gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment outcome for metastatic papillary and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients treated with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sunitinib and sorafenib (2007)

5037 Background: Sunitinib (SUNI) and sorafenib (SORAF) are novel TKIs that have shown significant clinical activity in metastatic clear-cell RCC. Papillary (PAP) and chromophobe (CHRM) histologies represent the majority non-clear-cell RCC. The activity of SUNI and SORAF in non-clear cell histologies has not been evaluated. Methods: Clinical features at study entry and treatment outcomes were evaluated in all patients (pts) with metastatic PAP and CHRM RCC who received either SUNI or SORAF as their initial TKI treatment at one of five different cancer centers in France and USA between 2002 and 2006. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the collected data. Overall Response rate (ORR) was investigator-assessed per RECIST criteria. Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival (Overall Survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS)). Results: Median age for the 53 patients was 59 years and 64% were male. The number of patients with PAP and CHRM histologies were 41 (77%) and 12 (23%), respectively. Nephrectomy was performed in 87% of patients and 33/53 (62%) of pts were previously treated (26/33, 79%, with cytokines). ORR, PFS and OS for the entire cohort were 10%, 8.9 months (m) and 12.2 m, respectively. Twenty (38%) and 33 (62%) pts were treated with SUNI and SORAF, respectively. 3/12 (25%) of CHRM pts had an ORR vs. 2/41(4.8%) with PAP histology (P=0.07). PFS for CHRM pts was 9.3 m compared to 6.6 m for PAP pts (p=0.07). OS was not different across histologies and type of TKI received. SUNI treated pts had an ORR of 15% and PFS of 11.9 m compared to 6% (p=0.3) and 5.5 m for SORAF pts (p=0.002), respectively. Other factors found to be associated with shorter PFS include ECOG PS &gt;0 (p=0.03) and hemoglobin&lt; normal (p=0.02). Conclusions: TKI may have activity in metastatic CHRM RCC, similar to what is seen in clear-cell histology. Minimal activity however is noted in PAP RCC, justifying continued investigations of novel agents in this histology. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
NOD2 and bacterial recognition as therapeutic targets for Crohn’s disease (2017)

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, disabling disease of the gastrointestinal tract that mostly affects young adults. Despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of CD is still not completely understood. It is thought that an abnormal mucosal immune response is elicited towards the luminal microbiota in genetically predisposed persons. Genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis have greatly improved our insight into the genetic background of CD. One of the most studied CD-associated genes is nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2). Areas covered: We summarize the current knowledge about NOD2, its use in clinical practice, the functional implications of NOD2 mutations and the therapeutic options for targeting NOD2 in CD. Expert opinion: Almost 2 decades after the identification of NOD2 variants in CD, it has become clear that wild type NOD2 is involved in preserving intestinal barrier integrity and immune homeostasis, properly functioning autophagy and balancing the gut microbiota composition. Given the high prevalence and effect size of NOD2 risk alleles in patients with CD and their interplay with important molecular pathways involved in the disease, NOD2 should seriously be considered as a therapeutic target for CD. Several therapeutic approaches exist and these should be further explored to treat NOD2-related deficiencies in CD.
Proton-induced SEU in SiGe digital logic at cryogenic temperatures (2007)

In this work we present, for the first time, experimental results confirming an increase in single event upset (SEU) susceptibility at cold temperatures using 63 MeV protons incident on liquid-nitrogen immersed 16-bit shift registers. Silicon germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS technology has the potential to be a key platform for extreme environment electronics due to its record (Si-based) cryogenic performance and built-in multi-Mrad (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) total ionizing dose (TID) tolerance.
ATP-Citrate Lyase as a Target for Hypolipidemic Intervention. 2. Synthesis and Evaluation of (3R*,5S*)-ω-Substituted-3-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyalkanoic Acids and Their γ-Lactone Prodrugs as Inhibitors of the Enzyme in Vitro and in Vivo (1998)

