gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanocrystalline Soft-Magnetic Cores Produced by Consolidation of Fe86Zr7B6Cu1 Amorphous Powder (1994)

Soft magnetic cores with a nanoscale bcc structure were fabricated by consolidation of amorphous Fe 86 Zr 7 B 6 Cu 1 (at%) powder using a hot-pressing machine. The compact obtained by pressing for 200 s at 850 K and 1.5 GPa has a high density of 99.9% of the theoretical density (TD) and exhibits good soft-magnetic properties. The saturation magnetization, coercive force, maximum permeability and effective permeability at a frequency of 1 kHz and a magnetic field of 0.8 A/m are 1.56 T, 33 A/m, 4300 and 1300, respectively. It is therefore established that the present compact possesses good soft-magnetic properties in combination with high magnetization.
Analysis and detection of B cell neoplasms. (1980)

Cells from human B cell lymphomas were analyzed by means of the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) according to the amount of kappa or lambda immunoglobulins (Ig) on their surface. The crucial requirements for sensitive recognition of small numbers of tumor cells admixed in a normal population are described. Tumor cells were identified as an excess of cells bearing one light chain type ('clonal excess') at discrete levels of fluorescence intensity. Normal patterns of fluorescence staining are compared to those for tissues infiltrated with tumor. For B cell neoplasms with surface Ig of weak intensity, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, as few as 1% of the tumor cells admixed with normal cells could be detected; the bright surface fluorescence of cells from lymphoma permitted their recognition when only 0.1% of the tumor cells were present. FACS analysis was carried out on the peripheral blood of a series of patients with B cell lymphoma whose blood was normal by classic cytologic and cytochemical analysis. Nevertheless, circulating tumor cells were recognized in the majority of cases, suggesting that 'subclinical leukemia' is a common finding in B cell lymphomas.
Titanocene and Zirconocene Complexes containing Dendrimer-Substituted Cyclopentadienyl Ligands − Synthesis and Ethylene Polymerization (2002)

This paper describes the synthesis of a series of titanium and zirconium metallocenes bearing one or two first-generation silane dendritic wedges as bulky substituents at their cyclopentadienyl rings. Wedges (R2R′SiCH2CH2)3SiCl [R = R′ = Et (1); R = Ph, R′ = Me (2)] were prepared by hydrosilylation of chlorotrivinylsilane with R2R′SiH. They were reacted with K(C5H5) and, subsequently, with KH to give K[(R2R′SiCH2CH2)3Si(C5H4)] [R = R′ = Et (3); R = Ph, R′ = Me (4)]. The dendronized cyclopentadienides 3 and 4 were the starting materials for preparation of the mixed-ring titanocenes [{(R2R′SiCH2CH2)3SiC5H4}(C5R′′5)TiCl2] [R = R′ = Et, R′′ = H (5), R′′ = Me (6); R = Ph, R′ = Me, R′′ = H (7), R′′ = Me (8)] or the symmetrically substituted metallocenes [{(Ph2MeSiCH2CH2)3SiC5H4}2MCl2] [M = Ti (9), Zr (10)]. Cyclic voltammograms and catalytic behavior of all the new metallocenes in ethylene polymerization, using MAO as a cocatalyst, have been studied and compared to that of related non-dendritic complexes. Polyethylene polydispersities increase with the number of dendritic wedges in the catalyst, while activities decrease. Bimodal molecular weight distributions were clearly observed for the bis-dendritic titanocene 9. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
Convergence of IL-1β and VDR Activation Pathways in Human TLR2/1-Induced Antimicrobial Responses (2009)

