gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-content imaging-based BAC-GFP toxicity pathway reporters to assess chemical adversity liabilities (2016)

Adaptive cellular stress responses are paramount in the healthy control of cell and tissue homeostasis and generally activated during toxicity in a chemical-specific manner. Here, we established a platform containing a panel of distinct adaptive stress response reporter cell lines based on BAC-transgenomics GFP tagging in HepG2 cells. Our current panel of eleven BAC-GFP HepG2 reporters together contains (1) upstream sensors, (2) downstream transcription factors and (3) their respective target genes, representing the oxidative stress response pathway (Keap1/Nrf2/Srxn1), the unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum (Xbp1/Atf4/BiP/Chop) and the DNA damage response (53bp1/p53/p21). Using automated confocal imaging and quantitative single-cell image analysis, we established that all reporters allowed the time-resolved, sensitive and mode-of-action-specific activation of the individual BAC-GFP reporter cell lines as defined by a panel of pathway-specific training compounds. Implementing the temporal pathway activity information increased the discrimination of training compounds. For a set of >30 hepatotoxicants, the induction of Srxn1, BiP, Chop and p21 BAC-GFP reporters correlated strongly with the transcriptional responses observed in cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes. Together, our data indicate that a phenotypic adaptive stress response profiling platform will allow a high throughput and time-resolved classification of chemical-induced stress responses, thus assisting in the future mechanism-based safety assessment of chemicals.
Localized Control of Exsanguinating Arterial Hemorrhage: An Experimental Model (2011)

We have developed a hemodynamically stable model of acute arterial injury which can be used to evaluate diagnostic and treatment methods focused on control of the arterial injury site.
Probing Chemical Reactions: Evidence for Exploration of an Excited Potential Energy Surface at Thermal Energies (1993)

The reaction K + NaBr --> KBr + Na is probed during the reactive collision by a continuous wave laser tuned to frequencies not resonant with excitation in either reagents or products. Transient [K..Br..Na] absorbs a laser photon giving [K..Br..Na](*), which can decompose to Na(*) + KBr. Emission from excited Na(*) at the sodium D lines provides direct evidence of laser absorption during the reaction. Different excitation spectra were observed, depending on which sodium D line was monitored. This difference is explicable if, in the absence of the laser, the reaction flux partially bifurcates to a second potential energy surface during the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Laser Raman Spectroelectrochemical Studies of Anodic Corrosion and Film Formation on Iron in Phosphate Solutions. (1989)

Abstract Results of cyclic voltammetry show mostly active dissolution of iron in acidic phosphate solution (H 3 PO 4 , NaH 2 PO 4 ) and complete passivity in alkaline Na 2 HPO 4 and Na 3 PO 4 solutions.
Achieving Brazilian Extended Reach Drilling records on Polvo project with Ultra-High Torque Connection (2011)

Abstract The Polvo project is a platform based drilling rig located ~95km off the Brazilian coast in the Campos Basin. The field consists of two distinct reservoirs, a carbonate reservoir to the southwest, and a sandstone reservoir to the east. The Polvo project began drilling in March 2007 and has since drilled a total of 32 wellbores. The wells range in difficulty from "short reach" to "very extended reach" wellbores. The deviation is from 3–7° DLS at angles of 30–92°. Wellbores are 3-dimensionally designed in order to improve total reservoir exposure. Extended reach, deep and high deviation wells require the use of a drill string that has both higher torsional yield strength drill pipe body and greater torque capacity tool joints than are afforded by standard API connections. VAM Express double shoulder connection has been designed in order to address the drilling challenges linked to the development of such complex wells. This proprietary high torque connection incorporates four major design features allowing pushing further the drilling envelope limits: quick rig make-up, high torque performance, user friendly and durability. After beginning the project and platform placement, it was discovered that sandstone reservoir targets further to the east had higher productivity than expected. After drilling 12 wells and numerous lessons learned, the furthest extended reach well in the history of Brazil was attempted and successfully completed. The Pol-O wellbore was drilled to a total measured depth of 6,489 m (2,429 m TVD) and a vertical section step out of 5,615 m. This wellbore was and continues to hold the record for furthest reach wellbore in the history of Brazil. In addition to obtaining this extended reach record, Polvo also attained the record of fastest 24 hours drilling in and 8 ½" hole with 1,610 m in 24 hours. To obtain this drilling record, it was not only critical to have high on bottom ROP, but also to optimize connection time. The high torque connection helped to achieve this fast connection time and also prevented any drillstring failure. Having drilled over 100,000 m of total hole in highly deviated wellbores using the same drillstring, there have not been any twist-offs or back-offs on the Polvo project. By being able drill these further reach wellbores successfully and more economically, the Polvo Platform has proved up further reserves that can be produced without requiring installation of another platform or subsea tiebacks. The rig is not limited by connection strength and plans are in place to improve the top-drive to deliver more torque, while staying with the same double shoulder connection size.
Optical properties of highly nonlinear silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) waveguide geometries (2009)

