gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Low-Overhead, Fully-Distributed, Guaranteed-Delivery Routing Algorithm for Faulty Network-on-Chips (2015)

This paper introduces a new, practical routing algorithm, Maze-routing, to tolerate faults in network-on-chips. The algorithm is the first to provide all of the following properties at the same time: 1) fully-distributed with no centralized component, 2) guaranteed delivery (it guarantees to deliver packets when a path exists between nodes, or otherwise indicate that destination is unreachable, while being deadlock and livelock free), 3) low area cost, 4) low reconfiguration overhead upon a fault. To achieve all these properties, we propose Maze-routing, a new variant of face routing in on-chip networks and make use of deflections in routing. Our evaluations show that Maze-routing has 16X less area overhead than other algorithms that provide guaranteed delivery. Our Maze-routing algorithm is also high performance: for example, when up to 5 links are broken, it provides 50% higher saturation throughput compared to the state-of-the-art.
A Robust Two-View Method for Increasing the Imaging Depth and Correcting for Signal Attenuation in Confocal Microscope Images (2000)

Abstract Confocal Microscopy is now an essential, and widely used tool for biological research. Particularly valuable is its ability to image thick sections of intact tissue. A compelling need in this field is to improve the imaging depth, as well as quantitative accuracy, and minimize the possibility of missing important structures/phenomena due to attenuation of the imaging signal. Previous methods work by amplifying the signal from deeper parts of the specimen. In these methods, amplification of noise is an unavoidable artifact. We describe a novel method that not only corrects confocal stacks for attenuation without noise amplification, but also enhances the achievable imaging depth. Interestingly, it does not require explicit estimation of the extinction factor, It relies on a synergistic combination of specimen preparation and image reconstruction algorithms. The key idea is to image the specimen from two angles (Fig. 1), separated by 180° and then to reconstruct the complete thick image using computational methods.
The Identification and Classification of Unknown Words in Chinese : A N-Grams-Based Approach (1995)

In this paper, we propose a new approach to identify unknown words in Chinese. This approach adopts an n-grams program to sort out the collocating word / character sequences which are possible words and phrases in Chinese. In addition to proposing the criteria for identifying Chinese new words, was also classify these new words according to their structural and semantic characteristics. The corpus-based approach in identifying Chinese disyllabic words based on mutual information was first studied by Sproat and Shih [1]. The attempt here is to identify Chinese unknown words by collocations. Collocations are sequences of words that tend to appear together. In this paper we describe a set of techniques based on statistical methods for retrieving and identifying unknown words from a Chinese corpus. Here unknown words refer to words that are not included in the 90,000 entries CKIP Electronic Dictionary developed at Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica. The results retrieved by the n-grams program will be crucial information for updating dictionaries. The n-grams program locates words in context and makes statistical observations to identify collocations. It produces a wide range of collocations which can be further sub-classified as abbreviational words, derived words, proper names, new words, ambiguous words, and collocating strings. The effectiveness of the n-grams program as a retrieval tool for unknown words is measured and evaluated.
Transfer of Ho Endonuclease and Ufo1 to the Proteasome by the UbL-UbA Shuttle Protein, Ddi1, Analysed by Complex Formation In Vitro (2012)

The F-box protein, Ufo1, recruits Ho endonuclease to the SCF(Ufo1) complex for ubiquitylation. Both ubiquitylated Ho and Ufo1 are transferred by the UbL-UbA protein, Ddi1, to the 19S Regulatory Particle (RP) of the proteasome for degradation. The Ddi1-UbL domain binds Rpn1 of the 19S RP, the Ddi1-UbA domain binds ubiquitin chains on the degradation substrate. Here we used complex reconstitution in vitro to identify stages in the transfer of Ho and Ufo1 from the SCF(Ufo1) complex to the proteasome. We report SCF(Ufo1) complex at the proteasome formed in the presence of Ho. Subsequently Ddi1 is recruited to this complex by interaction between the Ddi1-UbL domain and Ufo1. The core of Ddi1 binds both Ufo1 and Rpn1; this interaction confers specificity of SCF(Ufo1) for Ddi1. The substrate-shield model predicts that Ho would protect Ufo1 from degradation and we find that Ddi1 binds Ho, Ufo1, and Rpn1 simultaneously forming a complex for transfer of Ho to the 19S RP. In contrast, in the absence of Ho, Rpn1 displaces Ufo1 from Ddi1 indicating a higher affinity of the Ddi1-UbL for the 19S RP. However, at high Rpn1 levels there is synergistic binding of Ufo1 to Ddi1 that is dependent on the Ddi1-UbA domain. Our interpretation is that in the absence of substrate, the Ddi1-UbL binds Rpn1 while the Ddi1-UbA binds ubiquitin chains on Ufo1. This would promote degradation of Ufo1 and disassembly of SCF(Ufo1) complexes.
Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients with Anatomical and Clinical High-Risk Characteristics: Long-Term Efficacy and Safety (2011)

