gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionic-Tag-Assisted Oligosaccharide Synthesis (2006)

A new strategy to synthesize oligosaccharides by using ionic liquid as a tag has been demonstrated. This approach provides a way to construct oligosaccharides with greatly simplified purification, requiring no chromatography during the synthesis or at the end of cleavage of the tag.
Optimizing Performance of Communication Networks: An Application of Network Science (2014)

For efficient and reliable data transmission, the traffic load should be as uniformly distributed as possible in the network, and the average distance traveled by the data should be short. This criterion has been shown to be fundamental. The key design problem is therefore to find the optimal solution that achieves this criterion. With a fixed network topology, the traffic load distribution and the transmission efficiency are determined by the specific routing algorithm. In this brief, we apply a simulated annealing algorithm to find the near optimal configuration of routing paths, which effectively balances traffic loads and improves the overall traffic performance.
Epstein–Barr Virus-Induced B-Cell Lymphoma after Renal Transplantation (1982)

THE Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a transforming herpesvirus that selectively infects B lymphocytes, causes infectious mononucleosis,1 and may have a role in the development of Burkitt's lymphoma,2 n...
Inhibition of Crystal Growth during Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition by Applying BIAS (2015)

In this study, the influence of direct current (DC) biasing on the growth of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) layers and their nucleation behavior has been investigated. Titania films were prepared by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) using Ti(OiPr)₄ as metal organic precursor. Oxygen plasma, provided by remote inductively coupled plasma, was used as an oxygen source. The TiO₂ films were deposited with and without DC biasing. A strong dependence of the applied voltage on the formation of crystallites in the TiO₂ layer is shown. These crystallites form spherical hillocks on the surface which causes high surface roughness. By applying a higher voltage than the plasma potential no hillock appears on the surface. Based on these results, it seems likely, that ions are responsible for the nucleation and hillock growth. Hence, the hillock formation can be controlled by controlling the ion energy and ion flux. The growth per cycle remains unchanged, whereas the refractive index slightly decreases in the absence of energetic oxygen ions.
Actor-Critic Network for O-RAN Resource Allocation: xApp Design, Deployment, and Analysis (2022)

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) has introduced an emerging RAN architecture that enables openness, intelligence, and automated control. The RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) provides the platform to design and deploy RAN controllers. xApps are the applications which will take this responsibility by leveraging machine learning (ML) algorithms and acting in near-real time. Despite the opportunities provided by this new architecture, the progress of practical artificial intelligence (AI)-based solutions for network control and automation has been slow. This is mostly because of the lack of an endto-end solution for designing, deploying, and testing AI-based xApps fully executable in real O-RAN network. In this paper we introduce an end-to-end O-RAN design and evaluation procedure and provide a detailed discussion of developing a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based xApp by using two different RL approaches and considering the latest released O-RAN architecture and interfaces.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF SOME ARYLTHIO-SUBSTITUTED 2,3,4,5-TETRAHYDRO-1H-3-BENZAZEPINES (1983)

Aus dem Dimethoxy-benzazepin (Ia) entsteht das Carbethoxy-Derivat (Ib), das mit Phenylsulfenylchlorid zu (IIa) substituiert und dann zu (IIb) reduziert wird.
Maximizing the Number of Interfacial Sites in Single‐Atom Catalysts for the Highly Selective, Solvent‐Free Oxidation of Primary Alcohols (2018)

The solvent-free selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes with molecular oxygen is highly attractive yet challenging. Interfacial sites between a metal and an oxide support are crucial in determining the activity and selectivity of such heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate that the use of supported single-atom catalysts (SACs) leads to high activity and selectivity in this reaction. The significantly increased number of interfacial sites, resulting from the presence of individually dispersed metal atoms on the support, renders SACs one or two orders of magnitude more active than the corresponding nanoparticle (NP) catalysts. Lattice oxygen atoms activated at interfacial sites were found to be more selective than O<sub>2</sub> activated on metal NPs in oxidizing the alcohol substrate. This work demonstrates for the first time that the number of interfacial sites is maximized in SACs, providing a new avenue for improving catalytic performance by developing appropriate SACs for alcohol oxidation and other reactions occurring at metal-support interfacial sites.
New Type II Manumycins Produced by Streptomyces nodosus ssp. asukaensis and Their Biosynthesis. (2001)

Five new type II manumycins, containing the hydroxyquinol mC7N unit, asukamycins A-II, B-II, C-II, D-II, E-II, were discovered in cultures of Streptomyces nodosus ssp. asukaensis. The biosynthetic origin of the type II manumycins from the type I compounds, containing an epoxyquinol mC7N unit, was deduced from the time course of production and proven by preparing [7'-13C]asukamycin A and demonstrating its incorporation into asukamycin A-II.
Conclusion (2014)

