gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A salty‐congruent odor enhances saltiness: Functional magnetic resonance imaging study (2011)

Excessive intake of dietary salt (sodium chloride) may increase the risk of chronic diseases. Accordingly, various strategies to reduce salt intake have been conducted. This study aimed to investigate whether a salty-congruent odor can enhance saltiness on the basis of psychophysical (Experiment 1) and neuroanatomical levels (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, after receiving one of six stimulus conditions: three odor conditions (odorless air, congruent, or incongruent odor) by two concentrations (low or high) of either salty or sweet taste solution, participants were asked to rate taste intensity and pleasantness. In Experiment 2, participants received the same stimuli during the functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. In Experiment 1, compared with an incongruent odor and/or odorless air, a congruent odor enhanced not only taste intensity but also either pleasantness of sweetness or unpleasantness of saltiness. In Experiment 2, a salty-congruent combination of odor and taste produced significantly higher neuronal activations in brain regions associated with odor-taste integration (e.g., insula, frontal operculum, anterior cingulate cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex) than an incongruent combination and/or odorless air with taste solution. In addition, the congruent odor-induced saltiness enhancement was more pronounced in the low-concentrated tastant than in the high-concentrated one. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the congruent odor-induced saltiness enhancement on the basis of psychophysical and neuroanatomical results. These findings support an alternative strategy to reduce excessive salt intake by adding salty-congruent aroma to sodium reduced food. However, there are open questions regarding the salty-congruent odor-induced taste unpleasantness.
Retrotransposon Alu is enriched in the epichromatin of HL-60 cells (2014)

Epichromatin, the surface of chromatin facing the nuclear envelope in an interphase nucleus, reveals a "rim" staining pattern with specific mouse monoclonal antibodies against histone H2A/H2B/DNA and phosphatidylserine epitopes. Employing a modified ChIP-Seq procedure on undifferentiated and differentiated human leukemic (HL-60/S4) cells,>95% of assembled epichromatin regions overlapped with Alu retrotransposons. They also exhibited enrichment of the AluS subfamily and of Alu oligomers. Furthermore, mapping epichromatin regions to the human chromosomes revealed highly similar localization patterns in the various cell states and with the different antibodies. Comparisons with available epigenetic databases suggested that epichromatin is neither "classical" heterochromatin nor highly expressing genes, implying another function at the surface of interphase chromatin. A modified chromatin immunoprecipitation procedure (xxChIP) was developed because the studied antibodies react generally with mononucleosomes and lysed chromatin. A second fixation is necessary to securely attach the antibodies to the epichromatin epitopes of the intact nucleus.
OPtimal TIming of antenatal COrticosteroid administration in pregnancies complicated by early-onset fetal growth REstriction (OPTICORE): study protocol of a multicentre, retrospective cohort study (2023)

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05606497.
Technical study of visible light wavelength division multiplexing using polymer optical fiber (2005)

Visible light wavelength division multiplexing (VWDM) experiment was performed using polymer optical fiber (POF). Lights of two different wavelengths (650 and 530 nm) were sent to a single POF. Red light (650 nm) was used for 100-Mb/s full duplex IP data transmission and green light (530 nm) was used for voice signal transmission. Light sources are light-emitting diodes (LEDs). A POF coupler (splitter) and the prisms were employed as multiplexer and demultiplexer, respectively. The channel isolation and insert loss were measured, which are 20.5 and 17.65 dB for 650-nm channel respectively, and 19.16 and 20.55 dB for 530 nm one respectively.
Films solidified from a lyotropic mesophase which retain the cholesteric structure (1987)

