gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Ethanolic Extraction of Enantia chloranta Bark, Phytochemical Composition, Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles, and Antimicrobial Activity (2022)

In this study, using the Box–Behnken model, we optimized the ethanolic extraction of phytochemicals from Enantia chloranta bark for the first time, assessed the composition with HPLC-MS/MS, performed the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and characterized them with UV-Vis spectrophotometry, photon cross-correlation spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antibacterial and antibiotic-resistance reversal properties of optimized extract (O-ECB) and AgNPs were assessed on various microorganisms (15 Gram−, 7 Gram+, and 2 fungi) using the well diffusion method and microbroth dilution assay. The mechanism of action was investigated on growth kinetic and proton pumps of Escherichia coli. The in vivo antimicrobial activity and toxicity were assessed on Galleria mellonella larvae. The optimal mass yield (14.3%) related to the highest antibacterial activity (31 mm vs. S. aureus ATCC 6538) was obtained with the following operating conditions: % EtOH—100%; ratio m/v—20 g/mL; and extraction time—6 h. All the compounds identified in O-ECB were alkaloids and the major constituents were palmatine (51.63%), columbamine +7,8-dihydro-8-hydroxypalmatine (19.21%), jatrorrhizine (11.02%), and pseudocolumbamine (6.33%). Among the minerals found in O-ECB (S, Si, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Br), Br, Fe, and Cl were the most abundant with mean fluorescence intensities of 4.6529, 3.485,4, and 2.5942 cps/uA, respectively. The synthesized AgNPs revealed a strong absorption plasmon band between 430 and 450 nm and an average hydrodynamic diameter ×50 of 59.74 nm, and the presence of Ag was confirmed by a characteristic peak in the spectrum at the silver Kα line of 22.105 keV. Both O-ECB and AgNPs displayed noteworthy and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against 20/24 and 24/24 studied microorganisms, respectively, with recorded minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 8 to ≥1024 µg/mL and 2 to 64 µg/mL. O-ECB and AgNPs showed antibiofilm properties and significantly enhanced the efficacy of conventional antibiotics against selected multidrug-resistant bacteria, and the mechanistic investigations revealed their interference with bacterial growth kinetic and the inhibition of H+-ATPase proton pumps. LD50s were 40 mg/mL and 0.6 mg/mL for O-ECB and AgNPs, respectively. In conclusion, the current study provides a strong experimental baseline to consider Enantia chlorantha bark and their green synthetized AgNPs as potent antimicrobial compounds in this era of antimicrobial resistance.
Analysis of the NICHD Vitamin D Pregnancy Cohort on a Per-Protocol vs. Intent-to-Treat Basis: The Effect of Adherence on Trial Results (2018)

Objective: To perform per-protocol analysis of data obtained from the NICHD vitamin D pregnancy study published by Hollis et al., which found via intent-to-treat analysis that 4000IU/day vitamin D supplementation is safe and effective in achieving sufficiency in women and neonates. This study hypothesizes that differential adherence as examined by per-protocol analysis will affect the magnitude of differences in maternal and neonatal vitamin D status between treatment groups.Study design: A double-blind, RCT of vitamin D supplementation (400, 2000 or 4000IU/day) in 350 Caucasian, African American and Hispanic women with singleton pregnancies was conducted. This study defines adherence as 75% and 85% of pills taken between visits and examines the effect of adherence on vitamin D status across treatment groups. The primary outcome, measured by radioimmunoassay, is maternal serum 25(OH)D throughout pregnancy, one month prior to delivery (PTD) and neonatal serum 25(OH)D at delivery.Results: No statistically significant difference in maternal 25(OH)D throughout pregnancy, 1-month PTD, or neonatal 25(OH)D were found between 75% adherent participants and nonadherent participants regardless of supplementation. At 85% adherence, maternal 25(OH)D throughout pregnancy, one month PTD, and neonatal 25(OH)D were significantly higher in the 4000IU group compared to nonadherent participants (p=0.0002, p=0.0074, p=0.0068, respectively). No significant differences were found with 400 or 2000IU supplementation regardless of adherence.Conclusions: Participants 85% adherent to protocol and receiving 4000IU vitamin D were the only group that demonstrated significantly higher vitamin D status for each outcome: maternal 25(OH)D throughout pregnancy, 1-month PTD and neonatal 25(OH)D. Compared to intent-to-treat, this powerful per-protocol analysis demonstrates the impact that nonadherence can have on study results and has implications for how clinical trial data are analyzed and presented.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Polyphenon E versus Placebo in Patients at High Risk of Recurrent Colonic Neoplasia (2021)

