gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mevalonate Kinase in Lysates of Cultured Human Fibroblastsand Lymphoblasts: Kinetic Properties, Assay Conditions,Carrier Detection and Measurement of Residual Activity in aPatient with Mevalonic Aciduria (1989)

An assay has been developed for the measurement of mevalonate kinase activity in extracts of cultured human fibroblasts and lymphoblasts. Individual elements of the assay were investigated in order to achieve optimum conditions. Apparent Michaelis constants (KMapp) for the substrates mevalonic acid and adenosine-5'-triphosphate were 22 +/- 10 mumol/l and 0.42-0.53 mmol/l, respectively, in lysates of control fibroblast lines. The same values in lysates of a control lymphoblast line were 17 mumol/l and 0.23 mmol/l, respectively. Mevalonate kinase activity in extracts of cultured fibroblasts derived from 6 control individuals was 3.24 +/- (SD) 0.91 nmol/min/mg protein. The activity in extracts of fibroblasts derived from a patient with mevalonic aciduria was 0.15 +/- 0.10 nmol/min/mg protein, approximately 5% of the control mean. The parents and brother of the patient displayed mevalonate kinase activities in fibroblast extracts approximating 38-42% of the control mean. Substantially higher mevalonate kinase activity was documented in extracts of cultured lymphoblasts. When assayed on various occasions, the mean activity of mevalonate kinase in extracts of lymphoblasts derived from the parents, brother and maternal grandmother of the patient ranged from 27 to 32% of the mean activity of 9.8 +/- (SD) 3.4 nmol/min/mg protein measured in a parallel control lymphoblast line, while the mean activity in a maternal and paternal uncle approximated 65-89% of the same control mean. The mean activity in extracts of lymphoblasts derived from the patient approximated 2% of the control mean. The data suggest that the parents, brother and maternal grandmother are carriers of the defective gene responsible for mevalonate kinase deficiency, consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
Study of the mechanism of super resolution optical near-field structure (1999)

Super resolution optical near-field structure (super-RENS) is a useful new technique for the effective ultrahigh density near-field recording without diffraction limit. The SiN/Sb/SiN thin films provide a platform for the enhanced surface plasmon effects. The non-linearity of the photothermal transfer from the interface of Sb/SiN to the GeSbTe recording layer determines the effective threshold of the transition power. Recording marks less than 100 nm can be attained by adjusting the input laser power or the spacing layer of SiN.
Multiphoton microscopy reveals cancer stem cell driven tumor propagation. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Fractionated CSCs and non-stem tumor cells were labeled with different fluorescent proteins and transplanted into mice at a 10% cancer stem cell (YFP) to 90% non-stem tumor cell (CFP) ratio as shown in experimental design schematic (&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;). CSCs outgrew non-CSCs in vivo as shown in summary graph (&lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;), which was calculated based on three-dimensional reconstructions of projection micrographs (&lt;b&gt;B, C&lt;/b&gt;). Additionally, tumor populations did not intermingle in vivo (non-stem tumor population indicated by yellow oval). Fluorescent dextran (shown in purple) was injected into the circulation to illuminate blood vessels prior to imaging. Scale bar represents 100 µm.&lt;/p&gt;
An algebra for periodic rhythms and scales (2011)

This paper shows how scale vectors (which can represent either pitch or rhythmic patterns) can be written as a linear combination of columns of scale matrices, thus decomposing the scale into musically relevant intervals. When the scales or rhythms have different cardinalities, they can be compared using a canonical form closely related to Lyndon words. The eigenvalues of the scale matrix are equal to the Fourier coefficients, which leads to a number of relationships between the scale vectors and the decompositions. Overcomplete dictionaries of frame elements can be used for more convincing representations by finding sparse decompositions, a technique that can also be applied to tiling problems. Scale matrices are related to familiar theoretical properties such as the interval function, Z-relation or homometry, all of which can be efficiently studied within this framework. In many cases, the determinant of the scale matrix is key: singular scale matrices correspond to Lewin's special cases, regular matrices allow a simple method of recovering the argument of an interval function and elicit unique decompositions, large determinant values correspond to flat interval distributions.
Composition of Anopheles Species Collected from Selected Malarious Areas of Afghanistan and Iran. (2017)

