gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of hydrogen driven from biomass waste to power Remote areas away from the electric grid utilizing fuel cells and internal combustion engines vehicles (2017)

Recent concerns over the security and reliability of the world’s energy supply has caused a flux towards the research and development of renewable sources. A leading renewable source has been found in the biomass gasification of biological materials derived from organic matters such as wood chips, forest debris, and farm waste that are found in abundance in the USA. Accordingly, there is a very strong interest worldwide in the development of new technologies that provide an in-depth understanding of this economically viable energy source. This work aims to allow the coupling of biomass gasification and fuel cell systems as well as Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) to produce high-energy efficiency, clean environmental performance and near-zero greenhouse gas emissions. Biomass gasification is a process, which produces synthesis gas (syngas) that contains 19% hydrogen and 20% carbon monoxide from inexpensive organic matter waste. This project main goal is to provide cost effective energy to the public utilizing remote farms’ waste and landfill recycling area.
Cu/SiO2 hybrid bonding obtained by surface-activated bonding method at room temperature using Si ultrathin films (2018)

The hybrid bonding technique, used for the bonding of metal-electrode and insulator hybrid interfaces with a high alignment accuracy, is very important for the three-dimensional integration technology. Bonding of Cu and SiO2 hybrid interfaces was performed by surface activated bonding (SAB) method at room temperature using a Si ultrathin film, which we previously proposed. Transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM) observations reveal that no microvoids and gaps are present at the interfaces of bonded Cu/Cu electrodes and SiO2/SiO2. The intermediate layer with the thickness of approximately 5 nm was confirmed at both bonding interfaces. The contact resistance of a pair of bonded electrodes was approximately 4.1 Ω. The bonded specimen fractured at the bonded interface by tensile test, and the bonding strength was then approximately 2 MPa. An electron-energy-loss spectroscopy analysis combined with TEM confirmed that SiO2 was present in the intermediate layer with a two-layer structure including an amorphous Si and SiO2 layers. It seems that the two-layer structure resulted in high contact resistance and low bonding strength. Although the contact resistance was not sufficiently low, the electrical connection of the bonded Cu/Cu electrodes was achieved. These results suggested that hybrid bonding was achieved at room temperature using our novel bonding technique. Keywords: Hybrid bonding, Wafer bonding, Surface activated bonding, Room temperature, 3D integration, Si thin film
Behavioral Effects of Using Software Agents for Product and Merchant Brokering: An Experimental Study of Consumer Decision-Making (2000)

Agent technology has been applied to design new services known as "shopbots" that simplify product and merchant brokering in several consumer industries. The use of shopbots is expected to reduce consumer search costs and make buying behavior more rational. Based upon a decision-making model, the author proposed 12 hypotheses pertaining to the effects of shopbot use on consumer buying behavior and tested them in an experiment in which consumers chose a financial-service provider. His hypotheses relating to changes in information-search behavior were strongly supported, but there was only partial support for the hypotheses on changes in choice behavior, and no evidence of differences at the problem-recognition and judgment stages of the buying process between consumers using shopbots and other consumers. Although this research was exploratory, the findings suggest that vendors of high-complexity products need not fear losing customers because of shopbot use. Since many customers perceive shopbots as value-added services that make information search on the Internet more satisfying, offering access to such services may help vendors to retain their customers.
A new route to linear polycyclic, substituted aromatics: Diels-Alder reactions of bicyclic dimethoxycyclobutenes (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new route to linear polycyclic, substituted aromatics: Diels-Alder reactions of bicyclic dimethoxycyclobutenesRobert K. Boeckman Jr., Mary H. Delton, Tatsuo Nagasaka, and Tokuhiro WatanabeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 17, 2946–2948Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00437a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00437a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views489Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Effects of Aging On the Foraging Behaviour of Steinernema Carpocapsae (Rhabdita: Steinernematidae) (1997)

Steinernema carpocapsae infective juvenile behaviour changes with age. Soon after emergence from the host cadaver, S. carpocapsae infective juveniles spend most of their time nictating. This behaviour enhances their host finding (ambushing) success. Between two and four weeks after emergence, their mobility increases and their nictation rate decreases. These alterations in behaviour suggested that a shift in foraging strategy from ambushing to a more mobile mode may occur. We tested this hypothesis by measuring changes in behaviours that may confer success to mobile foragers, including response to host cues and attachment to sedentary vs mobile hosts. We found that the success rate of ambushing declined with age, but there was no corresponding increase in the success rate of S. carpocapsae infective juveniles as mobile searchers, as measured in a sand column assay. We suggest that entomopathogenic nematodes do not alter their foraging strategy in response to unsuccessful search or aging.
Optimisation of wavelengths selection used for the multi-spectral temperature measurement by ordinary least squares method of surfaces exhibiting non-uniform emissivity (2013)

