gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-dispatch in the Java virtual machine: design and implementation (2001)

Mainstream object-oriented languages, such as C++ and Java, provide only a restricted form of polymorphic methods, namely single-receiver dispatch. In common programming situations, programmers must work-around this limitation. We detail how to extend the Java Virtual Machine to support multiple-dispatch and examine the complications that Java imposes on multiple-dispatch in practice. Our technique avoids changes to the Java programming language itself, maintains source-code and library compatibility, and isolates the performance penalty and semantic changes of multiple-dispatch to the program sections which use it. We have micro-benchmark and applicationlevel performance results for a dynamic Most Specic Applicable (MSA) dispatcher, two table-based dispatchers (Mul- tiple Row Displacement (MRD) and Single Receiver Projections (SRP)), and a tuned SRP dispatcher. Our generalpurpose technique provides smaller dispatch latency than equivalent programmer-written double-dispatch code. 1...
Semi-supervised Learning by Entropy Minimization (2004)

We consider the semi-supervised learning problem, where a decision rule is to be learned from labeled and unlabeled data. In this framework, we motivate minimum entropy regularization, which enables to incorporate unlabeled data in the standard supervised learning. Our approach in-cludes other approaches to the semi-supervised problem as particular or limiting cases. A series of experiments illustrates that the proposed solu-tion benefits from unlabeled data. The method challenges mixture mod-els when the data are sampled from the distribution class spanned by the generative model. The performances are definitely in favor of minimum entropy regularization when generative models are misspecified, and the weighting of unlabeled data provides robustness to the violation of the “cluster assumption”. Finally, we also illustrate that the method can also be far superior to manifold learning in high dimension spaces. 1
Potentiation by 1-α,25-0ihydroxyvitamin D3 of Cytotoxicity to HL-60 Cells Produced by Cytarabine and Hydroxyurea (1986)

A short (4-hr) exposure to 1-4 X 10(-7) M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [(1,25(OH)2D3); 1-alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol] induced transient differentiation in a clone (R2AB2) of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) but caused no permanent growth impairment and no detectable cytotoxicity. This treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 also produced an inhibition of DNA synthesis that was promptly reversed when 1,25(OH)2D3 was removed. When such treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 immediately followed a sublethal exposure to drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis, including the cancer chemotherapeutic agents cytarabine and hydroxyurea, the proportion of HL-60 cells lethally damaged was increased. This finding was demonstrated by morphologic evidence of cell damage and disintegration, an increased permeability to trypan blue, loss of cells from culture, and a reduced clonogenic potential of the treated cells. Exposure to 1,25(OH)2D3 before treatment with a cytotoxic agent had a slightly protective rather than a damaging effect. These observations suggest that the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3 markedly reduces the capacity of HL-60 cells to repair DNA damage or to reduce the intracellular concentration of cytotoxic agents.
Controllable Synthesis of Stable Urchin-like Gold Nanoparticles Using Hydroquinone to Tune the Reactivity of Gold Chloride (2011)

We reported an aqueous synthesis of urchin-like gold nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of hydroquinone through a seed-mediated growth approach. By altering the feed ratio of hydroquinone, seeds, and additional HAuCl4, the diameters of urchin-like NPs were tunable from 55 to 200 nm. Accordingly, the centers of surface plasmon resonance absorption shifted from 555 to 702 nm. Systematical analysis revealed that the generation of urchin-like particles as well as their size evolution strongly depended on the reactivity of gold ions, mainly controlled by the concentration of hydroquinone. At low hydroquinone concentration, only spherical particles were achieved. The increase of the hydroquinone concentration promoted a kinetics-favored deposition of gold atoms on the (111) lattice planes and thereby the growth of branches. Moreover, the as-prepared urchin-like particles possessed good structural stability, which could be kept in the growth solution for more than 10 days without morphology variation.
Cavity-photon dispersion in one-dimensional confined microresonators with an optically anisotropic cavity material (2011)

