gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation, propagation, genome analysis and epidemiology of HKU1 betacoronaviruses (2014)

From 1 January 2009 to 31 May 2013, 15 287 respiratory specimens submitted to the Clinical Virology Laboratory at the Children's Hospital Colorado were tested for human coronavirus RNA by reverse transcription-PCR. Human coronaviruses HKU1, OC43, 229E and NL63 co-circulated during each of the respiratory seasons but with significant year-to-year variability, and cumulatively accounted for 7.4-15.6 % of all samples tested during the months of peak activity. A total of 79 (0.5 % prevalence) specimens were positive for human betacoronavirus HKU1 RNA. Genotypes HKU1 A and B were both isolated from clinical specimens and propagated on primary human tracheal-bronchial epithelial cells cultured at the air-liquid interface and were neutralized in vitro by human intravenous immunoglobulin and by polyclonal rabbit antibodies to the spike glycoprotein of HKU1. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of seven full-length genomes of Colorado HKU1 viruses and the spike glycoproteins from four additional HKU1 viruses from Colorado and three from Brazil demonstrated remarkable conservation of these sequences with genotypes circulating in Hong Kong and France. Within genotype A, all but one of the Colorado HKU1 sequences formed a unique subclade defined by three amino acid substitutions (W197F, F613Y and S752F) in the spike glycoprotein and exhibited a unique signature in the acidic tandem repeat in the N-terminal region of the nsp3 subdomain. Elucidating the function of and mechanisms responsible for the formation of these varying tandem repeats will increase our understanding of the replication process and pathogenicity of HKU1 and potentially of other coronaviruses.
TCR Binding Kinetics Measured with MHC Class I Tetramers Reveal a Positive Selecting Peptide with Relatively High Affinity for TCR (2003)

The interaction between TCR and peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes is crucial for the activation of T cells as well as for positive and negative selection in the thymus. The kinetics and affinity of this interaction and the densities of TCR and pMHC complexes on the cell surface are determining factors for different outcomes during thymic selection. In general, it is thought that agonist pMHC, which cause negative selection, have higher affinities and, in particular, slower off-rates than partial or weak agonists and antagonists, which cause positive selection. In this study, we have used pMHC tetramers to investigate the kinetics of TCR-pMHC interaction for agonist, weak agonist, and antagonist ligands of the anti-lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus P14 TCR. Kinetics determined on the cell surface may be biologically more relevant than methods using soluble proteins. We can distinguish between agonists and weak agonists or antagonists based on the half-life and the avidity of tetramer-TCR interaction. Furthermore, we show that a weak agonist self-peptide that positively selects P14 TCR(+) thymocytes has a tetramer half-life and avidity only slightly weaker than strong agonists. We show that, in fact, it can act as quite a strong agonist, but that its poor ability to stabilize MHC causes it instead to have a weak agonist phenotype.
Use of Phenacyl Thiosalicylates for the Preparation of 3-Hydroxybenzo[b]thiophene Derivatives (2018)

In this work, we attempted to synthesize thioflavonols using rearrangement of phenacyl thiosalicylates prepared by two different approaches and subjected to cyclization under acidic conditions. Contrary to our expectations, the isolated products were identified as (3-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)(phenyl)methanones. The detailed reaction mechanism was elucidated by characterization of all reaction intermediates with HPLC and NMR spectroscopy. The applicability of the reaction using different phenacyl esters was tested.
Structure-dependent threshold current density for CdZnSe-based II-VI semiconductor lasers (1994)

The optical gain and threshold current density of CdZnSe-based semiconductor lasers are calculated theoretically with strain and quantum confinement effects taken into account. Both diffusion and drift components are incorporated into the calculation of leakage current. Optimized structures are obtained for CdZnSe-based lasers with different structures through minimizing the threshold current density. A minimum current density of about 200 A/cm/sup 2/ is obtained for a Cd/sub 0.2/Zn/sub 0.8/Se/ZnS/sub 0.06/Se/sub 0.94//Zn/sub 0.75/Mg/sub 0.25/S/sub 0.42/Se/sub 0.58/ modified MQW laser.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Artifact Diamond Characterization (1991)

