gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyol Syntheses of Palladium Decahedra and Icosahedra as Pure Samples by Maneuvering the Reaction Kinetics with Additives (2014)

This article reports a robust method based upon polyol reduction for the deterministic synthesis of Pd decahedra or icosahedra with tunable sizes and a purity approaching 100%. The success of such a selective synthesis relies on an ability to fine-tune the reaction kinetics through the addition of Na2SO4 and HCl for decahedra and icosahedra, respectively. In the absence of any additive, the product of a similar synthesis in diethylene glycol contained 10% decahedra and 90% icosahedra. By optimizing the amount of Na2SO4 (or HCl) added into the reaction solution, the percent of decahedra (or icosahedra) in the product could be increased up to 100%. The roles of Na2SO4 and HCl were also investigated in great detail, and two plausible mechanisms were proposed and validated through a set of experiments. In general, a faster reduction rate is needed for the synthesis of Pd decahedra when compared with what is needed for Pd icosahedra. This work not only offers a simple approach to the deterministic syntheses of Pd decahedra and icosahedra but also provides an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms involved in shape-controlled syntheses of noble-metal nanocrystals from the perspective of reaction kinetics. On the basis of the mechanistic understanding, we have also achieved successful synthesis of Pd decahedra as pure samples by adding a proper amount of NaOH into the system to speed up the reduction kinetics.
Distribution of aggA and aafA gene sequences among Escherichia coli isolates with genotypic or phenotypic characteristics, or both, of enteroaggregative E. coli (1999)

Two types of fimbriae, designated aggregative adherence fimbria I and II (AAF/I and AAF/II) have been described in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strains. These fimbriae mediate the aggregative pattern of adherence (AA) to epithelial cells. The genes encoding the structural subunit of each fimbria have been designated aggA and aafA, respectively. The prevalence of these genes was investigated in 155 faecal EAEC isolates that displayed AA to HeLa cells and were isolated from children in São Paulo, Brazil. Hybridisation assays with aggA and aafA sequences showed that 9.7% of these isolates carried aggA, 3.9% aafA, and none hybridised with both sequences. Of the 78 isolates displaying AA that reacted with the previously described EAEC probe (CVD432), 19.2% and 7.7% hybridised with the aggA and aafA probes, respectively. None of the 77 isolates displaying AA but lacking the EAEC probe sequence hybridised with either probe. These results clearly indicate that additional factors are involved in the AA phenotype in these EAEC strains.
Ultrasensitive Memristive Synapses Based on Lightly Oxidized Sulfide Films (2017)

For biological synapses, high sensitivity is crucial for transmitting information quickly and accurately. Compared to biological synapses, memristive ones show a much lower sensitivity to electrical stimuli since much higher voltages are needed to induce synaptic plasticity. Yet, little attention has been paid to enhancing the sensitivity of synaptic devices. Here, electrochemical metallization memory cells based on lightly oxidized ZnS films are found to show highly controllable memristive switching with an ultralow SET voltage of several millivolts, which likely originates from a two-layer structure of ZnS films, i.e., the lightly oxidized and unoxidized layers, where the filament rupture/rejuvenation is confined to the two-layer interface region several nanometers in thickness due to different ion transport rates in these two layers. Based on such devices, an ultrasensitive memristive synapse is realized where the synaptic functions of both short-term plasticity and long-term potentiation are emulated by applying electrical stimuli several millivolts in amplitude, whose sensitivity greatly surpasses that of biological synapses. The dynamic processes of memorizing and forgetting are mimicked through a 5 × 5 memristive synapse array. In addition, the ultralow operating voltage provides another effective solution to the relatively high energy consumption of synaptic devices besides reducing the operating current and pulse width.
Optical Burst Signal Receiver for ONU in Optical Switched Access Network (2010)

