gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterocyclic heptamers containing thiophene and pyrrole units: Synthesis and properties (1996)

Studies on septithiophenes are relatively rare compared to the available detailed investigations of sexithiophenes. The balance is redressed here by a report of the synthesis, electrochemistry and spectroscopic properties of a new α,ω‐disubstituted septithiophene and two pyrrole‐containing septithiophene and two pyrrole‐containing septithiophene analogues. Two different routes are described by which it was attempted to impart solubility in organic solvents to septithiophenes–one unsuccessful and one successful. Evidence of an unusual three‐electron transfer process is also presented.
Performance of conformal guided mode resonance filters (2011)

Guided mode resonance (GMR) filters are highly functional micro-optics capable of narrowband spectral filtering. GMR devices have previously been demonstrated on flat substrates using a wide range of materials and configurations. In this Letter, we apply a soft lithographic technique followed by the deposition of dielectric layers to generate GMR filters on a concave lens surface. Resonances of the resulting conformal GMR filters are experimentally measured and characterized, and the results are compared to the performance of similar GMR filters fabricated on flat surfaces.
The anti‐apoptotic protein BAG‐3 is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and induced by heat stress in pancreatic cancer cell lines (2001)

Pancreatic cancer cells are usually resistant to apoptosis mediated by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. BAG-3 (Bis, CAIR), which was identified as a BAG-1-related protein, is a novel modulator of cellular anti-apoptotic activity that functions through its interaction with Bcl-2. In this study we analyzed BAG-3 expression in human pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. BAG-3 mRNA was expressed at moderate to high levels in all pancreatic cancer samples, but at low levels in normal pancreas tissues. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that BAG-3 was present in the cancer cells within the pancreatic tumor mass. When BAG-3 mRNA was analyzed in other gastrointestinal cancers (hepatocellular carcinoma; esophageal, stomach and colon cancer), no difference was found from their corresponding normal controls. In pancreatic cancer cells, BAG-3 mRNA expression levels were strongly induced after heat stress, but not in response to members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha family (TNF-alpha, TRAIL, FasL). These findings indicate that in pancreatic cancer, in contrast to other gastrointestinal malignancies, increased levels of BAG-3 might function to block apoptosis. This characteristic of pancreatic cancer might contribute to its more aggressive growth behavior and poor responsiveness to treatment in vivo.
A Reanalysis of the Effect of the New Jersey Minimum Wage Increase on the Fast-Food Industry with Representative Payroll Data (1998)

This paper re-examines the effect of the 1992 New Jersey minimum wage increase on employment in the fast-food industry. We begin by analyzing employment trends using a comprehensive new data set derived from the Bureau of Labor Statistics's (BLS's) ES-202 data file. Both a longitudinal sample and a repeated-cross-section sample drawn from these data indicate similar or slightly faster employment growth in New Jersey relative to eastern Pennsylvania after the rise in New Jersey's minimum wage, consistent with the main findings of our earlier survey. We also use the ES-202 data to measure the effects of the 1996 increase in the federal minimum wage, which raised the minimum wage in Pennsylvania but not in New Jersey. We find no indication of relative employment losses in Pennsylvania. In light of these findings, we re-examine employment trends in the sample of fast-food restaurants assembled by the Employment Policies Institute (EPI) and David Neumark and William Wascher. The differences between this sample and both the BLS data and our earlier sample are attributable to a small set of restaurants owned by a single franchisee who provided the original Pennsylvania data for the 1995 EPI study. We also find that employment trends in the EPI/Neumark-Wascher sample are strikingly different for firms that reported their data on a weekly, biweekly or monthly basis, possibly because of seasonal factors. Controlling for the systematic effects of the varying reporting intervals, the combined EPI/Neumark-Wascher sample shows no difference in hours growth between New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
Increased plasma phenylacetic acid in patients with end-stage renal failure inhibits iNOS expression (2003)

NO prevents atherogenesis and inflammation in vessel walls by inhibition of cell proliferation and cytokine-induced endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. Reduced NO production due to inhibition of either eNOS or iNOS may therefore reinforce atherosclerosis. Patients with end-stage renal failure show markedly increased mortality due to atherosclerosis. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that uremic toxins are responsible for reduced iNOS expression. LPS-induced iNOS expression in mononuclear leukocytes was studied using real-time PCR. The iNOS expression was blocked by addition of plasma from patients with end-stage renal failure, whereas plasma from healthy controls had no effect. Hemofiltrate obtained from patients with end-stage renal failure was fractionated by chromatographic methods. The chromatographic procedures revealed a homogenous fraction that inhibits iNOS expression. Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, this inhibitor was identified as phenylacetic acid. Authentic phenylacetic acid inhibited iNOS expression in a dose-dependent manner. In healthy control subjects, plasma concentrations were below the detection level, whereas patients with end-stage renal failure had a phenylacetic acid concentration of 3.49 +/- 0.33 mmol/l (n = 41). It is concluded that accumulation of phenylacetic acid in patients with end-stage renal failure inhibits iNOS expression. That mechanism may contribute to increased atherosclerosis and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with end-stage renal failure.
Medium Without Rumen Fluid for Nonselective Enumeration and Isolation of Rumen Bacteria (1966)