Our study suggests that transcatheter PFO closure is a safe procedure even in a selected population of high-risk patients, presenting satisfactory efficacy and safety. The presence of a prominent EV alone or with ASA correlates positively with the occurrence of residual shunt.
Bombesin inhibits insulin release from isolated pancreatic islets of rats in vitro. (1978)

The effect of bombesin on insulin release from isolated pancreatic islets of rats was examined in vitro. Bombesin, at the doses ranging from 10 ng/ml to 1 microgram/ml, significantly inhibited 16.7 mM glucose-induced insulin release, while bombesin had no inhibitory effect on insulin release at 8.3 mM and 3.3 mM glucose. Moreover, bombesin also suppressed insulin release elicited by 10 mM arginine at the doses of 100 ng/ml and 1 microgram/ml. These results indicate that bombesin has a direct inhibitory action on insulin release.
La relación entre el exceso de confianza y los accidentes laborales en trabajadores de la construcción: un estudio cualitativo (2011)

El objetivo de este estudio consiste en analizar las diferentes percepciones sobre las causas psicosociales de los accidentes laborales en el sector de la construccion, como por ejemplo, un exceso de confianza. El metodo que se ha empleado, durante la investigacion, se ha basado en un sistema cualitativo de los datos, mediante una un analisis categorico del contenido de una Mesa Redonda o Focus Group formada por quince expertos en prevencion de riesgos laborales, concretamente del sector de la construccion, junto a siete entrevistas individuales realizadas a especialistas de este sector. Los resultados muestran que existe un consenso general sobre las principales causas de los accidentes: la sobreconfianza y el riesgo fisico, percibido mas como un reto que como un peligro. Por lo tanto, las conclusiones apuntan a que esa valoracion sobre la confianza y el riesgo, que no siempre se ajusta adecuadamente a la realidad, podria ser la clave que determinase el futuro de la prevencion de accidentes en un sector tan complejo como es el de la construccion.
Determination of the Interlaminar Tensile and Shear Strength of Woven Grass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composite Laminates (2019)

Fiber reinforced plastic composite materials are most frequently used as laminated structures. A major disadvantage of composite laminates is the high susceptibility to interlaminar failure due to the lack of through-thickness reinforcement. Hence, the through-thickness characterization of the composite laminates is necessary for adequate and reliable structural design, and characterizing the both through-thickness tensile and shear behavior of the composite laminates is challenging. In this study, we investigated the combined interlaminar tensile and shear behavior of woven glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite laminates. We carried out the combined interlaminar tensile and shear tests with cross specimens in various stacking angles (30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) at room temperature (RT) and evaluated the combined interlaminar tensile and shear properties of the woven GFRP composite laminates. The results showed that the cross specimens were fractured along the stacking angle. In addition, the optical microscopy observation revealed the failure characteristics of the woven GFRP composite laminates. Finally, the failure conditions of the specimen were compared with the stress distribution calculated by a three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA).
Efficient Methods for Unsupervised Learning of Probabilistic Models (2012)

In this thesis I develop a variety of techniques to train, evaluate, and sample from intractable and high dimensional probabilistic models. Abstract exceeds arXiv space limitations -- see PDF.
Antisite disorder driven spontaneous exchange bias effect in La2−xSrxCoMnO6(0  ⩽  x  ⩽  1) (2016)

