gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Position and Force Control of a Twisted and Coiled Polymeric Actuator (2020)

Twisted and coiled polymer (TCP) actuator has many advantages such as high contraction capability, high work density, low cost materials, and easiness of fabrication, making it promising for applications in biomedical devices, soft robotic, and energy-harvesting equipment. However, convenient and effective control of TCP actuators still remain some challenges. In this paper, we use an accurate strain-temperature and force-temperature model of TCP actuators to design a simple and efficient closed-loop PID control system. The validity of the proposed controllers is investigated through numerical simulations and experiments. The results show good control performance with minimum tracking errors which is less than 3% in our work. Such accuracy is ideal for many engineering fields and robotic designs.
TEM study of Cosi2 formation via annealing of Co-Ti bilayers on Si (1995)

Contact is typically made to source/drain regions of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) by use of TiSi 2 or CoSi 2 layers followed by AI(Cu) metal lines. A silicide layer is used to reduce contact resistance. TiSi 2 or CoSi 2 are chosen for the contact layer because these silicides have low resistivities (~12-15 μΩ-cm for TiSi 2 in the C54 phase, and ~10-15 μΩ-cm for CoSi 2 ). CoSi 2 has other desirable properties, such as being thermally stable up to &gt;1000°C for surface layers and &gt;1100°C for buried layers, and having a small lattice mismatch with silicon, -1.2% at room temperature. During CoSi 2 growth, Co is the diffusing species. Electrode shorts and voids which can arise if Si is the diffusing species are therefore avoided. However, problems can arise due to silicide-Si interface roughness (leading to nonuniformity in film resistance) and thermal instability of the resistance upon further high temperature annealing. These problems can be avoided if the CoSi 2 can be grown epitaxially on silicon.
Brain tumor animal models: importance and progress (2001)

Recent experiments indicate that some of the genetic abnormalities found in human brain tumors can induce tumors in mice with similar histologic characteristics to their human counterparts. Such studies help unravel the biology of tumorigenesis and indicate that some of the mutations and alterations in gene expression found in human central nervous system tumors may actually contribute to the etiology of these diseases. In addition, these mouse-modeling experiments may identify essential targets for therapy and provide test animals for preclinical trials of mechanistically designed therapeutics.
WAP DESTEKLİ ÖĞRENCİ İŞLERİ BİLGİ OTOMASYONU: SAA-W (STUDENT AFFAIRS AUTOMATION-WAP) (2011)

Kablosuz iletisimin ilerleyisi, dogal olarak kablosuz uygulamalarin sayisini da arttirmistir. Artan uygulamalar ise mutlaka bir noktada daha oncekilerle kesismek zorundadir. Bu noktada, elde edilen ilerlemelerin uyumlulugu ve ortak is gorebilmeleri zorunlu hale gelir. Uyumluluk ve ortak is gorebilme, kesisen teknolojilerin eksik taraflari da goz onunde bulundurularak gerceklenmelidir. WAP teknolojisi, kablosuz teknolojilerden biri olup, “kablosuz Web” kavramini ortaya koymustur. Boylece, Web uygulamalarinin benzerleri, kablosuz cihazlara uygun olacak sekilde de gerceklenebilmektedir. Bu calismada WAP omurgasina dayali, genel WAP senaryosuna uygun olarak gerceklenen bir calisma (SAA-W) gelistirilmistir. Uygulamanin ayrintilarinda, kablosuz teknolojilerle kablolu iletisimin ortak calisabilirligine deginilmis ve gelecege yonelik oneriler ileri surulmustur.
Alterskardiologie (2019)

Ältere Menschen werden häufig jüngeren Menschen gleichgestellt ohne Berücksichtigung der altersassoziierten Veränderungen in Metabolismus und Ansprechen auf bestimmte Therapien. Gerade Dosisfindungsstudien werden oft unter Ausschluss geriatrischer Patienten durchgeführt, weshalb Dosierungen in der Praxis nicht unreflektiert übernommen werden können. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert die „kardiologische Blickweise“ auf Diagnostik und Therapie älterer Patienten.
The Brain Network of Expectancy and Uncertainty Processing (2012)

