gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Cancer Stem Cell Candidates of Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma (2007)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most debilitating malignancies in humans with median survival times after treatment being less than 12 months. For the improvement of survivals, development of appropriate animal models which biologically mimic the human lesion is urgently required. Recent studies indicated that biological characteristics of tumor is dependent on cells in which a tumor grows, termed cancer stem cells. Although the data have been provided to support this theory in human tumors of blood, brain, and breast cancers, the identity of pancreatic cancer stem cells has not been determined. Although, pancreas ductal carcinomas were induced by induction of activated K-ras gene into the precursor gene in mouse, the responsible cells are not directly indicated. We conducted the study to determine if targeted activation of a human oncogenic-ras transgene in rat fully developed pancreas cell would induce carcinomas correspondent to human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Thus, transgenic (Hras250) rats in which expression of a human Ha-rasG12V oncogene is regulated by the Cre/lox system is established. Targeted pancreatic activation of the transgene was accomplished by injection of Cre carrying adenovirus into the pancreatic ducts and acini through the common bile duct. Adenoviral infection of injected animals was exclusive to the pancreas; infected cells could be identified in duct, intercalated duct, centroacinar, and, less frequently, acinar cells, but not in endocrine islet cells. Four weeks after injection, proliferative lesions were exclusively observed in the duct epithelium, intercalated ducts, and centroacinar cells, but not acinar cells. Most lesions, including atypical duct proliferative lesions, PanIN-like lesions, and carcinomas, were positive for cyokeratins 19 and 7, cyclooxigenase 2, and MMP-7 but negative for amylase and chymotrypsin. Many adenocarcinoma lesions were positive for EGF and EGFR. Duct epithelial and atypical duct proliferative lesions and carcinoma lesions were all positive for transduced Ha-rasG12V oncogene expression. This model exhibits close similarities to the human lesions and promises to advance our understanding of biological characteristics of pancreas adenocarcinomas. Results indicate that pancreatic duct epithelium, intercalated duct cells and centroacinar cells are possible candidate of cancer stem cells pancreas duct carcinomas.
Polarization-selective polymerization in a photo-crosslinking monomer film (2014)

The molecular order in a smectic monomer is utilized to create a photoreactive material that is highly polarization-selective during its photo-crosslinking polymerization.
Lower Bounds on the State Complexity of Linear Tail-Biting Trellises (2004)

Lower bounds on the state complexity of linear tail-biting trellises are presented. One bound generalizes the total-span bound, while another bound can be regarded as a generalization of the cut-set bound. It is shown by examples that the new bounds may be tighter than any of the existing lower bounds.
Blue Light Emission from a Fluorene‐Carbazole‐Fluorene Trimer Incorporated as the Side Chain into a Polynorbornene (2004)

Abstract Summary: A well defined blue electroluminescent fluorene‐carbazol‐fluorene trimer 3,6‐bis‐(9,9‐dihexyl‐9 H ‐fluoren‐3‐yl)‐9‐alkyl‐9 H ‐carbazole was synthesized using a Suzuki type cross coupling reaction as the key step. A way to attach this chromophore to a norbornene was developed and the resulting electroactive monomer was polymerised using the “3 rd generation Grubbs catalyst” ( N , N ‐bis(mesityl) 4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene)(3‐bromo‐pyridine) 2 (Cl) 2 RuCHPh), yielding an amorphous polymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution, which was used to build a light‐emitting diode exhibiting electroluminescence peaking at 410 nm. Incorporation of the fluorene‐carbazol‐fluorene trimer as the emissive layer in an ITO/PEDOT:PSS/emitter/Ca/Al light emitting device. magnified image Incorporation of the fluorene‐carbazol‐fluorene trimer as the emissive layer in an ITO/PEDOT:PSS/emitter/Ca/Al light emitting device.
Evaluating thermal performance of a PTFE-faced tilting pad thrust bearing (2002)

