gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Automatic Method of Solving Discrete Programming Problems (1960)

I n the classical linear programming problem the behaviour of continuous, nonnegative variables subject to a system of linear inequalities is investigated.One possible generalization of this problem is to relax the continuity condition on the variables.This paper presents a simple numerical algorithm for the solution of programming problems in which some or all of the variables can take only discrete values.The algorithm requires no special techniques beyond those used in ordinary linear programming, and lends itself to automatic computing.Its use is illustrated on two ~lumerical examples.
Towards hardware stereoscopic 3D reconstruction: a real-time FPGA computation of the disparity map (2010)

Stereoscopic 3D reconstruction is an important algorithm in the field of Computer Vision, with a variety of applications in embedded and real-time systems. Existing software-based implementations cannot satisfy the performance requirements for such constrained systems; hence an embedded hardware mechanism might be more suitable. In this paper, we present an architecture of a 3D reconstruction system for stereoscopic images, which we implement on Virtex2 Pro FPGA. The architecture uses a Sobel edge detector to achieve real-time (75 fps) performance, and is configurable in terms of various application parameters, making it suitable for a number of application environments. The paper also presents a design exploration on algorithmic parameters such as disparity range, correlation window size, and input image size, illustrating the impact on the performance for each parameter.
Human and Murine Serine‐Palmitoyl‐CoA Transferase (1997)

Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT, EC 2.3.1.50) is the key enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis. It catalyzes the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent condensation of L-serine and palmitoyl-CoA to 3-oxosphinganine. Human expressed-sequence-tag (EST) clones are similar to the two yeast genes for synthesis of long-chain bases, LCB1 and LCB2, which are believed to encode two subunits of SPT [Buede, R., Pinto, W. J., Lester, R. L. & Dickson, R. C. (1991) J. Bacteriol. 173, 4325-5332; Nagiec, M. M., Baltisberger, J. A., Wells, G. B., Lester, R. L. & Dickson, R. C. (1994) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 7899-7902]. We have cloned and characterized two complete human and murine cDNA sequences named hLCB1 & mLCB1 and hLCB2 & mLCB2, respectively, similar to the yeast LCB1 and LCB2 genes. Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) transfected with murine sequences of LCB1 (mLCB1) and LCB2 (mLCB2) independently and in coexpression showed an overexpression of the transcripts on the mRNA and protein level. The enzymatic activity of cells expressing mLCB2 alone or coexpressed with mLCB1 was three times higher than the activity of untransfected HEK cells. mLCB1 expression was not required for the synthesis of 3-oxo-sphinganine in mammalian cells. Transcription/translation in vitro yielded mLCB1 (53 kDa) and mLCB2 (63 kDa). The two proteins do not contain a signal peptide nor are they glycosylated. The endogenous and overexpressed SPT activity were both sensitive to common SPT inhibitors. Labeling studies with [1-(14)C]palmitic acid indicated that cell lines transfected with mLCB2 preferentially use the excess sphingoid bases for glucocerebroside and galactocerebroside synthesis. Our results provide conclusive genetic and biochemical evidence that the human and murine LCB2 genes described here encode serine palmitoyltransferase. Further studies will be required to unravel the function of the LCB1 gene in mammalian cells.
Is the hippocampal theta rhythm related to cognition in a non‐locomotor place recognition task? (2005)

The possible correlation of 4-12 Hz hippocampal field oscillations (theta rhythm) with motor and cognitive behavior was studied by recording the hippocampal electroencephalogram in non-locomoting rats as they solved a hippocampus-dependent place recognition task. The electroencephalogram (EEG) during the place recognition task was compared with the EEG during a control task, which had the same motor demands but did not require place recognition. In the place recognition task, the rat was passively transported on the periphery of a circular rotating arena, operant responses (lever pressing in Experiment 1 and licking in Experiment 2) emitted in a 60 degrees reward sector of the arena trajectory were reinforced. As expected the theta rhythm was observed during "voluntary" movements such as walking and lever pressing. During walking and lever pressing, when prominent theta was observed, the frequency increased within the first 10 min of a session. When the rats were not moving, during licking or staying motionless, both the theta amplitude and frequency were lower compared with the EEG during walking. There were no correlations between any theta characteristics and cognitive demand of the tasks.
Ultrasonic guided wave inspection concepts for steam generator tubing (1994)

