gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint Millimeter-Wave AoD and AoA Estimation Using one OFDM Symbol and Frequency-Dependent Beams (2023)

When conventional phase shifter based arrays are used in millimeter-wave systems, the angle of departure (AoD) and angle of arrival (AoA) estimates are obtained through high-overhead exhaustive beam sweeping (EBS). Recently, true-time-delay arrays re-emerged as a promising architecture for fast angle estimation. In this work, we develop an algorithm for joint AoD and AoA estimation using only one Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol and frequency-dependent beams that can be synthesized by fully digital and true-time-delay arrays. We compare the developed algorithm with wideband single-carrier based EBS in terms of the misalignment probability and required training overhead. Numerical simulations in millimeter-wave channels reveal the advantages of the proposed algorithm.
Meningovascular syphilis with a gumma of the midbrain. (1991)

We report a patient with meningovascular syphilis who had a dorsal midbrain syndrome, cognitive dysfunction, and a left peripheral seventh nerve palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed a large lesion of the midbrain and thalamus with intense enhancement of the interpeduncular cistern, both of which resolved after treatment with intravenous penicillin. The clinical features, radiographic appearance, and response to therapy suggest that this lesion was a focal syphilitic inflammatory process, or gumma. We conclude that MRI with intravenous contrast may reveal the full spectrum of pathologic involvement in neurosyphilis and, in certain situations, may obviate the need for biopsy of an associated mass lesion.
A retrospective analysis of the prevalence of EGFR or KRAS mutations in patients (pts) with crizotinib-naïve and crizotinib-resistant, ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (2013)

8083 Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements define a distinct molecular subset of NSCLC. Recently, several studies have reported that ALK+ pts occasionally harbor concomitant mutations in other oncogenic drivers. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed tumor genotyping data from 1,683 pts with NSCLC seen at 3 U.S. centers from 2009 – 2012 to determine rates of overlapping alterations in EGFR, KRAS and ALK. Mutations in EGFR and KRAS were mainly identified using the SNaPshot multiplexed assay (&gt;95% of cases). ALK FISH was performed in all cases. To determine if this prevalence is impacted by crizotinib, we also updated our earlier analysis (Katayama et al., Sci Transl Med, 2012) of a series of repeat biopsy specimens from 34 crizotinib-resistant, ALK+ pts. Resistant specimens were examined using ALK FISH, SNaPshot, and direct sequencing of the ALK tyrosine kinase domain (TKD). Results: Screening identified 301 (17.8%) EGFR mutations, 465 (27.6%) KRAS mutations, and 75 (4.4%) ALK rearrangements. EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements were mutually exclusive. 4 pts with KRAS mutations also had abnormal ALK FISH patterns, involving isolated 5’ green probes (3/4 cases) and an isolated 3’ red probe that was unusually small (1/4 cases). Sufficient tissue was available for confirmatory ALK immunohistochemistry (clone 5A4, Novacastra, UK) in 3 of these cases, all of which were negative for ALK expression. Among pts with ALK+ NSCLC and acquired crizotinib resistance, repeat biopsy specimens remained ALK fusion positive in 28/28 (100%) cases. Secondary mutations in the ALK TKD (1151Tins, L1196M, G1202R, S1206Y, and G1269A) were identified in 7/34 (20.6%) cases. L1196M was the most common secondary mutation (3/34, 8.8% cases). ALK gene amplification was present in 3/28 (10.71%) pts. No EGFR or KRAS mutations were identified in 23 crizotinib-resistant, ALK+ pts with sufficient tissue for testing. Conclusions: Functional ALK rearrangements were mutually exclusive with EGFR and KRAS mutations in a large Western patient population. This lack of overlap was also observed in ALK+ pts with acquired resistance to crizotinib.
[Differential expression levels of killer immunoglobin-like receptor genotype in patients with hematological malignancies between high-risk and standard-risk groups]. (2008)

