gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymeric Organosilicon Systems. 30. Preparation and Properties of Polymers Containing Iron(0)-Complex-Coordinated Silole Units (1999)

UV irradiation of poly[(tetraethyldisilanylene)(3,4-diethynylenesilole)] in the presence of an excess of Fe(CO)5 led to the formation of Fe(CO)3-coordinated silole units in the polymer backbone. The ratio of the Fe(CO)3-coordinated and noncoordinated units in the resulting polymer was determined to be 2:1 by 1H NMR spectrometry. Similar treatment of poly[(tetramethyldisilanylene)(3,4-diethynylenesilole)] also afforded the corresponding Fe(CO)3-coordinated polymer. The polymers with Fe(CO)3-coordinated silole units exhibit slightly red-shifted UV absorption bands, relative to the parent noncoordinated polymers. When doped with FeCl3 vapor, the Fe(CO)3-coordinated polymers became semiconducting with conductivities on the order of 10-5 S/cm, much higher than the conductivities of the parent polymers doped with FeCl3, which were determined to be less than 10-8 S/cm. Crystal structures of two model compounds having Fe(CO)3-coordinated or noncoordinated 3,4-diethynylenesilole units were determined by X-ray crystallography, which suggest enhanced π-conjugation in the Fe(CO)3-coordinated 3,4-diethynylenesilole ring as compared with the noncoordinated one.
Investigation of programmed charge lateral spread in a two-bit storage nitride flash memory cell by using a charge pumping technique (2004)

The lateral distribution of programmed charge in a hot electron program/hot hole erase nitride storage flash cell is investigated by using a charge pumping technique. Our study shows that the secondly programmed bit has a wider trapped charge distribution than the first programmed bit. In addition, we find programmed charge spreads further into the channel with program/erase cycle number.
Retrieving Low Wavenumber Information in FWI: An Overview of the Cycle-Skipping Phenomenon and Solutions (2018)

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is an advanced seismic processing method for high-resolution subsurface geophysical property reconstruction through a data-fitting procedure. When low-frequency seismic data are not available, conventional FWI often suffers from the cycle-skipping issue caused by the severe nonlinearity nature of the standard L2 norm objective function, inducing strong artifacts in the reconstructed geophysical property models.
Wave aberration of human eyes and new descriptors of image optical quality and visual performance (2010)

The expansion of wavefront-sensing techniques redefined the meaning of refractive error in clinical ophthalmology. Clinical aberrometers provide detailed measurements of the eye's wavefront aberration. The distribution and contribution of each higher-order aberration to the overall wavefront aberration in the individual eye can now be accurately determined and predicted. Using corneal or ocular wavefront sensors, studies have measured the interindividual and age-related changes in the wavefront aberration in the normal population with the goal of optimizing refractive surgery outcomes for the individual. New objective optical-quality metrics would lead to better use and interpretation of newly available information on aberrations in the eye. However, the first metrics introduced, based on sets of Zernike polynomials, is not completely suitable to depict visual quality because they do not directly relate to the quality of the retinal image. Thus, several approaches to describe the real, complex optical performance of human eyes have been implemented. These include objective metrics that quantify the quality of the optical wavefront in the plane of the pupil (ie, pupil-plane metrics) and others that quantify the quality of the retinal image (ie, image-plane metrics). These metrics are derived by wavefront aberration information from the individual eye. This paper reviews the more recent knowledge of the wavefront aberration in human eyes and discusses the image-quality and optical-quality metrics and predictors that are now routinely calculated by wavefront-sensor software to describe the optical and image quality in the individual eye.
LEI PENAL ECONÔMICA E OBJETO DE PROTEÇÃO: O BEM JURÍDICO ECONÔMICO (2016)

