gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential levels of tissue hypoxia in the developing chicken heart (2005)

Abstract Tissue hypoxia plays a critical role in normal development, including cardiogenesis. Previously, we showed that oxygen concentration, as assessed by the hypoxia indicator EF5, is lowest in the outflow tract (OFT) myocardium of the developing chicken heart and may be regulating events in OFT morphogenesis. In this study, we identified additional areas of the embryonic chicken heart that were intensely positive for EF5 within the myocardium in discrete regions of the atrial wall and the interventricular septum (IVS). The region of the IVS that is EF5‐positive includes a portion of the developing central conduction system identified by HNK‐1 co‐immunostaining. The EF5 positive tissues were also specifically positive for nuclear‐localized hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α), the oxygen‐sensitive component of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) heterodimer. The pattern of the most intensely EF5‐stained myocardial regions of the atria and IVS resemble the pattern of the major coronary vessels that form in later stages within or immediately adjacent to these particular regions. These vessels include the sinoatrial nodal artery that is a branch of the right coronary artery within the atrial wall and the anterior/posterior interventricular vessels of the IVS. These findings indicate that a portion of the developing central conduction system and the patterning of coronary vessels may be subject to a level of regulation that is dependent on differential oxygen concentration within cardiac tissues and subsequent HIF‐1 regulation of gene expression. Developmental Dynamics 235:115–123, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis and Direct Automated Sequencing of HIV-1 From Dried Blood Spots (DBS) Collected on Filter Paper (2003)

Since its discovery in 1981, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has rapidly emerged as one of the most devastating infectious pathogens of this century (, , ). The World Health Organization estimates that, as of 1995, there were at least 15 million HIV-1-infected men, women, and children worldwide, with the vast majority of infections occurring in developing countries and isolated rural regions where specimen collection, preparation, and shipment are difficult (). Simple and improved sampling methods that can be widely applied under difficult field conditions are needed to effectively monitor the changing dynamics of the HIV-1 /AIDS pandemic, track the spread of HIV-1 variants among different population groups and ensure that research and interventive activities are directed against biologically important variants of the virus. To date, at least eight major HIV-1 subtypes, designated A through H, have been identified (,). More recently, a ninth subtype, I, has been detected (), as well as several highly divergent, or “outlying” variants of HIV-1 that have been tentatively classified as group O (,). This sub-typing is based on a relatively small number of specimens collected from a few geographic areas and the full range and distribution of HIV-1 variants remains to be established.
Virtual boutique-try clothes on-line (2002)

Fashion industry is one of the most profitable and attractive since it satisfies one of basic human needs, to attract other people. To keep the pace with new technologies most famous designers are advertising and selling their products online. The thing missing is trying clothes before buying them. Our solution is a fully integrated e-commerce system.
Spring diet of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in a moose (Alces alces) – woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) system in northern Ontario, Canada (2021)

American black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) are opportunistic foragers, and across most of their range in North America, their diet is predominantly vegetation with limited consumption of vertebrates and invertebrates. However, they are also predators of ungulates, especially neonates, with regional variation in the amount of predation pressure they exert. We used scat analysis to examine the diet of black bears during the calving season in a moose (Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)) – woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) system in the Boreal forest of northern Ontario, Canada. Bears consumed herbaceous plants (46.5%), fruits and (or) seeds (20.0%), moose (3.3% adults; 4.3% calves), American beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820; 8.5%), and insects (mostly ants; 4.2%). Bears had the highest consumption of moose and beaver in early spring, before switching to a more vegetation-dominated diet. We did not detect evidence of caribou consumption. Based on our results, black bear consumption of moose, particularly neonates, may warrant further investigation.
LED backlight driving circuits and dimming method (2010)

Abstract In this paper, light‐emitting‐diode (LED) backlight driving circuits and dimming method for medium‐sized and large liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are proposed. The double loop control method, the intelligent‐phase‐shifted PWM dimming method, the fast‐switching current regulator, and the current matching techniques are proposed to improve not only the current regulation characteristics and the power efficiency but also the current matching characteristics and the transient response of the LED current. The brightness of the backlight using the proposed local dimming method was determined from the histogram of the local block to reduce the power consumption of the backlight without image distortion. The measured maximum power efficiency of the LED backlight driving circuit for medium‐sized LCDs was 90%, and the simulation results showed an 88% maximum power efficiency of the LED backlight driving circuit for large LCDs. The maximum backlight power‐saving ratio of the proposed dimming method was 41.7% in the simulation with a high‐contrast image. The experiment and simulation results showed that the performance of LEDs as LCD backlight units (BLUs) improved with the proposed circuits and method.
Acne vulgaris, probiotics and the gut-brain-skin axis - back to the future? (2011)

Over 70 years have passed since dermatologists John H. Stokes and Donald M. Pillsbury first proposed a gastrointestinal mechanism for the overlap between depression, anxiety and skin conditions such as acne. Stokes and Pillsbury hypothesized that emotional states might alter the normal intestinal microflora, increase intestinal permeability and contribute to systemic inflammation. Among the remedies advocated by Stokes and Pillsbury were Lactobacillus acidophilus cultures. Many aspects of this gut-brain-skin unifying theory have recently been validated. The ability of the gut microbiota and oral probiotics to influence systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, glycemic control, tissue lipid content and even mood itself, may have important implications in acne. The intestinal microflora may also provide a twist to the developing diet and acne research. Here we provide a historical perspective to the contemporary investigations and clinical implications of the gut-brain-skin connection in acne.
One decade of biomedical problems using ICA: a full comparative study, in (2015)

Abstract — This communication aims at giving some insights into the use of Independent Component Anal-ysis (ICA) for solving biomedical problems. First the concept of ICA is reviewed and different classes of ICA methods are described. Next a survey on most encountered biomedical problems solved using ICA is detailed. Finally a comparative performance study of thirteen ICA algorithms is performed on biomedical signals.
Métodos para la actualización de los factores de Q y R de una matriz (1984)

In recent years several algorithms have appeared in the literature for modifying the factors of a matrix following a rank-1 change. These methods have always been given in a context of specific applications and this has probably inhibited their use over a wider field. In this report a method is given for obtaining the QR factors of a matrix and its updatings after a row or a column has been deleted
Large spin anomalous Hall effect in L10−FePt: Symmetry and magnetization switching (2019)

The spin anomalous Hall effect (SAHE), generating spin angular momentum flow (spin current, ${\mathbf{J}}_{\mathrm{s}})$, in an $L{1}_{0}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{FePt}$ ferromagnet was quantitatively evaluated by exploiting giant magnetoresistance devices composed of $L{1}_{0}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{FePt}|\mathrm{Cu}|\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{i}}_{81}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{19}$. From the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth modulated by the charge current $({\mathbf{J}}_{\mathrm{c}})$ injection, the spin anomalous Hall angle $({\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{SAHE}})$ was obtained to be 0.25 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.03. The evaluation of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{SAHE}}$ at different configurations of ${\mathbf{J}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ and magnetization made it possible to discuss the symmetry of SAHE, giving the unambiguous evidence that SAHE is the source of ${\mathbf{J}}_{\mathrm{s}}$. Thanks to the large ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{SAHE}}$, the SAHE-induced magnetization switching was achieved.
Identifying clinical/translational research cohorts: ascertainment via querying an integrated multi-source database (2012)

This query tool was designed to provide results as pre-research so that institutional review board approval would not be required. This architecture uses well-described technologies that should be within the reach of most institutions.
Network Society (2017)

Abstract The concept of network society, as developed by Manuel Castells, is utilized in sociological research to investigate the global forces transforming collective action and institutions. In contrast with the notion of the “information society,” the network society is theorized as the social structure of the information age, being organized around relationships of production/consumption, power, and experience. Its prevailing logic, while constantly challenged by conflicts, gives shape to the pervasive infrastructure of cultural life in most societies – albeit with unpredictable outcomes. Castells's network‐centered approach has helped to secure fresh perspectives on the Arab uprisings of recent years, as well as interventions in the west, such as Occupy Wall Street.
Effective protection of mice against Shigella flexneri with a new self-adjuvant multicomponent vaccine (2017)

The convenient and safe manufacturing process, and the preliminary biological evaluation, support the use of the self-adjuvanted HT complex as a new vaccine candidate to face shigellosis. Further development is required, such as additional immune analyses, to evaluate whether this new subunit vaccine can be useful in achieving full protection against Shigella.
The Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Stagonolide B (2010)

The stereoselective total synthesis of the nonenolide, (+)-stagonolide B is described. The key steps involve epoxide homologation, hydrolytic kinetic resolution and ring-closing metathesis.
Assessing the Activating Effect of the (η5-C5Me5)Ru+ Group:  A Kinetic and NMR Study of the Ionization of the (η6-Phenylnitromethane)- (η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium Cation in H2O−Me2SO Mixtures (1998)

Rates of proton abstraction from the (η6-phenylnitromethane)(η5-pentamethylcylopentadienyl)ruthenium cation (6) by a variety of bases B (OH-, carboxylate ions, primary and secondary amines) and of reprotonation of the resulting carbon base C-6 by the conjugate acids BH have been measured in a 50:50 (v/v) H2O−Me2SO mixture at 25 °C. The intrinsic reactivity of 6, as determined from the Brönsted plots for carboxylate ion or primary amine reactions is rather low: log = 0.6; log = 0.1. These values together with the pKa value for the ionization of 6 (pKa = 5.90) are typical for the formation of a nitronate-type carbon base, indicating that the RuCp*+-complexed phenyl ring is not capable of competing with the exocyclic nitro group in absorbing the negative charge generated by the ionization of 6. Additional evidence that the cation 6 ionizes to give a zwitterionic carbon base with an exocyclic nitronate functionality comes from the observation that C-6 undergoes instantaneous protonation at low pH (pH < 3) to give a nitronic acid. 1H and 13C NMR data collected for the ionization of 6 in 50:50 (v/v) H2O−Me2SO and pure Me2SO agree with the above conclusions. From a comparison of the behavior of 6 with that of (4-nitrophenyl)nitromethane, the inductive effect of a RuCp*+-coordinated phenyl ring is shown to be identical to that of a 4-nitrophenyl ring.
Microcalorimeter energy‐dispersive spectrometry using a low voltage scanning electron microscope (2000)

We describe the current performance of the prototype microcalorimeter energy-dispersive spectrometer (&mgr;cal EDS) developed at NIST for X-ray microanalysis. We show that the low-energy &mgr;cal EDS, designed for operation in the energy range 0.2-2 keV, offers significant advantages for low-beam-energy microanalysis. We present several examples in which the prototype &mgr;cal EDS has been used to solve problems in low-voltage microanalysis, including the analysis of tungsten silicide (WSi2), titanium nitride (TiN) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) and the measurement of chemical shifts in Fe and C compounds.
Reduced Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria in pyruvate dehydrogenase-deficient human diploid fibroblasts (1998)

Physiological and pathological Ca2+ loads are thought to be taken up by mitochondria via a process dependent on aerobic metabolism. We sought to determine whether human diploid fibroblasts from a patient with an inherited defect in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) exhibit a decreased ability to sequester cytosolic Ca2+ into mitochondria. Mobilization of Ca2+ stores with bradykinin (BK) increased the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) to comparable levels in control and PDH-deficient fibroblasts. In normal fibroblasts transfected with plasmid DNA encoding mitochondrion-targeted apoaequorin, BK elicited an increase in Ca2(+)-dependent aequorin luminescence corresponding to an increase in the mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]mt) of 2.0 +/- 0.2 microM. The mitochondrial uncoupling agent carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone blocked the BK-induced [Ca2+]mt increase, although it did not affect the [Ca2+]c transient. Basal [Ca2+]c and [Ca2+]mt in control and PDH-deficient cells were similar. However, confocal imaging of the potential-sensitive dye JC-1 indicated that the percentage of highly polarized mitochondria was reduced from 30 +/- 1% in normal cells to 19 +/- 2% in the PDH-deficient fibroblasts. BK-elicited [Ca2+]mt transients in PDH-deficient cells were reduced to 4% of control, indicating that PDH-deficient mitochondria have a decreased ability to take up cytosolic Ca2+. Thus cells with compromised aerobic metabolism have a reduced capacity to sequester Ca2+.
Ionic liquid mediated synthesis of AgBr–Ag3PO4 nanostructures as highly efficient visible-light photocatalysts (2016)

AgBr–Ag3PO4 nanostructures, prepared by an ionic liquid-assisted precipitation method, were used as the effective visible-light driven photocatalytic system for the treatment of wastewaters. The prepared samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction powder (XRD), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET) methods. The photoactivity of the products was studied by degradation of rhodamine B dye and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Gram-positive bacteria. The photoreaction kinetics and mechanism over the nanostructures was investigated and according to the results, the kinetic of dye degradation was realised to be pseudo-first order. Moreover, we observed that the bacterial regrowth was at the lowest level after the photocatalytic treatment. The photogenerated electron–holes reacted with the species in the solution and produced the reactive radicals such as OH•, HO2• and O2•‾ which can attack the organic pollutants and pathogenic micro-organisms. The reuse ability tests indicated that the prepared nanostructures had considerable capacity for the photodegradation of the dye after five times of repeated using.
A study on the recognition of the Korean monothongs using artificial neural net models (2002)

The implementation and comparison of various artificial neural network models for recognition of Korean monothongs are reported. The goal is to develop an intelligent speech-based man-machine computer interface. The neural networks used were the multilayer perceptron, the time-delay neural net, the self-organizing feature map, and the interactive and competitive model. These four models were compared with respect to recognition rate and learning speed under various conditions. Experiments taking context effects, the most important problem in recognizing phonemes from continuous speech, into consideration were also performed. The models showed 90%-96% recognition rate for a male speaker. A strategy for Korean speech recognition using artificial neural networks has been developed on the basis of these results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Therapeutic genome editing with engineered nucleases (2017)

Targeted genome editing with designer nucleases, such as zinc finger nucleases, TALE nucleases, and CRISPR-Cas nucleases, has heralded a new era in gene therapy. Genetic disorders, which have not been amenable to conventional gene-addition-type gene therapy approaches, such as disorders with dominant inheritance or diseases caused by mutations in tightly regulated genes, can now be treated by precise genome surgery. Moreover, engineered nucleases enable novel genetic interventions to fight infectious diseases or to improve cancer immunotherapies. Here, we review the development of the different classes of programmable nucleases, discuss the challenges and improvements in translating gene editing into clinical use, and give an outlook on what applications can expect to enter the clinic in the near future.
Field dependence of thermally stimulated currents in Alq3 (2001)

The trap properties of the commonly used organic light-emitting diode emitter material tris-8-(hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) have been investigated using thermally stimulated currents. Based on a model of the field dependence of the thermally stimulated currents, a trap density of 1.3×1017 cm−3 for depths ranging from 0.05 to 0.7 eV is obtained, indicating considerable influence on charge carrier statistics. A field-induced lowering of trap depth was observed and explained in the framework of the Poole–Frenkel effect.
ML Symbol Synchronization For Multichannel Modulation: Analysis and Implementation (1999)

In this paper, we analyze the jitter performance of an approximate Decision Directed (DD) Maximum Likelihood (ML) symbol synchronizer for multichannel modulation schemes employing shift orthogonal shaping pulses with overlapping spectra [7]. The ML timing estimator uses the timing information available from all the orthogonal subchannels. We derive expressions for the jitter variance of the approximate DD ML symbol synchronizer for multichannel modulation over a baseband channel with arbitrary energy distribution in each subchannel, and for an arbitrary channel transfer function. We analytically study the eect of the splitting sequences used to generate the dierent channels, on the timing jitter variance, and provide criteria for the selection of suitable splitting sequences. We address the implementation issues of the approximate DD ML symbol synchronizer and propose a structure that can be used to combine the timing information from dierent subchannels. In eect, the timing inform...
Metabolic rate and breathing during sleep (1985)

Recent investigation suggests that both ventilation (VE) and the chemical sensitivity of the respiratory control system correlate closely with measures of metabolic rate [O2 consumption (VO2) and CO2 production (VCO2)]. However, these associations have not been carefully investigated during sleep, and what little information is available suggests a deterioration of the relationships. As a result we measured VE, ventilatory pattern, VO2, and VCO2 during sleep in 21 normal subjects (11 males and 10 females) between the ages of 21 and 77 yr. When compared with values for awake subjects, expired ventilation decreased 8.2 +/- 2.3% (SE) during sleep and was associated with a 8.5 +/- 1.6% decrement in VO2 and a 12.3 +/- 1.7% reduction in VCO2, all P less than 0.01. The decrease in ventilation was a product primarily of a significant decrease in tidal volume with little change in frequency. None of these findings were dependent on sleep stage with results in rapid-eye-movement (REM) and non-rapid-eye-movement sleep being similar. Through all sleep stages ventilation remained tightly correlated with VO2 and VCO2 both within a given individual and between subjects. Although respiratory rhythmicity was somewhat variable during REM sleep, minute ventilation continued to correlate with VO2 and VCO2. None of the parameters described above were influenced by age or gender, with male and female subjects demonstrating similar findings. Ten of the subjects demonstrated at least occasional apneas. These individuals, however, were not found to differ from those without apnea in any other measure of ventilation or metabolic rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Utilization of Leather Waste Fibers in Polymer Matrix Composites Based on Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber (2020)

In this study, we present the fabrication of nitrile butadiene rubber/waste leather fiber (NBR/WLF) composites with different weight percentages of WLF and NBR (0/100, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40 wt/wt). WLF was prepared by cutting the scrap leathers from the waste product of the Vietnamese leather industry. Subsequently, in order to make the short fibers, it was mixed by a hammer mill. The characteristics of WLF/NBR composites such as mechanical properties (tensile strength, tear strength, hardness), dynamic mechanical properties, toluene absorption, and morphology were carefully evaluated. As a result, the tensile strength and tear strength become larger with increasing WLF content from 0 to 50 wt% and they decrease when further increasing WLF content. The highest tensile strength of 12.5 MPa and tear strength of 72.47 N/mm were achieved with the WLF/NBR ratio of 50/50 wt%. Both hardness and resistance of the developed materials with toluene increased with increasing WLF content. The SEM results showed a good adhesion of NBR matrix and the WLF. The increasing of storage modulus (E’) in comparison with raw NBR showed good compatibility between WLF and NBR matrix. This research showed that the recycled material from waste leather and NBR was successfully prepared and has great potential for manufacturing products such as floor covering courts and playgrounds, etc.
Characterization of the high temperature oxidation of TBC-coated oxide-dispersed β-NiAl substrates (1997)

A Y2O3−stabilized ZrO2 coating on three different oxide-dispersed (Y2O3, ZrO2 and Al2O3) β-NiAl substrates was studied to evaluate the spallation behaviour of the coating and its effect on the oxidation behavior of these alloy substrates. Spallation of the coating during cyclic testing at 1200°C primarily occurred at the Al2O3 scale-substrate interface and was dependent on the adhesion of the scale to the substrate. Uncoated, Y2O3−dispersed β-NiAl had the best Al2O3 scale adhesion and the coated β-NiAl substrate had the longest coating lifetime. Al2O3−dispersed β-NiAl exhibited the poorest scale adhesion and the coating completely spalled after two 2-hour cycles. For this model-type system, the growth of voids at the metal-scale interface appears to be critical in determining scale adhesion and thus coating lifetime.