gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary pathophysiological changes in sheep caused by endotoxin precursor, lipid X (1985)

The chemical structure of the biologically active lipid A portion of Gram-negative endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] has recently been elucidated. This was greatly facilitated by the isolation of an Escherichia coli mutant that accumulates large quantities of lipid X, a novel monosaccharide precursor of lipid A (C. R. H. Raetz, Rev. Infect. Dis. 6: 463-471, 1984). We now report on the activity of lipid X in the lung-lymph model in sheep. We have measured the response to cumulative bolus injections of lipid X (2,3-diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate) in six chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep. Lipid X at a total dose of 40 micrograms/kg produced a biphasic pattern of changes. The early phase was characterized by a rapid transient pulmonary arterial constrictive response that was dose dependent, accompanied by a delayed transient increase in lung-lymph flow (P less than 0.05), a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in arterial blood O2 tension and an increase (P less than 0.05) in lung-lymph protein clearance. Protein permeability changes in the first phase are not usually seen following endotoxin injection. However, like endotoxin, lipid X also produced a late phase (3-6 h later) of increased lung vascular permeability to fluid and protein as reflected by significant (P less than 0.05) increases in both lung-lymph flow and lung-lymph protein clearance in the presence of stable pulmonary vascular pressures at or below base-line levels. We conclude that some of the pulmonary pressor activity of the endotoxin molecule can be attributed to the lipid X substructure. Furthermore, changes in vascular permeability may also be initiated by this substance.
Vitamin D-Cathelicidin Axis: at the Crossroads between Protective Immunity and Pathological Inflammation during Infection (2020)

Vitamin D signaling plays an essential role in innate defense against intracellular microorganisms via the generation of the antimicrobial protein cathelicidin. In addition to directly binding to and killing a range of pathogens, cathelicidin acts as a secondary messenger driving vitamin D-mediated inflammation during infection. Recent studies have elucidated the biological and clinical functions of cathelicidin in the context of vitamin D signaling. The vitamin D-cathelicidin axis is involved in the activation of autophagy, which enhances antimicrobial effects against diverse pathogens. Vitamin D studies have also revealed positive and negative regulatory effects of cathelicidin on inflammatory responses to pathogenic stimuli. Diverse innate and adaptive immune signals crosstalk with functional vitamin D receptor signals to enhance the role of cathelicidin action in cell-autonomous effector systems. In this review, we discuss recent findings that demonstrate how the vitamin D-cathelicidin pathway regulates autophagy machinery, protective immune defenses, and inflammation, and contributes to immune cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity. Understanding how the vitamin D-cathelicidin axis operates in the host response to infection will create opportunities for the development of new therapeutic approaches against a variety of infectious diseases.
Growth Hormone Did Not Enhance Mucosal Hyperplasia after Small-Bowel Resection (1996)

The present results suggest that a pharmacologic dose of GH directly stimulates growth of resected animals and ileal sucrase and maltase activities without increasing serum IGF-I levels or increasing absorptive surface area in the small intestine.
Kinetic analysis of the heparin-enhanced plasmin–antithrombin III reaction. Apparent catalytic role of heparin (1981)

Inactivation of plasmin by a 3-4-fold molar excess of antithrombin III follows pseudo-first-order kinetics and the apparent rate constants are proportional to the concentration of the inhibitor. Heparin accelerates the inactivation reaction without changing its pseudo-first-order character, and the apparent rate constants are also proportional to the concentration of the polysaccharide. Heparin results in a minimum 20-fold rate enhancement of the reaction between plasmin and antithrombin III when the concentrations of heparin and plasmin are approx. 0.5mum and 1mum respectively. Heparin at a molar concentration well below that of plasmin still accelerates the reaction: one molecule of the polysaccharide is able to facilitate the inactivation of about 100 molecules of plasmin. Heparin must bind to plasmin to accelerate the plasmin-antithrombin III reaction, since the modification of four to five lysine residues of the enzyme inhibits the rate-enhancement effect of heparin and the dissociation of heparin-plasmin complex decreases the inactivation rate of plasmin. Increasing the concentration of antithrombin III, at a constant amount of heparin, results in increase of the inactivation rate. By contrast, the effect of increasing the amount of plasmin in the presence of constant amount of heparin and antithrombin III is such that higher plasmin-to-heparin ratios are associated with lower rates of inactivation. It seems, therefore, that to obtain ;optimal' conditions for fast enzyme inactivation, the amount of heparin should be matched to plasmin rather than to antithrombin III. Arrhenius plots of the plasmin-antithrombin III reaction are linear both in the absence and presence of heparin, at concentrations of 1 or 2mug/ml, over a range of 26K. Under these experimental conditions, heparin increases activation entropy. The findings show that heparin seems to fulfil some criteria that are characteristic for biological catalysis: binding, reaction-rate enhancement (increasing activation entropy), recycling of heparin (effectiveness of non-stoichiometric amounts of the polysaccharide) and specificity.
Volume regulation and intracellular calcium in the rabbit proximal convoluted tubule (1991)

The hypothesis that an increase of calcium leads to activation of calcium-activated ionic conductances during cell swelling was examined in the isolated perfused proximal convoluted tubule of the rabbit. Reduction of bath and luminal osmolality by 90 mosmol/kgH2O caused the cells to swell by 23.6 +/- 1.5% (n = 5) and intracellular calcium to rise from 227 +/- 35 to 347 +/- 60 nM (n = 6). Both these increases were transient, with volume decreasing to 5.5 +/- 1.2% above control and intracellular calcium concentration decreasing to 272 +/- 46 nM after 5-9 min. The addition of glucose and alanine to the tubule lumen to increase transcellular sodium transport caused a sustained increase in cell volume of 15.6 +/- 3.4% (n = 4). In parallel experiments, no significant increase in intracellular calcium concentration was observed. Addition of 1 microM of the calcium ionophore, ionomycin, reversibly increased intracellular calcium by 224 +/- 60 nM from a control value of 301 +/- 29 nM (n = 7) and reversibly depolarized the basolateral membrane by 3.6 +/- 0.9 mV (n = 5). However, there was no initial increase in the apparent transference number for potassium or chloride and no significant change in cell volume. We conclude from these observations that the sustained increase in basolateral potassium conductance observed when cells are swollen by hypotonicity or increased sodium transport (J. S. Beck and D. J. Potts. J. Physiol. Lond. 425: 369-378, 1990) is not due to a calcium-activated potassium conductance.
On the Modeling of Acrylic Acid Copolymerization in an Aqueous Solution: A Modular, Integrated Approach (2016)

A complete mathematical model of the free‐radical copolymerization of acrylic acid in an aqueous solution, taking place in a pilot‐scale tubular reactor equipped with static mixers, is presented. The developed kinetic/reactor model is numerically integrated in terms of a coupled deterministic–stochastic numerical approach that combines the advantages of speed, efficiency, and increased predictive capabilities. A series of experimental measurements on the monomer conversion and the molecular weight characteristics of the produced copolymer, under a wide range of process conditions, are used for the identification of the kinetic model parameters while a thorough analysis of the compositional characteristics of the produced copolymers is also carried out in terms of a series of bivariate distributed properties. image
Assessing Cancer Treatment Information Using Medicare and Hospital Discharge Data among Women with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Los Angeles County Case–Control Study (2020)

Various administrative databases can supplement epidemiologic studies, depending on treatment type and NHL subtype of interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Monothioxamides with N‐Nucleophiles. Synthesis of 4,5‐Dihydroimidazole‐2‐carboxanilides. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Monitoring Operating Conditions of Wireless Power Transfer Systems Using Distributed Estimation Process (2021)

