gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directed Mutagenesis of Nicotinic Receptors to Investigate Receptor Function (2013)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are the archetypes of drug receptors. In 1905, John Newport Langley introduced the concept of a receptive substance on the surface of skeletal muscle that mediated the action of a drug, such as nicotine and curare (a neurotoxin made from a plant) (Langley et al., 1905). He also proposed that these receptive substances were different in different species and tissues, and they undergo conformational changes in response to the respective drug. Today nAChRs are considered prototypes of receptors that function as integral signal transducers. They have the response element and the ion channel domain within the same molecular entity as the ligand-binding domain that is activated by acetylcholine. In contrast, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) are prototypic G protein-coupled receptors. They also sense molecules outside the cell, but they require the G proteins to induce cellular responses by coupling to intracellular signalling pathways. More important than their historical role, nicotinic receptors continue to be at the forefront of science, as they are drug targets for muscle and nerve diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, Schizophrenia and Myasthenia gravis. Therefore, this receptor family serves as an excellent example for demonstrating the suitability of site-directed mutagenesis for investigating receptor function and exploring drug action.
Detection of dengue-2 viral RNA by reversible target capture hybridization (1993)

A reversible target capture (RTC) sandwich hybridization technique has been developed for the detection of dengue-2 viral RNA. The RTC is a form of sandwich hybridization that utilizes two probes: a poly(dA)-tailed capture probe and a labeled detector probe. Following hybridization of both probes to the analyte in solution, the poly(dA)-tailed capture probe is used to selectively remove the hybrids by capture on oligo(dT)-coated paramagnetic beads. AFter elution from the beads, the presence of specific hybrids is revealed by detection of the labeled probe. After optimization of all parameters by using 32P-labeled probes, digoxigenin was used as a label to preclude the use of radioisotopes. The sensitivity of the developed RTC procedure was determined. The lowest amount of virus detectable in cell culture lysates by using 32P-labeled probes was 20 PFU, while with digoxigenin-labeled probes, 200 PFU was detectable. The RTC procedure also detected dengue-2 virus in infected mosquitoes, both individually and in pools. The RTC has the advantage of being performed directly on crude samples, eliminating the need for phenol extraction and purification of target nucleic acids. These results indicate that the RTC procedure is sensitive, rapid, and easy to perform and that its use in surveillance programs will allow detection of dengue virus in pools of mosquitoes more rapidly than current procedures.
Synthesis of silicon nitride nanorods using carbon nanotube as a template (1997)

A method to prepare silicon nitride nanoscale rods using carbon nanotube as a template has been presented in this letter. The products of the reaction of carbon nanotubes with a mixture of Si and SiO2 powder in nitrogen atmosphere are β-Si3N4, α-Si3N4, and Si2N2O nanorods. The sizes of the nanorods are 4–40 nm in diameter and up to several microns in length. The formation mechanism of the nanorods has also been discussed.
Characterization of oil shales by laser pyrolysis-gas chromatography (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of oil shales by laser pyrolysis-gas chromatographyRay L. Hanson, N. E. Vanderborgh, and Douglas G. BrookinsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 2, 335–338Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60352a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60352a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solid-State Nanopore Analysis of Diverse DNA Base Modifications Using a Modular Enzymatic Labeling Process (2017)

Many regulated epigenetic elements and base lesions found in genomic DNA can both directly impact gene expression and play a role in disease processes. However, due to their noncanonical nature, they are challenging to assess with conventional technologies. Here, we present a new approach for the targeted detection of diverse modified bases in DNA. We first use enzymatic components of the DNA base excision repair pathway to install an individual affinity label at each location of a selected modified base with high yield. We then probe the resulting material with a solid-state nanopore assay capable of discriminating labeled DNA from unlabeled DNA. The technique features exceptional modularity via selection of targeting enzymes, which we establish through the detection of four DNA base elements: uracil, 8-oxoguanine, T:G mismatch, and the methyladenine analog 1,N<sup>6</sup>-ethenoadenine. Our results demonstrate the potential for a quantitative nanopore assessment of a broad range of base modifications.
Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Annona Genus (2022)

In 1789, the Annonaceae family was cataloged by de Jussieu. It encompasses tropical and subtropical plants which are widespread in distribution across various continents such as Asia, South and Central America, Australia and Africa. The genus of Annona is one of the 120 genera of the Annonaceae family and contains more than 119 species of trees and shrubs. The majority of these species are found in tropical America with more than 105 species (26 of them are endemic). Due to its edible fruits and medicinal properties, Annona is the most important genus of Annonaceae family. Despite Annona having many species, only limited species of this family are economically important such as A. squamosa L. (sugar apple), A. cherimola Mill. (Cherimoya), A. muricata L. (guanabana or soursop), A. atemoya Mabb. (atemoya), a hybrid between A. cherimola and A. squamosa, A. reticulata L. (custard apple), A. glabra L. (pond-apple) and A. macroprophyllata Donn. Sm. (ilama). Phytochemically, several classes of secondary metabolites such as acetogenins, essential oils, alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids have been described in this genus. A variety of pharmacological activities have been reported from various parts of Annona species specially leaves and seeds including applications against antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory.
Design and Evaluation of Fusion Approach for Combining Brain and Gaze Inputs for Target Selection (2016)

