gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of symmetries on quantum fidelity decay (2005)

We explore the effect of a system's symmetries on fidelity decay behavior. Chaoslike exponential fidelity decay behavior occurs in nonchaotic systems when the system possesses symmetries and the applied perturbation is not tied to a classical parameter. Similar systems without symmetries exhibit faster-than-exponential decay under the same type of perturbation. This counterintuitive result, that extra symmetries cause the system to behave in a chaotic fashion, may have important ramifications for quantum-error correction.
Dynamic Characterization of Galfenol (Fe81.6Ga18.4) (2016)

Galfenol has the potential to transform the smart materials industry by allowing for the development of multifunctional, load-bearing devices. One of the primary technical challenges faced by this development is the very limited experimental data on Galfenol's frequency-dependent response to dynamic stress, which is critically important for the design of such devices. This report details a novel and precise characterization of the constitutive behavior of polycrystalline Galfenol (Fe81.6Ga18.4) under quasi-static (1 Hz) and dynamic (4 to 1000 Hz) stress loadings. Mechanical loads are applied using a high-frequency load frame. Quasi-static minor and major hysteresis loop measurements of magnetic flux density and strain are presented for constant electromagnet currents (0 to 1.1 A) and constant magnetic fields 0 to 14 kA/m (0 to 180 Oe). The dynamic stress amplitude for minor and major loops is 2.88 and 31.4 MPa (418 and 4550 psi), respectively. Quasi-static material properties closely match published values for similar Galfenol materials. Quasi-static actuation responses are also measured and compared to quasi-static sensing responses; the high degree of reversibility seen in the comparison is consistent with published measurements and modeling results. Dynamic major and minor loops are measured for dynamic stresses up to 31 MPa (4496 psi) and 1 kHz, and the bias condition resulting in maximum, quasi-static sensitivity. Eddy current effects are quantified by considering solid and laminated Galfenol rods. Three key sources of error in the dynamic measurements are accounted for: (1) electromagnetic noise in strain signals due to Galfenol's magnetic response, (2) error in load signals due to the inertial force of fixturing, and (3) phase misalignment between signals due to conditioning electronics. For dynamic characterization, strain error is kept below 1.2 percent of full scale by wiring two collocated gauges in series (noise cancellation) and through leadwire weaving. Inertial force error is kept below 0.41 percent by measuring the dynamic force in the specimen using a nearly collocated piezoelectric load washer. The phase response of all conditioning electronics is explicitly measured and corrected for. In general, as frequency is increased, the sensing response becomes more linear because of an increase in eddy currents. As frequency increases above approximately 100 Hz, the elbow in the strain-versus-stress response disappears as the active (soft) regime stiffens toward the passive (hard) regime. Under constant-field conditions, the loss factors of the solid rod peak between 200 and 600 Hz, rather than exhibiting a monotonic increase. Compared to the solid rod, the laminated rod exhibits much slower increases in hysteresis with frequency, and its quasi-static behavior extends to higher frequencies. The elastic modulus of the laminated rod decreases between 100 and 300 Hz; this trend is currently unexplained.
The Return of Synthetic Benchmarks (2008)

This paper describes a framework, BenchMaker, for constructing parameterized, scalable, synthetic benchmarks from a set of hardware-independent program characteristics. We show that with a suitable choice of a few inherent program characteristics related to the instruction mix, instruction-level parallelism, control flow behavior, and memory access patterns, it is possible to generate a synthetic benchmark whose performance directly relates to that of a real-world application. The parameterized nature of this framework enables the construction of synthetic benchmarks that allow researchers to explore a wider range of the application behavior space, even when no benchmarks yet exist. We evaluate the applicability and the usefulness of BenchMaker for studying the impact of program characteristics on performance and how they interact with processor microarchitecture. 1.
Infrared Detection Using Plasmonically Enhanced Thermomechanically Actuated Nanowire Arrays (2017)

A plasmo-thermomechanical IR detector based on suspended bilayer nanowire array is demonstrated. The detector exhibits an absorption coefficient of 0.0494. The maximum difference in S21 between the radiation on and off states is 0.013 with a radiation intensity of 0.1 mW/µm2.
Boranediyl‐ and Diborane(4)‐1,2‐diyl‐Bridged Platinum A‐Frame Complexes (2020)

