gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Epidemiology of Bat Lyssaviruses in Europe (2012)

Bat rabies cases in Europe are principally attributed to two lyssaviruses, namely European bat lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV-1) and European bat lyssavirus type 2 (EBLV-2). Between 1977 and 2011, 961 cases of bat rabies were reported to Rabies Bulletin Europe, with the vast majority (>97%) being attributed to EBLV-1. There have been 25 suspected cases of EBLV-2, of which 22 have been confirmed. In addition, two single isolations of unique lyssaviruses from European insectivorous bats were reported in south-west Russia in 2002 (West Caucasian bat virus) and in Germany in 2010 (Bokeloh bat lyssavirus). In this review, we present phylogenetic analyses of the EBLV-1 and EBLV-2 using partial nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences. In particular, we have analysed all EBLV-2 cases for which viral sequences (N gene, 400 nucleotides) are available (n = 21). Oropharyngeal swabs collected from two healthy Myotis daubentonii during active surveillance programmes in Scotland and Switzerland also yielded viral RNA (EBLV-2). Despite the relatively low number of EBLV-2 cases, a surprisingly large amount of anomalous data has been published in the scientific literature and Genbank, which we have collated and clarified. For both viruses, geographical relationships are clearly defined on the phylogenetic analysis. Whilst there is no clear chronological clustering for either virus, there is some evidence for host specific relationships, particularly for EBLV-1 where more host variation has been observed. Further genomic regions must be studied, in particular for EBLV-1 isolates from Spain and the EBLV-2 isolates to provide support for the existence of sublineages.
Prognostic relevance of the histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma (2008)

The histological subtypes of renal tumors can stratify patients into different prognostic groups only when the sarcomatoid differentiation is present.
Engineering Hydrogels as Extracellular Matrix Mimics (2010)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex cellular environment consisting of proteins, proteoglycans, and other soluble molecules. ECM provides structural support to mammalian cells and a regulatory milieu with a variety of important cell functions, including assembling cells into various tissues and organs, regulating growth and cell-cell communication. Developing a tailored in vitro cell culture environment that mimics the intricate and organized nanoscale meshwork of native ECM is desirable. Recent studies have shown the potential of hydrogels to mimic native ECM. Such an engineered native-like ECM is more likely to provide cells with rational cues for diagnostic and therapeutic studies. The research for novel biomaterials has led to an extension of the scope and techniques used to fabricate biomimetic hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. In this article, we detail the progress of the current state-of-the-art engineering methods to create cell-encapsulating hydrogel tissue constructs as well as their applications in in vitro models in biomedicine.
Enabling 100% Renewable Power Systems Through Power Electronic Grid-Forming Converter and Control: System Integration for Security, Stability, and Application to Europe (2022)

In accordance with European plans, dynamic controls are developed to allow for system-wide integration of 100 % renewable energy sources (RESs) interfaced through power electronic converters while maintaining security. At the heart of the development is the concept of the grid-forming resource (GFR) which brings together both the technologies of renewable energy resource and grid-forming converter. Extending on an extensive review, a grid-forming converter control and protection scheme is presented to ensure operation under small-and large-signal transients as needed for overall system security. The scheme is shown to be practical in offering inertial response emulation and frequency control based on droop characteristics to maintain power balances rapidly, to control voltages, as well as to support transient stability enhancement under grid faults. The integration with the control of wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) creates a grid-forming wind park as the prototype of the GFR. Feedforward signals exchanged between grid and resource-side controls enhance fast overall controllability. The principal claims are substantiated based on a scenario developed in the European project initiative MIGRATE with a focus on the Irish power transmission system. The model comprises more than 2000 individual WECSs grouped into wind parks, where ten wind parks are GFRs. The transient behavior of this scenario comprising 100 % converter-interfaced generation is shown to be superior compared with a counterpart case comprising synchronous machinery. The results validate the fact that GFRs with their proposed controls are expected to be key elements in creating a renewable and secure electric power system.
Active Learning for Solving the Incomplete Data Problem in Facial Age Classification by the Furthest Nearest-Neighbor Criterion (2011)

