gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Perspectives on ASME OM Code, Mandatory Appendix IV, Revision 0, “Inservice Testing of Air-Operated Valves in Light-Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plants” (2014)

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code for Operation and Maintenance of Nuclear Power Plants (OM Code) establishes the requirements for preservice and inservice testing and examination of certain components to assess their operational readiness in light-water reactor nuclear power plants. The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) endorses and mandates the use of the ASME OM Code for testing air-operated valves in 10 CFR 50.55a(b)(3)(ii) and 10 CFR 50.55a(f)(4), respectively. ASME has recently approved Mandatory Appendix IV, Revision 0. NRC currently anticipates that Mandatory Appendix IV will first appear in the 2014 Edition of the ASME OM Code. Publication of the 2014 Edition of the ASME OM Code begins the NRC rulemaking process to modify 10 CFR 50.55a to incorporate the 2014 Edition of the ASME OM Code by reference. NRC staff has actively participated in the development of Mandatory Appendix IV, Revision 0, through participation in the ASME OM Code Subgroup on Air-Operated Valves (SG-AOV). The purpose of this paper is to provide NRC staff perspectives on the contents and implementation of Mandatory Appendix IV, Revision 0. This paper specifically discusses Mandatory Appendix IV, Sections IV-3100, “Design Review,” IV-3300, “Preservice Test,” IV-3400, “Inservice Test,” IV-3600, “Grouping of AOVs for Inservice Diagnostic Testing,” and IV-3800, “Risk Informed AOV Inservice Testing.” These topics were selected based on input received during NRC staff participation in the SG-AOV and other industry meetings. The goal of this paper is to provide NRC staff perspectives on the topics of most interest to NRC staff and members of the SG-AOV. Paper published with permission.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry as a Tool for the Design of Functional Materials and Devices (2012)

Abstract Review: 84 refs.
A discontinuous PWM for three level converters with constant common-mode voltage (2013)

This study proposes a three level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converter operated with constant common-mode voltage (CMV) pulse width modulator (PWM). The CMV and common-mode current (CMC) of the NPC converter are reduced by the constant CMV PWM scheme. Furthermore, the discontinuous PWM scheme is utilized to reduce the switching losses of the three level NPC converters. Simulation results and test results are presented to validate the performances of the proposed scheme.
Insights into peptide‐membrane interactions of newly synthesized, nitroxide‐containing analogs of the peptaibiotic trichogin GAIV using EPR (2016)

Trichogin GA IV is a short-length (10-amino acid long), mostly hydrophobic, peptaibiotic with an N-terminal fatty acyl chain and a C-terminal 1,2-amino alcohol. A cardinal role of the terminal moieties in the cytotoxic activity of trichogin has been recently found. Previously, peptide orientation and dynamics of trichogin analogs in the membrane were studied using methyl ester derivatives. Therefore, in the present work we synthesized several trichogin analogs with naturally occurring terminal groups to verify whether these moieties have any effect on peptide-membrane interaction. These trichogin analogs, both neutral and carrying a positively charged Lys residue, bear the nitroxide-containing α-amino acid TOAC to study them using EPR spectroscopy. Vesicles were used to investigate orientation and penetration depth of the peptide at room temperature. Bicelles were employed to evaluate the order, dynamics, and orientation of the peptide at a near physiological temperature. In addition, the position of the N-terminal 1-octanoyl chain in the membrane was studied by labeling it with a nitroxide. The secondary structure of the peptides in vesicles was studied by CD spectroscopy showing that they adopt a mostly α-helical structure. In vesicles, the analogs insert below the lipid headgroups with the helix axis oriented parallel to the membrane surface at a peptide-to-lipid (P:L) ratio of 1:100. The presence of the single, positively charged Lys residue does not alter the orientation adopted by the peptides. In bicelles at P:L ratios 1:100 and 1:60, the peptide adopts a transmembrane orientation characterized by a very low orientational order, whereas at a 1:15 P:L ratio it severely disrupts the membrane. Our data shows that overall orientation and insertion in model membranes of the native trichogin GA IV are strictly comparable to those of its methyl ester analogs previously examined.
Inflow Predictions and Testing While Underbalanced Drilling (1999)

Abstract With increased interest in underbalanced drilling, including coiled tubing drilling, the importance of realistic inflow predictions and the potential for formation evaluation based on rate measurements is also receiving increased attention. This paper addresses these points by introducing new models for inflow predictions at various levels of complexity and accuracy for spreadsheet and calculator applications. The methods can handle both homogeneous and layered reservoirs, and essentially traps the expected formation response within a narrow range based on drilling speed and the ratio of vertical to horizontal permeability.
Self-assembly beyond semifluorinated alkanes in a semifluorinated benzene derivative (2013)

