gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How respiratory gas diffusivity correlates with porosity of plant organ tissues (2019)

Abstract Gas diffusion in bulky plant organs is relevant for understanding the respiratory metabolism. Limited tissue diffusivity due to low porosity may create gas concentration gradients leading to hypoxia. As porosity is known to be different between and within different tissues, oxygen (O 2 ) diffusivity cannot be regarded as a homogeneous gas transport parameter of plant organs. This study aims to study the relationship between O 2 diffusivity and porosity for tree different horticultural products: eggplant, apple, and turnip, which have shown variability in tissue microstructure. Based on X-ray CT images, porosity maps of the whole fruit and vegetable have been previously created. O 2 diffusivity was computed using a microscale model solved on the corresponding 3-D tissue microstructure of different samples across the product, derived from high resolution X-ray CT scan. The correlation between O 2 diffusivity and porosity was determined along the radial tissue sample, as affected by region of interest (ROI) size. The correlation was strong in eggplant tissue (R 2 = 0.95), compared to the other products. Distinct distribution of the O 2 diffusivity to the porosity was influenced by the physical characteristic of tissue intercellular space. The reduced ROI size changed the O 2 diffusivity-porosity relationship, caused by the change in physical structure of the tissue. In conclusion, the tissue diffusivity did not linearly link to the porosity, other microstructural parameters and the size of the considered tissue sample affected the correlation
Bacteria Challenge in Smoke-exposed Mice Exacerbates Inflammation and Skews the Inflammatory Profile (2009)

Collectively, these data suggest that cigarette smoke exacerbates the inflammatory response to a bacterial challenge via skewed inflammatory mediator expression.
Affinity-based screening techniques for enhancing lead discovery. (2004)

Contemporary, rational small-molecule lead discovery methods, comprising target identification, assay development, high-throughput screening (HTS), hit characterization and medicinal chemistry optimization, dominate early-stage drug discovery strategies in many pharmaceutical companies. There is a growing disparity between the increasing cost of funding these methods and the decreasing number of new drugs reaching the market. New strategies must be adopted to reverse this trend. The use of genomics- and proteomics-based target discovery efforts can aid the process by dramatically increasing the number of novel, more highly validated targets entering the discovery process, but HTS must meet this increased demand with faster, cheaper technologies. Although activity-based screening strategies are typically efficient, allowing one scientist to interrogate tens of thousands of compounds per day, affinity-based screening strategies can allow much greater efficiency in the overall process. Affinity-based methods can play a role in both facilitating the screening of a greater number of targets and in efficiently characterizing the primary hits discovered.
Quantum design strategy pushes high‐power vertical‐external‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers beyond 100 W (2012)

Abstract Combining rigorous quantum epitaxial design, highly accurate growth, novel processing and thermal management pushes the output power of single chip vertical‐external‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VECSELs) beyond the 100 W milestone.
Microwave Dielectric Properties of Insects and Grain Kernels (1976)

Values for the dielectric constant and loss factor, respectively the real and imaginary parts of the relative permittivity, were determined for the bodies of adult rice weevils and for the kernels of hard red winter wheat at a frequency of 9.4 GHz. Several studies are cited in which this type of information is useful, and the techniques for obtaining the dielectric properties of such materials are described.
Evaluation of a motion artifacts removal approach on breath-hold cine-magnetic resonance images of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy subjects (2013)

The acquisition of ECG-gated cine magnetic resonance images of the heart is routinely performed in apnea in order to suppress the motion artifacts caused by breathing. However, many factors including the 2D nature of the acquisition and the use of di erent beats to acquire the multiple-view cine images, cause this kind of artifacts to appear. This paper presents the qualitative evaluation of a method aiming to remove motion artifacts in multipleview cine images acquired on patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnosis. The approach uses iconic registration to reduce for in-plane artifacts in long-axis-view image stacks and in-plane and out-of-plane motion artifacts in sort-axis-view image stack. Four similarity measures were evaluated: the normalized correlation, the normalized mutual information, the sum of absolute voxel di erences and the Slomka metric proposed by Slomka et al. The qualitative evaluation assessed the misalignment of di erent anatomical structures of the left ventricle as follows: the misalignment of the interventricular septum and the lateral wall for short-axis-view acquisitions and the misalignment between the short-axis-view image and long-axis-view images. Results showed the correction using the normalized correlation as the most appropriated with an 80% of success.
A Multiscale TCAD Approach for the Simulation of InP DHBTs and the Extraction of Their Transit Times (2019)

