gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RAIDframe: A Rapid Prototyping Tool for RAID Systems (1997)

Redundant disk arrays provide highly-available, high-performance disk storage to a wide variety of applications. Because these applications often have distinct cost, performance, capacity, and availability requirements, researchers continue to develop new array architectures. RAIDframe was developed to assist researchers in the implementation and evaluation of these new architectures. It was designed specifically to reduce the burden of implementation by restricting code changes to mapping, algorithms and other functions that are known to be specific to an array architecture. Algorithms are executed using a general mechanism which automates the recovery from device errors, such as a failed disk read. RAIDframe enables a single implementation to be evaluated in a self-contained simulator, or against real disks as either a user process or a functional device driver. 1995, 1996, Carnegie Mellon University. All rights reserved. This research is supported in part by the National Science Foundation through the Data Storage Systems Center, an NSF engineering research center, under grant number ECD-8907068 and an AT&amp;amp;T fellowship. It is also supported in part by industry members of the Parallel DataConsortium, including: Hewlett-Packard, Data General Corporation, Digital Equipment Corporation, International Business Machines, Seagate Technology, Storage Technology, and Symbios Logic. Keywords: disk array, storage, architecture, simulation, directed acyclic graph, software. RAIDframe: A Rapid Prototyping Tool for RAID Systems v Version 1.0 6/24/96
A Stable Manganese Pincer Catalyst for the Selective Dehydrogenation of Methanol (2016)

For the first time, structurally defined manganese pincer complexes catalyze the dehydrogenation of aqueous methanol to hydrogen and carbon dioxide, which is a transformation of interest with regard to the implementation of a hydrogen and methanol economy. Excellent long-term stability was demonstrated for the Mn-PNPiPr catalyst, as a turnover of more than 20 000 was reached. In addition to methanol, other important hydrogen carriers were also successfully dehydrogenated.
Pymetrozine, a Fast-Acting and Selective Inhibitor of Aphid Feeding.In-situStudies with Electronic Monitoring of Feeding Behaviour (1997)

Pymetrozine, a pyridine azomethine compound, represents a novel insecticide with a selective activity against homopteran insects. It acts in a unique way: aphids are not knocked down on contact but seem to die of starvation. This implies an effect of pymetrozine on feeding behaviour. The aim of the present work was to elucidate how and at which step pymetrozine interferes with the complex mechanisms underlying phloem feeding. The effect of pymetrozine, applied in various ways, on different phases of stylet penetration and feeding activity of individual aphids was studied using the Electrical Penetration Graph technique (EPG). Initial choice experiments indicated that pymetrozine does not have a deterrent or antifeedant action. Topical application (150 ng pymetrozine mg-1 fresh weight) inhibited stylet insertion into the plant. When injected, less than 30 ng mg-1 was sufficient to produce the same effect. When pymetrozine was systemically applied via plant spraying or root uptake, aphids started feeding normally. After some time, however, they withdrew their stylets from the phloem and walked around with unaffected locomotion. At low doses aphids eventually recovered and resumed feeding. High doses, however, irreversibly disrupted feeding and prevented stylet reinsertion. Aphid motility was not affected up to an estimated haemolymph concentration of 1 mM pymetrozine. Aphids which eventually stopped feeding on pymetrozine-treated plants showed EPGs with distorted salivation/ingestion patterns. It is concluded that pymetrozine does not have a general toxic effect on aphids but selectively interferes with the nervous regulation of feeding behaviour which consequently results in death due to starvation after a few days. © 1997 SCI.
Image recovery from data acquired with a charge-coupled-device camera (1993)

A model for data acquired with the use of a charge-coupled-device camera is given and is then used for developing a new iterative method for restoring intensities of objects observed with such a camera. The model includes the effects of point spread, photoconversion noise, readout noise, nonuniform flat-field response, nonuniform spectral response, and extraneous charge carriers resulting from bias, dark current, and both internal and external background radiation. An iterative algorithm is identified that produces a sequence of estimates converging toward a constrained maximum-likelihood estimate of the intensity distribution of an imaged object. An example is given for restoring images from data acquired with the use of the Hubble Space Telescope.
Suppression of all-optical switching in He+ -irradiated Co/Pt multilayers: influence of the domain-wall energy (2018)

International audience
Monitoring the quality of education: exploration of concept, methodology, and the link between research and policy (2010)