Some very exciting and promising results have been obtained with respect to the utilization and guided wave techniques for inspecting steam generator tubing. In addition to some theoretical considerations that were studied recently, work has been carried out in special probe design and development. This special probe is used in demonstration of law detection feasibility, and in understanding the conceptual development of a complete flaw detection system. This includes transducer, pulser-receiver system, and appropriate signal processing and pattern recognition software for reliable inspection. Ultrasonic NDE techniques have progressed quite rapidly during this decade for two principal reasons: advanced signal processing, and the use and understanding of multi-mode ultrasonic wave propagation. Both concepts are useful in the proposed work on guided wave propagation in steam generator tubing. These new directions go beyond the use of normal beam longitudinal waves and angle beam shear waves for inspection. Guided waves such as surface and Lamb waves can be used to monitor larger volumes of material with greater efficiency. The generation of these waves, however, is more complex. Theoretically one can produce a large number of modes in a structure with a simple loading arrangement. However, the generation of sufficient amounts of energy inmore » a specific mode strongly depends on several factors. They include the loading system, angle of attack, probe frequency, frequency bandwidth, and a whole host of special transducer design and instrumentation parameters.« less
A Technique for Embedding SPICE in a Simulink Environment for MEMS Simulations (2010)

Computer simulations are powerful tools in the designer’s toolbox, giving an estimate of what the device will actually do once realized. Two such tools, Simulink and SPICE are commonly used to design, simulate, and verify models in the mechanical and electronic domains, respectively. Challenges can arise, however, when attempting to simulate behaviors of hybrid systems that possies both electronic and mechancial subsystems. For example, in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) designs, variable capacitors are frequent methods for sensing and actuating. While straightforward to model in Simulink, MEMS are not intuitive to model in SPICE, where the control electronics are simulated. On the other hand, SIMULINK is a less mature tool than SPICE for simulating electronic behaviors — SPICE already posseses large libraries of electronic device models. Thus, current MEMS designers lack a straightforward method to simulate and verify variable capacitors in a transient electronic circuit in SPICE, since the entire mechanical system must be converted from Simulink and verified. This paper presents a technique for embedding NGSPICE, an open-source SPICE implementation, inside a Simulink model via a S-function block, enabling a full system model for transient responses to be realized. A Level 2 M-file S-function block implements the calling and parsing of the associated electronic subsystem circuit file. The required modifications for the circuit file to the Simulink model are described. Validation testing using a low-pass filter type circuits with constant and variable capacitance are presented. Some examples are presented and discussed.
Oil and imperialism in East Asia (1971)

(1971). Oil and imperialism in East Asia. Journal of Contemporary Asia: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 5-35.
Critical role of Rho-kinase pathway for cardiac performance and remodeling in failing rat hearts (2002)

These results suggest that differential activation of the Rho-Rho-kinase and the ERK-p70S6 kinase pathways may play a critical role in CHF, and the Rho-Rho-kinase pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction and cardiovascular remodeling. Thus, inhibition of the Rho-kinase pathway may be at least a potential therapeutic strategy for CHF.
Supplementary Figure from Low-Dose Radiotherapy Reverses Tumor Immune Desertification and Resistance to Immunotherapy (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Low-Dose Radiotherapy Reverses Tumor Immune Desertification and Resistance to Immunotherapy
Expression ofnrdAandnrdBgenes ofEscherichia coliis decreased under anaerobiosis (1991)

