gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaccines based on the replication-deficient simian adenoviral vector ChAdOx1: Standardized template with key considerations for a risk/benefit assessment (2022)

Replication-deficient adenoviral vectors have been under investigation as a platform technology for vaccine development for several years and have recently been successfully deployed as an effective COVID-19 counter measure. A replication-deficient adenoviral vector based on the simian adenovirus type Y25 and named ChAdOx1 has been evaluated in several clinical trials since 2012. The Brighton Collaboration Benefit-Risk Assessment of VAccines by TechnolOgy (BRAVATO) was formed to evaluate the safety and other key features of new platform technology vaccines. This manuscript reviews key features of the ChAdOx1-vectored vaccines. The simian adenovirus Y25 was chosen as a strategy to circumvent pre-existing immunity to common human adenovirus serotypes which could impair immune responses induced by adenoviral vectored vaccines. Deletion of the E1 gene renders the ChAdOx1 vector replication incompetent and further genetic engineering of the E3 and E4 genes allows for increased insertional capability and optimizes vaccine manufacturing processes. ChAdOx1 vectored vaccines can be manufactured in E1 complementing cell lines at scale and are thermostable. The first ChAdOx1 vectored vaccines approved for human use, against SARS-CoV-2, received emergency use authorization in the UK on 30th December 2020, and is now approved in more than 180 countries. Safety data were compiled from phase I-III clinical trials of ChAdOx1 vectored vaccines expressing different antigens (influenza, tuberculosis, malaria, meningococcal B, prostate cancer, MERS-CoV, Chikungunya, Zika and SARS-CoV-2), conducted by the University of Oxford, as well as post marketing surveillance data for the COVID-19 Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. Overall, ChAdOx1 vectored vaccines have been well tolerated. Very rarely, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), capillary leak syndrome (CLS), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) have been reported following mass administration of the COVID-19 Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. The benefits of this COVID-19 vaccination have outweighed the risks of serious adverse events in most settings, especially with mitigation of risks when possible. Extensive immunogenicity clinical evaluation of ChAdOx1 vectored vaccines reveal strong, durable humoral and cellular immune responses to date; studies to refine the COVID-19 protection (e.g., via homologous/heterologous booster, fractional dose) are also underway. New prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines based on the ChAdOx1 vector are currently undergoing pre-clinical and clinical assessment, including vaccines against viral hemorrhagic fevers, Nipah virus, HIV, Hepatitis B, amongst others.
Credibility Assessment Using Wikipedia for Messages on Social Network Services (2011)

We propose methods for calculating credibility values of messages in Social Network Services (SNSs), such as Linked In and Face book. Many users post messages on SNSs, however, not all of these messages are credible. Our method is based on two assumptions: an SNS message is credible (1) if the SNS message is similar to information from other resources and (2) if the information is confirmed as credible. For assumption (1), we developed a method to retrieve similar descriptions from Wikipedia articles. For assumption (2), we developed a method for assessing Wikipedia articles using the edit history. Using these two methods, we can calculate accurate credibility values for SNS messages. In an experiment, we confirmed that our method can calculate appropriate credibility values for SNS messages if Wikipedia has credible articles related to the SNS messages.
Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic Hemoglobin and Myoglobin Function (1990)

CYTOPLASMIC HEMOGLOBINS 2 1 8 Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Occurrence . .. . . . .. .... 2 1 9 Plant Hemoglobins ..... 2 1 9 HEMOGLOBIN-DEPENDENT SySTEMS 22 1 Hemoglobins Function in States of Partial Oxygenation . 221 MYOGLOBIN-FACILiTATED OXYGEN DIFFUSION 224 MYOGLOBIN-MEDIATED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Isolated Cardiac Myocytes .... . . . . ... . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ..... .. 225 Soybean Root Nodules 226 HEMOGLOBIN-MEDIATED SULFIDE UTILIZATION . . . ..... 227 HEMOGLOBINS AS POTENTIAL TERMINAL OXIDASES 228 Yeast Hemoglobin . . . . . . ...... .. . . . . . 228 Bacterial Hemoglobin . . . . . . . 228 Horseradish Peroxidase ......... . . . ..... 231 Myoglobin ... 232 Ferryl Hemoglobin in Tissue 232 MYOGLOBIN AND LEGHEMOGLOBIN-ASSOCIATED IRON 233 A Protein from Pigeon Breast Muscle '' ' ' ' ' ' ' ''''''''' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '''''''''''''' ' ' ' ' '''''''''' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 233 Chela ted Iron from Soybean Root Nodules 233 Chelated Iron/rom Symbiont-Harboring Mollusc Gills 234 PERIPLASMIC HEMOGLOBIN 234
Compact and broadband polarization beam splitter based on a silicon nitride augmented low-index guiding structure (2015)