This has been a descriptive argument. The argument provides a political theory of state redress, a theory that can account for the rectificatory practice of states in terms appropriate to the political sphere. The basic framework of the theory uses concepts derived from the liberal theory of the state to set out why authorized wrongdoing is a problem, why it becomes visible as a problem during political transitions and how state redress alleviates those problems by enacting reasons that legitimate the state.
Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Treatment With Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir in the United States (2015)

Background: Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir, which have recently been approved for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, are more efficacious and safer than the old standard of care (oSOC) but are substantially more expensive. Whether and in which patients their improved efficacy justifies their increased cost is unclear. Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir. Design: Microsimulation model of the natural history of HCV infection. Data Sources: Published literature. Target Population: Treatment-naive and treatment-experienced HCV population defined on the basis of HCV genotype, age, and fibrosis distribution in the United States. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspective: Third-party payer. Intervention: Simulation of sofosbuvir–ledipasvir compared with the oSOC (interferon-based therapies). Outcome Measures: Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), and 5-year spending on antiviral drugs. Results of Base-Case Analysis: Sofosbuvir-based therapies added 0.56 QALY relative to the oSOC at an ICER of $55 400 per additional QALY. The ICERs ranged from $9700 to $284 300 per QALY depending on the patient's status with respect to treatment history, HCV genotype, and presence of cirrhosis. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 per QALY, sofosbuvir-based therapies were cost-effective in 83% of treatment-naive and 81% of treatment-experienced patients. Compared with the oSOC, treating eligible HCV-infected persons in the United States with the new drugs would cost an additional $65 billion in the next 5 years, whereas the resulting cost offsets would be $16 billion. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: Results were sensitive to drug price, drug efficacy, and quality of life after successful treatment. Limitation: Data on real-world effectiveness of new antivirals are lacking. Conclusion: Treatment of HCV is cost-effective in most patients, but additional resources and value-based patient prioritization are needed to manage patients with HCV. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.
Antileukemic alkaloids from Taxus wallichiana Zucc (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntileukemic alkaloids from Taxus wallichiana ZuccRoger W. Miller, Richard G. Powell, Cecil R. Smith Jr., Edward Arnold, and Jon ClardyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 7, 1469–1474Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00320a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00320a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views478Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Nanofabrication using a stencil mask (1999)

We describe tests of a technique to fabricate nanostructures by the evaporation of metal through a stencil mask etched in a suspended silicon nitride membrane. Collimated evaporation through the mask gives metal dots less than 15 nm in diameter and lines 15–20 nm wide. We have investigated the extent of hole clogging and the factors which determine the ultimate resolution of the technique.
Calculating Voronoi diagrams using simple chemical reactions (2014)

This paper overviews work on the use of simple chemical reactions to calculate Voronoi diagrams and undertake other related geometric calculations. This work highlights that this type of specialised chemical processor is a model example of a parallel processor. For example increasing the complexity of the input data within a given area does not increase the computation time. These processors are also able to calculate two or more Voronoi diagrams in parallel. Due to the specific chemical reactions involved and the relative strength of reaction with the substrate (and cross-reactivity with the products) these processors are also capable of calculating Voronoi diagrams sequentially from distinct chemical inputs. The chemical processors are capable of calculating a range of generalised Voronoi diagrams (either from circular drops of chemical or other geometric shapes made from adsorbent substrates soaked in reagent), skeletonisation of planar shapes and weighted Voronoi diagrams (e.g. additively weighted Voronoi diagrams, Multiplicitavely weighted Crystal growth Voronoi diagrams). The paper will also discuss some limitations of these processors. These chemical processors constitute a class of pattern forming reactions which have parallels with those observed in natural systems. It is possible that specialised chemical processors of this general type could be useful for synthesising functional structured materials.
Privacy-Preserving Technology for Secure Utilization of Sensor Data (Extended Abstract) (2014)

As the number of scenarios for utilizing sensor data from home appliances, privacy issues such as leakage of private information from sensor data are arising. In this paper, we introduce a new technology, partial decryption, which enables parts of the data to be masked while still encrypted, so other data can be substituted or the encryption key can be changed.
A Meteoric Water Budget for the Arctic Ocean (2017)

