gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prospettive traslazionali dell’imaging molecolare: evoluzione delle metodiche e materiali nanostrutturati (2012)

Molecular imaging techniques play an increasingly important role in the deep understanding of pathologies. They represent a direct spotlight on the molecular correlates of diseases and can be used for assessing earlier the state of health and decide the treatment of each patient in a personalized way. This article will show the basis of several imaging techniques, and give examples on the application and development of molecular imaging tracers. Particular attention will be pointed on the use of nanostructured materials, that has a promising role in the finding of new tracers, on the use of novel methodological approaches (multimodality, theranostics, pretargeting) and on the possibility of translational applications.
Site Preferences of Insertional Mutagenesis Agents in Arabidopsis (2004)

We have performed a comparative analysis of the insertion sites of engineered Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) insertional mutagenesis vectors that are based on the maize (Zea mays) transposable elements and Agrobacterium T-DNA. The transposon-based agents show marked preference for high GC content, whereas the T-DNA-based agents show preference for low GC content regions. The transposon-based agents show a bias toward insertions near the translation start codons of genes, while the T-DNAs show a predilection for the putative transcriptional regulatory regions of genes. The transposon-based agents also have higher insertion site densities in exons than do the T-DNA insertions. These observations show that the transposon-based and T-DNA-based mutagenesis techniques could complement one another well, and neither alone is sufficient to achieve the goal of saturation mutagenesis in Arabidopsis. These results also suggest that transposon-based mutagenesis techniques may prove the most effective for obtaining gene disruptions and for generating gene traps, while T-DNA-based agents may be more effective for activation tagging and enhancer trapping. From the patterns of insertion site distributions, we have identified a set of nucleotide sequence motifs that are overrepresented at the transposon insertion sites. These motifs may play a role in the transposon insertion site preferences. These results could help biologists to study the mechanisms of insertions of the insertional mutagenesis agents and to design better strategies for genome-wide insertional mutagenesis.
P17.95 * NOVOTTF-100A ALTERNATING ELECTRIC FIELDS THERAPY FOR RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA: AN ANALYSIS OF PATIENT REGISTRY DATA (2014)

BACKGROUND: The NovoTTF-100A is a first-of-a-kind anticancer device, approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2011, for the treatment of recurrent glioblastomas. It emits alternating electric fields, at an intensity of 1 V/cm and a frequency of 200 kHz, that mimic the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy by disrupting charged cytoplasmic proteins involved in the tightly orchestrated process of mitosis. Past phase III trial demonstrated equivalent efficacy when the device was compared to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies and bevacizumab, but without their systemic side effects. METHODS: The NovoTTF-100A device has been available by prescription at 91 oncology centers in the United States since November 2011. We retrospectively analyzed the outcome and toxicity data from patients who were prescribed the device from October 2011 to November 2013 as treatment for their recurrent glioblastomas. RESULTS: There were 147 female and 310 male patients (n = 457) who were treated with this device. The median age was 55 (range 18 to 86) years. The Kaplan-Meier median OS was 9.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.0 to 13.7) months and the median treatment duration was 4.1 (95% CI 3.5 to 4.8) months. The most common device-related adverse events include skin reaction (24.3%), neurological disorders(10.4%), heat sensation (8.9%), electric sensation (7.7%) and headache (5.7%). CONCLUSIONS:Treatment with NovoTTF-100A, as prescribed in the general clinical setting to patients with recurrent glioblastomas, offers favorable outcomes compared to historical patient data. The adverse event profile of the device remains benign with no new unexpected toxicities.
Unbound (bioavailable) IGF1 enhances somatic growth (2011)

Understanding insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) biology is of particular importance because, apart from its role in mediating growth, it plays key roles in cellular transformation, organ regeneration, immune function, development of the musculoskeletal system and aging. IGF1 bioactivity is modulated by its binding to IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and the acid labile subunit (ALS), which are present in serum and tissues. To determine whether IGF1 binding to IGFBPs is necessary to facilitate normal growth and development, we used a gene-targeting approach and generated two novel knock-in mouse models of mutated IGF1, in which the native Igf1 gene was replaced by Des-Igf1 (KID mice) or R3-Igf1 (KIR mice). The KID and KIR mutant proteins have reduced affinity for the IGFBPs, and therefore present as unbound IGF1, or 'free IGF1'. We found that both KID and KIR mice have reduced serum IGF1 levels and a concomitant increase in serum growth hormone levels. Ternary complex formation of IGF1 with the IGFBPs and the ALS was markedly reduced in sera from KID and KIR mice compared with wild type. Both mutant mice showed increased body weight, body and bone lengths, and relative lean mass. We found selective organomegaly of the spleen, kidneys and uterus, enhanced mammary gland complexity, and increased skeletal acquisition. The KID and KIR models show unequivocally that IGF1-complex formation with the IGFBPs is fundamental for establishing normal body and organ size, and that uncontrolled IGF bioactivity could lead to pathological conditions.
Isolation and structural elucidation of griffithine by 1D and 2D NMR techniques (1991)

