gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-linear Flame Oscillations in a Multi-swirl Combustor (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2063.vid Combustion oscillations in a high-pressure staged combustor with multiple nozzles employing lean direct injection have been investigated at a particular fuel split and equivalence ratio. This study aims to identify and characterize deterministic oscillation states evolving in the system. Tools for analyzing non-linear time series have been applied to the combustion data. Through the application of dynamical systems theory, the phase space trajectories of the combustion oscillations were reconstructed. Recurrence plots and phase portraits were constructed from the scalar combustion pressure measurements which were used to comprehend the oscillations states. Time-resolved OH* chemiluminescence images were phase averaged and used to correlate the flame dynamics, to the corresponding pressure dynamics of the observed oscillation states.
Airflow effects on amplitude and spectral content of normal breath sounds (1996)

Even though it is well known that breath-sound amplitude (BSA) increases with airflow, the exact quantitative relationships and their distribution within the relevant frequency range have not yet been determined. To evaluate these relationships, the spectral content of tracheal and chest wall breath sounds was measured during breath hold, inspiration, and expiration in six normal men. Average spectra were measured at six flow rates from 0.5 to 3.0 l/s. The areas under the spectral curves of the breath sounds minus the corresponding areas under the breath-hold spectra (BSA) were found to have power relationships with flow (F), best modeled as BSA = k.F alpha, where k and alpha are constants. The overall mean +/- SD value of the power (alpha) was 1.66 +/- 0.35, significantly less than the previously reported second power. Isoflow inspiratory chest wall sound amplitudes were 1.99 +/- 0.70- to 2.43 +/- 0.65-fold larger than the amplitudes of the corresponding expiratory sounds, whereas tracheal sound amplitudes were not dependent on respiratory phase. Isoflow breath sounds from the left posterior base were 32% louder than those from the right lung base (P < 0.01). BSA-F relationships were not frequency dependent during expiration but were significantly stronger in higher than in lower frequencies during inspiration over both posterior bases. These data are compatible with sound generation by turbulent flow in a bifurcating network with 1) flow separation, 2) downstream movement of eddies, and 3) collision of fast-moving cores of the inflowing air with carinas, all occurring during inspiration but not during expiration.
Water Repellent Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas (2011)

This paper demonstrates for the first time thermally induced gradual hydrophobization, monitored quantitatively by ellipsometric porosimetry, of four prototypical periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) that are tailored through materials chemistry for use as low-dielectric-constant (low k) materials in microprocessors. Theoretical aspects of this quantification are briefly discussed. A comparison of structural, mechanical, dielectric, and hydrophobic properties of ethane, methane, ethene, and 3-ring PMOs is made. Particularly, ethane, methane, and 3-ring PMOs show impressive water repellency at post-treatment temperatures as low as 350 °C, with corresponding Young's modulus values greater than 10 GPa and k values smaller than 2, a figure of merit that satisfies the technological requirements of future generation microchips.
Probing Pretrained Language Models for Lexical Semantics (2020)

The success of large pretrained language models (LMs) such as BERT and RoBERTa has sparked interest in probing their representations, in order to unveil what types of knowledge they implicitly capture. While prior research focused on morphosyntactic, semantic, and world knowledge, it remains unclear to which extent LMs also derive lexical type-level knowledge from words in context. In this work, we present a systematic empirical analysis across six typologically diverse languages and five different lexical tasks, addressing the following questions: 1) How do different lexical knowledge extraction strategies (monolingual versus multilingual source LM, out-ofcontext versus in-context encoding, inclusion of special tokens, and layer-wise averaging) impact performance? How consistent are the observed effects across tasks and languages? 2) Is lexical knowledge stored in few parameters, or is it scattered throughout the network? 3) How do these representations fare against traditional static word vectors in lexical tasks? 4) Does the lexical information emerging from independently trained monolingual LMs display latent similarities? Our main results indicate patterns and best practices that hold universally, but also point to prominent variations across languages and tasks. Moreover, we validate the claim that lower Transformer layers carry more type-level lexical knowledge, but also show that this knowledge is distributed across multiple layers.
Blockage of oncostatin M-induced LDL receptor gene transcription by a dominant-negative mutant of C/EBPβ (2006)

