gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal Testing Of New Crop Growth Model (2011)

The crop growth is highly dependent on growth conditions which are varying from year to year and cannot be known in the very beginning of the growing season. In order to optimize the fertilizer dose according to the growth circumstances it is it is necessary to provide the nutrients for the growth of the crop in separate events. To make this kind of fertilizer adjustment feasible it is necessary to have information on the recent crop growth and a crop growth model which can be used to estimate the amount of nutrients for optimal growth.
Antisense inhibition of R-cognin expression modulates differentiation of retinal neurons in vitro. (1997)

These results confirm the cell recognition role of R-cognin and suggest that it is important in intracellular signaling cascades necessary for normal retina development.
Expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) receptors and selective effect of TNF alpha on the inner cell mass in mouse blastocysts. (1994)

The presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) receptors was demonstrated at the cell surface of mouse blastocysts by indirect immunofluorescence. Amplification of total cDNA from these embryos indicated that only the p60 form of the TNF alpha receptor was expressed. Amplification of the p80 form remained negative. Blastocysts were cultured with 0.5, 5.0, or 50 ng/ml TNF alpha and examined for their morphology and cell proliferation rate. Doses of 5.0 and 50 ng/ml delayed the morphological development after 24 h, but this effect was no longer detected after 48 h. Overall cell proliferation was decreased by 15% with 50 ng/ml TNF alpha after 24 h and with all three concentrations after 48 h. Differential staining of the two embryonic cell lineages revealed that the reduction in cell number was at the expense of the inner cell mass, the cell group responsible for forming the fetal layers after implantation. This inhibition was not mediated by cytotoxicity, as the proportion of dead ICM cells remained low in the presence of TNF alpha. Our data indicate that the expression of TNF alpha receptors is developmentally regulated before implantation, and that preimplantation embryos are responsive to TNF alpha.
A 10-μm Two-Stage Inlet for Sampling Indoor Aerosols (1985)

An inlet for sampling indoor aerosols has been developed. It has a outpoint of 10 ± 0.5 μm aerodynamic diameter and a penetration curve slope of 1.51. The unit is designed to operate at a flow rate of 240 L/min. Tests in a wind tunnel at speeds Of 1, 2 and 4 km/h showed there to be no substantial variation of cutpoint with wind speed. In tests with 9.7-μm particles at wind speed of 2 km/h, the sampler orientation was varied to simulate air stream angles of attack. For the sampler axis at −10°, 0° and +10° from the vertical direction, the range of penetration values was only from 51.2 and 53.9%. Other tests, in which the flow rate was varied from 216 to 264 L/min, showed the performance of the inlet was not appreciably affected. Re-entrainment or bounce of solid particles is not of consequence. The difference in penetration of 20-μm aerodynamic diameter glass beads and liquid aerosol is less than 2% at 2 km/h. Collection filters were examined for uniformity of deposits associated with the sampling of 10.2-μm particles. The pooled standard deviation of three test filters with 10 subsamples from each test filter was only 1.8% of the mean of the deposits.
Mineral‐related proteins of sea urchin teeth: Lytechinus variegatus (2002)

Sea urchins have a set of five continuously growing teeth, each of which has a very complex structure. The mineral phase is calcite of varying Mg content, depending on the location within a tooth. The calcium carbonate is present in amorphous, plate-like and rod-like forms. It has been hypothesized that the mineral deposition is a matrix-mediated process, similar to that in vertebrate bone and tooth, wherein certain macromolecules within the organic matrix of the mineralized tissue play an important role in nucleating and controlling the growth habit of the mineral crystals. It has also been hypothesized that the mineral-related macromolecules involved in urchin teeth might bear a direct evolutionary relationship to those of the vertebrate tooth. These hypotheses are explored here by examining the pattern and nature of the mineral distribution, using microCT of intact teeth, and the nature of the mineral-related matrix proteins. The mineral-related proteins were extracted and fractionated by anion exchange chromatography. The relationship of certain fractions to vertebrate matrix proteins was established by immunoblots using antibodies to vertebrate tooth proteins. The antibodies were then used to localize the proteins within the teeth, by immunocytochemistry and histology with specific staining. The microCT data on mineral density has been correlated with the patterns of cellular migration and mineral deposition within the tooth as it grows. It appears that the mineralization within the different tooth compartments might take place under the influence of different matrix proteins. Further studies are in progress to more completely describe the vertebrate-invertebrate immunologically cross-reactive proteins of the urchin teeth.
Purification and Proteomic Analysis of Plant Plasma Membranes (2008)

