gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of Functionalized 1,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,4‐Triazole Derivatives. (2011)

Abstract It allows a facile and efficient access to title compounds like (VIII) and (XIII).
TiO2 Layers Grown from Flowing Precursor Solutions Using Microwave Heating (2001)

TiO2 films have been deposited on indium tin oxide covered glass. These substrates are immersed in a flowing aqueous solution containing a soluble titania precursor. TiO2 growth is activated by microwave (MW) radiation heating. This method produces transparent and well-adhered films at low temperatures (lower than 100 °C) and short times. Flowing the precursor solutions allows growth of titania films on the substrate and avoids titania powder precipitation in the solution. It is demonstrated that thickness and crystallinity are controlled through MW power, process time, and precursor choice.
Ischemic stroke is associated with the ABO locus: The EuroCLOT study (2012)

ABO gene variants are associated with large-vessel and cardioembolic stroke but not small-vessel disease. This work sheds light on the different pathogenic mechanisms underpinning stroke subtype.
Physical Rehabilitation in Coronary Patients Who Have Suffered from Episodes of Cardiac Failure (1992)

The effects of bicycle training for 5 weeks were evaluated in 12 patients after myocardial infarction with left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%) and at least one episode of cardiac failure in the past. The patients were divided into two groups of six according to the Weber classification: Group B (VO2/kg/min: 16-20) and Group C (VO2/kg/min: 10-15). Cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated during a maximal exercise test and a simultaneous catheterization of the right side of the heart before and after the training. An increase in the capacity for work was recorded in Group B (p < 0.02), while Group C remained unchanged. A statistically significant increase in minute ventilation (p < 0.05) and VO2/kg/min (p < 0.0006) was recorded in Group B. Group C showed an increase in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (p < 0.03). All of the other parameters remained unchanged after training. We conclude that physical rehabilitation improves the tolerance to exercise in patients with a mildly depressed cardiac function (Group B) but not in patients with a very depressed cardiac function (Group C).
Cold atom–ion experiments in hybrid traps (2014)

In the last five years, a novel field of physics and chemistry has developed in which cold trapped ions and ultracold atomic gases are brought into contact with each other. Combining ion traps with traps for neutral atoms yields a variety of new possibilities for research and experiments. These range from studies of cold atom–ion collisions and atom–ion chemistry to applications in quantum information science and condensed matter related research. In this article we give a brief introduction into this new field and describe some of the perspectives for its future development.
Abstract 3399: Using protein chips to develop a highly specific HER2 antibody for HER2 amplification testing (2015)

Abstract Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an orphan receptor tyrosine kinase member of the EGFR families and is found to be a key tumor driver gene. In breast cancer and gastric cancer, HER2 amplification can be effectively treated by its neutralizing antibody, trastuzumab. In clinic, the HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used as the primary screening method to diagnose HER2 amplification. However, recent evidence suggested that the frequently used rabbit HER2 antibody 4B5 cross reacted to another family member HER4. IHC staining also indicated that it has strong non-specific cytoplasmic and nucleus staining in normal gastric mucosal cells and some gastric cancer samples. Using a protein lysate array which covers 85% of the human proteome, we have successfully identified and confirmed that the 4B5 bound to HER4 and a nuclear protein ZSCAN18 besides HER2. The non-specific binding accounts for the unexpected cytoplasmic and unclear staining of 4B5 on normal gastric epithelium. Finally, we have developed a novel HER2 mouse monoclonal antibody UMAB36 with similar sensitivity to 4B5 but only reacted to HER2 across the 17,000 proteins on the protein chip. In 129 breast cancer and 158 gastric cancer samples, UMAB36 showed 100% sensitivity and specificity comparing to the HER2 FISH reference results with no unspecific staining in the gastric mucosa layer. UMAB36 could provide an alternative high specific IHC reagent for HER2 amplification testing in gastric cancer population. Citation Format: Lixin Zhou, Kehu Yuan, Fangfang Ren, Lili Qi, Zhongwu Li, Guiyin Wu, Xiaozheng Huang, Yi Shen, Min Zhao, Wei Fu, Huibo Liu, Boyang Chu, Guangli Wang, Youmin Shu, Donghui Ma, Wei-Wu He, Jian Chen. Using protein chips to develop a highly specific HER2 antibody for HER2 amplification testing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3399. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3399
Risk Analysis and Security Countermeasure Selection (2015)