Diplatinum A-frame complexes with a bridging (di)boron unit in the apex position were synthesized in a single step by the double oxidative addition of dihalo(di)borane precursors at a bis(diphosphine)-bridged Pt<sup>0</sup> <sub>2</sub> complex. While structurally analogous to well-known μ-borylene complexes, in which delocalized dative three-center-two-electron M-B-M bonding prevails, theoretical investigations into the nature of Pt-B bonding in these A-frame complexes show them to be rare dimetalla(di)boranes displaying two electron-sharing Pt-B σ-bonds. This is experimentally reflected in the low kinetic stability of these compounds, which are prone to loss of the (di)boron bridgehead unit.
Regioselective Reductive Coupling of Alkynes and Aldehydes Leading to Allylic Alcohols (2003)

Treatment of a mixture of a terminal alkyne and an aldehyde with CrCl(2) and a catalytic amount of NiCl(2) and triphenylphosphine in the presence of water in DMF at 25 degrees C gives a 1,2-disubstituted allylic alcohol regioselectively.
Using Light to Build Quantum Networks of Atoms (2015)

Laser-cooled atomic ions are standards for quantum information science, acting as qubit memories with unsurpassed levels of quantum coherence while also allowing near-perfect measurement. When qubit state-dependent optical dipole forces are applied to a collection of trapped ions, their Coulomb interaction is modulated in a way that allows the entanglement of the qubits through quantum gates that form the basis of a quantum computer. Similar optical forces allow the simulation of quantum many-body physics, where recent experiments are approaching a level of complexity that cannot be modelled with conventional computers. Scaling to much larger numbers of qubits can be accomplished by coupling trapped ion qubits through optical photons, where entanglement over remote distances can be used for quantum communication and large-scale distributed quantum computers. Laser sources and quantum optical techniques are the workhorse for such quantum networks, and will continue to lead the way as future quantum hardware is developed.
Inhibition of Lysine 63 Ubiquitination Prevents the Progression of Renal Fibrosis in Diabetic DBA/2J Mice (2021)

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most frequent cause of end-stage renal disease. Tubulointerstitial accumulation of lysine 63 (K63)-ubiquitinated (Ub) proteins is involved in the progression of DN fibrosis and correlates with urinary miR-27b-3p downregulation. We explored the renoprotective effect of an inhibitor of K63-Ub (NSC697923), alone or in combination with the ACE-inhibitor ramipril, in vitro and in vivo. Proximal tubular epithelial cells and diabetic DBA/2J mice were treated with NSC697923 and/or ramipril. K63-Ub protein accumulation along with α-SMA, collagen I and III, FSP-1, vimentin, p16<sup>INK4A</sup> expression, SA-α Gal staining, Sirius Red, and PAS staining were measured. Finally, we measured the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (uACR), and urinary miR-27b-3p expression in mice. NSC697923, both alone and in association with ramipril, in vitro and in vivo inhibited hyperglycemia-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition by significantly reducing K63-Ub proteins, α-SMA, collagen I, vimentin, FSP-1 expression, and collagen III along with tubulointerstitial and glomerular fibrosis. Treated mice also showed recovery of urinary miR-27b-3p and restored expression of p16<sup>INK4A</sup>. Moreover, NSC697923 in combination with ramipril demonstrated a trend in the reduction of uACR. In conclusion, we suggest that selective inhibition of K63-Ub, when combined with the conventional treatment with ACE inhibitors, might represent a novel treatment strategy to prevent the progression of fibrosis and proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy and we propose miR-27b-3p as a biomarker of treatment efficacy.
Enhanced Activity and Stability of Gold/Ceria-Titania for the Low-Temperature Water-Gas Shift Reaction (2019)

Gold supported on ceria-zirconia is one of the most active low temperature water-gas shift catalysts reported to date but rapid deactivation occurs under reaction conditions. In this study, ceria-titania was evaluated as an alternative catalyst support. Materials of different Ce:Ti compositions were synthesized using a sol-gel methodology and gold was supported onto these using a deposition-precipitation method. They were then investigated as catalysts for the low-temperature water-gas shift reaction. Au/Ce<sub>0.2</sub>Ti<sub>0.8</sub>O<sub>2</sub> exhibited superior activity and stability to a highly active, previously reported gold catalyst supported on ceria-zirconia. High activity and stability was found to be related to the support comprising a high number of oxygen defect sites and a high specific surface area. These properties were conducive to forming a highly active catalyst with well-dispersed Au species.
Optical Third-Order Nonlinearity of Triangular Silver Nanoprisms (2013)

The optical nonlinearity of Triangular Silver Nanoprism solutions and composites with tuneable absorption wavelength is analyzed using z-scan with 130 fs pulses. A dependence of the nonlinear optical properties on the absorption intensity is observed.
Inhibition of intestinal carcinogenesis by a new flavone derivative, chafuroside, in oolong tea (2006)

A new flavone derivative, chafuroside, has been isolated as a strong anti-inflammatory compound from oolong tea leaves, and its structure determined to be (2R,3S,4S,4aS,11bS)-3,4,11-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,4a,11b-tetrahydro-2H,10H-pyrano[2',3':4,5]furo[3,2-g]chromen-10-one. To assess its potential to inhibit intestinal carcinogenesis, 2.5, 5 and 10 p.p.m. chafuroside was given in the diet to Apc-deficient Min mice for 14 weeks from 6 weeks of age. Total numbers of polyps were reduced to 83, 73 and 56% of the control value, respectively. Moreover, dietary administration at 10 and 20 p.p.m. reduced azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon aberrant crypt foci (ACF) development in rats to 69% of the AOM-treated control value with the higher dose. Chafuroside-associated toxicity was not observed at 2.5-10 p.p.m. in Min mice and 10-20 p.p.m. in AOM-treated rats. These results suggest that chafuroside might be a good chemopreventive agent for colon cancer.
No association between pre‐diagnostic plasma C‐reactive protein concentration and subsequent prostate cancer (2003)

Pre-diagnostic plasma concentration of C-reactive protein was not associated with subsequent risk of prostate cancer.
Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Light Gas Mixtures using a Porous Strontium(II) Silicoaluminophosphate Fixed Bed: Closed Volume and Portable Applications (2013)

A Sr2+ -SAPO-34 bed was assembled to study CO2 dynamic adsorption under conditions that emulate those found in closed volume and portable applications. Although the surface area was reduced by 7% during pelletization, adsorption capacities estimated from breakthrough curves compared well with static volumetric adsorption data. Modeling of the breakthrough adsorption was achieved using a Linear Driving Force mass transfer rate model, showing good agreement with the experimental data and confirming fast kinetics and efficient use of the bed. Fast kinetics were also evidenced by the length of the unused section of the bed as calculated from a Mass Transfer Zone model. Adsorption capacity degradation was not observed after multiple regeneration cycles. Apparent and equilibrium adsorption isotherm data estimated from the bed and static volumetric experiments at 25° C were compared to that of 5A Zeolite. These showed that Sr2+ -SAPO-34 is a superior adsorbent for CO2 removal in the low partial pressure range (<1500 ppm). CO2 and H2 O multicomponent adsorption breakthrough curves were also gathered for a CO2 inlet concentration of 1000 ppm and dew points of −5 and 8° C. The addition of moisture resulted in a decrease in total processed gas volume by 31 and 47%, respectively.
The confidential MIMO broadcast capacity: A simple derivation (2015)

We consider the problem of transmitting confidential messages over a two-user broadcast multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. Surprisingly, the capacity region of this setting under a covariance matrix constraint was shown by Liu et al. to be rectangular. That is, there is no tension, and both users can attain their respective MIMO wiretap capacities, simultaneously. In this work, we provide a new derivation of this result by proposing an alternative achievability scheme for the corner point of the capacity region. This derivation, in addition to being considerably shorter and simpler than the original, also provides a practical transmission scheme, in the sense that the codes used are scalar (single-antenna) ones. We use two main ingredients. The first is the explicit optimal input covariance matrix of Bustin et al. for the MIMO wiretap channel under a covariance matrix constraint, which we also re-derive in a simple manner. The second is a dirty-paper variant of a recently proposed optimal scheme for the MIMO wiretap channel, which uses scalar codes. The proposed treatment demonstrates the connection between the confidential broadcast problem and the MIMO wiretap one: the former almost reduces to the latter, except for the use of dirty-paper coding which is not mandatory in MIMO wiretap; the work sheds light on the reason for this difference.
Growth Hormone Therapy in Adults and Children (1999)

Growth hormone is produced by the somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary. Its secretion is stimulated by growth hormone–releasing hormone and inhibited by somatostatin, which are both produced by the hypothalamus. Growth hormone secretion is pulsatile, and the amplitude of the pulses is greatest at night. Twenty-four-hour growth hormone secretion is maximal during puberty and declines gradually thereafter in both women and men. Growth hormone acts by binding to receptors on liver cells and other cells. One growth hormone molecule binds to two receptor molecules on the target cell, initiating a cascade of events that results in the secretion of . . .
Periocular-based soft biometric classification (2017)

Soft biometric traits refer to characteristics that provide some information about an individual but do not possess the distinctiveness and permanence necessary to sufficiently differentiate between any two individuals. Examples of soft biometric traits include gender, ethnicity, age, weight, and height. As early as 1997, researchers suggested that soft biometrics could be used to improve biometric recognition performance [1]. Researchers later demonstrated the use of gender, ethnicity, and height to improve the performance of a fingerprint recognition system [2]. This chapter discusses the use of local appearance features extracted from the periocular region for gender and ethnicity classification.
REACTION KINETICS FOR OLEFIN HYDROGENATION OVER COBALT-MOLYBDENUM HYDROTREATING CATALYST AND MODEL STUDY OF CATALYST PROPERTIES (1996)

ABSTRACT Intrinsic kinetic data for propylene hydrogenation over a CoMof Al2 O3 catalyst were measured in a plug-flow integral reactor at atmospheric pressure in the ranges of temperature and propylene concentration similar to industrial processes. The parameters of several Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models derived from postulated corresponding reaction mechanisms were estimated by DFP variable measurement method. It was shown in view of physical meaning, variance and residue analysis that the data could be simulated satisfactorily by power law model and the models derived from the adsorption of only either molecular hydrogen or dissociated hydrogen. A kinetic optimization method which combined diffusion-reaction model, kinetic data, pore-size distribution and tortuosity factor was proposed in this paper to calculate the intraparticle reaction dead region and intraparticle concentration profiles. The method was used to treat hydrogenation reaction and the model values of tortuosity factor were justified by single pellet string
Coupling of in-plane and out-of-plane waves in thick flat plate structure subjected to a transverse load. (1992)

Using the approaches of Mindlin [J. Appl. Mech. 18, 31–38 (1951)] and Kane and Mindlin [J. Appl. Mech. 23, 277–283 (1956)] for, respectively, the in-plane and out-of-plane wave motions in thick flat plates, the equations of motion for the in-plane and out-of-plane waves are unoccupied. That is with these approaches, a transverse load will not induce in-plane motion. This is not the case if one were to use a three-dimensional elasticity solution. Also, from a physical standpoint, if a transverse load is applied on one surface of a thick flat plate structure, apart from the out-of-plane deformation, the plate will also have some in-plane deformation. The reasons behind the decoupling of the in-plane and out-of-plane waves are the simplifying assumptions of the respective approaches, where the solution is based on the midplane of the plate with symmetric or asymmetric deformation about the midplane. If a transverse load is applied on one of the plate surfaces rather than the midplane, this can be represented by two sets of load components. One set consists of two loads pointing in the same direction and represents the excitation of the out-of-plane waves and a second set that represent two ‘‘pinching’’ loads that induce the in-plane wave motion. Using this approach the problem of two coupled plates of different thickness is considered to determine the influence of the thickness discontinuity on the in-plane and out-of-plane waves. [Work sponsored by ONR.]
2-(t-Butylazo)prop-2-yl hydroperoxide: a convenient source of hydroxyl radicals in organic media (1984)

In the presence of a suitable nitroxide, 2-(t-butylazo)prop-2-yl hydroperoxide (1a) decomposes cleanly into hydroxyl and t-butyl radicals; the rate constant for its disappearance in cyclohexane is given by: k= 9.58 × 1014 exp. (–1.47 × 104/T)s–1.
Programming the cloud (2011)

