gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Combinatorial Therapy Using Elafin and Cyclosporine a Promotes Vasculature Integrity and Prevents Chronic Rejection in Airway Transplants. (2014)

Study’s purpose: Over the past 25 years, CsA has been used as an immunosuppressant to prevent rejection of solid-organ transplants. Despite this and improved surgical techniques, lung transplantation (Tx) remains the least successful type of solid organ transplant, with 50% of patients developing BOS within 5 years of receiving their transplants. In addition, neutrophilic inflammation with unopposed serine protease neutrophil elastase (NE) activity has been observed and associated with low levels of the NE-specific inhibitor elafin. Thus, therapies aiming to correct this “elastase-elafin imbalance” may specifically limit damage and have a positive impact on lung Tx patients. We investigated whether elafin, given as an adjunctive therapy with CsA treatment, can function synergistically to prevent allograft ischemia and prevent chronic rejection in airway Tx. Methods: The OTT mouse model was used to recapitulate microvasculature remodeling during chronic rejection in the airways of lung transplant patients and allowed us to observe the effects of elafin and CsA therapy on airway microvascular integrity and fibrosis. Donor tracheas from Balb/C mice were transplanted into B6 recipient mice. Serial assessments were made using an Oxylab oxymeter and a blood perfusion probe at post-operative days (PD) 8, 10, 14, 18, and 28. Each animal was perfused with FITC-conjugated lectin to visualize the microvasculature. Allograft rejection was examined by histological analyses. Results: Control saline treated mice rejected airway microvasculature and became ischemic on PD10, 14, and 18. H&E staining demonstrated flattened epithelial layer with monocytic cell infiltration and subepithelial collagen deposition. Neither monotherapy with 1.9mg/kg/d of elafin nor 10mg/kg/d of CsA alone prevented ischemia at PD10 and 14. However, animals treated with both 1.9mg/kg/d of elafin and a subtherapeutic dose (2.5mg/kg/d) of CsA demonstrated continuous perfusion and no loss of airway microvasculature. Allograft airway functions were measured and pO2 (23.4mmHg, p<0.01) remained above the ischemic level (>18mmHg) with normal blood perfusion rate (242.7bpu, p<0.01) compared to saline treated allograft 13.7mmHg and 207.5bpu, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings show proof of principle that a combination therapy targeting key elements of innate and adaptive immunity using elafin and CsA, respectively, may be a promising approach in clinical Tx.
An Improved Synthesis of (±)-N′-Nitrosonornicotine 5′-Acetate (2009)

A concise and efficient route to (+/-)-N'-nitrosonornicotine 5'-acetate (NNN-5'-OAc), a stable precursor of the active metabolite 5'-hydroxy(+/-)-N'-nitrosonornicotine NNN-5'-OH is reported. The synthesis utilizes sulfinimine chemistry to give (+/-)-NNN-5'-OAc in 26% yield over 4 steps.
Molecular Epidemiology of Oral Treponemes in Patients with Periodontitis and in Periodontitis-Resistant Subjects (2006)

The etiologic role of oral treponemes in human periodontitis is still under debate. Although seen by dark-field microscopy in large numbers, their possible role is still unclear since they comprise some 60 different phylotypes, most of which are still uncultured. To determine their status as mere commensals or opportunistic pathogens, molecular epidemiological studies are required that include both cultured and as-yet-uncultured organisms. Here we present such data, comparing treponemal populations from chronic periodontitis (CP) or generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) patients. As a periodontitis-resistant (PR) control group, we included elderly volunteers with more than 20 natural teeth and no history of periodontal treatment and no or minimal clinical signs of periodontitis. Almost every treponemal phylotype was present in all three groups. For most treponemes, the proportion of subjects positive for a certain species or phylotype was higher in both periodontitis groups than in the PR group. This difference was pronounced for treponemes of the phylogenetic groups II and IV and for Treponema socranskii and Treponema lecithinolyticum. Between the periodontitis groups the only significant differences were seen for T. socranskii and T. lecithinolyticum, which were found more often in periodontal pockets of GAP patients than of CP patients. In contrast, no difference was found for Treponema denticola. Our findings, however, strengthen the hypothesis of treponemes being opportunistic pathogens. It appears that T. socranskii, T. lecithinolyticum and group II and IV treponemes may represent good indicators for periodontitis and suggest the value of the respective probes for microbiological diagnosis in periodontitis subjects.
Treatment of cognitive impairment in depression (2015)

