gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Head-On Collision Between a DNA Replication Apparatus and RNA Polymerase Transcription Complex (1995)

An in vitro system reconstituted from purified proteins has been used to examine what happens when the DNA replication apparatus of bacteriophage T4 collides with an Escherichia coli RNA polymerase ternary transcription complex that is poised to move in the direction opposite to that of the moving replication fork. In the absence of a DNA helicase, the replication fork stalls for many minutes after its encounter with the RNA polymerase. However, when the T4 gene 41 DNA helicase is present, the replication fork passes the RNA polymerase after a pause of a few seconds. This brief pause is longer than the pause observed for a codirectional collision between the same two polymerases, suggesting that there is an inherent disadvantage to having replication and transcription directions oriented head to head. As for a codirectional collision, the RNA polymerase remains competent to resume faithful RNA chain elongation after the DNA replication fork passes; most strikingly, the RNA polymerase has switched from its original template strand to use the newly synthesized daughter DNA strand as the template.
Data from Chemotherapy-Induced Upregulation of Small Extracellular Vesicle-Associated PTX3 Accelerates Breast Cancer Metastasis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a standard component of breast cancer treatment, recent evidence suggests that chemotherapeutic drugs can promote metastasis through poorly defined mechanisms. Here we utilize xenograft mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer to explore the importance of chemotherapy-induced tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) in metastasis. Doxorubicin (DXR) enhanced tumor cell sEV secretion to accelerate pulmonary metastasis by priming the premetastatic niche. Proteomic analysis and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing identified the inflammatory glycoprotein PTX3 enriched in DXR-elicited sEV as a critical regulator of chemotherapy-induced metastasis. Both genetic inhibition of sEV secretion from primary tumors and pharmacologic inhibition of sEV uptake in secondary organs suppressed metastasis following chemotherapy. Taken together, this research uncovers a mechanism of chemotherapy-mediated metastasis by which drug-induced upregulation of sEV secretion and PTX3 protein cargo primes the premetastatic niche and suggests that inhibition of either sEV uptake in secondary organs or secretion from primary tumor cells may be promising therapeutic strategies to suppress metastasis.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;These findings show that chemotherapy-induced small extracellular vesicles accelerate breast cancer metastasis, and targeted inhibition of tumor-derived vesicles may be a promising therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
An EPR investigation of the dynamic Jahn-Teller effect in SrCl2:y(2 plus) and SrCl2:Sc(2 plus) (1972)

EPR spectra have been observed for SrCl2:Y(2+) and SrCl2:Sc(2+) at liquid helium temperatures. At 1.2 K the spectra were dominated by anisotropic hyperfine patterns whose lineshapes and angular dependences were explained using second order solutions of the effective Hamiltonian for an isolated 2Eg state split by large random internal strains. Pronounced asymmetries in some of the strin produced lineshapes for Srcl2:Sc(2+) are shown to result from second order terms in the solution of the effective Hamiltonian. Coexisting with the anisotropic hyperfine patterns are weak nearly isotropic hyperfine patterns with typical lineshapes. Variations in the apparent intensity of lines in these weak hyperfine patterns as functions of the applied magnetic field direction and temperature imply that these lines result from averaging by vibronic relaxation of a portion of the anisotropic pattern. The effective Hamiltonian parameters for SrCl2:La(2+), SrCl2:y(2+), and SrCl2:SC(2+) are analyzed in terms of crystal field theory modified to include a dynamic Jahn-Teller effect.
A Play for Actors (1985)

The last lines of Feste's song remind us that, for actors, work is play and play is work: their 'play' is done, but they 'strive' to please us every day. This fact would have been more obvious to the original spectators, since, before the first professional theatres were opened in 1576, it was only during holidays that plays were normally put on. Even in Shakespeare's time, this was still true of performances at Court and other special venues, like the Middle Temple.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of metergoline in healthy volunteers after single i.v. and oral administration. (1983)

Concentrations of unchanged metergoline and its main metabolite, 1-demethylmetergoline, were measured by HPLC and fluorescence detector in the plasma of 13 healthy male volunteers. The subjects received on various occasions the following single-dose metergoline treatments: 4 mg by i.v. infusion (n = 7), 8 mg orally as aqueous solution (n = 7) and 8 mg orally as two different formulations of film-coated tablets (Formulation A, n = 12; Formulation B, n = 12). The mean plasma t 1/2 of metergoline and of 1-demethylmetergoline were about 50 min and 100 min, respectively, independent of the route of administration. A considerable first-pass effect was evident from the data, with about 75% of metergoline being metabolized by the liver before reaching the systemic circulation. However, the availability of the drug in terms of 1-demethylmetergoline was similar for the i.v. and oral routes of administration indicating a complete absorption of the solution from the gastrointestinal tract. Very low plasma levels of another metabolite (12-hydroxymetergoline) were detected in some patients. The bioavailability of film-coated tablets in Formulation B was slightly better than for Formulation A with regard to both relative absorption (A vs B = 82%) and lower interpatient variation. Compared with oral solution, the absorption of Formulation B was slightly slower but practically complete.
Biological Matrices and Synthetic Meshes Used in Implant-based Breast Reconstruction – a Review of Products Available in Germany (2013)

