gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of task response times in parallel systems (2002)

Generic queuing models of parallel systems with K>or=2 exponential servers, where jobs may be split into K independent tasks, are considered. The queuing of jobs is distributed if each server has its own queue and centralized if there is a common queue. The scheduling of jobs is no splitting if all tasks of a job must run on one processor and splitting if they can run concurrently on different processors. Exact and approximate expressions for the mean response time, T/sub r:K/, of the rth, r=1, 2, . . ., K, departing task in a job are obtained and compared for four models: distributed/splitting, distributed/no splitting, centralized/splitting, and centralized/no splitting. The queuing models are described. Exact and approximate analyses of the various models are presented where expressions are obtained for the mean task response time. The various models are compared and applications in the areas of distributed query processing and parallel systems are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DeepMind: From Games to Scientific Discovery (2021)

It’s a great honor to be awarded the IRI Medal and to join so many luminaries from the past, some of whom are scientific and innovation heroes of mine.Today I’m going to talk about the potential to...
ATM mutations in Finnish breast cancer patients (2002)

In Finland, mutations in the two major breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 1 and BRCA2 2 appear to account for a considerably lower proportion of hereditary breast cancer than in other western European countries.3–5 In addition, the recently identified new susceptibility locus in 13q21 is expected to explain, at most, one quarter of the hereditary predisposition to breast cancer.6 Inherited breast cancer susceptibility may also be the result of mutations in genes associated with certain rare hereditary syndromes, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome7 or ataxia-telangiectasia (AT).8–10

AT is a recessive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from mutations in the ATM gene.11 It is characterised by progressive cerebellar ataxia, telangiectasias, sensitivity to ionising radiation, and immunodeficiencies. Furthermore, owing to ATM involvement in double strand break repair, defects in its protein function cause genetic instability and, as a consequence, an increased risk of cancer. AT patients are especially prone to developing lymphatic and leukaemic malignancies, but also breast cancer. Also AT heterozygotes have an increased risk of developing breast cancer,8, 10 yet a clear discrepancy remains between the epidemiological data and the observed low frequency of ATM mutations in breast cancer patients.12

Recently, Laake et al 13 screened 41 AT families from the Nordic countries for ATM mutations. In seven Finnish AT families included in the study, they observed eight distinct mutations, some of which were recurrent (partly unpublished results).13 Given the fact that many disease related gene defects are clearly enriched in the Finnish population owing to founder effects, genetic drift, and isolation,14 we anticipated that these “Finnish” ATM mutations might also be found in breast cancer patients in Finland, possibly contributing to increased breast cancer susceptibility. Recurrent ATM mutations have been reported in several countries and within many different ethnic groups.9, …
From food waste to innovative bio-based products (2016)

This &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://ec.europa.eu/research/conferences/2016/food2030/index.cfm?pg=workshops"&gt;Workshop&lt;/a&gt; on the use of food waste in the Bioeconomy outlined the potential of food waste streams from food and beverages industry sectors to produce added value bio-based products: food supplements, feed, sustainable nutrients for agriculture, bio-based chemicals, bio-polymers, bio-based food packaging, etc. The outcome of this workshop showed the best use of food waste in boosting a zero-waste circular economy at local level, by reducing resources depletion, and in fostering long-term economic growth. &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://ec.europa.eu/research/conferences/2016/food2030/pdf/w1_report.pdf"&gt;Workshop report&lt;/a&gt;
Systemic Gaseous Microemboli During Left Atrial Catheterization (1996)

FEERICK, A. E.; CHURCH, J. A.; ZWISCHENBERGER, J.; CONTI, V.; JOHNSTON, W. E. Author Information
PREOPERATIVE PLANNING OF ARTHROSCOPIC ACCESS TO THE TALUS WITH COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF THE ANKLE IN FULL PLANTAR FLEXION (2012)