Doping at the rare-earth site by divalent alkaline-earth ions in perovskite lattice has witnessed a variety of magnetic and electronic orders with spatially correlated charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom. Here, we report an antisite disorder driven spontaneous exchange bias effect as a result of hole carrier (Sr(2+)) doping in La(2-x)Sr(x)CoMnO6 (0 < x < 1) double perovskites. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy have evidenced an increase in disorder with the increase of Sr content up to x = 0.5 and thereby a decrease from x = 0.5 to 1. X-ray absorption spectroscopy has revealed that only Co is present in the mixed valence of Co(2+) and Co(3+) states with Sr doping to compensate the charge neutrality. Magnetotransport is strongly correlated with the increase of antisite disorder. The antisite disorder at the B-site interrupts the long-range ferromagnetic order by introducing various magnetic interactions and instigates reentrant glassy dynamics, phase separation and canted type antiferromagnetic behavior with the decrease of temperature. This leads to a novel magnetic microstructure with unidirectional anisotropy that causes a spontaneous exchange bias effect that can be tuned with the amount of antisite disorder.
Dibasic Acids Containing Ether Linkages. V. (1975)

This report relates to the detergency building action of organic acids containing ether linkages. The authors synthesized two series of oxamonobasic acids, i.e. alkyloxyacetic acids and 3-alkyloxypropionic acids, two kinds of oxatribasic acids, i.e. 2-oxapentane-1, 5, 5-tricarboxylic acid and 3-oxahexane-1, 6, 6-tricarboxylic acid, and alkylated oxadibasic acids, i.e. 1, 2-dicarboxymethoxyalkane. The building performances of the sodium salts of these acids compared with those of disodium oxadiacetate and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) using alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS).The detergency tests were carried out on naturally soiled cotton fabrics and the detergency powers were evaluated by Scheffe's method.From Table-13 and Table-14, it is evident that in low molecular organic electrolytes, the destinction among oxamono-, oxadi- and oxatribasic acids is not clear, but the acid which has the minor molecular weight per carboxyl radical tends to exhibit better detergency building performance. On the other hand, much better detergency performance can be expected by the introduction of long chain group to oxamonobasic acid such as dodecyloxyacetic and 3-dodecyloxypropionic acids. This might be due to the synergism with LAS and dodecyloxyacetic and dodecyloxypropionic acids in their detergency.
Racial and Economic Disparity and the Treatment of Pediatric Fractures (2005)

Disparity in the treatment of various medical conditions in patient groups with differing racial and economic backgrounds has increasingly been reported. This paper examines the relationship between baseline racial and economic factors and the treatment of pediatric long-bone fractures. The 2000 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Kid's Inpatient Database (KID) was used to retrospectively examine the incidence and treatment of pediatric fractures. Data were included for supracondylar humerus (n = 2,957), femoral shaft (n = 1,726) or radius and ulna forearm fracture (n = 828) as their primary diagnosis were studied. Hispanic (78%) and black (82%) patients were more likely to receive closed reduction with internal fixation (percutaneous pinning) of supracondylar humerus fractures than whites (73%, P = 0.02). Despite a fairly large sample size, differences in treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures across primary payer or income groups were not statistically significant. Patients with femur fractures and private insurance were more likely to be treated with an external fixation device (7.2%) than patients in the Medicaid (3.8%) or self-pay (4.5%) groups (P = 0.015). No statistically significant difference was found in the treatment of forearm fractures across racial, primary payer or income groups. Racial and economic disparity is an important issue in medicine today. This study did demonstrate statistically significant differences in the treatment of pediatric supracondylar humerus across racial groups, with Blacks and Hispanics being more likely to receive percutaneous pinning of these injuries than Whites. Private insurance patients were also more likely to have femoral shaft fractures treated with an external fixator device than patients with Medicaid or self-pay as their primary payer. However, the clinical significance of these differences is not clear. Further research is needed to gain a more complete understanding of disparities in medicine, and their etiologies, in order to work towards optimizing the quality of medical care for all patient groups.
High frequency transformer modeling (2002)

