gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A modular molecular framework for utility in small-molecule solution-processed organic photovoltaic devices (2011)

We report on the design, synthesis and characterization of light harvesting small molecules for use in solution-processed small molecule bulk heterojunction (SM-BHJ) solar cell devices. These molecular materials are based upon an acceptor/donor/acceptor (A/D/A) core with donor endcapping units. Utilization of a dithieno(3,2-b;2′,3′-d)silole (DTS) donor and pyridal[2,1,3]thiadiazole (PT) acceptor leads to strong charge transfer characteristics, resulting in broad optical absorption spectra extending well beyond 700 nm. SM-BHJ solar cell devices fabricated with the specific example 5,5′-bis{7-(4-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine}-3,3′-di-2-ethylhexylsilylene-2,2′-bithiophene (6) as the donor and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as the acceptor component showed short circuit currents above −10 mA cm−2 and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 3%. Thermal processing is a critical factor in obtaining favorable active layer morphologies and high PCE values. A combination of UV-visible spectroscopy, conductive and photo-conductive atomic force microscopies, dynamic secondary mass ion spectrometry (DSIMS), and grazing incident wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) experiments were carried out to characterize how thermal treatment influences the active layer structure and organization.
Complex-Natural-Resonance-Based Design of Chipless RFID Tag for High-Density Data (2013)

Each scatterer responds to the incident wave in a unique manner. The backscattered signal from the scatterer is affected by two distinct phenomena: early-time response which emanates from the scattering centers of the scatterer and late-time response which is the summation of the complex natural resonances (CNRs) with some weighting residues. Based on the singularity expansion method (SEM), CNRs are aspect-independent parameters which include some structural information of the scattering target. Based on this fact, the data can be embedded on the RFID tag as CNRs associated to the structural parameters. In this paper, a low-profile chipless RFID tag as a suitable device for high-density data is introduced. By incorporating several slots on the chipless RFID tag, the data can be encoded as CNRs on the structure. The designed RFID tag operates in the frequency band of 3.1-10.6 GHz. The data are decoded in the reader by applying short-time matrix pencil method (STMPM) to the transient backscattered response of the tag. In addition, the turn-on times, damping factors, and resonant frequencies of the poles are distinguished. After studying the effects of various parameters of the tag, a 24-bit tag is designed on the area of 24 × 24 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , simulated and measured. The measurement is performed in the frequency domain and, after applying inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), STMPM is employed to extract the signature of the tag. The tag is successfully read remotely via its scattered fields.
Understanding incentives for prefix aggregation in BGP (2009)

Over the last few years, a significant amount of the effort of the Future Internet architecture is devoted in order to improve the scalability of the next generation routing architecture. In this paper, we study providers' incentives to perform prefix aggregation or deaggregation of non-customers routes. This is essentially a trade-off between reduced router memory and reduced capacity of attracting customer traffic. We study the case where two ISPs compete for attracting traffic, by using game theory. In particular, we propose a game-theoretic model and we analyze the properties of the equilibrium. In a symmetric case, if a single Autonomous System (AS) is found to be deaggregating a given prefix, then all others will have the incentive to do the same, even if they end up with lower benefits. We find that pure equilibria do not always exist and we derive the conditions based on two model parameters. These findings suggest that BGP instability can be a common problem in a competitive scenario.
Supplementary Figures S1-6 from ErbB3–ErbB2 Complexes as a Therapeutic Target in a Subset of Wild-type BRAF/NRAS Cutaneous Melanomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-6 Supplemental Fig. S1. ErbB3 and ErbB4 expression in melanoma cell lines. Supplemental Fig. S2. Depletion of NRG1 inhibits ErbB3 downstream signaling and cell growth in WT/WT melanoma cell lines. Supplemental Fig. S3. Depletion of ErbB3 reduces AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Supplemental Fig. S4. huHER3-8 reduces AKT phosphorylation. Supplemental Fig. S5. Pertuzumab reduces phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 and inhibits cell growth. Supplemental Fig. S6. MEK inhibitors increase pertuzumab efficacy in xenografts.&lt;/p&gt;
The unique face-centered human strategy to search for people in the wild (2018)

