gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utility of COVID‐19 antigen testing in the emergency department (2022)

The BinaxNOW point-of-care test has good sensitivity and excellent specificity for the detection of COVID-19. We recommend using the BinasNOW for patients with symptoms up to 2 weeks.
Action of steroids and plant triterpenoids on CatSper Ca 2+ channels in human sperm (2018)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
System-on-Chip Platform Security Assurance: Architecture and Validation (2017)

Modern system-on-chip (SoC) designs include a wide variety of highly sensitive assets which must be protected from unauthorized access. A significant aspect of SoC design involves exploration, analysis, and evaluation of resiliency mechanisms against attacks to such assets. These attacks may arise from a number of sources, including malicious intellectualproperty blocks (IPs) in the hardware, malicious or vulnerable firmware and software, insecure communication of the system with other devices, and side-channel vulnerabilities through power and performance profiles. Countermeasures for these attacks are equally diverse, which include architecture, design, implementation, and validation-based protection. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the security infrastructure in modern SoC designs, including both resiliency techniques and their validation paradigms at presilicon and postsilicon stages. We identify gaps in current resiliency and analysis architectures and propose design and validation solutions to address them. Finally, we provide industry perspectives on the role and impact of current practices on SoC security, and discuss some emerging trends in this important area.
Towards understanding polar heat transport enhancement in sub-glacial oceans on icy moons (2023)

The interior oceans of several icy moons are considered as “moderately rotating”. Observations suggest a larger heat transport around the poles than at the equator. Rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RRBC) in planar configuration is known to show an enhanced heat transport compared to the non-rotating case for such “moderate” rotation. We investigate the potential for such a (polar) heat transport enhancement in these sub-glacial oceans by direct numerical simulations of RRBC in spherical geometry for Ra=106 and 0.7≤Pr≤4.38. We find an enhancement up to 28% in the “polar tangent cylinder”, which is globally compensated by a reduced heat transport at low latitudes. As a result, the polar heat transport can exceed the equatorial by up to 50%. The enhancement is mostly insensitive to different radial gravity profiles, but decreases for thinner shells. In general, polar heat transport and its enhancement in spherical RRBC follow the same principles as in planar RRBC.
Lowering of circulating sclerostin may increase risk of atherosclerosis and its risk factors: evidence from a genome-wide association meta-analysis followed by Mendelian randomization (2022)

ABSTRACT Sclerostin inhibition is a new therapeutic approach for increasing bone mineral density (BMD) but its cardiovascular safety is unclear. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of circulating sclerostin in 33,961 Europeans followed by Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the causal effects of sclerostin on 15 atherosclerosis-related diseases and risk factors. GWAS meta-analysis identified 18 variants independently associated with sclerostin, which including a novel cis signal in the SOST region and three trans signals in B4GALNT3, RIN3 and SERPINA1 regions that were associated with opposite effects on circulating sclerostin and eBMD. MR combining these four SNPs suggested lower sclerostin increased hypertension risk (odds ratio [OR]=1.09, 95%CI=1.04 to 1.15), whereas bi-directional analyses revealed little evidence for an effect of genetic liability to hypertension on sclerostin levels. MR restricted to cis (SOST) SNPs additionally suggested sclerostin inhibition increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (OR=1.26; 95%CI=1.08 to 1.48) and myocardial infarction (MI) (OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.183 to 1.45). Furthermore, these analyses suggested sclerostin inhibition increased coronary artery calcification (CAC) (β=0.74, 95%CI=0.33 to 1.15), levels of apoB (β=0.07; 95%CI=0.04 to 0.10; this result was driven by rs4793023) and triglycerides (β=0.18; 95%CI=0.13 to 0.24), and reduced HDL-C (β=-0.14; 95%CI=-0.17 to -0.10). This study provides genetic evidence to support a causal effect of sclerostin inhibition on increased hypertension risk. Cis -only analyses suggested that sclerostin inhibition additionally increases the risk of T2DM, MI, CAC, and an atherogenic lipid profile. Together, our findings reinforce the requirement for strategies to mitigate against adverse effects of sclerostin inhibitors like romosozumab on atherosclerosis and its related risk factors.
The developmental and iron nutritional pattern of PIC1 and NiCo does not support their interdependent and exclusive collaboration in chloroplast iron transport in Brassica napus (2020)