Geometry, nonlinearity, dispersion and two-photon absorption figure of merit of three basic silicon-organic hybrid waveguide designs are compared. Four-wave mixing and heterodyne pump-probe measurements show that all designs achieve high nonlinearities. The fundamental limitation of two-photon absorption in silicon is overcome using silicon-organic hybrid integration, with a five-fold improvement for the figure of merit (FOM). The value of FOM = 2.19 measured for silicon-compatible nonlinear slot waveguides is the highest value published.
Adaptive control scheme for maximum power point tracking of a photovoltaic system connected to the grid (2013)

An adaptive control scheme for maximum power point tracking of a single-phase single-stage photovoltaic system connected to the grid is presented. The maximum power point depends on temperature and solar irradiance, ambient conditions that are time-varying and difficult to measure. Two solutions are presented. Each solution derive an estimator that approximate three different parameters. These parameters are functions of solar irradiance and temperature. In this manner, we eliminate the necessity of climatic sensors. The first solution, uses an adaptive estimator that is able to estimate constant parameters, and the second one uses a sliding mode estimator that is capable of estimate time-varying parameters. A complete analysis was done taking into account the nonlinearities showed by the closed-loop system. The Lyapunov redesign technique was used to derive a controller that gives globally asymptotically stable trajectories of the closed-loop system. Computer simulations are presented to compare the performance of both estimators and also to show the good performance of the controller.
Angiotensin II type 2 receptor regulates ROMK-like K+channel activity in the renal cortical collecting duct during high dietary K+adaptation (2014)

The kidney adjusts K⁺ excretion to match intake in part by regulation of the activity of apical K⁺ secretory channels, including renal outer medullary K⁺ (ROMK)-like K⁺ channels, in the cortical collecting duct (CCD). ANG II inhibits ROMK channels via the ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) during dietary K⁺ restriction. Because AT1Rs and ANG II type 2 receptors (AT2Rs) generally function in an antagonistic manner, we sought to characterize the regulation of ROMK channels by the AT2R. Patch-clamp experiments revealed that ANG II increased ROMK channel activity in CCDs isolated from high-K⁺ (HK)-fed but not normal K⁺ (NK)-fed rats. This response was blocked by PD-123319, an AT2R antagonist, but not by losartan, an AT1R antagonist, and was mimicked by the AT2R agonist CGP-42112. Nitric oxide (NO) synthase is present in CCD cells that express ROMK channels. Blockade of NO synthase with N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and free NO with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt completely abolished ANG II-stimulated ROMK channel activity. NO enhances the synthesis of cGMP, which inhibits phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that normally degrade cAMP; cAMP increases ROMK channel activity. Pretreatment of CCDs with IBMX, a broad-spectrum PDE inhibitor, or cilostamide, a PDE3 inhibitor, abolished the stimulatory effect of ANG II on ROMK channels. Furthermore, PKA inhibitor peptide, but not an activator of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac), also prevented the stimulatory effect of ANG II. We conclude that ANG II acts at the AT2R to stimulate ROMK channel activity in CCDs from HK-fed rats, a response opposite to that mediated by the AT1R in dietary K⁺-restricted animals, via a NO/cGMP pathway linked to a cAMP-PKA pathway.
Amorphous diffusion barriers in Al-Si and Au-Si contacts (1986)

Coevaporated amorphous Co50Ta50 and Co50Mo50 alloys were investigated for applications as diffusion barriers in Al-Si and Au-Si metallization. The high-temperature stability of diffusion barriers has been found to be correlated with the thermodynamical driving forces for chemical reaction between the barrier constituents and their surroundings. Amorphous Co50Ta50 films react with Al overlayers at temperatures around 450 °C, much lower than the crystallization temperature. A TaAl3 layer interposed between the amorphous film and the Al overlayer provides an ideal scheme against degradation during high-temperature annealing. Amorphous Co50Mo50 alloys possess low mutual solubilities and unfavorable free energies for compound formation with Au; it thus remains intact and prevents the interaction between the Si substrate and an overlay Au film during thermal annealing at 550 °C. Degradation of the layered structure at localized points is observed and attributed to the presence of pinholes and other macroscopic defects in the amorphous film.
INDUSTRIAL HIGH ENERGY ELECTRON ACCELERATORS TYPE ILU (2008)

The report describes ILU type industrial electron accelerators. It describes their main parameters, design, principle of action, electron beam extraction devices, wide set of auxiliary equipment for various technological processes and ways of their usage.
Encapsulated vascular endothelial growth factor—secreting cell grafts have neuroprotective and angiogenic effects on focal cerebral ischemia (2005)