This study was purposed to investigate the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotype in patients with hematological malignancies. The sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) technique was performed for the amplification of six inhibitory KIR genes (KIR2DL1-2DL4, 3DL1-3DL2) and six activating KIR genes (KIR2DS1-S5, 3DS1). The methods of KIR-SSP was used to determine the KIR genotypes of 54 leukemia patients, including 14 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 16 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 20 with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 3 with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 1 with acute myeloid-lymphoblast leukemia (AMLL). 54 patients were classified as high risk group (n = 27) and standard risk group (n = 27). The expression of KIR in NK cells and T cells was detected by flow cytometry. The frequencies of activating KIR genes in standard risk group were higher than those in high risk group, especially 2DS1 (p = 0.014), or 2DS2 (p = 0.046), or 3DS1 (p = 0.027). However, the frequencies of inhibitory KIR genes in standard risk group were similar to those in high risk group (p > 0.05). The frequencies of activating KIR genes were also higher in standard risk patients with acute AML, as compared with those in high risk patients with acute AML, particularly 2DS1 (66.7% vs 29.4%, p = 0.022), 2DS2 (57.6% vs 17.6%, p = 0.013), and 2DS3 (33.3% vs 5.9%, p = 0.039). The percentages of patients in high-risk group who expressed more than two kinds of activating KIRs were lower that those in standard-risk group (p = 0.035). There was no difference in the expressions of CD158a, CD158b, and CD158e on NK cells and T cells between high-risk group and standard-risk group (p > 0.05). In conclusions, different expressions of activating KIR genes were found in patients between high-risk group and standard-risk group.
Ineffective Esophageal Motility Progressing into Distal Esophageal Spasm and Then Type III Achalasia (2016)

The clinical significance of minor esophageal motility disorders is unclear, though they typically carry a benign course. Distal esophageal spasm progressing to achalasia has been reported, although it appears to be rare. We report a case of a patient with dysphagia and chest pain who was found to have ineffective esophageal motility on high-resolution manometry, which developed into distal esophageal spasm and then progressed to type III achalasia.
Is your graduating general surgery resident qualified to take trauma call? A 15-year appraisal of the changes in general surgery education for trauma (2016)

Based on the data, an alarming number of graduates complete training with substantially less experience in defined trauma categories. Because of a decline in operative trauma volume, advanced fellowship training should be encouraged specifically for those interested in a career in trauma and acute care surgery.
First Order Multiple Hypothesis Testing for the Global Nearest Neighbor Data Correlation Approach. (2010)

Abstract: The growing necessity in multiple targets tracking (MTT) in surveillance systems, with the recent dramatic increase in computational capabilities, has lead to a major interest in improving the performance of classical methods, such as the Global Nearest Neighbor (GNN), to enhanced schemes of Data Correlation. Today, the Multiple Hypothesis Testing (MHT) is generally accepted as the preferred approach for MTT systems, as it demonstrates better results in more complicated and uncertain environments. However, embedding such a mechanism to a deployed GNN-based system requires an extensive software change, and may introduce a major engineering risk to the working environment. Moreover, in a system that is deployed at different sites, which addresses operational environments of different complexities, such a change may be too costly and even superfluous. In this paper we will present a method which will address the challenge of multiple targets tracking in changing environments through a First Order Multiple Hypothesis Testing for a Global Nearest Neighbor engine. We will start with presenting the basics of multiple targets tracking, followed by a review of the proposed solution and conclude with simulations to verify its performance in different scenarios. 1
Two-Dimensional Detection in Ion Chromatography:  Sequential Conductometry after Suppression and Passive Hydroxide Introduction (2001)

An improved method that uses sequential suppressed and nonsuppressed IC for the sensitive detection of both common anions and very weak acid anions is described. After suppressed conductometric detection of an electrolytically generated hydroxide eluent and an electrolytic suppressor, the eluent is passed into a membrane device where KOH is passively introduced into the eluent stream using Donnan forbidden leakage. A second conductivity detector then measures the conductivity of the stream. The background conductance of the second detector is typically maintained at a relatively low level of 20-30 microS/ cm. The weak acids are converted to potassium salts that are fully ionized and are detected against a low KOH background as negative peaks. The applicability of different commercially available cation exchange membranes was studied. Device configurations investigated include planar, tubular, and a filament-filled annular helical (FFAH) device. The FFAH device provided more effective mixing of the penetrated hydroxide with the eluent stream, resulting in a noise level of < or = 7 nS/cm and a band dispersion value of less than 82 microL. Optimal design and performance data are presented.
Determination of cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. samples for recreational, medical, and forensic purposes by reversed-phase liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (2018)

