gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a speech intelligibility test for hearing aid research (1990)

An English language speech comprehension test has been developed to address shortcomings of current speech tests as measures of hearing handicap [R. Plomp, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 533–549 (1979)]. The Bamford-Kowal-Bench sentences, as revised to conform to American English usage, were modified to create 28 lists of 12 sentences of approximately equivalent length, difficulty, and phonetic content. These materials were then sampled at 20 kHz with 8-kHz bandwidth for measurement, editing, and analysis. Following procedures used with Dutch materials [R. Plomp and A. M. Mimpen, Audiology 18, 43–52 (1979)], Leq for each sentence was matched as closely as possible. Speech reception thresholds were measured in the presence of masking noise that matched the average long-term spectrum of all sentences as a means of norming the difficulty of each sentence list. Results of the norming tests will be presented and the use of these materials in hearing aid research will be discussed.
RANKING AND ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC STABILITY OF HIGHWAY EMBANKMENTS IN KENTUCKY (2000)

This report presents the findings of three independent studies under the same grant. These were (a) assess and rank highway embankments along priority routes in western Kentucky according to seismic stability, (b) assess the seismic stability of the approach embankment for the US 51 Ohio River crossing near Wickliffe, Kentucky, and (c) evaluate the seismic stability of the US 41 Ohio River twin spans north of Henderson, Kentucky. Seismic stability of bridge foundations was not a part of this study. The highway ranking assessed over 400 embankments and delineated each as having high, moderate or little risk of significant failure for both the 50 and 500 year events. For the 50 year event, 6 were designated as high risk, while 145 were designated as high risk for the 500 year event. The report recommends evaluation of all high risk embankments and any moderate risk embankments along particularly critical sections of roadway. The US 51 bridge embankment assessment indicated a high risk of embankment failure for the 500 year event, and a moderate risk of some deformation requiring repair for the 50 year event. The findings suggested the need for an emergency repair plan in the event of either earthquake, and suggested a more detailed evaluation if a higher confidence about the risk of failure was required. The US 41 bridge embankment evaluation indicated little to no risk of major liquefaction for the 50 and 500 year events. A factor of safety of about 1.0 was estimated for seismic slope stability of the embankment at the bridge abutments, but a detailed stratigraphic section was not possible due to limited project budget. There thus remains some uncertainty about the overall seismic slope stability. The factor of safety is not likely to be significantly less than 1.0. This is acceptable for seismic loading, as a factor of safety of 1.0 implies some deformation of the embankment may occur, but the extent of damage should be repairable on relatively short notice.
Dioxygen‐Promoted Regioselective Oxidative Heck Arylations of Electron‐Rich Olefins with Arylboronic Acids. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ideogram identification in a realtime traffic sign recognition system (2002)

A robust system for the automatic detection of traffic signs has been developed at the Image Recognition Laboratory of the University of Koblenz. This traffic sign recognition (TSR) system was originally designed to localize traffic signs and to recognize their classes, e.g. prohibition signs, danger signs, beacons, etc. The exact identification of traffic signs is added. Traffic signs are identified by the interpretation of their ideograms realized by different modules in our TSR. The first module detects the position and direction of arrows. A second tool recognizes numerals and interprets them as reasonable speed limits. A third one is a general nearest neighbor classifier applied to three classes of ideograms (prohibition sign ideograms, speed limits, arrows on mandatory signs). The fourth module is based on neural nets and applied to two of these classes. Some of these components are used competitively in our realtime TSR. The use of several results from different tools increases the safety and provides high recognition rates.
Subspace clustering for high dimensional data (2004)

Subspace clustering is an extension of traditional clustering that seeks to find clusters in different subspaces within a dataset. Often in high dimensional data, many dimensions are irrelevant and can mask existing clusters in noisy data. Feature selection removes irrelevant and redundant dimensions by analyzing the entire dataset. Subspace clustering algorithms localize the search for relevant dimensions allowing them to find clusters that exist in multiple, possibly overlapping subspaces. There are two major branches of subspace clustering based on their search strategy. Top-down algorithms find an initial clustering in the full set of dimensions and evaluate the subspaces of each cluster, iteratively improving the results. Bottom-up approaches find dense regions in low dimensional spaces and combine them to form clusters. This paper presents a survey of the various subspace clustering algorithms along with a hierarchy organizing the algorithms by their defining characteristics. We then compare the two main approaches to subspace clustering using empirical scalability and accuracy tests and discuss some potential applications where subspace clustering could be particularly useful.
Stable execution of contact tasks using impedance control (2005)

