gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis and Gray Matter Pathology: An MRI Perspective (2011)

The evidence suggesting a role of extensive cortical demyelization and atrophy in progressive multiple sclerosis is rapidly increasing. Although conventional magnetic resonance imaging has had a huge impact on multiple sclerosis by enabling an earlier diagnosis, and by providing surrogate markers for monitoring disease response to anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory treatments, it is limited by the low pathological specificity and the low sensitivity to both diffuse damage in normal-appearing white matter and focal and diffuse damage in gray matter. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques can partially overcome these limitations by providing markers more specific to the underlying pathologic substrates and more sensitive to the structural and functional "occult" brain tissue damage in patients with multiple sclerosis. This review describes brain and spinal cord imaging studies of multiple sclerosis with particular emphasis on gray matter imaging in both secondary progressive and primary progressive multiple sclerosis, discusses the clinical implications of gray matter damage, and outlines current magnetic resonance imaging developments at high and ultrahigh magnetic field strength.
Pruritus and acquired anhidrosis. Two unusual cases. (1969)

Two unusual cases of acquired anhidrosis with the chief complaint of pruritus were presented and discussed. One patient had associated cholinergic urticaria. The other was unique in its complete reversibility. Known causes of anhidrosis were reviewed. Acquired anhidrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of generalized pruritus, especially when careful patient questioning reveals a history suggestive of heat intolerance.
A simplified subnormothermic machine perfusion system restores ischemically damaged liver grafts in a rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (2012)

This work demonstrates for the first time in an orthotopic transplantation model that ischemically damaged livers can be regenerated effectively using practical subnormothermic machine perfusion without oxygen carriers.
Ergebnisse des Progress Test Tiermedizin an der Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover (2021)

Mit dieser Studie wurde erstmalig eine Analyse des deutschsprachigen Progresstests an der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover durchgeführt. Der Progress Test Tiermedizin (PTT) erfasst als longitudinales Messinstrument den Stand und den Zuwachs an Fachwissen während des Studiums der Tiermedizin. In dieser Studie wurden 2.975 Datensätze von PTT-Ergebnissen aus den Jahren 2013–2019 ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie sollen der Curriculumsevaluation an der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover dienen. Daher wird darüber hinaus überprüft, ob der PTT tatsächlich ein geeignetes Messinstrument darstellt. Der PTT beinhaltet 136 Multiple-Choice-Fragen aus 34 Fächern des Tiermedizinstudiums in einer standardisierten Zusammensetzung (Blueprint) und wird als formatives Feedbackinstrument für Studierende aller Semester online angeboten. Als wesentliches Ergebnis ist festzuhalten, dass der PTT einen kontinuierlichen Wissensfortschritt über alle Studienjahre und Fachbereiche hinweg anzeigt. Der Anteil richtiger Antworten (R) nimmt mit dem Fortschritt im Studium kontinuierlich zu, der Anteil der „Ich weiß nicht“-Antworten nimmt ab. Dieses Phänomen sowie der Umstand, dass sich Studierende für Progresstests generell nicht vorbereiten und das spontan verfügbare Wissen geprüft wird, beeinflussen den Gesamttestwert R-F (Differenz von richtig und falsch beantworteten Fragen) eines Studierenden. Der durchschnittliche Gesamttestwert des elften Semesters lag bei 24,79%. Mit der Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Wissen bei den Studierenden langfristig verankert ist und im Verlauf des Studiums mit größerem Abstand zu einer zurückliegenden Prüfung häufig weiterhin konstant vorhanden bleibt. Der PTT stellt nicht nur ein geeignetes Instrument für die Curriculumsevaluation dar, sondern unterstützt die Feedback-Kultur und die Studierenden bei der Einschätzung ihrer Stärken und Schwächen.
Delineation of a 150-kb breakpoint cluster in benign thyroid tumors with 19q13.4 aberrations (2001)

Structural rearrangements involving the long arm of chromosome 19 characterize a cytogenetic subgroup of benign thyroid tumors and constitute one of the most frequent specific chromosome abnormalities in epithelial tumors. Recently, we have been able to narrow down the breakpoint region affected in two cell lines to a region covered by a single PAC clone. Close to that region a candidate gene has been identified which we tentatively referred to as RITA (Rearranged In Thyroid Adenomas) now named ZNF331 according to HUGO nomenclature. However, the results had been obtained on two cell lines only making it necessary to extend the studies to a larger number of tumors including primary material. Herein, we have used four further primary tumors showing translocations involving 19q13 for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping studies using a variety of molecular probes from a 470-kbp cosmid/BAC contig. Ten new STSs were characterized and physically mapped within an EcoRI restriction map. The results enabled us to define an approximately 150-kbp breakpoint cluster region of the 19q13 aberrations in benign thyroid tumors flanked by two newly established STS markers.
A clustering algorithm for intrusion detection (2005)

