gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and simulation of global and sleep states in ACPI‐compliant energy‐efficient cloud environments (2016)

Summary The more large‐scale data centers infrastructure costs increase, the more simulation‐based evaluations are needed to understand better the trade‐off between energy and performance and support the development of new energy‐aware resource allocation policies. Specifically, in the cloud computing field, various simulators are able to predict and measure the behavior of applications on different architectures using different resource allocation policies. Yet, only a few of them have the ability to simulate energy‐saving strategies, and none of them support the complete advanced configuration and power interface (ACPI) specification. ACPI defines a terminology for all possible power states of a machine and their associated power rate. The hardware industry has relied on ACPI to provide up‐to‐date standard interfaces for hardware discovery, configuration, power management, and monitoring, enabling a better understanding of the energy consumption level of different hardware states, referred to as ACPI G‐states, S‐states, and P‐states. In this paper, we improve the modeling and simulation of the ACPI G/S‐states and show not only that these states offer different energy‐saving levels but also that state transitions consume energy. In addition, we model the latency to transit between two states and the effects on the turnaround time when the transitions are not performed conservatively. Furthermore, the equations provide essential information to quantify the trade‐off between energy consumption and performance and assist in the analysis/decision on which strategy fits better in the environment and how it could be refined. Our expanded energy model was implemented in CloudSim and validated with simulation‐based experiments with a very high level of accuracy, with a standard deviation of at most 6%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Propulsion System Modelling for Condition Monitoring and Control: A Status Report (1994)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A rigorous propulsion system modelling method suitable for control and condition monitoring purposes is developed. Previously developed control oriented methods yielding nominal models for gaseous medium propulsion systems are extended to include both nominal and anomalous models for liquid mediums in the following two ways. First, thermodynamic and fluid dynamic properties for liquids such as liquid hydrogen are incorporated into the governing equations. Second, anomalous conditions are captured in ways compatible with existing system theoretic design and analysis tools so that anomalous models can be constructed. Applications to the nominal SSME HPFP and degraded HPFP are considered as an example.&lt;/div&gt;
BICEP/Keck. XVI. Characterizing Dust Polarization through Correlations with Neutral Hydrogen (2023)

Abstract We characterize Galactic dust filaments by correlating BICEP/Keck and Planck data with polarization templates based on neutral hydrogen (H i ) observations. Dust polarization is important for both our understanding of astrophysical processes in the interstellar medium (ISM) and the search for primordial gravitational waves in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In the diffuse ISM, H i is strongly correlated with the dust and partly organized into filaments that are aligned with the local magnetic field. We analyze the deep BICEP/Keck data at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, over the low-column-density region of sky where BICEP/Keck has set the best limits on primordial gravitational waves. We separate the H i emission into distinct velocity components and detect dust polarization correlated with the local Galactic H i but not with the H i associated with Magellanic Stream i . We present a robust, multifrequency detection of polarized dust emission correlated with the filamentary H i morphology template down to 95 GHz. For assessing its utility for foreground cleaning, we report that the H i morphology template correlates in B modes at a ∼10%–65% level over the multipole range 20 &lt; ℓ &lt; 200 with the BICEP/Keck maps, which contain contributions from dust, CMB, and noise components. We measure the spectral index of the filamentary dust component spectral energy distribution to be β = 1.54 ± 0.13. We find no evidence for decorrelation in this region between the filaments and the rest of the dust field or from the inclusion of dust associated with the intermediate velocity H i . Finally, we explore the morphological parameter space in the H i -based filamentary model.
In vivo evaluation of microparticles for polymyxin B oral administration (2006)

Calcium alginate/chitosan microparticles for polymyxin B (PMB) oral administration, FITC labelled and previously in vitro and ex vivo characterised, were assayed in vivo by animal model, male rats Wistar, in accordance with the European Community regulations. PMB (125 mg/kg) in both water solutions and microsystem water suspensions as well as a corresponding water volume (2 ml) were administered by oral gavage to three groups of fed animals. Six animals for each group were sacrificed after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Urine, blood and intestine samples were collected, whereas other organs were morphologically observed. PMB levels were determined on serum obtained from blood and on Peyer’s patches from intestine by a microbiological agar well diffusion method using E. coli as indicator strain. Moreover, Peyer’s patches were examined by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Fluorescent microparticles were found inside Peyer’s patches from all animals dosed with the microsystem, unlike controls. PMB was significantly detected in serum samples of all the animals dosed with the microsystem and in urine samples at 72 h after dosing. The microparticles resulted suitable to be taken up by Peyer’s patches and to be translocated to the systemic circulation via the limphatics.
Full analysis of chaotic microwave oscillator for use in frequency modulated chaos shift keying communication system (2002)