Introduction: When identifying a person from a video of a single individual, humans rely on face but also body information (e.g., Hahn et al., 2015). Here, we investigate search for a person in cluttered outdoor videos containing other distractor people. We investigated the eye movements and contributions to the performance by different features: bodies, heads, and faces. Critically, we ask whether the human utilization of features reflects differences in discriminative information content across features or a strategy particular to humans. Methods: Sixty observers searched for two people (person 1, person 2, none) among distracting people in cluttered outdoor videos (6 sec.) in four conditions: intact, headless, faceless, and bodiless people. To objectively quantify the contributions to person identification by different features we utilized a foveated ideal observer (FIO; Peterson & Eckstein, 2012) and a deep neural network (DNN; He et al., 2016). FIO and DNN identification performance were obtained for still images from the videos. The DNN performance was also obtained for data that was pre-processed with a foveated system fixated on faces (DNN-FOV). Results: When the head was present in the videos human fixations heavily concentrated on the face. Observer identification performance degraded the most when removing faces or heads (intact = 0.78 ± 0.05 vs. faceless = 0.55 ± 0.07; headless = 0.52 ± 0.06) but much less without the bodies (0.73 ± 0.05). In contrast, FIO, DNN and DNN-FOV performance degraded as much or more for the bodiless condition. In a separate experiment, forcing humans to fixate away from the faces degraded accuracy. Conclusion: Eye movements to faces during person search serve to optimize accuracy. The face-centered human strategy is not related to higher information content in faces but likely arises as a byproduct of the importance of faces for other evolutionary critical tasks. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2018
Location is everything: The hemodynamic effects of REBOA in Zone 1 versus Zone 3 of the aorta (2018)

In our swine model of hemorrhagic shock, Zone 3 REBOA provided minimal proximal hemodynamic support when compared with Zone 1 REBOA, albeit with less ischemic burden and instability upon reperfusion. In cases of impending hemodynamic collapse, Zone 1 REBOA placement may be more efficacious regardless of injury pattern, whereas Zone 3 should be reserved only for relatively stable patients with ongoing distal hemorrhage.
The effect of scaling on the performance of elastomer composite actuators (2010)

Compact actuation that is integrated into a structure's material system has the potential to provide rapid structural reconfiguration while reducing weight. The effect of scale (diameter, overall length and segment length) on the performance of cylindrical fiber-reinforced McKibben-like Rubber Muscle Actuators (RMA) was investigated. An "activation" pressure was observed for all actuators at a value that depended upon the actuation construction. Upon pressurization past the activation threshold, the overall force, stroke, and work capacity increased with increasing actuation length and diameter. The actuation force per unit RMA cross-sectional area was predicted, and experimentally observed, to be roughly constant after activation. By segmenting a longer actuator, a larger contraction and lower actuation force could be achieved. Though actuation forces decreased as actuator diameter and length decreased, the force per unit actuator volume was shown to increase with decreasing diameter including a roughly 4-fold increase in force/volume between the 0.5" and 0.05" actuators. However, due to the small amount of total contraction for the smaller diameter actuators, the relative work per actuation volume was decreased by roughly 35% in comparing those same actuators. Thus, small diameter RMAs have great potential to provide needed linear actuation force within adaptive material systems.
Immersion and Invariance-Based Output Feedback Control of Air-Breathing Hypersonic Vehicles (2015)

A new output feedback control design for robust velocity and altitude tracking of an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle (AHSV) is presented in this paper. The control scheme is performed on the assumption that only partial states of AHSV are measurable. The key idea is to employ the immersion and invariance approach to design globally asymptotically stable observers for the unmeasurable states. For controller design, the whole control architecture is constructed using dynamic surface control, based on the decomposition of the longitudinal dynamics of AHSV into velocity and altitude subsystems. Stability analysis is presented using the Lyapunov theory. Representative simulations are carried out on the high-fidelity model, which illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme.
Postural stability evaluation of spatial wheeled mobile robots with flexible suspension over rough terrains (2008)

The mobility requirements on a rough terrain make a suspended wheeled mobile robot (SWMR) with multiple dexterous manipulators an appropriate choice. In this study, dynamics and stability appraisal of such systems will be discussed. First, based on Newton-Eulerpsilas formulation for a chain of rigid bodies, the closed-form dynamics model of such complicated systems in three dimensional maneuvers is developed. To this end, a sixteen degree-of-freedom SWMR is considered as a benchmark system. The studied platform contains both sprung and unsprung elements. The presented approach can take into account and add any kind of tire friction model. Next, using the obtained dynamics, the tip-over stability of such systems will be investigated. To this end, the new dynamic tip-over moment-height stability (MHS) measure will be extended for suspended wheeled mobile robotic systems. Proposing the concept of virtual structure, the obtained spatial model of SWMR has been employed to evaluate the behavior of the system on rough terrain in terms of its stability. Therefore the presented model and the MHS measure can be employed for stable planning and model-based control of autonomous SWMR during object manipulation tasks. In addition, the obtained simulation model provides an inexpensive tool for designers of such systems to examine the behaviors of them and optimize their various characteristics.
Pediatric Sarcomas Are Targetable by MR‐Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (MR‐HIFU): Anatomical Distribution and Radiological Characteristics (2016)

