gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transport to a Rotating Disk in Turbulent Flow at High Prandtl or Schmidt Number (1973)

The eddy viscosity distribution near the surface of a rotating disk is determined from an analysis of the basic conservation equations. The results are applied to the high Schmidt number problem and good agreement is obtained with experimental data for the mass flux.
Methods used in veterinary practice to maintain the temperature of intravenous fluids (2006)

To determine the methods used in veterinary practice to maintain the temperature of intravenous fluids, and the users' impression of their efficacy, data were collected from a survey of 150 veterinary practices. Of the 99 per cent of the practices that warmed intravenous fluids, the use of a heat retention bag cover was most popular and was considered most effective. In a laboratory experiment, four methods of maintaining the temperature of intravenous fluids were compared. The results showed that there was a significant loss of heat through the giving set. A heat retention cover was an effective device for maintaining the temperature of the prewarmed fluid in its bag. The use of ;hot hands' (a sealed surgical glove containing warmed water) was most effective in reducing heat loss from the delivered fluid, and was aided by prewarming the giving set.
POTENTIAL DESIGN ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF SIMULATOR SICKNESS AND A RESEARCH SIMULATOR SPECIFICATION (1986)

In this paper is addressed the problem of vehicular simulator-induced sickness from the standpoint of simulator design etiological factors. A brief discussion of engineering design characteristics that exhibit potential for contributing to simulator sickness is presented. This discussion draws from studies performed on simulators to date along with other pertinent perceptual distortion literature and documentation of specific simulator problems. Potential etiological factors that are discussed include control loop lags and delays, control loading and damping, dynamic inaccuracies, fixed-base versus motion-base issues, illusory motion techniques, anomalous motion cues, motion enhancement devices, visual generation systems, field-of-view, scene detail and visual motion, dynamic imaging problems, display distortions, and cockpit environment factors. It is clear that many of these factors may interact in their influence on simulator sickness in a manner that is difficult to predict. On the basis of these potential etiological factors, basic requirements needed in a generic simulator research facility to investigate simulator engineering design influences on sickness are suggested.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Combined Alloreactive CTL Cellular Therapy with Prodrug Activator Gene Therapy in a Model of Breast Cancer Metastatic to the Brain (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 73K&lt;/p&gt;
Roundtable debate: Controversies in the management of the septic patient--desperately seeking consensus. (2004)

Despite continuous advances in technologic and pharmacologic management, the mortality rate from septic shock remains high. Care of patients with sepsis includes measures to support the circulatory system and treat the underlying infection. There is a substantial body of knowledge indicating that fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, and antibiotics accomplish these goals. Recent clinical trials have provided new information on the addition of individual adjuvant therapies. Consensus on how current therapies should be prescribed is lacking. We present the reasoning and preferences of a group of intensivists who met to discuss the management of an actual case. The focus is on management, with emphasis on the criteria by which treatment decisions are made. It is clear from the discussion that there are areas where there is agreement and areas where opinions diverge. This presentation is intended to show how experienced intensivists apply clinical science to their practice of critical care medicine.
Michael-Type Cyclizations in Lantibiotic Biosynthesis Are Reversible (2015)

Lanthipeptides are members of the ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). They are generated in two biosynthetic steps: dehydration of Ser and Thr residues to the corresponding dehydroamino acids and subsequent conjugate addition by the thiol of Cys residues to generate the characteristic lanthionine and methyllanthionine thioether-bridged structures. Typically, a lanthipeptide contains multiple thioether cross-links. Recent studies have proposed that the final ring topology may be under thermodynamic control. If so, then the Michael-type cyclization reaction would need to be reversible, but such reversibility has never been demonstrated. We show here for the class I lanthipeptide cyclase NisC and class II lanthipeptide synthetase HalM2 that, indeed, the conjugate addition reactions are reversible and that the enzymes can open up all thioether rings in their products. We also propose that a His residue that is conserved among the lanthipeptide cyclases acts as the acid or base that protonates or generates the enolate intermediate during thioether ring formation and opening, respectively.
Selective hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines catalyzed by a novel iron complex (2015)

Hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines constitutes an atom-efficient and environmentally benign synthetic reaction. Herein we present a novel complex based on earth-abundant iron, and its application in the catalytic homogeneous hydrogenation of (hetero)aromatic, benzylic, and aliphatic nitriles to selectively form primary amines.
Strategy for successfully coating a 22” diameter mirror for the keck telescope with protected silver using 6” sputter cathodes (2001)

A durable silver coating with an average reflectance of &gt;94% from 280nm to &gt; 2500 nm was deposited on a 22-inch diameter optic for the Keck Observatory. This paper describes the strategies used to accomplish this using small 6” diameter sputtering cathodes.
Indoline Dyes with Benzothiazole Unit for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (2016)

