gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury in Europe: A Living Systematic Review (2015)

This systematic review provides a comprehensive, up-to-date summary of traumatic brain injury (TBI) epidemiology in Europe, describing incidence, mortality, age, and sex distribution, plus severity, mechanism of injury, and time trends. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched in January 2015 for observational, descriptive, English language studies reporting incidence, mortality, or case fatality of TBI in Europe. There were no limitations according to date, age, or TBI severity. Methodological quality was assessed using the Methodological Evaluation of Observational Research checklist. Data were presented narratively. Sixty-six studies were included in the review. Country-level data were provided in 22 studies, regional population or treatment center catchment area data were reported by 44 studies. Crude incidence rates varied widely. For all ages and TBI severities, crude incidence rates ranged from 47.3 per 100,000, to 694 per 100,000 population per year (country-level studies) and 83.3 per 100,000, to 849 per 100,000 population per year (regional-level studies). Crude mortality rates ranged from 9 to 28.10 per 100,000 population per year (country-level studies), and 3.3 to 24.4 per 100,000 population per year (regional-level studies.) The most common mechanisms of injury were traffic accidents and falls. Over time, the contribution of traffic accidents to total TBI events may be reducing. Case ascertainment and definitions of TBI are variable. Improved standardization would enable more accurate comparisons.
S2‐02‐02: Genetic risk factors of Alzheimer's disease and app metabolism (2015)

Abstract not available.
Real-Time Efficiency Monitoring for Wastewater Aeration Systems (2008)

Aeration is the most energy intensive unit operation in municipal wastewater treatment. To improve oxygen transfer rate, fine-pore diffusers have been wildly applied in aeration practice. However, during operation, this type of diffuser suffers from fouling and scaling problems, which cause a rapid decline in aeration performance and significant increase in energy consumption. Diffusers must be cleaned periodically to reduce energy costs. The cleaning frequency of diffusers is site-specific, and can be evaluated by oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) measurements over time in operation. Off-gas testing is the only technique that directly measures oxygen transfer efficiency in real-time. This paper presents a time-series of off-gas measurements which demonstrate the value of implementing energy-conservation practices. Our results include the real-time prediction of plant load and alpha factors from off-gas testing, as well as the quantification of the increased energy costs caused by fouling. Our off-gas analyzer can be used to develop an aeration efficiency monitoring protocols, and an aeration feedback control system for blowers.
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 5, Revision 3 (FGE.05Rev3): Branched‐ and straight‐chain unsaturated aldehydes, dienals, unsaturated and saturated carboxylic acids and related esters with saturated and unsaturated aliphatic alcohols and a phenylacetic acid related ester from chemical groups 1, 2, 3, 5 and 15 (2019)

The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) was requested to evaluate 54 flavouring substances attributed to the Flavouring Group Evaluation 05 (FGE.05), using the Procedure as referred to in the Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000. This Revision 3 includes 17 additional substances which have been cleared with respect to genotoxicity in FGE.200Rev1 ([FL-no: 02.192, 02.231, 05.072, 05.144, 05.184, 05.189, 05.190, 05.191, 05.195, 09.247, 09.400, 09.866, 09.948]) and in FGE.203Rev2 ([FL-no: 05.081, 05.186, 05.194, 05.196]). The substances were evaluated through a stepwise approach that integrates information on the structure-activity relationships, intake from current uses, toxicological threshold of concern (TTC), and available data on metabolism and toxicity. The Panel concluded that none of the 54 substances gives rise to safety concern at their levels of dietary intake, estimated on the basis of the 'Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intake' (MSDI) approach. Besides the safety assessment of the flavouring substances, the specifications for the materials of commerce have also been considered and found adequate, except for 10 substances ([FL-no: 08.072, 08.083, 08.101, 08.119, 08.120, 09.181, 09.329, 09.335, 09.379 and 09.637]) for which quantitative figures on the composition of stereoisomeric mixtures are missing and for [FL-no: 09.578] complete specifications should be provided. Normal and maximum use levels were not available for [FL-no: 08.072, 08.083, 08.101, 08.119, 08.120, 09.287, 09.326 and 09.578]. Except for flavouring substances [FL-no: 05.072, 05.081, 05.186, 05.194, 05.196, 09.934 and 09.942], more reliable intake data should be requested for all the 46 flavouring substances, for which use levels were submitted, as their modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI) exposure estimates are above the threshold of concern for structural classes I and II. This would include more reliable intake data and then, if required, additional toxicological data.
A Multi-function Error Detection Policy to Enhance Communication Integrity in Critical Embedded Systems (2014)

