gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New operation mode for stacked-gate flash memory cell (1995)

A new operational mode is proposed that lowers the threshold voltage of a stacked-gate flash memory cell. The mode features the set-up of the word-line voltage and bit-line voltage. An AC signal is applied to a word-line while a bit-line is kept floating after it is charged. The signal is applied to lower the threshold voltage of the cell and to test it. A SPICE simulation of this operation has revealed that the converged voltage of floating gate has negligible dependency on the initial voltage and the tunnel oxide thickness and that the cell threshold voltage is controllable through the world-line voltage. This operation mode is easily applicable to a conventional flash memory. Furthermore, it may allow the use of flash cells in analog applications or in multi-level memory cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
BBDS: Blockchain-Based Data Sharing for Electronic Medical Records in Cloud Environments (2017)

Disseminating medical data beyond the protected cloud of institutions poses severe risks to patients’ privacy, as breaches push them to the point where they abstain from full disclosure of their condition. This situation negatively impacts the patient, scientific research, and all stakeholders. To address this challenge, we propose a blockchain-based data sharing framework that sufficiently addresses the access control challenges associated with sensitive data stored in the cloud using immutability and built-in autonomy properties of the blockchain. Our system is based on a permissioned blockchain which allows access to only invited, and hence verified users. As a result of this design, further accountability is guaranteed as all users are already known and a log of their actions is kept by the blockchain. The system permits users to request data from the shared pool after their identities and cryptographic keys are verified. The evidence from the system evaluation shows that our scheme is lightweight, scalable, and efficient.
Identification of histatins as tannin-binding proteins in human saliva (1995)

Tannins have a number of detrimental biological effects and these include interference with normal growth and metabolism if they are present in the feed of various animals. Proline-rich proteins (PRPs) in saliva have been shown to provide protection against tannin, but little is known about the mechanism of protection and interaction of other salivary proteins with tannin. To identify tannin-binding human salivary proteins, parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva samples were adsorbed with tannin. PRPs, and in particular a group of low-M(r) proteins, were readily precipitated by tannin. The low-M(r) proteins were purified from parotid saliva and demonstrated to be histatins, a family of well-characterized histidine-rich salivary proteins. The ability of synthetic histatin 5, as well as an acidic PRP (PRP-1) and gelatin to precipitate quebracho condensed tannin and tannic acid was determined. At pH 7.4 histatin 5 was the most effective precipitant of both condensed tannin and tannic acid and it also precipitated the largest amount of condensed tannin at pH 3.0, but the smallest amount of tannic acid at that pH. In contrast PRP-1 showed a greater ability to precipitate both condensed tannin and tannic acid at pH 3.0 than at pH 7.4. Under most circumstances histatin 5 was therefore more effective in precipitating tannins than proteins with high proline content which generally have been recognized as strong precipitants of tannin. Pre-incubation of tannic acid with alpha-amylase inhibited the enzyme, but addition of histatin 5 or the acidic PRP PIF-s protected amylase from inhibition by tannin. Similarly salivary proteins may protect other biological activities in the digestive tract from inhibition by dietary tannin.
STARC's Semiconductor Design Technology Research Activities and the HiSIM2 Advanced MOSFET Model Project (2007)

STARC (Semiconductor Technology Academic Research Center) is a research consortium co-founded by major Japanese semiconductor companies, whose mission is to contribute to the growth of the Japanese semiconductor industry by developing leading-edge SoC design technologies. One of the achievements enabled by the academia collaboration is HiSIM (Hiroshima University STARC IGFET Model) an advanced MOSFET Model. The HiSIM2 version includes required features in modeling for the 45 nm technology node and beyond such as the STI effect. A major development is an improved model consistency, which enables even modeling of the technology variation accurately. HiSIM2 realizes both accurate and fast circuit simulation.
Dynamic Moiré Interferometry Studies of Stress Wave and Crack-Tip Diffraction Events in 1018 Steel (1988)

A study of stress wave propagation around localized crack-tip regions in engineering materials is presented. The principal tool of this initial investigation is dynamic moiré interferometry, which yields full-field continuum boundary conditions of surface displacement in a real-time optical processing manner. The displacement sensitivity employed for this study is 3.3 μm; however, the displacement sensitivity can be as high as 0.2 μm. The spatial resolution developed is less than 1 mm. After a brief review of the technique of dynamic moiré interferometry, the study of a longitudinal pulse, interacting with an artificial crack in a finite steel bar, is presented. Equations for the near-tip elastic dynamic crack displacements will be reexamined to extract localized elastic dynamic stress-intensity factors in light of the capabilities of dynamic moiré interferometry.
Fluid absorption in the isolated midgut of adult female yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) (2015)

