gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy efficient design and sustainable buildings (2014)

The use of energy in buildings and infrastructure has increased many folds suggesting that alternate means must be devised to conserve energy and operate the buildings with sustainable means. For the buildings, energy efficiency can be achieved using the insulation materials, improved architectural technique, and modified construction methodology. Energy demand to operate buildings must be reduced to develop energy efficient and sustainable buildings for the future, without compromising the living comfort, performance, and services. The architecture, design, and orientation of building are altered to introduce energy efficient and sustainable design in commercial, residential, and industrial buildings. Observations and experiments were carried out on four existing buildings and a model was studied and compared based on orientation, construction materials used, type of construction, and architectural techniques. The results show that, using Alpolic Cladding and double layered windows at outer face of buildings gives 8% more thermal efficiency than the ordinary construction. The cavity wall construction enhances the energy conservation of the building by 6% as compared to traditional construction of block masonry. The model studies show that using cavity wall and Structural Concrete Insulated Panel (SCIP) as cladding/infill walls in frame structures can reduce the energy demand of the building upto 3%. Building orientation, architecture, use of latest energy efficient materials, and enhanced construction techniques contribute significantly towards energy efficient performance of buildings.
Assessment of orchard sprayers using computational fluid dynamics (2012)

Summary The quality of agricultural sprayers is determined by their ability to maintain the balance between on- and off-target deposition. In order to address some orchard spraying issues, the performance of three orchard sprayers (BAB Duoprop, Hardi Condor V and Hardi Tango) are characterised using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The right sides of the sprayers were modelled at high fan speed settings for airflow. Albuz ATR orange and red nozzles, respectively, for the first two and for the last sprayer were used for spray flow. The CFD models represent controlled trials carried out indoor using artificial pear trees made of wooden stalk and ficus branches. All sprayers showed poor deposition on the top part of the canopy with the best results for the Duoprop and the worst for the Condor V. Though both sprayers showed high off-target deposition above 2 m, the greatest losses were found for the Condor V. Generally Duoprop sprayer gave the highest leaf deposition and Tango the least. The model proved that the magnitude, pattern and uniformity of the airflow from the sprayers dictates the spray flow and deposition.
A Non‐Discriminating Aspartyl‐tRNA Synthetase fromHalobacterium salinarum (2006)

The tRNA-dependent transamidation pathway is the essential route for Asn-tRNA(Asn) formation in organisms that lack an asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. This pathway relies on a nondiscriminating aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (ND-AspRS encoded by aspS), an enzyme with relaxed tRNA specificity, to form Asp-tRNA(Asn). The misacylated tRNA is then converted to Asn-tRNA(Asn) by the action of an Asp-tRNA(Asn) amidotransferase. Here we show that Asn-tRNA(Asn) formation in the extreme halophile Halobacterium salinarum also occurs by this transamidation mechanism, and we explore the property of the haloarchaeal AspRS to aspartylate tRNA(Asn) in vivo and in vitro. Transformation of the E. coli trpA34 strain with the H. salinarum aspS and tRNA(Asn) genes led to restoration of tryptophan prototrophy by missense suppression of the trpA34 mutant with heterologously in vivo formed Asp-tRNA(Asn). The haloarchaeal AspRS works well at low and high (0.1-3 M) salt concentrations but it is unable to use Escherichia coli tRNA as substrate. We show that mutations of two amino acids (H26 and P84) located in the AspRS anticodon binding domain limit the specificity of this nondiscriminating enzyme towards tRNA(Asn). Thus, as was observed in an archaeal discriminating AspRS and a bacterial ND-AspRS, amino acids in these positions influence the enzyme's tRNA selection.
Virtual Maps for Autonomous Exploration with Pose SLAM (2019)

