gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypointense Hepatic Lesions Depicted on Gadobenate Dimeglumine-Enhanced Three-Hour Delayed Hepatobiliary-Phase MR Imaging: Differentiation between Benignancy and Malignancy (2009)

Gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging simultaneously provides both morphological and functional information by the acquisition of dynamic and hepatobiliary-phase imaging. Focal lesions with no functioning hepatocytes, where hepatobiliary metabolism is blocked or inhibited, are generally unable to uptake and excrete gadobenate dimeglumine into the bile. Such lesions are typically malignant and usually appear hypointense as compared to the normal liver parenchyma as seen on hepatobiliary-phase imaging. However, various benign hepatic lesions may also be hypointense due to (a) the presence of no functioning hepatocytes, (b) damage to the functioning hepatocytes or (c) impairment of biliary function as depicted on hepatobiliary-phase imaging. All of these imaging features may result in recognition of the benign hepatic lesions as hepatic malignancies. As depicted on three-hour delayed hepatobiliary-phase imaging, peripheral iso/hyperintensity due to fibrotic tissue compared to the hypointense center with a fuzzy margin may be a clue for the presence of a benign hepatic lesion. In contrast, peripheral hypointensity due to rich tumoral cellularity compared to the center with a clear margin may favor an indication of the presence of a malignant hepatic lesion.
Energy-aware morphable cache management for self-powered non-volatile processors (2017)

Wearable, implantable and Internet of Things devices are attracting increasing attention from both research and industry. Energy harvesting is a promising alternative of battery to power these embedded systems. However, the intrinsic instability of energy harvesting systems leads to potential frequent power interruptions. In order to survive the power failures, non-volatile processor (NVP) is proposed to back up volatile information before power depletion and recover the system status after power resumes. Non-volatile memory (NVM) is typically attached for cache and main memory backup. There are researches working on optimization of the backup, however, little of them involve multiple level cell (MLC) NVM. In this work, we first discuss the benefit of applying MLC NVM for cache backup, and then propose a three-stage energy-aware cache management strategy to improve the system performance and energy utilization while guaranteeing successful backups. Evaluation shows that the proposed scheme can achieve 16.7% energy reduction with comparative performance with the single level cell (SLC) based hybrid cache.
A novel vibration-induced exercise paradigm improves fitness and lipid metabolism of Caenorhabditis elegans (2018)

Exercise has been known to reduce the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome, but the mechanisms underlying many exercise benefits remain unclear. This is, in part, due to a lack of exercise paradigms in invertebrate model organisms that would allow rapid mechanistic studies to be conducted. Here we report a novel exercise paradigm in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) that can be implemented under standard laboratory conditions. Mechanical stimulus in the form of vibration was transduced to C. elegans grown on solid agar media using an acoustic actuator. One day post-exercise, the exercised animals showed greater physical fitness compared to the un-exercised controls. Despite having higher mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, no mitohormetic adaptations and lifespan extension were observed in the exercised animals. Nonetheless, exercised animals showed lower triacylglycerides (TAG) accumulation than the controls. Among the individual TAG species, the most significant changes were found in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid residues. Such alteration resulted in an overall lower double bond index and peroxidation index which measure susceptibility towards lipid peroxidation. These observations are consistent with findings from mammalian exercise literature, suggesting that exercise benefits are largely conserved across different animal models.
Current Landscape of Imaging and the Potential Role for Artificial Intelligence in the Management of COVID-19 (2020)

The clinical management of COVID-19 is challenging. Medical imaging plays a critical role in the early detection, clinical monitoring and outcomes assessment of this disease. Chest x-ray radiography and computed tomography) are the standard imaging modalities used for the structural assessment of the disease status, while functional imaging (namely, positron emission tomography) has had limited application. Artificial intelligence can enhance the predictive power and utilization of these imaging approaches and new approaches focusing on detection, stratification and prognostication are showing encouraging results. We review the current landscape of these imaging modalities and artificial intelligence approaches as applied in COVID-19 management.
Feature extraction in the analysis of proteomic mass spectra (2006)

may contribute to the observed mitogenic and anti-apoptotic paracrine activity of p21-expressing cells" and NOT p22-expressing cells as it says.
Economic models for management of resources in peer-to-peer and grid computing (2022)

