gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting the Different Parameters on the Adsorption of Phosphate Ions and Its Subsequent Recovery Using Complex Nickel–Aluminum–Zirconium Hydroxide (2021)

In this study, the effect of contact time, temperature, pH, and coexistences on the adsorption of phosphate ions using the complex nickel-aluminum-zirconium hydroxide (NAZ) was evaluated. Moreover, the recovery of adsorbed phosphate ions from NAZ using desorption solution with different concentrations was demonstrated. The results showed that the quantity of phosphate ions adsorbed gradually increased with time, and the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 24 h after adsorption. This kinetic data could be well described by the pseudo-second-order model with the correlation coefficient in the value of 0.997. Additionally, the quantity of phosphate which was adsorbed increased as temperature increased, and these results corresponded well with both the Langmuir, the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.920-0.949, and Freundlich models, the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.863-0.995. These results showed that the adsorption of phosphate ion was monolayer adsorption onto the NAZ surface. The optimal pH for removal of phosphate ions from aqueous media was during 4-8. In addition, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions did not significantly affect to the adsorption capability of phosphate ions in the complex solution system. Finally, the phosphate ions which were adsorbed onto NAZ could be recovered using sodium sulfate solution (recovery percentage: approx. 50% using sodium sulfate solution at 1000 mmol/L). These results highlight the potential of using NAZ as the cost-effectiveness adsorbent for phosphate ions removal from aqueous media.
Electrochemically Induced Sol−Gel Preparation of Single-Crystalline TiO2 Nanowires (2002)

Highly ordered TiO2 single-crystalline nanowire arrays have been fabricated within the pores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template by a cathodically induced sol−gel method. Raman spectra confirmed that the nanowires are composed of pure anatase TiO2. TEM investigations indicated that these nanowires have a uniform tetragonal single-crystal structure. Finally, a possible growth mechanism of the TiO2 nanowires is discussed.
Automatic Guidance System for Trolley-Powered Mining Haul Trucks (2009)

The work presented in this paper is useful to any application involving a trolley-powered vehicle; however, it is of interest, in particular, to trolley-powered haul trucks operated at open pit mining sites. The paper presents a designed and developed prototype for an automatic guidance system for an overhead electric-powered truck. The main purpose of the automatic guidance system is to maintain the truck inline under the overhead power lines, allowing it to achieve higher speeds on grade. In an open pit mine with a trolley operation, this would be an added feature to the direct trolley and diesel boost application. The automatic guidance system would assist or completely relieve the driver when the truck is running on trolley, and hence, full utilization of the overhead trolley system would be achieved. The microcontroller-based guidance system measures simple quantities directly from the overhead power lines, and sends commands to guide the vehicle without the need for tracks or buried wires. The system is tested and validated on a model truck powered by overhead lines, which is designed and built to emulate the real haul truck of mining sites.
Novinky v oblasti hmotnostnich analyzatoru TOF (2012)

Prednaska pokryva nejnovejsi vyvoj v oblasti hmotnostni spektormetrie na principu doby letu.
Improved linear programming decoding using frustrated cycles (2013)

We consider data transmission over a binary-input additive white Gaussian noise channel using low-density parity-check codes. One of the most popular techniques for decoding low-density parity-check codes is the linear programming decoder. In general, the linear programming decoder is suboptimal. In this paper we present a systematic approach to enhance the linear programming decoder. More precisely, in the cases where the linear program outputs a fractional solution, we give a simple algorithm to identify frustrated cycles which cause the output of the linear program to be fractional. Then adding these cycles, adaptively to the basic linear program, we show improved word error rate performance.
II trasporto del neonato e del bambino critico. (1996)

Advance in the science and technology of neonatal and pediatric critical care have resulted in improved outcome for high risk newborn and children. Effective interhospital transport programmes are necessary for the appropriate use of resources and has become an integral component of regionalized perinatal care. It is now well established that use of an organized neonatal and pediatric transport team results in a fall in mortality and morbidity of infant. The American College of Obstetrician and Gynecologist and, recently, American Academy of Pediatrics published guidelines and recommendations for safe interhospital transfer of neonates, infants and children. Training of personnel, selection of equipment, organization and communication between hospitals are critical elements of a successful transport system. We present an overview of the role, principles and operating procedures of such neonatal-pediatric transport team and the basis of clinical stabilization before and during transfer. We also discuss data of the first 17 month experience of the Neonatal-Pediatric Transport Service of the Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua.
Application of an Environmentally Sensitive Fluorophore for Rapid Analysis of the Binding and Internalization Efficiency of Gene Carriers (2007)