The main aim of this chapter is to argue that a sound conceptualization and methodology for measuring the quality of education is a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for establishing a link between research and policy to improve the quality of education. The following elements have been provided to support this argument: (1) a literature review of the different concepts and methods of measuring the quality of education that are in place internationally, as well as their importance; (2) a UNESCO desk review of 35 developing countries to compare the way educational quality is featured and monitored in National Education Sector Plans (NESPs); and (3) case studies of two developing countries focusing on the implementation of research to measure the quality of education, its impact, and the link between research and policy. It was found that the quality of education is recognized as an important factor in most NESPs, but it has not been defined, measured, or interpreted in a consistent way. Furthermore, while sophisticated and innovative methodologies have already been developed to measure the quality of education, the processes of linking research results with policy still seem to be at a developmental stage. This is a challenge not only for researchers and policy makers, but also for development partners to ensure that (i) policy and planning become more firmly grounded in objectively verifiable scientific evidence and (ii) through its impact on policy and planning, research leads to improvements in the quality of education.
PD-1 Inhibitors for Recurrent High Grade Glioma (HGG) (P6.294) (2016)

Background: Treatment options for recurrent high grade gliomas (HGG) are limited. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 are expressed in tumor lymphocytes and glioma cells and negatively regulate T cell responses. PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are under investigation in the treatment of various malignancies, and pembrolizumab and nivolumab are available for off-label use. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors off-label for recurrent HGG and explored safety and efficacy. 12 patients (7 men), median age 54 (range 18-69) with anaplastic astrocytoma (AA, 2) or glioblastoma (GBM, 10) were included. All patients received prior radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ). PD-1 therapy with pembrolizumab 2mg/kg every 3 weeks (11) or nivolumab 3m/kg every 2 weeks (1) was administered for 2nd (3), 3rd (4), or 4th (5) recurrence. Results: All patients received concurrent therapy with PD-1 inhibitor. Combinations included bevacizumab (bev, 3), bev + nitrosoureas (2), and bev + RT, bev + TMZ + RT, bev + hydroxyurea + RT, bev + imatinib, bev + Novo-TTF, RT alone, and TMZ alone (1 each). Five patients were receiving corticosteroids (dexamethasone, 1.0-8.0mg/day) at the initiation of PD-1 directed therapy. Known toxicities associated with PD-1 inhibitors including transaminitis (3), hypothyroidism (1), and hyponatremia (1) were observed. One patient discontinued therapy due to toxicity. No toxicities unique to patients with central nervous system malignancies were seen. Best observed responses by Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria include partial response (2), stable disease (4) and progressive disease (6). Three patients with initial progressive disease may have had pseudoprogression, as follow-up imaging revealed stabilization, response, or unknown (1 each). Responders remain controlled with follow up from 1.9-7.1 months. Survival data is immature and will be presented. Conclusions: PD-1 inhibitors can be safely used in patients with HGG undergoing other therapies including re-irradiation.
A PMUT based photoacoustic system as a microfluidic concentration detector (2022)

We report on the development of a novel piezo-MEMS-based optofluidic platform to detect the concentration of various species dissolved in a fluid. This platform employs piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (PMUTs) to work as a photoacoustic receiver, receiving ultrasound from fluid targets present in microfluidic channels while illuminated with a nanosecond pulsed laser. We fabricate both the PMUTs and the microfluidic channels and subsequently use them for the experiment. We also show the capability of PMUTs as a general photoacoustic receiver and demonstrate its signal-to-noise characteristics (~31) and its wide fractional bandwidth (~73%).
Supplementary Table S3 from Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Unifies Developmental Programs of Esophageal and Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This table contains marker genes identified in the pairwise comparison of clusters defined as columnar cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Enhancing Security in Correlated Channel With Maximal Ratio Combining Diversity (2012)

In this correspondence, we consider a confidential communication through slow non-selective correlated Rayleigh fading channel, where a single antenna transmitter communicates at a pre-decided constant rate with a legitimate receiver in the presence of an eavesdropper. Both the legitimate receiver and eavesdropper are equipped with multiple antennas and employ maximal ratio combining (MRC) reception scheme. With the presence of channel diversity, we find the closed-form expressions for the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity and the outage probability of secrecy capacity in terms of channel parameters such as correlation coefficient and the ratio of main and eavesdropper channel gains that will be called average channel gain ratio (CGR). The analysis of secure outage performance with the MRC diversity scheme tells how the channel diversity enhances the secrecy capacity. We quantify the effect of antenna correlation on the probability of positive secrecy capacity and the secure outage probability. We also investigate how the target secrecy rate influences the effect of antenna correlation on the secure outage probability. Moreover, as a result of obtaining the closed-form expressions for the probability of positive secrecy capacity and the outage probability, it is insightful to see how the channel parameters affect the secure outage performance of the correlated channels.
Investigations of an Unexpected [2+2] Photocycloaddition in the Synthesis of (−)-Scabrolide A from Quantum Mechanics Calculations (2022)

