gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of antimicrobial agents fed to chickens on some gram-negative enteric bacilli (1985)

Total and antimicrobial agent-resistant aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-negative enteric bacilli in fecal samples of broiler chickens fed growth-promotional levels of antimicrobial agents were determined quantitatively. Two 8-week studies were conducted utilizing groups of chickens fed antimicrobial-supplemented rations; the second study involved feed "pasteurization" as a means of minimizing colonization from the feed. Dilution/spread-plating/replica-plating techniques on selective media were used to obtain counts of total organisms and those resistant to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, ampicillin, or kanamycin. The predominant aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-negative organism was Escherichia coli, which was detected in all samples at levels ranging from 10(5) to over 10(10) CFU/g of feces. Less common were Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas sp., which varied in occurrence and levels from group to group (range, less than 10(3) to 10(8) CFU/g). Resistance to all antimicrobials (except chloramphenicol in E. coli) was commonly observed at incidences exceeding 10(3) CFU/g in the total populations. Colonization of the chickens' intestinal tracts by susceptible and resistant strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas sp. appeared to result from their presence in the environment of the newly hatched chickens. Ration pasteurization did affect P. mirabilis, which appeared to colonize from the feed. The results suggest that colonization by, and proliferation of, antimicrobial-resistant aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-negative enteric bacilli in chicken intestinal tracts may be less dependent on selection through antimicrobial supplementation of the ration than on their prevalence in environments from which they can colonize newborns.
Global transcriptome changes in perennial ryegrass during early infection by pink snow mould (2016)

Lack of resistance to pink snow mould (Microdochium nivale) is a major constraint for adaptation of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) to continental regions with long-lasting snow cover at higher latitudes. Almost all investigations of genetic variation in resistance have been performed using cold acclimated plants. However, there may be variation in resistance mechanisms that are functioning independently of cold acclimation. In this study our aim was to identify candidate genes involved in such resistance mechanisms. We first characterized variation in resistance to M. nivale among non-acclimated genotypes from the Norwegian cultivar 'Fagerlin' based on relative regrowth and fungal quantification by real-time qPCR. One resistant and one susceptible genotype were selected for transcriptome analysis using paired-end sequencing by Illumina Hiseq 2000. Transcriptome profiles, GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis indicate that defense response related genes are differentially expressed between the resistant and the susceptible genotype. A significant up-regulation of defense related genes, as well as genes involved in cell wall cellulose metabolic processes and aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity, was observed in the resistant genotype. The candidate genes identified in this study might be potential molecular marker resources for breeding perennial ryegrass cultivars with improved resistance to pink snow mould.
Full utilization, fairness, and access delay on high speed slotted bus networks (1997)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1997.
Effects of Mechanical Milling with Ag Powder on Thermoelectric Properties of NaxCo2O4 Polycrystal Synthesized through Citric Acid Complex Process (2007)

NaxCo2O4 powders synthesized by citric acid complex (CAC) process were mechanically milled with Ag particles around 1μm in size and then pressurelessly sintered. Effects of the mechanical milling on microstructure and thermoelectric properties of a NaxCo2O4/Ag composite were investigated. Ag powder was finely dispersed in the NaxCo2O4/Ag mixed powder after mechanical milling. The NaxCo2O4/Ag sintered bodies showed the large crystallographic anisotropy as compared to the NaxCo2O4/Ag composite synthesized by the conventional CAC process. However, Ag particles were coarsened during sintering, and the NaxCo2O4/Ag composite polycrystal with dispersion of fine Ag grains could not be obtained. By Ag addition, the electrical resistivity was significantly reduced, but the thermal conductivity was increased because of the coarse Ag phase, resulting in the dimensionless figure of merit almost the same as, or smaller than, that of the sample without Ag.
OPTICS OF THE EYE WITH AIR OR SILICONE OIL (1988)

