gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Master equation of discrete time graphon mean field games and teams (2020)

In this paper, we present a sequential decomposition algorithm equivalent of Master equation to compute GMFE of GMFG and graphon optimal Markovian policies (GOMPs) of graphon mean field teams (GMFTs). We consider a large population of players sequentially making strategic decisions where the actions of each player affect their neighbors which is captured in a graph, generated by a known graphon. Each player observes a private state and also a common information as a graphon mean-field population state which represents the empirical networked distribution of other players' types. We consider non-stationary population state dynamics and present a novel backward recursive algorithm to compute both GMFE and GOMP that depend on both, a player's private type, and the current (dynamic) population state determined through the graphon. Each step in computing GMFE consists of solving a fixed-point equation, while computing GOMP involves solving for an optimization problem. We provide conditions on model parameters for which there exists such a GMFE. Using this algorithm, we obtain the GMFE and GOMP for a specific security setup in cyber physical systems for different graphons that capture the interactions between the nodes in the system.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Inhibition of dUTPase Induces Synthetic Lethality with Thymidylate Synthase–Targeted Therapies in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 193K&lt;/p&gt;
An Efficient Single and Double-Adjacent Error Correcting Parallel Decoder for the (24,12) Extended Golay Code (2015)

Memories that operate in harsh environments, like for example space, suffer a significant number of errors. The error correction codes (ECCs) are routinely used to ensure that those errors do not cause data corruption. However, ECCs introduce overheads both in terms of memory bits and decoding time that limit speed. In particular, this is an issue for applications that require strong error correction capabilities. A number of recent works have proposed advanced ECCs, such as orthogonal Latin squares or difference set codes that can be decoded with relatively low delay. The price paid for the low decoding time is that in most cases, the codes are not optimal in terms of memory overhead and require more parity check bits. On the other hand, codes like the (24,12) Golay code that minimize the number of parity check bits have a more complex decoding. A compromise solution has been recently explored for Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem codes. The idea is to implement a fast parallel decoder to correct the most common error patterns (single and double adjacent) and use a slower serial decoder for the rest of the patterns. In this brief, it is shown that the same scheme can be efficiently implemented for the (24,12) Golay code. In this case, the properties of the Golay code can be exploited to implement a parallel decoder that corrects single- and double-adjacent errors that is faster and simpler than a single-error correction decoder. The evaluation results using a 65-nm library show significant reductions in area, power, and delay compared with the traditional decoder that can correct single and double-adjacent errors. In addition, the proposed decoder is also able to correct some triple-adjacent errors, thus covering the most common error patterns.
Volatilidad con un peso fuerte. Expectativas financieras 2013 (2012)

En este contexto con tasas de interes negativas, riesgo inflacionario y un peso fuerte, Mexico brilla, contrario a paises desarrollados en recesion o con bajo crecimiento y algunas naciones en desarrollo que no tienen buena salud economica
Osteoporosis Is a Toxic Effect of Long-term Etretinate Therapy (1995)

This study identified osteoporosis in patients who received long-term therapy with etretinate but not isotretinoin. Prospective studies of BMD would be useful to further define retinoid-associated osteoporosis.
Transformation Toughening of Beta”-Alumina (1983)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The fracture toughness and fracture strength of beta”-alumina are critical material properties for insuring reliable assembly, performance and lifetime of sodium-sulfur batteries in electric vehicle applications. The fracture toughness of the electrolyte is of major importance because it has been shown that the critical sodium ion current density for electrolyte degradation is proportional to the fracture toughness of the electrolyte to the fourth power. High fracture strength of the electrolyte is required for making and maintaining reliable seals to the insulating header. Greater fracture strength and toughness of beta”-alumina can be attained through transformation toughening while maintaining tolerable ionic resistivities.&lt;/div&gt;
Synthesis of the 1-Monoester of 2-Ketoalkanedioic Acids, for Example, Octyl α-Ketoglutarate (2012)

Oxidative cleavage of cycloalkene-1-carboxylates, made from the corresponding carboxylic acids, and subsequent oxidation of the resulting ketoaldehyde afforded the important 1-monoesters of 2-ketoalkanedioic acids. Thus ozonolysis of octyl cyclobutene-1-carboxylate followed by sodium chlorite oxidation afforded the 1-monooctyl 2-ketoglutarate. This is a cell-permeable prodrug form of α-ketoglutarate, an important intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA, Krebs) cycle and a promising therapeutic agent in its own right.
Visualization of Central Nervous System Nerve Communications Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (2004)

