gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EAACI position paper: irritant‐induced asthma (2014)

The term irritant-induced (occupational) asthma (IIA) has been used to denote various clinical forms of asthma related to irritant exposure at work. The causal relationship between irritant exposure(s) and the development of asthma can be substantiated by the temporal association between the onset of asthma symptoms and a single or multiple high-level exposure(s) to irritants, whereas this relationship can only be inferred from epidemiological data for workers chronically exposed to moderate levels of irritants. Accordingly, the following clinical phenotypes should be distinguished within the wide spectrum of irritant-related asthma: (i) definite IIA, that is acute-onset IIA characterized by the rapid onset of asthma within a few hours after a single exposure to very high levels of irritant substances; (ii) probable IIA, that is asthma that develops in workers with multiple symptomatic high-level exposures to irritants; and (iii) possible IIA, that is asthma occurring with a delayed-onset after chronic exposure to moderate levels of irritants. This document prepared by a panel of experts summarizes our current knowledge on the diagnostic approach, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of the various phenotypes of IIA.
The Hacker's Handbook: The Strategy Behind Breaking into and Defending Networks (2003)

Preface FOUNDATION MATERIAL Case Study in Subversion Know Your Opponent Anatomy of an Attack Your Defensive Arsenal Programming The Protocols (TCP/IP) (OSI Layers 2-3) The Protocols (TCP/IP) (OSI Layers 4-7) SYSTEM AND NETWORK PENETRATION Domain Name Service (DNS) Directory Services Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http) Database Hacking Malware Network Hardware CONSOLIDATION Consolidating Gains After the Fall Conclusion
Identification of a small molecule that stimulates human β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion, and protects against cytotoxic stress in rat insulinoma cells (2019)

Abstract A key event in the development of both major forms of diabetes is the loss of functional pancreatic islet β-cell mass. Strategies aimed at enhancing β-cell regeneration have long been pursued, but methods for reliably inducing human β-cell proliferation with full retention of key functions such as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) are still very limited. We have previously reported that overexpression of the homeobox transcription factor Nkx6.1 stimulates β-cell proliferation, while also enhancing GSIS and providing protection against β-cell cytotoxicity through induction of the VGF prohormone. We developed an Nkx6.1 pathway screen by stably transfecting 832/13 rat insulinoma cells with a VGF promoter-luciferase reporter construct, using the resultant cell line to screen a 630,000 compound chemical library. We isolated three compounds with consistent effects to stimulate human islet cell proliferation. Further studies of the most potent of these compounds, GNF-9228, revealed that it selectively activates human β-cell relative to α-cell proliferation and has no effect on δ-cell replication. In addition, pre-treatment, but not short term exposure of human islets to GNF-9228 enhances GSIS. GNF-9228 also protects 832/13 insulinoma cells against ER stress- and inflammatory cytokine-induced cytotoxicity. In contrast to recently emergent Dyrk1a inhibitors that stimulate human islet cell proliferation, GNF-9228 does not activate NFAT translocation. These studies have led to identification of a small molecule with pleiotropic positive effects on islet biology, including stimulation of human β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion, and protection against multiple agents of cytotoxic stress.
Gaussian Field Model of Dielectric Solvation Dynamics (1996)

Extending the Gaussian model of solvation (Chandler, D. Phys. Rev. E 1993, 48, 2898) to dynamics, we focus specifically on the problem of dielectric relaxation. In the Gaussian model, the solvent is described in terms of a linear responding field that is expelled from the volume occupied by the solute. The excluded volume affects the normal modes of the system, thereby playing a significant role in solvation dynamics. Even in the context of dielectric continuum theory, the excluded volume affects the polarization response outside that volume. We show that this effect can be analyzed generally and analytically.
Myocardial Invasion of Cardiac Lymphoma Assessed With Myocardial Strain Imaging (2006)

