gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression Patterns in Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Depots in Rats are Linked to Their Morphologic Features (2009)

The aim was to characterize the expression pattern of genes involved in lipid metabolism in internal (retroperitoneal, mesenteric) and subcutaneous (inguinal) adipose tissue depots in rats and their relation with site-specific morphological- and metabolic-features. Gene expression by RT-qPCR, western blot and morphometric analyses were performed. Lipogenesis-related genes (PPARgamma2, SREBP1c, ACC1, GPAT, LPL, CD36, GLUT4) showed higher mRNA levels in the retroperitoneal depot versus the mesenteric and the inguinal depots; the expression of PPARgamma;2, ACC1, CD36, and GLUT4 in the mesenteric depot was also higher than in the inguinal depot. HKII was similarly expressed in the retroperitoneal and mesenteric depots and higher than in the inguinal one. The expression of lipolysis-related genes (HSL, ATGL) was higher in the retroperitoneal than in the mesenteric and inguinal depots, while the expression of fatty-acid oxidation-related genes (PPARalpha, CPT1) was lower in the retroperitoneal depot compared with the mesenteric and the inguinal depots. Thus, a higher expression of lipogenesis- and lipolysis-related genes and lower expression of fatty-acid oxidation-related genes in internal depots (particularly in the retroperitoneal, which also presents the largest adipocyte size) can explain its higher triacylglyceride turnover rates and hence account for the differential behavior of fat depots in physiological situations and its involvement in obesity-linked metabolic disorders.
ChemInform Abstract: A Persistent Corrosion‐Protective Film Formed on Iron in Acid Solutions with Triethylbismuthine. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Investigating Applicability of Complex Modulus and Creep Compliance Interconversion in Asphalt Concrete (2014)

Abstract Creep compliance, relaxation, and complex modulus are fundamental rheological properties used to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt concrete mixtures. These response functions can be determined either through the frequency domain test known as the complex modulus test (E*) or from time domain tests such as those for the creep compliance D(t) and relaxation modulus E(t). Theoretically speaking, all these functions should be transferred through mathematical interconversion techniques. In order to check the applicability of these mathematical methods to actual test data, complex modulus and static creep tests were carried out in this research on specimens with various volumetric properties. Sign-controlled Prony series representation was fitted to the actual experimental data. The data were then interconverted from frequency domain to time domain via the application of interconversion techniques. It was found that the functions resulting from interconversion methods were not necessarily in agreement with the test results. Differences in the nature of the test domain and specimen-to-specimen differences resulted in discrepancies between the relaxation modulus determined from the complex modulus and that from the static creep test. Finally, the combined error technique was applied to available data in order to minimize the existing deviation.
External beam irradiation of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization complicating age-related macular degeneration: one-year results of a prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial. (2001)

At 1-year follow-up, low-dose external beam irradiation at 14 Gy in 7 fractions of 2 Gy is neither beneficial nor harmful for subfoveal CNV complicating ARMD.
Inhibition of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by apolipoprotein E4 in PC12 cells (2006)

We examined the effect of the three human isoforms of apolipoprotein E (ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4) on the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in undifferentiated PC12 cells. Addition of recombinant ApoE4 reduced Wingless-Int7a-stimulated gene expression at concentrations of 80 and 500 nm. Recombinant ApoE2 and ApoE3 were virtually inactive. Recombinant ApoE4 also inhibited Wnt signaling when combined with very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) or in cells over-expressing the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, LRP6. In contrast, the enforced expression of LRP5 unmasked an inhibition by ApoE2 and ApoE3, which, however, were less effective than ApoE4 in inhibiting Wnt signaling. We also transfected PC12 cells with constructs encoding for the three human ApoE isoforms to examine whether endogenously expressed ApoE isoforms could modulate the Wnt pathway. Under these conditions, all three ApoE isoforms were able to inhibit Wnt signaling, although ApoE4 showed the greatest efficacy. Only the conditioned medium collected from cultures transfected with ApoE4 induced a significant inhibition of Wnt7a-stimulated gene expression, confirming that ApoE4 has an extracellular action that is not shared by the other ApoE isoforms. We conclude that ApoE4 behaves as an inhibitor of the canonical Wnt pathway in a context-independent manner.
3D Reproduction of Oil Painting Based on UV Ink-Jet Technology (2015)

