gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Death Protein 5 and p53-Upregulated Modulator of Apoptosis Mediate the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress–Mitochondrial Dialog Triggering Lipotoxic Rodent and Human β-Cell Apoptosis (2012)

Environmental factors such as diets rich in saturated fats contribute to dysfunction and death of pancreatic β-cells in diabetes. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is elicited in β-cells by saturated fatty acids. Here we show that palmitate-induced β-cell apoptosis is mediated by the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. By microarray analysis, we identified a palmitate-triggered ER stress gene expression signature and the induction of the BH3-only proteins death protein 5 (DP5) and p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA). Knockdown of either protein reduced cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis in rat and human β-cells. DP5 induction depends on inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)-dependent c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK)-induced activating transcription factor (ATF3) binding to its promoter. PUMA expression is also PERK/ATF3-dependent, through tribbles 3 (TRB3)-regulated AKT inhibition and FoxO3a activation. DP5(-/-) mice are protected from high fat diet-induced loss of glucose tolerance and have twofold greater pancreatic β-cell mass. This study elucidates the crosstalk between lipotoxic ER stress and the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis that causes β-cell death in diabetes.
Zinc as a possible preventive and therapeutic agent in pancreatic, prostate, and breast cancer (2015)

Zinc is a vital nutrient for human health. Over 300 biological functions in the human body rely on zinc. Even though zinc is incredibly important for our physiology and pathology, our current understanding of zinc, as it relates to tumor cell biology, leaves much to be desired. As with other natural, nonpatentable, and inexpensive agents, zinc remains a subject of explorative research for scientific interest rather than being promoted for practical use. To date, more than 5000 studies with the keywords 'zinc' and 'cancer' have been indexed in the Web of Knowledge portal. Although the numbers of papers have increased 2.5-fold during the last decade, these vast research data have not generated a single recommendation for the incorporation of zinc use in cancer prevention and treatment. In this review, we intend to analyze the current available research data and epidemiological and clinical evidence on the role of zinc in human cancer prevention and treatment. We focus on the cancers - prostate, breast, and pancreatic - for which the most basic and epidemiological studies with zinc have been carried out. The pancreas, and prostate and mammary glands are secretory tissues that have unusual zinc requirements; they tightly regulate zinc metabolism through integration of zinc import, sequestration, and export mechanisms. This suggests to us that zinc could play an important role in the physiology and pathology of these organs. The objective of this review was to stimulate more interest in the research field, focusing on the role of zinc as a possible preventive and therapeutic agent and the accelerated application of this inexpensive and easily accessible nutrient in clinical oncology.
HMGB1 released from nociceptors mediates inflammation (2021)

Inflammation, the body's primary defensive response system to injury and infection, is triggered by molecular signatures of microbes and tissue injury. These molecules also stimulate specialized sensory neurons, termed nociceptors. Activation of nociceptors mediates inflammation through antidromic release of neuropeptides into infected or injured tissue, producing neurogenic inflammation. Because HMGB1 is an important inflammatory mediator that is synthesized by neurons, we reasoned nociceptor release of HMGB1 might be a component of the neuroinflammatory response. In support of this possibility, we show here that transgenic nociceptors expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) directly release HMGB1 in response to light stimulation. Additionally, HMGB1 expression in neurons was silenced by crossing synapsin-Cre (Syn-Cre) mice with floxed HMGB1 mice (HMGB1<sup>f/f</sup>). When these mice undergo sciatic nerve injury to activate neurogenic inflammation, they are protected from the development of cutaneous inflammation and allodynia as compared to wild-type controls. Syn-Cre/HMGB1<sup>fl/fl</sup> mice subjected to experimental collagen antibody-induced arthritis, a disease model in which nociceptor-dependent inflammation plays a significant pathological role, are protected from the development of allodynia and joint inflammation. Thus, nociceptor HMGB1 is required to mediate pain and inflammation during sciatic nerve injury and collagen antibody-induced arthritis.
The presence of sinapyl lignin in Ginkgo biloba cell cultures changes our views of the evolution of lignin biosynthesis (2008)