Abstract Solidified cholesteric films of α‐helical poly(γ‐methyl L ‐glutamate) and poly(γ‐benzyl L ‐glutamate) were prepared by casting from solutions of the lyotropic cholesteric mesophase. Colored films can be prepared in this manner, so the cholesteric structure is retained with a pitch corresponding to a visible wavelength. Their iridescent colors can cover the full range of the visible spectrum, and the colors remain unchanged for years. Although the films are similar in optical properties to those of fluid cholesteric phases, the temperature dependence of the color is quite different. On stretching, the film undergoes a permanent deformation, and the iridescent color is shifted toward the blue. If t 0 is the initial film thickness and Δ t is the change in thickness after stretching the film, the relative change in pitch, −Δ P/P 0 , of the cholesteric structure increases linearly with −Δ t/t 0 in the range −Δ t/t 0 &gt; 0.10. This reduction of the pitch is attributed to a decrease in the number of pseudonematic layers in the span of one pitch, which may be interpreted in terms of delamination using an angle‐ply model of the cholesteric structure.
Herpes simplex virus DNA in corneal transplants: Prospective study of 38 recipients (2003)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of the eye can induce epithelial and stromal keratitis and may also lead to postoperative endothelial failure in keratoplasty. Clinical symptoms and/or virus culture of corneal scrapings most frequently provide the basis for diagnosis of ocular HSV infection, and although HSV DNA has been shown to be present in the cornea, its role in success or failure of corneal grafts remains unclear. In this study, a PCR assay was used to detect HSV DNA in corneal buttons of 38 corneal graft recipients and in donor scleral remnants, retaining one-half of each sample for subsequent viral isolation. Recipients were followed up clinically for a period of 6 months after keratoplasty. All recipients but three were found to be HSV seropositive. Eight recipient corneal buttons contained detectable HSV DNA (7 HSV-1, 1 HSV-2, the latter case confirmed by viral culture). Two donor corneas were found positive for HSV-1 DNA, with negative cultures, and endothelial graft failure occurred in one of the matching recipients after 4 months. One recipient with no history of herpes contracted herpetic keratitis 4 months after keratoplasty, even though the corneal button and donor scleral remnants contained no detectable HSV DNA. The study confirms previous observations of HSV DNA in the corneal tissue of HSV seropositive patients apparently unrelated to any clinical manifestation of herpes infection. However, as demonstrated by culture, HSV remains infectious and may therefore induce donor-to-host infection in corneal recipients.
Mobile agents - enabling technology for active intelligent network implementation (1998)

The emerging notion of active networks describes the general vision of communication network evolution, where the network nodes become active because they take part in the computation of applications and provision of customized services. In this context mobile agent technology and programmable switches are considered as enabling technologies. This article looks at the impact of mobile agent technology on telecommunication service environments, influenced by the intelligent network (IN) architecture. The authors illustrate how the integration of mobile agent platforms into IN elements, notably into the IN switches, will realize an active IN environment. This enables telecom services implemented through mobile service agents on a per user basis to be instantly deployed at programmable switching nodes, which results in better performance and fault tolerance compared to traditional IN service implementations.
Does marijuana use play a role in the recreational use of sildenafil? (2007)

Illicit use of cannabis is a strong predictor of recreational sildenafil use among patients without erectile dysfunction.
Both APRIL and antibody-fragment-based CAR T cells for myeloma induce BCMA downmodulation by trogocytosis and internalization (2022)

Antitumor responses with APRIL-CAR T cells were fast but not sustained. Rapid BCMA downmodulation occurred independently of whether an APRIL or antibody-based binding moiety was used. BCMA internalization mostly contributed to this effect, but trogocytosis by CAR T cells was also observed. Our study sheds light on the mechanisms underlying CAR T cell failure in MM when targeting BCMA and can inform the development of improved treatment strategies.
Method for measurement of heart rate in awake, noninstrumented small mammals (1984)

A method is described that enables the researcher to determine the heart rate in awake, noninstrumented small animals by recording the electrocardiogram (ECG) via the paws. Single animals are placed in a cage that has metal plates built into its floor. Through switches any two plates can be connected with an ECG recorder whenever contact with at least one front and one hind paw is made. The heart rate is then determined by measuring the number of R waves per unit of time. In rats of 140 and 300 g body wt mean resting heart rates of 384 +/- 10 and 320 +/- 4 beats/min, respectively, have been measured with this method.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ULTRAHIGH-SPEED VITREOUS CUTTER SYSTEM (2013)