To economically realize optical burst signal receivers for the Optical Network Unit (ONU) in the Ethernet Optical Switched Access Network (E-OSAN), we previously introduced optical burst receivers with AC-coupling and DC-coupling using off the shelf components, evaluated them, and then showed that the AC-coupling version had better performance. This paper proposes optical burst signal receivers that are based on the transfer function of order n, G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> (s)=1-H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> (s), where H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> (s) denotes a Bessel filter transfer function of order n. We present a design method for the proposed receivers and show their performances. We confirm that the proposed optical burst receiver has better performance than the previous AC-coupling one, and that raising the order of the transfer function improves receiver performance.
CB2: A child robot with biomimetic body for cognitive developmental robotics (2007)

This paper presents a new research platform, CB <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , a child robot with biomimetic body for cognitive developmental robotics [1] developed by the Socially-Synergistic Intelligence (Hereafter, Socio-SI) group of JST ERATO Asada Project. The Socio-SI group has focused on the design principles of communicative and intelligent machines and human social development through building a humanoid robot that has physical and perceptual structures close to us, that enables safe and close interactions with humans. For this purpose, CB <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> was designed, especially in order to establish and maintain a long-term social interaction between human and robot. The most significant features of CB <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> are a whole-body soft skin (silicon surface with many tactile sensors underneath) and flexible joints (51 pneumatic actuators). The fundamental capabilities and the preliminary experiments are shown, and the future work is discussed.
Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems: Fourteenth Volume (1995)

Description The latest edition featuring up to date information on pesticide applications, formulation techniques, innovations in the agrochemical field and related current government agricultural regulations. In addition to a comprehensive twenty-year historical review of the ASTM Committee E-35 on Pesticides, this publication features twenty-eight peer-reviewed papers divided into the following three categories: Pesticide Application Technology and Off-Target Effects-- Ten papers focus on different aspects of pesticide application technology, including spray cloud characteristics,electrostatics and a practical tank mixing evaluation procedure, as well as the impact of drift and evaporation of pesticide sprays, pesticide container regulations and recycling. Formulation Technology-- Polymers, varying surfactants, water soluble and water dispersible granules are explored in seven papers. Formulation Modifications and Biological Effects-- Eleven papers deal with the biological impact of formulation changes such as stability and pH effects, adhesion, and numerous controlled release technologies.
Reactivity of 2-Acetyl-3-hydroxymaleimide Derivatives. I. Reaction with Amines (1979)

2-Acetyl-3-hydroxymaleimide derivatives (1a, b) reacted with various amines to give the corresponding anilino and hydrazino derivatives, and heterocyclic compounds such as pyrazoles, pyrrolidino [3, 4-c] pyrazoles, and pyrrolidino [3, 4-e] [1, 4] diazepines.
Methyltetrahydrofolate vs Folic Acid Supplementation in Idiopathic Recurrent Miscarriage with Respect to Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T and A1298C Polymorphisms: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01976676.
Molecular Mechanisms of HIV-1 Syncytial Apoptosis (2005)

Introduction ....................................................................................................................................271 The Formation of Syncytia ............................................................................................................272
Remote experiments with test-plane on a distributed optical switched network testbed (2016)

We demonstrated a remote-lab environment for a distributed optical network testbed which enables the optical-layer through IP-layer experiments. The automated remote test and experiment capability is beneficial to both the testbeds and future networks.
Outstanding Piezoelectricity of (K, Na)(Nb, Sb)O3-SrZrO3-(Bi, Ag)ZrO3 Piezoceramics and Their Application to a Planar-Type Actuator (2021)

