gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Tool to Suggest Similar Program Element Modifications (2014)

Many program tasks require continuous modification of similar program elements, which is burdensome on programmers because continuous modifications are time consuming and some modifications are easily overlooked. To resolve this issue, we developed a tool, named Similar Highlight, which extracted all possible matching elements via similarity patterns from recently modified elements using a sub syntax tree comparison. Similar Highlight suggests similar program elements that may be modified during the next modification. Potential elements are highlighted and their text can be immediately selected by shortcut keys. Evaluations indicate that Similar Highlight can improve programming productivity. Currently, Similar Highlight supports C, C#, JAVA, Java Script, and PHP, but in the future we will expand it to other languages.
Data from Height and Body Size in Childhood, Adolescence, and Young Adulthood and Breast Cancer Risk According to Molecular Subtype in the Nurses' Health Studies (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Height and body size in childhood and young adulthood have been consistently associated with breast cancer risk; whether associations differ across molecular subtypes is unclear. In a pooled analysis of the Nurses' Health Studies, we prospectively examined the association of four exposures: height, body mass index (BMI) at the age of 18 years, childhood and adolescent somatotypes, with breast cancer risk according to molecular subtypes defined by immunohistochemical markers. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We identified 2,983 luminal A, 1,281 luminal B, 318 HER2-enriched, 408 basal-like, and 128 unclassified tumors. Height was positively associated with all subtypes (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;heterogeneity&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.78). BMI at the age of 18 (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;heterogeneity&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.001), childhood (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;heterogeneity&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.51), and adolescent somatotype (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;heterogeneity&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.046) were inversely associated, but with differences in magnitude of association. BMI at the age of 18 of ≥25 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (compared with 20–21.9 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) was associated with a 52% decreased risk of HER2-enriched (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26–0.91; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;trend&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 0.0001) and 39% reduced risk of basal-like tumors (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.36–1.02; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;trend&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.008). Compared with the lowest category, women in the highest adolescent body size category were 71% less likely to develop HER2-enriched (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10–0.85; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;trend&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.0005) and 60% less likely to develop basal-like (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17–0.95; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;trend&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.0008). Height was positively associated with risk of all breast cancer molecular subtypes. BMI at 18 years and childhood and adolescent were inversely associated with risk of most breast cancer molecular subtypes with somewhat stronger associations with HER2-enriched and basal-like subtypes. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Prev Res; 9(9); 732–8. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Influencia de la psicopatología emocional y el tipo de pérdida en la intensidad de los síntomas de duelo (2015)

La pérdida de un ser querido puede dar lugar a un duelo complicado, caracterizado por intensos síntomas de anhelo, tristeza o pérdida de sentido. La identificación del duelo complicado es central para poder ofrecer tratamientos adecuados. Sin embargo, no se conoce con claridad el perfil sintomatológico, ni la influencia que tienen el tipo de pérdida en la intensidad del duelo. En este estudio descriptivo participaron un total de 68 personas que habían sufrido una pérdida, al menos seis meses antes de la evaluación. Completaron una batería de pruebas sobre intensidad del duelo y psicopatología. Los resultados señalan que todas las variables psicopatológicas mostraron altas relaciones significativas con la intensidad de síntomas de duelo. La centralidad con que se percibió la pérdida y los sentimientos de hostilidad predijeron en gran medida los valores de duelo complicado y con mayor intensidad de experiencias de duelo y de síntomas psicopatológicos. El perfil sintomatológico en duelo complicado se relaciona con un gran abanico de psicopatología. La pérdida de un hijo parece ser un importante factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de duelo complicado. The loss of a loved one may provoke complicated grief, which is characterized by intense symptoms of yearning, sadness, or loss of life meaning. Identifying those at risk of developing complicated grief is crucial to provide adequate treatment. However, little is known about the symptom profile or the influence that the type of loss may have on grief intensity. A descriptive design was carried out. A total of 68 participants that have lost a loved one due to death, at least six months ago, took part on the research. They completed a range of emotional self-report measures. All psychopathological variables showed high and significant relations with the intensity of grief. The centrality perceived and feelings of hostility predicted the score of complicated grief. Finally, the loss of a son was associated with complicated grief and with higher scores on the experiences of loss and emotional psychopathology. Symptom profile of those with complicated grief is associated with a large number of psychopathological variables, including depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. The loss of a son seems to be an important risk factor for developing complicated grief.
Identification of plasma microRNAs as new potential biomarkers with high diagnostic power in human cutaneous melanoma (2017)

