gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cation Substitution of Solution‐Processed Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Film Solar Cell with over 9% Efficiency (2015)

To alleviate the limitations of pure sulfide Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) thin film, such as band gaps adjustment, antisite defects, secondary phase and microstructure, Cadmium is introduced into CZTS thin film to replace Zn partially to form Cu 2 Zn 1− x Cd x SnS 4 (CZCTS) thin film by low‐cost sol–gel method. It is demonstrated that the band gaps and crystal structure of CZCTS thin films are affected by the change in Zn/Cd ratio. In addition, the ZnS secondary phase can be decreased and the grain sizes can be improved to some degree by partial replacement of Zn with Cd in CZCTS thin film. The power conversion efficiency of CZTS solar cell device is enhanced significantly from 5.30% to 9.24% (active area efficiency 9.82%) with appropriate ratio of Zn/Cd. The variation of device parameter as a function of Zn/Cd ratio may be attributed to the change in electronic structure of the bulk CZCTS thin film (i.e., phase change from kesterite to stannite), which in turn affects the band alignment at the CZCTS/buffer interface and the charge separation at this interface.
Preparation of Layered Double Hydroxide–Organic Intercalation Compounds by Solid–Solid Reactions (2011)

Abstract Layered double hydroxide–organic intercalation compounds were successfully synthesized by the solid–state reactions of magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and the guest species (p-toluenesulfonic acid, malonic acid, and oxalic acid) at room temperature. The present very simple synthesis is potentially applicable to a variety of layered double hydroxide–organic intercalation compounds.
Hazara virus infection is lethal for adult type I interferon receptor-knockout mice and may act as a surrogate for infection with the human-pathogenic Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (2011)

Hazara virus (HAZV) is closely related to the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). HAZV has not been reported to cause human disease; work with infectious material can be carried out at containment level (CL)-2. By contrast, CCHFV causes a haemorrhagic fever in humans and requires CL-4 facilities. A disease model of HAZV infection in mice deficient in the type I interferon receptor is reported in this study. Dose-response effects were seen with higher doses, resulting in a shorter time to death and earlier detection of viral loads in organs. The lowest dose of 10 p.f.u. was still lethal in over 50 % of the mice. Histopathological findings were identified in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes, with changes similar to a recent mouse model of CCHFV infection. The findings demonstrate that inoculation of mice with HAZV may act as a useful surrogate model for the testing of antiviral agents against CCHFV.
Supplementary Dataset S4 from Therapeutic Targeting of the Premetastatic Stage in Human Lung-to-Brain Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;GSEA of dysregulated BMIT genes within GO gene sets&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of Surface Roughness on Adsorption Force and Smooth Sliding in a Vacuum (2005)

We evaluated the sliding friction coefficient under changes of load from 0.98 mN to 196 mN at pressures of 105 Pa and 10-5 Pa. The friction of type 304 austenitic stainless steels as typical vacuum materials was measured, and surface roughness of nano order was prepared by electrochemical buffing and chemical etching. The same value of friction coefficient on samples measured in a vacuum as at atmospheric pressure when surface roughness was prepared to about 40 nm to 1.2 μm was also found. There is an absorption force of about 20 mN on a sample with a surface roughness of less than about 670 nm at atmospheric pressure. In a vacuum, a sample with a surface roughness under 40 nm also showed adsorption force below 0.98 mN, while a sample with a surface roughness around 100 nm showed higher adsorption force of about 15 mN. It was concluded that there was a range of surface roughnesses without any decrease in adsorption force even in a vacuum.
Convolutional Neural Networks on Graphs with Fast Localized Spectral Filtering (2016)

In this work, we are interested in generalizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) from low-dimensional regular grids, where image, video and speech are represented, to high-dimensional irregular domains, such as social networks, brain connectomes or words' embedding, represented by graphs. We present a formulation of CNNs in the context of spectral graph theory, which provides the necessary mathematical background and efficient numerical schemes to design fast localized convolutional filters on graphs. Importantly, the proposed technique offers the same linear computational complexity and constant learning complexity as classical CNNs, while being universal to any graph structure. Experiments on MNIST and 20NEWS demonstrate the ability of this novel deep learning system to learn local, stationary, and compositional features on graphs.
A Usable Interchange Format for Rich Syntax Rules Integrating OCL, RuleML and SWRL (2006)

