gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perceptual size distortion: Expansion of left hemispace (2010)

Errors of perceptual judgement are systematically made by normal observers during visual line bisection tasks. In this pattern of response, termed pseudoneglect, participants tend to bisect lines slightly to the left of their true centre. One explanation of this effect is that attentional differences between left and right hemispheres cause the leftward extent of a line to be misrepresented and appear longer than it actually is. Recent findings have also shown that patients with hemispatial neglect perceive objects in right hemispace as larger than physically identical objects in left hemispace. Presuming that this type of size estimation task involves the same attentional resources as line bisection, it is predicted that observable differences should be obtained in measurement of perceived size of objects presented in left and right hemispace in normal observers. Sensitivity in detection of object size was measured by presenting a circle simultaneously with an ellipse varying in horizontal or vertical dimension only. In one experimental manipulation participants were asked to indicate which of the two objects was wider in horizontal direction, and in another to report which object was taller in the vertical direction. A psychometric function for discrimination of a circle versus an oval was obtained for each condition for comparisons across hemifields. These revealed a consistent bias of size judgements of horizontal extent but not of vertical extent. For horizontal orientation judgements, the point of subjective equality for objects presented in the left hemispace decreased. This finding suggests that in much the same way as normal observers misperceive true centre in line bisection tasks, perception of space is distorted; left hemispace is enlargened relative to right hemispace and therefore the left stimulus is overestimated when left and right stimuli are identical. The findings are discussed in relation to attentional and perceptual accounts of visual bias.
Freeing the visual channel by exploiting vibrotactile BCI feedback (2013)

Controlling a brain-actuated device requires the participant to look at and to split his attention between the interaction of the device with its environment and the status information of the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). Such parallel visual tasks are partly contradictory, with the goal of achieving a good and natural device control. Is there a possibility to free the visual channel from one of these tasks? To address this, a stimulation system based on 6 coin-motors is developed, which provides a spatially continuous tactile illusion as BCI feedback, so that the visual channel can be devoted to the device. Several experiments are conducted in this work, to optimize the tactile illusion patterns and to investigate the influence on the electroencephalogram (EEG). Finally, 6 healthy BCI participants compare visual with tactile feedback in online BCI recordings. The developed stimulator can be used without interfering with the EEG. All subjects are able to perceive this type of tactile feedback well, and no statistical degradation in the online BCI performance could be identified between visual and tactile feedback.
Exact treatment of the dual-energy method in CT using polyenergetic x-ray spectra (1984)

The theoretical background of the dual-energy method in CT is discussed in detail, especially the meaning of a measured linear attenuation coefficient of a polyenergetic X-ray spectrum in the presence of beam hardening. Using exact values for the incident spectra the iteration procedure shown here allows one to obtain the true values of the effective atomic number and electron density of an absorber material. The applicability of the method in CT is illustrated by computer simulation of the image reconstruction for a homogeneous and an inhomogeneous phantom.
Suppression of weak antilocalization inGaxIn1−xAs∕InPnarrow quantum wires (2006)

The magnetoconductivity of ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{x}{\mathrm{In}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}∕\mathrm{InP}$ quantum wires with widths in the range of $1220--250\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ was investigated. The finite zero-field spin splitting in our samples gives rise to spin relaxation and weak antilocalization in wide wires. In contrast, for the narrow wires, only weak-localization behavior is seen even though the zero-field spin splitting is independent of wire width. The observed renormalization of the spin-relaxation length due to purely geometrical effects can be described quantitatively using a model where the effect of spin precession is represented by spin-dependent pseudomagnetic fluxes, and by exact numerical transport calculations.
Methane-Dependent Extracellular Electron Transfer at the Bioanode by the Anaerobic Archaeal Methanotroph “Candidatus Methanoperedens” (2022)

