gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of organoboranes with 2-bromoacrolein. A facile one-stage synthesis of .alpha.-bromo aldehydes (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of organoboranes with 2-bromoacrolein. A facile one-stage synthesis of .alpha.-bromo aldehydesHerbert C. Brown, George W. Kabalka, Michael W. Rathke, and Milorad M. RogicCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 15, 4165–4166Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01017a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01017a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cholesterol Forges Link Between Obesity and Breast Cancer (2013)

A metabolite of cholesterol may spur the development of breast cancer, according to two new studies.
Coastal Engineering Laboratory and Field Measurements: Some Uncertainties in Measurement (1996)

In this paper two examples of uncertainties which can occur in field measurements and measurements in coastal engineering models are examined. These examples are chosen to demonstrate how measurements frequently made of waves both in nature and in the laboratory may be in error unless attention is given to the basic fluid mechanics of the problem. The first deals with the measurement of the water-surface time history near the shoreline using bottom sited pressure transducers. The errors which can occur unless the proper algorithms are used are discussed. The second example is a wave measurement problem which occurs relatively often in laboratory models of harbors. This relates to the Interpretation of the laboratory results for long waves from periodic and spectral wave testing when there is wave reflection in the model.
Advances in Single-Diameter Well Technology: The Next Step to Cost-Effective Optimization (2004)

Abstract From inception, solid expandable tubular technology has been touted as a game-changing technology. The logical end result of the technology, a single-diameter well, consists of a casing string with the same diameter at the top of the well as at total depth (TD). However, many drilling operators were reluctant to embrace even the basic solid expandable tubular concept without any track record, coupled with what they saw as the inherent risks. Now, after five years of commercial installations, solid expandable tubular technology has proven to be a viable and economically feasible alternative to conventional drilling technology. In the majority of these installations, solid expandable tubulars have been deployed as a contingency to save a well when conventional technology failed. While this type of application is appropriate, operators do not reap the full advantage of all the benefits solid expandable tubular technology offers when integrated as part of the well plan. A crucial step in the acceptance of expandable tubulars as a viable well construction method is to plan the system into the initial well design. In order for the tubulars to be planned into the original well design, operators must understand the compelling economic business cases for the application as well as accept the level of risk. The proven track record has helped mitigate the risk level for many operators, who are now focusing on the value proposition this technology provides. Operators must be comfortable with solid expandable technology in order to make the necessary leap of faith to the single-diameter well. This paper will present the progress of monobore technology up to the present. It will discuss the stages achieved and those that still must be overcome to make this technology feasible. The paper will demonstrate that with solid expandable tubular and monobore technology, operators in general and deepwater operators in particular, will be able to maximize reservoir potential and lower drilling costs when using this value-added technology.
Modulation of PAI-1 and tPA Activity and Thrombolytic Effects of Corilagin (2003)

In this study, Charlton's and Tomihisa's methods were modified to investigate the thrombolytic effect of corilagin from the Chinese herbal plant Phyllanthus urinaria L., as well as its effect on carotid artery patency status. The activity of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in rat plasma or platelet-released substances and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in rat plasma was assayed by use of a chromogenic substrate. The results showed that corilagin had a dose-dependent thrombolytic effect in rats. 5 mg/kg of corilagin produced a nearly similar reperfusion rate to that of 20000 U/kg of urokinase, whereas it produced a lower reocclusion rate than urokinase. Corilagin significantly inhibited PAI-1 activity in rat plasma or platelet-released substances while it elevated plasma tPA activity, in a concentration-dependent manner. Corilagin, however, had no influence on rabbit platelet aggregation. It is indicated that corilagin inhibited PAI-1 activity and increased tPA activity, and this property of corilagin is assumed to be responsible for the thrombolytic effect. Abbreviations. PO:persistent occlusion CR:cyclic reflow PP:persistent patency PAI-1:type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor tPA:tissue-type plasminogen activator PBS:phosphate buffer solution IC (50):50 % of inhibitory concentration PRP:platelet-rich plasma ADP:adenosine diphosphate AA:arachidonic acid PAF:platelet-activating factor
Development of Novel Multifunctional Cosmetic Raw Materials and Their Applications. IV. The Effect of Structure of Polyoxyethylene / Polyoxypropylene Derivative on the Self-organizing Structures of Surfactants (2009)

In this study, the effect of a random copolymer of polyoxyethylene (POE, 38 mol)/polyoxypropylene (POP, 10 mol) pentaerythrytol tetramethyl ether [PEPTME (38/10)], which is unable to form a self-organizing structure on account of its bulkiness, on the microemulsion phase was examined. The phase diagram of the liquid paraffin - nonionic surfactant+PEPTME (38/10) - water system was compared with that of polyoxyethylene (POE)/polyoxypropylene (POP) dimethyl ether (EPDME) system which has a straight-chain structure. In the previous study, the authors reported that a special droplet type microemulsion (highly concentrated microemulsion) was formed, when EPDME was distributed in the hydrophilic moiety of a surfactant in a lamellar liquid crystalline phase. In contrast, it was found that the use of PEPTME (38/10) resulted in disappearance of lamellar as well as hexagonal and cubic liquid crystals, and the formation of an optically isotropic and fluid phase owing to the relationship between the original microemulsion phase and the highly concentrated microemulsion phase. Thus, PEPTME (38/10) was considered to be most suited for preparing highly concentrated microemulsions.
Changes in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Ceramide Profile After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2012)

Ceramide profile changes occur in subarachnoid hemorrhage. In this small case-based series elevation of levels of this sphingolipid, particularly C(18:0), was associated with the occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm and poor neurological outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Mechanisms in Plant Development (2025)

Since its inception in 1988, this conference has been at the forefront of plant development research, focusing on the processes governing plant growth and form. For its 17th edition, this conference provides a platform for diverse experts in plant developmental biology to interact, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and the cross-pollination of ideas.
A new generation of power unipolar devices: the concept of the FLoating islands MOS transistor (FLIMOST) (2002)

In this paper, a new vertical DMOS Transistor is proposed, in which floating islands are placed in the drift region. This new structure, called "FLIMOST", exhibits improved on-state performance when compared to the conventional VDMOST. For instance, for a breakdown voltage of 900 Volts, the performance is strongly improved in term of specific on-resistance (reduction of about 70% relative to the conventional structure and 40% relative to the silicon limit). Moreover the specific on-resistance theoretical limits of FLIMOST family are determined and compared to those of the "Superjunction" MOS Transistor family: this comparison shows the strong interest of the FLIMOSFET in the 200 V-1000 V breakdown voltage range.
The use of personalized medicine for patient selection for renal transplantation: Physicians' views on the clinical and ethical implications (2010)

The participants see the benefits of including the calculation of the global immunological risk within transplantation. Such data, being more precise and rigorous, could be of help in their clinical work. However, in spite of the use of such scientific data, a place must be retained for the clinical judgment that allows a physician to make decisions based on medical data, professional expertise and knowledge of the patient. To act in the best interests of the patient is key to whether the calculation of the global immunological risk is employed.
Knots in Trees: A Rich Source of Bioactive Polyphenols (2007)

Knots in trees, i.e. the branch bases inside stems, contain extraordinary high amounts of polyphenols, which are potent natural antioxidants and biocides. Studies of more than 50 tree species have shown that knots, in most of the studied species, contain remarkably higher amounts of polyphenols than the adjacent stemwood, for many species 20-100 times higher. Knots of softwood species typically contain 5-15% (w/w) of polyphenols, with lignans as the dominating group. Pine species contain a high percentage of stilbenes in their knots, while flavonoids are abundant in knots of certain hardwood species. Spruce knots from Northern Finland contain on average about 10% of lignans. The dominating spruce lignan 7-hydroxymatairesinol (HMR) is a strong antioxidant and has moreover been found to inhibit growth of certain tumors. Production of HMR and marketing it as dietary supplement in the USA has recently been started. In a large pulp mill using Norway spruce wood it is possible to sort out knots and extract up to 100 tons of HMR per year.
Analysis of Fluorescently Labeled Sugars by Reversed-Phase Ion-Pairing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1995)

Reducing sugars, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and a trisaccharide, are derivatized by reductive amination with 7-amino-1,3-naphthalene disulfonic acid. Reversed-phase ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography is then used to separate these visibly fluorescent, charged conjugates. Isocratic elution with triethylamine-acetic acid from a phenyl column, a C18 column, and C18 and phenyl columns in series gives good separations of a mixture of monosaccharides and a mixture of disaccharides and trisaccharides. Resolution of certain monosaccharides is enhanced by replacing triethylamine with a chiral amine and using gradient elution. Further enhancement of resolution is achieved by adding phenylboronic acid, an agent capable of complexing with the vicinal diol functionality present in many sugars. The trimethylamine-acetic acid eluant permits detection by either ultraviolet absorbance or fluorescence, and the addition of a chiral ion-pairing agent or a phenylboronic acid complexing agent necessitates fluorescence detection. A reversible Schiff base form of the fluorescent sugar conjugate is prepared; it is sufficiently stable to perform fractionations but sufficiently unstable to be converted to a fluorescent label and reducing sugar.
Cost of 1-year left ventricular assist device destination therapy in chronic heart failure: a comparison with heart transplantation (2014)

