gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Glucagon on Atrioventricular Conduction and Ventricular Automaticity in Dogs (1969)

The effects of glucagon, 50 µ/kg, on atrioventricular (A-V) conduction and ventricular automaticity were studied in 14 dogs. Atrial pacing was used to control the heart rate. The His bundle electrogram was recorded, and the interval from the pacing impulse (P) to the His bundle spike (H), the P-H interval, was used as a measure of A-V conduction. Ventricular automaticity was estimated in four dogs by recording vagal escape time and idioventricular rate after 60 seconds of continuous vagal stimulation. In three dogs with experimentally produced, complete heart block the effect of glucagon on idioventricular rate was estimated. When the heart rate was 250/minute, glucagon decreased the P-H interval by 30 ± 3%, from 126 ± 5 to 85 ± 5 msec ( P &lt; 0.01). When the heart rate was 310/minute, eight dogs demonstrated second-degree A-V block before glucagon; after glucagon, seven of the eight showed 1:1 A-V conduction. Glucagon increased heart rate by 38 ± 3.5%, from 148 ± 6.6 to 205 ± 8 beats/min ( P &lt;0.01). Propranolol, 2 mg/kg, did not block these effects on rate and A-V conduction. The vagal escape time and idioventricular rate with vagal stimulation and idioventricular rate in complete heart block did not change significantly after glucagon. Since glucagon profoundly increased the speed of A-V conduction without increasing ventricular automaticity, it may be useful in the treatment of A-V block especially in the presence of propranolol.
Common Variation in the BRCA1 Gene and Prostate Cancer Risk (2020)

Rare, inactivating mutations in the BRCA1 gene appear to play a limited role in prostate cancer. To our knowledge, however, no study has comprehensively assessed the role of other BRCA1 sequence variations, e.g., missense mutations, in prostate cancer. In a study of 817 men with and without prostate cancer from 323 familial and early-onset prostate cancer families, we used family-based association tests and conditional logistic regression to investigate the association between prostate cancer and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging common haplotype variation in a 200 kb-region surrounding (and including) the BRCA1 gene. We also used the Genotype-IBD Sharing Test (GIST) to determine whether our most strongly associated SNP could account for prostate cancer linkage to chromosome 17q21 in a sample of 154 families from our previous genome-wide linkage study. The strongest evidence for prostate cancer association was for a glutamine-to-arginine substitution at codon 356 (Gln356Arg) in exon 11 of the BRCA1 gene. The minor (Arg) allele was preferentially transmitted to affected men (p=0.005 for a dominant model), with an estimated odds ratio of 2.25 (95% confidence interval = 1.21 to 4.20). Notably, BRCA1 Gln356Arg is not in strong linkage disequilibrium with other BRCA1 coding SNPs or any known HapMap SNP on chromosome 17. In addition, GIST results suggest that Gln356Arg accounts (in part) for our prior evidence of prostate cancer linkage to chromosome 17q21 (p=0.022). Thus, we have identified a common, non-synonymous substitution in the BRCA1 gene that is associated with and linked to prostate cancer.
Separating signal from noise in wastewater data: An algorithm to identify community-level COVID-19 surges in real time (2023)

Wastewater monitoring has provided health officials with early warnings for new COVID-19 outbreaks, but to date, no approach has been validated to distinguish signal (sustained surges) from noise (background variability) in wastewater data to alert officials to the need for heightened public health response. We analyzed 62 wk of data from 19 sites participating in the North Carolina Wastewater Monitoring Network to characterize wastewater metrics around the Delta and Omicron surges. We found that wastewater data identified outbreaks 4 to 5 d before case data (reported on the earlier of the symptom start date or test collection date), on average. At most sites, correlations between wastewater and case data were similar regardless of how wastewater concentrations were normalized and whether calculated with county-level or sewershed-level cases, suggesting that officials may not need to geospatially align case data with sewershed boundaries to gain insights into disease transmission. Although wastewater trend lines captured clear differences in the Delta versus Omicron surge trajectories, no single wastewater metric (detectability, percent change, or flow-population normalized viral concentrations) reliably signaled when these surges started. After iteratively examining different combinations of these three metrics, we developed the Covid-SURGE (Signaling Unprecedented Rises in Groupwide Exposure) algorithm, which identifies unprecedented signals in the wastewater data. With a true positive rate of 82%, a false positive rate of 7%, and strong performance during both surges and in small and large sites, our algorithm provides public health officials with an automated way to flag community-level COVID-19 surges in real time.
The Effect of Breath Pacing on Task Switching and Working Memory (2020)

