gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Replication ofMycobacterium Tuberculosisin Retinal Pigment Epithelium (2014)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is phagocytized by RPE to a similar extent as in macrophages. However, RPE cells are better able to control bacillary growth and RPE cell survival is greater than that of THP-1 cells following mycobacterial infection, suggesting that RPE can serve as a reservoir for intraocular M tuberculosis infection.
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) in patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer: Identification of molecular alterations and analysis of associations with treatment on phase I studies at MD Anderson Cancer Center. (2013)

1051 Background: Matching molecular alterations in patients with breast cancer to targeted therapy may increase response rates. Methods: We analyzed 22 sequential breast cancer patients with next generation sequencing (NGS) profiling of their tumors profiling (FoundationOne) treated on Phase I trials at the Clinical Center for Targeted Therapy at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Objectives included: (1) characterize molecular alterations including mutations, amplifications and deletions, (2) evaluate associations between molecular alterations and response to therapy. Results: Twenty-two breast cancer patients, all female with median age 56 years were included. Twenty-one of 22 of patients (95%) analyzed demonstrated at least one molecular alteration. Twenty-one of 22 patients were evaluable for response to therapy (1 patient had not yet reached restaging). Sixteen patients were treated on Phase I trials with targeted therapy that was either directly or indirectly associated with a molecular alteration. Seven of these 16 patients (44%) achieved stable disease (SD) ≥6 months/partial response (PR)/complete response (CR) including 3 patients with PR and 1 patient with CR. Examples of molecular alterations include: mutations in PIK3CA (8 patients), PIK3R1 (2 patients), PTEN (1 patient), cMET (1 patient), NF1 (one patient); amplifications in CCND1 (8 patients), FGFR1 (4 patients), MYC (3 patients), MCL1 (3 patients), IRS2 (2 patients) and CCNE1(1 patient). Conclusions: A majority of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumors underwent NGS profiling demonstrated molecular alterations. Of the 9 patients who had either SD≥6 months/PR/CR on Phase I treatment, 7 (78%) had molecular alterations, either directly or indirectly associated with therapy. Further investigation of larger cohorts of patients with NGS is ongoing.
Abstract LB-B05: MM-151 overcomes acquired resistance to cetuximab and panitumumab in colorectal cancer cells harboring EGFR extracellular domain mutations (2015)

Abstract Cetuximab and panitumumab are monoclonal anti-EGFR antibodies (moAbs) currently used for the treatment of ‘RAS’ wild type colorectal cancers (CRC). Development of acquired resistance almost invariably limits the efficacy of these agents. At relapse, about 20% of tumors treated with cetuximab and panitumumab carry EGFR extracellular domain (ECD) mutations (S492R, R451C, S464L, G465R, G465E, K467T, I491M), which impair antibody binding. We postulated that mCRC patients who become resistant to cetuximab or panitumumab due to the emergence of EGFR ECD mutations may still benefit from further line of treatment with EGFR blockade. We observed that the EGFR ECD variants are effectively targeted by the oligoclonal anti-EGFR antibody MM-151. MM-151 inhibits EGFR signaling and cell growth in preclinical models, including patient-derived cells carrying mutant EGFR. We have analyzed liquid biopsies of 11 CRC patients that developed resistance to previous treatment with cetuximab and were then enrolled in the first MM-151 phase I study. Longitudinal profiling of circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) samples collected during MM-151 treatment revealed a decrease of EGFR ECD mutant levels that paralleled the response as measured by radiological methods.In conclusion, we provide mechanistic evidence for the efficacy and use of MM-151 as a therapeutic opportunity for patients whose tumors develop EGFR ECD mutations as the prevalent mechanism of acquired resistance to cetuximab or panitumumab treatment. Citation Format: Sabrina Arena, Giulia Siravegna, Benedetta Mussolin, Jeffrey D. Kearns, Beni B. Wolf, Sandra Misale, Luca Lazzari, Andrea Bertotti, Livio Trusolino, Alex A. Adjei, Clara Montagut, Federica Di Nicolantonio, Rachel Nering, Alberto Bardelli. MM-151 overcomes acquired resistance to cetuximab and panitumumab in colorectal cancer cells harboring EGFR extracellular domain mutations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr LB-B05.
Potential of trispecies bridge crosses and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers for introgression of Medicago daghestanica and M. pironae germplasm into alfalfa (M. sativa) (1993)

This report describes the production and cytology of the first interspecific hybrids between cultivated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at the diploid level (2n = x = 16) and the diploid (2n = 2x = 16) perennial species M. daghestanica and M. pironae. An ovule-embryo culture technique was required to rescue hybrid embryos and all hybrids were diploid. Predominately bivalent chromosome pairing was observed at meiotic metaphase. All F1 hybrids were male and female sterile and no species backcross progeny could be produced. We discovered that trispecies hybrids could be efficiently recovered via crossing diploid F1 interspecific hybrids of M. sativa x M. rupestris with either M. daghestanica or M. pironae. Ovule-embryo culture was also required to recover these trispecies hybrids with recovery efficiency of trispecies hybrids about 10 times greater than for bispecies hybrids. Most chromosomes paired as bivalents in the trispecies hybrids. Importantly, progeny can be recovered from crossing the trispecies hybrids with M. sativa. Therefore, the M. sativa x M. rupestris hybrids provide a bridge cross to potential introgression of M. daghestanica or M. pironae germplasm. Analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in the trispecies hybrids indicates that RAPD markers offer considerable potential for assaying germplasm introgression following complex hybridization of the type reported here.
Towards Substantive Conceptions of Algorithmic Fairness: Normative Guidance from Equal Opportunity Doctrines (2022)

In this work we use Equal Oppportunity (EO) doctrines from political philosophy to make explicit the normative judgements embedded in different conceptions of algorithmic fairness. We contrast formal EO approaches that narrowly focus on fair contests at discrete decision points, with substantive EO doctrines that look at people's fair life chances more holistically over the course of a lifetime. We use this taxonomy to provide a moral interpretation of the impossibility results as the incompatibility between different conceptions of a fair contest -- foward-looking versus backward-looking -- when people do not have fair life chances. We use this result to motivate substantive conceptions of algorithmic fairness and outline two plausible procedures based on the luck-egalitarian doctrine of EO, and Rawls's principle of fair equality of opportunity.
Author's response: Hepatitis B virus seromarkers clearance and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: serious risks of misinterpretation (2014)

We would like to respond to Dr Pariente's letter, which addresses our recently reported results regarding the seroclearance of HBV seromarkers and subsequent risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).1 ,2 Unfortunately, his comments are based on serious misunderstandings of our findings.

First, he suggests that there may be underestimation of the protective roles of marker seroclearance, since incidence rates of HCC were measured from baseline, and that the duration of seromarkers’ positivity would be a better indicator of HCC risk. In order to truly measure the effect of HBV DNA and Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance on HCC incidence, we would need a large cohort of individuals followed up since birth for subsequent outcomes. However, this was not feasible in this study. Thus, left truncation that often occurs …
Functional brain activation during retrieval of visceral pain-conditioned passive avoidance in the rat (2011)

This study assessed functional brain activation in rats during expectation of visceral pain. Male rats were trained in step-down passive avoidance (PA) for 2 days. Upon stepping down from a platform, conditioned animals received noxious colorectal distension delivered through a colorectal balloon, whereas the balloon in control rats remained uninflated. On day 3, PA behavior was assessed while [(14)C]-iodoantipyrine was infused intravenously, followed by immediate euthanasia. Regional cerebral blood flow-related tissue radioactivity (rCBF) was analyzed by statistical parametric mapping using 3-dimensional brains reconstructed from autoradiographic brain slice images. Associated with retrieved PA behavior, conditioned rats compared with control subjects showed increases in rCBF in sensory (anterior insula, somatosensory cortex), limbic/paralimbic regions (anterior cingulate, prelimbic cortex, amygdala), all regions previously reported to show activation during acute visceral pain. Increases in rCBF were also noted in the dorsal hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and caudate putamen, regions associated with retrieval of PA. Organization of the underlying brain network was further delineated by functional connectivity analysis. This revealed in conditioned rats a strongly and positively connected corticostriatal cluster (cingulate, prelimbic cortex, caudate putamen). The amygdala and cerebellar hemispheres formed another positively connected cluster, which was negatively connected with the corticostriatal cluster, suggesting corticolimbic modulation. Prelimbic cortex, nucleus accumbens, and anterior insula emerged in conditioned animals as hubs. Our results show that during retrieval of PA, brain areas implicated in PA expression as well as those implicated in acute visceral pain processing were recruited, in line with findings from human brain imaging studies on pain expectation.
Thermal Activated Resin to Avoid Pressure Build-up in Casing-Casing Annulus (CCA) (2015)

Abstract Pressure build up between cemented casings — in drilling and production wells — has been a major challenge all around the world. The cause, in most cases, is a poor cement job that allows fluids to migrate through micro channels from the formation all the way to the surface. This problem has been solved by pumping or squeezing a polymeric based resin — with major bonding properties — that can be accurately designed for a specific setting or curing time, based on the application temperature. This resin is pumped through annular injection ports in the well head. Due to the resin's particle free characteristic, there is no restriction or plugging risk while pumping. Once the resin is pumped down the annuli into the micro channels, it will set or cure and isolate the pressure build up from the source, providing a safe working environment at the surface. Thermal activated resin is a new technology that has overcome a lot of traditional cementing problems. The resin acts as a fluid and can be designed on a wide range of weights and viscosities, and it can also be adjusted to react at a specific formation or ambient temperature. This paper presents case histories on field applications and lab tests to support the efficiency and liability of solving Casing- Casing Annulus pressure build-up scenarios in the Middle East.
Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some 2-N-(phthalimido)-1-alkyl esters. (1998)

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of new 2-N-(phthalimido)-1-alkyl esters are described. Esters were synthesized from aromatic and heterocyclic acids with appropriate bromoalkyl phthalimides in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-undec-7-ene or triethylamine. The obtained compounds were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. The display protection against MES and ScMet-induced seizures.
Profiling Phishing Email Based on Clustering Approach (2013)

In this paper, an approach for profiling email-born phishing activities is proposed. Profiling phishing activities are useful in determining the activity of an individual or a particular group of phishers. By generating profiles, phishing activities can be well understood and observed. Typically, work in the area of phishing is intended at detection of phishing emails, whereas we concentrate on profiling the phishing email. We formulate the profiling problem as a clustering problem using the various features in the phishing emails as feature vectors. Further, we generate profiles based on clustering predictions. These predictions are further utilized to generate complete profiles of these emails. The performance of the clustering algorithms at the earlier stage is crucial for the effectiveness of this model. We carried out an experimental evaluation to determine the performance of many classification algorithms by incorporating clustering approach in our model. Our proposed profiling email-born phishing algorithm (ProEP) demonstrates promising results with the RatioSize rules for selecting the optimal number of clusters.
Anti-firming Efficiency of Food Emulsifiers on Rice Starch Gel. (2002)

The effects of emulsifiers on starch retrogradation and/or firming were investigated by kinetic treatment of static viscoelastic parameters for non-glutinous rice starch gels (30%). The anti-firming ability of the sucrose mono ester of various fatty acids (C8 through C18) increased with increasing fatty acid chain length, and possessed maximal efficiency at palmitate (C 16) ester. However, the ability of food grade emulsifiers consisting of a mixture of stearate and palmitate (70: 30) and having various hydrophilic residues was not proportionally affected to an amylose complexing ability, but strongly influenced by hydrophlle-lipophile balance (HLB) values. Among sucrose esters having varied HLB values, the best anti-firming ability was obtained when HLB value was 11. These results suggest that the anti-firming efficiency of emulsifiers on starch gels might be attributed to the multiple effects between the amylose or amylopectin forming complexes with the lipophilic portion (fatty acid), and the hydration of the hydrophilic portion with water molecules in the starchwater systems.
Individual cell voltage equalizers (ICE) for reliable battery performance (2002)

The individual cell voltage equalizer (ICE) is a two-terminal voltage-controlled current shunt. The ICE unit is connected to the positive and negative terminals of each cell in a battery string. ICE provides each cell with an alternate current path for string float current. Using ICE makes it possible to check battery cells by using a simple digital voltmeter, when cell voltages deviate by more than +or-0.05 V per cell and capacity testing or replacement is required. ICE was designed to monitor and control individual cells in stationary battery strings. ICE monitors cell voltages and acts as current shunt by allowing current to bypass cells with high voltages. Conversely, current will pass through low voltage cells to bring voltage back to the current level. ICE was designed with limited shunting ability. Thus, weak cells are identified before failure. The result is timely and orderly cell replacement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Regular paper section: A new wcdma transmit power control technique (2005)

In this paper a new Transmit Power Control (TPC) scheme is proposed for SINR-based fast PC algorithms using frcquency-mutiplexed pilot symbols on the uplink of a WCDMA Rayleigh fading mobile radio channel with multi-path. The performance of various PC techniques is evaluated by means of Monte Carlo computer simulation. The WCDMA modem considered includes different coding schemes and a matched filter RAKE combining receiver. The objective is to investigate the effects of the number of resolvable propagation paths, the antenna diversity reception scheme employed and the coding scheme used on the performance of the fast power controlled WCDMA receiver in a Rayleigh fading single-cell environment. The results obtained indicate that the unbalanced PC algorithms outperform the conventional balanced PC algorithms. It is also theoretically proved that the unbalanced PC algorithms have better tracking ability than the conventional PC algorithms.
A haptic needle manipulation simulator for chinese acupuncture learning and training (2004)

This paper presents a haptic needle manipulation simulator for Chinese acupuncture learning and training. Students can learn and practise acupuncture in the proposed 3D interactive virtual environment that supports force feedback interface for needle insertion. So that, students not only "see" but also "touch" the virtual patient. With the high performance computers, highly informative and flexible visualization of acupuncture points of various related meridian and collateral can be highlighted to guide the students during training. Such a virtual reality system can provide an interesting and effective learning environment for Chinese acupuncture.
Experiments on sorption properties of gamma-manganese dioxide under isothermal conditions (1986)

To characterize promising solid desiccant materials for solar desiccant cooling applications, we measured the sorption properties of gamma-manganese dioxide under isothermal conditions using gravimetric methods. Tests were performed at 20/sup 0/C and 40/sup 0/C, a flow rate of about 110 cm/sup 3//min, a pressure of 1 atm, and relative humidities between 3% and 90%. We found the equilibrium water capacity of gamma-manganese dioxide to be much lower than that of silica gel (5% compared with 37% to 40%). The uncertainty in the manganese dioxide capacity calculation is relatively high (+-14%) because of the low sorption capacity of the small sample available (less than 0.3 g). Because of its low adsorption capacity, it cannot be used as a stand-alone desiccant in desiccant dehumidifiers. It may be used in composites with silica gel if its moisture diffusivity is considerably higher than that of silica gel. The moisture diffusivity in manganese dioxide and silica gel/manganese dioxide composites needs to be assessed and compared with that of silica gel for evaluating the composites as advanced desiccants.
Evaluation of Internet-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems (1999)

Previous work has shown that guidelines disseminated through traditional educational interventions have minimal impact on physician behavior. Although computerized DSS have been effective in altering physician behavior, many of these systems are not widely available. We have developed two clinical DSS's based on national guidelines and published them on the Internet. Both systems improved physician compliance with national guidelines when tested in clinical scenarios. By providing information that is coupled to relevant activity, we expect that these widely available DSS's will serve as effective educational tools to positively impact physician behavior.
Grid-Based Access Scheduling for Mobile Data Intensive Sensor Networks (2008)

We introduce a distributed grid-based scheduling access scheme that mitigates high data loss in data intensive sensor networks. Our approach alleviates transmission collisions by applying virtual grids and adopting Latin Squares Characteristic to time slot assignments. We demonstrate that our technique efficiently handles sensor mobility with acceptable data loss and low overhead.
[Effect of danshen injection on pulmonary thromboembolism and platelet free radical levels in mice]. (1996)

The Danshen Injection has been proved good for decreasing platelet malonaldehyde (MDA) levels in pulmonary thromboembolism induced by collagen and adrenaline in mice, as well as increasing the activity of superoxide desmutase (SOD) in platelets, thus providing protection against pulmonary thromboembolism and inhibition of platelet aggregation.
Analysis on Local Governmental Role for Strengthening of Industry Security in Small and Medium-sized Businesses -Focused on Empirical Analysis of Case of Gyeonggido- (2013)

This study analyzed on local governmental role for strengthening of industry security in small and medium-sized businesses, Focused on case of Gyeonggido. In particular, Gyunggi-do evaluates various businesses (construction for cyber security businesses and revitalization of the private security control centers) which are promoted to strengthen industrial security in the region, by targeting SME representatives in various aspects. We focused on finding what role Gyeonggido can take to meet this demand has been explored. Based on the above research result, discuss ways to maximize promotion effects about industry security's activites, and more realistic business management. Futhermore, The need for further follow-up studies are presented.
Structural, functional and molecular analysis of the effects of aging in the small intestine and colon of C57BL/6J mice (2012)

In 21-month old mice the most pronounced effects of aging were observed in the colon, whereas very few changes were observed in the small intestine.
Ethical issues in growth hormone therapy (1989)

Growth hormone therapy for short children who do not meet the classic\ncriteria for growth hormone deficiency should be evaluated from the\nperspective of cultural values, not biologic norms of health. Physicians can\nweigh the ethical acceptability of new growth hormone therapies by comparing\nthem with pediatric treatments for non-life-threatening problems, such as\npreventive well-child care, treatment for psychosocial problems, cosmetic\ntherapy, and invasive outpatient therapy for chronic conditions. An analysis\nof the risks and benefits of growth hormone therapy and their implications for\nchild health policy suggests that routine growth hormone therapy for children\nwithout documented deficiency of growth hormone secretion is properly\nadministered within a comprehensive clinical research protocol and remains\noutside current pediatric ethical norms. (KIE abstract)
Segmentation of head bones in 3-D CT images from an example (2008)

We propose a new generic framework for segmentation of 3D digital data, based on knowledge contained in a segmentation example of similar data. The integration of prior knowledge is made by registering the image to segment on the segmentation example. Since the registration step relies on binary segmented data, segmentation and registration are performed jointly in a coarse-to-fine way using a multiscale parametric representation of a threshold map and of a deformation field. The threshold map is required by the segmentation procedure which is also devoted to recover topological details. The benefit of such an approach is illustrated in the context of head bone segmentation in 3-D computed tomography (CT) images.