gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P252 THE TREATMENT WITH BETA–BLOCKERS AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITHOUT REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION (REBOOT) TRIAL, 2023 UPDATES (2023)

Abstract Introduction The role of beta blockers (BB) post–myocardial infarction (MI) in patients without reduced ejection fraction in the era of invasive management is controversial results from observational studies have led to opposite results. Methods REBOOT is an independent multinational pragmatic, controlled, randomized, open–label, with blinded endpoint adjudication clinical trial. The study is testing the benefits of BB maintenance therapy in post–MI patients (either with or without ST segment elevation) discharged with LVEF &amp;gt;40%. Patients ≥18 years old undergoing invasive management during admission and without history of heart failure (HF) are eligible to participate. At discharge, they are 1:1 randomized to either receive BB (agent and dose chosen by the treating physician) or no BB therapy. The primary endpoint is a composite of all–cause death, nonfatal re–MI, or heart failure hospitalization over a minimum follow–up period of 2.75 years (minimum 2 years, maximum 3 years). Events are adjudicated by a blinded committee. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) is the sponsor of the trial and the coordinator of Spanish Centers while Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS coordinates the Italian participating network. Hospital admission for COVID–19 were also recorded since June 2020. Results The study is currently ongoing and 29 Italian centers are still actively recruiting. A sample size of 8468 pts (728 events) was estimated to provide a power of 85% to detect a RRR of 20% (incidence of primary endpoint in control 10%) and assuming 5% withdrawals. More than 75 Spanish and 35 Italian centers recruited patients. The first patients have been included in Spain in October 2018, in Italy in January 2019. On December 31st 2022, the number of enrolled patients by Italian centers was 1685. The top three Italian enrollers at the moment are: Ospedale G. da Saliceto –Piacenza (483 pts), Ospedale S. Luigi Gonzaga – Orbassano (183 pts) and A.O San’Anna and San Sebastiano – Caserta (170 pts). The patient enrollment rate was almost stable during all the study periods with a slight decrease during COVID pandemic outbreaks. The Italian REBOOT Network goal is to include 1800 patients by April 2023. The first results will become available by the end of 2025. Conclusion The REBOOT, with other ongoing trials, will provide robust evidence to guide the prescription of BB to patients discharged after MI without reduced LVEF.
Discussion of Surgical and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients With PEEK Versus Titanium Cranioplasty Reconstruction (2020)

∗Section of Neuroplastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery †Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Chad Gordon, DO, FACS, Neuroplastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, JHOC, 8th Floor, 601 N. Caroline St., Baltimore, MD 21287; E-mail: [email protected] Received 10 August, 2020 Accepted 12 August, 2020 Dr Gordon is a consultant for Stryker, OsteoMed, Johnson & Johnson, and Longeviti Neuro Solutions. Dr Mitchell has no conflicts of interest or relevant disclosures.
Fast SVM training algorithm with decomposition on very large data sets (2005)

Training a support vector machine on a data set of huge size with thousands of classes is a challenging problem. This paper proposes an efficient algorithm to solve this problem. The key idea is to introduce a parallel optimization step to quickly remove most of the nonsupport vectors, where block diagonal matrices are used to approximate the original kernel matrix so that the original problem can be split into hundreds of subproblems which can be solved more efficiently. In addition, some effective strategies such as kernel caching and efficient computation of kernel matrix are integrated to speed up the training process. Our analysis of the proposed algorithm shows that its time complexity grows linearly with the number of classes and size of the data set. In the experiments, many appealing properties of the proposed algorithm have been investigated and the results show that the proposed algorithm has a much better scaling capability than Libsvm, SVMlight, and SVMTorch. Moreover, the good generalization performances on several large databases have also been achieved.
Synthesis of a Tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulene by a “Fold‐In” Oxidative Fusion Reaction (2015)

Abstract Tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulene ( 1 ) has been synthesized in good yield by a “fold‐in” oxidative fusion reaction of a 1,2‐phenylene‐bridged cyclic tetrapyrrole. X‐ray diffraction analysis of 1 has revealed a planar square structure with a central cyclooctatetraene (COT) core that shows little alternation of the bond lengths. Despite these structural features, 1 shows aromatic‐like character, such as sharp absorption bands, high fluorescence quantum yields ( Φ F =0.55 in THF), and a single exponential fluorescence decay with τ F =3.8 ns. These observations indicate a dominant contribution of an [8]radialene‐like π conjugation and hence aromatic character of the local aromatic segments in 1 .
Toxicologic Effects of a Novel Acyl-CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibitor in Cynomolgus Monkeys (1994)

