gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NEW APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF ELECTROCHEMICAL DECARBOXYLATION AND THE KOLBE REACTION: PART I. THE MODEL REACTION WITH FORMATE (1963)

The kinetics of electrochemical decarboxylation of formate ions has been studied in detail for the first time as a model reaction for examination of the decarboxylation and radical coupling that occurs with higher aliphatic acids. Current–potential curves have been obtained which show a sharp transition region, not diffusion controlled, which is characteristic of passivation phenomena. The behavior is observed with gold, palladium, platinum, and gold–palladium alloys. Tafel slopes and exchange currents have been evaluated for the reaction and possible reaction mechanisms are examined in relation to the experimental results.Galvanostatic charging, reverse pulse discharging, and open-circuit decay transients have been obtained which indicate formation of films of adsorbed intermediates on the surface. The transition regions in the current–potential curves are associated with formation of this ad-layer. The galvanostatic results enable distinctions to be made between some of the possible reaction mechanisms proposed and estimates to be made of the extent of film formation by adsorbed intermediates formed in the reaction.
Fetal B Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Normal Pregnancies (1993)

In 190 pregnancies undergoing cordocentesis for prenatal diagnosis (n = 174) or elective caesarean section (n = 16), fetal peripheral blood B lymphocyte subpopulations were measured using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACScan). The total number of B lymphocytes and polyreactive CD5+ B cells increased exponentially with gestation from respective means of 0.33 x 10(9)/l and 0.25 x 10(9)/l at 17 weeks to a plateau of 0.66 x 10(9)/l and 0.54 x 10(9) at 36 weeks, remaining at that level thereafter. The number of mature CD10- and active CD23+ B lymphocytes increased linearly from a mean of 0.07 x 10(9)/l and 0.11 x 10(9)/l at 17 weeks to 0.24 x 10(9)/l and 0.37 x 10(9)/l, respectively, at 40 weeks. As expected, all B lymphocytes expressed the HLA-DR antigen from as early as 16 weeks gestation. These alterations in specific B lymphocyte subpopulations reflect the pattern of maturation and development of the fetal humoral immune system.
Serum fructosamine in chronic renal failure patients (1989)

フルクトサミンはほぼ2週間の血糖を反映するとされ, 広く糖尿病の血糖管理に応用されつつある. 今回, 我々はフルクトサミン値への腎不全の影響について検討し, さらに, 糖尿病性腎症患者における有用性について検討した.対象は, 非糖尿病の保存期腎不全患者27名 (CRF群), 血液透析患者31名 (HD群), CAPD患者15名 (PD群), 糖尿病性腎症患者21名 (DM群), 糖尿病性腎症を原疾患とする血液透析患者4名 (DMHD群), 同CAPD患者2名 (DMPD群), および健常対照者12名 (C群) である. フルクトサミンの測定は, NBT比色法を用いたロッシュのキットにて施行した.各群のフルクトサミンは, CRF群2.59±0.46 (mean±SD), HD群2.96±0.34, PD群2.65±0.26, DM群3.29±0.46, DMHD群3.61±0.89, C群2.78±0.16mmol/lでCRF群, HD群, PD群はいずれもC群と有意差を認めなかった. 一方, DM群, DMHD群はC群, CRF群, HD群, PD群よりも有意に高値を示した. DMPD群2例は, 3.68±3.76mmol/lでいずれも高値を示した. フルクトサミンはCRF群において, BUN, クレアチニンと有意な相関を認めなかった. また, 75g経口ブドウ糖負荷試験において正常パターン, および耐糖能異常を示した群のフルクトサミンは, 各々, 2.81±0.34, 3.02±0.45mmol/lで有意差を認めなかった. DM群において, フルクトサミンはHbA1, HbA1cと有意な正の相関関係を認めた. また, DMHD群2例, DMPD群2例における経時的検討にて, フルクトサミンと過去2週間の血糖の間の相関係数は, 各々, r=0.90, 0.50, 0.85, 0.73で3例において有意であった.以上より, フルクトサミンは腎不全に影響されず, 糖尿病性腎症患者の血糖コントロールに有用な指標となると考えられた.
Prediction of Aggregation Propensity from Primary Sequence Information (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Composition-Based Approaches Sequence-Based Algorithms Chemometric Methods Lattice Theory and Coarse-Grained Models Mutagenesis Studies Antibody Frameworks Hot Spots and Gatekeepers Conformational Switches Summary References
Properties of Fast-Diffusing Oxygen Species in Silicon Deduced from the Generation Kinetics of Thermal Donors (2009)

