gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achievement of extreme high vacuum in the order of 10−10 Pa without baking of test chamber (1990)

Reduction of roughness of a vacuum surface is one of the most important points to reduce outgassing from the surface. Electrochemical buffing has been applied to a test chamber made of stainless steel for this aim. Analysis of the treated surface results in a roughness of 0.1 μm Rmax, a homogeneous topography, a Cr enrichment of 80% compared with untreated surface and a formation of Cr2O3 at the surface. The chamber was pumped by a titanium sublimation pump and two turbo molecular pumps with magnetic bearings in series. Pressure in the chamber was measured by two extractor gauges. A pressure of 3×10−7 Pa was obtained at the fourth day after it started pumping, and subsequently only the turbo molecular pumps and the titanium sublimation pump were baked at 120°–350° for 72 h. The pressure of the chamber finally reached 8×10−10 Pa with liquid nitrogen cooling at the 15th day. A pressure of 3×10−9 Pa could be maintained without any activation and any liquid nitrogen cooling of the titanium sublimation pump.
GENDER IN TWITTER: STYLES, STANCES, AND SOCIAL NETWORKS (2012)

We present a study of the relationship between gender, linguistic style, and social networks, using a novel corpus of 14,000 Twitter users. Prior quantitative work on gender often treats this social variable as a female/male binary; we argue for a more nuanced approach. By clustering Twitter users, we find a natural decomposition of the dataset into various styles and topical interests. Many clusters have strong gender orientations, but their use of linguistic resources sometimes directly conflicts with the population-level language statistics. We view these clusters as a more accurate reflection of the multifaceted nature of gendered language styles. Previous corpus-based work has also had little to say about individuals whose linguistic styles defy population-level gender patterns. To identify such individuals, we train a statistical classifier, and measure the classifier confidence for each individual in the dataset. Examining individuals whose language does not match the classifier's model for their gender, we find that they have social networks that include significantly fewer same-gender social connections and that, in general, social network homophily is correlated with the use of same-gender language markers. Pairing computational methods and social theory thus offers a new perspective on how gender emerges as individuals position themselves relative to audiences, topics, and mainstream gender norms.
Pharmacokinetics of nisoldipine. I. Absorption, concentration in plasma, and excretion after single administration of [14C]nisoldipine in rats, dogs, monkey, and swine. (1988)

The absorption, disposition and excretion of (+/-) 3-isobutyl-5-methyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (nisoldipine, Bay k 5552) have been studied following a single administration of the 14C-labelled compound to rats, dogs, monkey and swine via different routes (intravenous, oral, intraduodenal) in the dose range of 0.05-10 mg.kg-1. [14C]nisoldipine was absorbed rapidly and almost completely. Peak concentrations of radioactivity in plasma were reached 0.9 h (rat), 1.4 h (dog), and 3.6 h (monkey) after oral administration with normalized maximum concentrations being in the same range for all three species (0.49-0.79). The radioactivity was eliminated from plasma with half-lives between 42 h and 54 h within an observation period up to 3 days. The contribution of unchanged [14C]nisoldipine to the concentration of total radioactivity in plasma was low after oral administration (between 0.5% (monkey) and 3.4% (dog) in the peak) indicating an extensive presystemic elimination of this compound. The bioavailability was estimated at 3.4% in rats and 11.7% in dogs. [14C]nisoldipine was highly bound to plasma proteins with free fractions of 0.9-2.9%. The excretion of the radioactivity via urine and feces/bile both after oral and intravenous administration of [14C]nisoldipine occurred rapidly and almost completely within 48 h in all species. Very small residues in the body were recovered at the end of the experiments in rats and dogs (less than 1.6% of the dose). The biliary/fecal route of excretion was preferred in rats, dogs and swine, whereas in monkey 76% of the dose was excreted renally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ethanol-Induced Changes in Body Sway in Men at High Alcoholism Risk (1985)

