gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery and ramifications of incidental Magnéli phase generation and release from industrial coal-burning (2017)

Coal, as one of the most economic and abundant energy sources, remains the leading fuel for producing electricity worldwide. Yet, burning coal produces more global warming CO<sub>2</sub> relative to all other fossil fuels, and it is a major contributor to atmospheric particulate matter known to have a deleterious respiratory and cardiovascular impact in humans, especially in China and India. Here we have discovered that burning coal also produces large quantities of otherwise rare Magnéli phases (Ti <sub>x</sub> O<sub>2x-1</sub> with 4 ≤ x ≤ 9) from TiO<sub>2</sub> minerals naturally present in coal. This provides a new tracer for tracking solid-state emissions worldwide from industrial coal-burning. In its first toxicity testing, we have also shown that nanoscale Magnéli phases have potential toxicity pathways that are not photoactive like TiO<sub>2</sub> phases, but instead seem to be biologically active without photostimulation. In the future, these phases should be thoroughly tested for their toxicity in the human lung.Solid-state emissions from coal burning remain an environmental concern. Here, the authors have found that TiO2 minerals present in coal are converted into titanium suboxides during burning, and initial biotoxicity screening suggests that further testing is needed to look into human lung consequences.
Fine structure of acetal resins and its effect on mechanical properties (1959)

Abstract Stable, high molecular‐weight polyoxymethylene resins show the room temperature x‐ray crystalline patterns expected from early work on unstable or low molecular weight polyoxymethylene resins. High‐temperature studies show the specific features of this resin to be: (1) disappearance of crystalline peaks at 180°C., and (2) a super‐cooling of 15°C. (i.e., nucleation periods much greater than 15 minutes for temperatures above 165°C.). Studies utilizing optical birefringence show similar melting and freezing behavior. Birefringence studies show effect of quench temperature and melt time and temperature on the average spherulite size and appearance. Under suitable conditions, very large (1 mm. diameter) spherulites can be grown. The effect of variations in the fine structure (spherulite size, crystallite size, and degree of crystallinity) on mechanical properties of thin sections shows that: (1) an increase in crystallinity (by specific volume) gives higher moduli, higher yield strengths, and lower values of elongation to break; (2) smaller spherulites increase the ductility, or ability to retain ductility as the rate of strain of the test is increased; (3) changes in crystallite size over a twofold range have lesser effects on these properties.
Disruption of sex‐specific doublesex exons results in male‐ and female‐specific defects in the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (2018)

Our results not only demonstrate that dsx is a key player determining A. ipsilon sexually dimorphic traits, but also provide a potential method for the genetic control of this pest. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Functional and Non-Functional Nerve-Smooth Muscle Transmission in the Renal Arteries of the Newborn and Adult Rabbit and Guinea-Pig (1982)

Isolated renal arteries from newborn and adult guinea-pigs failed to respond to electrical stimulation of the intramural nerves, using parameters identical to those which elicit large neurogenic contractions in renal arteries from newborn and adult rabbits. The threshold stimulation frequency was lower and responses were greater in adult compared with neonatal rabbits. Comparisons of noradrenaline EC50 values showed that guinea-pig renal arteries are significantly less sensitive to noradrenaline that rabbit vessels. Quantitative fluorescence histochemistry of the perivascular adrenergic nerves in renal arteries revealed that the density of innervation gradually declines in the guinea-pig but substantially increases in the rabbit during postnatal development. The lack of neurogenic response of the guinea-pig renal artery, despite the existence of a varicose, adrenergic nerve plexus, is discussed.
Novel PEGylated Basal Insulin LY2605541 Has a Preferential Hepatic Effect on Glucose Metabolism (2013)

The impact of the novel basal insulin LY2605541 (LY) on hepatic and nonhepatic glucose uptake (non-HGU) was evaluated. Conscious dogs underwent euglycemic clamps with tracer and hepatic balance measurements. Clamp period infusions were peripheral venous regular insulin (0.1 nmol ⋅ kg(-1) ⋅ h(-1) [control], n = 6) or LY (bolus [nmol/kg], continuous [nmol ⋅ kg(-1) ⋅ h(-1)]: 0.5, 0.5 [n = 6]; 0.375, 0.375 [n = 5]; 0.25, 0.25 [n = 4]), somatostatin, and glucose, as well as intraportal glucagon (basal). During the clamp, the dogs switched from net hepatic glucose output to uptake (rates reached 2.1 ± 1.2, 0.9 ± 2.1, 8.6 ± 2.3, and 6.0 ± 1.1 µmol ⋅ kg(-1) ⋅ min(-1) within 5 h in control, LY0.25, LY0.375, and LY0.5, respectively). Non-HGU in LY increased less than in control; the ratio of change from basal in non-HGU to change in net hepatic glucose balance, calculated when glucose infusion rates (GIRs) were ~20 µmol ⋅ kg(-1) ⋅ min(-1) in all groups, was higher in control (1.17 ± 0.38) versus LY0.25 (0.39 ± 0.33), LY0.375 (-0.01 ± 0.13), and LY0.5 (-0.09 ± 0.07). Likewise, the change from baseline in glucose Rd-to-Ra ratio was greatest in control (1.4 ± 0.3 vs. 0.6 ± 0.4, 0.5 ± 0.2, and 0.6 ± 0.2 in LY0.25, LY0.375, and LY0.5, respectively). In contrast to exogenously administered human insulin, LY demonstrated preferential hepatic effects, similar to endogenously secreted insulin. Therefore, the analog might reduce complications associated with current insulin therapy.
CSF in the ventricles of the brain behaves as a relay medium for arteriovenous pulse wave phase coupling (2017)

