gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Power, Performance, and Energy Efficiency in Chip Multiprocessors Exploiting Inverse Thermal Dependence (2018)

Technology scaling of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor has resulted in new thermal behavior where increase in operating temperature results in reduced circuit propagation delay. This paper exploits this inverse thermal dependence (ITD) for power, performance, and temperature optimization in single-core and multicore processor architectures for various thermally hot and cold applications. Since ITD increases the maximum achievable operating frequency of a processor at high temperatures, it is used to reduce the execution time of applications. Dynamic thermal management (DTM) techniques, such as activity migration (AM), dynamic voltage frequency scaling (DVFS), and throttling, are modified to leverage ITD to either enhance the performance or the energy efficiency. While recent work observed the ITD effect for 45- and 32-nm technologies, in this paper, we explore future technologies through predictive SPICE models for 20-, 14-, 10-, and 7-nm technologies. The results show that the ITD-aware techniques reduce the execution time, energy-delay product (EDP) and energy-delay-square product by up to 28%, 33%, and 48%, respectively. Moreover, the ITD-aware DVFS yields the lowest execution time while resulting in the most uniform thermal profile and thus enhanced reliability. Overall, the ITD-aware techniques reduce the execution time and EDP, both in combination with DTM techniques or stand-alone, especially at lower than nominal operating voltages.
Pyrochlore-based high-entropy ceramics for capacitive energy storage (2022)

Abstract High-performance dielectrics are widely used in high-power systems, electric vehicles, and aerospace, as key materials for capacitor devices. Such application scenarios under these extreme conditions require ultra-high stability and reliability of the dielectrics. Herein, a novel pyrochlore component with high-entropy design of Bi 1.5 Zn 0.75 Mg 0.25 Nb 0.75 Ta 0.75 O 7 (BZMNT) bulk endows an excellent energy storage performance of W rec ≈ 2.72 J/cm 3 together with an ultra-high energy efficiency of 91% at a significant enhanced electric field E b of 650 kV/cm. Meanwhile, the temperature coefficient (TCC) of BZMNT (∼ −220 ppm/°C) is also found to be greatly improved compared with that of the pure Bi 1.5 ZnNb 1.5 O 7 (BZN) (∼ −300 ppm/°C), demonstrating its potential application in temperature-reliable conditions. The high-entropy design results in lattice distortion that contributes to the polarization, while the retardation effect results in a reduction of grain size to submicron scale which enhances the E b . The high-entropy design provides a new strategy for improving the high energy storage performance of ceramic materials.
Synthesis of Zeolite A from Metakaolin and Its Application in the Adsorption of Cationic Dyes (2018)

The present work reports the synthesis of zeolites from two metakaolins, one derived from the white kaolin and the other derived from the red kaolin, found in a deposit in the city of São Simão (Brazil). The metakaolins were prepared by calcination of the kaolins at 600 °C; zeolite A was obtained after alkali treatment of the metakaolins with NaOH. The resulting solids were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption at −196 °C, which confirmed formation of zeolite A. The zeolites were applied as adsorbents to remove methylene blue, safranine, and malachite green from aqueous solutions. The zeolites displayed high adsorption capacity within short times (between one and five minutes); qt was 0.96 mg/g. The equilibrium study showed that the zeolites had higher adsorption capacity for malachite green (qe = 55.00 mg/g) than for the other two cationic dyes, and that the Langmuir isotherm was the model that best explained the adsorption mechanism.
Critical Flow Speeds of Pipes Conveying Fluid Using the Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (2010)

The aim of this study is to clarify the discrepancy regarding the critical flow speed of straight pipes conveying fluids that appears to be present in the literature by using the Generalized Differential Quadrature method. It is well known that for a given “mass of the fluid ” to the “mass of the pipe ” ratio, straight pipes conveying fluid are unstable by a flutter mode via Hopf bifurcation for a certain value of the fluid speed, i.e. the critical flow speed. However, there seems to be lack of consensus if for a given mass ratio the system might lose stability for different values of the critical flow speed or only for a single speed value. In this paper an attempt to answer to this question is given by solving the governing equation following first the practical aspect related to the engineering problem and than by simply considering the mathematics of the problem. The Generalized differential quadrature method is used as a numerical technique to resolve this problem. The differential governing equation is transformed into a discrete system of algebraic equations. The stability of the system is thus reduced to an eigenvalue problem. The relationship between the eigenvalue branches and122 Francesco Tornabene et al the corresponding unstable flutter modes are shown via Argand diagram. The transfer of flutter-type instability from one eigenvalue branch to another is thoroughly investigated and discussed. The critical mass ratios, at which the transfer of the eigenvalue branches related to flutter take place, are determined.
Dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of the basicity of weak organic bases in super-acid media (1985)

