gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[In vitro demonstration of a true post-beta-lactamases inhibitor effect (PLIE) of clavulanic acid on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae]. (1999)

In vivo, serum concentrations of beta-lactamase inhibitors measured during the last part of the dosing interval are below the levels associated with in vitro activity. Nevertheless, beta-lactam plus beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations remain active in vivo throughout the dosing interval. One of the many reasons for this contradiction may be the PLIE. The PLIE can be evaluated only in the light of the postantibiotic effect (PAE). Also, accurate determination of the PLIE requires a careful investigation of all bacterial regrowth delays (BRDs) inherent to the technical procedures used. The purpose of the study reported herein was to determine the true in vitro PLIE of clavulanic acid (CA) against two beta-lactamase-producing strains, a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (amoxicillin [AMX] MIC > 256 mg/L; CA MIC = 64 mg/L; and AMX + CA MIX = 4 mg/L) and a Haemophilus influenzae strain (AMX MIC = 32 mg/L; CA > 32 mg/L; AMX-CA = 1 mg/L). For each strain, a stationary phase inoculum of 10(7) was preexposed for 2 h to either CA alone or CA + AMX in various concentrations. Dilution to 10(-2) or 10(-3) was performed to eliminate the CA and/or AMX after the preexposition phase. Hourly bacterial counts were done between 0 and 8 h and after 24 h. Control cultures exposed to AMX after dilution showed a growth delay possibly ascribable to the time needed for bacteria to produce a large enough amount of beta-lactamases. Control experiments were done to unequivocally differentiate PLIE from PAE and BRD. The true PLIE values thus obtained ranged from 0 to 4.5 h for K. pneumoniae and from 0 to 15 h for H. influenzae. For both strains, a PLIE was demonstrated after exposure to CA alone.
Role of a UV Absorber as a Matrix for Analysis of Polystyrene Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (2012)

E-mail: sschoi@sejong.ac.krReceived May 15, 2012, Accepted June 13, 2012Key Words : MALDI-MS, Polystyrene, Matrix, UV absorberMatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) hasbeen widely used as a soft ionization technique and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry(MALDI-MS) has been used to characterize polymericmaterials.
Preparation and moisture management performance of double guide bar warp-knitted fabric based on special covering structure (2021)

This article provides a knitting method for warp-knitted fabrics with good moisture management performance. By adjusting of the warp knitting machine (mainly the bar), the design of lay-up method of the yarn, the selection of the yarn, and the warp let-off tension, the yarn covering relationship has been adjusted. By using two kinds of fineness polyester DTY, cotton yarn and spandex, designing two kinds of warp-knitting structures, six different warp-knitted fabrics have been knitted. The moisture management performance of these knitted samples was compared and evaluated. The study found that the greater the difference between the inner yarn and the outer yarn, the better the moisture management ability of the fabric. Polyester DTY with 50D/14F on the inner side and polyester DTY with 75D/288F on the outer side have the best moisture management performance. The polyester DTY with 50D/14F on the inside and 9.83Tex cotton yarn on the outside have higher wetting time and absorption rate.
Modified Three-Square-Flap for Moderate to Minor Syndactyly (2006)

Purpose: The main goals of correcting syndactyly of the hand are to form normal web appearance and to prevent motor dysfunction. We modified the original three-square-flap to improve interdigital web space and to reduce the wound healing problem due to tension.Methods: From July 2005 to February 2006, three cases of moderate to minor syndactyly were treated using modified three-square-flap. These flaps were made in such as way that the A flap from dorsal side, the B flap from the interdigital surface, and the C flap from the volar side. We modified the design of dorsal A flap as a hourglass shape instead of square shape to make normal hourglass shaped interdigital web and to reduce the tension of closure with other two flaps(B and C flap). The B and C flap were made as square shape. Results: During 4 to 10 months follow-up period, acceptable esthetic results were obtained without any specific complication, using our modification of the three-square-flap.Conclusion: Our method showed more satisfactory web appearance and was safe to use even in the cases of syndactyly secondary to burns and post- traumatic scars because of excellent blood circulation.
Membrane cation and anion transport activities in erythrocytes of hereditary spherocytosis: Effects of different membrane protein defects (1997)