Abstract : Three CVD diamond films were produced in a hot-filament reactor using acetone as the carbon source. The acetone was enriched 33% at the methyl carbon, and the total gas-phase concentrations were 5.3%, 6.4%, and 7.4%. Static solid- state NMR measurements of hydrogen concentration, sp2/sp3 carbon bonding environments, and carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation have been made on these films while they remain intact on their substrates. The hydrogen concentration was found to be below 1 at. % in each film. Increasing sp2 content is found with increasing gas-phase carbon concentration. Ongoing measurements are aimed at understanding the sp3 region of the NMR spectra and its relationship to Raman measurements of these films. An increased concentration of defect centers decreased the spin-lattice relaxation time constant from 18 s to 1 s as the pas- phase carbon concentration increased.
Stereospecific Synthesis and Characterization of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Containing an N2-(1-Carboxyethyl)-2‘-deoxyguanosine (2007)

Methylglyoxal is a highly reactive alpha-ketoaldehyde that is produced endogenously and present in the environment and foods. It can modify DNA and proteins to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Emerging evidence has shown that N2-(1-carboxyethyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine (N2-CEdG) is a major marker for AGE-linked DNA adducts. Here, we report, for the first time, the preparation of oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) containing individual diastereomers of N2-CEdG via a postoligomerization synthesis method, which provided authentic substrates for examining the replication and repair of this lesion. In addition, thermodynamic parameters derived from melting temperature data revealed that the two diastereomers of N2-CEdG destabilized significantly the double helix as represented by a 4 kcal/mol increase in Gibbs free energy for duplex formation at 25 degrees C. Primer extension assay results demonstrated that both diastereomers of N2-CEdG could block considerably the replication synthesis mediated by the exonuclease-free Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Strikingly, the polymerase incorporated incorrect nucleotides, dGMP and dAMP, opposite the lesion more preferentially than the correct nucleotide, dCMP.
An adaptive training-free feature tracker for mobile phones (2010)

While tracking technologies based on fiducial markers have dominated the development of Augmented Reality (AR) applications for almost a decade, various real-time capable approaches to markerless tracking have recently been presented. However, most existing approaches do not yet achieve sufficient frame rates for AR on mobile phones or at least require an extensive training phase in advance.
The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis-induced multi-organ failure (2013)

An important role for bioenergetic dysfunction is increasingly emerging to potentially explain the paradox of clinical and biochemical organ failure in sepsis yet minimal cell death, maintained tissue oxygenation and recovery in survivors. Associations are well-recognized between the degree of mitochondrial dysfunction and outcomes. While this does not confirm cause-and-effect, it does nevertheless suggest a new route for therapeutic intervention focused on either mitochondrial protection or acceleration of the recovery process through stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis (new protein turnover). This is particularly pertinent in light of the multiple trial failures related to immunomodulatory therapies. This overview will provide insights into mitochondrial biology, the relevance to sepsis, and therapeutic opportunities that possibly emerge.
Assembly of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanorods in Solution by Depletion Attraction (2010)

Arranging anisotropic nanoparticles into ordered assemblies remains a challenging quest requiring innovative and ingenuous approaches. The variety of interactions present in colloidal solutions of nonspherical inorganic nanocrystals can be exploited for this purpose. By tuning depletion attraction forces between hydrophobic colloidal nanorods of semiconductors, dispersed in an organic solvent, these could be assembled into 2D monolayers of close-packed hexagonally ordered arrays directly in solution. Once formed, these layers could be fished onto a substrate, and sheets of vertically standing rods were fabricated, with no additional external bias applied. Alternatively, the assemblies could be isolated and redispersed in polar solvents, yielding suspensions of micrometer-sized sheets which could be chemically treated directly in solution. Depletion attraction forces were also effective in the shape-selective separation of nanorods from binary mixtures of rods and spheres. The reported procedures have the potential to enable powerful and cost-effective fabrication approaches to materials and devices based on self-organized anisotropic nanoparticles.
Behind the scenes of virtual reality: vision and motion (1996)