Antimicrobial effector mechanisms are central to the function of the innate immune response in host defense against microbial pathogens. In humans, activation of Toll-like receptor 2/1 (TLR2/1) on monocytes induces a vitamin D dependent antimicrobial activity against intracellular mycobacteria. Here, we report that TLR activation of monocytes triggers induction of the defensin beta 4 gene (DEFB4), requiring convergence of the IL-1beta and vitamin D receptor (VDR) pathways. TLR2/1 activation triggered IL-1beta activity, involving the upregulation of both IL-1beta and IL-1 receptor, and downregulation of the IL-1 receptor antagonist. TLR2/1L induction of IL-1beta was required for upregulation of DEFB4, but not cathelicidin, whereas VDR activation was required for expression of both antimicrobial genes. The differential requirements for induction of DEFB4 and cathelicidin were reflected by differences in their respective promoter regions; the DEFB4 promoter had one vitamin D response element (VDRE) and two NF-kappaB sites, whereas the cathelicidin promoter had three VDREs and no NF-kappaB sites. Transfection of NF-kappaB into primary monocytes synergized with 1,25D3 in the induction of DEFB4 expression. Knockdown of either DEFB4 or cathelicidin in primary monocytes resulted in the loss of TLR2/1-mediated antimicrobial activity against intracellular mycobacteria. Therefore, these data identify a novel mechanism of host defense requiring the induction of IL-1beta in synergy with vitamin D activation, for the TLR-induced antimicrobial pathway against an intracellular pathogen.
Motivating Tomorrow's Scientists to be Students of Teaching and Learning (2006)

Science graduate students and others who are early in their science career are focused on learning about their chosen discipline area. Many will become tomorrow???s college teachers, and yet few will engage in organized experiences that help them enhance their teaching skills prior to being thrust into the classroom. This project was aimed at characterizing the level of understanding of teaching and learning principles by these scientists-in-training. The project was based on a semester-long graduate-level course aimed at stimulating student contemplation and reflection on issues related to teaching and learning. Teaching philosophies and reflections on teaching and learning were obtained at the beginning and end of the semester. Conclusions are consistent with the findings of others that teachers in the sciences are likely to view teaching through the lens of knowledge transmission. Novice science teachers often approach teaching based upon their own experiences as a student engaging in the learning process. Based on these findings, an internet-based module was developed which is aimed at challenging novice science teachers to articulate their beliefs and assumptions about teaching and learning and to move toward translating such beliefs into the practice of effective teaching. The module is designed to encourage early career scientists and potential teachers to reflect on teaching and learning in a similar manner as they might reflect on their science discipline.
When Insult Is Added to Injury: Cross Talk between ILCs and Intestinal Epithelium in IBD (2016)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by an impairment of the integrity of the mucosal epithelial barrier, which causes exacerbated inflammation of the intestine. The intestinal barrier is formed by different specialized epithelial cells, which separate the intestinal lumen from the lamina propria. In addition to its crucial role in protecting the body from invading pathogens, the intestinal epithelium contributes to intestinal homeostasis by its biochemical properties and communication to underlying immune cells. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently described population of lymphocytes that have been implicated in both mucosal homeostasis and inflammation. Recent findings indicate a critical feedback loop in which damaged epithelium activates these innate immune cells to restore epithelial barrier function. This review will focus on the signalling pathways between damaged epithelium and ILCs involved in repair of the epithelial barrier and tissue homeostasis and the relationship of these processes with the control of IBD.
Real-Time Surface Identification System for Variable Walking Speeds of Biped Robots (2023)

Identifying the underlying surface at varying speeds during robotic locomotion is important for safe and efficient robot navigation. This work aims to enhance the perceptual abilities of biped robots by enabling the force sensor affixed beneath each foot to recognize multiple indoor surfaces while navigating at varying speeds. An accurate yet cost-efficient surface-identification system for the robot is proposed by combining a real-time multiobject support vector machine (SVM) with an efficient time-domain feature. In this context, four promising hand-crafted time-domain features are investigated, among which the root mean square (RMS) feature is proven to outperform the other three features. A mean average precision (mAP) of 95.99% and 98.16% in tenfold SVM cross-validation can be achieved by applying RMS at two different walking speeds, respectively. The high classification accuracy is achieved with high computing efficiency and thus enables system deployment on low-cost platforms, such as Arduino or Jetson Nano, which makes our approach suitable for a wide range of applications across varying walking speeds.
Physical Chemistry of Nanomedicine: Understanding the Complex Behaviors of Nanoparticles in Vivo (2015)

