gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pressure on Interband Reflectivity Spectra of Germanium and Related Semiconductors (1967)

The pressure dependences of the position of peaks occurring between 2 and 5 eV in the reflectivity spectra of Ge, Si, GaSb, InSb, InAs, and GaP have been measured to 10 kbar, and the results taken to give the pressure coefficient of energy separations corresponding to direct interband transitions. Seven peaks between 2 and 3 eV, members of ${E}_{1}$, ${E}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ doublets associated with ${{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{3}}^{v}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{1}}^{c}$ transitions, shift to higher energy at rates between +6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${0}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ and +9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ eV/bar. No pressure dependence of ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$, the spin-orbit splitting of the ${{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{3}}^{v}$ valence band, was found within the experimental accuracy of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ eV/bar. The dominant ${E}_{2}$ peak near 4 eV has a pressure coefficient of about +6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ eV/bar for Ge, GaSb, and InSb, and +3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ eV/bar for Si. The peaks at 3.4 eV in Si and 3.7 eV in GaP possess coefficients of +5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ and +6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ eV/bar, respectively. The addition of these data to earlier results on the pressure dependences of energy separations in this family of semiconductors modifies and extends a previously noted correlation between transition type and pressure coefficient. A comparison of the measured coefficients with recently reported calculations reveals considerable agreement, with the discrepancies suggesting that a reinterpretation is required for the ${E}_{2}$ peaks and, especially, for the peak at 3.4 eV in Si.
Catalytic conversions of dialkyl disulfides (2008)

The results of the studies of catalytic conversions of lower dialkyl disulfides performed at the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis (Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences) are summarized. The selective hydrogenolysis of dimethyl and diethyl disulfides with the formation of alkanethiols occurs in a hydrogen medium on transition metal sulfides. Dimethyl disulfide turns into dimethyl sulfide in an inert gas medium on oxide catalysts with acid and basic sites on their surface. Lower dialkyl disulfides are dehydrocyclized to thiophene under the action of sulfide catalysts. In an oxygen medium on the metal oxides and salts, diethyl disulfide and a lower disulfide concentrate are selectively oxidized to form alkanethiolsulfinates, alkanethiolsulfonates, and alkanesulfonic acids.
Model of the electrochemical conversion of an undoped organic semiconductor film to a doped conductor film (2010)

We develop a model describing the electrochemical conversion of an organic semiconductor (specifically, the active material in a light-emitting electrochemical cell) from the undoped nonconducting state to the doped conducting state. The model, an extended Nernst-Planck-Poisson model, takes into account both strongly concentration-dependent mobility and diffusion for the electronic charge carriers and the Nernst equation in the doped conducting regions. The standard Nernst-Planck-Poisson model is shown to fail in its description of the properties of the doping front. Solving our extended model numerically, we demonstrate that doping front progression in light-emitting electrochemical cells can be accurately described.
Supplementary Table 1 from Dietary Fish Oil Promotes Colonic Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Proton Leak in Oxidatively Stressed Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 84K&lt;/p&gt;
Seamless Soft Handoff in Wireless Battlefield Networks using Local and Remote LFAPs (2007)

We propose an innovative distributed agent-based architecture for a seamless multi-layer soft handoff protocol in wireless battlefield networks. Our architecture utilizes a proactive "make before break" approach by introducing the concept of pre-computed remote Loop-Free Alternate Paths (rLFAPs) on top of local LFAPs proposed by the IETF IP Fast-Reroute (IPFRR) framework. Each router pre-computes a set of local and remote LFAPs which are maintained for protecting against adjacent and remote failures within multi-hop neighborhoods, respectively. Local LFAPs provide fast handoff while rLFAPs provide redundancy in case local LFAPs for a particular failure are not available. In the worst case, where IPFRR results in forming micro-loops due to inconsistent topology views of different routers, our solution completely prevents micro-loops for single failures and quickly converges to a loop-free path in case of multiple failures.
ChemInform Abstract: IODINATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN THE PRESENCE OF SILVER TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE (1977)

Abstract In Gegenwart von Ag‐trifluormethansulfonat in Chloroform lassen sich aromatische Verbindungen mit J2 jodieren, wie z.B. Benzol zu Jodbenzol ( Ausbeute 100°C), Anisol zu p‐Jod‐anisol (45%), ogma‐Trifluor‐toluol zum m‐Jod‐Derivat ( 100%), Nitrobenzol (bei 150°C ohne Lösungsmittel) zu m‐Jod‐nitrobenzol (45% in bezug auf das Ag‐Salz) und Thiophen (bei 0°C) zu 2‐Jod‐thiophen (70%).
Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Trajectory Design in Wireless UAV Networks (2020)

