gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Value of Demand Information in Omni-Channel Grocery Retailing (2019)

As e-commerce reaches one of the last strongholds of traditional fulfillment, how can grocers leverage the omni-channel trend and stay competitive in today's changing market landscape? To improve operating outcomes and address food waste concerns, this study investigates various scenarios in which the grocery retailer accepts online orders in advance. We examine the value of advance demand information through a Markov Decision Process-based model, in terms of changes to expected profits, outdating, freshness, and several inventory and service performance metrics.
Estimating the number of components of a multicomponent nonstationary signal using the short-term time-frequency Rényi entropy (2011)

The time-frequency Rényi entropy provides a measure of complexity of a nonstationary multicomponent signal in the time-frequency plane. When the complexity of a signal corresponds to the number of its components, then this information is measured as the Rényi entropy of the time-frequency distribution (TFD) of the signal. This article presents a solution to the problem of detecting the number of components that are present in short-time interval of the signal TFD, using the short-term Rényi entropy. The method is automatic and it does not require a prior information about the signal. The algorithm is applied on both synthetic and real data, using a quadratic separable kernel TFD. The results confirm that the short-term Rényi entropy can be an effective tool for estimating the local number of components present in the signal. The key aspect of selecting a suitable TFD is also discussed.
Cloning, chromosomal location, and characterization of mouse E2F1. (1994)

E2F has been implicated in growth control because of its association with the retinoblastoma protein and the presence of E2F binding sites in the promoters of several growth-regulated genes. Proteins that bind to an E2F site have been cloned from human and mouse cells. However, these two proteins (human E2F1 and mouse DP-1) are quite different in sequence. We have now cloned a mouse cDNA encoding a protein 86% identical to the human E2F1 protein. The mouse E2F1 cDNA encodes a 430-amino-acid protein with a predicted molecular weight of 46,322 and detects mRNAs of 2.7 and 2.2 kb. Using primers complementary to sequences in the mouse E2F1 3' untranslated region, we mapped the mouse E2F1 gene to chromosome 2, near the Agouti and c-src loci. To understand the role of the different E2F family members in the growth of mouse NIH 3T3 cells, we examined the levels of E2F1 and DP-1 mRNAs in different stages of the cell cycle. Since the levels of E2F1 but not DP-1 mRNA correlated with changes in transcription from the dhfr promoter, we examined whether E2F1 could activate various growth-regulated promoters. We found that E2F1 could activate some (dhfr, thymidine kinase, and DNA polymerase alpha) but not all (thymidylate synthase, cad, and c-myc) of these promoters. On the basis of changes in levels of E2F1 and its ability to transactivate growth-regulated promoters, we propose that E2F1 may mediate growth factor-initiated signal transduction.
Effects of message order and active participation on vaccine risk communication (2021)

Abstract Background “Message order” and “active participation” could be effective as risk communication methods. “Anticipated regret” (AR) has also been recognized as affecting risk perception and vaccine uptake in vaccination risk communication. We aimed to evaluate the effects of message order and active participation and the interactions between these two interventions on AR for vaccination. Methods We conducted a 2 (message order: positive‐negative or negative‐positive) × 2 (message calendar: with or without planning) factorial design study among 81 study participants. The effects of message order and active participation of mothers, using a message calendar, were evaluated on mothers’ decision‐making regarding vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for their children. Participants completed questionnaires to evaluate the AR of infection if unvaccinated (anticipated regret of inaction) and of side effects if vaccinated (anticipated regret of action, ARA) twice: immediately after interventions and 1 month later. Results An interaction between message order and active participation was significant with regard to anticipated regret of inaction immediately after interventions ( P = 0.01), but this effect disappeared 1 month after interventions. The message order showed no main effect with regard to ARA. However, the main effect of active participation was marginally significant with regard to ARA 1 month after intervention ( P = 0.09); AR over vaccine side effects was lower when vaccination was planned than in the condition without planning. Conclusions The effect of message order was hardly detectable in a clinical setting. However, active participation induced by planning may affect AR. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of active participation in decision‐making for vaccination.
Reactivity of organosilicon precursors in remote hydrogen microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide and silicon carbonitride thin‐film coatings (2009)

