gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roll‐to‐Roll Fabrication of Multilayer Films for High Capacity Optical Data Storage (2012)

3D Optical data storage is demonstrated in co-extruded multilayer films using organic materials. Co-extrusion is able to produce films on a much larger scale at a much lower cost than current methods. The material compatibility and mechanical flexibility allow for new data formats with higher capacities to be realized. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Characterization of phenol-formaldehyde prepolymer resins by in line FT-IR spectroscopy (2015)

Different resol phenol-formaldehyde prepolymer resins have been synthesized with different formaldehyde / phenol ratios. The phenolic resin composition depends on monomer ratio, catalyst, reaction conditions, and residual free monomers. Temperature and pH conditions under which reactions of phenols with formaldehyde are carried out have a profound effect on the characteristics of the resulting products. Three reaction sequences must be considered: formaldehyde addition to phenol, chain growth or prepolymer formation and finally the crosslinking or curing reaction. Two prepolymer types are obtained depending on pH, novolacs in an acidic pH region whereas resols by alkaline reaction. Resol resins are synthesized with a molar excess of formaldehyde (1<F/P<3). These are mono- or polynuclear hydroxymethylphenols which are stable at room temperatures, but are transformed into three dimensional, cross linked, insoluble and infusible polymers by the application of heat. An ATR-FTIR spectrometry technique (ReactIR 4000) with light conduit and diamond-composite sensor was used to perform in-line monitoring of phenol-formaldehyde prepolymer synthesis. This technique was found to be ideal for determining residual free phenol and formaldehyde, individual phenol and formaldehyde conversions and prepolymer composition changes as a function of time when the condensation reaction was carried out. The kinetics data obtained through the ReactIR 4000 in-line reaction analysis system agreed well with those determined by the traditional titration method. ReactIR technology replaces time consuming and inaccurate off-line methodology.
Antireflection Coatings and Reflectivity Control (2010)

As the exposure radiation propagates from the mask to the resist in the form of the aerial image, it encounters interfaces between the exposure medium (vacuum, air, or liquid in the case of immersion lithography) and the top resist surface, as well as between the bottom surface of the resist and the substrate. At each of the resist interfaces, transmission and reflection of the exposure radiation take place to varying degrees, depending largely on the absorbance of the resist. A major aspect of the image in the resist derives from the reflections off the substrate (or films coated on the substrate). The total energy in the resist is the sum of the downwardpropagating image and the upward-propagating reflected image. The interference of these two images is dependent on the thickness of the resist, as well as that of other films above or below it. Two consequences of interference include standing waves (a sinusoidal variation of dose through the thickness of the resist) and swing curves (a sinusoidal dependence of the energy coupled into the resist as a function of the resist thickness). Both standing waves and swing curve effects pose significant problems that negatively impact critical dimension control and significantly degrade depth of focus and exposure latitude. These problems are particularly acute in lithographic regimes where the resolution targets are significantly smaller than the wavelength of the exposure radiation, requiring tight critical dimension control. They are also acute for high-contrast resists. Materials that suppress reflectivity from the substrate-otherwise called antireflection coatings-were developed to mitigate these problems, in particular, swing curve effects (see the section on antireflection coatings below). In addition, these materials can help to reduce the effects of topographical variations; they also help to improve postexposure delay stability, and can help to mitigate missing contact problems, as well as scumming. Furthermore, the adoption of optical proximity correction (OPC) across several layers, starting in the 180-nm technology node, greatly accelerated the adoption of antireflection coatings because OPC programs do not account for substrate reflectivity; it is implicitly assumed in these programs that substrate reflectivity is nonexistent. Still further, pattern collapse due to capillary forces during solvent development becomes acute in the regime of subwavelength resolution lithography. Often resulting from the loss of adhesion at the base of the feature on account of the high aspect ratio associated with features in these subwavelength lithographic regimes, these features literally tumble over. To mitigate this problem, antireflection coatings are therefore designed to have good adhesion to the resist; such antireflection coatings are interposed between the resist layer and the substrate.
Dystonia as a presenting sign of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (2004)

We report on a 39-year-old man who presented initially with marked blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia and retrocollis and one year later developed mild ataxia. Our findings suggest that dystonia can be a disabling presenting sign of SCA1 and support the clinical heterogeneity of SCA1, highlighting the importance of considering this entity in patients combining dystonia and cerebellar ataxia.
Lactic acid production from date juice usinglactobacillus casei ATCC 393in batch fermentation (2017)

Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 was employed as a fermentative organism to convert sugars from date juice into lactic acid. Both glucose and fructose in date juice were fermented directly without any pretreatment. The influences of supplementation of yeast extract and date juice concentration on some fermentation parameters, such as: cell growth rate, sugar conversion, productivity and yield, were investigated using this bacterium in batch fermentation. The results showed that by adding yeast extract about 20g/l in a date juice medium, the maximum specific growth rate of bacteria (μm) enhanced from 0.1229 to 0.1819 g/l. Meanwhile, increasing date juice concentration from 86.6942 to 158.9181 and 229.5367 g/l enhanced the μm from 0.1819 to 0.2107 and 0.1916 g/l, respectively. It indicated that the optimum value for μm is 0.2107 g/l in this concentration range. In the date juice concentration of 158.9181 g/l, the optimum lactic acid can be produced is 117.8301 g/l with yield of 92.685% for 48 h.
Non-destructive measurement of the degree of cross-linking of EVA solar module encapsulation (2011)

A novel technique was developed to correlate the degree of cross-linking in laminated ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) solar encapsulation with the cured EVA viscoelastic response by means of a compressive stress relaxation measurement. The technique was demonstrated on mini-modules fabricated with two different commercially available EVA encapsulants and four different commercially available backsheets. The indentation test was found to be most sensitive at elevated temperature and it was possible to predict the gel content of low, medium, and high cross-linked samples to at least a 95% confidence level. Furthermore, the method was found to be nondestructive and can be applied to photovoltaic modules after lamination, enabling a rapid metrology technique for process and quality control in module manufacturing.
An energy/security scalable encryption processor using an embedded variable voltage DC/DC converter (1998)

Security concerns for battery-operated wireless systems require the development of energy-efficient data-encryption techniques that can adapt to the time-varying data rates and quality-of-service requirements inherent in a wireless application. This work describes the design and implementation of a configurable encryption processor that allows the security provided to be traded off with respect to the energy that is dissipated to encrypt a bit. The processor features an embedded high-efficiency variable-output DC/DC converter that allows the supply voltage to be dynamically varied to match the time-varying throughput and quality requirements of the data stream being encrypted. The resulting processor consumes 134 mW at 2.5 V when encrypting data at a rate of 1 Mb/s using a maximum bit width of 512 bits. The converter efficiency is 96% at the peak load of 134 mW. A comparison of our processor to a software implementation running on a low-power programmable processor shows that our implementation is two to three orders of magnitude more energy efficient.
GPS enabled employee registration and attendance tracking system (2015)

GPS enables a management to maintain Staff attendance and employee registration through mobile application, this application facilitates the staffs to login through mobile phone and track other staff members' whereabouts through mobile phone. In the present scenario manual registration through biometric systems is commonly in practice. The staff will be kept on informed about their attendance constantly by the admin when they login and log out so that the staff can keep a track on their attendance by using this application. The admin can track the location of any staff member using latitude, longitude and IMSI number.
3-Fluoro-2-mercuri-6-methylaniline Nucleotide as a High-Affinity Nucleobase-Specific Hybridization Probe (2019)

A 3-fluoro-6-methylaniline nucleoside was synthesized and incorporated into an oligonucleotide, and its ability to form mercury-mediated base pairs was studied. UV melting experiments revealed increased duplex stability with thymine, guanine, and cytosine opposite to the probe and a clear nucleobase-specific binding preference (T > G > C > A). Moreover, the 3-fluoro group was utilized as a spin label that showed distinct <sup>19</sup>F NMR resonance shifts depending on the complementary nucleobase, providing more detailed information on Hg(II)-mediated base pairing.
Cavity-enhanced detection of transient absorption signals (2020)

We present a simple, high-duty-cycle, cavity-enhanced optical absorption measurement technique based on delay-limited Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) sideband locking. The chosen circuit naturally provides realtime readout of the amplitude quadrature of the PDH error signal, which can be mapped onto the cavity’s internal loss rate while using the phase quadrature to lock sideband frequency to the cavity mode. Our proofof-concept device comprises a 5-cm-long Fabry-Perot cavity with a 450 kHz bandwidth (finesse 6800, 350 ns power ringdown), and a feedback bandwidth of several MHz, limited primarily by the group delay of our electronics. This technique could readily be applied to other optical resonators such as fiber cavities, with potential applications in radiation dosimetry.
A CTCF-independent role for cohesin in tissue-specific transcription (2010)