Rules are becoming increasingly important in business modeling and requirements engineering, and as a high level programming paradigm. In the area of rule modeling there are different developer communities like UML modelers and ontology architects. The former use rules in business modeling and in software development, while the latter use rules in collaborative Web applications. Each of them is using different rule languages and tools. Since a business rule is the same rule no matter in which language it is formalized, it is important to support the interchange of rules between different systems and tools. This paper presents an interchange format for rules integrating the Rule Markup Language (RuleML), the Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) and the Object Constraint Language (OCL). These languages provide a rich syntax for expressing rules. This means that they support conceptual distinctions, such as distinguishing different types of terms and different types of atoms, which are not present in standard predicate logic. The interchange format is usable in the sense that it allows structure-preserving markup of all constructs of these different languages and does not force users to translate their rule expressions to a completely different language paradigm such as having to transform a function into a functional predicate. In the case of OCL rules this is achieved by developing a logical reconstruction of the ’unlogical’ original OCL metamodel. We consider three kinds of rules in this paper: integrity rules, derivation rules and production rules. We define rule concepts with the help of MOF/UML, a subset of the UML class modeling language proposed by the Object Management Group (OMG) for the purpose of ’meta-modeling’, i.e. (semi-visual) syntax.
Differential synthesis and phosphorylation of the α-crystallin A and B chains during bovine lens fiber cell differentiation (1989)

[14C]-amino acids and [32P]-orthophosphate incorporation experiments were carried out in bovine lenses in culture to study the synthesis and phosphorylation of alpha-crystallin A and B polypeptides during differentiation of the lens fiber cells. Following culture, the [14C] or [32P]-labelled alpha-crystallin was isolated by gel filtration chromatography from four regions of the lens corresponding to: A) quiescent epithelial cells, B) dividing epithelial cells and early stages of elongation, C) young elongating fibers, and D) mature fibers from the superficial cortex. The incorporation of label into the alpha-crystallin primary gene products alpha A2 and alpha B2 and their respective phosphorylated forms alpha A1 and alpha B1 was determined by isoelectric focusing and radioautography. Different synthesis and phosphorylation patterns were observed in alpha A and alpha B polypeptides. Synthesis and phosphorylation of the alpha B chain occurs most actively in the epithelial cells, both processes decrease during differentiation and there is no net accumulation of the phosphorylated form alpha B1 in the mature fiber cell. In contrast to the B chain, the A chain synthesis, minimal in the epithelial cell, increases with differentiation. Most striking, the A chain phosphorylation, not detectable in the epithelial cells, increases with differentiation. In the mature fiber cell, the phosphorylated form alpha A1 accounts for one third of the A chain. These observations indicate that the two chains may have different functions. the synthesis and phosphorylation patterns of alpha A suggest a lens-specific function of this polypeptide in the fiber cell and in the terminal differentiation process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Functional Genomics of the Retina to Elucidate its Construction and Deconstruction (2019)

The retina is the light sensitive part of the eye and nervous tissue that have been used extensively to characterize the function of the central nervous system. The retina has a central position both in fundamental biology and in the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases. We address the contribution of functional genomics to the understanding of retinal biology by reviewing key events in their historical perspective as an introduction to major findings that were obtained through the study of the retina using genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. We illustrate our purpose by showing that most of the genes of interest for retinal development and those involved in inherited retinal degenerations have a restricted expression to the retina and most particularly to photoreceptors cells. We show that the exponential growth of data generated by functional genomics is a future challenge not only in terms of storage but also in terms of accessibility to the scientific community of retinal biologists in the future. Finally, we emphasize on novel perspectives that emerge from the development of redox-proteomics, the new frontier in retinal biology.
Lithium Chalcogenidotetrelates: LiChT—Synthesis and Characterization of New Li+ Ion Conducting Li/Sn/Se Compounds (2013)

