gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic synthesis of fatty esters in 5-caffeoyl quinic acid (2000)

The fatty esters of 5-caffeoyl quinic acid were synthesized by direct esterification biocatalysed by an immobilised lipase obtained from Candida antarctica. Esterification yields (from 40 to 75%) depended on the carbon chain length of the fatty alcohols and whether or not solvent (2-methyl 2-butanol) was present in the reaction medium.
The Localization of Inner Centromeric Protein (INCENP) at the Cleavage Furrow Is Dependent on Kif12 and Involves Interactions of the N Terminus of INCENP with the Actin Cytoskeleton (2007)

The inner centromeric protein (INCENP) and other chromosomal passenger proteins are known to localize on the cleavage furrow and to play a role in cytokinesis. However, it is not known how INCENP localizes on the furrow or whether this localization is separable from that at the midbody. Here, we show that the association of Dictyostelium INCENP (DdINCENP) with the cortex of the cleavage furrow involves interactions with the actin cytoskeleton and depends on the presence of the kinesin-6-related protein Kif12. We found that Kif12 is found on the central spindle and the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Kif12 is not required for the redistribution of DdINCENP from centromeres to the central spindle. However, in the absence of Kif12, DdINCENP fails to localize on the cleavage furrow. Domain analysis indicates that the N terminus of DdINCENP is necessary and sufficient for furrow localization and that it binds directly to the actin cytoskeleton. Our data suggest that INCENP moves from the central spindle to the furrow of a dividing cell by a Kif12-dependent pathway. Once INCENP reaches the equatorial cortex, it associates with the actin cytoskeleton where it then concentrates toward the end of cytokinesis.
Supplementary figures 1-3 from Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy Drives Monocyte-to-Dendritic Cell Maturation to Induce Anticancer Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Additional data for Figure 1, showing individual tumor growth curves (Figure S1), and tumor histology analysis (Figures S2-S3), for review and publication&lt;/p&gt;
Tomographic Reconstruction in the 21st Century (2010)

Image reconstruction from projections is the field that lays the foundations for computed tomography (CT). For several decades, the established principles were applied not only to medical scanners in radiology and nuclear medicine but also to industrial scanning. When speaking of image reconstruction from projections, one is generally considering the problem of recovering some density function from measurements taken over straight lines, or the "line-integral model" for short. Image reconstruction can be performed by directly applying analytic formulas derived from the theory or by using general optimization methods adapted to handling large linear systems. The latter techniques are referred to as iterative to distinguish them from the analytic (or direct) methods. This article considers only the analytic methods. The two-dimensional (2-D) reconstruction problem (or classical tomography) refers to a density function in two dimensions with measurement lines lying in the plane, and the three-dimensional (3-D) problem considers 3-D density functions and lines with arbitrary orientations in space. The widely used term 3-D imaging is potentially confusing in this context, because there are some 3-D forms of image reconstruction that are mathematically equivalent to performing 2-D reconstruction on a set of parallel contiguous planes. To emphasize the distinction between 2-D and 3-D reconstruction, the terminology fully 3-D image reconstruction (or sometimes truly 3-D reconstruction) was introduced in the late 1980s when there seemed to be very little left to do in two dimensions but a rich unexplored 3-D theory to be developed.
Variable apparatus deadspace (1991)

A variable apparatus deadspace was used to maintain normocapnia during artificial ventilation of the lungs in anaesthetised adults. End-tidal carbon dioxide tension could be varied, if the need arose, within the range 4.0-5.2 kPa in both open and circle breathing systems when a fixed tidal volume of 12 ml.kg-1 and minute volume ventilation of 120 ml.kg-1.min-1 were employed.
The influence of alkali‐degreasing on the chemical composition of hot‐dip galvanized steel surfaces (2006)

