gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurochemical Characterization of Hypothalamic Cocaine—Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Neurons (1999)

The novel neuropeptide cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is expressed in several hypothalamic regions and has recently been shown to be involved in the central control of food intake. To characterize the hypothalamic CART neurons and understand the physiological functions they might serve, we undertook an in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical study to examine distribution and neurochemical phenotype of these neurons. In situ hybridization studies showed abundant CART mRNA in the periventricular nucleus (PeV), the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), the supraoptic nucleus (SON), the arcuate nucleus (Arc), the zona incerta, and the lateral hypothalamic area. The distribution of CART-immunoreactive neurons as revealed by a monoclonal antibody raised against CART(41-89) displayed complete overlap with CART mRNA. Double immunohistochemistry showed co-existence of CART immunoreactivity (CART-IR) and somatostatin in some neurons of the PeV. In the magnocellular division of the PVN as well as the SON, CART-IR was demonstrated in both oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic perikarya. In the medial parvicellular region of the PVN a few CART-IR neurons co-localized galanin, but none was found to co-localize corticotropin-releasing hormone. In the Arc, almost all pro-opiomelanocortinergic neurons were shown to contain CART, whereas no co-localization of CART with NPY was found. In the lateral hypothalamic area nearly all CART neurons were found to contain melanin-concentrating hormone. The present data support a role for CART in neuroendocrine regulation. Most interestingly, CART is co-stored with neurotransmitters having both positive (melanin-concentrating hormone) as well as a negative (pro-opiomelanocortin) effect on food intake and energy balance.
Neutron- and alpha-particle induced soft-error rates for flip flops at a 40 nm technology node (2011)

Flip-flop designs fabricated in a 40 nm bulk technology node with a wide range of soft-error hardness, area, power, and speed have been tested for neutron and alpha single event upsets. Neutron results show that the error rates of flip-flop designs that were considered hardened at older technologies are comparable to that of the conventional D-flip-flop. The soft-error rates (SER) of all the flip-flops consistently increase with reduction in supply voltage and increase in ambient temperature.
Simulating Herbicide Volatilization from Bare Soil Affected by Atmospheric Conditions and Limited Solubility in Water (2006)

A numerical model that simulates pesticide fate was developed to predictthe behavior of triallate after application to a field soil. The model has options that allow water and/ or heat transport and can limit simulated aqueous-phase concentrations to triallate solubility in water. Several methods for describing the volatilization boundary condition were tested to assess the accuracy in predicting the volatilization rate, including an approach that requires no atmospheric information and an approach that couples soil and atmospheric processes. Four scenarios were constructed and simulated, to compare with measured volatilization rates. The peak measured volatilization rate (168 g ha(-1) h(-1)) was most accurately predicted with the scenario that included the most complex model (100 g ha(-1) h(-1)). The simplest model overpredicted the peak rate (251 g ha(-1) h(-1)), and the others underpredicted the peak rate (16-67 g ha(-1) h(-1)). The simulations that limited aqueous solubility provided relatively similar values for the total emissions (21-37% of applied triallate), indicating that simplified models may compare well with measurements (31% of applied). A prospective simulation over a period of 100 days showed that applying triallate to the soil surface would ultimately lead to atmospheric emissions of 80% of the applied material with 6% remaining in soil. Incorporating triallate to a depth of 10 cm would reduce emissions to less than 5% and lead to 41% remaining in soil.
Connectivity of Neocortical Transplants Placed into the N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate (NMDA) Ablated Cortex of Adult Rats (1992)

This article has no abstract.
Translation Symmetry Breakdown in Low-Dimensional Lattices of Pentagonal Rings (2015)

The mechanism of translation symmetry breakdown in newly proposed low-dimensional carbon pentagon-constituted nanostructures (e.g., pentagraphene) with multiple sp(2)/sp(3) sublattices was studied by GGA DFT, DFTB, and model potential approaches. It was found that finite nanoclusters suffer strong uniform unit cell bending followed by breaking of crystalline lattice linear translation invariance caused by structural mechanical stress. It was shown that 2D sp(2)/sp(3) nanostructures are correlated transition states between two symmetrically equivalent bent structures. At DFT level of theory the distortion energy of the flakes (7.5 × 10(-2) eV/atom) is much higher the energy of dynamical stabilization of graphene. Strong mechanical stress prevents stabilization of the nanoclusters on any type of supports by either van der Waals or covalent bonding and should lead to formation of pentatubes, nanorings, or nanofoams rather than infinite nanoribbons or nanosheets. Formation of two-layered pentagraphene structures leads to compensation of the stress and stabilization of flat finite pentaflakes.
Population-Based Hospitalization Burden of Influenza A Virus Subtypes and Antigenic Drift Variants in Children in Hong Kong (2004–2011) (2014)

We documented a consistently high pediatric hospitalization burden of influenza A. Knowledge of antigenic changes and their proportion of circulation aids in the interpretation of impact of the subtypes. Year-to-year variation in hospitalization rates in young infants appeared to correlate with antigenic variation, lending support to the role of protection from maternal antibodies.
Acoustically adjustable LiNbO3 double-crystal monochromator for synchrotron radiation (1999)

First experiments with the acoustically controlled LiNbO3 double-crystal monochromator for synchrotron radiation have been performed on the diffraction beamline of the Brazilian National Synchrotron Light Laboratory. In order to modify x-ray optical properties of LiNbO3 crystals, 290 MHz surface acoustic waves were generated with the aid of interdigital transducers, fabricated on the polished crystal surfaces by using microelectronics technology. It was shown that by the appropriate choice of diffraction planes, the LiNbO3 double-crystal monochromator can be used for both high-flux and high-resolution applications. Surface acoustic waves allow adjustment of an angular width of diffraction profile to a divergence of the incident synchrotron radiation, optimizing matching conditions for x rays of different wavelengths. Diffraction measurements under surface acoustic wave excitation demonstrated that the parameters of the x-ray beam issuing from the monochromatization system are indeed acoustically controlled, providing a 2–2.5-fold broadening of the diffraction profile and a 1.5-fold gain in the maximum diffraction intensity.
Discussions with Leaders: A Conversation Between Sam Gambhir and Johannes Czernin (2018)

Johannes Czernin, editor in chief of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, recently initiated a series of recorded discussions with leaders in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. The first of these, conducted on September 25, 2018, with Sanjiv Sam Gambhir, is excerpted below. Gambhir is the Virginia
Pooling mRNA in microarray experiments and its effect on power (2007)

We propose modeling the gene expression levels in a pool as a weighted average of mRNA expression of all individuals in the pool on the original measurement scale, where the weights correspond to individual sample contributions to the pool. Based on these improved statistical models, we develop the appropriate F statistics to test for differentially expressed genes. We present formulae to calculate the power of various statistical tests under different strategies for pooling mRNA and compare resulting power estimates to those that would be obtained by following the approach proposed by Kendziorski et al. (2003). We find that the Kendziorski estimate tends to exceed true power and that the estimate we propose, while somewhat conservative, is less biased. We argue that it is possible to design a study that includes mRNA pooling at a significantly reduced cost but with little loss of information.
Development and Distribution of 2‐Amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]‐pyridine (PhIP)‐induced Aberrant Crypt Foci in the Rat Large Intestine (1999)

