gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment Performance Tracking of Multiple Target Prospects - A Statistical Approach (2014)

Summary Systematic tracking of exploration results relative to pre-drill predictions is challenging, but important. It is a means both to motivate assessment quality and to improve the assessments produced by the exploration team. Unbiased, accurate and consistent assessments are key for effective exploration decisions. This paper deals with the case where a single well targets multiple zones, compartments or reservoirs in a prospect. Most companies handle the situation as a case of multiple distinct targets. However, while simple, this approach ignores to what extent assessment has handled estimation of risk dependencies and volume correlations between targets. A key challenge for tracking assessments of multiple target prospects is tracking the estimates of risk dependencies between the targets: single well results do not give clear feedback on this estimate. We present an exploration program-level statistical measure of the quality both at the level of aggregate risk dependency estimates and at the level of the individual chance (risk) factor dependency estimates. The procedure is demonstrated with a hypothetical, but illustrative drilling program. Implementation of multiple target prospect assessment performance tracking should both improve assessments of this class of exploration ventures and stimulate more robust, accurate and transparent estimation of prospect-scale risk dependencies.
Membrane interlocking domains in the lens. (1986)

"Ball and socket"-like membrane processes interlock fiber cells in the sheep lens cortex, but appear reduced deeper in the lens. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) binds preferentially to these ball and socket structures, and more weakly to other membrane regions. On protein blots, 125I WGA binds to glycoproteins with 140,000 and 32,000 apparent molecular weight, the smaller protein also binding 125I fibronectin. In two animal cataract models, the intense WGA labeling of globular bodies replaces the spotty WGA staining pattern associated with the ball and sockets in the normal lens.
A Strategy for Generating Naked‐Metal Clusters for Gas‐Phase Reactivity Studies by FTICR–MS (2003)

Facile generation of naked-metal particles by stripping the ligands from transition-metal–carbonyl clusters for gas-phase studies by FTICR–MS is achieved by using ESI combined with collision induced dissociation (see picture).
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIC ANELLATED DERIVATIVES OF STRYCHNINE: IMIDAZO‐, OXAZOLO‐ AND (1,3‐DIOXOLO)STRYCHNINE (1979)

Abstract Auf der Suche nach Verbindungen, die bei mindestens gleich starker vasodilatatorischer Aktivität wie Strychnin (Ik) Vorteile in bezug auf die unerwünschte konvulsive Wirkung aufweisen, wird die Struktur von (Ik) variiert.
AlGaN/ GaN nanoscale HEMT with Arc shaped gate and stacked HfO<inf>2</inf>-SiO<inf>2</inf> gate dielectric (2014)

This paper presents for the first time Arc shaped gate and arc shaped stacked gate dielectric with cap layer Nanoscale AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor for realization of normally-off HEMT with reduced gate leakage current. An excellent high drain current of 1.182×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> A/um at 0.881 threshold voltage along with satisfactory I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> current ratio of 8.62×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> is obtained.
On a property of the soft bit density associated with loglikelihood ratios of a binary AWGN channel (2010)

We derive a relation between the unconditional and conditional (conditioned on the input bit X to be either 0 or 1) densities of the expected bit value, the so-called‘soft bit’ A, given the log-likelihood ratios L(X) at the output of an AWGN channel. Both quantities are connected via the relation Λ = tanh(L/2). Denoting the unimodal, conditional soft bit density as f Λlx,uni (λ|x) and the bimodal unconditional density as f Λ,bi (λ) we prove the following property: the mean of the conditional soft bit distribution is equal to the variance of the unconditional soft bit σ2 ι,bi , i.e. µ ι|X,uni = σ2 ι,bi . This property is rooted in the consistency property of the associated L-value density.
Albumin-mediated Regulation of Cellular Glutathione and Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation (2000)