Solutions of a number of weak organic bases (such as nitro-compounds, ketones, aldehydes, ethers, and alcohols) in mixtures of fluorosulphuric acid and antimony pentafluoride have been examined by dynamic n.m.r. measurements. The rate of proton loss from the conjugate acids of these bases affords an inverse measure of their relative basic strengths, and amplifies the acidity measurements on the solvent system. N.m.r. spectral parameters are listed for the protonated bases.
A 9.5 inch, 1.3 mega-pixel low temperature poly-Si TFT-LCD fabricated by SPC of very thin films and an ECR-CVD gate insulator (2002)

A unique combination of solid-phase crystallization (SPC) and gate insulator technology has been used to fabricate low-temperature poly-Si TFTs (thin-film transistors). Using this technology, a high-resolution 9.5-in TFT-LCD (liquid crystal display) with 1.3 mega-pixels has been realized. SPC has allowed the formation of poly-Si TFTs with both lower OFF currents and higher ON currents than as-deposited poly-Si TFTs, without sacrificing the latter's inherent advantages of uniformity and large area capability. Meanwhile, ECR-CVD (electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition) SiO/sub 2/ has allowed excellent control of the MOS interface and eliminates the need for hydrogenation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Influence of climate and forest management on damage risk by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis in northern Sweden (2017)

The pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) is an economically important pest insect that kills high proportions of conifer seedlings in reforestation areas. It is present in conifer forests all over Europe but weevil abundance and risk for damage varies considerably between areas. This study aimed to obtain a useful model for predicting damage risks by analyzing survey data from 292 regular forest plantations in northern Sweden. A model of pine weevil attack was constructed using various site characteristics, including both climatic factors and factors related to forest management activities. The optimal model was rather imprecise but showed that the risk of pine weevil attack can be predicted approximatively with three principal variables: 1) the proportion of seedlings expected to be planted in mineral soil rather than soil covered with duff and debris, 2) age of clear-cut at the time of planting, and 3) calculated temperature sum at the location. The model was constructed using long-run average temperature sums for epoch 2010, and so effects of climate change can be inferred from the model by adjustment to future epochs. Increased damage risks with a warmer climate are strongly indicated by the model. Effects of a warmer climate on the geographical distribution and abundance of the pine weevil are also discussed. The new tool to better estimate the risk of damage should provide a basis for foresters in their choice of countermeasures against pine weevil damage in northern Europe.
The Colloidal Suprastructure of Smart Microgels at Oil–Water Interfaces (2009)

Oil on troubled waters: Stimuli-sensitive emulsions have been used to prepare temperature- and pH-responsive microgels. The emulsion stability at oil-water interfaces is not governed by the particle packing density, and structural changes induced by the interface lead to connections between the individual microgels (see picture; scale bar 1 microm), which behave very differently compared to solid-particle-stabilized emulsions.
A Computationally Efficient Multi-Scale Model for Lithium-Ion Cells (2018)

In this work, a computationally efficient multi-scale and multi-dimensional model is set up to describe the electrochemical, electrical and thermal behavior for a generic pouch cell format. As solving the model in multiple spatial dimensions would require an extensive amount of computational resources, we apply effective spatial discretization techniques, namely the orthogonal collocation and Lobatto IIIA method. In order to reduce the number of electrochemical submodels, a coupling method based on node point interpolation is introduced. The proposed model shows an improvement in solution time by a factor of up to 60 while maintaining its accuracy compared to the finite element method solution. To investigate the spatial accuracy, simulation quantities such as potential distribution and temperature distribution for constant current discharge profiles are examined. With the aid of experimental data gained from Swagelok T-Cells, the model parameters are tuned in for discharge current rates of up to 10C and projected to a 40 Ah cell design. Due to the greatly reduced computational time, the proposed reformulated model can be used for complex physics-based simulations that are typically too computationally expensive with standard modeling approaches such as online estimation and parameter optimization.
Commercial opportunities for neural engineers (2008)

Research and academic professionals in neural engineering know well the promise the field offers for advancing our understanding of basic neuroscience and devising new therapies for treating neurological diseases and disorders. But there is also considerable commercial opportunity for new start-up companies in several areas of neural engineering. The neurotechnology industry, which includes firms that manufacture neuromodulation devices, neural prostheses, neurorehabilitation systems, and neurosensing devices, is forecast to grow to grow from $3.6 billion this year to $8.8 billion in 2012, according to a recently published market research study from Neurotech Reports.
Transcriptomal profiling of the cellular response to DNA damage mediated by Slug (Snai2) (2008)

