gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cost and return analysis in small scale rice production in Cross River State, Nigeria. (2015)

This study was on cost and return analysis in small scale rice production in Cross River State. Specifically, the study described the socioeconomic characteristics of small scale rice farmers, estimated costs and returns from production and examined socioeconomic factors affecting small scale rice production in the area. A four stage random sampling technique was employed to obtained primary data from one hundred and twenty respondents (120) with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, frequency count; percentages, gross margin analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study revealed that small scale rice production in the area was profitable; Age of the farmer, farm size, education and cost of seed were the significant factors that affected rice production in the study area. Farmers in the study area are faced with constraints such as lack of access to finance, poor storage facilities and high cost of agro-chemicals. The study recommended that credit facilities should be given to small scale rice producers in the area so as to increase output and policy interventions aimed at protecting local producers should be put in place.
Editorial: CD38 and retinoids: a step toward a cure (2011)

Discussion on the biological and clinical implications of a new mechanism by which retinoids act on CD38 expression.
Relationship Between Shape Memory Material Properties and Applications (1995)

The shape memory effect has been observed in several material systems: metals, ceramics and polymers. Mainly metallic systems in which a strain-induced or thermallyinduced martensitic transformation occurs, have been explored. Also, recent discoveries have shown that shape memory effects in specific systems can also be driven by changes in hydrostatic pressure or magnetic fields. This indicates that not all effects related to the martensitic transformation have been explored yet for use in application. But even in classic systems designers are challenged to better analyse what functions the material properties can really bring about in applications such as actuators, smart materials or medical devices.
Flow field visualization using vector field perpendicular surfaces (2009)

This paper introduces Vector Field Perpendicular Surfaces as a means to represent vector data with special focus on variations across the vectors in the field. These surfaces are a perpendicular analogue to streamlines, with the vector data always being parallel to the normals of the surface. In this way the orientation of the data is conveyed to the viewer, while providing a continuous representation across the vectors of the field. This paper describes the properties of such surfaces including an issue with helicity density in the vector data, an approach to generating them, several stop conditions and special means to handle also fields with non-zero helicity density.
Abstract 3117: BET bromodomain inhibition triggers apoptosis of NF1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors through Bim induction (2014)

Abstract Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs) are highly aggressive sarcomas that develop sporadically or in Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. MPNSTs are typically fatal, and effective treatments remain limited. To gain insights into MPNST pathogenesis, we utilized a novel MPNST mouse model that allowed us to study the evolution of these tumors at the transcriptome level. Strikingly, in MPNSTs we found upregulation of chromatin regulator Brd4, and show that BRD4 inhibition profoundly suppresses both growth and tumorigenesis. Our findings reveal new roles for BET bromodomains in MPNST development, and report a novel mechanism by which bromodomain inhibition induces apoptosis through induction of pro-apoptotic Bim, which may represent a paradigm shift in therapy for MPNST patients. Moreover, these findings indicate novel epigenetic mechanisms underlying the balance of anti-/pro-apoptotic molecules, and suggest that bromodomain inhibition can shift this balance in favor of cancer cell apoptosis. Citation Format: Amish J. Patel, Chung-Ping Liao, Zhiguo Chen, Chiachi Liu, Yong Wang, Lu Q. Le. BET bromodomain inhibition triggers apoptosis of NF1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors through Bim induction. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3117. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3117
A Concise Route to β-Cyclopropyl Amino Acids Utilizing 1,2-Dioxines and Stabilized Phosphonate Nucleophiles (2008)

1,2-Dioxines react with glycine-derived phosphonate nucleophiles via a multistep cascade reaction to give beta-cyclopropyl amino acid derivatives in good yield with excellent control of the cyclopropane stereocentres. The cyclopropyl ketones were oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic esters using Baeyer-Villiger conditions. Standard deprotection protocols produced a series of known beta-cyclopropyl amino acids that are selective and potent agonists or antagonists of the metabotropic glutamate receptors in excellent yields.
Episodic Memory for Dynamic Social Interaction Across Phase of Illness in Schizophrenia (2017)

