gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis strategies in the search for hierarchical zeolites (2012)

Great interest has arisen in the past years in the development of hierarchical zeolites, having at least two levels of porosities. Hierarchical zeolites show an enhanced accessibility, leading to improved catalytic activity in reactions suffering from steric and/or diffusional limitations. Moreover, the secondary porosity offers an ideal space for the deposition of additional active phases and for functionalization with organic moieties. However, the secondary surface represents a discontinuity of the crystalline framework, with a low connectivity and a high concentration of silanols. Consequently, hierarchical zeolites exhibit a less "zeolitic behaviour" than conventional ones in terms of acidity, hydrophobic/hydrophilic character, confinement effects, shape-selectivity and hydrothermal stability. Nevertheless, this secondary surface is far from being amorphous, which provides hierarchical zeolites with a set of novel features. A wide variety of innovative strategies have been developed for generating a secondary porosity in zeolites. In the present review, the different synthetic routes leading to hierarchical zeolites have been classified into five categories: removal of framework atoms, surfactant-assisted procedures, hard-templating, zeolitization of preformed solids and organosilane-based methods. Significant advances have been achieved recently in several of these alternatives. These include desilication, due to its versatility, dual templating with polyquaternary ammonium surfactants and framework reorganization by treatment with surfactant-containing basic solutions. In the last two cases, the materials so prepared show both mesoscopic ordering and zeolitic lattice planes. Likewise, interesting results have been obtained with the incorporation of different types of organosilanes into the zeolite crystallization gels, taking advantage of their high affinity for silicate and aluminosilicate species. Crystallization of organofunctionalized species favours the formation of organic-inorganic composites that, upon calcination, are transformed into hierarchical zeolites. However, in spite of this impressive progress in novel strategies for the preparation of hierarchical zeolites, significant challenges are still ahead. The overall one is the development of methods that are versatile in terms of zeolite structures and compositions, capable of tuning the secondary porosity properties, and being scaled up in a cost-effective way. Recent works have demonstrated that it is possible to scale-up easily the synthesis of hierarchical zeolites by desilication. Economic aspects may become a significant bottleneck for the commercial application of hierarchical zeolites since most of the synthesis strategies so far developed imply the use of more expensive procedures and reagents compared to conventional zeolites. Nevertheless, the use of hierarchical zeolites as efficient catalysts for the production of high value-added compounds could greatly compensate these increased manufacturing costs.
K-Cl cotransport in vascular smooth muscle and erythrocytes: possible implication in vasodilation (2000)

K-Cl cotransport, the electroneutral-coupled movement of K and Cl ions, plays an important role in regulatory volume decrease. We recently reported that nitrite, a nitric oxide derivative possessing potent vasodilation properties, stimulates K-Cl cotransport in low-K sheep red blood cells (LK SRBCs). We hypothesized that activation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) K-Cl cotransport by vasodilators decreases VSM tension. Here we tested this hypothesis by comparing the effects of commonly used vasodilators, hydralazine (HYZ), sodium nitroprusside, isosorbide mononitrate, and pentaerythritol, on K-Cl cotransport in LK SRBCs and in primary cultures of rat VSM cells (VSMCs) and of HYZ-induced K-Cl cotransport activation on relaxation of isolated porcine coronary rings. K-Cl cotransport was measured as the Cl-dependent K efflux or Rb influx in the presence and absence of inhibitors for other K/Rb transport pathways. All vasodilators activated K-Cl cotransport in LK SRBCs and HYZ in VSMCs, and this activation was inhibited by calyculin and genistein, two inhibitors of K-Cl cotransport. KT-5823, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase G, abolished the sodium nitroprusside-stimulated K-Cl cotransport in LK SRBCs, suggesting involvement of the cGMP pathway in K-Cl cotransport activation. Hydralazine, in a dose-dependent manner, and sodium nitroprusside relaxed (independently of the endothelium) precontracted arteries when only K-Cl cotransport was operating and other pathways for K/Rb transport, including the Ca-activated K channel, were inhibited. Our findings suggest that K-Cl cotransport may be involved in vasodilation.
How the Structural Gene Products of Yersinia Pestis Relate to Virulence (2007)

Bubonic plague is the most devastating acute infectious disease known to man. The causative agent, Yersinia pestis, is now more firmly entrenched in sylvatic reservoirs throughout the world than at any time in the past. Consequently, the organism increasingly causes casual human disease and is readily available for use as a bioweapon. Recent attempts to understand the severe nature of plague have focused upon its very recent divergence from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, an etiological instrument of chronic enteropathogenic infection. This review emphasizes that the invasive nature of plague and its dissemination by fleabite is mediated by plasmids not shared by enteropathogenic yersiniae. The basis for high lethality is considered within the context of chromosomal degeneration causing loss of normal metabolic functions and modification of virulence factors, permitting a terminal anti-inflammatory phase associated with pronounced septicemia.
Carotid intima-media thickness in young survivors of acute myocardial infarction. (2012)

