gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strong Optomechanical Interactions with Long-lived Fundamental Acoustic Waves (2022)

Traveling-wave optomechanical interactions, known as Brillouin interactions, have now been established as a powerful and versatile resource for photonic sources, sensors, and radio-frequency processors. However, established Brillouin-based interactions with sufficient interaction strengths involve short phonon lifetimes, which critically limit their performance for applications including radio-frequency filtering and optomechanical storage devices. Here, we investigate a new paradigm of optomechanical interactions with fundamental acoustic modes, where interaction strength is decoupled from phonon lifetimes, enabling the uniquely desirable combination of high optomechanical coupling, long phonon lifetimes, tunable phonon frequencies, and single-sideband amplification. Using sensitive four-wave mixing spectroscopy controlling for noise and spatial mode coupling, optomechanical interactions with long &gt; 2 $μs$ phonon lifetimes and strong &gt; 400 $W^{-1} m^{-1}$ coupling are observed in a tapered fiber. In addition, we demonstrate novel phonon self-interference effects resulting from the unique combination of an axially varying device geometry with long phonon lifetimes. A generalized theoretical model, in excellent agreement with experiments, is developed with broad applicability to inhomogeneous optomechanical systems.
Optimal routing in Chord (2004)

We propose optimal routing algorithms for Chord [1], a popular topology for routing in peer-to-peer networks. Chord is an undirected graph on 2b nodes arranged in a circle, with edges connecting pairs of nodes that are 2k positions apart for any k ≥ 0. The standard Chord routing algorithm uses edges in only one direction. Our algorithms exploit the bidirectionality of edges for optimality. At the heart of the new protocols lie algorithms for writing a positive integer d as the difference of two non-negative integers d′ and d″ such that the total number of 1-bits in the binary representation of d′ and d″ is minimized. Given that Chord is a variant of the hypercube, the optimal routes possess a surprising combinatorial structure.
Model complexity validation for PDF estimation using Gaussian mixtures (2002)

Semiparametric density estimation using Gaussian mixtures is a powerful means that can give as good performance as a nonparametric estimator, without its heavy computational burden. A maximum penalised likelihood principle was previously proposed by the authors (1996) for selecting the best approximating mixture for an unknown density function. We propose here a test carried on the training set to validate the model choice. The selected model is required to give a calibrated prediction, i.e. if it predicts the frequencies of the training sample reasonably well, the penalty term adopted is accepted otherwise it is relaxed.
Wood forming tissue‐specific bicistronic expression of PdGA20ox1 and PtrMYB221 improves both the quality and quantity of woody biomass production in a hybrid poplar (2018)

With the exponential growth of the human population and industrial developments, research on renewable energy resources is required to alleviate environmental and economic impacts caused by the consumption of fossil fuels. In this study, we present a synthetic biological application of a wood forming tissue-specific bicistronic gene expression system to improve both the quantity and quality of woody biomass to minimize undesirable growth penalties. Our transgenic poplars, designed to express both PdGA20ox1 (a GA20-oxidase from Pinus densiflora producing bioactive gibberellin, GA) and PtrMYB221 (a MYB transcription factor negatively regulating lignin biosynthesis) under the developing xylem (DX) tissue-specific promoter (i.e., DX15::PdGA20ox1-2A-PtrMYB221 poplar), resulted in a 2-fold increase in biomass quantity compared to wild-type (WT), without undesirable growth defects. A similar phenotype was observed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants harboring the same gene constructs. These phenotypic consequences were further verified in the field experiments. Importantly, our transgenic poplars exhibited an improved quality of biomass with reduced lignin content (~16.0 wt%) but increased holocellulose content (~6.6 wt%). Furthermore, the saccharification efficiency of our transgenic poplar increased significantly by up to 8%. Our results demonstrate that the controlled production of both GA and a secondary wall modifying regulator in the same spatio-temporal manner can be utilized as an efficient biotechnological tool for producing the desired multi-purpose woody biomass.
Anti-IL-13 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From the Bench to the Bedside (2013)

