gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective initiation of nonconjugated dienes containing electron donor–electron aceptor systems. I. Synthesis of vinyl ether–β‐nitrostyrene monomers (1978)

Abstract The objectives of this work were to synthesize, characterize, and conduct a polymerization study on a set of ideal crosslinking monomers. The monomers studied are the three isomers of (2‐vinyl‐oxyethoxy)‐β‐nitrostyrene. Such monomers contain both the electron‐donating vinyl ether moiety and the electron‐accepting β‐nitrostyrene moiety. A study of the spectral properties of these monomers was carried out in an effort to determine whether there was a contribution to the structure through an intramolecular interaction of the nature of a charge‐transfer complex. Such studies have led to little or no support for such an interaction. As model compounds for comparison of spectral properties, the monomer series, o‐, m‐ , and p ‐(2‐ethoxyethoxy)‐β‐nitrostyrenes were synthesized and characterized as above. A comparison of the spectral and physical properties of these two series of compounds show that there are significant differences suggestive of the interactions proposed. However, since these discrepancies are small in most cases, it is not possible at present to correlate them specifically with the postulated intramolecular interactions.
[Ictal semiology in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy: value in lateralizing the seizure focus]. (2001)

We have evaluated useful lateralizing signs in 28 patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy who were seizure-free after anterior temporal lobectomy by reviewing videotapes during video-EEG monitoring. The most frequent types of aura were epigastric sensation and psychic symptom in 8, respectively, both of which did not predict lateralization of the focus. Of the motor signs, early head deviation and unilateral upper extremity automatism predicted an ipsilateral focus in 72 and 80%, respectively. On the other hand, late head deviation(< 15 seconds before secondarily generalized seizure) and unilateral upper extremity dystonic posturing predicted a contralateral focus in 80 and 100%, respectively. Twelve of the patients displayed oroalimentary automatism which did not predict focus lateralization. Three patients with ictal speech demonstrated a seizure focus contralateral to their language-dominant hemisphere. In medial temporal lobe epilepsy, several clinical seizure manifestations such as: early and late head deviation, unilateral upper extremity automatism and dystonic posturing were not a little noted and provided additional information as to the side of seizure origin.
Constructing Confidence Regions of Optimal Expected Size (2009)

This article presents a Monte Carlo method for approximating the minimax expected size (MES) confidence set for a parameter known to lie in a compact set. The algorithm is motivated by problems in the physical sciences in which parameters are unknown physical constants related to the distribution of observable phenomena through complex numerical models. The method repeatedly draws parameters at random from the parameter space and simulates data as if each of those values were the true value of the parameter. Each set of simulated data is compared to the observed data using a likelihood ratio test. Inverting the likelihood ratio test minimizes the probability of including false values in the confidence region, which in turn minimizes the expected size of the confidence region. We prove that as the size of the simulations grows, this Monte Carlo confidence set estimator converges to the Γ-minimax procedure, where Γ is a polytope of priors. Fortran-90 implementations of the algorithm for both serial and parallel computers are available. We apply the method to an inference problem in cosmology.
Smart Energy Management and Conversion (2014)

This chapter introduced power management circuits and energy storage unit designs for sub-1 mW low power energy harvesting technologies, including indoor light energy harvesting, thermoelectric energy harvesting and vibration energy harvesting. The solutions address several of the problems associated with energy harvesting, power management and storage issues including low voltage operation, self-start, efficiency (conversion efficiency as well as impact of power consumption of the power management circuit itself), energy density and leakage current levels. Additionally, efforts to miniaturize and integrate magnetic parts as well as integrate discrete circuits onto silicon are outlined to offer improvements in cost, size and efficiency. Finally initial results from efforts to improve energy density of storage devices using nanomaterials are introduced.
Stroboscopic supercontinuum white-light interferometer for MEMS characterization (2012)

We used a supercontinuum-based scanning white-light interferometer to characterize the oscillation of a MEMS device. The output of a commercially available supercontinuum light source (FiberWare Ilum II USB) was modulated to achieve stroboscopic operation. By synchronizing the modulation frequency of the source to the sample oscillation, dynamic 3-D profile measurements were recorded. These results were validated against those obtained with a white light LED setup. The measured maximum deflection of a 400×25×4 μm(3) microbridge driven with 0-6.8 V sinusoidal voltage at 10 Hz was 1.42±0.03 μm (supercontinuum), which agreed with the LED measurement. The method shows promise for characterization of high-frequency MEMS devices.
Short Notices (1966)

