gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Significance of Pancreatic Ductal Obstruction in Differential Diagnosis of the Abnormal Endoscopic Retrograde Pancreatogram (1976)

Apparent obstruction of the main pancreatic duct was seen on the endoscopic retrograde pancreatogram in 50 patients. The final diagnosis was pseudocyst in 15, neoplasm in 15, chronic pancreatitis in 8, acute recurrent pancreatitis in 3, and abscess in 2. Seven patients were normal. This series emphasizes the broad differential approach necessary when confronted with ductal obstruction. Diagnosis is facilitated by accurate evaluation of the ductal and extraductal characteristics, especially the ductal detail at the point of termination.
Current favourable 10-year outcome of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: data from the ESPOIR cohort (2021)

We report a very mild 10-year outcome of a large cohort of patients with early RA diagnosed in the early 2000s, which was much better than results for a previous cohort of patients who were recruited in 1993. This current favourable outcome may be related to more intensive care for real-life patients.
High-mobility variable-density two-dimensional electron gas in inverted GaAs-AlGaAs heterojunctions (1988)

Inverted heterointerfaces (GaAs on AlGaAs), which are basic constituents of all quantum wells and superlattices, have been significantly improved using electron diffraction and a refined molecular beam epitaxy growth procedure. Utilizing them in a novel structure allowed the variation of the electron density over a wide range, with peak mobilities of 4×105 cm2/V s. The continuously variable electron density allowed comparison to a theoretical analysis of the low-temperature scattering mechanisms, and their relation to the growth process, establishing the importance of interface charges and roughness. High-mobility samples were used to observe the quantum Hall effect with varying carrier concentrations in a single structure.
Synthesis of NbS2 nanoparticles with (nested) fullerene-like structure (IF) (2002)

NbS2 nanoparticles with a closed cage structure (inorganic fullerene-like phase—IF) were synthesized by reaction between NbCl5 vapor and H2S gas in a reducing atmosphere at 400 °C, and subsequent annealing under a H2S/H2 atmosphere at 550 °C. Following the synthesis, the nanoparticles were found to have a large excess of Nb; they were agglomerated; highly dislocated and enfolded by amorphous material. After annealing, most of the amorphous material crystallized into closed NbS2 shells, and the nanoparticles appeared to be much more faceted. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the interlayer spacing (c/n) of the annealed particles had decreased. They were also agglomerated, being connected to neighboring nanoparticles through their outer NbS2 layers after annealing. In related experiments Nb2O3 nanofibers, which organize into a nanoflower superstructure, and also NbS2 nanofibers were synthesized under somewhat different growth conditions.
Effect of dielectric constant on estimation of properties of ionic liquids: an analysis of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (2015)

Influence of dielectric constant values in estimation of thermodynamical properties (vapor pressure, vaporization enthalpy, density and viscosity) of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids with COSMO-RS.
Review of radiation safety in the cardiac catheterization laboratory (1992)

With the increasing use of coronary arteriography and interventional procedures, radiation exposure to patients and personnel working in cardiac catheterization laboratories has increased. Proper technique to minimize both patient and operator exposure is necessary. A practical approach to radiation safety in the cardiac catheterization laboratory is presented. This discussion should be useful to facilities with well-established radiation safety programs as well as facilities that require restructuring to cope with the radiation environment in a modern cardiac catheterization laboratory.
Femtosecond Laser Machining of Micro-tensile Specimens for High Throughput Mechanical Testing (2017)

Recently, a variety of techniques for fabricating microscale specimens for mechanical testing have been developed. However, many of these techniques are limited by material compatibility, specimen sizes, low throughput, or microstructural damage. In contrast, the advent of femtosecond laser systems offer opportunities to circumvent many of these challenges. Here we demonstrate the use of a femtosecond laser milling system to rapidly fabricate micro-tensile specimens across a range of critical dimensions, from 10’s to 100’s of microns. By incorporating the laser milling system into a custom micromechanical testing apparatus, we are able to achieve high throughput investigations of mechanical properties at the microscale. These capabilities are demonstrated on metal and ceramic materials.
A simulation exercise of a cavity-type solar receiver using the HEAP program (1979)