The accelerated development in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and Grid computing has positioned them as promising next generation computing platforms. They enable the creation of Virtual Enterprises (VE) for sharing resources distributed across the world. However, resource management, application development and usage models in these environments is a complex undertaking. This is due to the geographic distribution of resources that are owned by different organizations or peers. The resource owners of each of these resources have different usage or access policies and cost models, and varying loads and availability. In order to address complex resource management issues, we have proposed a computational economy framework for resource allocation and for regulating supply and demand in Grid computing environments. The framework provides mechanisms for optimizing resource provider and consumer objective functions through trading and brokering services. In a real world market, there exist various economic models for setting the price for goods based on supply-and-demand and their value to the user. They include commodity market, posted price, tenders and auctions. In this paper, we discuss the use of these models for interaction between Grid components in deciding resource value and the necessary infrastructure to realize them. In addition to normal services offered by Grid computing systems, we need an infrastructure to support interaction protocols, allocation mechanisms, currency, secure banking, and enforcement services. Furthermore, we demonstrate the usage of some of these economic models in resource brokering through Nimrod/G deadline and cost-based scheduling for two different optimization strategies on the World Wide Grid (WWG) testbed that contains peer-to-peer resources located on five continents: Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America.
A low ripple power supply for high-current magnet load (1994)

The magnet power supplies provide precisely controlled current to the magnets in particle accelerators. As the research in high-energy physics progresses, the required precision of the magnet current is increasing rapidly. Existing magnet power supplies for high-current applications cannot meet the present and future demands. This paper proposes a new magnet power supply for high-current magnets. The proposed system integrates a switch-mode ripple regulator with a phase-controlled rectifier. The results from this paper indicate that the proposed system can provide a magnet current with less than 10 ppm harmonic content and can be expected to have fast dynamic response. In this paper, the general description of the power circuit and system control configuration is presented. Fourier analysis is applied to investigate the harmonic content of the magnet current. The theoretical analysis is verified experimentally. A design example is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Role of DNase and EDTA on DNA Degradation in Formaldehyde Fixed Tissues (1996)

Degradation and extraction of high molecular weight DNA from formaldehyde fixed tissues suitable for gene analysis are presented. We previously reported that DNase might play an important role in the degradation of DNA extracted from formaldehyde fixed tissues (Tokuda et al. 1990). In the present study, DNase activity of the supernatant from rat tissues fixed in buffered formaldehyde at room temperature was negligible within 3 hr. Analysis of DNA extracted from reconstituted chromatin revealed that the degradation increased in the absence of DNase depending on the duration of the formaldehyde fixation. Furthermore, high molecular weight DNA could be extracted from tissues devoid of DNase activity fixed in buffered formaldehyde containing EDTA. These results demonstrated that DNA degradation was due mainly to a mechanism other than DNAse which was inhibited by EDTA. For clinical application, v-H-ras gene was successfully detected by Southern blotting from rat spleen tissues fixed in buffered formaldehyde especially at 4 C. Fixation at low temperature is useful for gene analysis.
Nuevos criterios de sepsis: ¿sustituyen o complementan lo conocido en la aproximación al enfermo infeccioso? (2017)

espanolRecientemente se han producido cambios profundos tanto en las definiciones de sepsis y shock septico como en los criterios diagnosticos establecidos para la practica clinica diaria. Ademas,se ha introducido una nueva herramienta de cribado para la identificacion de pacientes con riesgo de malos resultados a corto plazo, el qSOFA. Esta escala se ha acompanado de cierta controversia al presentar una menor sensibilidad que los criterios de respuesta inflamatoria sistemica utilizados previamente para la identificacion de estos pacientes. En el presente trabajo resumimos y analizamos los estudios mas importantes recientemente publicados en relacion con estos nuevos criterios. EnglishThere have recently been profound changes in both the definitions of sepsis and septic shock and the diagnostic criteria established for daily clinical practice. In addition, a new screening tool known as qSOFA has been introduced to identify patients at risk of a poor short-term outcome. This score has been accompanied by some controversy due to presenting a lower sensitivity than the systemic inflammatory response criteria previously used to identify such patients. In this article, we shall summarise and analyse the most important recently published studies in relation to these new criteria.
Conversion of Syringaldehyde to Sinapinic Acid through Knoevenagel-Doebner Condensation (2016)

