gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Spectral and Statistical Properties of Turbulence Generated by a Vortex/Blade-Tip Interaction (1997)

The perpendicular interaction of a streamwise vortex with the tip of a lifting blade was studied in incompressible flow to provide information useful to the accurate prediction of helicopter rotor noise and the understanding of vortex dominated turbulent flows. The vortex passed 0.3 chord lengths to the suction side of the blade tip, providing a weak interaction. Single and two-point turbulence measurements were made using sub-miniature four sensor hot-wire probes 15 chord lengths downstream of the blade trailing edge; revealing the mean velocity and Reynolds stress tensor distributions of the turbulence, as well as its spanwise length scales as a function of frequency. The single point measurements show the flow downstream of the blade to be dominated by the interaction of the original tip vortex and the vortex shed by the blade. These vortices rotate about each other under their mutual induction, winding up the turbulent wakes of the blades. This interaction between the vortices appears to be the source of new turbulence in their cores and in the region between them. This turbulence appears to be responsible for some decay in the core of the original vortex, not seen when the blade is removed. The region between the vortices is not only a region of comparatively large stresses, but also one of intense turbulence production. Velocity autospectra measured near its center suggests the presence quasi-periodic large eddies with axes roughly parallel to a line joining the vortex cores. Detailed two-point measurements were made on a series of spanwise cuts through the flow so as to reveal the turbulence scales as they would be seen along the span of an intersecting airfoil. The measurements were made over a range of probe separations that enabled them to be analyzed not only in terms of coherence and phase spectra but also in terms of wave-number frequency (kappa-omega) spectra, computed by transforming the measured cross-spectra with respect to the spanwise separation of the probes. These data clearly show the influence of the coherent eddies in the spiral wake and the turbulent region between the cores. These eddies produce distinct peaks in the upwash velocity kappa-omega spectra, and strong anisotropy manifested both in the decay of the kappa-omega spectrum at larger wave-numbers and in differences between the kappa-omega spectra of different components. None of these features are represented in the von Karman spectrum for isotropic turbulence that is often used in broadband noise computations. Wave-number frequency spectra measured in the cores appear to show some evidence that the turbulence outside sets tip core waves, as has previously been hypothesized. These spectra also provide for the first time a truly objective method for distinguishing velocity fluctuations produced by core wandering from other motions.
Learning classification rules from database in the context of knowledge acquisition and representation (1991)

A method for learning knowledge from a database is used to address the bottleneck of manual knowledge acquisition. An attempt is made to improve representation with the assistance of experts and from computer resident knowledge. The knowledge representation is described in the framework of a conceptual schema consisting of a semantic model and an event model. A concept classifies a domain into different subdomains. As a method of knowledge acquisition, inductive learning techniques are used for rule generation. The theory of rough sets is used in designing the learning algorithm. Examples of certain concepts are used to induce general specifications of the concepts called classification rules. The basic approach is to partition the information into equivalence classes and to derive conclusions based on equivalence relations. In a sense, what is involved is a data-reduction process, where the goal is to reduce a large database of information to a small number of rules describing the domain. This completely integrated approach includes user interface, semantics, constraints, representations of temporal events, induction, etc.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ozone loss in soot aerosols (2000)