The phrase "Concealing Telecommunications Networks" is first introduced as an ultimate philosophical concept in human-to-human or physically evolving "multimedia" communications by employing the same face-to-face mode that is used in natural communications. Then virtual reality (VR) technologies and their current applications are introduced, followed by an introduction of cutting-edge research on "Teleconferencing with Realistic Sensations", which is a communications system that conceals the existence of telecommunications networks. Next, research activities on "vision" and "motion", the most important underlying human functions supporting technologies such as VR, are presented. These activities consist of 1) a perception model that explains how human beings mentally reconstruct 3-D shapes from 2-D information projected on the retina, and 2) research on the close relationship between the senses, i.e., auditory and visual perception, visual information, and muscular motion stimuli. As a practical application, an example of measuring eye movements for early detection of Alzheimer's disease is briefly introduced. Finally, some fundamental problems with stereoscopic 3-D displays on 2-D screens, which can make them more fatiguing than the natural environment, are discussed.
Acutrak fixation of comminuted distal radial fractures. (2004)

The authors describe a new technique of fixation of comminuted displaced distal radial fractures in young adults. A 40-year-old man fell from a ladder and injured his wrist. He sustained a comminuted fracture of the distal radius. The fracture was opened through a volar incision and the three rotated, unreduced fragments were reduced and fixed with three Acutrak (Acumed Inc., Beaverton, OR, USA) screws. A removable splint was applied to the wrist for one week, following which the wrist was mobilised. Six months later at a routine follow-up the patient had full functional use of the wrist. The purpose of this technical note is to discuss the fracture, the fixation technique, and the management of this subtype of distal radial fractures in young adults.
Measurement of thett¯cross section using high-multiplicity jet events (2010)

We present a measurement of the $t\overline{t}$ cross section using high-multiplicity jet events produced in $p\overline{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. These data were recorded at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider with the D0 detector. Events with at least six jets, two of them identified as $b$ jets, were selected from a $1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data set. The measured cross section, assuming a top quark mass of $175\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$, is $6.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{pb}$, in agreement with theoretical expectations.
Decreased hydration state of the stratum corneum and reduced amino acid content of the skin surface in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (1998)

Recent studies of the stratum corneum (SC) in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have disclosed various functional impairments even in clinically unaffected skin. However, it has not been clear whether the presence of atopic background itself has any influence on the function of the SC. In this study, we conducted functional studies of the SC in the mid-portion of the flexor surface of the forearm of 49 skin lesion-free patients with allergic rhinitis to Japanese cedar pollen (atopic respiratory disease; ARD) in early spring, their disease-active season, by comparing the findings obtained with those in 28 patients with AD and 57 age-matched healthy control subjects. The results showed that the patients with ARD had significantly lower skin surface hydration levels assessed by high-frequency conductometry than those of the healthy control subjects. These levels were, however, not as low as those noted in moderately or severely affected patients with AD. Moreover, by measuring the amounts of water-soluble amino acids contained in the superficial portions of the SC, we found that these are also decreased at a marginal level (P = 0.051) in patients with ARD compared with levels in healthy control subjects. In contrast, the water barrier function of the SC evaluated by measurements of transepidermal water loss in patients with ARD was not different from that of the healthy control subjects. These results suggest that, although their skin appears normal clinically, the SC of the patients with ARD has functional deficiency in water-holding capacity.
A retrospective cohort study of the prevalence of anxiety and agitation in schizophrenic smokers and the unmet needs of smoking cessation programs (2019)

