gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antennapedia homeobox peptide enhances growth and branching of embryonic chicken motoneurons in vitro. (1993)

Spinal motoneuron development is regulated by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among these, a possible role for homeoproteins is suggested by their expression in the motoneuron at relatively late stages. To investigate their possible involvement in motoneuron growth, we adapted a novel technique recently developed in this laboratory, based on the ability of the 60 amino acid-long homeobox of Antennapedia (pAntp) to translocate through the neuronal membrane and to accumulate in the nucleus (Joliot, A. H., C. Pernelle, H. Deagostini-Bazin, and A. Prochiantz. 1991. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:1864-1868; Joliot, A. H., A. Triller, M. Volovitch, C. Pernelle, and A. Prochiantz. 1991. New Biol. 3:1121-1134). Motoneurons from E5 chicken spinal cord were incubated with pAntp, purified by panning on SC1 antibody and plated on polyornithine/laminin substrata without further addition of pAntp. After 24 h, neurite outgrowth was already extensive in controls. In cultures of motoneurons that had been preincubated with 10(-7) M pAntp, neurite length was doubled; a similar effect was obtained using postnatal muscle extracts. Morphological analysis using a neurofilament marker specific for axons indicated that the homeobox peptide enhances primarily axonal elongation and branching. To test the hypothesis that the biological activity of pAntp involves its specific attachment to cognate homeobox binding sites present in the genome, we generated a mutant of pAntp called pAntp40P2, that was still able to translocate through the motoneuron membrane and to reach the nucleus, but had lost the specific DNA-binding properties of the wild-type peptide. Preincubation of pAntp40P2 with purified motoneurons failed to increase neurite outgrowth. This finding raises the possibility that motoneuron growth is controlled by homeobox proteins.
On-chip production of droplets with on-demand and size control (2010)

We have successfully produced emulsion droplets on a chip both achieved size-control and on-demand droplet generation by using magnetically driven microtool (MMT) which has a parallel plate structure to be constrained in translational motion. With a lateral motion of MMT in microchannels, the dispersed phase (hydrophobic flow) can be cut into different size of droplets and the continuous phase (hydrophilic flow) flow can be flowed into the microchannels by the movement of MMT to obtain both of size-controlled droplets and on-demand droplets actively. The improved system was evaluated in terms of the frequency oMMT and the size of droplets produced, and we found out a dynamic range of the size control of droplet was improved. In this paper, we propose to improve the size of droplet with a microsensor fabricated on substrate by photolithography, which provides closed-loop size control of production of droplet by MMT. Our target is to stabilize the system. This system contributes to emulsification process for biotechnology and nano-medicine applications.
H7N9 Influenza Virus Is More Virulent in Ferrets than 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus (2015)

The novel H7N9 influenza virus has been infecting humans in China since February 2013 and with a mortality rate of about 40%. This study compared the pathogenicity of the H7N9 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses in a ferret model, which shows similar symptoms to those of humans infected with influenza viruses. The H7N9 influenza virus caused a more severe disease than did the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. All of the ferrets infected with the H7N9 influenza virus had died by 6 days after infection, while none of those infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus died. Ferrets infected with the H7N9 influenza virus had higher viral titers in their lungs than did those infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. Histological findings indicated that hemorrhagic pneumonia was caused by infection with the H7N9 influenza virus, but not with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. In addition, the lung tissues of ferrets infected with the H7N9 influenza virus contained higher levels of chemokines than did those of ferrets infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. This study suggests that close monitoring is needed to prevent human infection by the lethal H7N9 influenza virus.
Detecting the Point of Impact on an Anisotropic Cylindrical Surface Using Only Four Acoustic Sensors (2011)

An optimization based technique for detecting the point of impact on isotropic and anisotropic plates was developed by Kundu and his associates. Acoustic sensors attached to the plate record the arrival times of Lamb waves generated at the impact point. An objective function is then minimized to obtain the impact location [1-3]. Recently this technique has been extended to the cylindrical geometry. This optimization based technique has been tested on both flat plates and cylindrical shells made of aluminum [4]. In this paper the impact point on an anisotropic cylindrical shell geometry made of carbon fiber reinforced composite is investigated. One shortcoming of the previous method of requiring a large number of acoustic sensors to obtain the direction dependent velocity profile is also overcome here. In the new method the velocity profile in the anisotropic shell is obtained using only four sensors. Predicted points of impact on the anisotropic cylindrical shell are compared with the actual impact points. Good agreement between the two sets is observed.
Embedding Solutions for vertical SiC and GaN Power Devices (2022)

This paper presents further development of a module concept for Wide Bandgap (WBG) power devices. By embedding WBG power devices in ceramic substrates, high performance of the complete package can be achieved to fully make use of their potentials. In this work, optimizations for design concept and manufacturing processes have been performed to eliminate risk of failures, especially when embedding thin and sensitive devices with fine pad structures. Warpage of package and deformation of devices have been successfully minimized by adjusting volume and layer thickness of die attach and embedded components. Furthermore, processes such as die attach applying, pre-drying and die bonding have been evaluated and improved. Thus, a significant increase of solder and Ag sinter joint quality, especially in fine chip pad areas, have been achieved. Embedded WBG packages with single chip and half bridge topology have been successfully produced and tested in terms of their functionality.
Bromo-Adenosine Stimulates Choriogonadotropin Production in JAr and Cytotrophoblast Cells: Evidence for Effects on Two Stages of Differentiation (1991)

8-Bromo-adenosine (8-Br-adenosine) stimulates CG production in the JAr choriocarcinoma cell line. Because production of the alpha and beta CG subunits is coupled to the differentiation state of the trophoblasts, we compared the effect of adenosine on CG synthesis in the choriocarcinoma cell line with that in cytotrophoblast cells isolated from normal human term placenta. 8-Br-adenosine stimulated CG production by 5- to 6-fold in both cell types, whereas 8-Br-guanosine had no effect, demonstrating specificity for adenine-containing derivatives. The ratio of CG alpha to CG beta production in JAr cells was 2:1 in the absence or presence of 8-Br-adenosine, whereas in cytotrophoblasts the ratio was 14:1 in controls, but decreased to 3:1 with 8-Br-adenosine. The latter is attributed to an enhanced production of the beta-sub-unit. Immunocytochemistry revealed that CG alpha and CG beta were only expressed in about 4% of JAr cells, and 8-Br-adenosine stimulated the number of positive cells 2- to 4-fold. Since 8-Br-adenosine also inhibited the division of JAr cells, the data suggest that it stimulates CG expression by promoting exit of a population of the cells from the cell cycle. In nondividing placenta-derived cytotrophoblasts, 8-Br-adenosine affects a later step in the differentiation pathway, resulting in a greater effect on the beta- than the alpha-subunit. Thus, our data further support the hypothesis that regulation of CG biosynthesis is linked to differentiation of the trophoblast.
Corrosion Resistance of Thermal Spray Inconel 690 Coatings (1998)

Abstract Inconel thermal spray coatings are potential candidates for wide industrial applications. However, the coating structure resulting from thermal spray processes characterized by unmelted particles, oxides and porosity can severely hinder their corrosion resistance in aggressive media. The aim of the present work was to optimize elaboration parameters in order to enhance their chemical stability. Electrochemical criteria were used to identify the ability of those coatings to form a passive film in a sulfuric acid solution and also to determine their local corrosion resistance in a chloride solution. Results show that the passivity state is strongly conditioned by the coating microstructure. Coatings free of unmelted particles exhibit a notably reduced passive current density while the localized corrosion resistance seems conditionned by the amount of interlamellar oxide.
Review of hereditary angioedema (2016)

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease caused by deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH). It is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a variety of mutations in the C1-INH gene. C1-INH is an important regulator of several pathways. One pathway it affects is the kallikrein–kinin pathway, which results in the generation of bradykinin. Bradykinin is an important mediator of edema. Diagnosis is based on low levels of C1-INH. HAE with normal C1-INH is also recognized in the literature and the pathophysiology is due to another aspect of the pathway being affected leading to increased bradykinin level. Bradykinin results in intermittent swelling of the cutaneous and mucosal surfaces. The swelling usually evolves over several hours and lasts a few days. Location of the swelling can involve any part of the body including fatal laryngeal edema. Newer treatments exist to treat acute attacks and reduce the frequency of future attacks. Earlier diagnosis and treatment of hereditary angioedema can prevent HAE-associated mortality. Statement of novelty: New treatments are used to treat these attacks. These treatments are aimed at patients having a more normal life with hereditary angioedema.
Securing SS7 Telecommunications Networks (2001)

Abstract — Signaling System 7 (SS7) defines the network architecture, configuration and message transport protocol for Public Telephone Networks (PTNs). SS7 was originally designed for a closed telecommunications community, and therefore possesses limited authentication facilities. Deregulation coupled with PTN convergence with the Internet and wireless networks significantly increase vulnerabilities, enabling attackers to perpetrate fraud, interception and interruption on a potentially massive scale. This paper analyzes vulnerabilities in SS7 networks and presents an attack taxonomy. The architecture of a system for detecting and responding to SS7 network attacks is also described.
Plate and Screw Design in Fractures of the Hand and Wrist (2006)

Level V (expert opinion).
Two-dimensional modeling of ion implantation induced point defects (1988)

An analytical model for the description of ion-implantation-induced damage profiles is presented. The model is based on extensive Monte Carlo simulations of B-, P-, As-, and Sb-implantations in Si. One-dimensional profiles are described by a Gaussian function and an exponential function joined together continuously with continuous first derivatives. The two-dimensional model has previously been developed by the authors for dopant profiles and is demonstrated to apply well to point defect distributions. Parameters have been obtained for the four ions by fitting the model to the Monte Carlo results, and they are provided in the form of tables for the energy range of 10-300 keV (for the 1D model 1-300 keV). The Monte Carlo simulations are based on the binary collision approximation, the assumption of a random target, and the validity of the linear collision cascade theory. The importance of energy transport by recoils is pointed out.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Detection of malarial byproduct hemozoin utilizing its unique scattering properties (2011)

The scattering characteristics of the malaria byproduct hemozoin, including its scattering distribution and depolarization, are modeled using Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) and compared to those of healthy red blood cells. Scattering (or dark-field) spectroscopy and imaging are used to identify hemozoin in fresh rodent blood samples. A new detection method is proposed and demonstrated using dark-field in conjunction with cross-polarization imaging and spectroscopy. SNRs greater than 50:1 are achieved for hemozoin in fresh blood without the addition of stains or reagents. The potential of such a detection system is discussed.
Preventing theft of quality of service on open platforms (2006)

As multiple types of traffic converge onto one network, frequently wireless, enterprises face a tradeoff between effectiveness and security. Some types of traffic, such as voice-over-IP (VoIP), require certain quality of service (QoS) guarantees to be effective. The end client platform is in the best position to know which packets deserve this special handling. In many environments (such as universities), end users relish having control over their own machines. However, if end users administer their own machines, nothing stops dishonest ones from marking undeserving traffic for high QoS. How can an enterprise ensure that only appropriate traffic receives high QoS, while also allowing end users to retain control over their own machines? In this paper, we present the design and prototype of a solution, using SELinux, TCPA/TCG hardware, Diffserv, 802.1x, and EAP-TLS.
A molecular assembly phase transition and kinetic proofreading modulate Ras activation by SOS (2019)

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Son of Sevenless (SOS) is a key Ras activator that is autoinhibited in the cytosol and activates upon membrane recruitment. Autoinhibition release involves structural rearrangements of the protein at the membrane and thus introduces a delay between initial recruitment and activation. In this study, we designed a single-molecule assay to resolve the time between initial receptor-mediated membrane recruitment and the initiation of GEF activity of individual SOS molecules on microarrays of Ras-functionalized supported membranes. The rise-and-fall shape of the measured SOS activation time distribution and the long mean time scale to activation (~50 seconds) establish a basis for kinetic proofreading in the receptor-mediated activation of Ras. We further demonstrate that this kinetic proofreading is modulated by the LAT (linker for activation of T cells)-Grb2-SOS phosphotyrosine-driven phase transition at the membrane.
Depressive and anxiety disorders in concert–A synthesis of findings on comorbidity in the NESDA study (2021)

As compared to single disorders, persons with comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders were characterized by more psychosocial risk determinants, more somatic and other psychiatric morbidities, more functional impairments, and poorer outcome. These results justify specific attention for comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders, particularly in treatment settings.
Molecular Paleoscience: Systems Biology from the Past (2010)

Experimental paleomolecular biology, paleobiochemistry, and paleogenetics are closely related emerging fields that infer the sequences of ancient genes and proteins from now-extinct organisms, and then resurrect them for study in the laboratory. The goal of paleogenetics is to use information from natural history to solve the conundrum of modern genomics: How can we understand deeply the function of biomolecular structures uncovered and described by modern chemical biology? Reviewed here are the first 20 cases where biomolecular resurrections have been achieved. These show how paleogenetics can lead to an understanding of the function of biomolecules, analyze changing function, and put meaning to genomic sequences, all in ways that are not possible with traditional molecular biological studies.
Fast and accurate predictions of binding free energies using MM‐PBSA and MM‐GBSA (2009)

In the drug discovery process, accurate methods of computing the affinity of small molecules with a biological target are strongly needed. This is particularly true for molecular docking and virtual screening methods, which use approximated scoring functions and struggle in estimating binding energies in correlation with experimental values. Among the various methods, MM-PBSA and MM-GBSA are emerging as useful and effective approaches. Although these methods are typically applied to large collections of equilibrated structures of protein-ligand complexes sampled during molecular dynamics in water, the possibility to reliably estimate ligand affinity using a single energy-minimized structure and implicit solvation models has not been explored in sufficient detail. Herein, we thoroughly investigate this hypothesis by comparing different methods for the generation of protein-ligand complexes and diverse methods for free energy prediction for their ability to correlate with experimental values. The methods were tested on a series of structurally diverse inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum DHFR with known binding mode and measured affinities. The results showed that correlations between MM-PBSA or MM-GBSA binding free energies with experimental affinities were in most cases excellent. Importantly, we found that correlations obtained with the use of a single protein-ligand minimized structure and with implicit solvation models were similar to those obtained after averaging over multiple MD snapshots with explicit water molecules, with consequent save of computing time without loss of accuracy. When applied to a virtual screening experiment, such an approach proved to discriminate between true binders and decoy molecules and yielded significantly better enrichment curves.
Spontaneous low‐frequency voltage oscillations in frog saccular hair cells (2004)

Spontaneous membrane voltage oscillations were found in 27 of 130 isolated frog saccular hair cells. Voltage oscillations had a mean peak-to-peak amplitude of 23 mV and a mean oscillatory frequency of 4.6 Hz. When compared with non-oscillatory cells, oscillatory cells had significantly greater hyperpolarization-activated and lower depolarization-activated current densities. Two components, the hyperpolarization-activated cation current, I(h), and the K(+)-selective inward-rectifier current, I(K1), contributed to the hyperpolarization-activated current, as assessed by the use of the I(K1)-selective inhibitor Ba(2+) and the I(h)-selective inhibitor ZD-7288. Five depolarization-activated currents were present in these cells (transient I(BK), sustained I(BK), I(DRK), I(A), and I(Ca)), and all were found to have significantly lower densities in oscillatory cells than in non-oscillatory cells (revealed by using TEA to block I(BK), 4-AP to block I(DRK), and prepulses at different voltages to isolate I(A)). Bath application of either Ba(2+) or ZD-7288 suppressed spontaneous voltage oscillations, indicating that I(h) and I(K1) are required for generating this activity. On the contrary, TEA or Cd(2+) did not inhibit this activity, suggesting that I(BK) and I(Ca) do not contribute. A mathematical model has been developed to test the interpretation derived from the pharmacological and biophysical data. This model indicates that spontaneous voltage oscillations can be generated when the electrophysiological features of oscillatory cells are used. The oscillatory behaviour is principally driven by the activity of I(K1) and I(h), with I(A) playing a modulatory role. In addition, the model indicates that the high densities of depolarization-activated currents expressed by non-oscillatory cells help to stabilize the resting membrane potential, thus preventing the spontaneous oscillations.
Plasma electrolytic oxidation layers as alternative supports for metallic catalysts used in oxidation reaction for environmental application (2023)

In order to reduce the impact of production processes on the environment, wastes can be modified by metallic supported catalysts (MSCs). One of the techniques in preparing supports for MSCs could be Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) process used to produce a uniform, adhesive and porous layer on the surface of metals, including Ti as the layers which are carriers for catalysts. As a result, more diverse products in terms of shape and mechanical properties, especially in comparison with ceramic based catalysts, could be produced. In this review, application of the PEO process to the production of MSCs will be presented.
Development of a PDMS‐based microchip electrophoresis device for continuous online in vivo monitoring of microdialysis samples (2010)

A PDMS-based microfluidic system for online coupling of microdialysis sampling to microchip electrophoresis with fluorescence detection for in vivo analysis of amino acid neurotransmitters using naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde and sodium cyanide as the derivatization reagents is described. Fabricating chips from PDMS rather than glass was found to be simpler and more reproducible, especially for chips with complex designs. The microchip incorporated a 20-cm serpentine channel in which sample plugs were introduced using a "simple" injection scheme; this made fluid handling and injection on-chip easier for the online system compared with gated or valve-based injection. The microchip was evaluated offline for the analysis of amino acid standards and rat brain microdialysis samples. Next, precolumn derivatization was incorporated into the chip and in vivo online microdialysis-microchip electrophoresis studies were performed. The system was employed for the continuous monitoring of amino acid neurotransmitters in the extracellular fluid of the brain of an anesthetized rat. Fluorescein was dosed intravenously and monitored simultaneously online as a marker of in vivo blood-brain barrier permeability. The microdialysis-microchip electrophoresis system described here will be employed in the future for simultaneous monitoring of changes in blood-brain barrier permeability and levels of amino acid neurotransmitters in the rat stroke model.
Electrical impedance plethysmography technique in estimating pulmonary function status (2006)

An attempt has been made to study the appropriateness of electrical impedance plethysmography (EIP) in detecting pulmonary health status. A feasibility study was conducted on normal, obstructive and restrictive subjects aged between 20 and 60 years. Quantitative assessment of pulmonary function was made by way of both EIP and pulmonary function tests (PFT). Amongst the various EIP parameters, a statistically significant difference was observed for the respiratory band power, between normal (129.7) and obstructive (35.8) subjects, indicating that this EIP variable can be used to distinguish between the two pulmonary function states. A significant positive correlation was observed between a spirometry parameter, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and an EIP parameter, respiratory amplitude (r = 0.372, p < 0.05), thereby indicating that EIP information by way of respiratory amplitude is comparable to that provided by PEFR. Hence, both respiratory amplitude and respiratory band power were seen to provide useful information on pulmonary health status.