gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C3PU: Cross-Coupling Capacitor Processing Unit Using Analog-Mixed Signal In-Memory Computing for AI Inference (2021)

This paper presents a novel cross-coupling capacitor processing unit (C3PU) that supports analog-mixed signal in memory computing to perform multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations. The C3PU consists of a capacitive unit, a CMOS transistor, and a voltage-to-time converter (VTC). The capacitive unit serves as a computational element that holds the multiplier operand and performs multiplication once the multiplicand is applied at the terminal. The multiplicand is the input voltage that is converted to a pulse width signal using a low power VTC. The transistor transfers this multiplication where a voltage level is generated. A demonstrator of 5x4 C3PU array that is capable of implementing 4 MAC units is presented. The design has been verified using Monte Carlo simulation in 65 nm technology. The 5x4 C3PU consumed energy of 66.4 fJ/MAC at 0.3 V voltage supply with an error of 5.7%. The proposed unit achieves lower energy and occupies a smaller area by 3.4x and 3.6x, respectively, with similar error value when compared to a digital-based 8x4-bit fixed point MAC unit. The C3PU has been utilized through an iris fower classification utilizing an artificial neural network which achieved a 90% classification accuracy compared to ideal accuracy of 96.67% using MATLAB.
Crystal structures of glycoside hydrolase family 3 β-glucosidase 1 from Aspergillus aculeatus (2013)

GH3 (glycoside hydrolase family 3) BGLs (β-glucosidases) from filamentous fungi have been widely and commercially used for the supplementation of cellulases. AaBGL1 (Aspergillus aculeatus BGL1) belongs to the GH3 and shows high activity towards cellooligosaccharides up to high degree of polymerization. In the present study we determined the crystal structure of AaBGL1. In addition to the substrate-free structure, the structures of complexes with glucose and various inhibitors were determined. The structure of AaBGL1 is highly glycosylated with 88 monosaccharides (18 N-glycan chains) in the dimer. The largest N-glycan chain comprises ten monosaccharides and is one of the largest glycans ever observed in protein crystal structures. A prominent insertion region exists in a fibronectin type III domain, and this region extends to cover a wide surface area of the enzyme. The subsite +1 of AaBGL1 is highly hydrophobic. Three aromatic residues are present at subsite +1 and are located in short loop regions that are uniquely present in this enzyme. There is a long cleft extending from subsite +1, which appears to be suitable for binding long cellooligosaccharides. The crystal structures of AaBGL1 from the present study provide an important structural basis for the technical improvement of enzymatic cellulosic biomass conversion.
Preoperative Diagnostic Workup before Antireflux Surgery: An Evidence and Experience-Based Consensus of the Esophageal Diagnostic Advisory Panel (2013)

Currently, upper endoscopy, barium esophagram, pH testing, and manometry are required for preoperative workup for antireflux surgery. Additional studies with long-term follow-up are required to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic benefit of new technologies, such as oropharyngeal pH testing, multichannel intraluminal impedance, and hypopharyngeal multichannel intraluminal impedance, in the context of patient selection for antireflux surgery.
Development of catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (2003)

The performance of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) is strongly hampered by the poor kinetics of both the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In addition to the kinetic issues, the DMFC cathodes are also depolarised by methanol that is permeating through state-of-the-art polymer electrolytes. The aim of this work is to study the kinetics of perovskites and pyrochlores as electrocatalysts for both MOR and ORR in acid solution using the thin film rotating ring-disk electrode technique. (author)
Protein Kinase D1 Autophosphorylation via Distinct Mechanisms at Ser744/Ser748 and Ser916 (2008)

Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is a physiologically important signaling enzyme that is activated via protein kinase C-dependent trans-phosphorylation of the activation loop at Ser744 and Ser748 followed by PKD1 autophosphorylation at Ser916. Although PKD-Ser916 autophosphorylation is widely used to track cellular PKD activity, this study exposes conditions leading to increased PKD-Ser(P)916 immunoreactivity without an associated increase in PKD activity in cardiomyocytes that heterologously overexpress catalytically inactive PKD1 and in cardiomyocytes treated with Gö6976 (a PKD inhibitor that competes with ATP). In each case, PKD1 is detected as a Ser916-phosphorylated enzyme that lacks kinase activity. In vitro kinase assays reconcile these seemingly discrepant findings by demonstrating that PKD1-Ser916 autophosphorylation can proceed via either an intermolecular reaction or an intramolecular autophosphorylation that requires only very low ATP concentrations that do not support target substrate phosphorylation. Additional studies show that Ser744 and Ser748 are targets for a protein kinase C-independent autocatalytic phosphorylation and that the PKD1-S744A/S748A mutant is a Ser916-phosphorylated enzyme that is not active toward heterologous substrates. In contrast, PKD1-S916A is an active kinase that autophosphorylates at Ser744. However, the S916A substitution leads to a Ser748 phosphorylation defect and a prolonged cellular PKD1 signaling response. Collectively, these results implicate PKD1-Ser744 phosphorylation in the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-dependent mechanism that increases PKD1 activity toward physiologically relevant substrates. We show that PKD1-Ser916 autophosphorylation does not necessarily correlate with PKD1 activity. Rather, autophosphorylation at Ser916 is required for subsequent autophosphorylation at Ser748. Finally, this study exposes a novel role for Ser916 and/or Ser748 autophosphorylation to terminate the cellular PKD1 signaling response.
Deep Learning-Based Autonomous Driving Systems: A Survey of Attacks and Defenses (2021)

The rapid development of artificial intelligence, especially deep learning technology, has advanced autonomous driving systems (ADSs) by providing precise control decisions to counterpart almost any driving event, spanning from antifatigue safe driving to intelligent route planning. However, ADSs are still plagued by increasing threats from different attacks, which could be categorized into physical attacks, cyberattacks and learning-based adversarial attacks. Inevitably, the safety and security of deep learning-based autonomous driving are severely challenged by these attacks, from which the countermeasures should be analyzed and studied comprehensively to mitigate all potential risks. This survey provides a thorough analysis of different attacks that may jeopardize ADSs, as well as the corresponding state-of-the-art defense mechanisms. The analysis is unrolled by taking an in-depth overview of each step in the ADS workflow, covering adversarial attacks for various deep learning models and attacks in both physical and cyber context. Furthermore, some promising research directions are suggested in order to improve deep learning-based autonomous driving safety, including model robustness training, model testing and verification, and anomaly detection based on cloud/edge servers.
Raman spectra of sodium tetrasulfide in primary amines. Evidence for sulfide (S42- and S8n-) ions in rhombic sulfur-amine solutions (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRaman spectra of sodium tetrasulfide in primary amines. Evidence for sulfide (S42- and S8n-) ions in rhombic sulfur-amine solutionsFrancis P. Daly and Chris W. BrownCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1975, 79, 4, 350–354Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100571a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j100571a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views458Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Proof of concept studies for siRNA delivery by nonionic surfactant vesicles: in vitro and in vivo evaluation of protein knockdown (2018)

RNA interference is an effective and naturally occurring post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanism. This mechanism involves the degradation of a target messenger RNA (mRNA) through the introduction of short interfering RNA (siRNA) that is complementary to the target mRNA. The application of siRNA-based therapeutics is limited by the development of an effective delivery system, as naked siRNA is unstable and cannot penetrate the cell membrane. In this study, we investigated the use of cationic niosomes (CN) prepared by microfluidic mixing for siRNA delivery. In an <i>in vitro</i> model, these vesicles were able to deliver anti-luciferase siRNA and effectively suppress luciferase expression in B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells. More importantly, in an <i>in vivo</i> mouse model, intratumoral administration of CN-carrying anti-luciferase siRNA led to significant suppression of luciferase expression compared with naked siRNA. Thus, we have established a novel and effective system for the delivery of siRNA both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo,</i> which shows high potential for future application of gene therapeutics.
Technological analysis and fuel consumption saving potential of different gas turbine thermodynamic configurations for series hybrid electric vehicles (2019)