We present, in this paper, ongoing work that investigates a new error detection policy aiming at enhancing the system safety level particularly communication integrity in the presence of permanent errors (single and multiple). We consider critical embedded systems which are based on complex networks including active interstage nodes. This property increases the occurrence probability of permanent errors. The novelty of the proposed policy lies in the fact that unlike classical policies using a single error detection function, it is based rather on a set of different error detection functions. The different used functions must be complementary in terms of detection capability in order to increase the resultant error detection capability. Our reference application to illustrate the proposed concepts is the Flight Control System (FCS). However, our objective is also to apply the proposed approach to other application domains sharing similar features and characteristics.
<title>Automotive exhaust gas analysis by infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy</title> (1997)

Engine management optimization and waste exhaust-gas control require engine transients measurements. The infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy method can measure absolute molecule concentrations, gas temperature and pressure at high rate. The technique has been improved to measure NO or CO concentrations, as well as temperature and pressure of engine exhaust-gas. Measurements with a time resolution of one millisecond have been achieved in one of the cylinder exhaust pipe without any gas sampling.
Differential preventive activity of sulindac and atorvastatin in Apc+/Min-FCCCmice with or without colorectal adenomas (2017)

The tumour status of animals at treatment initiation dictates response to therapeutic intervention. Atorvastatin eliminated microadenomas in tumour-free mice. The tumour inhibition observed with Sul/Atorva in tumour-bearing mice was greater than that achieved with each agent.
Synthesis of 5-phenyl-10-methyl-7<i>H</i>- pyrimido[4,5-<i>f</i>][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-<i>a</i>][1,4]diazepine and its evaluation as an anticonvulsant agent (1999)

The homolytic benzoylation (benzoyl radical) of 5-tert-butylcarbonylaminopyrimidine (6, 1 equiv.) in the presence of benzaldehyde (3 equiv.), water, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid, upon treatment with FeSO4·7H2O (3 equiv.) and 70% t-BuOOH (3 equiv.) at 5-10°C for 10 min afforded a mixture of 4-benzoyl-5-tert-butylcarbonylaminopyrimidine (7, 23%), 4,6-dibenzoyl-5-tert-butylcarbonylaminopyrimidine (8, 44%), and 4-benzoyl-5-tert-butylcarbonylamino-6- methyl pyrimidine (9, 10%). When a similar reaction was performed using 1 equiv. each of PhCHO, FeSO4·7H2O, and t-BuOOH, to prevent formation of the 4,6-dibenzoyl product 8, the monobenzoyl (7, 38%) and 4-benzoyl-6-methyl (9, 6%) products were obtained. A similar homolytic benzoylation of 5-bromopyrimidine (10) using 1.5 equiv. of reagents to generate the benzoyl radical afforded 4-benzoyl-5-bromopyrimidine (11, 61%) as the predominant product. Elaboration of 11 via a six-step reaction sequence afforded 2-hydrazino-5-phenyl-3H-pyrimido[5,4-e][1,4]diazepine (17) in 5.2% overall yield. The acid-catalyzed reaction of 17 with triethyl orthoacetate gave the title compound 5-phenyl-10-methyl-7H-pyrimido[4,5-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine (18, 62%). The triazolo compound 18 was more potent than valproic acid (Depakene(r)) in both the subcutaneous metrazol (scMet) and maximal electroshock (MES) anticonvulsant screens, and more potent than clonazepam in the MES anticonvulsant screen but less potent than clonazepam in the scMet anticonvulsant screen.Key words: homolytic benzoylation, pyrimidines, pyrimidodiazepines, anticonvulsants.
Current reference for energy harvesting: 50um per side, At 70 nW, regulating to 125C (2014)

Suitable for ultra low power applications, including energy harvesting, the proposed current reference belongs to a resistor-free category of CMOS circuits that combines a PTAT signal dependent on V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> and CTAT signal dependent on MOSFET's μ to generate a relatively temperature and V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</inf> independent current source. The proposed topology delivers a 10 nA current reference that consumes under 70 nW of power operating with a V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> as low as 0.65V. At about 45um by 55um, it is 4 to 50 times smaller in size, compared to prior art current references in its category, and it has a temperature span that exceeds 125C versus about 80C limit for most of its comparable alternatives, according to Monte Carlo simulations. Higher temperature span is achieved by (1) Sensing the PTAT voltage and forcing the I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> at the gate and not the source of the reference current loop, (2) employing differential source followers to generate a larger PTAT voltage instead of prior art use of either asymmetric current mirrors or scaled self-cascode, and (3) using donut shaped equal W/L transistors to minimize drain size for less leakage current. Larger PTAT voltage helps desensitize I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> from offsets (due to V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</inf> and W/L mismatches associated with transistors in current mirror and loop amplifier). The proposed topology allows for elimination of asymmetric transistors and cascoded current mirrors in the I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> current loop. As a result, compact die size is realized, the impact of source-drain junction leakages is reduced substantially, and hot temperature span is extended. MC simulations, and analysis verifies that TC of about ± 350 ppm/C over a 150C temperature span is achievable, and VC of about ± 0.1% /V in 180nm standard digital CMOS.
Non-invasive evaluation of arterial stiffness in czech adultpopulation using the device VaSera 1500 (2009)

The paper deals with non-invasive evaluation of arterial
stiffness in czech adult population using the device VaSera
1500.
Optimal Association of Mobile Users to Multi-Access Edge Computing Resources (2018)

Multi-access edge computing (MEC) plays a key role in fifth-generation (5G) networks in bringing cloud functionalities at the edge of the radio access network, in close proximity to mobile users. In this paper we focus on mobile-edge computation offloading, a way to transfer heavy demanding, and latency-critical applications from mobile handsets to close-located MEC servers, in order to reduce latency and/or energy consumption. Our goal is to provide an optimal strategy to associate mobile users to access points (AP) and MEC hosts, while contextually optimizing the allocation of radio and computational resources to each user, with the objective of minimizing the overall user transmit power under latency constraints incorporating both communication and computation times. The overall problem is a mixed-binary problem. To overcome its inherent computational complexity, we propose two alternative strategies: i) a method based on successive convex approximation (SCA) techniques, proven to converge to local optimal solutions; ii) an approach hinging on matching theory, based on formulating the assignment problem as a matching game.
Tracking heart surface features to determine myocardial contrast agent enrichment (2021)

Abstract Fluorescent cardiac imaging can be applied for intraoperative quality control after a coronary bypass grafting surgery to ensure the myocardial perfusion by evaluating the increasing contrast agent enrichment in the heart. The motion due to the beating heart impedes the interpretation of the contrast agent enrichment in the vessels and leads to noisy enrichment curves. We propose tracking of the heart surface features to compensate for the motion of the beating heart and thereby improve the analysis of the contrast agent enrichment. Furthermore, we propose a vessel segmentation pipeline for a local evaluation of contrast agent enrichment directly in the vessels.
Regional myocardial perfusion reserve determined using myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance imaging showed a direct correlation with coronary flow velocity reserve by Doppler flow wire (2008)