Gaze-based interfaces and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) allow for hands-free human-computer interaction. In this paper, we investigate the combination of gaze and BCIs. We propose a novel selection technique for 2D target acquisition based on input fusion. This new approach combines the probabilistic models for each input, in order to better estimate the intent of the user. We evaluated its performance against the existing gaze and brain-computer interaction techniques. Twelve participants took part in our study, in which they had to search and select 2D targets with each of the evaluated techniques. Our fusion-based hybrid interaction technique was found to be more reliable than the previous gaze and BCI hybrid interaction techniques for 10 participants over 12, while being 29% faster on average. However, similarly to what has been observed in hybrid gaze-and-speech interaction, gaze-only interaction technique still provides the best performance. Our results should encourage the use of input fusion, as opposed to sequential interaction, in order to design better hybrid interfaces.
Knowledge, attitude, and behaviour toward antibiotics among Hong Kong people: local-born versus immigrants. (2015)

Knowledge, attitude, and behaviour toward antibiotics among Hong Kong people: local-born versus immigrants
Asymptotic Formulas for the Stress Field of a Crack by Nonlocal Elasticity (2005)

A new mathematical approach is adopted to deal with the crack tip stress field. By considering the parameter α, which is proportional to the reciprocal of the distance between atoms, being large, we construct two asymptotic expansions for the stress field, which are uniformly valid for ra (r is the distance to the crack tip) being bounded and unbounded respectively. The results show that the classical singularity is eliminated and a finite value at the crack tip is found. We define this value as Nonlocal Boundary Residual (NBR) which is microscopic mechanics quantity and disappears in macroscopic mechanics theory. It is also found that to small angle stress there is a maximum stress near to the crack tip.
Online panel research (2014)

In this introductory chapter, written by the six editors of this volume, we introduce and attempt to systematize the key concepts used when discussing online panels. The connection between Internet penetration and the evolution of panels is discussed as are the different types of online panels, their composition, and how they are built. Most online panels do not use probability-based methods, but some do and the differences are discussed. The chapter also describes in some detail the process of joining a panel, answering initial profiling questions, and becoming an active panel member. We discuss the most common sampling techniques, highlighting their strengths and limitations, and touch on techniques to increase representativeness when using a non-probability panel. The variety of incentive methods in current use also is described. Panel maintenance is another key issue, since attrition often is substantial and a panel must be constantly refreshed. Online panels can be used to support a wide range of study designs, some cross-sectional or and others longitudinal, where the same sample members are surveyed multiple times on the same topic. We also discuss industry standards and professional association guidelines for conducting research using online panels. The chapter concludes with a look to the future of online panels and more generally online sampling via means other than classic panels.
Data Supplement from Heparanase Cooperates with <i>Ras</i> to Drive Breast and Skin Tumorigenesis (2023)

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182Influence of beam spoiler and air gap on dose distribution in build-up region for X6 MV static field (2021)

Anna A. Oleshkevich, Specific features of change in enzymate activity in
Analysis of the multiphase Inductor-Converter Bridge (1978)

A mathematical model is presented of the general m-phase ICB. The analysis is useful for gaining insight in the behavior of the ICB and the significance of the parameters involved. It is also useful as a tool for the design of ICB systems. Furthermore, the equations presented can be used to represent the ICB in a closed loop control system with the output being the load quantity of interest.
Continuous ultra-thin MoS2 films grown by low-temperature physical vapor deposition (2014)

Uniform growth of pristine two dimensional (2D) materials over large areas at lower temperatures without sacrifice of their unique physical properties is a critical pre-requisite for seamless integration of next-generation van der Waals heterostructures into functional devices. This Letter describes a vapor phase growth technique for precisely controlled synthesis of continuous, uniform molecular layers of MoS2 on silicon dioxide and highly oriented pyrolitic graphite substrates of over several square centimeters at 350 °C. Synthesis of few-layer MoS2 in this ultra-high vacuum physical vapor deposition process yields materials with key optical and electronic properties identical to exfoliated layers. The films are composed of nano-scale domains with strong chemical binding between domain boundaries, allowing lift-off from the substrate and electronic transport measurements from contacts with separation on the order of centimeters.
Shallow High-Resolution Reflection Seismics (1998)

