gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A local distributed peer-to-peer algorithm using multi-party optimization based privacy preservation for data mining primitive computation (2009)

This paper proposes a scalable, local privacy-preserving algorithm for distributed peer-to-peer (P2P) data aggregation useful for many advanced data mining/analysis tasks such as average/sum computation, decision tree induction, feature selection, and more. Unlike most multi-party privacy-preserving data mining algorithms, this approach works in an asynchronous manner through local interactions and therefore, is highly scalable. It particularly deals with the distributed computation of the sum of a set of numbers stored at different peers in a P2P network in the context of a P2P Web mining application. The proposed optimization-based privacy-preserving technique for computing the sum allows different peers to specify different privacy requirements without having to adhere to a global set of parameters for the chosen privacy model. Since distributed sum computation is a frequently used primitive, the proposed approach is likely to have significant impact on many data mining tasks such as multi-party privacy-preserving clustering, frequent itemset mining, and statistical aggregate computation.
Justification of Chemotherapy Duration in Patients with Multiple and Pre-Extensive Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in the Russian Federation (2023)

The objective: to justify the optimal duration of chemotherapy with Lzd and Bdq by evaluating the long-term treatment outcomes in patients with multiple/pre-extensive drug resistant (MDR/preXDR) tuberculosis who interrupted treatment at different time points. Subjects and Methods. 800 patients with MDR/preXDR tuberculosis were enrolled in the study, they were from all regions of the Russian Federation and they started a course of chemotherapy with regimens containing Lzd and Bdq in 2017-2018. All patients who interrupted their chemotherapy (124) were divided at 4 groups. Group 1-43 patients who received less than 90 doses, Group 2-37 patients who received from 91 to 180 doses, Group 3-39 patients who received from 181 to 270 doses, and Group 4-5 patients who received from 271 to 360 doses of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Results. In Group 3, the effectiveness of reaching a favorable outcome during observation for 3-4 years made 53.8% in 21/39, which was comparable to the effectiveness of treatment with a 24-month course of chemotherapy (2017 – 58.0 and 2018 – 52.1%). The treatment duration of patients from Group 3 was additionally analyzed, the arithmetic mean of the number of administered doses makes 262 ± 15, which allowed recommending 9-month courses of chemotherapy.
Capacity Achieving LDPC Codes Through Puncturing (2008)

The performance of punctured low-definition parity-check (LDPC) codes under maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding is studied in this correspondence via deriving and analyzing their average weight distributions (AWDs) and the corresponding asymptotic growth rate of the AWDs. In particular, it is proved that capacity-achieving codes of any rate and for any memoryless binary-input output-symmetric (MBIOS) channel under ML decoding can be constructed by puncturing some original LDPC code with small enough rate. Moreover, it is shown that the gap to capacity of all the punctured codes can be the same as the original code with a small enough rate. Conditions under which puncturing results in no rate loss with asymptotically high probability are also given in the process. These results show high potential for puncturing to be used in designing capacity-achieving codes, and in rate-compatible coding under any MBIOS channel.
Establishment of a Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) Cell Line and its Permissiveness to Arbovirus Infection (2022)

A cell line was established from Culex tarsalis Coquillett embryonated eggs and designated as CxTr. The cell line is heterogeneous, composed predominantly of small, round cells, and spindle-shaped cells with a doubling time of approximately 52-60 h. The identity of the cell line was verified as Cx. tarsalis by sequencing of cytochrome oxidase I and the cells were found to be free of contaminating cells, bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma. The permissiveness of CxTr cells to arbovirus infection was investigated with vaccine and wildtype arboviruses from four viral families: Flaviviridae (Japanese encephalitis virus), Phenuiviridae (Rift Valley fever phlebovirus), Rhabdoviridae (vesicular stomatitis virus), and Togaviridae (Mayaro virus). All viruses were able to infect and replicate within CxTr cells.
B epitopes and selection pressures in feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins (1993)