The current results using Doppler flow wire as a reference method demonstrated that quantitative analysis of stress-rest myocardial perfusion MRI can provide a non-invasive assessment of reduced MPR in patients with CAD.
SPR-Measured Dissociation Kinetics of PROTAC Ternary\nComplexes Influence Target Degradation Rate (2019)

Bifunctional degrader\nmolecules, known as proteolysis-targeting\nchimeras (PROTACs), function by recruiting a target to an E3 ligase,\nforming a target/PROTAC/ligase ternary complex. Despite the importance\nof this key intermediate species, no detailed validation of a method\nto directly determine binding parameters for ternary complex kinetics\nhas been reported, and it remains to be addressed whether tuning the\nkinetics of PROTAC ternary complexes may be an effective strategy\nto improve the efficiency of targeted protein degradation. Here, we\ndevelop an SPR-based assay to quantify the stability of PROTAC-induced\nternary complexes by measuring for the first time the kinetics of\ntheir formation and dissociation &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; using purified\nproteins. We benchmark our assay using four PROTACs that target the\nbromodomains (BDs) of bromodomain and extraterminal domain proteins\nBrd2, Brd3, and Brd4 to the von Hippel–Lindau E3 ligase (VHL).\nWe reveal marked differences in ternary complex off-rates for different\nPROTACs that exhibit either positive or negative cooperativity for\nternary complex formation relative to binary binding. The positively\ncooperative degrader MZ1 forms comparatively stable and long-lived\nternary complexes with either Brd4&lt;sup&gt;BD2&lt;/sup&gt; or Brd2&lt;sup&gt;BD2&lt;/sup&gt; and VHL. Equivalent complexes with Brd3&lt;sup&gt;BD2&lt;/sup&gt; are destabilized\ndue to a single amino acid difference (Glu/Gly swap) present in the\nbromodomain. We observe that this difference in ternary complex dissociative\nhalf-life correlates to a greater initial rate of intracellular degradation\nof Brd2 and Brd4 relative to Brd3. These findings establish a novel\nassay to measure the kinetics of PROTAC ternary complexes and elucidate\nthe important kinetic parameters that drive effective target degradation.
Fabrication of an S-shaped microactuator (1997)

We have developed a new fabrication process for electrostatic actuators having an S-shaped film element, which we previously invented for such applications as gas valves. The developed process allows batch fabrication of the actuator whose S-shaped structure height, which is equal to the amount of vertical film displacement, is of the order of a few hundred micrometers. The microactuators are fabricated by stacking three wafers. The middle wafer contains the sputtered Ni film strip which is buckled into an S-shape during the stacking process. The length of film necessary for the S-bend profile has a folded structure which is stretched after stacking. The size of the fabricated chip was 5 mm/spl times/5 mm, and the vertical film displacement was 220 /spl mu/m. The actuator was operated by electrostatic force when the applied voltage was more than 70 V.
Global Social Media Directory. A Resource Guide (2015)

Social media platforms are internet-based applications focused on broadcasting user-generated content. While primarily web-based, these services are increasingly available on mobile platforms. Communities and individuals share information, photos, music, videos, provide commentary and ratings/reviews, and more. In essence, social media is about sharing information, consuming information, and repurposing content. Social media technologies identified in this report are centered on social networking services, media sharing, blogging and microblogging. The purpose of this Resource Guide is to provide baseline information about use and application of social media platforms around the globe. It is not intended to be comprehensive as social media evolves on an almost daily basis. The long-term goal of this work is to identify social media information about all geographic regions and nations. The primary objective is that of understanding the evolution and spread of social networking and user-generated content technologies internationally.
Mobile Local Macropayments: Security and Prototyping (2006)