A computer program has been developed at JPL to support the advanced studies of solar receivers in high concentration solar-thermal-electric power plants. This work presents briefly the program methodology, input data required, expected output results, capabilities and limitations. The program was used to simulate an existing 5 kwt experimental receiver of a cavity type. The receiver is located at the focus of a paraboloid dish and is connected to a Stirling engine. Both steady state and transient performance simulation were given. Details about the receiver modeling were also presented to illustrate the procedure followed. Simulated temperature patterns were found in good agreement with test data obtained by high temperature thermocouples. The simulated receiver performance was extrapolated to various operating conditions not attained experimentally. The results of the parameterization study were fitted to a general performance expression to determine the receiver characteristic constraints. The latter were used to optimize the receiver operating conditions to obtain the highest overall conversion efficiency.
Molecular cloning and expression of hyaluronan synthase gene from Streptococcus equi (2003)

The sequence of seHAS gene, spHAS gene and suHAS gene were downloaded from GenBank and two primers were designed in their high conserved regions to amplify sqHAS gene from total DNA of S. equi by PCR. The sqHAS gene was ligated into expression vector pSE380 under trc promoter. When the ligated vector pSE-sqHAS was transformed into E. colt DH5a, sqHAS(Mr = 42KD) was highly expressed in membrane of the recombinant cells after 3h induction with IPTG . Then the membrane(sqHAS) was used to synthesize HA in the presence of UDP-GlcA and UDP-GlcNAc in vitro and HA with molecular weight as high as 3.6 × 106 Da was obtained.
Gender interactions between vertebral bone mineral density and fat content in the elderly: Assessment using fat–water MRI (2019)

2 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1382-1389.
MutantCHUKand Severe Fetal Encasement Malformation (2010)

We report an autosomal recessive lethal syndrome characterized by multiple fetal malformations, the most obvious anomalies being the defective face and seemingly absent limbs, which are bound to the trunk and encased under the skin. We identified the molecular defect that causes this syndrome, using a combined strategy of gene-expression arrays, candidate-gene analysis, clinical studies, and genealogic investigations. A point mutation in two affected fetuses led to the loss of the conserved helix–loop–helix ubiquitous kinase (CHUK), also known as IκB kinase α. CHUK has an essential role in the development of skin epidermis and its derivatives, along with various other morphogenetic events. (Funded by the Academy of Finland and others.).
In vitro Production and Titration Assays of B-Tropic Retroviruses Isolated from C57BL Mouse Tumors Induced by Radiation Leukemia Virus (RadLV-Rs): Effect of Dexamethasone (1980)

The effect of dexamethasone (DXM) on the replication and titration assays of B-ecotropic radiation leukemia virus (RadLV-Rs) isolates was examined. The drug was shown to enhance in vitro virus release by otherwise low producer permissive cells. DXM also stimulated infectivity and focus formation in murine S+L--permissive cells and shortened the time-appearance of virus-induced foci. In contrast to foci observed in nontreated cultures, which are generally abortive and composed of only a few morphologically transformed cells, those obtained with DXM were comparable to those induced by ecotropic retroviruses with a potent helper activity for murine sarcoma virus. In addition, DXM increased virus-induced XC cell fusion. These fundamental data allowed a more abundant in vitro production of the B-ecotropic RadLV-Rs virus isolates as well as precise infectivity titration assays.
Anti-tyrosinase Activities of Curcumin-Chitosan GoldNanoparticles Synthesized from Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) (2022)

A breakthrough in cosmeceuticals by utilizing insects as major ingredients in cosmetic products is gaining popularity. Therefore, the interest in rare sources of ingredients, for instance, from the Oryctes rhinoceros beetle, can bring huge benefit in turning pest to wealth. In this study, curcumin was chosen as the active ingredient loaded into chitosan-gold nanoparticles (CCG-NPs). However, curcumin is unstable, has poor absorption, a high rate of metabolism and high sensitivity to light. These are all factors that contribute to the lower bioavailability of any substance to reach the target cells. Therefore, chitosan extracted from O. rhinoceros acts as a drug carrier and incorported in gold nanoparticles are used to overcome these problems. The CCG-NPs were successfully synthesized at 70 ºC for 60 min under optimal conditions of reactant ratio of 2:0.5 (0.5 mM HAuCl4:0.1% curcumin). The tyrosinase enzyme inhibition of CCG-NPs from O. rhinoceros was 66.385 ± 3.0%. Thus showing a good inhibition trait for the anti-tyrosinase assay as it is almost double the tyrosinase inhibition percentage when being compared to CCG-NPs from the commercial chitosan. Therefore, CCG-NPs from O. rhinoceros has a high potential in cosmeceutical applications as whitening agent.
Cyclooxygenase-Dependent Lipid-Modification of Brain Proteins (2006)

