gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: efficient, selective, and interactive signals during intercellular induction of apoptosis. (2001)

During intercellular induction of apoptosis, transformed fibroblasts are specifically eliminated by their nontransformed neighbours. This potential control step of oncogenesis is based on a sophisticated system of interdependencies and interactions of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Activated nontransformed effector cells release a novel peroxidase and nitric oxide. Superoxide anions generated extracellularly by transformed cells participate in intercellular signalling and also determine transformed cells as selective targets for intercellular induction of apoptosis. The interaction of these molecules results in two major signalling pathways, which are based on HOCl/hydroxyl radicals and on NO/peroxynitrite. In addition, involvement of nitrylchloride seems to be conceivable in an alternative pathway. Hydrogenperoxide plays a central and ambivalent role by fostering the HOCl/hydroxyl radical pathway and by inhibiting the NO/peroxynitrite pathway. The interaction of ROS and RNS during intercellular induction of apoptosis seems to represent a general signalling concept utilized by several natural antitumor systems.
Observations on a Recent Increase in Plagiocephaly Without Synostosis (1996)

Referrals to our center for PWS increased markedly in 1992 relative to previous years. The temporal coincidence of this increase with the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation to avoid the prone sleeping position, to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, suggests a possible causal relationship. If this association is causal, education regarding the need for head position rotation coupled with that for sudden infant death syndrome should obviate positional PWS.
Atomic Layer Epitaxy of ZnS by Low-Pressure Horizontal Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1996)

The self-limiting growth in atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) of ZnS on (100)-GaAs substrate was investigated using a horizontal low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system. The growth rate per cycle was kept constant at one monolayer, independent of the substrate temperature which was in the range of 125° C to 200° C. Under optimal growth conditions, ZnS layers grown in the ALE mode showed good surface morphology. Photoluminescence (PL) showed three peaks; a near-band-edge emission at 349 nm, a self-activated emission at 434 nm and a broad one at around 500 and 600 nm, which is considered to be due to relaxation through dislocation formation.
The Perils of Paper (1984)

Early papermaking activities are described. This is followed by a discussion of how the use of woodpulp papers in the manufacture of books is creating a serious problem for libraries because of the highly acidic content of the papers. Steps being taken by the Library of Congress and other organizations to bring about the use of permanent, durable papers are mentioned, and LC's deacidfication program is outlined. Finally, attention is given to LC's Teknekron pilot project in the use of optical digital disks in the storage of information.
A novel high-efficiency linear transmitter using injection-locked pulsed oscillator (2005)

This letter presents a novel high-efficiency linear transmitter using pulse-width modulation (PWM). An envelope of radio frequency (RF) input signal is modulated by the PWM. The modulated signal is applied to the gate bias of a class F injection-locked power oscillator and switches it on and off. By filtering the pulsed oscillating output signal of the injection-locked oscillator using high-Q bandpass filter, the input signal is restored. This technique enables the transmitter to have high efficiency with good linearity. Also, there is little distortion near saturation point of an active device. The measured results show efficiency of 54.6% and very good linearity in PCS band at 26.4-dBm output power.
Stable carbocations. 288. Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopic study of para-substituent effects in highly crowded .alpha.,.alpha.-di-1-adamantylbenzyl cations (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStable carbocations. 288. Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopic study of para-substituent effects in highly crowded .alpha.,.alpha.-di-1-adamantylbenzyl cationsGeorge A. Olah, Michael D. Heagy, and G. K. Surya PrakashCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 18, 4851–4854Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00070a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00070a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Seamless integration of layout and simulation (2001)

This document talks about the usage of Simulation Data Exchange (SDX) (Moorthy 1999) in order to enable a consistent digital model of automotive factories. The scope of the digital model is to plan and analyze the factory by using different software packages. Thus the model doesn't exist in only one application. Therefore the consistency in terms of geometry and process data needs to be guaranteed with external support. Whereas any redundant information storage and rework of existing data has to be avoided. SDX is a promising approach to accomplish this interface management.
Functional Specification of the RAVENS Neuroprocessor (2023)

RAVENS is a neuroprocessor that has been developed by the TENNLab research group at the University of Tennessee. Its main focus has been as a vehicle for chip design with memristive elements; however it has also been the vehicle for all-digital CMOS development, plus it has implementations on FPGA's, microcontrollers and software simulation. The software simulation is supported by the TENNLab neuromorphic software framework so that researchers may develop RAVENS solutions for a variety of neuromorphic computing applications. This document provides a functional specification of RAVENS that should apply to all implementations of the RAVENS neuroprocessor.
Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty in Thick Corneas (2022)

