gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow Inspection Router Assignment (FIRA) in Access/Aggregation Network Clouds (2012)

Sufficient computing resources available at future generation routers in the access/aggregation networks can be pooled to form a cloud at edge, which we call Access/Aggregation Network Cloud (or ANC). An ANC can be used to handle some of the information processing conventionally done inside the enterprise networks. ANC computing can also result in a much less delay and more flexibility than if such information processing is done centrally in a data center in the core. In this paper, we formulate two representative optimization problems related to Flow Inspection Router Assignment (FIRA) in ANCs. Their objectives are to minimize the (weighted) number of flows that still need to be inspected inside the enterprise network when only some flows can be assigned to the ANC due to the additional flow inspection delay in the ANC, and when all the flows can be assigned to the ANC, to minimize the additional flow inspection delay, respectively. We prove the NP-hardness of these two new problems, study their performance bounds and propose efficient heuristics. We further extend the formulation and solution to support multicast flows. Simulation shows that our heuristic algorithms can perform close to their performance bounds, implying their near optimality and the tightness of the bounds. In addition, simulation also demonstrates how inspection computing resources can be reduced for multicast flows.
Radical Chemistry of Iminepyridine Ligands (2011)

Abstract The reactivity of metal fragments MeLi(THF), Me 2 Mg, Me 2 Zn and Me 3 Al with a variety of imine/pyridine ligands was studied by DFT methods. Ligands having at least two such groups in conjugation very effectively accept an electron from a metal–carbon bonding orbital and thus assist alkyl dissociation: the M–Me dissociation free energy Δ G d decreases by about 45 kcal/mol for the Li, Mg and Zn fragments, and by 60–70 kcal/mol for Me 3 Al. Paths for transfer of an alkyl group to the ligands were also explored. Paths for transfer to ligand carbon atoms were found to have high barriers, and such transfers are instead proposed to proceed via initial M–Me dissociation. Direct alkyl transfer to ligand nitrogen atoms is somewhat easier, and for the most electropositive metal Li such a transfer might compete with radical chemistry. For Dimpy, the most stable products are the C3 and C4 alkylation ones. However, the observed regioselectivity of alkyl transfer (often to N py or C2) does not correlate with product stability and is likely to be a complicated function of radical stability, steric factors and unpaired electron density distribution. The results illustrate that Dimpy and related ligands should be considered strong, reversible oxidants.
Methodology for recovery of chemically treated Staphylococcus aureus with neutralizing medium (1983)

Recovery results of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 treated with phenolics and quaternary ammonium compounds on Dey and Engley (D/E) neutralizing medium at various time intervals were compared by the use of two commonly used media. Two recovery processes were utilized. In one, the chemically treated organisms were plated directly onto an agar medium. In the other, the aliquot was first put in broth and then was plated with agar. By either process, the numbers and the time period for recovery of organism were greater on D/E medium.
Antifungal activities of hop bitter resins and related compounds. Part II. Antifungal activities of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacylophenones and related compounds. (1985)

The antifungal activities of sixty two 2, 4, 6-trihydroxyacylophenones and related compounds against Trichophyton spp. and other fungi were investigated to study their structure-activity relationship. It was found that the activities of these compounds were closely related to the length of the acyl and alkyl chains attached to the 1, 3, 5-trihydroxybenzene moiety. Among the compounds tested, 2, 4, 6-trihydroxy-3-nonylaeetophenone (V-7) showed the highest activity against Trichophyton spp., with MICs being 1.57μg/ml, and was more active than amphotericin B.
Evaluation of Safety‐Related Outcomes of One‐Segment and More‐Than‐One‐Segment High‐Level Hepatectomy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on the Japanese Board Certification System (2022)

After establishment of the JBCSES, postoperative complication rates and mortality rates decreased and survival rates increased following liver surgery. Expert surgeon participation significantly decreased intraoperative blood loss during OSeg hepatectomies.
An effective route to fluorine containing asymmetric α‐aminophosphonates using chiral Bronsted acid catalyst (2008)

Asymmetric addition of dialkyl phosphites (--CH2CH3, --CH2CH2CH3, --CH(CH3)2, --CH2(CH2)3CH3, --CH2CH2OCH3 and --CH2CH2OC2H5) induced by chiral organocatalyst e.g. (R)- and (S)-3,3'-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]2-1,1'-binaphthyl phosphate on fluorinated aldimines derived from cinnamaldehyde has been found effective to give new bioactive alpha-aminophosphonates in good yields (58-73%) and high enantiomeric excess (64.6%-90.6%) under mild conditions.
Evidence for increased SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 severity related to pre-existing immunity to seasonal coronaviruses (2021)

