gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[An autopsy case of a pacemaker implanted patient]. (1995)

A pacemaker implanted patient (female, 78 years old) was found dead in her bed and judicially autopsied. Before postmortem inspection the pacemaker was removed by a doctor. We report the problems in such as the doctor's treatment, additionally accommodation of medical examiners and police, and determination of a cause of death in autopsy.
VQ Compression Algorithms on a Shared-Memory Multiprocessor (2006)

Summary form only given. We implemented parallel algorithms for vector quantization (VQ) compression on a shared-memory parallel environment and evaluated the effectiveness of the parallel algorithms. On such a system, we evaluate two parallel algorithms for the codebook generation of the VQ compression: parallel LBG and parallel tPNN and find that the parallel tPNN is superior in terms of space complexity, whereas the parallel LBG is superior in terms of time complexity and parallelism
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor facilitates maturation of mesenchymal stem cell‐derived dopamine progenitors to functional neurons (2009)

The generation of dopamine (DA) neurons from stem cells holds great promise in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and other neural disease associated with dysfunction of DA neurons. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the adult bone marrow show plasticity with regards to generating cells of other germ layers. In addition to reduced ethical concerns, MSCs could be transplanted across allogeneic barriers, making them desirable stem cells for clinical applications. We have reported on the generation of DA cells from human MSCs using sonic hedgehog (SHH), fibroblast growth factor 8 and basic fibroblast growth factor. Despite the secretion of DA, the cells did not show evidence of functional neurons, and were therefore designated DA progenitors. Here, we report on the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the maturation of the MSC-derived DA progenitors. 9-day induced MSCs show significant tropomyosin-receptor-kinase B expression, which correlate with its ligand, BDNF, being able to induce functional maturation. The latter was based on Ca2+ imaging analyses and electrophysiology. BDNF-treated cells showed the following: increases in intracellular Ca2+ upon depolarization and after stimulation with the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and GABA and, post-synaptic currents by electrophysiological analyses. In addition, BDNF induced increased DA release upon depolarization. Taken together, these results demonstrate the crucial role for BDNF in the functional maturation of MSC-derived DA progenitors.
Guiding Wheelchairs by Active Optical Profilometry, for Persons with Multiple Disabilities (2016)

International audience
Supermode behavior of coupled two-stripe AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs quantum-well heterostructure lasers (1987)

Data are presented on the simplest form of multiple-stripe laser array, a gain-guided two-stripe configuration of wide spacing (∼15 μm, weak or moderate coupling), showing the effects of the two forms of supermode oscillation on the laser’s L-I characteristic, far-field emission pattern, and radiation spectrum. Measurements of the spatial dependence of the gain, at various currents, for a modified (antireflection-coated) two-stripe AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs quantum-well heterostucture laser diode provides a basis for explaining the onset of oscillations of both forms of supermodes (n=1, symmetric or ‘‘even,’’ and n=2, antisymmetric or ‘‘odd’’). These results agree with the significant band filling of the single quantum well and the supermode energy splitting of ∼15 meV in high-level laser operation. The data and results presented are obtained by operating antireflection-coated diodes in a tunable external grating cavity and by taking gain measurements on and between the stripes at the Fabry–Perot facets.
Studies on fluorinated pyrimidines. II. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 5-fluoro-6-substituted-5,6-dihydrouracil-5-carboxylic acid derivatives. (1982)

Various derivatives of 5-fluoro-5, 6-dihydrouracil with an alkoxycarbonyl, substituted carbamoyl, or cyano group at C-5, and one of a variety of substituents, i.e., alkoxy, substituted mercapto, substituted amino, acyl amino, and alkylidene- and arylideneaminooxy at C-6, have been synthesized as a class of potential pro-drugs of autitumor agents, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (Ftorafur). Antitumor activity of these compounds against leukemia P388 or L1210 in mice and antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea are described.
Parallel line-based structure from motion by using omnidirectional camera in textureless scene (2012)

In this paper, we propose a reconstruction method for a 3D structure using sequential omnidirectional images in an artificial environment. The proposed method is fundamentally categorized into the Structure from Motion (SfM) technique. The conventional point-based SfM using a standard camera is, however, likely to fail to recover a 3D structure in an artificial and textureless environment such as a corridor. To tackle this problem, the proposed technique uses an omnidirectional camera and line-based SfM. Line features, such as a borderline of a wall and a floor or a window frame, are easy to discern in an artificial environment comparing point features, even in a textureless scene. In addition, an omnidirectional camera can track features for a long period because of its wide field-of-view. Extracted line features in an artificial environment are often mutually parallel. Parallel lines provide valuable constraints for camera movement estimation. Directions and locations of lines are estimated simultaneously with 3D camera movements. A 3D model of the environment is constructed from measurement results of lines and edge points. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Galactic-disk enhancement of cosmic rays at E > 10**12-eV (2001)

