gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tris-HCL buffer pH 9.5 mixed with 5% urea used for antigen retrieval immunohistochemistry (1995)

The antigen retrieval (AR) method plays an important role in the high temperature heating AR immunohistochemistry (IHC). It has been demonstrated that the temperature, heating time and pH value of the AR solution are critical factors in determining the effectiveness of AR-IHC(1,2). For example, the intensity of AR-IHC staining of certain antibodies varies greatly according to the pH value of AR solution (2). Although the original discussed metal solution gave good results of AR-IHC (3,4), the potential for toxicity caused concern. A variety of other AR solutions have been tested as possible replacements for the metal solution, in the hope of obtaining better AR-IHC staining results without toxic side effects. Reports include the use of citrate buffer pH 6, urea, and a commercial ‘TUP’ solution. Currently, citrate buffer pH 6 is the most commonly used AR solution. We have posed the question as to whether this is the optimal AR solution for most antibodies used in surgical pathology.
New model reduction scheme for bilinear systems (1994)

A new method for the approximation of bilinear systems is proposed. The reduction scheme applies to both stable and unstable bilinear systems. The technique uses generalized input normal representations to retain the dominant part of the original system. The algorithm is evaluated on a synchronous induction generator and is shown to lead to acceptable reduced approximations of the original system. A frequency weighting is also introduced in the reduction scheme to further improve the approximation.
Multiple and fractional voltage conversion ratios for switched-capacitor resonant converters (2002)

A family of power converter circuits based on classical switched-capacitor and zero-current switching resonant techniques is presented. This family of circuits has a number of topologies which provides different voltage conversion ratios, including step-up, step down and inverting. Fractional and multiple ratios as well as multiple output voltages can also be produced.
Dynamics of carbon formation during the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of raw bio-oil (2020)

The formation, growth and transformation of carbon residue (coke) deposited on the catalyst during the raw bio-oil hydrodeoxygenation has been studied.
The Effect Of Beta-alanine And Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation On Muscle Composition And Exercise Performance (2005)

Carnosine (Carn) is found predominantly in type II muscle fibres contributing to H+ buffering and possibly to increased Ca2+ sensitivity. Carn is synthesised in muscle from Beta-Alanine (ß-Ala) and Histidine (His) of which ß-Ala is limiting. ß-Ala is obtained from in-vivo ex-muscle synthesis and meat ingestion. We have previously reported a 64% increase in Carn with 4 weeks ß-Ala supplementation. PURPOSE To investigate if ß-Ala supplementation affects the capacity to undertake intense exercise in comparison to, and in combination with, creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation. METHODS Forty male subjects [mean (SD)] aged 25.2 (6.6) yrs; height 1.79 (0.07) m; mass 76.5 (11.3) kg were assigned to receive A) ß-Ala (4.0g. d-1 during week 1 increasing to 6.4g.d−1 at week 4), B) ß-Ala (same dose) and 20g.d-1 CrM during week 4, C) Placebo or D) 20g.d−1 CrM during week 4. In groups A and B, 6 of the 10 subjects continued ß-Ala supplementation until 10 weeks; additionally CrM was given during week 10 in groups B and D. Work done (WD) during cycling to exhaustion at 110% of previously estimated 'power max' was measured at 0, 4 and 10 weeks using an SRM ergometer. Biopsies of the v. lateralis were taken at these times from 4x6 subjects and analysed for Carn and total creatine (TCr). RESULTS Mean (SE) muscle Carn, prior to supplementation, was 23.62 (1.02) mmol.kg−1.dm. The mean (SE) changes following 4 & 10 weeks supplementation were A: +13.82 (1.15) & +17.16 (1.33), and, B:+1 1.86 (0.69) & +17.34 (1.03) mmol.kg−1.dm. Carn was unchanged in groups C and D. TCr was increased in groups B and D but was unchanged in groups A and C. Initial WD of all subjects was 55.49 (1.84 kJ). The mean (SE) changes (kJ) after 4 & 10 weeks supplementation were A:+8.13(0.81) & +8.86 (1.71); B: +6.07 (0.89) & +9.77 (1.29); C: −0.75 (0.25) & -0.59 (0.31): D: +6.28 (1.51) & +7.26 (1.93). Groups A, B and D completed significantly more work than group C (P<0.05) at 4 weeks. There was no significant difference between groups A, B and D. CONCLUSION Work done was significantly increased with ß-Ala and CrM supplementation, although the effects did not appear to be additive. Supported by research grant from NAI, San Marcos, Ca, USA
Cycle-accurate performance modelling in an ultra-fast just-in-time dynamic binary translation instruction set simulator (2010)