Tethering amphiphiles symmetrically to a small benzene core – in analogy to semifluorinated alkanes (SFAs) – gives rise to self-assembly far more rich than any previously investigated SFA. The modulation of intermolecular interactions between hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon chains as well as additional π–π interactions of the cores are thought to be responsible for the rich self-assembly. The system is investigated with respect to thermodynamics, structure and dynamics, respectively, with differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray scattering and dielectric spectroscopy. The mechanical and nano-mechanical properties are studied with rheology and Brillouin light scattering covering a broad frequency range and spatial resolution. Starting from lower temperatures distinct phases are identified consisting of nanophase separated domains comprising crystalline or melted fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon domains. At intermediate temperatures lamellar phases are identified with molecular and supramolecular order. At higher temperatures domains composed of thermodynamically unfavorable yet kinetically mixed configurations exist. The latter phase is prone to annealing as these trapped configurations convert from locally segregated to more homogeneously mixed molecules. At higher temperatures a quasi-isotropic phase is formed composed of orientationally correlated dipoles.
Effect of fabrication imperfections for ground-plane-backed dielectric resonator antennas with coaxial excitation (1994)

The effect of imperfections in terms of surface roughness which could lead to the introduction of air gaps between the dielectric resonator (DR) and the contacting conducting surfaces is investigated. Results of studies which illustrate the effect of air gaps upon the input impedance and resonant frequency of cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas (CDRAs) operating in the TM 01 and HEM 11 modes are presented.
Analyzing Behavioral Features for Email Classification. (2005)

Many researchers have applied statistical analysis techniques to email for classification purposes, such as identifying spam messages. Such approaches can be highly effective, however many examine incoming email exclusively — which does not provide detailed information about an individual user’s behavior. Only by analyzing outgoing messages can a user’s behavior be ascertained. Our contributions are: the use of empirical analysis to select an optimum, novel collection of behavioral features of a user’s email traffic that enables the rapid detection of abnormal email activity; and a demonstration of the effectiveness of outgoing email analysis using an application that detects worm propagation.
Terahertz frequency comb for high-accuracy, high-resolution terahertz spectroscopy (2007)

Abstract: We report a terahertz frequency-comb technique for high-accuracy, high-resolution terahertz spectroscopy by combination of two mode-locked-frequency-stabilized femtosecond lasers and multi-frequency-heterodyning photoconductive detection.
CovR Activation of the Dipeptide Permease Promoter (PdppA) in Group A Streptococcus (2007)

CovR, the two-component response regulator of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) directly or indirectly represses about 15% of the genome, including genes encoding many virulence factors and itself. Transcriptome analyses also showed that some genes are activated by CovR. We asked whether the regulation by CovR of one of these genes, dppA, the first gene in an operon encoding a dipeptide permease, is direct or indirect. Direct regulation by CovR was suggested by the presence of five CovR consensus binding sequences (CBs) near the putative promoter. In this study, we identified the 5' end of the dppA transcript synthesized in vivo and showed that the start of dppA transcription in vitro is the same. We found that CovR binds specifically to the dppA promoter region (PdppA) in vitro with an affinity similar to that at which it binds to other CovR-regulated promoters. Disruption of any of the five CBs by a substitution of GG for TT inhibited CovR binding to that site in vitro, and binding at two of the CBs appeared cooperative. In vivo, CovR activation of transcription was not affected by individual mutations of any of the four CBs that we could study. This suggests that the binding sites are redundant in vivo. In vitro, CovR did not activate transcription from PdppA in experiments using purified GAS RNA polymerase and either linear or supercoiled DNA template. Therefore, we propose that in vivo, CovR may interfere with the binding of a repressor of PdppA.
1396 Prednisolone for Bell’s Palsy in children: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Multicentre Trial (2022)

