gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypothesis testing for families of ergodic processes (2006)

General sufficient conditions for the discernibility of two families of stationary ergodic processes are derived. The conditions involve the weak topology for stationary processes. They are analogous in several respects to existing conditions for the discernibility of families of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) processes, but require a more refined type of topological separation in the general case. As a first application of the conditions, it is shown how existing discernibility results for i.i.d. processes may be extended to a countable union of uniformly ergodic families. In addition, it is shown how one may use hypothesis testing to study polynomial decay rates for covariance-based mixing conditions.
Ganglioside Composition of Synaptic Vesicles from Torpedo Electric Organ (1988)

We have studied the ganglioside content and pattern of synaptic vesicles isolated from the electric organs of two species of Torpedinidae, Torpedo californica and Torpedo marmorata. The ganglioside concentrations were high relative to protein content (77 and 58 micrograms of N-acetylneuraminic acid/mg of protein, respectively), owing to the low protein-to-lipid ratio; however, they were also appreciable in relation to phospholipid (15.6 and 10.0 micrograms of N-acetylneuraminic acid/mg of phospholipid). The fact that a membrane fraction that separated from synaptic vesicles of T. californica on a controlled-pore glass-bead column and constituted the main potential source of contamination in this preparation had a lower ganglioside content and a different TLC pattern than synaptic vesicles indicated the relatively high purity of the latter. Most of the gangliosides from synaptic vesicles of both species migrated on TLC in the vicinity of standards with three or more sialic acids. Synaptosomes from T. marmorata had a higher lipid N-acetylneuraminic acid/phospholipid ratio and a different TLC pattern than synaptic vesicles. Considering these results and other data appearing recently in the literature, we suggest that reexamination of synaptic vesicles from mammalian brain for the possible presence of gangliosides is warranted.
RetroDepth (2014)

We present RetroDepth, a new vision-based system for accurately sensing the 3D silhouettes of hands, styluses, and other objects, as they interact on and above physical surfaces. Our setup is simple, cheap, and easily reproducible, comprising of two infrared cameras, diffuse infrared LEDs, and any off-the-shelf retro-reflective material. The retro-reflector aids image segmentation, creating a strong contrast between the surface and any object in proximity. A new highly efficient stereo matching algorithm precisely estimates the 3D contours of interacting objects and the retro-reflective surfaces. A novel pipeline enables 3D finger, hand and object tracking, as well as gesture recognition, purely using these 3D contours. We demonstrate high-precision sensing, allowing robust disambiguation between a finger or stylus touching, pressing or interacting above the surface. This allows many interactive scenarios that seamlessly mix together freehand 3D interactions with touch, pressure and stylus input. As shown, these rich modalities of input are enabled on and above any retro-reflective surface, including custom "physical widgets" fabricated by users. We compare our system with Kinect and Leap Motion, and conclude with limitations and future work.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Antibody Response to Yersinia pestis by use of a Novel Whole Proteome Microarray (47.3) (2007)

Abstract A novel proteome microarray representing the majority of the 4086 Yersinia pestis KIM proteins was produced by high-throughput expression and purification. Rabbit hyper-immune sera were produced against proteomes extracted from several pathogenic gram-negative bacteria for use in validation assays. The antibody profile from each of the rabbits enabled detection of: shared cross-reactive proteins signature proteins common for two or more bacteria, and fingerprint proteins specific to each pathogen. Unique proteins were recognized by convalescence sera from mice that survived plague following immunization with the experimental F1-V vaccine. Several new antigens were discovered that were recognized by antibody from rhesus that survived plague, whereas these Y. pestis proteins were not recognized by sera from animals surviving challenge with spores of the gram-positive Bacillus anthracis. Finally, analysis of sera from cynomolgus macaques acutely infected with Y. pestis or Bacillus anthracis produced antibody-binding patterns that were unique biomarkers for each disease. Our results demonstrate that the whole proteome microarray platform is very useful for establishing diagnostic biomarkers, detecting antibody responses to proteins that could potentially show promise in vaccine development, and also for determining the degree of antigen-cross reactivity between different strains or species of bacteria.
PARCEL (2014)

