gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel alpha-zirconium phosphonates for the reinforcement of ductile thermoplastics. (2007)

Ductile thermoplastics are useful additives for providing fracture toughness to brittle thermosetting polymers; however, this toughening is usually accompanied by a significant decrease in elastic modulus. Therefore, alpha-zirconium phosphonates (ZrP) were developed and investigated as reinforcing nano-scale fillers that increase the yield strength and elastic modulus of a polyester thermoplastic without causing a reduction in its ductility. ZrP materials are synthetic layered compounds that are imbued with targeted organic surface functionalities and whose structural development can be carefully controlled in the laboratory. Ether-terminal alkyl ZrP materials were designed and synthesized, using a conventional ZrF<sub>6</sub><super>2-</super>-mediated preparation, with the intent of developing strong dipole-dipole interactions between the layer surfaces and polyester macromolecules. Additionally, a general method for using lamellar lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC's) as supramolecular templates for alkyl ZrP was evaluated, whose products showed promising similarity to the conventionally prepared materials. The LLC-forming characteristics of several organophosphonate preparations were determined, showing improved mesophase stability with mixed amphiphiles and preparation with R<sub>4</sub>N<super> +</super> counterions. A mixed-surface octyl/methoxyundecyl ZrP was produced and combined with polycaprolactone (PCL) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in concentrations up to 50% (w/w). The mechanical properties of the ZrP/PCL nanocomposite were evaluated by tensile, flexural, and dynamic mechanical testing methods. Nanocomposites containing 5% (w/w) ZrP showed significant increases in tensile yield stress and elastic modulus without suffering any loss of ductility versus the unfilled polymer. Layer delamination from the ZrP tactoids was minimal and did not occur through an intercalative mechanism. Higher ZrP loadings resulted in the agglomeration of tactoids, leading to defect structures and loss of strength and ductility. Intercalative penetration of the ZrP tactoids by PCL was limited by kinetic barriers and also the strong interlayer attraction between the ZrP surfaces. Further modification to the ZrP surface is needed to reduce self-attraction between the layers. Formulations including a mobile solvent may also lead to intercalation and swelling of the tactoids. Finally, <italic>in situ</italic> templating, based on the newly observed LLC constructs, is recommended to avoid any remaining kinetic barriers to intercalation.
Ultra-Reliable Distributed Cloud Network Control With End-to-End Latency Constraints (2022)

We are entering a rapidly unfolding future driven by the delivery of real-time computation services, such as industrial automation and augmented reality, collectively referred to as augmented information (AgI) services, over highly distributed cloud/edge computing networks. The interaction intensive nature of AgI services is accelerating the need for networking solutions that provide strict latency guarantees. In contrast to most existing studies that can only characterize average delay performance, we focus on the critical goal of delivering AgI services ahead of corresponding deadlines on a per-packet basis, while minimizing overall cloud network operational cost. To this end, we design a novel queuing system able to track data packets’ lifetime and formalize the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">delay-constrained least-cost dynamic network control problem</i> . To address this challenging problem, we first study the setting with average capacity (or resource budget) constraints, for which we characterize the delay-constrained stability region and design a throughput-optimal control policy leveraging Lyapunov optimization theory on an equivalent virtual network. Guided by the same principle, we tackle the peak capacity constrained scenario by developing the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reliable cloud network control</i> (RCNC) algorithm, which employs a two-way optimization method to make actual and virtual network flow solutions converge in an iterative manner. Extensive numerical results show the superior performance of the proposed control policy compared with the state-of-the-art cloud network control algorithm, and the value of guaranteeing strict end-to-end deadlines for the delivery of next-generation AgI services.
Preliminary results of an adaptive randomized open-label controlled study on the efficacy and safety of enisamium iodide for outpatient treatment of the COVID-19 infection (2021)