A multiscale technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation methodology is presented to calculate the intrinsic transit time of InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs). A 2-D hydrodynamic (HD) simulator is employed to produce the dc characteristics and electrostatic potentials of the selected devices. Utilizing the cuts of the obtained potential profiles as inputs, a 1-D full-band, atomistic quantum transport (QT) solver is then deployed to determine the ballistic electronic transport properties of these components. The transit times of DHBTs based on InGaAs/InP and GaAsSb/InP technologies are finally investigated with the proposed approach. Good qualitative agreements are observed with the experimental measurements. The observed underestimations of the experimental transit times are justified with the physics-based compact model HiCuM, thus providing a basis for structure and performance optimizations toward real terahertz transistors.
High photovoltaic performance (23.75) of triazatruxene-based dye-sensitized solar cells containing different π bridges: computational investigation (2023)

Six new organic dyes, D–π–A, were studied in DSCC applications, based on triazatruxene (D) connected to different π bridges and an electron acceptor 2-cyanoacrylic acid (A). One of these dyes presents a photovoltaic performance of approximately 23.75.
Imidazole‐induced elevations of intracellular calcium in HL‐60 cells: effect of inhibition of phospholipase C by the steroidal maleimide U73122 (2006)

Abstract A variety of agents, including imidazoles, such as miconazole, elicit elevations of calcium in human leukemic HL‐60 cells through a stimulation of influx of calcium and/or a release of intracellular calcium. Release of intracellular calcium by such agents may involve stimulation of IP 3 formation. The steroidal maleimide U73122, a potent phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, at 3–10 µM blocked elevations of calcium elicited in HL‐60 cells by ATP. At a 10&amp;!hyphen; µM concentration, U73122 either blocked or altered elevations of calcium elicited by imidazoles, such as miconazole, SKF 96365, and clotrimazole that are often used to block capacitative calcium entry, and by calmidazolium, a quaternary imidazole that can trigger massive influx of calcium in HL‐60 cells. Elevations of calcium elicited by thapsigargin were not affected by 3 µM U73122, but were reduced by higher concentrations. Remarkably, U73122 at 10 µM did not block, but instead slowed and potentiated the elevation of calcium elicited by higher concentrations of imidazoles, an effect that may involve inhibition of Ca 2+ ‐ATPases of the endoplasmic reticulum. The steroidal succinimide U73343 had minimal effects on calcium elevations in HL‐60 cells. The results indicate that U73122 requires cautious use in assessing the role of PLC in controlling calcium levels in HL‐60 cells, in particular when used with imidazoles, such as SKF 96365, which are used to block capacitative calcium entry. The effects of U73122 on cell calcium are reviewed. In toto, the results suggest that many lipophilic agents may affect intracellular calcium by activating PLC through unknown mechanisms. Drug Dev. Res. 67:519–534, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In‐vivo‐ und In‐situ‐Gewebeanalyse mithilfe von Ionisationsmassenspektrometrie durch schnelle Verdampfung (2009)

MS unter Volldampf: Eine neue massenspektrometrische Methode, die auf der schnellen Verdampfung von biologischem Gewebe beruht (siehe Bild), kann zur Untersuchungen von verschiedenen Gewebetypen und von Lebendgewebe während chirurgischer Eingriffe angewendet werden. Für die Gewebeidentifikation wurde ein System zur Analyse von Gewebehauptbestandteilen entwickelt. Die Methode eignet sich für die Unterscheidung bösartiger Tumorzellen vom umgebenden gesunden Gewebe. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Formalised Prerequisite Programmes in Practice (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Prerequisite definitions and standards Prerequisite programmes – the essentials Prerequisite programmes and operational prerequisites Validation and verification of prerequisite programmes Conclusions
CD28 co-receptor signal transduction in T-cell activation (1997)