Replacement of intraocular contents with gas or silicone oil changes the optical characteristics of the eye. This affects the surgeon's view of the fundus and the patient's vision. Gullstrand's schematic eye was used to calculate the refractive properties of eyes with air or silicone oil in the vitreous cavity or anterior chamber in phakia, aphakia, and pseudophakia. The article gives a general solution of the optical characteristics of the eye with any substance filling the eye or the vitreous cavity. Criteria are shown for selection of appropriate corneal contact lenses for visualization of the fundus during and after vitreous surgery.
El lenguaje y la cultura en la literatura africana escrita en inglés (2006)

This is the first study showing across three cohorts that X-chromosomal FOXP3 genotypes may contribute to development of sensitisation against egg and indoor allergens in girls in early childhood. In addition, an association with remission of sensitisation to food allergens existed in boys only.
Precise re-entry and landing of propellantless spacecraft (2021)

Spacecraft returning scientific samples or humans from space must be capable of surviving re-entry and landing in a desired location. Traditionally, this has been accomplished via a propulsive de-orbit burn. However, it is not always possible to mount a propulsion system on board a satellite or a capsule. In the case of small satellites deployed from the International Space Station, for example, on-board propulsion systems are forbidden for safety reasons. Our work proposes a new technological solution for re-entering and landing a spacecraft in a desired location from a low Earth orbit using exclusively aerodynamic drag and eliminating the need for chemical propulsion. First, an iterative procedure is utilized to compute the desired state at the re-entry interface (100 km) such that a propagation of the vehicle dynamics in the nominal re-entry drag configuration from this initial state leads to a landing at a desired latitude and longitude on the surface of the Earth. Next, a re-entry point targeting algorithm is utilized to determine the on-orbit ballistic coefficient profile necessary to target the desired re-entry point. Finally, the ballistic coefficient profile during the final hours of the trajectory before the re-entry interface is iteratively modified to correct any remaining along-track error in the landing location. The proposed solution is applied to a small satellite system that is jettisoned from the ISS and is equipped with a deployable heat shield that also serves as a drag device.
Efficient algorithms for spectra calculations in nonlinear microwave circuits simulators (1990)

Two original and efficient discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithms for quasi-periodic signals are presented. These constitute important tools for computer-aided analysis, and design of microwave circuits driven by multiple input frequencies (e.g. mixers, (de)modulators, multitone amplifiers, etc.), which is still an open field. The efficiency of the algorithms is shown through a typical example, and a comparison with previously published methods is given. The proposed algorithms appear to yield no major difficulty; they can also be implemented quickly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
STUDIES ON SILK FIBROIN. III. GEL FILTRATION STUDY OF FIBROINS (1974)

Silk fibroin samples obtained by extraction of silk fibre with boiling, Na 2 CO 3 solution for different intervals of time were examined in 6M guanidine hydrochloride solution by gel filtration on agarose. All the samples studied were heterogeneous. The weight‐average molecular weight of the samples estimated by gel filtration method was lower than that obtained by the Archibald ultracentrifuge method in 0.1 M KNO 3 solution. This discrepancy was observed to be due to the dissociating effect of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Sodium dodecyl sulfate and β‐mercaptoethanol also caused dissociation. The thermal degradation of silk fibroin in Na 2 CO 3 solution followed a first order reaction kinetics. Electrophoresis of the fibroins on polyacrylamide gels could not be performed since the protein remained at the top of the gel either due to precipitation of the protein or because of interaction with the gel. The experiments with buffer containing 6 M urea or 0.1% SDS also failed.
MOBILE VERSES FIXED BARING IN DEEP FLEXION AFTER TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT (2009)

