gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corrigendum: Amphiphilic Bicyclic Peptides as Cellular Delivery Agents (2016)

The authors wish to make it known that co-author Dr. Shaban Anwar Darwish was also affiliated with the Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt). Dr. Darwish was a visiting researcher at the University of Rhode Island but was still affiliated with the National Research Centre in Egypt at that time.
Ion chemistry of cyanides and isocyanides. 2. Alkylation of hydrogen cyanide and cyanides by oxygen and sulfur compounds. Gas-phase synthesis and reactions of protonated isocyanides (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon chemistry of cyanides and isocyanides. 2. Alkylation of hydrogen cyanide and cyanides by oxygen and sulfur compounds. Gas-phase synthesis and reactions of protonated isocyanidesMichael Meot-Ner and Zeev KarpasCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 10, 2206–2210Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/j100401a042Request reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (634 KB) Get e-Alerts
The Sound of Scotoma: Audio Space Representation Reorganization in Individuals With Macular Degeneration (2019)

Blindness is an ideal condition to study the role of visual input on the development of spatial representation, as studies have shown how audio space representation reorganizes in blindness. However, how spatial reorganization works is still unclear. A limitation of the study on blindness is that it is a "stable" system and it does not allow for studying the mechanisms that subtend the progress of this reorganization. To overcome this problem here we study, for the first time, audio spatial reorganization in 18 adults with macular degeneration (MD) for which the loss of vision due to scotoma is an ongoing progressive process. Our results show that the loss of vision produces immediate changes in the processing of spatial audio signals. In individuals with MD, the lateral sounds are "attracted" toward the central scotoma position resulting in a strong bias in the spatial auditory percept. This result suggests that the reorganization of audio space representation is a fast and plastic process occurring also later in life, after vision loss.
Allosteric regulation by cytoplasmic Ca2+ and IP3 of the gating of IP3 receptors in permeabilized guinea‐pig vascular smooth muscle cells (1998)

1. The potentiation by Ca2+ of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced Ca2+ release was studied by measuring luminal Ca2+ concentrations of the Ca2+ stores using a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, furaptra, in permeabilized smooth muscle cells. 2. Ca2+ release at 10 microM IP3 was potentiated by an increase in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in the presence of 10 mM EGTA. This effect was not due to the pharmacological effect of EGTA, because changes in the EGTA concentration at a constant Ca2+ concentration had no effect on the Ca2+ release rate. 3. With an increase in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration from 30 to 630 nM, the Ca2+ release rate at a saturating IP3 concentration increased 110-fold and the EC50 for IP3 increased from 0.07 to 1.0 microM. It was also indicated that the relationship between Ca2+ concentration and Ca2+ release rate was shifted towards higher Ca2+ concentrations at higher IP3 concentrations. 4. These results suggest that IP3 and submicromolar concentrations of Ca2+ allosterically lower the affinity of the IP3 receptor for each other and are both required for IP3 receptor activation. These properties enable the IP3 receptors to detect simultaneous increases in IP3 and Ca2+ concentrations.
Novel Approaches for Campylobacter Control in Poultry (2009)

The Gram-negative bacterium Campylobacter is the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis in the United States and many industrialized countries. Poultry, particularly chickens, is considered a major source of human campylobacteriosis. Thus, on-farm control of Campylobacter in poultry would reduce the risk of human exposure to this pathogen and have a significant impact on food safety and public health. To date, three general strategies have been proposed to control Campylobacter in poultry at the farm level: (1) reduction of environmental exposure (biosecurity measures), (2) an increase in poultry's host resistance to reduce Campylobacter carriage in the gut (e.g., competitive exclusion, vaccination, and host genetics selection), and (3) the use of antimicrobial alternatives to reduce and even eliminate Campylobacter from colonized chickens (e.g., bacteriophage therapy and bacteriocin treatment). Except for biosecurity measures, the other intervention approaches are currently not commercially available and are still under development. This review is focused on two promising strategies--vaccination and bacteriocin treatment. In particular, we extensively review recent research aimed at discovering and characterizing potent anti-Campylobacter bacteriocins to reduce Campylobacter load at the primary production level in poultry.
Fixed‐point type iterations in numerical simulations for static and dynamic elastoplasticity (2003)

