gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual servoing using eigenspace method and dynamic calculation of interaction matrices (1996)

A general scheme to represent the relation between dynamic images and camera motion is presented, and its application to visual servoing proposed. For a specific object, the camera cannot obtain any arbitrary image, so that the possible combination of the camera pose and the obtained image should be constrained on a lower dimensional hyper surface within the product space of all the combinations. The visual servoing, for example, is interpreted as to find a path on this surface leading to a given goal image. Our approach is to analyse the properties of this surface and utilise its tangential property for visual servoing. We propose to use the principal component analysis and to represent images with a composition of small number of "eigen-images" by using the Karhunen-Loeve expansion. We describe that a normal vector of this surface is related to the so-called interaction matrix. We then present a dynamic estimation of the normal vectors to move the robot arm mounting a camera to a goal position where a given goal image will be obtained. Experimental results of visual servoing method show the feasibility and applicability of our proposed approach.
Face Alignment Robust to Pose, Expressions and Occlusions (2017)

We propose an Ensemble of Robust Constrained Local Models for alignment of faces in the presence of significant occlusions and of any unknown pose and expression. To account for partial occlusions we introduce, Robust Constrained Local Models, that comprises of a deformable shape and local landmark appearance model and reasons over binary occlusion labels. Our occlusion reasoning proceeds by a hypothesize-and-test search over occlusion labels. Hypotheses are generated by Constrained Local Model based shape fitting over randomly sampled subsets of landmark detector responses and are evaluated by the quality of face alignment. To span the entire range of facial pose and expression variations we adopt an ensemble of independent Robust Constrained Local Models to search over a discretized representation of pose and expression. We perform extensive evaluation on a large number of face images, both occluded and unoccluded. We find that our face alignment system trained entirely on facial images captured "in-the-lab" exhibits a high degree of generalization to facial images captured "in-the-wild". Our results are accurate and stable over a wide spectrum of occlusions, pose and expression variations resulting in excellent performance on many real-world face datasets.
Linewidth narrowing in semiconductor laser pumped all-fibre Brillouin ring laser (1989)

Brillouin lasing in an all-fibre ring resonator made of polarisation-maintaining fibre using a semiconductor laser pump at 830 nm is reported. The stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) lasing threshold is 0.91 mW, and the Stokes output is polarised and exhibits linewidth narrowing.
Fault Modeling and Testing of Flash Memories (2007)

Flash memories more and more occurs in complex integrated circuits designed for portable electronic devices and dominate the area of such circuits. The lack of defects within these memories is therefore one the key elements of the production yield for manufacturers of these types of applications. However, the high integration density and the complexity of the fabrication process make these Flash memories more and more prone to manufacturing defects. To exhibit the failures that affect the functionality of these memories, efficient and low cost test solutions must be proposed. The solutions and algorithms currently used to test RAM memories are not well adapted to test Flash memories due of the low programming time of such memories. Moreover, functional fault models proposed in the RAM testing literature are not always realistic in the case of Flash memories. The first part of this thesis proposes a complete analysis of actual defects extracted from silicon data extracted from a 150nm Flash technology. This analysis, based on a defect injection in a reduced Flash memory array, has allowed to exhibit a lot of faulty behaviors and to propose comprehensive fault models for all defects. The next part of this thesis focuses on the development of new and improved test solutions. The proposed solutions are based on Flash specificities like its concurrent programming mode allowing to program certain memory cell blocks in one time with the same pattern and with a reduced programming time. The evaluation of the proposed solutions is carried out with the help of a home made fault simulator. This evaluation has shown the efficiency of the proposed test solutions in terms of fault coverage and test time. The validation on a 4Mbits Flash memory has shown a considerable reduction in test time (by a factor of 34) as well as an improved fault coverage (especially for coupling faults) with respect to solutions currently used in industry.
Cloning credit cards: a combined pre-play and downgrade attack on EMV contactless (2013)

Recent roll-outs of contactless payment infrastructures-particularly in Austria and Germany - have raised concerns about the security of contactless payment cards and Near Field Communication (NFC). There are well-known attack scenarios like relay attacks and skimming of credit card numbers. However, banks and credit card schemes often mitigate these attacks. They explain that attacks are impractical (e.g. in a relay attack an attacker needs to have RF access to a victim's card while performing a payment transaction) or even impossible (e.g. skimmed data does not contain the dynamic authorization codes that are normally required to perform a payment transaction). This paper introduces an attack scenario on EMV contactless payment cards that permits an attacker to create functional clones of a card that contain the necessary credit card data as well as pre-played authorization codes. The card clones can then be used to perform a limited number of EMV Mag-Stripe transactions at any EMV contactless payment terminal.
A Deep Hydrophobic Binding Cavity is the Main Interaction for Different Y2R Antagonists (2016)

