gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 6-bit segmented RZ DAC architecture with up to 50-GHz sampling clock and 4 V<inf>pp</inf> differential swing (2012)

A novel, distributed, return-to-zero (RZ) power digital-to-analog converter (DAC) architecture is presented. The circuit features 14 independent data bits - 7 for the 3 most significant bits (MSB) and 7 for the 3 least significant bits (LSB) - each running at up to 50 Gb/s. It is fabricated in a production 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology and operates as a large swing arbitrary waveform generator suitable for a variety of wireline, fiber optic, and instrumentation applications. The measured small signal differential gain and bandwidth of the clock path are 19 dB and 43 GHz, respectively. An output swing of 2 V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</inf> per side is observed. Spectral measurements demonstrate multi-bit modulation at carrier frequencies as high as 50 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this marks the highest clock frequency, highest voltage swing 6-bit DAC.
Chicken Vigilin Gene organization and expression pattern (1992)

Chicken vigilin was identified as a member of an evolutionary-conserved protein family with a unique repetitive domain structure. 14 tandemly repeated domains are found in chicken vigilin, all of which consist of a conserved sequence motif (subdomain A) and a potential alpha-helical region (subdomain B) [1]. We have established the physical structure of the chicken vigilin gene by restriction-fragment analysis and DNA sequencing of overlapping clones isolated from a phage lambda genomic DNA library. The chicken vigilin gene is a single-copy gene with a total of 27 exons which are distributed over a region of some 22 kbp. Exon 1 codes for a portion of the 5' untranslated region, exon 2 contains the translation start point and forms, along with exons 3 and 4, the N-terminal non-domain region. Exons 5-25 encode the vigilin domains 1-14 and the remaining exons 26 and 27 contain the non-domain C-terminal as well as the untranslated regions. The domain structure of the protein is reflected in the positioning of introns which demarcate individual domains. While domains 1-3 and 8-10 are each encoded by a single exon (5-7, 16-18); all other domains are contained in a set of two exons which are separated by introns interspersed at variable positions of the DNA segment coding for the conserved sequence motif. In conclusion, the data presented suggest that the chicken vigilin gene evolved by amplification of a primordial exon unit coding for the fundamental bipartite vigilin domain.
Understanding Dynamical Systems in High-Dimensional Parameter Spaces (Final Report) (2018)

In the last few decades, computational models, especially of the complex dynamical systems of greatest interest, i.e., climate, high energy density science, combustion, etc. have become increasingly accurate and sophisticated. Consequently, they are now routinely used to predict outcomes of experiments or to inform design decisions. However, many such simulations depend on a (large) number of parameters in order to, for example, approximate physical phenom whose exact solution is unknown or describe material properties in situations with little or no experimental data. Choosing these parameters and understanding how the outcomes of such a simulation changes with respect to the inputs are rapidly becoming some of the primary challenges in many application areas. Simulations have long been too complex for humans to fully comprehend and thus are often treated as black-box systems. The inputs to the systems are typically a collection of parameters with expert-selected ranges, and the outputs are various quantities of interest (QoIs) describing the performance of the system. Therefore, the fundamental challenge can be described as one of understanding a high-dimensional (many input parameters), multi-variate (many QoIs) function. Unfortunately, existing analysis tools are only of limited use for this task as most techniques can neither deal with many input dimensions nor offer opportunities to jointly study several QoIs. Furthermore, data analysis has long relied on an exploratory process in which scientist first visualize the available data, for example, using scatter plots or 3D renderings, form new hypotheses on some phenomena of interest, and subsequently test these hypotheses using dedicated analysis or statistics approaches. However, for high-dimensional functions this exploration is difficult if not impossible using existing tools as there are too many QoIs to simultaneously observe, and visualizations of high-dimensional spaces are abstract and difficult to understand if they exist at all. The goal of this project is to build new analysis techniques and tool that offer high level insights for exploring high-dimensional scientific data. And to extend existing approach beyond single scalar functions and instead consider multiple QoIs simultaneously.
[Tracheobronchial healing after lung and heart-lung transplantations. Apropos of 64 anastomoses]. (1994)

