gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BMP2 Induces Direct Differentiation into Cardiomyocytes from Human Embryonic Stem Cells during Short-Tem Culture In Vitro (2010)

Objective: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can proliferate indefi nitely and&#13;\ndifferentiate into most of cell types in vitro. Previous studies of differentiation&#13;\ninto cardiomyocytes from hESCs generally used embryoid body (EB) and&#13;\ngrowth factors. However, the effi ciency of reported differentiation strategy&#13;\nusing EB was not suffi cient enough for further clinical application.&#13;\nMethods: We tried to develop an effi cient protocol using combination of activin&#13;\nA and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) to induce direct differentiation&#13;\nfrom hESCs into cardiomyocytes. This was an attempt to develop a novel&#13;\neffi cient protocol.&#13;\nResults: Using our differentiation protocol, beating cardiomyocytes were&#13;\ngenerated at 14 days and the beating lasted for more than 3 weeks in vitro.&#13;\nExpression of undifferentiated state marker Oct4 was down-regulated and&#13;\nmesodermal marker Brachyury was expressed at early stage. Thereafter,&#13;\nexpressions of cardiac-specifi c markers such as Nkx 2.5, cardiac troponin&#13;\n(cTn) I, myosin heavy chain (MHC), α-actinin and smooth muscle actin were&#13;\nconfi rmed at 20 days. The expression of calcium channels markers such as&#13;\nKv 1.4, 2.1, 4.3, HCN1, 2, 4 was detected from early stage of differentiation&#13;\nby RT-PCR.&#13;\nConclusion: We demonstrated that differentiation from hESCs into&#13;\ncardiomyocytes was successfully induced by direct differentiation protocol&#13;\nusing BMP2 during a short-term culture in vitro (SC1150 and No. 2009-&#13;\n0071924).
Imidazo(1,2-a)pyridines. III. Synthesis and Bradycardic Activity of New 5-Imidazo(1,2-a)pyridin-6-ylpyridine Derivatives. (1992)

Structural modification of the cardiotonic agent, loprinone (E-1020, 1), suggested by data that it has a less positive chronotropic effect than milrinone (15), led us to find novel bradycardic agents that were structurally different from homoveratryl amine derivatives. Alkyl-oxy, -thio, and -amino derivatives at the 2-position of the pyridine ring of 1 produced bradycardic activity without a significant effect on blood pressure and myocardial contractility. Aryloxy analogues also decreased heart rate, and members with an electron-withdrawing group at the ortho position of the phenyl ring showed higher activity. Replacement of the imidazo[1,2-alpha]pyridine with pyridine resulted in diminished activity. The mechanism of bradycardic activity of these compounds seems to be direct action on the sinus node.
Microbial β‐Galactosidases of industrial importance: Computational studies on the effects of point mutations on the lactose hydrolysis reaction (2020)

Hydrolysis efficiency of β-galactosidases is affected due to a strong inhibition by galactose, hampering the complete lactose hydrolysis. One alternative to reduce this inhibition is to perform mutations in the enzyme's active site. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of point mutations on the active site of different microbial β-galactosidases, using computational techniques. The enzymes of Aspergillus niger (AnβGal), Aspergillus oryzae (AoβGal), Bacillus circulans (BcβGal), Bifidobacterium bifidum (BbβGal), and Kluyveromyces lactis (KlβGal) were used. The mutations were carried out in all residues that were up to 4.5 Å from the galactose/lactose molecules and binding energy was computed. The mutants Tyr96Ala (AnβGal), Asn140Ala and Asn199Ala (AoβGal), Arg111Ala and Glu355Ala (BcβGal), Arg122Ala and Phe358Ala (BbβGal), Tyr523Ala, Phe620Ala, and Trp582Ala (KlβGal) had the best results, with higher effect on galactose binding energy and lower effect on lactose affinity. To maximize enzyme reactions by reducing galactose affinity, double mutations were proposed for BcβGal, BbβGal, and KlβGal. The double mutations in BcβGal and BbβGal caused the highest reduction in galactose affinity, while no satisfactory results were observed to KlβGal. Using computational tools, mutants that reduced galactose affinity without significantly affecting lactose binding were proposed. The mutations proposed can be used to reduce the negative feedback process, improving the catalytic characteristics of β-galactosidases and rendering them promising for industrial applications.
High-Efficiency Single-Molecule Detection within Trapped Aqueous Microdroplets (2010)

