gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propagation of Tau Aggregates and Neurodegeneration (2017)

A pathway from the natively unfolded microtubule-associated protein Tau to a highly structured amyloid fibril underlies human Tauopathies. This ordered assembly causes disease and represents the gain of toxic function. In recent years, evidence has accumulated to suggest that Tau inclusions form first in a small number of brain cells, from where they propagate to other regions, resulting in neurodegeneration and disease. Propagation of pathology is often called prion-like, which refers to the capacity of an assembled protein to induce the same abnormal conformation in a protein of the same kind, initiating a self-amplifying cascade. In addition, prion-like encompasses the release of protein aggregates from brain cells and their uptake by neighboring cells. In mice, the intracerebral injection of Tau inclusions induces the ordered assembly of monomeric Tau, followed by its spreading to distant brain regions. Conformational differences between Tau aggregates from transgenic mouse brain and in vitro assembled recombinant protein account for the greater seeding potency of brain aggregates. Short fibrils constitute the major species of seed-competent Tau in the brains of transgenic mice. The existence of multiple human Tauopathies with distinct fibril morphologies has led to the suggestion that different molecular conformers (or strains) of aggregated Tau exist.
Design of a wideband filter-loaded output circuit (2014)

A wideband filter-loaded output circuit is designed and developed using 1-D and 3-D computer simulation codes. The RF design is generated using CPI's 1-D RF large signal code and a goal curve for the output circuit gap interaction impedance is generated. The ANSYS 3-D HFSS code is used to design the filter-loaded output circuit hardware. Cold-test hardware is fabricated based on the 3-D simulation results. Cold-test results for this hardware are presented showing good correlation of the output circuit gap interaction impedance between the 1-D RF design goal and the hardware designed using 3-D code simulations. This new design and development process using both 1-D and 3-D code simulation is the first step in achieving reduced design cycle time in the development of wideband filter-loaded output circuits. The next step is to implement this output circuit hardware design in a functional wideband klystron to validate real RF power output performance.
F-64 Expanding the Detector Efficiency of Silicon Drift Detectors with Optimized Radiation Entrance Window (2008)

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Linear estimation in Krein spaces. II. Applications (1996)

We have shown that several interesting problems in H/sup /spl infin//-filtering, quadratic game theory, and risk sensitive control and estimation follow as special cases of the Krein-space linear estimation theory developed in Part I. We show that all these problems can be cast into the problem of calculating the stationary point of certain second-order forms, and that by considering the appropriate state space models and error Gramians, we can use the Krein-space estimation theory to calculate the stationary points and study their properties. The approach discussed here allows for interesting generalizations, such as finite memory adaptive filtering with varying sliding patterns.
Distributed flow management for SDN domains (2015)

Multi-domain software-defined networks (SDN) require controllers of different domains to be inter-connected to share their available intra-domain paths for inter-domain routing. This specific network of connections, called inter-domain control network, is somewhat similar to a signaling network. Provisioning flow-paths across multiple domains with certain service levels requires information on availability of resources and capabilities along data paths. A quality of service (QoS), or a reliable and secure path service requires a data path with certain quantitative service level requirements such as high throughput, low packet loss, or high availability. This paper outlines the inter-domain control network capabilities with emphasis on what information can be realistically shared in real-time amongst SDN controllers. It also describes the information that can be stored in global databases to enable an autonomous decision making in data path selection for flows.
Forecasting the onset of Cloud-Ground Lightning Using Layered Vertically Integrated Liquid Water (2000)

Accurate forecasting of cloud-ground (CG) lightning onset at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida is critical for personnel safety, but presents a difficult problem. Current methods for predicting CG lightning onset rely on radar analyses that require a reflectivity threshold to be exceeded at a specified temperature level. Although the requisite temperature level used in lightning forecasting lies within the critical region of convection for lightning initiation (-10 to -20 degrees C), current methods of prediction do not employ a complete description of the storm structure. This thesis hypothesizes that diagnosing the storm structure within the -10 to -20 degrees C layer is a key element in forecasting lightning onset. This storm structure can readily be described by the variation of the liquid water content, termed layered vertically integrated liquid (LVIL), within two layers in the supercooled region (-10 to -15 degrees C and -15 to -20 degrees C). An LVIL value for each layer, described together as a threshold pair, quantifies the minimum vertical structure required for lightning onset. The optimal threshold pair follows from weighting measures of forecast skill; in order of importance, they are probability of detection (POD), Kuipers skill score (KSS) and false alarm rate (FAR). LVIL amounts of 0.5 mm in the -10 to -15 degrees C layer coinciding with amounts of 0.25 mm in the -15 to -20 degrees C layer indicate that lightning is imminent, with a POD of 96%, a KSS of 51% and a FAR of 21%. This two-layer approach is superior to one-parameter methods currently in use at the KSC.
Ecology, Economy and Culture : An anthropological profile of the Meena, a Scheduled Tribe of Rajasthan (2002)