In this paper, we introduce a new clustering algorithm, <i>FCC</i>, for intrusion detection based on the concept of fuzzy connectedness. This concept was introduced by Rosenfeld in 1979 and used with success in image segmentation; here we extend this approach to clustering and demonstrate its effectiveness in intrusion detection. Starting with a single or a few seed points in each cluster, all the data points are dynamically assigned to the cluster that has the highest fuzzy connectedness value (strongest connection). With an efficient heuristic algorithm, the time complexity of the clustering process is O(<i>N</i>log<i>N</i>), where <i>N</i> is the number of data points. The value of fuzzy connectedness is calculated using both the Euclidean distance and the statistical properties of clusters. This unsupervised learning method allows the discovery of clusters of any shape. Application of the method in intrusion detection demonstrates that it can detect not only known intrusion types, but also their variants. Experimental results on the KDD-99 intrusion detection data set show the efficiency and accuracy of this method. A detection rate above 94% and a false alarm rate below 4% are achieved, outperforming major competitors by at least 5%.
Crucial Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced Vascular Inflammation (2016)

AhR mediates indoxyl sulfate-enhanced leukocyte-endothelial interactions through AP-1 transcriptional activity, which may constitute a new mechanism of vascular inflammation in patients with renal disease.
Islets in Type 2 Diabetes: In Honor of Dr. Robert C. Turner (2008)

The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) orchestrated by Robert Turner showed that, even with treatment, in type 2 diabetes a progressive β-cell dysfunction in a large number of patients was seen with the eventual need for additional oral antihyperglycemic medication and even insulin treatment (1). Such a progression could be from a continued loss of β-cells, a progressive functional change, or from the combination of both. During the decades when type 2 diabetes was considered mainly a disease of insulin resistance, many older pathology studies that focused on the islets in diabetic pancreata were ignored. However, with the renewed appreciation of the role of the pancreatic β-cell in type 2 diabetes, new studies have focused on what happens to the β-cells in type 2 diabetes. This perspectives in diabetes article will present what we know and still need to know about the islets in type 2 diabetes.

### Islet architecture in human pancreas.

The islets of most mammalian species have a nonrandom pattern with a core of β-cells surrounded by a discontinuous mantle of non-β-cells one to three cells thick (2,3). However, islets of human and other primates have a more complex arrangement with many different islet profiles, including cloverleaf patterns. The profile differences have led to controversy about whether they actually have a mantle-core arrangement (3) or were random (4–6). In three dimensions, human islets can be considered as composites of several mantle-core subunits (7) or as lobulated with mantle-core lobules (3). In smaller islets, the rodent mantle core subunit arrangement is maintained, but in larger islets irregular fusion of such subunits are seen (Fig. 1). Most of the non-β-cells are found along penetrations of islet vasculature between subunits and the periphery (3,4), thus maintaining a mantle-core arrangement. Histologically, islets in the type 2 diabetic pancreas do not appear …
P282 The design and validation of a novel semiautomatic lung navigation platform (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In the era of lung cancer screening, tissue acquisition of peripheral lung lesions remains a challenge. We have developed a 3D electromagnetic navigation platform with airway segmentation and virtual bronchoscopy using a open source 3D slicer environment. <h3>Methods</h3> The open source visualisation software (3D Slicer www.slicer.org) created a detailed airway segmentation and virtual bronchoscopy model from acquired CT images. A magnetic field emitter board provides tracking of a semiautomatic locatable sensor probe (SALP) in the working channel of the bronchoscopewith always-on tip tracked sensor and can be steered both manually and automaticaly with joy stick, for accurate localization of peripheral lung lesion. An extensive ex-vivo evaluation was performed in a breathing lung model that was developed using inflatable plasticized pig lungs in a negative-pressure Following this, in-vivo real time navigation in a live porcine model using a selection of novel radioopaque fiducials placed endobronchially into distal airways. <h3>Results</h3> After completion of a selection of experiments using the breathing pig lung model, fiducials were placed endobronchially in our live porcine model. Thereafter, CT images were used to create a virtual airway 3D segmentation model. After multiplaner re-construction, land mark based registration was performed to align the CT and anaesthetised porcine. Manual and automatic navigation with the bronchoscope containing the SALP was performed. The average navigation distance covered was 85.3 mm. The navigational system accurately determined 84% of the navigation points within the airways. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our navigational platform is inexpensive and open source and is the first to utilise SALP. In our model, there is good agreement between the position of the sensor probe during bronchoscopic navigation and as visualised in virtual bronchoscopy. Further work is being carried out to improve registration and accuracy of the navigational system before a pilot study in patients with peripheral lung nodules.
PRKACA L206R mutation in adrenal Cushing's syndrome makes PKA RII[beta] susceptible for caspase-mediated cleavage (2018)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
[Prognostic factors in the course of kidney transplantation]. (1994)