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a cystine-rich serum protein taken up by many cells through receptor-mediated and fluid-phase endocytosis. We hypothesized that HSA may play a role in modulating cellular antioxidant redox signaling. Lung epithelial cells (A549), fibroblasts (HFL1), and blood lymphocytes had increased glutathione (GSH) levels after 8 h incubation with HSA. Similar GSH increases were observed with either plasma-derived or recombinant HSA. Serum depleted of HSA had no effect on cellular GSH. The GSH increase was also observed in normal murine lungs upon in vivo airway instillation of HSA. GSH enhancement was not related to the redox state of the free cysteine residue (Cys-34) on HSA, however, reduction of disulfide bonds in HSA inhibited the increase in cellular GSH. In addition, the albumin-mediated increase in GSH was inhibited by the vacuolar (H(+))-ATPase inhibitors, bafilomycin A(1) and concanamycin, as well as by the membrane pH-disrupting ionophore monensin, but not by 20 mM NH(4)Cl. The degree to which albumin increased GSH levels was sufficient to protect cells against H(2)O(2)-mediated cytotoxicity and to decrease TNF-alpha-mediated NF-kappaB activation. We conclude that albumin specifically modulates cellular GSH levels, an effect sufficient to protect cells against oxidant injury and regulate NF-kappaB activation.
Photovoltaic-array/power-conditioner interface (1982)

Two years' of effort to improve terrestrial flat-plate photovoltaic (PV) system efficiency through increased understanding of the array/power conditioner interface is reported. The flat-plate PV array is a highly variable source of dc electrical energy due to changing insolation and other factors. Computer simulation based on statistically typical weather data is used to analyze the terrestrial flat-plate PV source and to define the optimal characteristics of its interface with the power-conditioning subsystem. It is found that less than 5% of the annual available energy will be lost by operating most PV systems at a fixed voltage and that even after array degradation, maximum-power-point tracking usually will not present a significantly larger advantage over fixed-voltage operation. Experiments show that open-loop tracking using a new pilot-cell concept is also a viable array-operating strategy. Finally, power conditioner sizing is examined and techniques are developed for estimating the annual operating efficiency and the maximum dc voltage requirement of a power conditioner.
Strategies for Network Slicing Negotiation in a Dynamic Resource Market (2019)

One of the disruptive innovations introduced by 5G networks is the opportunity for a new group of stakeholders to be actively involved in the management of network slices with the role of tenants. This allows to go beyond the user-centric QoS paradigm of 4G, and to include tools for handling the aggregate performance of multiple services and user groups and to focus on slice resource management, also at the new 5G NR interface. So far, research efforts have privileged a first solution based on the concept of isolation between slices. However, proposed solutions are not particularly efficient due to the loss of pooling gains, and not very reliable due to variable channel conditions that with slice limited resources make performance not easily predictable. We propose a slice management framework where the shared resources are negotiated by tenants in a real-time market based on slice instantaneous demands. Our model, based on game theory, allows tenants to optimize their service strategies acquiring resources when and where it is necessary, according to the level of quality and reliability requested by the specific traffic types they handle. In this paper, we focus on modeling the game theoretical framework and on characterizing its equilibria in a multi-tenant scenario.
Insertion into lipid bilayer of truncated pHLIP ® peptide (2016)

The investigation of pH-dependent membrane-associated folding has both fundamental interest and practical applications for targeting of acidic tumors and specific delivery of therapeutic molecules across membrane of cancer cells. We and others investigated molecular mechanism and medical uses of class of water soluble membrane peptides, pH (Low) Insertion Peptides (pHLIP<sup>®</sup> peptides). Here we employed optical spectroscopy methods to study interactions of the truncated pHLIP<sup>®</sup> peptide (Short pHLIP<sup>®</sup>) with lipid bilayer of membrane. Tryptophan fluorescence, CD and OCD data indicate on pH-triggered formation of transmembrane helical structure. Dual quenching and FRET assays demonstrated that Short pHLIP<sup>®</sup> peptide spans lipid bilayer of membrane similar to Long pHLIP<sup>®</sup> peptides. Truncated pHLIP<sup>®</sup> peptides with multiple charged and protonatable residues in their sequences potentially can make these peptides to be less hydrophobic compared to Long pHLIP<sup>®</sup> peptides, and might have utility in tumor imaging, and potentially, in pH-regulated cytoplasmic delivery of moderately hydrophobic drugs.
Accurate and efficient computation of power plane pair inductance (2012)

The computation of the power-plane inductance for multiple ports is an important part of the PDN design. In this paper, we present an efficient approach for the inductance computation. Since this PEEC approach is based on partial inductance computations, vias and other discontinuities can accurately be taken into account. Speed-up techniques are employed like the faster decay of the coupling due to the symmetry, sparsification and simplification of the partial mutual inductance evaluation. Also, an approximate rectangular mesh reduction method is introduced which allows a local increase in mesh density.
Development of novel algorithm and real-time monitoring ambulatory system using Bluetooth module for fall detection in the elderly (2005)

Novel algorithm and real-time ambulatory monitoring system for fall detection in elderly people is described. Our system is comprised of accelerometer, tilt sensor and gyroscope. For real-time monitoring, we used Bluetooth. Accelerometer measures kinetic force, tilt sensor and gyroscope estimates body posture. Also, we suggested algorithm using signals which obtained from the system attached to the chest for fall detection. To evaluate our system and algorithm, we experimented on three people aged over 26 years. The experiment of four cases such as forward fall, backward fall, side fall and sit-stand was repeated ten times and the experiment in daily life activity was performed one time to each subject. These experiments showed that our system and algorithm could distinguish between falling and daily life activity. Moreover, the accuracy of fall detection is 96.7%. Our system is especially adapted for long-time and real-time ambulatory monitoring of elderly people in emergency situation.
URE, an Initiator (Inr)-like Site, Suppresses the Promoter of the Rat Dynorphin Gene (1997)

We previously identified a DNA binding element termed the upstream regulatory element (URE) that contains the consensus initiator sequence (Inr) in the upstream promoter of the rat prodynorphin gene. The URE displays specific binding to the upstream regulatory element binding protein (UREB1), a novel transcription regulator. Here, we report that the URE functions as a suppressor element. A series of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporters (pCAT) were constructed by subcloning either wild-type or mutated URE sequences into a pCAT reporter plasmid 5' of bases -135 to +58 of the prodynorphin gene. The basal -135 to +58 dynorphin promoter (pCAT 0.2) has robust transcriptional activity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells but not in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. This robust transcriptional activity was completely inhibited in the presence of wildtype URE, whereas the mutations of the URE had no effect. Gel mobility shift assays showed that the complex formed by the URE and nuclear protein extracts can be competed by addition of wild-type URE oligonucleotide but not by specific mutations of the URE, defining particular bases required for protein interaction with the URE. The identical URE sequence is also found upstream in the promoter of human macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (hMIP 1 beta). The suppressive activity of the rat dynorphin URE can be replaced by the hMIP 1 beta URE. These data suggest that the URE may serve as a suppressor element in the regulation of dynorphin and hMIP 1 beta gene transcription.
Genetic code symmetry and efficient design of GC-constrained coding sequences (2007)

An implementation of the proposed algorithm is available upon request from the authors.
Tax Burdens in American Agriculture: An Intersectoral Comparison (1982)

Major changes In the agncultural sector have prompted many observers to queslJon the necessIty and deSllablhty of main· tammg specific tax prOVISions which benefit farmers-for ex· ample, cash accountmg, expensing capital costs for groves, orchards, and vmeyards, and allowmg farl1).ers to treat gams on sales of qualIfying hvestock held for draft, breedIng, drury, or sportIng purposes as capital gams Many economIsts and tax experts beheve that farmers no longer need the prefer­ entIal treatment contamed In the Internal Revenue Code Others clrum that farming has not changed substanlIaily and that farmers stdl need these provlSlons StIll others suggest that changes In the agncultural sector and hIgher land values have created new problems for farmers that warrant addJtIonai tax rehef
A Weighted Selection Algorithm for Certain Tree-Structured Linear Programs (1984)

