gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lafutidine prevents low‐dose aspirin and loxoprofen induced gastric injury: A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo controlled study (2010)

The addition of loxoprofen to LDA increases gastric mucosal damage. Standard-dose lafutidine significantly prevents gastric mucosal damage induced by LDA alone or LDA plus loxoprofen in H. pylori-negative volunteers. Larger controlled studies are needed to strengthen these findings.
Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control Without Weighting Factors for Common Grounded Five-Level PV Inverter (2021)

Elimination of leakage currents is a critical issue for transformerless photovoltaic (PV) inverters. Multilevel common grounded (CG) PV inverters have become promising solutions for mitigating leakage currents. However, developing multilevel outputs and injecting high quality currents impose several challenges for classical controllers. Therefore, this paper presents a finite control set model predictive control, FCS-MPC, without weighting factors for the five level CG switched capacitor cells inverter. Moreover, tuning the weighting factors in the classical FCS-MPC requires performing several cases and comparing the different cases to select the best weighting factors. In the proposed FCS-MPC, the problem of weighting factor adjustment of the classical FCS-MPC methods is eliminated through dividing the cost function objectives. Hence, simplified and robust design is achieved using the proposed FCS-MPC method while avoiding long procedures for tuning the weighting factors. Simulation results of the proposed FCS-MPC method are provided to verify its performance.
Anaerobic Degradation of Nonylphenol Mono- and Diethoxylates in Digestor Sludge, Landfilled Municipal Solid Waste, and Landfilled Sludge (1998)

The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which anaerobic digestor sludge, landfilled sludge, and landfilled municipal solid waste (MSW) degrade NPEOs under methanogenic conditions. NPEO1 and NPEO2 (NPEO1-2), used in a mixture, were chosen as model compounds. Anaerobic experimental bottles were amended with 100% digestor sludge at three different concentrations of NPEO1-2: 2, 60, and 308 mg L-1. [U-14C]-NPEO1-2 was used to detect any possible decomposition of the aromatic moiety of the NPEO1-2. All inoculates used degraded NPEO1-2 at 2 mg L-1, with nonylphenol (NP) forming the ultimate degradation product. The NP formed was not further degraded, and the incubations with labeled NPEO showed that the aromatic structure remained intact. Both landfill inoculates also transformed NPEO1-2 at 60 mg L-1. CH4 production was temporarily hampered in bottles with MSW landfill inoculum at 60 and 308 mg L-1. With 2 mg L-1 of NPEO, CH4 production closely followed that in the controls. Both NP and NPEO1-2 interacted with the organic matter which resulted in sorption to the solid phase.
Assessment of pharmacogenetic tests: presenting measures of clinical validity and potential population impact in association studies (2016)

The progressing discovery of genetic variants associated with drug-related adverse events has raised expectations for pharmacogenetic tests to improve drug efficacy and safety. To further the use of pharmacogenetics in health care, tests with sufficient potential to improve efficacy and safety, as reflected by good clinical validity and population impact, need to be identified. The potential benefit of pharmacogenetic tests is often concluded from the strength of the association between the variant and the adverse event; measures of clinical validity are generally not reported. This paper describes measures of clinical validity and potential population health impact that can be calculated from association studies. We explain how these measures are influenced by the strength of the association and by the frequencies of the variant and the adverse event. The measures are illustrated using examples of testing for HLA-B*5701 associated with abacavir-induced hypersensitivity and SLCO1B1 c.521T>C (*5) associated with simvastatin-induced adverse events.
Noninvasive Evaluation of Contractile Behavior of Cardiomyocyte Monolayers Based on Motion Vector Analysis (2011)

