gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Study of Acoustic Wave Propagation in Partially Saturated Poroelastic Rock (2006)

Abstract Based on the Biot theory we use a high‐order staggered finite‐difference algorithm to carry out numerical experiments on wave propagation in a rock sample partially saturated by multi‐phase fluids with random fluid distributions. The ultrasonic source frequencies are 25, 50, 75kHz and 100kHz, respectively. The first modeling sample is homogeneous isotropic sandstone partially filled with two phase pore fluids (water and gas), which are defined by their different elastic characteristic parameters of saturation, viscosity, compressibility, and density, respectively. We assume that the two different pore‐fills occupy different macroscopic regions and the wavelength of acoustic wave is much larger than the scale of these regions. The result shown that the P‐wave velocity and attenuation change with fluid saturations (water and gas) and central frequencies of the acoustic source. These numerical results are qualitatively in agreement with the White and Gassmann's models. The second modeling sample is partially filled with 3 phase pore fluids (water, oil, and gas). We keep the saturation of water with a constant and change the saturations of oil and gas. Under these conditions, the velocity of P‐wave shows an increasing trend with the increasing saturation of oil. The snapshot of the acoustic wave field shows that the energy of P‐wave is converted into several kinds of slow P‐waves and S‐waves which occur at the interfaces between water, oil and gas. These modeling results have great significance in seismic exploration and acoustic well logging interpretations.
Enhanced delivery of nebulised salbutamol during non-invasive ventilation (2006)

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is used to treat acute respiratory failure. Nebulised drugs can be delivered concurrently with NIV or during breaks from ventilatory support. We hypothesised that the amount of nebulised salbutamol inhaled when delivered via bi-level ventilation would be no different to the amount available directly from the same nebuliser. A standard bi-level ventilation circuit was attached to a lung model simulating adult respiration. Drug delivery was compared when salbutamol (5 mg) was nebulised at different positions in the circuit and separately, with no ventilator. The amount of salbutamol contained in various particle size fractions was also determined. Nebuliser position within the NIV circuit was critically important for drug delivery. Optimal delivery of salbutamol occurred with the expiration port between the facemask and nebuliser (647+/-67 micro g). This was significantly better than nebulisation without the ventilator (424+/-61 micro g; P < 0.01). Delivery when the nebuliser was positioned between the facemask and expiration port was 544+/-85 micro g. The amount of salbutamol contained in particles < 5 micro m was significantly increased when the nebuliser was used in conjunction with bi-level ventilation (576+/-60 micro g vs 300+/-43 micro g, P < 0.001). We conclude that nebulised bronchodilator therapy, using a Cirrus jet nebuliser, during bi-level ventilation increases respirable particles likely to be inhaled when the nebuliser is optimally positioned within the circuit.
Biological and Structural Characterization of Rotamers of C–C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CCR5) Inhibitor GSK214096 (2014)

We recently reported the discovery of preclinical CCR5 inhibitor GSK214096, 1 (J. Med. Chem. 2011, 54, 756). Detailed characterization of 1 revealed that it exists as a mixture of four separable atropisomers A-D. The two slow-interconverting pairs of rotamers A + B and C + D were separated and further characterized. HIV and CCR5-mediated chemotaxis data strongly suggest that the antiviral potency of 1 is due to rotamers A + B and not C + D. Furthermore, integrated UV, vibrational circular dichroism VCD and computational approach allowed to determine the M chirality in C + D (and P chirality in A + B). These findings imply additional avenues to be pursued toward new CCR5 antagonists.
Feedforward Architectures for Decentralized Precoding in Massive MU-MIMO Systems (2018)

Massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) enables significant gains in spectral efficiency and link reliability compared to conventional, small-scale MIMO technology.In addition, linear precoding using zero forcing or Wiener filter (WF) precoding is sufficient to achieve excellent errorrate performance in the massive MU-MIMO downlink.However, these methods typically require centralized processing at the base-station (BS), which causes (i) excessively high interconnect and chip input/output data rates, and (ii) high implementation complexity.We propose two feedforward architectures and corresponding decentralized WF precoders that parallelize precoding across multiple computing fabrics, effectively mitigating the limitations of centralized approaches.To demonstrate the efficacy of our decentralized precoders, we provide implementation results on a multi-GPU system, which show that our solutions achieve throughputs in the Gbit/s regime while achieving (near-)optimal error-rate performance in the massive MU-MIMO downlink.
A Logical (Discrete) Formulation for the Storage and Recall of Environmental Signals in Plants (2004)

