gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Situ Investigation of the Volume Change in Li-ion Cell with Charging and Discharging (2004)

Since battery performance is the main factor affecting on-orbit satellite operation, it is very important to understand the degradation mechanism of battery performance and operating conditions. In particular, a lithium (Li) ion cell used as a satellite power source may be subjected to high charge and discharge rates, and the cell volume change during the charge-discharge cycle might cause the mechanical degradation of the electrode. In this work, we used two in situ methods, load cell measurement and X-ray observation, to investigate the cell volume change of a commercial Li-ion polymer cell with charging and discharging An excess cell volume change that was delayed with respect to the change induced by the state of charge was observed at high charge and discharge rates. We attributed this phenomenon to the slow diffusion of Li ions in the electrode active materials and slow structural change in the outer region of the electrode particle. Furthermore, we deduced that the outer region of the electrode particle, rather than the inner region, was mainly responsible for the excess cell volume change. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Staging of internal derangements of the TMJ with magnetic resonance imaging: preliminary observations. (1989)

Although MRI has been reported to be accurate in diagnosing displaced TMJ menisci, it has not been used to characterize the condition of the meniscus. A staging system of internal derangement of the TMJ using MRI signal characteristics and morphology of the meniscus is presented. A normal meniscus has the appearance of a small "drumstick" and is positioned superiorly on the mandibular condyle. It produces a small amount of intermediate signal on the MRI. A grade 1 displaced meniscus has normal shape and signal; a grade 2 meniscus has normal shape and absent signal; a grade 3 meniscus has abnormal shape and absent signal. There was a significant correlation between meniscus grade and chronicity of symptoms, severity of pain, and presence of degenerative joint disease in 62 joints (39 patients).
Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae unlinked to cholera in Haiti (2012)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF ALPHA‐FLUOROENOLATES AND THEIR USE IN THE DIRECTED ALDOL REACTION (1985)

Abstract Fluoressigsäureester (I) reagiert mit dem Li‐amid (II) zum Li‐Derivat (III), das in Form seiner Enolate (VIII) oder (IX) mit Oxoverbindungen (IV) glatt zu den Addukten (V) führt.
Gender Differences of Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior Problems According to the Extracurricular Education (2010)

Objectives ： The purpose of this study was to evaluate gender differences with respect to the internalization or externalization of symptoms according to the amount of time spent engaged in extracurricular education. Methods ： The study included a community sample of 755 boys and girls (mean age, 6.6 years), collected from five elementary schools in Gunpo, South Korea. Primary caregivers completed a questionnaire which included information on demographics, the amounts of time children spent in extracurricular education and with other activities, and an adapted form of the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC-2). Gender differences regarding externalizing and internalizing behavior problems were examined according to extracurricular education. Results ： With respect to the boys, there was a difference in the frequency of those who had externalizing behavior problems according to their time spent in extracurricular education. In contrast, the girls exhibited no difference. With respect to those children who spent a lot of time engaged in extracurricular education, there was a gender-specific difference only with respect to externalizing behavior problems. Conclusion ： A gender-specific difference exists only in terms of externalizing behavior problems according to time spent engaged in extracurricular education.
Suppressing the Structure Deterioration of Ni-Rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 through Atom-Scale Interfacial Integration of Self-Forming Hierarchical Spinel Layer with Ni Gradient Concentration (2017)

