gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexibility coefficients for bending of a disk under sinusoidal edgeloading. (1973)

method of equivalent cones, is used. Twenty and twenty-five degree cones are used to simulate the 5° and 10° angle of attack cases, respectively. Figure 3 shows the results of these calculations. All three theories and experimental data predict the same general trends; however, the experimental data lies lower than all theories. The experimental results show 50% and 95% increases in heat-transfer rates at angles of attack of 5° and 10°, respectively. The equivalent cone method results in only half that gain. The present method and the Reshotko model give results which predict 40% and 75% increases in heat-transfer rates for angles of attack of 5° and 10°. These trends follow more closely the experimental prediction. In addition, the present calculation gives absolute values of heat transfer which are in better agreement with the experimental results than the Reshotko method. In summary, the viscous shock layer technique developed here for three-dimensional flow in the windward plane of sharp cones at angle of attack gives results which agree well with other theories and experimental data. The method is easy to use and requires a minimum amount of computer time.
The effect of gaseous and liquid water layers on the estimation of the composition of materials in High Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy (HPSEM): A Monte Carlo Simulation (2022)

Monte Carlo method with “single scattering approximation” and “mixed element representation” is applied to estimate the effect of electron scattering, in gaseous and liquid water layer lying on the top of the specimen, on estimation of composition. This scheme of calculations is used to discuss two particular cases: (1) To see how a copper-carbon ‘step’ boundary would be resolved in the presence of a layer by imaging the emerging BSE distribution and (2) To obtain characteristic (Ca) x-ray emission profile of bone in the presence of a gas/liquid layer. The results show that although the resolution can remain sharp, the contribution of the emission comes from the region extending far beyond resolution.
Design of Planar Array Magnet for Magnetic Guide of a Capsule Endoscope (2021)

The purpose of this report is to design a magnetic guiding device for guiding capsule endoscopes. The goal is to obtain 17 mT at a distance of 100 mm from the guiding device. Furthermore, the device needs to be lightweight. Two magnetic guiding devices were proposed. The one with 4 magnets arranged was 1475 g, and the one with donut type was 1229 g. In both cases, a magnetic flux density of 17.1 mT was obtained at a distance of 100 mm. However, the magnitude of the magnetic gradient was different, and the magnetic force obtained was 5 mN for the 4 cylindrical magnets and 5.9 mN for the donut type.
Object Identification in Complex Scenes using Shape Context Descriptors and Multi-Stage Clustering (2007)

This paper introduces a novel technique for the automatic identification of real world objects in complex scenes. The identification problem requires the comparison of assemblies of image regions with a previously stored view of a known prototype. Shape context representation and matching are employed for recovering point correspondences between the image and the prototype object. This work is inspired from the problem that, a number of ambient conditions such as partial object occlusion and contour distortion, may affect the performance of the matching process and consequently the identification result. In our approach, subtractive clustering is applied in a novel fashion to enable the identification of regions of interest on the complex scene, based on a density metric. In order to increase the robustness of the identifier to mismatches and reduce the computational cost of the process, a selection of the initial suspicious regions is performed. The performance of the identifier has been examined in a great range of image and prototype selections.
Reversible and irreversible effects of chemical fixation on the NMR properties of single cells (2006)

The effects of chemical fixation are known to alter MR parameters, such as relaxation times and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water. It is often assumed that such changes are reversible after samples have been reimmersed in a buffer solution for a sufficient period of time. In this study we characterize the changes associated with fixation of single Xenopus laevis oocytes and their subsequent reimmersion in buffer. Substantial reductions in both T(1) and T(2) values were measured for all compartments of the cell after fixation, with the cytoplasm showing larger changes than the nucleus. After reimmersion in buffer, there were small but statistically significant differences in MR parameters between fresh and reimmersed cells. Experiments with a gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent showed evidence of irreversible changes in the permeability of cellular membranes to small molecules.
2′,3′ -Dideoxy-3′ -C-(phosphonomethyl)adenosine, the Phosphonate Analogue of 2′-Deoxyadenosine 3′-Phosphate (1983)

