gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of pre-emergent herbicides on germination and early growth of broadleaved species used for direct seeding (2003)

Weed control is essential for successful new woodland creation by direct seeding, particularly in the first year after germination. Currently, herbicides probably offer the most practical way of achieving this in UK conditions, although successful direct seeding offers the potential for reductions in total overall herbicide use compared with conventional establishment using transplants. There is a need to identify post‐sowing pre‐emergence herbicides that might control emerging weed seedlings without significantly affecting tree seedling germination and growth. Seed of ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ), cherry ( Prunus avium ), oak ( Quercus robur ), sycamore ( Acer pseudoplatanus ), rowan ( Sorbus aucuparia ), chestnut ( Castanea sativa ), beech ( Fagus sylvatica ), Norway maple ( Acer platanoides ), field maple ( Acer campestre ), birch ( Betula pendula ), hazel ( Corylus avellana ), dogwood ( Cornus sanguinea ), hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna ) and crab‐apple ( Malus sylvestris ) were sown in pots in glasshouses and treated with post‐sowing pre‐emergence herbicides including diflufenican, isoxaben, lenacil, metamitron, metazachlor, napropamide, pendimethalin, propyzamide and simazine. Pendimethalin and napropamide, separately or in mixture, appeared to have potential for use on most species tested, in particular ash and sycamore. Applications to emerging seedlings were more damaging. Field trials are required to confirm these initial indications of tolerance.
Headspace Evaluation of Methanethiol and Dimethyl Trisulfide in Aqueous Solutions of Soy‐protein Isolates (2000)

ABSTRACT Volatile compounds from 2 samples of aqueous soy‐protein isolates (SPI) (7%) were analyzed using both static and dynamic headspace methods. Based on dynamic headspace analyses, the most powerful odorants were (1) dimethyl trisulfide, (2) methanethiol, (3) hexanal, (4) an unidentified charred, sweaty feet‐like odor, (5) 2‐pentyl furan, (6) 2,3‐butadione, and (7) an unknown burnt‐like odor. The most powerful odorants by static headspace analyses were (1) dimethyl trisulfide, (2) hexanal, (3) methanethiol, and (4) 2‐pentyl furan. Using deuterium labeled DMTS as an internal standard, DMTS was quantified at 60.1 and 45.5 ppb in the SPIs. This corresponds to odor values of 6014 and 4554, respectively. Using a cool, on‐column technique, direct injection of concentrated‐headspace volatiles and solvent‐recovered volatiles with an internal standard of d 6 ‐DMTS detected both methanethiol and DMTS at similar levels as with the traditional injection methods.
In vitro antifungal activity of some Mannich bases of conjugated styryl ketones (1998)

Four Mannich bases of some conjugated styryl ketones IIa-IId were examined for antifungal activity. These compounds were designed as thiol-alkylators and had two centers for attack by cellular thiols. The most potent compounds IIa and IIb possessed hydrophobic, electron-attracting substituents in the aryl rings and in general had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.2-25 μM against a variety of fungi. None of the four compounds inhibited the growth of a number of bacteria (MIC > 100 μM). The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values for IIa and IIb were generally either similar or twofold higher than the MIC figures for fungi. Compound IIa demonstrated rapid, concentration-dependent inhibition of the growth of Candida albicans B311. The toxicity of IIa to normal human cells was much lower than the concentrations of this compound required to inhibit fungal growth. In summary, this study of four prototypic molecules has revealed that this class of compounds may have potential for further development as candidate antifungal agents.Key words: antifungal, styryl ketones, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, susceptibility test.
$V_{\rm th}$ Shift in Single-Layer Graphene Field-Effect Transistors and Its Correlation With Raman Inspection (2012)

Raman measurement is carried out to understand <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm th}$</tex></formula> shift in single-layer graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs). The G (2D) peak shift in Raman spectra is correlated to the corresponding <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta V_{\rm th}$</tex></formula> during stress and recovery phases. A blue (red) shift of G and 2D peaks is seen during stress (recovery) phase, indicating the corresponding trapping (detrapping) effects in the graphene device. It is interesting to note that, after forming gas annealing <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$(\hbox{H}_{2}/\hbox{Ar})$</tex></formula> , the defects can be generated in graphene (evidenced by D peak of Raman spectra), leading to the increased <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta V_{\rm th}$</tex></formula> for both negative bias temperature instability and positive bias temperature instability in single-layer GFETs.
Special Issue on Computational Polymer Science. I. Computer-Aided Molecular Design of Three-Dimensionally High-Modulus Novel Polymer Materials Derived from Conventional Rigid-Rod Polymer Chains: the Structure Which Mechanically Overcomes Diamond? (1994)

どの方向にも剛い新規高分子材料を設計開発することを目的とし, 既存のポリ-p-フェニレンベンゾビスオキサゾール, ポリ-p-フェニレンピロメリトイミド, ポリ-p-フェニレン, ポリアセチレンなど剛直高分子鎖に3次元架橋を施した結晶構造モデルを電子計算機で構築し, 3次元弾性定数を計算した. その結果, 場合によってはダイヤモンドの2倍近くにも及ぶ高いヤング率を全方位的に示す構造が見いだされた.
Multi-component cord blood banking: a proof-of-concept international exercise. (2023)

The MultiCord12 protocol was a useful tool to develop preliminary standardization of CB-PC, CB-PPP, and CB-LR-RBC.
Liquid sensor based on optical surface plasmon resonance in a dielectric waveguide (2018)

In this work, we have demonstrated an optical surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor head that is based on an inverted rib dielectric waveguide, in which the resonance wavelength of the surface plasmon excited at the gold metal-dielectric interface changes in relation to changes of the environment at the top metal surface. The inverted-rib waveguide of the SPR sensor head is made of a layer of SU-8 polymer with a refractive index of 1.5 while the lower cladding layer consists of silicon oxynitride (SiO<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub>) with a refractive index of 1.526. The top surface is coated with a 50 nm thick layer of gold. The SPR sensor head was designed to allow monitoring of analyte media with a refractive index ranging from 1.44 to the 1.502. Using a set of reference liquids representing the analyte medium, the sensitivity of the SPR sensor was measured using a broadband light source and a optical spectrum analyzer. It was found that with a liquid of 1.442 refractive index in contact with the gold metal, a sharp resonance dip in the transmission spectrum occurred at 1525 nm and its position shifted to 1537 nm when a liquid of 1.502 was used. From these measurements, the sensitivity of the sensor devices wasdetermined to be S = 232 nm.RIU<sup>-1</sup>. We demonstrate that this device can potentially be totally integrated with a wavelength tunable light source, a photodetection unit as well as a liquid delivery system via microfluidic channels making it an extremely compact unit.
Toxicity, Penetration, and Metabolism of Acephate in Three Fruit Fly Species (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1989)

Journal Article Toxicity, Penetration, and Metabolism of Acephate in Three Fruit Fly Species (Diptera: Tephritidae) Get access John D. Stark, John D. Stark 1 Department of Entomology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 1Current address: Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kapaa, Hawaii 96746. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martin Sherman Martin Sherman Department of Entomology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 82, Issue 6, 1 December 1989, Pages 1564–1571, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/82.6.1564 Published: 01 December 1989 Article history Received: 31 October 1988 Accepted: 21 March 1989 Published: 01 December 1989
An approach to the acquisition of a world frame using a visual associative memory (2002)

