gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Planck intermediate results - XVI. Profile likelihoods for cosmological parameters (2014)

We explore the 2013 Planck likelihood function with a high-precision multi-dimensional minimizer (Minuit). This allows a refinement of the CDM best-fit solution with respect to previously-released results, and the construction of frequentist confidence intervals using profile likelihoods. The agreement with the cosmological results from the Bayesian framework is excellent, demonstrating the robustness of the Planck results to the statistical methodology. We investigate the inclusion of neutrino masses, where more significant differences may appear due to the non-Gaussian nature of the posterior mass distribution. By applying the Feldman-Cousins prescription, we again obtain results very similar to those of the Bayesian methodology. However, the profile-likelihood analysis of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) combination (Planck+WP+highL) reveals a minimum well within the unphysical negative-mass region. We show that inclusion of the Planck CMB-lensing information regularizes this issue, and provide a robust frequentist upper limit σmv ≤0:26 eV (95% confidence) from the CMB+lensing+BAO data combination. © ESO 2014.
Low carbon biodegradable polymer matrices for sustainable future (2021)

One of the crowning glories of 20th century was the development of petroleum-based plastics. Eighty years later, with pioneering advances and series of breakthroughs in research and industrial innovations, plastics have become an integral part of our everyday lives. While the applications of plastics are multifarious, their unrestricted disposal is causing damage to the ecosystem services and biodiversity. Furthermore, the plastic economy entirely relies on non-renewable, climate-changing petrochemical resources. A circular economy (CE), which aims to retain plastics at their highest value for a longest period of time in the system is one of the strategies to overcome these challenges. The present article discusses about strategies that can be employed to incorporate circularity and concepts of CE in plastics production systems. It emphasizes that although CE aims at design out waste, it needs to go a step ahead and also consider the impact of raw materials, the entire product value chain and end-of life options to achieve sustainability. It captures the emerging area of biodegradable low carbon polymers from renewable resources with an emphasis on technical and environmental advantages that contribute to the reduction in carbon footprints. Research carried out from a sustainability standpoint by considering CO2 emissions right from production stage to end-of-life that helps in achieving a low carbon economy is reviewed. Some challenges that need to be addressed for future work, the potential role of sustainability analysis in enhancing the use of biopolymers are summarized. Furthermore, it sheds light on integrating a low carbon economy with the CE to achieve a holistic and sustainable plastics production value chain.
MAIPAN: middleware for application interconnection in personal area networks (2005)

This paper proposes a middleware that creates a dynamically changeable, but uniform computing environment for personal area networks (PANs). The middleware hides the physical scatteredness and the dynamically changing configuration of the PAN and presents its capabilities as a single computer. Using the uniform application programming interface (API) offered by the middleware, developers creating distributed applications do not have to take care of various PAN configurations or PAN dynamics. The solution provides easy set-up of PANs and transparent redirection of ongoing dataflows.
Ferroelectric thick-films for piezoelectric applications (1994)

Abstract Crystalline lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) powder was combined with amorphous Pb5Ge2SiO11 (PGS) powder to produce a low firing piezoelectric composite material. The amorphous powder acts as a sintering aid, and then crystallizes into an additional ferroelectric phase which contributes to the electrical properties. Piezoelectricity was observed both in thick-films and pellets fired at 850°C, suggesting that this material could potentially be incorporated into low fired multilayer packages as a sensor or actuator.
Realistic simulation of the 3-D growth of brain tumors in MR images coupling diffusion with biomechanical deformation (2005)

We propose a new model to simulate the three-dimensional (3-D) growth of glioblastomas multiforma (GBMs), the most aggressive glial tumors. The GBM speed of growth depends on the invaded tissue: faster in white than in gray matter, it is stopped by the dura or the ventricles. These different structures are introduced into the model using an atlas matching technique. The atlas includes both the segmentations of anatomical structures and diffusion information in white matter fibers. We use the finite element method (FEM) to simulate the invasion of the GBM in the brain parenchyma and its mechanical interaction with the invaded structures (mass effect). Depending on the considered tissue, the former effect is modeled with a reaction-diffusion or a Gompertz equation, while the latter is based on a linear elastic brain constitutive equation. In addition, we propose a new coupling equation taking into account the mechanical influence of the tumor cells on the invaded tissues. The tumor growth simulation is assessed by comparing the in-silico GBM growth with the real growth observed on two magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of a patient acquired with 6 mo difference. Results show the feasibility of this new conceptual approach and justifies its further evaluation.
I2V message architecture of DSSS (driving safety support systems) and LDM(local dynamic map) (2012)