Achieving abstinence in schizophrenic smokers using a combination of medications and cognitive behavioral therapy is feasible; however, abstinence rates are significantly lower compared to the general population and studies are scanty. Additionally, maintaining sustained abstinence and preventing relapse is a major limiting factor and represents key tasks in managing tobacco dependence in schizophrenic patients. Several theories have been postulated to explain the higher tendency of tobacco use among schizophrenic individuals. Schizophrenic patients may use nicotine as a "self-medication" strategy to improve negative symptoms of schizophrenia. However, studies suggest that although nicotine may act as an anxiolytic acutely, chronic use of nicotine may lead to increased anxiety with the possibility of increased catecholamines, which is confirmed with the prevalence of tachycardia and hypertension in smokers in general. On this basis, the main objective of our present study was to assess anxiety in schizophrenic smoking and nonsmoking patients by comparing the number of anxiety and agitation episodes and evaluating the amount of antianxiety/antiagitation medication used by each group. A separate objective was to document the unmet needs of smoking cessation programs in treating schizophrenic patients. Consequently, in the present retrospective cohort study, it was observed that schizophrenic smokers tend to have higher anxiety episodes and utilize as-needed medications at a higher frequency compared to nonsmokers for the relief of anxiety and agitation symptoms. Further research is warranted to examine these results on a larger scale.
Kentucky Agricultural Development Board (2005)

Guests – Jennifer Hudnall; Kara Keeton, Keeton Communications; Carl Chaney, Chaney’s Dairy Barn; Larry Snell, Kentucky Center for Agriculture and Rural Development (KCARD); Warren Beeler, Mark Farrow, John Roberts, Mac Stone and Stephen Yates, Kentucky Department of Agriculture (KDA); Sharon Burton, The Farmer’s Pride; Andy Mills, Meade County Extension Office; Marty Webb, Webb’s Butcher Block; Jean Marie Weiss, Heartland Equipment; Kaycee Len Carter, Community Farm Alliance; Jenny Evans, Evans Orchard; Dave Maples, Kentucky Cattlemen’s Association; Libby Carlin, Cindy James and Jason Johnson, State Auditor’s Office; Melvin Henley, State Representative; Larry Elkins, Judge Executive Calloway County; Eddie Clide, District 1 Calloway County Magistrate; Chris Thorn, Chad Thorn and Joe Dan Taylor, Calloway County Farmers; Bobby Bogges, Marshall County Farmer; Todd Powell, Calloway County Extension Agent
Sugar-derived Glasses Support Thermal and Photo-initiated Electron Transfer Processes over Macroscopic Distances (2006)

Trehalose-derived glasses are shown to support long range electron transfer reactions between spatially well separated donors and protein acceptors. The results indicate that these matrices can be used not only to greatly stabilize protein structures but also to facilitate both thermal and photo-initiated hemeprotein reduction over large macroscopic distances. To date the promise of exciting new protein-based technologies that can harness the exceptional tunability of protein functionality has been significantly thwarted by both intrinsic instability and stringent solvent/environment requirements for the expression of functional properties. The presented results raise the prospect of overcoming these limitations with respect to incorporating redox active proteins into solid state devices such as tunable batteries, switches, and solar cells. The findings also have implications for formulations intended to enhance long term storage of biomaterials, new protein-based synthetic strategies, and biophysical studies of functional intermediates trapped under nonequilibrium conditions. In addition, the study shows that certain sugars such as glucose or tagatose, when added to redox-inactive glassy matrices, can be used as a source of thermal electrons that can be harvested by suitable redox active proteins, raising the prospect of using common sugars as an electron source in solid state thermal fuel cells.
ART to Decrease MTCT and Improve Survival in Botswana (2013)

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rates can be as low as 1% if antiretroviral therapy (ART) is provided during pregnancy and continued until
Modeling and Managing Thermal Profiles of Rack-mounted Servers with ThermoStat (2007)

