gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled onset of low-velocity collisions in a vibro-impacting system with friction (2009)

This paper investigates the onset of low-velocity, near-grazing collisions in an example vibro-impacting system with dry friction with particular emphasis on feedback control strategies that regulate the grazing-induced bifurcation behaviour. The example system is characterized by a twofold degeneracy of grazing contact along an extremal stick solution that is shown to result in a locally one-dimensional and piecewise-linear description of the near-grazing dynamics. Explicit control strategies are derived that ensure a persistent, low-impact-velocity, steady-state response across the critical parameter value corresponding to grazing contact even in instances where the dynamics in the absence of control exhibit a sudden transition to a high-impact-velocity response.
UIO: a uniform I/O system interface for distributed systems (1987)

A uniform I/O interface allows programs to be written relatively independently of specific I/O services and yet work with a wide variety of the I/O services available in a distributed environment. Ideally, the interface provides this uniform access without excessive complexity in the interface or loss of performance. However, a uniform interface does not arise from careful design of individual system interfaces alone; it requires explicit definition. In this paper, the UIO (uniform I/O) system interface that has been used for the past five years in the V distributed operating system is described, with the focus on the key design issues. This interface provides several extensions beyond the I/O interface of UNIX™, including support for record I/O, locking, atomic transactions, and replication, as well as attributes that indicate whether optional semantics and operations are available. Experience in using and implementing this interface with a variety of different I/O services is described, along with the performance of both local and network I/O. It is concluded that the UIO interface provides a uniform I/O system interface with significant functionality, wide applicability, and no significant performance penalty.
Performance Evaluation of Underwater Wireless Optical Communications Links in the Presence of Different Air Bubble Populations (2017)

We experimentally evaluate the performance of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) links in the presence of different air bubbles. Air bubbles of different sizes and densities are generated by using an air pipe in conjunction with a submersible water pump of variable flow rate that helps break up large bubbles into smaller bubbles. Received signal intensity measurements show that bubbles significantly degrade the performance of UWOC links. Large bubbles completely obstruct the optical beam and cause a deep fade. However, as the bubble size decreases, the level of deep fade also decreases because the optical beam is less susceptible to complete obstruction, and more light reaches the detector. We also show that beam expansion could help mitigate the performance degradation due to the deep fade caused by air bubbles scatters in the channel.
Composition ratio dependence in high-Tc BRSCCO superconductors. (1990)

A relationship between X-ray powder diffraction pattern and superconducting characteristics has been systematically investigated with respect to Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu superconducting oxides. The starting composition ratio was changed to obtain an optimum high-Tc single phase. At a composition ratio of Bi1.85Pb0.35Sr1.9Ca2Cu3.2, a pure high-Tc phase was obtained in the X-ray diffraction pattern and ac susceptibility measurement, although the temperature-resistivity (T-R) characteristics was a mixing of two phases with the low-Tc and high-Tc. On the contrary, at a composition of Bi1.85Pb0.35Sr2.2Ca2 Cux(X=3.3, 3.4), a simple single phase pattern with Tc (end) at 107k was observed in its T-R characteristics, despite the fact that this composition give a mixed phase in its X-ray diffraction and ac susceptibility measurement. The zero resistance transition temperature is more sensitive to Sr molar ratio than to Cu molar ratio. Thus, under the solid-state reaction conditions of the present study, ther molar ratio of Sr play an important role for forming a large quantity of high-Tc crystal phase grain with such thin grain boundaries as to connect the high-Tc phase grains electrically.
The Evaluation of Index Poisoning in BitTorrent (2010)