Suspension cell cultures (SCCs) from one of the oldest seed plants, Ginkgo biloba, show unpredictable alterations in the nature of the lignins, such as is the recruitment of sinapyl alcohol for lignin biosynthesis, compared with the woody tissues of the same species, which lack syringyl (S) lignins. These results show that, in this gymnosperm, the genes involved in sinapyl alcohol biosynthesis are latent and that their regulatory regions respond, by initiating gene expression, to the developmental signals and the environmental clues, which condition its in vitro culture. G. biloba SCCs not only synthesize S lignins but also their extracellular proteome contains both class III peroxidases capable of oxidizing sinapyl alcohol and enzymes involved in H2O2 production, observation which suggests that the peroxidase branch for the oxidative coupling of sinapyl alcohol units into lignins is operative. The incomplete knowledge of the G. biloba peroxidase-encoding genes led us to purify, characterize and partially sequence the peroxidase responsible for monolignol oxidation. When the major peroxidase from G. biloba SCCs (GbPrx) was purified to homogeneity, it showed absorption maxima in the visible region at 414 (Soret band), and at 543 and 570 nm, which calls to mind those shown by low-spin ferric peroxidases. However, the results also showed that the paraperoxidase-like character of GbPrx is not an obstacle for oxidizing the three monolignols compared with high-spin ferric peroxidases. Taken together, these results mean that the time at which the evolutionary gain of the segment of the route that leads to the biosynthesis of S lignins took place in seed plants needs to be revised.
Detection of virulent Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli by induction of the 43 kDa invasion plasmid antigen, ipaC (1997)

The invasion plasmid antigen, ipaC (43 kDa) of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) could be induced in vitro by growing them in the presence of Congo red. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibodies to the 43 kDa protein of Shigella has been developed for specific detection of virulent Shigella spp and EIEC. The test is independent of initial isolation of individual colonies. As few as 102 CFU/ml of virulent Shigella present in mixed cultures could be detected and concurrently their susceptibility to antibiotics could be analysed after an initial growth of 8–16 h in Congo red-containing medium. The test may prove useful in the diagnosis and treatment of bacillary dysentery caused either by Shigella or EIEC through their rapid identification and proper antimicrobial therapy.
Data from Intraprostatic Androgens and Androgen-Regulated Gene Expression Persist after Testosterone Suppression: Therapeutic Implications for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the primary treatment for advanced prostate cancer. The efficacy of ADT has not been rigorously evaluated by demonstrating suppression of prostatic androgen activity at the target tissue and molecular level. We determined the efficacy and consistency of medical castration in suppressing prostatic androgen levels and androgen-regulated gene expression. Androgen levels and androgen-regulated gene expression (by microarray profiling, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and immunohistochemistry) were measured in prostate samples from a clinical trial of short-term castration (1 month) using the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, Acyline, versus placebo in healthy men. To assess the effects of long-term ADT, gene expression measurements were evaluated at baseline and after 3, 6, and 9 months of neoadjuvant ADT in prostatectomy samples from men with localized prostate cancer. Medical castration reduced tissue androgens by 75% and reduced the expression of several androgen-regulated genes (&lt;i&gt;NDRG1, FKBP5&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;TMPRSS2&lt;/i&gt;). However, many androgen-responsive genes, including the androgen receptor (&lt;i&gt;AR&lt;/i&gt;) and prostate-specific antigen (&lt;i&gt;PSA&lt;/i&gt;), were not suppressed after short-term castration or after 9 months of neoadjuvant ADT. Significant heterogeneity in PSA and AR protein expression was observed in prostate cancer samples at each time point of ADT. Medical castration based on serum testosterone levels cannot be equated with androgen ablation in the prostate microenvironment. Standard androgen deprivation does not consistently suppress androgen-dependent gene expression. Suboptimal suppression of tumoral androgen activity may lead to adaptive cellular changes allowing prostate cancer cell survival in a low androgen environment. Optimal clinical efficacy will require testing of novel approaches targeting complete suppression of systemic and intracrine contributions to the prostatic androgen microenvironment. [Cancer Res 2007;67(10):5033–41]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and pain - a review of the disease from aetiology, evaluation, past surgical treatment options to current practice. (2005)

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD), often referred to as "adult" polycystic kidney disease, is one of the commonest hereditary disorders. It affects approximately 4 to 6 million individuals worldwide. The disease progresses to end-stage renal disease and it accounts for 10-15% of patients requiring dialysis in the United States. A comprehensive Medline search for aetiology, evaluation, screening, cellular biology, and treatment was utilized to locate, extract, and synthesize relevant data with respect to this topic. Special attention was focused on urologic literature and surgical textbooks regarding operative treatment of pain associated with ADPKD. Now, patients with ADPKD have more treatment options. More specifically, several therapeutic alternatives are now available for the management of pain in these patients. A recent review of literature supports the performance of open or laparoscopic cyst decortication procedures for control of pain and infection without the worry of causing further renal impairment in those with preserved renal function.
EFAB: High Aspect Ratio, Arbitrary 3-D Metal Microstructures Using a Low-Cost Automated Batch Process (1999)

Abstract EFAB (“Electrochemical FABrication”) is a new micromachining process utilizing an innovative “Instant Masking” (IM) technique to electrochemically deposit an unlimited number of metal layers for microfabrication. Through this approach, high-aspect-ratio microstructures with arbitrary 3-D geometry can be rapidly and automatically batch-fabricated at low temperature (&amp;lt; 60 °C) using an inexpensive desktop machine. IC-MEMS integration can also be carried out by this low temperature process.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Post-Cluster Argon Plasmas During the Blast Wave Expansion (2002)