PURPOSE Osteochondral talar defects (OCDs) are sometimes located so far posteriorly that they may not be accessible by anterior arthroscopy, even with the ankle joint in full plantar flexion, because the talar dome is covered by the tibial plafond. It was hypothesized that computed tomography (CT) of the ankle in full plantar flexion could be useful for preoperative planning. The dual purpose of this study was, firstly, to test whether CT of the ankle joint in full plantar flexion is a reliable tool for the preoperative planning of anterior ankle arthroscopy for OCDs, and, secondly, to determine the area of the talar dome that can be reached by anterior ankle arthroscopy. METHODS In this prospective study, CT-scans with sagittal reconstructions were made of 46 consecutive patients with their affected ankle in full plantar flexion. In the first 20, the distance between the anterior border of the OCD and the anterior tibial plafond was measured both on the scans and during anterior ankle arthroscopy as the gold standard. Intra- and interobserver reliability of CT as well as agreement between CT and arthroscopy were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and a Bland and Altman graph. Next, the anterior and posterior borders of the talar dome as well as the anterior tibial plafond were marked on all 46 scans. Using a specially written computer routine, the anterior proportion of the talar dome not covered by the tibial plafond was calculated, both lateral and medial, indicating the accessible area. RESULTS The distance between the anterior border of the OCD and the anterior tibial plafond ranged from −3.1 to 9.1 mm on CT and from −3.0 to 8.5 on arthroscopy. The intra- and interobserver reliability of the measurements made on CT-scans were excellent (ICC > 0.99, p CONCLUSIONS Computed tomography of the ankle joint in full plantar flexion is an accurate preoperative planning method to determine the arthroscopic approach for treatment of OCDs of the talus. Almost half of the talar dome is directly accessible by anterior ankle arthroscopy.
Impacts of Melt Spinning and Element Substitution on Electrochemical Characteristics of the La–Mg–Ni-based A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;B&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt;-Type Alloys (2012)

The partial substitution of Zr for La has been performed in order to ameliorate the electrochemical hydrogen storage performances of La–Mg–Ni based A2B7-type electrode alloys. The melt spinning technology was used to prepare the La0.75-xZrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1 (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) electrode alloys. The impacts of the melt spinning and the substituting La with Zr on the structures and the electrochemical hydrogen storage characteristics of the alloys were systemically investigated. The analysis of XRD and TEM reveals that the as-cast and spun alloys have a multiphase structure, composing of two main phases (La, Mg)2Ni7 and LaNi5 as well as a residual phase LaNi2. The electrochemical measurement indicates that both the substitution of Zr for La and the melt spinning ameliorate the electrochemical cycle stability of the alloys dramatically. Furthermore, the high rate discharge ability (HRD) of the as-spun (10 m/s) alloys notably declines with growing the amount of Zr substitution, while it first augments and then falls for the (x=0.1) alloy with rising the spinning rate.
Strategy for developing transgenic assays for screening antineoplastic drugs that affect tubulin polymerization. (1995)

In this study we evaluated the antitumor efficacy of taxol in four solid tumor models derived from wap-ras line 69 transgenic mice. Taxol inhibited the growth of spontaneous salivary and mammary gland adenocarcinomas in wap-ras mice. In nude mice it was also effective against solid tumors caused by WR21 cells derived from a wap-ras salivary gland tumor. Taxol was not able to prevent tumor emergence in wap-ras/F mice, a subline of the wap-ras strain in which all males develop palpable mammary gland tumors between 1.5 and 3.0 months of age. Our data indicate the range of results that can be expected when this panel of related transgenic tumor models is used to study the antitumor effects of taxol and other therapeutic drugs that act by affecting tubulin polymerization. These models of ras-mediated neoplasia should prove useful for testing anticancer compounds with taxol-like mechanisms of action.
Vibrational behavior of theMn+1AXnphases from first-order Raman scattering(M=Ti,V,Cr,A=Si,X=C,N) (2005)

We report on the Raman spectra of ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{C}}_{2}$ (312), ${M}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}(211)$ ($M=\mathrm{Ti}$, V, Cr, and Nb) and ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{4}\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{N}}_{3}$ (413), as representative compounds from the family of ${M}_{n+1}A{X}_{n}$ phases. Intense and narrow first-order Raman peaks are observed, and we present an analysis of the spectra based on symmetry considerations and from results of first-principles calculations of phonon frequencies. The agreement between experimental and calculated mode energies is excellent. The identification of the modes enables application of Raman scattering as a diagnostic tool for the detailed study of the structural and physical properties of this family of compounds and their engineered solid solutions.
Assessment of Cardiac Recovery in Patients Supported with Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (2022)