Ni-rich layered cathodes have attracted great interest due to the high specific capacity, but they suffer from the layered structure deterioration and the resultant poor cyclability and inferior storage performance. Herein, we propose a novel facile strategy to in situ generate an integrated hierarchical spinel layer on the surface of layered LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (SC-LNCMO) through a pH modulation induced gradient change of Mn ions valence in the precursor. The self-forming hierarchical spinel layer through this strategy is tightly integrated into the layered phase by atom-scale interfacial junctions, and a Ni gradient concentration from the outer to inner has also formed, which strengthens the interface bonding, reduces the surface layer-host phase mismatch, alleviates the Li<sup>+</sup>/Ni<sup>2+</sup> mixing, and substantially enhances the structure stability of LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> during charge-discharge cycles. These contribute to the large improvement of the cycling stability, rate capability, and low-temperature performances. More importantly, the long-term storage stability of SC-LNCMO has also been significantly improved due to the effective suppression of the integrated spinel layer on the reduction of Ni<sup>3+</sup> to Ni<sup>2+</sup>, cations migration and Li<sup>+</sup>/Ni<sup>2+</sup> exchange, and Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> formation. This study not only offers a facile novel strategy to create tightly integrated spinel-layered high-performance cathode materials but also presents some new insights into the structure deterioration and the stabilization mechanism of Ni-rich layered cathode materials during charge/discharge cycles or long-term storage.
Enhancing durability of CIS43 monoclonal antibody by Fc mutation or AAV delivery for malaria prevention (2020)

CIS43 is a potent neutralizing human mAb that targets a highly conserved "junctional" epitope in the Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). Enhancing the durability of CIS43 in vivo will be important for clinical translation. Here, 2 approaches were used to improve the durability of CIS43 in vivo while maintaining potent neutralization. First, the Fc domain was modified with the LS mutations (CIS43LS) to increase CIS43 binding affinity for the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). CIS43LS and CIS43 showed comparable in vivo protective efficacy. CIS43LS had 9- to 13-fold increased binding affinity for human (6.2 nM versus 54.2 nM) and rhesus (25.1 nM versus 325.8 nM) FcRn at endosomal pH 6.0 compared with CIS43. Importantly, the half-life of CIS43LS in rhesus macaques increased from 22 days to 39 days compared with CIS43. The second approach for sustaining antibody levels of CIS43 in vivo is through adeno-associated virus (AAV) expression. Mice administered once with AAV-expressing CIS43 had sustained antibody levels of approximately 300 μg/mL and mediated protection against sequential malaria challenges up to 36 weeks. Based on these data, CIS43LS has advanced to phase I clinical trials, and AAV delivery provides a potential next-generation approach for malaria prevention.
Highly Photosensitive PCFs with Extremely Germanium Doped Core (2010)

We report about preparation and application of index guiding germanium doped microstructured fibers, special designed for Bragg grating inscription. Due to their maximum germanium oxide concentration of 36 mol% they show a very high photosensitivity. The core diameters of the PCFs were variied between 1.6 and 6.6 μm by changing the fiber diameters. For small core PCF preparation we integrated an additional microstructured cane overcladding step. The cores are about at half total diameter doped with germanium. The holey silica claddings are arranged in a five ring hexagonal package with a hole‐pitch ratio of about 0.9 and 0.3. So we can vary the inscription efficiency of Ge doped PCFs. In difference to other highly doped or non‐silica PCFs with highly polarizable and probably photosensitive core components, e.g. PCFs with lanthanum glass core, germanium doped PCFs show beside their high photosensitivity a low spectral loss. Measured with an unstructured fiber the highly germanium doped silica core material exhibits a minimum loss of about 6.5 dB/km. Inserted in the PCF structure the attenuation is increased to about 40 dB/km at a wavelength of 1.2 μm for the large core PCF. The small core PCF show an increased loss level in the hundred dB/km range. This effect is caused, as well as the increase of hydroxide impurification during the partial “atmospheric” PCF preparation procedure, by structural imperfections of the designed PCFs. The high germanium concentration in the central core region allows a suitable Bragg grating inscription.
INFOSTATIONS: a new system model for data and messaging services (2002)

We analyze a new wireless system concept called Infostations, that can provide isolated pockets of high bandwidth connectivity for future data and messaging services. The intermittent connectivity available to mobile terminals using a network of Infostations raises new issues in protocol design at several layers. This paper describes the challenges of Infostation protocol design. It also presents a mathematical analysis of Infostation information transfer focusing on the optimum combination of transmission rate and coverage area.
OzCHI 2016 workshop proposal (2016)

