gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of a Hybrid PET (HyPET) Detector for Prostate Cancer Imaging (2021)

The goal of this project is to develop hybrid PET (HyPET) detector technology that will enable moderate cost, high resolution, prostate specific PET imaging. The optimism for an imaging based prostate cancer (PCa) biomarker is being driven by the development of highly targeted PET tracers for PCa cells. Monte Carlo simulations and a mixed data-type weighted least squares (MDT-WLS) image reconstruction algorithm will be used to investigate the imaging performance of different hybrid PET detector systems. HyPET detectors will consist of a front detector optimized for coincidence timing performance (TOF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">HiRes</inf> ) and a rear detector optimized for spatial resolution, depth of interaction (DOI) positioning and detection efficiency. The MDT-WLS software uses the TOF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">HiRes</inf> data to reconstruct an image prior that is then used as a preconditioner for reconstructing the front-back and back-back coincidence events. Detector performance characteristics were modeled based upon experimentally measured performance results. Front detector designs included discrete crystal arrays composed of 3x3x5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> or 1x1x3(5) mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> LYSO crystals coupled to monolithic MPPC arrays. Back layer detector designs included monolithic crystals with 5, 7.5, 10 or 15 mm thick. The monolithic crystal detectors were characterized for spatial resolution, DOI resolution and timing resolution. A 28 cm diameter cylindrical phantom with a prostate-sized (i.e., 4x3 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ellipse by 2 cm tall) insert was simulated. In addition, a set of six 2 mm diameter spheres and a set of six 3 mm diameter spheres each arranged in a triangular matrix within the prostate phantom was used to assess the image resolution and contrast to noise ratio between the spheres and background prostate uptake. The contrast ratios between sphere and prostate, and prostate and background were 10 and 2, respectively. Initial images were reconstructed. The tools are now in place for optimization of a dedicated prostate PET camera.
Interference Between Television Signals due to Intermodulation in Receiver Front-Ends (2005)

With the introduction of Digital Television Broadcasting (DTV) the use of UHF Taboo channels and the first adjacent channels plus those already allotted to a community has become necessary due to spectrum scarcity. Most of the UHF Taboos are due to nonlinear interference mechanisms, which were, and still are characteristic of consumer receivers. Those mechanisms result in third and higher odd-order Intermodulation products some of which fall in the desired TV channel. Crossmodulation is a lesser problem than Intermodulation. Broadcasters need to understand these interference mechanisms to minimize their loss of service area. This knowledge may help them in choosing the future channel they will use for DTB broadcasting. This paper attempts to quantify these interference problems.
Association of Treatment Strategies and Tumor Characteristics With Overall Survival Among Patients With Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (2023)

This retrospective single-institution study found that lower tumor stage, younger age, and the ability to receive definitive or adjuvant RT were associated with improved OS in patients with ATC.
Max Planck School of Photonics: Developing Curriculum and Outreach Measures for a Network of Excellence (2021)

The Max Planck School of Photonics is an interdisciplinary graduate school in Germany providing an integrated MSc and PhD program for international students. Aspects of curriculum development and outreach measures will be presented and discussed.
Resident Involvement in Shoulder Arthroscopy Is Not Associated With Short-term Risk to Patients (2018)

Resident involvement in shoulder arthroscopy was not associated with increased risk of adverse events, increased operative time, or readmission within 30 days. The results of this study suggest that resident involvement in shoulder arthroscopy cases is a safe method for trainees to learn these procedures.
Improving Data Management with Systems Integration and Next Generation Data Flow (2012)

EDC systems and other automation systems have become ubiquitous, creating an inherent need to connect multiple systems in order to maximize investments in technology. Managing the data flow between these systems may be daunting to both new and experienced study designers; and determining the correct questions to ask when designing a highly integrated study is not intuitive. This presentation will identify key decisions necessary when planning a study that will integrate IVRS data, EDC data and ePRO data and compare benefits / risks of designing data flow between systems. Additionally, the technological innovations make it possible to move electronic data to the cloud, bringing new possibilities, efficiencies and scalability. With the new possibilities come new challenges, namely: how do we keep the data safe, secure, and protect the privacy of patients in this brave new world. The speaker will discuss considerations and next steps to prepare data for the cloud.
Soil Plug Behavior of Piles in Sand (1990)