We describe a safe, stepwise, bedside weaning protocol to assess cardiac recovery during VA-ECMO. Early identification of patients more likely to recover may improve outcomes during ECMO support.
ACCESSORY RIGHT HEPATIC ARTERY ARISING FROM THE LEFT (1998)

Care should be taken during dissection behind the portal vein bifurcation to exclude an accessory segmental right hepatic artery. If present, the liver may not be suitable for splitting without compromising the right lobe, unless the left hepatic artery can be divided distal to the origin of the accessory vessel.
Self-Assembled Networks Highly Responsive to Hydrocarbons (2006)

Rheological studies were performed with aqueous salt solutions of anionic surfactant potassium oleate and its mixtures with hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide. Semidilute solutions of the surfactant in the presence of salt (KCl) demonstrate viscoelastic properties due to the formation of a transient network of entangled wormlike micelles. These systems are highly responsive to hydrocarbons: the addition of n-heptane or n-dodecane reduces the viscosity of solutions by up to 4 to 5 orders of magnitude, thus inducing the transition of a gellike system to a fluid one. It is the transformation of cylindrical surfactant micelles into spherical ones upon absorption of hydrocarbon that disrupts the network. The addition of a small amount (0.5 wt %) of associating polymer leads to up to a 5000-fold increase in the zero-shear viscosity and enhances the susceptibility to hydrocarbons. SANS data show that independently of the presence of polymer the radius of wormlike micelles is roughly equal to the length of a surfactant molecule, whereas the radius of spheres formed upon the absorption of hydrocarbon is 2-2.5-fold higher. A possible structure of the spherical micelles is discussed.
A case-study of fattening pigs in Belgian contract farming. Mortality, efficiency of food utilization and carcass value of growing pigs, in relation to environmental engineering and control (1984)

ABSTRACT Mortality, efficiency of food utilization and carcass value of growing pigs were investigated in relation to engineering and control of the house environment. Data originated from contract farms and were made available by the Belgian Farmers' Association. The following parameters were investigated by means of analysis of variance and covariance: food conversion ratio, mortality, emergency slaughter rate and carcass values. Data were classified according to characteristics of the heating, air inlet and air outlet systems of the pig houses. Within the limitations of our project, the expected favourable effect of heating on mortality and efficiency of food utilization of growing pigs depended on the construction and the functioning of the air inlet and outlet systems. Pigs fattened in houses with mechanical ventilation had a higher proportion of carcasses in the higher carcass grades. Seasonal effects were observed with respect to mortality rate, emergency slaughter rate and efficiency of food utilization. Differences between food conversion ratio with respect to heating and no-heating were comparable with those between summer and winter conditions. Hence the seasonal influence was not completely buffered by the housing conditions.
Desorption in Ammonia Manufacture from Stranded Wind Energy (2020)

Ammonia made with hydrogen from sustainable wind energy can be separated from unreacted hydrogen and nitrogen by absorption in magnesium chloride. The absorption is rapid, but desorption can be slower. This work shows that the mechanism of desorption involves two steps: (i) decomposition of ammines to make ammonia and (ii) solid-state diffusion of the produced NH3. With current absorbents, the diffusion step is usually controlling. These experiments suggest the best operating conditions for a pilot scale, wind-powered ammonia separation and provide a strategy for improving the metal-chloride absorbent.
Use of Normal Pulse Voltammetry in Diagnosing Electrode Kinetics of Octacyanomolybdate(IV/V) Complexes Bound Electrostatically to Graphite Electrodes Coated with Polyelectrolytes (1983)

