gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiologic Observations in Prehospital Ventricular Fibrillation and Sudden Cardiac Death (1974)

In order to better understand the problem of prehospital sudden cardiac death (SCD) two groups of individuals were studied. One group was monitored by rescue squads during attempted rescue. These subjects were defibrillated from prehospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) and hospitalized if they survived or autopsied if they could not be resuscitated. The second group were SCDs which were witnessed and described by observers. Detailed past histories of both groups were collected, and either clinical or autopsy diagnoses were obtained. On the day of death or VF, one quarter reported new symptoms (primarily chest pain and dyspnea) preceding collapse by more than 30 minutes, one quarter reported symptoms lasting from 1 to 30 minutes, and one half collapsed instantaneously or within 1 minute of acute symptoms. A history of old myocardial infarction (MI) was present in 41% and of angina pectoris in 54%, and 27% reported new or changing symptoms within four weeks. In defibrillated survivors, "would-be SCDs," electrocardiographic (ECG) changes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or ischemia were nearly three times more frequent than changes detected histologically in SCDs, and in the former involved predominantly the anterior wall in contrast to the inferior wall in most autopsied deaths. This disparity implicates acute myocardial lesions, particularly of the anterior wall, in the majority of SCDs. Acute coronary lesions were found in 58% of SCDs autopsied. Most of these were ruptured plaques although almost one fifth of all autopsied SCDs had thromboses without intimal rupture. Severe chronic multivessel stenosis was present in most subjects, although 15% had only disease of a single vessel and in these, the left anterior descending (LAD) or left main coronary artery were involved in three quarters. The SCD population may be subgrouped into those with recent MI, those with only myocardial ischemia, and those with no detectable myocardial change. When rescuers were able to monitor prehospital SCDs, VF was found in the majority; however, 28% did have other terminal rhythms.
Supplementary Table 2 from Gene Expression Patterns in the Human Breast after Pregnancy (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Gene Expression Patterns in the Human Breast after Pregnancy
Inflow Profile Control in Horizontal Wells in a Fractured Carbonate Using Swellable Elastomers (2007)

Abstract A fractured carbonate field is developed via Gas Oil Gravity Drainage in the upper layers and water flood in the deeper layers. Due to the injection of gas and water into this fractured reservoir, horizontal wells tend to gas or water out, impairing the matrix drainage process. Different well and reservoir management techniques are used to prevent this from happening or to control the inflow when it happens. One such technique is to segment the bare foot horizontal open hole section with swellable rubbers and create up to 6 discreet zones of inflow, separated by 3 1/2 " tubing. The inflow from each section is currently controlled by a coiled tubing operated sliding sleeve. In the future it is anticipated that control will be done using hydraulically operated sleeves. Up till November 2006 eight horizontal barefoot oil producers have been re-completed with swellable packers. This paper concentrates on water shut-off and addresses the design, installation risks and mitigation, the impact of zone shut-off on well production performance, and the actions taken to optimize the production of each well by logging the well and shifting the sleeves.
Legends for Supplementary Figure S1 from A Performance Comparison of Commonly Used Assays to Detect RET Fusions (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1: (A) RET SVUS that did not express RET fusion transcripts on RNA sequencing (group D cases). (B) Location of KIF5B (NM_004521), RET (NM_020975), NCOA4 (NM_001145260), and CCDC6 (NM_005436) in relation to the break-apart FISH probes on chromosome 10. Red (5') and green (3') probes for FISH are provided. The distance between KIF5B and RET is approximately 11.2 Mb, whereas the distance between NCOA4 and RET is approximately 7.9 Mb.&lt;/p&gt;
Double deboronation and homometalation of 1,1′-bis(ortho-carborane) (2017)