Much work has been done to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IL-13 has emerged as an important cytokine effective in ulcerative colitis (UC) and fistulizing Crohn's disease (CD). IL-13 is a T helper 2-type cytokine with pleiotropic effects, involved in parasite expulsion, asthma pathophysiology, natural history of cancer and other human pathologies. Great interest has therefore been developed in inhibiting its function as a therapeutic intervention in these diseases. The multifunctional properties of IL-13, with particular emphasis on its role in both CD and UC, as well as current developing pharmacologic agents inhibiting the IL-13 signaling pathway have been reviewed. Anti-IL-13 agents seem to be promising therapeutic strategies for the future management of IBD and other human diseases.
Peripheral CD4+ Lymphocytes Derived from Fetal versus Adult Thymic Precursors Differ Phenotypically and Functionally (2003)

There is growing evidence that the differentiation processes in the fetal and adult thymus are not identical. However, there is little information on whether these developmental differences influence the properties of mature cells that exit the thymus and seed peripheral lymphoid organs. We have addressed this issue by comparing the development of Ag-specific Th1/Th2 function by fetal vs adult thymic derived CD4(+) cells in the same adoptive adult hosts. Host mice were irradiated and transplanted with 14- to 15-day fetal thymic lobes from Thy-1 congenic mice. Ag (keyhole limpet hemocyanin)-specific Th1/Th2 responses of fetal-derived (donor) or adult-derived (host) CD4(+) cells were analyzed by ELISA following primary or secondary immunization. Fetal-derived cells produced up to 10-fold more of both Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines than did adult-derived cells. Comparisons of the IL-4:IFN-gamma ratios showed that the responses of fetal-derived cells were Th2-skewed in an Ag dose-dependent manner. At low doses of Ag, the fetal-derived ratio was approximately 5 times higher than the adult-derived ratio. As the Ag dose was increased, the differences between the ratios of the fetal- and adult-derived responses were minimized. These relative responses were established initially during the primary effector phase but were maintained for weeks, into the memory phase of the immune response. Importantly, fetal-derived CD4(+) cells showed these properties whether the fetal thymic precursors matured within the fetal or adult thymic microenvironment. These results demonstrate that cells arising from fetal thymic precursors are functionally different both qualitatively and quantitatively from adult-derived cells.
Combination of vascularization and cilia formation for three‐dimensional airway tissue engineering (2019)

Tissue engineering is a promising approach to treat massive airway dysfunctions such as tracheomalacia or tumors. Currently, there is no adequate solution for patients requiring the resection of more than half of the length of their trachea. In this study, the best conditions for combination of three different cell types from the respiratory airway system were investigated to develop a functional ciliated and pre-vascularized mucosal substitute in vitro. Primary human fibroblasts were combined with respiratory epithelial cells and endothelial cells. As scaffolds, fibrin gel and agarose-type I collagen blends were used and cultured with different medium compositions to optimize both vascularization and differentiation of the respiratory epithelium. A mixture of endothelial growth medium and epithelial differentiation medium was shown to optimize both vascularization and epithelial growth and differentiation. After 28 days of co-culture, significantly increased formation of capillary-like structures was observed in fibrin gels with more than three times higher structure volumes compared to agarose-collagen gels. After 35 days, epithelial differentiation into a pseudostratified epithelium with typical marker expression was improved on fibrin gels. While cilia formation was shown on both scaffolds, a higher number of ciliated cells and longer cilia were observed on fibrin gels. The data elucidate the important interplay of co-culture parameters and their impact on vascularization as well as epithelium development and provide a basis for development of functional three-dimensional airway constructs.
Polycrystalline Silicon Ribbons Made by Rapid Quenching Methods (1980)

