gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All optical frequency domain photoacoustic microscope based on two-wave mixing in a photo-refractive crystal (2016)

Optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) provides functional and molecular information at the cellular scale. OR-PAM typically employs ultrasonic transducers, which require coupling with tissue, to detect the thermo-elastic waves generated in tissues irradiated by nanosecond laser. Images are acquired by scanning the excitation beam, which is usually focused to a spot size of a few microns, i.e., lateral resolution. However, the axial resolution is constrained to an order of magnitude lower by the bandwidth of the transducer used. Additionally, imaging depth of OR-PAM is constrained to the depth that allows ballistic photons, which is usually less than 1 mm. We present an All Optical Frequency Domain Photoacoustic Microscope where the photoacoustic signal is generated by an amplitude modulated CW laser and detected using a two wave mixing (interferometer) in a photorefractive crystal. Sweeping the amplitude-modulation frequency and using an ultra-broadband optical detector can potentially provide detection bandwidths greater than conventional OR-PAM, e.g., 100-200 MHz. The loss in efficiency of photoacoustic excitation associated with violating the stress-confinement condition is overcome by using a lock-in amplifier. This method promises a high-fidelity microscopy system that does not require acoustic coupling while reducing associated costs and footprint. [Work supported by NIH-NEI 1R21EY023012.]
QUALITY OF BREAD SUPPLEMENTED WITH SILVER EAR (2010)

ABSTRACT Silver ear ( Tremella fuciformis Berkeley) was used to substitute wheat flour to make bread. Bread quality including specific volume, color and sensory evaluation, and taste components including proximate composition, soluble sugars, free amino acids and 5′‐nucleotides in bread supplemented with silver ear were analyzed and compared with those of white bread. White bread and 5% silver ear bread had a comparable proximate composition. Specific volumes of 2% and 5% silver ear breads and white bread were 4.02, 3.96 and 3.79 cm 3 /g, respectively. Both breads contained considerately low amounts of monosodium glutamate‐like and sweet components of free amino acids and flavor 5′‐nucleotides. The white bread looked lighter and whiter than 5% silver ear bread. All sensory results indicated that two breads were moderately acceptable. Overall, silver ear could be incorporated into bread to provide its beneficial health effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Silver ear mushroom ( Tremella fuciformis Berkeley) is commonly used as food in Oriental countries and is also a traditional Chinese medicine. The mushroom can be added to food as a supplement to extend and broaden its consumption and provide the beneficial health effects through various food products. Bread is consumed all over the world and many food ingredients have been included in bread formulation to increase its diversity, nutritional value and product appeal. Accordingly, the mushroom was used to substitute wheat flour to make bread. Bread quality including specific volume, color and sensory evaluation, and taste components including proximate composition, soluble sugars, free amino acids and 5′‐nucleotides in silver ear bread were valuable information for its practical application. The present work showed that silver ear could be incorporated into bread to provide its beneficial health effects.
Nucleophilicity Studies of Reactions in Which the Displaced Group Is a Neutral Molecule (1987)

A comparison of the rates of solvolysis of the tert-butyldimethylsulfonium ion and the 1-adamantyldimethylsulfonium ion presents strong evidence that the solvent dependence of the tert-butyldimethylsulfonium ion solvolysis rates is governed primarily by solvent nucleophilicity effects. Leaving-group contributions based upon 1-adamantyldimethylsulfonium ion solvolyses are better incorporated into the establishment of the solvent nucleophilicity scale based upon triethyloxonium ion solvolysis. Alternative solvent nucleophilicity scales based upon the solvolysis of S-methylbenzothiophenium ions are discussed. Analyses of the extent of nucleophilic participation by the solvent in the solvolyses of methyldiphenylsulfonium and benzhydryldimethylsulfonium ion will be presented. The relative nucleophilicities of various anionic and neutral nucleophiles toward the triethyloxonium ion in ethanol have been determined.
GaAs films grown by vacuum chemical epitaxy using thermally precracked trimethyl-arsenic (1987)

