gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Chloromethylation of Toluene and Conversion of p-Xylyl Chloride to Terephthaloyl Chloride (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chloromethylation of Toluene and Conversion of p-Xylyl Chloride to Terephthaloyl ChlorideNorman RabjohnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 21, 5479–5481Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01650a066RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views307Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (368 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Robust Nonvolatile Resistive Memory Device Based on a Freestanding Ultrathin 2D Imine Polymer Film (2019)

Here, the synthesis of a wafer-scale ultrathin 2D imine polymer (2DP) film with controllable thickness from simple benzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde (BTA) and p-phenylenediamine (PDA) building blocks is reported using a Schiff base polycondensation reaction at the air-water interface. The synthesized freestanding 2DP films are porous, insulating, and more importantly, covalently linked, which is ideally suited for nonvolatile memristors that use a conductive filament mechanism. These devices exhibit excellent switching performance with high reliability and reproducibility, with on/off ratios in the range of 10<sup>2</sup> to 10<sup>5</sup> depending on the thickness of the film. In addition, the endurance and data retention capability of 2DP-based nonvolatile resistive memristors are up to 200 cycles and 8 × 10<sup>4</sup> s under constant voltage stress at 0.1 V. The intrinsic flexibility of the covalent organic polymer enables the fabrication of a flexible memory device on a polyimide film, which exhibits as reliable memory performance as that on the rigid substrate. Moreover, the 2DP-based memory device shows outstanding thermal stability and organic solvent resistance, which are desirable properties for applications in wearable devices.
Multi-channel transmission with efficient delivery of routing information in maritime WiMAX mesh networks (2009)

There is a lack of broadband wireless network in sea to meet the increasing needs of modern maritime users and we have envisaged WiMAX mesh networks for high-speed and low-cost ship-to-ship/shore communications. In such a maritime WiMAX mesh network, due to the long transmission distance and the distributed scheduling among two-hop neighbors, a single frequency channel may not be sufficient to provide the required bandwidth. An effective solution is to employ multiple frequency channels, by which the network capacity can be greatly increased. This paper presents operation of multi-channel transmission in maritime WiMAX mesh networks including allocation of minislots and frequency channels. The operation is based on a distributed adaptive time slots allocation and use of availability tables tracing minislots status. In the design, routing information is delivered in control subframe portion, and then the spreading of routing information can be speed up and less overhead in control slots can be used to describe and broadcast the availabilities of the minislots. Simulation results show that with the proposed scheme, by multi-channel transmission, the network performance can be improved in average packet delay and packets delivery ratio.
A neural network controller for Cartesian Plotter (2013)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a neural network controller capable of printing designs and drawings on paper using a Cartesian Plotter. The Cartesian plotter uses two dc motors with incremental encoders for motion along x and y-axis while third dc motor along z-axis controls the pen assembly for drawing the text and graphics data. The motion commands for the motors are generated with the help of a simple feed forward neural network controller trained with back propagation algorithm. The nine inputs, two output neural controller employs four neurons in the hidden layer with tangent sigmoid being activation function for hidden neurons while linear function is used for output neurons. The proposed neural controller can drive the pen assembly in one of the eight possible directions and thus produces similar results to the famous Bresenham's algorithm. Simulations and practical results validate the neural controller for use with Cartesian plotters.
Materializing Culture - Culturizing Material. On the Status, Responsibilities and Function of Cultural Property Repositories within the Framework of a "Transformative Scholarship" (2014)

Certain theoretical streams in the cultural and social sciences that are occasionally subsumed under the term "New Materialism"(see Witzgall), as well as recent social, political, cultural and media technology developments require a theoretical and research-political repositioning of academic object repositories. For it is obvious that under the influence of these multi-layered, partly interwoven processes, the status, responsibilities, as well as the function and spheres of activity of these object or cultural property repositories with research commitment (on the term see section 2 below) are currently undergoing long-lasting change.For the respective institutions, these changes not only result in complex challenges regarding contents and structure, but also present extraordinary opportunities for the fulfillment of their academic, social and political responsibilities.The appropriate handling of these challenges and opportunities can substantially contribute to the sharpening of the academic and social profile of these institutions and increase their visibility on both a national and international level.
Expanding the panel of MEFV mutations for routine testing of patients with a clinical diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever. (2011)

This study suggests that testing for the additional five mutations as well as the five main mutations in patients with a clinical presentation of FMF adds significantly to the molecular diagnosis of FMF in the Israeli population.
Completion Techniques Used in Horizontal Wells Drilled in Shallow Gas Sands in the Gulf of Mexico (1992)

Abstract Texaco has completed three horizontal wells in shallow gas sands in the Gulf of Mexico. The producing sands in all these wells have relatively high permeabilities and are unconsolidated. This paper discusses the process used to select the completion hardware, drilling fluids, and completion fluids for these wells. In addition, the completion procedure will be discussed in some detail to illustrate the most significant aspects of the completion process. Finally, production histories of the three wells will be presented to highlight the efficiency of the completion system used in these wells.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Structure of (6)(9,10) Anthracenophane and Its Peri‐Substituted Derivatives: The Smallest 9, 10‐Bridged Anthracenes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Catharanthine via Radical‐Mediated Indole Formation. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
JumpReLU: A Retrofit Defense Strategy for Adversarial Attacks (2020)

It has been demonstrated that very simple attacks can fool highly-sophisticated neural network architectures. In particular, so-called adversarial examples, constructed from perturbations of input data that are small or imperceptible to humans but lead to different predictions, may lead to an enormous risk in certain critical applications. In light of this, there has been a great deal of work on developing adversarial training strategies to improve model robustness. These training strategies are very expensive, in both human and computational time. To complement these approaches, we propose a very simple and inexpensive strategy which can be used to ``retrofit'' a previously-trained network to improve its resilience to adversarial attacks. More concretely, we propose a new activation function---the JumpReLU---which, when used in place of a ReLU in an already-trained model, leads to a trade-off between predictive accuracy and robustness. This trade-off is controlled by the jump size, a hyper-parameter which can be tuned during the validation stage. Our empirical results demonstrate that this increases model robustness, protecting against adversarial attacks with substantially increased levels of perturbations. This is accomplished simply by retrofitting existing networks with our JumpReLU activation function, without the need for retraining the model. Additionally, we demonstrate that adversarially trained (robust) models can greatly benefit from retrofitting.
ExPO: a Discovery-class apodized square aperture (ASA) extrasolar planet observatory (2003)

The Extrasolar Planet Observatory (ExPO) is envisioned as a Discovery-class space telescope for the direct detection and characterization of extra-solar planets. ExPO would also demonstrate the feasibility of a number of technologies which could be critical to the ultimate success of the Terrestrial Planet Finder mission. ExPO would detect a wide range of planet types in the visible and near IR, and do spectrophotometry and spectroscopy on many of the detected objects. The apoodized square aperture coronagraphic space telescope is designed to resolve faint companions near much brighter point-like sources by achieving very high dynamic range imaging at separations as small as 0.1 arcsec.
Parallel Computation of a Maximum-Likelihood Estimator of a Physical Map (2001)

Reconstructing a physical map of a chromosome from a genomic library presents a central computational problem in genetics. Physical map reconstruction in the presence of errors is a problem of high computational complexity that provides the motivation for parallel computing. Parallelization strategies for a maximum-likelihood estimation-based approach to physical map reconstruction are presented. The estimation procedure entails a gradient descent search for determining the optimal spacings between probes for a given probe ordering. The optimal probe ordering is determined using a stochastic optimization algorithm such as simulated annealing or microcanonical annealing. A two-level parallelization strategy is proposed wherein the gradient descent search is parallelized at the lower level and the stochastic optimization algorithm is simultaneously parallelized at the higher level. Implementation and experimental results on a distributed-memory multiprocessor cluster running the parallel virtual machine (PVM) environment are presented using simulated and real hybridization data.
Markers of Neuroinflammation in the Serum of Prepubertal Childrenwith Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (2021)

The present investigation shows an imbalance in the peripheral neuroimmune pathways that could be used in children as early biomarkers of the deficits observed in FASD.
The Power of Evil Choices in Bloom Filters (2015)

A Bloom filter is a probabilistic hash-based data structure extensively used in software including online security applications. This paper raises the following important question: Are Bloom filters correctly designed in a security context? The answer is no and the reasons are multiple: bad choices of parameters, lack of adversary models and misused hash functions. Indeed, developers truncate cryptographic digests without a second thought on the security implications. This work constructs adversary models for Bloom filters and illustrates attacks on three applications, namely SCRAPY web spider, BITLY DABLOOMS spam filter and SQUID cache proxy. As a general impact, filters are forced to systematically exhibit worst-case behavior. One of the reasons being that Bloom filter parameters are always computed in the average case. We compute the worst-case parameters in adversarial settings, show how to securely and efficiently use cryptographic hash functions and propose several other countermeasures to mitigate our attacks.
A prospective randomized trial of thalidomide with topotecan compared with topotecan alone in women with recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma (2007)

The addition of thalidomide to topotecan for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer appears to improve response rates, and the authors believe that it warrants study through larger phase 3 trials.
Interaction Between the MEC1-Dependent DNA Synthesis Checkpoint and G1 Cyclin Function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)

The completion of DNA synthesis in yeast is monitored by a checkpoint that requires MEC1 and RAD53. Here we show that deletion of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae G1 cyclins CLN1 and CLN2 suppressed the essential requirement for MEC1 function. Wild-type levels of CLN1 and CLN2, or overexpression of CLN1, CLN2, or CLB5, but not CLN3, killed mec1 strains. We identified RNR1, which encodes a subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, as a high-copy suppressor of the lethality of mec1 GAL1-CLN1. Northern analysis demonstrated that RNR1 expression is reduced by CLN1 or CLN2 overexpression. Because limiting RNR1 expression would be expected to decrease dNTP pools, CLN1 and CLN2 may cause lethality in mec1 strains by causing initiation of DNA replication with inadequate dNTPs. In contrast to mec1 mutants, MEC1 strains with low dNTPs would be able to delay S phase and thereby remain viable. We propose that the essential function for MEC1 may be the same as its checkpoint function during hydroxyurea treatment, namely, to slow S phase when nucleotides are limiting. In a cln1 cln2 background, a prolonged period of expression of genes turned on at the G1-S border, such as RNR1, has been observed. Thus deletion of CLN1 and CLN2 could function similarly to overexpression of RNR1 in suppressing mec1 lethality.
Epoxidation and thermal study of vegetable oils in a calorimetric reactor (2018)

In this work both calorimetric study as well as epoxidation reaction have been carried out using : soybean oil, sunflower oil and rapesedd oil. The main objective of this work is analyze the different behaviour of these oils and compare the results.
Role of miR-128 in hypertension-induced myocardial injury (2017)

The present study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of micro RNA (miR)-128 in hypertension-induced myocardial injury. The peripheral blood of patients with hypertension was collected and the expression of miR-128 was detected using fluorescence reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Primary myocardial cells isolated from rat <i>in vitro</i> were cultured under conditions of hypoxia and glucose deprivation, and miR-128 expression was measured by RT-qPCR. The expression of c-Met protein was measured using western blot analysis and the apoptosis of transfected cells was measured by flow cytometry in rat myocardial cells following transfection with miR-128 mimics or c-Met siRNA. A luciferase assay was applied to assess the binding of miR-128 to c-Met mRNA. miR-128 expression was significantly higher in hypertension patients compared with controls (P<0.05). miR-128 expression was higher in patients with stage III/IV hypertension compared with patients with stage II hypertension. Similarly, miR-128 expression in primary cardiomyocytes cultured under deprivation of oxygen and glucose increased with the culture time and reached a peak at 12 h. c-Met expression decreased significantly (P<0.05) and the ratio of apoptotic cells increased significantly (P<0.05), following transfection of miR-128 mimics. The number of apoptotic cells also increased when c-Met expression was knocked down by siRNA. The dual luciferase assay indicated that fluorescence intensity decreased significantly in miR-128 mimics and wild type c-Met group (P<0.05), indicating that miR-128 can directly target c-Met. Therefore, the results of the current study suggest that miR-128 may promote myocardial cell injury by regulating c-Met expression.
Integrating Parameter Estimation Solutions From the Time and Time-Scale Domains (2009)

A method of parameter estimation was recently introduced that separately estimates each parameter of the dynamic model [1]. In this method, regions coined as parameter signatures, are identified in the time-scale domain wherein the prediction error can be attributed to the error of a single model parameter. Based on these single-parameter associations, individual model parameters can then be estimated for iterative estimation. Relative to nonlinear least squares, the proposed Parameter Signature Isolation Method (PARSIM) has two distinct attributes. One attribute of PARSIM is to leave the estimation of a parameter dormant when a parameter signature cannot be extracted for it. Another attribute is independence from the contour of the prediction error. The first attribute could cause erroneous parameter estimates, when the parameters are not adapted continually. The second attribute, on the other hand, can provide a safeguard against local minima entrapments. These attributes motivate integrating PARSIM with a method, like nonlinear least-squares, that is less prone to dormancy of parameter estimates. The paper demonstrates the merit of the proposed integrated approach in application to a difficult estimation problem.
Personalized Postprandial Glucose Response–Targeting Diet Versus Mediterranean Diet for Glycemic Control in Prediabetes (2021)

&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVE&lt;/b&gt; To compare the clinical effects of a Personalized Postprandial-Targeting (PPT) diet vs a Mediterranean (MED) diet, on glycemic control and metabolic health in prediabetes. &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS &lt;/b&gt;We randomly assigned adults with prediabetes (n=225) to follow a MED diet or a PPT diet for a 6-month dietary intervention and additional 6-month follow-up. The PPT diet relies on a machine-learning algorithm that integrates clinical and microbiome features to predict personal postprandial-glucose-responses (PPGR). During the intervention, all participants were connected to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and self-reported dietary intake using a smartphone application.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS &lt;/b&gt;Among 225 participants randomized (58.7% women; mean±SD age, 50±7 years; BMI, 31.3±5.8 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; HbA1c, 5.9±0.2% (41±2.4 mmol/mol); fasting plasma glucose 114±12mg/dl [6.33±0.67 mmol/L]), 200 (89%) completed the 6-month intervention. A total of 177 participants additionally contributed 12-month follow-up data. Both interventions reduced the daily time with glucose levels above 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/L) and HbA1c levels, but reductions were significantly greater in PPT compared to MED. The mean 6-month change in ‘time above 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/L)’ was -0.3±0.8 hour/day and -1.3±1.5 hour/day for MED and PPT, respectively (95% CI between-group difference, -1.29 to -0.66; p&lt;0.001). The mean 6-month change in HbA1c was -0.08±0.19% (-0.9±2.1 mmol/mol) and -0.16±0.24% (-1.7±2.6 mmol/mol) for MED and PPT, respectively (95% CI between-group difference, -0.14 to -0.02; p=0.007). The significant between-group differences maintained at 12-month follow-up. No significant differences were noted between the groups in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, CGM-measured). &lt;/p&gt; &lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS &lt;/b&gt;In this clinical trial in prediabetes,&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;a PPT diet improved glycemic control significantly more than a MED diet as measured by daily time of glucose levels above 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/L) and HbA1c. These findings may have implications to dietary advice in clinical practice.
Properties of boron carbide nanotubes: Density-functional-based tight-binding calculations (2003)

The existence of stable layered bulk allotropes can be an indication for the existence of corresponding stable tubular structures. Using a density functional tight binding method we demonstrate that charged borocarbide (BC) nanotubes, which are isoelectronic with layered lithium or copper borocarbide, are stable and energetically viable. The discussed structures are semiconducting with an energy gap which decreases with diameter. The size of the gap also depends on the helicity of the tubes, and is always smaller for tubes with armchair $(n,n)$ and zig-zag $(3n,0)$ symmetry than for tubes with other symmetries. Hole doping and its effects on the electronic structure of ${\mathrm{BC}}^{(\ensuremath{-})}$ layers and tubes is also discussed.
Dual frequency band integrated antenna array (2013)

Frequently, the antennas of collocated Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR) and Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) are situated separately with a common rotational axis. That is not too advantageous in modern individual secondary radar systems, where large vertical apertures (LVA) antennas, quite comparable with the vertical aperture of the PSR antenna are more popular due to their higher gain and lower earth reflection induced problems. A design of new integrated antenna arrays of 3-D PSR and MSSR with no compromise regarding the antenna parameters is presented.
Thienyl and thenyl alkyl disulfides: monomers and polymers (1998)

Thienyl and thenyl alkyl disulfides are synthesized by reaction between a mercaptan and dialkylazodicarboxylate; the addition of a second mercaptan gives the unsymmetrical disulfide. The cyclic disulfide, dithieno[3,2-c:2',3'-e] [1,2] dithiin is obtained from the 2,2'-dibromobithiophene. These thiophene derivatives including a second redox system are potential precursors for polymers. Chemical polymerization affords new materials.
Polymers in contact with the body. (1975)

The clinical use of polymeric materials in the body to repair and restore damaged or diseased tissues and organs is substantially increasing on an annual basis. Concomitant with this use is an increase in materials related research on medically used polymers. Information on the historical and current clinical use of polymeric materials is provided in order to establish a basis for the philosophy and problems encountered in assessing the acceptability of various polymers in the biological system. The requisite properties which must be demonstrated by a polymer in contact with the body are discussed from two viewpoints, i.e., the effects of the material on the stability of the host and the effects of the host on the stability of the material. In addition, the effects of synthesis, processing, storage, sterilization, implantation, and possible degradation of polymers are discussed, poly(ethylene terephthalate) being used as an example.