All techniques needed for proteomic analyses of plant plasma membranes are described in detail, from isolation of plasma membranes to protein identification by mass spectrometry (MS). Plasma membranes are isolated by aqueous two-phase partitioning yielding vesicles with a cytoplasmic side-in orientation and a purity of about 95%. These vesicles are turned inside-out by treatment with Brij 58, which removes soluble contaminating proteins enclosed in the vesicles as well as loosely attached proteins. The final plasma membrane preparation thus retains all integral proteins and many peripheral proteins. Proteins are separated by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and protein bands are excised and digested with trypsin. Peptides in tryptic digests are separated by nanoflow liquid chromatography and either fed directly into an ESI-MS or spotted onto matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) plates for analysis with MALDI-MS. Finally, data processing and database searching are used for protein identification to define a plasma membrane proteome.
Supplementary Figure from Genetic Subtyping and Phenotypic Characterization of the Immune Microenvironment and MYC/BCL2 Double Expression Reveal Heterogeneity in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Genetic Subtyping and Phenotypic Characterization of the Immune Microenvironment and MYC/BCL2 Double Expression Reveal Heterogeneity in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
A study of polymer melt flow instabilities in extrusion (1971)

Abstract An experimental study is carried out to elucidate the melt fracture mechanism. For the study, the electrical outputs of the melt pressure transducers, mounted on the wall of a circular tube, are recorded on a Sanborn recording system. It has been observed from this study that the wall pressures start to fluctuate prior to the inception of visible melt fracture. The frequency and amplitude of the excursion signals are increased as the shear rate is increased up to and beyond the critical value. This behavior has been observed for three polymer samples tested: polystyrene, high density polyethylene, and low density polyethylene. The fluctuations of wall pressures are interpreted as due to an irregular flow of polymer melts at the tube wall. It is further investigated to find the effects of the die entry angle of a capillary, and capillary length‐to‐diameter ratio on the critical shear rate. A correlation between exit pressure and shear stress has been found for polystyrene and low density polyethylene. It is found that at and above the critical stress, the exist pressure increases abruptly. This is interpreted to be a sudden change in the elastic properties of the materials above melt fracture since Han et al have shown that the exist pressure is a measure of the elastic properties.
Zebrafish models for human FKRP muscular dystrophies (2009)

Various muscular dystrophies are associated with the defective glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan and are known to result from mutations in genes encoding glycosyltransferases. Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) was identified as a homolog of fukutin, the defective protein in Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), that is thought to function as a glycosyltransferase. Mutations in FKRP have been linked to a variety of phenotypes including Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS), limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) 2I and congenital muscular dystrophy 1C (MDC1C). Zebrafish are a useful animal model to reveal the mechanism of these diseases caused by mutations in FKRP gene. Downregulating FKRP expression in zebrafish by two different morpholinos resulted in embryos which had developmental defects similar to those observed in human muscular dystrophies associated with mutations in FKRP. The FKRP morphants showed phenotypes involving alterations in somitic structure and muscle fiber organization, as well as defects in developing eye morphology. Additionally, they were found to have a reduction in alpha-dystroglycan glycosylation and a shortened myofiber length. Moreover, co-injection of fish or human FKRP mRNA along with the morpholino restored normal development, alpha-dystroglycan glycosylation and laminin binding activity of alpha-dystroglycan in the morphants. Co-injection of the human FKRP mRNA containing causative mutations found in human patients of WWS, MDC1C and LGMD2I could not restore their phenotypes significantly. Interestingly, these morphant fish having human FKRP mutations showed a wide phenotypic range similar to that seen in humans.
Optical fiber sensors for monitoring ingress of moisture in structural concrete (2006)

Fiber optic-based humidity sensors, fabricated using fiber Bragg gratings coated with moisture sensitive polymer, are employed in detecting and monitoring the movement of moisture through standardized cubes made from samples of different types of structural concrete. Data obtained can give information on the properties of different types of concrete and thus on the migration of dissolved salts, e.g., sodium chloride, which is important in view of their deleterious effects on reinforcement bars within concrete. To undertake the research, two such optical fiber sensors were placed at varying distances from the edge of the cube face to the inner part of the concrete sample and subjected to a constant head of water at a constant temperature. The optical fiber sensors reacted to the ingress of water by detecting the moisture migrating through the sample, indicated by a shift in the Bragg wavelength of the sensor.
Multipair Massive MIMO Relaying Systems With One-Bit ADC<roman>s</roman> and DAC<roman>s</roman> (2018)