A full analysis of a chaotic microwave oscillator based on envelope transient analysis is presented for the first time. The technique overcomes problems encountered by time domain and harmonic balance methods to simulate such kinds of circuits. A bifurcation diagram of the oscillator is obtained. The ability of the chaotic oscillator to transmit and receive binary data is shown, as is the sensitivity of the bit error rate to variations of the parameters. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 12, 469–474, 2002. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mmce.10039
Clinical evaluation of nitroimidazoles as modifiers of hypoxia in solid tumors. (1994)

Hypoxic modification by nitroimidazoles has been explored in a large number of clinical studies. Nine different drugs (misonidazole, metronidazole, benznidazole, desmethylmisonidazole, etanidazole, pimonidazole, nimorazole, ornidazole, and RSU 1069) have reached clinical evaluation. Phase I and II trials have demonstrated a relationship between drug tolerance and expected hypoxic modification. Thus, the most tolerable drugs, viz., 5-nitroimidazoles, are those with the smallest preclinical activity. However, they may be the most clinically active, due to higher plasma and tumor concentrations. The clinical evaluation of hypoxic modification is difficult, since clinically important hypoxia can be observed only indirectly. There is, however, indirect evidence of substantial hypoxia in human tumors, although with considerable heterogeneity among individual tumors. More than 7000 patients have been included in 50 randomized trials. A meta-analysis showed that modification of tumor hypoxia significantly improved the loco-regional tumor control after radiotherapy with an odds ratio of 1.17 (95% confidence limits 1.06 to 1.28). The treatment benefit could mostly be related to an improved response in head and neck with odds ratio 1.23 (95% confidence limits 1.09 to 1.37), and to a lesser extent in bladder tumors; no significant effect was observed in other tumor sites (cervix, lung, central nervous system, and esophagus). Similarly to the local control benefit, the overall survival rate was improved with an overall odds ratio of 1.13 (95% confidence limits 1.03 to 1.23). The clinical trials showed no evidence of significant chemosensitization or direct bioreductive effect. Although 50 randomized clinical trials were evaluated, the median number of patients was only 97 (range 17-620). Clinical trials of this size are not likely to detect the observed differences, which may explain the lack of significant improvement in most of the individual studies. However, the overall results indicate that the biological issue related to hypoxia appears to be a sound rationale, especially with regard to head and neck and bladder carcinoma. Future studies related to the hypoxic problem should therefore preferably be aimed towards such tumors.
Design and Analysis of Efficient Maximum/Minimum Circuits for Stochastic\n Computing (2018)

In stochastic computing (SC), a real-valued number is represented by a\nstochastic bit stream, encoding its value in the probability of obtaining a\none. This leads to a significantly lower hardware effort for various functions\nand provides a higher tolerance to errors (e.g., bit flips) compared to binary\nradix representation. The implementation of a stochastic max/min function is\nimportant for many areas where SC has been successfully applied, such as image\nprocessing or machine learning (e.g., max pooling in neural networks). In this\nwork, we propose a novel shift-register-based architecture for a stochastic\nmax/min function. We show that the proposed circuit has a significantly higher\naccuracy than state-of-the-art architectures at comparable hardware cost.\nMoreover, we analytically proof the correctness of the proposed circuit and\nprovide a new error analysis, based on the individual bits of the stochastic\nstreams. Interestingly, the analysis reveals that for a certain practical bit\nstream length a finite optimal shift register length exists and it allows to\ndetermine the optimal length.\n
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 1,2-Disubstituted Naphth[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-diones and Related Compounds (1996)

As part of our continuing search for potential anticancer drug candidates that are selective against slowly growing solid tumors, we have synthesized several series of 1- and 2-substituted derivatives of the lead structure, 1-ethyl-2-methylnaphth[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione (5). Their cytotoxic activity in the National Cancer Institute's in vitro cancer cell line panel is reported. In general, substitution of various alkyl, phenyl, or benzyl moieties did not improve activity, and compound 5 remains the most active naphth[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione derivative. However, high levels of activity and selectivity were found with several related 2-(acylamino)-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinones (2f-j). Compound 2i, 2-[(2-fluorophenyl)acetamido]-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, has been selected for further in vivo testing and as an additional lead compound for further structural modification.
Analysis of nonlinear memory effects on the linearity of a SiC MESFET (2002)

With experimental characterizations based on a pulsed I-V and pulsed S-parameters measurement set-up, we investigate the trapping and thermal behavior of SiC MESFETs. It is shown that electrical performances are strongly affected by substrate traps and by temperature. We demonstrate the capability of a transistor model that takes into account these effects to simulate power amplifiers. In the case of complex modulations used in third generation wireless telephony, we compute the consequences of memory effects on the ALCR linearity criterion.
Fabrication of Various Ordered Films of Oxotitanium(IV) Phthalocyanine by Vacuum Deposition and Their Spectroscopic Behavior (2001)

