gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global Hawk dropsonde observations of the Arctic atmosphere during the Winter Storms and Pacific Atmospheric Rivers (WISPAR) field campaign (2014)

Abstract. In February and March of 2011, the Global Hawk unmanned aircraft system (UAS) was deployed over the Pacific Ocean and the Arctic during the WISPAR field campaign. The WISPAR science missions were designed to: (1) improve our understanding of Pacific weather systems and the polar atmosphere; (2) evaluate operational use of unmanned aircraft for investigating these atmospheric events; and (3) demonstrate operational and research applications of a UAS dropsonde system at high latitudes. Dropsondes deployed from the Global Hawk successfully obtained high-resolution profiles of temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind information between the stratosphere and surface. The 35 m wingspan Global Hawk, which can soar for ~ 31 h at altitudes up to ~ 20 km, was remotely operated from NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards AFB in California. During the 25 h polar flight on 9–10 March 2011, the Global Hawk released 35 sondes between the North Slope of Alaska and 85° N latitude marking the first UAS Arctic dropsonde mission of its kind. The polar flight transected an unusually cold polar vortex, notable for an associated record-level Arctic ozone loss, and documented polar boundary layer variations over a sizable ocean-ice lead feature. Comparison of dropsonde observations with atmospheric reanalyses reveal that for this day, large-scale structures such as the polar vortex and air masses are captured by the reanalyses, while smaller-scale features, including low-level jets and inversion depths, are mischaracterized. The successful Arctic dropsonde deployment demonstrates the capability of the Global Hawk to conduct operations in harsh, remote regions. The limited comparison with other measurements and reanalyses highlights the value of Arctic atmospheric dropsonde observations where routine in situ measurements are practically non-existent.
Congenital Long-QT Syndromes (2008)

2] Most often, this arrhythmia is self terminating, producing a syncopal episode; however, LQTS is responsible for a significant proportion of sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs) in young people without structural heart disease, estimated to have an incidence of approximately 1 in 2500 and causing thousands of deaths annually. 4 -6 Characteristic ECG signs of LQTS include QT-interval prolongation and T-wave abnormalities. The heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) can range from 370 to 700 ms, clearly overlapping that of normal individuals, and a single ECG may not manifest the stereotypical features. 7-9 Some patients have a normal or borderline QTc at rest but prolongation with exertion or -adrenergic stimulation. Provocative testing with exercise or catecholamine infusion may improve the sensitivity of LQTS clinical detection. 9 -11 The inciting triggers are somewhat mutation-specific. Patients with potassium channel mutations typically have episodes during physical or emotional stress, whereas those with sodium channel defects have more events with bradycardia and during sleep. 12-15 Symptoms, including syncope or SCD, can manifest anytime from the neonatal period to adulthood. Because risk stratification is still being refined, it is often recommended that most LQTS patients be treated with -adrenergic blocking medications, but a diagnostic challenge is deciding who needs more specific or aggressive therapies. Interventions for LQTS include implantation of a permanent pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), as well as consideration of left cardiac sympathetic denervation. If interventional therapy is warranted, what procedures are right for which patients, and when is the optimal time to intervene? The competing risks of the disease versus potential complications from the procedures or devices often increase the complexity of the clinical decisionmaking rationale.
Immunogenicity of homologous low density lipoprotein after methylation, ethylation, acetylation, or carbamylation: generation of antibodies specific for derivatized lysine. (1984)

We previously showed that immunization of guinea pigs with reductively glucosylated guinea pig low density lipoprotein (LDL) or albumin resulted in the formation of antibodies specific for the glucosylated protein. The present studies were done to determine if modifications of homologous LDL or albumin, other than addition of carbohydrate, would also render these proteins immunogenic. We found that derivatization of lysine residues of guinea pig LDL or albumin by carbamylation, acetylation, ethylation, or even methylation rendered them immunogenic in guinea pigs. In addition, the specificity of the antibodies was strikingly influenced by whether modified homologous LDL or modified homologous albumin was used as the immunogen. Antibodies generated against modified LDL were directed almost exclusively against the derivatized lysine residues (i.e., carbamyllysine, acetyllysine, or methyllysine) and hence reacted equivalently with other modified proteins that contained the same lysine derivative. However, antibodies generated against guinea pig albumin (or fibrinogen) modified in the same ways reacted primarily with the modified protein used as immunogen, and not with the free lysine derivative, or with other similarly modified proteins. Each of the modifications referred to above could potentially occur in vivo. Therefore, the findings presented may be relevant to autoantibody formation and immunopathogenetic mechanisms in certain diseases.
Interactions between periosteal cells and muscle-derived blood vessels are essential for bone autograft healing (2012)

status: Published
Results From a Field Trial Using New Additives for Fracture Conductivity Enhancement in a High-Gas Screenless Completion in the Jauf Reservoir, Saudi Arabia (2006)