Colony counts which approximated those in a habitat-simulating, rumen fluid-agar medium (RFM) were obtained in medium 10, a medium identical to the RFM except for the replacement of rumen fluid with 1.5 x 10(-6)m hemin, 0.2% Trypticase, 0.05% yeast extract, and a 6.6 x 10(-2)m volatile fatty acid mixture qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that in rumen fluid. Single deletion of Trypticase, yeast extract, or the volatile fatty acid mixture from medium 10 significantly reduced colony counts. Colony counts were also reduced when medium 10 was modified to contain higher concentrations of Trypticase or volatile fatty acids. Significant differences were found between colony counts obtained from diluted rumen contents of animals fed a cracked corn-urea diet, and the colony counts obtained from animals fed either a cracked corn-soyean oil meal or an alfalfa hay-grain diet. Qualitative differences were found between the predominant bacterial strains isolated from rumen contents of animals fed cracked corn diets and strains isolated from animals fed alfalfa hay-grain. Regardless of differences in the predominant flora associated with diet, medium 10 and the RFM supported growth of similar bacterial populations. The results show that medium 10 is suitable for enumeration and isolation of many predominant rumen bacteria.
Special Interests at the Gate (2023)

Abstract The field of corporate governance was still in an early stage when, in 1978, the American Law Institute launched a Corporate Governance Project that produced its Principles of Corporate Governance: Analysis and Recommendations, finally approved fourteen years later. The Principles pursue the goal of enhanced management accountability with an innovative fusion of extralegal governance principles and restatements or revisions of the parts of corporate law that bear most directly on governance. This chapter recounts the Principles’ origins and evolution, a famously controversial process. The Project’s reporters confronted a direct attack spearheaded by agents of the Business Roundtable and their sympathizers. The attackers insisted that corporate governance is about efficient production as well as legal accountability and that the Principles’ progenitors were short on expertise respecting the former and so excessively weighted their output to the latter. This chapter concludes that history lies on the side of the Project and its reporters. The Principles, viewed with the benefit of hindsight, got a lot of things right. They stood (and continue to stand) head and shoulders above the rest of the literature as the best treatise ever produced on corporate law. They also stood (and continue to stand) as the formal source of the monitoring model of the corporate board of directors, the model that continues to dominate thinking both in corporate law and corporate governance.
LocoKit - A Construction Kit for Exploration of Morphology of Legged Robots (2011)

Producing steady stable and energy efficient locomotion in legged robots with the ability to walk in unknown<br/>terrain is a big challenge in robotics. In addressing this challenge, it is often desirable to experiment with different<br/>morphologies and see how they influence on the way the robot walks. This is however not always easy, since robots are<br/>often built as a fixed system with a limited possibility of changing the morphology without redesign a significant part of<br/>the robot. This work is focusing on the creation of a robotic construction kit specifically aimed at easing the process of<br/>constructing legged robots. This is accomplished by giving the creator the possibility to easily do morphological changes<br/>to the robot even after it have been build, to see how it effects the robot’s ability to walk in unknown terrain.<br/>
Performance of arrays of direct-driven wave energy converters under optimal power take-off damping (2016)

It is well known that the total power converted by a wave energy farm is influenced by the hydrodynamic interactions between wave energy converters, especially when they are close to each other. Therefore, to improve the performance of a wave energy farm, the hydrodynamic interaction between converters must be considered, which can be influenced by the power take-off damping of individual converters. In this paper, the performance of arrays of wave energy converters under optimal hydrodynamic interaction and power take-off damping is investigated. This is achieved by coordinating the power take-off damping of individual converters, resulting in optimal hydrodynamic interaction as well as higher production of time-averaged power converted by the farm. Physical constraints on motion amplitudes are considered in the solution, which is required for the practical implementation of wave energy converters. Results indicate that the natural frequency of a wave energy converter under optimal damping will not vary with sea states, but the production performance of a wave energy farm can be improved significantly while satisfying the motion constraints.
Tofacitinib treatment modulates the levels of several inflammation-related plasma proteins in rheumatoid arthritis and baseline levels of soluble biomarkers associate with the treatment response (2022)

