gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
JP-8+100: The Development of High-Thermal-Stability Jet Fuel (1996)

Jet fuel requirements have evolved over the years as a balance of the demands placed by advanced aircraft performance (technological need), fuel cost (economic factors), and fuel availability (strategic factors). In a modern aircraft, the jet fuel not only provides the propulsive energy for flight, but also is the primary coolant for aircraft and engine subsystems. To meet the evolving challenge of improving the cooling potential of jet fuel while maintaining the current availability at a minimal price increase, the U.S. Air Force, industry, and academia have teamed to develop an additive package for JP-8 fuels. This paper describes the development of an additive package for JP-8, to produce “JP-8+100.” This new fuel offers a 55°C (100°F) increase in the bulk maximum temperature (from 325°F to 425°F) and improves the heat sink capability by 50 percent. Major advances made during the development of JP-8+100 fuel include the development of several new quantitative fuel analysis tests, a free radical theory of autooxidation, adaptation of new chemistry models to computational fluid dynamics programs, and a nonparametric statistical analysis to evaluate thermal stability. Hundreds of additives were tested for effectiveness, and a package of additives was then formulated for JP-8 fuel. This package has been tested for fuel system materials compatibility and general fuel applicability. To date, the flight testing has shown an improvement in thermal stability of JP-8 fuel. This improvement has resulted in a significant reduction in fuel-related maintenance costs and a threefold increase in mean time between fuel-related failures. In this manner, a novel high-thermal-stability jet fuel for the 21st century has been successfully developed.
The 31st Chinese Control and Decision Conference [Conference Reports] (2019)

After a rigorous review process, 1170
Genome-wide mapping and characterization of hypomethylated sites in human tissues and breast cancer cell lines (2008)

We have developed a method for mapping unmethylated sites in the human genome based on the resistance of TspRI-digested ends to ExoIII nuclease degradation. Digestion with TspRI and methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease HpaII, followed by ExoIII and single-strand DNA nuclease allowed removal of DNA fragments containing unmethylated HpaII sites. We then used array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to map the sequences depleted by these procedures in human genomes derived from five human tissues, a primary breast tumor, and two breast tumor cell lines. Analysis of methylation patterns of the normal tissue genomes indicates that the hypomethylated sites are enriched in the 5' end of widely expressed genes, including promoter, first exon, and first intron. In contrast, genomes of the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines show extensive hypomethylation in the intragenic and intergenic regions whereas the primary tumor exhibits a pattern between those of the normal tissue and the cell lines. A striking characteristic of tumor cell lines is the presence of megabase-sized hypomethylated zones. These hypomethylated zones are associated with large genes, fragile sites, evolutionary breakpoints, chromosomal rearrangement breakpoints, tumor suppressor genes, and with regions containing tissue-specific gene clusters or with gene-poor regions containing novel tissue-specific genes. Correlation with microarray analysis shows that genes with a hypomethylated sequence 2 kb up- or downstream of the transcription start site are highly expressed, whereas genes with extensive intragenic and 3' untranslated region (UTR) hypomethylation are silenced. The method described herein can be used for large-scale screening of changes in the methylation pattern in the genome of interest.
Design of a wideband dual-polarized cavity backed slot antenna (2010)

A new technique for designing wideband dual-polarized cavity-backed slot antennas is presented. The structure is in the form of a double-resonant, dual-polarized slot antenna backed by a shallow substrate integrated cavity with a depth of approximately one tenth the free space wavelength. The presence of the cavity behind the slot enhances the antenna's directivity and reduces the possibility of surface wave propagation in the antenna substrate when the element is used in an array environment. Moreover, the dual-polarized nature of this radiating element may be exploited to synthesize any desired polarization (vertical, horizontal, RHCP, or LHCP). The double-resonant behavior observed in this substrate-integrated cavity-backed slot antenna (SICBSA) is utilized to enhance its bandwidth compared to a typical cavity-backed slot antenna. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. Measurement results indicate that a bandwidth of 19%, an average gain of 5.3 dB, and a wideband differential isolation of 30 dB can be achieved using this technique. The principles of operation along with the measurement results of the fabricated prototype are presented and discussed in this dissertation. The SICBSA is investigated as a candidate for use as an array element. A uniform two element phased array is demonstrated to locate the main beam from boresight to thirty degrees. The potential effects of mutual coupling and surface wave propagation are considered and analyzed.
Plant available potassium in rocks and mine tailings with biotite, nepheline and K‐feldspar as K‐bearing minerals (1997)

