gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A clinical evaluation to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of an inositol-stabilized arginine silicate dietary supplement in healthy adult males (2015)

The arginine silicate dietary supplement increases blood levels of arginine after a single dose within 30 minutes and blood levels of silicon for up to 1.5 hours. Blood levels of arginine, silicon, and NO (salivary nitrite) were elevated consistently after 14 days of use. The observed increase in baseline salivary nitrite is supporting information that there was some improvement in NO production. Further study on the effect of this supplement on NO production and the resulting physiological effect is warranted. Within the specific protocol of this study, the product was found to be safe.
Acoustic Illusion near Boundaries of Arbitrary Curved Geometry (2013)

We have proposed a scheme and presented the first experimental demonstration of acoustic illusion, by using anisotropic metamaterials to manipulate the acoustic field near boundaries of arbitrary curved geometry. Numerical simulations and experimental results show that in the presence of an illusion cloak, any object can be acoustically transformed into another object. The designed illusion cloak simply comprises positive-index anisotropic materials whose material parameters are non-singular, homogeneous and, moreover, independent of the properties of either the original object or the boundary.
A Case Report of a Recurrent Intracranial Ependymoma Treated With Temozolomide in Remission 10 Years After Completing Chemotherapy (2006)

Rehman, Shazza PhD, MBBS; Brock, Catherine PhD, MRCP; Newlands, Edward S. PhD, FRCP Author Information
An IPv4 Flowlabel Option (2019)

This draft defines an IPv4 option containing a flowlabel that is
compatible to IPv6. It is required for simplified usage of IntServ and
interoperability with IPv6.
BETs: Propellant less de orbiting of space debris by bare electrodynamic tethers (2012)

As a fundamental contribution to limiting the increase of debris in the Space environment, a three-year project
started on 1 November 2010 financed by the European Commission under the FP-7 Space Programme. It aims at developing a universal system to be carried on board future satellites launched into low Earth orbit (LEO), to allow de-orbiting at end of life. The operational system involves a conductive tape-tether left bare of insulation to establish anodic contact with the ambient plasma as a giant Langmuir probe. The project will size the three disparate
dimensions of a tape for a selected de-orbit mission and determine scaling laws to allow system design for a general
mission. It will implement control laws to restrain tether dynamics in/off the orbital plane; and will carry out
plasma chamber measurements and numerical simulations of tether-plasma interaction. The project also involves
the design and manufacturing of subsystems: electron-ejecting plasma contactors, an electric control and power
module, interface elements, tether and deployment mechanisms, tether tape/end-mass as well as current collection plus free-fall, and hypervelocity impact tests.
Homogeneous Bioassays Based on the Manipulation of Magnetic Nanoparticles by Rotating and Alternating Magnetic Fields—A Comparison (2012)

The rotating magnetic field as a source of magnetic nanoparticle manipulation for the use in homogenous bioassays is presented and compared with the frequently used alternating magnetic field technique. For the investigation of the impact of the rotating and alternating field mode on the biomolecule detection, a fluxgate based measurement system has been used. This system detects the MNPs magnetization stray field and calculates the phase lag between the aligning field and the MNPs magnetization. By analyzing the phase lag, the analysis is not altered by changes in MNP concentration. The measured phase lag spectra show a significant difference between both magnetic field modes and agree well with simulations based on the Fokker-Planck equation. A modeling of binding experiments based on these simulations predicts a higher sensitivity for the rotating magnetic field manipulation.
Characterization of somatic cell nuclear reprogramming by oocytes in which a linker histone is required for pluripotency gene reactivation (2010)

When transplanted into Xenopus oocytes, the nuclei of mammalian somatic cells are reprogrammed to express stem cell genes such as Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2. We now describe an experimental system in which the pluripotency genes Sox2 and Oct4 are repressed in retinoic acid-treated ES cells but are reprogrammed up to 100% within 24 h by injection of nuclei into the germinal vesicle (GV) of growing Xenopus oocytes. The isolation of GVs in nonaqueous medium allows the reprogramming of individual injected nuclei to be seen in real time. Analysis using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching shows that nuclear transfer is associated with an increase in linker histone mobility. A simultaneous loss of somatic H1 linker histone and incorporation of the oocyte-specific linker histone B4 precede transcriptional reprogramming. The loss of H1 is not required for gene reprogramming. We demonstrate both by antibody injection experiments and by dominant negative interference that the incorporation of B4 linker histone is required for pluripotency gene reactivation during nuclear reprogramming. We suggest that the binding of oocyte-specific B4 linker histone to chromatin is a key primary event in the reprogramming of somatic nuclei transplanted to amphibian oocytes.
2018 Korean Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension: part I-epidemiology of hypertension (2019)

