gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvent tailoring in coal liquefaction. Quarterly report, October 1983-December 1983 (1983)

The contribution of transferable hydrogen in coal-derived solvents to coal conversion was investigated in a two-step process. Initially, the amount of transferable hydrogen in the coal-derived solvents was analyzed by spectroscopic methods and by catalytic dehydrogenation. The spectroscopic methods included carbon magnetic resonance, proton magnetic resonance as well as a combination of these two methods. Three of the methods gave nearly equivalent quantities for the amount of transferable hydrogen present in the complex coal liquids. Coal conversion determined in each of the coal-derived solvents was correlated to the amount of transferable hydrogen present. The contribution of transferable hydrogen is a significant factor in coal dissolution and the presence of saturates and hexane insolubles compounds in these solvents may have a detrimental effect on coal dissolution. 20 references, 9 figures, 2 tables.
Opportunistic beamforming with precoding for spatially correlated channels (2009)

Random beamforming (RBF) exploits multiuser diversity to increase the sum-rate capacity of MIMO broadcast channels. However, in the presence of spatial correlation between the downlink channels, multiuser diversity can not be exploited and the sum-rate suffers a signal to noise (SNR) hit. In this paper, we explore precoding techniques that minimize this hit. Basically, we derive an optimum and an approximate precoding matrix that minimizes the sum-rate hit of RBF. As a by product, we introduce a technique that evaluates the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of weighted norms of Gaussian random variables.
Polio Endgame: Lessons Learned From the Immunization Systems Management Group (2016)

The Immunization Systems Management Group (IMG) was established to coordinate and oversee objective 2 of the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018, namely, (1) introduction of ≥1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in all 126 countries using oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) only as of 2012, (2) full withdrawal of OPV, starting with the withdrawal of its type 2 component, and (3) using polio assets to strengthen immunization systems in 10 priority countries. The IMG's inclusive, transparent, and partnership-focused approach proved an effective means of leveraging the comparative and complementary strengths of each IMG member agency. This article outlines 10 key factors behind the IMG's success, providing a potential set of guiding principles for the establishment and implementation of other interagency collaborations and initiatives beyond the polio sphere.
Metallic Soaps (2010)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Production 2.1. Raw Materials 2.2. Industrial Processes 2.2.1. Double Decomposition 2.2.2. Direct Reaction with Metal Compounds 2.2.3. Direct Reaction with Metals 2.3. Plant Equipment 2.4. Storage 3. Fire and Explosion Protection 4. Occupational Health and Environmental Protection 5. Individual Metallic Soaps 5.1. Sodium Soaps 5.2. Potassium Soaps 5.3. Lithium Soaps 5.4. Magnesium Soaps 5.5. Calcium Soaps 5.6. Barium Soaps 5.7. Aluminum Soaps 5.8. Lead Soaps 5.9. Copper Soaps 5.10. Zinc Soaps 5.11. Cadmium Soaps 5.12. Manganese Soaps 5.13. Iron Soaps 5.14. Cobalt Soaps 5.15. Nickel Soaps 6. Quality Specifications
Programmable Current Regulator for High-Voltage Operation (1970)

A current regulator for the operation of gas discharges is described, capable of delivering peak currents up to 1 ampere and average currents of up to 0.5 ampere with voltage excursions to 9 kV. Completely floating two-terminal operation accomodates different load configurations. By means of externally supplied timing pulses the output current can be programmed to generate rectangular or trapezoidal current waveforms. For rectangular output pulses, switching speeds of 5 μs into low-impedance loads and slewing rates of 500 V/μs for high-impedance loads can be obtained. The output resistance is in excess of 107 ohms, shunted by 50-250 pF, depending on regulator configuration.
Polynuclear metal complex polymer. 6. Synthesis of a ferrocene-bounded polyvinylamine - copper (II) hybrid metal complex. (1986)

ポリビニルアミン (以下PVAmと略す) に, 種々の異なった含有率のフェロセン (Fc) を担持させたFc-PVAmを合成した. フェロセン7.6mol%を担持させたFc-PVAm系は, アセトンと水の混合溶液 (1: 1) に可溶である. 我々は, Cu (II) イオンと, このFc-PVAm系の錯生成を, PH滴定, 電子スペクトルなどにより検討した. その結果, Fc-PVAm系で, フリーのアミノ基が, 5残基以上存在する場合は, [Cu (N) 4] 構造と, フェロセンが共存した新しい高分子混合金属錯体が生成することがわかった.
Spinal Cord Stimulation Evoked Potentials during Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery (1992)