While autologous breast reconstruction was considered the procedure of choice for immediate breast reconstruction, there has been a shift towards implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) in recent years. The proven safety of silicone breast implants and the development of biological matrices and synthetic meshes have contributed to the growing popularity of this approach. Although these different products are widely used, only limited clinical data are available with regard to breast surgery. The aim of this review was to give an overview of available biological matrices and synthetic meshes and discuss their use in clinical practice.
A SYNOPSIS OF TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR MONOTORING TRACE ELEMENTS IN HIGHWAY AND URBAN RUNOFF (2000)

Trace elements, which are regulated for aquatic life protection, are a primary concern in highway- and urban-runoff studies because stormwater runoff may transport these constituents from the land surface to receiving waters. Many of these trace elements are essential for biological activity and become detrimental only when geologic or anthropogenic sources exceed concentrations beyond ranges typical of the natural environment. The Federal Highway Administration and State Transportation Agencies are concerned about the potential effects of highway runoff on the watershed scale and for the management and protection of watersheds. Transportation agencies need information that is documented as valid, current, and scientifically defensible to support planning and management decisions. There are many technical issues of concern for monitoring trace elements; therefore, trace-element data commonly are considered suspect, and the responsibility to provide data-quality information to support the validity of reported results rests with the data-collection agency. Paved surfaces are fundamentally different physically, hydraulically, and chemically from the natural surfaces typical of most freshwater systems that have been the focus of many trace-element-monitoring studies. Existing scientific conceptions of the behavior of trace elements in the environment are based largely upon research on natural systems, rather than on systems typical of pavement runoff. Additionally, the logistics of stormwater sampling are difficult because of the great uncertainty in the occurrence and magnitude of storm events. Therefore, trace-element monitoring programs may be enhanced if monitoring and sampling programs are automated. Automation would standardize the process and provide a continuous record of the variations in flow and water-quality characteristics. Great care is required to collect and process samples in a manner that will minimize potential contamination or attenuation of trace elements and other sources of bias and variability in the sampling process. Trace elements have both natural and anthropogenic sources that may affect the sampling process, including the sample-collection and handling materials used in many trace-element monitoring studies. Trace elements also react with these materials within the timescales typical for collection, processing and analysis of runoff samples. To study the characteristics and potential effects of trace elements in highway and urban runoff, investigators typically sample one or more operationally defined matrixes including: whole water, dissolved (filtered water), suspended sediment, bottom sediment, biological tissue, and contaminant sources. The sampling and analysis of each of these sample matrixes can provide specific information about the occurrence and distribution of trace elements in runoff and receiving waters. There are, however, technical concerns specific to each matrix that must be understood and addressed through use of proper collection and processing protocols.
The continuity of effect of schizophrenia polygenic risk score and patterns of cannabis use on transdiagnostic symptom dimensions at first-episode psychosis: findings from the EU-GEI study (2021)

Diagnostic categories do not completely reflect the heterogeneous expression of psychosis. Using data from the EU-GEI study, we evaluated the impact of schizophrenia polygenic risk score (SZ-PRS) and patterns of cannabis use on the transdiagnostic expression of psychosis. We analysed first-episode psychosis patients (FEP) and controls, generating transdiagnostic dimensions of psychotic symptoms and experiences using item response bi-factor modelling. Linear regression was used to test the associations between these dimensions and SZ-PRS, as well as the combined effect of SZ-PRS and cannabis use on the dimensions of positive psychotic symptoms and experiences. We found associations between SZ-PRS and (1) both negative (B = 0.18; 95%CI 0.03-0.33) and positive (B = 0.19; 95%CI 0.03-0.35) symptom dimensions in 617 FEP patients, regardless of their categorical diagnosis; and (2) all the psychotic experience dimensions in 979 controls. We did not observe associations between SZ-PRS and the general and affective dimensions in FEP. Daily and current cannabis use were associated with the positive dimensions in FEP (B = 0.31; 95%CI 0.11-0.52) and in controls (B = 0.26; 95%CI 0.06-0.46), over and above SZ-PRS. We provide evidence that genetic liability to schizophrenia and cannabis use map onto transdiagnostic symptom dimensions, supporting the validity and utility of the dimensional representation of psychosis. In our sample, genetic liability to schizophrenia correlated with more severe psychosis presentation, and cannabis use conferred risk to positive symptomatology beyond the genetic risk. Our findings support the hypothesis that psychotic experiences in the general population have similar genetic substrates as clinical disorders.
Advanced Pulsewidth Modulated Inverter Techniques (1972)