We consider the problem of autonomous mobile robot exploration in an unknown environment taking into account the robot's mapping rate, map uncertainty, and state estimation uncertainty. This paper presents an exploration framework built upon segment-aided pose SLAM adapted for better active localization. We build on our previous work on expectation maximization (EM) exploration, which explicitly models unknown landmarks as latent variables and predicts their expected uncertainty, to resolve the lack of landmark state in denser instances of SLAM. The proposed system comprises path generation, place recognition forecasting, belief propagation and utility evaluation using a virtual map. We analyze the performance in simulated experiments, showing that our algorithm maintains higher coverage speed in exploration as well as lower mapping and localization error. The real-time applicability is demonstrated on an unmanned ground vehicle.
Retrospective evaluation of intersubject brain registration (2003)

Although numerous methods to register brains of different individuals have been proposed, no work has been done, as far as we know, to evaluate and objectively compare the performances of different nonrigid (or elastic) registration methods on the same database of subjects. In this paper, we propose an evaluation framework, based on global and local measures of the relevance of the registration. We have chosen to focus more particularly on the matching of cortical areas, since intersubject registration methods are dedicated to anatomical and functional normalization, and also because other groups have shown the relevance of such registration methods for deep brain structures. Experiments were conducted using 6 methods on a database of 18 subjects. The global measures used show that the quality of the registration is directly related to the transformation's degrees of freedom. More surprisingly, local measures based on the matching of cortical sulci did not show significant differences between rigid and non rigid methods.
Stabilization of Continuous-Time Singularly Perturbed Switched Systems (2009)

In this article, stability of continuous-time switched linear systems in the singular perturbation form is investigated. We show that the stability of slow and fast switched subsystems is not a sufficient condition for stability of the corresponding two-time scale switched system, under an arbitrary switching law. Thus, LMI conditions to design a state-feedback control law stabilizing continuous-time singularly perturbed switched linear systems are proposed.
Upper Mantle Shear Velocity Structure below Northwestern India Based on Group Velocity Dispersion (2015)

Abstract We derive a well‐resolved 1D model of shear‐wave velocity ( V S ) through both linear, and nonlinear joint inversions of Rayleigh‐ and Love‐wave group velocity dispersion data. Our best model from the deterministic approach suggests a two‐layered crust over a half‐space: the upper crust is 13.8 km thick with a shear velocity of 3.22  km/s; for the lower crust they are 24.9 km and 3.62  km/s, respectively. Finally, we use a global optimization method (very fast simulated annealing) to estimate shear‐wave velocity. Multiple models give acceptable fits to the observed data. A common feature of these models is a low‐velocity zone (LVZ) with its upper boundary at 60–70 km depth. At this depth, the temperature–depth profile of Kachchh cuts the wet peridotite geotherm, resulting in increased water content due to partial melting, and thus the decreased shear velocity. This LVZ extends down to a depth of 120–130 km, where the temperature–depth profile of Kachchh cuts the dry peridotite geotherm that leads to a sharp decrease in water content, thereby, a sharp increase in shear velocity. The maximum V S perturbation of −3% in the upper mantle can be explained by the presence of 100–150 K excess temperature beneath northwestern India at 70–120 km depth relative to the adjacent mantle along with the presence of 1% penny‐shaped melt inclusions (probably CO 2 ‐rich carbonatite melts) in the upper mantle. This is likely related to the imprints of the initial Deccan/Reunion plume head that might have moved with India since the Deccan volcanism at 65 Ma.
Guess What! Myiasis caused by Wohlfahrtia vigil. (1998)

A 2-year-old patient living in a rural area of southern Israel was referred to our dermatology clinic because of several lesions on the scalp which had slowly developed over the previous four weeks. On examination, a few ulcerated pulsating nodules were present (Fig. 1). Scrapings from the lesions are shown in Figure 2. Myiasis caused by Wohlfahrtia vigil Parasitologic examination of the debris from the [...]
CoWriting Kazakh: Transitioning to a New Latin Script using Social Robots (2019)

