gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of ion content and nitrogen species using a mixed chemistry plasma for GaN grown at extremely high growth rates &gt;9 μm/h by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2015)

Utilizing a modified nitrogen plasma source, plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) has been used to achieve higher growth rates in GaN. A higher conductance aperture plate, combined with higher nitrogen flow and added pumping capacity, resulted in dramatically increased growth rates up to 8.4 μm/h using 34 sccm of N2 while still maintaining acceptably low operating pressure. It was further discovered that argon could be added to the plasma gas to enhance growth rates up to 9.8 μm/h, which was achieved using 20 sccm of N2 and 7.7 sccm Ar flows at 600 W radio frequency power, for which the standard deviation of thickness was just 2% over a full 2 in. diameter wafer. A remote Langmuir style probe employing the flux gauge was used to indirectly measure the relative ion content in the plasma. The use of argon dilution at low plasma pressures resulted in a dramatic reduction of the plasma ion current by more than half, while high plasma pressures suppressed ion content regardless of plasma gas chemistry. Moreover, different trends are apparent for the molecular and atomic nitrogen species generated by varying pressure and nitrogen composition in the plasma. Argon dilution resulted in nearly an order of magnitude achievable growth rate range from 1 μm/h to nearly 10 μm/h. Even for films grown at more than 6 μm/h, the surface morphology remained smooth showing clear atomic steps with root mean square roughness less than 1 nm. Due to the low vapor pressure of Si, Ge was explored as an alternative n-type dopant for high growth rate applications. Electron concentrations from 2.2 × 1016 to 3.8 × 1019 cm−3 were achieved in GaN using Ge doping, and unintentionally doped GaN films exhibited low background electron concentrations of just 1–2 × 1015 cm−3. The highest growth rates resulted in macroscopic surface features due to Ga cell spitting, which is an engineering challenge still to be addressed. Nonetheless, the dramatically enhanced growth rates demonstrate great promise for the future of III-nitride devices grown by PAMBE.
Evaluation of the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of an Oral, Inactivated Whole-Cell Shigella flexneri 2a Vaccine in Healthy Adult Subjects (2016)

Shigella causes high morbidity and mortality worldwide, but there is no licensed vaccine for shigellosis yet. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a formalin-inactivated whole-cell Shigella flexneri2a vaccine, Sf2aWC, given orally to adult volunteers. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 82 subjects were randomized to receive three doses of vaccine in dose escalation (2.6 ± 0.8 × 10(8), × 10(9), × 10(10), and × 10(11)vaccine particles/ml). Vaccine safety was actively monitored, and antigen-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses were determined in serum, antibody in lymphocyte supernatant (ALS), and fecal samples. Cytokines were measured in the serum. Sf2aWC was well tolerated and generally safe at all four dose levels. The vaccine resulted in a dose-dependent immune response. At the highest dose, the vaccine induced robust responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in both serum and ALS samples. The highest magnitude and frequency of responses occurred after the first dose in almost all samples but was delayed for IgG in serum. Fifty percent of the vaccinees had a >4-fold increase in anti-LPS fecal antibody titers. Responses to invasion plasmid antigens (Ipa) were low. The levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-2, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-10 were increased, and IL-8 was decreased immediately after first dose, but these changes were very transient. This phase I trial demonstrated that the Sf2aWC vaccine, a relatively simple vaccine concept, was safe and immunogenic. The vaccine elicited immune responses which were comparable to those induced by a live, attenuated Shigella vaccine that was protective in prior human challenge studies.
Supplementary Data from Covalent JNK Inhibitor, JNK-IN-8, Suppresses Tumor Growth in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Activating TFEB- and TFE3-Mediated Lysosome Biogenesis and Autophagy (2023)

Supplementary Data from Covalent JNK Inhibitor, JNK-IN-8, Suppresses Tumor Growth in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Activating TFEB- and TFE3-Mediated Lysosome Biogenesis and Autophagy
Uncertainties in global aerosols and climate effects due to biofuel emissions (2015)

