gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis reveals hidden threats and new motivation for conservation translocation of black-tailed prairie dogs at the northern limit of their range (2023)

Biodiversity loss continues at unprecedented rates; to slow loss, conservation practitioners are working to remove species from risk of extinction. But, even when species are no longer at risk of extinction, they likely exist in small, isolated populations, especially at range edges, and their long-term persistence is uncertain. The northernmost population of the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus), located in Grasslands National Park, Saskatchewan, Canada, is potentially isolated from the core of the prairie dog range and has experienced dramatic population fluctuations. To better understand the genetic health of this population, we genotyped 566 individuals alongside individuals from Montana (N = 48) and South Dakota (N = 40), at 15 microsatellite loci. We also generated over 1,000 base pairs of mtDNA sequence data for a subset of individuals from each of these three locations. The microsatellite data indicate that the Saskatchewan population has extremely low variability (HO = 0.231), and a high level of inbreeding (FIS = 0.14) compared to other prairie dog populations. Analysis of population structure indicates that the Saskatchewan population is isolated from the black-tailed prairie dog range. However, data from the mtDNA indicates the Saskatchewan population was connected to Montana in the recent past. Considering these results, it is important to evaluate management strategies such as genetic rescue via translocations to increase diversity and circumvent negative impacts of inbreeding. While translocating individuals presents challenges, we believe this may be the best option for Saskatchewan prairie dogs given the continuing impacts of climate change and disease.
Consistency of Single Linkage for High-Density Clusters (1981)

Abstract High-density clusters are defined on a population with density f in r dimensions to be the maximal connected sets of form {x | f(x) ≥ c}. Single-linkage clustering is evaluated for consistency in detecting such high-density clusters—other standard hierarchical techniques, such as average and complete linkage, are hopelessly inconsistent for these clusters. The asymptotic consistency of single linkage closely depends on the percolation problem of Broadbent and Hammersley—if small spheres are removed at random from a solid, at which density of spheres will water begin to flow through the solid? If there is a single critical density such that no flow takes place below a certain density, and flow occurs through a single connected set above that density, then single linkage is consistent in separating high-density clusters (by disjoint single-linkage clusters that include a positive fraction of sample points in the respective clusters and pass arbitrarily close to all points in the respective clusters). The existence of a single critical point remains a conjecture. A weaker result is proved that shows that single-linkage clusters detect high-density clusters if there is a low enough valley separating them.
Retroperitoneal lateral lumbar interbody fusion with titanium threaded fusion cages (2002)

The use of retroperitoneal LIF in which threaded fusion cages are used avoids the technical difficulties associated with repeated posterior procedures. In addition, it allows L2-S1 instrumentation to be placed anteriorly via a single surgical approach. This construct has been shown to be biomechanically sound in animal models, and it appears to be a useful alternative for the management of failed multilevel intertransverse arthrodesis.
Suppression of Testosterone and Androstenedione Production Rates with Dexamethasone in Women with Idiopathic Hirsutism and Polycystic Ovaries (1968)

Testosterone and androstenedione plasma levels were measured in 7 normal women and 22 hirsute women with either idiopathic hirsutism (IH) or polycystic ovaries (PCO). During dexamethasone administration, plasma testosterone decreased 25% in normal subjects and 40–50% in the patients with IH and PCO. Plasma androstenedione levels were suppressed 40–55% in the normal and hirsute women. The mean testosterone metabolic clearance rate for 8 hirsute women increased 10 % during dexamethasone administration but there was no significant change in the androstpnedione metabolic clearance. Thus, the decrease in blood androgen levels produced by glucocorticoid was a consequence of decreased androgen production. These studies indicate further that a gland which is suppressed by dexamethasone is responsible for a significant fraction of the excess androgen production in women with either IH or PCO.
Turbulence as observed by concurrent measurements made at NSSL using weather radar, Doppler radar, Doppler lidar and aircraft (1987)

As air traffic increases and aircraft capability increases in range and operating altitude, the exposure to weather hazards increases. Turbulence and wind shears are two of the most important of these hazards that must be taken into account if safe flight operations are to be accomplished. Beginning in the early 1960's, Project Rough Rider began thunderstorm investigations. Past and present efforts at the National Severe Storm Laboratory (NSSL) to measure these flight safety hazards and to describe the use of Doppler radar to detect and qualify these hazards are summarized. In particular, the evolution of the Doppler-measured radial velocity spectrum width and its applicability to the problem of safe flight is presented.
Management of lymphatic malformations in children (2015)