As the advancement of mixed and augmented reality technologies accelerates, not only the matured, complete studies but also early results of innovative ideas and unique experiences of case studies are getting more important to the research community. Examples of such studies include those with innovative concepts, hardware, software or applications but lacking rigorous user studies, case studies in industry and education, cultural and artistic installations using AR/MR technologies, and interdisciplinary studies that do not fit well into existing conference venues. The First International Workshop on Mixed and Augmented Reality Innovations (MARI) provides an opportunity to share and discuss such innovative ideas and precious experiences with researchers from all over the world.
FDA Accelerated Approval for Malignant Hematology and Oncology Indications in the Canadian Environment (2022)

Accelerated approval (AA) by the FDA enables earlier access to promising new therapies. Health Canada has a similar process. Canada implemented a national health technology assessment (HTA) for reimbursement decisions in 2011. This study evaluated regulatory and funding timelines and decisions for FDA AA cancer therapies in Canada. The FDA's AA of malignant hematology and oncology from January 2000-December 2019 was reviewed. Dates from Health Canada, HTA decisions and provincial listings were collected. There were 94 FDA AAs, two of which were subsequently withdrawn. Of the 92 AAs, 70 received full (46)/conditional (24) Health Canada approval, and 22 were not filed. Since the introduction of HTA, 31 out of 45 of Health Canada's approved indications underwent HTA review: 18 received a positive recommendation conditional on cost-effectiveness, 8 were not recommended and 5 were withdrawn/suspended. The median time from the AA to any Health Canada approval is 9.4 months, from any Health Canada approval to HTA decision is 5.8 months and from HTA decision to the first formulary listing is 12.0 months. The access and timeline for the first formulary listing differences were observed between the USA and Canada due to the decision of pharmaceutical companies to submit (or not) to regulatory/HTA bodies, national procedural delays with different healthcare delivery models and submission timelines. This study demonstrates that there is delayed access to promising new therapies in Canada.
Phase 1 safety and tolerability study of BMP-7 in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (2019)

Abstract Background There are no proven therapies that modify the structural changes associated with osteoarthritis (OA). Preclinical data suggests that intra-articular recombinant human BMP-7 (bone morphogenetic protein-7) has reparative effects on cartilage, as well as on symptoms of joint pain. The objective of this study was to determine the safety and tolerability as well as dose-limiting toxicity and maximal tolerated dose of intra-articular BMP-7. The secondary objectives were to determine the effect on symptomatic responses through 24 weeks. Methods This was a Phase 1, double-blind, randomized, multi-center, placebo-controlled, single-dose escalation safety study consisting of 4 dosing cohorts in participants with knee OA. Each cohort was to consist of 8 treated participants, with treatment allocation in a 3:1 active (intra-articular BMP-7) to placebo ratio. Eligible participants were persons with symptomatic radiographic knee OA over the age of 40. The primary objective of this study was to determine the safety and tolerability of BMP-7 including laboratory assessments, immunogenicity data and radiographic assessments. Secondary objectives were to determine the proportion of participants with a 20%, 50%, and 70% improvement in the WOMAC pain and function subscales at 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. Other secondary outcomes included the change from baseline to 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks for the OARSI responder criteria. Results The mean age of participants was 60 years and 73% were female. All 33 participants who were enrolled completed the study and most adverse events were mild or moderate and were similar in placebo and BMP-7 groups. The 1 mg BMP-7 group showed a higher frequency of injection site pain and there was no ectopic bone formation seen on plain x-rays. By week 12, most participants in both the BMP-7 and placebo groups experienced a 20% improvement in pain and overall the BMP-7 group was similar to placebo with regard to this measurement. In the participants who received 0.1 mg and 0.3 mg BMP-7, there was a trend toward greater symptomatic improvement than placebo. The other secondary endpoints showed similar trends including the OARSI responder criteria for which the BMP-7 groups had more responders than placebo. Conclusions There was no dose limiting toxicity identified in this study. The suggestion of a symptom response, together with the lack of dose limiting toxicity provide further support for the continued development of this product for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
LLQA - Lifelog Question Answering Dataset (2022)

