gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on vincristine-resistance in human neuroblastoma cells. (1991)

PUFAs such as GLA (n-6) or DHA (n-3) were shown to exert antitumor activity on a human neuroblastoma cell line (NCG) and its VCR-resistant subline (NCG/VCR1, 8.6-fold resistant to VCR) in vitro. The NCG/VCR1 line had markedly decreased intracellular accumulation of [3H]-VCR and an accelerated drug efflux, compared to the NCG. The cytotoxic activity of PUFAs was correlated with the generation of MDA-like products in these cells. When VCR was added simultaneously with GLA or DHA to culture medium, the cytotoxic effect of VCR was about 2-fold enhanced, accompanied by about 1.5-2.0-fold increase of intracellular [3H]-VCR in both cell lines. Fatty acid analysis of membrane phospholipids of the NCG and the NCG/VCR1 cells treated with GLA or DHA showed an increased total PUFAs and SFAs, associated with markedly decreased total MUFAs and an inverted PUFAs/MUFAs ratio. Such phospholipid modification may have altered the membrane physical properties and enhanced the VCR cytotoxicity by increasing intracellular VCR accumulation; however, these PUFAs did not affect the drug efflux sufficiently enough to overcome completely the VCR resistance in the NCG/VCR1 cells. These results indicate that PUFAs partially alleviate the VCR-resistance in human neuroblastoma cells, not directly acting on VCR-resistance mechanism(s).
2A2-S09 Investigation into mechanism of electrode needle which allows generating asymmetric ablation shape in RFA(Surgical Robotics and Mechatronics (1)) (2012)

RFA is a treatment modality for cancer that is becoming accepted because of its less-invasiveness and high-curability. Controlling the shape of ablation area increases curative effect. Therefore we propose the mechanism of electrode needle that RF current flow between two secondary electrode needles. We examined the parameters required to obtain a trapezoidal ablation area surrounded by two electrode needles. The result of simulation, it was suggested that the relation of length and thickness of two needles affect ablation. In addition, we performed ablation experiments using agar phantoms. We evaluated the ablation shape of simulation and experiment as three-dimensional cube set. Then, we confirmed that result of simulation and experiments were in agreement.
Effect of Carbon Addition of Shape Memory Properties of TiNb Alloys (2010)

In order to increase critical stress for slip in Ti-Nb base shape memory alloys, strengthening by carbon additions (0.2 and 0.5mass%C) to Ti-27mol%Nb was investigated. It was found that all the alloys were  (bcc) phase at room temperature, and TiC existed in C-added alloys. The grain size was decreased with carbon content due to grain boundary pinning. Texture measurement revealed that strong {112}&lt;110&gt; recrystallization texture was formed in C-free alloy and that weak {001}&lt;110&gt; texture in C-added alloys. Tensile tests revealed that clear superelasticity appeared in C-free alloy but that stress-induced martensitic transformation seems to be suppressed by TiC in C-added alloys. The critical stress for slip was linearly increased by carbon content. Then, carbon addition affects the shape memory properties of TiNb alloys, and is effective to enhance the critical stress for slip.
Synthesis, Structures, Characterization, Dynamic Behavior, and Reactions of Novel Late Transition Metal(II) 1-Azaallyls (2004)