Multimodal treatment of lymphatic malformations continues to expand as new information about the biology and genetics of these lesions is discovered, in addition to knowledge gained from clinical practice. A patient-centered approach should guide timing and modality of treatment. Continued study of lymphatic malformations will increase and solidify a treatment algorithm for these complicated lesions.
Synthetic equivalents of the taxol C,D ring system. Examination of nucleophilic bicyclic oxetanes and less-strained acetonide equivalents (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic equivalents of the taxol C,D ring system. Examination of nucleophilic bicyclic oxetanes and less-strained acetonide equivalentsLeo A. Paquette and Richard C. ThompsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 18, 4952–4962Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00070a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00070a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views269Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
EPIDEMICS PREDICTION WITH THE USE OF NEURO-FUZZY METHODS FOR TIME SERIES PROCESSING UNDER UNCERTAINTY CONDITIONS (2012)

In this paper the problem of time series analysis is considered. Processing methods of experimental data and forecast in medicine are discussed. Series that contain emissions and capable of working with data in conditions of a priori uncertainty are examined. The basic types of time series uncertainties are presented. The up-to-date methods of fuzzy logic, neuro-fuzzy systems, linguistic description are used to get more accurate results in forecasting and modeling of time series with emissions. The fuzzy model of the Takagi-Sugeno type is discusses.
A 0.18-&#x003BC;m CMOS multirate filter bank asic for biomedical applications (2007)

A CMOS low-power application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) design on a compact support filter bank is presented in this paper. The ASIC chip can be used for multirate signal decomposition and analysis of various biomedical signals in real-time. The design is implemented and fabricated using 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The processing speed is reconfigurable with maximum throughput up to 100 Kbps. The chip consumes power dissipation of 2.58 μW at a supply voltage of 1.8 V with a clock frequency of 1 kHz.
[Sequence analysis of 5' non-coding region of hepatitis G viruses and preliminary classification of genotypes]. (1997)

For analyzing the structural characteristics of hepatitis G virus (HGV or GBV-C), 277 nucleic acids of 5' non-coding region of HGV were amplified using PCR from the sera of 2 paid donors, 2 chronic hepatitis patients and 2 patients with liver cirrohsis. The products were cloned and sequenced. The data were analyzed with the computer programs. The results indicated that the gene sequence homologies among 6 HGV isolates (G001-G006) obtained in this study were above 96.2%. The comparison of these 6 isolates and 3 foreign isolates reported previously showed that the sequence homologies were in the range from 86.9% to 91.6%. According to the variability of gene sequences, the preliminary division of genotypes of 6 Chinese HGV isolates (G001-G006) and 3 isolates reported abroad were classified into three distinct groups. The results suggest that the gene sequences of Chinese HGV isolates are highly homologous but have an obvious divergence with the foreign isolates. The 5' untranslated regions of all isolates analyzed probably contain a stable and similar secondary structure.
Pitch and vowel perception in cochlear implant users (1994)

Two methods of determining the pitch or timbre of electrical stimuli in comparison with acoustic stimuli are described. In the first experiment, the pitch of pure tones and electrical stimuli were compared directly by implant users who have residual hearing in the non-implanted ear. This resulted in a relationship between frequency in the non-implanted ear and position of the best-matched electrode in the implanted ear. In the second experiment, one- and two-formant synthetic vowels, with formant frequencies covering the range from 200 to 4000 Hz, were presented to the same implant users through their implant or through their hearing aid. The listeners categorised each stimulus according to the closest vowel from a set of eleven possibilities, and a vowel centre was calculated for each response category for each ear. Assuming that stimuli at the vowel centres in each ear sound alike, a second relationship between frequency and electrode position was derived. Both experiments showed that electrically-evoked pitch is much lower than that produced by pure tones at the corresponding cochlear location in normally-hearing listeners. This helps to explain why cochlear implants with electrode arrays that rarely extend beyond the basal turn of the cochlea have achieved high levels of speech recognition in postlinguistically deafened adults without major retraining or adaptation by the users. The techniques described also have potential for optimising speech recognition for individual implant users.
Alles beim Alten in der Pharmakotherapie von PONV? (2009)

Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists represent a new approach in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and show an efficacy comparable with those of common antiemetics with some evidence for superiority with regard to vomiting. Currently, only aprepitant is available as an oral preparation. Palonosetron is a new representative of the serotonin-3 receptor antagonists but without the hoped for superiority on the 2nd and 3rd postoperative days. However, available data do suggest that palanosetron does not prolong the OT (c) interval. When using 5-HT (3)-receptor antagonists for the prevention of PONV, anaesthetists should be aware of negative interactions with analgesics. Low-dose droperidol has regained approval and should be considered as first choice among the current available neuroleptics.
Frequency-Domain Hot-Wire Measurements of Molten Nitrate Salt Thermal Conductivity (2020)

