gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Soft Switching Solid State Transformer based on Lyapunov Energy Function for Three-phase AC-AC Power Conversion (2021)

The operation and control for a three-phase to three phase grid-connected solid state soft switching transformer based on Lyapunov energy function has been presented in this paper. Soft switching solid state transformer has been reported in various literature for dc−ac, dc−dc and also ac − ac applications. The overall structure of the converter is based on current source inverter type of topology with an intermediate high frequency transformer, thereby making it immensely difficult to control and operate optimally. In this paper, possibility of controlling such a converter based on Lyapunov energy function has been explored for power transfer between two points in an ac power system without intermediate dc link. Lyapunov energy function based control architecture provides global stability and better tracking performance over traditional control architectures. The proposed control architecture is verified via computer simulations based on MATLAB/Simulink and PLECS domain and various case study results are obtained to verify its efficacy.
Introduction (1993)

Journal Article Introduction Get access Sydney M. Finegold, Sydney M. Finegold Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Medical Service, Wadsworth Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Los Angeles; and the R. M. Alden Research Laboratory, Santa Monica Hospital Medical Center, Santa Monica, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ellie J. C. Goldstein Ellie J. C. Goldstein Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Medical Service, Wadsworth Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Los Angeles; and the R. M. Alden Research Laboratory, Santa Monica Hospital Medical Center, Santa Monica, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 16, Issue Supplement_4, June 1993, Page S159, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/16.Supplement_4.S159 Published: 01 June 1993
Relationships between the Molecular Structure of Lignins and the Performance of the Negative Plates of Lead-Acid Batteries (2007)

Lignin-basis polymers obtained from plants have been used as additives for the negative plates of lead-acid batteries in order to improve the performance of the negative plates. Most of lignins for additives are made of by-products of pulping-processes. Since their molecular structure is complicatedly changed by high-energy treatment in pulping-processes, its detail remains unclear. Therefore, the effects on the molecular structure of lignins on the performance of the negative plates of batteries have hitherto been ambiguous. Then authors obtained lignophenols with controlled molecular structure from native lignins using the phase-separation system, and investigated the relationships between the molecular structure of lignins and the performance of batteries by adding lignophenols to negative plates. It was found that the discharge performance of the negative plates of batteries improved because the active materials of the negative plates got finer, leading to larger surface area. It was considered that dimethoxyphenol units contribute to the improvement of both the initial performance and the life performance of batteries. Then, it was found that there exists a suitable molecular weight oflignins for uses in batteries.
Comparative studies on scintillation properties of Eu-doped CaAl2O4, SrAl2O4, and BaAl2O4 crystals (2022)

Abstract Eu:CaAl 2 O 4 , Eu:SrAl 2 O 4 , and Eu:BaAl 2 O 4 crystals with various dopant concentration were synthesized by the optical floating zone method, and the photoluminescence, scintillation, and afterglow properties were investigated. Under X-ray irradiation, Eu:CaAl 2 O 4 Eu:SrAl 2 O 4 , and Eu:BaAl 2 O 4 exhibit a broad emission band at 440, 520, and 500 nm due to 5d-4f transitions of Eu 2+ , respectively. The decay time constants are consistent with the typical values of 5d-4f transitions of Eu 2+ . Photoluminescence quantum yield and scintillation light yield were evaluated, and each property was compared to comprehensively understand the characteristics.
A Staggered FEC System for Seamless Handoff in Wireless LANs: Implementation Experience and Experimental Study (2007)

We report the implementation experience and experimental evaluation of a staggered adaptive forward error correction (FEC) system for video multicast over wireless LANs. In the system, the parity packets generated by a cross-packet FEC code are transmitted at a time delay from the original video packets, i.e. staggercasting video stream and FEC stream in different multicast groups. The delay provides temporal diversity to improve the robustness of video multicast, especially to enable the clients to correct burst packet loss using FEC and to achieve seamless handoff. A wireless client dynamically joins the FEC multicast groups based upon its channel conditions and handoff events. We have implemented the system including the streaming server and client proxy. A novel software architecture is designed to integrate the FEC functionality in the clients without requirement for changing the existing video player software. We conduct extensive experiments to investigate the impact of FEC overhead and the delay between the video stream and FEC stream to the video quality under different interference levels and mobile handoff durations. The efficacy of staggered adaptive FEC system on improving video multicast quality is demonstrated in real system implementation.
Long-term effects of cannabinoids on development/behaviour. (2020)