Five new lithium chalcogenidotetrelates, so-called “LiChT” phases, with the elemental combination Li/Sn/Se, Li4[SnSe4] (1), 1∞{Li2[SnSe3]} (2), and the respective solvates Li4[SnSe4]·13H2O (3), Li4[Sn2Se6]·14H2O (4), and Li4[SnSe4]·16MeOH (5) were generated in single-crystalline form. We present and discuss syntheses, crystal structures, spectroscopic and thermal behavior, as well as Li+ ion conducting properties of the phases that represent uncommon Li+ ion conducting materials with a maximum conductivity found for 1 (σ20°C = 2 × 10–5 S·cm–1, σ100°C = 9 × 10–4 S·cm–1). The latter was elucidated via impedance spectroscopy and further studied by electronic structure calculations, revealing vacancy migration as the dominant Li+ transport mechanism. Thus, studies on a selenido-LISICON family were found to be a very interesting starting point for an extension of the LISICON-related solid state lithium ion conductors (SSLIC).
Role of Titanium in the Development of Yellow Nail Syndrome (2015)

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is characterized by the triad of nail changes, lymphedema and respiratory tract involvement. Several hypotheses have been postulated to explain the findings in YNS including lymphatic drainage abnormalities along with microvasculopathy. The most recent hypothesis, proposed by Berglund and Calmark [Biol Trace Elem Res 2011;143:1-7], suggests a role of titanium dioxide in the development of YNS. This study showed elevated titanium levels (ranging from 1.1 to 170 μg/g of nail plate) in nail clippings or pieces of shed nail from 30 patients with YNS. Titanium was not found in the nails of healthy patients. Complete resolution was seen in 4 patients after removal of their titanium implants. Titanium dioxide is commonly found in cosmetics, sunscreens, medications, confectionaries and joint implants. Exposure to titanium can lead to its ions being released by galvanic action of dental gold or amalgam through the oxidative stress of fluorides. It is hypothesized that this galvanic interaction may lead to the yellow discoloration. At this point, cause and effect is speculative, but titanium may play a role in a subgroup of patients with YNS.
Gadolinium-148 and Other Spallation Production Cross Section Measurements for Accelerator Target Facilities (2004)

At the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center accelerator complex, protons are accelerated&#13;\nto 800 MeV and directed to two tungsten targets, Target 4 at the Weapons Neutron Research&#13;\nfacility and the 1L target at the Lujan Center. The Department of Energy requires hazard&#13;\nclassification analyses to be performed on these targets and places limits on certain radionuclide&#13;\ninventories in the targets to avoid characterizing the facilities as nuclear facilities.&#13;\nGadolinium-148 is a radionuclide created from the spallation of tungsten. Allowed isotopic&#13;\ninventories are particularly low for this isotope because it is an alpha-particle emitter with&#13;\na 75-year half-life. The activity level of Gadolinium-148 is low, but it encompasses almost&#13;\ntwo-thirds of the total dose burden for the two tungsten targets based on present yield estimates.&#13;\nFrom a hazard classification standpoint, this severely limits the lifetime of these&#13;\ntungsten targets. The cross section is not well-established experimentally and this is the&#13;\nmotivation for measuring the Gadolinium-148 production cross section from tungsten.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn a series of experiments at the Weapons Neutron Research facility, Gadolinium-148&#13;\nproduction was measured for 600- and 800-MeV protons on tungsten, tantalum, and gold.&#13;\nThese experiments used 3 m thin tungsten, tantalum, and gold foils and 10 m thin aluminum&#13;\nactivation foils. In addition, spallation yields were determined for many short-lived&#13;\nand long-lived spallation products with these foils using gamma and alpha spectroscopy and&#13;\ncompared with predictions of the Los Alamos National Laboratory codes CEM2k+GEM2&#13;\nand MCNPX.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe cumulative Gadolinium-148 production cross section measured from tantalum, tungsten,&#13;\nand gold for incident 600-MeV protons were 15.24.0, 8.310.92, and 0.5910.155,&#13;\nrespectively. The average production cross sections measured at 800 MeV were 28.63.5,&#13;\n19.41.8, and 3.690.50 for tantalum, tungsten, and gold, respectively. These cumulative&#13;\nmeasurements compared best with Bertini and were within a factor of two to three of&#13;\nCEM2k+GEM2.
Optimizing curvilinear ILT recipe development with machine learning based pattern selection (2021)