We propose a compact polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on a silicon nitride enhanced silicon-on-insulator platform using an augmented low-index guiding (ALIG) waveguide structure. In the ALIG structure, the TM mode is mostly confined in the low-index silicon nitride, while the TE mode is confined in the high-index silicon. Since the two modes are confined in two separate layers, their properties can be controlled independently. The PBS is formed using an asymmetric multimode interference (MMI) section. The TM mode is directed to an output port by the ALIG waveguide, while the TE mode is coupled to the other output port via the multimode interferometer. Such a PBS has a very small footprint, low insertion loss, high polarization extinction ratio, and broadband response.
Redox Oxides for Thermochemical Energy Storage (2019)

Solar energy presents enormous potential to spearhead the fight against climate change. However, due to its intrinsic intermittent character it requires an energy storage media for fully exploiting its potential. Although there are several competing and partially complementary technologies for achieving that goal, thermochemical processes are becoming relevant in concentrating solar power plants for energy storage. Among the systems used for those applications, redox metal oxides stand out as very flexible and robust materials for either direct heat storage, or CO2 and H2O splitting in thermochemical cycles for solar fuel production. Furthermore, methane chemical looping reforming coupled with CO2 valorisation and/or H2O dissociation is an incompletely decarbonised route that can also take advantage of these materials. This alternative strategy compensates sustainability losses by increasing the overall efficiency. All these processes operate at high temperatures swinging from an oxidised to a reduced state, and this fact imposes harsh conditions to the stability of the solids acting as oxygen carriers. The latest developments in this area are described in detail here, paying attention to the relevance of structural and morphological changes, as well as to the role of thermodynamics and kinetics aspects on the performance of these redox transformations in the solid–gas interphase.
Observing the Intrinsic Linewidth of a Quantum-Cascade Laser: Beyond the Schawlow-Townes Limit (2010)

A comprehensive investigation of the frequency-noise spectral density of a free-running midinfrared quantum-cascade laser is presented for the first time. It provides direct evidence of the leveling of this noise down to a white-noise plateau, corresponding to an intrinsic linewidth of a few hundred hertz. The experiment is in agreement with the most recent theory on the fundamental mechanism of line broadening in quantum-cascade lasers, which provides a new insight into the Schawlow-Townes formula and predicts a narrowing beyond the limit set by the radiative lifetime of the upper level.
Defective membrane fusion and repair inAnoctamin5-deficient muscular dystrophy (2016)

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies are a genetically diverse group of diseases characterized by chronic muscle wasting and weakness. Recessive mutations in ANO5 (TMEM16E) have been directly linked to several clinical phenotypes including limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2L and Miyoshi myopathy type 3, although the pathogenic mechanism has remained elusive. ANO5 is a member of the Anoctamin/TMEM16 superfamily that encodes both ion channels and regulators of membrane phospholipid scrambling. The phenotypic overlap of ANO5 myopathies with dysferlin-associated muscular dystrophies has inspired the hypothesis that ANO5, like dysferlin, may be involved in the repair of muscle membranes following injury. Here we show that Ano5-deficient mice have reduced capacity to repair the sarcolemma following laser-induced damage, exhibit delayed regeneration after cardiotoxin injury and suffer from defective myoblast fusion necessary for the proper repair and regeneration of multinucleated myotubes. Together, these data suggest that ANO5 plays an important role in sarcolemmal membrane dynamics. Genbank Mouse Genome Informatics accession no. 3576659.
Amyloid beta peptides in human plasma and tissues and their significance for Alzheimer's disease (2008)

Efforts to use plasma levels of Abeta peptides as AD biomarkers or disease-staging scales have failed. Peripheral tissues might contribute to both the circulating amyloid pool and AD pathology within the brain and its vasculature. The wide spread of plasma Abeta values is also due in part to the ability of Abeta to bind to a variety of plasma and membrane proteins. Sources outside the CNS must be accounted for because pharmacologic interventions to reduce cerebral amyloid are assessed by monitoring Abeta plasma levels. Furthermore, the long-range impact of Abeta immunotherapy on peripheral Abeta sources should also be considered.
Detection of lung cancer by ratio fluorometry with and without Photofrin II (1990)