A series of (3R,5S)-omega-substituted-3-carboxy-3, 5-dihydroxyalkanoic acids have been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of the recombinant human form of ATP-citrate lyase. The best of these have Ki's in the 200-1000 nM range. As the corresponding thermodynamically favored gamma-lactone prodrugs, a number of compounds are able to inhibit cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in HepG2 cells and reduce plasma triglyceride levels in vivo. The best of these, compound 77, is able to induce clear hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridaemic responses when administered orally to rat and dog. These results provide evidence to support the hypothesis that compounds which inhibit ATP-citrate lyase have the potential to be a novel class of hypolipidemic agent, which possess combined hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic activities.
Synthesis of Core−Shell Structured Dual-Mesoporous Silica Spheres with Tunable Pore Size and Controllable Shell Thickness (2010)

Core-shell structured dual-mesoporous silica spheres (DMSS) that possess smaller pores (2.0 nm) in the shell and larger tunable pores (12.8-18.5 nm) in the core have been successfully synthesized by utilizing an amphiphilic block copolymer (polystyrene-b-poly (acrylic acid), PS-b-PAA) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as cotemplates. The thickness of the shells and the larger pore size in the core could be easily tuned by changing the amounts of TEOS and the hydrophobic block (PS) length during synthesis, respectively. By encapsulating hydrophobic magnetite nanoparticles into the cores, superparamagnetic dual-mesoporous silica spheres were obtained. Drug storage and release testing results showed that the diffusing rate of the stored drug could be efficiently controlled by changing the shell thickness of DMSS.
Colony-stimulating factor in patients with chronic neutropenia (1976)

Urinary and serum colony-stimulating factor (CSF) levels were measured in 11 patients with chronic idiopathic neutropenia without infections and in 10 normal individuals. Urinary CSF output was determined using mouse marrow target cells, and serum CSF activity was assayed with human marrow target cells by the double agar layer technique. Using these methods, there was no significant difference between CSF levels of neutropenic and normal subjects. These data indicate that CSF levels are not inversely related to the blood neutrophil count in chronic idiopathic neutropenia and suggest that CSF is not a hormone regulating the blood neutrophil count in a manner analogous to the erythropoietin regulation of circulating erythrocyte levels.
Efficient Filtering Algorithms for Location-Aware Publish/Subscribe (2014)

Location-based services have been widely adopted in many systems. Existing works employ a pull model or user-initiated model, where a user issues a query to a server which replies with location-aware answers. To provide users with instant replies, a push model or server-initiated model is becoming an inevitable computing model in the next-generation location-based services. In the push model, subscribers register spatio-textual subscriptions to capture their interests, and publishers post spatio-textual messages. This calls for a high-performance location-aware publish/subscribe system to deliver publishers' messages to relevant subscribers. In this paper, we address the research challenges that arise in designing a location-aware publish/subscribe system. We propose an R-tree based index by integrating textual descriptions into R-tree nodes. We devise efficient filtering algorithms and effective pruning techniques to achieve high performance. Our method can support both conjunctive queries and ranking queries. We discuss how to support dynamic updates efficiently. Experimental results show our method achieves high performance which can filter 500 messages in a second for 10 million subscriptions on a commodity computer.
Effect of Proanthocyanidin-Rich Extract from Grape Seeds on Human Fecal Flora and Fecal Odor (2001)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of proanthocyanidin-rich extracts from grape seeds on human fecal  ora and fecal odor. Proanthocyanidin-rich extract containing 38.5% proanthocyanidin was administered to nine healthy adults at a dose of 0.5 g/day (0.19 g/day as proanthocyanidin) for 2 weeks, and proanthocyanidin-rich extract containing 89.3% proanthocyanidin was administered to eight elderly inpatients at a dose of 0.43 g/day (0.38 g/day as proanthocyanidin) for 2 weeks. Green tea extract and/or champignon extract, both of which have been found to have a deodorant effect on fecal odor, were administered in a similar manner as controls. In healthy adults, marked decreases in fecal odor and concentrations of methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sul. de in feces were observed during proanthocyanidin-rich extract intake, but the effects of green tea extract and champignon extract were weak. After 2 weeks of proanthocyanidin-rich extract intake, the number of Bifidobacterium had increased significantly (p<0.05), whereas the number of Enterobacteriaceae tended to decrease ( p =0.121). The level of putrefactive substances, including ammonia, phenol, p -cresol, 4-ethylphenol, indole, and skatols tended to decrease after proanthocyanidin-rich extract intake, and fecal pH also tended to decrease. Nurses and hospital aides performed organoleptic evaluations that showed less fecal odor in elderly inpatients with proanthocyanidin-rich extract intake than with champignon extract intake. In an in vitro study, the proanthocyanidin-rich extract reduced methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sul. de release from the feces of healthy adults, and also reduced methyl mercaptan release from methyl mercaptan solution. The absorptive ability of methyl mercaptan was stronger in procyanidin oligomers larger than decamer than procyanidin dimer to tetramer. These results suggest that proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seed intake induces a reduction in the level of putrefactive products in the intestine, which may be linked to the modest change in the numbers of Bifidobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae . They also suggest that the strong deodorant effect of proanthocyanidins on fecal odor is due to the decrease of putrefactive products and the absorption of malodorous compounds from feces by the larger molecular procyanidin oligomers in the proanthocyanidins. Keywords : proanthocyanidin, grape seed extract, polyphenol, fecal  ora, fecal odor.
Bioactive properties of oil and methanol extracts of Pimpinella aurea DC. (2008)