Although a number of studies examined recollection and familiarity memory in schizophrenia, most of studies have focused on nonsocial episodic memory. Little is known about how schizophrenia patients remember social information in everyday life and whether social episodic memory changes over the course of illness. This study aims to examine episodic memory for dynamic social interaction with multimodal social stimuli in schizophrenia across phase of illness. Within each phase of illness, probands and demographically matched controls participated: 51 probands at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis and 36 controls, 80 first-episode schizophrenia patients and 49 controls, and 50 chronic schizophrenia patients and 39 controls. The participants completed the Social Remember-Know Paradigm that assessed overall social episodic memory, social recollection and familiarity memory, and social context memory, in addition to social cognitive measures and measures on community functioning. Probands showed impairment for recollection but not in familiarity memory and this pattern was similar across phase of illness. In contrast, impaired social context memory was observed in the first-episode and chronic schizophrenia samples, but not in CHR samples. Social context memory was associated with community functioning only in the chronic sample. These findings suggest that an impaired recollection could be a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia whereas impaired social context memory could be a disease-related marker. Further, a pattern of impaired recollection with intact familiarity memory for social stimuli suggests that schizophrenia patients may have a different pattern of impaired episodic memory for social vs nonsocial stimuli.
Latent variable speaker adaptation of Gaussian mixture weights and means (2012)

We describe a novel fast speaker adaptation algorithm for large vocabulary speech recognition systems, which adapts both the Gaussian means and the mixture weights. Gaussian means are expressed as a linear combination of eigenvoices estimated with principal component analysis. The non-negative Gaussian mixture weights are expressed as a linear combination of a set of latent vectors estimated with non-negative matrix factorization. Experiments on the Wall Street Journal database show that the combination of weight and mean adaptation consistently improves the performance compared to eigenvoice adaptation only. Improvements up to 5.8% relative word error rate reduction were observed with 40 eigenvoices and 40 latent weight vectors. Furthermore, combining weight and mean adaptation outperformed both weight and mean adaptation on itself, even if the latter uses more latent vectors.
Metal-Catalyzed Reaction Of Indoline Diazoamides Possessing a C-2 CH2X Substituent:  Site-Selectivity, Diastereoselectivity, and Chemoselectivity (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTMetal-Catalyzed Reaction Of Indoline Diazoamides Possessing a C-2 CH2X Substituent: Site-Selectivity, Diastereoselectivity, and ChemoselectivityAndrew G. H. Wee and J. SlobodianView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8, 2897–2900Publication Date (Web):April 19, 1996Publication History Received20 July 1995Revised12 February 1996Published online19 April 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo951320hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo951320hbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views550Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Chemical reactions,Mixtures,Molecular structure,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
In vitro dipeptide, nucleoside, and glutathione alkylation by S-(2-chloroethyl)glutathione and S-(2-chloroethyl)-L-cysteine (1989)

S-(2-Chloroethyl)glutathione (CEG) and S-(2-chloroethyl)-L-cysteine (CEC) are putative glutathione-dependent metabolites of 1,2-dichloroethane bioactivation and have been shown to be direct-acting alkylating agents. A group of dipeptides, nucleosides, and glutathione were used as model compounds to investigate CEG and CEC alkylation events. The extent of glutathione and cysteinyltyrosine alkylation was much greater than histidyltyrosine greater than lysyltyrosine, glycyltyrosine, glycyltryptophan, and 2'-deoxyguanosine greater than 2'-deoxyadenosine, 2'-deoxycytidine, and thymidine for both CEG and CEC. The rate of S-alkylation of cysteinyltyrosine by CEG and CEC occurred at rates 54 and 72 times that for the N7 position of 2'-deoxyguanosine and 16 and 10 times that for histidyltyrosine imidazole nitrogen, respectively. The rate of S-alkylation of glutathione by CEG was found to be 27% faster than that for S-alkylation of cysteinyltyrosine whereas S-alkylation of glutathione by CEC was 22% slower than that for cysteinyltyrosine. Both CEG and CEC demonstrated a selectivity for cysteinyl thiol alkylation over a wide variety of other nucleophilic sites. These findings demonstrate a wide range of functional group reactivity that should be taken into consideration when assessing the alkylation of cellular macromolecules by such glutathione-derived metabolites of the 1,2-dihaloethanes in vivo.
Design and Fabrication of a Micromechanical Gyroscope (1995)

Abstract : Both size and cost of mechanical and optical inertial navigation systems (INS) have prevented their use in many applications. By developing a micromachined gyroscope and combining it with existing micromachined accelerometer designs to form a low sensitivity INS, the cost would be reduced by a factor of 10 or more. The lower per unit cost would open new areas for INS use. A second advantage of the micromachined INS would be its size. A micromachined INS would weigh only a few ounces and take significantly less space, allowing more room for electronics and the weight reduction would lead to longer mission times. In this thesis three micromachined gyroscopes were developed and fabricated: a micromachined comb-drive vibrating gyroscope, a planar gimballed gyroscope, and a vibrating ring gyroscope. The micromachined gyroscopes were fabricated using the Multi User MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) Process (MUMPS). These devices were then tested in AFIT's microelectronics laboratories.
Étude des algorithmes de repérage de la dépression dans le SNIIRAM par le réseau REDSIAM (2016)