Abstract A budget of meteoric water (MW = river runoff, net precipitation minus evaporation, and glacial meltwater) over four regions of the Arctic Ocean is constructed using a simple box model, regional precipitation‐evaporation estimates from reanalysis data sets, and estimates of import and export fluxes derived from the literature with a focus on the 2003–2008 period. The budget indicates an approximate/slightly positive balance between MW imports and exports (i.e., no change in storage); thus, the observed total freshwater increase observed during this time period likely resulted primarily from changes in non‐MW freshwater components (i.e., increases in sea ice melt or Pacific water and/or a decrease in ice export). Further, our analysis indicates that the MW increase observed in the Canada Basin resulted from a spatial redistribution of MW over the Arctic Ocean. Mean residence times for MW were estimated for the Western Arctic (5–7 years), Eastern Arctic (3–4 years), and Lincoln Sea (1–2 years). The MW content over the Siberian shelves was estimated (∼14,000 km 3 ) based on a residence time of 3.5 years. The MW content over the entire Arctic Ocean was estimated to be ≥44,000 km 3 . The MW export through Fram Strait consisted mostly of water from the Eastern Arctic (3,237 ± 1,370 km 3 yr −1 ) whereas the export through the Canadian Archipelago was nearly equally derived from both the Western Arctic (1,182 ± 534 km 3 yr −1 ) and Lincoln Sea (972 ± 391 km 3 yr −1 ).
A Comprehensive Modeling of Vehicle-to-Vehicle Based VLC System Under Practical Considerations, an Investigation of Performance, and Diversity Property (2022)

In this work, a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) visible light communications (VLC) model for two <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">practical scenarios</b> , is proposed. In <xref ref-type="other" rid="other1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">scenario 1</xref> , the random lateral shift of vehicles and the deterministic longitudinal separation between two communicating vehicles are considered, whereas in <xref ref-type="other" rid="other2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">scenario 2</xref> , longitudinal separation between two vehicles is considered to be random, and lateral shift of vehicles is considered to be deterministic. To this end, we emphasize <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">comprehensive modeling</b> of the <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">practical characteristics</b> of the considered V2V-VLC system, such as <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">random path loss</b> due to the <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">random mobility</b> of the vehicle, <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">random lateral shift</b> and <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">random longitudinal separation</b> of the vehicle. Moreover, we analyze the performance of the proposed V2V-VLC model in terms of different metrics under the consideration of a <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">novel channel model</b> . Considering our <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">findings</b> , it is observed that the random lateral shift of the vehicle and the random longitudinal separation between two vehicles have a significant impact on the V2V-VLC system performance. Further, at a distance of 40 m, for example, the path loss <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">penalties</b> for moderate and dense fog weather scenarios are 2 and 3 dB, respectively, compared with the clear weather. Furthermore, the <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">combined impact</b> of path loss and atmospheric turbulence affects the V2V-VLC performance significantly.
Fabrication of a Curved Row–Column Addressed Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Array (2016)

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) exhibit wide-bandwidth and can be made into tiny 2-D arrays that are integrable with electronics. A simple implementation of such 2-D array is the row-column addressed CMUT array. However, one critical limitation of a row-column array is its narrow field of view, which can be improved by curving the array. This paper reports a novel fabrication method that realizes a flexible 32 + 32 elements row-column addressed CMUT array using a two stage fabrication process. First, a functional row-column CMUT array is fabricated with a double silicon-on-insulator wafer bonding process. The second stage involves encapsulating the device with a polymer coating, yet leaving the bottom silicon substrate exposed for wet etching. The bottom buried oxide layer will also act as an etch stop layer. Pitch-catch experiments are presented to verify the functionality. Our final device, excluding the encapsulation layer, is less than 5 μm thick with a 12.8-mm × 12.8-mm aperture. The final flexible device exhibits a 4.5-MHz center frequency with a -3-dB fractional bandwidth of 82%.
Digital Beamforming 2D Antenna for X-band (2008)

Digital Beamforming 2D Antenna for
Hdac6 Knock-Out Increases Tubulin Acetylation but Does Not Modify Disease Progression in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease (2011)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which there is no effective disease modifying treatment. Following-on from studies in HD animal models, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition has emerged as an attractive therapeutic option. In parallel, several reports have demonstrated a role for histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in the modulation of the toxicity caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, including that of expanded polyglutamine in an N-terminal huntingtin fragment. An important role for HDAC6 in kinesin-1 dependent transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from the cortex to the striatum has also been demonstrated. To elucidate the role that HDAC6 plays in HD progression, we evaluated the effects of the genetic depletion of HDAC6 in the R6/2 mouse model of HD. Loss of HDAC6 resulted in a marked increase in tubulin acetylation throughout the brain. Despite this, there was no effect on the onset and progression of a wide range of behavioural, physiological, molecular and pathological HD-related phenotypes. We observed no change in the aggregate load or in the levels of soluble mutant exon 1 transprotein. HDAC6 genetic depletion did not affect the efficiency of BDNF transport from the cortex to the striatum. Therefore, we conclude that HDAC6 inhibition does not modify disease progression in R6/2 mice and HDAC6 should not be prioritized as a therapeutic target for HD.
Compounding of nanocomposites by thermokinetic mixing (2005)