Abstract. Aerosol emissions from biofuel combustion impact both health and climate; however, while reducing emissions through improvements to combustion technologies will improve health, the net effect on climate is largely unconstrained. In this study, we examine sensitivities in global aerosol concentration, direct radiative climate effect, and cloud-albedo aerosol indirect climate effect to uncertainties in biofuel emission factors, optical mixing-state, and model nucleation and background SOA. We use the Goddard Earth Observing System global chemical-transport model (GEOS-Chem) with TwO Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) microphysics. The emission factors include: amount, composition, size and hygroscopicity, as well as optical mixing-state properties. We also evaluate emissions from domestic coal use, which is not biofuel but is also frequently emitted from homes. We estimate the direct radiative effect assuming different mixing states (internal, core-shell, and external) with and without absorptive organic aerosol (brown carbon). We find the global-mean direct radiative effect of biofuel emissions ranges from −0.02 to +0.06 W m−2 across all simulation/mixing state combinations with regional effects in source regions ranging from −0.2 to +1.2 W m−2. The global-mean cloud-albedo aerosol indirect effect ranges from +0.01 to −0.02 W m−2 with regional effects in source regions ranging from −1.0 to −0.05 W m−2. The direct radiative effect is strongly dependent on uncertainties in emissions mass, composition, emissions aerosol size distributions and assumed optical mixing state, while the indirect effect is dependent on the emissions mass, emissions aerosol size distribution and the choice of model nucleation and secondary organic aerosol schemes. The sign and magnitude of these effects have a strong regional dependence. We conclude that the climate effects of biofuel aerosols are largely unconstrained, and the overall sign of the aerosol effects is unclear due to uncertainties in model inputs. This uncertainty limits our ability to introduce mitigation strategies aimed at reducing biofuel black carbon emissions in order to counter warming effects from greenhouse-gases. To better understand the climate impact of particle emissions from biofuel combustion, we recommend field/laboratory measurements to narrow constraints on: (1) emissions mass, (2) emission size distribution, (3) mixing state, and (4) ratio of black carbon to organic aerosol.
Abstract 132: General Ward Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Events Are Becoming Near "Never Events": A Report from the Get With The Guidelines--Resuscitation Registry (2012)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the proportion of pediatric in-hospital CPR events occurring in intensive care units (ICUs) compared to general wards has increased over the last decade using a large national registry database. Hypothesis: The proportion of pediatric CPR provided in ICUs vs. general wards has increased over the past decade and this shift is associated with improved survival. Methods: We evaluated pediatric subjects Results: There were 5870 pediatric CPR events in the GWTG-R database between 2000-2010, of which 5477 (93.3%) occurred in ICUs compared to 393 (6.7%) on inpatient wards. Over time, significantly more of these CPR events occurred in the ICU compared to the wards (test for trend: p Conclusions: The proportion of pediatric CPR provided in the ICU vs. inpatient wards has increased significantly over the past decade. Survival to hospital discharge for index pediatric in-hospital CPR events increased concomitantly with the shift to the ICU.
Efficacy of anterior chamber decompression in controlling early intraocular pressure spikes after uneventful phacoemulsification (2003)

Marked IOP spikes developed in eyes without glaucoma or ocular hypertension after uneventful phacoemulsification. Anterior chamber decompression immediately lowered IOP, but the effect was transient.
End User Perception and Software Quality Assessment (1997)

The topic of software quality assessment is at the forefront of the software engineering movement. Many models of organization and quality control exist which serve to foster software quality and reliability (Bloom, McPheters & Tsiang, 1973; Brandl, 1990; Comer, 1988; Dunn, 1990; Kaplan, Clark & Tang, 1994; Livson, 1988; Musa, lannino & Okumoto, 1987). Some models now consider the software engineering project team and end users, but most still treat them as static contributors to the system. Major factors often ignored in most conventional models include the cybernetics of the process, and human factors which have a significant impact on the assessment of the quality of the software. Software environment, adaptability, and motivation have all been discussed as essential in creating a superior product. Yet, the factor of human perception has been either overlooked or avoided in the ensuing discussions. In software development the software engineers' perceptions as well as those of all potential end users, must be considered in order to ensure software quality and reliability.End User Perception and Software Quality Assessment
Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets is linked to chromosome 12p13. (1997)

Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) is an inherited disorder of isolated renal phosphate wasting, the pathogenesis of which is unknown. We performed a genome-wide linkage study in a large kindred to determine the chromosome location of the ADHR gene. Two-point LOD scores indicate that the gene is linked to the markers D12S314 [Z(theta) = 3.15 at theta = 0.0], vWf [Z(theta) = 5.32 at theta = 0.0], and CD4 [Z(theta) = 3.53 at theta = 0.0]. Moreover, multilocus analysis indicates that the ADHR gene locus is located on chromosome 12p13 in the 18-cM interval between the flanking markers D12S100 and D12S397. These data are the first to establish a chromosomal location for the ADHR locus and to provide a framework map to further localize the gene. Such studies will permit ultimate identification of the ADHR gene and provide further insight into phosphate homeostasis.
General Failure Model Applied to Preventive Maintenance Policies (1980)

The reliability behavior of systems is investigated if two types of failures can happen. Type 1 is removed by minimal repair, Type 2 by replacement. Reliability expressions are derived. The results are used for calculating the s-expected long-run cost rate for a generalized age replacement policy and repair limits.
Workshop on geophysical grain flows (1993)

