gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiomyopathy in a rat model of pheochromocytoma. Morphological and functional alterations. (1988)

To investigate the cardiac muscle damage observed in pheochromocytoma, New England Deaconness Hospital rats were implanted subcutaneously with a transplantable pheochromocytoma. The tumor was evident 4 weeks after transplantation. Approximately 5-6 weeks after transplant, systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in tumor-bearing animals (183 +/- 13 vs 119 +/- 7 in controls). At this time a cardiomyopathy with the following features was apparent in the tumor-bearing animals: multifocal lesions of enhanced interstitial and replacement fibrosis; granularity of the cytoplasm and contraction band necrosis; and mixed inflammatory infiltrates. Using a morphological scoring system from 0 (no cardiac damage) to 3 (complete involvement of the ventricular cross section studied), the pheochromocytoma animals had a cardiomyopathy score of 1.8 +/- 0.1, which is significantly greater than that found in age- and sex-matched controls: 0.4 +/- 0.1, p less than .001. A significant increase in the wet heart weights (1.28 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.12 +/- 0.04 in controls) was also observed in these animals, indicating the possibility of cardiac hypertrophy in the pheochromocytoma rats. There was a marked decrease in sensitivity to isoproterenol in isolated, electrically driven left atrial strips from pheochromocytoma rats. Isoproterenol's EC50 increased eightfold from 1.5 +/- 0.6 x 10(-8) M in controls to 1.3 +/- 0.4 x 10(-7) M in left atrial strips from the pheochromocytoma rats. However, there was no difference in maximal contractile response to isoproterenol in either the left atrial strips or in right or left ventricular papillary muscle strips. Also, there was no change in responsiveness of either left atrial or right ventricular muscle strips from pheochromocytoma hearts to contraction induced by 3.75 mM calcium chloride. However, the contractile response to calcium was enhanced in left ventricular papillary muscle from tumor-bearing animals (808 +/- 195 vs 372 +/- 101 mg tension in controls, p less than 0.05). These results demonstrate a catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy in hearts from pheochromocytoma-bearing rats. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a functional beta-adrenergic receptor desensitization in isolated left atrial strips from tumor-bearing rats, whereas maximal contraction of heart muscle, induced by either isoproterenol or calcium chloride, remains intact.
Design of environmentally friendly ionic liquid aqueous two-phase systems for the efficient and high activity extraction of proteins (2012)

Ionic liquids (ILs) have numerous applications in industrial processes as a benign alternative to conventional volatile organic solvents. However, many of them are toxic to organisms and are poorly biodegradable. In this work, a series of environmentally friendly cholinium ILs have been designed and synthesized. It was found that these ILs could form aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) with polypropylene glycol 400 (PPG400) which is thermo-sensitive, non-toxic and biodegradable. In order to understand the phase formation processes and possible application of these ATPSs for extraction/separation of proteins, the binodal curves and tie lines of these ATPSs were measured at 25 °C, and the effects of anionic structure of the ionic liquids, nature of the proteins and difference in the concentration of top- and bottom-phases on the partitioning behavior of some typical proteins were investigated systematically. It was shown that bovine serum albumin (BSA), trypsin, papain and lysozyme could be enriched effectively into the ionic liquid-rich phase of the ATPSs, and single-step extraction efficiency could be as high as 86.4–99.9% under the optimized conditions. Furthermore, enzyme activity of the native trypsin in water and in aqueous ionic liquid solutions was determined by using N-a-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester as a substrate, and activity increases to about 127% was observed after 13 months storage. In addition, PPG400 has been recovered simply by heating and reused in the next extraction processes. This avoids the non-sustainable issue of highly salty water produced in the application of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) + salt and ionic liquid + salt ATPSs.
Distributing SOM Ensemble Training using Grid Middleware (2007)