OM (oncostatin M) activates the human LDLR [LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor] gene transcription in HepG2 cells through the SIRE (sterol-independent regulatory element) of LDLR promoter. The SIRE sequence consists of a C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein)-binding site and a CRE (cAMP-response element). Our previous studies [Zhang, Ahlborn, Li, Kraemer and Liu (2002) J. Lipid Res. 43, 1477-1485; Zhang, Lin, Abidi, Thiel and Liu (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 44246-44254] have demonstrated that OM transiently induces EGR-1 (early growth response gene product 1) expression and EGR-1 activates LDLR transcription primarily through a protein-protein interaction with C/EBPbeta, which serves as a co-activator of EGR-1. In the present study, we examined the direct role of C/EBPbeta as a transactivator in OM-regulated LDLR gene transcription independent of EGR-1. We show that OM induces C/EBPbeta expression with kinetics slower than EGR-1 induction. A significant increase in C/EBPbeta protein level is detected by 2 h of OM treatment and remains elevated for 24 h. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that the amount of C/EBPbeta bound to the LDLR SIRE sequence is increased 2.8-fold of control by 2 h of OM treatment, reached the highest level of 8-fold by 4 h, and slowly declined thereafter. To further examine the requirement of C/EBPbeta in OM-stimulated LDLR expression, we developed a His-tagged dominant-negative mutant of C/EBPbeta (His-C/EBPbeta-P4; where P4 is plasmid 4 in our mutation series), consisting of the DNA-binding and leucine zipper domains of C/EBPbeta (amino acids 246-345). Expression of His-C/EBPbeta-P4 in HepG2 cells significantly diminishes the OM-induced increase in LDLR promoter activity and the elevation of endogenous LDLR mRNA expression. Taken together, these new findings identify C/EBPbeta as an OM-induced transactivator in LDLR gene transcription and provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the sterol-independent regulation of LDLR expression.
Development of Technological Principles for Creating a System of Microfocus X-Ray Tubes Based on Silicon Field Emission Nanocathodes (2019)

The technological prospects for the creation of a system of microfocus X-ray tubes with the use of silicon field emission of nanocathodes have been discussed. A numerical analysis of the field-emission current from a nanoscale semiconductor cathode regulated by voltage on a grid electrode has been carried out on the basis of which a scheme for controlling the elements of the matrix of field-emission cathode assemblies has been proposed. The current–voltage characteristics of silicon field emission nanocathodes have been measured. They are in good agreement with the theoretical estimates of the field-emission current. A full technological cycle of the development of elements of microfocus X-ray tubes (a set of field-emission cathode assemblies and a set of anode assemblies) has been performed. The results can be used to create systems of microfocus X-ray tubes for nanolithographic equipment of a new generation.
Electric vehicle charging: Transformer impacts and smart, decentralized solutions (2012)

This paper compares distribution transformer aging impacts resulting from plug-in electric vehicles charging under AC Level 1 versus AC Level 2 charging conditions. Additionally, we propose an algorithm for PEV smart charging and evaluate its effectiveness on transformer aging. We use a Monte Carlo simulation of a 25kVA distribution transformer, with ambient temperature data from Burlington, VT and Phoenix, AZ, to calculate transformer aging under both uncoordinated and smart charging conditions. The results indicate more substantial aging as a result of AC Level 2 charging compared to AC Level 1. Smart charging can significantly mitigate these effects. We also present a more decentralized approach to smart charging and compare two distributed automaton-based charge management strategies, which both prevent the transformer from becoming overloaded. These methods give vehicle owners the ability to select among charging priorities in an environment in which the vehicles manage their charging autonomously.
Two-photon-induced fluorescence imaging of single molecules using near-field scanning optical microscopy (2002)

