gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Optical Telescope Element Simulator for the James Webb Space Telescope (2008)

The James Webb Space Telescope Observatory will consist of three flight elements: (1) the Optical Telescope Element (OTE), (2) the Integrated Science Instrument Module Element (ISIM), and (3) the Spacecraft Element. The ISIM element consists of a composite bench structure that uses kinematic mounts to interface to each of the optical benches of the three science instruments and the guider. The ISIM is also kinematically mounted to the telescope primary mirror structure. An enclosure surrounds the ISIM structure, isolates the ISIM region thermally from the other thermal regions of the Observatory, and serves as a radiator for the science instruments and guider. Cryogenic optical testing of the ISIM Structure and the Science Instruments will be conducted at Goddard Space Flight Center using an optical telescope simulator that is being developed by a team from Ball Aerospace and Goddard Space Flight Center, and other local contractors. This simulator will be used to verify the performance of the ISIM element before delivery to the Northup Grumman team for integration with the OTE. In this paper, we describe the O OTE Sim TE Simulator (OSIM) and provide a brief overview of the optical test program. ulator
A Vector-based Approach to Dialectometry (2007)

A novel unsupervised learning approach to computational dialectometry is presented which&#13;\nuses hard clustering. The approach relies on vector analysis over two-dimensional arrays&#13;\nof word lists collected for different geographical sites. The paper presents the underlying&#13;\ntheory and applies the approach to a Bulgarian data set. The results of these experiments&#13;\ndemonstrate the viability of the approach.
The transformer (2000)

Students of Neslyn Watson-Druee are taught not to ignore oppression but to use it as a catalyst to get noticed in an organisation. Daniel Allen reports
On MMSE real-time antenna array processing using fourth-order statistics in the US cellular TDMA system (1998)

The antenna array processing problem in the reverse link of the current US digital cellular communication system is studied and higher-than-second-order-statistics (HOS) baseband processing is proposed as a possible candidate solution. The remarkable difference of our approach as compared to other existing similar techniques is the idea of the minimization of the mean squared error using fourth-order cumulants alone and nonblind criteria. A recursive Jacobi total least squares algorithm is used in the adaptive implementation to mitigate the effects of high error variance in the estimates of the cumulants based on sample statistics. The method is shown to be very effective in a fast fading environment with multiple cochannel interferers.
Fish feed from wood (2014)

Increased demand of fish in combination with overexploitation of the fish stocks of the oceans has led to an increased production of fish through aquaculture. Today, fishmeal is the main protein source in fish feed for most aquaculture species. However, fishmeal is soon expected to fall short of demand as its production is associated with environmental problems. This shortage must therefore be met by sustainable alternative protein sources. Protein-rich microorganisms (i.e. Single cell protein) is an interesting option as a fishmeal substitute in fish feed which, in addition, can be produced as an important co-product in wood-based biorefineries. In the current study, four different microorganisms were cultivated on five different residual streams from Swedish wood-based biorefineries. Screening experiments were carried out in shake flasks, optimization experiments in benchtop bioreactors, and scale-up experiments were performed in a 50-litre pilot bioreactor. In addition, a demo-scale experiment was carried out in the Swedish Biorefinery Demo Plant. Microbial biomass from the scale-up experiments was collected and used for production of different fish feed formulations which, in turn, were used in feeding trials of the freshwater fish Tilapia. Fishes fed with feed, in which part of the fishmeal had been substituted with Single cell protein, showed similar or better growth than fishes fed with a fishmeal-based control feed.
Occurrence of Ochratoxin A- and Aflatoxin B1-Producing Fungi in Lebanese Grapes and Ochratoxin A Content in Musts and Finished Wines during 2004 (2006)

This paper reports the results of an extensive survey on the occurrence of filamentous fungi isolated from wine-grapes in Lebanon and to test their ability to produce ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on CYA culture medium, in order to assess their potential for producing these mycotoxins on grapes. From the 470 grapes samples taken during season 2004, 550 fungi strains were isolated with 490 belonging to Aspergillus spp. and 60 belonging to Penicillium spp. All these isolated fungi starins were tested for their ability to produce OTA and AFB1. Aspergillus carbonarius shows that it is the only species able to produce OTA with a production percentage reaching 100% and a maximum concentration of 52.8 microg/g of Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA). In its turn, Aspergillus flavus was considered as the only AFB1-producing species with production percentage of 45.3% and a maximum concentration reaching 40 microg/g CYA. A total of 47 handmade musts produced from the collected grapes were also analyzed in order to correlate the presence of OTA in must and the occurrence of filamentous fungi on grapes; 57.4% were contaminated with OTA at low level with concentrations ranging between 0.011 and 0.221 microg OTA L(-1). The analysis of these must samples was not performed with regard to AFB1. Seventy samples of finish red wine were also assayed for OTA content. The results showed that 42 of the tested samples (60%) were found to be positive for OTA with low levels (0.012-0.126 microg OTA L(-1)).
Expander graphs for digital stream authentication and robust overlay networks (2005)

We use expander graphs to provide efficient new constructions for two security applications: authentication of long digital streams over lossy networks and building scalable, robust overlay networks. Here is a summary of our contributions: (1) To authenticate long digital streams over lossy networks, we provide a construction with a provable lower bound on the ability to authenticate a packet - and that lower bound is independent of the size of the graph. To achieve this, we present an authentication expander graph with constant degree. (Previous work used authentication graphs but required graphs with degree linear in the number of vertices.) (2) To build efficient, robust, and scalable overlay networks, we provide a construction using undirected expander graphs with a provable lower bound on the ability of a broadcast message to successfully reach any receiver. This also gives us a new, more efficient solution to the decentralized certificate revocation problem.
The effect of the sugar metabolism on Leishmania infantum promastigotes inside the gut of Lutzomyia longipalpis: A sweet relationship? (2022)

It is well-known that Leishmania parasites can alter the behavior of the sand fly vector in order to increase their transmission potential. However, little is known about the contribution of the infecting host's blood composition on subsequent sand fly infection and survival. This study focused on the host's glucose metabolism and the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathway as both metabolic processes are known to impact vector-parasite interactions of other protozoa and insect species. The focus of this study was inspired by the observation that the glycemic levels in the blood of infected Syrian golden hamsters inversely correlated to splenic and hepatic parasite burdens. To evaluate the biological impact of these findings on further transmission, Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies were infected with blood that was artificially supplemented with different physiological concentrations of several monosaccharides, insulin or IGF-1. Normoglycemic levels resulted in transiently higher parasite loads and faster appearance of metacyclics, whereas higher carbohydrate and insulin/IGF-1 levels favored sand fly survival. Although the recorded effects were modest or transient of nature, these observations support the concept that the host blood biochemistry may affect Leishmania transmission and sand fly longevity.
Indirect leukocyte migration inhibition in breast cancer and benign breast disease patients by mouse mammary tumor virus grown in feline kidney cells. (1984)

Indirect migration inhibition assays were performed with normal and mammary tumor-bearing C3H/HeN mice and patients with breast disease to assess cellular immunity against three different mouse mammary tumor virus (MTV) preparations grown in feline kidney cell cultures and against a mouse-derived MTV preparation. MTV obtained after passage through feline kidney cells and the mouse-derived MTV were capable of eliciting macrophage migration inhibitory factor production by mouse spleen cells obtained from normal or mammary tumor-bearing C3H/HeN mice, thus demonstrating a similar degree of antigenicity of these preparations. In experiments with human breast cancer patients' leukocytes, leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) was produced by 32-50% of these patients in response to the mouse-derived MTV or to three different MTV preparations obtained after passage through feline kidney cells. A significant proportion (31-54%) of benign breast disease patients also reacted with both the mouse-derived and feline-derived MTV preparations. Patients with both malignant and benign breast disease, however, had a significantly different (P less than .05) pattern of reactivity to mouse- and feline-derived MTV preparations from that observed with normal donors. Finally, some LIF activity was also observed (but not statistically significant with the use of nonparametric analysis methods) when feline leukemia virus was used as antigen with these patients. The data suggest that both breast cancer and benign breast disease patients were reactive against antigens largely specific for MTV in the feline cells and, presumably, were not reactive against feline cellular components, although the second possibility cannot be completely ruled out.
Stimulated cytokineplasts from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes mobilize calcium and polymerize actin. Cytoplasts made in cytochalasin B retain a defect in actin polymerization. (1986)

Biologically active fragments from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are simplified systems that can be used to elucidate specific pathways by which cell function is altered. In the current study we have found that cytokineplasts, which are motile fragments derived from the leading front (protopod, lamellipodium) of human PMN, rapidly increase their intracellular free calcium concentration when stimulated by chemotactic formyl peptide or by leukotriene B4, as measured by Quin-2 acetoxymethyl ester fluorescence. As in the parent cell, extracellular EGTA blunts this response only partially. Hence, cytokineplasts retain a mobilizable internal calcium pool, despite a general lack of intracellular organelles. In addition, formyl peptide more than doubles the amount of cytoskeleton-associated (polymerized) actin. In contrast, cytoplasts made by high-speed, discontinuous gradient centrifugation of cytochalasin B-treated leukocytes also increase their intracellular free calcium on stimulation, but cytoskeleton-associated actin increases by only approximately 14%. Thus, defective motile function in the latter cytoplast is associated with compromised effector function (actin polymerization).
Population pharmacokinetics of rituximab in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and association with clinical outcome (2017)

This finding indicates that time-changes in clearance could serve as a predictive marker of response to rituximab. Our report demonstrates the rationale for studies evaluating higher doses of rituximab in selected patients.
Towards core-stateless fairness on multiple timescales (2019)

Extending fairness to multiple timescales creates the right incentives for users and provides better QoE for short sessions, e.g. for web page download. In this paper, we show how to define and implement multi-timescale fairness among flows independently of actual traffic mixes and resource capacities. The proposed method is built on the top of the Multi-Timescale Bandwidth Profile concept and the core-stateless resource sharing framework called Per Packet Value (PPV). It adds two novel ideas: 1) Replacing the traditional weighted-fairness definition of PPV by extending Throughput-Value Functions to multiple timescales (MTS-TVF); 2) Providing an efficient packet marking algorithm using MTS-TVFs to assign values to packets. After marking the packets, the routers in the network core can work with any prior schedulers of PPV. Finally, our early results towards multi-timescale fairness are demonstrated by simulations.
Abstract P449: Connexin43 As A Therapeutic For Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (2021)

Limited efforts have been focused on the interventions which could therapeutically alter arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C), a fatal cardiac disease of the desmosomal (mechanical) cell-cell junction. The desmosome is a critical target for intervention as mutations in desmosomal genes underlie 40-50% of ARVD/C populations and its dysregulation is associated with severe cardiac electrical and structural alterations, which facilitate myocardial failure, arrhythmias and premature death in these populations. Cardiomyocyte reduction of the predominant ventricular gap junction protein connexin43 is a molecular alteration that underlies desmosomal deficits and arrhythmias in ARVD/C. However, the role of connexin43 in structural alterations associated with ARVD/C remains unclear. We intervened with connexin43 reduction in human and mouse models of ARVD/C via connexin43 restoration strategies, which revealed beneficial effects in both ARVD/C models. We show ARVD/C human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes that recapitulate desmosomal structural defects and reveal connexin43 diminution alterations that are reflective of disease found in donor ARVD/C hearts. Connexin43 restoration was sufficient to rescue cardiac physiological deficits and increase desmosomal gene expressions in ARVD/C hiPSC derived cardiomyocytes, encompassing structural alterations. In vivo studies exploiting a mouse model of ARVD/C harboring severe desmosomal structural alterations revealed that cardiac connexin43 restoration was sufficient to prolong lifespan and restore cardiac desmosomal proteins. Herein, we provide evidence for non-canonical functions for connexin43, classically associated with electrical function, in the mechanical modulation of junctions. Our findings have broad implications in exploiting connexin43 as a therapeutic in advanced diseases associated with cardiac structural defects.
Periodontal ligament formation around titanium implants using cultured periodontal ligament cells: a pilot study. (2000)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a new periodontal ligament attachment will form on titanium implants when they are implanted with cultured periodontal ligament cells. Periodontal ligament cells obtained from the teeth of 3 dogs were cultured and attached to the surface of titanium implants. The implants with the cultured autologous periodontal ligament cells were placed in the mandibles of the dogs. After 3 months of healing, histologic examination revealed that, on some implant surfaces, a layer of cementum-like tissue with inserting collagen fibers had been achieved. These results demonstrated that cultured periodontal ligament cells can form tissue resembling a true periodontal ligament around implants.
Mesodermal FGF and BMP govern the sequential stages of zebrafish thyroid specification (2023)

Thyroid tissue, the site of de novo thyroid hormone biosynthesis, is derived from ventral pharyngeal endoderm and defects in morphogenesis are a predominant cause of congenital thyroid diseases. The first molecularly recognizable step of thyroid development is the specification of thyroid precursors in anterior foregut endoderm. Recent studies have identified crucial roles of FGF and BMP signaling in thyroid specification, but the interplay between signaling cues and thyroid transcription factors remained elusive. By analyzing Pax2a and Nkx2.4b expression dynamics in relation to endodermal FGF and BMP signaling activities in zebrafish embryos, we identified a Pax2a-expressing thyroid progenitor population that shows enhanced FGF signaling but lacks Nkx2.4b expression and BMP signaling. Concurrent with upregulated BMP signaling, a subpopulation of these progenitors subsequently differentiates into lineage-committed thyroid precursors co-expressing Pax2a and Nkx2.4b. Timed manipulation of FGF/BMP activities suggests a model in which FGF signaling primarily regulates Pax2a expression, whereas BMP signaling regulates both Pax2a and Nkx2.4b expression. Our observation of similar expression dynamics of Pax8 and Nkx2-1 in mouse embryos suggests that this refined model of thyroid cell specification is evolutionarily conserved in mammals.
Physicochemical Stability of Extemporaneously Prepared Methylcobalamin Injections in the Presence and Absence of Preservative and the Impact of Light Exposure. (2019)

Methylcobalamin, one of the two active forms of vitamin B12, is the most effective analog in permeation and in transportation of neurons in subcellular organelles. Formulations of methylcobalamin are only commercially available in a few countries, which make them inaccessible for most patients. Extemporaneously prepared injections become the only option for those patients. The objective of this work is to study the physical and chemical (ultrahigh- performance liquid chromatography stability-indicating method) stabilities of methylcobalamin injections in the presence and absence of preservative during 181 days (considering the stability limit as 90% of initial concentration of methylcobalamin). The light exposure stability of injections in amber serum vials or clear syringes, solution in amber or clear glassware under typical pharmacy, clinical, and laboratory settings are also presented. Methylcobalamin injections, regardless of the concentrations and inactive ingredients, remained stable for at least 181 days at room temperature when stored in amber serum vials and protected from light. These experimental data suggested that the methylcobalamin injection solutions should be protected from light completely and light exposure in pharmacy, clinical, and laboratory setting should be minimized.
Effect of antiviral therapy on the outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients with herpes simplex virus detected in the respiratory tract: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020)

The study was registered in advance on International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020180053) .
Immunostimulatory effect of ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus in RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro (2021)

Objective: To investigate whether ethanol extracts of Chondracanthus tenellus (EECT) could improve immunomodulatory property of murine monocyte/macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: Cell viability, phagocytic ability, and nitric oxide were measured. The levels of prostaglandin E 2 and cytokines were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Expression of immunoregulatory response protein was detected by Western blotting assay. Results: As the concentration of EECT increased, the morphology of the cells changed to a typical active macrophage shape, and the phagocytic activity increased significantly. EECT also effectively enhanced the production and secretion of immunomodulatory mediators, such as nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2 , and cytokines. In addition, compared with the control group, EECT markedly stimulated the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88, one of the TLR4 adapter molecules. Furthermore, EECT promoted the nucleus translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) by increasing the phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB-α, indicating activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, similar trends were found in cells treated with lipopolysaccharide as a positive control. Conclusions: Taken together, the results indicate that EECT has an immunomodulatory effect by increasing the production of immunomodulatory mediators and cytokines through activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. EECT could be used as a potential candidate for medication or dietary supplements to increase immune activity.
Evolution characteristics of the north branch of the Yangtze Estuary (2016)

The North Branch of the Yangtze Estuary possesses tremendous potential developments with superior conditions. In recent years, influenced by human activities, especially activities on bottomland of the North Branch, the natural evolution rule has been broken. Flat form and flow condition are changed, and channel-fill volume is reduced dramatically. Researching river bed evolutionary regularity under the influences of human activities could favor the scientific decision-making of the North Branch’s comprehensive utilization.
Cell cycle-specific UNG2 phosphorylations regulate protein turnover, activity and association with RPA (2007)

Human UNG2 is a multifunctional glycosylase that removes uracil near replication forks and in non-replicating DNA, and is important for affinity maturation of antibodies in B cells. How these diverse functions are regulated remains obscure. Here, we report three new phosphoforms of the non-catalytic domain that confer distinct functional properties to UNG2. These are apparently generated by cyclin-dependent kinases through stepwise phosphorylation of S23, T60 and S64 in the cell cycle. Phosphorylation of S23 in late G1/early S confers increased association with replication protein A (RPA) and replicating chromatin and markedly increases the catalytic turnover of UNG2. Conversely, progressive phosphorylation of T60 and S64 throughout S phase mediates reduced binding to RPA and flag UNG2 for breakdown in G2 by forming a cyclin E/c-myc-like phosphodegron. The enhanced catalytic turnover of UNG2 p-S23 likely optimises the protein to excise uracil along with rapidly moving replication forks. Our findings may aid further studies of how UNG2 initiates mutagenic rather than repair processing of activation-induced deaminase-generated uracil at Ig loci in B cells.
Complexes of Dichlorogermylene with Phosphine/Sulfoxide-Supported Carbone as Ligand (2021)

Due to their remarkable electronic features, recent years have witnessed the emergence of carbones L<sub>2</sub>C, which consist in two donating L ligands coordinating a central carbon atom bearing two lone pairs. In this context, the phosphine/sulfoxide-supported carbone <b>4</b> exhibits a strong nucleophilic character, and here, we describe its ability to coordinate dichlorogermylene. Two original stable coordination complexes were obtained and fully characterized in solution and in the solid state by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. At 60 °C, in the presence of <b>4</b>, the Ge(II)-complex <b>5</b> undergoes a slow isomerization that transforms the bis-ylide ligand into an yldiide.
A maximum entropy approach to optimal mixing in a pulsed source–sink flow (2006)

Fluid mixing in a Hele–Shaw cell can be accomplished by periodically pulsing pairs of sources and sinks. The mixing efficiency of this system depends largely on the volume of fluid that is injected (and extracted) during each pulse. In this paper, the authors use a two-dimensional potential flow model to find the pulse volumes that optimize mixing in a rectangular domain containing two source–sink pairs, a system of current interest in DNA microarray analysis. Optimal mixing protocols are identified by determining maximum entropy using an analysis of chaotic advection.