The present s tudy was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antimic robial and antioxidant properties of essential oil and methanol extracts from aerial parts of Pimpinella aurea . Antimicrobial activity of the P. aurea was tes ted agains t 10 bacteria and fungi by disk diffus ion method, whereas the extract remained inactive. M in imal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of each active sample were determined. The antioxid a t iv e potential of the samples were evaluated us ing inhibition of free radical 2,2-d iphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and â-carotene/linoleic acid assay. The polar subfraction of the methanol extract was able to reduce the s table 50 free radical DPPH with an IC of 108 ±0.5 μg/ml, which was higher than that of synthetic antioxidant 50 butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) with IC =19.8 ± 0.5 μg/ml. In contras t the nonpolar subfraction showed major effectiveness in â-carotene/linoleic a c id a s s ay with 65.87% inhibition. The amounts of total phenolic compounds were also determined in this s tudy.
Purification of Organelles from Mammalian Cells (2003)

Organelle purification procedures capitalize on the differences in size, density, and (occasionally) surface charge density of individual types of organelles. Most fractionation procedures that are based on centrifugation involve some combination of procedures that distinguish both size and density. Initially, a homogenate is prepared in isoosmotic (or slightly hyperosmotic) sucrose or some other predominantly nonelectrolyte medium. A wide range of procedures have been used to fractionate tissue homogenates. The protocols in this unit emphasize different fractionation techniques that have been used for rat liver, an abundant tissue that has been a favorite of many investigators and has served as the source of many organelle preparations of excellent purity. For selected procedures, examples have been given using other tissue sources (e.g., glandular tissues that maintain protein storage granules for regulated secretion) or, where particularly favorable, cultured cells.
SAVING THE SKIN FROM TAPE INJURIES (1988)

Damage caused by tape, such as skin stripping or tension blisters, usually can be prevented with these taping techniques.
Trends in renal function after radical nephrectomy: a multicentre analysis (2013)

Renal function recovered continuously during the 60-month follow-up period after RN. However, the trends in functional recovery change were different according to various clinical factors and such information should be discussed with patients when being counselled about their treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
The Effect of Operating Conditions on the Aerodynamic Performance of an Integrated OGV and S-Shaped Duct (2001)

