gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extruding Flow Characteristics of Solid-Liquid Mixture through Perforated Nozzle Plate (1972)

In this report, the extruding flow characteristics of solid-liquid mixture through perforated nozzle plate were investigated experimentally. Ram type extruders with nozzle plates, of which each has one to five circular holes in symmetrical arrangement, were used as the experimental equipments. The mixture of crushed silicate sand powder and lubricant oil was used as the sample of solid-liquid mixture.The relation between ram extruding pressure, P, and extruding velocity of the ram, V, are found to be linear with an apparent yield value of extruding pressure, Pya, as are shown in Figs. 3-6. It is also found that groups of flow lines have each of their virtual source point (Po, Vo), where all flow curves of a group meet together, as are shown in Figs. 3-6 when the number of hole, nN, is selected as a parameter. Using the ultimate limited value of extruding pressure, Po, and the virtual value of ram velocity, Vo, at the source point, we can obtain the expression of eq. 2, (V-Vo)=K(P-Po) … (2) of which one of the authors has proposed in the preceding report.The experimental results of Po and Vo are plotted against liquid content in Figs. 7 and 8, and the values of K are correlated with nozzle factors, total area of holes A and nozzle diameter DN, and the relation of eq. 9 is obtained, K/A2/3DNn=k31/μpl … (9) where the values of plastic viscosity μpl are measured with the viscometer shown in Fig. 10. In this, the factor of DNn shows the effect of nozzle diameter on the flowability of plastic flow by extrusion, and also reveals the fact that when the particle diameter is small enough, this mixture behaves as a fluid, but when it becomes larger, the phenomenon encountered in the discharging process of solid particles through orifice must be considered.The experimental equation of this extruding flow can be summarized in eq. 10 as follows (V-Vo)=k3nN2/3DN4/3+n/μpl(P-Po) … (10)
tRNA nucleotide 47: An evolutionary enigma (1998)

A previous analysis of tRNA sequences suggested a correlation between the absence of a nucleotide at position 47 (nt 47) in the extra loop and the presence of a U13:G22 base pair in the D-stem. We have evaluated the significance of this correlation by determining the in vivo activity of tRNAs containing either a C13:G22 or a U13:G22 pair in tRNA molecules with or without nt 47. Although this correlation might reflect some malfunction of tRNAs lacking nt 47, but containing the C13:G22, assays of the in vivo suppressor activity showed that this tRNA is actually more active than the tRNA with the features found in the database, i.e., a U13:G22 base pair and no nt 47. Moreover, analogous constructs with a GGC anticodon permitted the growth of an Escherichia coli strain deleted for tRNA(Ala)GGC genes equally well. On the other hand, long-term growth experiments with competing E. coli strains harboring the tRNA lacking nt 47, either with the C13:G22 or the U13:G22 base pair demonstrated that the U13:G22 tRNA overtook the C13:G22 strain even when the starting proportion of strains favored the C13:G22 strain. Thus, the preference for the U13:G22 tRNA lacking nt 47 in the sequence database is most likely due to factors that come into play during extended growth or latency rather than to the ability of the tRNA to engage in protein synthesis.
MAGE, BAGE andGAGE gene expression in human rhabdomyosarcomas (2001)

MAGE, BAGE and GAGE genes encode tumor-associated antigens that are presented by HLA class I molecules and recognized by CD8(+) cytolytic T lymphocytes. These antigens are currently regarded as promising targets for active, specific tumor immunotherapy because MAGE, BAGE and GAGE genes are expressed in many human cancers of different histotype and are silent in normal tissues, with the exception of spermatogonia and placental cells. MAGE, BAGE and GAGE gene expression has been extensively studied in different tumors of adults but is largely unknown in many forms of pediatric solid cancer. Using RT-PCR, we analyzed MAGE-1, MAGE-2, MAGE-3, MAGE-4, MAGE-6, BAGE, GAGE-1,-2 or -8 and GAGE-3,-4,-5,-6 or -7b gene expression in 31 samples of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma, the most frequent form of malignant soft tissue tumor in children. MAGE genes were expressed in a substantial proportion of patients (MAGE-1, 38%; MAGE-2, 51%; MAGE-3, 35%; MAGE-4, 22%; MAGE-6, 35%), while expression of BAGE (6%); GAGE-1, GAGE-2 and GAGE-8 (9%); and GAGE-3, GAGE-4, GAGE-5, GAGE-6 and GAGE-7B (16%) was less frequent. Overall, 58% of tumors expressed at least 1 gene, and 35% expressed 3 or more genes simultaneously. Our data suggest that a subset of rhabdomyosarcoma patients could be eligible for active, specific immunotherapy directed against MAGE, BAGE and GAGE antigens.
Thermal-aware test scheduling for NOC-based 3D integrated circuits (2013)

