gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retinoids as chemopreventive agents for breast cancer. (1992)

Although several retinoids have been evaluated for prevention of mammary carcinogenesis in rats and mice, retinyl acetate (RA) and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) proved most effective. In rats, dietary administration of the retinoids reduced the incidence and number, and increased the latency of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary cancers. 4-HPR reduced the number of hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) in MTV- mice and the number of tumors in MTV+ mice. Other studies indicate that the synergistic effect of retinoid administration and hormonal deprivation is more efficacious in prevention of MNU-induced mammary cancer than either modality alone. Furthermore, retinoids alone and the combination of retinoid and tamoxifen inhibit the appearance of mammary cancers following the surgical removal of the first cancer as well as inhibit the growth of established cancers. Again, the combined modality was the most effective. Retinoids also exert an antiproliferative effect upon the mammary epithelium in vivo, which is represented morphologically by a bare duct system with little branching, end buds, and few, if any, alveoli. In organ culture, retinoids inhibit mammary end bud differentiation and proliferation induced by insulin and prolactin or carcinogens.
Estimation of Viscosities of Liquid Alloys. (1993)

The effects of composition and temperature on viscosities of liquid metals have been studied by systematical analysis of data found in the literature to estimate the viscosities of liquid alloys. These viscosities are expressed by the following equations: n=A exp(BIRT)
World Trade Organization (2008)

The success of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/World Trade Organization (WTO) as an international institution is widely acknowledged. Among multilateral institutions, the GATT/WTO has adopted a distinctive approach as a forum for international negotiation, based on reciprocal negotiations (over market access) that occur on a voluntary basis between pairs of countries or among small numbers of countries; the results of these bilateral negotiations are then ‘multilateralized’ to the full GATT/WTO membership under the GATT/WTO principle of non-discrimination. This article describes how recent economic research has attempted to understand and interpret these key design features of the GATT/ WTO.
An adaptive FPGA implementation of multi-core K-nearest neighbour ensemble classifier using dynamic partial reconfiguration (2012)

Classification of highly dimensional Microarray data using K-nearest neighbour (K-NN) is a time-consuming task when implemented on general purpose processors (GPPs), and such it can benefit greatly from a parallel hardware implementation. In this work, an FPGA implementation of the K-NN classifier is presented and compared with an equivalent implementation running on GPP. Then, a novel FPGA-based multi-core implementation of the K-NN ensemble classifier, which exploits dynamic partial reconfiguration (DPR) is presented. The FPGA implementation of the single core K-NN classifier was found to be 92× faster than a GPP implementation, and the ensemble implementation was found to offer ~5× speed-up of the FPGA reconfiguration time. In addition, the paper investigates the effect of data dimensionality on classification time on both FPGAs and GPPs, showing that FPGAs scale up better than GPPs with higher data dimensionality.
Pentobarbital versus medetomidine-ketamine-fentanyl anaesthesia: effects on haemodynamics and the incidence of ischaemia-induced ventricular fibrillation in swine (2004)

The present study was performed to compare haemodynamic variables at baseline and the incidence of ventricular fibrillation during the early phase of ischaemia in swine during pentobarbital or medetomidine-ketamine-fentanyl anaesthesia. Twenty-two swine (mean ± SD: 29± 3 kg) were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (induction with 36 mg/kg intraperitoneally, and maintenance with 5-20 mg/kg/h intravenously [i.v.]) and 6 swine (27± 3 kg) were anaesthetized with ketamine and fentanyl (premedicated with medetomidine 0.1 mg/kg and ketamine 10 mg/kg intramuscularly, induction with ketamine 20 mg/kg and fentanyl 0.025 mg/kg i.v., and maintenance with ketamine 20 mg/kg/h and fentanyl 0.025 mg/kg/h i.v.). After a stabilization period of 30 min, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded for 10 min. Haemodynamic data and occurrence of ventricular fibrillation were recorded. The ischaemic area was measured by fluorescing microspheres. Swine anaesthetized with medetomidine-ketamine-fentanyl had significantly lower heart rate, myocardial contractility, peak left ventricular pressure, arterial blood pressure, aortic blood flow, myocardial blood flow and cardiac index at baseline, than swine anaesthetized with pentobarbital. Whereas none of the swine anaesthetized with pentobarbital fibrillated during the LAD occlusion, ventricular fibrillation occurred in 83% of the animals anaesthetized with medetomidine-ketamine-fentanyl ( P&lt; 0.001). No significant difference was found in size of ischaemic area between the two groups. Thus, we show a depression in haemodynamic variables at baseline and a higher incidence of ventricular fibrillation during the early phase of ischaemia in swine anaesthetized with medetomidine-ketamine-fentanyl compared to swine anaesthetized with pentobarbital.
Application of Photoalignment Technology to Liquid-Crystal-on-Silicon Microdisplays (2005)