Anaerobic methanotrophic (ANME) archaea have recently been reported to be capable of using insoluble extracellular electron acceptors <i>via</i> extracellular electron transfer (EET). In this study, we investigated EET by a microbial community dominated by "<i>Candidatus</i> Methanoperedens" archaea at the anode of a bioelectrochemical system (BES) poised at 0 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), in this way measuring current as a direct proxy of EET by this community. After inoculation of the BES, the maximum current density was 274 mA m<sup>-2</sup> (stable current up to 39 mA m<sup>-2</sup>). Concomitant conversion of <sup>13</sup>CH<sub>4</sub> into <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> demonstrated that current production was methane-dependent, with 38% of the current attributed directly to methane supply. Based on the current production and methane uptake in a closed system, the Coulombic efficiency was about 17%. Polarization curves demonstrated that the current was limited by microbial activity at potentials above 0 V. The metatranscriptome of the inoculum was mined for the expression of <i>c</i>-type cytochromes potentially used for EET, which led to the identification of several multiheme <i>c</i>-type cytochrome-encoding genes among the most abundant transcripts in "<i>Ca</i>. Methanoperedens." Our study provides strong indications of EET in ANME archaea and describes a system in which ANME-mediated EET can be investigated under laboratory conditions, which provides new research opportunities for mechanistic studies and possibly the generation of axenic ANME cultures.
Mechanisms of disease-related pain in cancer: insights from the study of bone tumors (2010)

More than 10 million people are diagnosed with cancer (other than skin cancer) every year, and this number is expected to increase to 15 million per year by 2020. In 2005, cancer caused 7.6 million deaths worldwide. Cancer is a major health problem in the United States: 25% of US mortalities are related to cancer, making it the second leading cause of death.
Ray tracing trimmed rational surface patches (1990)

This paper presents a new algorithm for computing the points at which a ray intersects a rational Bezier surface patch, and also an algorithm for determining if an intersection point lies within a region trimmed by piecewise Bezier curves. Both algorithms are based on a recent innovation known as Bezier clipping, described herein. The intersection algorithm is faster than previous methods for which published performance data allow reliable comparison. It robustly finds all intersections without requiring special preprocessing.
Absolute Multiplexed Quantitative Analysis of Protein Expression during Muscle Development Using QconCAT (2007)

Stable isotope-labeled proteotypic peptides are used as surrogate standards for absolute quantification of proteins in proteomics. However, a stable isotope-labeled peptide has to be synthesized, at relatively high cost, for each protein to be quantified. To multiplex protein quantification, we developed a method in which gene design de novo is used to create and express artificial proteins (QconCATs) comprising a concatenation of proteotypic peptides. This permits absolute quantification of multiple proteins in a single experiment. This complete study was constructed to define the nature, sources of error, and statistical behavior of a QconCAT analysis. The QconCAT protein was designed to contain one tryptic peptide from 20 proteins present in the soluble fraction of chicken skeletal muscle. Optimized DNA sequences encoding these peptides were concatenated and inserted into a vector for high level expression in Escherichia coli. The protein was expressed in a minimal medium containing amino acids selectively labeled with stable isotopes, creating an equimolar series of uniformly labeled proteotypic peptides. The labeled QconCAT protein, purified by affinity chromatography and quantified, was added to a homogenized muscle preparation in a known amount prior to proteolytic digestion with trypsin. As anticipated, the QconCAT was completely digested at a rate far higher than the analyte proteins, confirming the applicability of such artificial proteins for multiplexed quantification. The nature of the technical variance was assessed and compared with the biological variance in a complete study. Alternative ionization and mass spectrometric approaches were investigated, particularly LC-ESI-TOF MS and MALDI-TOF MS, for analysis of proteins and tryptic peptides. QconCATs offer a new and efficient approach to precise and simultaneous absolute quantification of multiple proteins, subproteomes, or even entire proteomes.
Timed constraint programming (2005)

This paper focuses on policy languages for (role-based) access control [14, 32], especially in their modern incarnations in the form of trust-management systems [9] and usage control [30, 31]. Any (declarative) approach to access control and trust management has to address the following issues:
Initial Test Results from a 3-axis Vibrating Ring Gyroscope (2006)

There are several application areas where the simultaneous measurement of rates of rotation about three mutually orthogonal axes is required. In this paper the principle features of a 3-axis vibrating ring gyroscope are described. The fabrication process for the gyroscope is presented and employs standard MEMS techniques. The modal properties for the ring are measured experimentally using laser vibrometry and electrostatic sensing and compared with the design predictions. In operation as a rate gyroscope it is necessary to excite the primary motion of the gyroscope and control is amplitude. As Q-factors of vibratory gyroscope are typically of the order 103-104 slight variations in environmental conditions will perturb the natural frequency of the primary mode significantly. To ensure the primary motion of the gyroscope is maintained with constant amplitude a control scheme employing both frequency tracking and amplitude control is required. An electronic control system using digital signal processing (DSP) has been developed to ensure excitation of the primary motion occurs at resonance with controlled amplitude. The control scheme employs an embedded processor to generate the drive frequency (via a D/A converter) and to monitor the primary vibration (via an A/D converter). Experimental results from the control scheme highlighting its effectiveness over conventional PLL approaches are presented.
Photocyclization Reactions of N-(Trimethylsilylmethoxyalkyl)Phthalimides. Efficient and Regioselective Route to Heterocycles (1992)

Studies have been conducted to explore single electron transfer (SET) induced photocyclization reactions of N-(trimethylsilylmethoxyalkyl)phthalimides(alkyl=E thyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, and n-octyl). Photocyclizations occur in methanol in high yields to produce cyclized products in which phthalimide carbonyl carbon is bonded to the carbon of side chain in place of the trimethylsilyl group. Mechanism for these photocyclizations involving intramolecular SET from oxygen in the groups to the singlet excited state phthalimide moieties followed by desilylation of the intermediate cation radicals and cyclization by radical coupling are proposed. In contrast, photoreaction of N-(trimethylsilylmethoxyethyl) phthalimide in acetone follows different reaction routes to produce two cyclized products in which carbon-carbon bond formation takes place between the phthalimide carbonyl carbon and the carbon to silicon and oxygen atoms via triplet carbonyl hydrogen abstraction triplet carbonyl silyl group abstraction pathways. The normal singlet SET pathway dominates these triplet processes for photoreaction of this substance in methanol. The efficient and regioselective cyclization reactions observed for photolysis in methanol represent synthetically useful processes for construction of medium and large ring heterocyclic compounds.
Mixing and Modes of Mass Transfer in the Third Cerebral Ventricle: A Computational Analysis (2007)

Anatomic, velocimetric, and brain motion MRI scans were combined with a computational fluid dynamics model to investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mixing in the third cerebral ventricle of a healthy male adult. It was found that advection dominates over diffusion in most of the third ventricle. Three zones where diffusion plays an important role in the mixing process were identified. One of these zones, consisting of recessus infundibulus, recessus opticus and the adjacent regions up to commissura anterior, is likely to exist in the general population. We hypothesize that this zone may act as a buffer to flatten concentration peaks of pituitary gland hormones released into the CSF of the third ventricle. We further hypothesize that this zone may facilitate the communication between hypothalamus and the pituitary gland through the third ventricle cerebrospinal fluid by prolonging residence times of the communicated hormones.
Development of innovative hot-gas cleanup process for advanced IGCC system (2007)

A highly efficient desulfurization technology has been studied in order to realize highly effective coal gasification power plants such as advanced IGCC system for electricity and hydrogen production. We have explored several excellent sorbent systems for hot reductive gases such as coal gas produced by an entrained-flow gasifier. The concentrations of typical sulfuric compounds of coal gas represented by H{sub 2}S and COS were indicated to be decreased from 1000 ppmv to less than 50 ppbv (GC-FPD). The sorbent systems are considered to be satisfactorily used for power plants, based on the operation data of 200t/d IGCC pilot plant. 7 refs., 4 figs.
Training neural networks with additive noise in the desired signal (2002)