This paper compares and analyses operating characteristics of equalizing tilting pad thrust bearings with babbitt and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite facings. Each bearing arrangement incl ...
Genetics in microphthalmia (2016)

Summary Congenital malformations of the eye comprise a wide spectrum of developmental defects. Anophthalmia‐microphthalmia (AM) is the most severe end of these conditions. The different ocular malformations are thought to be part of an overlapping spectrum of embryonic developmental defects. Phenotypic overlap is emphasized by molecular results demonstrating that the same genes may lead to variable defects. We aimed at delineating the molecular bases of AM in order to improve knowledge on eye development as well as patient care. We follow one of the largest cohort of ocular developmental defects cases with extensive clinical and genetic analyses and report here extensive genetics analysis delineating a valuable genetic epidemiology of AM triggering genes. To date a genetic cause is identified in less than half of the patients suffering AM. The most likely explanation for this is that only a small proportion of causative genes have been identified. That is, we report here the strategy used to identify novel AM genes among rare and mainly sporadic patients. This led highlighting the malformation spectrum of already known genes and delineating original pathways respectively involved in retinoic acid metabolism and Sonic Hedgehog signalling.
Dual-Mode Ultrasonic Apparatus for Measuring Compressional and Shear Wave Velocities of Rock Samples (1970)

An ultrasonic apparatus and accUiate experimental techniques have been developed for measuring consecutively the bulk velocity of plane compressional and shear waves in samples of porous solid material. The apparatus was developed primarily to study the elastic behavior of rock samples recovered from well bores in the earth as deep as 7800 meters. Appropriate conditions of triaxial st(ess in the range 0-25 000 lbf/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (172 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> N/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), fluid saturation, and temperature are imposed on the sample to simulate the surroundings of the parent rock in situ. In the apparatus, two electromechanical transducer cells operating in the frequency range 0.25-5 MHz are placed in direct contact with each end of the sample. Phase-coherent tone-burst pulses are used. The cells contain two sets of piezoelectric ceramic disks. One set generates and detects compressional waves, and the other set serves as the soUice and detector for shear waves, which form by mode conversion at an oil-aluminum interface. The mechanical ·design of the apparatus is based upon sound principles of geometrical acoustics. This method has substantial advantages over existing ones for testing rocks because it has greater accuracy and a shorter testing time. Transit times through nondispersive rocks can be measUied with a resolution of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> second. The time formerly required for making separate measurements of compressional and shear wave velocities has been reduced by one half. Velocities and elastic moduli are reported for aluminum, Solenhofen limestone, and Boise sandstone samples under stress.
Änderung der Fe‐Konfiguration in chiralen Halbsandwichkomplexen im Lösungsmittelkäfig (2011)

Konfigurationsänderung vor Ligandenaustausch! Das ist das Ergebnis von Kreuzungsversuchen mit chiralen Halbsandwichkomplexen [Cp′Fe(Prophos)NCR]X (Cp′=C5H5, MeC5H4; X=I, PF6), in denen Konfigurationswechsel am Metallatom und RCN-Ligandenaustausch miteinander konkurrieren. Dieser Käfigeffekt darf bei der Diskussion von Dissoziationsprozessen nicht vernachlässigt werden.
Losartan reduces the costs of diabetic end‐stage renal disease: An Asian perspective (2005)

Treatment with losartan in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy not only reduced the incidence of ESRD among Asian patients, but resulted in direct medical cost savings in countries or regions representing Asia.
Reversible Myocardial Oedema Due to Acute Myocardial Infarction as Differential Diagnosis of Cardiac Transthyretin Amyloidosis (2020)

