gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining auditory and tactile inputs to create a sense of auditory space. (2010)

To localize a sound, the auditory system uses multiple cues, including binaural differences in timing and level that arise from the separation of the ears by the solid mass of the head. It has repeatedly been shown that the ability to utilize these cues is plastic and experience-based. Vibrotactile input shares many common features with auditory signals, and there is some overlap between the frequency range of the sensitivity of the ear and skin. In this study, we examine whether the auditory system is capable of combining auditory and tactile inputs to localize sounds using a multi-speaker array. To induce deficits in azimuthal localization, one ear was plugged. To examine cross-modal localization, the input level to the plugged ear was recorded via microphone, and a vibratory signal that was perceptually equal in intensity was presented to the shoulder on the same side as the plugged ear. The participant’s ability to localize low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, and broadband sounds was measured. Results showed that relative to baseline (plugged) conditions, localization performance improved, suggesting that listeners can combine auditory and tactile information to create a sense of auditory space.
Transport of macromolecules through microvascular walls (1996)

This review addresses the long-standing controversy over the principal mechanisms of transport of macromolecules through the endothelium of microvessels of 'normal' permeability. Two types of mechanism have been proposed: convective transport through 'large pores' in the endothelium: transport via vesicles (transcytosis). The different techniques for estimating microvascular permeability to macromolecules are described and values for microvascular permeability to serum albumin in different tissues are tabulated. Whereas the evidence for convective transport when obtained from experiments on perfused microvascular beds remains convincing, attention is drawn to recent measurements using the tracer uptake technique which suggest that transport in the intact circulation from blood to tissues may not be coupled to fluid movement. Direct evidence for the involvement of endothelial vesicles in transendothelial transport has been reported relatively recently but the mechanisms whereby macromolecules are conveyed through the vesicular system have yet to be established. The possibility of convective transport through transient transendothelial channels formed by the fusion of vesicles is discussed.
Host-Guest Energy Transfer Via Dipole-Dipole Interaction in Doped Fluorene Crystals (1981)

Abstract Fluorene mixed crystals have been investigated by sensitized fluorescence measurements in order to prove the importance of dipole-dipole interactions for singlet energy transfer. Fluorene: dibenzofuran (F:DBF) and fluorene:benz[f]indan (F:BI) are used. In these systems the optical transition dipole moments of host and guest molecules are perpendicular and parallel to one another, respectively. For these systems the host-guest energy transfer rate has been determined as a function of the guest concentration from the quantum ratio of guest and host emission (F:BI) and from fluorescence decay time measurements (F:DBF). The latter verified the particularly low transfer rate in F : DBF found in previous steady state investigations. The measured transfer rates at 1.3 K could be explained quantitatively taking into account the relative orientations of the host and guest transition dipoles and the oscillator strengths of the optical transitions. An increase of the transfer rate with increasing temperature between 1.3 K and 100 K in the system F: BI could be related to a change from energy transfer within perturbed states to excitonic band states of the fluorene crystal.
Comparison of fertility results after vaginal insemination using different thawing procedures and packages for frozen ram semen (2007)

A vaginal deposition of frozen ram semen containing approximately 200 x 106 spermatozoa, filled in mini straws and thawed at 35 degrees C is a simplified technique that under field conditions and used on a do-it-yourself regime gives acceptable lambing rates in Norway.
Femtosecond Laser in Polymeric Materials: Microfabrication of Doped Structures and Micromachining (2011)

The use of laser light to modify the material's surface or bulk as well as to induce changes in the volume through a chemical reaction has received great attention in the last few years, due to the possibility of tailoring the material's properties aiming at technological applications. Here, we report on recent progress of microstructuring and microfabrication in polymeric materials by using femtosecond lasers. In the first part, we describe how polymeric materials' micromachining, either on the surface or bulk, can be employed to change their optical and chemical properties promising for fabricating waveguides, resonators, and self-cleaning surfaces. In the second part, we discuss how two-photon absorption polymerization can be used to fabricate active microstructures by doping the basic resin with molecules presenting biological and optical properties of interest. Such microstructures can be used to fabricate devices with applications in optics, such as microLED, waveguides, and also in medicine, such as scaffolds for tissue growth.
Flexor Hallucis Longus tendon rupture in RA-patients is associated with MTP 1 damage and pes planus (2007)

Rupture of the flexor hallucis longus tendon in RA-patients is associated with limited range of hallux motion, more erosions and joint space narrowing of the MTP-1-joint, as well as with pes planus.
Vitamin D deficiency in community-acquired pneumonia: low levels of 1,25(OH)2 D are associated with disease severity (2014)