A 3D stacked network-on-chip (NOC) promises the integration of a large number of cores in a many-core system-on-chip (SOC). The NOC can be used to test the embedded cores in such SOCs, whereby the added cost of dedicated test-access hardware can be avoided. However, a potential problem associated with a 3D NOC-based test access is the emergence of hotspots due to stacking and the high toggle rates associated with structural test patterns used for manufacturing test. High temperatures and hotspots can lead to the failure of good parts, resulting in yield loss. We describe a thermal-driven test scheduling method to avoid hotspots, whereby the full NOC bandwidth is used to deliver test packets. Test delivery is carried out using a new unicast-based multicast scheme. Experimental results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method in reducing test time under thermal constraints.
3-(3-Pyrrolyl)thiopyrrolidones as precursors of benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b']dipyrroles. Synthesis of structures related to the phosphodiesterase inhibitors PDE-I and PDE-II (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-(3-Pyrrolyl)thiopyrrolidones as precursors of benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b']dipyrroles. Synthesis of structures related to the phosphodiesterase inhibitors PDE-I and PDE-IIRichard J. Sundberg and Bradley C. PearceCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 4, 425–432Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00204a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00204a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views625Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient evaluation of layered medium doubly periodic Green's function (2014)

A novel approach to evaluate the doubly periodic Greens function for layered medium in matrix-friendly formulation is proposed, which takes advantages of factorization of the spectral Green's function, approximates a smooth part of it accurately, and then exploits high order asymptotic extraction techniques. The approach is fast and accurate for all ranges of distances between the source and observation points, and also allows fast frequency sweep for calculating Brillouin diagram in eigenvalue problem and for normal incidence in scattering problem. Numerical examples are presented to show the efficiency of the approach.
Communications and High-Precision Positioning (CHP2): Cycle Slip Trellis Trimming Algorithm (2021)

Limited spectral resources and increasing demand for diverse RF applications limit the capabilities of modern RF systems. Recent results in the field of RF Convergence demonstrate that these limitations may be overcome by adopting co-operative and co-design techniques. We designed the Communications and High-Precision Positioning (CHP2) system to provide positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) and communications services in congested environments with limited spectral access. This system leverages modern two-way ranging (TWR) techniques to provide sub-centimeter ranging precision to flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) in GPS denied environments with only 10 MHz bandwidth. In this study, we extend the CHP2 TWR algorithm to improve robustness against carrier-phase range ambiguities, commonly referred to as “cycle slips”. We propose a resolution method in conjunction with joint distributed coherence and time-of-flight (ToF) tracking to mitigate these ambiguities, with a structure similar to a time-sensitive Viterbi trellis. The proposed “trellis trimming” method measures the likelihood of multiple ranging hypotheses and eliminates paths of least likeliness using Bayesian filters. We demonstrate that this method reduces the probability of incorrectly choosing range ambiguities and significantly improves ranging performance in low-SNR regimes where cycle slips are common.
The Search for Chemical Bait Toxicants (2019)

