gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the model for experimental testicular teratoma in 129/SvJ-mice (1999)

An animal model of experimental testicular teratoma has been established to study how a teratoma affects the host testis and how the host testis reacts against the teratoma. 129/SvJ-mice were used as experimental animals. To induce the experimental testicular teratoma, male gonadal ridges from 12-day-old 129/SvJ-mouse fetuses were grafted into the testes of adult mice for 1–12 weeks. The developing tumour was analysed by light and electron microscopy and by immunocytochemical localization of transcription factors SOX9 and c-kit, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and type IV collagen. Testicular teratoma was observed in 36 out of 124 testes with implanted fetal gonadal ridges (frequency 29%). One spontaneous testicular teratoma was observed in this material from 70 male mice (1.5%). One week after implantation intracordal clusters of cells were seen in embryonic testicular cords of the graft as the first sign of testicular teratomas. Four weeks after implantation the embryonic testicular cords had totally disappeared from grafts with teratomas, and the tumour tissue had enlarged the testis and invaded the interstitium of the host testis. It consisted of solitary pieces of immature cartilage as well as of glial cells and of primitive neuroepithelium. Six to eight weeks after implantation the tumour tissue had expanded so that the enlarged testis could be detected by macroscopic enlargement of the scrotum. The testicular tissue of the host had practically disappeared, and only solitary disrupted seminiferous tubules of the host were seen surrounding the teratoma. Neuroepithelial structures of some teratomas cultured for 8 weeks had cells with a granular nucleus as a sign of obvious apoptosis. Eleven to 12 weeks after implantation the growth of the teratoma had stopped, and the histology corresponded to that of a mature cystic teratoma. GFAP, SOX9 and type IV collagen were strongly positive in some parts of the tumours cultured for 4 and 8 weeks, while only occasional c-kit-positive areas were observed in tumours cultured for 8 weeks. As conclusions: (1) the metastasizing capacity of the experimental testicular teratoma is very low during 12 weeks, but the behaviour of the tumour in the testicular tissue of the graft is invasive; (2) the growth of experimental testicular teratomas cease 6–8 weeks after implantation of the fetal gonadal ridges with the obvious apoptosis of the immature tissue components; (3) the model of experimental testicular teratoma in the mouse is suitable for studying how the teratoma affects the host testis and how the host testis reacts to teratoma.
Regime‐dependent streamflow sensitivities to Pacific climate modes cross the Georgia–Puget transboundary ecoregion (2007)

Abstract The Georgia Basin–Puget Sound Lowland region of British Columbia (Canada) and Washington State (USA) presents a crucial test in environmental management due to its combination of abundant salmonid habitat, rapid population growth and urbanization, and multiple national jurisdictions. It is also hydrologically complex and heterogeneous, containing at least three streamflow regimes: pluvial (rainfall‐driven winter freshet), nival (melt‐driven summer freshet), and hybrid (both winter and summer freshets), reflecting differing elevation ranges within various watersheds. We performed bootstrapped composite analyses of river discharge, air temperature, and precipitation data to assess El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) impacts upon annual hydrometeorological cycles across the study area. Canadian and American data were employed from a total of 21 hydrometric and four meteorological stations. The surface meteorological anomalies showed strong regional coherence. In contrast, the seasonal impacts of coherent modes of Pacific circulation variability were found to be fundamentally different between streamflow regimes. Thus, ENSO and PDO effects can vary from one stream to the next within this region, albeit in a systematic way. Furthermore, watershed glacial cover appeared to complicate such relationships locally; and an additional annual streamflow regime was identified that exhibits climatically driven non‐linear phase transitions. The spatial heterogeneity of seasonal flow responses to climatic variability may have substantial implications to catchment‐specific management and planning of water resources and hydroelectric power generation, and it may also have ecological consequences due to the matching or phase‐locking of lotic and riparian biological activity and life cycles to the seasonal cycle. The results add to a growing body of literature suggesting that assessments of the streamflow impacts of ocean–atmosphere circulation modes must accommodate local hydrological characteristics and dynamics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd. The copyright in Paul H. Whitfield's contribution belongs to the Crown in right of Canada and such copyright material is reproduced with the permission of Environment Canada.
Outcomes of Short-Gap Sensory Nerve Injuries Reconstructed with Processed Nerve Allografts from a Multicenter Registry Study (2015)

