gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rocketdyne LOX bearing tester program (1988)

The cause, or causes, for the Space Shuttle Main Engine ball wear were unknown, however, several mechanisms were suspected. Two testers were designed and built for operation in liquid oxygen to empirically gain insight into the problems and iterate solutions in a timely and cost efficient manner independent of engine testing. Schedules and test plans were developed that defined a test matrix consisting of parametric variations of loading, cooling or vapor margin, cage lubrication, material, and geometry studies. Initial test results indicated that the low pressure pump thrust bearing surface distress is a function of high axial load. Initial high pressure turbopump bearing tests produced the wear phenomenon observed in the turbopump and identified an inadequate vapor margin problem and a coolant flowrate sensitivity issue. These tests provided calibration data of analytical model predictions to give high confidence in the positive impact of future turbopump design modification for flight. Various modifications will be evaluated in these testers, since similar turbopump conditions can be produced and the benefit of the modification will be quantified in measured wear life comparisons.
Verifying pronunciation accuracy from speakers with neuromuscular disorders (2008)

This paper presents a study of confidence measure based techniques for detecting phoneme level mispronunciations in utterances from impaired children with neuromuscular disorders. Several different adaptation scenarios are investigated to determine the effects of mismatched speaker characteristics and mismatched task domain on the ability to verify the phoneme level pronunciations. These techniques are evaluated in the context of a speech corpus where utterances were elicited from children in interactive speech therapy sessions involving a multimodal game-like environment. Results are presented in terms of phone detection charateristics where, for example, equal error rates of as low as 16.2% were obtained for detecting instances where phonemes were deleted by impaired speakers.
Two-Dimensional Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2021)

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LiSBs) which are expected to fulfill the increasing demands of high-density energy storage have been under intensive investigation. However, the development of LiSBs is facing many obstacles, such as the poor electronic conductivity of sulfur, shuttling effects of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), sluggish Li<sub>2</sub>S decomposition, and low discharging/charging efficiency. Suitable electrocatalysts that can solve the above problems are promising in the development of LiSBs. Herein, 13 two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of nitrogen-, sulfur-, and oxygen-coordinated transition-metal (TM) atoms (Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) are selected and constructed to reveal the structure-activity relationship of 2D MOFs in terms of the electrocatalytic performance. Among all the 2D MOFs investigated, Cu<sub>3</sub>(HITP)<sub>2</sub>, Zn<sub>3</sub>(HITP)<sub>2</sub>, and Cu<sub>3</sub>(C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>9</sub>O<sub>3</sub>N<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> offer moderate binding strength to LiPSs, which effectively suppresses Li<sub>2</sub>S<sub><i>n</i></sub> dissolution and shuttling. Cu<sub>3</sub>(HITP)<sub>2</sub> exhibits good electrical conductivity, a low Gibbs free energy barrier, effective electrocatalytic ability for Li<sub>2</sub>S decomposition, and a high sulfur loading amount. A descriptor φ is proposed to correlate the binding energies of the 2D MOFs to the coordination environment and the electronegativity of the TM atoms in the LiPSs via an implicit volcano plot. These findings are helpful for understanding the electrocatalytic effect of 2D MOFs in LiSBs and represent a promising approach for the development of future LiSBs.
Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous aminophylline in heart transplant recipients with sinus node dysfunction. (1995)

This study suggests that the use of theophylline in patients with marked sinus node dysfunction may not decrease their risks for subsequent bradycardic events.
Analysis of the Hysteresis Behavior of Perovskite Solar Cells with Interfacial Fullerene Self-Assembled Monolayers (2016)

