gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultralow thermal conductivity of single crystalline porous silicon nanowires (2017)

Porous materials provide a large surface to volume ratio, thereby providing a knob to alter fundamental properties in unprecedented ways. In thermal transport, porous nanomaterials can reduce thermal conductivity by not only enhancing phonon scattering from the boundaries of the pores and therefore decreasing the phonon mean free path, but also by reducing the phonon group velocity. Here we establish a structure-property relationship by measuring the porosity and thermal conductivity of individual electrolessly etched single crystalline silicon nanowires using a novel electron beam heating technique. Such porous silicon nanowires exhibit extremely low diffusive thermal conductivity (as low as 0.33 Wm-1K-1 at 300K for 43% porosity), even lower than that of amorphous silicon. The origin of such ultralow thermal conductivity is understood as a reduction in the phonon group velocity, experimentally verified by measuring the Young modulus, as well as the smallest structural size ever reported in crystalline Silicon (less than 5nm). Molecular dynamics simulations support the observation of a drastic reduction in thermal conductivity of silicon nanowires as a function of porosity. Such porous materials provide an intriguing platform to tune phonon transport, which can be useful in the design of functional materials towards electronics and nano-electromechanical systems.
Herstellung von Polymer‐ und Polymer‐Metalloxid‐Kompositschichten (2013)

Abstract Organische Materialien werden bislang kaum in optischen Interferenzschichten eingesetzt. Ursächlich hierfür sind neben ihrer relativ geringen mechanischen Beständigkeit die oft komplexeren Technologien zur Herstellung dünner organischer Schichten und die im Vergleich zu oxidischen Materialien mangelhafteren optischen Eigenschaften. Dennoch bieten einige organische Materialien spezielle Eigenschaften, welche sie für den Einsatz in optischen Schichtsystemen durchaus interessant machen. Zwar sind diese Schichten relativ weich, jedoch können sie durch ihre hohe mechanische Flexibilität mechanische Spannungen in Schichtsystemen abbauen. Einige organische Materialien zeigen darüber hinaus spezielle optische Effekte wie Fluoreszenz oder intensive Farben, welche in optischen Schichtsystemen genutzt werden können. Hydrophile und hydrophobe organische Deckschichten können zudem das Verschmutzungsverhalten von optischen Schichtsystemen positiv beeinflussen. Aus diesem Grund stellen wir in diesem Artikel eine Reihe von Beschichtungstechniken für organische Substanzen aus der Gasphase vor und berichten über einige grundlegende optische und mechanische Schichteigenschaften sowie über wichtige Prozesscharakteristika.
Efficient Simulation of Distributed Sensing and Control Environments (2013)

The rise of the Internet of Things raises many challenges among which is the ability to efficiently simulate a real 3D environment with intelligent objects able to sense and act. Furthermore, the apparition of micro-objects able to communicate forces such as a simulator to scale up in the number of simulated nodes. In this paper, we report the progresses made in the design of a new kind of simulator named VisibleSim. VisibleSim mixes a discrete-event core simulator with discrete-time functionnalities in the most efficient way so that simulations can scale up in numbers. Experiments show that VisibleSim can accurately and smoothly simulate 2 millions of nodes at a rate of 650k events/sec on a simple laptop.
Cyclo[8]pyrrole: A Simple-to-Make Expanded Porphyrin with No Meso Bridges (2002)

Easily obtained in a single step from bipyrrolic precursors in yields over 70 %, cyclo[8]pyrroles represent a new class of porphyrin analogues that display the classic disklike structure of porphyrins. The X-ray crystal structure of one of the cyclo[8]pyrroles obtained (see picture) shows that the macrocycle acts as a formal diprotonated receptor and forms eight hydrogen bonds to a sulfate ion bound within its core.
USE OF VON WILLEBRAND DISEASED KIDNEY AS DONOR IN A PIG-TO-PRIMATE MODEL OF XENOTRANSPLANTATION1 (1999)

The use of vWD organs did not improve the survival time of grafted kidneys in this xenotransplantation model. Further studies on the use of vWD organs, in association with other therapeutic approaches, such as complement inhibition, are nevertheless necessary to evaluate the usefulness of vWF deficiency as an adjunctive therapy to decrease the coagulation process during xenograft rejection.
Delineation of commonly deleted chromosomal regions in meningiomas by high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping arrays (2012)

Despite recent advances in the identification of the cytogenetic profiles of meningiomas, a significant group of tumors still show normal karyotypes or few chromosomal changes. The authors analyzed the cytogenetic profile of 50 meningiomas using fluorescence in situ hybridization and high-density (500 K) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Our results confirm that del(22q) (52%) and del(1p) (16%) (common deleted regions: 22q11.21-22q13.3. and 1p31.2-p36.33) are the most frequent alterations. Additionally, recurrent monosomy 14 (8%), del(6q) (10%), del(7p) (10%), and del(19q) (4%) were observed, while copy number patterns consistent with recurrent chromosomal gains, gene amplification, and copy number neutral loss of heterozygosity (cnLOH) were either absent or rare. Based on their overall SNP profiles, meningiomas could be classified into: (i) diploid cases, (ii) meningiomas with a single chromosomal change [e.g., monosomy 22/del(22q)] and (iii) tumors with ≥2 altered chromosomes. In summary, our results confirm and extend on previous observations showing that the most recurrent chromosomal abnormalities in meningiomas correspond to chromosome losses localized in chromosomes 1, 22 and less frequently in chromosomes 6, 7, 14, and 19, while chromosomal gains and cnLOH are restricted to a small proportion of cases. Finally, a set of cancer-associated candidate genes associated with the TP53, MYC, CASP3, HDAC1, and TERT signaling pathways was identified, in cases with coexisting monosomy 14 and del(1p).
Defect Promoted Capacity and Durability of N‐MnO2–x Branch Arrays via Low‐Temperature NH3 Treatment for Advanced Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries (2019)

Defect engineering (doping and vacancy) has emerged as a positive strategy to boost the intrinsic electrochemical reactivity and structural stability of MnO<sub>2</sub> -based cathodes of rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (RAZIBs). Currently, there is no report on the nonmetal element doped MnO<sub>2</sub> cathode with concomitant oxygen vacancies, because of its low thermal stability with easy phase transformation from MnO<sub>2</sub> to Mn<sub>3</sub> O<sub>4</sub> (≥300 °C). Herein, for the first time, novel N-doped MnO<sub>2-</sub> <sub>x</sub> (N-MnO<sub>2-</sub> <sub>x</sub> ) branch arrays with abundant oxygen vacancies fabricated by a facile low-temperature (200 °C) NH<sub>3</sub> treatment technology are reported. Meanwhile, to further enhance the high-rate capability, highly conductive TiC/C nanorods are used as the core support for a N-MnO<sub>2-</sub> <sub>x</sub> branch, forming high-quality N-MnO<sub>2-</sub> <sub>x</sub> @TiC/C core/branch arrays. The introduced N dopants and oxygen vacancies in MnO<sub>2</sub> are demonstrated by synchrotron radiation technology. By virtue of an integrated conductive framework, enhanced electron density, and increased surface capacitive contribution, the designed N-MnO<sub>2-</sub> <sub>x</sub> @TiC/C arrays are endowed with faster reaction kinetics, higher capacity (285 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.2 A g<sup>-1</sup> ) and better long-term cycles (85.7% retention after 1000 cycles at 1 A g<sup>-1</sup> ) than other MnO<sub>2</sub> -based counterparts (55.6%). The low-temperature defect engineering sheds light on construction of advanced cathodes for aqueous RAZIBs.
Densification of Zirconia–Hydroxyapatite Ceramics Without Phase Changes (2006)

Zirconia-hydroxyapatite (40-60 vol%) composites were sintered at different temperatures in air. The x-ray diffraction patterns of the sintered composites showed that hydroxyapatite began to decompose to tricalcium phosphate even below 950°C. The decomposition of hydroxyapatite also involved release of structural water, which was studied using thermogravimetric analysis. By reducing the loss of structural water from the hydroxyapatite, the phase stability of the hydroxyapatite could be increased. This allowed higher temperatures to be used during the densification process where dense composites without any detectable reactions where produced by hot isostatic pressing at 1200°C as well as with spark plasma sintering at 1100°C.
Dinuclear Iridium Complexes Containing Cp* and Carbonyl Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity (2009)

The syntheses of the monomeric cationic complexes [Cp*(CO)Ir(R)(CH2Cl2)] were attempted (Cp* = η5-C5Me5, R = Me, H). The target complexes were not obtained; instead, dimeric products were isolated in high yields. The reaction between Cp*(CO)Ir(Me)Cl and [Li(Et2O)2.5][BArF4] afforded the cationic complex [{Cp*(CO)Ir(Me)}2(μ-Cl)][BArF4] (4) in high yield. Complex 4 has been characterized by 1H NMR, 13C{1H} NMR, and IR spectroscopies. Reaction of Cp*(CO)Ir(H)2 with [CPh3][BArF4] produced the dicationic complex [Cp*(CO)Ir(μ-H)]2[BArF4]2 (9) in excellent yield. Complex 9 has been characterized by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopies as well as elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. An X-ray structural determination was also carried out on the related complex [Cp*(Cl)Ir(μ-H)]2 (14). The solid-state structures of 9 and 14 are compared briefly.
Unexpected cross-metathesis between Si–C and Si–Si bonds (1996)

In the presence of a palladium complex, the Si–C bond of [1] silaferrocenophane or 1-silacyclobutanes undergoes selective cross-metathesis reaction with the Si–Si bond of strained-cyclic or activated-acyclic disilanes.
Relating excitatory and inhibitory neurochemicals to visual perception: A magnetic resonance study of occipital cortex between migraine events (2019)

Certain perceptual measures have been proposed as indirect assays of brain neurochemical status in people with migraine. One such measure is binocular rivalry, however, previous studies have not measured rivalry characteristics and brain neurochemistry together in people with migraine. This study compared spectroscopy-measured levels of GABA and Glx (glutamine and glutamate complex) in visual cortex between 16 people with migraine and 16 non-headache controls, and assessed whether the concentration of these neurochemicals explains, at least partially, inter-individual variability in binocular rivalry perceptual measures. Mean Glx level was significantly reduced in migraineurs relative to controls, whereas mean occipital GABA levels were similar between groups. Neither GABA levels, nor Glx levels correlated with rivalry percept duration. Our results thus suggest that the previously suggested relationship between rivalry percept duration and GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmitter concentration in visual cortex is not strong enough to enable rivalry percept duration to be reliably assumed to be a surrogate for GABA concentration, at least in the context of healthy individuals and those that experience migraine.
Current State of Knowledge: Implications for Developmental Research—Key Issues (2007)

This is the final article in a series of five review articles and one editorial that summarizes the proceedings of the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders workshop on Outcomes Research in Children with Hearing Loss held December 12 and 13, 2006. The purpose of this article is to highlight the recommendations that emerged during the workshop, addressing the developmental needs of children with hearing impairment. The information in this summary is based on the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders workshop minutes available at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/funding/programs/hb/outcomes/recommendations.htm. General research issues focus on funding mechanisms, access to a sufficient population, experimental cohorts and control groups, research methods and outcomes, standardization of testing across agencies and intervention programs, and facilitating access to data. Discussion of those issues is followed by an outline that presents future needs in outcomes research, including research design, sources of variance, research needs and gaps, and development of measurement tools.
The use of proactive in-water grooming to improve the performance of ship hull antifouling coatings (2009)

The US Navy operates a large number of ships, however, unlike most commercial vessels they typically spend long periods of time in port where they may become fouled. This study investigated the feasibility of applying light cleaning (grooming) to maintain four surfaces free from fouling. The test surfaces were an ablative copper antifouling (AF) coating, a silicone fouling release (FR) coating, a two part marine epoxy, and a solid sheet of polytetrafluoroethylene plastic. The surfaces were exposed to static immersion in seawater on the East coast of Florida for 120 days and subjected to 3, 6, 12, and 24-day grooming intervals. Pre-groomed and post-groomed fouling conditions on each test surface were assessed and the maximum required lateral forces at each grooming event were measured. The results showed that grooming prevented or reduced the development of biofilm on the ablative copper coatings. The FR coatings that were groomed at the 3- and 6-day interval remained free from fouling until exposure to severe fouling pressure, which caused the 6-day interval to develop a small amount of fouling. Both the polytetrafluoroethylene and epoxy surfaces became fouled at all grooming frequencies, but fouling was reduced for the 3-day grooming frequency. The lateral forces required to groom the surfaces, with the exception of the FR coatings, increased with time. The results demonstrated that frequent grooming can have prolonged, positive effects on the AF performance of coatings.
High Speed Vision System Using Massively Parallel Processing (2005)

Abstruct-A visual processing system for early vision using massively parallel processing is described. The system named SPE-4k (Sensory Processing Element - 4k) has 64x64~4096 processing elements (PE’s) which are directly connected with photo detectors in parallel. Eight PE’s are integrated into an originally developed LSI. An mesh type networks is used for interconnection among PE’s. The system carries out input and processing of visual information at extremely high speed by using massively parallel processing. Edge detection using four neighborhoods, for example, can be done in 3.3~s. Since the PE is designed to be so compact that the system can be integrated, the system is regarded as a scale up model of integrated parallel processing vision system in future. In this paper, architectures of the parallel processing LSI and the SPE-4k system are shown. Processing performance of the system is evaluated by carrying out some applications on the system.
Megacell phenotype and its relation to metabolic alterations in transketolase deficient strain of Bacillus pumilus (2008)

Fermentation with transketolase (tkt) deficient strain of Bacillus is the only reported industrially viable process for production of D-ribose, a commercially important pentose sugar. In addition to direct effects of tkt deficiency, the mutation in non-oxidative part of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is known to display several unexpected physiological characteristics such as decreased ability to utilize D-glucose, altered carbon catabolite repression, lack of motility, etc. Here we demonstrate the morphological plasticity of tkt deficient strain of Bacillus pumilus ATCC 21951 and its possible relation with D-ribose productivity, a measure of carbon flux through PPP. The bacilli divide normally in nutrient rich media such as Luria-Bertani (LB) broth while showing cell elongation of up to 20-fold without a visible septum accompanied by moderate to high extracellular D-ribose accumulation in glucose-rich media. The cells stained with DAPI (4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and anti FtsZ antibody showed nucleoid separation and Z-ring formation in LB broth but not in glucose-rich media. FtsZ protein is known to localize at the future division site forming a ring, called Z-ring, at an early stage in cytokinesis. The strain experiences inhibition or delay in Z-ring formation resulting in cell elongation, possibly due to its altered cell membrane composition resulting from tkt deficiency. We hypothesize that the lack of PPP intermediates may have two effects on the strain: (i) altered the cell membrane leading to delay in Z-ring formation and cell elongation; and (ii) induction of genes of the oxidative part of PPP resulting in D-ribose accumulation. Nutrient rich media such as LB broth may alleviate these metabolite deficiencies thereby restoring normal cell division and inhibiting excessive D-ribose accumulation. The D-ribose productivity and cell elongation may therefore be co-morbid. The results have implications in designing optimal media and monitoring strategy based on morphological analysis.
Substrate Specificity of Adenine‐Specific Transfer RNA Methylase in Normal and Leukemic Tissues (1968)

High speed supernatant enzyme fractions derived from each of three tissues (livers and spleens of normal rats, and spleens of rats with the Dunning leukemia) were compared in their ability to transfer methyl groups from S ‐adenosyl‐methionine to Escherichia coli transfer‐RNA (tRNA). In comparison to the supernatant fractions from the normal tissues, that from leukemic spleen had a six‐fold higher tRNA methylase activity and methylated E. coli tRNA to a much higher extent. A tRNA methylase which methylated adenine in the 1‐position was isolated from each high speed supernatant fraction by DEAE‐cellulose and Sephadex G‐200 chromatography. Although the purified leukemic spleen enzyme contained six‐fold higher methylase activity, it methylated E. coli , yeast, and mammalian tRNA to the same extent as did the corresponding enzyme from normal liver or spleen. The normal and leukemic tissue enzyme preparations appeared to methylate the same sequences in E. coli tRNA, and could methylate this tRNA to an extent of about one methyl group per molecule. The results suggest that in comparison to that of normal tissue, 1‐adenine methylase in the leukemic spleen tissue is increased in activity but possesses identical substrate specificity.
A Massively Parallel Reservoir Simulator on the GPU Architecture (2021)