The title compound 7 is prepared in a five-step synthesis starting from 1,2-di-O-acetyl-5-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy-3-O-(diethoxyphosphonomethyl)-β-D-ribofuranose (2). The preferred conformation of 7 is derived from its 1 H and 13 C NMR data
Towards shared attention through geometric reasoning for Human Robot Interaction (2009)

Human robot interaction brings new challenges to the geometric reasoning and space sharing. The robot should not only reason on its own capacities but also consider the actual situation by looking from human's eyes, thus ¿putting itself to human's perspective¿. In humans, the ¿visual perspective taking¿ ability begins to appear by 24 months of age and is used to determine if another person can see an object or not. In this paper, we present a geometric reasoning mechanism that employs psychological concepts of ¿perspective taking¿ and ¿mental rotation¿ in order to reason what the human sees, what the robot sees and where the robot should focus to share human's attention. This geometric reasoning mechanism is demonstrated with HRP-2 humanoid robot in a human-robot face-to-face interaction context.
Superconductivity at 38 K in the Iron Arsenide(Ba1−xKx)Fe2As2 (2008)

The ternary iron arsenide BaFe2As2 becomes superconducting by hole doping, which was achieved by partial substitution of the barium site with potassium. We have discovered bulk superconductivity at T{c}=38 K in (Ba1-xKx)Fe2As2 with x approximately 0.4. The parent compound BaFe2As2 crystallizes in the tetragonal ThCr2Si2-type structure, which consists of (FeAs);{delta-} iron arsenide layers separated by Ba2+ ions. BaFe2As2 is a poor metal and exhibits a spin density wave anomaly at 140 K. By substituting Ba2+ for K+ ions we have introduced holes in the (FeAs);{-} layers, which suppress the anomaly and induce superconductivity. The T{c} of 38 K in (Ba0.6K0.4)Fe2As2 is the highest in hole doped iron arsenide superconductors so far. Therefore, we were able to expand this class of superconductors by oxygen-free compounds with the ThCr2Si2-type structure.
A survey on real time bidding advertising (2014)

Real-time bidding (RTB) is an emerging and promising business model for online computational advertising in the age of big data. Based on analysis of massive amounts of Cookie data generated by Internet users, RTB advertising has the potential of identifying in real-time the characteristic and interest of the target audience in each ad impression, automatically delivering best-matched ads, and optimizing their prices via auction-based programmatic buying scheme. RTB has significantly changed online advertising, evolving from the traditional pattern of “media buying” and “ad-slot buying” to “target-audience buying”, and is expected to be the standard business model for online advertising in the future. In this paper, we discussed the current market practice of RTB advertising, presented the key roles and typical business processes in RTB markets, and summarized the current research progresses in the existing literature. The aim of this paper is to provide useful reference and guidance for future works.
Remote Sensing for Assessing Rhizoctonia Crown and Root Rot Severity in Sugar Beet (2011)

Rhizoctonia crown and root rot (RCRR), caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2, is an increasingly important disease of sugar beet in Minnesota and North Dakota. Disease ratings are based on subjective, visual estimates of root rot severity (0-to-7 scale, where 0 = healthy and 7 = 100% rotted, foliage dead). Remote sensing was evaluated as an alternative method to assess RCRR. Field plots of sugar beet were inoculated with R. solani AG 2-2 IIIB at different inoculum densities at the 10-leaf stage in 2008 and 2009. Data were collected for (i) hyperspectral reflectance from the sugar beet canopy and (ii) visual ratings of RCRR in 2008 at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after inoculation (WAI) and in 2009 at 2, 3, 5, and 9 WAI. Green, red, and near-infrared reflectance and several calculated narrowband and wideband vegetation indices (VIs) were correlated with visual RCRR ratings, and all resulted in strong nonlinear regressions. Values of VIs were constant until at least 26 to 50% of the root surface was rotted (RCRR = 4, wilting of foliage starting to develop) and then decreased significantly as RCRR ratings increased and plants began dying. RCRR also was detected using airborne, color-infrared imagery at 0.25- and 1-m resolution. Remote sensing can detect RCRR but not before initial appearance of foliar symptoms.
HIGH‐INVOLVEMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, TRADE UNION REPRESENTATION AND WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE IN BRITAIN (2005)

