gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Extended Lumped-Parameter Model of Melt–Pool Geometry to Predict Part Height for Directed Energy Deposition (2017)

There is a need for the development of lumped-parameter models that can be used for real-time control design and optimization for laser-based additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Our prior work developed a physics-based multivariable model for melt–pool geometry and temperature dynamics in a single-bead deposition for a directed energy deposition process and then validated the model using experimental data from deposition of single-bead Ti–6AL–4V (or Inconel®718) tracks on an Optomec® Laser Engineering Net Shaping (LENS™) system. In this paper, we extend such model for melt–pool geometry in a single-bead deposition to a multibead multilayer deposition and then use the extended model on melt–pool height dynamics to predict part height of a three-dimensional build. Specifically, the extended model incorporates temperature history during the build process, which is approximated by super-positioning the temperature fields generated from Rosenthal's solution of point heat sources, with one heat source corresponding to one bead built before. The proposed model for part height prediction is then validated using builds with a variety of shapes, including single-bead thin wall structures, a patch build, and L-shaped structures, all built with Ti–6AL–4V using an Optomec® LENSTM MR-7 system. The model predictions on average part height show reasonable agreement with the measured average part height, with error rate less than 15%.
A pattern matching algorithm for verification and analysis of very large IC layouts (1998)

We propose a simple, isometry invariant pattern matching algorithm for an effective data reduction useful in layout-related data processing of very complex IC designs. The repeatable geometrical features and attributes are stored in a pattern database. Original pattern instance, or its geometrical attributes, may be quickly regenerated based both on the information stored within the pattern and position of the pattern instance. We also show preliminary results of analysis of the state-of-the-art ICs which suggest that the diversity of patterns does not significantly increase with the increase of chip size.
Outcome of nucleos(t)ide analog intervention in patients with preventive or on‐demand therapy for hepatitis B virus reactivation (2020)

Preventive or on-demand nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) therapy can prevent severe hepatitis related to hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBV-R). However, it is unclear if NA can be safely stopped in such patients after cytotoxic therapies or during immunosuppressive therapies. We retrospectively evaluated 133 patients who initiated NA therapy between 2007 and 2018. A total of 103 patients were positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) at baseline, and NA therapy was started before cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy (preventive group). Thirty patients with resolved HBV infection were treated with NA therapy after HBV reactivation (on-demand group). Virological relapse was defined as a serum HBV DNA level >20 IU/ml. NA therapy was stopped in 12 (12%) patients (preventive group), and in 16 (53%) patients (on-demand group). After the cessation of NA therapy, the cumulative rates of relapse were 36% and 39% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. High levels of HBsAg both at baseline and at the cessation of NA therapy were related to the occurrence of relapse. Relapse did not occur in patients with HBsAg levels <20 IU/ml (preventive group). HBV relapse occurred in five (33%) patients in the on-demand group. Relapse occurred only in anti-HBs-negative patients at the cessation of NA therapy. There were no cases of hepatitis flare after the cessation of NA therapy. HBsAg predicted HBV relapse after the cessation of NA therapy in HBsAg-positive patients. Anti-HBs could be a predictive marker for NA therapy cessation in patients with resolved HBV.
Identification of Linear, Parameter Varying, and Nonlinear Systems: Theory, Computation, and Applications (2015)

The workshop presents a first principles statistical approach using the fundamental canonical variate analysis (CVA) method for subspace identification of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, with detailed extensions to linear parameter-varying (LPV) and nonlinear systems. The LTI case includes basic concepts of reduced rank modeling of ill-conditioned data to obtain the most appropriate statistical model structure and order using optimal maximum likelihood methods. The fundamental statistical approach gives expressions of the multistep-ahead likelihood function for subspace identification of LTI systems. This leads to direct estimation of parameters using singular value decomposition type methods that avoid iterative nonlinear parameter optimization. The result is statistically optimal maximum likelihood parameter estimates and likelihood ratio tests of hypotheses. The parameter estimates have optimal Cramer-Rao lower bound accuracy, and the likelihood ratio hypothesis tests on model structure, model change, and process faults produce optimal decisions. Comparisons made between system identification methods including subspace, prediction error, and maximum likelihood, and show considerably less computation and higher accuracy. The LTI subspace methods are extended to LPV systems that are expressible in the LTI form where the constant LTI parameters are multiplied by parameter-varying scheduling functions depending on the system operating point. For example, this allows for the identification of constant underlying structural stiffness parameters while wing flutter dynamics vary with scheduling functions of speed and altitude operating point variables. This is further extended to Quasi-LPV systems where the scheduling functions may be functions of the inputs and/or outputs of the system. Quasi-LPV systems include bilinear and general polynomial systems that are universal approximators. The developed subspace identification method for parametervarying systems avoids the exponential growth in computations characteristic of previous SIM methods. Applications are discussed to monitoring and fault detection in closed-loop chemical processes, identification of vibrating structures under feedback, adaptive control of aircraft wing flutter, identification of the chaotic Lorenz attractor, and identification and monitoring of Quasi-LPV automotive engines.
Salmonella Typhimurium induces HXA3 secretion by decreasing cellular levels and activity of the oxido‐reductase enzymes GPX 1 and PHGPX (2012)

