gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Postnatal development of the human sternum. (1998)

Postnatal development and maturation of the human sternum are highly variable. Endochondral ossification centers (sternebrae) form within each cartilaginous segment of the sternum, with each center enveloped by a spherical growth plate. Within a cartilaginous center there may be either one or two ossification centers, those with two centers retaining and reflecting features of their bilateral embryonic origin. Malaligned bifid centers are clearly associated with rib articulation asymmetry as well. Expansion of individual ossification centers progresses within the peripheral cartilaginous domains of the sternum. With respect to the rostrocaudal axis, sternebrae form between the costosternal articulations. Consistent with the biology of endochondral transition, cartilage canals are evident throughout unossified regions of the hyaline matrix. Expanding ossification of adjacent sternebrae results in depletion of the common area of cartilage between the two sternebrae, and eventually in physiologic epiphysiodesis. Fusion of the mesosternebrae reciprocates the initial pattern of sternebral ossification site appearance, proceeding in a caudal-to-cranial direction. Union of adjacent sternebrae, initiated through a central osseous bridge, progresses through anterior, lateral, cephalocaudal, and posterior domains to achieve synostosis. Accessory and bifid centers of ossification within the same intercostal space coalesce prior to adjoining adjacent sternebrae. Manubriosternal fusion is rare due to the presence of a fibrocartilaginous joint restricting ossification. The xiphoid process remains connected to the most caudal mesosternum via a common zone of hyaline cartilage that ossifies by middle to late adulthood. A single pattern of development does not appear fundamental to successful growth of the sternum, as morphological variants were common.
Titanium Corrosion by a Hot Perfluoropolyether (1980)

Abstract The kinetics and mechanism of titanium corrosion by Krytox MLO-71-6 are reported. The rate of corrosion is found to be dependent on the presence of molecular oxygen in the environment. For titanium corrosion to occur, the lubricant chains must first break down into smaller reactive molecules. This degradation process is accelerated by TiF3 corrosion products on the metal surface, thus giving rise to a chain mechanism. The corrosion is not promoted by intense CW laser illumination at λ = 514nm.
Association Between Mortality and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators by Aetiology of Heart Failure: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of the WARCEF Trial (2019)

The presence of ICD is associated with a survival benefit in patients with ICM but not in those with NICM.
Composite Cover Picture with Contributions from Five Authors (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 34/2009) (2009)

Abstract The cover picture depicts not only the internationality of the polyoxometalate community, well‐reflected at the International Polyoxometalate Symposium (Jacobs University, Bremen July 28–August 1, 2009) on which this cluster issue is based, but also the huge scope of these compounds. The diversity of aspects in this issue is highlighted on the cover by a selection of graphics placed over the country of origin of the authors. Structural features (M. T. Pope et al.), mechanisms of formation (J. Poblet et al.), homogeneous oxidation catalysis (O. Kholdeeva et al.), design of enantioselective catalysts (M. Bonchio et al.) and photochemistry based analytical techniques (T. Yamase et al.) are some of the topics you will find. Mr Rami Al‐Oweini (Jacobs University) is thanked for his creative design.
Percutaneous Left Atrial Venting for Prevention of Pulmonary Edema under Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy (2018)

Background: ECMO therapy as a short-term mechanical circulatory support increased in the last recent years. Besides ischemia of distal limbs and infections main complications include pulmonary edema. This results from a closed aortic valve and a low ejection fraction making weaning or bridging to a durable left ventricular assist device difficult. Pneumonia and pneumonic sepsis following pulmonary edema are associated with high mortality.
Identification of VKORC1 interaction partners by split-ubiquitin system and coimmunoprecipitation (2010)