The transepithelial voltage (Vte) and the volume of isolated posterior midguts of adult female yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) were monitored. In all experiments, the initial Vte after filling the midgut was lumen negative, but subsequently became lumen positive at a rate of approximately 1 mV min(-1). Simultaneously, the midgut volume decreased, indicating spontaneous fluid absorption. When the midguts were filled and bathed with mosquito saline, the average rate of fluid absorption was 36.5±3.0 nl min(-1) (N=4, ±s.e.m.). In the presence of theophylline (10 mmol l(-1)), Vte reached significantly higher lumen-positive values, but the rate of fluid absorption was not affected (N=6). In the presence of NaCN (5 mmol l(-1)), Vte remained close to 0 mV (N=4) and fluid absorption was reduced (14.4±1.3 nl min(-1), N=3, ±s.e.m.). When midguts were filled with buffered NaCl (154 mmol l(-1) plus 1 mmol l(-1) HEPES) and bathed in mosquito saline with theophylline, fluid absorption was augmented (50.0±5.8 nl min(-1), N=12, ±s.e.m.). Concanamycin A (10 µmol l(-1)), ouabain (1 mmol l(-1)), and acetazolamide (1 mmol l(-1)) affected Vte in different ways, but all reduced fluid absorption by 60-70% of the value before addition of the drugs.
Book Reviews (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleBook ReviewsRonald Liotta, John Crelling, Karl Vorres, Richard Herman, David Axelson, and Bernard SchulmanCite this: Energy Fuels 1989, 3, 5, 647–650Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online3 December 2003Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00017a600https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00017a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The molecular toolbox for chromosomal heterologous multiprotein expression in Escherichia coli (2012)

Heterologous multiprotein expression is the tool to answer a number of questions in basic science as well as to convert strains into producers and/or consumers of certain compounds in applied sciences. Multiprotein expression can be driven by plasmids with the disadvantages that the gene dosage might, in some cases, lead to toxic effects and that the continuous addition of antibiotics is undesirable. Stable genomic expression of proteins can forgo these problems and is a helpful and promising tool in synthetic biology. In the present paper, we provide an extract of methods from the toolbox for chromosome-based heterologous expression in Escherichia coli.
Enantiomeric synthesis of the .beta.-lactone precursor of the HMG-CoA synthase inhibitor (+)-F-(244) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantiomeric synthesis of the .beta.-lactone precursor of the HMG-CoA synthase inhibitor (+)-F-(244)Sompong Wattanasin, Hoang D. Do, Nandkumar Bhongle, and Faizulla G. KathawalaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6, 1610–1612Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00058a057RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (426 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Full-Frame Video Stabilization with (2006)

Video stabilization is an important video enhancement technology which aims at removing annoying shaky motion from videos. We propose a practical and robust approach of video stabilization that produces full-frame stabilized videos with good visual quality. While most previous methods end up with producing smaller size stabilized videos, our completion method can produce full- frame videos by naturally filling in missing image parts by locally aligning image data of neighboring frames. To achieve this, motion inpainting is proposed to enforce spatial and temporal consistency of the completion in both static and dynamic image areas. In addition, image quality in the stabilized video is enhanced with a new practical deblurring algorithm. Instead of estimating point spread functions, our method transfers and interpolates sharper image pixels of neighboring frames to increase the sharpness of the frame. The proposed video completion and deblurring methods enabled us to develop a complete video stabilizer which can naturally keep the original image quality in the stabilized videos. The effectiveness of our method is confirmed by extensive experiments over a wide variety of videos.
Synthesis of Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons on Germanium-on-Silicon (2019)