In this paper, the design of an optimal trajectory for an energy-constrained drone operating in dynamic network environments is studied. In the considered model, a drone base station (DBS) is dispatched to provide uplink connectivity to ground users whose demand is dynamic and unpredictable. In this case, the DBS's trajectory must be adaptively adjusted to satisfy the dynamic user access requests. To this end, a metalearning algorithm is proposed in order to adapt the DBS's trajectory when it encounters novel environments, by tuning a reinforcement learning (RL) solution. The meta-learning algorithm provides a solution that adapts the DBS in novel environments quickly based on limited former experiences. The meta-tuned RL is shown to yield a faster convergence to the optimal coverage in unseen environments with a considerably low computation complexity, compared to the baseline policy gradient algorithm. Simulation results show that, the proposed meta-learning solution yields a 25% improvement in the convergence speed, and about 10% improvement in the DBS' communication performance, compared to a baseline policy gradient algorithm. Meanwhile, the probability that the DBS serves over 50% of user requests increases about 27%, compared to the baseline policy gradient algorithm.
Semantic Boundary Detection With Reinforcement Learning for Continuous Sign Language Recognition (2020)

Sign language recognition (SLR) is a significant and promising technique to facilitate the communication for the hearing-impaired people. In this paper, we are dedicated to weakly supervised continuous SLR, where for each sign video, there are only ordered gloss labels without temporal boundary along frames. To explicitly align video frames to the sign words in a sign video, we propose a novel semantic boundary detection method based on reinforcement learning for accurate continuous SLR. In our approach, we first propose a multi-scale perception scheme to learn discriminative representation for video clips. Then, we formulate the semantic boundary detection as a reinforcement learning problem. We define the state as the feature representation of a video segment, and the action as the determination of the semantic boundary's location. The reward is computed by the quantitative performance metric between the prediction sentence and the ground truth sentence. The policy network is trained with a policy gradient algorithm. Extensive experiments are conducted on CSL Split II and RWTH-PHOENIX-Weather 2014 datasets, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our method.
Postprandial Mononuclear NF-κB Activation is Independent of the AGE-content of a Single Meal (2006)

Postprandial mononuclear NF-kappaB activation after a single meal is independent of the AGE-content of the ingested protein.
Thermal response of integrated circuit input devices to an electrostatic energy pulse (1987)

The thermal response to an electro static discharge (ESD) pulse in silicon is presented and discussed using the three-dimensional heat equation and a set of boundary conditions that physically simulate the behavior of input protection mechanisms commonly used in integrated circuits. Waveforms that vary exponentially and linearly in time are quantitatively analyzed for a spatially localized hot spot and for an even distribution of heat along a circular periphery. The results confirm recent observations that deviation from the smooth and slow exponential waveform due to parasitic oscillations and coupling is a major cause of ESD related damage.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Associated with Improved Breast Cancer Survival-A Nationwide Cohort Study from Finland (2020)

Background: Breast cancer incidence has been associated with hypertension, which might worsen disease prognosis, but few nationwide studies have investigated the association between antihypertensive drug use and breast cancer prognosis. Methods: A cohort of 73,170 women diagnosed with breast cancer during 1995–2013 identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry was combined with information on antihypertensive drug use during the same time period from a national prescription database. Antihypertensive drugs were analyzed in groups categorized by mechanism of action. Usage of antihypertensive drugs, statins, antidiabetic, and anticoagulative drugs was analyzed as time-dependent exposure to model for simultaneous use of multiple drug groups. Influence of protopathic bias was evaluated in lag-time analyses. Results: In prediagnostic use, only angiotensin receptor (ATR)-blockers were associated with decreased risk of breast cancer death as compared with nonusers (HR: 0.76, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.69–0.82), and there was an inverse association with cumulative dose of use. Postdiagnostic use of ATR-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium-channel blockers was dose dependently associated with better breast cancer survival compared with nonusers. The risk decrease was strongest for ATR-blockers (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.63–0.75) and remained for exposures occurring up to 3 years earlier. Conclusions: Only ATR-blockers were associated with improved breast cancer survival in both prediagnostic and postdiagnostic use. The association was dose dependent and supported by a biological rationale as a causal explanation. In postdiagnostic use, similar reduction was found also for other antihypertensives, supporting a prognostic role of hypertension control. Impact: Inhibition of angiotensin receptor subtype 1 (AT1) could be a promising novel way to affect breast cancer progression.
Puppy acquisition: factors associated with acquiring a puppy under eight weeks of age and without viewing the mother (2020)

Targeting interventions towards identified owners who are more likely to acquire a puppy against current recommendations could help reduce these types of acquisitions.
Design of the Pan‐STARRS telescopes (2004)

