gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flat energy density antenna (2002)

The authors present a feed circuit for the flat energy density antenna for mobile telephone, and measurement results on its input characteristics and radiation pattern at 1.5 GHz. The correlation coefficient between ring patch and notch antenna of less than 0.1 is small enough for diversity branches. To verify the diversity effect of this antenna, the authors measured urban propagation characteristics at 900 MHz and compared them with results for a space diversity antenna. It is confirmed that the flat energy density antenna is appropriate for the diversity antenna of a mobile telephone.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Scandium Triflate in Organic Synthesis (1999)

Sc(OTf)3 is a new type of a Lewis acid that is different from typical Lewis acids such as AlCl3, BF3, SnCl4, etc. While most Lewis acids are decomposed or deactivated in the presence of water, Sc(OTf)3 is stable and works as a Lewis acid in water solutions. Many nitrogen-containing compounds such as imines and hydrazones are also successfully activated by using a small amount of Sc(OTf)3 in both organic and aqueous solvents. In addition, Sc(OTf)3 can be recovered after reactions are completed and can be reused. While lanthanide triflates [Ln(OTf)3] have similar properties, the catalytic activity of Sc(OTf)3 is higher than that of Ln(OTf)3 in several cases.
Analyse des performances de réseaux de capteurs 2D et 3D pour la localisation de source (2009)

Résumé – Dans le contexte de la localisation passive de sources par un réseau de capteurs, les performances d’estimation concernant les angles d’arrivée des sources (azimut et élévation) sont liées au type d’estimateur mis en oeuvre, mais aussi à la géometrie du réseau considéré. Bien que de nombreux résultats soient disponibles concernant les antennes linéaires ainsi que les antennes circulaires, d’autres géométries existent dans la littérature et ont été moins étudiées. Dans cet article, nous étudions l’impact en termes de performance d’estimation pour l’azimut et l’élévation d’une source déterministe pour deux configurations de réseaux. Il s’agit d’une antenne planaire (2D) dite ”en V ” et de son homologue en trois dimensions. L’outil utilisé ici est la borne de Cramér-Rao largement utilisée par la communauté du traitement du signal pour caractériser les performances d’estimation du fait qu’elle peut être atteinte (sous certaines conditions) par des estimateurs de type maximum de vraisemblance. inria-00444822, version 1- 7 Jan 2010 Abstract – In the context of passive localization of sources using antenna array, the estimation performance of elevation and azimuth are related to not only the type of estimator used, but also to the geometry of the considered antenna array. Although there are several available results on the linear array and also on the circular array, other geometries existing in the literature such as 3D arrays have been less studied. In this paper, we study the impact of geometry of two models of antenna array on the estimation performance of elevation and azimuth, the so called V-shaped antenna (2D) and its 3D extension. The Cramér Rao Lower Bound widely spread in signal processing to characterize the performance estimation will be used here as a powerful tool to find out the optimal configuration. 1
Design considerations of the AO module for the Gemini South multiconjugate adaptive optics system (2003)

The adaptive optics system for the Gemini South telescope, currently in the design phase, consists of several major subsystem. The largest subsystem, called the AO module, contains most of the optics and electronics and is mounted on one of the Cassegrain instrument ports. The initial system will be a conventional laser guide star AO system, but the plan is to eventually expand it to a multi-conjugate system. The system is being designed to readily add the components necessary to upgrade to a multi-conjugate system. This paper describes the design challenges encountered and solutions that were derived for the AO module design. The complexity of the multi-conjugate version is illustrated, including optical, mechanical, electronic and controls issues.
Suppressing Spurious Reflections In An Interferometer (1993)

Dynamic-aperture fringe discriminator is simple device enhancing operation of interferometer of spherical-wave-front type used to test lenses, telescopes, and other optical instruments. Device suppresses reflections from surfaces of refractive optical elements in instrument and/or test setup. Reflections from refractive optical components eliminated by blocking half of interferometer aperture.
Combining RAAS and calcium channel blockade: ACCOMPLISH in perspective (2008)

The Avoiding Cardiovascular events through COMbination therapy in Patients LIving with Systolic Hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trial was the first trial to compare the cardiovascular outcomes of initial fixed-dose combination angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/calcium channel blocker (CCB) and ACEI/diuretic therapy in patients with hypertension and high risk of cardiovascular events. The initial combination therapy was effective in this population, with ACEI/CCB therapy providing the greatest benefit (reduction in risk of cardiovascular events). Whether or not the findings of ACCOMPLISH can be applied to other renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor/CCB combinations, such as angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)/CCB combinations, has yet to be investigated. The present report reviews the results of ACCOMPLISH, data from trials comparing ARB and ACEI therapies, and findings from studies of ARB/CCB combination therapy that support the use and further study of combination therapy with RAAS inhibitors and CCBs.
Distribution of 5-methyldeoxycytidine in products of staphylococcal nuclease digestion of nuclei and purified DNA (1984)

We have compared the distribution of 5-methyldeoxycytidine (m5dC) between staphylococcal nuclease (SN) sensitive and resistant regions of human diploid fibroblast chromatin to the corresponding distribution in purified DNA. After SN digestion of fibroblast nuclei or purified DNA, nuclease-resistant products were separated from sensitive products by perchloric acid or ethanol precipitation; the radioactively labeled nucleosides were then fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography and quantitated. Our results indicate that m5dC is preferentially associated with SN-resistant regions of both chromatin and purified DNA. The magnitudes of these preferences in fibroblast chromatin and DNA are similar; we find that the enrichment of m5dC content in SN-resistant fractions of nuclei and DNA relative to the corresponding sensitive fractions is approximately 2-3-fold. Therefore, highly methylated regions of DNA have an intrinsic resistance to digestion by SN that is of sufficient magnitude to explain the high degree of nuclease resistance of chromatin containing highly methylated DNA.
Vurdering af planteværn onlines økonomiske og miljømæssige effekt (2007)

Planteværn Online (PVO) er et hjælpemiddel til at fastlægge bekæmpelsesbehovet for sprøjtning samt til anvisning af specifikke løsninger. PVO's løsningsforslag er valideret og fundet acceptable i såvel specifikke forsøg samt på baggrund af analyser af historiske forsøgsdata. PVO har et betydeligt ikke-realiseret potentiale for at reducere forbruget af herbicider, særligt i kornafgrøder. En sociologisk undersøgelse blandt landmænd, identificerede 3 beslutningstyper, som alle vurderede at PVO passede dårligt ind i deres beslutningsproces omkring plantebeskyttelse. Især PVO's krav til detaljerede markregistreringer blev identificeret som en barriere i forhold til større udbredelse.
Effects of interscalene brachial plexus block to intra-operative hemodynamics and postoperative pain for arthroscopic shoulder surgery (2012)

IBPB effectively controlled the hemodynamic changes that occurred during arthroscopic shoulder surgery as well as post-operative pain.
Optimal routing, link scheduling and power control in multihop wireless networks (2004)

In this paper, we study the problem of joint routing, link scheduling and power control to support high data rates for broadband wireless multihop networks. We first address the problem of finding an optimal link scheduling and power control policy that minimizes the total average transmission power in the wireless multihop network, subject to given constraints regarding the minimum average data rate per link, as well as peak transmission power constraints per node. Multiaccess signal interference is explicitly modeled. We use a duality approach whereby, as a byproduct of finding the optimal policy, we find the sensitivity of the minimal total average power with respect to the average data rate for each link. Since the minimal total average power is a convex function of the required minimum average data rates, shortest path algorithms with the link weights set to the link sensitivities can be used to guide the search for a globally optimum routing. We present a few simple examples that show our algorithm can find policies that support data rates that are not possible with conventional approaches. Moreover, we find that optimum allocations do not necessarily route traffic over minimum energy paths.
MEMS reliability in a vibration environment (2000)

MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) were subjected to a vibration environment that had a peak acceleration of 120 g and spanned frequencies from 20 to 2000 Hz. The device chosen for this test was a surface-micromachined microengine because it possesses many elements (springs, gears, rubbing surfaces) that may be susceptible to vibration. The microengines were unpowered during the test. We observed 2 vibration-related failures and 3 electrical failures out of 22 microengines tested. Surprisingly, the electrical failures also arose in four microengines in our control group indicating that they were not vibration related. Failure analysis revealed that the electrical failures were due to shorting of stationary comb fingers to the ground plane.
Modeling and performance analysis of a reconfigurable plasmonic nano-antenna array architecture for terahertz communications (2018)

Terahertz-band (0.1 to 10 THz) communication is envisioned as a key wireless technology to satisfy the need for much higher wireless data rates. Recently, the use of nanomaterials such as graphene is enabling the development of novel plasmonic devices, which intrinsically operate in the THz band. In this paper, a new antenna array architecture that leverages the properties of graphene-based plasmonic devices is proposed. In this array architecture, each element consists of a plasmonic front-end integrated by a THz plasmonic signal source, a THz plasmonic direct signal modulator, and a THz plasmonic nano-antenna. The possibility to directly modulate the signal without using frequency up-converters or sub-harmonic mixers leads to very compact front-ends, which can be much more densely packed than with traditional THz technologies. After presenting the THz plasmonic nano-antenna and THz plasmonic modulator models, the performance of an integrated front-end is numerically investigated. In addition, the beamforming and beamsteering capabilities of a 2x2 array are numerically investigated and discussed.
Summary Abstract: An electronic spectroscopic study of coadsorbed H2 and CO on Ni(100) (1982)

First Page
Neuropeptide action in nucleus tractus solitarius: angiotensin specificity and hypertensive rats (1985)

We have reported that microinjection of angiotensin II (ANG II) into the nucleus tractus solitarius of urethan-anesthetized normotensive rats produces an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) over the dose range 50-500 pmol. The effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is now reported. Over the range 100-500 pmol SHR exhibit increases in MAP and heart rate greater than Wistar-Kyoto or Sprague-Dawley rats. SHR did not exhibit exaggerated responses to intravenous phenylephrine, suggesting a central site of increased responsiveness to ANG II. We also found depressor effects in Sprague-Dawley at lower doses (0.1 and 1 pmol). The decreases in MAP were extremely variable and not dose related. A selected dose of additional neuropeptides identified in the NTS was tested. Somatostatin, bradykinin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (0.5 nmol) were without cardiovascular effects. Oxytocin and vasopressin, however, produced significant increases in MAP. Substance P produced a very small but significant increase in heart rate and MAP. Interaction between the vasopressin and ANG II pressor effects was studied, and each proved to be independent.
Short-time pylorus ligation- a new method in ulcer research (1991)

Up to now there has been report no on the effect of short-time pyloric ligature (e.g.minutes) on experimental gastric lesions. in this way, the limiting factor (such as fore-stomach lesions, axcessive gastric juice accumulation, distension of the stomach) known after conventional ligature period (e.g. hours)would be fully avoided. In addition to complete pyloric occlusion, aneasthesia, abdominal incision and loose pyloric ligature were tested as sham procedures.. We demonstrated that complete pyloric occlusion even for short period (e.g. 15 minutes) inevitably produces very prominent haemorrhagic lesions (stress ulcers)which microscopically appeared as erosiones in addition to lamina propria permeated by red blood cells. Moreover, some minor lesions were already found after loose ligature. Since pyloric ligation first damages serosal stomach side, and mucosal resistance was found to be extremly vulnerable to serosal injuries, it was suggested that ischaemic microcirculatory disorders, produced by stomach manipulation from the serosa are responsible for the rapid lesion development described.
Enrichment of Silicon Isotopes with Infrared Free-Electron Laser Radiation (1999)

We have used the FELIX infrared free-electron laser (FEL) at the FOM Institute for Plasma Physics in The Netherlands to enrich silicon isotopes by multiple-photon dissociation of the molecule Si2F6. The absorption of infrared radiation induces the reaction Si2F6 → SiF4 + SiF2. Much of the SiF2 product further reacts to form additional SiF4. The Si2F6 molecule has absorption bands in the 10, 12, and 25 μm spectral regions. FEL-induced reactions occurred in all three regions. The reaction fraction was highest for the stronger band in the 10 μm region. Reactions in all three bands were isotopically selective. Irradiation in the 10 μm region at 952 cm-1 gave an isotopic selectivity of 5.6 for 30Si. For comparison, the published isotopic selectivity using a CO2 laser in the same spectral region is in excess of 17. We attribute the lower selectivity obtained with an FEL to its longer macropulse, its broader spectral width, and differences in experimental procedure. FEL irradiation in the region of the 12 μm band produced isotopic selectivities in excess of 20 for 30Si. Selective production of 28Si was high in the 25 μm region. We used changes in the infrared spectra of the irradiated samples for all analyses of reaction and isotope enrichment except for a single confirmation of enrichment with a mass spectrometer.
A spectrum of approaches for controlling diabetes (1992)

The management of diabetes is viewed as a control problem in which such diseases arise from a partial or total failure of one or more elements of the feedback loops responsible for maintaining homeostasis within the human organism. It is shown that a wide spectrum of approaches have relevance to this control problem, including closed-loop and open-loop approaches, short-term feedforward control, feedback control on a daily basis, and approaches to long-term diabetes management. In particular, it is shown that there are roles for both qualitative and quantitative model-based control system approaches as aids to the delivery of effective treatment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
174. Experiments on the synthesis of anthocyanins. Part XX. Synthesis of malvidin 3-galactoside and its probable occurrence as a natural anthocyanin (1934)

J. C. Bell and R. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc., 1934, 813 DOI: 10.1039/JR9340000813
PERIPAPILLARY ATROPHY WITH LARGE DEHISCENCES IN BRUCH MEMBRANE IN PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM (2015)

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum shares peripapillary atrophy and large dehiscences of Bruch membrane with pathologic myopia. Although theories of pathologic myopia involve stresses from ocular expansion, those of pseudoxanthoma elasticum typically do not. The Bruch membrane defect in pseudoxanthoma elasticum may be related to fragility secondary to abnormal calcification and to the surrounding abiotrophy of surrounding affected tissues of the posterior pole of the eye.
The ‘diamond concept’ for long bone non-union management (2019)

Long bone non-union continues to be a significant worldwide problem. Since its inception over a decade ago, the 'diamond concept', a conceptual framework of what is essential for a successful bone healing response, has gained great acceptance for assessing and planning the management of fracture non-unions. Herein, we discuss the epidemiology of non-unions, the basic science of bone healing in the context of the diamond concept, the currently available results and areas for future research.
Feature Extraction using Spiking Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

Spiking neural networks are biologically plausible counterparts of the artificial neural networks. Conventional (non spiking) artificial neural networks are trained using a stochastic gradient descent algorithm (back propagation) while spiking neural networks are trained using the spike timing dependant plasticity algorithm. Training conventional neural networks is a memory and computationally/energy intensive job. Spiking networks show the potential to reduce both memory and energy usage. In this work, we consider spiking neural networks (SNN) as a classifier of the MNIST and NM-NIST digits. We compare SNNs with convolutional neural networks in terms of classification accuracy, catastrophic forgetting.
Hemodynamic and Pressure–Volume Responses to Continuous and Pulsatile Ventricular Assist in an Adult Mock Circulation (2004)