The data on the effects of tofacitinib on soluble proteins in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is currently very limited. We analyzed how tofacitinib treatment and thus inhibition of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activation of transcription pathway affects the in vivo levels of inflammation-related plasma proteins in RA patients. In this study, 16 patients with active RA [28-joint disease activity score (DAS28) >3.2] despite treatment with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) started tofacitinib treatment 5 mg twice daily. Levels of 92 inflammation-related plasma proteins were determined by proximity extension assay at baseline and at 3 months. Tofacitinib treatment for 3 months, in csDMARD background, decreased the mean DAS28 from 4.4 to 2.6 (P < 0.001). Marked (>20%) and statistically significant (P < 0.05) changes were found in the levels of 21 proteins, 18 of which decreased and 3 increased. Of these proteins, 17 are directly involved in inflammatory responses or in the cellular response to cytokines. The highest (>50%) decrease was observed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1, matrix metalloproteinase-1, and AXIN1. Higher baseline levels of IL-6 and lower levels of C-C motif chemokine 11 and Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptors were associated with DAS28 improvement. Our results indicate that tofacitinib downregulates several proinflammatory plasma proteins that may contribute to the clinical efficacy of tofacitinib. In addition, soluble biomarkers may predict the treatment response to tofacitinib.
[The free-radical processes and antioxidant therapy in brain ischemia]. (2008)

A role of the free-radical processes and disturbances of oxidative-restorative blood homeostasis and nervous tissue in the pathogenesis of brain ischemic pathology and other diseases are reviewed. Attention is focused on the search for optimal ways of pharmacological correction of oxidative stress in the schemes of complex treatment of chronic blood circulation insufficiency and on the necessity of combined application of several antioxidants with different mechanisms of action which reciprocally potentiate each other. Experimental and clinical suppositions of the use of a-lipoic acid as one of the most studied antioxidant in the treatment of brain ischemia as well as the results of own studies on the preparation berlition which contains a-lipoic acid used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes are discussed.
Transcriptome Profiling and Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal GSTs and Other Defense Genes Involved in Multiple Signaling Pathways Induced by Herbicide Safener in Grain Sorghum (2019)

Herbicide safeners protect cereal crops from herbicide injury by inducing genes and proteins involved in detoxification reactions, such as glutathione <i>S</i>-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450s (P450s). Only a few studies have characterized gene or protein expression profiles for investigating plant responses to safener treatment in cereal crops, and most transcriptome analyses in response to safener treatments have been conducted in dicot model species that are not protected by safener from herbicide injury. In this study, three different approaches were utilized in grain sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench) to investigate mechanisms involved in safener-regulated signaling pathways. An initial transcriptome analysis was performed to examine global gene expression in etiolated shoot tissues of hybrid grain sorghum following treatment with the sorghum safener, fluxofenim. Most upregulated transcripts encoded detoxification enzymes, including P450s, GSTs, and UDP-dependent glucosyltransferases (UGTs). Interestingly, several of these upregulated transcripts are similar to genes involved with the biosynthesis and recycling/catabolism of dhurrin, an important chemical defense compound, in these seedling tissues. Secondly, 761 diverse sorghum inbred lines were evaluated in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to determine key molecular-genetic factors governing safener-mediated signaling mechanisms and/or herbicide detoxification. GWAS revealed a significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with safener-induced response on chromosome 9, located within a phi-class <i>SbGST</i> gene and about 15-kb from a different phi-class <i>SbGST</i>. Lastly, the expression of these two candidate <i>SbGSTs</i> was quantified in etiolated shoot tissues of sorghum inbred BTx623 in response to fluxofenim treatment. <i>SbGSTF1</i> and <i>SbGSTF2</i> transcripts increased within 12-hr after fluxofenim treatment but the level of safener-induced expression differed between the two genes. In addition to identifying specific GSTs potentially involved in the safener-mediated detoxification pathway, this research elucidates a new direction for studying both constitutive and inducible mechanisms for chemical defense in cereal crop seedlings.
The calibration between range sensor and mobile robot, and construction of a obstacle avoidance robot (2012)

Recently, robot that assists a human is desired, because the aging society will come. For example, if there is a robot which avoid a obstacle automatically, it is possible to assist humans. Therefore, we construct a obstacle avoidance robot. In order to achieve a autonomous robot, obstacle avoidance, path planing, and mobile robot control are required. In this study, TOF type range sensor that is a possible to measure the distance is used. Moreover, an obstacle is detected using the distance information acquired by TOF camera. Optimal path is decided by the potential method. When TOF camera is put on a mobile robot, it is a problem that a robot coordinate system differs from the coordinate system of TOF camera. Then, the calibration of a robot and TOF camera is performed by odometry information and estimating the pose between TOF camera and actual environment. In order to verify the practicality of this proposal system, we experiment at room environment with flat floor.
Modeling of energy confinement of plano-convex shaped resonators for applications at high temperatures (2009)