Introduction: Literature fails clearly to indicate an advantage of a mobile bearing over the fixed bearing implant. The purpose of this study is to compare result of mobile bearing verses fixed bearing Total Knee replacement done by single surgeon and to see if there is any advantage for the mobile bearing. Material and Methods: Eight hundred sixty two cases of a mobile bearing LPS Flex implant was compared to four hundred twenty six cases of fix bearing LPS implant done from January of 2001 to January 2006, both group was performed by the same surgeon and the same postoperative cause was done in both group. Documentation for complication and knee score were done in both groups and statistics and analyses were curried out for this result. Also three kinematics evaluation was curried on for ten patients of each group to asset the tibia femoral movement in both groups in deep flexions. Result: We had three Knee dislocations in the mobile bearing group none in the fixed bearing group the rest of the complication were similar in both group. Average range of motion was the same in both groups. Knee score was similar in both groups. Canamathic assessment confirmed in both group excessive exteneraltation of the femur over the tibia and in fixed bearing group it confirms the spelling of the lateral femoral condoral from the tibial Plato which wrist concern about the safety Fix bearing in deep flexion. Discussion and Conclusion: There was no clear advantage of Mobil bearing over fixed bearing implant, mobile bearing requires a better sophistical balance to reduce rate of Knee dislocation postoperatively. The mobile bearing knee seems to be more accommodating to deep flexion over Hundred & Fifty degrees and concern should be raised about the fixed bearing in deep flexion activity.
Synthesis of Heteroaryl Iodanes(III) via ipso‐Substitution Reactions Using Iodine Triacetate Assisted by HFIP (2019)

Abstract The synthesis of monoaryl‐λ 3 ‐iodanes generally requires the oxidation of iodoarenes, but the functional group compatibility is often problematic when using oxidizable substrates such as heteroaromatic compounds. Although electrophilic aromatic substitution or ipso ‐substitution reactions using iodine tricarboxylates have been studied as an alternative synthetic route to dicarboxyiodoarenes, several common heteroaromatic substrates such as indoles, quinolines, (benzo)furans, and (benzo)thiophenes have not been investigated to date. Here, we report that ipso ‐substitution reactions of heteroaromatic stannanes using I(OAc) 3 in the presence of 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) effectively provide diacetoxyiodoarenes, which can be converted into the corresponding iodonium ylides or be directly used in a one‐pot iodoarylation reaction.
Lymphopenia is an important prognostic factor in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (NOS) treated with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy (2011)

This study suggests that lymphopenia could be an independent prognostic marker to predict unfavorable OS and PFS in patients with PTCL-NOS treated with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy and can be used to further stratify high-risk patients using IPI scores.
A multiresolution hybrid neuro-Markovian image modeling and segmentation (2002)

A new textured image model is proposed. This model is described by means of a neuro-Markovian hybrid approach using a Kohonen map and a hidden Markov model (HMM). Each state of the HMM describes one resolution level in the image. The change of the state corresponds to the change of image analysis resolution level. The HMM observation space is composed of clusters which are estimated using a Kohonen map. The second role of the Kohonen algorithm is to achieve a segmentation which is done in parallel with the one proceeded by a Viterbi algorithm. The results given by the both algorithms present some complementarity.
Proliferative Response and Cytokine Production of Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Induced by the Superantigens Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1. (1995)

The potential of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), B (SEB), C(SEC) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) to act as superantigens by inducing polyclonal T-cell mitogenesis and cytokine production was tested on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). These four toxins were capable of inducing strong proliferative response of PBMC from calves over a broad dosage range (1 pg/ml to 1 microgram/ml) in vitro. The toxin-activated blast cells consisted of both CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells, but the T-cell proliferation depended upon the presence of monocytes. Treatment of monocytes with monoclonal antibody to major histocompatibility complex class II antigens substantially inhibited the toxin-induced T-cell proliferative response, but paraformaldehyde-fixation did not abrogate the accessory function. SEA, SEB, SEC and TSST-1, all induced the in vitro release of interleukin-2, interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha in a dose dependent manner. The results indicate that SEA, SEB, SEC and TSST-1 are capable of acting as superantigens by stimulating bovine T-cells as shown in the human and murine systems. The possible implications of these toxins in the immunopathogenesis of bovine mastitis caused by the infection with Staphylococcus aureus are discussed.
The Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) (2020)

The Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) offers world-leading scientific expertise and specialized capabilities to create, characterize, and integrate nanostructured materials at a range of length scales, from nano- to meso-scale. CINT helps scientists perform cutting-edge research in the areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology, providing FREE ACCESS for nonproprietary research. CINT facilities are open to the international research community, including government, academic, and industry researchers. One of CINT's core research areas is in-situ S/TEM experiments. Early capabilities focused on electrical and electrochemical property measurements of materials during high-resolution imaging. More recently, the staff has expanded the available techniques to include gaseous environments (ETEM), liquid-cell, mechanics, ion irradiation, laser ablation, cryogenic, heating, and air-free transfer. In-situ investigations have focused on coupled structure-property measurements on real materials, with the CINT user community expanding many of the in-situ method developments.
A Near-Threshold, 0.16 nJ/b OOK-Transmitter With 0.18 nJ/b Noise-Cancelling Super-Regenerative Receiver for the Medical Implant Communications Service (2013)

A 0.16 nJ/b MICS transmitter and 0.18 nJ/b super-regenerative receiver are demonstrated, where each is specifically designed to operate in the near-threshold region. The low-VDD transmitter utilizes a sub-harmonic injection-locked ring oscillator, edge combiner for frequency multiplication, and class-C power amplifier. The low-VDD receiver introduces a replica super-regenerative receiver as a method to reject common-mode noise sources, such as supply/substrate coupling, thereby reducing undesired self-oscillations and improving BER. Designed in a 90-nm CMOS process, the test-chip measurements show a sensitivity of -80 dBm at 500 kb/s and -65 dBm at 1 Mb/s, respectively, at a BER less than 10⁻³, with 340 μW total power.
The first liquid-crystalline, expanded porphyrinsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: synthetic procedures, hydrazinophyrin characterisation, and crystal structure data. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b3/b307901p/ (2003)

Aliphatic derivatives of hydrazinophyrin, a new type of tetrapyrrolic macrocycle prepared by the condensation of 2,5-diformylpyrroles with hydrazine, exhibit liquid crystalline properties as judged from polarising optical microscopy; these hydrazinophyrins appear to be the first mesogens derived from an expanded porphyrin core.
A Pilot Study to Assess Benefit of Atrial Rhythm Control after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Atrioventricular Node Ablation (2014)

In this pilot study, no incremental benefit for ARC was apparent. A larger study will be necessary to adequately examine these issues.
SPECTRUM OF GLOBAL MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY IN A NARROW TRANSITION LAYER (2009)

The global magnetorotational instability is investigated for a configuration in which the rotation frequency changes only in a narrow transition region. If the vertical wavelength of the unstable mode is of the same order or smaller than the width of this region, the growth rates can differ significantly from those given by a local analysis. In addition, the nonaxisymmetric spectrum admits overstable modes with a nontrivial dependence on azimuthal wavelength, a feature missed by the local theory. In the limit of vanishing transition region width, the Rayleigh-centrifugal instability is recovered in the axisymmetric case, and the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the nonaxisymmetric case.
An integrated DTV receiver for ATSC digital television standard (1998)

This paper describes a system structure of a DTV receiver capable of decoding a terrestrial broadcast signal which conforms to the ATSC digital television standard. A newly developed chip set is used to realize a compact decoder unit.
Biometric Systems under Morphing Attacks: Assessment of Morphing Techniques and Vulnerability Reporting (2017)

