gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faculty Opinions recommendation of CD45 pre-exclusion from the tips of T cell microvilli prior to antigen recognition. (2021)

The tyrosine phosphatase CD45 is a major gatekeeper for restraining T cell activation. Its exclusion from the immunological synapse (IS) is crucial for T cell receptor (TCR) signal transduction. Here, we use expansion super-resolution microscopy to reveal that CD45 is mostly pre-excluded from the tips of microvilli (MV) on primary T cells prior to antigen encounter. This pre-exclusion is diminished by depleting cholesterol or by engineering the transmembrane domain of CD45 to increase its membrane integration length, but is independent of the CD45 extracellular domain. We further show that brief MV-mediated contacts can induce Ca2+ influx in mouse antigen-specific T cells engaged by antigen-pulsed antigen presenting cells (APC). We propose that the scarcity of CD45 phosphatase activity at the tips of MV enables or facilitates TCR triggering from brief T cell-APC contacts before formation of a stable IS, and that these MV-mediated contacts represent the earliest step in the initiation of a T cell adaptive immune response. PMID: 34162836 Funding information This work was supported by: NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: S10 OD021831 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 HL078784
Long-term spatio-temporal precipitation variations in China with precipitation surface interpolated by ANUSPLIN (2020)

Climate changes significantly impact environmental and hydrological processes. Precipitation is one of the most significant climatic parameters and its variability and trends have great influences on environmental and socioeconomic development. We investigate the spatio-temporal variability of precipitation occurrence frequency, mean precipitation depth, PVI and total precipitation in China based on long-term precipitation series from 1961 to 2015. As China's topography is diverse and precipitation is affected by topography strongly, ANUSPLIN can model the effect of topography on precipitation effectively is adopted to generate the precipitation interpolation surface. Mann-Kendall trend analysis and simple linear regression was adopted to examine long-term trend for these indicators. The results indicate ANUSPLIN precipitation surface is reliable and the precipitation variation show different regional and seasonal trend. For example, there is a sporadic with decreasing frequency precipitation trend in spring and a uniform with increasing frequency trend in summer in Yangtze Plain, which may affect spring ploughing and alteration of flood risk for this main rice-production areas of China. In north-western China, there is a uniform with increasing precipitation frequency and intensity trend, which is beneficial for this arid region. Our study could be helpful for other counties with similar climate types.
Adaptive Block Floating-Point for Analog Deep Learning Hardware (2022)

Analog mixed-signal (AMS) devices promise faster, more energy-efficient deep neural network (DNN) inference than their digital counterparts. However, recent studies show that DNNs on AMS devices with fixed-point numbers can incur an accuracy penalty because of precision loss. To mitigate this penalty, we present a novel AMS-compatible adaptive block floating-point (ABFP) number representation. We also introduce amplification (or gain) as a method for increasing the accuracy of the number representation without increasing the bit precision of the output. We evaluate the effectiveness of ABFP on the DNNs in the MLPerf datacenter inference benchmark -- realizing less than $1\%$ loss in accuracy compared to FLOAT32. We also propose a novel method of finetuning for AMS devices, Differential Noise Finetuning (DNF), which samples device noise to speed up finetuning compared to conventional Quantization-Aware Training.
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND ESTIMATION OF MAJOR STEVIOL GLYCOSIDES IN VARIED PARTS OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA (2015)

Objective: Determination of physicochemical parameters, comparativephytochemical screening of leaves, stem and root extract of S. rebaudiana and qualitative and quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites (Stevioside and Rebaudioside A) through HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Methods : Standards methods were followed for physicochemical and phytochemical analysis and HPLC was used for estimation of Stevioside and Reb A. Quantification of metabolites was done by plotting a standard curve for standards. Results : Leaves, stem and root possesses different phytochemicals however, leaves showed all tests positive for phytochemicals. Leaves of S rebaudiana possess higher stevioside (1.13±0.02 mg/ml) than stem (0.88±0.008 mg/ml). Concentration of Reb A in the leaves (0.071±0.005 mg/ml) was also higher than stem (0.052±0.002 mg/ml). Conclusion : Qualitative and quantitative estimation of various parts of S rebaudiana revealed that leaf showed the maximum type and amount of secondary metabolites which are of immense medicinal use of mankind.
Ce 3+:Lu 3Al 5O 12–Al 2O 3 optical nanoceramic scintillators elaborated via a low-temperature glass crystallization route (2022)