We applied photoalignment technology to liquid-crystal-on-silicon microdisplays and characterized their performance. A three-step photoexposure method was developed to solve problems with alignment disturbances on reflective silicon panels. The azimuthal and polar anchoring energies of photoalignment layers produced by this method were high and comparable with that of rubbed polyimide layers. We assembled both the rubbed and photoaligned microdisplays on a MTN 90° configuration for characterization and comparison. These two kinds of silicon microdisplays had good and comparable characteristics in terms of contrast, response time, voltage holding ratio and residual DC charge. The rubbed microdisplays were more uniform, which we attributed to a more mature fabrication technology, while the photoaligned microdisplays had far fewer defects due to the noncontact nature of the photoalignment technology.
Communication needs for Wide Area Measurement applications (2010)

Wide Area Measurements using Phasor Measurement Units have become an important component of modern power system monitoring. Several applications of this technology have been reported in the literature. What is lacking at this time is an assessment of communication requirements of those applications. This paper summarizes the various applications of Wide Area Measurements that have been proposed, and then examines the communication needs of each application. These needs are categorized as data volume, tolerable end-to-end delays for successful implementation of these applications, and some consideration of communication architecture appropriate for these applications.
Minimizers of the Empirical Risk and Risk Monotonicity (2019)

Plotting a learner's average performance against the number of training samples results in a learning curve. Studying such curves on one or more data sets is a way to get to a better understanding of the generalization properties of this learner. The behavior of learning curves is, however, not very well understood and can display (for most researchers) quite unexpected behavior. Our work introduces the formal notion of \emph{risk monotonicity}, which asks the risk to not deteriorate with increasing training set sizes in expectation over the training samples. We then present the surprising result that various standard learners, specifically those that minimize the empirical risk, can act \emph{non}monotonically irrespective of the training sample size. We provide a theoretical underpinning for specific instantiations from classification, regression, and density estimation. Altogether, the proposed monotonicity notion opens up a whole new direction of research.
Extended structure of pleiotropic DNA repair‐promoting protein PprA from Deinococcus radiodurans (2018)

Pleiotropic protein promoting DNA repair A (PprA) is a key protein facilitating the extreme radiation resistance of Deinococcus radiodurans. PprA is a unique protein to the genus Deinococcus and exists as an oligomer ranging from a tetramer to an ∼100-mer depending on protein concentrations. Here, the X-ray crystal structure of PprA was determined to clarify how PprA confers radiation resistance. The tertiary structure of dimeric PprA was elucidated by using mutants obtained with random and site-directed mutagenesis methods (W183R and A139R); these mutants have disabled DNA binding and polymerization functions. Because the mutant A139R and W183R proteins have dimeric assemblies with 2 different interfaces (Interfaces 1 and 2), the linear and oligomerized PprA model was constructed as a left-handed face-to-face periodic screw structure. In addition, the linear structure in solution was confirmed by small-angle scattering experiments. The site-directed mutational analysis identified essential basic amino acids for DNA binding. These analytical data support the hypothesis that a complex assembly of PprA molecules, which are extended and have a screw structure, surrounds and stretches the DNA strand, acting as a novel guide to colocalize the DNA strands for efficient DNA repairs.-Adachi, M., Shimizu, R., Shibazaki, C., Satoh, K., Fujiwara, S., Arai, S., Narumi, I., Kuroki, R. Extended structure of pleiotropic DNA repair-promoting protein PprA from Deinococcus radiodurans.
Conductivity and Photoconductivity of a p-type Organic Semiconductor under Ultra-Strong Coupling (2018)