In a 17-year-old man complaining of exertional chest pain, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass originating from the right atrium invading the pulmonary artery compatible with malignant lymphoma. However, its invasion to the left ventricular myocardium was not evident. Conventional echocardiography only identified the thickened left ventricular posterior wall. However, transmural myocardial strain distribution obtained by myocardial strain imaging clearly demonstrated abnormal myocardium at the posterior wall suggesting myocardial invasion. The abnormal finding disappeared after chemotherapy. Assessment of transmural myocardial strain profile using myocardial strain imaging was useful to differentiate normal and abnormal myocardium, leading to a correct diagnosis of myocardial invasion.
Airflow and thermal conductance in a totally enclosed induction motor (2002)

Abstract Heat transfer coefficients of air‐cooled fins located on the outer surface of a totally enclosed induction motor were measured. It was found that the heat transfer coefficient decreases in the downstream direction in relation to the outer fins. It was also found that increasing the axial length of the fan cover (i.e., so that the fan cover overlaps the fin) increases the average heat transfer coefficient of the outer fins. Internal airflow induced by the rotor fan inside the motor end‐bracket coincides with the rotational speed of the rotor fan. Airflow velocity between the stator coil end and the housing in the motor is low, so a cooling structure with an inside ventilation passage for airflow was introduced to increase the heat transfer of the stator coil. By using an actual motor, the effect of resin (varnish) between the stator and the motor housing on the thermal‐contact conductance was determined; the thermal‐contact conductance of a motor with resin was 1.58 times higher than that of one without resin. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(1): 7–20, 2002
Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections: a French case-control-control study (2018)

This study aimed to assess characteristics associated with infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), producing (CPE) or not producing (non-CPE) carbapenemase, among hospitalised patients in 2014-2016 in France. Case-patients with CRE were compared to two control populations. In multivariate analysis comparing 160 CRE cases to 160 controls C1 (patients with a clinical sample positive for carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae), five characteristics were linked to CRE: male gender (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.3-3.4), travel in Asia (OR = 10.0; 95% CI = 1.1-91.2) and hospitalisation in (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.3-4.4) or out of (OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 0.8-24.1) France in the preceding 12 months, infection in the preceding 3 months (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.5-5.9), and antibiotic receipt between admission and inclusion (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.0-3.3). In multivariate analysis comparing 148 CRE cases to 148 controls C2 [patients with culture-negative sample(s)], four characteristics were identified: prior infection (OR = 3.3; 95% CI = 1.6-6.8), urine drainage (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.5-6.1) and mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.7; 95% CI = 1.1-13.0) during the current hospitalisation, and antibiotic receipt between admission and inclusion (OR = 6.6; 95% CI = 2.8-15.5). Univariate analyses comparing separately CPE cases to controls (39 CPE vs C1 and 36 CPE vs C2) and non-CPE cases to controls (121 non-CPE vs C1 and 112 non-CPE vs C2), concomitantly with comparison of CPE to non-CPE cases showed that only CPE cases were at risk of previous travel and hospitalisation abroad. This study shows that, among CRE, risk factors are different for CPE and non-CPE infection, and suggests that question patients about their medical history and lifestyle should help for early identification of patients at risk of CPE among patients with CRE.
Reducing the overhead of dynamic partial reconfiguration for multi-mode circuits (2014)

A multi-mode circuit implements the functionality of a limited number of circuits, called modes, of which at any given time only one needs to be realised. Using dynamic partial reconfiguration of an FPGA, all the modes can be implemented on the same reconfigurable region, requiring only an area that can contain the biggest mode. This can save considerable chip area. Conventional dynamic partial reconfiguration techniques generate a configuration for every mode separately. As a result, to switch between modes the complete reconfigurable region is rewritten, which often leads to long reconfiguration times. In this paper we give an overview of research we conducted to reduce this overhead of dynamic partial reconfiguration for multi-mode circuits. In this research we explored several joint optimization strategies at different stages of the tool flow.
Cancellation of loop interference with exponential profile using autocorrelation method in OFDM based systems (2004)

This paper discusses the use of the autocorrelation method introduced in A. Hazmi et al. (2002) to cancel multi-tap loop interference with exponential profile in digital terrestrial broadcasting using relays. It was shown that the method can cancel efficiently the coupling between the transmitter and the receiver antennas in the relay station when one tap loop model is considered. Here we modify the autocorrelation method to deal with multi-tap loop with exponential profile. Analytical and experimental results are presented to verify the advantages and the limitations of the method in such environment. Bit error rate simulation results are also considered in AWGN and Rayleigh static channels cases
Management of Intracranial Hydatid Cyst (2013)

Objective: To know the clinical presentation and surgical complication of intracranial hydatid cyst.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was done in neurosurgery department of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from 2nd February 1998 to 1st October 2012. A total of 37 patients with intracranial hydatid cyst, irrespective of gender discrimination were included in this study. Intracranial hydatid cyst was diagnosed on CT scan brain. The information regarding patient demographical details, clinical features, CT brain findings and post-operative complications was documented in patient’s Performa. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 16. Frequency and percentage was calculated for categorical variables. Mean ± SD was calculated for age. Results were presented as tables.Results: A total of 37 patients were included in the study. Out of 37 patients, there were 23 (62.8%) males and 14 (37.14%) females. The mean age was 12.4 years. Most of patients presented with increased intracranial pressure features like headache, vomiting and papilloedema. Majority of the patients had hydatid cyst in parietal region %. Post-operatively two patients having wound infection and no mortality.Conclusion: Hydatid disease should be kept in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesion of the brain. The pericystic hydraulic hydatid cyst excision is the safe procedure with minimal morbidity.
Developing Treatments for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2013)

Developing new treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a challenge. We have enjoyed success with regulatory approvals for three drug classes-prostanoids, endothelin receptor antagonists and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. But we have also seen some disappointing results, for example, from studies with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, statins and tergolide. Animal models are an unreliable predictor of efficacy in humans. The best model for the disease is the patient. This review discusses three major issues facing the evaluation of drugs in PAH patients-target validation, choosing the right dose, and early trial design.
Droplet-on-a-wristband: Chip-to-chip digital microfluidic interfaces between replaceable and flexible electrowetting modules (2010)

We present a long (204 mm), curved (curvature of 0.04 mm(-1)), and closed droplet pathway in "droplet-on-a-wristband" (DOW) with the designed digital microfluidic modular interfaces for electric signal and droplet connections based on the study of electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) in inclined and curved devices. Instead of using sealed and leakage-proof pipes to transmit liquid and pumping pressure, the demonstrated modular interface for electrowetting-driven digital microfluidics provides simply electric and fluidic connections between two adjacent parallel-plate modules which are easy-to-attach/detach, showing the advantages of using droplets for microfluidic connections between modules. With the previously reported digital-to-channel interfaces (Abdelgawad et al., Lab Chip, 2009, 9, 1046-1051), the chip-to-chip interface presented here would be further applied to continuous microfluidics. Droplet pumping across a single top plate gap and through a modular interface with two gaps between overlapping plates are investigated. To ensure the droplet transportation in the DOW, we actuate droplets against gravity in an inclined or curved device fabricated on flexible PET substrates prepared by a special razor blade cutter and low temperature processes. Pumping a 2.5 μl droplet at a speed above 105 mm s(-1) is achieved by sequentially switching the entire 136 driving electrodes (1.5 mm × 1.5 mm) along the four flexible modules of the DOW fabricated by 4-inch wafer facilities.
Enhanced flux pinning by combined atomic substitution and phase decomposition in cuprate superconductors (1991)

The use of combined atomic substitution and phase decomposition is shown to achieve substantial enhancement of flux pinning in Y–Ba-Cu–O ceramics. The substituent is chosen to provide a high density of nucleation sites for decomposition and at the same time enhancing Tc in the resulting composite superconductor. Bulk YBa2Cu4O8 (124) with 2.5% La substituted for Ba is decomposed by a short anneal beyond the stability boundary for YBa2Cu3O7 (123) at low oxygen pressure. The product, principally La-substituted 123 &amp;lt;m1;37p&amp;gt;with stacking faults and precipitates of CuO in the grain boundaries, exhibits a 17-fold enhancement in intragrain Jc at 77 K and 0.75 Tesla over unprocessed 123, rising to 50-fold at 85 K. Magnetization Jc exceeds 104 A/cm2 at 0.75 Tesla for temperatures up to 87 K, the highest so far observed for a superconductor.
Xenon Ventilation During Therapeutic Hypothermia in Neonatal Encephalopathy: A Feasibility Study (2014)