PD 132301-2, an acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor, was administered orally to cynomolgus monkeys for 2 wk at doses of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg to assess potential subacute toxicity. Sporadic episodes of soft feces and diarrhea increased in incidence from 100 to 200 mg/kg. Histopathologic alterations in adrenocortical cells of treated monkeys consisted of a dose-related decrease in cytoplasmic fine vacuolation and an increase in cytoplasmic eosinophilia most conspicuous in the zona fasciculata and reticularis. At 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, a narrow discontinuous zone of cytotoxic cortical cell degeneration occurred in the outer zona fasciculata. Decreased fine vacuolation of cortical cells correlated ultrastructurally with reduced size and number of intracellular lipid vacuoles and biochemically with a dose-related decrease in adrenal total cholesterol (from 56 to 13% of control) and cholesteryl ester (from 51 to 3% of control) concentrations. Other ultrastructural changes noted in zona fasciculata cortical cells at all doses were an apparent increase in both smooth endoplasmic reticulum and variably sized autophagic vacuoles. Ovarian corpora lutea in some females at all doses had increased coarse vacuolation of luteal cells, foci of cellular degeneration, increased numbers of cholesterol clefts, and slight infiltrates of mononuclear cells. Sebaceous glands were atrophic in all treated monkeys due largely to a reduction in size and number of differentiated foam cells. Sebaceous gland reserve cells were hypertrophic and hyperplastic. Toxicity data from this study indicated that PD 132301-2 at 25-200 mg/kg targeted cholesterol-rich cells of the adrenals, ovaries, and skin adnexa.
Pillcam colon capsule endoscopy compared to colonoscopy for screening colorectal cancer: a prospective pilot study (2006)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Effects of BDM, [Ca2+]o, and temperature on the dynamic stiffness of quiescent cardiac trabeculae from rat (2004)

Studies of the passive mechanical properties of cardiac tissue have traditionally been conducted at subphysiological temperatures and various concentrations of extracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](o)). More recently, the negative inotropic agent 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) has been used. However, there remains a lack of data regarding the influence of temperature, Ca(2+), and BDM on the passive mechanical properties of cardiac tissue. We have used the dynamic stiffness technique, a sensitive measurement of cross-bridge activity, in which minute (approximately 0.2% of muscle length) sinusoidal perturbations are applied at various frequencies (0.2-100 Hz) to quiescent, viable right ventricular rat trabeculae at two temperatures (20 degrees C and 26 degrees C) and at two [Ca(2+)](o) (0.5 and 1.25 mM) in the presence and absence of BDM (20 mM). The stiffness spectra (amplitude and phase) were sensitive to temperature and [Ca(2+)](o) in the absence of BDM but insensitive in the presence of BDM. From the index of cross-bridge cycling (the ratio of high- to low-frequency stiffness amplitude), we infer that BDM inhibits a small degree of spontaneous sarcomere activity, thereby allowing the true passive properties of trabeculae to be determined. In the absence of BDM, the extent of spontaneous sarcomere activity decreases with increasing temperature. We caution that the measured mechanical properties of passive cardiac tissue are critically dependent on the experimental conditions under which they are measured. Experiments must be performed at sufficiently high temperatures (>25 degrees C) to ensure a low resting concentration of intracellular Ca(2+) or in the presence of an inhibitor of cross-bridge cycling.
A MODIFIED LATERAL CAPSULAR APPROACH WITH REPOSITIONING OF VASTUS LATERALIS (1998)

Total knee arthroplasty (TKR) using a medial capsular approach gives worse results in arthritic knees with valgus deformity than in those in varus, usually because of swelling, poor wound healing and stiffness, instability, recurrent valgus deformity and poor patellar tracking. A technique for replacement TKR of valgus knees using a lateral capsular approach was described several years ago, but was not routinely adopted because of the difficulties with and complexity of the procedure which included deliberate elevation of the tibial tubercle. In order to avoid this we have modified and simplified the procedure. Our preliminary results suggest that this lateral approach is safe and may give a better outcome than that through the medial capsule for the replacement of valgus knees.
Optical generation of high frequency ultrasound using two-dimensional gold nanostructure (2006)

A two-dimensional (2D) gold nanostructure is used to optically generate high frequency ultrasound. The structure consists of 2D arrangements of gold nanoparticles, sandwiched between a transparent substrate and a 4.5μm thick polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer. The acoustic signal displays significant improvements compared to a bulk black PDMS films (the current state of the art) at frequencies from 50to100MHz. The high optical extinction ratio of the gold nanostructure provides a convenient method to construct an integrated transmit/receive optoacoustic array. These results show that a 2D gold nanostructure can be used to produce high frequency arrays for ultrasound imaging.
Wound healing: The role of growth factors (2003)