We suggest that the Stimulus Preceding Negativity reflects the attempt to predict the outcome, when posterior brain areas fail to generate a stable expectancy. Uncertainty is thus conceptualized, not just as the absence of learned expectancy, but as a state with psychological and physiological entity.
BRAIN ACTIVATION/DEACTIVATION EVALUATION IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA USING FUNCTIONAL MRI (2021)

urpose. To evaluate the brain activation/deactivation patterns using a dual task fMRI with cognitive load and memory exercise in patients with schizophrenia. Materials and methods. The study involved 15 patients with schizophrenia (males, aged 305 years) in remission. All patients underwent standard and functional 3 T MRI with dual task: backwards counting by 7 from 100 as a cognitive load and instruction to keep in mind the exact word during the test as a memory exercise. The fMRI data was processed using the SPM8 -Statistical Parametric Mapping software (Welcome Trust Centre of Neuroimaging, London, UK) based on MATLAB.
Neoadjuvant Therapy in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: A Disappointing Therapeutic Approach? (2011)

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in Germany. The incidence in 2003/2004 was 16 cases per 100.000 inhabitants. Of all carcinomas, pancreatic cancer has the highest mortality rate, with one- and five-year survival rates of 25% and less than 5%, respectively, regardless of the stage at diagnosis. These low survival rates demonstrate the poor prognosis of this carcinoma. Previous therapeutic approaches including surgical resection combined with adjuvant therapy or palliative chemoradiation have not achieved satisfactory results with respect to overall survival. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate new therapeutic approaches. Neoadjuvant therapy is an interesting therapeutic option for patients with pancreatic cancer. For selected patients with borderline or unresectable disease, neoadjuvant therapy offers the potential for tumor downstaging, increasing the probability of a margin-negative resection and decreasing the occurrence of lymph node metastasis. Currently, there is no universally accepted approach for treating patients with pancreatic cancer in the neoadjuvant setting. In this review, the most common neoadjuvant strategies will be described, compared and discussed.
Using psychometric functions to determine auditory perception of the size and speed of a rolling ball (2006)

The purpose of the presented experiments is to quantify exactly how precise listeners can judge certain mechanical parameters of a system by listening to the sounds generated by this system. We used sounds generated by a ball rolling over a plate. In the recording of these sounds, the ball diameter, rolling speed, and plate thickness were varied. Subjects were asked to judge each of these three parameters in the sound in two different ways; in a paired comparison, two alternative forced choice, and using absolute magnitude estimation. Both methods were used to calculate psychometric functions which estimate the probability that a listener correctly identifies the difference in one of the physical parameters. Both paired comparison and absolute magnitude estimation lead essentially to the same psychometric functions. For each pair of sounds the percentage of correct responses is plotted against the fraction of their sizes. These datapoints are then fitted to a cumulative normal distribution. The good fit of the results, using this logaritmic scale for the estimated parameter, is in close agreement with Steven’s law. This method was used to test whether if discrimination capabilities decrease when two parameters, eg. speed and size, are changed simultaneously.
Deformation of λ‐phage DNA molecules in an elongational flow field (1996)

The response of λ-phage DNA molecules to a well-defined elongational flow field generated by a Taylor four-roller mill was investigated by observing the flow birefringence, Δn. Δn in the center of the four rollers, near the stagnation point, was localized at the mill exit symmetry plane. The intensity gradually increased from the off-symmetrical plane to the center of the mill, and at the exit symmetrical plane, the intensity was maximum. Δn also gradually increases with the strain rate, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\dot \varepsilon$\end{document}. These observations indicate that DNA molecules in the solution would be free draining in nature. From the decay of λn at each point in the mill after a sudden stop of the mill operation at 24 s−1, the rotational diffusion coefficient of molecules, Dr, at each point in the mill space was estimated, where the relaxation time of the decay of λn was considered to be related to the molecular disorienting process. It is concluded that at 24 s−1 λ-phage DNA molecular coils near the stagnation point, which was assumed to be a prolate spheroid as a whole, was so deformed that the aspect ratio p (=b/a ≦ 1, where a and b are, respectively, the longer and shorter axes) would be \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\textstyle{1 \over {12}}}$\end{document} of that of the DNA molecule which has just entered the mill space. This result suggests that there is a possibility for the DNA molecule to be in a stretched conformation at a higher strain rate. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Strengthening effect of structural sealants on the LTB behaviour of glass beams (2014)