Summary form only given.We report the extension of two photon excitation to near-field studies and the first observation, to our knowledge, of single molecule imaging in this geometry. The highest-resolution near field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) images have been achieved with metal-coated fibers.
A 34 MB/s MLC Write Throughput 16 Gb NAND With All Bit Line Architecture on 56 nm Technology (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A 16 Gb 4-state MLC NAND flash memory augments the sustained program throughput to 34 MB/s by fully exercising all the available cells along a selected word line and by using additional performance enhancement modes. The same chip operating as an 8 Gb SLC device guarantees over 60 MB/s programming throughput. The newly introduced All Bit Line (ABL) architecture has multiple advantages when higher performance is targeted and it was made possible by adopting the “current sensing” (as opposed to the mainstream “voltage sensing”) technique. The general chip architecture is presented in contrast to a state of the art conventional circuit and a double size data buffer is found to be necessary for the maximum parallelism attained. Further conceptual changes designed to counterbalance the area increase are presented, hierarchical column architecture being of foremost importance. Optimization of other circuits, such as the charge pump, is another example. Fast data access rate is essential, and ways of boosting it are described, including a new redundancy scheme. ABL contribution to energy saving is also acknowledged. </para>
The pressure wave propagation method for the study of interface electric field (2015)

The spatial resolution of the measurement methods used to estimate the microscopic distribution of charges in insulating materials is not sufficient to study the distribution at the interface of metals and semi-conductors. In this paper it is experimentally shown that applying the Pressure Wave Propagation (PWP) method to an aluminum sample generates a signal corresponding to the charges distribution at the interface. This result is attributed to the difference between mechanical and/or electrical properties of the coupled materials that causes a non-symmetrical response of the charges on each side of the interface. Other results with different metal and silica samples show the influence of the metal work function.
BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF PENTOXIFYLLINE ON MICROVESICULAR STEATOTIC LIVERS SUBMITTED TO A PROLONGED COLD ISCHEMIA (2003)

Diffuse microvesicular steatosis became deleterious only after long preservation times (24 hr). PTX prevented this effect.
Second-order statistics of 2D non isotropic mobile-to-mobile wireless channels (2011)

This paper derives closed form expressions for second order statistics of mobile-to-mobile wireless channels in non isotropic environments. Specifically, we consider Rice, Rayleigh and Nakagami fading channels in four different non isotropic scattering environments with Angle of Departure (AoD) and Angle of Arrival (AoA) distributions given by (i) separable Truncated Gaussian, (ii) separable von-Mises, (iii) Truncated Gaussian bivariate and (iv) Truncated Laplacian bivariate distributions. We have shown that the second order statistics, namely, the Level Crossing Rate (LCR) and the Average Fade Duration (AFD) in different fading channels can be expressed in terms of known scattering coefficients of the above angle of departure and arrival distributions. We have illustrated the usefulness of the results by plotting LCR and AFD against the channel correlation for various scattering scenarios.
Compact Thermal Failure Model for Devices Subject to Electrostatic Discharge Stresses (2015)

A leading cause of device failure under electrostatic discharge stress conditions is thermal failure. This failure occurs as a result of excessive energy dissipation which raises the temperature of the device to a critical breaking level. To predict such a physical failure at circuit level, a compact model compatible with circuit simulators is proposed. The model is derived from the fundamental heat transfer equations and is shown to accurately predict thermal failure for arbitrary electrical stress waveforms.
Robust inventory control systems (2004)

