gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three electron beams from a laser-plasma wakefield accelerator and the energy apportioning question (2017)

Laser-wakefield accelerators are compact devices capable of delivering ultra-short electron bunches with pC-level charge and MeV-GeV energy by exploiting the ultra-high electric fields arising from the interaction of intense laser pulses with plasma. We show experimentally and through numerical simulations that a high-energy electron beam is produced simultaneously with two stable lower-energy beams that are ejected in oblique and counter-propagating directions, typically carrying off 5-10% of the initial laser energy. A MeV, 10s nC oblique beam is ejected in a 30°-60° hollow cone, which is filled with more energetic electrons determined by the injection dynamics. A nC-level, 100s keV backward-directed beam is mainly produced at the leading edge of the plasma column. We discuss the apportioning of absorbed laser energy amongst the three beams. Knowledge of the distribution of laser energy and electron beam charge, which determine the overall efficiency, is important for various applications of laser-wakefield accelerators, including the development of staged high-energy accelerators.
CPEB1 Regulates the Expression of MTDH/AEG-1 and Glioblastoma Cell Migration (2013)

Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 1 (CPEB1) is an mRNA-binding protein present in both neurons and glia. CPEB1 is capable of both repressing mRNA translation and activating it depending upon its phosphorylation state. CPEB1-bound mRNAs are held in translational dormancy until CPEB1 is phosphorylated, leading to the cytoplasmic polyadenylation of the bound mRNA that triggers translation. Here, we show that CPEB1 can bind to and regulate translation of the mRNA-encoding metadherin (MTDH, also known as AEG-1 and Lyric) in the rat glioblastoma cell line CNS1. MTDH/AEG-1 is being revealed as a critical signaling molecule in tumor progression, playing roles in invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance. By using a mutant of CPEB1 that cannot be phosphorylated (thereby holding target mRNAs in translational arrest), we show that inhibiting CPEB1-mediated translation blocks MTDH/AEG-1 expression in vitro and inhibits glioblastomas tumor growth in vivo. CPEB1-mediated translation is likely to impact several signaling pathways that may promote tumor progression, but we present evidence suggesting a role in directed cell migration in glioblastoma cells. In addition, reporter mRNA containing CPEB1-binding sites is transported to the leading edge of migrating cells and translated, whereas the same mRNA with point mutations in the binding sites is synthesized perinuclearly. Our findings show that CPEB1 is hyperactive in rat glioblastoma cells and is regulating an important cohort of mRNAs whose increased translation is fueling the progression of tumor proliferation and dispersal in the brain. Thus, targeting CPEB1-mediated mRNA translation might be a sound therapeutic approach.
Evaluating gas chromatography with a halogen-specific detector for the determination of disinfection by-products in drinking water (2018)

The occurrence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water has become an issue of concern during the past decades. The DBPs pose health risks and are suspected to cause various cancer forms, be genotoxic, and have negative developmental effects. The vast chemical diversity of DBPs makes comprehensive monitoring challenging. Only few of the DBPs are regulated and included in analytical protocols. In this study, a method for simultaneous measurement of 20 DBPs from five different structural classes (both regulated and non-regulated) was investigated and further developed for 11 DBPs using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography coupled with a halogen-specific detector (XSD). The XSD was highly selective towards halogenated DBPs, providing chromatograms with little noise. The method allowed detection down to 0.05 μg L<sup>-1</sup> and showed promising results for the simultaneous determination of a range of neutral DBP classes. Compounds from two classes of emerging DBPs, more cytotoxic than the "traditional" regulated DBPs, were successfully determined using this method. However, haloacetic acids (HAAs) should be analyzed separately as some HAA methyl esters may degrade giving false positives of trihalomethanes (THMs). The method was tested on real water samples from two municipal waterworks where the target DBP concentrations were found below the regulatory limits of Sweden.
Architecture for Service Request Driven Solution Delivery Using Grid Systems (2006)