The authors report an analysis concerning the healing of tracheo-bronchial anastomoses after lung- and heart-lung transplantation. The present study includes 64 anastomoses selected from a total of 80 cases. Sixteen had to be excluded because of early post-operative death; none of these deaths was related to an air-way complication. Bronchial healing was assessed by bronchoscopic follow-up; the appearance of the suture-line was classified according to Couraud's grades. The initial reference was the examination at 2 weeks, which was compared to subsequent follow-up. At the initial assessment, 42 anastomoses were grade 1, 4 were grade II, and 18 were grade III. The subsequent anatomic result was satisfactory for 52 sutures (81%). The complications were malacia in 2 cases, stenoses treated with a stenting device in 4 cases, dehiscence in 6 cases. The duration of ischemia and postoperative mechanical respiratory support, as well as the proximal or distal site of the anastomosis appeared to be of significant prognostic value.
Low temperature dissolution flowsheet for plutonium metal (2016)

The H-Canyon flowsheet used to dissolve Pu metal for PuO2 production utilizes boiling HNO3. SRNL was requested to develop a complementary dissolution flowsheet at two reduced temperature ranges. The dissolution and H2 generation rates of Pu metal were investigated using a dissolving solution at ambient temperature (20-30 °C) and for an intermediate temperature of 50-60 °C. Additionally, the testing included an investigation of the dissolution rates and characterization of the off-gas generated from the ambient temperature dissolution of carbon steel cans and the nylon bags that contain the Pu metal when charged to the dissolver.
SAMBA: A novel method for fast automatic model building in nonlinear mixed‐effects models (2022)

The success of correctly identifying all the components of a nonlinear mixed-effects model is far from straightforward: it is a question of finding the best structural model, determining the type of relationship between covariates and individual parameters, detecting possible correlations between random effects, or also modeling residual errors. We present the Stochastic Approximation for Model Building Algorithm (SAMBA) procedure and show how this algorithm can be used to speed up this process of model building by identifying at each step how best to improve some of the model components. The principle of this algorithm basically consists in "learning something" about the "best model," even when a "poor model" is used to fit the data. A comparison study of the SAMBA procedure with Stepwise Covariate Modeling (SCM) and COnditional Sampling use for Stepwise Approach (COSSAC) show similar performances on several real data examples but with a much reduced computing time. This algorithm is now implemented in Monolix and in the R package Rsmlx.
Rare earth elements in synthetic zircon: Part 1. Synthesis, and rare earth element and phosphorus doping (2001)

Zircon crystals were grown from a Li-Mo flux (7.5 mol% Li2MoO4; 86.5 mol% MoO3) to which equal molar proportions ZrO2 and Li2SiO3 were added (3 mol% each). The crystals were initially grown undoped, but later Dy was added to the flux without any other charge-compensating species. With Dy and P added, in equal molar proportions, the zircon crystals incorporated 1.37 mol% (6.99 wt%) Dy and 1.36 mol% (1.33 wt%) P, a factor of 5.3 increase in Dy over the crystals grown without P intentionally added to the flux. The other P+REE-doped zircon crystals displayed an approximately 1000-fold increase in REE and P from La through Lu, a result of decreasing ionic radii. The incorporation of P5+ allowed, in a general sense, the xenotime-type coupled substitution of (REE3+, Y3+) + P5+ = Zr4+ + Si4+. From La to Nd, however, P exceeds REE, from Sm to Gd, the REE are generally equal to P, and from Tb to Lu the REE exceed P. The Y- and P-doped zircon behaved more like middle-REE (MREE)-doped zircon than heavy-REE (HREE)-doped zircon crystals in their ability to incorporate Y (and P) and to maintain charge neutrality. To investigate the incorporation of Dy with no P added to the flux, the P to LREE excess, and the HREE to P excess in the doped zircon, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses were completed on selected crystals. In the Dydoped crystals, the SIMS analyses revealed minor amounts of P, Li, and Mo in the crystals. These elements contributed to charge balance required by the excess Dy. In REE- and P-doped zircon, the SIMS analyses detected Li and Mo, and the Li and Mo may also provide charge balance for excess REE in the HREE+P-doped crystals.
Insulator-metal transition and magnetoresistance of La0.5Ca0.5MnO3-y Induced by Tuning the Oxygen content (2002)

