gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Force Spectroscopy of the Plasmodium falciparum Vaccine Candidate Circumsporozoite Protein Suggests a Mechanically Pliable Repeat Region (2016)

The most effective vaccine candidate of malaria is based on the <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> circumsporozoite protein (CSP), a major surface protein implicated in the structural strength, motility, and immune evasion properties of the infective sporozoites. It is suspected that reversible conformational changes of CSP are required for infection of the mammalian host, but the detailed structure and dynamic properties of CSP remain incompletely understood, limiting our understanding of its function in the infection. Here, we report the structural and mechanical properties of the CSP studied using single-molecule force spectroscopy on several constructs, one including the central region of CSP, which is rich in NANP amino acid repeats (CSP<sub>rep</sub>), and a second consisting of a near full-length sequence without the signal and anchor hydrophobic domains (CSP<sub>ΔHP</sub>). Our results show that the CSP<sub>rep</sub> is heterogeneous, with 40% of molecules requiring virtually no mechanical force to unfold (<10 piconewtons (pN)), suggesting that these molecules are mechanically compliant and perhaps act as entropic springs, whereas the remaining 60% are partially structured with low mechanical resistance (∼70 pN). CSP<sub>ΔHP</sub> having multiple force peaks suggests specifically folded domains, with two major populations possibly indicating the open and collapsed forms. Our findings suggest that the overall low mechanical resistance of the repeat region, exposed on the outer surface of the sporozoites, combined with the flexible full-length conformations of CSP, may provide the sporozoites not only with immune evasion properties, but also with lubricating capacity required during its navigation through the mosquito and vertebrate host tissues. We anticipate that these findings would further assist in the design and development of future malarial vaccines.
Diaryl Substituted Pyrrolidinones and Pyrrolones as 5‐HT2C Inhibitors: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Numerical Investigation of Axial Thrust Control in a Multistage Canned-Motor Pump With Pump-Out-Vanes (2021)

Abstract Axial thrust is one of the critical factors that affect the pump’s continuously operating reliability. Among all the available methods for axial thrust controlling, Pump Out Vanes (POVs) are an easy and effective way. Different from a single-stage pump with a scroll, an in-line multistage pump will have a leakage flow channel from the return channel. With this leakage channel, the working environment of the POVs will be significantly different from a single-stage pump. In this paper, the first stage of a multistage pump with both POVs and casing ribs (vortex breakers) is studied by CFD simulation to evaluate their effect on the axial thrust, pump stage performance, and the internal leakage flow. Because of the similar POV working environment in the multistage pump, the conclusion from one stage can be generalized for the rest stages. In this study, 5 models with different POV outer radius and height are simulated in Ansys Fluent with k-ε turbulence model and transient rotor-stator sliding mesh method. The results show that POVs with suitable geometry can provide good axial thrust control over a wide pump operating range while the stage efficiency can be strongly affected due to the increased turbulence and interstage leakage flow, which is contradicting some previous researcher’s conclusion based on the study of a single-stage centrifugal pump.
In Vitro Propagation of Dicentra spectabilis1 (1982)

Abstract Tissue culture propagation of Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem. was achieved by proliferation of 2.0- to 2.5-cm-long shoot tips placed on solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins medium containing 2.0 mg/liter kinetin. Each shoot tip yielded a 50-fold increase within 6 weeks. Proliferated shoots rooted 100% in 25 days on MS medium containing selected levels of either indolebutyric acid (IBA) or naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Optimum transfer of rooted shoots to the greenhouse occurred when an initial high humidity was followed by a gradual reduction over 5–7 days in the ambient environment.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Brevetoxin‐B. Part 1. Stereoselective Synthesis of the ABC‐Ring System. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Near-field optical spectroscopy with 20 nm spatial resolution (2003)

A near-field optical method is introduced that makes use of the strongly enhanced electric field close to a sharply pointed metal tip under laser illumination. The tip is held a few nanometers above the sample surface so that a highly localized interaction between the enhanced field and the sample is achieved. The method has been successfully combined with vibrational spectroscopy by making use of the well-known effect of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We mapped out the vibrational modes of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) with a resolution better than 20 nm. The technique has great potential for becoming a routine tool for the chemical analysis of surfaces at high spatial resolution.
Interrelation of motility, cytoskeletal organization and gap junctional communication with invasiveness of melanocytic cells in vitro. (1997)

