gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Cincinnati Ohio USA from August to December 2020 (2021)

The world is currently in a pandemic of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-2019) caused by a novel positive-sense, single-stranded RNA β-coronavirus referred to as SARS-CoV-2. Here we investigated rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the greater Cincinnati, Ohio, USA metropolitan area from August 13 to December 8, 2020, just prior to initiation of the national vaccination program. Examination of 9,550 adult blood donor volunteers for serum IgG antibody positivity against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein showed an overall prevalence of 8.40%, measured as 7.56% in the first 58 days and 9.24% in the last 58 days, and 12.86% in December 2020, which we extrapolated to ~20% as of March, 2021. Males and females showed similar rates of past infection, and rates among Hispanic or Latinos, African Americans and Whites were also investigated. Donors under 30 years of age had the highest rates of past infection, while those over 60 had the lowest. Geographic analysis showed higher rates of infectivity on the West side of Cincinnati compared with the East side (split by I-75) and the lowest rates in the adjoining region of Kentucky (across the Ohio river). These results in regional seroprevalence will help inform efforts to best achieve herd immunity in conjunction with the national vaccination campaign.
Fabrication of Ball End Mills for High Speed Milling and Their Cutting Characteristics - Tool life improvement and machining stabilization through land treatment on cutting edge of solid ball end mill - (2003)

High speed milling has been realized owing to a number of component technologies. The advancement of these technologies plays a pivotal role in practical application of high speed milling. Cutting tool is one of the most important component technologies among them. Especially, ball end mills, which are the central tools for die and mould machining, have wide usage. Therefore, ball end mills with long tool life and high machining performance are strongly demanded. However, the relationship between tool shapes of ball end mill and high speed milling has not been made clear since it is hard to analyze some complex tool shape parameters. The study focuses on the cutting edge shapes of ball end mills, and allows the creation of micro-lands on rake face and flank face in order to make tool lives longer and keep machining more stable. They are named Neg-land (land between cutting edge and rake face) and Pos-land (land between cutting edge and flank face). High speed cutting experiments enable us to recognize some specific cutting characteristics of created ball end mills. Based on the obtained characteristics, ball end mills with an original cutting edge shape (Opt-tool) are again proposed and produced. As a result, it is experimentally found that the Opt-tool shows the longest tool life and the highest machining performance in high speed milling.
Allelic sequence variation of the HLA-DQ loci: relationship to serology and to insulin-dependent diabetes susceptibility. (1988)

Analysis of sequence variation in the polymorphic second exon of the major histocompatibility complex genes HLA-DQ alpha and -DQ beta has revealed 8 allelic variants at the alpha locus and 13 variants at the beta locus. Correlation of sequence variation with serologic typing suggests that the DQw2, DQw3, and DQ(blank) types are determined by the DQ beta subunit, while the DQw1 specificity is determined by DQ alpha. The nature of the amino acid at position 57 in the DQ beta subunit is correlated with susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This region of the DQ beta chain contains shared peptides with Epstein-Barr virus and rubella virus.
Digital System Design: State Machine Versus Microprocessor Controller (1987)

This paper considers the use of a microprocessor as a controller for digital systems. It is suggested that the microprocessor controller can be considered as a state machine with each state being defined in terms of possible machine instructions. The strengths and weaknesses of this device are discussed. A design procedure is proposed that allows comparison of a conventional state machine design to microprocessor design of a digital system that contains a sequential controller.
Caveolin and Cancer (2005)

Caveolin-1 was first identified as an approximately 22-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells (Glenney, 1989; Glenney and Soppet, 1992). Caveolin-1 has subsequently attracted much attention because it serves as a major coat protein of caveolae (Rothberg, et al., 1992; Smart, et al., 1999). The caveolar membrane system, comprising plasma membrane invaginations and juxtamembrane uncoated vesicles, mediates certain protein transport processes, including transcytosis, potocytosis, and clathrin-independent endocytosis (Anderson, 1998). Caveolin-1 and caveolae are also involved in mediating cellular cholesterol efflux (Smart et al., 1999; Fielding and Fielding, 2001), and a large body of evidence implicates caveolin-1 in regulating intracellular signaling pathways.
Fully embedded board-level guided-wave optoelectronic interconnects (2000)

