gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Characterization of Acrylamide/Bisacrylamide Hydrogels and Their Application for the Conservation of Easel Paintings (2012)

Acrylamide chemical gels have been synthesized to obtain systems with mechanic and hydrophilic properties suitable for the cleaning of works of art. The gel characteristics were tailored by changing the polymer percentage present in the final hydrogel formulation from 2 to 10% w/w. Two different hydrogels have been selected in this interval for an in depth characterization (i.e., S 4% w/w and H 6% w/w). Water retention properties of the gels along with the free water index have been determined by the combination of standard dehydration tests and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The gels' structure has been determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The water retention capacity of hydrogel, H, was also determined. Cleaning tests on easel painting replicas, performed with both hydrogels loaded with an aqueous detergent system, showed good results in the removal of a widely used synthetic adhesive and hence offered these gels as a real alternative to the widely applied physical gel methodology with the advantage of being a residue-free technique. A preliminary SAXS investigation confirms the persistence of the detergent system nanostructure inside the hydrogel.
Kinetic control of surface patterning by laser-induced photochemical deposition in liquid solutions. I. Theoretical developments (2004)

We theoretically analyze the real-time formation of holographic grating driven by laser-photochemical deposition in liquid solutions. Considering the one-photon excitation of a two-level system, we present a reaction/diffusion description of the species produced photochemically by the excitation of a continuous laser wave. By assuming that a deposit is heterogeneously nucleated on the substrate when concentration of the reaction product reaches solubility, we develop a thermodynamic analysis of its late-stage growth under laser irradiation. A rate equation is proposed and used to describe the kinetics of three different types of patterning: dot array, periodic line writing, and holographic grating formed by two interfering beams. In each case, the predicted deposit growth laws show the emergence of scaling regimes that give rise to a universal picture of the processes involved, whatever the initial photosensitive medium is. Due to the crucial role played by patterned coatings in numerous practical applications (lithography or holography, for instance), this control in situ of the kinetics offers the opportunity to totally monitor the desired patterning. It also suggests the way to develop a unified description for holographic grating formation driven by photochemical deposition.
Analytical models for transient diffusion and activation of ion-implanted boron during rapid thermal annealing considering ramp-up period (2002)

Analyzing experimental boron transient diffusion profiles in Si MOSFETs over a wide temperature range with the process simulator TESIM, we evaluated the related transient diffusion time t/sub E/, enhanced diffusivity D/sub enh/, and maximum transient diffusion concentration C/sub enh/. Our extracted values contradict previously reported values, but it is due to the fact that the former works neglected the ramp-up period. We show that considering the ramp-up period is indispensable for the analysis of transient diffusion. We also developed analytical models for t/sub E/, D/sub enh/, and C/sub enh/, and clarified their dependence on physical parameters implemented in TESIM.
Physicochemical Properties of Native Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) 7S Globulin and the Molecular Cloning of Its cDNA Isoforms (2007)

7S globulin (vicilin), the major seed storage protein in adzuki bean [Vigna angularis], was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration column chromatography, and anion-exchange column chromatography that resulted in two fractions. On SDS-PAGE, both fractions gave two major and some minor bands, but there was a difference in the minor band compositions between the two fractions. Thermal stability, solubility, surface hydrophobicity, and emulsifying ability of these three samples were analyzed. Although there was no difference in solubility and emulsifying ability among the samples, thermal stability and surface hydrophobicity were different. These differences might be due to the differences in subunit compositions. cDNAs were cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers designed on the basis of the determined N-terminal sequences of the major bands. We obtained three isoforms of cDNAs, which had highest homology with the mung bean 8Salpha globulin (7S globulin), and then soybean beta-conglycinin (7S globulin) beta subunit among legume plants. Adzuki bean 7S globulin isoforms contain more methionine and tryptophan than mung bean 8Salpha globulin and soybean beta-conglycinin beta subunit. In addition, high mannose types of glycans were attached to two or one N-glycosylation sites of adzuki bean 7S globulins.
Adaptive stochastic resonance and fuzzy approximation (2002)

The paper derives the stochastic resonance (SR) optimality conditions that any stochastic learning system should try to achieve. The adaptive system learns the SR effect as the system performs a stochastic gradient ascent on the signal-to-noise ratio. The stochastic learning scheme does not depend on a fuzzy system or any other adaptive system. The learning process is slow and noisy and can require heavy computation. Robust noise suppressors can improve the learning process when we can estimate the impulsiveness of the noise or of other learning terms. Simulations test this SR learning scheme on the popular quartic-bistable dynamical system for many types of noise. The simulation test results suggest that fuzzy techniques and perhaps other "intelligent" techniques can induce SR in many cases when users cannot state the exact form of the dynamical systems.
Interim analysis of the AVETUXIRI Trial: Avelumab combined with cetuximab and irinotecan for treatment of refractory microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)—A proof of concept, open-label, nonrandomized phase IIa study. (2021)

80 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated poor efficacy in MSS mCRC. Previous research indicate that cetuximab (anti-EGFR chimeric monoclonal antibody) could initiate, independently from RAS mutation, an immunogenic tumor cell death and mediate antitumor immune response. In this trial, we aim to explore the clinical efficacy and safety of anti-PDL1 avelumab (AVE) combined with cetuximab (CET) and irinotecan (IRI) for treatment refractory MSS mCRC. Methods: AVETUXIRI (NCT03608046) is a multicenter academic study recruiting MSS, BRAFV600E wt, mCRC patients (pts) refractory to standard treatment (fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, irinotecan and anti-EGFR treatment if RAS wt tumor) in 2 cohorts (cohort A: RAS wt – cohort B: RAS mut). In both cohorts, patients receive CET (400 mg/m2 W1, 250 mg/m2 W2, 500 mg/m2/2 weeks from W3), IRI (180 - 150 mg/m2/2 weeks from W1) and AVE (10 mg/kg/2 weeks starting from W3). Primary endpoints are overall response rate (ORR), defined as partial or complete response (PR or CR) according (i)RECIST1.1, and safety. Secondary endpoints include disease control rate (DCR), PFS and OS. Based on a Simon 2-stage design for ORR in each cohort (cohort A: P0=0.15, P1=0.33 / cohort B: P0=0.09, P1=0.25 / α = 0.1, β = 0.2 in both cohorts), 10 and 13 patients are required in the first stage of cohort A and B respectively. At least 2 pts have to reach PR or CR in each cohort to allow the continuation of the trial in the 2nd stage. Results: Between Oct 2018 and Jan 2020, 23 patients (median age 62 y-old, 86.9% male 78.3% left-sided, 91.3% synchronous mCRC) have been included in the first stage of the trial. No major or unexpected safety events were observed. 21.7% (5/23) of pts presented grade 3 diarrhea, all related to IRI, with complete resolution after IRI dose reduction or interruption. A reduced starting dose of IRI (150 mg/m2) was amended (09/2019) for the last included 8 pts without any grade 3-4 diarrhea occurrence. Grade 1-2 hypothyroidism was the only immune-related side effect. 3 PR were observed in cohort A and none in cohort B. DCR was 60.0% (6/10) and 61.5% (8/13) in cohort A and B respectively. Median PFS and OS were respectively 4.2 and 12.7 months (cohort A) and 3.8 and 14.0 months (cohort B). 6 months-PFS rate was 40.0% and 38.5% in cohort A and B. 12 months-OS rate was 53.3% and 57.7% in cohort A and B. The median follow-up of patients was 9.2 months. Conclusions: The AVETUXIRI trial met its primary efficacy endpoint for RAS wt mCRC pts justifying the study continuation in cohort A (2nd stage). No PR was observed in RAS-mut cohort. Nevertheless, encouraging data of DCR, PFS and OS observed in RAS mut cohort allow the opening of a new cohort for RAS-mut mCRC (cohort C) with PFS as primary endpoint. Clinical trial information: NCT03608046.
PEI-coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide for Delivering Malaria DNA Vaccine Encoding Merozoit Surface Protein MSP119 (2010)

Efficient DNA transfection is crucial for DNA vaccine delivery, as low efficacy is often observed in many in vitro and in vivo studies. To overcome the problem due to cell barriers, the gene vector can be associated with narrow size superparamagnetic nanoparticles, followed by application of an external magnetic field to target the vector to its desired direction. This technique has been proven to result in excellent cell transfection level and to speed up the duration of the process from hours to a few minutes and minimize the vector dose. Thus, the undesired toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles is also reduced. The objective of this study is to improve malaria DNA vaccine delivery with magnetofection by using the membrane associated 19-kDa COOH terminal fragment of merozoite surface protein (MSP119) that plays a critical role in plasmodium immunity and is now a leading malaria vaccine candidate.
Bisphosphonates for Paget's disease of bone in adults (2017)

We found moderate-quality evidence that bisphosphonates improved pain in people with Paget's disease of bone when compared with placebo. We are uncertain about the results of head-to-head studies investigating bisphosphonates. We found insufficient evidence of benefit in terms of pain or quality of life from intensive treatment. Information about adverse effects was limited, but serious side effects were rare, and rate of withdrawals due to side effects was low.
Obstetric and Gynecologic Ultrasound Curriculum and Competency Assessment in Residency Training Programs: Consensus Report (2018)

Ultrasound imaging has become integral to the practice of obstetrics and gynecology. With increasing educational demands and limited hours in residency programs, dedicated time for training and achieving competency in ultrasound has diminished substantially. The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine assembled a multisociety task force to develop a consensus-based, standardized curriculum and competency assessment tools for obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound training in residency programs. The curriculum and competency assessment tools were developed based on existing national and international guidelines for the performance of obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound examinations and thus are intended to represent the minimum requirement for such training. By expert consensus, the curriculum was developed for each year of training, criteria for each competency assessment image were generated, the pass score was established at, or close to, 75% for each, and obtaining a set of 5 ultrasound images with pass score in each was deemed necessary for attaining each competency. Given the current lack of substantial data on competency assessment in ultrasound training, the task force expects that the criteria set forth in this document will evolve with time. The task force also encourages use of ultrasound simulation in residency training and expects that simulation will play a significant part in the curriculum and the competency assessment process. Incorporating this training curriculum and the competency assessment tools may promote consistency in training and competency assessment, thus enhancing the performance and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound examination in obstetrics and gynecology.
Photochemical Interchange of Halogens in Aromatic Compounds. I (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical Interchange of Halogens in Aromatic Compounds. IBarton. Milligan, Ronald L. Bradow, Joseph E. Rose, Hewitt E. Hubbert, and Arthur. RoeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 2, 158–162Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00861a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (662 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE FOR SINGLE-CELL ENCAPSULATION BY RANDOM BREAKUP AND SORTING OF MICRO-DROPLETS (2010)

We introduce a scheme of breaking a large droplet containing high concentrations of cells into smaller droplets, which increases the proportion of single-cell (Escherichia coli) containing droplets in the outlet with the aid of the hydrodynam- ic sorting method. The series of simple groove structures which repeats expansion and contraction of the channel area along the flow yields disruption of droplets by elongating and splitting them. The dimension of the grooves sets the range of the droplet diameters after breakup. Since the height of the whole channel (h1+h2) and the distance between the protrusions (w3) are 30 μm, droplets of diameter less than 30 μm will restore their spherical shape and will not be easily deformed due to high surface tension. Therefore, most of the droplets will have diameters 10−30 μm, along with satellite droplets. Larger drop- lets are more likely to contain multiple numbers of cells as shown in Table 1. To eliminate the large droplets with mul- tiple cells, we had to break the initial droplet completely to have diameter less than 20 μm or remove them by sending them to the top outlet with the aid of the slanted (30°) groove structures. EXPERIMENTAL
Comparison of Manometric and Infrared Methods for Determining Carbon Monoxide in Blood (1972)

Abstract Twelve samples of blood containing carbon monoxide (CO) ranging from 0.24 to 6.80 vol % were analyzed in duplicate by a manometric method and by two other methods in which an infrared CO meter is used. The analytical precision was within ±0.015 vol % for all methods, and the differences observed in blood CO between any two methods were not statistically significant. One of the methods with the infrared CO meter was preferred because, without sacrificing either precision or accuracy, it was considerably more convenient and technically less demanding than either of the other methods.
Space Station technology experiments and uses (1986)

With the advent of the Space Station will come significant opportunities to conduct research in the near-Earth space environment. We anticipate that the Space Station will be an in-space facility where long duration missions can be conducted. A great deal of experimentation is expected to be performed in such areas as science and applications, technology, and commercial ventures. NASA is working very actively to establish the experimental requirements from each experiment area. This paper addresses the in-space technology experimental applications and uses of the Space Station as presently envisioned for this next step in space.
Countering Staphylococcus Overgrowth During Patch Testing in Children with Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis (2015)

Moderate to severe AD and concern regarding S. aureus overgrowth should not preclude patch testing.
Establishment of Listeria monocytogenes in the Gastrointestinal Tract (2019)

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram positive foodborne pathogen that can colonize the gastrointestinal tract of a number of hosts, including humans. These environments contain numerous stressors such as bile, low oxygen and acidic pH, which may impact the level of colonization and persistence of this organism within the GI tract. The ability of L. monocytogenes to establish infections and colonize the gastrointestinal tract is directly related to its ability to overcome these stressors, which is mediated by the efficient expression of several stress response mechanisms during its passage. This review will focus upon how and when this occurs and how this impacts the outcome of foodborne disease.
What is the Role of Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator in Renal Disease? (2018)

Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator -(suPAR) is an inflammatory signal with pleiotropic biological effects depending on context and post-translational modifications. Recently, [Hayek, et al: Nat Med 2017; 23: 945-953] it has been found that there is a link between suPAR and renal disease in several guises, and a key question is whether it is a driver or a marker of renal disease, and if so of which types of kidney damage. Subject of Review: Circulating suPAR has been postulated to cause acute proteinuric kidney disease, specifically focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), though both the animal models and clinical data in the original reports have been challenged. More recently, suPAR levels are linked to the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by directly activating signaling pathways in the podocyte or as a sensitive early biomarker. Second Opinion: The evidence for suPAR as a driver of FSGS proteinuria is not yet established, and more needs to be done, particularly by measuring different circulating suPAR fragments and identifying "second hits," to clarify if any role exists. The evidence for suPAR as a sensitive biomarker for CKD progression is currently stronger, and needs further independent validation as well as prospective serial suPAR measurements in CKD cohorts. Whether it is a surrogate marker for ongoing inflammatory drivers of kidney disease, or has direct mechanistic effects in podocytes will depend on further studies, as well as trials of suPAR removal or direct blockade of downstream pathways.
Secure Device Pairing Based on a Visual Channel: Design and Usability Study (2010)

“Pairing” is the establishment of authenticated key agreement between two devices over a wireless channel. Such devices are ad hoc in nature as they lack any common preshared secrets or trusted authority. Fortunately, these devices can be connected via auxiliary physical (audio, visual, tactile) channels which can be authenticated by human users. They can, therefore, be used to form the basis of a pairing operation. Recently proposed pairing protocols and methods are based upon bidirectional physical channels. However, various pairing scenarios are asymmetric in nature, i.e., only a unidirectional physical channel exists between two devices (such as between a cell phone and an access point). In this paper, we show how strong mutual authentication can be achieved even with a unidirectional visual channel, where prior methods could provide only a weaker property termed as presence. This could help reduce the execution time and improve usability of prior pairing methods. In addition, by adopting recently proposed improved pairing protocols, we propose how visual channel authentication can be used even on devices that have very limited displaying capabilities, all the way down to a device whose display consists of a cheap single light-source, such as a light-emitting diode. We present the results of a preliminary usability study evaluating our proposed method.
E-Commerce Product Recommendation Agents: Use, Characteristics, and Impact1 (2007)

Recommendation agents (RAs) are software agents that elicit the interests or preferences of individual consumers for products, either explicitly or implicitly, and make recommendations accordingly. RAs have the potential to support and improve the quality of the decisions consumers make when searching for and selecting products online. They can reduce the information overload facing consumers, as well as the complexity of online searches. Prior research on RAs has focused mostly on developing and evaluating different underlying algorithms that generate recommendations. This paper instead identifies other important aspects of RAs, namely RA use, RA characteristics, provider credibility, and factors related to product, user, and user–RA interaction, which influence users’ decision-making processes and outcomes, as well as their evaluation of RAs. It goes beyond generalized models, such as TAM, and identifies the RA-specific features, such as RA input, process, and output design characteristics, that affect users’ evaluations, including their assessments of the usefulness and ease-of-use of RA applications. Based on a review of existing literature on e-commerce RAs, this paper develops a conceptual model with 28 propositions derived from five theoretical perspectives. The propositions help answer the two research questions: (1) How do RA use, RA characteristics, and other factors influence consumer decision making processes and outcomes? (2) How do RA use, RA characteristics, and other factors influence users’ evaluations of RAs? By identifying the critical gaps between what we know and what we need to know, this paper identifies potential areas of future research for scholars. It also provides advice to information systems practitioners concerning the effective design and development of RAs.
Noncoherent data transition tracking loops for symbol synchronization in digital communication receivers (2006)

Starting with the maximum a posteriori (MAP)estimation approach, this paper derives the optimum (in the MAP estimation sense) means for performing symbol-timing recovery in the absence of carrier-phase information (i.e., prior to carrier-phase recovery). Specifically, we examine the necessary modification of a well-known form of coherent symbol synchronizer,namely, the data transition tracking loop (DTTL), to allow its operation in the absence of carrier-phase information, i.e., as a so-called noncoherent symbol sync loop. By employing such a noncoherent scheme, one can eliminate the need for iteration between the carrier and symbol sync functions,as typically takes place in receivers that more commonly perform carrier tracking and acquisition prior to symbol timing. The performance of both the linear and nonlinear versions of this noncoherent DTTL is obtained by a combination of analysis and simulation, and compared with that of the corresponding coherent DTTLs.