Melanoma is a devastating disease with few therapeutic options in the advanced stage and with the urgent need of reliable biomarkers for early detection. In this context, circulating microRNAs are raising great interest as diagnostic biomarkers. We analyzed the expression profiles of 21 selected microRNAs in plasma samples from melanoma patients and healthy donors to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers. Data analysis was performed using global mean normalization and NormFinder algorithm. Linear regression followed by receiver operating characteristic analyses was carried out to evaluate whether selected plasma miRNAs were able to discriminate between cases and controls. We found five microRNAs that were differently expressed among cases and controls after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Specifically, miR-15b-5p, miR-149-3p, and miR-150-5p were up-regulated in plasma of melanoma patients compared with healthy controls, while miR-193a-3p and miR-524-5p were down-regulated. Receiver operating characteristic analyses of these selected microRNAs provided area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values ranging from 0.80 to 0.95. Diagnostic value of microRNAs is improved when considering the combination of miR-149-3p, miR-150-5p, and miR-193a-3p. The triple classifier had a high capacity to discriminate between melanoma patients and healthy controls, making it suitable to be used in early melanoma diagnosis.
Investigating spatial guidance for a cooperative handheld robot (2016)

In this paper we address the question of how to provide feedback information to guide users of a handheld robotic device when performing a spatial exploration task. We consider various feedback methods for communicating a five degree of freedom target pose to a user including a stereoscopic VR display, a monocular see-through AR display and a 2D screen as well as robot arm gesturing. The spatial exploration task with the handheld robot arm was compared against a baseline of a passive handheld wand. We compared the performance of each of the methods with 21 volunteers using a repeated measures ANOVA experimental design, and recorded users' opinions via a NASA Task Load Index Survey. The robot assisted reaching feedback methods significantly outperform manual reaching with the wand for all three visual feedback methods. However, there is little difference between each of the three visual feedback methods when using the robot. The completion time of the task varies with changing difficulty when using the wand but remains stable when assisted by the robot. These results convey useful information for the design of cooperative handheld robots.
Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates (2022)

Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)-even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth's surface.
Abstract 3730: Cisplatin treatment enhancement with acetaminophen in a model of human medulloblastoma in nude rats (2012)

Abstract Purpose: To determine the efficacy of cisplatin treatment when enhanced by high dose acetaminophen (APAP) and followed by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) rescue in a nude rat model of medulloblastoma. Methods: Human medulloblastoma (DAOY) cells were inoculated into the cerebellum of female athymic nude rats (rnu/rnu). On day 10, rats were randomized to treatment groups (n = 6 per group): (1) saline controls; (2) IP cisplatin 2 mg/kg; (3) PO APAP 600 mg/kg + IP cisplatin; and (4) APAP + cisplatin + NAC 1 g/kg. All treatments were given twice a week for two weeks. Cisplatin treatment was given one hour after APAP, and NAC was given 4 hours following cisplatin. T2 and contrast-enhanced T1 magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences were performed prior to treatment and just prior to sacrifice at 14 days following initial treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of human DNA. In vitro cell sensitivity to a dose escalation of APAP and cisplatin was assessed in medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY and D238-MED. Results: In vitro viability assays showed that combination APAP plus cisplatin induced synergistic toxicity in human medulloblastoma cells. In saline control rats, the tumor xenograft localized within the cerebellum with spread to the meningeal surfaces and brainstem, and had a volume of 27.1 ±6.7mm3 (mean±SEM). All cisplatin therapy treatment groups showed a significant reduction in final tumor volume when compared to the control group (P &amp;lt; 0.0004). A trend for the cisplatin single therapy group to be less efficacious when compared to the combined cisplatin treatment groups was observed however, the difference was not significant. No reduction in efficacy was seen in the NAC rescue group, with a tumor volume of 4.42±1.36 mm3, compared to 3.30±0.99 mm3 in the APAP plus cisplatin group. Tumor response was not measurable by MR, however the presence of human DNA in the CSF, was correlated with tumor size. Conclusions: This treatment model for medulloblastoma may provide a mechanism to improve chemotherapy efficacy without increasing chemotherapy dose. In vivo and in vitro data correlate to show that the pretreatment with APAP sensitizes cells to cisplatin allowing efficacy at a lower doses, meanwhile delayed treatment with NAC staves off the systemic toxicity normally associated with cisplatin treatments. APAP enhancement with NAC rescue may provide a less toxic option to patients who might otherwise experience systemic toxicity from high doses of cisplatin. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3730. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3730
Analysis of a buck PWM DC-DC converter in discontinuous conduction mode (2002)

