gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Investigation of Bedrock Heterogeneity/Unconformities at a DNAPL ‐Impacted Site (2017)

Organic solvent (i.e., dense nonaqueous phase liquid, DNAPL) migration in the subsurface is known to be extremely sensitive to geologic heterogeneity. There is often a focus on heterogeneity that results from changing depositional conditions over short spatial scales. Similar or even more extreme spatial heterogeneity can result postdeposition due to erosional processes. This study applies a synergistic approach based on a combination of high-resolution lithologic logs of continuous cores, borehole geophysical logs, surface electrical resistivity, and seismic refraction tomography models to assess spatial heterogeneity in a shallow bedrock sequence subject to multiple unconformities and contaminated with a mixture of organic chemicals. The persistence of DNAPL in the source zone and an associated dissolved-phase plume led to variable impacts on formation resistivity across the study site. Seismic refraction in combination with electrical resistivity tomography improved interpretation of highly irregular erosional boundaries by delineating sharp lateral transitions in lithologic composition near the source zone and across the dissolved-phase plume. Electrical resistivity was effective at differentiating between clean and mud-rich sandstones and their unconformable contact with an underlying dolostone. Geophysical measurements revealed eroded dolostone mounds encased by a network of younger mud-rich sandstones channelized by clean semi-lithified sand, all of which was buried beneath variable glacial drift. Our synergistic multidimensional approach resulted in the development of a detailed three-dimensional shallow bedrock geospatial model, which has led to an improved understanding of DNAPL migration and contaminant plume heterogeneity.
Mutational Analysis of the tra Locus of the Broad-Host-Range Streptomyces Plasmid pIJ101 (2000)

The tra gene of Streptomyces lividans plasmid pIJ101 encodes a 621-amino-acid protein that can mediate both plasmid transfer and the interbacterial transfer of chromosomal genes (i.e., chromosome-mobilizing ability [Cma]) during mating. Here we report the results of in-frame insertional mutagenesis studies aimed at defining regions of Tra required for these functions. While hexameric linker insertions throughout the tra gene affected plasmid and chromosomal gene transfer, insertions in a 200-amino-acid region of the Tra protein that contains presumed nucleotide-binding motifs and that is widely conserved among a functionally diverse family of bacterial and plasmid proteins (K. J. Begg, S. J. Dewar, and W. D. Donachie, J. Bacteriol. 177:6211-6222, 1995) had especially prominent effects on both functions. Insertions near the N terminus of Tra reduced Cma for either circular or linear host chromosomes to a much greater extent than pIJ101 plasmid transfer. Our results suggest that Cma involves Tra functions incremental to those needed for plasmid DNA transfer.
Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis With Feature Enhanced Attention CNN-BiLSTM (2019)

Previous work has recognized the importance of using the attention mechanism to obtain the interaction between aspect words and contexts for sentiment analysis. However, for the most attention mechanisms, it is unrigorous to use the average vector of the aspect words to calculate the context attention. Besides, the feature extraction ability of the model is also essential for effective analysis, the combination of CNN and LSTM can enhance the feature extraction ability and semantic expression ability of the model, which is also a popular research trend. This paper introduces an aspect level neural network for sentiment analysis named Feature Enhanced Attention CNN-BiLSTM (FEA-NN). Our method is to extract a higher-level phrase representation sequence from the embedding layer by using CNN, which provides effective support for subsequent coding tasks. In order to improve the quality of context encoding and preserve semantic information, we use BiLSTM to capture both local features of phrases as well as global and temporal sentence semantics. Besides, we add an attention mechanism to model interaction relationships between aspect words and sentences to focus on those keywords of targets to learn more effective context representation. We evaluate the proposed model on three datasets: Restaurant, Laptop, and Twitter. Extensive experiments show that the effectivess of FEA-NN.
Carbamazepine and Lithium Carbonate Synergism in Mania (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Moss and James<sup>1</sup>presented an interesting case of an acute but unsustained antimanic response to the combination of carbamazepine and lithium carbonate. Several points raised in their letter deserve comment and further discussion. There are many potential reasons for the lack of a continued response to carbamazepine in combination with lithium carbonate in their case. One is dosage. The 800-mg/day dosage they employed was slightly below the average dosage in our series, with many patients being able to tolerate a higher dosage without evidence of side effects and achieving more impressive clinical responses.<sup>2,3</sup>The authors noted that increases in dosage were postponed because of a trend indicating slight suppression of bone marrow activity. Mild to moderate decreases in WBC count are evident in the majority of patients treated with carbamazepine; this appears to be, in part, dose related but is not thought to be related
Presence of antibodies against a cell-surface protein, cross-reactive with DNA, in systemic lupus erythematosus: a marker of the disease. (1987)

