gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear unsharp masking methods for image contrast enhancement (1996)

In the unsharp masking approach for image enhancement, a fraction of the highpass filtered version of the image is added to the original image to form the enhanced version. The method is simple, but it suffers from two serious drawbacks. First, it enhances the contrast in the darker areas perceptually much more strongly than that in the lighter areas. Second, it enhances the noise and/or digitization effects, particularly in the darker regions, resulting in visually less pleasing enhanced images. In general, noise can be suppressed with lowpass filters, which are associated with the blurring of the edges. On the other hand, contrast can be enhanced with highpass filters, which are associated with noise amplification. A reasonable solution, therefore, is to use suitable nonlinear filters which combine the features of both highpass and lowpass filters. This paper outlines several new methods of unsharp masking based on the use of such nonlinear filters. Computer simulations have verified the superior results obtained using these filters. In addition, a new measure of contrast enhancement is introduced which quantitatively supports the improvement obtained using the proposed methods.
Study on Indoor Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons( PAHs) Concentrations in Different Countries or Regions and the Influencing Factors (2018)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants in indoor environments, mainly existed in the form of airborne phase ( gas phase + particle phase). People can be exposed to airborne PAHs through inhalation and dermal sorption, which may lead to adverse health effects. Due to the majority of human life spent in indoor environments, indoor airborne PAHs concentration is crucial to human exposure and its health risk. In this study, we summarized the measured results of indoor PAHs airborne concentrations in different countries and regions from published papers, reflecting the indoor PAHs level and predicting the current status of indoors PAHs in China. In addition, we also analysed the differences of indoor airborne PAHs concentration between studies and their influencing factors, including pollution sources, seasonal variations and building ventilation, in order to guide the selection of controlling strategies for indoor airborne PAHs.
Real-Time Detection of Trace Contaminants and Bio/Chemical Agents in ROWPU Processed Drinking Water Using Reagentless UV Laser-Induced-Fluorescence (2007)

The sensitivity and detection capability of a deep-UV laser-induced-fluorescence system for detection of trace species in water was investigated and studied. Dissolved Organic Compounds (DOCs) and other related trace species were measured for the first time in drinking water and in Reverse Osmosis Processed water. The portable LIF system was used to analyze in real time the input water and the output water from a laboratory Reverse Osmosis water unit. The input water (obtained from surface wells and used for irrigation purposes) had a large spectral signature near 450 nm due to DOCs in the water. The RO output water has a much reduced level of DOCs and was an effective monitor of the filter membrane condition. It was found that the fluorescence spectrum is different for 266 run excitation than for 355 ran excitation, with 266 nm appearing to produce greater DOC fluorescence. Preliminary LIF spectra of the weak vinegar (0.01M) acid wash water used to clean a ROWPU were obtained. We also studied similar spectra for other trace and toxic chemical species related to the RO process and eventually related to toxic and chemical agent contamination. We studied and demonstrated the first use of deep-uv LEDs for LIF type detection of DOCs and trace species in water. The initial results were very promising, and the LIF type signal was found to be on the same order of magnitude as that using the UV laser source. We plan to extend these results and develop a compact LED based LIP system for water monitoring in real-time.
Final Report West Valley High-Level Waste Tank Lay-Up (2002)

This report documents completion of Milestone A.4-1 "Issue Tank Lay-Up Strategies for WVDP Final Report," in Technical Task Plan RL3-WT21A, "Post-Retrieval and Pre-Closure HLW Tank Lay-Up." This task was a collaborative effort among Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc., and West Valley Nuclear Services. The primary objective of the overall task was to develop and evaluate conceptual strategies for preclosure lay-up of the two large high-level waste storage tanks at the West Valley Demonstration Project.
Tripping with the Speed of Light: Arc Flash Protection (2007)

