gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MR Imaging–based Diagnosis and Classification of Meniscal Tears (2014)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is currently the modality of choice for detecting meniscal injuries and planning subsequent treatment. A thorough understanding of the imaging protocols, normal meniscal anatomy, surrounding anatomic structures, and anatomic variants and pitfalls is critical to ensure diagnostic accuracy and prevent unnecessary surgery. High-spatial-resolution imaging of the meniscus can be performed using fast spin-echo and three-dimensional MR imaging sequences. Normal anatomic structures that can mimic a tear include the meniscal ligament, meniscofemoral ligaments, popliteomeniscal fascicles, and meniscomeniscal ligament. Anatomic variants and pitfalls that can mimic a tear include discoid meniscus, meniscal flounce, a meniscal ossicle, and chondrocalcinosis. When a meniscal tear is identified, accurate description and classification of the tear pattern can guide the referring clinician in patient education and surgical planning. For example, longitudinal tears are often amenable to repair, whereas horizontal and radial tears may require partial meniscectomy. Tear patterns include horizontal, longitudinal, radial, root, complex, displaced, and bucket-handle tears. Occasionally, meniscal tears can be difficult to detect at imaging; however, secondary indirect signs, such as a parameniscal cyst, meniscal extrusion, or linear subchondral bone marrow edema, should increase the radiologist's suspicion for an underlying tear. Awareness of common diagnostic errors can ensure accurate diagnosis of meniscal tears. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Magnetic Resonance Image-Guided Biopsy and Aspiration (2000)

Recent advances in magnet design and magnetic resonance (MR) system technology coupled with the development of fast gradient-echo pulse sequences have contributed to the increasing interest in interventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic image-based intervention can now be performed under near real-time MR guidance, taking advantage of the high tissue contrast, spatial resolution, vascular conspicuity and multiplanar capabilities of MRI to achieve safe and precise needle placement. This is particularly advantageous for needle navigation in regions of complex anatomy, such as the suprahyoid neck. This article discusses the theoretical concepts and clinical applications of MR for guidance for biopsy and aspiration, and highlights the technical developments that provide the foundation for interventional MRI.
Iterative Planning for Deterministic QDec-POMDPs (2018)

QDec-POMDPs are a qualitative alternative to stochastic Dec-POMDPs for goal-oriented plan- ning in cooperative partially observable multi-agent environments. Although QDec-POMDPs share the same worst case complexity as Dec-POMDPs, previous research has shown an ability to scale up to larger domains while producing high quality plan trees. A key difficulty in distributed execution is the need to construct a joint plan tree branching on the combinations of observations of all agents. In this work, we suggest an iterative algorithm, IMAP, that plans for one agent at a time, taking into considerations collaboration constraints about action execution of previous agents, and generating new constraints for the next agents. We explain how these constraints are generated and handled, and a backtracking mechanism for changing constraints that cannot be met. We provide experimental results on multi-agent planning domains, showing our methods to scale to much larger problems with several collaborating agents and huge state spaces.
Iron- and calcite-rich ceramic bodies for porous tiles manufacturing by fast double-firing (1999)

Porous glazed tiles are very important products used for decorative wall coverings. It ¡s possible to obtain porous fast-fired biscuit (35-40 min firing cycle) to produce fast double-fired tiles by using natural ¡ron- and calcite-rich clays, as used in the production of traditional, slow-fired cottoforte (20-30 h firing cycle). Anorthite and diopside are the main crystalline phases developed ¡n fired pressed tiles. A large amount of chlorite and calcite is fundamental to diopside-anorthite formation and to the enhancement of mechanical properties and dimensional stability.
Stepwise [4 + 2]- and [4 + 4]-cyclodimerizations of 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexamethyl-4,5-bis(methylene)cyclopentane (1989)

described before to give 160 mg of crude 19, which was purified by MPLC (RP 18, CH30H/H20 = 9:l).Yield: 119 mg (82%) of 19 and traces (20 mg) of a bisadduct, which has not been purified. 6-Methylene-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene (19):mp 42-43 "C (pentane); IR (neat) 2946,1444,1357,915,757,690 cm-'; 'H NMR (CDCI,) 6 1.63-2.72(m, 8 H), AB system with V A = 3.27, vB = 3.44, and JAB = 17.0 Hz (2 H), 5.13 (mc, 1 H), 5.21 (mc, 1 H), 7.37-7.42(m, 3 H), 7.66-7.71(m, 2 H); 13C NMR (t), 126.52 (d), 128.66 (d), 129.86 (d), 129.98 (s), 153.43 (s), 155.91 ( 8 ) ; mass spectrum (70 eV), m/z (relative intensity) 213 (M' , 36), 212 (18),196 (8),185 (6),184 (81,117 (1001,104 (9),103 (7),95 (9),94 (21),93 (8), 91 (ll), 79 (34), 77 (34); high resolution mass spectrum, m / z calcd for C14H16N0 213.11536, found 213,11519.
IMAGE ARTIFACTS IN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY (2015)