This paper is concerned with the design and performance of an annular S-shaped duct that would be used to connect an LP fan to the core within a gas turbine engine. The desire to minimise engine length means the duct is of relatively short length so that, without novel design, flow separation is likely to occur. Hence the upstream OGV row has been leant tangentially so that it assists in turning the flow within the first bend of the S-shaped duct. In such an ‘integrated’ design, a component of the lift force generated by the OGV row turns the flow radially inward. In this way, the aerodynamic loading on the critical inner wall boundary layer, within the downstream S-shaped duct, is reduced. In addition, by incorporating the blade row within the duct, rather than upstream of it, a further length reduction can also be achieved. The paper outlines the OGV design methodology and presents experimental results that define the aerodynamic performance of the integrated system. The overall system loss is determined mainly by the OGV row, and the subsequent mixing out of the blade wakes prior to the inlet of the core duct. In addition, for the range of conditions tested, the stagnation pressure profile at core duct exit reflects that portion of the OGV exit profile that is captured by the core duct.
Structure and activity of the DHNA Coenzyme-A Thioesterase from Staphylococcus aureus providing insights for innovative drug development (2022)

Humanity is facing an increasing health threat caused by a variety of multidrug resistant bacteria. Within this scenario, Staphylococcus aureus, in particular methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is responsible for a number of hospital-acquired bacterial infections. The emergence of microbial antibiotic resistance urgently requires the identification of new and innovative strategies to treat antibiotic resistant microorganisms. In this context, structure and function analysis of potential drug targets in metabolic pathways vital for bacteria endurance, such as the vitamin K<sub>2</sub> synthesis pathway, becomes interesting. We have solved and refined the crystal structure of the S. aureus DHNA thioesterase (SaDHNA), a key enzyme in the vitamin K<sub>2</sub> pathway. The crystallographic structure in combination with small angle X-ray solution scattering data revealed a functional tetramer of SaDHNA. Complementary activity assays of SaDHNA indicated a preference for hydrolysing long acyl chains. Site-directed mutagenesis of SaDHNA confirmed the functional importance of Asp16 and Glu31 for thioesterase activity and substrate binding at the putative active site, respectively. Docking studies were performed and rational designed peptides were synthesized and tested for SaDHNA inhibition activity. The high-resolution structure of SaDHNA and complementary information about substrate binding will support future drug discovery and design investigations to inhibit the vitamin K<sub>2</sub> synthesis pathway.
Trigonal‐monopyramidale MIII‐Komplexe des Typs [M(N3N)] (M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe; N3N = [(tBuMe2Si)\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \mathop {\rm N}\limits_{..}^{..} $$\end{document}CH2CH2]3N) (1992)

Sperrigkeit und Mehrzähnigkeit des Liganden stabilisieren die ungewöhnliche trigonal‐monopyramidale Koordinationsgeometrie in den Titelkomplexen. Diese wurden auf einem „reduktiven”︁ (Ti, V), einem „direkten”︁ (Cr, Fe) oder einem „oxidativen”︁ Weg (Mn) erhalten. Der V‐Komplex wurde kristallographisch charakterisiert (Bild rechts). magnified image
MRI quality control for low‐field MR‐IGRT systems: Lessons learned (2019)

There are significant technological challenges associated with implementing and maintaining MR-IGRT systems. Most of the performance issues were identified and resolved during commissioning.
Factors Effecting on Tissue Culture of Perennial Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) (2004)

Plantlets were regenerated from seed-derived callus of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ). The replacements of 2,4-D by dicamba, maltose by sucrose in the callus induction medium significantly improved callus induction frequency and overall plant regeneration ability. From 3 mg·L~(-1) to 9 mg·L~(-1), the stepwise increase of the 2,4-D concentration in maltose containing callus induction medium obviously increased callus induction frequency but decreased callus differentiation frequency. The callus induction medium supplemented with two auxins (2,4-D and NAA) was much better than that with 2,4-D individual. Elevating concentrations of casein hydrolysate, proline and glutamine did not improve overall plant regeneration frequency.
A scanning force microscopy study on the motion of single brush-like macromolecules on a silicon substrate induced by coadsorption of small molecules (2006)