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance (MR) technique used to analyze diffusion anisotropy of the central nervous system (CNS) and can demonstrate subtle white matter anatomy. In particular, tractography is expected to be a unique, non-invasive tool to provide more pertinent insights into brain structure and orientation not accessible with conventional MRI. Data collection was performed in a normal volunteer on a 1.5-T MRI system using several techniques including six axis single-shot echo planar imaging (EPI), over six axis EPI, and periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction techniques. Tractography was generated by a continuous tracking method with our original software, Volume-One (for viewing volumetric image data) and VizDT-II (for analysis of DTI data). Using these data, estimated tracts were generated in arcuate fibers of cerebrum, cingulum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, corpus callosum, fornix, anterior thalamic radiation, central thalamic radiation, thalamo-parietal fibers, optic radiation, superior cerebellar peduncle, middle cerebellar peduncle, inferior cerebellar peduncle and intrinsic commissure paths of the hipoccampous. DTI including tractography allows differentiation between complex white matter tracts. The information regarding the detailed relationship may be useful for diagnosis of the location and extent of brain lesions, and preoperative planning.
On the Wideband High-permittivity Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Parasitic Patches (2004)

Three mirctostrip-fed high-permittivity cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) with parasitic patches for wideband applications are proposed. For each case, a wide impedance bandwidth of ˜10% is achieved by exciting the fundamental TM110 mode of the cylindrical DRA and the parasitic-patch modes. The return loss, radiation pattern and antenna gain of these configurations are studied experimentally.
Illumination discrimination in the absence of a fixed surface-reflectance layout (2018)

Previous studies have shown that humans can discriminate spectral changes in illumination and that this sensitivity depends both on the chromatic direction of the illumination change and on the ensemble of surfaces in the scene. These studies, however, always used stimulus scenes with a fixed surface-reflectance layout. Here we compared illumination discrimination for scenes in which the surface reflectance layout remains fixed (fixed-surfaces condition) to those in which surface reflectances were shuffled randomly across scenes, but with the mean scene reflectance held approximately constant (shuffled-surfaces condition). Illumination discrimination thresholds in the fixed-surfaces condition were commensurate with previous reports. Thresholds in the shuffled-surfaces condition, however, were considerably elevated. Nonetheless, performance in the shuffled-surfaces condition exceeded that attainable through random guessing. Analysis of eye fixations revealed that in the fixed-surfaces condition, low illumination discrimination thresholds (across observers) were predicted by low overall fixation spread and high consistency of fixation location and fixated surface reflectances across trial intervals. Performance in the shuffled-surfaces condition was not systematically related to any of the eye-fixation characteristics we examined for that condition, but was correlated with performance in the fixed-surfaces condition.
Difficulties of dealing with a compromised workforce (2011)

Academic’s recommendations to address specialty’s problems are widely welcomed. Colin Parish reports
Ranging in Multiband Ultrawideband Communication Systems (2008)

In this paper, we consider the problem of providing highly accurate time-delay or ranging estimates using multiple receptions of ranging signals in multiband communication systems. Specifically, we propose an algorithm to enhance the resolution of range and time-delay estimation in a multiband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing system that has been proposed for the IEEE 802.15.3a wireless personal area networks. While this paper does not specifically address the problem of accurate localization in multipath nonline-of-sight environments, the proposed approach enhances the resolution and can be combined with any of the known techniques designed for such environments to provide an enhanced localization performance. Prior research has shown that the variance of the time-delay estimation error in white Gaussian noise is inversely proportional to the energy of probe signal and the square of its mean square bandwidth. In a multiband system with M subbands, traditional ranging techniques reduce the variance of the delay estimation from a single subband signal by a factor of M by properly combining M probing signals from all subbands. In contrast, we describe a new approach that synthesizes the return corresponding to a virtual large-bandwidth signal by appropriately merging the returns of M low-bandwidth ranging signals at the receiver. We show that using this technique, the variance of the delay estimation is reduced by a factor of M3. We also show that the proposed scheme achieves the Cramer-Rao lower bound under the high signal-to-noise ratio condition.
Loss Waveform Interval for the Data Buffering of a Multiple-Channel Microcomputer-Based Oscilloscope System (2005)