In this work we present temperature diagnostics of an expanding laser‐produced argon plasma. A short‐pulse (35fs) laser with an intensity of I = 1017 W/cm deposits ∼ 100 mJ of energy into argon clusters. This generates a hot plasma filament that develops into a cylindrically expanding shock. We develop spectral diagnostics for the temperatures of the argon plasma in the shock region and the preionized region ahead of the shock. A collisional‐radiative model is applied to explore line intensity ratios derived from Ar II‐Ar IV spectra that are sensitive to temperatures in a few eV range. The results of hydrodynamic simulations are employed to derive a time dependent radiative transport calculation that generates the theoretical emission spectra from the expanding plasma.
Synthesis and Structure of Allenyl‐Substituted η6‐Benzene(tricarbonyl)‐chromium Complexes (1997)

Abstract The Cr(CO) 3 ‐complexed η6‐phenylpropargylic alcohols 3 react in a displacement rearrangement with thionyl chloride or chlorodiphenylphosphane to give the chloro‐ or phosphoryl allenyl substituted η6‐phenyl complexes 4 and 6 , respectively. In the X‐ray crystal structure of the novel organometallic allenic derivatives 4b and 6b the vicinal chloro or phosphoryl substituent and the benzene(tricarbonyl)chromium fragment are arranged coplanarily. Palladium/copper‐catalyzed couplings of the chloroallene 4b with terminal alkynes disclose a facile access to ynallene derivatives 8 , novel carbon‐rich organometallic π‐systems.
Phytochemicals in Wound Healing (2014)

<b>Significance:</b> Traditional therapies, including the use of dietary components for wound healing and skin regeneration, are very common in Asian countries such as China and India. The increasing evidence of health-protective benefits of phytochemicals, components derived from plants is generating a lot of interest, warranting further scientific evaluation and mechanistic studies. <b>Recent Advances:</b> Phytochemicals are non-nutritive substances present in plants, and some of them have the potential to provide better tissue remodeling when applied on wounds and to also act as proangiogenic agents during wound healing. <b>Critical Issues:</b> In this review, we briefly discuss the current understanding, important molecular targets, and mechanism of action(s) of some of the phytochemicals such as curcumin, picroliv, and arnebin-1. We also broadly review the multiple pathways that these phytochemicals regulate to enhance wound repair and skin regeneration. <b>Future Directions:</b> Recent experimental data on the effects of phytochemicals on wound healing and skin regeneration establish the potential clinical utility of plant-based compounds. Additional research in order to better understand the exact mechanism and potential targets of phytochemicals in skin regeneration is needed. Human studies a2nd clinical trials are pivotal to fully understand the benefits of phytochemicals in wound healing and skin regeneration.
Advances and Opportunities in Single-Cell Transcriptomics for Plant Research (2021)

Single-cell approaches are quickly changing our view on biological systems by increasing the spatiotemporal resolution of our analyses to the level of the individual cell. The field of plant biology has fully embraced single-cell transcriptomics and is rapidly expanding the portfolio of available technologies and applications. In this review, we give an overview of the main advances in plant single-cell transcriptomics over the past few years and provide the reader with an accessible guideline covering all steps, from sample preparation to data analysis. We end by offering a glimpse of how these technologies will shape and accelerate plant-specific research in the near future.
Controlled pinewood fractionation with supercritical ethanol: A prerequisite toward pinewood conversion into chemicals and biofuels (2018)

The objective of this work was to investigate the ability of supercritical (SC) ethanol conditions to attack preferentially the lignin fraction against the carbohydrate fraction and their effects on the product distribution among gases, light products, bio-oils, and chars. In this study, the conversion of each pinewood component was determined by the analysis of solid residues to quantify cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and char contents. It is shown that, by tuning the temperature, hemicellulose and lignin are already transformed in subcritical ethanol conditions, lignin being more reactive than hemicellulose. In contrast, native wood cellulose is recalcitrant to liquefaction in SC ethanol near the critical point ( T c = 241 °C and P c = 61 bar), but 20% of native wood cellulose is converted in SC ethanol at 280 °C. Besides, the severity of the conditions, in terms of temperature and treatment time, does not significantly influence the yields of gases, light products, and bio-oils but strongly enhances char formation. Interestingly, the increase in SC ethanol density does not change the conversion of biomass components but has a marked effect on bio-oil yield and prevents char formation. The optimum fractionation conditions to convert the lignin component, while keeping unattacked the cellulose fraction with a minimum formation of char, are dense SC ethanol, at 250 °C for 1 h, in batch conditions. However, although lignin is more reactive than hemicellulose under these conditions, these fractions are converted, in a parallel way, to around 50% and 60%, respectively.
Physical science of the dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride-water system. 1. Equilibrium phase behavior (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhysical science of the dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride-water system. 1. Equilibrium phase behaviorR. G. Laughlin, R. L. Munyon, Y. C. Fu, and A. J. FehlCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 6, 2546–2552Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100369a060https://doi.org/10.1021/j100369a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views336Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
cAMP Dose-dependently Prevents Palmitate-induced Apoptosis by Both Protein Kinase A- and cAMP-Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor-dependent Pathways in β-Cells (2004)

