gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological Phosphorus Removal in a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (2007)

Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) removal from municipal wastewater is performed to prevent or reduce eutrophication in the receiving water.\n\nBoth P and N can be removed physical/chemically as well as biologically. While biological processes have always dominated in N-removal, chemical P-removal is used in many cases. Biological P-removal using enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is normally carried out in suspended culture (activated sludge) processes while biological N-removal (through nitrification and denitrification) can be done in biofilm processes as well. There are, however, potential advantages related to sludge separation and required reactor volumes, which suggest that a pure biofilm process can be an interesting alternative to activated sludge for biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal.\n\nThe scope of this study was to investigate use of the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process for biological phosphorus removal. The goal has been to describe the operating conditions required for biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal in a MBBR operated as a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), and determine dimensioning criteria for such a process.\n\nLaboratory scale experiments were performed with constructed wastewater and verified in experiments with municipal wastewater. The results showed that biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal can be achieved in a moving bed biofilm reactor operated as a SBR. The required operating conditions will be dependant on the wastewater quality. Recommended first generation design criteria for a wastewater with a typical nutrient distribution: COD:N:P ~ 100:10:2 were found.\n\nOxalobacter sp. was probably the most common bacteria in the biomass and may be a phosphorus accumulating bacteria. This has not been reported previously, however, further studies are required to prove or disprove the possible involvement of Oxalobacter sp. in EBPR.
High Volume Fraction Carbide Reinforced Copper Matrix Composites for Sliding Contact Applications (2007)

This study deals with the processing, microstructure and properties of the carbide reinforced copper matrix composites. Powder technology was used to successfully fabricate the composites. NbC particulates were used as reinforcements for copper matrix. The microstructure of the composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The microstructural study revealed that the NbC particles were distributed uniformly in the matrix phase. No interface debonding and micro- cracks were observed in the composite. NbC particles were found in round shape in copper matrix composite. The composite hardness of 78 HRA was found with 60vol% NbC content. Electrical conductivity as high as 7%IACS was achieved. The wear performance and conductivity value predicts that NbC reinforced copper matrix composites can be used as sliding contact applications.
Viscous liquid barrier demonstration at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Linac Isotope Producer (2000)

Groundwater monitoring has detected tritium ({sup 3}H) and {sup 22}Na contamination down gradient from the Brookhaven LINAC Isotope Producer (BLIP), located at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Site characterization studies indicate that the BLIP is the source of contamination. The highest measured values for {sup 3}H were 52,400 pCi/L recorded less than 100 feet south (down gradient) of the BLIP facility. The BLIP produces radioisotopes that are crucial in nuclear medicine for both research and clinical use. The BLIP also supports research on diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. During operation a proton beam impinges a target (typically salts encapsulated in stainless steel) to produce the required radioisotopes. The proton beam is completely absorbed prior to reaching the soils surrounding the target shaft. However, secondary neutrons are produced that reach the soil causing activation products to form. Among the longer-lived isotopes of concern are tritium and {sup 22}Na. Both of these isotopes have the potential to negatively impact the groundwater below the BLIP. Several corrective actions have been implemented at the BLIP facility in response to tritium detection in the groundwater. The first actions were to improve surface water management (e.g. storm water down spouts) and the installation of a gunite cap around the BLIP facility. These measures are designed to minimize water flow through the activated soils in the vicinity of BLIP. In conjunction with these improvements, BNL is installing a close-proximity subsurface barrier in the activated soils beneath the BLIP facility. The barrier will prevent water migration through the activated soil zone as well as prevent activation product migration out of the zone. To minimize impacts on the operation of the BLIP requires in-situ barrier installation using low energy techniques that will not disturb the alignment of the BLIP or nearby accelerator beams. BNL chose an innovative barrier technology termed Viscous Liquid Barrier (VLB). This technology was developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory with funding from the US Department of Energy (EM-50). It uses low-pressure permeation grouting to deliver a colloidal-silica grout to the subsurface. The grout gels in place forming a barrier to liquid movement. MSE Technologies Applications (MSE-TA) has been tasked with designing, installing and verifying the barrier. This paper will discuss the problem faced at BLIP and detail the design and proposed installation of the VLB at the site.
Characterization of crack propagation during sonic IR inspection (2005)