The neuropeptide Y<sub>2</sub> receptor (Y<sub>2</sub> R) is involved in various pathophysiological processes such as epilepsy, mood disorders, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Therefore, the Y<sub>2</sub> R is an interesting target for drug development. A detailed understanding of the binding pocket could facilitate the development of highly selective antagonists to study the role of Y<sub>2</sub> R in vitro and in vivo. In this study, several residues crucial to the interaction of BIIE0246 and SF-11 derivatives with Y<sub>2</sub> R were investigated by signal transduction assays. Using the experimental results as constraints, the antagonists were docked into a comparative structural model of the Y<sub>2</sub> R. Despite differences in size and structure, all three antagonists display a similar binding site, including a deep hydrophobic cavity formed by transmembrane helices (TM) 4, 5, and 6, as well as a hydrophobic patch at the top of TM2 and 7. Additionally, we suggest that the antagonists block Q<sup>3.32</sup> , a position that has been shown to be crucial for binding of the amidated C terminus of NPY and thus for receptor activation.
Investigation of tracer gas transport in a new numerical model of lung acini (2022)

Obstructive pulmonary diseases are associated with considerable morbidity. For an early diagnosis of these diseases, inert gas washouts can potentially be used. However, the complex interaction between lung anatomy and gas transport mechanisms complicates data analysis. In order to investigate this interaction, a numerical model, based on the finite difference method, consisting of two lung units connected in parallel, was developed to simulate the tracer gas transport within the human acinus. Firstly, the geometries of the units were varied and the diffusion coefficients (D) were kept constant. Secondly, D was changed and the geometry was kept constant. Furthermore, simple monoexponential growth functions were applied to evaluate the simulated data. In 109 of the 112 analyzed curves, monoexponential function matched simulated data with an accuracy of over 90%, potentially representing a suitable numerical tool to predict transport processes in further model extensions. For total flows greater than 5 × 10<sup>-4</sup> ml/s, the exponential growth constants increased linearly with linear increasing flow to an accuracy of over 95%. The slopes of these linear trend lines of 1.23 µl<sup>-1</sup> (D = 0.6 cm<sup>2</sup>/s), 1.69 µl<sup>-1</sup> (D = 0.3 cm<sup>2</sup>/s), and 2.25 µl<sup>-1</sup> (D = 0.1 cm<sup>2</sup>/s) indicated that gases with low D are more sensitive to changes in flows than gases with high D.
Investigation of the Etching of Silicon under Subcritical Water Conditions (2013)

Herein, we present a study investigating the reaction conditions to wet etch monocrystalline silicon in the subcritical region of water, specifically from 200 to 300 °C. In the subcritical region there is a departure of thermodynamic, transport, and chemical properties from normal conditions. This has the potential to affect the reaction paths for the dissolution of silicon, by modifying the local concentration of reactants and products, by altering the relative activation energy of different reactions, or by changing the polarity of the water. Furthermore, our methodology uses concentrations of etching agent markedly lower than previous works (our reactions were conducted at [KOH] = 0.03–0.7%/wt). The results of the study suggest that dilute etchant solutions at high temperatures can produce results comparable to those reported at atmospheric conditions using higher concentrations of etchants. Based on the results obtained, the main key factors in the etch rates were crystallographic orientation of the wafer, composition of the etching solution, and temperature.
Influence of Landscape Pattern on Epidemic of Rice Sheath Blight Disease at Regional Scale (2018)

The forecast of occurrence and prevalence of rice sheath blight disease at regional scale is important to disease administration and prevention. The occurrence and epidemics of rice sheath blight are related to several aspects, including meteorological conditions, host distribution, amount of pathogens and some factors. From the perspective of landscape ecology, the crop fields can be viewed as patches and the landscape pattern can be depicted by a number of landscape parameters that may affect the epidemics of the disease. The experimental data consisted by 20 scenes of Landsat TM-8 images over 9 regions in Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces were used to conduct the landscape analysis. Firstly, a decision tree method was used to produce the classification map over the study area. Then, some landscape feature indices such as patch density, fractal dimension and fragmentation index etc. were extracted at class level and landscape level, respectively, which indicated the landscape pattern and function. Based on data from 2013 to 2015, the influence of the landscape pattern on the occurrence and epidemics of rice sheath blight was analyzed and understood. The results showed that the disease exhibited different occurrence and prevalence behaviors in regions with different landscape characteristics. Those regions with high connectivity and low fragmentation are most favorable habitats for the disease since they may spread rapidly within these regions. The IJI index exhibited a statistical significant difference between regions with disease occurring fast and severe and regions with disease occurring slow and slight. Such a landscape index may serve as a responsible indicator for the occurrence and epidemics of rice sheath blight at a regional scale, and thus has a potential to be incorporated into a comprehensive disease forecasting model in future.
Evidence for the formation of inositol 4‐monophosphate in stimulated human platelets (1985)

