gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: N‐NITROSATION BY NITRITE ION IN NEUTRAL AND BASIC MEDIUM (1974)

Abstract Die Nitrosierung von sekundären Aminen gelingt nicht nur in saurem Milieu, sondern auch unter neutralen bis schwach alkalischen Bedingungen (pH 6,4 ‐ 1 1) in Gegenwart von Formaldehyd.
Error probability performance for multi-hop decode-and-forward relaying over Rayleigh fading channels (2009)

This paper provides a complete study on the end-to-end performance of multi-hop wireless communication systems equipped with re-generative (decode-and-forward) relays over Rayleigh fading channels assuming single-antenna terminals. More specifically, the probability density function (pdf) of the tightly approximated end-to-end SNR of the systems is derived. Using this approximation allows us to avoid considering all possible combinations of correct and erroneous decisions at the relays and the destination for which the end-to-end transmission is error-free, thus reducing computation burden in evaluating important multi-hop system's performance metrics. Simulations are performed to verify the accuracy and to show the tightness of the theoretical analysis.
Relation between duration of dual antiplatelet therapy and risk of ischemic stroke after stent-assisted treatment of cerebral aneurysm (DAPTS ACE-registry) (2023)

Duration of DAPT was not associated with the incidence of ischemic stroke in the first 15 months after SACE.
Trafficking of wild-type and an endoproteolytic-site mutant of the mouse mammary tumor virus glycoprotein. (1993)

We have utilized a mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) glycoprotein gene containing a mutation in the endoproteolytic cleavage site to investigate the biological significance of processing, the structural requirements for and the events involved in the proteolytic maturation of MMTV. Using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, the endoproteolytic cleavage site within the MMTV glycoprotein was mutated from Arg-Ala-Lys-Arg to Arg-Ala-Asn-Gln and both the wild-type and mutated genes were transfected and expressed in HTC rat hepatoma cells. Indirect immunofluorescence, steady state radiolabeling and pulse-chase kinetic experiments demonstrated that this mutated glycoprotein was transported to the cell surface with the same efficiency as the wild-type maturation products; however, proteolytic cleavage and fusogenic activity were almost completely abolished. Consistent with the lack of cleavage, the endoglycosidase H-resistant precursor, gp78, accumulated on the cell surface and in the extracellular environment. When HTC cells expressing the wild-type MMTV glycoprotein were treated with the Golgi mannosidase I and II inhibitors, deoxymannojirimycin and swainsonine respectively, the resulting endogycosidase H-sensitive glycoproteins were processed efficiently. Taken together, these results suggest that proteolytic processing of the MMTV glycoprotein most likely occurs in the trans Golgi or at a later step in the exocytic pathway and occurs after the formation of an endoglycosidase H-resistant, terminally sialylated intermediate. Moreover, the acquisition of endoglycosidase H-resistant oligosaccharides is not a prerequisite for recognition by the cellular proteases to generate the viral maturation products. Our evidence also suggests that the processing of the MMTV envelope glycoprotein is required for the functional exposure of the fusion domain which is involved in viral infectivity.
Isophote-based interpolation (2002)

Standard methods for image interpolation are based on smoothly fitting the image intensity surface. Previous edge-directed interpolation methods add limited geometric information (edge maps) to build more accurate and visually appealing interpolations at key contours in the image. This paper presents a method for geometry-based interpolation that smoothly fits the isophote (intensity level curve) contours at all points in the image rather than just at selected contours. By using level set methods for curve evolution, no explicit extraction or representation of these contours is required (unlike earlier edge-directed methods). The method uses existing interpolation techniques as an initial approximation and then iteratively reconstructs the isophotes using constrained smoothing. Results show that the technique produces results that are more visually realistic than standard function-fitting methods.
Hydrogel Microtumor Arrays to Evaluate Nanotherapeutics (2022)