Breathing 50% xenon for up to 18 hours with 72 hours of cooling was feasible, with no adverse effects seen with 18 months' follow-up.
Saliency-based Speed Sensorless Control of Single-Inverter Dual Induction Machines using Reduced Amount of Current Sensors (2020)

Parallel supply of dual-motors by single-inverter is a frequent practice, especially in traction applications. Model-based sensorless drives mostly rely on four current sensors, two of which attached to each motor. In the medium to high speed range, these model-based strategies can calculate the flux and torque share of each motor since the inverter output voltage is relatively linear. However, zero electrical speed operation turns out to be unstable as the system becomes unobservable. This area can be covered by injection strategies. This paper applies the voltage step excitation sensorless concept to dual-motor drives, which has not been researched in literature to the best of author's knowledge. Besides, a novel current sensor configuration is presented, using only three (instead of four) current sensors. Thereby, phase A and B currents of one motor (M1) will be measured, while the third sensor is attached to phase C of M2. As will be shown, new sensor arrangement allows for separation of individual machines inherent saliencies and thus delivers information of both machines rotor position, enabling a correct motor torque/flux share calculation by means of FOC equations. Experimental results prove the functionality of the new sensor configuration and voltage step excitation strategy applied to two parallel-connected induction motors.
MicroRNA-101 inhibits cell progression and increases paclitaxel sensitivity by suppressing MCL-1 expression in human triple-negative breast cancer (2015)

Triple-negative breast cancer is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype. The aim of our study was to investigate the functional role of both miR-101 and MCL-1 in the sensitivity of human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to paclitaxel. We found that the expression of miR-101 was strongly decreased in triple-negative breast cancer tissues and cell lines. The expression of miR-101 was not associated with clinical stage or lymph node infiltration in TNBC. Ectopic overexpression of miR-101 inhibit growth and induced apoptosis in vitro and suppressed tumorigenicity in vivo. MCL-1 was significantly overexpressed in most of the TNBC tissues and cell lines. Luciferase assay results confirmed MCL-1 as a direct target gene of miR-101. MiR-101 inhibited MCL-1 expression in TNBC cells and transplanted tumors. There was a negative correlation between the level of expression of miR-101 and MCL-1 in TNBC tissues. Suppression of MCL-1 enhanced the sensitivity of MDA-MB-435 cells to paclitaxel. Furthermore, miR-101 increased paclitaxel sensitivity by inhibiting MCL-1 expression. Our findings provide significant insight into the molecular mechanisms of TNBC carcinogenesis and may have clinical relevance for the development of novel, targeted therapies for TNBC.
<title>Characterization of plasticizers in solid propellant formulations by FTIR-microscopic, FTIR-photoacoustic, and GC-FTIR techniques</title> (1992)

Investigation of plasticizer levels in solid propellants has been carried out using three FTIR techniques: FTIR-microscopy (FTIR-mic), photoacoustic-FTIR (PA-FTIR), and gas chromatography-FTIR (GC-FTIR). Two plasticizers have been examined; only one of these appears to have a tendency to evaporate from the solid propellants. It was observed that when both plasticizers are present in the same formulation, evaporation of the more volatile plasticizer is notably decreased. Significantly higher levels of plasticizer and polymeric binder have been found at extruded surfaces than have been found in the interior of the grain. Desorption-GC-FTIR analysis revealed a relationship between processing conditions and residual solvent content.
Feeding behavior and productive performance of steers fed pearl millet grain-based diets containing proportions of babassu mesocarp bran (2015)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feeding behavior and feedlot productive performance of dairy-origin steers fed for 84 days ground pearl millet grain-based diets with 0, 120, 240, 360, and 480 g kg-1 of babassu mesocarp bran (BMB) and a standard diet based on ground corn. Thirty Holstein-Zebu steers with average initial body weight of 371.02±27 kg were used. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications. Dry matter intake showed better fit with the quadratic regression equation with the inclusion of BMB, reaching a maximum value in diets with 360 g of this by-product. There was no difference for dry matter intake between pearl millet- and corn-based diets. There was no difference in total digestible nutrients intake between diets. The digestibility coefficient of organic matter decreased linearly with the increase in the dietary level of BMB. The digestibility coefficient of organic matter was not different between corn and millet diets. There was no difference in feeding time between diets. Total requirement of metabolizable energy increased linearly with inclusion of BMB. However, total requirements of metabolizable energy did not differ between the corn- and pearl millet-based diets. Average daily gain decreased linearly with the increase in BMB, with adjustment forced by the sharp decline of this variable in diets with 480 g of BMB. There was no difference in average daily gain between corn- and pearl millet-based diets. The inclusion of levels above 360 g of babassu mesocarp bran in pearl millet-based diets reduces the supply of metabolizable energy and the productive performance of feedlot dairy steers.
Numerical Investigation for Scale-Up of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma for Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Thin Film Production (2018)

