gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Turkish Narrow Band Voice Coding and Noise Pre-Processing NATO Candidate (2001)

Robust and low power communication systems are essential for battle field environment in military communication which require bit rates below 4.8kb/s. In order to benefit from the new advances in speech coding technologies and hence upgrade its communication systems, the NATO has been planning to select a speech coding algorithms with its noise pre-processor. In this paper we describe a speech coder which is capable of operating at both 2.4 and 1.2kb/s, and produce good quality synthesized speech. This coder will form the basis of the Turkish candidate which is one of the three competing. The rate of the coder can be switched from 2.4kb/s to 1.2kb/s by increasing the frame length for parameter quantization from 20ms to 60ms. Both rates use the same analysis and synthesis building blocks over 20ms. Reliable pitch estimation and very elaborate voiced/unvoiced mixture determination algorithms render the coder robust to background noise. However in order to communicate in very severe noisy conditions a noise pre-processor has been integrated within the speech encoder.
Is there a relationship between venous insufficiency and knee osteoarthritis? (2020)

Increased radiographic medial tibial sclerosis and higher WOMAC pain scores in patients with venous involvement in OA may lead to the hypothesis that venous system pathologies can affect the intraosseous microenvironment of the bone, resulting in pain and early subchondral bone involvement, consequently presenting as subchondral sclerosis.
RespiCoV: Simultaneous identification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and 46 respiratory tract viruses and bacteria by amplicon-based Oxford-Nanopore MinION sequencing (2022)

Since December 2019 the world has been facing the outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Identification of infected patients and discrimination from other respiratory infections have so far been accomplished by using highly specific real-time PCRs. Here we present a rapid multiplex approach (RespiCoV), combining highly multiplexed PCRs and MinION sequencing suitable for the simultaneous screening for 41 viral and five bacterial agents related to respiratory tract infections, including the human coronaviruses NL63, HKU1, OC43, 229E, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. RespiCoV was applied to 150 patient samples with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and compared with specific real-time PCR. Additionally, several respiratory tract pathogens were identified in samples tested positive or negative for SARS-CoV-2. Finally, RespiCoV was experimentally compared to the commercial RespiFinder 2SMART multiplex screening assay (PathoFinder, The Netherlands).
Ellipsometry as a rapid method of establishing a correlation between the porosity and the gas sensitivity of tin dioxide layers (1999)

It is shown for the first time that reflection ellipsometry may be an effective method of establishing a correlation between the main parameters of gas-sensitive layers and their optical characteristics, suitable for rapid monitoring. This can advance the capability of predicting the properties of a material from its preparation conditions and consequently can reduce the optimization cycle time and thus lower the cost of a technology.
Development of a Heat-Driven-Type MEMS Olfactory Display (2018)

An olfactory display is necessary for effective multimodal information communication. The relatively large size of current olfactory displays does not support integration with other information devices. Thus, in this study, a heat-driven-type microelectromechanical system (MEMS) olfactory display that is only a few square centimeters in size and, thus, suitable for integration, is proposed. The olfactory display was fabricated by implementing a microfabrication process, and the fundamental driving conditions for the heater and valve were confirmed. Furthermore, a perfume diffusion experiment was conducted to characterize the olfactory display. The diffusion of the perfume was successfully synchronized with the open/close time of the valve.
Quasi-linear controllable inductor (1987)

A magnetic structure consisting of two ferromagnetic cores and three windings is shown to behave as a quasi-linear electronically controllable inductor. Together with the controllable resistor and capacitor it constitutes a complete set of components with electronically variable fundamental electrical properties: resistance, capacitance, and inductance. In contrast to the other two components, the power-handling capability of a controllable inductor is not limited a priori. Because of this, the spectrum of its potential applications is extremely wide.
AMI-based distribution state estimation application research (2014)

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is an important foundation for the smart grid. As fundamental equipment of AMI, smart meters collect interval measurements from customer sites and thus provide system wide visibility for power companies. This paper uses the power measurements of smart meters as the pseudo-measurement of transformer load instead of the traditional pseudo-measurement for state estimation, which increases the measurements redundancy and improves the accuracy by using the multiple measurements of AMI smart meters. It realizes the state estimation for the low-voltage distribution network
Structure and symmetry of CaFeTi2O6 perovskite (1995)

