gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nectin2α (PRR2α or HveB) and Nectin2δ Are Low-Efficiency Mediators for Entry of Herpes Simplex Virus Mutants Carrying the Leu25Pro Substitution in Glycoprotein D (2000)

The receptors for entry of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2), widely expressed in human cell lines, are members of a subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily exemplified by herpesvirus entry mediator C (HveC) and the herpesvirus immunoglobulin-like receptor (HIgR). This report focuses on two members of this subset, herpesvirus entry mediator B (HveB), recently designated nectin2/PRR2alpha, and its splice variant isoform, nectin2/PRR2delta. Nectin2alpha and -delta share the ectodomain but differ in the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions. HveB was reported to enable entry of HSV-1 carrying mutations in glycoprotein D (gD) and of HSV-2, but not of wild-type (wt) HSV-1. We report that (i) both nectin2alpha and -delta served as receptors for the entry of HSV-1 mutant viruses HSV-1(U10) and -(U21) and AP7(r) that carry the Leu25Pro substitution in gD but not for HSV-1 mutants U30 and R5000 that carry the Ser140 or Ala185 substitution in gD. All of these mutants were able to overcome the block to entry mediated by expression of wt gD. (ii) Infection of cells expressing nectin2alpha or -delta required exposure to multiplicities of infection about 100-fold higher than those required to infect cells expressing HveC or HIgR. (iii) gD from HSV-1(U21) bound in vitro soluble forms of nectin2. The association was weaker than that to the soluble form of HveC/HIgR. Binding of wt HSV-1 gD to soluble nectin2 was not detectable. (iv) A major region of nectin2 functional in virus entry mapped to the V domain, located at the N terminus.
Nonlinear time series analysis by neural networks: an example (2005)

This paper presents an application of feedforward neural networks to nonlinear time-series analysis of a univariate system. The appropriate network size is determined by studying statistical criteria for the fits on the training set and on an independent test set. By a proper choice of network size, the problems of model over-parametrization can be avoided. The reason for the worse performance of the over-sized networks is analyzed and discussed.
Stoppers and Skins on Clay Nanotubes Help Stabilize Oil-in-Water Emulsions and Modulate the Release of Encapsulated Surfactants (2019)

This work develops the concepts of particle-stabilized emulsions using tubular natural clays known as halloysites to attach to the oil–water interface and stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. Such halloysite nanotubes (HNT) serve as reservoirs for surfactants and can deliver surfactants to the oil–water interface and thus lower the oil–water interfacial tension. This two-step concept of surfactant delivery and droplet stabilization by particles has significant implications to oil spill remediation. However, to deliver surfactant loaded HNTs in a water-based solvent slurry, it is important to stopper the nanotubes to prevent premature release of the surfactant. This work focuses on the use of an environmentally benign two-dimensional metal–organic framework formed by coordinating Fe(III) with a polyphenolic as a stoppering agent. Such metal–phenolic networks (MPN) form a skin around the HNTs, thus providing a way to effectively sequester surfactant cargo for controlled release. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) shows that these HNTs and HNT bundles attach to the oil–water interface with side-on orientation. Inverted drop tensiometry was used to characterize the dynamic interfacial tension resulting from the release of a model surfactant (Tween 80) from the HNTs and indicates that the MPN stoppers are effective in sequestering the surfactant cargo for extended periods at neutral pH values. Release triggered by MPN disassembly at acidic pH values can be performed just prior to delivery to oil spills. The concepts and scalability of this process have significant implications for oil spill remediation, enhanced oil recovery, and biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
Time transfer by laser link: a complete analysis of the uncertainty budget (2015)