Delayed-action toxicants are difficult to obtain because this type of toxicity runs counter to standard synthesis programs that seek chemicals that kill very fast. The first studies with bait toxicants for fire ant control were conducted by Travis against Solenopsisgeminata. Further studies with protoxicants and pendent toxicants seem warranted but the research is expensive and time-consuming. Three new classes of chemicals were discovered that exhibited good delayed toxicity: amidinohydrazones, phenylenediamines, and fluorinated sulfones. Vander Meer et al. suggested four possible controlled release techniques: matrix-bound toxicants, microencapsulation, modification of toxicant structure, and attachment of insecticides to polymers. Any toxic chemicals that produced delayed toxicity over a tenfold dosage range were re-evaluated as baits with queen right colonies. Development of a commercial bait formulation is in progress, and a request for registration from Environmental Protection Agency has been submitted by the developer, Maag Agro-Chemicals, Vero Beach, Florida.
Electric-field–temperature phase diagram of the ferroelectric relaxor system (1 − x)Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 − xBaTiO3 doped with manganese (2014)

The electric-field–temperature phase diagram for the lead-free relaxor material (1 − x)(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 − xBaTiO3 (x = 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09) doped with 0.5 mol% Mn (BNT-100xBT:Mn) was established. Transition lines between ergodic or nonergodic relaxor states and the field-induced ferroelectric state were determined at constant temperatures with electric-field-dependent measurements of the polarization as well as of the piezoelectric coefficient and permittivity. Near the depolarization temperature Td, the switching between two ferroelectric poling directions occurs in two steps via an intermediate relaxor state. This effect is closely related to the pinching of the ferroelectric hysteresis loop.
Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activity of Rare Substituted 1,2,3-Thiaselenazoles and Corresponding Matched Pair 1,2,3-Dithiazoles (2020)

We report our investigations into the underlying differences between 1,2,3-dithiazole and their ultra-rare counterpart, 1,2,3-thiaselenazole. This rare 1,2,3-thiaselenazole chemotype was afforded by sulfur extrusion and selenium insertion into the preconstructed 1,2,3-dithiazoles. We built a library of matched paired compounds to compare and contrast the two ring systems. This led to the development of both narrow and broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds with sub-micro molar potency, limited to no toxicity and a further understanding of the transition state electronics through molecular simulations. We also identified the potent 4,5,6-trichlorocyclopenta[<i>d</i>][1,2,3]thiaselenazole <b>11</b><b>a</b>, for use against <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Cryptococcus neoformans var.</i> <i>grubii</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Acinetobacter</i> <i>baumannii</i>, all of which have limited clinical treatment options. The 1,2,3-thiaselenazole represents a new class of potential compounds for the treatment of a host of multi-resistant hospital derived infections.
Nonhalogenated Surface-Active Ionic Liquid as an Electrolyte for Supercapacitors (2021)

We report a nonhalogenated surface-active ionic liquid (SAIL) that consists of the surface-active anion 2-ethylhexyl sulfate and the tetraoctylammonium cation ([N8,8,8,8][EHS]). We explored the thermal and electrochemical properties, i.e., degradation, melting and crystallization temperatures, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical potential window of neat SAIL and its binary mixture with acetonitrile. This SAIL was tested as an electrolyte in a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based supercapacitor at various temperatures from 298 to 373 K. In addition, we also tested the binary mixture of SAIL with acetonitrile as an electrolyte at lower temperatures (253–298 K). The electrochemical performance of SAIL and the SAIL/acetonitrile binary mixture as a function of temperature was compared with that of a standard electrolyte, an aqueous solution of 6 M KOH, in the same MWCNT-based supercapacitor. The solution resistance (Rs), charge transfer resistance (Rct), and equivalent series resistance (ESR) decreased with an increase in temperature for all SAIL-based electrolytes. We found that the supercapacitor cell with SAIL as an electrolyte has a high specific capacitance (Celec in F g–1), a high energy density (E in Wh kg–1), and a high power density (in W kg–1) compared to those for the binary mixture of SAIL with acetonitrile and for the 6 M KOH aqueous electrolytes, particularly at elevated temperatures. For the SAIL/MWCNT-based supercapacitor, Celec increased from 75 F g–1 at 298 K to 169 F g–1 at 373 K, whereas the energy density increased from 42 Wh kg–1 (at 298 K) to 94 Wh kg–1 (at 373 K) and the power density increased from 75 kW kg–1 (at 298 K) to 169 kW kg–1 (at 373 K) at a scan rate of 2 mV s–1 (potential window = 4 V). This study reveals that SAIL can potentially be used as an electrolyte for high-temperature electrochemical applications for energy storage devices.
Maleimido Derivatives of Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid and Triethylenetetraaminehexaacetic Acid:  Their Synthesis and Potential for Specific Conjugation with Biomolecules (1996)