The goal of this experiment is to use UV ink as the modeling material to reproduce oil paintings with colorful three-dimensional features. The scanned picture of oil painting stored in bitmap format was sent into a software program that provided stratification processing. The layers were printed on paper or canvas using 3D print technology in the UV-LED ink-jet printer, with a sequence of positive and reverse outputs, and two output methods consisting of a combination of multilayer white ink with a layer of colored ink, and a combination of a layer of colored ink with multilayer transparent ink. The results indicated that replicating oil paintings with fine three-dimensional details and vivid color effects could be realized when the layers after stratification were printed out using a reverse sequence of multilayer white ink and colored ink. Therefore, UV ink-jet technology can successfully realize the reproduction of oil paintings with colorful three-dimensional features.
Influence of Tacrolimus Metabolism Rate on Kidney Graft Survival (2018)

Collaborative Transplant Study. Introduction For clinical routine, a low ratio between tacrolimus trough level and daily tacrolimus dosage (metabolism rate) was suggested as a useful parameter for identification of patients with an increased risk of inferior kidney function after transplantation. Using the data from the Collaborative Transplant Study (CTS) we evaluated the clinical usefulness of the metabolism rate and analyzed whether it identifies all patients with an increased risk of graft loss due to low tacrolimus exposure. Materials and Methods More than 10,000 adult patients who received a deceased donor kidney transplant between 2000 and 2015 and who had a functioning graft >1 years and known tacrolimus dosage and trough level at year 1 were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier-Method for graft survival during the post-transplant years 2–5. The findings were confirmed by multivariate Cox-regression analysis. Results Analysis of graft survival demonstrated that a tacrolimus trough level of <5 ng/ml at 1 year post-transplant was significantly associated with inferior graft survival during post-transplant years 2 to 5. An inferior outcome was also observed in patients with a high daily tacrolimus dosage of ≥0.12 mg/day/kg. Considering these cut-offs, particularly poor graft survival was found in the group of patients with the lowest metabolism rate (low trough level despite a high dose; hazard rate (HR) 2.95, P<0.001) (Figure 1). The univariate analysis of the metabolism rate revealed that a value of 50 mg*day/ml is a suitable cut-off for poor graft survival. However, even in patients with a poor metabolism rate of <50, a sufficient trough level resulted in good graft survival (Figure 2a). Conversely, patients with a good metabolism rate of ≥50 showed inferior graft survival if the trough level was <5 ng/ml (Figure 2b).Discussion Because both the trough level as well as the dosage were known for all patients, an unintended under- or overdosing of tacrolimus could be excluded. Patients with a very low tacrolimus metabolism rate had a high risk of graft loss; however, they made up only 1.5% of the study population. Patients with a below-average metabolism rate can either have a low trough level and normal dosage (15% of all patients) or a medium trough level and high dosage (13%). Only the first of these two groups showed a significantly worse graft survival (HR=1.39, P<0.001). Importantly, the risk of graft failure increased by more than 50% in patients with a good renal function (creatinine of <130 μmol/L, no rejection treatment) if the 5 ng/ml trough level was not achieved (HR=1.52, P=0.006). Conclusion The CTS data indicate that regardless of the tacrolimus metabolism rate, good results are obtained only with a tacrolimus trough level of ≥5 ng/ml.
Effective Strategies for Crystalline Silica Exposure Monitoring and Control in Hydraulic Fracturing (2013)

