gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Intravenous and Intravesical Administration of Chloro-Aluminum Sulfonated Phthalocyanine for Photodynamic Treatment in a Rat Bladder Cancer Model (1992)

Photodynamic therapy is an experimental treatment of superficial bladder tumors. Photofrin, a mixture of porphyrins, is the only photosensitizer in clinical use in the U.S.A. and its major side effect is prolonged cutaneous phototoxicity. In order to circumvent this problem of phototoxicity, new photosensitizers are being examined. Cutaneous phototoxicity may also be minimized by local administration of photosensitizer. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the photosensitizer chloro-aluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine (CASPc) in vivo in a rat bladder carcinoma model, and compared two different routes of CASPc administration. AY-27 rat bladder carcinoma cells were transplanted into rat bladders. Eight days after tumor transplantation the biodistribution of CASPc in bladder, skin, muscle and bladder tumor was determined by fluorescence measurements after dye extraction. Photosensitizer administered by intravenous injection and intravesical instillation, were compared. The concentration of CASPc in bladder and bladder tumor after intravenous injection and intravesical instillation was similar. The ratio of dye uptake between tumor and normal bladder after either administration was approximately two. Although no systemic absorption of the photosensitizer was observed after intravesical instillation, there was no reduction in tumor uptake or in the ratio between tumor to normal surrounding tissue. Therefore, no systemic side effects of skin phototoxicity are expected upon intravesical instillation. The microscopic biodistribution of CASPc after intravenous injection and intravesical instillation was also compared. After intravenous injection, the photosensitizer was distributed within the whole tumor with increased fluorescence around the microvasculature. In the normal bladder wall, weak fluorescence was seen in the area of the vasculature in the submucosa and the muscularis. After intravesical instillation, strong fluorescence was detected only at the tumor surface and in normal urothelium; no fluorescence was found in other areas of the tumor or in submucosa or muscularis. A comparison of the photodynamic treatment of model bladder tumors showed that tumor destruction after either method was similar but that there were less side effects to normal bladder wall after intravesical instillation of the CASPc. Intravesical administration of photosensitizers may, therefore, be a viable alternative to intravenous injection with potential for reduced systemic and normal tissue toxicity.
Realization of transmission-gate conditional-sum (TGCS) adders with low latency time (1989)

Transmission conditional-sum (TGCS) adders realized in a standard 2.5- mu m CMOS technology are discussed. These adders offer short propagation delay and latency time (12.5 ns for 32-b addition) and consume only moderate chip area (i.e. 80*460 mu m/sup 2/ for 1 b in a 32-b adder). They allow static operation and consume only dynamic power (like standard CMOS). The layout exhibits high regularity and can be easily adjusted to various word lengths. Design and layout techniques are described in detail and experimental data are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cell Transplantation from Limb Allografts (1998)

Butler, Peter E. M. M.B., F.R.C.S.I., F.R.C.S., W. P. Andrew Lee, M.D., C. Derek Sims, M.D.; Randolph, Mark A. M.A.S.; Vacanti, Charles A. M.D.; Yaremchuk, Michael J. M.D. Author Information
Les composantes de l'engagement du cheval à l'obstacle (1995)

National audience
Breeding Technologies in U.S. Meat Goat Production: Who are the Adopters and How Does Adoption Impact Productivity? (2015)

Adoption of advanced breeding technologies and management practices (BTMP) in U.S. meat goat production and their impact were examined. Adopters generally had larger-scale operations, used rotational grazing and/or dry lot systems, and sold larger percentages of animals for breeding and show purposes. Farmer demographics and farm variables also influenced adoption. Complementarity of adoption was found—adopters of one BTMP tended to adopt other BTMPs. Measures of productivity and profitability were not affected by adoption. Goat breed, farmer experience, production system used, and specialization influenced productivity, and farm size had the greatest influence on enterprise profitability.
Fucoxanthin Derivatives: Synthesis and their Chemical Properties (2015)

