gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vortex-scalar element calculations of a diffusion flame stabilized on a plane mixing layer (1987)

The vortex-scalar element method, a scheme which utilizes vortex elements to discretize the region of high vorticity and scalar elements to represent species or temperature fields, is utilized in the numerical simulations of a two-dimensional reacting mixing layer. Computations are performed for a diffusion flame at high Reynolds and Peclet numbers without resorting to turbulence models. In the nonreacting flow, the mean and fluctuation profiles of a conserved scalar show good agreement with experimental measurements. Results for the reacting flow indicate that for temperature independent kinetics, the chemical reaction begins immediately downstream of the splitter plate where mixing starts. Results for the reacting flow with Arrhenius kinetics show an ignition delay, which depends on reactant temperature, before significant chemical reaction occurs. Harmonic forcing changes the structure of the layer, and concomitantly the rates of mixing and reaction, in accordance with experimental results. Strong stretch within the braids in the nonequilibrium kinetics case causes local flame quenching due to the temperature drop associated with the large convective fluxes.
ChemInform Abstract: Π‐ACCEPTOR MACROCYCLES: NEW CROWN ETHERS CONTAINING ISOCYANIDE GROUPS (1985)

Abstract Nitroresorcin (I) und (II) cyclisieren zum Nitrokronenether (III), der durch Reduktion, Formylierung und Spaltung das Isonitril (IV) ergibt.
Tamoxifen with or without Breast Irradiation in Women 50 Years of Age or Older with Early Breast Cancer (2004)

As compared with tamoxifen alone, radiotherapy plus tamoxifen significantly reduces the risk of breast and axillary recurrence after lumpectomy in women with small, node-negative, hormone-receptor-positive breast cancers.
Inhibiting Metal Oxide Atomic Layer Deposition: Beyond Zinc Oxide (2017)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of several metal oxides is selectivity inhibited on alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au, and the eventual nucleation mechanism is investigated. The inhibition ability of the SAM is significantly improved by the in situ H<sub>2</sub>-plasma pretreatment of the Au substrate prior to the gas-phase deposition of a long-chain alkanethiol, 1-dodecanethiol (DDT). This more rigorous surface preparation inhibits even aggressive oxide ALD precursors, including trimethylaluminum and water, for at least 20 cycles. We study the effect that the ALD precursor purge times, growth temperature, alkanethiol chain length, alkanethiol deposition time, and plasma treatment time have on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ALD inhibition. This is the first example of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ALD inhibition from a vapor-deposited SAM. The inhibitions of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, ZnO, and MnO ALD processes are compared, revealing the versatility of this selective surface treatment. Atomic force microscopy and grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence further reveal insight into the mechanism by which the well-defined surface chemistry of ALD may eventually be circumvented to allow metal oxide nucleation and growth on SAM-modified surfaces.
Modeling the presunrise plasma heating in the low‐ to midlatitude topside ionospheres (2010)

Global distributions of presunrise ion heating were discovered by the Ionospheric Plasma and Electrodynamics Instrument onboard the ROCSAT‐1 satellite in the low‐ to midlatitude topside ionosphere. The most significant presunrise ion heating was clearly found in the 0400–0500 LT sector and asymmetrically located in the South Pacific and North Atlantic region during the June and December soltices, respectively. Local time variations of ion temperature from 0000 to 0600 LT indicate that the temperature of the presunrise heating increases gradually after its early onset. Despite the late onset of the sunrise heating, the temperature increases rapidly and goes beyond that of the presunrise heating after 0430 LT. To identify possible heating sources, electron temperature observed by the HINOTORI satellite is compared and found similar patterns to the distributions of the presunrise ion heating. With the aid of the SAMI2 model of the ionosphere, these distributions and the local time variations of the temperature at 600 km altitude can be reproduced. The presunrise plasma heating is caused by photoelectrons streaming along field lines from low altitudes of the sunlit magnetic conjugate ionosphere. The early onset of the presunrise heating is one of the main factors to maintain the plasma temperature higher before 0430 LT. In addition, abundant amounts of light ions act as proxies in the processes of the presunrise heating to indirectly transfer thermal energy from electrons to O + and to speed up the increase of O + temperature. Asymmetrical hemispheric temperature distributions of the presunrise heating during the solstices are the result mainly of the geomagnetic dipole offset from the center of the Earth.
The green hair problem: a preliminary investigation (1979)