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is due to different membrane protein defects (i.e., deficiency of spectrin and ankyrin, band 3, or band 4.2). In order to gain new insight into the relationships between band 3 function and proteins associated with the cytoskeleton, we studied erythrocyte anion transport activity in HS characterized by different membrane protein defects. Anion transport activity was increased in HS due to partial band 4.2 deficiency or to band 4.2 absence, while in HS associated with deficiency of spectrin + ankyrin or band 3, the anion transport results were normal or decreased, respectively. Moreover, since HS erythrocytes are characterized by an increased Na and a decreased K, we studied the principal membrane cation transport pathways. Activity of the Na/K pump was increased in all HS studied, while no changes in Na/K/2Cl cotransport and Na/Li exchange were evident between control and HS as well as between forms of HS associated with different membrane protein defects. K/Cl cotransport activity was decreased in all HS studied compared to normal red cells. In all HS, passive membrane permeability to Na and K was increased compared to normal erythrocytes. The increased Na and the low K content can be attributed to the abnormal membrane permeability to cations, which is not related to a specific membrane protein defect. Am. J. Hematol. 55:121–128, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of particle‐phase turbulence in gas‐solid flows (1997)

Abstract Numerous experimental investigations on the vertical transport of dense gas–solid suspensions indicate that particles tend to segregate toward the tube wall. Although models based on the kinetic theory analogy can predict such patterns for perfectly elastic particle‐particle collisions, the predictive ability of these models breaks down for inelastic collisions. In the present effort, a mathematical model is developed that incorporates two mechanisms that give rise to the lateral segregation of solids: interactions associated with individual particles based on a kinetic theory treatment and interactions associated with collections of particles based on an analogy with single‐phase turbulent flows. Although these two mechanisms have been treated independently by previous workers, their combined contributions to the overall flow behavior have not been thoroughly investigated. The effect of such a treatment on the sensitivity of the model predictions to the inelasticity of particle–particle collisions is explored. A key element in eliminating the undue sensitivity appears to be a consideration of the effects associated with the collective motion of particles on the kinetic theory expressions. The resulting model can predict the expected segregation patterns for systems characterized by inelastic collisions, as well as many of the other salient features of vertical gas–solid flows.
Misalignment sensitivity of beam combining by stimulated Brillouin scattering (1990)

Stimulated Brillouin scattering beam combining is shown to be extremely sensitive to optical misalignments. For the coupling of two overlapping beams, the angular misalignment bandwidth is of the order of 1 mrad, which corresponds to a separation of +/-0.64 beam spot diameter. This occurs for beam displacements normal to the plane defined by the beams' propagation paths.
Tool Support for Designing, Managing and Optimizing Multi-Device User Interfaces (2011)

People often access the same information on a variety of devices such as laptops, mobile phones and tablet PCs. On every device, this information is accessed through a user interface that is speci cally designed for this device. Currently, designers have to create these multi-device user interfaces manually, which is time consuming and implies switching across a lot of di erent, often mutually exclusive, design tools. Furthermore, designers need to repeat a lot of design steps in order to keep these designs consistent. The research presented in this dissertation explores how design tools can be improved in order to better support the design of realistic multi-device high- delity prototypes. As a rst contribution, we propose Gummy, a graphical design environment for creating multi-device user interfaces. This design environment allows designers to target multiple devices in one environment without raising the threshold to design user interfaces. The second contribution concerns techniques for managing multiple devicespeci c user interfaces. These techniques automate several parts of the design process in order to reduce the amount of repetitive design actions designers have to perform. The proposed techniques allow designers to copy widgets from one device-speci c user interface to another and to edit these copies in concert. We also present a design tool macro system, which facilitates designers to record design actions in one design and to reply them afterwards in the same or another design. When creating multi-device user interfaces, it is important that every device-speci c user interface takes into account target device constraints such as screen size, CPU speed or touch screen sensitivity. To ensure this, we propose tools for iteratively optimizing user interfaces until they meet the constraints of the target device. These iterative optimization tools allow designers to switch rapidly between designing and testing in order to verify whether their design decisions work like intended on the target device and to update their designs if necessary.
Time Series Motion Generation Considering Long Short-Term Motion (2019)