This new edition of Risk Analysis and Security Countermeasure Selection presents updated case studies and introduces existing and new methodologies and technologies for addressing existing and future threats. It covers risk analysis methodologies approved by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and shows how to apply them to other organizations
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Alternative germ cell death pathway in Drosophila involves HtrA2/Omi, lysosomes, and a caspase-9 counterpart. (2013)

In both flies and mammals, almost one-third of the newly emerging male germ cells are spontaneously eliminated before entering meiosis. Here, we show that in Drosophila, germ cell death (GCD) involves the initiator caspase Dronc independently of the apoptosome and the main executioner caspases. Electron microscopy of dying germ cells revealed mixed morphologies of apoptosis and necrosis. We further show that the lysosomes and their catabolic enzymes, but not macroautophagy, are involved in the execution of GCD. We then identified, in a screen, the Parkinson's disease-associated mitochondrial protease, HtrA2/Omi, as an important mediator of GCD, acting mainly through its catalytic activity rather than by antagonizing inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Concomitantly, other mitochondrial-associated factors were also implicated in GCD, including Pink1 (but not Parkin), the Bcl-2-related proteins, and endonuclease G, which establish the mitochondria as central mediators of GCD. These findings uncover an alternative developmental cell death pathway in metazoans.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 23523076
3-Nitro-9-nitrosocarbazole (2001)

[5393-41-9] C12H7N3O3 (MW 241.22) InChI = 1S/C12H7N3O3/c16-13-14-11-4-2-1-3-9(11)10-7-8(15(17)18)5-6-12(10)14/h1-7H InChIKey = UTBGPZHMURQBBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (mild nitrosating reagent1) Physical Data: mp 166–168 °C. Solubility: sol benzene; insol methanol. Form Supplied in: brown–yellow needles. Analysis of Reagent Purity: IR (KBr, cm−1) 3050, 1530, 1440, 1310, 840, 780, 760, 725; MS (m/e (intensity)) 242 (3.8), 241 (M+, 13.5), 222 (11.5), 211 (90.4), 210 (86.5), 204 (9.6), 181 (32.7), 167 (13.5), 166 (52.9), 165 (28.8), 153 (46.1), 150 (13.5), 149 (100.0). Preparative Methods: an aqueous solution of Sodium Nitrite (1.5 g, 22 mmol) is added to a suspension of carbazole (3.0 g, 18 mmol) in nitrobenzene (30 mL), and HCl (2 mL) is then introduced dropwise for 1 h. The reaction mixture is kept at 15 °C for 1 h. To the resulting solution of 9-nitrosocarbazole is added HNO3 (1 mL) slowly for 30 min, and the solution is kept for 1.5 h. Crystalline 3-nitro-9-nitrosocarbazole (3.5 g, 14 mmol) is obtained when the solvent is evaporated.2 3-Nitro-9-nitrosocarbazole (6.65 g, 28 mmol) is also prepared by the reaction of 3-nitrocarbazole (6.39 g, 30 mmol) and sodium nitrite (2.76 g, 40 mmol) in acetic acid (120 mL) at 70 °C.3 Purification: recrystallization from acetone or 2-butanone.
Targeting IL-17B–IL-17RB signaling with an anti–IL-17RB antibody blocks pancreatic cancer metastasis by silencing multiple chemokines (2015)

Pancreatic cancer has an extremely high mortality rate due to its aggressive metastatic nature. Resolving the underlying mechanisms will be crucial for treatment. Here, we found that overexpression of IL-17B receptor (IL-17RB) strongly correlated with postoperative metastasis and inversely correlated with progression-free survival in pancreatic cancer patients. Consistently, results from ex vivo experiments further validated that IL-17RB and its ligand, IL-17B, plays an essential role in pancreatic cancer metastasis and malignancy. Signals from IL-17B-IL-17RB activated CCL20/CXCL1/IL-8/TFF1 chemokine expressions via the ERK1/2 pathway to promote cancer cell invasion, macrophage and endothelial cell recruitment at primary sites, and cancer cell survival at distant organs. Treatment with a newly derived monoclonal antibody against IL-17RB blocked tumor metastasis and promoted survival in a mouse xenograft model. These findings not only illustrate a key mechanism underlying the highly aggressive characteristics of pancreatic cancer but also provide a practical approach to tackle this disease.
A 200 Mb/s CMOS EPRML channel with integrated servo demodulator for magnetic hard disks (2002)