Microcomputer-based oscilloscope instruments have been developed recently because they can easily process, store, and transmit various measured signals with the help of computers. Although this type of oscilloscope is workable and available, at the present time, we still do not know too much about the quantitative relationships with respect to the system bandwidth, the buffer size, the channel numbers, and the loss waveform interval in the data buffering mechanism of an asynchronous microcomputer-based oscilloscope. We propose a modified queueing model for the quantitative analysis of these relationships. The primary results from this model and the measurement of the experimental system show the higher the required bandwidth, the higher the loss of the waveform interval for the measured signals. Fortunately, our oscilloscope is used to measure repetitive "periodic" waveforms, so the loss waveform intervals due to state transition will not cause any serious problem from a steady-state point of view.
Kolmogorov stochasticity parameter measuring the randomness in the cosmic microwave background (2008)

The Kolmogorov stochasticity parameter (KSP) is applied to quantify the degree of randomness (stochasticity) in the temperature maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation maps. It is shown that the KSP for the WMAP5 maps is about twice as high as that of the simulated maps for the concordance ΛCDM cosmological model, implying that a randomizing effect exists that has not been taken into account by the model. As was revealed earlier, underdense regions in the large scale matter distributions, i.e. the voids, possess hyperbolic and, hence, randomizing properties. The degree of randomness for the Cold Spot appears to be about twice as high as the average of the mean temperature level spots in the sky, which supports the void nature of the Cold Spot. Kolmogorov's parameter then acts as a quantitative tracer of the voids by means of the CMB.
Development of a Gold-standard Pashto Dataset and a Segmentation App (2021)

The article aims to introduce a gold-standard Pashto dataset and a segmentation app. The Pashto dataset consists of 300 line images and corresponding Pashto text from three selected books. A line image is simply an image consisting of one text line from a scanned page. To our knowledge, this is one of the first open access datasets which directly maps line images to their corresponding text in the Pashto language. We also introduce the development of a segmentation app using textbox expanding algorithms, a different approach to OCR segmentation. The authors discuss the steps to build a Pashto dataset and develop our unique approach to segmentation. The article starts with the nature of the Pashto alphabet and its unique diacritics which require special considerations for segmentation. Needs for datasets and a few available Pashto datasets are reviewed. Criteria of selection of data sources are discussed and three books were selected by our language specialist from the Afghan Digital Repository. The authors review previous segmentation methods and introduce a new approach to segmentation for Pashto content. The segmentation app and results are discussed to show readers how to adjust variables for different books. Our unique segmentation approach uses an expanding textbox method which performs very well given the nature of the Pashto scripts. The app can also be used for Persian and other languages using the Arabic writing system. The dataset can be used for OCR training, OCR testing, and machine learning applications related to content in Pashto.
Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Arising From the Third Cranial Nerve (2008)

An otherwise healthy 6-week-old girl who presented with an isolated left third cranial nerve palsy underwent MRI that revealed an enhancing mass intrinsic to the left third cranial nerve. Rapid enlargement of the lesion over 1 month led to subtotal neurosurgical resection of an atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT), a rare, highly aggressive malignancy of infancy closely related histologically to medulloblastoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Despite aggressive chemotherapy, the patient died within 6 months of presentation. This is the first report of an AT/RT presenting as an isolated third cranial nerve palsy caused by tumor arising from within the nerve.
Synthesis of GaNxAs1−x thin films by pulsed laser melting and rapid thermal annealing of N+-implanted GaAs (2003)

We present a systematic investigation on the formation of the highly mismatched alloy GaNxAs1−x using N+-implantation followed by a combination of pulsed laser melting and rapid thermal annealing. Thin films of GaNxAs1−x with x as high as 0.016 and an activation efficiency of the implanted N up to 50% have been synthesized with structural and optical properties comparable to films grown by epitaxial deposition techniques with similar substitutional N content. The effects of N+ implantation dose, laser energy fluence, and rapid thermal annealing temperature on the N incorporation as well as optical and structural properties of the GaNxAs1−x films are discussed.
Symmetric 3,4-Disubstituted Pyrroles via Piloty-Robinson Synthesis (2007)

A very short, concise, and cost-effective synthesis of symmetrical 3,4-disubstituted pyrroles using the Piloty-Robinson reaction is reported. Thus, condensation of aldehydes with hydrazine produces the symmetrical azines which upon acylation lead to bis(enamine) intermediates. Subsequent [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement to 1,4-bis(imine), cyclization, and aromatization lead to the 3,4-substituted pyrrole products. The micro­wave reaction conditions allow a very short reaction time for the overall transformation. The scope of the reaction in terms of R and Ar substi­tuents was insufficiently explored.
Philosophical Considerations about Equity in Higher Education (2012)