We observed an enhancement of cosmic rays from the Vela region with SAS array at Mt. Chacaltaya in Bolivia. It is not possible to conclude that this enhancement is caused by primary gamma-rays, since the observed events not limited with the less muons in the air showers show the same enhancement. In order to confirm this result with improved statistics and to investigate the energy dependence of this enhancement, we have installed a new array, called MAS array. All the data with much higher statistics show the enhancement along the Whole galactic disk.
Geometrical tuning of photonic crystal defect lasers (2000)

The lasing frequency of 2-D photonic crystal defect cavities is tuned by varying crystal geometry. A 10×10 array of photonic crystal defect cavity lasers is fabricated in a 100µm×100µm area, covering a wavelength span of 1480-1600nm.
A comparison of six DNA extraction protocols for 16S, ITS, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing of microbial communities (2022)

Abstract Microbial communities contain a broad phylogenetic diversity of organisms, however the majority of methods center on describing bacteria and archaea. Fungi are important symbionts in many ecosystems, and are potentially important members of the human microbiome, beyond those that can cause disease. To expand our analysis of microbial communities to include fungal ITS data, we compared five candidate DNA extraction kits against our standardized protocol for describing bacteria and archaea using 16S rRNA gene amplicon- and shotgun metagenomics sequencing. We present results considering a diverse panel of host-associated and environmental sample types, and comparing the cost, processing time, well-to-well contamination, DNA yield, limit of detection, and microbial community composition among protocols. Across all criteria, we found the MagMAX Microbiome kit to perform best. The PowerSoil Pro kit performed comparably, but with increased cost per sample and overall processing time. The Zymo MagBead, NucleoMag Food, and Norgen Stool kits were included. Accession numbers Raw sequence data were deposited at the European Nucleotide Archive (accession#: ERP124610) and raw and processed data are available at Qiita (Study ID: 12201). All processing and analysis code is available on GitHub (github.com/justinshaffer/Extraction_kit_testing). Methods summary To allow for downstream applications involving fungi in addition to bacteria and archaea, we compared five DNA extraction kits with our previously established, standardized protocol for extracting DNA for microbial community analysis. Across ten diverse sample types, we found one extraction kit to perform comparably or better than our standardized protocol. Our conclusion is based on per-sample comparisons of DNA yield, the number of quality-filtered sequences generated, the limit of detection of microbial cells, microbial community alpha-diversity, beta-diversity, and taxonomic composition, and extent of well-to-well contamination.
Deadbeat Voltage Control for a Grid-Forming Power Converter With LCL Filter (2022)

Grid-forming power converters are controlled as voltage sources to regulate the grid voltage and frequency. These converters can increase power system strength if they impose a voltage waveform resilient to grid transients. For this reason, in this paper, we propose a deadbeat control strategy of the capacitor voltage for high power converters with <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LCL</i> filter. To damp the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LCL</i> resonant poles, an active damping strategy is developed, based on a modification of the deadbeat control law. With this purpose, a notch filter is applied to the electrical variables allowing to emulate different damping resistances for the fundamental component and the harmonics. As a result, the active damping does not introduce tracking errors of the fundamental frequency component, while it provides damping to the filter resonance. The proposed strategy does not require knowledge of the grid impedance, an interesting feature in grid-connected power converters because the grid impedance is generally unknown. Experimental results validate the proposed strategy.
Piecewise Stationary Modeling of Random Processes Over Graphs With an Application to Traffic Prediction (2019)

Stationarity is a key assumption in many statistical models for random processes. With recent developments in the field of graph signal processing, the conventional notion of wide-sense stationarity has been extended to random processes defined on the vertices of graphs. It has been shown that well-known spectral graph kernel methods assume that the underlying random process over a graph is stationary. While many approaches have been proposed, both in machine learning and signal processing literature, to model stationary random processes over graphs, they are too restrictive to characterize real-world datasets as most of them are non-stationary processes. In this paper, to well-characterize a non-stationary process over graph, we propose a novel model and a computationally efficient algorithm that partitions a large graph into disjoint clusters such that the process is stationary on each of the clusters but independent across clusters. We evaluate our model for traffic prediction on a large-scale dataset of fine-grained highway travel times in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. The accuracy of our method is very close to the state-of-the-art graph based deep learning methods while the computational complexity of our model is substantially smaller.
Combining electrical and optical techniques to develop a novel modality for neural activation (2010)