Although monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials elicited from stimulation of lower extremity peripheral nerves has been suggested as a method for assessing neural function during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery, this technique has been reported to yield a large number of false positives. It was believed that direct stimulation of the spinal cord would eliminate some of the problems associated with peripheral evoked potentials. The present study compared in 18 patients the use of scalp recorded evoked potential following stimulation of either the posterior tibial nerve via percutaneous needles or the spinal cord via an epidural electrode previously placed fluoroscopically. In 10 patients in whom distal bypass or shunt was not used, peripheral evoked potentials totally disappeared within 5-30 min of aortic clamping. Spinal cord stimulation evoked potentials disappeared permanently in 2 patients shortly after aortic cross-clamping; 1 died shortly after the procedure, and the other awoke densely paraplegic and died the next day. When distal perfusion was maintained by shunt or bypass, the disappearance of both peripheral and spinal evoked potentials accurately predicted the neurologic outcome of 1 paralyzed patient. Loss of spinal cord stimulation evoked potentials was found to be correlated with adverse neurologic outcome. Over the period of aortic clamping a gradual decrease in mean amplitude (50% at 45 min [P less than 0.05]) and a 20% increase in mean latency time were observed. Maintenance of adequate distal perfusion may permit the use of peripheral evoked potentials in the assessment of spinal cord ischemia during aortic cross-clamping.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
New Technologies and Directed Agents for Applications of Cancer Imaging (2006)

Molecular imaging represents tissue-specific imaging and quantification of physiologic (functional) and molecular events in tumors utilizing new noninvasive imaging modalities, radioligands, and contrast agents. It combines anatomic, physiologic, and metabolic information in a single imaging session. Molecular imaging relies on the ability to target genes and proteins that are linked directly or indirectly to human disease. New imaging biomarkers are being developed. In addition, functional and molecular imaging can potentially replace anatomic longitudinal studies by assessing treatment response earlier. Vascular targeting agents can be evaluated by imaging of tumor angiogenesis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography and ultrasound, and positron emission tomography (PET). Targeted contrast agents can accomplish site-directed imaging or therapy by a variety of active and passive mechanisms. Furthermore, there is the possibility of combining different modalities such as ultrasonic imaging and MRI or MRI and PET to increase the flexibility unachievable with either modality alone. However, there is a need to standardize these techniques so that longitudinal evaluation of tumor response to treatment is feasible.
Failure of Doxycycline as a Causal Prophylactic Agent against Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Healthy Nonimmune Volunteers (1994)

A dosing regimen of doxycycline, 100 mg once daily, administered as a causal prophylactic agent against P. falciparum malaria in healthy, nonimmune volunteers, had an unacceptably high failure rate. Therefore, the CDC recommendation that doxycycline should be taken daily starting 1 to 2 days before travel, during travel, and for 4 weeks after travel should still be followed.
P-wave Measurements and Electrical Reconnection of the Posterior Left Atrium after Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation (2010)

Background: Recurrent atrial arrhythmias (RAAs) following posterior left atrial isolation (PLAI) for atrial fibrillation are common and are associated with reconnection of the PLA and pulmonary veins. We aimed to show that P-wave duration (PWD) and P-wave area under the curve (PWAUC) changes in patients undergoing PLAI can be measured using signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG), and that reversal of these changes in patients with RAAs can be used to noninvasively detect reconnection. Methods: SAECG recordings before and after PLAI in 52 patients were analyzed for changes in PWD and PWAUC and also in 26 of these patients who had a repeat procedure for RAA. Results: PWD and PWAUC reduced significantly in most leads following PLAI (mean 104 ± 11 ms to 93 ± 15 ms [P < 0.001] and 3.53 ± 1.23 microvolt seconds (μVs) to 2.87 ± 1.23 μVs [P = 0.001], respectively). Reconnection was observed in 20 of 26 patients at the repeat procedure. Compared to after the first procedure, reconnected patients had increased PWD and PWAUC (e.g., the increase in V4 was 14.1 ± 20.9 ms [P = 0.01] and 0.98 ± 1.17 μVs [P = 003], respectively) at the repeat procedure, while nonreconnected patients had decreased PWD and PWAUC (in V4, it was decreased by 11.5 ± 7.0 ms [P = 0.05] and 0.97 ± 0.33 μVs [P = 0.001]). A change in lead V4 PWAUC > −0.29 μVs for detecting reconnection had a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 100% (receiver operator characteristic area under the curve 0.97, P = 0.005). Conclusions: PLAI reduces PWD and PWAUC while reconnection increases them both. SAECG may be able to detect reconnection of the PLA noninvasively. (PACE 2010; 1324–1334)
Beam Solar Irradiation Assessment for Sonora, Mexico (2014)