Nonviral gene carriers must associate with and become internalized by cells in order to mediate efficient transfection. Methods to quantitatively measure and distinguish between cell association and internalization of delivery vectors are necessary to characterize the trafficking of vector formulations. Here, we demonstrate the utility of nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl (NBD)-labeled oligonucleotides for discrimination between bound and internalized gene carriers associated with cells. Dithionite quenches the fluorescence of extracellular NBD-labeled material, but is unable to penetrate the cell membrane and quench internalized material. We have verified that dithionite-mediated quenching of extracellular materials occurs in both polymer- and lipid-based gene delivery systems incorporating NBD-labeled oligonucleotides. By exploiting this property, the efficiencies of cellular binding and internalization of lipid- and polymer-based vectors were studied and correlated to their transfection efficiencies. Additionally, spatiotemporal information regarding binding and internalization of NBD-labeled gene carriers can be obtained using conventional wide-field fluorescence microscopy, since dithionite-mediated quenching of extracellular materials reveals the intracellular distribution of gene carriers without the need for optical sectioning. Hence, incorporation of environmentally sensitive NBD-oligos into gene carriers allows for facile assessment of binding and internalization efficiencies of vectors in live cells.
Cooperative Security for Network Coding File Distribution (2006)

Peer-to-peer content distribution networks can suffer from malicious participants that corrupt content. Current systems verify blocks with traditional cryptographic signatures and hashes. However, these techniques do not apply well to more elegant schemes that use network coding techniques for efficient content distribution. Architectures that use network coding are prone to jamming attacks where the introduction of a few corrupted blocks can quickly result in a large number of bad blocks propagating through the system. Identifying such bogus blocks is difficult and requires the use of homomorphic hashing functions, which are computationally expensive. This paper presents a practical security scheme for network coding that reduces the cost of verifying blocks on-the-fly while efficiently preventing the propagation of malicious blocks. In our scheme, users not only cooperate to distribute the content, but (well-behaved) users also cooperate to protect themselves against malicious users by informing affected nodes when a malicious block is found. We analyze and study such cooperative security scheme and introduce elegant techniques to prevent DoS attacks. We show that the loss in the efficiency caused by the attackers is limited to the effort the attackers put to corrupt the communication, which is a natural lower bound in the damage of the system. We also show experimentally that checking as low as 1-5% of the received blocks is enough to guarantee low corruption rates.
Texture segmentation using fractal dimension (1995)

This paper deals with the problem of recognizing and segmenting textures in images. For this purpose the authors employ a technique based on the fractal dimension (FD) and the multi-fractal concept. Six FD features are based on the original image, the above average/high gray level image, the below average/low gray level image, the horizontally smoothed image, the vertically smoothed image, and the multi-fractal dimension of order two. A modified box-counting approach is proposed to estimate the FD, in combination with feature smoothing in order to reduce spurious regions. To segment a scene into the desired number of classes, an unsupervised K-means like clustering approach is used. Mosaics of various natural textures from the Brodatz album as well as microphotographs of thin sections of natural rocks are considered, and the segmentation results to show the efficiency of the technique. Supervised techniques such as minimum-distance and k-nearest neighbor classification are also considered. The results are compared with other techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optimisation and temporal stability of EUV multilayer mirrors with aluminum for wavelength range from 17 to 60 nm (2018)

International audience
Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds in Mangroves: A Panacea towards Exploiting and Optimizing Mangrove Resources (2015)

The tissues (leaves, barks and roots) of mangrove species ( Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora racemosa and Avicennia africana ) were screened qualitatively and quantitatively for phytochemicals (metabolites). Phytochemical analysis indicated presence of highly polar bioactive compounds (alkaloids, saponins tannins flavonoids and reducing sugar) in their tissues. The concentration of these compounds varied significantly (P<0.001). The highest concentrations of alkaloids and saponins were in A. africana, flavonoids and tannins in R. racemosa and reducing sugars in N. fruticans . The existence of these metabolites suggests the possible contributions and potentials of the mangroves to medicine and the environment. Keywords: Mangrove species, Metabolites, Polar bioactive compounds, Medicine.
The Use of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive (Krazy Glue) in Cardiac Surgery (1994)

The authors report four cases of patients in desperate clinical situations where cyanoacrylate adhesive (Krazy Glue) was successfully used to control hemorrhage. Clinical observations were supplemented with bacteriological studies which showed that commercially available cyanoacrylate adhesive showed lack of bacteriological contamination.
Highly Reactive, General and Long-Lived Catalysts for Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Heteroaryl and Aryl Chlorides, Bromides, and Iodides: Scope and Structure–Activity Relationships (2008)