Human platelets were prelabeled with [3H] inositol and exposed to thrombin or vasopressin. The radioactive inositol monophosphates were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by cochromatography with unlabeled standard substances. Radioactive inositol 1-monophosphate (Ins 1-P) and inositol 4-monophosphate (Ins 4-P) were detected in unstimulated platelets and accumulated in response to thrombin or vasopressin. Ins 4-P as well as Ins 1-P increased after the formation of inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (Ins 1,4-P2) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins 1,4,5-P3). Lithium augmented the accumulation of Ins 1-P and Ins 1,4-P2 in stimulated platelets, and also of Ins 4-P in platelets stimulated by vasopressin, but not by thrombin. The results indicate that Ins 1,4-P2 formed in stimulated platelets is partly degraded to Ins 4-P. The significance of Ins 4-P as a marker molecule for the study of inositol phosphate metabolism in stimulated cells is discussed.
Electrical Transport Characteristics of Vertical GaN Schottky-Barrier Diode in Reverse Bias and Its Numerical Simulation (2023)

We investigated the temperature-dependent reverse characteristics (JR-VR-T) of vertical GaN Schottky-barrier diodes with and without a fluorine-implanted edge termination (ET). To understand the device leakage mechanism, temperature-dependent characterizations were performed, and the observed reverse current was modeled through technology computer-aided design. Different levels of current were observed in both forward and reverse biases for the ET and non-ET devices, which suggested a change in the conduction mechanism for the observed leakages. The measured JR-VR-T characteristics of the non-edge-terminated device were successfully fitted in the entire temperature range with the phonon-assisted tunneling model, whereas for the edge-terminated device, the reverse characteristics were modeled by taking into account the emission of trapped electrons at a high temperature and field caused by Poole–Frenkel emission.
Effect of intratumoral administration on biodistribution of 64Cu-labeled nanoshells (2012)

There was a higher intratumoral retention of (64)Cu-nanoshells and a lower concentration in other healthy tissues, suggesting that intratumoral administration is a potentially better approach for nanoshell-based photothermal therapy.
Ferumoxytol in clinical practice: Implications for MRI (2012)

Ferumoxytol is an iron-containing parenteral treatment for iron deficiency anemia that was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The iron is in the form of a superparamagnetic iron oxide that causes T1, T2, and T2* shortening on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, the drug has a long intravascular half-life of 14-15 hours; a standard dose can affect MRI for days to months. We describe a case in which a patient underwent contrast-enhanced MRI of the liver 2 days after receiving a dose of ferumoxytol, which was unknown to the radiology team. The blood pool and soft tissues were hyperintense on T1-weighted images, concealing enhancement from the gadolinium-based contrast agent that was administered during the exam and rendering the exam nondiagnostic. Radiologists must be aware of this potential effect in screening patients for MRI and interpreting exams.
Dramatic Effect of Lewis Acids on the Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Olefins (2009)

The addition of Lewis acids such as trispentafluoroboron as cocatalysts has been found to have a dramatic effect on the Rh-catalyzed hydroboration of olefins with pinacol borane. For example, aliphatic olefins do not react at all in noncoordinating solvents, but with the addition of 2% of B(C(6)F(5))(3), the reaction is complete in minutes. Similarly, the reaction of aromatic olefins with HBPin occurs slowly and nonselectively in the absence of B(C(6)F(5))(3), but is accelerated and occurs more selectively in its presence. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the B(C(6)F(5))(3) needs to be present throughout the course of the reaction, not just at the initiation stage, and implicate this species, along with THF, in the heterolytic cleavage of the B-H bond of HBPin.
Systematics ofEtheostoma tippecanoeandEtheostoma denoncourti(Perciformes: Percidae) (2001)

Recently, populations of Etheostoma tippecanoe from the Tennessee River drainage were described as a new species, Etheostoma denoncourti. Although populations of E. tippecanoe from the lower Tennessee River (Duck and Buffalo Rivers) were assigned to the new taxon, the species description did not contain an analysis of specimens from these rivers. To evaluate the phylogenetic placement of these unanalyzed populations with respect to all other populations of E. tippecanoe and E. denoncourti, we assembled a dataset composed of DNA sequences (complete cytochrome b) from 32 individuals representing all known populations of these species. Parsimony analysis of these populations, 11 other darter taxa, and five outgroup taxa resulted in 3868 equally most-parsimonous trees at 1687 steps. Populations from the Duck and Buffalo Rivers were always resolved as members of the newly described taxon, E. denoncourti, consistent with the original description. Further, E. tippecanoe and E. denoncourti were resolved as monophyletic sister taxa in all most-parsimonious trees. The amount of cytochrome b sequence divergence separating these two taxa (5.63%) is within the range observed for cytochrome b variation between other species of darters.
MRC Compression of Compound Documents using H.264/AVC-I (2007)