We utilize ab initio quantum mechanics calculations to evaluate a range of plausible mechanistic pathways for the unexpected formation of a [6-4-4] ring system from an enone-olefin photocycloaddition in the synthesis of (-)-scabrolide A, previously reported by our group. We present a mechanistic analysis that is consistent with all current experimental observations, including the photoexcitation, the C-C bond formation, and the associated chemo- and diastereoselectivity.
Modelagem por elementos finitos do comportamento do concreto nas primeiras idades (2009)

Neste trabalho é apresentado um modelo computacional, baseado no método dos elementos finitos, para a simulação do comportamento de peças de concreto nas primeiras idades, tendo, em especial, o propósito de avaliar o potencial risco de fissuração. A análise por elementos finitos abrange a modelagem computacional dos fenômenos químicos, térmicos, de difusão de umidade e mecânicos que ocorrem nos primeiros dias após o lançamento do concreto. Os resultados desta modelagem computacional foram comparados com valores experimentais encontrados na literatura, demonstrando excelente aproximação em todas as etapas de solução implementadas.
The Specific Polysaccharide of Type VI Pneumococcus. I. Preparation, Properties and Reactions1 (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Specific Polysaccharide of Type VI Pneumococcus. I. Preparation, Properties and Reactions1Paul A. Rebers and Michael HeidelbergerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 10, 2415–2419Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01519a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01519a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reducing Particle Exposure and SARS-CoV-2 Risk in Built Environments through Accurate Virtual Twins and Computational Fluid Dynamics (2022)

The World Health Organization has pointed out that airborne transmission via aerosol particles can be a strong vector for the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Protecting occupants from infectious diseases or harmful particulate matter (PM) in general can be challenging. While experimentally outlining the detailed flow of PM in rooms may require complex setups, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can provide insights into improving the safety of the built environment and the most effective positioning of air-purifying devices. While previous studies have typically leveraged Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approaches for predicting particle propagation, the turbulence length scales accurately captured in these simulations may not be sufficient to provide a realistic spread and the mixing of particles under the effects of forced convection. In this paper, we experimentally validate a Lattice Boltzmann very large eddy simulation (VLES) approach including particle modeling. We also demonstrate how this simulation approach can be used to improve the effectiveness of air filtration devices in realistic office environments.
HB-EGF promotes epithelial cell migration in eyelid development (2005)

Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF family of growth factors that binds to and activates the EGF receptor (EGFR) and ERBB4. Here, we show that HB-EGF-EGFR signaling is involved in eyelid development. HB-EGF expression is restricted to the tip of the leading edge of the migrating epithelium during eyelid closure in late gestation mouse embryos. Both HB-EGF null (HB(del/del)) and secretion-deficient (HB(uc/uc)) mutant embryos exhibited delayed eyelid closure, owing to slower leading edge extension and reduced actin bundle formation in migrating epithelial cells. No changes in cell proliferation were observed in these embryos. In addition, activation of EGFR and ERK was decreased in HB(del/del) eyelids. Crosses between HB(del/del) mice and waved 2 mice, a hypomorphic EGFR mutant strain, indicate that HB-EGF and EGFR interact genetically in eyelid closure. Together with our data showing that embryos treated with an EGFR-specific kinase inhibitor phenocopy HB(del/del) embryos, these data indicate that EGFR mediates HB-EGF-dependent eyelid closure. Finally, analysis of eyelid closure in TGFalpha-null mice and in HB-EGF and TGFalpha double null mice revealed that HB-EGF and TGFalpha contribute equally to and function synergistically in this process. These results indicate that soluble HB-EGF secreted from the tip of the leading edge activates the EGFR and ERK pathway, and that synergy with TGFalpha is required for leading edge extension in epithelial sheet migration during eyelid closure.
The PHARAO Space Clock: Results on the Ground Operation of the Engineering Model (2007)

We present the first results of the engineering model of the cold atom space clock PHARAO. A relative frequency stability of 4.2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-13</sup> t <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-½</sup> with a quartz oscillator and of 2.5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-13</sup> t <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-½</sup> with a cryogenic oscilletar have been obtained on the ground with a single path in a Ramsey cavity designed for microgravity operation.
Machine Learning for Adrenal Gland Segmentation and Classification of Normal and Adrenal Masses at CT (2022)