Novel fucoxanthin derivatives that could change the size of mixed micelles were synthesized. The mixed micelles under consideration consist of a bile acid and some additives. To change the affinity against a bile acid, we designed the synthesis of a fucoxanthin-lithocholic acid complex. Lithocholic acid is one of the bile acids. The 3-OH on lithocholic acid was protected by a levulinyl group, and the protected lithocholic acid was selectively coupled via an ester linkage to the 3-OH on fucoxanthin to obtain levulinyl-protected lithocholyl fucoxanthin (LevLF). The levulinyl group was then selectively deprotected using hydrazine to obtain a lithocholyl fucoxanthin (LF). The average sizes of the micelles that contained these compounds (fucoxanthin, LevLF, and LF) with a bile acid (sodium taurocholate) were measured. The LevLF induced larger micelles than fucoxanthin or LF. Interestingly, the addition of 1-oleoyl-rac-glycerol induced a more efficient change in the micelle size. The large micelles grew larger, and the small micelles became smaller. Triple-mixed micelles with LevLF, sodium taurocholate, and 1-oleoyl-rac-glycerol formed the largest micelle with a diameter of 68 nm. On the other hand, triple-mixed micelles using LF, sodium taurocholate, and 1-oleoyl-rac-glycerol made the smallest micelles with diameters as low as 12 nm. We also investigated the hydrolysis of these compounds with enzymes (esterase from porcine liver, lipase from porcine pancreas, and cholesterol esterase from Pseudomonas sp.). The ester linkage between the lithocholic acid and fucoxanthin of LevLF was hydrolyzed with cholesterol esterase. In addition, the intestinal absorption was examined with Caco-2 cells, and no advantageous change in absorption efficiency was observed by chemically modifying the fucoxanthin unless different micelles sizes and increasing hydrophobicity are induced.
Steroids and Steroidases. XI. Synthetic Approaches to C-17 Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino Compounds as Potential Precursors of 17-Hydroxyandrostane Nitrogen Mustards (1971)

The synthesis of some potential nitrogen mustard precursor 17α-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethyl androst-17β-ol derivatives has been achieved by two routes. During the investigation, unequivocal proof was obtained that addition of cyanide to 17-keto steroids gives predominantly 17β-hydroxy-17α-cyano epimers.
A Universal Deposition Protocol for Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells with High Efficiency Based on Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskite Families (2016)

A robust and expedient gas quenching method is developed for the solution deposition of hybrid perovskite thin films. The method offers a reliable standard practice for the fabrication of a non-exhaustive variety of perovskites exhibiting excellent film morphology and commensurate high performance in both regular and inverted structured solar cell architectures.
Bone and cartilage regenerative medicine in maxillofacial region (2015)

In maxillofacial region, reconstruction of defects after inflammation, trauma, tumor resection and congenital anomaly should be functional and aesthetic. Meanwhile, recent approaches using regenerative medicine have shown great potential, enabling functionally and esthetically-satisfying reconstructions with less invasive manner. This review describes such regenerative medicine of bone in maxillofacial region, including transplantation of particulate cancellous bone and marrow (PCBM) in combination with a titanium mesh tray, and custom-made artificial bone (CT-Bone). Our preclinical and clinical study on tissue-engineered cartilage for patients with cleft-lip and nose is also covered.
Electronic medical records and communication with patients and other clinicians: are we talking less? (2010)

Commercial electronic medical records (EMRs) both help and hinder physician interpersonal communication--real-time, face-to-face or phone conversations--with patients and other clinicians, according to a new Center for Studying Health System Change (HSC) study based on in-depth interviews with clinicians in 26 physician practices. EMRs assist real-time communication with patients during office visits, primarily through immediate access to patient information, allowing clinicians to talk with patients rather than search for information from paper records. For some clinicians, however, aspects of EMRs pose a distraction during visits. Moreover, some indicated that clinicians may rely on EMRs for information gathering and transfer at the expense of real-time communication with patients and other clinicians. Given time pressures already present in many physician practices, EMR and office-work flow modifications could help ensure that EMRs advance care without compromising interpersonal communication. In particular, policies promoting EMR adoption should consider incorporating communication-skills training for medical trainees and clinicians using EMRs.
Comprehensive Multicenter Study of the Common Isthmus in Post–Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Multiple-Loop Atrial Tachycardia (2018)

