gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-1β secretion induced by mucosa-associated gut commensal bacteria promotes intestinal barrier repair (2022)

The gut microbiota is essential for maintenance and repair of the intestinal epithelial barrier. As shifts in both intestinal epithelial barrier function and microbiota composition are found in inflammatory bowel disease patients, it is critical to understand the role of distinct bacteria in regulating barrier repair. We identified a mouse commensal <i>E. coli</i> isolate, GDAR2-2, that protects mice from <i>Citrobacter rodentium</i> infection and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Colonization with GDAR2-2 in mice resulted in expansion of CX<sub>3</sub>CR1<sup>+</sup> mononuclear phagocytes, including CX<sub>3</sub>CR1<sup>+</sup> macrophages/dendritic cells and monocytes, along with IL-22-secreting type 3 innate lymphoid cells and improved epithelial barrier function. In vitro co-culture of macrophages with GDAR2-2 resulted in IL-1β production. In vivo, protection after GDAR2-2 colonization was lost after depletion of CX<sub>3</sub>CR1<sup>+</sup> MNPs, or blockade of IL-1β or IL-22. We further identified human commensal <i>E. coli</i> isolates that similarly protect mice from <i>C. rodentium</i> infection through CX<sub>3</sub>CR1<sup>+</sup> MNP and IL-1β production. Together, these findings demonstrate an unexpected role for commensal bacteria in promoting IL-1β secretion to support intestinal barrier repair.
Derivados 1,4-di-N-óxido Quinoxalinas: O Interesse no Tratamento da Doença de Chagas (2013)

Mais de 100 milhoes de pessoas estao em risco de contrair a doenca de Chagas. Estima-se que em 2008, mais de 10.000 pessoas morreram devido a esta patologia. Apesar de a doenca ter sido descoberta ha mais de 100 anos, ainda e preciso encontrar tratamento seguro e eficaz. Portanto, novos farmacos eficazes contra a doenca de Chagas necessitam urgentemente serem descobertos. Derivados de quinoxalina apresentam interessantes propriedades biologicas (anti-infecciosa, citotoxica, anti-candida, anti-protozoario) e a avaliacao de suas propriedades farmacologicas ainda esta em andamento. Com respeito a isso, nos estamos ha mais de uma decada em busca de agentes anti-chagasicos. Nesta revisao mostramos nosso trabalho em andamento para identificacao de novos agentes anti- T. cruzi com o padrao estrutural quinoxalina-di- N -oxido e apresentamos a relacao estrutura-atividade observada entre as diferentes substituicoes nas posicoes C-2, C-3, C-6 e C-7 do anel da quinoxalina. DOI: 10.5935/1984-6835.20130080
A Modification of Fletcher's Checksum (1983)

We modify J. G. Fletcher's checksum algorithm (easily implemented by software) to place two check octets in an arbitrary place in a data unit, rather than at the end. This is useful if one wants the checksum information in the header of a data unit.
Power Electronics in Renewable Energy Systems (2006)

The global electrical energy consumption is still rising and there is a steady demand to increase the power capacity. It is expected that it has to be doubled within 20 years. The production, distribution and use of the energy should be as technological efficient as possible and incentives to save energy at the end-user should also be set up. Deregulation of energy has lowered the investment in larger power plants, which means the need for new electrical power sources may be very high in the near future. Two major technologies will play important roles to solve the future problems. One is to change the electrical power production sources from the conventional, fossil (and short term) based energy sources to renewable energy resources. An other is to use high efficient power electronics in power generation, power transmission/distribution and end-user application. This paper discuss some of the most emerging renewable energy sources, wind energy and photovoltaic, which by means of power electronics are changing from being minor energy sources to be acting as important power sources in the energy system.
Ohmic Contact Formation for N-Type Diamond by Selective Doping (2003)