Substantial evidence indicates that both β-amyloid and cyclooxygenase activity contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. The immediate product of the cyclooxygenases, prostaglandin H2, rapidly rearranges in aqueous solution, with approximately 20% being converted to levuglandins E2 and D2. These y-ketoaldehydes are highly reactive and rapidly adduct to accessible amine groups on macromolecules, particularly the ɛ-amine of lysine residues on proteins. The immediate LG-lysine ad-ducts are themselves reactive, and can covalently crosslink proteins. PGH2, acting via LGs, accelerates the formation of the type of oligomers of amyloid β that has been associated with neurotoxicity. In this review, we discuss the cyclooxygenase-dependent lipid-modification of proteins by levuglandins in vitro, in cells in culture and in vivo in transgenic mice over-expressing COX in the brain.
What Role for Radiosurgery in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2002)

The Gamma Knife radiosurgery is a neurosurgical approach having now demonstrated well its efficiency, its low morbidity and its comfort in the treatment of numerous neurosurgical disorders. These advantages of this type of intervention make it a method of great interest in functional neurosurgery and quite particularly in surgery of epilepsy. French experience is a pioneer one in this domain. Since for several years the positive evolution of the epilepsy associated with brain lesions had been noticed after radiosurgical Gamma Knife treatment, the use of this approach in surgery of epilepsy has been systematically evaluated since 1993. Data are today available concerning the surgical treatment of the epilepsies originating in the temporomesial area without space-occupying process, epilepsies associated to hypothalamic hamartomas and epilepsies associated with cavernous angiomas or low grade gliomas. The quality of the epileptological result obtained in these various indications associated with a very reduced morbidity lets assume that the Gamma Knife radiosurgery could indeed have tomorrow a place within the sample group of surgical approaches dedicated to the treatment of severe epilepsies. However, a larger number of treated patients and a more prolonged follow-up remains necessary to assess this approach in a more definitive way.
Have we met? MDP based speaker ID for robot dialogue (2006)

We present a novel approach to speaker identification in robot dialogue that allows a robot to recognize people during natural conversation and address them by name. Our STanford AI Robot (STAIR) dialogue system attempts to mirror the human speaker identification process. We model the robot dialogue problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and apply a reinforcement learning algorithm to try to learn the optimal dialogue actions. The MDP model works in conjunction with a traditional statistical cluster based speaker identification subsystem. Our approach also addresses open-set speaker identification, dynamically adding new speaker profiles as well as continuously updating known profiles.
Assessing error recognition in automated driving (2011)

Technical progress in automated driving research is about to alter the way of driving from manual control towards supervision of automated control. Even if there is still a long way to go, it is worth exploring the ramifications an automated driving task implies. A shift of attention towards secondary activities in the car is acceptable as long as the automation is guaranteed not to fail. An interesting question appears when automation fails only in rare cases. In this study, the authors are exploring drivers’ ability of error recognition in an automated driving scenario with a focus on simultaneously performing secondary tasks. The authors use a newly developed method for this, the autonomous lane change test. The authors find clear effects of secondary tasks on automation supervision, with tasks requiring strong engagement to be most noticeable.
Self-Reported Fitness Level is Predictive of Oxidative Stress (2010)

