gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrospun Azido-PCL Nanofibers for Enhanced Surface Functionalization by Click Chemistry (2012)

This paper reports highly surface functionalized and "clickable" α,ω-azido-poly(ε-caprolactone) fibers (f-PCL-N(3)), obtained by classical electrospinning setup. Azide-functionalized PCL was obtained from a commercially available α,ω-poly(ε-caprolactone)-diol, PCL(2), and electrospun with a nonderivative high-molecular-weight PCL. Successful chemical modifications of PCL(2) were confirmed by NMR, FTIR and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The high content of surface azides, as a response to the high electric field applied, was characterized using a colorimetric assay. In addition, azide reduction to amines revealed a nondestructive route for highly amine-functionalized fibers. Fluorescence labeling of f-PCL-N(3) fibers with FITC-alkyne fluorophore proved that the azide groups are mainly surface-localized as well as highly available for click-chemistry coupling.
Evaluating Fairness Using Permutation Tests (2020)

Machine learning models are central to people's lives and impact society in ways as fundamental as determining how people access information. The gravity of these models imparts a responsibility to model developers to ensure that they are treating users in a fair and equitable manner. Before deploying a model into production, it is crucial to examine the extent to which its predictions demonstrate biases. This paper deals with the detection of bias exhibited by a machine learning model through statistical hypothesis testing. We propose a permutation testing methodology that performs a hypothesis test that a model is fair across two groups with respect to any given metric. There are increasingly many notions of fairness that can speak to different aspects of model fairness. Our aim is to provide a flexible framework that empowers practitioners to identify significant biases in any metric they wish to study. We provide a formal testing mechanism as well as extensive experiments to show how this method works in practice.
Multidisciplinary Difficult Airway Team Characteristics, Airway Securement Success, and Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review (2022)

Multidisciplinary difficult airway teams are associated with improved clinical outcomes compared to unstructured emergency airway management; however, studies have significant heterogeneity in team composition, algorithms for airway securement, and outcomes reported. Further evidence is necessary to define the clinical efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and best practices relating to implementing difficult airway teams in inpatient settings.
Noncollagenous Proteins Influencing the Local Mechanisms of Calcification (1985)

From the Mineralized Tissue Research Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Frontobasal Fractures (2015)

Frontobasal fractures occur in up to 24% of head injuries and often require a multidisciplinary approach. Besides the common bone fractures, the complex anatomy can cause damage to the sense of vision and smell. Further possibly lethal complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leak followed by meningitis or internal carotid bleeding can follow. Diagnostic and treatment options are reviewed with a focus on the endoscopic endonasal approach.
[Features of vitreomacular traction syndrome assessed with three-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography]. (2010)

SD OCT allows good visualization of the architectural morphology of the vitreous and retina in vitreomacular traction syndrome. It is useful and irreplaceable for the diagnosis and follow-up of VMT.
Conjugated linoleic acid and conjugated linolenic acid production by bifidobacteria. (2011)

There is great interest in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) isomers because of their supposed health-promoting properties. Therefore, the differences in production kinetics of CLA and CLNA isomers from linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (α-LNA), respectively, by bifidobacteria were investigated. Laboratory fermentations, supplemented with LA or α-LNA in the fermentation medium, were performed with Bifidobacterium bifidum LMG 10645, Bifidobacterium breve LMG 11040, B. breve LMG 11084, B. breve LMG 11613, B. breve LMG 13194, and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum LMG 11595. Conversion of LA and α-LNA to CLA and CLNA isomers, respectively, started immediately upon addition of the substrate fatty acids. During the active growth phase, the c9, t11-CLA isomer and the putative c9, t11, c15-CLNA isomer were formed. Further fermentation resulted in a reduction in the concentration of c9, t11-CLA and c9, t11, c15-CLNA and the subsequent production of the t9, t11-CLA isomer and the putative t9, t11, c15-CLNA isomer, respectively. Modelling of the growth and metabolite data indicated differences in production kinetics among the strains. Some strains displayed a high specific conversion of LA and α-LNA despite poor growth, whereas other strains grew well but displayed lower conversion. Production of specific CLA and CLNA isomers by bifidobacteria holds potential for the production of functional foods and could contribute to their probiotic properties.
Functionalized plasma polymer coatings for improved durability of aluminium-epoxy adhesive joints: fractography (2000)