Background Adrenal masses are common, but radiology reporting and recommendations for management can be variable. Purpose To create a machine learning algorithm to segment adrenal glands on contrast-enhanced CT images and classify glands as normal or mass-containing and to assess algorithm performance. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included two groups of contrast-enhanced abdominal CT examinations (development data set and secondary test set). Adrenal glands in the development data set were manually segmented by radiologists. Images in both the development data set and the secondary test set were manually classified as normal or mass-containing. Deep learning segmentation and classification models were trained on the development data set and evaluated on both data sets. Segmentation performance was evaluated with use of the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and classification performance with use of sensitivity and specificity. Results The development data set contained 274 CT examinations (251 patients; median age, 61 years; 133 women), and the secondary test set contained 991 CT examinations (991 patients; median age, 62 years; 578 women). The median model DSC on the development test set was 0.80 (IQR, 0.78-0.89) for normal glands and 0.84 (IQR, 0.79-0.90) for adrenal masses. On the development reader set, the median interreader DSC was 0.89 (IQR, 0.78-0.93) for normal glands and 0.89 (IQR, 0.85-0.97) for adrenal masses. Interreader DSC for radiologist manual segmentation did not differ from automated machine segmentation (<i>P</i> = .35). On the development test set, the model had a classification sensitivity of 83% (95% CI: 55, 95) and specificity of 89% (95% CI: 75, 96). On the secondary test set, the model had a classification sensitivity of 69% (95% CI: 58, 79) and specificity of 91% (95% CI: 90, 92). Conclusion A two-stage machine learning pipeline was able to segment the adrenal glands and differentiate normal adrenal glands from those containing masses. © RSNA, 2022 <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i>
Photopatterning of Poly(arylene dienylene) by the Photoacid-Catalyzed Deprotection−Elimination Reaction of a Precursor Polymer (2010)

Precursor polymers prepared from 1,4-dialkoxy-1,4-diarylcyclohexane monomers are converted to the conjugated poly(arylene dienylene)s during the course of an acid-catalyzed deprotection−elimination reaction. These materials are employed as combined active materials and photoresists in the surface patterning of luminescent conjugated polymers.
PROPEL: A phase 1/2 trial of NKTR-214 (CD122-biased agonist) combined with anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) or anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. (2018)

TPS3115 Background: NKTR-214 is an investigational cytokine designed to target CD122 (IL-2Rβ) expressed on immune cells (CD8+ T cells and NK cells) in order to expand these tumor-killing cells. NKTR-214 monotherapy increases newly proliferative CD8+ T cells and NK cells in tumors and increases cell surface PD-1 and PD-L1 expression, demonstrating a potentially synergistic mechanism with anti-PD-1 therapy. NKTR-214 plus nivolumab resulted in rapid tumor responses in pts with metastatic melanoma (mM), non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), and renal cell carcinoma. Given the early efficacy data and favorable safety profile of NKTR-214 plus nivolumab, PROPEL will evaluate the clinical benefit, safety and tolerability of NKTR-214 combined with pembrolizumab or atezolizumab. Methods: PROPEL (NCT03138889) will enroll approximately 60 pts in 2 separate arms concurrently. The first arm will evaluate NKTR-214 plus pembrolizumab in up to 30 select pts with locally advanced or mM, mNSCLC, or locally advanced or metastatic urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) within the FDA-approved pembrolizumab indications and dosage regimen. The second arm will evaluate NKTR-214 plus atezolizumab in up to 30 select pts with locally advanced or metastatic UBC or mNSCLC within the FDA-approved atezolizumab indications and dosage regimen. NKTR-214 is administered intravenously over 30 (±5) minutes every 3 weeks in an outpatient setting; the first studied dose of NKTR-214 will be 0.006 mg/kg. The primary objectives are to evaluate safety and tolerability and to define the maximum tolerated dose or recommended phase 2 dose of NKTR-214 combined with pembrolizumab or atezolizumab. The secondary objectives are to evaluate preliminary anti-tumor activity and efficacy by assessing overall survival and progression-free survival. In addition, the study will assess the immunological effects of treatment and the association between efficacy measures and PD-L1 expression in tumors. Treatment may continue beyond progression if there is clinical benefit as determined by the investigator. Enrollment is ongoing in the U.S. Clinical trial information: NCT03138889.
Addition of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis to Full-Field Digital Mammography in the Diagnostic Setting: Additional Value and Cancer Detectability (2016)

The combination of DBT with FFDM results in a higher diagnostic yield than FFDM alone. Additionally, DBT alone performs better than FFDM alone. However, even when DBT is combined with FFDM, breast cancers with no discernible masses and those lacking calcifications are difficult to detect.