Snai2-deficient cells are radiosensitive to DNA damage. The function of Snai2 in response to DNA damage seems to be critical for its function in normal development and cancer. Here, we applied a functional genomics approach that combined gene-expression profiling and computational molecular network analysis to obtain global dissection of the Snai2-dependent transcriptional response to DNA damage in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which undergo p53-dependent growth arrest in response to DNA damage. Although examination of the response showed that overall expression of p53 target gene expression patterns was similarly altered in both control and Snai2-deficient cells, we have identified and validated candidate Snai2 target genes linked to Snai2 gene function in response to DNA damage. This work defines for the first time the effect of Snai2 on p53 target genes in cells undergoing growth arrest, elucidates the Snai2-dependent molecular network induced by DNA damage, points to novel putative Snai2 targets, and suggest a mechanistic model, which has implications for cancer management.
Automatic Summarization (2011)

Today's world is all about information, most of it online. The World Wide Web contains billions of documents and is growing at an exponential pace. Tools that provide timely access to, and digest of, various sources are necessary in order to alleviate the information overload people are facing. The need for such tools sparked interest in the development of automatic summarization systems. Such systems are designed to take a single article, a cluster of news articles, a broadcast news show, or an email thread as input, and produce a concise and fluent summary of the most important information. Recent years have seen the development of numerous summarization applications for news, email threads, lay and professional medical information, scientific articles, spontaneous dialogues, voicemail, broadcast news and video, and meeting recordings. These systems, imperfect as they are, have already been shown to help users and to enhance other automatic applications and interfaces. Automatic Summarization provides a comprehensive overview of research in summarization, including the more traditional efforts in sentence extraction as well as the most novel recent approaches for determining important content, for domain and genre specific summarization and for evaluation of summarization. It also discusses the challenges that remain open, in particular the need for language generation and deeper semantic understanding of language that would be necessary for future advances in the field.
Monitoring of powdery mildew on Winter wheat using multi-temporal HJ-CCD imagery on a regional scale (2017)

In our study, multi-temporal HJ-CCD data are used to identify and monitor the powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. triti) on winter wheat on a regional scale. A total of five sensitive vegetation indices (NDVI, RDVI, SAVI, TVI, and MSAVI) are specifically derived to construct the minoring models, which can reflect the leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll (Chl) and changes of crop canopy structure. Nine single-variable monitoring models based on single-period image and two multi-variable monitoring models based on three-period images are respectively constructed to investigate the occurrence of the disease. The results show that the overall accuracies (OA) are located during 71.9%-78.9% for the nine single-variable models in which that of MSAVI is the highest. In the four original bands, that of RNIR is the highest. Conversely, the accuracy of MSF model based on multi-temporal HJ-CCD imagery has been significantly improved. To improve the monitoring accuracy, AdaBoost model is used to optimize the classification model of MSF. It is obvious that the OA of MSF-AdaBoost model is the higher, and the OE and CE are respectively 9.5% and 7.3%, which are lower than the other models.
Inverse Vulcanization with SiO2-Embedded Elemental Sulfur for Superhydrophobic, Anticorrosion, and Antibacterial Coatings (2022)

Sulfur-rich polymers generated from the inverse vulcanization of elemental sulfur with unsaturated monomers have emerged as a family of organic polymers with unique functionalities and broad potential applications. First described in 2013, inverse vulcanization is still in its infancy regarding its fundamental development, property exploration of the resultant polymers, and practical utilizations. Herein, the robust properties of sulfur-rich composites generated by inverse vulcanization with SiO2-embedded elemental sulfur are revealed, furnishing superhydrophobicity with static water contact angles of up to 154.7 ± 1.8°, a high anticorrosive effect of 98.9% protection efficiency for Mg alloy in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution, and a good antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli (81%) and Staphylococcus aureus (75%). The resulted composite also shows excellent self-cleaning functionalities. This has not only expanded the properties/functionalities and applications of the sulfur-rich polymers resulting from inverse vulcanization but also provided low-cost alternatives to superhydrophobic coating materials for practical applications.
UltraWideBand indoor positioning systems and their use in emergencies (2004)

Reliable and accurate indoor positioning for moving users requires a local replacement for satellite navigation. An UltraWideBand (UWB) system is particularly suitable for such local systems, including temporary installations supporting emergency services inside large buildings. The requirements for emergencies will be very variable, but will generally include: good radio penetration through structures, the rapid set-up of a stand-alone system, tolerance of high levels of reflection, and high accuracy. The accuracy should be better than 1 m, as sometimes it matters which side of a door you are, and locations should be in 3 dimensions. Support for robots as well as people would call for still better accuracy. Rapid set-up implies very little surveying of the fixed terminals, and positioning relative to the mobile and fixed terminals. A radio system that measures ranges between fixed and mobile terminals matches these requirements, but the requirements for accuracy and for dealing with multipath need a bandwidth of more than 1 GHz. Thus UWB is the preferred solution, as it has the specific advantage of high accuracy, even in the presence of severe multipath. This paper presents the features and system design options for UWB positioning systems, and shows how they match the indoor location demands of emergency services. The main features that are covered are: the deployment of terminals (how many, and where), the minimum requirements for fixed terminal surveying, integration (hybridisation) with GNSS, and solving for position inside the network. The main system design options are: whether the mobile terminals are transceivers or solely receivers, the UWB signal design and frequency span, and the use of the same signal for communications. The paper includes results from a demonstration UWB indoor positioning system being built at TRT (UK).
On the anomalous optical conductivity dispersion of electrically conducting polymers: ultra-wide spectral range ellipsometry combined with a Drude–Lorentz model (2019)