Reducing clearing time is a critical component in reducing arc flash incident energy levels. Additional benefits include reduced collateral damage, lower production downtime and potentially lower personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements. A novel method of fast arc flash detection utilizes long fiber optic light sensors to detect and initiate tripping faster than conventional relaying techniques. This paper discusses application examples as well as two documented arc flash events where this protection was implemented
A Stydy on the Immobilization of Biomolecules on Poly(acrylic acid)-grafted MWCNTs Prepared by Radiation-Induced Graft Polymerization (2010)

초록·키워드 목차 오류제보하기 등록된 정보가 없습니다. #acrylic acid #Biomolecule #multi-walled carbon nanotube #poly #radiation-induced graft poly-merization 등록된 정보가 없습니다.
Abstract (2008)

R. D. H. Chu, W. L. McLaughlin, […], A. Miller, and P. H. G. Sharpe+1-1View all authors and affiliations
Eucalyptus seedlings water requirements for West Central region of Minas Gerais. (2011)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo a determinacao das necessidades hidricas das mudas de eucalipto, na regiao Centro Oeste de Minas Gerais. Para isto, determinou-se o coeficiente de cultura (Kc), por meio da correlacao da evapotranspiracao da cultura (ETc) com a evapotranspiracao de referencia (ETo). A ETo foi determinada utilizando o equipamento Irrigâmetro. Com base na ETo, aplicou-se cinco lâminas brutas de irrigacao via microaspersao. Dentre os resultados observados, concluiu-se que: o tratamento com aplicacao de 257% da ETo pode ser recomendado, por ter proporcionado o mesmo desenvolvimento dos tratamentos de maior lâmina bruta com a vantagem da economia de agua; os tratamentos L1 e L2 (154 e 205% da ETo) nao favoreceram o desenvolvimento das mudas; e que o Irrigâmetro apresenta grande potencial para uso em sistemas de alta frequencia de irrigacao, como e o caso dos viveiros florestais.
ATRESIA OF THE INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS (1951)

Case histories of four patients with atresia of the intrahepatic interlobular bile ducts are reviewed. Three of the four also had anomalies of the extrahepatic bile ducts. All had secondary biliary cirrhosis. The course of disease was distinguished by a relatively long life span, all patients surviving more than three years and one remaining alive at five years. Generalized skin xanthomatosis occurred in all patients, together with a marked and characteristic elevation of the serum lipids. There was no indication on postmortem examination that intrahepatic bile ducts had developed and then become obliterated. The evidence presented in this study suggests that absence of interlobular bile ducts is a developmental anomaly, and that the embryologic development of biliary epithelium is normally independent of the growth of hepatic trabeculae.
<title>Polarization-insensitive electro-absorption and gain-switching quantum well modulators using interdiffusion</title> (1999)

A theoretical study of the polarization independent quantum- well gain using interdiffusion is presented here. Group V sublattice interdiffusion in InGaAs/InP quantum wells is used to produce polarization independent optical gain. The reverse bias and carrier effects on the subband structures, transition energy and optical gain of the interdiffused quantum well are discussed. The interdiffused quantum well structures are optimized in terms of their subband structure, carrier density, structural parameters and properties of optical gain spectra. The results show that an optimized interdiffused quantum well structure can produce polarization independent optical gain over a range of operation wavelengths around 1.5 micrometer, although the differential gain and linewidth enhancement factor are slightly degraded. The required tensile strain for the polarization independence of a lattice-matched quantum well structure is generated here using interdiffusion. These results suggest that polarization independent optical devices can be fabricated using interdiffusion using a lattice-matched InGaAsP quantum well structure.
Displacement Sensor Using Diffused Type Semiconductor Strain Gages (1981)