Trabajo presentado en el 22nd International Symposium on Current Issues and Controversies in Psychiatry, celebrado en Barcelona, España, del 6 al 7 de marzo de 2015
The Long Term Performance of a Guided Wave SHM System on a Steel Tank (2015)

A guided wave structural health monitoring system has been attached to a steel water tank situated outside in a sheltered location. It consists of an array of PZT disk transducers which preferentially excite the S0 mode. The system has been operating for a period of 3 years. The first arrival time, maximum signal amplitude and bandwidth of the received signals was found and they exhibited no long term changes over the collection period. The centre frequency decreased by about 5 kHz for the last year of operation but this decrease is less than the range of earlier measurements. The dataset was processed using different baseline subtraction based approaches and in all cases the system performance degraded quickly to a point where damage was unlikely to be detected in a period of days. This was not suggested by the measurement of single parameters. These results highlight the need for better understanding of how transducers perform over long periods of time and signal processing techniques to compensate for these changes.
Phase Transitions and Criticality in Small Systems:  Vapor−Liquid Transition in Nanoscale Spherical Cavities (2006)

Phase transformations in fluids confined to nanoscale pores, which demonstrate characteristic signatures of first-order phase transitions, have been extensively documented in experiments and molecular simulations. They are characterized by a pronounced hysteresis, which disappears above a certain temperature. A rigorous interpretation of these observations represents a fundamental problem from the point of view of statistical mechanics. Nanoscale systems are essentially small, finite volume systems, in which the concept of the thermodynamic limit is no longer valid, and the statistical ensembles are not equivalent. Here, we present a rigorous approach to the description and molecular simulations of phase transitions and criticality in small confined systems, as illustrated by the example of vapor-liquid transition (capillary condensation) in spherical cavities. The method is based on the analysis of the canonical ensemble isotherms, which can be generated by the gauge cell Monte Carlo simulation method. The method allows one to define the critical temperature of phase transition, conditions of phase equilibrium, limits of stability of metastable states, and nucleation barriers, which determine hysteretic phase transformations.
Laser‐Based Spectroscopic Studies of Actinide Complexes (2018)

Abstract The purpose of this article is to introduce laser spectroscopic studies for the chemical speciation of actinide complexes to those who are interested in the highly sensitive analytical techniques used in the nuclear industry. The chemical speciation of actinide complexes is considered to be a key concept for the safe management of spent nuclear fuels in the back‐end of a nuclear fuel cycle. Time‐resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) and laser‐induced photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) are accepted as very effective techniques to analyze trace amounts of actinide complexes in aqueous solutions. In the present case study, TRLFS and LPAS are primarily used for the chemical speciation of U(VI)‐ and Pu(VI)‐hydroxo complexes, respectively. For the practical application of TRLFS, the chemical speciation of trace amounts of Ca–U(VI)‐carbonate species dissolved in groundwater is described. A spectrophotometry coupled with a liquid waveguide capillary cell is applied for the chemical speciation of U(IV)‐hydroxo complex as an alternative technique to LPAS. The absorption and luminescence characteristics of Am(III) species are also described.
Improvement study on heat resistance of multilayer-coated replica gratings (2019)

We have been developing aperiodic W/B4C multilayer-coated replica gratings for use in the tender X-ray range 2 to 4 keV. It has become apparent that surface degradation was caused by heating multilayer gratings at around 60°C; the multilayer structure has been well maintained, whereas the grating grooves formed in epoxy resin of the replica grating were significantly deformed. Such degradation has not been observed in conventional gold-coated replica gratings as far as we know. In this study, replica gratings made with a high glass transition temperature resin were prototyped to improve the heat resistance of multilayer-coated replica gratings. Diffraction efficiencies of multilayer gratings with and without heat treatment at approximately 95°C for 60 hours were measured and compared. The fact that the change rate between the peak values is slight, being less than 3%, indicates that the heat resistance has been improved.
Mango ripening: changes in cell wall constituents in relation to textural softening (2005)