Continuous intracerebral administration of low-dose VEGF165 through encapsulated grafts of VEGF-producing cells produces neuroprotective and angiogenic effects. These effects improve subsequent motor function.
Gene Expression Profile Testing in Skin Cancer Prognosis: The Data is Clear – It’s Time to Get On Board (2020)

Abstract not available.
Optimized thermal amplification in a radiative transistor (2016)

The thermal performance of a far-field radiative transistor made up of a VO2 base in between a blackbody collector and a blackbody emitter is theoretically studied and optimized. This is done by using the grey approximation on the emissivity of VO2 and deriving analytical expressions for the involved heat fluxes and transistor amplification factor. It is shown that this amplification factor can be maximized by tuning the base temperature close to its critical one, which is determined by the temperature derivative of the VO2 emissivity and the equilibrium temperatures of the collector and emitter. This maximization is the result of the presence of two bi-stable temperatures appearing during the heating and cooling processes of the VO2 base and enables a thermal switching (temperature jump) characterized by a sizeable variation of the collector-to-base and base-to-emitter heat fluxes associated with a slight change of the applied power to the base. This switching effect leads to the optimization of the amplification factor and therefore it could be used for thermal modulation purposes.
The development of MK-801, kainate, AMPA, and muscimol binding sites in cat visual cortex (1995)

Previous work using homogenate binding has shown that the development of (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]-cyclohepten-5,10imin e maleate (MK-801) binding in cat visual cortex increases from 21 days to 42 days, the height of the plastic period, and decreases in adulthood. We have studied the generality of this finding by examining the development of NMDA binding sites in several brain regions and by examining the development of other binding sites in the visual cortex. After confirming the original finding, we extended it by showing that the sensitivity of MK-801 binding sites to glutamate and glycine decreases when the cat becomes an adult. We then examined the regional specificity of MK-801 binding. Retinal binding did not change significantly with age. Binding in both visual cortex and hippocampus increased significantly from 7 days to 42 days regardless of whether binding was measured per milligram wet weight or per milligram protein. The decline from 42 days to adulthood was less dramatic in the hippocampus than in the visual cortex and was statistically significant only when binding was measured per milligram protein. Saturation analyses also showed a difference in the two structures. Bmax in the visual cortex, but not in the hippocampus, decreased from 42 days to adulthood. To determine whether these developmental changes were specific to MK-801 binding sites, we compared the age-dependent binding of MK-801, kainate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), and muscimol. Like MK-801, kainate binding increased from 7 days to 42 days and decreased from 42 days to adulthood. AMPA and muscimol binding showed a similar increase in binding from 7 days to 42 days but did not decrease significantly from 42 days to adulthood. Displacement experiments suggest that AMPA and kainate bind to separate sites. The 42-day peak in NMDA and kainate binding suggests that their associated receptors may have a role in determining the plastic period of visual cortex.
Diesel Fuel by Scrap-Tyre Thermal-Mechanical Pyrolysis (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Current energy policies are encouraging the near-term use of fuels derived from civil and industrial waste residues, giving new perspectives for their disposal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The possibility of using, in Diesel engines, a liquid fuel derived from waste synthetic polymeric matrices, such as scrap tyres, is evaluated in this paper. The fuel is obtained by means of an innovative technology based on a thermo-mechanical cracking process at moderate temperatures and pressures.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A preliminary investigation was carried out on a 440 cm3 single-cylinder Diesel engine for stationary applications using a commercial automotive Diesel fuel (UNI-EN 590:2010) and two mixtures of automotive Diesel fuel and tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO): the first one containing 20% TPO by volume, the other containing 40% TPO. With the first mixture, test bench results in terms of engine torque, power, specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions are similar to the ones relative to automotive Diesel fuel, whereas the use of the mixture with 40% TPO leads to a general worsening in engine combustion features.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Lubricant oil analysis, made at the end of the tests, proves a certain level of lube oil dilution due to fuel leaking into the oil sump.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The toxicity levels of the exhaust particulate matter were analysed and result to be the same using automotive Diesel fuel and both the mixtures of Diesel fuel and TPO.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;No meaningful mechanical inconvenience occurred during the engine tests. Nevertheless, long-time reliability of the injection system, as well as of the entire engine, has to be verified.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Glucommander (2005)

This computer-directed algorithm is a simple, safe, effective, and robust method for maintaining glycemic control. It has been extensively studied and is applicable in a wide variety of conditions. In contrast to other published intravenous insulin protocols, which have been limited to intensive care units, Glucommander can be used in all units of any hospital.
Infection of L6E9 myoblasts with Trypanosoma cruzi alters adenylate cyclase activity and guanine nucleotide binding proteins (1987)

