gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-particle kinetics of influenza virus membrane fusion (2008)

Membrane fusion is an essential step during entry of enveloped viruses into cells. Conventional fusion assays are generally limited to observation of ensembles of multiple fusion events, confounding more detailed analysis of the sequence of the molecular steps involved. We have developed an in vitro, two-color fluorescence assay to monitor kinetics of single virus particles fusing with a target bilayer on an essentially fluid support. Analysis of lipid- and content-mixing trajectories on a particle-by-particle basis provides evidence for multiple, long-lived kinetic intermediates leading to hemifusion, followed by a single, rate-limiting step to pore formation. We interpret the series of intermediates preceding hemifusion as a result of the requirement that multiple copies of the trimeric hemagglutinin fusion protein be activated to initiate the fusion process.
Virulence Factors of Anaerobic Bacteria: Summary of the Symposium (1979)

Journal Article Virulence Factors of Anaerobic Bacteria: Summary of the Symposium Get access John G. Bartlett, John G. Bartlett Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Boston Veterans Administration Hospital; and the Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts Please address requests for reprints to Dr. John G. Bartlett, Veterans Administration Hospital, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Andrew B. Onderdonk Andrew B. Onderdonk Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Boston Veterans Administration Hospital; and the Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Volume 1, Issue 2, March 1979, Pages 398–400, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/1.2.398 Published: 01 March 1979
The attractions of spin-polarized SEM (1994)

Imagine that you want to build a new material, atom by atom, until a complete atomic layer or two is formed. This may not be easy to do, but if you succeed, such an artificial material could possess a wealth of unusual and surprising properties. Novel physical phenomena would occur, characteristic of the reduction from three to two dimensions; peculiar effects would also be observed if the atoms could be arranged differently to their three-dimensional counterparts.
[Strategies for a greater supply of organs for transplantation]. (2001)

The number of recipients waiting for a solid organ transplantation has increased greatly in the past 5 years. The supply of donor organs during this period has not kept pace, resulting in a large shortage of suitable organs. In an effort to overcome the disparity between supply of donor and demands, various strategies have emerged to expand the existing donor selection criteria. Kidneys from very old donors can be used successfully when a pre-transplant biopsy shows a modest degree of glomerular injury. Kidneys from donors of 50 years or more, or with a history of hypertension and diabetes, or other evidence of renal disease, currently not accepted for single' kidney transplantation, provide excellent function when transplanted together. In contrast, one liver can be enough for two patients. Split-liver transplantation, i.e. sharing one liver between an adult and a pediatric recipient, is becoming routine procedure and has the potential for meeting the need for liver replacement among children without interfering with adult waiting list. Splitting the liver for transplantation in two adults is a further step forward in the more efficient use of hepatic grafts from cadaver donors. Adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation can further alleviate the pressure in the waiting list, but the risk for the donor must not be underestimated. The decrease in the number of heart-lung transplants in favour of more single and double lung transplants has also made more hearts and more lungs available. It is difficult to quantify the impact of all these procedures on the shortage of organ donors, but the waiting list should be cut by at least one-third for kidney and may be more for liver and lung transplants.
Explainable Robotic Plan Execution Monitoring Under Partial Observability (2021)

Successful plan generation for autonomous systems is necessary but not sufficient to guarantee reaching a goal state by an execution of a plan. Various discrepancies between an expected state and the observed state may occur during the plan execution (e.g., due to unexpected exogenous events, changes in the goals, or failure of robot parts) and these discrepancies may lead to plan failures. For that reason, autonomous systems should be equipped with execution monitoring algorithms so that they can autonomously recover from such discrepancies. We introduce a plan execution monitoring algorithm that operates under partial observability. This algorithm relies on novel formal methods for hybrid prediction, diagnosis and explanation generation, and planning. The prediction module generates an expected state after the execution of a part of the plan from an incomplete state to check for discrepancies. The diagnostic reasoning module generates meaningful hypotheses to explain failures of robot parts. Unlike the existing diagnosis methods, the previous hypotheses can be revised, based on new partial observations, increasing the accuracy of explanations as further information becomes available. The replanning module considers these explanations while computing a new plan that would avoid such failures. All these reasoning modules are hybrid in that they combine high-level logical reasoning with low-level feasibility checks based on probabilistic methods. We experimentally show that these hybrid formal reasoning modules improve the performance of plan execution monitoring.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4,4‐Bis(2‐methoxyethyl)cyclohexanone (IX) and of 4,4‐Bis‐( 2‐methoxyethyl)‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one (VIII). (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dendritic cells pulsed with hepatitis C virus NS3 protein induce immune responses and protection from infection with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing NS3 (2005)