By using plasmid nrdA-lacZ, nrdAB-lacZ, and nrdB-lacZ gene fusions, the expression of nrdA and nrdB genes of Escherichia coli under anaerobiosis has been studied. The results obtained show that cells of E. coli growing under either fermentative or nitrate respiring conditions present a lower basal level of both nrdA and nrdB genes transcription from the nrdPA promoter. On the other hand, transcription of the nrdB gene from the internal nrdPB promoter was not affected by the absence of oxygen. Moreover, the DNA damage-mediated inducing factor of these nrd genes was the same in both aerobic and anaerobic cultures.
Bayesian Guided Pattern Search for Robust Local Optimization (2009)

Optimization for complex systems in engineering often involves the use of expensive computer simulation. By combining statistical emulation using treed Gaussian processes with pattern search optimization, we are able to perform robust local optimization more efficiently and effectively than when using either method alone. Our approach is based on the augmentation of local search patterns with location sets generated through improvement prediction over the input space. We further develop a computational framework for asynchronous parallel implementation of the optimization algorithm. We demonstrate our methods on two standard test problems and our motivating example of calibrating a circuit device simulator.
EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION OF H2 AND CH4 MIXTURES IN CATALYTIC BURNERS FOR SMALL-SCALE HEAT AND POWER APPLICATIONS (2005)

Lean premixed fuel mixtures of hydrogen and methane are tested in two different burners developed at The Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The burners include a catalytic burner and a catalytically supported porous inert media burner, both using commercial catalysts. The thermal loads are varied up to 15 kW. Measurements performed of CO2, O2, NOx, and CO in the flue gases verify very low emission levels. The catalytic burner shows severe loss of activity during long-term testing, whereas the catalytically supported burner indicates long-term durability. Applications for such burners could be clean and efficient small-scale combined-heat-and-power systems, either in combination with fuel cells or in Stirling engines.
Hierarchical simulation of large system (1991)

The main problem facing current CAD tools for VLSIs is the large amount of memory required when dealing with large systems, primarily due to the circuit representation used by most current tools. This paper discusses an approach for hierarchical switch-level simulation of digital circuits. The approach exploits the hierarchy to reduce the memory requirements of the simulation, allowing the simulation of circuits that are too large to simulate at one flat level. The approach has been implemented in a hierarchical switch-level simulator, CHAMP, which runs on a SUN workstation. The program performs mixed mode simulation: parts of the circuit can be simulated faster at a behavioral level by supplying a high level software description. CHAMP allows assignable delays, and bidirectional signal flow inside circuit blocks that are represented as transistor networks as well as across the boundaries of higher level blocks. CHAMP is also unique in that it simulates directly from the hierarchical circuit description without flattening to a single level.
Mixture Density Networks for WSN Localization (2020)

A new algorithm for determining soft range information in network localization is proposed. It applies a variant of neural networks called mixture density networks. When used in particle-based Bayesian localization procedures, it has a similar low computational complexity and provides comparable localization accuracy as existing methods. This property enables the proposed algorithm to be implemented on low-power wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes that are equipped with commercial ultra-wideband transceivers. The proposed algorithm is validated in indoor network localization experiments.
Trypanocidal Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids are Inhibitors of Trypanothione Reductase (1998)

Eleven bisbenzylisoquinoline (BBIQ) alkaloids were studied for in vitro trypanocidal activity against trypomastigote forms of the Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. The inhibitory activity of these compounds against trypanothione reductase (TR), a target enzyme for chemotherapy against Chagas disease, was also studied. Six BBIQ alkaloids (antioquine, cepharanthine, daphnoline, limacine, cycleanine and (-) curine) displayed a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) against T. cruzi of less than 100 microM. Daphnoline and curine, with LC50 values of 10 microM, are attractive for further investigation as potential anti-Chagasic drugs. Kinetic analyses suggested the BBIQ alkaloids are mixed inhibitors of TR. These compounds are reasonably potent inhibitors of TR; the best TR inhibitor, cepharanthine, had an IC50 of 15 microM, which is in the same order of magnitude as its LC50 against T. cruzi. The similar magnitudes of the IC50 and LC50 values suggest that inhibition of TR could contribute to the trypanocidal activity exhibited by the BBIQ alkaloids.
Performance Comparison Between Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor and Vernier Motor for In-Wheel Direct Drive (2022)

Nowadays, in-wheel drive mode is considered as one of the most promising modes for electric vehicles (EVs). The motor type plays a significant role in the vehicle performances. This article focuses on the performance between permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and permanent magnet Vernier motor (PMVM) for in-wheel direct drive. First, the required performances are determined by the vehicle requirements. The prototypes of PMVM and PMSM are manufactured after the comparison. Then, the expressions of air-gap magnetic field harmonic, electromagnetic torque, and power factor are theoretically derived, where the parameter torque ratio is introduced to evaluate the torque ratio between PMVM and PMSM. Based on experiment, the back-electromotive force harmonics, cogging torque, maximum torque per ampere capability, flux-weakening capability, torque, efficiency, and power factor are compared and analyzed. Subsequently, the discussions are carried out, where the strength and weakness of two-type motors for in-wheel drive are concluded and the future prospects are suggested. Finally, the conclusions of two-type in-wheel motors are then extracted. This article aims at providing a reference for the exploration of alternating in-wheel motor types, which can promote the development of high-performance in-wheel drive system for EVs.
Adolescent Shin Pain (2017)

Shin pain is a common complaint in adolescent athletes. The term "shin splints" has historically been applied to these patients. Shin splints, more often than not, refers to a stress reaction of the tibia from overuse. Overuse injuries occur when repetitive microtrauma to the bone exceeds the biologic healing potential. Diagnosis is based on typical history and physical examination findings. Plain radiographs and advanced imaging are rarely necessary but can provide valuable prognostic information. Treatment consists of adequate rest and exercise modification. Time to return to sport depends on injury location and severity. Stress fractures have long-term implications on bone health, so modifiable risk factors should be addressed. It is important for primary care physicians to understand the significance of these injuries. [Pediatr Ann. 2017;46(1):e29-e32.].
New high affinity peptide antagonists to the spinal galanin receptor (1995)

1. The role of endogenous galanin in somatosensory processing has been studied with galanin receptor antagonists. The new galanin receptor ligands C7, M32, M38 and M40 bind with high affinity (Kd in nanomolar range) to spinal cord galanin receptors and possess oxidative stability as compared to earlier generations of peptide ligands. These peptides have been examined in the spinal flexor reflex model where exogenous galanin exhibited biphasic excitatory and inhibitory effects. 2. Intrathecal administration of C7 [galanin(1-13)-spantide] and M32 [galanin (1-13)-neuropeptide Y(25-36) amide] blocked facilitation of the nociceptive flexor reflex induced by 30 pmol intrathecal galanin in decerebrate, spinalized rats in a dose-dependent manner, thus behaving as antagonists of the galanin receptor. In contrast, M38[galanin(1-13)-(Ala-Leu)3-Ala amide] and M40 [galanin(1-13)-Pro-Pro-(Ala-Leu)2-Ala amide], exhibited only weak antagonism at high doses in this model. Moreover, lower doses of M40 potentiated galanin-induced reflex facilitation. C7 was neurotoxic at high doses in the rat spinal cord. 3. M32 and C7 were potent antagonists of galanin receptors in rat spinal cord, in correlation with their in vitro binding characteristics. In contrast, M38 and M40, despite their high in vitro affinity, exhibited only very weak antagonism. Moreover, M40 may also behave as a partial agonist. 4. Previous studies have shown that the galanin receptor may be heterogeneous. The discrepancy between in vitro binding and in vivo antagonistic potency of M38 and M40 may also suggest the presence of different galanin receptor subtypes within the rat spinal cord. However, other explanations for the discrepancy, such as differences in metabolic stability, diffusion rates and penetration to the site of action are also possible.
A portable calorimetry system for calibration of nuclear weapon simulator dosimetry. Technical report (1975)