Multiple-loop ATs are complex, frequently including anatomic circuits. They have specific characteristics determined by the combination of AMAT and non-AMAT.
Modelling cost-effectiveness of different vasectomy methods in India, Kenya, and Mexico (2007)

Based on the results presented, more effective methods of vasectomy--including FI, thermal cautery, and thermal cautery combined with FI--are more cost-effective than L and E alone. Analysis shows that for a programme in which a minimum of 20 clients undergo vasectomies per month, the cost per CYP is reduced in all three countries by updated vasectomy methods.
Temperature-cycle single-molecule FRET microscopy on polyprolines (2010)

Accessing the microsecond dynamics of a single fluorescent molecule in real time is difficult because molecular fluorescence rates usually limit the time resolution to milliseconds. We propose to apply single-molecule temperature-cycle microscopy to probe molecular dynamics at microsecond timescales. Here, we follow donor and acceptor signals of single FRET-labeled polyprolines in glycerol to investigate their conformational dynamics. We observe a steady-state FRET efficiency distribution which differs from theoretical distributions for isotropically orientated fluorescent labels. This may indicate that the orientation of fluorescent labels in glycerol is not isotropic and may reflect the influence of the dye linkers. With proper temperature-cycle parameters, we observed large FRET changes in long series of cycles of the same molecule. We attribute the main conformational changes to reorientations of the fluorescent labels with respect to the oligopeptide chain, which take place in less than a few microseconds at the highest temperature of the cycle (250 K). We were able to follow the FRET efficiency of a particular construct for more than 2000 cycles. This trajectory displays switching between two conformations, which give rise to maxima in the FRET efficiency histogram. Our experiments open the possibility to study biomolecular dynamics at a time scale of a few microseconds at the single-molecule level.
Implementation of Farrow structure based interpolators with subfilters of odd length (2004)

Interpolation filters are used to interpolate new sample values at arbitrary points between existing discrete-time samples. An interesting class of such filters is polynomial-based interpolation filter. These filters can be efficiently implemented using the Farrow structure and its modifications. Traditionally, the polynomial based interpolation filters have been implemented by using Farrow structure with finite impulse response (FIR) subfilters of even length. This paper presents the modification of the Farrow structure, which can have FIR subfilters of odd length. Applying the proposed modification of this paper will result in a natural implementation form for even order Lagrange and spline based interpolators. The obtained results provides more freedom in designing Farrow structure based filters, as structures with odd and even length FIR subfilters may be equally applied. These results are extended to a modified Farrow structure case as well, in which the number of multipliers is nearly halved.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel NTP Derivatives (1999)

Abstract Simple method for the preparation of anhydrides of nucleoside-5′-monophosphoric acid and with 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diylbis(phosphonic acid) has been developed.
Structural integrity assessment: examples and case studies (2003)

The aim of this major reference work is to provide a first point of entry to the literature for the researchers in any field relating to structural integrity in the form of a definitive research/reference tool which links the various sub-disciplines that comprise the whole of structural integrity.Special emphasis will be given to the interaction between mechanics and materials and structural integrity applications. Because of the interdisciplinary and applied nature of the work, it will be of interest to mechanical engineers and materials scientists from both academic and industrial backgrounds including bioengineering, interface engineering and nanotechnology.The scope of this work encompasses, but is not restricted to:fracture mechanics, fatigue, creep, materials, dynamics, environmental degradation, numerical methods, failure mechanisms and damage mechanics, interfacial fracture and nano-technology, structural analysis, surface behaviour and heart valves.The structures under consideration include:pressure vessels and piping, off-shore structures, gas installations and pipelines, chemical plants, aircraft, railways, bridges, plates and shells, electronic circuits, interfaces, nanotechnology, artificial organs, biomaterial prostheses, cast structures, mining... and more. Case studies will form an integral part of the work.
6 VITRIFICATION OF BOVINE EMBRYOS WITHOUT ANIMAL-DERIVED PRODUCTS (2004)

