gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid auxin‐mediated changes in the proteome of the epidermal cells in rye coleoptiles: implications for the initiation of growth (2011)

In axial organs of juvenile plants, the phytohormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) rapidly mediates cell wall loosening and hence promotes turgor-driven elongation. In this study, we used rye (Secale cereale) coleoptile sections to investigate possible effects of IAA on the proteome of the cells. In a first set of experiments, we document that IAA causes organ elongation via promotion of expansion of the rigid outer wall of the outer epidermis. A quantitative comparison of the proteome (membrane-associated proteins), using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE), revealed that, within 2 h of auxin treatment, at least 16 protein spots were up- or down-regulated by IAA. These proteins were identified using reverse-phase liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Four of these proteins were detected in the growth-controlling outer epidermis and were further analysed. One epidermal polypeptide, a small Ras-related GTP-binding protein, was rapidly down-regulated by IAA (after 0.5 h of incubation) by -35% compared to the control. Concomitantly, a subunit of the 26S proteasome was up-regulated by IAA (+30% within 1 h). In addition, this protein displayed IAA-mediated post-translational modification. The implications of these rapid auxin effects with respect to signal transduction and IAA-mediated secretion of glycoproteins (osmiophilic nano-particles) into the growth-controlling outer epidermal wall are discussed.
Towards more scalability and flexibility for distributed storage systems (2019)

The exponentially growing demand for storage puts a huge stress on traditionnal distributed storage systems. While storage devices' performance have caught up with network devices in the last decade, their capacity do not grow as fast as the rate of data growth, especially with the rise of cloud big data applications. Furthermore, the performance balance between storage, network and compute devices has shifted and the assumptions that are the foundation for most distributed storage systems are not true anymore. This dissertation explains how several aspects of such storage systems can be modified and rethought to make a more efficient use of the resource at their disposal. It presents an original architecture that uses a distributed layer of metadata to provide flexible and scalable object-level storage, then proposes a scheduling algorithm improving how a generic storage system handles concurrent requests. Finally, it describes how to improve legacy filesystem-level caching for erasure-code-based distributed storage systems, before presenting a few other contributions made in the context of short research projects.
Reduced Performance During a Sentence Repetition Task by Continuous Theta-Burst Magnetic Stimulation of the Pre-supplementary Motor Area (2018)

The pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) is engaged in speech comprehension under difficult circumstances such as poor acoustic signal quality or time-critical conditions. Previous studies found that left pre-SMA is activated when subjects listen to accelerated speech. Here, the functional role of pre-SMA was tested for accelerated speech comprehension by inducing a transient "virtual lesion" using continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS). Participants were tested (1) prior to (pre-baseline), (2) 10 min after (test condition for the cTBS effect), and (3) 60 min after stimulation (post-baseline) using a sentence repetition task (formant-synthesized at rates of 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 syllables/s). Speech comprehension was quantified by the percentage of correctly reproduced speech material. For high speech rates, subjects showed decreased performance after cTBS of pre-SMA. Regarding the error pattern, the number of incorrect words without any semantic or phonological similarity to the target context increased, while related words decreased. Thus, the transient impairment of pre-SMA seems to affect its inhibitory function that normally eliminates erroneous speech material prior to speaking or, in case of perception, prior to encoding into a semantically/pragmatically meaningful message.
Ge-laminated polarizer for 790-850-nm applications with extinction ratios larger than 50 dB and insertion losses below 0.4 dB (1993)