Different types of ordered solid films of oxotitanium(IV) phthalocyanine (OTiPc) were grown in 50−500 nm thickness by vacuum deposition onto such conventional substrates as metal- and ITO-coated glass and neat glass at a rate of ∼0.05 nm s-1. Under 10-3−10-4 Pa isotropic films with short-range molecular organization and preferential molecular orientation were grown on the substrates kept at ∼25 °C but ordered α (phase II) or β (phase I) crystal films on the substrates heated at 150 °C. The deposition onto surface-oxidized Al, Ti, and Cu/glass, ITO/glass, and neat glass at ∼25 or 150 °C selectively gave ordered isotropic or α-crystal films which have preferential molecular alignments with “standing” orientations of the molecular plane with respect to the substrate surface. On the other hand, another type of ordered isotropic or β-crystal films with preferential “lying” molecular orientations was formed by the deposition onto Au, Ag, and unoxidized Cu on glass at ∼25 or 150 °C. In the case of 150 °C-heated Pt/glass, the α-crystal film with “standing” molecular orientations was grown under 10-3−10-4 Pa, but another type of α-crystal film with “lying” orientations under 2.7 × 10-5 Pa. Scanning electron microscopic observations of the ordered crystalline films indicated that single-crystal-like domains are grown from the bottom to the top of the film and are densely packed to give monolithic morphologies with little grain boundary. Visible−near-IR absorption and fluorescence spectra of the ordered solid films were recorded, showing unique dependences on the molecular alignments involving anisotropic behavior in the polarized absorption spectra of the α-crystal films with different molecular alignments.
High-throughput mapping of regulatory DNA (2016)

Quantifying the effects of cis-regulatory DNA on gene expression is a major challenge. Here, we present the multiplexed editing regulatory assay (MERA), a high-throughput CRISPR-Cas9–based approach that analyzes the functional impact of the regulatory genome in its native context. MERA tiles thousands of mutations across ~40 kb of cis-regulatory genomic space and uses knock-in green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporters to read out gene activity. Using this approach, we obtain quantitative information on the contribution of cis-regulatory regions to gene expression. We identify proximal and distal regulatory elements necessary for expression of four embryonic stem cell–specific genes. We show a consistent contribution of neighboring gene promoters to gene expression and identify unmarked regulatory elements (UREs) that control gene expression but do not have typical enhancer epigenetic or chromatin features. We compare thousands of functional and nonfunctional genotypes at a genomic location and identify the base pair–resolution functional motifs of regulatory elements.
K-Means Clustering-Based Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis for Multimodal Emotion Recognition in Human–Robot Interaction (2022)

In this article, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> -meansclustering-based Kernel canonical correlation analysis algorithm is proposed for multimodal emotion recognition in human–robot interaction (HRI). The multimodal features (gray pixels; time and frequency domain) extracted from facial expression and speech are fused based on Kernel canonical correlation analysis. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> -means clustering is used to select features from multiple modalities and reduce dimensionality. The proposed approach can improve the heterogenicity among different modalities and make multiple modalities complementary to promote multimodal emotion recognition. Experiments on two datasets, namely SAVEE and eNTERFACE‘05, are conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method produces good recognition rates that are higher than the ones produced by the methods without <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> -means clustering; more specifically, they are 2.77% higher in SAVEE and 4.7% higher in eNTERFACE‘05.
Epigenetic priming restores the HLA class-I antigen processing machinery expression in Merkel cell carcinoma (2017)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive, yet highly immunogenic skin cancer. The latter is due to its viral or UV-associated carcinogenesis. For tumor progression MCC has to escape the host's immuno-surveillance, e.g. by loss of HLA class-I expression. Indeed, a reduced HLA class-I expression was observed in MCC tumor tissues and MCC cell lines. This reduced HLA class-I surface expression is caused by an impaired expression of key components of the antigen processing machinery (APM), including LMP2 and LMP7 as well as TAP1 and TAP2. Notably, experimental provisions of HLA class-I binding peptides restored HLA class-I surface expression on MCC cells. Silencing of the HLA class-I APM is due to histone deacetylation as inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) not only induced acetylation of histones in the respective promoter regions but also re-expression of APM components. Thus, HDAC inhibition restored HLA class-I surface expression in vitro and in a mouse xenotransplantation model. In contrast to re-induction of HLA class-I by interferons, HDAC inhibitors did not interfere with the expression of immuno-dominant viral proteins. In summary, restoration of HLA class-I expression on MCC cells by epigenetic priming is an attractive approach to enhance therapies boosting adaptive immune responses.
Local textual inference (2005)

This paper argues that local textual inferences come in three well-defined varieties (entailments, conventional implicatures/presuppositions, and conversational implicatures) and one less clearly defined one, generally available world knowledge. Based on this taxonomy, it discusses some of the examples in the PASCAL text suite and shows that these examples do not fall into any of them. It proposes to enlarge the test suite with examples that are more directly related to the inference patterns discussed.
Chemical Structure of and Immune Response to Polysaccharides of Streptococcus Pneumoniae (1981)

