gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation and characterization of an inducible renal proximal tubule-specific CreERT2 mouse (2023)

Protein reabsorption in renal proximal tubules is essential for maintaining nutrient homeostasis. Renal proximal tubule-specific gene knockout is a powerful method to assess the function of genes involved in renal proximal tubule protein reabsorption. However, the lack of inducible renal proximal tubule-specific Cre recombinase-expressing mouse strains hinders the study of gene function in renal proximal tubules. To facilitate the functional study of genes in renal proximal tubules, we developed an <i>AMN</i> <sup><i>CreERT2</i></sup> knock-in mouse strain expressing a Cre recombinase-estrogen receptor fusion protein under the control of the promoter of the <i>amnionless (AMN)</i> gene, a protein reabsorption receptor in renal proximal tubules. <i>AMN</i> <sup><i>CreERT2</i></sup> knock-in mice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 strategy, and the tissue specificity of Cre activity was investigated using the Cre/loxP reporter system. We showed that the expression pattern of CreERT2-mEGFP in <i>AMN</i> <sup><i>CreERT2</i></sup> mice was consistent with that of the endogenous <i>AMN</i> gene. Furthermore, we showed that the Cre activity in <i>AMN</i> <sup><i>CreERT2</i></sup> knock-in mice was only detected in renal proximal tubules with high tamoxifen induction efficiency. As a proof-of-principle study, we demonstrated that renal proximal tubule-specific knockout of <i>Exoc4</i> using AMN<sup>CreERT2</sup> led to albumin accumulation in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. The <i>AMN</i> <sup><i>CreERT2</i></sup> mouse is a powerful tool for conditional gene knockout in renal proximal tubules and should offer useful insight into the physiological function of genes expressed in renal proximal tubules.
An Experimental Study of Packet Loss and Forward Error Correction in Video Multicast over IEEE 802.11b Network (2009)

Video multicast over wireless local area networks (WLANs) faces many challenges due to varying channel conditions and limited bandwidth. A promising solution to this problem is the use of packet level forward error correction (FEC) mechanisms. However, the adjustment of the FEC rate is not a trivial issue due to the dynamic wireless environment. This decision becomes more complicated if we consider the multi-rate capability of the existing wireless LAN technology that adjusts the transmission rates based on the channel conditions and the coverage range. In order to explore the above issues we conducted an experimental study of the packet loss behavior of the IEEE 802.11b protocol. In our experiments we considered different transmission rates under the broadcast mode in indoor and outdoor environments. We further explored the effectiveness of packet level FEC for video multicast over wireless networks with multi-rate capability. In order to evaluate the system quantitatively, we implemented a prototype using open source drivers and socket programming. Based on the experimental results, we provide guidelines on how to efficiently use FEC for wireless video multicast in order to improve the overall system performance. We show that the Packet Error Rate (PER) increases exponentially with distance and using a higher transmission rate together with stronger FEC is more efficient than using a lower transmission rate with weaker FEC for video multicast.
Post-etch LER performance of novel surface conditioner solutions (2006)

As line edge roughness (LER) becomes one of the critical lithography challenges, there is a growing interest in applying surface conditioner solutions during post-develop process to reduce LER. In this paper, we evaluated the combined effect of surface conditioners and hard bake on the post-develop LER. There is about 1nm LER reduction, as well as a significant improvement on the common process window for LER. No negative impact on CD process window was observed with the new process. In addition, preliminary etch data showed that surface conditioners have no negative impact on pattern transfer through etch.
Novel Markers to Delineate Murine M1 and M2 Macrophages (2015)