In young AMI survivors, CIMT appeared to be significantly increased to a greater extent in men than in women. Although most patients had single- or double-vessel coronary disease, the overall increase in CIMT suggests that their coronary events were not due to destabilization of a single focal atheroma but may have reflected a generalized atherosclerotic process.
Physical Layer Security in Uplink NOMA Multi-Antenna Systems With Randomly Distributed Eavesdroppers (2019)

The physical layer security of uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is analyzed. A stochastic geometry approach is applied to analyze the coverage probability and effective secrecy throughput (EST) of the kth NOMA user, where a fixed or an adaptive transmission rate can be used. We consider a protected zone around the legitimate terminals to establish an eavesdropper-exclusion area. We assume that the channel state information associated with eavesdroppers is not available at the base station. We also consider that the base station is equipped with multiple antennas. The impact of imperfect successive interference cancellation is also taken into account in this paper. Our framework allows to compute, numerically, the wiretap code rates that maximize the EST. In addition, our framework also allows an optimum selection of other system parameters, such as the transmit power or the eavesdropper-exclusion radius.
A component by component listening test analysis of the IBM trainable speech synthesis system (2001)

This paper reports on a listening test conducted to determine the impact on speech quality of each component in the IBM Trainable Speech Synthesiser. The study was originally conceived to direct future research effort to those components with the greatest potential for improvement. However, the results and conclusions regarding prosodic modification, concatenation unit length, and decision tree clustering are generally applicable and may be of wider interest.
Effect of Sound Wave Irradiation on Methane Conversion in DC Pulse Discharge Plasma (2009)

The effects of sound wave irradiation were investigated on the efficiency of chemical reaction and product distribution in plasma field generated by DC pulse discharge. Since the discharge plasma provides high energy locally, various chemical reactions ungoverned by thermodynamics can occur. However, the discharge space is extremely confined, which restricts the conversion of feed gas. In this work, the combination of discharge plasma and sound wave irradiation, which increases the vibration motion of the medium particle, was studied. An expansion of streamer into a fan-shape was observed with the irradiation of sound wave. The expansion of the discharge space was positively correlated with the vibration speed of the medium particle (Vs). Accordingly, the effects of sound wave irradiation on the methane conversion (XCH4) were evaluated. When methane diluted in argon (mole fraction of methane was 0.1) was used as the feed gas, methane conversion increased with Vs, and XCH4 at 3.0 m/s of Vs increased to approximately twice that for no sound wave irradiation. This increase in XCH4 resulted from the improvement in the reaction probability due to expansion of the discharge field and change of discharge properties. On the other hand, hydrogen formation and oily and deposit compounds formation were slightly increased. Therefore the enhancement of reaction efficiency and the possibility of product-control of plasma reaction by sound wave combined process were suggested.
Characterization of communications between processes in message-passing applications (2002)

Many research activities have focused on the problem of task scheduling in heterogeneous systems from the computational point of view. However, an ideal scheduling strategy would also take into account the communication requirements of the applications and the communication bandwidth available in the network. One of the major problems to be solved in the development of this scheduling strategy is precisely the measurement of the communication requirements for each application. We propose a clustering-based method to characterize the communications between processes generated by message-passing applications. This technique provides a model consisting of several partitions of the processes generated by the application. Also, we propose a criterion to measure the quality of the obtained partitions. This approach can be used when a given application is repeatedly executed with different input data. Results show that the proposed method can provide a partition with the highest ratio between the intracluster and the intercluster required communication bandwidth. This partition can be used to map groups of processes to processors in the heterogeneous system.
History of Biomimetic, Bioactive and Bioresponsive Biomaterials (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: The First Generation of Biomaterials: The Search for “The Bioinert” The Second Generation of Biomaterials: Biomimetic, Bioresponsive, Bioactive The Third-Generation Biomaterials: Biomimicking Natural Bioactive and Bioresponsive Processes Principles of Biomimesis and Bioactivity Bioactive Biomaterials from Different Natural Sources Scope of This Book References
Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients Who Were Obese With 10 Years Followup (1998)

The 10-year results of primary total knee arthroplasty in patients who were obese were evaluated. In a 2-year period, 120 patients had 165 primary, posterior stabilized, cemented total knee replacements with metal backed tibial components. After exclusions, 56 patients (73 knees) were available for study. Twenty-two patients (32 knees) were classified as obese, and 34 patients (41 knees) were classified as nonobese. At 10 years followup, patients who were obese had lower Knee Society function scores than had the patients who were nonobese (mostly attributable to more difficulty with stair climbing). Patients who were obese had poorer patellar scores at 10 years. Bilaterality was more common in patients who were obese and preoperative knee scores were lower, Minor nonprogressive radiolucent lines were seen more commonly in the patients who were obese. Overall, however, 10-year Hospital for Special Surgery scores and Knee Society scores for patients who were obese were comparable with scores for patients who were nonobese and given lower preoperative Hospital for Special Surgery scores, improvement in knee score was greater. Revision rates in patients who were obese were not higher than in patients who were nonobese at 10 years followup. More study is needed of the subgroup of patients who were morbidly obese.
Parallel in-situ data processing with speculative loading (2014)

