gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lemur IIb: a robotic system for steep terrain access (2006)

Purpose Introduces the Lemur IIb robot which allows the investigation of the technical hurdles associated with free climbing in steep terrain. These include controlling the distribution of contact forces during motion to ensure holds remain intact and to enable mobility through over‐hangs. Efforts also can be applied to further in‐situ characterization of the terrain, such as testing the strength of the holds and developing models of the individual holds and a terrain map. Design/methodology/approach A free climbing robot system was designed and integrated. Climbing end‐effector were investigated and operational algorithms were developed. Findings A 4‐limbed robotic system used to investigate several aspects of climbing system design including the mechanical system (novel end‐effectors, kinematics, joint design), sensing (force, attitude, vision), low‐level control (force‐control for tactile sensing and stability management), and planning (joint trajectories for stability). A new class of Ultrasonic/Sonic Driller/Corer (USDC) end‐effectors capable of creating “holds” in rock and soil as well as sampling those substrates. Practical implications Planetary exploration of cliff faces. Search and rescue in steep terrain. Robotic scouting and surveillance in natural environments. Originality/value The technologies developed on this platform will be used to build an advanced system that will climb slopes up to and including vertical faces and overhangs and be able to react forces to maintain stability and do useful work (e.g. sample acquisition/instrument placement).
Solution structure of ileal lipid binding protein in complex with glycocholate (2000)

Ileal lipid binding protein (ILBP) is a cytosolic lipid-binding protein that binds both bile acids and fatty acids. We have determined the solution structure of porcine ILBP in complex with glycocholate by homonuclear and heteronuclear two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The conformation of the protein-ligand complex was determined by restrained energy minimization and simulated annealing calculations after docking the glycocholate ligand into the protein structure. The overall tertiary structure of ILBP is highly analogous to the three-dimensional structures of several other intracellular lipid binding proteins (LBPs). Like the apo-structure, the bile-acid complex of ILBP is composed of 10 anti-parallel beta-strands that form a water-filled clam-shell structure, and two short alpha-helices. Chemical shift data indicated that the bile acid ligand is bound inside the protein cavity. Furthermore, 13C-edited heteronuclear single-quantum correlation-NOESY experiments showed NOE contacts between several aromatic residues located in the proposed bile acid portal region and the 13C-labeled ligand. A single bile acid molecule is bound inside the protein, with the steroid moiety penetrating deep into the water-accessible internal cavity, such that ring A is located right above the plane of the Trp49 indole ring. The carboxylate tail of the ligand is protruding from the proposed bile acid portal into the surrounding aqueous solution. The body of the steroid moiety is oriented with the nonpolar face in contact with the mostly hydrophobic residues of beta-strands C, D and E, while the polar face shows contacts with the side-chains of Tyr97, His99, Glu110 and Arg121 in beta-strands H, I and J. Thus, the conformational arrangement of the ligand complex suggests that the binding affinity of ILBP for bile acid molecules is based mainly on strong hydrophobic interactions inside the protein cavity. Furthermore, this binding mode explains how ILBP can transport unconjugated and conjugated bile acids.
A resurrected mammalian hAT transposable element and a closely related insect element are highly active in human cell culture (2012)

Chromosome structure and function are influenced by transposable elements, which are mobile DNA segments that can move from place to place. hAT elements are a superfamily of DNA cut and paste elements that move by excision and integration. We have characterized two hAT elements, TcBuster and Space Invaders (SPIN), that are members of a recently described subfamily of hAT elements called Buster elements. We show that TcBuster, from the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, is highly active in human cells. SPIN elements are currently inactive elements that were recently highly active in multiple vertebrate genomes, and the high level of sequence similarity across widely diverged species and patchy phylogenetic distribution suggest that they may have moved between genomes by horizontal transfer. We have generated an intact version of this element, SPIN(ON), which is highly active in human cells. In vitro analysis of TcBuster and SPIN(ON) shows that no proteins other than transposase are essential for recombination, a property that may contribute to the ability of SPIN to successfully invade multiple organisms. We also analyze the target site preferences of de novo insertions in the human genome of TcBuster and SPIN(ON) and compare them with the preferences of Sleeping Beauty and piggyBac, showing that each superfamily has a distinctive pattern of insertion. The high-frequency transposition of both TcBuster and SPIN(ON) suggests that these transposon systems offer powerful tools for genome engineering. Finally, we describe a Saccharomyces cerevisiae assay for TcBuster that will provide a means for isolation of hyperactive and other interesting classes of transposase mutants.
Prognostic Value of Admission Chest CT Findings for Invasive Ventilation Therapy in COVID-19 Pneumonia (2020)