We describe a systematic study of the scope and relationship between ligand structure and activity for a highly efficient and selective class of catalysts containing sterically hindered chelating alkylphosphines for the amination of heteroaryl and aryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides. In the presence of this catalyst, aryl and heteroaryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides react with many primary amines in high yields with part-per-million quantities of palladium precursor and ligand. Many reactions of primary amines with both heteroaryl and aryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides occur to completion with 0.0005-0.05 mol % catalyst. A comparison of the reactivity of this catalyst for the coupling of primary amines at these loadings is made with catalysts generated from hindered monophosphines and carbenes, and these data illustrate the benefits of chelation. Studies on structural variants of the most active catalyst indicate that a rigid backbone in the bidentate structure, strong electron donation, and severe hindrance all contribute to its high reactivity. Thus, these complexes constitute a fourth-generation catalyst for the amination of aryl halides, whose activity complements catalysts based on monophosphines and carbenes.
Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Tungsten: Effect of Tungstate Ion on the Electrochemical Behavior of Tungsten (1999)

The effect of tungstate ion on the electrochemical behavior of tungsten has been investigated using direct current potentiodynamic polarization. As the concentration of tungstate ion increases, the anodic current increases and shifts to less noble potentials. This unexpected result is attributed to the solubilization (via polymerization) of tungstate ions generated via dissolution, by the tungstate species previously introduced into solution. With the iodate ion as a model oxidizer, the dissolution current was found to increase in the presence of added tungstate ions. This suggests that tungstate ions can facilitate the metal dissolution during tungsten chemical mechanical polishing. ©1999 The Electrochemical Society
Circulating Tumor Cells: Technologies and Their Clinical Potential in Cancer Metastasis (2021)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are single cells or clusters of cells within the circulatory system of a cancer patient. While most CTCs will perish, a small proportion will proceed to colonize the metastatic niche. The clinical importance of CTCs was reaffirmed by the 2008 FDA approval of CellSearch<sup>®</sup>, a platform that could extract EpCAM-positive, CD45-negative cells from whole blood samples. Many further studies have demonstrated the presence of CTCs to stratify patients based on overall and progression-free survival, among other clinical indices. Given their unique role in metastasis, CTCs could also offer a glimpse into the genetic drivers of metastasis. Investigation of CTCs has already led to groundbreaking discoveries such as receptor switching between primary tumors and metastatic nodules in breast cancer, which could greatly affect disease management, as well as CTC-immune cell interactions that enhance colonization. In this review, we will highlight the growing variety of isolation techniques for investigating CTCs. Next, we will provide clinically relevant context for CTCs, discussing key clinical trials involving CTCs. Finally, we will provide insight into the future of CTC studies and some questions that CTCs are primed to answer.
Effect of Ketamine/Propofol Admixture on Peri-Induction Hemodynamics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2020)

To evaluate the effectiveness of an admixture of ketamine and propofol on peri-induction hemodynamics during airway manipulation, we searched electronic databases of randomized controlled trials from January 1, 2000, to October 17, 2018. Trial screening, selection, and data extraction were done independently by two reviewers with outcomes pooled across included trials using the random-effects model. We included 10 randomized trials (722 patients, mean age of 53.99 years, 39.96% female). American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status was reported in 9 trials with classes I and II representing the majority. Ketamine/propofol admixture was associated with a nonsignificant increase in heart rate (weighted mean difference, 3.36 beats per minute (95% CI, -0.88, 7.60), <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> = 88.6%), a statistically significant increase in systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference, 9.67 mmHg (95% CI, 1.48, 17.86), <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> = 87.2%), a nonsignificant increase in diastolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference, 2.18 mmHg (95% CI, -2.82, 7.19), <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> = 73.1%), and a nonsignificant increase in mean arterial pressure (weighted mean difference, 3.28 mmHg (95% CI, -0.94, 7.49), <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> = 69.9%) compared to other agents. The risk of bias was high and the certainty of evidence was low. In conclusion, among patients undergoing airway manipulation and needing sedation, the use of a ketamine/propofol admixture may be associated with better hemodynamics compared to nonketamine/propofol sedation. This trial is registered with CRD42019125725.
Nonsurgical Retreatment (2004)

With all the potential for endodontic success, the fact remains clinicians are confronted with posttreatment endodontic disease. When the elected treatment plan is endodontic nonsurgical retreatment, then the goal is to access the pulp chamber and remove materials from the root canal space and if present, address deficiencies or repair defects that are pathologic or iatrogenic in origin. This article provides a literature review with clinical recommendations for one important group of retreatment issues: the removal of posts and broken instruments.
Vessels of the umbilical cord: an anatomo-microscopic study in normal and pathological newborns (2017)