O Estado Social e Democratico de Direito deve oferecer o ponto de partida para determinar a funcao do Direito Penal. O bem juridico e um valor ontologico, pre-existente ao Direito; conquanto Feuerbach tenha lancado as diretrizes analogicas de bem juridico, coube a Birnbaum tracar um conceito para bem juridico. Para a Escola de Marburgo, de vies positivista, a funcao central da dogmatica juridico-penal e a tutela de todos os interesses protegidos. Ja para a Escola de Baden, partindo da vertente teleologica entre os dois mundos do ser (sein) e do dever-ser (sollen) concebe o bem juridico como mera formula interpretativa dos tipos penais. O bem juridico, do ponto de vista de politica-criminal, precedente ao ordenamento juridico penal, como um valor juridico-constitucionalmente reconhecido em nome de todo o sistema social. No ordenamento juridico Portugues ha distingue entre os crimes de um Direito Penal primario, praticados contra a pessoa e previstos no Codigo Penal, dos crimes que, direta ou indiretamente estao relacionados com a ordem juridica da Constituicao, daqueles outros crimes de Direito Penal Secundario, a exemplo, dos crimes contra a ordem economica, financeira, fiscal, aduaneira etc. que se referem, primariamente, com o ordenamento juridico-constitucional, como direitos sociais e de organizacao economica. Direito Penal Economico, em seu sentido proprio, ganha corpo com o aparecimento de uma economia dirigida e centralizada, cujos valores ate entao nao transcendiam o âmbito do individuo. Para galgar autonomia do seu objeto de investigacao, do seu metodo e de sua missao, o Direito Penal Economico radicou um corte epistemologico com certos principios da Dogmatica juridico-penal, de cunho tradicionalista.
Quantifying the effect of respiratory motion on lung tumour dosimetry with the aid of a breathing phantom with deforming lungs (2006)

The contribution of organ and tumour motion to the degradation of planned dose distributions during radiotherapy to the breathing lung has been experimentally investigated and quantified. An anthropomorphic, tissue-equivalent breathing phantom with deformable lungs has been built, in which the lung tumour can be driven in any arbitrary 3D trajectory. The trajectory is programmed into a motion controller connected to a high-precision moving platform that is connected to the tumour. The motion controller is connected to the accelerator's dose counter and the speed of motion is scaled to the dose rate. This ensures consistent delivery despite variation in either the dose rate or inter-segment timing. For this study, the phantom was made to breathe by a set of periodic equations representing respiratory motion by an asymmetric, trigonometric function. Several motion amplitudes were selected to be applied in the primary axis of motion. Five three-dimensional, geometrically conformal (3DCRT) fractions with different starting phases (spaced uniformly in the breathing cycle) were delivered to the phantom and compared to a delivery where the phantom was static at the end-expiration position. A set of intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans (IMRT) was subsequently delivered in the same manner. Bigger amplitudes of motion resulted in a higher degree of dose blurring. Severe underdosages were observed when deliberately selecting the PTV wrongly, their extent being correlated with the degree of margin error. IMRT motion-averaged dose distributions exhibited areas of high dose in the gross tumour volume (GTV) which were not present in the static irradiations, arising from booster segments that the optimizer was creating to achieve planning target volume (PTV) homogeneity during the inverse-planning process. 3DCRT, on the other hand, did not demonstrate such effects. It has been concluded that care should be taken to control the delivered fluence when delivering IMRT to the breathing lung, even when the PTV margin has been adequately chosen to include the extent of the breathing motion.
Mutation in the DNA Gyrase A Gene of Escherichia coli That Expands the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Region (2001)

In three Escherichia coli mutants, a change (Ala-51 to Val) in the gyrase A protein outside the standard quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) lowered the level of quinolone susceptibility more than changes at amino acids 67, 82, 84, and 106 did. Revision of the QRDR to include amino acid 51 is indicated.
Single vs. Two Stage High Pressure Turbine Design of Modern Aero Engines (1999)