Trimethyl-arsenic (TMAs) is used as a source of arsenic for GaAs film growth. In the process used, vacuum chemical epitaxy, TMAs is thermally decomposed into arsenic upstream in a hot cracker furnace. The arsenic and stable hydrocarbons are then transported in vacuum without condensation to the epitaxial growth zone. The hole carrier concentration and carbon content in grown films are studied via Hall, electrochemical profile, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy as a function of cracker furnace design. It is shown that when the TMAs decomposition efficiency is poor, the carbon content can be as high as 1019/cm3 but for a more efficient cracker, the carbon content can be reduced into the 1016/cm3 range. Toxic injury hazards can be reduced substantially by substituting TMAs for the more widely used arsine in GaAs growth systems.
Supplementary Table 2 from Clinical Predictors for Germline Mutations in Head and Neck Paraganglioma Patients: Cost Reduction Strategy in Genetic Diagnostic Process as Fall-Out (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Clinical Predictors for Germline Mutations in Head and Neck Paraganglioma Patients: Cost Reduction Strategy in Genetic Diagnostic Process as Fall-Out
Method for optimizing the correction of the eye’s higher-order aberrations in the presence of decentrations (2002)

The use of a correcting element to compensate for higher-order aberrations in an optical system often requires accurate alignment of the correcting element. This is not always possible, as in the case of a contact lens on the eye. We propose a method consisting of partial correction of every aberration term to minimize the average variance of the residual wave-front aberration produced by Gaussian decentrations (translations and rotations). Analytical expressions to estimate the fraction of every aberration term that should be corrected for a given amount of decentration are derived. To demonstrate the application of this method, three examples are used to compare performance with total and with partial correction. The partial correction is more robust and always yields some benefit regardless of the amount of decentration.
Article on PVC Pipe Raises Questions (2016)

This paper studies Raman spectra of methanol atpressures from 169.2 MPa up to 713.8 MPa and at ambient temperature. The result shows that the spectral profile of stretching vibrational modes of CH and OH gradually changes and Raman shift moves to higher and lower frequency respectively with increasing pressure, which indicates that the energy of C-H bonding increases with pressure, and the influence of hydrogen bonding on O-H function group is greater than that of pressure. In addition, the relative peak area of O-H stretch band decreases with pressure, showing that the total intensity of O-H bonding is weaker compared with C-H bonding.
Source-specific routing (2015)

Source-specific routing (not to be confused with source routing) is a routing technique where routing decisions depend on both the source and the destination address of a packet. Source-specific routing solves some difficult problems related to multihoming, notably in edge networks, and is therefore a useful addition to the multihoming toolbox. In this paper, we describe the semantics of source-specific packet forwarding, and describe the design and implementation of a source-specific extension to the Babel routing protocol as well as its implementation - to our knowledge, the first complete implementation of a source-specific dynamic routing protocol -, including a disambiguation algorithm that makes our implementation work over widely available networking APIs. We further discuss interoperability between ordinary next-hop and source-specific dynamic routing protocols. Our implementation has seen a moderate amount of deployment, notably as a testbed for the IETF Homenet working group.
Identification of susceptibility loci for autoimmune thyroid disease to 5q31-q33 and Hashimoto's thyroiditis to 8q23-q24 by multipoint affected sib-pair linkage analysis in Japanese (2001)

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), is caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. The clinical and immunological features of GD and HT are distinct; however, there are multiplex families with both GD and HT, and cases in which GD evolves into HT. Thus, there may be specific susceptibility loci for GD or HT, and common loci controlling the susceptibility to both GD and HT may exist. A genome-wide analysis of data on 123 Japanese sib-pairs affected with AITD was made in which GD- or HT-affected sib-pairs (ASPs) were studied to detect GD- or HT-specific susceptibility loci, and all AITD-ASPs were used to detect AITD-common susceptibility loci. Our study revealed 19 regions on 14 chromosomes (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 18 and 22) where the multipoint maximum LOD score (MLS) was >1. Especially, chromosome 5q31-q33 yielded suggestive evidence for linkage to AITD as a whole, with an MLS of 3.14 at D5S436, and chromosome 8q23-q24 yielded suggestive evidence for linkage to HT, with an MLS of 3.77 at D8S272. These observations suggest the presence of an AITD susceptibility locus at 5q31-q33 and a HT susceptibility locus at 8q23-q24.
Rigid bender analysis of van der Waals complexes: The intermolecular bending potential of a hydrogen bond (1992)