Infrared neural stimulation (INS) provides an artifact-free, contact-free and spatially selective alternative to electrical methods of neural activation. However, INS is limited by an approximately 2:1 ratio of radiant exposures (J/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) inducing damage to those required for stimulation. Current laser power requirements for stimulation also provide challenges to implanting INS-based technology. While characteristics of INS are desirable in both the clinical and research arenas, these challenges must be overcome for INS to see widespread application. Here we describe a novel nerve stimulation modality combining optical and electrical techniques of neural stimulation. Radiant exposures required for stimulation are reduced by as much as 3-fold when delivered concomitantly with a sub-threshold electrical stimulus, effectively increasing the aforementioned ratio from 2:1 to 6:1. Spatial selectivity attributed to INS is maintained with hybrid stimulation. These results will directly facilitate the applications and technology associated with INS.
Validation of noise estimation for a clinical contrast-to-noise ratio for digital mammographic imaging (2018)

Mammographic image quality is important to monitor to maximize diagnostic performance while minimizing patient exposure to ionizing radiation. Phantom imaging for quality control permits practical monitoring of signal and noise, and to optimize use of dose via the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). However, it remains a challenge to directly and objectively evaluate CNR in clinical images due to subject variability. A novel clinical image CNR metric has been developed that derives an estimate of system-dependent image noise and references contrast to tissue composition. The present work uses phantom images to validate the noise estimates and to demonstrate sensitivity to imaging conditions. Images of 1 cm adipose-equivalent blocks with 2, 3, and 5 cm 50/50 swirl phantoms and uniform 50/50 blocks were acquired using AEC-selected parameters, and at 0.33 and 0.5 of the AEC-selected mAs at 6 cm. Digital mammograms (DM) were acquired on a GE Essential with and without FineView processing, and in conventional and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) views on a Hologic Selenia Dimensions. The CNR was computed using contrast between a 0.4 mm CaCO<sub>3</sub> speck in a target slab and adjacent background signal, and noise derived from paired raw and subtracted swirl phantom images. Swirl phantom CNR was estimated to within &plusmn;10&percnt; of uniform image CNR for GE and Hologic DM, and &plusmn;3&percnt; for Hologic DBT, and showed good sensitivity to acquisition technique. These results demonstrate promise for objective and efficient image quality evaluation from patient images, using noise estimates that effectively avoid signal related to tissue structure.
Potential neurotoxicity of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and its oligomers: widespread substances in carbohydrate-containing foods (2020)

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is present in numerous carbohydrate-containing consumer products and is readily converted into two oligomers (II and III) by acid-catalyzed transformations. Previous studies have demonstrated various undesirable effects of 5-HMF at relatively high concentrations. In this study, we demonstrate that 5-HMF and its two oligomers exert neurotoxic effects in vivo and in vitro. All three substances blocked the proliferation of PC12 and HT22 cells at the S or G2-M phase in dose- and time-dependent manners. In addition, [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]i and reactive oxygen species levels were both significantly increased by treatment with these substances at 100 μM, individually, compared with the control group. Although no motor and cognitive deficits are observed, 5-HMF and III can induce anxiety- and depression-like behavior in adolescent mice at administered doses of 0.15 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> and 1.5 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>in vivo, which are close to or less than the reported 24 h dietary intake of 5-HMF in humans. Together, our findings suggest the need for close monitoring of the content of these substances in food, as well as the need for studies on the effects of long-term exposure to them.
FREE-MARKET APPROACHES TO CONTROLLING CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS TO THE ATMOSPHERE A discussion of the scientific basis (2010)

Human activities are changing the Earth on a global scale affecting virtually every region and every ecosystem [1]. Not all changes have been intentional or for the better. A case in point is the emission of greenhouse gases. There is a growing consensus that the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere needs to be curtailed since it has
The Epidemiology of Dental Diseases in the Elderly1 (1984)

This paper summarizes and evaluates epidemiologic evidence on adult dental conditions with a focus on older adults. Information is presented on coronal caries; root caries; loss of teeth, attrition, abrasion, and erosion; periodontal diseases; and oral cancer. The author concludes that the oral health status of the elderly in the United States is essentially unknown. There are no recent, representative population base studies of oral conditions in the elderly. Studies of prevalence or incidence of oral diseases typically include few elderly persons or describe a select group of elderly who are at high risk. Furthermore, it is not really known whether the incidence and prevalence of coronal caries or root caries is actually increasing or is part of a cohort effect. While oral cancers have been shown to increase with age, there is no information as to whether their incidence rates are increasing. While, clinically, there are indications that attrition, abrasion and erosion are characteristics that are more likely to be seen in older adults, there is no information about their distribution in the population. There is evidence that loss of teeth is decreasing but nothing is known about the patterning of that loss. As for periodontal diseases, much work is needed to identify various syndromes that may be distinguished by their distribution in the population as well as determining whether periodontitis is a condition responsible for a majority of tooth loss or just the majority of tooth loss in a small high risk group. In addition, some suggestions are presented for future directions of research in this area.
Flavonol glycosides from Aristeguietia discolor reduce morphine withdrawal in vitro (2000)