The Korean Society of Hypertension guideline defines hypertension as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, where the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment has been established. It is confirmed that higher blood pressure levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality also in the Korean population. About one third of Korean adults aged 30 years or older are estimated to have hypertension, and the prevalence of hypertension gradually increases as the age increases. The awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension are generally improving in Korea, but more efforts are required to increase awareness and treatment among younger patients with hypertension and to improve lifestyle modification compliance at all ages. More studies are required to determine the magnitude and impact of white coat hypertension and masked hypertension in the Korean population.
Simultaneous segmentation and iterative registration method for computing ADC with reduced artifacts from DW‐MRI (2015)

The authors developed a novel approach for reducing artifacts in ADC maps through simultaneous registration and segmentation of multiple b-value DW images. The authors' method explicitly employs a registration quality metric to align images. When compared to basic affine and no image registrations, the authors' approach produces registrations of greater accuracy with lowest artifact ratio and median standard deviation of the computed mean ADC values for a wide range of displacements.
Effectiveness of host cell protein removal using depth filtration with a filter containing diatomaceous earth (2020)

The increased cell density and product titer in biomanufacturing have led to greater use of depth filtration as part of the initial clarification of cell culture fluid, either as a stand-alone unit operation or after centrifugation. Several recent studies have shown that depth filters can also reduce the concentration of smaller impurities like host cell proteins (HCP) and DNA, decreasing the burden on subsequent chromatographic operations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the HCP removal properties of the Pall PDH4 depth filter media, a model depth filter containing diatomaceous earth, cellulose fibers, and a binder. Experiments were performed with both cell culture fluid (CCF) and a series of model proteins with defined pI, molecular weight, and hydrophobicity chosen to match the range of typical HCP. The location of adsorbed (fluorescently labeled) proteins within the depth filters was determined using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Protein binding was greater for proteins that were positively charged and more hydrophobic, consistent with adsorption to the negatively charged diatomaceous earth. The lowest degree of binding was seen with proteins near their pI, which were poorly removed by this filter. These results provide new mechanistic insights into the factors governing the filter capacity and performance characteristics of depth filters containing diatomaceous earth that are widely used in the clarification of CCF.
Automatic inline allocation of objects (1997)

Object-oriented languages like Java and Smalltalk provide a uniform object model that simplifies programming by providing a consistent, abstract model of object behavior. But direct implementations introduce overhead, removal of which requires aggressive implementation techniques (e.g. type inference, function specialization); in this paper, we introduce object inlining, an optimization that automatically inline allocates objects within containers (as is done by hand in C++) within a uniform model. We present our technique, which includes novel program analyses that track how inlinable objects are used throughout the program. We evaluated object inlining on several object-oriented benchmarks. It produces performance up to three times as fast as a dynamic model without inlining and roughly equal to that of manually-inlined codes.
Real-time MPC - Stability through robust MPC design (2009)

Recent results have suggested that online Model Predictive Control (MPC) can be computed quickly enough to control fast sampled systems. High-speed applications impose a hard real-time constraint on the solution of the MPC problem, which generally prevents the computation of the optimal controller. In current approaches guarantees on feasibility and stability are sacrificed in order to achieve a real-time setting. In this paper we develop a real-time MPC scheme based on robust MPC design that recovers these guarantees while allowing for extremely fast computation. We show that a simple warm-start optimization procedure providing an enhanced feasible solution guarantees feasibility and stability for arbitrary time constraints. The proposed method can be practically implemented and efficiently solved for dynamic systems of significant problem size. Implementation details for a real-time robust MPC method are provided that achieves computation times equal to those reported for methods without guarantees. A 12-dimensional problem with 3 control inputs and a prediction horizon of 10 time steps is solved in 2msec with a performance deterioration less than 1% and thereby allows for sampling rates of 500Hz.
Monitoring the brain: processed electroencephalogram and peri‐operative outcomes (2014)

Although the brain is the target organ of general anaesthesia, the utility of intra-operative brain monitoring remains controversial. Ideally, the incorporation of brain monitoring into routine practice would promote the maintenance of an optimal depth of anaesthesia, with an ultimate goal of avoiding the negative outcomes that have been associated with inadequate or excessive anaesthesia. A variety of processed electroencephalogram devices exist, of which the bispectral index is the most widely used, particularly in the research setting. Whether such devices prove to be useful will depend not only on their ability to influence anaesthetic management but also on whether the changes they promote can actually affect clinically important outcomes. This review highlights the evidence for the role of bispectral index monitoring, in particular, in guiding anaesthetic management and influencing clinical outcomes, specifically intra-operative awareness, measures of early recovery, mortality and neurocognitive outcomes.
A systematic investigation of classical causal inference strategies\n under mis-specification due to network interference (2018)