Glass beam-like elements are largely used in building structures in the form of primary load-bearing members. Large studies recently focused on specific structural behaviours under various loading and boundary conditions. Lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) of beams, in particular, has been largely investigated through experiments and simulations. Based on previous works of literature, the paper focuses on the strengthening effects of structural silicone joints on the global LTB response of glass beams. Analytical and numerical calculations are performed on various glass beams, in order to highlight the effects of continuous lateral restraints on their critical buckling moment. Shear tests are performed on small silicone sealant joints. Interesting correlations are found between joint properties and beams geometry.
Synthesis and characterization of rhenium(iii) complexes with (Ph2PCH2CH2)2NR diphosphinoamine ligands (2017)

The synthesis and characterization of a new series of neutral, six-coordinated compounds [Re<sup>III</sup>X<sub>3</sub>(PNPR)], where X is Cl or Br and PNPR is a diphosphinoamine having the general formula (Ph<sub>2</sub>PCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>NR (R = H, CH<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> and CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>3</sub>) are reported. Stable [Re<sup>III</sup>X<sub>3</sub>(PNPR)] complexes were synthesized, in variable yields, starting from precursors where the metal was in different oxidation states (iii and v), by ligand-exchange and/or redox-substitution reactions. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, proton NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, UV/vis spectroscopy, positive-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI(+)-MS) and X-ray diffraction analysis. Although the formulation of the complexes allows either meridional or facial isomers, the latter arrangement was prevalent both in the solid and solution states. Only [ReCl<sub>3</sub>(PNPH)] showed a meridional configuration both in solution and in the crystalline state. [ReBr<sub>3</sub>(PNPme)] prefers the meridional configuration in the crystalline state and the facial one in solution. While ESI(+)-MS and voltammetric data seem to indicate some dependency from the nature of the alkyl substituent at the nitrogen, the available structural data of the complexes show only slight differences both for angles and bond lengths upon change of the alkyl chain tethered to the nitrogen.
Depth profile studies of extended defects induced by ion implantation in Si and Al (1980)

Depth profiles of disorder characterized by extended defects can be obtained by ion channeling and this capability provides an important extension to studies of implanted systems. A planar channeling analysis technique using 2 MeV /sup 4/He backscattering is developed and applied to two cases. In both cases transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to confirm the nature and density of extended defects present. The first case is for channeled implants of P into Si which produces a known density of dislocations at a fixed depth below the surface upon annealing. The second case is Ni-implanted Al, and the first determination of the depth profile of the disorder induced by implantation in Al is obtained.
Tb and Ce Doped Y123 Films Processed by Pulsed Laser Deposition (2005)

To evaluate possible flux pinning enhancement in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-z/ (Y123) films due to partial rare-earth ion substitutions, Ce and Tb doping are studied. Bulk ceramic targets of varying compositions (Y/sub 1-x/RE/sub x/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-z/) were made with several doping levels (x=0.001 to 0.1, RE=Ce or Tb) by using regular solid-state reaction and sintering procedures. These targets were used to deposit Ce and Tb doped YBCO films onto SrTiO/sub 3/ single crystal substrates by pulsed laser ablation. Doped YBCO films were characterized for T/sub c/, magnetic field dependence of J/sub c/ (at 77 K), microstructure, and other properties. The results are compared to undoped YBCO films processed in similar manner.
Multi-sensor data collection and fusion using autoencoders in condition evaluation of concrete bridge decks (2021)