It is known that Inverse Lithography Technology (ILT) is the key to enable the semiconductor industry to move forward beyond 3nm node driven by design density and process window improvements. The test patterns used for recipe development play a critical role in achieving optimized ILT masks in terms of mask-friendliness, OPC convergence or multi-structure common focus range. The traditional way of test pattern selection is usually a clip-level manual search by considering of design rules, which inevitably may cause lack of critical design representations. In this paper, we introduce Mentor Graphics’ Calibre SONR, a Machine Learning (ML) method to implement design layouts clustering and automatic pattern selections for ILT recipe tuning on a full-chip level. It is shown that SONR enables comprehensive coverage of the layout complicity and hence improves the robustness in the real full chip run. In addition, it improves productivity for recipe tuning without suffering any loss in the wafer performance by simulation in terms of EPE convergence, PVBand and common DOF.
Carbon Explorer: A Holistic Framework for Designing Carbon Aware Datacenters (2023)

Technology companies reduce their datacenters’ carbon footprint by investing in renewable energy generation and receiving credits from power purchase agreements. Annually, datacenters offset their energy consumption with generation credits (Net Zero). But hourly, datacenters often consume carbon-intensive energy from the grid when carbon-free energy is scarce. Relying on intermittent renewable energy in every hour (24/7) requires a mix of renewable energy from complementary sources, energy storage, and workload scheduling. In this paper, we present the Carbon Explorer framework to analyze the solution space. We use Carbon Explorer to balance trade-offs between operational and embodied carbon, optimizing the mix of solutions for 24/7 carbon-free datacenter operation based on geographic location and workload. Carbon Explorer has been open-sourced at https://github.com/facebookresearch/CarbonExplorer.
American Association for Cancer Research 1999: 10-14 April, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1999)

No genuinely new targets or drugs were disclosed; instead, data about known therapeutic approaches and compounds were consolidated. The results of Phase I clinical trials were presented for the two farnesyl transferase inhibitors R 115777 and L 778,123. These results will certainly contribute to the debate concerning the best way to use signal transduction inhibitors in clinic. It will take many years to appreciate fully the clinical potential of such compounds. Many preclinical presentations were given on the subject of new tyrosine protein kinases inhibitors for the treatment of angiogenesis, with the target kinases being the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) family, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF-R). Inhibitors with convincing in vivo antitumour activity belong exclusively to three chemical series, quinazolines, indolinones and pyrido-pyrimidines. Among these series, the principal new compounds are ZD 1490, PD 183805, PD 166285, SU 6668 and GW 5181. Several new topoisomerases inhibitors (camptothecin derivatives: BNP 1350, BN-80915; epipodophyllotoxin derivative: F-11782) and new anitmitotic agents (taxoid: IDN -5109; D-24851) were also discussed.
Generation of Fbn1 conditional null mice implicates the extracellular microfibrils in osteoprogenitor recruitment (2012)

Loss-of-function experiments in mice have yielded invaluable mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of Marfan syndrome (MFS) and implicitly, into the multiple roles fibrillin-1 microfibrils play in the developing and adult organism. Unfortunately, neonatal death from aortic complications of mice lacking fibrillin-1 (Fbn1(-/-) mice) has limited the scope of these studies. Here, we report the creation of a conditional mutant allele (Fbn1(fneo) ) that contains loxP sites bordering exon1 of Fbn1 and an frt-flanked neo expression cassette downstream of it. Fbn1(fneo/+) mice were crossed with FLPeR mice and the resulting Fbn1(Lox/+) progeny were crossed with Fbn1(+/-) ;CMV-Cre mice to generate Fbn1(CMV-/-) mice, which were found to phenocopy the vascular abnormalities of Fbn1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, mating Fbn1(Lox/+) mice with Prx1-Cre or Osx-Cre mice revealed an unappreciated role of fibrillin-1 microfibrils in restricting osteoprogenitor cell recruitment. Fbn1(Lox/+) mice are, therefore, an informative genetic resource to further dissect MFS pathogenesis and the role of extracellular fibrillin-1 assemblies in organ development and homeostasis.
Tree-based access methods for spatial databases: implementation and performance evaluation (1991)

Experiences with the implementation of the cell tree dynamic access method for spatial databases are reported, and the results of an experimental performance comparison with the R-tree of A. Guttman (1984) and with the R-tree of T. Sellis et al. (1987) are given. Cell tree design and implementation are discussed. Although the cell tree often requires more storage space and more CPU time to answer a search query, it usually obtains the results with a lower number of disk accesses than the two rival structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Jitter Minimization in Digital PLLs with Mid-Rise TDCs (2019)

This paper analyzes the absolute jitter performance of digital phase-locked loops and compares the case when either a multi-bit time-to-digital converter with mid-rise characteristic or a bang-bang phase detector is adopted. The linear equivalent model of the PLL and expressions for random-noise and limitcycle jitter are first derived for the case of a 2-bit time-to-digital converter with a mid-rise characteristic, and the optimal TDC resolution is determined. The analysis, which account for TDC mismatches, shows that, compared to the 1-bit one, the 2-bit time-to-digital converter can substantially reduce the quantization noise in the case of dominant random-walk noise at the TDC input. Moving to the N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> -bit midrise TDC case, the quantization noise can be further reduced at the cost of higher complexity and finer time resolution. The choice of N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> = 2 seems to be the best compromise between jitter reduction and complexity increase. Time-domain simulations assess the theoretical framework and demonstrate the validity of the assumptions made throughout the paper.
Glioma cell invasion visualized by scanning confocal laser microscopy in an in vitro co-culture system. (1995)

Confrontation cultures between glioma spheroids and brain cell aggregates are well established in glioma research, and the model reflects several similarities to the in vivo brain tumour invasive process. The lipid-binding fluorescent carbocyanine dyes DiO (3,3'-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate) and DiI (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,'3,'-tetramethylinocarbocyanine perchlorate) are widely used in cell biology as tracers for studying cell movement. Mature brain cell aggregates grown from fetal rat brain cells, and spheroids initiated from two glioma cell lines (GaMg and D-54Mg) were stained with DiO and DiI, respectively. Penetration of DiI and DiO into the tumour spheroids and brain aggregates was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). After 48 h of dye exposures, the tracers had almost completely penetrated the tumour spheroids and brain aggregates. Light-microscopic sections of the specimens indicated that the dye incorporation had little effect on cellular morphology. Cell migration from DiI stained D-54Mg and GaMg spheroids was similar to that observed from unstained spheroids. Growth was also unaffected after 48 h of DiI exposure. Gioma cell invasion was assessed by CLSM using co-cultures of DiI -stained spheroids and DiO-stained brain cell aggregates. Optical sections revealed a gradual decrease in remaining brain volume, indicating a progressive invasive process. Single tumour cells were identified deep within the brain aggregates. In addition normal brain cells were also identified in the tumour spheroids. It is concluded that vital staining can be used to identify both normal cells and tumour cells during tumour cell invasion in vitro. The method may provide the possibility for studying the kinetics of single normal and tumour cell movement in individual tumour/brain co-cultures.
Enantioselective Decarboxylative Alkylation Reactions: Catalyst Development, Substrate Scope, and Mechanistic Studies (2011)

α-Quaternary ketones are accessed through novel enantioselective alkylations of allyl and propargyl electrophiles by unstabilized prochiral enolate nucleophiles in the presence of palladium complexes with various phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) ligands. Excellent yields and high enantiomeric excesses are obtained from three classes of enolate precursor: enol carbonates, enol silanes, and racemic β-ketoesters. Each of these substrate classes functions with nearly identical efficiency in terms of yield and enantioselectivity. Catalyst discovery and development, the optimization of reaction conditions, the exploration of reaction scope, and applications in target-directed synthesis are reported. Experimental observations suggest that these alkylation reactions occur through an unusual inner-sphere mechanism involving binding of the prochiral enolate nucleophile directly to the palladium center.