Today's web page download process is ill suited to cellular networks resulting in high page load times and radio energy usage. While there have been notable prior attempts at tackling the challenge with assistance from proxies (cloud), achieving a responsive and energy efficient browsing experience remains an elusive goal. In this paper, we make a fresh attempt at addressing the challenge by proposing PARCEL. PARCEL splits functionality between the mobile device and the proxy based on their strengths, and in a manner distinct from both traditional browsers and existing cloud-heavy approaches. We conduct extensive evaluations over an operational LTE network using a prototype implementation of PARCEL. Our results show that PARCEL reduces page load times by 49.6%, and radio energy consumption by 65% compared to traditional mobile web browsers. Further, our results show PARCEL continues to perform well under client interactions, owing to its judicious functionality split.
Maximizing propylene production via FCC technology (2015)

This review looks at the main processes available for the production of light olefins with a focus on maximizing the production of propylene. Maximization of propylene production has become the focus of most refineries because it is in high demand and there is a supply shortage from modern steam crackers, which now produce relatively less propylene. The flexibility of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) to various reaction conditions makes it possible as one of the means to close the gap between supply and demand. The appropriate modification of the FCC process is accomplished by the synergistic integration of the catalyst, temperature, reaction-residence time, coke make, and hydrocarbon partial pressure. The main constraints for maximum propylene yield are based on having a suitable catalyst, suitable reactor configuration and reaction conditions.
Nanophononics (2017)

Concerns about sufficient availability of fossil sources in the near future to satisfy the increasing demand for energy, along with an increasing consciousness about global warming and emission-related climate change, have further pushed research and technology development of the so-called renewable energy sources. Solar energy is by far the most widely used of such sources. Photovoltaic (PV) cells have actually undergone an impressive efficiency enhancement over the last decades, stepping up from ~13% in 1977 (single-junction, nonconcentrated single-crystalline solar cells) to 140the current record efficiency of 44% in concentrated, three-junction lattice-matched solar cells [1]. At the same time, solar energy costs have dropped from 77 USD/W (1977) to 0.30 USD/W (2015) [2]. Currently, PV research is addressing two major avenues, namely that of further enhancing PV efficiency and that of developing cells based on noncritical raw materials. On the former side, spectral matching is pursued. Actually, as will be shown in greater detail in Section 7.4, optimal photon energy conversion is achieved only for photons with energy very close to the PV material energy bandgap E g. Thus, enhanced efficiency may be obtained either by stacking materials with different E g in multijunction cells or by reshaping the solar spectrum so as to increase the spectral fraction that may be more efficiently converted into electric energy by a given set of PV materials. On the latter side, instead, new PV materials have surfaced over the last years, including solid solutions such as the CIGS (CuIn x Ga1-x Se2) [3] and the CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4-x Se x) family [4].
Stochastic memristive devices for computing and neuromorphic applications (2013)

Nanoscale resistive switching devices (memristive devices or memristors) have been studied for a number of applications ranging from non-volatile memory, logic to neuromorphic systems. However a major challenge is to address the potentially large variations in space and time in these nanoscale devices. Here we show that in metal-filament based memristive devices the switching can be fully stochastic. While individual switching events are random, the distribution and probability of switching can be well predicted and controlled. Rather than trying to force high switching probabilities using excess voltage or time, the inherent stochastic nature of resistive switching allows these binary devices to be used as building blocks for novel error-tolerant computing schemes such as stochastic computing and provides the needed "analog" feature for neuromorphic applications. To verify such potential, we demonstrated memristor-based stochastic bitstreams in both time and space domains, and show that an array of binary memristors can act as a multi-level "analog" device for neuromorphic applications.
H2Addition to Pincer Iridium Complexes Yieldingtrans-Dihydride Products: Unexpected Correlations of Bond Strength with Bond Length and Vibrational Frequencies (2018)