Abstract Accounts of occupational respiratory illness associated with the inhalation of rock dust date from antiquity, and thus the condition known as silicosis is among the oldest known occupational illnesses. Respirable crystalline silica is, and has been, an enforcement priority for OSHA for several years. The current ACGIH TLV (the recommended exposure limit) is roughly one fourth of the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit, and many regulators believe the current legal exposure limits do not offer adequate worker protection. There are some technical challenges to monitoring worker exposure for respirable crystalline silica. These technical issues can lead to flawed exposure evaluation and risk assessment, and thus put employers at risk. Options will be presented to supplement traditional NIOSH and OSHA exposure monitoring methodology and exposure data analysis and provide common sense approaches to dust control that can reduce exposure. There are several techniques that allow gathering more silica exposure data in less time and with less expense. These techniques can provide larger, more representative data sets at lower cost, and enhance employers’ abilities to assess and manage silica exposure at their sites. The recent OSHA/NIOSH Hazard Alert on excessive silica exposure during oil and gas well stimulation using hydraulic fracturing has put employers on notice that they are responsible for managing this recognized workplace hazard. Employers who can produce records of proactive, robust exposure monitoring programs are rarely targeted for intensive regulatory field in-spections.
Dietary Management of Moderate Malnutrition: Time for a Change (2009)

Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) are set for healthy individuals living in clean environments. There are no generally accepted RNIs for those with moderate malnutrition, wasting, and stunting, who live in poor environments. Two sets of recommendations are made for the dietary intake of 30 essential nutrients in children with moderate malnutrition who require accelerated growth to regain normality: first, for those moderately malnourished children who will receive specially formulated foods and diets; and second, for those who are to take mixtures of locally available foods over a longer term to treat or prevent moderate stunting and wasting. Because of the change in definition of severe malnutrition, much of the older literature is pertinent to the moderately wasted or stunted child. A factorial approach has been used in deriving the recommendations for both functional, protective nutrients (type I) and growth nutrients (type II).
d-Glucose Isomerization with PAMAM Dendrimers as Environmentally Friendly Catalysts (2021)

The isomerization of d-glucose to d-fructose plays a key role in the biochemical and chemical conversion of biomass, and it is therefore desirable to develop and improve catalysts for this reaction. In this study, the environmentally friendly polymer poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer's properties as catalysts for this isomerization are investigated. The experimental results showed that the PAMAM dendrimers, which have basic terminal groups, can effectively promote the d-glucose isomerization reaction. Under the optimized reaction conditions, d-fructose was generated with a 20% maximum yield and above 90% selectivity. <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>2</sup>H isotope experiments by NMR were carried out to explore the reaction mechanism. When the reaction was performed in D<sub>2</sub>O, the C1 signal of d-fructose changed to a triplet, which confirmed that the C1 carbon binds to a deuterium atom, i.e., isotopic exchange. It was also found that the deuterium atom at the C2 position of d-glucose-2-d<sub>1</sub> cannot transfer to d-fructose. These data indicate that PAMAM dendrimers catalyze d-glucose isomerization through a mechanism, which includes deprotonation, formation of ene-diol intermediate, and proton exchange with the solvent.
Noxious mechanosensation – molecules and circuits (2011)

Drugs that block mechanically-evoked pain would be useful for many common pain conditions, but appropriate drug development targets have yet to be defined. There is increasing evidence that both peripheral sensory neuron wiring patterns as well as the expression of transducing molecules are important for modality specific pain sensations. Progress in identifying the cell types, candidate transducing molecules and wiring patterns involved in mechanosensation has been dramatic over the past few years. Here we focus on potential mechano-transducing channels, and the relevant cell types and wiring patterns that provide clues for new analgesic drug development strategies.
LA LYSE DES CELLULES IS 339/NRK PAR LE PARVOVIRUS MINUTE VIRUS OF MICE EST MODULEE PAR LEUR ETAT DE TRANSFORMATION : EFFET D'UN ONCOGENE v-src THERMOSENSIBLE (1989)

Bien que le rle biologique
Spectral-luminescent properties of Bi- and Bi –Yb- doped phosphate-based glasses. (2008)

The spectral-luminescent properties of Bi-doped boro -alumino-phosphate glass in 0.4-1.6 mm range with the especial emphasis on the investigations of emission excitation spectra, luminescence rise and decay kinetics were carried out.
Optical properties of 1 by 16 highly sensitive InP/InGaAs heterojunction phototransistor arrays (2006)