In the Republic of Kazakhstan, the transition from Cyrillic towards Latin alphabet raises challenges to teach the whole population in writing the new script. This paper presents a CoWriting Kazakh system that aims to implement an autonomous behavior of a social robot that would assist children in learning a new script. Considering the fact that the current generation of primary school children have to be fluent in both Kazakh scripts, this exploratory study aims to investigate which learning approach provides better effect. Participants were asked to teach a humanoid robot NAO how to write Kazakh words using one of the scripts, Latin vs Cyrillic. We hypothesize that it is more effective when a child mentally converts the word to Latin in comparison to having the robot perform conversion itself. The findings reject this hypothesis, but further research is needed as it is suggested that the way the pre-test was performed might have caused the obtained results.
Lateral interactions between adsorbed molecules: Investigations of CO on Ru(001) using nonlinear surface vibrational spectroscopies (2002)

We present an experimental and theoretical investigation into the coupling of C-O stretch vibrations of CO molecules adsorbed on Ru(001). We employ surface infrared-visible (IR-VIS) (IV) and infrared-infrared-visible (IR-IR-VIS) (IIV) sum-frequency generation (SFG) (IV-SFG and IIV-SFG, respectively) to investigate the effects of the intermolecular coupling through the nonlinear optical response of the system. As a consequence of the increased intermolecular interaction with increasing coverage due to the closer proximity of CO molecules on the surface, we observe pronounced frequency shifts of the vibrational resonances. In addition, the intensity behavior in both the IV-SFG and IIV-SFG spectra exhibits a strong nonlinear dependence on the coverage. These observations can be reproduced by extending previous theories for the coverage-dependent linear optical response (used to explain IR reflectance absorption data) to the nonlinear optical response. Expressions are derived for the second- and third-order nonlinear susceptibilities in terms of molecular properties such as the polarizability, hyperpolarizability, and second hyperpolarizability. We obtain very good quantitative agreement between theory and experiment. The analysis indicates that the principal effect of the intermolecular coupling on the nonlinear optical response is through a local-field correction for the linear IR field.
Topology Optimization- Problem Formulation and Pragmatic Outcomes by integration of TOSCA and CAE tools (2008)

Abstract—Structural optimization tools have grasped enormous applications in engineering design and development activities because of increasing demands of lightweight and rigid products. In this milieu, researchers have exploited the potentials of nonparametric structural optimization tools like topology optimization by coupling and integrating with other compatible softwares. The first part of this paper deals with the mathematical physical fundamentals of the problem formulation of topology optimization. In the second part application of topology optimization is described by adopting an integrated design approach. The objective is to find the optimal design proposal of a thing walled aerospace component, for which a predecessor design subsists. ANSYS is used to develop the FE model of initial design space of component. TOSCA is used for topology optimization, data reduction and smoothing of optimization results for CAD compatible output. The optimized model is then imported in CATIA to incorporate necessary refinements for manufacturing, machining and geometric restrictions. To validate this new design proposal, optimized model is then imported in ANSYS and analyzed again under the stipulated loads and boundary conditions. At the end, a comparison is made between the predecessor design and the new optimized design proposal. Comparison validates the new design proposal assisted by optimization and simulations is more reliable and reduced weight with enhanced structural performance.
Preferential retention of human chromosome 14 in mouse × human B cell hybrids (1980)

Abstract Loss of human chromosomes from mouse × human hybridomas is not random. Human chromosomes 14, 5 and 22 are preferentially retained, while chromosomes 2 and 1 are preferentially lost. Interestingly, human chromosome 14, which carries the genes for human immunoglobulin heavy chains, appears to be retained by almost all the hybrid clones and subclones.
A mode-based clustering algorithm without mode seeking (2012)