Direct transplantation without bridging is the most cost-efficient treatment. The cost per patient per year for DT is similar to HTX considering its bridging activity.
Rapid Prediction of Solvation Free Energy. 1. An Extensive Test of Linear Interaction Energy (LIE) (2010)

The present study provides a comprehensive systematic analysis on the applicability of the linear interaction energy (LIE) approximation to the prediction of gas-to-water transfer (hydration) free energy. The study is based on molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent for an extensive and diverse hydration data set comprising 564 neutral compounds with measured hydration free energies, including a "traditional" data set and the more challenging drug-like SAMPL1 data set. A highly correlative LIE model was achieved without empirical scaling of the solute-solvent interaction energy terms along with a cavity term calibrated to the experiment. This model was particularly accurate for the "traditional" data set and of acceptable accuracy for the SAMPL1 data set, with mean-unsigned-errors below 1 kcal/mol and slightly above 2 kcal/mol, respectively. We have analyzed the sensitivity of the LIE model to several parameters such as continuum correction terms applied outside the explicit water shell, the impact of various charging methods, the applicability of single-conformer representation of the solute, and the inclusion of internal energy terms. The parameters with the greatest sensitivity are the charging methods used, with AM1BCC-SP (without AM1 geometry optimization) charges favored over AM1BCC-OPT and RESP charges. The inclusion of the change in intramolecular van der Waals and electrostatic energies between the solution and gas phases can also lead to improved prediction accuracies. Functional group based error analysis identified several chemical classes as minor outliers with systematic errors. A direct comparison of the LIE and free energy perturbation (FEP) approaches using the same force field and charging method shows that the LIE approximation is at least as accurate as the FEP approach with a reduction of computing time by at least 1 order of magnitude.
Electrolytic polarisation—I. The overpotential of hydrogen on some less common metals at high current densities. Influence of current density and time (1947)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Crystal structure of a p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene – N-methyl-morpholine complex (2009)

Abstract p - tert -Butyl-calix[8]arene crystallizes with six molecules of N -methyl-morpholine in a triclinic lattice, space group P 1 with a = 12.142(3) Å, b = 16.596(4) Å, c = 17.211(2) Å, α = 83.72(2)°, β = 80.66(2)°, γ = 69.55(2)°, Z = 1. The formation of hydrogen bonds with two molecules of N -methyl-morpholine, induces the calix[8]arene skeleton to adopt a chair-like conformation in which two 3/4-cone moieties are oriented above and below the mean molecular plane, respectively. The other four solvent molecules per unit cell simply fill the interstitial voids in a “like-tubular” solid state assembly built by p - tert -butylcalix[8]arene molecules piled along the a -axis direction.
A Linear Polarization Diplexer at 34 GHz (1969)

First Page
Distinct platelet packaging, release, and surface expression of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors on different platelet stimuli (2011)

The present study characterized platelet secretion and surface expression of proangiogenic stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and antiangiogenic PF4 and endostatin on activation. The angiogenic factors presented in randomly distributed granules in resting platelets, which were peripherized on activation. Confocal and immunogold electron microscopy demonstrated that SDF-1α/CXCL12 and PF4/CXCL4 mostly present in different granules. Platelet activation induced marked SDF-1α and endostatin but mild PF4 or no VEGF surface expression. PAR1-activating peptide (PAR1-AP), adenosine diphosphate (via P2Y1/P2Y12), and glycoprotein VI-targeting collagen-related peptide induced massive SDF-1α and VEGF but modest PF4 or no endostatin release. In contrast, PAR4-AP triggered marked PF4 and sole endostatin release but limited SDF-1α or VEGF secretion. Distinct platelet release of SDF-1α and endostatin involved different engagements of intracellular signaling pathways. In conclusion, different platelet stimuli evoke distinct secretion and surface expression of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. PAR1, adenosine diphosphate, and glycoprotein VI stimulation favors proangiogenic, whereas PAR4 promotes antiangiogenic, factor release.
Mapping between ASN.1 and XML (2002)

Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) is a framework for representing tree structured data. Since ASN.1 data are structured data, it should be possible to represent the same information in Extensible Markup Language (XML). The translation between ASN.1 and XML will enable us to manipulate efficient ASN.1 data in a user-friendly manner. We develop a Java library for such translation, called ASN.1/XML translator. We also confirm actual ASN.1 data were translated into expected XML documents and these documents were translated back into the original data if the data were encoded according to Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER). Moreover we discuss still existing issues and try to address them, especially support of XML Schema.
Reservoir Characterization by Seismic Classification Maps (1990)