(1) Background: To assess the value of chest CT imaging features of COVID-19 disease upon hospital admission for risk stratification of invasive ventilation (IV) versus no or non-invasive ventilation (non-IV) during hospital stay. (2) Methods: A retrospective single-center study was conducted including all patients admitted during the first three months of the pandemic at our hospital with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 disease and admission chest CT scans (<i>n</i> = 69). Using clinical information and CT imaging features, a 10-point ordinal risk score was developed and its diagnostic potential to differentiate a severe (IV-group) from a more moderate course (non-IV-group) of the disease was tested. (3) Results: Frequent imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in both groups were ground glass opacities (91.3%), consolidations (53.6%) and crazy paving patterns (31.9%). Characteristics of later stages such as subpleural bands were observed significantly more often in the IV-group (52.2% versus 26.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.032). Using information directly accessible during a radiologist's reporting, a simple risk score proved to reliably differentiate between IV- and non-IV-groups (AUC: 0.89 (95% CI 0.81-0.96), <i>p</i> < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Information accessible from admission CT scans can effectively and reliably be used in a scoring model to support risk stratification of COVID-19 patients to improve resource and allocation management of hospitals.
Cyclic Guanidines; V.1Synthesis of Novel Benzodiazepinoid and Related Systems by Intramolecular Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (1994)

A convenient route to pentacyclic benzodiazepines and quinoxalines is reported, which simultaneously represent cyclic guanidines. Five new heterocyclic ring systems are described and the rules governing the regioselectivity of some of the ring closure reactions are studied. The structure of one of the products is confirmed by X-ray analysis. Scope and versatility of the process are indicated by several examples.
The Fabrication and Bonding of Thermoplastic Microfluidics: A Review (2022)

Various fields within biomedical engineering have been afforded rapid scientific advancement through the incorporation of microfluidics. As literature surrounding biological systems become more comprehensive and many microfluidic platforms show potential for commercialization, the development of representative fluidic systems has become more intricate. This has brought increased scrutiny of the material properties of microfluidic substrates. Thermoplastics have been highlighted as a promising material, given their material adaptability and commercial compatibility. This review provides a comprehensive discussion surrounding recent developments pertaining to thermoplastic microfluidic device fabrication. Existing and emerging approaches related to both microchannel fabrication and device assembly are highlighted, with consideration toward how specific approaches induce physical and/or chemical properties that are optimally suited for relevant real-world applications.
Analysis of space-time coding in correlated fading channels (2005)

Antenna spacing and the properties of a scattering environment can create correlation between channel coefficients. Temporal correlation between fading coefficients may also be present, because one may be unable or unwilling to fully interleave the channel symbols. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of multiple-input multiple-output systems under correlated fading. We calculate pairwise-error-probability (PEP) expressions under quasi-static fading, fast fading, block fading, as well as arbitrarily temporally correlated fading, under Rayleigh and Rician conditions. We use the PEP expressions to calculate union bounds on the performance of trellis space-time codes, super orthogonal space-time codes, linear-dispersion codes, and diagonal algebraic space-time codes.
Title: New Developments in the Use of Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring (2006)

Piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) are inexpensive, non-intrusive unobtrusive devices that can be surface mounted on existing structures, or inserted in a new composite structure. The PWAS can be used in both active and passive modes. In active mode, the PWAS generate Lamb waves that can exist as either traveling waves or standing waves. As traveling waves, PWAS-generated Lamb waves can be used with the pitch-catch, pulse-echo, or phased-array methods that arrow far-field and some medium-field damage detection. The PWAS phased-array approach considered here is the embedded ultrasonics structural radar (EUSR) method. This paper presents new results obtained in the use of PWAS for the structural health monitoring using the phased-array approach. The first set of results presented in this paper addresses the validation of the PWAS EUSR phased array method with single-mode tuning of specific guided Lamb waves in thin-wall structures. Both flat and curved panels were considered. The second set of results refers to the detection capabilities of the PWAS EUSR method.
A simple flash sintering setup under applied mechanical stress and controlled atmosphere (2015)

•Sample can be entirely recovered at the end of the experiment and can be analyzed throughout its entire extension, including regions in contact with the electrodes that may present some differences from pellets inner part.•The use of AC current enables the study of different frequencies effects.•Experimental set-up can be adapted to different kinds of electrolytes (samples), easily changing electrode's material and atmosphere.
Modular computer programs for flow cytometry and sorting: The LACEL system (1981)

Abstract A computer‐based data acquisition, display and processing system for flow cytometers has been developed. The Los Alamos Cell Analysis (LACEL) programs and electronic hardware provide the capability to acquire list mode or histogram data for up to eight parameters and control bidirectional sorting based on up to four parameters for each direction. The programs described in this paper also enable the display of single parameter and bivariate histograms and the graphical manipulation of the list mode data. The electronic hardware is described in a companion paper.
Polyimide‐PEG Segmented Block Copolymer Membranes with High Proton Conductivity by Improving Bicontinuous Nanostructure of Ionic Liquid‐Doped Films (2019)