The impact of the optical anisotropy of the cavity material on the cavity-photon dispersion was investigated for one-dimensional (1D) confined microresonators. This is relevant for birefringent cavity materials such as GaN or ZnO. An analytical expression for the dispersion of the cavity-photon mode in energy and broadening was derived. In the general case, two cavity-photon modes appear in each of the TE- and TM-polarized spectra. These two modes correspond to the two electromagnetic waves which propagate within the cavity medium having the same energy however differing in their propagation direction and velocity. We show that the anisotropy has a strong impact on the TE-TM splitting. Even for the case where the optical axis is oriented perpendicularly to the layer interface the influence of the anisotropy on the TE-TM splitting is in the same order of magnitude as the splitting itself. Therefore, optical anisotropy of the cavity cannot be neglected for a precise description of the cavity-photon mode energy. We applied this model to an all-oxide microresonator with a ZnO cavity and found a good agreement with the experimentally observed dispersion of the cavity-photon modes.
Microfluidic Single‐Cell Analysis with Affinity Beads (2015)

A micrometer-sized affinity bead (red) is (i) taken up into a cell by phagocytosis, (ii) photochemically released from phagosomes, (iii) optically trapped by the cell, and (iv) isolated by cell lysis for subsequent analysis of captured intracellular analyte (green).
Orthotopic Liver Transplantation for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (1988)

The incidence or diagnostic rate of sclerosing cholangitis is increasing. Because of the lack of effective medical or surgical therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease and sclerosing cholangitis, results with orthotopic liver transplantation were examined. The results of 55 consecutive liver replacements for this disease were reviewed. The 1- and 2-year actuarial survival rates are 71% and 57%, respectively. Orthotopic liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease from sclerosing cholangitis has emerged as the most effective therapy.
Validating a therapy-oriented complication grading system in lumbar spine surgery: a prospective population-based study (2017)

The aim of the present study was to validate a therapy-oriented complication grading system in a well-defined neurosurgical patient population in which complications may entrain neurological deficits, which are severe but not treated. The prospective patient registry of the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Zurich provides extensive population-based data. In this study we focused on complications after lumbar spine surgeries and rated their severity by Clavien-Dindo grade (CDG). Analyzing 138 consecutive surgeries we noted 44 complications. As to treatment, CDG correlated with the length of hospital stay and treatment cost. As to patient outcome, CDG correlated with performance and outcome (McCormick). The present study demonstrates the correlation between outcome scales and the CDG. While the high correlation of CDG with costs seems self-evident, the present study shows this correlation for the first time. Furthermore, the study validates the CDG for a surgical subspecialty. As a further advantage, CDG registers any deviation from the normal postoperative course and allows comparison between surgical specialties.
Do we need blood transfusion in elective infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. (2004)

he discovery of the human immune deficiency virus, the risk of transmission of hepatitis C virus and the immunosuppressive effect of blood transfusion made the surgeons use every effort to avoid or minimize the use of blood and it’s products. It has been a supposition that any aortic surgery has to have a form of blood transfusion method available routinely,1 and most of the studies now are focusing on the autologous blood transfusion especially the cell saver to decrease or eliminate the need for allogenic blood.2 Unfortunately, autologous blood transfusion methods are expensive and in fact their routine use in elective infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (EIAAA) repair, which constitute approximately 80% of aortic surgery was not shown to be cost effective. In this observational study, our aim was to evaluate our method of using meticulous surgical technique and avoiding hypothermia to decrease the rate of blood transfusion in EIAAA repair and to identify preoperative predictors. The charts of 72 patients were reviewed. All underwent EIAAA repair consecutively at our institution over a 3-year-period from January 1997 to December 1999. One surgical team using the same protocol did all repairs. All patients were cross-matched with 4 units of blood preoperatively. A standard midline laparotomy incision was used. Minimal aortic dissection, distal to the left renal vein and proximal to both common iliac arteries was carried out. All patients were given 5,000u of heparin 5 minutes before clamping, and reversed with protamine sulfate after the release of clamps. The comorbid conditions, preoperative hemoglobin (Hb), intraoperative hemodynamics, blood loss and an intraoperative Hb level less than 9, all were used as basis for transfusion. Patient’s age, sex, vascular risk factors and the aneurysm characteristics by computed tomography scan for size, calcifications and iliac involvement, were recorded. Pre and postoperative Hb, discharge Hb, type of repair, blood loss, hospital stay, perioperative morbidities and mortalities were compared between patients who received blood and those who did not. Seventy-two patients underwent repair of EIAAA over 3 years. Average age was 74 with the range of 54-89 years. Seventeen patients were more than 80 years old. Fifty-five (73%) of patients were males. There were no significant differences between transfused and non-transfused patients in risk factors. Thirty-nine (54%) patients had tube repair, 28 (39%) had aortobi-iliac bypass and 5 (7%) had aortobifemoral bypass. No significant difference Minor
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Empowered Device-to-Device Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks (2020)