The success rate of kidney transplants is influenced by many factors. Analysis of the largest available collection of transplant data shows a statistical influence of HLA compatibility, immunosuppression with cyclosporin, donor age, preservation solution with preservation times longer than 24 h, and prophylactic treatment with anti-CMV immunoglobulin in transplants from CMV-positive donors to CMV-negative recipients. Type and duration of pretransplant dialysis and recipient age were not shown to have a significant influence. These results demonstrate that the analysis of retrospective data allows a quantitative estimation of the influence of risk factors. This knowledge can be utilized prospectively to improve the transplant success rate.
Diet posttranslationally modifies the mouse gut microbial proteome to modulate renal function (2020)

Associations between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the gut microbiota have been postulated, yet questions remain about the underlying mechanisms. In humans, dietary protein increases gut bacterial production of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S), indole, and indoxyl sulfate. The latter are uremic toxins, and H<sub>2</sub>S has diverse physiological functions, some of which are mediated by posttranslational modification. In a mouse model of CKD, we found that a high sulfur amino acid-containing diet resulted in posttranslationally modified microbial tryptophanase activity. This reduced uremic toxin-producing activity and ameliorated progression to CKD in the mice. Thus, diet can tune microbiota function to support healthy host physiology through posttranslational modification without altering microbial community composition.
First-Phase Insulin Release in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Correlation with Clinical and Biological Parameters (1992)

Adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at high risk for developing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the fast insulin release (FIR) to intravenously administered glucose was measured in 23 adult CF patients. The influence of the clinical parameters and type of gene deletion on the amplitude of the FIR, defined by the sum of the 1st- and 3rd-minute insulin concentrations was analyzed. In 11 of the 18 normoglycemic patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and the 3 nontreated diabetic CF patients studied, an FIR value lower than the 3rd percentile was found. The female patients had higher mean FIR values than the male patients (62.8 +/- 39.6 vs. 27.9 +/- 17.9 mU/l; p < 0.05). No influence of age, body mass index, or pulmonary or liver involvement on the FIR was found. Subjects heterozygous for the delta F508 deletion had a similar insulin response as homozygous patients. The FIR level correlated negatively with the basal glucose level (r = 0.4; p < 0.001). In conclusion, 61% of the adult nondiabetic CF patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency presented a loss in acute insulin response, which could not be predicted by clinical or genetic parameters.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUITABLE WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS AS SEGREGATION CONTROLLING ADMIXTURE OF HIGH-FLUIDITY CONCRETE (1995)

In a study using seven water-soluble polymers (two cellulosic polymers, three synthetic resins, and two natural gums), a nonionic cellulose ether was found to be the most suitable polymer as segregation controlling admixture for high-fluidity concrete. The evaluation was carried out by measuring the viscosity of cement paste, the deformability and resistance to material segregation of cement mortar. In addition, the concrete containing the nonionic cellulose ether had a superior fluidity and high resistance to material segregation, and its durability (shrinkage, freeze-thaw resistance and neutralization) was equivalent to that of ordinary concrete with the same water cement ratio.
Influence of Chloroquine on Diet-Induced Pancreatitis (1993)

Recent investigations have suggested that digestive zymogens may become activated within the acinar cell during acute pancreatitis. While the molecular events responsible for intracellular zymogen activation remain unknown, several potential enzymatic pathways require an acidic pH to optimally proceed. We therefore proposed that manipulation of subcellular pH might alter the course of experimental pancreatitis. Chloroquine, a weak base that raises the pH of acidic subcellular compartments, was administered to young female mice in which pancreatitis was induced by a choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet. Control animals were maintained on regular laboratory chow. Examination of isolated pancreatic acini using acridine orange cytofluorescence demonstrated expansion of acidic subcellular compartments in animals fed the CDE diet. These compartments were effectively neutralized in animals receiving chloroquine. Animals receiving continuous infusions of high-dose chloroquine demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in free pancreatic tryptic activity as well as improved survival. These changes were also associated with decreased trypsinogen content in animals treated with high-dose chloroquine, suggesting an additional potential effect of chloroquine on zymogen synthesis and accumulation. One explanation of these findings is that a low-pH compartment may be important in the pathogenesis of diet-induced pancreatitis.
Permanent High-Activity Iodine-125 in the Management of Petroclival Meningiomas: Case Reports (1989)

Two cases of petroclival meningiomas are reported wherein the tumors were completely destroyed without surgical resection or external-beam irradiation by means of permanent stereotactic implantation of one or two high-activity iodine-125 seeds.
Inhibition of p53 Activity In Vitro and In Living Cells by a Synthetic Peptide Derived from its Core Domain (2003)