Nanoparticle drug formulations have many advantages for cancer therapy due to benefits in targeting selectivity, lack of systemic toxicity, and increased drug concentration in the tumor microenvironment after delivery. However, the promise of nanomedicine is limited by preclinical models that fail to accurately assess new drugs before entering human trials. In this work a new approach to testing nanomedicine using a microtumor array formed through hydrogel micropatterning is demonstrated. This technique allows partitioning of heterogeneous cell states within a geometric pattern-where boundary regions of curvature prime the stem cell-like fraction-allowing to simultaneously probe drug uptake and efficacy in different cancer cell fractions with high reproducibility. Using melanoma cells of different metastatic potential, a relationship between stem fraction and nanoparticle uptake is discovered. Deformation cytometry reveals that the stem cell-like population exhibits a more mechanically deformable cell membrane. Since the stem fraction in a tumor is implicated in drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis, the findings suggest that nanoparticle drug formulations are well suited for targeting this dangerous cell population in cancer therapy.
Network-assisted vertical handover scheme in heterogeneous aeronautical network (2020)

Leveraging the efficient control of Software Defined Networking (SDN), the heterogeneous aeronautical networks can achieve seamless vertical handovers for the switching aircraft. In this paper, we design the vertical handover scheme assisted by the network-side SDN controller, and analyze its evaluation metrics including the successful handover probability, average handover latency and user satisfaction. Then, we evaluate these metrics under different SDN controller deployments. Numerical results show that the successful handover probability is not affected by different controller deployment solutions, and generally, for the vertical handovers under the ground-based controller deployment, their average handover delays and user satisfactions are better than those under the satellite-based controller deployment.
Trends in Three-Dimensional Integration (1987)

VLSI will be reaching to the limit of minimization in the 1990s, and after that, further increase of packing density or functions night depend on the vertical integration technology and wafer scale integration. The 3-D ICs consisting of completely stacked active layers offers the flexibility of circuit design and composition of various devices. Three-dimensional (3-D) integration is expected to provide several advantages, such as 1) parallel processing, 2) high-speed operation, 3) high packing density, and 4) multifunctional operation. This will lead upto new system design and the novel functional device. It will become a big trend for VLSI in the next generation.
Localization method of space robot with two-way range under uncertainties in rotational parameters (2009)

Our previous work[1] has presented a method of localization based on radio waves, useful for a rover on a small planetary body, whose diameter is less than 1[km]. The important advantage of this method is that it can apply to a rover on small body, while conventional methods of localization cannot apply to. This work assumed that parameters of rotational motion of investigating body are exactly known, however, it is difficult to determine these parameters on remote planetary body in advance. In order to cope with uncertainties in rotational motion, a recursive method of localization has been introduced a recursive method of localization has been introduced by inflating the variance matrix of estimation error[2]. However, improvement in localization accuracy achieved by this method was limited. It is necessary to estimate rotation parameters to localize a rover with sufficiently-high accuracy. This presentation provides an estimation strategy to localize a rover under some uncertainties in rotation paraemters. A smoother-based method of estimation is proposed here for a rover on small planetary body. The idea is to collect long-time observation data and use smoother-based approach. Estimation method has been derived into optimization problem with constraints and variation method has been applied to solve it. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate localization accuracy of a rover and estimation accuracy of rotational parameters.
The Development and Integration of the LDA-Toolkit Into COST249 SpeechDat(II) SIG Reference Recognizer (2004)

This paper presents the development of Linear Discriminant Analysis toolkit (LDA-Toolkit) and its integration into widely used COST249 SpeechDat(II) Task Force Reference Recognizer (RefRec). The crucial parts of the LDA, the determination of LDA classes, as well as the influence of the level of dimensionality reduction on automatic speech recognition performance, are discussed. Evaluation of proposed LDA-RefRec procedure is performed using the Slovenian, German, and Spanish SpeechDat (II) databases. HTK (Hidden Markov Model Toolkit) is used in training and recognition processes. Features are computed using Advanced Front End (AFE) feature extraction procedure, proposed by Motorola, France Telecom, and Alcatel (AFE has been also standardized by ETSI organization). Automatic speech recognition results achieved with LDA-RefRec procedure show performance improvement and simultaneously dimensionality reduction when compared to baseline RefRec procedure. Proposed multilingual LDA classes, equal for all the three databases, perform only slightly worse than monolingual LDA classes, constructed and used separately for particular database. The results show benefits of the usage of the proposed LDA-RefRec procedure for evaluation or development of the automatic speech recognition systems based on SpeechDat (II) compliant databases. 1.
Electronic structure of deepsp-bonded substitutional impurities in silicon (1982)

The recently-developed Green's-function method for defects in semiconductors is used to investigate the electronic properties of deep substitutional $\mathrm{sp}$-bonded impurities in Si. These impurities are grouped according to the value ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{z}={z}_{\mathrm{imp}}\ensuremath{-}{z}_{\mathrm{host}}$ where $z$ is the chemical valence. We choose a typical representative impurity from each group: sulfur with $\ensuremath{\Delta}z=2$ (double donor), zinc with $\ensuremath{\Delta}z=\ensuremath{-}2$ (double acceptor), and hydrogen with $\ensuremath{\Delta}z=\ensuremath{-}3$ (triple acceptor). In each case we obtain the impurity-induced state-density changes in the valence bands, and the energy positions and wave functions of the bound states in the forbidden gaps. These results are compared with earlier results for the vacancy, which may be viewed as a $\ensuremath{\Delta}z=\ensuremath{-}4$ nominal quadruple acceptor. We describe a simple physical model which explains the chemical trends as a function of $\ensuremath{\Delta}z$ and compare with available experimental data.
Aldehydes as corrosion inhibitors for aluminium‐manganese alloys in potassium hydroxide (1978)

Abstract Some aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes have been studied as corrosion inhibitors for 3S aluminium (Al‐Mn alloy) in KOH solutions. At constant alkali concentration the inhibitor efficiency increases with the concentration of the inhibitor, the order of efficiency in 0.1 M KOH + 1.0% inhibitor being: paraldehyde (13.3%) &lt; formaldehyde ≦ propionaldehyde &lt; crotonaldehyde &lt; furfuraldehyde &lt; vanillin &lt; salicylaldehyde (74.8%); 0.5% benzaldehyde and 0.1% cinnamicaldehyde gave efficiencies of only 19.3% and 18.5%, respectively. The aldehydes appear to act by adsorption on the metal surface, preferably through the oxygen atom. The inhibitive efficiency of paraldehyde increases with the alkali concentration, the duration of immersion and the temperature; that of formaldehyde, cinnamic aldehyde, furfuraldehyde (and crotonaldehyde) increases with alkali concentration and time; that of salicylaldehyde and vanillin increases with time as well as with temperature, while the efficiency of propionaldehyde and benzaldehyde increases with alkali concentration. The activation energy for the corrosion process is generally higher in inhibited than in plain alkali in the case of formaldehyde, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, benzaldehyde, cinnamicaldehyde and furfuraldehyde; with other inhibitors the E values are lower. Except vanillin and paraldehyde, all the inhibitors increase the corrosion potential of Al in 0.1 M KOH suggesting polarization of local anodes. The inhibitor efficiencies calculated from extrapolation of cathodic Tafel lines are in agreement with weight loss efficiencies.
A normal distribution for tensor-valued random variables to analyze diffusion tensor MRI data (2003)

Diffusion Tensor MRI (DT-MRI) provides a statistical estimate of a symmetric 2nd-order diffusion tensor, D, for each voxel within an imaging volume. We propose a new normal distribution, p(D) /spl sim/ exp(- 1/2 D:A:D), for a tensor random variable, D. The scalar invariant, D:A:D, is the contraction of a positive definite symmetric 4th-order precision tensor, A, and D. A formal correspondence is established between D:A:D and the elastic strain energy density function in continuum mechanics. We show that A can then be classified according to different classical elastic symmetries (i.e., isotropy, transverse isotropy, orthotropy, planar symmetry, and anisotropy). When A is an isotropic tensor, an explicit expression for p(D), and for the distribution of its three eigenvalues, p(/spl gamma//sub 1/,/spl gamma//sub 2/,/spl gamma//sub 3/), are derived, which are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. Sample estimates of A are also obtained using synthetic DT-MRI data. Estimates of p(D) should be useful in feature extraction and in classification of noisy, discrete tensor data.
Single Molecule Fingerprinting Reveals Different Amplification Properties of α-Synuclein Oligomers and Preformed Fibrils in Seeding Assay (2022)