Aqueous droplets were used as a tool to confine a molecular population and enable highly efficient detection at the single-molecule level. Picoliter-sized aqueous droplets were generated using classical multiphase microfluidics with an aqueous stream containing the analyte under investigation and an oil carrier phase. The droplets were then localized and isolated in specially designed trapping areas within the microfluidic channel to provide a static environment for detection of the encapsulated molecules. We show that by continuously flowing the carrier oil phase while holding the aqueous stationary, we can significantly improve on measuring repeat single-molecule events. Further, we find that the flowing oil stream induces a circulation within the trapped droplets which is proportional to the volumetric flow velocity. This circulation phenomenon allows a given molecule to be detected multiple times during an experiment and can therefore be used for performing time-dependent single-molecule analysis.
Thrombocytosis has a negative prognostic value in lung cancer. (2013)

Our study indicates that the presence of perioperative thrombocytosis in patients undergoing surgery should be considered as an independent prognostic factor of poor survival, and should be taken into account in regard to therapy.
Wave dispersoin and resonant deposition profiles of electron-cyclotron Gaussian beams in toroidal plasmas (1995)

A peculiarity of the quasi-optical propagation of a Gaussian beam of electromagnetic waves is that it requires a treatment taking account, step by step, of all of its rays together. The dispersion relation from which such a ray- tracing may be deduced is in fact characterized not only by the medium where the beam is launched but also by the intrinsic beam structure. The behaviour of three-dimensional Gaussian beams in the electron-cyclotron frequency range is considered, with particular attention paid to their propagation in toroidal plasmas of fusion interest (with ITER-like parameters and various magnetic equilibrium configurations), to the generality of their launching conditions and to their power deposition profiles around resonant layers.
HyperKvasir, A Comprehensive Multi-Class Image and Video Dataset for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (2019)

Artificial intelligence is currently a hot topic in medicine. The fact that medical data is often sparse and hard to obtain due to legal restrictions and lack of medical personnel to perform the cumbersome and tedious labeling of the data leads to limitations for what would be possible to achieve with automatic analysis. In this respect, this article presents HyperKvasir which is the largest image and video dataset of the gastrointestinal tract available today. The data is collected during real gastro- and colonoscopy examinations at Bærum Hospital in Norway and partly labeled by experienced gastrointestinal endoscopists. The dataset contains 110,079 images and 373 videos and represents anatomical landmarks and pathological and normal findings. The total number of images and video frames together is around 1,17 million. Initial experiments demonstrate the potential benefits of artificial intelligence-based computer assisted diagnosis systems. The HyperKvasir dataset can play an important role in developing better algorithms and computer assisted examination systems not just for gastro- and colonoscopy, butpossible also other fields in medicine.
Fine-Mapping of the Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene mlxbd in the Common Wheat Landrace Xiaobaidong (2019)

Powdery mildew, which is caused by <i>Blumeria graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> (<i>Bgt</i>), is a disease of wheat worldwide. Xiaobaidong is a Chinese wheat landrace, which still maintains good resistance against powdery mildew. To obtain more genetic markers closely linked to the powdery mildew resistance gene <i>mlxbd</i> and narrow the candidate region for its isolation, new simple sequence repeats and cross intron-spanning markers were designed based on the genome sequence of <i>Triticum aestivum</i> cultivar Chinese Spring chromosome 7BL. The flanking markers <i>7BLSSR49</i> and <i>WGGC5746</i> were found to be tightly linked to <i>mlxbd</i> at genetic distances of 0.4 cM and 0.3 cM, respectively. The resistance locus was mapped to a 63.40 kb and 0.29 Mb region of the Chinese Spring genome and Zavitan genome, respectively. The linked markers of <i>mlxbd</i> could be used as diagnostic markers for <i>mlxbd</i>. The linked molecular markers and delineated genomic region in the sequenced Chinese Spring genome will assist the future map-based cloning of <i>mlxbd</i>.
Examination of Seismic Repeatability as a Key Element of Time-Lapse Seismic Monitoring (1998)