Located in north western Mexico, the State of Sonora has an excellent quality solar resource, with the highest solar irradiation levels in the country. In less than 1% of its vast arid territory, it receives enough solar power to satisfy the energy demand of the entire country. In spite of its huge solar potential, there has been little work on the measurement of solar radiation in this area. At a few locations, global solar radiation has been measured for some years. Also there have been some works reporting evaluation of solar irradiation based on empirical models or satellite images. Because of the very small amount of precipitation on most of its territory, Sonora is ideal for the implementation of concentrated solar power (CSP). Beam solar radiation data is necessary for the sizing and assessment of CSP plants. Unfortunately, very little information is available on this solar radiation component for Sonora. The present work reports on the results of recent measurements of beam and solar global radiation for the area of the city of Hermosillo, in the center of the state. The obtained results are compared with other available information obtained by indirect methods, such as satellite based or empirical climate data based models. The yearly available energy as well as the utilizable energy for certain irradiance levels is evaluated.
Bromo-di(silyl)methanes - Precursors to Disilylcarbanionic Ligands (1995)

Abstract The reaction of the series of methyl/phenylchlorosilanes Me 2 PhSiCl, MePh 2 SiCl and Ph 3 SiCl with CHBr 3 /n-BuLi to give the corresponding bromo-di(silyl)methanes has been investigated. The selectivity of the reaction proved to be strongly influenced by the number of phenyl groups bound to silicon. As already established for Me 3 SiCl, Si-C coupling readily occurs with Me 2 PhSiCl to give (Me 2 PhSi) 2 CHBr (1) in good yields, whereas MePh 2 SiCl affords (MePh 2 Si) 2 CHBr (2) in lower yields. The molecular structures of 2 and the by-product (MePh 2 Si) 2 CBr 2 have been determ ined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the case of the fully arylated species, Ph 3 SiCl, only the monosilylated compound (Ph-Si)CH 2 Br (3) is generated. (HMe 2 Si) 2 CHBr (5) can be obtained starting from 1 by treatment with triflic acid to give (CF 3 SO 3 Me 2 Si) 2 CHBr (4), followed by reduction of 4 with LiAlH 4 in diethyl ether. In situ metalation of 5 with n-BuLi affords (HMe 2 ) 2 CHLi, which reacts instantaneously with a second equivalent of 5 to give the halogen-free dimer [(HMe 2 Si) 2 CH]SiMe 2 CH 2 SiMe 2 H (6).
Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on ICTs for improving Patients Rehabilitation Research Techniques (2019)

Children with learning disorders may have problems developing skills related to receiving, processing, analyzing or storing information, which causes difficulties in understanding concepts such as reading, writing, or solving mathematical problems. The ...
Aminosilane as a Molecular Linker between the Electron-Transport Layer and Active Layer for Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cells (2017)

Interfacial modification is crucial for improving the photovoltaic performance. In this work, we present an aminosilane as a molecular linker between the ZnO electron-transport layer and fullerene derivative phenyl-C<sub>71</sub>-butyric acid methyl ester (PC<sub>71</sub>BM)-based active layer for efficient inverted polymer solar cells. An enhancement in the power-conversion efficiency (PCE), from 8.47 to 9.46%, was achieved on using PTB7-Th as donors. The aminosilane molecular linker provides dual functionalities for enhanced PCE, including (1) passivating the ZnO surface and decreasing the surface work function of ZnO for energy-level alignment and (2) bonding onto the fullerene derivative PC<sub>71</sub>BM-based active layer to reduce the interface contact resistance.
Extracting Uranium from Seawater: Promising AI Series Adsorbents (2015)