The use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of fullerene derivatives reduces the hysteresis of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We have investigated three different fullerene derivatives observing a decrease on hysteresis for all the cases. Several processes can contribute to the hysteresis behavior on PSCs. We have determined that the reduced hysteresis observed for devices with SAMs is produced by a decrease of the capacitive hysteresis. In addition, with an appropriated functionalization, SAMs can increase photocurrent even when no electron selective contact (ESC) is present and a SAM is deposited just on top of the transparent conductive oxide. Appropriated functionalization of the fullerene derivative, as introducing -CN groups, can enhance cell performance and reduce hysteresis. This work paves the way for a future enhancement of PSCs by a tailored design of the fullerene molecules that could actuate as an ESC by themselves.
Application of Information and Communication Technology in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry in Hong Kong (2015)

Since we are living in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) era, the use of ICT has been widely penetrated into our workplaces and daily lives. Organizations from different industry have been investing in ICT for the purpose of improving productivity and efficiency. There is growing demand for ICT in the AEC industry in Hong Kong. However, the usage of ICT in the AEC industry has been slow until recent years. Also the impact of applying ICT on AEC industry in Hong Kong has not been documented. The objective of this paper is to examine and document the current adoption of ICT and the trends of ICT development in AEC to provide a clearer insight of current usage of ICT in the industry by reviewing literatures and journals; and by questionnaire surveys. The conclusions of this study can assist stakeholders involved with the ICT adoption process in the industry including managers, service providers, consultants and end-users.
Thermal and Acid-Catalyzed Hofmann−Martius Rearrangement of 3-N-Aryl-2-oxindoles into 3-(Arylamino)-2-oxindoles (2006)

[reaction: see text] The Hofmann-Martius rearrangement of 3-N-aryl-2-oxindoles into 3-(arylamino)-2-oxindoles under thermal and acid-catalyzed conditions is described.
Autoimmune Pancreatitis: More Than Just a Pancreatic Disease?A Contemporary Review of Its Pathology (2005)

Abstract Context. —Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the pancreas constituting one quarter of Whipple resections performed for benign conditions in North America. Objective. —We review the clinical, radiologic, and characteristic histopathologic patterns of this disease and discuss the extrapancreatic manifestations of AIP. Design. —We searched the literature using MEDLINE and OVID, related conference abstracts, and bibliographies of selected studies. Results. —Autoimmune pancreatitis predominantly affects elderly individuals, frequently presenting as obstructive jaundice and occasionally in association with other autoimmune diseases. The histology is characterized by a collar of periductal inflammation, obliterative phlebitis, and the absence of stigmata of alcoholic pancreatitis. A prepancreatectomy diagnosis can be rendered using a combination of clinical findings, radiologic features, elevated immunoglobulin G4 levels, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy, and response to steroids. The disease can involve the bile ducts (sclerosing cholangitis), gallbladder (lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing cholecystitis), and kidney (interstitial nephritis) and can form inflammatory masses in the lungs. Conclusions. —Despite significant evolution in our understanding of AIP, a prepancreatectomy diagnosis remains a challenge in the North American and European population.
Effect of iron supplementation on physical growth in children: systematic review of randomised controlled trials (2006)

This review did not document a positive effect of iron supplementation on the physical growth of children. The identified predictors of heterogeneity should be considered as exploratory and requiring confirmation, not conclusive.
Design and construction of a Rogowski’s coil with compensated RC integrators for measuring impulse current (2007)

This paper presents design and construction of an impulse current measuring system used in residual voltage tests for surge arresters. The measuring system is composed of a Rogowski's coil and an RC integrator with a compensation circuit. The simulation and experimental results show that the system gives better performances compared with the conventional method.
Sequential Bayesian learning in linear networks with random decision making (2014)

In this paper, we consider the problem of social learning when decisions by agents in a network are made randomly. The agents receive private signals and use them for decision making on binary hypotheses under which the signals are generated. The agents make the decisions sequentially one at a time. All the agents know the decisions of the previous agents. We study a setting where the agents instead of making deterministic decisions by maximizing personal expected utility, they act randomly according to their private beliefs. We propose a method by which the agents learn from the previous agents' random decisions using the Bayesian theory. We define the concept of social belief about the truthfulness of the two hypotheses and analyze its convergence. We provide performance and convergence analysis of the proposed method as well as simulation results that include comparisons with a deterministic decision making system.
Effects of retinoid treatment of rats on hepatic microsomal metabolism and cytochromes P450. Correlation between retinoic acid receptor/retinoid x receptor selectivity and effects on metabolic enzymes. (1998)

Retinoids are compounds that bind to and activate one or more retinoid receptors to elicit various physiological responses. There are two families of retinoid receptors, i.e. retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR), for which the various synthetic and naturally occurring retinoids have differing selectivities. The synthetic analogs LG100268 and LGD1069 (Targretin) are RXR-selective, whereas ALRT1550 is highly RAR-selective. Naturally occurring all-trans-retinoic acid (Tretinoin) has a degree of selectivity for RAR, whereas ALRT1057 (9-cis-retinoic acid, Panretin) is equally active at RAR and RXR (i. e. a pan-agonist). To evaluate the effects of these compounds on metabolic enzymes, male Sprague-Dawley rats received daily oral doses for 4 days, and liver microsomes were prepared on day 5. As a class, these ligands exerted profound effects on hepatic microsomal metabolic enzyme levels. Those with RAR activity decreased hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP or P450) levels and in vitro metabolism of the compound of pretreatment, whereas those exerting predominantly RXR activity increased these parameters. A similar relationship was observed when glucuronidation was examined. Hepatic CYP2B1/2 was unaffected and CYP3A was decreased by RAR-selective ALRT1550, whereas both were induced by ligands selective for RXR. However, both RAR- and RXR-selective ligands decreased CYP1A2, whereas they induced CYP4A. Although the mechanisms underlying these effects are not known, these results suggest that RAR- and RXR-binding ligands exert distinct effects on hepatic metabolism, and they indicate the potential for drug-drug interactions, especially involving CYP3A. The nature of such interactions would depend on the RAR/RXR selectivity of the ligand and the P450 isozymes responsible for the metabolism of coadministered drugs.
Ligands for Iron‐based Homogeneous Catalysts for the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones and Imines (2016)

A current endeavor in research is the replacement of expensive and rare platinum group metal homogeneous catalysts with those of earth abundant metals such as iron, cobalt, nickel and zinc. In order for these cheaper metals to achieve comparable activity with conventional industrial catalysts, they must be activated by suitable ligands. These often offer a site of reactivity for substrate activation in addition to tuning the electronic properties of the metal and controlling the stereochemistry around the metal. Catalysis that is thought to exploit this extra point of reactivity at the ligand is termed metal–ligand bifunctional catalysis or metal–ligand cooperative catalysis. This chapter describes the design elements for ligands required to activate iron(II) so that the resulting complexes can serve for the first time as effective catalysts for the asymmetric reduction of ketones and imines, either by asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) from isopropanol solvent or asymmetric direct hydrogenation (ADH) using hydrogen gas.
Addiction (2002)

The development of addiction involves a transition from casual to compulsive patterns of drug use. This transition to addiction is accompanied by many drug-induced changes in the brain and associated changes in psychological functions. In this article we present a critical analysis of the major theoretical explanations of how drug-induced alterations in psychological function might cause a transition to addiction. These include: (a) the traditional hedonic view that drug pleasure and subsequent unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are the chief causes of addiction; (b) the view that addiction is due to aberrant learning, especially the development of strong stimulus-response habits; (c) our incentive-sensitization view, which suggests that sensitization of a neural system that attributes incentive salience causes compulsive motivation or "wanting" to take addictive drugs; and (d) the idea that dysfunction of frontal cortical systems, which normally regulate decision making and inhibitory control over behavior, leads to impaired judgment and impulsivity in addicts.
Tumorspezifische, Hypoxie‐basierte Aktivierung von EGFR‐Inhibitoren (2014)