“Geophysical Grain Flows: Fluid‐Grain Interactions in Coastal Sand Transport” was the focus of a workshop held from March 10 to 14 on Amelia Island, Fla. The workshop was sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the University of Florida. Approximately thirty‐five participants from ten different countries attended, representing universities, government laboratories, and private companies. During the workshop, one of the largest and strongest storms in the recorded history of North America impacted the eastern half of the United States. The local response of the beach at Amelia Island to this storm was striking and somewhat surprising. There was substantial accretion and widening of the beach. While the morphological changes in the beach profile were of medium to large scale, it is intriguing to realize that the changes resulted from the integrated motion of an uncountable number of sand grains, each moving more or less independently, yet cumulatively producing a wider beach.
Interpreting 100 years of rugby league (2008)

In the history of any institution, life or sport, 100 years is a significant landmark. Since the pioneers of the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) met in Bateman's Hotel, in the city of Sydney on 8 August 1907 and planned a breakaway rugby competition which had its first game at Birchgrove Oval on 20 April 1908, Australia suffered two catastrophic world wars and a massive Depression. The rhythms of rugby league and its internal controversies formed the background to these epochal events. As the cataclysm of the Great War of 1914-18 reaped its grim harvest on the lives of Australian soldiers and their families, rugby league conducted its own dispute about the propriety of sport being organised in war-time while for the first time the Balmain Rugby League Football Club asserted its credentials as a rugby league powerhouse. When the Great Depression hit Australia in the early 1930s and rugby league clubs became important institutions for alleviating hardship in working-class communities, Western Suburbs won their first premiership in 1930 while in 1931 South Sydney won their sixth title in seven years. In 1942, the year a Japanese invasion seemed imminent, Canterbury-Bankstown were premiers while war-time shortages caused clubs to jettison striped jumpers. For the first time St George adopted their club's iconic white guernsey with red vee.
Supplementary Table S3 from CLK2 Is an Oncogenic Kinase and Splicing Regulator in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S3. Copy number gain and expression of selected kinases in breast cancer cell lines based on qPCR.&lt;/p&gt;
Donor-Site Lymphatic Function after Microvascular Lymph Node Transfer (2012)

Therapeutic, IV.
Hippocampal subfield and amygdala nuclei volumes in schizophrenia patients with a history of violence (2020)

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with an increased risk of violence compared to the general population. Previous studies have indicated smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes in violent than non-violent psychotic patients<sup>.</sup> However, little is known about volumetric differences at the subdivision level of these structures. In the present study, hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei volumes were estimated with FreeSurfer from 3 T MRI of SCZ patients with (SCZ-V, n = 24) and without (SCZ-NV, n = 51) a history of severe violence and 90 healthy controls (HC). Volumetric differences between groups were explored with a general linear model covarying for confounders, in addition to follow-up analyses in patient groups controlling for clinical characteristics such as antipsychotic medication, duration of illness and illicit substance use. SCZ-V had smaller total hippocampal volume and smaller CA1, HATA, fimbria, and molecular layer of DG volumes compared to HC. Total amygdala volume together with basal nucleus, accessory basal nucleus, CTA, and paralaminar nucleus volumes were smaller in SCZ-V compared to HC. In SCZ-NV, compared to HC, the observed smaller volumes were limited to basal and paralaminar nucleus. There were no significant differences in hippocampal subfield and amygdala nuclei volumes between SCZ-V and SCZ-NV. Follow-up analyses showed that the results in patient groups were not affected by clinical characteristics. The results suggest that smaller hippocampal subfield and amygdala nuclei volumes may be relevant to violence risk in SCZ. However, the neurobiological signature of violence in SCZ should be further investigated in larger cohorts.
Corticospinal tract lesion load: An imaging biomarker for stroke motor outcomes (2015)

wCST-LL, an imaging biomarker determined in the acute phase, can predict poststroke motor outcomes at 3 months, especially in patients with severe impairment at baseline.
Sonographic assessment of lower limb vein diameters: implications for the diagnosis and characterization of deep venous thrombosis. (1997)

When grouped, veins with acute DVT were larger than normal veins. Likewise, veins with chronic DVT were smaller than normal veins. Because we found that the ranges of diameters of veins overlapped for different groups of veins, size alone is unlikely to provide compelling evidence for the diagnosis of acute versus chronic DVT, except at extreme diameters. Diameters of veins as revealed by sonography should be interpreted in the context of other sonographic findings.
Obtaining 3-dimensional shape of textured and specular surfaces using four-source photometry (1992)

The photometric stereo method is extended to four-source photometry for obtaining 3-dimensional shapes of visually textured and specular surfaces from intensity values. The table look-up approach (based on reflectance maps) for determining surface normals is shown to be of limited value in this context and a more direct method of computing these normals is used. Our method also eliminates the requirement of a preliminary system calibration procedure. The method is applied to real images as a test of its applicability.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTING MATERIAL FOR A CENTRAL LENDING STOCK (1979)