Lipid accumulation in pancreatic beta-cells is thought to cause its dysfunction and/or destruction via apoptosis. Our studies show that incubation of the beta-cell line RINm5F with the saturated free fatty acids (FFA) palmitate caused apoptosis based on increases in caspase 3 activity, Annexin V staining, and cell death. Furthermore, exposure of RINm5F cells to cAMP-increasing agents, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), and forskolin completely abolished palmitate-mediated caspase 3 activity and significantly inhibited Annexin V staining and cell death. The cyclic AMP analogs cpt-cAMP and dibutyryl-cAMP mimicked the protective effects of IBMX and forskolin, suggesting that cAMP is the mediator of the anti-apoptotic effects. The protective action of IBMX and forskolin was rapid and did not appear to require gene transcription or new protein synthesis. However, these protective effects were clearly independent of protein kinase A (PKA) because of the lack of inhibition by the PKA inhibitors H-89 and KT5720. In attempts to identify this PKA-independent mechanism, we found that the newly developed cAMP analog 8CPT-2Me-cAMP, which selectively activates the cAMP-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange factor (cAMP-GEF) pathway, mimicked the protective effects of IBMX and forskolin, suggesting that the cAMP-GEF pathway is involved. In addition, both glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and its receptor agonist, Exenatide, inhibited palmitate-mediated caspase 3 activation in a dose-dependent manner. Unexpectedly, H-89 partially reversed the protective effects of GLP-1 and Exenatide, suggesting that PKA may play a role in the protective effects of these incretins. To explain these seemingly conflicting results, we demonstrated that low concentrations of cAMP produced by GLP-1 and Exenatide preferentially activate the PKA pathway, whereas higher cAMP concentrations produced by IBMX and forskolin activate the more dominant cAMP-GEF pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that intracellular concentrations of cAMP may play a key role in determining divergent signaling pathways that lead to antiapoptotic responses.
Macroquantum Effects in Astronomy (2001)

A great number of macroquantum laws connecting gravity and electromagnetism if found empirically. To describe them the model of anisotropic gravitational field is proposed. This field is build as a superposition of planes and force lines are changed by thin elastic discs. Interaction of gravitational objects is described by second order linear differential equation having in some limits Newton or Maxwell equations. Tending to similar description of electromagnetic and gravitational forces the Newton gravity law is complemented by dynamical part dependent on speed of relative movement of objects. Static part of the Newton law is provided by longitudinal waves. They penetrate along planes with the speed equal to a^{-4}c=3.526 10^8 c, where c is the speed of light and a is the fine structure constant.
The Dream in Homer and Greek Tragedy (1919)

This treatise is part of a broader investigation of the dream in all its aspects, literary and non-literary, to which I have devoted the spare hours of the last seven years.My primary interest in this investigation has been in the dream and its ways in Latin literature.A study published in Mnemosyne, 45, 78- 92, in which I suggested a possible source for one feature of a certain type of Roman dream, may be taken as defining to some extent my interest in the dream from the literary standpoint as well as presenting my conclusions with respect to the problems involved in the particular dream considered in that study.But to treat adequately the dream in Latin literature presupposes a knowledge of its ancestor and prototype in Greek literature, and so the present introductory monograph embodies one phase of my researches in the earlier field.It discusses some aspects of the dream in a portion of that field -Homer, Hesiod and Greek Tragedy.It concerns itself with the dream as an originating cause or directing principle of the action in poem or play, a moving force in the evolution of narrative or plot and in the introduction of smaller incidents and episodes.An American scholar^has recently complained of the lack of a proper study of the matter of motivation in Greek and Latin tragedy and comedy.This essay touches upon a limited portion of that larger investigation.From another point of view it deals, within the limits of each dream picture, with the amplifica- tion of the dream, its increasing complexity, its growth and refinement, or its decay, as an artistic literary device.I hope at no far distant date to publish further studies in other aspects of the dream.
Short term spectral analysis, synthesis, and modification by discrete Fourier transform (1977)

A theory of short term spectral analysis, synthesis, and modification is presented with an attempt at pointing out certain practical and theoretical questions. The methods discussed here are useful in designing filter banks when the filter bank outputs are to be used for synthesis after multiplicative modifications are made to the spectrum.