Recollecting details from lifelog data involves a higher level of granularity and reasoning than a conventional lifelog retrieval task. Investigating the task of Question Answering (QA) in lifelog data could help in human memory recollection, as well as improve traditional lifelog retrieval systems. However, there has not yet been a standardised benchmark dataset for the lifelog-based QA. In order to provide a first dataset and baseline benchmark for QA on lifelog data, we present a novel dataset, LLQA, which is an augmented 85-day lifelog collection and includes over 15,000 multiple-choice questions. We also provide different baselines for the evaluation of future works. The results showed that lifelog QA is a challenging task that requires more exploration. The dataset is publicly available at https://github.com/allie-tran/LLQA .
Targeted Repair of p47-CGD in iPSCs by CRISPR/Cas9: Functional Correction without Cleavage in the Highly Homologous Pseudogenes (2019)

Mutations in the NADPH oxidase, which is crucial for the respiratory burst in phagocytes, result in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The only curative treatment option for CGD patients, who suffer from severe infections, is allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Over 90% of patients with mutations in the p47<sup>phox</sup> subunit of the oxidase complex carry the deletion c.75_76delGT (ΔGT). This frequent mutation most likely originates via gene conversion from one of the two pseudogenes NCF1B or NCF1C, which are highly homologous to NCF1 (encodes p47<sup>phox</sup>) but carry the ΔGT mutation. We applied CRISPR/Cas9 to generate patient-like p47-ΔGT iPSCs for disease modeling. To avoid unpredictable chromosomal rearrangements by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated cleavage in the pseudogenes, we developed a gene-correction approach to specifically target NCF1 but leave the pseudogenes intact. Functional assays revealed restored NADPH oxidase activity and killing of bacteria in corrected phagocytes as well as the specificity of this approach.
All-MOS charge redistribution analog-to-digital conversion techniques. I (1975)

Describes a technique for performing A/D conversion compatibly with standard single-channel MOS technology. The use of a binary weighted capacitor array to perform a high-speed, successive approximation conversion is discussed. The technique provides an inherent sample/hold function and can accept both polarities of inputs with a single positive reference. The factors limiting the accuracy and conversion rate of the technique are considered analytically. Experimental results from a monolithic prototype are presented; a resolution of 10 bits was achieved with a conversion time of 23 /spl mu/s. The estimated die size for a completely monolithic version is 8000 mil/SUP 2/.
Recent Developments in Homogeneous Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment (2014)

This paper reports on recent developments in homogeneous Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for the treatment of water and wastewater. It has already been established that AOPs are very efficient compared to conventional treatment methods for degradation and mineralization of recalcitrant pollutants present in water and wastewater. AOPs generate a powerful oxidizing agent, hydroxyl radical, which can react with most of the pollutants present in wastewater. Therefore, it is important to discuss recent developments in AOPs. The homogeneous AOPs such as O 3 , UV/O 3 , UV/O 3 /H 2 O 2 , and UV/H 2 O 2 , Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 , UV/Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 on the degradation of pollutants are discussed in this paper. The influence on the process efficiency of various experimental parameters such as solution pH, temperature, oxidant concentration, and the dosage of the light source is discussed. A list of contaminants used for degradation by various AOPs and the experimental conditions used for the treatment are discussed in detail.
<title>Simulation And Preliminary Performance Characteristics Of A Computed Tomography Device For Industrial Applications</title> (1979)

A computed tomography system designed to function in an industrial environment is being constructed. The modular design maintains the flexibility necessary in an environment where source strength and energy, as well as detector type, could change with each application. The static nature of industrial objects also allow economies of design not possible where dynamic objects are to be analyzed. Simulation of the device has been completed and expected image qualities obtained.
Therapeutic potential of targeting Tfr/Tfh cell balance by low-dose-IL-2 in active SLE: a post hoc analysis from a double-blind RCT study (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov Registries ( NCT02465580 ).
Pyranonaphthoquinone antibiotics—isolation, structure and biological activity (1999)