Aim: to assess the efficacy and safety of enisamium iodide (film-coated tablets, 250 mg) for outpatient treatment of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 infection. Patients and Methods: this adaptive, randomized, open-label controlled study on the efficacy and safety of enisamium iodide enrolled 194 patients. The study group included 97 patients, and the comparison group included 97 patients. Comparison group patients received standard therapy. Study group patients received orally 500 mg of enisamium iodide three times daily for seven days. In addition, pathogenic and symptomatic treatment was prescribed. The first component of the primary endpoint was composite efficiency parameter. The second component of the primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with respiratory failure. Registration of deaths, adverse events and serious adverse events was carried out by standard methods. Results: cohort enrollment into part 1 of the study and treatment of all patients were completed. The mean time of the relief of major COVID-19 symptoms (primary combination endpoint) and differences between the study and comparison groups (8 days and 9 days, respectively, p=0.028) were revealed. The rate of respiratory failure in the study group and comparison group was: 4 (4,12%) versus 8 (8,25%) cases respectively. In addition, the effect of this drug on mortality in the groups was compared (one death in the study group and five deaths in the comparison group). The statistical reliability of these differences will be determined during part 2 of this study that started in September 2021. Conclusions: the efficacy and safety of enisamium iodide (film-coated tablets, 250 mg) for the COVID-19 were evaluated. A significant reduction in the time to clinical recovery (by one day) was reported in patients who received enisamium iodide. In addition, the rate of severe respiratory failure and associated mortality also tends to reduce after therapy that includes enisamium iodide. KEYWORDS: enisamium iodide, antivirals, etiopathogenic treatment, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, viral lung damage, pneumonia, randomized controlled study, adaptive study, open-label study. FOR CITATION: N.Yu. Pshenichnaya, Zhdanov K.V. Preliminary results of an adaptive randomized open-label controlled study on the efficacy and safety of enisamium iodide for outpatient treatment of the COVID-19 infection. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(11):705–711 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-11-705-711.
The Sensable City: A Survey on the Deployment and Management for Smart City Monitoring (2018)

In last two decades, various monitoring systems have been designed and deployed in urban environments, toward the realization of the so called smart cities. Such systems are based on both dedicated sensor nodes, and ubiquitous but not dedicated devices such as smart phones and vehicles' sensors. When we design sensor network monitoring systems for smart cities, we have two essential problems: node deployment and sensing management. These design problems are challenging, due to large urban areas to monitor, constrained locations for deployments, and heterogeneous type of sensing devices. There is a vast body of literature from different disciplines that have addressed these challenges. However, we do not have yet a comprehensive understanding and sound design guidelines. This paper addresses such a research gap and provides an overview of the theoretical problems we face, and what possible approaches we may use to solve these problems. Specifically, this paper focuses on the problems on both the deployment of the devices (which is the system design/configuration part) and the sensing management of the devices (which is the system running part). We also discuss how to choose the existing algorithms in different type of monitoring applications in smart cities, such as structural health monitoring, water pipeline networks, traffic monitoring. We finally discuss future research opportunities and open challenges for smart city monitoring.
Theravada Buddhist Ways of Thinking (2019)

Contemporary accounting education systems do not seem to have lived up to the expectations of growing societal needs and hence accounting graduates who one day become professional accountants are unprepared to face urgent and emerging sustainability challenges. This calls for a more proactive role for accounting education with major revisions aimed at sustainability. Although environmentalists and educators have made use of some religious teachings regarding the human-nature relationships, Theravada Buddhism has not been adequately discussed. Gunarathne and Rajasooriya discuss the extent to which the first and only sustainability management accounting course in a public university established by a Buddhist monk in Sri Lanka reflects Theravada Sinhalese Buddhist ways of thinking in enhancing the immediate and long-term pathways to sustainability-conscious living. They argue that due to the high professional orientation of the degree program and the nature of the accounting discipline, the design of this course has been primarily driven by Western ethics in catering to the needs of the market place while the course delivery has facilitated a broader discussion and reflective learning opportunities for the students with reference to some of the concepts in Theravada Buddhism. The authors also provide some directions for reforms in accounting education to progress towards education for sustainability.
Biomarkers and heart failure events in patients with atrial fibrillation in the ARISTOTLE trial evaluated by a multi-state model (2022)

In anticoagulated patients with AF, biomarkers indicating cardiorenal dysfunction and inflammation improve the identification of patients at risk of developing HF or worsening of already existing HF. These biomarkers might be useful for targeting novel HF therapies in patients with AF.
Multiplexing methods for fibre optic strain sensors (1993)

The paper briefly reviews a number of methods for multiplexing optical-fibre-based strain sensors. These are intended for application for structural monitoring, for example in aerospace composites or civil engineering structures. Particular emphasis is placed on methods for addressing arrays of sensors using acousto-optic tunable filters and optical time domain reflectometry which have been recently developed in the authors' laboratory.
Dual Thresholding Based License Plate Recognition (2022)

Applications that allow users to reserve parking spaces in advance, can incorporate license plate detection in a variety of ways. This may also be viewed as an effort to preserve order within the society. This feature enables the authorities (police) to track down the vehicle/person involved in the crime. This study suggests an algorithm for reading license plate text which includes steps such as RGB to gray scale conversion, thresholding of the pixel value, edge detection, contour detection, plate identification, text extraction. This paper suggests an algorithm which involves dual binarization methods: Otsu binarization method and binary thresholding thereby enhancing the accuracy of license plate detection.
Supplementary Figure 4 from β-Catenin Inhibitor ICAT Modulates the Invasive Motility of Melanoma Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 234K, Stable exogenous ICAT expression increases Lu1205 and Mel501 cell lines migration.&lt;/p&gt;
Activation and transfer of O2 to organic electrophiles by [RuH(dcpe)2]+ (1999)