We present the optical properties of a gain enhanced, highly sensitive, InP/InGaAs, heterojunction phototransistor (HPT) 1 by 16 array with two terminal configurations for near IR light detection. To increase optical gain and responsivity, the HPT's epitaxial layer structure was optimized as the collector doping reduced and the collector thickness increased. By placing the absorber in the collector depletion region of an HPT, the photogenerated current is electrically amplified, giving the device gain. The device exhibited significant optical responsivity of 280 A/W which is significantly higher than that of reported HPTs and conventional PIN photodetectors with the same light absorbing area. Although this device shows high optical gain and responsivity, the optical cut-off frequency of the HPT was measured to be 6.1 GHz, which is enough speed for most optical applications.
Material proposal for 2D indium oxide (2021)

Realization of semiconductor materials at the two-dimensional (2D) limit can elicit exceptional and diversified performance exercising transformative influence on modern technology. We report experimental evidence for the formation of conceptually new 2D indium oxide (InO) and its material characteristics. The formation of 2D InO was harvested through targeted intercalation of indium (In) atoms and deposition kinetics at graphene/SiC interface using a robust metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process. A distinct structural configuration of two sub-layers of In atoms in “atop” positions was imaged by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The bonding of oxygen atoms to indium atoms was indicated using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). A wide bandgap energy measuring a value of 4.1 eV was estimated by conductive atomic force microscopy measurements (C-AFM) for the 2D InO.
Controlled Microwave Heating in Modern Organic Synthesis (2004)

Although fire is now rarely used in synthetic chemistry, it was not until Robert Bunsen invented the burner in 1855 that the energy from this heat source could be applied to a reaction vessel in a focused manner. The Bunsen burner was later superseded by the isomantle, oil bath, or hot plate as a source for applying heat to a chemical reaction. In the past few years, heating and driving chemical reactions by microwave energy has been an increasingly popular theme in the scientific community. This nonclassical heating technique is slowly moving from a laboratory curiosity to an established technique that is heavily used in both academia and industry. The efficiency of "microwave flash heating" in dramatically reducing reaction times (from days and hours to minutes and seconds) is just one of the many advantages. This Review highlights recent applications of controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis, and discusses some of the underlying phenomena and issues involved.
'Advancement of KHPS to DOE TRL 7/8' Project - Final Technical Report (2016)

Final Report describing activities performed under the 'Advancement of the KHPS to DOE TRL 7/8' project, including the development of critical component test protocols, testing and analysis of the Gen5 KHPS main shaft seal, and continuing compliance work on approved operational environmental monitoring plans in anticipation of KHPS turbine installation at Verdant Power's Roosevelt Island Tidal Energy (RITE) Project site in New York, NY.
Comparative Study of Some Fiber-Optic Remote Raman Probe Designs. Part I: Model for Liquids and Transparent Solids (1996)

We have developed models describing the sensitivity and sampling volume of various remote fiber-optic Raman probes—single-fiber, lensed, dual-fiber beveled-tip, dual-fiber flat-tipped, and multi-fiber flat-tipped. The models assume clear samples and incorporate radii, separation, bevel angle, and numerical aperture of the fibers; overlap geometry of illumination and excitation light cones; and refractive index of immersion medium. For the Raman spectra of solid samples in air, single-fiber and lensed probes are predicted to yield the highest Raman signal. Beveled probes should provide greater Raman signal strength than do flat-tipped probes because beveled probes can collect light from a restricted volume closer to the probe end. Although multiple collection fibers improve Raman signal strength, progressively distant concentric fiber rings contribute less and sample material further from the probe.
Incorporating production concerns in conceptual product design (2000)