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a new and revolutionary technology to achieve spectrum-, energy- and cost-efficient wireless networks. This paper studies the resource allocation for RIS-empowered device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying a cellular network, in which an RIS is employed to enhance desired signals and suppress interference between paired D2D and cellular links. We maximize the overall network's spectrum efficiency (SE) (i.e., sum rate of D2D users and cellular users) and energy efficiency (EE), respectively, by jointly optimizing the resource reuse indicators, the transmit power and the RIS's passive beamforming, under the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio constraints and other practical constraints. To solve the non-convex problems, we first propose an efficient user-pairing scheme based on relative channel strength to determine the resource reuse indicators. Then, the transmit power and the RIS's passive beamforming are jointly optimized to maximize the SE by a proposed iterative algorithm, based on the techniques of alternating optimization, successive convex approximation, Lagrangian dual transform and quadratic transform. Moreover, the EE-maximization problem is solved by an alternating algorithm integrated with Dinkelbach's method. Also, the convergence and complexity of both algorithms are analyzed. Numerical results show that the proposed design achieves significant SE and EE enhancements compared to traditional underlaying D2D network without RIS and other benchmarks.
The Bitter Constituents of Navel and Valencia Oranges (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Bitter Constituents of Navel and Valencia OrangesRalph H. HigbyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 12, 3013–3018Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01279a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01279a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dilute bismide / dilute nitride type ii quantum wells: Novel strain-balanced heterostructures for GaAs-based near- and mid-infrared photonics (2017)

We demonstrate a new class of GaAs-based type II quantum wells based on the highly mis-matched III–V semiconductor alloys GaAs <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> Bi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> and GaNyAs <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-y</inf> . We theoretically quantify and analyse the available design space for the growth of GaAs <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> Bi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> /GaN <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</inf> As <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-y</inf> type II structures on GaAs. Our calculations indicate that, for alloy compositions and layer thicknesses comparable with epitaxial growth, these heterostructures offer optical emission and absorption at wavelengths up to 3 µm as well as the ability to grow strain-balanced structures. We present the results of experimental measurements on a GaAs <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> Bi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> /GaNyAs <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-y</inf> (x = 3.3%, y = 6.25%) structure, grown via metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate good structural quality, which is confirmed by the observation of photoluminescence and optical absorption at room temperature. The measured photoluminescence peak wavelength of 1.72 µm, which is in good agreement with theoretical calculations is, to our knowledge, the longest emission wavelength that has been observed to date using a pseudomorphically grown GaAs-based quantum confined heterostructure.
An Improved SLM Method Based on Chaotic Phase Sequences (2009)

As orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has the advantage of anti-fading, high spectrum efficiency, low error rate, etc, it has been used more and more in wireless communication system. However, OFDM has the drawback of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), thus how to reduce PAPR effectively is becoming a research hotspot. Although the random phase sequences generated by traditional selected mapping (SLM) scheme have good performance, they need to transmit much side information which increases the complexity of the system. An improved SLM method, whose random phase sequences produced by three-dimensional chaotic sequences, is proposed to reduce side information largely. The phase sequences can be acquired at receiving terminal by transmitting only an initial value and three parameters. Experimental results show that the PAPR performance of the system gotten by this method is better than that of traditional SLM obviously.
Facile and cost-effective production of microscale PDMS architectures using a combined micromilling-replica moulding (μMi-REM) technique (2016)

We describe a cost-effective and simple method to fabricate PDMS-based microfluidic devices by combining micromilling with replica moulding technology. It relies on the following steps: (i) microchannels are milled in a block of acrylic; (ii) low-cost epoxy adhesive resin is poured over the milled acrylic block and allowed to cure; (iii) the solidified resin layer is peeled off the acrylic block and used as a mould for transferring the microchannel architecture onto a PDMS layer; finally (iv) the PDMS layer is plasma bonded to a glass surface. With this method, microscale architectures can be fabricated without the need for advanced technological equipment or laborious and time-consuming intermediate procedures. In this manuscript, we describe and validate the microfabrication procedure, and we illustrate its applicability to emulsion and microbubble production.
Speckle-field digital polarization holographic microscopy (2019)