Current study provides a basis for future research such as detection of <i>Plasmodium</i> infection in collected samples which is on process by the authors, also for effective implementation of evidence-based malaria vector intervention strategies.
Characterization and natural course of cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction in HIV-infected patients (1997)

Cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction is severe in AIDS patients, although not significant in pre-AIDS patients. Cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction proceeds with HIV disease progression, although its individual course is slow.
Message from the program chair (2009)

It is my pleasure to present to you the program of the 2009 fifth annual IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization. We received 56 papers, of which we accepted 23 to the symposium. Each paper received on average 3.5 reviews. The program committee worked tirelessly to do these reviews, largely by themselves, or with the help of colleagues in a few rare cases. The program committee then met in Austin, TX in person and via teleconference in June to do the hard work of deciding which papers made the cut. This was no easy process, and I am indebted to many on the program committee for their hard work. In particular, I am quite grateful to those who helped shepherd papers that needed a few light revisions. These include of IBM Research, of Georgia Tech, Leslie Barnes of AMD and David Kaeli of Northeastern University.
Configuration, in Serial Reconstruction, of Individual Axons Projecting from Area V2 to V4 in the Macaque Monkey (1992)

The detailed morphology of long extrinsically projecting axons in the neocortex has been difficult to investigate and is in fact poorly understood. Some data, based on extracellular injections of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), are available for individual axons projecting from area V1 to area V2 or MT. Like geniculocortical projections, axons projecting from area V1 to area MT are readily identifiable (they typically have a bistratified termination pattern and large terminal specializations and are of large caliber), but those projecting from area V1 to V2 are more variable. To provide a broader basis for interpreting constant and variable features of axon morphology, we used high-resolution serial section reconstruction to analyze small populations of PHA-L-labeled axons projecting from area V2 to V4. Reconstruction of 20 axons suggests that this system is variable in terms of overall configuration and laminar distribution. Most terminal arbors are located at the border between layers 3 and 4, but some remain entirely within layer 3 or 4, some target preferentially the superficial layers (1, 2, and 3A), and some have collaterals in layer 5 or, rarely, layer 6. Arbor size is fairly constant among the three visual cortical projections examined so far (typically about 200 microns in diameter). In area V4, however, axons frequently have three or four separate arbors, which branch divergently (in one instance, over 2.6 mm x 3.0 mm). These features may be correlated with aspects of the particular functional organization of area V4, such as coarse topography, large receptive field size, and modularity. Axonal variability may also denote differences, morphological or physiological, among neurons of origin in area V2.
Role for caveolin-mediated transcytosis in facilitating transport of large cargoes into the brain via ultrasound (2020)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic diffusional barrier regulating the molecular and chemical flux between the blood and brain, thereby preserving cerebral homeostasis. Endothelial cells form the core anatomical component of the BBB based on properties such as specialized junctional complexes between cells, which restricts paracellular transport, and extremely low levels of vesicular transport, restricting transcytosis. In performing its protective function, the BBB also constrains the entry of therapeutics into the brain, hampering the treatment of various neurological disorders. Focused ultrasound is a novel therapeutic modality that has shown efficacy in transiently and non-invasively opening the BBB for the targeted delivery of therapeutics to the brain. Although the ability of ultrasound to disrupt the junctional assembly of endothelial cells has been partially investigated, its effect on the transcellular mode of transport has been largely neglected. In this study, we found that ultrasound induces a pronounced increase in the levels of the vesicle-forming protein caveolin-1. In order to investigate the role of vesicle-mediated transcytoplasmic transport, we compared the leakage of various cargo sizes between a mouse model that lacks caveolin-1 and wild-type mice following sonication of the hippocampus. The absence of caveolin-1 did not lead to overt abnormalities in the cerebral vasculature in the mice. We found that caveolin-1 has a critical role specifically in the transport of large (500 kDa), but not smaller (3 and 70 kDa) cargoes. Our findings indicate differential effects of therapeutic ultrasound on cellular transport mechanisms, with implications for therapeutic interventions.
Loss of Heterozygosity on Chromosomes 3p, 8p, 9p and 17p in the Progression of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx (2004)