Salmonella Typhimurium ( S. Typhimurium)‐induced transepithelial migration of neutrophils rapidly follows attachment of the bacteria to the epithelial apical membrane. We have previously reported that hepoxilin A 3 (HXA 3 ) mediates the final step in this process. HXA 3 is a derivative of arachidonic acid formed from the enzymatic action of the 12‐lipoxygenase (12‐LOX) pathway. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the activity/expression of 12‐LOX during S . Typhimurium‐induced intestinal inflammation remains unknown. Thus, we sought to decipher the mechanisms regulating 12‐LOX and increased HXA 3 secretion during S . Typhimurium infection. We found that the protein expressions of Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 1 and PHGPX (GPX 4), known to have an inhibitory effect on 12‐LOX activity, are significantly decreased during S . Typhimurium infection as well as an ~20% decrease in total cellular GPX activity. We also show that inhibition of total cellular GPX activity by iodoacatetate treatment, which increases 12‐LOX activity, resulted in a significant increase in neutrophil transmigration during S. Typhimurium infection. These results suggest that S . Typhimurium induces apical secretion of HXA 3 by decreasing the expression of cellular GPX, which in turn leads to an increase in 12‐LOX activity. We are currently performing RNAi studies to determine which GPX isoform is responsible for these functions.
Antimicrobial resistance in sexually transmitted infections in the developed world (2011)

Emerging resistance in all bacterial STIs and the particular problem of resistant gonorrhoea will present a challenge to maintain antimicrobial therapy at the forefront of public health control.
Calibration of a high harmonic spectrometer by laser induced plasma emission (2009)

We present a method that allows for a convenient switching between high harmonic generation (HHG) and accurate calibration of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectrometer used to analyze the harmonic spectrum. The accurate calibration of HHG spectra is becoming increasingly important for the determination of electronic structures. The wavelength of the laser harmonics themselves depend on the details of the harmonic geometry and phase matching, making them unsuitable for calibration purposes. In our calibration mode, the target resides directly at the focus of the laser, thereby enhancing plasma emission and suppressing harmonic generation. In HHG mode, the source medium resides in front or after the focus, showing enhanced HHG and no plasma emission lines. We analyze the plasma emission and use it for a direct calibration of our HHG spectra.
Theoretical detection threshold of the proton‐acoustic range verification technique (2015)

The proton-acoustic process was simulated using a realistic model and the minimal detection limit was established for proton-acoustic range validation. These limits correspond to a best case scenario with a single large detector with no losses and detector thermal noise as the sensitivity limiting factor. Our study indicated practical proton-acoustic range verification may be feasible with approximately 5 × 10(6) protons/pulse and beam current.
A chronic ulcerative colitis model in rats (2000)

INTRODUCTIONIn recent years,there have been many reports aboutanimal model to investigate drugs for inflammatorybowel diseases (IBD).The experimental animalmodel often used is acetic acid-induced damage ofcolonic muscosa.In the present study,this animalmodel was investigated by administering variousconcentrations of TNBS.
Spatial filters for high power lasers (2023)

A spatial filter includes a first filter element and a second filter element overlapping with the first filter element. The first filter element includes a first pair of cylindrical lenses separated by a first distance. Each of the first pair of cylindrical lenses has a first focal length. The first filter element also includes a first longitudinal slit filter positioned between the first pair of cylindrical lenses. The second filter element includes a second pair of cylindrical lenses separated by a second distance. Each of the second pair of cylindrical lenses has a second focal length. The second filter element also includes a second longitudinal slit filter positioned between the second pair of cylindrical lenses.
Activity of photosynthetic Reaction Centers coated with polydopamine (2020)

Dilute aqueous solution of dopamine buffered to an alkaline pH and in the presence of dissolved oxygen undergo to a series of autoxidation and rearrangement reactions that lead to the formation of a dark insoluble material called polydopamine (PDA) with melanin reminiscent properties. In this work we carried out this reaction in the presence of the photosynthetic reaction center (RC), a transmembrane pigment-protein complex responsible for the first light-induced reactions in the photosynthetic process. We have found that PDA grows in colloidal form around the RC and in the appropriate conditions the protein is entrapped in the PDA matrix without loss of functionality. The protein is still capable to perform its natural photocycle leading to the generation of photocurrents and the ubiquinone acceptor complex function is modulated by the PDA/RC ratio.
Lactobacillus reuteri Reduces the Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota (2019)

The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, how and if the modulation of microbiota can prevent or treat MS remain largely unknown. In this study, we showed that probiotic <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> DSM 17938 (<i>L. reuteri</i>) ameliorated the development of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely used animal model of MS, a model which is primarily mediated by T<sub>H</sub>17 and T<sub>H</sub>1 cells. We discovered that <i>L. reuteri</i> treatment reduced T<sub>H</sub>1/T<sub>H</sub>17 cells and their associated cytokines IFN-γ/IL-17 in EAE mice. We also showed that the loss of diversity of gut microbiota induced by EAE was largely restored by <i>L. reuteri</i> treatment. Taxonomy-based analysis of gut microbiota showed that three "beneficial" genera <i>Bifidobacterium, Prevotella</i>, and <i>Lactobacillus</i> were negatively correlated with EAE clinical severity, whereas the genera <i>Anaeroplasma, Rikenellaceae</i>, and <i>Clostridium</i> were positively correlated with disease severity. Notably, <i>L. reuteri</i> treatment coordinately altered the relative abundance of these EAE-associated taxa. In conclusion, probiotic <i>L. reuteri</i> changed gut microbiota to modulate immune responses in EAE, making it a novel candidate in future studies to modify the severity of MS.
Joint Constellation Design for Noncoherent MIMO Multiple-Access Channels (2022)

We consider the joint constellation design problem for the noncoherent multiple-input multiple-output multiple-access channel (MAC). By analyzing the noncoherent maximum-likelihood detection error, we propose novel design criteria so as to minimize the error probability. As a baseline approach, we adapt several existing design criteria for the point-to-point channel to the MAC. Furthermore, we propose new design criteria. Our first proposed design metric is the dominating term in nonasymptotic lower and upper bounds on the pairwise error probability exponent. We give a geometric interpretation of the bound using Riemannian distance in the manifold of Hermitian positive definite matrices. From an analysis of this metric at high signal-to-noise ratio, we obtain further simplified metrics. For any given set of constellation sizes, the proposed metrics can be optimized over the set of constellation symbols. Motivated by the simplified metric, we propose a simple constellation construction consisting in <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">partitioning</i> a single-user constellation. We also provide a generalization of our previously proposed construction based on <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">precoding</i> individual constellations of lower dimensions. For a fixed joint constellation, the design metrics can be further optimized over the per-user transmit power, especially when the users transmit at different rates. Considering unitary space-time modulation, we investigate the option of building each individual constellation as a set of truncated unitary matrices scaled by the respective transmit power. Numerical results show that our proposed metrics are meaningful, and can be used as objectives to generate constellations through numerical optimization that perform better, for the same transmission rate and power constraint, than a common pilot-based scheme and the constellations optimized with existing metrics.
Holographic aperture ladar (2009)

Holographic aperture ladar is a variant of synthetic aperture ladar that seeks to increase cross-range scene resolution by synthesizing a large effective aperture through the motion of a smaller receiver and through the subsequent proper phasing and correlation of the detected signals in postprocessing. Unlike in conventional synthetic aperture ladar, however, holographic aperture ladar makes use of a two-dimensional translating sensor array, not simply a translating point detector. Also unlike in conventional synthetic aperture ladar, holographic aperture images will be formed in the two orthogonal cross-range dimensions parallel and perpendicular to the sensor platform's direction of motion. The central focus is on the development of the stripmap and spotlight holographic aperture transformations. These transformations will allow sequentially collected pupil plane field segments to be coherently stitched together in order to synthesize complex pupil plane fields with larger spatial extent. The challenge in this process is in accounting for the practical fact that both the receiver aperture and the transmitter will be in motion in real-world airborne applications. However, we demonstrate that, owing to the synchronous motion of the transmitter and receiver, resolution enhancements of more than two (stripmap case) or three (spotlight case) times the ratio of the synthetic aperture to the real receiver aperture diameter can be realized. We also demonstrate that in practical applications the holographic aperture ladar image formation process is relatively insensitive to scene depth if a good estimate of nominal scene range is available.
Self-Assembly of a Designed Amyloid Peptide Containing the Functional Thienylalanine Unit (2010)

The self-assembly of a peptide based on a sequence from the amyloid beta peptide but incorporating the non-natural amino acid beta-2-thienylalanine (2-Thi) has been investigated in aqueous and methanol solutions. The peptide AAKLVFF was used as a design motif, replacing the phenylalanine residues (F) with 2-Thi units to yield (2-Thi)(2-Thi)VLKAA. The 2-Thi residues are expected to confer interesting electronic properties due to charge delocalization and pi-stacking. The peptide is shown to form beta-sheet-rich amyloid fibrils with a twisted morphology, in both water and methanol solutions at sufficiently high concentration. The formation of a self-assembling hydrogel is observed at high concentration. Detailed molecular modeling using molecular dynamics methods was performed using NOE constraints provided by 2D-NMR experiments. The conformational and charge properties of 2-Thi were modeled using quantum mechanical methods, and found to be similar to those previously reported for the beta-3-thienylalanine analogue. The molecular dynamics simulations reveal well-defined folded structures (turn-like) in dilute aqueous solution, driven by self-assembly of the hydrophobic aromatic units, with charged lysine groups exposed to water.
Research-to-Resource: Use of Technology to Support 21st Century Skills in a Performing Ensemble Program (2020)