For 1,25-OH2, we found a significant and independent (controlled for age, season and pathogen) negative correlation to pneumonia severity. Therefore, supplementation of non-activated vitamin D to protect from pneumonia may be non-sufficient in patients that have a decreased capacity to hydroxylate 25-OH to 1,25-OH2.
Crystal structure of dodecachlorooctahedro-hexamolybdenum, Mo6Cl12 (1993)

Article Crystal structure of dodecachlorooctahedro-hexamolybdenum, Mo6Cl12 was published on December 1, 1993 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 208, issue 1-2).
Concurrent dual-band transmitter behavioral modeling with physically motivated 2-D rational functions (2013)

This paper proposes a 2-D rational function based behavioral modeling approach for concurrent dual-band transmitters. It has been shown with measurement data that the recursive property of rational function model, being closer to the physical analogy of PA as feedback system, allows for more accurate modeling. Based on good performance of 2-D rational function, a novel two-step model has been proposed which retains advantages of recursive modeling, yet can be applied in an open loop configuration. The proposed model is compared with the state-of-the-art 2D memory polynomial model for behavioral modeling of concurrent dual-band transmitter setup. Using proposed model, performance improvement up to 6-dB in terms of normalized mean square error (NMSE) and performance improvement up to 8-dB in terms of adjacent channel error power ratio (ACEPR) is achieved as compared to the state-of-the art 2D memory polynomial model.
Epithelial Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase Is an Apical EBP50-binding Protein That Directs Vectorial Nitric Oxide Output (2002)

Nitric oxide (NO), produced via inducible NO synthase (iNOS), can modulate polarized epithelial processes such as solute transport. Given the high reactivity of NO, we hypothesized that optimal NO regulation of polarized epithelial functions is achieved through compartmentalization of iNOS, allowing local NO delivery to its molecular targets. Here, we show that iNOS localizes to the apical domain of epithelial cells within a submembranous protein complex tightly bound to cortical actin. We further show that iNOS can bind to the apical PDZ protein, EBP50 (ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50), an interaction that is dependent on the last three COOH-terminal amino acids of iNOS, SAL, but requires the presence of additional unknown cellular proteins. Mutation of these three COOH-terminal residues abolishes the iNOS-EBP50 interaction and disrupts the apical association of iNOS in transfected cells, showing that this COOH-terminal motif is essential for the correct localization of iNOS in epithelial cells. Apically localized iNOS directs vectorial NO production at the apical proximal tubule epithelial cell surface. These studies define human epithelial iNOS as an apical EBP50-binding protein and suggest that the physical association of iNOS with EBP50 might allow precise NO modulation of EBP50-associated protein functions.
A non-skiving tape head with sub-ambient air pressure cavities (2015)

A small head-medium spacing is crucial for achieving high linear densities in magnetic tape recording. Traditional contoured (cylindrical) tape heads have been superseded by flat-profile tape heads with sharp skiving edges to remove the natural air bearing that forms between tape and a contoured head, to reduce the head-tape spacing [1]. This means that tape is in contact with the head surface and that the spacing is determined predominantly by the tape surface roughness. To further reduce the head-medium spacing, the tape surface roughness needs to be reduced, which however results in increased head-medium friction. High friction is problematic for tape durability, for reliable operation of the data channel, and for accurate track-follow control. Although friction is lower for smaller tape wrap angles, reducing the wrap angle in a skiving configuration is not desirable because it results in an unacceptable increase in head-medium spacing. Furthermore, recent research has shown that a substantial amount of the friction originates at the skiving edges of the head. In this work, we present a new tape head design which allows dispensing with the skiving edges to reduce friction, while simultaneously maintaining tape-head contact above the read/write transducers.
The Study of Carbon-Coated V[sub 2]O[sub 5] Nanoparticles as a Potential Cathodic Material for Li Rechargeable Batteries (2007)

Carbon-coated nanoparticles are good candidates as cathodic materials for rechargeable Li batteries. These nanoparticles were prepared by burning off carbon-coated nanoparticles in air (around ). The nanoparticles were prepared by a simple, single-stage reaction under autogenic pressure. Variations in the conditions of the burning process determine the properties of the carbon coating (e.g., thickness, weight % of carbon). Several types of electrodes were investigated. These included composite electrodes comprising different batches of , additional carbon particles and PVdF binder, composite electrodes comprising micrometric size, commercial as the active mass, and electrodes in which the or micronic size particles were embedded in aluminum foils without using any carbon additive or binder. The electrochemical response in terms of capacity, cyclability, and rates (up to 5C) at different potential ranges (narrow and wide domains, vs ) was investigated in and in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate solutions by standard electrochemical techniques, including chronopotentiometry, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy. The behavior of the electrodes (nanoparticles) was compared to that of electrodes comprising micronic size particles. In general, electrodes demonstrated a higher capacity, much better rate capability, and very good stability upon cycling and aging at elevated temperatures compared to electrodes comprising microparticles of . In situ and ex situ atomic force microscopy imaging was used for the morphological analysis of these electrodes.
Editorial Special issue on adaptive signal processing and higher-order statistics (1996)

