gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Background Gas Pressure on Evaporation of Oxides from Sb-Doped Si Melt (1994)

Evaporation losses of oxide species from undoped and Sb-doped Si melt in a silica crucible were measured by the thermogravimetric method. The melts were maintained at 1450° C under an atmosphere of pure Ar at pressures ranging from 100 to 780 Torr. The evaporation rate of all species decreased with increasing Ar pressure, although the pressure dependence of the evaporation rate was species-dependent. Increasing the Ar pressure from 100 to 780 Torr resulted in a 50% decrease in the SiO evaporation rate, whereas, over the same pressure range, the evaporation rate of Sb 2 O decreased by only 17%. We therefore conclude that the pressure of the background gas over a melt can be used to control the evaporation of oxide species from Si melts.
OC280: Prenatal prediction of homozygous α‐thalassaemia using ultrasonographic placental thickness, fetal cardiothoracic ratio and middle cerebral artery Doppler (2007)

To compare the predictive values of three ultrasonographic parameters (placental thickness (PT), fetal cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCAPSV)), alone or in combination, in pregnancies affected by homozygous α-thalassaemia. At-risk women were prospectively studied using serial ultrasound examinations to exclude affected pregnancies. The final diagnosis was confirmed at birth or by a prenatal invasive test followed by DNA or hemoglobin analyses. Outcome measures included sensitivities, false-positive rates and receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Of 576 pregnancies studied from 1995 to 2006, 145 (25.2%) were affected. At 12–13 weeks' gestation, fetal cardiomegaly predicted the affected pregnancies significantly better than placentomegaly (area under ROC curve, 0.949 vs. 0.687, P < 0.05). The sensitivity for prediction of the affected pregnancies was 90.6% for fetal cardiomegaly (CTR ≥ 0.5), 69.8% for placentomegaly (PT > 18 mm) and 65.1% for combined testing. The corresponding false-positive rate was 6.8%, 50.3% and 2.8% respectively. At 14–15 weeks' gestation, the sensitivity for prediction of affected pregnancies was 93.8% for fetal cardiomegaly, 93.8% for placentomegaly and 87.5% for combined testing. The corresponding false-positive rate was 16.7%, 76.9% and 17.7% respectively. MCAPSV was not predictive in early second trimester. However, at 18–19 weeks' gestation, MCAPSV (at a cut-off 1.5 multiples of the median) predicted affected pregnancies significantly better than fetal cardiomegaly (area under ROC curve, 0.959 vs. 0.788, P < 0.05). The sensitivity for the prediction of affected pregnancies was 100.0% for fetal cardiomegaly and 57.1% for high MCAPSV while the corresponding false-positive rate was 46.2% and 0% respectively. The best ultrasonographic predictor of affected pregnancies at 12–13 weeks' and 18–19 weeks' gestation was fetal CTR and MCAPSV respectively.
Improvements in the mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of MgO-C refractories with the addition of nano-Y2O3 powder (2019)

Nano-Y2O3 powder was added to the composition of MgO-C refractory to improve its mechanical properties and oxidation resistance. The changes in bulk density (BD), flexural strength (FS), cold crushing strength (CCS), and oxidation rate were studied with the phase and microstructural developments. The BD, FS and CCS of the MgO-C refractories were increased by adding the nano-Y2O3 powder, which contributed to the dispersion of the nano-Y2O3 in the gaps between differently sized MgO particles. Meanwhile, the oxidation rate of the MgO-C refractory added with the nano-Y2O3 was decreased owing to a dense oxidised layer was formed. The dense layer hindered the inward diffusion of oxygen and protected the refractory from oxidation.
Notizen: Magnesium-alkyl-bor-wasserstoffe und ihr reaktives Verhalten II (1961)

Die Darstellung von Magnesiumwasserstoff aus Magnesiumdiäthyl und Diboran verläuft über Magnesium-alkyl-bor-wasserstoffe als Zwischenstufen. Hierzu werden neue experimentelle Ergebnisse mitgeteilt.
Kraft Lignin: A Valuable, Sustainable Resource, Opportunities and Challenges (2023)