Fluorescence bronchoscopy with a ratio fluorometer probe was used to examine patients with known or suspected bronchogenic carcinoma to determine if early lung cancer can be detected with low dose Photofrin II without skin photosensitivity. Seventeen patients were examined 24 hours after injection of 0.25 mg/kg Photofrin II. Using a red-green (R/G) ratio of greater than 1.5 times the mean value of normal areas as being potentially significant, both carcinoma in situ and invasive cancers were accurately localized (sensitivity 100%, specificity 61%). The majority of the false positive fluorescence (80%) came from the lesions with dysplasia. The elevated R/G ratios from the cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions were found to be due to a significantly lower green autofluorescence. No skin photosensitivity was observed on all seventeen patients. Ratio fluorometry was also carried out in thirty-one patients with known or suspected lung cancer without Photofrin II. A similar diagnostic accuracy was found (sensitivity 90%, specificity 86%). Our results suggest that early lung cancer may be detectable by ratio fluorometry by exploiting autofluorescence differences between tumor and normal tissues.
Enhanced conductance of chlorine-terminated Si(111) surfaces: Formation of a two-dimensional hole gas via chemical modification (2005)

Chlorine termination of low-doped, $n$-type Si(111) is found to lead to an increase in conductance relative to the hydrogen-terminated surface. This increase is attributed to formation of an inversion layer due to the strongly electron withdrawing character of the chemisorbed chlorine. The presence of this inversion layer is confirmed by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and Hall effect measurements. Electron beam irradiation destroys the inversion layer, suggesting a route to nanoscale patterning of this 2D hole gas.
Design and Development of Oxynitride Photocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting under Visible Light Irradiation (2015)

Abstract Photocatalytic overall water splitting into H 2 and O 2 is expected to be a promising method for the efficient utilization of solar energy. The design of optimal photocatalyst structures is a key to efficient overall water splitting. The photocatalyst used is generally a composite of particulate semiconductor and cocatalyst nanoparticles. Thus, the photocatalyst has the properties of both a semiconductor and a catalyst. In the design of photocatalysts for water splitting, both of these aspects should be taken into consideration. In the present article, we introduce key approaches that have led to the recent progress in oxynitride photocatalysts for visible‐light‐driven water splitting. In particular, band engineering of semiconductors by compositional modification and effective surface coating, which has a molecular sieving function to control the surface redox reactions, are explained through recent advances in our studies as examples.
Investigation of Scanning Droplet Cell Technology for Electrochemical Deposition of Custom Three-Dimensional Alloys (2022)

The goal of this project was to assess the feasibility of a new method of electroplating, which we have termed “electroprinting”, for fabricating millimeter to centimeter metal parts with full density, and eventually, with bespoke 3D internal density patterns. Alloys, gradients and varying density is beyond the scope of this work, and efforts were focused on developing the technology to be capable of printing solid parts, beyond the lines and columns previously reported in the literature. Enabling this technology would expand the design space possible for the WPD program, allowing for smooth and complex density gradients in parts rather than discrete density steps between multilayers. We successfully designed and built an electroprinting apparatus, capable of printing copper in customizable 1-D patterns, which can be printed in stacked layers to form 3D parts. We successfully characterized the flat printed patterns, however, have encountered difficulty in characterizing multilayer prints. We have partially addressed the feasibility question, by developing the method for electroprinting 3D parts, however, some questions about the internal porosity and density of these parts still remain.
Design of Perchlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) Radical‐Based Compounds for Optoelectronic Applications: The Role of Orbital Delocalization (2018)

Perchlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) radical-based compounds are widely exploited as molecular switching units. However, their application in optoelectronics is limited by the fact that they exhibit intense absorption bands only in a narrow range of the UV region around 385 nm. Recent experimental works have reported new PTM based compounds which present a broad absorption in the visible region although the origin of this behavior is not fully explained. In this context, Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) calculations have been performed to rationalize the optical properties of these compounds. Moreover, a new compound based on PTM disubstituted with bistriazene units has been synthetized and characterized to complete the set of available experimental data on related compounds. The results point to the delocalization of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) of the substituents along the PTM core as the origin of the new high absorption bands in the visible region. As a consequence, the absorption of the PTM-based compounds can be tuned via the choice of the nature of the donor substituent, type of connection, and number of substituents.
Registration patterns: the generic framework for image registration of the insight toolkit (2003)

This paper describes the design and implementation of the generic framework for image registration contained in the National Library of Medicine NLM/NIH Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK). The problem of image registration has been modeled here as a structure of pluggable components that can be easily interchanged. The rationale behind the framework is presented in this paper both from the image processing and software engineering points of view. ITK is an open source project that provides a platform for developing image processing and analysis applications. State of the art practices of software engineering have been used for the design, implementation and testing of the toolkit. The source code can be downloaded free of charge and used in academic and commercial applications.
The Development of Genetic Tools for Dissecting the Biology of Malaria Parasites (2000)