Polyphenon E (Poly E) is a green tea polyphenol preparation whose most active component is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). We studied the cancer preventive efficacy and safety of Poly E in subjects with rectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF), which represent putative precursors of colorectal cancers. Eligible subjects had prior colorectal advanced adenomas or cancers, and had ≥5 rectal ACF at a preregistration chromoendoscopy. Subjects (<i>N</i> = 39) were randomized to 6 months of oral Poly E (780 mg EGCG) daily or placebo. Baseline characteristics were similar by treatment arm (all P >0.41); 32 of 39 (82%) subjects completed 6 months of treatment. The primary endpoint was percent reduction in rectal ACF at chromoendoscopy comparing before and after treatment. Among 32 subjects (15 Poly E, 17 placebo), percent change in rectal ACF number (baseline vs. 6 months) did not differ significantly between study arms (3.7% difference of means; <i>P</i> = 0.28); total ACF burden was also similar (-2.3% difference of means; <i>P</i> = 0.83). Adenoma recurrence rates at 6 months were similar by arm (<i>P</i> > 0.35). Total drug received did not differ significantly by study arm; 31 (79%) subjects received ≥70% of prescribed Poly E. Poly E was well tolerated and adverse events (AE) did not differ significantly by arm. One subject on placebo had two grade 3 AEs; one subject had grade 2 hepatic transaminase elevations attributed to treatment. In conclusion, Poly E for 6 months did not significantly reduce rectal ACF number relative to placebo. Poly E was well tolerated and without significant toxicity at the dose studied. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: We report a chemoprevention trial of polyphenon E in subjects at high risk of colorectal cancer. The results show that polyphenon E was well tolerated, but did not significantly reduce the number of rectal aberrant crypt foci, a surrogate endpoint biomarker of colorectal cancer.
GLIMPSE communications satellite link availability model (2002)

Communications satellite link availability assessments have traditionally been based on a minimum terminal-satellite elevation angle. This approach is generally acceptable for transmission frequencies below approximately 10 GHz. At the higher SHF and EHF frequencies employed by recent and future systems, however, rain attenuation effects become significant. For these systems, link availability is strongly influenced by the rainfall characteristics of the areas in which the ground terminals are located. While models have been developed to estimate rain attenuation and link availability for specific locations, there has been no way to easily generate global or regional contours of availability for systems operating at these rain-sensitive frequencies. The GLIMPSE (Graphical Link Margin Plotting Software) computer model was developed by The Aerospace Corporation to address this void. GLIMPSE generates color-coded world or regional maps showing link availability contours for a specified satellite constellation, link margin, transmission frequency, and terminal antenna diameter. GLIMPSE can also solve the inverse problem of generating contours of link margin required to achieve a specified target link availability. GLIMPSE incorporates Crane's (1982) two-component model of rain attenuation as well as standard models of atmospheric attenuation (water vapor and oxygen) and low elevation fade effects. GLIMPSE has been used extensively in several military satellite communications (Milsatcom) programs. Although originally developed for use with geosynchronous Milsatcom systems, GLIMPSE can be applied to other satellite communications systems utilizing frequencies in the 1-100 GHz range and operating in any type of orbit.
Structure of the 21–30 fragment of amyloid β‐protein (2006)