Abstract In a recent paper we introduced the seismic classifier concept. We have demonstrated how classifiers can help us to identify particular facets of the subsurface "architecture" and how they combine the structural interpretation and the 3D seismic data in a very compact way. Through classifiers like reflection intensity, acoustic impedance contrast and reflection hetereogenity indicator the interpreter can in a quantitative sense discriminate between properties relevant for his particular problem. We will extend our classifier-family further and point out how the "resolution" in our data-set effect the construction of these new classifier maps. Interpretations based on classifier-maps require new functionality in the application software. Based on examples from case studies we will identify these requirements and apply them. Of particular relevance is when the projections of the geological model onto the classifier map can be revealed. Then these maps can indicate the paleogeographical scene. Finally we will present some results from our efforts in compressing even more information into the classifier display. Among these are some 3D graphics displays where the classifier variations are distributed along a topographical surface. The objective here is to improve the interpreter's ability to comprehend the vast information volume he is dealing with, through meaningful graphics.
Functional Characterization of Human Thyroid Tissue with Immunohistochemistry (2007)

Immunohistochemistry provides insights in the expression of functional proteins and of their localization in normal thyroid tissue and in thyroid diseases. In hyperfunctional thyroid tissues, staining for sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), pendrin, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and thyroglobulin (Tg) is increased. In hypofunctioning thyroid tissues, NIS staining is markedly decreased; in benign hypofunctioning adenomas, the expression of the other functional proteins is unmodified or slightly decreased, whereas their expression is profoundly decreased or absent in differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
Inclusion of Manageability Sections in Path Computation Element (PCE) Working Group Drafts (2011)

It has often been the case that manageability considerations have been
retrofitted to protocols. This is sub-optimal. Similarly, new
protocols or protocol extensions are frequently designed without due
consideration of manageability requirements. This document specifies
the requirement for all new Internet-Drafts in the PCE Working Group
to include a Manageability Considerations section, and gives
guidance on what that section should contain.
Modular multiplication method (1998)

The Montgomery algorithm has been widely used in modern cryptography because it is effective for modular exponentiation. However, it is not efficient when used for just a few modular multiplications. Inefficiency is due to the large overhead involved in the residue transformation of arguments. A new modular multiplication method using the Montgomery reduction algorithm is presented which can eliminate the demerit of the Montgomery algorithm in the case of just a few modular multiplications.
Decomposition of straight chain hydrocarbon volatile organic compounds with gliding arc discharge (2008)

n-butane(n-C4H10) and n-hexane(n-C6H14) were chosen as the target volatile organic compounds(VOCs) to investigate the influences of supply voltage and background atmosphere on the decomposition rate and by-products of the straight chain hydrocarbon VOCs decomposition with gliding arc discharge,and the mechanism was also studied.Results show that the increase of supply voltage can improve the decomposition efficiency by increasing the energetic electrons density;the main decomposition by-products in the nitrogen atmosphere are C1~C4 hydrocarbons such as CH4 and C2H2,in contrast,CO,CO2,H2O and NO2 are the predominant decomposition products when the air is chosen as the carrier gas;radical mechanism plays a key role in the decomposition process,and the increase of background oxygen concentration promotes the decompositions of both n-butane and n-hexane;increasing the oxygen concentration can advance the formation of CO2,CO and NO2 and promote the conversion of CO to CO2.
Phantom for assessment of fat suppression in large field-of-view diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (2014)

We present the development and application of a phantom for assessment and optimization of fat suppression over a large field-of-view in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T and 3 T. A Perspex cylinder (inner diameter 185 mm, height 300 mm) which contains a second cylinder (inner diameter 140 mm) was constructed. The inner cylinder was filled with water doped with copper sulphate and sodium chloride and the annulus was filled with corn oil, which closely matches the spectrum and longitudinal relaxation times of subcutaneous abdominal fat. Placement of the phantom on the couch at 45° to the z-axis presented an elliptical cross-section, which was of a similar size and shape to axial abdominal images. The use of a phantom for optimization of fat suppression allowed quantitative comparison between studies without the differences introduced by variability between human subjects. We have demonstrated that the phantom is suitable for selection of inversion delay times, spectral adiabatic inversion recovery delays and assessment of combinatorial methods of fat suppression. The phantom is valuable in protocol development and the assessment of new techniques, particularly in multi-centre trials.
Considerations in the design of three phase compact transmission lines (2002)

Recent concerns of the public about possible health effects of magnetic fields has resulted in an increased emphasis on the use of compact transmission lines as a means of managing (i.e. reducing) magnetic fields. This paper examines how one utility, Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation, investigated 115 kV compact transmission configurations and used a full scale prototype to determine the impact of the proposed design on work practices.