The ventricles of the brain remain perhaps the largest anatomic structure in the human body without established primary purpose, even though their existence has been known at least since described by Aristotle. We hypothesize that the ventricles help match a stroke volume of arterial blood that arrives into the rigid cranium with an equivalent volume of ejected venous blood by spatially configuring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to act as a low viscosity relay medium for arteriovenous pulse wave (PW) phase coupling. We probe the hypothesis by comparing the spatiotemporal behavior of vascular PW about the ventricular surfaces in piglets to internal observations of ventricle wall motions and adjacent CSF pressure variations in humans. With wavelet brain angiography data obtained from piglets, we map the travel relative to brain pulse motion of arterial and venous PWs over the ventricle surfaces. We find that arterial PWs differ in CF phase from venous PWs over the surfaces of the ventricles consistent with arteriovenous PW phase coupling. We find a spatiotemporal difference in vascular PW phase between the ventral and dorsal ventricular surfaces, with the PWs arriving slightly sooner to the ventral surfaces. In humans undergoing neuroendoscopic surgery for hydrocephalus, we measure directly ventricle wall motions and the adjacent internal CSF pressure variations. We find that CSF pressure peaks slightly earlier in the ventral Third Ventricle than the dorsal Lateral Ventricle. When matched anatomically, the peri-ventricular vascular PW phase distribution in piglets complements the endo-ventricular CSF PW phase distribution in humans. This is consistent with a role for the ventricles in arteriovenous PW coupling and may add a framework for understanding hydrocephalus and other disturbances of intracranial pressure.
MHC restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize a human transplantation antigen. (1983)

Recently we demonstrated, that post-transplant lymphocytes from a bon-marrow transplanted A.M.L. patient, suffering from severe GvHD, exhibited strong cytotoxicity in CML against his own pre-transplant lymphocytes.Since the patient has been transplanted with bone-marrow from his HLA identical female sibling, it could be concluded that the transplanted lymphocytes differed in a non HLA-A to -DR antigen from the patient.The initiative experiments coraprising a panel-analysis of unrelated individuals, indicated that patients post-transplant cytotoxic effector cells were recognising an HLA associated minor transplantation antigen (designated "HA").We report here an extension of our first observation.The patients post-transplant cytotoxic effector cells were tested against a comprehensive number of a) randomly chosen unrelated healthy paneldonors; b) relatives of the positively lysed paneldonors and c) several bone-marrow donor/recipient combinations.Our results suggest that the cytotoxic effector cells, which are derived from a patient suffering from severe GvHD, recognize one (or more) minor transplantation antigen(s) in association with the three seif class I HLA antigens of the patient.The non HLA minor histocompatibility antigcn(s), showing different gene frequencies for the three restricting elements, segregated in many but not all families in a codominant way.
Heterocyclic Spiranes. Oxazolidines from (1-Aminocyclohexyl)methanol (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterocyclic Spiranes. Oxazolidines from (1-Aminocyclohexyl)methanolWAYLAND E. NOLAND and ROY A. JOHNSONCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 7, 1155–1159Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01077a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01077a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Mediated Muscle Cell Survival: Central Roles for Akt and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 (2000)

Polypeptide growth factors activate specific transmembrane receptors, leading to the induction of multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways which control cell function and fate. Recent studies have shown that growth factors promote cell survival by stimulating the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt, which appears to function primarily as an antiapoptotic agent by inactivating death-promoting molecules. We previously established C2 muscle cell lines lacking endogenous expression of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II). These cells underwent apoptotic death in low-serum differentiation medium but could be maintained as viable myoblasts by IGF analogues that activated the IGF-I receptor or by unrelated growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB). Here we show that IGF-I promotes muscle cell survival through Akt-mediated induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Treatment of myoblasts with IGF-I or transfection with an inducible Akt maintained muscle cell survival and enhanced production of p21, and ectopic expression of p21 was able to sustain viability in the absence of growth factors. Blocking of p21 protein accumulation through a specific p21 antisense cDNA prevented survival regulated by IGF-I or Akt but did not block muscle cell viability mediated by PDGF-BB. Our results define Akt as an intermediate and p21 as a critical effector of an IGF-controlled myoblast survival pathway that is active during early myogenic differentiation and show that growth factors are able to maintain cell viability by inducing expression of pro-survival molecules.
Synthesis and application of chiral phosphorous triamide ligands (2008)