An absolute dosimetry system was designed to determine the effect of differences between nuclear weapon simulator gamma-ray spectra and the spectra of standard calibration sources on the accuracy of simulator dosimetry systems. This system, employing a set of portable equilibrium calorimeters of widely differing composition, was constructed at ECOM, Fort Monmouth, NJ, and successfully tested at the Air Force Weapons Laboratory (AFWL), Transient Radiation Effects Facility (TREF), Albuquerque, NM. The test results were consistent with a calculated prediction of a 60% variation in deposited dose with atomic number characteristic of the gamma-ray spectra of TREF simulators. It is suggested that the output spectra of these machines be hardened via selective absorption of low energy photons by a layer of high atomic number material interposed between the faceplate and objects being exposed. The layer should be thick enough to yield a spectrum for which the variation of dose over atomic number is within the uncertainty of the dosimetry system used, permitting the use of any dosimetric materials. (GRA)
Achieving uniform nMOS device power distribution for sub-micron ESD reliability (1992)

The ESD reliability of the advanced sub-micron technologies is a major concern because of the shallow LDD junctions. This paper will show that by achieving uniform power distribution during the entire ESD event in a large multi-finger nMOS device of 0.6 mu m technology, protection levels in excess of 10 kV can be realized. The evidence of this uniform power distribution resulting from the multi-finger parasitic npn turn-on is shown through an emission microscopy analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Silica dust exposure induces pulmonary fibrosis through autophagy signaling (2021)

Silicosis is a well-acknowledged occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of a large amount of free silica dust during the production period and eventually a considerable negative impact on the patients' quality of life. Autophagy exerts a critical influence on immune and inflammatory responses during the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we sought to determine whether autophagy is involved in silicosis's pathogenesis and how it may affect pulmonary cellular physiology. In the animal experiments, we found persistent activation of autophagy in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, which was also accompanied by tumor necrosis factor and transforming growth factor expression increased. Therefore, the autophagy signaling pathway may regulate the inflammatory response and affect the progression of fibrosis. Further, in vitro experiments, we used LY294002, RAPA, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) intervened autophagy. Our results showed that PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in the autophagy changed mediated by SiO<sub>2</sub> exposed, and autophagy might play a protective role in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, NAC's effect is not apparent on SiO<sub>2</sub> -mediated autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, but it can reduce the inflammatory response on NR8383 cells mediated by SiO2-exposed. Nevertheless, it's interesting that NAC can reduce the inflammatory response on NR8383 cells mediated by SiO<sub>2</sub> -exposed. Taken together, our data demonstrated that SiO<sub>2</sub> -exposed can induce pulmonary fibrosis along with autophagy both in vivo and in vitro, NAC could alleviate the inflammatory response NR8383 cells by SiO<sub>2</sub> -exposed through non PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and the specific mechanism of its action needs further studying.
The effect of sotalol on exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias (1988)

Sotalol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent with class III antiarrhythmic properties. Our study was intended to assess the efficacy of sotalol on exercise-inducible arrhythmias by oral administration to out patients. Thirty patients with exercise-inducible arrhythmias (80% coronary artery disease, 20% congestive cardiomyopathy) were studied after two baseline bicycle ergometric stress tests performed in upright position. Twenty-five patients (including nine crossover cases of the lower dose protocol) were given sotalol in a daily dose of 320 mg (group 1) and 14 patients in a dose of 160 mg (group 2). After 2 and 8 weeks, respectively, group 1 showed a mean reduction of the total number of inducible ventricular premature beats (VPBs) of 50% (P = 0.0042) and 61% (P = 0.0107), respectively and a significantly improved Lown score (P = 0.0002 and 0.0006, respectively). A significant antiarrhythmic response was not demonstrable for group-2 patients. Because of inefficacy, nine patients were changed from group 2 to group 1. Reduction of arrhythmias on the higher dose was significant (P = 0.0147) in this group. There was the same significant reduction of the heart rate pressure product with the low and high dosage indicating that the beta-blocker effect is achieved with the lower dosage. We conclude that sotalol is a powerful drug for reducing the number and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias in a dose of 320 mg daily. As the beta-blocking effect in both groups was the same, we assume that the reduction of arrhythmias is mainly due to class III action.