A series of homoleptic late transition metal(II) 1-azaallyl compounds ([M(L)2] {L = η3-N(SiMe3)C(tBu)CH(C6H4Me-4), M = Fe (5), Co (6), or Ni (7)}, [M(L1)2] {L1 = η3-N(SiMe3)C(Ph)CH(SiMe3), M = Ni (8) or Pd (9)}, [M(L2)2] {L2 = η3-N(SiMe3)C(tBu)CH(SiMe3), M = Fe (10) or Co (11)}, or [M(L3)2] {L3 = η1-N(SiMe3)C(tBu)CH(C10H7-1), M = Fe (12)} have been prepared by reactions of anhydrous late transition metal halides {MX2 = FeBr2, CoCl2, [NiBr2(dme)], or [PdCl2(cod)]} with the appropriate lithium or potassium 1-azallyl KL (1), [LiL1(thf)]2 (2), [LiL2]2 (3), or KL3 (4) in a 1:2 molar ratio. The heteroleptic 1-azallylnickel(II) complex Ni(η3-C3H5)(L3) (13) was prepared from [{Ni(η3-C3H5)(μ-Br)}2] with a stoichiometric amount of the 1-azaallylpotassium reagent KL3 (4). Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed the 1-azaallyl to be bonded to the metal center in an η3-NCC mode in the mononuclear compounds 5−8 and 10, whereas in 12 the 1-azallyl is N-bound in the κ1-enamido fashion. The iron(II) (5, 10, and 12) and cobalt(II) (6 and 11) compounds are paramagnetic and have magnetic moments in the range 5.01−5.61 μB and 2.73−3.01 μB, respectively, characteristic of a high-spin d6 and low-spin d7 electronic configuration, respectively. The diamagnetic group 10 metal 1-azaallyl compounds (7−9 and 13) were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and were found to be a mixture of isomers. Several NOE, two-dimensional, and saturation transfer NMR spectroscopic experiments were used to elucidate the nature of the three isomers. Variable-temperature and variable-temperature saturation transfer NMR spectroscopic experiments showed the isomers of each of compounds 7−9 to be involved in a dynamic process. Electrochemical and oxidation studies on compounds 5 and 6 are reported, as are α-olefin oligomerization reactions catalyzed by 13 with MAO or B(C6F5)3.
Method for characterizing the endurance limit of a part from its surface profile (2011)

The invention concerns a method for characterizing the endurance limit of a part from the state of its surface including the following steps: reading geometrical data describing the surface profile of the zone the endurance limit of which is to be determined, appling said date to a computing model so as to work out an estimate of the field of mechanical stresses in said zone of said part, deducing fron said estimate of the field of stresses at least one quantity characteristic of the endurance behavior of th epart.
Development of a Combined Heart-Cut and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography System to Extend the Carbon Range of Volatile Organic Compounds Analysis in a Single Instrument (2016)

The majority of atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are usually limited to a small range, either in volatility or time resolution. A combined heart-cut gas chromatography (GC) with comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC×GC) instrument was developed, specifically to increase the number of VOCs analysed using a single instrument. The system uses valve based modulation and was fully automated, making it suitable for use in the field. A laboratory comparison to an existing dual-channel GC (DC-GC) instrument demonstrated that this new GC-GC×GC can accurately measure atmospheric mixing ratios of C 5 -C 13 VOC species with a wide range of functionalities. Approximately hourly field measurements were conducted at a remote marine atmospheric research station in Bachok, Malaysia. This region was shown to be influenced by clean marine air masses, local anthropogenic and biogenic emission sources and aged emissions transported from highly polluted South East Asian regions. A dramatic shift in air mass direction was observed each day associated with the development of a sea breeze, which influenced the diurnal profiles of species measured at the Bachok site. A proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) was also deployed at Bachok and compared to the new GC-GC×GC instrument. Overall, the GC-GC×GC instrument has been shown to perform well in lab comparisons and during field observations. This represents a good compromise between volatility and high complexity o n l i n e measurements of VOCs.
UsingWeb Services for Configuration and Deployment according to the CDDLM Standard (2006)

As Web services and service oriented architectures are adopted, it is increasingly important to have standard and interoperable means to deploy and configure Web services. Within the Global Grid Forum, HP, NEC, and Softricity have been developing a standard for configuration description, deployment, and lifecycle management (CDDLM). In order to prove its feasibility, reference implementations are being developed. This paper describes an independent reference implementation of CDDLM and the experience in using Web Services for deployment in a standardized manner. Our main contributions are: the lessons learned in implementing this WS-based standard and an architecture for implementing CDDLM
REACTIVITY STUDIES OF URANIUM OXIDES (1957)

One amorphous and three crystalline polymorphic modlfications of UO/sub 3/ have been prepared by pyrolysis of uranyl nitrate hexahydrate. The hydration reactivity of UO/sub 3/ appears to be a function of its residual N content which is, in turn, dependent on the method, time, and temperatuee of denitration. Amorphous UO/sub 3/ is more reactive than crystalline UO/sub 3/. The initial oxidation reactivity (the O/sub 2/ sorption in 1 day at room temperature) of UO/ sub 2/ varies with the method of preparation of the UO/sub 2/. The average oxidation rate of UO/sub 2/Z after the first day decreases with increasing N content of the UO/sub 3/ from which the UC/sub 2/ was made. If soluble nitrates are removed from UO/sub 3/ by water leaching prior to reduction, the final reoxidation reactivity of the UO/sub 2/ is increased by a factor of 10. Hydration and dehydration of amomphous UO/sub 3/, without leaching, decrease the final reoxidation reactivity of the subsequent UO/sub 2/ by a factor of 10. UO/ sub 2/ made from amorphous UO/sub 3/ has a higher reoxidation reactivity than when made from crystalline UO/sub 3/ of the same N content. (auth)
The Regolini-Galassi Tomb revisited: 3D reconstruction as a research instrument (2011)

&quot;Etruscanning was a close collaboration between museum curators, archaeologists,software developers, interactive designers, exhibition designers,specialists in storytelling, consultants in digitization and digitalrestoration, evaluation
Wireless portable communications using pre-RAKE CDMA/TDD/QPSK systems with different combining techniques and imperfect channel estimation (2002)

This paper studies the use of pre-RAKE combining technique in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems with QPSK carrier modulation and time division duplex (TDD) in wide-band wireless portable communication systems. The system performance is analyzed in a generalized Rayleigh fading multipath channel. Our analysis is focused on two main issues. The first issue is comparing the various diversity techniques and studying the effect of the diversity order. Two diversity combining techniques, namely, maximal ratio combing (MRC) and equal gain combing (EGC) supplemented by a selection diversity for the strongest paths in gain are examined. The second considered issue is studying the effect of imperfect channel estimation on the system performance and comparing it with the ideal QPSK pre-RAKE system.
Data Integrity and Worldwide Regulatory Guidance (2016)

Good storage of data & record management are critical elements of pharmaceutical quality system. Data integrity refers to maintaining & assuring the accuracy & consistency of data over its entire life-cycle in compliance with its applicable regulatory requirements. Data integrity is mandatory for the regulated pharmaceutical industry, as processing and disposition decisions regarding product quality, safety, efficacy, purity, and compliance with the applicable regulatory requirements are made based on data that is recorded and reported. Data integrity risk should be assessed, mitigated, communicated & reviewed throughout the data life cycle. Healthcare industries should be designed Record-keeping methodologies and systems, in a way that encourages compliance and assures data quality and reliability.
Hydrogenation of 9‐octadecenoic acid by Ru−Sn−Al2O3catalysts: Effects of catalyst preparation method (1994)

Abstract Evaluation of the method of preparation and the sequence of metal incorporation onto the catalyst showed that they had profound effects on the catalytic behavior of Ru−Sn−Al 2 O 3 catalysts used in the selective hydrogenation of oleic acid to 9‐octadecen‐1‐ol. When Ru was loaded first onto the support and then followed by Sn, the catalyst had lower activity but greater ability to preserve the unsaturated bond. On the other hand, when the sequence of loading was reversed, the behavior of the catalyst changed correspondingly, i.e., the catalyst showed higher activity but poorer ability to protect the unsaturated bond. The metal particles incorporated via the sol‐gel method were finely and evenly distributed on the support. As such, they were more readily shielded by the second metal particles that were subsequently incorporated via the impregnation process. When both metals were loaded via the sol‐gel process, the best result was obtained with superior performance in activity, as well as selectivity in the preservation of double bond.
Scrapie prions selectively modify the stress response in neuroblastoma cells. (1995)

The fundamental event underlying scrapie infection seems to be a conformational change in the prion protein. To investigate proteins that might feature in the conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the scrapie isoform (PrPSc), we examined mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells for the expression and cellular distribution of heat shock proteins (Hsps), some of which function as molecular chaperones. In scrapie-infected N2a (ScN2a) cells, Hsp72 and Hsp28 were not induced by heat shock, sodium arsenite, or an amino acid analog, in contrast to uninfected control N2a cells, while other inducible Hsps were increased by these treatments. Following heat shock of the N2a cells, constitutively expressed Hsp73 was translocated from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and nucleolus. In contrast, the distribution of Hsp73 in ScN2a cells was not altered by heat shock; the discrete cytoplasmic structures containing Hsp73 were largely resistant to detergent extraction. These alterations in the expression and subcellular translocation of specific Hsps in ScN2a cells may reflect the cellular response to the accumulation of PrPSc. Whether any of these Hsps feature in the conversion of PrPC into PrPSc or the pathogenesis of prion diseases remains to be established.
In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Aminoadamantane and Aminoalkylcyclohexane Derivatives againstTrypanosoma brucei (2001)

We reported recently that the bloodstream form of the African trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei, is sensitive to the anti-influenza virus drug rimantadine. In the present report we describe the trypanocidal properties of a further 62 aminoadamantane and aminoalkylcyclohexane derivatives. Seventeen of the compounds were found to be more active than rimantadine, with four inhibiting growth in vitro of T. brucei by >90% at concentrations of 1 microM. The most active derivative (1-adamantyl-4-amino-cyclohexane) was about 20 to 25 times more effective than rimantadine. We observed a correlation between structural features of the derivatives and their trypanocidal properties; hydrophobic substitutions to the adamantane or cyclohexane rings generally enhanced activity. As with rimantadine, the activity in vitro varied with the pH. T. brucei was more sensitive in an alkaline environment (including a normal bloodstream pH of 7.4) and less sensitive under acidic conditions. Tests for activity in vivo were carried out with a mouse model of infection with a virulent strain of T. brucei. Although the parasitemia was not eliminated, it could be transiently suppressed by >98% with the most active compounds tested. These results suggest that aminoadamantane derivatives could have potential as a new class of trypanocidal agents.
One-Pot and One-Step Fabrication of Salt-Responsive Bilayer Hydrogels with 2D and 3D Shape Transformations (2019)

Bilayer hydrogels are one of the most promising materials for use as soft actuators, artificial muscles, and soft robotic elements. Therefore, the development of new and simple methods for the fabrication of such hydrogels is of particular importance for both academic research and industrial applications. Herein, a facile, one-pot, and one-step methodology was used to prepare bilayer hydrogels. Specifically, several common monomers, including <i>N</i>-isopropyl acrylamide, acrylamide, and <i>N</i>-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide, as well as two salt-responsive zwitterionic monomers, 3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1<i>H</i>-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate (VBIPS) and dimethyl-(4-vinylphenyl)ammonium propane sulfonate (DVBAPS), were chosen and employed with different combinations and ratios to understand the formation and structural tunability of the bilayer hydrogels. The results indicated that a salt-responsive zwitterionic-enriched copolymer, which could precipitate from water, plays a dominant role in the formation of the bilayer structure and that the ratio between the common monomer and the zwitterionic monomer had a significant effect on the structure. Due to the salt-responsive properties of polyVBIPS and polyDVBAPS, the resultant bilayer hydrogels exhibited excellent bidirectional bending properties in response to the salt solution. With the optimal monomer pair and ratio determined, the bend of the hydrogel could be reversed from ∼-360 to ∼266° in response to a switch between water and a 1.0 M NaCl solution. Additionally, this method was further used to fabricate small-scaled patterns with structural and compositional distinction in two-dimensional hydrogel sheets. These two-dimensional hydrogel sheets exhibited complex and reversible three-dimensional shape transformations due to the different bending behaviors of the patterned hydrogel stripes under the action of an external stimulus. This work provides greater insight into the mechanism of the one-step, one-pot method fabrication of bilayer hydrogels, demonstrates the ability of this method for the preparation of small-scale patterns in hydrogel sheets to endow the complex with a three-dimensional shape transformation capability, and hopefully opens up a new pathway for the design and fabrication of smart hydrogels.
Expression of fibroblast growth factors in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and regulation after peripheral nerve injury (2002)

Using cDNA array, we observed the expression of eight members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, FGF 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13 and 14, in rat lumbar 4 and 5 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Over a period of 28 days after sciatic nerve transection, the array signals for FGF 2 and 7 were significantly increased in the DRGs, while FGF 13 decreased. Using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we confirmed the axotomy-induced changes in the expression of FGF 7 and 13. hybridization showed that FGF 13 was expressed in 60% of DRG neurons under normal circumstance. Seven days after axotomy the number of FGF 13-positive neurons was decreased to 18%, but partially recovered to 40% after 28 days. FGF 13 immunoreactivity was also decreased. These data indicate that FGFs are important for DRG neurons under normal circumstance and after nerve injury.
Short-Term Prediction of Ridership on Public Transport with Smart Card Data (2015)

Public transport operators are collecting massive amounts of data from smart card systems. In the Netherlands, every passenger checks in and checks out; this system creates detailed records of demand patterns. In buses and trams, users check in and check out in the vehicle; this factor provides good information on route choice. Options for analyzing smart card data and performing what-if analyses with transport planning software were explored. On the basis of big data, this new generation of transport demand models added to the existing range of transport demand models and approaches. The goal was to provide public transport operators with a simple (easy-to-build) model to perform what-if analyses. The data were converted to passengers per line and an origin–destination matrix between stops. This matrix was assigned to the network to repro-duce the measured passenger flows, and then what-if analysis became possible. With fixed demand, line changes could be investigated. With the introduction of an elastic demand model, changes in the level of service realistically affected passenger numbers. This method was applied to a case study in The Hague, Netherlands. Smart card data were imported into a transport model and connected with the network. The tool proved to be valuable to operators, who gained insights into the effects of small changes.
Effect of Grinding with Hydroxypropyl Cellulose on the Dissolution and Particle Size of a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug. (1999)

A new benzofuroquinoline derivative, 3,9-bis(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyloxy)-5H-benzofuro[3,2-c]quinoli ne-6-one (KCA-098), shows poor oral absorption due to practical insolubility in water. In this study, a co-grinding technique employing a water-soluble polymer was used for improvement of the dissolution rate of KCA-098. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns and IR spectra of KCA-098 showed the conversion of the drug from a crystal state to an amorphous state by grinding with a polymer such as hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-SL) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30). The particle size of KCA-098 was remarkably reduced to a submicron size by grinding with HPC-SL. The co-ground mixture with HPC-SL showed a rapid dissolution rate and maintained supersaturation for more than 1 h. On the other hand, the co-ground mixture with PVP K30 showed rapid dissolution and supersaturation for a shorter period. These data suggest that the rapid dissolution rate was obtained by the conversion of the drug particles from a crystal to amorphous state by grinding with water-soluble polymers and that a reduction in particle size to the submicron level led to the maintenance of supersaturation due to good dispersion.
<title>Thermally induced magnetic switching in thin ferromagnetic annuli (Invited Paper)</title> (2005)

We consider magnetization reversal due to thermal fluctuations in thin, submicron-scale rings. These mesoscopic ferromagnetic particles are of particular interest as potential information storage components in magnetoelectronic devices, because their lack of sharp ends result in a magnetization density that is significantly more stable against reversal than in thin needles and other geometries. Their two-dimensional nature and rotational symmetry allow us to incorporate long-range magnetostatic forces in a fully analytic treatment, which is not possible in most geometries. We uncover a type of 'phase transition' between different activation regimes as magnetic field is varied at fixed ring size. Previous studies of such transitions in classical activation behavior have found that they occur as length is varied, which cannot be realized easily or continuously for most systems. However, the different activation regimes in a single mesoscopic ferromagnet should be experimentally observable by changing the externally applied magnetic field, and by tuning this field the transition region itself can be studied in detail.
Should We Employ Compensation Strategies for Parkinson Disease Gait Issues (2021)

Patients with gait impairment caused by Parkinson disease (PD) often use compensation strategies that they have either learned about or devise
Vibrational study of phosphate modes in GDP and GTP and their interaction with magnesium in aqueous solution (1998)

Raman and infrared spectra were examined for guanosine 5′-diphosphate (GDP) and guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP) in aqueous solution. The vibrational modes were assigned on the basis of isotopic frequency shifts and relative intensities in the Raman and infrared spectra. The observed frequency shifts on 18O isotope labeling made it possible to identify the bands from each phosphate group (α, β, γ). Frequency shifts were observed as Mg2+ complexes with GDP and GTP. The results suggested that Mg2+ binds to GDP in a bidentate manner to the α, β P · · O bonds and in a tridentate manner to the α, β and γ P · · O bonds of Mg·GTP. The results indicate that structure of Mg2+ coordinated to GTP in aqueous solution differs somewhat to that found for Mg·ATP. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 4: 219–227, 1998