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are generally considered to be preneoplastic lesions for colon cancer. To assess their induction by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), a colon carcinogen, we performed a sequential study of ACF morphology and localization. F344 male rats were given PhIP, and methylene blue-stained colon epithelium and isolated crypts were analyzed at weeks 12, 25, 50, and 75. Each crypt was classified into 2 groups, "single" with round bottoms and "bifurcating" displaying V-shaped clefts (indicating proliferation). In combination with the number of crypts in an ACF, this classification was a good indicator for the generation of ACF in line with the fission mechanism of growth. Increasing numbers of crypts in ACF through weeks 12 to 75 and decreased percentages of ACF with bifurcating crypts at the late time points indicated that proliferation of crypts occurs predominantly during the early stages. The distribution pattern showed a significant shift (P < 0.000005) from the distal to the proximal part of the large intestine between weeks 25 and 50. Adenocarcinomas were first found to develop at week 50 in the ascending colon and cecum where bifurcating crypts were generally lacking at weeks 12 and 25. These data suggest the existence of (1) proliferating ACF which contains bifurcating crypt(s) and (2) quiescent or senescent ACF which consists of only single crypts.
Modeling the U.S. national distribution of waterborne pathogen concentrations with application to Cryptosporidium parvum (2003)

This paper provides a general statistical methodology for modeling environmental pathogen concentrations in natural waters. A hierarchical model of pathogen concentrations captures site and regional random effects as well as random laboratory recovery rates. Recovery rates were modeled by a generalized linear mixed model. Two classes of pathogen concentration models are differentiated according to their ultimate purpose: water quality prediction or health risk analysis. A fully Bayesian analysis using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation is used for statistical inference. The applicability of this methodology is illustrated by the analysis of a national survey of Cryptosporidium parvum concentrations, in which 93% of the observations were zero counts.
A New Distributed Optimization for Community Microgrids Scheduling (2017)

This paper proposes a distributed optimization model for community microgrids considering the building thermal dynamics and customer comfort preference. The microgrid central controller (MCC) minimizes the total cost of operating the community microgrid, including fuel cost, purchasing cost, battery degradation cost and voluntary load shedding cost based on the customers’ consumption, while the building energy management systems (BEMS) minimize their electricity bills as well as the cost associated with customer discomfort due to room temperature deviation from the set point. The BEMSs and the MCC exchange information on energy consumption and prices. When the optimization converges, the distributed generation scheduling, energy storage charging/discharging \ and customers’ consumption as well as the energy prices are determined. In particular, we integrate the detailed thermal dynamic characteristics of buildings into the proposed model. The heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems can be scheduled intelligently to reduce the electricity cost while maintaining the indoor temperature in the comfort range set by customers. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of proposed model.
Platelet adenine nucleotides in patients with primary glomerular disease. (1988)

Total platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents and amounts of ADP and ATP released from platelets by 3 micrograms/ml of collagen were studied in 20 patients with primary glomerular disease (PGD) to examine the metabolism of these platelet substances in the disease. ADP and ATP were measured by Holmsen's firefly luciferase method. The patients had significantly lower total platelet ATP compared with controls and total platelet ATP was significantly lower in nephrotic patients than in patients whose serum albumin levels were normal. Releasable platelet ADP and ATP were both significantly decreased in patients. Releasable ADP: total ADP ratio and releasable ATP: total ATP ratio were both significantly lower in patients' platelets than in normal platelets. There was no significant difference in platelet counts between patients and controls. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP and adrenaline were significantly higher in patients compared with controls. We conclude that total ATP content and the amount of ADP and ATP released by collagen are decreased in PGD patients' platelets.
Stirring Up the Learning to Program Robotic Arms Through the Generation of Student Handwriting (2018)

The use of robotics arms provides students several advantages in the teaching and learning process, compared to methods based on simulation programs. Moreover, programming the robotic arm to imitate a human action previously carried out by the students, makes them to have a better personal satisfaction. Following up this idea, a lab session has been designed and tested by the authors. It is composed by the following phases: Students first register their personal handwriting on a digitizing tablet. Next, they develop a program to make that a commercial robot writes such piece of handwriting. Then, the commercial robotic arm produce such piece of handwriting on a digitizing tablet. Finally, a comparison between the original handwriting and the one made by the robot is worked out. To evaluate the success of the proposed lab session, a survey was issued to students who followed the course in robotics last semester with encouraging results.
Marrow-Derived Cells Regulate the Development of Early Diabetic Retinopathy and Tactile Allodynia in Mice (2012)

The hypothesis that marrow-derived cells, and specifically proinflammatory proteins in those cells, play a critical role in the development of diabetes-induced retinopathy and tactile allodynia was investigated. Abnormalities characteristic of the early stages of retinopathy and allodynia were measured in chimeric mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase (PARP1) in only their marrow-derived cells. Diabetes-induced capillary degeneration, proinflammatory changes, and superoxide production in the retina and allodynia were inhibited in diabetic animals in which iNOS or PARP1 was deleted from bone marrow cells only. Of the various marrow cells, neutrophils (and monocytes) play a major role in retinopathy development, because retinal capillary degeneration likewise was significantly inhibited in diabetic mice lacking the receptor for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in their marrow-derived cells. Immunodepletion of neutrophils or monocytes inhibited the endothelial death otherwise observed when coculturing leukocytes from wild-type diabetic animals with retinal endothelium. iNOS and PARP1 are known to play a role in inflammatory processes, and we conclude that proinflammatory processes within marrow-derived cells play a central role in the development of diabetes complications in the retina and nerve.
Advanced image registration techniques and applications (2008)

Accurate image registration (with subpixel accuracy) techniques are critical components for many advanced image processing systems such as the time-differencing system and the super-resolution imaging system. In this paper, several image registration methods are compared and evaluated. Performance of registration accuracy is evaluated using several LWIR and CCD video imagery by two metrics: RMSE (root mean square error) and SCNR (signal-to-clutter noise-ratio) gain (improvement of SCNR). Promising applications for iris biometric identification, super-resolution image enhancements, heavy background clutter suppression for improving moving target detection have been presented in this paper.
Enantioselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Imines with Propioloylpyrazoles Induced by Chiral π–Cation Catalysts (2014)

We developed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of azomethine imines with propioloylpyrazoles catalyzed by a chiral copper(II) complex of 3-(2-naphthyl)-l-alanine amide. The asymmetric environment created by intramolecular π-cation interaction and the N-alkyl group of the chiral ligand gives the corresponding adducts in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity. This is the first successful method for the catalytic enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine imines with internal alkyne derivatives to give fully substituted pyrazolines.
Precision holographic optical elements in Bayfol HX photopolymer (2016)

The versatility of Volume Holographic Optical Elements (vHOE) is high, especially because of their tunable angular and spectral Bragg selectivity. Those unique lightweight, thin and flat optical elements are enabled by the new instant developing photopolymer film Bayfol&reg; HX technology, which allows to mass produce cost effective diffractive optics due to its simplified and robust holographic recording process. From a pure scientific point of view volume holography is well established. In practice though, commercially available optical design software is not adapted to handle the specific characteristics of photopolymer diffractive optical elements and their recording. To achieve high quality vHOE precision optics, the recording setup needs to accommodate several aspects that will be covered in this paper. We report on means how to deal with photopolymer shrinkage and average refractive index changes of the recording media. An important part in diffractive optics design is the compensation of different conditions between the holographic recording setup and in a final product containing the vHOE. Usually substrates might need to be changed (in material, in refractive index) as well the illumination sources are using incoherent light having angular and spectral emission profiles with finite bandwidth. Recently special in- and out-coupling vHOEs are becoming attractive e.g. in near eye displays and in compact lighting devices. We will report on design considerations and adjustments to the recording condition for a specific in-coupling vHOE and demonstrate the effects of pre-compensation on this example.
Estudo de um novo catalisador catiônico de Ni na polimerização do butadieno (1994)

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Systematic evaluation of models of different complexity for a low-density polyethylene plant (2011)

This study deals with the dynamic modelling and simulation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) production plant. LDPE is produced in a complex process which takes place under extreme operating conditions and may lead to nonlinear dynamics due to highly exothermic reactions and material recycles around the reactor. In principle, the process is represented by a distributed parameter system with an external coordinate (the reactor length) and various internal coordinates (the chain length of the polymer molecules, short- and long-chain branching and the number of double bounds) resulting in a large scale model. In this contribution a detailed reference model is introduced and possible model simplifications are discussed systematically from on-line optimization and control point of view.
PAF-antagonist 7.3',8.5'-connected bicyclo[3.2.1]octane neolignans obtained from three colombian Lauraceae species and their synthesis (2009)

Bicyclo(3.2.1)octane neolignans are a biologically important class of neolignan-type compounds which are further subdivided in 7.1',8.3'-connected (or guianin-type) and 7.3',8.5'-connected (or macrophyllin-type) [1]. Although the guianin-type is the most known bicyclooctanoids, the macrophyllin-type has shown a relevant PAF-antagonistic activity [2]. A set of thirteen bicyclooctanoids (twelve of the macrophyllin-type) were isolated from the leaves of three Lauraceae species (P. cinereum, O. macrophylla and N. amazonum). Ten of them were found to have novel structures which were fully determined by spectroscopic methods as well as the absolute configuration by chirooptical methods. All bicyclooctanoids showed a significant inhibitory activity in the PAF-induced aggregation of rabbit platelets assay [3]. The new bicyclo(3.2.1)octane neolignan named as cinerin B (IC50 1.5µM) was found to be one of the most potent PAF-antagonist. For this reason, a valuable route toward its total synthesis was accomplished through dihydrobenzofuran intermediate which was obtained via a new, efficient Pd-catalysed oxyarylation reaction, starting from resorcinol and 5-methoxy-piperonal, affording the desired product in seven steps.
Contributions of Pain Sensitivity and Colonic Motility to IBS Symptom Severity and Predominant Bowel Habits (2008)

Pain sensitivity and colon motility are independent factors contributing to IBS symptoms. Treatment may need to address both, and to be specific to predominant bowel habit.
Mobile-edge computing framework with data compression for wireless network in energy internet (2019)

Under the situations of energy dilemma, energy Internet has become one of the most important technologies in international academic and industrial areas. However, massive small data from users, which are too scattered and unsuitable for compression, can easily exhaust computational resources and lower random access possibility, thereby reducing system performance. Moreover, electric substations are sensitive to transmission latency of user data, such as controlling information. However, the traditional energy Internet usually could not meet requirements. Integrating mobile-edge computing makes energy Internet convenient for data acquisition, processing, management, and accessing. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for energy Internet to improve random access possibility and reduce transmission latency. This framework utilizes the local area network to collect data from users and makes conducting data compression for energy Internet possible. Simulation results show that this architecture can enhance random access possibility by a large margin and reduce transmission latency without extra energy consumption overhead.
SOME DERIVATIVES OF NEWTON'S METHOD (2002)

ABSTRACT Every first-year calculus student learns Newton's method as part of a repertoire of numerical root-finding methods. We present two other numerical root-finding methods that we derive using Newton's method: a simplified Newton's method, and Halley's method. These two methods are not new, yet they seldom find their way into a first calculus course even though they would not be out of place in such a course.
High peak-power stretcher-free femtosecond fiber amplifier using passive spatio-temporal coherent combining (2012)

We report on the passive coherent combining of up to 8 temporally and spatially separated ultrashort pulses amplified in a stretcher-free ytterbium-doped fiber system. An initial femtosecond pulse is split into 4 temporal replicas using divided-pulse amplification, and subsequently divided in two counter-propagating beams in a Sagnac interferometer containing a fiber amplifier. The spatio-temporal distribution of the peak-power inside the amplifier allows the generation of record 3.1 µJ and 50 fs pulses at 1 MHz of repetition rate with 52 MW of peak-power from a stretcher-free fiber amplifier and without additional nonlinear post-compression stages.