The design of piezoelectrically actuated plano-convex shaped resonators has been studied to optimize their Q-factor and signal spectrum at high temperatures. The investigated arrays of thickness-shear-mode (TSM) resonators consist of langasite, a high temperature stable material. As viscoelastic damping and an increasing conductivity decreases the Q-factor at elevated temperatures, design optimizations have to counteract these effects. Two and three dimensional finite element (FE) models have been solved to analyze the resonant behavior and the effects of energy confinement at different temperatures depending on geometry. The separation and suppression of spurious modes, the improvement of the Q-factor and the confinement of the TSM could be shown. The simulated effects of energy confinement could be proofed by impedance measurements.
Early-onset sarcoidosis gets the nod (2005)

Comment on Kanazawa et al, page [1195][1] 

Missense mutations of Nod2/CARD15 are associated with the development of Blau syndrome. Kanazawa and colleagues provide evidence that similar mutations of Nod2 are associated with early-onset sarcoidosis, demonstrating a casual link between these 2
Circulatory Support of Cardiac Interventional Procedures with the Hemopump<sup>TM</sup> Cardiac Assist System (1994)

The Hemopump is a catheter-mounted mechanical circulatory assist device which can support the majority of the circulation and significantly reduce left-ventricular work. It can be introduced via a peripheral artery or the ascending aorta. The following is an overview of the operation of the Hemopump and the results of a clinical trial in which the Hemopump was used to treat cardiogenic shock. In addition, the results of pilot experiences using the Hemopump for circulatory support during aorto-coronary artery surgery and high-risk angioplasty will be discussed.
Greek sign language recognition for an education platform (2023)

Abstract Recent advances in sign language (SL) technologies, along with demand for SL education, have led to increased interest in developing tools that enable automatic assessment of learners’ SL video productions, helping both students and their instructors. At the very least, such tools should perform automatic SL recognition (SLR) of non-studio quality videos in a signer-independent (SI) fashion, thus providing simple binary feedback on learners’ signing under realistic usage scenarios. Motivated by the above and the lack of any such tools for the Greek SL (GSL), we have been developing the “SL-ReDu” education platform for both receptive and productive GSL learning and student assessment. In this paper, we present our SLR module for GSL, developed for and integrated to the “SL-ReDu” system. The module incorporates state-of-the-art deep-learning based visual detection, feature extraction, and classification, operates in an SI mode on web-cam videos, and accommodates a small-size vocabulary of isolated signs and continuously fingerspelled letter sequences. We train the module on collected GSL data and demonstrate its superiority over a number of alternative SLR algorithms. We then conduct its objective evaluation within the “SL-ReDu” system and carry out a subjective evaluation of the overall platform, obtaining very satisfactory results in both.
C-glycosylated pyrroles and their application in dipyrromethane and porphyrin synthesis (2021)

Pyrrole C-glycosylated in either the 2- or the 3-position could be prepared by the acid-catalyzed reaction between trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors and pyrrole, or [Formula: see text]-phenyl-tri?uoroacetimidate glucosyl donor and [Formula: see text]-TIPS pyrrole, respectively. Pyrroles carrying glucose, mannose, galactose and lactose in the 2-position, and glucose in the 3-position were obtained. The configurations of the products could be assigned using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. A number of undesired background reactions yielding a variety of stereo- and regioisomers were identified; in several cases these could be eliminated. Glycosylpyrroles could be incorporated into mono- and diglycosylated dipyrromethanes, a diglycosylated BODIPY dye, and a monoglycosylated Zn(II) porphyrin without damaging the sugar unit.
Immunological assessment of an insecticide resistance-associated esterase in the Western corn rootworm (2005)

In previous investigations, we have determined that organophosphate resistance in the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is at least partially attributed to a group of non-specific carboxylesterases referred to as group II. Antiserum raised against a purified 66-kDa group II esterase is specific for the denatured enzyme. This antiserum reacts similarly with both beetle homogenates from resistant and susceptible populations, although there is much higher signal intensity in immunoblots of resistant relative to susceptible beetles. These results suggest that overproduction of group II esterases is the underlying basis of esterase-mediated resistance in D. v. virgifera by demonstrating that (1) group II esterases are immunologically indistinguishable between the resistant and susceptible populations, and (2) the intensity differences are due to increased group II esterase proteins in the resistant population. The diagnostic potential of immunological-based assays was tested with a traditional diagnostic concentration bioassay and a biochemical-based native PAGE assay. Significant correlations were observed among all three diagnostic assays (regression coefficients ranging from 0.95 to 0.96). These results demonstrate the importance of the 66-kDa protein as a resistance-associated biochemical marker, thus emphasizing the potential for 66-kDa protein-targeted immunoassays in resistance monitoring programs.