gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delirium, Sedation and Analgesia in the Intensive Care Unit: A Multinational, Two-Part Survey among Intensivists (2014)

Analgesia, sedation and delirium management are important parts of intensive care treatment as they are relevant for patients' clinical and functional long-term outcome. Previous surveys showed that despite this fact implementation rates are still low. The primary aim of the prospective, observational multicenter study was to investigate the implementation rate of delirium monitoring among intensivists. Secondly, current practice concerning analgesia and sedation monitoring as well as treatment strategies for patients with delirium were assesed. In addition, this study compares perceived and actual practice regarding delirium, sedation and analgesia management. Data were obtained with a two-part, anonymous survey, containing general data from intensive care units in a first part and data referring to individual patients in a second part. Questionnaires from 101 hospitals (part 1) and 868 patients (part 2) were included in data analysis. Fifty-six percent of the intensive care units reported to monitor for delirium in clinical routine. Fourty-four percent reported the use of a validated delirium score. In this respect, the survey suggests an increasing use of delirium assessment tools compared to previous surveys. Nevertheless, part two of the survey revealed that in actual practice 73% of included patients were not monitored with a validated score. Furthermore, we observed a trend towards moderate or deep sedation which is contradicting to guideline-recommendations. Every fifth patient was suffering from pain. The implementation rate of adequate pain-assessment tools for mechanically ventilated and sedated patients was low (30%). In conclusion, further efforts are necessary to implement guideline recommendations into clinical practice. The study was registered (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01278524) and approved by the ethical committee.
Implementation and performance evaluation of multicast control protocol (2004)

Multicast control protocol has been proposed to control multicast traffic transparently from the sources and the receivers. We have been developing and implementing this protocol, and this paper introduces the framework of our implementation in the Linux environment and proposes some performance enhancements brought by implementation specific features. This paper also shows the performance evaluation of our implementation. Finally, we clarify the effectiveness and the scalability of this protocol.
Effects of the molecular weight and CC functionality of poly 1‐hexene on the properties of poly 1‐hexene‐based high impact polystyrene (2018)

ABSTRACT Here we are aimed to unravel the effects of CC functionality and molecular weight of the rubber on the final properties of poly1‐hexene‐based high impact polystyrenes (HIPS). In this regard, various HIPS samples were synthesized by free radical polymerization of styrene in the presence of different weight fractions of various poly1‐hexene‐based impact modifiers including: (i) high molecular weight poly1‐hexene (PHex), (ii) low molecular weight poly1‐hexene (Olig), and (iii) 1‐hexene/1,5‐hexadiene copolymer (Copolym). Results showed that by increasing CC functionality from PHex to Oligm and Copoly, the degree of grafting increases which has its influence on the mechanical, thermal and morphological perspectives of the synthesized HIPSs. Besides CC unsaturation degree, the effect of rubber molecular weight on the final HIPS properties was studied as well. According to the results, molecular weight has significant effect on the final HIPS performance, too. Finally, our obtained results suggest new HIPS/Copolym sample as the one with the highest mechanical and thermal properties which is comparable well with commercial HIPS/polybutadiene grades. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 47169.
The East River, Colorado, Watershed: A Mountainous Community Testbed for Improving Predictive Understanding of Multiscale Hydrological–Biogeochemical Dynamics (2018)

Core Ideas Development of a 300‐km 2 mountainous headwater testbed began in 2016 in the East River. The testbed can be used to explore how watershed changes impact downgradient water availability and quality. System‐of‐system, scale‐adaptive approaches can potentially improve watershed dynamics simulation. We have new approaches to monitor and simulate water partitioning and system responses. The East River watershed has been developed as a “community” testbed. Extreme weather, fires, and land use and climate change are significantly reshaping interactions within watersheds throughout the world. Although hydrological–biogeochemical interactions within watersheds can impact many services valued by society, uncertainty associated with predicting hydrology‐driven biogeochemical watershed dynamics remains high. With an aim to reduce this uncertainty, an approximately 300‐km 2 mountainous headwater observatory has been developed at the East River, CO, watershed of the Upper Colorado River Basin. The site is being used as a testbed for the Department of Energy supported Watershed Function Project and collaborative efforts. Building on insights gained from research at the “sister” Rifle, CO, site, coordinated studies are underway at the East River site to gain a predictive understanding of how the mountainous watershed retains and releases water, nutrients, carbon, and metals. In particular, the project is exploring how early snowmelt, drought, and other disturbances influence hydrological–biogeochemical watershed dynamics at seasonal to decadal timescales. A system‐of‐systems perspective and a scale‐adaptive simulation approach, involving the combined use of archetypal watershed subsystem “intensive sites” are being tested at the site to inform aggregated watershed predictions of downgradient exports. Complementing intensive site hydrological, geochemical, geophysical, microbiological, geological, and vegetation datasets are long‐term, distributed measurement stations and specialized experimental and observational campaigns. Several recent research advances provide insights about the intensive sites as well as aggregated watershed behavior. The East River “community testbed” is currently hosting scientists from more than 30 institutions to advance mountainous watershed methods and understanding.
Crystal structure of dicaesium strontium hexacyanidoferrate(II), Cs2Sr[Fe(CN)6], from laboratory X-ray powder data (2020)