Ohmic contacts with low contact resistivity were formed on phosphorus-doped n-type {111} diamond thin films grown by microwave-plasma chemical-vapor deposition. Heavily-doped diamond layers were selectively grown on a diamond substrate by covering a part of substrate surface with a titanium/gold layer. Gold contacts deposited directory on a lightly phosphorus-doped diamond showed a rectification characteristic, while those formed on the selectively grown, heavily doped diamond layers showed an Ohmic characteristic. The Ohmic property of contacts formed with the heavily doped layers was found to be independent of the metals. It is therefore concluded that the tunneling current dominates carrier transport at the interface between the metal and the heavily doped n-type diamond.
Therapeutic applications of light: PDT - the killer; LLLT - the healer (2011)

Visible and near-infrared light can treat all human diseases. Light plus non-toxic dyes called photodynamic therapy (PDT) can kill cancer cells, pathogens and destroy unwanted tissue. In contrast light alone can reduce inflammation, stimulate healing and tissue repair.
Structure-Based Modification of a Clostridium difficile-Targeting Endolysin Affects Activity and Host Range (2011)

Endolysin CD27L causes cell lysis of the pathogen Clostridium difficile, a major cause of nosocomial infection. We report a structural and functional analysis of the catalytic activity of CD27L against C. difficile and other bacterial strains. We show that truncation of the endolysin to the N-terminal domain, CD27L1-179, gave an increased lytic activity against cells of C. difficile, while the C-terminal region, CD27L180-270, failed to produce lysis. CD27L1-179 also has increased activity against other bacterial species that are targeted by the full-length protein and in addition was able to lyse some CD27L-insensitive strains. However, CD27L1-179 retained a measure of specificity, failing to lyse a wide range of bacteria. The use of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled proteins demonstrated that both CD27L and CD27L1-179 bound to C. difficile cell walls. The crystal structure of CD27L1-179 confirms that the enzyme is a zinc-dependent N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase. A structure-based sequence analysis allowed us to identify four catalytic residues, a proton relay cascade, and a substrate binding pocket. A BLAST search shows that the closest-related amidases almost exclusively target Clostridia. This implied that the catalytic domain alone contained features that target a specific bacterial species. To test this hypothesis, we modified Leu 98 to a Trp residue which is found in an endolysin from a bacteriophage of Listeria monocytogenes (PlyPSA). This mutation in CD27L resulted in an increased activity against selected serotypes of L. monocytogenes, demonstrating the potential to tune the species specificity of the catalytic domain of an endolysin.
Molecular Modeling and Deletion Mutagenesis Implicate the Nuclear Translocation Sequence in Structural Integrity of Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 (1996)

The sequence NYKKPKL in the NH2 terminus of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1 has been proposed to affect the long term activities of FGF-1 through its function as a nuclear translocation signal or its role in stabilization of the structure required to sustain binding and activation of the transmembrane receptor kinase. A dynamic molecular model of FGF-1 docked into a duplex of the FGF receptor ectodomain and a hexadecameric heparin chain suggests that the NYKKPKL sequence does not directly interact with heparin or the receptor, but rather the lysine-leucine residues within the sequence indirectly stabilize a major receptor-binding domain. Concurrent with a marked increase in dependence on exogenous heparin for optimal activity, sequential deletion of residues in the NYKKPKL sequence in FGF-1 resulted in a progressive loss of thermal stability, resistance to protease, mitogenic activity, and affinity for the transmembrane receptor. The largest change resulted from deletion of the entire sequence through the lysine-leucine residues. In the presence of sufficiently high concentrations of heparin, the deletion mutants exhibited mitogenic activity equal to wild-type FGF-1. The results confirm that a primary role of the NYKKPKL sequence domain is to maintain the structural integrity of FGF-1 required for optimal binding to and activation of the heparan sulfate-transmembrane receptor complex.
CYP4A/20-HETE regulates ischemia-induced neovascularization via its actions on endothelial progenitor and preexisting endothelial cells (2019)