The accumulation of NiCo following the termination of the accumulation of iron in chloroplast suggests that NiCo is not solely involved in iron uptake processes of chloroplasts. Chloroplast iron (Fe) uptake is thought to be operated by a complex containing permease in chloroplast 1 (PIC1) and nickel-cobalt transporter (NiCo) proteins, whereas the role of other Fe homeostasis-related transporters such as multiple antibiotic resistance protein 1 (MAR1) is less characterized. Although pieces of information exist on the regulation of chloroplast Fe uptake, including the effect of plant Fe homeostasis, the whole system has not been revealed in detail yet. Thus, we aimed to follow leaf development-scale changes in the chloroplast Fe uptake components PIC1, NiCo and MAR1 under deficient, optimal and supraoptimal Fe nutrition using Brassica napus as model. Fe deficiency decreased both the photosynthetic activity and the Fe content of plastids. Supraoptimal Fe nutrition caused neither Fe accumulation in chloroplasts nor any toxic effects, thus only fully saturated the need for Fe in the leaves. In parallel with the increasing Fe supply of plants and ageing of the leaves, the expression of BnPIC1 was tendentiously repressed. Though transcript and protein amount of BnNiCo tendentiously increased during leaf development, it was even markedly upregulated in ageing leaves. The relative transcript amount of BnMAR1 increased mainly in ageing leaves facing Fe deficiency. Taken together chloroplast physiology, Fe content and transcript amount data, the exclusive participation of NiCo in the chloroplast Fe uptake is not supported. Saturation of the Fe requirement of chloroplasts seems to be linked to the delay of decomposing the photosynthetic apparatus and keeping chloroplast Fe homeostasis in a rather constant status together with a supressed Fe uptake machinery.
Robust Stereo Matching Using Adaptive Normalized Cross-Correlation (2010)

A majority of the existing stereo matching algorithms assume that the corresponding color values are similar to each other. However, it is not so in practice as image color values are often affected by various radiometric factors such as illumination direction, illuminant color, and imaging device changes. For this reason, the raw color recorded by a camera should not be relied on completely, and the assumption of color consistency does not hold good between stereo images in real scenes. Therefore, the performance of most conventional stereo matching algorithms can be severely degraded under the radiometric variations. In this paper, we present a new stereo matching measure that is insensitive to radiometric variations between left and right images. Unlike most stereo matching measures, we use the color formation model explicitly in our framework and propose a new measure, called the Adaptive Normalized Cross-Correlation (ANCC), for a robust and accurate correspondence measure. The advantage of our method is that it is robust to lighting geometry, illuminant color, and camera parameter changes between left and right images, and does not suffer from the fattening effect unlike conventional Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCC). Experimental results show that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art stereo methods under severely different radiometric conditions between stereo images.
End-Stage Renal Disease Among HIV-Infected Adults in North America (2014)

The risk of ESRD remains high among HIV-infected individuals in care but is declining with improvements in virologic suppression. HIV-infected black persons continue to comprise the majority of cases, as a result of higher viral loads, comorbidities, and genetic susceptibility.
Film grain noise removal and generation for color images (2002)

In this paper, we propose a noise filtering scheme, which is based on a multichannel homomorphic transformation, for color photographic images corrupted by signal-dependent film grain noise. The proposed method performs the estimation of the noise parameter using higher-order statistics (skewness or kurtosis) of the corrupted image and filtered image statistics. This parameter estimation technique can be used to generate color film grain noise that has applications in motion picture productions. After a theoretical description of the method employed, experimental results are provided.
A novel circulating diagnostic and prognostic metagenomic signature in esophageal adenocarcinoma: Implications for precision oncology. (2022)