This second-generation partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) read channel device implements an extended partial-response class 4 (EPR4) architecture by adding an EPR4 post-processor to the PR4 channel previously described. Only a single reference resistor and power-supply decoupling are required to form a complete read, write, and servo demodulation solution. Additions to the PR4 architecture include adaptive MR head asymmetry (MRA) cancellation and thermal asperity (TA) detection and correction. The servo demodulator supports 20 MHz bursts and includes a 9 b analog to digital converter (ADC) interface.
A syndromic extreme insulin resistance caused by biallelic POC1A mutations in exon 10 (2017)

<i>POC1A</i> encodes a protein with a role in centriole assembly and stability, and in ciliogenesis. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations affecting <i>POC1A</i> cause SOFT syndrome, an ultra-rare condition characterized by short stature, onychodysplasia, facial dysmorphism and hypotrichosis. Using exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous frameshift mutation (c.1047_1048dupC; p.G337Rfs*25) in a patient presenting with short stature, facial hirsutism, alopecia, dyslipidemia and extreme insulin resistance. The truncating variant affected exon 10, which is retained in only two of the three <i>POC1A</i>-mature RNAs, due to alternative processing of the transcript. Clinical discrepancies with SOFT syndrome support the hypothesis that <i>POC1A</i> mutations affecting exon 10 are associated with a distinct condition, corroborating a previous hypothesis based on a similar case. Furthermore, this report provides an additional example of a genetic condition presenting with clinical heterogeneity due to alternative transcript processing. In conclusion, <i>POC1A</i> mutations in exon 10 should be taken into account in patients with extreme insulin resistance and short stature.
Two independent type III secretion mechanisms for YopE in Yersinia enterocolitica (1997)

Pathogenic Yersinia species escape the infected host's defense mechanisms by targeting cytotoxic Yop proteins into the cytoplasm of macrophages via a type III secretion pathway. Two separate secretion signals contained in YopE were identified, each of which were sufficient but not necessary for the secretion of reporter molecules. One signal is located within the coding sequence of the first 15 amino acids and is sufficient for the secretion of fusion proteins but not required for YopE secretion. The second signal is located downstream at residues 15-100 of YopE and is only recognized by the type III machinery when it is bound to SycE. We propose the existence of two independent mechanisms that allow for the secretion of Yop proteins.
Abstract 2712: Naptumomab Estafenatox induces T cell recognition, turning anti-PD-1 unresponsive "cold" tumors into "hot" responsive tumors (2018)

Abstract Tumor recognition is a key factor in checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) efficacy and acquired resistance. Lack or loss of tumor antigens expression or inefficient presentation prevents tumor cell recognition by T cells, inhibiting CPI anti-cancer effect. Naptumomab estafenatox (Nap) is a tumor-targeted superantigen (TTS) protein that increases tumor recognition by both coating tumor cells with bacterial-derived superantigens (SAg) as well as selectively expanding T cells lineages that can recognize it. Nap consists of a genetically engineered SAg, staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA/E-120), linked to a fragment antigen binding (Fab) moiety directed to the 5T4 oncofetal tumor-associated antigen expressed on many tumors. Here we present new pre-clinical results of synergistic anti-tumor effect of Nap (or its murine equivalent TTS) with anti-PD1, under conditions which mimic poor tumor recognition. In vitro studies with Nap investigated the effect of co-culturing SAg activated T cells with HCC827 NSCLC or MDA-MB 231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer cells. Co-cultures of T cells with either cancer cell line resulted in an increase in tumor staining for PDL1, which was further elevated in the presence of Nap, probably due to increase in IFNγ secretion. The viability of HCC827 or MDA-MB-231 cells co-cultured with the SAg activated T cells was examined in the presence or absence of the PD1 inhibitor, Nap or the combination. Anti-PD1 alone had no effect on T cell mediated cytotoxicity, whereas Nap induced a significant cytotoxic effect, with the combination of anti-PD1 plus Nap producing the most significant reduction in tumor cell viability. Similar to the in vitro studies, the in vivo mouse studies using low immunogenic tumor models showed limited or no effect of anti-PD1 monotherapy. Although TTS alone increased T cells activation and infiltration into the tumor, the combination with anti-PD1 was significantly more effective in increasing serum cytokines, increasing the CD8:CD4 ratio in the tumor, reducing tumor burden and prolonging median survival. In summary, our studies show that combination of anti-PD1 with tumor-targeted superantigens overcomes the limited effect of anti-PD1 monotherapy in low immunogenic tumor models in vitro and in vivo. This novel combination may offer clinical benefit for CPI unresponsive patients, particularly in cases where tumor recognition is lost or restricted. Clinical phase 1-2 trials are planned with the combination of naptumomab estafenatox and anti-PD1/PDL1 blockade. Citation Format: Meir Azulay, Sveta Lifshits, Adam Fridman, Gunnar Hedlund, Marie Törngren, Michal Shahar. Naptumomab Estafenatox induces T cell recognition, turning anti-PD-1 unresponsive "cold" tumors into "hot" responsive tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2712.
Ordered Mesoporous Silica with Large Cage-Like Pores:  Structural Identification and Pore Connectivity Design by Controlling the Synthesis Temperature and Time (2002)