Abstract Pan‐STARRS, the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System, is a project by the Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, to first develop a single wide field synoptic survey telescope (Pan‐STARRS‐1) followed by a system of four such telescopes. It is designed to accomplish many of the science goals envisioned by the Decadal Review for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). The primary mission of Pan‐STARRS is the detection of potentially hazardous asteroids (PHA), secondary science objectives are a (nearly) all‐sky survey, a medium‐deep survey, an ultra‐deep survey, and studies of transients and variable objects. This paper presents the current status of the telescope system design, with emphasis on the optics. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Development of Severe Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia due to Anti-HPA-1a Antibodies Is Correlated to MaternalABOGenotypes (2011)

The risk of severe neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti-HPA-1a antibodies is correlated to maternal ABO types, and this study indicates that the observation is due to genetic properties on the maternal side.
Relationship between radical intensity and biological activity of cacao husk extracts. (1999)

The relationship between radical intensity and biological activity of cacao husk extracts was investigated. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy demonstrated that the radical intensity of hexane, acetone, methanol and 70% methanol extracts increased with water-solubility. Several fractions of these husk extracts, separated by different column chromatographies, significantly inhibited the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in parallel with their radical intensity. However, their cytotoxic activity against human leukemic and carcinoma cell lines is not always correlated with their radical intensity. Water-soluble and lipophilic compounds might induce cytotoxic activity by different mechanisms.
Focus on test, measurement, and data acquisition (2018)

According to Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, its IRSpirit Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectrophotometer offers exceptional functionality for its size and high reliability in contaminant analyses, identification tests, and quantitative measurements. The design allows access from two sides, and the sample compartment is the widest of any compact FTIR spectrometer. The IRSpirit accommodates existing Shimadzu and third-party accessories, such as attenuated total reflectance and diffuse reflectance, and transmission accessories, such as a potassium bromide pellet holder. A sealed interferometer protects the beamsplitter from air and moisture. The IRSpirit comes with the IR Pilot analysis assistant program, an identification test program, and a contaminant analysis program.
Individualized Knowledge Graph (2017)

We present here a vision of individualized Knowledge Graphs (iKGs) in cardiovascular medicine: a modern informatics platform of exchange and inquiry that comprehensively integrates biological knowledge with medical histories and health outcomes of individual patients. We envision that this could transform how clinicians and scientists together discover, communicate, and apply new knowledge.
Civilian American and European Surface Anthropometry Resource (CAESAR), Final Report. Volume 1. Summary (2002)

Abstract : The Civilian Americana and European Surface Anthropometry Resource (CAESAR) project was a survey of the civilian populations of three countries representing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries: The United States of America (USA), The Netherlands, and Italy (Robinette et al. 1999, Robinette 2000). One site in Ottawa, Canada was added to the USA sample and it is henceforth referred to as the North American sample. The survey was carried out by the U.S. Air Force, with the of 1) the contractor, Sytronics Inc., 2) The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3) the subcontractor D'Appolonia in Italy, and 4) a consortium of companies under the umbrella of the Society of automotive Engineers (SAB).
The adenovirus-inducible factor E2F stimulates transcription after specific DNA binding. (1989)

The promoter-specific factor E2F interacts with critical regulatory sequences within the adenovirus E2 promoter. In addition, the level of active factor increases markedly during a virus infection, dependent on E1A function and coincident with the trans activation of E2 transcription. We have purified the E2F factor through a combination of standard biochemical procedures and DNA affinity chromatography. The purified factor was a single polypeptide of 54,000 molecular weight, as determined by UV crosslinking and renaturation of gel-fractionated protein. Addition of affinity-purified factor to an in vitro transcription system resulted in stimulation of transcription from a promoter containing two E2F-binding sites but not promoters lacking binding sites. We thus conclude that E2F is indeed capable of stimulating transcription once it has bound to the promoter.
LAVA DOME CHANGES DETECTION AT AGUNG MOUNTAIN DURING HIGH LEVEL OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY USING UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY (2019)

Abstract. Lava dome changes detection during increasingly high volcanic activity are essential for hazard assessment purposes. However, it is challenging to conduct direct field measurement due to safety reason. Here, we investigate the lava dome changes of Mount Agung in Indonesia during the highest level of volcanic activity. On 22 September 2017, the rumbling and seismic activity in this volcano started increasing to the highest level for a period of time. We afterwards collected image data at lava dome area by using UAV over this time period. To accomplish the goal of change detection, we assembled and developed a fixed-wing UAV platform, i.e. Buffalo FX-79 to acquire images of Mount Agung whose elevation is roughly 3,142 m above sea level. We acquired the UAV images on two dates, i.e. Oct 19 and Oct 21 of 2017. Due to an exclusion zone surround the volcano, we could only operate the UAV at 20 km distance from the crater. With these data set, we produced three-dimensional point clouds, high-resolution Digital Elevation Model and orthophoto by using Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi View Stereo (SfM-MVS) technique with Photoscan Pro software. From orthophoto data, we found two fluid areas at the crater's surface in NE direction (4,375.9 sq-m) and SE direction (3,749.8 sq-m). We also detected a fumarole which emitted steam and gases in the eastern part that continued for several days. In order to reveal the changes in lava dome surface, we used DEM to create cross-section profile. After that, we applied cloud to cloud comparison (C2C) algorithm to calculate the difference of lava dome based on two data set of point clouds and compared it with interferometric result from Sentinel-1A data. The data from the Sentinel-1A satellite (15 Oct – 27 Oct 2017) were processed to obtain the interferogram image of Mount Agung. This research therefore demonstrates a potential method to detect lava dome changes during high level of volcanic activity with photogrammetric methods by using UAV images. Within only two days the data were successfully acquired. From the DEM data and cross-section profile between two data set, we noticed that no significant surface change was found around the lava dome surface. Moreover, we also found that there was no significant lava dome changes and vertical displacement during these two time periods as the point cloud comparison and distance result. The average of difference distance is 2.27 cm with a maximal and minimal displacement of 255 cm and 0.37 cm respectively. This result was then validated by using InSAR Sentinel that showed small displacement, i.e 6.88 cm. It indicated that UAV photogrammetry showed a good performance to detect surface changes in centimeter fraction.
An Online Early-Warning Method for Wind Swing Discharge of the Conductor Toward the Tangent Tower and Jumper Toward the Strain Tower (2014)

In recent years, accidents involving wind swing discharge occur on transmission lines frequently, and have affected the operational security and the power-supply reliability seriously. Since the preventive measures for wind swing discharge are expensive and difficult to implement and other factors, it is hard to avoid the trip-out accidents due to wind swing discharge. Therefore, an online early-warning method based on meteorological information for wind swing discharge is proposed from the perspective of operation. Starting with the side-phase conductor of the tangent tower and jumper of strain tower, which are common and prone to raise accidents of wind swing discharge and based on meteorological forecasting information, the wind swing angle of the suspension insulator string is calculated, then the minimum air gap between line and tower is determined through introducing a 2-D Descartes coordinate system into the tower model. At last, the comparison with designed minimum air gap is conducted to obtain warning results and release warning information. Moreover, considering the rainfall will reduce the discharge voltage of the air gap, a correction factor of rainfall is introduced to revise the designed minimum air gap to make the warning more accurate Finally, the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are verified by sample analysis.
New Promising Compounds with in Vitro Nanomolar Activity againstTrypanosoma cruzi (2013)

The antiparasitic activity of azole and new 4-aminopyridine derivatives has been investigated. The imidazoles 1 and 3-5 showed a potent in vitro antichagasic activity with IC50 values in the low nanomolar concentration range. The (S)-1, (S)-3, and (S)-5 enantiomers showed (up to) a thousand-fold higher activity than the reference drug benznidazole and furthermore low cytotoxicity on rat myogenic L6 cells.
Cross-layer congestion and contention control for wireless ad hoc networks (2006)

We consider joint congestion and contention control for multihop wireless ad hoc networks, where the goal is to find optimal end-to-end source rates at the transport layer and per-link persistence probabilities at the medium access control (MAC) layer to maximize the aggregate source utility. The primal formulation of this problem is non-convex and non-separable. Under certain conditions, by applying appropriate transformations and introducing new variables, we obtain a decoupled and dual-decomposable convex formulation. For general nonlogarithmic concave utilities, we develop a novel dual-based distributed algorithm using the subgradient method. In this algorithm, sources at the transport layer adjust their log rates to maximize their net benefits, while links at the MAC layer select transmission probabilities proportional to their conceived contribution to the system reward. The two layers are connected and coordinated by link prices. Our solutions enjoy the benefits of cross-layer optimization while maintaining the simplicity and modularity of the traditional layered architecture.
Photoactive Liposomal Formulation of PVP-Conjugated Chlorin e6 for Photodynamic Reduction of Atherosclerotic Plaque (2019)

Due to the excellent physical and pharmacokinetic properties and selectivity for macrophages, the novel liposomal formulation of Photolon is a promising therapeutic candidate for use in arteriosclerosis treatment when targeting macrophages but not accompanying vascular tissue is critical for effective and safe therapy.
Error resilience techniques for MPEG-2 compressed video signal (1994)

The paper introduces error indication and detection mechanisms supported by the MPEG-2 video and systems specifications. The error characteristics and the impact of errors on video bitstreams are analysed. The last part of the paper describes various error concealment methods that can be used to reduce visibility of the lost data elements. All methods presented are verified via software simulations. The scope is limited to one-layer (non-hierarchical) systems but most of the methods can be applied to any MPEG-2 encoded bitstream.
No association between vitamin D and β‐cell autoimmunity in Finnish and Estonian children (2014)

These findings do not support a crucial role of circulating 25(OH)D as a regulator of β-cell autoimmunity or FOXP3 expression.