A buck pulse width modulated (PWM) dc-dc converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) has been analyzed based on the principles of energy conservation. Efficiency equations have been developed and compared to an experimental circuit. Results demonstrate acceptable agreement between calculated and experimental values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
르네상스 시대 교황 식스투스 5세에 의한 로마의 도시재건계획에 관한 연구 (2017)

This paper is to study not only the understanding to urban planning around road system in the Renaissance, but also the road plan and elements related to road system of the time, through the renewal project of Rome by Pope Sixtus Ⅴ in the Renaissance. The results of study are as follows: First, The basic concept for the renewal project of Rome by Pope Sixtus Ⅴ was the road plan as public space for such urban regeneration and urban regeneration of Rome. This road plan was to transform the centripetal urban into centrifugal urban, through recognition which the city is of an organic complex. Second, Rome was the static and closed urban planning until Medieval period after Rome period, but the project of Pope Sixtus Ⅴ was composed of the opened form expanding beyond the borders of city, dynamic and diffused from central zone of city. Third, The axis in road plan of project of Pope Sixtus Ⅴ shows the direction for movement between space and space, such the axis is used to transform into city as dynamic system, connecting each other buildings and squares of knot parts of city.
Properties of MnBi compounds partially substituted with Cu, Zn, Ti, Sb, and Te. II. Stability and magnetooptic properties of thin films (1976)

The transformation rates of the metastable quenched high-temperature phase of MnBi to the low-temperature phase are tested as a function of the concentration of the substituents Cu, Zn, Ti, and Sb at different temperatures. In all cases a reduction of the transformation rate is observed which is accompanied by the appearance of a second phase in the films described in part I of this paper. These phases are antiferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic with low Curie temperatures. From their portion the strong decrease of the Faraday rotation with increasing substituent percentage is explainable. It may be accepted that the remaining magnetic portion in the film is pure MnBi. The stabilization can be supposed as a clamping effect at the boundaries between the similar and oriented crystal lattices of the quenched high-temperature phase and the substituted phase. Die Phasenumwandlungsgeschwindigkeit der metastabilen abgeschreckten Hochtemperaturphase von MnBi zur Tieftemperaturphase wird in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration der in MnBi substituierbaren Elemente Cu, Zn, Ti und Sb bei verschiedenen Temperaturen gemessen. In allen Fällen tritt eine Verlangsamung der Umwandlungsgeschwindigkeit auf, die vom Auftreten einer zweiten Phase in den Schichten begleitet wird. Es handelt sich dabei um die im Teil I dieser Arbeit beschriebenen substituierten Phasen, die oberhalb der Raumtemperatur keine Faradaydrehung besitzen. Die starke Abnahme der Faradaydrehung mit zunehmender Konzentration des Substituenten kann unmittelbar aus dem Anteil dieser Phasen an der gesamten Schicht erklärt werden. Es ist anzunehmen, daß die verbleibenden Anteile mit Faradaydrehung reines MnBi sind. Die stabilisierende Wirkung der Substituenten sollte daher ein Hafteffekt an den Korngrenzen zwischen den nahezu gleichen und gleich orientierten Gittern der abgeschreckten Hochtemperaturphase und der stabilen substituierten Phase sein.
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Replacement Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Are We There Yet? (2020)

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a potential replacement tissue source for degenerative diseases. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding disease triggered by degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a monolayer tissue that functionally supports retinal photoreceptors. Recently published clinical and preclinical studies have tested PSC-derived RPE as a potential treatment for AMD. Multiple approaches have been used to manufacture RPE cells, to validate them functionally, to confirm their safety profile, and to deliver them to patients either as suspension or as a monolayer patch. Since most of these studies are at an early regulatory approval stage, the primary outcome has been to determine the safety of RPE transplants in patients. However, preliminary signs of efficacy were observed in a few patients. Here, we review the current progress in the PSC-derived RPE transplantation field and provide a comparative assessment of various approaches under development as potential therapeutics for AMD.
Millimeter-wave multistatic imaging system using software-defined radios for advanced multiplexing (2022)

Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) imaging systems have been explored to use more and more complicated radar waveforms to achieve advanced multiplexing and high-performance imaging. As the complexity of radar waveforms increases, conventional radars inevitably suffer from higher design difficulty and cost. This work presents a software-defined mm-wave (SDMMW) multistatic radar design by making use of cost- effective commercial software-defined radios (SDRs) and additional radio-frequency/mm-wave modules. Due to the great baseband flexibility of the SDRs, the efficient space-time-coded (STC) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is developed as the radar waveform to achieve simultaneous MIMO transmission at the same time and frequency. The radar is designed at 83:5 GHz with a frequency bandwidth of 4:8 GHz, where an 8-by-8 waveguide array is specially designed to form 64 virtual channels with a small element-separation of 9 mm for three-dimensional imaging applications. To further enhance the sensing capacity and improve the imaging resolution of the SDMMW radar, the spatial coding created by the compressive reflector antenna is combined with the efficient multiplexing based on the STC OFDM. Preliminary experimental results show good imaging performance, giving great potential for developing future high-performance mm-wave imaging systems with advanced multiplexing.
Information based speech transduction (2011)

Modern hearing aids use a variety of advanced digital signal processing methods in order to improve speech intelligibility. These methods are based on knowledge about the acoustics outside the ear as well as psychoacoustics. We present a novel observation based on the fact that acoustic prominence is not equal to information prominence for time intervals at the syllabic and sub-syllabic levels. The idea is that speech elements with a high degree of information can be robustly identified based on basic acoustic properties. We evaluated the correlation of (information rich) content words in the DanPASS corpus with fundamental frequency (F0) and spectral tilt across four frequency bands. Our results show a correlation of certain band-level differences and the presence of content words. Similarly, but to a lesser extent, a correlation between F0 and the presence of content words was found. The principle described here has the potential to improve the “information-to-noise” ratio in hearing aids. In addition, this concept may also be applicable in automatic speech recognition systems.
Systematic design of reconfigurable quadrature directional couplers (2009)

This paper presents an approach for the systematic design of reconfigurable quadrature directional couplers. From even-odd-analysis of four-ports with two-fold symmetry four eigenreflections are derived. The scattering-parameters are linear combinations of them. The eigenreflections can be positioned deliberately with tuning reactances to create directional couplers which are reconfigurable in coupling ratio, operating frequency or the arrangement of the output ports. Two exemplary couplers, a LC-bridge and a modified branchline-coupler, are presented and measurement results are shown. Directional couplers with adjustable coupling ratio can also be created with cascaded couplers and additional phase shifters or discontinuities. A compact directional coupler using this principle is presented together with measurement results.
Effects of aerosol modulation transfer function on target identification (2020)

Atmospheric aerosol effects are often overlooked in target acquisition studies. Typically, performance models only consider extinction and turbulence within the prediction processes. The aerosol modulation transfer function (MTF) is included in range acquisition algorithms to determine how scattering and absorption effects change the target identification predictions. We modeled the aerosols as monodisperse water droplets comparable to a tenuous fog or mist. Integrating the aerosol MTF into the system MTF gives the opportunity to utilize the night vision integrated performance model to predict the target identification range with aerosol contributions. The aerosol MTF is a function of range, water droplet composition, wavelength, and aperture size. The analysis focuses on these variables with an emphasis on wavelength dependence to characterize mid-wave and long-wave performance. Results show that the mid-wave systems have a substantial diffraction advantage over long-wave systems. Only in the limit of increasing optical depths do the mid-wave and long-wave performance models begin to converge, verifying that the aerosols can be the limiting factor for target identification.
SCOURING OF RAW WOOL USING FREON TF SOLVENT. (1988)

The development of a small closed-loop wool scouring method involving the use of Freon TF as solvent to combat pollution problems is described. A small-scale study reveals that a flow of the solvent through a bed of raw wool, in sequence with a water rinse, produces adequately clean wool. The method of removing the solvent from the material without significant losses is discussed. It is shown that the process is energy-efficient and produces low volumes of effluent. Clean wool grease is obtained and the solvent can be recycled.