FDU-1 silicas with large cage-like pores (diameter about 10 nm) were synthesized under acidic conditions from tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of a poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(butylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer template B50-6600 (EO(39)BO(47)EO(39)). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering provided strong evidence that FDU-1 silica synthesized under typical conditions is a face-centered cubic Fm3m structure with 3-dimensional hexagonal intergrowth and is not a body-centered cubic Im3m structure, as originally reported. Samples synthesized in a wide range of conditions (initial temperatures from 298 to 353 K; hydrothermal treatment at 333-393 K) exhibited similar XRD patterns and their nitrogen adsorption isotherms indicated a good-quality cage-like pore structure. The examination of low-pressure nitrogen adsorption isotherms for FDU-1 samples, whose pore entrance diameters were evaluated using an independent method, allowed us to conclude that low-pressure adsorption was appreciably stronger for samples with smaller pore entrance sizes. This prompted us to examine low-pressure adsorption isotherms for a wide range of samples and led us to a conclusion that the FDU-1 pore entrance size can be systematically enlarged from about 1.3 nm (perhaps even lower) to at least 2.4 nm without an appreciable loss of uniformity by increasing the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment or the initial synthesis. Further enlargement of pore entrance size was achieved for sufficiently long hydrothermal treatment times at temperatures of 373 K or higher, as seen from the shape of nitrogen desorption isotherms. This allowed us to obtain samples with uniform pore sizes, high adsorption capacity, and with pore entrances enlarged so much that their size was similar to the size of the pore itself, resulting in a highly open porous structure. However, in the latter case, there was evidence that the pore entrance size distribution was quite broad.
New explanation of N D −1 dependence of specific contact resistance for n -GaAs (1982)

A new model of the ohmic contact to n-GaAs is proposed. It assumes that the contact resistance is due to the n+/n-barrier between the contact region (n+) and the semiconductor bulk (n = ND) as long as the bulk concentration is smaller than the effective density of states. Then the contact resistance is inversely proportional to the dopant concentration.
Reliable framework for RFID devices (2008)

RFID technology requires deployment that ensures reliability. We have developed the middleware RF2ID, a reliable framework for RFID, to improve reliability at software level. Two key abstractions 1) Virtual Reader: the distributed computational element 2) Virtual Path: the communication channel among virtual readers are used to improve the system reliability. The key idea is to use the notion of path at system level that matches the flow of data stream to improve system efficiency. We have designed the middleware solution RF2ID and evaluated it using experimental testbed and emulation based study for item tracking applications. The evaluation of the system provides higher accuracy level using a scalable solution. We plan to further extend the system to provide support for item location applications as well.
An Identification of Equivalent Circuit Constants of Synchronous Machine using Fourier Transformation with DC Decaying Current. (1993)

It is almost impossible to measure the starting performance of middle and large synchronous motors in a factory, because it needs a large capacity of equipments to test their performance. Authors propose a new method that identifies the equivalent circuit constants of synchronous machines to predict their performance.
Region tracking control for high‐order multi‐agent systems in restricted space (2016)

