gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NIR and IR spectroscopy with MCT linear arrays (2007)

This paper will discuss recent results obtained when applying a photoconductive linear MCT array in a demonstration spectrometer designed for the NIR wavelength range from 1300 to 2500 nm. A new 128x1 element MCT sensor was developed specifically for spectroscopy, i.e. with "tall", rectangular pixels in order to optimize both wavelength resolution and optical throughput. Also new read-out electronics was developed using multilayer LTCC (Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramics) techniques, which is integrated into the package and realizes synchronous ("lock in") detection for each of the 128 channels. Advantages of this current-detection scheme include compatibility with chopped light sources (insensitivity to ambient stray light) and elimination of read-out noise (affecting charge-detection amplifiers). The first test results reported here confirm spectrometer operation and present encouraging performance, even though the system is not yet optimized. The spectrometer is very fast, with minimum integration time of 1.2 ms, while photometric noise will reduce with longer integration times. There is no fundamental limit in the maximal length of the integration time. Testing with integration times of 1.2, 12, 120 and 1200 ms resulted in absorbance noise levels of approximately 2500, 330, 94 and 49 &mu;A units. Demonstration spectra were measured from lactose and copying paper samples. Thanks to high speed and parallel spectral recording of 128 wavelengths, MCT array technology appears highly potential for developing powerful on-line spectrometers for process analytical applications not only in the near infrared (NIR) but also for the lower mid-IR wavelengths, up to approximately 6 &mu;m.
Chimie supramoléculaire assistée par ordinateur (2002)

La chimie supramoleculaire traite d’edifices chimiques complexes constitues d’un nombre defini de molecules assemblees par des liaisons non covalentes. Elle est de nature fortement interdisciplinaire, jetant des ponts entre la chimie, la physique et la biologie, englobant des domaines aussi differents que la chimie de coordination, la chimie-physique des interactions moleculaires, la synthese organique, la reconnaissance des substrats biologiques, la science des materiaux. La portee des concepts de la chimie supramoleculaire a attire de nombreux chercheurs, comme en temoigne le nombre de congres, de revues et d’ouvrages dedies. Malgre les prodigieux developpements de ce nouveau domaine durant les trois dernieres decennies, ses concepts et applications ne penetrent que tres lentement dans le cursus universitaire de nos etudiants chimistes, comme l'indique l'absence d'ouvrage specialement concu pour eux. Ici, nous proposons une approche basee sur l'outil informatique qui s'appuie sur l'ouvrage de reference de J.-M. Lehn et, sur le plan theorique, sur les etudes de nombreux systemes supramoleculaires realisees au laboratoire de « Modelisation et simulations moleculaires ». A l’universite Louis-Pasteur de Strasbourg et en collaboration avec l’universite de Novosibirsk, nous developpons un logiciel interactif sur la chimie supramoleculaire, intitule SC-WEB. Il est oriente a des fins d'enseignement, et peut etre utilise dans des cours de chimie organique et inorganique, de chimie-physique et de biochimie. SC-WEB peut etre utilise aussi a des fins d'autoapprentissage, d'entrainement et d'evaluation. La version de prototype presentee ici contient principalement les structures d'edifices supramoleculaires typiques, qui peuvent etre visualisees et analysees de maniere interactive. Son contenu est evolutif et facile a mettre a jour, permettant d’adapter l’enseignement au niveau des etudiants, en tenant compte des dernieres evolutions du domaine. Le lecteur pourra consulter avantageusement l’ouvrage de reference de J.-M. Lehn [1] ainsi que les references [2] et [3]. Il est a noter qu’un certain nombre de cours utilisant des supports informatiques sont aussi apparus, concernant la cristallographie [4], l’etude structurale et la modelisation des proteines [5]. Une presentation video de la chimie supramoleculaire a aussi ete decrite [6].
To Study the High Temperature Effects on Ball Bonds Using Low K Material in Wire Bond Devices (2007)

Wire bonding is widely used as one of the main interconnect alternatives. This technique applies significant mechanical stresses on the bond pads along with heat and ultrasonic energy to form a bond. An interconnection of copper plus low k material has been a focus of the semiconductor industry with the goal of reducing interconnection delays. The material is below the wire bond pads and complicates the mechanical stability of the device during wire bonding. The low k materials that are suggested are very sensitive to these mechanical stresses. This generates a significant reliability concern for the underlying metal structures. In addition, the integrity of the bond formed may be negatively impacted from a reliability perspective because of the softer material properties of the dielectric. This research explores the ball bond integrity for die with SiO2 and low k dielectric underlying material respectively, using 0.8 mil thick (20 microns) gold wire. Accelerated tests, such as high temperature storage at 150°C and 175°C, were conducted to assess the reliability of these bonds. The results of this investigation reveal that the ball bond’s strength degrades after high temperature tests due to the occurrence of Kirkendall voids between the gold wire and the aluminum bond pad. The degradation recorded was more severe for regular die than its low k counterpart.
Line Matching in Wide-Baseline Stereo: A Top-Down Approach (2014)