High resolution ir data on weakly bound OCOHF complexes formed in a slit supersonic expansion reveal a progression of extremely low frequency vibrational levels associated with the bending of the OCO–HF hydrogen bond. In a previous paper [J. Chem. Phys. 93, 7716 (1990)], we presented a spectroscopic analysis of the fundamental, combination and hot bands observed, corresponding to transitions between vlbend=00, 11, 20, 22, and 31, where vlbend denotes quanta of OCOHF skeletal bend excitation with l units of vibrational angular momentum. In this paper, we analyze the rotationally resolved data in terms of the rigid bender formalism of Hougen, Bunker and Johns to determine an explicit angular potential, V(θ), for the OCOHF complex in both the HF ground (vHF=0) and vibrationally excited (vHF=1) state. The OCOHF ground state (vHF=0) potential is dominated by quartic and sextic angular terms, and thus is surprisingly shallow with respect to the bending angle. This quasilinear vibrational behavior is characterized by wide amplitude bending wave functions with zero point motion extending from −38° to +38°. In contrast, the OCOHF excited state (vHF=1) exhibits a significantly bent equilibrium geometry with a hydrogen bond bend angle of 31°±5°, corresponding to a cylindrically symmetric, noncolinear minimum in the potential. This shift in equilibrium geometry upon vHF excitation is quantitatively responsible for promoting Δvbend=0,2,... combination band vibrational modes, in analogy with Franck–Condon progressions in a bent←linear electronic transition. The predissociation lifetimes for vHF=1 excited OCOHF vary systematically with vlbend, and can be analyzed in terms of a geometry dependent predissociation rate which increases with bending of the hydrogen bond angle. These empirical bending potentials are in qualitative agreement with, but quantitatively much shallower than predicted by previous electrostatic and ab initio calculations, and differ fundamentally from the traditional notions of a relatively stiff, linear hydrogen bond. The present results on the hydrogen bond potential surface for O=C=O---HF are consistent with statistical analyses of–C=O---H–N hydrogen bond angles obtained from x-ray crystallographic studies of proteins.
Congenital Heart Disease (2001)

Abstract Cardiac MRI plays a pivotal role in both anatomical and functional assessment of shunts, admixture lesions, transpositions, and the surgical correction of these lesions. This unit presents basic techniques for the evaluation of congenital heart disease. While sequence parameters described are meant to be as generic as possible, parameters are most appropriate for the Siemens 1.5 T Vision or Symphony, and may need to be altered for magnets of different field strengths and manufacturers.
Biosynthesis of Defensive Coccinellidae Alkaloids: Incorporation of Fatty Acids in Adaline, Coccinelline, and Harmonine (2012)

Abstract In this study, we report on in vitro incorporation experiments of several labelled fatty acids in the ladybird alkaloids coccinelline ( Coccinella 7‐punctata ), adaline ( Adalia 2‐punctata ), and harmonine ( Harmonia axyridis ). The obtained results clearly indicate that stearic acid is the precursor of coccinelline and harmonine, whereas myristic acid is at the origin of the carbon skeleton of adaline. Possible pathways for the biosynthesis of these alkaloids are presented.
Elk nadeel heb z’n voordeel: hoe de coronacrisis ons onderwijsontwerp uitdaagt (2020)

In maart 2020 stond heel het onderwijsland op zijn kop. We gingen in één klap over naar afstandsonderwijs, waarbij het fysieke deel nagenoeg één-op-één in een online jasje werd gestoken. Al snel bleek echter, dat dit niet goed werkte. Het sociale aspect, dat veelal spontaan op de fysieke campus plaatsvond, viel weg en de focus lag met name op de formele kant van onderwijs. Ten onrechte concludeerden veel onderwijsprofessionals dat online onderwijs inferieur is en mogelijk leidt tot vervreemding. Dat is zorgwekkend, want online onderwijs is op zichzelf niet beter of slechter. Het is anders, en vereist dus ook een andere aanpak. In de quick fix die plaatsvond was alleen geen tijd voor een goed (her)ontwerp, waarin de verschillende functies van onderwijs tot hun recht komen. Die tijd is nu echter aangebroken.
Modified Crossed Leg Raising Test and Sciatica (1984)

A modification of the crossed leg raising test has been helpful in identifying patients with intervertebral disc disorders. Simultaneous flexion of the neck and elevation of the contralateral leg produced pain in the ipsilateral (presenting) sciatic notch in five patients with either free fragments or herniated disc found at operation. All patients were symptom-free postoperatively.
Transient Nonlinear Refraction of Air in the Mid-IR (2020)

By exciting in both the Near-IR and Mid-IR and probing in the mid-IR, using the polarization-resolved Beam Deflection Technique, the bound electronic nonlinear refractive index of air is measured below the ionization threshold.
Electron stimulated desorption of anions and cations from condensed allyl glycidyl ether (2010)

We report measurements of the electron stimulated desorption (ESD) of anions and cations from thin films of allyl glycidyl ether (AGE), formed by condensation onto multilayer Kr and Pt substrates using a high sensitivity time of flight mass analyser. Measurements were performed as a function of film thickness, incident electron energy (E(i)) and effective incident current. Below incident electron energies of 20 eV the desorption of anions is dominated by the process of dissociative electron attachment (DEA) via several transient negative ions at E(i) between 5.5 and 16.5 eV. Comparisons between measurements for AGE and ethyl oxirane show that the ESD of anions is essentially that of the glycidyl (epoxide) ring, though DEA occurring at the ether, within the linear part of the AGE molecule is also observed. Cation yields are dominated by the desorption of small fragments formed via scission of the same ether bond.
Cardiac magnetic resonance findings predicting mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2016)

• Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is useful for prognostication in pulmonary arterial hypertension. • Right ventricular ejection fraction is the strongest predictor of mortality. • Serial CMR evaluation seems to be of additional prognostic importance. • Accurate prognostication can aid in adequate and timely intensification of PAH-specific therapy.
Avoiding drying-artifacts in transmission electron microscopy: Characterizing the size and colloidal state of nanoparticles (2015)

Standard transmission electron microscopy nanoparticle sample preparation generally requires the complete removal of the suspending liquid. Drying often introduces artifacts, which can obscure the state of the dispersion prior to drying and preclude automated image analysis typically used to obtain number-weighted particle size distribution. Here we present a straightforward protocol for prevention of the onset of drying artifacts, thereby allowing the preservation of in-situ colloidal features of nanoparticles during TEM sample preparation. This is achieved by adding a suitable macromolecular agent to the suspension. Both research- and economically-relevant particles with high polydispersity and/or shape anisotropy are easily characterized following our approach (http://bsa.bionanomaterials.ch), which allows for rapid and quantitative classification in terms of dimensionality and size: features that are major targets of European Union recommendations and legislation.
Using Tracers to Characterize Petroleum Reservoirs: Application to Carmopolis Field, Brazil (2001)

Abstract A specific area under water injection in the Carmópolis field, Brazil, is been considered a candidate area for a polymer pilot project for mobility control. A reservoir characterization and an evaluation of the polymer performance in this high heterogeneous reservoir were required. For this purpose, radioactive, fluorescent and chemical tracers were applied associated with polymer in a reduced area. The tracer technology has an enormous potential use in Petrobras scenario and this Carmópolis field application was an opportunity to obtain know-how. This paper describes the basic steps from the laboratory tests to the final application including design and programming of field operation. The interpretation of the results using a new approach is also addressed.
THE COMPOSITION OF THE PECTORALIS MUSCLES OF SOME PASSERINE BIRDS (1963)

Although both the pectoralis major and the pectoralis minor muscles of a number of species of passerine birds are red in color, the pectoralis majors are composed of only one type of fiber, a dark fiber, while the pectoralis minors are composed of dark and pale fibers. The two fibers differ in size and in fibrillar and non-fibrillar content. In the pectoralis minor muscles of the snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis, the ratio of dark to pale fibers is about two to one but this ratio differs in other species. It is suggested that the two types of fiber serve different functions in the pectoralis muscles and thus affect the mode of flight.
The Human Experience (1991)

William Faulkner said: ‘The primary job that any writer faces is to tell you a story, a story out of human experience — I mean by that, universal mutual experience, the anguishes and troubles and griefs of the human heart, which is universal, without regard to race or time or condition’.
Taking advantage of load voltage sensitivity to stabilize power system frequency (2013)

This paper analyzes the provision of a new dynamic frequency support to isolated power systems using a fast control of the load through the grid voltage. This control has appealing advantages, among which: 1) no impact on customers provided that their voltage remains within admissible limits, 2) the only communication that is required is the grid voltage itself and 3) the response is almost instantaneous. The possible solutions for implementing such a concept in practice are reviewed, and a shortlist of selected options is characterized using dynamic simulations. The results show that it is possible to take advantage of load voltage sensitivity to improve the transient behavior of isolated power systems following major outages. The proposed control can be put in place by adding a new feature to the voltage regulators of conventional generation assets.
601 Influence of entry pressure loss in measurement of first normal stress difference by sliding cylinder method(2) (2006)

The sliding concentric cylinder technique has been discussed to evaluate the first normal stress difference of viscoelastic fluids. The entry pressure loss at the bottom of the bob was ignored in the previous study. In order to estimate the entry pressure loss, the three bobs were made. They have the same diameter but their length is different. The same technique of Berkley plot was applied in this study and therefore the effect of the bob length on the reactive force was measured. The evaluated N1 was close to the value predicted from the results measured by the rheometers. On the other hand, the result of N1 with the correction of the entry pressure loss was affected by the bob length. It seems that the validity is lacked in this result.
Early Adverse Events and Attrition in Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment (2010)

Adverse events during selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment are frequent and may lead to premature treatment discontinuation. If attrition is associated with early worsening of adverse effects or the frequency, intensity, or burden of adverse effects, interventions to maximize retention could be focused on patients with these events. Outpatient participants (n = 265) with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder entered an 8-week trial with an SSRI. At baseline and week 2, specific adverse effects were evaluated with the Systematic Assessment for Treatment Emergent Events--Systematic Inquiry, and at week 2, the Frequency, Intensity, and Burden of Side Effects Rating globally assessed adverse effects. Attrition was defined by those participants who left treatment after week 2 but before week 8. No specific week 2 adverse effect, either treatment-emergent or with worsening intensity, was independently associated with attrition. Global ratings of adverse effect frequency, intensity, or burden at week 2 were also not associated with subsequent attrition. Neither global ratings nor specific adverse effects at week 2 were related to patient attrition during SSRI treatment. Other factors seem to contribute to patient decisions about continuing with treatment.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Nottingham Clinico-Pathological Response Index (NPRI) after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (Neo-ACT) Accurately Predicts Clinical Outcome in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 3. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for disease free survival (DFS; left panel) and corresponding forest plots (Right panel).&lt;/p&gt;
Preparation and Evaluation of TiO2Nanoparticle Thin Films using Electrophoresis Deposition Method (2011)

Thin films of synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were deposited by constant-current electrophoresis deposition in ethanol using colloid of various concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles. Thin films deposited in colloid of high concentration had the high density, no apparent cracks and the higher optical transparency. The eficiency of the fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells was improved using thin film of TiO2 nanoparticle deposited in colloid with high concentration. It was suggested that the thin film with high quality could be deposited by making the velocity of a TiO2 nanoparticle low because the linkage between TiO2 nanoparticles were promoted by oriented attachment mechanism.
Circulating SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Italy, October 2020-March 2021 (2021)

A growing number of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants is being identified worldwide, potentially impacting the effectiveness of current vaccines. We report the data obtained in several Italian regions involved in the SARS-CoV-2 variant monitoring from the beginning of the epidemic and spanning the period from October 2020 to March 2021.