Scanning force microscopy was applied to visualise the motion of single poly(butanoate-ethylmethacrylate)-graft-poly(n-butyl acrylate) molecules on silicon and SrTiO(3) substrates. Macromolecular mobility was induced by cyclic exposure of the wafers with the adsorbed brush-like macromolecules to water and alcohol vapours. Exposure to saturated alcohol vapour induced collapse of the adsorbed individual polymer chains while exposure to saturated water vapour promoted their extension. The characteristic times of both conformational changes were long enough that it was possible to visualise step-by-step the morphology transformation in situ by means of an environment-controlled scanning force microscope. Several successive collapse-decollapse cycles were recorded, and small diffusive shifts of the macromolecular position on the substrate were detected after each cycle. Manipulating and visualising single polymer molecules in situ and real time on a silicon substrate opens up new possibilities for the controlled structure formation in ultrathin polymer films. As shown on the sample of a faceted SrTiO(3) wafer, upon extension the brush-like molecules can crawl or extend along nanoscopic surface structures. Silicon can be structured both topographically and chemically at dimensions comparable to those of single polymer molecules with a variety of fabrication techniques ranging from well established conventional silicon micro- nano- machining to new tools constantly developed as dip-pen and nanoimprint lithography.
Study of Chemical and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Material to Obtain Fermentable Sugars (2017)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis using a factorial experimental design (2 3 ) in order to obtain fermentable sugars from cellulose-based material (CBM) usually used as pet litter. In assessing chemical hydrolysis, we studied the effect of temperature, in addition to H 2 SO 4 concentration and reaction time, on the production of total sugars, reducing sugars, soluble lignin, carbohydrate profile, furfural (F), and hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF). We performed a response surface analysis and found that, at 100°C, 1% acid concentration, and 60 min reaction time, the yields of 0.0033 g reducing sugar/g biomass and 0.0852 g total sugars/g biomass were obtained. Under the above conditions, F is not generated, while HMF is generated in such a concentration that does not inhibit fermentation. We pretreated the CBM with H 2 SO 4 , NaOH, CaO, or ozonolysis, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the enzymatic hydrolysis from the pretreated biomass, using an enzymatic cocktail. Results showed that CBM with acid was susceptible to enzymatic attack, obtaining a concentration of 0.1570 g reducing sugars/g biomass and 0.3798 g total sugars/g biomass. We concluded that acid pretreatment was the best to obtain fermentable sugars from CBM.
Solid Polymer Single-Ion Conductors:  Synthesis and Properties (2006)

Optimal battery electrolyte materials provide for high transport of a single ionic species. Here we report solid single-ion conductors (SICs) based on composite polymer electrolytes consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and an organic−inorganic component (OIC) formed in situ. The resulting solid films showed transport properties with conductivity as high as 10-4 S/cm at room temperature and a cation transference number of 0.9. The materials were characterized using solid-state NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and impedance spectroscopy. The OIC was formed by sol−gel reaction of the three precursors: the sodium salt of 3-trihydroxysilylpropylmethylphosphonate (SPMP), (3-glycidylopropyl)trimethoxysilane (GLYMO), and tetramethoxysilane, resulting in a high degree of three-dimensional network character of OIC within SIC solid polymer electrolytes as indicated by solid-state NMR. TEM examination of calcined OIC shows that the silicate particles are fairly uniform and measure approximately 15 nm in diameter. Their uniformity and small size lead to the homogeneity of the composite material. The glycidyl group of GLYMO enhances the compatibility of OIC with PEG. The phosphonate group of SPMP furnishes immobile anions, while Na+ cations are the only source of conductivity.
Electrical Characteristics of 4H-SiC Pin Diode with Carbon Implantation or Thermal Oxidation (2012)

The forward voltage drops of pin diodes with the carbon implantation process or thermal oxidation process using a drift layer of 120 μm thick are around 4.0 V and are lower than those with the standard process. The reverse recovery characteristics of diodes with the standard process or carbon implantation at room temperature show almost the same tendency. In the reverse recovery characteristics at 250 oC, pin diodes with carbon implantation process, however, have the longer reverse recovery time than those with the standard process. These characteristics indicate that a recombination path other than the bulk carrier lifetime, such as the interfaces or the surface recombination, becomes dominant in the reverse recovery characteristics at room temperature.