Polycrystalline silicon ribbons were prepared by Roller Quenching Methods. Ribbons obtained were produced at an ultra high speed about 20 m/sec, and the size was 20 µm to 200 µm in thickness and 1 mm to 50 mm in width. Microscopic observations of etched ribbon surface showed that the average grain size were 20 µm to 30 µm. Cross sectional view showed the ribbons in columnar grain structure. Any unwanted impurity was undetectable by an Auger analysis except very thin oxygenated layer on the surface of ribbons. The active carrier concentration of the ribbons was nearly the same with the doped impurity concentration from 10 14 /cm 3 to 10 20 /cm 3 , and the Hall mobility parallel to the ribbon axis and perpendicular to the ribbon plane was 1 to 150 cm 2 · V -1 · sec -1 and 700 cm 2 · V -1 · sec -1 , respectively. A solar cell using the present ribbon was made by a thermal diffusion method. The satisfactory diode characteristics and the conversion efficiency of about 5% were obtained.
CALCULATING DISTILLATION EFFICIENCIES OF MULTICOMPONENT i-BUTANE/ n-BUTANE COLUMN (2001)

Abstract This paper presents experimental data and estimated distillation efficiencies of an industrial scale distillation column separating i-butane and n-butane. The data gathered from plant instruments and laboratory analysis were reconciled and compared to distillation simulations. The simulations were performed with a number of real plates using the point and the Murphree plate efficiency calculation model. This matrix model of efficiency at first estimates the point efficiencies using the two-film and multicomponent mass transfer theory. The point efficiencies are then converted into Murphree plate efficiencies using a liquid mixing model. The whole method is implemented in a computer program to simulate an industrial distillation column with real plates. Finally the calculated product compositions are compared with reconciled measurements. The values of overall, section, point and Murphree plate efficiencies of multicomponent i-butane/n-butane system are also calculated. The results show that point efficiencies are not adequate for large industrial scale columns. The results also imply that the plate efficiency calculation method can be utilized and employed in the design and simulation of industrial scale columns. Keywords: DistillationSimulationMass-transferPlates: TraysMurphree efficiency Additional informationNotes on contributorsJ. ILME Address for correspondence: Kemira Agro, Espoo Research Center, P.O.B 44, FIN-02271 Espoo, Finland.
Effects of Samarium Doping on the Ferroelectric Properties of Modified Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics (2010)

Polycrystalline ceramics samples having compositional formula PbZr0.588Ti0.392Fe0.01Nb0.01O3 and Pb0.98Sm0.02Zr0.588Ti0.392Fe0.01Nb0.01O3 were prepared by traditional solid state route. Sintering was carried out at 1250°C in closed alumina crucibles in lead rich atmosphere. XRD analysis confirmed formation of tetragonal perovskite structure and tetragonality was found to decrease with Sm substitution. In order to study microstructure, SEM micrographs were recorded on freshly broken pieces. The grain size was observed to decrease with Sm addition. P-E hysteresis loops were recorded at different temperatures for investigating ferroelectric properties. Sm substitution improves squareness and remanence.
T-Carrier to URL (Uniform resource locator) (2010)

Definition: T-Carrier is the generic name for digital high-speed data-transmission lines more specifically known in the United States as T-1, T-2, etc.
Improvement of the critical current properties ofin situpowder-in-tube-processed MgB2tapes by hot pressing (2010)

We applied hot pressing to in situ powder-in-tube-processed (PIT-processed) MgB2 tapes. We enhanced the superconducting properties by adding nanometer-sized SiC powder and ethyltoluene (C9H12) to the mixed powder. Hot pressing was performed at 100 MPa and 630 °C in an Ar gas atmosphere for 2–10 h. Hot pressing reduced the cross-sectional area of the MgB2 tapes from ∼ 0.55 mm2 for conventionally heat-treated tapes to ∼ 0.44 mm2. This increased the MgB2 core density from 50% to 70%. Undoped MgB2 tapes hot pressed for 5 h exhibited a transport Jc of 90 A mm − 2 at 4.2 K and 10 T, which is about three times greater than that for a tape heat treated without hot pressing. The value of Jc for codoped tape hot pressed for 5 h was 450 A mm − 2 at 10 T, which is larger than that for codoped tape heat treated without hot pressing (280 A mm − 2). These results clearly demonstrate that hot pressing is effective in increasing the MgB2 core density, and hence in enhancing the Jc values of PIT-processed MgB2 tapes.
Pharmacokinetics parameters of ACT-451840 in healthy mice (<i>n</i> = 4). (2016)