Intercellular communication and the active movement of malignant cells into and through host tissue barriers play a critical role during the complex process of tumor invasion. Motile activity, cytoskeletal actin and vinculin organization as well as gap junctional communication of in vivo benign and malignant melanocytes were compared and related to in vitro invasiveness. Normal melanocytes, Melan-a, showed significantly less motile activity, a higher organization of the actin cytoskeleton and more vinculin-containing cell-substratum adhesion plaques than highly metastatic melanoma cells, K1735-M2. There was no pronounced difference in gap junctional communication under comparable culture conditions. However, cultivation of Melan-a cells in a conventional melanocyte growth medium containing the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) enhanced intercellular communication. Melanocytes were less invasive than melanoma cells both in the embryonic chick heart model and in the Matrigel invasion assay. The least invasive activity was determined for melanocytes cultivated in TPA-deficient medium indicating that the medium supplement TPA stimulates invasion. The comparison of certain in vitro properties of both melanocytic cell lines revealed a positive correlation of motility with in vitro invasion, whereas an inverse correlation was found for the degree of actin filament organization as well as for the number of vinculin plaques. Gap junctional communication was not directly related to in vitro invasiveness.
Cyanides in the environment—analysis—problems and challenges (2017)

Cyanide toxicity and their environmental impact are well known. Nevertheless, they are still used in the mining, galvanic and chemical industries. As a result of industrial activities, cyanides are released in various forms to all elements of the environment. In a natural environment, cyanide exists as cyanogenic glycosides in plants seeds. Too much consumption can cause unpleasant side effects. However, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is the most common source of cyanide. Live organisms have the ability to convert cyanide into less toxic compounds excreted with physiological fluids. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of knowledge on the behaviour of cyanide in the environment and its impact on the health and human life.
Experimental evaluation of Physically Unclonable Functions in 65 nm CMOS (2012)

We present a silicon characterization vehicle implementing six different constructions of intrinsic Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs). The design contains four different memory-based PUFs, one of which is a novel buskeeper PUF, and two different delay-based PUFs. Test chips are fabricated in 65 nm Low Power (LP) technology, using a standard cell ASIC design flow for the memory-based PUFs and a full custom flow for the delay-based ones. This test vehicle enables a comprehensive experimental evaluation of individual PUF implementations as well as a comparative analysis across different PUF types for the same silicon technology. PUF responses are obtained from 192 device samples and the uniqueness and reliability of the implemented PUFs are evaluated. In addition, the effects of varying temperature and silicon device ageing on the PUF characteristics are extensively studied.
Fundus Autofluorescence Captured With a Nonmydriatic Retinal Camera in Vegetarians Versus Nonvegetarians (2015)

Our preliminary results show that in this cohort, vegetarians had statistically significant lower levels of autofluorescence. These findings can have potential implications regarding long-term retinal health and risk for developing certain diseases over decades in subjects at risk for vision-threatening diseases.
A novel DC-cancellation architecture for direct conversion receivers (2004)

A master-slave DC-cancellation system, that allows reduction of built-in low-frequency noise inherent to a direct conversion receiver at the baseband level, has been studied and designed. The system can ideally totally cancel the noise produced by the local oscillator leakage to the antenna, as well as the flicker noise provided by the down-converters. The system features an analog dummy loop used to collect the leakage and reproduce the flicker noise. Using the same structure as the useful path, it is able to subtract noise by integration and re-injection into the system. The performances of the system are limited only by the gain mismatches between the dummies and the paths they correct as well as leakage or noise mismatches between them. A study of nonidealities is also performed.
Influenza vaccine production : flow cytometric monitoring of apoptosis and virus protein production in mammalian cell culture (2007)