Abstract It has been proposed by Randolph (2) that granular soil plugs in open ended pipe piles can develop much greater resistances than allowed in present design (3). A simple mathematical model extending Randolph's concept to include load deformation behavior was developed and checked against more sophisticated numerical solutions. A series of small scale laboratory tests and a large scale field test were conducted to verify the model predictions. A "lock up" phenomenon wasexperimentally confirmed and the simplified model was validated. Additional work is needed to explore remaining questions, particularly rate effects and cyclic loading. Introduction In an open-ended pipe pile loaded to failure, either the full end bearing at the pile tip will be mobilized or the soil plug will slip. Whichever is the weakest component will determine the mechanism. Conventional design practice (3) is to estimate the internal plug resistance using the same unit shear components used for external shaft resistance. This is a reasonable approach inmany cases, but in relatively free draining and/or strongly dilative soils or for very slow loading it may be overly conservative. Randolph (2) has shown that a soil plug can have much greater capacity than conventional prediction methods suggest. In the present study Randolph's basic idea was investigated both analytically and experimentally. The theory was extended to include load-deformation predictions using a simple one dimensional model. Analytical verification of the model was carried out using finite element analysis. In addition, a series of laboratory tests was conducted using three inch diameter pipes with sand plugs. Finally, large scale tests were carried out using an eighteen- inch diameter prototype pile with asand plug. The results of these studies are detailed below. Ultimate Plug Capacity Consider the schematic diagram in Fig. 1 showing a differential element of the soil plug. Several simplifications are made. Most importantly, the vertical stress, ?, is assumed uniform across the cross section and the failure (or slip) shear stress at the pile wall is proportional to the vertical stress, i. e, r-?. The form of the constant of proportionality, ? is discussed later. Theassumed stress state is not rigorously correct; for example there are no complementary shear stresses on the horizontal plane, but as will be shown it is a good approximation. Summing forces on the differential element leads to the simple differential equation(Mathematical Equation)(Available In Full Paper) In all cases the simple theory under predicts (is more conservative than) the more rigorous FEM. The finite element results showed clearly that near the plug base the mean stress tended to build up near the pile wall, thus deviating from the one-dimensional assumption. This effect was more pronounced in the higher capacity plugs. The greatesterrors occurred for situations where the wall friction was the greatest. On the other hand these comparisons should be judged in light of the high sensitivity of the solution (exponential behavior) to minor variation in parameters.
Platelet activation by CD9 monoclonal antibodies is mediated by the FCγII receptor (1990)

The function of the human cell surface CD9 antigen is not known, yet monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of the IgG1 subclass in the CD9 cluster induce activation of platelets. Previously it had been shown that this activation pathway is comparable both in kinetics and extent to physiological agonists such as thrombin. Here it is demonstrated that activation with CD9 mAbs depends on interaction of the Fc part of the CD9 antibody molecule with Fc receptors on the platelet surface, since: (i) mAb directed against the Fc receptor totally blocked the platelet response to CD9 mAb; and (ii) F(ab')2 fragments of the CD9 mAb SYB-1 which bound to platelets, as demonstrated by flow cytometry, failed to activate them. Furthermore, platelet activation by CD9 mAb closely paralleled the activation caused by cross-linking Fc receptors when comparing: (i) kinetics and extent of aggregation; (ii) thromboxane synthesis; (iii) calcium flux; and (iv) the cytoplasmic alkalinization response. Thus it is concluded that CD9 antigen itself does not necessarily participate in stimulus-response coupling leading to platelet activation by CD9 mAbs, and that this activation can be entirely accounted for by the Fc receptor pathway mechanism. The results suggest a possible novel mechanism for platelet consumption in cases of immune thrombocytopenia.
Open versus Endovascular Intervention for Critical Limb Ischemia: A Population-Based Study (2010)

Although there has been an absolute increase in the number of revascularization procedures for CLI, with a clear shift toward endovascular therapy, the amputation rates for these patients have not changed. However, the shift to endovascular interventions has increased the number of secondary procedures required to maintain limb-salvage rates equivalent to those of the pre-endovascular era.
Links between Fibrogenesis and Cancer: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Challenges (2019)

<p class="MDPI31text" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0cm;" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">Tissue fibrosis may occur for unknown causes or be the consequence of many pathological conditions including chronic inflammatory or infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, graft rejection, or malignancy. On the other hand, malignant tumors have been identified in fibrotic tissues decades ago, and now accumulating evidence suggests that fibrotic lesions enhance the risk of cancer in several organs such as liver, lungs, and breast. Disruption of an organ parenchymal cells and of its normal structural scaffold during tissue fibrogenesis appears to induce loss of cell polarity, promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation that may eventually lead to cancer development. Many cellular and molecular abnormalities including aberrant expression of microRNAs, genetic and epigenetic alterations, evasion or delayed apoptosis, unregulated intracellular signal pathways, and dysregulation or defective intercellular communications have been proposed to explain this link between fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms of this fibrosis-to-cancer transition remain unclear. This book presents a collection of reviews and original articles summarizing recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer development in fibrotic organs.</span>
Integrating Clustering and Learning for Improved Workload Prediction in the Cloud (2016)

