gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arsenic sensor development based on modification with (E)-N′-(2-nitrobenzylidine)-benzenesulfonohydrazide: a real sample analysis (2019)

(<italic>E</italic>)-<italic>N</italic>′-(2-Nitrobenzylidene)-benzenesulfonohydrazide was prepared from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and benzenesulfonylhydrazine by using a condensation method and applied as a selective As<sup>3+</sup>sensor.
Jet penetration and pressure drops in water spouted beds of fine particles (1988)

Abstract New expressions for the maximum spoutable height and spout pressure drop ratio are developed for fine particles spouted in water. The maximum spoutable height in both water and air systems is found to be dependent upon two dimensionless parameters, β and A Lim . For fine particles spouted with water, the dimensionless pressure drop ratio depends only upon the voidage, ϵ at the bottom of the spout.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds with 2‐Propanol and Ephedrine‐Type Ligands. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improved projection Hopfield network for the quadratic assignment problem (2003)

The continuous-valued Hopfield neural network (CHN) is a popular method of metaheuristics. However, it is not guaranteed that obtained solutions by the CHN are always feasible. To obtain a high-quality feasible solution, appropriate penalty parameters of CHN are required. Matsuda has shown the theoretical relationship between penalty parameters and the qualities of obtained solutions of the CHN for a traveling salesman problem (TSP). We show a similar theoretical relationship of the CHN for the quadratic assignment problem (QAP) and the limitation of the CHP. On other hand, Smith et al. proposed the projection method to obtain a high-quality feasible solution, which projects a modified solution onto two constraints, by turns. Thus, this method is not efficient and does not necessarily find a feasible solution at each iteration. Therefore, we propose a new method with the projection of a modified solution onto the entire feasible region at once. Moreover, we show convergence properties of the proposed method and the conditions of penalty parameters which guarantees that the CHN for QAP always finds the feasible solution. Finally, we verify the efficiency of the methods through numerical experiments.
An automated methodology for low electromagnetic emissions digital circuits design (2004)

This paper presents an automated methodology for the design of low electromagnetic emissions digital circuits based on an optimized clock skew scheduling. The assumption that a unique clock signal must reach all memory elements of a circuit is common to all standard design flows for synchronous circuits. Unfortunately, the almost simultaneous switching of all gates in the circuit is responsible for very sharp and narrow peaks of current absorption from the power supply line. The consequent steepness of rising and falling edges of these current pulses results in significant contributions on a very wide range of frequencies and therefore can be considered the main cause for both conducted and radiated emissions in integrated circuits. A fully automated design flow has been developed integrating new tools with standard tools and allowing the designer to desynchronize a synchronous circuit. Our tools are able to read the standard delay file of a circuit, to derive a set of relative timing constraints for the clock inputs of each memory element in the circuit and then to generate a partition of the circuit into a given number of clock domains. The methodology and the tools have been tested on a 16 bit microprocessor with 5 stages of pipeline showing a dramatic reduction of the current spectrum in the range of frequencies between 100 MHz and 1 GHz.
Accurate adjoint design sensitivities for nano metal optics (2015)

We present a method for obtaining accurate numerical design sensitivities for metal-optical nanostructures. Adjoint design sensitivity analysis, long used in fluid mechanics and mechanical engineering for both optimization and structural analysis, is beginning to be used for nano-optics design, but it fails for sharp-cornered metal structures because the numerical error in electromagnetic simulations of metal structures is highest at sharp corners. These locations feature strong field enhancement and contribute strongly to design sensitivities. By using high-accuracy FEM calculations and rounding sharp features to a finite radius of curvature we obtain highly-accurate design sensitivities for 3D metal devices. To provide a bridge to the existing literature on adjoint methods in other fields, we derive the sensitivity equations for Maxwell's equations in the PDE framework widely used in fluid mechanics.
Terephthalate salts: salts of monopositive cations (2000)