Ultra-high-speed vitreous cutters produce consistent vitreous and water flow rates across the tested range of cuts per minute and aspiration levels.
Social Policies in the World Bank (2007)

Social policies in the World Bank have evolved into three conceptually and operationally separate agendas: social welfare, social protection and social development. Welfare services and basic human needs, as well as social protection in the form of safety nets and social safeguards, together form the mainstay of what is generally regarded within the organization as constituting social policy. Social development reflects a broader if more fragmented view of social policy. Bank specialists have recently sought to widen the definition of social policy beyond welfare and protection, building upon longstanding academic discourse in this field. However, in attempting to pursue a more holistic and over-arching vision of social policy for development, they are likely to encounter major internal obstacles. Meeting this challenge will not be facilitated by the Bank reorganization announced in June 2006, which may serve to restrict the independence and remit of environmental and social specialists.
Characterization of Durum Wheat Semolina by Means of a Rapid Shear‐Based Method (2014)

ABSTRACT A rapid shear‐based test (the GlutoPeak test, recently proposed by Brabender) was used to investigate gluten aggregation properties of durum wheat semolina and to relate them to pasta cooking behavior. Thirty semolina samples were characterized by means of the conventional approaches used for pasta‐quality prediction (protein content, gluten index, and alveographic indices). All samples were also analyzed by the GlutoPeak test, obtaining three parameters: maximum peak torque, maximum peak time, and area under the peak. The GlutoPeak indices were significantly correlated with protein content, gluten index, and W alveographic parameter. The cooking quality of pasta obtained from the 30 semolina samples was evaluated by sensory analysis in terms of stickiness, bulkiness, firmness, and overall quality. The GlutoPeak indices were significantly correlated with the sensorial parameters. In comparison with the alveographic test, which is presently the most used rheological approach for semolina characterization, GlutoPeak analysis presents some advantages represented by a smaller amount of sample (9 g), a shorter time (less than 5 min), and the possibility that untrained analysts can carry it out. In addition, following testing with larger sample numbers, the GlutoPeak test has the potential to be used instead of the gluten index as a rapid and reliable approach for medium‐quality semolina characterization.
Clickable, photoreactive inhibitors to probe the active site microenvironment of fatty acid amide hydrolase (2011)

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an integral membrane enzyme that degrades the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) and several other bioactive lipid amides. The catalytic mechanism of FAAH has been largely elucidated, and structural models of the enzyme suggest that it may recruit its hydrophobic substrates directly from the lipid bilayer of the cell. Testing this hypothesis, however, requires new tools to explore FAAH-substrate interactions in native cell membranes. Here, we have addressed this problem by creating clickable, photoreactive inhibitors that probe the microenvironment surrounding the FAAH active site. We show that these probes can be used directly in cell membranes, where distinct crosslinked adducts are observed for inhibitors that are buried within versus exposed to the external environment of the FAAH active site.
Synthesis, Testing and Structure-Activity Studies on a Library of 5-HT4 Ligands (2010)

Several indole derivatives and analogues comprising a range of related structural classes were designed, synthesized and tested as ligands for the 5-HT₄ receptor. Within each series, binding experiments showed compounds with good affinity demonstrating high percentage displacement values at 1 µM. The most potent of these (20) had a pKi of 8.54 demonstrating very good affinity. These indole analogues were combined with 55 ligands that were previously produced in our laboratory to explore the structure-activity relationships of these 5-HT₄ ligands. A CoMFA (Comparative Molecular Field Analysis) analysis was used to extend an earlier simple pharmacophore to suggest two new molecular features beyond the primary amino binding site. The pharmacophore confirmed that a newly described tetrahydroquinoline analogue was able to match the basic requirements of the model and the pharmacology of this molecule is provided in more detail.
Assessment of Sliding Mode Observer in Sensorless Control of Switched Reluctance Motors (2019)

Several studies have proved that sensorless control methods can improve the overall robustness and costs of a drive while maintaining the desired performance. However, the general approach of these sensorless strategies involves flux estimation which is significantly affected by the uncertainties associated with the machine's terminal measurement errors and noise. In this paper, a simple robust sensorless control of Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) is described. The inherent robustness to parameter variations and measurement noise coupled with the high stability and simple computation of a Sliding Mode Observer (SMO) is utilized to eliminate the errors often involved in a flux-linkage based position estimation for the SRM. The proposed method is tested under different operating conditions. Results obtained show that it is reliable and less susceptible to errors and noise commonly found in sensorless control of SRM. The method was also found to handle the model uncertainties associated with the approximated model used for the estimation but with reduced performance at low speed.
Proceedings of the ACII Affective Vocal Bursts Workshop and Competition 2022 (A-VB): Understanding a critically understudied modality of emotional expression (2022)

This is the Proceedings of the ACII Affective Vocal Bursts Workshop and Competition (A-VB). A-VB was a workshop-based challenge that introduces the problem of understanding emotional expression in vocal bursts -- a wide range of non-verbal vocalizations that includes laughs, grunts, gasps, and much more. With affective states informing both mental and physical wellbeing, the core focus of the A-VB workshop was the broader discussion of current strategies in affective computing for modeling vocal emotional expression. Within this first iteration of the A-VB challenge, the participants were presented with four emotion-focused sub-challenges that utilize the large-scale and `in-the-wild' Hume-VB dataset. The dataset and the four sub-challenges draw attention to new innovations in emotion science as it pertains to vocal expression, addressing low- and high-dimensional theories of emotional expression, cultural variation, and `call types' (laugh, cry, sigh, etc.).
The developing application of antitrust laws to hospital mergers (1994)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes Associate, Cerussi & Spring, White Plains, New York. Address correspondence to Mr. Mudge at 11 Lake Street, Apt. 2L, White Plains, New York 10603. Professor of Medicine and Public Health, Cornell University Medical College; Adjunct Associate Professor of Law, Fordham University School of Law. Supported in part by a grant from the Jane M. Foster Foundation. Address correspondence to Dr. Gibofsky at The Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10021.
URC Scenarios and Requirements (1994)

This draft describes the place of the Uniform Resource Characteristic
(URC) service within the overall context of Uniform Resource
Identification on the Internet. It presents several scenarios
illustrating how the URC service might be used. From these usage
scenarios, we derive a set of requirements that any proposed URC
services must meet. Contents
Soft-Template Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO2 and ZnO Hollow Spheres (2009)

Zinc peroxide (ZnO2) hollow spheres of 100−200 nm diameter were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method by using H2O2 and ZnO powder as reagents without the assistance of any surfactant. O2 bubbles in situ generated by the decomposition of H2O2 served as a soft template in the formation of ZnO2 spheres. Zinc oxide (ZnO) hollow spheres were obtained by heat treatment of ZnO2 hollow spheres at 180 °C for 10 h in air. The products were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, HRTEM, and FESEM. The transition temperature of ZnO2 to ZnO was determined to be 229 °C by TG-DTA. Photoluminescence (PL) properties of the products were investigated and the origin of the two peaks at 392 and 448 nm in the PL spectrum of ZnO2 was discussed. Furthermore, the growth mechanism of the ZnO2 hollow spheres was discussed in detail.
Multi-objective evolution of machine learning workflows (2017)

In this paper we describe a multi-objective genetic programming algorithm which can be used to create complete machine learning workflows. The algorithm is an extension of a single-objective one. In a series of test on four datasets, we show that the additional objectives can be used to search for smaller or faster models. The algorithm is also in some cases much faster than the single-objective one while obtaining results of similar quality.
Controlling Weeds with Phytopathogenic Bacteria (1996)