Kraft lignin, a by-product from the production of pulp, is currently incinerated in the recovery boiler during the chemical recovery cycle, generating valuable bioenergy and recycling inorganic chemicals to the pulping process operation. Removing lignin from the black liquor or its gasification lowers the recovery boiler load enabling increased pulp production. During the past ten years, lignin separation technologies have emerged and the interest of the research community to valorize this underutilized resource has been invigorated. The aim of this Review is to give (1) a dedicated overview of the kraft process with a focus on the lignin, (2) an overview of applications that are being developed, and (3) a techno-economic and life cycle asseeements of value chains from black liquor to different products. Overall, it is anticipated that this effort will inspire further work for developing and using kraft lignin as a commodity raw material for new applications undeniably promoting pivotal global sustainability concerns.
Optimization of acoustic mirrors for solidly mounted BAW resonators (2006)

The overall performance of bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters is dominated by the effective coupling coefficient and the quality factor of the constituting BAW resonators. Whereas the effective coupling coefficient and its dependency on the layer stack is quite accurately modeled with a simple one-dimensional acousto-electric model (e.g. Masonstransmission line model), the prediction and optimization of the resonators quality factor - particularly for solidly mounted resonators (SMR) - completely fails with this model: whereas a calculation of the acoustic reflectance of a standard quarter-wavelength mirror stack leads to theoretical Q-factors well above 10000, experimental SMR devices with this type of mirror show values of typically well below 1000. This discrepancy is commonly explained by either visco-elastic loss in the materials and/or laterally leaking waves leaving the active resonator area. However, we have found a new, far more important loss mechanism relating to shear waves generated in the device. These waves can be created by injection from the resonators border area as well as by reflection/refraction of longitudinal waves at non-perpendicular angle of incidence to a material interface. In this paper, a quantitative methodology for the optimization of the acoustic mirror layer stack will be proposed. The influence of the mirror structure on the trapping of both longitudinal and shear wave energy will be discussed based on this very simple approach. Trade-offs with respect to the other important device parameters, such as effective coupling coefficient, temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) and purity of the electrical response, are analyzed. The usefulness of this approach for the optimization of resonator Q-values will be proven by experimental results demonstrating Q-factors of 1500 and higher.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage and diffuse vasculopathy in an adult infected with HIV (2007)

This 34-year-old man with a 10-year history of HIV infection presented with an acute onset of severe headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, and left-sided weakness. Computed tomography (CT) scanning demonstrated diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and subsequent CT angiography revealed multiple large and giant intracranial aneurysms with diffuse vasculopathy. The patient's CD4-positive cell count was low, although he had been receiving combination antiretroviral therapy and his viral load was undetectable. The preponderance of the literature on HIV-infected patients with intracranial vascular involvement has concerned children in whom there is a high viral load. In such children, appropriate antiretroviral therapy may result in the complete resolution of these vascular abnormalities. In the present study, the authors report on the unique case of an HIV-infected adult patient who presented with SAH, diffuse intracranial vasculopathy, and multiple giant and fusiform aneurysms, despite having received adequate antiretroviral treatment and demonstrating an undetectable viral load. Intracranial vascular involvement in these patients may become increasingly common as the management of HIV infection continues to improve and afflicted patients survive for longer periods.
Aviso (2008)

Los resultados mencionados en el presente documento son de propiedad intelectual exclusiva de la población Yanesha. En otros términos, cualquier investigación realizada sobre la base del presente estudio o cualquier beneficio que pudieran traer investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas hechas sobre las plantas mencionadas en este documento, tendrán que involucrar directamente a las comunidades yaneshas y, asimismo, responder a los deseos y las necesidades de los comuneros. Toda la propiedad intel...
Dramatic reduction of read disturb through pulse width control in spin torque random access memory (2013)