&lt;p&gt;Pharmacokinetics parameters of ACT-451840 in healthy mice (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 4).&lt;/p&gt;
Computationally Efficient Sparse Bayesian Learning via Belief Propagation (2010)

We present a belief propagation (BP)-based sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) algorithm, referred to as the BP-SBL, to recover sparse transform coefficients in large scale compressed sensing problems. BP-SBL is based on a widely used hierarchical Bayesian model, which is turned into a factor graph so that BP can be applied to achieve computational efficiency. We prove that the messages in BP are Gaussian probability density functions and therefore, we only need to update their means and variances when we update the messages. The computational complexity of BP-SBL is proportional to the number of transform coefficients, allowing the algorithms to deal with large scale compressed sensing problems efficiently. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of BP-SBL.
Expression of an oncogenic mutant EGF receptor markedly increases the sensitivity of cells to an EGF‐receptor‐specific antibody‐toxin (1998)

EGFRvIII is a ligand-independent, constitutively active variant of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that is specifically expressed in gliomas and various other human malignancies and has been proposed as a target for directed tumor therapy. We have recently constructed a highly potent single-chain antibody-toxin, scFv(14E1)-ETA, which consists of the variable domains of the antibody 14E1 specific for human full-length EGFR genetically fused to a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. We demonstrate here binding of 14E1 antibody to both full-length and variant EGFR. In contrast to a recombinant toxin containing transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) as a cell targeting domain, scFv(14E1)-ETA was highly active on cells expressing EGFRvIII. Surprisingly, scFv(14E1)-ETA displayed cell killing activity on EGFRvIII-expressing cells that was up to 100-fold higher than on control cells expressing full-length EGFR. No differences in the binding affinities of scFv(14E1)-ETA to full-length EGFR or EGFRvIII were observed, suggesting that events downstream of immunotoxin binding are responsible for the increased sensitivity of EGFRvIII-expressing cells. This might have implications for the development of therapeutic reagents simultaneously targeting different forms of the EGFR.
Simultaneous Intent Prediction and State Estimation Using an Intent-Driven Intrinsic Coordinate Model (2020)

The motion of an object (e.g. ship, jet, pedestrian, bird, drone, etc.) is usually governed by premeditated actions as per an underlying intent, for instance reaching a destination. In this paper, we introduce a novel intent-driven dynamical model based on a continuous-time intrinsic coordinate model. By combining this model with particle filtering, a seamless approach for jointly predicting the destination and estimating the state of a highly manoeuvrable object is developed. We examine the proposed inference technique using real data with different measurement models to demonstrate its efficacy. In particular, we show that the introduced approach can be a flexible and competitive alternative, in terms of prediction and estimation performance, to other existing methods for various measurement models including nonlinear ones.
On mammalian sperm dimensions (1985)

Data on linear sperm dimensions in mammals are presented. There is information on a total of 284 species, representing 6.2% of all species; 17.2% of all genera and 49.2% of all families have some representation, with quantitative information missing only from the orders Dermoptera, Pholidota, Sirenia and Tubulidentata. In general, sperm size is inverse to body mass (except for the Chiroptera), so that the smallest known spermatozoa are amongst those of artiodactyls and the largest are amongst those of marsupials. Most variations are due to differences in the lengths of midpiece and principal piece, with head lengths relatively uniform throughout the mammals.
Facile synthesis of 3D N-doped porous carbon nanosheets as highly active electrocatalysts toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (2018)

Constructing three-dimensional (3D) conductive frameworks with high specific surface areas and porous structures is indispensable for their applications as electrocatalysts. In this work, we illustrate for the first time that 3D N-doped porous carbon nanosheets (3D-NS), which are synthesized via a facile one-pot pyrolysis reaction using glucose and melamine as raw materials, can serve as high performance and green electrocatalysts for the reduction of H2O2. Moreover, a series of 3D-NS samples with a controllable content of nitrogen were obtained by adjusting the calcination temperature. From our research, the 3D-NS obtained at 900 °C possessed high specific surface areas, porous structures, proper dosages of N atoms, suitable degrees of graphitization and defects. Furthermore, we also illustrate their application in H2O2 electrochemical sensing in physiological environments. Under optimum conditions, the 3D-NS-based sensor displays a wide linear scope in the range of 0.5-14 000 μM and a low detection limit of 0.18 μM (S/N = 3). Therefore, with desirable selectivity, stability and anti-interference performance, the proposed sensor can be feasibly applied to detect H2O2 in human serum samples.
The Mini-EUSO telescope on board the International Space Station: Launch and first results (2021)