The phenomenon of blond hair acquiring a green tint when exposed to swimming pool water containing copper is examined. The GREEN coloration is attributable to absorption of copper by HAIR which occurs when the former is present in the water in the form of a weak complex such as copper sulfate. Oxidation of the hair enhances copper absorption and pretreatment with a formulated quaternary ammonium compound inhibits the process. The green color cannot be stripped by subsequent shampooing.
Positive selection of thymocytes induced by gene transfer: MHC class II-mediated selection of CD8 lineage cells (1999)

Recombinant adenovirus vectors are powerful tools for inducing de novo gene expression in vivo. Here we have exploited them to study the specificity of CD4/CD8 lineage commitment during thymocyte positive selection, transferring MHC class II genes directly into thymi of mice deficient in both class I and II molecules. Expression of class II molecules was induced on cortical stroma, provoking the selection of a large population of mature CD4(+)CD8(-) cells, as expected, but also of a significant number of CD4(-)CD8(+) cells. The latter constituted a diverse population, containing both immature precursors and, though less frequent, cells that were mature according to several criteria. CD4(-)CD8(+) cells appeared with the same kinetics as their CD4(+)CD8(-) counterparts, but tended to be more prevalent at early times or when thymocyte reconstitution was only modest. These observations, derived from a dynamic selection system, indicate that CD4/CD8 lineage commitment is not irredeemably linked to the class of MHC molecule driving positive selection, a conclusion most compatible with selective models of commitment.
Transcriptional control of AAC3 gene encoding mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocator in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by oxygen, heme and ROX1 factor (1993)

The AAC3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocator which is subject to oxygen repression. Evidence is presented here, that the repression of AAC3 expression is dependent upon heme and the ROX1 factor. The promoter region of the AAC3 gene was isolated, sequenced, and deletion analysis was performed using lacZ as a reporter gene to determine the cis-acting regions responsible for the regulation of AAC3 expression. The results of the deletion analysis show that the negative control of the AAC3 gene by oxygen and ROX1 factor is mediated by an upstream repression sequence consisting of a T-rich segment adjacent to the consensus elements that are present in the 5' flanking regions of several other yeast genes. An additional upstream repressor site was located within the AAC3 promoter which, however, is not related either to oxygen or to ROX1 factor. The data presented here delineate the main cellular factors and DNA sequences involved in the regulatory mechanism by which an essential function for anaerobic cells growth, ADP/ATP translocation, is ensured. In addition, they show that the AAC3 gene belongs to the family of yeast genes including TIF51B, COX5b, HEM13 and CYC7 that are negatively regulated by oxygen and heme.
Transcriptional co‐activation at the ansB promoters: involvement of the activating regions of CRP and FNR when bound in tandem (1995)