Client + cloud computing is a disruptive, new computing platform, combining diverse client devices -- PCs, smartphones, sensors, and single-function and embedded devices -- with the unlimited, on-demand computation and data storage offered by cloud computing services such as Amazon's AWS or Microsoft's Windows Azure. As with every advance in computing, programming is a fundamental challenge as client + cloud computing combines many difficult aspects of software development. Systems built for this world are inherently parallel and distributed, run on unreliable hardware, and must be continually available -- a challenging programming model for even the most skilled programmers. How then do ordinary programmers develop software for the Cloud? This talk presents one answer, Orleans, a software framework for building client + cloud applications. Orleans encourages use of simple concurrency patterns that are easy to understand and implement correctly, building on an actor-like model with declarative specification of persistence, replication, and consistency and using lightweight transactions to support the development of reliable and scalable client + cloud software.
The ProgrammableWeb: Agile, Social, and Grassroot Computing (2007)

Web services, the semantic Web, and Web 2.0 are three somewhat separate movements trying to make the Web a programmable substrate. While each has achieved some level of success on their own right, it is becoming apparent that the grassroot approach of the Web 2.0 is gaining greater success than the other two. In this paper we analyze each movement, briefly describing its main traits, and outlining its primary assumptions. We then frame the common problem of achieving a programmable Web within the context of distributed computing and software engineering and then attempt to show why Web 2.0 is closest to give a pragmatic solution to the problem and will therefore likely continue to have the most success while the other two only have cursory contributions.
Effects of cooling rate and Zn content on microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-4.0%RE-0.7%Zr alloy. (1988)

Effects of liquid cooling rate (VLC) and Zn content on microstructures and mechanical properties of unidirectionally solidified and T5-treated Mg-4.0%RE-0.7%Zr-x%Zn alloys (x=0, 2.2, 3.1, 3.9 and 5.7) were investigated. Equiaxed grain size reduces with acceleration of VLC. The amount of Mg-RE-Zn eutectic compounds increases as VLC and Zn content in the alloys increase. Zn in the matrix of as-cast alloys is condensed with decreasing VLC and with increasing Zn in the alloys. Tensile strength, elongation, and impact properties decrease, but 0.2% proof stress and Brinell hardness increase with increasing Zn content in the alloys. The T5-treated alloys strengthen proportionally with Zn content in the matrix of solidified structures. Tensile properties, Brinell hardness, maximum load and crack initiation energy are improved as VLC increases.
The incompatible interaction betweenPhytophthora parasiticavar.nicotianaerace 0 and tobacco is suppressed in transgenic plants expressing antisense lipoxygenase sequences (1998)

Nicotiana tabacum 46-8 cultivar displays an incompatible interaction with race 0 of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (Ppn), a fungal pathogen of most tobacco cultivars. At the plant level, incompatibility is characterized by the induction of lipoxygenase (LOX, EC = 1.13.11.12) activity and localized hypersensitive cell death before defense gene activation. To evaluate the involvement of LOX in the onset of plant defense, tobacco 46-8 plants were genetically engineered using full-length or partial-length antisense (AS) tobacco LOX cDNA constructs. AS expression strongly reduced elicitor- and pathogen-induced LOX activity. Eight independent AS-LOX lines were selected and assayed for their response to Ppn. After root or stem inoculation with race 0, all AS-LOX lines but one displayed a compatible phenotype whereas control transformed plants, not containing the AS-LOX cassette, showed the typical incompatible reaction. The presence of the fungus in transgenic lines was demonstrated by PCR amplification of a Ppn-specific genomic sequence. A linear relationship was found between the extent of LOX suppression and the size of the lesion caused by the fungus. The AS-LOX plants also showed enhanced susceptibility toward the compatible fungus Rhizoctonia solani. The results demonstrate the strong involvement of LOX in the establishment of incompatibility in plant-microorganism interactions, consistent with its role in the defense of host plants.
From l-Rhamnose to Rare 6-Deoxy-l-Hexoses (2016)

Efficient and rapid transformation of cheaply available l-rhamnose into all the isomeric 6-deoxy-l-hexoses via regio- and stereoselective nucleophilic displacements of triflates is reported. The synthesis entails regioselective protections, one-pot double displacements of triflates, and cascade inversions. The methodology allows facile access to all the rare 6-deoxy-l-hexoses as stable thioglycoside building blocks.