Wound healing is a complex biological process that requires cellular interactions between a variety of cells, including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, keratinocytes and immune cells. These interactions are mediated by numerous factors such as growth factors, hormones, blood components and second messengers. Several growth factors that are released at the wound site are presumed to be necessary for wound healing. These include epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The clinical use of growth factors to stimulate the healing of wounds is currently being investigated. Several growth factors, including PDGF, FGF-2, IGF and KGF, have been used in clinical trials, and PDGF is currently approved for use in human medicine.
Nitrate uptake by foraminifera and use in conjunction with endobionts under anoxic conditions (2014)

Among eukaryotes, some benthic foraminiferal species have been reported to be capable of nitrate respiration, although little is known about their denitrification processes. In this study, we incubated the shallow‐water benthic foraminifer Ammonia beccarii with isotopically labeled sodium nitrate (−73‰, 0‰, or +73‰) under oxic or anoxic conditions to investigate how nitrate is used in foraminiferal cells and whether those signatures remain in amino acids. The δ 15 N values of amino acids from bulk cells incubated under anoxic conditions were correlated with those of nitrate in seawater and were enriched in 15 N by up to ∼ 50‰ compared to the isotopic compositions in seawater. There was no such relationship or enrichment in the cases of organic matter in the calcite tests under oxic or anoxic conditions or bulk cells under oxic conditions, suggesting that benthic foraminifera take up ambient nitrate under anoxic conditions and use it for denitrification; the remaining 15 N‐enriched intracellular nitrate pool is used for amino acid synthesis, probably by endosymbiotic microbes, as suggested by observation of the cellular ultrastructure. The degree of 15 N enrichment may depend on denitrification rates of the intracellular nitrate pool. Because the amino acids in the calcite test are synthesized by foraminifera, they were not enriched in 15 N, even under anoxic conditions. Thus, differences between amino acid δ 15 N of bulk foraminiferal cells and organic matter in tests may serve as a proxy for denitrification in foraminiferal cells and microbial amino acid synthesis under oxygen‐depleted conditions.
Discovery and Structure Determination of the Orphan Enzyme Isoxanthopterin Deaminase, (2010)

Two previously uncharacterized proteins have been identified that efficiently catalyze the deamination of isoxanthopterin and pterin 6-carboxylate. The genes encoding these two enzymes, NYSGXRC-9339a ( gi|44585104 ) and NYSGXRC-9236b ( gi|44611670 ), were first identified from DNA isolated from the Sargasso Sea as part of the Global Ocean Sampling Project. The genes were synthesized, and the proteins were subsequently expressed and purified. The X-ray structure of Sgx9339a was determined at 2.7 A resolution (Protein Data Bank entry 2PAJ ). This protein folds as a distorted (beta/alpha)(8) barrel and contains a single zinc ion in the active site. These enzymes are members of the amidohydrolase superfamily and belong to cog0402 within the clusters of orthologous groups (COG). Enzymes in cog0402 have previously been shown to catalyze the deamination of guanine, cytosine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, and 8-oxoguanine. A small compound library of pteridines, purines, and pyrimidines was used to probe catalytic activity. The only substrates identified in this search were isoxanthopterin and pterin 6-carboxylate. The kinetic constants for the deamination of isoxanthopterin with Sgx9339a were determined to be 1.0 s(-1), 8.0 muM, and 1.3 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) (k(cat), K(m), and k(cat)/K(m), respectively). The active site of Sgx9339a most closely resembles the active site for 8-oxoguanine deaminase (Protein Data Bank entry 2UZ9 ). A model for substrate recognition of isoxanthopterin by Sgx9339a was proposed on the basis of the binding of guanine and xanthine in the active site of guanine deaminase. Residues critical for substrate binding appear to be conserved glutamine and tyrosine residues that form hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl oxygen at C4, a conserved threonine residue that forms hydrogen bonds with N5, and another conserved threonine residue that forms hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl group at C7. These conserved active site residues were used to identify 24 other genes which are predicted to deaminate isoxanthopterin.
Engineering inclined orientations of piezoelectric films for integrated acoustofluidics and lab-on-a-chip operated in liquid environments (2020)

Different acoustic wave modes are required for effective implementation of biosensing and liquid actuation functions in an acoustic wave-based lab-on-a-chip. For efficient sensing in liquids, shear waves (either a thickness-shear bulk wave or a shear-horizontal surface acoustic wave) can achieve a high sensitivity, without significant loss of acoustic wave energy. On the other hand, longitudinal bulk waves or out-of-plane displacement waves (such as Rayleigh waves) enable efficient sampling functions and liquid manipulation. However, there are significant challenges in developing a lab-on-a-chip to efficiently generate multiple wave modes and perform both these functions on a single piezoelectric substrate, especially when a single crystalline orientation is available. This paper highlights the latest progress in the theories and techniques to deliver both sensing and microfluidic manipulation functions using engineered inclined-angled piezoelectric films, allowing for the simultaneous generation of longitudinal (or Rayleigh) and thickness-shear bulk (or shear-horizontal surface acoustic) waves. Challenges and theoretical constraints for generating various wave modes in the inclined films and techniques to efficiently produce inclined columnar and inclined crystalline piezoelectric films using sputtering deposition methods are presented. Applications of different wave modes in the inclined film-based lab-on-chips with multiple sensing and acoustofluidic functions are also discussed.
Development of Microscopic Hardness and Stiffness Investigation System with MicroRobot (2012)