A series of adsorbent (AI10 through AI17) were successfully developed at ORNL by radiation induced graft polymerization (RIGP) of acrylonitrile (AN) and vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) (at different mole/mole ratios) onto high surface area polyethylene fiber, with higher degree of grafting which ranges from 110 300%. The grafted nitrile groups were converted to amidoxime groups by reaction with 10 wt% hydroxylamine at 80 C for 72 hours. The amidoximated adsorbents were then conditioned with 0.44M KOH at 80 C followed by screening at ORNL with simulated seawater spiked with 8 ppm uranium. Uranium adsorption capacity in simulated seawater screening ranged from 171-187 g-U/kg-ads irrespective of %DOG. The performance of the adsorbents for uranium adsorption in natural seawater was also carried out using flow-through-column at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The three hours KOH conditioning was better for higher uranium uptake than one hour. The adsorbent AI11 containing AN and VPA at the mole ration of 3.52, emerged as the potential candidate for higher uranium adsorption (3.35 g-U/Kg-ads.) after 56 days of exposure in the seawater in the flow-through-column. The rate vanadium adsorption over uranium was linearly increased throughout the 56 days exposure. The total vanadium uptake was ~5 times over uranium after 56 days.
Virion-Targeted Viral Inactivation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Using Vpr Fusion Proteins (1998)

Inactivation of progeny virions with chimeric virion-associated proteins represents a novel therapeutic approach against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. The HIV type 1 (HIV-1) Vpr gene product, which is packaged into virions, is an attractive candidate for such a strategy. In this study, we developed Vpr-based fusion proteins that could be specifically targeted into mature HIV-1 virions to affect their structural organization and/or functional integrity. Two Vpr fusion proteins were constructed by fusing to the first 88 amino acids of HIV-1 Vpr the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase enzyme (VprCAT) or the last 18 C-terminal amino acids of the HIV-1 Vpu protein (VprIE). These Vpr fusion proteins were initially designed to quantify their efficiency of incorporation into HIV-1 virions when produced in cis from the provirus. Subsequently, CD4+ Jurkat T-cell lines constitutively expressing the VprCAT or the VprIE fusion protein were generated with retroviral vectors. Expression of the VprCAT or the VprIE fusion protein in CD4+ Jurkat T cells did not interfere with cellular viability or growth but conferred substantial resistance to HIV replication. The resistance to HIV replication was more pronounced in Jurkat-VprIE cells than in Jurkat-VprCAT cells. Moreover, the antiviral effect mediated by VprIE was dependent on an intact p6(gag) domain, indicating that the impairment of HIV-1 replication required the specific incorporation of Vpr fusion protein into virions. Gene expression, assembly, or release was not affected upon expression of these Vpr fusion proteins. Indeed, the VprIE and VprCAT fusion proteins were shown to affect the infectivity of progeny virus, since HIV virions containing the VprCAT or the VprIE fusion proteins were, respectively, 2 to 3 times and 10 to 30 times less infectious than the wild-type virus. Overall, this study demonstrated the successful transfer of resistance to HIV replication in tissue cultures by use of Vpr-based antiviral genes.
The role of NiAl underlayers in longitudinal thin-film recording media (1997)

Longitudinal recording media made with chromium and with nickel-aluminum underlayers are compared. NiAl films have smaller grains and random crystallographic orientation, while Cr films have larger grains and either a {110} or a {200} preferred orientation depending on the deposition conditions. Cobalt alloy films grown on NiAl have nearly random crystallographic orientation and significant c-axis out-of-plane component, and lower hysteresis loop squareness and coercivity than films made on a heated Cr underlayer. NiAl-underlayer media do not exhibit in-plane magnetic anisotropy induced by the substrate texture lines. CoCrTaPt/Cr/NiAl media had higher overwrite than CoCrTaPt/Cr media due to higher coercive squareness and a sharper hysteresis loop closure.
Orthogonal grouping-based near optimal detection algorithm for high order MIMO systems (2009)

