gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Texture characteristic extraction of medical images based on pyramid structure wavelet transform (2010)

In order to extract image texture features of medical images, pyramid structure wavelet (PWT) is used in this paper. A group of gray-scale images of chest CT from medical image database are selected as test set. The PWT using three different wavelets bases db6, db2 and Haar are carried out to extract texture feature of each image respectively. A method called symmetric circular extension which takes the boundary as symmetric center are utilized to overcome data increasing and large errors existed nearby reconstructed signal. Empirical results show that the texture feature of chest CT images is mainly concentrated in the low frequency part. However, LH, HL and HH sub-bands contain only less than 7% of the total energy. The PWT using haar wavelet basis extracts more information than it using db2 and db6 wavelet basis. For texture analysis of medical images, the PWT algorithm using haar wavelet base can improve the performance of feature extraction of each sub-band.
Synthesis and characterization of bis-triruthenium cluster derivatives of an all equatorial [60]fullerene tetramalonate (2015)

The reaction of the tetrakis[di(ethoxycarbonyl)methano]-C60 (1) with Ru3(CO)12 afforded the first bis-parallel C60-metal cluster complex: parallel-[Ru3(CO)9]2{μ3-η(2),η(2),η(2)-C60[C(COOC2H5)2]4}. The two triruthenium groups are found in either a parallel or a tilted orientation relative to each other, as determined by NMR. Only the parallel form was characterized by X-ray crystallography.
Simultaneous structure design optimization of multiple car models using multiobjective evolutionary algorithm and FEM structure analysis (2019)

A design system for simultaneous structure design optimization of multiple car models is developed and applied to a simultaneous design optimization of MAZDA CX-5 (SUV), MAZDA6 wagon (large vehicle), and MAZDA3 hatchback (small vehicle) to demonstrate feasibility of the developed design tool. The objectives of this design optimization problem are minimization of total weight of three car models and maximization of number of common thickness parts. This problem is difficult to find good Pareto-optimal designs because (1) number of design variable is large (222), and (2) number of constraints is large (45). To find the Pareto-optimal designs of this problem efficiently, an evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithm named Cheetah is adopted. To evaluate crash performances accurately, a finite-element software LS-DYNA is used for each crash mode. To overcome difficulty in computational time, the K computer is used, where the required computational time is about 600 hours using 73,728 cores of the K computer. As a result, many designs that outperform the initial design developed by Mazda Motor Corporation are found and useful trade-off information between the minimization of total weight and maximization of number of common thickness parts is obtained.
Multidrug Resistance‐Associated Protein (MRP/ABCC Proteins) (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Structural similarities among ABCC proteins Endogenous expression levels and physiological functions of ABCC proteins References
Optical proximity effects correction at 0.25 um incorporating process variations in lithography (1997)

We study the optical proximity effect and its correction using empirically derived models for DUV lithography taking into account random process variations. The sensitivity of corrected configurations to different sources of process variation (exposure dose, defocus) is evaluated. For correction at a centered condition (optimum dose, zero defocus), problems may arise in ill-conditioned areas (inside corners of T-shape features, butting line-ends, etc.), when going away from the best focus and/or exposure dose, within the exposure/defocus window. Correction for sharp corners (aggressive correction) shows a stronger sensitivity to defocus than less corner sharpening (conservative correction). Furthermore, we study what types of design configurations tend to print poorly with process variations and investigate alternative correction optimization schemes that stabilize the printing performance in such areas. Various optimization alternatives to improve performance within the process window are evaluated.
The Modified Super-Ellipsoid Yield Criterion for Human Trabecular Bone (2004)

Despite the importance of multiaxial failure of trabecular bone in many biomechanical applications, to date no complete multiaxial failure criterion for human trabecular bone has been developed. By using experimentally validated nonlinear high-resolution, micromechanical finite-element models as a surrogate for multiaxial loading experiments, we determined the three-dimensional normal strain yield surface and all combinations of the two-dimensional normal-shear strain yield envelope. High-resolution finite-element models of three human femoral neck trabecular bone specimens obtained through microcomputed tomography were used. In total, 889 multiaxial-loading cases were analyzed, requiring over 41,000 CPU hours on parallel supercomputers. Our results indicated that the multiaxial yield behavior of trabecular bone in strain space was homogeneous across the specimens and nearly isotropic. Analysis of stress-strain curves along each axis in the 3-D normal strain space indicated uncoupled yield behavior whereas substantial coupling was seen for normal-shear loading. A modified super-ellipsoid surface with only four parameters fit the normal strain yield data very well with an arithmetic error +/-SD less than -0.04 +/- 5.1%. Furthermore, the principal strains associated with normal-shear loading showed excellent agreement with the yield surface obtained for normal strain loading (arithmetic error +/- SD < 2.5 +/- 6.5%). We conclude that the four-parameter "Modified Super-Ellipsoid" yield surface presented here describes the multiaxial failure behavior of human femoral neck trabecular bone very well.
Friction welding of titanium and SUS304 stainless steel. (1993)

