gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The GLAM Airborne Campaign across the Mediterranean Basin (2017)

Abstract The Gradient in Longitude of Atmospheric Constituents above the Mediterranean Basin (GLAM) airborne campaign was set up to investigate the summertime variability of gaseous pollutants, greenhouse gases, and aerosols between the western (∼3°E) and eastern (∼35°E) sections of the Mediterranean basin as well as how this connects with the impact of the Asian monsoon anticyclone on the eastern Mediterranean in the mid- to upper troposphere (∼5–10 km). GLAM falls within the framework of the Chemistry–Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx) program. GLAM used the French Falcon-20 research aircraft to measure aerosols, humidity, and chemical compounds: ozone, carbon monoxide, methane, and carbon dioxide. GLAM took place between 6 and 10 August 2014, following a route from Toulouse (France) to Larnaca (Cyprus) and back again via Minorca (Spain), Lampedusa (Italy), and Heraklion (Crete, Greece). The aircraft flew at an altitude of 5 km on its outbound journey and 10 km on the return leg. GLAM also collected vertical profiles around the landing sites listed above. A combination of model outputs, chemical mapping analyses, and spaceborne and surface station measurements gathered prior to and during the campaign were used to interpret the in situ airborne measurements. The main outcome of this study is the impact of intercontinental transport on the longitudinal variability of pollutants, greenhouse gases, and aerosols at an altitude of 10 km. The eastern Mediterranean is affected by air masses from the Arabian Sea surface, and the western Mediterranean is impacted by air masses from North America (biomass burning) and West Africa (desert dust).
SINDBIS VIRUS INFECTION IN AUSTRALIA (1969)

A child with a febrile illness with vesicular rash showed serological evidence of infection with Sindbis virus. Sindbis virus has been shown to cause similar syndromes in Africa, and further assessment of its importance in human disease in Australia is suggested.
Readings in Database Systems (1988)

Readings in Database Systems, 3rd Edition is a compilation of papers exploring DBMS applications. Coverage spans the entire field of database, including relational implementation, transaction management, distributed database, parallel database, objects and databases, data analysis, and benchmarking.
A Bandwidth-Optimized Multi-core Architecture for Irregular Applications (2012)

This paper presents an architecture for high performance computing systems specifically targeted to irregular applications. We show how a multi-core paradigm can benefit from next-generation memories and networks, while still resorting to fine-grained multi-threading for latency tolerance. At the same time, we also show how such an architecture template must employ specific techniques to optimize bandwidth utilization and achieve better scalability, proposing a mechanism based on remote memory references aggregation. We explore the proposed architecture template, using a custom simulation infrastructure, and validate its performance with three typical irregular applications. Our experimental results show the benefits provided by the multi-core approach, in terms of improved scalability, and by the reference aggregation technique, in terms of contention reduction and bandwidth optimization. For a configuration with 32 nodes, 8 cores and 2 memory controllers per node, the proposed bandwidth optimization technique with the best parameters achieves from 1.20 to 2.15 times higher performance and a reduction of network traffic up to 34.7% with the considered applications.
OSU‐03012 and Viagra Treatment Inhibits the Activity of Multiple Chaperone Proteins and Disrupts the Blood–Brain Barrier: Implications for Anti‐Cancer Therapies (2015)

We examined the interaction between OSU-03012 (also called AR-12) with phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors to determine the role of the chaperone glucose-regulated protein (GRP78)/BiP/HSPA5 in the cellular response. Sildenafil (Viagra) interacted in a greater than additive fashion with OSU-03012 to kill stem-like GBM cells. Treatment of cells with OSU-03012/sildenafil: abolished the expression of multiple oncogenic growth factor receptors and plasma membrane drug efflux pumps and caused a rapid degradation of GRP78 and other HSP70 and HSP90 family chaperone proteins. Decreased expression of plasma membrane receptors and drug efflux pumps was dependent upon enhanced PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling and was blocked by GRP78 over-expression. In vivo OSU-03012/sildenafil was more efficacious than treatment with celecoxib and sildenafil at killing tumor cells without damaging normal tissues and in parallel reduced expression of ABCB1 and ABCG2 in the normal brain. The combination of OSU-03012/sildenafil synergized with low concentrations of sorafenib to kill tumor cells, and with lapatinib to kill ERBB1 over-expressing tumor cells. In multiplex assays on plasma and human tumor tissue from an OSU-03012/sildenafil treated mouse, we noted a profound reduction in uPA signaling and identified FGF and JAK1/2 as response biomarkers for potentially suppressing the killing response. Inhibition of FGFR signaling and to a lesser extent JAK1/2 signaling profoundly enhanced OSU-03012/sildenafil lethality.
Memory allocation for long-running server applications (1998)