This paper introduces a new algorithm for matching lines across images that exploit the epipolar geometry and the coplanarity constraints between pairs of lines. In contrast to common treatment in matching of interest points, we use the epipolar geometry to constrain coplanarity conditions between line-pairs. This treatment eliminates the potential matching problems due to the incomplete line observations with nonmatching endpoints. This observation is used to detect a set of candidate line-pair correspondences. These matching pairs are then verified via local homography transforms derived from the neighboring interest point correspondences. This step results in a line affinity matrix which is processed to obtain matching lines. During this process, we do not use appearance models and show that the proposed treatment performs better than the state-ofthe- art appearance and geometry based methods especially for images with wide-baseline.
Advanced Transport Phenomena (2007)

Advanced Transport Phenomena is ideal as a graduate textbook. It contains a detailed discussion of modern analytic methods for the solution of fluid mechanics and heat and mass transfer problems, focusing on approximations based on scaling and asymptotic methods, beginning with the derivation of basic equations and boundary conditions and concluding with linear stability theory. Also covered are unidirectional flows, lubrication and thin-film theory, creeping flows, boundary layer theory, and convective heat and mass transport at high and low Reynolds numbers. The emphasis is on basic physics, scaling and nondimensionalization, and approximations that can be used to obtain solutions that are due either to geometric simplifications, or large or small values of dimensionless parameters. The author emphasizes setting up problems and extracting as much information as possible short of obtaining detailed solutions of differential equations. The book also focuses on the solutions of representative problems. This reflects the book's goal of teaching readers to think about the solution of transport problems.
Overview of Rural Intersection Crashes at Candidate Intersections for the Intersection Decision Support (IDS) System (2008)

The Intersection Decision Support (IDS) research project is sponsored by a consortium of states (Minnesota,&#13;\nCalifornia, and Virginia) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), whose objective is to improve&#13;\nintersection safety. The Minnesota team’s focus is to develop a better understanding of the causes of crashes at&#13;\nrural unsignalized intersections and then develop a technology solution to address the cause(s).&#13;\nIn the original study, a review of Minnesota’s rural crash records and of past research identified poor driver gap&#13;\nselection as a major contributing cause of rural intersection crashes. Consequently, the design of the rural IDS&#13;\ntechnology has focused on enhancing the driver's ability to successfully negotiate rural intersections by&#13;\ncommunicating information about the available gaps in the traffic stream to the driver.&#13;\nIn order to develop an IDS technology that has the potential to be nationally deployed, the regional differences at&#13;\nrural intersections must first be understood. Only then can a universal solution be designed and evaluated. To&#13;\nachieve this goal of national consensus and deployment, the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota&#13;\nDepartment of Transportation initiated a State Pooled Fund study, in which nine states cooperated in intersectioncrash&#13;\nresearch. This report provides an overview of the crash analysis phase of the pooled fund study for all&#13;\nparticipating states. This includes patterns identified in severity, driver, and type of error as well as&#13;\ncountermeasures previously tried by states.
Nanocarbon Composites and Hybrids in Sustainability: A Review (2012)

There is an ever-growing need to protect our environment by increasing energy efficiency and developing "clean" energy sources. These are global challenges, and their resolution is vital to our energy security. Although many conventional materials, such as metals, ceramics, and plastics, cannot fulfil all requirements for these new technologies, many material combinations can offer synergistic effects that create improved and even new properties. The implementation of nanocarbons, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, into nanocomposites and, more recently, into the new class of hybrids, are very promising examples. In contrast to classical nanocomposites, where a low volume fraction of the carbon component is mixed into a polymer or ceramic matrix, hybrids are materials in which nanocarbon is coated with a thin layer of the functional compound, which introduces the interface as a powerful new parameter. Based on interfacial charge and energy transfer processes, nanocarbon hybrids have shown increased sensitivities in gas sensors, improved efficiencies in photovoltaics, superior activities in photocatalysts, and enhanced capacities in supercapacitors. This review compares the characteristics and potentials of both nanocarbon composites and hybrids, highlights recent developments in their synthesis and discusses key challenges for their use in various energy applications.
S3-11 SESSION 3: FACIOCRANIOSYNOSTOSIS – PART I COMPARISON OF LE FORT II DISTRACTION WITH ZYGOMATIC REPOSITIONING VERSUS LE FORT III DISTRACTION: IS THERE A DIFFERENCE IN SAFETY AND OUTCOME? (2019)