Regular physical training upregulates enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, which may lower chronic oxidative stress. Few human data are available, however, at the community level on the relationship between physical fitness and oxidative stress. PURPOSE: To measure the relationship between self-reported physical fitness level and plasma biomarkers for oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity while controlling for important confounders including age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: A large community group of males (40%) and females (60%) (N=1,002), varying widely in age (18 to 85 years) and BMI (16.7 to 52.7 kg/m2) served as subjects. Each completed an extensive medical/health questionnaire, were measured for body weight and height, and provided two overnight fasted blood samples separated by 12 weeks. Physical fitness levels were self-reported using a ten-point Likert scale, with one corresponding to low fitness and ten to high fitness. All plasma biomarkers were assayed and averaged from the two blood samples. Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) served as plasma antioxidant capacity markers. Oxidative stress was determined by plasma levels of F2-isoprostanes, and was assayed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Tertile categories were created based on self-reported fitness levels, with differences in outcome measures analyzed using the general linear models procedure in SAS while controlling for age, gender, smoking, and BMI. For variables with a significant test for trend, least-squares means were compared across tertile categories, with Bonferroni's adjustment for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Significant tests for trend were found for plasma F2-isoprostanes (P=0.008) but not plasma FRAP or ORAC. Plasma F2-isoprostanes were significantly lower for the high (-8%) self-reported physical fitness levels when compared to low. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that oxidative stress but not antioxidant capacity is related to self-reported physical fitness level at the community level. Plasma F2-isoprostanes were reduced across low to high tertiles of self-reported physical fitness level. Supported by grants from Coca-Cola and Quercegen Pharma.
Impact of Local Ablation on Interconnected Channels Within Ventricular Scar (2013)

Ablation can eliminate neighboring and remote areas of slow conduction, suggesting that channels within scar are frequently interconnected. This is the first mechanistic demonstration to show that ablation can modify electrical activity in regions of scar outside of the known radius of an radiofrequency lesion. The targeting of relatively earlier LPs can expedite scar homogenization without the need for extensive ablation of all LPs.
Clinical Significance of SERPINA1 Gene and Its Encoded Alpha1-antitrypsin Protein in NSCLC (2019)

<b>Abstrac</b><b>t</b><b>:</b> High expression of <i>SERPINA1</i> gene encoding acute phase protein, alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), is associated with various tumors. We sought to examine the significance of <i>SERPINA1</i> and AAT protein in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and NSCLC cell lines. Tumor and adjacent non-tumor lung tissues and serum samples from 351 NSCLC patients were analyzed for <i>SERPINA1</i> expression and AAT protein levels. We also studied the impact of <i>SERPINA1</i> expression and AAT protein on H1975 and H661 cell behavior, <i>in vitro</i>. Lower <i>SERPINA1</i> expression in tumor but higher in adjacent non-tumor lung tissues (<i>n</i> = 351, <i>p</i> = 0.016) as well as higher serum levels of AAT protein (<i>n</i> = 170, <i>p</i> = 0.033) were associated with worse survival rates. Specifically, in NSCLC stage III patients, higher blood AAT levels (>2.66 mg/mL) correlated with a poor survival (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Intriguingly, levels of serum AAT do not correlate with levels of C-reactive protein, neutrophils-to-leukocyte ratio, and do not correlate with <i>SERPINA1</i> expression or AAT staining in the tumor tissue. Additional experiments <i>in vitro</i> revealed that external AAT and/or overexpressed <i>SERPINA1</i> gene significantly improve cancer cell migration, colony formation and resistance to apoptosis. <i>SERPINA1</i> gene and AAT protein play an active role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and not just reflect inflammatory reaction related to cancer development.
Decarboxylation catalytique de l'acide oxaloacetique en presence de montmorillonite (1987)

Resume La décarboxylation de l'acide oxaloacétique en acide pyruvique a été étudiée en présence de montmorillonite saturée en cations différents et des mêmes cations à l'état libre (non incorporés). L'action catalytique dépend de la nature du cation, cést-à-dire de sa facilité à former des complexes avec l'acide oxaloacétique. Le réseau argileux intervient dans la catalyse essentiellement par les atomes d'aluminium (ou de fer) situés sur les bords des feuillets argileux. Il joue le rôle d'un métalloenzyme biologique. Le calcul des énergies d'activation pour les différents systèmes met bien en évidence l'activité catalytique de l'argile. En présence du phyllosilicate, la réaction a lieu avec un bon rendement jusqu'à une température de 60°C.
The continuous challenge of AF ablation: From foci to rotational activity (2017)