The effectiveness of carboxylic acid functionalized plasma polymers (PPs) as adhesion promotion pretreatments for aluminium is investigated. Plasma polymers of acrylic acid have been deposited onto AA6016 aluminium alloy and subsequently bonded with an amine-hardened epoxy-based adhesive formulation to make single lap shear (SLS) joints. Bond durability was investigated by testing joints after storage in water at 60 °C for 1 week. A combination of tensile testing of the SLS joints and locus of failure determination, by transmission electron microscopy and imaging XPS, was used to assess the PP pretreatment performance relative to the commercially applied chromic acid anodizing process. All non-aged joints failed in the adhesive, but after ageing of the joints in water a reduced failure stress was measured and areas of failure near to the aluminium oxide surface were visible. The locus of failure was determined through comparison of transmission electron micrographs, of ultramicrotomed sections transverse to the fracture surface, and XPS images of the surface. Failure was identified at both the PP/aluminium oxide and the PP/adhesive interfaces. It is anticipated that further application of this fractography approach will facilitate the optimization of PP adhesion promotion pretreatments to improve on the promising results obtained in this initial study. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dendritic state (2005)

Historically, each of the three macromolecular architectural classes, i.e. (I) linear, (II) crosslinked, and (III) branched, has spawned rich polymer science. These architectural discoveries have been characterized by the emergence of new syntheses, structures, phenomena, properties, and products that have dramatically improved the human condition1. In the past five years, nanotechnology initiatives2 have focused on new synthesis strategies, structures, phenomena, and properties associated with length scales of 1–100 nm. These dimensions encompass biological building blocks (protein, DNA, RNA, etc.) and abiotic application areas (nanophotonics and nanoelectronics) (Fig. 1)2, 3, 4. This review will focus on an emerging, fourth class of architecture, ‘the dendritic state’, and its convergence with nanotechnology5, 6.
Enzyme kinetics and inhibition of histone acetyltransferase KAT8 (2015)

Lysine acetyltransferase 8 (KAT8) is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) responsible for acetylating lysine 16 on histone H4 (H4K16) and plays a role in cell cycle progression as well as acetylation of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Further studies on its biological function and drug discovery initiatives will benefit from the development of small molecule inhibitors for this enzyme. As a first step towards this aim we investigated the enzyme kinetics of this bi-substrate enzyme. The kinetic experiments indicate a ping-pong mechanism in which the enzyme binds Ac-CoA first, followed by binding of the histone substrate. This mechanism is supported by affinity measurements of both substrates using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Using this information, the KAT8 inhibition of a focused compound collection around the non-selective HAT inhibitor anacardic acid has been investigated. Kinetic studies with anacardic acid were performed, based on which a model for the catalytic activity of KAT8 and the inhibitory action of anacardic acid (AA) was proposed. This enabled the calculation of the inhibition constant Ki of anacardic acid derivatives using an adaptation of the Cheng-Prusoff equation. The results described in this study give insight into the catalytic mechanism of KAT8 and present the first well-characterized small-molecule inhibitors for this HAT.
Copper (I) Iodide-promoted Cyclization of Enaminones. Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-4-oxo-b-carbolines (1991)

Anions derived from the N-2-bromoaryl-substituted enaminones were found to undergo smooth cyclization to give 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-oxo-β-carbolines when heated with copper (I) iodide in hexamethylphosphoric triamide.
Injection of Multi-Azimuth Permeable Planes in Weakly Cemented Formations for Enhanced Heavy Oil-Recovery (2008)