Abstract A number of organosilicon precursors for silicon carbide and silicon carbonitride thin‐film coatings, such as silanes, carbosilanes, aminosilanes, and disilazane, respectively, were characterized in terms of their reactivity in a remote microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition process, which was induced using hydrogen as plasma generating gas. The process displayed high selectivity with respect to the activating species and the chemical bonds in the molecular structure of the precursors. In view of very short life times of excited hydrogen plasma species the activation step takes place with an exclusive contribution of ground‐state hydrogen atoms. The CH, CC, SiC, SiN, CN and NH bonds present in the molecules of the precursors are non‐reactive and only the SiH or SiSi bonds play a key role in the activation step. The reactivity of the precursors was characterized in a quantitative way by the yield of the film growth parameter. The yield parameter expressing the mass of film per unit mass of the precursor fed to the reactor was calculated from the slopes of linear plots of time dependencies of film mass and precursor mass, which were determined for each investigated precursor. The reactivity of the precursors was found to be strongly dependent on the number of the SiH units present in their molecules and those containing two SiH units appeared to be most reactive. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Numerical Investigation of SAGD Process Using a Single Horizontal Well (1998)

Abstract Recently several articles have been published regarding the innovation and field applications of the Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage (SAGD) process using a single horizontal well for the recovery of heavy oil. In the process, an insulated concentric coiled tubing, inserted into the horizontal wellbore, injects high quality steam to the toe of the well. The steam condensate and reservoir fluids enter the wellbore and flow back along the annulus to the heel to be produced. There remain some arguments on whether the SAGD mechanism is working in field operations, and on what oil rates can be achieved in the long run. In an attempt to answer these questions, numerical simulation studies were pursued in the present work. The studies focused on three major aspects: (1) the possible counter-current fluid exchange pattern between the reservoir and the well; (2) the means that could be exploited to promote the initiation of a steam chamber; and (3) the potential oil rates that could be expected under possible field operating conditions. The results showed that the presence of small capillary pressure near a horizontal wellbore is a physical constraint preventing counter-current exchange of steam and oil. It was also demonstrated that vertical undulation in well-profile or a certain level of formation dilation around the wellbore could potentially overcome the capillary pressure constraint and promote the initiation of a steam chamber under field operating conditions.
Transglutaminase 2 Overexpression in Tumor Stroma Identifies Invasive Ductal Carcinomas of Breast at High Risk of Recurrence (2013)

Accumulation of TG2 in tumor stroma is an independent risk factor for identifying breast cancer patients at high risk of recurrence. TG2 overexpression in tumor stroma may serve as a predictor of poor prognosis for IDC of the breast.
A Turbidity Comparator (1942)

An a.c. operated photoelectric turbidity comparator which has been found useful in assaying physiologically active substances by measuring the growth of micro-organisms is described. A special feature is that the power supply for both the amplifier and the light source is electronically stabilized.
Study of PD-L1 Expression in Tumours Based on Site and Histology of Tumour – The Experience of a Tertiary Referral Laboratory (2023)

Background: PD-L1 IHC test is used as a predictive biomarker using FDA-approved assays to select patients likely to benefit from immunotherapy in several advanced-stage tumors. We aim to present our data regarding the prevalence and expression pattern of PD-L1 across various tumors based on site and histology and compare them with those of the reported literature. Material and Methods: A retrospective study of 301 cases of various tumors at different sites was done for PD-L1 IHC using the 22С3 pharmDx assay on the recommended platform.Results: Out of 237 non small cell lung carcinoma cases, 14.7% were squamous and 85.2% were of nonsquamous histotype, with adenocarcinomas comprising the majority (82.2%). Fifty-seven percent of non small cell lung carcinoma was PD-L1 positive, 28.6% showed high expression. Sixty percent of the squamous and 56.4% of the non-squamous histotypes showed positive immunoexpression. Amongst non-squamous types, 56.4% of adenocarcinomas and 66.6% of sarcomatoid carcinomas were positive. At metastatic sites, 54.3% of on small cell lung carcinoma were positive. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the majority (10/11) of cases were from the oral cavity; 81.8% of total cases were positive, 27.2% were strong expressors. For other sites, the number of cases showing PD-L1 immunopositivity is as follows: oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2/6), gastric adenocarcinoma (2/6), triple negative breast carcinoma (0/3), urothelial carcinoma (2/5), gall bladder (2/5), pancreatico-biliary (2/11), and colorectal (2/17) adenocarcinomas. In these tumors, PD-L1 immunoexpression did not differ significantly by age or gender. Conclusion: Our study showed PD-L1 immunopositivity in 57% of non small cell lung carcinoma and 81.8% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, which is comparable to international studies. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to see their expression pattern in tumors at other sites and with different histologies.
Dibromobis(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)thorium(IV) (1997)

