gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of (+)-Cyperolone (2012)

Key words (+)-cyperolone - platinum-catalyzed cycloisomerization - pinacol rearrangement
Oxidation of Si nanocrystals fabricated by ultralow-energy ion implantation in thin SiO2 layers (2006)

The effect of thermal treatments in nitrogen-diluted oxygen on the structural characteristics of two-dimensional arrays of Si nanocrystals (NCs) fabricated by ultralow-energy ion implantation (1 keV) in thin silicon dioxide layers is reported. The NC characteristics (size, density, and coverage) have been measured by spatially resolved electron-energy-loss spectroscopy by using the spectrum-imaging mode of a scanning transmission electron microscope. Their evolution has been studied as a function of thermal treatment duration at a temperature (900 °C) below the SiO2 viscoelastic point. An extended spherical Deal-Grove [J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3770 (1965)] model for self-limiting oxidation of embedded silicon NCs has been carried out. It proposes that the stress effects, due to oxide deformation, slow down the NC oxidation rate and lead to a self-limiting oxide growth. The model predictions show a good agreement with the experimental results. Soft oxidation appears to be a powerful way for manipulating the NC size distribution and surface density.
Dry Anaerobic Digestion Technologies for Agricultural Straw and Acceptability in China (2018)

Dry anaerobic digestion technology (DADT) is considered a highly feasible way to treat agricultural straw waste; however, most practical operations are always in low efficiency, due to the poor fluidity behavior and complex lignocellulosic structure of straw, which is not easily decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. Hence, it is necessary to further investigate the operation boundary, in order to increase biogas production efficiency for effective applications. In this paper, typical DADTs are reviewed and their suitability for application in China is analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of different anaerobic digestion processes are evaluated considering pretreatment, organic loading rate, anaerobic digestion temperature, and homogenization of the feedstock and inoculate. The suitability of the DADTs is evaluated considering the accessibility of straw resources and the convenience of biogas use. It is concluded that batch anaerobic digestion processes would be more suitable for the development of southern China due to the prevalence of small-scale agriculture, while continuous anaerobic digestion would be preferable in the north where large-scale agriculture is common. However, the DADTs discussed here need to broad application in China.
Synergistic antitumor effects of CDK inhibitor SNS-032 and an oncolytic adenovirus co-expressing TRAIL and Smac in pancreatic cancer (2017)

Gene therapy using oncolytic adenoviruses is a novel approach for human cancer therapeutics. The current study aimed to investigate whether the combined use of an adenovirus expressing tumor necrosis factor‑related apoptosis‑inducing ligand (TRAIL) and second mitochondria‑derived activator of caspase (Smac) upon caspase activation (ZD55‑TRAIL‑IETD‑Smac) and cyclin‑dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor SNS‑032 will synergistically reinforce their anti‑pancreatic cancer activities. The experiments in vitro demonstrated that SNS‑032 enhances ZD55‑TRAIL‑IETD‑Smac‑induced apoptosis and causes marked pancreatic cancer cell death. Western blot assays suggested that the SNS‑032 intensified ZD55‑TRAIL‑IETD‑Smac‑induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by affecting anti‑apoptotic signaling elements, including CDK‑2, CDK‑9, Mcl‑1 and XIAP. Additionally, animal experiments further confirmed that the combination of SNS‑032 and ZD55‑TRAIL‑IETD‑Smac significantly inhibited the growth of BxPC‑3 pancreatic tumor xenografts. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that SNS‑032 sensitizes human pancreatic cancer cells to ZD55‑TRAIL‑IETD‑Smac‑induced cell death in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that combined treatment with SNS‑032 and ZD55‑TRAIL‑IETD‑Smac could represent a rational approach for anti‑pancreatic cancer therapy.
Effect of Organic Dye on the Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-Sensitized ZnO Solar Cell (2014)

This work investigated the influence of the organic dyes Orange IV and Eosin Y as photosensitizers on the photovoltaic parameters of ZnO photoelectrode dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). ZnO was prepared by homemade ZnO nanoparticles. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET measurements were used to characterize the structures and the morphology of ZnO nanostructures. The Orange IV demonstrated the best performance compared with the cell sensitized with the Eosin Y. This occurred as Orange IV demonstrated the highest molar extinction coefficient.
记忆,隐喻,箴言和神话:语言学习知文化意识 (1994)

引言如果2000年是在世纪的最后一年,而不像通常认为的是下世纪的第一年,那么我就是在本世纪最后十年的第一个月内为一个专集撰写这篇文章的。该专集不仪为了庆贺“国际英语教师联合会”(IATEFL)诞生25周年,同时看到了92年的希望,这一年满含主观价值观念,也许还是以欧洲为中心的一年。当我们迈向下个世纪时,我们很自然地要对过去和将来作一些扼要的回顾和展
Optimization of sol–gel coatings on the surface of ammonium polyphosphate and its application in epoxy resin (2012)