Using bone-avid radiotracers, cardiac transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis can be diagnosed by scintigraphy, thus obviating endomyocardial biopsy. Radiotracer accumulation, however, may also be due to other causes. A 68-year-old male with acute myocardial infarction underwent recanalization of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Postinterventionally, transthoracic echocardiography showed hypokinesia of the septum and anterior wall and a thickened myocardium with granular sparkling appearance. Cardiac amyloidosis was suspected. A 99mTc-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid whole-body scan 4 days after LAD recanalization showed Perugini 2 myocardial tracer uptake. Monoclonal gammopathy was excluded, and cardiac TTR amyloidosis was diagnosed. Three months later, 99m-Tc-hydroxydiphosphate scan showed no myocardial tracer uptake. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed late gadolinium enhancement within the LAD supply area. No mutation of the TTR gene was found. Suspicion of amyloidosis should consider not only echocardiography but also history and clinical findings. Myocardial oedema due to reperfusion should be acknowledged as a differential diagnosis for cardiac uptake of bone-avid radiotracers.
Healing following surgical non‐surgical treatment of periodontal disease (1982)

Abstract A clinical trial was undertaken to study the effect of one surgical and one non‐surgical treatment modality in patients with advanced periodontal disease. Fifteen patients were selected for the study. Following a Baseline examination comprising assessments of oral hygiene status, gingival conditions, probing depths and attachment levels, all participants were subjected to treatment. In each patient, scaling and root planing were carried out in conjunction with the modified Widman flap procedure in two jaw quadrants while in the contralateral quadrants the treatment was restricted to scaling and root planing. During the phase of active treatment, i.e. the period between the first and last operation, and for the subsequent 6 months of healing, the patients were subjected to “professional toothcleaning” once every 2 weeks. From this time until the end of the trial which was 24 months after active treatment, the patients were recalled for prophylaxis once every 3 months. Reexaminations were performed 6, 12 and 24 months after the completion of active treatment. The results demonstrated that scaling and root planing used alone were almost equally effective as their use in combination with the modified Widman flap procedure in establishing clinically healthy gingiva and in preventing further loss of attachment. Both treatment modalities prevented recurrence of periodontal disease for the 24 months of observation. The analysis of the probing depth data revealed that both methods of treatment resulted in a high frequency of probing depths of &lt;4 mm. The probing depth reduction was more pronounced in initially deep than in initially shallow pockets and, for initially deep pockets, more marked in sites subjected to surgery than in sites exposed to scaling and root planing alone. The measurements also showed that sites with initially deep pockets exhibited more pronounced gain of clinical attachment than sites with initially shallow pockets. Significant loss of attachment did not occur in sites treated with scaling and root planing alone while attachment loss was found following Widman flap surgery in sites with initial probing depth of &lt;4 mm.
Fluid Stretching and Folding in 3D Porous Bead-Packs (2023)

The image shows the deformation of a fluorescent dye (color scale indicates concentration of fluorescein) while advected by a viscous fluid (glycerine and water) through a 3D random bead-pack (blue disks).
On the extraction of DC sequence from MPEG compressed video (2002)

Reduced images formed from the collection of DC coefficients in intra-coded DCT compressed video retain a "global" feature which is useful for processing purposes. This paper examines the direct reconstruction of such DC images from motion-compensated P-frames and B-frames of MPEG compressed video. Exact expressions are derived and approximations are given for the computational speedup. The analysis and experimental results show that the approximations yield images that are very close to the true ones.
Sub millimeter resolution GPR (2013)

This paper presents some measurements and conclusions from a very high frequency impulse GPR. With a frequency range from 2 to 8GHz, sub millimeter resolution is obtained. Typical applications are surface height measurements, delamination detection and thin layer pavement measurements.
Basic Principles of Pharmacokinetics (1995)

Pharmacokinetics may be defined as what the body does to a drug. It deals with the absorption, distribution, and elimination of drugs but also has utility in evaluating the time course of environmental (exogenous) toxicologic agents as well as endogenous compounds. An understanding of 4 fundamental pharmacokinetic parameters will give the toxicologic pathologist a strong basis from which to appreciate how pharmacokinetics may be useful. These parameters are clearance, volume of distribution, half-life, and bioavailability.
Use of neural networks in modeling relations between exposure energy and pattern dimension in photolithography process [MOS ICs] (1996)