With the widespread deployment of biometric recognition systems, the interest in attacking these systems is increasing. One of the easiest ways to circumvent a biometric recognition system are so-called presentation attacks, in which artefacts are presented to the sensor to either impersonate another subject or avoid being recognised. In the recent past, the vulnerabilities of biometric systems to so-called morphing attacks have been unveiled. In such attacks, biometric samples of multiple subjects are merged in the signal or feature domain, in order to allow a successful verification of all contributing subjects against the morphed identity. Being a recent area of research, there is to date no standardised manner to evaluate the vulnerability of biometric systems to these attacks. Hence, it is not yet possible to establish a common benchmark between different morph detection algorithms. In this paper, we tackle this issue proposing new metrics for vulnerability reporting, which build upon our joint experience in researching this challenging attack scenario. In addition, recommendations on the assessment of morphing techniques and morphing detection metrics are given.
Mechanisms of Sensory Discrimination: Insights fromDrosophilaOlfaction (2019)

All an animal can do to infer the state of its environment is to observe the sensory-evoked activity of its own neurons. These inferences about the presence, quality, or similarity of objects are probabilistic and inform behavioral decisions that are often made in close to real time. Neural systems employ several strategies to facilitate sensory discrimination: Biophysical mechanisms separate the neuronal response distributions in coding space, compress their variances, and combine information from sequential observations. We review how these strategies are implemented in the olfactory system of the fruit fly. The emerging principles of odor discrimination likely apply to other neural circuits of similar architecture.
Human Landing System Architecture Options Utilizing the XLR-132 Rocket Engine (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3269.vid NASA’s Artemis lunar exploration program aims to return humans to the moon over 50 years after the Apollo 17 crew lifted off from the surface. This time around, the goal is not only to return to the lunar surface, but to stay and explore, learning and preparing for later human exploration missions to Mars. In late 2019, Aerojet Rocketdyne (AR) performed an architecture trade study to evaluate several vehicle configurations and propulsion options that would satisfy the current mission requirements set forth by NASA. This study was completed under a NextSTEP-2 Appendix E: Human Landing System (HLS) Studies, Risk Reduction, Development, and Demonstration contract with NASA. The overarching observations from this study are still relevant as NASA and its HLS contractors are in the midst of designing the vehicles that will ultimately land on the lunar surface. The architecture trade study included an examination of a range of HLS configurations, launch vehicle options, concept of operations (CONOPS) options, main propulsion options, and other subsystem design options. Architectures were evaluated based on cost, schedule, reliability, extensibility, and performance attributes. Architecture configurations were scored and ranked through a utility analysis methodology. High scoring configurations that spanned the design space were further studied with alternate attribute weightings and Monte Carlo uncertainty analyses. Based on the assumptions made during the definition phase of the study, architectures using pump-fed storable propulsion received the highest overall scores across each set of weightings and uncertainty analysis. Architecture configurations that utilized the XLR-132 pump-fed storable engine scored particularly well indicating the XLR-132 to be an attractive main propulsion candidate for HLS elements. This paper provides a summary of the HLS architecture study performed by AR, and emphasizes 3-element and 2-element architecture configurations that take advantage of the XLR-132 pump-fed storable engine. Background details of the XLR-132 engine are also provided.
Building resilient classifiers for LSB matching steganography (2008)

One of the Internet’s hallmark is the rapid spread of the use of information and communication technology. This has boosted methods for hiding stego information inside digital cover content images which is a concerning issue in information security. On the other hand, attack of steganographic schemes has leveraged methods for steganalysis which is a challenging problem. In this paper, first we look at the design of classifiers, such as, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and neural networks (RBF and MLP) which are able to detect the presence of Least Significant Bit (LSB) matching steganography of gray scale images. Second, by combining with feature ranking methods (SVM-Recursive Feature Elimination, Kruskal Wallis) and reduction techniques (PCA) pattern classification of stego is successfully achieved. It is of utmost importance to look at the large set of features extracted from images and find ranking methods able, namely, to exclude correlated and redundant features, avoid the curse of dimensionality or circumvent the need of the steganalyzer to be re-designed. Results show that desirable properties of robustness and resilience are attained by designing classifiers able to deal with redundancy and noise. Moreover, comparison of classifiers performance emphasizes the chosen model for the steganalyser.