Sensory outcomes for processed nerve allografts were equivalent to historical controls for nerve autograft and exceed those of conduit. Processed nerve allografts provide an effective solution for short-gap digital nerve reconstructions.
FIGURE 2. Gryllus assimilis. a in Billions and billions sold: Pet-feeder crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), commercial cricket farms, an epizootic densovirus, and government regulations make for a potential disaster (2012)

FIGURE 2. Gryllus assimilis. a. Adult male from Mexico, Quintana Roo, near Cobá, more typical dark phase. Note dull pronotum (arrow) due to covering of fine hairs. b. Adult male from Mexico, Quintana Roo, Cancun, rarer light color phase, showing dull pronotum and head with indications of stripes. Field collected adults of both sexes are always long winged. Such color variation in natural specimens confirms the importance of male calling song for positive identification.
An efficient deadlock-free tree-based routing algorithm for irregular wormhole-routed networks based on the turn model (2004)

We proposed an efficient deadlock-free tree-based routing algorithm, the DOWN/UP routing, for irregular wormhole-routed networks based on the turn model. In a tree-based routing algorithm, hot spots around the root of a spanning tree and the uneven traffic distribution are the two main facts degrade the performance of the routing algorithm. To solve the hot spot and the uneven traffic distribution problems, in the DOWN/UP routing, it tries to push the traffic downward to the leaves of a spanning tree as much as possible and remove prohibited turn pairs with opposite directions in each node, respectively. To evaluate the performance of DOWN/UP routing, the simulation is conducted. We have implemented the DOWN/UP routing along with the L-turn routing on the IRFlexSim0.5 simulator. Irregular networks that contain 128 switches with 4-port and 8-port configurations are simulated. The simulation results show that the proposed routing algorithm outperforms the L-turn routing for all test samples in terms of the degree of hot spots, the traffic load distribution, and throughput.
On the mathematical modeling of memristors (2010)

Since the fourth fundamental element (Memristor) became a reality by HP labs, and due to its huge potential, its mathematical models became a necessity. In this paper, we provide a simple mathematical model of Memristors characterized by linear dopant drift for sinusoidal input voltage, showing a high matching with the nonlinear SPICE simulations. The frequency response of the Memristor's resistance and its bounding conditions are derived. The fundamentals of the pinched i-v hysteresis, such as the critical resistances, the hysteresis power and the maximum operating current, are derived for the first time.
Plant root carbohydrates affect growth behaviour of endophytic microfungi (2002)

Abstract Peucedanum alsaticum and Peucedanum cervaria represent characteristic umbellifers (Apiaceae) of calcareous grasslands in Central and Eastern Europe. Both accumulate glucose, fructose, mannitol and sucrose as dominant carbohydrates in their roots. The objective of the study was to determine if endophytes utilise host plant carbohydrates differently than rhizosphere and bulk soil microfungi. Inula ensifolia (Asteraceae), Lathyrus latifolius (Fabaceae) and Bromus erectus (Poaceae), all plants that grow along with the two umbellifers, accumulated only sucrose as major sugar in their roots. Germ tube growth of 30 microfungal isolates, recovered from various rhizosphere habitats, was quantified in microdilutions (10-5000 mug ml(-1)) of a number of substrates, including glucose, sucrose, mannitol and the water-soluble plant root carbohydrate mixtures. Multivariate analysis of variance and subsequent least significant difference analysis of isolate group means revealed that sucrose and mannitol utilisation affected affiliation to a certain fungal lifestyle. Endophytes utilised host plant carbohydrates more efficiently at lower concentrations. Conversely, higher concentrations slowed their growth. Non-host carbohydrates did not cause comparable effects. The results suggest that root carbohydrate diversity may determine fungal diversity in natural rhizosphere environments.
[Taxonomy of Enterobacter sakazakii and the biological characteristics of the new species and genus]. (2010)