Classically (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages exhibit distinct phenotypes and functions. It has been difficult to dissect macrophage phenotypes in vivo, where a spectrum of macrophage phenotypes exists, and also in vitro, where low or non-selective M2 marker protein expression is observed. To provide a foundation for the complexity of in vivo macrophage phenotypes, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional signature of murine M0, M1 and M2 macrophages and identified genes common or exclusive to either subset. We validated by real-time PCR an M1-exclusive pattern of expression for CD38, G-protein coupled receptor 18 (Gpr18) and Formyl peptide receptor 2 (Fpr2) whereas Early growth response protein 2 (Egr2) and c-Myc were M2-exclusive. We further confirmed these data by flow cytometry and show that M1 and M2 macrophages can be distinguished by their relative expression of CD38 and Egr2. Egr2 labeled more M2 macrophages (~70%) than the canonical M2 macrophage marker Arginase-1, which labels 24% of M2 macrophages. Conversely, CD38 labeled most (71%) in vitro M1 macrophages. In vivo, a similar CD38+ population greatly increased after LPS exposure. Overall, this work defines exclusive and common M1 and M2 signatures and provides novel and improved tools to distinguish M1 and M2 murine macrophages.
Learning to predict gender from iris images (2007)

This paper employs machine learning techniques to develop models that predict gender based on the iris texture features. While there is a large body of research that explores biometrics as a means of verifying identity, there has been very little work done to determine if biometric measures can be used to determine specific human attributes. If it is possible to discover such attributes, they would be useful in situations where a biometric system fails to identify an individual that has not been enrolled, yet still needs to be identified. The iris was selected as the biometric to analyze for two major reasons: (1) quality methods have already been developed to segment and encode an iris image, (2) current iris encoding methods are conducive to selecting and extracting attributes from an iris texture and creating a meaningful feature vector.
Energy-Efficient Ternary Multipliers Using CNT Transistors (2020)

In recent decades, power consumption has become an essential factor in attracting the attention of integrated circuit (IC) designers. Multiple-valued logic (MVL) and approximate computing are some techniques that could be applied to integrated circuits to make power-efficient systems. By utilizing MVL-based circuits instead of binary logic, the information conveyed by digital signals increases, and this reduces the required interconnections and power consumption. On the other hand, approximate computing is a class of arithmetic computing used in systems where the accuracy of the computation can be traded-off for lower energy consumption. In this paper, we propose novel designs for exact and inexact ternary multipliers based on carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs). The unique characteristics of CNFETs make them a desirable alternative to MOSFETs. The simulations are conducted using Synopsys HSPICE. The proposed design is compared against existing ternary multipliers. The results show that the proposed exact multiplier reduces the energy consumption by up to 6 times, while the best inexact design improves energy efficiency by up to 35 time compared to the latest state-of-the-art methods. Using the imprecise multipliers for image processing provides evidence that these proposed designs are a low-power system with an acceptable error.
Pediatric Transthoracic Cardiac Vector Flow Imaging – A Preliminary Pictorial Study (2018)

<b>Purpose</b> Conventional pediatric echocardiography is crucial for diagnosing congenital heart disease (CHD), but the technique is impaired by angle dependency. Vector flow imaging (VFI) is an angle-independent noninvasive ultrasound alternative for blood flow assessment and can assess complex flow patterns not visible on conventional Doppler ultrasound. <b>Materials and Methods</b> 12 healthy newborns and 3 infants with CHD were examined with transthoracic cardiac VFI using a conventional ultrasound scanner and a linear array. <b>Results</b> VFI examinations revealed common cardiac flow patterns among the healthy newborns, and flow changes among the infants with CHD not previously reported with conventional echocardiography. <b>Conclusion</b> For assessment of cardiac flow in the normal and diseased pediatric heart, VFI may provide additional information compared to conventional echocardiography and become a useful diagnostic tool.
Whitening and second order optimization both make information in the dataset unusable during training, and can reduce or prevent generalization (2020)

Machine learning is predicated on the concept of generalization: a model achieving low error on a sufficiently large training set should also perform well on novel samples from the same distribution. We show that both data whitening and second order optimization can harm or entirely prevent generalization. In general, model training harnesses information contained in the sample-sample second moment matrix of a dataset. For a general class of models, namely models with a fully connected first layer, we prove that the information contained in this matrix is the only information which can be used to generalize. Models trained using whitened data, or with certain second order optimization schemes, have less access to this information, resulting in reduced or nonexistent generalization ability. We experimentally verify these predictions for several architectures, and further demonstrate that generalization continues to be harmed even when theoretical requirements are relaxed. However, we also show experimentally that regularized second order optimization can provide a practical tradeoff, where training is accelerated but less information is lost, and generalization can in some circumstances even improve.
Large-scale circuit placement (2005)