The fractal‐like structure of atmospheric soot (e.g., elemental carbon) provides a large surface area available for heterogeneous chemistry in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere [ Blake and Kato, 1995]. One potentially important reaction is ozone decomposition on soot. Although extensively studied in the laboratory, a wide range of reaction probabilities have been observed (γ∼10 −3 to γ∼10 −7 ) which have been attributed to differences in reactivity between fresh (i.e., nonoxidized) versus aged (i.e., oxidized) soot [ Schurath and Naumann, 1998]. The importance in understanding soot‐ozone chemistry is particularly important in light of recent nighttime field measurements [ Berkowitz et al., 2000] made over Portland, Oregon. The data revealed episodes of an anticorrelation between ozone mixing ratio and aerosol surface area density. During these episodes a single scattering albedo in the range 0.8–0.9 was measured, indicating an increased absorptive component of the aerosol, perhaps due to elemental carbon. In addition, an increase in the concentration of aerosols contained in the small size range of the fine mode (&lt;0.1–0.15 μm) was observed, suggestive of new aerosol formation. In this article we attempt to explain these field observations. One explanation of the field observations is ozone loss occurring on atmospheric soot aerosol. Here we present laboratory results obtained using a static aerosol reactor that indicate that direct ozone loss on soot aerosol is unlikely under ambient conditions in the troposphere. An alternative and more likely explanation of the field data is based on ozone‐mediated organic aerosol production. This could occur by either nighttime nitrate radical oxidation or direct ozone oxidation of hydrocarbons as suggested previously [ Starn et al., 1998; Griffin et al., 1999; Kamens et al., 1999; Yu et al., 1999; De Gouw and Lovejoy , 1998].
Sparse Channel Estimation From Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Beam Measurements (2022)

&lt;pre&gt;In this paper, we study channel estimation at a uniform linear array (ULA) with $N$ antennas, where the channel at the ULA is composed of $L$ scatterers incoming from $L$ different angles of arrival (AoAs). It is assumed that Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) beams (also known as \emph{analog} beams) are applied at the ULA to project the incoming signal onto a single (or multiple) RF chain(s), after which the signal is sampled and measured in baseband domain. This measurement procedure arises in various communication systems, such as the receive beam sweeping phase in 5G NR, where DTFT beams are used due to their simple implementation as linear phase shifts on analog antennas. A fundamental question about this procedure is the number of DTFT measurements necessary to recover the $L$ AoAs. Previous work on this problem showed (by applying compressed sensing theory) that $L\mathcal{O}(\log(N/L))$ measurements are sufficient for recovering the AoAs, which grows large for large $N$. Instead, by using properties of DTFT beam projections, we are able to show that if $N \geq 2L$, then $3L$ arbitrary DTFT measurements are enough; hence, dependency on $N$ is completely removed. The main reason for this drastic improvement is that sparsity is found in a \emph{non-linear} mapping of unknowns to observations, while compressed sensing deals with \emph{linear} mappings of unknowns to observations. Furthermore, if the DTFT beams are centered at harmonic frequencies (resulting in DFT beams) with period $N$, then $2L$ beam measurements are enough. With these results, an AoA estimation algorithm is formulated which has enormous complexity savings compared to $L$-dimensional AoA search such as maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. Numerical simulations demonstrate the algorithm's superior performance over a conventional algorithm. &lt;/pre&gt;
Preclinical anticancer activity of the potent, oral Src inhibitor AZD0530 (2009)

AZD0530, an orally available Src inhibitor, demonstrated potent antimigratory and anti-invasive effects in vitro, and inhibited metastasis in a murine model of bladder cancer. Antiproliferative activity of AZD0530 in vitro varied between cell lines (IC(50) 0.2 ->10μM). AZD0530 inhibited tumor growth in 4/10 xenograft models tested and dynamically inhibited in vivo phosphorylation of Src substrates paxillin and FAK in both growth-inhibition-resistant and -sensitive xenografts. The activity of AZD0530 in NBT-II bladder cancer cells in vitro was consistent with inhibition of cell migration and stabilization of cell-cell adhesion. These data suggest a dominant anti-invasive pharmacology for AZD0530 that may limit tumor progression in a range of cancers. AZD0530 is currently in Phase II clinical trials.
Sianlihan laatuominaisuuksien genominen analyysi SNP-markkereiden avulla (2012)