Sinapinic acid is a widespread compound in vegetable material and is as such common in the human diet. Recently it has drawn attention because of its biological activities. Sinapinic acid can be synthesized from syringaldehyde via the Knoevenagel-Doebner condensation. However this reaction is limited by the formation of 4-vinylsyringol after a second decarboxylation. To gain more detailed information about this reaction and to improve control over the formation of sinapinic acid, the concentration time history of syringaldehyde and the reaction products of this reaction have been monitored over time at different reaction temperatures. The formation of 4-vinylsyringol was found to be inhibited by performing the reaction at temperature below 80°C. This allows the reaction to be optimized for the production of sinapinic acid, with an optimal yield of 78% after 2.5 hours at 70°C.
Expression of perforin on HIV-1-specific CD8+ lymphocytes after immunization with a gp120-depleted, whole-killed HIV-1 immunogen (2001)

We examined HIV-1 antigen specific intracellular expression of perforin on CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in subjects with chronic HIV-1 infection on antiviral drug therapy after immunization with a gp120-depleted, whole killed HIV-1 immunogen (inactivated, gp120-depleted HIV-1 in IFA, REMUNE). Based upon previous results, we hypothesized that the restoration of adequate T helper immune responses by vaccination against HIV-1 could result in the augmentation of CD8+ lymphocyte immune responses measured as perforin expression. In the current study we observed an increase in the frequency of perforin in CD8+ lymphocytes in HIV infected individuals immunized with a gp120-depleted HIV-1 immunogen while on antiviral drug therapy. Furthermore, the frequency of HIV-specific CD8+ perforin expressing cells correlated with the T helper immune response as measured by the lymphocyte proliferative response (LPR). The induction of such responses with immunization may have direct antiviral consequences and is being studied in ongoing clinical trials.
The first high oxidation state manganese–calcium cluster: relevance to the water oxidizing complex of photosynthesis (2004)

Synthetic entry has been achieved into high oxidation state Mn-Ca cluster chemistry with the preparation of [Mn(13)Ca(2)O(10)(OH)(2)(OMe)(2)(O(2)CPh)(18)(H(2)O)(4)]; the structure contains [Mn(4)CaO(4)] sub-units similar to that found in the photosynthetic water oxidizing complex.
Ring Opening of Persubstituted 4H-Thiopyran 1-Oxide During Chlorination (1994)

Chlorination of 3,5-dichloro-2,4,4,6-tetraphenyl-4H-thiopyran 1-oxide 3(CI2 in CS2,20°C) followed byalcoholysis (EtOH, MeOH) gives ethyl or methyl (1E,4E)-1,4,5-trichloro-1,3,3,5-tetraphenylpenta-1,4-diene-1-sulfinates 5 and 6, respectively; the structure of 5 has been determined by X-ray analysis.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of bradykinin B<SUB>2</SUB> receptors in the rabbit and the guinea pig (1996)