The synthesis of graphene nanoribbons on complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor-compatible substrates is a significant challenge hindering their integration into commercial semiconductor electronics. Here, the bottom-up synthesis of armchair graphene nanoribbons on epilayers of Ge on Si(001) via chemical vapor deposition is demonstrated. The synthesis leverages the previous discovery that graphene crystal growth can be driven with an extreme shape anisotropy on Ge(001) surfaces to directly form nanoribbons. However, compared to nanoribbon synthesis on Ge(001), synthesis on Ge/Si(001) is complicated by the possibility of Si diffusion to the Ge surface and the presence of threading dislocations. Herein, we demonstrate that similar to Ge(001), armchair nanoribbons with faceted edges and sub-10 nm widths can indeed be grown on Ge/Si(001). The nanoribbon synthesis proceeds faster than the diffusion of Si to the Ge surface if a sufficiently thick Ge epilayer is used (e.g., 3 μm), thereby avoiding competing reactions that form SiC. Moreover, threading dislocations in the Ge epilayer are not observed to affect the nucleation or anisotropic growth kinetics of the nanoribbons. These results demonstrate that previous successes in graphene nanoribbon synthesis on Ge(001) can be extended to Si(001) by using epilayers of Ge, motivating the future exploration of this promising platform for hybrid semiconducting graphene/Si electronics.
Radiative cooling of a GaAs solar cell to improve power conversion efficiency (2016)

Many methods have been proposed to improve the power conversion efficiency of a solar cell beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit, e.g. hot carrier extraction, multi-exciton generation, multi-junction, intermediate bands, etc. Such methods rely on breaking various assumptions about the carrier generation or collection in a single-junction device under one sun illumination. Here we challenge an implicit assumption, i.e. that the device is operating at the ambient temperature of the surroundings. Instead, we show that a photonic material can be placed in contact with the solar cell in order to improve thermal emission and hence cool the solar cell. As the solar cell is passively cooled, the efficiency goes up. As an example, we consider a single-junction GaAs solar cell and find that the device with a radiative cooler has a temperature 18 °C less than a typical GaAs solar cell operating at standard operating conditions, yielding improvement in the power conversion efficiency.
Prognostic Factors for Survival in Adult Patients With Recurrent Glioma Enrolled Onto the New Approaches to Brain Tumor Therapy CNS Consortium Phase I and II Clinical Trials (2007)

Initial histology, age, KPS, and corticosteroid use are prognostic for survival in recurrent glioma patients. To allow comparisons across phase II trials, enrollment criteria may need to be restricted.
OCULAR TRAUMA DURING AMNIOCENTESIS (1974)

A 17-month-old infant had a histologically documented congenital epithelial cyst of the anterior chamber. The only possible source of antenatal penetrating trauma was transabdominal amniocentesis performed at 34 weeks of gestation for determination of erythroblastosis fetalis status. The morphologic structure of the cyst as well as the nature of ocular abnormalities observed from birth are consistent with the hypothesis that ocular penetration occurred during this procedure.
Two Distinct Sources of Elicited Reactive Oxygen Species in Tobacco Epidermal Cells. (1997)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a prominent role in early and later stages of the plant pathogenesis response, putatively acting as both cellular signaling molecules and direct antipathogen agents. A single-cell assay, based on the fluorescent probe dichlorofluorescein, was used to scrutinize the generation and movement of ROS in tobacco epidermal tissue. ROS, generated within cells, quickly moved apoplastically as H2O2 into neighboring cells. Two classes of rapidly elicited intracellular ROS, originating from distinct sources, were distinguished. Cryptogein, the fungal elicitor from Phytophthora cryptogea, induced ROS from a flavin-containing oxidase source. ROS accumulation could be inhibited by a number of pharmacological agents, suggesting induction through an active signal transduction pathway. The insensitivity of the increase in ROS to the external addition of enzymes that dissipate ROS suggests that this oxidative increase is primarily intracellular. In contrast, amines and polyamines, compounds that form during wounding and pathogenesis, induced ROS at an apoplastic site from peroxidase- or amine oxidase-type enzyme(s). Salicylic acid, a putative inhibitor of cellular catalases and peroxidases, did not induce cellular ROS, as measured by dichlorofluorescein fluorescence. The physiological relevance of ROS-generated signals was indicated by the rapid alteration of the epidermal cell glutathione pool and the cellular redox state. In addition, induction of ROS by all elicitors was correlated with subsequent cell death.
Chapter 10. Inorganic and organometallic polymers (1994)

I. Manners, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A: Inorg. Chem., 1994, 91, 131 DOI: 10.1039/IC9949100131
Histopathologic and Clinical Features of Medullary Microcarcinoma and C-Cell Hyperplasia in Prophylactic Thyroidectomies for Medullary Carcinoma: A Study of 42 Cases (2008)