The generation of Thermal Donors in Si is a nucleation process controlled by several mobile On clusters. The rate-limiting transitions are found to be O1  O2 and O4  O5. The individual transition rates G12 and G45, and also G23 and G34 are deduced from the experimental data. From the transient variation of the generation rate G(t), the equilibrium concentration of the dimers is found, and with it the dimeric diffusivity is also defined. In samples pre-treated at high T, the G(t) dependence has a maximum, due to quenched-in fast-diffusing oxygen monomers (FDMs). The concentration and diffusivity of FDMs were determined.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of a controlled release amoxicillin formulation. (1987)

The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of an in vitro controlled release amoxicillin formulation were studied in nine healthy volunteers, in comparison with an intravenous injection and a conventional tablet. The experiment was designed in a crossover fashion. The volunteers received the three formulations on separate occasions. The antibiotic was measured in plasma using a microbiological method. The absolute bioavailability of the two solid dosage forms was estimated comparing non-compartmental parameters. The results indicated that there was no correlation between the in vitro dissolution rate and the pharmacokinetic behavior in the body.
Quantifying Uncertainty: Physicians' Estimates of Infection in Critically Ill Neonates and Children (2004)

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of physicians' prior probability estimates of serious infection in critically ill neonates and children, we conducted a prospective cohort study in 2 intensive care units. Using available clinical, laboratory, and radiographic information, 27 physicians provided 2567 probability estimates for 347 patients (follow-up rate, 92%). The median probability estimate of infection increased from 0% (i.e., no antibiotic treatment or diagnostic work-up for sepsis), to 2% on the day preceding initiation of antibiotic therapy, to 20% at initiation of antibiotic treatment (P<.001). At initiation of treatment, predictions discriminated well between episodes subsequently classified as proven infection and episodes ultimately judged unlikely to be infection (area under the curve, 0.88). Physicians also showed a good ability to predict blood culture-positive sepsis (area under the curve, 0.77). Treatment and testing thresholds were derived from the provided predictions and treatment rates. Physicians' prognoses regarding the presence of serious infection were remarkably precise. Studies investigating the value of new tests for diagnosis of sepsis should establish that they add incremental value to physicians' judgment.
The Increasing Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Among Jewish Adolescents and the Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Diagnosis (2013)

The prevalence of IBD doubled during the 13 years of the study period. Among this large cohort of Jewish adolescents, for each origin, higher SES was associated with increased occurrence of IBD.
Transcriptome signature of resistance exercise adaptations: mixed muscle and fiber type specific profiles in young and old adults (2012)

This investigation examined the effects of acute resistance exercise (RE), progressive resistance training (PRT), and age on the human skeletal muscle Transcriptome. Two cohorts of young and old adults [study A: 24 yr, 84 yr (n = 28); study B: 25 yr, 78 yr (n = 36)] were studied. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained pre- and 4 h post-RE in conjunction with the 1st and 36th (last) training session as part of a 12-wk PRT program in study A, whereas biopsies were obtained in the basal untrained state in study B. Additionally, the muscle fiber type specific (MHC I and MHC IIa) Transcriptome response to RE was examined in a subset of young and old women from study A. Transcriptome profiling was performed using HG U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays. The main findings were 1) there were 661 genes affected by RE during the 1st and 36th training bout that correlated with gains in muscle size and strength with PRT (termed the Transcriptome signature of resistance exercise adaptations); 2) the RE gene response was most pronounced in fast-twitch (MHC IIa) muscle fibers and provided additional insight into the skeletal muscle biology affected by RE; 3) skeletal muscle of young adults is more responsive to RE at the gene level compared with old adults and age also affected basal level skeletal muscle gene expression. These skeletal muscle Transcriptome findings provide further insight into the molecular basis of sarcopenia and the impact of resistance exercise at the mixed muscle and fiber type specific level.
Effects of a probiotic, Enterococcus faecium, on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune response, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88 (2013)