<sup>R4</sup>PONOP-Ir-Me (<sup>R</sup>1) and <sup>R4</sup>POCOP-Ir-CO (<sup>R</sup>2), R = <sup>t</sup>Bu or <sup>i</sup>Pr, are known to undergo acid-catalyzed oxidative addition of H<sub>2</sub> that yields octahedral products with two hydrides in a trans-configuration. We use density functional theory to study the free energies (Δ G<sub>trans</sub>) and equilibrium isotope effects (EIE<sub>trans</sub>) for H<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>2</sub> addition to <sup>R</sup>1, <sup>R</sup>2, and related complexes for R = <sup>t</sup>Bu, <sup>i</sup>Pr, and Me. For a given R, reaction of <sup>R</sup>1 is ∼5 kcal/mol more exergonic than <sup>R</sup>2. For a given subclass of complexes, Δ G<sub>trans</sub> is more exergonic for the smaller R. The computed values of Δ G<sub>trans</sub> vary between +5.1 and -17.4 kcal/mol. EIE<sub>trans</sub> varies between 0.78 and 1.22. Counterintuitively, it is the less-exergonic reactions that afford products with shorter Ir-H bonds, greater symmetric and asymmetric trans-Ir-(H)<sub>2</sub> stretching vibrational frequencies, and more inverse EIE<sub>trans</sub>. This disparity is amplified in <sup>Me4</sup>PONOP-Os-CO, where Δ G<sub>trans</sub> is -35.2 kcal/mol, yet the Os-H bonds are long, and the Os-H vibrational frequencies are low as compared with the Ir-H bonds, and EIE<sub>trans</sub> is high (1.20). Attempts are made to account for the inverted bond strength-bond length correlation based on the hydricity of the products and the total negative charge on the trans-Ir(H)<sub>2</sub> unit as computed using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: SPIROHETEROCYCLISCHE CYCLOALKAN‐DERIVATE 9. MITT. 8‐(1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDRO‐2‐NAPHTHYL)‐2‐OXO‐1‐OXA‐3,8‐DIAZA‐SPIRO(4,5)DECANE UND AEHNLICHE VERBINDUNGEN (1973)

Abstract Untersucht wird die Herstellung von Verbindungen, die 2‐Oxo‐1‐oxa‐3,8‐diazaspiro(4,5)decane (I) als Rest enthalten.
Highly efficient narrow-band green and red phosphors enabling wider color-gamut LED backlight for more brilliant displays (2015)

In this contribution, we propose to combine both narrow-band green (β-sialon:Eu(2+)) and red (K(2)SiF(6):Mn(4+)) phosphors with a blue InGaN chip to achieve white light-emitting diodes (wLEDs) with a large color gamut and a high efficiency for use as the liquid crystal display (LCD) backlighting. β-sialon:Eu(2+), prepared by a gas-pressure sinteing technique, has a peak emission at 535 nm, a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 54 nm, and an external quantum efficiency of 54.0% under the 450 nm excitation. K(2)SiF(6):Mn(4+) was synthesized by a twe-step co-precipitation methods, and exhibits a sharp line emission spectrum with the most intensified peak at 631 nm, a FWHM of ~3 nm, and an external quantum efficiency of 54.5%. The prepared three-band wLEDs have a high color temperature of 11,184 - 13,769 K (i.e., 7,828 - 8,611 K for LCD displays), and a luminous efficacy of 91 - 96 lm/W, measured under an applied current of 120 mA. The color gamut defined in the CIE 1931 and CIE 1976 color spaces are 85.5 - 85.9% and 94.3 - 96.2% of the NTSC stanadard, respectively. These optical properties are better than those phosphor-cpnverted wLED backlights using wide-band green or red phosphoprs, suggesting that the two narrow-band phosphors investigated are the most suitable luminescent materials for achieving more bright and vivid displays.
Isolation Of Dense Bodies From Human Blood Platelets On Metrizamide Gradient (1981)

In view of the prominent role of dense bodies in platelet activation suggested by the platelet dysfunctions observed in storage pool diseases, we have developed a method for the isolation of human platelet dense bodies, using mepa- crine to follow the purification. Each step of the purification (washing procedures, lysis and subcellular separation) has been controlled in order to obtain the minimum release of these granules. Platelet lysates were centrifuged on a short two step discontinuous metrizamide gradient which allowed the attainment of a high density pellet. This pellet consisted of isolated mepacrine fluorescent granules which showed the typical appearance of dense bodies by electron microscopy. The granule pellet was relatively free from plasma membranes as estimated by the remaining (3H) -concanavalin A or 125I after labelling the whole platelets before the fractionation. The low contamination by other granule populations was estimated by the different assayed markers, β-glucuronidase, monoamine oxidase and platelet factor 4. The method is simple, reproducible and allows the highest enrichment in dense bodies obtained until now with human platelets(x 170 enrichment in calcium and x 110 enrichment in (14C) 5-HT after labelling the whole platelets as compared to the homogenate). Functional studies performed with the isolated granules showed a rapid accumulation of (14C)-5-HT, and the initial uptake was inhibited by reserpine but remained insensitive to imipramine. The technique can be applied to the study of inherited disorders where the serotonin uptake and release mechanism has to be clarified.
Genetic variation among 481 diverse soybean accessions, inferred from genomic re-sequencing (2021)

We report characteristics of soybean genetic diversity and structure from the resequencing of 481 diverse soybean accessions, comprising 52 wild (Glycine soja) selections and 429 cultivated (Glycine max) varieties (landraces and elites). This data was used to identify 7.8 million SNPs, to predict SNP effects relative to genic regions, and to identify the genetic structure, relationships, and linkage disequilibrium. We found evidence of distinct, mostly independent selection of lineages by particular geographic location. Among cultivated varieties, we identified numerous highly conserved regions, suggesting selection during domestication. Comparisons of these accessions against the whole U.S. germplasm genotyped with the SoySNP50K iSelect BeadChip revealed that over 95% of the re-sequenced accessions have a high similarity to their SoySNP50K counterparts. Probable errors in seed source or genotype tracking were also identified in approximately 5% of the accessions.
Private Inference Control. (2004)

Access control can be used to ensure that database queries pertaining to sensitive information are not answered. This is not enough to prevent users from learning sensitive information though, because users can combine non-sensitive information to discover something sensitive. Inference control prevents users from obtaining sensitive information via such “inference channels”, however, existing inference control techniques are not private- that is, they require the server to learn what queries the user is making in order to deny inference-enabling queries. We propose a new primitive- private inference control (PIC)- which is a means for the server to provide inference control without learning what information is being retrieved. PIC is a generalization of private information retrieval (PIR) and symmetrically-private information retrieval (SPIR). While it is straightforward to implement access control using PIR (simply omit sensitive information from the database), it is nontrivial to implement inference control efficiently. We measure the efficiency of a PIC protocol in terms of its communication complexity, its round complexity, and the work the server performs per query. Under existing cryptographic assumptions, we give a PIC scheme which is simultaneously optimal, up to logarithmic factors, in the work the server performs per query, the total communication complexity, and the number of rounds of interaction. We also present a scheme requiring more communication but sufficient storage of state by the server to facilitate private user revocation. Finally, we present a generic reduction which shows that one can focus on designing PIC schemes for which the inference channels take a particularly simple threshold form.
Overexpression of the CBF2 transcriptional Activator Enhances Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis Plants (2011)

The C-repeat/dehydration-responsive-element binding factor genes (CBF1-3) are transcriptional activatorsinvolved in governing plant responses to low temperatures; their overexpression enhances plant frost tolerance.We found that overexpression of CBF2 in Arabidopsis enhanced oxidative stress tolerance as compared withwild-type plants, an effect that was manifested in: increased seed germination rates on Petri dishes containingH2O2; delayed leaf senescence following incubation with H2O2; and delayed wilting and senescence afterspraying whole plants with paraquat, a generator of superoxide radicals. Transcript profiling analysis using theAffymetrix ATH1 genome array revealed that overexpression of CBF2 did not affect expression of reactiveoxygen-scavenging genes but rather, remarkably enhanced expression of oxidative-stress-responsivetranscription factor genes. Overall, the present findings suggest that overexpression of CBF2 in Arabidopsisenhances oxidative stress tolerance, most likely via activation of a network interaction among stress-relatedtranscription-factor genes.
Aromaticity and homoaromaticity of annulene ring carbomers (2001)