We solve a simple class of linear programming problems with tree-structured constraint matrices. Our procedure separates the problem into a sequence of continuous knapsack problems, each of which requires linear time to solve, for total solution time no worse than proportional to the number of nonzero entries in the original constraint matrix. The model arises in portfolio selection, advertising, and inventory and production planning.
Proper statistical methods required to compare clinical measurements (2005)

Reply: We are pleased to see that Schachar has read our recent article on accommodation measurements in a pre-presbyopic and presbyopic population.1 The purpose of the paper was to identify appropriate methods to do objective accommodation measurements in the target population of accommodation restoration procedures and to show that subjective measurements of accommodation overestimate the true objectively measured accommodative amplitude. Regression analysis was simply used to illustrate the differences between methods, not to perform a statistical analysis. We are, of course, aware of the Bland-Altman analysis as a statistical procedure to compare methods.2 In our paper, we clearly demonstrate and describe that there are individual variations in accommodative amplitude due to interindividual differences in response to pilocarpine and trial lens-induced blur. The coefficient of variation that Schachar used simply expresses this interindividual variation and does not, as he suggests, evaluate the precision of the measurement methods. A Bland-Altman analysis of the data would also simply express the interindividual variations and not evaluate the precision of the measurement methods. We made no claims about the precision of the Hartinger measurements based on the results in our study. It is Schachar's attempt to evaluate the precision of the Hartinger measurements with our data rather than the conclusions we reached that is without scientific merit. The point of our paper, and indeed the very reason we undertook the study, was to demonstrate that objective tests exist for accommodation measurement. It is the use of such objective accommodation measurements that demonstrates the absence of accommodation restoration in scleral expansion patients.3,4 A statistical analysis is not required to identify the inadequacy of subjective accommodation measurements to show a true dioptric change in the optical power of the eye or the inadequacy of subjective accommodation measurements to assess accommodation restoration procedures. We look forward to studies of scientific merit by Schachar and others interested in accommodation restoration procedures published in peer-reviewed scientific journals that use objective accommodation measurements and appropriate statistical methods to prove the worth of these accommodation restoration procedures. Lisa Ostrin Adrian Glasser PhD
Sequence of the N-terminal half of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase (1980)

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase (1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase. EC 3.2.1.1), which is commercially supplied as 'Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase' does not cross-react immunologically with B. subtilis alpha-amylase. This enzyme (from B. amyloliquefaciens) was cleaved by treatment with CNBr into seven fragments. Peptide A was selected for sequence determination. It is the longest one, containing 185 amino acids (i.e. approx. 50% of the total molecule) and connects to the hexapeptide of the N-terminus. Its primary structure was aligned by use of various proteolytic enzymes. The sequence of amino acids 181-184 is identical with that of amino acids 14-17 of the alpha-amylase isolated from B. subtilis (except that amino acid 183 is asparagine rather than aspartic acid).
HOMA-IR and Its Association with Metabolic Risk Factors among Korean Adolescents (2011)

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the distribution of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, and its association with metabolic risk factors among Korean adolescents. Methods: This study was based on data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008∼2009. Data from 2,035 adolescents (1,053 boys, 982 girls; aged 10∼19 years) were analyzed. We classified all subjects into four groups, based on the quartiles of HOMA-IR, and the highest quartile group was defined as the group with insulin resistance. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the independent risk factors for insulin resistance. Results: The highest quartile values of HOMA-IR representing insulin res istance were 3.4 for boys and 3.6 for girls. Mean body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), fasting glucose and insulin increased, whereas HDL cholesterol decreased with increased HOMA-IR. We found HOMA-IR has significant positive correlation with waist circumference, triglyceride, ALT level and systolic/diastolic blood pressure, while it has negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol level (p＜0.005). Independent predictors (odds ratio) for insulin resistance were elevated ALT (3.53 for boys; 4.04 for girls), central obesity (3.01 for boys; 3.20 for girls), and hypertriglyceridemia (3.03 for boys; 1.94 for girls). Conclusion: Metabolic risk factors were strongly associated with insulin resistance, defined as highest quartile values of HOMA-IR (≥3.4 for boys and ≥3.6 for girls). These values could be useful as a marker of insulin resistance and metabolic risk in Korean adolescents. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 376∼384)
Fabrication of polymer optical fibres for radiation sensing (2015)