The effects of feeding dehydrated Enterococcus faecium on growth performance, immune response, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88 were investigated. Two hundred eighty-eight 1-d-old birds were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: negative control birds (N-con) fed a basal diet and not challenged with E. coli K88; positive control birds (P-con) fed a basal diet and challenged with E. coli K88; birds fed a basal diet including dehydrated E. faecium (Ef) at 1 × 10(9) cfu/kg of feed and challenged with E. coli K88; and birds fed a basal diet including the antibiotic colistine sulfate (Anti) at 10 mg/kg of feed and challenged with E. coli K88. Birds fed E. faecium had greater (P < 0.05) BW on d 14, 21, and 28 and greater (P < 0.05) jejunal villus height on d 21 and 28 compared with birds on the other treatments. Jejunal crypt depth was decreased (P < 0.05) in birds fed either E. faecium or antibiotic compared with P-con treatment birds on d 10, 21, and 28. Birds fed E. faecium had a greater (P < 0.05) concentration of IL-4 in their jejunal mucosa than did those in the N-con treatment group on d 10, 14, and 21. Infected birds, with or without E. faecium feeding, had a higher (P < 0.05) tumor necrosis factor-α and secreted IgA in their jejunal mucosa than did those in the N-con treatment group on d 10 and 14. Birds fed E. faecium had lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of E. coli on d 14 and 28, less (P < 0.05) Clostridium perfringens on d 28, greater Lactobacillus counts on d 14 and 21, and greater (P < 0.05) Bifidobacterium in their cecal contents on d 21 than did the P-con birds. These results suggest that E. faecium can promote growth performance, improve intestinal morphology, and beneficially manipulate the cecal microflora in broilers challenged with E. coli K88.
PTH in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis (2002)

Research Articles| October 01 2008 Effect of Various Factors on the Efficiency of Plating and Plaque Morphology of some Streptomyces Phages Subject Area: Further Areas , Oncology , Pathology and Cell Biology H.J. Kutzner H.J. Kutzner Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, N. J. (U.S.A.) Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pathologia et Microbiologia (1961) 24 (1): 30–51. https://doi.org/10.1159/000161084 Article history Published Online: October 01 2008 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation H.J. Kutzner; Effect of Various Factors on the Efficiency of Plating and Plaque Morphology of some Streptomyces Phages. Pathologia et Microbiologia 1 January 1961; 24 (1): 30–51. https://doi.org/10.1159/000161084 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPathobiology Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1961Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
alpha2A-adrenoceptor stimulation reduces capsaicin-induced glutamate release from spinal cord synaptosomes. (2001)

Glutamate (Glu) is involved in excitatory neurotransmission and nociception and plays an essential role in relaying noxious stimuli in the spinal cord. Intrathecal or epidural injection of alpha2-adrenergic agonists produces potent antinociceptive effects, alters spinal neurotransmitter release, and effectively treats acute nociceptive and chronic neuropathic pain. Although it is generally believed that alpha2-adrenergic receptor stimulation reduces excitatory neurotransmitter release from peripheral afferents, the subtype of receptor causing this effect and its specificity to nociceptive neurotransmission have been inadequately studied. We therefore examined the pharmacology of adrenergic agents to inhibit Glu release in spinal cord from stimulation with capsaicin, a specific agonist for receptors on nociceptive afferents. Capsaicin evoked Glu release in synaptosomes from normal rat dorsal spinal cord in a concentration-dependent manner. Glu release from 30 microM capsaicin was inhibited by adrenergic agonists with a relative potency of clonidine = dexmedetomidine > norepinephrine > ST91 >> phenylephrine = 0, consistent with an action on alpha2A/D subtype receptors. Also consistent with this interpretation was the observation that inhibition of capsaicin-induced Glu release by clonidine or dexmedetomidine was blocked by the alpha2A/D antagonist BRL44408 but not by the alpha2B/C-preferring antagonist ARC239. Similar results were obtained in perfused spinal cord slices. These data suggest that capsaicin-evoked Glu release, likely reflecting stimulation of C fiber terminals, can be inhibited by activation of the alpha2A/D subtype, and this action of adrenergic agonists may reflect in part their efficacy in the treatment of acute pain.
13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies on pyrano‐ and dihydropyrano‐1,3‐ diphenylprop‐2‐enones (1992)