We report a new series of indoline dyes with a donor–aromatic–acceptor (D–π–A) structure. D–π–A metal-free organic dyes with indoline–benzothiazole–rhodanine units were synthesized and their photov...
Functional Outcomes after Treatment of Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries: Clinical Study (2013)

Statistically validated tests like DASH and SF-36 questionnaires are valuable tools for evaluating TBPI patients. Centers specialized in treating TBPI with surgery may use these tests pre- and postoperatively which lead to objective personalized evaluation of patients' subjective symptoms.
Emergence of a new clone of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor displacing V. cholerae O139 Bengal in Bangladesh (1997)

The emergence of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal in 1993, its rapid spread in an epidemic form, in which it replaced existing strains of V. cholerae O1 during 1992 and 1993, and the subsequent reemergence of V. cholerae O1 of the El Tor biotype in Bangladesh since 1994 have raised questions regarding the origin of the reemerged El Tor vibrios. We studied 50 El Tor vibrio strains isolated in Bangladesh and four other countries in Asia and Africa before the emergence of V. cholerae O139 and 32 strains isolated in Bangladesh during and after the epidemic caused by V. cholerae O139 and 32 strains isolated in Bangladesh during and after the epidemic caused by V. cholerae O139 to determine whether the reemerged El Tor vibrios were genetically different from the El Tor vibrios which existed before the emergence of V. cholerae O139. Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in genes for conserved rRNA, cholera toxin (ctxA), and zonula occludens toxin (zot) or in DNA sequences flanking the genes showed that the El Tor strains isolated before the emergence of V. cholerae O139 belonged to four different ribotypes and four different ctx genotypes. Of 32 El Tor strains isolated after the emergence of O139 vibrios, 30 strains (93.7%) including all the clinical isolates belonged to a single new ribotype and a distinctly different ctx genotype. These results provide evidence that the reemerged El Tor strains represent a new clone of El Tor vibrios distinctly different from the earlier clones of El Tor vibrios which were replaced by the O139 vibrios. Further analysis showed that all the strains carried the structural and regulatory genes for toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpA, tcpI, and toxR). All strains of the new clone produced cholera toxin (CT) in vitro, as assayed by the GM1-dependent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the level of CT production was comparable to that of previous epidemic isolates of El Tor vibrios. Further studies are required to assess the epidemic potential of the newly emerged clone of V. cholerae O1 and to understand the mechanism of emergence of new clones of toxigenic V. cholerae.
Design and Implementation of A Compatible Class Library for Data Broadcasting Contents (2006)

Domestic standards for data broadcasting differ in the fact that satellite broadcasting chose MHP, cable OCAP, satellite ACAP, therefore making reuse of data contents impossible due to the differences. To resolve this problem, this study designed and implemented independent middleware class library for developing data broadcasting contents. To define class library which could bridge between applications and different middleware, standard library developing methods were used; and analysis of procedural application of each middleware was carried out. Based upon the analysis, classes with embedded transform and handle modules were defined to be linked to libraries of each middleware; and to verify the implemented class library, test contents were created to be compared to the existing contents. This kind of contents development by independent middleware class library allows for reuse of data contents easier, and develops an environment for higher quality of contents by reducing the efforts needed to learn each middleware for the developers.
Biodegradable Porous PCL/HA Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering (2007)

Poly ε-caprolactone(PCL)/hydroxyapatite(HA) composite scaffolds were fabricated by particulate leaching and freeze drying routes with different HA content. Porosity was decreased with HA addition, while mean pore size was maintained at around porogen size regardless of HA content. Compressive modulus was increased with increasing HA content. In this study, the optimum content of HA was around 40% in weight against PCL to obtain the highest compressive modulus with keeping porosity above 85%. HA apparently enhanced proliferation of osteoblast-like MG63 cells in PCL/HA composite scaffolds. Typical adhesion, migration and aggregation procedure of MG63 cells were found on PCL, while spreading morphology only was found on HA even at the early stage of adhesion without migration or aggregation.
Differences in Functional Properties of Mungbean Protein Concentrate and the Effect of Incorporation into Fish Sausages (1996)

The physico-chemical and functional properties of mungbean protein concentrate prepared by (i) calcium sulphate precipitation (MBC-Ca) and (ii) isoelectric point precipitation (MBG-pI) containing 21.6 and 67.3% protein respectively, were compared. The solubility of the concentrates was positively correlated with pH within the range of 4-7. The foaming ability was closely correlated with percentage ofsoluble N (r2 = 0.98) and pH (r2 = 0.88) while the foam stability was correlated with the hydrophilicity (l = 0.98) of the concentrates. All concentrates were able to reduce the weight loss, shrinkage and increase the firmness of cooked fish sausages. The weight loss and shrinkage were negatively correlated with the soluble protein, pH and foaming ability of the concentrates. The functional properties of the concentrates, when added at a level of 1-2%, influenced the texture of the fish sausages. In organoleptic evaluations, fish sausages incorporating the plant proteins scored higher for overall acceptability, even though there was no significant difference in flavour or texture and a decrease in juiciness of the product compared to the control.
Pressure induced melting of confined ice (2018)