Abstract Fe 2 O 3 -added 0.96(K 0.5 Na 0.5 )(Nb 0.94 Sb 0.06 )-0.01SrZrO 3 -0.03(BiAg)ZrO 3 [KNNS-0.01SZ-0.03BAZ] piezoceramic was well densified at 1090 °C. It exhibited a large piezoelectric charge constant ( d 33 ) of 650 pC/N, which is similar to the largest d 33 value reported in the literature. This sample has a tetragonal-orthorhombic-rhombohedral (T-O-R) structure, in which each structure has a similar proportion. Moreover, nanodomains (2 nm × 15 nm) with low domain boundary energy were found in this sample, which exhibited relaxor properties. Therefore, the presence of a T-O-R multi-structure and nanodomains is responsible for the large d 33 value of this sample. A KNNS-0.01SZ-0.03BAZ thick film was synthesized, and it also had a T-O-R multi-structure with a large d 33 (630 pC/N). A planar-type actuator was produced using this thick film, and this actuator exhibited a large acceleration (335 G at 120 V/mm) and displacement (231 μm at 120 V/mm). Hence, the KNNS-0.01SZ-0.03BAZ thick film is a good candidate for lead-free piezoelectric actuators.
A Steady-State Analysis Method for a Modular Multilevel Converter (2012)

Modular multilevel converters (MMC) are considered a top converter alternative for voltage-source converter (VSC) high-voltage, direct current (HVDC) applications. Main circuit design and converter performance evaluation are always important issues to consider before installing a VSC-HVDC system. Investigation into a steady-state analysis method for an MMC-based VSC-HVDC system is necessary. This paper finds a circular interaction among the electrical quantities in an MMC. Through this circular interaction, a key equation can be established to solve the unknown circulating current. A new steady-state model is developed to simply and accurately describe the explicit analytical expressions for various voltage and current quantities in an MMC. The accuracy of the expressions is improved by the consideration of the circulating current when deriving all the analytical expressions. The model's simplicity is demonstrated by having only one key equation to solve. Based on the analytical expressions for the arm voltages, the equivalent circuits for MMC are proposed to improve the current understanding of the operation of MMC. The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are verified by comparing its results with the simulation and experimental results.
PWM Series Dimming for Slow-Dynamics HPF LED Drivers: the High-Frequency Approach (2011)

This paper deals with the capability of pulse width modulation (PWM) dimming operation added to the high-power factor-integrated buck-flyback converter (IBFC), which was developed in previous works for LED lighting applications. First, the two main dimming techniques will be introduced, namely, analog dimming and PWM dimming. Then, the three main PWM dimming schemes found in the literature, that is, enable dimming, series dimming, and parallel dimming, will be briefly discussed. Afterwards, the IBFC topology will be tested performing both analog and enable dimming. In addition, a new proposal is introduced: the high-frequency series PWM dimming technique, which overcomes all the challenges faced when developing PWM dimming capabilities in low slew-rate constant-current fixed-frequency-controlled converters and offers all the advantages of PWM dimming over analog dimming while maintaining good efficiency. The proposed dimming-technique control loop, as well as the laboratory tests, will be presented, discussed, and compared to analog dimming and PWM dimming, showing satisfactory results in terms of dimming ratio, input current total harmonic distortion (THD <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</sub> ), and power factor.
Gate Sizing for Cell-Library-Based Designs (2009)

With increasing time-to-market pressure and shortening semiconductor product cycles, more and more chips are being designed with library-based methodologies. In spite of this shift, the problem of discrete gate sizing has received significantly less attention than its continuous counterpart. On the other hand, cell sizes of many realistic libraries are sparse, for example, geometrically spaced, which makes the nearest rounding approach inapplicable as large timing violations may be introduced. Therefore, it is highly desirable to design an effective algorithm to handle this discrete gate-sizing problem. Such an algorithm is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is a continuous-solution-guided dynamic-programming-like approach. A set of novel techniques, such as locality-sensitive-hashing-based solution pruning, is also proposed to accelerate the algorithm. Our experimental results demonstrate that 1) the nearest rounding approach often leads to large timing violations and 2) compared to the well-known Coudert's approach, the new algorithm saves up to 21% in area cost while still satisfying the timing constraint.
Anti-CD4 activity of normal human immunoglobulin G for therapeutic use. (Intravenous immunoglobulin, IVIg). (1994)