Abstract The influence of dipping temperature and time on the surface chemistry of hot‐dipped galvanized steel sheets during the alkaline degreasing process is investigated. The surface chemistry was monitored with scanning Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF‐SIMS). The results show high Al concentrations on the untreated surfaces, which are significantly reduced during alkaline degreasing. The same conclusions could be drawn for the carbon compounds that accumulate on the surface during storage. The measurements reveal a gradual reduction in surface Al as the alkali solution temperature and/or degreasing time are increased. When degreasing was conducted at 70 °C for 30 s the surface was practically free from Al, which was present only in small islands. Furthermore, the experiments showed that the thickness of the oxide film covering the surfaces before and after alkaline degreasing is approximately 20 Å. The main constituents of the film varied from ZnAl hydroxide/oxide to Zn hydroxide/oxide, before and after degreasing, respectively. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Ultrafast spectroscopy of dark states in solid state sexithiophene (1999)

Femtosecond time resolved photoinduced transmission studies are carried out in nanocrystalline dihexylsexithiophene films with long range structural order. The results are compared with those obtained for sexithiophene in several states of aggregation. We explain the lack of radiative recombination in the solid phase with the formation of two nonradiative excitations, dark excitons and charge transfer states. The dark exciton dynamics is studied in detail in dihexylsexithiophene films; thermalization occurs within 200 fs, then decay takes place by mutual annihilation in the first ps, and by monomolecular recombination at longer times. Optical dynamics indicates that within the pump pulse a second excitation is formed, and we assign it to charge transfer states. The latter decay monomolecularly in the hundred ps time scale.
Attack Incentive and Security of Exchanging Tokens on Proof-of-Work Blockchain (2018)

In a consensus algorithm based on Proof-of-Work, miners are motivated by crypto rewards. Furthermore, security is guaranteed because a cost of a 50% attack chance is higher than the potential rewards. However, because of the sudden price jump of cryptocurrencies and cheap prices of mining machines like ASICs, the cost and profit were on equilibrium for Bitcoin in 2017. In this situation, attackers are motivated by the balance between hash power and profits. In this paper, we describe that there is relevance between mining power on the network and price of tokens that can be taken securely on a blockchain. Users who exchange tokens on the PoW blockchain should monitor mining power and exchange tokens cheaper than the attack cost so that profit and cost of the attacker are not in equilibrium.
Glass-(nAg, nCu) Biocide Coatings on Ceramic Oxide Substrates (2012)

The present work was focused on obtaining biocide coatings constituted by a glassy soda-lime matrix containing silver or copper nanoparticles on ceramic (alumina and zirconia based) substrates. Both glassy coatings showed a high biocide activity against Gram-, Gram+ bacteria and yeast, reducing cell numbers more than three logarithms. Silver nanoparticles had a significantly higher biocide activity than copper nanoparticles, since the lixiviation levels required to reduce cell numbers more than 3 logarithms was of almost 1-2 µg/cm(2) in the case of silver nanoparticles, and 10-15 µg/cm(2) for the copper nanoparticles.
Novel Cytoplasmic Proteins of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Up-regulate Human MUC5AC Mucin Transcription via a Positive p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway and a Negative Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Akt Pathway (2002)

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an important human pathogen that causes chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) in children and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults. Mucin overproduction, a hallmark of both diseases, has been shown to directly cause conductive hearing loss in COME and airway obstruction in COPD. The molecular mechanisms underlying mucin overproduction in NTHi infections still remain unclear. Here, we show that NTHi strongly up-regulates MUC5AC mucin transcription only after bacterial cell disruption. Maximal up-regulation is induced by heat-stable bacterial cytoplasmic proteins, whereas NTHi surface membrane proteins induce only moderate MUC5AC transcription. These results demonstrate an important role for cytoplasmic molecules from lysed bacteria in the pathogenesis of NTHi infections, and may well explain why many patients still have persistent symptoms such as middle ear effusion in COME after intensive antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, our results indicate that activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for NTHi-induced MUC5AC transcription, whereas activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway leads to down-regulation of NTHi-induced MUC5AC transcription via a negative cross-talk with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. These studies may bring new insights into molecular pathogenesis of NTHi infections and lead to novel therapeutic intervention for COME and COPD.
Arming the airways: an update on the clinical status of intranasal vaccines & the role of mucosal adjuvants (2023)

