gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Binder IIIA, a New Protein Which Binds Corticosteroid Anions (1981)

A new protein binding corticosteroid metabolites has been purified over 300-fold from liver cytosols of adrenalectomized rats, treated for 45 min in vivo with [1,2-3H]cortisol. Purification was accomplished by column chromatography on Sephadex G-25, DEAE-Sephadex A-50, Sephadex G-75, and hydroxylapatite. The protein has a Stokes radius of 2.27 nm by gel filtration and an apparent sedimentation coefficient of 3.0 S by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The calculated molecular weight is 30,700. The bound steroid was extracted and has been shown by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography to be a monosulfate derivative of cortisol. Using liver cytosol from adrenalectomized rats pretreated in vivo for 45 min with [1,2-3H]cortisol plus 1000-fold excess competing steroid, cortisol derivatives and progesterone were shown to be the most active competitors. Testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol were least active as competitors. The synthetic steroids, dexamethasone and triamcinolone, produced little or no competition. The protein has been named corticosteroid-anion binder IIIA in keeping with its elution position from a DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column, compared to other binding proteins. Binder IIIA has been separated chromatographically from the glutathione S-transferases (including ligandin) and protein z described by Arias [Levi, A.J., Gatmaitan, Z. and Arias, I.M. (1969) J. Clin. Invest. 48, 21856-21866], both of which have been shown to bind anionic metabolites. It has been resolved from the activities of transcortin, cortisone 5 beta-reductase, and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
Efficient Design of Real Time Bio-Signal Preprocessing for Wearable Devices (2018)

Wearable devices for body-status monitoring require various signal processing such as ambient noise filtering and signal quality evaluation. While wearable devices are very limited in resource, conventional noise filtering and signal quality evaluating methods consume considerable amount of processing power. Moreover, these conventional methods are not suitable for processing bio-signals in terms of its performance. In this paper, we propose a novel method of preprocessing bio-signals. This preprocessing method includes distortionless noise filtering and signal quality estimation, where both parts are basically based on a simple combination of multiple low pass IIR filters.
Achieving rail-to-rail input operation using level-shift multiplexing technique for all CMOS op-amps (2008)

This paper presents a new design approach which can convert any CMOS operational amplifiers to have rail-to-rail common-mode input capability by utilizing few additional hardware elements. The proposed circuit can operate over a wide range of supply voltages from 1-volt to the maximum allowed for the CMOS process, without degrading the ac and dc performances of the amplifier in question over the rail-to-rail operation.
Quantitative Evaluation of Porosity Effect on Fatigue Strength of High Pressure Die Cast Aluminum Alloy (Part 2, Fatigue Strength Prediction Based on Elastic Stress Field around Pores) (2011)

An empirical prediction method for the fatigue strength considering the effect of porosity was proposed. We prepared six types of specimen of ADC12 high pressure die cast aluminum alloy, where the casting condition was different to each other, and obtained the S-N curve for each specimen type from the fatigue test. The porosity volume fraction for all specimens was calculated using the X-ray CT images. The image-based finite element analysis was also carried out for all specimens to evaluate the maximum first principal stress corresponding to the nominal stress amplitude in the fatigue test. The maximum stress was referred to as the local stress amplitude, and its ratio to the nominal stress amplitude was defined as the local stress concentration factor. We modified the S-N data by using the local stress amplitude instead of the nominal stress amplitude, and obtained a single master S-N curve. From the statistical investigation, the local stress concentration factor was found to be determined empirically by the porosity volume fraction. The relationship was identified by the least-square approximation. Consequently, we found that the fatigue strength was predicted from the porosity volume fraction via the local stress amplitude and the master S-N curve.
Skyrmion–antiskyrmion pair creation and annihilation in a cubic chiral magnet (2022)

Abstract A fundamental property of particles and antiparticles (such as electrons and positrons, respectively) is their ability to annihilate one another. A similar behaviour is predicted for magnetic solitons 1 —localized spin textures that can be distinguished by their topological index Q . Theoretically, magnetic topological solitons with opposite values of Q , such as skyrmions 2 and their antiparticles (namely, antiskyrmions), are expected to be able to continuously merge and annihilate 3 . However, experimental verification of such particle–antiparticle pair production and annihilation processes has been lacking. Here we report the creation and annihilation of skyrmion–antiskyrmion pairs in an exceptionally thin film of the cubic chiral magnet of B20-type FeGe observed using transmission electron microscopy. Our observations are highly reproducible and are fully consistent with micromagnetic simulations. Our findings provide a new platform for the fundamental studies of particles and antiparticles based on magnetic solids and open new perspectives for practical applications of thin films of isotropic chiral magnets.
Integrated microwave (centimeter-range) modulator on polycrystalline diamond layers (2013)