Mode-based clustering approaches such as mean-shift and its variants are extremely successful. They are also computationally expensive due to their iterative hill-climbing strategy when determining cluster labels for samples. We identify the fact that mode-based cluster boundaries exhibit themselves as minor surfaces of the data distribution. Based on this observation, we develop a mode-based clustering methodology that does not involve iterative hill climbing for each sample. The method, instead, is based on searching for the presence of a minor surface on a path that connects pairs of samples. The pairwise data connections, when evaluated efficiently, may lead to a simple graph connectivity matrix based on which clusters can be identified using connected components. This search efficiency is achieved by an agglomerative clustering approach in the particular proposition presented in this paper. Illustrative experiments are carried out on synthetic datasets using Gaussian mixture models and kernel density estimates.
Low‐Voltage Complementary Electronics from Ion‐Gel‐Gated Vertical Van der Waals Heterostructures (2016)

Low-voltage complementary circuits comprising n-type and p-type van der Waals heterojunction vertical field-effect transistors (VFETs) are demonstrated. The resulting VFETs possess high on-state current densities (>3000 A cm(-2) ) and on/off current ratios (>10(4) ) in a narrow voltage window (<3 V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolopyridines (Azaindoles). (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Alcohols and Amines: The Ichikawa Synthesis of (+)-Geranyllinaloisocyanide (2015)

Shuichi Nakamura of the Nagoya Institute of Technology reduced (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 2249) the α-oxo ester 1 to 2 with high ee. Günter Helmchen of the Universität-Heidelberg optimized (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 2072) the Ir*-catalyzed rearrangement of 3 to the allylic alcohol 4. D. Tyler McQuade of Florida State University effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 2410) the enantioselective allylic substitution of 5 to give the secondary allyl boronate, which was then oxidized to 6. Kazuaki Kudo of the University of Tokyo developed (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 3498) the tandem oxidation of the aldehyde 7 to the α-alkoxy acid 8. Takashi Ooi of Nagoya University prepared (Synlett 2011, 1265) the secondary amine 10 by the enantioselective addition of an aniline to the nitroalkene 9. Yixin Lu of the National University of Singapore assembled (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 2638) the α-quaternary amine 13 by the addition of the aldehyde 11 to the azodicarboxylate 10. Chan-Mo Yu of Sungkyunkwan University added (Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 3811) the enantiomerically pure 2-borylbutadiene 15 to the aldehyde 14 to give 16 in high ee. Because the allene is readily dragged out to the terminal alkyne, this is also a protocol for the enantioselective homopropargylation of an aldehyde. Lin Pu of the University of Virginia devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 2368) a protocol for the enantioselective addition of 17 to the aldehyde 18 to give 19. Xiaoming Feng of Sichuan University developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 2573) a Mg catalyst for the enantioselective addition of 21 to the α-oxo ester 20. Tomonori Misaka and Takashi Sugimura of the University of Hyogo added (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5695) 23 to 24 to give the Z-amide 25 in high ee. Marc L. Snapper and Amir H. Hoveyda of Boston College developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 3332) a Cu catalyst for the enantioselective allylation of the imine 26. Jonathan Clayden of the University of Manchester effected (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 5442) the enantioselective rearrangement of the amide 29 to the α-quaternary amine 30.
Machine Learning for Real-Time Decision Making (2001)

Abstract : Many problems of interest to the Air Force involve routine sequential decision making under uncertainty. Examples include air traffic control, control of autonomous surveillance aircraft, logistics planning and scheduling, and equipment diagnosis and repair. These kinds of problems can be formulated within the framework of Markov Decision Problems (MDPs) and Partially-Observable Markov Decision Problems (POMDPs). Reinforcement Learning is the study of adaptive methods for solving large MDPs and POMDPs. The research funded under this grant developed a hierarchical approach to solving MDPs, called the MAXQ method, that is much more effective than previous non-hierarchical methods. Theoretical analysis proves that MAXQ converges to the optimal solution. Experimental studies show that it gives very large speedups during learning. A second line of research developed two methods for approximately solving large POMDPs. This research also explored cost-sensitive learning and diagnosis by formulating them as POMDPs and applying specialized reinforcement learning methods to solve them. A third line of research focused on function approximation methods and algorithms for practical reinforcement learning. New representations (based on regression trees and support vector machines) and new algorithms (based on more appropriate objective functions) led to improvements in the quality of solutions and the practical application of reinforcement learning to resource-constrained scheduling problems.
Treatment-free survival (TFS), a novel outcome applied to immuno-oncology (IO) agents in advanced melanoma (AM). (2018)

9531 Background: Conventional measures, such as median progression-free survival, may suboptimally characterize the full impact of IO agents. Patients (pts) discontinuing IO agents may experience periods of disease control without needing subsequent systemic anticancer therapy (Rx). We propose TFS to simultaneously characterize the antitumor activity and adverse events of this period. Here we present the antitumor activity seen in the TF periods following IO therapy in AM. Methods: Data were pooled from 1077 pts initiating Rx in CheckMate 067 and 069 trials of ipilimumab (I) and nivolumab (N) as monotherapy and combination for AM (407 N+I, 313 N, 357 I). I was given for 4 doses; N was given until progression/intolerability. We defined TFS as the area between Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves for 2 conventional time to event endpoints: (A) duration of protocol Rx (randomization until Rx cessation) and (B) subsequent Rx-free survival (randomization until initiation of subsequent Rx or death). We estimated overall survival (OS). Area under each KM curve was estimated by the 36 mo restricted mean time to event. Area under the OS curve until 36 mo was partitioned as time on protocol Rx (mean A), TFS (mean B-A), and post-subsequent Rx time (mean OS-B), and summarized as percentage of the 36 mo period. Results: At 36 mo, 58% N+I, 52% N, 36% I pts were alive. Few pts remained on protocol Rx (11% N+I, 17% N, 0% I) and many pts were surviving free of subsequent Rx (47% N+I, 37% N, 15% I). 36 mo restricted mean OS was longer for N+I and N than I (Table). Mean TFS was 31% of time for N+I vs 13% for N, as N+I had shorter mean protocol Rx duration and longer time until subsequent Rx, and 24% for I. Clinical trial information: NCT01844505 and NCT01927419. Conclusions: Defining TFS by the area between KM curves for time to protocol Rx cessation and time to subsequent Rx or death, showed AM pts receiving N+I spent more time free of any Rx compared to N or I, and will allow integration of toxicity data to also characterize patient well-being while treatment free. Restricted mean time, mo (% of 36 mo period) N+I N I OS 25.7 (72%) 24.9 (69%) 21.4 (59%) Duration of protocol Rx, A 10.3 (29) 13.9 (39) 2.6 (7) TFS, B-A 11.1 (31) 4.6 (13) 8.7 (24) Time after subsequent Rx initiation, OS-B 4.3 (12) 6.4 (18) 10.1 (28)
Supplementary Figure S2 from Safety and Antitumor Activity of α-PD-L1 Antibody as Monotherapy or in Combination with α-TIM-3 Antibody in Patients with Microsatellite Instability–High/Mismatch Repair–Deficient Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S2. Overall survival&lt;/p&gt;
Goal-driven sensor configuration in a navigation system (2016)

This paper presents a systematic approach to configure the sensor suite and measurement preprocessing functionality in a navigation system. The sensors and the user platform will be abstracted and represented with generic models. Various types of resources on the platform including processing capability, power consumption and payload capability are included in the platform model. Navigation performance will be optimized to meet the goals of specific missions, subject to the constraints on the onboard resources. A non-linear programming process is adopted to solve the constrained optimization problem.
The Local Order of As Sites in Increasingly Amorphous Si (1997)

Our previous work has concentrated on the recrystallisation of amorphous silicon with temperature and we used XAFS to follow the local order of the dopants (typically As, Ga, etc) to see them change from essentially 3-fold in the amorphous state to 4-fold in the crystalline state. The main findings were that the silicon matrix recovers before the dopants can adjust their coordination numbers to the crystalline requirements. We present here investigations in the reverse process, namely, the progressive amorphisation of the crystalline matrix by ion bombardment. We show the progressive transformation of the dopants local structure as the matrix amorphises and show there is no delay in the structural rearrangement.