20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) was recently identified as a novel contributor of ischemia-induced neovascularization based on the key observation that pharmacological interferences of CYP4A/20-HETE decrease ischemic neovascularization. The objective of the present study is to examine whether the underlying cellular mechanisms involve endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and preexisting endothelial cells (ECs). We found that ischemia leads to a time-dependent increase of cyp4a12 expression and 20-HETE production, which are endothelial in origin, using immunofluorescent microscopy, Western blot analysis, and LC-MS/MS. This is accompanied by increases in the tissue stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) expressions as well as SDF-1α plasma levels, EPC mobilization from bone marrow, and subsequent homing to ischemic tissues. Pharmacological interferences of CYP4A/20-HETE with a 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor, dibromo-dodecenyl-methylsulfimide (DDMS), or a 20-HETE antagonist, <i>N</i>-(20-hydroxyeicosa-6(<i>Z</i>), 15(<i>Z</i>)-dienoyl) glycine (6, 15-20-HEDGE), significantly attenuated these increases. Importantly, we also determined that 20-HETE plays a novel role in maintaining EPC functions and increasing the expression of <i>Oct4</i>, <i>Sox2</i>, and <i>Nanog</i>, which are indicative of increased progenitor cell stemness. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that pharmacological interferences of CYP4A/20-HETE decrease the EPC population in culture, whereas 20-HETE increases the cultured EPC population. Furthermore, ischemia also markedly increased the proliferation, oxidative stress, and ICAM-1 expression in the preexisting EC in the hindlimb gracilis muscles. We found that these increases were markedly negated by DDMS and 6, 15-20-HEDGE. Taken together, CYP4A/20-HETE regulates ischemia-induced compensatory neovascularization via its combined actions on promoting EPC and local preexisting EC responses that are associated with increased neovascularization. <b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> CYP4A/20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) was recently discovered as a novel contributor of ischemia-induced neovascularization. However, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are completely unknown. Here, we show that CYP4A/20-HETE regulates the ischemic neovascularization process via its combined actions on both endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and preexisting endothelial cells. Moreover, this is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, that associates CYP4A/20-HETE with EPC differentiation and stemness.
Medicina funcional y medicina psicosomática (1949)

Conforme a la etimología, la medicina psicosomática trata delas relaciones del espíritu con el cuerpo y viceversa; pero el estudio de la medicina funcional encierra un término más comprensivo, y así en esta conferencia, ensayaremos probar y demostrar que la psicología y la fisiología y también, algunas veces, la patología de origen interno, constituyen una expresión única de un mismo proceso del dinamismo vital.
50.1: Low‐power LCD using a Novel Optical System (2002)

Abstract We have prototyped a novel color LCD requiring no color filters and with a threefold improvement in backlight efficiency. The system uses an LC cell with microlenses and a thin collimated backlight outputting three different RGB beams.
Essential and Partially Overlapping Role of CD3γ and CD3δ for Development of αβ and γδ T Lymphocytes (1998)

CD3gamma and CD3delta are two highly related components of the T cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex which is essential for the assembly and signal transduction of the T cell receptor on mature T cells. In gene knockout mice deficient in either CD3delta or CD3gamma, early thymic development mediated by pre-TCR was either undisturbed or severely blocked, respectively, and small numbers of TCR-alphabeta+ T cells were detected in the periphery of both mice. gammadelta T cell development was either normal in CD3delta-/- mice or partially blocked in CD3gamma-/- mice. To examine the collective role of CD3gamma and CD3delta in the assembly and function of pre-TCR and in the development of gammadelta T cells, we generated a mouse strain with a disruption in both CD3gamma and CD3delta genes (CD3gammadelta-/-). In contrast to mice deficient in either CD3gamma or CD3delta chains, early thymic development mediated by pre-TCR is completely blocked, and TCR-alphabeta+ or TCR-gammadelta+ T cells were absent in the CD3gammadelta-/- mice. Taken together, these studies demonstrated that CD3gamma and CD3delta play an essential, yet partially overlapping, role in the development of both alphabeta and gammadelta T cell lineages.
ABNORMAL ANDROGEN AND OESTROGEN METABOLISM IN MEN WITH STEROID SULPHATASE DEFICIENCY AND RECESSIVE X‐LINKED ICHTHYOSIS (1985)

Serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, oestradiol, oestrone, oestrone sulphate, FSH, and LH were measured in 20 steroid sulphatase-deficient men with recessive X-linked ichthyosis and in normal men. The serum oestrone sulphate level was significantly higher than normal in the patients (P less than 0.0001). In affected men, there was a tendency towards higher dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels and no decline with age was seen in the patients as opposed to normal men (interaction: P less than 0.025). Serum androstenedione, and oestradiol levels were lower than normal in the patients (P less than 0.0005 and P = 0.055, respectively), while their LH level was higher than normal (P less than 0.0005). The serum levels of SHBG, total and free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, oestrone, and FSH were not significantly different from normal in the icthyotic patients. We suggest that the observed abnormalities in these patients are a consequence of the enzyme deficiency which severely impairs the ability of tissues to hydrolyse steroid sulphates.
Real-Time Diagnosis of the Exhaust Recirculation in Diesel Engines Using Least-Squares Parameter Estimation (2009)

In this paper, we present a real-time parameter identification approach for diagnosing faults in the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system of Diesel engines. The proposed diagnostics method has the ability to detect and estimate the magnitude of a leak or a restriction in the EGR valve, which are common faults in the air handling system of a Diesel engine. Real-time diagnostics is achieved using a recursive-least-squares (RLS) method, as well as, a recursive formulation of a more robust version of the RLS method referred to as recursive total-least-squares method. The method is used to identify the coefficients in a static orifice flow model of the EGR valve. The proposed approach of fault detection is successfully applied to diagnose low-flow or high-flow faults in an engine and is validated using experimental data obtained from a Diesel engine test cell and a truck.
Modeling and experimental characterization of saturation effect of an induction machine (2000)

This paper presents a new experimental measurement method of the electrical parameters, shown from the stator, of a squirrel cage induction machine in accordance with its magnetic saturation level. It develops a new two-phase saturated model of the induction machine which uses these measured electrical parameters. This new measurement method has a very big advantage in the industrial domain. It avoids the use of a finite elements calculation program which takes much more time to calculate the electrical parameters. The experimental measurement method is applied on a 4 KW squirrel cage induction machine. A comparison between the real dynamic response of this machine, and the dynamic response of the new two-phase saturated model shows that the obtained results are very encouraging.
Label-Free Detection of Bacteria by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy:  Comparison to Surface Plasmon Resonance (2007)

The low but known risk of bacterial contamination has emerged as the greatest residual threat of transfusion-transmitted diseases. Label-free detection of a bacterial model, Escherichia coli, is performed using nonfaradic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Biotinylated polyclonal anti-E. coli is linked to a mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a gold electrode through a strong biotin-neutravidin interaction. The binding of one antibody molecule for 3.6 neutravidin molecules is determined using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The detection limit of E. coli found by SPR is 10(7) cfu/mL. After modeling the impedance Nyquist plot of E. coli/anti-E. coli/mixed SAM/gold electrode for increasing concentrations of E. coli (whole bacteria or lysed bacteria), the main parameter that is modified is the polarization resistance RP. A sigmoid variation of RP is observed when the log concentration of bacteria (whole or lysed) increases. A concentration of 10 cfu/mL whole bacteria is detected by EIS measurements while 103 cfu/mL is detected for lysed E. coli.
Plasminogen activator production by human tumor cells: Effect on tumor cell‐extracellular matrix interactions (1987)

Cell lines derived from 3 different types of human tumor (e.g., squamous carcinomas, melanomas and gliomas) were examined for production of plasminogen activator activity and for attachment and spreading on various extracellular matrix components in the presence or absence of plasminogen. All of the squamous carcinoma and melanoma lines produced high levels of plasminogen activator activity. In contrast, 4 of 6 glioma lines had undetectable activity. Cells from all 3 tumor types attached and spread on fibrinogen-coated or fibrin-coated plastic dishes in the absence of plasminogen. In the presence of exogenous plasminogen, the attachment and spreading of the cells which produced high levels of plasminogen activator activity was inhibited. The plasminogen activator-deficient cells were much less sensitive to exogenous plasminogen. In the presence of plasminogen, attachment and spreading on fibronectin-coated dishes was also partially inhibited. In contrast, plasminogen had no effect on the attachment and spreading of the cells on type-I or -IV collagen, laminin or thrombospondin. Previous studies have shown that tumor-cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix depends on the synthesis of receptors for extracellular matrix components or on the synthesis of extracellular matrix components themselves. The present study shows that, in addition, the production of enzymes which are capable of degrading these components also influences tumor-cell adhesion to extracellular matrix moieties.
Identification of the Region in Yeast S-II That Defines Species Specificity in Its Interaction with RNA Polymerase II (1997)