Short Notices Get access P. H. RAMSEY P. H. RAMSEY University of Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXXI, Issue CCCXVIII, January 1966, Pages 151–152, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXXI.CCCXVIII.151 Published: 01 January 1966
Polycondensation behavior of methyltrimethoxysilane studied by NMR spectroscopy (1996)

Silicate gels are most often synthesized by hydrolyzing monomeric alkoxide precursors employing acid or base catalysts. The properties of final products are determined by the pathway of the reactions, which includes hydrolysis, condensation, and solvent exchange reaction. We analyzed a system with methyltrimethoxysilane as monomer and ethanol as solvent by using 1H, 13C, and 2D heteronuclear correlated nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Complete assignments of the proton and the 13C-NMR bands were established, which rendered the kinetic study feasible. An understanding of the behavior of the system was also attempted, especially at earlier stages. The results showed that hydrolysis and solvent exchange reactions occurred at early stage whereas condensation occurred slowly. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Beyond Deep Residual Learning for Image Restoration: Persistent Homology-Guided Manifold Simplification (2017)

The latest deep learning approaches perform better than the state-of-the-art signal processing approaches in various image restoration tasks. However, if an image contains many patterns and structures, the performance of these CNNs is still inferior. To address this issue, here we propose a novel feature space deep residual learning algorithm that outperforms the existing residual learning. The main idea is originated from the observation that the performance of a learning algorithm can be improved if the input and/or label manifolds can be made topologically simpler by an analytic mapping to a feature space. Our extensive numerical studies using denoising experiments and NTIRE single-image super-resolution (SISR) competition demonstrate that the proposed feature space residual learning outperforms the existing state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, our algorithm was ranked high in the NTIRE competition with 5-10 times faster computational time compared to the top ranked teams.
Laminar Spherical Flame Kernel Investigation of Very Rich Premixed Hydrocarbon-Air-Mixtures in a Closed Vessel under Microgravity Conditions (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this work very rich premixed laminar spherical flame kernels of hydrocarbon-air combustible mixtures were experimentally and numerically investigated under microgravity conditions. These microgravity combustion experiments were carried out in the Drop Tower of Bremen University. The Closed-Vessel-Bomb-Method (CVBM) was applied for all experimental investigations combined with a monochromatic Helium-Neon-Schlieren Measurement Technique. Images of the propagating spherical flames were tracked with a High-Speed-Camera. The pressure vessel enables optical access and contains a volume of approx. half a litre. Combustible Mixtures were investigated at initial pressures up to 30 bar and initial temperatures were 420 K for all experiments, whereas the equivalence ratio for investigated N-Pentane-Air-Mixtures was &lt;i&gt;Φ&lt;/i&gt;=3.0, N-Hexane-Air-Mixtures was &lt;i&gt;Φ&lt;/i&gt;=3.3, N-Heptane-Air-Mixtures was &lt;i&gt;Φ&lt;/i&gt;=3.5 and the equivalence ratio for investigated Isooctane-Air-Mixtures was &lt;i&gt;Φ&lt;/i&gt;=3.9 for all experiments. All investigated flames appeared to be smooth. Mainly no wrinkles due to flame instabilities could be observed on the flame surface. The propagating spherical radii over time of the spherical flames were tracked with an image processing code. Furthermore, linear extrapolation of flame propagating velocity with respect to the burned mixture to the zero stretch value was done. Interestingly, at these “very” rich equivalence ratios the laminar flame velocities increase with increase in initial pressure. This diametric effect, due to e.g. stoichiometric or lean flames, could be shown in the numerical results as well. One dimensional laminar flame calculations [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] were done with a modified skeletal mechanism [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;] for N-Heptane- and Isooctane-Air-Mixtures.&lt;/div&gt;
SUN database: Large-scale scene recognition from abbey to zoo (2010)

Scene categorization is a fundamental problem in computer vision. However, scene understanding research has been constrained by the limited scope of currently-used databases which do not capture the full variety of scene categories. Whereas standard databases for object categorization contain hundreds of different classes of objects, the largest available dataset of scene categories contains only 15 classes. In this paper we propose the extensive Scene UNderstanding (SUN) database that contains 899 categories and 130,519 images. We use 397 well-sampled categories to evaluate numerous state-of-the-art algorithms for scene recognition and establish new bounds of performance. We measure human scene classification performance on the SUN database and compare this with computational methods. Additionally, we study a finer-grained scene representation to detect scenes embedded inside of larger scenes.
A New Route to Compounds Bearing Two Contiguous Quaternary Centres (1990)

