gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abnormalities of Neutrophil Phagocytosis, Intracellular Killing and Metabolic Activity in Alcoholic Cirrhosis and Hepatitis (1986)

Neutrophil functions of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of bacteria were examined in 40 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of whom 18 had a superimposed acute alcoholic hepatitis. In 65% of these, defective neutrophil phagocytosis was demonstrable, and in 62.5% there was a defect of intracellular killing of either Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli. Studies of the patients' serum failed to reveal inhibitors of neutrophil function. Additional assays of superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide production, hexose monophosphate shunt activity, degranulation and cellular levels of granule enzymes and glutathione revealed that these neutrophil defects are caused by both reduced production of superoxide and defects of degranulation. The hydrogen peroxide/superoxide molar ratio was raised in patients' neutrophils, and the strong inverse correlation found between the value of this ratio and intracellular levels of reduced glutathione would be consistent with the hypothesis that the neutrophils from patients with cirrhosis are unable to detoxify hydrogen peroxide effectively and that this is a result of reduced levels of glutathione in the cells. The consequent increase in oxidant stress, both intra- and extracellularly, may be the cause of phagocytic and degranulation defects. The reduced responses of patients' neutrophils may be caused by previous exposure of the cells to activating stimuli in circulation, as evidenced by depleted intracellular levels of granule enzymes and glutathione. Neutrophils from the patients with a superimposed acute alcoholic hepatitis had depressed phagocytosis in the early stages of incubation but, on the whole, neutrophils from these patients had a greater capacity for ingestion and killing of bacteria than neutrophils from patients with cirrhosis alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transition from acute to chronic hypercapnia in patients with periodic breathing: predictions from a computer model (2005)

Acute hypercapnia may develop during periodic breathing from an imbalance between abnormal ventilatory patterns during apnea and/or hypopnea and compensatory ventilatory response in the interevent periods. However, transition of this acute hypercapnia into chronic sustained hypercapnia during wakefulness remains unexplained. We hypothesized that respiratory-renal interactions would play a critical role in this transition. Because this transition cannot be readily addressed clinically, we modified a previously published model of whole-body CO2 kinetics by adding respiratory control and renal bicarbonate kinetics. We enforced a pattern of 8 h of periodic breathing (sleep) and 16 h of regular ventilation (wakefulness) repeated for 20 days. Interventions included varying the initial awake respiratory CO2 response and varying the rate of renal bicarbonate excretion within the physiological range. The results showed that acute hypercapnia during periodic breathing could transition into chronic sustained hypercapnia during wakefulness. Although acute hypercapnia could be attributed to periodic breathing alone, transition from acute to chronic hypercapnia required either slowing of renal bicarbonate kinetics, reduction of ventilatory CO2 responsiveness, or both. Thus the model showed that the interaction between the time constant for bicarbonate excretion and respiratory control results in both failure of bicarbonate concentration to fully normalize before the next period of sleep and persistence of hypercapnia through blunting of ventilatory drive. These respiratory-renal interactions create a cumulative effect over subsequent periods of sleep that eventually results in a self-perpetuating state of chronic hypercapnia.
Surface-Limited Platinum Electrodeposition on Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite (2017)

Recently we reported an overpotential electrodeposition method to deposit contiguous Pt nanoplatelets/thin films directly onto the surface of self-standing electrospun carbon nanofiber mats, leading to Carbon Nanofibrous Electrodes (NFEs) [1] . We demonstrated the high electrocatalytic activity and improved stability over high-potential prolonged cycling compared to conventional Pt nanoparticles on carbon. In order to study more in detail the Pt growth and the morphology of the obtained Pt surfaces as a function of the experimental parameters, we investigated such surface-limited electrodeposition employing Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) as a model surface. We studied Pt deposition on HOPG by contact-mode AFM imaging. Pt interconnected particles and Pt networks can be grown directly onto the substrate at high overpotential as a function of the deposition time, with no significant variation in thickness and size of the connected particles. A progressive coverage of the substrate surface is clearly present, eventually leading to the formation of Pt thin islands below 2 nm in thickness. We also show by TEM analysis that Pt(111) facets are preferentially deposited and grown on the substrate. We studied the deposition mechanism at high overpotential. We will show that the Pt deposition is not diffusion-limited and that it overlaps with other processes. We will discuss the effects of these other processes (H 2 evolution on Pt and HOPG) on the Pt deposition. Additional indications can be derived from computer simulations (e.g. DigiElch®) that approximate the experimental conditions. The rate constants used for the simulations were obtained experimentally and their variation with HOPG surface preparation will also be presented. In this work we will present our advances towards understanding the nature of this surface-limited electrodeposition. The morphological and structural characterization of these Pt features on HOPG will be presented and discussed, along with some early insights on their growth mechanism. [1] G. Ercolano, F. Farina, S. Cavaliere, D.J. Jones, J. Rozière, J. Mater. Chem. A 5 (2017) 3974-3980.
Falsification of tetrazolium dye (MTT) based cytotoxicity assay results due to mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures. (1999)

Mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures is a frequently observed problem. Due to the inconspicuous growth in cell cultures, periodical screening procedures represent the only protection. Many influences of mycoplasma on cell culture parameters have been described. We addressed the question of whether mycoplasma contamination affects the most frequently used cytotoxicity assay, the tetrazolium based MTT assay. We contaminated C6 glioma cells with mycoplasma and performed MTT assays with doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide and cisplatinum under various conditions. Contaminated cells demonstrated significant different results when tested with the MTT assay than mycoplasma free controls. Differences were not detectable when cells were counted as toxicity assay. Due to an additional reduction of tetrazolium by mycoplasmas, contaminated cells appeared up to 15 fold resistant to doxorubicin, vincristine and etoposide, but not to cisplatinum. Differences decreased with decreasing drug doses and decreasing plated cell count. Our findings confirm the compelling need for periodical mycoplasma screening, especially when tetrazolium based cytotoxicity assay (MTT) are used.
Category Theoretic Analysis of Photon-Based Decision Making (2018)

Decision making is a vital function in the age of machine learning and artificial intelligence; however, its physical realization and theoretical fundamentals are not yet well understood. In our former study, we demonstrated that single photons can be used to make decisions in uncertain, dynamically changing environments. The two-armed bandit problem was successfully solved using the dual probabilistic and particle attributes of single photons. In this study, we present a category theoretic modeling and analysis of single-photon-based decision making, including a quantitative analysis that agrees well with the experimental results. The category theoretic model unveils complex interdependencies of the entities of the subject matter in the most simplified manner, including a dynamically changing environment. In particular, the octahedral structure and the braid structure in triangulated categories provide better understandings and quantitative metrics of the underlying mechanisms for the single-photon decision maker. This study provides insight and a foundation for analyzing more complex and uncertain problems for machine learning and artificial intelligence.
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography—a powerful and versatile technique (2004)

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) was introduced about a decade ago and is, today, rapidly become a powerful and widely applicable technique for the characterisation and analysis of a variety of complex samples. GC x GC provides structurally ordered chromatograms in the 2D plane, and features an impressive peak capacity. Combining GC x GC and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ToFMS), with its fast acquisition rates and excellent deconvolution potential, has been an important step forward which enables identification and identity confirmation of large numbers of target analytes and unknowns in one run. Up until now, some 150 papers have been published, fish and food, environmental and air analysis. Polyhalogenated aromatics and other priority pollutants, flavours and fragrances, fatty acid methyl esters and essential oils, are among the classes of compounds which frequently receive attention. In summary, GC x GC is increasingly being recognised as the separation technique of choice in problem areas.
ASAP: an adaptive QoS protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (2004)

With the increasing widespread use of wireless technologies, the need arises for QoS provisioning mechanisms for multimedia applications in wireless networks. However, to support QoS in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is more challenging than in fixed and last-hop wireless access networks. QoS protocols designed for fixed network, e.g. RSVP, are not applicable in MANETs, because they cannot cope with MANET's highly dynamic topology. Existing QoS frameworks explicitly built for MANETs are not as flexible and efficient as needed. In this paper, we propose a new QoS framework for MANETs-adaptive reservation and preallocation protocol (ASAP). By using two signaling messages, ASAP provides fast and efficient QoS support while maintaining adaptation flexibility and minimizing wasted reservations. Simulation of this framework using AODV C. Perkins, E. Royer (1999) illustrates the features and performance of ASAP, and demonstrates the design concepts.
Improved And Robust Drilling Simulators Using Past Real-Time Measurements And Artificial Intelligence (2008)

Abstract Time series data from past drilling operations are an under-utilized resource in oil-companies. In this paper, we present a simple example of how knowledge implicit in time series can be complementary to traditional modeling. In particular our system reduces the occurrence of a false kick alarm typically seen when making a connection during drilling.
Process design and evaluation for the automation of interphase insulation for distributed windings (2021)

In the production of electrical machines based on the pull-in technology, the stator, with a share of 35% of the total costs, is the most expensive component in the electric motor and offers a variety of automation possibilities of the process. The insertion of the phase insulation paper into the stator winding head is mostly done within manual assembly stations. This process step offers automation potential for the production of a process-safe phase insulation. The aim is to develop and qualify an automated application method. Therefore, the process is redesigned by the idea of a robot-supported application of the phase insulation with a spray system. For feasibility studies, a robot-supported spray insulation system is designed, built and subsequently integrated into a robot cell. Using several test setups, different process tests are carried out to check the application possibilities of sprayable insulation materials as phase insulation in the stator winding head. In particular, the effects of the various process parameters on the indentation strength of the new insulation materials are being investigated using laboratory tests.
Increased Polymerase Activity of Zoonotic H7N9 Allows Partial Escape from MxA (2022)

The interferon-induced myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) is a potent restriction factor that prevents zoonotic infection from influenza A virus (IAV) subtype H7N9. Individuals expressing antivirally inactive MxA variants are highly susceptible to these infections. However, human-adapted IAVs have acquired specific mutations in the viral nucleoprotein (NP) that allow escape from MxA-mediated restriction but that have not been observed in MxA-sensitive, human H7N9 isolates. To date, it is unknown whether H7N9 can adapt to escape MxA-mediated restriction. To study this, we infected Rag2-knockout (Rag2<sup>-/-</sup>) mice with a defect in T and B cell maturation carrying a human MxA transgene (MxA<sup>tg/-</sup>Rag2<sup>-/-</sup>). In these mice, the virus could replicate for several weeks facilitating host adaptation. In MxA<sup>tg/-</sup>Rag2<sup>-/-</sup>, but not in Rag2<sup>-/-</sup> mice, the well-described mammalian adaptation E627K in the viral polymerase subunit PB2 was acquired, but no variants with MxA escape mutations in NP were detected. Utilizing reverse genetics, we could show that acquisition of PB2 E627K allowed partial evasion from MxA restriction in MxA<sup>tg/tg</sup> mice. However, pretreatment with type I interferon decreased viral replication in these mice, suggesting that PB2 E627K is not a true MxA escape mutation. Based on these results, we speculate that it might be difficult for H7N9 to acquire MxA escape mutations in the viral NP. This is consistent with previous findings showing that MxA escape mutations cause severe attenuation of IAVs of avian origin.
Fixing the broken time machine (2015)

Energy harvesting has become a favorable alternative to batteries for wearable embedded systems since it is more environmental and user friendly. However, harvested energy is intrinsically unstable, which could frequently interrupt a processor's execution. To tackle this problem, non-volatile processors have been proposed to checkpoint the whole volatile processor state into attached non-volatile memories periodically. When power resumes, the processor can copy the checkpointed state back to volatile memories and continue execution. However, without careful consideration, the process of checkpointing and resuming could cause inconsistency among different memory addresses and lead to irreversible errors. In this paper, we present a consistency aware checkpointing scheme that ensures correctness for all checkpoints. The proposed technique efficiently identifies all possible inconsistency positions in programs and inserts auxiliary code to ensure correctness. Evaluation results show that the proposed checkpointing technique can successfully eliminate inconsistency errors and greatly reduce the checkpointing overhead.
Innentitelbild: Thiols and Selenols as Electron‐Relay Catalysts for Disulfide‐Bond Reduction (Angew. Chem. 49/2013) (2013)

Die Aufrechterhaltung eines spezifischen Redoxzustands ist überaus wichtig für die Funktion vieler Moleküle, beispielsweise von Proteinen. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 13139 ff. berichten R. T. Raines et al., dass ein lösliches gemischtes Diselenid den effizienten Elektronentransfer von einem immobilisierten Dithiol auf ein Protein in wässriger Lösung katalysieren kann. Das System bietet eine einfache Möglichkeit, um unerwünschte Disulfidbindungen zu reduzieren und oxidative Schäden zu reparieren. (Grafik: S. B. Johnston und R. T. Raines).
A formação do Químico (2004)

Training of highly qualified personnel is the most transversal axis among those identified in the document "Mobilizing Axes in Chemistry", published by SBQ, in 2002, which demands to deep the discussions, initiated in the symposium "The Chemist's Education", whose main objective was to discuss the repercussions of that training in the teaching and in the industrial section. After the publication of an initial paper, a couple of meetings and workshops held in Rio de Janeiro, in December 2003, involving the national chemist community, discussed the "The role of the graduate degrees in the Chemist's Education" and "The Chemist's Education", and confirmed the need to invest in the formation of qualified human resources in profusion and in all levels. Actions to be taken were delineated. Presently, the graduate programs in Chemistry are showing expressive results. However, although these professionals are mostly absorbed by the academy (the absorption of the industry is less significant), only a few programs give special attention to the didactical and pedagogical training. The regional decentralization is actually a tendency in most programs, but the interaction academy-economic activities is still a challenge. It is necessary to establish with the industrial section, the highly qualified professional's profile in Chemistry that the industry can absorb. The undergraduation is growing in number and quality, however still excessively concentrated in the Southeast area. The national "Curricula Guidelines" for Chemistry Courses, through its flexible approach, propitiate the integral, interdisciplinary (non compartmentalized) and critical-reflexive training of the professionals as citizens and as entrepreneurs. However, deficiencies are still recognized. The evaluation system of undergraduate courses has been able to identify the most fragile modalities of courses and other indicators. It was also verified that Brazilian chemistry industry absorbs minimally the highly qualified professionals, which is attributed to the fact that the Federal Council of Chemistry is vertically organized and does not recognize the graduate degrees as professional qualification. In the conclusion, it stands out, among other aspects, the importance of the effective implantation of the national curricula guidelines, bringing out courses whose didactical and pedagogical projects may offer a solid formation in Chemistry, but comprehensive and general enough to enable the Chemistry professionals to develop varied skills.
Cover Picture: Unexpected Highly Chemoselective Anodic ortho‐Coupling Reaction of 2,4‐Dimethylphenol on Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 20/2006) (2006)

Abstract The cover picture shows the highly chemoselective conversion of 2,4‐dimethylphenol to the corresponding biphenol on diamond as electrode. Under controlled electrolysis conditions on boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes the most efficient electrochemical synthesis for this technically relevant biphenol was created. Details and an electrolysis cell for BDD electrodes are discussed in the article by S. R. Waldvogel et al. on p. 4569 ff. (Artwork support by C. Siering is highly appreciated.)
An Efficient Table-Merging Method for Variable Length Coding (2007)

In this paper, an efficient technique to implement variable length coding for multiple video coding standards is presented. To support multiple video coding standards, many VLC tables must be stored to perform coding procedure correctly. Our proposal is to merge different VLC tables of multiple standards into the most representative table, so the required memory for those tables can be reduced largely. Compared with the direct table-lookup implementation, our design can reduce about 90% of memory size.
Design of Acquisition Schemes and Setup Geometry for Anisotropic X-ray Dark-Field Tomography (AXDT) (2017)

Anisotropic X-ray Dark-field Tomography (AXDT) is a new imaging technique for reconstructing the three-dimensional scattering profile within a sample using the dark-field signal measured in an X-ray grating interferometry setup. As in any tomographic measurement, the acquisition geometry plays a key role in the accurate reconstruction of the scattering information. More- over, the anisotropic nature of the dark-field signal poses additional challenges for designing the acquisition protocols. In this work, we present an efficient approach to measure scattering orientations spread over the unit sphere and prove its efficacy using the knowledge from conventional tomography. In addition, we conclude (using analytical and experimental results) that placing the gratings such that the grating bars make an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the vertical direction is the optimal setup configuration for AXDT.
Myelographic Agents. II. Some Iodophthalates1 (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMyelographic Agents. II. Some Iodophthalates1J. H. Ackerman, V. Akullian, C. Moore, and A. A. LarsenCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1966, 9, 1, 165–168Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00319a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00319a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical Artifacts in Digital Video Microscopy (2006)

The limits of digital video microscopy due to optical artifacts are explored. In particular, the contribution of out-of-focus layers in a bulk crystal to the optical image of an in-focus monolayer was investigated.
Electromagnetic performances analysis of a new magnetic-planetary-geared permanent magnet brushless machine for hybrid electric vehicles (2012)

This paper proposes a new magnetic-planetary-geared permanent magnet brushless (MPG-PMBL) machine for hybrid electric vehicles. The key is to integrate a magnetic planetary gear into permanent magnet brushless machine. Thus, the resulting machine can achieve both power split and mixing flexibly, and therefore, can obtain ultralow emission and high fuel efficiency at different operational modes. Moreover, by incorporating the concept of non-contact transmission mechanisms of magnetic gear, the proposed machine possesses the merits of small size, light weight, reliability, reduced maintenance and inherent overload protection. By using the finite element method, the electromagnetic performances are analyzed. Finally, multi-operational modes are analyzed to evaluate the proposed system.