Yeast S-II was found to stimulate yeast RNA polymerase II only and not mouse RNA polymerase II. To identify the molecular region of S-II that defines species specificity, we constructed six hybrid S-II molecules consisting of three regions from yeast and/or Ehrlich cell S-II and examined their activity in terms of RNA polymerase II specificity and suppression of 6-azauracil sensitivity in the yeast S-II null mutant. We found that the region 132-270 (amino acid positions) of yeast S-II is indispensable for specific interaction with yeast RNA polymerase II in vitro and for suppression of 6-azauracil sensitivity in vivo. The corresponding region of Ehrlich cell S-II, the region 132-262, was also shown to be essential for its interaction with mouse RNA polymerase II. This region is known to be less conserved than the N- and C-terminal regions in the S-II family suggesting that it is important in the interaction with transcription machinery proteins in a tissue and/or species-specific manner.
Digital Tuft Flow Visualisation of Wind Turbine Blade Stall (2014)

Wind turbines installed in the open atmosphere experience much more complex and highly-varying flow than their counterparts in wind tunnels or numerical simulations. In particular, aerodynamic stall—which occurs often on stall-regulated wind turbines in such variable flow conditions—can affect both wind turbine blade lifespan and noise generation. A field test site was therefore installed at the outer limits of the city of Waterloo, Ontario to study a small-scale 30 kW stall-regulated wind turbine.&#13;\n&#13;\nExperimental equipment was installed to monitor parameters such as wind speed and direction, electrical power output, blade pitch angle, rotor rotational speed, and wind turbine yaw orientation. Extensive hardware and software was developed and installed to wirelessly collect data from all instrumentation. Tufts and a remote-operated camera were also installed on one of the two blades of the 10 m diameter horizontal-axis turbine.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn a variation on the tuft ﬂow visualisation technique, video ﬁles were analysed using a novel digital image processing code. The code was developed in MATLAB to calculate the fraction of the blade which was stalled by determining the position and angle of each tuft in every video frame. The algorithm was able to locate on average 85% of the visible tufts and correctly tagged those which were stalled with a bias of only −5% compared to the typical manual method. When the algorithm was applied to 7 h of tuft video at the outboard 40% of the blade, the total average fraction of stalled tufts varied from 5% at 5 m/s to 40% at 21 m/s. This trend was expected for the stall-regulated design since, as the wind speed is increased, the stall progresses from inboard to outboard regions and from trailing edge to leading edge.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe 7 h time period represents at least a two order-of-magnitude increase compared with time periods analysed using previous manual methods. This work has demonstrated a digital implementation of tuft ﬂow visualisation which lends statistical validity (through long-time-period averaging) to a common tool for researching wind turbine stall. The speed and ease with which the tuft method can be implemented, combined with the high cost per energy of small-scale wind turbines, suggest that this digital algorithm is a highly beneficial tool for future studies.
Framework for understanding balance dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (2013)

People with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from progressive impairment in their mobility. Locomotor and balance dysfunction that impairs mobility in PD is an important cause of physical and psychosocial disability. The recognition and evaluation of balance dysfunction by the clinician are an essential component of managing PD. In this review, we describe a framework for understanding balance dysfunction in PD to help clinicians recognize patients who are at risk for falling and impaired mobility.
VELA Network Evaluation and Automatic Processing Research (1977)

Abstract : This quarterly report summarizes progress under the VELA Network and Automatic Processing Research program in the following areas: Evaluation of the Iranian Long Period Array (ILPA) and the Seismic Research Observatories (SRO) data; Development of detection methods; Methods of extracting long-period event waveforms; Interactive seismic; signal processing; Determining path corrections, and extracting source parameters from long-period data.