Antibodies against a cell-surface protein, cross-reactive with double-stranded DNA, were detected in the serum of 25 patients with active human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), defined on the basis of the revised American Rheumatism Association classification. Among these sera, two did not display anti-DNA antibodies, as shown by Farr assay, solid-phase radioimmunoassay, and Crithidia luciliae test. Five other SLE patients were consecutively studied in active and remission states. Antibodies against the protein were detected in the serum of the 5 SLE patients when they were in active phase but not in the serum of the same patients in inactive phase of the disease. The anti-protein antibodies were not found in the serum of 10 inactive SLE patients or in the sera of 10 normal human controls, 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 5 patients with scleroderma, and 4 patients with primary sicca syndrome. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that antibodies against this cell-surface protein could provide a better diagnosis marker and activity index than anti-DNA antibodies in SLE.
Fabrication and Characteristics of GaN-Based Microcavity Light-Emitting Diodes with High Reflectivity AlN/GaN Distributed Bragg Reflectors (2006)

In this paper, we report a GaN-based microcavity light-emitting diode (MCLED) which is composed of 25 pairs of high-reflectivity GaN/AlN distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and 6 pairs of ex-situ deposited SiO2/TiO2 dielectric mirrors. The electroluminescence peak of this structure matched well with the high reflectance area of the top and bottom DBRs, and shows a narrow emission of approximately 6.7 nm. The fabricated device also shows a more excellent performance on the stability of the emission peak wavelength while varying injection current density and operating temperature than a regular LED.
Integrating users' needs into multimedia information retrieval system (2007)

3 rd International Conference on Computer Science, ATINER 2007
High-efficiency operation of phase-adjusted DFB laser by asymmetric structure (1986)

Differential efficiency has been increased by 50% in a phase-adjusted DFB laser by the introduction of an asymmetric structure. The problem of mode degeneracy in DFB lasers has been resolved without penalty on efficiency and output power.
Nonconservative dynamics of optically trapped high-aspect-ratio nanowires (2016)

We investigate the dynamics of high-aspect-ratio nanowires trapped axially in a single gradient force optical tweezers. A power spectrum analysis of the dynamics reveals a broad spectral resonance of the order of kHz with peak properties that are strongly dependent on the input trapping power. A dynamical model incorporating linear restoring optical forces, a nonconservative asymmetric coupling between translational and rotational degrees of freedom, viscous drag, and white noise provides an excellent fit to experimental observations. A persistent low-frequency cyclical motion around the equilibrium trapping position, with a frequency distinct from the spectral resonance, is observed from the time series data.
Palladium-catalyzed reductive coupling of aromatic acid chlorides with disilanes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed reductive coupling of aromatic acid chlorides with disilanesTerry E. Krafft, Jonathan D. Rich, and Philip J. McDermottCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 20, 5430–5432Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00307a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00307a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1028Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Designing Efficient Imprecise Adders using Multi-bit Approximate Building Blocks (2018)

Energy-efficiency has become a major concern in designing computer systems. One of the most promising solutions to enhance power and energy-efficiency in error tolerant applications is approximate computing that balances accuracy, area, delay, and power consumption based on the computational needs. By trading accuracy of computation, approximate computing may achieve significant improvements in speed, power, and area consumption.
Selective Retention of Viable Cells in Ultrasonic Resonance Field Devices (1996)

A double-chamber ultrasonic resonance field device was used for the separation and retention of animal cells. By controlling operational parameters such as flow and power input, the device can retain viable cells more efficiently, allowing for selective removal of nonviable cells and cell debris. A simple model describing the forces acting on spherical particles in a sound field (primary radiation force, Bernoulli force, secondary radiation force) is presented. Field stability increases with decreasing average flow rates and increasing power input. At very high field stability, as achieved with low flow rates and high power input, the selectivity for viable cells is reduced, due to the efficient retention of all types of particles. At high flow rates and resulting low field stability, selectivity is also reduced, due to poor separation efficiency, resulting in equally low retention of viable cells, nonviable cells, and cell debris.
Mechanical Properties of Polymers: The Influence of Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution (1972)