This paper presents a set of analytical tools that can be used to alter a product's design, manufacturing processes and assembly techniques to increase production rate. The analytical tools obtain these improvements by simultaneously considering each part's geometric attributes and complexity, vendor selection, material and process selection, and capacity planning at the conceptual stage of the product realization process. The method detects and then avoids heavily used resources by indicating which combination of one or more of its components' geometric attributes, manufacturing processes, material and assembly methods should be altered. The method is illustrated with the analysis of an overhead projector. It is shown that production rate can be doubled by either making small changes to a component's geometric attributes or by selecting different manufacturing processes. Neither of these changes affects the functionality of the product.
AlxGa1−xAs/AlyGa1−yAs and GaAs pseudo-heterojunction bipolar transistors with lateral emitter resistor (1993)

Both AlxGa1−xAs/AlyGa1−yAs and GaAs pseudo-heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with lateral emitter resistors (laterally extended emitter ledge) are shown to exhibit base current ideality factors of 1.3 and 1.1, and uniform current gains of 10 and 5, respectively, even at current densities as low as 5×10−11 A/μm2. With this test structure, it is possible to separate the surface effects from the bulk effects. The structures investigated also allowed the confirmation that the emitter edge-thinning reported recently is very effective for reducing the surface recombination. The structures under investigation also show that GaAs HBTs can operate at collector currents in the microampere range or below.
Six-Phase Double-Stator Inner-Rotor Axial Flux PM Machines With Novel Detached Winding (2017)

This paper proposes a novel detached winding configuration for asymmetric six-phase double-stator axial flux permanent magnet machines aiming at fault-tolerant applications. Due to the machine unique double-stator structure, the six-phase winding can be separated into two three-phase windings with 30 electrical degree angle shift and arranged in different stators, which is the basic idea of the detached winding. In this paper, the connection of detached six-phase winding is first given, followed by a comprehensive comparison of the conventional six-phase winding and the detached winding in aspect such as the winding factor, electromotive force, inductances, rotor eddy current loss, and torque in normal condition. Performance under fault-tolerant operation is investigated by the copper loss minimization control strategy. The results show that by applying the detached winding instead of the conventional winding, rotor eddy current losses could be reduced by 25% and 70% under normal and fault-tolerant operation, respectively, without sacrificing torque output. This implies that under fault operation, the excess heating in rotor could be reduced and the machine durability can be enhanced. A prototype machine is built to validate the performance of the detached winding design. The experimental results match well with simulation analysis.
Highly Selective Catalytic Intermolecular Reductive Coupling of Alkynes and Aldehydes (2000)

Alkynes (internal and terminal) and aldehydes (aromatic and aliphatic) are reductively coupled in a single catalytic reaction to yield di- and trisubstituted allylic alcohols with high stereoselectivity and regioselectivity. In most cases, a 1:1 ratio of alkyne to aldehyde is sufficient for efficient coupling. The yield and regioselectivity are strongly dependent on the phosphine ligand, but the allylic alcohols formed are invariably the products of cis addition to the alkyne.
Increased Expression of AQP7 in the Skeletal Muscles of Diet Induced Obesity Mice (2021)

Aquaporin (AQP) 7 and AQP9 are membrane proteins and are the members of aquaglyceroporin which transports glycerol in addition to water molecule. Glycerol is a direct source of glycerol-3 phosphate for the synthesis of triglyceride which is a main substance of lipid droplet seen in skeletal myofibers. We thought that the expression of AQP7 and AQP9 would be altered in the skeletal myofibers in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice as compared with that of control chaw-fed mice. Both RNA and protein levels of AQP7 and AQP9 were studied in the quadriceps femoris muscles of DIO mice and normal control mice. Real time quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that mouse AQP7 mRNA levels in skeletal muscles were significantly higher in DIO mice compared with normal control mice (P &lt; 0.01); whereas mouse AQP9 mRNA levels were not different between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05). Histochemically the myofibers of DIO mice contained numerous lipid droplets in oil red O stain samples. Immunohistochemical study of DIO mouse muscles showed enhanced expression of AQP7 at the myofiber surface membranes; while expression of AQP9 appeared to be similar to that of normal control mice. These findings imply that the up-regulated expression of AQP7 in DIO mouse muscles facilitates the secretion of glycerol from myocytes.