In order to map linear B epitopes in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) envelope glycoproteins (Env), a random library of FIV Env polypeptides fused to beta-galactosidase and expressed in Escherichia coli was screened by using sera from experimentally FIV-infected cats. We mapped five antibody-binding domains in the surface envelope glycoprotein (SU1 to SU5) and four in the transmembrane envelope glycoprotein (TM1 to TM4). Immunological analysis with 48 serum samples from naturally or experimentally infected cats of diverse origins revealed a broad group reactivity for epitopes SU2, TM2, and TM3, whereas SU3 appeared as strictly type specific. To study selection pressures acting on the identified immunogenic domains, we analyzed structural constraints and distribution of synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations (amino acids unchanged or changed). Two linear B epitopes (SU3 and TM4) appeared to be submitted to positive selection for change, a pattern of evolution predicting their possible involvement in antiviral protection. These experiments provide a pertinent choice of oligopeptides for further analysis of the protective response against FIV envelope glycoproteins, as a model to understand the role of antibody escape in lentiviral persistence and to design feline AIDS vaccines.
Calorimetric Measurements of Surface Energy of Amorphous HfO2 Nanoparticles Produced by Gas Phase Condensation (2017)

Thermodynamics of nanomaterials is strongly influenced by the energetic contribution from atoms located at the interfaces. Therefore, accurately assessing the surface energy of nanomaterials is essential for calculating and predicting thermodynamic properties. In the present work, surface energy of amorphous hafnium oxide (am-HfO2) nanoparticles was measured using independent calorimetric techniques. am-HfO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by condensation from a gas phase generated through laser evaporation of bulk HfO2 targets at 0.1 Torr oxygen pressure. Their surface energy was directly measured using high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and water adsorption calorimetry. The measured surface energies using the above techniques, respectively, are 0.76 ± 0.12, 0.47 ± 0.2, and 0.59 ± 0.1 J/m2. The differences among the surface energy values are about 0.3 J/m2, which is generally within the experimental uncertainties and different assumptions for each technique. The surface energy of the amorphous phase is substantially smaller than that of crystalline phases, as seen previously for other oxides. Thus, the amorphous phase may be thermodynamically favored when small particles are produced and retained.
MODIS Cloud Detection and Analysis Based on Support Vector Machine (2009)

Cloud detection is a large obstacle to remote sensing image processing and a necessary step to preprocess image all the while. In order to discriminate the clouds, the article applies Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to some channels of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) which are sensitive to characteristic of clouds. To prove the performance of the cloud detection algorithm, the article uses the MODIS images of typical areas under distinct underlying surfaces in different daytime and nighttime as training and testing samples. By comparison with Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) data and MODIS Cloud Mask product, it is proved that the algorithm is good at detecting the territorial cloud and some pixels with small area. The SVM algorithm is a kind of practical machine learning method for cloud detection and good preparation for cloud elimination. What is more, the article indicates improved methods to cloud detection with SVM.
Biomechanics of the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament During 8 g Whiplash Simulation Following Single- and Contiguous Two-Level Fusion (2008)

Cervical arthrodesis increases peak ALL strain in the adjacent motion segments. Two-level fusion increased ALL strain in the adjacent motion segments, on average, greater than single-level fusion did. Disc arthroplasty and other techniques that provide stability without loss of flexibility may be beneficial in patients undergoing multiple-level fusion. Detailed FE models such as ours can provide strong correlation with experimentally determined data.
Sampling and Staining for Light Microscopy (2014)