Facial age classification is an approach to classify face images into one of several predefined age groups. One of the difficulties in applying learning techniques to the age classification problem is the large amount of labeled training data required. Acquiring such training data is very costly in terms of age progress, privacy, human time, and effort. Although unlabeled face images can be obtained easily, it would be expensive to manually label them on a large scale and getting the ground truth. The frugal selection of the unlabeled data for labeling to quickly reach high classification performance with minimal labeling efforts is a challenging problem. In this paper, we present an active learning approach based on an online incremental bilateral two-dimension linear discriminant analysis (IB2DLDA) which initially learns from a small pool of labeled data and then iteratively selects the most informative samples from the unlabeled set to increasingly improve the classifier. Specifically, we propose a novel data selection criterion called the furthest nearest-neighbor (FNN) that generalizes the margin-based uncertainty to the multiclass case and which is easy to compute, so that the proposed active learning algorithm can handle a large number of classes and large data sizes efficiently. Empirical experiments on FG-NET and Morph databases together with a large unlabeled data set for age categorization problems show that the proposed approach can achieve results comparable or even outperform a conventionally trained active classifier that requires much more labeling effort. Our IB2DLDA-FNN algorithm can achieve similar results much faster than random selection and with fewer samples for age categorization. It also can achieve comparable results with active SVM but is much faster than active SVM in terms of training because kernel methods are not needed. The results on the face recognition database and palmprint/palm vein database showed that our approach can handle problems with large number of classes. Our contributions in this paper are twofold. First, we proposed the IB2DLDA-FNN, the FNN being our novel idea, as a generic on-line or active learning paradigm. Second, we showed that it can be another viable tool for active learning of facial age range classification.
A new set of reference genes for RT-qPCR assays in the yeast Dekkera bruxellensis (2012)

The yeast Dekkera bruxellensis has been recently regarded as an important microorganism for bioethanol production owing to its ability to convert glucose, sucrose, and cellobiose to ethanol. The aim of this work was to validate a new set of reference genes for gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR in D. bruxellensis and compare the influence of the method of choice for quantification of mRNA levels with the reliability of our data. Three candidate reference genes, DbEFA1, DbEFB1, and DbYNA1, were used in a quantitative analysis of 4 genes of interest, DbYNR1, DbTPS1, DbADH7, and DbUBA4, based on an approach for calculating the normalization factors by means of the geNorm applet. Each reference gene was also individually used for a 2(-ΔΔC(q)) (comparative C(q) method) calculation of the relative expression of genes of interest. Our results showed that the 3 reference genes provided enough stability and were complementary to the normalization factors method in different culture conditions. This work was able to confirm the usefulness of a previously reported reference gene, EFA1/TEF1, and increased the set of possible reference genes in D. bruxellensis to 4. Moreover, this can improve the reliability of the analysis of the regulation of gene expression in the industrial yeast D. bruxellensis.
Alignment of the c -Type Cytochrome OmcS along Pili of Geobacter sulfurreducens (2010)

Immunogold localization revealed that OmcS, a cytochrome that is required for Fe(III) oxide reduction by Geobacter sulfurreducens, was localized along the pili. The apparent spacing between OmcS molecules suggests that OmcS facilitates electron transfer from pili to Fe(III) oxides rather than promoting electron conduction along the length of the pili.
CMOS High-Voltage Analog 1–64 Multiplexer/Demultiplexer for Integrated Ultrasound Guided Breast Needle Biopsy (2018)

Ultrasound guided needle biopsy is an important method for collection of breast cancer tissue. In this paper, we report on the design and testing of a high-voltage 1 to 64 Multiplexer/Demultiplexer (MUX/De-MUX) integrated circuit (IC) for ultrasound-guided breast biopsy applications implemented in a high-voltage CMOS process. The IC is intended to be incorporated inside the breast biopsy needle and is designed to fit inside the needle inner diameter of 2.38 mm. The MUX/De-MUX electronics are made up of three parts, including a low-voltage 6 to 64 decoder, a level shifter to convert from low voltage to high voltage, and analog high-voltage switches. Experimental results show a -3-dB bandwidth of over 70 MHz, Rds (on) of , -2.279-dB insertion loss, and -17.5-dB off isolation at 70 MHz with low-voltage input. Finally, we present results obtained via synthetic aperture imaging using the fabricated MUX/De-Mux device and a high-frequency ultrasound array. This device and technique hold promise for high-frequency imaging probes where a limited number of elements are used and the depth of penetration is short such as in breast biopsy and intravascular applications.
Collision-Free Path Planning and Delivery Sequence Optimization in Noncoplanar Radiation Therapy (2017)

Radiation therapy is among the top three cancer treatments in current medical services. The novel noncoplanar radiation therapy which claimed the best characteristics in almost all dosimetric properties encountered the challenges of the potential collision and the long time delivering. In this paper, we proposed a brand new scheme which uses a combined method of the collision avoidance path planning based on an improved probability roadmap method (PRM) and the delivery sequence optimization based on a modified genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the problems in noncoplanar radiation therapy. A uniform sampling strategy, an improved connection strategy, and an efficient local planner are introduced to optimize the roadmap result and accelerate the roadmap construction. The GA is improved by the elitist selection, the local search strategy, and the similar substitution strategy to achieve a better performance both in convergence rate and optimal solution. Experiments are carried out on the simulation platform with typical therapy system models. The results show that our proposed methods work well with the radiation therapy system in a compact working area. Collision is avoided and time consumption is reduced. We believe that our proposed algorithms could solve the problems in current radiation therapy and promote their clinic applications.
Advanced computational fluid dynamic solver based on cell-DEVS (2014)

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) deals with computing the equations of fluid flows using numerical methods instead of partial differential equations. The Discrete-Event System specification (DEVS) theory has already been used to approximate various continuous systems by applying a quantized state system approach. In this research, we experiment with a new method: using Cell-DEVS theory to create a uniform set of rules for CFD to apply to each cell and execute the state changes of the cells asynchronously. This harmonized set of state changes can effectively render the fluid dynamics, by applying the accurate rules that represents the behavior of the fluid.
Gatekeeper: supporting bandwidth guarantees for multi-tenant datacenter networks (2011)

Cloud environments should provide network performance isolation for co-located untrusted tenants in a virtualized datacenter. We present key properties that a performance isolation solution should satisfy, and present our progress on Gatekeeper, a system designed to meet these requirements. Experiments on our Xen-based implementation of Gatekeeper in a datacenter cluster demonstrate effective and flexible control of ingress/egress link bandwidth for tenant virtual machines under both TCP and greedy unresponsive UDP traffic.
Thin wafer-level camera lenses inspired by insect compound eyes (2010)

We propose a microoptical approach to ultra-compact optics for real-time vision systems that are inspired by the compound eyes of insects. The demonstrated module achieves approx. VGA resolution with a total track length of 1.4 mm which is about two times shorter than comparable single-aperture optics on images sensors of the same pixel pitch. The partial images that are separately recorded in different optical channels are stitched together to form a final image of the whole field of view by means of image processing. A software correction is applied to each partial image so that the final image is made free of distortion. The microlens arrays are realized by state of the art microoptical fabrication techniques on wafer-level which are suitable for a potential application in high volume e.g. for consumer electronic products.
Frequency versus relaxation oscillations in a semiconductor laser with coherent filtered optical feedback (2006)

We investigate the dynamics of a semiconductor laser subject to coherent delayed filtered optical feedback. A systematic bifurcation analysis reveals that this system supports two fundamentally different types of oscillations, namely relaxation oscillations and external roundtrip oscillations. Both occur stably in large domains under variation of the feedback conditions, where the feedback phase is identified as a key quantity for controlling this dynamical complexity. We identify two separate parameter regions of stable roundtrip oscillations, which occur throughout in the form of pure frequency oscillations.
Improved laser performance of Tm3+ and Pr3+-doped ZBLAN fibres (1994)

In this paper we present the performance of TM 3+ and Pr 3+ -doped ZBLAN fibre lasers at blue, green, and red wavelengths, both pumped efficiently with the output of Yb 3+ -doped silica fibre lasers. 1
A Weighted Current Summation Based Mixed Signal DRAM-PIM Architecture for Deep Neural Network Inference (2022)

Processing-in-Memory (PIM) is an emerging approach to bridge the memory-computation gap. One of the major challenges of PIM architectures in the scope of Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference is the implementation of area-intensive Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) units in memory technologies, especially for DRAM-based PIMs. The DRAM architecture restricts the integration of DNN computation units near the area optimized commodity DRAM Sub-Array (SA) or Primary Sense Amplifier (PSA) region, where the data parallelism is maximum and the data movement cost is minimum. In this paper, we present a novel DRAM-based PIM architecture that is based on bit-decomposed MAC operation and Weighted Current Summation (WCS) technique to implement the MAC unit with minimal additional circuitry in the PSA region by leveraging on mixed-signal design. The architecture presents a two-stage design that employs light-weight current mirror based analog units near the SAs in the PSA region, whereas all the other substantial logic is integrated near the bank peripheral region. Hence, our architecture attains a balance between the data parallelism, data movement energy and area optimization. For an 8-bit CNN inference, our novel 8Gb DRAM PIM device achieves a peak performance of 142.8GOPS while consuming a power of 756.76mW, which results in an energy efficiency of 188.8GOPS/W. The area overhead of such an 8Gb device for a 2ynm DRAM technology is 12.63% in comparison to a commodity 8Gb DRAM device.
1994 William J. Stickel Gold Award. Contact characteristics of the ankle joint. Part 2. The effects of talar dome cartilage defects (1994)

Variations in ankle joint contact characteristics caused by articular defects of the talar dome were investigated in 14 fresh-frozen cadaver specimens using pressure-sensitive film. Intact ankle and foot specimens were mounted in a materials tester on a loading frame which allowed positioning in neutral, and 20 degrees of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. Joint contact prints were recorded while an 800 N load was axially applied through the leg. Specimens were randomly placed into two lesion groups: either anterolateral or posteromedial. During testing, each specimen had four concentrically placed lesions on the talar dome, graduated in size. Following removal, the film transducers were digitized along with pressure calibration prints. The images were analyzed quantitatively to determine contact areas, mean contact pressures, ratio of to contact plafond areas, and high pressure centroid position as a function of lesion size and location. The results demonstrated significant changes in contact characteristics for larger lesions (> or = 7.5 x 15 mm) (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that determining the size of a lesion may assist in predicting the long-term outcome of ankles with cartilage defects.
Pulsed Laser Synthesis of SnO2-Pt Nano-Thin Films onto Carbon Nanotubes and their Electrocatalytic Activity Towards Ethanol Oxidation (2011)

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of nanoscaled CNT/SnO2/Pt films. The SnO2 and Pt films were deposited using the pulsed laser deposition technique. Films of nanometric thicknesses of 17 nm and 40 nm for SnO2 and Pt, respectively were obtained. SEM, TEM and XPS analysis all confirmed that each film was evenly coating the layer underneath, i.e., Pt onto SnO2 onto CNTs. Pt was chosen as a benchmark catalyst to evaluate the electrocatalytic behavior of such structures. Thus, electrochemical tests have shown that CNT/SnO2/Pt nanoscaled structures displayed good electrocatalytic activity and stability when used as anode for ethanol electro-oxidation.
Effect and Compensation of Timing Jitter in Through-Wall Human Indication via Impulse Through-Wall Radar (2014)

Impulse through-wall radar (TWR) is considered as one of preferred choices for through-wall human indication due to its good penetration and high range resolution. Large bandwidth available for impulse TWR results in high range resolution, but also brings an atypical adversity issue not substantial in narrowband radars — high timing jitter effect, caused by the non-ideal sampling clock at the receiver. The fact that impulse TWR employs very narrow pulses makes little jitter inaccuracy large enough to destroy the signal correlation property and then degrade clutter suppression performance. In this paper, we focus on the timing jitter impact on clutter suppression in through-wall human indication via impulse TWR. We setup a simple timing jitter model and propose a criterion namely average range profile (ARP) contrast is to evaluate the jitter level. To combat timing jitter, we also develop an effective compensation method based on local ARP contrast maximization. The proposed method can be implemented pulse by pulse followed by exponential average background subtraction algorithm to mitigate clutters. Through-wall experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can dramatically improve through-wall human indication performance.
Chemical, immunobiological and antigenic characterizations of lipopolysaccharides from Bacteroides gingivalis strains (1990)

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were extracted from whole cells of seven strains of Bacteroides gingivalis--381, ATCC 33277, BH18/10, OMZ314, OMZ406, 6/26 and HW24D-1--by the phenol/water procedure, and purified by treatment with nuclease and by repeated ultracentrifugation. These LPS were composed of hexoses, hexosamines, fatty acids, phosphorus and phosphorylated 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO). The major components of the lipid portion of these LPS were hexadecanoic, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic, branched 3-hydroxypentadecanoic and branched 3-hydroxyheptadecanoic acids. All the LPS preparations induced marked mitogenic and in vitro polyclonal B cell activation responses in spleen cells from both C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice, exhibited no definitive preparatory activity in the local Shwartzman reaction in rabbits, but were active in the chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) raised against the LPS from B. gingivalis strain 6/26 reacted with LPS from all other B. gingivalis strains tested. Other mAbs raised against LPS from B. gingivalis strains 381 and 6/26 reacted with the LPS from strains 381, ATCC 33277, BH18/10 and 6/26 (these strains were termed LPS serogroup I), as revealed by ELISA and immunodiffusion. The LPS from these strains except for 6/26 showed almost identical patterns in SDS-PAGE stained with ammoniacal silver. A mAb raised against the LPS from B. gingivalis HW24D-1 reacted with the LPS from strains OMZ314, HW24D-1 and OMZ409 (LPS serogroup II). These LPS, except OMZ409, exhibited very similar profiles in SDS-PAGE. These results indicate that there are at least two different antigenic groups present among LPS from B. gingivalis strains, as well as a common, species-specific antigen.
Study on hydrogen and hydrogen-carriers production during rubbery wastes cracking (2016)

There is much interest in producing hydrogen from various materials, including rubbery wastes to help in the fulfilment of the predicted hydrogen economy of the future. In this paper thermal and catalyzed cracking processes have been investigated for their suitability in producing gaseous compounds during thermochemical decomposition of polymer-based materials. Hydrogen and hydrogen-carriers production through rubbery wastes cracking was carried out into a laboratory bench scale installation using a fixed bed reaction system. Experiments were conducted at 500 °C with a catalyst/waste ratio of 1/30. Catalysts influences on rubber decomposition were characterized using a variety of methods, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that the gas yield varied from 17 to 31 wt.% with addition of different catalysts. The potential of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> production was significantly increased from 14 to 32 wt.% by using MgO-based catalytic bed. Moreover, it was found that the higher heating value (HHV) of gases varied from 10 to 44 MJ/Nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , and the use of catalysts led to an increasing HHV especially in the first stage of cracking (250-350°C). This work highlights the evolution of hydrogen and hydrogen-carriers during thermal and catalyzed cracking, too.