Previous work with semi-synthetic promoters containing a single CRP binding site centred at 41.5 bp from the transcription start site has demonstrated enhanced transcription (synergism) when a second binding site, for CRP or FNR, is placed upstream at around -91 bp. The ansB promoter in Escherichia coli is co-activated in a co-dependent manner by one dimer each of CRP and FNR protein whose binding sites are at around -91 and -41 bp, respectively, from the transcription start site. Similarly, the homologous ansB promoter in Salmonella is co-activated by two dimers of CRP which function synergistically. The binding sites at the E. coli promoter have been changed by mutation to provide a number of active promoter derivatives carrying other combinations of FNR and CRP binding sites. The co-dependent versus synergistic interaction of these activators and their requirement for known activating regions have been examined. The results demonstrate that FNR can co-activate when located upstream at around -91 bp in combination with either FNR or CRP downstream. When FNR occupies the downstream site the promoter is co-dependent on an upstream activator, but not when CRP occupies this site. Activating region 1 in CRP (defined by substitutions at residue H159) and its putative equivalent in FNR (defined by substitutions at S73) are mainly required in the upstream activator; the putative equivalent in FNR of activating region 3 of CRP (defined by substitutions at G85 and K52, respectively) is mainly required in the dimer which binds downstream. Activating region 1 of FNR is required only in the downstream subunit of the upstream activator in a promoter which is co-dependent on two FNR dimers. These data suggest that both bound upstream and downstream activators interact with RNA polymerase to promote transcription, and that co-dependence is determined by the nature of the activator plus the promoter context.
Current practices for viability testing of cryopreserved cord blood products: an international survey by the cellular therapy team of the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative (2018)

The survey results revealed a variety of tests and inconsistent interlaboratory practices for performing the viability assay. Flow cytometry with a 7-AAD dye was suggested as a first step toward standardization.
Genome-wide identification of DNA–protein interactions using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with flow cell sequencing (2009)

The transcriptional networks underlying mammalian cell development and function are largely unknown. The recently described use of flow cell sequencing devices in combination with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-seq) stands to revolutionize the identification of DNA-protein interactions. As such, ChIP-seq is rapidly becoming the method of choice for the genome-wide localization of histone modifications and transcription factor binding sites. As further studies are performed, the information generated by ChIP-seq is expected to allow the development of a framework for networks describing the transcriptional regulation of cellular development and function. However, to date, this technology has been applied only to a small number of cell types, and even fewer tissues, suggesting a huge potential for novel discovery in this field.
Efficient electron injection by hybrid parametric instability and forward direct laser acceleration in subcritical plasma (2020)

Abstract The efficient injection of electrons into a propagating relativistic laser pulse with normalized vector potential a 0 ∼ 2 is demonstrated numerically and experimentally in a thin plasma layer with density 0.15–0.3 of the critical value. The injection is due to the wavebreaking of parametric plasma waves. The trapped particles gain multi-MeV (up to 20 MeV) energies by the direct laser acceleration in the plasma channel formed by the laser pulse in the lower density plasma tail. Numerical calculations were supported by experiments with micron-scale films pre-evaporated by an additional nanosecond laser pulse and a TW femtosecond laser facility. The experimentally observed bunch of electrons with energy above 1.6 MeV had a divergence of ∼0.05 rad and charge of ∼50 pC measured with photoneutron Be(g,n) reaction.
Oncogenic role of protein tyrosine kinase 7 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2013)

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common subtype of esophageal cancer that is particularly prevalent in East Asian countries. Our previous expression profile analysis showed that the gene encoding protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) is upregulated in ESCC tissues. Here, we aimed to validate PTK7 as a prognostic factor and a candidate target for molecular treatment of ESCC. Both RT-PCR and Western blot analysis of tissues from ESCC patients revealed that PTK7 was significantly upregulated in tumor tissue samples of ESCC. Immunohistochemical staining of PTK7 showed that increased expression of PTK7 was inversely correlated with overall survival (P = 0.021). In vitro knockdown of PTK7 inhibited proliferation, survival, wound healing, and invasion of ESCC cells. In addition, PTK7 knockdown decreased phosphorylation of Akt, Erk, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), important determinants of cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Therefore, our findings suggest that PTK7 has potential as a prognostic marker for ESCC and might also be a candidate for targeted therapy in the treatment of ESCC.
The JNKK2-JNK1 Fusion Protein Acts As a Constitutively Active c-Jun Kinase That Stimulates c-Jun Transcription Activity (1999)