We report on the use of billet ram extrusion as a method for fabrication of microstructured polymer optical fibres for radiation sensing applications. Extrusion and fibre drawing conditions conditions are investigated to determine their impact on optical performance.
Electron‐impact induced fragmentation of spiro‐1‐pyrazolines (1992)

Abstract The positive‐ion electron impact mass spectra of twelve spiro‐1‐pyrazolines have been recorded as 70 eV electron energy and the dat analyzed to elucidate their fragmentation pathways. None of these compounds gave abundant molecular ions (M + ) due to the instability of the pyrazoline ring. The first step in the decomposition of M + ions is the elimination of a nitrogen molecule followed by a rearrangement resulting in the formation of the cation radical [M–28] + , the decomposition of which is discussed in detail. The proposed fragmentation pathways and their mechanisms are supported by high‐resolution data, linked‐scan measurements at constant B / E and collision‐induced dissociation‐mass‐analyzed ion kinetic energy spectra.
Dimerization and membrane anchors in extracellular targeting of vancomycin group antibiotics (1995)

Antibiotics of the vancomycin group are shown to enhance their affinities for the bacterial cell wall by the devices of either dimerization (vancomycin and other glycopeptides which dimerize even more strongly) or use of a membrane anchor (teicoplanin); a chelate mechanism is suggested in both cases, as supported by antagonism experiments with the cell wall analog di-N-acetyl-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala. These results may have implications for other binding processes which occur near membrane surfaces.
Enhanced 6P Transaction Methods for Industrial 6TiSCH Wireless Networks (2020)

IEEE802.15.4 time-slotted channel hopping (TSCH) is designed to provide reliability even in harsh wireless networks compromised by metal structures and external noise. TSCH provides reliability through coordinated communication based on link schedule however, no policies regarding this are defined by the IEEE802.15.4 standard. 6TiSCH (IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE802.15.4e) provides management policies and link schedule negotiation mechanism that are not defined in the standard, and many studies are based on it. However, in most link-scheduling studies, 6top protocol (6P) for link schedule negotiation remains a premise, and the effect of harsh networks on 6P is rarely considered. Experimental results demonstrate that the performance of 6P is degraded due to the loss of 6P packets and transaction errors. These problems can threaten the fundamentals of existing link-scheduling studies. The main disadvantage of 6P in heavy traffic low-power and lossy networks (LLN)s is that nodes indiscriminately generate 6P requests according to their own demand. In this study, we analyze the performance and problems of 6P in harsh networks and propose parent-initiated 6P transaction and transaction revert methods to overcome such problems. The proposed methods enable stable cell negotiation even in LLNs under heavy traffic load through coordinated transactions of a parent based on the cell requirement of a child. The proposed methods are implemented using OpenWSN, an open-source project that implements the 6TiSCH IoT network stack, and its performance is evaluated through extensive experimentation. The results reveal that the proposed methods improve the success rate of 6P transactions and PDR of data packets by over 100% and 22%, respectively.
Visualization of contractions: Evaluation of a new experience design concept to enhance the childbirth experience (2023)

In this pilot study, we evaluated a new experience design proposition for pregnancy and childbirth. This study generated data that will help to further improve and evaluate similar innovations in the future. This application may facilitate participatory care, promoting active involvement of parents in the healthcare processes of pregnancy and childbirth.