Cannabis-derived products such as cannabidiol are now increasingly prescribed for different refractory childhood epilepsy syndromes. This raises the question about cognitive and behavioural safety of chronic use in young children. As there are no long-term data to answer this question, we can look for indirect evidence. In this short review, we focus on three lines of research: data obtained from the randomised controlled trials with cannabidiol, data on the consequences of prenatal cannabis exposure, and data on the effect of adolescent cannabis use. No hard conclusions can be drawn, mainly because of methodological problems (dosage of THC and other cannabis-derived products, duration of exposure, concordant addiction to other drugs, genetic factors, educational level, etc.), however, long-term data show a possible negative and lasting effect on cognitive and especially behavioural functions. Externalising behavioural problems and a decrease in IQ have been reported as a result of chronic cannabis use. Clearly, long-term studies using large childhood epilepsy cohorts are needed to confirm or refute these findings.
P53 Mdm2 Inhibitors (2012)

The protein-protein interaction (PPI) between p53 and its negative regulator MDM2 comprises one of the most important and intensely studied PPI's involved in preventing the initiation of cancer. The interaction between p53 and MDM2 is conformation-based and is tightly regulated on multiple levels. Due to the Angstrom level structural insight there is a reasonable understanding of the structural requirements needed for a molecule to bind to MDM2 and successfully inhibit the p53/MDM2 interaction. The current review summarizes the binding characteristics of the different disclosed small molecules for inhibition of MDM2 with a co-crystal structure. Synthetic access to these compounds as well as their derivatives are described in detail.
Transformation de mélanges de poudres de trioxyde d'uranium et de carbone (1998)

National audience
Suction vs. Pressure Forced Air Cooling-Part II (1966)

In present compact electronic equipment, efficient cooling is a prime design factor. Certain aspects of the current state of the art of cooling are subjected to continuing controversy. In an electronic equipment, cooled by forced air flow, fans may be placed at the air inlet location, at the air outlet, or at both locations. Depending on the location of fans, a different air flow pattern is generated within the equipment. One essential factor which determines cooling efficiency is the escape of air from the module circuit chamber to adjacent spaces in the equipment. The escaping air ceases to absorb heat from the electronic modules. Thus, cooling efficiency is closely linked to the containment of air, or air flow pattern, and hence, to the fan location. A logical and a mathematical analysis on the subject is here presented. Mathematical results are summarized. An appendix contains detailed mathematical derivations.
A substrate of the centisome 63 type III protein secretion system of Salmonella typhimurium is encoded by a cryptic bacteriophage (1998)

Salmonella enterica has evolved a type III protein secretion system that allows these enteropathogens to translocate effector molecules directly into the host cell cytoplasm. These effectors mediate a variety of responses, including cytoskeletal rearrangements, cytokine production, and in certain cells, the induction of apoptosis. We report here the characterization of a substrate of this secretion system in S. enterica serovar typhimurium (Salmonella typhimurium) that is homologous to the SopE protein of Salmonella dublin implicated in bacterial entry into cultured epithelial cells. The sopE locus is located within a cluster of genes that encode tail and tail fiber proteins of a cryptic P2-like prophage, outside of the centisome 63 pathogenicity island that encodes the invasion-associated type III secretion system. Southern hybridization analysis revealed that sopE is present in only a subset of S. enterica serovars and that the flanking bacteriophage genes are also highly polymorphic. Encoding effector proteins that are delivered through type III secretion systems in highly mobile genetic elements may allow pathogens to adapt rapidly by facilitating the assembly of an appropriate set of effector proteins required for successful replication in a new environment.
Integrated preclinical and clinical development of mTOR inhibitors in pancreatic cancer (2010)