Various adaptive abilities are required for robots interacting with humans in daily life. It is difficult to design adaptive algorithms manually; however, by using end-to-end machine learning, labor can be saved during the design process. In our previous research, a task requiring force adjustment was achieved through imitation learning that considered position and force information using a four-channel bilateral control. Unfortunately, tasks that include long-term (slow) motion are still challenging. Furthermore, during system identification, there is a method known as the multi-decimation (MD) identification method. It separates lower and higher frequencies, and then identifies the parameters characterized at each frequency. Therefore, we proposed utilizing machine learning to take advantage of the MD method to infer short-term and long-term (high and low frequency, respectively) motion. In this paper, long-term motion tasks such as writing a letter using a pen fixed on a robot are discussed. We found differences in suitable sampling periods between position and force information. The validity of the proposed method was then experimentally verified, showing the importance of long-term inference with adequate sampling periods.
Synthesis of novel N‐substitutedphenyl‐6‐oxo‐3‐phenylpyridazine derivatives as cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors (2020)

Some novel non-ulcerogenic N-substitutedphenyl-6-oxo-3-phenylpyridazines as COX-2 inhibitors have been developed (Supplementary material Appendix 1). The novel aldehyde 3 was prepared by reacting 6-phenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one with 4-fluorobenzaldehyde. The aldehyde 3 was reacted with different hydrazines and thiazolidin-4-ones to obtain the novel N-substitutedphenyl-6-oxo-3-phenylpyridazine derivatives. These were assessed for their anti-inflammatory potential and gastric ulcerogenic effects. The molecular docking investigations were also undertaken. The spectroscopic data were coherent with the allocated structures of the compounds. The compounds 4a (IC<sub>50</sub> = 17.45 nm; p < .05), 4b (IC<sub>50</sub> = 17.40 nm; p < .05), 5a (IC<sub>50</sub> = 16.76 nm; p < .05), and 10 (IC<sub>50</sub> = 17.15 nm; p < .05) displayed better COX-2 inhibitory activity than celecoxib (IC<sub>50</sub> = 17.79 nm; p < .05). These findings were consistent with the molecular docking investigations of 4a, 4b, 5a, and 10. The in vivo anti-inflammatory profile of 4a, 4b, 5a, and 10 was also superior to celecoxib and indomethacin. The compounds 4b, 5a, and 10 revealed no gastric ulcerogenic effects, wherein the compound 4a produced almost negligible gastric ulcerogenic effects than celecoxib and indomethacin. The compounds 4a, 4b, 5a, and 10 have been postulated as promising non-ulcerogenic COX-2 inhibitors.
Clinical Outcome in Relation to Timing of Surgery in Chronic Pancreatitis (2012)

The timing of surgery is an important risk factor for clinical outcome in CP. Surgery may need to be considered at an earlier phase than it is now, preferably within 3 years of symptomatic CP. Likelihood of postoperative pain relief can be calculated on an individual basis using the presented nomogram.
A Hybrid GPU-CPU Renderer (2005)

In this paper we present a hybrid rendering approach that generates fast real time images of a scene by the GPU and then progressively improves quality by selective ray tracing. The GPU solution is used to guide the ray tracing towards error prone areas. We describe the interplay between these two passes for the generation of high quality hard and soft shadows, anti-aliasing, and reflections and refractions. We present a first implementation and discuss its results.
Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Therapy Reduces Antibiotic Use for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in a United States Medical Center: Results of a Clinical Trial (2018)

A PCT-guided algorithm safely reduced the duration of antibiotics for treating LRTI. Utilization of a PCT algorithm may aid antibiotic stewardship efforts.This clinical trial was a single-center, controlled, pre-post study of PCT-guided antibiotic therapy for LRTI. The intervention (incorporation of PCT-guided algorithms) started on April 1, 2017: the preintervention (control group) comprised patients admitted from November 1, 2016 to April 16, 2017, and the postintervention group comprised patients admitted from April 17, 2017 to November 29, 2017 (Supplementary Figure 1). The study comprised patients admitted to the internal medicine services to a medical ward, the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU), the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU), or the Progressive Care Unit (PCU) "step down unit". The registration data for the trails are in the ClinicalTrials.gov database, number NCT0310910.
Performance Analysis of a Membrane-based Ionic Liquid Desiccant (ILD) Dehumidifier (2020)

Air dehumidification through cooling is an energy-intensive process, which consumes about 20-40% of the overall energy for air-conditioning. Liquid desiccant dehumidification can separate dehumidification from space cooling and has potential to improve the cooling efficiency and reduce the overall energy consumption for airconditioning. However, the drawbacks such as liquid carryover and corrosion, membrane contamination and blocking, limit its application. To eliminate these problems, a new dehumidifier using nonporous membrane and ionic liquid desiccant (ILD) was developed. The dehumidification performance of the new dehumidifier was characterized through a series of lab tests. Test results indicate that the new dehumidifier can achieve a moisture removal rate up to 180.3 g/h and a dehumidification effectiveness up to 12.7%. A parametric study found that the dehumidification performance is sensitive to the flowrates of the air and the ILD solution. A higher mass flow ratio between the ILD solution and the air could result in better dehumidification performance.
Can Cybernetics and Fractional Calculus Be Partners?: Searching for New Ways to Solve Complex Problems (2018)

Cybernetics addresses complex problems in space and time, but, surprisingly, it does not often employ fractional calculus. Here, we trace the history of cybernetics and fractional calculus to resolve this apparent paradox. Although the term cybernetics was first used in 1834 by the French physicist and mathematician André-Marie Ampère [2] to describe the science of government, its modern definition-control and communication in animals and machines-is traced to Norbert Wiener [3] (Figure 1). Since then, others have coined the words cyberspace and cyborg, and cybernetics is playing an increasing role in the study of human-machine systems and the analysis of the Internet of Things. Often defined as noninteger order integration and differentiation, the idea of fractional calculus first appeared in 1695 in a letter from Guillaume de L'Hôpital to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, but more recent interest can be traced to the work of Keith B. Oldham and Jerome Spanier [4] (Figure 2). Today, the techniques of fractional calculus are widely applied in many fields of science and engineering.
Wireless MIMO communications — waves, scattering, and system design (2006)

A wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications transceiver is a promising candidate for next generation wireless systems. It can enhance the capacity and reliability of the communication link. MIMO is enabled by the presence of multiple transmitting antennas and multiple receiving antennas in the communication link. The benefits of MIMO communication are obtained through a combination of antenna arrays, signal processing, and coding algorithms, which adapt the link to the changing channel. In this critical review paper, a propagation-oriented viewpoint is adopted to discuss wireless MIMO. We give an overview of current research areas and discuss some open problems.
Fuel Flexible Anode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: An Electrochemical and Catalytic Study (2011)

A composite Ni-modified La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3 / Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 electrocatalyst was investigated for the autothermal reforming (ATR) of methanol, ethanol, glycerol and propane. The catalyst was also investigated as anode for the direct utilization of such dry fuels in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and the performance results achieved for the direct utilization of such fuels appear promising for SOFC application in remote and micro-distributed energy generation as well as for portable power sources.
A RUGGED-DUTY MAN-CAPACITY MASTER-SLAVE MANIPULATOR (1962)