We present a new polarization holographic microscopy technique based on speckle-field illumination with enhanced spatial resolution and controlled coherent noise reduction. The proposed technique employs a spatial light modulator for the generation of a sequential speckle pattern for the illumination of the sample. The developed microscope is capable of simultaneous extraction of orthogonal polarization components of the field emanating from the sample. We demonstrate the potential features of the technique by presenting spatially resolved images of the known samples and the inhomogeneous anisotropic samples. The technique has substantial significance in biomedical imaging with digital auto-focusing and complex field imaging.
9 Supramolecular chemistry (2004)

The following short review covers some of the advances in supramolecular chemistry for the year 2003 and, as was the case with the previous reviews in this series, is not a comprehensive treatment of the literature. The review is split into three sections that cover molecular recognition, structure and assembly and potential future applications.
Solid‐state polymerization of N‐carboxy‐L‐leucine anhydride crystals in n‐hexane (1976)

Abstract 4‐Isobutyloxazolidinedione, L ‐leucine N ‐carboxy anhydride, was polymerized to produce high molecular weight polymer with triethylamine in n ‐hexane which is not a solvent for the N ‐carboxy anhydride and poly‐ L ‐leucine. It was found that as the crystal size became smaller, the total surface area was increased, the initial rate of polymerization was increased, and inherent viscosity of the formed polymer was decreased.
Fabrication of a miniature 8K-bit memory chip using electron-beam exposure (1975)

A fully-ion-implanted miniature 8192-bit random-access memory chip has been fabricated using electron-beam lithography with minimum linewidth between 1 and 1.5 μm and advanced Si FET technology. Device structure, processing steps, mask transfer, and reactive ion etching processes capable of fabricating device structures in the micrometer and submicrometer dimensions are described. With a minimum linewidth of 1.25 μm, the memory chip occupies an area of 1.1×1.6 mm with an array density of 5 million bits/in.2 (0.8 million bits/cm2). A typical readout access time of 90 ns was measured on a functional chip.
Preparation and Properties of Lauric Acid/SiO_2 Phase Change Energy Storage Composite Materials (2010)

Lauric acid was imbedded into the net of silicon dioxide(SiO2) to preparing lauric acid/silicon dioxide phase change energy storage composite material by sol-gel method.In such a composite,lauric acid served as a latent heat storage material and silicon dioxide acts as a supporting material.The structure,morphology,and thermal performance of the composite were characterized by IR,SEM and DSC.The results showed that the composite containing 69.1%(mass fraction) lauric acid had a melting temperature of 43.1℃ and latent heat of 104.64J/g.Lauric acid was uniformly imbedded into the net of silicon dioxide without melted leakage from the composite.The thermal conductivity of the phase change material could be improved effectively by using silicon dioxide as a supporting material.
Multiplex acquisition approach for high speed 3D measurements with a chromatic confocal microscope (2015)

A technical realization of a multispectral camera is proposed, by multiplexing a light source with six different spectra. A monochrome line scan camera with six pixel rows is used as detector. The special feature of this acquisition approach is its high speed capability. The scan speed is as high as the frame rate of the line scan camera and not affected by the multiplexing. As application a chromatic confocal microscope was build up. From a data acquisition perspective up to 284 million 3D points per second can be measured. A real time signal processing is proposed, too.
Applications of Metallocenes in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries for Overcharge Protection (1992)

One problem encountered in the development of rechargeable lithium batteries is the protection of individual cells from overcharging. In this work the addition of metallocene derivatives to cell electrolytes to provide overcharge protection was investigated. Eleven ferrocene derivatives were studied in terms of their redox potentials and mass transport properties in electrochemical cells and "AA"‐size rechargeable cells employing in 50/50 volume percent propylene carbonate/ethylene carbonate (PC/EC) as the electrolyte. The chemical and electrochemical properties of these metallocene derivatives were also studied in terms of the chemical stability of the derivatives toward cell components and electrochemical reversibility in long‐term cycling studies. It was found that adsorption of one derivative, dimethylaminomethylferrocene, on the electrode ( based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherm), blocked the intercalation of Li+ ions into the electrode.