The oxygen content of La0.5Ca0.5MnOy was tuned by annealing the samples at high temperatures in flowing nitrogen with graphite powder nearby. The reduction of oxygen content has dramatic effect on the electrical transport and magnetic properties. The samples with y=2.983, 2.83, and 2.803 show an insulator-metal transition, and an unusual temperature and magnetic-field dependence of the magnetoresistance. The paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition also shifts to lower temperatures and the antiferromagnetic transition at lower temperature is suppressed. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of oxygen vacancies on the various properties of La0.5Ca0.5MnOy. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
The Changing Pattern of HIV Neuropathology in the HAART Era (2003)

Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), which has been available for most AIDS patients in France since 1996, has resulted in a dramatic improvement of the progression of the disease. From the survey of our series of 343 brains with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from patients who died between 1985 and 2002, we found both quantitative and qualitative changes in the pattern of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) neuropathology. Quantitatively, despite a dramatic decrease in the number of autopsies, brain involvement remained a major cause of death. There was an overall decrease in incidence of cerebral toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus encephalitis (CMVE), and HIV encephalitis (HIVE), for which successful treatment is available. This contrasted with the unchanged incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas (MNHL). However, when looking closer at the 3 last years, the incidence of diseases affecting patients with severe immunodepression (CMVE, PML, and MNHL) decreased between 2000 and 2002, whereas infections occurring in patients with milder immunodeficiency, toxoplasmosis, varicella-zoster encephalitis (VZVE), or herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) became more frequent. In addition, we found uncommon types of brain infection such as BK virus encephalitis or general paresis. Finally, we described new variants of HIVE: severe leukoencephalopathy with intense perivascular macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration, possibly due to an exaggerated response from a newly reconstituted immune system, and chronic "burnt out" forms of HIVE as VZVE, toxoplasmosis, or PML, possibly associated with prolonged survival, in which neither inflammation nor organisms could be detected. These findings are compared with those reported in other neuropathological studies from different developed countries.
Green's Functions of the Boltzmann Transport Equation with the Full Scattering Matrix for Phonon Nanoscale Transport beyond the Relaxation Time Approximation (2017)

The phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) has been widely utilized to study thermal transport in solids. While for a number of materials the exact solution to the BTE has been obtained for a uniform heat flow, problems arising in micro/nanoscale heat transport have been analyzed within the relaxation time approximation (RTA). Since the RTA breaks down at temperatures low compared to the Debye temperature, this approximation prevents the study of an important class of high Debye temperature materials such as diamond, graphite, graphene and some other 2D materials. We present a full scattering matrix formalism that goes beyond the RTA approximation and obtain a Green's function solution for the linearized BTE, which leads to an explicit expression for the phonon distribution and temperature field produced by an arbitrary spatio-temporal distribution of heat sources in an unbounded medium. The presented formalism is capable of describing a wide range of phenomena, from heat dissipation by nanoscale hot spots to the propagation of second sound waves. We provide numerical results for graphene for a spatially sinusoidal heating profile and discuss the importance of using the full scattering matrix compared to the RTA.
Biochemistry of Exercise IX (1997)

