gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Lesion Graphs in the Wild: Relationship Learning and Organization of Significant Radiology Image Findings in a Diverse Large-scale Lesion Database (2017)

Radiologists in their daily work routinely find and annotate significant abnormalities on a large number of radiology images. Such abnormalities, or lesions, have collected over years and stored in hospitals' picture archiving and communication systems. However, they are basically unsorted and lack semantic annotations like type and location. In this paper, we aim to organize and explore them by learning a deep feature representation for each lesion. A large-scale and comprehensive dataset, DeepLesion, is introduced for this task. DeepLesion contains bounding boxes and size measurements of over 32K lesions. To model their similarity relationship, we leverage multiple supervision information including types, self-supervised location coordinates and sizes. They require little manual annotation effort but describe useful attributes of the lesions. Then, a triplet network is utilized to learn lesion embeddings with a sequential sampling strategy to depict their hierarchical similarity structure. Experiments show promising qualitative and quantitative results on lesion retrieval, clustering, and classification. The learned embeddings can be further employed to build a lesion graph for various clinically useful applications. We propose algorithms for intra-patient lesion matching and missing annotation mining. Experimental results validate their effectiveness.
Cross-reactivity of antiidiotypic antibodies with DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus (2000)

This study identified a unique set of autoantibodies in SLE. They react with both autoantibody idiotopes and with dsDNA, thus having a dual specificity for 2 autoantigens. Because these antiidiotope antibodies arise naturally during the development of lupus disease, and because they bind also to dsDNA, this provides a mechanism whereby the production of anti-dsDNA antibodies is stimulated. These idiotopes on autoantibodies in lupus act as natural mimotopes for inducing anti-dsDNA antibodies, which, due to their dual specificity, may significantly contribute to the pathology of nephritis in SLE.
Audio informed watermarking by means of dirty trellis codes (2013)

We present a frequency-domain audio watermarking scheme based on dirty convolutional codes. In the scenario addressed by the paper, a masking threshold is properly defined to allow the identification of the inaudibility of the inserted data. In particular, the masking threshold defines the maximum modification which can applied to each frequency sample. This represents a major deviation from classical distortion models, in which inaudibility is defined in terms of Mean Square Error (MSE), thus making the direct application of the dirty coding paradigm, derived from a theoretical perspective, problematic. To get around this problem, we first define an informed watermarking scheme based on trellis codes, in which the same information is represented by several paths of the trellis. Then, we determine both the specific structure of the codes and the algorithm for information embedding. The proposed scheme is proved to be robust to D/A and A/D conversion, multipath, scaling, noise, and time misalignment.
TOB: Timely Ontologies for Business Relations (2008)

In this paper we present a suite of methods for extracting temporal relations from semi-structured and textual Web sources. We particularly address the needs for building and maintaining business ontologies, where the time aspects of relations between companies, between companies and products, and between companies and customers are important. For example, the date on which a company acquired another company or when a new CEO took over is crucial information for business-intelligence applications. Our methods are geared for extracting business relations and their time information from three kinds of sources: Wikipedia infoboxes, Reuter’s news feeds, and news pages provided by Google. All techniques are integrated into the TOB framework for timely business ontologies. Our experiments show that we can achieve fairly high precision for the extracted information. 1.
D‐Glucose as a Pentavalent Chiral Scaffold (2003)

Abstract A novel carbohydrate‐based scaffold for combinatorial chemistry has been developed. This scaffold allows the selective attachment of five different side chains, giving rise to products of enormous structural diversity. As a demonstration of its usefulness, a series of model compounds has been prepared in high purity and yield by multistep parallel synthesis on a solid phase. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Oxygen Precipitation in Heavily Doped Silicon (1990)

