gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drinking with Design: young drinkers as psychoactive consumers (2000)

A significant minority of 1990s youth are drinking more alcohol, smoking more tobacco and/or using more illicit drugs despite a decade of major political and policy initiatives ranging from prevention/education to enforcement, regulation and Âzero tolerance'. These behavioural changes in youthful Âdrug' use have been effectively quantified but not well explained or understood. This paper offers an Âappreciative' analysis whereby young people's licit/illicit drug use is framed as they perceive itÂ as consumption rather than Âabuse'. It is based on a combination of quantitative (confidential self-report questionnaire to 721 13-16-year-olds) and qualitative methods (extensive observational fieldwork with three street drinking networks and 55 semi-structured interviews with young drinkers) in one region of north-west England. It focuses on the accounts of young people as to what, where and why they drink and the impact of the drink industry's marketing of strong, smooth-tasting, image-laden designer drinks, including alcopops. This study, in line with others, found that the heaviest young drinkers were also very likely to use readily available illicit drugs and tobacco as part of a psycho-active repertoire. Young people in this study purposely sought a Âbuzz' (intoxication) from these psyco-active repertoires which they framed as a consumption decision. With this profile of apparent hedonistic/functional consumption now being found far beyond a small delinquent or damaged core of adolescents and thus in otherwise conventional, conforming youth, it is argued that policy initiatives as well as theoretical explanations should adjust to Âpost-modernity' so that such consumption can be better socially managed.
Monolithic tunable single source in the mid-IR for spectroscopy (2013)

We present a scheme for the realization of high performances, large tuning range, fully integrated and possibly low cost mid infrared laser source based on quantum cascade lasers and silicon based integrated optics. It is composed of a laser array and a laser combiner. We show that our metal grating approach gives many advantages for the fabrication yield of those laser arrays. We show the results of such a fabrication at 1350 cm<sup>-1</sup> with 60 cm<sup>-1</sup> tuning range. The silicon is a low cost option for the size consuming combiner. In the development of the SiGe platform, we present the loss measurement set up and we show losses below 1dB/cm at 4.5&mu;m.
Beta Blockers Induce Different Intrarenal Effects in Humans: Demonstration by Selective Infusion of Tertatolol and Propranolol (1990)

The effects of tertatolol and propranolol on renal circulation were studied in patients with normal renal function to test the hypothesis that various beta blockers may have different vasomotor effects within the renal vascular bed. Left renal blood flow was measured by the continuous thermodilution method before (t0), and 5 (t1), 10 (t2), 20 (t3), and 30 (t4) minutes after a selective infusion of tertatolol (0.25 mg, N = 4) or propranolol (2.5 mg, N = 4) into the left renal artery. Heart rate, cardiac output, aortic and right atrial pressures, and systemic vascular resistances did not significantly vary after either drug throughout the study. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone in arterial and renal venous blood started to decrease at t1 after each drug. After propranolol, renal blood flow, renal vascular resistance and the renal arteriovenous oxygen difference were unchanged. Conversely, after tertatolol at t3, renal blood flow was increased (from 426 +/- 18 mL/min/1.73 m2 to 509 +/- 56 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = .03), renal vascular resistance and renal arteriovenous oxygen difference were decreased (P less than .001), and the renal blood flow/cardiac output ratio was increased (P = .03). The filtration fraction did not vary after either drug, as attested by the unchanged polyfructosan extraction coefficient. This clinical study shows that selective infusion of a single low dose of tertatolol into the renal artery results in a delayed intrarenal vasodilator effect, while at the dose tested propranolol does not modify renal hemodynamics.
Nonlinear properties of Rayleigh and Stoneley waves in solids (1988)

Bulk wave reflection formulas are extended to the surface-wave case, considering Rayleigh and Stoneley waves in terms of refracted inhomogeneous longitudinal and transversal waves, linked by the surface coupling. In this manner, a physical mechanism of second-harmonic generation process is clearly shown. The analytical expressions and physical pictures of Rayleigh- and Stoneley-wave harmonic generation have been derived in a second-order approximation. The solution shows that the second-harmonic surface waves have a field structure different from the fundamental ones and varying with the propagation distance. Some parameters were defined to characterize the elastic surface-wave second-harmonic generation efficiency. Numerical data for some isotropic materials are present. The steady-state form of finite amplitude surface wave is described and explained by a clear physical model.
A multiparameter classifier to predict response to lapatinib plus trastuzumab (LT) without chemotherapy in HER2+ breast cancer (BC). (2020)