The cohesin protein complex holds sister chromatids in dividing cells together and is essential for chromosome segregation. Recently, cohesin has been implicated in mediating transcriptional insulation, via its interactions with CTCF. Here, we show in different cell types that cohesin functionally behaves as a tissue-specific transcriptional regulator, independent of CTCF binding. By performing matched genome-wide binding assays (ChIP-seq) in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), we discovered thousands of genomic sites that share cohesin and estrogen receptor alpha (ER) yet lack CTCF binding. By use of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), we found that liver-specific transcription factors colocalize with cohesin independently of CTCF at liver-specific targets that are distinct from those found in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, estrogen-regulated genes are preferentially bound by both ER and cohesin, and functionally, the silencing of cohesin caused aberrant re-entry of breast cancer cells into cell cycle after hormone treatment. We combined chromosomal interaction data in MCF-7 cells with our cohesin binding data to show that cohesin is highly enriched at ER-bound regions that capture inter-chromosomal loop anchors. Together, our data show that cohesin cobinds across the genome with transcription factors independently of CTCF, plays a functional role in estrogen-regulated transcription, and may help to mediate tissue-specific transcriptional responses via long-range chromosomal interactions.
Mats Arvidsson: Ett tonalt välordnat samhälle eller anarki? Estetiska och sociala aspekter på svensk konstmusik 1945-1960 (2008)

Mats Arvidsson: Ett tonalt valordnat samhalle eller anarki? Estetiska och sociala aspekter pa svensk konstmusik 1945-1960
1H NMR detection of small molecules in human urine with a deep cavitand synthetic receptor (2012)

A water-soluble deep cavitand recognized alkylammonium salts, including the drug amantadine hydrochloride, in spiked samples of human urine. The signals of the guests are detected by (1)H NMR upfield of 0 ppm and so occur in a spectroscopic window that is outside of the normal region and distinct from the signals of the biofluid components.
ChemInform Abstract: TOBACCO CHEMISTRY. 52. SEVEN NEW NORCEMBRANOIDS ISOLATED FROM GREEK TOBACCO (1981)

Abstract Anhand spektroskopischer und chemischer Untersuchungen wurden für die aus dem griechischen Tabak isolierten Stoffe die Strukturen (I), (II), (III), (IVa), (IVb), (V) und (VI) ermittelt.
Damage dosimetry and embrittlement monitoring of nuclear pressure vessels in real time by magnetic properties measurement (1992)

The objective of this project is to develop a technique for real-time monitoring of neutron dose and of the onset and progression of embrittlement in operating nuclear pressure vessels. The technique relies on the measurement of magnetic properties of steel and other magnetic materials which are extremely sensitive to radiation-induced properties changes. The approach being developed here is innovative and unique. It promises to be readily applicable to all existing and planned reactor structures. The significance of this program is that it addresses a major concern in the operation of existing nuclear pressure vessels. The development of microscopic defect clusters during irradiation in the nuclear pressure vessel beltline region leads to an increase in material yield strength and a concomitant decrease in ductility, or ability to absorb energy in fracture (i.e. fracture toughness). This decrease in fracture toughness is alarming since it may impair the ability of the pressure vessel to resist fracture during unusual loading situations.
Distribute machine learning (2007)

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Alanyl-tRNA Synthetase Quality Control Prevents Global Dysregulation of the Escherichia coli Proteome (2019)

Mechanisms have evolved to prevent errors in replication, transcription, and translation of genetic material, with translational errors occurring most frequently. Errors in protein synthesis can occur at two steps, during tRNA aminoacylation and ribosome decoding. Recent advances in protein mass spectrometry have indicated that previous reports of translational errors have potentially underestimated the frequency of these events, but also that the majority of translational errors occur during ribosomal decoding, suggesting that aminoacylation errors are evolutionarily less tolerated. Despite that interpretation, there is evidence that some aminoacylation errors may be regulated, and thus provide a benefit to the cell, while others are clearly detrimental. Here, we show that while it has been suggested that regulated Thr-to-Ser substitutions may be beneficial, there is a threshold beyond which these errors are detrimental. In contrast, we show that errors mediated by alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) are not well tolerated and induce a global stress response that leads to gross perturbation of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> proteome, with potentially catastrophic effects on fitness and viability. Tolerance for Ala mistranslation appears to be much lower than with other translational errors, consistent with previous reports of multiple proofreading mechanisms targeting mischarged tRNA<sup>Ala</sup> These results demonstrate the essential role of aminoacyl-tRNA proofreading in optimizing cellular fitness and suggest that any potentially beneficial effects of mistranslation may be confined to specific amino acid substitutions.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Errors in protein synthesis have historically been assumed to be detrimental to the cell. While there are many reports that translational errors are consequential, there is a growing body of evidence that some mistranslation events may be tolerated or even beneficial. Using two models of mistranslation, we compare the direct phenotypic effects of these events in <i>Escherichia coli</i> This work provides insight into the threshold for tolerance of specific mistranslation events that were previously predicted to be broadly neutral to proteome integrity. Furthermore, these data reveal the effects of mistranslation beyond the general unfolded stress response, leading to global translational reprogramming.
Quantitative serology for SARS-CoV-2 using self-collected saliva and finger-stick blood (2022)