The effect of dopant type and concentration on oxygen precipitation behavior in Czochralski silicon has been investigated. Heavily doped slices of known oxygen and dopant concentrations, determined by gamma activation analysis and 4‐point probe resistivity measurements, respectively, together with lightly doped n‐ and p‐type controls, were subjected to a 3‐stage (high‐low‐high) heat‐treatment. The bulk‐oxide precipitate density induced by the heat‐treatment was assessed by preferential etching. In addition, in the lightly doped controls the reduction in interstitial oxygen concentration was measured by infrared (IR) spectroscopy. It was confirmed that in the lightly doped controls with dopant concentration , the precipitation behavior is independent of dopant type and concentration. However, in p+ boron‐doped slices precipitation is enhanced and in n+ Sb‐doped slices it is retarded, compared with lightly doped controls of the same oxygen concentration. These results have been compared with various models for dopant‐dependent precipitation proposed in the literature.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Association Between Germline DNA Variant Markers and Clinical Parameters (2016)

The studied germline risk alleles predisposing to PTC were associated with a more aggressive course of the disease reflected by larger tumor diameter, higher multifocality rate, and more advanced N stage at the time of diagnosis. These results show that germline variants not only predispose to PTC but also might impact its clinical course. However, these associations were only moderate, and further large multi-ethnic studies are required to evaluate the usefulness of these germline variants in the clinical stratification of PTC patients.
Circadian principles and design of rotating shift work schedules (1986)

Circadian rhythms may be disrupted when shift workers rotate from one work schedule to another. It has been suggested that in order to minimize the time needed to readjust circadian rhythms to a new work schedule the work time of shift workers should be rotated in a delaying rather than an advancing direction. However, delaying or advancing the work time does not imply that the sleep-wake cycle is also shifted in a similar manner. Indeed, after a complete rotation between the day, evening, and night shifts the sleep time will be advanced once, delayed once, and not shifted once, regardless of whether the workers are on a delaying or an advancing work rotation schedule. Thus circadian rhythms are likely to be perturbed in a similar manner whether the work schedule is rotated in a delaying or an advancing direction.
Diels–Alder reactions of tetrafluorobenzyne with aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds (1966)

D. D. Callander, P. L. Coe and J. C. Tatlow, Chem. Commun. (London), 1966, 143 DOI: 10.1039/C19660000143
Design criteria and validation of a vacuum load current multiplier on a mega-ampere microsecond inductive storage generator (2010)

Abstract The load current multiplier concept (LCM) was suggested for improving the energy transfer efficiency from pulse power generators to loads. The concept was initially demonstrated at atmospheric pressure and dielectric insulation on a compact, 100 kA, microsecond capacitor bank. This paper reports on the LCM design criteria for mega-ampere vacuum pulse power when the LCM comprises a large-inductance magnetic flux extruder cavity without a magnetic core. The analytical and numerical design approach presented was experimentally validated on GIT12 mega-ampere inductive energy storage generator with a constant-inductance load. The LCM technique increased the peak load current from typically 4.6 MA at 1.87 µs on this generator, to 6.43 MA at 2.0 µs. The electromagnetic power into a ~10 nH load increased from 100 GW to 230 GW. This result is in good agreement with the presented numerical simulations and it corresponds to a 95% increase of the achievable magnetic pressure at 8 cm radius in the load. The compact, LCM hardware allows the GIT12 generator to operate more efficiently without modifying the stored energy or architecture. The demonstrated load power and energy increase using the LCM concept is of importance for further studies on power amplification in vacuum and high energy density physics.
Comparative study of the effect of vanadium and sulfate on the performance of molybdenum-titanium co-pillared clay for selective catalytic reduction of NO by ammonia. (2016)

International audience
Effects of Low-Oxygen-Content Metalorganic Precursors on AlInAs and High Electron Mobility Transistor Structures with the Thick AlInAs Buffer Layer (2003)