Placement is one of the most important steps in the RTL-to-GDSII synthesis process, as it directly defines the interconnects, which have become the bottleneck in circuit and system performance in deep submicron technologies. The placement problem has been studied extensively in the past 30 years. However, recent studies show that existing placement solutions are surprisingly far from optimal. The first part of this tutorial summarizes results from recent optimality and scalability studies of existing placement tools. These studies show that the results of leading placement tools from both industry and academia may be up to 50% to 150% away from optimal in total wirelength. If such a gap can be closed, the corresponding performance improvement will be equivalent to several technology-generation advancements. The second part of the tutorial highlights the recent progress on large-scale circuit placement, including techniques for wirelength minimization, routability optimization, and performance optimization.
Con licencia para sobreexponer (2002)

Sheldon Bloomfi eld, vicepresidente senior de licencias de personajes de MultiMedia Worldwide, golpeo la catedra con Baby Ruby. Originalmente un personaje de libros infantiles, Ruby se ha transformado en el show infantil de mas rapido crecimiento en la television. Si las negociaciones con Galaxy Pictures van bien, Baby Ruby podria llegar a la pantalla grande el proximo verano. De hecho, Sheldon esta empezando a preguntarse si Baby Ruby es su propiedad ?perenne?, esa que generara ingresos por licencias durante muchos anos.

Sheldon se tiene que mover con cuidado para lograr que la fama de Baby Ruby dure mas que los proverbiales 15 minutos, El tiene muchas ofertas en la mesa, incluyendo una del lider nacional de comida rapida, para relacionar su proximo menu para ninos con Baby Ruby, pero los terminos son mucho menos favorables que lo que Sheldon desearia. El hecho es que nadie quiere arriesgar un gran compromiso fi nanciero en un personaje relativamente nuevo y la mayoria de las companias estan exigiendo exclusividad, lo que erosionaria aun mas las utilidades de Sheldon.

La presion esta en aumento. Sheldon sabe que si no hace estos tratos puede no tener otra oportunidad. Pero si hace los tratos, y Baby Ruby termina apareciendo en todo, desde camisetas hasta cucharas de coleccion, el publico puede perder interes en ella.

?Puede Sheldon asegurar que Baby Ruby llegara a ser algo mas que el sabor del mes de la comida rapida? Los comentaristas Grant McCracken, un academico visitante en McGill University y autor de Culture and Consumption; Jack Soden, CEO de Elvis Presley Enterprises; Timothy Rothwell, un vicepresidente senior de Universal Studios Consumer Products Group, y Bill Griffith, creador de la tira comica Zippy the Pinhead, ofrecen sus consejos en este estudio de un caso ficticio.
A dipole model for estimating frequency versus elevation-angle trajectory of the first spectral notch of head-related transfer functions in the median plane (2016)

The first (lowest) spectral notch (N1) of head-related transfer functions is known as a cue for sound localization in the median plane. This may be due to the fact that N1 frequency gradually increases as the sound source approaches the direction above the head. The mechanism of this phenomenon, however, is still unclear. To clarify the mechanism, using finite-difference time-domain simulation, the normalized pressure amplitude patterns were visualized around the head for 12 subjects when the analysis field was excited at various frequencies from a point just outside the blocked meatus. As a result, strong radiations with different phases occurred in the upper and lower directions, while in the intermediate narrow zone, the pressure amplitude became minimum. This zone corresponded to N1 and bent upward with increasing excitation frequency. These facts implied that the two radiated sound waves canceled each other in the zone, where the path difference amounted to a phase difference of half a wavelength. Thus, the shape of the intermediate zone could be modeled by a hyperboloid whose foci were two hypothetical points on the pinna. The model could roughly estimate, for each individual, the frequency versus elevation-angle trajectory of N1 in the median plane.
CANTILEVERED BASE InP DHBT FOR HIGH SPEED DIGITAL APPLICATIONS (2001)