Previous molecular genetic studies of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)have shown certain chromosomal regions with recurring alterations. But studies of sequential molecular alterations and genetic progression model of laryngeal SCC have not been clearly defined. To identify the chromosomal alterations associated with the carcinogenesis of laryngeal SCC, we analyzed genomic DNA from microdissected squamous metaplasia, squamous dysplasia, invasive SCC, and metastatic carcinoma samples from 22 laryngeal SCC patients for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at microsatellite loci. Ten microsatellite markers on chromosome 3p, 8p, 9p, and 17p were used. LOH at 9p21 was observed in the all stages including squamous metaplasia, squamous dysplasia, invasive SCC and metastatic carcinoma. LOH at 17p13.1, 3p25 and 3p14.2 was observed from the squamous dysplasia, invasive SCC and metastatic carcinoma. LOH at 8p21.3-p22 was observed mainly from the invasive SCC and metastatic carcinoma. The results suggest that 9p21 in the early event, 17p13.1, 3p25 and 3p14.2 in the intermediate event and 8p21.3- p22 in the late event may be involved in the laryngeal carcinogenesis.
Atmospheric Effects on OFDM Wireless Links Operating in the Millimeter Wave Regime (2020)

The development of millimeter wave communication links and the allocation of bands within the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) range for the next generation cellular network present significant challenges due to the unique propagation effects emerging in this regime of frequencies. This includes susceptibility to amplitude and phase distortions caused by weather conditions. In the current paper, the widely used Orthogonal Division Frequency Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission scheme is tested for resilience against weather-induced attenuation and phase shifts, focusing on the effect of rainfall rates. Operating frequency bands, channel bandwidth, and other modulation parameters were selected according to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specification. The performance and the quality of the wireless link is analyzed via constellation diagram and BER (Bit Error Rate) performance chart. Simulation results indicate that OFDM channel performance can be significantly improved by consideration of the local atmospheric conditions while decoding the information by the receiver demodulator. It is also demonstrated that monitoring the weather conditions and employing a corresponding phase compensation assist in the correction of signal distortions caused by the atmospheric dispersion, and consequently leads to a lower bit error rate.
Configurational and Electrical Behavior of Ni‐YSZ Cermet with Novel Microstructure for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes (1997)

A novel Ni‐YSZ cermet anode for solid oxide fuel cell application has been developed in order to solve problems with our previous anode, which was prepared from a powder mixture of NiO and precalcined YSZ. In contrast to homogeneously sized YSZ in our previous anode, the new material has a YSZ frame made of coarse (average size of 27.0 μm) and fine (average size of 0.6 μm) powders to sustain the network of Ni and pore. Unlike the previous anode, no significant changes in shrinkage and microstructure of the new anodes were detected during sintering in air and upon transformation of NiO to Ni metal in a reducing atmosphere. The influence of the content of coarse YSZ powder was examined by fixing the Ni volume ratio at 40%. It has been found that with an increasing amount of coarse YSZ powder, the electrical conductivity increased by three orders of magnitude around 20 weight percent (w/o) coarse YSZ powder and also that the anode with an 80 w/o one was found to be the most stable during cell fabrication and cell operation. It is concluded that the consolidated framework made from two distinctly sized particles leads to a more stable YSZ frame and Ni network.
The Modification of Fats and Oils by Bioreactor Process (1992)

It is well known that lipase catalyzes not only the hydrolysis of fats and oils but also the interesterification and the ester-synthesis. Recently, a number of bioreactor system using the lipase has been investigated in the food processing field. In the field of fats and oils for food purpose, the interesterification process using lipase, especially 1, 3 positional-specific lipase, has been developed as a newly established technology. It has become possible to manufacture the following products by using bioreactor process in industrial scale.1) Cocoa butter equivalent, hard butters2) BOB (1, 3-Dibehenoyl-2-oleoylglycerol) fat-powder in a stable crystal form having special functions such as seeding effect and anti-blooming3) Plastic fats for margarine and shortening processed from palm oils.In this paper, some applications of bioreactor process under anhydrous condition are intro-duced.
Results of a randomized, dose-ranging trial of etoricoxib in patients with osteoarthritis (2002)