The thermal conductivity of liquids has traditionally been determined by measuring either the steady-state temperature gradient or time-dependent temperature rise in a sample due to an applied heat flux. The transient hot-wire method has become the standard for measuring liquid thermal conductivity; in this method, direct current Joule heats a long, thin wire immersed in a liquid sample, and the measured temperature rise over a particular time interval is fit to a heat transfer model to extract the thermal conductivity of the liquid. However, in the high-temperature environments of molten salts, long metal wires are vulnerable to corrosion, and convection errors are magnified in larger volumes of molten salts. Here, we utilize a new frequency-domain, corrosion-resistant, short hot-wire technique (sensor and model) to measure the thermal conductivity of molten NaNO3 (2.78% standard uncertainty), KNO3 (2.38% standard uncertainty), and a solar salt mixture (2.66% standard uncertainty). Operating in the frequency domain and utilizing a full 3D model allows the use of short sensor wires, reducing the total contact area to minimize corrosion, and the use of small sample volumes, mitigating convection errors. An alternating current at varying frequencies Joule heats a short platinum wire sensor (6.5 mm), which is protected by a 1.6 μm-thick Al2O3 coating, submerged in molten salt. The frequency-dependent temperature response of the sensor surrounded by salt is measured and fit to a 3D thermal model to obtain the thermal conductivity of the molten salt. Together, the new sensor design and 3D model keep the probed molten salt volume below 1 μL. Our frequency-domain measurements show an ∼11 to 15% higher thermal conductivity of molten nitrate salts than the current reference correlations made from steady-state and time-domain measurements.
Synthesis, spectra, and ferroelectric properties of a series of dihalogenated dopants (1991)

Abstract A series of ferroelectric dopants of type ArOCH2CHXCHY(CH2)2CH3, where X and Y are either fluorine or chlorine, were investigated. These compounds were evaluated as a 5% mixture in a phenylpyrimidine host. The compounds with at least one fluorine and with syn halogens all had comparable rise times and switching speeds, although the syn-dichloro compound had a significantly slower rise time. The anti-difluoride was also synthesized by an unambiguous route and its properties were contrasted with the syn-difluoride. This contrasting data helped verify the structures of the two compounds.
Formation of Hyaluronan- and Versican-rich Pericellular Matrix by Prostate Cancer Cells Promotes Cell Motility (2007)

Previous studies have demonstrated that high levels of hyaluronan (HA) and the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, versican in the peritumoral stroma are associated with metastatic spread of clinical prostate cancer. In vitro integration of HA and versican into a pericellular sheath is a prerequisite for proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. In this study, a particle exclusion assay was used to determine whether human prostate cancer cell lines are capable of assembling a pericellular sheath following treatment with versican-containing medium and whether formation of a pericellular sheath modulated cell motility. PC3 and DU145, but not LNCaP cells formed prominent polarized pericellular sheaths following treatment with prostate fibroblast-conditioned medium. The capacity to assemble a pericellular sheath correlated with the ability to express membranous HA receptor, CD44. HA and versican histochemical staining were observed surrounding PC3 and DU145 cells following treatment with prostatic fibroblast-conditioned medium. The dependence on HA for integrity of the pericellular sheath was demonstrated by its removal following treatment with hyaluronidase. Purified versican or conditioned medium from Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells overexpressing versican V1, but not conditioned medium from parental cells, promoted pericellular sheath formation and motility of PC3 cells. Using time lapse microscopy, motile PC3 cells treated with versican but not non-motile cells exhibited a polar pericellular sheath. Polar pericellular sheath was particularly evident at the trailing edge but was excluded from the leading edge of PC3 cells. These studies indicate that prostate cancer cells recruit stromal components to remodel their pericellular environment and promote their motility.
Noninvasive Neuroprosthesis Promotes Cardiovascular Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury (2021)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe impairment in cardiovascular control, commonly manifested as a rapid, uncontrolled rise in blood pressure triggered by peripheral stimuli-a condition called autonomic dysreflexia. The objective was to demonstrate the translational potential of noninvasive transcutaneous stimulation (TCS) in mitigating autonomic dysreflexia following SCI, using pre-clinical evidence and a clinical case report. In rats with SCI, we show that TCS not only prevents the instigation of autonomic dysreflexia, but also mitigates its severity when delivered during an already-triggered episode. Furthermore, when TCS was delivered as a multisession therapy for 6 weeks post-SCI, the severity of autonomic dysreflexia was significantly reduced when tested in the absence of concurrent TCS. This treatment effect persisted for at least 1 week after the end of therapy. More importantly, we demonstrate the clinical applicability of TCS in treatment of autonomic dysreflexia in an individual with cervical, motor-complete, chronic SCI. We anticipate that TCS will offer significant therapeutic advantages, such as obviating the need for surgery resulting in reduced risk and medical expenses. Furthermore, this study provides a framework for testing the potential of TCS in improving recovery of other autonomic functions such lower urinary tract, bowel, and sexual dysfunction following SCI.
The specification of business rules: A comparison of selected methodologies (1994)