The principle of equity traditionally means that equals should be treated equally and unequals should be treated unequally. Applied to higher education, that principle implies that institutions should grant access to aspiring students based on their demonstrated motivation and ability to take advantage of such education. However, neither a standard inherent-desert nor a social-value argument succeed in providing a moral justification for the equity principle for access to higher education. Therefore, it is argued that the principle of equality in access to higher education, according to which no aspiring student may be denied such access, is more morally justified than the principle of equity in access.
Effects of Isolated Limb Perfusion With Tumor Necrosis Factor-α on Circulating Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines (2001)

Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFalpha) and cytotoxic drugs is currently used for treatment of melanoma and sarcoma of the limbs. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is involved in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome as a result of activation of inflammatory cells and production of bioactive substances. The goal of this study was to determine the circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines and soluble adhesion molecules in 19 patients with limb melanoma or sarcoma undergoing ILP with (n = 9) or without TNFalpha (n = 10). The results obtained demonstrated that ILP with TNFalpha was responsible for a leakage of TNFalpha in the systemic circulation, followed by a rise in interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels within I h. Elevated soluble (s)P-selectin levels were found 1-3 h after ILP. Plasma sE-selectin peaked 6-9 h after ILP, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM) levels reached a maximum after 24 h. Significant correlations were observed among these variables, confirming the interdependence of all changes observed. On the other hand, ILP with cytotoxic drugs alone induced only a modest release of TNFalpha, which was not followed by an immediate rise in IL-6 and IL-8. Four of the 9 patients undergoing ILP with TNF had severe systemic toxicity. No association was found between systemic TNF levels and the clinical outcome, whereas elevated TNF perfusion levels as well as systemic IL-6 and IL-8 levels were constantly elevated in patients with severe toxicity. These results are suggestive of an important role of TNFalpha levels in the perfusion system (more than leakage of perfusate) in causing postoperative toxicity, although other ILP-related factors should not be excluded.
Methyltrioxorhenium als Katalysator für die Olefin‐Oxidation (1991)

Ausgeprägte Lewis‐Acidität ist die Erklärung für die außergewöhnliche Aktivität der Titelverbindung in der katalytischen Olefin‐Epoxidierung mit Wasserstoffperoxid. Das System MTO/ t ‐C 4 H 9 OH/H 2 O 2 epoxidiert selektiv und effizient Olefine unter sehr schonenden Bedingungen (‐ 30 bis + 60°C, in der Regel Raumtemperatur). 0.1 bis 1 Mol‐% MTO sind im allgemeinen zur Erreichung hoher Umsätze ausreichend. Durch Variation der Alkylgruppe sowie durch die Zugabe von Cokatalysatoren (z.B. Aminen) sollten sich Aktivität und Stereoselektivität beeinflussen lassen.
Inheritance of Dislocations and Crystallographic Texture during Martensitic Reversion into Austenite (2013)

1) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, GraduateSchool of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan. 2) International Institute forCarbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), KyushuUniversity, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan.3) Graduate Student of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan.4) Max-Planck-Institute fur Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1,40237 Dusseldorf, Germany.(
Serum Vitamin Levels and the Risk of Asthma in Children (2004)

Dietary intake, especially of antioxidant vitamins A, C, E, and the carotenoids, has been linked with the presence and severity of asthma. From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), conducted in the United States between 1988 and 1994, the authors selected 4,093 children (aged 6-17 years) for whom relevant medical, socioeconomic, and anthropometric data were complete. The children were 50.6% female, and 9.7% reported a diagnosis of asthma. Bivariate analyses showed that asthma diagnosis was associated with lower levels of serum vitamin C, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin. However, antioxidant levels may be surrogate markers for socioeconomic variables such as race, poverty, tobacco exposure, or general nutritional status. In logistic models that included age, body mass index, socioeconomic variables, antioxidant levels, parental asthma, and household smoking, the only antioxidants significantly associated with asthma were vitamin C (odds ratio = 0.72 per mg/dl, 95% confidence interval = 0.55, 0.95) and alpha-carotene (odds ratio = 0.95 per micro g/dl, 95% confidence interval = 0.90, 0.99). The odds ratio for asthma in the highest quintile of serum vitamin C relative to the lowest was 0.65 (p < 0.05), whereas it was 0.74 for alpha-carotene (p = 0.066). The authors concluded that low vitamin C and alpha-carotene intakes are associated with asthma risk in children.
Polymerization of propylene using supported, chiral, ansa-metallocene catalysts: production of polypropylene with narrow molecular weight distributions (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of propylene using supported, chiral, ansa-metallocene catalysts: production of polypropylene with narrow molecular weight distributionsScott Collins, W. Mark Kelly, and David A. HoldenCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 6, 1780–1785Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00032a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00032a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views858Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts