gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibrinolytic Function After Dietary Supplementation With ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (1997)

Hypertension is associated with derangements in glucose and lipid metabolism. Increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) are thought to potentiate the development of coronary events in this condition. Fish oil (omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs]) have lipid-lowering effects, but the cardioprotective potential has been questioned because fish oil has been found to increase PAI-1 activity. This study was performed to determine the effects of omega3 PUFAs on the fibrinolytic function in hypertension. Seventy-eight persons with untreated hypertension were included in a 16-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled intervention study with 4 g/d of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids or corn oil placebo. Plasma PAI-1 activity, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity, levels of fibrinogen and factor VII(c), and platelet count were measured before and after intervention (mean+/-SE). PAI-1 activity changed similarly in the fish oil and corn oil groups (1.8+/-1.0 U/mL versus 3.5+/-1.2 U/mL, P=.25), as did tPA (-0.02+/-0.02 IU/mL versus -0.13+/-0.03 IU/mL, P=.28), levels of factor VII(c) (6+/-5% versus 5+/-4%, P>.3), and platelet count (2+/-7x10(9)/L versus 3+/-5x10(9)/L, P>.3). None of these variables changed from pretreatment levels during fish oil intake. Fibrinogen levels increased significantly both during fish oil (0.6+/-0.1 g/L, P=.0001) and corn oil (0.4+/-0.1 g/L, P=.002) intake. There was no between-group difference (P>.3). In conclusion, a daily intake of 4 g omega3 PUFAs does not affect PAI-1 and tPA activity in persons with hypertension. A modest increase in fibrinogen levels was observed after both fish oil and corn oil intake.
Experimental and theoretical studies of plasmon–molecule interactions (2012)

Plasmon-molecule interactions are widely believed to involve photo-induced interferences between the localized excitation of individual electrons in molecules and the large collective excitation of conduction electrons in metal particles. The intrinsic multi-scale characteristics of plasmon-molecule interactions not only offer great opportunities for realizing precise top-down control of the optical properties of individual molecules, but also allow for accurate bottom-up manipulation of light polarization and propagation as a result of molecular excitation. However, the temporal and spatial complexity of plasmon-molecule experiments severely limits our interpretation and understanding of interactions that have important applications in dye-sensitized solar cells, single-molecule detectors, photoconductive molecular electronics, all-optical switching and photo-catalytic water splitting. This review aims to outline recent progress in experimental practice and theory for probing and exploiting the subtle coupling between discrete molecular orbitals and continuous metallic bands. For each experimental technique or theoretical model, the fundamental mechanisms and relevant applications are discussed in detail with specific examples. In addition, the experimental validation of theoretical models and the computational design of functional devices are both highlighted. Finally, a brief summary is presented together with an outlook for potential future directions of this emerging interdisciplinary research field.
Work Began on Contracts for Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology Research and Development (2005)

NASA has had a history of successful space flight missions that depended on radioisotope-fueled power systems. These Radioisotope Power Systems (RPSs) converted the heat generated from the decay of radioisotope material into useful electrical power. An RPS is most attractive in applications where photovoltaics are not optimal, such as deep-space applications where the solar flux is too low or extended applications on planets such as Mars where the day/night cycle, settling of dust, and life requirements limit the usefulness of photovoltaics. NASA s Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology (RPCT) Program is developing next-generation power-conversion technologies that will enable future missions that have requirements that cannot be met by the two RPS flight systems currently being developed by the Department of Energy for NASA: the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator and the Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG).
Two-dimensional free space electric field imaging using electric field induced second harmonic generation (2022)

We present a new, to the best of our knowledge, approach for the measurement of the localized electric field distribution in air using electric field induced second harmonic generation combined with a microscopic imaging technique. This method only needs two snapshot second harmonic images with orthogonal polarizations to obtain the two-dimensional spatial distribution of the intensity and direction of the electric field. The distribution of a local electric field was clearly measured with a spatial resolution of 8.8 µm by using this method. The measurement of a single second harmonic image takes 5 s by using a 5 kHz repetition rate femtosecond laser.
Hybrid Kinect Depth Map Refinement for Transparent Objects (2014)