In recent year, some popular P2P file-sharing systems have been identified to be polluted by the copyright Industry to control the unauthorized distribution of content. As one of the most common P2P pollution methods, the index poisoning controls the P2P file-sharing by inserting massive numbers of bogus records into the index of the P2P file-sharing system. In this paper, the index poisoning in the structured P2P file-sharing system is introduced firstly. A term ¿poison multiplication¿ is defined to describe the level of the poisoning and the probability model that a peer receives valid peer information on the condition of the index poisoning in BitTorrent is proposed. We run index poisoning in BitTorrent and evaluate the effect of it. The result of the evaluation shows that with the poison multiplication increases, the connection time and the randomness of the connection time increases. To our knowledge, this is the first study to employ BitTorrent as the platform to evaluate the effectiveness of the index poisoning.
Energy Efficient Communications for Reliable IoT Multicast 5G/Satellite Services (2019)

Satellites can provide strong value-add and complementarity with the new cellular system of the fifth generation (5G) in cost-effective solutions for a massive number of users/devices/things. Due to the inherent broadcast nature of satellite communications, which assures access to remote areas and the support to a very large number of devices, satellite systems will gain a major role in the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) sector. In this vision, reliable multicast services via satellite can be provided to deliver the same content efficiently to multiple devices on the Earth, or for software updating to groups of cars in the Machine-to-Machine (M2M) context or for sending control messages to actuators/IoT embedded devices. The paper focuses on the Network coding (NC) techniques applied to a hybrid satellite/terrestrial network to support reliable multicast services. An energy optimization method is proposed based on joint adaptation of: (i) the repetition factor of data symbols on multiple subcarries of the transmitted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal; and (ii) the mean number of needed coded packets according to the requirements of each group and to the physical satellite links conditions.
Quality attributes of recombinant therapeutic proteins: An assessment of impact on safety and efficacy as part of a quality by design development approach (2012)

Quality by Design (QbD) is a new approach to the development of recombinant therapeutic protein products that promotes a better understanding of the product and its manufacturing process. The first step in the QbD approach consists in identifying the critical quality attributes (CQA), i.e., those quality attributes of the product that have an impact on its clinical efficacy or safety. CQAs are identified through a science-based risk assessment taking into consideration a combination of clinical and nonclinical data obtained with the molecule or other similar molecules or platform products, as well as the published literature. The purpose of this article is to perform a comprehensive review of the published literature, supporting an assessment of the impact on safety and efficacy of the quality attributes commonly encountered in recombinant therapeutic proteins, more specifically those produced in mammalian cell expression systems. Quality attributes generally observed in biopharmaceutical proteins including product-related impurities and substances, process-related impurities, product attributes, and contaminants are evaluated one by one for their impact on biological activity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, and overall safety/toxicity.
The Foundations of the Digital Wireless World: Selected Works of a J Viterbi - Iisc Centenary Lecture (2009)

Professor Andrew J Viterbi has been extremely influential in the communications field via his invention of the Viterbi Algorithm, and his championing of CDMA technology developed by his company Qualcomm Inc. This book presents a selection of papers personally selected by him to mark his key technical contributions and his thoughts on CDMA technology as it evolved.
The new NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (GWAS Catalog) (2016)

The NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog has provided data from published genome-wide association studies since 2008. In 2015, the database was redesigned and relocated to EMBL-EBI. The new infrastructure includes a new graphical user interface (www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/), ontology supported search functionality and an improved curation interface. These developments have improved the data release frequency by increasing automation of curation and providing scaling improvements. The range of available Catalog data has also been extended with structured ancestry and recruitment information added for all studies. The infrastructure improvements also support scaling for larger arrays, exome and sequencing studies, allowing the Catalog to adapt to the needs of evolving study design, genotyping technologies and user needs in the future.
CXCR7 Controls Competition for Recruitment of β-Arrestin 2 in Cells Expressing Both CXCR4 and CXCR7 (2014)