Specific morphological details are required to characterize a microorganism; these are usually determined by means of light microscopy, but some require more sophisticated techniques such as laser scanning microscopy or electron microscopy. This chapter concentrates on the general means of characterizing bacteria by light microscopy because it includes the cytological approach to making the best of preparations for study and photomicrography. The field of aerobiology encompasses both indoor and outdoor components and focuses on a wide range of microorganisms, including pathogenic and nonpathogenic varieties. Although the numbers in a unit of volume may be quite small, the simplest approach to air sampling is the use of open petri dishes containing a suitable nutrient agar near a suspected contamination source and is applicable when the concentration of organisms is relatively high. Translational movement of bacteria by flagellar propulsion (swimming) may be observed in wet mounts of specimens by use of in most cases, the low-power or high-dry objectives. To ascertain the presence of flagella in doubtful cases, as well as to determine flagellar distribution (polar, peritrichous, or lateral), staining procedures and electron microscopy may be required. Gram staining is the most important differential technique applied to bacteria. Mature, dormant endospores of bacteria, when viewed unstained, are sharp edged, even sized, and strongly refractile, shining brightly in a plane slightly above true focus. A great number of techniques based on light microscopy are special to particular areas of bacteriology. The chapter gives examples of some special methods which are not routinely used.
Car detection for autonomous vehicle: LIDAR and vision fusion approach through deep learning framework (2017)

Technologies in autonomous vehicles have seen dramatic advances in recent years; however, it still lacks of robust perception systems for car detection. With the recent development in deep learning research, in this paper, we propose a LIDAR and vision fusion system for car detection through the deep learning framework. It consists of three major parts. The first part generates seed proposals for potential car locations in the image by taking LIDAR point cloud into account. The second part refines the location of the proposal boxes by exploring multi-layer information in the proposal network and the last part carries out the final detection task through a detection network which shares part of the layers with the proposal network. The evaluation shows that the proposed framework is able to generate high quality proposal boxes more efficiently (77.6% average recall) and detect the car at the state of the art accuracy (89.4% average precision). With further optimization of the framework structure, it has great potentials to be implemented onto the autonomous vehicle.
ON cone bipolar cell axonal synapses in the OFF inner plexiform layer of the rabbit retina (2012)

Analysis of the rabbit retinal connectome RC1 reveals that the division between the ON and the OFF inner plexiform layer (IPL) is not structurally absolute. ON cone bipolar cells make noncanonical axonal synapses onto specific targets and receive amacrine cell synapses in the nominal OFF layer, creating novel motifs, including inhibitory crossover networks. Automated transmission electron microscopic imaging, molecular tagging, tracing, and rendering of ~400 bipolar cells reveals axonal ribbons in 36% of ON cone bipolar cells, throughout the OFF IPL. The targets include γ-aminobutyrate (GABA)-positive amacrine cells (γACs), glycine-positive amacrine cells (GACs), and ganglion cells. Most ON cone bipolar cell axonal contacts target GACs driven by OFF cone bipolar cells, forming new architectures for generating ON-OFF amacrine cells. Many of these ON-OFF GACs target ON cone bipolar cell axons, ON γACs, and/or ON-OFF ganglion cells, representing widespread mechanisms for OFF to ON crossover inhibition. Other targets include OFF γACs presynaptic to OFF bipolar cells, forming γAC-mediated crossover motifs. ON cone bipolar cell axonal ribbons drive bistratified ON-OFF ganglion cells in the OFF layer and provide ON drive to polarity-appropriate targets such as bistratified diving ganglion cells (bsdGCs). The targeting precision of ON cone bipolar cell axonal synapses shows that this drive incidence is necessarily a joint distribution of cone bipolar cell axonal frequency and target cell trajectories through a given volume of the OFF layer. Such joint distribution sampling is likely common when targets are sparser than sources and when sources are coupled, as are ON cone bipolar cells.
Method for determining photoelectron angular distribution, total cross section and excitation beam polarisation from measurement of the integrated flux into selected solid angles (1983)