Measuring data for the parameters of a microstrip switching superhigh-frequency integrated circuit on a 100-μm-thick polycrystalline diamond film are reported. Measurements are taken in the frequency range 3–7 GHz. It is shown that the decay in developmental modulators is no greater than 1.5 dB in the on state and no less than 29 dB in the off state. Physicochemical analysis of the multilayer contact metallization technology as applied to synthetic diamond and a silicon p-i-n diode is carried out. The metallization is shown to be stable up to 400°C.
Development and Agronomical Validation of New Fertilizer Compositions of High Bioavailability and Reduced Potential Nutrient Losses (2007)

To optimize the economical cost of each unit of fertilizer applied and to reduce the environmental contamination caused by nutrient losses, the development of highly efficient granulated fertilizers is of great importance. This study proposes a strategy that consists of developing specific fertilizers having nutrient release patterns that are dependent on plant activity in the rhizosphere. This type of fertilizer is named "rhizosphere-controlled fertilizer" (RCF fertilizer). This fertilizer is based on the introduction of an organomineral matrix composed of metal [Mg (Ca is also possible), Zn (Fe and other metals are also possible)]-humic phosphates. The presence of this matrix modifies the nutrient release pattern of the fertilizer. In this way there are two main nutrient fractions: (i) a water-soluble fraction or "starter" fraction and (ii) a "rhizosphere-controlled" fraction insoluble in water but soluble by the action of the rhizospheric acids released by plants and microorganisms. This study shows the chemical and structural characterization of the organomineral matrix, as well as its efficiency in slowing the nutrient release rate of the RCF fertilizer, principally with respect to P and N. It is demonstrated how these properties of the matrix were also reflected in the significant reduction in both ammonia volatilization and N leaching in a pot system consisting of wheat plants cultivated in a calcareous soil and fertilized with a RCF fertilizer.
Informational Aesthetics Measures (2008)

The Birkhoff aesthetic measure of an object is the ratio between order and complexity. Informational aesthetics describes the interpretation of this measure from an information-theoretic perspective. From these ideas, the authors define a set of ratios based on information theory and Kolmogorov complexity that can help to quantify the aesthetic experience.
Clustering agent optimization results in dynamic scenarios (2006)

The application of optimization algorithms to parameter driven simulations and agents has been thoroughly explored in literature. However, classical optimization algorithms do not take into account the fact that simulations normally have dynamic scenarios. This paper analyzes the possibility of using the classical optimization methods, combined with clustering techniques, in order to optimize parameter driven agents, in simulations having dynamic scenarios. This will be accomplished by optimizing the agents in several random static scenarios and clustering the optimum results of each of these optimizations in order to find a set of typical solutions for the agent parametrization problem. These typical solutions can then be used in dynamic scenario simulations as references that will help the agents adapt to scenario changes. The results of this approach show that, in some cases, it is possible to improve the outcome of simulations in dynamic environments while still using the classical methods developed for static scenarios. 1
Excimer UV-assisted rapid thermal annealing of PbLa(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films by a sol-gel deposition method (2007)

Excimer UV-assisted rapid thermal annealing (UV-RTA) process has been employed to fabricate sol-gel derived ferroelectric Pb0.97La0.03(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 (PLZT) thin films on Pt∕Ti∕SiO2∕Si substrates. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the single phase PLZT thin film can be achieved at a relatively low processing temperature of 580°C. The films appeared to have improved dielectric properties with dielectric constant (ε) and loss (tanδ) values of 3300 and 0.03 at 1kHz, respectively. Comparatively good remnant polarization (Pr) value of 36μCcm−2 and coercive field (Ec) value of 60kVcm−1 along with a good fatigue resistance up to 1010 switching cycles have been observed. This method of fabrication of the Pb-based material with the aid of UV-RTA at a comparatively lower temperature opens the door for their better employability in the Si integrated circuit technology.
Pd-Catalyzed Benzylic C–H Amidation with Benzyl Alcohols in Water: A Strategy To Construct Quinazolinones (2012)

A novel method for the synthesis of 4-phenylquinazolinones via a palladium-catalyzed domino reaction of o-aminobenzamides with benzyl alcohols is developed. This protocol involves N-benzylation, benzylic C-H amidation, and dehydrogenation in water, which may play an important role in the smooth generation of the (η(3)-benzyl)palladium species by activation of the hydroxyl group of the benzyl alcohol.
Virtual Force Display: Direction Guidance Using Asymmetric Acceleration via Periodic Translational Motion (2005)

This paper describes the development of a handheld haptic display based on a new force perception method. The method uses periodic translational motion to create asymmetric acceleration leading to a virtual force vector. The method is based on the sigmoidal relationship between perception and physical quantities (tactile and proprioceptive sensations); humans more strongly feel rapid acceleration than slow acceleration. A prototype of the haptic display that generates one-directional force using a relatively simple mechanism is fabricated and evaluated. Experiments verify the feasibility of the proposed method by examining the effect of the frequency of acceleration and amplitude of the force on the perception of the virtual force vector.
Test–retest stability of an experimental measure of human turning behaviour in right-handers, mixed-handers, and left-handers (2006)