Depth sensors such as Kinect fail to find the depth of transparent objects which makes 3D reconstruction of such objects a challenge. The refinement algorithms for Kinect depth maps either do not address transparency or they only provide sparse depth on such objects which is inadequate for dense 3D reconstruction. In order to solve this problem, we propose a fully-connected CRF based hybrid refinement algorithm. We incorporate stereo cues from cross-modal stereo between IR and RGB cameras of the Kinect and Kinect's depth map. Our algorithm does not require any additional cameras and still provides dense depth estimations of transparent objects and specular surfaces with high accuracy.
Implications of long-distance flavonoid movement inArabidopsis thaliana (2008)

Flavonoid synthesis is modulated by developmental and environmental signals that control the amounts and localization of the diverse flavonoids found in plants. Flavonoids are implicated in regulating a number of physiological processes including UV protection, fertilization, auxin transport, plant architecture, gravitropism and pathogenic and symbiotic interactions with other organisms. Recently we showed that flavonoids can move long distances in plants, which may facilitate these molecules reaching positions in the plant where these processes are regulated. The localised application of selective flavonoids to tt4 mutants such as naringenin, dihydrokaempferol and dihydroquercetin showed that they were taken up at the root tip, mid-root or cotyledons and travelled long distances via cell-to-cell movement to distal tissues and converted to quercetin and kaempferol. In contrast, kaempferol and quercetin do not move long distances. They were taken up only at the root tip and did not move from this position. Here we show the movement of endogenous flavonoids by using reciprocal grafting experiments between tt4 and wild-type seedlings. These results demonstrated that to understand the distribution of flavonoids in Arabidopsis, it is necessary to know where the flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes are made and to understand the mechanisms by which certain flavonoids move from their site of synthesis.
Thiocarbonate collectors in pyrite flotation ? fundamentals and applications (2003)

Recent results from electrochemical measurements demonstrate that trithiocarbonate (TTC) collectors are more readily oxidized to their corresponding dithiolates than the dithiocarbonate/xanthate (DTC) collectors. Based on the traditional analysis of collector adsorption, trithiocarbonates might then be expected to be effective for bulk sulfide mineral flotation. Previous bench-scale flotation research had shown that TIC collectors are very effective for the flotation of copper sulfide minerals and POM (platinum group metal) sulfide minerals. More recently, the TIC collectors were evaluated for auriferous pyrite recovery in benchscale plant scale flotation testing in the United States and in plant tests at Anglogold in South Africa. TIC collectors were also applied in bench-scale testing of a POM ore. In each case an improved separation efficiency was realized. Fundamental studies at the University of Utah examining the effect of collector structure (functional group, -O-CS2 versus -S-CS2), specifically with respect to auriferous pyrite flotation, are in progress. The effect of collector structure was evaluated with air as well as nitrogen as the flotation gas medium. Experimental techniques utilized included electrochemically controlled contact angle measurements to evaluate mineral hydrophobicity and infrared spectroscopy to explain collector adsorption phenomena at the mineral surface.
Edge effects in a strongly coupled dipole element array in triangular lattice (2014)

In this work the focus is on the impact of edge effects in the equilateral triangular lattice of a strongly coupled dipole antenna array. A novel wideband strongly coupled, single polarized, dipole ...
Pd–Au Bimetal Supported on Rutile–TiO2 for Selective Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide by Oxidation of H2 with O2 under Atmospheric Pressure (2007)

Abstract Rutile TiO2 support is effective for increasing the formation rate as well as selectivity to H2O2. A great enhancement in the H2O2 formation rate and selectivity is achieved by controlling the particle size of Pd–Au (7:3 in weight ratio) alloy, and the average size of 18 nm exhibits the high selectivity to H2O2 under atmospheric pressure.
Generation and Reactivity of the 4-Aminophenyl Cation by Photolysis of 4-Chloroaniline (2001)