Double deboronation of 1,1'-bis(ortho-carborane) results in a mixture of racemic and meso diastereoisomers which are sources of the [7-(7'-7',8'-nido-C<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>)-7,8-nido-C<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> tetraanion. Consistent with this, metalation of the mixture with {Ru(p-cymene)} affords the diastereoisomers α-[1-(8'-2'-(p-cymene)-2',1',8'-closo-RuC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>)-3-(p-cymene)-3,1,2-closo-RuC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>] (3α) and β-[1-(8'-2'-(p-cymene)-2',1',8'-closo-RuC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>)-3-(p-cymene)-3,1,2-closo-RuC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>] (3β) in which the primed cage has undergone a spontaneous 3',1',2' to 2',1',8'-RuC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub> isomerisation. Analogous cobaltacarboranes α-[1-(8'-2'-Cp-2',1',8'-closo-CoC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>)-3-Cp-3,1,2-closo-CoC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>] (4α) and β-[1-(8'-2'-Cp-2',1',8'-closo-CoC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>)-3-Cp-3,1,2-closo-CoC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>] (4β) are formed by metalation with CoCl<sub>2</sub>/NaCp followed by oxidation, along with a small amount of the unique species [8-(8'-2'-Cp-2',1',8'-closo-CoC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>)-2-Cp-2,1,8-closo-CoC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>] (5) if the source of the tetraanion is [HNMe<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>[7-(7'-7',8'-nido-C<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>11</sub>)-7,8-nido-C<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>11</sub>]. Two-electron reduction and subsequent reoxidation of 4α and 4β afford species indistinguishable from 5. The reaction between [Tl]<sub>2</sub>[1-(1'-3',1',2'-closo-TlC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>)-3,1,2-closo-TlC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>] and [CoCpI<sub>2</sub>(CO)] leads to the isolation of a further isomer of (CpCoC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>11</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, rac-[1-(1'-3'-Cp-3',1',2'-closo-CoC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>)-3-Cp-3,1,2-closo-CoC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>] (6), which displays intramolecular dihydrogen bonding. Thermolysis of 6 yields 4α, allowing a link to be established between the α and β forms of 3 and 4 and racemic and meso forms of the [7-(7'-7',8'-nido-C<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>)-7,8-nido-C<sub>2</sub>B<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> tetraanion, whilst reduction-oxidation of 6 again results in a product indistinguishable from 5.
Calcium Sulfate with Stearic Acid as an Encouraging Carrier for Reindeer Bone Protein Extract (2011)

Various bone proteins and growth factors in specific concentrations are required for bone formation. If the body cannot produce sufficient quantities of these factors, bone trauma can be healed with an implant that includes the required factors in a carrier. This study was designed to evaluate various calcium salt candidates that can be used as carrier with reindeer bone protein extract to induce ectopic bone formation in the muscle pouch model of mouse. The bone protein extract was either impregnated into the disc form of carrier or mixed with carrier powder before implantation. The radiographic analysis indicated increased bone formation in all of the active groups containing the bone protein extract compared to the controls within 21 days follow-up. The highest bone formation was seen in the group with calcium sulfate with stearic acid where new bone and calcified cartilage were clearly visible. The greatest bone formation occurred in the groups that had bone protein extract readily available. This indicates that the bone forming factors in sufficient concentrations are required at the early stage of bone formation. The calcium sulfate with stearic acid was the most suitable and effective carrier for reindeer bone protein extract.
On-chip gas detection in silicon optical microcavities (2008)

We demonstrate a chip-scale photonic system for the room-temperature detection of gas composition and pressure using a slotted silicon microring resonator. We measure shifts in the resonance wavelength due to the presence and pressure of acetylene gas and resolve differences in the refractive index as small as 10(-4) in the near-IR. The observed sensitivity of this device (enhanced due to the slot-waveguide geometry) agrees with the expected value of 490 nm/refractive index unit.
A neomorphic syntaxin mutation blocks volatile-anesthetic action in Caenorhabditis elegans (1999)

