gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Type 12 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase, an Isoform of Type 3 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Responsible for Estradiol Formation in Women (2005)

A novel 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) chronologically named type 12 17beta-HSD (17beta-HSD12), that transforms estrone (E1) into estradiol (E2) was identified by sequence similarity with type 3 17beta-HSD (17beta-HSD3) that catalyzes the formation of testosterone from androstenedione in the testis. Both are encoded by large genes spanning 11 exons, most of them showing identical size. Using human embryonic kidney-293 cells stably expressing 17beta-HSD12, we have found that the enzyme catalyzes selectively and efficiently the transformation of E1 into E2, thus identifying its role in estrogen formation, in contrast with 17beta-HSD3, the enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the androgen testosterone in the testis. Using real-time PCR to quantify mRNA in a series of human tissues, the expression levels of 17beta-HSD12 as well as two other enzymes that perform the same transformation of E1 into E2, namely type 1 17beta-HSD and type 7 17beta-HSD, it was found that 17beta-HSD12 mRNA is the most highly expressed in the ovary and mammary gland. To obtain a better understanding of the structural basis of the difference in substrate specificity between 17beta-HSD3 and 17beta-HSD12, we have performed tridimensional structure modelization using the coordinates of type 1 17beta-HSD and site-directed mutagenesis. The results show the potential role of bulky amino acid F234 in 17beta-HSD12 that blocks the entrance of androstenedione. Overall, our results strongly suggest that 17beta-HSD12 is the major estrogenic 17beta-HSD responsible for the conversion of E1 to E2 in women, especially in the ovary, the predominant source of estrogens before menopause.
Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Properties of Flatback Airfoils (2008)

Abstract not provided.
Measurement of cardiomyocyte diameter in the isolated rat heart using diffusion-weighted 'H-MRS: Changes with ischaemia (2000)

Methods General Hearts from rats with a mean body weight of 345 f 24 g (n = 9) were excised and perfused in the Langendorff mode with modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 5 mM acetate, 1.8 mM pyruvate and 0.2 mM lactate as substrates. A watersuppressed slice-selective STEAM sequence was used with a TE of 20 111s. The ADC of intracellular taurine was obtained from a 3 mm axial slice through the ventricles. Myocyte diameter in theperjiued heart One group of hearts (n = 5) was used for the measurement of the average cardiomyocyte diameter during KCl-arrest perfusion. The water-suppressed slice-selective STEAM sequence was used with a TR of 4 s, and 17 TMs ranging from 40-1500 ms. The T, of taurine was sufficiently long to obtain adequate signal, even at a TM of 1500 ms (data not shown). Five b-values were used with the strength of the diffusion gradients adjusted such to yield similar b-values at each TM time, generally ranging from 9-1466 s/mm’. Myocyte diameter in the ischaemic heart The second group of hearts (n = 4) was used to measure the ADC of taurine after 30 min of total global ischaemia. Two measurements were performed with mixiug times of 40 ms and
LiDAR-Camera Calibration Under Arbitrary Configurations: Observability and Methods (2019)

LiDAR-camera calibration is a precondition for many multi-sensor systems that fuse data from LiDAR and camera. However, the constraint from common field of view and the requirement for time synchronization make the calibration a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a novel LiDAR-camera calibration method aiming to eliminate these two constraints. Specifically, we capture a scan of 3-D LiDAR when both the environment and the sensors are stationary, then move the camera to reconstruct the 3-D environment using the sequentially obtained images. Finally, we align 3-D visual points to the laser scan based on a tightly couple graph optimization method to calculate the extrinsic parameter between LiDAR and camera. Under this design, the configuration of these two sensors is free from the common field-of-view constraint due to the extended view from the moving camera. In addition, we also eliminate the requirement for time synchronization as we only use the single scan of laser data when the sensors are stationary. We theoretically derive the conditions of minimal observability for our method and prove that the accuracy of calibration is improved by collecting more observations from multiple scattered calibration targets. In addition, the proposed method is beneficial to not only plane measurement error-based calibration targets, such as chessboards, but also other point measurement error-based calibration targets, such as boxes and polygonal boards. We validate our method on both simulation and real-world data sets. Experiments show that our method achieves higher accuracy than other comparable methods, which is in accordance with our theoretical analysis.
Super Interferometric Range Resolution (2023)

We probe the fundamental underpinnings of range resolution in coherent remote sensing. We use a novel class of self-referential interference functions to show that we can greatly improve upon currently accepted bounds for range resolution. We consider the range resolution problem from the perspective of single-parameter estimation of amplitude versus the traditional temporally resolved paradigm. We define two figures of merit: (i) the minimum resolvable distance between two depths and (ii) for temporally subresolved peaks, the depth resolution between the objects. We experimentally demonstrate that our system can resolve two depths greater than 100× the inverse bandwidth and measure the distance between two objects to approximately 20 μm (35 000 times smaller than the Rayleigh-resolved limit) for temporally subresolved objects using frequencies less than 120 MHz radio waves.
Universal, ubiquitous, user-interface design for the disabled and elderly (2003)