Transparent Ce:lutetium aluminum garnet (Ce:Lu<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, Ce:LuAG) ceramics have been regarded as potential scintillator materials due to their relatively high density and atomic number (<i>Z</i><sub>eff</sub>). However, the current Ce:LuAG ceramics exhibit a light yield much lower than the expected theoretical value due to the inevitable presence of Lu<sub>Al</sub> antisite defects at high sintering temperatures. This work demonstrates a low-temperature (1100 ℃) synthetic strategy for elaborating transparent LuAG–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoceramics through the crystallization of 72 mol% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–28 mol% Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (ALu28) bulk glass. The biphasic nanostructure composed of LuAG and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals makes up the whole ceramic materials. Most of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is distributed among LuAG grains, and the rest is present inside the LuAG grains. Fully dense biphasic LuAG–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoceramics are highly transparent from the visible region to mid-infrared (MIR) region, and particularly the transmittance reaches 82% at 780 nm. Moreover, Lu<sub>Al</sub> antisite defect-related centers are completely undetectable in X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) spectra of Ce:LuAG–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoceramics with 0.3–1.0 at% Ce. The light yield of 0.3 at% Ce:LuAG–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoceramics is estimated to be 20,000 ph/MeV with short 1 μs shaping time, which is far superior to that of commercial Bi<sub>4</sub>Ge<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (BGO) single crystals. These results show that a low-temperature glass crystallization route provides an alternative approach for eliminating the antisite defects in LuAG-based ceramics, and is promising to produce garnet-based ceramic materials with excellent properties, thereby meeting the demands of advanced scintillation applications.
Spin Density Wave in Quasi-One-Dimensional Organic Conductors (2001)

The incommensurate spin density wave (SDW) phases in (TMTSF)2PF6 and (TMTTF)2Br were investigated by transport measurements under pressure and in magnetic field parallel to the c*-axis. For the SDW phase of (TMTSF)2PF6 slightly suppressed by the pressure, the SDW transition temperature TSDW increases with the applied magnetic field. The field dependence of TSDW is described by a quadratic behavior and the coefficient of the quadratic term increases with increasing pressure. For the incommensurate SDW phase of (TMTTF)2Br stabilized under the pressure above 0.5 GPa, the SDW transition shows similar behavior as in the case of (TMTSF)2PF6 with increasing magnetic field. These results are consistent with the prediction of the mean field theory based on the nesting of the Fermi surface. The incommensurate SDW phases in both (TMTSF)2PF6 and (TMTTF)2Br are understood in a common pressure axis with taking the reduction of the coupling constant by the pressure into account.
Predicting Human Performance in Vertical Menu Selection Using Deep Learning (2018)

Predicting human performance in interaction tasks allows designers or developers to understand the expected performance of a target interface without actually testing it with real users. In this work, we present a deep neural net to model and predict human performance in performing a sequence of UI tasks. In particular, we focus on a dominant class of tasks, i.e., target selection from a vertical list or menu. We experimented with our deep neural net using a public dataset collected from a desktop laboratory environment and a dataset collected from hundreds of touchscreen smartphone users via crowdsourcing. Our model significantly outperformed previous methods on these datasets. Importantly, our method, as a deep model, can easily incorporate additional UI attributes such as visual appearance and content semantics without changing model architectures. By understanding about how a deep learning model learns from human behaviors, our approach can be seen as a vehicle to discover new patterns about human behaviors to advance analytical modeling.
XLIX.—The relative directive powers of groups of the forms RO and RR′N in aromatic substitution. Part I (1926)

J. Allan and R. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc., 1926, 129, 376 DOI: 10.1039/JR9262900376
New Self-repairing Digital Circuit Based on Embryonic Cellular Array (2006)