Abstract Dynamics of the elastoplastic media is stated in terms of plastic eigenstrains acting upon a background elastic problem with fixed (initial) stiffness. The plastic flow is described by specifically introduced plastic multipliers, which minimizes the number of unknown variables to be determined within the time step. A fixed‐point type iteration strategy is suggested for the computation of the plastic multipliers, which has been implemented for the finite element spatial discretization. Numerical experiments show the correctness and the effectiveness of the developed algorithm.
Effects of aniline concentrations on the electrical and mechanical properties of polyaniline polyvinyl alcohol blends (2015)

Abstract In this work, we present an exclusive study on the effect of the feeding ratio of the monomer (aniline) on the structural, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of polyaniline (PANI) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blends. The films obtained from the blends are characterised to determine their surface properties and structural morphology (elemental analysis, SEM and FTIR), thermal properties (TGA and DSC) and optical properties (UV–Vis spectroscopy). We study the effects of aniline on the mechanical and electrical properties of the composites by performing tensile, four probe and A.C. conductivity measurements, respectively. The SEM images reveal a heterogeneous distribution of conductive PANI particles in the continuous PVA matrix. During this experiment, the tensile strength of the blend films is maintained with an increase in the amount of aniline (up to 25wt%), and this behaviour is attributed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding between PANI and PVA in the presence of the surfactant DBSA. The potential attraction of the experiment lies in the nature of the conductivity (of the blend films), which is found to increase from 10−8 to 10−3S/cm with a percolation threshold of 0.78wt%.
Endothelial Cell Influences on Vascular Smooth Muscle Phenotype (1986)

Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is the major pathway for the degradation of fatty acids and is essential for maintaining energy homeostasis in the human body. Fatty acids are a crucial energy source in the postabsorptive and fasted states when ...Read More
Instabilites creees par melange a quatre ondes dans une vapeur atomique. Morphogenese et chaos temporel (1994)

Lorsque deux ondes electromagnetiques intenses de meme frequence et de meme polarisation se propagent dans des sens opposes dans un milieu non-lineaire, au dessus d'une certaine intensite seuil, des ondes appelees instabilites sont emises spontanement dans des directions differentes de celles des pompes. Ce travail de these a consiste en l'etude des instabilites generees dans une vapeur de rubidium dans deux situations experimentales differentes. Dans la premiere experience, une onde pompe intense se propage dans le milieu non-lineaire, se reflechit sur un miroir de retroaction et est alors reinjectee dans le milieu non-lineaire. Pour une intensite suffisante et une frequence adaptee de l'onde pompe, des instabilites sont emises. Elles pourront se reflechir sur le miroir de retroaction et etre reinjectees dans le milieu non-lineaire. Leur structure transverse en champ lointain est alors constituee de diverses figures comme des anneaux concentriques, deux points diametralement opposes ou des figures comportant un nombre pair de taches reparties sur un cercle et appelees marguerites. L'etude theorique de ces instabilites associee a une etude experimentale a permis de predire et de decrire le comportement des differentes instabilites emises en fonction des differents parametres du systeme. En particulier ces etudes ont montre que l'intensite des instabilites pouvait etre statique, periodique ou chaotique. La deuxieme experience ne comporte pas de miroir de retroaction et le faisceau laser est separe en deux ondes pompes se contrepropageant dans le milieu non-lineaire. En champ lointain, les instabilites transverses sont constituees par un seul anneau, deux points diametralement opposes ou des hexagones. L'intensite de ces instabilites peut etre chaotique et l'etude de ce chaos ete realisee. Cette etude a montre de nombreux points communs avec des experiences effectuees en hydrodynamique
An instrument to measure stream channel gradient and profiles. (1980)

Description A waterlevel to measure streambed profiles and gradients is described. Line of sight is not required for accurate (to 1 cm) measurements. Assembly and use are discussed.
Yelling in the hall (2011)

In our field deployments of mobile remote presence (MRP) systems in offices, we observed that remote operators of MRPs often unintentionally spoke too loudly. This disrupted their local co-workers, who happened to be within earshot of the MRP system. To address this issue, we prototyped and empirically evaluated the effect of sidetone to help operators self regulate their speaking loudness. Sidetone is the intentional, attenuated feedback of speakers' voices to their ears while they are using a telecommunication device. In a 3-level (no sidetone vs. low sidetone vs. high sidetone) within- participants pair of experiments, people interacted with a confederate through an MRP system. The first experiment involved MRP operators using headsets with boom microphones (N=20). The second experiment involved MRP operators using loudspeakers and desktop microphones (N=14). While we detected the effects of the sidetone manipulation in our audio-visual context, the effect was attenuated in comparison to earlier audio-only studies. We hypothesize that the strong visual component of our MRP system interferes with the sidetone effect. We also found that engaging in more social tasks (e.g., a getting-to-know-you activity) and more intellectually demanding tasks (e.g., a creativity exercise) influenced how loudly people spoke. This suggests that testing such sidetone effects in the typical read-aloud setting is insufficient for generalizing to more interactive, communication tasks. We conclude that MRP application support must reach beyond the time honored audio-only technologies to solve the problem of excessive speaker loudness.
Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome-Related Pathways via Tianeptine Treatment-Suppressed Microglia Polarization to the M1 Phenotype in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Cultures (2018)