4-Chloroaniline and its N,N-dimethyl derivative are photostable in cyclohexane but undergo efficient photoheterolysis in polar media via the triplet state and give the corresponding triplet phenyl cations. CASSCF and UB3LYP calculations show that the 4-aminophenyl triplet cation has a planar geometry and is stabilized by >10 kcal mol(-1) with respect to the slightly bent singlet. The triplet has a mixed carbene-diradical character at the divalent carbon. This species either adds to the starting substrate forming 5-chloro-2,4'-diaminodiphenyls (via an intermediate cyclohexadienyl cation) or is reduced to the aniline (via the aniline radical cation) in a ratio depending on the hydrogen-donating properties of the solvent. Transients attributable to the triplet aminophenyl cation as well as to the ensuing intermediates are detected. Chemical evidence for the generation of the phenyl cation is given by trapping via electrophilic substitution with benzene, mesitylene, and hexamethylbenzene (in the last case the main product is a 6-aryl-3-methylene-1,4-cyclohexadiene). Relative rates of electrophilic attack to benzene and to some alkenes and five-membered heterocycles are measured and span over a factor of 15 or 30 for the two cations. The triplet cation formed under these conditions is trapped by iodide more efficiently than by the best pi nucleophiles. However, in contrast to the singlet cation, it does not form ethers with alcohols, by which it is rather reduced.
Experimental evidence for the existence of enhanced density of states and canonical spin-glass behavior in Al-Mn (-Si) quasicrystals (1988)

We report experimental evidence for an enhanced density of states at the Fermi level in ${\mathrm{Al}}_{86}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{14}$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{75}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{20}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{5}$ quasicrystals (QC) as indicated by the low-temperature specific heat and resistivity. The excess specific-heat term, \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\gamma}, is proportional to the Mn concentration in these QC samples as is the case for dilute AlMn alloys. Spin-glass-like behavior is observed in both QC samples. In Al-Mn-Si, the relative frequency dependence of the ac susceptibility cusp is comparable to canonical spin glasses such as AgMn or CuMn.
Abstract 224: Repetitive Doses of Epinephrine Do Not Improve Myocardial Flow and Outcome: A Randomized Porcine Study (2014)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of repetitive doses of epinephrine (EPI) on coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), coronary flow expressed as average peak velocity (APV) in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and ventricular fibrillation waveform analysis (AMSA). Method: 36 pigs were randomized to receive EPI of 0.03 mg/kg (0.03 group), 0.02 mg/kg (0.02 group), or to NaCl (Control group). Following one minute of ventricular fibrillation, 15 minutes of mechanical chest compressions according to guidelines were given (LUCAS™2, Physio-Control/Jolife AB Sweden). During the chest compression period EPI or NaCl were given every 3 rd minute. Calculations of CPP, APV and AMSA values were done at the time of injection and at the following peak value of each parameter measured. Number of ROSC animals in each group was also evaluated. There was a significant increase in CPP at peak 1 (47 mmHg vs. 29 mmHg, P = 0.013) in the 0.03 group and at peak 2 (50 mmHg vs. 28 mmHg P = 0.023) and 3 (42 mmHg vs. 28 mmHg, P = 0.026) in the 0.02 group compared to the Control group. APV was significantly increased only at peak 1 (19 cm/s vs. 11 cm/s, P = 0.018) in the 0.03 group when compared to the Control group. There was no significant difference at any time comparing the AMSA values between groups. ROSC was obtained in 58%, 58% and 84% of animals in, 0.03, 0.02 and Control group respectively, however this difference was not significant. Conclusion: During high quality chest compressions, repetitive doses of EPI increased CPP during the first 3 injections. Flow in LAD only increased following the first injection and AMSA did not improve at any time.
Establishing Genetic Interactions by a Synthetic Dosage Lethality Phenotype (1996)