Chapter headings: Preface. Introduction: Basic Theory. Acquisition of Seismic Data. Processing. Resolution in Time and Space. Static Corrections in High-Resolution Seismics. Pre-Processing of Vibrator Data. Pre-Stack Versus Post-Stack Correlation and Deconvolution. Amplitude Control in Shallow Seismic Surveying. Quantification of Data Quality and the Design of Optimum Sweeps. Reflection Seismic Exploration with S-Waves. Case Histories. Index.
Capturing Nanoscale Structure in Network Gels by Microemulsion Polymerization (2012)

Small-angle neutron scattering and turbidity were used to probe nanoscale structure in bicontinuous microemulsions before and after polymerization. Difficulties in capturing nanoscale structure by polymerizing microemulsions have persisted with the use of thermal initiation. Bicontinuous microemulsion polymerization with a reactive surfactant monomer and cross-linker was done with only a 20% increase in repeat distance. This small increase represents better than an order of magnitude advance over previous attempts, exhibiting hundreds to thousands percent increases. Both the network gel and the precursor microemulsion were transparent and devoid of microphase separation.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORUS‐CONTAINING PRODUCTS FROM THE REACTION OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOLS WITH PHOSPHORUS TRIHALIDES. 4. ALKYL SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON OXAPHOSPHOLENE FORMATION (1976)

Abstract Aus den Propargylalkoholen (I) erhält man mit Phosphortrichlorid die Chlorphosphite (II), die bei Ausschluß bzw. rascher Entfernung des gebildeten Chlorwasserstoffs zu den Chlor‐allenen (III) sowie den Cyclisierungsprodukten (IV) führen.
Scanning DMA data analysis II. Integrated DMA-CPC instrument response and data inversion (2018)

Analysis of scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (SEMS) or SMPS data requires coupling the scanning differential mobility analyzer (DMA) transfer function with the response functions for the instrument plumbing and the detector. In the limit of plug flow (uniform velocity) within the DMA, the scanning DMA transfer function has the same form as that for constant voltage. Most SEMS/SMPS data analysis uses this model, though previous studies have shown that boundary layers distort the transfer function during scanning DMA measurements. Part I determined the instantaneous transfer function during scanning of the TSI Model 3081 A long column DMA by modeling the flows, fields, and particle trajectories within the actual DMA geometry. This study (Part II) combines that transfer function with empirical data on the efficiencies and delay time distributions of the plumbing and detector of the SEMS/SMPS to determine the instantaneous rate at which particles are counted, and integrates the count rate over the finite counting time interval to obtain the integrated SEMS/SMPS response function. Simulations using this geometrical model are compared with those obtained using traditional, idealized DMA models for scan rates ranging from slow (240 s) to very fast (10 s), and with measurements of monodisperse calibration aerosols. Data inversion studies show that both increasing and decreasing voltage scans can be used to determine the particle size distribution, even with fast scans.Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research
P4‐128: Vasculopathological characteristics of neuropsychologically derived subgroups of mild cognitive impairment and dementia (2015)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its milder form, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), are often comorbid with diverse manifestations of vascular pathology, which may include occlusion of large or small arteries, macro- or microinfarcts, and cortical or subcortical lesions. This syndrome is thus highly heterogeneous in terms of underlying pathology. Better understanding of the vascular pathologies associated with in vivo cognitive features of AD would increase accuracy in estimating the most probable etiology of cognitive impairment. Participants were 238 cognitively impaired seniors from the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center database whose primary suspected etiology was AD. All underwent neuropsychological testing <1 year antemortem and had neuropathological autopsy data available. Participants were stratified into three subgroups based on recommendations by Bondi & Smith (2014): 1) a pure amnestic group (n=11) whose only deficit was delayed episodic memory, 2) a mixed language/memory group (n=103) and 3) a dysexecutive group (n=124) showing processing speed and mental flexibility impairments. Using Kruskal-Wallis analysis, the groups were compared on neuropathological variables associated with vascular disease: arteriolosclerosis, atherosclerosis of the circle of Willis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cortical microinfarcts, subcortical lacunes, large arterial infarcts, and subcortical vascular leukoencephalopathy. Vasculopathy was present in 81.8% of the pure amnestic sample, in 78.6% of the language/memory sample, and in 80.6% of the dysexecutive sample. The groups differed on the presence of arteriolosclerosis (χ2=20.0, p<.001) and large infarcts (χ2=8.1, p=.018). Large infarcts were more frequent in the pure memory group (27.3% of cases) than in the language/memory (6.8%, p=.023) and dysexecutive (4.8%, p=.004) groups. Arteriolosclerosis was more frequent in the language/memory group (17.5% of cases) than in the pure memory group (9.1%, p=.026), and significantly more frequent in the dysexecutive group (19.4%) than in both the pure memory (p<.001) and language/memory (p=.002) groups. These findings describe the vasculopathies that are most frequent in different subgroups of individuals with suspected AD, and indicate that arteriosclerosis and large infarcts may be contributing to variations in cognitive performance. Results also suggest that language or executive impairments point to a higher likelihood of underlying small vessel disease that may be the focus of treatment.
Three‐component Oxytrifluoromethylation of Alkenes: Highly Efficient and Regioselective Difunctionalization of CC Bonds Mediated by Photoredox Catalysts (2012)