Abstract The 13 C NMR spectra of 19 differently substituted pyrano‐ and dihydropyrano‐1,3‐diphenylprop‐2‐enones were recorded and the results are discussed. The data will be useful in the identification of new and natural chalcones.
(CL-113)THE EFFECT OF EYELID CLOSURE ON THE EPITHELIAL PROLIFERATION RATE OF THE RABBIT CORNEA (2000)

Ladage, P. M. BOptom1; Yamamoto, K. MSc, MD, PhD2; Li, L. MD2; Petroll, W. M. PhD2; Jester, J. V. PhD2; Bergmanson, J. P.G. OD, PhD1; Cavanagh, H. D. MD, PhD2 Author Information
COMPARISON OF THE ISOELECTRIC AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT PROPERTIES OF TUBULIN SUBUNITS (1977)

Abstract— Brain tubulin subunits were separated by a combination of isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) using a two‐dimensional polyacrylamide slab gel technique. Isoelectric focusing separated tubulin subunits into two major groups of bands, such that the more acidic group corresponded to the α subunit and the less acidic group corresponded to the β subunit. In addition, isoelectric focusing resolved the β subunit into two subspecies which differed slightly in isoelectric properties but were the same apparent molecular weight. The a subunit was resolved into many subspecies that appear to differ from each other by both apparent molecular weight and isoelectric properties.
Influence of molecular structure on the degradation mechanism of degradable polymers: In vitro degradation of poly(trimethylene carbonate), poly(trimethylene carbonate‐co‐caprolactone), and poly(adipic anhydride) (1995)

Abstract Relationships between molecular structure and the degradation mechanism of degradable polymers are of special interest for temporary medical applications. The in vitro degradation study of three aliphatic polymers—poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC), poly(trimethylene carbonate‐ co ‐caprolactone) (PTMC‐PCL), and poly(adipic anhydride) (PAA)—revealed that these polymers exhibit degradation times from several years (PTMC) to 1 day (PAA). PTMC degraded unexpectedly slow, accompanied by very small changes in weight loss, molecular weight (SEC), and in morphology (DSC, SEM). The degradation was independent of initial molecular weight, ionic strength of the water solution, temperature, and shaking motions. The copolymer PTMC‐PCL showed a higher degradation rate compared to PTMC, with preferential degradation of amorphous parts leading to an increase in % crystallinity. The surprisingly rapid degradation of PAA showed characteristics typical for a surface‐like eroding system in contrast to PTMC and PTMC‐PCL. The degradation products corresponded to the repeating unit of the polymers. The hydrolysis rate increases in the order carbonate, ester, anhydride, and by combining different molecular structures we achieve specific degradation behavior. A change in hydrolysis rate of the labile bond is predicted by altering the electronegativity of groups near the carbonyl‐oxygen region. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Efficient C−H/C−D Exchange Reaction on the Alkyl Side Chain of Aromatic Compounds Using Heterogeneous Pd/C in D2O (2004)

[reaction: see text] An efficient and extensive deuterium incorporation using heterogeneous Pd/C-D(2)O-H(2) system into many different types of unactivated C-H bond positions was developed. The present method provides a deuterium gas-free, totally catalytic, and post-synthetic deuterium labeling method in D(2)O media.
Methyl and vinyl torsional potential functions in 4-methylstyrene from supersonic jet fluorescence spectroscopy (1990)

A methyl torsional potential with V6=–17 ± 4 cm–1 in S1 has been obtained for 4-methylstyrene from supersonic jet fluorescence excitation spectra. For S0, dispersed fluorescence spectra give V6=–17 ± 1 cm–1 for methyl and V2= 943 ± 58 cm–1 and V4=–208 ± 31 cm–1 for vinyl torsion.
A Survey of mislabeled training data detection techniques for pattern classification (2013)