Abstract Ripening of mango ( Mangifera indica L., cv. Alphonso) fruit is characterized by a series of biochemical changes resulting in gradual textural softening. From unripe to ripe stage, the starch content came down from 18% to 0.1%; pectin from 1.9% to 0.5%; cellulose from 2% to 0.9% and hemicelluloses from 0.8% to 0.2%. Concomitantly, the total soluble solids increased from 7% to 20%, total soluble sugars from 1% to 15% and pH increased from 2.8 to 5.1. The increase in activity of several of the carbohydrate‐degrading enzymes, which resulted in solubilization of the various polysaccharide fractions, correlated with fruit‐softening phenomenon. Efficient distribution of 14 C‐starch into glucose, fructose and sucrose revealed considerable sugar interconversions indicating active gluconeogenesis during mango fruit ripening. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Therapy of Bacterial Meningitis: Principles and Practice (1989)

Since the advent of antimicrobial therapy, bacterial meningitis has changed from a disease with an almost uniformly fatal course to one in which the majority of patients now survive. The mortality rates for the three most common etiologic agents in bacterial meningitis, Hemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae , were 6%, 10.3%, and 26.3%, respectively, in the United States from 1978 to 1981. Morbidity, however, primarily in the form of neurologic sequelae, continues to be a problem in children and adults surviving bacterial meningitis. This article focuses on the principles and practice of therapy in bacterial meningitis, highlighting the experience with new antimicrobial agents and the utility of adjunctive therapy.
Rapid onset: A valid panic disorder criterion? (1997)

This study examined the value of the DSM-IV time criterion for panic disorder (PD) requiring an abrupt onset to panic attacks (PAs) with a time to peak intensity (TTPI) of less than 10 min, and evaluated features distinguishing rapid onset (TTPI < 10) from prolonged onset (TTPI > 10) panickers. Eight hundred and sixty-four respondents to the National Institute of Mental Health Panic Disorder Questionnaire (NIMH PQ) who met the first three PD criteria were compared based on the time criterion. The prolonged onset panickers (18.2%) did not differ significantly from rapid onset panickers (81.8%) on any of 100 items assessing clinical symptoms, course of illness, and comorbidity of PD. These results suggest that many patients with otherwise classic features of PD have a prolonged TTPI of PAs, and that patients with prolonged-onset PAs are similar to patients with rapid-onset PAs on most measures. The reliability, validity, and clinical relevance of the current DSM-IV TTPI criterion should be evaluated in future studies.
Effect of Progressive Mandibular Advancement on Pharyngeal Airway Size in Anesthetized Adults (2008)

Maximum mandibular advancement during propofol anesthesia is required to restore the pharyngeal airway to its size during wakefulness in normal adults.
An arginine, alanine, and phenylalanine mixture increases synthesis of ketone bodies during low-intensity exercise via stimulating glucagon secretion in men with obesity (2017)