This paper considers a multipair amplify-and-forward massive multipair multiple-input multiple-output relaying system with one-bit analog-to-digital converters and one-bit digital-to-analog converters at the relay. The channel state information is estimated via pilot training, and then utilized by the relay to perform simple maximum-ratio combining/maximum-ratio transmission processing. Leveraging on the Bussgang decomposition, an exact achievable rate is derived for the system with correlated quantization noise. Based on this, a closed-form asymptotic approximation for the achievable rate is presented, thereby enabling efficient evaluation of the impact of key parameters on the system performance. Furthermore, power scaling laws are characterized to study the potential energy efficiency associated with deploying massive one-bit antenna arrays at the relay. In addition, a power allocation strategy is designed to compensate for the rate degradation caused by the coarse quantization. Our results suggest that the quality of the channel estimates depends on the specific orthogonal pilot sequences that are used, contrary to unquantized systems where any set of orthogonal pilot sequences gives the same result. Moreover, the sum rate gap between the double-quantized relay system and an ideal nonquantized system is a moderate factor of 4/π <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in the low power regime.
Natamycin Production by Streptomyces gilvosporeus Based on Statistical Optimization (2008)

Natamycin has been widely used as a natural preservative to prevent mold contamination in food. In this study, statistically based experimental designs were employed for the optimization of medium components for natamycin production by Streptomyces gilvosporeus. After glucose, yeast extract, and soy peptone were screened as suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, a full factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of various factors on natamycin production. Glucose and pH were identified as having significant effects (with confidence level >90%). Glucose concentration and initial pH were subsequently optimized by use of a central composite design. The result indicated that glucose and pH had a significant interactive effect on natamycin production. The optimal glucose concentration and initial pH value were 38.2 g/L and 7.8, respectively. This optimization strategy led to a natamycin yield of 2.45 g/L, which was nearly 90% higher than that in the original medium.
Human cytomegalovirus pp71: A new viral tool to probe the mechanisms of cell cycle progression and oncogenesis controlled by the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressors (2004)

The DNA tumor virus oncogenes (adenovirus E1A, simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen, and papillomavirus E7) have been instrumental in illuminating the molecules and mechanisms of cell cycle progression and carcinogenesis. However, since these multifunctional proteins target so many important cellular regulators, it is sometimes difficult to establish the functional importance of any individual interaction. Perhaps a herpesvirus protein, newly defined as a cell cycle regulator, can help address these issues. Like the DNA tumor virus proteins, the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pp71 protein contains a retinoblastoma protein (Rb) binding motif (LxCxD), and stimulates DNA synthesis in quiescent cells. Unlike E1A, T antigen, and E7, pp71 expression does not induce apoptosis, nor does it cooperate to transform primary cells. Determining how pp71 induces cell cycle progression without invoking apoptosis or leading to cellular transformation may help in defining the signals that ultimately lead to these processes.
Co-supported tandem catalysts for production of linear low density polyethylene (2017)

A phenoxy-imine titanium trimerization catalyst and a silylene linked cyclopentadienyl-amido titanium polymn.&#13;\ncatalyst are co-immobilized on methylaluminoxane/silica particles to create a tandem catalytic system to generate linear low d. polyethylene (LLDPE) from an ethylene only feed. The 1-hexene incorporation into the polymer can be controlled by varying the ethylene pressure.
iNODE in-vivo testing for selective vagus nerve recording and stimulation (2015)

Hypertension is a wide spread disease and despite pharmacological treatment some patients cannot obtain any relief from medication. In previous work, we could show that blood pressure can be reduced by Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) almost free from side effects. In this work, we focus on the implementation of a miniaturized system using a modified embedded sensor/actuator device iNODE for vagus nerve recording and stimulation. The results illustrate that this device, using a 3.3 V power supply, 58.9 mW while stimulating, 7.8 mW while recording, is capable of reducing the blood pressure, showing equivalent results to major laboratory equipment.
Analysis of Tumor Vascularity Using Three-Dimensional Power Doppler Ultrasound Images (2008)

Tumor vascularity is an important factor that has been shown to correlate with tumor malignancy and was demonstrated as a prognostic indicator for a wide range of cancers. Three-dimensional (3-D) power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) offers a convenient tool for investigators to inspect the signals of blood flow and vascular structures in breast cancer. In this paper, a new computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for quantifying Doppler ultrasound images based on 3-D thinning algorithm and neural network is proposed. We extracted the skeleton of blood vessels from 3-D PDUS data to facilitate the capturing of morphological changes. Nine features including vessel-to-volume ratio, number of vascular trees, length of vessels, number of branching, mean of radius, number of cycles, and three tortuosity measures, were extracted from the thinning result. Benign and malignant tumors can therefore be differentiated by a score computed by a multilayered perceptron (MLP) neural network using these features as parameters. The proposed system was tested on 221 breast tumors, including 110 benign and 111 malignant lesions. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 88.69% (196/221), 91.89% (102/111), 85.45% (94/110), 86.44% (102/118), and 91.26% (94/103), respectively. The Az value of the ROC curve was 0.94. The results demonstrate a correlation between the morphology of blood vessels and tumor malignancy, indicating that the newly proposed method can retrieves a high accuracy in the classification of benign and malignant breast tumors.
Inside Cover: X‐ray Photolysis To Release Ligands from Caged Reagents by an Intramolecular Antenna Sensitive to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41/2011) (2011)