1011 Background: Several trials have shown 25-30% pathologic complete response (pCR) rates in patients with HER2+ BC treated with LT therapy (+ endocrine therapy if ER+), but no chemotherapy (CTX). We hypothesize that a multiparameter classifier, comprised of HER2 gene and protein levels, intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), HER2-enriched (E) subtype, and PIK3CA mutation status can identify patients whose tumors are “addicted” to HER2 signaling and are likely to achieve pCR from a CTX-sparing de-escalation strategy. Methods: Baseline specimens from 2 trials (TBCRC023 [NCT00999804] and PAMELA [NCT01973660]) of neoadjuvant CTX-sparing LT (+ endocrine therapy if ER+) in HER2+ BC were used. HER2 protein and ITH (scored for % 3+ by IHC), and gene amplification (HER2:CEP17 ratio and copy number (CN) by CISH) were measured on the same slide by the dual gene protein assay (GPA). HER2-E and PIK3CA mutation status were assessed by research-based PAM50 and MSK-IMPACT platforms, respectively. A decision tree algorithm was used to determine the GPA cutoffs and to construct the classifier of response (by pCR) in TBCRC023, which was then validated in PAMELA. Results: Of the evaluable patients from TBCRC023 (N = 130) and PAMELA (N = 151), GPA data were available for 121 and 94 cases, respectively. Both cohorts exhibited similar distributions for HER2 ratio, CN, and % 3+, and a strong correlation between HER2 ratio and CN (R &gt; 0.92). In TBCRC023, 73 cases had data from GPA, PAM50, and IMPACT, of which 15 had pCR. Recursive partitioning identified cutoffs of HER2 ratio &gt; 4.6 and % 3+ &gt; 97.5% in both the GPA data cohort (N = 121) and complete data cohort (N = 73). With PAM50 and IMPACT data, the model added HER2-E and PIK3CA wild-type (wt). For practical reasons, the classifier was locked as HER2 ratio ≥ 4.5 AND % 3+ ≥ 90% AND PIK3CA-wt AND HER2-E, which yielded a PPV of 55% and NPV of 94%. Validation in PAMELA using 45 cases with data for all 3 assays yielded PPV of 44% and NPV of 82%. 29 TBCRC023 cases without IMPACT data could be predicted to be non-pCR, of which 26 were correct (NPV = 89%). In PAMELA, 66 additional cases could be predicted to be non-pCR, of which 54 were correct (NPV = 81%). Conclusions: We have constructed a multiparameter classifier that can predict pCR with targeted therapy alone that compare to pCR rates of CTX + dual anti-HER2 in unselected patients. Prospective validation in a clinical trial is warranted. [Table: see text]
Body‐Composition Changes in the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Juvenile Rhesus Macaque (2004)

Body-composition changes in SIV-infected juvenile macaques exhibit 3 phases: during acute infection, loss of body weight from fat tissue; a compensation period during which macaques grow, but at a reduced rate; and a terminal phase, during which tissue is lost from all body compartments. The SIV-infected juvenile macaque provides a useful model for the investigation of wasting in AIDS, particularly for pediatric AIDS wasting.
CoPhy: Counterfactual Learning of Physical Dynamics (2019)

Understanding causes and effects in mechanical systems is an essential component of reasoning in the physical world. This work poses a new problem of counterfactual learning of object mechanics from visual input. We develop the CoPhy benchmark to assess the capacity of the state-of-the-art models for causal physical reasoning in a synthetic 3D environment and propose a model for learning the physical dynamics in a counterfactual setting. Having observed a mechanical experiment that involves, for example, a falling tower of blocks, a set of bouncing balls or colliding objects, we learn to predict how its outcome is affected by an arbitrary intervention on its initial conditions, such as displacing one of the objects in the scene. The alternative future is predicted given the altered past and a latent representation of the confounders learned by the model in an end-to-end fashion with no supervision. We compare against feedforward video prediction baselines and show how observing alternative experiences allows the network to capture latent physical properties of the environment, which results in significantly more accurate predictions at the level of super human performance.
Factors Influencing The Use of Breast Reconstruction Postmastectomy: A National Cancer Database Study (2001)

Breast reconstruction is an underused option in breast cancer management. Predictors of the use of reconstruction do not reflect contraindications to the procedure, and indicate the need for both physician and patient education.
Substituent Effects. VI.1,2 Fluorine Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of 3'- and 4'-Substituted 4-Fluorobiphenyls and 3″-Substituted 4-Fluoroterphenyls (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituent Effects. VI.1,2 Fluorine Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of 3'- and 4'-Substituted 4-Fluorobiphenyls and 3″-Substituted 4-FluoroterphenylsMichael J. S. Dewar and Alan P. MarchandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 14, 3318–3327Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00966a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00966a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
112. FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF FIXED-HINGE VERSUS ROTATING-HINGE KNEE COMPONENTS FOR TOTAL FEMORAL ENDOPROSTHETIC REPLACEMENT FOLLOWING ONCOLOGIC RESECTIONS (2011)