Detector geometries may be chosen to determine the total cross section sigma tot, the asymmetry parameter beta and the photo polarisation p while achieving good experimental statistics by using large acceptance angles in gas-phase photoemission experiments, in which the emitted electron current distribution is described by sigma tot(1+ beta P2(cos gamma ))/4 pi , where gamma is the angle between the emitted electron and the direction of one of the polarisation components of the photon beam. When a cylindrical mirror analyser (CMA) with variable acceptance geometry is used, it is possible to determine sigma tot, beta and the incident light polarisation p by measuring the flux with several different restricted (vignetted) annular rings whose polar and azimuthal angular acceptance ranges are appropriately chosen. The mathematical structure of this problem precludes determination of sigma tot, beta and p from the measured photocurrent using a CMA having its aperture vignetted only in the azimuthal or polar angle.
Medication Use and Disability Among Migraineurs: A National Probability Sample Survey (1992)

Most migraineurs in the United States are not being treated with prescription medications. Many active migraine patients would benefit from appropriate treatment if care was sought and diagnosis made.
Viscosity Study on the Self-Association of Doxorubicin in Aqueous Solution. (1991)

The viscosity of doxorubicin aqueous solution as a function of pH, ionic strenght, and temperature was studied in detail. The viscosity increased in the presence of NaCl and maximum viscosity was observed at pH 5 to 7 in the pH profiles. When NaCl was added to various concentrations of doxorubicin aqueous solution, the viscosity suddenly increased when the NaCl concentration exceeded a certain level. This concentration for critical gel formation was found to be inversely correlated with the logarithmic doxorubicin concentration.The viscosity of doxorubicin aqueous solution was decreased with rising temperature. The analysis of viscosity on temperature-dependence revealed two gel structures at 20 to 30°C. Activation energy of the viscous flow at lower temperatures was about 15 kcal/mol and that at higher temperatures was about 60 kcal/mol.The viscosity of doxorubicin aqueous solution also increased in the presence of various cations or anions. This increase in the viscosity caused by monovalent cations or anions was in almost inverse correlation with the lyotropic series, which showed that those ions having a weaker dehydration ability induce a higher viscosity of doxorubicin aqueous solution and promote gel formation. In the viscosity increase caused by monovalent cations or anions, a mechanism involving hydration and self-association owing to π-π stacking of doxorubicin molecules was strongly suggested.In the case of bivalent or trivalent cations, those cations having a stronger chelation ability caused a larger increase in the viscosity of doxorubicin aqueous solution, which indicated that self-association due to intermolecular chelation could be the mechanism of gel formation.
Pertussis Toxin Inhibits Early Chemokine Production To Delay Neutrophil Recruitment in Response toBordetella pertussisRespiratory Tract Infection in Mice (2008)

Pertussis is an acute respiratory disease of humans caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis toxin (PT) plays a major role in the virulence of this pathogen, including important effects that it has soon after inoculation. Studies in our laboratory and other laboratories have indicated that PT inhibits early neutrophil influx to the lungs and airways in response to B. pertussis respiratory tract infection in mice. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that PT can affect neutrophils directly by ADP ribosylating G(i) proteins associated with surface chemokine receptors, thereby inhibiting neutrophil migration in response to chemokines. However, in this study, by comparing responses to wild-type (WT) and PT-deficient strains, we found that PT has an indirect inhibitory effect on neutrophil recruitment to the airways in response to infection. Analysis of lung chemokine expression indicated that PT suppresses early neutrophil recruitment by inhibiting chemokine upregulation in alveolar macrophages and other lung cells in response to B. pertussis infection. Enhancement of early neutrophil recruitment to the airways in response to WT infection by addition of exogenous keratinocyte-derived chemokine, one of the dominant neutrophil-attracting chemokines in mice, further revealed an indirect effect of PT on neutrophil chemotaxis. Additionally, we showed that intranasal administration of PT inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced chemokine gene expression and neutrophil recruitment to the airways, presumably by modulation of signaling through Toll-like receptor 4. Collectively, these results demonstrate how PT inhibits early inflammatory responses in the respiratory tract, which reduces neutrophil influx in response to B. pertussis infection, potentially providing an advantage to the pathogen in this interaction.
LAMIACEAE (2004)