Abstract Saudi Aramco has been conducting a successful fracturing for sand control strategy in high pressure/temperature high gas rate screenless completions in the Jauf sandstone, which exhibits high sanding tendency in certain zones throughout the reservoir. The strategy combines a number of techniques, including indirect fracturing from oriented perforated thin consolidated zones, tip screenout design, use of a combination of resin coated proppant (RCP) with fibers, forced closure, and a carefully controlled flowback procedure. Although solids-free high rate gas production has been achieved in the majority of wells for which the strategy has been implemented, a reduction in fracture conductivity in the form of positive skin has been detected in several hydraulically fractured wells in which pressure buildup tests have been conducted. Part of this negative effect results in all likelihood from partial perforation effects, given that the interval from which a fracture is initiated is usually perforated in high Young's Modulus rock and limited to 30-40 feet. Thus, the fracture is initiated away from the high sanding tendency zones and extended into such zones. The other main component for the positive skin are the fibers used for proppont flow back control purposes since it is well known through extensive industry testing that the combination of resin coated proppant and fibers can reduce fracture conductivity in treated wells. Lab testing aimed at identifying potential conductivity reduction mitigation techniques, while maintaining the ability to achieve effective formation sand control, showed that the combination of two new additives, when mixed with proppant, was able to achieve both key requirements. Hence a suitable candidate was selected for a field trial. This paper discusses the results of the first field trial of the additives tested as an alternative to the resin coated proppant/fibers mixture and the lessons learned from the trial. A direct comparison between the well treated with the new additives and an offset well previously treated with resin coated proppant and fibers, showed that the well treated with the new additives yielded better productivity despite the fact that its kh was only 1/3 of the kh of the offset well. A posttreatment pressure buildup tests was conducted in each of the wells for a valid comparison.
Effects of a chemical chaperone on genetic mutations in α-galactosidase A in Korean patients with Fabry disease (2009)

Fabry disease is an X-linked inborn error of glycosphingolipid catabolism that results from mutations in the gene encoding the alpha-galactosidase A (GLA) enzyme. We have identified 15 distinct mutations in the GLA gene in 13 unrelated patients with classic Fabry disease and 2 unrelated patients with atypical Fabry disease. Two of the identified mutations were novel (i.e., the D231G missense mutation and the L268delfsX1 deletion mutation). This study evaluated the effects of the chemical chaperones 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin (DGJ) on the function of GLA in vitro, in cells containing missense mutations in the GLA gene. Nine missense and a nonsense mutations, including one novel mutation were cloned into mammalian expression vectors. After transient expression in COS-7 cells, GLA enzyme activity and protein expression were analyzed using fluorescence spectrophotometry and Western blot analysis, respectively. DGJ enhanced GLA enzyme activity in the M42V, I91T, R112C and F113L mutants. Interestingly, the I91T and F113L mutations are associated with the atypical form of Fabry disease. However, DGJ treatment did not have any significant effect on the GLA enzyme activity and protein expression of other mutants, including C142W, D231G, D266N, and S297F. Of note, GLA enzyme activity was not detected in the novel mutant (i.e., D231G), although protein expression was similar to the wild type. In the absence of DGJ, the E66Q mutant had wild-type levels of GLA protein expression and approximately 40% GLA activity, indicating that E66Q is either a mild mutation or a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Thus, the results of this study suggest that the chemical chaperone DGJ enhances GLA enzyme activity and protein expression in milder mutations associated with the atypical form of Fabry disease.
Elimination of donor-specific alloreactivity prevents cytomegalovirus-accelerated chronic rejection in rat small bowel and heart transplants1 (2002)

The events in CMV-induced acceleration of TVS involve a crucial interplay between CMV infection and the recipient's alloreactive immune response.
Sb-MOFs derived Sb nanoparticles@porous carbon for high performance potassium-ion batteries anode (2019)

Reasonable design of Sb-based nanomaterials, which can alleviate volume expansion, agglomeration and pulverization, is meaningful for PIBs. We used Sb-MOFs as precursors to perfectly and controllably embed uniform Sb nanoparticles (∼19 nm) into porous carbon networks through simple carbonization strategies and achieved excellent electrochemical performance for PIBs.
Miniaturisation of quadrifilar helical antenna: impact on efficiency and phase centre position (2013)

This study addresses the intrinsic limitations of the miniaturisation of very‐high frequency‐band quadrifilar helical antennas. Several designs with a relative size (i.e. the ratio between antenna's heights after and before the miniaturisation) down to 27% are obtained using an optimisation process based on intensive full‐wave electromagnetic simulations. Reported simulation and experimental results underline the impact of height reduction on the antennas main descriptors: radiation pattern, directivity, polarisation purity, input matching, efficiency and maximum achievable gain. It was observed that the efficiency and the gain do not decrease linearly with the reduction of the antenna height and the input matching is slightly improved for the compact antennas. The shape of radiation pattern and the polarisation purity are not significantly degraded for relative size down to 27%.
Analysis on Ultrasonic TOFD Imaging Testing for Ultra-thick-walled EBW Joint of Aluminum Alloy (2017)

In order to complete the defect inspection and welding performance evaluation of the ultra-thick-walled aluminum alloy welded joint by electron beam welding (EBW), the ultrasonic time of flight diffraction (TOFD) D-scan imaging inspection investigations were carried out for the welded joint with the thickness of 165mm. Aiming at accurately identifying the defect information in the whole thickness area of the weld joint, a multiple scanning method combined with the double surface inspection with different separations of transducers and different refraction angle of acoustic beam was proposed to make the main beam of the transmitted and received transducers cover the whole weld zone. The experiments with different inspection parameters were performed by the top and bottom surface scanning for the four artificial side-drilled holes (SDHs) in different depth. The testing results of A-surface and B-surface scanning with the separation of 160mm and the refracted angle of 45° show that the defects in the depth more than 20mm can be accurately sized and positioned, while that in the depth less than 20mm at the vicinity of top surface are in the inspection blind zone. However, the defect diffracted waves are distinguished from the lateral waves obviously in the A-surface scanning with the separation of 72mm and the refracted angle of 68°. Large numbers of welding defects in the middle depth area and two sides of the weld zone can be observed by D-scan image. It is shown that the novel scanning method can effectively improve the inspection difficulties of ultra-thick-wall aluminum alloy weld and its inspection blind zone.
Parallel Changes in Global Protein Profiles During Long-Term Experimental Evolution in Escherichia coli (2006)

Twelve populations of Escherichia coli evolved in and adapted to a glucose-limited environment from a common ancestor. We used two-dimensional protein electrophoresis to compare two evolved clones, isolated from independently derived populations after 20,000 generations. Exceptional parallelism was detected. We compared the observed changes in protein expression profiles with previously characterized global transcription profiles of the same clones; this is the first time such a comparison has been made in an evolutionary context where these changes are often quite subtle. The two methodologies exhibited some remarkable similarities that highlighted two different levels of parallel regulatory changes that were beneficial during the evolution experiment. First, at the higher level, both methods revealed extensive parallel changes in the same global regulatory network, reflecting the involvement of beneficial mutations in genes that control the ppGpp regulon. Second, both methods detected expression changes of identical gene sets that reflected parallel changes at a lower level of gene regulation. The protein profiles led to the discovery of beneficial mutations affecting the malT gene, with strong genetic parallelism across independently evolved populations. Functional and evolutionary analyses of these mutations revealed parallel phenotypic decreases in the maltose regulon expression and a high level of polymorphism at this locus in the evolved populations.
Preparation of 2,5-diamino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 2,5-diamino-4,6-dichloropyrimidineCarroll Temple Jr., Buford H. Smith, and John A. MontgomeryCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 21, 3141–3142Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00909a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00909a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views409Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conservation of photon rate in endothermic photoluminescence and its transition to thermal emission (2015)

Photoluminescence (PL) is a fundamental light–matter interaction that conventionally involves the absorption of an energetic photon, thermalization, and the emission of a redshifted photon. Conversely, in optical refrigeration, the absorption of a low-energy photon is followed by endothermic PL of an energetic photon. These two quantum processes are, in contrast to thermal emission, governed by photon-rate conservation. Thus far, both aspects of PL have been studied under thermal population that is far weaker than the photonic excitation, hiding the role of rate conservation when thermal excitation is significant. Here we theoretically and experimentally study endothermic PL at high temperatures. In contrast to thermal emission, we find that the PL photon rate is conserved with temperature increase, while each photon is blueshifted. Further rise in temperature leads to an abrupt transition to thermal emission where the photon rate increases sharply. We also demonstrate how endothermic PL generates orders of magnitude more energetic photons than thermal emission at similar temperatures. These new findings show that endothermic PL is an ideal optical heat pump. This opens the way for a proposed novel device that harvests thermal losses in photovoltaics with record efficiency.
Low-supply-noise low-power embedded modular SRAM (1996)