The effects of intravenously administered normal immunoglobulin G (IVIg) in autoimmune diseases are dependent on the ability of IVIg to interact with surface molecules of lymphocytes. In the present study, we demonstrate the presence of anti-CD4 activity in IVIg by showing the ability of IVIg to bind to CD4 and to inhibit CD4-dependent cellular functions. Binding of IVIg to recombinant soluble human CD4 was assessed by ELISA, immunoblotting and real time analysis of complex formation. Anti-CD4 antibodies isolated from IVIg by affinity-chromatography bound to human CD4+ T cells. These anti-CD4 antibodies inhibited proliferative responses in MLR and infection of CD4+ human T cells with HIV. These results indicate that IVIg contains antibodies reactive with human CD4 and that these anti-CD4 antibodies exhibit biological functions. The presence of anti-CD4 antibodies in IVIg may be relevant to the immunoregulatory effects of normal polyspecific immunoglobulin G.
Finding Logically Consistent Resource-Deception Plans for Defense in Cyberspace (2007)

We explore a new approach to defense of computer systems, deliberately deceiving attackers as to resource availability. This can be more effective than outright denial of access because it encourages an attacker to waste time continuing their attack. But effective deceptions must be consistent to convince an adversary. We are exploring automated methods for maintaining logical consistency by tracking assertions made so far with associated causal and other indirect implications. We have built a deception planner that takes as input as sequence of operating-system commands and finds the possible consistent deceptions as per our logical constraints, and rates the deceptions using several criteria. In a test on a generic planning model of rootkit installation, it found 72 of 558 possible deceptions were acceptable and rated them.
Shedding and stability of CWD prion seeding activity in cervid feces (2020)

CWD is an emergent prion disease that now affects cervid species on three continents. CWD is efficiently spread in wild and captive populations, likely through both direct animal contact and environmental contamination. Here, by longitudinally assaying in feces of CWD-exposed white-tailed deer by RT-QuIC, we demonstrate fecal shedding of prion seeding activity months before onset of clinical symptoms and continuing throughout the disease course. We also examine the impact of simulated environmental conditions such as repeated freeze-thaw cycles and desiccation on fecal prion seeding activity. We found that while multiple (n = 7) freeze-thaw cycles substantially decreased fecal seeding activity, desiccation had little to no effect on seeding activity. Finally, we examined whether RT-QuIC testing of landscape fecal deposits could distinguish two premises with substantial known CWD prevalence from one in which no CWD-infected animals had been detected. In the above pilot study, this distinction was possible. We conclude that fecal shedding of CWD prions occurs over much of the disease course, that environmental factors influence prion seeding activity, and that it is feasible to detect fecal prion contamination using RT-QuIC.
Efficacy of Clodinafop and Row Spacing in Controlling Weeds in Gobhi Sarson (Brassica napus var. oleracea) (2007)

A field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2002–03 and 2003–04 to study the effect of clodinafop and row spacing on weed management and productivity of Gobhi sarson (Brassica napus var. oleracea). An effective control of grassy weeds and broad-leaved weeds was obtained particularly with clodinafop 75 g/ha (post.) with sequential application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha (pre.) fb. clodinafop 45 g/ha (post.) and with pendimethalin 1.5 kg/ha (pre.). These herbicides significantly reduced the total weed dry matter and count and were statistically at par with hand weeding twice and resulted in yield comparable to hand weeding twice. The per cent increase in the yield due to hand weeding, clodinafop 75 g/ha (post.), sequential application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha (pre.) fb. 0.45 g/ha (post.) and pendimethalin 1.5 kg/ha (pre.) was 130.4, 125.4, 127.9 and 119.4, respectively, over unweeded check. Sowing of gobhi sarson at closer row spacing of 20 cm also resulted in significantly higher seed yield and lower count and dry matter of grassy, broad-leaved and total weeds thereby resulting in higher weed control efficiency over 30 cm row spacing.
Centrifugal Microfluidic Platform for Rapid, Multiplexed Detection of TB and HIV Biomarkers in Whole Blood Samples (2017)

Infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis represents a significant threat to people with immune disorders, such as HIV-positive individuals, and can result in significant health complications or death if not diagnosed and treated early. We present a centrifugal microfluidic platform for multiplexed detection of tuberculosis and HIV biomarkers in human whole blood with minimal sample preparation and a sample-to-answer time of 30 minutes. This multiplexed assay was developed for the detection of two M.tuberculosis secreted proteins, whose secretion represents an active and ongoing infection, as well as detection of HIV p24 protein and human anti-p24 antibodies. The limit of detection for this multiplex assay is in the pg/mL range for both HIV and M.tuberculosis proteins, making this assay potentially useful in the clinical diagnosis of both HIV and Tuberculosis proteins indicative of active infection. Antigen detection for the HIV assay sensitivity was 89%, the specificity 85%. Serological detection had 100% sensitivity and specificity for the limited sample pool. The centrifugal microfluidic platform presented here offers the potential for a portable, fast and inexpensive multiplexed diagnostic device that can be used in resource-limited settings for diagnosis of TB and HIV.
Unscented Kalman filtering for additive noise case: augmented vs. non-augmented (2005)

This paper concerns the unscented Kalman filtering (UKF) for the nonlinear dynamic systems with additive process and measurement noises. We find that under some condition, the basic difference between them is that the augmented UKF draws sigma set only once within a filtering recursion while the non-augmented UKF has to redraw a new set of sigma points to incorporate the effect of additive process noise. This difference generally favors the augmented UKF. The analyses are supported by a representative example.
Technical Note: Time lag correction of aquatic eddy covariance data measured in the presence of waves (2015)

Abstract. Extracting benthic oxygen fluxes from eddy covariance time series measured in the presence of surface gravity waves requires careful consideration of the temporal alignment of the vertical velocity and the oxygen concentration. Using a model based on linear wave theory and measured eddy covariance data, we show that substantial erroneous fluxes can arise if these two variables are not aligned correctly in time. We refer to this error in flux as the time lag bias. In one example, produced with the wave model, we found that an offset of 0.25 s between the oxygen and the velocity data produced a two-fold overestimation of the flux. In another example, relying on nighttime data measured over a seagrass meadow, a similar offset reversed the flux from an uptake of −50 mmol m−2 d−1 to a release of 40 mmol m−2 d−1. The bias is most acute for data measured at shallow-water sites with short-period waves and low current velocities. At moderate or higher current velocities (&gt; 5–10 cm s−1), the bias usually is insignificant. The widely used traditional time shift correction for data measured in unidirectional flows, where the maximum numerical flux is sought, should not be applied in the presence of waves because it tends to maximize the time lag bias. Based on wave model predictions and measured data, we propose a new time lag correction that minimizes the time lag bias. The correction requires that time series of both vertical velocity and oxygen concentration contain a clear periodic wave signal. Because wave motions are often evident in eddy covariance data measured at shallow-water sites, we encourage more work on identifying new time lag corrections. On that premise, we make all raw data used in this study available to interested users.
Double‐pulsed diffusional kurtosis imaging (2014)

Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) is extended to double-pulsed-field-gradient (d-PFG) diffusion MRI sequences. This gives a practical approach for acquiring and analyzing d-PFG data. In particular, the leading d-PFG effects, beyond what conventional single-pulsed field gradient (s-PFG) provides, are interpreted in terms of the kurtosis for a diffusion displacement probability density function (dPDF) in a six-dimensional (6D) space. The 6D diffusional kurtosis encodes the unique information provided by d-PFG sequences up to second order in the b-value. This observation leads to a compact expression for the signal magnitude, and it suggests novel data acquisition and analysis methods. Double-pulsed DKI (DP-DKI) is demonstrated for in vivo mouse brain with d-PFG data obtained at 7 T. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.