The crystal structure of the 16-electron hydride [RuH(dcpe)2]PF6 (1·PF6) [dcpe=1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)- ethane] shows a short contact between Ru and a cyclohexyl CH2, which was not observed in the disordered tetraphenylborate salt [RuH(dcpe)2]BPh4 (1·BPh4). The comparison of the X-ray structure of 1·PF6 with those of [RuCl(dcpe)2]PF6 (2) and trans-[RuCl2(dcpe)2] (3) indicates that electronic effects co-operate with the steric ones in the stabilization of these 16-electron species. The hydrido dioxygen complex [RuH(η2-O2)(dcpe)2]+ (4), formed by reaction of 1 with O2, does not react with nucleophiles such as olefins and PPh3, but does show nucleophilic properties, reacting with activated olefins (TCNE, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) and with carbonyl compounds [heptanal, PhC(O)Cl]. The reaction of 4 with heptanal shows an unprecedented reaction mode for a dioxygen complex of a late transition metal, as the O2-activating complex 1 is partially regenerated upon oxygen transfer from 4 to the substrate. All these reactions show that oxygen transfer from 4 to an organic substrate effectively competes with oxidation of the dcpe ligand.
Stimulation of the beta-2-adrenergic receptor causes human tumor regression by blocking the Raf-1/Mek-1/Erk1/2 pathway (2006)

3024 A chemical biology approach identifies a beta 2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist ARA-211, which causes apoptosis and human tumor regression in animal models. β2AR stimulation of cAMP formation and PKA activation leads to Raf-1 kinase inactivation, inhibition of Mek-1 kinase and decreased phospho-Erk1/2 levels. ARA-211 is selective and suppresses P-Erk1/2 but not P-JNK, P-p38, P-Akt or P-STAT3 levels. β2AR stimulation results in inhibition of anchorage-dependent and -independent growth and induction of apoptosis in vitro and tumor regression in vivo. β2AR antagonists and constitutively active Mek-1 rescue from ARA-211 demonstrating that β2AR stimulation and Mek kinase inhibition are required for ARA-211 anti-tumor activity. Furthermore, suppression of growth occurs only in human tumors where ARA-211 induces cAMP formation and decreases P-Erk1/2 levels. Thus, β2AR stimulation results in significant suppression of malignant transformation in cancers where it blocks the Raf-1/Mek-1/Erk1/2 pathway. These findings have major implications for cancer therapy.
Quality of life of long term ICU patients at 6 months after hospital discharge (1998)

Background: Whole body hyperthermia induced by radiative systems has been used in therapy of malignant diseases for more than ten years. Von Ardenne and co-workers have developed the 'systemiche Krebs-Mehrschritt-Therapic' (sKMT), a combined regime including whole body hyperthermia of 42C, induced hyperglycaemia and relative hyperoxaemia with additional application of chemotherapy. This concept has been employed in a phase I/II clinical study for patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma at the Virchow-Klinikum since January 1997. Methods: The sKMT concept was performed eleven times under intravenous general anaesthesia, avoiding volatile anaesthetics. Core temperatures of up to 42C were reached stepwise by warming with infrared-A-radiation (IRATHERM 2000). During the whole procedure blood glucose levels of 380-450 mg/dl were maintained as well as PaO 2 levels above 200 mmHg. Extensive invasive monitoring was performed in all patients including measurements with the REF-Ox-Pulmonary artery catheter with continuous measuring of mixed venous saturation (Baxter Explorer) and invasive monitoring of arterial blood pressure. Data for calculation of hemodynamic and gas exchange parameters were collected four times, at temperatures of 37C, 40C, 41.8-42C and 39C, during measurements FiO 2 was 1.0 at all times. Fluids were given in order to keep central-venous and Wedge pressure within normal range during the whole procedure. Statistics were performed using the Wilcoxon Test. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between heart rate, cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance comparing data at 37C and 42C. Heart rate and cardiac index increased to a maximum at 42C (P < 0.0001) whereas systemic vascular resistance had its minimum at 42C (P < 0.0001). Mean arterial pressure dropped with increasing temperature, differences were not significant. Calculation of stroke volume index and ventricular volumes showed only a slight decrease in endsystolic volumes with increasing temperature, the resulting differences in right ventricular ejection fraction were marginally significant (P = 0.038) comparing 42C to baseline. Right ventricular stroke work index as well as mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased at 42C (P = 0.0115 and P = 0.0037), pulmonary vascular resistance only dropped little compared to systemic vascular resistance, left ventricular stroke work index even dropped with increasing temperature, though showing no significant difference. Values for mixed venous oxygen saturation did not vary during therapy, pulmonary right-left shunt showed a temperature associated increase (P = 0.0323) to a maximum at 42C. Conclusion: Under the procedure of sKMT cardiac function in patients, who do not have any pre-existing cardiac impairment, can be maintained almost unchanged, ie with normal right and left ventricular pressure, despite an increase in right ventricular stroke work
Frölicher–Nijenhuis cohomology on G2- and Spin(7)-manifolds (2018)

