gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isotopic and Kinetic Assessment of the Mechanism of CH3OH−H2O Catalysis on Supported Copper Clusters (2008)

This study provides kinetic and isotopic evidence for the identity and kinetic relevance of elementary steps in CH3OH−H2O reactions on monofunctional Cu-based catalysts. H2, CO2, and CO were the only products formed in these reactions, which proceed via kinetically relevant C−H bond activation in chemisorbed methoxides. All other elementary steps are in quasi-equilibrium, consistent with the effects of reactants and products on rates, with isotopic tracing and kinetic isotope evidence, and with the equilibrated nature of water gas shift reactions at all reaction conditions. Turnover rates increased with CH3OH pressure but did not depend on CO, CO2, or H2O concentrations. H2 inhibited CH3OH−H2O reactions by decreasing the concentration of surface methoxide intermediates via quasi-equilibrated CH3OH dissociation steps. Isotopic scrambling was complete among hydroxyl groups in methanol and water, but undetectable among hydroxyl and methyl groups in methanol, consistent with quasi-equilibrated O−H activation and irreversible C−H activation steps. Deuterium substitution at methyl groups in methanol gave normal kinetic isotope effects, whereas substitution at hydroxyl groups in methanol or water led to weaker isotope effects consistent with their thermodynamic origin from quasi-equilibrated O−H activation steps. These mechanistic conclusions are consistent with detailed kinetic data on both large and small Cu clusters and with reforming pathways requiring only Cu surfaces to complete catalytic turnovers. CH3OH−H2O turnover rates increased weakly with Cu dispersion as Cu cluster size decreased from 30 to 5 nm, suggesting that these reactions are insensitive to structure when CH3OH−H2O reaction occurs on Cu via monofunctional pathways limited by H-abstraction from methoxide intermediates. This structure insensitivity may reflect the titration of low-coordination surfaces with strongly held and unreactive forms of adsorbed intermediates, causing turnovers to occur preferentially on low-index surfaces for clusters of varying size.
Cloud testing tools (2011)

Cloud platform provides an infrastructure for resource sharing, software hosting and service delivering in a pay-per-use approach. To test the cloud-based software systems, techniques and tools are necessary to address unique quality concerns of the cloud infrastructure such as massive scalability and dynamic configuration. The tools can also be built on the cloud platform to benefit from virtualized platform and services, massive resources, and parallelized execution. The paper makes a survey of representative approaches and typical tools for cloud testing. It identifies the needs for cloud testing tools including multi-layer testing, SLA-based testing, large scale simulation, and on-demand test environment. To address the needs, it investigates the new architecture and techniques for designing testing tools for the cloud and in the cloud. Tool implementations are surveyed considering different approaches including migrated conventional tools, research tools, commercial tools and facilities like benchmark and testbed. Based on the analysis of state-of-the-art practices, the paper further investigates future trend of testing tool research and development from both capability and usability perspectives.
Nitric Oxide‐Releasing Drugs (2002)

A bstract : Nitric oxide (NO) deficiency has been implicated in many pathologic processes, thus providing a solid biological basis for the use of NO replacement therapy. Exogenous NO sources constitute a powerful way to supplement NO when the body cannot generate sufficient NO for normal biological functions. This theory has opened up the possibility of designing new drugs that are capable of delivering NO into tissues and the bloodstream in a sustained and controlled manner. This objective has been achieved by grafting an organic nitrate structure onto existing drugs through chemical spacers, such as aliphatic, aromatic, or a heterocyclic chain. The approach has led to the synthesis of several new chemical entities whose pharmacologic profile challenges the parent drug, not only on the basis of new properties, but also with respect to a better safety profile. In this article, a specific class of NO donors is reviewed, the nitric oxide‐releasing non‐steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, NO‐NSAIDs. Recently discovered compounds, whose action depends on the combined properties of both the known drug and NO release, are illustrated. Two examples are described in detail: (1) nitric oxide‐releasing aspirin, which has demonstrable innovative properties for treatment of vascular disorders and cancer; (2) nitro‐derivatives of flurbiprofen that have shown encouraging results in models of Alzheimer's disease.
Integrated Silicon Waveguide-based Structures for Terminal Detection of 1550nm (2006)

We describe the fabrication of defect engineered waveguide detectors, and demonstrate that with optimal thermal treatment, detector dark current may be minimized to be a small fraction of the signal, even at a reverse bias of 5 V. A design for a terminal detector (as opposed to a signal monitor) is proposed which consists of a waveguide ring. Preliminary simulations suggest a significant increase in responsivity compared to straight waveguide detectors
Development of Oncolytic Replication-Competent Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors (2007)

Oncolytic virus therapy is a promising new strategy for treating cancer that involves replication-competent virus vectors that can replicate in situ in tumor cells, exhibit oncolytic activity by direct cytocidal effects, and then spread throughout the tumor. In addition, replication-competent virus vectors are capable of transferring and expressing foreign genes in host cells. These virus vectors are either genetically engineered (e.g., herpes simplex virus type 1 [HSV-1], adenovirus, vaccinia virus), naturally attenuated (e.g., Newcastle disease virus), or nonpathogenic in humans (e.g., reovirus), so they replicate selectively in tumor cells, but do not harm normal tissues (1).
The diagnosis of splenic lymphoma by MR imaging: value of superparamagnetic iron oxide (1989)

This study was designed to evaluate superparamagnetic iron oxide (AMI-25) as a contrast agent for MR to distinguish normal spleens from those diffusely infiltrated by lymphoma. As diffuse splenic involvement lacks visible tumor-tissue boundaries, signal-intensity measurements of spleens were used as a diagnostic criterion in 33 patients (lymphoma, n = 8; benign splenomegaly, n = 5; normal subjects, n = 20). Unenhanced MR images were insensitive (four of eight patients) and nonspecific (20 of 25 patients) in the diagnosis of lymphoma. After injection of superparamagnetic iron oxide (40 mumol Fe/kg), lymphomatous spleens showed a significantly higher signal intensity (p less than .05) than did normal spleens or spleens enlarged by benign disease (hepatic cirrhosis, n = 4; spherocytosis, n = 1). Changes in splenic MR signal intensity unambiguously identified eight of eight lymphomatous spleens and 25 of 25 normal or enlarged spleens that did not contain lymphoma. Phagocytosis of superparamagnetic iron oxide in lymphomatous spleens is reduced because of diffuse displacement of splenic macrophages by lymphoma cells and/or by immunologic suppression of macrophage activity. Our results suggest that superparamagnetic iron oxide (AMI-25) can improve the accuracy of MR imaging in the diagnosis of splenic lymphoma. With further development, this noninvasive technique may reduce the need for diagnostic splenectomy in lymphoma patients.
Cytopathogenicity, drug susceptibility, and thymidine kinase activity of a retinovirulent herpes simplex virus type 2 (1990)

We investigated some of the biological and biochemical characteristics of a neuroinvasive, retinovirulent herpes simplex virus type 2 strain SL (HSV-2[SL]) and compared them with those of a neurovirulent, nonretinovirulent HSV-2 (186). HSV-2(SL) was shown to spread rapidly and produce large syncytium in vitro. HSV-2(SL) and HSV-2(186) were equally susceptible to acyclovir (ACV) and thymine arabinoside (Ara-T). However, HSV-2(SL) was fourfold and 44-fold more susceptible than HSV-2(186) to iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) and bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU), respectively. In addition, cytosolic TK from HSV-2(SL)-infected cells phosphorylated 4, 20, and 23,000 times more IUdR, iododeoxycytidine (IdCyD), and Ara-T than the TK of HSV-2(186), respectively. Further, HSV-2(186) TK did not phosphorylate Ara-T, but HSV-2(186) replication was inhibited by Ara-T. These studies indicate that the retinovirulent HSV-2(SL) has a syn phenotype and a TK with broad substrate activity.
Current Concepts in the Use of PLLA (2015)

Concurrent treatment with PLLA and MFUs can be performed efficiently and safely; however, additional research is needed to explore the synergistic effects of these treatments. Patients may also benefit from decreased overall downtime and necessary office visits.
Effect of passive maternal antibody on influenza illness in children: a prospective study of influenza A in mother-infant pairs (1987)

To determine the effect of passive antibody on the incidence of influenza in infants, infants born to mothers with serum antibody to influenza A (immune) and those born to mothers without evidence for this serum antibody (non-immune) were followed during the influenza H1N1 epidemic of 1979. Immune mothers had higher H1-specific antibody titers before the epidemic (P less than 0.001), were less frequently culture positive, showed fewer titer rises (P less than 0.001) and were less symptomatic than were nonimmune mothers. Infants of immune mothers had higher H1-specific passive antibody titers that correlated with their mother's antibody titers. Although infants of both groups showed no difference in incidence of influenza infection, infants of immune mothers had influenza symptoms that were delayed in onset (P = 0.02) and were of shorter mean duration compared with infants of nonimmune mothers. These findings suggest that passive maternal antibody delays the onset and decreases the severity of influenza disease in young infants.
Toward I/O-efficient protection against silent data corruptions in RAID arrays (2014)

Although RAID is a well-known technique to protect data against disk errors, it is vulnerable to silent data corruptions that cannot be detected by disk drives. Existing integrity protection schemes designed for RAID arrays often introduce high I/O overhead. Our key insight is that by properly designing an integrity protection scheme that adapts to the read/write characteristics of storage workloads, the I/O overhead can be significantly mitigated. In view of this, this paper presents a systematic study on I/O-efficient integrity protection against silent data corruptions in RAID arrays. We formalize an integrity checking model, and justify that a large proportion of disk reads can be checked with simpler and more I/O-efficient integrity checking mechanisms. Based on this integrity checking model, we construct two integrity protection schemes that provide complementary performance advantages for storage workloads with different user write sizes. We further propose a quantitative method for choosing between the two schemes in real-world scenarios. Our trace-driven simulation results show that with the appropriate integrity protection scheme, we can reduce the I/O overhead to below 15%.
Beer Haze (1999)

Several substances can cause haze in beer, but the most frequently encountered problem is due to a cross-linking of polyphenol and protein. These materials probably exist in equilibrium in beer and manifest themselves as a haze when the polyphenol polymerizes. The proteins particularly involved in haze are rich in proline. A range of stabilization treatments—of relatively low cost— is available, but the avoidance of haze problems (which seem to be occurring with increased frequency) demands a holistic approach from the brewer in which all stages from raw material selection to final processing are geared to achieving prolonged shelf life.
Synergistic action of fibroblast growth factor‐2 and transforming growth factor‐beta1 enhances bioprinted human neocartilage formation (2012)

Bioprinting as a promising but unexplored approach for cartilage tissue engineering has the advantages of high throughput, digital control, and highly accurate placement of cells and biomaterial scaffold to the targeted 3D locations with simultaneous polymerization. This study tested feasibility of using bioprinting for cartilage engineering and examined the influence of cell density, growth, and differentiation factors. Human articular chondrocytes were printed at various densities, stimulated transiently with growth factors and subsequently with chondrogenic factors. Samples were cultured for up to 4 weeks to evaluate cell proliferation and viability, mechanical properties, mass swelling ratio, water content, gene expression, ECM production, DNA content, and histology. Bioprinted samples treated with FGF-2/TGF-β1 had the best chondrogenic properties among all groups apparently due to synergistic stimulation of cell proliferation and chondrogenic phenotype. ECM production per chondrocyte in low cell density was much higher than that in high cell seeding density. This finding was also verified by mechanical testing and histology. In conclusion, cell seeding density that is feasible for bioprinting also appears optimal for human neocartilage formation when combined with appropriate growth and differentiation factors.
Tribological Behaviour of PVD Coatings for Sheet Metal Forming Tools: Laboratory and Industrial Evaluation (2012)

In the last decades, Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) and Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) processes have been significantly improved and optimized for the applications on dies for sheet metal forming processes. However, due to the different contact conditions at dies-blank interfaces, and the wide range of applied contact pressures, the selection of the correct coating may be still affected by trials-and-error approaches. Although many methods to evaluate the tribological performances of such coatings can be found in scientific literature, they often suffer of limitations in reproducing the interface conditions typical of industrial processes. The objective of the present research work is to investigate the tribological behaviour of two coatings deposited by PVD magnetron sputtering technique. Both investigations in laboratory and industrial conditions were performed: the former to evaluate their tribological characteristics, the latter to test the performances of coatings in production lines. The results, in terms of wear resistance, outline the comparison of the new technology with the performances of traditional dies.
A New Functional Material; Photonic Fractal (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Design Synthesis of a Wave Energy Converter (2009)

A demonstration ocean wave energy project is planned for Hesquiaht Sound, British Columbia, Canada in 2010. This project is led by SyncWave Systems and involves the University of Victoria, Dynamic Systems Analysis Ltd. and Marinus Power. The design process for this demonstration wave energy converter (WEC) including site selection, linear dynamics, control system scheduling and non-linear dynamics modelling is presented. The WEC is a heaving point absorber that extracts energy through the relative motion between two axisymmetric bodies and utilizes an internally housed mechanical system with adjustable inertia characteristics for frequency response tuning. Site selection for the device was completed by using an established wave propagation model to translate off-shore sea conditions calculated from WAVEWATCHIII (WW3) into near-shore conditions. By analysis of the predicted near-shore conditions a suitable location with a frequently energetic sea state was chosen. The design process of the WEC consists of a linearized dynamics model to optimize the controller and a nonlinear dynamics model to analyze the mooring and hull components. The resulting unit effectively captures energy from the prevailing sea-states while ensuring adequate survival capability.
Errors resulting from calibration distance (2011)

In the system of calibrating radiometer with calibration targets, the calibration distance has an effect on calibration accuracy. Results indicate that the effect calibration distance on brightness temperature received by radiometer, and obtain uncertainty introduced by small movement of calibration distance.
Kalte Normaldruck‐Jetplasmen zur lokalen Oberflächenbehandlung (2009)

Abstract Ein anisothermer, miniaturisierter Plasmajet (1.5 MHz, 13,56 MHz, 27,12MHz oder 40,78 MHz) dient unter Atmosphärendruckbedingungen zur Behandlung von Oberflächen. Das Gerät erlaubt außer dem Betrieb in Edelgasen, wie z.B. Argon, auch den Betrieb in Stickstoff bzw. Luft mit reaktiven Beimengungen. Zur Behandlung größerer Oberflächen lassen sich mehrere Module parallel betreiben bzw. in kontrollierter Bewegung über die zu behandelnde Oberflächen führen. Die Temperatur des Jets verbleibt im Bereich von erhöhter Raumtemperatur bis ca. 100°C. Ein für den Betrieb an Luft unerwartet hoher Anteil an UV und VUVStrahlung wird gemessen, dessen Kenntnis wichtig zur gezielten Initiierung chemischer Oberflächenreaktionen bzw. zur Ausnutzung von keimreduzierenden Effekten oder der Beeinflussung der Proliferation von biologischen Zellen ist. Applikationen zur Oberflächenmodifikation sind nicht auf flächige Substrate beschränkt. Die atmosphärischen Plasmajets besitzen ein hohes Anwendungspotential. Ergebnisse des Einsatzes zur Erhöhung der Benetzbarkeit von Kunststoffen und Zellstoff liegen vor. Mit Hilfe des Plasmajets lassen sich Schichten mit kontrollierter chemischer Zusammensetzung herstellen.
Suppression of nonlinear waveform distortion using alternate polarization modulation for long distance 10 Gb/s based WDM transmission systems (2003)

Alternate polarization modulation has been proposed for long-distance 10-Gbit/s-based wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems to suppress SPM-GVD effect. In the 6000-km transmission, the allowable accumulated dispersion, which determines the available WDM bandwidth, was increased by 40% by adopting this scheme.
Molecular Characterization of Propionyllysines in Non-histone Proteins (2008)

Lysine propionylation and butyrylation are protein modifications that were recently identified in histones. The molecular components involved in the two protein modification pathways are unknown, hindering further functional studies. Here we report identification of the first three in vivo non-histone protein substrates of lysine propionylation in eukaryotic cells: p53, p300, and CREB-binding protein. We used mass spectrometry to map lysine propionylation sites within these three proteins. We also identified the first two in vivo eukaryotic lysine propionyltransferases, p300 and CREB-binding protein, and the first eukaryotic depropionylase, Sirt1. p300 was able to perform autopropionylation on lysine residues in cells. Our results suggest that lysine propionylation, like lysine acetylation, is a dynamic and regulatory post-translational modification. Based on these observations, it appears that some enzymes are common to the lysine propionylation and lysine acetylation regulatory pathways. Our studies therefore identified first several important players in lysine propionylation pathway.
Multi-scale spectrally resolved quantitative fluorescence imaging system: towards neurosurgical guidance in glioma resection (2017)

In glioma resection surgery, the detection of tumour is often guided by using intraoperative fluorescence imaging notably with 5-ALA-PpIX, providing fluorescent contrast between normal brain tissue and the gliomas tissue to achieve improved tumour delineation and prolonged patient survival compared with the conventional white-light guided resection. However, the commercially available fluorescence imaging system relies on surgeon’s eyes to visualise and distinguish the fluorescence signals, which unfortunately makes the resection subjective. In this study, we developed a novel multi-scale spectrally-resolved fluorescence imaging system and a computational model for quantification of PpIX concentration. The system consisted of a wide-field spectrally-resolved quantitative imaging device and a fluorescence endomicroscopic imaging system enabling optical biopsy. Ex vivo animal tissue experiments as well as human tumour sample studies demonstrated that the system was capable of specifically detecting the PpIX fluorescent signal and estimate the true concentration of PpIX in brain specimen.
FACTS and D-FACTS: The Operational Flexibility Demanded by the Transmission Expansion Planning Task with Increasing RES (2014)

There are several reasons to explain why transmission system loading is less than 100%. These reasons include: (i) reliability, (ii) uncertainties associated with the demand growth forecast and (iii) different dispatch scenarios due to Renewable Energy Sources (RES), i.e., hydroelectricity, modern biomass, wind and solar power. The combination of these facts leads to high investments in the transmission systems to meet different dispatch scenarios and low loading throughout the year. In hydrothermal systems as in the case of Brazil, the economic dispatches vary throughout the year due to the hydrology associated to the rivers located in different regions of the country. Therefore, the transmission expansion plan must be robust enough to meet the demand with completely different dispatch scenarios throughout the year. Furthermore, the aforementioned issue concerning transmission expansion planning was historically not a significant problem for the United States and most European countries. However, with the high penetration of intermittent renewables, such as wind and solar, the transmission expansion planning has become a task of extreme technical and economic importance, as it already is for Brazil. Recent technological advances have revealed new equipment that has as primary objective to increase the flexibility and controllability of the transmission system: • FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems): equipment based on power electronics or other static technologies, which aim to directly control physical quantities of the transmission system, primarily to control voltage or power flow; • Distributed Series Reactors (DSRs), a distributed FACTS (D-FACTS) power flow controller which operates by varying line reactance. DSRs are attached concentrically around the conductor. Adding FACTS and D-FACTS to the system allows greater control of the active power flow and greater operational flexibility to accommodate different dispatch scenarios. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse these impacts in transmission expansion planning and operation and also the associated financial impact. To achieve this goal, case studies based on the Brazilian system with different dispatch scenarios will be utilized to compare the available technologies to realize the transmission expansion planning task. The expansion plans will be compared based on operational performance and total investments.