Abstract The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of a polymer can markedly affect its mechanical properties. While this has been recognized for a long time, quantitative studies have been relatively difficult to perform for a number of reasons. A major problem has been the characterization of the complete molecular weight distribution curve by fractionation methods because fraction collection and the determination of the various molecular weight averages of polymers is time consuming. Additionally, measurement of the number-average molecular weight, [Mbar]n, by classical osmometry procedure is often unreliable.
Vector-Quantized Zero-Delay Deep Autoencoders for the Compression of Electrical Stimulation Patterns of Cochlear Implants using STOI (2022)

Cochlear implants (CIs) are battery-powered, surgically implanted hearing-aids capable of restoring a sense of hearing in people suffering from moderate to profound hearing loss. Wireless transmission of audio from or to signal processors of cochlear implants can be used to improve speech understanding and localization of CI users. Data compression algorithms can be used to conserve battery power in this wireless transmission. However, very low latency is a strict requirement, limiting severly the available source coding algorithms. Previously, instead of coding the audio, coding of the electrical stimulation patterns of CIs was proposed to optimize the trade-off between bit-rate, latency and quality. In this work, a zero-delay deep autoencoder (DAE) for the coding of the electrical stimulation patters of CIs is proposed. Combining for the first time bayesian optimization with numerical approximated gradients of a nondifferential speech intelligibility measure for CIs, the short-time intelligibility measure (STOI), an optimized DAE architecture was found and trained that achieved equal or superior speech understanding at zero delay, outperforming well-known audio codecs. The DAE achieved reference vocoder STOI scores at 13.5 kbit/s compared to 33.6 kbit/s for Opus and 24.5 kbit/s for AMR-WB.
Footprints of Nanoscale DNA–Silver Cluster Chromophores via Activated-Electron Photodetachment Mass Spectrometry (2019)

DNA-templated silver clusters (AgC) are fluorescent probes and biosensors whose electronic spectra can be tuned by their DNA hosts. However, the underlying rules that relate DNA sequence and structure to DNA-AgC fluorescence and photophysics are largely empirical. Here, we employ 193 nm activated electron photodetachment (a-EPD) mass spectrometry as a hybrid MS<sup>3</sup> approach to gain structural insight into these nanoscale chromophores. Two DNA-AgC systems are investigated with a 20 nt single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and a 28 nt hybrid hairpin/single-stranded DNA (hpDNA). Both oligonucleotides template Ag<sub>10</sub> clusters, but the two complexes are distinct chromophores: the former has a violet absorption at 400 nm with no observable emission, while the latter has a blue-green absorption at 490 nm with strong green emission at 550 nm. <i>Via</i> identification of both apo and holo (AgC-containing) sequence ions generated upon a-EPD and mapping areas of sequence dropout, specific DNA regions that encapsulate the AgC are assigned and attributed to the coordination with the DNA nucleobases. These a-EPD footprints are distinct for the two complexes. The ssDNA contacts the cluster <i>via</i> four nucleobases (CCTT) in the central region of the strand, whereas the hpDNA coordinates the cluster <i>via</i> 13 nucleobases (TTCCCGCCTTTTG) in the double-stranded region of the hairpin. This difference is consistent with prior X-ray scattering spectra and suggests that the clusters can adapt to different DNA hosts. More importantly, the a-EPD footprints directly identify the nucleobases that are in direct contact with the AgC. As these contacting nucleobases can tune the electronic structures of the Ag core and protect the AgC from collisional quenching in solution, understanding the DNA-silver contacts within these complexes will facilitate future biosensor designs.
Studies on Antitumor Substances. X. Reactions of Thiosulfonates with Some Nucleophilic Compounds (1969)

Reactivities of mono and difunctional thiosulfonates toward several nucleophilic compounds, such as thiols, amines and the related compounds, were examined. In the result, some chemical behaviors unexpected were found in addition to the reactivity anticipated. Namely, in the reaction with piperazine, aralkyl thiosulfonate afforded aralkyltrisulfide in about 20% yield, without any formation of sulfenamide. Moreover, aromatic thiosulfonate gave a comparable good yield of 1-phenyl-2-arylsulfonylhydrazine in the reaction with phenylhydrazine, in addition to the formation of phenylhydrazinium salt of aromatic sulfinic acid.
How to design an opioid drug that causes reduced tolerance and dependence (2010)

Mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists such as morphine are extremely effective treatments for acute pain. In the setting of chronic pain, however, their long-term utility is limited by the development of tolerance and physical dependence. Drug companies have tried to overcome these problems by simply "dialing up" signal transduction at the receptor, designing more potent and efficacious agonists and more long-lasting formulations. Neither of these strategies has proven to be successful, however, because the net amount of signal transduction, particularly over extended periods of drug use, is a product of much more than the pharmacokinetic properties of potency, efficacy, half-life, and bioavailability, the mainstays of traditional pharmaceutical screening. Both the quantity and quality of signal transduction are influenced by many regulated processes, including receptor desensitization, trafficking, and oligomerization. Importantly, the efficiency with which an agonist first stimulates signal transduction is not necessarily related to the efficiency with which it stimulates these other processes. Here we describe recent findings that suggest MOR agonists with diminished propensity to cause tolerance and dependence can be identified by screening drugs for the ability to induce MOR desensitization, endocytosis, and recycling. We also discuss preliminary evidence that heteromers of the delta opioid receptor and the MOR are pronociceptive, and that drugs that spare such heteromers may also induce reduced tolerance.
Bandwidth aggregation for real-time applications in heterogeneous wireless networks (2006)

A variety of wireless interfaces are available for today's mobile user to access Internet content. When coverage areas of these different technologies overlap, a terminal equipped with multiple interfaces can use them simultaneously to improve the performance of its applications. In this paper, we motivate the advantages that can be had through simultaneous use of multiple interfaces and present a network layer architecture that enables diverse multiaccess services. In particular, we explore in depth one such service provided by the architecture: Bandwidth Aggregation (BAG) for real-time applications. An important aspect of the architecture when providing BAG services for real-time applications is the scheduling algorithm that partitions the traffic onto different interfaces such that the QoS requirements of the application are met. We propose one such algorithm Earliest Delivery Path First (EDPF), that ensures packets meet their playback deadlines by scheduling packets based on the estimated delivery time of the packets. We show through analysis that EDPF performs close to an idealized Aggregated Single Link (ASL) discipline, where the multiple interfaces are replaced by a single interface with same aggregated bandwidth. A prototype implementation and extensive simulations carried using video and delay traces show the performance improvement BAG with EDPF scheduling offers over using just the Highest Bandwidth Interface (HBI) and other scheduling approaches based on weighted round robin.
Vitamin D And Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Nafld): Is It More Than Just An Association? (2013)

Vitamin D is a secosteroid with known effects on calcium homeostasis that has recently been shown to have other significant functions regarding immune modulation, cell differentiation and proliferation, and the inflammatory response. As our understanding of the many functions of vitamin D has grown, the presence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has become more evident in Western populations. Concomitantly, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease. NAFLD and VDD are often found together, and while this is not unexpected, given their similar associations with obesity and sedentary lifestyle, a growing body of evidence points to a closely linked and potentially causative relationship between VDD and NAFLD. The epidemiologic association between VDD and NAFLD as well as the role of VDD in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the available evidence on the clinical utility of vitamin D replacement in NAFLD populations are discussed.
Detoxification and activation of agrochemicals in plants (1994)

Abstract Plants are able to metabolize agrochemicals and other foreign compounds by a variety of mechanisms and with extraordinary species diversity. Minor structural alterations of these compounds can bring about dramatic and unpredictable changes in the routes of their metabolism. The enzymes responsible for this exist in multiple forms which renders prediction of herbicide metabolism and, therefore, of selectivity, difficult. In some notable instances, pesticides are activated by plant metabolism. In the main, however, mechanisms such as hydroxylation, dealkylation and glutathione conjugation bring about detoxification and form the basis of herbicide selectivity. The properties of oxygenating and conjugating enzymes in plants are highlighted, with emphasis on the evident narrow substrate specificities, species differences and physiological roles. The molecular cloning of the genes specifying these enzymes will permit a much better definition of these mechanisms and will illuminate the natural roles of the enzymes involved. The prospects for utilizing recombinant enzymes as tools for the rational design of new selective herbicides are discussed. Herbicide safeners can protect certain crops from herbicide injury by promoting herbicide metabolism. The precise mechanisms of safener action and the reasons for their specificity are attracting much interest but are at present obscure. Natural variation in detoxification abilities of weed populations has allowed the field selection of some biotypes resistant to repeatedly used herbicides. By analogy, the introduction of microbial detoxification genes into major crops through genetic transformation has created new herbicideresistant crops which will enhance the flexibility of herbicide usage.