Currently, an increasing demand of cannabis-derived products for recreational and medical use is observed. Therefore, the reliable and fast quantification of cannabinoids in hemp samples is essential for the control of product from Cannabis sativa, L. strains. In general, gas chromatography (GC) is the method of choice for the quantification of cannabinoids whereas this method is time consuming and the detection of acidic precursor is not feasible without derivatization. We report the successful development and validation of an accurate and broadly applicable reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method coupled to an ultra violet (UV) detector including an optimized extraction procedure for the separation and quantification of eight different cannabinoids. The optimized method is able to separate cannabidivarin, cannabidiolic acid, cannabigerolic acid, cannabigerol, cannabidiol, cannabinol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid within 10 min. For all target analytes, the %-Bias at the lower and upper calibration range varied from − 1.3 to 10.3% and from − 3.9 to 8.6%, respectively. The most suitable agent for extracting cannabis plant samples was evaluated to be a mixture of acetonitrile and water in a ratio 1:1. The extraction efficiency was more than 95% for all analytes in recreational hemp samples. Stability studies on acidic cannabinoids showed a high likeliness of decarboxylation at 100 °C and aromatization after exposure to UV light, respectively. A modified loss on drying method revealed a moisture content between 4 and 10%. The developed method was successfully applied to measure the cannabinoid content in recreational and forensic hemp samples representing broad range of cannabinoid amounts and patterns. The present work proposes validated methods for the determination of cannabinoids in cannabis samples. The use of RP-HPLC-UV renders this method broadly applicable and allows the detection of acidic precursor in even less time compared to GC-based methods.
Non‐dystrophic myotonia: 2‐year clinical and patient reported outcomes (2022)

Symptom frequency and clinical outcome assessments were stable with defined variability in myotonia measures supporting trial designs like cross over or combined n-of-1 as important for rare disorders.
InGaAs MOS Transistors Fabricated through a Digital-Etch Gate-Recess Process and the Influence of Forming Gas Anneal on Their Electrical Behavior (2012)

InGaAs channel Implant-Free Quantum-Well (IFQW) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFET) were fabricated and characterized using a digital etch gate-recess process. InGaAs surface morphology after the digital etching using different chemistries was investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The digital etch rate was characterized both electrically and physically. The resulting InGaAs surface properties were evaluated by characterizing the IFQW-MOSFETs with an atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) Al2O3 gate dielectric. Well-behaved MOSFET devices were demonstrated indicating the excellent surface properties after the digital etch. Impact of thermal anneals on the device performance was systematically studied and significant improvements were observed after forming gas anneal (FGA). The resulting interface state density (D-it) profiles were characterized applying the conductance method. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Environmental Factors that Unknowingly Increase a Consumer's Food Intake and Consumption Volume (2004)

Package size, plate shape, lighting, socializing, and variety are only a few of the environmental factors that can influence the consumption volume of food far more than most people realize. Although such environmental factors appear unrelated, they generally influence consumption volume by inhibiting consumption monitoring and by suggesting alternative consumption norms. For researchers, this review shows that redirecting our focus to the whys or the psychological mechanisms behind consumption will raise the profile and impact of our research. For health professionals, this review underscores how small structural changes in one's immediate environments can reduce one's unknowing over-consumption of food.
Dynamic role assignment in Software-Defined Wireless Networks (2017)

Software-defined networking paradigms have found their way into wireless edge networks, allowing network slicing, mobility management, and resource allocation. This paper presents dynamic role assignment as a novel approach to software-defined network topology management for wireless edge devices, such as laptops, tablets and smartphones. It combines the centralized control of wireless Network Interface Controller (NIC) modes with Network Function Virtualization (NFV) to integrate network topology transitions as well as network service and application service placement within a single mechanism. Our proposal is evaluated with respect to latency, bandwidth, and power consumption of the edge nodes. The experimental results show significant differences in both bandwidth (up to 18%) and power consumption (up to 15%) for playing different roles, and when using (a) a web proxy and (b) an intrusion prevention system as examples of application services.
Effect of Oxygen Partial Pressure during Firing on Grain Growth Behavior in MgZn Ferrite. (1999)

The excess of Fe2O3 in MgZn ferrite sintered in air easily results in a discontinuous grain growth. On the other hand, ferrites with a deficiency of Fe2O3 in the stoichiometry tend to produce a uniform microstructure irrespective of the sintering atmosphere. The firing at low Po2 is highly effective in suppressing the discontinuous grain growth, and it precipitates the magnesiowustite accompanying the inhibition of grain growth. Highly pure ferrites with excess Fe2O3 never stimulate any discontinuous grain growth and result in a uniform microstructure. The formation of precipitates and liquid phase is correlation to the extent of the grain growth behavior of MgZn ferrite.
Modeling and Efficient Passenger-Oriented Control for Urban Rail Transit Networks (2022)

Real-time timetable scheduling is an effective way to improve passenger satisfaction and to reduce operational costs in urban rail transit networks. In this paper, a novel passenger-oriented network model is developed for real-time timetable scheduling that can model time-dependent passenger origin-destination demands with consideration of a balanced trade-off between model accuracy and computation speed. Then, a model predictive control (MPC) approach is proposed for the timetable scheduling problem based on the developed model. The resulting MPC optimization problem is a nonlinear non-convex problem. In this context, the online computational complexity becomes the main issue for the real-time feasibility of MPC. To reduce the online computational complexity, the MPC optimization problem is therefore reformulated into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem. The resulting MILP problem is exactly equivalent to the original MPC optimization problem and can be solved very efficiently by existing MILP solvers, so that we can obtain the solution very fast and realize real-time timetable scheduling. Numerical experiments based on a part of Beijing subway network show the effectiveness and efficiency of the developed model and the MILP-based MPC method.
Accurate Design Method for Millimeter Wave Distributed Amplifier Based on Four-Port Chain (ABCD) Matrix Model (2022)

This article presents a matrix-based model suitable for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) distributed amplifier (DA) design, based on four-port chain (ABCD) formalism. Using this model, an algorithmic design methodology for DA, built upon a loss-compensation technique, is also provided that maximizes its bandwidth (BW) for a given flatness goal. The design approach provides fast and accurate design space exploration (DSE) plots that enable one to examine the tradeoffs between gain, BW, power consumption ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {P}_{\mathrm {DC}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), and the size and number of Gm-cells, and arrive at the optimum desired design. Its benefit is demonstrated by means of a computer-automated design (CAutoD) example where 55-nm CMOS STMicroelectronics (ST) process is used and DAs with BWs <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ge80$ </tex-math></inline-formula> GHz were desired to be sized; reporting 216 feasible DA options to explore from. The global optimum DA amplifying frequencies up to 100 GHz was then implemented as a circuit prototype. The measured DA provided 6.7-dB power gain while requiring a power consumption ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {P}_{\mathrm {DC}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) of 30 mW from a 1.2-V supply. The chip occupied a total area of 0.83 mm2. Compared to state-of-the-art FET-based small-signal DAs, the fabricated circuit reports the highest gain-bandwidth product (GBP) per <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {P}_{\mathrm {DC}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm {GBP}} \mathord {\left /{ {\vphantom {{\mathrm {GBP}} \mathrm {P}_{\mathrm {DC}}}} }\right. } \mathrm {P}_{\mathrm {DC}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) of 6.01 GHz/mW while being power-efficient.
Diagnostic Dilemma In Discordant Thyroid Function Tests Due To Thyroid Hormone Autoantibodies (2016)

We demonstrates abnormal thyroid function tests caused by THAAbs. The latter were the cause of interference with assays resulting in discrepant test results inconsistent with the clinical presentation. Early recognition would prevent inappropriate patient management.
IκB-Kinase-epsilon (IKKε) over-expression promotes the growth of prostate cancer through the C/EBP-β dependent activation of IL-6 gene expression (2016)

The inflammatory cytokine IL-6 has been shown to induce the nuclear translocation of androgen receptors in prostate cancer cells and to activate the androgen receptors in a ligand-independent manner, suggesting it may contribute to the development of a castrate-resistant phenotype. Elevated IL-6 serum levels have also been associated with metastasis-related morbidity in prostate cancer patients. We have previously established that over-expression of I-kappa-B-kinase-epsilon (IKKε also named IKKi or IκBKε) in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines induces IL-6 secretion. We have also reported that prostate cancer cell lines lacking androgen receptor expression exhibit high constitutive IKKε expression and IL-6 secretion. In the present study, we validated the impact of IKKε depletion on the in vitro proliferation of castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells, and characterized how IKKε depletion affects tumor growth and IL-6 tumor secretion in vivo through a mouse xenograft-based approach. We observed a significant growth delay in IKKε-silenced PC-3 cells injected in SCID mice fed with a doxycycline-supplemented diet in comparison with mice fed with a normal diet. We also found a decrease in IL-6 secretion levels that strongly correlated with tumor growth inhibition. Finally, using constructs with various IL-6-mutated promoters, we demonstrated that IKKε over-expression induces a NF-κB-independent stimulation of the IL-6 gene promoter through the activation and nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor C/EBP-β. Our study demonstrates the pro-proliferative role of the oncogene IKKε in castrate-resistant prostate cancer cell lines, involving the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of C/EBP-β that initiates IL-6 gene expression.
Writer Identification Based on Local Contour Distribution Feature (2014)

A method based on local contour distribution features is proposed for writer identification in this paper. In preprocessing, contours are abstracted form images by an improved Bernson algorithm. Then the Local Contour Distribution Feature (LCDF) is extracted from the fragments which are parts of the contour in sliding windows. In order to reduce the impact of stroke weight, the fragments which do not directly connect the center point are ignored in the feature abstraction procedure. The edge point distributions of the fragments are counted and normalized into LCDFs. At last, the weighted Manhattan distance is used as similarity measurement. The experiments on our database and ICDAR 2011 writer identification database show that the performance of the proposed method reach or exceed those of existing state-of-art methods.