For Infrastructure to Vehicle (I2V) communication based cooperative systems, it is indispensable to grasp accurate travel distance between intended vehicles and target objects notified from RSU (Road Side Units) so that OBU (On-Board Units) can judge the presence and severity of dangers against the target objects. Thus, Local Dynamic Map (LDM), which is the technology to put the position of intended vehicles and target objects on a map and to express the relative distances, attracts attention. On the other hand, Driving Safety Support Systems (DSSS), which has been studied by the Universal Traffic Management Society (UTMS), realizes the function corresponding to LDM by defining dedicated map data as road topology information around target intersections where services are provided, and offering it to OBE through I2V communications. In this paper, the authors introduce the architecture of I2V message sets of DSSS as well as the structure of road topology information as a practical use case with LDM.
Long Noncoding RNAs in Metabolic Syndrome Related Disorders (2016)

Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are very complex and their all functions have yet to be fully clarified. Noncoding genes (noncoding RNA, sequences, and pseudogenes) comprise 67% of all genes and they are represented by housekeeping noncoding RNAs (transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)) that are engaged in basic cellular processes and by regulatory noncoding RNA (short and long noncoding RNA (ncRNA)) that are important for gene expression/transcript stability. In this review, we summarize data concerning the significance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in metabolic syndrome related disorders, focusing on adipose tissue and pancreatic islands.
Automated application-level checkpointing of MPI programs (2003)

The running times of many computational science applications, such as protein-folding using ab initio methods, are much longer than the mean-time-to-failure of high-performance computing platforms. To run to completion, therefore, these applications must tolerate hardware failures.In this paper, we focus on the stopping failure model in which a faulty process hangs and stops responding to the rest of the system. We argue that tolerating such faults is best done by an approach called application-level coordinated non-blocking checkpointing, and that existing fault-tolerance protocols in the literature are not suitable for implementing this approach.We then present a suitable protocol, which is implemented by a co-ordination layer that sits between the application program and the MPI library. We show how this protocol can be used with a precompiler that instruments C/MPI programs to save application and MPI library state. An advantage of our approach is that it is independent of the MPI implementation. We present experimental results that argue that the overhead of using our system can be small.
Grafting of maleic anhydride on polyethylene. III. Influence of polyethylene concentration on the course of the reaction in a homogeneous medium (1969)

Abstract The effect of the polymer concentration on the grafting of maleic anhydride on polyethylene was studied at different temperatures and at different monomer and initiator concentration. The character of the curves obtained suggests the importance of the termination reactions and the appearance of the gel effect at higher polymer concentrations.
The cutaneous pathology of lupus erythematosus: a review (2001)

The presentation of lupus erythematosus (LE) ranges from a skin rash unaccompanied by extracutaneous stigmata to a rapidly progressive lethal multiorgan disease. The diagnosis and subclassification is traditionally based on the correlation of serological and clinical findings. The latter include a photoinduced skin rash, arthralgia, arthritis, fever, Raynaud's phenomenon, anemia, leukopenia, serositis, nephritis and central nervous sysdtem disease. The conventional classification scheme includes systemic, subacute cutaneous and discoid LE. Recent advances in our understanding of the cutaneous histopathology which correlates with the traditional forms of LE, along with certain novel LE subtypes, are the focus of this review. In addition to the main subtypes of LE, we will discuss associated vasculopathic lesions and the contribution of immunofluorescence microscopy to the diagnosis of LE and related connective tissue disease syndromes. Consideration will be given to unusual variants of LE such as anti-Ro/SSA-positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), bullous SLE, lymphomatoid LE, lupus erythematosus profundus, drug induced LE, linear cutaneous LE, chiblains LE and parvovirus B19-associated LE.
Enhanced and persistent photocurrents in bulk semi- insulating GaAs at low temperatures (2005)

Enhanced and persistent photocurrents have been observed in many Czochralski GaAs samples. The temporal and thermal properties of the enhanced and persistent photocurrents have been studied. The temperature dependence of the persistent photocurrent suggests that at least two different persistent effects are being observed, one below 40K and another, separate mechanism above this temperature. It is proposed that the low temperature enhanced and persistent photocurrents are due, in addition to the transformation of EL2 into its metastable state, to a second bistable transformation.
Characterization of Collagen Thin Films for von Willebrand Factor Binding and Platelet Adhesion (2011)