A comparative study has been performed in isolated organs and in anesthetized animals, rabbits, and guinea pigs, to evaluated the myotropic responses (in the organs) and the blood pressure changes (in the animals) induced by bradykinin (BK) and related peptides. Antagonist affinities have also been estimated in vitro in terms of PA2 and in vivo in terms of ID50, to characterize the kinin B2 receptors in the two species. Differences have been found both in the order of potency of agonists and in the affinity of antagonists: in fact, in the rabbit, [Hyp3]BK > [Aib7]BK, is the opposite order of what is found in the guinea pig, namely, [Aib7]BK < [Hyp3]BK, both in vitro and in vivo. Results obtained with antagonists also show important differences between the two species, since DArg[Hyp3, DPhe7, Leu8]BK is more active in the rabbit than in the guinea pig, while WIN-64338 is fairly active in the guinea pig and almost inactive in the rabbit. HOE-140, the long-acting antagonist of the B2 receptor, shows similar affinities in vitro in the two species. In another series of experiments, peptide degradation by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) has been investigated to see whether the differences of potency observed between certain peptides interacting with the B2 receptor were due to metabolic degradation. When incubated in the presence of pure ACE from rabbit lung, BK,[Hyp3]BK, and des Arg9BK are readily degraded, while [Aib7]BK, HOE-140, and DArg[Hyp3, DPhe7, Leu8]BK are not. When applied intravenously (i.v.), to obtain degradation by the lung, and intraarterially (i.a.), to avoid such degradation, the effect of BK (i.v.) is markedly reduced (compared with the effect i.a.), while no difference is observed for [Aib7]BK. Thus, despite its resistance to degradation by ACE, [Aib7]BK shows very little activity in the rabbit, suggesting that the major cause in the variation of affinities observed between kinin analogs is related to their pharmacodynamic properties. Taken together, the results speak strongly in favor of the existence of B2 receptor subtypes in the peripheral circulation of the rabbit and the guinea pig. Results obtained in vivo, both in pharmacological and biochemical experiments, are in accord with the findings obtained in isolated organs and with purified ACE enzyme.
A generalized grid connectivity–based parameterization for subsurface flow model calibration (2011)

We develop a novel method of parameterization for spatial hydraulic property characterization to mitigate the challenges associated with the nonlinear inverse problem of subsurface flow model calibration. The parameterization is performed by the projection of the estimable hydraulic property field onto an orthonormal basis derived from the grid connectivity structure. The basis functions represent the modal shapes or harmonics of the grid, are defined by a modal frequency, and converge to special cases of the discrete Fourier series under certain grid geometries and boundary assumptions; therefore, hydraulic property updates are performed in the spectral domain and merge with Fourier analysis in ideal cases. Dependence on the grid alone implies that the basis may characterize any grid geometry, including corner point and unstructured, is model independent, and is constructed off‐line and only once prior to flow data assimilation. We apply the parameterization in an adaptive multiscale model calibration workflow for three subsurface flow models. Several different grid geometries are considered. In each case the prior hydraulic property model is updated using a parameterized multiplier field that is superimposed onto the grid and assigned an initial value of unity at each cell. The special case corresponding to a constant multiplier is always applied through the constant basis function. Higher modes are adaptively employed during minimization of data misfit to resolve multiscale heterogeneity in the geomodel. The parameterization demonstrates selective updating of heterogeneity at locations and spatial scales sensitive to the available data, otherwise leaving the prior model unchanged as desired.
Novel cis -Acting Element within the Capsid-Coding Region Enhances Flavivirus Viral-RNA Replication by Regulating Genome Cyclization (2013)

cis-Acting elements in the viral genome RNA (vRNA) are essential for the translation, replication, and/or encapsidation of RNA viruses. In this study, a novel conserved cis-acting element was identified in the capsid-coding region of mosquito-borne flavivirus. The downstream of 5' cyclization sequence (5'CS) pseudoknot (DCS-PK) element has a three-stem pseudoknot structure, as demonstrated by structure prediction and biochemical analysis. Using dengue virus as a model, we show that DCS-PK enhances vRNA replication and that its function depends on its secondary structure and specific primary sequence. Mutagenesis revealed that the highly conserved stem 1 and loop 2, which are involved in potential loop-helix interactions, are crucial for DCS-PK function. A predicted loop 1-stem 3 base triple interaction is important for the structural stability and function of DCS-PK. Moreover, the function of DCS-PK depends on its position relative to the 5'CS, and the presence of DCS-PK facilitates the formation of 5'-3' RNA complexes. Taken together, our results reveal that the cis-acting element DCS-PK enhances vRNA replication by regulating genome cyclization, and DCS-PK might interplay with other cis-acting elements to form a functional vRNA cyclization domain, thus playing critical roles during the flavivirus life cycle and evolution.
Submarine groundwater discharge data at meter scale (223Ra, 224Ra, 226Ra, 228Ra and 222Rn) in Indian River Bay (Delaware, US) (2019)