Abstract Nanocomposites have been prepared by melt mixing poly(propylene) (PP) and different levels of a premixed montmorillonite‐organoclay masterbatch (PP/clay concentrate). Melt mixing was achieved using a Gelimat, a high‐speed thermokinetic mixer. The Gelimat system is designed to handle difficult compounding and dispersion applications and can achieve mixing, heating, and compounding of products within a minute. Therefore, the thermal history of the compounded polymer is short, which limits degradation. The structure and properties of the nanocomposites prepared with a Gelimat were compared to ones prepared with a twin‐screw extruder. The structure and properties of PP/clay nanocomposites were compared by TEM, X‐ray diffraction, mechanical testing, and rheological analysis. Results indicate that a better dispersion of the clay can be achieved by thermokinetic mixing when compared to extrusion, resulting in better mechanical properties. Calculations, based on simplifying assumptions, showed that the shear rates generated in a Gelimat are at least one order higher than those generally generated in an extruder. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1557–1563, 2005
Extended and standard duration weight-loss programme referrals for adults in primary care (WRAP): a randomised controlled trial (2017)

National Prevention Research Initiative, Weight Watchers International (as part of an UK Medical Research Council Industrial Collaboration Award).
Synthesis of sphingosine relatives. Part V Synthesis of both 2,3-erythro-and 2,3-threo-isomers of aplidiasphingosine, a marine terpenoid. (1987)

Both 2, 3-erythro- and 2, 3-threo-isomers of aplidiasphingosine were synthesized. By examining their 13C NMR spectra, 2, 3-threo- and 13, 14-erythro-relative configurations are proposed for aplidiasphingosine.
Coherent diffraction surface imaging in reflection geometry (2010)

We present a reflection based coherent diffraction imaging method which can be used to reconstruct a non periodic surface image from a diffraction amplitude measured in reflection geometry. Using a He-Ne laser, we demonstrated that a surface image can be reconstructed solely from the reflected intensity from a surface without relying on any prior knowledge of the sample object or the object support. The reconstructed phase image of the exit wave is particularly interesting since it can be used to obtain quantitative information of the surface depth profile or the phase change during the reflection process. We believe that this work will broaden the application areas of coherent diffraction imaging techniques using light sources with limited penetration depth.
Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide-6 Stimulates Sleep, Growth Hormone, ACTH and Cortisol Release in Normal Man (1995)

The synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP-6) stimulates growth hormone (GH) release in animals and man. GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) has the same effect. In addition, pulsatile administration of GHRH in normal men results in increased slow-wave sleep (SWS) and blunted cortisol levels. The effect of GHRP on nocturnal hormone secretion and on the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) is still unknown. We compared the effect of repetitive i.v. boluses (4 x 50 micrograms) of GHRP and placebo (PL) on the sleep EEG (23.00 to 07.00 h) and on the secretion profiles of GH, ACTH and cortisol (20.00 to 07.00 h) in normal male controls. After GHRP, the GH concentration (22.00 to 03.00 h) increased (15.4 +/- 9.6 ng/ml after GHRP vs. 5.5 +/- 4.0 ng/ml after PL, p < 0.02), as did the ACTH level (22.00 to 02.00 h: 21.0 +/- 5.3 pg/ml after GHRP vs. 16.6 +/- 3.1 pg/ml after PL, p < 0.02). During the total night, and particularly during the first half of the night, cortisol secretion was enhanced (22.00 to 03.00 h: 56.0 +/- 31.0 ng/ml after GHRP vs. 25.2 +/- 9.0 ng/ml after PL, p < 0.02). Stage 2 sleep increased (270.1 +/- 25.3 min after GHRP vs. 245.4 +/- 25.8 min after PL, p < 0.02), whereas other sleep-EEG variables including SWS remained unchanged. Our data demonstrate that GHRP stimulates not only GH release but also hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical hormone secretion. The latter effect is opposite to the blunting of cortisol after GHRH. Both GHRP and GHRH promote sleep. However, GHRP enhances stage 2 sleep and does not affect SWS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)