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) binding and platelet adhesion to subendothelial collagens are initial events in thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury. These events are often studied in vitro using flow assays designed to mimic vascular hemodynamics. Flow assays commonly employ collagen-functionalized substrates, but a lack of standardized methods of surface ligation limits their widespread use as a clinical diagnostic. Here, we report the use of collagen thin films (CTF) in flow assays. Thin films were grown on hydrophobic substrates from type I collagen solutions of increasing concentration (10, 100, and 1000 μg/mL). We found that the corresponding increase in fiber surface area determined the amount of VWF binding and platelet adhesion. The association rate constant (k(a)) of plasma VWF binding at a wall shear stress of 45 dyn/cm(2) was 0.3 × 10(5), 1.8 × 10(5), and 1.6 × 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) for CTF grown from 10, 100, and 1000 μg/mL solutions, respectively. We observed a 5-fold increase in VWF binding capacity with each 10-fold increase in collagen solution concentration. The association rates of Ser1731Thr and His1786Asp VWF mutants with collagen binding deficiencies were 9% and 22%, respectively, of wild-type rates. Using microfluidic devices for blood flow assays, we observed that CTF supported platelet adhesion at a wall shear rate of 1000 s(-1). CTF grown from 10 and 100 μg/mL solutions had variable levels of platelet surface coverage between multiple normal donors. However, CTF substrates grown from 1000 μg/mL solutions had reproducible surface coverage levels (74 ± 17%) between normal donors, and there was significantly diminished surface coverage from two type 1 von Willebrand disease patients (8.0% and 24%). These results demonstrate that collagen thin films are homogeneous and reproducible substrates that can measure dysfunctions in VWF binding and platelet adhesion under flow in a clinical microfluidic assay format.
Counter-propagating Spatially Entangled Bell-states Generation in Photonic Crystal Waveguides (2016)

We developed a general method for direct and fully integrated generation of photon pairs in counter-propagating spatially entangled Bell-states using parametric down-conversion in photonic crystal slab waveguides without the need for periodic poling.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Correlation with the Histologic Differentiation and the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (2010)

The histopathological differentiation of HCC shows inverse correlation with the ADC value. Therefore, DWI with ADC measurement may be a valuable tool for noninvasively predicting the differentiation of HCC.
Antigen Presentation by Exosomes Released from Peptide-Pulsed Dendritic Cells Is not Suppressed by the Presence of Active CTL (2007)

Despite the potency of dendritic cells (DCs) as a vaccine carrier, they are short-lived and sensitive to CTL-mediated elimination. Thus, it is believed that the longevity of Ag presentation by peptide-pulsed DC is limited in vivo. Surprisingly, however, we found that although the majority of injected DCs disappeared from the draining lymph nodes within 7 days, Ag presentation persisted for at least 14 days following DC immunization. This prolonged Ag presentation was not mediated by the remaining injected DCs or through Ag transfer to endogenous APCs. We provide evidence that exosomes released by DCs might be responsible for the persistence of Ag presentation. Functional exosomes could be recovered from the draining lymph nodes of C57BL/6 mice following DC vaccination and, in contrast to DCs, T cell stimulation by exosomes in vivo was not affected by the presence of CTL. Our findings demonstrate that Ag presentation following delivery of DC vaccines persists for longer than expected and indicate that the exosome may play a previously unrecognized role in Ag presentation following DC vaccination. Furthermore, our study reinforces the application of exosomes as a vaccination platform and suggests that exosome-based vaccines may be advantageous for booster immunizations due to their resistance to CTL.
Recent Trends in the Initial Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer in Japan (2014)

Compared with previous Japanese studies, radiation use was increased by ∼10%. This increased proportion of radiation use was a typical trend in initial therapy for newly diagnosed prostate cancer cases in Japan. Although androgen depletion therapy use was decreased, it was selected in a high proportion of the patients irrespective of the disease stage.
High Stability Self-Injection Locked Laser (2019)

We demonstrate a miniature self-injection locked 1550 nm laser characterized with Allan deviation of 10-12 at 1s integration time. The stability is achieved using a composite crystalline monolithic optical resonator. The thermal stabilization on the order of 10 μK at 1s is achieved using a standard thermo-electric element.
IHC-based subcellular quantification provides new insights into prognostic relevance of FLIP and procaspase-8 in non-small-cell lung cancer (2017)