Magnetizations dynamic effect in low current read disturb region is studied both experimentally and theoretically. Dramatic read error rate reduction through read pulse width control is theoretically predicted and experimentally observed. The strong dependence of read error rate upon pulse width contrasts conventional energy barrier approach and can only be obtained considering detailed magnetization dynamics at long time thermal magnetization reversal region. Our study provides a design possibility for ultra-fast low current spin torque random access memory.
Successfully Stifling Retroperitoneal and Pelvic Exsanguination by Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta in a Rural Setting (2022)

Background: Torso hemorrhages are increasingly controlled by transient employment of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA). Few studies report patients’ conditions after the initial resuscitation period using REBOA, especially in a rural setting. We present a highly successful 1-year post-operative recovery using REBOA for retroperitoneal and pelvic exsanguination.Methods: A 36-year-old female suffered a constellation of traumatic injuries after being ejected from her motorcycle. She arrived at a rural level 1 trauma center shortly thereafter.Results: REBOA was employed to control profuse hemorrhaging and the patient had a highly resilient recovery after one year. A literature review was conducted to highlight the points of contention regarding the controversial use of REBOA.Conclusion: REBOA can produce favorable results with minimal long-term deficits when controlling pelvicexsanguination.
Does Atrazine Affect Larval Development and Sexual Differentiation of South African Clawed Frogs? (2009)

The potential impact of atrazine (ATZ) on gonadal malformations in larval Xenopus laevis has been controversially discussed, and a hypothesis has been generated that ATZ might induce the estrogen-synthesizing enzyme aromatase, leading to feminization or demasculinization. Recently, extensive long-term studies clearly indicate that no adverse effect of ATZ on larval development and sexual differentiation could be found. Therefore, to determine potential transient impacts of ATZ on sexual differentiation processes, short-term exposures were conducted using tadpoles treated for 4 days with ATZ at 25 microg/L. The expression levels of the key players for sexual differentiation in amphibians were determined in the brain, assessing aromatase, 5alpha-reductase type 1 (S1) and type 2 (S2), and the gonadotropins luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, and in the gonads, measuring aromatase, S1, and S2, by means of quantitative RT-PCR. No significant changes in any of these parameters have been found, implicating, in accordance with recent long-term exposures, that no aromatase induction by ATZ could be observed, and it seems likely that no further endocrine mechanism of ATZ affecting sexual differentiation in X. laevis exists.
ELECTRON SPIN RELAXATION OF A@C60 (2005)

The electron spin decoherence in endohedral fullerene A@C 60 is studied at low temperature using master equation under the Markov approximation. At lower magnetic field the polarization decay occurs with form e -(t/T 1 ) 2 consitent with previous reports having decays of the order of ℏ/A, and the relationship [Formula: see text] is satisfied. For the case of A@C 60 (A = N,P ) endohedral fullerenes, the decay times on the order of tens of ns are calculated. For a strong external magnetic field, polarization strongly depends on the external magnetic field, the decay time is suppressed.
More Ray Tracing (2018)

This chapter discusses some fancier techniques that can be used to ray-trace a wider variety of scenes and to include a wider variety of effects. Some extensions allow more general geometry: instancing and constructive solid geometry are two ways to make models more complex with minimal complexity added to the program. Other extensions add to the range of materials can handle: refraction through transparent materials, like glass and water, and glossy reflections on a variety of surfaces are essential for realism in many scenes. The chapter also discusses the general framework of distribution ray tracing, a powerful extension to the basic ray-tracing idea in which multiple random rays are sent through each pixel in an image to produce images with smooth edges and to simply and elegantly produce a wide range of effects from soft shadows to camera depth-of-field.
Relative neurotoxicological properties of five unsaturated aliphatic nitriles in rats (1998)