Le Système national d’information interrégimes de l’assurance maladie (SNIIRAM) est une source de données médico-administrative de santé quasi exhaustive de la population française, réunissant les données de remboursement de soins de ville et d’hospitalisation. Compte tenu du nombre croissant d’utilisateurs des données du SNIIRAM à des fins d’études, de recherche et de surveillance épidémiologique, le réseau REDSIAM a pour objectif de favoriser l’interaction entre utilisateurs, de valider et de promouvoir les méthodes d’analyses issues des données. Au sein de ce réseau, le groupe de travail Troubles mentaux et du comportement (GT-TMC) s’est intéressé aux algorithmes d’identification de la dépression de l’adulte à partir des données du SNIIRAM. Il apparaît en effet que les pathologies psychiatriques, et notamment la dépression, ont été peu étudiées à partir des bases de données médico-administratives. La méthodologie s’est appuyée sur l’interview de dix experts ayant déjà travaillé sur le SNIIRAM, à partir de questionnaires validés. La synthèse des entretiens montre que les algorithmes doivent s’adapter aux objectifs spécifiques poursuivis par les études et dépendent du type d’enquête réalisée, du type de dépression, du périmètre de données interrogées et de l’association ou non aux données de consommation médicamenteuse.
Bioinspired nanotopographical design of drug delivery systems (2023)

Effective drug delivery is important in the treatment of various biomedical conditions, ranging from autoimmune disorders to cancer and bacterial infections. Nanostructured systems can help to overcome challenges to efficient drug delivery such as poor drug distribution, inefficient penetration across biological barriers and off-target effects. The bioinspired nanotopography of drug carrier surfaces provides a physical cue to modulate their interaction with biological systems. In this Review, we discuss how naturally occurring nanotopographical systems can inspire the design of biomaterials for drug delivery. We highlight nanoscale surface modifications of drug carriers and fabrication strategies, followed by a discussion about nanotopographical biointerfaces to regulate biological functions. Key bioinspired nanotopographical functionalities include bio-adhesion, barrier remodelling, drug uptake and subcellular trafficking, cellular signalling and modulation, and antimicrobial interfaces. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future of nanotopographical applications in drug delivery, with a focus on key challenges and exciting opportunities from bench to bedside. Three-dimensional nanotopography plays a key role in the interaction of nanoscale drug delivery systems and biological components. This Review discusses bioinspired nanotopographies that can improve muco-adhesion and cyto-adhesion, drug uptake and trafficking, barrier remodelling, cellular modulation and antimicrobial activities of various drug delivery platforms.
The relationship between time and place coding with cochlear implants with long electrode arrays (2018)

The auditory system can theoretically encode frequencies by either the rate or place of stimulation within the cochlea. Previous work with cochlear implants has demonstrated that both changes in timing and place can be described as pitch changes but are perceptually orthogonal. Using multidimensional scaling, the present experiment extends the previous findings that timing and place changes are perceptually orthogonal into the cochlear apex using long 31-mm electrode arrays. However, temporal cues seem to be more reliable across subjects at the apex while place cues seem to be more reliable at the middle of the cochlea.
Carbonization of low rank coal under hydrogen pressure. (1985)

Carbonization of low rank coal under high hydrogen pressure was studied. Our interest is to clarify the effects of hydrogen pressure and soaking time on the resultant cokes. The longer the: soaking time at 748 K under 5 MPa, the more extensive the development of anisotropic texture and the greater the size of optical texture. The effect of hydrogen pressure on the resultant cokes was found to be optimal at 5 MPa. However, no significant change in the anisotropic texture of the resultant cokes was observed when the hydrogen pressure was increased from 5 to 13 MPa.The effect of partial pressures of hydrogen on the carbonization reaction was also examined. When the partial pressure of hydrogen decreases, the extent of the anisotropic texture is reduced.The carbonization of Yubarishinko coaking coal was also carried out under high hydrogen pressure. The optical texture of resultant cokes for a hydrogen pressure of 8 MPa shows flow anisotropy.Moreover, the effect of selenium oxide catalyst on pressure carbonization was also studied. SeO2, which is especially effective in the early stage of carbonization, enhanced the mesophase development for Taiheiyo coal.
Synthesis of Sintered Diamond with High Electrical Resistivity and Hardness (1987)

Diamond and diamond‐ultrafine Co powder mixtures were sintered at 7.7 GPa and 1800° to 2000°C. A well‐sintered body with a fine‐grained homogeneous microstructure, high hardness, and high electrical resistivity was produced when a diamond‐5 vol% Co powder mixture was used as the starting material.
P‐glycoprotein expression in osteosarcoma: A basis for risk‐adapted adjuvant chemotherapy (1999)