The optimum welding condition for brake type friction welding of titanium and SUS304 stainless steel was investigated using a response surface method. The optimum friction pressure, forging pressure, friction time and rotating speed of welding were determined as 91MPa, 195MPa, 0.8s and 1842rpm, respectively. The joint welded in CO2 gas had higher tensile strength than that welded in air. The transformation of -Ti into -Ti and -Fe(Cr) into -Fe(Cr),and the formation of intermetallic compound (Fe(Ni)Ti) were induced by the interdiffusion along the welding interface. The joint strength depends on the width of -Ti and Fe(Ni)Ti layer.
Prussian blue: a new framework of electrode materials for sodium batteries (2012)

Prussian blue and its analogues consisting of different transition-metal ions (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Co and Zn) have been synthesized at room temperature. Insertion of Na into KFe(2)(CN)(6) in a carbonate electrolyte exhibited a reversible capacity near 100 mA h g(-1) with no capacity fade in 30 cycles. The data indicate that a Na-ion battery with a Prussian blue framework as a cathode will be feasible.
Preparation, Characterization, and Flame Retardancy of Novel Rosin-Based Siloxane Epoxy Resins (2012)

A series of novel rosin-based siloxane epoxy resins (AESE copolymers) were prepared by the reaction of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether modified acrylpimaric acid (AP-EGDE) with poly(methylphenylsiloxane). The chemical structures of the produced epoxy resins were determined by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) test. After modification, the tensile strengths of AESE (20–40) are slightly lower than that of AP-EGDE; however their breaking elongations are higher than that of AP-EGDE remarkably. TGA results reveal that the thermal stability of AESE serials is better than that of AP-EGDE due to the formation of a protective residue. The char residue of AESE increases at 700 °C with its silicon content increases. Nevertheless, there is a peak LOI value for AESE when its silicon content is 30%. Moreover, the chemical structures of char at the end of the LOI test were analyzed by FTIR. The results confirmed the formation of the protective residue.
A Further Discussion of Stimulated Emission of Bremsstrahlung (1963)

In an earlier paper <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> we proved the existence of stimulated emission of bremsstrahlung for electrons moving in the vicinity of nuclei. However, no estimate of the available power was given at that time. This paper extends the theory to the fourth order of perturbation theory, which allows one to estimate the available power from this process. We find that the available power increases proportional to the fifth power of the frequency, and that one might obtain power in the order of one watt at a frequency of 1000 gigacycles. The oscillation condition at these high frequencies is met by the passage of many slow electrons through a dense assembly of ions or atoms. Although these conditions are uncommon, stimulated emission of bremsstrahlung may play a role at microwave frequencies in very high current semiconductor experiments.
Deep Borehole Field Test Research Activities at LBNL (2016)

The goal of the U.S. Department of Energy Used Fuel Disposition’s (UFD) Deep Borehole Field Test is to drill two 5 km large-diameter boreholes: a characterization borehole with a bottom-hole diameter of 8.5 inches and a field test borehole with a bottom-hole diameter of 17 inches. These boreholes will be used to demonstrate the ability to drill such holes in crystalline rocks, effectively characterize the bedrock repository system using geophysical, geochemical, and hydrological techniques, and emplace and retrieve test waste packages. These studies will be used to test the deep borehole disposal concept, which requires a hydrologically isolated environment characterized by low permeability, stable fluid density, reducing fluid chemistry conditions, and an effective borehole seal. During FY16, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory scientists conducted a number of research studies to support the UFD Deep Borehole Field Test effort. This work included providing supporting data for the Los Alamos National Laboratory geologic framework model for the proposed deep borehole site, conducting an analog study using an extensive suite of geoscience data and samples from a deep (2.5 km) research borehole in Sweden, conducting laboratory experiments and coupled process modeling related to borehole seals, and developing a suite of potential techniques that could be applied to the characterization and monitoring of the deep borehole environment. The results of these studies are presented in this report.
Symbiotic Multi-Path Routing with Attractor Selection (2006)

In this paper we discuss the effects of symbiosis when using an attractor selection model for multi-path routing in an overlay network. Attractor selection is a biologically inspired approach which is found in E. coli cells to self-adaptively react to changes of a nutrient in the environment. It is driven by noise and we present its application to selecting the paths in an overlay network for the transmission of a packet. This selection is performed with randomization to reduce the selfishness of each flow and to improve the overall performance of the network. Our main focus in this paper lies on showing the symbiotic behavior in the interaction of competing flows
Temporary bridge deck panels. (2009)

The research described here has resulted in the development of a simplistic and innovative interlocking glulam bridge deck panel for use in temporary bridge deck applications. The key feature of this panel system is the interlocking tongue and groove joint. The joint provides both displacement compatibility and structural load transfer between panels. The unique structural tongue and groove design successfully addresses two common issues with existing transverse glulam bridge decks: (1) It reduces differential movement between panels which is a very common problem with noninterconnected glulam deck systems in use today; and (2) It allows the deck system to be installed completely from the top, eliminating the need for workers to install bolts from underneath the bridge deck. Other design advantages of the panels include: prefabrication for rapid on site installation, reusability, and because they are made from wood, the panels are relatively lightweight and have a relatively high strength to weight ratio when compared to steel and concrete alternatives.
Using principal component analysis for selecting network behavioral anomaly metrics (2010)

This work addresses new approaches to behavioral analysis of networks and hosts for the purposes of security monitoring and anomaly detection. Most commonly used approaches simply implement anomaly detectors for one, or a few, simple metrics and those metrics can exhibit unacceptable false alarm rates. For instance, the anomaly score of network communication is defined as the reciprocal of the likelihood that a given host uses a particular protocol (or destination);this definition may result in an unrealistically high threshold for alerting to avoid being flooded by false positives. We demonstrate that selecting and adapting the metrics and thresholds, on a host-by-host or protocol-by-protocol basis can be done by established multivariate analyses such as PCA. We will show how to determine one or more metrics, for each network host, that records the highest available amount of information regarding the baseline behavior, and shows relevant deviances reliably. We describe the methodology used to pick from a large selection of available metrics, and illustrate a method for comparing the resulting classifiers. Using our approach we are able to reduce the resources required to properly identify misbehaving hosts, protocols, or networks, by dedicating system resources to only those metrics that actually matter in detecting network deviations.
ARWin - a desktop augmented reality Window Manager (2003)

We present ARWin, a single user 3D augmented reality desktop. We explain our design considerations and system architecture and discuss a variety of applications and interaction techniques designed to take advantage of this new platform.
Phannacokinetics of ticarcillin/clavulanate in severely burned patients (1989)

A pharmacokinetic trial with ticarcillin/clavulanate was undertaken in patients with severe burns. Timentin 5.2 g (ticarcillin 5 g + clavulanate 200 mg) was administered by iv infusion over 20 min, two or three times daily. Fifteen patients with varying amounts of total body surface (TBS) burned could be evaluated for pharmacokinetic calculations (group A, greater than 20% TBS, n = 7; group B, less than 10% TBS, n = 8). Both groups presented similar pharmacokinetic behaviour. Compared with healthy volunteers, the volume of distribution for both ticarcillin and clavulanate was increased 2.5 times. For ticarcillin the mean elimination half-lives in serum were 95.1 (A) and 86.1 min. (B), respectively; for clavulanate, the half-lives were 144.0 (A) and 132.1 min (B), respectively. The 0-8-h urine recovery of ticarcillin was 84% (A) and 83% (B), and for clavulanate it was 86% (A) and 88% (B) of the administered dose. As a consequence of the increased distribution volumes and the increased AUC's in severely burned patients the highest recommended dose of ticarcillin/clavulanate appears suitable.
Half Load-Cycle Worked Dual SEPIC Single-Stage Inverter (2016)

The two-stage converter is widely used in traditional DC/AC inverter. It has several disadvantages such as complex topology, large volume and high loss. In order to overcome these shortcomings, a novel half load-cycle worked dual SEPIC single-stage inverter, which is based on the analysis of the relationship between input and output voltages of SEPIC converters operating in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), is presented in this paper. The traditional single-stage inverter has remarkable advantages in small and medium power applications, but it can&#x2019;t realize boost DC/AC output directly. Besides one pre-boost DC/DC converter is needed between the DC source and the traditional single-stage inverter. A novel DC/AC inverter without pre-boost DC/DC converter, which is comprised of two SEPIC converters, is studied. The output of dual SEPIC converters is connected with anti-parallel and half load-cycle control is used to realize boost and buck DC/AC output directly and work properly, whatever the DC input voltage is higher or lower than the AC output voltage. The working principle, parameter selection and the control strategy of the inverters are analyzed in this paper. Simulation and experiment results verify the feasibility of the new inverter.
Reduced complexity symbol detectors with parallel structure for ISI channels (1994)