Motor and sensory conduction velocities (MCV and SCV) and amplitudes of the sensory and motor action potentials (ASAP and AMAP) of the tail nerve were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats during chronic oral treatment with five unsaturated aliphatic nitriles. Rats were given doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg kg−1 of acrylonitrile, 50, 70 and 90 mg kg−1 of methacrylonitrile, 25, 50 and 100 mg kg−1 of trans-3-pentenenitrile and 50, 100 and 200 mg kg−1 of either 3-methyl-2-butenenitrile or 4-pentenenitrile once a day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks. Moreover, due the the early results obtained after oral treatment, neurophysiological examinations were also carried out in rats exposed by inhalation to 25, 50 and 100 ppm of acrylonitrile for 6 h a day, 5 days per week for 24 weeks. Rats given acrylonitrile orally developed behavioural sensitization characterized by salivation, locomotor hyperactivity and moderately intense stereotypies. Moreover, rats in the high dose group developed weakness in hindlimbs associated with decreases in SCV and ASAP. Rats exposed to acrylonitrile vapours exhibited time- and concentration-dependent decreases in MCV, SCV and ASAP, which were partially reversible after 8 weeks of recovery. None of the other four nitriles caused any abnormal behaviour or any changes in the electrophysiological parameters in spite of an obvious general toxicity. Based upon these results, it can be concluded that the nervous system of the rat appears to be a target following either oral or inhalation exposures of acrylonitrile. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exercise training augments Sirt1-signaling and attenuates cardiac inflammation in D-galactose induced-aging rats (2018)

Exercise is known to be beneficial in controlling aging associated disorders however, the consequence of long-term exercise on cardiac health among aging population is not much clear. In this study the protective effect of exercise on aging associated cardiac disorders was determined using a D-galactose-induced aging model. Eight weeks old Sprague Dawley rats were given intraperitoneal injection of 150 mL/kg D-galactose. Swimming exercise was provided in warm water for 60 min/day for five days per week. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of cardiac tissue sections revealed cardiomyocyte disarrangements in the aging rat hearts but long-term exercise training showed improvements in the cardiac histology. Exercise training also enhanced the expression levels of proteins such as SIRT1, PGC-1α and AMPKα1 that are associated with energy homeostasis and further suppressed aging associated inflammatory cytokines. Our results show that long-term exercise training potentially enhances SIRT1 associated anti-aging signaling and provide cardio-protection against aging.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTITUSSIVE ACTIVITY OF AMINOTETRA‐ (AND ‐HEXA‐) HYDRODIBENZOFURANS (1977)

Abstract (IIc) sowie aus (IIa) das Enamin (Ia) bzw. die Oxim‐Derivate (IVa) und (IVb), die über eine Ringspaltung zu den Aminoketonen (V) umgelagert werden können.
The analysis of device performance on a different shallow trench isolation (STI) liner scheme (2012)

The space of STI is considered as critical parameter for filling the STI trench free of void. On the other hand, as thickness of liner is thinner, it is insufficient to trap mobile charge and to satisfy the adhesion. The impact of STI liner with mechanical stress on electrical performance was studied. The performance increase from changing the liner scheme was verified 3%, 8% in narrow width transistor respectively. The stress effect due to changing the liner scheme showed the more sensitive to PMOS rather than NMOS. Using the thinner liner oxidation make the performance increase considering the stress effect. A kind of the material being used among gap filling in the STI trench is considered on mechanical stress effect, since this affects the slight better or worse behavior on the device performance on CMOS technology.
Comparative feeding value of extruded and nonextruded wheat and corn distillers dried grains with solubles for broilers (2010)

The feeding value of extruded and nonextruded wheat and corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) for broilers was evaluated in 2 experiments. In experiment 1, male broilers (n=360) housed in battery cages were fed assay diets that included either 15 or 30% wheat or corn DDGS (extruded or not) in relation to a basal diet from d 21 to 28. Birds were killed on d 28 and ileal digesta was collected to establish the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) coefficients of energy and nutrients for test ingredients using the difference method based on 5 cages of 8 birds per diet. In experiment 2, a 42-d study compared the growth performance of broilers fed phase diets including 0, 5, or 10% wheat or corn DDGS, based on 4 pens of 55 birds per diet×sex combination. Diets within phase were formulated to have a similar content of AME, CP, and digestible lysine. Breast meat weight and yield were determined on d 37 by sampling 5 birds per pen. In experiment 1, at 15% inclusion, AID coefficients of most amino acids were higher for corn DDGS than for wheat DDGS (P<0.05). At 30% inclusion, however, there were fewer differences in AID between corn and wheat DDGS. Twin-screw extrusion increased the AID of AA in both corn and wheat DDGS by 10 to 34% (P<0.05). In experiment 2, there was no adverse effect of including corn or wheat DDGS at up to 10% of the diet on pen average daily weight gain, feed disappearance, feed efficiency, breast meat weight, or yield. In conclusion, extrusion increased the feeding value of DDGS. The AID coefficients for amino acids were similar between corn and wheat DDGS. We also confirmed that either corn or wheat DDGS can be included at up to 10% of wheat-based broiler diets without affecting growth performance or breast meat yield.
Constrained modeling of spin–labeled major coat protein mutants from M13 bacteriophage in a phospholipid bilayer (2001)