A noninvasive method for the characterization of cardiomyocyte contractile behavior is presented. Light microscopic video images of cardiomyocytes were captured with a high-speed camera, and motion vectors (which have a velocity dimension) were calculated with a high spatiotemporal resolution using a block-matching algorithm. This method could extract contraction and relaxation motions of cardiomyocytes separately and evaluate characteristics such as the beating rate, orientation of contraction, beating cooperativity/homogeneity in the monolayer, and wave propagation of impulses. Simultaneous phase-contrast imaging and calcium (Ca2+) fluorescence measurements confirmed that the timing of the maximum shortening velocity of cardiomyocytes correlated well with intracellular Ca2+ transients. Based on our analysis, gap junction inhibitors, 1-heptanol (2 mM) or 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid (30 μM), resulted in clear changes in beating cooperativity and the propagation pattern of impulses in the cardiomyocyte monolayer. Additionally, the time dependence of the motion vector length indicated a prolonged relaxation process in the presence of potassium (K+) channel blockers, dl-sotalol (1 μM), E-4031 (100 nM), or terfenadine (100 nM), reflecting the prolonged QT (Q wave and T wave) interval of cardiomyocytes. Effects of autonomic agents (acetylcholine or epinephrine [EPI]) or EPI and propranolol on cardiomyocytes were clearly detected by the alterations of beating rate and the motion vector length in contraction and relaxation processes. This method was noninvasive and could sensitively evaluate the contractile behavior of cardiomyocytes; therefore, it may be used to study and/or monitor cardiomyocyte tissue during prolonged culture periods and in screens for drugs that may alter the contraction of cardiomyocytes.
Developmental response to hypoxia (2004)

Molecular mechanisms underlying fetal growth restriction due to placental insufficiency and in utero hypoxia are not well understood. In the current study, time-dependent (3 h-11 days) changes in fetal tissue gene expression in a rat model of in utero hypoxia compared with normoxic controls were investigated as an initial approach to understand molecular events underlying fetal development in response to hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, litter size was reduced and IGFBP-1 was up-regulated in maternal serum and in fetal liver and heart. Tissue-specific, distinct regulatory patterns of gene expression were observed under acute vs. chronic hypoxic conditions. Induction of glycolytic enzymes was an early event in response to hypoxia during organ development; consistently, tissue-specific induction of calcium homeostasis-related genes and suppression of growth-related genes were observed, suggesting mechanisms underlying hypoxia-related fetal growth restriction. Furthermore, induction of inflammation-related genes in placentas exposed to long-term hypoxia (11 days) suggests a mechanism for placental dysfunction and impaired pregnancy outcome accompanying in utero hypoxia.
Determination of ammonia/ammonium ion in water by continuous-flow chemiluminescence after derivatization to an isoindole. (1993)

アンモニウムイオンをオルトフタルジアルデヒド及び2-メルカプトエタノールを用いて蛍光性の誘導体に変換した後,シュウ酸アリール-過酸化水素化学発光系で定量する方法を検討した.誘導体化反応は約200秒で完了するので,連続的なフロー分析が可能となった.最適化した条件で検出限界はNH3として2.9ng ml-1であり,6μg ml-1まで直線的な応答が得られた.第一アミン類は定量的に誘導体化・検出されるが,その他の共存物質の影響は小さい.雨水試料に適用し,従来法とよく一致することを確認した.
Enhancement of light-matter interaction in MoS<inf>2</inf> monolayers by resonant nanoparticles (2016)

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are class of materials, which have recently attracted a high degree of scientific attention. In these materials, the adjacent crystal layers are mutually attached only by weak Van-der-Waals forces, enabling the preparation of TMD monolayers with thicknesses below one nanometer. Interestingly, TMDs, which are indirect semiconductors in their bulk form, become direct semiconductors in the monolayer limit. These monolayers show pronounced excitonic emission lines and a strong second-order nonlinearity, making TMDs very interesting for a variety of optical applications.
Phagocytosis by haemocytes from the Lesser Octopus Eledone cirrhosa (1997)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Systemic Targeting Inhibitor of κB Kinase Inhibits Melanoma Tumor Growth (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Systemic Targeting Inhibitor of κB Kinase Inhibits Melanoma Tumor Growth
Systematics of the spiny mouse (Acomys : Muroidea) : molecular and biochemical evidences (1994)