This study measures the amount of body sway or static ataxia in 34 drinking but nonalcoholic men 21 to 25 years of age who have an alcoholic first-degree relative (the family-history-positive, or FHP, group). Results are compared with 34 control subjects matched pairwise on demographic characteristics and drinking histories, but who have no known alcoholic close relatives (the family-history-negative, or FHN, group). Each man was tested on three occasions where he drank either placebo, or 0.75 mL/kg or 1.1 mL/kg of ethanol; the subjects were repeatedly tested during the subsequent four hours. At the baseline of each of the three test sessions, the level of body sway for the two family-history groups was virtually identical. However, following the 0.75-mL/kg dose, the increase in body sway was significantly less for the FHP than for FHN group, with similar but less dramatic group differences noted following the ingestion of 1.1 mL/kg of ethanol. These results are consistent with the significantly less intense subjective feelings of intoxication after drinking for the FHP men, and also parallel findings of less intense ethanol-related changes in biologic and cognitive test scores. A decreased intensity of reaction to ethanol should be explored further as a possible genetic trait marker of a predisposition toward alcoholism.
COR388 for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (4098) (2020)

Present clinical data supporting the gingipain hypothesis of AD.
Cat-rodent Toxoplasma gondii Type II-variant circulation and limited genetic diversity on the Island of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil (2017)

There was little variation among strains within the same group, suggesting that the majority of strains circulating on Fernando de Noronha are derived from only a few strains that were recently introduced to the island, likely from imported cats. Except for the strain belonging to the Caribbean 1 group that originates from northeast Brazil, there was little evidence that strains from the other groups were introduced to Fernando de Noronha via mainland Brazil.
Interaction Issues in Context-Aware Intelligent Environments (2001)

Context-aware intelligent environments are computing systems embedded within physical spaces. They are equipped with input and output computing devices for users and sensors to provide contextual information to the system. These environments provide new challenges to interface designers due to a number of differences from typical desktop computing environments, including the lack of a single focal point for the user, a dynamic set of interaction devices, the sensor-rich nature of the environment, the potential of multiple simultaneous users, and the opportunity for diverse interaction modalities. This essay describes these challenges and focuses on issues involving multiple interaction modalities and automatic system behaviors.
Clara cell 10 kDa protein mRNA in normal and atypical regions of human respiratory epithelium (1994)

We used RNA-RNA in situ hybridization to study expression of the human CC10 gene in morphologically normal and atypical areas of 32 non-neoplastic lung specimens resected from 26 non-small cell lung cancer patients. We scored strong, moderate or weak levels of CC10 mRNA expression in 3 distinct lung compartments. In morphologically normal lungs, strong and moderate levels of CC10 mRNA were observed in bronchioli and bronchi, respectively, but the expression was rarely observed in the alveolar region. Distinct alterations in CC10 mRNA expression were noted in specific histologic abnormalities within bronchi and the alveolar region. CC10 hybridization signal decreased markedly in bronchi containing diffuse goblet cell hyperplasia or squamous metaplasia, while CC10 mRNA expression remained unchanged in bronchi with basal cell hyperplasia or focal goblet cell hyperplasia. Bronchiolar CC10 mRNA levels remained unchanged in sections containing abnormalities elsewhere. Interestingly, in alveoli with bronchiolization of the alveoli, high levels of CC10 mRNA were observed. These regions also contained strongly stained keratin 14-positive cells, which may indicate a concurrent metaplastic process. In lungs with morphologic atypias, no correlation was found between abnormalities detected in bronchi and alveoli from the same lung. A comparison of mRNA expression and clinicopathologic features demonstrated that the amount of histologic abnormalities increased with smoking history (pack years); however, no correlation between CC10 mRNA expression and sex, age or smoking history was found.
Abstract 13434: Improved Diagnostic Performance of Contemporary Transesophageal Echocardiography With Three-dimensional Imaging for Infective Endocarditis (2020)

Introduction: Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Conventionally, a repeat transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is necessary if the first TEE is negative, and there is high clinical suspicion. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of contemporary TEE for IE. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that with advancements in TEE imaging, including three-dimensional (3D) imaging, the diagnostic performance of TEE for IE would be improved. Methods: Patients who had two or more TEEs at our center, within 6 months, for evaluation of IE in 2011 (pre-3D imaging) and 2019 (post-3D imaging) were included. Patients not meeting the Duke criteria for IE (n=899) were excluded. The primary endpoint was the sensitivity of TEE to detect IE. TEE sensitivity was also compared among the different subtypes of IE (native valve, prosthetic valve, device-related, central line-related, and aortic prosthetic graft-related). Results: 242 patients were included: 70 in 2011 and 172 in 2019. In 2011, there were more smokers and a lower rate of pacing devices; otherwise, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics, including intravenous drug use. The sensitivity of the initial TEE for IE was 85.7% in 2011, improving significantly to 95.3% in 2019 (p=0.01). The improved diagnostic performance in 2019 was mainly driven by the improved detection of prosthetic valve IE (70.8% vs. 93.7%, p=0.009). There were no significant differences for the other subtypes of IE (Figure). In 2019, patients had a higher rate of IE diagnosis within 15 days of index admission, which did not reach statistical significance (n=161, 93.6% vs. n=62, 88.6% in 2011, p=0.19). Kaplan Meier analysis demonstrated that patients in 2019 had a higher rate of procedures for endocarditis (p=0.01). Conclusions: Contemporary TEE imaging including 3D technology improved the detection of IE on the initial TEE, mainly driven by improved detection of prosthetic valve IE.
Method of estimating the inhibitory effect of plasma or serum upon urokinase-activated fibrinolysis (1966)

Activator concentration in the range 50 to 100 Ploug units urokinase is directly proportional to the reciprocal of the lysis time both in the presence and absence of the plasma or serum inhibitors. Inhibitory activity can be estimated, therefore, by the difference in lysis time between control clots containing a buffer or euglobulin component and plasma or serum containing clots both activated by a common concentration of urokinase selected from within the critical range. An experimental model for this purpose is described with an examination of the effects of each variable in this system and a reference curve in terms of a known inhibitor. In this study, it has been found that the effects of calcium are influenced by the plasminogen concentration and are biphasic in the presence of the serum inhibitors.
Personalized use of ICT--from telemonitoring to ambient assisted living. (2013)

Individual availability of information and communications technology (ICT) has enabled "Personal Health" applications like the continuous ubiquitous telemonitoring of vital signs. The concept of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) goes beyond health and care applications utilizing home automation technology for supporting individuals with specific needs, particularly enabling elderly to live in their accustomed home as long as possible. These users usually suffer from more than one disease and need compensation of several impairments. Most current AAL projects and products however provide insulated solutions addressing only a small selection of these user needs. For comprehensive dynamic system adaptation to changing user needs an open platform supporting interoperable components is required. While the industry-driven Continua Health Alliance developed a corresponding Personal Health ecosystem, the ongoing European project universAAL aims at a universal platform for both AAL and Personal Health applications.
Multi-satellite Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) - Design and Products - (2019)

Estimation of the global distribution of precipitation with high accuracy and resolution has long been one of the major scientific goals. Precipitation map on a global basis is important for modeling of the water cycle, maintaining the ecosystem environment, agricultural production, improvements of weather forecast precision, flood warning, and so on. GSMaP (Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation) is a project aiming (1) to produce high-precision and high-resolution global precipitation map using satellite-borne microwave radiometer data, (2) to develop reliable microwave radiometer algorithms, and (3) to establish precipitation map techniques using multi-satellite data for GPM.
Safety of treatment of uterine fibroids with the selective progesterone receptor modulator, ulipristal acetate (2017)