Business rules are an important element of information systems. The notion business rule encompasses different phenomena; therefore, some classification criteria are presented and several examples are introduced to demonstrate different types of business rules. Given their practical importance, the necessity of a consistent treatment in the life-cycle of information systems is obvious. Therefore, commonly used function- and data-oriented methodologies for systems analysis are examined with respect to their ability to express business rules. It is shown that common methods are insufficient or at least inconvenient for a complete and systematic modeling of business rules. Some relevant enhancements of these methods are more powerful but still emphasize only certain aspects and types of business rules. Keyword Codes: D.2.1; H.2.m Keywords: Requirements/Specifications; Database Management, Miscellaneous 1. BUSINESS RULES IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS In recent years it has been accentuated th...
Atm deficiency causes an increased frequency of intrachromosomal homologous recombination in mice. (2000)

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) patients have inactivating mutations in both copies of the ATM gene. The ATM protein that the gene encodes is involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) recognition; in its absence, p53 response to DSBs is delayed and reduced. In addition, AT patients have a high propensity for cancer, and cells from these patients show chromosomal instability. Here, using an in vivo mouse model system with the pink-eyed unstable mutation, we demonstrate that the absence of functional Atm results in a significantly elevated frequency of intrachromosomal recombination resulting in deletion events (wild-type 17.73%, heterozygous Atm 15.72%, and mutant Atm 30.33%). No such increase was observed in mice heterozygous for Atm. These results further advocate the role of ATM in maintaining genomic integrity after the onset of endogenous damage. This system relies on the initiation of events during a relatively short time frame to produce an observable deletion product. AT patients have a lifelong exposure to endogenous damage and perhaps similarly acting external agents. Because 25% of our genome consists of repeated elements, genomic instability due to an increased level of homologous recombination between such repeats, as observed here, may contribute to carcinogenesis in AT patients.
Military Application of the Infrared Detection Technology (2003)

This paper mainly aimed at the problem of the fatal defect of the existing radar in the modern war and presented a new scheme which made several advantages complemented. The scheme combined the advantage of far work distance of a radar with that of passive reception and concealed work mode of the infrared detection system.It also discussed the operation principle of communication network and the work mode of each infrared detection station in the radar/infrared region recovery system.
Gene-based Therapy in a Mouse Model of Blue Cone Monochromacy (2017)

Cones are responsible for daylight, central, high acuity and color vision. Three proteins found in human cones, i.e. long-wavelength (L)-, middle-wavelength (M)-, and short-wavelength sensitive (S)-opsins, are responsible for red, green and blue color recognition, respectively. Human blue cone monochromacy (BCM) is characterized by functional loss of both L- and M-cone opsins due to mutations in the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster on the X chromosome. BCM patients, who rely on their vision from only S-cones and rods, suffer severely reduced visual acuity and impaired color vision. Recent studies show that there is sufficient cone structure remaining in the central fovea of BCM patients to consider AAV-mediated gene augmentation therapy. In contrast, mouse retina has only two opsins, S-opsin and M-opsin, but no L-opsin. We generated an M-opsin knockout mouse (Opn1mw <sup>-/-</sup>) expressing only S-opsin as a model for human BCM. We show that recombinant M-opsin delivered by AAV5 vectors rescues M-cone function in Opn1mw <sup>-/-</sup> mice. We also show that AAV delivered M-opsin localizes in the dorsal cone outer segments, and co-localizes with S-opsin in the ventral retina. Our study demonstrates that cones without M-opsin remain viable and respond to gene augmentation therapy, thereby providing proof-of-concept for cone function restoration in BCM patients.