Abstract This paper presents a multi-sensor data collection and data fusion procedure for nondestructive evaluation/testing (NDE/NDT) of a concrete bridge deck. Three NDE technologies, vertical electrical impedance (VEI), ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and high-definition imaging (HDI) for surface crack detection, were deployed on the bridge deck. A neural network autoencoder was trained to quantify the relationship between VEI and GPR results using the data collected at common positions. This relationship was then used for fusion of VEI and GPR data to increase the reliability and spatial resolution of the NDE measurements and to generate a data-fused condition map that showed novel characteristics. Threshold values for VEI and GPR tests were obtained and used to determine the color scale in the fused map. Surface cracks identified from HDI show reasonable agreement with the deterioration areas on the data-fused condition map. Chloride concentration measurements on sound and deteriorated areas of the deck were consistent with the NDE results.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON 1‐OXO‐2‐ALKYL‐1,2,3,5,6,7‐HEXAHYDRO‐PYRROLO(3,4‐B)PYRANEN UND ‐THIOPYRANEN (1972)

Abstract Die Pyran‐ bzw. Thiopyran‐Derivate (I) reagieren mit den entsprechenden Aminen (II) über die thermisch instabilen Aminomethylderivate (III) zu den Lactamen (IV) 60‐92% Ausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethyl Ketones from Carboxylic Acids. Part 2. A Versatile Access to Trifluoromethylated Heterocycles. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Examining the role of EGR1 during viral infections (2022)

Early growth response 1 (EGR1) is a multifunctional mammalian transcription factor capable of both enhancing and/or inhibiting gene expression. EGR1 can be activated by a wide array of stimuli such as exposure to growth factors, cytokines, apoptosis, and various cellular stress states including viral infections by both DNA and RNA viruses. Following induction, EGR1 functions as a convergence point for numerous specialized signaling cascades and couples short-term extracellular signals to influence transcriptional regulation of genes required to initiate the appropriate biological response. The role of EGR1 has been extensively studied in both physiological and pathological conditions of the adult nervous system where it is readily expressed in various regions of the brain and is critical for neuronal plasticity and the formation of memories. In addition to its involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders, EGR1 has also been widely examined in the field of cancer where it plays paradoxical roles as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogene. EGR1 is also associated with multiple viral infections such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In this review, we examine EGR1 and its role(s) during viral infections. First, we provide an overview of EGR1 in terms of its structure, other family members, and a brief overview of its roles in non-viral disease states. We also review upstream regulators of EGR1 and downstream factors impacted by EGR1. Then, we extensively examine EGR1 and its roles, both direct and indirect, in regulating replication of DNA and RNA viruses.
Response to interferons and antibacterial innate immunity in the absence of tyrosine‐phosphorylated STAT 1 (2016)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) plays a pivotal role in the innate immune system by directing the transcriptional response to interferons (IFNs). STAT1 is activated by Janus kinase (JAK)-mediated phosphorylation of Y701. To determine whether STAT1 contributes to cellular responses without this phosphorylation event, we generated mice with Y701 mutated to a phenylalanine (Stat1(Y701F)). We show that heterozygous mice do not exhibit a dominant-negative phenotype. Homozygous Stat1(Y701F) mice show a profound reduction in Stat1 expression, highlighting an important role for basal IFN-dependent signaling. The rapid transcriptional response to type I IFN (IFN-I) and type II IFN (IFNγ) was absent in Stat1(Y701F) cells. Intriguingly, STAT1Y701F suppresses the delayed expression of IFN-I-stimulated genes (ISG) observed in Stat1(-/-) cells, mediated by the STAT2/IRF9 complex. Thus, Stat1(Y701F) macrophages are more susceptible to Legionella pneumophila infection than Stat1(-/-) macrophages. Listeria monocytogenes grew less robustly in Stat1(Y701F) macrophages and mice compared to Stat1(-/-) counterparts, but STAT1Y701F is not sufficient to rescue the animals. Our studies are consistent with a potential contribution of Y701-unphosphorylated STAT1 to innate antibacterial immunity.
Molecular‐Dynamics‐Simulation‐Directed Rational Design of Nanoreceptors with Targeted Affinity (2019)