Today, human influenza vaccines are still mainly produced in embryonated henâs eggs. However, strong efforts are put into the development of cell culture-based vaccine production systems to overcome limitations and drawbacks of this production system. In cell culture-based vaccine production cellular physiology during infection is of great importance for process characterization and subsequent optimization approaches. The use of flow cytometry offers a powerful tool to monitor and correlate several physiological parameters on a single-cell level. Here, we present flow cytometric data on the replication of human influenza A virus in adherent Madin-Darby canine kidney cells in lab-scale stirred-tank bioreactors. Physiological parameters of interest are apoptosis, status of infection and viral nucleoprotein content per cell. For the quantification of cellular infection status and content of viral nucleoprotein in the host-cells we established a sensitive immunocytometric detection method. In contrast to virus titration methods, this single cell-based immunocytometry is independent of dilution series and the number of infected cells. This is of interest especially in case of vaccine production processes, which are typically initiated at low multiplicities of infection. Apoptotic cell death occurring during virus propagation was measured via DNA strand breaks and pancaspase activity. Results obtained from monitoring vaccine production processes confirm a close correlation of apoptosis and influenza virus infection. Separate analysis of adherent and detached cell populations showed strong differences regarding status of infection and degree of apoptosis. The extend of apoptosis induction was found to be strongly dependent on culture conditions during the virus propagation phase. Based on these results, options to influence cell physiology to increase overall virus yields are being investigated. Together with mathematical models using population balances a better understanding of infection dynamics and host-cell interaction should be obtained to support a quantitative prediction of process behaviour and systematic process optimization [1]. [1] Sidorenko, Y., Schulze-Horsel, J., Voigt, A., Reichl, U., Kienle, A., 2007, Stochastic population balance modeling of influenza virus replication in vaccine production processes, submitted
Magnetic Detection Structure for LOC Immunoassays, Multiphysics Simulations and Experimental Results (2017)

The aim of this work is to develop a completely integrated Lab-On-Chip (LOC) for easy, rapid and cost-effective immunoassays. The pathogen sensing system is composed of a microfluidic channel surrounded by planar microcoils which are responsible for the emission and the detection of magnetic fields. The system allows the detection and quantification of superparamagnetic beads used for immunoassays in a “sandwich” antigen-antibody configuration. Multiphysics simulations have been achieved and preliminary experimental results have allowed to validate the structure.
Olefin Chlorination in Homogeneous Aqueous Copper Chloride Solutions (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOlefin Chlorination in Homogeneous Aqueous Copper Chloride SolutionsM. L. Spector, Heinz Heinemann, and K. D. MillerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1967, 6, 3, 327–331Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260023a012https://doi.org/10.1021/i260023a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Thermally constrained motor operation for a climbing robot (2009)

Climbing robots are especially susceptible to thermal overload during normal operation, due to the need to oppose gravity and to frequently apply internal forces for clinging. As an alternative to setting conservative limits on the motor peak and average current, we investigate methods for measuring motor temperatures, predicting motor thermal conditions and generating thermally constrained behavior. A thermal model, verified using empirical data, predicts the motor's winding temperature based on measured case temperature and input current. We also present a control strategy that maximizes robot velocity while satisfying a constraint on the maximum permissible motor winding temperature.
Scope and limitations of the dual-gold-catalysed hydrophenoxylation of alkynes (2016)

Due to the synthetic advantages presented by the dual-gold-catalysed hydrophenoxylation of alkynes, a thorough study of this reaction was carried out in order to fully define the scope and limitations of the methodology. The protocol tolerates a wide range of functional groups, such as nitriles, ketones, esters, aldehydes, ketals, naphthyls, allyls or polyphenols, in a milder and more efficient manner than the previously reported methodologies. We have also identified that while we are able to use highly steric hindered phenols, small changes on the steric bulk of the alkynes have a dramatic effect on the reactivity. More importantly, we have observed that the use of substrates that facilitate the formation of diaurated species such as gem-diaurated or σ,π-digold-acetylide species, hinder the catalytic activity. Moreover, we have identified that the use of directing groups in unsymmetrical alkynes can help to achieve high regioselectivity in the hydrophenoxylation.
Polynomial Transformer (1985)

Any relations among finite fields can be transformed to a unique polynomial of one variable using Galois Fields. In this paper, we explain the design for a "Polynomial Transformer" which executes the transformation. Polynomial Transformer consists of very simple and iterative logic, and it is very suitable for parallel and pipelined VLSI algorithm. Moreover, three dimensional construction of a Polynomial Transformer is possible. Thus, it serves as an example of a typical three dimensional VLSI. Its application can be found in Polynomial Transformation, disturbance of data and so on.
Schéma De Volumes Finis en Interaction Fluide/Structure: Faisabilité et Application L'écoulement Vasculaire (1995)