Convenient and widespread serology testing may alter the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study seeks to leverage high-throughput, multiplexed serologic assays, which have been adopted as benchmarks for vaccine efficacy, to support large-scale surveys of SARS-CoV-2 immunity using finger-stick blood and/or saliva. Specifically, we optimized MSD's serology assays, which were analytically validated for serum, to test self-collected finger-stick blood and saliva samples to identify prior infection. We show that these assays can be used with FDA-registered specimen collection devices to obtain quantitative measurements for self-collected samples. First, we show that salivary antibodies are stable without refrigeration or preservatives for at least 5 days. We selected classification thresholds for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 N, RBD and Spike in finger-stick blood and saliva that provided 98% specificity in a set of individuals without known COVID-19 exposure. Using matched samples, we show that testing of saliva and finger-stick blood equivalently identified individuals with humoral responses to CoV-2 antigens. Moreover, we piloted a simple saliva collection kit that can be used to safely send samples through the mail using written instructions only. This work establishes key parameters to robustly assay self-collected finger-stick blood and saliva using quantitative immunoassays that could support large-scale serology testing.
The self-assembly and metal adatom coordination of a linear bis-tetrazole ligand on Ag(111) (2018)

We employ a linear linker molecule consisting of a benzene functionalised with two tetrazole moieties at para positions. Its self-assembly and coordination with the native silver adatoms and codeposited Fe adatoms on a Ag(111) surface under ultra high vacuum conditions are investigated by means of scanning tunnelling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We discover a rich spectrum of room-temperature stable Ag and Fe2+ coordination nodes depending on the formation temperature.
Decoding the neural dynamics of within- and between-language lexical competition: A pediatric neurosurgical case report of a Spanish-English bilingual (2022)

Spoken word recognition proceeds by immediately activating items in the mental lexicon which match the incoming speech signal. These items compete for recognition over time. In multilinguals, the array of possible lexical competitors includes items across all their languages. Eye-tracking work indicates that the strength of early competitor activation relates to listeners’ proficiency: words from the dominant language outcompete those from the other(s). However, the neural mechanisms that give rise to this effect are not well known. We present a case study of a pediatric neurosurgical patient who was bilingual in English (nondominant) and Spanish (dominant). The participant passively listened to English and Spanish cohort competitors. We used machine learning techniques to decode within- and between-language lexical competition dynamics from the pattern of activity on the superior temporal plane. Spanish words were more robustly decodable than English words, regardless of their role as a target word (the actual word heard on a given trial) or as a competitor (the phonologically related word competing for activation). This is consistent with a Spanish-dominant system—corroborating evidence from eye-tracking—and suggests that activation of cohorts may be in part due to perceptual tuning of early auditory areas for the sounds of a language.
Developmental arrest of Drosophila larvae elicits presynaptic depression and enables prolonged studies of neurodegeneration (2020)

Synapses exhibit an astonishing degree of adaptive plasticity in healthy and disease states. We have investigated whether synapses also adjust to life stages imposed by novel developmental programs for which they were never molded by evolution. Under conditions in which <i>Drosophila</i> larvae are terminally arrested, we have characterized synaptic growth, structure and function at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Although wild-type larvae transition to pupae after 5 days, arrested third instar (ATI) larvae persist for 35 days, during which time NMJs exhibit extensive overgrowth in muscle size, presynaptic release sites and postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Remarkably, despite this exuberant growth, stable neurotransmission is maintained throughout the ATI lifespan through a potent homeostatic reduction in presynaptic neurotransmitter release. Arrest of the larval stage in <i>stathmin</i> mutants also reveals a degree of progressive instability and neurodegeneration that was not apparent during the typical larval period. Hence, an adaptive form of presynaptic depression stabilizes neurotransmission during an extended developmental period of unconstrained synaptic growth. More generally, the ATI manipulation provides a powerful system for studying neurodegeneration and plasticity across prolonged developmental timescales.