Abstract Context. —Prophylactic thyroidectomies are increasingly performed on patients at risk for developing medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC); consequently, pathologists are more commonly encountering these specimens in routine practice. Objective. —To describe the detailed clinicopathologic features of prophylactic thyroidectomies for medullary carcinoma. Design. —We present a retrospective series of 42 prophylactic thyroidectomies for MTC performed for one or more of the following: family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) or MTC, elevated serum calcitonin level, or detection of a RET proto-oncogene mutation. Results. —Patients included 22 men and 20 women (mean age, 26.2 years). Among those with known RET proto-oncogene mutations, affected sites included exons 10, 11, 14, and 16. In 93% (n = 39) of cases, either C-cell hyperplasia (n = 36), medullary microcarcinoma (MMC; n = 29), or medullary macrocarcinoma (n = 1) was found. C-cell hyperplasia was often multifocal (n = 30) and bilateral (n = 23) and included both nonnodular and nodular patterns. A total of 94% of C-cell hyperplasia cases and all MMC cases were microscopically detectable using hematoxylin-eosin stains. The MMCs were characterized by a complex microarchitectural pattern with a desmoplastic stromal response (n = 29) and focal amyloid deposition (n = 12). Most MMCs exhibited a solid pattern (n = 24) of round, polygonal, spindled, or plasmacytoid-shaped cells. Only 1 case of MMC showed evidence of metastatic disease to a pretracheal lymph node. Conclusions. —Based upon our clinicopathologic findings and review of the literature, we conclude that thyroidectomies in at-risk patients are very frequently associated with C-cell hyperplasia and/or MMC; however, the clinical prognosis for these patients is very good.
Concluding remarks: from match to flamethrower (2011)

These remarks give some impressions of Faraday Discussion 152 from the point of view of an outsider and suggest a number of actions which might help bind the Gold Catalysis Community more strongly and increase the long term impact of their science.
Learning Across Tasks and Domains (2019)

Recent works have proven that many relevant visual tasks are closely related one to another. Yet, this connection is seldom deployed in practice due to the lack of practical methodologies to transfer learned concepts across different training processes. In this work, we introduce a novel adaptation framework that can operate across both task and domains. Our framework learns to transfer knowledge across tasks in a fully supervised domain (e.g., synthetic data) and use this knowledge on a different domain where we have only partial supervision (e.g., real data). Our proposal is complementary to existing domain adaptation techniques and extends them to cross tasks scenarios providing additional performance gains. We prove the effectiveness of our framework across two challenging tasks (i.e., monocular depth estimation and semantic segmentation) and four different domains (Synthia, Carla, Kitti, and Cityscapes).
Pulse profile registration using self-mixing in a diode laser (2002)

An arterial pulse profile was registered using an optical self-mixing in a diode laser. This system was able to detect pulsation profiles of major arteries with potentially useful information including pulse wave velocity and profile of pulse pressure. The basis of the registration was the self-mixing that occurred in the diode laser cavity when the radiation scattered back by the skin into the laser interfered with the field inside it and caused a change of laser pump current. The self-mixing signal was extracted by two different ways simultaneously: with using a photodiode accommodated in the rear facet of the diode laser package and normally used for monitoring of the laser power and with a help of small resistance resistor from the laser pump current. The described self-mixing method has the same sensitivity but the significant advantages of simplicity, compactness, and robustness as well as the self-aligning and self-detecting abilities when compared with the use of conventional interference methods.
A model-based expert system for interpretation of hemodynamic data from ICU patients (2002)

With the proliferation of modern monitoring and laboratory procedures, physicians in intensive care areas may face "information overload", in dealing with very large, complex and ever-changing quantities of clinical data, which often lacks efficient organization. This research analyzes the medical knowledge required for formulating decision models in the domain of hemodynamics. Based on such analysis, a knowledge based expert system to track a patient's hemodynamic state has been developed and evaluated in a laboratory setting. The initial phase of the work utilizes a cardiovascular simulator to generate "pseudo-ICU" waveforms as input to the expert system in order to guide the development of the matrix of rules and search strategies. A number of pathological simulations have been successfully analyzed by this model-based expert system, including examples of hypertension, left ventricular failure, hypovolemia, pulmonary hypertension, etc. We conclude that our approach is practical, and provides a mechanism for transforming and reducing real-time physiologic data into pathophysiologic hypotheses relevant to the management of patients.