This paper presents a technique of indirect measurement of linear and nonlinear elements of a wideband transformer using the reflection coefficient technique with the scattering matrix (S-parameters). The S-parameter frequency domain measurement method of the wideband RF transformer and conversion into a discrete model is discussed. The leakage and the magnetizing inductances, the winding and magnetic losses, and the winding capacitances are calculated using the "parameter extraction" technique. Experimental results of a ferrite wideband transformer over the range 50 to 300 MHz, confirmed that the scattering matrix is a precise and efficient method to obtain a nonlinear transformer model.
ELASTIC FIELDS AT CORNERS OF HIGHLY STRETCHABLE MATERIALS ARE CONCENTRATED BUT BOUNDED (2023)

ABSTRACT Corners concentrate elastic fields and often initiate fracture. For small deformations, it is well established that the elastic field around a corner is power-law singular. For large deformations, we show here that the elastic field around a corner is concentrated but bounded. We conduct computation and an experiment on the lap shear of a highly stretchable material. A rectangular sample was sandwiched between two rigid substrates, and the edges of the stretchable material met the substrates at 90° corners. The substrates were pulled to shear the sample. We computed the large-deformation elastic field by assuming several models of elasticity. The theory of elasticity has no length scale, and lap shear is characterized by a single length, the thickness of the sample. Consequently, the field in the sample was independent of any length once the spatial coordinates were normalized by the thickness. We then lap sheared samples of a polyacrylamide hydrogel of various thicknesses. For all samples, fracture initiated from corners, at a load independent of thickness. These experimental findings agree with the computational prediction that large-deformation elastic fields at corners are concentrated but bounded.
Processus de claquage de milieux transparents sous irradiation laser. Application au choc laser en regime de confinement par eau (1998)

Cette these a concerne l'etude de l'interaction laser matiere dans le cadre bien particulier du choc laser en regime de confinement par eau. L'objectif etait de comprendre l'influence des phenomenes de claquage dans l'eau et leurs effets sur les pressions generees par le plasma confine. Ce travail a d'abord contribue au developpement d'un diagnostic par velocimetrie doppler pour caracteriser les ondes de choc induites par laser en regime de confinement par eau. Les resultats obtenus ont permis de determiner l'influence du claquage sur le plasma confine pour differents parametres (longueur d'onde (1. 064, 0. 532, 0. 355 et 0. 308 m), duree d'impulsion (10, 25 et 50 ns)) dans une gamme d'intensite laser variant de 1 a 30 gw/cm#2. De meme, d'autres parametres plus lies au procede lui meme ont ete etudies (taille de tache, revetement, nature du materiau). Dans chaque cas, le code numerique shylac (de propagation des ondes de choc) a ete utilise pour la validation des mesures de pression par velocimetrie doppler. L'interaction dans l'eau de confinement a ete etudiee par camera rapide intensifiee, spectroscopie d'emission et faisceau laser sonde. Ces experiences ont mis en evidence que le claquage limitant survient uniquement a la surface de l'eau de confinement. Les mecanismes physiques intervenant lors de l'interaction ont ete analyses et une description est proposee pour interpreter les resultats experimentaux. Ces resultats sur le claquage correles aux mesures de pressions par velocimetrie doppler definissent correctement les limites actuelles du choc laser et permettent de determiner les caracteristiques d'une source laser adaptee et les conditions operatoires optimales pour le traitement industriel par choc laser de tous les materiaux metalliques.
Van Zijl, Peter C.M: My Life in NMR and MRI, An Ongoing Story of Serendipity (2011)

This article is a brief overview of the explorations of Dr. Peter van Zijl in the fields of high-resolution NMR and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS). It includes a brief overview of how he began in the field of NMR during his studies at the Free University in Amsterdam and his subsequent move to the United States to continue his work. This history reviews a series of serendipitous events that made Dr. van Zijl pursue different avenues of research. For high-resolution NMR, these include the study of oriented molecules, relaxation theory, development of magnetic field gradient technology, automation using adiabatic pulses, and design of pulse sequences to study proton exchange. For in vivo work, the path of study went from MRS in cancer and ischemia to diffusion tensor spectroscopy and imaging and later axonal fiber tracking in human white matter. Other contributions described are the development of methodologies and theory for functional MRI and the establishment of the F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain imaging. The article is concluded with an overview of recent efforts in which exchanging protons are used to image protein and peptide signals via the water signal and how this approach can be applied to study ischemia using pH-weighted MRI and cancer by looking at protein levels.


