gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stent-induced Restenosis in the Swine Coronary Artery Is Inhibited by a Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, TKI963 (2003)

Activities of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) such as proliferation, migration, and matrix production contribute to restenosis following clinical interventions of angioplasty and stent placement. Because activation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-receptor tyrosine kinase (PDGFr-TK) influences these processes and promotes restenosis, TKI963, an inhibitor of the PDGFr-TK was discovered, and its efficacy was evaluated in blocking stent-induced restenosis as analyzed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). TKI963, a low-molecular-weight compound, inhibited the cell-free PDGFbetar-TK with a K(i) value of 56 +/- 14 nM. TKI963 also inhibited PDGF-dependent events in human aortic SMCs (e.g., in situ PDGFr autophosphorylation, mitogenesis, chemotaxis, and collagen production with median inhibitory concentration values of approximately 300 nM) without affecting the activity of a series of membrane receptor tyrosine kinases and intracellular serine/threonine kinases. In vivo, stent-induced restenosis in the swine coronary artery was reduced by oral administration of TKI963 (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg BID, for 28 days). Late lumen cross-sectional area (CSA) loss, plaque CSA growth, and plaque volume in the stent determined by IVUS were dose-relatedly decreased (33-62% at 1.25 mg/kg BID to 66-92% at 5 mg/kg BID, depending on the parameter) compared with controls. TKI963 treatment of </=1 week following stent placement had no effect on the prevention of restenosis. TKI963, a selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the PDGFr-TK, dose-relatedly reduced stent-induced restenosis and did so by inhibiting PDGF-dependent activities that occur as late events following stent placement.
Automated Analytical System for the Examination of Protein Primary Structure (1996)

This paper describes an automated analytical system for the examination of protein primary structure in which (i) the target protein is first purified by immunoaffinity chromatography, (ii) subsequent chromatographic and chemical reaction steps in the sequencing process are directly coupled, (iii) buffer exchange between these unit operations is achieved while the protein is absorbed on a mixed bed of strong ion exchange sorbents, (iv) proteolysis occurs in an immobilized trypsin column having a 10-1000 fold-excess of enzyme, (v) the tryptic digest is directly transferred to a perfusion dilute capture column where it is concentrated and rapidly desalted, and (vi) peptides eluted from the dilute capture column and analytical microbore and capillary perfusion reversed-phase chromatography columns are analyzed by either single-stage mass spectrometry (MS) or tandem MS/MS. Protein structure variants were easily recognized, and in the case of hemoglobin (Hb) S, the site of variation from Hb A0 was verified.
CD48 Is an Allergen and IL-3-Induced Activation Molecule on Eosinophils (2006)

Eosinophils are involved in a variety of allergic, parasitic, malignant, and idiopathic disorders by releasing a variety of factors including specific granule proteins, lipid mediators, and proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines and chemokines. In addition, they interact with various cell types in the inflamed tissue. Yet, the mechanism of eosinophil activation is still poorly understood. Recently, we described the expression and function of the CD2-subfamily of receptors and especially 2B4 on human eosinophils. In this study we focus on CD48, the high-affinity ligand of 2B4. CD48 is a GPI-anchored protein involved in cellular activation, costimulation, and adhesion, but has not been studied on eosinophils. We demonstrate that human eosinophils from atopic asthmatics display enhanced levels of CD48 expression and that IL-3 up-regulates CD48 expression. Furthermore, cross-linking CD48 on human eosinophils triggers release of eosinophil granule proteins. Assessment of CD48 expression in a murine model of experimental asthma revealed that CD48 is induced by allergen challenge and partially regulated by IL-3. Additionally, anti-IL-3 reduces CD48 expression and the degree of airway inflammation. Thus, CD48 is an IL-3-induced activating receptor on eosinophils, likely involved in promoting allergic inflammation.
Evaporation of Drops on Two Parallel Fibers: Influence of the Liquid Morphology and Fiber Elasticity (2013)

We investigate experimentally the evaporation of liquid accumulated on a pair of parallel fibers, rigid or flexible. The liquid wetting the fibers can adopt two distinct morphologies: a compact drop shape, whose evaporation dynamics is similar to that of an isolated aerosol droplet, or a long liquid column of constant cross-section, whose evaporation dynamics depends upon the aspect ratio of the column. We thus find that the evaporation rate is constant for drops, while it increases strongly for columns as the interfiber distance decreases, and we propose a model to explain this behavior. When the fibers are flexible, the transition from drops to columns can be induced by the deformation of the fibers because of the capillary forces applied by the drop. Thus, we find that the evaporation rate increases with increasing flexibility. Furthermore, complex morphology transitions occur upon drying, which results in spreading of the drop as it evaporates.
Incorporating Safety Into Parametric Dynamic Movement Primitives (2019)

Parametric dynamic movement primitives (PDMPs) are powerful motion representation algorithms, which encode multiple demonstrations and generalize them. As an online trajectory from PDMPs emulates the provided demonstrations, managing the safety guarantee of the demonstrations for a given scenario is an important issue. This letter presents a process to manage the demonstration set in PDMPs when some demonstrations are poor in terms of safety. Our proposed process distinguishes safe motion primitives from unsafe ones. In order to establish a criterion for determining whether a motion is safe or not, we calculate the safe region of the PDMPs parameters called style parameters using an optimization technique. In the optimization formulation, we calculate the unsafe style parameters that produce the closest motion to the unsafe region of the state space. By eliminating unsafe demonstrations with the parameters based on the safety criterion, and replacing them with new safe ones, we incorporate safety in the PDMPs framework. Simulation and experimental results validate that the proposed process can expand the motion primitives in the PDMPs framework to the new environmental settings by efficiently utilizing the previous demonstrations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Potential Inhibitors of GTP‐Cyclohydrolase I: An Efficient Synthesis of 8‐Substituted 7‐Deazaguanines. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Saturated3,1,2‐Benzoxazaphosphinine 2‐Oxides (2005)

Abstract N ‐Unsubstituted, N ‐methyl and N ‐benzyl cis‐ and trans ‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexylamines were subjected to ring closure with phenylphosphonic dichloride, phenyl dichlorophosphate and bis(2‐chloroethyl)phosphoramidic dichloride in order to synthesize P ‐epimeric diastereomers of the corresponding unsubsituted and N ‐substituted 2‐phenyl‐, 2‐phenoxy‐ and 2‐[bis(2‐chloroethyl)amino]octahydro‐2 H ‐3,1,2‐benzoxazaphosphinine 2‐oxides. The stereochemistry and conformations of the prepared compounds were analyzed mainly by variable‐temperature 1 H, 13 C and 31 P NMR spectroscopy. Geometry optimizations were performed for some trans ‐fused molecules by utilizing the B3LYP DFT method and a locally dense basis set, followed by J H,P coupling constant calculations at the UB3LYP/cc‐pVTZ level of theory. The population of the N‐out conformation of the cis ‐fused compounds was found to increase with increasing steric size of the N substituent (H &lt; Me &lt; CH 2 Ph), and also to be strongly influenced by the configuration at the phosphorus atom. The heteroring of the trans ‐fused compounds predominantly adopts a chair conformation with the notable exception of the (2 R *,4a S *,8a S *) epimers of the 2‐phenoxy‐substituted compounds, for which the axial tendency of OPh causes the heteroring to adopt mainly B 2,4a ‐ and/or 1 S 4a ‐type nonchair conformations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
[Chemical constituents of Isodon albopilosus (C.Y. Wu et H.W. Li) Hara]. (1992)

Five compounds have been isolated from the stems and leaves of Isodon albopilosus. On the basis of spectroscopic and chemical data, they were identified as macrocalyxin C, stearic acid, beta-sitosterol, ursolic acid and beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside, respectively.
50MEV PROTON BEAM TEST FACILITY FOR LOW FLUX BEAM UTILIZATION STUDIES OF PEFP (2004)

The 50MeV proton beam test facility at the MC-50 cyclotron of KIRAMS (Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences) has been established by PEFP (Proton Beam Engineering Frontier Project) of KAERI. This facility will be used for the pilot studies of PEFP, especially, for the studies using very low flux proton beam, 1×10 6 ~1×10 10 /cm 2 -sec. We surveyed users’ demands of proton beam utilization last year [1]. According to the demand survey result, scientists who are interested in biological application and space technology development hope to use low flux proton beam. The beam line is composed of SBD (Stray Beam Detector), Faraday cup, beam drift vacuum tube, bellows, BPM (Beam Profile Monitor), exit window with phosphor screen, scattering foil, energy degrader, target stage, irradiation uniformity measurement system, dose measurement system, etc. The length and width of the beam line supporter are 4m and 80cm. The exit window consists of aluminium plate with 2mm thickness, 180mm diameter, and 116mm active area. Twelve Al foils of different thickness are used as energy degraders to control proton beam energy and LET value to the biological samples. The scanning method similar to the wobbler scanning method using rotative stage is adopted for the uniform irradiation of large area more than 8cm diameter in the first place. In the next place, we will develop spiral scanning system and wobbler scanning system. The scatterer is made of gold foil of a few tens micrometer thickness. This low flux proton beam line will be used for the biological application and development of space technologies until the PEFP’s accelerator and user facilities are established.
Whirl-flutter investigation on an advanced turboprop configuration (1989)

The whirl-flutter problem of an advanced turboprop configuration with two pusher propellers positioned at the aircraft fuselage cone is analyzed. Coupling between the two propellers and the flexible backup structure— pylons and aft fuselage cone—is allowed. Very interesting results lead to the conclusion that, for typical stiffness ratios between the backup structure and the engine suspension system, a special type of flutter involving mainly the backup structure may be dominant over traditional propeller-nacelle whirl flutter. This type of flutter is solely due to the propeller whirl and may be critical either in some modern configurations of aircrafts (as propfans) or in new conceptions of power plants installations employing additional vibration insulators at the pylon-fuselage attachments.
Anterior Eye Segment Drug Delivery Systems: Current Treatments and Future Challenges (2013)

New technologies for delivery of drugs, such as small molecules and biologics, are of growing interest among clinical and pharmaceutical researchers for use in treating anterior segment eye disease. The challenge is to deliver effective drugs at therapeutic concentrations to the targeted ocular tissue with minimal side effects. To achieve this, a better understanding of the unmet needs, what is required of the various methods of delivery to achieve successful delivery, and the potential challenges of anterior segment drug delivery is necessary and the primarily aim of this review. This review covers the various physiological and anatomical barriers that exist for effective delivery to the targeted tissue of the eye, the pathological conditions of the anterior segment, and the unmet needs for treatment of these ocular diseases. Second, it reviews the novel delivery technologies that have the potential to maintain and/or improve the drug's therapeutic index and improving both patient adherence for chronic therapy and potential patient outcomes. This review bridges the pharmaceutical and clinical research/challenges and provides a detailed overview of anterior segment drug delivery accomplishments thus far, for researchers and clinicians.
Update in Sepsis and Pulmonary Infections 2013 (2014)

The Journal has been in the vanguard of publications of the respiratory microbiome, including a National Institutes of Health Workshop report, establishing the normal microbiome in patients with various risks, and in the correlation of microbiome changes with disease exacerbations and lung transplant. A new classification scheme for healthcare-associated pneumonia, risks for nosocomial Pseudomonas pneumonia, and associations between community-acquired pneumonia and risks or outcomes have been reported. The increasingly recognized role of viral respiratory tract infections was reflected in publications regarding incidence rates, risk factors, and associations with other respiratory diseases. Significant contributions to understanding and treating sepsis emerged in 2013. The role of tissue damage was highlighted in a series of publications. A much greater understanding of the importance of pathways that directly impact the pathogen at the site of infection and subsequent pathogen clearance has emerged. The Journal published important contributions across the spectrum of ineffective therapy (activated protein C), novel therapeutic ideas (statins and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), and solidly beneficial approaches (early protocolized care). Biomarker development is maturing to include a wide array of molecular measurements increasingly aimed at aiding improved therapy.
Radiation characteristics of a source in a thin substrate mounted over a dielectric medium (1988)

The radiation pattern of a line source is calculated for the case in which the source is lying on the top or the bottom surface of a lossless dielectric substrate that is mounted on the top of semi-infinite dielectric medium. It is found that in both cases the pattern along the interfaces has a null; that the pattern in the upper semi-infinite medium has a single lobe; and that the pattern in the lower semi-infinite medium has many lobes, the number of which varies with the substrate thickness. In both cases, the power radiated into the lower medium is more than that radiated into the upper medium. Applications of this calculation to remote sensing, microstrip antenna technology, and antenna arrays are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Teleconferencing and the continuing education preferences of physicians and nurses in rural areas (1987)

Lower, Jocelyn M. MHAa; Parboosingh, Ivan J. MD, FRCSC; McDowell, Antony C. MB BCH Author Information
Complications of shoulder surgery (1993)

Anatomy of the shoulder evaluation of shoulder problems complications following anterior acromioplasty and rotator cuff repair rotator cuff tear arthropathy complications of total shoulder replacement glenoid bone grafting in total shoulder arthroplasty complications of humeral head replacement complications of shoulder fusion complications following anterior instability repairs complications of posterior instability repairs of the shoulder chronic unreduced shoulder dislocations complications following acromioclavicular joint repairs complications following repair of the sternoclavicular joint complications of clavicle fractures humeral shaft nonunions complications of open reduction internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures shoulder infections isolated nerve injuries about the shoulder complications of shoulder instability in the competitive athlete management of resistant subacromial impingement lesions in competitive athletes.
Successful Clinical Application of Cancellous Allografts With Structural Support for Failed Bone Fracture Healing in Dogs (2019)

C350C can be used as a bone graft material that could replace autografts in cases with failed bone fracture healing.
Laser Treatment for Laryngeal and Tracheal Diseases at Kagoshima University. (1993)

Two hundred eighty-six cases of tracheal and laryngeal diseases were treated with laser therapy for 13 years at our hospital. These included CO2 laser operations in 178 cases, contact Nd: YAG laser operations in 100 cases, and non-contact Nd: YAG laser operations with flexible fiberscope in 8 cases. Non-contact Nd: YAG laser operations were useful in cases of tracheal (bronchial) tumors and stenosis. Contact Nd: YAG laser operations were valuable for open surgery (laryngectomy, radical neck-dissection etc.). Microscopic CO2 laser operations were useful in cases of laryngeal diseases and especially laryngeal cancer (Tla). In such laser operations, the character of each laser operation must be considered in conjunction with the nature of the disease to be treated.
Construction, Stability, and Activity of Multivalent Circular Anticoagulant Aptamers (2004)

Here we describe the design and construction of multivalent circular DNA aptamers. Four aptameric binding motifs directed at blood-borne targets are used as a model set from which larger, multidomain aptamers are constructed in a straightforward manner. Intra- or intermolecular ligation of precursor oligonucleotides provides a stabilizing mechanism against degradation by the predominant exonuclease activity of blood products without the need for post-selection chemical modification. In many cases, circular DNA aptamer half-lives are extended beyond 10 h in serum and plasma, making such constructs viable for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Duplexes and three-way junctions are used as scaffold architectures around which two, three, or four aptameric motifs can be arranged in a structurally defined manner, giving rise to improved binding characteristics through stability and avidity gains. Circular aptamers targeted against thrombin display improved anticoagulant potency with EC50 values 2-3-fold better than those of the canonical GS-522 thrombin DNA aptamer. Intrinsic duplex regions provide an opportunity to incorporate additional transcription factor binding motifs, whereas ancillary loops can be used to provide further functionality. These anticoagulant aptamers provide a starting point for merging the principles of DNA nanotechnology with aptameric functions.
Neoadjuvant therapy in urothelial cancer (2019)

Summary Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer before radical cystectomy (RC). Despite level 1 evidence demonstrating an overall survival benefit for patients undergoing RC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), acceptance rates are still low. In high-risk upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC), cumulative evidence suggests that NAC for locally advanced UTUC can improve oncological outcome. Ongoing phase 3 trials will finally prove the benefit or futility of NAC in this tumor entity. Since urothelial cancer (UC) is a heterogeneous disease, predictive biomarkers are needed to select specific patient populations and potentially increase response rates to NAC. Novel targeting therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, have been approved for metastatic UC. In combination with predictive biomarkers, these might have the potential to change systemic therapy for UC from a “one-fits-all” principle to a more individualized approach.
Analysis and measurement of a microstrip array applicator for hyperthermia therapy (2003)

Experimentally measured E-field patterns obtained with a miniature dipole probe are compared with the prediction of a simple cavity-model/array theory. Measurements made at 915 MHz in water using a three-element linear array on a high-dielectric-constant (MCT-85) substrate show lower normal to tangential E-field component ratios then predicted. This suggests safe heating potential at fat/muscle tissue layers within the half-power bandwidth. S-parameters indicate the impedance match quality and mutual coupling. Radiated power patterns can be smoothed by a clinical system using dynamic amplitude and phase control to ensure uniform power deposition during hyperthermia treatments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preparation of Metabolites by Chemical Reaction: Conversion of Antipsychotic Phenothiazines to their Sulfoxides and Tertiary Amino Cyclic Antidepressants to their N-Oxide with Hydrogen Peroxide Using Titanosilicate Catalyst (2004)

The aim of this study was to establish a preparation method needed to analyze the metabolites of an analytical procedure for antipsychotic phenothiazines and tertiary amino cyclic antidepressants by chemical reaction. These drugs were oxidized to their sulfoxide and N-oxide, respectively, with hydrogen peroxide using titanosilicate as the catalyst. An acidic medium (pH 3.0) containing 20% methanol was found to be optimal for the preparation of phenothiazine sulfoxide, and an alkaline medium (pH 10.5) containing 50% methanol was optimal for the preparation of the N-oxide of tertiary amino cyclic antidepressants. Each preparative scale reaction (2 mmol) was carried out and the crystallized product of each oxide was obtained. The amount of hydrogen peroxide needed to obtain the best yields of sulfoxide was 1.3-2.0 times the molar equivalent of the phenothiazines. The purities of the prepared crystallized product of the phenothiazine sulfoxides were good except for periciazine sulfoxide. The amounts of hydrogen peroxide needed to obtain the best yields of N-oxide were 4-5 times the molar equivalent of tertiary amino cyclic antidepressants. The purities of the crystals of each N-oxide were 99.5-100%. The characteristic mass fragment ions of each prepared oxide that were distinguishable as the N-oxides from parent drug could be confirmed when the collisional energy was decreased to 10 eV. 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral data confirmed the structure of the prepared mianserin N-oxide to be 2-oxide. In conclusion, a simple and rapid preparation method for oxide metabolites of phenothiazines and tertiary amino cyclic antidepressants available as analytical standards was established.