The classic regelation experiment of Thomson in the 1850s deals with cutting an ice cube, followed by refreezing. The cutting was attributed to pressure-induced melting but has been challenged continuously, and only lately consensus emerged by understanding that compression shortens the O:H nonbond and lengthens the H-O bond simultaneously. This H-O elongation leads to energy loss and lowers the melting point. The hot debate survived well over 150 years, mainly due to a poorly defined heat exchange with the environment in the experiment. In our current experiment, we achieved thermal isolation from the environment and studied the fully reversible ice liquid water transition for water confined between graphene and muscovite mica. We observe a transition from two-dimensional (2D) ice into a quasi-liquid phase by applying a pressure exerted by an atomic force microscopy tip. At room temperature, the critical pressure amounts to about 6 GPa. The transition is completely reversible: refreezing occurs when the applied pressure is lifted. The critical pressure to melt the 2D ice decreases with temperature, and we measured the phase coexistence line between 293 and 333 K. From a Clausius-Clapeyron analysis, we determine the latent heat of fusion of two-dimensional ice at 0.15 eV/molecule, being twice as large as that of bulk ice.
Evaluation of Breast Lymphatic Pathways with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging in Patients with Breast Cancer (2008)

This instrument can provide some important information, and can be an available and reliable navigator for SLNB with a blue dye.
Serum procalcitonin measurement as diagnostic and prognostic marker in febrile adult patients presenting to the emergency department (2007)

Bearing in mind the limitations of an observational study design, the judgements of the emergency department physicians were reasonably accurate in determining the pretest probability of bacterial/parasitic infection. PCT may provide additional, valuable information on the aetiology and prognosis of infection in the emergency department.
Identification, characterization and distribution of terpene indole alkaloids in ethanolic extracts of Catharanthus roseus using high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry and the study of their geographical variation (2017)

The developed analytical method together with diagnostic fragment patterns were used to rapidly and effectively identify targeted and untargeted TIAs in C. roseus. A PCA study of the results obtained was used to discriminate among the C. roseus samples.
Interpopulation Variability in Dietary Traits of Invasive Bleak Alburnus alburnus (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) Across the Iberian Peninsula (2020)

The bleak Alburnus alburnus is native to most of Europe. This cyprinid fish is a successful invader in the Iberian Peninsula. No studies exist on its foraging strategies on a large scale for this ecoregion. The aim of the present study was to compare dietary traits of invasive bleak among the main Iberian rivers and a ‘reference’ native bleak population from France. Bleak were sampled during May–June 2019 from the Iberian Rivers Ebro, Tagus, Guadiana, Segura and Guadalquivir and the River Saône (France). Diptera larvae and zooplankton were common food categories in the River Saône. Insect nymphs were more important in the River Ebro. The intake of plant material was higher in the River Tagus. Flying insects were more consumed in the River Guadiana. Nektonic insects were important in the River Guadalquivir. Detritus was a frequent food category for all populations, in terms of occurrence and mass. Dietary parameters followed a unimodal response in relation to the latitudinal gradient, with the maximum values for the Tagus and Guadiana populations. Overall, results suggest that this wide interpopulation variability will contribute to the species’ successful establishment throughout Mediterranean Europe, which poses a serious risk to its highly valuable native fish fauna.
Towards disruption tolerant ICN (2015)