In this paper, the two-stage shrouded HPT engine configuration rated at 22000 lbs thrust is used as the baseline from which a single stage HPT unshrouded design is systematically derived to evaluate the potential weight and cost advantage. The baseline thermodynamic cycle at the rated thrust level was modified in order to optimize the turbine inlet temperature, overall pressure ratio, and core flow with a single stage HPT and deliver competitive performance. The comparative study, although preliminary in depth, has led to the advantages and disadvantages associated with an unshrouded single versus a two-stage shrouded HPT design. The results compare design configuration, secondary air system, weight, safety, life, specific fuel consumption (SFC), and future thrust growth capability. The main advantages of the single stage application are reductions in cost and complexity of design, lower turbine gas temperature, and ease of maintenance. The main disadvantages are in reduced turbine polytropic/isentropic efficiency for HPC pressure ratio greater than 9, increased SFC, higher rim speed, higher HPT exit Mach number, higher bypass ratio to achieve the desired thrust level, and possibly higher weight. A quantitative statement on the reduction of engine cost/weight is premature until a detailed design and the associated cost-benefit is performed. The paper concludes by recommending that the design philosophy of the modern unmixed turbofan engine (single or two-stage HPT) leads to a balance between the selected turbine gas temperature versus the by-pass ratio in order to minimize cost and maximize the thrust-to-weight ratio and the cycle efficiency. In either ease, the expected high reliability and reduced engine cost/weight in the context of future thrust-growth capability need to be demonstrated by proven technology which seem to favor the two-stage HPT configuration.
Evaluation of EVs energy consumption influencing factors, driving conditions, auxiliaries use, driver's aggressiveness (2013)

This paper presents a simulation study dealing with the influence of different factors on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle (EV). Due to the limited quantity of energy embedded in the battery, EVs are very sensitive to parameters which can influence their energy consumption and then can induce huge variations in their actual range. Among all these factors, driving conditions, auxiliaries' impact, driver's aggressiveness and braking energy recovery strategy are to be considered as the main factors influencing the EV energy consumption. The objective of this paper is thus to simulate and quantify the influence of each factor independently. For this, a virtual EV simulator has been created and validated through EVs experiments on a climatic 4WD chassis dyno in the frame of a project sponsored by the French ADEME and with the help of PSA, Renault and Tazzari car manufacturers. This simulator, validated thanks to a limited number of experimental results, has been then used on a very large range of operating conditions and hypotheses to extrapolate experimental results and help the analyses of influencing factors.
Impact of Sloping Land Conversion Program on off-farm employment (2011)

Using a panel data between 1999 and 2006 set of 605 households in Loess Plateau Region, China, and Differences in Differences (DD) method and Matching Method, we evaluate the Program's impact on the off-farm employment. Our empirical study results show that, SLCP has made a significant impact on the off-farm employment since it has been implemented for 7 years. SLCP has significantly increased the probability of shifting the rural labor from on-farm work to off-farm work by 11 percent with DD method, and also a consistent result by at least 17 percent with matching methods.
Parasite glycoconjugates. Part 3. Synthesis of substrate analogues of early intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors (1995)

Substrate analogues of sodium 1D-6-O-(2-[3H3]acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-myo-inositol 1-[sn-2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl phosphate]3, including the lipid-depleted compounds 9, 11 and 15, have been prepared for biological evaluation with a partially purified de-N-acetylase from the bloodstream form of the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. Such analogues as 2-deoxy-α-D-Glcp-PI 25 and α-D-Glcp-PI 33 have also been prepared and tested as potential inhibitors of this de-N-acetylase.
Corrigenda (1969)

J. Hooz, D. M. Gunn, A. H. Haines, C. S. P. Jenkins, R. Nagarajan, J. L. Occolowitz, N. Neuss, S. M. Nash, V. A. Koptyug, L. I. Kuzubova, I. S. Isaev, V. I. Mamatyuk, C. D. Campbell, C. W. Rees, S. Masamune, R. T. Seidner, H. Stefanou, N. Gourley, R. M. Barrer, H. Villiger, L. A. Paquette and J. C. Philips, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 839b DOI: 10.1039/C2969000839B
Shock timing on the National Ignition Facility: First experiments (2013)