International audience
The Genome Sequence DataBase version 1.0 (GSDB): from low pass sequences to complete genomes (1997)

The Genome Sequence DataBase (GSDB) has completed its conversion to an improved relational database. The new database, GSDB 1.0, is fully operational and publicly available. Data contributions, including both original sequence submissions and community annotation, are being accomplished through the use of a graphical client-server interface tool, the GSDB Annotator, and via GIO (GSDB Input/Output) files. Data retrieval services are being provided through a new Web Query Tool and direct SQL. All methods of data contribution and data retrieval fully support the new data types that have been incorporated into GSDB, including discontiguous sequences, multiple sequence alignments, and community annotation.
A Tissue Engineering Approach to Metastatic Colon Cancer (2020)

Colon cancer remains the third most common cause of cancer in the US, and the third most common cause of cancer death. Worldwide, colon cancer is the second most common cause of cancer and cancer deaths. At least 25% of patients still present with metastatic disease, and at least 25-30% will develop metastatic colon cancer in the course of their disease. While chemotherapy and surgery remain the mainstay of treatment, understanding the fundamental cellular niche and mechanical properties that result in metastases would facilitate both prevention and cure. Advances in biomaterials, novel 3D primary human cells, modelling using microfluidics and the ability to alter the physical environment, now offers a unique opportunity to develop and test impactful treatment.
Ultra-Fast T1-Weighted Imaging with Wave-CAIPI MPRAGE for Clinical Pediatric Brain MR imaging: A Prospective Quantitative Assessment Study (2023)

Morphologic neuroimaging in children can be challenging and time-sensitive during routine clinical imaging workflow due to patient discomfort, susceptibility to motion, and frequent need of sedation. Our study quantitatively assessed the imaging performance of ultra-fast T1 3D magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE) using wave-controlled aliasing with parallel imaging (wave-CAIPI) sequence for accelerated pediatric brain MR imaging via whole brain wide analysis under different MR imaging parameter settings with and without contrast administration. Our results show that wave-CAIPI can deliver comparable image quality to standard MPRAGE with significantly reduced scan times with optimized imaging parameters.
Developmental system drift and flexibility in evolutionary trajectories (2001)

The comparative analysis of homologous characters is a staple of evolutionary developmental biology and often involves extrapolating from experimental data in model organisms to infer developmental events in non-model organisms. In order to determine the general importance of data obtained in model organisms, it is critical to know how often and to what degree similar phenotypes expressed in different taxa are formed by divergent developmental processes. Both comparative studies of distantly related species and genetic analysis of closely related species indicate that many characters known to be homologous between taxa have diverged in their morphogenetic or gene regulatory underpinnings. This process, which we call "developmental system drift" (DSD), is apparently ubiquitous and has significant implications for the flexibility of developmental evolution of both conserved and evolving characters. Current data on the population genetics and molecular mechanisms of DSD illustrate how the details of developmental processes are constantly changing within evolutionary lineages, indicating that developmental systems may possess a great deal of plasticity in their responses to natural selection.
Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis diagnosed by microdissection and PCR (2003)

site.
Development of an audiological test procedure manual for first year Au.D. students (2001)

A student manual of audiological procedures with accompanying laboratory assignments does not presently exist at the University of South Florida (USF). In the first year of the four year Au.D. program at USF, students are enrolled in Audiology Laboratory Clinic I, II, and III, in consecutive semesters. Groups of four to six students meet weekly for a 3-1/2 hour clinical laboratory session to receive training in test instruction, test procedures, test application, and test interpretation. The purpose of the first year Audiology laboratory clinic sessions is to prepare the student for clinical experience in year two of the Au.D program at USF. In preparation for these laboratory sessions, it was discovered that materials related to test procedures are currently scattered throughout a variety of texts, journals, manuals, educational software, videos, and web sites. No one source contains all the needed information on any given test procedure. In addition, specific procedures outlined in documents [American Standards Institute (ANSI) and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)] are not consistently used by the different sources. Thus, there is no standard procedural manual containing laboratory assignments that lead to the development of appropriate clinical testing skills by a first year Au.D student. A standard test procedural manual for pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and immittance testing, with assignments, was developed to assist in the cultivation of the students testing skills. The manual contains test history, purposes, procedures, scoring guidelines, interpretations, and limitations for each test. Laboratory assignments include practice exercises using a computer simulator, classmates, and volunteers. Each assignment is accompanied by discussion questions to enhance and augment student understanding. A reference list is available to obtain further information on each topic area. This manual will be made available to the first year Au.D student as well as to the advanced Au.D student who would benefit from an all-inclusive, updateable source providing the best possible clinical procedures. The final product will be available for a fee in a notebook type format to allow for the inclusion of additional topics and updates as the standards of practice in Audiology change.
Increased spontaneous activity of a network of hippocampal neurons in culture caused by suppression of inhibitory potentials mediated by anti-gad antibodies (2008)