In this paper we explore the distribution of training of self-organised maps (SOM) on Grid middleware. We propose a two-level architecture and discuss an experimental methodology comprising ensembles of SOMs distributed over a Grid with periodic averaging of weights. The purpose of the experiments is to begin to systematically assess the potential for reducing the overall time taken for training by a distributed training regime against the impact on precision. Several issues are considered: (i) the optimum number of ensembles; (ii) the impact of different types of training data; and (iii) the appropriate period of averaging. The proposed architecture has been evaluated in a Grid environment, with clock-time performance recorded.
Performance Optimization of Latency Insensitive Systems Through Buffer Queue Sizing of Communication Channels (2003)

This paper proposes for latency insensitive systems a performance optimization technique called channel buffer queue sizing, which is performed after relay station insertion in the physical design stage. It can be shown that proper queue sizing can reduce or even completely avoid the performance loss due to imbalanced relay stations insertion in reconvergent paths. Moreover, the problem of queue sizing and placement of the additional buffers for maximum performance is formulated and studied to properly allocate available chip areas in the layout to communication channels. An algorithm based on mixed integer linear programming is proposed. Experimental results show that queue sizing is effective in improving the performance of latency insensitive systems even under tight area constraints. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is sufficiently efficient in obtaining the optimal solution for systems of practical sizes.
Secure AES engine with a local switched-capacitor current equalizer (2009)

This work implements a switched-capacitor block, that isolates the switching activity by equalizing the current drawn from the encryption core to secure an AES engine. An array of capacitors provides the supply current for the sensitive blocks of the encryption engine while non-sensitive blocks run directly from the supply. Each capacitor is charged from the supply and is then isolated while it provides charge to the encryption core. The key idea is that the capacitor is then discharged to a known voltage before it is recharged in order to equalize the amount of charge provided by the external power supply.
A Glycosidic Isoflavonoid from Viola hondoensis W. BECKER et H. BOISSIEU (Violaceae), and Its Effect on the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Caused by Ultraviolet Irradiation in Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts (2005)

Isolation of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction from aerial parts of Viola hondoensis W. BECKER et H. BOISSIEU yielded one major isoflavonoid glycoside, tectoridin-4'-O-beta-D-glucoside. The structure of the compound was certainly determined by chemical analyses, as well as 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. The compound exhibited potent inhibitory activity against the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 caused by UV-irradiation in cultured human skin fibroblasts.
Long-term Therapy With Interleukin 6 Receptor Blockade in Highly Active Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (2015)

Prolonged tocilizumab therapy may be safe and effective from early treatment phases onward for otherwise therapy-resistant highly active NMO and NMO spectrum disorder. Relapse patterns indicate that adherence to a regular therapeutic regimen with monthly infusions of tocilizumab (8 mg/kg) may increase efficacy.
Extended Depth of Field Catadioptric Imaging Using Focal Sweep (2015)

Catadioptric imaging systems use curved mirrors to capture wide fields of view. However, due to the curvature of the mirror, these systems tend to have very limited depth of field (DOF), with the point spread function (PSF) varying dramatically over the field of view and as a function of scene depth. In recent years, focal sweep has been used extensively to extend the DOF of conventional imaging systems. It has been shown that focal sweep produces an integrated point spread function (IPSF) that is nearly space-invariant and depth-invariant, enabling the recovery of an extended depth of field (EDOF) image by deconvolving the captured focal sweep image with a single IPSF. In this paper, we use focal sweep to extend the DOF of a catadioptric imaging system. We show that while the IPSF is spatially varying when a curved mirror is used, it remains quasi depth-invariant over the wide field of view of the imaging system. We have developed a focal sweep system where mirrors of different shapes can be used to capture wide field of view EDOF images. In particular, we show experimental results using spherical and paraboloidal mirrors.
Hole Transport Materials with Low Glass Transition Temperatures and High Solubility for Application in Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2012)