Immunoconjugates sometimes suffer changes in immunoreactivity and tumor targeting because the chelators used interfere with antigen binding. To try to circumvent such problems, two new homobifunctional chelating agents, 2,6-bis[p-[(beta-maleimidopropionyl) amino]benzyl]diethylenetriamine- N,N,N',N",N"-pentaacetic acid (MPBz-DTPA) and 2,9-bis [p-(beta-maleimidopropionyl)amino]benzyl] triethylenetetraamine-N,N,N',N',N",N"-hexaacetic acid (MPBz-TTHA), were synthesized for chelation of 111In and 90Y metal ions. Each of the new chelators contains two maleimido functional groups substituted at the carbon backbone. In this study, the overall chemical yields for MPBz-DTPA and MPBz-TTHA were approximately 5 and 4%, respectively. The intermediate and final compounds were purified by flash chromatography and fully characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Chemical modification of the maleimido group on each of these derivatives allowed specific conjugation with a sulfhydryl group at the hinge region of an antibody molecule and conjugation with other peptides. For instance, the two Fab' fragments, through their hinge-region sulfhydryl groups, could covalently attach to a homobifunctional chelator via thioether linkage to generate a Fab'-S-chelator-S-Fab' immunoconjugate. By design, immunoconjugates containing these new chelators will contain only one chelator derivative at a known region of antibody away from the antigen binding site. Consequently, these chelators may minimize changes in the immunoreactivity and improve tumor targeting of immunoconjugates that contain them.
Design, Modeling, and Characterization of Embedded Capacitor Networks for Core Decoupling in the Package (2007)

Embedded passives are gaining in importance due to the reduction in size of electronic products. Capacitors pose the biggest challenge for integration in packages due to the large capacitance required for decoupling high performance circuits. Surface mount discrete (SMD) capacitors become ineffective charge providers above 100 MHz due to the increased effect of loop inductance. This paper focuses on the importance of embedded capacitors above this frequency. Modeling, measurements, and model to hardware correlation of these capacitors are shown. Design and modeling of embedded capacitor arrays for decoupling processors in the midfrequency band (100 MHz-2 GHz) is also highlighted in this paper.
Active Sperm Production after Cancer Chemotherapy with Doxorubicin (1983)

The sperm production of 14 cancer patients who received doxorubicin was examined after cessation of therapy. Doxorubicin was used in several multiple-drug protocols for the treatment of various malignancies. Seven patients also received radiotherapy to different sites. Total cumulative doses of doxorubicin ranged from 145 to 625 mg./m.2. Sperm concentration, motility, morphology and the frequency of quinacrine-stained sperm with 2 fluorescent bodies (2F sperm) were measured 7 to 79 months after discontinuation of doxorubicin. Of the patients 6 remained azoospermic, 3 were oligospermic and 5 were normospermic. Sperm motility among the 8 patients with sperm ranged from 20 to 80 per cent. Morphology and 2F sperm distributions were not significantly different from controls. We conclude that, in contrast with the mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone protocol, active sperm production within relatively short recovery times is possible after treatment with protocols that include doxorubicin.
Air Charge Estimation in Camless Engines (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An electromechanically driven valve train offers unprecedented flexibility to optimize engine operation for each speed load point individually. One of the main benefits is the increased fuel economy resulting from unthrottled operation. The absence of a restriction at the entrance of the intake manifold leads to wave propagation in the intake system and makes a direct measurement of air flow with a hot wire air meter unreliable. To deliver the right amount of fuel for a desired air-fuel ratio, we therefore need an open loop estimate of the air flow based on measureable or commanded signals or quantities. This paper investigates various expressions for air charge in camless engines based on quasi-static assumptions for heat transfer and pressure.&lt;/div&gt;
On the role of cutaneous force in teleoperation: subtracting kinesthesia from complete haptic feedback (2013)

