gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelet transforms for bioacoustic signal processing (1999)

Wavelet transforms (WT) are natural tools for analysis of bioacoustic signals. In analysis of transient signals and nonstationary stochastic processes it is important to know not only what are the frequency content transients but when did these transient signals occur. The importance of representation of signals on the time-frequency plane, not only on frequency or time axes, is now widely accepted. Linear time-frequency analysis of transient signals (signals with time-varying frequency content) can be based on short-time Fourier transforms (STFT) and generalized Gabor transforms (GT). Wavelet transform analysis is analogous to STFT and GT analysis, except WTs represent signals on time and scale plane. In time-frequency analysis there is a tradeoff between time and frequency resolution. WTs have the advantage that they have constant time-frequency resolution over a wide frequency range. WT represent constant fractional or constant Q frequency analysis, thus efficiently analyzing a wideband of frequencies. Continuous wavelet transforms are linear transforms that can be inverted. In this tutorial paper basic properties of continuous and discrete wavelet transforms are reviewed, basic issues between Fourier transform techniques are discussed and disadvantages and advantages of WT are pointed out. [Work supported by ONR, Code 333.]
Service Chaining using Virtual Networks with BGP VPNs (2015)

This document describes how service function chains (SFC) can be
applied to traffic flows using routing in a virtual (overlay) network
to steer traffic between service nodes. Chains can include services
running in routers, on physical appliances or in virtual machines.
Service chains have applicability at the subscriber edge, business
edge and in multi-tenant datacenters. The routing function into SFCs
and between service functions within an SFC can be performed by
physical devices (routers), be virtualized inside hypervisors, or run
as part of a host OS. A BGP control plane for route distribution is
used to create virtual networks implemented using IP MPLS, VXLAN or
other suitable encapsulation, where the routes within the virtual
networks cause traffic to flow through a sequence of service nodes
that apply packet processing functions to the flows. Two techniques
are described: in one the service chain is implemented as a sequence
of distinct VPNs between sets of service nodes that apply each service
function; in the other, the routes within a VPN are modified through
the use of special route targets and modified next-hop resolution to
achieve the desired result. In both techniques, service chains can be
created by manual configuration of routes and route targets in routing
systems, or through the use of a controller which contains a
topological model of the desired service chains. This document also
contains discussion of load balancing between network functions,
symmetric forward and reverse paths when stateful services are
involved, and use of classifiers to direct traffic into a service
chain.
Fibromyalgia in Health Care Worker During COVID-19 Outbreak in Saudi Arabia (2021)

<b>Background:</b> In the face of the contemporary COVID-19 pandemic, health service providers have emerged as the most at-risk individuals who are likely to contract the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). <b>Aim:</b> To measure the prevalence of fibromyalgia (FM) during COVID outbreak among health workers in Saudi Arabia using FiRST and LFESSQ tool. <b>Methods:</b> The study employed a cross-sectional methodology to explore the prevalence of Fibromyalgia among health workers at different health care settings in Saudi Arabia. The assessment of the prevalence of fibromyalgia among health worker was determined by using the Fibromyalgia Rapid Screening Tool (FiRST) and London Fibromyalgia Epidemiological Study Screening Questionnaire (LFESSQ) questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. <b>Results:</b> The sample size included 992 participants. The prevalence of fibromyalgia using FiRST and LFESSQ was 12.6 and 19.8%, respectively. In this study, the prevalence of fibromyalgia was higher in females when compared to males. Most of the respondents have Vitamin D deficiency. The relationship of fibromyalgia was significantly associated with the participants who worked during an outbreak, who covered COVID-19 inpatient, covered in-hospital on call and in area quarantine. <b>Conclusion:</b> The study's findings demonstrate that the prevalence of Fibromyalgia among health service providers during the current COVID-19 pandemic is considerably higher and that there are potential interventions that may be employed to mitigate the prevalence of the infection during the COVID-19 crisis.
The First Selective and Efficient Transport of Imide-Containing Nucleosides and Nucleotides by Lipophilic Cyclen−Zinc(II) Complexes (Cyclen = 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane) (1998)