Many pediatric sarcomas are localized at diagnosis and are targetable by current MR-HIFU technology. Some children with neuroblastoma have bony tumors targetable by MR-HIFU at relapse, but few newly diagnosed children with neuroblastoma have tumors amenable to MR-HIFU therapy. Clinical trials of MR-HIFU should focus on patients with anatomically targetable tumors.
A Direct Coal-Fired 80 MW Utility Combustion Turbine-Status Report (1989)

The objective of this effort is to establish the technology required for private sector use of an advanced coal-fueled gas turbine power system. The system is to burn low-cost, utility-grade coal, and yet comfortably meet the EPA New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) for coal-fired steam generators. Plant thermal efficiency is to surpass competing coal-utilization cycles. Development of a successful high pressure slagging combustor is the key to meeting these objectives. As subcontractor to Westinghouse, Avco Research Laboratory/Textron (ARL) has designed and fabricated a subscale slagging combustor based on earlier MHD and boiler-type units. The new device is currently in a 12½-month developmental series of tests. Based on these series of tests, Westinghouse is to design, manufacture, and test a full-scale slagging combustor in a test cell at nominal field operating conditions. The activities described in this paper are sponsored by the Morgantown Energy Technology Center of the Department of Energy.
127.5 kbps Transmission using OLED with 7 kHz 3dB modulation bandwidth in visible light communication system (2015)

In this paper, a visible light communications (VLC) system prototype using OLED was realized and tested. Using simple DPPM technique and comparator, our prototype was able to transmit up to 127.5 kbps data rate using an OLED with only 7 kHz 3 dB modulation bandwidth. Exploiting the frequency response of OLED, we were able to achieve a better data rate to modulation bandwidth ratio than other recent reports using OLED for VLC.
Coupled 802.11 Flows in Urban Channels: Model and Experimental Evaluation (2012)

Contending flows in multihop 802.11 wireless networks compete with two fundamental asymmetries: 1) channel asymmetry, in which one flow has a stronger signal, potentially yielding physical layer capture; and 2) topological asymmetry, in which one flow has increased channel state information, potentially yielding an advantage in winning access to the channel. Prior work has considered these asymmetries independently with a highly simplified view of the other. However, in this paper, we perform thousands of measurements on coupled flows in urban environments and build a simple yet accurate model that jointly considers information and channel asymmetries. We show that if these two asymmetries are not considered jointly, throughput predictions of even two coupled flows are vastly distorted from reality when traffic characteristics are only slightly altered (e.g., changes to modulation rate, packet size, or access mechanism). These performance modes are sensitive not only to small changes in system properties, but also small-scale link fluctuations that are common in an urban mesh network. We analyze all possible capture relationships for two-flow subtopologies and show that capture of the reverse traffic can allow a previously starving flow to compete fairly. Finally, we show how to extend and apply the model in domains such as modulation rate adaptation and understanding the interaction of control and data traffic.
Tippers and stiffers: An analysis of tipping behavior in taxi trips (2017)

Tipping is a social norm in many countries and widely recognized as an anomalous behavior, in that a tip is common enough to have become expected when dealing with tipped industries (e.g., restaurants, bars, taxi trips), while at the same time defying rational-agent assumptions of economics. Such intriguing consumer behavior has led to its wide study across the world. However, most studies of tips and tipping behavior have suffered from a lack of data, relying on surveys and manually collected information. Here we analyze a dataset of 13 million taxi trips with their associated tips, in order to examine tips as they compare to the average income of the location from which the trip originated. We discovered that tipping behavior is temporally stable during either the time of the day or the day of the week. Also, when people tip, there is no statistically significant correlation between the amount tipped and the people's income. However, passengers who do not leave any tip (i.e., the stiffers) exhibit consistent patterns both temporally and spatially in which the highest frequency of stiffers occurs around 4am, and the tendency of a passenger to stiff the taxi driver presents a strong negative correlation with income. The understanding of social behavior is important in ubiquitous computing in particular in smart-city contexts. A more complete understanding of human behavior is intrinsically linked to our ability to develop smarter cities.
Results of Ulnar Shortening Osteotomy for Ulnocarpal Impaction Syndrome in Wrists with Neutral or Negative Ulnar Variance (2004)

Ulnocarpal impaction syndrome was diagnosed in six wrists of five patients with neutral or negative ulnar variance. All underwent ulnar shortening with satisfactory results. The average grip strength increased from 53% to 78% and the range of flexion–extension increased from 82% to 93%, the mean Cooney’s score improved from 25 to 83. These cases show that ulnocarpal impaction syndrome can occur in wrists with zero or negative ulnar variance, and that ulnar shortening is an effective treatment for such wrists.
Cereal-Based Snack Bar with Added Plant Stanol Ester (Benecol®) Consumed between Meals Lowers Serum Total and LDL Cholesterol Effectively in Mildly to Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Subjects (2018)