We studied the consequences of infection of L6E9 myoblasts with T. cruzi on the adenylate cyclase complex to test the hypothesis that infection alters the functional properties of the guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins, Ns and Ni. Stimulating activities of adenylate cyclase due to isoproterenol, isoproterenol plus Gpp(NH)p, or forskolin (activities mediated by Ns) are not altered by infection. However, inhibitory activities mediated by Ni [Gpp(NH)p, acetylcholine, and adenosine inhibition of forskolin-dependent adenylate cyclase activity] are compromised by infection. The reduction in adenosine's inhibition of forskolin-dependent adenylate cyclase activity is seen throughout the effective concentration range of adenosine. Pertussis toxin does not change basal or stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in infected cells compared with normal uninfected cells, nor does it alter the inhibiting action of adenosine. To evaluate the coupling proteins (Ns and Ni) involved in the stimulation and inhibition of adenylate cyclase more directly, cholera- and pertussis-toxin-dependent ADP ribosylation studies were performed. The incorporation of [32P]ADP ribose in the presence (specific) or absence (nonspecific) of the toxins was markedly decreased in membranes prepared from infected cells. However, in membranes prepared from infected or uninfected cells previously treated with pertussis toxin, there was a significant reduction in specific pertussis-toxin dependent ADP ribosylation. The infection-associated diminution in toxin-dependent ADP ribosylation complements the impaired inhibition of adenylate cyclase data. Collectively, the data further substantiate an infection-associated alteration in the adenylate cyclase complex, probably at the level of the guanine nucleotide binding proteins.
Deterministic Clustering with Data Nets (2004)

We consider the K-clustering problem with the ‘ 2 distortion measure, also known as the problem of optimal flxed-rate vector quantizer design. We provide a deterministic approximation algorithm which works for all dimensions d and which, given a set of size n, computes in time poly(K)(d=) O(d) nloglog n+(d=) O(Kd) a solution of distortion at most 1+ times optimal. The key tool is construction of a new kind of representation called a data net. A variety of applications of this object are discussed.
Repellent, Antifeedant, and Toxic Activities of <I>Lantana camara</I> Leaf Extract Against <I>Reticulitermes flavipes</I> (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (2012)

This study investigated biological activity of chloroform extract of dry Lantana camara 'Mozelle' leaves against the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), an important structural pest. Repellent activity was assessed using a paper-disc choice test and a sand arena choice test. Antifeedant and toxic properties were assessed using a no-choice paper test and a topical application method. In the choice tests, significantly fewer termites made contact with treated paper-discs at test concentrations > or = 0.016 mg/cm2 (equivalent to 0.0023 wt:wt) or tunneled into treated sand at test concentrations > or = 0.125 mg/g, compared with control. In the no-choice tests, termite feeding activity was significantly reduced and termite mortality was greatly increased in treatments than control. Exposure to filter paper treated at 0.212 and 0.106 mg/cm2 (equivalent to 0.03 and 0.015 wt:wt) resulted in > 90% mortality and 78% reduction in feeding, and approximately 52% mortality and 40% reduction in feeding, respectively. Top-dorsal application led to > 60% mortality at 4 microg/termite. This study showed that the chloroform leaf extract of L. camara had excellent repellent and moderate toxic and antifeedant activities.
The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Regulates Nitric Oxide-Mediated Apoptosis of Neurons Induced by Target Deprivation (2011)

Ablation of mouse occipital cortex induces precisely timed and uniform p53-modulated and Bax-dependent apoptosis of thalamocortical projection neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) by 7 d after lesion. We tested the hypothesis that this neuronal apoptosis is initiated by oxidative stress and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Preapoptotic LGN neurons accumulate mitochondria, Zn(2+) and Ca(2+), and generate higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide, nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite, than LGN neurons with an intact cortical target. Preapoptosis of LGN neurons is associated with increased formation of protein carbonyls, protein nitration, and protein S-nitrosylation. Genetic deletion of nitric oxide synthase 1 (nos1) and inhibition of NOS1 with nitroindazole protected LGN neurons from apoptosis, revealing NO as a mediator. Putative components of the mPTP are expressed in mouse LGN, including the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), and cyclophilin D (CyPD). Nitration of CyPD and ANT in LGN mitochondria occurs by 2 d after cortical injury. Chemical cross-linking showed that LGN neuron preapoptosis is associated with formation of CyPD and VDAC oligomers, consistent with mPTP formation. Mice without CyPD are rescued from neuron apoptosis as are mice treated with the mPTP inhibitors TRO-19622 (cholest-4-en-3-one oxime) and TAT-Bcl-X(L)-BH4. Manipulation of the mPTP markedly attenuated the early preapoptotic production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in target-deprived neurons. Our results demonstrate in adult mouse brain neurons that the mPTP functions to enhance ROS production and the mPTP and NO trigger apoptosis; thus, the mPTP is a target for neuroprotection in vivo.