Abstract Debates about Britain's productivity performance have often drawn attention to the roles played by working practices and employment relations. In the 1980s and 1990s, trade unions were a prime focus; more recently, attention has turned to high‐involvement management (HIM) practices (also referred to as ‘high‐performance work systems’). We combine the two to investigate the relationships between work organisation, trade union representation and workplace performance. We find that HIM has a positive impact on labour productivity. However, this effect is restricted to unionised workplaces, and seems more readily explained by concessionary wage bargaining than ‘mutual gains’, given the absence of any association with financial performance. These findings raise questions about the universal applicability of HIM as a route to improved workplace performance.
Optimal allocation and sizing of Distributed Generation in distribution networks using Genetic Algorithms (2011)

This paper addresses the optimization problem of integration of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution networks. Three Genetic Algorithms (GAs) have been developed to minimize the power losses of the system. The First GA enables the optimal sizing of the DG units given their locations. Alternatively, the second GA determines the optimal locations of the DG units assuming equal sizes of the units. The third GA enables the determination of both optimal sizes, on discrete values, and optimal locations. The results prove the effectiveness of the developed genetic algorithms in finding the optimal penetration level and optimal locations and sizes of the DG units to yield minimum losses of the system.
Simple and Rapid Laboratory Method for Rewetting Dry Soil for Incubations (2010)

Soil microbial activity is greatly affected by soil water content. Determining the appropriate moisture content to rewet soils that have been dried in preparation for laboratory incubations to determine microbial activity can be laborious and time-consuming. The most common methods used achieve sufficient moisture content for peak microbial respiration are gravimetric water content, soil matric potential, or percentage of water-filled pore space (WFPS). Alternatively, a fast, simple, and accurate way to ensure that a given soil receives the appropriate amount of water for peak soil microbial respiration is to rely on natural capillary action for rewetting the dry soil. The capillary method is related to the gravimetric method for water uptake and has a strong correlation with WFPS. A microbial respiration test was conducted to compare rewetting methods. The 24-h carbon dioxide (CO2) / carbon (C) results were very similar and strongly correlated using the gravimetric method and the capillary method for rewetting dried soil.
CFD Modeling of Flow and Heat Transfer Inside a Liquid-Cooled Exhaust Manifold (2003)

Liquid cooled exhaust manifolds are used in turbo charged diesel and gas engines in the marine and various industrial applications. Performance of the manifold has a significant impact on the engine efficiency. Modifying manifold design and changing operational parameters are ways to improve its performance. With the rapid advance of computer technology and numerical methods, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become a powerful tool that can provide useful information for manifold optimization. In this study, commercial CFD software (FLUENT®) was used to analyze liquid cooled exhaust manifolds. Detailed information of flow property distribution and heat transfer were obtained in order to provide a fundamental understanding of the manifold operation. Experimental data was compared with the CFD results to validate the numerical simulation. Computations were performed to investigate the parametric effects of operating conditions (engine rotational speed, coolant flow rate, coolant inlet temperature, exhaust gas inlet temperature, surface roughness of the manifold’s material) on the performance of the manifold. Results were consistent with the experimental observations. Suggestions were made to improve the manifold design and performance.
Phonetic transcription standards for european names (ONOMASTICA) (1993)

exchanging national names amongst the partners to create a matrix of 'nativised' pronunciations for each (thereby) foreign name in each other language.This paper details the standards identified for phonetic transcription of names as part of the ONOMASTICA project, a European-wide research initiative for the construction of a multi-language pronunciation lexicon of proper names.The main design criteria adopted by the consortium for the development of this multi-language pronunciation dictionary are discussed, including aspects such as phonetic transcription standards, definitions of quality, quality control mechanisms and language specific details concerning phonetic transcription and the annotation of the language of origin. OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED IMPACTThe non-availability of large pronunciation dictionaries of names continues to impede the development of many applications in speech technology.In particular, the acceptability of applications where speech output systems provide spoken feedback depends heavily on the capability of producing correct, or at least acceptable, pronunciations for names of various categories.Keywords: Multi-language dictionary of proper names; phonetic transcription standards; quality control.The objective of the project is to make available, for widescale exploitation, quality controlled pronunciation lexicons in machine readable form (CD-ROM) for use in automatic language systems and of primary interest to international European companies in the telecommunications sector and in the European dictionary publishing industry.In particular, the multi-lingual dictionaries produced on this project will benefit products in the following sectors:
Coherent and incoherent tunneling in asymmetric double-well potentials (2006)

The determination of the time scale for coherent and incoherent tunneling in asymmetric double-well potentials is reconsidered according to the instanton-bounce method. In particular, by making use of Feynman's transition elements, a different, relatively simpler approach to this problem, with respect to conventional quantum-mechanical treatments, is obtained.
Packaging technologies for mobile platforms (2006)

As electronic devices do more in less space, the technologies that enable them are challenged to do the same. Semiconductor packaging is no exception. As manufacturers attempt to integrate more functionality into slimmer, smaller form factors, advanced packaging, along with SOC integration, is used to reduce the size, cost and power consumption of the integrated circuits inside those mobile devices. New technologies such as multi-die SiP (system-in-package), stacked packages or PoP (package-on-package), packages integrating other packages or PiP (package-in-package), packages that integrate passives with silicon die or LTCC (low temperature co-fired ceramic) and finally redistributive chip packaging (RCP), all promise to improve performance and reduce package sizes. These innovations in IC packaging technology will enable manufacturers of converged products such as smart phones and multimedia players, to create the small, sleek multifunction devices to meet their market demands. However, each of these packaging technologies has trade-offs and benefits that should be carefully evaluated prior to final selection a device packaging solution.
Characterizing range progression of SAR point scatterers with recursive RANSAC (2014)

GPS-denied navigation is an active area of research due to poor GPS coverage in urban canyons and possible jamming or spoofing from other sources. By utilizing exteroceptive sensors, such as cameras and more recently radar, landmarks within the environment can be identified and tracked to provide velocity and rate estimates to reduce the effects from integrated errors from IMU sensor drift. While techniques exist to identify landmarks in a single sensor scan, tracking these landmarks from frame to frame in the presence of measurement noise and spurious detections results in an NP-hard data association problem. With regards to synthetic aperture radar, previous methods employed to solve this data association are the Hough transform and the nearest neighbor algorithms. Unfortunately, the Hough transform is computationally expensive, and the nearest neighbor algorithm can diverge in high clutter. In this work, we apply the recursive-RANSAC multiple target tracking algorithm and efficiently track multiple unknown point scatterers in high clutter using sequential measurements of both synthetic and real radar returns.
Privacy by Design (2011)

This chapter traces the origins of the Privacy by Design (PbD) concept and leadership by the Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner (IPC) of Ontario, Canada, from the mid-1990s to the current day (2011), with specific attention to three major themes: The evolution of PbD from its early emphasis on information technologies, which also apply to organizational practices and processes, and to broader information eco-systems and architectures; The evolution of the need to articulate and promote a set of universal principles to help guide the design of privacy, from Fair Information Practices to PbD’s 7 Foundational Principles; An account of the evolving work of the IPC in support of the new or “enhanced” FIPs that were codified in the PbD Foundational Principles. The chapter will outline recognition for PbD received, and the challenges ahead.
Comparison of Response to Definitive Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer in Black and White Men (2021)

The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that Black men enrolled in randomized clinical trials present with more aggressive disease but have better BCR, DM, and PCSM with definitive RT compared with White men, suggesting that other determinants of outcome, such as access to care, are important factors of achieving racial equity.
CD11c gene expression in hairy cell leukemia is dependent upon activation of the proto-oncogenes ras andjunD (2003)

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disease, the cause of which is unknown. Diagnostic of HCL is abnormal expression of the gene that encodes the beta2 integrin CD11c. In order to determine the cause of CD11c gene expression in HCL the CD11c gene promoter was characterized. Transfection of the CD11c promoter linked to a luciferase reporter gene indicated that it is sufficient to direct expression in hairy cells. Mutation analysis demonstrated that of predominant importance to the activity of the CD11c promoter is its interaction with the activator protein-1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors. Comparison of nuclear extracts prepared from hairy cells with those prepared from other cell types indicated that hairy cells exhibit abnormal constitutive expression of an AP-1 complex containing JunD. Functional inhibition of AP-1 expressed by hairy cells reduced CD11c promoter activity by 80%. Inhibition of Ras, which represents an upstream activator of AP-1, also significantly inhibited the CD11c promoter. Furthermore, in the hairy cell line EH, inhibition of Ras signaling through mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinases 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) reduced not only CD11c promoter activity but also reduced both CD11c surface expression and proliferation. Expression in nonhairy cells of a dominant-positive Ras mutant activated the CD11c promoter to levels equivalent to those in hairy cells. Together, these data indicate that the abnormal expression of the CD11c gene characteristic of HCL is dependent upon activation of the proto-oncogenes ras and junD.
IN VITRO CULTURE OF SOMATIC WHEAT CALLUS TISSUE (1968)

Sterile culture of excised wheat tissue, Triticum vulgare Vill., was attempted on 20 different media. Most tissue explants did not grow. Endosperm tissue did not grow on any of the media. Callus tissue from intercalary meristems grew for several weeks but gradually became necrotic. Callus tissue derived from the cotyledonary node grew well and produced branching and enlarging root systems when placed on different media. Shoot primordia were not observed. Callus tissue derived from 13 varieties of wheat was cultured. These unique somatic tissues are interesting experimental materials for a study of the developmental biology of wheat.
Audio beacon providing location-aware content for low-end mobile devices (2012)

Location Based Services can generate variety of new commercial applications and create new streams of revenue. However, there is currently no simple indoor positioning method for low-end devices which have no Wi-Fi or GPS capability. This paper presents a novel and simple audio-based localization system to provide location-aware content for low-end mobile devices, i.e., a location solution that uses acoustic waves to determine the position of the users and/or the content associated to it. In this solution, Audio Beacons send tones which are read by mobile devices for localization. These tones are generated in a barely audible frequency range, that can be hardly perceived by humans. The tones of the Audio Beacons are associated with an identification code that is linked to a location specific content. The solution requires no special hardware at the mobile device side, and a simple localization infrastructure, which can be deployed with low cost loudspeakers. Real experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, and show that the codes can be identified with distances as large as 20 m from the Audio Beacon.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. MIT PHOSPHINALKYLENEN 25. MITT. SYNTH. VON ALPHA,BETA‐UNGESAETTIGTEN CARBONSAEUREN (1970)

Abstract Durch Reaktion der Phosphinalkylene (I) mit den Halogencarbonsäureestern (II) entstehen über die intermediären Phosphoniumsalze (III) neben Triphenylphosphin (IV) und den Phosphoniumsalzen (V) die ungesättigten Carbonsäureester (VI) (Ausbeute 50‐80%), deren Struktur entweder durch Verseifung zu den entsprechenden Säuren oder durch Spaltung mit Os‐tetroxid/ Perjodat in die entsprechenden Carbonylverbindungen (Identifizierung als Dinitrophenylhydrazone) bestimmt wird.