Abstract The isolation and structure elucidation of a novel dimeric alkaloid, griffithine, from the leafy shoots of Sophora griffithii Stock (Papilionaceae) is described. The alkaloid possesses a 12‐membered ring system formed by the linking of C‐10 and C‐10′ of the alkaloid with the N‐1 and N‐1′ atoms, respectively. The structure was established on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR studies. The relative stereochemistry at the chiral centres was determined by NOE difference experiments. 10‐Oxosparteine was isolated for the first time from the leafy shoots of Sophora griffithii .
A Novel Siglec-4 Derived Spacer Improves the Functionality of CAR T Cells Against Membrane-Proximal Epitopes (2020)

A domain that is often neglected in the assessment of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) functionality is the extracellular spacer module. However, several studies have elucidated that membrane proximal epitopes are best targeted through CARs comprising long spacers, while short spacer CARs exhibit highest activity on distal epitopes. This finding can be explained by the requirement to have an optimal distance between the effector T cell and target cell. Commonly used long spacer domains are the CH2-CH3 domains of IgG molecules. However, CARs containing these spacers generally show inferior <i>in vivo</i> efficacy in mouse models compared to their observed <i>in vitro</i> activity, which is linked to unspecific Fcγ-Receptor binding and can be abolished by mutating the respective regions. Here, we first assessed a CAR therapy targeting membrane proximal CD20 using such a modified long IgG1 spacer. However, despite these mutations, this construct failed to unfold its observed <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxic potential in an <i>in vivo</i> model, while a shorter but less structured CD8α spacer CAR showed complete tumor clearance. Given the shortage of well-described long spacer domains with a favorable functionality profile, we designed a novel class of CAR spacers with similar attributes to IgG spacers but without unspecific off-target binding, derived from the Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs). Of five constructs tested, a Siglec-4 derived spacer showed highest cytotoxic potential and similar performance to a CD8α spacer in a CD20 specific CAR setting. In a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma model, a Siglec-4 spacer CAR targeting a membrane proximal (TSPAN8) epitope was efficiently engaged <i>in vitro</i>, while a membrane distal (CD66c) epitope did not activate the T cell. Transfer of the TSPAN8 specific Siglec-4 spacer CAR to an <i>in vivo</i> setting maintained the excellent tumor killing characteristics being indistinguishable from a TSPAN8 CD8α spacer CAR while outperforming an IgG4 long spacer CAR and, at the same time, showing an advantageous central memory CAR T cell phenotype with lower release of inflammatory cytokines. In summary, we developed a novel spacer that combines cytotoxic potential with an advantageous T cell and cytokine release phenotype, which make this an interesting candidate for future clinical applications.
Bayesian Methods for Bounding Single-Event Related Risk in Low-Cost Satellite Missions (2013)

Adapting conventional SEE hardness assurance approaches to low-cost, risk tolerant missions has proven difficult. Such approaches do not have a natural approach for realizing cost savings for increased risk tolerance. We develop single-event-risk prior probability distributions based on historical and heritage data. The Priors can be used to bound SEE risk for testing, part selection and design. By adjusting the desired confidence and success probability for the prior, one can tailor it to the risk tolerance of the mission.
Comparing Power Scattered by RIS with Natural Scatter around Urban Corners (2022)

Reflective Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) are considered promising in improving coverage in Non-Line of sight (NLOS) wireless links, especially at mm wave bands. Coverage provided by RIS is here compared to coverage from such ambient propagation mechanisms as scattering from street poles, rough building walls and corner diffraction. It is found that such background scatter provides signal levels around an urban street corner comparable to that of an ideal 0.3m x 0.3 m RIS at 28 GHz. Larger area RIS is thus required to deliver substantial gain in such a scenario.
Visualisation of helical structures of poly(diphenylacetylene)s bearing chiral amide pendants by atomic force microscopy (2021)

The helical structures of poly(diphenylacetylene)s bearing optically active substituents linked through amide bonds and with a helicity memory have been visualised using atomic force microscopy. The polymers self-assembled into an ordered 2D monolayer on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite upon exposure to solvent vapour, whose helical pitch and handedness (right- and left-handed) were for the first time directly revealed at molecular resolution.
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome and Restrictive Allograft Syndrome (2013)

Acute rejection, lymphocytic bronchiolitis, colonization with pseudomonas, infection, and BAL eosinophilia and neutrophilia are risk factors for the later development not only of RAS but also of BOS.
Sampling Terrestrial Environments for Bacterial Polyketides (2017)