Enterobacter sakazakii, one of the major pathogens affecting the safety of infant formula powder was defined as a species in 1980. However, the new names and new combinations about Enterobacter sakazakii notified in volume 58, part 6, of the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSB). The taxonomic relationship of strains described as E. sakazakii, biological characteristics of its new genus and species, the development related to its isolation and identification were reviewed in this paper, in order to facilitate the related personnel to keep in touch with the latest developments on E. sakazakii. It's also conducive to unify and standardize the Chinese name for E. sakazakii.
Engineered Heterochronic Parabiosis in 3D Microphysiological System for Identification of Muscle Rejuvenating Factors (2020)

Exposure of aged mice to a young systemic milieu revealed remarkable rejuvenation effects on aged tissues, including skeletal muscle. Although some candidate factors have been identified, the exact identity and the underlying mechanisms of putative rejuvenating factors remain elusive, mainly due to the complexity of <i>in vivo</i> parabiosis. Here, we present an <i>in vitro</i> muscle parabiosis system that integrates young- and old-muscle stem cell vascular niche on a three-dimensional microfluidic platform designed to recapitulate key features of native muscle stem cell microenvironment. This innovative system enables mechanistic studies of cellular dynamics and molecular interactions within the muscle stem cell niche, especially in response to conditional extrinsic stimuli of local and systemic factors. We demonstrate that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling from endothelial cells and myotubes synergistically contribute to the rejuvenation of the aged muscle stem cell function. Moreover, with the adjustable on-chip system, we can mimic both blood transfusion and parabiosis and detect the time-varying effects of anti-geronic and pro-geronic factors in a single organ or multi-organ systems. Our unique approach presents a complementary <i>in vitro</i> model to supplement <i>in vivo</i> parabiosis for identifying potential anti-geronic factors responsible for revitalizing aging organs.
Acquisition and tracking strategies of the OPTEL 25 GEO terminal (2003)

Contraves Space is developing the OPTEL family of laser communication terminals for satellite communications. Near term market opportunities have identified the OPTEL 25 GEO terminal as the first member of the OPTEL family for commercial applications. These applications are for medium-range crosslink applications between geostationary telecommunication satellites having transparent payloads. With the OPTEL 25 GEO, an analog passband of nominally 500 MHz - usually comprising several transponder channels - can be transmitted across a distance of typically 25,000 km.
Enriched acoustic environment after noise trauma abolishes neural signs of tinnitus (2006)

Noise-induced hearing loss induces reorganization of the tonotopic map in cat auditory cortex and increases spontaneous firing rate and neural synchrony. We showed previously that keeping cats after noise trauma in an acoustic environment enriched in high frequencies prevents tonotopic map reorganization. Here, we show the effects of low-frequency and high-frequency enriched acoustic environments on spontaneous firing rate and neural synchrony. Exposed cats placed in the quiet environment and in the low-frequency enriched acoustic environment showed increased spontaneous firing rate and synchrony of firing. In contrast, exposed cats placed in the high-frequency enriched acoustic environment did not show significant differences in spontaneous firing rate or synchrony compared with normal hearing controls. This is interpreted as an absence of putative neural signs of tinnitus.
Rheological analysis of polyvinyl butyral near the glass transition temperature (2001)

Abstract In many polymer manufacturing operations, the material is processed near the glass transition temperature (T g ). Examples are thermoforming, blow molding, film blowing, hot embossing, forging, plastic welding, and de‐airing in safety glass lamination. In these processes, solid‐like behaviors such as strain hardening and yielding play important roles. These material properties cause the material to flow (or deform) in a way that substantially differs from a polymer melt. In order to understand the flow behavior near the T g , polyvinyl butyral (PVB), a rubbery polymer used in safety glass lamination, was studied in this work. The flow properties of the polymer above the T g were characterized by using both shear and elongational rheometers, and a tensile tester. The measured flow properties were described by a viscoelastic constitutive model.
Performance characterization of a high efficiency gas-fed pulsed plasma thruster (1997)