Abstract Die Entwicklung von Rezeptor‐Tyrosinkinase‐Inhibitoren (TKIs) ist ein Meilenstein in der Entwicklung neuer Tumortherapeutika. Allerdings geht die TKI‐Therapie mit starken Nebenwirkungen und Chemotherapieresistenz einher. Ziel dieser Studie war die Synthese und präklinische Entwicklung eines neuen Inhibitors des Epidermalen Wachstumsfaktorrezeptors (EGFR), der durch die spezifischen Eigenschaften des malignen Gewebes aktiviert wird. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein Co III ‐basiertes “Prodrug‐Design” verwendet, das die gezielte Freisetzung des aktiven EGFR‐Inhibitors durch den im soliden Tumor auftretenden Sauerstoffmangel (Hypoxie) ermöglicht. Hierfür wurden mehrere neue EGFR‐hemmende Liganden mit Chelateinheiten synthetisiert, und derjenige mit dem größten EGFR‐hemmenden Potenzial wurde für die Komplexierung mit Co III ausgewählt. Anschließend wurden hypoxische Aktivierung und Hemmung des EGFR‐Signalwegs nachgewiesen, und eine vielversprechende Aktivität des neuen Komplexes in vivo wurde gezeigt.
Preparation of a Polyclonal Antibody and a Bioassay for Nitroaromatic Compounds by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Technique and a Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor (2003)

Sensitive and selective detection of 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenyl derivatives (TNP derivatives) based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was performed using polyclonal anti-TNP antibody and N-(TNP)-ovalbumin (TNP-OVA) conjugate. TNP-bovine serum albumin (TNP-BSA) conjugate was injected into the mice, and polyclonal anti-TNP antibody was gained after purification of the sera using protein G. TNP-OVA was immobilized on the Au film of the SPR sensor chip by physical adsorption. The incidence angle shift of the TNP-OVA immobilized sensor increased steeply with increasing concentration of anti-TNP antibody up to 20 μg/ml and increased only slightly above this concentration. The additions of TNP derivatives into the anti-TNP antibody solution were found to decrease the incidence angle shift because of the inhibition effects of TNP derivatives. The lowest detection limit for trinitrotoluene (TNT) by SPR was 1×10 -7 g/ml, whereas for TNP-6-aminohexanoic acid (TNP-aha) it was 3×10 -9 g/ml. Evaluations of affinity constants of anti-TNP antibody were performed. Analyses of SPR data were carried out by assumptions of the Langmuir isotherm and equilibrium state of immunoreaction. The value of association constant between anti-TNP antibody and immobilized TNP-OVA (K 1 ) was 6.4×10 6 M -1 . The values of association constants between antibody and TNP-aha (K 2 ) were 2.7 and 8.5×10 6 M -1 when 20 and 10 μg/ml antibody were used, respectively.
Low-cost wavemeter with a solid Fizeau interferometer and fiber-optic input (1991)

A wavemeter suitable for measuring the wavelength of pulsed and continuous laser light has been constructed on the basis of a solid Fizeau interferometer (SFI). An accuracy of 1 part in 10(6) has been demonstrated in a range extending from 563 to 613 nm. The use of the SFI and of a combination of a single-mode optical fiber and an achromatic lens as a beam collimating system substantially simplifies the optical layout and reduces cost. The difficulties connected with the dispersion of the SFI have been overcome by an analytical description of the characteristics of the interferometer and accurate temperature stabilization.
Scalable synthesis of catalysts for the Mizoroki–Heck cross coupling reaction: palladium nanoparticles assembled in a polymeric nanosphere (2011)

Palladium nano-spheres 160 nm in diameter, as an assembly of uniform 5 nm nanoparticles, are accessible using a facile one step method under continuous flow on a spinning disc with hydrogen gas as the reducing agent. The stable colloidal system is an effective catalyst for the Mizoroki–Heck reaction, as established for the reaction between several aryl halides and n-butyl acrylate, and can be readily recycled without a change in their catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: From Supramolecular Chirogenic Systems Towards Prospective Functional Materials (2015)