Aims, Objectives and Background Corticosteroids can be used to treat idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell’s palsy) in children, but their effectiveness is uncertain. Aims To determine if prednisolone improves recovery of children with Bell’s palsy at one month. Method and Design Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, trial of prednisolone in children presenting to ED with Bell’s palsy. 1 Patients 6 months to &lt;18 years, recruited &lt;72 hours after symptom onset, were randomly assigned to receive 10 days of treatment with oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg) or placebo. The primary outcome: complete recovery of facial function at 1 month on the House-Brackmann scale. 2 Secondary outcomes: facial function, adverse events and pain to 6 months. Results and Conclusion Between October 2015 to August 2020, 187 children were randomised (94 to prednisolone and 93 to placebo) and included in the intention-to-treat analysis. At 1 month, the proportions of patients who had recovered facial function were 49% (n=43/87) in the prednisolone group compared with 57% (n=50/87) in the placebo group (risk difference -8.1%, 95% CI -22.8 to 6.7; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.7, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.3). At 6 months these proportion were 99% (n=77/78) for prednisolone and 93% (n=76/82) for placebo respectively (risk difference 6.0%, 95% CI -0.1 to 12.2; aOR 3.0 95% CI 0.5 to 17.7) (figure 1). There were no serious adverse events and little evidence for group differences in secondary outcomes. Abstract 1396 Figure 1 In children with Bell’s palsy the vast majority recover without treatment. The study does not provide evidence that early treatment with prednisolone improves complete recovery. References Sullivan F, Swan I, Donna P, Morrison J, Smith B, McKinstry B, et al . Early treatment with prednisolone or acyclovir in bell’s palsy. N Eng J Med 2007; 357 (16):1598–607. House JW, Brackmann DE. Facial nerve grading system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1985; 93 (2):146–7.
Density functional theory approach to CO2 adsorption on a spinel mineral: determination of binding coordination (2016)

Adsorption mechanisms of CO<sub>2</sub> on MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (100) surface.
La protéine de liaison des acides gras adipocytaire (FABP-A) et l'activité cytochrome-c oxydase sont des indicateurs de la teneur en lipides intramusculaires chez le taurillon (2005)

National audience
Potentiometric monitoring DNA hybridization with polyaniline/Nylon-6 working electrode (2009)

Electrically conducting polymers are useful in various applications such as transistors and sensors. A potentiometric pH meter has been developed using polyaniline based working electrode and with improved selectivity using ionophores, the polyaniline based potentiometer has been applied to monitor various ions mainly in environmental applications. The polyaniline working electrode can be used to monitor not only the binding of a biological ionic macromolecules on polyaniline surface but also the binding of the adsorbed macromolecule with another macromolecule. We present first how the working electrode was prepared by polymerization of aniline in Nylon-6 matrix to provide the mechanical strength and then how single strand oligonucleotide probe binds with polyaniline surface. We then present how an electrode modification with mercaptoethanol results in a surface protected against non-specific binding and then finally we present the results of monitoring the complimentary strand binding leading to the formation of the double strand DNA.
Out-Of-Distribution Detection With Subspace Techniques And Probabilistic Modeling Of Features (2020)

This paper presents a principled approach for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples in deep neural networks (DNN). Modeling probability distributions on deep features has recently emerged as an effective, yet computationally cheap method to detect OOD samples in DNN. However, the features produced by a DNN at any given layer do not fully occupy the corresponding high-dimensional feature space. We apply linear statistical dimensionality reduction techniques and nonlinear manifold-learning techniques on the high-dimensional features in order to capture the true subspace spanned by the features. We hypothesize that such lower-dimensional feature embeddings can mitigate the curse of dimensionality, and enhance any feature-based method for more efficient and effective performance. In the context of uncertainty estimation and OOD, we show that the log-likelihood score obtained from the distributions learnt on this lower-dimensional subspace is more discriminative for OOD detection. We also show that the feature reconstruction error, which is the $L_2$-norm of the difference between the original feature and the pre-image of its embedding, is highly effective for OOD detection and in some cases superior to the log-likelihood scores. The benefits of our approach are demonstrated on image features by detecting OOD images, using popular DNN architectures on commonly used image datasets such as CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and SVHN.
Laboratory Evaluation of Constructibility Issues with Surface Treatment Binder (2011)

This report discusses a study related to the use of emulsified asphalt (EA) as a binder for sealing roads after construction. Due to the number complex variables that affect EAs, this research is meant to help TxDOT personnel better predict which EA will be most effective and bond most quickly to allow roads to open for traffic.
Atmospheric corrections for in-flight satellite radiometric calibration (1987)

Accurate determination of atmospheric effects is crucial to earth-based inflight radiometric calibration of existing satellite systems. Such calibration work relies on computer codes which compute atmospheric transmittance due to both scattering and absorption processes. Two solar radiometers were used for atmospheric data collection. Results obtained from the two instruments in the visible are compared. Modifications to the autotracking instrument are discussed. The accuracy of existing methods for determining the amounts of key atmospheric constituents actually present at a given time is examined. Computation of integrated water vapor content based on solar radiometer data is discussed. Calculations to account for the effects of gaseous absorption in the near infrared spectral bands of a solar radiometer are outlined. Such corrections will facilitate calibration of these spectral bands. In conclusion, the effects of the uncertainties in the current determination of crucial atmospheric parameters on radiance at the satellite level are examined.
Comparison of the CNS effects induced by TRH and bicuculline after microinjection into medial septum, substantia nigra and inferior colliculus: Absence of support for a GABA antagonist action for TRH (2020)

Antagonism of ethanol-induced depression of locomotion was observed after intracisternal injection of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and bicuculline methiodide (BICM), as well as after microinjection of these drugs into the medial septum. The present investigation compared the behavioral and physiological consequence of administering TRH and BICM into the medial septum, inferior colliculus and substantia nigra to quantitate the similarities between these compounds. BICM produced a major increase in locomotor activity when injected into the medial septum and stereotypies when injected into the substantia nigra, suggesting that GABA-containing neurons have widespread influences on motor function. The wild running and seizure activity observed after BICM injection into the inferior colliculus was also consistent with this latter view. The marked increase in rectal temperature observed when BICM was injected into the medial septum may also implicate GABAergic mechanisms in temperature control at this brain site. TRH produced no such behavioral or physiological changes when administered into these three sites. Thus, this work strongly suggests that TRH does not exert a widespread action as a GABA antagonist because TRH did not produce the same changes induced by BICM. The actions of BICM and TRH to antagonize ethanol-induced depression when microinjected into the medial septum suggests that this brain area may be a critical site for the depressant action of ethanol.
Random Geometric Graphs (2003)

This book sets out a body of rigorous mathematical theory for finite graphs with nodes placed randomly in Euclidean d-space according to a common probability density, and edges added to connect points that are close to each other. As an alternative to classical random graph models, these geometric graphs are relevant to the modelling of real networks having spatial content, arising for example in wireless communications, parallel processing, classification, epidemiology, astronomy, and the internet. Their study illustrates numerous techniques of modern stochastic geometry, including Stein's method, martingale methods, and continuum percolation. Typical results in the book concern properties of a graph G on n random points with edges included for interpoint distances up to r, with the parameter r dependent on n and typically small for large n. Asymptotic distributional properties are derived for numerous graph quantities. These include the number of copies of a given finite graph embedded in G, the number of isolated components isomorphic to a given graph, the empirical distributions of vertex degrees, the clique number, the chromatic number, the maximum and minimum degree, the size of the largest component, the total number of components, and the connectivity of the graph.
Spatial Mode Analysis of Self-Adaptive Laser Oscillators (1998)

Optical phase conjugation techniques have been widely investigated for the dynamic correction of intracavity phase distortions in laser systems. The beam quality and stability in conventional solid-state lasers can be degraded due to thermally-induced phase distortions in the gain medium [1]. This work describes an analysis of the self-consistent fundamental mode of a self-adaptive holographic resonator which can dynamically correct for internal phase distortions [2].
Quasi‐Three‐Dimensional Angle‐Tolerant Electromagnetic Illusion Using Ultrathin Metasurface Coatings (2014)

Low‐profile and light‐weight coatings that offer comprehensive manipulation of the electromagnetic scattering for finite‐length objects are highly desirable, but not yet achieved, for applications including camouflaging, deceptive sensing, radar cognition control, and defense security. Here, for the first time, the theory, practical design, and experimental demonstration of quasi‐three‐dimensional and angle‐tolerant electromagnetic illusion coatings are presented which have been enabled by ultrathin single‐layer functional metasurfaces. By controlling the multiple Mie scattering coefficients using the tangential and non‐vanishing radial electromagnetic responses of the metasurface, the quasi‐two‐dimensional coating transforms the electromagnetic perception of one object to mimic that of another which has been pre‐selected by the designer. The illusion coating, which is homogeneous but anisotropic, is realized using hundreds of composite electric and magnetic sub‐wavelength unit cells operating at frequencies away from their resonance. Two different prototypes of the metasurface illusion coatings were fabricated and characterized, demonstrating very good camouflaging performance for finite‐length dielectric as well as conducting objects within a field‐of‐view up to ±10° off normal. This work paves the way for practical artificially engineered material coatings with exotic and versatile scattering control capabilities that would enable a wide range of applications throughout the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
Multiple-bus, scalable, shared-memory multiprocessors (1995)

This dissertation presents the design and evaluation of a multiple-bus, cache-coherent, scalable, shared-memory, multiprocessor system, including the architecture, memory consistency model and cache coherency protocol. By coordinating the design of all three components we are able to design a system to optimize performance. The guiding principle was to maximize locality at multiple levels of the system architecture.
The cache coherency protocol combines the concepts of shared bus snooping cache schemes and directory-based schemes to scale to large numbers of processors. We also develop a new memory consistency model for multiple-bus based system architectures which reduces hardware support requirements and reduces bus bandwidth usage, leading to more scalable systems.
We describe the simulation methodology used to evaluate the performance of the system over a workload of parallel benchmark applications. The research develops principles for effective design of large scale, scalable shared-memory multiprocessors.
The simultaneous development of innovative multiprocessor architecture, memory consistency model and cache coherency protocol leads to optimized system performance.