Sianlihan laadulla on tärkeä merkitys teollisten lihatuotteiden eri prosessointivaiheissa ja kuluttajien käyttäessä tuorelihaa ruuan valmistukseen. Sianlihasta valmistetun ruuan tulee olla sekä maukasta, terveellistä että rakenteeltaan hyvää. Lihan laatuun vaikuttavat ominaisuudet mm. lihan pH ja väripisteet ovat olleet kansallisesti jalostettavia ominaisuuksista jo noin 20 vuoden ajan. Nykyinen lihan laatuominaisuuksien jalostaminen perustuu koeasemalla kasvatettujen eläinten ruhoista mitattuihin sisäpaistin ja kyljyksen pH-arvoon (noin 20h teurastuksesta), lihan vaaleuteen (L*) ja lihan punaisuuteen (a*). Lihan laatuominaisuuksiin vaikuttaa oletettavasti suuri joukko eri geenejä, tosin joitain suurivaikutteisia geenimuotoja esim. halotaanigeenissä ja RN-geenissä on myös olemassa eri osuuksilla eri roduissa. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli löytää kromosomialueita ja geenejä, jotka vaikuttavat lihan laatuominaisuuksiin. Tutkimuksessa määritettiin 328 Suomalaisen maatiaisrotuisen keinosiemennyskarjun ja 295 yorkshire-rotuisen keinosiemennyskarjun genotyypit noin 50 000 SNP (single nucleotide polymorhism) suhteen käyttämällä kaupallista Illumina PorcineSNP60 sirua. Tutkittavina muuttujina käytettiin kansallisesta jalostusarvostelusta saatuja jalostusarvon ennusteita eri lihanlaatuominaisuuksien suhteen. SNP assosiaatio lihanlaatuominaisuuksien suhteen testattiin painotetun lineaarisen mallin avulla, joka sisälsi SNP-vaikutuksen lisäksi eläinten sukulaisuudet huomioivan polygeenisen tekijän. Mallin painokerroin perustui jalostusarvojen ennusteiden luotettavuudelle. Tilastollisesti merkitseviksi SNP:ksi katsottiin SNP, jonka P-arvo oli alle 2,0E-06 (merkitsevyysraja määritetty Bonferroni-korjauksen avulla). Maatiaisrodulla kaksi SNP kromosomissa 7 (ASGA0037025, 130470366bp, P-arvo=8,6E-07 ja MARC0045334, 133942365bp, P-arvo=1,8E-06) olivat merkitseviä kyljyslihan a*-värin suhteen ja yksi SNP kromosomissa 15 (INRA0050276, 114169040 bp, P-arvo=7,1E-07) oli tilastollisesti merkitsevä sisäpaistin pH-arvon suhteen. Sama kromosomin 15 alue oli myös tilastollisesti merkitsevä yorkshirerodulla (15 eri SNP:ä, joista paras SNP. ALGA0087116, 113451557bp, P-arvo 4,7E-09) sekä kyljyksestä että sisäpaistista mitatun pH:n suhteen. Tilastollisesti merkitsevä alue on 2Mb pitkä ja se sisältää mm. tunnetun RN-geenin (PRKAG3-geeni). Yorkshirerodulla oli myös tilastollisesti merkitsevä SNP kromosomissa 6 (M1GA0008574, 46347641pb, P-arvo= 7,5E-07) kyljyksen a*-värin sekä kuuden SNP määrittämä alue kromosomissa 2 (paras SNP, MARC0005485, 26930095bp, P-arvo= 7,0E-08) kyljyksen L*-värin suhteen. Tulokset osoittavat, että kummassakin kotimaisessa sikarodussa on mahdollista muuttaa lihan laatuominaisuuksia haluttuun suuntaan myös SNP-markkeritiedon avulla.
Removing backing store administration from the CAP operating system (1980)

article Free Access Share on Removing backing store administration from the CAP operating system Author: Carl Dellar University of Cambridge University of CambridgeView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 14Issue 4October 1980 pp 41–49https://doi.org/10.1145/850708.850712Published:01 October 1980Publication History 9citation127DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations9Total Downloads127Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Supplementary Figures and Legends S1-S4 from Long-term Tumor Adaptation after Radiotherapy: Therapeutic Implications for Targeting Integrins in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S1. Growth curves of PC3 xenograft tumors after radiation. S2. AIIB2 binds to prostate cancer cells. S3. Integrin expression is elevated after radiation in vitro and in vivo. S4. Cell cycle distribution is unchanged in PC3 long-term survivors (in vitro).&lt;/p&gt;
Induction and identification of disulfide-intact and disulfide-reduced β-subunit of Shiga toxin 2 from Escherichia coli O157:H7 using MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS/MS and top-down proteomics (2011)