Today grid infrastructures are increasingly required to handle complex service requests requiring configuration and deployment of customized solutions. Existing tools and technologies are labor intensive and result in inefficient and wasteful use of both human and IT resources. In this paper, we describe Harmony II - an architecture for delivering customized solutions using an approach that is policy driven and is amenable to a high degree of automation. Our approach is modular, which facilitates customization using building blocks of IT resources. Lower level raw IT resources are virtualized allowing flexible and policy-based resource sharing. Flexible resource sharing reduces wasteful use of expensive IT resources and allows business goals to dictate how the resources are to be used. Cost savings in IT management are achieved not only by the automation in service delivery, but also by the novel use of building blocks and solution templates
Postnatal changes in the expression of genes located in the callipyge region in sheep skeletal muscle (2006)

The expression of five genes surrounding the callipyge (CLPG) mutation was analysed in skeletal muscles from lambs at one prenatal and two postnatal ages that coincide with the onset and establishment of muscle hypertrophy. Genotype-specific changes in transcript abundance were detected for paternal allele-specific DLK1 and PEG11 (the official symbol of the latter is RTL1) and the maternal allele-specific MEG3, PEG11AS and MEG8 when the mutation was inherited in cis. There were differences in the temporal and muscle-specific effects on expression between the maternal allele-specific genes and paternal allele-specific genes. Maternal inheritance of the CLPG allele had a significant effect on the expression of MEG3 and MEG8 at prenatal and postnatal ages, whereas paternal inheritance of DLK1 and PEG11 only affected postnatal expression. Genotype-specific changes in PEG11AS expression were detected only in prenatal muscle. Maternal inheritance of the mutation caused similar changes in MEG3 and MEG8 expression in the semimembranosus, which undergoes hypertrophy, and the supraspinatus, which does not hypertrophy. Paternal inheritance of the mutation caused changes in PEG11 expression in both muscles, although the magnitude of expression in semimembranosus was more than 100-fold greater than in supraspinatus. DLK1 expression was upregulated in callipyge animals at both postnatal ages in the semimembranosus, but there was no effect of genotype on DLK1 expression in the supraspinatus at any age. Increased DLK1 expression was likely the primary cause of muscle hypertrophy, but a contribution of PEG11 to the phenotype cannot be ruled out based on gene expression.
Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Success on Common Solanaceous Species from California Tomato Production Areas (2019)

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a devastating pest of tomato that has invaded many regions of the world. To date, it has not been detected in North America, but the pest reached Costa Rica in 2014 and seriously threatens the southern, southwestern, and western United States including California. Although the primary host of T. absoluta is tomato, several other species of Solanaceae may serve as alternative hosts. In our study, we aimed to assess the potential risk that other solanaceous crops and wild species that are often present in and around California tomato fields could serve as hosts. To accomplish this, we conducted greenhouse and laboratory studies to determine whether two common cultivars of fresh market tomato, two common cultivars of tomatillo, and the wild plants, Solanum nigrum L., Solanum sarrachoides (Sendtner), and Datura stramonium L., are suitable hosts for reproduction and development of the pest. According to our results, D. stramonium and tomatillo were unable to sustain T. absoluta larval development in either greenhouse studies or laboratory studies, and therefore, they are not likely to contribute to T. absoluta establishment during an invasion. On the contrary, the two other solanaceous weeds, S. nigrum and S. sarrachoides, share a similar potential as tomato to be reproductive and developmental hosts of T. absoluta, and might play an important role in the establishment of the pest in California.
Adsorption controlled molecular beam epitaxy of rubidium barium bismuth oxide (1990)

Measurements of the sticking coefficients for rubidium, barium, and bismuth have been made during molecular beam epitaxy of (Rb,Ba)BiO3 on MgO. This simple cubic perovskite is a high temperature superconductor for Rb fractions between 0.4 and 0.5. The dependence of the sticking coefficients on substrate temperature, oxygen plasma conditions, and on incident flux composition indicate that in a narrow region of flux compositions, adsorption, and desorption rates of bismuth and rubidium will control the stoichiometry of the film.
Purification and characterization of guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from Giardia lamblia. (1986)