A new global optimization strategy for training adaptive systems such as neural networks and adaptive filters (finite or infinite impulse response (FIR or IIR)) is proposed in this paper. Instead of adding random noise to the weights as proposed in the past, additive random noise is injected directly into the desired signal. Experimental results show that this procedure also speeds up greatly the backpropagation algorithm. The method is very easy to implement in practice, preserving the backpropagation algorithm and requiring a single random generator with a monotonically decreasing step size per output channel. Hence, this is an ideal strategy to speed up supervised learning, and avoid local minima entrapment when the noise variance is appropriately scheduled.
CW highly efficient 1.24 μm Raman laser based on low-loss phosphosilicate fiber (2003)

We report the first demonstration of an extremely simple and efficient 1.24 /spl mu/m phosphosilicate fiber-based Raman laser with Bragg gratings written directly in the fiber used. The laser pumped by Nd fiber laser exhibits a slope efficiency of 80%.
Monolithic integration of a quantum-well laser and an optical amplifier using an asymmetric twin-waveguide structure (1998)

We demonstrate the monolithic integration of a 1.55 μm wavelength InGaAsP-InP multiple-quantum-well (MQW) laser and a traveling-wave optical amplifier using an asymmetric, vertical twin-waveguide structure. The laser and amplifier share the same strained InGaAsP MQW active layer grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy, while the underlying passive waveguide layer is used for on-chip optical interconnections between the active devices. The asymmetric twin-waveguide structure uses the difference in modal gains to discriminate between the even and odd modes.
Transformational trajectory of paediatric circulatory support: the impact of a unique vision (2016)

In this issue, Hetzer et al. describe their remarkable journey with the Berlin Heart Excor ventricular assist device in infants and children. The Berlin group has pioneered the application of durable mechanical circulatory support in the paediatric population. Following their initial pioneering experience in 1990 [1], it would be a decade before the Berlin Heart would be introduced into the USA.
A role for a pertussis toxin‐sensitive trimeric G‐protein in store‐operated Ca2+inflow in hepatocytes (1994)

The mechanism of store-operated Ca2+ inflow in hepatocytes was investigated using fluo-3 and fura-2 to monitor changes in the concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ in single cells, and 1-(alpha-glycerophosphoryl)-myo-inositol 4,5-diphosphate, P4(5)-1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl ester ('caged' GPIP2) and 'caged' guanosine 5'-[gamma thio]triphosphate (GTP gamma S) (introduced into the cytoplasmic space by microinjection), thapsigargin and 2,5-di-tert- butylhydroquinone (DBHQ) to stimulate Ca2+ inflow. Photolysis of 'caged' GPIP2 or 'caged' GTP gamma S stimulated Ca2+ inflow. The abilities of GPIP2, thapsigargin and DBHQ to stimulate Ca2+ inflow were inhibited by the pre-treatment of hepatocytes with pertussis toxin in vivo for 36 h. Thapsigargin-stimulated Ca2+ inflow was also inhibited by guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate (GDP beta S) (introduced by microinjection). It is concluded that, in hepatocytes, store-operated Ca2+ inflow induced by the actions of either inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, thapsigargin or DBHQ requires a pertussis toxin-sensitive trimeric G-protein.
An Adjacent Dibenzotetraazaporphyrin:  A Structural Intermediate between Tetraazaporphyrin and Phthalocyanine (1999)

An adjacent dibenzotetraazaporphyrin, in which two benzene units are fused to the adjacent pyrrole rings of tetraazaporphyrin skeleton, has been synthesized as a copper complex for the first time and characterized by electronic absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy, by cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry using an optically transparent thin layer electrochemical cell. The results were compared with those of tetraazaporphyrin and phthalocyanine analogues. The title compound shows intermediate characteristics between those of normal tetraazaporphyrins and phthalocyanines; the Q-band shifts to the red and becomes more intense while the Soret band broadens with increasing the size of the pi-system. With the expansion of the pi-system, the first reduction potential does not change significantly, while the first oxidation potential shifts negatively, indicating that the LUMO level remains almost constant while the HOMO level destabilizes significantly. These spectroscopic properties and redox potentials were reproduced by molecular orbital calculations within the framework of the Pariser-Parr-Pople approximation. Thermogravimetry analysis suggests that the skeleton of the adjacent dibenzotetraazaporphyrin complex decomposes at about 95 degrees lower than that of the tetra-tert-butylated phthalocyanine analogue.
A New Thinning Algorithm and Its Application to Extraction of Blood Vessels (1999)

In this paper we propose a new method of thinning of liver vessel system. The result is a curved-line skeleton which is centered in the object according to its luminosity.
Optimizing transactions for captured memory (2009)

In this paper, we identify transaction-local memory as a major source of overhead from compiler instrumentation in software transactional memory (STM). Transaction-local memory is memory allocated inside a transaction, which cannot escape (i.e., is captured by) the allocating transaction. Accesses to such memory do not require calls to STM memory access functions (i.e., STM barriers). A compiler unaware of that may translate accesses to captured memory into expensive STM barriers. This presents us opportunities to improve STM performance. Our measurements with the STAMP benchmark suite (version 0.9.9) revealed that as many as 60% of the STM barriers generated by our baseline compiler access captured memory, including 90% of the write barriers and 45% of the read barriers. We propose runtime and compiler optimizations to elide STM barriers to captured memory. These techniques can also elide barriers for accesses to thread-local and read-only data. We implemented those optimizations in the Intel C++ STM compiler. Our experiments with the STAMP benchmark suite on a Intel Dunnington system (with 24 cores in a 4-node SMP system) show that these optimizations can improve performance by to 18% at 16 threads.
Synthesis and evaluation of N-alkylated analogues of aza-galacto-fagomine – potential pharmacological chaperones for Krabbe disease (2016)

Seven novel alkylated or acylated analogues of hexahydropyridazine aza-galacto-fagomine (AGF) was prepared and studied as glycosidase inhibitors with the aim of increasing inhibitory potency and selectivity. The enzyme galactocerebrosidase, implicated in Krabbe disease, was found to be potently inhibited by n-butyl N2-alkylated AGF.
A new face descriptor using local un-quantized patterns (2013)

We present a novel face representation based on local un-quantized patterns (LUP) descriptors. LUP descriptor is a simple yet powerful descriptor which measures the difference of intensities between surrounding pixel with the center in a local neighborhood, but preserves the finer local geometric structure unlike LBP, SIFT or HOG (which uses either the quantized version of local gray level patterns or quantized codes of image gradients). This descriptor also solves the problem of limited spatial support of LBP like operators, where increasing the size of local-neighborhood increases the histogram dimensions exponentially making it unsuitable for real-time needs. By applying principal component analysis (PCA) to LUP, we develop a new srepresentation, which gives better performance than LBP and comparable performance to LARK while only taking a fraction of the computation when compared to the latter.
Anti-Bacterial Properties and Biocompatibility of Novel SiC Coating for Dental Ceramic (2020)

A 200 nm plasma-enhanced chemical vapor-deposited SiC was used as a coating on dental ceramics to improve anti-bacterial properties for the applications of dental prosthesis. A thin SiO<sub>2</sub> (20 nm) in the same system was deposited first, prior to SiC deposition, to improve the adhesion between SiC to dental ceramic. Silane and methane were the precursors for SiC deposition, and the SiO<sub>2</sub> deposition employed silane and nitrous oxide as the precursors. SiC antimicrobial activity was evaluated on the proliferation of biofilm, <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i>, and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> on SiC-coated and uncoated dental ceramics for 24 h. The ceramic coating with SiC exhibited a biofilm coverage of 16.9%, whereas uncoated samples demonstrated a significantly higher biofilm coverage of 91.8%, measured with fluorescence and scanning electron microscopic images. The cytotoxicity of the SiC coating was evaluated using human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLF) by CellTiter-BlueCell viability assay. After 24 h of HPdLF cultivation, no obvious cytotoxicity was observed on the SiC coating and control group; both sets of samples exhibited similar cell adhesion and proliferation. SiC coating on a ceramic demonstrated antimicrobial activity without inducing cytotoxic effects.