Following a saturation point of advances in spectral estimation, the last decade has witnessed a resurgence in research and applications of higher-order statistics (HOS) to address the following 'non' topics in signals and systems: non-Gaussianity, non-minimum phase, noncausality, non-linearity , non-additivity and non-stationarity .HOS is a rather generic term often used to encompass moments, cumulants and polyspectra of order greater than two, thereby generalizing the traditional second-order statistical information offered by correlations and spectra.They have found application in: time delay and Doppler estimation for sonar and radar, reconstruction of astronomical objects from photon-limited frames in astronomy, imaging through turbulence, seismic deconvolution and blind channel equalization, separation of signal mixtures received by sensor arrays, detection and classification of non-Gaussian signals in Gaussian noise, retrieval of coupled harmonics, nonlinear ocean wave interactions, analysis of chaotic systems and biosignal processing.The roots of HOS go back to Kolmogorov and the pioneering work of Eastern European (Leonov, Shiryaev, Sinai) and North American statisticians in the 1960s (Rosenblatt, Tukey, Brillinger).'s2Scattered contributions appeared in the optical and physical sciences, but signalprocessing and systems communities picked up HOS interest in the 1980s.Since then there have been three biannual international five special issues devoted to this subject"-" and a number of tutorial treatments"-" (see also Reference 18 for a comprehensive bibliography).The present special issue is concerned with recent advances in HOS-based detection, input-output system identification of linear and nonlinear systems, blind identification and time series modelling, identification of closed loop systems and implementation issues.The emphasis is on adaptive algorithms-a direction largely ignored by existing collections despite its importance for on-line application of HOS-based approaches to real life problems.In the following we motivate each contribution, highlight its main points and attempt to discuss open problems for future research in each sub-area.
RECEST: a reverse channel emitter switched thyristor (2002)

A 550 V, reverse channel emitter switched thyristor (RECEST) is demonstrated. It offers ease of thyristor turn-on, a low on-state drop, excellent parasitic thyristor latch-up immunity and a high maximum controllable current density. It is shown to have characteristics superior to both the conventional emitter switched thyristor and the dual lateral channel emitter switched thyristor, and shows promise for use in high-voltage applications.
Clade-Specific Flucytosine Resistance Is Due to a Single Nucleotide Change in the FUR1 Gene of Candida albicans (2004)

Population studies have indicated that natural resistance to flucytosine (5FC) in Candida albicans is limited to one of the five major clades, clade I. In addition, while 73% of clade I isolates are less susceptible to 5FC (MIC >/= 0.5 microg/ml), only 2% of non-clade I isolates are less susceptible. In order to determine the genetic basis for this clade-specific resistance, we sequenced two genes involved in the metabolism of 5FC that had previously been linked to resistance (cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase), in 48 isolates representative of all clades. Our results demonstrate that a single nucleotide change from cytosine to thymine at position 301 in the uracil phosphoribosyltransferase gene (FUR1) of C. albicans is responsible for 5FC resistance. The mutant allele was found only in group I isolates. The 5FC MICs for strains without copies of the mutant allele were almost exclusively </=0.25 microg/ml, those for strains with one copy of the mutant allele were >/=0.5 microg/ml, and those for strains with two copies of the mutant allele were >/=16 microg/ml. Thus, the two alleles were codominant. The presence of this allele is responsible for clade I-specific resistance to 5FC within the C. albicans population and thus by inference is likely to be the major underlying 5FC resistance mechanism in C. albicans. This represents the first description of the genetic mutation responsible for 5FC resistance.
HISTOLOGY OF RETINA OVERLYING BACTERIAL SUBRETINAL ABSCESS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT (2007)

This case demonstrates that aggressive surgical management of a subretinal abscess due to K. pneumoniae in an eye can result in useful vision. Management included retinectomy of the retina overlying the abscess that revealed photoreceptor destruction with intraretinal inflammation. Drainage of a subretinal abscess without removal of the overlying retina may limit treatment effectiveness and spare retina that is not functional.
Capacity of a Class of Relay Channels (2005)

The capacity of a class of discrete-memoryless relay channels with orthogonal channels from the sender to the relay receiver and from the sender and relay to the receiver is shown to be equal to the max-flow min-cut upper bound. The result is extended to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) relay channels where the channel from the sender to the relay uses a different frequency band from the channel from the sender and the relay to the receiver. Index Terms—Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) relay channel, dis- crete memoryless relay channel.
A bound for the range of a narrow light beam in the near field (2011)

We investigate the possibility of light beams that are both narrow and long range with respect to the wavelength. On the basis of spectral electromagnetic field representations, we have studied the decay of the evanescent waves, and we have obtained some bounds for the width and range of a light beam in the near-field region. The range determines the spatial bound of the near field in the direction of propagation. For a number of representative examples we found that narrow beams have a short range. Our analysis is based on the uncertainty relations between spatial position and spatial frequency.
Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of Short Histidine- and Tyrosine-Rich Peptides: Sequence Specificity and Molecular Topology (2021)

The increasing realization of the prevalence of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) across multiple length scales of biological constructs, from intracellular membraneless organelles to extracellular load-bearing tissues, has raised intriguing questions about intermolecular interactions regulating LLPS at the atomic level. Squid-beak derived histidine (His)- and tyrosine (Tyr)-rich peptides (HBpeps) have recently emerged as suitable short model peptides to precisely assess the roles of peptide motifs and single residues on the phase behavior and material properties of microdroplets obtained by LLPS. In this study, by systematically introducing single mutations in an HBpep, we have identified specific sticker residues that attract peptide chains together. We find that His and Tyr residues located near the sequence termini drive phase separation, forming interaction nodes that stabilize microdroplets. Combining quantum chemistry simulations with NMR studies, we predict atomic-level bond geometries and uncover inter-residue supramolecular interactions governing LLPS. These results are subsequently used to propose possible topological arrangements of the peptide chains, which upon expansion can help explain the three-dimensional network of microdroplets. The stability of the proposed topologies carried out through all-atom molecular dynamics simulations predicts chain topologies that are more likely to stabilize the microdroplets. Overall, this study provides useful guidelines for the de novo design of peptide coacervates with tunable phase behavior and material properties. In addition, the analysis of nanoscale topologies may pave the way to understand how client molecules can be trapped within microdroplets, with direct implications for the encapsulation and controlled release of therapeutics for drug delivery applications.
Computational field programmable architecture (2002)

This paper introduces a new field-programmable architecture that is targeted at compute-intensive applications. These applications are important because of their use in the expanding multi-media markets in signal and data processing. We explain the design methodology, layout and implementation of the new architecture. A synthesis method has also been developed with which we have mapped several circuits to the new architecture. In this paper, we show that the invented architecture is more area-efficient than traditional FPGAs by a factor of more than 2.5 times.
Wastewater Treatment Plant Design (2003)

Fundamentals The Design Process Plant Hydraulics Preliminary Treatment Primary Treatment Suspended Growth Biological Treatment Attached Growth Biological Treatment Biological Nutrient Removal Alternative Biological Treatment Physical/Chemical Treatment Disinfection, Re-Oxygenation and Odor Control Production and Transport of Wastewater Sludge Sludge Conditioning Sludge Thickening, Dewatering and Drying Sludge Stabilization Beneficial Use and Ultimate Disposal
Nymphaeol-A Isolated from Okinawan Propolis Suppresses Angiogenesis and Induces Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis via Inactivation of Survival Signals (2013)

Propolis, a resinous substance that honeybees collect to protect their beehive from enemies, is reported to have various biological activities. In our screening program to search for antiangiogenic compounds from propolis, the ethanol extracts of Okinawan propolis (EEOP) showed significant antiangiogenic activities in a tube formation assay with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro at 3.13 μ g/mL and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay in vivo at 25 μ g/egg. To elucidate the active compounds of EEOP and their mode of action, we isolated some prenylated flavonoids from EEOP and found that nymphaeol-A had the strongest antiangiogenic activity among them. Nymphaeol-A significantly reduced in vivo neovessel formation in the CAM assay at 25 μ g/egg. At the molecular level, nymphaeol-A markedly inactivated mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), whose molecular activations signal new vessel formation in HUVECs. In addition, nymphaeol-A dose- and time-dependently induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in tube-forming HUVECs. Taken together, nymphaeol-A was shown to inhibit angiogenesis at least in part via inactivation of MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling and induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Okinawan propolis and its major component, nymphaeol-A, may be useful agents for preventing tumor-induced angiogenesis.
Channel-hopping multiple access (2002)

The medium-access control (MAC) protocols for wireless networks proposed or implemented to date based on collision-avoidance handshakes between the sender and receiver either require carrier sensing or the assignment of unique codes to nodes to ensure that intended receivers hear data packets without interference from hidden sources. We present and analyze a protocol that we call channel-hopping multiple access (CHMA) for multi-channel, ad-hoc networks which does not require carrier sensing or the assignment of unique codes to nodes to ensure collision-free reception of data at the intended receivers in the presence of hidden terminals. We compare CHMA against MACA-CT and show considerable improvement in the performance achieved. The correct avoidance of collisions in CHMA protocols is verified, and their throughput and delay characteristics is studied analytically. CHMA protocols are applicable to ad-hoc networks based on commercial off-the shelf spread spectrum radios operating in unlicensed frequency bands.