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for mucosal vaccines capable of reducing viral transmission as well as disease severity. As such, there are an unprecedented number of intranasal vaccines undergoing clinical testing. Due to their scalability and cost-effectiveness, viral vectors dominate the intranasal vaccine clinical trial landscape. However, concerns surrounding safety and pre-existing anti-vector immune responses support the development of other vaccine technologies. Subunit vaccines are one such strategy, given their targeted approach and capacity for tailoring via selection of appropriate adjuvants. One limitation, however, is the lack of safe and effective mucosal adjuvants. This review outlines the current progress in clinical research of intranasal vaccines with a focus on mucosal adjuvants. Given the ongoing impact of respiratory pathogens, it is imperative that the current momentum for the development of mucosal vaccines continues and is broadened to include diseases beyond COVID-19.
In vitro dosimetry of agglomerates (2014)

Agglomeration of nanoparticles in biological fluids is a pervasive phenomenon that leads to difficulty in the interpretation of results from in vitro exposure, primarily due to differing particokinetics of agglomerates to nanoparticles. Therefore, well-defined small agglomerates were designed that possessed different particokinetic profiles, and their cellular uptake was compared to a computational model of dosimetry. The approach used here paves the way for a better understanding of the impact of agglomeration on the nanoparticle-cell interaction.
Synchronous/Reactive Programming of Concurrent System Software (1997)

Synchronous languages are intended for programming reactive systems. Reactive systems, which include real-time systems and key operating system components, interact continually with their environment. This paper considers the applicability of imperative synchronous/reactive languages to the development of general system software, that is, to the implementation of operating system kernels, file systems, databases, networks, server architectures, device drivers, etc. The languages Esterel and Reactive C (RC) receive special attention as Esterel is the oldest and most developed such language and RC is specifically designed for compatibility with C systems programming. An alternative soft-instruction software architecture is described, which is well suited to real-world system programming. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are the KIR genes actively silenced prior to their tissue‐specific activation? A KIR intronic promoter produces spliced antisense transcripts in human ES cells (2008)

The KIR genes are in a silent methylated state in NK progenitors prior to their selective activation by developing NK cells. We have recently identified an additional antisense transcript originating in the second KIR intron. The KIR2DL1 antisense transcript is composed of three exons that contain: (1) a segment from intron 2; (2) exon 2 plus flanking intron sequences; (3) exon 1 plus the bidirectional promoter region. The composition of the spliced antisense KIR transcript (KIRaS) suggests that it functions to silence KIR gene expression. KIRaS was detected in human embryonic stem (ES) cells, an embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line (Ntera2), and the HEK293 cell line, but not NK, T, or B cell lines. In vitro promoter analysis revealed that KIRaS promoter activity is only detected in the cell lines where transcript is present. Promoter activity is controlled by the MZF‐1 transcription factor that is expressed in totipotent hematopoieticcells and myeloid progenitors. KIR gene activation appears to be under the control of four distinct promoter units: distal forward; proximal forward or reverse; distal antisense. The potential interplay of the multiple KIR promoters and the timing of their expression during development will be discussed. Funded by NCI Contract N01‐CO‐12400
Reducing the contact resistance between a textile of MWCNT-coated conductive fibers and a metal wire using carbon black/dimethyl silicone oil (2018)

Textiles using multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-coated conductive fibers are expected to be used for wearable applications as heaters with flexibility and light weight. Impregnating a low viscosity paste blend of a low concentration of carbon black (CB) in dimethyl silicone oil (SO), instead of indurative Ag paste, between the conductive textile and a metal wire having area of 5×130 mm, while retaining flexibility, resulted in an order of magnitude reduction of the electric contact resistance after two days. The remarkable reduction with time was found to be generated by a synergistic effect of a network of CB particles gradually induced by liquid SO flow at 30 °C and an increased CB concentration produced by slow penetration of SO into the surrounding textile.
Stabilizing an amorphous V2O5/carbon nanotube paper electrode with conformal TiO2 coating by atomic layer deposition for lithium ion batteries (2015)

Amorphous V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (a-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) thin films were conformally coated onto the surface of hydroxyl (–OH) functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanotube (CNT) paper using atomic layer deposition (ALD).
Tears of the Acetabular Labrum in Athletes: Diagnosis and Treatment (2002)