Ferrocyanides with general formula <i>A</i> <sup>I</sup> <i><sub>x</sub>B</i> <sup>II</sup> <sub><i>y</i></sub> [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>], where <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> are cations, are thought to accept many substitutions on the <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> positions. In this communication, the synthesis and crystal structure of Cs<sub>2</sub>Sr[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] are reported. The latter was obtained from K<sub>2</sub>Ba[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] particles, put in contact with caesium and strontium ions. Hence, a simultaneous ion-exchange mechanism (Cs for K, Sr for Ba) occurs to yield Cs<sub>2</sub>Sr[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]. The synthesis protocol shows that K<sub>2</sub>BaFe(CN)<sub>6</sub> particles can be used for the simultaneous trapping of radioactive caesium and strontium nuclides in water streams. Cs<sub>2</sub>Sr[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] adopts the cryolite structure type and is isotypic with the known compound Cs<sub>2</sub>Na[Mn(CN)<sub>6</sub>] [dicaesium sodium hexa-cyanidomanganate(III)]. The octa-hedrally coordinated Sr and Fe sites both are located on inversion centres, and the eightfold-coordinated Cs site on a general position.
Combining static and dynamic data flow analysis (2015)

Protecting sensitive data requires controlling the behavior of third part software. Static and dynamic data flow analysis can aid, however both of them have limits. Static analysis often detects false data leaks, whereas the more precise dynamic analysis introduces a significant overhead. This paper proposes a novel hybrid approach that combines static and dynamic data flow analysis for detecting data leaks in Java applications. Our approach minimizes the overhead by computing a minimal set of "application points" that need to be monitored and injects control code on the target application. Our method has no loss in quality with respect to dynamic analysis. We show the feasibility of our approach by providing a tool and presenting a case study on a sample application.
The effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected children in Asian countries (2010)

Background: Worldwide, there are 2.1 million children under 15 years of age living with HIV infection. In the past five years, there has been significant progress in providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) to children in resource-limited countries. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 200,000 children were receiving ART by the end of 2007. Objective: To conduct a general review of pediatric ART effectiveness in Asian countries. Methods: Published articles in PubMed and abstracts from the international HIV conferences were searched for articles related to pediatric ART in Asian countries from 1999 up to 2008. Results: Available reports consistently demonstrated beneficial outcomes of first-line antiretroviral therapy, including significant reductions in mortality and hospitalization rates, and good immunological and virological outcomes. However, there were limited data on the availability of second-line ART and the management of children who failed first-line regimens. There was also a need for improved access to early diagnostic testing and treatment in infancy, and more data on ART selection for children exposed to antiretrovirals for prevention of mother to child transmission. Conclusion: The highly active antiretroviral therapy is effective among HIV-infected children in Asia. Strategies for improved diagnosis and implementation of the life-saving antiretroviral programs including second -line ART, throughout Asia is encouraged.
Gene Network Analysis in Amygdala following Taste Aversion Learning in Rats (2013)

Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is an adaptive behavior that benefits survival of animals including humans and also serves as a powerful model to study the neural mechanisms of learning. Memory formation is a necessary component of CTA learning and involves neural processing and regulation of gene expression in the amygdala. Many studies have been focused on the identification of intracellular signaling cascades involved in CTA, but not late responsive genes underlying the long-lasting behavioral plasticity. In this study, we explored in silico experiments to identify persistent changes in gene expression associated with CTA in rats. We used oligonucleotide microarrays to identify 248 genes in the amygdala regulated by CTA. Pathway Studio and IPA software analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes in the amygdala fall in diverse functional categories such as behavior, psychological disorders, nervous system development and function, and cell-to-cell signaling. Conditioned taste aversion is a complex behavioral trait which involves association of visceral and taste inputs, consolidation of taste and visceral information, memory formation, retrieval of stored information, and extinction phase. In silico analysis of differentially expressed genes is therefore necessary to manipulate specific phase/stage of CTA to understand the molecular insight.
Virtual Rendering based Second Life Mobile Application to Control Ambient Media Services (2013)

In this paper we propose the development details of a mobile client that allows virtual 3D avatar interaction and virtual 3D annotation control in Second Life. We established adaptation based virtual rendering of the Second Life client and encoded the real-time frames into video stream, which is suitable for mobile client rendering. Additionally, we re-mapped the touch-based interaction of the user and feed that to the Second Life client in a form of keyboard and mouse interactions. As a proof of concept, we annotated a virtual environment object in Second Life and linked that with a media service by UPnP [5]. Further, we captured the mobile interaction of the user and provided controller interface to change states of the media object through the virtual object interaction. We argue that by using the mobile Second Life virtual interface the user has a better look to monitor and control the home appliances. We present illustration of the prototype system and show its application in a smart environment setup.
The Promotion Effect of An Oxide Phase On Pd Electrocatalysts for the Oxidation of Ethanol: in Situ irras Studies in An Alkaline Environment (2013)

Abstract not Available.
SI3N4-SiC composites (1987)

On etudie les effets de particules et de trichites de SiC sur la tenacite et la resistance de composites a base de Si 3 N 4
Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin disease: new grading predicts prognosis in intermediate and advanced stages (2003)

The prognostic value of histologic classification and single histomorphologic parameters in Hodgkin disease has been widely debated in the literature. Whereas several former studies identified single parameters to be of clinical relevance, some recent reports have doubted the prognostic value of histology using modern treatment. Grading of the largest histologic category of Hodgkin disease, nodular sclerosis (NS), has been controversially discussed concerning clinical relevance. In this study, 965 cases of NS were reviewed to assess 9 histomorphologic parameters. The histologic results were correlated with laboratory and clinical findings and with overall survival and disease-free survival. Based on these results, a new grading of the NS category was established. The new grading, based on the 3 criteria eosinophilia, lymphocyte depletion, and atypia of the Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells, was a significant indicator of prognosis in intermediate and advanced stages. Patients investigated in this study represent an outstanding collection because all of them were enrolled in the prospective multicenter clinical trial of the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group. All of them had been staged uniformly according to the Ann Arbor system and had received stage-adapted modern treatment according to multimodality protocols. A subtle analysis of histology could represent a possible way to identify patients with a significantly better or worse prognosis. This new grading should help to avoid overtreatment to reduce severe therapy-related side effects such as acute toxicity and chronic sequelae such as cardiopulmonary complications and secondary neoplasias.
The reactions of transition metal chelates with organometallic compounds and their paramagnetic products. V—New possibilities in the generation of anion radicals by reactions of Grignard reagents and lithium alkyls in the presence of transition metal ions (1977)

Abstract In the reactions of Grignard reagents and n ‐butyllithium the presence of transition metals and complexing solvents facilitates the formation of anion radicals. High radical concentrations, observable for some days at laboratory temperature, and very well resolved e.s.r. spectra of the following structural types have been obtained using a relatively simple procedure: aromatic hydrocarbons, heteroaromatics, aldehydes, ketones, α‐diketones, enolates of β‐diketones, quinones, sulphones, sulphoxides, nitro‐, nitroso‐ and azo‐benzenes, cyano compounds and phosphine oxides. It is suggested that the transition metals, according to the type of reactants and the experimental conditions, mediate the transfer of one electron to the substrate in many reactions and stabilize the intermediate products as anion radicals. The variation of solvents and organometallic compounds modifies the reduction power of such systems and leads to the radical products in a different reduction state. The procedure described is advantageously employable in the generation of anion radicals, and the effect of transition metals which has been found may widen the scope of this phenomenon to many different applications.
How MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry can aid the diagnosis of hard-to-identify pathogenic bacteria – the rare and the unknown (2019)

<b>Introduction</b>: Ten years after its introduction into clinical microbiology, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry has become the standard routine identification tool for bacteria in most laboratories. The technology has accelerated analyses and improved the quality of results. The greatest significance has been observed for bacteria that were challenging to be identified by traditional methods. <b>Areas covered</b>: We searched in existing literature (Pubmed) for reports how MALDI-TOF MS has contributed to identification of rare and unknown bacteria from different groups. We describe how this has improved the diagnostics in different groups of bacteria. Reference patterns for strains which yet cannot be assigned to a known species even enable the search for related bacteria in studies as well as in routine diagnostics. MALDI-TOF MS can help to discover and investigate new species and their clinical relevance. It is a powerful tool in the elucidation of the bacterial composition of complex microbiota in culturomics studies. <b>Expert opinion</b>: MALDI-TOF MS has improved the diagnosis of bacterial infections. It also enables knowledge generation for prospective diagnostics. The term 'hard-to-identify' might only be rarely attributed to bacteria in the future. Novel applications are being developed, e.g. subspecies differentiation, typing, and antibiotic resistance testing which may further contribute to improved microbial diagnostics.
GM‐CSF and B7‐1 (CD80) co‐stimulatory signals co‐operate in the induction of effective anti‐tumor immunity in syngeneic mice (1997)