Purpose: Few functional outcomes of total femoral endoprosthetic replacement (TFEPR) using contemporary modular systems are available. We compared functional results between TFEPR patients receiving fixed- and rotating-hinge knee componentry following oncologic resections. Method: Eighteen TFEPR patients were identified from a prospectively gathered sarcoma database. Six were secondary procedures and 12 primary. Four patients had metastatic carcinoma, 8 osteosarcoma, 4 non-osteogenic spindle cell sarcomas of bone, 1 Ewing’s sarcoma, and 1 femur-invading soft-tissue sarcoma. All reconstructions used modular implants from a single company. Proximally, all were bipolar hip hemiarthoplasties, 12 including abductor reattachment. Distally, 8 had fixed- and 10 had rotating-hinge knee componentry. Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS), and both Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Scores (MSTS) were compared between fixed- and rotating-hinge groups using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Complications included 1 hip dislocation, 1 femoral malrotation, and wound problems requiring 3 debridements and 1 amputation. One metastatic carcinoma patient developed local relapse. Follow-up averaged 4 years (range 1 month to 14 years). At latest follow-up, 10 patients had died of disease. Eight remained alive, 6 disease-free, 2 with distant disease. Among patients surviving 6 months, 6 used no assistive devices, 5 used a single cane, and 4 were wheelchair bound, each at least partly due to distant disease progression. TESS averaged 74.5±17.4, MSTS1987 25.2±4.4; and MSTS1993 58.6±22.9 among the 12 patients for whom functional results were available from latest follow-up. No statistically significant differences or even trends were detected between fixed-hinge and rotating-hinge patients (lowest p = 0.755), but both instability problems were in the rotating-hinge group. Conclusion: While both rotating- and fixed-hinge TFEPR reconstructions may function well, consideration should be given to fixed-hinge knee reconstruction when massive myectomies or poorer conditioning make hip and knee stability a primary concern in the short-term.
The lymphatic vasculature: An active and dynamic player in cancer progression (2021)

The lymphatic vasculature has been widely described and explored for its key functions in fluid homeostasis and in the organization and modulation of the immune response. Besides transporting immune cells, lymphatic vessels play relevant roles in tumor growth and tumor cell dissemination. Cancer cells that have invaded into afferent lymphatics are propagated to tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs), which represent an important hub for metastatic cell arrest and growth, immune modulation, and secondary dissemination to distant sites. In recent years many studies have reported new mechanisms by which the lymphatic vasculature affects cancer progression, ranging from induction of lymphangiogenesis to metastatic niche preconditioning or immune modulation. In this review, we provide an up-to-date description of lymphatic organization and function in peripheral tissues and in LNs and the changes induced to this system by tumor growth and progression. We will specifically focus on the reported interactions that occur between tumor cells and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), as well as on interactions between immune cells and LECs, both in the tumor microenvironment and in tumor-draining LNs. Moreover, the most recent prognostic and therapeutic implications of lymphatics in cancer will be reported and discussed in light of the new immune-modulatory roles that have been ascribed to LECs.
Interindividual Differences in Hair Uptake of Air Nicotine and Significance of Cigarette Counting for Estimation of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure (1996)

Hair from 80 male subjects, smokers and non-smokers, was exposed continuously in a dynamic exposure chamber to constant nicotine vapour concentrations of 20, 200 or 2000 micrograms/m3 for 72 hr. Subgroups of high and low nicotine adsorbing hair were also exposed intermittantly to environmental tobacco smoke for 8 months. Air and hair concentrations of nicotine were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The chamber experiments demonstrated a hair nicotine uptake which followed a second order relation to the applied concentrations of nicotine, y = -0.00018x2 + 0.715x + 1.13, r2 = 0.99999. The function and the experimental points showed linearity up to an air nicotine vapour concentration of about 200 micrograms/m+, covering the most relevant range of environmental exposure. An approximately 7- and 2-fold interindividual variation was observed in the hair uptake rate constant of nicotine vapour for the investigated material within the 10 to 90 and 25 to 75% percentiles, respectively. The factors causing this variation were not identified. It was shown that subject age, hair diameter and hair content of eumelanin were without correlation to the rate constants of hair nicotine uptake. The exposure of subgroups of hair to environmental tobacco smoke showed similar uptake profiles of nicotine as that experienced with exposure to pure nicotine vapour, supporting the relevance of controlled chamber nicotine vapour exposures as a relevant tool for the evaluation of hair nicotine uptake from a more complex environmental situation. Standardized measurements of air nicotine vapour and particulate concentrations in a modern office during 3 hr periodical smoking periods, showed that the number of cigarettes smoked was a poor indicator for the estimation of individual exposure to environmental tobacco smoke constituents. Hair nicotine measurements so far seem to be superior to other suggested methodologies for estimation of environmental tobacco smoke exposure, but further studies should be initiated to identify factors determining the rate constant of hair nicotine uptake.
A Fault Diagnosis Methodology for Gear Pump Based on EEMD and Bayesian Network (2015)