The molecular mechanisms underlying general anesthesia are unknown. For volatile general anesthetics (VAs), indirect evidence for both lipid and protein targets has been found. However, no in vivo data have implicated clearly any particular lipid or protein in the control of sensitivity to clinical concentrations of VAs. Genetics provides one approach toward identifying these mechanisms, but genes strongly regulating sensitivity to clinical concentrations of VAs have not been identified. By screening existing mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we found that a mutation in the neuronal syntaxin gene dominantly conferred resistance to the VAs isoflurane and halothane. By contrast, other mutations in syntaxin and in the syntaxin-binding proteins synaptobrevin and SNAP-25 produced VA hypersensitivity. The syntaxin allelic variation was striking, particularly for isoflurane, where a 33-fold range of sensitivities was seen. Both the resistant and hypersensitive mutations decrease synaptic transmission; thus, the indirect effect of reducing neurotransmission does not explain the VA resistance. As assessed by pharmacological criteria, halothane and isoflurane themselves reduced cholinergic transmission, and the presynaptic anesthetic effect was blocked by the resistant syntaxin mutation. A single gene mutation conferring high-level resistance to VAs is inconsistent with nonspecific membrane-perturbation theories of anesthesia. The genetic and pharmacological data suggest that the resistant syntaxin mutant directly blocks VA binding to or efficacy against presynaptic targets that mediate anesthetic behavioral effects. Syntaxin and syntaxin-binding proteins are candidate anesthetic targets.
Facile, Selective, and Regiocontrolled Synthesis of Oxazolines and Oxazoles Mediated by ZnI2 and FeCl3 (2012)

An expedient method for a direct approach to the selective and regiocontrolled synthesis of 2-oxazolines and 2-oxazoles mediated by ZnI(2) and FeCl(3) is described. A Lewis acid promoted cyclization of acetylenic amide with various functionalities was well tolerated to give 2-oxazolines and 2-oxazoles in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.
Competing Faraday and modulational instabilities in dispersion-managed high-Q microcavities (2019)

We observed the competition between Faraday parametric instability and modulational instability in a dispersion-managed microcavity by changing the effective pump-resonance detuning. The Faraday ripple is triggered by the periodical oscillating group-velocity dispersion along the microcavity.
Combination of Whole Genome Sequencing and Metagenomics for Microbiological Diagnostics (2022)

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) provides the highest resolution for genome-based species identification and can provide insight into the antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential of a single microbiological isolate during the diagnostic process. In contrast, metagenomic sequencing allows the analysis of DNA segments from multiple microorganisms within a community, either using an amplicon- or shotgun-based approach. However, WGS and shotgun metagenomic data are rarely combined, although such an approach may generate additive or synergistic information, critical for, e.g., patient management, infection control, and pathogen surveillance. To produce a combined workflow with actionable outputs, we need to understand the pre-to-post analytical process of both technologies. This will require specific databases storing interlinked sequencing and metadata, and also involves customized bioinformatic analytical pipelines. This review article will provide an overview of the critical steps and potential clinical application of combining WGS and metagenomics together for microbiological diagnosis.
Learning nonlinear distance functions using neural network for regression with application to robust human age estimation (2011)

In this paper, a robust regression method is proposed for human age estimation, in which, outlier samples are corrected by their neighbors, through asymptotically increasing the correlation coefficients between the desired distances and the distances of sample labels. As another extension, we adopt a nonlinear distance function and approximate it by neural network. For fair comparison, we also experiment on the regression problem of age estimation from face images, and the results are very competitive among the state of the art.
Weighted Sum-SINR and Fairness Optimization for SWIPT-Multigroup Multicasting Systems With Heterogeneous Users (2020)