Abstract Here, we demonstrate the possibility of rationally designing nanoparticle receptors with targeted affinity and selectivity for specific small molecules. We used atomistic molecular‐dynamics (MD) simulations to gradually mutate and optimize the chemical structure of the molecules forming the coating monolayer of gold nanoparticles (1.7 nm gold‐core size). The MD‐directed design resulted in nanoreceptors with a 10‐fold improvement in affinity for the target analyte (salicylate) and a 100‐fold decrease of the detection limit by NMR‐chemosensing from the millimolar to the micromolar range. We could define the exact binding mode, which features prolonged contacts and deep penetration of the guest into the monolayer, as well as a distinct shape of the effective binding pockets characterized by exposed interacting points.
Novel Ni-Co-Mo-K Catalysts Supported on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Higher Alcohols Synthesis (2013)

Alkali-promoted Ni-Co-Mo catalysts supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared using 9 wt% K, 4.5 wt% Co, and 15 wt% Mo, whereas Ni content was varied from 0 to 6 wt%. The catalysts were extensively characterized and studied for higher alcohols synthesis from synthesis gas. Alkali-promoted trimetallic catalyst with 3 wt% Ni showed the highest total alcohols yield of 0.284 gm/(gm of cat./h), ethanol selectivity of 20%, and higher alcohols selectivity of 32% at 330°C and 9.0 MPa using gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 3.8 m 3 (STP)/kg of catalyst/h and H 2 to CO molar ratio of 1.25.
Reactive Power Dispatch Method in Wind Farms to Improve the Lifetime of Power Converter Considering Wake Effect (2016)

In wind farms (WF), the most popular and commonly implemented active power control method is the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Due to the wake effect, the upstream wind turbine (WT) in WFs has more active power generation than the downstream WT at the wind directions and wind speeds that the WF has wake loss. In the case that WTs support the voltage control by reactive power, the upstream WT's power converter may have shorter lifetime even below the industrial standard. In this paper, based on the analysis of the wake effect, the reactive power capability of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) WT, and the lifetime of the DFIG WT's power converter, a reactive power dispatch method is proposed in the WF with DFIG WTs to improve the lifetime of the upstream WT's power converter. The proposed reactive power dispatch method is analyzed and demonstrated by the simulation on a WF with 80 DFIG WTs. It can be concluded that, compared with the traditional reactive power dispatch method, the proposed method can increase the lifetime of the upstream WT's power converter.
Symposium ; Antimicrobial Activities of Hydroxybiphenyl Derivatives (1986)

It has been elucidated that magnolol and honokiol, isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia obovata, had potent antibacterial activity against a cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. They also show a significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus anthracis, which causes malignant pustule and woolsorter disease in human. Some hydroxybiphenyl derivatives are synthesized from starting materials, phenylphenols and biphenols by means of Claisen`s rearrangement and Elb`s method to develop more potent antibacterial chemicals and to investigate the structure-activity relationships. The introduction of allyl groups to the aromatic rings of starting materials shows increase of antibacterial activities, but the number and positions of them do not effect their activities. Furthermore, the introduction of hydroxy group to aromatic rings also increases the activity.
Experiences with treatment of mixed waste (1996)

During its many years of research activities involving toxic chemicals and radioactive materials, Los Alamos National Laboratory (Los Alamos) has generated considerable amounts of waste. Much of this waste includes chemically hazardous components and radioisotopes. Los Alamos chose to use an electrochemical process for the treatment of many mixed waste components. The electro-chemical process, which the authors are developing, can treat a great variety of waste using one type of equipment built at a moderate expense. Such a process can extract heavy metals, destroy cyanides, dissolve contamination from surfaces, oxidize toxic organic compounds, separate salts into acids and bases, and reduce the nitrates. All this can be accomplished using the equipment and one crew of trained operating personnel. Results of a treatability study of chosen mixed wastes from Los Alamos Mixed Waste Inventory are presented. Using electrochemical methods cyanide and heavy metals bearing wastes were treated to below disposal limits.