Folding and self-assembly of the 42-residue amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 21-30 region of Abeta, Abeta(21-30), is resistant to proteolysis and is believed to nucleate the folding of full-length Abeta. The conformational space accessible to the Abeta(21-30) peptide is investigated by using replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent. Conformations belonging to the global free energy minimum (the "native" state) from simulation are in good agreement with reported NMR structures. These conformations possess a bend motif spanning the central residues V24-K28. This bend is stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds involving the side chain of residue D23 and the amide hydrogens of adjacent residues G25, S26, N27, and K28, as well as by a salt bridge formed between side chains of K28 and E22. The non-native states of this peptide are compact and retain a native-like bend topology. The persistence of structure in the denatured state may account for the resistance of this peptide to protease degradation and aggregation, even at elevated temperatures.
Digital post-distortion of radio receivers and analog-to-digital converters (2019)

To the authors&apos;best knowledge, the concept of post-distorted receivers appeared in the early 1990s [1,2]. Initially, post-distortion was thought as a solution for compensating intermodulation distortions resulting from the AM-AM and AM-PM non-linear behaviour of a mobile terminal power amplifier at the base-station receiver side. It was then considered as an alternative to pre-distortion that aimed to relax out-of-band emission specifications of portable transmitters while improving their power efficiency.
Spontaneously immortalized adult mouse Schwann cells secrete autocrine and paracrine growth‐promoting activities (1995)

We established spontaneously immortalized Schwann cell lines from long-term cultures of adult mouse dorsal root ganglia and peripheral nerves. One of the cell lines, designated IMS32, responded to mitogenic stimuli by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF, bFGF), and transforming growth factors (TGF)-beta 1 and -beta 2, as determined by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and double immunofluorescence for S100 and BrdU. Furthermore, conditioned media (CM) obtained from IMS32 cells showed mitogenic activity for both IMS32 cells and long-term cultured Schwann cells. Western blot analysis revealed TGF-beta-like molecule in the CM, and the activity was absorbed with anti-TGF-beta neutralizing antibody. Reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of IMS32 RNA revealed that these cells expressed TGF-beta 1, -beta 2, and -beta 3 transcripts. When rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells were incubated with the CM, they developed neurite growth. Coculture of PC12 and IMS32 cells also showed neurite growth of PC12 cells. RNA transcripts of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were detected from IMS32 cells by RT-PCR. In these, we sequenced the mouse GDNF cDNA coding region and observed 97% and 90% homologies to corresponding rat and human cDNA sequences, respectively. These results indicate that the immortalized Schwann cell line mitotically responds to various growth factors and secretes autocrine and paracrine growth-promoting activities in vitro.
Influence of substrate bias on the structure and properties of (Ti, Al)N films deposited by filtered cathodic vacuum arc (2001)

(Ti, Al)N films were deposited by an off-plane, double-bend, filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique in N2 atmosphere at room temperature. The (Ti, Al)N films deposited are atomically smooth. The influence of substrate negative bias at the wide range (0–1000 V) on the deposition rate, surface morphology, crystal structure, internal stress, and mechanical properties of (Ti, Al)N films were systematically studied. Increasing substrate bias results in the decrease of deposition rate and the increase of surface roughness monotonically. At the bias of 0 V, (Ti, Al)N films are amorphous, and the internal stress, hardness, and Young’s modulus for the deposited films are fairly low. With increasing substrate bias to 200 V, single-phase face-centered cubic-type nanocrystalline (Ti, Al)N films can be obtained, and the internal stress, hardness, and Young’s modulus increase to the maximum of 7 GPa, 28 GPa, and 240 GPa, respectively. Further increase of substrate bias results in the decrease of intensity and the broadening of x-ray diffraction lines, and the gradual decrease of internal stress, hardness, and Young’s modulus in (Ti, Al)N films.
Achieving and Maintaining Polio Eradication — New Strategies (2014)

Given substantial progress against polio in Nigeria and the small number of polio cases identified elsewhere in Africa in recent months, it is now possible that the continent will be free of polio by the end of the year, though a few challenges remain.
Hyaluronan in inflammatory joint disease (1995)