During exercise, levels of several hormones are acutely increased in the blood. We previously reported that pre-exercise ingestion of a specific combination of amino acids (arginine, alanine, and phenylalanine; A-mix) increases fat mobilization and ketone body synthesis by increasing secretion of adrenalin and glucagon in healthy active young men. Herein, we sought to determine whether this acute hormone response could be induced upon administration of A-mix combined with exercise in patients with obesity during periods of low-intensity exercise. We performed a randomized crossover study of eleven middle-aged men with obesity without regular exercise habits, administered either A-mix (3 g/dose) or a placebo (3 g of dextrin/dose). Thirty minutes after ingestion, each subject subsequently performed workload tests on a cycle ergometer at 40% of peak oxygen consumption for 1 h. Following oral intake of A-mix, the concentration of plasma ketone bodies was significantly increased during exercise. This was accompanied by a significant increase in the area under the concentration-time curve for glucagon. Taken together, these results indicate that pre-exercise ingestion of the A-mix supplement significantly accelerated hepatic ketone body synthesis via stimulation of glucagon secretion during exercise in men with obesity.
Crashworthy Design Concepts for Airframe Structures of Light Aircraft (1981)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Crashworthy concepts for airframe structures of general aviation aircraft have been investigated under the sponsorship of NASA Langley Research Center. Several crashworthy concepts of energy-absorbing lower floor structures were developed. Design support tests were conducted to determine the performance of these concepts. Five concepts were selected for fabrication as full-scale floor test sections. These floor test sections were designed to have a high strength structural platform, capable of attaching crashworthy, energy-absorbing seats, supported by an underfloor crush zone that provides energy absorption and controls the loads to this platform. The design of these floor sections was analytically verified with NASTRAN for the static conditions and with KRASH for the dynamic conditions. From the five selected concepts, eighteen floor sections (three or four sections of each concept) were fabricated and delivered to the NASA Langley Research Center where they were tested under static and dynamic loading conditions. As a result of this investigation, it appears as though several of the crashworthy concepts are feasible and can be incorporated into the airframe design of future general aviation aircraft.&lt;/div&gt;
Análisis multidimensional de imágenes digitales (2013)

El análisis de imágenes se define como la ciencia de extracción cuantitativa de datos (numéricos, geométricos, densitométricos y espectrométricos) a partir de las mismas. Desde tiempos inmemorables el hombre ha tratado de clasificar elementos y registrar variaciones para comprender fenómenos físicos, químicos o biológicos. En particular, la biología se ha basado en la medición de las formas de los organismos y sus células para comprender los fenómenos evolutivos. Hoy en día, la morfometría nos permite establecer normas que sirven para comprender los cambios fisiológicos o patológicos observados en estas estructuras. La histología y la citología dependen del reconocimiento de las formas, donde la apreciación visual directa resulta de suma utilidad. Sin embargo, cuando debe analizarse la celularidad de un tejido o su intensidad de tinción, la observación directa carece de poder de discriminación. La histometría, en cambio, permite establecer características morfológicas de las células tales como área, perímetro, redondez, entre otras, así como determinar valores volumétricos y caracterizar parámetros de movimiento, como velocidad, dirección, aceleración de desplazamiento de células vivas o sus estructuras. Más aún, con el advenimiento de sistemas microscópicos confocales o de súper-resolución, la capacidad de medición de las estructuras resulta cada vez más precisa. En la actualidad existe una gran variedad de aplicaciones del análisis de imágenes en el campo de la medicina y la biología. El análisis de imágenes es una herramienta fundamental para dar valor agregado a las investigaciones que se realizan a nivel ultraestructural, microscópico y macroscópico, dentro de áreas tan dispersas como biología, geología, física, electrónica, etc.
Mechanisms of Action and Medicinal Applications of Abscisic Acid (2010)

Since its discovery in the early 1960's, abscisic acid (ABA) has received considerable attention as an important phytohormone, and more recently, as a candidate medicinal in humans. In plants it has been shown to regulate important physiological processes such as response to drought stress, and dormancy. The discovery of ABA synthesis in animal cells has generated interest in the possible parallels between its role in plant and animal systems. The importance of this molecule has prompted the development of several methods for the chemical synthesis of ABA, which differ significantly from the biosynthesis of ABA in plants through the mevalonic acid pathway. ABA recognition in plants has been shown to occur at both the intra- and extracellularly but little is known about the perception of ABA by animal cells. A few ABA molecular targets have been identified in vitro (e.g., calcium signaling, G protein-coupled receptors) in both plant and animal systems. A unique finding in mammalian systems, however, is that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, PPAR gamma, is upregulated by ABA in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Comparison of the human PPAR gamma gene network with Arabidopsis ABA-related genes reveal important orthologs between these groups. Also, ABA can ameliorate the symptoms of type II diabetes, targeting PPAR gamma in a similar manner as the thiazolidinediones class of anti-diabetic drugs. The use of ABA in the treatment of type II diabetes, offers encouragement for further studies concerning the biomedical applications of ABA.
Spinning Straw into Gold: Using Free Text to Train Monolingual Alignment Models for Non-factoid Question Answering (2015)