Infections with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) pose a serious health problem worldwide. In this study, the hypothesis that adoptive transfer of dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with HCV NS3 protein and matured with an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) containing CpG motifs (CpG) ex vivo would initiate potent HCV-specific protective immune responses in vivo was tested. NS3 protein was efficiently transduced into DCs and treatment of DCs with CpG ODN induced phenotypic maturation and specifically increased the expression of CD40. DCs matured with CpG ODN produced higher interleukin 12 levels and a stronger allogeneic T-cell response compared with untreated DCs. Notably, there were no differences between NS3-pulsed DCs and DCs pulsed with a control protein with respect to phenotype, cytokine production or mixed lymphocyte reaction, indicating that transduction with NS3 protein did not impair DC functions. Compared with the untreated NS3-pulsed DCs, the NS3-pulsed DCs matured with CpG ODN induced stronger cellular immune responses including enhanced cytotoxicity, higher interferon-gamma production and stronger lymphocyte proliferation. Upon challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing NS3, all mice immunized with NS3-pulsed DCs showed a significant reduction in vaccinia virus titres when compared with mock-immunized mice. However, the NS3-pulsed DCs matured with CpG ODN induced higher levels of protection compared with the untreated NS3-pulsed DCs. These data are the first to show that NS3-pulsed DCs induce specific immune responses and provide protection from viral challenge, and also demonstrate that CpG ODNs, which have a proven safety profile, would be useful in the development of DC vaccines.
Resistant starch supplementation increases crypt cell proliferative state in the rectal mucosa of older healthy participants (2020)

There is strong evidence that foods containing dietary fibre protect against colorectal cancer, resulting at least in part from its anti-proliferative properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation with two non-digestible carbohydrates, resistant starch (RS) and polydextrose (PD), on crypt cell proliferative state (CCPS) in the macroscopically normal rectal mucosa of healthy individuals. We also investigated relationships between expression of regulators of apoptosis and of the cell cycle on markers of CCPS. Seventy-five healthy participants were supplemented with RS and/or PD or placebo for 50 d in a 2 × 2 factorial design in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (the Dietary Intervention, Stem cells and Colorectal Cancer (DISC) Study). CCPS was assessed, and the expression of regulators of the cell cycle and of apoptosis was measured by quantitative PCR in rectal mucosal biopsies. SCFA concentrations were quantified in faecal samples collected pre- and post-intervention. Supplementation with RS increased the total number of mitotic cells within the crypt by 60 % (P = 0·001) compared with placebo. This effect was limited to older participants (aged ≥50 years). No other differences were observed for the treatments with PD or RS as compared with their respective controls. PD did not influence any of the measured variables. RS, however, increased cell proliferation in the crypts of the macroscopically-normal rectum of older adults. Our findings suggest that the effects of RS on CCPS are not only dose, type of RS and health status-specific but are also influenced by age.
Dynamic Behavior of Floating Tidal Current Power Device Considering Turbine Specifications (2018)

.
Association between inflammatory markers and progression to kidney dysfunction: examining different assessment windows in patients with T1DM (2018)

Renal damage and kidney failure are amongst the most detrimental co-morbidities of T1DM. In order to be able to prevent renal disease in the first place and treat progression of diabetic renal disease to kidney failure, the mechanisms that lead from high blood glucose levels to damage of the vascular bed of the glomerulus and to end stage renal dysfunction need to be fully understood.
6-Phenyl-2,4,6-trioxohexanoic acid (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT6-Phenyl-2,4,6-trioxohexanoic acidMartin Stiles and John P. SelegueCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 12, 4067–4070Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00012a054RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views231Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (557 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Compact, 1.55 μm Spot-Size Converters for InP Based Photonic Integrated Circuits (1999)