The photolithography process is one of the most complex operations in semiconductor production. Exposure energy definition is particularly critical because it strongly affects the operation results. Very complex links exist between exposure energy, pattern critical dimensions, photo resist thickness, and resistivity. At present, the wafer test experimental procedure is used in order to define suitable exposure energy. With the aim of finding a less expensive control criterion of exposure operation in the photolithography process, a neural network has been developed that is able to model the relation between exposure energy and pattern dimensions measured in different positions on the wafer. As a result, the neural network model developed has been found to perform as well as the very expensive test wafer procedure and constitutes a good alternative to this one, allowing for a remarkable cost reduction.
Temporal fossa defects: techniques for injecting hyaluronic acid filler and complications after hyaluronic acid filler injection (2015)

Facial changes with aging include thinning of the epidermis, loss of skin elasticity, atrophy of muscle, and subcutaneous fat and bony changes, all which result in a loss of volume. As temporal bones become more concave, and the temporalis atrophies and the temporal fat pad decreases, volume loss leads to an undesirable, gaunt appearance. By altering the temporal fossa and upper face with hyaluronic acid filler, those whose specialty is injecting filler can achieve a balanced and more youthful facial structure. Many techniques have been described to inject filler into the fossa including a "fanned" pattern of injections, highly diluted filler injection, and the method we describe using a three-injection approach. Complications of filler in the temporal fossa include bruising, tenderness, swelling, Tyndall effect, overcorrection, and chewing discomfort. Although rare, more serious complications include infection, foreign body granuloma, intravascular necrosis, and blindness due to embolization into the ophthalmic artery. Using reversible hyaluronic acid fillers, hyaluronidase can be used to relieve any discomfort felt by the patient. Injectors must be aware of the complications that may occur and provide treatment readily to avoid morbidities associated with filler injection into this sensitive area.
Investigation of impact ionization from InxGa1-xAs to InAs Channel HEMTs for high speed and low power applications (2008)

80-nm high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with different indium content in In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> As channel from 52%, 70% to 100% have been fabricated. Device performance degradation were observed on the DC measurement and RF characteristics caused by impact ionization at different drain bias, >0.8 V (InAs/In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sub> As), >1 V (In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sub> As) and >1.5 V (In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.52</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.48</sub> As), respectively. The impact ionization phenomenon should be avoided for high speed, low power application because it limits the highest drain bias of the device which in turn limits the drift velocity under specific applied electric field.
Photovoltaic Properties of Multiferroic BiFeO 3 /BiCrO 3 Heterostructures (2014)

We report a power conversion efficiency of ~0.01% in multistacking of BiFeO 3 /BiCrO 3 bilayer thin films used as active layers in a photovoltaic ( PV ) device. The films were epitaxially deposited by pulse laser deposition onto (100) oriented CaRuO 3 ‐coated LaAlO 3 substrates and were subsequently illuminated with 1 sun (AM 1.5). The fill factor is determined to be 0.31%, a remarkable value for ferroelectric‐ and multiferroic‐based PV devices. Our results demonstrate that photocurrent density and photovoltage can be tuned by varying the thickness and number of respective bilayers in the improvement of PV properties of multiferroic heterostructures. The maximum photocurrent is generated at an optimal multilayer thickness of 60 nm, with its origin being mainly ascribed to the contribution of ferroelectric polarization.
Terahertz transmissive half-wave metasurface with enhanced bandwidth (2021)

Polarization conversion is useful for studies of chiral structures in biology and chemistry, and for polarization diversity in communications. It is conventionally realized with wave plates, which, however, present challenges due to limited material availability, as well as narrow bandwidth and low efficiency at terahertz frequencies. To enhance bandwidth and efficiency, the concept of the Huygens' metasurface is adopted here for a transmissive half-wave plate. The half-wave metasurface is designed following the optimal frequency-independent circuit parameters provided by a broadband semi-analytical approach. Simulation results of an optimal design suggest that a 15-dB extinction ratio can be sustained from 219 GHz to 334 GHz, corresponding to a fractional bandwidth of 41.6%. The measured results indicate that the fabricated structure enables a 15-dB extinction ratio from 220 GHz to 303 GHz, with a cross-polarization transmission efficiency above 76.7% for both linear and circular polarizations. This half-wave metasurface design can be readily integrated into compact terahertz systems for diverse applications.
Structure of Micelles of a Nonionic Block Copolymer Determined by SANS and SAXS (2011)