In this thesis the synthesis and application of novel chiral monodentate phosphorous triamide (PTA) ligands is presented. First, a small library of chiral PTAs based on three different chiral diamine backbones has been prepared through a convenient modular synthetic approach. The study significantly increases the knowledge about the synthesis, purification, stability and structural features of these compounds. The prepared ligand library was evaluated in the asymmetric hydrogenation as well as in two different asymmetric C-C bond forming reactions. All tested structurally very different PTAs show poor performance in the Rh catalysed hydrogenation of dimethyl itaconate. In contrast, better results could be obtained in the Cu catalysed Michael-addition of diethyl zink to cyclohexenone where enantioselectivity values up to 60% have been achieved. Good conversions, selectivities and promising enantioselectivity of 63% was attained in the Ni catalysed hydrovinylation of styrene at relatively high reaction temperature. The results of this thesis demonstrate that chiral PTAs are accessible and can provide significant levels of enantioselectivity in asymmetric catalysis. Their steric and electronic properties can be fine-tuned by the variation of the amine components. In general, the behaviour of these ligands is significantly different from the related phosphites or phosphoramidites and their potential in enantioselective catalysis is not yet fully explored.
Elevated Androgens and Prolactin in Aromatase-Deficient Mice Cause Enlargement, But Not Malignancy, of the Prostate Gland* (2001)

Although androgens are the main steroids controlling the growth of the mammalian prostate, increasing evidence demonstrates that estrogens also regulate prostate development and growth. This study describes the effects of estrogen deficiency using aromatase knockout mice (ArKO) with targeted disruption of the cyp19 gene. Serum and tissue testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone as well as serum PRL levels are significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in mature male ArKO mice. Histological, stereological, and immunohistochemical studies demonstrated enlargement of the ventral, anterior, and dorsolateral lobes of the prostate in young and older ArKO mice. Hyperplasia of the epithelial, interstitial, and luminal compartments was identified and associated with up-regulation of androgen receptors. There was no evidence of malignancy as the animals aged (up to 56 weeks). The changes observed in the prostates of ArKO mice were unaffected by maintaining mice on regular or soy-free diets. It is concluded in ArKO mice that, despite the long-term elevation of androgens and PRL, the absence of estrogen in these animals does not result in induction of malignancy in the prostate gland.
20.2: Gated Field Emitter using Carbon Nanotube Line Emitters Directly Grown into the Submicron‐Holes for Field Emission Display (2001)

Abstract We present fabrication of the first carbon nanotubes field emission picture element with gate electrodes and their basic field electron emission properties. Though the characteristics indicate that there are still a few technical problems to be solved, a gated triode structure with carbon nanotubes directly grown on the substrate as a line emitter is promising for the field emission source.
Logical correlation-based sleep scheduling for energy-efficient WSNs in smart homes (2015)

Rapid increase of elderly population in the world is motivating innovative technologies for healthcare services that are both high-quality and cost-effective. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based smart home for assisted living is one of the most prosperous solutions to this area, since it removes the requirement of deploying wired devices and is easy to be implemented in existing home environments. However, limited battery capacity of sensor nodes constraints the lifetime of WSNs and prevents this solution to be widely accepted by the industry. Therefore, this paper proposes a logical correlation-based sleep scheduling mechanism (LCSSM) to achieve energy-efficient WSNs in smart homes. LCSSM first automatically generates logical correlations between sensors by learning from living patterns of different home residents. It then activates/deactivates sensors according to their logical correlations to reduce energy consumption. Numerical evaluation results based on real datasets have validated that the proposed LCSSM not only reduces energy consumption of WSNs significantly, but also retains the quality of sensing successfully. Specifically speaking, sensors with LCSSM successfully sense more than 94% valuable events occurred in the smart home with only 23%-57% active time of the whole evaluation period.
Tirone David procedure for bicuspid aortic valve disease: impact of root geometry and valve type on mid-term outcomes (2014)

BAV type, including number of raphes, sinuses and commissures (SØ superior to S1) but not commissure geometry within the neoroot alone, appears to be linked to functional outcomes after V-SARR for BAV.
Computer Simulation of Human Interaction with Underwater Breathing Equipment (1994)