The Mixed Raster Content (MRC) ITU document compression standard (T.44) specifies a multi-layer multiresolution representation of a compound document. It is expected that higher compression can be achieved if more efficient compression standards are used to compress each layer. In this paper we present an MRC compound document codec that uses the H.264/AVC operating in INTRA mode to encode background/foreground layers and JBIG2 to encode the binary Mask layer. The result is an unrivaled performance for compressing compound documents as demonstrated by our experiments.
Preparation of Er-Doped Glass by a Compression-Forming Method (2007)

Erbium-doped silica-based glass for optical amplifiers is fabricated from silica powders by a compression-forming method using a cold isostatic pressing (CIP) technique. Silica powders are prepared from slurry containing fumed silica with submicrometer diameter and erbium source by granulating using a spray drier. The average diameter of the granulated powders is 50 μ and about 150 times as large as that of the fumed silica. The silica powders are packed in a rubber mold and are compressed by CIP. It is found from thermal analysis that the compressed powders can be degreased PVP at 600°C. After degreasing at 600°C, the compressed powders are sintered by a sintering process using an electric furnace or a gas burner. The compressed powders can be vitrified by using not the electric furnace but the gas burner. The existence of Er ions in the glass sintered by the gas burner is confirmed from UV-VIS spectra.
Anionic and cationic copolymerized ionic liquid-grafted silica as a multifunctional stationary phase for reversed-phase chromatography (2013)

Recently, we briefly reported a new method to prepare ionic liquid-modified silica via copolymerization of anionic and cationic monomer couples on mercaptyl-modified silica, which aimed to enhance the stability of the column during the use of buffer as a solvent. In this paper, the previously prepared copolymerized ionic liquid-grafted silica denoted Sil-P(ImC18-SS) was characterized via elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. The reversed-phase chromatographic properties were determined particularly by separation of Tanaka test mixture, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their isomers, disubstituted benzenes, flavonoids, bases and nucleosides. Compared with the conventional ODS column, Sil-P(ImC18-SS) exhibited enhanced shape selectivity for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and better performance for the separation of some polar analytes such as bases and flavonoids. Moreover, compared with previously reported ionic liquid-modified silica stationary phases, the anionic and cationic copolymerized stationary phase offers the advantage of increased stability given that the anions and cations of the ionic liquids were concomitantly immobilized on the silica.
Contrast resolution enhancement based on wavelet shrinkage and gray level mapping technique (2002)

The speckle pattern produced by the use of a coherent transducer in forming the B-mode ultrasound images is also a source of contrast resolution-degradation. We have presented the soft thresholding rule to relieve artifacts from the discrete wavelet transform of an image. Our study begins with the estimation of the required determinants to obtain the desired noise/resolution trade off, extended to the gray level mapping technique (GLM) application. The GLM application is used to further enhance the ultrasound images in different contrast levels. Experiments have shown that the proposed methods have significantly improved PSNR in the specular and reflectance area. Both techniques are translated into a PC-based tool that could be transferred into ultrasound system that can be implemented for real time image processing.
Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Silicon Nitride Using a Novel Silylamine Precursor (2016)

We report the plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) of silicon nitride thin film using a silylamine compound as the silicon precursor. A series of silylamine compounds were designed by replacing SiH3 groups in trisilylamine by dimethylaminomethylsilyl or trimethylsilyl groups to obtain sufficient thermal stability. The silylamine compounds were synthesized through redistribution, amino-substitution, lithiation, and silylation reactions. Among them, bis(dimethylaminomethylsilyl)trimethylsilyl amine (C9H29N3Si3, DTDN2-H2) was selected as the silicon precursor because of the lowest bond dissociation energy and sufficient vapor pressures. The energies for adsorption and reaction of DTDN2-H2 with the silicon nitride surface were also calculated by density functional theory. PEALD silicon nitride thin films were prepared using DTDN2-H2 and N2 plasma. The PEALD process window was between 250 and 400 °C with a growth rate of 0.36 Å/cycle. The best film quality was obtained at 400 °C with a RF power of 100 W. The PEALD film prepared showed good bottom and sidewall coverages of ∼80% and ∼73%, respectively, on a trench-patterned wafer with an aspect ratio of 5.5.