User-interface design seeks to improve all human-computer communication and interaction. Increasingly, challenges for the disabled and elderly must be met. Experience gained can help solve fundamental challenges for the general population of users. A recent international conference in Japan, "Universal Design," catalogues both the accomplishments and work to be done in this worldwide arena.
Brief paper Robust output feedback model predictive control of constrained linear systems (2006)

This paper provides a solution to the problem of robust output feedback model predictive control of constrained, linear, discrete-time systems in the presence of bounded state and output disturbances. The proposed output feedback controller consists of a simple, stable Luenberger state estimator and a recently developed, robustly stabilizing, tube-based, model predictive controller. The state estimation error is bounded by an invariant set. The tube-based controller ensures that all possible realizations of the state trajectory lie in a simple uncertainty tube the ‘center’ of which is the solution of a nominal (disturbance-free) system and the ‘cross-section’ of which is also invariant. Satisfaction of the state and input constraints for the original system is guaranteed by employing tighter constraint sets for the nominal system. The complexity of the resultant controller is similar to that required for nominal model predictive control. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Broadband Imaging to Study the Spectral Distribution of Meteor Radio Afterglows (2021)

Abstract We present observations of 86 meteor radio afterglows (MRAs) using the new broadband imager at the Long Wavelength Array Sevilleta (LWA‐SV) station. The MRAs were detected using the all‐sky images with a bandwidth up to 20 MHz. We fit the spectra with both a power law and a log‐normal function. When fit with a power law, the spectra varied from flat to steep and the derived spectral index distribution from the fit peaked at −1.73. When fit with a log‐normal function, the spectra exhibits turnovers at frequencies between 30 and 40 MHz, and appear to be a better functional fit to the spectra. We compared the spectral parameters from the two fitting methods with the physical properties of MRAs. We observe a weak correlation between the log‐normal turnover frequency and the altitude of MRAs. The spectral indices from the power law fit do not show any strong correlations with the physical properties of MRAs. However, the full width half maximum (FWHM) duration of MRAs is correlated with the local time, incidence angle, luminosity and optically derived kinetic energy of parent meteoroid. Also, the average luminosity of MRAs seems to be correlated with the kinetic energy of parent meteoroid and the altitude at which they occur.
Study of Active Filters Topologies for Telecommunications Applications (2010)

The scope of this thesis is to propose solutions to improve the performances of the CMOS transistor only simulated inductors (TOSI) aiming RF filtering applications. We are interested in TOSI architectures because they prove better performances than the classical gm–C filters, being superior with respect to the number of transistors, power consumption, frequency capability and chip area. Furthermore, TOSI architectures have many potential applications in RF design. In the general context of the multi–standard trend followed by wireless transceivers, TOSI based RF filters may offer the possibility of implementing reconfigurable devices. However, satisfying the telecommunications requirements is not an easy task therefore high order TOSI based filters should be implemented. Consequently, using good second order TOSI cells is a matter of the utmost importance and we propose a novel quality factor tuning principle which offers an almost independent tuning of self resonant frequency and quality factor for simulated inductors. An improved TOSI architecture with increased frequency capability is also reported.
Smell impairment. Can it be reversed? (1995)

Patients who have lost the sense of smell usually come to a doctor on their own, reporting loss of the sense of taste. Inflammation (often due to allergy), viral infection, and head trauma are common causes of olfactory disturbance. History taking may provide clues to these and other problems (eg, toxin exposure, congenital dysosmia). Workup should not begin until a standardized test has been given that established impairment of the sense of smell. The only truly reversible cause is inflammation, which is confirmed when smell returns after a course of corticosteroid. Sinus computed tomography is necessary to view the olfactory cleft; lack of obstruction indicates that smell impairment is nonreversible. Patients deserve an explanation for their disorder and a prognosis. If restoration of their sense of smell is unlikely, patients should be cautioned to take steps to ensure safety in regard to such dangers as gas leaks, smoke, and spoiled foods.
Alkyl- and arylpentacarbonyltungsten anions (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkyl- and arylpentacarbonyltungsten anionsCharles P. Casey, Stanley W. Polichnowski, and Ronald L. AndersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 25, 7375–7376Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00858a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00858a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Exploiting Serial Access and Asymmetric Read/Write of Domain Wall Memory for Area and Energy-Efficient Digital Signal Processor Design (2015)

In many digital signal processing (DSP) applications, static random access memory (SRAM) based embedded memory and flip-flop based shift registers consume a significant portion of area and power. These DSP units are dominated by sequential memory access where SRAM-based memory or flip-flop based shift registers are inefficient in terms of area and power. We propose spintronic domain wall memory (DWM) based embedded memories for DSP building blocks such as survivor-path memories and last-in first-out (LIFO) in Viterbi decoder, first-in-first-out (FIFO) register files in FFT processor and bitonic sorter, and input register of distributed arithmetic (DA) based FIR filter that exploit the unique serial access mechanism, non-volatility and small footprint of the memory for area and power saving. Simulations using 65 nm technology show that the DWM based design achieves significant area and power savings over the conventional SRAM and spin-transfer-torque RAM (STTRAM) based design approach. For 8 k-point FFT processor and Viterbi decoder, the DWM-based design shows 60.6% (8.4%) and 66.4% ( -1.7%) area and 60.3% (44.3%) and 60.0% (37.8%) power savings over the conventional SRAM (STTRAM) based design, respectively. For DA-based FIR filter, it achieves 15.7% area and 15.5% power savings over shift register based design.
Low Temperature Promotes Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Related Gene Expression in the Seedlings of Purple Head Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) (2020)

To elucidate the effect of low temperature on anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple head Chinese cabbage, we analyzed anthocyanin accumulation and related gene expression in the seedlings of purple head Chinese cabbage, white head parent Chinese cabbage, and its purple male parent under a normal 25 °C temperature and a low 12 °C temperature. Anthocyanin accumulation in purple lines was strongly induced by low temperature, and the total anthocyanin content of seedlings was significantly enhanced. In addition, nearly all phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway genes (PMPGs) were down-regulated, some early biosynthesis genes (EBGs) were up-regulated, and nearly all late biosynthesis genes (LBGs) directly involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis showed higher expression levels in purple lines after low-temperature induction. Interestingly, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) gene '<i>BrMYB2</i>' and a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) regulatory gene '<i>BrTT8</i>' were highly up-regulated in purple lines after low temperature induction, and two negative regulatory genes '<i>BrMYBL2.1</i>' and '<i>BrLBD38.2</i>' were up-regulated in the white line. <i>BrMYB2</i> and <i>BrTT8</i> may play important roles in co-activating the anthocyanin structural genes in purple head Chinese cabbage after low-temperature induction, whereas down-regulation of <i>BrMYB2</i> and up-regulation of some negative regulators might be responsible for white head phenotype formation. Data presented here provide new understanding into the anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanism during low temperature exposure in <i>Brassica</i> crops.
SEXTANT - Station Explorer for X-ray Timing and Navigation Technology (2015)

The Station Explorer for X-ray Timing and Navigation Technology (SEXTANT) is a technology demonstration enhancement to the Neutron-star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) mission, which is scheduled to launch in late 2016 and will be hosted as an externally attached payload on the International Space Station (ISS) via the ExPRESS Logistics Carrier (ELC). During NICER's 18-month baseline science mission to understand ultra-dense matter though observations of neutron stars in the soft X-ray band, SEXTANT will, for the first-time, demonstrate real-time, on-board X-ray pulsar navigation, which is a significant milestone in the quest to establish a GPS-like navigation capability that will be available throughout our Solar System and beyond. Along with NICER, SEXTANT has proceeded through Phase B, Mission Definition, and received numerous refinements in concept of operation, algorithms, flight software, ground system, and ground test capability. NICER/SEXTANT's Phase B work culminated in NASA's confirmation of NICER to Phase C, Design and Development, in March 2014. Recently, NICER/SEXTANT successfully passed its Critical Design Review and SEXTANT received continuation approval in September 2014. In this paper, we describe the X-ray pulsar navigation concept and provide a brief history of previous work, and then summarize the SEXTANT technology demonstration objective, hardware and software components, and development to date.
Multiparametric determination of genes and their point mutations for identification of beta-lactamases (2010)

More than half of all currently used antibiotics belong to the beta-lactam group, but their clinical effectiveness is severely limited by antibiotic resistance of microorganisms that are the causative agents of infectious diseases. Several mechanisms for the resistance of Enterobacteriaceae have been established, but the main one is the enzymatic hydrolysis of the antibiotic by specific enzymes called beta-lactamases. Beta-lactamases represent a large group of genetically and functionally different enzymes of which extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) pose the greatest threat. Due to the plasmid localization of the encoded genes, the distribution of these enzymes among the pathogens increases every year. Among ESBLs the most widespread and clinically relevant are class A ESBLs of TEM, SHV, and CTX-M types. TEM and SHV type ESBLs are derived from penicillinases TEM-1, TEM-2, and SHV-1 and are characterized by several single amino acid substitutions. The extended spectrum of substrate specificity for CTX-M beta-lactamases is also associated with the emergence of single mutations in the coding genes. The present review describes various molecular-biological methods used to identify determinants of antibiotic resistance. Particular attention is given to the method of hybridization analysis on microarrays, which allows simultaneous multiparametric determination of many genes and point mutations in them. A separate chapter deals with the use of hybridization analysis on microarrays for genotyping of the major clinically significant ESBLs. Specificity of mutation detection by means of hybridization analysis with different detection techniques is compared.
An engineered liver glycogen phosphorylase with AMP allosteric activation (1991)

Liver and muscle glycogen phosphorylases, which are products of distinct genes, are both activated by covalent phosphorylation, but in the unphosphorylated (b) state, only the muscle isozyme is efficiently activated by the allosteric activator AMP. The different responsiveness of the phosphorylase isozymes to allosteric ligands is important for the maintenance of tissue and whole body glucose homeostasis. In an attempt to understand the structural determinants of differential sensitivity of the muscle and liver isozymes to AMP, we have developed a bacterial expression system for the liver enzyme, allowing native and engineered proteins to be expressed and characterized. Engineering of the single amino acid substitutions Thr48Pro, Met197Thr and the double mutant Thr48Pro, Met197Thr in liver phosphorylase, and Pro48Thr in muscle phosphorylase, did not qualitatively change the response of the two isozymes to AMP. These sites had previously been implicated in the configuration of the AMP binding site. However, when nine amino acids among the first 48 in liver phosphorylase were replaced with the corresponding muscle phosphorylase residues (L1M2-48L49-846), the engineered liver enzyme was activated by AMP to a higher maximal activity than native liver phosphorylase. Interestingly, the homotropic cooperativity of AMP binding was unchanged in the engineered phosphorylase b protein, and heterotropic cooperativity between the glucose-1-phosphate and AMP sites was only slightly enhanced. The native liver, native muscle and L1M2-48L49-846 phosphorylases were converted to the a form by treatment with purified phosphorylase kinase; the maximal activity of the chimeric a enzyme was greater than the native liver a enzyme and approached that of muscle phosphorylase a. From these results we suggest that tissue-specific phosphorylase isozymes have evolved a complex mechanism in which the N-terminal 48 amino acids modulate intrinsic activity (Vmax), probably by affecting subunit interactions, and other, as yet undefined regions specify the allosteric interactions with ligands and substrates.
Preoperative Plasma N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Concentration and Perioperative Cardiovascular Risk in Elderly Patients (2008)

Elevated NT-proBNP levels are independently associated with an increase in the risk of perioperative cardiovascular complications in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac and nonvascular operations.
Influence of slot/pole number combinations and pole shaping on electromagnetic performance of permanent magnet machines with unbalanced north and south poles (2023)

Abstract The influences of slot/pole number combinations on electromagnetic performances, including flux linkage, inductance, and torque ripple harmonic components etc., resulting from unbalanced characteristics between north and south poles in concentrated winding permanent magnet (PM) machines with symmetrical and asymmetric rotor pole shaping methods are theoretically analysed and experimentally validated in this paper. It shows that for the PM machines with odd number of coils per phase per submachine, including consequent pole (CP) and surface‐mounted PM (SPM) machines, the influences of unbalanced pole characteristics can lead to additional torque ripple harmonics due to additive effects in windings, but can be cancelled in other machines. Compared with symmetrical pole shaping method, asymmetric pole shaping method can result in lower torque ripple for CPPM machines with odd number of coils per phase per submachine, while symmetrical and asymmetric pole shapes have similar effects on torque ripple reduction for other CPPM machines and all the SPM machines. The findings have been validated by finite element analyses on 12‐slot/8‐pole, 12‐slot/10‐pole, 9‐slot/6‐pole, and 12‐slot/14‐pole machines, and by experiments with 12‐slot/8‐pole and 12‐slot/10‐pole CPPM prototypes.
Accurate Silicon Spacer Chips for an Optical-Fiber Cable Connector (1978)

Assembled silicon array connectors have been fabricated with low splice loss. The silicon chips can be manufactured with submicrometer repeatability and accuracy. Improvements in chip thickness variations are anticipated which in turn should reduce the overall groove opening variations to a point where individual chip selection is not required.
Very-high-speed selector IC using InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (2002)

A selector integrated circuit (IC) as a benchmark to assess the performances of new undoped-emitter InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) has been designed and fabricated. Operation of the selector gate at 86 Gbit/s has been achieved using an HBT developed by the authors, which exhibits the fT of 140 GHz and fmax of 200 GHz at a collector current density of 50 kA/cm2. This indicates that InP/InGaAs HBTs have excellent speed performance for making ultra-high-speed ICs with data rates approaching 100 Gbit/s.