The conductivity and photoconductivity of the p-type semiconductor rr-P3HT was studied under light-matter strong coupling. The vacuum Rabi splitting with surface plasmon modes is ca. 1.2 eV corresponding to 54% of the transition energy. In this ultra-strong coupling regime, the conductivity is enhanced even for such p-type semiconductor demonstrating that ultra-strong coupling can modify the transport properties of the valence band. This effect is most easily explained by the finite photonic content of the polariton ground state under such extreme coupling conditions. Furthermore, the photoconductivity of rr-P3HT is also enhanced and show broadened spectral responses due to the formation of the hybrid polaritonic states. This is the first example of enhanced conductivity and photoconductivity for a p-type semiconductor under strong coupling. This illustrates yet again the potential of engineering the vacuum electromagnetic environment to improve the opto-electronic properties of materials.
Supplementary Table 3 from Overcoming the Response Plateau in Multiple Myeloma: A Novel Bortezomib-Based Strategy for Secondary Induction and High-Yield CD34+ Stem Cell Mobilization (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 53K, Validation of gene expression data using QPCR compared to microarray values (data reported as fold change).&lt;/p&gt;
Tunable Er/sup 3+/ fiber femtosecond source amplified to W-level average power at 1.03-1.06 μm in Yb/sup 3+/ fiber (2003)

A Raman-shifted and frequency-doubled high-power Er/sup 3+/-fiber soliton laser for seeding an efficient high-power Yb/sup 3+/ fiber femtosecond amplifier chain is demonstrated. 100 fs pulses with an average power of 0.9 W and a pulse energy of 18 nJ are generated at 1.05 /spl mu/m.
Toxicology of Trans-1,2-Dichlqroethylene in the Mouse (1985)

Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE) was administered to male and female CD-1 mice in order to evaluate its effects on standard toxicological parameters. Following an acute LD50 determination (2122 mg/kg in males and 2391 mg/kg in females) and a 14-day range-finding study, a 90-day drinking water study was performed using levels of DCE calculated to deliver approximately 1/100, 1/10, and 1/5 the LD50. Various toxicological assessments were made, including body and organ weights, hematology, serum chemistries, and hepatic microsomal activities. Few alterations were observed in either sex following 90 days of exposure. The most noteworthy changes occurred in the males exposed to the highest level of DCE, where there was a significant decrease in glutathione levels, and in the females exposed to all three DCE levels, where there was a significant decrease in aniline hydroxylase activity. These data served as background for the immunotoxicological evaluation presented in the following manuscript.
Differential alterations in plasma IL-6 and TNF levels after trauma and hemorrhage (1991)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are purported to be important mediators of inflammatory responses. It is not known whether the plasma levels of these cytokines are altered after trauma and hemorrhage. Our objectives were to determine whether there is any elevation of plasma TNF or IL-6 after trauma and hemorrhage and to what extent these changes are due to tissue trauma vs. simple hemorrhage. Trauma was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats under light ether anesthesia by performing a 5-cm midline laparotomy. On closure, animals were catheterized, awakened, hemorrhaged to a mean blood pressure of 40 mmHg, and maintained at that pressure until 40% of maximum shed blood volume was returned in the form of Ringer lactate (RL). Animals were then resuscitated with RL equivalent to four times shed blood volume. Blood samples (0.5 ml) were taken before inducing hemorrhage, at maximal bleed out (45 min), and at 4 and 6 h posthemorrhage to obtain plasma. IL-6 and TNF levels were measured using cytokine-dependent cellular assays. TNF levels were significantly elevated at 45 min into hemorrhage and remained so up to 4 h after hemorrhage. IL-6 levels were also elevated 45 min into hemorrhage and remained so up to 6 h posthemorrhage. IL-6, unlike TNF, was already significantly increased after midline laparotomy and before initiation of hemorrhage compared with unmanipulated animals. Thus induction of IL-6 by trauma may be partially independent of those mechanisms in hemorrhage that are involved in the release of TNF.
The economics of aquifer storage recovery technology (2014)