Much effort was expended to develop anti-cancer drugs that restore the function of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. However, the p53 activity might be harmful to the organism by amplifying side effects of chemotherapy. Therefore, under certain conditions, inhibition of p53 can serve to prevent inappropriately triggered apoptosis in normal tissues. We have identified a short 22-mer peptide derived from the p53 core domain (peptide 14), which can inhibit p53 specific DNA binding. Upon introduction in living cells, peptide 14 inhibited the ability of p53 to transactivate a reporter gene. Moreover, peptide 14 blocked p53-induced apoptosis in two different cell lines. Peptide 14-mediated inhibition of p53 activity appears to operate via the binding of peptide to the core and/or C-terminal domains of the p53 protein. Our findings provide a basis for the development of a novel approach aimed at the inhibition of p53. This could be essential for the protection from cell death in tissues thus suppressing for example neurodegenerative process or side effects of radio- or chemotherapy.
Das Zerstäuben als Grundverfahren (1990)

Abstract Atomization as a unit process. Liquid atomization can be classified by three successive steps: disintegration; multiphase flow in the spray; and impact of droplets on the substrate. The most important process parameter is the size distribution of the droplets. By means of this parameter the liquid disintegration process can be related to the different transport phenomena in the spray or to the impacting process. The size distribution of the droplets is not a static parameter but an evolving result of local changes depending on sifting effects, on strand formation, on coalescence, on evaporation, on drying or chemical reaction processes. It is thus essential, for further analysis, to start from local instead of integral size distributions. This will be possible because of the efficiency of new particle sizing instruments with high spatial or temporal resolution. This opens the possibility for differential instead of integral balance. From this one can derive, for the future, higher precision of apparatus design and improved optimization procedures for process design. Finally, appropriate measuring techniques are discussed with regard to their special applicability to liquid atomization analysis.
Concentration of bisphenol A in thermal paper (2010)

Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used as a color developer in thermal paper. Thermal paper is ubiquitous in daily life due to its use in cash register receipts, so opportunities for human contact abound. For this study, 10 blank cash register receipts were obtained from businesses in suburban Boston. BPA was extracted and analysis of concentration was performed using gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector. In some receipts, BPA was not detected but in others it was as high as 19 mg for a 12-inch long receipt, which is in line with concentrations indicated in patents. This study is intended to highlight the potential for human exposure to BPA as well as the ease with which exposure may be reduced through the use of BPA-free thermal paper.
Modeling and emulation of an osmotic power system (2016)

In this paper, the design of a pressure retarded osmotic (PRO) power system and its basic operational model is presented. In the proposed system, power is generated (at estuaries where the river meets sea) due to the difference in salt concentration between the water sources. A hydro-electric power system is designed and emulated in real-time for isolated loads up to 12 kW power. The emulator provides an effective and economic means to test the control algorithms for the osmotic power system in the laboratory environment. In this paper, topics such as the design of the hydro-power plant including the selection of impulse turbine, permanent magnet generator and maximum power point operation is presented with simulation and experimental results.
Electrical Conductance Measurement of Oligothiophene Molecular Wires Using Nanogap Electrodes Prepared by Electrochemical Plating (2006)

Abstract Nanogap electrodes were prepared by electroplating. The starting electrodes of gold were patterned by conventional photolithography and lift-off techniques, and the gap separation was reduced by depositing gold in electroplating solution. Careful control of deposition conditions by monitoring the current through the electrodes enabled us to obtain the electrodes with the separation of less than 10 nm. Electrical conductunce of newly designed oligothiophene wires was measuerd with the nanogap electrodes prepared.
Strategically robust urban planning? A demonstration of concept (2013)

Planning for the future is inherently risky. In most systems, exogenous driving forces affect any strategy's performance. Uncertainty about the state of those driving forces requires strategies that perform well in the face of a range of possible, even improbable, future conditions. This study formalizes the relationship between different methods proposed in the literature for rigorously exploring possible futures and then develops and applies the computational technique of scenario discovery to the policy option of a subsidy for low-income households in downtown Lisbon. The work demonstrates one way in which urban models can be applied to identify robust urban development strategies. Using the UrbanSim model, we offer the first known example of applying computational scenario-discovery techniques to the urban realm. We construct scenarios from combinations of values for presumed exogenous variablesâ€”population growth rate, employment growth rate, gas prices, and construction costsâ€”using a Latin-hypercube-sample experimental design. We then data mine the resulting alternative futures to identify scenarios in which an example policy fails to achieve its goals. This demonstration of concept aims to lead to a new practical application of integrated urban models in a way that quantitatively tests the strategic robustness of urban interventions.