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the performance of a nonlinear robot control algorithm on a contact task involving free motion, constrained motion and transitions between the two. The algorithm is an implementation of impedance control which uses end-point force feedback. Stable control of the force exerted on a rigid surface is achieved without recourse to a soft sensor. Motion control is achieved without inverse kinematic computations. It is unnecessary to switch between different modes of control at the moment of contact as the impedance controller is competent in all phases of the task.
β-Chlorovinyl Ketones (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTβ-Chlorovinyl KetonesAlbert E. Pohland and Walter R. BensonCite this: Chem. Rev. 1966, 66, 2, 161–197Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60240a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60240a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views720Altmetric-Citations160LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diagnostic intelligence mechanisms for multisensory robotic systems (2002)

The authors address two important problems related to soft failure detection identification, and recovery in multisensory robotic systems: the problem of accidental robot payload variations (load dropping) and the problem of recovery of 3-D dynamic information related to object recognition. A control/diagnostics scheme based on the four-parameter control configuration is designed to accommodate payload variations and hybrid range/intensity sensor is proposed for 3-D dynamic information recovery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
AppProp (2008)

We present an intuitive and efficient method for editing the appearance of complex spatially-varying datasets, such as images and measured materials. In our framework, users specify rough adjustments that are refined interactively by enforcing the policy that similar edits are applied to spatially-close regions of similar appearance. Rather than proposing a specific user interface, our method allows artists to quickly and imprecisely specify the initial edits with any method or workflow they feel most comfortable with. An energy optimization formulation is used to propagate the initial rough adjustments to the final refined ones by enforcing the editing policy over all pairs of points in the dataset. We show that this formulation is equivalent to solving a large linear system defined by a dense matrix. We derive an approximate algorithm to compute such a solution interactively by taking advantage of the inherent structure of the matrix. We demonstrate our approach by editing images, HDR radiance maps, and measured materials. Finally, we show that our framework generalizes prior methods while providing significant improvements in generality, robustness and efficiency.
High-speed optical FSK modulator for optical packet labeling (2005)

We described a novel optical label swapping (OLS) technique for optical packet systems using frequency-shift-keying (FSK) optical labeling. High-speed optical FSK signal can be generated by using an external FSK modulator consisting of four optical phase modulators. The FSK modulator was based on optical single-sideband (SSB) modulation technique, and comprised of traveling-wave electrodes for high-speed frequency switching. We demonstrate 10 Gbps FSK transmission, and simultaneous modulation by FSK and intensity modulation (IM). OLS using double-sideband modulation was also demonstrated, where this technique can be used for a bundled wavelength-domain-multiplexing (WDM) channels without using an array of pumping light sources.
Constitutive Expression of AID Leads to Tumorigenesis (2003)

Genome stability is regulated by the balance between efficiencies of the repair machinery and genetic alterations such as mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. It has been postulated that deregulation of class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), which modify the immunoglobulin (Ig) genes in activated B cells, may be responsible for aberrant chromosomal translocations and mutations of non-Ig genes that lead to lymphocyte malignancy. However, the molecular basis for these genetic instabilities is not clearly understood. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is shown to be essential and sufficient to induce both CSR and SHM in artificial substrates in fibroblasts as well as B cells. Here we show that constitutive and ubiquitous expression of AID in transgenic mice caused both T cell lymphomas and dysgenetic lesions of epithelium of respiratory bronchioles (micro-adenomas) in all individual mice. Point mutations, but not translocations, were massively introduced in expressed T cell receptor (TCR) and c-myc genes in T lymphoma cells. The results indicate that AID can mutate non-Ig genes including oncogenes, implying that aberrant AID expression could be a cause of human malignancy.
Crystal chemical and structural similarities of highTcsuperconductors and ferroelectrics (1990)