Chemokine CXCL12 promotes growth and metastasis of more than 20 different human cancers, as well as pathogenesis of other common diseases. CXCL12 binds two different receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7, both of which recruit and signal through the cytosolic adapter protein β-arrestin 2. Differences in CXCL12-dependent recruitment of β-arrestin 2 in cells expressing one or both receptors remain poorly defined. To quantitatively investigate parameters controlling association of β-arrestin 2 with CXCR4 or CXCR7 in cells co-expressing both receptors, we used a systems biology approach combining real-time, multi-spectral luciferase complementation imaging with computational modeling. Cells expressing only CXCR4 maintain low basal association with β-arrestin 2, and CXCL12 induces a rapid, transient increase in this interaction. In contrast, cells expressing only CXCR7 have higher basal association with β-arrestin 2 and exhibit more gradual, prolonged recruitment of β-arrestin 2 in response to CXCL12. We developed and fit a data-driven computational model for association of either CXCR4 or CXCR7 with β-arrestin 2 in cells expressing only one type of receptor. We then experimentally validated model predictions that co-expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 on the same cell substantially decreases both the magnitude and duration of CXCL12-regulated recruitment of β-arrestin 2 to CXCR4. Co-expression of both receptors on the same cell only minimally alters recruitment of β-arrestin 2 to CXCR7. In silico experiments also identified β-arrestin 2 as a limiting factor in cells expressing both receptors, establishing that CXCR7 wins the "competition" with CXCR4 for CXCL12 and recruitment of β-arrestin 2. These results reveal how competition for β-arrestin 2 controls integrated responses to CXCL12 in cells expressing both CXCR4 and CXCR7. These results advance understanding of normal and pathologic functions of CXCL12, which is critical for developing effective strategies to target these pathways therapeutically.
Characterization of the human gene (PTGS2) encoding prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 (1994)

The human gene (PTGS2) encoding an inducible isozyme of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2) that is distinct from the well-characterized and constitutive isozyme (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1), was isolated using a polymerase-chain reaction-generated cDNA fragment probe for human prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the entire human prostaglandin-endoperoxide-synthase-2 gene demonstrated that it is more than 8.3 kb in size and consists of ten exons; this gene is very similar to the murine and chicken prostaglandin-endoperoxide-synthase-2 genes. The structures of exons in the human prostaglandin-endoperoxide-synthase-2 gene were also similar to those of the human prostaglandin-endoperoxide-synthase-1 gene (PTGS1). However, the sizes of introns in the human prostaglandin-endoperoxide-synthase-2 gene were generally smaller than those of the human prostaglandin-endoperoxide-synthase-1 gene. Primer-extension analysis indicated that the transcriptional-start site is 134 bases upstream of the translational-initiation site. The sequence of the 1.69-kb region of nucleotides preceding the transcriptional-start site and the first 0.8-kb intron contained a canonical TATA box and various transcriptional-regulatory elements (CArG box, NF-IL6, PEA-1, myb, GATA-1, xenobiotic-response element, cAMP-response element, NF-kappa B, PEA-3, Sp-1 and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-response element). The nucleotide sequence of the 5'-flanking region (275 bp) of the human prostaglandin-endoperoxide-synthase-2 gene showed 63% similarity to the sequence of murine prostaglandin-endoperoxide-synthase-2/TIS10 gene, but essentially no homology to the chicken prostaglandin-endoperoxide-synthase-2 gene, and human and murine prostaglandin-endoperoxide-synthase-1 genes. A fluorescence in situ hybridization study showed that the human genes coding for prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (PTGS1) and prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 2 (PTGS2) were mapped to distinct chromosomes 9q32-q33.3 and 1q25.2-q25.3, respectively, indicating that these genes are not genetically linked.
Holocene bioherms (algal ridges and bank-barrier reefs) of the eastern Caribbean (1976)

Based on aerial and surface reconnaissance of shallow-water reefs and algal ridges throughout the Lesser Antilles and coring of reef-ridge structures on St. Croix, Martinique, Antigua, and Guadeloupe, major emergent and shallow-water Holocene bioherms are characterized by maps and sections.

On St. Croix, an extensive bank-barrier reef about 13 to 18 m thick is developed on the inner part of the carbonate shelf. Stratigraphically, this reef has a lower Diploria - Montastrea -rubble-sand (or bank) facies, formed during middle to late Holocene time, overlain by a shallow-water Acropora palmata facies, formed during the past 1,000 yr. In exposed areas, at depths of less than 2 m, crustose coralline pavements are presently forming incipient algal ridges on the reef crest. Shoreward of the barrier reef, on preexisting benches at depths of 3 to 10 m, algal ridges had developed from 5000 to 2000 B.P. The developing barrier reef has since blocked wave action from the bench algal ridges, and many are now degenerating.