PLECTRANTHUS MZIMVUBUENSIS. A NEW SPECIES FROM EASTERN CAPE. SOUTH AFRICA
Distributed parameter estimation for monitoring diffusion phenomena using physical models (2005)

In this work, we address the problem of estimating parameters of diffusion phenomena via autonomous wireless sensor networks. Diffusion phenomena, such as the propagation of a gas in the air or of a chemical agent in the water, can be modeled by means of partial differential equations (PDE's). In several scenarios, the parameters characterizing such models, i.e. the coefficients of the PDE's, are not known a-priori and need to be estimated. We develop an adaptive approach for the distributed identification of the parameters of diffusion models for both the cases of known and unknown boundary conditions (BCs). The technique also applies to the case of spatially varying parameters. We present simulation results to show the performance and the various trade-offs of the method.
Nursing care of the head and neck cancer patient. (1988)

Because head and neck cancer and its treatment cause such severe morbidity, very specialized nursing care is required before, during, and after therapy and rehabilitation. All aspects of nursing, especially physical care, health teaching, and psychosocial counseling, are crucial in helping the patient and his family deal with his illness, its treatment, and the consequences.
Engineering design knowledge recycling in near-real-time (1994)

It is hypothesized that the capture and reuse of machine readable design records is cost beneficial. This informal engineering notebook design knowledge can be used to model the artifact and the design process. Design rationale is, in part, preserved and available for examination. Redesign cycle time is significantly reduced (Baya et al, 1992). These factors contribute to making it less costly to capture and reuse knowledge than to recreate comparable knowledge (current practice). To test the hypothesis, we have focused on validation of the concept and tools in two 'real design' projects this past year: (1) a short (8 month) turnaround project for NASA life science bioreactor researchers was done by a team of three mechanical engineering graduate students at Stanford University (in a class, ME210abc 'Mechatronic Systems Design and Methodology' taught by one of the authors, Leifer); and (2) a long range (8 to 20 year) international consortium project for NASA's Space Science program (STEP: satellite test of the equivalence principle). Design knowledge capture was supported this year by assigning the use of a Team-Design PowerBook. Design records were cataloged in near-real time. These records were used to qualitatively model the artifact design as it evolved. Dedal, an 'intelligent librarian' developed at NASA-ARC, was used to navigate and retrieve captured knowledge for reuse.
Antibody‐Targeted Photolysis: In Vitro Immunological, Photophysical, and Cytotoxic Properties of Monoclonal Antibody‐Dextran‐Sn(IV) Chlorin e6 Immunoconjugates (1992)

A set of anti-melanoma immunoconjugates were prepared which contained chlorin e6: antibody molar ratios of 18.9:1, 11.2:1, 6.8:1, and 1.7:1. All immunoconjugates retained antigen binding activity regardless of the chromophore:antibody substitution ratio that was attained. In contrast, the ground-state absorption spectra of the immunoconjugates showed features which appeared to be dependent on the chromophore:antibody molar ratio. In addition, the quantum yield of singlet oxygen generated by the conjugated chromophores was observed to be significantly less than that observed with the unbound dye. Time-resolved absorbance spectroscopy of the chromophore excited triplet state indicated that the loss of singlet oxygen quantum yield resulted from diminished chromophore triplet yield. Analysis of data obtained from in vitro photolysis of target melanoma cells, in combination with that obtained from the immunochemical and photochemical studies, indicates that the observed immunoconjugate phototoxicity can be reasonably quantitatively represented by (1) the ability of the immunoconjugate to bind SK-MEL-2 cell surface antigen, (2) the amount of chromophore localized at the target cells by immunoconjugate binding, (3) the delivered dose of light at 634 nm, and (4) the singlet oxygen quantum yield of the antibody-bound photosensitizer. Though these data argue strongly for photolysis by the cumulative dosage of singlet oxygen at the cell membrane, nonetheless, the concurrent photoinduced release of other cytotoxic agents should not be ruled out.