Two further developments of the inventory control strategy are studied in this paper. First we use high gain (sliding mode) adaptive control to handle the system uncertainties caused by modelling errors and unmeasured disturbances. It is proved that this control law makes the uncertain system globally stable. The parameters of the resulting controller are easy to tune. Second, inventory control was primarily developed for systems with relative degree equal to one. In this paper we develop an objective-based control strategy which allows application of the inventory control idea to systems with higher relative degree. Several simulation studies illustrate the application of the novel method.
Metagenomic investigation of the equine faecal microbiome reveals extensive taxonomic diversity (2022)

Our metagenomic analyses provide new insights into the bacterial, archaeal and bacteriophage components of the horse gut microbiome. The resulting datasets provide a key resource for future high-resolution taxonomic and functional studies on the equine gut microbiome.
The Role of Particle Composition on the Association Between PM2.5 and Mortality (2008)

This study shows that certain chemical species modify the association between PM2.5 and mortality and illustrates that mass alone is not a sufficient metric when evaluating health effects of PM exposure.
A Novel High-Voltage Bipotential CRT Gun Design (1979)

Color Picture Tube electron gun designers were faced with a new challenge when two industry-wide trends started in 1972. They were: a) the development of the self-convergence precision inline (PI) system to replace the conventional delta gun structure in 90°small size tubesl and b) the development of the large size 110°self-convergence PI system2. In both these cases, the neck diameter was reduced from 36 mm to 29 mm and the diameter of the main lens was reduced from 8.9 mm to 4.1 mm initially and 5.4 mm later, to a final 39 percent reduction (Figure 1).
An ultra-low power 0.1 μm CMOS (2002)

Ultra-low power operation of 0.1 /spl mu/m CMOS is demonstrated at power supply voltages well below 1 V. Design trade-offs among gate delay, active power, and standby power are carried out in a power supply-threshold voltage design space. Experimental results show a ring oscillator delay of 106 ps at a power supply voltage of 0.5 V, and a minimum power-delay product of 0.03 fJ/stage (switching factor=0.01) at 0.4 V. A 20X reduction in power/circuit is achieved at the same performance level as 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Teaching Italian to Primary School Children Using Cued Articulation (2003)

This section presents the author's account of teaching Italian to primary school children using Cued Articulation (CA) at St. Macartans Primary School in Mornington, Victoria.
Altered small-bowel mucosal vascular network in untreated coeliac disease (2008)

In coeliac disease, ingestion of gluten leads to altered appearance of small-bowel mucosal microvasculature. It is thus conceivable that the small-bowel mucosal vascular biology might be involved in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease.
In vivo detection of resistance to anthracycline based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancer with technetium-99m sestamibi scintimammography (2003)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is the treatment of choice in patients (pts) with locally advanced (LABC) and inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). To evaluate the role of Tc-99m sestamibi imaging in the prediction of response to NACT and in the in vivo functional detection of intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance, 24 female pts with LABC (n=21) or IBC (n=3) were prospectively studied. Tc-99m scintimammography was performed 1-3 days before treatment (first) and 2-5 days after the completion (second) of NACT (epirubicin and cyclophosphamide for LABC and doxorubicin and vinorelbine for IBC). Three planar images (2 lateral prone and one anterior supine, 10 min/each) were obtained 10 min postinjection and a lateral prone image (10 min) of the affected breast (B) was obtained at 4 h. To calculate the tumor to normal B ratio (TBR), 2 identical irregular regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn around the tumor (T) and in adjacent ipsilateral normal B on both early (E) and delayed (D) prone lateral images. The TBR was obtained as the ratio of the mean counts per pixels in the 2 ROIs. Then Tc-99m sestamibi retention index (RI) in the T was determined by dividing the D-TBR by the E-TBR. Afterwards, NACT response was assessed pathologically or clinically in inoperable disease. Scintigraphic sensitivity for correct prediction of T presence after NACT was 81% (17/21), whereas specificity for correct prediction of T absence was 100% (3/3). In LABC, 3 patients had a pathological complete response: first RI was high (>0.56) in all 3, while no T uptake was visible on the second scintigraphy. Eighteen patients did not show a pathological complete response: in 5, both first and second RI were low (</=0.56); 9 had high first RI but low second; 4 had high first RI and no T detected on the second scan. In IBC, the only patient with a clinical complete response had both first and second RI high, whereas the 2 non-responsive pts had both first and second RI low. These results indicate that Tc-99m sestamibi scintimammography can predict LABC and IBC response to NACT. The scintigraphy protocol, including 2 studies before and after NACT, is useful for detecting intrinsic and acquired chemoresistant BC in vivo, which is important for planning therapy and predicting prognosis.
Analysis of everyday sounds which are extremely annoying for children with autism (2008)