Abstract Stimulation of weakly cemented formations is not the same fracturing process that occurs in hard rocks because the weak formations have minimal strength and basically zero fracture toughness. It has been demonstrated conclusively that vertical planes can be injected in weakly cemented formations with control of the plane's azimuth, and multiple planes can be injected at differing azimuths, both sequentially and simultaneously in a single well. Laboratory and near-surface experiments involving injection from a perforated casing have yielded random injected geometries that are not repeatable and do not develop a planar-injected feature. On the other hand, if the casing is dilated during the injection process, repeatable consistent vertical planar-injected geometries are formed with control of the azimuth of the injected planes. These experiments have been conducted in laboratories at numerous shallow-field sites involving excavation of the injections and at deeper field sites with the injected geometry determined by real-time imaging using the active resistivity method. The specialized casing system is conventionally drilled and cemented in place, sub-surface resistivity receivers installed, the casing dilated during injection, and the subsequent injected geometry imaged in real-time during the injection process. The application has field demonstrated both simultaneous and sequential multi-azimuth, vertical planar injections from a single casing horizon. The method has significant potential in soft rock formations for production enhancement in both shallow gas and shallow heavy oil reservoirs. This paper presents field injection experiments of multi-azimuth, injected, vertical planar geometries in a variety of weakly cemented formations and describes the application of the method to shallow petroleum soft rock reservoirs, especially for thermal and solvent recovery of heavy oil.
Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on NGF induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells (2014)

Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) affect various cellular processes and systems, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and metabolic pathways. The present study investigated ELF-MFs effect on nerve growth factor (NGF) induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells using proteomic applications to understand its role in the enhancement of neuronal differentiation. After 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF-MFs 5-day exposure on NGF induced PC12 cells, it was observed to increase neurite length as well as an increase in the number of neurite bearing cells. It was also discovered that there was a decrease in proliferation activity, which is associated with an increase in differentiated cells. Neuronal differentiation related mRNA levels and protein levels were increased in NGF induced PC12 cells. Compared with NGF induced group, ELF-MFs stimulated PC12 cells had different protein expression as measured with two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels. Consequently six differentially expressed spots were detected between the 2-DE maps, which were identified by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF LC/MS/MS) as: peripherin, neurosecretory protein nerve growth factor inducible (VGF8a) precursor, dnaK-type molecular chaperone sp72-ps1 (HSP72-psI), low molecular weight (Mr) phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase isoenzyme AcP1 (LMW-PTP/ACP1), Tubulin alpha-1A (TUBA1A) chain, outcome predictor in acute leukemia 1 homolog (OPA1L). The identification of these proteins provides clues to the mechanism of ELF-MFs stimulation on NGF induced PC12 cells that occur during neuronal differentiation and may contribute to the development novel treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
Circuit Path Grading Considering Layout, Process Variations, and Cross Talk (2017)

This chapter presents a novel pattern evaluation and selection procedure that results in high-quality tests for screening small-delay defects (SDDs). From the implementation of the proposed procedure on several benchmarks, this procedure can result in a pattern count as low as a traditional 1-detect pattern set and long-path sensitization and SDD detection similar to or even better than the N-detect or timing-aware pattern set. This procedure is capable of adding important design parameters, such as process variations, cross talk, power supply noise, and the like. The chapter processes variations and cross talk that are added in the pattern evaluation and selection procedure. It is assumed that delay variations on path segments were independent from each other. It was seen that the mean and variance of the delay of each path segment were bounded. There are millions of interconnect segments running in parallel in a design, with parasitic coupling capacitances between them, introducing crosstalk effects and the circuit delay.
The Cockpit as Multiple Activity System: A Computational Model for Understanding Situated Team Performance (2003)