We present the synthesis and device characterization of new hole transport materials (HTMs) for application in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSCs). In addition to possessing electrical properties well suited for ssDSSCs, these new HTMs have low glass transition temperatures, low melting points, and high solubility, which make them promising candidates for increased pore filling into mesoporous titania films. Using standard device fabrication methods and Z907 as the sensitizing dye, power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 2.94% in 2-μm-thick cells were achieved, rivaling the PCE obtained by control devices using the state-of-the-art HTM spiro-OMeTAD. In 6-μm-thick cells, the device performance is shown to be higher than that obtained using spiro-OMeTAD, making these new HTMs promising for preparing high-efficiency ssDSSCs.
Pulmonary drug delivery: a review on nanocarriers for antibacterial chemotherapy (2015)

As the WHO stated, lower respiratory infections are the third leading cause of death. In addition, it is remarkable that antimicrobial resistance represents a huge threat. Thus, new therapeutic weapons are required. Among the possible alternatives, antibiotic encapsulation in nanoparticles has gained much attention in terms of improved tolerability, activity and ability to combat the resistance mechanisms of bacteria. In this regard, this review article focuses on the latest nanocarrier approaches for inhalatory therapy of antibiotics. First, the technology related to lung disposition will be reviewed. Then, nanocarrier systems will be introduced and the challenges required to perform adequate pulmonary deposition analysed. In the following part, drug delivery systems (DDSs) on the market or in clinical trials are described and, finally, new approaches of nanoparticles that have reached pre-clinical stage are enumerated. Altogether, this review aims at gathering together the novel nanosystems for anti-infectious therapy, underlining the potential of DDSs to improve and optimize currently available antibiotic therapies in the context of lung infections.
Design and implementation of a high-performance distributed Web crawler (2003)

Broad Web search engines as well as many more specialized search tools rely on Web crawlers to acquire large collections of pages for indexing and analysis. Such a Web crawler may interact with millions of hosts over a period of weeks or months, and thus issues of robustness, flexibility, and manageability are of major importance. In addition, I/O performance, network resources, and OS limits must be taken into account in order to achieve high performance at a reasonable cost. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a distributed Web crawler that runs on a network of workstations. The crawler scales to (at least) several hundred pages per second, is resilient against system crashes and other events, and can be adapted to various crawling applications. We present the software architecture of the system, discuss the, performance bottlenecks, and describe efficient techniques for achieving high performance. We also report preliminary experimental results based on a crawl of 120 million pages on 5 million hosts.
Data compression using surrounding contexts (2005)

In this paper, we present a simple way to estimate probabilities of symbols occurring in a given sequence by considering the context where they appear. Every statistical adaptive compression method can use those estimation to encode a given sequence. The main goal is to find convenient estimation models which assign to every symbol in the sequence a probability as large as possible and still avoid decoding ambiguities. Beside the pragmatic purpose of data compression to make data storage and transmission more efficient, there is another interesting aspect of data compression. An efficient method to represent data is an intrinsic efficient method of information analysis and prediction.
IMPACT OF PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATION ON ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF PAVEMENT STRATEGIES (1991)

The conventional practice of economic analysis of pavement strategies does not consider the differences in pavement performance levels among the alternatives analyzed. The impact of incorporating into the analysis pavement performance consideration that explicitly quantifies differences of pavement performance levels in monetary values is examined. Studies have indicated that there exist two components, namely the agency and the user values of pavement performance, that should be included when incorporating pavement performance consideration into economic evaluation of different pavement strategies. On the basis of recently available information and estimates of the agency and user values of pavement performance, it is found that these values are of the same order of importance as the cost items commonly considered in economic evaluation of pavements. Numerical examples illustrate the impact of including pavement performance consideration in the economic analysis. Significant changes to the results of conventional economic analysis are observed for the examples studied.
Fundamentals of Microsystems Packaging (2001)