The inhibition in neuronal transmission only after application of GAD-positive epileptic serum, suggests an interference with GABA function and consequently with neuronal inhibition supporting a pathogenetic role of GAD-Ab in the development of epilepsy.
[The microbiological profile of nosocomial infection in a respiratory intensive care unit]. (1994)

In 1987, in the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit of Santa Maria Hospital we developed a nosocomial surveillance program with specially created software that provides knowledge of NI in the ICU at any moment. The information gathered along the time is particularly useful in the correlation of the risk factors, the most frequent microorganisms and in the institution of empiric antibiotic therapy. Out of 2528 patients admitted in our ICU for the last 6 years (87/92), 10% had bacteriologically identified NI. Almost (93%) of them had occurred in mechanically ventilated patients, which corresponds to 20.7% NI in those patients. The gram-negative appeared in 63.37%, with the predominance of Enterobacteriaceae. From the gram-positives the most frequent were Staphylococcus spp. Their meticiline resistance was worrisome. NI patients had significantly higher severity and therapeutic intervention scores. Mechanical ventilation period was 4 fold higher and mortality 2.5 times higher in the patients with this complication.
An NTP Stratum-One Server Farm Fed By IEEE-1588 (2010)

Abstract : For the past 16 years, USNO's Network Time Protocol (NTP) stratum-1 servers have been synchronized to its Master Clocks via IRIG-B time code on a low-frequency RF distribution system. The availability of Precise Time Protocol (PTP, IEEE-1588) host-based interfaces will enable the deployment of NTP servers fed by IEEE-1588 over conventional Ethernet networks. This paper describes a PTP GrandMaster/Slave network which maintains synchronization of internal (stratum-0) NTP reference clocks to within tens of nanoseconds. The configuration of a PTP network and the effects of various PTP configuration options are demonstrated.
A 28-nm CMOS 40-GHz high-resolution digitally controlled oscillator for automotive radar applications (2017)

We present the first millimeter-wave digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) in a 28-nm CMOS technology. This DCO is developed as an integral part of all-digital phase-locked loop for automotive radar applications. The DCO achieves a tuning range of 3.6 GHz (39.3-42.9 GHz) with a fine frequency resolution less than 1 MHz and phase noise of -99.5 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset at 39.3 GHz. The DCO occupies 0.08 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 10.5 mW. Impacts on DCO design from closely filled dummies to meet extremely stringent local density rules in the 28-nm CMOS process, which has not been investigated before, are also discussed.
Enrichment of an Israeli ethnic food with fibres and their effects on the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1995)

The effects of various sources of dietary fibre on the high glycaemic index of an Israeli ethnic food, melawach, were investigated in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Locust-bean (Ceratonia siliqua) gum significantly decreased the glucose response to, and glycaemic index of, melawach in these diabetic subjects (P < 0.05). It also tended to decrease their insulinaemic response and insulinaemic index, but differences were not significant. Dietary fibre from lupin (Lupinus albus) and insoluble maize-cob fibre did not affect glucose and insulin levels in NIDDM volunteers. Subjects with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 exhibited similar glucose, but not insulin, responses to fibre. Locust-bean gum had no significant effect on glycaemic response in NIDDM subjects with a BMI > 30 kg/m2, whereas insulinaemic response decreased. The results indicate that foods containing the same nutrients in almost the same amounts, but differing in added dietary fibre, lead to different physiological responses in diabetic subjects. Furthermore, insulin response should be considered when fibre is incorporated into the diabetic's diet.
All trans-retinoic acid modulates hyperoxia-induced suppression of NF-kB-dependent Wnt signaling in alveolar A549 epithelial cells (2022)

Our findings support the idea that ATRA supplementation may decrease hyperoxia-induced disruption of the neonatal respiratory epithelium and alleviate development of BPD.
Optically Controlling the Emission Chirality of Microlasers (2019)

The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light, emerging in helical light beams, is an unbounded degree of freedom that appears very advantageous for applications ranging from optical manipulation [1] to classical and quantum information multiplexing [2-4]. In this context, coherent sources of light carrying OAM are extremely appealing. Right now, one of the main limitations of integrated lasers generating OAM is their lack of versatility, as they rely on engineering chiral resonators [5], thus imposing a unique, non-tailorable chirality of the emission, i.e. clockwise (+|L|) or counter-clockwise (-|L|). Here, we propose and demonstrate, using a fully integrated device, a novel scheme where the chirality of a lasing mode carrying OAM can be optically controlled.
Proton Batteries with Hydroponics Gel as Gel Polymer Electrolyte (2007)