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) in corneas > 820 microns in thickness. Methods: This retrospective study included 30 eyes of 30 patients who underwent DSAEK. Endothelial cell destiny (ECD) and corneal thickness were recorded before surgery and at 1 and 12 months postoperatively. Patients were divided into two groups (≤ 820 microns and > 820 microns) based on median preoperative corneal thickness. Linear regression analyses were used to investigate the correlations between ECD and preoperative corneal thickness. Results: Recipient corneal thickness (RCT) and postoperative central cornea thickness had a statistically significant difference 1 month after surgery (p = 0.03, p = 0.08, respectively). BCVA and ECD did not have a statistical difference in the two groups at 1 month and 12 months after DSAEK. Conclusions: BCVA, ECD and corneal thickness were similar at 12 months after DSAEK in thick corneas. DSAEK is a viable surgical option in thick corneas.
Labor-Associated Gene Expression in the Human Uterine Fundus, Lower Segment, and Cervix (2006)

Our results provide support for many of the established processes of parturition and also describe novel-to-labor genes not previously associated with this process. The elucidation of these mechanisms likely to be fundamental for controlling labor is an important prerequisite to the development of effective treatments for major obstetric problems--including prematurity, with its long-term consequences to the health of mother and offspring.
Towards a Visual Privacy Advisor: Understanding and Predicting Privacy\n Risks in Images (2017)

With an increasing number of users sharing information online, privacy\nimplications entailing such actions are a major concern. For explicit content,\nsuch as user profile or GPS data, devices (e.g. mobile phones) as well as web\nservices (e.g. Facebook) offer to set privacy settings in order to enforce the\nusers' privacy preferences. We propose the first approach that extends this\nconcept to image content in the spirit of a Visual Privacy Advisor. First, we\ncategorize personal information in images into 68 image attributes and collect\na dataset, which allows us to train models that predict such information\ndirectly from images. Second, we run a user study to understand the privacy\npreferences of different users w.r.t. such attributes. Third, we propose models\nthat predict user specific privacy score from images in order to enforce the\nusers' privacy preferences. Our model is trained to predict the user specific\nprivacy risk and even outperforms the judgment of the users, who often fail to\nfollow their own privacy preferences on image data.\n
Inverse effects of 20K and 22K human growth hormones on the growth of T‐47D human breast cancer cells in culture and in nude mice (1998)

The major form of human growth hormone (22K hGH) stimulates the growth of T-47D human breast cancer cells in culture and in nude mice by binding to their receptors for growth hormone and prolactin. Another isoform of hGH having a smaller molecular mass (20K hGH) is known to show different binding affinities to these receptors. In this study, we have analyzed the effects of 20K hGH on the growth of T-47D cells in vitro and in vivo. 20K hGH (50 ng/ml) inhibited the proliferation and DNA synthesis of T-47D cells cultured in the presence and absence of 17 beta-estradiol (100 ng/ml), while 22K hGH (50 ng/ml) promoted the cellular growth. In estradiol-treated nude mice, 22K hGH (100 micrograms) remarkably promoted the growth of T-47D tumor, but 20K hGH again suppressed the tumor growth significantly. The results suggest the presence of different signal pathways for these two hGH isoforms and imply a possible clinical application for 20K hGH.
Gigabit per second switching of smart pixel receiver-transmitter pairs (1995)

Smart pixels are opto-electronic circuits with optical input/output and electronic logic circuits for complex functionality [1]. Arrays of smart pixels can control two dimensional arrays of light beams in high speed, high throughput free space photonic switching systems [2]. An example are the 4x4 arrays of 2x1 embedded control routing nodes, based on GaAs/AlGaAs field-effect-transistor self-electrooptic-effect device (FET-SEED) technology [3], recently used in a five stage switching system [4]. Although this system was operated at 155Mbit/s only, the speeds of smart pixels can be made much higher. One way to achieve increased speeds is by addition of gain stages and the use of larger FETs. However, this makes the receivers and transmitters larger and more dissipative. Another way to increase the switching speed is to use short pulses as optical inputs, which, according to theory [5], considerably reduces the switching time of the receivers. Simple receivers have, indeed, been demonstrated to operate up to 1Gbit/s [6], but receiver-transmitter pairs could only operate up to 650Mbit/s [7]. The speed of the pair was limited by the performance of the transmitter used, which consisted of a FET inverter driving the common node of two modulators connected in series. One can make a faster transmitter by eliminating the load FET and one of the modulators, thus reducing the capacitance and increasing the effective charging current of the modulator. With such a transmitter, and the use of mode-locked pulses in the AROEBICS (Asynchronous Reset On Every Bit for Input Contentionless Switching) method [8], 200ps switching times were recently obtained [9,10]. This result indicated that smart pixels containing this transmitter should be capable of operating in the GHz range. In the present work we use trains of mode-locked laser pulses separated by 1ns to demonstrate the 1GHz operation of a receiver-transmitter pair.
Multi-target tracking in a two-tier hierarchical architecture (2008)

In this paper, a two-tier hierarchical architecture is proposed to address the multi-target tracking problem using a particle probability hypothesis density filtering algorithm. According to a proposed cluster scheduling method, the base station selects active clusters at each time step and determines their order for the sequential data fusion in the second level of hierarchy. Within each active cluster, sensors transmit their measurement-sets to the cluster head, which processes the information locally and estimates the number of targets and their states. The proposed architecture works well even when the target dynamics and/or measurement process is severely nonlinear. The performance of this architecture is demonstrated in the application of bearing and signal strength tracking.
Blue Dye for Identification of Sentinel Nodes in Breast Cancer And Malignant Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2016)

The combined technique (radioisotope and blue dye) is the gold standard for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and there is wide variation in techniques and blue dyes used. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the need for radioisotope and the optimal blue dye for SLNB. A total of 21 studies were included. The SLNB identification rates are high with all the commonly used blue dyes. Furthermore, methylene blue is superior to iso-sulfan blue and Patent Blue V with respect to false-negative rates. The combined technique remains the most accurate and effective technique for SLNB. In order to standardize the SLNB technique, comparative trials to determine the most effective blue dye and national guidelines are required.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MARINEBRUCELLAFROM A SOUTHERN SEA OTTER (ENHYDRA LUTRIS NEREIS), CALIFORNIA, USA (2017)

We characterize Brucella infection in a wild southern sea otter ( Enhydra lutris nereis) with osteolytic lesions similar to those reported in other marine mammals and humans. This otter stranded twice along the central California coast, US over a 1-yr period and was handled extensively at two wildlife rehabilitation facilities, undergoing multiple surgeries and months of postsurgical care. Ultimately the otter was euthanized due to severe, progressive neurologic disease. Necropsy and postmortem radiographs revealed chronic, severe osteoarthritis spanning the proximal interphalangeal joint of the left hind fifth digit. Numerous coccobacilli within the joint were strongly positive on Brucella immunohistochemical labelling, and Brucella sp. was isolated in pure culture from this lesion. Sparse Brucella-immunopositive bacteria were also observed in the cytoplasm of a pulmonary vascular monocyte, and multifocal granulomas were observed in the spinal cord and liver on histopathology. Findings from biochemical characterization, 16S ribosomal DNA, and bp26 gene sequencing of the bacterial isolate were identical to those from marine-origin brucellae isolated from cetaceans and phocids. Although omp2a gene sequencing revealed 100% homology with marine Brucella spp. infecting pinnipeds, whales, and humans, omp2b gene sequences were identical only to pinniped-origin isolates. Multilocus sequence typing classified the sea otter isolate as ST26, a sequence type previously associated only with cetaceans. Our data suggest that the sea otter Brucella strain represents a novel marine lineage that is distinct from both Brucella pinnipedialis and Brucella ceti. Prior reports document the zoonotic potential of the marine brucellae. Isolation of Brucella sp. from a stranded sea otter highlights the importance of wearing personal protective equipment when handling sea otters and other marine mammals as part of wildlife conservation and rehabilitation efforts.
Coexistence of Flexo- and Ferro-Electric Effects in an Ordered Assembly of BaTiO3 Nanocubes (2022)

It has been reported that the flexoelectric effect could be dominant in the nanoscale. The discrepancy between theory and experiments on the frequency dependence of the dielectric constant of an ordered assembly of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanocubes is nearly resolved by assuming the coexistence of flexo- and ferro-electric effects. Although flexoelectric polarizations perpendicular to the applied alternating electric field contribute to the dielectric constant, those parallel to the electric field do not contribute because the magnitude of the flexoelectric polarization does not change due to the mismatch of strain at the interface of the nanocubes. On the other hand, some dielectric response is possible for the ferroelectric component of the polarization parallel to the electric field.
Beyond the Poisson-Boltzmann Model: Modeling Biomolecule-Water and Water-Water Interactions (2009)

We present an extension to the Poisson-Boltzmann model in which the solvent is modeled as an assembly of self-orienting dipoles of variable densities. Interactions between these dipoles are included implicitly using a Yukawa potential field. This model leads to a set of equations whose solutions give the dipole densities; we use the latter to study the organization of water around biomolecules. The computed water density profiles resemble those derived from molecular dynamics simulations. We also derive an excess free energy that discriminates correct from incorrect conformations of proteins.
METABOLIC FATE OF [14C]GLUCOSE IN PERICARPS AND SEEDS OF COFFEA ARABICA AND COFFEA CANEPHORA FRUITS DURING DEVELOPMENT AND RIPENING (2015)

To elucidate the overall metabolism of sugars in coffee fruits, in situ metabolism of exogenously supplied 14C-glucose were investigated in segments of pericarps and seeds of two cultivars of Coffea arabica and C. canephora fruits obtained from different growth and ripening stages. The coffee fruits were categorized into five stages 1 to 5 which were corresponding to young, developing, mature (green), ripening (pink) and fully-ripened (red) fruits, respectively. The rates of uptake and metabolism of [U-14C]glucose in fruits of the stages 1‒3 was higher than in fruits of stages 4‒5. Release of 14CO2 which represented cellular respiration was high in both pericarp and seeds of C. arabica and C. canephora up to the stage 3, but it gradually reduced and the minimum was found in the fully ripened stage 5 fruits. The highest incorporation of radioactivity into the methanol-soluble metabolites was found in the stage 2 fruits. In pericarp, incorporation of radioactivity into the acidic component (mainly consisted of organic acids) was much higher than into basic component (mainly consisted free amino acids). In seeds, significant amounts of the radioactivity were found in the basic fractions especially at the stages 4 and 5. [U-14C]glucose was converted to fructose and sucrose in both pericarp and seeds. Only small rate of sucrose synthesis from [14C]glucose was detected 18 h after administration, however, its relative rate is slightly increased at stages 4-5 fruits. Incorporation of radioactivity into the methanol-insoluble metabolites (mainly consisted protein starch and cell wall constituents) was found in any stages of fruits. The maximum rates were found in pericarp and seeds of developing (stage 2) fruits of C. arabica and in those at early three stages 1‒3 of C. canephora. Possible metabolic routes and relative participation of carbon in different metabolite biosynthesis in coffee fruits are discussed.
Experimental Setups for Studying the Compatibility of Crude Oil Blends under Dynamic Conditions (2016)

Blending of different crude oils is currently carried out in the petroleum industry. However, under certain process conditions, i.e., pressure, temperature, flow regime, composition, etc., asphaltene precipitation and plugging of pipelines and process equipment commonly occur, which cause production shutdowns; therefore, special cleaning programs need to be developed. To avoid these problems, it is first necessary to evaluate the compatibility of crude oil blends through a study of asphaltene stability. Most of the available tests are focused on analyzing crude oils under standard conditions, i.e., temperature, pressure, solvent/oil ratio, or static testing; however, studies at dynamic conditions are scarce. Dynamic testing is a more representative approach to correlate experimental information with data of transportation of crude oils, where pressure, temperature, and flow regimes influence crude oil stability and compatibility. In this work, the literature reports of dynamic experimental setups are summarized and analyzed, whereby asphaltene deposition and precipitation are typically studied.
Improving Individual Brain Age Prediction Using an Ensemble Deep Learning Framework (2021)

Brain age is an imaging-based biomarker with excellent feasibility for characterizing individual brain health and may serve as a single quantitative index for clinical and domain-specific usage. Brain age has been successfully estimated using extensive neuroimaging data from healthy participants with various feature extraction and conventional machine learning (ML) approaches. Recently, several end-to-end deep learning (DL) analytical frameworks have been proposed as alternative approaches to predict individual brain age with higher accuracy. However, the optimal approach to select and assemble appropriate input feature sets for DL analytical frameworks remains to be determined. In the Predictive Analytics Competition 2019, we proposed a hierarchical analytical framework which first used ML algorithms to investigate the potential contribution of different input features for predicting individual brain age. The obtained information then served as <i>a priori</i> knowledge for determining the input feature sets of the final ensemble DL prediction model. Systematic evaluation revealed that ML approaches with multiple concurrent input features, including tissue volume and density, achieved higher prediction accuracy when compared with approaches with a single input feature set [Ridge regression: mean absolute error (MAE) = 4.51 years, <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.88; support vector regression, MAE = 4.42 years, <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.88]. Based on this evaluation, a final ensemble DL brain age prediction model integrating multiple feature sets was constructed with reasonable computation capacity and achieved higher prediction accuracy when compared with ML approaches in the training dataset (MAE = 3.77 years; <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.90). Furthermore, the proposed ensemble DL brain age prediction model also demonstrated sufficient generalizability in the testing dataset (MAE = 3.33 years). In summary, this study provides initial evidence of how-to efficiency for integrating ML and advanced DL approaches into a unified analytical framework for predicting individual brain age with higher accuracy. With the increase in large open multiple-modality neuroimaging datasets, ensemble DL strategies with appropriate input feature sets serve as a candidate approach for predicting individual brain age in the future.