Hyaluronan (HYA) (Laurent et al. 1992) is a linear extracellular polysaccharide found in all tissues and body fluids but in highest concentrations in loose connective tissue. It is present in synovial fluid, where it is responsible for the unique rheological properties, in cartilage, where it forms the backbone of the proteoglycan aggregates and in the synovial tissue and joint capsule. HYA is also present in muscular tissues between the muscle bundles.
Dynamics of β-Catenin Interactions with APC Protein Regulate Epithelial Tubulogenesis (1997)

Epithelial tubulogenesis involves complex cell rearrangements that require control of both cell adhesion and migration, but the molecular mechanisms regulating these processes during tubule development are not well understood. Interactions of the cytoplasmic protein, beta-catenin, with several molecular partners have been shown to be important for cell signaling and cell-cell adhesion. To examine if beta-catenin has a role in tubulogenesis, we tested the effect of expressing NH2-terminal deleted beta-catenins in an MDCK epithelial cell model for tubulogenesis. After one day of treatment, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/ SF)-stimulated MDCK cysts initiated tubulogenesis by forming many long cell extensions. Expression of NH2-terminal deleted beta-catenins inhibited formation of these cell extensions. Both DeltaN90 beta-catenin, which binds to alpha-catenin, and DeltaN131 beta-catenin, which does not bind to alpha-catenin, inhibited formation of cell extensions and tubule development, indicating that a function of beta-catenin distinct from its role in cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion is important for tubulogenesis. In cell extensions from parental cysts, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein was localized in linear arrays and in punctate clusters at the tips of extensions. Inhibition of cell extension formation correlated with the colocalization and accumulation of NH2-terminal deleted beta-catenin in APC protein clusters and the absence of linear arrays of APC protein. Continued HGF/ SF treatment of parental cell MDCK cysts resulted in cell proliferation and reorganization of cell extensions into multicellular tubules. Similar HGF/SF treatment of cysts derived from cells expressing NH2-terminal deleted beta-catenins resulted in cells that proliferated but formed cell aggregates (polyps) within the cyst rather than tubules. Our results demonstrate an unexpected role for beta-catenin in cell migration and indicate that dynamic beta-catenin-APC protein interactions are critical for regulating cell migration during epithelial tubulogenesis.
A No-Reference Objective Image Sharpness Metric Based on the Notion of Just Noticeable Blur (JNB) (2009)

This work presents a perceptual-based no-reference objective image sharpness/blurriness metric by integrating the concept of just noticeable blur into a probability summation model. Unlike existing objective no-reference image sharpness/blurriness metrics, the proposed metric is able to predict the relative amount of blurriness in images with different content. Results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed perceptual-based sharpness metric. These results show that the proposed sharpness metric correlates well with the perceived sharpness being able to predict with high accuracy the relative amount of blurriness in images with different content.
Composition Effects in Polymer Blends Spin-Cast on Patterned Substrates (2005)

Blends of poly(2-vinylpyridine), polystyrene, and poly(methyl methacrylate) of four different compositions (2:3:0, 3:2:0, 1:1:0, and 2:2:1 w:w:w) were spin-cast onto periodically (λ = 4 μm) patterned substrate (with two alternating stripes: Au attracting PVP and neutral self-assembled monolayer), and resulting film morphologies (with inherent domain scale 0.2 λ ≤ R < 1.8 λ) were recorded with scanning force microscopy and examined with Fourier transform analysis and the integral geometry approach. The morphologies depend on not only spatial (R/λ) but also compositional commensuration between blends and symmetric pattern: λ/2-substructures are present, in addition to λ-structures, for isolated (2:3:0) but not for continuous (3:2:0) PVP domains. This explains also the data for 1:1:0 blends which present a transition from isolated to continuous PVP domains (for larger R values). In turn, interfacial compatibilizer (PMMA in 2:2:1) results in the well-ordered λ/2-substructures for both morphology types.
Estimation of maximum power for sequential circuits considering spurious transitions (1997)

With the high demand for reliability and performance, accurate estimation of maximum instantaneous power dissipation in CMOS circuits is essential to determine the IR drop on supply lines and to optimize the power and ground routing. Unfortunately, the problem of determining the input patterns to induce maximum current, and hence, the maximum power, is NP-complete. Even for circuits with small number of primary inputs (PIs), it is CPU time intensive to conduct efficiently search in the input vector space. The authors present an automatic test generation (ATG) based technique to efficiently generate tight lower bounds of the maximum instananeous power for CMOS sequential circuits under non-zero gate delays. Power dissipation due to spurious transitions has been considered by incorporating static timing analysis into the estimation process. Experiments were performed on ISCAS and MCNC benchmarks. Results show that the ATG-based technique is superior to the traditional simulation-based technique in both speed and performance. On average, for sequential circuits having over 10,000 gates (ISCAS-89 benchmarks), the ATG-based approach executes 981 times faster, and generates a lower bound which is 1.8 times better compared to simulation based approaches.
Recognition of human activity using Internet of Things in a non-controlled environment (2016)

Recognition of human activity in a non-controlled environment remained an unsolved problem. In this study, we wonder if accurate recognition of activity can be obtained using Internet of Things technology. We propose a processing methodology that can allow to an automatic system like a robot to recognize human activity. The approach consists of the classification of some activities of the subjects: walking, standing, sitting and laying. The study exploits a standard smartwatch and a smartphone carried by participants during a non-controlled experiment. We propose a pre-computation using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and we identify the best window width and feature length that provides the best results. We show that Support Vector Machines (SVM) provides better results compared with Decision Tree algorithms (DT). The results also demonstrate that participants' activities were classified with an accuracy of more than 91% in a non-controlled environment, with a non-controlled position of the smartphone. We define the notion of transient that corresponds to the transition between two activities as well between two positions of the sensors. The last result shows that removing the transients provides better results for the classification, i.e. 98%. This approach shows that it is possible for a robot assistant to understand the human behavior only using standard Internet of Things technology in a non-controlled environment.
Modelling of the risk factors and chronic diseases that influence the development of serious health complications (2017)

BACKGROUND Some chronic diseases, like diabetes type 2 and hypertension, and risk factors, such asobesity, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking, are strongly correlated with the potentialdevelopment of serious health complications that can threaten a patient’s life or significantly influence the quality of life, while at the same time representing an enormous economic burden. Such complications include, for example, stroke, coronary heart disease,peripheral arterial vascular disease, end-stage renal disease and congestive heart failure. METHODS For a quantitative evaluation of the mentioned patient groups, the age distribution andan estimation of the treatment expenses a dynamic mathematical model was developed,where special attention was devoted to its structure, as it should enable the sequentialconstruction and representation of different forms of data information. The model wasrealized in the Matlab program package with the Simulink Toolbox.
Prácticas prototipables para la creación, la investigación artística y la docencia on line desde la Facultad de Bellas Artes (2021)

Este proyecto indaga y comparte una serie de practicas prototipables que, desde la investigacion artistica, sirven de herramientas para ser replicadas en los contextos virtuales de docencia e investigacion, tanto dentro como fuera de la academia.
<title>Model reduction and frequency-weighted optimal vibration control of smart panels</title> (2000)

The optimal control algorithm is one of the feasible feedback algorithms for vibration suppression of flexible structures. One of the commonly encountered problems of the optimal control implementation is the spillover problem. The spillover generally occurs when modeling a continuous structure that has infinite number of resonance modes as a nominal model with finite modes for controller design. This paper presents a design of an optimal controller that is low order and can prevent the spillover problem when the unmodeled resonance modes perturb the feedback control loop. For low order controller design, this paper proposes modal Hankel singular values (MHSV) for efficient nominal model reduction. Low order controller can be derived from the reduced nominal model. For design of more stable controller, this paper applies frequency dependent weight functions to the cost function. The weight functions prevent the spillover by making optimal controller not to excite the resonance modes that are not included in nominal model. The optimal controller is derived from the nominal model. This weight function approach optimizes the control performance and control stability by smoothening the discrepancy between the weights of on the modeled modes to be controlled and unmodeled modes to be stabilized. A finite element model is exploited to develop the controller and to test its control performance and stability against high resonance mode spillover.