An experimental campaign to tune the initial shock compression sequence of capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) was initiated in late 2010. The experiments use a NIF ignition-scale hohlraum and capsule that employs a re-entrant cone to provide optical access to the shocks as they propagate in the liquid deuterium-filled capsule interior. The strength and timing of the shock sequence is diagnosed with velocity interferometry that provides target performance data used to set the pulse shape for ignition capsule implosions that follow. From the start, these measurements yielded significant new information on target performance, leading to improvements in the target design. We describe the results and interpretation of the initial tuning experiments.
Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury in Children Hospitalized in a Sub-Saharan African Unit by Saliva Urea Nitrogen Dipstick Test (2019)

Diagnosis of pAKI using different criteria differs in triage and staging. SUN reflects BUN particularly at higher BUN levels and allows monitoring of treatment responses. Despite the lack of predictive power of SUN to predict hard outcomes, measurement of SUN by dipstick can be used to identify, screen, and monitor pediatric patients with pAKI.
Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in patients with synchronous metastases from renal cell carcinoma: Results from the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC). (2014)

396 Background: The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy is unclear in patients with synchronous metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the age of targeted therapy. Methods: Comparisons were made between patients treated with targeted therapy who had a CN versus not and adjusted using proportional hazards regression for known poor prognostic criteria (IMDC criteria Heng et al JCO 2009). Results: 2569/3245 (79%) mRCC patients received a nephrectomy. Patients who had nephrectomy before the diagnosis of metastatic disease were excluded (n=1634). Among the remaining patients, 935 patients had a CN and 676 patients did not have nephrectomy. All patients received targeted therapy with the majority receiving first-line sunitinib 72%, sorafenib 15%, temsirolimus 5%, bevacizumab 3%, pazopanib 3%. Patients who had CN had better IMDC prognostic profiles versus those without (favorable/intermediate/poor in 9%/63%/28% vs 1%/45%/54% p&lt;0.0001). The median overall survival of patients with CN vs without was 20.6 vs 9.5 months (p&lt;0.0001). When adjusted for IMDC criteria to correct for imbalances, the HR of death was 0.60 (95%CI 0.52-0.69, p&lt;0.0001). The Table demonstrates the increasing benefit of CN if a given patient has a longer survival time. Conclusions: CN can be beneficial in patients with synchronous metastatic RCC even after adjustment for prognostic factors. Patients who are estimated to survive less than 9-12 months may have a marginal benefit compared to those with longer estimated survival. This may aid in patient selection as we await results from randomized controlled trials. [Table: see text]
The effect of an axial dip and ripples in the inner cladding on the leakage loss of LP01 mode in depressed index clad fibre (1990)

The effect of profile imperfections, like axial index dip and layered structure in the inner cladding, on the leakage loss of LP01 mode in MCVD made single-mode DIC fibres is investigated quantitatively through a Matrix approach. The study reveals that these apparent profile imperfections may greatly affect leakage loss coefficients especially at longer wavelengths. A typical example of the presence of a linear axial dip along with ripples in the inner cladding is seen to increase the leakage loss coefficient of the LP01 mode to 43.44 dB/km from a value of 0.25 dB/km at 1.3 μm in the absence of profile perturbation; the corresponding figures at 1.6 μm being 2.76 × 103 dB/km from 67.85 dB/km. However, if the shape of the dip is such that the dip width parameter q &gt; 2, the leakage loss would not get affected by these profile imperfections in practical DIC fibres.
Error probabilities of synchronous DS/CDMA systems with random and deterministic signature sequences for ideal and fading channels (2002)

We present a software tool which efficiently computes the error probability of a direct sequence, code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) system. Several different system models are analyzed including random signature sequences with ideal channels, deterministic signature sequences with ideal channels, random signature sequences with slowly fading channels, and deterministic signature sequences with slowly fading channels. We assume that the chips received from each of the multiple-access interference (MAI) sources are synchronous with the chips from a reference source. This provides an upper bound for an asynchronous DS/CDMA system. Numerical contour integration of the test statistic's moment generating function (MGF) in the complex plane is used to efficiently evaluate the error probabilities.
Hearing aids for profoundly deaf people based on a new parametric concept (2002)

People with severe hearing loss only have a minor part of the frequency range available for reception of information in speech signals. These people do not benefit from normal hearing aids as the information in high frequency parts of the speech is not available. To overcome this problem the authors have developed a new method enabling to present information from the frequency range of interest in the frequency range available for the hearing disabled. By means of parametric modeling of the speech production system, transforming the speech production model to match the available frequency range, and then finally resynthesize the speech using this transformed model, one can present the speech information of interest in a frequency range at choice. This concept is believed to reduce wideband background noise which is a problem for hearing disabled as well as for people with normal hearing ability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Another problem to solve (1975)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTAnother problem to solveALBERT F. PLANTCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1975, 53, 3, 4Publication Date (Print):January 20, 1975Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 20 January 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v053n003.p004https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v053n003.p004editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 1975 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (100 KB) SUBJECTS:Lipids,Liquids,Wastes Get e-Alerts
Copper-graphene heterostructure for back-end-of-line compatible high-performance interconnects (2021)

Abstract Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a Cu-graphene heterostructure interconnect by the direct synthesis of graphene on a Cu interconnect with an enhanced performance. Multilayer graphene films were synthesized on Cu interconnect patterns using a liquid benzene or pyridine source at 400 °C by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). The graphene-capped Cu interconnects showed lower resistivity, higher breakdown current density, and improved reliability compared with those of pure Cu interconnects. In addition, an increase in the carrier density of graphene by doping drastically enhanced the reliability of the graphene-capped interconnect with a mean time to failure of &gt;10 6 s at 100 °C under a continuous DC stress of 3 MA cm −2 . Furthermore, the graphene-capped Cu heterostructure exhibited enhanced electrical properties and reliability even if it was a damascene-patterned structure, which indicates compatibility with practical applications such as next-generation interconnect materials in CMOS back-end-of-line (BEOL).
Generation of Oxygen Radicals by Minerals and Its Correlation to Cytotoxicity (1994)

Val Vallyathan, Generation of Oxygen Radicals by Minerals and Its Correlation to Cytotoxicity, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 102, Supplement 10: Oxygen Radicals and Lung Injury (Dec., 1994), pp. 111-115
Rapid electron exchange between surface-exposed bacterial cytochromes and Fe(III) minerals (2013)

The mineral-respiring bacterium Shewanella oneidensis uses a protein complex, MtrCAB, composed of two decaheme cytochromes, MtrC and MtrA, brought together inside a transmembrane porin, MtrB, to transport electrons across the outer membrane to a variety of mineral-based electron acceptors. A proteoliposome system containing a pool of internalized electron carriers was used to investigate how the topology of the MtrCAB complex relates to its ability to transport electrons across a lipid bilayer to externally located Fe(III) oxides. With MtrA facing the interior and MtrC exposed on the outer surface of the phospholipid bilayer, the established in vivo orientation, electron transfer from the interior electron carrier pool through MtrCAB to solid-phase Fe(III) oxides was demonstrated. The rates were 10(3) times higher than those reported for reduction of goethite, hematite, and lepidocrocite by S. oneidensis, and the order of the reaction rates was consistent with those observed in S. oneidensis cultures. In contrast, established rates for single turnover reactions between purified MtrC and Fe(III) oxides were 10(3) times lower. By providing a continuous flow of electrons, the proteoliposome experiments demonstrate that conduction through MtrCAB directly to Fe(III) oxides is sufficient to support in vivo, anaerobic, solid-phase iron respiration.