A fully embedded board-level guided-wave optical interconnection is presented to solve the packaging compatibility problem. All elements involved in providing high-speed optical communications within one board are demonstrated. Experimental results on a 12-channel linear array of thin-film polyimide waveguides, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) (42 /spl mu/m), and silicon MSM photodetectors (10 /spl mu/m) suitable for a fully embedded implementation are provided. Two types of waveguide couplers, titled gratings and 45/spl deg/ total internal reflection mirrors, are fabricated within the polyimide waveguides. Thirty-five to near 100% coupling efficiencies are experimentally confirmed. By doing so, all the real estate of the PC board surface are occupied by electronics, and therefore one only observes the performance enhancement due to the employment of optical interconnection but does not worry about the interface problem between electronic and optoelectronic components unlike conventional approaches. A high speed 1-48 optical clock signal distribution network for Cray T-90 super computer is demonstrated. A waveguide propagation loss of 0.21 dB/cm at 850 nm was experimentally confirmed for the 1-48 clock signal distribution and for point-to-point interconnects. The feasibility of using polyimide as the interlayer dielectric material to form hybrid three-dimensional interconnects is also demonstrated. Finally, a waveguide bus architecture is presented, which provides a realistic bidirectional broadcasting transmission of optical signals. Such a structure is equivalent to such IEEE standard bus protocols as VME bus and FutureBus.
Lectin-Based Affinity Capture for MALDI-MS Analysis of Bacteria (1999)

Immobilized lectins have now been incorporated into affinity surfaces that can be used to isolate broad classes of samples for mass spectrometric analysis. A carbohydrate and a bacterial species that displays the carbohydrate binding motif were isolated and concentrated out of solutions containing salt, urea, buffers, and other contaminants that are deleterious to MALDI mass spectrometry. Concanavalin A was immobilized to a gold foil via a self-assembled monolayer. Samples in phosphate buffer or urine were applied to the capture surface and allowed to interact. The capture surface was then washed to remove salts and other unbound components and subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization on a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The lectin-derivatized surface allowed samples to be concentrated and readily characterized at relatively low levels.
Pancreas and Islet Transplantation in Diabetes (2008)

B cell replacement, either by the intact whole pancreas or by an isolated pancreas islet, has become a clinical option to be considered in the treatment of patients with type 1 insulindependent diabetes mellitus or some of type 2 diabetes. Between the two treatment options, the pancreas transplantation has been shown to be very effective at maintaining an euglycemic state for a sustained period of time providing the recipient with a normal life. The graft survival has been improved due to a current combination of immunosuppressants, refined surgical techniques, and a better postoperative patient care. However, it is associated with a risk of surgical and postoperative complications. The islet transplantation has been considered to be an attractive treatment modality as a less invasive and easily applicable procedure in lieu of whole organ pancreas transplantation. In spite of its many advantages, the islet transplantation has not always achieved the sustained level of normoglycemia without insulin. A poor early or long term graft survival is considered to be caused by inconsistent low islet yield, initial considerable amount of graft loss during engraftment period, rejection of islet in hepatic environment, and absence of monitoring tool for islet graft function. Although current clinical reports have led to a promising result, further improvements are needed to get the long term successful results. Now the current status of pancreas and islet transplantations is reviewed and perspectives of these treatments are discussed.
Improvement of an intravascular ultrasound elasticity modulus imaging approach for detecting vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques (2013)

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the major cause of acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, and stroke in the western world. Stress concentration is recognized to be a good indicator of vulnerable plaques (VP). The Lagrangian speckle model estimator (LSME) for vascular ultrasound elastography, developed by our group, provides the strain field within the plaque. However, evaluation of the stress field relies on a precise identification of the mechanical properties of plaque components. As a response to this need, our group recently developed an approach called imaging modulography (iMOD). iMOD uses a continuum-mechanics-based segmentation method and the inverse finite-element method to reconstruct elasticity maps (or modulograms) of atheroma plaques based on the radial strain field calculated by the LSME. The present theoretical study was designed to further develop segmentation and optimization procedures of iMOD to incorporate both radial and shear components of the strain tensor. Simulated IVUS images of coronary lesions with known material properties and known stress fields were used to validate the new iMOD algorithm and assess its robustness and performance in detection and quantification of VPs. The results demonstrate promising beneﬁts of the new optimized iMOD-LSME clinical imaging method for VP detection.
Erratum: Study of GaN thin layers subjected to high-temperature rapid thermal annealing [Semiconductors 32, No. 10, 1048 (October 1998)] (1998)

RHTA was performed in a quartz reactor at a temperature
Quantifying the contribution of lubrication oil carbon to particulate emissions from a diesel engine (2003)

The contribution of lubrication oil to particulate matter (PM) emissions from a Cummins B5.9 Diesel engine was measured using accelerator mass spectrometry to trace carbon isotope concentrations. The engine operated at fixed medium load (285 N-m (210 ft.lbs.) at 1600 rpm) used 100% biodiesel fuel (8100) with a contemporary carbon-14 ({sup 14}C) concentration of 103 amol {sup 14}C mg C. The {sup 14}C concentration of the exhaust CO{sub 2} and PM were 102 and 99 amol {sup 14}C/mg C, respectively. The decrease in {sup 14}C content in the CO, and PM are due to the consumption of lubrication oil which is {sup 14}C-free. Approximately 4% of the carbon in PM came from lubrication oil under these operating conditions.
Automated Spectral Smoothing with Spatially Adaptive Penalized Least Squares (2011)

A variety of data smoothing techniques exist to address the issue of noise in spectroscopic data. The vast majority, however, require parameter specification by a knowledgeable user, which is typically accomplished by trial and error. In most situations, optimized parameters represent a compromise between noise reduction and signal preservation. In this work, we demonstrate a nonparametric regression approach to spectral smoothing using a spatially adaptive penalized least squares (SAPLS) approach. An iterative optimization procedure is employed that permits gradual flexibility in the smooth fit when statistically significant trends based on multiscale statistics assuming white Gaussian noise are detected. With an estimate of the noise level in the spectrum the procedure is fully automatic with a specified confidence level for the statistics. Potential application to the heteroscedastic noise case is also demonstrated. Performance was assessed in simulations conducted on several synthetic spectra using traditional error measures as well as comparisons of local extrema in the resulting smoothed signals to those in the true spectra. For the simulated spectra, a best case comparison with the Savitzky-Golay smoothing via an exhaustive parameter search was performed while the SAPLS method was assessed for automated application. The application to several dissimilar experimentally obtained Raman spectra is also presented.
Simultaneous Determination of Several Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites in Human Urine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography With Fluorescence Detection (2006)

Objective To develop a method for simultaneous determination of several metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) in urine, i.e. 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydoxyfluorene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene and 3-hydoxybenz[a]pyrene, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FLD). Methods The samples were hydrolyzed by enzyme first, then were purified and enriched by solid phase extraction (SPE), nitrogen dry, and then were determined with HPLC/FLD. Results Three samples were detected by this method. The detection limit were 1.65×10-3, 0.550, 0.084, 0.032 and 0.132 μg/L, and the linear ranges were 0.099-74.000, 0.900-680.000, 0.63-470.00, 1.3-940.0, 1.7-1200.0 μg/L for 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydoxyfluorene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene, and 3-hydoxybenz[a]pyrene respectively. The recovery rates was 29.41%-132.11%. RSD within the day was 1.01%-6.27%. RSD between days was 2.23%-11.90%. Conclusion The established method for simultaneous detection of 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydoxyfluorene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene, and 3-hydoxybenz[a]pyrene in human urine is sensitive, reproducible with high precision and good recoveries and suitable for the biomonitoring of PAH exposure.
Analysis of the Molecular Networks in Androgen Dependent and Independent Prostate Cancer Revealed Fragile and Robust Subsystems (2010)

Androgen ablation therapy is currently the primary treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. Unfortunately, in nearly all cases, androgen ablation fails to permanently arrest cancer progression. As androgens like testosterone are withdrawn, prostate cancer cells lose their androgen sensitivity and begin to proliferate without hormone growth factors. In this study, we constructed and analyzed a mathematical model of the integration between hormone growth factor signaling, androgen receptor activation, and the expression of cyclin D and Prostate-Specific Antigen in human LNCaP prostate adenocarcinoma cells. The objective of the study was to investigate which signaling systems were important in the loss of androgen dependence. The model was formulated as a set of ordinary differential equations which described 212 species and 384 interactions, including both the mRNA and protein levels for key species. An ensemble approach was chosen to constrain model parameters and to estimate the impact of parametric uncertainty on model predictions. Model parameters were identified using 14 steady-state and dynamic LNCaP data sets taken from literature sources. Alterations in the rate of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase expression was sufficient to capture varying levels of androgen dependence. Analysis of the model provided insight into the importance of network components as a function of androgen dependence. The importance of androgen receptor availability and the MAPK/Akt signaling axes was independent of androgen status. Interestingly, androgen receptor availability was important even in androgen-independent LNCaP cells. Translation became progressively more important in androgen-independent LNCaP cells. Further analysis suggested a positive synergy between the MAPK and Akt signaling axes and the translation of key proliferative markers like cyclin D in androgen-independent cells. Taken together, the results support the targeting of both the Akt and MAPK pathways. Moreover, the analysis suggested that direct targeting of the translational machinery, specifically eIF4E, could be efficacious in androgen-independent prostate cancers.
Quantitative evidence for the mechanism of RNA cleavage by enzyme mimics. Cleavage and isomerization of UpU by morpholine buffers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative evidence for the mechanism of RNA cleavage by enzyme mimics. Cleavage and isomerization of UpU by morpholine buffersRonald Breslow and Ruo XuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 23, 10705–10713Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00076a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00076a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Predicting performance on SMPs. A case study: the SGI Power Challenge (2002)

We study the issue of performance prediction on the SGI-Power Challenge, a typical SMP. On such a platform, the cost of memory accesses depends on their locality and on contention among processors. By running a carefully designed suite of microbenchmarks, we provide quantitative evidence that memory hierarchy effects impact performance far more substantially than other phenomena related to contention. We also fit three cost functions based on variants of the BSP model, which do not account for the hierarchy, and a newly defined function F expressed in terms of hardware counters, which captures both memory hierarchy and contention effects. We test the accuracy of all the functions on both synthetic and application benchmarks showing that, unlike the other functions, F achieves an excellent level of accuracy in all cases. Although hardware counters are only available at run-time, we give evidence that function F can still be employed as a prediction tool by extrapolating values of the counters from pilot runs on small input sizes.
Effects of Charge Double Layer and Colloidal Aggregation on the Isotropic−Nematic Transition of Protein Fibers in Water (2010)

We investigate the effects of variable linear charge density and Debye length on the mesoscopic properties of beta-lactoglobulin fibers in water, by changing the pH and ionic strength, respectively. We determine the isotropic-nematic (I-N) transition by cross-polarized microscopy and quantify by atomic force microscopy the increasing tendency of the fibers to aggregate upon raising ionic strength. We then compare experimental I-N transitions with theoretical expected values based on Onsager theory. Unlike previous reports on lyotropic liquid crystalline behavior of protein fibers, we show that, if double layer effects and aggregation of fibers are correctly included directly in the second virial coefficient and excluded volume, Onsager theory accurately predicts the experimental I-N transition versus pH and ionic strength.
Energy and momentum deposition from pulsed optical lattices to nonionized gases (2007)

Nonresonant interaction of an optical lattice created by two counterpropagating laser fields with gas molecules is studied with the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. Energy and momentum deposition from lattice to gas in the collision regime are examined and the ability of a lattice to increase gas temperature to thousands of kelvins in a single pulse is shown.
Comparison of Properties and Structures of Compact and Conventional Spun Yarns (2006)

The properties and structural parameters of compact and conventional ring yarns produced at five different twist levels were compared. A modified version of the tracer fiber technique ( J. Textile Inst., 43, T60-T66, 1952) combined with the Image Analysis Application Version 3.0 (B.A.R.N. Engineering) was utilized to explore yarn structure. Results obtained from these analyses showed that the high tenacity values of compact yarns can be attributed to the higher rate and amplitude of fiber migration in these yarns compared to those in conventional ring yarns. Another important finding was the superiority of compact yarns in terms of tensile properties is less noticeable at higher twist levels and in 50/50 polyester/cotton blend.
A multilevel approach to understanding the resurgence and evolution of infectious syphilis in Western Europe (2004)

Nearly eight years after an outbreak of infectious syphilis was first reported in Bristol, England, successive outbreaks have occurred in most western European countries. In this issue of Eurosurveillance we take a look at the recent resurgence and evolution of infectious syphilis in seven European countries in order to critically review our understanding of its epidemiology, and to examine opportunities for directing interventions in the near future. The papers also provide some insight into the multilevel, multifactorial causation of syphilis epidemics, and how this may be changing over time in the presence of preventive interventions.
Compound eye shaped flexible organic image sensor with a tunable visual field (2005)

We developed a compound-eye-shaped flexible organic image sensor composed of a flexible microlens array and pentacene-based organic photo sensors on a flexible substrate. Sixteen sets of a photo sensor and a microlens were aligned on a flexible film. This device worked as a flexible thin camera zooming in and out by changing its curvature. We took two images with the device on cylinders 80 mm and 40 mm in diameter to demonstrate the zooming-in and out function, respectively.