An acceptable trade-off between security and usability is a mandatory design goal for any mobile payment system that wants to attract customers. Designers must also consider the organizational and technical problems that arise when trying to achieve interoperability. Indeed, one of the most challenging tasks in the near future is to develop flexible interoperable solutions and common standards. Future work focuses on these aspects along with a more formal treatment of the payment scheme's security and performance tests on XScale platforms and smart phones
Dynamic response optimization of the synthetic ripple modulator for a point-of-load converter with adaptive voltage positioning (2009)

Modern computation and communication integrated circuit are continually powered from a lower voltage with stringent static and dynamic limitations. The power supplies with hysteretic modulators exhibit superior dynamic performance and help reduce the number of output capacitors without sacrificing transient response. The synthetic ripple modulator (SRM) allows proper hysteretic operation even with a small and corrupted output voltage ripple. This paper discusses a dynamic optimization technique for the SRM, which enables the voltage regulator module (VRM) to get back within regulation in the least amount of time with minimum number of output capacitors. The design methodology and corresponding equations are derived and verified with a design example. Experimental validation on a 1.8 V/15 A module demonstrates the effectiveness of the technique with a maximum excursion time of 5 mus above the static regulation limits.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Geobacillus Species Strains, Isolated from Oil Wells and Surface Soil above Oil Pools (2016)

Here, we present the draft genome sequences of two Geobacillus species strains isolated from oil wells and surface soil above oil pools in Lithuania.
Modeling and Verifying Circuits Using Generalized Relative Timing (2005)

We propose a novel technique for modeling and verifying timed circuits based on the notion of generalized relative timing. Generalized relative timing constraints can express not just a relative ordering between events, but also some forms of metric timing constraints. Circuits modeled using generalized relative timing constraints are formally encoded as timed automata. Novel fully symbolic verification algorithms for timed automata are then used to either verify a temporal logic property or to check conformance against an untimed specification. The combination of our new modeling technique with fully symbolic verification methods enables us to verify larger circuits than has been possible with other approaches. We present case studies to demonstrate our approach, including a self-timed circuit used in the integer unit of the Intel/sup /spl reg// Pentium/sup /spl reg//4 processor.
A simple set of validation steps identifies and removes false results in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay caused by anti-animal IgG antibodies in plasma from arthritis patients (2013)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) are chronic diseases characterized by activation of the immune system and production of antibodies. Thus, rheumatoid factor, anti-animal IgG antibodies and heterophilic antibodies in plasma samples from arthritis patients can interfere with immunoassays such as sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems often used in arthritis research. However, standard methodologies on how to test for false results caused by these antibodies are lacking. The objective of this study was to design a simple set of steps to validate a sandwich ELISA before using it for measuring analytes in plasma from arthritis patients. An interleukin-24 (IL-24) sandwich ELISA system was prepared with a monoclonal mouse capture antibody and a polyclonal goat detection antibody and tested for interference by rheumatoid factor, anti-animal IgG antibodies and heterophilic antibodies. Plasma samples from 23 patients with RA and SpA were used. No differences were found between plasma samples measured in wells coated with anti-IL-24 specific antibody and in wells coated with isotype control antibody (false positive results), and recombinant human IL-24 was not recovered in spiked samples (false negative results). This interference was removed after preincubating the plasma samples from patients with arthritis with goat or bovine IgG, suggesting that anti-animal IgG antibodies found in the plasma of the arthritis patients caused the false results. Additional testing showed that the signal-to-noise ratio could be increased by titration of the capture and detection antibodies and by using the ELAST amplification system. Finally, the calculated concentration of IL-24 was increased in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma compared to heparin plasma and serum and decreased with repetitive freeze/thaw cycles of the samples illustrating how sample handling could additionally contribute to the variations reported by different laboratories in measurement of the same analyte. This study proposes a simple set of validation steps to evaluate and optimize a sandwich ELISA before using it for measuring analytes in plasma from arthritis patients. Anti-animal IgG antibodies are also present in healthy individuals, suggesting that validation of ELISA systems for measuring non-arthritis samples could also be improved by this simple set of validation steps.