Remote-controlled molecular probes allow the release of compounds in media inaccessible for nonintrusive methods. In their Communication on page 9708 ff., P. I. Dalko and co-workers show that these probes can be monitored by magnetic resonance imaging techniques and are activated by X-ray or γ light. This method overcomes a current limitation in permitting the use of photolysis as an experimental tool in otherwise inaccessible materials that are not penetrated by light.
Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Non-Native Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Shanghai (2015)

CC59 was the most common clonal complex among patients with SSTIs in Shanghai. The other most common sequence types were ST7 and Livestock ST398. The molecular epidemiology of S. aureus isolated from non-native patients was quite different from those from native patients. S. aureus isolated from non-native patients was more likely to carry lukS/F-PV.
Shallow As dose measurements of patterned wafers with secondary ion mass spectrometry and low energy electron induced x-ray emission spectroscopy (2010)

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and low energy electron induced x-ray emission spectroscopy (LEXES) are both well established technologies. SIMS tools are the ultimate reference for depth profiling and direct measurement of dopants with highest sensitivity and dynamic range. The LEXES-based shallow probe is a versatile, sensitive, in-line metrology tool for thin layer elemental composition and dopant dosimetry in semiconductor production. In this contribution, the ability of LEXES and SIMS techniques to differentiate nominal dose differences among three different 300mm patterned wafers are compared. In each die, several test pads were available for dose measurements. Five neighboring dies were measured by LEXES and afterward by SIMS. The repeatability measurements of both techniques (&amp;lt;0.5%) is suitable to determine dose nonuniformity from die to die and to discriminate nominal dose between wafers as small as 3%.
Altered branched-chain α-keto acid metabolism is a feature of NAFLD in individuals with severe obesity (2022)

ABSTRACT Hepatic de novo lipogenesis is influenced by the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) kinase (BCKDK). We aimed to determine whether circulating levels of the immediate substrates of BCKDH, the branched-chain α-ketoacids (BCKAs) and hepatic BCKDK expression are associated with the presence and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Eighty metabolites (3 BCKA, 14 amino acids, 43 acylcarnitines, 20 ceramides) were quantified in plasma from 288 bariatric surgery patients with severe obesity (BMI &gt; 35 kg/m 2 ) with scored liver biopsy samples. Metabolite principal component analysis (PCA) factors, BCKA, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), and the BCKA:BCAA ratio were tested for associations with steatosis grade and presence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Of all analytes tested, only the valine-derived BCKA, α-ketoisovalerate, and the BCKA:BCAA ratio were associated with both steatosis grade and NASH. Gene expression analysis in liver samples from two independent bariatric surgery cohorts showed that hepatic BCKDK mRNA expression correlates with steatosis, ballooning, and levels of the lipogenic transcription factor SREBP1 . Experiments in AML12 hepatocytes showed that SREBP1 inhibition lowers BCKDK mRNA expression. These findings demonstrate that higher plasma levels of BCKA and hepatic expression of BCKDK are features of human NAFLD/NASH and identify SREBP1 as a transcriptional regulator of BCKDK .
A discrete firing event analysis of the adaptive cluster expansion network (1996)

This paper describes how a hierarchical network for encoding sensor data (the adaptive cluster expansion network) can be constructed by linking together a number of elementary modules, each of which is a simple two-layer encoder/decoder network. To achieve this goal, a Bayesian analysis is applied to the discrete neural firing events that occur within each layer of the network.* This paper was presented at the Workshop on Information Theory and the Brain, held at the University of Stirling, UK, on 4–5 September 1995.
Origin of High Dielectric Properties of NM‐Sized Barium Titanate Crystallites (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedures Results and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements
Inhibitors of the heme oxygenase – carbon monoxide system: on the doorstep of the clinic? (2008)

The past decade has seen substantial developments in our understanding of the physiology, pathology, and pharmacology of heme oxygenases (HO), to the point that investigators in the field are beginning to contemplate therapies based on administration of HO agonists or HO inhibitors. A significant amount of our current knowledge is based on the judicious application of metalloporphyrin inhibitors of HO, despite their limitations of selectivity. Recently, imidazole-based compounds have been identified as potent and more selective HO inhibitors. This 'next generation' of HO inhibitors offers a number of desirable characteristics, including isozyme selectivity, negligible effects on HO protein expression, and physicochemical properties favourable for in vivo distribution. Some of the applications of HO inhibitors that have been suggested are treatment of hyperbilirubinemia, neurodegenerative disorders, certain types of cancer, and bacterial and fungal infections. In this review, we address various approaches to altering HO activity with a focus on the potential applications of second-generation inhibitors of HO.