The family of three-dimensional molecular structures of the major coat protein from the M13 bacteriophage, which was determined in detergent micelles by NMR methods, has been analyzed by constrained geometry optimization in a phospholipid environment. A single-layer solvation shell of dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine lipids was built around the protein, after replacing single residues by cysteines with a covalently attached maleimide spin label. Both the residues substituted and the phospholipid were chosen for comparison with site-directed spin labeling EPR measurements of distance and local mobility made previously on membranous assemblies of the M13 coat protein purified from viable mutants. The main criteria for identifying promising candidate structures, out of the 300 single-residue mutant models generated for the membranous state, were 1) lack of steric conflicts with the phospholipid bilayer, 2) good match of the positions of spin-labeled residues along the membrane normal with EPR measurements, and 3) a good match between the sequence profiles of local rotational freedom and a structural restriction parameter for the spin-labeled residues obtained from the model. A single subclass of structure has been identified that best satisfies these criteria simultaneously. The model presented here is useful for the interpretation of future experimental data on membranous M13 coat protein systems. It is also a good starting point for full-scale molecular dynamics simulations and for the design of further site-specific spectroscopic experiments.
Recent Developments in Anode Materials for Li Secondary Batteries (2008)

휴대용 전자기기의 전원으로 채용되어 상업적으로도 성공을 거두고 있는 리튬이차전지는 HEV(Hybrid Electric Vehicle)와 같은 비IT용 전원으로서도 중요성을 더하고 있다. 리튬이차전지는 리튬금속을 사용함에 따라서 초래되는 안전성을 문제를 탄소계음극을 채용하고 이에 따른 안전기구를 확보함에 의해 상용화 되었다고 할 수 있다. 이와 같이 전지에 있어 전극소재의 개발은 핵심기술이라 할 수 있으며, 점차 그 응용처가 확대되어 가고 있는 리튬이차전지의 전극소재 개발은 전지 산업뿐만 아니라 타 산업에 미치는 영향은 크다고 할 수 있다. 여기서는 리튬이차전지가 상용화되어 온 이후 채용되어온 음극과 개발중인 음극 후보에 대해 그 장단점을 분석해 보고자 한다. Li secondary batteries, which have been in successful commercialization, are becoming important technology as power sources in non-IT application like HEV(Hybrid Electric Vehicle) as well as in portable electronics. It is not the overstatement that the commercialization of Li secondary battery was a result of the development of carbonaceous anode material and safety mechanisms. The R&D of electrode materials of Li secondary batteries is one of the core technologies in the development and it has enormous influences on various fields as well as on the battery industry. Here, the current research of anode materials is described and the underlying problems associated with development, advantages and drawbacks is analyzed.
LEACHING OF HEAVY METALS FROM COMPOSTED SEWAGE SLUDGE AS A FUNCTION OF pH (1986)

The relative short-term leaching rates of the metals Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn from composted sewage sludge was determined over the pH range of 2.5–7.0 at 0.5 pH unit intervals. Only Zn and Cd leached significantly faster as the pH was lowered, with both showing the greatest solubility increase over the pH range of 5.5–6.0. Key words: Metal leaching, heavy metals, sewage sludge, soil pH