High power densities and the implications of high operating temperatures on the failure rates of components are key driving factors of temperature-aware computing. Computer architects and system software designers need to understand the thermal consequences of their proposals, and develop techniques to lower operating temperatures to reduce both transient and permanent component failures. Tools for understanding temperature ramifications of designs have been mainly restricted to industry for studying packaging and cooling mechanisms, with little access to such toolsets for academic researchers. Developing such tools is an arduous task since it usually requires cross-cutting areas of expertise spanning architecture, systems software, thermodynamics, and cooling systems. Recognizing the need for such tools, there has been work on modeling temperatures of processors at the micro-architectural level which can be easily understood and employed by computer architects for processor designs. However, there is a dearth of such tools in the academic/research community for undertaking architectural/systems studies beyond a processor - a server box, rack or even a machine room. This paper presents a detailed 3-dimensional computational fluid dynamics based thermal modeling tool, called ThermoStat, for rack-mounted server systems. Using this tool, we model a 20 (each with dual Xeon processors) node rack-mounted server system, and validate it with over 30 temperature sensor measurements at different points in the servers/rack. We conduct several experiments with this tool to show how different load conditions affect the thermal profile, and also illustrate how this tool can help design dynamic thermal management techniques
Discovery of a Series of Nonpeptide Small Molecules That Inhibit the Binding of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) to IGF-Binding Proteins (2001)

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and II) play an important role in metabolic and mitogenic activities through stimulation of the IGF-I receptor on the cell surface. Although the concentration of IGF in blood and cerebrospinal fluid is quite high (>100 nM), this large pool of IGF is biologically inactive because of its association with six distinct binding proteins, which form high-affinity complexes with IGF. Thus, inhibitors of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), especially IGFBP-3, could potentially alter the distribution between the "free" and "bound" forms of IGF and thereby elevate biologically active IGF-I to exert a beneficial effect on those patients with diseases that respond to the application of exogenous IGF-I. Whereas IGF-I peptide variants, which bind to IGFBPs but not the IGF-I receptor, have been shown to be potent IGF/IGFBP inhibitors, small molecule nonpeptide IGF/IGFBP inhibitors have the potential advantages of oral bioavailability and flexible dosing regimen. Here we report the discovery of several isoquinoline analogues, exemplified by 1 and 2, which bind IGFBP-3 as well as other IGFBPs at low nanomolar concentrations. More importantly, both compounds were shown to be able to release biologically active IGF-I from the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 complex. These results point to the feasibility of developing orally active therapeutics to treat IGF-responsive diseases by optimization of the lead molecules 1 and 2.
Synthesis and structure of 5‐oxo‐1‐phenylpyrazoline‐3‐ and 4‐alkanoic acids. Antiinflammatory agents (1969)

Abstract Condensation of appropriate β‐keto esters with phenylhydrazine gave 5‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐2‐pyrazoline‐3‐and 4‐alkanoic esters 1 and 3 which were saponified to the corresponding alkanoic acids 2 and 4 . Analogous condensation of the same β‐keto esters with hydrazobenzene gave 5‐oxo‐1,2‐diphenyl‐3‐pyrazoline‐3‐and 4‐alkanoic esters 5 and 7 which were similarly converted to acids 6 and 8 . The structures of the oxopyrazolines as revealed by their infrared absorption are discussed, and results of their antiinflammatory screening are reported.
Genetic deletion of genes in the cerebellar rhombic lip lineage can stimulate compensation through adaptive reprogramming of ventricular zone-derived progenitors (2019)

We demonstrate that a mouse conditional mutation that results in loss of SHH signaling in GCPs is not sufficient to induce long term severe cerebellum hypoplasia. The ability of the neonatal cerebellum to regenerate after loss of cells via a response by NEPs must therefore be considered when interpreting the phenotypes of Atoh1-Cre conditional mutants affecting GCPs.