Traditional databases incur a significant data-to-query delay due to the requirement to load data inside the system before querying. Since this is not acceptable in many domains generating massive amounts of raw data, e.g., genomics, databases are entirely discarded. External tables, on the other hand, provide instant SQL querying over raw files. Their performance across a query workload is limited though by the speed of repeated full scans, tokenizing, and parsing of the entire file. In this paper, we propose SCANRAW, a novel database physical operator for in-situ processing over raw files that integrates data loading and external tables seamlessly while preserving their advantages: optimal performance across a query workload and zero time-to-query. Our major contribution is a parallel super-scalar pipeline implementation that allows SCANRAW to take advantage of the current many- and multi-core processors by overlapping the execution of independent stages. Moreover, SCANRAW overlaps query processing with loading by speculatively using the additional I/O bandwidth arising during the conversion process for storing data into the database such that subsequent queries execute faster. As a result, SCANRAW makes optimal use of the available system resources -- CPU cycles and I/O bandwidth -- by switching dynamically between tasks to ensure that optimal performance is achieved. We implement SCANRAW in a state-of-the-art database system and evaluate its performance across a variety of synthetic and real-world datasets. Our results show that SCANRAW with speculative loading achieves optimal performance for a query sequence at any point in the processing. Moreover, SCANRAW maximizes resource utilization for the entire workload execution while speculatively loading data and without interfering with normal query processing.
An Alu Element from the K18 Gene Confers Position-independent Expression in Transgenic Mice (2000)

We have identified a 323-base pair fragment of the 5'-flanking sequence of the K18 gene, which confers position-independent and copy number-dependent expression on two heterologous transgenes. This fragment is composed primarily of an Alu repetitive element. Its activity in mice is correlated with its RNA polymerase III promoter activity and its orientation-dependent ability to inhibit potential transcriptional interference in a transfection assay. However, the activity of the Alu element is not correlated with its enhancer blocking activity, a characteristic of insulator elements. In addition, this Alu element did not block the suppressive effect of co-injecting mouse alpha satellite DNA with the transgene. This Alu element is likely responsible for at least part of the protective effects of the sequences flanking the K18. These results suggest that transcriptionally active Alu elements may eliminate transcriptional interference of neighboring genes. This Alu element is one component of the locus control region associated with the K18 gene. Other Alu repetitive elements may also function to define regulatory domains.
A Decision Procedure for Well-Founded Reachability (2007)

In earlier work, we introduced the logic of well-founded reachability for reasoning about linked data structures. In this paper, we present a rewriting-based decision procedure for the ground (quantifier-free) logic. We also extend the logic with restricted set constraints to allow specifications involving unbounded collections of objects. We have implemented this decision procedure within a satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) framework. Our implementation substantially improves the automation and the time taken for verifying our benchmarks compared to our earlier approach based on an incomplete axiomatization of well-founded reachability.
Consolidative high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant for patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma using thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide conditioning regimen. (2018)

e14077 Background: Establishing an approach for consolidative therapy for patients with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) that has long-term efficacy and acceptable toxicity remains a challenge. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients undergoing consolidative autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) at our institution using a uniform regimen of thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide (TBC) for PCNSL in first complete remission (CR1) between December 3, 2007 and December 3, 2017. Inclusion criteria were patients ≥18 years old, PCNSL diagnosis (including ocular lymphoma), with consolidative TBC chemotherapy and ASCT in CR1. Exclusion criteria included patients with systemic disease, relapse of disease prior to ASCT, and secondary CNSL. Results: Twenty-one consecutive patients were identified that met criteria. The majority of patients (95%) received induction therapy with rituximab and high dose methotrexate for 2-4 cycles followed by rituximab / cytarabine / thiotepa for 1-2 cycles based on published data (Illerhaus et al, Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 302). Consolidative therapy with TBC chemotherapy and ASCT was then performed. The median time from diagnosis to transplant was 5.1 months (range, 3.7-11.6 months). The median age at diagnosis was 56 years (range, 38-70 years). With a median followup after ASCT of 2.5 years, the 2-year overall survival (OS) was 95% (95% confidence interval (CI) 71%-99%). Among all PCNSL patients undergoing ASCT with TBC regimen (n = 27) beyond CR1, the median followup was 2.7 years with a 2-year OS of 92% (95% CI 73%-98%). Transplant related toxicities included cytopenias (100%), mucositis (71%), neutropenic fever (66%), infection (43%), and dermatologic sequelae (33%). Reversible neurotoxicity (14%) and hemorrhagic cystitis (5%) were also noted. No evidence of pulmonary toxicity or veno-occlusive disease were noted. Conclusions: High dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant using TBC conditioning for PCNSL in CR1 appears to have encouraging long term efficacy with manageable side effects.
A total synthesis of (-)-antirhine. (1986)