In this paper, we show that a parallel differential form [Formula: see text] of even degree on a Riemannian manifold allows to define a natural differential both on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], defined via the Frölicher–Nijenhuis bracket. For instance, on a Kähler manifold, these operators are the complex differential and the Dolbeault differential, respectively. We investigate this construction when taking the differential with respect to the canonical parallel [Formula: see text]-form on a [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-manifold, respectively. We calculate the cohomology groups of [Formula: see text] and give a partial description of the cohomology of [Formula: see text].
Comparison of High-Fidelity Computational Tools for Wing Design of a Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft (2017)

A variety of tools, from fundamental to high order, have been used to better understand applications of distributed electric propulsion to aid the wing and propulsion system design of the Leading Edge Asynchronous Propulsion Technology (LEAPTech) project and the X-57 Maxwell airplane. Three high-fidelity, Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics codes used during the project with results presented here are FUN3D, STAR-CCM+, and OVERFLOW. These codes employ various turbulence models to predict fully turbulent and transitional flow. Results from these codes are compared for two distributed electric propulsion configurations: the wing tested at NASA Armstrong on the Hybrid-Electric Integrated Systems Testbed truck, and the wing designed for the X-57 Maxwell airplane. Results from these computational tools for the high-lift wing tested on the Hybrid-Electric Integrated Systems Testbed truck and the X-57 high-lift wing presented compare reasonably well. The goal of the X-57 wing and distributed electric propulsion system design achieving or exceeding the required 𝐶 (sub L) = 3.95 for stall speed was confirmed with all of the computational codes.
Passive Smartphone Contact Tracing and Continuous COVID-19 Infection Risk Assessment (2021)

COVID-19 has infected millions since November 2019. The virus spreads through close contact with those who are infected. People are often unaware of or lose track of their behaviors, which increase their risk of infection. Passive methods to continuously monitor and track dangerous user behaviors, maintain and update a COVID risk score can enable high risk users to take preventive measures early. At the organization or institution level, such systems can provide insights on organization-wide patterns that exacerbate disease spread. This paper presents our vision of pervasive, continuous infectious disease contact tracing, risky behavior tracking and continuous risk score calculation from contact, place visit information and reported behaviors. As a specific example, we describe the research, design and development of the android app Goatvid Trace that continuously gathers smartphone sensor data, using it to calculcate smartphone users’ risk of exposure to COVID-19. Machine Learning methods for proximity detection from smart- phone Bluetooth RSSI signals are also described. GoatVid trace was deployed and evaluated on a small university community. Our evaluation study found that the mean COVID-19 risk score of college students in our study was 25.6%. Our risk score model correlated well with subject questionnaire responses with an R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of 0.6166. The machine learning models for proximity detection estimated distances between two phones with a Cross Validation RMSE of 1.58766.
Design And Applications Of Multiple Hologram Systems (1988)

An important application of holographic optical elements (HOE) is coordinate transformations (or mappings) to put data into a format that can be operated on by an optical processor. In optical coordinate transformation, a specific one-to-one mapping of pixel locations in the input plane to pixel locations in the output plane is produced. For some desired transformations, the data redistribution cannot be realized with a single continuous-phase hologram, and in these cases a multiple hologram system must be considered. The processing of spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SSAR) data is used as a sample application to illustrate the concept. The design and fabrication of the holograms for SSAR data processing is discussed and experimental results are given.
Inpatient Costs for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Acute Pancreatitis (2016)

Our study suggests that a codiagnosis of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis incurs a greater economic burden in patients with AP.
Synthesis of Coumarins, 4-Hydroxycoumarins, and 4-Hydroxyquinolinones by Tellurium-Triggered Cyclizations1 (2005)

Coumarins, 4-hydroxycoumarins, and 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-ones can be conveniently prepared by treatment of alpha-halocarboxylic acid esters of salicylaldehyde, o-hydroxyacetophenone, methyl salicylate, and methyl N-methyl- or N-phenylanthranilates with sodium or lithium telluride. Phenylketene formation competes with cyclization of the alpha-chlorophenylacetate ester of methyl salicylate as demonstrated by a trapping experiment with benzylamine. Elemental tellurium may be recovered and reused.