Until recently, phytopathogenic bacteria have not been considered potential biological weed control candidates because they lack the ability to penetrate intact plants. This deficiency can be overcome by providing entry wounds or using surfactants. Spray application of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (5 × 10 8 cells/ml) in aqueous buffer with a surfactant produced severe disease in Canada thistle, common ragweed, Jerusalem artichoke, sunflower, and certain other members of the Compositae under field conditions. Spray application of the bacterium without surfactant was ineffective on all reported hosts. Xanthomonas campestris pv. poannua controlled annual bluegrass in bermudagrass golf greens when applied by spray during mowing. The bacterium entered through mowing injuries, causing lethal, systemic wilt. Application of the bacterium to annual bluegrass in the absence of fresh mowing injuries failed to produce symptoms. Under field conditions, this previously unknown pathovar's host range was limited to a single subspecies of annual bluegrass, but inundative application to freshly mowed turf resulted in infection of diverse annual bluegrass biotypes. In field trials, six monthly applications resulted in greater than 70% control. The preceding examples are among the first attempts to use foliar phytopathogenic bacteria for biological weed control. Efficacy of these bacterial bioherbicides and of future biocontrol strategies employing bacteria is dependent on facilitated host penetration.
Female type of adult acne: Physiological and psychological considerations and management (2018)

Today we see more cases of acne after adolescence, with a greater prevalence in females than males. Adult female acne has a distinct clinical presentation and is associated with a number of specific pathophysiological features and gender-specific triggers. The psychological impact of acne is generally significant and largely underestimated; stress during professional and private life, anxiety and sleep quality, in particular, have a reciprocal relationship with disease susceptibility and severity. It is essential to compare with males. Acne in females often causes greater distress in adults than in adolescents. The impact of disease may therefore be greater for female patients, triggering higher levels of psychosocial anguish and increasing the likelihood of sequelae such as skin picking and the risks of cutaneous superinfection, scarring and PIH and acne recurrence. The management of adult female acne should encompass not just medical treatment of the symptoms, but also a comprehensive, holistic approach to the patient as a whole, her individual lifestyle factors and the impact of acne on her quality of life. Future management of this disease should aim to improve patient adherence to therapy and to develop validated outcomes of treatment regarding overall skin appearance and quality of life.
Different site mutation of the K-ras gene in a patient with metachronous double lung cancers. (1994)

We present a case with metachronous double lung cancers proved by molecular analysis. A male patient first had lung cancer discovered when he was 67 years old, and a second lung cancer was found when he was 71 years old. Pathologically, the first cancer was moderately to well differentiated adenocarcinoma and the second cancer was well differentiated adenocarcinoma. These findings suggested that the second cancer was not metastasis from the first lung cancer but a second primary lung cancer. According to the PCR and oligonucleotide mutation specific dot blot hybridization, the first lung cancer had a GGT to GTT mutation, while the second lung cancer had a GGT to TGT mutation at codon 12 of the K-ras gene. These results thus prove that these tumors were metachronous double cancers.
Evaluation of the NO-releasing properties of NO-donor linkers (2008)

This work describes the synthesis of some benzoic (1-4) and alcoholic (5-7) nitrooxy derivatives, which are nitric oxide (NO) donors in themselves, and can also be seen as useful linkers that can be used in multi-target drugs capable of releasing NO. The NO-mediated vasorelaxing effects of the compounds were tested on endothelium-denuded isolated rat aortic rings pre-contracted with KCl. The pharmacological study of these compounds demonstrated that slight structural modification, such as the insertion of (a) methyl group(s) into the nitrooxymethyl chain or into the aromatic ring, and a change in the position of this nitrooxymethyl chain, could exert a marked (and potentially useful) influence on the NO releasing properties.