When subjected to an appropriate asymmetric stimulus, seedlings of Bidens pilosa L. "store" a symmetry-breaking instruction that will finally take effect (in the form of a differential growth of the cotyledonary buds) only if the plants are in a state in which they can "recall" this information. The ability of the plants to recall the stored symmetry-breaking instruction may be switched "on" or "off" by the application of a variety of stimuli. Although its detailed phenomenology is rather complicated, the overall behaviour of the plant storage/recall system can be modelled by use of an asynchronous, logical (discrete) description involving positive and negative feedback circuits, which are required for the existence of multi-stationarity and stability, respectively. The state tables, as used in this formalism, give a concise and easy-to-handle description of the evolution of the system and make it particularly easy to determine its stable states. This modelling approach may be extended to the formulation of many other experimental systems.
Autonomous Rover Traverse and Precise Arm Placement on Remotely Designated Targets (2012)

This software controls a rover platform to traverse rocky terrain autonomously, plan paths, and avoid obstacles using its stereo hazard and navigation cameras. It does so while continuously tracking a target of interest selected from 10 20 m away. The rover drives and tracks the target until it reaches the vicinity of the target. The rover then positions itself to approach the target, deploys its robotic arm, and places the end effector instrument on the designated target to within 2-3-cm accuracy of the originally selected target. This software features continuous navigation in a fairly rocky field in an outdoor environment and the ability to enable the rover to avoid large rocks and traverse over smaller ones. Using point-and-click mouse commands, a scientist designates targets in the initial imagery acquired from the rover s mast cameras. The navigation software uses stereo imaging, traversability analysis, path planning, trajectory generation, and trajectory execution. It also includes visual target tracking of a designated target selected from 10 m away while continuously navigating the rocky terrain. Improvements in this design include steering while driving, which uses continuous curvature paths. There are also several improvements to the traversability analyzer, including improved data fusion of traversability maps that result from pose estimation uncertainties, dealing with boundary effects to enable tighter maneuvers, and handling a wider range of obstacles. This work advances what has been previously developed and integrated on the Mars Exploration Rovers by using algorithms that are capable of traversing more rock-dense terrains, enabling tight, thread-the-needle maneuvers. These algorithms were integrated on the newly refurbished Athena Mars research rover, and were fielded in the JPL Mars Yard. Forty-three runs were conducted with targets at distances ranging from 5 to 15 m, and a success rate of 93% was achieved for placement of the instrument within 2-3 cm of the target.
On our way to understand sterilization mechanisms &#x2014; Inactivation and modification of bio-macromolecules by H<inf>2</inf> and O<inf>2</inf> plasma (2013)

A low-pressure VHF-CCP is used to investigate the impact of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> plasma on bio-macromolecules. Since both, plasma and cells, are very complex systems, bio-macromolecules are used to identify possible inactivation mechanisms. With the ubiquitous enzyme GAPDH, enzyme activity tests were carried out before and after plasma treatment, revealing that oxygen plasma leads to a higher inactivation than hydrogen plasma. SDS PAGE indicates that neither fragmentation nor unfolding occurs. With mass spectrometry we could identify mainly oxidation of cysteine in case of oxygen plasma as possible inactivation mechanism, whereas in case of hydrogen plasma deamidation takes place. The inactivation results are correlated with plasma parameters, obtained with optical emission spectroscopy.
Two-dimensional sensitivity analysis of MIPAS observations (2009)

In this paper we propose a new approach to operate two-dimensional sensitivity studies on the observations of MIPAS, an experiment on board the ENVISAT satellite. The proposed analysis system is intended to evaluate the amount and the spatial distribution of the information that is carried by MIPAS observations with respect to the target atmospheric parameters. The new approach enables the definition and assessment of the target-dependent atmospheric sampling of the measurements. The amount of information is evaluated by merging MIPAS measurements, relative to different limb-scans, in a two-dimensional analysis that models the sensitivity of the spectral signals combined with the geometrical redundancy introduced by different observation geometries. The spatial distribution of the information that is obtained with our analysis highlights the advantage of using a two-dimensional retrieval system. Furthermore, within the two-dimensional context, this analysis provides crucial indications for the definition of the optimal retrieval grid and, therefore, for the best exploitation of existing measurements. The proposed analysis is also suited for the design of optimized observation strategies. The sensitivity analysis, applied in this paper to MIPAS observations, can be extended to other orbiting limb sounders that, like MIPAS, continuously measure the atmospheric emission along the orbit track.
Quasi-dual-mode resonators (2000)

This paper discusses the concept of using two single-mode resonators to construct a quasi-dual-mode resonator that has all the features of traditional dual-mode resonators. Two novel filter structures are presented in this paper that employ this concept; one employs planar-type resonators and the other employs dielectric resonators. A new configuration for a single-mode dielectric resonator is also proposed in this paper, The use of such a type of resonator makes it possible to construct dielectric-resonator filters that are much smaller in size than conventional TE/sub 01/ single-mode resonators. Measured results are presented for four filters along with theoretical results to verify the novel concepts proposed in this paper.
Instantaneous fuzzy modelling for obstacle avoidance (2002)