In this profile of the Meena-a Scheduled Tribe of Rajasthan, the authors depict how the ecological setup of the Meena characterises their multi-occupational economic organisation. They also enumerate the inextricable links that exist in a state of symbolic and mutually reinforcing relationship between ‘way of life’ and habitat. These are inferred from their observation and careful questioning. Finally they show how the change evidenced among the Meena is an outcome of the interplay of several factors, which include deforestation, increased cultural contacts, modern transport, communication and the developmental schemes introduced by the government.
Dietary fat/cholesterol-sensitive PKCβ-RB signaling: Potential role in NASH/HCC axis (2017)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent form of cancer with a poor prognosis, and environmental factors significantly contribute to the risk. Despite knowledge that a Western-style diet is a risk factor in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and subsequent progression to HCC, diet-induced signaling changes are not well understood. Understanding molecular mechanisms altered by diet is crucial for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies. We have previously shown that diets enriched with high-fat and high-cholesterol, shown to produce NASH and HCC, induce hepatic protein kinase C beta (PKCβ) expression in mice, and a systemic loss of PKCβ promotes hepatic cholesterol accumulation in response to this diet. Here, we sought to determine how PKCβ and diet functionally interact during the pathogenesis of NASH and how it may promote hepatic carcinogenesis. We found that diet-induced hepatic PKCβ expression is accompanied by an increase in phosphorylation of Ser780 of retinoblastoma (RB) protein. Intriguingly, PKCβ<sup>-/-</sup> livers exhibited reduced <i>RB</i> protein levels despite increased transcription of the RB gene. It is also accompanied by reduced RBL-1 with no significant effect on RBL-2 protein levels. We also found reduced expression of the PKCβ in HCC compared to non-tumorous liver in human patients. These results raise an interesting possibility that diet-induced PKCβ activation represents an important mediator in the functional wiring of cholesterol metabolism and tumorigenesis through modulating stability of cell cycle-associated proteins. The potential role of PKCβ in the suppression of tumorigenesis is discussed.
Deciphering Supportive Treatment Strategies for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (2013)

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a dreadful life-threatening syndrome typically induced by an adverse drug reaction. This condition is characterized by the sudden and extensive destruction of the epidermis. The patient should be promptly addressed to a burn unit where three types of treatment should be administered, namely, (a) specific topical care of the bullous/eroded skin areas, (b) systemic anti-apoptotic/necrotic treatments, and (c) supportive care preventing secondary internal organ failures. This latter aspect is covered by the present review and focuses on (a) early withdrawal of the causative drug, (b) airway management, (c) hydro-electrolytic control, (d) nutritional support, (e) antibiotherapy, (f) prevention of venous thrombosis and gastroduodenal ulcers, and (g) analgesia and anesthesia. Keywords: Drug reaction, toxic epidermal necrolysis, burn, epidermis, bullous, apoptotic, necrotic, eroded, causative, antibiotherapy
Accelerating Coronavirus Disease 2019 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines—Selecting Compounds for Clinical Evaluation in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Clinical Trials (2021)

Given the urgent need for coronavirus disease 2019 therapeutics, early in the pandemic the Accelerating Coronavirus Disease 2019 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) public-private partnership rapidly designed a unique therapeutic agent intake and assessment process for candidate treatments of coronavirus disease 2019. These treatments included antivirals, immune modulators, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 neutralizing antibodies, and organ-supportive treatments at both the preclinical and clinical stages of development. The ACTIV Therapeutics-Clinical Working Group Agent Prioritization subgroup established a uniform data collection process required to perform an assessment of any agent type using review criteria that were identified and differentially weighted for each agent class. The ACTIV Therapeutics-Clinical Working Group evaluated over 750 therapeutic agents with potential application for coronavirus disease 2019 and prioritized promising candidates for testing within the master protocols conducted by ACTIV. In addition, promising agents among preclinical candidates were selected by ACTIV to be matched with laboratories that could assist in executing rigorous preclinical studies. Between April 14, 2020, and May 31, 2021, the Agent Prioritization subgroup advanced 20 agents into the Accelerating Coronavirus Disease 2019 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines master protocols and matched 25 agents with laboratories to assist with preclinical testing.
Bifurcation structure of the Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction in a stirred flow reactor (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBifurcation structure of the Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction in a stirred flow reactorMasataka Hourai, Yashige Kotake, and Keiji KuwataCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 9, 1760–1764Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/j100255a044Request reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (499 KB) Get e-Alerts
EulerX v0.9 (2015)