A ruggedized version of the well-known model-8 is described. Consideration of performance characteristics casts doubt on the validity of over simplified numerical load ratings, emphasizing instead, classification by functional task description, responsiveness, and effectiveness of operator-to- load coupling. Improved capacity and reliability is achieved by use of stronger materials, reduction of critical contact stresses, introduction of gearing to speed up coupling tapes, and development of a unique gripping concept. Man- capacity characterizes the effective utilization of a human operator's maximum exertion. (auth)
US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Robotics Collaborative Technology Alliance 2014 Capstone Experiment (2016)

Abstract : This report highlights the capabilities demonstrated during the US Army Research Laboratory Robotics Collaborative Technology Alliance Capstone Experiment that took place during October 2014. The report succinctly presents the activities of the event and provides references for further reading on the specifics of those activities. Four capabilities were evaluated as part of distinct Integrated Research Assessments (IRA): Human Robot Interaction Modalities, Semantic Navigation and Perception, Search and Observation of Doorways, and Search and Grasping of Objects in an Indoor Environment. Five task-based assessments (TBAs) using various platforms were also conducted during this timeframe, which consisted of the following capabilities: Bracing to Reach and Grasp an Object, Detection and Climbing of Stairs, Leaping over a Span, Dynamically Feasible Motion Planning, and Terrain Aware Motion Planning. The results from the IRA and TBA events characterized performance and highlighted areas that call for continued and focused efforts in order to enable advancements in intelligence-based capabilities sufficient for the teaming of autonomous systems with Soldiers.
Inhibition of the platelet-dependent fibrin retraction by the fibrin stabilizing factor (FSF, factor 13). (1973)

Abstract Fibrin stabilizing factor (FSF) was purified from human plasma and its specific activity was measured by the method of Loewy. Fibrin retraction was studied in a system composed of a suspension of washed rabbit or human platelets, FSF-poor fibrinogen, and thrombin. FSF added to this system inhibited the rate of fibrin retraction. This was reversed by glycine ethyl ester and glycine amide, inhibitors of FSF. The intact platelets exhibited very low FSF activity, while the intracellular FSF was not released following thrombin treatment. The inhibition of fibrin retraction might be due either to the impairment of platelet function, or to the modification of fibrin structure, therefore, the effect of FSF on platelet aggregation and on platelet release reaction was studied. At a low concentration of thrombin (0.1 U. per milliliter) FSF inhibited these reactions. At a concentration of thrombin 2 U. per milliliter or higher, FSF inhibited fibrin retraction, but it did not influence platelet aggregation and release. It has been suggested that the fibrin modified by FSF-crosslinking is more resistant to retraction brought about by platelets.
Robust adaptive beamformers: A beampattern shaping approach (2008)

Adaptive beamformers can degrade drastically in practice because they are highly sensitive to mismatches between the exploited assumptions and the actual characteristics of the sensor array, environment and sources. At low snapshots, the sidelobes can get very high due to errors in the array covariance matrix. This degrades the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR). Recently, a robust adaptive beamformer based on worst-case optimization (RAB-WC), has reformulated beamforming as a second-order cone programming (SOCP) problem. It exhibits adaptive interference-rejection capability and robustness against large steering direction errors. However, the sidelobes in RAB-WC are indirectly controlled by a regularization factor and it is not clear how the factor value should be selected. In this paper, we propose a new framework based on the use of a set of beampattern shaping constraints. With this framework, the beamformer possesses not only adaptive interference-rejection capability and robustness against large steering direction errors, but also direct sidelobe control simultaneously. Unlike other state-of-the-art robust adaptive beamformers, the proposed beamformer is robust against moving interferences too. The proposed framework is generic and many beamformers can be derived to tackle specific problems.
Association of Early Nasopharyngeal Immune Markers With COVID-19 Clinical Outcome: Predictive Value of CCL2/MCP-1 (2020)

Early recognition of severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is essential for an opportune and effective intervention, reducing life-risking complications. An altered inflammatory immune response seems to be associated with COVID-19's pathogenesis and progression to severity. Here we demonstrate the utility of early nasopharyngeal swab samples for detection of the early expression of immune markers and the potential value of CCL2/MCP-1 in predicting disease outcome.