CD28 co-receptor signal transduction in T-cell activation P. J. Blair*, J. L. Riley-tS, R. G. Carrollt, D. C. St. Louist, B. L. Levine*, B. Saha*, K. P. Lee*, P. 1. Perrin*, D. M. Harlan* and C. H. June*§ *Immune Cell Biology Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, I809 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, MD 208 14-5607, tHenry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD 20850, *Division of Retrovirology, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Rockville, MD 20850, and §Departments of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 208 14-4799, U.S.A. 65 I
Dynamometer-stand investigation of a group of mufflers (1949)

Report presenting an experimental investigation of a series of exhaust mufflers installed on a typical six-cylinder light-airplane engine mounted on a ground dynamometer sound. Several conclusions regarding muffler design are drawn from this testing. Since engine and propeller noise are about equal for this power-plant installation, both engine-exhaust and propeller noises must be reduced to obtain a sizable reduction in overall sound-pressure level.
The effectiveness of treating irrigation water using ultraviolet radiation or sulphuric acid fertilizer for reducing generic Escherichia coli on fresh produce—a controlled intervention trial (2021)

The results are of timely importance for the agricultural industry as new FSMA guidelines require producers to demonstrate a low microbial load in irrigation water or allow producers to apply a wait-time to mitigate the risk of contaminated produce.
Komplexe stickstoffhaltiger Kronenether‐tenside mit stabilen Silber‐Atomen (1979)

Die photochemische Reduktion komplexierter Ag + ‐Ionen zu stabilen komplexierten Ag‐Atomen gelingt dank des Heterocyclus ( 1 ), der die Eigenschaften eines Kronenethers und eines Tensids vereinigt. ( 1 )·Ag + bildet sich spontan aus ( 1 ) und AgNO 3 ; die Reduktion mit sichtbarem Licht erfordert einen Cyaninfarbstoff als Sensibilisator. magnified image
Viral Testing in the Era of Continuous Biomanufacturing and COVID-19 (2020)

Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology NewsVol. 40, No. S6 Viral SafetyViral Testing in the Era of Continuous Biomanufacturing and COVID-19Technologies to keep biopharmaceutical products virus-free must accommodate continuous processes and COVID-19-disrupted supply chainsGareth John MacdonaldGareth John MacdonaldPublished Online:5 Dec 2020https://doi.org/10.1089/gen.40.S6.05AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookXLinked InRedditEmail View articleFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 40Issue S6Dec 2020 Information© 2020 by GEN PublishingTo cite this article:Gareth John Macdonald.Viral Testing in the Era of Continuous Biomanufacturing and COVID-19.Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News.Dec 2020.S13-S15.http://doi.org/10.1089/gen.40.S6.05Published in Volume: 40 Issue S6: December 5, 2020 TopicsCoronavirusesCOVID-19Polymerase chain reactionViral diseasesViruses PDF download
Novel tocopherol compounds. III. Reaction of 5a-Bromo-?-tocopherol with Nucleophiles (1996)

The synthesis of different classes of 5a-substituted tocopherols is described. These compounds are potent antioxidants and highly interesting as vitamin E carriers. The reaction of the readily available 5a-bromo-α-tocopherol with alcohols and phenols is shown to produce 5a-alkoxy-α-tocopherols (3–5, 8, 9) and 5a-aryloxy-α-tocopherols (6, 7), respectively, with high yields. 5a-α-Tocopheryl esters (10, 11) are prepared by reaction with metal carboxylates. 5a-Bromo-α-tocopherol is used as well to introduce tocopheryl groups into tertiary amines by quaternization, that renders these compounds (13, 14) soluble in water and in common organic solvents. 5a-Bromo-α-tocopherol also reacts as an alkylating agent with sterically hindered phenols in a Friedel-Crafts reaction. Phenols not highly substituted are exclusively alkylated in the para position at room temperature or below, whereas at higher temperature the para-as well as the ortho-alkylated product is observed.
Osmolytes and Macromolecular Crowders Diversely Affect the Aggregation of the Cancerrelated L106R Mutant of the Axin RGS Domain (2020)