We have devised a genetic screen, termed synthetic dosage lethality, in which a cloned "reference" gene is inducibly overexpressed in a set of mutant strains carrying potential "target" mutations. To test the specificity of the method, two reference genes, CTF13, encoding a centromere binding protein, and ORC6, encoding a subunit of the origin of replication binding complex, were overexpressed in a large collection of mutants defective in either chromosome segregation or replication. CTF13 overexpression caused synthetic dosage lethality in combination with ctf14-42 (cbf2, ndc10), ctf17-61 (chl4), ctf19-58 and ctf19-26. ORC6 overexpression caused synthetic dosage lethality in combination with cdc2-1, cdc6-1, cdc14-1, cdc16-1 and cdc46-1. These relationships reflect specific interactions, as overexpression of CTF13 caused lethality in kinetochore mutants and overexpression of ORC6 caused lethality in replication mutants. In contrast, only one case of dosage suppression was observed. We suggest that synthetic dosage lethality identifies a broad spectrum of interacting mutations and is of general utility in detecting specific genetic interactions using a cloned wild-type gene as a starting point. Furthermore, synthetic dosage lethality is easily adapted to the study of cloned genes in other organisms.
Giant overlap between the magnetic and superconducting phases of CeAu2Si2 under pressure (2014)

High pressure provides a powerful means for exploring unconventional superconductivity which appears mostly on the border of magnetism. Here we report the discovery of pressure-induced heavy fermion superconductivity up to 2.5 K in the antiferromanget CeAu2Si2 (TN ~ 10 K). Remarkably, the magnetic and superconducting phases are found to overlap across an unprecedentedly wide pressure interval from 11.8 to 22.3 GPa. Moreover, both the bulk Tc and TM are strongly enhanced when increasing the pressure from 16.7 to 20.2 GPa. Tc reaches a maximum at a pressure slightly below pc ~ 22.5 GPa, at which magnetic order disappears. Furthermore, the scaling behavior of the resistivity provides evidence for a continuous delocalization of the Ce 4f-electrons associated with a critical endpoint lying just above pc. We show that the maximum Tc of CeAu2Si2 actually occurs at almost the same unit-cell volume as that of CeCu2Si2 and CeCu2Ge2, and when the Kondo and crystal field splitting energies becomes comparable. Dynamical mean-filed theory calculations suggest that the peculiar behavior in pressurized CeAu2Si2 might be related to its Ce 4f-orbital occupancy. Our results not only provide a unique example of the interplay between superconductivity and magnetism, but also underline the role of orbital physics in understanding Ce-based heavy fermion systems.
Ranitidine analog, JWS-USC-75IX, enhances memory-related task performance in rats (1999)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential cognitive effects and nicotinic receptor binding affinity of a ranitidine analog previously found to antagonize M 2 muscarinic-cholinergic receptors and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro. Several doses of JWS-USC-751X (JWS) were evaluated in rats in three memory-related tasks, a passive avoidance (PA) paradigm, the Morris Water Maze (MWM), and a delayed stimulus discrimination task (DSDT). Rat groups (n per dose) were as follows: PA = Wistar, n = 20-25; MWM = 1-year-old Long-Evans, n = 7-8; and DSDT Wistar, n = 6. In PA, JWS (1.0 mg/kg) improved scopolamine (SCOP)-induced deficits in learning to avoid an unsafe region of a shuttle box as indicated by both latency and learning frequency analysis. In the MWM, JWS (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg) improved spatial navigation learning as demonstrated by the improved ability of rats to locate a hidden platform on day 2 of an 8-day training schedule. Two doses (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) also improved spatial bias for the previous platform location when tested on day 9. JWS was not particularly effective at reducing SCOP-induced deficits in the MWM and failed to improve DSDT accuracy in a dose-dependent manner across delays. However, repeated optimal doses significantly improved DSDT accuracy at medium and long, presumably more difficult, delay intervals. JWS did not demonstrate a high affinity at nicotinic receptors as indicated in [ 3 H]-cytisine displacement assays. The data thus indicate moderate improvements in the performance of three memory-related tasks in both young and middle-aged rodents of two strains administered JWS. These results appear to substantiate the hypothesis that antagonizing both M 2 cholinergic receptors and AChE offers a potential means of improving cognition and supports the potential use of this agent (or similar compounds) in disorders of memory.
Prevention of breast cancer in the rat with 9-cis-retinoic acid as a single agent and in combination with tamoxifen. (1994)