Abstract The structure and properties of segmented block copolymer films of aromatic polyimide (PI) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) doped with an ionic liquid are studied for potential polymer electrolyte membrane applications for fuel cells. Poly(amic acid) precursors of PI‐PEG copolymers of 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride, 4,4′‐(1,3‐phenylenedioxy) dianiline, and bis(3‐aminopropyl) terminated PEG ( M n ≈ 1500) are synthesized and then thermally imidized in membrane films, followed by swelling in ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) ionic liquid. The small‐angle X‐ray scattering results from the EAN‐doped PI‐PEG copolymer films show disordered bicontinuous phase‐separated nanostructures described by Teubner–Strey theory, with the interface fractal dimension determined from the Porod equation. Thermal annealing of the EAN‐doped membranes at 100–140 °C results in increased correlation lengths and smoother interfaces of the bicontinuous nanostructures. Such improved nanostructures lead to the increased ionic conductivity by two to five times with the maximum conductivity of 210 mS cm −1 at 60 °C and 70% RH, much greater (nearly fivefold) than that of Nafion films, while maintaining the mechanical stability possibly up to 140 °C. Moreover, the investigation of the disordered bicontinuous phase‐separated nanostructure of EAN‐doped PI‐PEG copolymer membranes is highly relevant to understanding the nanostructures of hydrated Nafion membranes and segmented block copolymers in general.
Zero-Baseline Measurements for Relative Positioning in Vehicular Environments (2013)

Forward collision warning systems, lane change assistants or cooperative adaptive cruise control are examples of safety relevant applications that rely on accurate relative positioning between vehicles. Current solutions estimate the position of surrounding vehicles by measuring the distance with a RADAR sensor or a camera system. One promising approach to extend the perception range of these sensors is the exchange of GNSS raw data measured from a vehicle to a set of satellites by using a inter-vehicle communication link. The aim of this approach is to cancel correlated errors in both receivers and thus achieving a better relative position estimate. The present paper shows the potential of this differential approach by showing the results of a series of zero-baseline experiments conducted in a simulated environment. The impact of uncorrelated errors that are not canceled out by differentiation, such as noise and multipath, is analyzed in depth and verified by simulations. The results show that in clear sky conditions and in absence of multipath propagation, the baseline of a vehicle can be estimated using GNSS pseudorange double differences with less than one meter of error. Multipath might severely degrade this performance, even in the case of a zero-baseline experiment.
Rewiring Mitochondrial Metabolism for CD8+ T Cell Memory Formation and Effective Cancer Immunotherapy (2020)

Memory T cells persist for long term to mediate robust recall response upon rechallenging with previous encountered pathogens. The memory T cell pool is highly heterogeneous based on distinct phenotypic, functional, and locational properties, and contains discrete subsets, which contribute to diverse immune responses. In this mini-review, we will briefly discuss the distinct subsets of memory T cells and then focus on mitochondria-related metabolic and epigenetic regulations of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell memory formation. In particular, we discuss many aspects of mitochondrial quality control systems (biogenesis, dynamics, etc.) in regulating CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell fate decision and antitumor immunity. Importantly, targeting mitochondrial metabolism to boost T cell memory formation and metabolic fitness might represent an attractive strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy including CAR-T therapy.
Diagnosis of Diabetes Using a Weight-Adjusted Voting Approach (2014)

Diabetes is a worldwide public health challenge with a yearly increasing incidence. Many approaches using different machine learning classifiers have been developed for automatic diagnosis of diabetes. However, they mostly rely on a single classifier or a hybrid model to make the diagnosis decision, which might be weaker than a voted decision of multiple classifiers. In this study, we present an approach that combines three classifiers (i.e. Support vector machine, artificial neural network, and naïve bayes) to diagnose diabetes. The approach can adjust each classifier's weight based on their ability and history of making correct predictions. A rule that mixes majority voting and weights of classifiers was proposed and applied for the final diagnosis decision. The Pima Indians diabetes data set (268 diabetes patients and 500 normal subjects) was used in the work. A wrapper method was adopted to select features for classification. An experimental comparison of our method with other voting strategies and each single classifier used in our study demonstrated that our approach performed better in sensitivity.
Filamentary Tracks Formed in Transparent Optical Glass by Laser-Beam Self-Focusing. III. Filament Formation (1972)