High speed digital logic is essential in diverse applications such as optical communication, frequency synthesizers, and analog-digital conversion. Current research efforts indicate that technologies utilizing heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) are the preferred approach for systems operating at clock frequencies of 40 GHz and above (1-6). In this paper we report a novel InAIAs/InGaAs/InP double-HBT (DHBT) with a cantilevered base layer and undercut collector. We fabricated and demonstrated an 80 GHz 2:1 digital frequency divider, and a 5 GHz 8-bit phase/7-bit magnitude Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) chip with approximately 3000 transistors using this technology.
Intense Focused Ultrasound: Evaluation of a New Treatment Modality for Precise Microcoagulation within the Skin (2008)

Intense focused ultrasound can be used as a noninvasive method for spatially confined heating and coagulation within the skin or its underlying structures. These findings have a significant potential for the development of novel, noninvasive treatment devices in dermatology.
Atomic Layer Deposition Al2O3 Thin Films in Magnetized Radio Frequency Plasma Source (2011)

Self-limiting deposition of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) thin films were accomplished by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using trimethyl aluminum (TMA) and O2 as precursor and oxidant, respectively, where argon was kept flowing in whole deposition process as discharge and purge gas. In here we present a novel plasma source for the atomic layer deposition technology, magnetized radio frequency (RF) plasma. Difference from the commercial RF source, magnetic coils were amounted above the RF electrode, and the influence of the magnetic field strength on the deposition rate and morphology are investigated in detail. It concludes that a more than 3 Å/ purging cycle deposition rate and the good quality of ALD Al2O3 were achieved in this plasma source even without extra heating. The ultra-thin films were characterized by including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The high deposition rates obtained at ambient temperatures were analyzed after in-situ the diagnostic of plasmas by Langmuir probe.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STEROID AND FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES FROM THE FLOWERS OF ALLIUM GRAMINEUM (2016)

The isolation and identification of β-sitosterol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin 3,4'-di-O-β-glucopyranoside and isorhamnetin 3,7-di-O-β-glucopyranoside from the flowers of Allium gramineum that grows in Georgia. The structures of isolated compounds have been determined by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
Research on load curve clustering of distribution transformer based on wavelet transform and big data processing (2017)

It is very important to study the characteristics of the load curve of the distribution transformer for the low voltage transformation and transformer capacity of the distribution network. A clustering algorithm based on wavelet transform and big data processing method is proposed in this paper. The wavelet transform is applied to the feature extraction of the distribution load curve, and the clustering is improved by the improved quadratic clustering algorithm. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional clustering convergence and sensitivity to the initial clustering center. By using the big data processing method in the Spark parallel processing framework to achieve the algorithm. Experiments show that the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm are improved obviously.
Three phase four branch active filter for non-active power compensation under non-sinusoïdal conditions (2006)

International audience
Femtomolar Sensitivity of Metalloregulatory Proteins Controlling Zinc Homeostasis (2001)

Intracellular zinc is thought to be available in a cytosolic pool of free or loosely bound Zn(II) ions in the micromolar to picomolar range. To test this, we determined the mechanism of zinc sensors that control metal uptake or export in Escherichia coli and calibrated their response against the thermodynamically defined free zinc concentration. Whereas the cellular zinc quota is millimolar, free Zn(II) concentrations that trigger transcription of zinc uptake or efflux machinery are femtomolar, or six orders of magnitude less than one atom per cell. This is not consistent with a cytosolic pool of free Zn(II) and suggests an extraordinary intracellular zinc-binding capacity. Thus, cells exert tight control over cytosolic metal concentrations, even for relatively low-toxicity metals such as zinc.
[Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Phenotype study of 60 members of the same family]. (1977)

In two brothers treated for severe pulmonary emphysema, was demonstrated an alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency associated with a ZZ phenotype (Pi system). The authors carried out a genetic study of the family including 60 members spread over 4 generations. In all, were demonstrated 4 subjects of phenotype ZZ, 29 of phenotype MZ, 3 of phenotype MS ; one subject had a phenotype SZ and 23 members of this family had normal levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin and were of phenotype MM. The disease was transmitted in all cases as an autosomic codominant. The interest of a study of the phenotype in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is emphasized together with the practical steps to be taken on discovery of a subject with the allele responsible for a reduction in serum levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin.
Efficacy of aerosolized amphotericin B desoxycholate and liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in severely immunocompromised rats (2001)

The effects of treatment with aerosolized amphotericin B desoxycholate and aerosolized liposomal amphotericin B were evaluated in severely immunosuppressed rats with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Aerosol treatment with amphotericin B desoxycholate consisted of a single dose (60 min) with amphotericin B concentrations in the nebulizer reservoir of 1, 2 and 4 mg/mL, respectively. For liposomal amphotericin B, aerosol treatment consisted of single, double or quadruple doses with a nebulizer reservoir concentration of 4 mg/mL of amphotericin B. Treatment, started at 30 h after inoculation, with aerosolized amphotericin B desoxycholate (nebulizer reservoir concentration 2 mg/mL) significantly prolonged survival of rats as compared with placebo-treated rats, whereas treatment with aerosolized amphotericin B desoxycholate with nebulizer reservoir concentration of 1 or 4 mg/mL did not have a significant effect on survival. Treatment with aerosolized liposomal amphotericin B significantly prolonged survival with all treatment regimens when compared with placebo-treated animals. Aerosol treatment did not prevent dissemination of the infection. The effects of amphotericin B desoxycholate and liposomal amphotericin B on pulmonary surfactant function were also evaluated in vitro. Amphotericin B desoxycholate inhibited surfactant function in a dose-dependent fashion. Liposomal amphotericin B had no detrimental effect on surface activity of surfactant. These results indicate that aerosol administration of amphotericin B, especially the liposomal formulation, could be an additional approach to optimizing treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
Birefringence free planar optical waveguide made by flame hydrolysis deposition (FHD) through tailoring of the overcladding (2000)

Stresses developing in a planar waveguide resulting from the different thermal expansion coefficients of the substrate and the three glass layers (buffer, core and cladding) were analyzed using a finite element method. It can be shown that mainly the thermal expansion of the overcladding determines the birefringence in the finished waveguide. Based on that result, recipes for an overcladding made with the flame-hydrolysis-deposit ion (FHD)-process were devised. We demonstrate the absence of birefringence in a commercial waveguide layer overclad with this glass. The high doping levels required for the cladding to have a thermal expansion coefficient sufficient for this raises concerns about the moisture sensitivity of such a glass. We examined the depth dependent composition of the glass using WD-ESCA (wavelength dispersive electron microprobe) and show, that at the surface a layer depleted of dopants is formed during the high temperature sintering process, This layer can serve as a protective coating to isolate the underlying, higher doped layer from the effects of moisture. Analysis of the stresses shows that this does not effect the birefringence behavior of the waveguide.
Long‐term results of balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for gastric variceal bleeding and risky gastric varices: A 10‐year experience (2008)

B-RTO is beneficial over the long-term, despite worsening EVx in some patients, because of excellent treatment efficacy and improved mortality. We believe that B-RTO can become a first-choice radical treatment following hemostasis for gastric variceal bleeding and prophylactic treatment for risky GVx.
[ 111 In-DTPA]octreotide Tumor Uptake in GEPNET Liver Metastases After Intra-Arterial Administration: An Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Observations and Implications for Tumor Radiation Dose After Peptide Radionuclide Therapy (2014)

Preclinical and clinical data both indicate that IA administration of radiolabeled somatostatin analogs via the hepatic artery can significantly increase radionuclide uptake in GEPNET, sst2-positive, liver metastases up to 72 hours postinjection, although the effect of IA administration can differ between patients.