Введение: в последнее десятилетие повышенное внимание уделяется роли прогестерона в способствовании росту миомы матки, а также наблюдается возросший інтерес к модуляции прогестероновых путей с помощью селективных модуляторов прогестероновых рецепторов. Среди них свою эффективность в менеджменте симптоматической миомы матки доказал улипристала ацетат (УПА), который контролирует кровотечение и вызывает аменорею, а также в большинстве случаев уменьшает размер миомы матки. Сфера изучения: в этом обзоре суммированы результаты опубликованных научных исследований, которые изучали доказательства безопасности селективних модуляторов прогестероновых рецепторов и в частности, УПА, – препарата, одобренного для лечения симптоматической миомы матки. Авторы сфокусировались в основном на изменениях эндометрия, обусловленных действием улипристала ацетата, а также оценивали другие показатели его безопасности. Мнение экспертов: результаты рандомизированных контролируемых исследований, опубликованных за 5 лет, показали, что УПА действительно вызывает изменения эндометрия (известные как изменения эндометрия, ассоциированные с применением селективных модуляторов прогестероновых рецепторов), но, как было показано, они были доброкачественными и обратимыми. Опубликованные недавно новые алгоритмы содержат обширный обзор, который может быть рассмотрен в качестве новейшего мнения экспертов. Так, для бесплодных женщин репродуктивного возраста рекомендованы два 3-месячных курса УПА при миоме 2-го типа или множественных миомах, деформирующих полость матки. Последующая терапия определяется в зависимости от реакции на лечение и восстановления полости матки. При отсутствии у женщины желания забеременеть может быть начата длительная (четыре курса) интермиттирующая терапия. В случае хорошего ответа лечение прекращается и возобновляется только при рецидивировании симптомов. Для пременопаузальных женщин, желающих сохранить матку, предлагаемой тактикой могут стать четыре курса 3-месячной терапии УПА. Противопоказания к назначению УПА включают беременность, кормление грудью, генитальное кровотечение неясной этиологии (кроме миомы матки), а также наличие рака матки, шейки матки, яичников или молочной железы.
Superconducting and magnetic properties of the heavy-fermion compounds UT2Al3(T=Ni,Pd) (1992)

The resistive upper critical field ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}2}$ as a function of temperature T has been determined for polycrystalline specimens of the isostructural antiferromagnetic heavy-fermion superconductors U${\mathit{T}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{3}$ (T=Ni, Pd). The zero-temperature superconducting coherence lengths ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$=190 \AA{} (77 \AA{}) for T=Ni (Pd) have been estimated from the initial slope of ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}2}$(T), and analyses of previously reported specific-heat data yield an effective mass enhancement ${\mathit{m}}^{\mathrm{*}}$/${\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{e}}$\ensuremath{\sim}40 (49) for T=Ni (Pd), where ${\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{e}}$ is the free-electron mass. High-precision measurements of the normal-state electrical resistivity reveal a broad anomaly below 4.6 K in ${\mathrm{UNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{3}$, which correlates with the onset of U-moment antiferromagnetic ordering. In ${\mathrm{UPd}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{3}$, the large electrical resistivity drop between ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ and ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{N}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}15 K can be accurately described by an expression that is appropriate for an antiferromagnet with an energy gap \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\approxeq}40 K and an additional ${\mathit{T}}^{2}$ term reflecting Fermi-liquid behavior.
Synthetische Arbeiten in der Reihe der aromatischen Erythrina‐Alkaloide, XI Anwendungen der Glyoxylester‐Synthese (1970)

Abstract Zum Aufbau neuer Erythrinane wird die Glyoxylester‐Synthese auf C‐4‐Substituierte Cyclo‐hexanone übertragen. Der Ringschluß der Enamin‐Vorstufen 1b , c und d führt glatt zu den Erythrinan‐Derivaten 2b , c und d , während die Vorstufe 33 zum Isatin‐Derivat 37 aromatisiert und dehydriert wird. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht der cyclische Äther 10 mit fixierter cis ‐Verknüpfung des Ringsystems. Seine Aufspaltungsprodukte 12a und 13a , deren Struktur durch Hilfssynthesen bewiesen wurde, ermöglichten die Lösung des gesamten Stereoproblems der gesättigten Erythrinane. Die Enamin‐Vorstufen liefern mit Säuren tieffarbige Kationen, deren Chromophor dem des Bisnor‐hexahydrocurarins ähnelt.
FAULT PROPAGATION AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS FOR DESIGNING AN ONLINE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR THE SECONDARY LOOP OF A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT PART OF A HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM (2017)