A simple electron count shows that the ring carbomers of (anti)aromatic [N]annulenes are (anti)aromatic according to the formal criterion of the Hückel rule. Basic VSEPR theory suggests that the ring carbomers of (anti)aromatic [N]annulenes should be (anti)aromatic according to the structural criterion, namely (dis)symmetry with respect to DNh. These predictions are here confirmed by DFT geometrical optimization at the B3PW91/6-31G** level. Calculations of the NICS at the center of the rings produce negative (respectively positive) values for singlet 4n + 2 (respectively 4n) and triplet 4n structures. The structural and magnetic aromaticity criteria are thus correlated. A relevant measure of energetic topological aromaticity is based on the Hückel method. The DFT πz levels are shown to vary with the corresponding HF levels with a universal slope and to closely correlate with the Hückel MO analysis. Values of the resonance integrals β are derived and Breslow's resonance energy (RE) is calculated. The latter is emphasized to represent the energetic effect of the ring-closing π overlap and thus the switch-on of a π ring current. The RE values of [N]annulenes vary with those of their carbomers in accordance with the Hückel rule. The πxy system in the carbomer rings thus has minimal effect with respect to the πz system. However, the DFT πxy levels are also correlated with the corresponding HF and Hückel levels: the weak degeneracy lifting with respect to the ideally isolated πxy MOs indicates a weak in-plane homoaromaticity.
Speech based automatic lie detection (2003)

This work studies the effect of the emotions that is experienced due to a guilt situation on different vocal parameters in an attempt to identify whether or not the suspect is lying. The homomorphic speech processing is applied to extract the vocal parameters related to the source excitation such as: pitch, pitch power and vowel duration and those related to the vocal tract such as: formant frequencies and its gain. Also the energy, as a global vocal parameter, is computed. The vocal parameters are extracted from normal speech utterances and from stressed utterances for the same suspect in order to determine the most significant vocal parameters that can be affected by emotional stress. The correlation coefficients were investigated between the pitch power and the digitized smoothed output of the psychological stress evaluator (PSE). More than a 0.8 correlation coefficient has been found. Six cases of real time criminal suspects cases were investigated throughout this work. Traditional lie detection questioning techniques were used to develop questionnaires for these criminal cases. Moreover, a case for an actor simulating different emotional states (downloaded from the Internet) was investigated for the effect of different emotions on the vocal parameters. Speech vocal parameters and the PSE Hirch & Wiegele (1981) scoring method were investigated for stress (due to anxiety or guilt). The pitch contour exhibits the most significant sensitivity for speech-based stressed/unstressed classification.
(Invited) Ionic Liquids in Separations and Mass Spectrometry (2016)

Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), are a class of nonmolecular ionic solvents with low melting points. Most common RTILs are composed of unsymmetrically substituted nitrogen-containing cations (e.g., imidazolium, pyrrolidinium, pyridinium) or phosphonium cations with inorganic anions (e.g., Clˉ, PF6ˉ, BF4ˉ). Most of these more common ILs are of limited use analytically. Consequently many ILs containing a variety of cations and anions of different sizes have been synthesized to provide specific characteristics. In this presentation an overview of the structure and properties of ILs and a description of their expanding use in various applications in separations, chromatography and mass spectrometry will be given. A number of studies have appeared indicating that ILs have exceptional promise as stationary phases. They have a dual nature selectivity in that they separate nonpolar molecules as would a nonpolar stationary phase and they separate polar molecules as would a polar stationary phase. Many ILs have exceptional thermal stability. They are being used increasingly in a variety of applications including 2-D GC, enantiomeric separations, the measurement of water in samples/solvents/materials and compact field GC units. ILs have proven to be the best liquid MALDI-MS matrix since we introduced them as such a few years ago. The properties of ILs that make them effective will be discussed. Further, the dications developed for high stability ILs have found another novel use in electrospray ionization (ESI) MS as a reagent for ultra sensitive anion analysis. These will be discussed as well.