c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), a member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family, regulates gene expression in response to various extracellular stimuli. JNK is activated by JNK-activating kinase (JNKK1 and JNKK2), a subfamily of the dual specificity MAP kinase kinase (MEK) family, through phosphorylation on threonine (Thr) 183 and tyrosine (Tyr) 185 residues. The physiological functions of the JNK pathway, however, are not completely understood. A major obstacle is the lack of specific and activated kinase components that can stimulate the JNK pathway in the absence of any stimulus. Here we show that fusion of JNK1 to its upstream activator JNKK2 resulted in its constitutive activation. In HeLa cells, the JNKK2-JNK1 fusion protein showed significant JNK activity, which was comparable with that of JNK1 activated by many stimuli and activators, including EGF, TNF-alpha, anisomycin, UV irradiation, MEKK1, and small GTP binding proteins Rac1 and Cdc42Hs. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that JNK1 was phosphorylated by JNKK2 in the fusion protein on both Thr(183) and Tyr(185) residues. Like JNKK2, the JNKK2-JNK1 fusion protein was highly specific for the JNK pathway and did not activate either p38 or ERK2. Transient transfection assays demonstrated that the JNKK2-JNK1 fusion protein was sufficient to stimulate c-Jun transcriptional activity in the absence of any stimulus. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the JNKK2-JNK1 fusion protein was predominantly located in the nucleus of transfected HeLa cells. These results indicate that the JNKK2-JNK1 fusion protein is a constitutively active Jun kinase, which will facilitate the investigation of the physiological roles of the JNK pathway.
Neutralization of positively charged excitonic state in single InAs quantum dot by Si delta doping (2010)

Positively charged excitonic state in single InAs quantum dot (QD) has been neutralized by Si delta doping and the optical properties of the fabricated samples are characterized by micro-photoluminescence measurements (μ-PL) at low temperature. An InAs QD sample having dominant emissions from positively charged excitonic states is prepared for a reference. By optimizing Si delta doping conditions, positively charged QDs are neutralized successfully and distinctive emissions from neutral exciton and biexciton from single QDs are achieved. For excessive doping condition, μ-PL spectra show optical degradation of lowering of peak intensity and broadening of peak width as doping concentration increases.
FREE PERFORATION IN A PATIENT WITH CROHN'S DISEASE (1998)

A 35-year-old man was admitted because of severe abdominal pain. He had been treated with medication for Crohn's disease for 10 years. 5-aminosalicil acid and an elemental diet were started 8 months prior to admission. Seven days before admission, the patient took a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug for abdominal pain. His abdomen was rigid, and pan-peritonitis was suspected. An abdominal X-ray showed free air under the right leaf of the diaphragm. At laparotomy, the entire small bowel was diffusely erythematous and edematous, and both the mesentery and the bowel wall on the mesentric side were very thick. Perforation of the ileum was observed 230cm distal to the ligament of Treizt. A 20-cm segment of the ileum, including the perforation site, was resected, and an ileostomy was constructed. The ileostomy was successfully closed 5 months later. The postoperatiVe courese was satisfactory, although most of the affected bowel was left in situ.
Haemopoietic microenvironments in vitro: ultrastructural aspects. (1981)

Haemopoietically active long-term bone marrow cultures from several species have been investigated ultrastructurally. Human, tree shrew and mouse cultures generally support granulopoiesis, although recently it has been possible to convert a granulopoietic mouse culture to extensive erythropoiesis. The haemopoietic products of the cultures include granulocytes (neutrophil and basophil), mast cells, monocytes, megakaryocytes and all stages of the erythrocytic series. Plasmacytes and occasional lymphocytes have been observed in small numbers in human cultures (possible indicating retention rather than formation). The stromal elements of the adherent layer of these cultures include endothelial cells, reticulum cells, fat cells and fibroblasts. The adherent layers are responsible for the inductive microenvironment within the cultures, and show features specific for the line of differentiation. In the granulocytic cultures there is close association between developing fat cells (reticulum cells) and granulocyte precursors. Endothelial cell monolayers cover large regions of these cultures, and the areas beneath this monolayer are rich in early granulocytes. Mature granulocytes and monocytes migrate through the endothelial layer, demonstrating in vitro "transmural passage". Cultures stimulated for erythropoiesis show a considerable reduction in fat cells, in endothelial cell cover and in the numbers of classical monocytes. Erythropoiesis appears to be promoted by a close association of the entire erythrocytic series with monocytic cells, forming "erythroblastic islets" in vitro. A possible pathway of intracellular communication between differentiating haemopoietic cells and the stromal cells in their microenvironment is suggested.
Studying chaotic systems using microcomputer simulations and Lyapunov exponents (1990)

