gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A resilient and secure software platform and architecture for distributed spacecraft (2014)

A distributed spacecraft is a cluster of independent satellite modules flying in formation that communicate via ad-hoc wireless networks. This system in space is a cloud platform that facilitates sharing sensors and other computing and communication resources across multiple applications, potentially developed and maintained by different organizations. Effectively, such architecture can realize the functions of monolithic satellites at a reduced cost and with improved adaptivity and robustness. Openness of these architectures pose special challenges because the distributed software platform has to support applications from different security domains and organizations, and where information flows have to be carefully managed and compartmentalized. If the platform is used as a robust shared resource its management, configuration, and resilience becomes a challenge in itself. We have designed and prototyped a distributed software platform for such architectures. The core element of the platform is a new operating system whose services were designed to restrict access to the network and the file system, and to enforce resource management constraints for all non-privileged processes Mixed-criticality applications operating at different security labels are deployed and controlled by a privileged management process that is also pre-configuring all information flows. This paper describes the design and objective of this layer.
Pharmacokinetics of Saquinavir Hard-Gel/Ritonavir and Atazanavir When Combined Once Daily in HIV Type 1-Infected Individuals Administered Different Atazanavir Doses (2006)

The pharmacokinetics and short-term safety of atazanavir 150 and 200 mg, when coadministered with saquinavir/ritonavir 1600/100 mg once daily, were evaluated. On day 1, atazanavir 150 mg once daily, was added to saquinavir/ritonavir regimens and sampling was performed to evaluate saquinavir, ritonavir, and atazanavir pharmacokinetics (day 11). Atazanavir was increased to 200 mg and pharmacokinetic assessment repeated (day 30). Geometric mean ratios (GMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to compare saquinavir, ritonavir, and atazanavir pharmacokinetic parameters in the present study and for 14 of the subjects treated with saquinavir/ritonavir 1600/100 mg once daily without and with atazanavir 300 mg who participated in a previous trial. Geometric mean (GM) saquinavir AUC0-24, Ctrough, and Cmax were 30,589 and 32,312 ng . h/ml, 166 and 182 ng/ml, and 4267 and 4261 ng/ml when coadministered with atazanavir 150 and 200 mg (n = 18). On days 11 and 30, saquinavir and atazanavir Ctrough remained >100 ng/ml in 13/18, 14/18, 18/18, and 17/18 patients. Among the above mentioned 14 subjects, significant increases in saquinavir Ctrough (87%, 92%, 99%), Cmax (40%, 55%, 44%), and AUC0-24 (51%, 60%, 63%) were observed with atazanavir 300, 150, and 200 mg. Ritonavir AUC0-24 and Cmax were significantly increased with the addition of atazanavir 300 mg only. Atazanavir enhances saquinavir and ritonavir by a mechanism that requires elucidation. While saquinavir enhancement was apparently independent of atazanavir dose, atazanavir 300 mg produced an increase in ritonavir Cmax, which is not observed with lower atazanavir doses. Atazanavir-related hyperbilirubinemia was dose dependent. However, higher saquinavir and atazanavir exposure may be required to suppress HIV-resistant strain replication.
Query Portals: Dynamically Generating Portals for Web Search Queries (2009)

Many informational web search queries seek information about named entities residing in structured databases. The information about entities that a user is seeking could be available from the structured database, or from other web pages. For example, consider an informational query such as [lowlight digital cameras]. A large structured database consisting of products may contain several products that are relevant for the user’s query. Surfacing a set of the most relevant products to the user and then enabling her to obtain more information about one or more of them would be very useful. Ideally, we would like a portallike functionality which provides an overview of all relevant products, and further allows drill down on them. The need for structured data search is illustrated by the proliferation of vertical search engines for products [3, 1], celebrities [2], etc. Current web search engines already federate queries to one or more structured databases containing information about named entities products, people, movies and locations. Each structured database is searched individually and the relevant structured data items are returned to the web search engine. The search engine gathers the structured search results and displays them along side the web search results. However, this approach does not enable a portal-like functionality due to two key limitations. Incomplete Results: Current federated search over each structured database is “silo-ed” in that it exclusively uses the information in the structured database to find matching entities. That is, the query keywords are matched only against the information in the structured database. The results from the structured database search are therefore independent of the results from web search. We refer to this type of structured data search as silo-ed search. While the silo-ed search works well for some queries, it would return incomplete or even empty results for a broad class of queries. Consider the query [lowlight digital cameras] against a product database containing the name, description, and technical specifications for each product. Canon EOS Digital Rebel Xti may be a relevant product but the query keyword {lowlight} may not occur in its name, description or technical specifications. Silo-ed search over the above product database would fail to return this relevant product. Reviews of the product may describe it using those keywords and can help deduce that the product is relevant to the query. However, the structured database may not contain the com-
Impact of Birth Weight on Familial Aggregation of End-Stage Renal Disease (2003)

The clustering of either high BW or low BW within multiply affected ESRD families does not account for the observed familial aggregation of ESRD. In addition, high BW was associated with a reduced familial aggregation of ESRD.
Expression of Tropomyosin 1 Gene Isoforms in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines (2015)

Nine malignant breast epithelial cell lines and 3 normal breast cell lines were examined for stress fiber formation and expression of TPM1 isoform-specific RNAs and proteins. Stress fiber formation was strong (++++) in the normal cell lines and varied among the malignant cell lines (negative to +++). Although TPM1γ and TPM1δ were the dominant transcripts of TPM1, there was no clear evidence for TPM1δ protein expression. Four novel human TPM1 gene RNA isoforms were discovered (λ, μ, ν, and ξ), which were not identified in adult and fetal human cardiac tissues. TPM1λ was the most frequent isoform expressed in the malignant breast cell lines, and it was absent in normal breast epithelial cell lines. By western blotting, we were unable to distinguish between TPM1γ, λ, and ν protein expression, which were the only TPM1 gene protein isoforms potentially expressed. Some malignant cell lines demonstrated increased or decreased expression of these isoforms relative to the normal breast cell lines. Stress fiber formation did not correlate with TPM1γ RNA expression but significantly and inversely correlated with TPM1δ and TPM1λ expression, respectively. The exact differences in expression of these novel isoforms and their functional properties in breast epithelial cells will require further study.
Pressure studies of alkali, alkaline earth and rare earth doped C{sub 60} superconductors (1994)

Pressure studies of the superconducting transition temperature T{sub c} of the alkali metal doped C{sub 60} compounds helped to establish a universal curve of T{sub c} versus lattice constant upon which nearly all of these materials lie. Various theoretical schemes incorporate this finding and suggest that only the lattice parameter and not the details of the dopant determine T{sub c}. Ca{sub 5}C{sub 60}, the highest T{sub c} member of the alkaline earth doped C{sub 60} superconductor has a T{sub c} which lies on this universal curve so this material, from these considerations, should have the same large negative pressure derivative as the alkali doped superconductors. We have measured dT{sub c}/dP for Ca{sub 5}C{sub 60} and for Yb{sub x}C{sub 60} (x near 3) and find small and positive values indicating that the theoretical models must be expanded to include band structure effects.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Severe Cholera-like Disease (1971)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Severe Cholera-like Disease R. Bradley Sack, R. Bradley Sack From the Johns Hopkins University Center for Medical Research and Training, the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, and the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Calcutta, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sherwood L. Gorbach, Sherwood L. Gorbach From the Johns Hopkins University Center for Medical Research and Training, the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, and the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Calcutta, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John G. Banwell, John G. Banwell From the Johns Hopkins University Center for Medical Research and Training, the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, and the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Calcutta, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Benedicta Jacobs, Benedicta Jacobs From the Johns Hopkins University Center for Medical Research and Training, the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, and the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Calcutta, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. D. Chatterjee, B. D. Chatterjee From the Johns Hopkins University Center for Medical Research and Training, the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, and the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Calcutta, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rupak C. Mitra Rupak C. Mitra From the Johns Hopkins University Center for Medical Research and Training, the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, and the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Calcutta, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 123, Issue 4, April 1971, Pages 378–385, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/123.4.378 Published: 01 April 1971 Article history Received: 31 August 1970 Revision received: 04 January 1971 Published: 01 April 1971
Tc-99 Adsorption on Selected Activated Carbons - Batch Testing Results (2010)

CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company (CHPRC) is currently developing a 200-West Area groundwater pump-and-treat system as the remedial action selected under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act Record of Decision for Operable Unit (OU) 200-ZP-1. This report documents the results of treatability tests Pacific Northwest National Laboratory researchers conducted to quantify the ability of selected activated carbon products (or carbons) to adsorb technetium-99 (Tc-99) from 200-West Area groundwater. The Tc-99 adsorption performance of seven activated carbons (J177601 Calgon Fitrasorb 400, J177606 Siemens AC1230AWC, J177609 Carbon Resources CR-1240-AW, J177611 General Carbon GC20X50, J177612 Norit GAC830, J177613 Norit GAC830, and J177617 Nucon LW1230) were evaluated using water from well 299-W19-36. Four of the best performing carbons (J177606 Siemens AC1230AWC, J177609 Carbon Resources CR-1240-AW, J177611 General Carbon GC20X50, and J177613 Norit GAC830) were selected for batch isotherm testing. The batch isotherm tests on four of the selected carbons indicated that under lower nitrate concentration conditions (382 mg/L), Kd values ranged from 6,000 to 20,000 mL/g. In comparison. Under higher nitrate (750 mg/L) conditions, there was a measureable decrease in Tc-99 adsorption with Kd values ranging from 3,000 to 7,000 mL/g. The adsorption data fit both the Langmuir and the Freundlich equations. Supplemental tests were conducted using the two carbons that demonstrated the highest adsorption capacity to resolve the issue of the best fit isotherm. These tests indicated that Langmuir isotherms provided the best fit for Tc-99 adsorption under low nitrate concentration conditions. At the design basis concentration of Tc 0.865 µg/L(14,700 pCi/L), the predicted Kd values from using Langmuir isotherm constants were 5,980 mL/g and 6,870 mL/g for for the two carbons. These Kd values did not meet the target Kd value of 9,000 mL/g. Tests conducted to ascertain the effects of changing pH showed that at pH values of 6.5 and 7.5, no significant differences existed in Tc-adsorption performance for three of the carbons, but the fourth carbon performed better at pH 7.5. When the pH was increased to 8.5, a slight decline in performance was observed for all carbons. Tests conducted to ascertain the temperature effect on Tc-99 adsorption indicated that at 21 ºC, 27 ºC, and 32 ºC there were no significant differences in Tc-99 adsorption for three of the carbons. The fourth carbon showed a noticeable decline in Tc-99 adsorption performance with increasing temperature. The presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the source water did not significantly affect Tc-99 adsorption on either of two carbons tested. Technetium-99 adsorption differed by less than 15% with or without VOCs present in the test water, indicating that Tc-99 adsorption would not be significantly affected if VOCs were removed from the water prior to contact with carbon.
Possible factors illuminating increased disparities in neonatal mortality in Wisconsin from 1991-2005. (2007)

Wisconsin infant mortality rates are largely driven by neonatal deaths. This shows an urgent need to develop effective public health interventions to prevent early neonatal deaths. To reduce racial/ethnic disparities in NMRs, the design of the interventions should also take into account the variation of the effects of birth weight and gestation age on neonatal mortality among racial/ethnic groups. It is hoped the result of this study will provide a critical understanding: when it comes to racial/ethnic disparities, there is far more to low birth weight or short gestational age than simply not having enough weight or days.
Elucidating dynamics and mechanism of cyclic bioreaction networks using topologically-equivalent electrical circuits (2022)

A novel methodology is established to convert a set of elementary chemical reactions into topologically-equivalent electrical circuits. The circuit analog is then simulated to elucidate the dynamics of complex cyclic bionetworks. The pyramidal reaction network catalyzed by the universal enzyme dihydrofolate reductase – which has important pharmacological and medical relevance in connection with cancer therapy – is used to illustrate the application of our model. The finite number of mechanisms, sub-cycles, or graphs constituting the cyclic network are analyzed, their contribution to the overall steady-state reaction rate determined, and the most probable mechanism is identified. The developed methodology is elegant, modular, and permits representation and visualization of network structure and topology at a glance. It can handle linear and nonlinear kinetics/rate laws, does not require simplifying assumptions such as use of the quasi-steady-state/Bodenstein approximation or the absence of nonlinear kinetic steps in the intermediates, and is suitable for coupling and integration with other flux-based reaction models.
Crystal Structure of the Cytomegalovirus DNA Polymerase Subunit UL44 in Complex with the C Terminus from the Catalytic Subunit (2005)

The human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase is composed of a catalytic subunit, UL54, and an accessory protein, UL44, which has a structural fold similar to that of other processivity factors, including herpes simplex virus UL42 and homotrimeric sliding clamps such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Several specific residues in the C-terminal region of UL54 and in the "connector loop" of UL44 are required for the association of these proteins. Here, we describe the crystal structure of residues 1-290 of UL44 in complex with a peptide from the extreme C terminus of UL54, which explains this interaction at a molecular level. The UL54 peptide binds to structural elements similar to those used by UL42 and the sliding clamps to associate with their respective binding partners. However, the details of the interaction differ from those of other processivity factor-peptide complexes. Crucial residues include a three-residue hydrophobic "plug" from the UL54 peptide and Ile(135) of UL44, which forms a critical intramolecular hydrophobic anchor for interactions between the connector loop and the peptide. As was the case for the unliganded UL44 structure, the UL44-peptide complex forms a head-to-head dimer that could potentially form a C-shaped clamp on DNA. However, the peptide-bound structure displays subtle differences in the relative orientation of the two subdomains of the protein, resulting in a more open clamp, which we predicted would affect its association with DNA. Indeed, filter binding assays revealed that peptide-bound UL44 binds DNA with higher affinity. Thus, interaction with the catalytic subunit appears to affect both the structure and function of UL44.
Interactive Dynamic Simulations with Co-Located Maglev Haptic and 3D Graphic Display (2013)

Abstract—We have developed an system which combines realtime dynamic simulations, 3D display, and magnetic lev-itation to provide high-fidelity co-located haptic and graphic interaction. Haptic interaction is generated by a horizontal array of cylindrical coils which act in combination to produce arbitrary forces and torques in any direction on magnets fixed to an instrument handle held by the user, according to the position and orientation sensed by a motion tracking sensor and the dynamics of a realtime physical simulation. Co-located graphics are provided by a thin flat screen placed directly above the coil array so that the 3D display of virtual objects shares the same volume as the motion range of the handheld instrument. Shuttered glasses and a head tracking system are used to preserve the alignment of the displayed environment and the interaction handle according to the user’s head position. Interactive demonstration environments include rigid bodies with solid contacts, suspended mass-spring-damper assemblies, and deformable surfaces. Keywords-haptics, interaction, simulation I.
Image potential and ion trajectories in secondary-ion mass spectrometry (1981)

The angle and energy distributions of Ni+ ions ejected from ion-bombarded Ni(001) $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}$ are shown to be in excellent agreement with classical trajectory calculations for Ni atoms if the calculations are corrected for the presence of an image force. Two important consequences of this observation are that the ionization probability ${R}^{+}$ is nearly isotropic and that it is only weakly dependent on particle velocity. These constraints impose severe restrictions on proposed ionization theories.
HYDRATION PROCESS AND STATES OF PROTON-CONTAINING SPECIES IN DOUBLE PEROVSKITE Ba4Ca2Nb2-хРхO11 (2016)

The hydrated solid solutions Ba 4 Ca 2 Nb 2- х Р х O 11 studied by thermogravimetry, and IR spectroscopy. It was found that the samples are able to reversible dissolution of water vapour, this process is accompanied by appearing in structure nonequivalent ОН  -groups with different hydrogen-bonds. The protonic defects concentration reduces with increasing of phosphorus content and the concentration of different ОН  -groups is redistributed. Concentration of hydroxyl groups involved in the strong hydrogen bonds (less thermally stable) decreases first.
Efficient and accurate likelihood for iterative image reconstruction in x-ray computed tomography (2003)

We report a novel approach for statistical image reconstruction in X-ray CT. Statistical image reconstruction depends on maximizing a likelihood derived from a statistical model for the measurements. Traditionally, the measurements are assumed to be statistically Poisson, but more recent work has argued that CT measurements actually follow a compound Poisson distribution due to the polyenergetic nature of the X-ray source. Unlike the Poisson distribution, compound Poisson statistics have a complicated likelihood that impedes direct use of statistical reconstruction. Using a generalization of the saddle-point integration method, we derive an approximate likelihood for use with iterative algorithms. In its most realistic form, the approximate likelihood we derive accounts for polyenergetic X-rays and poisson light statistics in the detector scintillator, and can be extended to account for electronic additive noise. The approximate likelihood is closer to the exact likelihood than is the conventional Poisson likelihood, and carries the promise of more accurate reconstruction, especially in low X-ray dose situations.
Reduction of basement membrane thickening in diabetic cat retina by sulindac. (1990)

Capillary basement membrane thickening is one of the earliest histologic lesions in diabetic retinopathy. Its pathogenesis is not understood; however, recent evidence suggests that aldose reductase may play a role. In this study, a new animal model, the diabetic cat, was used to determine whether retinal capillary basement membrane thickening occurred early in the course of hyperglycemia, and if so, whether it could be inhibited by sulindac, an aldose reductase inhibitor. Retinal capillary basement membrane thickness was significantly increased in diabetic cats compared to normal cats (114 +/- 15 vs 72 +/- 12 nm, mean +/- SD) [corrected]. Basement membrane thickness was significantly less in sulindac-treated diabetic cats (93 +/- 9 nm) compared to the untreated diabetic cats (114 +/- 15 nm). In addition, quantitation of endothelial cells, pericytes, and contacts between endothelial cells and pericytes in electron micrographs revealed that they were not reduced in number in untreated diabetic cats compared to normal or sulindac-treated diabetic animals.
Use of the Fonseca's questionnaire to assess the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders in brazilian dental undergraduates (2007)

This study to assessed the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) by means of the frequency distribution of data for 218 dentistry students from a Brazilian public university using the Fonseca's questionnaire. The group consisted of 96 men and 122 women, with an average age of 20 years. Of the students, 53.21% showed some level of TMD: 35.78% mild TMD 11.93% moderate and 5.5% severe. Women were the most affected group, with 63.11% showing some level of TMD, against 40.62% of men. When considering only severe TMD, women are approximately 9 times more affected than men. Students with any level of TMD showed marked characteristics: 76.72% considered themselves tense people; 71.55% reported to clench or grind their teeth; 65.52% reported clicking of the temporomandibular joint; 64.66% reported frequent headache and 61.21% neck pain. In conclusion, clinical signs and symptoms of TMD can occur in young population and this information is of great importance for the early diagnosis of the dysfunction.