In this study, we developed an image analysis algorithm for quantification of two potential apoptotic biomarkers in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): FLIP and procaspase-8. Immunohistochemical expression of FLIP and procaspase-8 in 184 NSCLC tumors were assessed. Individual patient cores were segmented and classified as tumor and stroma using the Definiens Tissue Studio. Subsequently, chromogenic expression of each biomarker was measured separately in the nucleus and cytoplasm and reported as a quantitative histological score. The software package pROC was applied to define biomarker thresholds. Cox proportional hazards analysis was applied to generate hazard ratios (HRs) and associated 95% CI for survival. High cytoplasmic expression of tumoral (but not stromal) FLIP was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of death in lung adenocarcinoma patients, even when adjusted for known confounders (HR 2.47, 95% CI 1.14-5.35). Neither nuclear nor cytoplasmic tumoral procaspase-8 expression was associated with overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients; however, there was a significant trend (<i>P</i> for trend=0.03) for patients with adenocarcinomas with both high cytoplasmic FLIP and high cytoplasmic procaspase-8 to have a multiplicative increased risk of death. Notably, high stromal nuclear procaspase-8 expression was associated with a reduced risk of death in lung adenocarcinoma patients (adjusted HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.15-0.66). On further examination, the cells with high nuclear procaspase-8 were found to be of lymphoid origin, suggesting that the better prognosis of patients with tumors with high stromal nuclear procaspase-8 is related to immune infiltration, a known favorable prognostic factor. No significant associations were detected in analysis of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. Our results suggest that cytoplasmic expression of FLIP in the tumor and nuclear expression of procaspase-8 in the stroma are prognostically relevant in non-small-cell adenocarcinomas but not in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung.
Invited Presentation: Microstructured Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes (2014)

The tremendous success of lithium-ion batteries as power source for portable electronic devices since their first commercialization in 1991, marking a breakthrough in battery technology, has rendered them as the most promising energy storage devices for hybrid and, most likely, fully electric vehicles. However, further improvement in terms of energy and power density is still needed in order to meet the demands of modern society’s transportation requirements. Particularly with respect to the anode side, recent research activities have shown the great benefit of nanostructuring the active material particles in order to combine high rate performance and large specific capacities for alternative anode materials, especially those undergoing rather large volume changes upon (de-)lithiation. However, nanosized particles suffer several safety, health, and processability issues. We have recently proposed several composites of carbon and nanomaterials as alternative anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Several examples of micro-structured, insertion, alloying, and conversion-alloying nanomaterials will be presented, showing an enhanced performance compared to “simple” nanoparticles only.
Reply on RC1 (2021)

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> The aquatic eddy covariance technique stands out as a powerful method for benthic <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>2</sub></span> flux measurements in shelf environments because it integrates effects of naturally varying drivers of the flux such as current flow and light. In conventional eddy covariance instruments, the time shift caused by spatial separation of the measuring locations of flow and <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>2</sub></span> concentration can produce substantial flux errors that are difficult to correct. We here introduce a triple <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>2</sub></span> sensor eddy covariance instrument (3OEC) that by instrument design eliminates these errors. This is achieved by positioning three <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>2</sub></span> sensors around the flow measuring volume, which allows the <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>2</sub></span> concentration to be calculated at the point of the current flow measurements. The new instrument was tested in an energetic coastal environment with highly permeable coral reef sands colonised by microphytobenthos. Parallel deployments of the 3OEC and a conventional eddy covariance system (2OEC) demonstrate that the new instrument produces more consistent fluxes with lower error margin. 3OEC fluxes in general were lower than 2OEC fluxes, and the nighttime fluxes recorded by the two instruments were statistically different. We attribute this to the elimination of uncertainties associated with the time shift correction. The deployments at <span class="inline-formula">â¼</span>â10â<span class="inline-formula">m</span> water depth revealed high day- and nighttime <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>2</sub></span> fluxes despite the relatively low organic content of the coarse sediment and overlying water. High light utilisation efficiency of the microphytobenthos and bottom currents increasing pore water exchange facilitated the high benthic production and coupled respiration. 3OEC measurements after sunset documented a gradual transfer of negative flux signals from the small turbulence generated at the sedimentâwater interface to the larger wave-dominated eddies of the overlying water column that still carried a positive flux signal, suggesting concurrent fluxes in opposite directions depending on eddy size and a memory effect of large eddies. The results demonstrate that the 3OEC can improve the precision of benthic flux measurements, including measurements in environments considered challenging for the eddy covariance technique, and thereby produce novel insights into the mechanisms that control flux. We consider the fluxes produced by this instrument for the permeable reef sands the most realistic achievable with present-day technology.