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) due to placental insufficiency is associated with blood-flow redistribution. Placental insufficiency in late-onset IUGR often goes undetected by umbilical artery Doppler scan. Despite a broad general body of literature referencing placentas of IUGR pregnancies, there are no report on the structural characteristics of the vessels of the umbilical cord in IUGR. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the microscopic anatomy of the umbilical arteries and veins in normal, IUGR and small for gestational age (SGA) newborns. Twenty six umbilical cords were taken from 10 IUGR, 5 SGA, and 11 controls newborns. The histological and morphological examination was performed with EE, Azan–Mallory, Sirius Red stains and morphometric evaluation was performed through a computer image analysis approach. In the controls, the umbilical artery shows a muscular tunica, organized by two layers, an outer one with circularly arranged cells, and an inner one, with irregularly arranged cells. In the IUGR longitudinal muscular fibers are observable. In IUGR the percentage of the muscular fibers of the umbilical artery was greater with respect of SGA and controls. In IUGR and SGA the percentage of the muscular fibers was minor with respect to controls. In the umbilical artery in IUGR and SGA the elastic fibers and collagen I was major and collagen III was minor with respect to SGA. In the umbilical vein the collagen III was major in IUGR and SGA with respect to controls. These data agree with those of intrauterine life, in which a major thickness of the abdominal aortic wall was observed in fetuses with abnormalities of Doppler flussimetry. The rearrangement of umbilical artery may affect the mechanical properties of these vessels and disturb fetal blood circulation.
Total Absorption in a Graphene Monolayer in the Optical Regime by Critical Coupling with a Photonic Crystal Guided Resonance (2014)

We numerically demonstrate total absorption in graphene in the near-infrared and visible wavelength ranges by means of critical coupling with guided resonances of a photonic crystal slab. In this wavelength range, there is no plasmonic response in undoped graphene, so the critical coupling is entirely controlled by the properties of the photonic crystal resonance. We discuss the general theory and conditions for absorption enhancement and critical coupling in a thin film and give design rules for a totally absorbing system. We present examples in the near-infrared and visible, using both a lossless metallic mirror and a realistic multilayer dielectric mirror.
Neuro-fuzzy modeling and control (1995)

Fundamental and advanced developments in neuro-fuzzy synergisms for modeling and control are reviewed. The essential part of neuro-fuzzy synergisms comes from a common framework called adaptive networks, which unifies both neural networks and fuzzy models. The fuzzy models under the framework of adaptive networks is called adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), which possess certain advantages over neural networks. We introduce the design methods for ANFIS in both modeling and control applications. Current problems and future directions for neuro-fuzzy approaches are also addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS DETERMINE STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF THE LARGE ARTERY (2004)

1Institute of Pharmacology of Sherbrooke, Canada 2Clinical Research Center, Laval University, Canada
Thermal response of hard dental tissues to 9‐ through 11‐μm CO<sub>2</sub>‐laser irradiation (1996)

The morphology and the chemistry of dental enamel and dentin can be modified by irradiation with a CO2 laser to increase the acid resistance of the intrinsic mineral. The changes induced in hard dental tissues after laser irradiation are predominately determined by the photothermally induced temperature rise in the tissue. Therefore the temperature rise in the irradiated enamel and dentin must be determined under controlled laser conditions. Surface and subsurface temperatures were monitored after multiple-pulse CO2-laser irradiation at ?=9.3, 9.6, 10.3, and 10.6 µm with 1- to 20-J/cm2 pulses of 50- to 500-µs duration using radiometry and microthermocouples. Surface temperatures were significantly higher after 9.3- and 9.6-µm irradiation than for the more commonly utilized 10.6-mm CO2-laser wavelength. Permanent changes in the temperature response of enamel and dentin were observed at fluences greater than 2 J/cm2 and 100-µs duration for dentin and 5 J/cm2 for enamel. CO2-laser irradiation changes the thermal and the optical properties of these tissues, substantially changing the energy deposition for subsequent laser pulses. These changes affect both the amount of energy absorbed and the depth of absorption. The more efficient absorption at ?=9.3 and 9.6 µm may be advantageous for both cariespreventive treatments and ablation of exposed hard dental tissues while minimizing heat deposition in the tooth.
Micro-scale investigation of unsaturated sand in mini-triaxial shearing using X-ray CT (2019)

This paper explores the micro characteristics of unsaturated sand in triaxial shearing by using X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT). To obtain higher resolution, a mini-triaxial set-up is designed in which the sample is miniaturised to 1 cm in diameter and 2 cm long, allowing scans with a pixel size of 9 μm. Samples are sheared in the mini-triaxial set-up at different constant suction levels (therefore, different degree of saturation). In the meanwhile, the samples are scanned by X-ray CT at various deformation stages, about 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15% axial strain. The three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed image is trinarised based on a region growing technique, which gives access to the microstructure of the solid, liquid and air phases. Then, the 3D image is subdivided into representative volume elements, with length ≈3·8D 50 , which gives local information of degree of saturation and porosity. It is observed that the sample dilates and water drains out during triaxial test under constant suction condition. The local study shows that the porosity increase and water desaturation are more significant in the middle part of the sample, especially for a higher suction value. This work allows the emphasis of the coupling between dilatancy on shearing (highlighted by the evolution of local porosity) and the evolution of the local degree of saturation in unsaturated granular materials.