Animals turn away from the hemisphere with the more active dopamine (DA) system. For humans, a similar relationship has been assumed, albeit that side preferences obtained from different measures are inconsistent. Given the important role of DA on human behaviour and cognition, a stable human turning measure is of significant experimental value. We assessed the stability (test and retest 4 weeks apart) of veering behaviour (lateral deviations during blindfolded straight ahead walking) in 20 healthy right-handers, 20 mixed-handers, and 20 left-handers. Veering behaviour did not differ between groups, and did not reveal any particular side preference in any group. Relationships of side preferences between testing sessions for the different handedness groups was low for right-handers, and showed some minor consistency for the mixed-handed group. Neither handedness nor footedness was significantly related to preferred veering side. These findings, if not related meaningfully to DA-mediated conditions (e.g., clinical populations, pharmacological studies, personality) in the future, suggests that veering behaviour is an inappropriate alternative to the animal turning model. These findings challenge the reliability of human turning measures, and invite more broadly for a critical evaluation of turning measures as an indicator of hemispheric DA asymmetries in human populations.
Effect of Prefix/Suffix Configurations on OTFS Systems with Rectangular Waveforms (2022)

Recently, orthogonal time-frequency-space (OTFS) modulation is used as a promising candidate waveform for high mobility communication scenarios. In practical transmission, OTFS with rectangular pulse shaping is implemented using different prefix/suffix configurations including reduced-cyclic prefix (RCP), full-CP (FCP), full-zero suffix (FZS), and reduced-zero padded (RZP). However, for each prefix/suffix type, different effective channel are seen at the receiver side resulting in dissimilar performance of the various OTFS configurations given a specific communication scenario. To fulfill this gap, in this paper, we study and model the effective channel in OTFS systems using various prefix/suffix configurations. Then, from the input-output relation analysis of the received signal, we show that the OTFS has a simple sparse structure for all prefix/suffix types, where the only difference is the phase term introduced when extending quasi-periodically in the delay-Doppler grid. We provide a comprehensive comparison between all OTFS types in terms of channel estimation/equalization complexity, symbol detection performance, power and spectral efficiencies, which helps in deciding the optimal prefix/suffix configuration for a specific scenario. Finally, we propose a novel OTFS structure namely reduced-FCP (RFCP) where the information of the CP block is decodable.
COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHIC SIGN FINDINGS IN FACIAL FRACTURES ASSOCIATED WITH BLINDNESS (1982)

Manfredi, S. J.; Raji, M. R.; Sprinkle, P. M.; Weinstein, G. W.; Minardi, L. M.; Swanson, T. J.; Daffner, R. H.Author Information
A Comparison of the Age-Spectra from Data Assimilation Models (2013)

We use kinematic and diabatic back trajectory calculations, driven by winds from a general circulation model (GCM) and two different data assimilation systems (DAS), to compute the age spectrum at three latitudes in the lower stratosphere. The age-spectra are compared to chemical transport model (CTM) calculations, and the mean ages from all of these studies are compared to observations. The age spectra computed using the GCM winds show a reasonably well-isolated tropics in good agreement with observations; however, the age spectra determined from the DAS differ from the GCM spectra. For the diabatic trajectory calculations, the age spectrum is too broad as a result of too much exchange between the tropics and mid-latitudes. The age spectrum determined using the kinematic trajectory calculation is less broad and lacks an age offset; both of these features are due to excessive vertical dispersion of parcels. The tropical and mid-latitude mean age difference between the diabatically and kinematically determined age-spectra is about one year, the former being older. The CTM calculation of the age spectrum using the DAS winds shows the same dispersive characteristics of the kinematic trajectory calculation. These results suggest that the current DAS products will not give realistic trace gas distributions for long integrations; they also help explain why the mean ages determined in a number of previous DAS driven CTM's are too young compared with observations. Finally, we note trajectory-generated age spectra show significant age anomalies correlated with the seasonal cycles, and these anomalies can be linked to year-to-year variations in the tropical heating rate. These anomalies are suppressed in the CTM spectra suggesting that the CTM transport is too diffusive.
Preparing and administering sublingual allergen vaccines (2020)