The development of next generation wireless communication systems focuses on the expansion of existing technologies, while ensuring an accord between various devices within a system. In this article, we target the aspect of precoder design for simultaneous wireless information and power transmission (SWIPT) in a multi-group (MG) multicasting (MC) framework capable of handling heterogeneous types of users, viz., information decoding (ID) specific, energy harvesting (EH) explicit, and/or both ID and EH operations concurrently. Precoding is a technique well-known for handling the inter-user interference in multi-user systems, however, the joint design with SWIPT is not yet fully exploited. Herein, we investigate the potential benefits of having a dedicated precoder for the set of users with EH demands, in addition to the MC precoding. We study the system performance of the aforementioned system from the perspectives of weighted sum of signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) and fairness. In this regard, we formulate the precoder design problems for (i) maximizing the weighted sum of SINRs at the intended users and (ii) maximizing the minimum of SINRs at the intended users; both subject to the constraints on minimum (non-linear) harvested energy, an upper limit on the total transmit power and a minimum SINR required to close the link. We solve the above-mentioned problems using distinct iterative algorithms with the help of semi-definite relaxation (SDR) and slack-variable replacement (SVR) techniques, following suitable transformations pertaining the problem convexification. The main novelty of the proposed approach lies in the ability to jointly design the MC and EH precoders for serving the heterogeneously classified ID and EH users present in distinct groups, respectively. We illustrate the comparison between the proposed weighted sum-SINR and fairness models via simulation results, carried out under various parameter values and operating conditions.
A safe microcontroller with silent CRC calculation hardware for code ROM integrity verification in IEC-60730 class-B (2012)

The microcontroller chip for motor driver, industrial appliance, and automotive chips are required to provide methods for detecting unsafe conditions by software-driven or hardware support, such as IEC-60730 qualification requirements. Small, fast, safety-conscious operations are critical for designing safe microcontrollers, because additional hardware and software overhead is required to sense a malfunction. In this paper, especially for flash instruction memory, we propose silent execution hardware calculating the CRC of the ROM data during CPU idle time without any CPU wait cost. Parallel CRC hardware and the dedicated-FSM are executed faster at the clock level compared to software CRC calculation which requires an explicit CPU wait state. The 64kB ROM integrity verification in the experimental 8051 MCU requires about 24ms of execution time at an 8Mhz clock speed without any CPU wait state when running silently in background mode, and it requires an additional 1650 gates for the proposed hardware data path.
A special purpose parallel processing ASIC for the first-level calorimeter trigger for the ATLAS detector (2002)

Modern high energy physics experiments require massively parallel special purpose computers (triggers) to reduce the extremely large primary data flow to manageable amounts. We present a prototype processing ASIC intended as the basic computational unit in a first-level calorimeter trigger for the ATLAS collider detector to be built at CERN, Switzerland. The proposed trigger is a compact highly parallel pipelined system with 4096 systolic processors partitioned into 256 weakly-interacting custom-designed ASICs. Local results from these ASICs are then merged by a second, less complex type of ASIC. Data is received at 800 Mbit/s by bipolar input circuits, while the processing is performed in CMOS at 320 MHz, using the true single phase clocking scheme (TSPC). This method promotes fast and compact implementations well suited for pipelined bit-serial applications. A 0.5 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process with 4 metal layers was chosen for the implementation.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ALKYLATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT AND ESTER α ANIONS DERIVED FROM CYCLIC SYSTEMS (1980)

Abstract Aus dem Norbornencarbonester (I) erhält man mit Lithiumdiisopropylamid (LDA) und Alkylierungsmitteln (II) die Substitutionsprodukte (III) und (IV), deren Anteile bestimmt werden.
Gene Expression Profiling of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Cattle Infected withMycobacterium paratuberculosis (2002)