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) was sampled at high-spatial resolution in Indian River Bay, DE, USA, in July 2016 to characterize the spatial variability of the activity of the radium and radon isotopes commonly used to estimate SGD. These data were part of an investigation into the methods and challenges of characterizing SGD rates and variability, especially in the coastal aquifer transition from freshwater to saltwater (Hydrogeological processes and near shore spatial variability of radium and radon isotopes for the characterization of submarine groundwater discharge (Duque et al., 2019)). Samples were collected with seepage meters and minipiezometers to obtain sufficient volumes for analytical characterization. Seepage meter samples (for <sup>223</sup>Ra, <sup>224</sup>Ra, <sup>226</sup>Ra, and <sup>228</sup>Ra) were collected at two-hour intervals over a semi-diurnal tidal cycle from 30 seepage meters. Samples for <sup>222</sup>Rn characterization were collected with a minipiezometer from 25 cm below the bay bed at each seepage meter location. All samples were analyzed with standard and state of the art procedures.
Embeddable fiber optic strain sensor for structural monitoring (2013)

An extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric (EFPI) fiber optic sensor is presented for measurement of strain at high ambient temperatures. The sensor is fabricated using a femto-second (fs) laser. The EFPI sensor is fabricated by micromachining a cavity on the tip of a standard single-mode fiber and is then self-enclosed by fusion splicing another piece of singlemode fiber. The fs-laser based fabrication makes the sensor thermally stable to sustain temperatures as high as 800 &deg;C. The sensor is relatively insensitive towards the temperature as compared to its response towards the applied strain. The sensor can be embedded in Carbon fiber/Bismaleimide (BMI) composite laminates for strain monitoring at high ambient temperatures.
Spectroscopic studies of mass selected clusters of Sr+ solvated by H2O and D2O (1999)

In this paper we present the results of spectroscopic studies on mass selected Sr+(H2O)n, n=1–4 and Sr+(D2O)n, n=1–6 clusters. Mass spectra of nascent clusters formed in our laser vaporization source show that hydrated metal ion species are predominant for n⩽4. Clusters larger than this size are more abundant in the hydrogen loss form SrOH+(H2O)n−1. The cluster size at which the product switching occurs is slightly larger (n=5) in the deuterated species. Photodissociation of all clusters results in both ligand loss and H/D atom loss occurring via an intracluster reaction. The monomer and dimer cluster species exhibit distinct absorption bands attributable to electronic excitation of the 5s valence electron of Sr+. Metal–ligand stretching frequencies are extracted from Franck–Condon progressions in the excited state. Spectroscopic parameters agree well with ab initio calculations [Bauschlicher et al., J. Chem. Phys. 96, 4453 (1992), and Sodupe et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 212, 624 (1993)]. Analysis of the product branching ratios allows us to conclude that, when below the threshold for excited state dissociation, rapid internal conversion followed by an intracluster reaction preferentially occurs on the ground state surface, while evaporation occurs primarily in the excited state. We find evidence in the spectral profiles of clusters with n⩾3 for a consistent “substructure” characterized by a pπ state lacking σ-type interactions with the ligand molecules.
System-level actuator testing for mars rover application (2018)

The Mars 2020 mission utilizes heritage designs from the Mars Science Laboratory rover, while integrating new actuators for the Sample Caching Subsystem (SCS). The Motion Control Subsystem system-level test program was executed to identify potential areas of risk as well as qualify actuators and the Rover Motor Controller Assembly (RMCA). Actuators were tested in a flight-like configuration in a thermal chamber at ambient temperature, +70 °C, and -70 °C. The tests performed include Winding Resistance, Brake Disengage/Engage, Startup/Halt Sensitivity, No Load, Cogging Profile/Powered Torque Ripple, and Dynamometer. The test setups and methods for understanding results were outlined. Early test results identified areas of risk which resulted in an engineering change: a new RMCA FPGA rate estimator algorithm and changes to the controller conductance loop. The continuation of this testing and future work will inform development of flight software and operational procedure.