Nanomedicine is an interdisciplinary field of research at the interface of science, engineering, and medicine, with broad clinical applications ranging from molecular imaging to medical diagnostics, targeted therapy, and image-guided surgery. Despite major advances during the past 20 years, there are still major fundamental and technical barriers that need to be understood and overcome. In particular, the complex behaviors of nanoparticles under physiological conditions are poorly understood, and detailed kinetic and thermodynamic principles are still not available to guide the rational design and development of nanoparticle agents. Here we discuss the interactions of nanoparticles with proteins, cells, tissues, and organs from a quantitative physical chemistry point of view. We also discuss insights and strategies on how to minimize nonspecific protein binding, how to design multistage and activatable nanostructures for improved drug delivery, and how to use the enhanced permeability and retention effect to deliver imaging agents for image-guided cancer surgery.
Some spectacular bargains (2011)

Amaurosis fugax has frequently been related to carotid artery disease. In order to determine the relationship between amaurosis fugax and significant carotid artery stenosis, we prospectively studied 81 consecutive patients presenting to an ophthalmologist with this symptom. Neurologic and vascular evaluation with PPG and Duplex-scan were performed. A stenosis of greater than 70% was regarded as significant. DSA was performed in patients with significant stenosis (55 of 81). The presence of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, tobacco and hyperlipidemia was considered. Mean age was 64.96 years. There was a high prevalence of hypertension, smoking and previous CVA/TIAs. Patients with significant carotid stenosis were endarterectomized. Carotid atheromata plaques were classified in three groups: hemorrhagic plaque (5), dystrophic calcification (8) and ulcerated plaque (42). There was a high correlation (0.87) between ulcerated plaque and amaurosis fugax. We conclude that amaurosis fugax is an important symptom to allocate patients with high risk of carotid disease, specially carotid stenosis complicated with ulcerated plaque. Carotid duplex scan must be done if this symptom is present.
Isolation, purification and partial characterization of a glycoside from the Jamaican ball moss plant (&lt;i&gt;Tillandsia recurvata&lt;/i&gt; L.) (2012)

Initial isolation and characterization screens have been carried out on the Jamaican ball moss (Tillandsia recurvata L.) plant producing a novel complex gly-cosidic compound. This complex glycoside may be responsible for the promising anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties of this ball moss plant. A combination of supercritical fluid processing and chromatographic purification was used to produce the isolate. LC-MS analysis showed the presence of a compound with a molecular weight of ~800 and mass spectral (MS-MS and MS-MS-MS) data indicate that this compound may be a glycoside with a molecular mass of 1601.1 Da (negative ionization mode) and possibly contain up to two sialic acids, based on the doubly-charged state of the molecule at neutral pH conditions. 2D-TOCSY NMR spectrum lends evidence to the presence of at least one likely amide to aliphatic proton correlation, indicating the presence of a sialic acid moiety. The main structure of this therapeutic compound appears similar to a soyasaponin.
Forbidden (p,d) pickup to stretched states ofAl26 (1988)

The $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$(p,d${)}^{26}$Al reaction has been studied at ${E}_{p}$=35 MeV with high resolution to populate known ${5}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ and ${6}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ stretched states of ${d}_{5/2}$-hole--${f}_{7/2}$-particle structure, and to obtain the weak spectroscopic factors. These are compared to results also obtained for the $^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$(p,d${)}^{25}$Mg and $^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$${(}^{3}$He,\ensuremath{\alpha}${)}^{25}$Mg reactions to known ${(7/2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ states. An analysis of these results in the Nilsson scheme exposes the structure of the ${6}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ stretched states and offers an understanding of the fragmentation of M6 stretched transition strength in $^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$, as seen by electron scattering. This work is part of a consistent study of many nuclear reactions to stretched states in mass 26, to serve as a test case for these important single-particle modes.
In-plane strength and stiffness of AAC floor without concrete topping in buildings with AAC masonry infill walls - experimental tests and numerical analyses (2020)

The diaphragm action of floors strongly influences the local and global seismic response of a masonry building. The American (ASCE 7-16) and European (EC8) Codes provide few and contrasting indications to classify the floor as 'rigid' or 'flexible'. Moreover, there is limited experience regarding the in-plane behaviour of diaphragms made of aerated autoclaved concrete (AAC) panels, and no specific regulations are available for AAC floors. The assessment of in-plane strength and stiffness of AAC floors without a concrete topping is still an open topic. In this work, in-plane diagonal compression tests on AAC precast panels without a collaborating slab are performed to evaluate the behaviour of AAC floors. Panels having a different thickness and depth of the shear key were considered for testing. The experimental results are then applied to two case study buildings to verify through numerical analyses if they behave as 'rigid' or 'flexible'. Numerical results showed an almost 'rigid' behaviour in terms of stiffness, but the in-plane strength is not always assured in conditions of marked irregularities of the building and high seismic-prone areas.
Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an aqueous extract of Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (lemon extract) for use in all animal species (Nor‐Feed SAS) (2021)

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an aqueous extract of <i>Citrus limon</i> (L.) Osbeck (lemon extract) when used as a sensory additive in feed for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the additive under assessment is safe for all animal species up to the maximum proposed use levels of 1,000 mg/kg complete feed and 250 mg/kg water for drinking. No concerns for consumers were identified following the use of lemon extract up to the highest safe level in feed. The additive should be considered a skin and eye irritant, and a potential corrosive. The use of the extract in animal feed under the proposed conditions was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Lemon extract was recognised to flavour food. Since its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.
OUL: an ultraviolet wide field imager for the Luna 26 mission (2022)

OUL is a wide field imager designed as a small, additional payload to be attached to the Luna 26 mission. The instrument has a field of view of 20° × 20° and provides images with angular resolution 3 arcmin in several far ultraviolet bands, including Lyman-α, He II at 164nm and several continuum bands. The imager is designed to monitor the Earth's exosphere and the ecliptic (+/-20°) primary at Lyman-α and in the 125-140 nm and 145-170 nm bands. In this contribution, the optical design of the instrument, its mechanical layout and the science program to be implemented will be described.
A token-ring network for local data communications (1983)

Technical innovations such as large-scale integrated circuit technology and distributed operating systems have respectively reduced the cost of computing and provided a basis for large networks within the confines of a single building or cluster of buildings in close proximity to one another. Local area networks can provide a systematic approach for interconnecting personal workstations, control units, and central processing units, thereby providing a means for these machines to pass information from one to the other. This paper describes a local area network based on the fundamental concepts of a token-ring. Two main ideas are presented. The first idea concerns the physical topology of the wiring network and its star-ring organization. Next, the logical data flows are overlaid on the physical network to provide control procedures for exchanging data through the network. The resulting system has unique features that produce a local area network with good performance and reliability characteristics.
Traumatized muscle-derived multipotent progenitor cells recruit endothelial cells through vascular endothelial growth factor-A action (2017)

Traumatized muscle, such as that debrided from blast injury sites, is considered a promising and convenient tissue source for multipotent progenitor cells (MPCs), a population of adult mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells. The present study aimed to assess the regenerative therapeutic potential of human traumatized muscle-derived MPCs, e.g., for injury repair in the blast-traumatized extremity, by comparing their pro-angiogenic potential in vitro and capillary recruitment activity in vivo to those of MSCs isolated from human bone marrow, a widely-used tissue source. MPCs were tested for their direct and indirect effects on human microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro. The findings reported here showed that MPC-conditioned culture medium (MPC-CM), like MSC-CM, promoted EC-cord network branching. Silent (si)RNA-mediated silencing of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression in MPCs attenuated this effect. In a chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane in vivo angiogenesis assay, MPCs encapsulated in photocrosslinked gelatin scaffold recruited blood vessels more efficiently than either MSCs or human foreskin fibroblasts. Together, these findings support the potential application of traumatized muscle-derived MPCs in cell-based regenerative medicine therapies as a result of their influence on EC organization. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CRISPR elements provide a new framework for the genealogy of the citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (2019)

Abstract Background: Xanthomonads are an important clade of Gram-negative bacteria infecting a plethora of economically important host plants, including citrus. Knowledge about the pathogen’s diversity and population structure are prerequisite for epidemiological surveillance and efficient disease management. Rapidly evolving genetic loci, such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), are of special interest to develop new molecular typing tools. Results: We analyzed CRISPR loci of 56 Xanthomonas citri pv. citri strains of world-wide origin, a regulated pathogen causing Asiatic citrus canker in several regions of the world. With one exception, 23 unique sequences built up the repertoire of spacers, suggesting that this set of strains originated from a common ancestor that already harbored these 23 spacers. One isolate originating from Pakistan contained a string of 14 additional, probably more recently acquired spacers indicating that this genetic lineage has or had until recently the capacity to acquire new spacers. Comparison of CRISPR arrays with previously obtained molecular typing data, such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms(AFLP), variable-number of tandem-repeats (VNTR) and genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), demonstrated that these methods reveal similar evolutionary trajectories. Notably, genome analyses allowed to generate a model for CRISPR array evolution in X. citri pv. citri, which provides a new framework for the genealogy of the citrus canker pathogen. Conclusions: CRISPR-based typing will further improve the accuracy of the genetic identification of X. citri pv. citrioutbreak strains in molecular epidemiology analyses, especially when used concomitantly with another genotyping method.
Absolute atomic hydrogen density measurements in an atmospheric pressure plasma jet: generation, transport and recombination from the active discharge region to the effluent (2020)

Abstract Atomic hydrogen (H) generated by an atmospheric pressure radio frequency (RF) plasma jet is investigated by two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence in a He–H 2 mixture. The reported time and spatially resolved H density profiles enable a detailed analysis of the species generation, transport and decay along the axis of symmetry of the jet. The H density distribution for a continuous RF plasma jet corresponds well with the outcome of a Pseudo-1D plug flow model. In addition, RF power modulation has a strong effect on the H density in the active discharge region but has a negligible effect on the H density in the far effluent.
Vibration isolation with clutch disk pre-damper mechanism for the idle rattle phenomenon (2016)

In this paper, the influence of clutch disk pre-damper mechanism constituents on the idle rattle phenomenon was investigated with an analytical model containing a new time-varying gear mesh stiffness function. Comparing experimental results to simulation results for the same excitation input was the key implementation for the validation of proposed model. The engine speed fluctuations represented in the simulation was imported from a speed measurement of a diesel engine in the test bench.
Drag/Weight Reduction Using Split-Tip Winglet for TRA2012A Model (2020)

In this paper, we describe shape optimization of a split-tip winglet (STW) model for the TRA2012A commercial jet aircraft model. The STW configuration is expressed by attaching a small wing under the main winglet. The onboard fuel weight, main wing structure weight and the sum of these weights are objective functions, and are minimized respectively in a fixed aircraft operating range for the present optimization. The onboard fuel weight and main wing structure weight are respectively estimated from the aerodynamic drag obtained using computational fluid dynamics simulations and from an estimation formula based on aerodynamic force acting on the main wing. A Kriging response surface model approach is used as the optimization method. Finally, non-dominated optimal designs obtained using this optimization method are investigated in detail based on the variation in aerodynamic drag and the main wing structure weight. In the STW design having minimum total weight, a reduction in onboard fuel weight and increase in main wing structure weight are observed, and it is found that the reduction in onboard fuel weight per unit volume of STW is the largest.
Corrigenda (1984)

H. Ishii, K. Tori, T. Tozyo, Y. Yoshimura, A. C. Veronese, P. Scrimin, G. Vecchiati, S. Sferra, F. D'Angeli, K. Clausen, M. Thorsen, S. Lawesson, D. P. Munro and J. T. Sharp, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1984, 2197 DOI: 10.1039/P19840002197