This study investigated the hemodynamic and left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume loop responses to continuous versus pulsatile assist techniques at 50% and 100% bypass flow rates during simulated ventricular pathophysiologic states (normal, failing, recovery) with Starling response behavior in an adult mock circulation. The rationale for this approach was the desire to conduct a preliminary investigation in a well controlled environment that cannot be as easily produced in an animal model or clinical setting. Continuous and pulsatile flow ventricular assist devices (VADs) were connected to ventricular apical and aortic root return cannulae. The mock circulation was instrumented with a pressure-volume conductance catheter for simultaneous measurement of aortic root pressure and LV pressure and volume; a left atrial pressure catheter; a distal aortic pressure catheter; and aortic root, aortic distal, VAD output, and coronary flow probes. Filling pressures (mean left atrial and LV end diastolic) were reduced with each assist technique; continuous assist reduced filling pressures by 50% more than pulsatile. This reduction, however, was at the expense of a higher mean distal aortic pressure and lower diastolic to systolic coronary artery flow ratio. At full bypass flow (100%) for both assist devices, there was a pronounced effect on hemodynamic parameters, whereas the lesser bypass flow (50%) had only a slight influence. Hemodynamic responses to continuous and pulsatile assist during simulated heart failure differed from normal and recovery states. These findings suggest the potential for differences in endocardial perfusion between assist techniques that may warrant further investigation in an in vivo model, the need for controlling the amount of bypass flow, and the importance in considering the choice of in vivo model.
Nondestructive determination of fiber orientation distribution of paper surface by image analysis (2006)

SUMMARY Fiber orientation is a criterion used to ascertain the manufacturing district and manufacturing technique of ancient paper as a material of cultural properties. Image analysis using fast Fourier transform with suitable modifications was demonstrated to be an applicable and nondestructive method to determine the orientation angle and anisotropy. In order to improve its accuracy, two new procedures—the binarization process of the microscopic images of the paper surface and precise calculations of the average Fourier coefficients as an angular distribution by linear interpolation—have been introduced to the existing procedures. This analytical method was applied to digital optical micrographs of paper surfaces. As predicted, the method was able to distinguish among laboratory handsheet, copier paper, Japanese paper, and wood-containing paper in terms of the papermaking processes. Traditionally manufactured Korean and Japanese papers showed their own characteristic orientation behavior in accordance with the motion of the bamboo wire in papermaking.
Development of shotclay system to construct high-quality buffer materials - 9057 (2009)

This paper describes the result of an experiment of shotclay method which has been developed to construct the high-quality buffer materials in a radioactive waste disposal facility. The shotclay method is a construction method which is conducted by shooting particle-like bentonite material with the supplied energy of high-pressured air. This paper includes a basic idea of this method, features, and results of its key experiments.
Synovial fluid oxalate deposition complicating rheumatoid arthritis with amyloidosis and renal failure. Demonstration of intracellular oxalate crystals. (1987)

A patient with quiescent rheumatoid arthritis, amyloidosis and chronic renal failure developed an inflamed knee. Intracellular bipyramidal crystals characteristic of oxalate were found and are suggested as the cause of the acute arthritis. Since the patient had been treated with vitamin C, this precursor of oxalate is proposed as a possible factor in the crystal deposition.
Behavioral model for electrical response and strain sensitivity of nanotube-based nanocomposite materials (2012)

An algorithm to study the electrical conductivity of nanocomposite layers, made by dispersing nanotubes inside a polymer structure, is proposed. Conduction is modeled by following the path of electric current through the nanotube network within the polymer. Based on this algorithm, a numerical simulator is developed to study the effect of nanoparticles and nanocomposite film dimensions and concentration on the conductance of a nanocomposite resistor. This simulator is also capable of predicting the behavior of nanocomposite resistors under mechanical strain for devices with different parameters. To verify the simulation results, several test devices with different filler concentrations are fabricated from a composite of SU-8 and multiwall carbon nanotubes. The experimental results agree with the performance anticipated by the simulator, as the applied strain and filler concentration are altered independently. The simulator is capable of illustrating the tradeoffs between conductivity, sensitivity, and repeatability and can be used as a powerful tool to pave the path for designing reliable electronic components from nanocomposite materials.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Cleavage of Potassium Bicyclo(2.2.2)oct‐5‐en‐2‐olates. Stereoselective Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Trichodiene. (1989)

Abstract Ca. 10 differently substituted bicyclo(2.2.2)oct‐5‐en‐2‐olates are subjected to the title reaction, but only (Ia) and (Ib) are shown to give the products (II) with &gt; 15% yield.