This paper describes a high accuracy displacement sensor using deffused type semiconductor strain gages. This sensor consits of a canti-lever made from iron-nickel-cobalt alloy with low thermal expansion coefficient along with high elasticity, and two silicon pellets having respectively two p type resistors diffused on the (110) plane with the [111] direction. These pellets are bonded on both surfacs of the canti-lever with eutectic alloy solder, respectively, so that the pellet's [111] direction is parallel to the direction of stress.Four strain gages on both surfaces of the canti-lever form a wheatstone bridge and the strain caused by the displacement of the cantilever tip is transduced into a voltage through this strain gage bridge.Non-linearity, sensitivity and temperature effect of piezoresistance are affected by such factors as the plane and direction of silicon crystal, surface concenttation of impurities, relative directions between strain and current, and maximum strains applied.Experiments using silicon canti-levers have proved that the (110) plane and [111] direction are suitable for crystal, and also that a suraface concentration of 2×1018/cm3 is optimum for impurities. It is further shown that the smallest nonlinearity of ±0.2% is obtained with a tensile stress of 300MPa applied on the longitudinal gage.Displacement sensors satisfying the conditions mentioned above are manufactured and their characteristics are cofinrmed; the non-linearity is less than ±0.1% under the applied strain of 700με and a zero point shift below ±0.2% is obtained under the respeated strains of 108 times.The temperature coefficient of semiconductor non-linearly relates to the temperature coefficients of piezo-resistor and piezoresistance coefficient, respectively. It is confirmed that temperature effects on the zero point and the span are less than ±0.5% respectively over the wide temperature range of 230-390K using a non-linear compeasntion procedure combining thick film thermistors with diffused type semiconductor resistors.
Discounting of future rewards in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. (2015)

The total delay-discounting score provided by our task showed that it could accurately differentiate bvFTD patients from AD and controls. These results support the relevancy of using tests inspired by experimental psychoeconomics and taping into reward processing to increase the distinction between both diseases.
Improving the Supply of Affordable Housing: The Role of the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (1998)

9 Id.0 Although the LIHTC is a tax incentive that does not involve the direct appropriation of federal funds, it is considered a tax expenditure since it results in a revenue loss to the
IL-1 induces collagenase-3 (MMP-13) promoter activity in stably transfected chondrocytic cells: requirement for Runx-2 and activation by p38 MAPK and JNK pathways (2001)

Osteoarthritic chondrocytes secrete matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in response to interleukin-1 (IL-1), causing digestion of type II collagen in cartilage. Using chondrocytic cells, we previously determined that IL-1 induced a strong MMP-13 transcriptional response that requires p38 MAPK, JNK and the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Now, we have studied the tissue-specific transcriptional regulation of MMP-13. Constitutive expression of the transcription factor Runx-2 correlated with the ability of a cell type to express MMP-13 and was required for IL-1 induction; moreover, Runx-2 enhanced IL-1 induction of MMP-13 transcription by synergizing with the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Transiently transfected MMP-13 promoters were not IL-1 inducible. However, -405 bp of stably integrated promoter was sufficient for 5- to 6-fold IL-1 induction of reporter activity and this integrated reporter required the same p38 MAPK pathway as the endogenous gene. Finally, mutation of the proximal Runx binding site and the proximal AP-1 site blunted the transcriptional response to IL-1, and double mutation synergistically decreased reporter activity. In summary, our data suggest that the transcriptional MMP-13 response to IL-1 is controlled by the p38 pathway interacting at the MMP-13 promoter through the tissue-specific transcription factor Runx-2 and the ubiquitous AP-1 transcription factor.
Graph Neural Networks for Predicting Chemical Reaction Performance (2021)

Chemical reactions are a complex process, as they involve interaction between several molecular compounds. As a result, predicting the success of a reaction is a non-trivial task, which often requires running several experiments in the lab. This process is is expensive, time consuming, and inefficient. As a result, in recent years, researchers have explored the use of machine learning algorithms to predict reaction success. These methods mainly rely on chemical properties of the molecules involved in the reactions. Despite their promising success, none of existing methods explored the use of structural properties of molecules in predicting reaction success. In this work, we develop an Attributed Graph Neural Network model that integrates both structural properties as well as chemical properties of molecules for predicting reaction success. Our model shows remarkable performance on two hand-crafted datasets obtained from high-throughput experiments, as well as one real-world dataset.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines as Analogues of the DNA Binding Fluorochrome Hoechst 33258 (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Diversify sensor nodes to improve resilience against node compromise (2006)