Since its introduction in the mid 1960's the pulsewidth modulated (PWM) inverter has offered a number of significant advantages over other inverter types for low and medium frequency applications. The generation of an acceptable waveform at higher frequency, however, was limited by the characteristics of available power thyristors and modulator design. With the advent of the fast turn-off thyristor and advances in PWM modulator techniques, the PWM inverter now offers application advantages to 200 Hz. PWM design considerations are analyzed, with a discussion of second-generation PWM operation provided.
A Comparative Analysis of Honeypots on Different Cloud Platforms (2021)

In 2019, the majority of companies used at least one cloud computing service and it is expected that by the end of 2021, cloud data centres will process 94% of workloads. The financial and operational advantages of moving IT infrastructure to specialised cloud providers are clearly compelling. However, with such volumes of private and personal data being stored in cloud computing infrastructures, security concerns have risen. Motivated to monitor and analyze adversarial activities, we deploy multiple honeypots on the popular cloud providers, namely Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and Microsoft Azure, and operate them in multiple regions. Logs were collected over a period of three weeks in May 2020 and then comparatively analysed, evaluated and visualised. Our work revealed heterogeneous attackers' activity on each cloud provider, both when one considers the volume and origin of attacks, as well as the targeted services and vulnerabilities. Our results highlight the attempt of threat actors to abuse popular services, which were widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic for remote working, such as remote desktop sharing. Furthermore, the attacks seem to exit not only from countries that are commonly found to be the source of attacks, such as China, Russia and the United States, but also from uncommon ones such as Vietnam, India and Venezuela. Our results provide insights on the adversarial activity during our experiments, which can be used to inform the Situational Awareness operations of an organisation.
Do all task dependencies require coordination? the role of task properties in identifying critical coordination needs in software projects (2013)

Several methods exist to detect the coordination needs within software teams. Evidence exists that developers’ awareness about coordination needs improves work performance. Distinguishing with certainty between critical and trivial coordination needs and identifying and prioritizing which specific tasks a pair of developers should coordinate about remains an open problem. We investigate what work dependencies should be considered when establishing coordination needs within a development team. We use our conceptualization of work dependencies named Proximity and leverage machine learning techniques to analyze what additional task properties are indicative of coordination needs. In a case study of the Mylyn project, we were able to identify from all potential coordination requirements a subset of 17% that are most critical. We define critical coordination requirements as those that can cause the most disruption to task duration when left unmanaged. These results imply that coordination awareness tools could be enhanced to make developers aware of only the coordination needs that can bring about the highest performance benefit.
CP-Rays in Simplicial Cones (1987)

In classical mathematics, interest in the concept of regularity of a triangle, is mainly centered on the property that for every interior point of the triangle, its orthogonal projection on the line containing each side must lie in the relative interior of that side. We generalize the concept of regularity using this property, and extend this work to simplicial cones in R^n, and derive very efficient necessary and sufficient conditions for this property to hold in them. We show that these concepts have important ramifications in algorithmic studies of the linear complementarity problem. We relate our results to other well known properties of square matrices.
Synergism Between Purified Bacterial and Fungal Cellulases (1996)

A standardized comparative study measured glucose release and synergistic effects in the solubilization of microcrystalline cellulose by binary mixtures of 11 fungal and bacterial cellulases (eight endoglucanases and three exoglucanases). Evaluation of 16 endo/exo pairs revealed that bacterial/fungal hybrid pairs are very effective in solubilizing microcrystalline cellulose. Of nine bacterial/fungal hybrid pairs studied, six were ranked among the nine most synergistic combinations, and six bacterial/fungal pairs were also among the top nine pairs in terms of soluble-sugar release. One hybrid pair (Acidothermus cellulolyticus E1 and Trichoderma reesei CBH I) was ranked first in both synergism and sugar-release. In exo/exo synergism experiments, the performance of Thermomonospora fusca E3 confirmed its mode of action as "CBH II-like" (i.e., E3 is synergistic with T. reesei CBH I but not with T. reesei CBH II). Studies of endo/endo interactions suggested a possible means of categorizing endoglucanases in terms of substrate specificity.
Real-time output voltage control method of quasi-ZCS series resonant HF-linked DC-AC converter (1995)

This paper proposes a real-time control method of a series resonant high-frequency linked DC-AC converter employing quasi-zero current switching (quasi-ZCS) and a feedback control method for sinusoidal output voltage. An approximate analysis of the converter is performed, and then simplified equations and an equivalent circuit similar to the conventional PWM inverters/inverters are obtained. A real-time feedback control of the converter is realized using the equivalent circuit without detecting HF link current. The usefulness of the proposed control algorithm is confirmed by experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nutrients and neurotransmitters. (1980)