A low-noise, low-power embedded modular SRAM is described. A 512 × 15 configuration at 3.3 V generates a maximum of 8.2 mA/ns dI/dt and consumes 0.24 mW/MHz, the lowest power dissipation ever reported for a modular embedded memory. Results are achieved using a pulsed divided word line architecture, with internal cascaded clocks, weak static sensing, low-noise buffers and flip-flops and low-noise low-power decoding techniques. Alternatives in the core cell, sense amplifier and read/write architecture designs are discussed. Circuit details, as well as experimental and simulation results, are presented.
Detection of interference elements and release directions in die-cast and injection-moulded components (2000)

Many interference elements may exist in a die-cast or injection-moulded component which prevent the removal of the component from a die or mould cavity. Each interference element corresponds to a direction or a set of directions along which the interference element can be released. In computer aided determination of parting direction for a diecasting die or an injection mould, the two basic problems, the detection of the interference elements and the definition of corresponding release directions, should be involved. In this paper, a three-dimensional ray-detection method is introduced to detect the interference elements. The method includes sweeping a solid model, recognizing the geometric feature and extracting the shell of the interference element. A vector plane approach is proposed to solve release directions of the interference shell. The approach uses vector planes to collect the normal vectors of the shell surface, and then the release direction of a vector plane is determined by two extreme vectors on the plane. The release directions of an interference element are obtained by intersecting the release directions of all vector planes.
Gizzard Mass Dynamics of Nestling Rooks Corvus Frugilegus (2014)

Developmental changes of the gizzard have rarely been studied in nestlings of non-domesticated birds or under natural conditions. Because nestlings would have variable amounts of stomach contents, we wanted to discover whether in natural conditions gizzard developmental changes are dependent on digesta mass. We examined the mass of gizzard and digesta in 56 nestling Rooks Corvus frugilegus aged between 1 and 13 days old. We found that gizzard mass increased nearly nine-fold, from an average of 1.25 g to 10.85 g. Gizzard mass expressed as a proportion of body weight significantly decreased with the age of nestlings. In hatchlings, the median ratio of gizzard mass to body weight was 18.4%; in 13-day old nestlings this value was only 5.8%. Tarsus length, a poor predictor of gizzard mass, explained 61% of its total variance. Nestlings (regardless of their age) without digesta or with small volumes of digesta had statistically significantly smaller gizzards (expressed as ratio of gizzard mass to body weight) than did nestlings with full gizzards, which suggest a rapid response of gizzard volume and musculature to variable food intake during post-hatch development.
High Performance Space Frequency Interleaved MIMO-OFDM Eigenmode Transmission Systems (2006)

Spatial multiplexing with linear preceding is a simple technique to increase system capacity and to exploit the high spectral efficiency provided by multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) systems, and it can be easily implemented over frequency-selective MIMO channels by using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The optimal transmitter preceding matrix is obtained by singular value decomposition (SVD) of the channel matrix. The eigenmodes of the channel matrix exhibited frequency selectivity, and the signal to noise ratio associated with each of the eigenmodes is directly proportional to its eigenvalue. Space frequency interleaver aims to achieve space and frequency diversity. Based on these observations, this paper proposes a weighted soft decision Viterbi decoding by using the eigenvalues of the channel matrix, to implement high performance space frequency interleaved MIMO-OFDM eigenmode transmission systems. Our simulation results confirm that this technique with low complexity improves error rate performance considerably.
Real‐Time Aeration Efficiency Monitoring in the Activated Sludge Process and Methods to Reduce Energy Consumption and Operating Costs (2009)

Aeration is the most energy intensive unit operation in municipal wastewater treatment, and fine-pore diffusers have been widely used to minimize power consumption. Unfortunately, fine-pore diffusers suffer from fouling and scaling problems, which cause a rapid decline in aeration performance and significant increase in power consumption. Diffusers must be cleaned periodically to reduce energy costs. The cleaning frequency of diffusers is site-specific and its effectiveness can be evaluated with oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) testing. Off-gas testing is the best technique for measuring OTE in real-time. Fine-pore diffusers have low a factors that are further reduced at high loading rate. A time-series of off-gas measurements were conducted to demonstrate the value of real-time OTE data for developing energy-conserving operating strategies. The observations confirm the inverse correlation between OTE and airflow rate as well as the economic benefits of diffuser cleaning. In addition, mathematic models were applied to simulate the transient oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and show the impact of varying load on OTE and aeration cost, especially when faced with time-of-day power rates. Regular diffuser cleaning can reduce average power costs by 18% and various equalization alternatives can reduce power costs by 6 to 16%.