The cortical and subcortical circuit regulating both cognition and cardiac autonomic interactions are already well established. This circuit has mainly been analyzed from cortex to heart. Thus, the heart rate variability (HRV) is usually considered a reflection of cortical activity. In this paper, we investigate whether HRV changes affect cortical activity. Short-term local autonomic changes were induced by three breathing strategies: spontaneous (Control), normal (NB) and slow paced breathing (SB). We measured the performance in two cognition domains: executive functions and processing speed. Breathing maneuvres produced three clearly differentiated autonomic states, which preconditioned the cognitive tasks. We found that the SB significantly increased the HRV low frequency (LF) power and lowered the power spectral density (PSD) peak to 0.1[Formula: see text]Hz. Meanwhile, executive function was assessed by the working memory test, whose accuracy significantly improved after SB, with no significant changes in the response times. Processing speed was assessed by a multitasking test. Consistently, the proportion of correct answers (success rate) was the only dependent variable affected by short-term and long-term breath pacing. These findings suggest that accuracy, and not timing of these two cognitive domains would benefit from short-term SB in this study population.
Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 6. Synthesis of (.+-.)-(1.alpha.,4a.alpha.,9a.beta.)-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2-methyl-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-8-ol, an oxide-bridged 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)morphan (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProbes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 6. Synthesis of (.+-.)-(1.alpha.,4a.alpha.,9a.beta.)-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2-methyl-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-8-ol, an oxide-bridged 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)morphanTerrence R. Burke Jr., Arthur E. Jacobson, Kenner C. Rice, and J. V. SilvertonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 13, 2508–2510Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00187a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00187a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mice with Genetic Deletion of Group VIA Phospholipase A 2 β Exhibit Impaired Macrophage Function and Increased Parasite Load in Trypanosoma cruzi-Induced Myocarditis (2016)

Trypanosoma cruzi infection, which is the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is associated with intense inflammation during the acute and chronic phases. The pathological progression of Chagas disease is influenced by the infiltration and transmigration of inflammatory cells across the endothelium to infected tissues, which are carefully regulated processes involving several molecular mediators, including adhesion molecules and platelet-activating factor (PAF). We have shown that PAF production is dependent upon calcium-independent group VIA phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) following infection of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) with T. cruzi, suggesting that the absence of iPLA2β may decrease the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the heart to manage parasite accumulation. Cardiac endothelial cells isolated from iPLA2β-knockout (iPLA2β-KO) mice infected withT. cruzi demonstrated decreased PAF production compared to that by cells isolated from wild-type (WT) mice but demonstrated increases in adhesion molecule expression similar to those seen in WT mice. Myocardial inflammation in iPLA2β-KO mice infected with T. cruzi was similar in severity to that in WT mice, but the iPLA2β-KO mouse myocardium contained more parasite pseudocysts. Upon activation, macrophages from iPLA2β-KO mice produced significantly less nitric oxide (NO) and caused lessT. cruzi inhibition than macrophages from wild-type mice. Thus, the absence of iPLA2β activity does not influence myocardial inflammation, but iPLA2β is essential forT. cruzi clearance.
Residual Flows for Invertible Generative Modeling (2019)

Flow-based generative models parameterize probability distributions through an invertible transformation and can be trained by maximum likelihood. Invertible residual networks provide a flexible family of transformations where only Lipschitz conditions rather than strict architectural constraints are needed for enforcing invertibility. However, prior work trained invertible residual networks for density estimation by relying on biased log-density estimates whose bias increased with the network's expressiveness. We give a tractable unbiased estimate of the log density using a "Russian roulette" estimator, and reduce the memory required during training by using an alternative infinite series for the gradient. Furthermore, we improve invertible residual blocks by proposing the use of activation functions that avoid derivative saturation and generalizing the Lipschitz condition to induced mixed norms. The resulting approach, called Residual Flows, achieves state-of-the-art performance on density estimation amongst flow-based models, and outperforms networks that use coupling blocks at joint generative and discriminative modeling.
Enabling ontology-based document classification and management in ebXML registries (2008)

Document Management Systems (DMSs) are a key component in modern enterprises. For successful document search and retrieval, an adequate metadata set should be defined in order to describe documents with sufficient detail. However, often a single metadata set is not sufficient throughout the whole DMS, as different document types require different attributes to be properly characterized. In this paper, we introduce ontologies as a modeling technology for structured metadata definition within DMSs. Focusing on the ebXML registry standard, we show an approach to enhance DMSs for semantic content management and then we propose a method to exploit this new capability for automated document characterization.
ChemInform Abstract: USE OF PYRIDINIUM CHLOROCHROMATE AS METHYLENE OXIDANT IN 5,6‐DIHYDROPYRANS: A PRACTICAL ONE‐STEP PREPARATION OF THE ANHYDROMEVALONOLACTONE (1984)

Abstract Aus den Dihydropyranen (I) erhält man mit Pyridiniumchlorchromat (II) die Lactone (III), analog werden (IV) und (VI) oxidiert.
Conversion of lignin into a water-soluble polyacid using a MOF catalyst (2023)

A process for valorization of lignin includes the steps of mixing lignin; a MOF catalyst metalated with a metal atom selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, or Ni, and combinations thereof; an oxidizing agent; and an aqueous solvent. The product of this process, a charged polyacid-containing species derived from lignin, may be included in a dispersion with a dispersible particulate material, and an aqueous dispersing medium.
Variations in Apolipoprotein E Frequency With Age in a Pooled Analysis of a Large Group of Older People (2011)

Variation in the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) has been reported to be associated with longevity in humans. The authors assessed the allelic distribution of APOE isoforms ε2, ε3, and ε4 among 10,623 participants from 15 case-control and cohort studies of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in populations of European ancestry (study dates ranged from 1990 to 2009). The authors included only the 10,623 control subjects from these studies who were classified as having no evidence of AMD, since variation within the APOE gene has previously been associated with AMD. In an analysis stratified by study center, gender, and smoking status, there was a decreasing frequency of the APOE ε4 isoform with increasing age (χ(2) for trend = 14.9 (1 df); P = 0.0001), with a concomitant increase in the ε3 isoform (χ(2) for trend = 11.3 (1 df); P = 0.001). The association with age was strongest in ε4 homozygotes; the frequency of ε4 homozygosity decreased from 2.7% for participants aged 60 years or less to 0.8% for those over age 85 years, while the proportion of participants with the ε3/ε4 genotype decreased from 26.8% to 17.5% across the same age range. Gender had no significant effect on the isoform frequencies. This study provides strong support for an association of the APOE gene with human longevity.
Analysis of Early-Time Transient Heat Conduction by Method of Characteristics (1977)

The proposed equations describing early-time one-dimensional heat transfer are hyperbolic with temperature and flux being the dependent variables. The method of characteristics is applied resulting in a solution for the variables as functions of distance and time. A dimensionless parameter δ is introduced which is defined either as the inverse thermal propagation speed or relaxation time. The numerical solution yields explicitness, stability, and accuracy combined with ease of handling time-variable boundary conditions. Examples include predicted response to step inputs of flux or temperature at a surface or interface of materials and illustrate the transition from non-Fourier to Fourier-like diffusion.
Understanding anomalies in animal behaviour: data on cow activity in relation to health and welfare (2022)

We collected data on the behaviour of dairy cows in barns, clinical signs of diseases as well as events that may stress or agitate the cows. A Real-Time Locating System gives the position of individual cows every second. The position of the cow is determined by triangulation based on radio waves emitted by a tag fixed on each cow neck collar and captured by antennas in the barn. The cow’s activity is inferred from its position: ‘eating’ if the cow is positioned at the feeding table, ‘resting’ if the cow is in a resting area (typically cubicles), else ‘in alleys’. We aggregated this information to get the time spent in each activity per hour. We also calculated the activity level of the cow for each hour of the day by attributing a weight to the time spent in each activity. For each cow and day, we collected information on health events or other events that may affect behaviour. There were 11 types of events. Six events were linked to health: lameness; mastitis; LPS (i.e. administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the mammary gland, an experimental treatment to induce udder inflammation); subacute ruminal acidosis; other diseases (such as colic, diarrhoea, ketosis, milk fever or other infectious diseases); and accidents (such as retained placenta or vaginal laceration). Two events were linked to reproduction: oestrus and calving. Three events were stress events: animal mixing, disturbance (i.e. mild intervention on animals such as late feeding, alarm test) and marginal management changes (ration changes, fill bed). In addition, a Boolean sums up whether this hour was considered as normal or not. Data contain four datasets. It consists of univariate time series. Each time series corresponds to the hourly activity level of a cow. Datasets 1 and 2 are from the INRAE Herbipôle experimental farm and include data from experiments; datasets 3 and 4 are from commercial farms. They contain data on respectively 28, 28, 30 and 300 cows monitored for 6 months, 2 months, 40 days and one year. The data can be used to study the links between health, reproduction events and stress on the one hand and cow behaviour on the other hand. More specifically, it can be used to build and test tools for an earlier detection of health and disturbances, with a view to inform caretakers so that corrective actions can be rapidly put in place.
Ultra-Light Amorphous Silicon Cell for Space Applications (2006)