The complex activity that takes place in airline cockpits is productively understood as cognitive action distributed across agents and technology. This article focuses on how the activities of crew members in a B-727 cockpit collectively constitute a functional unit of cognition-a team of cognitive agents who must be coordinated with each other and their task environment. The article addresses actual crew performance executing the Before Takeoff Checklist and applies a model previously developed for characterizing individual cognitive properties underlying use of multiprocess systems. The analysis reveals mechanisms that are interruption-tolerant and enable robust preflight verification of aircraft configuration.
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Disaccharides. I. Analysis of Disaccharides as Trimethylsilyl and Trifluoroacethyl Derivatives of Corresponding Alditols (1970)

Disaccharides in a mixture are reduced to the corresponding disaccharide alditols with sodium borohydride and analysis is performed as trimethylsilyl or trifluoroacethyl derivatives by gas chromatography. Trifluoroacetylation of carbohydrates with trifluoroacetic anhydride is accomplished in N, N-dimethylformamide in a few minutes at room temperature. Quantitative analysis in microscale is achieved both by the extraction of trimethylsilyl derivatives with n-hexane from the reaction mixture and by the use of an electron capture detector sensitive to TFA derivatives. Determination limits of 0.5μg of disaccharide as TMS derivative and 0.1 μg as TFA derivative are successfully achieved.
Heritability of Sugar Contents in Strawberry Fruit in the F1 Populations Using a Common Pollen Parent (2004)

The heritability values of sugar contents in strawberry fruit were estimated from the parent-offspring regression of seven F1 populations, obtained from a common pollen parent 'Toyonoka'. The estimated heritability values for total sugar, hexose (fructose plus glucose) and sucrose contents were 0.568, 1.153 and 0.004, respectively; high additive genetic effects were found in total sugar and hexose contents. Therefore, an optimum method for breeding strawberry cultivars that contain large amounts of sugar and hexose may be to use parental lines with high total sugar and hexose contents, and to select F1 individuals with high sugar contents. The low heritability of sucrose content in this experiment may be attributable to the cultural practices and environmental factors because harvesting strawberry fruits took a long time.
Distribution and ontogeny of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the rat brain (1994)

3 alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the brain is responsible for production of neuroactive tetrahydrosteroids that interact with the major inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor complexes. Distribution of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in different regions of the brain in rats was evaluated by activity assay and by Western immunoblotting using a monoclonal antibody against liver 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase as the probe. The olfactory bulb was found to contain the highest level of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, while moderate levels of the enzyme activity were found in other regions such as cerebellum, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and pituitary. Some activities were found in the rest of the brain such as amygdala, brain stem, caudate putamen, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, midbrain, and thalamus. The protein levels of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in different regions of the brain as detected by Western immunoblotting are comparable to those of the enzyme activity. No sexual dimorphism was found in either the concentration levels or the activities of the brain 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. At the time of birth, the rat brain already expresses a significant level of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; the levels of brain 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in rats continue to rise during the first week after their birth, and reach a plateau thereafter.
Emergence and spread of worldwide <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>clones among cystic fibrosis patients (2018)