In order to investigate micro hardness and stiffness in a special chamber, the development of a small-force generator mechanism and a piezodriven microrobot is described in this paper. This small-force generator is simply composed of a Voice Coil Actuator (VCA) and the tandem leaf spring mechanism. The small force can be controlled by an electrical current, which is supplied to the coil and positioned precisely at the balance point with the parallel leaf spring with no mechanical friction. The full bridge strain gauges on both sides of the double leaf spring can detect a small force that is applied to the sample with a microindenter. This handmade small device can produce and verify small forces up to 17 mN with good linearity and a 50 µN resolution. The displacement of the indenter head can be also measured by the Linear Valuable Differential Transformer (LVDT) on the machine for monitoring the depth behavior of the indenter during the whole dwell time. The small force generator with the indenter can be implemented on the piezodriven microrobot to check the microscopic hardness and stiffness. This microrobot can move around the measurement area precisely step by step with 1 µm steps on a metal plate, so that the sample can be scanned with microscopic resolution in situ, such as in an SEM chamber. In the experiment results, the basic performance of microelasticity investigations with a certified hardness block was successfully checked and the indentation load-depth characteristics were precisely acquired on the path of the microrobot.
Double-integrating-sphere system for measuring the optical properties of tissue (1993)

A system is described and evaluated for the simultaneous measurement of the intrinsic optical properties of tissue: the scattering coefficient, the absorption coefficient, and the anisotropy factor. This system synthesizes the theory of two integrating spheres and an intervening scattering sample with the inverse adding-doubling algorithm, which employs the adding-doubling solution of the radiative transfer equation to determine the optical properties from the measurement of the light flux within each sphere and of the unscattered transmission. The optical properties may be determined simultaneously, which allows for measurements to be made while the sample undergoes heating, chemical change, or some otherexternal stimulus. An experimental validation of the system with tissue phantoms resulted in the determination of the optical properties with a < 5% deviation when the optical density was between 1 and 10 and the albedo was between 0.4 and 0.95.
Toward Good Read-Across Practice (GRAP) guidance (2016)

Grouping of substances and utilizing read-across of data within those groups represents an important data gap filling technique for chemical safety assessments. Categories/analogue groups are typically developed based on structural similarity and, increasingly often, also on mechanistic (biological) similarity. While read-across can play a key role in complying with legislations such as the European REACH regulation, the lack of consensus regarding the extent and type of evidence necessary to support it often hampers its successful application and acceptance by regulatory authorities. Despite a potentially broad user community, expertise is still concentrated across a handful of organizations and individuals. In order to facilitate the effective use of read-across, this document aims to summarize the state-of-the-art, summarizes insights learned from reviewing ECHA published decisions as far as the relative successes/pitfalls surrounding read-across under REACH and compile the relevant activities and guidance documents. Special emphasis is given to the available existing tools and approaches, an analysis of ECHA's published final decisions associated with all levels of compliance checks and testing proposals, the consideration and expression of uncertainty, the use of biological support data and the impact of the ECHA Read-Across Assessment Framework (RAAF) published in 2015.
YTHDF2 facilitates UBXN1 mRNA decay by recognizing METTL3-mediated m6A modification to activate NF-κB and promote the malignant progression of glioma (2021)

Our findings confirmed that YTHDF2 promotes the malignant progression of gliomas and revealed important insight into the upstream regulatory mechanism of NF-κB activation via UBXN1 with a primary focus on m<sup>6</sup>A modification.
Solar Sail - Fresnel Zone Plate Lens for a Large Space Based Telescope (2002)

A Fresnel zone plate lens made with solar sail material could be used as the primary optic for a very large aperture telescope on deep space probes propelled by solar sails. The large aperture telescope capability could enable significant science on fly-by missions to the asteroids, Pluto, Kuiper belt or the tort cloud and could also enable meaningful interstellar fly-by missions for laser propelled sails. This type of lens may also have some potential for laser communications and as a solar concentrator. The techniques for fabrication of meter size and larger Fresnel phase plate optics are under development at LLNL, and we are extending this technology to amplitude zone plates made from sail materials. Corrector optics to greatly extend the bandwidth of these Fresnel optics will be demonstrated in the future. This novel telescope concept will require new understanding of the fabrication, deployment and control of gossamer space structures. It will also require new materials technology for fabricating these optics and understanding their long term stability in a space environment.