This paper proposes a fault diagnosis methodology for a gear pump based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method and the Bayesian network. Essentially, the presented scheme is a multi-source information fusion based methodology. Compared with the conventional fault diagnosis with only EEMD, the proposed method is able to take advantage of all useful information besides sensor signals. The presented diagnostic Bayesian network consists of a fault layer, a fault feature layer and a multi-source information layer. Vibration signals from sensor measurement are decomposed by the EEMD method and the energy of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are calculated as fault features. These features are added into the fault feature layer in the Bayesian network. The other sources of useful information are added to the information layer. The generalized three-layer Bayesian network can be developed by fully incorporating faults and fault symptoms as well as other useful information such as naked eye inspection and maintenance records. Therefore, diagnostic accuracy and capacity can be improved. The proposed methodology is applied to the fault diagnosis of a gear pump and the structure and parameters of the Bayesian network is established. Compared with artificial neural network and support vector machine classification algorithms, the proposed model has the best diagnostic performance when sensor data is used only. A case study has demonstrated that some information from human observation or system repair records is very helpful to the fault diagnosis. It is effective and efficient in diagnosing faults based on uncertain, incomplete information.
Enhanced imaging arrays using a sigma delta ADC in Si CMOS for each array pixel (2002)

Recently we have demonstrated a compact current input oversampling modulator for scalable high frame rate focal plane arrays that enables frame rates over 100 kfps operating in continuous imaging mode. All the circuits including data lines and detectors were laid-out to fit into 125 /spl mu/m/spl times/125 /spl mu/m space using 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. This compact converter also provides improvement in noise filtering performance over imagers that use capacitance at each pixel to convert detector current to voltage. This technique may allow noisy detectors to be used at high temperatures with good image quality.
Edge-to-edge mitral repair: tension on the approximating suture and leaflet deformation during acute ischemic mitral regurgitation in the ovine heart. (2001)

These experimental data demonstrate higher F(A) during IMR and cyclic changes in F(A) closely paralleling changes in L(S-L), eg, being greatest in diastole when the annulus is largest. Increased F(A) during IMR is probably indicative of successful therapeutic intent, but higher diastolic leaflet stresses resulting from persistent or progressive mitral annular dilatation may adversely affect repair durability. This indirectly implies that concomitant mitral ring annuloplasty should be added to the Alfieri repair.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Ytterbium Triflate Catalyzed Michael Additions of . alpha.‐Nitroesters in Water. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Safety of erythrosine for ornamental fish (2019)

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of erythrosine for ornamental fish. Erythrosine is a sensory additive belonging to the functional group colourants. In 2015, the FEEDAP Panel calculated the safe concentration in complete feed of ornamental fish to be 59 mg/kg complete feed. Considering that erythrosine contains 56.5% iodine, the safe level in feed of ornamental fish was recalculated taking into account the currently authorised maximum content of total iodine in complete feed and resulted to be 35 mg erythrosine/kg complete feed. The applicant submitted a new tolerance study in rainbow trout to demonstrate the safety of erythrosine for ornamental fish at doses higher than 59 mg/kg complete feed. The FEEDAP Panel noted that the study shows several limitations: (i) blood biochemistry was not measured, although required according to the guidance on the assessment of the safety of feed additives for the target species (ii) a low number of replicates (3 per treatment) which does not permit to obtain a reliable estimate and may not be sufficient to evidence differences between the groups (with no indication on the <i>a priori</i> power of the study design), and (iii) the use level group was not included in the study design. Owing to these three limitations, the FEEDAP Panel is not in the position to change its previous conclusions that the safe level of erythrosine in ornamental fish is 59 mg/kg complete feed. This safe level is reduced to 35 mg erythrosine/kg complete feed, when considering the iodine content of erythrosine and the currently authorised maximum content of total iodine in complete feed for fish.