Optical spot-size converters are a key enabling technology for photonic integrated circuits. By simultaneously reducing the coupling loss and increasing the alignment tolerance to optical fibers, spot-size converters can dramatically lower the insertion loss and simplify packaging of photonic integrated circuits, especially multiple input/ output devices.
Electromigration studies of the role of oxygen defects in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7- delta / grain boundary weak links (1993)

Electromigration experiments were used to help establish the role of local basal-plane oxygen disorder in determining the properties of grain-boundary (GB) weak links in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7- delta / thin films. The response to electromigration currents allows an estimate of the atomic force required to promote chain oxygen disorder in this material. In addition, it was determined that a lesser force is sufficient to promote long-range motion (1-2 mu m) of oxygen defects once they have been created. The activation energy for this process is approximately 0.8 eV. The creation of localized regions of disorder by electromigration in microbridges without GBs shows that these regions have superconductive properties indicative of a filamentary superconductive system shunted by nonsuperconductive ohmic paths. Parallels are drawn between the bulk thin film behavior and the effects due to the presence of GBs. These boundaries can be viewed as limiting the degree of connection between two disordered regions created by the elastic strain gradients caused by the GB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Plant Villin, Lily P-135-ABP, Possesses G-Actin Binding Activity and Accelerates the Polymerization and Depolymerization of Actin in a Ca2+-Sensitive Manner (2005)

From germinating pollen of lily, two types of villins, P-115-ABP and P-135-ABP, have been identified biochemically. Ca(2+)-CaM-dependent actin-filament binding and bundling activities have been demonstrated for both villins previously. Here, we examined the effects of lily villins on the polymerization and depolymerization of actin. P-115-ABP and P-135-ABP present in a crude protein extract prepared from germinating pollen bound to a DNase I affinity column in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Purified P-135-ABP reduced the lag period that precedes actin filament polymerization from monomers in the presence of either Ca(2+) or Ca(2+)-CaM. These results indicated that P-135-ABP can form a complex with G-actin in the presence of Ca(2+) and this complex acts as a nucleus for polymerization of actin filaments. However, the nucleation activity of P-135-ABP is probably not relevant in vivo because the assembly of G-actin saturated with profilin, a situation that mimics conditions found in pollen, was not accelerated in the presence of P-135-ABP. P-135-ABP also enhanced the depolymerization of actin filaments during dilution-mediated disassembly. Growth from filament barbed ends in the presence of Ca(2+)-CaM was also prevented, consistent with filament capping activity. These results suggested that lily villin is involved not only in the arrangement of actin filaments into bundles in the basal and shank region of the pollen tube, but also in regulating and modulating actin dynamics through its capping and depolymerization (or fragmentation) activities in the apical region of the pollen tube, where there is a relatively high concentration of Ca(2+).
High-Performance Industrial Wireless: Achieving Reliable and Deterministic Connectivity over IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2020)

&lt;div&gt;Communication for control-centric industrial applications is characterized by the requirements of very high reliability, very low and deterministic latency and high scalability. This paper proposes a novel solution for providing reliable and deterministic communication, through Wi-Fi, in industrial environments. The proposed solution, termed as HAR&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;D-Fi, adopts hybrid channel access mechanisms for achieving deterministic communication. It also provides temporal redundancy for enhanced reliability. HAR&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;D-Fi implements different medium access control (MAC) designs that build on the standard physical (PHY) layer. Such designs can be classified into two categories: (a) MAC designs with pre-defined (physical) time-slotted schedule, and (b) MAC designs with virtual time-slotted schedule. Performance evaluation, based on analysis and system-level simulations, demonstrates the viability of HAR&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;D-Fi for control-centric industrial applications.&lt;/div&gt;
Phenotypic modulation of auto-reactive cells by insertion of tolerogenic molecules via MSC-derived exosomes. (2012)