Focusing on high order multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, this paper presents an orthogonal grouping-based near optimal detection algorithm (OGNO). Compared to existing detection algorithms, the proposed algorithm provides a new viewpoint of reducing the receiver detection complexity in high order MIMO systems. With the proper parameters, the OGNO can achieve the almost same performance as the optimal maximum likelihood detection (MLD) algorithm but much lower complexity. Meanwhile, the fixed computational complexity offers a practical real-time hardware implementation. The advantage of complexity reduction comes from the orthogonal grouping, which can convert a higher order MIMO system into several lower order MIMO systems, where each subsystem can also be viewed a group. These groups perform detection separately. Due to more than one candidate sequence output from each group, the overall optimal sequence is obtained through ranking combination static group search. The bit error performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm is given by computer simulation and its complexity is evaluated by measuring the total number of floating-point operations (flops). Furthermore, it will be implemented into our real-time FGPA 8×8 MIMO-OFDM test-bed and the results from RF experiments will be given in the future.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Metabolic Networks (2016)

This chapter discusses how to systematically assess the allowable reaction directionalities and eliminate thermodynamically infeasible cycles in metabolic network reconstructions using systematic optimization-based methods. In particular, thermodynamic-based metabolic flux analysis (TMFA) and Loopless constraint-based reconstruction and analysis (ll-COBRA) procedures are discussed.
Spacing Loss in Perpendicular Recording (1989)

The relationship of the reproduced voltage and spacing in perpendicular recording is studied experimentally and analytically. Experimental results are obtained using a scale model of perpendicular recording, enlarged 5000 times, which simulates a single-pole head and double-layer medium system. In the analysis of the relationship, we extend Lopez's method to include the effect of the potential variation near the top of the main pole, related to the variation in the spacing. We obtained good agreement between experimental and analytical results.
Modifying adhesion of linear low‐density polyethylene to polypropylene by blending with a homogeneous ethylene copolymer (2004)

Abstract Adhesion of a Ziegler–Natta catalyzed ethylene copolymer (ZNPE) to polypropylene (PP) was studied by measuring the delamination toughness G of coextruded microlayers by using the T‐peel test. Low values of G compared to a homogeneous copolymer with approximately the same short chain branch (SCB) content were attributed to an amorphous interfacial layer of low molecular weight, highly branched ZNPE fractions. Blending ZNPE with a homogeneous metallocene catalyzed copolymer (mPE) increased G . In this regard, mPE with higher SCB content was more effective than mPE with slightly lower SCB content. The ZNPE interface was mimicked by microlayering ZNPE and ZNPE blends with polystyrene from which the ZNPE layers were easily separated without damage to the surface. Examination with atomic force microscopy revealed a soft coating about 8 nm thick on the surface of the ZNPE layer. Blending with mPE reduced or eliminated the amorphous interfacial layer. It was proposed that mPE increased miscibility of low molecular weight, highly branched fractions of ZNPE and prevented their segregation at the interface. After blending with mPE eliminated the interfacial layer, G increased to a value comparable to that of a homogeneous copolymer with about the same SCB content as ZNPE bulk chains. The increase in G was attributed to epitaxial crystallization of the ethylene copolymer in the absence of an amorphous interfacial layer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 109–115, 2004
Low-crosstalk arrayed-waveguide grating multi/demultiplexerwithphase compensating plate (1997)

The crosstalk of an arrayed-waveguide grating multi/demultiplexer was reduced by employing a phase compensating plate developed for static phase control. Experimental results showed low crosstalk values of –37 and –39 dB for the TE and TM modes, respectively, in an 8 × 8 100 GHz-spacing arrayed-waveguide grating multi/demultiplexer. This novel method offers polarisation independent phase control for a closely arranged waveguide array.
Impact of fiber structure on edge-wicking of highly-sized paperboard (2018)

Coffee edge-wicking testing was conducted on two groups of highly-sized paperboard manufactured at two mills with similar manufacturing processes, but with vastly different local fiber sources. Although the Hercules size test (HST) indicated similar internal size levels between the two types of board, the edge-wicking behavior was noticeably different. Analysis of fiber structure revealed that the board with more edge-wicking had fibers with thicker fiber walls, which kept the fiber lumen more open after pressing and drying on a paper machine. It was demonstrated that liquid penetration through voids between fibers in highly-sized paperboard was limited, because the fiber surface was well protected by the presence of sufficient sizing agent. Nevertheless, freshly exposed fiber walls and lumens at the cut edge of the sheet were not protected by sizing material, which facilitated edge-wicking. The correlation between fiber structure and edge-wicking behavior was highlighted in this work to inspire development of novel sizing strategies that protect the freshly cut edge of the sheet from edge-wicking.