An approach to the autonomous acquisition of world knowledge is presented. Based on the theory that biological cognizance is essentially a Gestalt awareness of the world, our research attempts to develop a similar awareness using an associative memory. This associative memory receives inputs from several self-organizing feature maps which identify objects in particular parts of an image. Spatial relationships of objects in the image are reflected in the relationship of the feature maps to each other, so the associative memory records both identity and spatial information of objects. To this visual memory is added the memory of the viewer's internal status, in this case an estimate of position. Together, these associative memories provide a view-field model of location awareness similar to that originally presented by D. Zipser (1986). In keeping with the Gestalt approach taken here, the grandmother cell approach of the earlier work has been replaced by the use of distributed representations. View-fields are identified as a pattern of activity across a number of nodes. It is believed that this distributed approach will permit greater generalization on the part of the viewer and provide a larger memory capacity than can be achieved otherwise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bioengineering of a TAT-conjugated Peptide to Modulate the Activity of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Adult and Embryonic Stem Cells (2011)

The intracellular delivery of molecules to modulate signaling pathways and gene expression is a powerful approach to control stem cell fate decision. For applications in gene therapy and regenerative medicine, the use of genetic material and viral vectors raise concerns because stem cells persist throughout life, and long-term effects of uncontrolled genetic modifications could affect the cellular progeny. An alternative is to deliver directly peptides or proteins using cell-permeable peptides (CPPs) which have the ability of crossing the plasma membrane and carrying cargos into cells. CPPs can therefore be used to deliver factors to direct stem cells proliferation, survival and differentiation. This thesis describes an approach to control stem cell fate based on the delivery of a CPP-conjugated bioactive peptide. A first significant contribution from this work is the development of a flow cytometric assay to accurately quantify the uptake of a panel of CPPs. This study revealed that HIV-transactivator of transcription (TAT) and Antennapedia (Antp) offered the highest level of translocation in different cell types. The uptake was improved by treating the cells with a single, low-voltage electrical pulse that selectively enhances the amount of TAT-conjugated peptides and proteins delivered by at least an order of magnitude, without causing cellular toxicity or apoptosis. Subsequently, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to examine the intracellular fate of TAT-conjugated peptides in order to define the parameters that limit their bioactivity and point to specific sequence modifications that can improve their efficacy. The advances described in this thesis were applied to the development of TAT-eIF2B, a peptide-inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). TAT-eIF2B was found to be specific for GSK-3 and had a significant positive effect on the formation of neurospheres in embryonic stem cell cultures and on the survival of myeloid progenitors in cytokine-starved fetal liver cell cultures. On the other hand, GSK-3 inhibition reduced the number of neurospheres generated by human olfactory neuroepithelium cells due to lower proliferation and increased neuronal differentiation. In summary, this work describes the development of a peptide-based technology to deliver bioactive cargoes in cells, and it demonstrates its utility for modulating the activity of a master regulator of stem cell fate decision.
Tight-adherence genes of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are required for virulence in a rat model (2003)

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that has been associated with localized aggressive periodontitis and infections of the heart, brain, and urinary tract. Wild-type clinical isolates have the remarkable ability to adhere tenaciously and nonspecifically to solid surfaces such as glass, plastic, and hydroxyapatite. Adherence by A. actinomycetemcomitans is mediated by the tight-adherence (tad) gene locus, which consists of 14 genes (flp-1-flp-2-tadV-rcpCAB-tadZABCDEFG). All but 2 of the genes have been shown to be required for the secretion and assembly of long, bundled Flp1 fibrils. To test whether the tad locus is required for colonization and disease, we developed a rat model for periodontal disease. To mimic the natural route of infection, Sprague-Dawley rats were inoculated orally by adding bacteria directly to their food for 8 days. After inoculation with wild-type or mutant strains defective in adherence (flp-1 and tadA), the rats were assessed for colonization of the oral cavity and pathogenesis. Wild-type A. actinomycetemcomitans was able to colonize and persist for at least 12 weeks in the oral cavity, elicit a humoral immune response, and cause significant bone loss in rats. In contrast, rats fed flp-1 or tadA mutant strains showed no bone loss and their immune responses were indistinguishable from those of the uninoculated controls. These results demonstrate the critical importance of the tad locus in the colonization and pathogenesis of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Applications of Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Ruminants (2020)

The importance of quantifying ruminal microbial crude protein synthesis has promoted the development and comparison of several different methods for precise determination of both the amount and rate of synthesis. One major challenge is in estimating and differentiating protein in the rumen between microbial, dietary, and endogenous fractions, and to correctly isolate the solid and liquid microbial fraction of the rumen contents. This is further complicated by the goal of using non-invasive methods as much as is feasible, such as avoiding the use of fistulated animals; the selection of an appropriate microbial marker, specifically one that behaves similarly in the solid-associated and liquid-associated microbial fractions. It is also vital to be able to accurately estimate the contribution of microbial protein to overall nitrogen used by the animal, which can be accomplished by the use of 15N labeled, as assimilated by ruminal bacteria, and by the quantification of labeled nitrogen via mass spectrometry (15N/14N). This review focuses on challenges regarding accurate quantification of microbial crude protein synthesis in the rumen, as well as providing the methodology for quantification using the 15N marker. This review is based on the collection of scientific papers from the main research groups in feed and animal nutrition in ruminants.
Searching for the Optimal Resuscitation Method: Recommendations for the Initial Fluid Resuscitation of Combat Casualties (2003)

Resuscitation can exacerbate cellular injury caused by hemorrhagic shock, and the type of fluid used for resuscitation may play an important role in this injury. Unlike some factors in the treatment of combat casualty, the method of resuscitation is under our control. The prevention of cellular injury through wiser resuscitation strategies would be more advantageous than attempting complex immunomodulation after the damage has already occurred. This article summarizes data from a number of studies to illustrate the differential effects of commonly used resuscitation fluids on cellular injury. Our findings show that resuscitation with hypotonic/isotonic crystalloids, including lactated Ringer's (LR) solution, and artificial colloid solutions, elicit severe immune activation and an up-regulation of cellular injury markers. This effect is not seen with plasma, natural colloids (albumin), and fresh whole blood. Hypertonic fluids cause suppression of neutrophil activation and a milder increase in the expression of cell injury markers compared with isotonic fluids. The effect of various resuscitation fluids on core cellular functions such as gene regulation is also summarized in this article. Finally, because of the uniqueness of combat care, a set of new recommendations for initial fluid resuscitation of combat casualties is proposed.
A new thin-film electroluminescent material—ZnF2 : Mn (1979)

Both ac and dc orange (580 nm) electroluminescence (EL) are reported for thin films of ZnF2 : Mn sandwiched between SiO semi-insulating films. All layers are formed by vacuum evaporation and no postdeposition annealing is required. Unique power input and efficiency-vs-frequency characteristics are observed, in part due to the 0.1-s lifetime of excited Mn in ZnF2; hysteresis in the brightness-voltage characteristic occurs. The brightness and power efficiency are found to be, respectively, 10 f L and 0.5% under suitable operating conditions.
La cultura política de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Sociología de la Universidad Veracruzana (2016)

En este trabajo se parte de una preocupacion general sobre la relacion existente entre la cultura politica y el sistema politico.
Monte Carlo simulations of plasma-deposited amorphous silicon (1988)

Estimates of the effective deposition probability for plasma-deposited amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films were obtained from computer simulations using a Monte Carlo technique. Randomized scattering events are tracked to simulate the deposition of a-Si:H along etched trenches under a metallic shadow mask. The resulting film thickness profiles are consistent with scanning electron micrographs obtained from step coverage experiments. Device quality materials tend to have effective deposition probabilities lower than 0.01 and are associated with CVD-like deposition involving SiH3 radicals. Defective materials are found to have deposition probabilities near unity and are associated with a PVD-like process involving SiH and SiH2 radicals.
hENT1 Testing in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Are We Ready? A Multimodal Evaluation of hENT1 Status (2019)

Gemcitabine is still one of the standard chemotherapy regimens for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Gemcitabine uptake into tumor cells is mainly through the human equilibrative nucleoside transport 1 (hENT1). It was therefore proposed as a potential predictive biomarker of gemcitabine efficacy but reports are conflicting, with an important heterogeneity in methods to assess hENT1 expression. A multicenter cohort of 471 patients with a resected PDAC was used to assess simultaneously the predictive value of the 2 best described hENT1 antibodies (10D7G2 and SP120). Three additional antibodies and the predictive value of hENT1 mRNA were also tested on 251 and 302 patients, respectively. hENT1 expression was assessed in 54 patients with matched primary tumors and metastases samples. The 10D7G2 clone was the only hENT1 antibody whose high expression was associated with a prolonged progression free survival and overall survival in patients who received adjuvant gemcitabine. hENT1 mRNA level was also predictive of gemcitabine benefit. hENT1 status was concordant in 83% of the cases with the best concordance in synchronous metastases. The 10D7G2 clone has the best predictive value of gemcitabine benefit in PDAC patients. Since it is not commercially available, hENT1 mRNA level could represent an alternative to assess hENT1 status.
Cytostatic Activity of Coumarinsin vitro (1987)

The effects of coumarin fractions obtained from angelica fruits (Archangelica officinalis Hoffm.) und parsnip fruits [Pastinaca sativa L. (Apiaceae)] on the growth of cancer cells HeLa-S 3 cultured in the dark were studied. It was concluded that coumarin fractions in the concentration above 5 µg/ml inhibited the growth of culture. The angelica coumarin fraction had a stronger effect on the growth cells than the parsnip coumarin fraction. Ten various coumarins, from which eight were isolated from fractions, showed the effect on the growth and colony forming ability of HeLa cells. The proliferation inhibition of HeLa cells by these coumarins is as follows: osthol > xanthotoxol > 4-methylaesculetin > isopimpinellin > bergapten > xanthotoxin > imperatorin > coumarin > umbelliferone > 4-hydroxycoumarin.
Private Sector's Potential to Deliver Sexual Reproductive Health: We need the private sector to increase access to contraception and safe abortion (2022)

The private sector plays a critical role in supporting women and men’s access to contraception and safe abortion products, services, and technology. Working complementarily—not in competition with—the public sector, the private sector offers value-add to local health systems by reaching young people who may prefer the convenience and ease of accessing care through pharmacies and drug shops. Through registration, distribution, marketing, and education around reproductive health products, the private sector shapes and drives the marketplace for use and expands access. We propose that additional resources and attention should be directed to the private sector to accelerate progress made advancing health outcomes and to further unleash the private sector’s potential to help young people and couples in making reproductive choices. A commitment from key opinion leaders to develop a robust private sector is an investment in infrastructure that supports positive and sustainable health outcomes
Steam Gasification of Cellulose with Cobalt Catalysts in a Fluidized Bed Reactor (2007)

The catalytic performance of Co/MgO catalysts for the treatment of tar derived from cellulose steam gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier of 22 mm i.d. and 500 mm height was investigated by means of two different methods: hot gas cleaning in a fixed bed reactor after the fluidized bed gasifier (secondary method) and treatment inside the gasifier with catalyst as a fluidizing medium (primary method). For steam gasification without catalyst, the tar produced in the gasifier was about 12 wt % of the fed cellulose. The main components of tar were cellotriosan, cellobiosan, and levoglucosan. In the secondary method with 12 wt % Co/MgO catalyst, the tar in effluent gases from the fixed bed reactor were considerably less at 873 K: tar conversion was greater than 80%. The amounts of produced H2 and CO2 increased; however, the amount of CO remained almost at its level without catalyst. In addition, the amount of produced gases remained almost constant during the 100 min of reaction time at 873 K. Therefore, results suggest that steam reforming of tar derived from cellulose gasification proceeds sufficiently with 12 wt % Co/MgO catalyst at 873 K. The primary method showed that tar conversion increases with the Co loading amount. The 36 wt % Co/MgO catalyst showed 84% tar conversion. High carbon conversion to gas (67%) was also attained in the case of the 36 wt % Co/MgO catalyst. The amount of produced gas remained for 2 h. Results showed that the developed Co catalyst has a great potential for tar treatment in both the primary and secondary methods.