Bacterial polyketides are highly biologically active molecules that are frequently used as drugs, particularly as antibiotics and anticancer agents, thus the discovery of new polyketides is of major interest. Since the 1980s discovery of polyketides has slowed dramatically due in large part to the repeated rediscovery of known compounds. While recent scientific and technical advances have improved our ability to discover new polyketides, one key area has been under addressed, namely the distribution of polyketide-producing bacteria in the environment. Identifying environments where producing bacteria are abundant and diverse should improve our ability to discover (bioprospect) new polyketides. This review summarizes for the bioprospector the state-of-the-field in terrestrial microbial ecology. It provides insight into the scientific and technical challenges limiting the application of microbial ecology discoveries for bioprospecting and summarizes key developments in the field that will enable more effective bioprospecting. The major recent efforts by researchers to sample new environments for polyketide discovery is also reviewed and key emerging environments such as insect associated bacteria, desert soils, disease suppressive soils, and caves are highlighted. Finally strategies for taking and characterizing terrestrial samples to help maximize discovery efforts are proposed and the inclusion of non-actinomycetal bacteria in any terrestrial discovery strategy is recommended.
Laboratory Investigation of Dielectric Materials Exposed to Spectral Electron Environments(1 to 100 keV) (1983)

This paper discusses laboratory tests performed with a spectral energy electron source (1 to 100 keV) on dielectric samples of OSR, Kapton, Teflon, and Alphaquartz. We describe how the spectral source was fabricated and include dielectric charge and discharge data obtained in three spectral environments: dN/dE = const., dN/dE = E-1 and dN/dE = E-2 where dN is the number of electrons found in each energy bin, dE. The spectrum dN/dE = E-2 keeps all samples from charging more negative than -5 kV and produces discharges on Teflon. The spectrum dN/dE = const. produces the highest negative charging (up to -18 kV for Teflon and -9.5 kV for OSR) on the samples and causes large discharges, 1 >> 10 A on Teflon and OSR. Two types of discharges appear to dominate the kinds of discharge seen: These are 1 >> 10 A with pulsewidths τ > 200 ns and 1 < 5 A with τ < 20 ns. The largest discharges observed in spectral tests compare favorably with those observed in monoenergetic tests. Results from the fabrication and testing of the spectral source promise to provide a valuable data base with which to compare basic discharge models.
A Regulator Based “Semi-Targeted” Approach to Activate Silent Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (2021)

By culturing microorganisms under standard laboratory conditions, most biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are not expressed, and thus, the products are not produced. To explore this biosynthetic potential, we developed a novel "semi-targeted" approach focusing on activating "silent" BGCs by concurrently introducing a group of regulator genes into streptomycetes of the Tübingen strain collection. We constructed integrative plasmids containing two classes of regulatory genes under the control of the constitutive promoter <i>ermE*p</i> (cluster situated regulators (CSR) and <i>Streptomyces</i> antibiotic regulatory proteins (SARPs)). These plasmids were introduced into <i>Streptomyces sp.</i> TÜ17, <i>Streptomyces sp</i>. TÜ10 and <i>Streptomyces sp</i>. TÜ102. Introduction of the CSRs-plasmid into strain <i>S. sp</i>. TÜ17 activated the production of mayamycin A. By using the individual regulator genes, we proved that Aur1P, was responsible for the activation. In strain <i>S. sp</i>. TÜ102, the introduction of the SARP-plasmid triggered the production of a chartreusin-like compound. Insertion of the CSRs-plasmid into strain <i>S. sp</i>. TÜ10 resulted in activating the warkmycin-BGC. In both recombinants, activation of the BGCs was only possible through the simultaneous expression of <i>aur1PR3</i> and <i>griR</i> in <i>S. sp</i>. TÜ102 and <i>aur1P</i> and <i>pntR</i> in of <i>S. sp</i>. TÜ10.
Towards automatic extraction of monolingual and bilingual terminology (1994)

In this paper, we make use of linguistic knowledge to identify certain noun phrases, both in English and French, which are likely to be terms. We then test and compare different statistical scores to select the "good" ones among the candidate terms, and finally propose a statistical method to build correspondences of multi-words units across languages.
Design and implementation of wireless Smart-home sensor network based on ZigBee protocol (2008)

We propose a system of wireless smart-home sensor network based on ZigBee and PSTN remote control using PIC18LF4620 SCM and 2.4G RF transceiver module. The network configuration, communication protocol, software and hardware implementation process of our system are described in this paper. Through using the PSTN network for the long-haul network and ZigBee technology for the indoor network, our system fulfils home-remote-control and auto-alarm, expediently.
Two-Dimensional Transmission of Four-Dimensional LDPC-Coded Modulation with Slepian Sequences for DSP-Free 40 km Metro Network Transmission (2022)