We present a characterization of the performance of a recently developed gas-fed pulsed plasma thruster (GF-PPT) at low discharge energies (•5 J). The impulsive thrust measurements were made using EPPDyL’s high-accuracy interferometric microthrust stand. The thruster is best suited for small satellite applications and is operated in an unsteady pulsed mode (3 „s/pulse). It is the result of a series of design iterations aimed at achieving the highest thrust e‐ciencies for unsteady electromagnetic acceleration at low discharge energies. The use of advanced nonlinear magnetic switching technology, which insured a total system inductance of 3-4 nH, combined with an electrode geometry and radial gas injection that favor low proflle losses, yielded a total e‐ciency of 50% at 5 J with argon (at an impulse bit of 32 „Ns and a mass bit of .2 „g/shot). This is the highest measured e‐ciency ever reported for a PPT at this low energy level. Moreover, the low mass utilization e‐ciency problem that plagued previous gas-fed pulsed
ADVANCED DIGITAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES. (1970)

The objective of the study program was to explore several digital processing areas and investigate the salient problems associated with each. These areas under consideration included digital matched filtering, digital bandpass filtering, lowpass sampling and rapid processing. The nature of the problem of digitally filtering or extracting narrowband information from a broadband signal is described and three approaches (sampling rate decimation, block delay, staggered sampling) are discussed and illustrated with examples and computer simulations. In order to perform the numerical processing (digital filtering) rapidly, the sequence of arithmatic operations is exploited for all symmetries with specific consideration given to a reordering technique, and coefficient normalization. Two procedures are described for synthesizing filter characteristics in the frequency domain but with the processing accomplished in the time domain. The first matches frequency characteristics (magnitude and phase) of a recursive digital filter at a selectable number of points, the second is a recursive formulation of the Fast Fourier transforms algorithm.
Message from the demonstrations chair (2013)

It is my pleasure to welcome you to the fifth Demonstration Session at the IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN) 2013.
Deficiency of Nardilysin in the Liver Reduces Serum Cholesterol Levels (2021)

Nardilysin (NRDC) has been shown to be involved in post-translational histone modifications, in addition to enhancement in ectodomain shedding of membrane-anchored protein, which play significant roles in various pathophysiology, including glucose homeostasis, inflammatory diseases and cancer. The present study sought to determine roles of NRDC in the liver on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. We established liver-specific NRDC deficient mice by use of NRD1 floxed mice and albumin promoter-Cre recombinase (Cre) transgenic mice, and found that their serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were significantly lower than those in control littermate mice. In the liver, LDL receptor (LDLR) mRNA expression was significantly upregulated, while inducible degrader of LDLR (IDOL) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) mRNA expression was significantly downregulated, in liver-specific NRDC deficient mice. Hepatic cell-surface LDLR expression levels were significantly elevated and serum pro-protein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels were significantly reduced in mice with hepatic NRDC deficiency. In cultured hepatocytes, NRDC deficiency significantly reduced secreted PCSK9 and increased cell-surface LDLR expression. On the other hand, NRDC overexpression in cultured hepatocytes significantly increased secreted PCSK9 and lowered cell-surface LDLR expression. Thus, NRDC in murine hepatocytes appears to play key roles in cholesterol homeostasis, although the precise molecular mechanisms remain to be determined.
Efficacy and epigenetic interactions of novel DNA hypomethylating agent guadecitabine (SGI-110) in preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma (2016)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly malignancy characterized at the epigenetic level by global DNA hypomethylation and focal hypermethylation on the promoter of tumor suppressor genes. In most cases it develops on a background of liver steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Guadecitabine (SGI-110) is a second-generation hypomethylating agent, which inhibits DNA methyltransferases. Guadecitabine is formulated as a dinucleotide of decitabine and deoxyguanosine that is resistant to cytidine deaminase (CDA) degradation and results in prolonged in vivo exposure to decitabine following small volume subcutaneous administration of guadecitabine. Here we found that guadecitabine is an effective demethylating agent and is able to prevent HCC progression in pre-clinical models. In a xenograft HCC HepG2 model, guadecitabine impeded tumor growth and inhibited angiogenesis, while it could not prevent liver fibrosis and inflammation in a mouse model of steatohepatitis. Demethylating efficacy of guadecitabine on LINE-1 elements was found to be the highest 8 d post-infusion in blood samples of mice. Analysis of a panel of human HCC vs. normal tissue revealed a signature of hypermethylated tumor suppressor genes (CDKN1A, CDKN2A, DLEC1, E2F1, GSTP1, OPCML, E2F1, RASSF1, RUNX3, and SOCS1) as detected by methylation-specific PCR. A pronounced demethylating effect of guadecitabine was obtained also in the promoters of a subset of tumor suppressors genes (CDKN2A, DLEC1, and RUNX3) in HepG2 and Huh-7 HCC cells. Finally, we analyzed the role of macroH2A1, a variant of histone H2A, an oncogene upregulated in human cirrhosis/HCC that synergizes with DNA methylation in suppressing tumor suppressor genes, and it prevents the inhibition of cell growth triggered by decitabine in HCC cells. Guadecitabine, in contrast to decitabine, blocked growth in HCC cells overexpressing macroH2A1 histones and with high CDA levels, despite being unable to fully demethylate CDKN2A, RUNX3, and DLEC1 promoters altered by macroH2A1. Collectively, our findings in human and mice models reveal novel epigenetic anti-HCC effects of guadecitabine, which might be effective specifically in advanced states of the disease.
Graph Partitioning Change Detection Using Tree-Based Clustering (2013)