Image artifacts are common and can lead to incorrect interpretations of OCT angiography images. Because of the quantity of data available and the potential for artifacts, physician interaction in viewing the image data will be required, much like what happens in modern radiology practice.
Detection Capability of Downlink Signals in Mobile WiMAX and 3GPP LTE with an FFT-Based UWB Receiver (2012)

The paper presents capability of signal detection for realizing coexistence between broadband wireless access (BWA) systems and ultra wideband (UWB) devices. The capability is experimentally evaluated for baseband signals of downlink (DL) in both mobile WiMAX and 3GPP LTE. An UWB receiver based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) compliant with MB-OFDM standard is implemented as a detector of the BWA signals. The capability is evaluated in terms of elapsed time required to achieve signal detection with probability of 99% by the implemented FFT-based UWB receiver at different conditions of the receiver. Decisions on the signal detection are made by the simplest method which is by setting a threshold which is determined by noise floor of the receiver as reference. The experiments have been conducted though baseband signals for both AWGN and multipath fading channels without any synchronization between the DL signals and UWB receiver. In AWGN environment, results show that the elapsed time depends on the duty ratio of the DL signal to be detected, however, the correlation between the required time and duty ratio is not linear since their envelopes of the DL signals are not constant. In multipath fading environments based on channel models commonly employed as mobile radio environments, the required time for the signal detection becomes as 17 times longer than that in AWGN due to its signal attenuation. For robust signal detection in multipath fading environments, it has been revealed that the number of quantization bits at ADC is crucial through the experiments.
Adsorptive removal of geosmin by ceramic membrane filtration with super-powdered activated carbon (2007)

Tap water free from unpleasant taste and odour is important for consumer satisfaction. We applied a super-powdered activated carbon (S-PAC) and microfiltration (MF) system to the removal of geosmin, a taste- and odour-causing compound. We used a specially pulverised PAC with a submicron particle size, much smaller than the normal PAC (N-PAC) particle size, as an adsorption pretreatment agent. MF and adsorption pretreatment with S-PAC removed geosmin with considerably greater efficiency and at a much lower dosage rate than with N-PAC. An S-PAC dosage of 2 mg/L was equivalent to an N-PAC dosage of more than 20 mg/L in the treatment of reagent-geosmin–spiked feed water – a dosage saving of 90%, with better removal. In experiments with feed water spiked with cultured Anabaena and geosmin, geosmin removal was attained with S-PAC at a dosage 10% of that of N-PAC. The superiority of S-PAC in removing naturally occurring geosmin from raw water was also confirmed. However, the dosage saving in this case was 75%. S-PAC also helped attenuate trans-membrane pressure increases in both physical backwash and chemical cleaning cycles. No significant trans-membrane pressure increase was observed during 4 months of MF operation with S-PAC addition, suggesting that S-PAC particles did not clog or foul the membrane.
Stretchable nanocomposite electrodes with tunable mechanical properties by supersonic cluster beam implantation in elastomers (2015)

We demonstrate the fabrication of gold-polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposite electrodes, by supersonic cluster beam implantation, with tunable Young's modulus depending solely on the amount of metal clusters implanted in the elastomeric matrix. We show both experimentally and by atomistic simulations that the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite can be maintained close to that of the bare elastomer for significant metal volume concentrations. Moreover, the elastic properties of the nanocomposite, as experimentally characterized by nanoindentation and modeled with molecular dynamics simulations, are also well described by the Guth-Gold classical model for nanoparticle-filled rubbers, which depends on the presence, concentration, and aspect ratio of metal nanoparticles, and not on the physical and chemical modification of the polymeric matrix due to the embedding process. The elastic properties of the nanocomposite can therefore be determined and engineered a priori, by controlling only the nanoparticle concentration.
[Emergencies in the knee joint surgery]. (2006)