Crushed rocks and mine tailings with K‐feldspar, biotite and nepheline as their main K‐bearing minerals were tested as K‐fertilizers in a pot experiment with barley. Equal amounts of K (as analysed by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry) were added to each treatment before the start of the experiment. Three successive sets of plants were grown for altogether 23 weeks without further addition of K. The K bound in K‐feldspar seemed to be nearly unavailable for the plants during the experimental period. However, considerable amounts of K were taken up from rocks and tailings containing nepheline and/or biotite as their main K‐bearing minerals. With further processing, some of these materials might be suitable as long‐term K‐fertilizers.
Obinutuzumab plus fludarabine/cyclophosphamide or bendamustine in the initial therapy of CLL patients: the phase 1b GALTON trial (2015)

Obinutuzumab is a type 2, glycoengineered, anti-CD20 antibody recently approved with chlorambucil for the initial therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this nonrandomized, parallel-cohort, phase 1b, multicenter study, we explored the safety and preliminary efficacy of obinutuzumab-bendamustine (G-B) or obinutuzumab fludarabine cyclophosphamide (G-FC) for the therapy of previously untreated fit patients with CLL. Patients received up to 6 cycles of G-B (n = 20) or G-FC (n = 21). The primary end point was safety, with infusion-related reactions (88%, grade 3-4 20%) being the most common adverse event and grade 3-4 neutropenia in 55% on G-B and 48% on G-FC. Mean cycles completed were 5.7 for G-B and 5.1 for G-FC, with 2 and 7 early discontinuations, respectively. The objective response rate (ORR) for G-B was 90% (18/20) with 20% complete response (CR) and 25% CR with incomplete marrow recovery (CRi). The ORR for G-FC was 62% (13/21), with 10% CR and 14% CRi, including 4 patients not evaluable. With a median follow-up of 23.5 months in the G-B cohort and 20.7 months in the G-FC cohort, no patient has relapsed or died. We conclude that obinutuzumab with either B or FC shows manageable toxicity and has promising activity. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01300247.
Does the Size or Location of Lumbar Disc Herniation Predict the Need for Operative Treatment? (2020)

Disc herniations in a paracentral location were more likely to undergo operative treatment than those more centrally located, on axial MRI views.
Design of Inkjet-Printed RFID-Based Sensor on Paper: Single- and Dual-Tag Sensor Topologies (2018)

The detailed design considerations for the printed RFID-based sensor system is presented in this paper. Starting from material selection and metallization method, this paper discusses types of RFID-based sensors (single- &amp; dual-tag sensor topologies), design procedures, and performance evaluation methods for the wireless sensor system. The electrical properties of the paper substrates (cellulose-based and synthetic papers) and the silver nano-particle-based conductive film are thoroughly characterized for RF applications up to 8 GHz. The reported technology could potentially set the foundation for truly &ldquo;green&rdquo;, low-cost, scalable wireless topologies for autonomous Internet-of-Things (IoT), bio-monitoring, and &ldquo;smart skin&rdquo; applications.
Characterization of the Clinical Evidence Supporting Repository Corticotropin Injection for FDA-Approved Indications (2021)

In this scoping review, few RCTs supported the clinical benefit of corticotropin for most FDA-approved indications. Most RCTs found that corticotropin was not superior to corticosteroids for treating relapses of MS or infantile spasms.
ChemInform Abstract: Indirect Electroreduction of α,β‐Epoxy Carbonyl Compounds and Their Analogues by Use of a (PhSe)2/Sacrificial Anode System (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pen-based haptic virtual environment (2002)

The development of a pen-based force display and its application to the direct manipulation of a free-form surface are described. A six degree-of-freedom force reflective master manipulator which has a pen-shaped grip has been developed. The system uses two three degree-of-freedom manipulators. Both ends of the pen are connected to these manipulators. The hardware of the force display is small and light-weight. The performance of the force display is exemplified in interactive deformation of a free-form surface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transmission electron microscopy and structural phase transitions in anion-deficient perovskite-based oxides (2004)

This review deals with the structural transitions arising in anion-deficient Mn- and Cu-based perovskites when changing the anion content. Special attention is devoted to the local structure of such materials, studied with electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy. Using examples of three-dimensional or layered manganites and cuprates, it is shown that oxidation/reduction reactions in such compounds are accompanied by the formation of domain structures. Fragmentation into domains can have intrinsic reasons, related to the loss of symmetry elements due to the ordering of anion vacancies, or because of the simultaneous realization of several different anion ordering patterns with close formation energies. When extra anions are inserted at low temperatures, limited diffusion ability also results in the appearance of domains of different structures arising from a local inhomogeneity in the anion distribution. The relevance of the investigation of the local structure for a correct structure interpretation is discussed.
Histone H1 overexpressed to high level in tobacco affects certain developmental programs but has limited effect on basal cellular functions. (1996)

