gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A review and evaluation of platforms and tools for building e-catalogs (2003)

The purpose of this paper is to give a comprehensive understanding of the role and importance of e-catalogs in today's e-commerce strategies. The main contribution of our work is a systematic approach towards the classification and evaluation of platforms and tools used for building e-catalogs. We define e-catalogs in a broad sense and examine the benefits introduced by their use. We attempt to make a general classification of e-catalog solutions, differentiating them into three general models. These approaches represent the most common classification of e-catalogs in everyday use. After a short description of each model, a representative tool for each category is reviewed. For the third approach, we evaluate, based on our extension of the evaluation framework first introduced by Ginsburg et al. (1999), the "BookTrade" B2B system. BookTrade incorporates a third-party managed catalog, which we focus on in this description.
Extracellular Oligosaccharides and Low-Mr Polysaccharides Containing (1.2)- -D-Glucosidic Linkages from Strains of Xanthomonas, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1986)

One strain each of Xanthomonas campestris and 'Xanthomonas phaseoli', three strains of 'Xanthomonas oryzae', and five strains each of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found to produce a mixture of (1----2)-beta-D-gluco-oligosaccharides and/or low-Mr (1----2)-beta-D-glucans in their culture media. The saccharides from the strains of Xanthomonas were all composed of unbranched, linear (1----2)-beta-D-glucosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (DPs) of 8 to about 20, and a cyclic (1----2)-beta-D-glucan (DP16) containing one (1----6)-linkage and one alpha-linkage. The saccharides produced by the five strains of E. coli and four strains of K. pneumoniae were glucans with branches at O-6, and DPs of 10 to 15, whereas one strain of K. pneumoniae produced unbranched linear (1----2)-beta-D-glucosaccharides with DPs of 6 to about 20.
Three dimensional reconstruction of PET data from a multi-ring camera (1989)

In order to assess the potential of a multiring camera for three-dimensional PET (positron emission tomography) the septa were removed from a commercially produced PET camera (ECAT 931/08-12). An approximate reconfiguration was made to the data acquisition subsystem to acquire the full set of 64 sinograms containing all permitted lines of response between pairs of detectors. A number of different phantoms were imaged with this camera configuration, and one fluorodopa study was performed with a healthy volunteer. The authors discuss the results of these studies, and describe the back-projection and filtering procedure that has been adopted in order to incorporate the maximum amount of cross-plane data in the reconstruction. The results are compared with the same data reconstructed using the standard two-dimensional approach (i.e. for the direct and cross planes only), and with data collected for the same phantoms with the septa in place.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An integrated approach for the surgical treatment of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (2013)

This paper presents the treatment results of 75 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) caused by a solitary parathyroid adenoma (SPA). Patients in Group 1 had PHPT with concomitant diseases of the thy roid gland (TG). Group 2 consisted of patients with PHPT without thyroid disease. Group 3 included patients with PHPT and concurrent diseases of the parathyroid glands (PG) and thyroid gland, which were operated on without the use of the proposed integrated approach. Patients in groups 1 and 2 were operated on using the following techniques. Patients in group 1 underwent surgery usinga traditional incision with photodynamic visualization (PV) of the PG and exposure of the recur rent and superior laryngeal nerves (LN) (in some cases with the use of magnifying devices and neuromyog raphy). Patients in group 2 underwent surgery with minimally invasive access, utilizingendoscopic video devices and the universal retractor “Multifiks1”. During the intervention,PVof the PG and electrophysiolog ical monitoring (EM)of the recurrent LN were carried out. In groups 1 and 2, adequacy of the operationwas determined by the change in the level of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) and ionized calcium before and after the removal of the PG. Our proposed integrated method for the treatment of patients with PHPT allowed for a significant reduction in the risk of postoperative complications and consequently an improvement in quality of life.
Salience measure for assessing scale-based features in mammograms (2007)

This work assesses the usefulness of an objective, task-based image quality measure that is correlated with perceived image quality; the measure uses the most salient features contained within a medical image. Contributions include the development of a perceptually correlated metric that is useful for quantifying the salience of local, low-level visual cues and identifying those spatial frequencies that are most distinct and perhaps most relied upon by radiologists for decision making. A set of 40 mammograms and registered eye position data from nine observers was used to evaluate the salience metric. A parsimonious analysis-of-variance model explained the variance in the salience results. This analysis is generalized to a population of readers and cases. An analysis of salience versus time of first eye fixation shows good correlation with true positive lesions that were found by experienced readers in less than 2 s.
STAR: Statistical Tests with Auditable Results (2019)

We present STAR: a novel system aimed at solving the complex issue of "p-hacking" and false discoveries in scientific studies. STAR provides a concrete way for ensuring the application of false discovery control procedures in hypothesis testing, using mathematically provable guarantees, with the goal of reducing the risk of data dredging. STAR generates an efficiently auditable certificate which attests to the validity of each statistical test performed on a dataset. STAR achieves this by using several cryptographic techniques which are combined specifically for this purpose. Under-the-hood, STAR uses a decentralized set of authorities (e.g., research institutions), secure computation techniques, and an append-only ledger which together enable auditing of scientific claims by 3rd parties and matches real world trust assumptions. We implement and evaluate a construction of STAR using the Microsoft SEAL encryption library and SPDZ multi-party computation protocol. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates the practicality of STAR in multiple real world scenarios as a system for certifying scientific discoveries in a tamper-proof way.
Progress in understanding and overcoming biomass recalcitrance: a BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) perspective (2017)

The DOE BioEnergy Science Center has operated as a virtual center with multiple partners for a decade targeting overcoming biomass recalcitrance. BESC has redefined biomass recalcitrance from an observable phenotype to a better understood and manipulatable fundamental and operational property. These manipulations are the result of deeper biological understanding and can be combined with other advanced biotechnology improvements in biomass conversion to improve bioenergy processes and markets. This article provides an overview of key accomplishments in overcoming recalcitrance via better plants, better microbes, and better tools and combinations. A perspective on the aspects of successful center operation is presented.
Fast and Flexible Conversion of Geohash Codes to and from Latitude/Longitude Coordinates (2015)

Insights extracted from spatial queries in geodatabase systems introduce significant opportunities for business intelligence. However, geodatabases are unable to keep up with the required performance due to the massive (and sky-rocketing) amounts of data generated from embedded location-enabled devices. In this paper, we focus on geographic information systems that make use of geohash, specifically, we tackle the kernel of converting geohash codes to and from longitude/latitude pairs. We present the first hardware implementation of a geohash conversion engine operating at wire speed. The presented geohash converter is further enhanced with runtime flexibility with respect to characteristics of the data it can process, furthermore, the architecture allows the user to compromise on performance when limited by hardware resources (design time flexibility). Experimental results of the geohash conversion engine on a Xilinx XC7K325T FPGA show >13X (end-to-end) speedup compared to optimized industry-grade software running on 16 CPU hardware threads.
Tertiäres Phosphin/Hexachlorethan als Kondensationsreagenz für die Peptidsynthese (1977)

Tertiary Phosphines/Hexachloroethane as Condensing Agent in Peptide Synthesis A new method for the convenient preparation of peptides via a simultaneous action of tertiary phosphines and hexachloroethane on N ‐protected amino acids and amino acid esters is reported. The procedure is transferred on a Ph 2 P‐containing resin which can be regenerated easily on treatment with phosgene.
Study of the thermal effects in the necking of polymers with the use of an infrared camera (1980)

Abstract When a polymer specimen yields under tension by the process of cold‐drawing, heat is generated in the necking region. This beating effect has been studied in polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, and PVC with the use of a thermovision system which produces a real time thermal image of the necking specimen. In this way it was possible to observe the temperature distribution over the surface of the neck and to show that at least 85% of the mechanical work done on the specimen during necking was converted into heat. A semiempirical equation relating the maximum temperature to the drawing rate has been derived.
Computational Complexity of Lyapunov Stability Analysis Problems for a Class of Nonlinear Systems (1998)

Nonlinear control systems can be stabilized by constructing control Lyapunov functions and computing the regions of state space over which such functions decrease along trajectories of the closed-loop system under an appropriate control law. This paper analyzes the computational complexity of these procedures for two classes of control Lyapunov functions. The systems considered are those which are nonlinear in only a few state variables and which may be affected by control constraints and bounded disturbances. This paper extends previous work by the authors, which develops a procedure for stability analysis for these systems whose computational complexity is exponential only in the dimension of the "nonlinear" states and polynomial in the dimension of the remaining states. The main results are illustrated by a numerical example for the case of purely quadratic control Lyapunov functions.
Control of packed column fouling in the continuous fermentation and stripping of ethanol (2000)

By recycling the contents of a 14 L fermentor through a stripping column to continuously remove ethanol and reduce product inhibition, continuous complete conversion of nutrient feed containing 600 g/L glucose was achieved in a small pilot plant. Ethanol was recovered from the carbon dioxide stripping gas in a refrigerated condenser, and the gas was reheated with steam and recycled by a blower. Productivity of ethanol in the fermentor as high as 15.8 g/L/h and condensate production of up to 10 L/day of almost 50% by volume ethanol were maintained for up to 60 days of continuous operation. Weekly washing of the column packing in situ was required to prevent loss of performance caused by attached growth of yeast cells, which restricts the gas flow rate through the stripping column. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
I Asymmetric photochemistry II Exploratory and mechanistic studies on the triplet sensitized vapor phase photochemistry of allenes III Developments in the synthesis of strained cyclic cumulenes (1993)

The development and implementation of a new chiral triplet sensitizer derived from 1,1$\sp\prime$-binaphthol is described. Irradiation of 1,3-diphenylallene (16) in the presence of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-dinaphtho(2,1-g:1$\sp\prime,2\sp\prime$-i) (1,6) dioxecine (10) resulted in 0.66% optical induction. Irradiation of 1,3-cyclooctadiene (17) in the presence of 10 resulted in 11.3% optical induction. The singlet state of 10 could be effectively quenched by higher diene concentration, substantially reducing the optical yield. Irradiation of trans-1,2-diphenyl-cyclopropane (1) in the presence of 10 resulted in very low optical yields. The mechanism by which triplet excited state allenes react in the vapor phase is investigated through both theory and experiment. Benzene sensitized vapor phase irradiation of cyclohexylallene (63) yields cis and trans-1,3,8-nonatriene (82) as the primary products. Triene 82 undergoes triplet sensitized (4+2) cycloaddition reactions yielding bicyclic alkenes 45 and 83. Additionally, 82 undergoes a series of triplet sensitized (2+2) cycloadditions, yielding bicyclic alkenes 84-86. The absence of any observed tricyclics argues for the intermediacy of planar triplet allene 89, instead of triplet cyclopropylidene 88. Benzene sensitized vapor phase irradiation of vinylidenecycloheptane (64) yielded only starting material. Models indicated that neither intermediate, triplet cyclopropylidene 99 or planar triplet allene 100, was particularly well suited for hydrogen abstraction to occur. Benzene sensitized solution phase irradiation of either 63 or 64 yielded only starting material. Ab initio calculations at the UMP3/6-31G*//UHF/3-21G level are reported for hydrogen abstraction from methane by triplet cyclopropylidene (52), and planar triplet allene (61). The calculations predict E$\sb{\rm a}$ = 16.7 and 18.8 kcal/mol for hydrogen abstraction by 52 and 61, respectively. The syntheses and trapping of 1-phenyl-1,2-cyclohexadiene (137) is described. Several pathways directed toward the synthesis of 1,2-cyclopentadiene (131) are also described. Additionally, the development of a new, and presumably general route to cyclic allenes is presented. The syntheses and trapping of 1,2,3-cyclohexatriene (199) and cyclohexen-3-yne (240) are described. Both are prepared by introduction of the strained $\pi$ bond through fluoride induced elimination of vicinal trimethylsilyl, and triflate or halide groups. Both syntheses are general and should be applicable to different ring sizes.
Exact series reconstruction in photoacoustic tomography with circular integrating detectors (2009)

A method for photoacoustic tomography is presented that uses circular integrals of the acoustic wave for the reconstruction of a three-dimensional image. Image reconstruction is a two-step process: In the first step data from a stack of circular integrating detectors are used to reconstruct the circular projection of the source distribution. In the second step the inverse circular Radon transform is applied. In this article we establish inversion formulas for the first step, which involves an inverse problem for the axially symmetric wave equation. Numerical results are presented that show the validity and robustness of the resulting algorithm.
Immobilier : jeu dangereux (2008)

à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Anti-tumour clerodane-type diterpenes from Mitrephora thorelii (2007)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract of Mitrephora thorelii (Annonaceae) led to the isolation of two clerodane-type diterpenes. Their structures were characterised on the basis of spectroscopic methods as 6alpha,16,18-trihydroxycleroda-3(4),13(14)-dien-15,16-olide (1) and 16-hydroxycleroda-3(4),13(14)-dien-15,16-olide (2). Compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory activity against the proliferation of human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells in vitro. Compound 2 also showed an in vivo anti-tumour effect against the growth of hepatoma H22 in mice.
Islet cell replacement and transplantation immunology in a mouse strain with inducible diabetes (2022)

Improved models of experimental diabetes are needed to develop cell therapies for diabetes. Here, we introduce the B6 RIP-DTR mouse, a model of experimental diabetes in fully immunocompetent animals. These inbred mice harbor the H2<sup>b</sup> major histocompatibility complex (MHC), selectively express high affinity human diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) in islet β-cells, and are homozygous for the Ptprc<sup>a</sup> (CD45.1) allele rather than wild-type Ptprc<sup>b</sup> (CD45.2). 100% of B6 RIP-DTR mice rapidly became diabetic after a single dose of diphtheria toxin, and this was reversed indefinitely after transplantation with islets from congenic C57BL/6 mice. By contrast, MHC-mismatched islets were rapidly rejected, and this allotransplant response was readily monitored via blood glucose and graft histology. In peripheral blood of B6 RIP-DTR with mixed hematopoietic chimerism, CD45.2 BALB/c donor blood immune cells were readily distinguished from host CD45.1 cells by flow cytometry. Reliable diabetes induction and other properties in B6 RIP-DTR mice provide an important new tool to advance transplant-based studies of islet replacement and immunomodulation to treat diabetes.
The epidemiology of factor VIII inhibitors (2006)

Risk factors for inhibitor development include specific factor VIII (FVIII) genotypes, a family history of inhibitor development amongst first-degree relatives, certain HLA haplotypes and non-caucasian ethnicity. Patients with major FVIII deletions or rearrangements have a higher risk of inhibitor development than those with small deletions or missense mutations. Studies of HLA-DR amongst northern European patients with the intron 22 inversion indicate that certain HLA haplotypes may also confer either increased or decreased inhibitor risk. However, although brothers of patients with inhibitor have a high risk of inhibitor development, concordance is not 100%, and other constitutional factors must also operate. Disputed risk factors for inhibitor development include early age at first FVIII exposure, the use of recombinant rather than plasma-derived FVIII and product switching. Two studies suggest that inhibitor risk is increased by very early FVIII exposure (P = 0.03), but this is disputed by a third study; larger studies addressing the question are ongoing. Studies investigating the relative inhibitor risk of plasma-derived vs. recombinant FVIII have been similarly inconclusive and will be reviewed. Other environmental or treatment variables such as concomitant infection or vaccination are suspected to influence inhibitor risk but have not yet been fully investigated.
β-NaGdF4:Eu3+ nanocrystal markers for melanoma tumor imaging (2016)

Europium doped nanocrystals can be optimized to be successfully used as visualization markers for <italic>i.e.</italic> melanoma tumor.
ChemInform Abstract: Ryanoids and Related Compounds. A Total Synthesis of 3‐Epiryanodine ( VI). (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Questions and Answers from DataQ Project (2019)

This data set contains all of the questions received and answers provided during the initial phase of the DataQ project (2015-2017), which was funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services Sparks! Ignition Grant for Libraries SP-02-14-0020-14 and the Greater Western Library Alliance. Questions were submitted by users of the DataQ website, and answers were provided by an editorial team of experts. Information in the answers may no longer be accurate or relevant due to changes over time. These questions and answers are provided primarily as a record of the DataQ project as it existed from 2015 until 2017.
Metagenomes from Coastal Marine Sediments Give Insights into the Ecological Role and Cellular Features of Loki - and Thorarchaeota (2019)

The genomes of Asgard <i>Archaea</i>, a novel archaeal proposed superphylum, share an enriched repertoire of eukaryotic signature genes and thus promise to provide insights into early eukaryote evolution. However, the distribution, metabolisms, cellular structures, and ecology of the members within this superphylum are not well understood. Here we provide a meta-analysis of the environmental distribution of the Asgard archaea, based on available 16S rRNA gene sequences. Metagenome sequencing of samples from a salt-crusted lagoon on the Baja California Peninsula of Mexico allowed the assembly of a new <i>Thorarchaeota</i> and three <i>Lokiarchaeota</i> genomes. Comparative analyses of all known <i>Lokiarchaeota</i> and <i>Thorarchaeota</i> genomes revealed overlapping genome content, including central carbon metabolism. Members of both groups contained putative reductive dehalogenase genes, suggesting that these organisms might be able to metabolize halogenated organic compounds. Unlike the first report on <i>Lokiarchaeota</i>, we identified genes encoding glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase in all <i>Loki</i>- and <i>Thorarchaeota</i> genomes, suggesting that these organisms are able to synthesize bona fide archaeal lipids with their characteristic glycerol stereochemistry.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Microorganisms of the superphylum Asgard <i>Archaea</i> are considered to be the closest living prokaryotic relatives of eukaryotes (including plants and animals) and thus promise to give insights into the early evolution of more complex life forms. However, very little is known about their biology as none of the organisms has yet been cultivated in the laboratory. Here we report on the ecological distribution of Asgard <i>Archaea</i> and on four newly sequenced genomes of the <i>Lokiarchaeota</i> and <i>Thorarchaeota</i> lineages that give insight into possible metabolic features that might eventually help to identify these enigmatic groups of archaea in the environment and to culture them.
In Vitro Biophysical and Biological Characterization of Lipid Nanoparticles Co-Encapsulating Oncosuppressors miR-199b-5p and miR-204-5p as Potentiators of Target Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma (2020)

Uncontrolled MAPK signaling is the main oncogenic driver in metastatic melanomas bearing mutations in BRAF kinase. These tumors are currently treated with the combination of BRAF/MEK inhibitors (MAPKi), but this therapy is plagued by drug resistance. In this context we recently discovered that several microRNAs are involved in the development of drug resistance. In particular miR-204-5p and miR-199b-5p were found to function as antagonists of resistance because their enforced overexpression is able to inhibit melanoma cell growth in vitro either alone or in combination with MAPKi. However, the use of miRNAs in therapy is hampered by their rapid degradation in serum and biological fluids, as well as by the poor intracellular uptake. Here, we developed lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulating miR-204-5p, miR-199b-5p individually or in combination. We obtained LNPs with mean diameters < 200 nm and high miRNA encapsulation efficiency. These formulations were tested in vitro on several melanoma cell lines sensitive to MAPKi or rendered drug resistant. Our results show that LNPs encapsulating combinations of the two oncosuppressor miRNAs are highly efficient in impairing melanoma cell proliferation and viability, affect key signaling pathways involved in melanoma cell survival, and potentiate the efficacy of drugs inhibiting BRAF and MEK. These results warrant further assessment of the anti-tumor efficacy of oncosuppressor miRNAs encapsulating LNPs in in vivo tumor models.