Biochemistry of Exercise IX Ronald J. Maughan and Susan M. Shirreffs, Editors This book contains 46 manuscripts prepared by the participants in the plenary sessions and symposia from the Ninth International Biochemistry of Exercise Conference, held in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1994. The chapters are organized into 12 different major topics, each containing articles written by leading scientists. The previous eight International Biochemistry of Exercise Conferences produced books similar in style and purpose. While no single book could examine all areas of interest in the field of exercise biochemistry,Biochemistry of Exercise IX does a reasonable job of providing pertinent reviews of many timely topics. These include creatine supplementation and fatigue, exercise and free radicals, the effects of exercise on the immune system, use of molecular biology to study exercise adaptation, and the relationship of bone metabolism with exercise. Not surprisingly, carbohydrate metabolism and/or fat metabolism are the basis for nearly one-third of the chapters. Although the content of the chapters is technical in nature, the book is user friendly and targets a broad audience of scientists and students with a knowledge and interest in the interaction of exercise biochemistry and physiology. The scientific depth of the papers is such that they are unlikely to provide a researcher with new information in his/her specialty. However, the book is written in a format that allows an individual the opportunity to keep current in an area outside of his/her research specialty. Topics covered use findings not only from human models, but also from whole animal andin vitro studies when appropriate. The majority of the chapters are well organized and include tables and figures to assist in the review of the current information. Additionally, a moderate list of current references is in the bibliography following each chapter. Biochemistry of Exercise IX is not without limitations. A few of the chapters are shallow and provide only fundamental information that would more appropriately be contained in most undergraduate textbooks and not in a text for scientists and educators searching for a reference with current technical, detailed reports. In addition, not all manuscripts provide an adequate abstract or summary for a reader to obtain a brief review of the article. Overall the book has many strengths, including its technical presentation of a wide variety of fitting topics aimed at a large number of scientists in the professional area. Primarily because of the diversity of the book, Biochemistry of Exercise IX would be a valuable addition to the library of scientists and students interested in the field of exercise biochemistry.
A sampling FM wide-band demodulator useful for laser Doppler velocimeters (1972)

A sampling FM demodulator of large bandwidth, consisting of a swept filter and an oscilloscope, is described. The sampled FM function is reconstructed and displayed on an oscilloscope. For a detection bandwidth of 100 MHz and a spectral resolution of 3 MHz (3 percent) the temporal resolution is as high as dv/dt = 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> = 100 MHz/µs in the case of a periodic modulation signal (e.g., flow oscillations). Measurements at an SNR as low as -40 dB, referred to the detection bandwidth, are still possible. Transient FM's can be investigated at a reduced temporal resolution of dv/dt = 3 MHz/µs. The system transfer characteristic is linear to better than 0.5 percent over the whole range and is not affected by the random AM of the Doppler signal. A theoretical analysis and experimental investigations of the system and its application are given.
Serotonergic Approaches in Parkinson’s Disease: Translational Perspectives, an Update (2017)

Parkinson's disease (PD) has long been seen as a disorder caused by degeneration of the dopaminergic system, leading to the classic motor manifestations of the disease. However, there is now overwhelming evidence that PD is more than a disease merely caused by dopamine depletion. It is well-known that a myriad of other neurotransmitters are affected by the disease process. One such neurotransmitter is serotonin (5-HT). 5-HT has been shown to play a role in several motor and nonmotor manifestations of PD, including tremor, cognition, depression and psychosis. 5-HT also seems to play a critical role in L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia. A breadth of preclinical studies and clinical trials have been conducted that aimed at modulating the 5-HT system in order to alleviate depression, cognitive deficits, psychosis, and dyskinesia. In this Review, we summarize recent advances in the 5-HT field in PD, but with a translational emphasis. We start by presenting a novel nonhuman primate model of PD that presents with dual dopamine and 5-HT lesions. We then present preclinical and clinical data that introduce new concepts, such as the use of biased and partial agonists, as well as molecules recently introduced to the field of PD, such as eltoprazine, pimavanserin, nelotanserin, and SYN-120, to enhance therapeutic benefit while minimizing adverse events, notably on parkinsonian disability.
Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Solid Waste (2011)