These findings imply that individuals with CF can also be colonized with animal-related ST398 MRSA, and justify constant monitoring of staphylococcal colonization and identification of epidemic <i>S. aureus</i> clones in this group.
A 10-Year Evaluation of Nephrectomy for Extensive Renal-Cell Carcinoma (1966)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jan 1966A 10-Year Evaluation of Nephrectomy for Extensive Renal-Cell Carcinoma Matt M. Mims, Bart Christenson, Frederick C. Schlumberger, and Willard E. Goodwin Matt M. MimsMatt M. Mims More articles by this author , Bart ChristensonBart Christenson More articles by this author , Frederick C. SchlumbergerFrederick C. Schlumberger More articles by this author , and Willard E. GoodwinWillard E. Goodwin More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)63400-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1966 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byKavoussi L, Levine S, Kadmon D and Fair W (2018) Regression of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature ReviewJournal of Urology, VOL. 135, NO. 5, (1005-1007), Online publication date: 1-May-1986.Montie J, Stewart B, Straffon R, Banowsky L, Hewitt C and Montague D (2018) The Role of Adjunctive Nephrectomy in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell CarcinomaJournal of Urology, VOL. 117, NO. 3, (272-275), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1977.Vaughan E, Crosby I and Tegtmeyer C (2018) Nephroblastoma with Right Atrial Extension: Preoperative Diagnosis and ManagementJournal of Urology, VOL. 117, NO. 4, (530-533), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1977.Yazaki T, Tomita M, Akimoto M, Konjiki T, Kawai H, Kumazaki T and Asano G (2018) Linear Striated Vascular Pattern: Its Implication on a Renal Angiogram, Clinical Importance and Pathologic VerificationJournal of Urology, VOL. 116, NO. 6, (796-798), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1976. (2018) CommentJournal of Urology, VOL. 116, NO. 6, (798-798), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1976.Doolittle K (2018) Spontaneous Remission of Solitary Bony Metastasis After Removal of the Primary Kidney AdenocarcinomaJournal of Urology, VOL. 116, NO. 6, (803-804), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1976.McCoy R, Klatte E and Rhamy R (2018) Use of Inferior Venacavography in the Evaluation of Renal NeoplasmsJournal of Urology, VOL. 102, NO. 5, (556-559), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1969. Volume 95Issue 1January 1966Page: 10-15 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1966 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Matt M. Mims More articles by this author Bart Christenson More articles by this author Frederick C. Schlumberger More articles by this author Willard E. Goodwin More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Random lasing in unbounded dye-doped nematic liquid crystals (2016)

Random lasing in dye-doped nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) contained in a quartz cuvette was studied. With the pumping energy rising, random lasing with nonresonant feedback and resonant feedback emerge successively with the lasing threshold of 20 and 40 μJ, respectively. The lasing properties including fluctuation of the emission spectrum, divergence angle of emission, independence of the emission on the polarisation of the pump beam and the depolarisation of emission are distinct from those of dye-doped nematics confined in the sandwich structure cell or the capillary tube. The distinctions are associated with the thermal fluctuation of dielectric tensor since there is negligible surface anchoring for the nematics in the pump volume. This indicates that the anchoring state of NLCs is an important factor determining the random lasing properties.
Plasma Renin Activity: The Importance of Correct Sample Type (2015)

proBNP u 48 pg/mL (2 ). Assuming the CV a values of NT-proBNP u concentrations 48 pg/mL to be 3%, we calculated CV a values from NT-proBNP u QC samples analyzed in our laboratory in a single month. From the correlations between those CV a values and NT-proBNP u , the empirical CV a 119.67 (NT-proBNP u ) 1.0016 was derived. Subsequently, for NT-proBNP u of 5-48 pg/mL, CV a values were calculated with this formula. The CV a for creatinine u was 2%, as calculated from all QC samples. The RCV was calculated as RCV Z 2 0.5 [(CV a ) 2 /n a (CV i ) 2 /n s ] 0.5 , where Z is 1.96 (i.e., z-score for 95% CI), n a is the number of replicate assays, and n s is the number of patient samples needed to estimate each of the 2 homeostatic set points (n s 1) (4 ). The CV a values from NT-proBNP u QC samples were 12%, 15%, 3%, and 3% at mean values of 8, 10, 42, and 48 pg/mL, respectively.
Objective Meaning (2017)

We explore the presentation technique of visual abstraction as a form of mediation to manage content generated by the public in order to maintain a respectful discourse. We identify technological and social mediation as two dimensions within the space of content mediation, and discuss different solutions based on related work in public interactive displays and art installations. We further discuss a novel approach to technological mediation by describing our interactive artwork Objective Meaning - an installation that invites the audience to express themselves through anonymous text messages. The design of this system mediates discourse by visually abstracting the presentation of messages on a display by breaking messages apart into decontextualized words. We briefly discuss the public response during a one-month deployment of the installation in a library setting.