Tears of the acetabular labrum are becoming recognized as a source of hip pain in the athlete. The diagnosis of acetabular labral tears is often delayed, leading to protracted periods of hip pain. In the athlete, symptomatic tears may lead to prolonged periods of missed play. Long-term, these lesions may results in degenerative chondral lesions and ultimately to degenerative joint disease. Treatment for labral tears entails initiation of early nonoperative therapy, with arthroscopic labral debridement reserved for refractory cases. This paper reviews the current knowledge on this subject, including the anatomy, function, and mechanism of injury of the labrum, and focuses on the history, diagnosis, and treatment guidelines for labral tears in the athlete.
Listening Rate and Comprehension as a Function of Preference for and Exposure to Time-Altered Speech (1989)

We conducted experiments on the effects of brief prior exposure to time-altered speech on preferred listening rate and the rate listeners would select when asked to listen to speech as fast as possible with good compression (induced listening rate). In Exp. 1, 48 participants were exposed either to normal rate speech or to speech compressed to twice-normal rate. Brief exposure to twice-normal rate speech led to a faster induced listening rate than exposure to normal rate speech. In Exp. 2, 31 participants were briefly exposed to normal rate speech, speech compressed to twice-normal rate, or speech expanded to half-normal rate. The faster the rate of the exposure speech, the faster the induced rate. Speech compressed to twice-normal rate led to a faster induced listening rate than exposure to speech expanded to half-normal rate. Normal rate speech was intermediate between twice-normal and half-normal rate and did not differ significantly from them. Induced listening rate was a linear combination of listening rate preference and recent forced exposure to time-altered speech.
Phase I/II study of PTK787/ZK 222584 (PTK/ZK), a novel, oral angiogenesis inhibitor in combination with FOLFIRI as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) (2005)

3605 Background: Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF-A, -B, -C, D and -E) are potent angiogenesis factors secreted by many solid tumors. PTK/ZK is a novel, oral, small molecule angiogenesis inhibitor that blocks all known VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases, important mediators in the formation of new blood and lymph vessels that contribute to tumor growth and metastasis. Method: The goal of this trial is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of once-daily oral PTK/ZK in combination with infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin (LV) plus irinotecan (FOLFIRI) as first-line treatment in patients (Pts) with metastatic CRC. PTK/ZK was administered in doses of 500, 1,000, 1,250, and 1,500 mg/day (d) to cohorts of 3 to 7 Pts. FOLFIRI was administered every 2 weeks (wks) as irinotecan (180 mg/m2, day 1) plus LV (200 mg/m2, 2-hour infusion) and 5-FU (400 mg/m2 bolus followed by 600 mg/m2 as a 22-hour infusion) on days 1 and 2. Results: To date, 21 Pts are enrolled; 6 at the 500 mg/d dose, 7 at 1,000 mg/d, 5 at 1,250 mg/d, and 3 at 1,500 mg/d. PTK/ZK was well tolerated. There was 1 DLT at 500 mg/d (grade [Gr] 3 fatigue) and 1 at 1,000 mg/d (Gr 3 hypertension); both resolved within 2 wks of PTK/ZK discontinuation. The pharmacokinetics of PTK/ZK was unaffected by FOLFIRI. Coadministration of 1,250 mg/d PTK/ZK with FOLFIRI had minor effects on irinotecan exposure but lowered the AUC of SN38 in serum by ∼40%; clinical relevance is under investigation. Best response by SWOG criteria for 17 evaluable Pts include 7 (41%) partial responses, 8 (47%) with stable disease, and 2 (12%) with progressive disease. Median PFS for 17 Pts was 7.1 months (95% CI = 6.2, 11.7 months). Median OS for 19 intent-to-treat Pts was 24.3 months (95% CI = 18.0, unknown months). Conclusion: The results suggest that the combination of PTK/ZK with FOLFIRI is safe, well tolerated, and has activity in Pts with metastatic CRC. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis, Schering AG
Abstract 18792: Treatment With an EET Agonist in a Post Myocardial Infarction Model Increases Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling by Induction of HMOX1 (2013)