By use of rabbit antisera, extensive cross-reactions were demonstrated among pneumococcal (Danish) types 6A and 6B, types 9N, 9A, 9L, and 9V, and types 19F and 19A. The structural similarity of the group 6 polysaccharides was associated with extensive immunogenicity in humans. In contrast, immunization of humans with type 19F or 19A may not induce sufficient cross-protection. The type 19F polysaccharide has the structure of a linear polymer of N-acetylmannosamine-glucose-rhamnose phosphate. Danish type 19A (type 57 in the United States system) polysaccharide contains this repeating unit and, in addition, has side chains of N-acetylglucosamine-galactose phosphate and fucose phosphate. Maternal immunization with type 19F or type 6A polysaccharide during pregnancy elicited high antibody formation in the offspring. Young mice, which received an additional dose of polysaccharide at two weeks of age, showed a higher antibody response than did those that did not receive polysaccharide. These studies reveal that the extensive cross-immunogenicity of pneumococcal group polysaccharides has a basis in chemical structure. Maternal immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharides may enhance the immune response of neonates.
Cpx Two-Component Signal Transduction in Escherichia coli : Excessive CpxR-P Levels Underlie CpxA* Phenotypes (2000)

In Escherichia coli, the CpxA-CpxR two-component signal transduction system and the sigma(E) and sigma(32) response pathways jointly regulate gene expression in adaptation to adverse conditions. These include envelope protein distress, heat shock, oxidative stress, high pH, and entry into stationary phase. Certain mutant versions of the CpxA sensor protein (CpxA* proteins) exhibit an elevated ratio of kinase to phosphatase activity on CpxR, the cognate response regulator. As a result, CpxA* strains display numerous phenotypes, many of which cannot be easily related to currently known functions of the CpxA-CpxR pathway. It is unclear whether CpxA* phenotypes are caused solely by hyperphosphorylation of CpxR. We here report that all of the tested CpxA* phenotypes depend on elevated levels of CpxR-P and not on cross-signalling of CpxA* to noncognate response regulators.
Airway area by acoustic reflections measured at the mouth (1980)

We tested the hypothesis that features of upper airway and tracheal geometry can be inferred from acoustic reflection data recorded at the mouth. In six subjects we computed inferences of airway cross-sectional area vs. distance and compared them with measurements obtained from orthogonal radiographic projections of the trachea. The acoustic data show local area maxima at the uvula and hypopharynx and local minima at the oropharynx and the glottis. With subjects breathing air the inferred tracheal areas markedly exceeded the radiographic measurements. With subjects breathing 80% He-20% O2 there was good intrasubject agreement between acoustic and radiographic data in spite of large intersubject variability. The average coefficient of variation of tracheal area determinations for five trials in all subjects was 0.16. These studies suggest that features of airway geometry between the mouth and carina can be determined accurately and noninvasively in individual subjects from high-frequency reflection data measured at the mouth.
Hierarchical Design and Optimization of Silicon Photonics (2019)

Silicon photonics is a rapidly maturing platform for optical communication and sensing. As systems leveraging silicon photonics have grown in size and complexity, so too has the demand for high performance silicon photonics components. In order to meet these demands, we propose a hierarchical approach to design and optimization of silicon photonics components. Our approach applies simple physical analysis to choose an effective starting geometry for a two-step gradient-based shape optimization. This optimization employs carefully chosen geometrical constraints in order to consistently produce robust, high performance devices which satisfy practical fabrication constraints of deep UV lithography. In order to demonstrate the versatility of method, we optimize a 3 dB coupler which achieves better than 0.04 dB excess loss over the O-band, a four port 3-dB coupler which achieves better than 0.41 dB excess loss and near 50:50 splitting over the O-band, and a fabrication-tolerant waveguide crossing which achieves better than 0.075dB insertion loss over the O-band even when subject to ±10% silicon thickness variations. These results pave the way for high efficiency silicon photonic component libraries.
Finding dependencies between frequencies with the kernel cross-spectral density (2011)

Cross-spectral density (CSD), is widely used to find linear dependency between two real or complex valued time series. We define a non-linear extension of this measure by mapping the time series into two Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces. The dependency is quantified by the Hilbert Schmidt norm of a cross-spectral density operator between these two spaces. We prove that, by choosing a characteristic kernel for the mapping, this quantity detects any pairwise dependency between the time series. Then we provide a fast estimator for the Hilbert-Schmidt norm based on the Fast Fourier Trans form. We demonstrate the interest of this approach to quantify non-linear dependencies between frequency bands of simulated signals and intra-cortical neural recordings.