Prior work on dynamic memory allocation has largely neglected long-running server applications, for example, web servers and mail servers. Their requirements differ from those of one-shot applications like compilers or text editors. We investigated how to build an allocator that is not only fast and memory efficient but also scales well on SMP machines. We found that it is not sufficient to focus on reducing lock contention - higher speedups require a reduction in cache misses and bus traffic. We then designed and prototyped a new allocator, called LKmalloc, targeted for both traditional applications and server applications. LKmalloc uses several subheaps, each one with a separate set of free lists and memory arena. A thread always allocates from the same subheap but can free a block belonging to any subheap. A thread is assigned to a subheap by hashing on its thread ID. WC compared its performance with several other allocators on a server-like, simulated workload and found that it indeed scales well and is quite fast hut memory more efficiently.
Differences in training responses on cycle and rowing Ergometers in collegiate women rowers (1989)

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the differences in exercise performance on the cycle and rowing ergometers associated with training in collegiate women rowers. We postulated that improvement in a nonspecific activity, such as cycling, would predominantly reflect training adaptations in the cardiovascular system, whereas physiological gains in rowing would represent combined cardiovascular and muscular adaptations. Seven members (mean ± SD: age = 20 ± 1 yr) of the women's varsity rowing team of Dartmouth College were tested at the start (November) and completion (May) of the training season. Incremental exercise testing was performed on successive days in random order on the cycle (Monark‐Crescent AB, Varberg, Sweden) and rowing (Concept II, Morrisville, VT) ergometers. After six months of training: 1) maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased significantly for both cycling (+6 percent) and rowing (+12 percent); and 2) oxygen consumption (VO2) at the ventilatory threshold (VT) increased significantly for both cycling (+5 percent) and rowing (+23 percent). Comparison of the absolute changes in VO2max and VO2(VT) showed that these physiological parameters increased significantly more for rowing than cycling (p < 0.05). We conclude that the increments in VO2max and VO2(VT) with training for competitive collegiate rowers reflect adaptations in both the cardiovascular and muscular systems. The greater physiological improvements with rowing compared to cycling presumably represent training‐induced changes in the specific muscles used in rowing. Comparative exercise testing may help to delineate possible specificity of training effects.
Topological defects in liquid crystals and molecular self-assembly (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Topological defects in liquid crystals (LCs) have been widely used to organize colloidal dispersions and template polymerizations, leading to a range of elastomers and gels with complex mechanical and optical properties. However, little is understood about molecular-level assembly processes within defects. This presentation will describe an experimental study that reveals that nanoscopic environments defined by LC topological defects can selectively trigger processes of molecular self-assembly. By using fluorescence microscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and super-resolution optical microscopy, key signatures of molecular self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules in topological defects are observed - including cooperativity, reversibility, and controlled growth of the molecular assemblies. By using polymerizable amphiphiles, we also demonstrate preservation of molecular assemblies templated by defects, including nanoscopic “o-rings” synthesized from “Saturn-ring” disclinations. Our results reveal that topological defects in LCs are a versatile class of three-dimensional, dynamic and reconfigurable templates that can direct processes of molecular self-assembly in a manner that is strongly analogous to other classes of macromolecular templates (e.g., polymer—surfactant complexes). Opportunities for the design of exquisitely responsive soft materials will be discussed using bacterial endotoxin as an example.
The corrosion of a steel surface by condensed films of sulphuric acid (1951)

Abstract An experimental technique is described which has been used to study the corrosion of a steel surface at elevated temperatures by condensed films of sulphuric acid. The results show that ( a ) the rate of corrosion of the steel increases with increasing sulphuric acid dew‐point, and ( b ) irrespective of the dew‐point temperature, the rate of corrosion reaches a maximum at a surface temperature of the steel lying between 20° and 45° c. below that of the dew‐point.
Distinct biological properties of human mesenchymal stem cells from different sources (2005)

Chaperonins have classically been thought of as intracellular molecules involved in the correct folding of proteins. Their expression is upregulated during times of stress such as heat (hence their common nomenclature as heat shock proteins [HSP]), anoxia, hypoglycaemia and reactive oxygen species [1]. These are conditions found in infected tissues or in tissues with chronic inflammation such as the rheumatoid synovium. In their intracellular location they protect the cell from apoptotic death due to stress. Increasingly chaperonins have been recognised to subserve extracellular functions for which they have received the name 'chaperokines' since they bind to specific receptors on the cell surface and activate cells of the innate immune system to secrete inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and small molecular weight mediators such as prostaglandins [2]. Indeed, an early event in inflammation is cell stress/necrosis leading to the release of HSP60 and HSP70 that binds via a CD14-mediated mechanism to Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 [2] as part of the 'danger' signal [3]. The secretion of tumour necrosis factor alpha, IL-1, IL-12 and other chemokines prepares the environment for a TH1 adaptive immune response. It is now recognised that some chaperonins, such as BiP and HSP27, may activate the innate immune system to secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 [4,5] that may skew the adaptive immune response to TH2. Recent work by our group has shown that BiP can not only prevent but also treat ongoing collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice [6], suggesting that chaperonins may down modulate ongoing TH1 responses. Thus, it may be possible to suppress rheumatoid inflammation by administration of appropriate chaperonins such as BiP. Finally, chaperonins may be important system regulators determining the outcome between TH1 and Th2 immune responses. References 1.
A semiparametric Bayesian approach for structural equation models (2010)