Good resource management is very important in the cloud and workload prediction is a crucial step towards achieving good resource management. While it is possible to predict the workloads of long-running tasks based on the seasonality in their historical workloads, it is difficult to do so for tasks which do not have such recurring workload patterns. In this paper, we consider a different solution for task workload prediction. Instead of using the historical workload of a task to predict the future workload of the same task, we use the knowledge about the workloads of a pool of tasks to help predict the workloads of new tasks. In this paper, we develop a clustering and learning based approach to realize this concept. First, the workloads of existing tasks are grouped into multiple clusters. Then, neural network is used to learn the characteristics of the workloads of each cluster. For each new task, we collect its initial workload, determine its cluster, and use the trained neural network of its cluster to predict its future workload. Our approach is experimentally evaluated using Google dataset. The results confirm the effectiveness of our integrated scheme.
Novel Model Compounds for Photoinduced Electron Transfer: Structures of the Folded Conformers of Zinc(II)-Pyropheophytin- Anthraquinone Dyads (1997)

The solution structures of the P4-epimers of Zn(II)–pyropheophytin–anthraquinone dyads (ZnPQ1 and ZnPQ2) were determined using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. The mutual orientation of the anthraquinone and Zn–pyropheophytin rings was found to be different in the two P4-epimeric dyads on the basis of the ROESY correlations, observed between the quinone and phorbin protons. The anthraquinone ring is situated below the phorbin macrocycle in both dyads, ZnPQ1 and ZnPQ2. In ZnPQ1, the ring planes show tilting, the anthraquinone ring being in a sloping position below subrings B, C and E of the phorbin macrocycle. In ZnPQ2, the two π-systems are almost parallel with the anthraquinone ring being located approximately below the center of the phorbin macrocycle. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production of 3‐Fucosyllactose in Engineered Escherichia coli with α‐1,3‐Fucosyltransferase from Helicobacter pylori (2019)

3-Fucosyllactose (3-FL), one of the major oligosaccharides in human breast milk, is produced in engineered Escherichia coli. In order to search for a good α-1,3-fucosyltransferase, three bacterial α-1,3-fucosyltransferases are expressed in engineered E. coli deficient in β-galactosidase activity and expressing the essential enzymes for the production of guanosine 5'-diphosphate-l-fucose, the donor of fucose for 3-FL biosynthesis. Among the three enzymes tested, the fucT gene from Helicobacter pylori National Collection of Type Cultures 11637 gives the best 3-FL production in a simple batch fermentation process using glycerol as a carbon source and lactose as an acceptor. In order to use glucose as a carbon source, the chromosomal ptsG gene, considered the main regulator of the glucose repression mechanism, is disrupted. The resulting E. coli strain of ∆LP-YA+FT shows a much lower performance of 3-FL production (4.50 g L<sup>-1</sup> ) than the ∆L-YA+FT strain grown in a glycerol medium (10.7 g L<sup>-1</sup> ), suggesting that glycerol is a better carbon source than glucose. Finally, the engineered E. coli ∆LW-YA+FT expressing the essential genes for 3-FL production and blocking the colanic acid biosynthetic pathway (∆wcaJ) exhibits the highest concentration (11.5 g L<sup>-1</sup> ), yield (0.39 mol mol<sup>-1</sup> ), and productivity (0.22 g L<sup>-1</sup> h) of 3-FL in glycerol-limited fed-batch fermentation.
A Closer Look at Machine Learning Code (2021)

Software using Machine Learning algorithms is becoming ever more ubiquitous making it equally important to have good development processes and practices. Whether we can apply insights from software development research remains open though, since it is not yet clear, whether data-driven development has the same requirements as its traditional counterpart. We used eye tracking to investigate whether the code reading behaviour of developers differs between code that uses Machine Learning and code that does not. Our data shows that there are differences in what parts of the code people consider of interest and how they read it. This is a consequence of differences in both syntax and semantics of the code. This reading behaviour already shows that we cannot take existing solutions as universally applicable. In the future, methods that support Machine Learning must iterate on existing knowledge to meet the challenges of data-driven development.
The “Super Mutant” of Yeast FMN Adenylyltransferase Enhances the Enzyme Turnover Rate by Attenuating Product Inhibition (2013)

FMN adenylyltransferase (FMNAT) is an essential enzyme catalyzing the last step of a two-step pathway converting riboflavin (vitamin B2) to FAD, the ubiquitous flavocoenzyme. A structure-based mutagenesis and steady-state kinetic analysis of yeast FMNAT unexpectedly revealed that mutant D181A had a much faster turnover rate than the wild-type enzyme. Product inhibition analysis showed that wild-type FMNAT is strongly inhibited by FAD, whereas the D181A mutant has an attenuated product inhibition. These results provide a structural basis for the product inhibition of the enzyme and suggest that product release may be the rate-limiting step of the reaction.
A Web‐based and Group Learning Environment for Introductory Environmental Engineering (2002)