International audience
The allosteric enhancer PD81,723 increases chimaeric A1/A2A adenosine receptor coupling with Gs (2006)

PD81,723 {(2-amino-4,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-[3-(trifluromethyl)-phenyl]methanone} is a selective allosteric enhancer of the G(i)-coupled A1 AR (adenosine receptor) that is without effect on G(s)-coupled A2A ARs. PD81,723 elicits a decrease in the dissociation kinetics of A1 AR agonist radioligands and an increase in functional agonist potency. In the present study, we sought to determine whether enhancer sensitivity is dependent on coupling domains or G-protein specificity of the A1 AR. Using six chimaeric A1/A2A ARs, we show that the allosteric effect of PD81,723 is maintained in a chimaera in which the predominant G-protein-coupling domain of the A1 receptor, the 3ICL (third intracellular loop), is replaced with A2A sequence. These chimaeric receptors are dually coupled with G(s) and G(i), and PD81,723 increases the potency of N6-cyclopentyladenosine to augment cAMP accumulation with or without pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin. Thus PD81,723 has similar functional effects on chimaeric receptors with A1 transmembrane sequences that couple with G(i) or G(s). This is the first demonstration that an allosteric regulator can function in the context of a switch in G-protein-coupling specificity. There is no enhancement by PD81,723 of G(i)-coupled A2A chimaeric receptors with A1 sequence replacing A2A sequence in the 3ICL. The results suggest that the recognition site for PD81,723 is on the A1 receptor and that the enhancer acts to directly stabilize the receptor to a conformational state capable of coupling with G(i) or G(s).
Faculty Opinions recommendation of HLA-DM captures partially empty HLA-DR molecules for catalyzed removal of peptide. (2010)

The mechanisms of HLA-DM-catalyzed peptide exchange remain uncertain. Here we found that all stages of the interaction of HLA-DM with HLA-DR were dependent on the occupancy state of the peptide-binding groove. High-affinity peptides were protected from removal by HLA-DM through two mechanisms: peptide binding induced the dissociation of a long-lived complex of empty HLA-DR and HLA-DM, and high-affinity HLA-DR-peptide complexes bound HLA-DM only very slowly. Nonbinding covalent HLA-DR-peptide complexes were converted into efficient HLA-DM binders after truncation of an N-terminal peptide segment that emptied the P1 pocket and disrupted conserved hydrogen bonds to HLA-DR. HLA-DM thus binds only to HLA-DR conformers in which a critical part of the binding site is already vacant because of spontaneous peptide motion. PMID: 21131964 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI057493-02 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS044914-08 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS044914-07 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 AI045757-10 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI057493-05 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 AI045757-09 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 AI045757 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI057493-03 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI057493 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 AI045757-11 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS044914-04 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 AI045757-08 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS044914-06 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI057493-04 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 AI045757-12 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS044914 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: NS044914 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 AI045757-10S1 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS044914-05A1 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI057493-01 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 AI045757-13 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Effect of transformation cycling on the .EPSILON. martensitic transformation in Fe-Mn alloys. (1990)

The eftect of Y == 8 cyclic transformation on the subsequent forward and reverse transformations was studied in low carbon Fe-17"/Mn and Fe-25"loMn binary alloys.
Evolution of growth traits in invasive Pereskia aculeata (Cactaceae): testing the EICA hypothesis using its specialist herbivore, Catorhintha schaffneri (Coreidae) (2020)

Invasive genotypes had an advantage in the introduced range as they can climb neighbouring vegetation more quickly than native genotypes, but the damage incurred by the invasive genotypes relative to the native genotypes suggests only that C. schaffneri would be as damaging in South Africa, where it serves as a biocontrol agent, as it is in its native distribution in Brazil. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Molecular Similarity Searching Using Atom Environments, Information-Based Feature Selection, and a Naïve Bayesian Classifier (2003)

