gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Olivocerebellar System (2017)

The olivo-cerebellar system is one of the most conserved in the vertebrate brain, being present in all forms studied so far. It comprises a set of bilaterally symmetrical inferior olivary (IO) nuclei, ventrally located in the bulbar brainstem, and the overlying cerebellum. These two structures are mutually linked through axonal pathways within the cerebellar peduncles. The anatomical and functional relation between the inferior olive and the cerebellum, at the cellular level, has been the subject of much study. Indeed, while the neuronal elements that comprise the system are well defined, as is their mutual connectivity, the ultimate function as a motor timing organizer is now well established.
Thermoregulation model JOS-3 with new open source code (2020)

A thermoregulation model, joint system thermoregulation model (JOS-3), was developed based on JOS-2. JOS-3 consists of 83 nodes, and human physiological responses and body temperatures are calculated using the backward difference method. In JOS-3, brown adipose tissue activity, aging effects, and heat gain by shortwave solar radiation at the skin, are installed to predict human physiological responses, considering personal characteristics in transient and non-uniform thermal environments. In addition, methods to determine shivering thermogenesis, sweating distribution, and basal metabolic rate were modified from those used in JOS-2. We coded JOS-3 in Python-3 and published the JOS-3 package. This model was validated by comparing its results with those of human subject tests conducted under stable and transient conditions. It was confirmed that JOS-3 has a higher accuracy for heat production in young and older subjects and mean skin temperature in older subjects than JOS-2 under cold environmental conditions. Moreover, JOS-3 was simulated in nine transient conditions. Consequently, the root mean-squared error (RMSE) of the rectal and mean skin temperatures between the predicted and experimental values were 0.12–0.38 and 0.58–0.83 °C, respectively.
Evaluation of pollen viability, stigma receptivity and fertilization success in Lagerstroemia indica L. (2013)

To provide theoretical basis for artificial pollination in Lagerstroemia indica L., pollen viability and stigma receptivity were tested and the morphological change of stigma was observed. Pollen viability tested by in vitro culture, stigma receptivity examined by benzidine-H2O2 testing and fruit set estimated by field artificial pollination were analyzed in this study. The maximum pollen viability was observed at 10:00 am one day of anthesis (DA), of which &lsquo;Hong Wei&rsquo; (46.2%) was significantly lower than that of &lsquo;Yin Wei&rsquo; (56.8%) and &lsquo;Zi Wei&rsquo; (62.5%). The stigma receptivity of the three crape myrtle cultivars was sustained for eight days, which was 95.7 to 96.9% at 1 DA to two days after anthesis (DAA), then declined to 75.5 to 79.9% at 3 to 4 DAA and 50.6 to 59.7% at 5 to 6 DAA, and only 29.5% at 7 DAA. Higher stigma receptivity was associated with columnar style, upward stigma, green and wet papillae and copious exudates at stage 1 (1 DA to 2 DAA). Frequencies of fruit set at stage 1 (74.4%) and stage 2 (3 to 4 DAA) (78.9%) were significantly higher than that at stage 3 (5 to 6 DAA) (21.9%). So, selecting pollen at 10:00 am 1 DA and stigma of 1 DA to 4 DAA was a strategy to enhance fruit set in the future artificial hybridizations for crape myrtle. &nbsp; Key words: Lagerstroemia indica L., dimorphic pollen, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, fruit set.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce invasion of human melanoma cells in vitro via differential regulation of N-cadherin expression and RhoA activity (2016)

These results suggest a role of N-cadherin and RhoA in HDACi induced invasion and call into question the suitability of some HDACi as antitumor agents for melanoma patients.
Lipoprotein(a) Mass Levels Increase Significantly According to APOE Genotype (2017)

<i>APOE</i> genotypes strongly influence Lp(a) and apoB-related lipoprotein levels. This suggests that differences in affinity of apoE proteins for lipoprotein clearance receptors may affect Lp(a) catabolism, suggesting a competition between Lp(a) and apoE protein for similar receptors.
Performance of a limiting amplifier in white and colored noise (2009)