Sirolimus activity in pancreatic cancer was marginal and not predicted by the selected biomarker.
Extended bis‐fused tetrathiafulvalenes incorporating a heteroaromatic π‐electron spacer (1996)

New π‐electron donors are being sought for the preparation of organic conductors. The first synthesis of bis‐fused π‐electron donors incorporating a heteroaromatic π‐electron spacer (see Figure) is reported. The electrochemical properties of 3a–c and 4a–c and the crystal structure of 3c are presented, the results for the TCNQ complexes 3a and 4a confirming that the fusion of two donor units is a suitable strategy for the development of highly conducting molecular complexes. magnified image
Light-Triggered Rheological Changes in a System of Cationic Wormlike Micelles Formulated with a Photoacid Generator (2020)

"Smart" fluids displaying large changes in their rheological properties in response to external stimuli have been of great interest in recent years. For example, "smart" wormlike micelles (WLMs) that respond to pH can be readily formulated by combining a cationic surfactant such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with an aromatic compound such as 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (DHB). Here, we show that a pH-responsive aqueous formulation as mentioned above can be simultaneously made responsive to ultraviolet (UV) light by incorporating a photoacid generator (PAG) into the system. A commercially available PAG, diphenyliodonium-2-carboxylate, is used here. Upon exposure to UV light, this PAG irreversibly photolyzes into iodobenzene (IB) and benzoic acid (BA), with the formation of BA, leading to a drop in pH. WLMs formed by mixtures of CTAB, DHB, and the PAG are systematically characterized before and after UV irradiation. As the PAG photolyzes, an increase in the viscosity of WLMs occurs by a factor of 1000. We show that the ratio of the zero-shear viscosity η<sub>0</sub> (after UV/before UV) depends on the initial pH of the sample. The UV-induced increase in η<sub>0</sub> can be attributed to the growth of WLMs in solution, which in turn is influenced by both the ionization state of DHB and the presence of IB and BA.
Laboratory investigation of outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 (1987)

A severe outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis occurred in London, Ontario, during the month of September 1985. A total of 55 residents and 18 employees of a nursing home developed diarrhea, and 17 residents (age range, 78 to 99 years) died. Specimens from 38 patients, 37 employees and contacts, and 10 autopsies were investigated for all enteric pathogens. Specimens were also planted on MacConkey-sorbitol agar. Fecal extracts were tested on Vero cells for cytotoxin (FVT). Escherichia coli isolates were serotyped and tested for verotoxin and beta-glucuronidase production. Of the 38 symptomatic patients, 26 were positive for FVT, verotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC), or both. Of the 105 specimens that were examined from these 38 patients, FVT and VTEC were both positive in 30 specimens, FVT only was positive in 13 specimens, and VTEC only was positive in 4 specimens. None of the 27 specimens from 10 autopsies was positive for FVT or VTEC. No other enteric pathogen was found in any of the cases. All asymptomatic individuals were negative for both FVT and VTEC. Of 19 VTEC strains that were isolated, 18 belonged to serotype O157:H7. These 18 strains and 2 more strains that were obtained from sporadic cases that had occurred within the 2 previous months were found to give similar biochemical reactions in a 36-test identification system. All isolates of serotype O157:H7 were beta-glucuronidase negative and susceptible to the antimicrobial agents that are used to treat E. coli infections. Testing for FVT and VTEC was found to be the most sensitive and specific technique for the laboratory diagnosis of this disease. Negative sorbitol, positive raffinose, and negative beta-glucuronidase tests appeared to be consistent markers for aiding in the detection of E. coli O157:H7.
Active network vision and reality (1999)