A novel technique for similarity searching is introduced. Molecules are represented by atom environments, which are fed into an information-gain-based feature selection. A naïve Bayesian classifier is then employed for compound classification. The new method is tested by its ability to retrieve five sets of active molecules seeded in the MDL Drug Data Report (MDDR). In comparison experiments, the algorithm outperforms all current retrieval methods assessed here using two- and three-dimensional descriptors and offers insight into the significance of structural components for binding.
Review Article: Bupropion for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (2010)

Neuropathic pain is a common problem in clinical practice, affecting patients physically, emotionally, financially, and socially. Current treatment includes antidepressants, antiepileptics, and opioid analgesics. Bupropion is a specific inhibitor of neuronal noradrenaline reuptake and a weak inhibitor of dopamine reuptake, which shows some promise in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
<title>Distortion compensation in MR images for robotic stereotactic procedures</title> (1990)

For medical applications such as stereotactic surgery and radiation treatment accurate information about the size and location of the lesion is very crucial. Although magnetic resonance (MR) images does convey more clinical information than computerized tomography (CT) the geometry of MR image is distorted because of the inhomogeneous main magnetic field and nonlinear gradient fields. This paper deals with the correction of the MR image distortions by modeling the distortion function as certain high order polynomial equations. The coefficients of the polynomial equations can be determined by mapping a set of distorted reference points to its a priori locations. A special phantom is designed to correct the distortion in all three directions. To avoid roundoff error a subpixel mapping scheme is used which corrects not only the physical distortions but also the intensities of the image as well. Finally a special subharmonic condition is evaluated which when satisfied will make the use of MR images for robotic stereotactic procedures feasible.
Mutation of the Gene Encoding Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor Type 1 (cnf1) Attenuates the Virulence of UropathogenicEscherichia coli (2001)

Cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (CNF1) is a 115-kDa toxin that activates Rho GTPases and is produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). While both epidemiological studies that link CNF1 production by E. coli with urinary tract disease and the cytopathic effects of CNF1 on cultured urinary tract cells are suggestive of a role for the toxin as a UPEC virulence factor, few in vivo studies to test this possibility have been reported. Therefore, in this investigation, we evaluated the importance of CNF1 in a murine model of urinary tract infection (UTI) by comparing the degree of colonization and damage induced by three different CNF1-producing E. coli strains with isogenic CNF1-deficient derivatives. The data from single-strain challenge experiments with C3H/HeOuJ mice indicated a trend toward higher counts of the wild-type strains in the urine and bladders of these animals up to 3 days after challenge in two of three strain pairs. Furthermore, this difference was statistically significant at day 2 of infection with one strain pair, C189 and C189cnf(1). To control for the animal-to-animal variability inherent in this model, we infected C3H/HeOuJ mice with a mixture of CNF1-positive and -negative isogenic derivatives of CP9. The CNF1-positive strain was recovered in higher numbers than the CNF1-negative strain in the urine, bladders, and kidneys of the mice up to 9 days postinfection. These striking coinfection findings, taken with the trends observed in single-strain infections, led us to conclude that CNF1-negative strains were generally attenuated compared to the wild type in the C3H/HeOuJ mouse model of UTI. Furthermore, histopathological examination of bladder specimens from mice infected with CNF1-positive strains consistently showed deeper, more extensive inflammation than in those infected with the isogenic mutants. Lastly, we found that CNF1-positive strain CP9 was better able to resist killing by fresh human neutrophils than were CP9cnf(1) bacteria. From these data in aggregate, we propose that CNF1 production increases the capacity of UPEC strains to resist killing by neutrophils, which in turn permits these bacteria to gain access to deeper tissue and persist better in the lower urinary tract.
Crystal structure and thermal properties of a new double salt: K2SiF6·KNO3 (2007)

Abstract A new double salt K 2 SiF 6 ·KNO 3 was found during determination of the solubility of K 2 SiF 6 in aqueous potassium nitrate solutions. Unit cell parameters (P6 3 /mmc, a = 5.6268(1) Å, c = 14.5186(6) Å, V = 398.09(2) Å 3 , Z = 2) and crystal structure have been determined. The compound is further characterized by RAMAN spectroscopy and X‐ray powder diffraction. Thermal properties were studied using DTA, DSC and in situ high‐ temperature X‐ray powder diffraction measurements. At 287 °C K 2 SiF 6 ·KNO 3 decomposes into its components KNO 3 and K 2 SiF 6 with an enthalpy of decomposition of about + 42 J·g ‐1 . Further thermal effects could be assigned to phase transformations of KNO 3 whereby earlier literature data have been reconfirmed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Intracellular distribution and extraction of tumor homograft-enhancing antigens. (1960)

Summary Tumor homograft-enhancing activity was found to be widely distributed in subcellular particulate fractions prepared from Sarcoma I ascites cells but was essentially absent from the soluble fraction. It was most concentrated in the fluffy layer, but, because of the relatively large mass of the nuclei, about half of the total activity of the cells was present in the nuclear fraction. A procedure for extracting enhancing activity from a particulate fraction prepared from ascites tumor cells was developed. Active extracts contained three components separable by electrophoresis at pH 9.2. The fastest-moving component could be eliminated by incubating the particulate fraction with ribonuclease.
Learning strategy knowledge incrementally (2002)

Modern industrial processes require advanced computer tools that should adapt to the user requirements and to the tasks being solved. Strategy learning consists of automating the acquisition of patterns of actions used while solving particular tasks. Current intelligent strategy learning systems acquire operational knowledge to improve the efficiency of a particular problem solver. However, these strategy learning tools should also provide a way of achieving low-cost solutions according to user-specific criteria. In this paper, we present a learning system, HAMLET, which is integrated in a planning architecture, PRODIGY, and acquires control knowledge to guide PRODIGY to efficiently produce cost-effective plans. HAMLET learns from planning episodes, by explaining why the correct decisions were made, and later refines the learned strategy knowledge to make it incrementally correct with experience.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Oxazol‐5‐(4H)‐ones and Their Application Toward Natural Product Synthesis. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The outcomes of Polish patients with advanced BRAF-positive melanoma treated with vemurafenib in a safety clinical trial (2015)

The overall safety profile and response rate of vemurafenib were comparable to those reported in previous studies of this drug. Our study confirmed the value of well-established prognostic features for overall survival, such as initial LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) level and AJCC staging.
前台与应用：脱离PC的网络世界——让瘦客户机解决网络成本与管理问题 (2001)

话说前两天，e刀客正在家中闲坐，突然接到嘟囔小姐打来的电话。急性子的嘟囔在电话中匆匆忙忙地叫e刀客尽快赶到她所在的报社——“有要事相商”，然后也没解释理由就挂断了。e刀客不免苦笑，心里想：“这个嘟囔，也许是当记者当出了毛病，办什么事情都这样风风火火的。”想归想，朋友的事情e刀客是从来不肯怠慢的，于是迅速起程。
Aggregates of quadrupolar dyes for two-photon absorption: the role of intermolecular interactions (2016)

We present a theoretical investigation of small aggregates of quadrupolar (A-π-D-π-A or D-π-A-π-D) charge-transfer dyes, with attention focused on the role of intermolecular interactions in determining their optical properties. We tackle the theoretical issue by adopting essential-state models (ESMs), which describe an isolated molecule in terms of a minimal number of electronic states, corresponding to the resonance structures. ESMs quite naturally describe intermolecular interactions relaxing the dipolar approximation and accounting for molecular polarizabilities. The approach is applied to curcuminoid and squaraine dyes, two families of chromophores with weak and strong quadrupolar character, respectively. The method is validated against experiment and for curcuminoids also against time-dependent density functional theory. ESMs rationalize the strong ultra-excitonic effects recurrently observed in the experimental optical spectra of aggregates of highly polarizable quadrupolar dyes, offering a valuable tool to exploit the supramolecular design of material properties.