&lt;p&gt;Protein aggregation is involved in a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The cellular environment is crowded by a plethora of cosolutes comprising small molecules and biomacromolecules at high concentrations, which may influence the aggregation of proteins &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. To account for the effect of cosolutes on cancer-related protein aggregation, we studied their effect on the aggregation of the cancer-related L106R mutant of the Axin protein. Axin is a key player in the Wnt signaling pathway, and the L106R mutation in its RGS domain results in a native molten globule that tends to form native-like aggregates. This results in uncontrolled activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, leading to cancer. We monitored the aggregation process of Axin RGS L106R&lt;i&gt;in vitro &lt;/i&gt;in the presence of a wide ensemble of cosolutes including polyols, amino acids, betaine and polyethylene glycol (PEG) crowders. Except &lt;i&gt;myo&lt;/i&gt;-inositol, all polyols decreased RGS L106R aggregation, with carbohydrates exerting the strongest inhibition. Conversely, betaine and PEGs enhanced aggregation. These results are consistent with the reported effects of osmolytes and crowders on the stability of molten globular proteins and with both amorphous and amyloid aggregation mechanisms. We suggest a model of Axin L106R aggregation &lt;i&gt;in vivo, &lt;/i&gt;whereby molecularly small osmolytes keep the protein as a free solublemolecule but the increased crowding of the bound state by macromolecules induces its aggregation at the nano-scale. Our study sheds light on the potential contribution of cosolutes to the onset of cancer as a protein misfolding disease, and on the relevance of aggregation in the molecular aetiology of cancer.&lt;/p&gt;
ConSurf 2016: an improved methodology to estimate and visualize evolutionary conservation in macromolecules (2016)

The degree of evolutionary conservation of an amino acid in a protein or a nucleic acid in DNA/RNA reflects a balance between its natural tendency to mutate and the overall need to retain the structural integrity and function of the macromolecule. The ConSurf web server (http://consurf.tau.ac.il), established over 15 years ago, analyses the evolutionary pattern of the amino/nucleic acids of the macromolecule to reveal regions that are important for structure and/or function. Starting from a query sequence or structure, the server automatically collects homologues, infers their multiple sequence alignment and reconstructs a phylogenetic tree that reflects their evolutionary relations. These data are then used, within a probabilistic framework, to estimate the evolutionary rates of each sequence position. Here we introduce several new features into ConSurf, including automatic selection of the best evolutionary model used to infer the rates, the ability to homology-model query proteins, prediction of the secondary structure of query RNA molecules from sequence, the ability to view the biological assembly of a query (in addition to the single chain), mapping of the conservation grades onto 2D RNA models and an advanced view of the phylogenetic tree that enables interactively rerunning ConSurf with the taxa of a sub-tree.
Improved performance at higher data rates of DSRC systems using a linear demapper (2011)

This paper proposes and designs a linear demapper which compares to a recently proposed non-linear demapper under different decoding schemes of dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) receivers. Modelling and simulations are carried out under common mobile vehicular channel conditions. It can easily be seen that multipath and Doppler shift has a detrimental effect on the transmitted modulated messages. The effect of hard and soft demapper choice on BER performance of the DSRC Physical Layer (PHY) is shown for comparison. Digital and analog circuit elements are modeled and imperfections are taken into account in the simulations. Compared to the conventional system, our proposed system improves lower code rate demapping accuracy and substantially improves high code rate transmissions. Simulation results confirm that our proposed scheme can offer performance advantage of around a couple of orders of magnitude over both the conventional and non-linear demapper designs at higher data rates.
Hydrogen motion inC15-typeZrMo2Hx:Quasielastic neutron scattering and nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies (1999)