Auto-reactive cells-mediated immune responses are responsible for the current tissue damages during autoimmunity. Accordingly, functional modulation of auto-reactive cells has been a pivotal aim in many of recent studies. In the current study, we investigated the possibility for insertion of regulatory molecules onto auto-reactive cells through exosomal nano-shuttles as a novel approach for phenotype modification of auto-reactive cells. The exosomes were isolated from supernatant of mesenchymal stem cells culture. Resultant exosomes co-cultured with lymphocytes were harvested from established EAE mice in the presence of antigenic MOG35-55 peptide. After 24 hr, insertion of exosomal tolerogenic molecules (PD-L1, TGF-β, galectin-1) onto auto-reactive cells were explored through flow cytometry. The potency of exosomal inserted membrane molecules to modulate phenotype of auto-reactive lymphocytes was assessed upon ELISA test for their-derived cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17. Incorporation of exosomal molecules into lymohocytes' membrane was confirmed by flow cytometric analyses for surface levels of mentioned molecules. Additionally, the decreased secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17 were detected in exosome pre-treated lymphocytes upon stimulation with MOG peptide. Mesenchymal stem cells -derived exosomes showed to be efficient organelles for insertion of bioactive tolerogenic molecules onto auto-reactive cells and modulation of their phenotypes.
Determination of the optical constants of a dielectric layer by processing in situ spectral transmittance measurements along the time dimension (2016)

This paper describes a new method, based on the use of a broadband monitoring system, that allows to determine the spectral dependence of the optical constants of a tantala layer without the use of a dispersion model.
Formalizing ETL Jobs for Incremental Loading of Data Warehouses (2009)

Extract-transform-load (ETL) tools are primarily designed for data ware- house loading, i.e. to perform physical data integration. When the operational data sources happen to change, the data warehouse gets stale. To ensure data timeliness, the data warehouse is refreshed on a periodical basis. The naive approach of simply reloading the data warehouse is obviously inefficient. Typically, only a small fraction of source data is changed during loading cycles. It is therefore desirable to capture these changes at the operational data sources and refresh the data warehouse incre- mentally. This approach is known as incremental loading. Dedicated ETL jobs are required to perform incremental loading. We are not aware of any ETL tool that helps to automate this task. In fact, incremental load jobs are handcrafted by ETL program- mers so far. The development is thus costly and error-prone. In this paper we present an approach to the automated derivation of incremental load jobs based on equational reasoning. We review existing Change Data Capture techniques and discuss limitations of different approaches. We further review existing loading facilities for data warehouse refreshment. We then provide transformation rules for the derivation of incremental load jobs. We stress that the derived jobs rely on existing Change Data Capture techniques, existing loading facilities, and existing ETL execution platforms.
Temperature dependence of current and low-frequency noise in InAs nanowire transistors (2013)

Semiconductor nanowires are typically fabricated into transistors using metal source and drain contacts but no doping profile, leading to devices that operate as Schottky-barrier field effect transistors rather than traditional MOSFETs. Because of this fundamental difference in geometry, the devices will operate with greater influence from the contacts in both current and noise behavior, yet many previous studies still apply traditional MOSFET models to nanowire devices. By studying the mechanisms of contact and channel effects in nanowire transistors, the devices can be better understood in terms of fundamental limits of performance and scaling. In this study, variable temperature measurements were used to investigate the contact properties in relation to current and noise and understand physical models of device operation. 30 nm diameter InAs nanowires were grown by the VLS method and formed into back-gated transistors. Nickel source and drain contacts form channel lengths of 500 nm. The wires sit on silicon wafers with 100 nm oxide which acts as a back gate.
Joint Optimization of Edge Computing Architectures and Radio Access Networks (2018)

Virtualized radio access network (vRAN) architectures and multiple-access edge computing (MEC) systems constitute two key solutions for the emerging Tactile Internet applications and the increasing mobile data traffic. Their efficient deployment, however, requires a careful design tailored to the available network resources and user demand. In this paper, we propose a novel modeling approach and a rigorous analytical framework, MEC-vRAN joint design problem (MvRAN), that minimizes vRAN costs and maximizes MEC performance. Our framework selects jointly the base-station function splits, the fronthaul routing paths, and the placement of MEC functions. We follow a data-driven evaluation method, using topologies of three operational networks and experiments with a typical face-recognition MEC service. Our results reveal that MvRAN achieves significant cost savings (up to 2.5 times) compared to non-optimized centralized RAN or decentralized RAN systems, and MEC pushes the vRAN functions to radio units and hence can increase substantially the network cost.
FDA's Position on the Clozaril Patient Management System (1990)

Carl C. Peck, M.D., director of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research of the Food and Drug Administration, outlined FDA's position on clozapine's monitoring system in a letter to officials of the American Pharmaceutical Association in mid-March. The major portion of the letter is reprinted below.