336 Background: The high incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remains a major clinical challenge as majority of these cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, with poor survival outcomes. Emerging evidence indicate intriguing associations between unique microbial profiles and cancer pathogenesis. More recent data also indicates the potential clinical significance of specific microbial signatures as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. However, to date, no studies have systematically interrogated circulating metagenome profiling in EAC patients, particularly as non-invasive, early detection, surveillance and prognostic classifiers that may improve the current management paradigms. Methods: Metagenome sequencing was performed on 81 serum specimens collected from 51 EAC, 10 high grade dysplasia (HGD), 10 Barretts’s esophagus (BE), and 10 gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients, respectively. Sequencing reads were classified using Bracken and MetaPhlAn3 to determine relative abundance between various classes. The Linear Discriminant Analysis effect size (LEfSe) method was performed to identify potential conserved and discrete microbial profiles between groups. Logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to build a model according to clinical and metagenomic classifiers to examine the diagnostic and prognostic potential of the identified metagenomic signature. Results: A significant loss of alpha and beta diversity was identified in serum specimens from EAC patients. We observed a shift in microbial taxa between each group – at the phylum, genus, and species level – with Lactobacillus sakei as the most prominent species in GERD vs. other patient groups. Interestingly, LEfSe analysis identified a complete loss of Lactobacillus ( L.Sakei and L. Curvatus), Collinsella stercoris and Bacteroides stercoris, but conversely a significant increase in Escherichia coli in patients with EAC. Finally, we developed a metagenome panel that discriminated EAC from GERD patients with an AUC value of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.78 – 0.95), and this panel in conjunction with the TNM stage was a robust predictor of overall survival (≥24 months; AUC = 0.84 [95% CI 0.66 – 0.92]) and an accompanying hazard ratio (HR) of 6.23 (95% CI, 2.65 – 14.46, P&lt;0.001). Conclusions: This study describes unique blood-based microbial profiles in patients with GERD, BE, HGD, and EAC, that are further utilized to establish a novel circulating diagnostic and prognostic metagenomic signature in EAC.
Risk of chronic comorbidities in survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer (AYA). (2018)

10015 Background: Data needed to develop age-appropriate survivorship care guidelines for AYA cancer are lacking. Using a retrospective cohort design, we described risk of chronic comorbidities in AYA cancer survivors. Methods: 6,778 two-year survivors of cancers diagnosed at age 15-39y at Kaiser Permanente Southern California between 2000-2012 were included. A non-cancer comparison group (N = 87,737) was matched to cancer survivors (1:13) on age, sex and calendar year. New onset of comorbidities listed in Table 1 was ascertained using ICD-9 diagnosis codes, laboratory values, medication prescription and cause of death in the electronic health records through end of 2014. Incidence rate and incidence rate ratio (IRR) from Poisson regression adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity were derived for each comorbidity. Within cancer survivors, multivariable Poisson regression was used to evaluate the associations between chemotherapy exposures (mutually adjusted) and risk of selected comorbidities. Results: Median age at cancer diagnosis was 33y; 35% were male; 42% were non-Hispanic white. The most common cancer types were thyroid (16%), breast (16%) and melanoma (10%). Comparison with non-cancer subjects: see Table 1. Within cancer survivors: chemotherapy exposure was associated with multiple comorbidities. The largest IRR was found for methotrexate use and avascular necrosis (AN) (IRR = 15.5); followed by ifosfamide and chronic kidney disease (IRR = 8.3); and bleomycin and pulmonary fibrosis (IRR = 4.7). Conclusions: These data provide basis for identifying high-risk individuals for population-based targeted surveillance. IRR for cancer survivors in reference to non-cancer comparisons. IRR 95% Confidence Interval Heart Failure 2.6 1.8 3.8 Coronary Artery Disease 1.6 1.1 2.3 Stroke 3.2 2.4 4.3 Dyslipidemia 1.3 1.2 1.4 Hypertension 1.4 1.2 1.5 Premature Ovarian Failure 2.9 1.6 5.3 Diabetes 1.5 1.3 1.7 Thyroid Disorders 2.1 1.8 2.4 Hearing Loss 1.7 1.3 2.1 Vision Loss 1.4 0.7 2.5 Asthma 1.2 1.0 1.4 COPD 2.3 1.3 4.2 Severe Depression/Anxiety 1.4 1.2 1.6 Chronic Liver Disease 2.4 2.0 2.8 Renal Failure 2.5 2.1 3.0 Avascular Necrosis 8.3 4.6 14.9 Fractures 2.1 1.6 2.8 Joint Replacement 3.9 2.4 6.2 Osteoporosis 5.8 3.7 8.9
Highly Selective Chemical Etching of Si vs. Si1 − x Ge x Using  NH 4 OH  Solution (1997)

Highly chemical etching of Si vs. epitaxial in solution has been investigated It was found the selectivity was better than 80:1 even for a in 10 weight percent (w/o) at 75°C. As the fraction x of Ge was increased, higher selectively was obtained due to the decrease of the etch rate of the . The achievement of the excellent selectivity in a heterostructure was clearly demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. Surfaces of etched samples were analyzed using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The high etch selectivity obtained in is essentially due to a passivation‐film effect at the surface.
Abstract 223: Chronic exposure to waterpipe smoke elicits immunomodulatory and carcinogenic effects in the lung (2022)

Abstract Effects of waterpipe smoking on lung pathobiology and carcinogenesis remain sparse despite the worldwide emergence of this tobacco vector as a socially acceptable form of smoking, particularly among the youth. To address this gap, we investigated the effects of chronic waterpipe smoke (WPS) exposure on lung pathobiology, host immunity, and tumorigenesis using both an experimental animal model and an exploratory observational analysis of human waterpipe smokers and non-smokers. Mice exposed to increasing doses of WPS (once or five times per week for 20 weeks), through an exclusively devised exposure system for this study, were more prone to develop lung tumors compared to control-air exposed littermates. This effect was accompanied by various pro-tumor immune phenotypes, including increased IL-17A+ levels in T/B cells as well as elevated expression of the immune checkpoint PD-L1 and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in myeloid cells. While flow cytometry analysis revealed increased CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration in WPS-exposed mice, gene signatures of cytotoxic and expanded immune response were, conversely, decreased in animals exposed to heavy WPS relative to control air. Interestingly, mice heavily exposed to WPS exhibited increased expression of Tmprss4, Cd55, and Ace2, cell receptors and mediators of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry and, thus, COVID-19 pathogenesis. We also perform RNA-sequencing analysis of bronchial airway epithelial brushings of cancer-free waterpipe smokers and non-smokers undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. Transcriptomes of normal airway cells in waterpipe smokers, relative to waterpipe non-smokers, harbored gene programs that were associated with poor clinical outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients, alluding to a WPS-associated molecular injury, like that established in response to cigarette smoking. Overall, our analyses demonstrate immunomodulatory and carcinogenic effects of WPS on the murine and human lung. Our study also shows that WPS exposure leads to a field of injury that may be associated with increased risk for lung cancer. This study is unique for interrogating carcinogenic effects of chronic exposure to WPS with the longest, to our knowledge, follow-up time in vivo. Our findings accentuate the need for additional studies that can guide evidence-based policies to counteract shortfalls in public health control of waterpipe smoking. Citation Format: Zahraa Rahal, Maya Hassane, Nareg Karaoghlanian, Jiexin Zhang, Ansam Sinjab, J. Jack Lee, Maria Gabriela Raso, Junya Fujimoto, Hassan Chami, Alan Shihadeh, Humam Kadara. Chronic exposure to waterpipe smoke elicits immunomodulatory and carcinogenic effects in the lung [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 223.
Optical sensing of phenylalanine in urine via extraction with magnetic molecularly imprinted poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) nanoparticles (2015)