Total synthesis of (-)-antirhine (5) has been achieved from a potentially useful chiral synthon, (3R)-[3-hydroxy-(E)-prop-1-enyl]cyclopentanone (2) [derived from (R)-1, 2-isopropylideneglyceraldehyde (1)], via the β, γ-unsaturated aldehyde (12), which was obtained by mild hydrolysis of the α-cyano-N, N-dimethylaminocyclopentanone (11).
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF ALLYLIC SULFONES BY PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED DENITRO‐SULFONYLATION OF ALLYLIC NITRO COMPOUNDS (1985)

Abstract Aus den Nitromethyl‐cycloalkenen (I) er‐ hält man mit Phenylsulfinat (II) unter Katalyse durch Pd‐Salze im wesentlichen die Sulfone (III) neben geringen Anteilen an den Isomeren (IV).
Synthesis and Electrospinning of ε-Polycaprolactone-Bioactive Glass Hybrid Biomaterials via a Sol−Gel Process (2010)

Strategies of bone tissue engineering and regeneration rely on bioactive scaffolds to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) as templates onto which cells attach, multiply, migrate, and function. For this purpose, hybrid biomaterials based on smart combinations of biodegradable polymers and bioactive glasses (BGs) are of particular interest, since they exhibit tailored physical, biological, and mechanical properties, as well as predictable degradation behavior. In this study, hybrid biomaterials with different organic-inorganic ratios were successfully synthesized via a sol-gel process. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and tertiary bioactive glass (BG) with a glass composition of 70 mol % SiO(2), 26 mol % CaO, and 4 mol % of P(2)O(5) were used as the polymer and inorganic phases, respectively. The polymer chains were successfully introduced into the inorganic sol while the networks were formed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to investigate the presence of different chemical groups, structural crystallinity, thermal property, elemental composition, and homogeneity of the synthesized hybrid biomaterials. Identification of chemical groups and the presence of molecular interaction by hydrogen bonding between the organic and inorganic phases was confirmed by FTIR. The XRD patterns showed that all PCL/BG hybrids (up to 60% polymer content) were amorphous. The TGA study revealed that the PCL/BG hybrid biomaterials were thermally stable, and good agreement was observed between the experimental and theoretical organic-inorganic ratios. The SEM/EDX results also revealed a homogeneous elemental distribution and demonstrated the successful incorporation of all the elements in the hybrid system. Finally, these synthesized hybrid biomaterials were successfully electrospun into 3D scaffolds. The resultant fibers have potential use as scaffolds for bone regeneration.
Angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors before and after resolution of maternal mirror syndrome (2011)

Mirror syndrome is a rare condition that involves fetal hydrops, placentomegaly and severe maternal edema. The pathogenesis of this syndrome mimics endothelial dysfunction observed in pre-eclampsia. We report a case of maternal mirror syndrome caused by bilateral fetal hydrothorax that resolved after intrauterine pleuroamniotic shunt placement. At the time of the clinical manifestation there was an antiangiogenic state similar to that seen in pre-eclampsia, which resolved after fetal treatment. Our findings suggest that mirror syndrome is a manifestation of a broad spectrum of pathological conditions that induces an antiangiogenic state.
Ocular and Facial Far-UVC Doses from Ceiling-Mounted 222 nm Far-UVC Fixtures (2022)

Abstract Far-UVC radiation, commonly defined as wavelengths from 200 nm – 235 nm, is a promising tool to help prevent the spread of disease. The unique advantage of far-UVC technology over traditional ultraviolet germicidal irradiation lies in the potential for direct application of far-UVC into occupied spaces since antimicrobial doses of far-UVC are significantly below the recommended daily safe exposure limits. This study used a ceiling-mounted far-UVC fixture emitting at 222 nm to directly irradiate an indoor space and then evaluated the doses received upon a manikin. Radiation sensitive film was affixed to the head, nose, lip, and eyes of the manikin, and the 8-hour equivalent exposure dose was determined. Variables examined included manikin height (sitting or standing position), manikin offset from directly below the fixture, tilt of the manikin, the addition of glasses, the addition of hair, and different anatomical feature sizes. Importantly, at the manikin position with the highest dose to eyes, the average eye dose was only 5.8% of the maximum directly measured dose. These results provide the first experimental analysis of possible exposure doses a human would experience from an indoor far-UVC installation.