An increasing body of evidence postulates that microglia are the main mediators of inflammation-related disorders, including depression. Since activated microglia produce a wide range of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, the modulation of M1/M2 microglial polarization by antidepressants may be crucial in the treatment of depression. The current paper aimed to investigate the impact of tianeptine on the microglia’s viability/death parameters, and on M1/M2 microglial activation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms via which tianeptine affected the LPS-evoked changes were investigated. The results revealed that tianeptine had partially protective effects on the changes in microglia viability/death evoked by LPS. Tianeptine attenuated microglia activation by decreasing the expression of cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) markers, as well as the release of pro-inflammatory factors: interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and chemokine CC motif ligand 2 (CCL2), and the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. In contrast, we did not observe an impact of tianeptine on M2 microglia measured by IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) expression. Moreover, we demonstrated an inhibitory effect of tianeptine on the LPS-induced activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like (NOD-like) receptor pyrin-containing 3 inflammasome (NLRP3) inflammasome subunits, NLRP3 and caspase-1, as well as the ability of tianeptine to reduce Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) levels, as well as the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Collectively, we demonstrated that tianeptine has protective properties and inhibits M1 polarization, thus attenuating the production of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, we found that M1 microglia suppression may be related to the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR4 signaling. These findings suggest that a better understanding of the multifaceted mechanisms of tianeptine action on microglia may increase the effectiveness of therapy, where inflammation is a central hallmark.
Distributed Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Voltage Regulation in Distribution Networks With High PV Penetration (2016)

The voltage rise problem in low voltage distribution networks with high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) resources is one of the most important challenges in the development of these renewable resources since it may prevent the maximum PV penetration considering the reliability and security issues of distribution networks. In this paper, the battery energy storage (BES) systems are used in order to solve the voltage rise during the peak PV generation as well as the voltage drop while meeting the peak load. A coordinated control strategy is proposed to regulate the charge/discharge of BESs using a combination of the local droop-based control method and a distributed control scheme which ensures the voltages of feeder remain within allowed limits. Therefore, two different consensus algorithms are used: the first algorithm determines the BESs participation in voltage regulation in terms of their installed capacity whereas the second one modifies the BESs performance in terms of their state of charge to prevent the excessive saturation or depletion of batteries. The proposed controller enables the effective use of storage capacity in different conditions. Finally, the simulation results based upon real data of a radial distribution feeder validate the effectiveness of this approach.
A Cognitive Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Architecture for Autonomous-Capable Electrified Vehicles (2018)

Autonomous vehicle industry is making rapid progress in the development of commercial vehicles with higher levels of autonomy. Although the general advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) architecture is widely discussed, limited details are available about the functionality of the modules and their interactions, backed up by scientific justification. This, in turn, limits the utilization of such architecture for pragmatic implementation. A cognitive ADAS architecture for level 4 autonomous-capable electrified vehicles (EVs) is proposed. Variations for levels 3 and 3.5, which are simply seen to be a combination of 3 and 4, with the primary fallback through a human driver and the secondary through an automated driving system, are also presented. A simulation framework is built for highway driving based on the proposed level 4 architecture for an enhanced Tesla Model S. It was concluded that the autonomous control provided a 23% energy economy increase, on average, compared to a human driver control. Through a detailed sensitivity analysis, the optimal mission/motion planning and energy management in addition to the positive impact on the EV battery, motor, and acceleration/deceleration profiles are considered to contribute to this significant increase in the energy economy of an autonomous-controlled EV.
Soft Pneumatic Actuator Skin with Piezoelectric Sensors for Vibrotactile Feedback (2016)