Sonic IR is an emerging, thermal-based, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique. Typically a short burst of high power acoustical energy is injected into an object being studied and certain types of defects heat up and is detected using a thermal imaging camera. This inspection technique is very fast, lasting only a few seconds for total inspection time. However due to many uncertainties in the inspection process it has yet to be adopted widely by industry. There are many unknown parameters governing sonic IR, which need to be understood before it becomes a widely used NDE technique. This paper shows that under certain conditions cracks can grow when subjected to the sonic IR technique. We also examine the effects of various experimental parameters on the technique.
Fabrication of buried-type waveguide with optical gates by nano ion-exchange method (2010)

Buried-type optical waveguide with blanches for the gate of optical signals was fabricated by nano ion-exchange method using the probe of atomic force microscope (AFM) as an electrode. 2-step procedure of the electric field-assisted Ag/Na-ion exchange followed by K/Na one was applied to prepare the waveguide structure inside the glass substrate. Pt-coated AFM probe as a cathode was attached to the glass surface and Ag<sup>+</sup> ions in the core underneath the probe were partially extracted towards the glass surface. The protruding high index regions from the core towards the glass surface were found to work as the optical gate where the wavelength and intensity of light through the gate was determined by the condition of nano ion-exchange treatment.
Biarylcarbamoylindolines Are Novel and Selective 5-HT2C Receptor Inverse Agonists:  Identification of 5-Methyl-1-[[2-[(2-methyl-3-pyridyl)oxy]- 5-pyridyl]carbamoyl]-6-trifluoromethylindoline (SB-243213) as a Potential Antidepressant/Anxiolytic Agent (2000)

The evolution, synthesis, and biological activity of a novel series of 5-HT(2C) receptor inverse agonists are reported. Biarylcarbamoylindolines have been identified with excellent 5-HT(2C) affinity and selectivity over 5-HT(2A) receptors. In addition, (pyridyloxypyridyl)carbamoylindolines have been discovered with additional selectivity over the closely related 5-HT(2B) receptor. Compounds from this series are inverse agonists at the human cloned 5-HT(2C) receptor, completely abolishing basal activity in a functional assay. The new series have reduced P450 inhibitory liability compared to a previously described series of 1-(3-pyridylcarbamoyl)indolines (Bromidge et al. J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 1598) from which they evolved. Compounds from this series showed excellent oral activity in a rat mCPP hypolocomotion model and in animal models of anxiety. On the basis of their favorable biological profile, 32 (SB-228357) and 40 (SB-243213) have been selected for further evaluation to determine their therapeutic potential for the treatment of CNS disorders such as depression and anxiety.
Topology of multiple cross-linked Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chains (2022)

In polymer science, cross-linking of polymer chains yields a substantially modified system compared with the one-dimensional (1D) constituent chains, due to the increase of dimensionality and effective seeding by defects (cross-linking sites). Inspired by this concept, we analyze topological features of a unit cell of a generalized topological mesh comprised of several 1D Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) lattices cross-linked via a single site. The coupling site functions as a defect with protected states in the trivial regime and induces edges inside the bulk with protected localized states centered around it in the topological regime. When more than two lattices are coupled by the defect, namely, a graph dimensionality larger than one, the crossed chains support two types of localized eigenstates around the defect. One type is highly controllable by modifying the cross-linking strength, enabling broad tuning of eigenenergies from being submerged in the bulk band to becoming highly isolated and protected. We show that these unique features can be explained by an equivalence of the system to an SSH chain coupled nonreciprocally to an external reservoir, yielding a unique pseudospectrum for both the bulk and localized states, with spatially symmetric eigenstates. Applying non-Hermiticity by adding gain and loss to alternating sites, relevant, for example, to a possible realization of topological coupled-laser fabric, we observe an abrupt transition of the topologically protected midgap state from antilocalized to localized near the defect. By changing the gain-loss parameters, we observe a cascaded spatial symmetry breaking of the supported states at exceptional points where parity-time symmetry is broken, for both the localized and the bulk states, exhibiting various phases.
A wide-band magnetic tunable bandstop filter prototype with FeGaB/Al2O3 multilayer films (2015)