B7-1 (CD80) co-stimulatory molecule gene–transduced Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells (LLC/B7 cells) resulted in remarkable loss of tumorigenicity in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice (87.5% rejection) compared to B7-negative, wild-type LLC (LLC/wt) cells (0% rejection). However, mice that had rejected LLC/B7 cells developed almost no systemic immunity protective against challenge with wild-type tumor cells after 4 weeks (11.8% rejection). Enhancement of MHC class I (H-2Kb) expression of LLC/B7 cells with in vitro interferon-γ treatment did not result in enhancement of protective immunity. In vivo depletion assay revealed that abrogation of tumorigenicity in LLC/B7 depended on CD8+ T cells but not on CD4+ T cells. However, vaccination of C57BL/6 mice with irradiated LLC cells transduced with GM-CSF (LLC/GM) led to the induction of potent, specific immunity against challenge with the LLC/wt cells after 2 weeks (80.8% rejection). Next, we established a double transfectant of LLC cells expressing both B7-1 and GM-CSF (LLC/GM + B7). The tumorigenicity of these clonal cells was also remarkably suppressed (90% rejection) to the same degree as LLC/B7, whereas that of LLC/GM was not suppressed (0% rejection). Interestingly, mice that had rejected LLC/GM+B7 cells developed enhanced protective immunity against challenge with LLC/wt cells after 4 weeks (55.6% rejection) compared to the results of LLC/B7 cells (11.8%). To evaluate whether co-expression of GM-CSF and B7-1 enabled the tumor cells to activate cytotoxic T cells more efficiently than B7-1 alone, we performed an in vitro killing assay. We found that immunization with LLC/GM+B7 cells resulted in a 3-fold stronger cytotoxic response than that with LLC/B7. Our data indicate that co-transfection of the B7-1 co-stimulatory molecule and GM-CSF genes may be more effective for the induction of stronger protective immunity in this experimental system. Int. J. Cancer 73:556–561, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Distribution and heterogeneity of hepatitis C genotypes in hepatitis patients in Cameroon (2005)

Hepatitis C virus infects humans world-wide. The virus genome varies greatly and it has several genotypes. HCV infection is highly prevalent in Central Africa and Cameroon. Initial studies on the genetic variability of HCV showed infection with HCV genotypes 1, 2, and 4. We have now sequenced the NS5b and E2 regions of 156 HCV isolates collected from patients presenting for diagnosis in Yaounde and used the data to describe the distribution of HCV genotypes and subtypes in patients with hepatitis in Cameroon. Genotype 1 was more frequent than Genotypes 4 and 2. Genotypes 1 and 4 were highly heterogeneous, containing many subtypes described previously (1b, 1c, 1e, 1h, 1l, 4f, 4t, 4p, 4k) and unsubtyped groups. There was a systematic phylogenetic concordance between NS5b and E2 sequence clustering. The Genotype 2 sequences did not vary. Neither subject age nor gender influenced HCV distribution. HCV Genotypes 1 and 4 are very heterogeneous in Cameroon, perhaps due to ancient infections. The homogeneity of HCV Genotype 2 indicates its more recent introduction from western Africa.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Phthalidylidene Dichloride with Primary Amines. Synthesis and X‐Ray Molecular Structure of N‐Substituted Phthalisoimides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Edge coloring BIBDS and constructing MOELRs (2010)

Chapter 1 is used to introduce the basic tools and mechanics used within this thesis. Some historical uses and background are touched upon as well. The majority of the definitions are contained within this chapter as well. In Chapter 2 we consider the question whether one can decompose λ copies of monochromatic Kv into copies of Kk such that each copy of the Kk contains at most one edge from each Kv. This is called a proper edge coloring (Hurd, Sarvate, [29]). The majority of the content in this section is a wide variety of examples to explain the constructions used in Chapters 3 and 4. In Chapters 3 and 4 we investigate how to properly color BIBD(v, k, λ) for k = 4, and 5. Not only will there be direct constructions of relatively small BIBDs, we also prove some generalized constructions used within. In Chapter 5 we talk about an alternate solution to Chapters 3 and 4. A purely graph theoretical solution using matchings, augmenting paths, and theorems about the edgechromatic number is used to develop a theorem that than covers all possible cases. We also discuss how this method performed compared to the methods in Chapters 3 and 4. In Chapter 6, we switch topics to Latin rectangles that have the same number of symbols and an equivalent sized matrix to Latin squares. Suppose ab = n2. We define an equitable Latin rectangle as an a × b matrix on a set of n symbols where each symbol appears either [b/n] or [b/n] times in each row of the matrix and either [a/n] or [a/n] times in each column of the matrix. Two equitable Latin rectangles are orthogonal in the usual way. Denote a set of ka × b mutually orthogonal equitable Latin rectangles as a k–MOELR(a, b; n). We show that there exists a k–MOELR(a, b; n) for all a, b, n where k is at least 3 with some exceptions.
Analysis of Stresses in Concrete Near a Reinforcing Bar Due to Bond and Transverse Cracking (1970)

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