We investigated the effects of low-oxygen-content metalorganic precursors on oxygen impurities and Hall mobility. The oxygen concentration in the AlInAs layer was less than 2×1017 cm-3 under all growth conditions. We confirmed the high mobility of the AlInAs/InP high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) structure with the AlInAs buffer layer (5,500 cm2/V·s at 300 K, and 110,000 cm2/V·s at 77 K). For the AlInAs/GaInAs HEMT structure with the same buffer layer, we obtained the high mobility (12,000 cm2/V·s at 300 K, and 92,000 cm2/V·s at 77 K).
Salvage therapies of autoimmune hepatitis limit proinflammatory immune cells while sparing regulatory T cells (2023)

Non-SOC in AIH partially controls intrahepatic inflammation by limiting the hepatic infiltration of total T and B cells as the main drivers of inflammation without further decreasing intrahepatic Treg. A negative effect of calcineurin inhibitor and a positive effect of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors on the number of intrahepatic Treg was not observed.
Architectural Support for Internet Evolution and Innovation (Invited Paper) (2010)

Abstract—The architecture of the modern Internet encompasses a large number of principles, concepts and assumptions, that have evolved over several decades. In this paper, we introduce the SILO architecture, a meta-design framework within which the system design can change and evolve. We describe the actual architecture itself, as well as the “proof-of-concept” software prototype we have built. I. TOWARD A NEW INTERNET ARCHITECTURE The architecture of something as complex as the modern Internet encompasses a large number of principles, concepts and assumptions, which necessarily bear periodic re-visiting and re-evaluation in order to assess how well they have withstood the test of time. Such attempts have been made periodically in the past, but really started coming in force in the early 2000’s, with programs like DARPA NewArch [4],
Alternative optical technologies: more than curiosities? (2009)

As optical lithography reaches it physical limits, alternative technologies become interesting. There have been several such alternatives that are still optical, but have some departure from conventional projection methods. This papers presents some of these alternative optical technologies, namely the use of surface plasmons and plasmonic lithography, metamaterials and superlenses, evanescent wave lithography, solid immersion lithography, and stimulated transmission depletion (StED) lithography. Additionally, the viability of interferometric lithography (IL) is addressed for application to sub-32nm generations by using an information content metric and comparing results to 193nm lithography, double patterning, and EUV.
Electrical breakdown in thin oxides during bias-temperature ramps (2000)

Electrical breakdown in thin oxides is assessed by a new bias-temperature ramp technique. No significant effect of radiation exposure on breakdown is observed for high quality thermal and nitrided oxides, up to 20 Mrad(SiO{sub 2}).
SPARQture: a more welcoming entry to SPARQL endpoints (2014)

The semi-structured nature of Semantic Web data and its use of multiple vocabularies make it challenging to describe the structure of some RDF dataset. When trying to understand the content behind some SPARQL endpoint, users usually need to write a number of SPARQL queries to mine the types contained in the dataset and their relations. We argue that this is a tedious, error-prone and time consuming task to be carried out manually. SPARQture, the tool described in this paper, automates this process and renders the structure of a particular RDF data available behind some SPARQL endpoint using a number of visually rich components. Moreover, SPARQture supports user interaction to further explore the data. We describe SPARQture and discuss its fit to the IESD Challenge. The reader is encouraged to view the demo at: http://sparqture.appspot.com
Telomere End Protection in Stem Cells and Cancer Cells (2008)

Loss of telomere DNA in normal somatic cells is a major alteration upon ageing. Stem cells and progenitor cells also lose telomere DNA, but at a slower rate than normal cells due to activation of a low level of telomerase activity. Embryonic stem cells exhibit strong telomerase activity, maintain telomere length, and are resistant to DNA damage. In contrast, hematopoietic stem cells, which have weak telomerase activity, are sensitive to DNA damage. The shelterin complex is involved in t-loop formation, a mechanism thought to protect chromosome ends from DNA damage that induces telomere dysfunction. Telomere dysfunction in stem cells brought on by ageing as well as DNA damage has been shown to partake in various age-related diseases. This review illustrates the importance of the telomere end protection mechanism in normal, stem cells and cancer stem cells. Keywords: Telomere, telomerase, stem cell, DNA damage, anti-cancer drug, cancer stem cell, G-quadruplex
Exome Sequencing Identifies a Rare HSPG2 Variant Associated with Familial Idiopathic Scoliosis (2014)