The aim of this review is to survey the chemical and biological literature relating to the isolation, characterisation and biological activity of the pyranonaphthoquinone family of antibiotics. ...
Discovery of NV-5138, the first selective Brain mTORC1 activator (2019)

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) has been linked to several important chronic medical conditions many of which are associated with advancing age. A variety of inputs including the amino acid leucine are required for full mTORC1 activation. The cytoplasmic proteins Sestrin1 and Sestrin2 specifically bind to the multiprotein complex GATOR2 and communicate leucine sufficiency to the mTORC1 pathway activation complex. Herein, we report NV-5138, a novel orally bioavailable compound that binds to Sestrin2 and activates mTORC1 both in vitro and in vivo. NV-5138 like leucine transiently activates mTORC1 in several peripheral tissues, but in contrast to leucine uniquely activates this complex in the brain due lack of metabolism and utilization in protein synthesis. As such, NV-5138 will permit the exploration in areas of unmet medical need including neuropsychiatric conditions and cognition which have been linked to the activation status of mTORC1.
FASandFASLvariations in outcomes of tobacco- and alcohol-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients (2020)

Radiotherapy and cisplatin lead to cell killing in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, but adverse events and response to treatment are not the same in patients with similar clinicopathological aspects. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the roles of <i>TP53</i> c.215G > C, <i>FAS</i> c.-671A > G, <i>FAS</i> c.-1378G > A, <i>FASL</i> c.-844 C > T, <i>CASP3</i> c.-1191A > G, and <i>CASP3</i> c.-182-247G > T single nucleotide variants in toxicity, response rate, and survival of cisplatin chemoradiation-treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Genomic DNA was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for genotyping. Differences between groups of patients were analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, multiple logistic regression analysis, and Cox hazards model. One hundred nine patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled in study. All patients were smokers and/or alcoholics. Patients with <i>FAS</i> c.-671GG genotype, <i>FAS</i> c.-671AG or GG genotype, and <i>FASL</i> c.-844CC genotype had 5.52 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42-21.43), 4.03 (95% CI: 1.51-10.79), and 5.77 (95% CI: 1.23-27.04) more chances of presenting chemoradiation-related anemia of grades 2-4, lymphopenia of grade 3 or 4, and ototoxicity of all grades, respectively, than those with the remaining genotypes. <i>FAS</i> c.-671GG genotype was also seen as an independent predictor of shorter event-free survival (hazard ratio (HR): 2.05; <i>P</i> <i>=</i> 0.007) and overall survival (HR: 1.83; <i>P</i> <i>=</i> 0.02) in our head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. These findings present, for the first time, preliminary evidence that inherited abnormalities in apoptosis pathway, related to <i>FAS</i> c.-671A > G and <i>FASL</i> c.-844 C > T single nucleotide variants, can alter toxicity and survival of tobacco- and alcohol-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients homogeneously treated with cisplatin chemoradiation.
Reciprocal space XRD mapping with varied incident angle as a probe of structure variation within surface depth (2013)

In this study, we used a differential-depth X-Ray diffraction Reciprocal Spacing Mapping (XRD RSM) technique to investigate the crystal quality of a variety of SRF-relevant Nb film and bulk materials. By choosing different X-ray probing depths, the RSM study successfully revealed evolution the of materials microstructure after different materials processes, such as energetic condensation or surface polishing. The RSM data clearly measured the materials crystal quality at different thickness. Through a novel differential-depth RSM technique, this study found: I. for a heteroepitaxy Nb film Nb(100)/MgO(100), the film thickening process, via a cathodic arc-discharge Nb ion deposition, created a near-perfect single crystal Nb on the surfaces top-layer; II. for a mechanically polished single-crystal bulk Nb material, the microstructure on the top surface layer is more disordered than that in-grain.