Although active networks have generated much debate in the research community, on the whole there has been little hard evidence to inform this debate. This paper aims to redress the situation by reporting what we have learned by designing, implementing and using the ANTS active network toolkit over the past two years. At this early stage, active networks remain an open research area. However, we believe that we have made substantial progress towards providing a more flexible network layer while at the same time addressing the performance and security concerns raised by the presence of mobile code in the network. In this paper, we argue our progress towards the original vision and the difficulties that we have not yet resolved in three areas that characterize a "pure" active network: the capsule model of programmability; the accessibility of that model to all users; and the applications that can be constructed in practice.
Crude oil supply security in China (2011)

Petroleum is an important resource.Crude oil supply security is highly significant for the national economic development.The situation of China's crude oil supply security is analyzed in detail with seven indicators.The analysis result shows that China's crude oil supply security situation is at risk.
Role of Electrostatic Interactions on Supramolecular Organization in Calf-Thymus DNA Solutions under Flow (2018)

Previous investigations were conducted on two concentrations of DNA solution: 4 mg/mL, for which it has been shown that no supramolecular organization is induced under flow at low shear rates; and 10 mg/mL, in which a liquid crystalline-type texture is formed under flow at low shear rates, attesting to an orientation of pre-organized chains. Rheological experiments are discussed and their results supported by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and flow birefringence visualization experiments. Scattering from polyelectrolytes has a characteristic signal, which is here observed in SAXS, showing a strong correlation peak between charged chains in water, for both concentrations. This peak is weaker in the presence of 0.01 M NaCl and suppressed in salt excess at 0.1 M NaCl. No plateau in the <i>σ</i>( γ ˙ ) plot was observed in analysis of rheological experiments on low DNA concentration (4 mg/mL). As typically observed in polyelectrolyte systems both the dynamic moduli and shear viscosity were higher in water as electrostatic forces dominate, than in the presence of salt, especially at low shear rates. The rheological results for concentrations of 0.01 M NaCl are lower than in water as expected due to partial screening of electrostatic repulsions. Rheological data for concentrations of 0.1 M NaCl are unexpected. Electrostatic forces are partially screened in the low salt concentration, leading to a drop in the rheological values. For high salt concentration there are no longer interchain repulsions and so steric interactions dominate within the entangled network leading to the subsequent increase in rheological parameters. Regardless of the solvent, at high shear rates the solutions are birefringent. In the 10 mg/mL case, under flow, textures are formed at relatively low shear rate before all the chains align going to a pseudonematic liquid crystalline phase at high shear rate. The electrostatic repulsion between semi-rigid chains induces a correlation between the chains leading to an electrostatic pseudo-gel in water and loosely in 0.01 M NaCl at low stress applied. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such behavior is observed. In 0.1 M NaCl, DNA behavior resembles the corresponding neutral polymer as expected for polyelectrolyte in salt excess, exhibiting a yield stress. When texture appears in water and in 0.01 M NaCl, a critical transition is observed in rheological curves, where the viscosity decreases sharply at a given critical shear stress corresponding to a plateau in the <i>σ</i>( γ ˙ ) plot also observed in creep transient experiment.
Feature based volume decomposition for automatic hexahedral mesh generation (2000)

Much progress has been made through these years to achieve automatic hexahedral mesh generation. While general meshing algorithms that can take on general geometry are not there yet; many well-proven automatic meshing algorithms now work on certain classes of geometry. This paper presents a feature based volume decomposition approach for automatic Hexahedral Mesh generation. In this approach, feature recognition techniques are introduced to determine decomposition features from a CAD model. The features are then decomposed and mapped with appropriate automatic meshing algorithms suitable for the correspondent geometry. Thus a formerly unmeshable CAD model may become meshable. The procedure of feature decomposition is recursive: sub-models are further decomposed until either they are matched with appropriate meshing algorithms or no more decomposition features are detected. The feature recognition methods employed are convexity based and use topology and geometry information, which is generally available in BREP solid models. The operations of volume decomposition are also detailed in the paper. The final section, the capability of the feature decomposer is demonstrated over some complicated manufactured parts.
Heteroleptic Metallosupramolecular Complexes of Bodipy Dyes as Energy Transfer Cassettes (2012)