Gas turbine systems are among potential energy converters to substitute the internal combustion engine as auxiliary power unit in future series hybrid electric vehicle powertrains. Fuel consumption of these auxiliary power units in the series hybrid electric vehicle strongly relies on the energy converter efficiency and power-to-weight ratio as well as on the energy management strategy deployed on-board. This paper presents a technological analysis and investigates the potential of fuel consumption savings of a series hybrid electric vehicle using different gas turbine–system thermodynamic configurations. These include a simple gas turbine, a regenerative gas turbine, an intercooler regenerative gas turbine, and an intercooler regenerative reheat gas turbine. An energetic and technological analysis is conducted to identify the systems’ efficiency and power-to-weight ratio for different operating temperatures. A series hybrid electric vehicle model is developed and the different gas turbine–system configurations are integrated as auxiliary power units. A bi-level optimization method is proposed to optimize the powertrain. It consists of coupling the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to the dynamic programming to minimize the fuel consumption and the number of switching ON/OFF of the auxiliary power unit, which impacts its durability. Fuel consumption simulations are performed on the worldwide-harmonized light vehicles test cycle while considering the electric and thermal comfort vehicle energetic needs. Results show that the intercooler regenerative reheat gas turbine–auxiliary power unit presents an improved fuel consumption compared with the other investigated gas turbine systems and a good potential for implementation in series hybrid electric vehicles.
Thermanator: Thermal Residue-Based Post Factum Attacks On Keyboard Password Entry (2018)

As a warm-blooded mammalian species, we humans routinely leave thermal residues on various objects with which we come in contact. This includes common input devices, such as keyboards, that are used for entering (among other things) secret information, such as passwords and PINs. Although thermal residue dissipates over time, there is always a certain time window during which thermal energy readings can be harvested from input devices to recover recently entered, and potentially sensitive, information. To-date, there has been no systematic investigation of thermal profiles of keyboards, and thus no efforts have been made to secure them. This serves as our main motivation for constructing a means for password harvesting from keyboard thermal emanations. Specifically, we introduce Thermanator, a new post factum insider attack based on heat transfer caused by a user typing a password on a typical external keyboard. We conduct and describe a user study that collected thermal residues from 30 users entering 10 unique passwords (both weak and strong) on 4 popular commodity keyboards. Results show that entire sets of key-presses can be recovered by non-expert users as late as 30 seconds after initial password entry, while partial sets can be recovered as late as 1 minute after entry. Furthermore, we find that Hunt-and-Peck typists are particularly vulnerable. We also discuss some Thermanator mitigation strategies. The main take-away of this work is three-fold: (1) using external keyboards to enter (already much-maligned) passwords is even less secure than previously recognized, (2) post factum (planned or impromptu) thermal imaging attacks are realistic, and finally (3) perhaps it is time to either stop using keyboards for password entry, or abandon passwords altogether.
High-energy spatiotemporal solitons in GRIN fiber (2020)

In the present study, we reveal the presence of a new type of nonlinear propagation regime in MM fibers, where stable spatiotemporal solitons are created by the fission of the initial pulse. These solitons have different amplitudes and wavelengths, but nearly equal time duration.
Synthesis of Didocosahexaenoylphosphatidylserine (1997)

1,2-Di-O-isopropylideneglycerophosphorochloridate prepared from isopropylindene glycerol and phosphorus oxychloride, was allowed to react with Z-l-serine-N-phthalimidomethyl ester to obtain a derivative of phosphatidylserine. Then, after the isopropylidene group was removed by Amberlite IR-120 (H(+)), and the phosphate group was also blocked as a Ba-salt, this derivative was coupled with docosahexaenoic acid, applying the method of activated ester. Removal of both protective groups of serine was finally done by dry hydrogen chloride in chloroform.
Comparison of the Two-Microphone Method and a Modal Decomposition Method for Acoustic Impedance Testing (2006)

