gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Process for Titanium Sand by Magnetic Separation and Gravity Concentration (2012)

With the continuous depletion of high-grade titanium ores and the increasing demand for titanium dioxide, the low-grade titanium sand has become an important source for the production of ilmenite concentrate; however, the large-scale utilization of the sand is disappointedly scarce, due to its leanness in valuable minerals and insufficient methods available to handle such low-grade sands. A typically low-grade titanium sand was first ground and then processed by low-intensity magnetic separation (LMS) and high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) to recover titanomagnetite and ilmenite, respectively; as the TiO2 grade of the sand is low, the primary treatment of the sand by magnetic separations is effective, with 78.45% by mass weight of the sand discarded as tailings. The primary titanomagnetite concentrate was further ground and liberated to obtain a high-grade titanomagnetite concentrate through LMS reconcentration; the primary ilmenite concentrate was separated with spirals to remove the sterile limonite and magnetic gangues, and its concentrate was ground and liberated to achieve a high-grade ilmenite concentrate through HGMS refining. This novel process achieved an effective processing of the sand and obtained a high-grade ilmenite concentrate assaying 46.30% TiO2 with a high recovery of 57.88%, and a by-product of titanomagnetite concentrate assaying as high as 54.17% Fe.
Discrepancy in sustained efficacy and resistance emergence under human-simulated exposure of cefiderocol against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia between in vitro chemostat and in vivo murine infection models (2021)

The discrepancy in the sustained efficacy and resistance emergence between in vivo and in vitro models appears to be due to the resistance acquisition mechanism caused by mutation in the tonB-exbB-exbD region developing in the enriched media utilized in vitro. These studies reveal the in vivo bactericidal activity and the low potential for development of resistance among Stenotrophomonas evaluated under human-simulated exposures.
Effects of aluminum silicon copper sputtering target processing methods on thin film uniformity and process control during very large scale integrated device fabrication (1993)

The relationship between AlSiCu target manufacturing technique and sputtered-deposited film quality was examined with an emphasis on film uniformity and process control. Targets with the following attributes were evaluated: standard grain size (0.5 mm)—random orientation, standard grain size (1.4 mm prior to orientation)— 〈110〉 orientation, small grain size (0.15 mm)—random orientation, and small grain size (0.2 mm prior to orientation)— 〈110〉 orientation. A Varian 3290 sputtering system and Al 0.8%Si 0.5%Cu (weight percent) targets was used to deposit thin films under standard production conditions. Deposition uniformity, thin film microstructure and analytical results are reported. Beneficial synergism was noted when the combination of small grain size and grain orientation was produced in the target manufacturing process. These targets displayed significantly better sputtered film thickness uniformity, more consistent target erosion through target life and increased target lifetime. A mechanism for these enhancements, uniform target erosion, is discussed. Other critical properties of films deposited from the four target types were found to be equivalent for device production.
General role of HLA class I molecules in the protection of target cells from lysis by natural killer cells: evidence that the free heavy chains of class I molecules are not sufficient to mediate the protective effect (1995)

Some HLA-C alleles have been shown to exert a specific protective effect preventing target cells from lysis by groups of natural killer (NK) clones displaying a defined specificity. In this study, we analyzed whether class I-mediated protection is a more general phenomenon involving all NK cells. First, we utilized two anti-class I mAbs (6A4 of IgG1 isotype and A6-136 of IgM isotype), which had been shown to induce lysis of protected target cells by group 1 and group 2 NK clones. Addition of A6-136 or 6A4 used as F(ab')2 mAb resulted in lysis of protected target cells by all NK clones analyzed. Target cells were represented by a panel of HLA homozygous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell lines (B-EBV) while NK clones were representative of clones displaying different GL183/EB6 surface phenotypes and/or different abilities to lyse allogeneic cells. Unselected NK clones derived from seven different individuals were tested against autologous target cells represented by phytohemagglutinin-induced blasts or B-EBV transformed cell lines. In both instances, addition of a mixture of 6A4 F(ab')2 and A6-136 mAbs resulted in lysis of autologous target cells, thus suggesting that class I molecules prevent lysis of normal cells by self NK cells. We further investigated whether the class I-mediated protection requires the complexed form of class I molecules (composed of alpha chain, beta 2-microglobulin and the antigen peptide) or rather the free alpha chain. Acidic treatment of the C1R (Cw4+) target cells or 81.22 (Cw3+, Cw4+) at pH 2.2 resulted in loss of reactivity with 6A4, A6-136 and W6-32 mAb (known to react with the assembled form of class I molecules) and in the de novo reactivity with L31 mAb (specific for the HLA-C free chain). While the untreated Cw+ C1R cells were resistant to lysis by the Cw4-specific group 1 NK clones, the pH 2.2-treated cells became highly susceptible to lysis by the same clones. These data indicate that, at least for the NK clones analyzed, the protection of target cells requires class I molecules in the complexed form.
Studies on induced Klebsiella mastitis with relationships among N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, bacterial and somatic cell counts. (1987)

Mastitis was induced by infusion of 3,000-7,000 colony-forming units of Klebsiella pneumoniae into the left rear quarter of four primiparous Holstein-Freisians. Greater than 100 organisms were recovered from a quarter milk sample within 2 hr and in 87.5% of the hourly cultures taken after 8 hr. Bacteria, California Mastitis Tests, somatic cell counts and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase levels differed significantly from that of control quarters in infused cows after hr 6, 8, 9 and 9 respectively. High correlations were obtained between somatic cell count and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (r = .97) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and natural log bacterial count (r. = .88). N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was related to natural log bacterial counts of samples taken 1, 2, 3, and 4 hr prior to the test (rN-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and natural log bacterial count (r = .91, .92, .93, and .95).
Supplementary Table S1 from EWS-FLI1 and Menin Converge to Regulate ATF4 Activity in Ewing Sarcoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Primer Sequences&lt;/p&gt;
Viewpoint selection - a classifier independent learning approach (2002)

This paper deals with an aspect of active object recognition for improving the classification and localization results by choosing optimal next views at an object. The knowledge of "good" next views at an object is learned automatically and unsupervised from the results of the used classifier. For that purpose methods of reinforcement learning are used in combination with numerical optimization. The major advantages of the presented approach are its classifier-independence and that the approach does not require a priori assumptions about the objects. The presented results for synthetically generated images show that our approach is well suited for choosing optimal views at objects.
Metallurgical bond integrity of C45 ultra fine pitch with 18&#x03BC;m copper wire (2011)

Nowadays, increasing of gold price and decreasing of dielectric let copper and low-k dielectric materials become a new technology and are increasingly chosen as preferred interconnect insulated material in semiconductor applications. In this paper, a C45 ultra low k wafer technology with bond-over-active bond pads, on a thermally enhanced BGA package with 31×31mm large body size is selected to study. Aluminum wire type, bonding capillary, and wire bonding parameters, were selected as critical factors in this study. Both were used for bonding parameters optimization. Critical responses such as ball size, ball height / bonded ball diameter ratio, wire pull strength, ball shear strength, and wire peel strength were studied to understand the wire bonding effect of C45 ultra low k and 40μm pad pitch. Analysis between copper and gold wire were performed for comparison purpose at different thermal aging read point. The thermal aging read point were studied at 175°C for 168, 504 and 1008 hours while at temperature of 225°C for 4.5, 13.5, 26, 52 and 97 hours respectively. This is used to study the IMC thickness of Cu-Al. To investigate the effects of IMC formation on the copper wire on Al pad, wire pull, wire peel and ball shear test has to be construct.
Three-dimensional movement analysis in digital subtraction angiography: symbol generation from 3-D optical flow (2002)

A knowledge-based system to achieve three-dimensional (3-D) optical flow symbolic classification is proposed. Symbols are matched to verbal labels that describe branch motion through an image sequence. A novel numeric to symbolic image transformation is presented, which provides data for the movement interpretation stage. The system is capable of describing and analyzing some dynamic aspects of 3-D artery motion in space over time, such as rotation and translation of some vessels subsets, labeling of expansion and contraction cycles, and classification of homogeneous movements. A test on a 3-D sequence of reconstructed arteries centerlines is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Carbon Nanotube Amplification Strategies for Highly Sensitive Immunodetection of Cancer Biomarkers (2006)

We describe herein the combination of electrochemical immunosensors using single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) forest platforms with multi-label secondary antibody-nanotube bioconjugates for highly sensitive detection of a cancer biomarker in serum and tissue lysates. Greatly amplified sensitivity was attained by using bioconjugates featuring horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labels and secondary antibodies (Ab(2)) linked to carbon nanotubes (CNT) at high HRP/Ab(2) ratio. This approach provided a detection limit of 4 pg mL(-)(1) (100 amol mL(-)(1)), for prostate specific antigen (PSA) in 10 microL of undiluted calf serum, a mass detection limit of 40 fg. Accurate detection of PSA in human serum samples was demonstrated by comparison to standard ELISA assays. PSA was quantitatively measured in prostate tissue samples for which PSA could not be differentiated by the gold standard immunohistochemical staining method. These easily fabricated SWNT immunosensors show excellent promise for clinical screening of cancer biomarkers and point-of-care diagnostics.
Phosphine-Iminopyridines as Platforms for Catalytic Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenes (2015)

A series of phosphine-diimine ligands were synthesized by the condensation of 2-(diphenylphosphino)aniline (PNH2) with a variety of formyl and ketopyridines. Condensation of PNH2 with acetyl- and benzoylpyridine yielded the Ph2P(C6H4)N═C(R)(C5H4N), respectively abbreviated PN(Me)py and PN(Ph)py. With ferrous halides, PN(Ph)py gave the complexes FeX2(PN(Ph)py) (X = Cl, Br). Condensation of pyridine carboxaldehyde and its 6-methyl derivatives with PNH2 was achieved using a ferrous template, affording low-spin complexes [Fe(PN(H)py(R))2](2+) (R = H, Me). Dicarbonyls Fe(PN(R)py)(CO)2 were produced by treating PN(Me)py with Fe(benzylideneacetone)(CO)3 and reduction of FeX2(PN(Ph)py) with NaBEt3H under a CO atmosphere. Cyclic voltammetric studies show that the [FeL3(CO)2](0/-) and [FeL3(CO)2](+/0) couples are similar for a range of tridentate ligands, but the PN(Ph)py system uniquely sustains two one-electron reductions. Treatment of Fe(PN(Ph)py)X2 with NaBEt3H gave active catalysts for the hydroboration of 1-octene with pinacolborane. Similarly, these catalysts proved active for the addition of diphenylsilane, but not HSiMe(OSiMe3)2, to 1-octene and vinylsilanes. Evidence is presented that catalysis occurs via iron hydride complexes of intact PN(Ph)py.
High‐level data races (2003)

Abstract Data races are a common problem in concurrent and multi‐threaded programming. Experience shows that the classical notion of a data race is not powerful enough to capture certain types of inconsistencies occurring in practice. This paper investigates data races on a higher abstraction layer. This enables detection of inconsistent uses of shared variables, even if no classical race condition occurs. For example, a data structure representing a coordinate pair may have to be treated atomically. By lifting the meaning of a data race to a higher level, such problems can now be covered. The paper defines the concepts ‘view’ and ‘view consistency’ to give a notation for this novel kind of property. It describes what kinds of errors can be detected with this new definition, and where its limitations are. It also gives a formal guideline for using data structures in a multi‐threaded environment. © US Government copyright
GPIb VNTR C/C genotype may predict embolic events in infective endocarditis. (2013)

The results of these exploratory studies suggest that the GPIb VNTR C/C genotype may predict the development of septic emboli in patients with IE. This hypothesis should be analyzed in larger studies and, if confirmed, would represent an important clinical finding, as it implies that early surgery in patients with the GPIb VNTR C/C genotype could reduce morbidity and mortality in IE.
Asymmetric Intramolecular Allylic Amination: Straightforward Approach to Chiral C1‐Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
State-of-the-art on clustering data streams (2016)

Clustering is a key data mining task. This is the problem of partitioning a set of observations into clusters such that the intra-cluster observations are similar and the inter-cluster observations are dissimilar. The traditional set-up where a static dataset is available in its entirety for random access is not applicable as we do not have the entire dataset at the launch of the learning, the data continue to arrive at a rapid rate, we can not access the data randomly, and we can make only one or at most a small number of passes on the data in order to generate the clustering results. These types of data are referred to as data streams. The data stream clustering problem requires a process capable of partitioning observations continuously while taking into account restrictions of memory and time. In the literature of data stream clustering methods, a large number of algorithms use a two-phase scheme which consists of an online component that processes data stream points and produces summary statistics, and an offline component that uses the summary data to generate the clusters. An alternative class is capable of generating the final clusters without the need of an offline phase. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the data stream clustering methods and an overview of the most well-known streaming platforms which implement clustering.
On physical carrier sensing in wireless ad hoc networks (2005)

The aggregate throughput of a wireless ad hoc network depends on the channel capacity, channel utilization (i.e., the fraction of channel capacity used for generating good put), and the concurrent transmissions allowed in the network. While channel utilization is determined by MAC overhead, physical carrier sense has been used as an effective way to avoid interference and exploit spatial reuse. Prior research has attempted to identify the optimal carrier sense range that can maximize the aggregate throughput. However, the impact of MAC overhead has been ignored. In this paper, we use both an analytical model and simulation results to show that MAC overhead has significant impact on the choice of optimal carrier sense range. If MAC overhead is not taken into account properly in determining the optimal carrier sense range, the aggregate throughput can suffer a significant loss.
Das Doppelleben des Birnengitterrostes (2006)

Abstract Mit ihren Fäden können Pilze mühelos lebende Organismen besiedeln. Rostpilze, die Birnbäume als Wirtspflanze nutzen, legen dabei einen erstaunlichen Lebenskreislauf an den Tag – als Pflanzenparasit und Pilzparasit zugleich
Borylene Insertion into Cage B–H Bond: A Route to Electron-Precise B–B Single Bond (2018)

A new strategy to construct electron-precise B-B single bond via direct borylene insertion into B-H bond is described. Reduction of bromoborylene stabilized by carborane-fused silylenes with 2 equiv of sodium gives a new compound with a B-B single bond. Both experimental and density functional theory results suggest that such an electron-precise B-B single bond is formed via in situ generated borylene insertion into B-H bond.
Körperdysmorphe Symptome, soziale Anpassung und Motivation zu psychotherapeutischer Beratung bei ambulanten dermatologischen Patienten (2016)

Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die bisherigen Prävalenzraten bei KDS im ambulanten dermatologischen Setting und verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit psychotherapeutischer Beratungsangebote in der Dermatologie.
Novel hydrothermal processing (&gt;100°C) of ceramic-polymer composites for integral capacitor applications (2003)

Synthesis of high K thin films via low cost low temperature process remains a major challenge in realizing integral capacitors for SOP applications. The current study explores synthesis of Barium Titanate by Hydrothermal process. BaTiO/sub 3/ films using hydrothermal synthesis at temperatures less than 100/spl deg/C has been reported previously. However, these films are typically porous and hence give a very low dielectric constant and low yield. Precursor films are hence heat-treated and densified at temperatures higher than 300/spl deg/C to obtain a good yield and hence a high dielectric constant which makes these processes incompatible with organic based build-up processes. Hence the process was modified to infiltrate a polymer into these porous films to improve the yield, reliability and subsequent processing of these films. BaTiO/sub 3/ films were also synthesized on Titanium foils with the goal of integrating them with the standard PWB processes. Dielectric constant of 700 and specific capacitances more than 1000 nF/cm/sup 2/ have been achieved by this modified hydrothermal process. The microstructure of the film and the polymer infiltration can be optimized to synthesize reliable films with high dielectric constant and low loss tangent. Hence, the film morphology and thickness are being studied to optimize the processing conditions for reliable films.
Biochemical and genetic approaches to the study of mammalian mitochondrial tRNAs (1978)

The possible existence of mammalian mitochondrial asparaginyl-tRNA has been examined using a variety of approaches. [ 3 H]Asparagine was incorporated into protein by mitochondria of the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line Asn-7, which has a temperature-sensitive cytosolic asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, either in the presence of cycloheximide or at a nonpermissive temperature. Isolated mitochondria of CHO thymidine kinase minus (TK − ) cells also incorporated the amino acid into protein. In each case, the number and electrophoretic mobility of the proteins was the same as mitochondrially synthesized proteins of CHO TK − ceils labelled with [ 35 S]methionine. A tRNA Asn could be charged in isolated CHO TK cell mitochondria and the asparaginyl-tRNA was found to elute before its cytosolic counterpart on an RPC-5 column and to have a higher mobility on polyacryiamide slab gels run under denaturing conditions. This is the first demonstration of a unique mitochondrial asparaginyl-tRNA.
P1‐336: Novel BACE1 inhibitor, E2609, lowers Aβ levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in nonhuman primates (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of Aβ-containing plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The production of pathological Aβ peptides, Aβ1-42 in particular, is thought to be an initiating event in AD. BACE1 cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein is the first step in the production of Aβ and is therefore a prime target to block the pathogenic amyloid cascade leading to AD and potentially modify the disease progression. We have developed a potent small molecule, the orally bioavailable BACE1 inhibitor, E2609, (cell-based assay IC 50 ∼7 nmol/L) that has been shown to reduce Aβ production in the plasma, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rodents. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship of E2609 was examined in cisterna magna ported cynomolgus monkeys. Plasma and CSF were sampled serially over 72 hours post single oral administration of E2609 so that the temporal dynamics of Aβ in plasma and CSF could be evaluated in detail. Plasma pharmacokinetics of E2609 was linked to Aβ levels in plasma and CSF via pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics models which quantitatively estimated the in vivo pharmacodynamic potencies. A single oral administration of E2609 significantly reduced plasma Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels equally, with an estimated plasma IC 50(unbound) of 1.3 nmol/L, concordant with the potency of the cell-based assay (Figure). E2609 reached a rapid equilibrium between plasma and CSF with near identical t max, and had a moderate to high CNS penetration. A single oral administration of E2609 led to an equal reduction of both CSF Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels. At effective doses, a peak reduction of up to ∼90% was observed in CSF that was sustained for 24 hours or more. The pharmacodynamic parameters for CSF Aβ lowering (plasma IC 50,plasma IC 50(unbound)and k out) were estimated as 35.0 nmol/L, 9.7 nmol/L, and 0.148 hr -1 for Aβ1-40, and 33.2 nmol/L, 9.2 nmol/L, and 0.148 hr -1 for Aβ1-42, respectively.
Charge storage in a nitride-oxide-silicon medium by scanning capacitance microscopy (1991)

In this paper we describe a variant of the scanning capacitance microscope (SCaM) which is based on the atomic force microscope. Our SCaM involves a cantilever beam that is used to press a conducting tip against a conducting substrate coated with a dielectric film. A capacitance sensor is then used to measure the tip-sample capacitance as a function of lateral position. The deflection of the cantilever can also be used to measure independently the surface topography. This microscope can be used to measure electrical properties of dielectric films and their underlying substrates. We have applied this microscope to the study of the nitride-oxide-silicon (NOS) system. This system has been studied extensively because of its ability to store information by trapping charge in the silicon nitride. Commercial semiconductor nonvolatile memories have been designed using this NOS technology. We have used the SCaM tip to apply a localized bias to the NOS sample, causing charge to tunnel through the oxide layer and to be trapped in the nitride film. This trapped charge induces a depletion region in the silicon substrate, which can be detected by the resulting depletion capacitance between the tip and sample. The stored charge can be interpreted as a digital memory. Bit sizes as small as 750 Å full width at half maximum have been stored using this technique. The stored charge has been observed to be stable over a period of seven days. The stored charge can be removed by applying a reverse bias to the region, and the bit can be subsequently rewritten. By simultaneously measuring capacitance and topography images, we have demonstrated that the stored information is not the result of any topographic change to the surface. Simulations of the potential distributions resulting from this trapped charge have been performed and are compared with the experiments. Finally, a discussion is presented on the ultimate density and speed limits of such a storage technology.