The title compound, [ThBr2(η5-C10H15)2] or Cp*2ThBr2 [Cp* = η5-C5(CH3)5], presents a pseudo-tetrahedral `bent-metallocene' geometry in the solid state, with the Th atom binding to two pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligands and two bromide ligands. The Th–Br bond length is 2.800 (2) Å, whereas the Th–C distances are in the range 2.77 (1)–2.782 (9) Å.
A Pilot Study of All- trans -Retinoic Acid for the Treatment of Human Emphysema (2002)

Emphysema results from progressive destruction of alveolar septae and was considered irreversible until all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) was shown to reverse anatomic and physiologic signs of emphysema in a rat model. To evaluate the feasibility of ATRA as a clinical therapy, 20 patients with severe emphysema were enrolled into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Participants included 16 male and 4 female former smokers, two with alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency. Patients were treated with either 3 mo of ATRA (50 mg/m(2)/d) or 3 mo of placebo, followed by a 3-mo crossover phase. Plasma drug levels were followed and outcome measures included serial pulmonary function tests, blood gases, lung compliance, computed tomography (CT) imaging, and quality of life questionnaires. In general, treatment was well tolerated and associated with only mild side effects including skin changes, transient headache, hyperlipidemia, transaminites, and musculoskeletal pains. Plasma drug levels varied considerably between subjects and decreased significantly over time in 35% of the participants. Physiologic and CT measurements did not change appreciably in response to therapy. We conclude that ATRA is well tolerated in patients with emphysema, and trials evaluating higher doses, longer treatment, or different dosing schedules are feasible.
A Role for Pancreatic Polypeptide in the Regulation of Gastric Emptying and Short-Term Metabolic Control (2005)

PP inhibits gastric emptying of solid food and delays the postprandial rise in plasma glucose and insulin. PP is suggested to have a physiological role in the pancreatic postprandial counterregulation of gastric emptying and insulin secretion.
Analyses of imaging performance degradation caused by birefringence residual in lens materials (2002)

Influences of stress birefringence residual in lens elements of high-resolution projection optics are investigated based on a partially coherent imaging formula that has been modified to incorporate the change of the polarization state by birefringence. Birefringent properties are represented by two-dimensional distribution functions with respect to magnitude and fast-axis direction, and they are determined using random numbers to reproduce actual distributions observed in such materials as calcium fluoride. By repeating calculations using lens data created with different sets of random numbers, the degree of imaging performance degradation is analyzed statistically in terms of the magnitude of birefringence in each lens element, the number of lens element composing a projection lens, and the randomness of fast-axis distributions. It is found that the image contrast for a five-bar line/space pattern decreases squarely proportional to the magnitude, whereas the value decreases linearly proportional to the element number. The influence of randomness is understood in relation to image formations through random phase media.
Technology Assisted Science, Engineering And Mathematics (Tasem) Education At All Levels Using K Ph.D. Concept (2020)

Although United States is the world leader in a number of technological innovations, other countries are increasingly challenging this leadership by introducing science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education with greater depth of knowledge at the grass root level (elementary and middle schools). For example, in contrast to the emphasis on earth and bio sciences in the US elementary and middle schools, more emphasis on the physics teaching in elementary and middle schools in some Asian countries may be related to high math and science scores in those countries. Whether this is an indication that an early physics education enhances logical thinking boosting math skills seems logical but needs to be investigated.
Optical Beam Quality in Free-Electron Lasers (2009)

The mode quality of the output of free-electron lasers (FELs) is near the diffraction limit. In this paper, we analyze the optical mode quality in FELs using the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> parameter, which is a measure of the size and divergence of the optical beam. We calculate <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in two ways: 1) by a direct integration over the transverse mode structure and 2) by allowing the mode to expand beyond the wiggler and analyzing the divergence. A numerical analysis is conducted using the MEDUSA simulation code that shows that <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , as expected, is near unity at saturation but increases with the higher order mode content if the interaction proceeds past saturation.
The Neutral Detergent Fiber, Acid Detergent Fiber, Crude Fiber, and Lignin Contents of Distillers’ Dried Grains with Solubles (1987)

ABSTRACT Distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) were prepared from two cultivars of soft white winter wheat, a blend of red wheats and corn. DDGS made from the three whole wheat grains and corn contained, on a dry weight basis, 30–55% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 10–14% acid detergent fiber, 7–9% crude fiber, and 2–4% lignin, an increase of 3–4 times over that contained in the unconverted whole grains. The significantly higher concentration of DDGS NDF isolated without sodium sulfite (vs with sodium sulfite) in the detergent solution was not due entirely to increased levels of residual protein.
Abstract 5066: Genome sequence and epigenome map of bladder cancer development from occult field effects (2012)