Aquifer storage recovery (ASR) technology is increasingly being utilized around the world for storing water underground through one or more wells during wet months and other times when water is available for storage. The water is then recovered from the same wells when needed to meet a growing variety of water supply objectives. The economics of ASR constitute the principal reason for its increasing utilization. ASR unit capital costs are typically less than half those of other water supply and water storage alternatives. Unit operating costs are usually only slightly greater than for conventional production well-fields. Marginal costs for ASR storage and recovery provide a powerful tool for making more efficient use of existing infrastructure, providing water supply sustainability and reliability at relatively low cost. The opportunity exists for a careful analysis of the net present value of ASR well-fields, addressing not only the associated capital and operating costs but also the value of the benefits achieved for each of the water supply objectives at each site.
[Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate--a marker lipid of secondary lysosomes? (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. (1976)

Rats were treated with triton, dextran, silver and iron. The lysosomal fractions from their livers were isolated and the lipids analysed. (MAG)2P could be detected in every phospholipid fraction, accounting for 6-28 per cent of the total lipid phosphorus. The composition of the fatty acids from this acidic glycerophospholipid shows an extraordinarily high amount of polyenoic fatty acids (58-82 per cent of the total), of which docosahexaenoic acid is a main compound.
TÉCNICAS DE APRENDIZADO DE MÁQUINA PARA PREVISÃO DE PERDAS SEVERAS EM ROCHAS CARBONÁTICAS DE RESERVATÓRIOS DO PRÉ-SAL / MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR PREDICTING SEVERE LOSSES IN CARBONATE ROCKS FROM PRE-SALT RESERVOIRS (2021)

Este trabalho visa apresentar modelos de classificadores binários para auxiliar na determinação da ocorrência do fenômeno de perda de circulação na construção de poços submarinos do pré-sal da Bacia de Santos. O conhecimento prévio sobre a possibilidade de ocorrência do fenômeno, possibilita alocar sondas com a tecnologia adequada para a construção dos poços. Neste contexto, os sistemas de classificação baseados em aprendizado de máquina podem apoiar a tomada de decisão. Neste trabalho, são propostos classificadores baseados em algoritmos clássicos de aprendizado de máquina (Pedregosa, F. et al. 2011) e os resultados são apresentados utilizando a Área Sob a Curva ROC (AUC) como métrica.
Josep Pujol, una rememoración personal, historiográfica e histórica: Cabeza, sentido y sensación (2020)

Anos y anos de proyectos, congresos, seminarios, comidas, bebidas y conversaciones. Anos 
de buenas ideas y de mejores publicaciones. Un metodo para debatir institucionalizado 
en la Sociedad de Estudios de Historia Agraria. Una forma de darnos noticias convertida en revista. Anos de debates creativos y de referencias compartidas.
The Role of Site-Specific Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in the Solvation Dynamics of N-Acetyltryptophanamide (2012)

Measurements of the ultrafast broadband UV fluorescence of N-acetyltryptophanamide (NATA) provide detailed information on its relaxation patterns in three different solvents: methanol (MeOH), water and acetonitrile (ACN). Several processes leading to excited state solvation and cooling are found to occur on different characteristic time scales and are thoroughly analyzed. Comparison between protic MeOH and aprotic ACN allows one to single out a 12 ps component in the former, which is attributed to the rearrangement of H-bonds existing between the protic solvent and excited NATA. This significantly stabilizes the excited state and provides the molecule with an efficient cooling mechanism. The corresponding dynamics in water are much faster (<1.5 ps). Comparison with static spectroscopic properties stresses the role of site-specific H-bonding in controlling the fluorescence quantum yield of NATA in protic solvents. These findings are consistent with existing models that describe tryptophan quenching as a result of charge transfer from the indole to the amide assisted by H-bonding at the carbonyl site.
The Promising Prospects of Precision Medicine (2016)

The emerging concept of personalized Medicine or precision medicine has recently become more popular both among the health-care providers and patients. The focus of personalized medicine is to target prevention and treatment strategies based on patients’ variability in genotype, environment and lifestyle. Since precision medicine will make the clinical guidelines much more conditional and branched, It is expected that physicians would increasingly require informatics and algorithms supports to assist them with information management and evidence-based decision-making in medical contexts.
Nanoscale Covalent Self-Assembly Approach to Enhancing Anode/Hole-Transport Layer Interfacial Stability and Charge Injection Efficiency in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2001)

The integrity of electrode/organic interfacial contact is shown to be crucial to the performance and stability of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this contribution, vapor-deposited lipophilic, hole-transporting N,N‘-diphenyl-N,N‘-bis(3-methylphenyl)[1,1‘-biphenyl]-4,4‘-diamine (TPD) films are shown to undergo dewetting on indium tin oxide (ITO) anode surfaces under mild heating. An effective approach to minimize this interfacial decohesion effect is by small hole transport molecule self-assembly on the anode surface. Thus, conformal N(p-C6H4CH2CH2CH2SiCl3)3 (TAA)-based monolayers can be covalently self-assembled from solution onto hydroxylated ITO surfaces. The resulting nanometer-scale-thick TAA layers (∼11 Å/layer) prevent dewetting of the vapor-deposited TPD hole transport layers. Furthermore, ITO/(TAA)n/TPD/Alq/Al structured OLED devices fabricated with these modified ITO−TPD interfaces exhibit, as a function of n, reduced turn-on voltages as well as considerably higher luminous intensities and thermal stabilities compared to bare ITO-based devices.
Signal characteristics study of continuous scintillator CCD-based single photon counting (SPC) detector (2012)

Detectors with thin continuous scintillators and (charge coupled devices) CCDs have been used for animal SPECT imaging for their high intrinsic resolution. Thicker scintillators augment detection efficiency but also increase the light spread and difficulty in identification of gamma events. The objective of this work was to study the characteristics of the detector composed of a continuous CsI(TI) scintillator, a fiber optic taper, a light image intensifier (LII), and a CCD image sensor. Continuous scintillator was chosen for its simple optical propagation model. The large variable gain of the LII enables the detector to work in single photon counting (SPC) mode which may recover the light spread of each scintillation event to improve the detector's spatial resolution. The energy of gamma-rays studied was 140 keV. A linear cascade model was used to quantify the photon propagation through each component of the detector. For a continuous scintillator, its modular transfer function (MTF) was modeled by an analytical function. The MTFs of other detector components were obtained from the results of prior reports. With the cascade model, the detector's overall point spread function was derived and mixed with Poisson noise and CCD read-out noise. A local-maxima based peak detection algorithm was used to identify the photon events in each frame acquired. A simulation study with a limited number of photons showed that when the light-spread distance augmented from 0.8 to 1.0 mm, the fraction of noise equivalent count decreased from 0.73 to 0.06. So the thickness limit for a continuous scintillator with the detector configuration studied was about 0.8 mm.
Pathophysiologische Aspekte bei der Behandlung diabetischer Patienten während der Azetat- und Bikarbonatdialyse - Pathophysiological Aspects in Diabetic Patients during Treatment with Acetate and Bicarbonate Dialysis (1984)

Article Pathophysiologische Aspekte bei der Behandlung diabetischer Patienten während der Azetat- und Bikarbonatdialyse - Pathophysiological Aspects in Diabetic Patients during Treatment with Acetate and Bicarbonate Dialysis was published on January 1, 1984 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 29, issue 6).