Surface-modified ammonium polyphosphate was prepared by a sol–gel method using tetraethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane as precursors. The reaction conditions were optimized in order to decrease the water solubility of the ammonium polyphosphate. Then, modified ammonium polyphosphate and ammonium polyphosphate were used as flame retardants for an epoxy resin to constitute an intumescent flame-retardant system. The combustion behavior and the water resistance of epoxy resin and epoxy resin–containing ammonium polyphosphate or modified ammonium polyphosphate were investigated by limiting oxygen index and UL-94 test. The results show that the water resistance of epoxy resin and modified ammonium polyphosphate composites was greatly improved. The water contact angle of the modified ammonium polyphosphate reached 138°, for which the results show that there are a lot of hydrophobic groups on the surface of ammonium polyphosphate. And then the properties of the modified ammonium polyphosphate and the chemical bonding of the surface elements in the modified ammonium polyphosphate were analyzed using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that both tetraethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane hydrolyze and condense to form a dense layer structure on the surface of ammonium polyphosphate and can react with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of ammonium polyphosphate and form a new Si–O–P bond.
The Effect of Activated Charcoal Supplemented Media to Browning of In Vitro Cultures of Piper species (2000)

With the aim to effectively minimise the browning of tissue cultures of different Piper species (P. longum, P. attenuatum, P. betle, P. nigrum) explants from stem (nodal and internodal segments), petiole, and leaf were planted on Murashige and Skoog's basal medium supplemented with activated charcoal (AC). AC in the concentration of 200 mg dm-3 proved to be the best. Among the taxa studied, P. longum showed the least browning whereas, wild P. nigrum showed maximum browning.
Single Intracoronary Injection of Encapsulated Antagomir‐92a Promotes Angiogenesis and Prevents Adverse Infarct Remodeling (2014)

Early single intracoronary administration of encapsulated antagomir-92a in an adult pig model of reperfused AMI prevents left ventricular remodeling with no local or distant adverse effects, emerging as a promising therapeutic approach to translate to patients who suffer a large AMI.
Stress-induced failure and melting of ideal solids (1993)

In order to investigate the failure of ideal solids, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of a three-dimensional defect-free crystal under uniaxial applied force/strain, using a semi-empirical many-body potential, under conditions of fixed temperature and pressure. We use a hybrid molecular dynamics/Monte Carlo computation technique that allows the periodic-boundary-condition cell to change both its shape and volume. We investigate the role of loading (or strain) rate as well as of low and high temperature. Under low temperature and slow loading conditions, we find that failure is sometimes preceded by a crystal–crystal phase transition that corresponds to a physically allowed lattice invariant (PALI) strain. At sufficiently high temperatures we observe direct failure of the system via stress-induced melting.
Roflupram exerts neuroprotection via activation of CREB/PGC‐1α signalling in experimental models of Parkinson's disease (2020)

Background and Purpose Roflupram improves cognition and limits neuroinflammation in the brain. However, the beneficial effects of roflupram on Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of ROF in experimental models of PD. Experimental Approach We used an in vitro PD model of SH‐SY5Y cells exposed to 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP + ). Cell viability and apoptosis were analysed via the MTT assay and flow cytometry. Mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, and ROS were measured by a mitochondrial tracker, Seahorse Analyzer, and a MitoSOX‐Red dye. For in vivo PD model, behavioural tests, Nissl staining, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate protection by roflupram. The levels of TH, cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), and PPARγ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α) were analysed by western blotting. Key Results Roflupram decreased MPP + ‐induced apoptosis in SH‐SY5Y cells and human dopaminergic neurons. Roflupram also increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity, decreased ROS production, and restored mitochondrial morphology. Roflupram reversed the MPP + ‐induced reductions of phosphorylated CREB, PGC‐1α and TH. These protective effects were blocked by the PKA inhibitor H‐89 or by PGC‐1α siRNA. In mice treated with MPTP, roflupram significantly improved motor functions. Roflupram prevented both dopaminergic neuronal loss and the reduction of phosphorylated CREB and PGC‐1α in the substantia nigra and striatum. Conclusion and Implications Roflupram protected dopaminergic neurons from apoptosis via the CREB/PGC‐1α pathway in PD models. Hence, roflupram has potential as a protective drug in the treatment of PD.
Checklist for Evaluation of Image-Based Artificial Intelligence Reports in Dermatology (2021)

Clinically effective AI needs to be fair, reliable, and safe; this checklist of best practices will help both developers and reviewers achieve this goal.
Personal Consequences of Malpractice Lawsuits on American Surgeons (2011)