Chapter 1: Introduction to Microsystems Packaging. Chapter 2: The Role of Packaging in Microelectronics Chapter 3: The Role of Packaging in Microsystems. Chapter 4: Fundamentals of Electrical Package Design. Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Design for Reliability. Chapter 6: Fundamentals of Thermal Management. Chapter 7: Fundamentals of Single Chip Packaging. Chapter 8: Funamentals of Multichip Packaging. Chapter 9: Fundamentals of IC Assembly. Chapter 10: Fundamentals of Water-Level Packaging. Chapter 11: Fundamentals of Passives: Discrete, Integrated, and Embedded. Chapter 12: Fundamentals of Optoelectronics. Chapter 13: Fundamentals of RF Packaging. Chapter 14: Fundamentals of Microelectromechanical Systems. Chapter 15: Fundamentals of Sealing and Encapsulation. Chapter 16: Fundamentals of System-Level PWB Technologies. Chapter 17: Fundamentals of Board Assembly. Chapter 18: Fundamentals of Packaging Materials and Processes. Chapter 19: Fundamentals of Electrical Testing. Chapter 20: Fundamentals of Package Manufacturing. Chapter 21: Fundamentals of Microsystems Design for the Environment. Chapter 22: Fundamentals of Microsstems Reliability. Glossary.
Excitation spectroscopy of the In-related isoelectronic bound exciton under uniaxial stress and magnetic-field perturbations (1986)

The photoluminescence excitation spectrum of the In-related isoelectronic bound exciton in Si is studied by means of a tunable optical parametric oscillator in conjunction with uniaxial stress and magnetic field perturbations. The hole is shown to be highly localized on a defect with a ${C}_{2v}$-symmetry strain field which completely quenches the hole orbital angular momentum. The exciton ground state is split by the unusually large value of 11.4 meV by the exchange interaction into a spin triplet at 1118 meV and a spin singlet at 1129.4 meV. Such a large splitting indicates a much more localized electron state than one would expect for an effective-mass-like state. It is proposed that a higher-lying state at 1154.3 meV is due to a ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{3}$(${T}_{d}$) valley-orbit excited state of the electron.
Using Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide Molecules To Probe Arsenic(V) Bioaccessibility in Soils (2006)

Highly specialized personnel and high cost are typically required for in vivo risk assessment of arsenic (As) exposure to humans in As-contaminated soils. Arsenic bioaccessibility in soils, as determined with the aid of in vitro tests, is quite variable, and its magnitude depends upon unidentified soil properties. Use of soil chemical properties is a common practice for construction of As(V) sorption and bioaccessibility models with relative success. We propose a novel As(V) bioaccessibility model, which was tested on 17 soils. The model includes only two parameters characterizing surface properties of soils that are readily determined from N2- and CO2-based specific surface areas (SSAs), and total organic carbon (OC) content. We found that N2 and CO2 molecules act as As(V) "surrogates", probing easily accessible and relatively difficult to access soil porosity, respectively. Three interrelated linear models were constructed using two terms (CO2/N2-based SSAs and OC) that were significant (p <0.001) in explaining 51 and 95% of the variability observed in As(V) sorption and bioaccessibility, respectively. The proposed models successfully predicted bioaccessible As concentrations for 4 out of the 5 soils that were not included in the bioaccessibility models, reaching RMSE values of < or =10%.
Light-emitting properties of donor–acceptor and donor–acceptor–donor dyes in solution, solid, and aggregated states: structure–property relationship of emission behavior (2015)

In a polar aqueous environment, a series of triphenylamine-based donor–acceptor-type dyes showed efficient light emission upon the formation of aggregates.
(Digital Presentation) Carbon Nanotube Based Low-Reflective Coatings for Light Suppression (2022)