We are concerned with the issue of detecting changes of graph partitioning structures from a graph sequence. We call this issue GPCD(graph partitioning change detection). The graph partitioning structures may represent network communities. Hence GPCD is important in that it leads to discovery of important events which cause changes of network communities. We introduce a new algorithm for GPCD, denoted as TREE. The key ideas are: 1) we employ probabilistic trees to represent probabilistic models of graph partitioning structures. 2) We then reduce GPCD into the issue of detecting changes of trees on the basis of the minimum description length (MDL) principle. 3) By taking the cost of changes into consideration, we realize significantly less false alarm rates for change detection than the baseline method called Graph Scope. We empirically demonstrate that TREE is able to detect changes more accurately than Graph Scope.
To Collect or Not to Collect? Machine Learning for Memory Management (2002)

Permission is granted for noncommercial reproduction of the work for educational or research purposes.
Classification of multi-modal data in a self-paced binary BCI in freely moving animals (2011)

The goal of the present article is to compare different classifiers using multi-modal data analysis in a binary self-paced BCI. Individual classifiers were applied to multi-modal neuronal data which was projected to a low dimensional space of latent variables using the Iterative N-way Partial Least Squares algorithm. To create a multi-way feature array, electrocorticograms (ECoG) recorded from animal brains were mapped to the spatial-temporal-frequency space using continuous wavelet transformation. To compare the classifiers BCI experiments were simulated. For this purpose we used 9 recordings from behavioral experiments previously recorded in rats free to move in a nature like environment.
A Rare Form of Retinal Dystrophy Caused by Hypomorphic Nonsense Mutations in CEP290 (2017)

Compound heterozygous hypomorphic mutations in <i>CEP290</i> may lead to a rare form of cone-dominated retinal dystrophy, a novel phenotype belonging to the <i>CEP290</i>-associated spectrum of ciliopathies. These findings provide insight into the effect of <i>CEP290</i> mutations on the clinical phenotype.
Reduction of crystal size of silicalite-1 synthesized in fluoride-containing media via multi-stage heating with intermediate stirring (2021)

When zeolites are synthesized in fluoride-containing media, large crystals tend to be obtained. In this research, we present a multi-stage synthesis strategy for size reduction of silicalite-1 synthesized in fluoride-containing media. Increase of the number of effective nuclei was crucial for the size reduction since, in dense hydrogel systems, only a limited number of nuclei can grow due to the hindrances in solid–liquid contacts. Small crystals are obtained by enhancing such contacts which aids in effective growth of nuclei. An intermediate low-temperature treatment coupled with stirring enhances the contact between the solid and liquid phases. Subsequent high-temperature heating completes the crystallization. The obtained silicalite-1 exhibits characteristics such as large micropore volumes and low number of defects comparable to the samples obtained from a single-stage synthesis.