In this paper, we demonstrate a prototype of magnetic tunable bandstop filter by using magnetic multilayers of [FeGaB 25 nm/Al2O3 5 nm]4 prepared by magnetron sputtering. The multilayer structure exhibits a relatively low coercive field and RF loss compared to the single layer film with the same thickness. By placing a single transmission line on the top of magnetic multilayers, a prototype of tunable bandstop filter was fabricated and operates from 4.5 GHz to 7.08 GHz under very low magnetic bias fields from 100 Oe to 400 Oe. These low loss multilayer films are good candidates for RF/microwave applications.
Hand signal recognition for diver-machine interface (2004)

To have voice link with other diving partners or surface personnel, divers need to put on a communication mask. The second stage regulator or mouthpiece is equipped with a circuit to pick up the voice of the diver. Then the voice is frequency-modulated into ultrasonic signal to be transmitted into water. A receiver on the other side picks up the ultrasonic signal and demodulates it back to voice, and plays back in the diver's earphone set. This technology is mature but not widely adopted for its price. Most divers still use their favorite way to communicate with each other, i.e. DSL (diver's sign language). As more and more intelligent machines or robots are built to help divers for their underwater task, divers not only need to exchange messages with their human partners but also machines. However, it seems that there are not many input devices available other than push buttons or joysticks. We know that divers' hands are always busy with holding tools or gauges. Additional input devices will further complicate their movement; also distract their attention for safety measures. With this consideration, this paper intends to develop an algorithm to read the DSL as input commands for computer-aided diving system.
[MRI scan of striatum volume in healthy adults]. (2010)

Bilateral age-related shrinkage of the striatum is found in healthy adults, which is more evident in men than that in women. In both sexes, significant leftward asymmetry in volume of the caudate nucleus and the putamen is found.
Recensie van: Nationalisme in België. Identiteiten in beweging, 1780-2000. Over Belgen, Vlamingen, Walen, Franstaligen, Brusselaars, Duitstaligen, Fransen, Groot-Nederlanders en Nieuwe Belgen / Kas Deprez, Louis Vos (1999) (2000)

recensie
pH Optimum of Hemagglutinin-Mediated Membrane Fusion Determines Sensitivity of Influenza A Viruses to the Interferon-Induced Antiviral State and IFITMs (2017)