Previous reports on osteosarcomas treated with multi-agent chemotherapy have shown that P-glycoprotein expression is a reliable prognostic indicator. The current thinking is that, of the several agents used for the treatment of osteosarcoma, only doxorubicin is involved in drug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein. This study examines the relationship of P-glycoprotein expression to clinical outcome in osteosarcomas, treated only with doxorubicin in addition to surgery, to determine if the prognostic significance of P-glycoprotein expression reflects the ability of osteosarcoma to respond to this drug. The expression of P-glycoprotein in tumor specimens was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 37 nonmetastatic, operable osteosarcomas treated at a single institution with doxorubicin as a single adjuvant drug. The P-glycoprotein status was analysed in relation to the length of event-free survival. A widespread pattern of P-glycoprotein expression in tumor cells at diagnosis was significantly associated with a higher rate of systemic relapse (p < 0.001). On comparison of this group of patients with a similar series of 92 patients, all treated with multi-agent chemotherapy plus surgery of the primary lesion and previously analysed for P-glycoprotein status, only P-glycoprotein-positive, doxorubicin-resistant tumors consistently benefited from the addition of drugs other than doxorubicin (p < 0.001). Osteosarcomas with different abilities to respond to adjuvant chemotherapy can be identified by the expression of P-glycoprotein in tumor cells at the clinical onset. P-glycoprotein status may serve as a basis for risk-adapted, individualized therapeutic regimens. Standard programs are sufficient for P-glycoprotein-negative osteosarcomas, whereas P-glycoprotein-positive tumors may benefit from the use of more intensive therapeutic approaches.
Antithrombotic and Antilesion Benefits without Hemorrhagic Risks by Inhibiting Tissue Factor Pathway (1996)

The effects of inhibiting tissue factor-dependent thrombus formation on vascular neointimal lesion formation have been evaluated by inhibiting tissue factor activity using intravenous injections of active-site inactivated recombinant factor VIIa (FVIIai) administered to baboons immediately prior to initiating bilateral femoral balloon artery angioplasty and surgical carotid endarterectomy. FVIIai abolished thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury and decreased vascular lesion formation by approximately 50 percent at 30 days. We conclude that thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury is predominately tissue factor-dependent and that transient inhibition of tissue factor activity prevents both vascular thrombosis and vascular lesion formation, which implies that transiently inhibiting tissue factor at the time of elective mechanical vascular procedures may be useful in reducing clinical restenosis.
Social Image and the 50-50 Norm: A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Audience Effects (2007)

A norm of 50-50 division appears to have considerable force in a wide range of economic environments, both in the real world and in the laboratory. Even in settings where one party unilaterally determines the allocation of a prize (the dictator game), many subjects voluntarily cede exactly half to another individual. The hypothesis that people care about fairness does not by itself account for key experimental patterns — for example, that there is frequently a gap in the distribution of transfers just below 50%, or that the frequency of 50-50 splits is sensitive to observability and social distance. We consider an alternative explanation, which adds the hypothesis that people like to be perceived as fair. The properties of equilibria for the resulting signaling game correspond closely to laboratory observations. The theory has additional testable implications, and we confirm the validity of these implicaitons through new experiments.
Front Cover: Lamprey Parapinopsin (“UVLamP”): a Bistable UV‐Sensitive Optogenetic Switch for Ultrafast Control of GPCR Pathways (ChemBioChem 5/2020) (2019)

Optogenetic control of G protein-coupled receptor pathways: The Japanese lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum) parapinopsin (“UVLamP”) serves as a minimally invasive, narrow-bandwidth, bistable, next-generation optogenetic probe for controlling the Gi/o pathway. A millisecond UV light pulse allows for sustained pathway activation that can be switched off with a millisecond blue light pulse on demand. The first structural model of parapinopsin in the dark state reveals novel interaction partners shedding light on the mechanisms responsible for opsin bistability. More information can be found in the communication by D. Eickelbeck, K. Gerwert, S. Herlitze et al. on page 612 in Issue 5, 2020 (DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900485).
Localized Weighted Prediction for Video Coding (2005)

The paper describes a new compression method for handling local brightness variations in video sequences. The method does not explicitly code and transmit the weighting parameters used to predict the current block. Instead, the weighting parameters are estimated by considering the correlation of the current block with its spatial neighbors and temporal predictors. Since the information for deriving these parameters is available in both encoder and decoder, no additional bits are required to be coded and transmitted. Compared to the weighted prediction method in the H.264 standard, our approach can further improve performance up to 15% in terms of bitrate reduction, while adding only minor complexity at the decoder.