Abstract The structural features of important families of oxide ferroelectrics and superconductors are reviewed to establish the crystal chemical similarities. Some of the parameters contributing to the structural stability and influencing the respective transition temperatures are considered. The location of most of the known ferroelectrics and superconductors are depicted in two ternary composition diagrams.
A Systematic Analysis of Members' Environments and Their Expectations of Elected Leaders (1994)

It is generally agreed that legislative leadership is contextual (Sinclair 1990). In this article, I explore the context of leadership by examining the relation ship between members' political, electoral and institutional constraints and their expectations of legislative leaders. The study of 120 state senators in Maryland, North Carolina, and Ohio reveals that members look to leaders to help them attain the legislative goals inherent in their particular situa tion. The analysis reveals statistically significant relationships between respondents' legislative experience, political ambition, campaign expenditures, electoral vulnerability, party status, party strength, and partisan relation ship with the executive, and their expectations of legislative leaders. The findings of this study underscore the importance of membership environ ment and goals in explaining and defining successful leadership and en courage further study of the effects of environmental context on successful legislative leadership.
[Diagnosis and significance of minimal residual disease in patients with colorectal carcinoma]. (2000)

Progression of malignant tumours to metastatic disease after surgery in curative intent is due to usually few and with conventional diagnostic techniques undetectable residual malignant cells. These cells must have been spread either before or during surgery. The more sensitive and specific detection of these malignant cells in various clinically relevant compartments of the patients organism became possible through new immunocytochemical and molecular tools. Various clinical studies underline the strong prognostic impact of the detection of disseminated cancer cells. However, many technical aspects did not yet allow sufficient standardization of these procedures and led to significantly varying results among different scientific groups. It is one of our primary aims to test, whether the detection of disseminated cancer cells might guide the indication for adjuvant therapies and might predict the efficacy of therapies in patients with solid cancers.
Microglial depletion with CSF1R inhibitor during chronic phase of experimental traumatic brain injury reduces neurodegeneration and neurological deficits (2019)

Abstract Chronic neuroinflammation with sustained microglial activation occurs following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is believed to contribute to subsequent neurodegeneration and neurological deficits. Microglia, the primary innate immune cells in brain, are dependent on colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling for their survival. In this translational study, we examined the effects of delayed depletion and subsequent repopulation of microglia on chronic neurodegeneration and functional recovery up to three months posttrauma. A CSF1R inhibitor, PLX5622, was administered to injured adult male C57Bl/6 mice at one month after controlled cortical impact to remove chronically activated microglia, and the inihibitor was withdrawn 1 week later to allow microglial repopulation. Following TBI, the repopulated microglia displayed a ramified morphology, similar to that of sham control uninjured animals, whereas microglia in untreated injured animals showed the typical chronic posttraumatic hypertrophic morphology. PLX5622 treatment limited TBI-associated neuropathological changes at 3 months posttrauma; these included a smaller cortical lesion, reduced neuronal cell death in the injured cortex and ipsilateral hippocampus, and decreased NOX2-dependent reactive microgliosis. Furthermore, delayed depletion of microglia led to widespread changes in the cortical transcriptome, including alterations in gene pathways involved in neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuroplasticity. PLX5622 treated animals showed significantly improved neurological recovery using a variety of complementary neurobehavioral evaluations. These included beam walk and rotorod tests for sensori-motor function, as well as Y-maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze tests to evaluate cognitive function. Together, our findings show that chronic phase removal of neurotoxic microglia using CSF1R inhibitors after experimental TBI can markedly reduce chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, as well as related long-term motor and cognitive deficits. Thus, CSF1R inhibition may provide a clinically feasible approach to limit posttraumatic neurodegeneration and neurological dysfunction following head injury.
THE CYCLIC BANDWIDTH PROBLEM (1994)

The cyclic bandwidth problem for a graph G is to label its n venices by the elements of the additive group (Zn, ) of integers modulo n so that the quantity max{d(f(u), f(v)): (u,v) ∈E(G)} is minimized, where f(v) is the label of v∈ V(G) and d(x, y)= min{x (n - y), y (n - x)} represents the distance of x, y ∈ Zn. This paper describes the background of this labelling problem, some basic properties, and the computational complexity. In particular, a local density lower bound for trees and several exact results for special graphs are presented.
An office chair to influence the sitting behavior of office workers (2012)