Since the discovery of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1), the key enzyme for the regeneration of vitamin KH₂, numerous studies have addressed the role of VKORC1 in the posttranslational modification of vitamin K-dependent proteins. VKORC1 is also the target protein of anticoagulant drugs of the coumarin type (e.g. warfarin). Genetic variants in VKORC1 have recently been shown to significantly affect the coumarin dose and international normalised ratio level. In the present study, we have used the split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system to identify potential interaction partners of VKORC1. With this system we could identify 90 candidates. Out of these, we focused on VKORC1 itself, its paralog VKORC1L1, emopamil binding protein (EBP) and stress-associated endoplasmic reticulum protein 1 (SERP1). By coimmunprecipitation and colocalisation experiments, we were able to demonstrate evidence for the interaction of these proteins. Mutations in the EBP gene cause X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX2) which can be considered as a phenocopy of warfarin embryopathy. The interaction could be a link between these phenotypes. SERP1 represents an oxidative stress-associated endoplasmatic reticulum protein with chaperon-like functions. Antioxidant capacities have been described for vitamin K hydroquinone, the substrate of VKORC1. Both VKORC1 and SERP1, might have a synergistic function in eliminating reactive oxygen species generated during the VKOR redox process. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of these proteins in the vitamin K pathway.
A Model-free Learning Approach for Coordinated Configuration of Virtual Machines and Appliances (2011)

Cloud computing has a key requirement for resource configuration in a real-time manner. In such virtualized environments, both virtual machines (VMs) and hosted applications need to be configured on-the-fly to adapt to system dynamics. The interplay between the layers of VMs and applications further complicates the problem of cloud configuration. Independent tuning of each aspect may not lead to optimal system wide performance. In this paper, we propose a framework, namely CoTuner, for coordinated configuration of VMs and resident applications. At the heart of the framework is a model-free hybrid reinforcement learning (RL) approach, which combines the advantages of Simplex and RL methods and is further enhanced by the use of system knowledge guided exploration policies. Experimental results on Xen-based virtualized environments with TPC-W and TPC-C benchmarks demonstrate that CoTuner is able to drive a virtual server system into an optimal or near optimal configuration state dynamically, in response to the change of workload. It improves the systems throughput by more than 30% over independent tuning strategies. In comparison with the coordinated tuning strategies based solely on Simplex or basic RL algorithm, the hybrid RL algorithm gains 30% to 40% throughput improvement. Moreover, the algorithm is able to reduce SLA violation of the applications by more than 80%.
Protein de novo Design (1996)

The ultimate goal in protein de novo design is the construction of artificial proteins exhibiting tailor-made structural and functional properties. To create native-like macromolecules in copying nature's way has proven to be difficult because the mechanism of folding in its complexity has yet to be unraveled. In order to bypass the well-known folding problem, we have developed the concept of template assembled synthetic proteins (TASP); this meanwhile widely accepted strategy uses topological templates as 'built-in' devices for the induction of well-defined folding topologies. Progress in synthetic strategies, e.g., chemoselective ligation methods and orthogonal protection techniques open the way for the design of more complex TASP molecules featuring functional properties such as membrane channels, vaccines, catalysts, receptors, or ligands.
Experimental Analysis of Space-Bounded Schedulers (2016)

The running time of nested parallel programs on shared-memory machines depends in significant part on how well the scheduler mapping the program to the machine is optimized for the organization of caches and processor cores on the machine. Recent work proposed “space-bounded schedulers” for scheduling such programs on the multilevel cache hierarchies of current machines. The main benefit of this class of schedulers is that they provably preserve locality of the program at every level in the hierarchy, which can result in fewer cache misses and better use of bandwidth than the popular work-stealing scheduler. On the other hand, compared to work stealing, space-bounded schedulers are inferior at load balancing and may have greater scheduling overheads, raising the question as to the relative effectiveness of the two schedulers in practice. In this article, we provide the first experimental study aimed at addressing this question. To facilitate this study, we built a flexible experimental framework with separate interfaces for programs and schedulers. This enables a head-to-head comparison of the relative strengths of schedulers in terms of running times and cache miss counts across a range of benchmarks. (The framework is validated by comparisons with the Intel® Cilk™ Plus work-stealing scheduler.) We present experimental results on a 32-core Xeon® 7560 comparing work stealing, hierarchy-minded work stealing, and two variants of space-bounded schedulers on both divide-and-conquer microbenchmarks and some popular algorithmic kernels. Our results indicate that space-bounded schedulers reduce the number of L3 cache misses compared to work-stealing schedulers by 25% to 65% for most of the benchmarks, but incur up to 27% additional scheduler and load-imbalance overhead. Only for memory-intensive benchmarks can the reduction in cache misses overcome the added overhead, resulting in up to a 25% improvement in running time for synthetic benchmarks and about 20% improvement for algorithmic kernels. We also quantify runtime improvements varying the available bandwidth per core (the “bandwidth gap”) and show up to 50% improvements in the running times of kernels as this gap increases fourfold. As part of our study, we generalize prior definitions of space-bounded schedulers to allow for more practical variants (while still preserving their guarantees) and explore implementation tradeoffs.
Porosity effects on low-k dielectric film strength and interfacial adhesion (2003)