A study on the role of cutaneous and kinesthetic force feedback in teleoperation is presented. Cutaneous cues provide less transparency than kinesthetic force feedback but they do not affect the stability of the teleoperation system. On the other hand, kinesthesia provides a realistic illusion of telepresence but it affects the stability of the haptic loop. Several well-established control techniques ensure a stable interaction by scaling down force feedback as and when required, in order to satisfy the controller stability conditions (e.g., passivity). We here discuss the feasibility of a novel approach to improve the realism of the haptic rendering while preserving its stability: can cutaneous stimuli be employed to compensate for the lack of kinesthetic feedback required to guarantee the stability of the teleoperation loop? We carried out two experiments to evaluate the role of cutaneous cues in teleoperation and the performance improvement rate when compensating a lack of kinesthesia with cutaneous force. Results showed improved performance while employing the aforementioned compensation technique and a high comfort in using the proposed system.
Current-controlled negative-resistance behaviour and memory switching in bulk As-Te-Se glasses (1994)

The current-voltage characteristics and electrical switching behaviour of bulk AsxTe100-x-ySey glasses have been investigated over a wide composition range (25<or=x<or=60;10<or=y<or=25). Most of the glasses studied have been found to exhibit a current-controlled negative-resistance behaviour with memory. A sharp switching is observed in the glass of composition As50Te30Se20. A strong dependence of the switching fields on composition, which resembles the variation of crystallization temperatures with x, has been noticed. Further, a current pulse of 100 mA amplitude and 10 mu s duration is found to re-set the memory-switched As-Te-Se glasses to the original high-resistance state. The sample can be made to switch again, with +or-2% variation in the switching fields. This indicates the possible application of these materials in 'read mostly' memories.
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome in a patient on hemodialysis for rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. (1995)

症例は59歳男性, 急速進行性腎炎により1990年3月より血液透析療法を施行している. 透析開始2年後より, 右眼痛を伴った眼球運動障害を示した. 脳血管造影で右内頸動脈の海綿静脈洞領域の狭窄を呈し, Tolosa-Hunt症候群を疑い, ステロイド薬投与し, 疼痛および脳神経障害の改善を認めた. 最近, Tolosa-Hunt症候群と血管炎との関連を示唆する報告もあり, 本例は興味深い症例と考えられた. 血液透析導入の原疾患が急速進行性腎炎であったこと, 以前肺出血の既往もあり, Wegener肉芽腫症の部分症として, Tolosa-Hunt症候群を示した可能性が考えられた.
Found a Reason for me? Weakly-supervised Grounded Visual Question Answering using Capsules (2021)

The problem of grounding VQA tasks has seen an increased attention in the research community recently, with most attempts usually focusing on solving this task by using pretrained object detectors. However, pre-trained object detectors require bounding box annotations for detecting relevant objects in the vocabulary, which may not always be feasible for real-life large-scale applications. In this paper, we focus on a more relaxed setting: the grounding of relevant visual entities in a weakly supervised manner by training on the VQA task alone. To address this problem, we propose a visual capsule module with a query-based selection mechanism of capsule features, that allows the model to focus on relevant regions based on the textual cues about visual information in the question. We show that integrating the proposed capsule module in existing VQA systems significantly improves their performance on the weakly supervised grounding task. Overall, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on two state-of-the-art VQA systems, stacked NMN and MAC, on the CLEVR-Answers benchmark, our new evaluation set based on CLEVR scenes with groundtruth bounding boxes for objects that are relevant for the correct answer, as well as on GQA, a real world VQA dataset with compositional questions. We show that the systems with the proposed capsule module consistently outperform the respective baseline systems in terms of answer grounding, while achieving comparable performance on VQA task. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>