A mathematical model of the human respiratory system is being developed in order to simulate manned diving operations using various types of breathing equipment. A simulation study is presented of a human diving to a depth of 50 m, using a semi-closed re-breathing system with two different oxygen flow settings. A gas supply with 32.5 per cent oxygen concentration results in a safe dive whereas a 60 per cent setting indicates a dangerous diving condition. Typical respiratory model input data are illustrated for the lung, together with dimensional details for the re-breathing counterlung. The simulation results show variations in alveolar and pleural pressures, gas concentrations and partial pressures in the equipment and in the human respiratory system.
Improved Bipolar Separator For Lead Acid Batteries (1989)

New separator prolongs battery life. Design for bipolar separator consists of polyethylene plate and glass mats bonded to both faces of plate. Reduces loss of active material.
UWB Transmitted Reference Signaling Schemes - Part I: Performance Analysis (2006)

Transmitted-reference (TR) signaling, in conjunction with an autocorrelation receiver (AcR), offers a low-complexity alternative to Rake reception. Due to its simplicity, there is renewed interest in TR signaling for ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) systems. Different variations of TR signaling have been proposed and investigated, including differential TR (DTR) signaling and noise averaging at the AcR. This paper provides performance analysis of various TR schemes by developing an analytical framework based on the sampling expansion approach. Specifically, we derive uncoded bit error probability (BEP) of different TR signaling schemes such as DTR and noise averaging at the AcR for a broad class of fading channels.
Methyl reorientation in methylphenanthrenes. I. Solid state proton spin–lattice relaxation in the 3-methyl, 9-methyl, and 3,9-dimethyl systems (1987)

We have investigated the dynamics of methyl group reorientation in solid methyl-substituted phenanthrenes. The temperature dependence of the proton spin–lattice relaxation rates has been measured in polycrystalline 3-methylphenanthrene (3-MP), 9-methylphenanthrene (9-MP), and 3,9-dimethylphenanthrene (3,9-DMP) at Larmor frequencies of 8.50, 22.5, and 53.0 MHz. The data are interpreted using a Davidson–Cole spectral density which implies either that the correlation functions for intramolecular reorientation are nonexponential or that there is a distribution of exponential correlation times. Comparing the fitted parameters that characterize the relaxation data for the three molecules shows that the individual contributions to the relaxation rate from the 3- and 9-methyls in 3,9-DMP can be separated and that the parameters specifying each are similar to the equivalent group in the two single methylphenanthrenes. The 9-methyl group is characterized by effective activation energies of 10.6±0.6 and 12.5±0.9 kJ/mol in 9-MP and 3,9-DMP, respectively, whereas the 3-methyl group is characterized by effective activation energies of 5.2±0.8 and 5±1 kJ/mol in 3-MP and 3,9-DMP, respectively. The agreement between the fitted and calculated values of the spin–lattice interaction strength, assuming only intramethyl proton dipole–dipole interactions need be considered, is excellent. A comparison between experimentally determined correlation times and those calculated from a variety of very simple dynamical models is given, and the results suggest, as have several previous studies, that at high temperatures where tunneling plays no role, methyl reorientation is a simple, thermally activated, hopping process. We have also analyzed many published data in methyl-substituted phenanthrenes, anthracenes, and naphthalenes (14 molecules) in the same way as we did for the phenanthrene data presented here, and a consistent picture for the dynamics of methyl reorientation emerges.
Focal eosinophilic infiltration of the liver, benign or malignant? (2021)

Focal eosinophilic infiltration (FEI) of the liver shares imaging characteristics with malignant hepatic lesions but should be suspected when concomitantly observing eosinophilia. While in itself benign, the cause of FEI should be sought and treated.
EVALUATION OF THE VECTOR SPACE REPRESENTATION IN TEXT-BASED GENE CLUSTERING (2002)

Thanks to its increasing availability, electronic literature can now be a major source of information when developing complex statistical models where data is scarce or contains much noise. This raises the question of how to deeply integrate information from domain literature with experimental data. Evaluating what kind of statistical text representations can integrate literature knowledge in clustering still remains an unsufficiently explored topic. In this work we discuss how the bag-of-words representation can be used successfully to represent genetic annotation and free-text information coming from different databases. We demonstrate the effect of various weighting schemes and information sources in a functional clustering setup. As a quantitative evaluation, we contrast for different parameter settings the functional groupings obtained from text with those obtained from expert assessments and link each of the results to a biological discussion.
The role of surface vibrations and quantum confinement effect to the optical properties of very thin nanocrystalline silicon films (2007)

We report on a spectroscopic study of very thin nanocrystalline silicon films varying between 5 and 30nm. The role of quantum confinement effect and surface passivation of nanograins in optical properties are examined in detail. The coupling between surface vibrations and fundamental gap Eg as well as the increase of interaction between them at the strong confinement regime (⩽2nm) are proposed for the observable pinning of Eg in luminescence measurements.