The micellar state of Pluronic P123, which is a poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b- poly(ethylene oxide) block polymer (EO(20)PO(70)EO(20)), has been investigated using SANS, SAXS, and differential scanning calorimetry under the conditions utilized in the synthesis of ordered mesoporous materials, such as SBA-15. The absolute intensity measurements, both with SANS and SAXS, have provided a detailed quantitative description of the P123 micelles in the framework of a simple core-shell spherical model. The model developed has been used to establish the structure of the copolymer micelles, including their size, shape, aggregation number and detailed composition, as well as the structural changes induced by varying reaction conditions. The effects of temperature, pH, acidic source and the addition of swelling agents (toluene and TMB) are reported and discussed.
Abstract 4484: Discovery and in vitro characterization of AMG 510–a potent and selective covalent small-molecule inhibitor of KRASG12C (2019)

Abstract Activating mutations in RAS represent the most common oncogenic driver mutation in cancer. The single amino acid substitution of cysteine for glycine at position 12 (KRASG12C) is frequently found in solid malignancies, particularly in lung adenocarcinoma (~13%), colorectal adenocarcinoma (3%), and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (~1%). Recently it has been demonstrated that KRASG12C can be targeted with covalent small molecule inhibitors which react with the mutant cysteine adjacent to the switch II pocket (SIIP), locking KRAS in its inactive GDP-bound state. We describe here the discovery and in vitro characterization of AMG 510, a covalent inhibitor of KRASG12C possessing potent biochemical and cellular activity, as well as robust in vivo efficacy. AMG 510 inhibited SOS1-catalyzed nucleotide exchange of recombinant mutant KRASG12C/C118A but had minimal effect on KRASC118A, which is wildtype at position 12. The observed rate constant (kinact/Ki) of covalent modification of KRASG12C by AMG 510 was determined biochemically by mass spectrometry as well as in the cellular context (kobs/[I]). Cysteine proteome analysis of cells treated with AMG 510 revealed that only the G12C-containing peptide of KRAS was covalently modified. AMG 510 inhibited KRAS signaling as measured by ERK phosphorylation in all KRAS p.G12C cell lines tested, but did not inhibit phosphorylation of ERK in cell lines lacking the KRAS p.G12C mutation. Cellular occupancy of KRASG12C by AMG 510 was determined by mass spectrometry and correlated well with inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. AMG 510 also selectively impaired the viability of KRAS p.G12C mutant lines. Combination treatment of AMG 510 with inhibitors of other cellular signaling pathways exhibited evidence for synergistic effects on cell viability. Treatment of KRAS p.G12C lines with covalent KRASG12C inhibitors increased the expression of HLA. To test the impact of KRASG12C inhibition on immune surveillance in vivo, we generated a syngeneic tumor cell line that is suitable for testing AMG 510 in combination with checkpoint inhibitor therapies and characterized this line in vitro. AMG 510 is currently being evaluated in a Phase I study in patients with solid tumors harboring KRAS p.G12Cmutations. Citation Format: Anne Y. Saiki, Kevin Gaida, Karen Rex, Pragathi Achanta, Tisha San Miguel, Neelima Koppada, Dhanashri Bagal, Brian A. Lanman, Robert S. Foti, John D. McCarter, Laurie P. Volak, Jude Canon, Victor J. Cee, J. Russell Lipford. Discovery and in vitro characterization of AMG 510–a potent and selective covalent small-molecule inhibitor of KRASG12C [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4484.