Idiopathic scoliosis occurs in 3% of individuals and has an unknown etiology. The objective of this study was to identify rare variants that contribute to the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis by using exome sequencing in a multigenerational family with idiopathic scoliosis. Exome sequencing was completed for three members of this multigenerational family with idiopathic scoliosis, resulting in the identification of a variant in the HSPG2 gene as a potential contributor to the phenotype. The HSPG2 gene was sequenced in a separate cohort of 100 unrelated individuals affected with idiopathic scoliosis and also was examined in an independent idiopathic scoliosis population. The exome sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics filtering resulted in 16 potentially damaging and rare coding variants. One of these variants, p.Asn786Ser, is located in the HSPG2 gene. The variant p.Asn786Ser also is overrepresented in a larger cohort of idiopathic scoliosis cases compared with a control population (P = 0.024). Furthermore, we identified additional rare HSPG2 variants that are predicted to be damaging in two independent cohorts of individuals with idiopathic scoliosis. The HSPG2 gene encodes for a ubiquitous multifunctional protein within the extracellular matrix in which loss of function mutation are known to result in a musculoskeletal phenotype in both mouse and humans. Based on these results, we conclude that rare variants in the HSPG2 gene potentially contribute to the idiopathic scoliosis phenotype in a subset of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Further studies must be completed to confirm the effect of the HSPG2 gene on the idiopathic scoliosis phenotype.
Diagnosis and Reporting of Follicular-Patterned Thyroid Lesions by Fine Needle Aspiration (2009)

Over the past 3 decades, fine needle aspiration (FNA) has developed as the most accurate and cost-effective initial method for guiding the clinical management of patients with thyroid nodules. Thyroid FNA specimens containing follicular-patterned lesions are the most commonly encountered and include various forms of benign thyroid nodules, follicular carcinomas, and the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Based primarily upon the cytoarchitectural pattern, FNA is used as a screening test for follicular-patterned lesions to identify the majority of patients with benign nodules who can be managed without surgical intervention. The terminology and reporting of thyroid FNA results have been problematic due to significant variation between laboratories, but the recent multidisciplinary NCI Thyroid FNA State of the Science Conference has provided a seven-tiered diagnostic solution. A key element of this approach is the category "atypical cells of undetermined significance" (ACUS) which is used for those aspirates which cannot be easily classified as benign, suspicious, or malignant. Lesions in this category represent approximately 3-6% of thyroid FNAs and have a risk of malignancy intermediate between the "benign" category and the "suspicious for a follicular neoplasm" category. The recommended follow-up for an ACUS diagnosis is clinical correlation and in most cases, repeat FNA sampling.
Vanilloid receptor homologue, VRL1, is expressed by both A- and C-fiber sensory neurons (2001)

The capsaicin receptor (VR1) homologue, VRL1, is thought to be responsible for transducing high-threshold heat responses in Adelta-fiber neurons. In the present study, the expression of VRL1 by A- or C-fiber sensory neurons in rats was investigated by using a VRL1 and 200 kDa neurofilament (NF200, an A-fiber marker) double immunohistochemical staining method. Approximately 46% of VRL-positive neurons were NF200 positive. Though double-labeled neurons tended to be medium to large, many VRL1 single-labeled neurons were large. Dense VRL1 immunoreactivity was also found in laminae I and II of the spinal dorsal horn, where nociceptive Adelta- and C-fibers normally terminate. These results suggest that both C-fiber and Adelta-fiber primary sensory neurons express VRL1, and VRL1 may play an important role in nociception.
Acromial fracture after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. (2011)

In this article, we report on our experience with patients who sustained a fracture of the acromion after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), and on the results of a comprehensive survey regarding this complication- a survey of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) members. Patients were assessed with radiographs and validated functional outcome measures. Eight (4.9%) of the 162 patients that underwent RSA had radiographic evidence of postoperative fracture of the acromion. Mean active forward elevation was 71°, and mean ASES score was 70. Four patients reported no pain; 2 had mild pain; 1 had moderate pain; and 1 patient had severe pain. Six of the 8 fractures did not unite. Survey results showed that 74% of ASES respondents treated these patients nonoperatively and that 53% of respondents thought that acromial fractures after RSA led to reduced shoulder function, but without persistent pain. The natural history of nonoperative management is characterized by reduced global shoulder function and a high rate of nonunion. However, most of the patients who experienced this complication did not report chronic pain. Given these patients' outcomes, and the surveyed opinions of ASES members, conservative management is a reasonable option for this complication.
SYDACK - system of diagnosis and control in kinesitherapy (2006)

The SYDACK system of diagnosis and control in kinesitherapy has been developed. It consists of Avatar exercises - a virtual instructor, two sensors for monitoring a subject's shoulder and hip movement and computer software which combines the information from sensors placed on the subject's body with the computer. There are two ways to access the data: (1) graphically, as feedback information about the deviation of movement between the subject and the Avatar dispatched to the subject in real time and (2) via numerical data about subject's postural status and kinesitherapy process, expressed in angles, stored in a database for future processing and analysis
Dry Sliding Wear Properties of a 7075-T6 Aluminum Alloy Coated with Ni-P (h) in Different Pretreatment Conditions (2009)

Dry sliding wear behavior of electroless nickel-phosphorus (EN) coating of thickness ~35 μm deposited on a 7075-T6 aluminum alloy was studied. EN was deposited from a bath with sodium hypophosphite as a reducing agent. In as-deposited conditions, plating with 6-9 wt.% phosphorus has a mixture of amorphous and microcrystalline phase. Three pretreatments of Zn (zincate), Ni strike and absorbed hypophosphite layer were given to the substrate before EN coating to examine their wear performance. The surface morphology of the pretreatments was studied by a confocal laser scanning microscope. The performances of these pretreatments of EN were evaluated by dry sliding wear studies and followed by SEM studies. The results suggest that the wear behavior of EN mostly depends on the pretreatment conditions. Heat treatment at temperature of 400 °C can enhance the wear resistance properties for all types of pretreatment conditioned samples and in addition that the average coefficient of friction of 400 °C specimens (μav) had minimum value as compared to 200 °C specimens. Ni strike provided better interlocking adhesion between EN and Al and this pretreatment noticeably improved the wear, frictional and hardness behavior of the EN coatings on 7075 Al substrate and further enhanced it by heat treatment of 400 °C/h.
Clinical difficulties in diagnosis: a rare case of lipoma of the floor of the mouth. (2009)

Lipomas are soft tissue mesenchymal neoplasms that rarely occur in the oral and maxillofacial region. Their incidence in the floor of the mouth is very low. The authors present the case of a lipoma of the floor of the mouth, the diagnosis of this lesion was challenging as many clinical signs mimicked the appearance of a common ranula. Also the ultrasound imaging findings were not decisive and only during the operation the yellowish, solid and lobulated aspect of the lesion directed the surgeon to the correct treatment: a block resection of the mass was performed under local anesthesia with no complications. The patient remained asymptomatic with no evidence of recurrences in the postoperative follow-up period of 24 months. Histopathologically, the lesion was classified as a lipoma, a diagnosis based on the presence of mature adipose tissue with no cytologic atypia, subdivided by rare and thin septa of fibrous tissue with the presence of few blood vessels. The case reported highlights the difficulties in diagnosing lesions in the floor of the mouth and the necessity of including rare conditions like lipoma in the differential diagnosis.