The study of nonlinear systems in an undergraduate setting has become important, and this article describes the use of an interactive simulation in introducing students to the new techniques used to characterize deterministic chaos. Lyapunov exponents are introduced with emphasis on their physical significance. The results of numerical experiments on the driven, damped, Duffing two-well oscillator are reported and the global behavior of the Lyapunov exponent spectra is presented. The results confirm an important sum rule satisfied by the Lyapunov exponent spectra. Interesting, structured behavior of the Lyapunov exponent spectra is observed as the Duffing oscillator system follows the period-doubling route to chaos.
Software MPEG-2 video decoder on a 200-MHz, low-power multimedia microprocessor (2002)

This paper presents a low-power, 32-bit RISC microprocessor with a 64-bit "single-instruction multiple-data" multimedia coprocessor, V830R/AV, and its MPEG-2 video decoding performance. This coprocessor basically performs multimedia-oriented four 16-bit operations every clock, such as multiply-accumulate with symmetric rounding and saturation, and accelerates computationally intensive procedures of the video decoding; an 8/spl times/8 IDCT is performed in 201 clocks. The processor employs the Concurrent Rambus DRAM interface, and facilities for controlling cache behavior explicitly by software to speed up enormous memory accesses necessary for motion compensation. The 200-MHz V830R/AV processor with the 600-Mbyte/s Concurrent Rambus DRAMs decodes MPEG-2 MP@ML video in real-time (30 frames/s).
Pseudo-LiDAR++: Accurate Depth for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Driving (2019)

Detecting objects such as cars and pedestrians in 3D plays an indispensable role in autonomous driving. Existing approaches largely rely on expensive LiDAR sensors for accurate depth information. While recently pseudo-LiDAR has been introduced as a promising alternative, at a much lower cost based solely on stereo images, there is still a notable performance gap. In this paper we provide substantial advances to the pseudo-LiDAR framework through improvements in stereo depth estimation. Concretely, we adapt the stereo network architecture and loss function to be more aligned with accurate depth estimation of faraway objects --- currently the primary weakness of pseudo-LiDAR. Further, we explore the idea to leverage cheaper but extremely sparse LiDAR sensors, which alone provide insufficient information for 3D detection, to de-bias our depth estimation. We propose a depth-propagation algorithm, guided by the initial depth estimates, to diffuse these few exact measurements across the entire depth map. We show on the KITTI object detection benchmark that our combined approach yields substantial improvements in depth estimation and stereo-based 3D object detection --- outperforming the previous state-of-the-art detection accuracy for faraway objects by 40%. Our code is available at https://github.com/mileyan/Pseudo_Lidar_V2.
Action of Papain on the Polarization of Gelatin (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAction of Papain on the Polarization of GelatinH. C. GoreCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1929, 1, 4, 203–205Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1929https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50068a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (420 KB) Get e-Alerts
Temperature dependence of self-induced pressure broadening and shift of the 643-550 water molecule line (1994)

Experimental results on the collisional self-shift and self-broadening of the 6<SUB>43</SUB> - 5$50) rotational water line at 439 GHz are presented in the temperature range 250 - 390 K. The (To/T) exponent for the shift and broadening are: (alpha) equals 2.59(20) and (beta) equals 0.62(9), respectively. A method for the remote measurement of gas temperature, based on spectral collisional shift and broadening, is proposed.