Abstract Review: 10 refs.
Assessment of HBV flare in a randomized clinical trial in HIV/HBV coinfected subjects initiating HBV-active antiretroviral therapy in Thailand (2012)

NCT00192595.
Winter sky brightness and cloud cover at Dome A, Antarctica (2012)

Abstract At the summit of the Antarctic plateau, Dome A offers an intriguing location for future large scale optical astronomical observatories. The Gattini Dome A project was created to measure the optical sky brightness and large area cloud cover of the winter-time sky above this high altitude Antarctic site. The wide field camera and multi-filter system was installed on the PLATO instrument module as part of the Chinese-led traverse to Dome A in January 2008. This automated wide field camera consists of an Apogee U4000 interline CCD coupled to a Nikon fisheye lens enclosed in a heated container with glass window. The system contains a filter mechanism providing a suite of standard astronomical photometric filters (Bessell B, V, R) and a long-pass red filter for the detection and monitoring of airglow emission. The system operated continuously throughout the 2009, and 2011 winter seasons and part-way through the 2010 season, recording long exposure images sequentially for each filter. We have in hand one complete winter-time dataset (2009) returned via a manned traverse. We present here the first measurements of sky brightness in the photometric V band, cloud cover statistics measured so far and an estimate of the extinction.
How to Build a Non-Volatile Memory Database Management System (2017)

The difference in the performance characteristics of volatile (DRAM) and non-volatile storage devices (HDD/SSDs) influences the design of database management systems (DBMSs). The key assumption has always been that the latter is much slower than the former. This affects all aspects of a DBMS's runtime architecture. But the arrival of new non-volatile memory (NVM) storage that is almost as fast as DRAM with fine-grained read/writes invalidates these previous design choices.
Recent Advances in ROS-Sensitive Nano-Formulations for Atherosclerosis Applications (2021)

Over the past decade, ROS-sensitive formulations have been widely used in atherosclerosis applications such as ROS scavenging, drug delivery, gene delivery, and imaging. The intensified interest in ROS-sensitive formulations is attributed to their unique self-adaptive properties, involving the main molecular mechanisms of solubility switch and degradation under the pathological ROS differences in atherosclerosis. This review outlines the advances in the use of ROS-sensitive formulations in atherosclerosis applications during the past decade, especially highlighting the general design requirements in relation to biomedical functional performance.
Optimizing Carbon Nanotube Contacts for Use in Organic Photovoltaics: Preprint (2008)

This report describes research on optimizing carbon nanotube networks for use as transparent electrical contacts (TCs) in organic photovoltaics (OPV).
Halophage HF2: genome organization and replication strategy (1995)

Halophage HF2 is a lytic, broad-host-range bacteriophage of the extremely halophilic domain Archaea. It has a 79.7-kb double-stranded DNA genome which is linear, contains no modified nucleotides, and is not susceptible to cleavage by many type II restriction endonucleases. This insensitivity is attributed to selection against palindromic restriction sites, a commonly observed feature of broad-host-range phages. Interestingly, enzymes that did cut the genome recognized AT-rich sites, and five such enzymes, DraI, AseI, HpaI, HindIII, and SspI, were used to construct a physical map of the genome. Southern hybridization experiments used to order fragments on the map indicated homologies between the phage termini, and subsequent sequence analysis showed that HF2 possessed 306-bp direct terminal repeats. The presence of such repeats suggested replication through concatameric intermediates, and this was confirmed by analysis of the state of the phage genome in infected cells. This is a replication strategy adopted by many well-studied bacterial phages, for example T3 and T7. Other similarities between the terminal repeats of T3 or T7 and HF2 include a putative nick site at the repeat border and a series of short imperfect repeats. These observations suggest a long evolutionary history for concatamer-based strategies of phage replication, possibly predating the divergence of Archaea/Eucarya and Bacteria, or alternatively, indicate possible lateral transfer of phage genes or modules between the domains Archaea and Bacteria.