AbstractPattern classification is an important part of machine learning. To use it, a classifier is trained on the training data and then predicts the label for the future unseen data. To obtain a classifier with good performance, the quality of the training data plays an important role. Unfortunately in many areas, it is difficult to provide absolutely clean data. This paper focuses on mislabeled data, which is one of the main types of noisy data. A number of mislabeled data detection techniques have been proposed; however, there is no survey work to summarize those techniques. This paper reviews the existing studies and classifies them into three types: Local learning-based, ensemble learning-based, and single learning-based methods. The technical details, advantages, and disadvantages of these methods are discussed.
Recent developments in IR metrology using quadri wave lateral shearing interferometry (2015)

We present various applications of Quadri Wave Lateral Shearing Interferometry to infrared optical metrology. Phasics has developed wave front sensors compatible with wavelengths ranging from 193nm to 14 &mu;m. Several camera technologies are integrated with patented diffractive optics adapted to the various spectral ranges. In the infrared range, InGaAs, MCT and microbolometers are used as light sensors. We developed a bench to qualify lenses with diameter from 2mm to 100mm in the LWIR spectral range. Thanks to an innovative ray-trace algorithm, we are able to compare the wave front measurement to the optical design enabling a feedback between lens manufacture and design. We also developed a VSWIR wave front sensor with a constant accuracy from 0.4&mu;m to 1.7 &mu;m. It also includes the Extended Tilt feature that enables sub-mrad accuracy on tilt measurement over a range of more than +-30&deg;.
Multiband Tunable Large Area Hot Carrier Plasmonic-Crystal\n Photodetectors (2014)

Optoelectronic functionalities of photodection and light harnessing rely on\nthe band-to-band excitation of semiconductors, thus the spectral response of\nthe devices is dictated and limited by their bandgap. A novel approach, free\nfrom this restriction, is to harvest the energetic electrons generated by the\nrelaxation of a plasmonic resonance in the vicinity of a metal-semiconductor\njunction. In this configuration, the optoelectronic and spectral response of\nthe detectors can be designed ad hoc just by tailoring the topology of metal\nstructures, which has tremendous applications in solar energy harvesting and\nphotodetection. Fully exploiting hot electron based optoelectronics yet\nrequires a platform that combines their exotic spectral capabilities with large\nscale manufacturing and high performance. Herein we report the first\nimplementation of a large area, low cost quasi 3D plasmonic crystal (PC) for\nhot electron photodetection, showcasing multiband selectivity in the VIS-NIR\nand unprecedented responsivity of 70 mA/W.\n
Up-regulation of interleukin-6 in human ovarian cancer cell via a Gi/PI3K-Akt/NF- B pathway by lysophosphatidic acid, an ovarian cancer-activating factor (2004)

Bioactive lysophospholipid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is consistently raised in the ascites of patients with ovarian cancer. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine, which is assumed to be involved in ovarian carcinogenesis. However, the regulation of IL-6 in ovarian cancer remains largely unknown. To elucidate the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, this study investigated how LPA affects IL-6 production in ovarian cancer cells. Experimental results indicated that LPA stimulates IL-6 expression in all ovarian cancer cell lines tested, but not in normal ovarian surface epithelial (NOSE) cells, owing to the lack of LPA-specific Edg4 and/or Edg7 receptors in NOSE cells. This work demonstrated that LPA transcriptionally activates IL-6 expression, which can be totally blocked by the pertussis toxin, indicating that Gi-mediated signaling is critically involved in inducing IL-6 by LPA. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition assays revealed that Gi-mediated PI3K activation phosphorylated downstream Akt and subsequently induced NF-kappaB activation causes the induction of IL-6 by LPA in SK-OV-3 cells. In summary, data presented here demonstrate that LPA is an important inducer of IL-6 and LPA-regulated IL-6 expression via a Gi/PI3K-Akt/NF-kappaB pathway in ovarian cancer cells, providing molecular therapeutic targets for treating ovarian cancer.