A bovine-specific cDNA microarray system containing 721 unique leukocyte expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and amplicons representing known genes was used to compare gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from clinical and subclinical Johne's disease-positive Holstein cows (n = 2 per group). Stimulation of PBMCs from clinically infected cows with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis tended to decrease expression of 83 genes (fold change, >1.5). Of these 83 genes, 16 displayed significant down regulation across both clinical cows (P < 0.1), including genes encoding microspherule protein 1, fibroblast growth factor, and the Lyn B protein kinase. Only eight genes from PBMCs of clinically infected cows exhibited a modest up regulation following stimulation with M. paratuberculosis, including those encoding bovine CD40L, gamma interferon, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP) 4. In contrast, stimulation of PBMCs from subclinically infected cows with M. paratuberculosis tended to up regulate expression of 71 genes representing 68 unique transcripts. Of these, 11 genes showed significant up regulation (fold change, >1.5; P < 0.1) across both animals, including those encoding bovine CD40L, several matrix metalloproteinases, and SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cystine). Repression of gene expression was also observed in PBMCs from the subclinical cows, with 16 genes being significantly down regulated (fold change, >1.5; P < 0.1) across both animals, including those encoding the bovine orthologs of cytochrome oxidase subunit III, IL-1 receptor type I, and fibrinogen-like 2 protein. Only one clone, representing an unknown bovine EST, was similarly down regulated in PBMCs from both the clinical and subclinical cows. Thus, the most prominent change induced by exposure of PBMCs from clinical cows to M. paratuberculosis in vitro tended to be repression of gene expression, while changes in similarly treated PBMCs from subclinical cows was balanced between gene activation and repression. Comparison of gene expression profiles between PBMCs from clinical and uninfected (control) cows stimulated with the general mitogen concanavalin A were highly similar (overall r = 0.84), suggesting that M. paratuberculosis-induced gene repression in clinically infected cow PBMCs was not due to a general failure of the immune response in these animals.
Le protesi totali di tibiotarsica (2009)

Riassunto Le protesi di tibiotarsica vengono studiate e impiantate da molti anni; i fallimenti iniziali furono, pero, numerosi, tanto che molti ortopedici le abbandonarono. Inoltre, l’artrodesi continua a essere un trattamento efficace per rimuovere il dolore da grave artrosi della caviglia, anche se elimina completamente il movimento dell’articolazione tibiotarsica e non e privo di rischi. Negli ultimi anni, diversi studi si sono concentrati sull’anatomia e sulla biomeccanica dell’articolazione tibiotarsica e, basandosi anche sull’evoluzione dei modelli protesici passati, si sono sviluppati disegni innovativi, che mostrano risultati incoraggianti; si e creato cosi un nuovo interesse nei confronti della possibilita di protesizzazione dell’articolazione tibiotarsica, come valida alternativa all’artrodesi.
On progressive network recovery after a major disruption (2011)

A major disruption may affect many network components and significantly lower the capacity of a network measured in terms of the maximum total flow among a set of source-destination pairs. Since only a subset of the failed components may be repaired at a time due to e.g., limited availability of repair resources, the network capacity can only be progressively increased over time by following a recovery process that involves multiple recovery stages. Different recovery processes will restore the failed components in different orders, and accordingly, result in different amount of network capacity increase after each stage. This paper aims to investigate how to optimally recover the network capacity progressively, or in other words, to determine the optimal recovery process, subject to limited available repair resources. We formulate the optimization problem, analyze its computational complexity, devise solution schemes, and conduct numerical experiments to evaluate the algorithms. The concept of progressive network recovery proposed in this paper represents a paradigm-shift in the field of resilient and survivable networking to handle large-scale failures, and will motivate a rich body of research in network design and other applications.
Inference of time-varying gene networks using constrained and smoothed Kalman filtering (2012)

This paper tackles the problem of recovering time-varying gene networks from a series of undersampled and noisy observations. Gene regulatory networks evolve over time in response to functional requirements in the cell and environmental conditions. Collected genetic profiles from dynamic biological processes, such as cell development, cancer progression and treatment recovery, underlie genetic interactions that rewire over the course of time. We formulate the problem of estimating time-varying networks in a state-space framework. We show that, due to the small number of measurements, the system is unobservable; thus making the application of the standard Kalman filter ineffective. We remedy the problem by performing simultaneous compression and state estimation. The sparsity property of gene regulatory networks is incorporated as a constraint in the Kalman filter, leading to a compressed Kalman estimate and reducing the number of required observations for effective tracking of the network. Moreover, we improve the estimation accuracy by taking into account the entire sample set for each time instant estimate of the network through a forward-backward smoothing procedure. The proposed constrained and smoothed Kalman filter is shown to yield good tracking results for varying small and medium-size networks.