gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revisiting sex differences in the acquisition and extinction of threat conditioning in humans (2022)

Findings pertaining to sex differences in the acquisition and extinction of threat conditioning, a paradigm widely used to study emotional homeostasis, remain inconsistent, particularly in humans. This inconsistency is likely due to multiple factors, one of which is sample size. Here, we pooled functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and skin conductance response (SCR) data from multiple studies in healthy humans to examine sex differences during threat conditioning, extinction learning, and extinction memory recall. We observed increased functional activation in males, relative to females, in multiple parietal and frontal (medial and lateral) cortical regions during acquisition of threat conditioning and extinction learning. Females mainly exhibited higher amygdala activation during extinction memory recall to the extinguished conditioned stimulus and also while responding to the unconditioned stimulus (presentation of the shock) during threat conditioning. Whole-brain functional connectivity analyses revealed that females showed increased connectivity across multiple networks including visual, ventral attention, and somatomotor networks during late extinction learning. At the psychophysiological level, a sex difference was only observed during shock delivery, with males exhibiting higher unconditioned responses relative to females. Our findings point to minimal to no sex differences in the expression of conditioned responses during acquisition and extinction of such responses. Functional MRI findings, however, show some distinct functional activations and connectivities between the sexes. These data suggest that males and females might use different neural mechanisms, mainly related to cognitive processing, to achieve comparable levels of acquired conditioned responses to threating cues.
Monolithic Integration of Active LMA PCF and Standard Fiber Bragg Gratings into All-Fiber Lasers (2014)

A method to monolithically integrate active LMA PCF with conventional fiber components (fiber Bragg gratings) in all-fiber lasers is proposed. Using novel mode-field adapters, cavity losses are mitigated and laser performances significantly improved.
The Musashi1 RNA-Binding Protein Functions as a Leptin-Regulated Enforcer of Pituitary Cell Fate and Hormone Production (2021)

Abstract The pituitary gland is the major endocrine organ that produces and secretes hormones in response to hypothalamic signals to regulate important processes like growth, reproduction, and stress. The anterior pituitary adapts to metabolic and reproductive needs by exhibiting cellular plasticity, resulting in altered hormone production and secretion. The adipokine, leptin, serves a critical role to couple energy status to pituitary function. We have recently reported that the cell fate determinant, Musashi, functions as a post-transcriptional regulator of target mRNA translation in the mouse pituitary and have speculated that Musashi may modulate pituitary cell plasticity. However, the underlying mechanisms governing such pituitary plasticity are not fully understood. Musashi is an mRNA binding protein that is required for self-renewal, proliferation, and to control the differentiation of stem and progenitor cells. We have recently shown that Musashi is expressed in Sox2+ pituitary stem cells and surprisingly, we also found Musashi expression in all differentiated hormone expressing cell lineages in the adult anterior pituitary. The role of Musashi in these mature differentiated cells is unknown. We have observed that a range of critical pituitary mRNAs, including the lineage specification transcription factors Prop1 and Pou1f1, as well as hormone mRNAs including Tshb, Prl, and Gnrhr, all contain consensus Musashi binding elements (MBEs) in their 3’ untranslated regions (3’ UTRs). Using RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and luciferase mRNA translation reporter assays we show that Musashi binds to these mRNAs and exerts inhibitory control of mRNA translation. Moreover, we determined that leptin stimulation opposes the ability of Musashi to exert translational repression of the Pou1f1 and Gnrhr 3’ UTRs. This de-repression does not require regulatory phosphorylation of Musashi on two conserved C-terminal serine residues. Interestingly in the same cell assay system, Musashi exerts translational activation of the Prop1 3’ UTR. We observed that this translational activation requires Musashi phosphorylation on the two regulatory C-terminal serine residues, consistent with the requirement for regulatory phosphorylation to drive translational activation of Musashi target mRNAs during Xenopus oocyte cell maturation. The distinction between MBEs in 3’ UTRs that exert repression (Pou1f1, Prl, Tshb, and Gnrhr) and the Prop1 3’ UTR that directs translational activation is under investigation. We propose that Musashi acts as a bifunctional regulator of pituitary hormone production and lineage specification and may function to maintain pituitary hormone plasticity in response to changing organismal needs.
Effect of Manganese Addition to the Co-MCM-41 Catalyst in the Selective Synthesis of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

The effect of manganese addition to the Co-MCM-41 catalyst on the synthesis of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) by CO disproportionation was characterized. The ratio between the two metals in the MCM-41 framework was varied, and its effect on the resultant SWNT distribution was studied and compared with the results obtained for the monometallic Co-MCM-41 catalyst. Methods including temperature-programmed reduction, X-ray absorption fine structure, thermogravimetric analysis, TEM imaging, and Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to characterize the behavior of the catalysts under the SWNT synthesis conditions and the diameter and structure distribution of the resultant nanotubes. We found that addition of Mn to the Co-MCM-41 catalyst promotes the growth of SWNT, leading to synthesis of high yield, small diameter SWNT. Manganese does not act in the nucleation of SWNT but acts as an anchoring site for cobalt particles formed during the synthesis process as shown by X-ray absorption.
Machine learning model for fast prediction of the natural frequencies of protein molecules (2020)

Natural vibrations and resonances are intrinsic features of protein structures and enable differentiation of one structure from another. These nanoscale features are important to help to understand the dynamics of a protein molecule and identify the effects of small sequence or other geometric alterations that may not cause significant visible structural changes, such as point mutations associated with disease or drug design. Although normal mode analysis provides a powerful way to accurately extract the natural frequencies of a protein, it must meet several critical conditions, including availability of high-resolution structures, availability of good chemical force fields and memory-intensive large-scale computing resources. Here, we study the natural frequency of over 100 000 known protein molecular structures from the Protein Data Bank and use this dataset to carefully investigate the correlation between their structural features and these natural frequencies by using a machine learning model composed of a Feedforward Neural Network made of four hidden layers that predicts the natural frequencies in excellent agreement with full-atomistic normal mode calculations, but is significantly more computationally efficient. In addition to the computational advance, we demonstrate that this model can be used to directly obtain the natural frequencies by merely using five structural features of protein molecules as predictor variables, including the largest and smallest diameter, and the ratio of amino acid residues with alpha-helix, beta strand and 3-10 helix domains. These structural features can be either experimentally or computationally obtained, and do not require a full-atomistic model of a protein of interest. This method is helpful in predicting the absorption and resonance functions of an unknown protein molecule without solving its full atomic structure.
Transgenic UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 1 mice are protected from obesity‐induced type 2 diabetes (2006)

Obesity‐induced type 2 diabetes is a growing human health issue in Western societies. Fibrates are PPARα agonists used to treat dyslipidemia and diabetes and are targeted by glucuronidation for elimination. Initially, to examine the effects of PPARα agonists on human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 1 (UGT1) regulation, transgenic human UGT1 mice (Tg‐ UGT1 ) were treated with the fibrate WY‐14643. Oral administration of WY‐14643 to Tg‐ UGT1 mice induced UGT1A1 and 1A4 in the liver. To examine the contribution of human glucuronidation towards obesity‐induced type 2 diabetes, wild type (WT) and Tg‐ UGT1 male mice were fed a normal diet or a 35% fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Mass gain was monitored and diabetic status established by insulin and glucose tolerance tests and serum insulin levels. There was no difference in mass gain between male WT or Tg‐ UGT1 mice on HFD. Obese WT mice were insensitive to insulin, retained elevated blood glucose levels, and displayed hyperinsulinemia, indicating the onset of type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, obese Tg‐ UGT1 mice were insulin sensitive and displayed normal blood glucose clearance. Blood insulin levels for obese Tg‐ UGT1 mice were similar to WT and Tg‐ UGT1 males on normal diets. To determine if human UGT1A expression correlated with protection from type 2 diabetes, human UGT1A protein levels were measured by Western blot analysis. UGT1A1 and UGT1A4 in the small intestine were down‐regulated in obese Tg‐ UGT1 mice. While it is not clear why down‐regulation of the human UGT1A proteins might protect against obesity‐induced type 2 diabetes, the reduction may lead to reduced clearance and increase the potential for toxicity of drugs in diabetic patients. (Supported by USPHS grants GM49135 and ES10337)
Monte Carlo simulation on a gold nanoparticle irradiated by electron beams (2012)

This study investigated the secondary electron production from a gold nanoparticle (GNP) irradiated by monoenergetic electron beams using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Spherical GNPs with diameters of 2, 50 and 100 nm in water were irradiated by monoenergetic electron beams with energies equal to 50 keV, 250 keV, 1 MeV and 4 MeV. MC simulations were performed using the Geant4 toolkit to determine the energy of the secondary electrons emitted from the GNPs. The mean effective range and deflection angle of the secondary electrons were tracked. Energy depositions inside and outside the nanoparticles due to the secondary electrons were also calculated. For comparisons, simulations were repeated by replacing the GNPs with water. Our results show that the mean effective range of secondary electrons increased with an increase of the GNP size and electron beam energy. For the electron beam energy and GNP size used in this study, the mean effective range was 0.5-15 µm outside the nanoparticle, which is approximately within the dimension of a living cell. The mean deflection angles varied from 78 to 83 degrees as per our MC results. The proportion of energy deposition inside the GNP versus that outside increased with the GNP size. This is different from the results obtained from a previous study using photon beams. The secondary electron energy deposition ratio (energy deposition for GNP/energy deposition for water) was found to be highest for the smallest GNP of 2 nm diameter in this study. For the energy deposited by the secondary electron, we concluded that the addition of GNPs can increase the secondary electron energy deposition in water, though most of the energy was self-absorbed by the large nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm). In addition, an electron source in the presence of GNPs does not seem to be better than photons as the yield of secondary electrons per unit mass of gold is less than water.
Long-term mortality and recurrence after colorectal cancer surgery with preoperative stenting: a Danish nationwide cohort study (2015)

Long-term mortality associated with the use of SEMS as a bridge to surgery was comparable to that of urgent resection. SEMS use may be associated with an increased CRC recurrence risk.
Stepwise multi‐criteria optimization for robotic radiosurgery (2008)

Achieving good conformality and a steep dose gradient around the target volume remains a key aspect of radiosurgery. Clearly, this involves a trade-off between target coverage, conformality of the dose distribution, and sparing of critical structures. Yet, image guidance and robotic beam placement have extended highly conformal dose delivery to extracranial and moving targets. Therefore, the multi-criteria nature of the optimization problem becomes even more apparent, as multiple conflicting clinical goals need to be considered coordinate to obtain an optimal treatment plan. Typically, planning for robotic radiosurgery is based on constrained optimization, namely linear programming. An extension of that approach is presented, such that each of the clinical goals can be addressed separately and in any sequential order. For a set of common clinical goals the mapping to a mathematical objective and a corresponding constraint is defined. The trade-off among the clinical goals is explored by modifying the constraints and optimizing a simple objective, while retaining feasibility of the solution. Moreover, it becomes immediately obvious whether a desired goal can be achieved and where a trade-off is possible. No importance factors or predefined prioritizations of clinical goals are necessary. The presented framework forms the basis for interactive and automated planning procedures. It is demonstrated for a sample case that the linear programming formulation is suitable to search for a clinically optimal treatment, and that the optimization steps can be performed quickly to establish that a Pareto-efficient solution has been found. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how the stepwise approach is preferable compared to modifying importance factors.
Quantum dots: bright and versatile in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging biosensors (2015)

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have become important fluorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging research. Their nanoparticle surfaces for versatile bioconjugation, their adaptable photophysical properties for multiplexed detection, and their superior stability for longer investigation times are the main advantages of QDs compared to other fluorescence imaging agents. Here, we review the recent literature dealing with the design and application of QD-bioconjugates for advanced in vitro and in vivo imaging. After a short summary of QD preparation and their most important properties, different QD-based imaging applications will be discussed from the technological and the biological point of view, ranging from super-resolution microscopy and single-particle tracking over in vitro cell and tissue imaging to in vivo investigations. A substantial part of the review will focus on multifunctional applications, in which the QD fluorescence is combined with drug or gene delivery towards theranostic approaches or with complementary technologies for multimodal imaging. We also briefly discuss QD toxicity issues and give a short outlook on future directions of QD-based bioimaging.
Current Comparator-Based Reconfigurable Adder and Multiplier on Hybrid Memristive Crossbar (2020)

Memristors have shown significant promise both in logic synthesis and memory-subsystem design. A 2D-crossbar of memristors can be used to store multi-valued memory states by utilizing the analog variation of current-induced resistance through memristor cells. The integration of CMOS components with memristor cells can further widen their design space for handling various complex systems. A crossbar built with CMOS-memristor hybridization supports a potential platform that enables computation-in-memory (CIM). In this work we propose a logic system based on differential currents for implementing an ADDER and a MULTIPLIER on a hybrid-memristor crossbar network. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed design reduces both memristor cost and computation-cycle time compared to previous approaches.
Solid-State Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Tris(2,2‘-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Complexes (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSolid-State Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) ComplexesFrank G. Gao and Allen J. BardView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 30, 7426–7427Publication Date (Web):July 14, 2000Publication History Received24 February 2000Published online14 July 2000Published inissue 1 August 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja000666thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja000666trapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5281Altmetric-Citations309LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Diodes,Layers,Power,Quantum efficiency,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Middle Turbinate Medialization and Preservation in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (2000)

MT medialization with a microdebrider is simple, is reliable, and should be considered an alternative to turbinate resection or to other turbinate medialization techniques.
Electron transporting semiconducting polymers in organic electronics (2011)

Significant progress has been achieved in the preparation of semiconducting polymers over the past two decades, and successful commercial devices based on them are slowly beginning to enter the market. However, most of the conjugated polymers are hole transporting, or p-type, semiconductors that have seen a dramatic rise in performance over the last decade. Much less attention has been devoted to electron transporting, or n-type, materials that have lagged behind their p-type counterparts. Organic electron transporting materials are essential for the fabrication of organic p-n junctions, organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), n-channel organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and complementary logic circuits. In this critical review we focus upon recent developments in several classes of electron transporting semiconducting polymers used in OLEDs, OFETs and OPVs, and survey and analyze what is currently known concerning electron transporting semiconductor architecture, electronic structure, and device performance relationships (87 references).
Gender-specific expression of complex-type N-glycans in schistosomes (2006)

Sex-specific gene expression by Schistosoma mansoni worms has been demonstrated at the transcriptome as well as the proteome levels. In view of the important role of glycans in the biology of schistosomes and the interaction with their human host, we have investigated the sex-specific protein glycosylation. Mass spectrometric profiling and structural characterization of PNGase F-released N-glycans revealed the following gender-specific glycosylation patterns: Complex-type N-glycans of females mainly carried Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc (LacNAc) and Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc (Lewis x) antennae structures, whereas GalNAc(beta1-4)GlcNAc- (LacdiNAc; LDN) and GalNAc(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc (LDN-F) were prevalent in N-glycans from males. LDN(-F) motifs were found to occur as repeats on the antennae of large N-glycans that contained up to seven LDN(-F) units. The female complex-type glycans were mostly di-antennary and tri-antennary, whereas male structures were predominantly of the mono-antennary and di-antennary type. Oligomannosidic N-glycans were expressed at similar levels in females and males. The localization of the sex-biased glycan motifs was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy using defined anti-glycan monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The Lewis x element was strongly expressed in the gut of both males and females, but with respect to tegument localization, the females expressed this structure, while Lewis x seemed to be almost completely absent from the male tegument. The expression of LDN-F was predominantly detected in the parenchyma of both male and female worms as well as in the tegument of the male ventral cavity facing the female. LDN was detected in the tegument of male and female worms at similar levels. The sex-specific expression and differential localization of these antigenic glycan motifs in schistosomes may play a role in male-female interactions during conjugal biology and may lead to a differential immune reaction of the host to the two sexes.
Association of phosphotyrosine with rapsyn expression in Xenopus embryonic cells (1996)

The postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction is highly enriched in rapsyn, which is thought to interact directly with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) and anchor them at the synapse. We expressed rapsyn with or without AChRs in Xenopus embryos by mRNA injection. Co-expression of AChR and rapsyn caused the clustering of these two proteins in cultured cells isolated from the injected embryos. When rapsyn was expressed alone, it also became clustered at the substratum-facing membrane in cultured cells and at cell-cell contacts in whole mount embryos. No clusters were observed in cells that expressed AChRs alone. In rapsyn-expressing cells, proteins that are tyrosine phosphorylated as shown by anti-phosphotyrosine antibody labeling were concentrated at rapsyn clusters. Rapsyn itself does not appear to be a substrate for tyrosine kinase. This suggests that other phosphotyrosine-containing proteins are co-clustered with rapsyn in these cells.