"Schéma De Volumes Finis en Interaction Fluide/Structure: Faisabilité et Application L'écoulement Vasculaire." Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 103(3), p. C76
High-efficiency single-order waveguide grating coupler (1990)

High-efficiency single-order grating coupling between an optical waveguided mode and a volume wave is achieved by means of a double-sided corrugated cover film that has phase-shifted undulations. A greater than 90% outcoupling ratio into air is demonstrated for weakly guiding ion-exchanged waveguides. The conditions for efficient coupling and the tolerances on them are established.
Two-Dimensional Localization: Low-Rank Matrix Completion With Random Sampling in Massive MIMO System (2020)

In this paper, random sampling is considered for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation with reduced hardware complexity in massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The resulting problem is that the accuracy of the existing DOA estimators will significantly degrade with the availability of only a small subset of data entries as the low date rate is employed to reduce the system power consumption. To address that, an efficient approach based on the variant of matrix factorization is devised to complete the underlying data matrix. As a result, the nominal azimuth and elevation DOAs with the corresponding angular spreads are estimated from the underlying data matrix. Numerical results demonstrate that even in the case of missing entries, the proposed method is superior to the existing approaches with full data.
Negative regulation of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in B cells (2006)

Both class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) of the Ig genes require the activity of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Expression of AID is restricted to B cells in the germinal centers of the lymphoid organs, where activated B cells undergo CSR and SHM. We previously showed that constitutive and systemic expression of AID leads to tumorigenesis in T cells and lung epithelium, but not in B cells. This finding led us to suspect that transgenic AID may be inactivated at least in part in B cells. To address this issue, we generated conditional AID-transgenic mice that constitutively express AID only in B cells. Studies on the cross between the AID-transgenic and AID-deficient mice showed that abundant AID protein accumulated by constitutive expression is inactivated in B cells, possibly providing an explanation for the absence of deregulation of CSR and SHM in AID-transgenic B cells.
Systems Thinking, Systems Practice (1981)

Whether by design, accident or merely synchronicity, Checkland appears to have developed a habit of writing seminal publications near the start of each decade which establish the basis and framework for systems methodology research for that decade.ii Hamish Rennie, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1992 Thirty years ago Peter Checkland set out to test whether the Systems Engineering (SE) approach, highly successful in technical problems, could be used by managers coping with the unfolding complexities of organizational life. The straightforward transfer of SE to the broader situations of management was not possible, but by insisting on a combination of systems thinking strongly linked to real-world practice Checkland and his collaborators developed an alternative approach - Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) - which enables managers of all kinds and at any level to deal with the subtleties and confusions of the situations they face. This work established the now accepted distinction between hard systems thinking, in which parts of the world are taken to be systems which can be engineered, and soft systems thinking in which the focus is on making sure the process of inquiry into real-world complexity is itself a system for learning. Systems Thinking, Systems Practice (1981) and Soft Systems Methodology in Action (1990) together with an earlier paper Towards a Systems-based Methodology for Real-World Problem Solving (1972) have long been recognized as classics in the field. Now Peter Checkland has looked back over the three decades of SSM development, brought the account of it up to date, and reflected on the whole evolutionary process which has produced a mature SSM. SSM: A 30-Year Retrospective, here included with Systems Thinking, Systems Practice closes a chapter on what is undoubtedly the most significant single research programme on the use of systems ideas in problem solving. Now retired from full-time university work, Peter Checkland continues his research as a Leverhulme Emeritus Fellow.
On the Capacity of Sticky Storage Devices (1984)

When required to make a transition to a new state, a memory cell may, with a probability dependent on the state, refuse to do so (i.e., “stick”). Assuming that error correcting codes can be used at each write-read cycle, one seeks the maximum error-free (in the Shannon sense), long-term average capacity per cell and cycle. This problem is solved here for binary cells with either unilateral or symmetric stickiness. The methods used apply to more general cases as well. In the Appendix, some essential inequalities of dynamic programming are demonstrated.