Electrostrictive laser-beam self-focusing was simulated on a digital computer according to my previous derivation. The results show the beam focusing itself into a long thin filament a few wavelengths of light in radius, propagating with nearly constant radius up to several centimeters, and diverging again. The filament radius decreases throughout the pulse. It also decreases with increasing pulse power. The filament length varies approximately as the square root of the input power above threshold. Growth upstream and downstream is initially at ${10}^{7}$ to ${10}^{8}$ cm/sec. The maximum extent is reached before the peak of the incident laser pulse, but the maximum intensity is achieved after the peak. Computer "streak diagrams" are very similar to recent streak photographs of track formation. The filamentary theory is more attractive than the moving-focus theory presented previously as no rapidly responding (fast) self-focusing mechanism is required to explain track-growth spurts with rapidly temporally modulated pulses. The trapping threshold for an arbitrary combination of fast and electrostrictive self-focusing mechanisms is presented. The predominance of a fast mechanism would contradict the experimental variation of the trapping threshold with initial beam-waist radius. The results suggest much of the nonlinear response previously measured by others for BK-7 glass is caused by electrostriction rather than fast mechanisms.
Signal Shaping for Generalized Spatial Modulation and Generalized Quadrature Spatial Modulation (2019)

This paper investigates the generic signal shaping methods for the multiple-data-stream generalized spatial modulation (GenSM) and the generalized quadrature spatial modulation (GenQSM). Three cases with different channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) are considered, including no CSIT, statistical CSIT, and perfect CSIT. A unified optimization problem is formulated to find the optimal transmit vector set under size, power, and sparsity constraints. We propose an optimization-based signal shaping (OBSS) approach by solving the formulated problem directly and a codebook-based signal shaping (CBSS) approach by finding the sub-optimal solutions in discrete space. In the OBSS approach, we reformulate the original problem to optimize the signal constellations used for each transmit antenna combination (TAC). Both the size and the entry of all signal constellations are optimized. Specifically, we suggest the use of a recursive design for the size optimization. The entry optimization is formulated as a non-convex large-scale quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) problem and can be solved by the existing optimization techniques with rather high complexity. To reduce the complexity, we propose the CBSS approach using a codebook generated by the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols and a low-complexity selection algorithm to choose the optimal transmit vector set. The simulation results show that the OBSS approach exhibits the optimal performance in comparison with existing benchmarks. However, the OBSS approach is impractical for large-size signal shaping and adaptive signal shaping with instantaneous CSIT due to the demand of high computational complexity. As a low-complexity approach, the CBSS shows comparable performance and can be easily implemented in large-size systems.
Direct comparison of MS‐based label‐free and SILAC quantitative proteome profiling strategies in primary retinal Müller cells (2012)

To better understand the involvement of retinal Müller glial (RMG) cells in retinal diseases, we phenotyped primary porcine RMGs in dependence of cultivation time using different quantitative proteomic strategies. A well-established LC-MS/MS-based quantification method was employed: stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and directly compared to label-free (LF) quantifications, based on total peak intensities using two different programs (MaxQuant and Progenesis LC-MS). The overall numbers of detected proteins were largely similar (overlap of 1324 proteins), only a total of 173 proteins were significantly altered between the different culture conditions. However, among these, only 21 proteins were shared between the three analytical strategies. Hence, the majority of altered proteins only reached significance thresholds in one of the applied analyses with a larger overlap between the two LF approaches. Among the shared, differentially abundant proteins were known RMG markers as well as new proteins associated with glial cell transition. However, proteins correlated to cellular transitions and dedifferentiation were also found among the proteins only significant in one or two of the applied strategies. Consequently, the application of different quantification and analytical strategies could increase the analytical depths of proteomic phenotyping.
Effects of utilizing a granular nucleation layer on magnetic properties and microstructure of CoPt–B2O3 granular medium (2018)

The magnetic properties and microstructure of Co80Pt20–30 vol % B2O3 granular medium deposited on nucleation layers (NLs) with Co80Pt20–30 vol % oxides (oxides: Nb2O5, WO3, Ta2O5, SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Cr2O3, and ZrO2) of various thicknesses were investigated. By introducing an NL, a granular medium with columnar growth of small magnetic grains can be obtained. Furthermore, magnetic grains are separated with an oxide grain boundary material from the initial growth region that promotes the decoupling of magnetic grains, which corresponds to an increase in coercivity. The degrees of diameter reduction and decoupling of magnetic grains depend on the NL thickness and the melting point of the oxide utilized in the NL.
The effect of Aea-TMOF on egg maturation in Heliothis virescens: a preliminary study (2007)

Trypsin Modulating Oostatic Factor from the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, (Aea-TMOF) inhibits juvenile hormone (JH) stimulated egg chorionation and patency in the follicular epithelium cells of Heliothis virescens. Aea-TMOF exhibits highest inhibitory effect on oocytes or follicular epithelium cells when it is administered together with JH I rather than with JH III. These results indicate that Aea-TMOF specifically inhibits JH I-dependent events during egg maturation in Heliothis virescens. Preliminary pharmacological analysis of the Aea-TMOF effect on patency suggests that the decapeptide hormone acts upstream of the protein kinase-dependent step during the JH activated cellular signaling pathway.