The effects of extracts, partially purified fractions and four flavonol glycosides 1–4 from Aristeguietia discolor were investigated on the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal contraction of the acute morphine dependent guinea-pig ileum in vitro. After a 4 min in vitro exposure to morphine a strong contraction of guinea-pig isolated ileum was observed after the addition of naloxone. Both MeOH extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/mL), the partially purified fractions I, L, M and N (50, 100 and 200 mg/mL) and flavonol glycosides 1–4 (1 × 10−4 5 × 10−5 1 × 10−5 M), injected 10 min before morphine, were capable of blocking the naloxone-induced contraction after exposure to morphine in a concentration-dependent fashion. The results of the present paper suggest that flavonol glycosides from Aristeguietia discolor may play an important role in the control of morphine withdrawal. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of forced coagulation with low high-frequency power setting during endoscopic submucosal dissection (2017)

F1-10 method is suggested to achieve a stronger hemostatic effect than the S method in clinical procedures and <i>ex vivo</i> models.
728. Regional Validation of Distinct RSV Seasonality Thresholds for Antigen and PCR Testing (2018)

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) produces annual epidemics that vary in the timing of season onset, peak, and duration by season and by geographic region. Recent analyses by the US Centers for Disease Control at the national level have demonstrated that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing has largely replaced rapid antigen testing as the predominant test type and that the traditional 10% positivity threshold for defining an RSV season based on antigen testing should not be applied to PCR testing, for which the comparable threshold for real-time surveillance was 3%. The aim of this study was to validate and model implementation of the antigen (10%) and PCR (3%) positivity thresholds at regional, state, and local levels in a large national dataset of RSV testing results from US hospitals. Methods RSV test results were obtained from 599 laboratories that participated from 2011 to 2016 in RSVAlert®, a national RSV surveillance program. For laboratories that provided consistent weekly data (≥10 tests for ≥30 weeks of a season), regional test numbers and positivity were summarized weekly by test type within each season. Season onset and offset were calculated for the 10 US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) regions and 10 large states plus Hawaii based on (1) antigen only for all seasons, (2) PCR only for all seasons, and (3) the predominant test type used in a specific geography in a season (either antigen or PCR). Results An average of 543,340 RSV tests was reported each season. At the regional and state levels, there were fewer outlier estimates of RSV season length when the predominant regional test type was used to define the season (Figures 1 and 2). Exceptions were few and occurred with antigen testing data. Conclusion Overall, PCR positivity of 3% was comparable to antigen positivity of 10% at the regional and state levels. Local RSV season determination was most reliable when based on the predominant test type utilized. Funded by AstraZeneca Disclosures C. S. Ambrose, AstraZeneca: Employee, Salary and Stocks.
Online algorithms for maximizing quality of link transmissions over a jammed wireless channel (2009)

We consider the problem of a transmitter transmitting to its receiver over a wireless link subject to jamming and develop two online power control algorithms for maximizing wireless link quality (transmission rate). We assume that the transmitter transmits and the jammer interferes over a period of M time slots. The impact of the jammer is to deteriorate the quality of the wireless channel during time slots in which it is present. We assume a powerful random jammer with the ability to arbitrarily decrease the channel quality and affect any (unknown) number of time slots. Since the presence of the jammer is arbitrary, the complete jamming pattern (channel quality) over the given time period is unknown apriori. The current channel quality is revealed to the transmitter at the start of the current time slot while future channel quality remains unknown. The transmitter must then allocate power optimally to maximize the total transmission rate over M slots given only its knowledge of the current channel quality, thus giving rise to an online power control problem. We develop two online power control algorithms for maximizing the wireless link quality (transmission rate). The first algorithm is based on constant power scaling and has O(1) competitive ratio when the average received power quality over M time slots (h <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">circ</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /M) is either very small or very large. However when h <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">circ</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> = O(M), this algorithm has an upper bound on its competitive ratio of O(log M/log log M). This upper bound is tight. The second online algorithm based on constant rate scaling has a worst case competitive ratio of O(1+ log log M/ 1+hgPT/M). By judiciously choosing which algorithm to use based on the offline available parameter of average received power, we can assure an almost constant competitive ratio for maximizing link quality under all cases.