Abstract The propagation of elastic waves in rocks is determined by the bulk modulus, shear modulus and bulk density of the rock. In porous rocks all these properties are affected by the distribution of pore space, the geometry and inter-connectivity of the pores, and the nature of the fluid occupying the pore space. In addition, the bulk and shear moduli are also affected by the effective pressure, equivalent to the difference between the confining (or lithostatic) pressure and pore pressure. During production of hydrocarbons from a reservoir, the movement of fluids and changes in pore pressure may contribute to a significant change in the elastic moduli and bulk density of the reservoir rocks. This phenomenon is the basis for reservoir monitoring by repeated seismic (or time- lapse) surveys whereby the difference in seismic response during the lifetime of the field can be directly related to changes in the pore fluids and/or pore pressure. Under suitable conditions, these changes in the reservoir during production can be quantitatively estimated by appropriate repeat 3D seismic surveys which can contribute to the understanding of the reservoir model away from the wells. The benefit to reservoir management is a better flow model which incorporates the information derived from the seismic data. What are suitable conditions? There are two primary factors which determine whether the reservoir changes we wish to observe will be detectable in the seismic data: The magnitude of the change in the elastic moduli (and bulk density) of the reservoir rocks as a result of fluid displacement, pressure changes etc. The magnitude of the repeatability errors between time- lapse seismic surveys. This includes errors associated with seismic data collection, ambient noise and data processing. The first is the signal component and the second the noise component. Previous reviews of seismic monitoring suggest that for 3D seismic surveys, a signal-to-noise ratio of 1.0 is sufficient for qualitative estimation of reservoir changes. Higher S/N ratios may allow quantitative estimates. After a brief examination of the rock physics affecting the seismic signal, we examine the second factor, repeatability errors, and use a synthetic seismic model to illustrate some of the factors which contribute to repeatability error. We also use two land 3D surveys over a Middle East carbonate reservoir to illustrate seismic repeatabilty. The study finds that repeatability errors, while always larger than desired, are generally within limits which will allow production-induced changes in seismic reflectivity be confidently detected. P. 519
Second-Harmonic Current Reduction and Dynamic Performance Improvement in the Two-Stage Inverters: An Output Impedance Perspective (2014)

The instantaneous output power of the two-stage single-phase inverter pulsates at twice the output voltage frequency, resulting in the second-harmonic current (SHC) in the front-end dc-dc converter. In this paper, a basic approach is proposed from the perspective of the output impedance to give considerations to both the SHC reduction and dynamic performance improvement, indicating that the output impedance of the front-end dc-dc converter should be designed relatively high at twice the output voltage frequency while relatively low at other frequencies. According to the proposed approach, one virtual impedance is introduced to be in series with the original output impedance while the other one is in parallel with the intermediate dc bus capacitor. Taking the buck-derived front-end dc-dc converter as an example, the implementation of the virtual impedance is presented, based on which, different control schemes in the previous publications can be synthesized. Finally, a 1-kVA prototype is fabricated in the laboratory and a comparative study is conducted on four different control schemes by both the theoretical analysis and experimental verification.
Extraction of apparatuses in a thermal image using installation pattern of them and detection of a faulty apparatus by local temperature gradient (2002)