Zinc(II) complexes (ZnL) of macrocyclic tetramines, cyclens, bearing alkyl chains of four different lengths (propyl, octyl, dodecyl, and hexadecyl) have been tested as new carriers for highly selective extraction and transport of imide-containing nucleosides and nucleotides (L = cyclen = 1-alkyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane). The most lipophilic Zn2+−hexadecylcyclen was found to most effectively extract thymidine (dT) from an aqueous solution into a CHCl3 layer, while it did not extract other nucleobase derivatives (C, A, and G) at all. More lipophilic thymidine derivatives (HS) such as 3‘-azido-3‘-deoxythymidine (AZT), 1-methylthymine (1-MeT), and ftorafur (Ff) were almost quantitatively extracted by an equivalent amount of Zn2+−hexadecylcyclen. The 1H NMR spectra of the CDCl3-extracted AZT by Zn2+−hexadecylcyclen confirmed the formation of the 1:1 complex (S-−ZnL) bound through imide-N- anion and zinc(II) cation (S- denotes the deprotonated dT derivatives). While apparent 1:1 complexation constants, log Kapp (Kapp(S-−ZnL) = [S-−ZnL]/[(HS + S-)free][ZnL free] (M-1)), for Zn2+−octylcyclen with dT and AZT at pH 7.6 are the same value of 3.4 ± 0.1 (determined by potentiometric pH titration) in aqueous solution at 25 °C with I = 0.1 (NaNO3), the log Kapp values for Zn2+−hexadecylcyclen with dT and AZT in the presence of a neutral detergent Triton X-100 (10 mM) at pH 7.6 (50 mM HEPES with I = 0.1 (NaNO3)) and 25 °C are 3.3 ± 0.1 and 4.4 ± 0.1, respectively (determined by isothermal calorimetric titration). These results support the observation that the extraction of AZT with Zn2+−hexadecylcyclen is more favorable than that of dT. The CHCl3-extracted dT was more easily released into an acidic (pH 6.0) aqueous solution than AZT. As a support of the extraction experiments, the transport of dT and AZT (1 mM) from a pH 9.0 aqueous solution (Aq I) to a pH 5.0 aqueous solution (Aq II) mediated by a liquid CHCl3 membrane containing 1 mM Zn2+−hexadecylcyclen was carried out.
An Online High Sensitivity Measurement System for Transuranic Aerosols (1977)

A measurement system for transuranic aerosols has been designed that will be able to withstand the corrosive nature of stack effluents and yet have extremely high sensitivity. It will be capable of measuring 1 maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of plutonium or americium in 30 minutes with a fractional standard deviation of less than 0.33. Background resulting from 218Po is eliminated by alpha energy discrimination and a decay scheme analysis. A microprocessor controls all data acquisition, data reduction, and instrument calibration.
The Latent Heat of Vaporization of a Widely Diverse Class of Fluids (1984)

Technical Briefs The Latent Heat of Vaporization of a Widely Diverse Class of Fluids S. Torquato, S. Torquato Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C. 27650 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P. Smith P. Smith Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information S. Torquato Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C. 27650 P. Smith Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University J. Heat Transfer. Feb 1984, 106(1): 252-254 (3 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3246648 Published Online: February 1, 1984 Article history Received: June 22, 1983 Online: October 20, 2009
Spatial clustering during memory search. (2012)

In recalling a list of previously experienced items, participants are known to organize their responses on the basis of the items' semantic and temporal similarities. Here, we examine how spatial information influences the organization of responses in free recall. In Experiment 1, participants studied and subsequently recalled lists of landmarks. In Experiment 2, participants played a game in which they delivered objects to landmarks in a virtual environment and later recalled the delivered objects. Participants in both experiments were simply asked to recall as many items as they could remember in any order. By analyzing the conditional probabilities of recall transitions, we demonstrate strong spatial and temporal organization of studied items in both experiments.
SELECTIVITY AND MECHANISM OF DIIMIDE REDUCTIONS (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSELECTIVITY AND MECHANISM OF DIIMIDE REDUCTIONSE. E. Van Tamelen, R. S. Dewey, M. F. Lease, and W. H. PirkleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 20, 4302Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01481a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01481a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1054Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Toxicity of Nanoparticles in the Eye (2007)

The eye is a superb organ in which to utilize therapeutic nanomaterials. Some of the disease processes that occur in the eye are defects in basement membrane, ischemic events, neovascularization, inflammatory events, and neuronal degenerations. Ocular diseases affect a myriad of cell types including cells of fibroblast origin, endothelial cells, glia, monocyte origin dendritic cells, and neurons. The eye also has a clear medium allowing light to enter the eye and stimulate sensory retinal neurons, photoreceptors, and finally the brain (Fig. 1). In being a clear medium, the investigator can assess the effects of therapeutic nanomaterials in vivo in real time. The most common diseases of the eye are conjunctivitis, cataracts, glaucoma, ischemic retinopathies (ex. diabetic and sickle cell retinopathies) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
A rapid and cost‐effective multiplex ARMS‐PCR method for the simultaneous genotyping of the circulating SARS‐CoV‐2 phylogenetic clades (2021)

Tracing the globally circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) phylogenetic clades by high-throughput sequencing is costly, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. We here propose a rapid, simple, and cost-effective amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-based multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to identify six distinct phylogenetic clades: S, L, V, G, GH, and GR. Our multiplex PCR is designed in a mutually exclusive way to identify V-S and G-GH-GR clade variants separately. The pentaplex assay included all five variants and the quadruplex comprised of the triplex variants alongside either V or S clade mutations that created two separate subsets. The procedure was optimized with 0.2-0.6 µM primer concentration, 56-60°C annealing temperature, and 3-5 ng/µl complementary DNA to validate on 24 COVID-19-positive samples. Targeted Sanger sequencing further confirmed the presence of the clade-featured mutations with another set of primers. This multiplex ARMS-PCR assay is a fast, low-cost alternative and convenient to discriminate the circulating phylogenetic clades of SARS-CoV-2.
Enabling Immersive Visual Communications through Distributed Video Coding (2013)

International audience
The microstructure of sputter‐deposited coatings (1986)

Microstructure is a critical consideration when polycrystalline or amorphous thin films are used for applications such as microcircuit metallization layers and diffusion barriers. The trend in device fabrication toward lower processing temperatures means that such coatings must often be deposited at substrate temperatures T that are low relative to the coating material melting point Tm. The structure of vapor deposited coatings grown under these conditions consists typically of a columnar growth structure, defined by voided open boundaries, which is superimposed on a microstructure which may be polycrystalline (defined by metallurgical grain boundaries) or amorphous. The voided growth structure is clearly undesirable for most applications. Its occurrence is a fundamental consequence of atomic shadowing acting in concert with the low adatom mobilities that characterize low T/Tm deposition, and its formation can be enhanced by the surface irregularities which are common to microcircuit fabrication. This paper reviews some of the recent developments in understanding the fundamental aspects of the relationship between the deposition conditions and the microstructure of sputter‐deposited thin films, with particular emphasis on the origin of the growth structure and its suppression through energetic particle bombardment.
On the structure, convergence and performance of an adaptive I/Q mismatch corrector (2003)

The I/Q mismatches in quadrature radio receivers results in finite and usually insufficient image rejection, degrading the performance greatly. We present a detailed analysis of a blind-source separation (BSS) based mismatch corrector in terms of its structure, convergence and performance. The results indicate that mismatch can be effectively compensated during normal operation and also in rapidly changing environments. Since the compensation is carried out before any modulation specific processing, the proposed method works with all standard modulation formats and is amenable to low-power implementations.
Automatic reaction network using chemo-informatics (2011)

Large-scale detailed kinetic models find increasing use in the modeling of combustion processes, atmospheric chemistry, soot formation, and other areas of industrial or environmental interest.The enormous amount of reaction possibilities in these chemical processes lead to complex reaction networks consisting of hundreds of unique species and thousands of unique reactions.The manual construction of these networks is therefore in most cases impossible, and in the few cases it is possible it remains tedious and errorprone.Hence, automatic generation of a chemical reaction network is particularly useful for these complex reactive processes such as pyrolysis, gasification, oxidation, combustion, etc.
Effectiveness of liposomal paclitaxel against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (2010)

Paclitaxel is an effective chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used for the treatment of several cancers, including breast, ovarian, and non-small-cell lung cancer. Due to its high lipophilicity, paclitaxel is difficult to administer and requires solubilization with Cremophor EL (polyethoxylated castor oil) and ethanol, which often lead to adverse side effects, including life-threatening anaphylaxis. Incorporation of paclitaxel in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine:dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPC:DMPG) liposomes can facilitate its delivery to cancer cells and eliminate the adverse reactions associated with the Cremophor EL vehicle. Accordingly, the effectiveness of liposomal paclitaxel on MCF-7 breast cancer cells was examined. The results from this study showed that (i) the lipid components of the liposomal formulation were nontoxic, (ii) the cytotoxic effects of liposomal paclitaxel were improved when compared with those seen with conventional paclitaxel, and (iii) the intracellular paclitaxel levels were higher in MCF-7 cells treated with the liposomal paclitaxel formulation. The results of these studies showed that delivery of paclitaxel as a liposomal formulation could be a promising strategy for enhancing its chemotherapeutic effects.
Therapeutic Potential of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Cerebral Palsy (2012)

Background. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a severe disabling disease with worldwide incidence being 2 to 3 per 1000 live births. CP was considered as a noncurable, nonreparative disorder, but stem cell therapy offers a potential treatment for CP. Objective. The present study evaluates the safety and efficacy of autologous bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BMMNCs) transplantation in CP patient. Material and Methods. In the present study, five infusions of autologous stem cells were injected intrathecally. Changes in neurological deficits and improvements in function were assessed using Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS-E&R) scale. Results. Significant motor, sensory, cognitive, and speech improvements were observed. Bowel and bladder control has been achieved. On the GMFCS-E&R level, the patient was promoted from grade III to I. Conclusion. In this study, we report that intrathecal infusion of autologous BMMNCs seems to be feasible, effective, and safe with encouraging functional outcome improvements in CP patient.
A distributed combined heat and power plant control unit (1997)