The latest wearable technologies demand more intuitive and sophisticated interfaces for communication, sensing, and feedback closer to the body. Evidently, such interfaces require flexibility and conformity without losing their functionality even on rigid surfaces. Although there has been various research efforts in creating tactile feedback to improve various haptic interfaces and master-slave manipulators, we are yet to see a comprehensive device that can both supply vibratory actuation and tactile sensing. This paper describes a soft pneumatic actuator (SPA) based, SPA-skin prototype that allows bidirectional tactile information transfer to facilitate simpler and responsive wearable interface. We describe the design and fabrication of a 1.4 mm-thick vibratory SPA - skin that is integrated with piezoelectric sensors. We examine in detail the mechanical performance compared to the SPA model and the sensitivity of the sensors for the application in vibrotactile feedback. Experimental findings show that this ultra-thin SPA and the unique integration process of the discrete lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based piezoelectric sensors achieve high resolution of soft contact sensing as well as accurate control on vibrotactile feedback by closing the control loop.
Replay in Deep Learning: Current Approaches and Missing Biological Elements (2021)

Replay is the reactivation of one or more neural patterns that are similar to the activation patterns experienced during past waking experiences. Replay was first observed in biological neural networks during sleep, and it is now thought to play a critical role in memory formation, retrieval, and consolidation. Replay-like mechanisms have been incorporated in deep artificial neural networks that learn over time to avoid catastrophic forgetting of previous knowledge. Replay algorithms have been successfully used in a wide range of deep learning methods within supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning paradigms. In this letter, we provide the first comprehensive comparison between replay in the mammalian brain and replay in artificial neural networks. We identify multiple aspects of biological replay that are missing in deep learning systems and hypothesize how they could be used to improve artificial neural networks.
Cylindrical Hall device (2002)

We present a new magnetic sensor based on the Hall effect, sensitive to a cylindrical magnetic field. Such a field is found around a wire carrying a current or under the gap between magnetic concentrators. Compared to traditional (plate-like) Hall devices, the geometry of the cylindrical Hall device allows lower bias voltage and lower offset to be achieved. The combination of this new device with integrated magnetic concentrators results in a very high detectivity magnetic sensor.
ChemInform Abstract: Spirocyclic Nonpeptide Glycoprotein IIb—IIIa Antagonists. Part 2. Design of Potent Antagonists Containing the 3‐Azaspiro[5.5]undec‐9‐yl Template. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
EFFECT OF CORTISONE AND AGE ON THE HYDROXYPROLINE AND PROLINE CONCENTRATIONS OF BLOOD AND URINE IN THE RAT (1958)

Hydroxyproline and proline form almost one-third of collagen. Moreover, a small amount of hydroxyproline has been found only in elastin. Hence, hydroxyproline has been used in the investigation of collagen. Stetten (1949) suggested that the hydroxyproline of collagen does not originate from the free hydroxyproline of blood but from the proline that is not oxidised before the peptide level. In this respect proline is closely related to the metabolism of hydroxyproline. The effect of cortisone on protein metabolism is considered to be catabolic or anti-anabolic (e.g., Albright, 1942, Ingle, 1950, Hoberman, 1951, Clark, 1953). This causes, for instance, the decrease in body weight and the increase in urinary nitrogen excretion seen after large doses of cortisone (Clark, 1953). The above observations have been found to concern the carcass protein rather than the structural, e.g., collagen (Kochakian & Robertson, 1951, Silber & Porter, 1952). Roberts et al. (1951) observed that cortisone
Copa: Practical Delay-Based Congestion Control for the Internet. (2018)

Congestion control schemes that are commonly deployed today are loss-based and were developed in the 2000s. The internet has changed dramatically since then, and these schemes are no longer suitable. This has prompted new research interest in this area, ranging from complex machine learning and optimization techniques [1, 2, 3, 4] to exploring usage of hitherto under-explored ack-arrival rate as signals [5, 6, 7]. It has long been recognized that delay-based congestion control overcomes many challenges that loss-based schemes face [8, 9]. However they have challenges of their own that have precluded their deployment. In this work, we identify and solve some of these challenges to create Copa, a practical delay-based congestion control algorithm for the Copa solves three challenges. (1) It periodically empties the queue to accurately measure the minimum (base) RTT, (2) it proposes a simple estimator for queuing delay that is robust to noise in RTT measurements, (3) it introduces TCP-mode switching: normally Copa maintains low delays, but typically delay-sensitive schemes get low throughput when a buffer-filling flow shares the bottleneck. To solve this problem, when Copa detects a non-Copa flow, such as a buffer-filling TCP, it switches to a TCP-competitive mode to get its fair share of the bandwidth. Based on work published at Arun, Venkat, and Hari Balakrishnan. Copa: Practical Delay-Based Congestion Control for the Internet. 15th {USENIX} Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation ({NSDI} 18). USENIX} Association, 2018.