Benzyllithiums exhibit a high propensity to add to unactivated carbon-carbon double bonds. We report here two original uses of this unusual reaction: the addition of benzyllithium derivatives to ethylene as well as an intramolecular version for the straightforward synthesis of cuparene (1,1,2-trimethyl-2-p-tolylcyclopentane), a natural produce: which possesses two contiguous quaternary centres.
Atomic Layer Deposition of TiN Films by Alternate Supply of Tetrakis(ethylmethylamino)-Titanium and Ammonia (1998)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of amorphous TiN films on SiO 2 between 170°C and 210°C has been investigated by alternate supply of reactant sources, Ti[N(C 2 H 5 CH 3 ) 2 ] 4 [tetrakis(ethylmethylamino)titanium:TEMAT] and NH 3 . Reactant sources were injected into the reactor in the following order:TEMAT vapor pulse, Ar gas pulse, NH 3 gas pulse and Ar gas pulse. Film thickness per cycle was saturated at around 1.6 monolayers (ML) per cycle with sufficient pulse times of reactant sources at 200°C. The results suggest that film thickness per cycle could exceed 1 ML/cycle in ALD, and are explained by the rechemisorption mechanism of the reactant sources. An ideal linear relationship between number of cycles and film thickness is confirmed. As a result of surface limited reactions of ALD, step coverage was excellent. Particles caused by the gas phase reactions between TEMAT and NH 3 were almost absent because TEMAT was segregated from NH 3 by the Ar pulse. In spite of relatively low substrate temperature, carbon impurity was incorporated below 4 at.%.
Business ethics searches: A socioeconomic and demographic analysis of U.S. Google Trends in the context of the 2008 financial crisis (2017)

Abstract A socioeconomic and demographic analysis of U.S. Google Trends for queries about Business Ethics and Greed is proposed in the context of the 2008 financial crisis. The framework is grounded in the ethical decision‐making literature. Two models using micro and macro‐type variables are tested using GLM and GEE regression techniques. The frequency of these Google queries varies positively with the ratio of females, educational attainment, younger adult age, some measures of economic hardship or inequalities, and the lesser the weight of the finance industry represented in each State. The frequency of queries intensifies for these same socioeconomic and demographic categories, in the aftermath of the financial crisis. This article is the first to study the salience of business ethics as an issue in the empirical literature using a nationwide database. It also provides a first empirical study in the specialized literature on “ethics in a time of crisis”. This study lays a preliminary groundwork to identify pro‐ethical reform segments of the population, with practical use for financial regulatory agencies.
Lipopolysaccharide induces bacterial autophagy in epithelial keratinocytes of the gingival sulcus (2018)

These findings indicate that PgLPS-induced autophagy is at least partially responsible for interaction between bacteria and sulcular keratinocytes in the gingival sulcus.
Expression of PNA‐binding sites on specific glycoproteins by human melanoma cells is associated with a high metastatic potential (1994)

Abstract Lectin‐binding patterns of seven human melanoma clones and variants selected from the same parental cell line and differing in their spontaneous metastatic potential in an animal model were compared by flow cytometry and Scatchard analysis. Human melanoma clones and variants with high and low metastatic potential could be distinguished by their peanut agglutinin (PNA)–binding patterns, but not by their wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)–, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA I)–, and soybean agglutinin (SBA)–binding patterns. Low metastatatic clones and variants proved to be made up of a single poorly peanut agglutinin–binding cell population (2.20–3.52 × 10 6 sites/cell, Ka = 2.48–2.75 × 10 6 M −1 ). By contrast, highly metastatic variants were found to be constituted by two cellular subpopulations, exhibiting respectively a moderate (2.62–3.72 × 10 6 sites/cell) and a high peanut agglutinin staining (17.68–18.76 × 10 6 sites/cell). One highly metastatic clone was found to be homogeneously constituted by a single population of cells strongly binding this lectin (18.86 × 10 6 sites/cell) with an association constant of 4.06 × 10 6 M −1 . Using an EPICS V cytometer, these two subpopulations were sorted from a highly metastatic variant and tested for their metastatic abilities: cells with high PNA binding generated a higher frequency of metastases than did moderately PNA‐binding cells. Following treatment with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase, all cells from all variants and clones were brightly labeled by PNA, collecting in a single peak with similar fluorescence intensities. Electrophoresis of total cellular proteins and subsequent detection with labeled PNA on Western blots show two major PNA‐reactive glycoproteins with apparent molecular weights of 140 and 110 kDa (MAGP1 and MAGP2), expressed only in highly metastatic cells, but which can be strongly labeled by PNA in slightly metastatic cells following a treatment with neuraminidase. These results provide evidence that the expression of terminal galactose (β1–3)N‐acetyl galactosamine structures, positioned on MAGP1 and MAGP2 glycoproteins, is associated with the metastatic potential of human melanoma cells.
Elastoplastic–viscoplastic modelling of metal powder compaction: application to hot isostatic pressing (2012)