Bodipy dyes with integral phenanthroline and terpyridine units heteroleptically assemble in the presence of zinc(II) ions to form energy transfer cassettes. These discrete complexes exhibit an approach to modularly designed efficient energy transfer and light harvesting systems through metal ion coordination.
On the optimality and performance of transmit and receive space diversity in MIMO channels (2001)

The issue of channel state information at the transmitter is investigated using MIMO channel measurements and by deriving expressions for ergodic and outage capacity in a Rayleigh fading channel. Expressions for bit error rates in Rayleigh fading channels are also presented for orthogonal space time block codes and for beamforming where the bit error rates in the beamforming case follow from the distribution of the largest eigenvalue to Wishart matrices. We demonstrate by measurements that Rayleigh fading is a valid assumption in non line-of-sight channels, although a Nakagami-m distribution showed to be a more appropriate distribution model in both line-of-sight and NLOS environments. It was also demonstrated that channel state information at the transmitter is less useful in high SNR scenarios but is more useful in line-of-sight channels compared to non line-of-sight environments. (6 pages)
Multiple Intermolecular Exciplexes in Highly Polar Solvents (2017)

Exciplexes of 2,6,9,10-tetracyanoanthracene (TCA) with alkylbenzenes were investigated in solvents ranging from cyclohexane to acetonitrile. Plots of the reduced emission maxima or the average emission frequency (hν<sub>av</sub>) versus redox potential differences (E<sub>redox</sub>) were linear with a slope of ∼1 in all solvents, which is consistent with the highly ionic character of the exciplexes. The exciplex spectra were analyzed in terms of the energy gap between the exciplex minimum and the AD pair (ΔG), the energy difference between ΔG and E<sub>redox</sub> (δ<sub>Ex</sub>), and the total reorganization energy (Σλ). A plot of (E<sub>redox</sub> - hν<sub>av</sub>), equivalent to (Σλ - δ<sub>Ex</sub>), versus a solvent polarity function showed a linear dependency for the low-to-moderate polarity solvents, whereas highly polar solvents deviated significantly. δ<sub>Ex</sub> showed a smooth linear dependency for all solvents. Thus, the deviation of the polar solvents is due to a larger-than-expected Σλ. Additionally, the full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of the emission spectra in polar solvents deviates significantly from the extrapolated trend in less-polar solvents. The deviations of Σλ and fwhm in highly polar solvents can plausibly be explained by composite emissions from two exciplex structures, with the donor overlapping with the inner or outer ring of TCA.
Phase Segregation in Silicon Carbide−Carbon Solid Solutions from XRD and NMR Studies (2002)

SiC-C solid solution powders have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR). The XRD data reveal a previously unreported phase separation of the as-synthesized material into two cubic silicon carbide phases characterized by slightly different lattice parameters [4.35287(9) and 4.35841(6) Å]. The 29Si MAS NMR spectra of the powders after different heat treatments (annealing in a vacuum and high-pressure sintering) show that the small excess of carbon (&lt; 1 at %) in the β-SiC crystal structure has a large influence on the 29Si chemical shift resulting in a displacement of the 29Si MAS NMR peak from -18.5 ppm to lower field. At least five nonequivalent silicon sites have been detected in Si1-x-C1+x: the solid solution formed by high-pressure sintering (4 GPa, 1800 °C) of the as-synthesized SiC-C powder. These sites are assigned to point (carbon antisite) defects in the cubic silicon carbide structure.
Data extraction from electric vehicles through OBD and application of carbon footprint evaluation (2016)

While the data extraction through the On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) port for internal combustion engine vehicles follows an industry standard, electric vehicles are not constrained by such a standard. In this paper, we demonstrate how to extract data from the OBD port of electric vehicles. We discuss the general techniques, and apply specifically to Nissan Leaf and Chevrolet Volt. We continue to present an application of carbon footprint evaluation by analyzing the data extracted from the OBD port to obtain parameters of interest. Furthermore, the methodology that can be used in various ways to evaluate the carbon footprint of electric vehicles by building synthetic driving cycles is presented.