Here comes the sun: A facile vicinal difunctionalization of alkenes, oxytrifluoromethylation, was established by visible-light-driven photoredox catalysis. Judicious choice of the CF3 source is key. Nucleophiles such as water, alcohols, and carboxylic acids can be used in this highly efficient (2–4 h) and regioselective (100 %) transformation using light-emitting diode (LED) lamps and natural sunlight. SET=single-electron transfer.
The Wound Healing Effect of PDRN(polydeoxyribonucleotide) Material on Full Thickness Skin Defect in the Mouse (2010)

【Purpose: Many topical agents had been used for burn or wound treatment. An awareness of topical agents on various aspects of wound healing permits the clinician to choose the most appropriate material to advantageously control the wound process and final results. Although polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) was used as a tissue repair stimulating agent in a number of human diseases, such as ulcers and burns, its wound healing effects were largely unreported. We aimed to compare the woundhealing effects of PDRN and common dressing materials on full-thickness skin defect in the mouse. Methods: Full-thickness skin defects were made on the back of mice (N=60). The mice were divided into the following 4 groups according to the dressing used for the wounds: group O (Polydeoxyribonucleotide cream), group I (Polydeoxyribonucleotide solution), group M (Medifoam $^{(R)}$ ), and group G (dry gauze, control group). We analyzed the gross findings, wound sizes and histological findings for the groups. Results: The rate of wound size was decreased in order of group I, group O, group M and group G. The histological findings revealed that the I group showed more reepithelialization and granulation tissue formation and less inflammatory cell infiltration than the other materials. The grade score of wound healing was increased in order of group I, group O, group M and group G. Conclusion: PDRN applicated wound dressings can be used for treating a full-thickness skin defect wounds. Considering its superior efficacy in comparison to the efficacies of other wound dressings, PDRN soaked gauze dressing should be preferentially used for the treatment of fullthickness skin wounds.】
Evaluation of Spray Application of a Lactobacillus-based Probiotic on Salmonella enteritidis Colonization in Broiler Chickens (2007)

3 Abstract: Spray application offers low-cost and efficient application of biologic and reduced concerns regarding diverse water quality and medicator/proportioner function. The objective of the present study was to evaluat e the spray application of a Lactobacillus-based probiotic on Salmonella enteritidis (SE ) colonization in broiler chickens. Day-of-hatch chicks were challenged with Salmonella enteritidis (SE) by oral gavage alone, challenged with SE and treated by coarse spray application of a commercially-available Lactic- acid bacterial probiotic (FM-Probiotic ), or challenged with SE and treated with B11 continuously in the TM Drinking Water (DW). Five days post-challenge, cecal tonsils were collected for presence or absence of SE. In Exp. 1, probiotic treatment by either spray or DW application significantly (p<0.05) reduced SE recovery (55% and 50% respectively; controls 85%) when chicks were held for 8h prior to challenge and placement. Similarly, when probiotic spray treatment or water treatment and challenge occurred simultaneously, with placement 8h after treatment, a marked and significant reduction of SE recovery was noted after 5d (10% and 40% respectively, controls 55%). In Exp. 2, when probiotic spray treatment and challenge occurred simultaneously, with placement 8h after treatment, a significant reduction of SE recovery was again noted in both the spray and DW application (80% controls, 15% spray, 15% DW). Taken together, these results suggest that spray application of this probiotic, when performed in the manner described above, can be effective for protection of chicks against Salmonella infection.
Quantification of Reinvestment Risk in the Private Investment Portfolio (2001)

Inherent in an early distribution from a private market investment is the risk that funds reinvested in either a liquid vehicle (with immediate reinvestment) or in a private market vehicle (after a delay for locating and committing to another private investment) will not achieve the returns expected for the original private market investment. Using equations derived in this article, one can calculate the reinvestment risk intrinsic to receiving a private investment distribution earlier than anticipated in the original time horizon. Analysis of the reinvestment risk may suggest private market investment policies most consistent with an investor9s risk tolerance and financial goals.