Abstract The use of computer‐based technology is becoming more prevalent in the classroom. As a part of an educational research project sponsored by the GE Foundation, strategies for augmenting a course, Introduction to Environmental Engineering (CE 280), were investigated including cross‐disciplinary experiences in teamwork, design, and the use of advanced teaching technologies such as the web. Interactive tools to assist student learning were developed and refined. Efforts have focused on developing an extensive website, web‐based quizzes and homework assignments, and tutorials. Base groups were used to provide both intellectual and emotional support to students. This paper summarizes the development of this course and the impact of rapid feedback on the progression of student understanding.
Dynamic Response Of Molecular Orientation In Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (1984)

We present numerical solutions of the equation of motion that governs the dynamics of molecular orientation in ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs). The obtained solutions illustrate novel electro-optic effects in FLCs. Specifically, we treat the switching by an applied electrical pulse between two optically distinct stable states, and calculate the requisite pulse width for switching as a function of pulse amplitude. We also show that with appropriate liquid crystal cell preparation, switching between four distinct states is feasible.
Gas‐Phase Sulfur Intercomparison Experiment 2: Analysis and conclusions (2000)

A diffusion denuder, total sulfur chemiluminescence detector instrument for the measurement of SO 2 was tested as the second part of the Gas‐Phase Sulfur Intercomparison Experiment (GASIE 2). The SO 2 at mixing ratios between 27 and 182 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) was provided by a dynamic dilution apparatus. The data were kept blind from the other party and analyzed by two independent referees. The following was concluded: (1) The independent calibrations of each system are within a few percent. (2) The precision on any one day is better than day‐to‐day variability. (3) Runs in dry air show a small but significant nonzero intercept in correlation plots. (4) No effects of adding NO 2 + O 3 or CO 2 + CH 4 + CO + dimethylsulfide are distinguishable. (5) A small but significant effect due to added H 2 O is evident in both slope and intercept, but the source could not be discerned. (6) On any one day the systems can distinguish among 0, 20, and 40 pptv, but because of day‐to‐day variability, they can only distinguish among 0, 30, and 60 pptv on different days.
An HDTV codec based on MPEG2 and its picture quality evaluation (2002)

This paper describes the codec's specifications and results of subjective testing for decoded images at 12 Mbit/s to 36 Mbit/s. In this codec, the HDTV image is divided into four standard-TV-sized images, and multiple MPEG2 tools designed for standard TV are utilized. So, this codec could be made compact by using standard TV processing units for MPEG2, which will be widely available in the near future. Moreover, this HDTV codec has an architecture with which both HDTV processing and multiple standard TV processing is possible. As for the bit-rates, by introducing an image shaping function before MPEG2 compression, 12-18 Mbit/s transmission is possible with less picture degradation.
Functionalized Activated Carbon Derived from Biomass for Photocatalysis Applications Perspective (2015)

This review highlighted the developments of safe, effective, economic, and environmental friendly catalytic technologies to transform lignocellulosic biomass into the activated carbon (AC). In the photocatalysis applications, this AC can further be used as a support material. The limits of AC productions raised by energy assumption and product selectivity have been uplifted to develop sustainable carbon of the synthesis process, where catalytic conversion is accounted. The catalytic treatment corresponding to mild condition provided a bulk, mesoporous, and nanostructure AC materials. These characteristics of AC materials are necessary for the low energy and efficient photocatalytic system. Due to the excellent oxidizing characteristics, cheapness, and long-term stability, semiconductor materials have been used immensely in photocatalytic reactors. However, in practical, such conductors lead to problems with the separation steps and loss of photocatalytic activity. Therefore, proper attention has been given to develop supported semiconductor catalysts and certain matrixes of carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon microspheres, carbon nanofibers, carbon black, and activated carbons have been recently considered and reported. AC has been reported as a potential support in photocatalytic systems because it improves the transfer rate of the interface charge and lowers the recombination rate of holes and electrons.
ANALYSIS OF TORSIONAL INTERACTIONS WITH POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER (1993)

Abstract Torsional interactions can occur due to the speed input Power System Stabilizer (PSS) that are primarily used to damp low frequency oscillations. The solution to this problem can be either in the form of providing a torsional filter or developing an alternate signal for the PSS. This paper deals with the formulation of a linearized state space model of the system and study of the interactions using eigenvalue analysis. The effects of the parameters of PSS and control signals on the damping of torsional modes are investigated.