Nyckelord Keywords Rapporttyp Report: category Licentiatavhandling C-uppsats D-uppsats vrig rapport Sprk Language Svenska/Swedish Engelska/English ISBN Serietitel och serienummer Title of series, numbering URL fr elektronisk version Titel Title Frfattare Author Datum Date Avdelning, Institution Division, department Department of Electrical Engineering ISRN Examensarbete ISSN LiTH-ISY-EX95 -11-01/lli Division of Vehicular Systems 1822 A distributed combined heat and power plant control unit. Today it is of great importance that we have a good supply of heat and electricity in all situations. For this reason ABB Powerman AB has designed a miniaturized distributed combined heat and power plant that can be run on different fuels that can easily be extracted from the environment, for example digester or landfill gas. Because of the small size and the possibility to select and change the type of fule the power plant can be placed almost anywhere. It produces ...
Tumor‐specific but not nonspecific cell‐free circulating DNA can be used to monitor disease response in lymphoma (2011)

Recently, nontumor specific circulating DNA was shown to be elevated in a broad range of lymphomas, implicating a role as a potential biomarker. Epstein-Barr virus' (EBV) presence within a proportion of lymphomas implies EBV-DNA has potential as a lymphoma-specific disease response biomarker. However, application would be restricted to EBV-associated lymphomas. Neither detailed comparison has been performed of lymphoma-specific versus nonspecific DNA as disease response biomarkers nor have the kinetics of circulating DNA during treatment been established, and the optimal methodology remains unknown. We prospectively evaluated DNA levels and clinical response of 63 lymphoma patients. DNA was measured in paired serum, plasma, and cell samples at five predetermined time-points taken prior, during and following treatment. Both cell-free (c-f) circulating EBV-DNA (in EBV-associated lymphoma) and nonspecific c-f DNA levels (in all lymphomas) were elevated and discriminatory at presentation compared to healthy controls. Nonspecific c-f DNA was significantly associated with baseline serum lactate dehydrogenase. Within EBV-associated lymphomas at presentation, there was a strong correlation between specific and nonspecific circulating c-f DNA (r = 0.9, P < 0.0001). However, only c-f EBV-DNA correlated with clinical/radiological response. In addition, c-f EBV-DNA, and not nonspecific c-f DNA, provided an early marker of relapsed and refractory disease. Serum versus plasma, and single versus multiple-copy EBV-gene targets were equivalent. Lymphoma-specific DNA is a disease response biomarker; however, nonspecific DNA reflected neither lymphoma-specific DNA nor therapeutic response. Lymphoma disease response can be monitored by blood tests, but new lymphoma-specific biomarkers need to be identified to broaden applicability.
Evaluation of murine liver transmission electron micrographs by an innovative object-based quantitative image analysis system (Cellenger). (2003)

We demonstrate that an multiscale object-based quantitative analysis of transmission electron micrographs from mouse liver under control conditions and after I/R provide accurate classification of relevant tissue damage parameter. The system is now ready to use for further applications within the field of highly textured electron micrographs.
Solvent effects in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of some pyrazines, pyrimidines and their N‐oxides (1971)

Abstract The benzene‐induced solvent effects upon the proton chemical shifts of various pyrazines, pyrimidines and their N ‐oxides are described. Larger chemical shift effects, implying closer benzeneheterocycle association, are noted in the N ‐oxides as compared to the non‐oxidized heterocycles. The solvent‐induced chemical shift changes can be used to establish the site of N ‐oxidation in those instances where different isomers can be formed.
Refined Structure of aabb-Tubulin at 3.5 AResolution (2001)

We present a refined model of the ab-tubulin dimer to 3.5 Aresolution. An improved experimental density for the zinc-induced tubulin sheets was obtained by adding 114 electron diffraction patterns at 40-60 tilt and increasing the completeness of structure factor amplitudes to 84.7 %. The refined structure was obtained using maximum-likelihood including phase information from experimental images, and simulated annealing Cartesian refinement to an R-factor of 23.2 and free R-factor of 29.7. The current model includes residues a:2-34, a:61-439, b:2-437, one molecule of GTP, one of GDP, and one of taxol, as well as one magnesium ion at the non-exchangeable nucleotide site, and one putative zinc ion near the M-loop in the a-tubulin subunit. The acidic C-terminal tails could not be traced accurately, neither could the N-terminal loop including residues 35-60 in the a-subunit. There are no major changes in the overall fold of tubulin with respect to the previous structure, testifying to the quality of the initial experimental phases. The overall geometry of the model is, however, greatly improved, and the position of side-chains, especially those of exposed polar/charged groups, is much better defined. Three short protein sequence frame shifts were detected with respect to the non-refined structure. In light of the new model we discuss details of the tubulin structure such as nucleotide and taxol binding sites, lateral con- tacts in zinc-sheets, and the significance of the location of highly con- served residues. # 2001 Academic Press