Plasmodium parasites are haploid unicellular organisms that cause malaria. In the last decade, transfection systems have been developed for both human and animal model species of Plasmodium, providing a broad range of genetic tools for the study of malaria parasite biology. Transient transfection has been used to provide insight into the regulation of gene expression by Plasmodium spp. The development of stable transfection technologies has provided the opportunity to express transgenes in Plasmodium spp., as well as elucidate the function of proteins by disrupting, modifying, or replacing the genes encoding them. These genetic tools represent an important breakthrough for malaria research and will significantly contribute to our understanding of the biology of the parasite. However, further developments in this technology are still required, especially because the full genome sequence of the major human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum will shortly be available. Ultimately, the biological information obtained through genetic manipulation of Plasmodium spp. will facilitate a more rational approach to vaccine and drug design.
Acoustic Wake-Up Receivers for Home Automation Control Applications (2016)

Automated home applications are to ease the use of technology and devices around the house. Most of the electronic devices, like shutters or entertainment products (Hifi, TV and even WiFi), are constantly in a standby mode, where they consume a considerable amount of energy. The standby mode is necessary to react to commands triggered by the user, but the time the device spends in a standby mode is considered long. In our work, we present a receiver that is attached to home appliances that allows the devices to be activated while they are completely turned off in order to reduce the energy consumed in the standby mode. The receiver contains a low power wake-up module that reacts to an addressable acoustic 20-kHz sound signal that controls home devices that are connected to it. The acoustic wake-up signal can be sent by any kind of speaker that is available in commercial smartphones. The smartphones will operate as transmitters to the signals. Our wake-up receiver consists of two parts: a low power passive circuit connected to a wake-up chip microcontroller and an active micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) microphone that receives the acoustic signal. A duty cycle is required to reduce the power consumption of the receiver, because the signal reception occurs when the microphone is active. The current consumption was measured to be 15 μA in sleep mode and 140 μA in active mode. An average wake-up range of 10 m using a smartphone as a sender was achieved.
Multi-Scale Object Histogram Distance for LCCD Using Bi-Temporal Very-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images (2018)

To improve the performance of land-cover change detection (LCCD) using remote sensing images, this study utilises spatial information in an adaptive and multi-scale manner. It proposes a novel multi-scale object histogram distance (MOHD) to measure the change magnitude between bi-temporal remote sensing images. Three major steps are related to the proposed MOHD. Firstly, multi-scale objects for the post-event image are extracted through a widely used algorithm called the fractional net evaluation approach. The pixels within a segmental object are taken to construct the pairwise frequency distribution histograms. An arithmetic frequency-mean feature is then defined from the red, green and blue band histogram. Secondly, bin-to-bin distance is adapted to measure the change magnitude between the pairwise objects of bi-temporal images. The change magnitude image (CMI) of the bi-temporal images can be generated through object-by-object. Finally, the classical binary method Otsu is used to divide the CMI to a binary change detection map. Experimental results based on two real datasets with different land-cover change scenes demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MOHD approach in detecting land-cover change compared with three widely used existing approaches.
Melanogenesis‐Inhibitory Activity and Cancer Chemopreventive Effect of Glucosylcucurbic Acid from Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) Kernels (2015)

Two jasmonate derivatives, glucosylcucurbic acid (1) and methyl glucosylcucurbate (2), were isolated from the MeOH extract of defatted shea (Vitellaria paradoxa; Sapotaceae) kernels. These and their deglucosylated derivatives, cucurbic acid (3) and methyl cucurbate (4), were evaluated for their melanogenesis-inhibitory and cancer chemopreventive potencies. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 exhibited potent melanogenesis-inhibitory activities in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16 melanoma cells. Western-blot analysis revealed that compounds 1 and 3 reduced the protein levels of MITF (=microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), tyrosinase, TRP-1 (=tyrosine-related protein 1), and TRP-2 mostly in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, compound 1 exhibited inhibitory effects against Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, against TPA-induced inflammation in mice, and against skin tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis test based on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator, and with TPA as promoter.
Sharing in a Trustless World: Privacy-Preserving Data Analytics with Potentially Cheating Participants (2021)

Lack of trust between organisations and privacy concerns about their data are impediments to an otherwise potentially symbiotic joint data analysis. We propose DataRing, a data sharing system that allows mutually mistrusting participants to query each others' datasets in a privacy-preserving manner while ensuring the correctness of input datasets and query answers even in the presence of (cheating) participants deviating from their true datasets. By relying on the assumption that if only a small subset of rows of the true dataset are known, participants cannot submit answers to queries deviating significantly from their true datasets. We employ differential privacy and a suite of cryptographic tools to ensure individual privacy for each participant's dataset and data confidentiality from the system. Our results show that the evaluation of 10 queries on a dataset with 10 attributes and 500,000 records is achieved in 90.63 seconds. DataRing could detect cheating participant that deviates from its true dataset in few queries with high accuracy.
Ionic Liquid Flow Battery Materials and Prototyping. (2015)

Abstract not provided.