A laminated structure composed of alternating layers of Ge and SiO/sub 2/ (Ge-LAMIPOL) is usable as a miniaturized polarizer at 790-850 nm in fiber optic gyroscopes, for instance. However, peeling of the sputter deposited layers, due to the weak binding strength between Ge and SiO/sub 2/, is a serious problem during the slicing process in preparation for assembly in the fiber. In order to improve the adhesive strength, the 1-nm-thick Si layers are inserted between Ge and SiO/sub 2/ layers. The Si layer functions as the adhesive layer via the Si-O bonding formation in place of the weaker Ge-O bond. The new Ge-LAMIPOL, including 125 layers of (1-nm Si)/(4.5-nm Ge)/(1-nm Si)/ (800-nm SiO/sub 2/) is successfully prepared without any fracture. The extinction ratio and the insertion loss were 51 and 0.33 dB at 850 nm, respectively, corresponding to 59.6 and 0.36 dB as the designed values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Combined CBED/Alchemi Analysis of Crystallography and Cation Distributions in the Transparent Conductive Oxide Cd1+XIn2-2XSnxO4 (2000)

Abstract Transparent conductive oxide materials (TCO) are currently under development for use as electrodes in optical systems such as photovoltaics and flat panel displays. Indium-tin based oxides and cadmium-tin based oxides have been investigated in the past but have received more attention recently due to their high electron mobilities. The mechanisms for conduction in these systems are not fully understood, but the distribution of cations within the lattice is thought to be of importance. We are currently studying the Cd1+xIn2-2xSnxO4 system for use as a TCO material. In particular, we are interested in the effect of the crystallography and cation distributions in this material upon its electro-optical properties. The investigation of cation distributions in this spinel system presents special challenges to purely diffraction based methods. X-ray diffraction cannot be used to assess the cation distribution for this system due to the similar x-ray atomic scattering factors for the cations involved.
The process window of a-Si/Ti bilayer metallization for an oxidation-resistant and self-aligned TiSi/sub 2/ process (1992)

The dependences of both oxidation-resistant and self-aligned silicidation properties on the thicknesses of top amorphous-Si (a-Si) and Ti metal in an a-Si/Ti bilayer process are presented. It is shown that a thin silicide layer formed during the reaction between a-Si and Ti films becomes a stable oxidation and nitridation barrier for oxygen- and nitrogen-related impurities. Moreover, the formation sequence of the silicide phase depends not only on the annealing temperature but also on the thickness of the Ti film. In addition, the preferential orientation of the silicide phase after annealing at high temperature also shows a strong dependence on the thickness of Ti film, which is attributed to the difference of the grain size in the polycrystalline silicide film. The allowed process window for the a-Si thickness can be determined experimentally and a reproducible and homogeneous self-aligned TiSi/sub 2/ film can be easily obtained by using the a-Si/Ti bilayer process in salicide applications despite high-level contaminations of oxygen impurities in both the as-deposited Ti film and the annealing ambient.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preparation and Evaluation of CuO/Chitosan Nanocomposite for Antibacterial Finishing Cotton Fabric (2009)

Cupric oxide—chitosan nanocomposite was prepared in aqueous solution. Copper ions were adsorbed into the chitosan mainly by chelation to form copper-loaded chitosan. Copper-loaded chitosan was reduced by using sodium hydroxide at specific pH. Copper oxide nanoparticle-loaded chitosan was formed by oxidation of Cu(OH) 2 -loaded chitosan by using drops of H 2 O 2 (30%). CuO nanoparticles-loaded chitosan molecules were stirred with a high-speed homogenizer at 10,000 rpm for 30 minutes. The corresponding CuO/chitosan nanocomposite formed was characterized by using transmission electron microscope images. The copper oxide/chitosan nanocomposite was applied to cotton fabric by using pad-dry cure technique. Cotton fabric treated with CuO—chitosan nanocomposite was characterized via scanning electron microscope supplied with energy dispersive spectroscopy to verify the elemental composition of deposited materials on the fabric. Antimicrobial activity of the prepared fabric samples treated with chitosan nanoparticles and CuO/chitosan nanocomposites against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aurous) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) were investigated. Durability of treated cotton fabrics with nanocomposites has been evaluated.
Remote ultrasound detection with a quasi-balanced confocal Fabry–Perot interferometer (2011)

In this article, we show the benefits of a quasi-balanced fringe hopping confocal Fabry–Perot interferometer (CFPI) with broadband common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) for remote ultrasound detection. In laser ultrasound, the ultrasonic information, in general, lies in the phase modulation of laser light which in this case is demodulated using the CFPI at a certain working point on a fringe. By hopping from the positive to the negative slope on the same fringe, the detected ultrasonic signals are inverted. In contrary, interference signals – such crosstalk from the generation, ghosts or noise correlated to pulse laser excitation – are not influenced and hence get rejected by subtracting the signals measured at both slopes. Hence, a minimum of two measurements is needed for common mode rejection. The fringe hopping from the positive to the negative slope is done by changing the distance of the CFPI mirrors with a precise piezoelectric-stack and a fast high-resolution digital controller. As only one photodetector with a transimpedance amplifier is needed, a high CMRR can be accomplished. The CMRR is not affected by the symmetry of the fringe but only by pulse-to-pulse energy fluctuations of the generation laser. We show that with fringe hopping and averaging the signal-to-noise ratio increases much faster than with averaging without fringe hopping. This is due to the correlation of the quasi-noise with the generation cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: Open Chain Nitrogen Compounds. Part 13. 1‐Aryl‐3‐arylthiomethyl‐3‐methyltriazenes (III) and 3‐(Arylazo)‐1,3‐thiazolidines (VI). (1989)

Abstract New triazenes of type (III) are prepared having half‐lives in aqueous buffer in the range 4‐16 min; both (IIIa) show antitumor activity.
The efficacy and safety of a new U.S. Botulinum toxin type A in the retreatment of glabellar lines following open-label treatment. (2009)

Multiple treatment cycles of BoNT-A were well tolerated in the majority of patients, and there was no tachyphylaxis seen during the study duration of up to 23 months.
Effect of rotor blade angle and clearance on blood flow through a non-pulsatile, axial, heart pump (2010)

This study involves simulation of blood flow through a non-pulsatile, axial pump consisting of a complex multi-sectioned impeller with rotating and stationary components, and a stationary housing. We use a particle-based method, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), to investigate the effects of varying the impeller blade pitch angle and the gap size between the rotor and housing. We show that the impeller blade inclination affects pump performance and the level of shear-related blood damage. The inclusion of a rotor-housing clearance results in flow losses that reduce the efficiency of the pump but also reduce the viscous energy losses in the pump.
The mechanism of photodegradation of alkyl halides and poly(vinylchloride). Part I. Alkyl aryl ketone-sensitized photolysis of t-butyl chloride (1974)

Alkyl aryl ketones were found to sensitize the decomposition of t-butyl chloride in cyclohexane solution. The mechanism for the decomposition involved some degree of charge-transfer complex formation and the lowest excited triplet state of the alkyl aryl ketone was clearly implicated as the sensitizing species.
Evaluation of Axial Gas Transport in an Oscillatory Flow through a Symmetrical Bifurcating Tube. (1994)

Axial gas transport has been investigated experimentally in an oscillatory flow through a single symmetrical bifurcating tube with lung-like geometry. The dispersion coefficients were determined by measuring the solute gas which was pulse-injected at the divider section, and the propriety of the method of measurement was evaluated considering the flow states which were measured using a laser Doppler velocimeter. As a result, the axial dispersion coefficient in a bifurcating tube slightly increased compared with the laminar solution in a straight tube.
Shock compression of reactive powder mixtures (2009)

Abstract<title/>The shock compression of reactive powder mixtures can yield varied chemical behaviour with occurrence of mechanochemical reactions in the timescale of the high pressure state, or thermochemical reactions in the timescale of temperature equilibration, or simply the creation of dense packed highly reactive state of material. The principal challenge has been to understand the processes that distinguish between mechanochemical (shock induced) and thermochemical (shock assisted) reactions, which has broad implications for the synthesis of novel metastable or non-equilibrium materials, or the design of highly configurable next generation energetic materials. In this paper, the process of shock compression in reactive powder mixtures and the associated role of various intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of reactants in the triggering of ultrafast shock induced chemical reactions are discussed. Experimental techniques employing time resolved diagnostics and results which identify the occurrence of shock induced reactions are reviewed. Conceptual and numerical models used to describe the heterogeneous nature of such reactions through mesoscopic details of shock compression are presented. Finally, a discussion of the application of recent results for the design of reactive material systems with controlled reaction initiation and energy release characteristics is provided.Keywords: Shock compressionReactive powdersIntermetallicsMechanochemical reactionsShock synthesisBallotechnicMesoscale modellingImported microstructuresReview
Induction of Mucosal Immunity against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in the Mouse Protects against Ocular Infection and Establishment of Latency (1998)