Recent research in nutrition has discovered a link between diet and the brain's ability to make and release several of its neurotransmitters, the communications link between groups of neurons. These neurotransmitters--serotonin, acetylcholine and probably the catecholamines--need amino acids, and therefore particular foods, for their production. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid not synthesized in the body, is the precursor to serotonin. When tryptophan has been administered to produce larger quantities of serotonin, it has reversed insomnia, suppressed myoclonus, successfully altered depression and helped suppress a few migraine headaches. Choline, the precursor to acetylcholine, also seems to be related to diet and when administered to produce increased quantities of acetylcholine has had some affect on the treatment of tradive dyskinesia and Huntington's disease. Further clinical studies are trying to determine possible treatment of mania and memory diseases. The relationship of tyrosine and the catecholamines is being investigated for treatment of blood pressure problems, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and plasma prolactin levels
The Enantioface-differentiating Hydrogenation of the C=O Double Bond with Asymmetrically Modified Raney Nickel. XXXVIII. The Hydrogenation of Methyl Ketones to Optically Active Secondary Alcohols (1984)

Abstract The enantioface-differentiating (asymmetric) hydrogenation of various methyl ketones (R–COCH3) was carried out over the Raney nickel catalyst modified with (R,R)-tartaric acid and sodium bromide. The presence of an appreciable amount of carboxylic acid in the reaction system was indispensable for a high optical yield. The highest optical yield (74%) was obtained in the hydrogenation of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone in the presence of pivalic acid.
Application of Epigenome‐Modifying Small Molecules in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2012)

Recent breakthroughs in generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using four defined factors have revealed the potential utility of stem cells in biological research and clinical applications. However, the low efficiency and slow kinetics of reprogramming related to producing these cells and underlying safety issues, such as viral integration and genetic and epigenetic abnormalities of iPSCs, hamper the further application of iPSCs in laboratory and clinical settings. Previous studies have suggested that reprogramming efficiency can be enhanced and that reprogramming kinetics can be accelerated by manipulating epigenetic status. Herein, we review recent studies on the application of epigenome-modifying small molecules in enhancing reprogramming and functionally replacing some reprogramming factors. We mainly focus on studies that have used small molecules to interfere with epigenome-modifying enzymes, such as DNA methyltransferase, histone acetyltransferase, and histone methyltransferase. The potential use of these small molecules in inducing iPSCs and new ways to identify small molecules of higher potency and fewer side effects are also discussed.
Acoustic stop bands of surface and bulk modes in two-dimensional phononic lattices consisting of aluminum and a polymer (1999)

Spatial and frequency distributions of forbidden bands of both surface and bulk acoustic waves are studied theoretically for two-dimensional (2D) periodic elastic structures consisting of aluminum and polymer. The surface is perpendicular to the 2D periodic arrays of circular cylinders embedded in a background material. The dispersion relations of the surface and bulk modes with wave vectors parallel to the surface are calculated for triangular lattices, and the stop band distributions are plotted in a form relevant to the comparison with ultrasound imaging experiments.
An Offline Online Strategy for IoT Using MQTT (2017)

Internet of Things is capturing attention of consumer and enterprise electronics market with rapid implementations in home automation, smart cities, etc. Several power efficient, low cost sensors have been made available to developers to build these applications. A common theme here is the mode of communication where the computationally intensive work is being done at server side and the sensor-actuator work in done at client side. This requires networking infrastructure to be robust which is not the case across the world. To reduce the risk of failure, we propose an offline online strategy for IoT applications where MQTT protocol is used for asynchronous communication. We implement a portable e-voting system on Intel Galileo to demonstrate the feasibility of such an extension without compromising on functionality.
Beyond Desktop Evaluation: Key Design Criteria for Mixing and Settling of Magnetite-Impregnated Mixed Liquor (2011)

Beyond Desktop Evaluation: Key Design Criteria for Mixing and Settling of Magnetite-Impregnated Mixed LiquorThe Mystic Water Pollution Control Facility (WPCF) in Stonington, Connecticut is in need of a process upgrade to meet future requirements for effluent total nitrogen. The plant layout does not allow for conventional expansion and requires implementation of a biological process option that provides a high level of treatment in a constrained site. A desktop evaluation of small-footprint alternatives...Author(s)Megan B. MoodyAndy BishopWilliam C. McConnellSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 34: Secondary Treatment ProcessesDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2011ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20110101)2011:15L.1788;1-DOI10.2175/193864711802713351Volume / Issue2011 / 15Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)1788 - 1800Copyright2011Word count133Subject keywordsBioMagmagnetitenitrogen removalballasted biological treatmentactivated sludge