The quantification of α-synuclein aggregates has emerged as a promising biomarker for synucleinopathies. Assays that amplify and detect such aggregates have revealed the presence of seeding-competent species in biosamples of patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. However, multiple species, such as oligomers and amyloid fibrils, are formed during the aggregation of α-synuclein; these species are likely to coexist in biological samples, and thus it remains unclear which species(s) are contributing to the signal detected in seeding assays. To identify individual contributions to the amplification process, recombinant oligomers and preformed fibrils were produced and purified to characterize their individual biochemical and seeding potential. Here, we used single molecule spectroscopy to track the formation and purification of oligomers and fibrils at the single particle level and compare their respective seeding potential in an amplification assay. Single molecule detection validates that size-exclusion chromatography efficiently separates oligomers from fibrils. Oligomers were found to be seeding-competent, but our results reveal that their seeding behavior is very different compared to that of preformed fibrils, in our amplification assay. Overall, our data suggest that even a low number of preformed fibrils present in biosamples is likely to dominate the response in seeding assays.
Antiepileptic Drugs in Patients With Liver Disease (2015)

Abstract The use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the presence of liver diseases and hepatic dysfunction is associated with an increased risk of adverse effects. Knowledge of the mechanisms of metabolism and elimination of these drugs is crucial when selecting an AED in epilepsy patients with liver disease.
ATTN-SPAN (2012)

ATTN-SPAN is a digital content summarization and contextualization platform designed to compile video footage into personalized episodes. Viewers are able to associate opinions and externally sourced static content to moments within the video, creating a far richer viewing experience and supporting a community knowledge base around civic information. The pilot project utilizes C-SPAN footage to create daily episodes for each user of the system based on his or her political interests.
Control of charging in low‐voltage SEM (1989)

Abstract Charging of the specimen under electron beam irradiation is a common problem in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It results in unstable imaging conditions and a loss in resolution due to defocus of the beam. In addition, it can cause permanent changes in some specimens from translocation of mobile ions under the influence of the induced electrostatic field. To minimize charging and its associated problems, the incident beam energy must be carefully chosen to be the value E 2 at which a dynamic charge balance is obtained. This article presents data on E 2 values for a variety of materials and demonstrates how E 2 is affected by the choice of angle of beam incidence.
Pharmacological Modulators of Sphingolipid Metabolism for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Inflammation (2012)

Pharmacological Modulators of Sphingolipid Metabolism for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Inflammation
An integrative computational model for intestinal tissue renewal (2009)

We demonstrate that relaxing the assumption that stem-cell positions are fixed enables clonal expansion and niche succession to occur. We also predict that the presence of extracellular factors near the base of the crypt alone suffices to explain the observed spatial variation in nuclear beta-catenin levels along the crypt axis.
Predicting term-relevance from brain signals (2014)

Term-Relevance Prediction from Brain Signals (TRPB) is proposed to automatically detect relevance of text information directly from brain signals. An experiment with forty participants was conducted to record neural activity of participants while providing relevance judgments to text stimuli for a given topic. High-precision scientific equipment was used to quantify neural activity across 32 electroencephalography (EEG) channels. A classifier based on a multi-view EEG feature representation showed improvement up to 17% in relevance prediction based on brain signals alone. Relevance was also associated with brain activity with significant changes in certain brain areas. Consequently, TRPB is based on changes identified in specific brain areas and does not require user-specific training or calibration. Hence, relevance predictions can be conducted for unseen content and unseen participants. As an application of TRPB we demonstrate a high-precision variant of the classifier that constructs sets of relevant terms for a given unknown topic of interest. Our research shows that detecting relevance from brain signals is possible and allows the acquisition of relevance judgments without a need to observe any other user interaction. This suggests that TRPB could be used in combination or as an alternative for conventional implicit feedback signals, such as dwell time or click-through activity.
Host Carbon Dioxide Concentration Is an Independent Stress for Cryptococcus neoformans That Affects Virulence and Antifungal Susceptibility (2019)

The ability of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> to cause disease in humans varies significantly among strains with highly related genotypes. In general, environmental isolates of pathogenic species such as <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> var. <i>grubii</i> have reduced virulence relative to clinical isolates, despite having no differences in the expression of the canonical virulence traits (high-temperature growth, melanization, and capsule formation). In this observation, we report that environmental isolates of <i>C. neoformans</i> tolerate host CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations poorly compared to clinical isolates and that CO<sub>2</sub> tolerance correlates well with the ability of the isolates to cause disease in mammals. Initial experiments also suggest that CO<sub>2</sub> tolerance is particularly important for dissemination of <i>C. neoformans</i> from the lung to the brain. Furthermore, CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations affect the susceptibility of both clinical and environmental <i>C. neoformans</i> isolates to the azole class of antifungal drugs, suggesting that antifungal testing in the presence of CO<sub>2</sub> may improve the correlation between <i>in vitro</i> azole activity and patient outcome.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> A number of studies comparing either patient outcomes or model system virulence across large collections of <i>Cryptococcus</i> isolates have found significant heterogeneity in virulence even among strains with highly related genotypes. Because this heterogeneity cannot be explained by variations in the three well-characterized virulence traits (growth at host body temperature, melanization, and polysaccharide capsule formation), it has been widely proposed that additional <i>C. neoformans</i> virulence traits must exist. The natural niche of <i>C. neoformans</i> is in the environment, where the carbon dioxide concentration is very low (∼0.04%); in contrast, mammalian host tissue carbon dioxide concentrations are 125-fold higher (5%). We have found that the ability to grow in the presence of 5% carbon dioxide distinguishes low-virulence strains from high-virulence strains, even those with a similar genotype. Our findings suggest that carbon dioxide tolerance is a previously unrecognized virulence trait for <i>C. neoformans</i>.
Similar Metabolic Effects of Pulsatile Versus Continuous Human Insulin Delivery During Euglycemic, Hyperinsulinemic Glucose Clamp in Normal Man (1984)

Seven normal volunteers were studied on two different occasions during which 4-h pulsatile (PULS: 0.8 mU X kg-1 X min-1, 7.5 min of 15) and continuous (CONT: 0.4 mU X kg-1 X min-1) intravenous (i.v.) infusions of human insulin (Actrapid HM, Novo) were randomly compared. A euglycemic glucose clamp was performed and a 3-3H-glucose infusion was used for determination of endogenous glucose production (EGP) and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of glucose. Plasma glucose was similar in both conditions; plasma insulin was stable at about 29 mU/L (CONT) and fluctuated between 10 and 45 mU/L (mean: 28, PULS). Exogenous glucose infused was 1.137 +/- 0.058 and 1.088 +/- 0.099 g X kg-1 X 4 h-1 in CONT and PULS, respectively (NS). EGP was totally suppressed in both conditions. Glucose MCR increased similarly to a maximum of 6.71 +/- 0.19 (CONT) and 6.79 +/- 0.59 (PULS) ml X kg-1 X min-1 during the fourth hour. C-peptide plasma levels remained stable, whereas plasma glucagon, free fatty acids, and 3-hydroxybutyrate were similarly suppressed in both tests. Thus, under these conditions, pulsatile and continuous insulin infusions have similar metabolic effects. These data contrast with those of Matthews et al. (1983) who reported that, at lower plasma concentrations (5-19 mU/L), pulsatile insulin had greater hypoglycemic effect than did continuous delivery. It is concluded that pulsatile insulin shows no greater activity under normoglycemic, moderately hyperinsulinemic conditions in man.
425. The synthesis of 3′-methyl-4′-nitrobiphenylcarboxylic acids by the reaction of 3-methyl-4-nitrobenzenediazonium acetate with methyl benzoate (1962)

E. Boyland and J. W. Gorrod, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 2209 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620002209