This paper studies the propagation and effects of faults of critical components that pertain to the secondary loop of a nuclear power plant found in Nuclear Hybrid Energy Systems (NHES). This information is used to design an on-line monitoring (OLM) system which is capable of detecting and forecasting faults that are likely to occur during NHES operation. In this research, the causes, features, and effects of possible faults are investigated by simulating the propagation of faults in the secondary loop. The simulation is accomplished by using the Integrated System Failure Analysis (ISFA). ISFA is used for analyzing hardware and software faults during the conceptual design phase. In this paper, the models of system components required by ISFA are initially constructed. Then, the fault propagation analysis is implemented, which is conducted under the bounds set by acceptance criteria derived from the design of an OLM system. The result of the fault simulation is utilized to build a database for fault detection and diagnosis, provide preventive measures, and propose an optimization plan for the OLM system.
Recent Advances in the Metabolic Engineering of Lignan Biosynthesis Pathways for the Production of Transgenic Plant-Based Foods and Supplements (2013)

Plant physiological, epidemiological, and food science studies have shed light on lignans as healthy diets for the reduction of the risk of lifestyle-related noncommunicable diseases and, thus, the demand for lignans has been rapidly increasing. However, the low efficiency and instability of lignan production via extraction from plant resources remain to be resolved, indicating the requirement for the development of new procedures for lignan production. The metabolic engineering of lignan-biosynthesizing plants is expected to be most promising for efficient, sustainable, and stable lignan production. This is supported by the recent verification of biosynthetic pathways of major dietary lignans and the exploration of lignan production via metabolic engineering using transiently gene-transfected or transgenic plants. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the biosynthetic pathways, biological activities, and metabolic engineering of lignans and also perspectives in metabolic engineering-based lignan production using transgenic plants for practical application.
An asynchronous pulse neural network model and its analog IC implementation (2002)

Prototype neuron and axon circuits for the asynchronous pulse neural network model are fabricated with 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and tested. The neuron circuit can function as both of a coincidence detector and an integrator. These opposite neuronal functions can be controlled by changing the internal time constants through the external voltages. The axon circuit, which mimics axonal, dendritic and synaptic delays, realizes pulse delay. The delay time can be continuously controlled by the external voltage.
Evidence for three subtypes of repetitive behavior in autism that differ in familiality and association with other symptoms (2020)

Restricted repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are a core feature of autism and consist of a variety of behaviors, ranging from motor stereotypies to complex circumscribed interests. The objective of the current study was to examine the structure of RRBs in autism using relevant items from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised in a sample of 316 individuals with autistic disorder.
Small Ring Constrained Peptidomimetics. Synthesis of Epoxy Peptidomimetics, Inhibitors of Cysteine Proteases (2001)

Different dipeptide analogues containing an oxirane ring in the place of the peptidic bond were prepared starting from naturally occurring amino acids. N-Fmoc-amino aldehydes were transformed into the corresponding methoxyvinyl derivatives through a Wittig reaction, and the addition of PhSeCl gave a series of different alpha-phenylselenyl aldehydes. Mukajiama reaction with silylketene acetals gave an intermediate product that was finally transformed into the desired oxiranyl peptidomimetics. Following this strategy we were able to control three new contiguous stereocenters starting from the enantiomerically pure amino acid. The dipeptide analogues could be used in SPPS on a SASRIN resin as the final epoxides were relatively unstable under acidic conditions. Moreover the synthesis of the single dipeptide mimetics was carried out on solid phase to generate a small library of epoxy peptidomimetics. Some of the products prepared in this work resulted as time-dependent reversible inhibitors of cysteine protease.
Ordered arrays of embedded Ga nanoparticles on patterned silicon substrates (2014)

We fabricate site-controlled, ordered arrays of embedded Ga nanoparticles on Si, using a combination of substrate patterning and molecular-beam epitaxial growth. The fabrication process consists of two steps. Ga droplets are initially nucleated in an ordered array of inverted pyramidal pits, and then partially crystallized by exposure to an As flux, which promotes the formation of a GaAs shell that seals the Ga nanoparticle within two semiconductor layers. The nanoparticle formation process has been investigated through a combination of extensive chemical and structural characterization and theoretical kinetic Monte Carlo simulations.