Malpractice lawsuits are common and have potentially profound personal consequences for US surgeons. Additional research is needed to identify individual, organizational, and societal interventions to support surgeons subjected to malpractice litigation.
A combined CFD-experimental method for abrasive erosion testing of concrete (2017)

Abstract Serious damage may occur to concrete hydraulic structures, such as water galleries, spillways, and stilling basins, due to the abrasive erosion caused by the presence of solid particles in the flow. This underlines the importance of being capable in providing characterization of the concrete from the point of view of its vulnerability to abrasive erosion, in order to improve the design of the structure and the material selection. Nevertheless, the existing apparatus for concrete abrasive erosion testing are either far from allowing realistic simulation of the actual environment in which this phenomenon occurs, or show a large degree of complexity and cost. An alternative method has been developed with the aid of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). CFD was first employed to verify the effectiveness of a new laboratory equipment. Afterwards, a parameter has been introduced which, by successful comparison against preliminary experiments, proved suitable to quantify the effect of the fluid dynamic conditions on the concrete abrasive erosion, thereby opening the way to CFD-based customization of the apparatus. In the future, the synergy of numerical and physical modelling will allow developing predictive models for concrete erosion, making it possible to reliably simulate real structures.
Development of novel surface display platforms for anchoring heterologous proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2019)

Cell surface display of recombinant proteins has become a powerful tool for biotechnology and biomedical applications. As a model eukaryotic microorganism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an ideal candidate for surface display of heterologous proteins. However, the frequently used commercial yeast surface display system, the a-agglutinin anchor system, often results in low display efficiency. We initially reconstructed the a-agglutinin system by replacing two anchor proteins with one anchor protein. By directly fusing the target protein to the N-terminus of Aga1p and inserting a flexible linker, the display efficiency almost doubled, and the activity of reporter protein α-galactosidase increased by 39%. We also developed new surface display systems. Six glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored cell wall proteins were selected to construct the display systems. Among them, Dan4p and Sed1p showed higher display efficiency than the a-agglutinin anchor system. Linkers were also inserted to eliminate the effects of GPI fusion on the activity of the target protein. We further used the newly developed Aga1p, Dan4p systems and Sed1p system to display exoglucanase and a relatively large protein β-glucosidase, and found that Aga1p and Dan4p were more suitable for immobilizing large proteins. Our study developed novel efficient yeast surface display systems, that will be attractive tools for biotechnological and biomedical applications
Molecular Basis of the Mechanism of Thiol Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide in Aqueous Solution: Challenging the SN2 Paradigm (2012)

The oxidation of cellular thiol-containing compounds, such as glutathione and protein Cys residues, is considered to play an important role in many biological processes. Among possible oxidants, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is known to be produced in many cell types as a response to a variety of extracellular stimuli and could work as an intracellular messenger. This reaction has been reported to proceed through a S(N)2 mechanism, but despite its importance, the reaction is not completely understood at the atomic level. In this work, we elucidate the reaction mechanism of thiol oxidation by H(2)O(2) for a model methanethiolate system using state of the art hybrid quantum-classical (QM-MM) molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that the solvent plays a key role in positioning the reactants, that there is a significant charge redistribution in the first stages of the reaction, and that there is a hydrogen transfer process between H(2)O(2) oxygen atoms that occurs after reaching the transition state. These observations challenge the S(N)2 mechanism hypothesis for this reaction. Specifically, our results indicate that the reaction is driven by a tendency of the slightly charged peroxidatic oxygen to become even more negative in the product via an electrophilic attack on the negative sulfur atom. This is inconsistent with the S(N)2 mechanism, which predicts a protonated sulfenic acid and hydroxyl anion as stable intermediates. These intermediates are not found. Instead, the reaction proceeds directly to unprotonated sulfenic acid and water.
Reverse flux through cardiac NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase under normoxia and ischemia (2002)

Little is known about the role of mitochondrial NADP(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)-ICDH) in the heart, where this enzyme shows its highest expression and activity. We tested the hypothesis that in the heart, NADP(+)-ICDH operates in the reverse direction of the citric acid cycle (CAC) and thereby may contribute to the fine regulation of CAC activity (Sazanov and Jackson, FEBS Lett 344: 109-116, 1994). We documented a reverse flux through this enzyme in rat hearts perfused with the medium-chain fatty acid octanoate using [U-(13)C(5)]glutamate and mass isotopomer analysis of tissue citrate (Comte et al., J Biol Chem 272: 26117-26124, 1997). In this study, we assessed the significance of our previous finding by perfusing hearts with long-chain fatty acids and tested the effects of changes in O(2) supply. We showed that under all of these conditions citrate was enriched in an isotopomer containing five (13)C atoms. This isotopomer can only be explained by substrate flux through reversal of the NADP(+)-ICDH reaction, which is evaluated at 3-7% of flux through citrate synthase. Small variations in reversal fluxes induced by low-flow ischemia that mimicked hibernation occurred despite major changes in contractile function and O(2) consumption of the heart as well as citrate and succinate release rates and tissue levels. Our data show a reverse flux through NADP(+)-ICDH and support its hypothesized role in the fine regulation of CAC activity in the normoxic and O(2)-deprived heart.
Energy-Delay Tradeoffs in CMOS Digital Circuits Design (2006)