Space-borne instruments, such as seeker telescopes, optical sensors, etc., need to minimize stray and reflected light for facilitating space observatory missions. Durable low-reflectivity surfaces/coatings are thus required for suppressing unwanted light within these optical systems. The low-reflectivity coatings need to withstand harsh space environments, including UV radiation, atomic oxygen, vacuum, etc. The excellent mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them as ideal coating materials for obtaining low reflectivity surfaces for space applications. In this presentation, Faraday Technology Inc. will discuss an innovative electrophoretic deposition (EPD) manufacturing process, based on the use of pulsed electric fields, for controlled, reproducible, scalable application of low reflective CNT based coatings. The low-reflectivity CNT coatings have been successfully deposited on a variety of geometries: flat coupons, curved surfaces, sharp edges, and internal and external surface of square tubes using the FARADAYIC ® EPD process with different anode-cathode configurations (Figure 1 A). The CNT coatings show the total hemispherical reflection of 0.5% - 1% across visible to near infrared (NIR) wavebands, which is much lower than the reflectance of the typically used Z306 black paint (Figure 1 B). Most importantly, the CNT coating shows minimal (~0.14-0.32%) reflectance increase after 5000 equivalent solar hours (ESH) UV/VUV illumination (Figure 1B). As a comparison, Z306 black paint shows ~2.40-4.05 % reflectance increases with same ESH UV/VUV illumination. Figure 1C indicates the CNT coatings has minimal 0-0.0015 (1/sr) BRDF increase in scatter. These CNT coatings also withstood simulated launch conditions vibrational tests, and demonstrated no weight loss and optical degradation. Furthermore, the CNT coatings were evaluated for atomic oxygen erosion resistance in a simulated low earth orbit (LEO) environment, and showed enhanced resilience when compared to Kapton and HOPG. In summary, a scalable manufacturing process for fabricating CNT based coatings with low reflectivity across visible to near infrared wavebands has been demonstrated and shown great potential in facilitating space observatory missions by minimizing stray and reflected light on targeted telescope and baffle materials and construction. The CNT based coatings can also be utilized as broadband absorbers for solar thermal power generation and storage, solar-driven steam generation for sanitization and water purification, and so on. Acknowledgements: The financial support of NASA SBIR program through contracts No. 80NNSC18P2062 &amp; 80NSSC19C0177 is acknowledged. The authors acknowledge Alan Hopkins, Peter Fuqua, and Amber Hennessy from the Aerospace Corporation for simulated launch conditions vibration tests, optical characterization, and UV radiation effect tests. David Oakes and Daniel Hewett from Physical Sciences Inc. are acknowledged for the atomic oxygen erosion tests on the CNT based coatings. Figure 1
Esterification of Long Chain Aliphatic Acids with Long Chain Alcohols Catalyzed by Multi-valent Metal Salts (2005)

Abstract Some typical multi-valent metal salts, such as chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and acetate of Fe(III), Al(III), Ga(III), In(III), Zr(IV), Hf(IV), Zn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(III), Cr(III), and Cu(II) have catalytic acitivties for the esterification of saturated and unsaturated long chain aliphatic acids with long chain aliphatic alcohols. These catalysts were sponteneously separated from the reaction mixtures, and could be subjected to the recycle use for the further reactions.
The influence of incorporating a forecutter on the performance of offshore pipeline ploughs (2012)

Installation of offshore pipelines in the seabed can be efficiently achieved using pipeline ploughs. Increased efficiency may be achievable through incorporating a smaller forecutter in advance of the main plough share. Currently guidance is limited and conflicting as to the advantages or disadvantages of incorporating a forecutter. To investigate the effect of forecutter inclusion model tests were undertaken at 1/50th scale under laboratory conditions in sand beds prepared at different relative densities in both dry and saturated conditions. Dry sand tests were used to determine the effect of the forecutter on the static or passive components of plough tow force. The currently adopted passive pressure coefficient (Cs) did not appear to vary with relative density to the same degree as previously suggested and the forecutter increased the magnitude of the passive or static resistance to ploughing. Saturated tests were used to determine the effects of the forecutter on the rate dependant component of ploughing resistance and allow verification of a dimensionless form of rate effect representation. The forecutter acts to reduce the rate effect component of plough tow force in both fine sand (low permeability) and to a lesser extent in medium sand (higher permeability). In fine and silty sands, however, incorporating a forecutter would seem highly beneficial at all ploughing depths and soil densities but in medium sand (higher permeability) the benefits of incorporation are limited to an operating window at shallower trench depths and lower relative density.