The crystal structures of dilithium, disodium and diammonium terephthalate (1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) have been solved ab initio using Monte Carlo simulated annealing techniques, and refined using synchrotron powder data. The structures of dipotassium terephthalate, potassium hydrogen terephthalate and ammonium hydrogen terephthalate have been refined using single-crystal techniques. Li2C8H4O4 crystallizes in P2(1)/c, with a = 8.35921 (5), b = 5.13208 (2), c = 8.48490 (5) A, beta = 93.1552 (4) degrees, V = 363.451 (3) A3, Z = 2. The Li anions are tetrahedrally coordinated and the packing of the terephthalate anions resembles the gamma-packing of aromatic hydrocarbons. Na2C8H4O4 crystallizes in Pbc2(1), with a = 3.54804 (5), b = 10.81604 (16), c = 18.99430 (20) A, V = 728.92 (2) A3, Z = 4. The coordination of the two independent Na is trigonal prismatic and the terephthalate packing resembles the beta packing of hydrocarbons. (NH4)2C8H4O4 also crystallizes in Pbc2(1), with a = 4.0053 (5), b = 11.8136 (21), c = 20.1857 (24) A, V = 955.1 (2) A3, Z = 4. The cations and planar anions are linked by hydrogen bonds and the packing is a looser version of the beta packing. K2C8H4O2 crystallizes in P2(1)/c, with a = 10.561 (4), b = 3.9440 (12), c = 11.535 (5) A, beta = 113.08 (3) degrees, V = 442.0 (3) A3, Z = 2. The K is trigonal prismatic and the packing is also beta. Both KHC8H4O4 and (NH4)HC8H4O4 crystallize in C2/c, with a = 18.825 (4) and 18.924 (4), b = 3.770 (2) and 3.7967 (9), c = 11.179 (2) and 11.481 (2) A, beta = 98.04 (3) and 94.56 (5) degrees, V = 816.8 (3) and 790.9 (3) A3, respectively, and Z = 4. The packing in the hydrogen-bonded acid salts is also beta. Electrostatic interactions among the terephthalate anions appear to be important in determining the crystal packing.
Predictive Direct Torque Control for the PM Synchronous Machine (2005)

This paper shows that a predictive digital control combined with the principle of direct torque control (DTC) leads to an excellent dynamic behavior of the synchronous machine with surface-mounted permanent magnets and is a real alternative to the classical field-orientated control. The advantages are a DTC control scheme with constant switching frequency and a predictable torque ripple. The settling times of the torque are reduced compared to the classical field-orientated control. The application in servo drives in which the rotor position is always measured can easily be achieved by using a commercial digital signal processor. Numerous simulations and measurements confirm the theoretical work.
POTENTIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF BARRIERS TOWARD REDUCING HIGHWAY NOISE EXPOSURE ON A NATIONAL SCALE (1978)

Calculations have been performed to assess the potential effectiveness of barriers toward reducing noise exposure from the federal-aid highway system. Noise exposure, in terms of the numbers of people exposed to Ldn greater than 60, 65, 70, and 75 dB, from the primary federal aid system was computed for present traffic flow and projected traffic through the year 2000. Reductions in noise exposure were computed for several scenarios of constructing barriers along urban interstate highways. It was found that significant reduction of noise exposure would require barriers along most of the urban interstate system. The benefit (in terms of reduction of exposed population) per mile of barrier construction was found to be greatest at high noise levels (Ldn greater or equal to 75 dB). It was concluded that barriers would not provide a feasible method for abating noise on a national scale. Their main benefit is to provide relief in extremely noisy local applications.
Synthesis of the antileukemic agent (.+-.)-steganone using a stereoconvergent biaryl coupling reaction (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the antileukemic agent (.+-.)-steganone using a stereoconvergent biaryl coupling reactionPhilip Magnus, James Schultz, and Timothy GallagherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 17, 4984–4988Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00303a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00303a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views609Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Hepatocyte growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor receptor in the lacrimal gland, tears, and cornea. (1996)