Rationale: Myocardial Infarction (MI) leads to a progressive decline in cardiac function, an increase in patient morbidity and is an event expanding burden on the health care system. Failure of myocardial regeneration, insufficient blood flow and enhanced oxidative stress all contribute to this pathological outcome. Objective: Since epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) agonists increase angiogenesis and vasodilation in ischemic heart, we examined if cross talk between EET and heme oxygenase-1(HMOX1) could reduce post infarcted cardiac remodeling resulting in an improvement of cardiac function in a model of post-MI. Methods: C57B16 mice were divided into 4 groups: sham, mice with myocardial infarction (MI) via LAD ligation and mice with MI treated with an EET-agonist (NUDSA) with and without the HO activity inhibitor stannous mesoporphyrin (SnMP). NUDSA was administered 5 days after MI for 30 days (0.5 mg/kg). Myocardial echocardiography was performed to assess blood volume, velocity, LVend-diastolic and ejection fractions. Microvessel density, inflammation and pericardial fibrosis were compared among the groups. Results: Echocardiography showed that left ventricle dilatation, measured as end diastolic area (EDA), was reduced in the NUDSA treated group compared to the MI group (EDA: MI: 0.314 ±0.01 cm 2 ; MI+NUDSA: 0.193±0.02 cm 2 ; p&lt;0.01). Cardiac Index, decreased by MI, was restored by NUDSA. NUDSA treatment increased serum adiponectin levels and decreased IL-6 and MCP-1 levels (p&lt;0.05 vs. MI), reduced fibrosis in the peri-infarct myocardium and decreased apoptosis. Immunoblot analysis of cardiac tissue demonstrated increased expression of HMOX1, VEGF and FGF along with decreased expression of TXA2 and 3NT in mice treated with NUDSA as compared to the MI group (p&lt;0.02). All these beneficial effects were reversed by SnMP. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that cross talk between EET and HMOX1 ameliorates cardiac remodeling in the post infarcted myocardium and increases angiogenesis, suggesting EET as a potential therapeutic strategy in the preservation of cardiac function in this animal model of post MI.
242 Effects of Dietary P Concentrations in Response to Increasing Dietary Ca Concentrations on Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs. (2018)

A total of 360 pigs (initially 6.0 ± 1.08 kg BW) were used in a 45-d study to determine the effects of 2 standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P concentrations on growth performance of nursery pigs fed increasing dietary Ca. In a completely randomized design, pens of pigs (6 pens/treatment) were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of STTD P (at or above NRC, 2012 recommended levels) and total Ca (0.65, 0.90, and 1.20%). Experimental diets were fed during phase 1 (d 0 to 10) and 2 (d 10 to 24), followed by a common phase 3 diet from d 24 to 45. Diets formulated to meet NRC (2012) P requirements contained 0.45 or 0.40% STTD P in phases 1 and 2, respectively. Diets exceeding NRC (2012) P requirements contained 0.56 or 0.52% STTD P in phases 1 and 2, respectively. During the treatment period (d 0 to 24), no Ca×P interactions were observed for ADG and ADFI. Increasing Ca concentration decreased (linear, P=0.006) ADG, but did not affect ADFI. Feeding higher STTD P marginally increased (P=0.084) ADG, but did not affect ADFI, compared with pigs fed STTD P levels suggested by NRC (2012). When diets contained NRC (2012) levels of STTD P, pigs fed 1.20% Ca had lower (P<0.05) G:F than those fed 0.65 or 0.90% Ca; however, when high levels of STTD P were fed, G:F was not affected by the dietary Ca concentrations (Ca×P interaction, P=0.018). When common diets were fed from d 24 to 45, no interactive or main effects of Ca and STTD P were observed for ADG, ADFI, or final BW. However, pigs previously fed increasing concentrations of Ca had improved (linear, P=0.003) G:F regardless of dietary STTD P content, resulting in no evidence for difference in overall growth performance across treatments. In conclusion, excess dietary Ca decreased ADG and G:F of nursery pigs especially in low STTD P diets. The STTD P levels estimated by NRC (2012) meet the requirement of 6 to 12 kg pigs when diets contain low Ca concentrations, but result in decreased ADG and G:F when diets contain more than 0.90% Ca.