A low-temperature process is required to deposit fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) as a transparent conductive oxide on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, as the latter is polymeric and has a low melting point. An electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma system is the best way to deposit metal oxide with high transparency and electrical conductivity at temperatures below 100 °C. Characteristics of an ECR plasma include its high ionization energy and electron density; however, its use is limited in large-scale deposition. In order to overcome this limitation, a large-scale ECR plasma system with a dual microwave generator was designed by numerical investigation of a laboratory-scale ECR plasma system. FTO films prepared in the laboratory-scale and large-scale systems were compared. The change in electrical resistivity and optical transmittance with deposition pressure in the large-scale ECR plasma system with dual linear microwave generator is similar to that observed in the laboratory-scale ECR plasma system. The velocity distribution of active species near the substrate in the large-scale ECR plasma system showed a very similar pattern to that in the laboratory-scale ECR plasma system over a range of 1.5×10<sup>-2</sup> to 0.8×10<sup>-2</sup> m/s. The electrical resistivity and optical transmittance of FTO films deposited by a large-scale ECR plasma system using a dual microwave generator had respective values of 4.3×10<sup>-3</sup> ~ 9.18×10<sup>-3</sup> Ω ·cm and 86.5~88.2%.
Properties of Trapezoid Truth Values in Fuzzy Logic (1999)

本論文では, 区間真理値とファジィ真理値の中間的な真理値として, 台形によって表現される真理値(台形真理値と呼ぶ)を定義した.この真理値は, 台集合の両端と所属度が1になる区間の両端の4つの要素によって表現される.台形真理値に対して, 拡張原理により導かれる論理演算では演算として閉じたものにならないが, 本論文では新たに演算として閉じる論理演算(論理和, 論理積, 否定)を定義した.これらの論理演算と台形真理値によって構成される代数系が, 区間真理値と同じくド・モルガン代数をなしていることを示し, さらにクリーネ代数をなす為の必要十分条件を示した.最後に有限個の台形真理値と論理演算によって生成される台形真理値の集合に対する性質を明らかにし, 特に2個の生成元から生成される台形真理値の集合の最大の要素の数及び, 生成元がクリーネ代数を満たす場合の最大の要素数を明らかにした.
Development of a Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of Plasmodium falciparum , Plasmodium vivax , and Plasmodium ovale for Routine Clinical Diagnosis (2004)

ABSTRACT A TaqMan-based real-time PCR qualitative assay for the detection of three species of malaria parasites— Plasmodium falciparum , P. ovale , and P. vivax —was devised and evaluated using 122 whole-blood samples from patients who had traveled to areas where malaria is endemic and who presented with malaria-like symptoms and fever. The assay was compared to conventional microscopy and to an established nested-PCR assay. The specificity of the new assay was confirmed by sequencing the PCR products from all the positive samples and by the lack of cross-reactivity with Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania infantum DNA. Real-time PCR assay showed a detection limit (analytical sensitivity) of 0.7, 4, and 1.5 parasites/μl for P. falciparum , P. vivax , and P. ovale , respectively. Real-time PCR, like nested PCR, brought to light errors in the species identification by microscopic examination and revealed the presence of mixed infections ( P. falciparum plus P. ovale ). Real-time PCR can yield results within 2 h, does not require post-PCR processing, reduces sample handling, and minimizes the risks of contamination. The assay can therefore be easily implemented in routine diagnostic malaria tests. Future studies are warranted to investigate the clinical value of this technique.