The disulfide-intact and disulfide-reduced β-subunit of Shiga toxin 2 (β-Stx2) from Escherichia coli O157:H7 (strain EDL933) has been identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS/MS) and top-down proteomic analysis using software developed in-house. E. coli O157:H7 was induced to express Stx2 by culturing on solid agar media supplemented with 10-50 ng mL(-1) of ciprofloxacin (CP). Bacterial cell lysates at each CP concentration were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS. A prominent ion at mass-to-charge (m/z) ~7820 was observed for the CP concentration range: 10-50 ng mL(-1), reaching a maximum signal intensity at 20 ng mL(-1). Complex MS/MS data were obtained of the ion at m/z ~7820 by post-source decay resulting in top-down proteomic identification as the mature, signal peptide-removed, disulfide-intact β-Stx2. Eight fragment ion triplets (each spaced Δm/z ~33 apart) were also observed resulting from backbone cleavage between the two cysteine residues (that form the intra-molecular disulfide bond) and symmetric and asymmetric cleavage of the disulfide bond. The middle fragment ion of each triplet, from symmetric disulfide bond cleavage, was matched to an in silico fragment ion formed from cleavage of the backbone at a site adjacent to an aspartic acid or glutamic acid residue. The flanking fragment ions of each triplet, from asymmetric disulfide bond cleavage, were not matched because their corresponding in silico fragment ions are not represented in the database. Easier to interpret MS/MS data were obtained for the disulfide-reduced β-Stx2 which resulted in an improved top-down identification.
Slow phonon vortices and defect modes in periodic nano-waveguides (2016)

We identify a broad class of phonon modes with persistent vortex fluxes at arbitrarily slow propagating velocities in periodic nano-waveguides. Such phonon vortices are associated with the split band-edges in dispersion dependencies, which can be engineered by waveguide design. Modulations introduced in such waveguides can support a pair of defect cavity phonon modes with an arbitrarily small frequency splitting. These features can find applications for sensing and nano-manipulation.
Optimizing compilation of CLP( ℛ ) (1998)

Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) languages extend logic programming by allowing the use of constraints from different domains such as real numbers or Boolean functions. They have proved to be ideal for expressing problems that require interactive mathematical modeling and complex combinatorial optimization problems. However, CLP languages have mainly been considered as research systems, useful for rapid prototyping, by not really competitive with more conventional programming languages where efficiency is a more important consideration. One promising approach to improving the performance of CLP systems is the use of powerful program optimizations to reduce the cost of constraint solving. We extend work in this area by describing a new optimizing compiler for the CLP language CLP(ℛ). The compiler implements six powerful optimizations: reordering of constraints, removal of redundant variables, and specialization of constraints which cannot fail. Each program optimization is designed to remove the overhead of constraint solving when possible and keep the number of constraints in the store as small as possible. We systematically evaluate the effectiveness of each optimization in isolation and in combination. Our empirical evaluation of the compiler verifies that optimizing compilation can be made efficient enough to allow compilation of real-world programs and that it is worth performing such compilation because it gives significant time and space performance improvements.
The importance of interleukin-8 as a neutrophil chemoattractant in the lungs of cattle with pneumonic pasteurellosis. (2001)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), an in vitro and in vivo neutrophil chemoattractant, is expressed at high levels in the lesions observed in bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. Because of the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of pneumonic pasteurellosis, we investigated the relative importance of IL-8 as a neutrophil chemoattractant in this disease. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was harvested from calves experimentally infected with bovine herpesvirus-1 and challenged with Mannheimia haemolytica. Neutrophil chemotactic activity was measured in pneumonic BAL fluid samples treated with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ovine IL-8, and compared to the activity in samples treated with an isotype-matched control antibody. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed at a dilution which induced a half-maximal response, and the concentrations of antibody were optimized in a preliminary experiment. Following incubation of replicate samples of diluted pneumonic bovine BAL fluid with 70 microg/mL of IL-8-neutralizing antibody or control antibody, the neutrophil chemotactic activities of the samples were determined using an in vitro microchemotaxis assay. Overall, pretreatment of BAL fluid samples with neutralizing anti-IL-8 antibody reduced neutrophil chemotactic activity by 15% to 60%, compared to pretreatment with control antibody. This effect was highly significant (P < 0.001), and was present in 5 of 5 samples. These data indicate that IL-8 is an important neutrophil chemoattractant in calves with pneumonic pasteurellosis, but that mediators with actions redundant to those of IL-8 must also be present in the lesions.
Assessment of image reconstruction algorithms for aperture synthesis radiometers (2003)