In the development of structural equation models (SEMs), observed variables are usually assumed to be normally distributed. However, this assumption is likely to be violated in many practical researches. As the non-normality of observed variables in an SEM can be obtained from either non-normal latent variables or non-normal residuals or both, semiparametric modeling with unknown distribution of latent variables or unknown distribution of residuals is needed. In this article, we find that an SEM becomes nonidentifiable when both the latent variable distribution and the residual distribution are unknown. Hence, it is impossible to estimate reliably both the latent variable distribution and the residual distribution without parametric assumptions on one or the other. We also find that the residuals in the measurement equation are more sensitive to the normality assumption than the latent variables, and the negative impact on the estimation of parameters and distributions due to the non-normality of residuals is more serious. Therefore, when there is no prior knowledge about parametric distributions for either the latent variables or the residuals, we recommend making parametric assumption on latent variables, and modeling residuals nonparametrically. We propose a semiparametric Bayesian approach using the truncated Dirichlet process with a stick breaking prior to tackle the non-normality of residuals in the measurement equation. Simulation studies and a real data analysis demonstrate our findings, and reveal the empirical performance of the proposed methodology. A free WinBUGS code to perform the analysis is available in Supporting Information.
Double Wall Cooling of a Full-Coverage Effusion Plate With Main Flow Pressure Gradient, Including Internal Impingement Array Cooling (2018)

The present study provides new effusion cooling data for both the surfaces of the full-coverage effusion cooling plate. For the effusion-cooled surface, presented are spatially resolved distributions of surface adiabatic film cooling effectiveness and surface heat transfer coefficients (measured using transient techniques and infrared thermography). For the impingement-cooled surface, presented are spatially resolved distributions of surface Nusselt numbers (measured using steady-state liquid crystal thermography). To produce this cool-side augmentation, impingement jet arrays at different jet Reynolds numbers, from 2720 to 11,100, are employed. Experimental data are given for a sparse effusion hole array, with spanwise and streamwise impingement hole spacing such that coolant jet hole centerlines are located midway between individual effusion hole entrances. Considered are the initial effusion blowing ratios from 3.3 to 7.5, with subsonic, incompressible flow. The velocity of the freestream flow which is adjacent to the effusion-cooled boundary layer is increasing with streamwise distance, due to a favorable streamwise pressure gradient. Such variations are provided by a main flow passage contraction ratio CR of 4. Of particular interest are effects of impingement jet Reynolds number, effusion blowing ratio, and streamwise development. Also, included are comparisons of impingement jet array cooling results with: (i) results associated with crossflow supply cooling with CR = 1 and CR = 4 and (ii) results associated with impingement supply cooling with CR = 1, when the mainstream pressure gradient is near zero. Overall, the present results show that, for the same main flow Reynolds number, approximate initial blowing ratio, and streamwise location, significantly increased thermal protection is generally provided when the effusion coolant is provided by an array of impingement cooling jets, compared to a crossflow coolant supply.
Mathematical Modelling the Low-Pressure Nitriding Process (2013)

This paper discusses the issues of modelling and smart computer support for low-pressure nitriding aimed at achieving more effectively the compatibility between the actual post-treatment properties of a material and the designed properties, which will contribute to improved repeatability of the processes. The principal objective of the experiment was to acquire better understanding of the cause and effect relationship of the low-pressure nitriding processes and to develop the methodology of designing functional and effective processes of low-pressure thermochemical treatment, using effective computational methods. The paper proposes a method of steel classification based on its chemical composition and a model used to forecast the properties of material after low-pressure nitriding, based on the artificial neural networks.
New cogging-torque reduction method for brushless permanent-magnet motors (2003)

We present a new design method for reducing cogging torque in brushless permanent-magnet (PM) motors. In our method, the auxiliary slots are put on the pole face of the magnetizing yoke, which results in a not fully magnetized zone (NFMZ) at the PM. Through Fourier expansion of the field and armature functions, the position and shape of the NFMZ that eliminate the cogging torque are found. In an example, we discuss the effectiveness and applicability of the new method.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Effect of Ring Size in the Cyclization of Carbonyl and Vinyl Radicals onto Alkenes. (1987)