Immune responses were assessed after intranasal immunization of mice with a mixture of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoproteins with cholera toxin and its B subunit as adjuvant. Antigen-specific serum antibodies, which were largely IgG with IgG1 the major subclass, neutralized virus in vitro with a titer equivalent to that elicited by active infection. Significant levels of antigen-specific IgA were found in mucosal fluids of the eye as well as the vagina. Lymphocytes from draining lymph nodes showed secondary proliferative responses when cultured with HSV-1 in vitro, in immunized mice only, with the production of interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, interleukin-4, and interleukin-5. After ocular challenge, immunized mice were protected against the development of severe eye disease, zosteriform spread, or encephalitis, whereas the incidence of clinical symptoms in mock-immunized mice was 83%, 74%, and 52%, respectively. Finally, the incidence of latency was reduced from 88% to 13% after intranasal immunization.
Ultrashort pulse compression and delivery in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber at 540 nm wavelength (2010)

We have fabricated a bandgap-guiding hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) capable of transmitting and compressing ultrashort pulses in the green spectral region around 532 nm. When propagating subpicosecond pulses through 1 m of this fiber, we have observed soliton-effect temporal compression by up to a factor of 3 to around 100 fs. This reduces the wavelength at which soliton effects have been observed in hollow-core PCF by over 200 nm. We have used the pulses delivered at the output of the fiber to machine micrometer-scale features in copper.
Deep Learning Method for Mandibular Canal Segmentation in Dental Cone Beam Computed Tomography Volumes (2020)

Accurate localisation of mandibular canals in lower jaws is important in dental implantology, in which the implant position and dimensions are currently determined manually from 3D CT images by medical experts to avoid damaging the mandibular nerve inside the canal. Here we present a deep learning system for automatic localisation of the mandibular canals by applying a fully convolutional neural network segmentation on clinically diverse dataset of 637 cone beam CT volumes, with mandibular canals being coarsely annotated by radiologists, and using a dataset of 15 volumes with accurate voxel-level mandibular canal annotations for model evaluation. We show that our deep learning model, trained on the coarsely annotated volumes, localises mandibular canals of the voxel-level annotated set, highly accurately with the mean curve distance and average symmetric surface distance being 0.56 mm and 0.45 mm, respectively. These unparalleled accurate results highlight that deep learning integrated into dental implantology workflow could significantly reduce manual labour in mandibular canal annotations.
Adenosine in fibrosis (2009)

Adenosine is an endogenous autocoid that regulates a multitude of bodily functions. Its anti-inflammatory actions are well known to rheumatologists since it mediates many of the anti-inflammatory effects of a number of antirheumatic drugs such as methotrexate. However, inflammatory and tissue regenerative responses are intricately linked, with wound healing being a prime example. It has only recently been appreciated that adenosine has a key role in tissue regenerative and fibrotic processes. An understanding of these processes may shed new light on potential therapeutic options in diseases such as scleroderma where tissue fibrosis features prominently.
Random time and frequency hopping for unslotted asynchronous access (2002)

Two kinds of interleaved codes are considered for unslotted asynchronous multiple access collision channel without feedback, for random time hopping, and also through L such parallel channels for random frequency hopping. Exponential upper bounds are given on the decoding error probability. Each of these bounds consists of a first term due to overflow and a second term due to collision under no overflow. For both kinds of interleavings essentially the same throughput limiting role of the channel capacity is exhibited as known for slotted access with a single code. For one of the rules the same error probability limit is guaranteed at the same throughput both for the unslotted and for the slotted case.
Migration of common-shot gathers (1986)