Introduction: Le Fort II distraction osteogenesis with zygomatic repositioning (LF2ZR) has been shown to normalize facial ratios in select syndromes with central midface hypoplasia. As a more complex procedure with additional lines of osteotomy and fixation, there may be increased risk of complications. Our purpose was to compare surgical outcomes of LF2ZR compared to one-piece Le Fort III distraction (LF3). Methods: Demographic, intraoperative, cephalometric, and postoperative data were compared amongst all patients undergoing LF2ZR or LF3 over a 15 year period. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney uand Chi-square tests. Multivariate generalized linear modeling was utilized to determine significant predictors of blood loss, operative time, and postoperative complications. Results: 19 patients underwent LF2ZR and 39 patients underwent LF3. 68% of LF2ZR patients had Apert Syndrome and 49% of LF3 patients had Crouzon Syndrome (p=0.006). More LF2ZR procedures were secondary midface procedures (26%) compared to LF3 (5%). Both operative time (506 vs. 357 min) and estimated blood loss (EBL 1586 vs. 969 mL) were higher in the LF2ZR group compared to LF3. 54% of LF2ZR patients had a normal sella-nasion-A (SNA) angle after distraction, compared to 33% of the LF3 patients. Anterior movement was similar between groups (10.5 vs. 13.6mm), however vertical movements were larger in the LF2ZR group (-3.5mm vs. 0mm). Orbitale movement was similar between groups (7.1 vs. 7.4mm). Minor complication rates (16% vs. 7%), and early returns to the operating room (26% and 25%), were similar. The most common reason for return was distraction device adjustment. Only LF3 patients had a need for bony recontouring of the orbit due to step-offs (8%), and only LF2ZR patients had premature consolidation (10%). Apert syndrome and secondary subcranial surgery were significant predictors of increased blood loss. The only significant predictor of increased operative time was performing concurrent procedures. Conclusion: While transfusion and operative times are greater for LF2ZR, when controlling for patient diagnosis and concomitant procedures, there are no significant differences in these between procedures. LF2ZR appears to have a similar safety profile to LF3, but provides improved orbito-maxillary correction.
Fingernail, as an Alternative Source of DNA for Forensic Investigations and Medical Diagnostics A new technique to obtain template DNA in critical situations (1996)

The use of PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is having a profound impact on forensic science and medical diagnostics. Limited amounts of biological material and/or degraded low molecular weight DNA can be anticipated for forensic identification and often also for diagnostic investigations in fetuses, stillbirths and children with birth defects. In vitro amplification of DNA, via PCR, represents an important tool for overcoming some of the limitations. Nevertheless, the problem of availability of biological samples as DNA source is often critic. In order to obtain a useful and rapid procedure of DNA analysis in such difficult situations, we have recently developed a simple DNA extraction method using Chelex 100 and a PCR based amplification technique, and using fingernail as an alternative source of DNA. Chelex 100 procedures result in denaturated DNA samples, not suitable for RFLPS analysis. Nevertheless we demonstrated that no differences are detectable between the genotypes obtained by PCR amplification using the conventional phenol-chlorophorm or saline extraction and the Chelex based procedure. A DNA sample of 3-5 micrograms weight was easily obtained from fingernail clippings, and enabled us to perform several tests by using DNA typing methodologies, both for personal identification (in various forensic, medical and social situations) and in disputed parentage. Our laboratory uses as polymorphic markers a set of several VNTRs (variable number of tandem repeats) and, more recently, a series of unlinked STRs (short tandem repeats). The use of DNA typing with STR loci provides an accurate, highly sensitive and rapid assay for parentage testing, forensic identification and medical applications.
Kinetically controlled separation of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) using micelle-solubilized extractant in membrane processes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetically controlled separation of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) using micelle-solubilized extractant in membrane processesMoutaoukel Ismael and Christian TondreCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 4, 1039–1041Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00040a003https://doi.org/10.1021/la00040a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design Considerations in Implant-Related Randomized Trials (2007)