Media free of animal products would facilitate import and export requirements for embryos. Our goal was to test replacement of bovine serum albumin (BSA) (2.5 μg/mL) with sodium hyaluronate (SH) (4.2 μg/mL, 12.5 μg/mL, or 37.5 μg/mL) as the macromolecule in a very simple system in which embryos were vitrified in 0.25-mL straws suitable for direct embryo transfer. Day 7 blastocysts (n = 384) were produced in vitro with semen of 3 bulls, 2 replicates each. For vitrification, embryos were placed into chemically defined, HEPES-buffered medium (HCDM-2) and then transferred to V1 (5 M ethylene glycol, 0.5 M galactose in HCDM-2 plus BSA or SH) for 3 min. Next, embryos were placed in a 6-μL drop of V2 (7 M ethylene glycol, 0.5 M galactose, and 18% w/v Ficoll 70 in HCDM-2 plus BSA or SH) for 45 s. During equilibration, dilution medium (0.5 M galactose in HCDM-2 plus BSA or SH) was aspirated into 0.25 mL straws, followed by the 6-μL drop of V2 plus embryos, and a final short column of dilution medium. When 45 s had elapsed, the heat-sealed end of straw was dipped into liquid nitrogen to cover the embryo and then plunged slowly. Straws were thawed in air for 10 s and then in 37°C water for 20 s. Straws were then shaken like a clinical thermometer 4 times to mix columns, and held in 37°C water for 10 min before expelling embryos to be rinsed and cultured in CDM-2 + 5% FCS. Survival (as determined by expansion of blastocysts), quality score (1 = excellent, 2 = fair, 3 = poor), inner cell mass quality (ICM) (1 = large and compact, 2 = clearly visible, 3 = not discernable), and blastocyst stage (5 = early, 6 = full, 7 = expanded, 8 = hatching, 9 = hatched) were evaluated 24 h post-thaw and analyzed by ANOVA. Due to poor embryo recovery from straws in replicates 1–3, 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was added to vitrification solutions in replicates 4–6. Survival was calculated as a percentage of noncryopreserved controls in the same replicate (control: survival 93%, quality 1.52, ICM 1.43, stage 7.47). The lowest dose of SH replaced BSA efficaciously with this vitrification procedure (Table 1). Addition of PVA greatly improved all responses (main effects): recovery 99% vs. 69%; survival 78% vs. 53%; quality 2.07 vs. 2.43; ICM 2.10 vs. 2.47; stage 5.98 vs. 4.94; all P &lt; 0.001. Successful vitrification of embryos in solutions containing 4.2 μg/mL SH plus PVA in place of BSA in 0.25 mL straws, from which embryos can be transferred directly, further increases the appeal of vitrification as an alternative to conventional cryopreservation.
Long-Term ECG in Pheochromocytoma (1985)

In 13 patients with pheochromocytoma (in all but 2 cases localization by scintigraphy) investigations using Holter long-term ECG were performed under medication with alpha- and beta-sympathicolytic drugs under bed rest conditions. The incidence of ventricular dysrhythmias hardly exceeded the extent of a normal control group. In 1 case alpha-methyltyrosine caused a first to second degree AV block and beyond this a stable high frequency sinus rate without any adaptation to the environmental requests. In 12 patients the frequency profile showed sudden and inadequate rises of heart rate up to 200% of very short duration, reaching their maximum within about 20 s of the onset of muscular activity. Although less pronounced, these characteristics were still found 1-2 weeks after operation. In our opinion the heart rate profiles described reveal a dysfunction of the entire autonomus nervous system in pheochromocytoma.
A combined analytical and experimental study on space inflatable booms (2002)

Development and infusion of break-through technologies is needed to enable better, faster and cheaper space missions to be flown in the future. One of these technologies, space inflatable structure, is currently receiving much attention. The use of space inflatable structures can potentially revolutionize the architecture and design of many large, lightweight space systems that must have extremely high packing efficiency at launch and be reliably deployed in space. Examples of these systems include sunshields, solar arrays, solar sails, telescopes, concentrators, and space radar antennae. To facilitate effective designs of these space inflatable systems, the behaviors of their fundamental, building-block structural elements, the inflatable booms, need to be thoroughly characterized and understood. This paper presents experimental and analytical study results on different types of space inflatable booms, including the self-rigidizable carpenter-tape-reinforced aluminum laminate booms.
G071021 An Investigation on Potential of Combustion Improvement by Direct Injection in a Natural Gas Engine (2013)

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of direct injection (DI) for improvement of thermal efficiency of a compressed natural gas (CNG) engine. The thermal efficiency, burning velocity, combustion stability and exhaust emissions of the DI were compared to those of conventional PFI under various engine loads and equivalence ratio conditions. The thermal efficiency of the CNG engine was improved by DI particularly at low engine loads and lean mixture conditions as a result of improved burning velocity. However, at high load condition, the thermal efficiency of DI was lower than that of conventional PFI due to insignificant improvement in burning velocity and insufficient mixing time. The DI showed higher unburned emissions than PFI regardless of engine operating conditions due to insufficient mixing time and corresponding deterioration in mixing quality.
An Integrated Nano-Structured Heat Spreader for High Heat Flux Electronic Systems (2010)

With the increase in power densities and decrease in chip and electronic package dimensions, their thermal management is a challenge and is a focus of several ongoing research efforts. To achieve the desired thermal management for optimal device operation, heat generated by the chip has to be effectively transferred to the ambient via several structures of the electronic package. Hence the need for development of high thermal conductivity structures is of prime importance. Heat spreaders quickly spread the heat generated by the chips over a larger area from where it is conducted to the ambient via heat sink. Heat-spreading research from a materials view point involves direct combination of high thermal conductivity materials within the microprocessor substrate. In this paper, a novel nano heat spreader design is proposed. Highly conductive graphene layer is integrated on a silicon carbide substrate on one side and thin films of carbon nano tubes as thermal interface material on the other side. Analytical solutions and case studies are presented to show that the proposed approach for the heat spreader design can yield very high effective thermal conductivity while remaining mechanically flexible, as required for reducing thermal stresses.
Measurements of Spectral Emission and Absorption of a High Pressure Xenon Arc in the Stationary and the Flashed Modes (1968)

Concurrently with emission measurements of a high pressure xenon arc in the spectral range 3000 A to 2 micro, its absorption in the ir was measured by a technique based on modulating the less intense radiation of a carbon arc used as background source. The emission measurements were repeated with a rapid scanning spectrometer while flashing the xenon arc for 0.1 see at 10 kW, which is five times the normal power input. The arc showed excellent stability and reproducibility both in the stationary and the flashed modes. The intensity increase of the continuum was proportional to the increase of power input during the flash. A simple expression was derived connecting the spectral radiance of the continuum directly with the temperature and pressure of the arc. The temperature profile of the xenon arc was obtained using this expression and also by applying the Planck-Kirchhoff method to the Abel inverted emission and absorption of an ir xenon line. Both approaches show fair agreement at the arc center. The wavelength dependence of the correction factor for departures from hydrogenic behavior of the xenon continuum was derived from the measured spectral radiances and compared with theoretical calculations.
Towards Actualizing Network Autonomy (2020)

This chapter focuses on how the cognitive autonomous vision can be impacted by the operations framework/environment. It lays out a vision on the expectations of cognitive autonomy, the challenges of network modelling and creating ever more abstract representations of the network, as well as the implications of cognition for the architectural and functional design of networks. The chapter describes what would be expected from a network management perspective and relates it to other high-level goals including intent-based operations. It discusses the concepts of development operations (DevOps) and their inter-relations with cognitive management. With its intrinsic agility, DevOps provides the baseline to successfully implement machine learning and artificial intelligence capabilities and put it in production for cognitive autonomous network operations. Finally, given the central role of data to the entire cognitive management paradigm, the chapter closes with a discussion on the value and implication of data in cognitive network operations.