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a prominent topic in current networking research. ICN design significantly considers the increased demand of scalable and efficient content distribution for Future Internet. However, intermittently connected mobile environments or disruptive networks present a significant challenge to ICN deployment. In this context, delay tolerant networking (DTN) architecture is an initiative that effectively deals with network disruptions. Among all ICN proposals, Content Centric Networking (CCN) is gaining more and more interest for its architectural design, but still has the limitation in highly disruptive environment. In this paper, we design a protocol stack referred as CCNDTN which integrates DTN architecture in the native CCN to deal with network disruption. We also present the implementation details of the proposed CCNDTN. We extend CCN routing strategies by integrating Bundle protocol of DTN architecture. The integration of CCN and DTN enriches the connectivity options of CCN architecture in fragmented networks. Furthermore, CCNDTN can be beneficial through the simultaneous use of all available connectivities and opportunistic networking of DTN for the dissemination of larger data items. This paper also highlights the potential use cases of CCNDTN architecture and crucial questions about integrating CCN and DTN.
A tyrosinated peptide representing the alternatively spliced exon of the platelet-derived growth factor A-chain binds specifically to cultured cells and interferes with binding of several growth factors. (1992)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin. Alternative exon splicing is responsible for two forms of the PDGF A-chain which differ at the carboxyl terminus by a highly basic region consisting of 18 amino acids. To clarify the function of the region, we synthesized an octadecapeptide corresponding to this extension (A194-211), incorporated a tyrosine residue at the amino terminus, and used the radioiodinated construct in binding studies with Balb/c3T3 cells and a variety of human cell lines. 125I-(Y)A194-211 bound specifically, reversibly, saturably, and with low affinity to a large population of binding sites on these cells. In addition, (Y)A194-211 markedly reduced the binding of its parent protein, 125I-PDGF-AAL, to its receptor. (Y)A194-211 also attenuated the binding of epidermal growth factor and several other isoforms of PDGF, but did not interfere with the binding of transferrin to its receptor. These observations were not due to competitive binding of peptide directly to known receptors for the respective growth factors, but was likely due to interaction of (Y)A194-211 with extracellular glycosaminoglycan. Thus, A194-211 may represent an additional heparin binding domain on mature PDGF-AAL, and as an isolate, is capable of modulating interactions between several potent growth factors and their respective receptors.
A Low NVH Range-Extender Application with a Small V-2 Engine - Based on a New Vibration Compensation System (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The interest in electric propulsion of vehicles has increased in recent years and is being discussed extensively by experts as well as the public. Up to now the driving range and the utilization of pure electric vehicles are still limited in comparison to conventional vehicles due to the limited capacity and the long charging times of today's batteries. This is a challenge to customer acceptance of a pure electric vehicle, even for a city car application. A Range Extender concept could achieve the desired customer acceptance, but should not impact the “electric driving” experience, and should not cause further significant increases in the manufacturing and purchasing cost. The V2 engine concept presented in this paper is particularly suited to a low cost, modular vehicle concept. Advantages regarding packaging can be realized with the use of two generators in combination with the V2 engine.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Compared to other engine applications there is one decisive attribute of a range extender - the NVH behavior. The operation of a range extender must be completely unnoticeable in order to realize the desired “electric driving” experience, particularly during engine start and stop. This requirement might seem easily achievable, but represents one of the biggest challenges for a combustion engine. With a new technology concept, called “FEVcom,” the vibration excitations due to torque fluctuations are completely eliminated. This leads to the desired unnoticeable noise impression in the vehicle interior in combination with the engine concept presented here.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The lack of a mechanical connection of the range extender was evaluated using vehicle simulation analysis with respect to CO2 emissions. Particularly for a city car, the results show that the transfer of mechanical power does not realize a noticeable fuel economy benefit. In contrast, a mechanically disconnected range extender offers additional advantages, for example, with respect to packaging, modularization and cost. Considering all characteristics, the range extender module for electric city cars presented in this paper represents a beneficial addition which improves the utilization of the vehicle. Based on simulation results, a range extender module was developed by FEV in cooperation with KSPG targeting a production-intent prototype.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Cyanide‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Aryl Aldehydes: 4‐oxo‐4‐(3‐Pyridyl)Butyronitrile (2003)

Abstract Cyanide‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Aryl Aldehydes: 4‐OXO‐4‐(3‐PYRIDYL)BUTYRONITRILE reactant: 107.1 g. (1.001 mole) of 3‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde product: 4‐oxo‐4‐(3‐pyridyl)butyronitrile product: R1 = C 6 H 5 , R2 = R3 = H product: R1 = C 6 H 5 , R2 = H, R3 = CH 3 product: R1 = C 6 H 5 , R2 = CH 3 , R3 = H product: R1 = R2 = C 6 H 5 , R3 = H product: R1 = 4‐ClC 6 H 4 , R2 = R3 = H
Interface magnetism in metals: Ag/Fe(001) (1984)

A study of the effect of an ordered overlayer of Ag on the magnetism of an Fe(001) surface is presented. In order to understand the changes induced at the Ag/Fe interface, a series of self-consistent spin-polarized local-spin-density calculations were carried out with the use of our allelectron, full-potential, linearized augmented-plane-wave method. While the charge density is found to approach the bulk value within approximately one layer of the interface, the spin density at the interface is found to be strongly perturbed. An enhancement of the Fe magnetic moment at the interface (to 2.52 ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$/atom) is predicted which, however, is significantly less than that found for the clean Fe(001) surface (2.95 ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$). The role of the Ag overlayer in delocalizing the Fe surface states responsible for the increased surface magnetization and the effect on the single-particle spectra is described and discussed. The effect of the surface and interface on the contact hyperfine fields is evaluated: The (negative) core-polarization contribution is found to scale with the moment, but the valence contribution changes sign from negative in the interior to positive at the surface. The physical basis and the relationship of these results to the interpretation of M\"ossbauer-effect measurements of the hyperfine field are described.