Anatomy of the knee joint is one of the most complicated when compared to other joints in the human body. Due to high demands and strong forces acting on the knee joint, it is also one of the most injured joints. Every structure in the joint can be damaged and some of the damages demand earlier treatment. Except intraarticular fractures, stress fractures of the proximal tibia, as a result of lower extremity malalignment, need earlier treatment to prevent the dislocation of the fragments. Damage to the articular cartilage needs earlier treatment due to its tendency to involve wider area of the joint. Meniscus rupture is not an indication for earlier treatment, except a "bucket handle" rupture due to its potential to block the movements of the knee joint. Collateral ligament injury needs early treatment to prevent chronic laxity of the joint. Anterior cruciate ligament early reconstruction in top athletes results in their complete rehabilitation and return to the previous level performance. Total knee replacements may result in a number of complications, some of which need prompt treatment. Septic arthritis is a condition that requires prompt treatment, without any hesitation. Failure of earlier or prompt treatment of the conditions of the knee mentioned in this chapter may result in permanent damage to the knee joint.
The Effect of Accommodative Demand, Motion Parallax and Age on Virtual Object Localizations (1999)

Observers adjusted the position of a physical pointer to localize a computer-generated, space-stabilized, virtual object presented monocularly in a see-through, head-mounted display. Each observer rocked side to side to produce motion parallax to determine the depicted distance of the object. The depicted distance (75 and 113 cm) of the virtual object was specified by motion parallax and accommodative demand. Six younger (18-20 years) and six older (40-70 years) observers participated in the study. Both motion parallax and accommodative demand were independent, significant factors driving the localization of virtual objects. Motion parallax was markedly more influential than accommodative demand. Object localization was not affected significantly by the observers' ages, possibly due to the small change in accommodative demand and the relative strength of motion parallax.
Dopamine Autoreceptor Agonists in the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Major Depression* (1992)

Dopamine autoreceptor agonists reduce the firing rate, synthesis, and release of dopamine in dopaminergic neurons by means of a negative feedback mechanism via stimulation of autoreceptors. Moreover, dopamine autoreceptor agonists are able to stimulate supersensitive but not normosensitive postsynaptic receptors. For dopamine autoreceptor agonists, therapeutic effects by readjustment of excessive or deficient dopaminergic function have been postulated for positive and negative schizophrenic symptomatology as well as for subtypes of depressive disorders. Investigations on the therapeutic effects of autoreceptor-nonselective dopamine agonists in schizophrenia or depression have yielded inconsistent results. In order to reduce the excess of central dopaminergic activity postulated by the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, dopamine autoreceptor agonists have been tested in open clinical trials in positive schizophrenic symptomatology. However, administration of selective dopamine autoreceptor agonists like talipexole or roxindole did not result in a significant improvement of positive psychotic symptoms. In negative schizophrenic symptomatology, a dopamine deficit rather than an excess has been hypothesized. Current evidence from pilot studies suggests that dopamine autoreceptor agonists like roxindole may produce a minor to moderate improvement of symptoms like affective flattening, depressed mood, alogia, and avolition, possibly by stimulation of supersensitive postsynaptic dopamine receptors. For certain subgroups of depression, a reduction of functional dopamine activity has been postulated. In an open pilot study in patients with a major depression, roxindole demonstrated antidepressive properties comparable to those of standard antidepressants, justifying further double-blind controlled trials against reference drugs.
An N=1 superfield action for M2 branes (2008)

We present an octonionic N=1 superfield action that reproduces in components the action of Bagger and Lambert for M2 branes. By giving an expectation value to one of the scalars we obtain the maximally supersymmetric superfield action for D2 branes.
Diaphyseal Derotational Osteotomy With Intramedullary Fixation for Correction of Excessive Femoral Anteversion in Children (2005)

Nearly all children with femoral anteversion spontaneously remodel by age 8. Femoral derotational osteotomies are performed in older children with persistent excessive femoral anteversion when children or adolescents are limited in activities of daily living or sports. Procedures for correction of the anteversion vary, and no one procedure has been shown to be superior. Since 1997 the authors have corrected idiopathic excessive femoral anteversion thorough a diaphyseal osteotomy with fixation using a rigid intramedullary pediatric femoral nail. The purpose of this study was to describe the technique and results of this new technique. A retrospective study was conducted of all femoral derotational osteotomies performed with a pediatric femoral nail in 13 consecutive patients and 21 affected limbs. All patients complained preoperatively of frequent tripping during sports and activities of daily living. The mean preoperative rotation included internal rotation of 77 degrees and external rotation of 15 degrees. Standing AP radiographs of all patients were obtained at final follow-up. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at a minimum of 1 year after surgery. All patients noted improvement in the ability to participate in activities without tripping. No patient limped at final follow-up. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. Healing of the osteotomy was present at a mean of 6 weeks. All osteotomies healed in anatomic alignment. Mean final hip rotation included internal rotation of 40 degrees and external rotation of 57 degrees. No patient had substantial changes of valgus or femoral neck narrowing at final follow-up. Femoral derotational osteotomy with fixation using a small-diameter rigid intramedullary nail placed through the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter is a safe, accurate, and effective method of correcting excessive femoral anteversion in symptomatic children.
Incorporating Peptides in the Outer-Coordination Sphere of Bioinspired Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Production (2011)