Nonlinear receiver architectures are often employed in low-power wireless communications to reduce hardware complexity and power consumption at the cost of a degradation in performance compared to their linear counterparts. This work presents analytical and statistical methods to quantify this degradation in performance. It is shown that the maximum degradation is equal to -1.96 dB in terms of output signal to noise ratio. If the noise is colored, e.g. due to a preceding channel filter, the performance degradation can be reduced significantly.
Mass spectrometry‐based clinical proteomics: Head‐and‐neck cancer biomarkers and drug‐targets discovery (2010)

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is a rapidly developing technology for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of proteins, and investigations into protein posttranslational modifications, subcellular localization, and interactions. Recent advancements in MS have made tremendous impact on the throughput and comprehensiveness of cancer proteomics, paving the way to unraveling deregulated cellular pathway networks in human malignancies. In turn, this knowledge is rapidly being translated into the discovery of novel potential cancer markers (PCMs) and targets for molecular therapeutics. Head-and-neck cancer is one of the most morbid human malignancies with an overall poor prognosis and severely compromised quality of life. Early detection and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for more effective disease management. The characterizations of protein profiles of head-and-neck cancers and non-malignant tissues, with unprecedented sensitivity and precision, are providing technology platforms for identification of novel PCMs and drug targets. Importantly, low-abundance proteins are being identified and characterized, not only from the tumor tissues, but also from bodily fluids (plasma, saliva, and urine) in a high-throughput and unbiased manner. This review is a critical appraisal of recent advances in MS-based proteomic technologies and platforms for facilitating the discovery of biomarkers and novel drug targets in head-and-neck cancer. A major challenge in the discovery and verification of these cancer biomarkers is the typically limited availability of well-characterized and adequately stored clinical samples in tumor and sera banks, collected using recommended procedures, and with detailed information on clinical, pathological parameters, and follow-up. Most biomarker discovery studies use limited number of clinical samples and verification of cancer markers in large number of samples is beyond the scope of a single laboratory. The validation of these potential markers in large sample cohorts in multicentric studies is needed for their translation from the bench to the bedside.
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Events in Japanese Patients Treated with Fluvastatin from the Long-Term Event Monitoring (LEM) Study (2012)

The LEM study, a large-scale prospective study of long-term fluvastatin treatment for hypercholesterolemia in Japanese patients, demonstrated high impact of complications such as DM and hypertension as well as high triglycerides or low HDL-C on cardiac and cerebral events. After long-term statin treatment, the control of other factors rather than LDL-C alone might be important to avoid vascular events.
Adaptive Classification for Brain Computer Interfaces (2007)

In this paper we evaluate the performance of a new adaptive classifier for the use within a Brain Computer-Interface (BCI). The classifier can either be adaptive in a completely unsupervised manner or using unsupervised adaptation in conjunction with a neuronal evaluation signal to improve adaptation. The first variant, termed Adaptive Linear Discriminant Analysis (ALDA), updates mean values as well as covariances of the class distributions continuously in time. In simulated as well as experimental data ALDA substantially outperforms the non-adaptive LDA. The second variant, termed Adaptive Linear Discriminant Analysis with Error Correction (ALDEC), extends the unsupervised algorithm with an additional independent neuronal evaluation signal. Such a signal could be an error related potential which indicates when the decoder did not classify correctly. When the mean values of the class distributions circle around each other or even cross their way, ALDEC can yield a substantially better adaptation than ALDA depending on the reliability of the error signal. Given the non-stationarity of EEG signals during BCI control our approach might strongly improve the precision and the time needed to gain accurate control in future BCI applications.
Unstructured Light Fields (2012)