The importance of pre-existing immune responses to seasonal endemic coronaviruses (HCoVs) for the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the course of COVID-19 is the subject of an ongoing scientific debate. Recent studies postulate that immune responses to previous HCoV infections can either have a slightly protective or no effect on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and, consequently, be neglected for COVID-19 risk stratification. Challenging this notion, we provide evidence that pre-existing, anti-nucleocapsid antibodies against endemic α-coronaviruses and S2 domain-specific anti-spike antibodies against β-coronavirus HCoV-OC43 are elevated in patients with COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic donors. This finding is particularly pronounced in males and in critically ill patients. Longitudinal evaluation reveals that antibody cross-reactivity or polyclonal stimulation by SARS-CoV-2 infection are unlikely to be confounders. Thus, specific pre-existing immunity to seasonal coronaviruses may increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and predispose individuals to an adverse COVID-19 outcome, guiding risk management and supporting the development of universal coronavirus vaccines.
Protein Engineering Using Molecular Assembly:  Functional Conversion of Cytochrome c via Noncovalent Interactions (1997)

The structure−function relationship of cytochrome c (Cyt-c) interacted with the lipid bilayer membranes was studied by various spectroscopic methods, the reaction−products analysis, and its kinetics. Ultrafiltration binding assay, UV−visible, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies showed that Cyt-c was tightly bound to the lipid bilayer membranes bearing a phosphate head group. The anisotropic and nonnatural complexation with the phosphate−lipid membranes caused a spin-state change of the heme in the active center of Cyt-c. Depending on the membrane fluidity, two classes of the structurally altered Cyt-c were prepared and they showed the greatly enhanced N-demethylase activity. Products analysis by HPLC demonstrated that the lipid membrane bound Cyt-c performs a clean enzymatic reaction similar to native hemoenzymes. Kinetics studies established that there are two different activation manners via the phosphate lipid bilayer membranes: namely, simple enhancement of the affinity for H2O2, or the increased catalytic efficiency (kcat) in addition to the enhanced affinity for H2O2. The membrane fluidity again significantly affected the N-demethylation kinetics. A potential of the lipid membrane assembly to functionalize native proteins and enzymes with noncovalent but specific interactions is also discussed.
Theoretical Study of Thermally Stable Large-Coupling Lithium Niobate SH0 Plate Wave Resonator (2021)

The thermal stabilization techniques for the fundamental (SH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> ) Plate acoustic wave (PAW) resonators based on LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> are theoretically investigated in this paper. The SH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> mode offers an ultra-large coupling coefficient (k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) at a certain crystal cut angle and normalized plate thickness, but its poor temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) hinders its application in RF systems and needs further improvement urgently. By adding SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> with positive TCF to the LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> plate, a robust temperature compensation approach can be achieved for the SH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> resonators on LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> /SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> bilayer and SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> /SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> sandwiched structures. The propagation characteristics of the SH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> wave propagating in the layered medium are carefully investigated. Despite the trade-off between TCF and k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> /SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> structure provides large k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and near-zero TCF for wider thickness combinations. Furthermore, the periodic structure dispersion of the simplest zero-TCF stack is provided and the critical threshold IDT thickness is given.
Development of immortalized human cerebromicrovascular endothelial cell line as an in vitro model of the human blood–brain barrier (1997)

The objective of this study was to generate an immortal cell line representative of specialized human brain microvascular endothelia forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo. Human capillary and microvascular endothelial cells (HCEC) were transfected with the plasmid pSV3-neo coding for the SV40 large T antigen and the neomycin gene. The neomycin-resistant transfected cells overcame proliferative senescence, and after a 6-8 wk period of crisis produced immortalization-competent cell colonies. Single-cell clones of near-diploid genotype were isolated from these colonies, propagated, and characterized. Immortalized HCEC (SV-HCEC) exhibited accelerated proliferation rates, but remained serum and anchorage dependent and retained the characteristic cobblestone morphology at confluence. SV-HCEC displayed a stable nuclear expression of SV40 large T antigen, lacked the invasiveness of transformed cells, and maintained major phenotypic properties of early passage control cells including expression of factor VIII-related antigen, uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein, binding of fluorescently labeled lectins, expression of transferrin receptor and transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis, and high activities of the BBB-specific enzymes alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The diffusion of radiolabeled sucrose across SV-HCEC monolayers was fivefold lower than that observed with human lung microvascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, media conditioned by fetal human astrocytes increased the transendothelial electrical resistance of SV-HCEC monolayers by 2.5-fold. Therefore, this newly established human cell line expressing the specialized phenotype of BBB endothelium may serve as a readily available in vitro model for studying the properties of the human BBB.
High Frequency, High Gradient Dielectric Wakefield Acceleration Experiments at SLAC and BNL (2010)

Given the recent success of >GV/m dielectric wakefield accelerator (DWA) breakdown experiments at SLAC, and follow‐on coherent Cerenkov radiation (CCR) production at the UCLA Neptune, a UCLA‐USC‐SLAC collaboration is now implementing a new set of experiments that explore various DWA scenarios. These experiments are motivated by the opportunities presented by the approval of the FACET facility at SLAC, as well as unique pulse‐train wakefield drivers at BNL. The SLAC experiments permit further exploration of the multi‐GeV/m envelope in DWAs, and will entail investigations of novel materials (e.g. CVD diamond) and geometries (Bragg cylindrical structures, slab‐symmetric DWAs), and have an over‐riding goal of demonstrating >GeV acceleration in ∼33 cm DWA tubes. In the nearer term before FACET’s commissioning, we are performing measurements at the BNL ATF, in which we drive ∼50–200 MV/m fields with single pulses or pulse trains, and observe resonantly driven CCR as well as deflection modes. These experiments are of high relevance to enhancing linear collider DWA designs, as they will demonstrate potential for high efficiency operation with pulse trains, and explore transverse modes for the first time.
Security of Facial Forensics Models Against Adversarial Attacks (2019)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been used in digital forensics to identify fake facial images. We investigated several DNN-based forgery forensics models (FFMs) to examine whether they are secure against adversarial attacks. We experimentally demonstrated the existence of individual adversarial perturbations (IAPs) and universal adversarial perturbations (UAPs) that can lead a well-performed FFM to misbehave. Based on iterative procedure, gradient information is used to generate two kinds of IAPs that can be used to fabricate classification and segmentation outputs. In contrast, UAPs are generated on the basis of over-firing. We designed a new objective function that encourages neurons to over-fire, which makes UAP generation feasible even without using training data. Experiments demonstrated the transferability of UAPs across unseen datasets and unseen FFMs. Moreover, we conducted subjective assessment for imperceptibility of the adversarial perturbations, revealing that the crafted UAPs are visually negligible. These findings provide a baseline for evaluating the adversarial security of FFMs.
Comparison of multiple ecogenomics methods for determining ecosystem function in uranium-contaminated environments (2007)

Background: Bioremediation may offer the only feasiblestrategy for the nearly intractable problem of metal and radionuclidecontamination of soil and groundwater. To understand bioremediation incontaminated environments, it is critical to determine the organismspresent in these environments, analyze their responses to stressconditions, and elucidate functional position in the environment.Methods: We used multiple molecular techniques on both sediment andgroundwater to develop a better understanding of the functionalcapability and stress level within the microbial community inrelationship to over one hundred geochemical parameters. Due to the lowpH (3.5-4.5) and high contaminant levels (e.g., uranium) microbialdensities and activities were low. We used a phage polymeraseamplification system to construct large and small insert DNA libraries,performed metagenome sequencing, constructed clonal libraries of selectfunctional genes (SSU rRNA gene, nirK, nirS, amoA, pmoA, and dsrAB), useda SSU rDNA Phylochip microarray (9,000 taxa), and a functional gene array(23K genes). A complete comparison for community differences andsimilarities between the different techniques was assessed using severalbioinformatics techniques. Results: SSU rDNA analysis revealed thepresence of distinct bacterial phyla, including proteobacteria,acidobacteria, and planctomycetes along the contaminant gradient.Metagenome analysis identified many of the same organisms, and diversitywas lower in water than sediment. Analysis with functional gene arrays,phylochip, and specific probes for genes and organisms involved inbiogeochemical cycling of C, N, and S, metal resistance, stress response,and contaminant degradation suggested that the dominant species could bebiostimulated during in situ uranium reduction. Several other findings ofdifference and similarities between methods are presented. Conclusion:These systems biology field studies could be enabling for strategies toattenuate nletal and radionuclide contamination.
Predicting the clonogenic survival of A549 cells after modulated x-ray irradiation using the linear quadratic model (2008)