A thermal image has been often used to inspect a power apparatus. If an automatic diagnosis method for the apparatuses by thermal images is developed, it makes inspection more efficiently. Then, a new method of diagnosis of a power distribution apparatus by a thermal image is developed as one of functions incorporated into a monitoring device that moves on a ground wire. The method consists of both extraction of an apparatus from a thermal image by using installation pattern of apparatuses and detection ofa faulty apparatus by local temperature gradient. The experiments with the proposed method were done under many different conditions like different weather, time, and season. An error rate of 3%is obtained with the experiments of extraction of an apparatus. And an error rate of 17% is obtained with the experiments of detection ofa malfunctioning apparatus. The proposed method could extract and detect them except the case that the distance between a pole and an infrared camera was so far that the intensity sensitivity was not sufficient.
Interconnection driven VLSI module placement based on quadratic programming and considering congestion using LFF principles (2004)

In VLSI module placement interconnection behavior becomes increasingly important. Less flexibility first (LFF) principle is derived from human accumulated experience. An interconnection driven VLSI module placement algorithm based on LFF principles is proposed in this paper. We first use quadratic programming to optimize the total wire-length of the placement and then using a deterministic recursive partition rectangle packing algorithm based on LFF principles with consideration of congestion to implement the placement in an estimated fixed die area. Experimental results show efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Voting based fault isolation of in-vehicle multi-sensors (2008)

This paper describes fault isolation of dead reckoning and laser range sensor (LRS) for mobile robot. Our mobile robot is equipped with three LRSs for omnidirectional sensing. The robot estimates its own linear and turning velocities based on the information of each LRS as well as dead reckoning. The iterative-closest-point based scan matching is applied for estimating the robot velocities with LRS in usual indoor environments. Fault isolation is based on a voting approach; the velocity estimates with the four sensors (three LRSs and one dead reckoning) are compared with each other, and the sensor whose velocity estimates do not match the others is decided as the faulty one. Experimental results validate our voting based fault isolation of multi-sensors.
Modulation of leukemia inhibitory factor gene expression and protein biosynthesis in human endometrium. (1995)

Implantation is the process by which the blastocyst becomes intimately connected with the maternal endometrium/decidua. The independently developing preimplantation blastocyst then becomes dependent on the maternal environment for its continued development. Although the factors involved in the regulation of blastocyst implantation are incompletely understood, recent studies strongly suggest a critical role for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in mice. We showed previously that LIF acts on human trophoblasts to shift their differentiation toward the anchoring phenotype by increasing the synthesis of fibronectin. In the present study, we first evaluated the temporal expression of LIF in the human endometrium in order to gain further insights into the role of LIF in human implantation. We established the LIF is expressed in the endometrium in a menstrual cycle-dependent manner. The most abundant LIF messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels are observed in the mid- and late-luteal phase samples. LIF mRNA was also present in decidual tissues of first trimester of pregnancy, but levels were lower than those found in the midluteal endometrium. We then investigated the regulation of LIF expression in human endometrial cells in culture by cytokines, steroid hormones, and growth factors. We could not show any direct stimulatory evidence of steroid hormones (estradiol and progestins) on LIF mRNA expression or protein production by endometrial cells in culture. On the other hand, we showed that interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta are potent inducers of LIF expression in endometrial stromal cells in culture in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Interferon-gamma acted to inhibit LIF expression induced by these cytokines. In contrast, we found high constitutive and relatively less regulated levels of LIF mRNA in the endometrial gland cells. The timing of the expression of LIF in the endometrium suggests a potential role in the implantation. The regulation of the expression of LIF may have an important role in the physiological and pathological processes involving human implantation.
Microwave transistors: Theory and design (1971)

Microwave transistors are useful as small-signal amplifiers to 6 GHz and power amplifiers to 4 GHz. Nearly all microwave transistors are of the silicon planar type. Power transistors use three types of geometries--interdigitated, overlay, and mesh--while small-signal transistors use interdigitated only. The general theory of the frequency response of transistors is reviewed, including active and inactive elements. A condensed description of the design and processing steps for a silicon microwave transistor is given. A final section deals with the types of high-frequency measurements used in the design and analysis of transistors.
LSC 2013 abstract - Volatile compounds of exhaled breath in lung cancer and lung inflammatory disease (2013)

