gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral-dual spectral region imaging spectrometer (2004)

A temporally and spatially non-scanning imaging spectrometer covering two separate spectral bands in the visible region using computed tomographic imaging techniques is described. The computed tomographic techniques allows for the construction of a three dimensional hyperspectral data cube (x, y, &#955;) from the two dimensional input in a single frame time. A computer generated holographic dispersive grating is used to disperse the incoming light into several diffraction orders on a focal plane composed of interwoven pixels independently sensitive to the two bands of interest. Separating the input of the two pixel types gives co-registered output between the two bands and overcomes the limitation of overlapping orders. The proof of concept in the visible is presented using a commercially available camera and the extension to the infrared is proposed.
Comprehensive performance analysis of objective quality metrics for digital holography (2021)

Objective quality assessment of digital holograms has proven to be a challenging task. While prediction of perceptual quality of the recorded 3D content from the holographic wavefield is an open problem; perceptual quality assessment from content after rendering, requires a time-consuming rendering step and a multitude of possible viewports. In this research, we use 96 Fourier holograms of the recently released HoloDB database to evaluate the performance of well-known and state-of-the-art image quality metrics on digital holograms. We compare the reference holograms with their distorted versions: (i) before rendering on the real and imaginary parts of the quantized complex-wavefield, (ii) after converting Fourier to Fresnel holograms, (iii) after rendering, on the quantized amplitude of the reconstructed data, and (iv) after subsequently removing speckle noise using a Wiener filter. For every experimental track, the quality metric predictions are compared to the Mean Opinion Scores (MOS) gathered on a 2D screen, light field display and a holographic display. Additionally, a statistical analysis of the results and a discussion on the performance of the metrics are presented. The tests demonstrate that while for each test track a few quality metrics present a highly correlated performance compared to the multiple sets of available MOS, none of them demonstrates a consistently high-performance across all four test-tracks.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon Nanowires: A Review on Aspects of Their Growth and Their Electrical Properties (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On the maximum achievable rates in the decode-forward diamond channel (2011)

This paper studies the problem of two-hop transmission from a single-antenna source to a single-antenna destination via two single-antenna relays. The relays operate in a full-duplex mode and they are not capable of buffering data. The links from the source to the relays and from the relays to the destination are considered to be Rayleigh block fading and there is no direct link between the source and the destination. There is also no link between the relays. Consequently, the half-duplex mode is a direct result of the full-duplex mode with frequency or time division. All nodes are assumed to be oblivious to their forward-channel gains, however, they have perfect information about their backward-channel gains. We also assume a stringent decoding delay constraint of one fading block that makes the definition of ergodic (Shannon) capacity meaningless. Hence, we adopt the broadcast approach (multi-layer coding) to maximize the expected-rate received at the destination. For this purpose, the decode-forward (DF) relaying adopting the broadcast approach is proposed. The main feature of the proposed scheme is that the layers being decoded at both relays are added coherently at the destination although each relay has no information about the number of layers being successfully decoded by the other relay. It is proved that the optimum strategy maximizing the throughput and expected-rate is to send uncorrelated signals over the relays. The maximum throughput is analytically formulated. An achievable rate as well as upper-bounds are presented for the maximum expected-rate of the channel.
Maternal serum angiopoietin‐2 at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (2009)

In pregnancies that develop PE there is Doppler evidence of impaired placentation from the first trimester of pregnancy. However, the impaired placentation is not reflected in altered maternal serum levels of Ang-2.
Compositional dependence of bioactivity of glasses in the system Na2O-K2O-MgO-CaO-B2O3-P2O5-SiO2 (1997)

The bioactivity, i.e., bone-bonding ability, of 26 glasses in the system Na2O-K2O-MgO-CaO-B2O3-P2O5-SiO2 was studied in vivo. This investigation of bioactivity was performed to establish the compositional dependence of bioactivity, and enabled a model to be developed that describes the relation between reactions in vivo and glass composition. Reactions in vivo were investigated by inserting glass implants into rabbit tibia for 8 weeks. The glasses and the surrounding tissue were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). For most of the glasses containing < 59 mol % SiO2, SEM and EDXA showed two distinct layers at the glass surface after implantation, one silica-rich and another containing calcium phosphate. The build-up of these layers in vivo was taken as a sign of bioactivity. The in vivo experiments showed that glasses in the investigated system are bioactive when they contain 14-30 mol % alkali oxides, 14-30 mol % alkaline earth oxides, and < 59 mol % SiO2. Glasses containing potassium and magnesium bonded to bone in a similar way as bioactive glasses developed so far.
Calcified Coronary Artery Plaque Measurement with Cardiac CT in Population-based Studies: Standardized Protocol of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study (2005)

Calcified coronary artery plaque, measured at cardiac computed tomography (CT), is a predictor of cardiovascular disease and may play an increasing role in cardiovascular disease risk assessment. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute are population-based studies in which calcified coronary artery plaque was measured with electron-beam and multi-detector row CT and a standardized protocol in 6814 (MESA) and 3044 (CARDIA study) participants. The studies were approved by the appropriate institutional review board from the study site or agency, and written informed consent was obtained from each participant. Participation in the CT examination was high, image quality was good, and agreement for the presence of calcified plaque was high (kappa = 0.92, MESA; kappa = 0.77, CARDIA study). Extremely high agreement was observed between and within CT image analysts for the presence (kappa > 0.90, all) and amount (intraclass correlation coefficients, >0.99) of calcified plaque. Measurement of calcified coronary artery plaque with cardiac CT is well accepted by participants and can be implemented with consistently high-quality results with a standardized protocol and trained personnel. If predictive value of calcified coronary artery plaque for cardiovascular events proves sufficient to justify screening a segment of the population, then a standardized cardiac CT protocol is feasible and will provide reproducible results for health care providers and the public.
Perceptual Design of a Virtual Rigid Surface Contact. (1993)

Abstract : While the state of the art in visual and auditory information display for virtual environment systems has been advancing by leaps and bounds in recent years, the representation of virtual force information is still in its early infancy. Hindered by hardware limitations and safety considerations, most force reflection systems are unable to convincingly represent even the most basic of haptic precepts. What is probably the most frequently distorted sensory precept attempted by virtual force reflection systems is that of a rigid surface contact. Although most of the tactual interactions we encounter in our daily lives involve contact with rigid surfaces, most force reflecting systems are unable to realistically reproduce such a precept. Virtual rigid surface contacts are often described as mushy, sticky, or bouncy by even the most forgiving users. Jex (1991), in reporting on informal rules of thumb derived from experience with high-performance force reflecting aircraft simulators, suggested that the ability to produce a convincing rigid wall is a primary requirement of any general purpose haptic interface. Because of the basic importance of the realistic display of haptic rigid walls for even the most primitive force reflecting virtual environments, this study critically examines the rigid-surface-contact percept and attempts to develop guidelines for the convincing generation of such haptic sensations.
Extending and Tuning the Travel Range of Microelectromechanical Actuators Using Electrically Reconfigurable Nano-Structured Electrodes (2013)

The travel range of a microelectromechanical actuator is defined as the maximum distance traveled by the movable electrode before it is pulled-in. In this letter, we ask 1) whether the travel range of voltage controlled microactuators be extended beyond the limit of one-third of the initial air-gap for parallel-plate actuators and 2) if the travel range be tuned once the structure is fabricated, both without using any external feedback circuit, series capacitor, and/or modifying the actuation mechanism. Our results show that microactuators with nano-structured electrodes and non-linear spring can achieve a travel range of [p/(n+p)] of the initial air-gap, where n (=2 for parallel-plate actuators) is a constant that depends on the electrode geometry and p (=1 for linear spring) is the order of nonlinearity of the spring. Therefore, an electrical tuning of the geometry parameter n using reconfigurable nano-structured electrodes enable versatile, on-demand, post-fabrication control of the travel range.
Reinforcement of Posts on Embankment and Development of a SB3-B Flexible Barrier (2014)

2012년 11월에 개정된 "도로안전시설 설치 및 관리 지침"은 노측용 종방향 배리어에 대한 표준 성능시험을 평지부 대신에 성토부에서 시행하도록 규정하고 있다. 또한 성토부에 설치되는 지주의 현장지지력이 시험장지지력의 90% 이상이 되도록 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 성토부에 설치되는 지주의 횡방향 지지력을 보강할 수 있는 다양한 지주 보강방안이 조사되었다. 보강되지 않은 일반지주(매입깊이 1.4 m)에 비하여 지주 매입깊이를 1.7 m로 증가시키는 경우에 33%의 지지력 증가가 나타났다. 다양한 형태의 보강판중에서 단면적과 지주를 감싸는 보강판의 절곡길이가 작은 경우에 시공성이 우수하였고 약 70%의 지지력 증가가 발생하였다. 그리고 Bracing을 사용하는 방안은 약 78%의 지지력 증가를 낳았다. 평지부 시험을 통과한 SB5-B등급 연성배리어의 구성요소와 동일한 구성요소를 적용하는 SB3-B등급 연성배리어가 개발되었다. SB3-B등급 충돌조건에 적절한 지주간격과 성토부 지주의 보강방안이 다양한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 결정되었고 실물충돌시험을 통하여 최종성능이 검증되었다. The guidelines for the installation and management of roadway safety features, revised in November 2012, is regulating the standard performance test for roadside longitudinal barriers to be implemented on an embankment instead of a flatland. Furthermore, the post installed on an embankment should have the resisting force of a construction site higher than 90% of that of a test site. In this study, a variety of post reinforcement methods were investigated in order to strengthen the lateral resisting force of the post installed on an embankment. When increasing the post embedded depth to 1.7 m from a non-reinforced post with an embedded depth of 1.4 m, an increase of 33% in resisting force occurred. For the case of having a small cross section and a small flexure length of the reinforcing plate wrapping a post, out of various forms of reinforcing plates, the constructability was excellent and the resisting force increased by 70% approximately. For the reinforcement method using a bracing member, the increase of approximate 78% occurred in resisting force. A SB3-B flexible barrier that uses the same as the components of the SB5-B flexible barrier which passed the flatland performance test was developed. Post spacing and post reinforcement methods appropriate for SB3-B impact conditions were determined by various computer simulations, and the final performance was verified through full-scale vehicle crash tests.
Template-Based Porous Hydrogel Microparticles as Carriers for Therapeutic Proteins (2023)

Hydrogels have been extensively researched for over 60 years for their limitless applications in biomedical research. In this study, porous hydrogel microparticles (PHMPs) made of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylamide were investigated for their potential as a delivery platform for therapeutic proteins. These particles are made using hard calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) templates, which can easily be dissolved under acidic conditions. After optimization of the synthesis processes, both CaCO<sub>3</sub> templates and PHMPs were characterized using a wide range of techniques. Then, using an array of proteins with different physicochemical properties, the encapsulation efficiency of proteins in PHMPs was evaluated under different conditions. Strategies to enhance protein encapsulation via modulation of particle surface charge to increase electrostatic interactions and conjugation using EDC/NHS chemistry were also investigated. Conjugation of bovine serum albumin to PHMPs showed increased encapsulation and diminished release over time, highlighting the potential of PHMPs as a versatile delivery platform for therapeutic proteins such as enzymes or antibodies.
In Vitro and in Vivo Selection of Potentially Probiotic Lactobacilli From Nocellara del Belice Table Olives (2018)

Table olives are increasingly recognized as a vehicle as well as a source of probiotic bacteria, especially those fermented with traditional procedures based on the activity of indigenous microbial consortia, originating from local environments. In the present study, we report characterization at the species level of 49 Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains deriving from Nocellara del Belice table olives fermented with the Spanish or Castelvetrano methods, recently isolated in our previous work. Ribosomal 16S DNA analysis allowed identification of 4 <i>Enterococcus gallinarum</i>, 3 <i>E. casseliflavus</i>, 14 <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i>, 19 <i>Lactobacillus pentosus</i>, 7 <i>L. coryniformis</i>, and 2 <i>L. oligofermentans</i>. The <i>L. pentosus</i> and <i>L. coryniformis</i> strains were subjected to further screening to evaluate their probiotic potential, using a combination of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> approaches. The majority of them showed high survival rates under <i>in vitro</i> simulated gastro-intestinal conditions, and positive antimicrobial activity against <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium, <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ETEC) pathogens. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, or erythromycin was also performed for all selected strains. Three <i>L. coryniformis</i> strains were selected as very good performers in the initial <i>in vitro</i> testing screens, they were antibiotic susceptible, as well as capable of inhibiting pathogen growth <i>in vitro</i>. Parallel screening employing the simplified model organism <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, fed the <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains as a food source, revealed that one <i>L. pentosus</i> and one <i>L. coryniformis</i> strains significantly induced prolongevity effects and protection from pathogen-mediated infection. Moreover, both strains displayed adhesion to human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and were able to outcompete foodborne pathogens for cell adhesion. Overall, these results are suggestive of beneficial features for novel LAB strains, which renders them promising candidates as starters for the manufacturing of fermented table olives with probiotic added value.
Rapid Electrodeposition of Ti on a Liquid Zn Cathode from a Consumable Casting TiC 0.5 O 0.5 Anode (2020)

The USTB process with a consumable TiC x O y anode is considered as a low-cost and eco-friendly method for Ti production. However, the dendritic Ti products have disadvantages of high oxygen and salt contents. Here, a liquid Zn cathode was proposed to prepare Ti–Zn alloys from a casting TiC 0.5 O 0.5 anode via a one-step electrolysis process in a NaCl–KCl molten salt. Cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry were used to investigate the electrochemical dissolution of Ti ions from a consumable TiC 0.5 O 0.5 anode and subsequent reduction behavior on cathode. The results indicate that the reduction potential of Ti on a liquid Zn cathode is more positive than that on a solid W cathode. Ti 2+ from the casting TiC 0.5 O 0.5 anode was one-step reduced to Ti on the liquid Zn cathode. A quasi-reversible process was confirmed via diffusion-controlled mass transfer, and the diffusion coefficient of Ti 2+ toward the liquid Zn electrode was 4.35 × 10 −5 cm −2 s −1 . The concentration of Ti 2+ in molten salt is more stable during electrolysis with a liquid Zn cathode. Ti–Zn alloys were successfully prepared at a current density of 0.3 A cm −2 using a casting TiC 0.5 O 0.5 anode and a liquid Zn cathode. Metallic Zn was confirmed to be a promising liquid cathode to prepare Ti–Zn alloys via the USTB process.
Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses (2008)

The purpose of this book is to provide nurses with the best available research, thereby enabling better decisions that result in improved health care and safety practices and lead to better outcomes. Nurses often are the ones who find errors and prevent pa tient harm. In their focus on patient safety, nurses identify critical issues and research for evidence-based practice. This book is a great resource for practicing nurses, nurse educators, re searchers, leaders, and students. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality strongly promotes that safety and quality of health care is dependent on the availability of the best research possible and the ability to deliver results of research into the hands of practitioners, policy makers, and consumers. This text is a culmination of subject expert knowledge, practice, and research from 89 contributors who represent a broad range of nurses and senior researchers across the nation. The topics covered in this text provide excellent background for any clinician, nurse educator, or nurse leader. The topics include • evidence-based practice, • patient-centered care, • working environment for nurses, • care models, and • patient acuity. The chapters provide an easy-tounderstand guide and include a background section and analysis of the literature based on the topic presented. Practice implications are identified at the end of each chapter and guide efforts for improving quality and patient care. Research implications for each topic outline target areas for improvement and can be used by clinicians to inform and guide practice. There are also questions and issues to develop or expand thesis topics and research papers, which faculty members may find useful. A section on critical opportunities contains current topics, including wrong site surgery, communication hand offs by nurses, medication administration safety, medication reconciliation, and personal safety for nurses. These topics are very well presented with numerous research citations and examples from all areas of nursing— from patient entry to the facility to discharge and home care. The authors use exhibits, tables, guides, templates, models, and representations within each chapter and conclude with a list of references including web sites for further independent review and citation. The volumes are written in a manner that allows for quick access, and they are
RADI-17. EVALUATION OF A NOVEL 18F-LABELED TRYPTOPHAN TRACER FOR PET IMAGING OF BRAIN TUMORS IN A MEDULLOBLASTOMA MOUSE MODEL (2018)

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. Despite major advances, long-term survival is hindered by relapse and leptomeningeal spread, necessitating the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Abnormal tryptophan metabolism, via the immunomodulatory indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)/ tryptophan-2,3 dioxygenase (TDO)-mediated kynurenine pathway (KP), has been demonstrated in tumors, and is emerging as a valid target for immunotherapy as well as non-invasive tumor imaging. Previously, a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, α-[11C] methyl-L-tryptophan ([11C] AMT), has been successfully used to evaluate the increased tryptophan metabolism and uptake through KP in patients with glioma. Nevertheless, the short half-life of the carbon-11 isotope has limited the broad applications of [11C] AMT in clinical research and diagnostics. In this study, using a novel PET tracer, 1-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tryptophan (L-1-[18F]FETrp) with similar pathophysiological and metabolic properties as [11C] AMT, we assessed the tryptophan metabolism in a transgenic mouse model of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) subgroup of medulloblastoma. In Smo-Smo mice, preliminary PET imaging data showed increased accumulation of L-1-[18F]FETrp in tumors as compared to normal brain tissue. Immunofluorescence and molecular analysis of tumor tissues obtained from Smo-Smo mice indicated increased expression of TDO2, but not IDO1. Both TDO2 and IDO1 are tissue-specific first step and rate-limiting enzymes of the KP of tryptophan metabolism. Thus, our preclinical studies in Smo-Smo mice indicate that L-1-[18F]FETrp may be a suitable tracer for PET imaging of medulloblastoma tumors and could provide valuable information for noninvasive assessment of immunotherapy response and move towards targeted therapy for medulloblastoma in the future.
Evaluation of the electrostatic osmotic pressure in an infinite system of hexagonally oriented DNA molecules (1991)

Abstract The electrostatic osmotic pressure in an assembly of hexagonally oriented DNA molecules is calculated using canonical Monte Carlo simulations. The calculations are performed within a continuum model for a system of seven uniformly charged DNA cylinders and balancing mono- or divalent counterions. We have relaxed the requirement of electroneutrality of the seven interacting one-DNA cells in our previous 'interacting cell model'. The minimum image procedure, in conjuction with periodic boundary conditions, was used in all directions, and, by applying the virial equation, the pressure was evaluated for truly infinite systems. As found in the previous work, ion correlation effects are very important for systems with divalent counterions at short DNA separations. We find a force minimum and a net attraction at short separations. In addition, in systems with monovalent counterions at low dielectric permittivity there is a force minimum, also attractive in this case, but much broader and at rather large DNA separation.