A constitutive model is proposed for the densification of metal powder during hot isostatic pressing. The model considers an inelastic deformation resulting from time dependent (viscoplastic) and time independent (plastic) mechanisms during loading. With employing the Abouaf's formalism for viscoplastic part, the paper is focused mainly on the plasticity contribution including the hardening effects of both relative density and the equivalent plastic strain. The proposed plastic–viscoplastic model is summarised to an equation expressing the densification rate under hydrostatic loading. The gas atomised 316LN stainless steel powder was used in this study. Model parameters necessary for simulation of HIP process during a given pressure ramp at constant temperature are identified using previously published data. The identified model is then verified using experimental data obtained from HIP trials performed at another fixed temperature but with varied pressure ramp rates. A good agreement was found between the model prediction and the experimental results.
Characterization of Negative-Bias Temperature Instability of Ge MOSFETs With <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">${\rm GeO}_{2}/{\rm Al}_{2}{\rm O}_{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Stack (2014)

Ge is a candidate for replacing Si, especially for pMOSFETs, because of its high hole mobility. For Si-pMOSFETs, negative-bias temperature instabilities (NBTI) limit their lifetime. There is little information available for the NBTI of Ge-pMOSFETs with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">${\rm Ge}/{\rm GeO}_{2}/{\rm Al}_{2}{\rm O}_{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> stack. The objective of this paper is to provide this information and compare the NBTI of Ge- and Si-pMOSFETs. New findings include: 1) the time exponent varies with stress biases/field when measured by either the conventional slow dc or pulse <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$I{-}V$ </tex-math></inline-formula> technique, making the conventional <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$V_{\rm g}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -accelerated method for predicting the lifetime of Si-pMOSFETs inapplicable to Ge-pMOSFETs used in this paper; 2) the NBTI is dominated by positive charges (PCs) in dielectric, rather than generated interface states; 3) the PC in <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">${\rm Ge}/{\rm GeO}_{2}/{\rm Al}_{2}{\rm O}_{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be fully annealed at 150 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$^{\circ}{\rm C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ; and 4) the defect losses reported for Si sample were not observed. For the first time, we report that the PCs in oxides on Ge and Si behave differently, and to explain the difference, an energy-switching model is proposed for hole traps in Ge-MOSEFTs: their energy levels have a spread below the edge of valence band, i.e., <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$E_{\rm v}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , when neutral, lift well above <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$E_{\rm v}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> after charging, and return below <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$E_{\rm v}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> following neutralization.
Studies of the stoichiometrical variation of epitaxial Fe/sub 3(1-δ)/O/sub 4/ thin films (1994)

Using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, (MBE) films of iron oxide spinel phases of Fe/sub 3(1-/spl delta/)/O/sub 4/ type have been grown on single crystal MgO(100). Stoichiometry was controlled by variation of growth parameters, including substrate temperature, oxygen flux, plasma power, and deposition rate. Structural and magnetic studies of these films have been performed using SQUID magnetometry and X-ray diffraction (XRD), The temperature dependence of the Verwey transition, a strong indicator of iron oxide stoichiometry which occurs in Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ at /spl sim/123 K, is broadened and pushed downward in temperature with decreasing iron content (and is absent in /spl gamma/-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/). Lattice spacing, Verwey response, and magnetic ordering show that stable growth over a broad range of conditions results in stoichiometric Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/, although variation of growth parameters (especially high O/sub 2//Fe flux ratios) can produce a range of Fe/sub 3(1-/spl delta/)/O/sub 4/ "defect-spinels".< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mesoionic compounds. 52. Attempted synthesis of the anhydro-2-hydroxyoxazolo[2,3-b]oxazolium hydroxide system (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMesoionic compounds. 52. Attempted synthesis of the anhydro-2-hydroxyoxazolo[2,3-b]oxazolium hydroxide systemKevin T. Potts, Debkumar Bhattacharjee, and Shuji KanemasaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 24, 4985–4988Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01312a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (569 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts