gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A single-chip transceiver for 802.11a and Hiperlan2 wireless LANs (2003)

A fully integrated transceiver for 802.11a and Hiperlan2 wireless local area network applications is described. This single-chip transceiver employs direct conversion with on-chip channel-select filters and DC offset cancellation servo circuitry, as well as correction loops for maintaining accurate I/Q balancing and transmitter power control. The transceiver exceeds both WLAN standard requirements for the 54 Mbps mode, demonstrating a receiver sensitivity of -75 dBm for this mode. A highly flexible interface allows a variety of baseband processors to interface with this chip.
Disclosure of a Promising Lead to Tackle Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Actions of Peptide PP4-3.1 (2021)

Efficient antibiotics are being exhausted, which compromises the treatment of infections, including complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSTI) often associated with multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria, methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) being the most prevalent. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are being increasingly regarded as the new hope for the post-antibiotic era. Thus, future management of cSSTI may include use of peptides that, on the one hand, behave as AMP and, on the other, are able to promote fast and correct skin rebuilding. As such, we combined the well-known cosmeceutical pentapeptide-4 (PP4), devoid of antimicrobial action but possessing collagenesis-boosting properties, with the AMP 3.1, to afford the chimeric peptide PP4-3.1. We further produced its <i>N</i>-methyl imidazole derivative, MeIm-PP4-3.1. Both peptide-based constructs were evaluated in vitro against Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and <i>Candida</i> spp. fungi. Additionally, the antibiofilm activity, the toxicity to human keratinocytes, and the activity against <i>S. aureus</i> in simulated wound fluid (SWF) were assessed. The chimeric peptide PP4-3.1 stood out for its potent activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including against MDR clinical isolates (0.8 ≤ MIC ≤ 5.7 µM), both in planktonic form and in biofilm matrix. The peptide was also active against three clinically relevant species of <i>Candida</i> fungi, with an overall performance superior to that of fluconazole. Altogether, data reveal that PP4-3.1 is as a promising lead for the future development of new topical treatments for severe skin infections.
Platelet thrombus formation in eHUS is prevented by anti-MBL2 (2019)

E. coli associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (epidemic hemolytic uremic syndrome, eHUS) caused by Shiga toxin-producing bacteria is characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and acute kidney injury that cause acute renal failure in up to 65% of affected patients. We hypothesized that the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway of complement activation plays an important role in human eHUS, as we previously demonstrated that injection of Shiga Toxin-2 (Stx-2) led to fibrin deposition in mouse glomeruli that was blocked by co-injection of the anti-MBL-2 antibody 3F8. However, the markers of platelet thrombosis in affected mouse glomeruli were not delineated. To investigate the effect of 3F8 on markers of platelet thrombosis, we used kidney sections from our mouse model (MBL-2+/+ Mbl-A/C-/-; MBL2 KI mouse). Mice in the control group received PBS, while mice in a second group received Stx-2, and those in a third group received 3F8 and Stx-2. Using double immunofluorescence (IF) followed by digital image analysis, kidney sections were stained for fibrin(ogen) and CD41 (marker for platelets), von-Willebrand factor (marker for endothelial cells and platelets), and podocin (marker for podocytes). Electron microscopy (EM) was performed on ultrathin sections from mice and human with HUS. Injection of Stx-2 resulted in an increase of both fibrin and platelets in glomeruli, while administration of 3F8 with Stx-2 reduced both platelet and fibrin to control levels. EM studies confirmed that CD41-positive objects observed by IF were platelets. The increases in platelet number and fibrin levels by injection of Stx-2 are consistent with the generation of platelet-fibrin thrombi that were prevented by 3F8.
Interactive BRDF Estimation for Mixed-Reality Applications (2012)

Recent methods in augmented reality allow simulating mutual light interactions between real and virtual objects.\nThese methods are able to embed virtual objects in a more sophisticated way than previous methods. However,\ntheir main drawback is that they need a virtual representation of the real scene to be augmented in the form of\ngeometry and material properties. In the past, this representation had to be modeled in advance, which is very time\nconsuming and only allows for static scenes.\nWe propose a method that reconstructs the surrounding environment and estimates its Bidirectional Reflectance\nDistribution Function (BRDF) properties at runtime without any preprocessing. By using the Microsoft Kinect sensor\nand an optimized hybrid CPU &amp; GPU-based BRDF estimation method, we are able to achieve interactive frame\nrates. The proposed method was integrated into a differential instant radiosity rendering system to demonstrate its\nfeasibility.
Neutron spin evolution through broadband current sheet spin flippers (2013)

Controlled manipulation of neutron spin is a critical tool for many neutron scattering techniques. We have constructed current-sheet, neutron spin flippers for use in Spin Echo Scattering Angle Measurement (SESAME) that comprise pairs of open-faced solenoids which introduce an abrupt field reversal at a shared boundary. The magnetic fields generated by the coils have been mapped and compared with both an analytical approximation and a numerical boundary integral calculation. The agreement is generally good, allowing the former method to be used for rapid calculations of the Larmor phase acquired by a neutron passing through the flipper. The evolution of the neutron spin through the current sheets inside the flipper is calculated for various geometries of the current-carrying conductors, including different wire shapes, arrangements, and common imperfections. The flipping efficiency is found to be sensitive to gaps between wires and between current sheets. SESAME requires flippers with high fields and flipping planes inclined to the neutron beam. To avoid substantial neutron depolarization, such flippers require an interdigitated arrangement of wires.
Snips Voice Platform: an embedded Spoken Language Understanding system\n for private-by-design voice interfaces (2018)

This paper presents the machine learning architecture of the Snips Voice\nPlatform, a software solution to perform Spoken Language Understanding on\nmicroprocessors typical of IoT devices. The embedded inference is fast and\naccurate while enforcing privacy by design, as no personal user data is ever\ncollected. Focusing on Automatic Speech Recognition and Natural Language\nUnderstanding, we detail our approach to training high-performance Machine\nLearning models that are small enough to run in real-time on small devices.\nAdditionally, we describe a data generation procedure that provides sufficient,\nhigh-quality training data without compromising user privacy.\n
The effect of recombination between the X and Y chromosomes of mammals (1987)

Recent molecular analysis has proved the hypothesis that parts of the human sex chromosomes are homologous and can recombine in male meiosis. The biological consequences of this recombination have been investigated by considering the joint effect of neutral mutation and random genetic drift on a locus that is closely linked to the non-homologous segments of the sex chromosomes, but which recombines with them in an appreciable frequency. Our model predicts that, in the absence of selection, allelic differentiation between genes carried on the X and on the Y chromosomes will develop only if the recombination rate is of the same order of magnitude as the mutation rate or smaller. Similarly, a mutation favourable in males but disadvantageous in females will increase in frequency on the Y chromosomes, while remaining rare on the X chromosomes, only if the recombination rate is smaller than the fitness advantage of the mutation. The X and Y chromosomes are, thus, not expected to show any genetic differentiation for almost all of their homologous parts. Divergence will occur only for loci that very rarely recombine between the sex chromosomes.
Application of a Java-based, univel geometry, neutral particle Monte Carlo code to the searchlight problem (2016)

A univel geometry, neutral particle Monte Carlo transport code, written entirely in the Java programming language, is under development for medical radiotherapy applications. The code uses ENDF-VI based continuous energy cross section data in a flexible XML format. Full neutron-photon coupling, including detailed photon production and photonuclear reactions, is included. Charged particle equilibrium is assumed within the patient model so that detailed transport of electrons produced by photon interactions may be neglected. External beam and internal distributed source descriptions for mixed neutron-photon sources are allowed. Flux and dose tallies are performed on a univel basis. A four-tap, shift-register-sequence random number generator is used. Initial verification and validation testing of the basic neutron transport routines is underway. The searchlight problem was chosen as a suitable first application because of the simplicity of the physical model. Results show excellent agreement with analytic solutions. Computation times for similar numbers of histories are comparable to other neutron MC codes written in C and FORTRAN.
<title>Development of a high-power x-band relativistic two-stream amplifier</title> (1997)

The operating principles and basic design equations of the relativistic two-stream amplifier (RTSA) are presented. A dispersion relation is obtained for two relativistic electron beams interacting with a slow wave structure for RF power extraction. A conceptual design is presented for the development of a high-power X-band RTSA.
ChemInform Abstract: HALOGENTHIOAETHER 1. MITT. BEITRAG ZUR UMSETZUNG VON THIOAETHERN MIT N‐CHLOR‐SUCCINIMID (1971)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Succinimids (II) mit den Thioäthern (Ia) bei 0°C in CH 2 Cl 2 bzw. (Ib) und (Ic) bei 45 ‐5 5°C und (Id) bei Raumtemperatur in CCl 4 , die zu den α‐monochlorierten Thioäthern (III) fuhrt, wird erneut untersucht.
Separation and detection of salmonellae using immunomagnetic particles (1991)

Purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) raised against Salmonella typhimurium flagellin was coupled to a range of magnetic particles. Binding of cells to the immunomagnetic particles was quantified using a bioluminescence technique. Based on the results obtained, Dynabeads were selected for further study. Various factors including the bacterial growth medium and the time and temperature of incubation affected cell binding. A 10 min incubation at ambient temperature was selected to maximise immunological binding and to minimise non‐specific interactions. Using these optimised separation parameters, S. typhimurium was enriched from a range of mixed cultures by between 3‐ and 2,700‐fold. Several commercially available genus‐specific Salmonella antisera were coupled to Dynabeads and screened for efficacy of cell binding. The optimum immunomagnetic particle system was used to separate viable Salmonella enteritidis from artificially contaminated egg yolk and detected down to a level of about 105 cfu.g‐1 in 20 min using the firefly bioluminescent assay. Further applications of the immunomagnetic particle technique are discussed.
Modern Low-Field MRI of the Musculoskeletal System (2022)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides essential information for diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders. Although most musculoskeletal MRI examinations are performed at 1.5 and 3.0 T, modern low-field MRI systems offer new opportunities for affordable MRI worldwide. In 2021, a 0.55 T modern low-field, whole-body MRI system with an 80-cm-wide bore was introduced for clinical use in the United States and Europe. Compared with current higher-field-strength MRI systems, the 0.55 T MRI system has a lower total ownership cost, including purchase price, installation, and maintenance. Although signal-to-noise ratios scale with field strength, modern signal transmission and receiver chains improve signal yield compared with older low-field magnetic resonance scanner generations. Advanced radiofrequency coils permit short echo spacing and overall compacter echo trains than previously possible. Deep learning-based advanced image reconstruction algorithms provide substantial improvements in perceived signal-to-noise ratios, contrast, and spatial resolution. Musculoskeletal tissue contrast evolutions behave differently at 0.55 T, which requires careful consideration when designing pulse sequences. Similar to other field strengths, parallel imaging and simultaneous multislice acquisition techniques are vital for efficient musculoskeletal MRI acquisitions. Pliable receiver coils with a more cost-effective design offer a path to more affordable surface coils and improve image quality. Whereas fat suppression is inherently more challenging at lower field strengths, chemical shift selective fat suppression is reliable and homogeneous with modern low-field MRI technology. Dixon-based gradient echo pulse sequences provide efficient and reliable multicontrast options, including postcontrast MRI. Metal artifact reduction MRI benefits substantially from the lower field strength, including slice encoding for metal artifact correction for effective metal artifact reduction of high-susceptibility metallic implants. Wide-bore scanner designs offer exciting opportunities for interventional MRI. This review provides an overview of the economical aspects, signal and image quality considerations, technological components and coils, musculoskeletal tissue relaxation times, and image contrast of modern low-field MRI and discusses the mainstream and new applications, challenges, and opportunities of musculoskeletal MRI.
Ginsenoside Rh2 is One of the Active Principles of Panax Ginseng Root to Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Fructose-rich Chow-fed Rats (2007)

Ginsenoside Rh2, one of the ginsenosides contained in the Panax ginseng root, was employed to screen the effect on insulin resistance of rats induced by a diet containing 60% fructose. Single intravenous injection of ginsenoside Rh2 decreased the plasma glucose concentrations in 60 minutes in a dose-dependent manner from 0.1 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg in rats with insulin resistance induced by fructose-rich chow. Repeated intravenous injection of ginsenoside Rh2 (1 mg/kg per injection, 3 times daily) into rats which received fructose-rich chow for 3 consecutive days decreased the value of glucose-insulin index, the product of the areas under the curve of glucose and insulin during the intraperitoneal (i.p.) glucose tolerance test. This means that ginsenoside Rh2 has an ability to improve insulin action on glucose disposal. The plasma glucose lowering action of tolbutamide, induced by the secretion of endogenous insulin, is widely used to characterize the formation of insulin resistance. Time for the loss of plasma glucose lowering response to tolbutamide (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats during insulin resistance induction by fructose-rich chow was also markedly delayed by the repeated treatment of ginsenoside Rh2, as compared to the vehicle-treated control. Thus, the repeated treatment of ginsenoside Rh2 delayed the development of insulin resistance in high fructose feeding rats. Increase of insulin sensitivity by ginsenoside Rh2 was further identified using the plasma glucose lowering action of exogenous insulin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ-diabetic rats). Repeated injection of ginsenoside Rh2 at the same dosing (1 mg/kg, 3 times daily) into STZ-diabetic rats for 10 days made an increase of the responses to exogenous insulin. Taken together, it can be concluded that ginsenoside Rh2 has an ability to improve insulin sensitivity and it seems suitable to use ginsenoside Rh2 as an adjuvant for diabetic patients and/or the subjects wishing to increase insulin sensitivity.
Preparation and Optical Properties of Amorphous SiO Nanowires (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements
Multiresolution tomographic reconstruction using wavelets (1995)

Shows how the separable two-dimensional wavelet representation leads naturally to an efficient multiresolution tomographic reconstruction algorithm. This algorithm is similar to the conventional filtered backprojection algorithm, except that the filters are now angle dependent, and the backprojection gives the wavelet coefficients of the reconstruction, which are then used to synthesize the reconstruction at various resolution levels. By reconstructing only a small localized region at high resolution, the authors show how radiation exposure and computation can be significantly reduced, compared to a standard reconstruction.
Global optimization based on active preference learning with radial basis functions (2020)

Abstract This paper proposes a method for solving optimization problems in which the decision-maker cannot evaluate the objective function, but rather can only express a preference such as “this is better than that” between two candidate decision vectors. The algorithm described in this paper aims at reaching the global optimizer by iteratively proposing the decision maker a new comparison to make, based on actively learning a surrogate of the latent (unknown and perhaps unquantifiable) objective function from past sampled decision vectors and pairwise preferences. A radial-basis function surrogate is fit via linear or quadratic programming, satisfying if possible the preferences expressed by the decision maker on existing samples. The surrogate is used to propose a new sample of the decision vector for comparison with the current best candidate based on two possible criteria: minimize a combination of the surrogate and an inverse weighting distance function to balance between exploitation of the surrogate and exploration of the decision space, or maximize a function related to the probability that the new candidate will be preferred. Compared to active preference learning based on Bayesian optimization, we show that our approach is competitive in that, within the same number of comparisons, it usually approaches the global optimum more closely and is computationally lighter. Applications of the proposed algorithm to solve a set of benchmark global optimization problems, for multi-objective optimization, and for optimal tuning of a cost-sensitive neural network classifier for object recognition from images are described in the paper. MATLAB and a Python implementations of the algorithms described in the paper are available at http://cse.lab.imtlucca.it/~bemporad/glis .
Thermal Expansion of Compounds of Zircon Structure (1990)

The thermal expansion behavior of 13 members of ABO 4 compounds of the zircon family is examined in terms of crystal chemical (size, charge, and mass of cations) and crystallographic ( a and c ) parameters. The systematic trend in the thermal expansion coefficients, α a and α c , with the ionic radii, r A and r B , can be explained in terms of the unique arrangement of M‐O polyhedra along a and c directions of this lattice. In the zircon structure, edge‐sharing ZrO 8 dodecahedra form a chain along the a direction while the chain along the c direction consists of alternate edgesharing SiO 4 tetrahedra and ZrO 8 triangular dodecahedra. Substitution in the A sites affects a and α a more than c and α c and the reverse is true for replacements in the B sites. Unequal valencies on the A and B sites affect thermal expansion coefficients, particularly α c .
CAD directions for high performance asynchronous circuits (1999)

This paper describes a novel methodology for high performance asynchronous design based on timed circuits and on CAD support for their synthesis using relative timing. This methodology was developed for a prototype iA32 instruction length decoding and steering unit called RAPPID ("revolving asynchronous Pentium processor instruction decoder") that was fabricated and tested successfully. Silicon results show significant advantages-in particular, performance of 2.5-4.5 instructions per nS-with manageable risks using this design technology. RAPPID achieves three times faster performance and half the latency dissipating only half the power and requiring a minor area penalty as a comparable 400 MHz clocked circuit. Relative timing is based on user-defined and automatically extracted relative timing assumptions between signal transitions in a circuit and its environment. It supports the specification, synthesis, and verification of high-performance asynchronous circuits, such as pulse-mode circuits, that can be derived from an initial speed-independent specification. Relative Timing presents a "middle-ground" between clocked and asynchronous circuits, and is a fertile area for CAD development. We discuss possible directions for future CAD development.
COVID-19: Understanding Construction Industry Responses on Twitter in the Emergence of Novel Coronavirus (2022)

COVID-19 has spread rampantly in 2020 and people in different countries experienced unprecedented challenges to respond immediately. It has deeply shaken different industries and the overall economy. Many businesses were closed during this disease outbreak, but the construction industry continued to operate while others struggled. As the pandemic spread, the intensity of social media interactions dramatically increased as people started maintaining physical distances and staying at home. Recent studies have shown that social media serves the purpose of disseminating information in major crises and such social interactions correlate with what happens in the real world. Unlike traditional media, social media data also offered sufficient statistical power to understand risk communication patterns. The construction industry adopted innovative strategies to continue its operations and activities while responding to a number of concerns associated with health risks of the workers on site. This study aims at identifying the emerging communication patterns of construction stakeholders on social media (Twitter) during COVID-19. Around 12 million tweets were collected in the early days of the ongoing pandemic (March, April, and May 2020) by Twitter Application Programming Interface (API), in the region of North America; then filtered this data based on keywords pertaining to COVID-19 and construction activities. Such information was processed by applying several machine learning and natural language processing techniques. The spatiotemporal patterns of construction risk communication revealed in this study would support policymakers, businesses, and other industries to take more efficient measures and be more resilient both in the current and future pandemics.