Accurate duct acoustic propagation models are required to predict and mitigate radiated aircraft engine noise. These models ultimately rely on acoustic impedance measurements to characterize candidate engine nacelle liner materials. This paper compares two different methods for normal incidence acoustic impedance testing: the two-microphone method (TMM) and a modal decomposition method (MDM). The two methods are compared using two different test specimens: a ceramic tubular honeycomb material with 65% porosity (CT65) and a single degree-of-freedom liner (SDOF) specimen. The MDM measurements are made from 0.3 to 13 kHz, and the TMM measurements are made from 0.3 to 6.7 kHz, using a 25.4-mm by 25.4-mm specimen. Additional TMM measurements of the CT65 specimen from 0.3 to 20 kHz are made using an 8.5-mm by 8.5-mm specimen in a smaller plane wave tube. The results show good agreement between the TMM and the MDM for the large specimen, but are inconsistent with the smaller specimen. The CT65 results showed a continuing series of resonances for the ceramic tubular material with a monotonic decrease in resonant peaks of the acoustic resistance with increasing frequency and significant mode scattering at the higher frequencies.
Chromium(iii) catalysed ethylene tetramerization promoted by bis(phosphino)amines with an N-functionalized pendant (2007)

Several N-functionalized bis(phosphino)amine ligands with ether, thioether and pyridyl tethers [(R'')2PN(R')P(R'')2=PNP] () have been synthesized. They react with CrCl3(THF)3 in CH2Cl2 to give dinuclear chloro bridged Cr2(micro-Cl)2Cl4(PNP)2 () which converts to the corresponding mononuclear solvento complexes fac-CrCl3(PNP)(NCR) (). The structures of the ligand with R'=-(CH2)3SCH3 and R''=Ph, and the complexes with R=CH3 () and C2H5 (), R'=-(CH2)3SCH3 and R''=Ph) have been established by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. All ligands are active towards ethylene tetramerization in the presence of Cr(III) and excess MAO at 80 degrees C in toluene. The ligand with thioether pendant Et2PN(CH2CH2CH2SCH3)PEt2 () shows the highest selectivity (55% weight in liquid product distribution) towards 1-octene. Complexes and are active towards ethylene polymerization under thermal conditions.
DepthFinder, a real-time depth detection system for aided driving (2002)

Many military applications require the distance information from a moving vehicle to targets from video image sequences. For indirect driving, lack of perception of depth in view hinders steering and navigation. In this paper we present a real-time depth detection system DepthFinder, a system that finds the distances of objects through a monocular vision model. DepthFinder can be used with a camera mounted either at the front of side of a moving vehicle. A real-time matching algorithm is introduced to improve the matching performance by several orders of magnitude. The experiment results and the performance analysis are presented.
Metallic Mesh Bandpass Filters and Fabry-Perot Interferometer for the Far Infrared (1969)

This paper describes optical properties of thin electroformed metallic meshes in detail. Since the transmittance shows the bandpass character around the wavelength near the grid constant, metal mesh can be used as a bandpass filter. The reflectance is high in the wavelength region longer than three times the grid constant and the absorptivity is very low. These optical properties are suitable for reflectors of the Fabry-Perot Interferometers (FPI's) for the far infrared. Authors fabricated two types of FPI's; flxed type and tunable type. The absorption spectra of atmospheric water vapour between 100 and 400 µ and CO gas between 350 and 650 µ were scanned with the tunable FPI. Resultant resolving power of about 20 was obtained at 250 µ. Moreover, light flux which a FPI can utilize in the limited area of the light source and the detector was discussed.
Building Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Systems With Distributed Hash Tables (2003)