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is central to ablation approaches for atrial fibrillation (AF), yet many patients still have arrhythmia recurrence after one or more procedures despite the latest technology for PVI. Ablation of rotational or focal sources for AF, which lie outside the pulmonary veins in many patients, is a practical approach that has been shown to improve success by many groups. Localized sources lie in atrial regions shown mechanistically to sustain AF in optical mapping and clinical studies of human AF, as well as computational and animal studies. Because they arise in localized atrial regions, AF sources may explain central paradoxes in clinical practice - such as how limited ablation in patient specific sites can terminate persistent AF yet extensive anatomical ablation at stereotypical locations, which should extinguish disordered waves, does not improve success in clinical trials. Ongoing studies may help to resolve many controversies in the field of rotational sources for AF. Studies now verify rotational activation by multiple mapping approaches in the same patients, at sites where ablation terminates persistent AF. However, these studies also show that certain mapping methods are less effective for detecting AF sources than others. It is also recognized that the success of AF source ablation is technique dependent. This review article provides a mechanistic and clinical rationale to ablate localized sources (rotational and focal), and describes successful techniques for their ablation as well as pitfalls to avoid. We hope that this review will serve as a platform for future improvements in the patient-tailored ablation for complex arrhythmias.
One Hour Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion (HOPE) Protects Nonviable Liver Allografts Donated After Cardiac Death (2009)

This is the first study in a reliable large animal transplant model demonstrating the efficacy of a simple cold oxygenated machine perfusion system to rescue, otherwise lethal, ischemic injured DCD liver grafts.
An Analysis of OTT Service Review Using Text Mining: Focusing on the Competitive Advantage of Local Service (2021)

2016년 Netflix가 한국에 진출하면서, 국내 OTT 시장은 생존을 위한 치열한 경쟁의 장이 되고 있다. 본 연구는 한국에서 서비스 중인 OTT 서비스들에 대한 이용자 댓글의 유형을 분류하고, 사업자 및 OTT 유형별로 어느 영역에서 강점과 약점이 있는지를 분석한다. 이를 위해, 구글 플레이스토어에 등록된 12개 서비스에 대한 165,822개 온라인 리뷰를 수집하고 분석한다. 토픽모델링 분석결과, OTT에 대한 이용자 반응은 1) 콘텐츠 품질 2) 서비스 품질 3) 비용 및 결제 4) 광고 및 지연 기피로 유형화할 수 있다. 감성분석 통해 개별 OTT 서비스별 감성점수를 비교한 결과, 콘텐츠 품질은 물론이고 자막 등의 요소에 대해 긍정적인 평가를 받은 Watcha와 Seezn이 이용자들에게 긍정적인 평가를 받은 것으로 확인된다. 한편, OTT 유형별로는 ‘SVOD(Subscription VOD) 유형’, ‘플랫폼과 콘텐츠 결합 유형’ 등에 대한 이용자들의 평가 결과가 높다. 분석 결과를 통해, 국내 토종 플랫폼에 대한 긍정적인 평가가 장기적으로 국내 OTT 시장의 경쟁 구도에도 반영될 것이라 예상해 볼 수 있다.
Transbilayer Lipid Diffusion Promoted by Bax:  Implications for Apoptosis (2003)

It is known that the proapoptotic protein Bax facilitates the formation of pores in bilayers, resulting in the release of proteins from the intermitochondrial space. We demonstrate that another consequence of the interaction of Bax with membranes is an increase in the rate of lipid transbilayer diffusion. We use two independent assays for transbilayer diffusion, one involving the formation of asymmetric liposomes by placing a pyrene-labeled lipid into the outer monolayer of preformed vesicles and another assay based on the initial preparation of liposomes having an asymmetric transbilayer distribution of lipids. With both methods we find that oligomeric BaxDeltaC or full-length Bax in the presence of tBid, but not monomeric full-length Bax, strongly promotes the rate of transbilayer diffusion. Although biological membranes exhibit rates of lipid transbilayer diffusion of minutes or less, they are able to maintain an asymmetric distribution of lipids across the bilayer. In the case of mitochondria, cardiolipin is sequestered on the inner leaflet of the inner mitochondrial membrane. However, during apoptosis this lipid translocates to the outer surface of the outer mitochondrial membrane. This phenomenon must involve an increase in the rate of transbilayer diffusion. The results of the present paper demonstrate that an activated form of Bax can cause this increased rate.