The concept of a central lending stock, has attracted much attention, but it has been slow to gain acceptance because countries have thought too much in terms of ‘all or nothing’. However, a totally comprehensive collection is impossible, and quite small collections can satisfy a high proportion of interlending demand. Selection should be of categories of material rather than individual items, the selection of which would be far too complex. Literature may be categorised by form (serials, monographs, etc), subject, language, purpose (academic, etc), and extent of demand. For each category the likely ratio of acquisition cost to demand, urgency of need, and availability from other sources can thus be assessed. An analysis of this kind, of which an example is given from British experience, can help to determine which categories of material may be candidates for acquisition for a central lending stock.
PAX8, a human paired box gene: isolation and expression in developing thyroid, kidney and Wilms’ tumors (1992)

Recent evidence indicates a crucial role for paired box genes in mouse and human embryogenesis. The murine Pax8 gene encodes a sequence-specific transcription factor and is expressed in the developing secretory system as well as in the developing and adult thyroid. This restricted expression pattern suggested involvement of the Pax8 gene in the morphogenesis of the above organs and prompted us to investigate the PAX8 gene in humans. In this report, we describe the isolation and characterization of PAX8 cDNAs from a human adult kidney cDNA library. An open reading frame of 450 amino acids contains the 128 amino acid paired domain at its amino-terminal end. The predicted human and mouse Pax8 proteins show 97.8% conservation and are identical in their paired domains. Two independent cDNA clones reveal differential splicing of the PAX8 transcripts resulting in the removal of a 63 amino acid serine-rich region from the carboxy end of the predicted Pax8 protein. The truncated Pax8 protein becomes more similar to the predicted murine Pax2 protein, that is also expressed during kidney development and lacks the serine rich region. RNAse protection analysis shows the presence of both PAX8 transcripts in human thyroid, kidney and five Wilms' tumors. No truncated Pax8 transcripts could be detected in mouse kidney. In situ hybridization to sections of human embryonic and fetal kidney showed expression of PAX8 in condensed mesenchyme, comma-shaped and S-shaped bodies. In contrast, PAX2 expression was present mainly in the very early stages of differentiation, in the induced, condensing mesenchyme. This restricted expression pattern suggests a specific role for both genes during glomeruli maturation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Slow light of subnanosecond pulses via stimulated Brillouin scattering in nonuniform fibers (2007)

We have proposed a way to obtain large optically controlled delay for subnanosecond pulses and simultaneously avoid the pulse distortions via stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in optical fibers at cw pumping by the use of longitudinally nonuniform fibers with the Brillouin frequency linearly varying with distance. If the range of Brillouin frequency variation along the fiber covers the whole pulse spectrum, the delay of subnanosecond pulses is linearly proportional to the gain, could be larger than the pulse duration, and the pulse broadening is minimum. We have shown this by solving three-wave SBS equations for realistic fiber lengths, both single subnanosecond pulses and sequences of subnanosecond pulses.
The Software Testing Automation Framework (2002)

Software testing is an integral, costly, and time-consuming activity in the software development life cycle. As is true for software development in general, reuse of common artifacts can provide a significant gain in productivity. In addition, because testing involves running the system being tested under a variety of configurations and circumstances, automation of execution-related activities offers another potential source of savings in the testing process. This paper explores the opportunities for reuse and automation in one test organization, describes the shortcomings of potential solutions that are available “off the shelf,” and introduces a new solution for addressing the questions of reuse and automation: the Software Testing Automation Framework (STAF), a multiplatform, multilanguage approach to reuse. It is based on the concept of reusable services that can be used to automate major activities in the testing process. The design of STAF is described. Also discussed is how it was employe d to automate a resource-intensive test suite used by an actual testing organization within IBM.
Low levels of hemoglobin associate with critical illness and predict disease course in patients with ANCA-associated renal vasculitis (2022)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a small vessel vasculitis often leading to critical illness by multi-organ failure. Data for patients with specifically ANCA-associated renal vasculitis requiring intensive care unit (ICU) supportive care are limited and have mainly focused on long-term renal and overall outcome. Particularly, data on critical illness during the initial course of disease are scarce and remain poorly determined. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to identify predictors of critical illness in a cohort of patients with ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. We retrospectively included a total number of 53 cases with confirmed ANCA-associated renal vasculitis between 2015 till 2020 in a single-center cohort study. We here identified an association between low hemoglobin levels and requirement of ICU supportive care in patients with ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. Furthermore, levels of hemoglobin below 9.8 g/dL at admission independently predicted prolonged requirement of ICU supportive care in critically ill patients with ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. These findings confirm that low levels of hemoglobin negatively affect short-term outcome and could further improve our current understanding for the role of anemia in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis.