gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A WORLDWIDE POLYMORPHISM IN ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: EVIDENCE FOR SELECTION MEDIATED BY DIETARY ETHANOL (2007)

Clinally varying traits in Drosophila melanogaster provide good opportunities for elucidating the genetic basis of adaptation. Resistance to ethanol, a natural component of D. melanogaster's breeding sites, increases with latitude on multiple continents, indicating that the trait is under selection. Although the well-studied Alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) polymorphism makes a contribution to the clines, it accounts for only a small proportion of the phenotypic variation. We describe an amino acid replacement polymorphism in Aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh), the gene encoding the second enzyme in the ethanol degradation pathway, that shows hallmarks of also contributing to the clines. The derived Aldh allele, like the Adh-Fast allele, increases in frequency in laboratory populations selected for ethanol resistance, and increases in frequency with latitude in wild populations. Moreover, strains with the derived allele have significantly higher ALDH enzyme activity with acetaldehyde (the breakdown product of ethanol) as a substrate than strains with the ancestral allele. As is the case with the Adh-Fast allele, chromosomes with the derived Aldh allele show markedly reduced molecular variation in the vicinity of the replacement polymorphism compared to those with the ancestral allele, suggesting a single, relatively recent origin. Nonetheless, the Aldh polymorphism differs from the Adh polymorphism in that the ethanol-associated allele remains in relatively low frequency in most populations. We present evidence that this is likely to be the result of a trade-off in catalytic activity, with the advantage of the derived allele in acetaldehyde detoxification being offset by a disadvantage in detoxification of other aldehydes.
A robust ℓ1 penalized DOA estimator (2012)

The SPS-LASSO has recently been introduced as a solution to the problem of regularization parameter selection in the complex-valued LASSO problem. Still, the dependence on the grid size and the polynomial time of performing convex optimization technique in each iteration, in addition to the deficiencies in the low noise regime, confines its performance for Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation. This work presents methods to apply LASSO without grid size limitation and with less complexity. As we show by simulations, the proposed methods loose a negligible performance compared to the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator, which needs a combinatorial search We also show by simulations that compared to practical implementations of ML, the proposed techniques are less sensitive to the source power difference.
Successful Targeting and Disruption of an Integrated Reporter Lentivirus Using the Engineered Homing Endonuclease Y2 I-AniI (2011)

Current antiviral therapy does not cure HIV-infected individuals because the virus establishes lifelong latent infection within long-lived memory T cells as integrated HIV proviral DNA. Here, we report a new therapeutic approach that aims to cure cells of latent HIV infection by rendering latent virus incapable of replication and pathogenesis via targeted cellular mutagenesis of essential viral genes. This is achieved by using a homing endonuclease to introduce DNA double-stranded breaks (dsb) within the integrated proviral DNA, which is followed by triggering of the cellular DNA damage response and error-prone repair. To evaluate this concept, we developed an in vitro culture model of viral latency, consisting of an integrated lentiviral vector with an easily evaluated reporter system to detect targeted mutagenesis events. Using this system, we demonstrate that homing endonucleases can efficiently and selectively target an integrated reporter lentivirus within the cellular genome, leading to mutation in the proviral DNA and loss of reporter gene expression. This new technology offers the possibility of selectively disabling integrated HIV provirus within latently infected cells.
Unsupervised Environmental Sound Classification Based On Topological Persistence (2019)

Environmental sound classification (ESC) is a significant problem in signal processing and machine learning. In this paper, a novel unsupervised learning approach is proposed using topological data analysis. Each sound signal is transformed into a point cloud by time-delay embedding. The persistence diagrams are obtained after computing the persistent homology of Vietoris-Rips filtrations. The sound signals are assigned to different classes using kmeans algorithm based on the bottleneck distance matrix of persistence diagrams.
Sociology of life as a concept to study social reality (2000)

Sociology of life as a concept to study social reality begins with an analysis of reasons for absence of sociological schools in contemporary Russia. At the same time it is stated that a process in underway to build various conceptions with their theoretical and methodological principles reflecting specifics of Russian realities. Author, after having reviewed a number of widely accepted notions of sociological sciences suggests his vision of the subject of sociology as motive powers of really functioning consciousness and behavior of individuals within specific socio-economic and sociopolitical conditions. This concept is termed by the author as sociology of life.
Cardiovascular Implications of Estrogen Replacement Therapy (1990)

Estrogen appears to protect against the development of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in women, by a number of mechanisms. The protective effect is believed to be mediated principally by beneficial changes in cholesterol levels. Estrogen decreases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels by mechanisms that include the possible induction of LDL receptors and the destruction of hepatic lipase, which degrades HDL cholesterol. However, estrogen also appears to have a direct beneficial effect on vessel-wall physiology. One of these effects may be an increase in local prostacyclin production. The type of estrogen used in hormone replacement therapy and the route of administration determine the positive and negative effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. In general, synthetic estrogens, because they are manyfold more potent than natural estrogens, should not be used. Most studies show a 50% or greater reduction in cardiovascular disease and related mortality with postmenopausal estrogen administration. There is no evidence that postmenopausal estrogen replacement adversely affects carbohydrate metabolism, blood pressure, or coagulation. By use of a mathematical model to study the overall effects of estrogen therapy, it can be shown that more lives can be saved from the reduction in cardiovascular disease with estrogen use than from the reduction in death from osteoporosis or any other disease state affected by estrogen. Serious consideration has to be given to the cardiovascular effects of added progestogen, which may attenuate or eliminate the beneficial effects of estrogen on HDL2 cholesterol. If used in low doses and only in those women with an intact uterus, progestogens may not exert this negative effect on cardiovascular function.
Screening of Klebsiella pneumoniae Mutation for the Production of 1,3-Propanediol (2006)

Based on ion ray, ultraviolet light and LiCl mutation methods, and the theory of acid-producing circle and product tolerance capability, an effective and efficient agar plate screening technique was established, in order to increase the conversion ability of glycerol into 1,3- propanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The agar plate contained acid reagent bromocresol purple and high-concentration 1,3-propanediol, in order to observe color change and product tolerance level. Two positive high-production mutant strains were selected, they not only can endure and produce high-concentration 1,3-propanediol, but also produced fewer ethanol. Compared to original strain, the 1,3-propanediol production capability of these two mutants Klebsiella pneumoniae LM 03 and Klebsiella pneumoniae LM 05 was increased by 33% and 30% , respectively, increased to 66.74 g / L and 65.12 g / L;. and the final ethanol concentration was decreased by 38% and 24%, respectively, decreased to 6.59 g / L and 8.05 g / L The activities of glycerol dehydrogenase (GDHt ) and 1,3-PD oxidoreductase (PDOR) were also studied, and it was found that the activity of GDHt was enhanced, but the mutation had little influence on the activity of PDOR. The results demonstrated that the effective and efficient agar plate screening technique would be useful in the industrial biological production of 1,3-propanediol, and it also could be used for reference regarding other industrial microorganisms' mutation and screening.
Structure and Stability of Ni Clusters: A Tight-Binding Molecular-Dynamics Study (1995)

The tight-binding molecular-dynamics scheme incorporating d-electrons is used to obtain a first systematic set of results for Nin clusters in the range 10 < n ⩽ 55 by full geometry optimization. The relative stability of f.c.c. structures is compared with the two kinds of icosahedral structures, open and full. Our results show the f.c.c. structure to be more stable than the former, but less stable than the latter in this range. The general trends for Nin clusters of this size are well described by our results. The method appears to provide a promising semi-empirical method for studying interactions in both covalent and metallic systems.
Bloqueo Peridural. Caso de la CONAMED (2011)

La paciente refirio que debido a hernia de pared abdominal, se efectuo plastia y que de manera previa solicito al anestesiologo que no aplicara bloqueo peridural, por antecedente de sindrome Guillain Barre, informandole que en sus cesareas la anestesia fue general; sin embargo, el medico hizo caso omiso de ello y realizo puncion, presentando en el postoperatorio hipersensibilidad y dolor desde la cadera hasta el pie izquierdo que afecto sus actividades.
ChemInform Abstract: Eight‐Membered Ring Templates for Stereoselective Radical Cyclizations. (1989)

Abstract The 3‐iodopropylcyclooctadienes (II), prepared from the cyclooctadienone (I) by conventional methods, are subjected to radical‐induced cyclization, forming the trans‐ or cis‐fused cyclooctenones (III) and (IV) as the main products.
DLA Class II Alleles Are Associated with Risk for Canine Symmetrical Lupoid Onychodystropy (SLO) (2010)

Symmetrical lupoid onychodystrophy (SLO) is an immune-mediated disease in dogs affecting the claws with a suggested autoimmune aethiology. Sequence-based genotyping of the polymorphic exon 2 from DLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 class II loci were performed in a total of 98 SLO Gordon setter cases and 98 healthy controls. A risk haplotype (DRB1*01801/DQA1*00101/DQB1*00802) was present in 53% of cases and 34% of controls and conferred an elevated risk of developing SLO with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.1. When dogs homozygous for the risk haplotype were compared to all dogs not carrying the haplotype the OR was 5.4. However, a stronger protective haplotype (DRB1*02001/DQA1*00401/DQB1*01303, OR = 0.03, 1/OR = 33) was present in 16.8% of controls, but only in a single case (0.5%). The effect of the protective haplotype was clearly stronger than the risk haplotype, since 11.2% of the controls were heterozygous for the risk and protective haplotypes, whereas this combination was absent from cases. When the dogs with the protective haplotype were excluded, an OR of 2.5 was obtained when dogs homozygous for the risk haplotype were compared to those heterozygous for the risk haplotype, suggesting a co-dominant effect of the risk haplotype. In smaller sample sizes of the bearded collie and giant schnauzer breeds we found the same or similar haplotypes, sharing the same DQA1 allele, over-represented among the cases suggesting that the risk is associated primarily with DLA-DQ. We obtained conclusive results that DLA class II is significantly associated with risk of developing SLO in Gordon setters, thus supporting that SLO is an immune-mediated disease. Further studies of SLO in dogs may provide important insight into immune privilege of the nail apparatus and also knowledge about a number of inflammatory disorders of the nail apparatus like lichen planus, psoriasis, alopecia areata and onycholysis.
Evaluation of Seroreactivity to Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Virus-like Particles in an Incident Case-Control Study of Cervical Neoplasia (1995)

An ELISA to detect serum IgG antibody response to human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 virus-like particles (VLPs) was evaluated in a case-control study of cervical neoplasia, nested within a prospective cohort study. Subjects included 688 controls with continued normal cytology and 152 cases with confirmed incident squamous intraepithelial lesions who were tested for DNA for a broad spectrum of HPV types at cohort and follow-up of controls, 16.6% were seropositive compared with 30.8% and 52.4% of cases with low- and high-grade lesions, respectively. Of HPV-16 DNA-negative subjects, 16.5% were seropositive. Seropositivity increased from 22.2% in subjects who were HPV-16 DNA-positive by polymerase chain reaction once only (enrollment or follow-up) to 83.3% in those who were HPV-16 DNA-positive at both time points. These data imply that serum antibody to HPV-16 VLPs is a relatively sensitive indicator of persisting cervical HPV-16 infection.
Studies on anti-Fusarium disease activity of aminonitrile derivatives. III. Preventive activity of N-allylamino acids against Fusarium diseases and their mode of action. (1980)

Thirty-two N-allylamino acids were prepared, and their preventive activity against Fusarium diseases was determined. Esters of N-allyl-glycine and -sarcosine showed a strong effect in preventing yellows of the Japanese radish caused by Fusarium oxysporuwn f. sp. raphani. These compounds were also effective against Fusarium wilt of tomato by foliage treatment. The preventive activity of N-allylsarcosinates varied insignificantly with the variation of the alcohol moiety of the esters. Although n-dodecyl N-allylsarcosinate was shown to effectively control Fusarium diseases, it did not affect the growth of Fusarium on an agar medium. The preventive effect was dependent on the application time. Enhancement of the peroxidase activity and the accumulation of total phenols were seen in the plants treated with these chemicals.
Part 1 (2012)

Sodium concentrations of rabbit lumbar discs were reliably measured using our newly developed dual-tuned multichannel proton/sodium RF coil at 3T.
Congenital myasthenic syndromes: an update (2013)

The last 20 years has seen significant advances in our understanding and treatment of the congenital myasthenic syndromes. This article discusses individual syndromes, their management and how to distinguish the subtypes from each other as well as from other conditions that commonly mimic them.

### What are congenital myasthenic syndromes?

Congenital myasthenic syndromes result from gene mutations affecting the neuromuscular junction structure and function. Unlike autoimmune myasthenia gravis, the immune system is not involved and there is no association with antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or muscle specific kinase. Although all congenital myasthenic syndromes share the feature of fatiguable muscle weakness, they are discrete syndromes each with their own, often distinct, phenotype. Significant advances in the last 20 years, mainly in molecular genetics, have enabled identification of at least 15 genes implicated in congenital myasthenic syndromes (table 1). About 80%–90% of patients with congenital myasthenia in the UK now have a confirmed genetic diagnosis. Thus, there are likely to be many unidentified associated genes.

View this table:

Table 1 
Congenital myasthenic syndromes subtypes, associated genes and main pathology



The delineation of these different genetic syndromes has enabled the development of a range of effective symptomatic treatments. The choice of treatment is governed by the underlying pathogenic mechanism. Importantly, the treatments routinely used for some subtypes can cause significant deterioration in others. In addition, a range of conditions can mimic congenital myasthenic syndromes and these too require different therapy. Therefore, a definitive genetic diagnosis is important and guides treatment, prognosis and genetic counselling.

Most patients with congenital myasthenia present with symptoms at birth or early infancy, although in some subtypes, particularly those predominantly affecting proximal muscles such as downstream of kinase-7 (DOK7), onset is typically in childhood with walking difficulties. Patients with the slow channel syndrome may have symptom onset well into their second or third decades. While many patients are now identified …
Automatic Measurement of Drilling Fluid and Drill Cuttings Properties (2008)

Abstract In order to remotely control the drilling process it is necessary to measure several drilling fluid parameters automatically. This will increase objectivity of the measurements as well as make it possible to immediately react to changes. The current paper describes in detail the design for an integrated tool combination and the results of a full size yard test of such a combined set of tools for measuring drilling fluid parameters and formation properties automatically. Some of the automated tools have been tested on rig site operations. Results from these individual tests are also presented. The automatic drilling fluid analysis includes viscosity, fluid loss, electric stability measurements and chemical properties like pH. Full viscosity curves for the drilling fluid are measured using configurations and shear rates similar to those suggested by API procedures. Since gel formation curves and fluid loss properties require some sort of controlled static periods, these measurements are made semi-continuous. However, they are automatic and are measured as frequently as possible. An automatic system is included to measure the particle size distribution, concentration and morphology. Knowledge of these parameters is necessary, especially when drilling in depleted reservoirs where particles are added for increasing the wellbore strength. The produced cuttings volume is measured. An automatic system is adapted that determines, with accuracy comparable to that of visual analysis, whether the particles separated at the shaker screens are drill cuttings or cavings produced by an unstable formation. The mineralogy of the cuttings is analysed automatically using Raman spectroscopy, making it possible to evaluate continuously the different formations being drilled.
Probabilistic parse scoring with prosodic information (1993)

Prosodic patterns provide important cues for resolving syntactic ambiguity, and can be used to improve the accuracy of automatic speech understanding. With this goal, the authors propose a method of scoring syntactic parses in terms of observed prosodic cues, which can be used in ranking sentence hypotheses and associated parses. Specifically, the score is the probability of a hypothesized word sequence and associated syntactic parse given acoustic features, based on acoustic and language (prosody/syntax) models that represent probabilities in terms of abstract prosodic labels. Experimental results on a corpus of ambiguous sentence pairs indicate that the algorithm achieve ambiguity resolution performance close to that of human listeners.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Resistance to the Small Molecule Maturation Inhibitor 3- O -(3′,3′-Dimethylsuccinyl)-Betulinic Acid Is Conferred by a Variety of Single Amino Acid Substitutions at the CA-SP1 Cleavage Site in Gag (2006)

The compound 3-O-(3',3'-dimethylsuccinyl)-betulinic acid (DSB) potently and specifically inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication by delaying the cleavage of the CA-SP1 junction in Gag, leading to impaired maturation of the viral core. In this study, we investigated HIV-1 resistance to DSB by analyzing HIV-1 mutants encoding a variety of individual amino acid substitutions in the CA-SP1 cleavage site. Three of the substitutions were lethal to HIV-1 replication owing to a deleterious effect on particle assembly. The remaining mutants exhibited a range of replication efficiencies; however, each mutant was capable of replicating in the presence of concentrations of DSB that effectively inhibited wild-type HIV-1. Mutations conferring resistance to DSB also led to impaired binding of the compound to immature HIV-1 virions and loss of DSB-mediated inhibition of cleavage of Gag. Surprisingly, two of the DSB-resistant mutants retained an intermediate ability to bind the compound, suggesting that binding of DSB to immature HIV-1 particles may not be sufficient for antiviral activity. Overall, our results indicate that Gag amino acids L363 and A364 are critical for inhibition of HIV-1 replication by DSB and suggest that these residues form key contacts with the drug in the context of the assembling HIV-1 particle. These results have implications for the design of and screening for novel inhibitors of HIV-1 maturation.
Assessment of HER-2 Status in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2005)

HER-2 is a transmembrane growth factor receptor recognized in overexpression as an independent adverse prognostic factor in several cancers. This study measured HER-2 overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma at the genetic, transcriptional, and translational level. Expression was gauged with regard to stage, grade, and survival. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma samples (n = 30) were analyzed with immunohistochemical labeling for HER-2 protein, Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) measurement of HER-2 mRNA and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of HER-2 gene expression. HER-2 expression in benign pancreatic lesions (n = 10) provided a control. Five (17%) of the pancreatic adenocarcinomas scored maximal 3+ immunohistochemistry (IHC) labeling, seven (23%) had significantly increased expression of HER-2 mRNA, while only one (3%) exhibited low level HER-2 gene amplification. Ten (33%) tumors demonstrated aneuploidy. In general, concordance between methodologies was poor, but the best agreement was seen between FISH aneuploidy status and Q-RT-PCR mRNA overexpression (80% agreement), followed by IHC and Q-RT-PCR (73% agreement). The least agreement was seen between IHC and FISH aneuploidy status (67% agreement). Tumor stage was positively associated with HER-2 mRNA and protein expression, but tumor grade and other patient characteristics did not reach statistical significance. A poor survival outcome was demonstrated with positive HER-2 status in all three measures of overexpression (Kaplan-Meier log-rank score; P < 0.01 [IHC], P = 0.05 [Q-RT-PCR], P = 0.02 [FISH]). Discordance in expression at the nuclear, cytoplasmic, and cell surface levels highlights the limitations of immunohistochemical evaluation alone and stresses the need for further evaluation of response to anti-HER-2 targeted therapies in tumors displaying overexpression in gene copy, mRNA, and receptor protein.