Euler is an open source toolkit for merging taxonomies (taxonomical organized datasets) and visualizing the results.
Delaying the source ghost to improve the ultralow-frequency response of a marine air-gun source (2020)

The competing effect between the fundamental bubble and its source-ghost response results in a strong attenuation of the lowest frequencies (below 7 Hz). This loss cannot be compensated easily by adjusting the source depth. Consequently, the low-frequency content in marine seismic data is not optimal, degrading the performance of low-frequency dependent processing approaches, such as full-waveform inversion. To overcome this, we have developed an additional source to counteract the ghost from the main source. In this situation, the fundamental bubble is characterized by the depth of the main source, whereas the ghost response is characterized by the summed depth of the main and additional sources. This source setup mitigates the competing effect and reduces the suppression of ultralow frequencies. Compared with a conventional horizontal source, our source design will reduce the mid- to high-frequency output, which may be beneficial in situations in which environmental constraints limit the maximum allowed output of a marine source.
Progress in Behavioral Game Theory (1997)

Behavioral game theory aims to predict how people actually behave by incorporating psychological elements and learning into game theory. With this goal in mind, experimental findings can be organized into three categories: players have systematic 'reciprocated social values,' like desires for fairness and revenge. Phenomena discovered in studies of individual judgments and choices, like 'framing' and overconfidence, are also evident in games. Strategic principles, like irrelevance of strategy labels and timing of moves, iterated elimination of dominated strategies, and backward induction, are violated. Future research should incorporate these findings, along with learning and 'pregame theory,' into formal game theory.
Experimental Study of the Luminous Front Produced by a Coaxial Plasma Accelerator (1972)

A plane luminous front is produced in hydrogen by channeling the hot gas of the dense plasma focus formed in front of a coaxial accelerator into a small tube. The reflection of this luminous front by a solid wall is examined by using pressure and electron density probes and streak photographs. The radiation of the luminous front is examined in detail by means of time-resolved spectroscopic measurements of the line emissions of Hα, Hπ, Hγ, and Hδ, and the continuum emission across the Balmer series limit. Then, the population number densities of various excited states as well as the number density and temperature of electrons are determined. It is shown that, although a shock front propagates ahead of the luminous front, the observed luminosity results from the expanding hot driver gas and not from the shock heated gas. It is further shown that a satisfactory over-all agreement between the results of the spectroscopic measurements and the theoretical solutions of the statistically steady-state rate equations is obtained with a correction for the self-absorption of the Hα line emission.
Assay for Measurement of Intact B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Prohormone in Blood (2006)

mAb Hinge76 is the first proBNP1-108-specific mAb produced that allows accurate estimation of proBNP1-108 concentrations in plasma.
Genetic variation in the Major Histocompatibility Complex and association with depression (2018)

Abstract Background The prevalence of depression is higher in individuals suffering from autoimmune diseases, but the mechanisms underlying the observed comorbidities are unknown. Epidemiological findings point to a bi-directional relationship - that depression increases the risk of developing an autoimmune disease, and vice-versa. Shared genetic etiology is a plausible explanation for the overlap between depression and autoimmune diseases. In this study we tested whether genetic variation in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), which is associated with risk for autoimmune diseases, is also associated with risk for depression. Method We fine-mapped the classical MHC (chr6: 29.6-33.1 Mb), imputing 216 Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles and four Complement Component 4 (C4) haplotypes in studies from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) working group and the UK Biobank (UKB). In the 26 PGC-MDD studies, cases met a lifetime diagnosis of MDD, determined by a structured diagnostic interview. In the UKB, cases and controls were identified from an online mental health questionnaire. The total sample size was 45,149 depression cases and 86,698 controls. We tested for association between depression status and imputed MHC variants in each study and performed an inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis across the PGC-MDD and UKB samples, applying both a conservative region-wide significance threshold (3.9-e6) and a candidate threshold (1.6e-4). Results No HLA alleles or C4 haplotypes were associated with depression at the conservative threshold in the PGC, UKB or meta-analysis. HLA-B*08:01 was associated with modest protection for depression at the candidate threshold in the meta-analysis. Under the conservative threshold, 70 SNPs were detected in the UKB and 143 SNPs were detected in the meta-analysis, mirroring previous findings from highly powered GWAS of depression. Discussion We found no evidence that HLA alleles, which play a major role in the genetic susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, or C4 haplotypes, which are strongly associated with schizophrenia, confer risk for depression. These results indicate that autoimmune diseases and depression do not share common risk loci of moderate or large effect in the MHC.
Visible Light Communication with Input-Dependent Noise: Channel Estimation, Optimal Receiver Design and Performance Analysis (2021)