In this study we present two prediction methods, mean dose and summed dose, for predicting the number of A549 cells that will survive after modulated x-ray irradiation. The prediction methods incorporate the dose profile from the modulated x-ray fluence map applied across the cell sample and the linear quadratic (LQ) model. We investigated the clonogenic survival of A549 cells when irradiated using two different modulated x-ray fluence maps. Differences between the measured and predicted surviving fraction were observed for modulated x-ray irradiation. When the x-ray fluence map produced a steep dose gradient across the sample, fewer cells survived in the unirradiated region than expected. When the x-ray fluence map produced a less steep dose gradient across the sample, more cells survived in the unirradiated region than expected. Regardless of the steepness of the dose gradient, more cells survived in the irradiated region than expected for the reference dose range of 1-10 Gy. The change in the cell survival for the unirradiated regions of the two different dose gradients may be an important factor to consider when predicting the number of cells that will survive at the edge of modulated x-ray fields. This investigation provides an improved method of predicting cell survival for modulated x-ray radiation treatment. It highlights the limitations of the LQ model, particularly in its ability to describe the biological response of cells irradiated under these conditions.
Cell proliferation stimulating factors in the supernatant of embryos and adult muscles of chickens of the same strain. (1976)

Stimulating factors of cell proliferation were extracted from the supernatant of embryos and adult muscles of chickens of the same strain. The stimulating activity and physicochemical properties of these factors were altered after embryological development. The embryonic factors were about 3.5 times more effective than the muscular factors. These factors might be useful in analysis of the regulatory mechanisms of cell proliferation.
Signification biologique des rétrovirus endogènes humains (2001)

Depuis le premier isolement moleculaire d'un retrovirus endogene humain (HERV) en 1981, l'evolution des techniques de biologie moleculaire, l'avancement du programme genome humain et le developpement d'outils bio-informatiques ont permis de caracteriser vingt-deux familles retrovirales. Les membres de chacune de ces familles sont defectifs pour la replication. Neanmoins, la persistance de certains cadres ouverts de lecture et l'abondance des sequences de regulation (LTR) dans notre genome soulevent la question de la signification biologique des HERV. Les modalites de leur expression sont explicitees, en particulier dans le placenta et dans des lignees cellulaires tumorales, ainsi que l'influence de facteurs cellulaires et environnementaux induisant leur reexpression. Sur le plan physiologique, les proteines HERV pourraient contribuer a la differenciation cellulaire, la modulation de l'immunite et la resistance aux infections. Ainsi la glycoproteine fusogenique Env HERV-W pourrait contribuer a la formation du syncytiotrophoblaste placentaire. De plus, les LTR peuvent moduler le tropisme d'expression de genes cellulaires adjacents, tel le gene de l'amylase salivaire. La contribution des HERV en tant qu'effecteur ou marqueur de pathologies demeure mal comprise. L'expression de la famille HERV-K semble principalement associee a des tumeurs des cellules germinales. La co-detection de l'expression des familles HERV-W et RTVL-H dans la sclerose en plaques illustre la complexite de la regulation de l'expression des HERV dans les maladies auto-immunes. Les mecanismes par lesquels les HERV pourraient contribuer a des pathologies sont decrits, tels que la rupture de tolerance et l'immunosuppression. Enfin, les consequences possibles de l'expression de ces retrovirus chez l'homme et les autres especes animales sont discutees au regard de therapies telles la xenotransplantation et la therapie genique.
Measurements of Fractional Wettability of Oil Fields Rocks by the Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Method (1956)

IntroductionThe wettability of reservoir rocks is recognized as one of the major factors that determines their multiphase flow properties. Multiphase flow properties in turn govern reservoir performance. For this reason, the reservoir engineer is vitally interested in the wettability of reservoir rock. The production research scientist is interested in wettability because the solution of the problem of improving water flood recovery by use of surface-active additives may hinge on a detailed understanding of the wettability of reservoir rock.Early workers believed that all reservoir rocks were preferentially water wet. Continued study soon uncovered certain rocks which had flow properties that indicated that they were preferentially oil wet. Recent studies show that there is a spectrum of wettability. Some reservoir rocks have multiphase flow properties which indicate that they have an intermediate wettability. The differences in recovery observed among different reservoirs may, in part, be the result of small differences in wettability.Differences in wettability among reservoir rocks may be the result of differences in the friction of the total surface area that is preferentially oil wet and preferentially water wet. Nuclear magnetic relaxation measurements provide a method for determining the fraction of preferentially oil wet and preferentially water wet area in porous media. Measurements to be reported here were made on water saturated unconsolidated sand packs which were mixtures of preferentially oil wet and preferentially water wet sands. The resulting data show definitely that the fraction of each wettability in the sand pack can be determined by this nondestructive method of measurement.