The elastic modulus and hardness of low k dielectric films rapidly decrease as porosity increases. By contrast, interfacial adhesion is relatively insensitive to porosity. Adhesion energy values measured by the four-point bend method are similar for porous and non-porous films. Additionally, interfacial adhesion is much stronger for polymer films than for organosiloxane films, regardless of porosity. E-beam treatments significantly improve the modulus and hardness of porous organosiloxane films, sacrificing only a slight increase in dielectric constant. Solid-state NMR and pore size measurements indicate that the improved mechanical properties result from a cross-linking mechanism rather than macroscopic densification. TOFSIMS results show that the increased dielectric constant results from carbon loss and an increase in silanol concentration. E-beam treatments, however, do not improve interfacial adhesion significantly.
Soluble TRAIL in normal pregnancy and acute pyelonephritis: a potential explanation for the susceptibility of pregnant women to microbial products and infection (2013)

Women with uncomplicated pregnancies are associated with a significantly lower mean maternal plasma concentration of sTRAIL than that observed in non-pregnant women. Moreover, a further decrease in plasma sTRAIL concentration was observed in pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis, and this could account, at least in part, for the exaggerated intravascular inflammatory response previously reported in pyelonephritis during pregnancy.
Dog conservation and the population genetic structure of dogs (2013)

Abstract This chapter examines the population of different genetic structures of dogs. It identifies the genetic and phenotypic distinctiveness of modern breed dogs and free-breeding dog populations. It provides an answer to what one might want to conserve and why. It also summarizes the current state of dog diversity.
Global enterprise cloud transformation: Centralize, distribute or federate? (2013)

Cloud computing rapidly gains popularity as a cost-efficient way of provisioning and consuming IT services. There are two fundamental cloud computing deployment paradigms: public and private. While public cloud has gone a long way since the concept inception, it still fails short on a number of enterprise requirements. We believe that in the foreseeable future the private cloud model, in which the cloud is fully owned by the company and serves users from this company only, will remain the dominant one in the enterprise. While agility is achieved in a private cloud by using virtualization, automation, and self-service, the economic model of a private cloud is not as clear as that of the public one. In this position paper, our focus is on qualitatively analyzing organizational and business factors affecting the cost-effectiveness of private clouds for global enterprises. We analyze the global enterprise structure, which often comprises an overwhelmingly complex and intertwined networks of global organizations, and suggest a simple classification model, reflecting the private cloud maturity levels. We discuss technological and organizational issues arising at each level of maturity and outline a research agenda to address pain points in private cloud computing.
Clinically relevant interpretation of genotype for resistance to abacavir (2003)