Extreme sensitivity to noise is a problem that almost all autistic children suffer from. A sound that is extremely annoying does not need to be loud. However, the characteristics and temporal variations of these sounds are sparsely investigated. The aim of this study is to increase the knowledge about these extremely annoying sounds so they can be avoided by better design criteria for classrooms and venues like that. By interviewing teachers and parents a number of everyday sounds were identified and binaurally recorded. Examples are vacuum cleaners, ventilation noise, washing machines and pouring water. Detailed psychoacoustic analyses of this type of sounds were achieved by a listening test procedure in three parts. First 16 children composed different types of vacuum cleaner sounds trying to minimize annoyance in two different tests, a) keeping original sound pressure level. b) adjusting to acceptable loudness. In the second part, teachers working with autistic children performed a listening test to evaluate some of the composed sounds from part 1 and modified versions of them. The third part was performed by children to validate the results. The results showed that Roughness, Loudness and an index defined as High frequency tonality were the most important characteristics.
Increased flicker noise with increasing Ge concentration in the virtual substrate of strained Si surface channel n-MOSFETs (2007)

Strained-Si surface channel n-MOSFETs grown on relaxed virtual substrates (see Fig.1) with a Ge concentration varying between 0% and 30% have been investigated. An increased Ge concentration results in higher carrier drift mobility, increasing from 380 cm 2 V -1 s -1 for the unstrained channel to 865 cm 2 V -1 s -1 for the strained-Si MOSFET on 30% relaxed SiGe virtual substrate. However, the higher mobility is traded off for increased substrate leakage currents and increased 1/f (flicker) noise (see fig.2). This increase in noise might negatively impact prospects for applications of this devices, and therefore, studies of the 1/f noise and its mechanism in these structures is of interest. It is suggested that the increase in the flicker noise is due to the increased concentration of traps in the oxide layer, possibly due to the diffusion of Ge into the active layer and oxide during gate oxidation, as also evidenced by measured current-voltage characteristics. The density of traps was extracted using the McWhorter model, which links the MOSFET noise to the fluctuations of the electron density caused by traps in the gate dielectric layer. This density increases from 2 10 17 eV -1 cm -3 to 2.3 10 18 eV -1 cm -3 with the increase in Ge composition in the virtual substrate from 0% to 30% Ge. These results clearly indicate the role of the Ge concentration in the substrate in determining the 1/f characteristics of the strained-Si n-MOSFETs.
Accumulation Layer (2016)

This glossary of terms covers phenomena considered under the very wide terms photocatalysis and radiation catalysis. A clear distinction is made between phenomena related to either photochemistry and photocatalysis or radiation chemistry and radiation catalysis. The term “radiation” is used here as embracing electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths, but in general excluding fast-moving particles. Consistent definitions are given of terms in the areas mentioned above, as well as definitions of the most important parameters used for the quantitative description of the phenomena. Terms related to the up-scaling of photocatalytic processes for industrial applications have been included. This Glossary should be used together with the Glossary of terms used in photochemistry, 3rd edition, IUPAC Recommendations 2006: (doi:10.1351/pac200779030293) as well as with the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the “Gold Book” 2006–; doi:10.1351/goldbook), because many terms used in photocatalysis are defined in these documents.