Abstract We present a system for interactively acquiring and rendering light fields using a hand‐held commodity camera. The main challenge we address is assisting a user in achieving good coverage of the 4D domain despite the challenges of hand‐held acquisition. We define coverage by bounding reprojection error between viewpoints, which accounts for all 4 dimensions of the light field. We use this criterion together with a recent Simultaneous Localization and Mapping technique to compute a coverage map on the space of viewpoints. We provide users with real‐time feedback and direct them toward under‐sampled parts of the light field. Our system is lightweight and has allowed us to capture hundreds of light fields. We further present a new rendering algorithm that is tailored to the unstructured yet dense data we capture. Our method can achieve piecewise‐bicubic reconstruction using a triangulation of the captured viewpoints and subdivision rules applied to reconstruction weights.
Dietary Supplements : Current Controversies in the United States (1997)

Dietary supplements are generally defined as concentrated sources of nutrients prescribed in addition to the daily diet to increase nutrient intake. These supplements are usually in the form of tablets, capsules, pills, powders, or liquids. Sales of dietary supplements are roughly $4 billion per year in the United States. Nearly 4 out of every 10 adults use dietary supplements regularly. This article is to report the pros and cons in the use of dietary supplements and a brief overview of current law, proposed regulations, and related activities in the United States. It provides what information should be known to the public before federal regulations governing health claims are made . These regulations may decide whether health food industries or pharmaceutical companies can make claims about the function of nutrients.
Distances between the antigen-binding sites of three murine antibody subclasses measured using neutron and x-ray scattering (1992)

For three different murine immunoglobulins (IgG subclasses 1, 2a, and 2b), the distances between their antigen-binding sites have been measured using neutron scattering from deuterated antigens complexed with proteated IgG. Neutron-scattering data were measured for each antibody-antigen complex in a 41% D2O solvent. Unlike the proteated antibody molecule, the deuterated antigens are strongly contrasted against the 41% D2O solvent and give rise to a scattering profile that contains an interference term related to the distance between the deuterated antigens. For all three subclasses, the damping of this interference term, which gives information on the relative flexibility of the antigen-binding sites, indicates that a single distance is inadequate to describe the observed scattering and a distribution of distances is needed. The scattering profile has been modeled for each subclass to give the mean distance between the antigens and the variance of this distance. For all three IgG subclasses, the mean distance is between 117 and 134 A, and the variance is large (approximately 40 A), indicating a high degree of flexibility of the Fab arms. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements on the same samples are consistent with the neutron-scattering results.
Tumor Necrosis factor- and Expression of the Multidrug Resistance-Associated Genes LRP and MRP (1997)

In developing strategies for overcoming multidrug resistance in tumor cells, the possibility that an agent can suppress one or more mechanisms of drug resistance and enhance others should be considered.
Esthesioneuroblastoma: Endoscopic Nasal and Anterior Craniotomy Resection (2003)

Endoscopic excision of the nasal and sinus component with anterior craniotomy for cribriform or anterior cranial fossa extension is an effective treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SKIN OF HUMAN EMBRYOS V. THE HAIR GERM AND PERIFOLLICULAR MESENCHYMAL CELLS. (1970)

SUMMARY.— Electron microscopic studies on embryonic hair development were performed using the scalp and eyebrow skin of 10 Negro embryos of the menstrual ages of 9 to 15 weeks. New ultramicroscopic findings were: (1) The peripheral cells of the hair germ extended into the mesenchyme pseudopodia, not covered by the basal lamina. (2) Mesenchymal cells crowded beneath the hair germ were connected with desmosome‐like junctions. Direct contact of these cells with the basal lamina of the hair germ was seen. (3) A halfdesmosome‐ like structure was found between the mesenchymal cells and mesenchymal fine filaments.
Cardiovascular Outcomes After Preeclampsia or Eclampsia Complicated by Myocardial Infarction or Stroke (2012)

II.
The effect of Mo back contact ageing on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin‐film solar cells (2013)