A new calcium iron (II) titanate ordered perovskite (CaFeTi 2 O 6 ) was recently synthesized from an equimolar mixture of CaTiO 3 and FeTiO 3 at 12-15 GPa and 1200-1400 °C. In the present paper, we discuss the structure and symmetry studies of this new compound CaFeTi 2 O 6 using CBED and HREM techniques. The CaFeTi 2 O 6 powder sample was crushed to small fragments with an agate mortar and pestle under purified methanol. A drop of the resulting suspension was placed on a copper grid coated with holey-carbon film. CBED and HREM studies were performed on a Philips-CM20 ST transmission electron microscope equipped with a double tilt, liquid-nitrogen-cooled specimen holder under moderate vacuum conditions over the range from 10 -6 -10 -7 Torr. CBED makes it possible to examine the diffraction symmetry of key orientations of the crystal and therefore determine the point-group symmetry of the crystal. This information, along with the dynamic extinction information on systematic absences, can be used to determine the crystallographic space group uniquely.
Robust Clothing-Invariant Gait Recognition (2012)

Robust gait recognition is a challenging problem, due to the large intra-subject variations and small inter-subject variations. Out of the covariate factors like shoe type, carrying condition, elapsed time, it has been demonstrated that clothing is the most challenging covariate factor for appearance-based gait recognition. For example, long coat may cover a significant amount of gait features and make it difficult for individual recognition. In this paper, we proposed a random subspace method (RSM) framework for clothing-invariant gait recognition by combining multiple inductive biases for classification. Even for small size training set, this method can achieve promising performance. Experiments are conducted on the OU-ISIR Treadmill dataset B which includes 32 combinations of clothing types, and the average recognition accuracy is more than 80%, which indicates the effectiveness of our proposed method.
COVID-19 and drugs: pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches (2021)

This review provides an update on the different therapeutic approaches that have been used to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as, the resulting paradoxical inflammation disorders.
Close Menu-Planner/supplier Relationship Vital for Successful New Product Development (2001)

There has been little research undertaken on foodservice buying behaviour and so there are no models to describe it. This is of concern, for when suppliers develop new foodservice products they need to understand the purchasing decision process and the factors that affect the purchasing decision. This paper aims to contribute to knowledge of foodservice buying behaviour through the testing of a model for the adoption of `New Beef' products. During the testing of this model in hotel and motel foodservice operations in Greater Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, factors affecting the purchase decision-process for `New Beef' products were investigated. The focus of the research reported in this paper was upon `non-task' variable; in particular, risk-reduction activities and assessment of product benefits involved in the evaluation stages of the `New Beef' product purchasing decision-process. The findings have a clear message for those responsible for purchasing in foodservice operations. They indicate that, in the purchasing of `New Beef' products, the trial of a sample before purchase enables a better assessment of the product benefits, so reducing the risk involved in the purchase. Additional risk-reduction activities can be continued after initial purchase, in particular by incorporation of the new product in a dish for the `Specials' menu. Furthermore, the development and maintenance of a close relationship with the supplier was shown to be of particular benefit to foodservice operators during the evaluation stages of the purchase decision-process.
Physiological and biochemical studies onFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersicirace 2 for its biocontrol by nonpathogenic fungi (1992)

The self-degradation of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.lycopersici race 2 (F.oxysporum l. 2), which reached an autolysis degree of 72% after 60 days of incubation in stationary culture, occurred principally during the first 14 days of incubation, when considerable /3-(1,3)-glucanase, pectinase, xylanase and chitinase activities were detected in the culture fluids.The levels of /3-(1,3)-glucanase, pectinase, cellulase, chitinase and xylanase activities increased in the culture fluids of this fungus, when the culture medium was supplemented with different inducers.The vegetable juice (V8) that contained tomato juice, was the best inducer for most of these activities.Chitosan, glucosamine oligomers and Mucor rouxii mycelium extract were found to have an inhibitory effect on F. oxysporum l. 2 growth.When incubating cell walls from young mycelia of F. oxysporum l. 2 with enzymic precipi-
Heterocyclic Systems Containing Bridgehead Nitrogen Atom. Part-XLVII. Syntheses of Thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline and Thiazino[2,3-b ]quinazoline (1984)

Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-132 119 2-Mercapto-8-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-one (2a), obtained by the reaction of 3-methylanthranilic acid (1) with ammonium thiocyanate, on condensation with chloro- acetic acid gives the acid (3a) which on treatment with acetic anhydride and pyridine undergoes cyclodehydration to furnish a single product to which 9-methyl-2<em>H</em>-thiazolo [2,3-<em>b</em>]quinazolin-3,5-dione (4a) and not 5-methyl-2<em>H</em>-thiazolo(3,2-<em>a</em>) quinazolin-3,9-dione (7a) was assigned on the basis of pmr spectral data. Similarly, (2a) on condensation with 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,3-dibromopropane yields 2,3-dihydro-9-methylthiazolo (2,3-<em>b</em>)quinazolin-5-one (5a) and 4<em>H</em>-2,3-dibydro-10-methyl (1,3) thiazino (2 3-<em> b</em>) quinazolin· 6-one (6), respectively.
Sodium influxes in internally perfused squid giant axon during voltage clamp (1969)

1. An experimental method for measuring ionic influxes during voltage clamp in the giant axon of Dosidicus is described; the technique combines intracellular perfusion with a method for controlling membrane potential.2. Sodium influx determinations were carried out while applying rectangular pulses of membrane depolarization. The ratio ;measured sodium influx/computed ionic flux during the early current' is 0.92 +/- 0.12.3. Plots of measured sodium influx and computed ionic flux during the early current against membrane potential are very similar. There was evidence that the membrane potential at which the sodium influx vanishes is the potential at which the early current reverses.
Differential cross-seeding properties of tau and α-synuclein in mouse models of tauopathy and synucleinopathy (2020)

Co-occurrence of tau and α-synuclein pathologies in a subset of Alzheimer's disease patients has led to the idea that mixed pathologies may play a unique characteristic role in the Alzheimer's disease neurodegenerative cascade. To understand the aetiology of such mixed pathologies, we investigated cross-seeding by human recombinant tau and human recombinant α-synuclein fibrillar species in a mouse model of tauopathy (Line PS19) or synucleinopathy (Line M20). Unilateral hippocampal injection of tau fibrils or α-synuclein fibrils, and to a lesser extent tau + α-synuclein copolymer fibrils prepared from co-incubating individual recombinant monomers, induced robust phosphorylated tau pathology in PS19 mice relative to control mice. Though the tau + α-synuclein copolymer fibrils did not modulate induction of pathologies at the site of injection, examination of the whole brain showed that these copolymers exacerbated neuroanatomic transmission of seeded tau pathology compared to tau fibril-injected mice. Only α-synuclein fibrils, but not tau alone or tau + α-synuclein copolymers, triggered modest levels of endogenous phosphorylated α-synuclein pathology. Overall, data from the PS19 mice suggest that human α-synuclein fibrils can efficiently cross-seed human tau and have a modest priming effect on mouse α-synuclein, and the presence of tau fibrils does not exacerbate the priming process. In M20 mice, unilateral hippocampal injection of α-synuclein fibrils or tau fibrils induced robust bilateral phosphorylated α-synuclein pathology, while tau + α-synuclein copolymer injection resulted in restricted phosphorylated α-synuclein pathology predominantly in the ipsilateral cortex. This suggests that human tau fibrils can also induce human α-synuclein pathogenesis, and the presence of combinatorial seeds is not synergistic. None of these aggregates induced phosphorylated tau pathology in M20 mice, showing that mouse tau cannot be primed efficiently by human tau fibrils or human α-synuclein fibrils. Neuropathological analysis of the whole brain of M20 mice showed that tau + α-synuclein copolymer-injected mice had lower abundance of bilaterally transmitted α-synuclein pathologies relative to α-synuclein fibril-injected mice. Thus, the tau + α-synuclein copolymer fibrils show robust transmission properties preferentially in rodent model of tauopathies but not in synucleinopathy, probably signifying an enhanced cooperative relationship between tau and α-synuclein in the tau seeding process. Together, our data highlight the unique cross-seeding properties of tau and αSyn in neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
Bee-safe peptidomimetic acaricides achieved by comparative genomics (2022)

Abstract The devastating Varroa mite ( Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman) is an obligatory ectoparasite of the honey bee, contributing to significant colony losses in North America and throughout the world. The limited number of conventional acaricides to reduce Varroa mites and prevent disease in honey bee colonies is challenged with wide-spread resistance and low target-site selectivity. Here, we propose a biorational approach using comparative genomics for the development of honey bee-safe and selective acaricides targeting the Varroa mite-specific neuropeptidergic system regulated by proctolin, which is lacking in the honey bee. Proctolin is a highly conserved pentapeptide RYLPT (Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr) known to act through a G protein-coupled receptor to elicit myotropic activity in arthropod species. A total of 33 different peptidomimetic and peptide variants were tested on the Varroa mite proctolin receptor. Ligand docking model and mutagenesis studies revealed the importance of the core aromatic residue Tyr2 in the proctolin ligand. Peptidomimetics were observed to have significant oral toxicity leading to the paralysis and death of Varroa mites, while there were no negative effects observed for honey bees. We have demonstrated that a taxon-specific physiological target identified by advanced genomics information offers an opportunity to develop Varroa mite-selective acaricides, hence, expedited translational processes.
Discovery of Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor γt Inverse Agonists via Docking and Negative Image-Based Screening (2018)

Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) has a vital role in the differentiation of T-helper 17 (TH17) cells. Potent and specific RORγt inverse agonists are sought for treating TH17-related diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes. Here, the aim was to discover novel RORγt ligands using both standard molecular docking and negative image-based screening. Interestingly, both of these in silico techniques put forward mostly the same compounds for experimental testing. In total, 11 of the 34 molecules purchased for testing were verified as RORγt inverse agonists, thus making the effective hit rate 32%. The pIC<sub>50</sub> values for the compounds varied from 4.9 (11 μM) to 6.2 (590 nM). Importantly, the fact that the verified hits represent four different cores highlights the structural diversity of the RORγt inverse agonism and the ability of the applied screening methodologies to facilitate much-desired scaffold hopping for drug design.
Bovine thyrotropin receptor cDNA is characterized by full-length and truncated transcripts (1997)

The complete coding sequence for the bovine thyrotropin (TSH) receptor was derived using a modified PCR cloning strategy. The bovine thyrotropin receptor conforms to the pattern of receptor interacting with membrane-bound G-protein already established in other species for TSH and gonadotropins receptors. The cDNA for the bovine TSH receptor consists of an open reading frame 2289 nucleotides in length, corresponding to a protein of 763 amino acids (estimated molecular mass of 86.4 kDa) which includes a 20 amino acid putative leading signal peptide. The receptor consists of a large NH2-terminal extracellular membrane domain of 417 amino acids with 5 potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a transmembrane domain (265 amino acids) consisting of 7 putative membrane alpha-helix spanning segments, and an intracytoplasmic COOH-terminal domain (82 amino acids). The bovine TSH receptor is one amino acid less than the corresponding sequence in dog, human, rat and mouse. Cysteine residues (n = 22) were conserved when compared with other TSH receptors. Three potential phosphorylation sites were found in the transmembrane domain and the COOH-terminal domain. As with other members of this receptor family, alternative splicing was observed. A transcribed but truncated TSH receptor of 1769 nucleotides was demonstrated, lacking half of the V segment of the transmembrane domain up to the COOH-terminal domain of the full length TSH receptor. Additionally, alternative transcriptional start sites were observed. Northern blot analysis using a probe (1170 bp) spanning part of the extracellular domain up to the first loop of the transmembrane domain showed specific expression in the bovine thyroid gland with major transcripts of 9.3 and 4.3 kb, and a minor transcript of 3.8 kb being detected.
<title>Microstructuring with 157-nm laser light</title> (1999)

The use of fluorine (F<SUB>2</SUB>) lasers, emitting at 157 nm, offers new possibilities for key applications demanding very high resolution and/or higher photon energy to expand the laser-processable material spectrum. Promising results have been achieved using F<SUB>2</SUB> lasers at 157 nm for micromachining of various materials that are very difficult to process at other laser wavelengths. This paper reports about new F<SUB>2</SUB> laser source developments and their efficiency in processing Teflon/Polytetrafluoroethylene and fused silica under moderate, uniform illumination conditions. Ablation rates and threshold parameters have been investigated. Scanning electron micrographs of the produced microstructures are presented.
Near-Infrared Light Irradiation of Porphyrin-Modified Gold Nanoparticles Promotes Cancer-Cell-Specific Cytotoxicity (2022)

The use of nanoparticles has been investigated as a new cancer treatment. These can induce specific cytotoxicity in cancer cells. In particular, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) have unique characteristics. The maximum absorption spectrum of AuNPs can be adjusted to modify their size or shape to absorb near-infrared light that can penetrate into tissue without photodamage. Thus, the combination of AuNPs and near-infrared light can be used to treat cancer in deep-seated organs. To obtain effective cancer-specific accumulation of AuNPs, we focused on porphyrin and synthesized a porphyrin-attached Au compound: Au-HpD. In this study, we investigated whether Au-HpD possesses cancer-specific accumulation and cytotoxicity. Intracellular Au-HpD accumulation was higher in cancer cells than in normal cells. In order to analyze the cytotoxicity induced by Au-HpD, cancer cells and normal cells were co-cultured in the presence of Au-HpD; then, they were subjected to 870 nm laser irradiation. We observed that, after laser irradiation, cancer cells showed significant morphological changes, such as chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation indicative of cell apoptosis. This strong effect was not observed when normal cells were irradiated. Moreover, cancer cells underwent cell apoptosis with combination therapy.
Using a Large Set of Weak Classifiers for Text Analytics (2017)

TF*IDF is a common approach used for text mining and information retrieval. We have described a method for using 112 variations on the TF*IDF equation for the classification of 588 CNN news articles belonging to 12 different classes. We found that no single TF*IDF could accurately classify all the documents. In fact, the highest accuracy attainable by any single TF*IDF was 45%. In this article, we take the work further to show how different measurements utilizing the TF*IDF classification results can be used to show that some classes may be logically inconsistent as classes. These methods also may be used to create more cohesive classes.
Development of Non-Equilibrium Plasma-Flame Kinetic Mechanism and its Validation Using Gliding Arc Integrated with Counterflow Burner (2010)

Abstract : Kinetic enhancements of NOx, O3, and O2([a(exp 1)]Delta[g]) on ignition and flame propagation of CH4 and H2, C3H8 and C2H4 flames by non-equilibrium plasma discharges in air were studied experimentally. The important kinetic enhancement pathways were identified. It was found that plasma produced NOx played a dominant role in the reduction of ignition temperature, particularly at low temperatures and low stretch rates. Moreover, the results showed that NOx catalytic effect mitigated the inhibiting effects of H2O and CH4 on ignition. A new method to isolate the kinetic coupling of O3 and O2([a(exp 1)]Delta[g]) was proposed and the kinetic enhancement of O3 and O2([a(exp 1)]Delta[g]) on flame speed was investigated quantitatively by using a lifted flame and advanced absorption and cavity ring down spectroscopy. It was found that O3 decomposition in the early stages of the preheating zone produced atomic O which reacted rapidly with the fuel to extract chemical heat release to increase flame speed. It was also found that O2([a(exp 1)]Delta[g] formation enhance combustion considerably via H+ O2([a(exp 1)]Delta[g]=OH+O chain-branching reaction. The results will have a direct impact on the development of detailed plasma-flame kinetic mechanisms.