The replication and pathogenicity of influenza A viruses (IAVs) critically depend on their ability to tolerate the antiviral interferon (IFN) response. To determine a potential role for the IAV hemagglutinin (HA) in viral sensitivity to IFN, we studied the restriction of IAV infection in IFN-β-treated human epithelial cells by using 2:6 recombinant IAVs that shared six gene segments of A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 virus (PR8) and contained HAs and neuraminidases of representative avian, human, and zoonotic H5N1 and H7N9 viruses. In A549 and Calu-3 cells, viruses displaying a higher pH optimum of HA-mediated membrane fusion, H5N1-PR8 and H7N9-PR8, were less sensitive to the IFN-induced antiviral state than their counterparts with HAs from duck and human viruses, which fused at a lower pH. The association between a high pH optimum of fusion and reduced IFN sensitivity was confirmed by using HA point mutants of A/Hong Kong/1/1968-PR8 that differed solely by their fusion properties. Furthermore, similar effects of the viral fusion pH on IFN sensitivity were observed in experiments with (i) primary human type II alveolar epithelial cells and differentiated cultures of human airway epithelial cells, (ii) nonrecombinant zoonotic and pandemic IAVs, and (iii) preparations of IFN-α and IFN-λ1. A higher pH of membrane fusion and reduced sensitivity to IFN correlated with lower restriction of the viruses in MDCK cells stably expressing the IFN-inducible transmembrane proteins IFITM2 and IFITM3, which are known to inhibit viral fusion. Our results reveal that the pH optimum of HA-driven membrane fusion of IAVs is a determinant of their sensitivity to IFN and IFITM proteins.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The IFN system constitutes an important innate defense against viral infection. Substantial information is available on how IAVs avoid detection by sensors of the IFN system and disable IFN signaling pathways. Much less is known about the ability of IAVs to tolerate the antiviral activity of IFN-induced cellular proteins. The IFN-induced proteins of the IFITM family block IAV entry into target cells and can restrict viral spread and pathogenicity. Here we show for the first time that the sensitivity of IAVs to the IFN-induced antiviral state and IFITM2 and IFITM3 proteins depends on the pH value at which the viral HA undergoes a conformational transition and mediates membrane fusion. Our data imply that the high pH optimum of membrane fusion typical of zoonotic IAVs of gallinaceous poultry, such as H5N1 and H7N9, may contribute to their enhanced virulence in humans.
From fluid flow to coupled processes in fractured rock: recent advances and new frontiers (2021)

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This work has been accepted for publication in Reviews of Geophysics. Version of RecordESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary. Learn more about preprints. preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]From fluid flow to coupled processes in fractured rock: recent advances and new frontiersAuthorsHari SViswanathaniDJonathan BlairAjo-FranklinJens ThomasBirkholzerJames WilliamCareyiDYvesGuglielmiJeffrey De'HavenHymanSatishKarraLauraPyrak-NolteiDHariharRajaramiDGowriSrinivasanDaniel MTartakovskyiDSee all authors Hari S ViswanathaniDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorLos Alamos National Laboratory (DOE)iDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1178-9647view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJonathan Blair Ajo-FranklinRice Universityview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJens Thomas BirkholzerLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (DOE)view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJames William CareyiDLos Alamos National LaboratoryiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8488-2925view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressYves GuglielmiLawrence Berkeley National Laboratoryview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJeffrey De'Haven HymanLos Alamos National Laboratory (DOE)view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressSatish KarraLos Alamos National Laboratory (DOE)view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressLaura Pyrak-NolteiDPurdue UniversityiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6826-5214view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressHarihar RajaramiDJohns Hopkins UniversityiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2040-358Xview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressGowri SrinivasanLos Alamos National Laboratory (DOE)view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressDaniel M TartakovskyiDStanford UniversityiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9019-8935view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address
Delayed Lead Perforation: A Disturbing Trend (2005)

Based on these cases, we recommend a management scheme for patients who present with delayed lead perforation.
High-Throughput Recovery and Characterization of Metagenome-Derived Glycoside Hydrolase-Containing Clones as a Resource for Biocatalyst Development (2019)

Functional metagenomics is a powerful tool for both the discovery and development of biocatalysts. This study presents the high-throughput functional screening of 22 large-insert fosmid libraries containing over 300,000 clones sourced from natural and engineered ecosystems, characterization of active clones, and a demonstration of the utility of recovered genes or gene cassettes in the development of novel biocatalysts. Screening was performed in a 384-well-plate format with the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl cellobioside, which releases a fluorescent molecule when cleaved by β-glucosidases or cellulases. The resulting set of 164 active clones was subsequently interrogated for substrate preference, reaction mechanism, thermal stability, and optimal pH. The environmental DNA harbored within each active clone was sequenced, and functional annotation revealed a cornucopia of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. Evaluation of genomic-context information revealed both synteny and polymer-targeting loci within a number of sequenced clones. The utility of these fosmids was then demonstrated by identifying clones encoding activity on an unnatural glycoside (4-methylumbelliferyl 6-azido-6-deoxy-β-d-galactoside) and transforming one of the identified enzymes into a glycosynthase capable of forming taggable disaccharides.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The generation of new biocatalysts for plant biomass degradation and glycan synthesis has typically relied on the characterization and investigation of one or a few enzymes at a time. By coupling functional metagenomic screening and high-throughput functional characterization, we can progress beyond the current scale of catalyst discovery and provide rapid annotation of catalyst function. By functionally screening environmental DNA from many diverse sources, we have generated a suite of active glycoside hydrolase-containing clones and demonstrated their reaction parameters. We then demonstrated the utility of this collection through the generation of a new catalyst for the formation of azido-modified glycans. Further interrogation of this collection of clones will expand our biocatalytic toolbox, with potential application to biomass deconstruction and synthesis of glycans.
Seizure outcome after surgery for epilepsy due to malformation of cortical development (2000)