Giardia lamblia, a flagellated parasitic protozoan and the causative agent of giardiasis, lacks de novo purine biosynthesis and exists on salvage of adenine and guanine by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from G. lamblia crude extracts has been purified to apparent homogeneity by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration followed by C-8-GMP-agarose and 2',3'-GMP-agarose affinity chromatography, resulting in an overall recovery of 77% and a purification of 83,000-fold. The molecular weight of the native enzyme as estimated by gel filtration and isokinetic sucrose gradients was found to be 58,000-63,000, with a subunit molecular weight of approximately 29,000, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Mono P chromatofocusing chromatography gives rise to a major activity peak eluting from the column at a pH of 6.75 and two minor activity peaks at pH of 5.3 and 5.2. Hypoxanthine and xanthine can be recognized by the enzyme as substrates but at Km values 20 times higher than that observed with guanine. G. lamblia guanine phosphoribosyltransferase is immunologically distinct from human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and Escherichia coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, and G. lamblia DNA fragments are incapable of hybridizing with mouse neuroblastoma hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase DNA or E. coli xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase DNA under relatively relaxed conditions. All evidence presented suggests that G. lamblia guanine phosphoribosyltransferase may be qualified as a potential target for antigiardiasis chemotherapy.
Parinaud's syndrome in a patient with multifocal glioma. (1996)

We describe the clinical and neuroradiological findings in a 63-year-old man with Parinaud's syndrome. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a mass lesion within the quadrigeminal plate. Additional MR findings included a right frontoparietal subcortical lesion as well as periventricular white matter edema due to acute deterioration of hydrocephalus. On MR, the diagnosis of multifocal glioma was proposed. Neuropathological examination after resection of the supratentorial lesion revealed an oligodendroglioma, grade II.
Interaction of Bacillus thuringiensis Vegetative Insecticidal Protein with Ribosomal S2 Protein Triggers Larvicidal Activity in Spodoptera frugiperda (2010)

Vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip3A) is synthesized as an extracellular insecticidal toxin by certain strains of Bacillus thuringiensis. Vip3A is active against several lepidopteran pests of crops. Polyphagous pest, Spodoptera frugiperda, and its cell line Sf21 are sensitive for lyses to Vip3A. Screening of cDNA library prepared from Sf21 cells through yeast two-hybrid system with Vip3A as bait identified ribosomal protein S2 as a toxicity-mediating interacting partner protein. The Vip3A-ribosomal-S2 protein interaction was validated by in vitro pulldown assays and by RNA interference-induced knockdown experiments. Knockdown of expression of S2 protein in Sf21 cells resulted in reduced toxicity of the Vip3A protein. These observations were further extended to adult fifth-instar larvae of Spodoptera litura. Knockdown of S2 expression by injecting corresponding double-stranded RNA resulted in reduced mortality of larvae to Vip3A toxin. Intracellular visualization of S2 protein and Vip3A through confocal microscopy revealed their interaction and localization in cytoplasm and surface of Sf21 cells.
Valsalva manoeuver, intra‐ocular pressure, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, optic disc topography: Beijing intracranial and intra‐ocular pressure study (2013)

The Valsalva manoeuver-associated short-term increase in CSF-P was significantly larger than a simultaneous short-term increase in IOP. It led to a Valsalva manoeuver-associated decrease or reversal of the trans-laminar cribrosa pressure difference, which was associated with a change in the three-dimensional optic nerve head morphology: optic cup-related parameters decreased and neuroretinal rim-related parameters enlarged. These findings may be of interest for the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Relevance of Radioprotectors in Radiotherapy: Studies with Tocopherol Monoglucoside (2004)

Radioprotective compounds are of importance in clinical radiation therapy, because normal tissues should be protected against radiation injury while using higher doses of radiation to obtain better cancer control. We investigated the radioprotection of cellular DNA in cancer and in various cells and tissues, in a murine system following exposure to gamma-radiation and tocopherol monoglucoside (TMG) administration. We used single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) and studied the progression of murine fibrosarcoma following radiation exposure and administration of TMG. The administration of TMG to tumor-bearing mice protected the cellular DNA against radiation-induced strand breaks as shown by the decrease in comet tail length, tail moment, and percentage of DNA in the tails of the cells of normal tissues. The same parameters were not altered in the cells of fibrosarcoma. Our results showed that the administration of TMG immediately after exposure to gamma-radiation can protect normal tissues against radiation damages in tumor-bearing mice. Local gamma-radiation exposure (5 Gy) of the tumor retarded the tumor growth. Administration of TMG did not protect cancer cells from radiation damage because the growth curves of cancer cells treated with radiation alone and those treated with TMG after irradiation were not significantly different.
ElectroEncephaloGraphy robust statistical linear modelling using a single weight per trial (2021)

Abstract Being able to remove or weigh down the influence of outlier data is desirable for any statistical models. While Magnetic and ElectroEncephaloGraphic (MEEG) data are often averaged across trials per condition, it is becoming common practice to use information from all trials to build statistical linear models. Individual trials can, however, have considerable weight and thus bias inferential results (effect sizes as well as thresholded t/F/p maps). Here, rather than looking for univariate outliers, defined independently at each measurement point, we apply the principal component projection (PCP) method at each channel, deriving a single weight per trial at each channel independently. Using both synthetic data and open EEG data, we show (1) that PCP is efficient at detecting a large variety of outlying trials; (2) how PCP-based weights can be implemented in the context of the general linear model (GLM) with accurate control of type 1 family-wise error rate; and (3) that our PCP-based Weighted Least Square (WLS) approach increases the statistical power of group analyses as well as a much slower Iterative Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS), although the weighting scheme is markedly different. Together, our results show that WLS based on PCP weights derived from whole trial profiles is an efficient method to weigh down the influence of outlier EEG data in linear models. Data availability all data used are publicly available (CC0), all code (simulations and data analyzes) is also available online in the LIMO MEEG GitHub repository (MIT license).
Controlled Text Generation with Hidden Representation Transformations (2023)

We propose CHRT (Control HiddenRepresentation Transformation) – a con-trolled language generation framework thatsteers large language models to generatetext pertaining to certain attributes (such astoxicity). CHRT gains attribute control bymodifying the hidden representation of thebase model through learned transformations.We employ a contrastive-learning frameworkto learn these transformations that can becombined to gain multi-attribute control. Theeffectiveness of CHRT is experimentallyshown by comparing it with seven baselinesover three attributes. CHRT outperforms all thebaselines in the task of detoxification, positivesentiment steering, and text simplificationwhile minimizing the loss in linguistic qualities.Further, our approach has the lowest inferencelatency of only 0.01 seconds more than thebase model, making it the most suitable forhigh-performance production environments.We open-source our code and release two noveldatasets to further propel controlled languagegeneration research
Scintillator-Based Nanosecond Light Sources for Time-Resolved Fluorimetry (1995)

We have investigated a new pulsed light source for time-resolved fluorimetry. The light source consists of a beta emitter, Sr 90 , and a liquid or plastic scintillator. Time-correlated single photon counting is employed to demonstrate the new pulsed light source. Measured fluorescence lifetimes of standards anthracene (4.97 ± 0.06 ns) and 1-aminoanthracene (21.4 ± 0.2 ns) agree well with literature values. Advantages of the new light source include the low cost, the size (1 cm −3 or smaller), the nanosecond pulse widths, the high pulse rates, and the extremely stable pulse-to-pulse profile. There is no risk of radioactive contamination from the beta emitter since it is bound in a ceramic matrix and encapsulated.
A stream function method for gradient coil design (2005)

A new design approach for the construction of gradient coils for magnetic resonance imaging is presented. The theoretical formulation involves a constraint cost function between the desired field in a particular region of interest in space and an almost arbitrarily defined surface that carries the current configuration based on Biot-Savart's integral equation. An appropriate weight function in conjunction with linear approximation functions permits the transformation of the problem formulation into a linear matrix equation whose solution yields discrete current elements in terms of magnitude and direction within a specified coil surface. Numerical predictions and comparisons with practical measurements for the Gx, Gy, Gz gradient coils underscore the success of this approach in terms of achieving highly linear fields while maintaining low parasitic fields and low inductances. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 26B: 67–80, 2005.
Supplementary Figures S1-S11 from Preclinical Studies of Celastrol and Acetyl Isogambogic Acid in Melanoma (2023)

Supplementary Figures S1-S11 from Preclinical Studies of Celastrol and Acetyl Isogambogic Acid in Melanoma
Development of Sintered Si3N4 for High Performance Thermomechanical Applications. (1984)

Abstract : The sintering of Si3N4 containing BeSiN2 and YO3 was examined and found to yield densities greater than 99% on a routine basis. A composition containing 2.5 wt% BeSiN2 and 3.0 Y2O3 displayed a room temperature strength of greater than 690 MPa and a fracture toughness Kic of about 6 MNm--3/2 power, a creep rate of .00004/h at 1300 C under a 69 MPa load, and a parabolic rate constant for oxidation at 1350 1.7 x 10 to the -11 power sq. kg/m to the -4 power/s. This composition has adequate properties for high temperature structural applications except for the hgih creep rate, which is of the same order as Nc-132. The sintering of Si3N4 containing 5 wt% LiAl5O8 and 3 wt% YF3 was examined and found to yield densities of greater than 96%. The creep rate of this composition was 5 x .005/h at 1300 C under a 69 MPa load. The high creep rate, in conjunction with a moderately high oxidation rate, precludes the use of this composition for high temperature structural applications. A new source of Si3N4 powder, made by Ube Industries, was qualified as an alternative powder source of this program. The addition of 7 wt% BeSiN2 in conjunction with a total oxygen content of 3.5 wt% yielded sintered densities of greater than 98.5%.
Targeting the NMDA receptor subunit NR2B for treating or preventing age-related memory decline (2014)

Direct upregulation of the NR2B subunit expression can enhance synaptic plasticity and memory functions in a broad range of behavioral tasks in rodents. Other upregulation approaches, such as targeting the NR2B transporter or surface recycling pathway via cyclin-dependent kinase 5, are highly effective in improving memory functions. A dietary supplemental approach by optimally elevating the [Mg²⁺] in the brain is surprisingly effective in upregulating NR2B expression and improving memories in preclinical studies. MgT is currently under clinical trials.
Chemical Named Entity Recognition with Deep Contextualized Neural Embeddings (2019)

Chemical named entity recognition (ChemNER) is a preliminary step in chemical information extraction pipelines. ChemNER has been approached using rule-based, dictionary-based, and feature-engineered based machine learning, and more recently also deep learning based methods. Traditional word-embeddings, like word2vec and Glove, are inherently problematic because they ignore the context in which an entity appears. Contextualized embeddings called embedded language models (ELMo) have been recently introduced to represent contextual information of a word in its embedding space. In this work, we quantify the impact of contextualized embeddings for ChemNER by using Bi-LSTM-CRF (bidirectional long short term memory networks - conditional random fields) networks. We benchmarked our approach using four well-known corpora for chemical named entity recognition. Our results show that incorporation of ELMo results in statistically significant improvements in F1 score in all of the tested datasets.
Urinary schistosomiasis in Zimbabwean school children: predictors of morbidity. (2004)

None of the variables assessed were ideal predictors of morbidity. However, the results suggest that a combination of inexpensive, simple indicators may allow for improved targeting of S. haematobium treatment to those with severe morbidity and better monitoring of the progress of control campaigns when more expensive diagnostic methods are not available.