The distribution of HGF receptor protein expression in the lacrimal gland suggests that HGF secreted by interalveolar connective tissue cells traverses the acinar cells and modulates functions in acinar and ductal epithelial cells. Hepatocyte growth factor likely collects within the interlobular ducts and becomes a component in normal tears. Thus, lacrimal gland HGF probably modulates corneal epithelial cell proliferation, motility, and differentiation. Its expression in keratocytes is upregulated after corneal epithelial wounding and probably contributes to the epithelial wound healing process.
Antilipidemic drugs. Part 4: The metabolic fate of the hypolipidemic agent isopropyl-[4'-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-2-phenoxy-2-methyl]-protionate (LF 178) in rats, dog and man. (1976)

The excretion and plasma concentrations of radioactivity and chromatographic patterns of radioactive components in plasma and excreta have been compared in rats, dogs and man after oral doses of the hypolipidemic agent isopropyl-[4'-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-2-phenoxy-2-methyl]-propionate (LF 178; procetofene; Lipanthyl¿). 2. In rats, 48.1% of a single dose of 25 mg/kg was excreted in the urine, and 48.6% in the faeces. In dogs, 23.1% of a single dose at the same level was excreted in the urine, and 71.8% in the faeces, but 88.1% of a dose of 300 mg to man was excreted in the urine, and only 5.1% in the faeces. Peak levels of radioactivity in the plasma of all three species studied were similar (20--30 mug/ml) after doses at these levels and concentrations declined thereafter with half-lives of 7--24 h in rats and dogs, and 7 h in man. The half-life of radioactivity concentrations in rat plasma was not altered by repeated daily doses for 7 days. 3. Whole-body autoradiography of rats showed that radioactivity was largely associated with the liver, kidneys and gut, which are the organs of biotransformation and excretion, although relatively high levels were present in lungs and blood, and small amounts of radioactivity had a widespread distribution into some peripheral tissues during 2--7 h after dosing. 4. The available chromatographic evidence indicated that the most important biotransformation pathway appeared to be ester hydrolysis to LF 178 acid and formation of water soluble conjugates of this acid. This pathway appeared similar to that of the related drug clofibrate (ethyl p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate).
Supplementary Table 3 from Proteomic Characterization of Breast Cancer Xenografts Identifies Early and Late Bevacizumab-Induced Responses and Predicts Effective Drug Combinations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 37K, Supplementary Table 3: Protein regulation in basal‐like tumors after bevacizumab and BEZ235 treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
Continuous Sub-Doppler-Cooled Atomic Beam Interferometer for Inertial Sensing (2022)

In atomic sensors, continuous interrogation of laser-cooled atoms carries the benefits of improved sensitivity and high measurement bandwidth. However, cooling in proximity to coherent atomic state evolution can degrade performance in compact systems, due to decoherence. This study demonstrates an inertially sensitive matter-wave interferometer in a three-dimensionally-cooled atomic beam that mitigates decoherence while operating continuously. The technique could enable compact atom-interferometer sensors that measure continuously and with high sensitivity on dynamic platforms.
Adrenergic and Endothelin B Receptor-Dependent Hypertension in Dopamine Receptor Type-2 Knockout Mice (2001)

Polymorphism of the dopamine receptor type-2 (D(2)) gene is associated with essential hypertension. To assess whether D(2) receptors participate in regulation of blood pressure (BP), we studied mice in which the D(2) receptor was disrupted. In anesthetized mice, systolic and diastolic BPs (in millimeters of mercury) were higher in D(2) homozygous and heterozygous mutant mice than in D(2)+/+ littermates. BP after alpha-adrenergic blockade decreased to a greater extent in D(2)-/- mice than in D(2)+/+ mice. Epinephrine excretion was greater in D(2)-/- mice than in D(2)+/+ mice, and acute adrenalectomy decreased BP to a similar level in D(2)-/- and D(2)+/+ mice. An endothelin B (ET[B]) receptor blocker for both ET(B1) and ET(B2) receptors decreased, whereas a selective ET(B1) blocker increased, BP in D(2)-/- mice but not D(2)+/+ mice. ET(B) receptor expression was greater in D(2)-/- mice than in D(2)+/+ mice. In contrast, blockade of ET(A) and V(1) vasopressin receptors had no effect on BP in either D(2)-/- or D(2)+/+ mice. The hypotensive effect of an AT(1) antagonist was also similar in D(2)-/- and D(2)+/+ mice. Basal Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activities in renal cortex and medulla were higher in D(2)+/+ mice than in D(2)-/- mice. Urine flow and sodium excretion were higher in D(2)-/- mice than in D(2)+/+ mice before and after acute saline loading. Thus, complete loss of the D(2) receptor results in hypertension that is not due to impairment of sodium excretion. Instead, enhanced vascular reactivity in the D(2) mutant mice may be caused by increased sympathetic and ET(B) receptor activities.
Differential Sensitivity of Three Sublines of the Rat Dunning Prostate Tumor System R3327 to Radiation and/or Local Tumor Hyperthermia (1998)