In this study, decentralised region tracking control is proposed to force a group of mobile agents with high‐order non‐linear dynamics to track a moving target region without collisions as well as to avoid the obstacle on the track in restricted space. The decentralised controllers can also guarantee connectivity preserving of the dynamic interaction network. The control design is based on artificial potential functions, neural network (NN) approximation, adaptive backstepping techniques and Lyapunov's method. It is proved that under the adaptive NN control, the tracking error of each agent can converge to an adjustable neighbourhood of the origin, although some of them do not access the desired region directly. Simulation results are represented to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach.
In vivo Neutralization of Naturally Existing Antibodies against Linear ?(1,3)-Galactosidic Carbohydrate Epitopes by Multivalent Antigen Presentation: A Solution for the First Hurdle of Pig-to-Human Xenotransplantation (2010)

Pig-to-human xenotransplantation of islet cells or of vascularized organs would offer a welcome treatment alternative for the ever-increasing number of patients with end-stage organ failure who are waiting for a suitable allograph. The main hurdle are preexisting antibodies, most of which are specific for 'Linear-B', carbohydrate epitopes terminated by the unbranched Gal-alpha(1,3)Gal disaccharide. These antibodies are responsible for the 'hyper-acute rejection' of the xenograft by complement mediated hemorrhage. For depletion of such antibodies we have developed an artificial injectable antigen, a glycopolymer (GAS914) with a charge neutral poly-lysine backbone (degree of polymerization n = 1000) and 25% of its side chains coupled to Linear-B-trisaccharide. With an average molecular weight of 400 to 500 kD, presenting 250 trisaccharide epitopes per molecule, this multivalent array binds anti-alphaGal antibodies with at least three orders of magnitude higher avidity on a per-saccharide basis than the monomeric epitope. In vivo experiments with non-human primates documented that rather low doses--1 to 5 mg/kg of GAS914 injected i.v.--efficiently reduce the load of anti-Linear-B antibodies quickly by at least 80%. This treatment can be repeated without any sensitization to GAS914. Interestingly, although the antibody levels start raising 12 h after injection, they do not reach pretreatment levels. The polymer is degraded and excreted within hours, with a minute fraction remaining in lymphoid tissue of anti-alphaGal producing animals only, probably binding to and inhibiting antibody-producing B-cells. The results of pig-to-non-human primate xenotransplantations established GAS914 as a relevant therapeutic option for pig-to-human transplantations as well. The synthesis of GAS914 was successfully scaled up to kg amounts needed for first clinical studies. Key was the use of galactosyl transferases and UDP-galactose for the synthesis of the trisaccharide.
Evidence for direct molecular oxygen production in CO 2 photodissociation (2014)

Photodissociation of carbon dioxide (CO2) has long been assumed to proceed exclusively to carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen atom (O) primary products. However, recent theoretical calculations suggested that an exit channel to produce C + O2 should also be energetically accessible. Here we report the direct experimental evidence for the C + O2 channel in CO2 photodissociation near the energetic threshold of the C((3)P) + O2(X(3)Σ(g)(-)) channel with a yield of 5 ± 2% using vacuum ultraviolet laser pump-probe spectroscopy and velocity-map imaging detection of the C((3)PJ) product between 101.5 and 107.2 nanometers. Our results may have implications for nonbiological oxygen production in CO2-heavy atmospheres.
Oxidation at the sub-nanoscale: oxygen adsorption on graphene-supported size-selected Ag clusters (2022)

Oxidizing size-selected Ag 11 clusters on graphene reveals the formation of a bulk-like structure already for few-atom aggregates. The appearance of a bulk AgO crystal structure differs from that observed for metallic clusters of similar size.
Energetics of internal GU mismatches in ribooligonucleotide helixes (1986)

Thermodynamic parameters of helix formation were measured spectroscopically for 16 oligoribonucleotides containing either internal GU mismatches or the corresponding AU pairs. Internal GU mismatches stabilize each helix, but not as much as the corresponding AU pairs. The differences in the enthalpy and entropy changes of helix formation associated with replacing AU pairs with GU mismatches are less than previously realized. At both 25 and 37 degrees C, the decrease in helix stability associated with replacing an AU with a GU is also less than thought previously. Approximations are suggested for predicting the effects of GU mismatches on helix stability.