In this paper, results of further work on pyrolysis processing of mixed solid wastes for spacecraft applications are reported. A domestic microwave oven was modified for scoping studies in which the effects of sample size and the use of distributed versus central microwave absorbers were studied. Experiments were done with wheat straw and included those in which the sample was rotated during pyrolysis in order to improve heating uniformity. The experiments using central microwave absorbers of various compositions included a ferrite rod, a quartz tube filled with activated carbon, and silicon carbide. The ability to monitor the sample temperature and sample heating uniformity during microwave heating was demonstrated. A comparison was made with conventional pyrolysis experiments in an electrically heated furnace to a similar final temperature. In general, it was found that microwave heating reduced the energy demand by about 50% and increased the yield of gas products by about 100%, while reducing the char yield about 20%.
Regioselective Polymethylation of α-(1 → 4)-Linked Mannopyranose Oligosaccharides (2013)

An approach has been developed of the regioselective methylation of α-(1 → 4)-linked mannopyranose oligosaccharides via a four-step methodology. The key reaction involved n-Bu2SnCl2-mediated activation of cis-diols. By tuning protecting groups on the substrates, multiple cis-diols in the substrates were functionalized in a consistent and regioselective manner. Using optimized substrates and reaction conditions, regioselective methylation of di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharide substrates proceeded in isolated yields per cis-diol of 95, 88 and 79%, respectively. The methodology was also applied to functionalize trans-diols in α-cyclodextrin.
Design and Demonstration of an Electronically Scanned Reflectarray Antenna at 100 GHz Using Multiresonant Cells Based on Liquid Crystals (2015)

The design, fabrication, and measured results are presented for a reconligurable reflectarray antenna based on liquid crystals (LCs) which operates above 100 GHz. The antenna has been designed to provide beam scanning capabilities over a wide angular range, a large bandwidth, and reduced side-lobe level (SLL). Measured radiation patterns are in good agreement with simulations, and show that the antenna generates an electronically steerable beam in one plane over an angular range of 55° in the frequency band from 96 to 104 GHz. The SLL is lower than -13 dB for all the scan angles and -18 dB is obtained over 16% of the scan range. The measured performance is significantly better than previously published results for this class of electronically tunable antenna, and moreover, verifies the accuracy of the proposed procedure for LC modeling and antenna design.
Overview of Post Cohen‐Boyer Methods for Single Segment Cloning and for Multisegment DNA Assembly (2016)

In 1973, Cohen and coworkers published a foundational paper describing the cloning of DNA fragments into plasmid vectors. In it, they used DNA segments made by digestion with restriction enzymes and joined these in vitro with DNA ligase. These methods established working recombinant DNA technology and enabled the immediate start of the biotechnology industry. Since then, "classical" recombinant DNA technology using restriction enzymes and DNA ligase has matured. At the same time, researchers have developed numerous ways to generate large, complex, multisegment DNA constructions that offer advantages over classical techniques. Here, we provide an overview of "post-Cohen-Boyer" techniques used for cloning single segments into vectors (T/A, Topo cloning, Gateway and Recombineering) and for multisegment DNA assembly (BioBricks, Golden Gate, Gibson, yeast homologous recombination in vivo, and ligase cycling reaction). We compare and contrast these methods and also discuss issues that researchers should consider before choosing a particular multisegment DNA assembly method. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generating 'fast QR' algorithms using signal flow graph techniques (2002)

In this paper we show how 'fast QR' algorithms can be derived using signal flow graph (SFG) manipulation. Such SFG based derivations are believed to be much more accessible than the standard highly mathematical formula manipulation based derivations that can be found in literature. Furthermore, it is believed that insight into the algorithmic structure afforded by this graphical representation will allow other novel variants to be constructed.