Keywords:

NMR;
MRI;
MRS;
imaging;
spectroscopy;
functional MRI (fMRI);
diffusion tensor imaging (DTI);
fiber tracking;
magnetic field gradients;
oriented molecules;
proton exchange;
pH;
cancer;
ischemia
Pulsed Electric Field Pretreatment for Osmotic Dehydration of Apple Tissue: Experimental and Mathematical Modeling Studies (2014)

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of pulsed electric field pretreatment (PEF) on the osmotic dehydration of apple tissue. Osmotic dehydration was carried out in sucrose solution at 40°C and 100 rpm in a water-bath shaker. PEF pretreatment was performed using varying field strength of 5 and 10 kV/cm and 10 and 50 pulses. On the basis of electric conductivity measurement, the cell disintegration index was calculated. The course of osmotic dehydration was described by means of water loss, solid gain, weight reduction, and water content changes. Moreover, the course of the process was described by different mathematical models that are commonly used in the literature. PEF application before osmotic dehydration significantly increased water loss after 60 minutes of the process. In turn, no significant differences were found in the case of solid gain. The highest osmotic dehydration efficiency ratio (WL/SG) was noticed for samples treated by PEF at the electric field strength of 5 kV/cm and 10 pulses. The statistical analysis of mathematical modeling of the process showed the equations utilized generally exhibit a good fit to the experimental data.
Data from Inhibition of <i>FoxM1</i>-Mediated DNA Repair by Imipramine Blue Suppresses Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The approaches aimed at inhibiting the ability of cancer cells to repair DNA strand breaks have emerged as promising targets for treating cancers. Here, we assessed the potential of imipramine blue (IB), a novel analogue of antidepressant imipramine, to suppress breast cancer growth and metastasis by inhibiting the ability of breast cancer cells to repair DNA strand breaks by homologous recombination (HR).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The effect of IB on breast cancer growth and metastasis was assessed &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; as well as in preclinical mouse models. Besides, the therapeutic efficacy and safety of IB was determined in &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; explants from breast cancer patients. The mechanism of action of IB was evaluated by performing gene-expression, drug–protein interaction, cell-cycle, and DNA repair studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We show that the systemic delivery of IB using nanoparticle-based delivery approach suppressed breast cancer growth and metastasis without inducing toxicity in preclinical mouse models. Using &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; explants from breast cancer patients, we demonstrated that IB inhibited breast cancer growth without affecting normal mammary epithelial cells. Furthermore, our mechanistic studies revealed that IB may interact and inhibit the activity of proto-oncogene FoxM1 and associated signaling that play critical roles in HR-mediated DNA repair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These findings highlight the potential of IB to be applied as a safe regimen for treating breast cancer patients. Given that FoxM1 is an established therapeutic target for several cancers, the identification of a compound that inhibits FoxM1- and FoxM1-mediated DNA repair has immense translational potential for treating many aggressive cancers. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3524–36. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Marine Sponge Metabolites. Part 3. Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐12‐Deoxyscalaradial. (1988)

Abstract The title compound (VIII), a representative of the scalaradials from marine sponges, is synthesized starting from the known alcohol (I) via the intermediates shown in the scheme.
<title>Advancements in one-dimensional profiling with a long-trace profiler</title> (1992)

Over the last several years the long trace profiler (LTP) has been evolving into a sophisticated machine capable of measuring surface profiles of very long dimensions. This report explains improvements, both hardware and software, that have helped to achieve accuracies and ranges in surface profiling that have been unobtainable until now. A comparison made by measuring standard optical surfaces on other instruments corroborates these accuracies.