A great challenge in securing sensor networks is that sensor nodes can be physically compromised. Once a node is compromised, attackers can retrieve secret information (e.g. keys) from the node. In most of the key pre-distribution schemes, the compromise of secret information on one node can have substantial impact on other nodes because secrets are shared by more than one node in those schemes. Although tamper-resistant hardware can help protect those secrets, it is still impractical for sensor networks.Having observed that most sensor network applications and key pre-distribution schemes can tolerate the compromise of a small number of sensors, we propose to use diversity to protect the secret keys in sensor networks. Our scheme consists of two steps. First, we obfuscate the data and the code for each sensor, such that, when attackers have compromised a sensor node, they need to spend a substantial amount of time to find the secrets from the obfuscated code (e.g., by reverse engineering or code analysis). This first line of defense raises the bar of difficulty for a successful attack on one single node. Second, for different nodes, we make sure that the data and code obfuscation methods are different. This way, even if the attacks have successfully derived the location of the secrets, they cannot use the same location for another node, because for different nodes, their secrets are stored in different ways and in different places. Such diversity makes it a daunting job to derive the secret information from a large number of compromised nodes. We have implemented our scheme for Mica2 motes, and we present the results in this paper.
Coexistence mechanisms for interference mitigation in the 2.4-ghz ism band (2003)

Wireless technologies sharing the same frequency band and operating in the same environment often interfere with each other, causing severe decrease in performance. We propose two coexistence mechanisms based on traffic scheduling techniques that mitigate interference between different wireless systems operating in the 2.4-GHz industrial, medical, and scientific band. In particular, we consider IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs) and Bluetooth (BT) voice and data nodes, showing that the proposed algorithms can work when the two systems are able to exchange information as well as when they operate independently of one another. Results indicate that the proposed algorithms remarkably mitigate the interference between the IEEE 802.11 and BT technologies at the expense of a small additional delay in the data transfer. It is also shown that the impact of the interference generated by microwave ovens on the IEEE 802.11 WLANs performance can be significantly reduced through the mechanisms presented.
Simultaneous Improvement of Resolving Power and Signal-to-Noise Ratio Using a Modified Hadamard Transform-Inverse Ion Mobility Spectrometry Technique (2017)

In order to improve the resolving power (RP) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) simultaneously, a modified Hadamard transform-inverse ion mobility spectrometry (MHT-IIMS) technique was developed. In this novel technique, a series of isolating codes were appended to each element of the pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS), and then the modified modulation sequence was formed and used to control the ion gate of the inverse IMS (IIMS). Experimental results demonstrate that the MHT-IIMS technique can significantly enhance the resolving power and SNR simultaneously by measuring the spectra of reaction ions. Furthermore, the gas sample CCl<sub>4</sub> and CHCl<sub>3</sub> were measured for evaluating the capability of detecting those samples which have single and multiple product ions. The results show that this novel technique is able to simultaneously improve the resolving power and SNR notablely for the real sample detection without any significant instrumental changes. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Asymmetrical Skin Temperature in Ischemic Stroke (1995)

A temperature decline in the limbs contralateral to the site of infarction seems to be a frequent, long-lasting consequence of autonomic failure in patients with stroke. The phenomenon seems to be associated with pyramidal tract signs and the presence of Wallenberg's syndrome.
Temperature dependence of the reflectance of solid and liquid silicon (1981)

The reflectivity of silicon plays an important role in laser annealing. Results from literature are limited either to 225 °C in the solid phase or to 1410 °C in the liquid phase. Measurements, at 633 nm wavelength in a large temperature range near melting point, are reported here.
The crack tip region in hydraulic fracturing (1994)