Abstract Reservoir simulation computational costs have been continuously growing due to high-resolution reservoir characterization, increasing model complexity, and uncertainty analysis workflows. Reducing simulation costs by upscaling is often necessary for operational requirements. Fast evolving High-Performance-Computing (HPC) technologies offer opportunities to reduce cost without compromising fidelity. This work presents a novel in-house massively parallel full-physics reservoir simulator running on the emerging graphics processing unit (GPU) architecture. Almost all the simulation kernels have been designed and implemented to honor the GPU single insruction, multiple data (SIMD) programming paradigm. These kernels include physical property calculations, phase equilibrium computations, Jacobian construction, linear and nonlinear solvers, and wells. Novel techniques are devised in various kernels to expose enough parallelism to ensure that the control and data-flow patterns are well suited for the GPU environment. Mixed-precision computation is also employed when appropriate (e.g., in derivative calculation) to reduce computational costs without compromising the solution accuracy. The GPU implementation of the simulator is tested and benchmarked using various reservoir models, ranging from the synthetic SPE10 Benchmark (Christie &amp; Blunt, 2001) to several industrial-scale models. These real field models range in size from tens of millions to hundreds of millions of cells with black-oil and multicomponent compositional fluid. The GPU simulator is benchmarked on the IBM AC922 massively parallel architecture having tens of Nvidia Volta V100 GPUs. To compare performance with CPU architectures, an optimized CPU implementation of the simulator is benchmarked on the IBM AC922 CPUs and on a cluster consisting of thousands of Intel Haswell-EP Xeon® CPU E5-2680 v3. Detailed analysis of several numerical experiments comparing the simulator performance on the GPU and the CPU architectures is presented. In almost all of the cases, the analysis shows that the use of hardware acceleration offers substantial benefits in terms of wall time and power consumption. This novel in-house full-physics, black-oil and compositional reservoir simulator employs several novel techniques in various simulation kernels to ensure full utilization of the GPU resources. Detailed analysis is presented to highlight the simulator performance in terms of runtime reduction, parallel scalability and power savings.
Control Communication Complexity of Distributed Actions (2012)

Recent papers have treated {\em control communication complexity} in the context of information-based, multiple agent control systems including nonlinear systems of the type that have been studied in connection with quantum information processing. The present paper continues this line of investigation into a class of two-agent distributed control systems in which the agents cooperate in order to realize common goals that are determined via independent actions undertaken individually by the agents. A basic assumption is that the actions taken are unknown in advance to the other agent. These goals can be conveniently summarized in the form of a {\em target matrix}, whose entries are computed by the control system responding to the choices of inputs made by the two agents. We show how to realize such target matrices for a broad class of systems that possess an input-output mapping that is bilinear. One can classify control-communication strategies, known as {\em control protocols}, according to the amount of information sharing occurring between the two agents. Protocols that assume no information sharing on the inputs that each agent selects and protocols that allow sufficient information sharing for identifying the common goals are the two extreme cases. Control protocols will also be evaluated and compared in terms of cost functionals given by integrated quadratic functions of the control inputs. The minimal control cost of the two classes of control protocols are analyzed and compared. The difference in the control costs between the two classes reflects an inherent trade-off between communication complexity and control cost.
Overapproximating the reachable sets of LTI systems through a similarity transformation (2010)

We present a decomposition method for complexity reduction in reachability analysis and controller synthesis based on a series of transformations. The decomposition is guaranteed to yield weakly-coupled (lower dimensional) subsystems with disjoint control input across them. Reachable sets, computed independently for each subsystem, are back-projected and intersected to yield an overapproximation of the actual reachable set. Using an example we show that significant reduction in the computational costs can be achieved. This technique has considerable potential utility for use in conjunction with computationally intensive reachability tools.