To better understand the relationship of the growth characteristics of tumor tissues and their response to ionizing radiation alone and in combination with local tumor hyperthermia, we compared three different tumor sublines of the Dunning rat prostate carcinoma R3327. This report includes results obtained with the anaplastic AT1 subline (volume doubling time 5.2 days), the moderately differentiated mucin-secreting HI subline (volume doubling time about 9 days) and the well-differentiated, hormone-dependent H subline (volume doubling time about 17 days). The effects of single doses of photons (10 to 40 Gy) with and without local tumor hyperthermia (35 min immersion at 43.5 degrees C) were quantified by growth delay. The time to reach five times the volume at the time of treatment after 30 Gy alone was found to be 56.0, 134.9 and 184.0 days for the R3327-AT1, HI and H tumors, respectively. The R3327-H tumor was more radiosensitive than the AT1 or HI subline. Five of nine R3327-H tumors were controlled locally with a single dose of photons (40 Gy). Local tumor hyperthermia alone induced growth delay in both differentiated tumors, while the anaplastic tumor subline did not respond. Combined treatment modalities with heat applied directly after irradiation revealed isoeffective thermal enhancement ratios for 30 Gy which decreased from 1.59 for the AT1 tumor and 1.42 for the HI tumor to 1.23 in the well-differentiated subline R3327-H.
Listeria monocytogenes10403S HtrA Is Necessary for Resistance to Cellular Stress and Virulence (2005)

The HtrA serine protease has been shown to be essential for bacterial virulence and for survival after exposure to many types of environmental and cellular stresses. A Listeria monocytogenes 10403S htrA mutant was found to be sensitive to oxidative and puromycin-induced stress at high temperatures, showed a reduced ability to form biofilms, and was attenuated for virulence in mice.
Effect of chronic clenbuterol administration and exercise training on immune function in horses (2004)

Effects of longitudinal exercise training and acute intensive exercise (simulated race test) on immune function have not been reported in horses. Clenbuterol, a beta2-adrenergic agonist, is used to manage inflammatory airway disease in horses. This study investigated the interaction of 8 wk of exercise training with or without 12 wk of clenbuterol administration in horses. Twenty-three untrained standardbred mares (10 +/- 3 yr, Mean +/- SE) were used and divided into four experimental groups. Horses given clenbuterol plus exercise (CLENEX; n = 6) and clenbuterol alone (CLEN; n = 6) received 2.4 microg/kg BW of clenbuterol twice daily (in an average volume of 20 mL) on a schedule of 5 d on and 2 d off for 12 wk. The CLENEX group was also aerobically trained 3 d/wk. Mares given exercise alone (EX; n = 5) were aerobically trained for 3 d/wk, and the control group (CON; n = 6) remained sedentary. Both EX and CON horses were administered similar volumes (approximately 20 mL) of molasses twice daily. A simulated race test (SRT) resulted in an elevation in lymphocyte number postexercise (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference after acute exercise in either monocyte or granulocyte number. Acute exercise resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in the percentage of CD4+ and an increase (P < 0.05) in the percentage of CD8+ cells. The SRT resulted in a decreased lymphoproliferative response to pokeweed mitogen (P < 0.05). A SRT had no effect on antibody production in response to equine influenza vaccine. The EX group demonstrated greater cortisol concentrations at rest and at all other time points postexercise after completing the training regimen compared with CLENEX horses (P < 0.05). Preexercise (SRT) peripheral blood monocyte number was lower in CLENEX horses than in other treatment groups (P < 0.05). Clenbuterol and exercise training did not significantly affect post-SRT changes in leukocyte numbers. Exercise training resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in the percentage of CD8+ cells post-SRT compared with other groups, but the percentage of CD4+ cells was not altered by either clenbuterol or exercise conditioning. Lymphocyte proliferative response was not affected by clenbuterol or exercise treatment. Horses demonstrated responses to bouts of acute exercise as noted with other species, namely humans and rodents.
Vibrational relaxation of highly excited SiF4 and C6F5H by Ar (1990)