This same pattern occurs on the windward sides of many Lesser Antillean islands with the following variations: (1) Where wave energy is generally greater than on St. Croix, an extensive coralline- Millepore crust in the form of mounds or spurs, incipient algal ridges, or even well-developed algal ridges cap bank-barrier systems. (2) Where bank barriers have not blocked inshore bench algal ridges (especially on limestone islands), they remain well-developed and active. (3) Under some conditions, apparently associated with high energy and turbidity, fleshy algal pavements cap some bank-barrier structures.

In the Lesser Antilles where present shelf or bench depths are less than 10 to 12 m, the uppermost surfaces of Holocene bioherms have had sufficient time to build to maturity and now have reef flats and (or) algal ridges. Where shelf depths are between 10 and 20 m, modern Acropora palmata reef or algal ridge systems are forming on late Holocene deeper water bank bioherms. Where shelf depths are greater than 20 to 25 m, sufficient Holocene time has not elapsed to allow the extension of bioherms into shallow water. Shelf-edge reefs, especially without the possibility of a bank base, fall into this latter category and are generally immature and submerged.
Reevaluation of intrapartum fetal monitoring using fetal oximetry: A review (2018)

FPO (including the new device) with fetal heart rate monitoring in selected cases of NRFS may reduce the cesarean section rate.
Bicarbonate is Essential for Fertilization of Mouse Eggs: Mouse Sperm Require it to Undergo the Acrosome Reaction1 (1986)

Fertilization of mouse eggs by capacitated mouse sperm occurs readily in vitro in a defined culture medium designated medium CM, derived from Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium by supplementation with glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and albumin. Medium CM contains 25 mM HCO-3 equilibrated with CO2 to pH 7.4. Replacement of the CO2/HCO-3 buffer with 25 mM N-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-ethanesulfonate (HEPES) while otherwise maintaining pH, ionic strength, and composition identical to that of medium CM, yielded medium HM in which the percentage of in vitro fertilization observed was consistently zero. Addition of 10 mM HCO-3 to medium HM yielded medium HMB, in which the percentage of eggs fertilized was 70%, equal to that observed in medium CM. This percentage applies to cumulus-free, zona-intact eggs. With zona-free eggs, the percentage fertilization increased to 90% in media CM and HMB, but remained zero in medium HM. This result shows that HEPES does not inhibit fertilization while omission of CO2/HCO-3 blocks it completely. Capacitation of mouse sperm, as determined by chlortetracycline fluorescence assay, proceeded at the same rate in media CM and HMB, but was retarded in medium HM. Sufficient sperm became capacitated, however, that this could not be the block of fertilization. The acrosome reaction in sperm bound to isolated zonae pellucidae, as also determined by chlortetracycline fluorescence assay, occurred with the same time course in media CM and HMB, but did not occur in medium HM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sharpening the focus on occupational safety and health in nanotechnology (2008)

Increasing numbers of workers are involved with the production, use, distribution, and disposal of nanomaterials. At the same time, there is a growing number of reports of adverse biological effects of engineered nanoparticles in test systems. It is useful, at this juncture, to identify critical questions that will help address knowledge gaps concerning the potential occupational hazards of these materials. The questions address (i) hazard classification of engineered nanoparticles, (ii) exposure metrics, (iii) the actual exposures to the different engineered nanoparticles in the workplace, (iv) the limits of engineering controls and personal protective equipment with respect to engineered nanoparticles, (v) the kinds of surveillance programs that may be required at workplaces to protect potentially exposed workers, (vi) whether exposure registers should be established for workers potentially exposed to engineered nanoparticles, and, (vii) whether engineered nanoparticles should be treated as "new" substances and evaluated for safety and hazards?
Digital Image Improvement by Adding Noise: An Example by a Professional Photographer (2011)