The report reviews the existing image reconstruction approaches. More advanced approaches adapted to SMOS are outlined.
Partial replication of UV-irradiated T4 bacteriophage DNA results in amplification of specific genetic areas (1981)

Upon infection of Escherichia coli with bromodeoxyuridine-labeled t4 phage that had received 10 lethal hits of UV irradiation, a sizable amount of phage DNA was synthesized (approximately 36 phage equivalent units of DNA per infected bacterium), although very little multiplicity reactivation occurs. This progeny DNA was isolated and analyzed. This DNA was biased in its genetic representation, as shown by hybridization to cloned segments of the T4 genome immobilized on nitrocellulose filters. Preferentially amplified areas corresponded to regions containing origins of T4 DNA replication. The size of the progeny DNA increased with time after infection, possibly due to recombination between partial replicas and nonreplicated subunits or due to the gradual overcoming of the UV damage. As the size of the progeny DNA increased, all of the genes were more equally represented, resulting in a decrease in the genetic bias. Amplification of specific genetic areas was also observed upon infection with UV-irradiated, nonbromodeoxyuridine-substituted (light) phage. However, the genetic bias observed in this case was not as great as that observed with bromodeoxyuridine-substituted phage. This is most likely due to the higher efficiency of multiplicity reactivation of the light phage.
Danish reading span data from 283 hearing-aid users, including a sub-group analysis of their relationship to speech-in-noise performance (2016)

The distribution of RS scores indicated a high test difficulty. We found that age should be controlled when RS scores are compared across populations. The experimental setup of the speech-in-noise test may influence the relationship between performance and RS score.
MAHOMES II: A webserver for predicting if a metal binding site is enzymatic (2023)

Recent advances have enabled high-quality computationally generated structures for proteins with no solved crystal structures. However, protein function data remains largely limited to experimental methods and homology mapping. Since structure determines function, it is natural that methods capable of using computationally generated structures for functional annotations need to be advanced. Our laboratory recently developed a method to distinguish between metalloenzyme and nonenzyme sites. Here we report improvements to this method by upgrading our physicochemical features to alleviate the need for structures with sub-angstrom precision and using machine learning to reduce training data labeling error. Our improved classifier identifies protein bound metal sites as enzymatic or nonenzymatic with 94% precision and 92% recall. We demonstrate that both adjustments increased predictive performance and reliability on sites with sub-angstrom variations. We constructed a set of predicted metalloprotein structures with no solved crystal structures and no detectable homology to our training data. Our model had an accuracy of 90%-97.5% depending on the quality of the predicted structures included in our test. Finally, we found the physicochemical trends that drove this model's successful performance were local protein density, second shell ionizable residue burial, and the pocket's accessibility to the site. We anticipate that our model's ability to correctly identify catalytic metal sites could enable identification of new enzymatic mechanisms and improve de novo metalloenzyme design success rates.