In a global society, 21st century skills are fundamental for every student. Furthermore, in today’s digital world, technology is expected to be part of students’ learning experiences. In the following research-to-resource article, I provide practical strategies and ideas for integrating technology into a performing ensemble program in order to develop students’ 21st century skills. In particular, I provide specific practices which use technology to fulfill 21st century skill—creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, communication, technology literacy, and cross-cultural skills.
Development of a laser-based process chain for manufacturing free form optics (2012)

This paper presents the development of a laser based process chain for manufacturing fused silica optics. Due to disadvantages of conventional methods concerning costs and time when manufacturing optics with nonspherical shape, this process chain focuses on aspherical and free form surface geometries, but it is also capable of producing spherical optics. It consists of three laser based processing steps, which in combination produce the optics. In a first step, fused silica is ablated with laser radiation to produce the geometry of the optics. A subsequent laser polishing step reduces the surface roughness and a third step uses laser micro ablation to remove the last remaining redundant material. Most of the conducted experiments are carried out using CO<sub>2</sub> laser radiation, but it is also possible to ablate material with ultra short pulse laser radiation. Besides describing the experimental setup and the mechanisms of the ablation and polishing step, the paper presents and discusses results achieved to date. Although the process chain is still under development, the single process steps already reach promising results for themselves and moreover, first elements are manufactured using the first two process steps together.
Worldwide Incidence of Multidrug‐Resistant Tuberculosis (2002)

Planning for tuberculosis (TB) control requires an assessment of the number and distribution of drug-resistant cases. This study used results of resistance surveys from 64 countries, together with data predictive of resistance rates from 72 others, to estimate the number of new multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB cases that occurred in 2000. By these methods, an estimated 273,000 (95% confidence limits, 185,000 and 414,000) new cases of MDR TB occurred worldwide in 2000, 3.2% of all new TB cases. The analysis provides the first comprehensive set of estimates of the MDR TB burden by country and globally.
Race/Ethnicity and Informal Caregiver Burden After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Study (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Informal caregivers for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) face a range of unique issues, and racial/ethnic group differences in caregiver challenges are poorly understood. We undertook a scoping study of peer-reviewed literature to assess the quantity and quality of available research describing differences by race/ethnicity in informal caregiving roles and burden. <b>Methods:</b> Using Arksey and O'Malley's framework and guided by the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews, we conducted electronic searches of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts, Embase, and Scopus to identify peer-reviewed studies that examined TBI informal caregiver burden and reported on the influences of race or ethnicity. <b>Results:</b> Among 4523 unique publications identified and screened, 11 studies included sufficient race/ethnicity data and were included in the analysis. Of these, six studies described civilian populations and five described military Veterans Affairs (VA). Included studies revealed that nonwhite caregivers and white caregivers use different approaches and coping strategies in their caregiving role. Some studies found differences in caregiver burden by race or ethnicity, others did not. Most were limited by a small sample size and overdependence on assessment tools not validated for the purposes or populations for which they were used. This was particularly true for race/ethnicity as a factor in TBI caregiver burden in VA groups, where essential characteristics moderate the association of race/ethnicity with socioeconomic factors. <b>Conclusions:</b> This scoping study highlights the paucity of information on race/ethnicity as a factor in TBI caregiver burden and roles, and suggests that innovative and alternative approaches to research are needed to explore needed changes in practice.
L‐Nucleosides (2013)

This chapter provides an overview concerning the synthesis of L-nucleosides and their analogues. The first section deals with L-nucleosides, which maintain a close relationship with ribose and deoxyribose derivatives. The second section covers furanose nucleosides without the 2′ and 3′ hydroxyl groups. The third section talks about carbovir, which has been reported as the first carbocyclic nucleoside analogue, with potent anti-HIV activity in vitro; its discovery provided a base for the synthesis of other carbocyclic analogues. Among all types of aza-nucleosides, five-membered pyrrolidine-type nucleosides have been investigated particularly because of their high similarity with naturally occurring nucleosides. Next, the chapter talks about the thionucleosides. Several purine and pyrimidine-L-dioxolane nucleosides have been reported using the acetoxy dioxolane 370 as a glycosyl donor for condensation under classical Vorbrüggen conditions. The final section talks about the oxathiolanyl nucleosides.