Implant-related research is particularly prone to produce biased results. Despite a common commitment to evidence-based principles (EBM) principles in current literature, a gap remains between the existing available evidence and its actual implementation in orthopaedic clinical practice. Knowledge of basic principles of implant related trial design is a prerequisite for critical appraisal of the value of scientific evidence and thereby the degree of uncertainty. This article discusses how the quality of implant-related randomized controlled trials (RCT) can be affected by the level of expertise, the choice of outcome measures, the allocation procedure, and the method of blinding. Taking these issues into consideration in the design of an implant-related study improves the value of the study, thereby achieving an unbiased assessment of the safety and efficacy of an innovative implant prior to its widespread implementation in daily health care.
Fast myocardial T1ρ mapping in mice using k-space weighted image contrast and a Bloch simulation-optimized radial sampling pattern (2021)

This new and fast T<sub>1ρ</sub> quantification technique enables high-resolution myocardial T<sub>1ρ</sub> mapping and even dispersion quantification within the limited time of an in vivo study and could, therefore, be a reliable tool for improved tissue characterization.
Rapid Micromethod for Alkaline Nitrobenzene Oxidation of Lignin and Determination of Aldehydes (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid Micromethod for Alkaline Nitrobenzene Oxidation of Lignin and Determination of AldehydesJ. E. Stone and M. J. BlundellCite this: Anal. Chem. 1951, 23, 5, 771–774Publication Date (Print):May 15, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 May 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60053a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60053a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views450Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of pore structure on Ni catalyst for CO2 reforming of CH4 (2010)

Ni–CaO–ZrO2 catalysts with different pore structures were prepared and tested for CO2 reforming of methane. It was found that the catalyst with a mesoporous framework showed both high activity and stability. In particular, no deactivation was observed at a period of run on stream. The characterization confirmed that the “confine effect” of the mesoporous structure prevented Ni particles from sintering during reaction, and as a result, the catalyst with such a mesoporous framework showed a better catalytic performance and resistance to coking.
A simple algorithm for finding frequent elements in streams and bags (2003)

We present a simple, exact algorithm for identifying in a multiset the items with frequency more than a threshold θ. The algorithm requires two passes, linear time, and space 1/θ. The first pass is an on-line algorithm, generalizing a well-known algorithm for finding a majority element, for identifying a set of at most 1/θ items that includes, possibly among others, all items with frequency greater than θ.
Therapeutic Applications of Angiography (1980)

THERAPEUTIC angiography is the field of radiology that employs methods that were formerly used for diagnosis but have been improved or modified to serve as therapeutic measures. For example, the angiographic catheter used to confirm the diagnosis of a suspected liver or kidney lesion may also become the vehicle for selective delivery of vasoactive drugs, chemotherapeutic agents, or embolizing materials, or it may be modified to become a double-lumen balloon catheter for dilatation in a patient with symptomatic arterial narrowing. Angiographic procedures and their applications may be divided into the following groups: procedures used to reduce regional blood flow, procedures . . .
Wearable and flexible thermoelectric generator with enhanced package (2013)

Present work shows recent progresses in thin film-based flexible and wearable thermoelectric generator (TEG), finalized to support energy scavenging and local storage for low consumption electronics in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) applications and buildings integration. The proposed TEG is able to recover energy from heat dispersed into the environment converting a thermal gradient to an effective electrical energy available to power ultra-low consumption devices. A low cost fabrication process based on planar thin-film technology was optimized to scale down the TEG dimensions to micrometer range. The prototype integrates 2778 thermocouples of sputtered Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> and Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> thin films (1 &mu;m thick) on an area of 25 cm<sup>2</sup>. The electrical properties of thermoelectric materials were investigated by Van der Pauw measurements. Transfer Length Method (TLM) analysis was performed on three different multi-layer contact schemes in order to select the best solution to use for the definition of the contact pads realized on each section of the thermoelectric array configuration to allow electrical testing of single production areas. Kapton polyimide film was used as flexible substrate in order to add comfortable lightweight and better wearability to the device. The realized TEG is able to autonomously recover the thermal gradient useful to thermoelectric generation thanks to an appropriate package designed and optimized by a thermal analysis based on finite element method (FEM). The proposed package solution consists in coupling the module realized onto Kapton foil to a PDMS layer opportunely molded to thermally insulate TEG cold junctions and enhance the thermal gradient useful for the energy scavenging. Simulations results were compared to experimental tests performed by a thermal infrared camera, in order to evaluate the real performance of the designed package. First tests conducted on the realized TEG indicate that the prototype is able to recover about 5&deg;C between hot and cold thermocouples junctions with a thermal difference of 17&deg;C initially available between body skin and environment, generating about 2 V of open circuit output voltage.