Abstract We present analytical tip region solutions for fracture width and pressure when a power law fluid drives a plane strain fracture in an impermeable linear elastic solid. Our main result is an intermediate asymptotic solution in which the tip region stress is dominated by a singularity which is particular to the hydraulic fracturing problem. Moreover this singularity is weaker than the inverse square root singularity of linear elastic fracture mechanics. We also show how the solution for a semi-infinite crack may be exploited to obtain a useful approximation for the finite case.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Advances in Biology and New Approaches to Treatment (2003)

An extraordinary series of discoveries about chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has made this disease a model of the way in which bench and bedside research can unite and culminate in clinically important advances. This review brings the reader up to date on recent advances in understanding the biology of CML and how they have changed the management of the disease.
Another Killer Industry: A Review of Fake Silk by Paul Blanc (2018)

Rayon, a shiny artificial fabric with the flashy allure of silk, constitutes no danger to consumers. But worker exposure to carbon disulfide, an essential input in rayon manufacture, can drive workers insane and kill them as well. The dangers of carbon disulfide have been known since the middle of the 19th century. Professor Paul Blanc’s book traces the social amnesia about the dangers of making rayon and how its production has shifted from wealthy countries in Europe, the United States, and Japan to poorer countries like South Korea and the People’s Republic of China. The history of the rayon industry constitutes a metaphor for the lives of millions of people who toil unnoticed at dangerous jobs to support their families and help make life possible and even pleasurable for the luckier ooernes.
Effects of in vitro altered microflora on immunolocalization of ladderlectin and intelectin in trout intestine (2013)

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins or glycoproteins present in all types of organisms. They serve different biological functions including the roles in the innate immune system by recognizing carbohydrates that are found on the surface of potential pathogens. Soluble lectins have been identified from the plasma and mucus of various fish species. Rainbow trout ladderlectin (RTLL) and intelectin (RTInt) are two plasma proteins implicated in innate immune surveillance and pathogen elimination based upon their ability to bind Gram-negative bacteria and chitin. The present work, by using an in vitro model, was aimed to evaluate the expression of RTLL and RTInt, as visualized by specific antibodies, in the trout intestine exposed to distinct experimental conditions. The removed intestines were separately exposed to a mixture of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus, e Lactobacillus paracasei (group 1), a suspension of the pathogen bacteria Vibrio anguillarum (group 2), a mixture of the probiotics above, followed by the pathogens V. anguillarum (group 3). In the control group (group 4), the intestines were exposed to sterile saline solution and TSBgs in the same conditions, as above. Following exposure to V. anguillarum, a higher lectin reactivity was found, as compared with the controls, at the apical cell membrane of the epithelium, probably as a consequence of a stronger secretion induced by the pathogen. Consistently, the intestinal goblet cells, which in the controls proved to be the main site of the lectin expression, in the group 2 appeared unstained and nearly devoid of their contents. An increased immunostaining was observed also within inflammatory leucocytes, club cells and SP-positive cells. Notably, in the group 3, both the immunohistochemical pattern and the Western blotting analysis indicated that exposure of intestine to probiotics prior to V.anguillarum affects positively the RTInt expression, by reducing the pathogen-induced effect. These preliminary findings support a role for both RTLL and RTInt as putative innate defence molecules on intestinal mucosal surfaces. Further studies are required to confirm a possible involvement of probiotics in the RTInt-mediated immunomodulation.
Nucleotide Platination Induced by Visible Light (1999)

A two-step photoreaction is induced by irradiation of the Pt<sup>IV</sup> complex trans,cis-[Pt(OCOCH<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub> I<sub>2</sub> (en)] with visible light in the presence of guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP; see scheme): A photoinduced ligand exchange followed by photoreduction gives the bis-GMP adduct of [Pt(en)]<sup>2+</sup> . Although the dihydroxodiiodo complex also undergoes a photoinduced ligand exchange, no reaction with the nucleotide was observed.