Sublingual immunotherapy has been used for more than 100 years. Recently, the World Health Organization recognized the efficacy and safety of this alternative allergen immunotherapy administration route. This chapter presents the mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety of this treatment modality. A change in the natural history of allergic diseases and a reduction of new sensitizations has also been demonstrated. Mucosal immunization, especially through the oral/sublingual mucosa, has attracted much interest as a means for eliciting protective immunity for infection and as a possible approach for immunologic treatment of various diseases caused by an immune response associated with tissue-damaging inflammation. There is an increased interest in the use of sublingual immunotherapy due to its efficacy and safety and its increasing growth in Europe and other parts of the world, including the United States. In this chapter we discuss the differences in the allergen extracts currently available for sublingual use, and their regulations, doses, and administration schemes. Also included is a brief summary of the new oral tablets available for sublingual allergen immunotherapy.
Mineral–Biochar Composites: Molecular Structure and Porosity (2016)

Dramatic changes in molecular structure, degradation pathway, and porosity of biochar are observed at pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 250 to 550 °C when bamboo biomass is pretreated by iron-sulfate-clay slurries (iron-clay biochar), as compared to untreated bamboo biochar. Electron microscopy analysis of the biochar reveals the infusion of mineral species into the pores of the biochar and the formation of mineral nanostructures. Quantitative (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy shows that the presence of the iron clay prevents degradation of the cellulosic fraction at pyrolysis temperatures of 250 °C, whereas at higher temperatures (350-550 °C), the clay promotes biomass degradation, resulting in an increase in both the concentrations of condensed aromatic, acidic, and phenolic carbon species. The porosity of the biochar, as measured by NMR cryoporosimetry, is altered by the iron-clay pretreatment. In the presence of the clay, at lower pyrolysis temperatures, the biochar develops a higher pore volume, while at higher temperature, the presence of clay causes a reduction in the biochar pore volume. The most dramatic reduction in pore volume is observed in the kaolinite-infiltrated biochar at 550 °C, which is attributed to the blocking of the mesopores (2-50 nm pore) by the nonporous metakaolinite formed from kaolinite.
Archaeal nitrification is constrained by copper complexation with organic matter in municipal wastewater treatment plants (2019)

Consistent with the observation that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) outnumber ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in many eutrophic ecosystems globally, AOB typically dominate activated sludge aeration basins from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, we demonstrate that the growth of AOA strains inoculated into sterile-filtered wastewater was inhibited significantly, in contrast to uninhibited growth of a reference AOB strain. In order to identify possible mechanisms underlying AOA-specific inhibition, we show that complex mixtures of organic compounds, such as yeast extract, were highly inhibitory to all AOA strains but not to the AOB strain. By testing individual organic compounds, we reveal strong inhibitory effects of organic compounds with high metal complexation potentials implying that the inhibitory mechanism for AOA can be explained by the reduced bioavailability of an essential metal. Our results further demonstrate that the inhibitory effect on AOA can be alleviated by copper supplementation, which we observed for pure AOA cultures in a defined medium and for AOA inoculated into nitrifying sludge. Our study offers a novel mechanistic explanation for the relatively low abundance of AOA in most WWTPs and provides a basis for modulating the composition of nitrifying communities in both engineered systems and naturally occurring environments.
Evaluation of Coatings for the Protection of Downhole Production Tubing (1997)

Abstract The cost implications of using corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) for downhole tubing are often significant when assessing the viability of corrosive high temperature fields. The possibility of using internal coating materials to protect carbon steel is therefore a viable option. As part of a programme of work aimed at reducing well costs, the corrosion protection and mechanical properties afforded by a range of thin film coating materials have been investigated. The initial work involved evaluating the coatings corrosion protection in aggressive downhole conditions using high pressure autoclaves. Having established the ability to provide corrosion protection, the next stage was to assess the mechanical resistance to wireline abrasion and tool damage during downhole interventions. Problems associated with the use of thin film coatings downhole and recent concerns over the performance of CRAs are also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Indole Derivatives Catalyzed by New Yb(OTf)3‐Pyridylalkylamine Complexes as Chiral Lewis Acids. (2011)

Abstract Complex (I) is effective in the reaction of indole derivatives with trifluoropyruvate.
IgG3 deficiency extends lifespan and attenuates progression of glomerulonephritis in MRL/lpr mice (2012)

The available evidence suggests that IgG3 deficiency partially protects MRL/lpr mice against glomerulonephritis-associated morbidity and mortality by slowing or arresting the progression to glomerulosclerosis.
Renin-Angiotensin System Control for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Coronary Surgery (2016)

The present study showed that active RAAS control preserved renal function in patients with CKD undergoing CABG. The improved early postoperative outcome with RAAS control may lead to long-term inhibition of cardiovascular events.
Blockchain Application Within A Multi-Sensor Satellite Architecture (2019)

With the thrust towards multi-sensor satellite architectures for earth and space exploration, such as constellations and swarms, new technologies are required to enable the transition to this future capability. One of the areas of interest is establishing secure, efficient and prioritized data and command communication pathways among ground and space-based sources for such systems. This paper presents early research results on the potential role, capabilities and value of blockchain usage within constellation and swarm satellite architectures.