Summary form only given. Digital circuit design and optimization techniques have, in the past, been developed with objective of achieving the highest performance possible, regardless of power. Thus the maximal achievable speed of digital circuits was determined primarily by the limits of the technology. However, in deep submicron technologies, power is the limiting factor for performance. Techniques have been presented which opportunistically improve power, or degrade performance to reduce power. These approaches do not directly address the true concern of digital designers, which is obtaining the minimal energy for a given performance. However, how to trade the energy for speed and where should be the optimal design point is neither well understood nor well defined. Every design operates in a design space, which is bound by maximally achievable speed and minimal achievable power. The speed of every digital circuit block can be traded for power and vice versa. Logical Effort technique helps determine transistor sizes for speed being an objective function. However, Logical Effort neglects energy issues and fails to provide a guideline when designing with power budget. We extended the Logical Effort beyond its present limitation and developed it into a tool that provides digital circuit designer with sizing guidelines in energy-delay space. This presentation addresses the primary factors impacting optimization of digital circuits, and a framework for the optimal sizing, comparison, and analysis of energy-efficient designs.
Production of Pure Granules Of Sba-15 Mesoporous Silica (2018)

Mesoporous silica materials have been widely investigated for their great potential as competitive adsorbents and catalysts in different areas, due to their ordered and uniform porous structures and high surface area. In order to increase the availability of these materials, the need to granulate them becomes vital for an efficient performance in industrial units. This study reports the production and characterization of clay-free granules of SBA-15 mesoporous silica, by applying the extrusion technique. The suggested methodology uses only methocel as the organic binder, which is removed after calcination. The granulation process was successfully achieved, producing pure granules of SBA-15 mesoporous silica, in size of millimeters, with 8.3 MPa of compacting pressure (by axial crushing test). The surface area and pore volume of SBA-15 mesoporous silica granules (calcined at 800 ºC) were around 392 m2/g and 0.53 cm3/g, respectively.
Studies of nearest-neighbor interactions between amino acids in gas-phase protonated peptides. (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of nearest-neighbor interactions between amino acids in gas-phase protonated peptides.Jiangyue Wu, Eric Gard, Jennifer Bregar, M. Kirk Green, and Carlito B. LebrillaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 39, 9900–9905Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00144a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00144a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recent shortcuts (2007)

We present an empirical study of teams that revealed the amount of extraneous individual work needed to enable collaboration: finding references to other people, finding files to attach to email, managing incoming email attachments, managing the variety of files used in shared activities, and tracking what work is owed to others. Much of this work involves finding recently accessed objects that are needed again in the user's current task focus. These observations led to the design of Recent Shortcuts, a tool to help support coordination by making recently used objects easily accessible. Recent Shortcuts enables quick access to people (including groups of people), received attachments, files, and file folders that the user interacted with recently for re-use in the user's current context. Recent Shortcuts makes it easy to use these objects across applications with no additional user input and minimal changes to the user's applications or work practice. Early user experiences with a working prototype led to an extension that integrates recently accessed objects across multiple devices.
Multiagent model of VICS (2003)

VICS is becoming well-known as one of the representative applications of ITS, and this can be regarded as an interesting test-bed for the analysis of complexity emerging in a multiagent system. That is, differences of individual drivers' attitudes to the provided information will make affairs more complex than that of being treated by usual multiagent systems where the individual agents' behaviors could be predicted in some deterministic ways. Different from the conventional approaches to design a whole group of agents as a single system, we do not assume that any agents can make any peer-to-peer communication with others, but that they can pick up their own roles from common messages broadcasted over a group of agents. Based on our proposed bi-referential model explaining how agents validate their own role or their niche by referring to both self and others through the self-closed learning mechanism, the emergent properties caused by the change of individuality of the drivers as well as by the environmental status of traffic jams (i.e., their frequencies and geographical scales) are discussed.
Immunosuppressive Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Involvement of HLA-G (2007)

Our findings provide evidences supporting involvement of HLA-G in the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs. These results emphasize the potential application of MSCs as a relevant therapeutic candidate in transplantation.