Abstract An electron transfer process of [Mo(CN)8]4−⁄3− redox couple at the graphite electrode/protonated poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) interfaces was examined by the normal pulse voltammetry. It became apparent that electrode reaction of the electroactive species confined in the polymer film on electrode surface obeys the conventional Butler-Volmer equation which characterizes the ordinary electrode reaction at electrode/solution interface. From the analysis of the dependences of the current-potential curves upon the sampling time the relevant kinetic parameters (i.e., the standard rate constant, k° and the transfer coefficient, α) of the electrode reaction were evaluated. The value of k° decreased from 9.7×10−4 to 1.7×10−4 cm s−1 and the value of α was almost constant (0.50), when the molar ratio of the incorporated [Mo(CN)8]4− to pyridine group of the PVP film, ΓM⁄ΓPVP, was increased from 0.0025 to 0.22. The apparent diffusion coefficient, Dapp, for the process of charge transport within the film was also determined from the dependence of the limiting current upon the sampling time. The value of Dapp decreased from 4.4×10−8 to 2.5×10−9 cm2 s−1, when the ratio ΓM/ΓPVP was increased from 0.0025 to 0.22.
Importance of Dissolved Methane Management When Anaerobically Treating Low-Strength Wastewaters (2016)

This review indicates that although anaerobic treatment has the advantage of methane energy production, release of effluent dissolved methane into the atmosphere results in unwanted greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Reported concentrations of dissolved methane are 8 – 40 mg/L, accounting for about half of the total methane production from the treatment of low strength wastewaters. The dissolved fraction of the methane produced is affected by several factors such as reactor type, influent organic concentration, hydraulic retention time (HRT), solids retention time (SRT), temperature, influent sulfate concentration, and reactor mixing conditions. In addition, oversaturation with methane is typical for reactors without membranes or when operated at short HRT. If dissolved methane is not recovered, GHG emissions from anaerobic treatment could be much greater than that from conventional activated sludge treatment. The recovery of dissolved methane is essential in order to enhance energy production as well as to reduce GHG emissions when anaerobically treating for low strength wastewater.
How to choose cationics for fabric softeners (1983)

Abstract The choice of a cationic fabric softener for rinse, wash and dryer cycle applications is based upon an understanding of the physical and performance differences of the softeners. These differences are primarily governed by composition of fatty alkyl groups rather than differences in chemical types. In general, the more saturated alkyl fatty groups make softeners more difficult to handle and disperse but are the best for softening fabric. Unsaturation improves handling, rewet, and ease of formulation.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Cancer-Associated Adipose Tissue Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Paracrine Oncostatin M and Jak/STAT3 Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Western blot analysis of Y705 and S727 pSTAT3, STAT3, (p)Akt, pS6K, (p)Erk1/2 in MCF-7 cells treated for 48h with rhOSM (1ng/ml) and an Akt-inhibitor or Mek-inhibitor at the indicated concentrations.&lt;/p&gt;
KCNQ-Encoded Potassium Channels as Therapeutic Targets (2017)

K<sub>v</sub>7 channels are voltage-gated potassium channels encoded by KCNQ genes that have a considerable physiological impact in many cell types. This reliance upon K<sub>v</sub>7 channels for normal cellular function, as well as the existence of hereditary disorders caused by mutations to KCNQ genes, means that pharmacological targeting of these channels has broad appeal. Consequently, a plethora of chemical entities that modulate K<sub>v</sub>7 channel activity have been developed. Moreover, K<sub>v</sub>7 channels are influenced by many disparate intracellular mediators and trafficking processes, making upstream targeting an appealing prospect for therapeutic development. This review covers the main characteristics of these multifunctional and versatile channels with the aim of providing insight into the therapeutic value of targeting these channels.
Use of modern ion exchange resins for removing radionuclides using a German PWR reactor as an example (2010)

Results from a study of reactor water treatment using different ion-exchange resins are presented.
Corrosion of Epoxy- and Polymer/Zinc-Coated Rebar in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution (2009)