The vibrational relaxation of SiF4 and C6F5H in an Ar bath was measured as a function of initial energy using the method of time-resolved optoacoustics. SiF4 was found to relax nonexponentially, with a rate constant which varied approximately as the vibrational energy raised to the 3/2 power. This behavior is similar to that observed earlier for SF6+Ar below the bottleneck. In contrast, C6F5H was observed to decay exponentially, as expected for a large molecule in the quasicontinuum. These two types of behavior are discussed in the context of previously proposed propensity rules for the vibrational relaxation of highly excited molecules.
Electrophoretic display technology (1977)

The electrophoretic image display (EPID) is a passive display technique based upon the scattering and absorption of ambient light. This paper will review the present status of EPID technology with emphasis on developments at Philips Laboratories. The nature and requirements of the colloidal suspension i.e., the pigment particles suspended in a dyed nonaqueous liquid, that constitutes the working medium of an EPID device will be discussed. A description of the optical, electrical, and hydrodynamic characteristics of EPID devices will be presented. Fabrication methods, device degradation modes, and the status of x-y addressing techniques will be described.
ITS SAFETY AND COMPLICATIONS AS SEEN AT A LIVER TRANSPLANT CENTER (1993)

Liver biopsy is a frequently utilized diagnostic tool at a liver transplant center. It is occasionally utilized prior to OLTx to determine whether or not a potential recipient either has tumor or a disease process that has some chance of spontaneous recovery without OLTx. Following OLTx, it is often utilized to determine the need to alter a recipient's immunosuppression regimen or gauge the response to a recent change in immunosuppression. At the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, adult liver transplant patients have been biopsied using 3 different techniques based upon the physician's (Tru-cut needle) or surgeon's (suction needle) personal choice and whether or not it has been the intent of the biopsy to obtain tissue from a focal lesion within a liver. In the latter cases, ultrasound guidance and an automated biopsy needle are used. In the former, either a suction-type needle (Jamshidi) or a cutting needle (Tru-cut) has been used. During the period between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1991, a total of 12,750 liver biopsies have been done on patients admitted to the adult transplant service at this institution. Of these, 8500 were performed with a suction needle, 4195 were performed using a cutting needle, and 55 were performed under ultrasound guidance using an automated cutting needle. A total of 26 major complications occurred--19 with the suction needle (0.22%); 6 with the cutting needle (0.14%), and 2 using ultrasound guidance and an automatic cutting needle (3.6%). Nine of these 26 complications required surgical intervention consisting of a thoracotomy or laparotomy; 4 required the insertion of a chest tube and two required hepatic artery embolization. Based upon these data obtained at a large transplant center, it can be concluded that, in general: (1) a liver biopsy can be done safely in liver transplant recipients; (2) an overall low rate of major complications occurs varying from 0.1 to 3.6% depending upon the type of needle and other circumstances relating to the biopsy procedure; (3) complications, when they occur, are morbid and often necessitate either additional surgical or interventional radiologic procedures.
On-Chip Transformation of Bacteria (2005)

On-chip transformation of Escherichia coli cells was accomplished for the first time using a microbial array chip. The continuous E. coli transformation procedures were performed on a chip in which the microcompartment was composed of PDMS microfluidic channels and a silicon substrate predeposited with different plasmid DNAs. The PDMS microfluidic device enabled the parallel transformation of E. coli cells with various plasmid DNAs by separating each transformation area. The phenotypic differences reflecting different plasmid DNAs were identified by various approaches such as colorimetry, fluorometry, and electrochemical methods. This microbial array chip could become a versatile tool for many cell biological applications.