The cyber-physical system such as wireless information and wireless power (WIPT) transfer plays an important role in the internet of things (IoT) applications. The billions of smart objects and devices are connected to the global IoT platform. To get benefit from the IoT technology, smart customers and system operators demand to supply wireless power wireless for making electronic things alive. In this way, the IoT can make greener and smart city with an interconnected digital platforms. However, it is a very difficult and challenging task for supplying wireless power to the smart objects. In order to provide wireless power to the IoT enabled devices, the wireless power transfer system can play a vital role for providing greener and sustainable environment. In light of this demand, this paper provides a comprehensive literature review and potential research challenges for WIPT incorporating wireless power transfer (WPT) system. In order to supply energy to the devices, the electricity generating electronics circuit requires to know the operating conditions of the system state, which acts as a precursor to design the controller. To know the system operating conditions of wireless power transfer system, the distributed state estimation algorithm is proposed and it convergence is analysed. Finally, the proposed algorithm is verified considering the WPT system. For doing this, the state-space framework of the WPT system is developed. Numerical simulations results show that the proposed algorithms can able to estimate and stabilise the WPT system states within a short period of time. Therefore, this framework is valuable to design WIPT and IoT platform and provide a compressive of source for researchers.
Combining anti-OX40 with an inhibitor of TGF-β signaling overcomes the immunosuppressive environment in established tumors (P2026) (2013)

Abstract OX40 (CD134, TNFRSF4), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily is expressed on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Engagement of OX40 with cognate ligand or soluble agonist enhances T cell proliferation, survival and cytokine production by memory T cells. Although αOX40 therapy has been effective at controlling incipient tumors in a variety of mouse tumor models, it has been less effective at eradicating large established tumors. Pervasive immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment has been implicated as a potential mechanism of immune evasion by tumor cells. Here we show that combining agonist antibody (αOX40) with an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of TGF-β signaling, results in complete regression of well-established tumors in ~85% of treated mice. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from these dual treated mice produce increased levels of Granzyme-B and IFNγ and higher levels of the proliferation marker Ki67. Differences seen in STAT3 expression by the TIL led us to investigate the role of STAT3 in this anti-tumor effect. Using an OX40 promoter-driven CRE model to knock out the STAT3 gene in activated T-lymphocytes, we demonstrated that STAT3 is essential for the therapeutic efficacy of the combination treatment as a 50% drop in tumor cure rate was observed in STAT-3 deficient mice compared to STAT3 sufficient mice. Together these results demonstrate the anti-tumor efficacy of combining OX40 therapy with TGF-β inhibition.
Cement-in-cement femoral component revision in the multiply revised total hip arthroplasty (2017)

Cement-in-cement revision is a viable technique for performing multiple revisions of the well cemented femoral component during revision total hip arthroplasty at a minimum of five years follow-up. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:199-203.
QoS control in the 3GPP evolved packet system (2009)

In this article we describe the QoS concept of the evolved packet system, which was standardized in 3GPP Release 8. The concept provides access network operators and service operators with a set of tools to enable service and subscriber differentiation. Such tools are becoming increasingly important as operators are moving from a single to a multi-service offering at the same time as both the number of mobile broadband subscribers and the traffic volume per subscriber is rapidly increasing. The "bearer" is a central element of the EPS QoS concept and is the level of granularity for bearer-level QoS control. The network-initiated QoS control paradigm specified in EPS is a set of signaling procedures for managing bearers and controlling their QoS assigned by the network. The EPS QoS concept is class-based, where each bearer is assigned one and only one QoS class identifier by the network. The QCI is a scalar that is used within the access network as a reference to node-specific parameters that control packet forwarding treatment. This class-based approach, together with the network-initiated QoS control paradigm, gives network operators full control over the QoS provided for its offered services for each of its subscriber groups.
<title>An Improved Stereotactic System For CT Aided Neurosurgery</title> (1982)

Several computed tomography (CT) aided stereotactic systems have been introduced during the last five years for precise placement of neurosurgical instruments. Using digital CT image data that is transformed to a patient-frame coordinate system surgery can be simulated, planned and executed with sub-millimeter precision. This paper introduces a second generation stereotactic system that improves on speed, image resolution, accuracy and patient comfort of past and current systems. The system described here is designed for surgical procedures conducted entirely in the CT suite. Geometric resolution of this system is presented, test procedures are described and phantom results are discussed. An application to percutaneous knee surgery is briefly mentioned. At this writing patient data is not yet available.
Persistent Protein Motions in a Rugged Energy Landscape Revealed by Normal Mode Ensemble Analysis (2020)

Proteins are allosteric machines that couple motions at distinct, often distant, sites to control biological function. Low-frequency structural vibrations are a mechanism of this long-distance connection and are often used computationally to predict correlations, but experimentally identifying the vibrations associated with specific motions has proved challenging. Spectroscopy is an ideal tool to explore these excitations, but measurements have been largely unable to identify important frequency bands. The result is at odds with some previous calculations and raises the question what methods could successfully characterize protein structural vibrations. Here we show the lack of spectral structure arises in part from the variations in protein structure as the protein samples the energy landscape. However, by averaging over the energy landscape as sampled using an aggregate 18.5 μs of all-atom molecular dynamics simulation of hen egg white lysozyme and normal-mode analyses, we find vibrations with large overlap with functional displacements are surprisingly concentrated in narrow frequency bands. These bands are not apparent in either the ensemble averaged vibrational density of states or isotropic absorption. However, in the case of the ensemble averaged anisotropic absorption, there is persistent spectral structure and overlap between this structure and the functional displacement frequency bands. We systematically lay out heuristics for calculating the spectra robustly, including the need for statistical sampling of the protein and inclusion of adequate water in the spectral calculation. The results show the congested spectrum of these complex molecules obscures important frequency bands associated with function and reveal a method to overcome this congestion by combining structurally sensitive spectroscopy with robust normal mode ensemble analysis.
3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as a versatile building block for advanced functional π-conjugated systems (2005)

The potentialities offered by EDOT as a building block for the synthesis of functional π-conjugated systems are reviewed. The first part underlines the specific advantages of the EDOT unit for the design of precursors of electrogenerated functional conducting polymers combining high reactivity and low polymerization potential. This topic is illustrated by some recent examples of polymers with specific electrochemical properties and/or a reduced band gap. The second part is focused on the interest of EDOT as a building block for the synthesis of various classes of molecular functional π-conjugated systems. Examples of fluorophores, push–pull chromophores for nonlinear optics and extended π-donors are presented. Emphasis is placed on the optical and crystallographic structure of these compounds, which shows that a major advantage of the EDOT building block lies in an unique combination of strong electron donor properties and self-structuring effects related to intramolecular non-covalent interactions between oxygen and sulfur. Such intramolecular interactions also exert a determining influence on the structure and electronic properties of π-conjugated oligomers incorporating EDOT units which represent some of the more recent uses of the EDOT building block. The structure–property relationships of various classes of EDOT-containing conjugated oligomers are discussed in relation to their potential use as organic semi-conductors. In a brief last section, various synthetic approaches devoted to the chemistry of EDOT itself, or to the modification of its chemical structure, are discussed in relation with possible future research directions.
Observation of Transient Iron(II) Formation in Dye-Sensitized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Time-Resolved X-ray Spectroscopy (2010)

The reduction of ferric iron in solid phase minerals leads to the mobilization of ferrous iron in the environment and is thus a crucial component of the global iron cycle. Despite the importance of this process, a mechanistic understanding of the structural and chemical changes that are caused by this electron transfer reaction is not established because the speed of the fundamental chemical steps renders them inaccessible to conventional study. Ultrafast time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy is a technique that can overcome this limitation and measure changes in oxidation state and structure occurring during chemical reactions that can be initiated by a fast laser pulse. We use this approach with ∼100 ps resolution to monitor the speciation of Fe atoms in iron oxide nanoparticles following photoinduced electron transfer from a surface-bound photoactive dye molecule. These data represent the first direct real-time observation of the dynamics of ferrous ion formation and subsequent reoxidation in iron oxide.
Aqueous Complexes for Efficient Size-based Separation of Americium from Curium (2014)

Complexation of the adjacent actinide ions americium(III) and curium(III) by the ligand N,N'-bis[(6-carboxy-2-pyridyl)methyl]-1,10-diaza-18-crown-6 (H2bp18c6) in aqueous solution was studied to quantify and characterize its americium/curium selectivity. Liquid-liquid extraction and spectrophotometric titration indicated the presence of both fully deprotonated and monoprotonated complexes, An(bp18c6)(+) and An(Hbp18c6)(2+) (An = Am or Cm), at the acidities that would be encountered when treating nuclear wastes. The stability constants of the complexes in 1 M NaNO3 determined using competitive complexation were log β101 = 15.49 ± 0.06 for Am and 14.88 ± 0.03 for Cm, indicating a reversal of the usual order of complex stability, where ligands bind the smaller Cm(III) ion more tightly than Am(III). The Am/Cm selectivity of bp18c6(2-) that is defined by the ratio of the Am and Cm stability constants (β101 Am/β101 Cm = 4.1) is the largest reported so far for binary An(III)-ligand complexes. Theoretical density functional theory calculations using the B3LYP functional suggest that the ligand's size-selectivity for larger 4f- and 5f-element cations arises from steric constraints in the crown ether ring. Enhanced 5f character in molecular orbitals involving actinide-nitrogen interactions is predicted to favor actinide(III) complexation by bp18c6(2-) over the complexation of similarly sized lanthanide(III) cations.
Optoelectronics and Electrochemical Properties of RuO2/PEDOT:PSS Transparent, Conductive Ultrathin Films (2016)

Transparent, conductive electrodes are important in many applications such as touch screens, displays and solar cells. Transparent energy storage systems will require materials that can simultaneously act as current collectors and active storage media. This is challenging as it means improving the energy storage capability of conducting materials while retaining transparency. Here, we have used aerosol-jet spraying strategy to prepare transparent supercapacitor electrodes from ruthenium oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene-4-sulfonate), (RuO 2 /PEDOT:PSS) hybrid thin films. These films combine excellent transparency with reasonably high conductivity (DC conductivity =279 S/cm) and excellent volumetric capacitance ( C V =190 F/cm 3 ). We demonstrate electrodes with transparency of 93% which display an areal capacitance of C/A =1.2 mF/cm 2 , significantly higher than the rest reported electrodes with comparable transparency. We have assembled flexible, transparent, solid-state symmetric devices which exhibit T =80% and C/A =0.84 mF/cm 2 and are stable over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. Asymmetric solid-state device with RuO 2 /PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT:PSS thin films as positive and negative electrodes, respectively, display an areal capacitances of 1.06 mF/cm 2 , a maximum power density ( P/A ) of 147 μW/cm 2 and an energy density ( E/A ) of 0.053 μWh/cm 2 . Furthermore, large area transparent solid-state supercapacitor device has been built. We believe the solution-processed transparent films could be easily scaled-up to meet the industrial demands.
Optimal sojourn time control within an interval (2004)

In this paper we study the problem of finding the optimal feedback control that can keep an agent within an interval for at least a certain amount of expected time with the least energy. The dynamics of the agent are subject to the perturbation of random noises, and thus are given by a stochastic differential equation. By formulating the problem as an optimal control problem, we propose a solution by using the maximum principle and finding a first integral to the resulting differential equations. Some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the results.
Opto-nanofluidic biosensing and manipulation using nanoholes in metal films (2011)

Dramatically faster surface-based optical sensing is demonstrated using nanohole arrays in a metal film as nanofluidic channels to overcome diffusion bottlenecks. In another experiment, 50-nm dielectric particles are trapped with milliwatt powers using a nanohole.