This work is an initial examination of mechanistic issues on the comparative corrosion performance of regular epoxy-coated rebar (ECR) and dual polymer-zinc-coated reinforcement (DCR) in simulated concrete pore solution with and without chloride ions, at polarizations from 100 mV to –1,000 mV in the saturated calomel electrode (SCE) scale and exposure periods of 1 month or longer. Both materials had intentional coating breaks exposing the base steel. Polymer adhesion degradation of DCR relative to the as-received condition was comparable to, or less than, that experienced by ECR under both anodic and cathodic polarization and with and without chloride ions. Both DCR and ECR experienced severe corrosion at breaks under strong anodic polarization with chloride ions, but distress for DCR was significantly less than for ECR. Under open-circuit conditions DCR experienced an initial high-activity period both in the presence and absence of chloride ions after which the open-circuit potential (OCP) stabilized to ~ –400 mVSCE, and the exposed steel remained free of corrosion in either environment. In contrast, ECR in the presence of chlorides developed more negative OCP and visible corrosion. After the initial period of high activity, OCP consumption of the zinc exposed at the defect rim proceeded at a very low rate, both in the presence or absence of chloride ions. In the absence of chloride ions and under medium to strong cathodic polarization, DCR showed cathodic current (and hence an ability to support corrosion macrocells with through-the-steel defects) no greater than that for ECR.
An extended steepness model for leg-size determination based on Dachsous/Fat trans-dimer system (2014)

What determines organ size has been a long-standing biological question. Lawrence et al. (2008) proposed the steepness hypothesis suggesting that the protocadherin Dachsous/Fat (Ds/Ft) system may provide some measure of dimension to the cells in relation to the gradient. In this paper we extended the model as a means of interpreting experimental results in cricket leg regeneration. We assumed that (1) Ds/Ft trans-heterodimers or trans-homodimers are redistributed during cell division, and (2) growth would cease when a differential of the dimer across each cell decreases to a certain threshold. We applied our model to simulate the results obtained by leg regeneration experiments in a cricket model. The results were qualitatively consistent with the experimental data obtained for cricket legs by RNA interference methodology. Using our extended steepness model, we provided a molecular-based explanation for leg size determination even in intercalary regeneration and for organ size determination.
Implementation, identification, and adaptation of Preisach like hysteresis models (2013)

The extended generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii model (XGPI) of hysteresis has a wide applicability, partly because of its capability of modelling highly asymmetric hystereses. For a given parameterization, it is typically identified using non-linear least squares optimization with concomitant problems of convergence, dependence on initial parameter guess and local minima. The parameterization itself is in general not found analytically, but is based on experience and trial and error. Here, we study the uniqueness properties of the XGPI model, and describe a method for convex identification of the model, which is particularly useful for finding a close to optimal parameterization, including a nominal parameter vector, which can be essential for calibration of hysteretic sensors and actuators in serial production.The method is applied for finding parameterizations of XGPI models for three physical systems and their inverses, and the results are compared to other hysteresis models. In particular, it is shown that the exponential weight function is close to optimal in these models.It is well known that the GPI model is a restriction of the Preisach model of hysteresis. For a better understanding of this connection, an explicit relation is derived, and we also give a general implementation and parametric identification scheme for the two models. This scheme is based on the classical implementation scheme based on Everett integrals, but with a slight modification to handle hysteresis which is not completely saturated on the input interval.The main application is a magnetoelastic torque sensor in a vehicle application, and 4 copies of the sensor are considered here. It is illustrated how small amounts of data can be used for satisfying identification results. A recursive model identification scheme is derived, which is applied to adapt the inverse sensor models based on zero torque indications, to make them more robust against wear and aging. Based on experimential data, it is illustrated that for a particular application, the effects of wear and aging can essentially be eliminated using the method.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Refrigeration: Phase Transitions, Itinerant Magnetism and Spin Fluctuations (2012)

Abstract Review: emphasis on intermetallics based on La(Fe,Si) 13 ; 31 refs.
Cell Scaffolds with Three-Dimensional Order: The Role of Modelling in Establishing Design Guidelines (2005)

The architectural uniformity of highly ordered cell scaffolds with inverted colloidal crystal geometry is exploited by modelling the movement of cells and nutrients in the scaffold using Brownian dynamics simulations. The extent of cell–scaffold interaction and the diffusion of the cells in the scaffold are explicitly examined. A procedure to identify a suitable region in the available design space is suggested and evaluated against earlier experimental observations.