A proton conductor gel polymer electrolyte based on hydroponics gels (HPG) mixed with ammonium nitrate was found to yield a very high electrical conductivity of . The optimized composition, i.e., the HPG- , was then used in our proton battery to make a system. The open-circuit voltage of the battery was during of storage. The battery obtained a capacity of and a maximum specific energy of .
ChemInform Abstract: Current and Novel Approaches to the Drug Treatment of Schizophrenia (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
자연실험을 이용한 인과관계분석의 유용성과 한계 ; 최저임금 인상의 고용효과 분석사례를 중심으로 (1996)

연구자의 인위적인 개입이 없이도 실험설계에서와 유사한 상황이 발생하는 자연실험(또는 준실험)은 사회과학 연구에서 인과관계 추론을 위한 좋은 기회를 제공한다. 그러나 자연실험은 연구자가 직접 개입하는 것이 아니고, 단지 관찰에 의한 `실험` 상황이 발생했으리라고 판단하는 것이므로 실제로는 실험집단과 통제집단의 무작위배정이 이루어지지 않았거나 원인변수를 제외한 외생변수의 영향이 두 집단에서 동일하지 않더라도 이를 발견하지 못할 수도 있다. 이 연구는 자연실험 상황을 이용하여 인과관계의 추론을 행할 때의 한계와 유용성에 대하여 미국의 최저임금 인상의 고용 효과에 대한 분석 사례를 통하여 논의한다. 먼저, 자연실험이 그릇된 판단을 가져올 수 있는 예로서 캘리포니아주에서 1988년에 독자적으로 최저임금을 인상한 사건을 이용하여 통제집단 사전사후 비교로 최저임금 인상의 고용효과를 추정한 카드의 연구의 타당성을 분석한다. 이를 통하여 최저임금 인상은 고용에 영향을 미치지 않는다는 그의 결론은 최저임금 인상 이전과 이후 사이의 경기상황이 실험·통제집단 사이에 달랐음을 간과하였기 때문에 타당성이 결여되었음을 보인다. 다음에는 자연실험의 유용성의 예로서 카드와 마찬가지로 캘리포니아의 최저임금 인상 사례를 이용하지만 고용에 영향을 미치는 제3의 변수의 영향을 배제할 수 있는 희귀모형식을 구성하고 그에 의한 추정에서는 최저임금의 인상이 뚜렷한 고용 감소효과를 가져옴을 보인다.
Investigation of plasma immersion ion implantation of nickel-titanium rod by multiple-grid particle-in-cell simulation (2008)

A multiple-grid-particle-in-cell numerical method has been developed. This method uses grids of different cell sizes and details are needed in only one part of the simulation region and not others. Hence, there are fewer nodes in the simulation thereby reduced computational time without sacrificing details. In the multiple-grid system, a phenomenon is identified to arise at the interface between two grids and a half-cell weighting method is utilized to solve the weighting issue at the boundary. It is shown that the expression of the change of momentum has no weighting function. This method is employed to numerically simulate the plasma immersion ion implantation process into a nickel titanium rod measuring 50mm long and 4.8mm in diameter used in orthopaedic surgery. To conduct more uniform implantation, the NiTi rod is elevated on the sample stage by a metal rod. The nitrogen implantation fluences and depth profiles are simulated and compared to experimental values determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Array CGH analysis of copy number variation identifies 1284 new genes variant in healthy white males: implications for association studies of complex diseases (2007)

The discovery of copy number variation in healthy individuals is far from complete, and owing to the resolution of detection systems used, the majority of loci reported so far are relatively large ( approximately 65%>10 kb). Applying a two-stage high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization approach to analyse 50 healthy Caucasian males from northern France, we discovered 2208 copy number variants (CNVs) detected by more than one consecutive probe. These clustered into 1469 CNV regions (CNVRs), of which 721 are thought to be novel. The majority of these are small (median size 4.4 kb) and most have common boundaries, with a coefficient of variation less than 0.1 for 83% of endpoints in those observed in multiple samples. Only 6% of the CNVRs analysed showed evidence of both copy number losses and gains at the same site. A further 6089 variants were detected by single probes: 48% of these were observed in more than one individual. In total, 2570 genes were seen to intersect variants: 1284 in novel loci. Genes involved in differentiation and development were significantly over-represented and approximately half of the genes identified feature in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database. The biological importance of many genes affected, along with the well-conserved nature of the majority of the CNVs, suggests that they could have important implications for phenotype and, thus, be useful for association studies of complex diseases.
Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in the skin of aneuploid fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (2003)

An abnormal amount of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans presumably contributes to increased nuchal translucency.