Four new cyclic 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane ligands have been prepared and used to synthesize [Ni(P(Ph)(2)N(R)(2))(2)](2+) complexes in which R is a mono- or dipeptide. These complexes represent a first step in the development of an outer-coordination sphere for this class of complexes that can mimic the outer-coordination sphere of the active sites of hydrogenase enzymes. Importantly, these complexes retain the electrocatalytic activity of the parent [Ni(P(Ph)(2)N(Ph)(2))(2)](2+) complex in an acetonitrile solution with turnover frequencies for hydrogen production ranging from 14 to 25 s(-1) in the presence of p-cyanoanilinium trifluoromethanesulfonate and from 135 to 1000 s(-1) in the presence of protonated dimethylformamide, with moderately low overpotentials, ∼0.3 V. The addition of small amounts of water results in rate increases of 2-7 times. Unlike the parent complex, these complexes demonstrate dynamic structural transformations in solution. These results establish a building block from which larger peptide scaffolding can be added to allow the [Ni(P(R)(2)N(R')(2))(2)](2+) molecular catalytic core to begin to mimic the multifunctional outer-coordination sphere of enzymes.
Correction: Niazi, A., Prasher, S.O., Adamowski, J., Gleeson, T. A System Dynamics Model to Conserve Arid Region Water Resources through Aquifer Storage and Recovery in Conjunction with a Dam. Water 2014, 6, 2300–2321 (2014)

We have recently been made aware by Prof. Sharon Megdal (The University of Arizona) and Dr. Peter Dillon (CSIRO) of some errors and omissions in our recent paper [1]. The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper:[...]
A damping injection control of isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters based on the load parameter identification (2014)

In this paper, a damping injection control of isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters based on the load parameter identification is proposed. By setting up the simplified state space average mode in the phase shift control, a damping injection control is designed and analyzed. Compared to the traditional proportional-integral (PI) control, the damping injection control can achieve a better dynamic performance. As the damping injection control depends on the load parameter, an identification function for load parameter is proposed to overcome the disadvantage. Experimental results from a prototype verify the correctness of theoretical analyses, and show the excellent performances of the proposed control method.
Peracid oxidations of cyclopropenes and cyclopropenones (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeracid oxidations of cyclopropenes and cyclopropenonesJack K. Crandall and Woodrow W. Conover IICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 7, 1323–1327Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00401a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00401a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Domain overlap in antiferromagnetically coupled [Co/Pt]/NiO/[Co/Pt] multilayers (2007)

Antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic thin films with perpendicular anisotropy exhibit domain overlap regions originating from magnetostatic stray fields localized in the vicinity of the domain walls. Using high resolution magnetic force microscopy, the authors investigate these overlap regions in [Co/Pt] /NiO/ [Co/Pt] multilayers with various strengths of the interlayer exchange coupling. They develop a simple model that provides a quantitative explanation of the formation of these regions and the relationship between the domain overlap width and the coupling strength. Their results are important for application of magnetic layered structures with perpendicular anisotropy in advanced magnetoresistive devices.
Design and validation of an attitude and heading reference system for an aerial robot prototype (2012)

In this paper we consider the design and the experimental validation of an attitude and heading reference system for a miniature aerial robot prototype based on measurements obtained from a low cost off-the-shelf inertial measurement unit. Different estimation algorithms to process the raw inertial data are implemented and validated in real indoor flight tests by employing, as a reference, the accurate attitude estimation obtained from a vision based motion tracking system. The proposed experiments allow to accurately evaluate the performance of the different estimation algorithms and the effects of disturbances, such as vehicle accelerations, vibrations and non ideal magnetic fields, in a typical scenario of application for the considered unmanned vehicle prototype.