The problem of practical realization of the optimal fixed-delay symbol-by-symbol detection algorithm, which is optimum in the sense of minimizing the symbol error probability, given a delay constraint D, is investigated. A fully-parallel structure is developed, and through systematic reformulations of the algorithm, the computational requirements are reduced considerably. In addition, the problems associated with a large dynamic range such as overflow (or underflow) are (practically) removed. A number of approximations are applied to this simplified parallel symbol (SPS) detector that lead to the derivation of suboptimal detectors. One such suboptimal detector is shown to be the same as the minimum-metric Viterbi detector. A brief comparison of the SPS detector and the Viterbi detector shows that the former has a slightly better performance at low values of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the latter performs a smaller number of computations (particularly) at higher values of SNR; otherwise, the two detectors are comparable in performance and complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Virtual interferogram-generation algorithm for robust complex amplitude measurement using two interferograms (2016)

We propose a virtual interferogram-generation algorithm using two interferograms. This algorithm can measure a complex amplitude of a signal beam with high accuracy even when its intensity is greater than the intensity of a reference beam. Unlike the conventional algorithm that uses two interferograms, our algorithm can compute measurements when the phase shift of interferograms in not equal to π/2. Our method generates two phase-shifted holograms in a computer by capturing the intensities of two signal beams, two reference beams, and two interferograms. The complex amplitude of a signal beam is calculated by four interference patterns, two holograms, and two interferograms. The proposed algorithm can drastically suppress the calculation error caused by the smaller value between the intensity of the reference beam and can choose the most suitable phase shift.
Band parameters and electronic structures of wurtzite ZnO and ZnO∕MgZnO quantum wells (2006)

The band structures of wurtzite ZnO are calculated by the empirical pseudopotential method (EPM). The eight parameters of the Zn and O atomic pseudopotential form factors are obtained with the formula of Schluter et al.[Phys. Rev. B 12, 4200 (1975)]. The band parameters are extracted by using a k∙p Hamiltonian to fit the EPM results. The calculated band-edge energies (Eg, EA, EB, and EC) at the Γ point are in good agreement with the experimental results. Based on the band parameters obtained, valence subbands of wurtzite ZnO∕MgxZn1−xO tensile-strained quantum wells with different well widths and Mg compositions are calculated by the six-band k∙p method.
Conceptual and methodological advances in child-reported outcomes measurement (2010)

Increasingly, clinical, pharmaceutical and translational research studies use patient-reported outcomes as primary and secondary end points. Obtaining this type of information from children themselves is now possible, but effective assessment requires developmentally sensitive conceptual models of child health and an appreciation for the rapid change in children's cognitive capacities. To overcome these barriers, outcomes researchers have capitalized on innovations in modern measurement theory, qualitative methods for instrument development and new computerized technologies to create reliable and valid methods for obtaining self-reported health data among 8-17-year-old children. This article provides a developmentally focused framework for selecting child-report health assessment instruments. Several generic health-related quality of life instruments and the assessment tools developed by the NIH-sponsored Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System network are discussed to exemplify advances in the measurement of children's self-reported health, illness, wellbeing and quality of life.
Nutlin-3a induces KRAS mutant lung cancer specific methuosis-like cell death that is dependent on GFPT2 (2023)

Abstract Oncogenic KRAS mutation, the most frequent mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is an aggressiveness risk factor and leads to the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells by promoting glucose, glutamine, and fatty acid absorption and glycolysis. Lately, sotorasib was approved by the FDA as a first-in-class KRAS -G12C inhibitor. However, sotorasib still has a derivative barrier, which is not effective for other KRAS mutation types, except for G12C. Additionally, resistance to sotorasib is likely to develop, demanding the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. In this study, we found that nutlin-3a, an MDM2 antagonist, inhibited the KRAS-PI3K/Akt-mTOR pathway and disrupted the fusion of both autophagosomes and macropinosomes with lysosomes. This further elucidated non-apoptotic and catastrophic macropinocytosis associated methuosis-like cell death, which was found to be dependent on GFPT2 of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, specifically in KRAS mutant NSCLC cells. These results indicate the potential of nutlin-3a as an alternative agent for treating KRAS mutant NSCLC cells.
Dynamic etching of silicon for broadband antireflection applications (2002)

An electrochemical etching technique has been developed that provides continuous control over the porosity of a porous silicon layer as a function of etching depth. Thin films with engineered porosity gradients, and thus a controllable gradient in the index of refraction, have been used to demonstrate broadband antireflection properties on silicon wafer and solar cell substrates. A simulation was also developed to examine the effects of specific porosity profiles on film reflectivity.
Fracture Preventing Effects of Maxmarvil® Tablets (Alendronate 5 mg + Calcitriol 0.5 µg) in Patients with Osteoporosis (2017)

This prospective observational study demonstrated that alendronate 5 mg + calcitriol 0.5 µg/day had a preventive effect on osteoporotic fracture and it increased the BMD of the lumbar spine by 5% at the latest follow-up.