In order to determine the parameters of H motion in the cubic $(C15$-type) Laves phase ${\mathrm{ZrMo}}_{2},$ we have performed quasielastic neutron scattering measurements and nuclear-magnetic-resonance measurements of the proton spin-lattice relaxation rate on ${\mathrm{ZrMo}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ $(0.3&lt;~x&lt;~1.0)$ in the temperature range 10--430 K. The diffusive motion of hydrogen in this system can be described in terms of two jump processes: the fast localized H motion within the hexagons formed by interstitial g $({\mathrm{Zr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mo}}_{2})$ sites and the slower hopping from one hexagon to the other. The hopping rate ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{l}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of the faster process is found to be of the order of ${10}^{10} {\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 300 K. The characteristic frequency ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{d}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of the slower process at the same temperature is about $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7} {\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$ Comparison of the motional parameters of hydrogen in ${\mathrm{ZrMo}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ with those in the related $C15$-type systems ${\mathrm{TaV}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ and ${\mathrm{ZrCr}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ shows that the value of ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{d}/{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{l}$ for ${\mathrm{ZrMo}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ lies between the corresponding values for ${\mathrm{TaV}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ and ${\mathrm{ZrCr}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}.$ This is consistent with the changes in the ratio of $g\ensuremath{-}g$ distances ${r}_{1}$ (within the hexagons) and ${r}_{2}$ (between different hexagons).
P2–023: White matter injury and the orphan c2orf40 gene encoding Ecrg4 in Alzheimer's disease (2013)

White matter injury is observed in association with the cerebral cortical pathology (e.g. senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles) that accompanies Alzheimer's disease. Although it is most likely the result of multiple factors including axonal degeneration, vascular compromise, and neuroinflammation, the specific mechanisms underlying these white matter changes remain largely unstudied. To this end we evaluated a possible role for c2orf40, an orphan gene that encodes Ecrg4, a 17,000 Dalton, secreted protein that has been previously associated with neural progenitor responsiveness after CNS injury, microglial activation in CNS tumors, and white matter senescence. Adult human cerebral cortical and choroid plexus tissue samples were obtained at autopsy. Ecrg4 gene expression in Alzheimer's disease patients, cognitively normal, and disease age-matched controls was studied by quantitative RT PCR using the standard curve method. Processed protein forms were determined by Western blotting, and their distribution was examined in tissue sections using standard immunohistochemical staining techniques. RT-qPCR demonstrated increased cerebral cortical Ecrg4 gene expression in AD, whereas similar analyses performed on frozen samples of choroid plexus showed no significant differences between AD and control. The peptide form of Ecrg4 detected in cortical gray matter of AD patients was a processed carboxy-terminal fragment of 8–10 kDa that was previously shown to interact with the innate immunity receptor complex. Immunocytochemical studies showed increased staining intensity in microglial cells and in intravascular blood-borne monocytes present within the cerebral cortical white matter of AD patients. Staining intensity appeared to be slightly diminished within cortical gray matter, except for prominent staining in rare neurofibrillary tangles. The staining pattern of the choroid plexus was similar in AD patients and controls, with robust immunoreactivity noted along the apical border of epithelial cells. Growing evidence suggests a role for Ecrg4 as an inflammatory mediator in microglial activation and as an initiator of oligodendrocyte precursor senescence. These data are the first to describe c2orf40 in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients and suggest that the Ecrg4 it encodes may participate in the activation and recruitment of microglial cells in cerebral white matter neuroinflammation.
Stripes ordering in self-stratification experiments of binary and ternary granular mixtures (2000)

The self-stratification of binary and ternary granular mixtures has been experimentally investigated. Ternary mixtures lead to a particular ordering of the strata which was not accounted for in former explanations. Bouncing grains are found to have an important effect on stratum formation. A complementary mechanism for self-stratification of binary and ternary granular mixtures is proposed.
Measurement of Individual Nanobioparticles on Microfluidic Chips by Laser Dark-field Imaging (2015)

A microfluidic-chip-based analysis platform specially tuned for characterizing individual nanobio-particles has been developed. Using this platform, both artificial nanobioparticles (polyion complex vesicles) and cell-secreted exosomes with diameter down to 50 nm can be observed. The zeta potential distribution of the exosomes was obtained by measuring the zeta potential of individual exosomes. Since the number of surface molecules on nanobioparticles can be estimated by applying a particle immunoelectrophoresis method, this platform is promising for obtaining profiles of heterogeneous nanobioparticles including nanoDDS carriers and exosomes.