Etoricoxib 60 mg once daily showed maximal efficacy in treating OA in this study. Etoricoxib 5-90 mg once daily was generally well tolerated in OA patients for up to 14 weeks.
Finite element approximation of vector fields given by curl and divergence (1981)

Abstract In this paper a finite element approximation scheme for the system curl is considered. The use of pointwise approximation of the boundary condition leads to a nonconforming method. The error estimate is proved and numerically tested.
Regorafenib (RE) in liposarcomas (LIPO), leiomyosarcomas (LMS), synovial sarcomas (SYN), and other types of soft-tissue sarcomas (OTS): Results of an international, double-blind, randomized, placebo (PL) controlled phase II trial. (2016)

11003 Background: We investigated the activity and safety of RE in doxorubicin-pretreated metastatic soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Methods: REGOSARC (NCT01900743) consisted of 4 independent cohorts of patients (pts) who were randomized (1:1) to receive either RE (160 mg/d, 21/28 d) or PL, with optional cross-over. Key-eligibility criteria were age ≥ 18, metastatic sarcoma, ≤ 3 previous lines of treatment for metastatic sarcoma. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) with blinded central radiological review. Statistical assumptions were PFS = 1.6 months (mo) with PL, PFS = 4.6 mo with RE, 1-sided α = 0.1 and β = 0.05 (0.2 in SYN cohort). Results: From July 2013 to December 2014, 181 pts previously exposed to doxorubicin (178, 98%), ifosfamide (107, 59%), trabectedin (70, 38%), and pazopanib (6, 3%) were enrolled (89 with RE and 92 with PL; including 70 cross-over). Activity endpoints are displayed in the Table below. Four partial responses have been confirmed in RE arms, one in SYN pts and three in OTH pts (2 angiosarcomas and 1 solitary fibrous tumour). The drug-related maximal toxicity grade distribution by patient with RE (n=89) and PL (n=92) was Grade 5 (1 vs. 0; 1% vs. 0%; hepatitis), Grade 4 (3 vs. 0; 3% vs. 0%), Grade 3 (51 vs. 8; 57 vs. 9%), Grade 2 (18 vs. 22; 20 vs. 24%) and Grade 1 (7 vs. 13; 8 vs. 14%). The most common AEs in RE-treated pts were: asthenia (58, 63%), diarrhea (39, 44%), mucositis (39, 44%), Hand-Foot skin syndrome (39, 44%), anorexia (34, 38%) and arterial hypertension (32, 36%). Conclusions: Excluding LIPO, RE is an active drug providing statistically and clinically significant PFS improvement in pre-treated STS pts. Safety of RE is as expected. Clinical trial information: NCT01900743.Survival outcomes in STS. Cohorts Arm n PFS (mo) HR p OS (mo) HR p LIPO RE 20 1.1 1.13 0.70 4.7 1.57 0.21 LIPO PL 23 1.7 8.8 LMS RE 28 3.7 0.45 0.005 21.0 0.50 0.06 LMS PL 28 1.8 9.1 SYN RE 13 5.6 0.09 < 0.0001 13.4 0.87 0.79 SYN PL 14 1.0 6.7 OTH RE 29 2.9 0.45 0.006 12.1 0.75 0.38 OTH PL 27 1.0 9.5 Non-LIPO RE 70 4.0 0.36 <0.0001 13.4 0.67 0.06 Non-LIPO PL 69 1.0 9.0
Using Information Content to Evaluate Semantic Similarity in a Taxonomy (1995)

This paper presents a new measure of semantic similarity in an IS-A taxonomy, based on the notion of information content. Experimental evaluation suggests that the measure performs encouragingly well (a correlation of r = 0.79 with a benchmark set of human similarity judgments, with an upper bound of r = 0.90 for human subjects performing the same task), and significantly better than the traditional edge counting approach (r = 0.66).
ChemInform Abstract: Prediction of Activity Coefficients for Uni‐Univalent Electrolytes in Pure Aqueous Solution (2010)

Abstract Review: 53 refs.
On the Causes for Variability of Fish Populations: The Linkage Between Large and Small Scales 1 (2019)