Ultra-wide range spectral range ellipsometry sheds light on the anomalous optical conductivity of conducting polymers.
User Survey Analysis Report (2014)

This report is written for a summary of the user survey results conducted in the Spring semester of 2014. The purposes of this report are to evaluate current University Library website, discover why users use and what they do on the website, and find out what they expect. It will be used for IUPUI University Library Website Improvement Project in order to improve the digital user experience.
Optimum Multinozzle Configuration for Minimizing the Rayleigh Integral During High-Frequency Transverse Instabilities (2021)

Abstract This paper develops a formalism for optimizing nozzle location/configuration with respect to combustion stability of high-frequency transverse modes in a can combustor. The stability of these acoustically noncompact flames was assessed using the Rayleigh integral (RI). Several key control parameters influence RI—flame angle, swirling strength, nozzle location, as well as nozzle location with respect to the acoustic mode shape. In this study, we consider a N-around-1 configuration such as typically used in a multi-nozzle can system and study the overall stability of this system for different natural transverse modes. Typically, such nozzles are distributed in a uniformly circular manner for which we study the overall RI, and for cases where RI &amp;gt; 0, we optimize the nozzle distribution that can reduce and minimize RI. For a fixed geometry such as a circular configuration, the analysis shows how the flame's parameters must vary across the different nozzles, to result in a relatively stable system. Additionally, for a fixed set of flame parameters, the analysis also indicates the noncircular distribution of the N nozzles that minimizes RI. Overall, the analysis aims to provide insights on designing nozzle locations around the center nozzle for minimal amplification of a given transverse mode.
Peptide Antibiotics (2014)

This chapter focuses on the peptide antibiotics, as these are the predominant class of Bacillus special metabolite that has been characterized biochemically and by the methods of molecular biology and genetics. Although the peptide antibiotics are composed of amino acids, they often show little similarity to gene-encoded polypeptides in terms of structure and mechanism of their biosynthesis. The amino acids can be linked to each other by peptide bonds or through the formation of lactones and esters. In some cases, they contain amino and hydroxy acids linked by alternating peptide and ester bonds, an arrangement found in a class of peptide antibiotics called depsipeptides. A compilation of peptide antibiotics produced by Bacillus spp. and other gram-positive bacteria is provided in the chapter. Peptide antibiotics are synthesized by one of two mechanisms, ribosomal and nonribosomal. The chapter discusses biochemistry and molecular biology of peptide antibiotic synthesis in BacillusSpp. The production of special metabolites is one of several complex responses to growth limitation, as is the case in Bacillus spp. Like Bacillus spp., actinomycetes such as Streptomyces spp. undergo cellular differentiation upon nutritional deprivation. A structural model of peptide synthetases began to emerge with the isolation and primary-structure determination of a tripeptide-synthesizing enzyme found in β-lactam producers. Biosynthesis of β-lactams begins with synthesis of the tripeptide d-(L-a-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV) followed by the cyclization of ACV to form isopenicillin N. The continued study of special metabolites is of fundamental importance to one's understanding of the microbial world.
Characterization of the Molecular Orientation of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethiols on Obliquely Deposited Gold Films by Using Infrared−Visible Sum-Frequency Spectroscopy (2003)

This paper reports the use of infrared (IR)−visible sum-frequency spectroscopy to characterize the surface of gold films deposited by physical vapor deposition at an oblique angle of incidence and the orientation of the methyl end groups of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of n-alkanethiols formed on these gold films. The oblique deposition of the gold breaks the macroscopic azimuthal degeneracy that is characteristic of gold films grown without a preferred direction of deposition. By tuning the frequency of the incident IR light to either the symmetric or the asymmetric methyl stretch resonance and by recording the azimuthal dependence of the sum-frequency signal, the orientation of the methyl groups of the n-alkanethiols on the obliquely deposited gold films were shown to be distributed around a preferred in-plane direction coincident with the direction of the gold deposition. The angles between the normal of the sample and the methyl groups were determined to be 85 ± 2° and 44 ± 10° for the SAMs formed from pentadecanethiol and hexadecanethiol, respectively. In contrast, when using gold films that were not obliquely deposited, no preferred in-plane orientation of the methyl groups could be observed.