The Time Transfer by Laser Experiment (T2L2) on the Jason 2 satellite is a mission allowing remote clocks synchronization at the picosecond level. It is based on laser ranging technologies, with a laser station network on the ground and a dedicated instrument on board the satellite. It was launched in June 2008 and has been working continuously since then. T2L2 performances are very promising for time and frequency metrology and also for fundamental physics. The scientific objectives of the whole experiment rely on a rigorous uncertainty budget. This is governed by the characteristics of the space instrument and the laser stations network, the post treatment done on the ground, and also the process used to calibrate the laser stations. The uncertainty budget demonstrates that T2L2 is able to perform common-view time transfers between remote sites with an expanded uncertainty better than 140 ps (coverage factor = 2).
NASA Lewis Thermal Barrier Feasibility Investigated for Use in Space Shuttle Solid-Rocket Motor Nozzle-to-Case Joints (1999)

Assembly joints of modern solid-rocket motor cases are usually sealed with conventional O-ring seals. The 5500 F combustion gases produced by rocket motors are kept a safe distance away from the seals by thick layers of insulation and by special compounds that fill assembly split-lines in the insulation. On limited occasions, NASA has observed charring of the primary O-rings of the space shuttle solid-rocket nozzle-assembly joints due to parasitic leakage paths opening up in the gap-fill compounds during rocket operation. Thus, solid-rocket motor manufacturer Thiokol approached the NASA Lewis Research Center about the possibility of applying Lewis braided-fiber preform seal as a thermal barrier to protect the O-ring seals. This thermal barrier would be placed upstream of the primary O-rings in the nozzle-to-case joints to prevent hot gases from impinging on the O-ring seals (see the following illustration). The illustration also shows joints 1 through 5, which are potential sites where the thermal barrier could be used.
The LOCO-I lossless image compression algorithm: principles and standardization into JPEG-LS (2000)

LOCO-I (LOw COmplexity LOssless COmpression for Images) is the algorithm at the core of the new ISO/ITU standard for lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone images, JPEG-LS. It is conceived as a "low complexity projection" of the universal context modeling paradigm, matching its modeling unit to a simple coding unit. By combining simplicity with the compression potential of context models, the algorithm "enjoys the best of both worlds." It is based on a simple fixed context model, which approaches the capability of the more complex universal techniques for capturing high-order dependencies. The model is tuned for efficient performance in conjunction with an extended family of Golomb-type codes, which are adaptively chosen, and an embedded alphabet extension for coding of low-entropy image regions. LOCO-I attains compression ratios similar or superior to those obtained with state-of-the-art schemes based on arithmetic coding. Moreover, it is within a few percentage points of the best available compression ratios, at a much lower complexity level. We discuss the principles underlying the design of LOCO-I, and its standardization into JPEC-LS.
Aortic valve disease in diabetes: Molecular mechanisms and novel therapies (2021)

Valve disease and particularly calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) and diabetes (DM) are progressive diseases constituting a global health burden for all aging societies (Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2014;56(6):565: Circulation Research. 2021;128(9):1344). Compared to non-diabetic individuals (The Lancet. 2008;371(9626):1800: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1983;51(3):403: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017;69(12):1523), the diabetic patients have a significantly greater propensity for cardiovascular disorders and faster degeneration of implanted bioprosthetic aortic valves. Previously, using an original experimental model, the diabetic-hyperlipemic hamsters, we have shown that the earliest alterations induced by these conditions occur at the level of the aortic valves and, with time these changes lead to calcifications and CAVD. However, there are no pharmacological treatments available to reverse or retard the progression of aortic valve disease in diabetes, despite the significant advances in the field. Therefore, it is critical to uncover the mechanisms of valve disease progression, find biomarkers for diagnosis and new targets for therapies. This review aims at presenting an update on the basic research in CAVD in the context of diabetes. We provide an insight into the accumulated data including our results on diabetes-induced progressive cell and molecular alterations in the aortic valve, new potential biomarkers to assess the evolution and therapy of the disease, advancement in targeted nanotherapies, tissue engineering and the potential use of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in CAVD.
Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and soluble CD14 transfer lipopolysaccharide to phospholipid bilayers: preferential interaction with particular classes of lipid (1997)

LPS-binding protein (LBP) catalyzes the movement of LPS (endotoxin) from micelles directly to high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, and this activity results in neutralization of the biologic activities of LPS. LBP also catalyzes the transfer of LPS to HDL by a two-step mechanism in which LPS is transferred to soluble CD14 (sCD14), and then from LPS-sCD14 complexes to HDL. In this work, we show that the phospholipid component of HDL, phosphatidylcholine (PC), is both necessary and sufficient for LBP-catalyzed neutralization of LPS through either mechanism. Our observation that LBP and sCD14 can transport LPS into phospholipid bilayers suggests that LBP and membrane CD14 may transport LPS into the phospholipid bilayer of cells such as monocytes and neutrophils. Studies with a variety of purified phospholipids showed that: 1) PC, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and sphingomyelin can neutralize LPS, while phosphatidylethanolamine, ceramide, and lactosylceramide cannot. 2) PC containing saturated long chain acyl groups (distearoyl-PC) does not neutralize LPS, but PC containing unsaturated long chain acyl groups (dioleoyl-PC) rapidly neutralizes LPS. 3) Inclusion of sCD14 is absolutely necessary to observe LBP-dependent neutralization of LPS by sphingomyelin, globoside, and phosphatidylserine. 4) Inclusion of sCD14 enhances movement to longer chain PC vesicles, but slows movement to certain short chain vesicles. These findings indicate that LBP and sCD14 will rapidly transfer LPS to certain membranes based on the kinetics of the movement of LPS into these membranes. This discrimination may target LPS to certain classes of lipoprotein, certain cell types, or even certain lipid domains at the cell surface.
A New Class of C1‐Symmetric Monosulfoximine Ligands for Enantioselective Hetero Diels—Alder Reactions. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Introduction:  Laser Ablation of Molecular Substrates (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTIntroduction: Laser Ablation of Molecular SubstratesSavas Georgiou and Franz HillenkampView Author Information FORTH-IESL, Greece University of Muenster, GermanyCite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 2, 317–320Publication Date (Web):February 12, 2003Publication History Published online12 February 2003Published inissue 1 February 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr030601jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr030601jeditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1353Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (23 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Ablation,Deposition,Lasers,Materials,Substrates Get e-Alerts
« L'Europe à bâtir ». La question européenne dans les mouvements de jeunesse alsaciens (1945-1963). (2009)

3 objectifs dans cette communication, en se focalisant en particulier sur les mouvements de jeunesse d'une région particulière, l'Alsace, que l'on voit souvent - parfois à tort - comme une région aux avant-postes de la construction de l'Europe du fait de sa proximité culturelle avec l'Allemagne. Evaluer tout d'abord les effets de la création de l'OFAJ sur la manière de penser l'Europe dans les mouvements de jeunes pour remonter ensuite le temps. Montrer ensuite que si, à partir du début des années 60, la création de l'OFAJ permet de donner une impulsion réelle aux questions européennes dans les mouvements alsaciens, la question européenne est en fait en débat, encouragée par certains, contestée par d'autres, parfois douloureuse, dans les mouvements de jeunes alsaciens avant 1963. Pour finir, comprendre le sens de cette orientation des mouvements vers la question européenne entre 1945 et le début des années 60, question apparaissant souvent comme un moyen pour les mouvements, non pas de s'inscrire réellement et pleinement dans le processus de construction de l'Europe, mais surtout de se moderniser et d'attirer des jeunes.
Broadcast-based dynamic consensus propagation in wireless sensor networks (2009)

Consensus propagation (CP) is an attractive distributed asynchronous averaging algorithm. In this paper, we develop a modified CP protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSN) that uses message broadcast instead of bilateral message exchange, thereby significantly reducing transmit energy. Furthermore, we extend CP to dynamic environments. We show that the distributed nature of the algorithm causes an inherent tracking delay which we propose to compensate by incorporating an appropriately designed linear predictor. The performance of dynamic broadcast CP is assessed via numerical simulations for severalWSN topologies.
Exploring architectural scalability (2004)

We describe a structured, hierarchic approach to exploring the scalability of IT systems architectures. An architecture is considered to be scalable over a particular set of requirements if the physical resource usage per unit of capacity remains roughly constant. For completeness, both requirements and capacity must be defined in the three dimensions of processing, storage and connectivity. Interactions between the three dimensions are considered, as are various forms of departure from non-uniform scaling. Scalability is explored via a combination of measurement and static and dynamic models. Appropriate scale-invariants are introduced to eliminate congestion effects and packaging issues from the analysis. This paper focuses on processing and to a lesser extent, on storage. The method is applied to a practical case study of Transigo, a J2EE-based software platform used in the Norwegian banking industry. We find that understanding the relationship between replication and upgrade for systems, subsystems and devices is key to guiding the exploration of scalability.
1.6 Å structure of an NAD+-dependent quinate dehydrogenase fromCorynebacterium glutamicum (2008)

To date, three different functional classes of bacterial shikimate/quinate dehydrogenases have been identified and are referred to as AroE, SDH-L and YdiB. The enzyme AroE and the catalytically much slower SDH-L clearly prefer NADP+/NADPH as the cosubstrate and are specific for (dehydro-)shikimate, whereas in YdiB the differences in affinity for NADP+/NADPH versus NAD+/NADH as well as for (dehydro-)shikimate versus (dehydro-)quinate are marginal. These three subclasses have a similar three-dimensional fold and hence all belong to the same structural class of proteins. In this paper, the crystal structure of an enzyme from Corynebacterium glutamicum is presented that clearly prefers NAD+ as a cosubstrate and that demonstrates a higher catalytic efficiency for quinate rather than shikimate. While the kinetic constants for this enzyme clearly differ from those reported for AroE, SDH-L and YdiB, the three-dimensional structure of this protein is similar to members of these three subclasses. Thus, the enzyme described here belongs to a new functional class of the shikimate/quinate dehydrogenase family. The different substrate and cosubstrate specificities of this enzyme relative to all other known bacterial shikimate/quinate dehydrogenases are discussed by means of analyzing the crystal structure and derived models. It is proposed that in contrast to shikimate, quinate forms a hydrogen bond to the NAD+. In addition, it is suggested that the hydroxyl group of a conserved active-site threonine hydrogen bonds to quinate more effectively than to shikimate. Also, the hydroxyl group of a conserved tyrosine approaches the carboxylate group of quinate more closely than it does the carboxylate group of shikimate. Taken together, these factors most likely lead to a lower Michaelis constant and therefore to a higher catalytic efficiency for quinate. The active site of the dehydrogenase reported here is larger than those of other known shikimate/quinate dehydrogenases, which may explain why quinate is easily accommodated within the catalytic cleft.
Storage. (2009)

This chapter discusses the storage of vegetable crop seeds under the best possible conditions to ensure that the maximum potential germination and other seed quality factors are maintained. The reasons for seed storage are mentioned, i.e. storage for contingencies, fluctuating demand and seasonal differences, maintenance of maximum seed vigour and potential germination, and maintenance of valuable seed classes, germplasm and breeding material. Field factors that affect seed storage potential are also discussed, which include micronutrient and macronutrient deficiencies during plant growth and development of a potential seed crop, relative humidity, excessive rainfall, high temperature, and mechanical damage during harvesting. The importance of seed quality (viability and vigour) at start of storage are emphasized. The stages comprising the total possible storage duration of a seed lot are enumerated. The effects of storage environment (temperature and relative humidity) on seed quality, and the construction and management of seed stores are described.
Synthesis and Evaluation of N-Diaminophosphoryl Aminothioureas as Bifunctional Catalysts for Vinylogous Aldol Reactions of Isatins and 2(3H)-Furanones (2023)

The organocatalytic asymmetric direct vinylogous aldol reaction of <i>N</i>-methylisatins <b>1</b> and γ-butenolides <b>2</b> to provide 3-hydroxy-2-oxindole derivatives <b>3</b> was investigated. A series of <i>N</i>-diaminophosphoryl aminothiourea catalysts <b>4</b> was synthesized, and their utility for the stereoselective formation of <b>3</b> was examined.
Ataxia and peripheral neuropathy: A benign variant of peroxisome dysgenesis (1990)

A 5-year-old boy with panperoxisomal dysfunction is described. Clinical features included hypotonia, areflexia, and ataxia. Cognition, vision, hearing, and hepatic function were normal. A panel of peroxisomal markers, including very-long-chain fatty acids, phytanic acid, pipecolic acid, and catalase compartmentalization, were abnormal. This is a uniquely benign syndrome of disordered peroxisome biogenesis.
Removal of bleed-through effect via nonnegative least-correlation (2014)

Bleed-through effect is one of the most common degradations in old documents, even in today's newspapers. This effect must be removed for hancing human and automatic readability. The two images scanned from the recto and verso pages of a document can be treated as a linear combination of clean text images from two sides. In this paper, we introduce a nonnegative least-correlation approach to demix bleed-through text images. Experiments have been conducted on both synthetic and real world images. In synthetic case, our method can recover the source text images exactly. Under real world conditions, our approach also performs well. In addition, our approach is computationally efficient and does not need any postprocessing task.
Expression and activity of multidrug resistance protein 1 in a murine thymoma cell line (2005)

Multidrug resistance proteins [MRPs and P-glycoprotein (Pgp)] are members of the family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins, originally described as being involved in the resistance against anti-cancer agents in tumour cells. These proteins act as ATP-dependent efflux pumps and have now been described in normal cells where they exert physiological roles. The aim of this work was to investigate the expression and activity of MRP and Pgp in the thymoma cell line, EL4. It was observed that EL4 cells expressed mRNA for MRP1, but not for MRP2, MRP3 or Pgp. The activity of ABC transport proteins was evaluated by using the efflux of the fluorescent probes carboxy-2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (CFDA) and rhodamine 123 (Rho 123). EL4 cells did not retain CFDA intracellularly, and MRP inhibitors (probenecid, indomethacin and MK 571) decreased MRP1 activity in a concentration-dependent manner. As expected, EL4 cells accumulated Rho 123, and the presence of cyclosporin A and verapamil did not modify this accumulation. Most importantly, when EL4 cells were incubated in the presence of the MRP1 inhibitors indomethacin and MK 571 for 6 days, they started to express CD4 and CD8 molecules on their surface, producing double-positive cells and CD8 single-positive cells. Our results suggest that MRP activity is important for the maintenance of the undifferentiated state in this cell type. This finding might have implications in the physiological process of normal thymocyte maturation.
A decentralized, adaptive replica location mechanism (2003)

We describe a decentralized, adaptive mechanism for replica location in wide-area distributed systems. Unlike traditional, hierarchical (e.g, DNS) and more recent (e.g., CAN, Chord, Gnutella) distributed search and indexing schemes, nodes in our location mechanism do not route queries, instead, they organize into an overlay network and distribute location information. We contend that this approach works well in environments where replica location queries are prevalent but the dynamic component of the system (e.g., node and network failures, replica add/delete operations) cannot be neglected. We argue that a replica location mechanism that combines probabilistic representations of replica location information with soft-state protocols and a flat overlay network of nodes brings important benefits: genuine decentralization, low query latency, and flexibility to introduce adaptive communication schedules. We support these claims in two ways. First, we provide a rough resource consumption evaluation: we show that, for environments similar to those encountered in large scientific data analysis projects, generated network traffic is limited and, more importantly, is comparable to the traffic generated by a request routing scheme. Second, we provide encouraging performance data from a prototype implementation.