Fluctuations in fish stock abundance are caused by fishing, modification of population-dynamic stabilizing mechanisms, and changes in the physical environment. The magnitude of each cause, in any particular case, is difficult to assess. The difficulty lies in the highly-dimensional &quot;environment&quot; and in the nonlinear population-dynamics response. Because of these facts, empirical correlations are difficult to interpret. While &quot;spurious correlation&quot; is well known, some correlations may appear spurious, even when they are not. To circumvent the difficulty, it is necessary to understand the relationship between the population-dynamics process and the physical environment at the most fundamental level. This chapter describes aspects of this interaction at the basin and microscale levels.
An overview of network coding for multimedia streaming (2009)

The objective of this paper is to survey recent developments of network coding, with specific focus on multimedia streaming. Network coding allows nodes to create and forward ldquocombinationsrdquo of incoming messages, which has been shown to increase throughput. While network coding has been invented in the information theory field, its potential benefits are spurring new research on its multimedia applications. We first review the concept of network coding, and briefly describe its potential benefits from a multimedia communication perspective. Then, we discuss the specific issues imposed by media delay constraints on network coding algorithms. Finally, we review some recent works that develop network coding principles in media streaming applications.
They’re heating up: Internet search query trends reveal significant public interest in heat-not-burn tobacco products (2017)

Heat-not-burn tobacco products, battery powered devices that heat leaf tobacco to approximately 500 degrees Fahrenheit to produce an inhalable aerosol, are being introduced in markets around the world. Japan, where manufacturers have marketed several heat-not-burn brands since 2014, has been the focal national test market, with the intention of developing global marketing strategies. We used Google search query data to estimate, for the first time, the scale and growth potential of heat-not-burn tobacco products. Average monthly searches for heat-not-burn products rose 1,426% (95%CI: 746,3574) between their first (2015) and second (2016) complete years on the market and an additional 100% (95%CI: 60, 173) between the products second (2016) and third years on the market (Jan-Sep 2017). There are now between 5.9 and 7.5 million heat-not-burn related Google searches in Japan each month based on September 2017 estimates. Moreover, forecasts relying on the historical trends suggest heat-not-burn searches will increase an additional 32% (95%CI: -4 to 79) during 2018, compared to current estimates for 2017 (Jan-Sep), with continued growth thereafter expected. Contrasting heat-not-burn's rise in Japan to electronic cigarettes' rise in the United States we find searches for heat-not-burn eclipsed electronic cigarette searches during April 2016. Moreover, the change in average monthly queries for heat-not-burn in Japan between 2015 and 2017 was 399 (95% CI: 184, 1490) times larger than the change in average monthly queries for electronic cigarettes in the Unites States over the same time period, increasing by 2,956% (95% CI: 1729, 7304) compared to only 7% (95% CI: 3,13). Our findings are a clarion call for tobacco control leaders to ready themselves as heat-not-burn tobacco products will likely garner substantial interest as they are introduced into new markets. Public health practitioners should expand heat-not-burn tobacco product surveillance, adjust existing tobacco control strategies to account for heat-not-burn tobacco products, and preemptively study the health risks/benefits, popular perceptions, and health messaging around heat-not-burn tobacco products.
Energy recovering static memory (2002)

This paper proposes an energy-recovering (a.k.a. adiabatic) static RAM with a novel driver that reduces power dissipation by efficiently recovering energy from the bit/word line capacitors. Powered by a single-phase sinusoidal power-clock, our SRAM delivers read and write operations with single-cycle latency. To that end, a precharge-low scheme is employed along with a modified sense amplifier design that achieves high efficiency at differential voltages near $VSS. A simple control circuit is used to maintain driver operation in synchrony with the power-clock waveform. Feedback circuitry from the driver output to the control circuit ensures that our driver remains efficient, independent of the access pattern. Our energy recovering SRAM functions correctly while achieving substantial energy savings over a wide range of supply voltages and operating frequencies. Hspice simulations of a simple full-custom adiabatic 256x256 SRAM, that includes the energy recovering bit/word line drivers, the cell array, and the sense amplifiers, show over 2.6x energy savings at 3V, 300MHz in comparison with its conventional counterpart.