Abstract Treatment of the bromoalkenyl silylalkynyl ether (Ia) with tributyltin hydride under radicalic conditions yields only the debrominated product (Ib) and not the desired pyran derivative (II).
Dipolar Spin Correlations in Classical Pyrochlore Magnets (2004)

We study spin correlations for the highly frustrated classical pyrochlore lattice antiferromagnets with O(N) symmetry in the limit T-->0. We conjecture that a local constraint obeyed by the extensively degenerate ground states dictates a dipolar form for the asymptotic spin correlations, at all N not equal 2 for which the system is paramagnetic down to T=0. We verify this conjecture in the cases N=1 and N=3 by simulations and to all orders in the 1/N expansion about the solvable N=infinity limit. Remarkably, the N=infinity formulas are an excellent fit, at all distances, to the correlators at N=3 and even at N=1. Thus we obtain a simple analytical expression also for the correlations of the equivalent models of spin ice and cubic water ice, Ic.
Cover Image (2021)

The cover image is based on the Review Article Spectrum of clinical applications of interlead ECG heterogeneity assessment: From myocardial ischemia detection to sudden cardiac death risk stratification by Richard L. Verrier, Bruce D. Nearing, and Andre D'Avila., https://doi.org/10.1111/anec.12894. [Image: see text]
Simplified algorithms for adaptive experiment design in parameter estimation (2022)

In experiments to estimate parameters of a parametric model, Bayesian experiment design allows measurement settings to be chosen based on utility, which is the predicted improvement of parameter distributions due to modeled measurement results. In this paper we compare information-theory-based utility with three alternative utility algorithms. Tests of these utility alternatives in simulated adaptive measurements demonstrate large improvements in computational speed with slight impacts on measurement efficiency.
Optical Systems for in Vivo Molecular Imaging of Cancer (2003)

Progress toward a molecular characterization of cancer would have important clinical benefits; thus, there is an important need to image the molecular features of cancer in vivo. In this paper, we describe a comprehensive strategy to develop inexpensive, rugged and portable optical imaging systems for molecular imaging of cancer, which couples the development of optically active contrast agents with advances in functional genomics of cancer. We describe initial results obtained using optically active contrast agents to image the expression of three well known molecular signatures of neoplasia: including over expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), matrix metallo-proteases (MMPs), and oncoproteins associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. At the same time, we are developing inexpensive, portable optical systems to image the morphologic and molecular signatures of neoplasia noninvasively in real time. These real-time, portable, inexpensive systems can provide tools to characterize the molecular features of cancer in vivo.
Fabrication Of High Aluminum Content Mg Alloys Using A Horizontal Twin Roll Caster (2012)

This study was aimed for investigating of manufacturing high aluminum content Mg alloys using a horizontal twin roll caster. Recently, weight saving has been key issues for lighter transport equipments as well as electronic component parts. As alternative materials to aluminum alloys, developing magnesium alloy with higher strength has been expected. Normally high Aluminum content Mg alloy has poor ductility and is difficult to be rolled because of its high strength. However, twin roll casting process is suitable for manufacturing wrought Mg alloys because materials can be cast directly from molten metal. In this study, manufacturing of high aluminum content magnesium alloy sheet using the roll casting process has been carried out. Effects of manufacturing parameter, such as roll velocity, pouring temperature and roll gap, on casting was investigated. A microscopic observation of the crystals of cross section of as cast strip as well as rolled strip was conducted.
A Generic Referenceless Phase Combination (GRPC) Method: Application at High and Ultra-High Fields (2015)

Phase imaging is especially important at high to ultra high fields to both map local field inhomogeneities and highlight important anatomical structures. Obtaining a proper coherent phase image from the combination of multiple receiver coils, however, is challenging. Here, we introduce a generic referenceless phase combination approach able to eliminate most artifacts in phase imaging without the need of a special acquisition protocol or geometric assumptions for the coils.
Terrestrial laser scanner to detect landslide displacement fields: a new approach (2007)

A terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) allows the generation of a detailed model of a landslide surface. In this way, when two or more georeferenced models obtained by multi‐temporal scans are available, the landslide displacement field can be computed. Nevertheless, such a computation is a relatively complex task because the recognition of correspondences among the multi‐temporal models is required. The Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm allows the alignment of two 3D objects having a common part by iterative shape matching. A new method for the automatic calculation of a landslide displacement field is presented here. It is based on a piecewise application of the ICP algorithm and is made possible by the robustness of this algorithm against noise and small morphological modifications. After a series of numerical experimentations, this method was successfully applied to two test sites located in the North‐Eastern Italian Alps affected by high‐risk landslides of the slump type (Perarolo di Cadore and Lamosano) with very different observational conditions.