Histone H1, a major structural component of chromatin fiber, is believed to act as a general repressor of transcription. To investigate in vivo the role of this protein in transcription regulation during development of a multicellular organism, we made transgenic tobacco plants that overexpress the gene for Arabidopsis histone H1. In all plants that overexpressed H1 the total H1-to-DNA ratio in chromatin increased 2.3-2.8 times compared with the physiological level. This was accompanied by 50-100% decrease of native tobacco H1. The phenotypic changes in H1-overexpressing plants ranged from mild to severe perturbations in morphological appearance and flowering. No correlation was observed between the extent of phenotypic change and the variation in the amount of overexpressed H1 or the presence or absence of the native tobacco H1. However, the severe phenotypic changes were correlated with early occurrence during plant growth of cells with abnormally heterochromatinized nuclei. Such cells occurred considerably later in plants with milder changes. Surprisingly, the ability of cells with highly heterochromatinized nuclei to fulfill basic physiological functions, including differentiation, was not markedly hampered. The results support the suggestion that chromatin structural changes dependent on H1 stoichiometry and on the profile of major H1 variants have limited regulatory effect on the activity of genes that control basal cellular functions. However, the H1-mediated chromatin changes can be of much greater importance for the regulation of genes involved in control of specific developmental programs.
Film grammar based refinements to extracting scenes in motion pictures (2003)

To enable high-level semantic indexing of video, we tackle the problem of automatically structuring motion pictures into meaningful story units, namely scenes. In our recent work, drawing guidance from film grammar, we proposed an algorithmic solution for extracting scenes in motion pictures based on a shot neighborhood color coherence measure. In this paper, we extend our work by presenting various refinement mechanisms, inspired by the knowledge of film devices that are brought to bear while crafting scenes, to further improve the results of the scene detection algorithm. We apply the enhanced algorithm to ten motion pictures and demonstrate the resulting improvements in performance.
Increased Motility ofEscherichia coliby Insertion Sequence Element Integration into the Regulatory Region of theflhDOperon (2004)

The flhD operon is the master operon of the flagellar regulon and a global regulator of metabolism. The genome sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 strain MG1655 contained an IS1 insertion sequence element in the regulatory region of the flhD promoter. Another stock of MG1655 was obtained from the E. coli Genetic Stock Center. This stock contained isolates which were poorly motile and had no IS1 element upstream of the flhD promoter. From these isolates, motile subpopulations were identified after extended incubation in motility agar. Purified motile derivatives contained an IS5 element insertion upstream of the flhD promoter, and swarm rates were sevenfold higher than that of the original isolate. For a motile derivative, levels of flhD transcript had increased 2.7-fold, leading to a 32-fold increase in fliA transcript and a 65-fold increase in flhB::luxCDABE expression from a promoter probe vector. A collection of commonly used lab strains was screened for IS element insertion and motility. Five strains (RP437, YK410, MC1000, W3110, and W2637) contained IS5 elements upstream of the flhD promoter at either of two locations. This correlated with high swarm rates. Four other strains (W1485, FB8, MM294, and RB791) did not contain IS elements in the flhD regulatory region and were poorly motile. Primer extension determined that the transcriptional start site of flhD was unaltered by the IS element insertions. We suggest that IS element insertion may activate transcription of the flhD operon by reducing transcriptional repression.
Is There Time for Management of Patients With Chronic Diseases in Primary Care? (2005)

Current practice guidelines for only 10 chronic illnesses require more time than primary care physicians have available for patient care overall. Streamlined guidelines and alternative methods of service delivery are needed to meet recommended standards for quality health care.
Enzymatic Resolution of Substituted Mandelic Acids. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Natural products for mitigation of fouling by the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, in marine water intake systems (1995)

In search of natural antifouling products, sedentary organisms - free of epibiotic communities - were collected from the inter- and subtidal zones of Long Island Sound. Crude solvent extracts from these specimens were subjected to 2 - 4 bioassays to screen for: (1) microbila sensitivity, (2) response of mussel byssal thread secretion using Mytilus edulis, (3) mussel larval settlement response, and (4) bacterial attachment response. Of the 86 extracts derived from 24 organisms, six very promising extracts have been isolated from local algae and invertebrates that exhibit strong antifouling activity against the blue mussel, the major biofouler in northeastern American coastal utilities. The most promising extracts exhibiting strong inhibition of microbial growth and settlement. The process of identification of the active agent through further purification and subsequent bioassays is ongoing. A model hybrid coating, incorporating an extract from Fucuc filiformis into a silicon polymer-based matrix (EXTRUDE{sup {trademark}}), effectively prevented byssal thread attachment by juvenile blue mussels and killed specimens close to treated areas within 10 days.
High-precision half-life measurements for the superallowed Fermiβ+emitterNe18 (2015)

The half-life of the superallowed Fermi ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$ emitter $^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$ has been determined via two high-precision $\ensuremath{\beta}$ counting experiments at TRIUMF's Isotope Separator and Accelerator facility. Using two different $4\ensuremath{\pi}$ continuous-flow gas-proportional counters, two independent measurements were made, yielding a weighted average of ${T}_{1/2}=1.{66400}_{\ensuremath{-}0.00048}^{+0.00057}$ s, which is consistent with but approximately 2 times more precise than a previous high-precision measurement based on $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray counting. The present work achieves $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.034%$ precision for the $^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$ half-life and will enable the inclusion of $^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$ among the set of precisely measured superallowed Fermi $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay $ft$ values once improved measurements are made for its $Q$ value and superallowed branching ratio. As a test of systematic uncertainties, the half-life of $^{23}\mathrm{Ne}$ was measured and the world average has been improved, by a factor of 1.7, to $37.148\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.032$ s.
Decline Of Academic Standards In Engineering Education? (2020)

Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Session 1360 Decline of Academic Standards in Engineering Education ? – Polish Experience – Andrzej Krasniewski and Roman Z. Morawski Warsaw University of Technology I. Introduction The process of declining academic standards, observed at American institutions of higher education, has been reported in the 90s by many authors; an extensive review of the relevant sources may be found in a paper submitted to this conference by Brian Manhire from Ohio University1. In our paper, we discuss some aspects of this, in fact, world-wide process that can be observed at Warsaw University of Technology, the largest institution of engineering education in Poland. We focus on: − university-level academic regulations; − course grading patterns at a selected faculty – the Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology. Talking about the university-level academic regulations, we report the changes that occurred in the procedure that is used to determine the final grade for the program (in Poland, this final grade appears on the diploma). As a result of these changes – even if we assume no grade inflation for individual courses that the curriculum is composed of – the percentage of students who graduate with the final grade outstanding or very good would be now significantly higher than it used to be just few years ago. It may seem to be a paradox that, at the same time, the quality of preparation of the candidates for engineering studies has been systematically decreasing in Poland since 1989. We make an attempt to explain our observations in terms of both world-wide phenomena afflicting the civilized societies and local phenomena related to the political and economic transformation in Poland after 1989. II. Preliminary explanations on the Polish system of higher education In this section, we explain some specific features of the Polish system of higher education that are different from the corresponding regulations in other countries (in particular, in the United States). Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2001, American Society for Engineering Education
A novel multi-frequency trans-endothelial electrical resistance (MTEER) sensor array to monitor blood-brain barrier integrity (2021)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic cellular barrier that regulates brain nutrient supply, waste efflux, and paracellular diffusion through specialized junctional complexes. Finding a system to mimic and monitor BBB integrity (i.e., to be able to assess the effect of certain compounds on opening or closing the barrier) is of vital importance in several pathologies. This work aims to overcome some limitations of current barrier integrity measuring techniques thanks to a multi-layer microfluidic platform with integrated electrodes and Multi-frequency Trans-Endothelial Electrical Resistance (MTEER) in synergy with machine learning algorithms. MTEER measurements are performed across the barrier in a range of frequencies up to 10 MHz highlighting the presence of information on different frequency ranges. Results show that the proposed platform can detect barrier formation, opening, and regeneration afterwards, correlating with the results obtained from immunostaining of junctional complexes. This model presents novel techniques for a future biological barrier in-vitro studies that could potentially help on elucidating barrier opening or sealing on treatments with different drugs.
Generation and VR visualization of 3D point clouds for drone target validation assisted by an operator (2016)

In this paper, we present a process to simulate 3D data; as an unmanned combat aerial vehicle (drone) equipped with a Ladar sensor could do. The data obtained are colored 3D point clouds in where potential targets are highlighted. Our objective with these simulated corpus of 3D point cloud data is to explore the usage of Virtual Reality settings to validate the selection of a target. To do that we detail an implementation of a VR headset to visualize our simulated data. We also introduce a metric to estimate the visibility of the target.
Development of Wind Speed Forecasting Model Based on the Weibull Probability Distribution (2011)

Wind is a variable energy source. The power output of a wind turbine generator (WTG) unit, therefore, fluctuates with wind speed variations. Accurate models reflecting the variability of wind speed is hence required in both reliability evaluation of power systems containing wind energy and analysis of the impact of integration of wind power to electric power networks. This paper presents an improved maximum likelihood method for wind speed forecasting to calculate the two parameters of Weibull distribution. The model overcomes some of the disadvantages such as complicated calculation procedure and slow convergence associated with the maximum likelihood method. The method proposed in this paper extends the applications of Weibull wind speed probability distribution based wind speed forecasting. As compared to the method of mean wind speed and standard deviation for calculating Weibull parameters, the proposed technique can maintain higher accuracy even in complex terrain areas. The range of application and the efficiency of the model are also examined by comparing the forecast error and autocorrelation coefficient of the proposed model with those of time series models.