Incorporation of superparamagnetic nanoparticles into molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is useful for both bioseparations and for concentration and sensing of biomedically relevant target molecules in physiological fluids, through the application of a magnetic field. In this study, we combined the separation and concentration of a target (phenylalanine) in urine, using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymeric composite nanoparticles, with optical sensing, to improve assay sensitivity. This target is important as a catecholamine precursor, and as an important amino acid constituent of proteins. Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)s were imprinted with target molecules, and showed a high imprinting effectiveness (target binding compared with binding to non-imprinted polymer particles.) Fluorescence spectrophotometry was used to measure binding of the target, and also binding of possible interfering compounds. These measurements suggest that functional groups on phenylalanine dominate the selectivity of the synthesized MIPs. Finally, the composite nanoparticles were used to separate and sense the target molecule in urine by Raman scattering microscopy.
High-efficiency a-Si/c-Si heterojunction solar cell (2002)

An aperture-area conversion efficiency of 20.0% (intrinsic efficiency: 21.0%) has been achieved for a 1.0 cm/sup 2/ CZ n-type single crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell, by using the "HIT (heterojunction with intrinsic thin-layer)" structure on both sides of the cell. This is the world's highest value for a c-Si solar cell in which the junction is fabricated at a low temperature of below 200/spl deg/C. In this paper, the junction fabrication technologies and features of the HIT structure are reviewed. The stability under light and thermal exposure, and the temperature dependence on performance of a high-efficiency HIT solar cell are also reported.
WARP: Weight Associative Rule Processor. A dedicated VLSI fuzzy logic megacell (1992)

During the last five years Fuzzy Logic has gained enormous popularity in the academic and industrial worlds. The success of this new methodology has led the microelectronics industry to create a new class of machines, called Fuzzy Machines, to overcome the limitations of traditional computing systems when utilized as Fuzzy Systems. This paper gives an overview of the methods by which Fuzzy Logic data structures are represented in the machines (each with its own advantages and inefficiencies). Next, the paper introduces WARP (Weight Associative Rule Processor) which is a dedicated VLSI megacell allowing the realization of a fuzzy controller suitable for a wide range of applications. WARP represents an innovative approach to VLSI Fuzzy controllers by utilizing different types of data structures for characterizing the membership functions during the various stages of the Fuzzy processing. WARP dedicated architecture has been designed in order to achieve high performance by exploiting the computational advantages offered by the different data representations.
[Pellet technology. Sustained-release pellets in hard gelatin capsules--a suitable dosage form for theophylline]. (1998)

Reproducible gastrointestinal transit times of multiple unit dosage forms result in increasing efficacy and safety of pellets compared to single unit dosage forms. Furthermore, predictable concentration/time profiles can be achieved and local mucosa irritations can be avoided. These pharmacokinetic and clinical advantages compensate the increased investment necessary for development and production of theophylline (CAS 58-55-9) sustained release dosage forms. Several process steps are necessary to obtain the finished dosage form. After manufacturing, the pellet cores are coated and encapsulated in hard gelatine capsules. Manufacturing based on pelletization in an intensive mixer followed by drying of the pellet cores in a fluid-bed dryer and filmcoating according to the direct current principle in a Kugelcoater has become an established manufacturing technology both economically and ecologically.
High-Speed Calorimetry for the Study of the Kinetics of (De)vitrification, Crystallization, and Melting of Macromolecules (2002)

This paper reports on the characteristics and use of a new mode of measurement: High Performance DSC (HPer DSC), which represents a major step forward in high-speed calorimetry, as compared to standard DSC. It facilitates the study of the kinetics and metastability of macromolecular systems, especially the analysis of rate-dependent phenomena in real time. Controlled and constant scan rates at hundreds of degrees per minute and combinations thereof both in cooling and in heating are possible. Heats of transition, heat capacities, temperature-dependent crystallinities, etc. can be established at the extreme rates applied. Examples of the utilization of HPer DSC are given for polymers with respect to the effective hindrance of crystallization and cold crystallization, avoidance of recrystallization and the rate dependency of vitrification and devitrification. Low, milligram-scale sample masses, even down to the microgram level, are utilized. The short measuring times also provide the high throughput needed in combinatorial chemistry.