A wheeled mobile robot in its work space has to cope with moving or static obstacles. In order to achieve specific tasks it has to manage with its environment. Two extremes cases can be presented, in one hand when robot has a complete modelling of its workspace, and in an other hand, when there is no a priori knowledge about the external world. First case can be solved with the definition of free paths in the global plan but only if the obstacles configurations are perfectly known. When asynchronous events occur, the system needs a local perception to correct the initial path. In second case robot motion is directly controlled by the local perception and according to the local plan modifications. Robot is so able to manage with statics or dynamics obstacles. Such algorithms are reflex loops. We propose an avoiding strategy based on reflex loop method. This approach is a qualitative one lying on fuzzy reasoning. We develop a method integrating obstacles space configuration and admissible displacements of the system. Obstacle avoidance results from a qualitative local model of the external world, through the estimation of a constraint weight of the current robot configuration in the local environment. We will describe all steps of our reasoning to lead to a robust avoiding strategy in front flexibility and local minima. Example in unknown environment will illustrate the efficiency of our approach.
Hydroxyapatite-Based Biomaterials Versus Autologous Bone Graft in Spinal Fusion (2014)

N/A.
Operation and testing of electrostatic microactuators and micromachined sound detectors for active control of high speed flows (2002)

The operation and testing of a combined microactuator/microsensor system for use in a high speed jet are presented. Electrostatic actuators have been fabricated using a bulk-silicon dissolved-wafer process, and are more than 12 /spl mu/m in thickness to achieve a large stiffness in the z-direction. The "micro" actuators resonate at a frequency of 5 kHz/14 kHz and an amplitude of >70 /spl mu/m peak-peak, generate significant disturbances into the "macro" scale jet flow, and survive operation at speeds of >210 m/s. An array of micromachined sound detectors for the detection of onset of jet screech has also been fabricated. The detectors use stress compensated PECVD silicon nitride/oxide membranes together with monocrystalline ion-implanted p/sup ++/ silicon piezoresistors to achieve high sensitivity. They have a static sensitivity of 1.1 /spl mu/V/V/spl middot/Pa with a 2% nonlinearity over an operating pressure range of 10 kPa.
[Determination of Sudan Red dyes in eggs using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and matrix solid-phase dispersion technique]. (2008)

A new method was established for determining Sudan Red I - IV dyes in eggs using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The target analytes in eggs such as hen eggs, duck eggs and preserved eggs, were extracted by solid-phase dispersion technique with a mixture of chloroform-acetonitrile (9: 1, v/v). The chromatographic separation was achieved on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column. The identification and quantification were performed using MS/MS with multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) and electrospray ionizatio in positive mode. The linearity ranges of Sudan Red I - IV dyes were 0.5 - 100 ng/g, 5.0 - 100 ng/g, 1.0 - 100 ng/g and 2.0 - 100 ng/g, respectively, and all linear correlation coefficient were higher than 0.99. The recoveries of Sudan Red dyes in eggs were between 87.3% and 113% with the relative standard deviations less than 9.1%. The detection limits of this method were 0.1 microg/kg for Sudan Red I, 2.0 microg/kg for Sudan Red II , 0.2 microg/kg for Sudan Red III and 0.4 microg/kg for Sudan Red IV, which could meet the monitoring requirements of the Suda Red dyes both abroad and home.
Estimation of Low Cycle Fatigue Life on the Accumulated Hysteresis Energy of Δσ·Δε<sub>p</sub> for Direct Aged Alloy 718 (Ni-Based Superalloys) (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Reflection Spectroscopy With The FT-IR Microscope (1989)

The FT-IR microscope is a versatile sampling accessory used to record IR spectra in either transmittance or reflectance modes and capable of obtaining data from microscopic sampling areas. Because the FT-IR microscope simplifies the collection of reflectance data it has renewed interest in reflectance spectroscopy. Moreover, the ability to see the specific sample and to obtain spectra from small areas makes it possible to differentiate the mode of the reflection data. Reflections can be specular, diffuse or reflection-absorption modes. These modes are not independent, but the sample and its surface geometry can cause one mode to dominate all others. With polished grains or single crystal faces, specular reflection is the dominate mode. Thin films on metallic reflecting substrates make reflection-absorption the major reflection mode. Diffuse reflection dominates when the surface is very rough or fine irregular particles are analyzed. Since the sample can be seen with the microscope, the reflection mode can be predicted by direct observation of the sample&apos;s surface. In this work, examples of reflection spectral measurements are presented to illustrate the versatility of the FT-IR microscope. Of particular interest is the first report of quantitative analysis of a copolymer using specular reflectance measurements obtained with the FT-IR microscope. In this analysis, the Kramers-Kroenig transformation was used to obtain extinction (k) values. The k values derived from specular reflection are quantitative agreement with absorbance values measured by transmission.
Mimicry Is Presidential: Linguistic Style Matching in Presidential Debates and Improved Polling Numbers (2015)