To overcome shortcomings of digital images or to reproduce traditional film grains, some photographers add noise to digital image. In an effort to find a factor of preferable noise, the authors analyzed how a professional photographer introduces noise into black-and-white images and found two characteristics: (1) There is more noise in midtones than in highlights and shadows and (2) histograms in highlights are skewed toward shadows, and vice versa, while almost symmetrical in midtones. The authors also found that by approximating the symmetrical histograms by a Gaussian distribution and skewed ones by a chi-squared distribution, the noise could be reproduced to an extent that well satisfies the professional. Comparison of professional's noise to film grain showed that they have the following in common: (1) more noise in midtones but almost none in brightest and darkest region and (2) asymmetrical histograms in highlights and shadows. The authors think that these characteristics might be candidates for "good" noise" that allows simulation of traditional film photography.
Dual-rate optical transceiver incorporating fully optimized burst-mode AGC/ATC functions for 10G-EPON systems (2010)

10G-EPON dual-rate transceiver with receiver sensitivity of -30.8dBm for 10.3125Gb/s and -35.5dBm for 1.25Gb/s due to fully optimized burst-mode AGC/ATC functions was developed. A high launch power and low dispersion penalty transmission were also achieved.
Textural Characteristics of Queso Blanco (1985)

Instrumental evaluation of Queso Blanco texture as influenced by several factors was carried out using the Instron testing machine. Variables investigated were salting temperature of the curd, moisture content, and age of the cheese. Cheese hardness (maximum force) increased linearly with age over a 17-day period and was inversely related to moisture content. Hardness was not significantly affected by salting temperature of the curd. Stress decay under constant strain was greater with curd that had been salted at low temperatures. These observations are of value in process control.
Use of Capacitance to Measure Surface Forces. 1. Measuring Distance of Separation with Enhanced Spatial and Time Resolution (1996)

We describe a simple method to measure the separation and forces between two macroscopic surfaces mounted in a crossed cylinder arrangement. It is shown that by measuring the capacitance between silver layers deposited on the backside of thin mica substrates, it is possible to achieve spatial resolution of less than 0.1 nm and time resolution of 1 ms. The growth of capacitance with decreasing distance of separation follows the predicted dependence for an ideal sphere and plate capacitor. To demonstrate the capability of obtaining force−distance profiles with this technique, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) has been confined between the mica sheets. We find that the process of collapse of the confined liquid, from four molecular layers to three, occurs more rapidly than 1 ms. This technique is also shown to give excellent results for opaque surfaces used in the surface forces apparatus (SFA), and we show that the adhesion energy between two surfaces of oxidized silicon is 3 mJ/m2. Applications of this technique to the study of contact mechanics and dielectric properties of confined materials are discussed.
Specific interaction of the cyclophilin-cyclosporin complex with the B subunit of calcineurin (1993)

Calcineurin (CaN), a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase, has been shown to be inhibited by the complex of the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA) and its receptor, cyclophilin (CyP), but not by either alone. In the current study, the topological relationship between cyclophilin and the subunits of CaN has been explored using chemical cross-linking agents. In the presence of cyclosporin, 125I-CyP, shown to bind to CsA, is extensively cross-linked to the B subunit of CaN but not the catalytic A subunit. However, the A subunit is required for binding of the CyP.CsA complex, since cross-linking to recombinant B subunit alone does not occur. The kinetics of association indicate a saturable reaction with a Kd of less than 70 nM. Cross-linking to the B subunit occurs with cross-linkers that span from 0 to 16 A and employ different cross-linking chemistry, indicating direct contact between the B subunit and CyP. Similar cross-linking to the B subunit has been observed with the complex of 125I-labeled FK506 binding protein (FKBP) and FK506 but not with the FKBP-rapamycin complex. CyP.CsA cross-linking to CaN is Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent with intact CaN, but Ca2+/calmodulin-independent after digestion to remove the calmodulin binding and autoinhibitory domain.