&lt;div&gt;In this paper, single-input single-output (SISO) visible light communication (VLC) subject to signal-dependent shot noise (SDSN) is investigated. We discuss both channel estimation and data transmission. In the former, we introduce least square (LS) and maximum likelihood (ML) estimators. Moreover, we derive the Cram´er–Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the channel estimation error. With regard to data transmission, we present optimal and sub-optimal receiver designs and discuss their bit error rate (BER) performance. In particular, a closed-form expression of the BER is derived for a sub-optimal receiver using the on-off-keying (OOK) modulation technique. An approximated expression is then derived for the optimal receiver. Our analysis shows that the CRLB performance does not have a linear relation with the SDSN, thermal noise, or the fading channel. On the other hand, the SDSN has a dramatic effect on the channel estimation error bound, and it can degrade the BER performance. Increased performance degradation can also be noticed due to the joint effects of the channel estimation error and SDSN.&lt;/div&gt;
Engineering interconnected 3D vascular networks in hydrogels using molded sodium alginate lattice as the sacrificial template (2014)

Engineering 3D perfusable vascular networks in vitro and reproducing the physiological environment of blood vessels is very challenging for tissue engineering and investigation of blood vessel function. Here, we engineer interconnected 3D microfluidic vascular networks in hydrogels using molded sodium alginate lattice as sacrificial templates. The sacrificial templates are rapidly replicated in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chips via Ca⁺²-crosslinking and then fully encapsulated in hydrogels. Interconnected channels with well controlled size and morphology are obtained by dissolving the monolayer or multilayer templates with EDTA solution. The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are cultured on the channel linings and proliferated to form vascular lumens. The strong cell adhesion capability and adaptive response to shear stress demonstrate the excellent cytocompatibility of both the template and template-sacrificing process. Furthermore, the barrier function of the endothelial layer is characterized and the results show that a confluent endothelial monolayer is fully developed. Taken together, we develop a facile and rapid approach to engineer a vascular model that could be potentially used in physiological studies of vascular functions and vascular tissue engineering.
FEM Analysis of the Spline Joint with Bolt Pre-load (2011)

Most of the mechanical structures use bolting or spot welding for the whole structure. In recent years, bolting & rivets are used rather than the welding due to reassembly and repair. Analysis of bolted joints is so complicate that many conditions must be considered such as pre-load and contact, etc.. Bolted joint analysis is done by theoretical, experimental & numerical methods. However, numerical analysis in the bolted joint is used because the contact and stress in the joints are changed due to the pre-load. In this study, we analysis the slip and the deformation of the contact area in the joint depending on the pre-load and find the optimized bolting condition.
Relationship between the pharmacological activity of antitumor drugs Ametantrone and mitoxantrone (Novatrone) and their ability to condense nucleic acids. (1986)

Ametantrone (HAQ) and mitoxantrone (DHAQ) are structurally similar antitumor drugs of the anthracenedione class. The cytostatic, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities of these drugs are different, with DHAQ being 10-100 times more potent, per molar basis. Both drugs are strong intercalators and intercalative modes of binding are suspected as relevant to their pharmacological activity. No significant differences, however, that could explain the differences in pharmacological activity are observed in their intercalative properties with respect to base specificity and binding affinity. A correlation, however, is evident between their potency and ability to condense nucleic acids inasmuch as DHAQ condenses nucleic acids at concentrations that are lower by a factor of 5-40 than those of HAQ and these effects can be observed at their pharmacological concentrations. The condensation is base- and sugar-specific and the long purine sequences of single-stranded RNA are the most sensitive. Electron microscopy of L1210 cells exposed a short time (90 min) to 0.21-21 microM DHAQ reveals segregation of nucleoli; the segregated granular portion shows increased electron opacity. In some preparations patchy areas of nuclear chromatin characterized by increased electron opacity can be seen. The results are compatible with the possibility that pharmacological effects of these antitumor drugs could involve condensation of nucleic acids, primarily of RNA in nucleoli.