We developed a new strategy for the analysis of correlation between genotype profile at baseline and virologic response.
MicroRNA‑124 acts as a tumor‑suppressive miRNA by inhibiting the expression of Snail2 in osteosarcoma (2018)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of hsa-microRNA-124-3p (miR-124) in osteosarcoma (OS), and examine its role in cell growth and invasion. Using a microRNA chip array, the expression of miR-124 was detected in samples of surgically resected OS and matched against the levels of expression in tumor-adjacent normal tissues. The levels of miR-124 were upregulated in the OS cells through the transfection of miR-124 mimics. Cell proliferation and Transwell assays were performed to determine cell proliferation and invasion; Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot and luciferase assays were then used to detect the expression of the target gene snail family zinc finger 2 (Snail2). The expression of miR-124 was significantly lower in the OS tissues, compared with that in the tumor-adjacent normal tissues; and the expression of miR-124 in the tumor tissues was significantly associated with tumor size. miR-124 directly repressed the expression of Snail2, and resulted in a significant inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion. In a mouse model, the overexpression of miR-124 significantly inhibited U2OS cell proliferation and invasion. Taken together, miR-124 was associated with the adverse clinical and pathological features observed in OS. It acted as a tumor suppressor to regulate the proliferation and invasion of OS cells by targeting Snail2, suggesting that miR-124 may be key in the progression of OS.
Design of a force-feedback touch-inducing actuator for teleoperator robot control (1983)

Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1983.
Structural Basis for Pattern Recognition by the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) (2008)

The receptor for advanced glycated end products (RAGE) is a multiligand receptor that is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including diabetic complications, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory responses. The ability of RAGE to recognize advanced glycated end products (AGEs) formed by nonenzymatic glycoxidation of cellular proteins places RAGE in the category of pattern recognition receptors. The structural mechanism of AGE recognition was an enigma due to the diversity of chemical structures found in AGE-modified proteins. Here, using NMR spectroscopy we showed that the immunoglobulin V-type domain of RAGE is responsible for recognizing various classes of AGEs. Three distinct surfaces of the V domain were identified to mediate AGE-V domain interactions. They are located in the positively charged areas of the V domain. The first interaction surface consists of strand C and loop CC ', the second interaction surface consists of strand C ', strand F, and loop FG, and the third interaction surface consists of strand A ' and loop EF. The secondary structure elements of the interaction surfaces exhibit significant flexibility on the ms-micros time scale. Despite highly specific AGE-V domain interactions, the binding affinity of AGEs for an isolated V domain is low, approximately 10 microm. Using in-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer we show that RAGE is a constitutive oligomer on the plasma membrane. We propose that constitutive oligomerization of RAGE is responsible for recognizing patterns of AGE-modified proteins with affinities less than 100 nm.
Origin of the Anomalous {10\\bar12} Twinning during Tensile Deformation of Mg Alloy Sheet (2008)

In order to understand the origin of the anomalous twinning of the {10\\bar12} type, rolled sheets of AZ31 Mg alloy were deformed at room temperature in tension along the rolling direction. An excellent correlation was found between {10\\bar12} twinning tendency and basal dislocation slip activity. Calculation of strain tensor indicated that the diagonal strain components associated with the localized basal slip can be canceled completely by the {10\\bar12} twinning. The results led to the conclusion that anomalous {10\\bar12} twins were formed to accommodate the strain incompatibility caused by localized basal dislocation slip.
Systematics of Disorder in Quasiperiodic Material (1986)

We report new x-ray scattering data on AlMn alloys. None of our samples are perfect quasicrystals; all have finite-width x-ray peaks. Specific preparation techniques lead to samples with peak widths which correlate strongly with ${G}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ (phason momentum). We show that the data are consistent with either frozen-in phason strain or random icosahedral packing. These two models predict surprisingly similar but potentially distinguishable scattering widths, differing in their detailed dependence on ${G}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$.
Synthesis and Stabilization of Subnanometric Gold Oxide Nanoparticles on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Their Catalytic Activity (2011)