ABSTRACT In this work, we investigate the effect of ageing Mo‐coated substrates in a dry and N 2 flooded cabinet. The influence was studied by preparing Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 solar cells and by comparing the electrical performance with devices where the Mo layer was not aged. The measurements used for this study were current–voltage (J‐V), external quantum efficiency (EQE), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and capacitance–voltage (C‐V). It was concluded that devices prepared with the aged Mo layer have, in average, an increase of 0.8% in efficiency compared with devices that had a fresh Mo layer. Devices with aged Mo exhibited a nominal increase of 12.5 mV of open circuit voltage, a decrease of 1.1 mA/cm −2 of short circuit current and a fill factor increase of 2.4%. Heat treatment of fresh Mo layers in oxygen atmosphere was also studied as an alternative to ageing and was shown to provide a similar effect to the aged device's performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Overriding Concerns: The Role of Electronic Medical Record–Based Best Practice Alerts in Reducing Unnecessary Laboratory Testing (2015)

In an era of rising healthcare costs and increasing emphasis on value-based healthcare spending, laboratory testing that is unnecessary, redundant, or otherwise wasteful is of increasing concern. Such testing may occur for myriad reasons including diagnostic uncertainty, defensive medicine, patient reassurance, or knowledge gaps regarding best practices. Whereas some studies have found the incidence of inappropriate laboratory testing to be as high as 95% (1), the true impact of laboratory overtesting is not known and likely varies between institutions and practice settings. The costs—both direct and indirect—of these unwarranted tests are subsequently passed on to the patient, third-party payer, or hospital depending on the reimbursement model.

Multiple investigators have studied strategies to reduce unnecessary testing that include provider education, audit and feedback, incentives or penalties, and system-based interventions such as electronic order entry and clinical decision support systems (2). These interventions have met with varying success, with reported changes in use ranging from a 98% reduction to a 28% increase in testing (2). Techniques that use multimodality strategies to reduce laboratory overutilization seem to be most effective (3). With the widespread adoption of the electronic health record (EHR)2 in recent years, computerized provider order entry (CPOE) systems have emerged as attractive targets for intervention, with the potential for interrupting unwarranted services before implementation. However, studies have shown mixed outcomes and cost savings with this approach (4–6).

Cardiac troponin testing has drawn particular scrutiny for potential overuse because of the high proportion of hospitalized patients in whom this test is performed, as well as the frequent ordering of serial tests. In a recent study by Makam and Nguyen (7), cardiac biomarkers were measured in 16.9% of all emergency department visits in the US over a 2-year period, despite the absence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) symptoms in …
Class F Thy-1-negative murine lymphoma cells are deficient in ether lipid biosynthesis. (1990)

The glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (PI) membrane anchors of several proteins contain 1-alkyl-2-acyl-glycerophosphoinositol. Although this PI analog has never been found free in cells, the presence of "alkyl-PI" as a component of some membrane anchors suggests its existence. The resistance of ether linkages to cleavage by mild alkali treatment was used to detect possible alkyl chains in the [3H]inositol-labeled phospholipids of several murine lymphoma cell lines which normally express the glycosyl PI-anchored protein Thy-1. One lipid, which arose from alkaline hydrolysis of PI and had mobility on thin layer chromatography similar to lyso-PI, was detected in all wild-type cell lines. Analysis of the base-stable inositol lipids of several lymphoma lines that are deficient in Thy-1 surface expression because of defective biosynthesis of the glycosyl PI membrane anchor revealed that the putative alkyl-PI was missing in the class F mutant. The levels of both the ethanolamine- and choline-containing plasmalogens were also decreased 10-fold in these cells, suggesting a general defect in the production of ether lipids. The activity of the peroxisomal form of dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase, which catalyzes the first step of ether lipid biosynthesis, was found to be 10-fold decreased relative to the wild-type level. Unlike previously described Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants deficient in ether lipids (Zoeller, R. A., and Raetz, C. R. H. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83, 5170-5174), the class F Thy-1- cells contain intact functional peroxisomes. Attempts to restore the putative alkyl-PI to the class F mutants by alkylglycerol supplementation were unsuccessful, despite concomitant restoration of the much larger plasmenylethanolamine pool, suggesting that there are some differences in the biosynthesis of this PI analog and plasmalogens that are presently not understood. Although the deficiencies in ether lipids and surface expression of Thy-1 in the class F mutants could also be due to separate mutations, our findings raise the possibility that alkyl-PI exists in animal cells and may be an obligate precursor for the biosynthesis of the glycosyl-PI membrane anchor of Thy-1.
Erratum to: Search for annihilating dark matter in the Sun with 3 years of IceCube data (2019)