Challenging approach is to try to diagnose lung diseases by analysis of exhaled breath that contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The aims: of this study was to compare the concentrations of VOCs in exhaled air of lung cancer patients and patients with inflammatory lung diseases and healthy controls. Materials and methods: four study groups were formed – 31 patients - lung cancer, 19 with COPD, 11 - pneumonia and 10 healthy volunteers. Before collection of exhaled air patients lungs were washed for 5 minutes with filtered air. Exhaled breath samples were collected on termodesorbtion tubes and later analyzed on gas chromatograph / mass spectrometer. Results: Mean concentrations of VOCs are shown in the table. p 95% CI – 95% confidence interval of mean value Conclusions: Exhaled air of lung cancer patients contain less amounts of light spirits and hydrocarbons, compared to controls. VOCs spectrum from patients with lung inflammatory diseases doesn9t differ significantly from normal controls.
Inhibitory Activities of Alkyl Syringates and Related Compounds on Aflatoxin Production (2016)

Inhibitors of aflatoxin production of aflatoxigenic fungi are useful for preventing aflatoxin contamination in crops. As methyl syringate weakly inhibits aflatoxin production, aflatoxin production inhibitory activities of additional alkyl syringates with alkyl chains from ethyl to octyl were examined. Inhibitory activity toward aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus became stronger as the length of the alkyl chains on the esters became longer. Pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, and octyl syringates showed strong activity at 0.05 mM. Heptyl and octyl parabens, and octyl gallate also inhibited aflatoxin production as strongly as octyl syringate. Alkyl parabens and alkyl gallates inhibit the complex II activity of the mitochondrial respiration chain; thus, whether alkyl syringates inhibit complex II activity was examined. Inhibitory activities of alkyl syringates toward complex II also became stronger as the length of the alkyl chains increased. The complex II inhibitory activity of octyl syringate was comparable to that of octyl paraben and octyl gallate. These results suggest that alkyl syringates, alkyl parabens, and alkyl gallates, including commonly used food additives, are useful for aflatoxin control.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallization of Molecular Systems from Solution: Phase Diagrams, Supersaturation and Other Basic Concepts (2014)

Abstract Review: tutorial review; 41 refs.
Image enhancement method based on wavelet and adaptive fractional differential (2017)

To acquire images with abundant detail features and obvious differences among weak details, an improved image enhancement method based on wavelet and adaptive fractional differential is proposed in this paper. According to differential box-counting method, the fractal dimension and the differential order can be obtained. Afterwards the fractional filter templates of removing the horizontal direction, removing the vertical direction and removing the diagonal direction are designed. For the sake of extracting more image edge information, the wavelet coefficients of time-frequency decomposition are processed by the corresponding templates, and the processed wavelet coefficients will be reconstructed and linearly superimposed to obtain the enhanced images and the edge images. The experimental results show that this improved method can preserve the low-frequency information of the image non-linearly. The ability to enhance and extract the high-frequency edge information is superior to that of Tiansi algorithm and other improved algorithms referred in this paper. The method can also determine the ideal differential order adaptively, thereby achieving the optimal enhancement effects.
Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobial and Biofilm‐Disrupting Hydrogels: Stereocomplex‐Driven Supramolecular Assemblies (2012)

Fighting the resistance: biodegradable and injectable/moldable hydrogels with hierarchical nanostructures were made with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and biofilm-disruption capability. They demonstrate no cytotoxicity in vitro, and show excellent skin biocompatibility in animals. These hydrogels have great potential for clinical use in prevention and treatment of various multidrug-resistant infections.
Directional Solidification (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Background Fabrication Methods Ceramic Eutectic Systems Applications of Ceramic Eutectics Conclusions and Final Remarks Acknowledgments References
Clinical utility of convolutional neural networks for treatment planning in radiotherapy for spinal metastases (2022)

We present a feasible approach for automatic vertebral body delineation using two variants of a multi-scale CNN. This approach generates high quality automatic delineations, which can save time in a clinical radiotherapy workflow.