We show that 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) is a potent inhibitor of mammary carcinogenesis induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were first treated with a single dose of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (50 mg/kg body weight) and then fed non-toxic levels of 9cRA (120 or 60 mg/kg of diet). 9cRA was highly effective in reducing tumor incidence, average number of tumors per rat, and average tumor burden, as well as extending tumor latency. The combination of 9cRA with low levels of tamoxifen (TAM; fed at either 1.0 or 0.5 mg/kg of diet) was particularly effective; addition of 9cRA to a TAM regimen doubled the number of animals that were tumor-free at autopsy and significantly diminished tumor number and tumor burden. For suppression of carcinogenesis in vivo, 9cRA was much more potent than all-trans-retinoic acid, both as a single agent or in combination with TAM, although both retinoids had equivalent inhibitory effects on DNA synthesis in cultured human breast cancer cell lines. Both 9cRA and all-trans-retinoic acid induce the expression of the adhesion molecule, E-cadherin, in the SK-BR-3 cell line. We suggest that clinical evaluation of the combination of 9cRA and TAM, either for chemoprevention or for adjuvant therapy, should be considered.
Social neuroscience in psychiatry: unravelling the neural mechanisms of social dysfunction (2014)

Social neuroscience is a flourishing, interdisciplinary field that investigates the underlying biological processes of social cognition and behaviour. The recent application of social neuroscience to psychiatric research advances our understanding of various psychiatric illnesses that are characterized by impairments in social cognition and social functioning. In addition, the upcoming line of social neuroscience research provides new techniques to design and evaluate treatment interventions that are aimed at improving patients' social lives. This review provides a contemporary overview of social neuroscience in psychiatry. We draw together the major findings about the neural mechanisms of social cognitive processes directed at understanding others and social interactions in psychiatric illnesses and discuss their implications for future research and clinical practice.
SNPs in transporter and metabolizing genes as predictive markers for oxaliplatin treatment in colorectal cancer patients (2016)

Oxaliplatin is frequently used as part of a chemotherapeutic regimen with 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). The cellular availability of oxaliplatin is dependent on metabolic and transporter enzymes. Variants in genes encoding these enzymes may cause variation in response to oxaliplatin and could be potential predictive markers. Therefore, we used a two-step procedure to comprehensively investigate 1,444 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from these pathways for their potential as predictive markers for oxaliplatin treatment, using 623 stage II-IV CRC patients (of whom 201 patients received oxaliplatin) from a German prospective patient cohort treated with adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy. First, all genes were screened using the global test that evaluated SNP*oxaliplatin interaction terms per gene. Second, one model was created by backward elimination on all SNP*oxaliplatin interactions of the selected genes. The statistical procedure was evaluated using bootstrap analyses. Nine genes differentially associated with overall survival according to oxaliplatin treatment (unadjusted p values < 0.05) were selected. Model selection resulted in the inclusion of 14 SNPs from eight genes (six transporter genes, ABCA9, ABCB11, ABCC10, ATP1A1, ATP1B2, ATP8B3, and two metabolism genes GSTM5, GRHPR), which significantly improved model fit. Using bootstrap analysis we show an improvement of the prediction error of 3.7% in patients treated with oxaliplatin. Several variants in genes involved in metabolism and transport could thus be potential predictive markers for oxaliplatin treatment in CRC patients. If confirmed, inclusion of these variants in a predictive test could identify patients who are more likely to benefit from treatment with oxaliplatin.
Review Article Catheter Based Simultaneous Mapping of Cardiac Activation and Motion: A Review (2007)

Heart failure as a result of a variety of cardiac diseases is an ever growing, challenging condition that demands profound insight in the electrical and mechanical state of the myocardium. Assessment of cardiac function has largely relied on evaluation of cardiac motion by multiple imaging techniques. In recent years electrical properties have gained attention as heart failure could be improved by biventricular resynchronization therapy. In contrast to early belief, QRS widening as a result of left bundle branch block could not be identified as a surrogate for asynchronous contraction. The combined analysis of electrical and mechanical function is yet a largely experimental approach. Several mapping system are principally capable for this analysis, the most prominent being the NOGA-XP system. Electromechanical maps have concentrated on the local shortening of the reconstructed endocardial surface from end-diastole to end-systole. Temporal analysis of motion propagation, however, is a new aspect. The fundamental principles of percutaneous catheter based activation and motion assessment are reviewed. Related experimental setups are presented and their main findings discussed.