We systematically investigate issues due to mis-specification that arise in\nestimating causal effects when (treatment) interference is informed by a\nnetwork available pre-intervention, i.e., in situations where the outcome of a\nunit may depend on the treatment assigned to other units. We develop theory for\nseveral forms of interference through the concept of exposure neighborhood, and\ndevelop the corresponding semi-parametric representation for potential outcomes\nas a function of the exposure neighborhood. Using this representation, we\nextend the definition of two popular classes of causal estimands, marginal and\naverage causal effects, to the case of network interference. We characterize\nthe bias and variance one incurs when combining classical randomization\nstrategies (namely, Bernoulli, Completely Randomized, and Cluster Randomized\ndesigns) and estimators (namely, difference-in-means and Horvitz-Thompson) used\nto estimate average treatment effect and on the total treatment effect, under\nmisspecification due to interference. We illustrate how difference-in-means\nestimators can have arbitrarily large bias when estimating average causal\neffects, depending on the form and strength of interference, which is unknown\nat design stage. Horvitz-Thompson (HT) estimators are unbiased when the correct\nweights are specified. Here, we derive the HT weights for unbiased estimation\nof different estimands, and illustrate how they depend on the design, the form\nof interference, which is unknown at design stage, and the estimand. More\nimportantly, we show that HT estimators are in-admissible for a large class of\nrandomization strategies, in the presence of interference. We develop new\nmodel-assisted and model-dependent strategies to improve HT estimators, and we\ndevelop new randomization strategies for estimating the average treatment\neffect and total treatment effect.\n
Emittance growth during bunch compression of intense particle beams (2008)

Summary form only given. In high-energy ion accelerator, bunch compression using a longitudinal beam modulation is essential to increase the beam power. However, the bunching process is inevitably accompanied by emittance growth, because of a space charge effect, inaccurate bunching voltage, fluctuation in the beam transport line and others. To simulate the bunching process in high power ion accelerator, we constructed a small accelerator composed of an electron beam injector, induction voltage modulators and a beam transport line with 2 m in length, in which an electron beam is accelerated, longitudinally modulated, and trasported for bunching. Evolutions of the beam emittance are estimated by pepper-pot images of the bunched beam. We discuss the compressive effect including the correlation between transverse and longitudinal emittance, as a function of the beam current, the transport length, and the bunching factor.
Pomegranate-mediated chemoprevention of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis involves Nrf2-regulated antioxidant mechanisms (2011)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers, has shown an alarming rise in the USA. Without effective therapy for HCC, novel chemopreventive strategies may effectively circumvent the current morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress predisposes to hepatocarcinogenesis and is the major driving force of HCC. Pomegranate, an ancient fruit, is gaining tremendous attention due to its powerful antioxidant properties. Here, we examined mechanism-based chemopreventive potential of a pomegranate emulsion (PE) against dietary carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis that mimics human HCC. PE treatment (1 or 10 g/kg), started 4 weeks prior to the DENA challenge and continued for 18 weeks thereafter, showed striking chemopreventive activity demonstrated by reduced incidence, number, multiplicity, size and volume of hepatic nodules, precursors of HCC. Both doses of PE significantly attenuated the number and area of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive hepatic foci compared with the DENA control. PE also attenuated DENA-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Mechanistic studies revealed that PE elevated gene expression of an array of hepatic antioxidant and carcinogen detoxifying enzymes in DENA-exposed animals. PE elevated protein and messenger RNA expression of the hepatic nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Our results provide substantial evidence, for the first time, that pomegranate constituents afford chemoprevention of hepatocarcinogenesis possibly through potent antioxidant activity achieved by upregulation of several housekeeping genes under the control of Nrf2 without toxicity. The outcome of this study strongly supports the development of pomegranate-derived products in the prevention and treatment of human HCC, which remains a devastating disease.
Prognostic factors of acute myelocytic leukemia: an analysis of 132 patients in a single institution (1996)

Patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) have varied outlooks for survival after the diagnosis. To identify pretreatment prognostic indicators in AML, we analyzed 132 cases of AML seen at our hospital between June, 1989 and December, 1994. The median age of the patients was 40 years (range, 15-81). There were 63 male and 69 female patients. One hundred eight patients (82%) received induction chemotherapy which was based on cytarabine plus anthracyclines. Sixty six patients achieved complete remission (CR) and the CR rate among the patients given induction chemotherapy was 61%. The median duration of CR was 11.2 months. After median follow up of 6.6 months (range 0.5-51.4), 26 patients (39%) remain in continuous CR. The median duration of overall survival of the patients was 6.7 months. After median follow up of 10.6 months (range, 0.1-52.7), 41 patients (31%) are alive. Variables affecting duration of CR included the age of the patients, performance status of the patients, percentage of blast in the peripheral blood, hemoglobin level, percentage of blast in the bone marrow, FAB subtype, and CD7 marker positivity. Variables affecting survival duration included age of the patients, performance status of the patients, absolute blast count (ABC) in the peripheral blood, bone marrow cellularity, the percentage of blast in the bone marrow, and CD5 marker positivity. Multivariate analysis showed that the age of the patients and percentage of blast in the bone marrow were significant independent indicators for overall survival of the patients. Further studies utilizing cytogenetics and molecular characteristics of leukemic cell are warranted to better define the prognostic factors of patients with AML.
Replication Data for Completely Solvent-free Protocols to Access Phase- Pure, Metastable Metal Halide Perovskites and Functional Photodetectors from the Precursor Salts (2020)

Replication data for Completely Solvent-free Protocols to Access Phase- Pure, Metastable Metal Halide Perovskites and Functional Photodetectors from the Precursor Salts
Information storage in sparsely coded memory nets (1990)

We study simple, feedforward, neural networks for pattern storage and retrieval, with information theory criteria. Two Hebbian learning rules are considered, with emphasis on sparsely coded patterns. We address the question: under which conditions is the optimal information storage reached in the error-full regime?For the model introduced some time ago by Willshaw, Buneman and Longuet-Higgins, the information stored goes through a maximum, which may be found within the error-less or the error-full regimes according to the value of the coding rate. However, it eventually vanishes as learning goes on and more patterns are stored.For the original Hebb learning rule, where reinforcement occurs whenever both input and output neurons are active, the information stored reaches a stationary value, 1/(π ln 2), when the net is overloaded beyond its threshold for errors. If the coding rate f′ of the output pattern is small enough, the information storage goes through a maximum, which saturates the Gardner bound, 1/(2 ln 2). An interpolation between dense and sparse coding limits is also discussed.
Metrics for characterizing collective transport by multiple dimeric kinesins (2012)

Kinesin is a processive molecular motor which transports various cellular cargos by converting chemical energy into mechanical movements. Although the motion of a single molecule has been characterized in several studies, the dynamics of collective transport remains controversial. Since the chemical reactions fueling molecular motors are stochastic processes, the movements of coupled motors are not perfectly synchronized. The goal of this study is to develop metrics to analyze the level of synchronization of coupled (stochastic) motors. The correlation among movements of coupled motors, the slackness, the cooperativity, and the power loss of kinesins are explored using the developed metrics. These metrics can be extended to characterize collective work done by other molecular motors also.
Word frequency in fast priming: Evidence for immediate cognitive control of eye movements during reading (2014)

Numerous studies have demonstrated effects of word frequency on eye movements during reading, but the precise timing of this influence has remained unclear. The fast priming paradigm (Sereno & Rayner, 1992) was previously used to study influences of related versus unrelated primes on the target word. Here, we used this procedure to investigate whether the frequency of the prime word has a direct influence on eye movements during reading when the prime-target relation is not manipulated. We found that with average prime intervals of 32 ms readers made longer single fixation durations on the target word in the low than in the high frequency prime condition. Distributional analyses demonstrated that the effect of prime frequency on single fixation durations occurred very early, supporting theories of immediate cognitive control of eye movements. Finding prime frequency effects only 207 ms after visibility of the prime and for prime durations of 32 ms yields new time constraints for cognitive processes controlling eye movements during reading. Our variant of the fast priming paradigm provides a new approach to test early influences of word processing on eye movement control during reading.
Fundamental Investigations on the Corrosion of ZrO2–CRefractories during Interaction with a Casting Mould Meniscus Slag (2013)

Abstract The degradation behavior of Zirconia – 20% carbon refractory was investigated during high temperature (1550 °C) contact with a casting mould meniscus slag containing 50% MnO, 25% SiO 2 , and 25% Al 2 O 3 . Using the sessile drop approach, the transient progress of corrosion reactions was investigated as a function of time; in‐depth characterization and analysis of reacted assemblies was carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Optical micrographs showed a significant penetration of slag within the refractory substrate, with very little slag remaining behind after 15 min of contact. In situ carbothermic reduction of zirconia and the presence of reducible oxides in the slag significantly depleted carbon from the substrate further aiding the penetration of slag. Interaction between slag and zirconia resulted in the depletion of phase‐stabilizing Y 2 O 3 from zirconia granules resulting in their fragmentation and subsequent diffusion in slag rich regions. An aggressive all‐round corrosion was observed with extensive refractory degradation over a period of time; a number of reaction products such as Mn 5 Si 3 were also observed. These experimental investigations were supplemented with thermodynamic investigations using FactSage.