We present results from an analysis looking for dark matter annihilation in the Sun with the IceCube neutrino telescope. Gravitationally trapped dark matter in the Sun’s core can annihilate into Standard Model particles making the Sun a source of GeV neutrinos. IceCube is able to detect neutrinos with energies &gt;100 GeV while its low-energy infill array DeepCore extends this to &gt;10 GeV. This analysis uses data gathered in the austral winters between May 2011 and May 2014, corresponding to 532 days of livetime when the Sun, being below the horizon, is a source of up-going neutrino events, easiest to discriminate against the dominant background of atmospheric muons. The sensitivity is a factor of two to four better than previous searches due to additional statistics and improved analysis methods involving better background rejection and reconstructions. The resultant upper limits on the spin-dependent dark matter-proton scattering cross section reach down to $1.46\times 10^{-5}$ pb for a dark matter particle of mass 500 GeV annihilating exclusively into $\tau ^{+}\tau ^{-}$ particles. These are currently the most stringent limits on the spin-dependent dark matter-proton scattering cross section for WIMP masses above 50 GeV.
Interface Controlled Electrical Percolation of CrNi/SiOx Metal/Insulator Thin Films atT > 850 K (1991)

CrNi/SiOx is a well known thin film system used for thin film resistors and actuators. The effect of an annealing process above 700 K - including a solid state reaction of CrNi and SiOx - is investigated. The results are based on electrical measurements, AES, TED, and TEM. With increasing temperature Cr2O3 crystallites (non-metallic phase) are formed at the interface. Consequently, there is a separation of Cr and Ni in the film. The formation of the Ni-enriched metallic phase is characterized by a continuously increasing temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR). The resistivity decreases down to a minimum, but increases rapidly with further oxidation which is interpreted to be a percolation mechanism. CrNi/SiOx ist ein bekanntes Werkstoffsystem für Widerstandsfilme. Es wird die Festkörperreaktion zwischen den Filmen bei Temperaturen über 700 K untersucht. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse basieren auf elektrischen Messungen, AES-, TED- und TEM-Untersuchungen. Mit Erhöhung der Temperatur wachsen Cr2O3-Kristallite in der Grenzfläche. Die CrNi-Schicht verarmt an Cr. Die Bildung einer Ni-angereicherten metallischen Phase wird duich die Erhöhung des Temperaturkoeffizienten charakterisiert. Der spezifische Widerstand verringert sich bis zu einem Minimum und erhöht sich mit fortschreitender Grenzflächenoxidation schnell, was als Perkolationsmechanismus interpretiert wird.
Real Time Prospective Motion Correction for High Resolution In Vivo MRI Using an Optical Motion Tracking System (2006)

Even small subject motions can degrade the image quality especially in high-resolution MRI. For head imaging the overall imaging time is limited by the subject.s ability to maintain the same head position. This time is on the order of minutes and may be dramatically reduced in a case of pathology. Projection reconstruction(1) or PROPELLER(2) methods are known to be less prone to motion artefacts. The sensitivity of standard 2D and 3D imaging methods to motion may be reduced by use of the navigator echoes, such as orbital (3) or spherical (4) navigator methods. Navigators, however, not only lengthen the measurement, but also require additional excitation RF pulses to be incorporated into the sequence, which disturbs the steady state. Here we demonstrate the possibility of interfacing the MR scanner with an external optical motion tracking system, capable of determining object.s position with sub-millimetre accuracy at high update rate. The proposed approach uses this motion information to update in real time the position of the imaging volume during the acquisition of k-space data. Such methods have previously been proposed for fMRI. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the applicability of prospective motion correction for high-resolution brain imaging in the presence of strong subject motion.