We implement a 4-dimentional modulation format using Slepian sequences. We applied LDPC coding and experimentally investigated the BER performance in a 40km fiber link transmission and get the error free region without complicated DSP.
A compact wireless passive sensing mechanism based on a seamlessly integrated resonator/antenna (2011)

In this paper, a new wireless sensing mechanism is proposed based on the integration of a cavity resonator and a slot antenna. A compact structure can be achieved since this integration eliminates additional volume of the antenna and transition structure between the resonator and antenna. A resonator/antenna is demonstrated to verify the proposed technique. The resonator/antenna size is 14 by 13 by 3 mm. The resonant frequency of the resonator, i.e. 10.13 GHz, can be wirelessly detected at distances up to 55 mm. This approach can be useful in high-temperature wireless sensing applications where only passive sensors can survive.
Relation of NSAIDs to incident AD, change in cognitive function, and AD pathology (2008)

These data do not support a strong relation between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and Alzheimer disease or cognition. Consistent findings across clinical and pathologic outcomes provide additional confidence in these results.
Biological response modifiers: Current use and future prospects in cancer therapy (2010)

Over the past few decades, considerable success has been achieved in the field of cancer treatment with biological response modifiers (BRM), which are agents that improve the body's ability to fight cancer by immunostimulation. Biological agents, such as interferons and interleukins, provide nonspecific active immunity, whereas the monoclonal antibodies provide passive immunity. Apart from this, other biological agents, such as antiangiogenic agents, matrix metalloprotease inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and tumor vaccines, are also increasingly being used in cancer treatment. Hematopoietic factors, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, are used to increase the general immunity and prevent opportunistic infection. BRM are basically used alone or as adjuvants to cancer chemotherapeutic agents. This review sheds light on the current use and the future development of cancer immunotherapy. Search strategy included Pubmed, using the terms "Biological response modifiers in cancer" citations relevant to the topic were screened.
SafeSpec: Banishing the Spectre of a Meltdown with Leakage-Free Speculation (2018)

Speculative execution which is used pervasively in modern CPUs can leave side effects in the processor caches and other structures even when the speculated instructions do not commit and their direct effect is not visible. The recent Meltdown and Spectre attacks have shown that this behavior can be exploited to expose privileged information to an unprivileged attacker. In particular, the attack forces the speculative execution of a code gadget that will carry out the illegal read, which eventually gets squashed, but which leaves a side-channel trail that can be used by the attacker to infer the value. Several attack variations are possible, allowing arbitrary exposure of the full kernel memory to an unprivileged attacker. In this paper, we introduce a new model (SafeSpec) for supporting speculation in a way that is immune to side-channel leakage necessary for attacks such as Meltdown and Spectre. In particular, SafeSpec stores side effects of speculation in a way that is not visible to the attacker while the instructions are speculative. The speculative state is then either committed to the main CPU structures if the branch commits, or squashed if it does not, making all direct side effects of speculative code invisible. The solution must also address the possibility of a covert channel from speculative instructions to committed instructions before these instructions are committed. We show that SafeSpec prevents all three variants of Spectre and Meltdown, as well as new variants that we introduce. We also develop a cycle accurate model of modified design of an x86-64 processor and show that the performance impact is negligible. We build prototypes of the hardware support in a hardware description language to show that the additional overhead is small. We believe that SafeSpec completely closes this class of attacks, and that it is practical to implement.
21‐Gene recurrence scores (2011)

AA women were half as likely as W women to receive 21-gene RS testing but were 2-fold more likely to be categorized as high risk. The current data suggested that testing guidelines are not applied equivalently, testing bias may attenuate racial differences in RS, and disparate outcomes may be explained in part by differences in RS, although compliance and pharmacogenomics also may play a role.
Modulation of Striatal Projection Systems by Dopamine (2011)

The basal ganglia are a chain of subcortical nuclei that facilitate action selection. Two striatal projection systems--so-called direct and indirect pathways--form the functional backbone of the basal ganglia circuit. Twenty years ago, investigators proposed that the striatum's ability to use dopamine (DA) rise and fall to control action selection was due to the segregation of D(1) and D(2) DA receptors in direct- and indirect-pathway spiny projection neurons. Although this hypothesis sparked a debate, the evidence that has accumulated since then clearly supports this model. Recent advances in the means of marking neural circuits with optical or molecular reporters have revealed a clear-cut dichotomy between these two cell types at the molecular, anatomical, and physiological levels. The contrast provided by these studies has provided new insights into how the striatum responds to fluctuations in DA signaling and how diseases that alter this signaling change striatal function.