Mini-EUSO is a telescope launched on board the International Space Station in 2019 and currently located in the Russian section of the station. Main scientific objectives of the mission are the search for nuclearites and Strange Quark Matter, the study of atmospheric phenomena such as Transient Luminous Events, meteors and meteoroids, the observation of sea bioluminescence and of artificial satellites and man-made space debris. It is also capable of observing Extensive Air Showers generated by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays with an energy above 10$^{21}$ eV and detect artificial showers generated with lasers from the ground. Mini-EUSO can map the night-time Earth in the UV range (290 - 430 nm), with a spatial resolution of about 6.3 km and a temporal resolution of 2.5 $\mu$s, observing our planet through a nadir-facing UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module. The instrument, launched on 2019/08/22 from the Baikonur cosmodrome is based on an optical system employing two Fresnel lenses and a focal surface composed of 36 Multi-Anode Photomultiplier tubes, 64 channels each, for a total of 2304 channels with single photon counting sensitivity and an overall field of view of 44$^{\circ}$. Mini-EUSO also contains two ancillary cameras to complement measurements in the near infrared and visible ranges. In this paper we describe the detector and present the various phenomena observed in the first year of operation.
ChemInform Abstract: ACYLANTHRANILS. 8. QUESTION OF NEWMAN STERIC HINDRANCE IN THE REACTION OF LINEAR ALIPHATIC AMINES WITH ACETYLANTHRANIL (1978)

Abstract Acety1anthranil(II) wird mit zahlreichen w‐funktionellen Aminen (III) umgesetzt und hierbei je nach Art der Kettenlänge und funktionellen Gruppe in (III) die Diamide (I) oder auch die Betaine (IV) bzw. deren Dehydratisierungsprodukte (V) erhalten.
An Automatic Approach to Verify Sensor Network Systems (2010)

The programming language nesC for TinyOS applications supports special features of sensor network systems by providing a component-oriented programming model which is flexibly concurrent/reactive and event-driven. Sensor network systems are correctness critical since they are expected to work autonomously. Formal verification techniques such as model checking have been successfully applied to assure the reliability and correctness of concurrent systems and real-time systems. However, manually constructing a formal model is always a non-trivial task. We develop a lightweight framework for sensor network systems which automatically extracts real-time models from nesC implementations and verifies them against goals using model checking techniques. We believe that our approach contributes to systematically improving the quality of sensor network systems, with little overhead or cost caused by applying verification techniques.
Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using Transmission Electron Microscopy (2015)

In this work, an investigation of soot-in-oil samples drawn from the oil sump of a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine was carried out. Soot particulate was characterised in terms of size, distribution and shape of the agglomerates, and internal structure of the primary particles. The test engine was a 1.6 l modern light-duty EURO IV engine operated at speed between 1600 and 3700 rev/min, and torque between 30 and 120 Nm. After a double oil-flushing procedure the engine was operated for 30 h. Oil samples were drawn from the sump and prepared for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and High resolution TEM analysis (HRTEM) by a combination of solvent extraction, centrifugation and diethyl ether bathing. Soot agglomerates were measured in terms of their skeleton length and width, and fractal dimension. The mean skeleton length and width were 153 nm and 59 nm respectively. The fractal dimension was calculated using an iterative method and the mean value was found to be 1.44. The primary particles were found to be spherical in shape with some irregularities and presented an average diameter of 36 nm with a mode of 32 nm and standard deviation of 13 nm. The majority of particles showed an inner core and outer shell similar to diesel soot, although an amorphous layer was also clearly visible.