Abstract Three depth migration methods which operate on common-shot data are presented. The first migration method maps digitized horizons from the X-T domain to the X-Z domain. Because this method is based on ray tracing, its computation time is short; it is suggested for iterative velocity analysis. The other two migration methods map the entire common-shot gather into a depth section. The common-shot migration requires calculation of the arrival time of the direct wave from the source to all the depth points, and is done through a direct solution of the eikonal equation. All three methods are suitable for areas with both lateral and vertical velocity variation.
Rapid and efficient protein digestion using trypsin‐coated magnetic nanoparticles under pressure cycles (2010)

Trypsin-coated magnetic nanoparticles (EC-TR/NPs), prepared via a simple multilayer random crosslinking of the trypsin molecules onto magnetic nanoparticles, were highly stable and could be easily captured using a magnet after the digestion was complete. EC-TR/NPs showed a negligible loss of trypsin activity after multiple uses and continuous shaking, whereas the conventional immobilization of covalently attached trypsin on NPs resulted in a rapid inactivation under the same conditions due to the denaturation and autolysis of trypsin. A single model protein, a five-protein mixture, and a whole mouse brain proteome were digested at atmospheric pressure and 37°C for 12 h or in combination with pressure cycling technology at room temperature for 1 min. In all cases, EC-TR/NPs performed equally to or better than free trypsin in terms of both the identified peptide/protein number and the digestion reproducibility. In addition, the concomitant use of EC-TR/NPs and pressure cycling technology resulted in very rapid (∼1 min) and efficient digestions with more reproducible digestion results.
cDNA Cloning and Chromosomal Mapping of Mouse BH-Protocadherin (1999)

We isolated and determined the sequence of cDNA encoding mouse BH-protocadherin (BH-Pcdh) from heart. It encodes a 1069 amino acids (aa) polypeptide exhibiting an overall 97% identity with human BH-Pcdh-a and 83% identity with Xenopus NF-protocadherin. We also determined the alternatively spliced cytoplasmic tail sequence. The cytoplasmic tail of mouse BH-Pcdh-b is short (2 aa) compared with that of human BH-Pcdh-b (14 aa). The cytoplasmic tail of mouse BH-Pcdh-c showed 100% aa identity with that of human BH-Pcdh-c except for a 8-amino-acid insertion. Northern blot analysis revealed two major transcripts were expressed in brain and heart. Mouse BH-Pcdh-a mRNA was detected as a single band of approximately 5.5-kb. The mRNA level of mouse BH-Pcdh-a and -c were persistently detected by RT-PCR in developmental process of brain and heart, but that of mouse BH-Pcdh-b was elevated only in fetus and neonatal stage of brain. The chromosomal location of the mouse BH-Pcdh gene was determined as 5C3-D using fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Advanced Hybrid Joining Technology (2009)

The paper summarizes results of an engineering investigation on advanced joining technology for hybrid (composite-metal) structures. Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC) used in structural applications are known to reduce structure weight, lower life-cycle cost and, in case of a floating platform, improve the deadweight/displacement ratio. While beneficial, PMC applications for large hull structures have certain limitations in size and volume of seamless structural component without using joints. A hybrid hull that consists of both metal and composite structural members potentially enables desirable enhancements of structural efficiency, but robust joining between those heterogeneous structures must be employed. A recently completed feasibility study has been performed involving a novel hybrid joining concept-technology based on a combination of conventional adhesive bonding with novel metal surface preparation. Computer simulation of the joint structural behavior and failure, development of a material processing procedure based on adaptation of Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) process to manufacturing of a large hybrid structure, fabrication of pilot joint test articles, and tensile testing of those to failure, have been performed as part of the feasibility study. Two sets of the hybrid joint were tested, the novel joint being developed and its conventionally bonded analogue without the novel surface preparation considered as a base-line joint. The tests resulted with 48%-increase of load-bearing capability of the novel joint and a good match between generated computed and experimental data.