purification procedure for the derivatized oligosaccharide mixture. The results of structural analyses of oligosaccharide-malononitrile derivatives by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) were affected drastically by the choice of matrix used, and gave much more structural information than the free oligosaccharide. The effects of the malononitrile labeling group on the structural analyses of oligosaccharide-malononitrile derivatives by positive-ion MALDI-PSD analysis in reflectron mode, and by MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) in linear mode, are compared with those of in-source ESI-CID analysis in negative ion mode. The malononitrile derivatization method could be a powerful tool for structural analyses of oligosaccharides. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antenna-in-Package Technology for Modern Radio Systems (2006)

Antenna-in-Package (AiP) technology offers an elegant antenna solution to modern radio systems such as single-chip radios. AiP combines an antenna or antennas with a single-chip radio die into a standard surface mounted device so that the assembly cost and board area of a discrete antenna (e.g. a chip antenna) can be saved. More importantly, AiP provides a platform to codesign the antenna, package, and chip so that the single-chip radio performance can be maximized. In this paper, a mini review of AiP development is first presented. Then the design of a novel antenna in the format of a cavitydown ball grid array package in low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) process for 5.7-GHz single-chip radios is described. Finally, AiP designs are mentioned for modern ultrawide-band (UWB) and millimeter-wave radios.
Layered Depth-Normal Images: a Sparse Implicit Representation of Solid Models (2010)

This paper presents a novel implicit representation of solid models. With this representation, every solid model can be effectively presented by three layered depth-normal images (LDNIs) that are perpendicular to three orthogonal axes respectively. The layered depth-normal images for a solid model, whose boundary is presented by a polygonal mesh, can be generated efficiently with help of the graphics hardware accelerated sampling. Based on this implicit representation - LDNIs, solid modeling operations including the Boolean operations and the offsetting operation have been developed. A contouring algorithm is also introduced in this paper to generate thin structure and sharp feature preserved mesh surfaces from the layered depth-normal images. Comparisons between LDNIs and other implicit representation of solid models are given at the end of the paper to demonstrate the advantages of LDNIs.