Abstract. Building distributed content–based publish/subscribe systems has remained a challenge. Existing solutions typically use a relatively small set of trusted computers as brokers, which may lead to scalability concerns for large Internet–scale workloads. Moreover, since each broker maintains state for a large number of users, it may be difficult to tolerate faults at each broker. In this paper we propose an approach to building content–based publish/subscribe systems on top of distributed hash table (DHT) systems. DHT systems have been effectively used for scalable and fault–tolerant resource lookup in large peer–to–peer networks. Our approach provides predicate–based query semantics and supports constrained range queries. Experimental evaluation shows that our approach is scalable to thousands of brokers, although proper tuning is required. 1
The serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram reduces acute cardiovascular and vegetative effects of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (‘Ecstasy’) in healthy volunteers (2000)

MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or 'Ecstasy' is a widely used recreational drug that produces a state of heightened mood but also cardiovascular and vegetative side-effects. In animals, MDMA releases serotonin and, to a lesser extent, dopamine and norepinephrine. The release of serotonin can be blocked by serotonin uptake inhibitors such as citalopram. It is unknown to what extent this mechanism is also responsible for the physiological side-effects of MDMA seen in humans. We investigated the effect of citalopram pretreatment (40 mg i.v.) on vegetative and cardiovascular effects of MDMA (1.5 mg/kg p.o.) in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in 16 healthy volunteers. MDMA moderately increased blood pressure and heart rate, slightly elevated body temperature and produced a broad range of acute and short-term side-effects. Citalopram reduced all these MDMA-induced physiological changes except for body temperature. These findings suggest that physiological effects of MDMA in humans are partially due to an interaction of MDMA with the serotonin carrier and a subsequent release of serotonin.
miR-142 controls metabolic reprogramming that regulates dendritic cell activation (2019)

DCs undergo metabolic reprogramming from a predominantly oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis to mount an immunogenic response. The mechanism underpinning the metabolic reprogramming remains elusive. We demonstrate that miRNA-142 (miR-142) is pivotal for this shift in metabolism, which regulates the tolerogenic and immunogenic responses of DCs. In the absence of miR-142, DCs fail to switch from OXPHOS and show reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines and the ability to activate T cells in vitro and in in vivo models of sepsis and alloimmunity. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that miR-142 regulates fatty acid (FA) oxidation, which causes the failure to switch to glycolysis. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments identified carnitine palmitoyltransferase -1a (CPT1a), a key regulator of the FA pathway, as a direct target of miR-142 that is pivotal for the metabolic switch. Thus, our findings show that miR-142 is central to the metabolic reprogramming that specifically favors glycolysis and immunogenic response by DCs.
The Critical, Strategic Importance of Adaptive Optics-Assisted Ground-Based Telescopes for the Success of Future NASA Exoplanet Direct Imaging Missions (2019)

Ground-based telescopes coupled with adaptive optics (AO) have been playing a leading role in exoplanet direct imaging science and technological development for the past two decades and will continue to have an indispensable role for the next decade and beyond. Over the next decade, extreme AO systems on 8-10m telescopes will 1) mitigate risk for WFIRST-CGI by identifying numerous planets the mission can spectrally characterize, 2) validate performance requirements and motivate improvements to atmosphere models needed to unambiguously characterize solar system-analogues from space, and 3) mature novel technological innovations useful for space. Extremely Large Telescopes can deliver the first thermal infrared (10 μm) images of rocky planets around Sun-like stars and identify biomarkers. These data provide a future NASA direct imaging flagship mission (i.e. HabEx, LUVOIR) with numerous exo-Earth candidates and critical ancillary information to help clarify whether these planets are habitable.
Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter with a missense mutation in EIF2B5 (2004)

We report of a woman aged 52 years born to consanguineous parents and seeking treatment for progressive dementia and delusion. Neurologic examination revealed dementia and emotional instability, indifference, and confabulation. There was also mild spasticity of the bilateral lower limbs. MRI revealed diffuse white matter hyperintensity on T2-weighted images accompanied by hypointense areas on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. A homozygous missense mutation was identified in EIF2B5.