For space applications, solar cells should be optimized for highest power density rather than for highest efficiency. In this context, relatively low efficiency thin-film solar cell may well surpass multi-junction III-V based solar cells if they can be made thin enough. In thin-film solar cells the power density is mostly limited by the substrate. The introduction of ultra-thin polymeric substrates is the key for decreasing the cell mass. In this work, a very thin polyimide film LaRCtrade-CP1 was used as substrate or superstrate for amorphous silicon solar cell fabrication. CP1 films were either fixed on a glass carrier or spin coated onto a glass carrier coated with a release agent. By depositing amorphous silicon cells on 6 mum thick CP1 films, a power density of 2.9 W/g under AM1.5g and of 3.9 W/g (estimated) under AM0 illumination spectra was achieved, in substrate (n-i-p) configuration (for a cell area of ca. 0.25 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). A similar cell deposited in superstate (p-i-n) configuration exhibits a record power density of 3.2 W/g under AM1.5g and an estimated value of 4.3 W/g under AM0 illumination spectra. Release of the finished solar cells from the glass carrier was also tested
Ultrafine Cellulose Nanofiber‐Assisted Physical and Chemical Cross‐Linking of MXene Sheets for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding (2021)

Transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) have shown great potential for constructing thin, high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shields. The challenges with these materials involve the weak interfacial interactions of MXenes, which results in inferior mechanical properties and structure of the MXene films and a conductivity/EMI shielding performance decay related to the poor MXene oxidation stability. Numerous efforts have been devoted to improving the mechanical properties or oxidation stability of the films, which always comes at the expense of EMI shielding performance. Here, ultrafine (≈1.4 nm) cellulose nanofibers are employed to achieve physical and chemical dual cross-linking of MXene (PC-MXene) nanosheets. The procedure involves drying of flexible and highly conductive PC-MXene films at ambient pressure and is energy-efficient and scalable. Compared to the MXene films, the PC-MXene films show significantly improved mechanical strength, hydrophobicity, oxidation stability, and are waterproof, without compromising the excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (SE). Moreover, the freestanding PC-MXene films reach a thickness of merely 0.9 µm and exhibit a high SE of 33.3 dB, which cannot be achieved by pure MXene films. This leads to ultrahigh thickness-specific SE and surface-specific SE values of 37 000 dB mm<sup>-1</sup> and 148 000 dB cm<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> respectively, significantly surpassing those of previously reported MXene-based films.
Design and performance validation of a hybrid offshore renewable energy platform (2015)

The paper presents the state of development of the W2Power hybrid, combining offshore wind and wave energy in a large but lightweight semi-submersible floating platform. Results of design optimisation and proof-of-concept experiments by tank testing are reviewed. Modelled hydrodynamic performance of the floating structure at full scale are compared with results of scaled validation tests in further tank experiments. Business cases for the hybrid are analysed using a simplified cost/revenue model, taking into account both CAPEX, OPEX and lifetime revenues from both wind- and wave-generated electricity.
Establishment of T lymphocyte clone of recipient and analysis on its donor-antigen-specificity (2003)

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the antigen-specificity of the clone after the recipient-against-donor antigen-specific T lymphocytes clones were formed.Methods The recipient rats were immunized by the donor rats′spleencytes,then their T cells were isolated and purified.The T cells were cultured by adding raise cells,ConA or IL-2 at different concentrations and formed the T cell clone in the last.The changes of the ultrastructure,cell multiplication and subgroup of leukemic cells were investigated when the rats were immuned.Results A stable recipient-against-donor antigen-specific T cell clone was established;statistical data also verified that the difference between the immune groups and the comparison group was very significant (tt 0.05).Conclusion Mature T cell is able to proliferate to form clone in a suitable condition.Through stimulating the donor spleen cell antigen specificity the experiment proved that the finally-screened T-cell clone has an antigen-specificity to the donor.
Interleukin-1ß and Caspase-1: Players in the Regulation of Age-related Cognitive Dysfunction (2007)

Scientific research on the unprecedented and growing number of older adults in the United States and other industrialized countries has focused much attention on the health consequences of aging. Over the last few decades, inflammation in the brain and its implication in the progression of aging and age-related cognitive dysfunction has been an area of increasing importance to neuroscientists and is now considered as one of the most interesting and promising topics for aging research. One of the critical aspects of inflammatory processes is that the activation of one upstream inflammatory molecule initiates a cascade of self-sustaining inflammatory events which leads to the activation of a number of different downstream functions. Recently, a great deal of attention has been given to the interplay between inflammatory and apoptotic processes and the regulation of these processes by the caspases. The caspase family of proteases can be divided into proapoptotic and pro-inflammatory members. The present review summarizes recent observations of the interactions between the inflammatory cytokine interleuldn-1 (IL-1) beta and the inflammatory/apoptotic caspase-1 and their involvement in age-related impairments in cognition. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms could potentially lead to the development of preventive or protective therapies that reduce or inhibit the cognitive decline associated with aging and age-related neurodegenerative disease.