Surgery can offer seizure-free outcome for approximately one half of carefully selected patients with intractable focal epilepsy due to MCD. Complete resection of the MRI-apparent lesion may improve the likelihood for favorable outcome. MRI evidence of hemimegalencephaly or bilateral MCD suggests a low likelihood for postoperative freedom from seizures.
ChemInform Abstract: ZINC(II)‐PROMOTED REDUCTION OF KETONES BY 1‐METHYL‐1,4‐DIHYDROPYRIDINES (1981)

Abstract Zn(II)‐ fördert die Reduktion von nichtaktiviertenKetonen und Aldehyden, z.B. (II) oder (VII), durch methylsubstituierte 1‐Methyl‐l ,4‐dihy(lropyridine, z.B. (I) oder (VI); die Koordination der Dihydropyridine mit dem Metall, die über die Kern‐N‐Atome erfolgt, ist dabei für den Wasserstofftransport wesentlich.
Abstract 15589: Mitochondrial Metabolites Predict Cardiovascular Outcomes and Heart Failure in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Vascular Disease: A Tecos Substudy (2020)

Introduction: People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) have a large burden of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, but the likelihood of these outcomes varies and existing risk calculators do not fully capture risk for individuals. Hypothesis: Circulating metabolites characterizing mitochondrial dysfunction may be novel predictors for CV outcomes. Methods: We performed targeted mass-spectrometry metabolite profiling (45 acylcarnitines, 15 amino acids) on baseline plasma samples from 568 cases (498 with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and 131 with incident hospitalization for heart failure (hHF)) and 568 matched controls (without events) from the patients assigned to placebo in Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS). Matching was based on history of HF, coronary artery disease, BMI, hemoglobin A1C, creatinine, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting status and ejection fraction. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used for dimensionality reduction, and conditional logistic regression to determine association of PCA factors with MACE or hHF and for individual metabolites within significant factors (false discovery rate q&lt;0.05) Results: Of 12 PCA-derived metabolite factors, three were associated significantly with MACE or hHF; these factors were composed of: 1) short-chain dicarboxylacylcarnitines and long chain acylcarnitines (OR 1.50, q=0.03); 2) medium chain acylcarnitines (OR 1.28, q=0.001); 3) C5:1 and one medium-chain dicarboxylacylcarnitine (OR 1.17, q=0.03). Of these three factors, none were significantly associated with the individual components of MACE. Ten individual metabolites, including short- and medium-chain dicarboxylacylcarnitines and medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines, remained significantly associated with MACE (q&lt;0.05). Two metabolites, one short-chain dicarboxylacylcarnitine and one medium-chain acylcarnitine were associated with hHF (q&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Metabolites reporting on dysregulated mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and endoplasmic reticulum stress are elevated in individuals with DM who progress to MACE and/or hHF. These biomarkers may improve CV risk prediction in DM patients and help highlight emerging risk mechanisms.
DesinFix TM 135 in fermentation process for bioethanol production (2014)

Brazil has the world's largest ethanol production from sugarcane, but bacterial contamination decreases the ethanol yields. It was shown that the biocide DesinFix™ 135 can reduce the contamination without decreasing the yeasts' viability or negatively affecting the ethanol production.