Abstract We are pursuing a unique strategy to identify early events in bladder cancer development by the genome-wide analysis of somatic changes in tissues from resected bladders and characterized pathologically as urothelial carcinoma. We then extend this analysis into precursor intraurothelial lesions and normal tissue. Here we report on the construction of a high resolution whole-organ histologic and genetic map of bladder cancer development that tracks its progression from in situ precursor conditions to invasive clinically aggressive cancer using total genome and exome sequencing and complemented with HumanOmni 2.5-8 v1 SNP-based Illumina genotyping, combined with CpG island methylation and cDNA microarray platforms derived from 12 whole-organ cystectomy specimens with invasive urothelial carcinoma. This approach provided a high resolution integrated map of structural genome, epigenome, and transcriptome alterations that parallel the development of bladder cancer from early field effects to invasive disease. By analyzing genome-wide patterns of structural genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptome changes, we found three major waves of alterations associated with growth advantage of successive clones reflecting a stepwise conversion of normal urothelial cells into cancer cells. This approach is significant for the identification of specific chromosomal regions as well as epigenetically and transcriptionally modified gene ontologies involved in early clonal expansion of intraurothelial neoplasia and their clonal evolution to carcinoma in situ progressing to invasive cancer. These studies suggest involvement of specific gene networks in early clonal expansion of intraurothelial neoplasia antecedent to microscopically recognizable precursor lesions such as dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. This map represents a prerequisite for specific studies on the mechanisms of incipient phases of bladder cancer development and should have a significant impact on the understanding of human carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5066. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5066
Intravesical treatment with cis-urocanic acid improves bladder function in rat model of acute bladder inflammation (2015)

Intravesical administration of cis-UCA was able to partially recover bladder function impaired by chemical irritation. Cis-UCA may offer a novel intravesical treatment option in some inflammatory conditions of the bladder. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:786-791, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Allenyl Sulfones and Allenyl Sulfides in the Synthesis of 3‐Pyrrolines. A Novel Nucleophilic [3 + 2] Cycloaddition on Allenyl Sulfones Giving Rearranged Cycloadducts. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Differences in TCR repertoire and T cell activation underlie the divergent outcomes of antitumor immune responses in tumor-eradicating versus tumor-progressing hosts (2021)

We reveal that intrinsic differences in the TCR repertoire of TILs and their different transcriptional trajectories may underlie the heterogeneous antitumor immune responses in different hosts. We suggest that antitumor immune responses are highly individualized and different hosts employ different TCR specificities against the same tumors, which may have important implications for developing personalized cancer immunotherapy.
Dietary chromium picolinate additions improve gain:feed and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs and increase litter size in reproducing sows (1995)

Growth trials were conducted to determine the effects of Cr as chromium picolinate at various protein levels on performance of growing pigs. The effects of continued supplementation on sow fecundity and body weight changes through two parities also were examined. In Trial 1, 48 crossbred pigs (40.9 kg initial weight) were assigned to one of three diets (0, 250, or 500 ppb of added Cr). The only observed difference was an overall trend for an improvement in gain:feed when Cr was added to the diet (P < .10). In Trial 2, 105 crossbred pigs (14.5 kg initial weight) were assigned to one of seven treatments involving a combination of two factors: 1) lysine level at 100 or 120% of NRC (1988) requirement estimate and 2) added Cr level (0, 100, 200, 500, or 1,000 ppb). A Cr x lysine interaction (P < .02) for gain:feed existed that demonstrated that the addition of 200 ppb of Cr resulted in improved gain:feed at the 100% of requirement lysine level but not at the 120% of requirement lysine level. The addition of 200 ppb Cr also reduced backfat (P < .04) and increased longissimus muscle area (P < .04) regardless of lysine level in the diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Thermal Assessment Of Outer Rotor Direct Drive Gearless Small-Scale Wind Turbines (2015)

This paper investigates the thermal issue of permanent magnet synchronous generator which is frequently used in direct drive gearless small-scale wind turbine applications. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) is designed with 2.5 kW continuous and 6 kW peak power. Then considering generator geometry, mechanical design of wind turbine is performed. Thermal analysis and optimization is carried out considering all wind turbine components to reach realistic results. This issue is extremely important in research and development (R&amp;D) process for wind turbine applications.
How Can Entrepreneurs Motivate Crowdsourcing Participants? (2013)

IntroductionWhen starting up a company, technology entrepreneurs face significant challenges, such as limited funding, lack of resources, and a broad range of difficult technical issues. Access to local funding can be difficult and restrictive. Finding resources on a limited budget can be challenging. Seeking solutions to that last unique technical issue preventing