A digital circuit with self-repairing characteristic based on embryonic cellular array, which attempts to draw inspiration from the biological process of ontogeny, to implement novel digital computing machines endowed with better hardware fault-tolerant capabilities is researched in this paper. The self-repairing digital circuit (SDC) consists of the two-dimensional electronic cellular array, the SDC's structure and the self-repairing mechanism are expounded, and the design of the cellular circuit based on LUT (look-up table) is proposed. Then, a multiplication circuit is presented as an example of the application of the SDC, the function and self-repairing ability of the multiplication circuit by SDC are demonstrated by the simulation results
Overview of experiments on microcrystal plasticity in FCC-derivative materials: selected challenges for modelling and simulation of plasticity (2007)

An important frontier in both metallurgy and mechanics is the development of a modelling framework that accurately represents length-scale effects and dislocation structure. Emerging mechanics formulations incorporate a length scale tied to distortion gradients aimed at modelling the effects from geometrically necessary dislocations (GND). However, recent experimental studies show important intrinsic size effects exist separately from an evolving GND structure at a mesoscopic scale. The present studies probed for intrinsic size effects at this scale using experimental methods that more closely approach the size scales accessible via discrete dislocation simulation (DDS) in 3d. Uniaxial compression tests of single crystals of pure Ni, Ni3Al alloys, Ni superalloys and fine grained polycrystalline Ni showed material-unique size-dependent responses. Notable among these are a range of strengths and clear intermittency of flow that reveals self-organization. Mechanistically self-consistent simulation of such results, by either discrete dislocation or continuum methods, stands as an unsolved challenge for emerging materials modelling approaches.
Short- and mid-term outcome after endovascular repair of ruptured descending thoracic aorta (2011)

Objectives: Surgical management of acute ruptured thoracic aorta is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study examined the efficacy and safety of emergency endovascular treatment of aortic rupture.
The use of cholecalciferol in patients with hip fracture (2017)

The correction of vitamin D inadequacy is preliminary to any treatment for osteoporosis and together with calcium may reduce fracture risk by itself. The prescription of vitamin D supplements is low in patients before and after a hip fracture in a Mediterranean region and despite the overall increase in vitamin use and abuse in the general population. Proper educational programs and active fracture liaison services are needed in order to bridge this gap.
Synthesis of Sulfonic Acid Derivatives of Purine and Pyrimidine (1980)

Abstract Heterocyclic compounds such as ethylene carbonate, β-propiolactone and ethylene imine are known as convenient reagents for the preparation of N-2-hydroxyethyl1), 2-carboxyethyl2–3) and 2-aminoethyl4) derivatives of purine and pyrimidine bases.
T cell repertoire analysis and comparison between different compartments in two MS patients (2010)

International audience
Nonlinear electromechanical coupling in ferroelectric materials: large deformation and hysteresis (2020)

Abstract Smart materials respond to external stimuli, e.g., electric fields, which enables their use as sensors and actuators. The electromechanical coupling of the direct and converse piezoelectric effects, for instance, is used for both actuation and sensing in diverse engineering applications. The response of ferroelectric materials depends on their state of remanent polarization and the presence of an external electric field. To extend the operational range of sensors and actuators, an accurate understanding of the evolution of the material’s state of polarization is imperative, which requires both physical and geometric nonlinearities to be taken into account. Moreover, polymeric smart materials like PVDF allow significantly larger deformation as compared to conventional piezoelectric ceramics. The electromechanical coupling in piezoelectric materials manifests in ferroelectric and ferroelastic hystereses, which are related to both reversible and irreversible processes. Focusing on the latter, we transfer phenomenological models for domain switching in ferroelectric materials to the geometrically nonlinear regime. For this purpose, we follow related concepts of geometrically nonlinear elastoplasticity, where the concept of a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient plays a key role. Accordingly, an additional deformation path that describes the evolution of the poled state from the unpoled referential configuration is introduced. The constitutive response of the material to mechanical and electrical loads is discussed, and dissipative internal forces that drive the evolution of the remanent polarization are derived within a thermodynamical framework and the principle of maximum dissipation.
Characterization of the octamer, a cis-regulatory element that modulates excretory cell gene-expression in Caenorhabditis elegans (2010)

Taken together, we have demonstrated that octamer-containing regions are associated with excretory cell expression of several genes that have putative roles in osmoregulation. Moreover, our analysis of the octamer sequence and its sequence variants could aid in the identification of additional genes that are expressed in the excretory cell and that may also be regulated by CEH-6.
The Recognition of Extended Targets: SAR Images for Level And Hilly Terrain (1982)

An experiment was performed using radar image simulation techniques to determine what a SAR image would look like for a collection of area extensive targets, first with flat underlying terrain and second, in the presence of moderate relief. Although compression, layover, and shadow are well known from the one-dimensional geometry analyses, it has not been previously demonstrated in a pictorial fashion what happens to the appearance of the same controlled reflectivity pattern, for level and hilly ground. It is not surprising to radargrammetrists that even modest elevation changes seriously affect the detection and recognition of boundaries and shapes. The image results clearly demonstrate these effects, and are valuable for many researchers who have previously used, or are just beginning to apply SAR imagery to crops and soils, minerals, and water resources assessment, etc. This research was performed during the course of an investigation to establish the performance of the Seasat-A SAR, in terms of user-oriented features, thus the radar system model and geometry are pertinent to that sensor, although the results can be applied to radar imaging in general. A review of range perspective imaging is included, since information extraction from radar imagery necessitates the knowledge of geometry/propagation effects.
Intra-carotid arterial transfusion of autologous circulatory derived CD34+ cells for old ischemic stroke patients - a phase I clinical trial to evaluate safety and tolerability. (2018)

This phase I clinical trial tested the hypothesis that circulatory CD34+ cell therapy might be safe for old ischemic stroke (IS) (defined as IS>6 months) patients and also to evaluate the neurological function after the therapy. Nine old IS patients (with mean IS interval: 8.6 ± 6.4 years) were consecutively enrolled and received intra-carotid artery transfusion of circulatory-derived autologous CD34+ cells (3.0×10<sup>7</sup> cells/patient) into the ipsilateral brain infarct area at catheterization room by Catheter Looping Technique, after subcutaneous G-CSF injection (5 μg/kg twice a day for 4 days). The results showed that procedural safety was 100% with all patients uneventfully discharged. The circulating number of EPCs and angiogenesis (i.e., by Matrigel assay) were significantly higher at post than at prior to G-CSF treatment (all P<0.001). Time courses (0/5/10/30 minutes) of blood samplings from right-internal jugular vein exhibited significantly increased in levels of SDF-1α and EPCs numbers in time points of 5/10/30 minutes than in the baseline (0 minute) (all P<0.05). Barthel index was increased (defined as ≥5 scores) in 44.4% (4/9) and CASI score was notably improved (all P<0.01) at 6-month follow-up after the cell therapy as compared to the baseline. No recurrent IS or any tumorigenesis was found in these patients with a mean follow-up time interval of 16.5 ± 6.2 months. All of these patients remain survive and are followed up at outpatient department. In conclusion, CD34+ cell therapy is safe and might offer some benefit to old IS patients.
Single-dose pharmacokinetics of thalidomide in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients (1997)

The pharmacokinetics of thalidomide in nine human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients were studied. Single doses of thalidomide were well absorbed, with mean peak concentrations (+/- standard deviations) of 1.17 +/- 0.21 and 3.47 +/- 1.14 microg/ml in the 100- and 300-mg dosing groups, respectively, and the mean elimination half-life was approximately 6 h. Adverse effects were mild, with drowsiness being reported for seven of nine patients.
Do Unsubstituted Silacyclobutadienes Exist? (1997)

A number of isomers of composition C3H4Si and C2H4Si2 have been generated by pulsed flash pyrolysis of appropriate precursors and isolated in an argon matrix. Their photochemical interconversions were studied. Quantum chemical calculations have been performed at the BLYP/6-31G* level of theory. They play a decisive role in the identification of the highly reactive intermediates. Although silacyclobutadienes were shown to be minima on their respective energy hypersurfaces, no experimental evidence for the existence of such compounds was found. Instead, silylenes were detected, which undergo a variety of mutual interconversions.
Plasma Thrombospondin in Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (2002)

Patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) rarely suffer life-threatening haemorrhages despite significant thrombocytopenia, probably because large numbers of hyperfunctioning platelets are present. Thrombospondin is a platelet alpha-granule protein and its plasma level may reflect platelet activation. We assessed circulating thrombospondin levels in 12 newly diagnosed ITP patients (one man; 11 women, aged 36 +/- 16 years) before they were treated for ITP. Twelve healthy people (four men; eight women, aged 31 +/- 11 years) acted as controls. Plasma thrombospondin concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays. Thrombospondin concentrations tended to be higher, despite thrombocytopenia, in ITP patients (158.8 +/- 28.2 ng/ml) compared with controls (120.7 +/- 18.2 ng/ml). The difference was not statistically significant, but the relatively high circulating thrombospondin concentrations we observed suggest that residual platelets could be activated in ITP, thus indicating a more benign clinical course compared with aplastic thrombocytopenia.
Evidence that RNA silencing functions as an antiviral defense mechanism in fungi (2007)

The role of RNA silencing as an antiviral defense mechanism in fungi was examined by testing the effect of dicer gene disruptions on mycovirus infection of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. C. parasitica dicer-like genes dcl-1 and dcl-2 were cloned and shown to share a high level of predicted amino acid sequence identity with the corresponding dicer-like genes from Neurospora crassa [Ncdcl-1 (50.5%); Ncdcl-2 (38.0%)] and Magnaporthe oryzae [MDL-1 (45.6%); MDL-2 (38.0%)], respectively. Disruption of dcl-1 and dcl-2 resulted in no observable phenotypic changes relative to wild-type C. parasitica. Infection of Deltadcl-1 strains with hypovirus CHV1-EP713 or reovirus MyRV1-Cp9B21 resulted in phenotypic changes that were indistinguishable from that exhibited by wild-type strain C. parasitica EP155 infected with these same viruses. In stark contrast, the Deltadcl-2 and Deltadcl-1/Deltadcl-2 mutant strains were highly susceptible to mycovirus infection, with CHV1-EP713-infected mutant strains becoming severely debilitated. Increased viral RNA levels were observed in the Deltadcl-2 mutant strains for a hypovirus CHV1-EP713 mutant lacking the suppressor of RNA silencing p29 and for wild-type reovirus MyRV1-Cp9B21. Complementation of the Deltadcl-2 strain with the wild-type dcl-2 gene resulted in reversion to the wild-type response to virus infection. These results provide direct evidence that a fungal dicer-like gene functions to regulate virus infection.
Pre-Liver Transplant ROTEM™ Clot Lysis Index Is Associated with 30-Day Mortality, But Is Not a Measure for Fibrinolysis (2020)

Complex alterations of the coagulation system in end stage liver disease lead to an increased risk of bleeding and mortality. In the present study, we investigated; 1. the association of pre-liver transplant rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM™) variables with bleeding as well as 30-day-mortality and 2. the underlying pathophysiology. After approval from the local ethics committee, rotational thrombelastometry variables, conventional laboratory coagulation values, MELD score (model of end-stage liver disease), red blood cell loss, blood product use, coagulation factors, underlying disease, and demographic data were retrospectively analysed. Pre-transplant thrombelastometry clot lysis index (CLI) and MELD were the only variables associated with mortality, bleeding and blood product use, respectively. Mortality was 4.2%, when CLI was <85%, and increased to 25.7% when the CLI was >95%. Multivariate analysis including CLI and MELD score identified the CLI as an independent and the best predictor of 30-day-mortality. Interestingly, the inhibition of fibrinolysis did neither affect CLI nor the association of the variable with mortality. Thus, fibrinolysis can be excluded as the reason for low CLI values. In conclusion, low CLI values measured before the beginning of liver transplantation are associated with reduced bleeding and mortality, but do not indicate fibrinolysis.