The current research used the contexts of U.S. presidential debates and negotiations to examine whether matching the linguistic style of an opponent in a two-party exchange affects the reactions of third-party observers. Building off communication accommodation theory (CAT), interaction alignment theory (IAT), and processing fluency, we propose that language style matching (LSM) will improve subsequent third-party evaluations because matching an opponent's linguistic style reflects greater perspective taking and will make one's arguments easier to process. In contrast, research on status inferences predicts that LSM will negatively impact third-party evaluations because LSM implies followership. We conduct two studies to test these competing hypotheses. Study 1 analyzed transcripts of U.S. presidential debates between 1976 and 2012 and found that candidates who matched their opponent's linguistic style increased their standing in the polls. Study 2 demonstrated a causal relationship between LSM and third-party observer evaluations using negotiation transcripts.
Investigation of Effects and Mechanisms of Total Flavonoids ofAstragalusand Calycosin on Human Erythroleukemia Cells (2012)

Flavonoids are found in most parts of plants and have been shown to have multiple biological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammation, antibacteria, antivirus, and immune-stimulation. Existing data showed that the total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA) can provide biological system with resistance to injury and can possess antimutagenic, atherosclerotic inhibition, and other biological effects. This study investigated the effects of TFA and calycosin (a compound isolated from TFA), on apoptosis induction, and cell cycle of human erythroleukemia cell line K562 by an array of techniques, including proliferation (MTT), PI staining, Annexin V/PI double staining, and RT-PCR. The experimental data showed that TFA and calycosin could inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells. The 50% inhibiting concentrations of TFA and calycosin were 98.63 μg/mL and 130.32 μg/mL, respectively. However, TFA and calycosin could not induce apoptosis in K562 cells, but could increase the number of the cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase. The level of cyclin D1 mRNA in K562 cells decreased after the treatment with TFA and calycosin. This study provides new insights into the functional mechanism of total flavonoids of Astragalus and calycosin on human erythroleukemia cells.
Improving reliability for electronic power modules (2014)

The current trend in power electronics, particularly for power module development is focused on improved reliability, quality and energy efficiency. In applications such as in railways or heavy machinery, high power in the ranges of several hundred kilowatts to lower megawatts is required. Innovation in such areas are needed to improve the systems reliability as failures could be extremely costly to replace. In some cases they may involve loss of life. Most systems are expected to function constantly on daily cycles and may be subjected to harsh environments as well. Power module systems today seek to integrate more functions by implementing good electrical design principles. Such ideas can only be realized if the materials and processes used are reliable and robust. The main objective of this literature work is to understand the reliability problems and failures, as well as improvements which are being made on engineering material selection for power modules.
(Invited) Semiconducting Enriched Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Transistors Using Metallic Carbon Nanotube Contact (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Large-Scale Population-Based Study Shows No Evidence of Association Between Common Polymorphism of the VDR Gene and BMD in British Women (2006)

VDR does not seem to influence BMD or bone turnover in early postmenopausal white women with adequate calcium intake. Gene-nutrient interactions on BMD may be an indirect consequence of interactions between genotype and calcium intake on weight.
Central Domain of DivIB Caps the C-terminal Regions of the FtsL/DivIC Coiled-coil Rod (2009)

DivIB(FtsQ), FtsL, and DivIC(FtsB) are enigmatic membrane proteins that are central to the process of bacterial cell division. DivIB(FtsQ) is dispensable in specific conditions in some species, and appears to be absent in other bacterial species. The presence of FtsL and DivIC(FtsB) appears to be conserved despite very low sequence conservation. The three proteins form a complex at the division site, FtsL and DivIC(FtsB) being associated through their extracellular coiled-coil region. We report here structural investigations by NMR, small-angle neutron and x-ray scattering, and interaction studies by surface plasmon resonance, of the complex of DivIB, FtsL, and DivIC from Streptococcus pneumoniae, using soluble truncated forms of the proteins. We found that one side of the "bean"-shaped central beta-domain of DivIB interacts with the C-terminal regions of the dimer of FtsL and DivIC. This finding is corroborated by sequence comparisons across bacterial genomes. Indeed, DivIB is absent from species with shorter FtsL and DivIC proteins that have an extracellular domain consisting only of the coiled-coil segment without C-terminal conserved regions (Campylobacterales). We propose that the main role of the interaction of DivIB with FtsL and DivIC is to help the formation, or to stabilize, the coiled-coil of the latter proteins. The coiled-coil of FtsL and DivIC, itself or with transmembrane regions, could be free to interact with other partners.