Small gold nanoclusters in a very narrow size distribution (1.1 ± 0.5 nm) have been stabilized onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Theoretical studies supported by XPS and (16)O(2)/(18)O(2) isotopic exchange experiments have shown that, on small gold nanoparticles (0.9-1.5 nm), dissociation of molecular O(2) and formation of a surface oxide-like layer is energetically favorable and occurs at room temperature, while O(2) recombination and desorption involves a larger activation barrier. CO titration experiments and theoretical studies demonstrate that the reactivity of the oxidized particles toward CO does not only depend on particle size but also on oxygen coverage. The oxidation-reduction process described is reversible, and the oxidized nanoparticles are active in the epoxidation of styrene with air.
Printed circuit boards : design, fabrication, assembly and testing (2006)

Chapter 1: Basics Chapter 2: Electronic Components Chapter 3: Layout Planning & Design Chapter 4: Design Considerations for Special Circuits Chapter 5: Artwork Generation Chapter 6: Copper Clad Laminates Chapter 7: Image Transfer Techniques Chapter 8: Plating Process Chapter 9: Etching Techniques Chapter 10: Mechanical Operations Chapter 11: Flexible Printed Circuit Boards Chapter 12: Soldering, Assembly, and Re-working Techniques Chapter 13: Quality, Reliability, and Acceptability Aspects Chapter 14: Environmental Concerns in the PCB Industry
CALIFORNIA GULL: A Comparative Plumage Study (1943)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Tension and Stiffness of the Hard Sphere Crystal-Fluid Interface (2012)

A combination of fundamental measure density functional theory and Monte Carlo computer simulation is used to determine the orientation-resolved interfacial tension and stiffness for the equilibrium hard-sphere crystal-fluid interface. Microscopic density functional theory is in quantitative agreement with simulations and predicts a tension of 0.66k(B)T/σ(2) with a small anisotropy of about 0.025k(B)T and stiffnesses with, e.g., 0.53k(B)T/σ(2) for the (001) orientation and 1.03k(B)T/σ(2) for the (111) orientation. Here k(B)T is denoting the thermal energy and σ the hard-sphere diameter. We compare our results with existing experimental findings.
Hepatitis delta virus genotypes I and II cocirculate in an endemic area of Yakutia, Russia (2001)

Currently, three genotypes of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) are described. The most common, genotype I, has a worldwide distribution; in contrast, genotype II has been found previously only in Japan and Taiwan, while genotype III is found exclusively in South America. Considering the high prevalence of HDV in Northern Siberia (Russia), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to analyse HDV genotypes from 29 infected patients living in Yakutia. Of these isolates, 11 were characterized by partial nucleotide sequencing and two isolates were completely sequenced. Phylogenetic inference methods included maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and distance analyses. A restriction pattern consistent with HDV genotype I was found in 14 samples, while the remaining 15 showed a different restriction pattern, inconsistent with any known genotype. Five Yakutian HDV isolates with the type I restriction pattern were sequenced and confirmed to be affiliated with genotype I, although the phylogenetic results indicate that they were heterogeneous and did not cluster together. Sequencing of eight isolates with the new RFLP pattern revealed that these isolates were most closely related to HDV genotype II. In contrast to HDV Yakutian genotype I sequences, all of these type II sequences formed a well-defined clade on phylogenetic trees. Comparison of clinical presentations during hospitalization between patients infected with HDV type I (n=14) and type II (n=15) did not reveal any differences in the severity of infection. These data indicate that the distribution of genotype II is not restricted to Taiwan or Japan, but spreads over Northern Asia, appearing in the native population of Yakutia. Type II Yakutian strains appeared to form a well-defined subclade and could be associated with severe chronic hepatitis in this area.
Kinematic Modelling and Isotropic Conditions of a Family of Translational Parallel Manipulators (2003)

This paper presents a unified kinematic model of a family of four different topologies of translational parallel manipulators of general geometry. With this unified model, it becomes possible to implement kinematic synthesis algorithms that can take both geometrical and topological parameters as design variables. Using this model, we derive a single set of algebraic equations representing the necessary and sufficient geometrical conditions to obtain isotropic translational parallel manipulators. An isotropic configuration allows the best mechanical transmission of the motion from the actuators to the end-effector.