The cholesterol-lowering effect of foods with added plant sterols or stanols consumed as snacks might be compromised. The purpose of this study was to confirm the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a specially formulated cereal-based snack bar with added plant stanol ester (1.6 g plant stanols/day) when consumed between meals twice a day. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-week parallel-design study, 71 mildly to moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects were randomized into one of two groups, stanol or placebo group. Subjects were advised to replace their ordinary snacks with test products in an isocaloric manner and otherwise keep their habitual diet unchanged. The study showed that a snack bar product with added plant stanol ester lowered LDL and non-HDL cholesterol by 8.6% and 9.2% (mean%-change), respectively, as compared to the placebo product. The change in LDL cholesterol was statistically significantly different (<i>P</i> = 0.001) between the groups while the change in HDL cholesterol or triglycerides did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, the cereal-based snack bar with added plant stanol ester ingested without a meal reduced LDL cholesterol significantly without affecting HDL cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations in mildly hypercholesterolemic men and women. The study is registered as NCT03284918.
The future of WiMAX: Multihop relaying with IEEE 802.16j (2009)

Relaying and cooperation have re-emerged as important research topics in wireless communication over the past half-decade. Although multihop relaying for coverage extension in wireless networks is an old concept, it became practical only recently. Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the IEEE 802.16 working group, which has devoted a task group to incorporating relay capabilities in the foundation of mobile WiMAX-IEEE 802.16e-2005. Currently, this task group is in the process of finishing IEEE 802.16j, the multihop relay specification for 802.16. This amendment will be fully compatible with 802.16e-2005 mobile and subscriber stations, but a BS specific to 802.16j will be required for relays to operate. This article presents an introduction to the upcoming IEEE 802.16j amendment and provides insight about the obstacles that practical system designers face when incorporating relaying into a wireless broadband network.
Preoperative RAS Mutational Analysis Is of Great Value in Predicting Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (2015)

Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC), particularly the encapsulated subtype, often causes a diagnostic dilemma. We reconfirmed the molecular profiles in a large number of FVPTCs and investigated the efficacy of the preoperative mutational analysis in indeterminate thyroid nodules. BRAF V600E/K601E and RAS mutational analysis was performed on 187 FVPTCs. Of these, 132 (70.6%) had a point mutation in one of the BRAF V600E (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>57</mml:mn></mml:math>), BRAF K601E (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>11</mml:mn></mml:math>), or RAS (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>64</mml:mn></mml:math>) genes. All mutations were mutually exclusive. The most common RAS mutations were at NRAS codon 61. FNA aspirates from 564 indeterminate nodules were prospectively tested for BRAF and RAS mutation and the surgical outcome was correlated with the mutational status. Fifty-seven and 47 cases were positive for BRAF and RAS mutation, respectively. Twenty-seven RAS-positive patients underwent surgery and all except one patient had FVPTC. The PPV and accuracy of RAS mutational analysis for predicting FVPTC were 96% and 84%, respectively. BRAF or RAS mutations were present in more than two-thirds of FVPTCs and these were mutually exclusive. BRAF mutational analysis followed by N, H, and KRAS codon 61 mutational analysis in indeterminate thyroid nodules would streamline the management of patients with malignancies, mostly FVPTC.
Designing High Performance Systems-on-Chip [Wednesday keynote address] (2012)

Summary form only given, as follows. Experience state-of-the art design through the eyes of two experts that help shape these advanced chips! In this unique dual-keynote, the design process at two leading companies will be discussed. The speakers will cover key challenges, engineering decisions and design methodologies to achieve top performance and turn-around time. The presentations describe where EDA meets practice under the most advanced nodes, so will be of key interest to both designers and EDA professionals alike.
Quantification of neurotoxin BMAA (β-N-methylamino-L-alanine) in seafood from Swedish markets (2014)

The neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) produced naturally by cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates can be transferred and accumulated up the food chain, and may be a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. This study provides the first systematic screening of BMAA exposure of a large population through the consumption of seafood sold in metropolitan markets. BMAA was distinguished from known isomers by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry after acidic hydrolysis and derivatization. Using deuterium-labeled internal standard, BMAA was quantified as 0.01-0.90 μg/g wet weight of tissues in blue mussel, oyster, shrimp, plaice, char and herring, but was undetectable (<0.01 μg/g) in other samples (salmon, cod, perch and crayfish). Provided that the content of BMAA detected is relevant for intake calculations, the data presented may be used for a first estimation of BMAA exposure through seafood from Swedish markets, and to refine the design of future toxicological experiments and assessments.