Rebecca Sharp, Peter Jansen, Mihai Surdeanu, Peter Clark. Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2015.
A new, temporarily confined population in the polar cap during the August 27, 1996 geomagnetic field distortion period (1997)

On August 27, 1996, a two‐hour energetic heavy ion event (∼1 MeV) was detected at 8:25 UT at apogee (∼9 R e and an invariant latitude of ∼80°), by the Charge and Mass Magnetospheric Ion Composition Experiment onboard POLAR. The event, with a maximum spin averaged peak flux of ∼150 particles/(cm²‐sr‐s‐MeV), showed three local peaks corresponding to three localized regions; the ion pitch angle distributions in the three regions were different from an isotropic distribution and different from each other. No comparable flux was observed by the WIND spacecraft. The appearance of lower energy He ++ and O &gt; +2 during the event period indicates a solar source for these particles. From region 1 to 2 to 3, the helium energy spectra softened. A distorted magnetic field with three local minima corresponding to the three He peak fluxes was also observed by POLAR. A possible explanation is that the energetic He ions were energized from lower energy helium by a local acceleration mechanism that preferred smaller rigidity ions in the high altitude polar cusp region.
Processing dependence of metal/tunnel-oxide/silicon junctions (1980)

The effects of process variations on the fixed-charge density, interface-state density, and tunneling properties of tunnel oxides on (100) silicon are discussed. Annealing the oxide in nitrogen reduces the fixed-charge and interface-state densities substantially, but also causes a marked increase in oxide capacitance. Anneals in forming gas before metallization alter the interface-state distribution and decrease the insulating qualities of the tunneling oxides. Postmetallization anneals in forming gas reduce the interface-state density to 1×1011 cm−2 eV−1 or below, and appear not to affect the current through the oxide. No evidence for metal-induced interface states is observed.
Spray Pyrolysis Processing (1982)

Spray pyrolysis is a process in which a thin film is deposited by spraying a solution on a heated surface, where the constituents react to form a chemical compound. The chemical reactants are selected such that the products other than the desired compound are volatile at the temperature of deposition. The process is particularly useful for the deposition of oxides and has long been a production method for applying a transparent electrical conductor of SnOx to glass (1). There have been many studies in this area since the pioneering paper by Chamberlin & Skarman (2) on CdS films for solar cells (3, 4) in 1966, among them a review of transparent conductors (5) and a bibliography Pamplin(6) presented at a conference on spray pyrolysis. We discuss here the method and its control; the properties of the films that have been deposited (particularly in relation to the conditions); some specific films, particularly CdS; and device application.
Stacked Attention-based Networks for Accurate and Interpretable Health Risk Prediction (2023)

Predicting the health risks of patients based on electronic health records (EHRs) has recently attracted considerable research interest. Health risk refers to the probability of the occurrence of a specific health outcome for a specific patient. The predicted risks of a specific health outcome can be used to support decisions by healthcare professionals. Various predictive models have been developed. Compared with traditional machine learning models, deep learning-based models have achieved more promising performance. However, due to the lack of transparency, the acceptance of deep learning-based models are often limited. This paper proposes a Stacked Attention-based Network, SANet, for accurate and interpretable health risk prediction. Two novel attention-based modules, named Convolutional Attention Module and Sequential Attention Module respectively, are designed to capture patient-specific contextual information at both feature and sequence levels. Particularly, Sequential Attention Module can flexibly learn the impact of the time interval between sequential visits and significantly enhance the interpretability and robustness of learning outcomes from sequences. Experimental results on two real-world EHR datasets demonstrate the superior predictive accuracy of our method, as well as interpretability and robustness, compared to existing state-of-the-art methods. The findings extracted by this approach are also empirically confirmed by relevant literature and medical experts.