Since the introduction of ergonomic guidelines in the design of office chairs, a lot of effort has been put in designing these office chairs accordingly. Because these features all have to be adjusted in different ways (mostly a knob underneath the seat surface), and because every office chair offers different solutions, often users do not use all of the adjustments, and thus do not use the office chair an the optimal ergonomic way. The aim of this paper is to study the influence of feedback on sitting habits of office workers in a field test during 4 weeks. 40 office workers were selected for this test (13 male, 27 female). They were divided in three groups. A control group, a group that received a sitting instruction and a group that received sitting instruction and feedback on their posture every hour that they sit. The results show that there is an effect in average increase in basic posture on both the group that received instruction and the group that received feedback. This effect decreases over time. There was no effect in the control group.
Volatile constituents of vetiver: a review (2014)

ABSTRACT A comprehensive and critical compilation of the volatile constituents of vetiver root ( Chrysopogon zizanioides L.) is presented, including those present in its essential oil. This extremely complex material has stimulated analytical research for many decades in the hope of unravelling the secrets of its composition. Up to now, more than 300 molecules have been reported, mostly sesquiterpenoids possessing a large variety of skeletons, together with their norterpenic counterparts. This review attempts to clarify some of the discrepancies related to the characterization of these constituents, which were often due to the misuses of analytical methods without enough critical consideration of the literature. The identification of the main odour impact components of vetiver is also discussed, because much contradictory information appears in the literature on this subject. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Lysenin-His, a sphingomyelin-recognizing toxin, requires tryptophan 20 for cation-selective channel assembly but not for membrane binding (2006)

Lysenin is 297 amino acid long toxin derived from the earthworm Eisenia foetida which specifically recognizes sphingomyelin and induces cell lysis. We synthesized lysenin gene supplemented with a polyhistidine tag, subcloned it into the pT7RS plasmid and the recombinant protein was produced in Escherichia coli. In order to obtain lysenin devoid of its lytic activity, the protein was mutated by substitution of tryptophan 20 by alanine. The recombinant mutant lysenin-His did not evoke cell lysis, although it retained the ability to specifically interact with sphingomyelin, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy and by dot blot lipid overlay and liposome binding assays. We found that the lytic activity of wild-type lysenin-His was correlated with the protein oligomerization during interaction with sphingomyelin-containing membranes and the amount of oligomers was increased with an elevation of sphingomyelin/lysenin ratio. Blue native gel electrophoresis indicated that trimers can be functional units of the protein, however, lysenin hexamers and nanomers were stabilized by chemical cross-linking of the protein and by sodium dodecyl sulfate. When incorporated into planar lipid bilayers, wild type lysenin-His formed cation-selective channels in a sphingomyelin-dependent manner. We characterized the channel activity by establishing its various open/closed states. In contrast, the mutant lysenin-His did not form channels and its correct oligomerization was strongly impaired. Based on these results we suggest that lysenin oligomerizes upon interaction with sphingomyelin in the plasma membrane, forming cation-selective channels. Their activity disturbs the ion balance of the cell, leading eventually to cell lysis.
Anisotropic physical properties of the Kondo semiconductor CeRhSb (1994)

Measurements of resistivity \ensuremath{\rho}, thermopower S, and magnetic susceptibility \ensuremath{\chi} are reported on single-crystal CeRhSb. Only along the orthorhombic a axis, \ensuremath{\chi}(T) exhibits a pronounced peak at 13 K and \ensuremath{\rho}(T) has a shoulder at around 20 K. These anomalies and the relations ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\gtrsim}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{b}}$\ensuremath{\gtrsim}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{a}}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathit{a}}$\ensuremath{\gtrsim}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathit{b}}$\ensuremath{\gtrsim}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathit{c}}$ resemble those in the isostructural Kondo semiconductor CeNiSn. However, the anisotropy in \ensuremath{\rho}(T), \ensuremath{\chi}(T), and S(T) is still weaker than that in CeNiSn. The magnetic contribution to the specific heat divided by temperature ${\mathit{C}}_{\mathit{m}}$/T reveals a maximum of 0.1 J/${\mathrm{K}}^{2}$ mol near 10 K and decreases linearly with decreasing temperature. These results indicate that the gap formation in CeRhSb and CeNiSn originates from a similar type of hybridization of 4f states with a conduction state.