Instruction set simulators (ISS) are vital tools for compiler and processor architecture design space exploration and verification. State-of-the-art simulators using just-in-time (JIT) dynamic binary translation (DBT) techniques are able to simulate complex embedded processors at speeds above 500 MIPS. However, these functional ISS do not provide microarchitectural observability. In contrast, low-level cycle-accurate ISS are too slow to simulate full-scale applications, forcing developers to revert to FPGA-based simulations. In this paper we demonstrate that it is possible to run ultra-high speed cycle-accurate instruction set simulations surpassing FPGA-based simulation speeds. We extend the JIT DBT engine of our ISS and augment JIT generated code with a verified cycle-accurate processor model. Our approach can model any microarchitectural configuration, does not rely on prior profiling, instrumentation, or compilation, and works for all binaries targeting a state-of-the-art embedded processor implementing the ARCompact™ instruction set architecture (ISA). We achieve simulation speeds up to 63 MIPS on a standard ×86 desktop computer, whilst the average cycle-count deviation is less than 1.5% for the industry standard EEMBC and COREMARK benchmark suites.
Binding and internalization of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin by epithelial cells (1996)

Many Helicobacter pylori strains produce a cytotoxin (VacA) that induces vacuolation in epithelial cells. In this study, binding and internalization of the cytotoxin by HeLa or AGS (human gastric adenocarcinoma) cells were characterized by indirect fluorescence microscopy. Cells incubated with the cytotoxin at 4 degrees C displayed a uniform fluorescent plasma membrane signal. Preincubation of the cytotoxin with either rabbit antiserum to approximately 90-kDa H. pylori VacA or sera from H. pylori-infected persons inhibited its binding to cells and blocked its capacity to induce cytoplasmic vacuolation. Recombinant VacA fragments (approximately 34 and approximately 58 kDa), corresponding to two proteolytic cleavage products of approximately 90-kDa VacA, each bound to the plasma membrane of HeLa cells. Antiserum reactive with the approximately 58-kDa VacA fragment inhibited the binding of native H. pylori cytotoxin to cells and inhibited cytotoxin activity, whereas antiserum to the approximately 34-kDa fragment had no effect. When incubated with cells at 37 degrees C for > or = 3 h, the H. pylori cytotoxin localized intracellularly in a perinuclear location but did not localize within cytotoxin-induced vacuoles. When cells with previously bound cytotoxin were incubated with anticytotoxin serum at 4 degrees C and then shifted to 37 degrees C, vacuolation was completely inhibited. Bound cytotoxin became inaccessible to the neutralizing effects of antiserum after 60 to 120 min of incubation with cells at 37 degrees C. These data suggest a model in which (i) VacA binds to cells primarily via amino acid sequences in its 58-kDa fragment, (ii) VacA internalization occurs slowly in a temperature-dependent process, and (iii) VacA interacts with an intracellular target.
Regioselective Metalation of 2-Phenyloxazolo[4,5-b]pyridines and -[5,4-b]pyridines: Functionalization at the 7-Position (1992)

2-Phenyloxazolo[4,5-b]pyridines 1 and -[5,4-b]pyridines 4 were functionalized at the 7-position with various electrophiles in good yield. The secondary alcohols 3a,b and 6a,b were oxidized to the corresponding ketones 7a,b and 8a,b with manganese dioxide in high yield.
Atomic structures of hydrogen-terminated Si(001) surfaces after wet cleaning by scanning tunneling microscopy (1998)

Scanning tunneling microscopy observations are performed on a H-terminated Si(001) surface treated with HF solutions and ultrapure water with very low dissolved oxygen and total organic carbon contents. Over a large area, row structures are observed in [110] and [11̄0] directions. Pyramidal-shaped etch pits are also observed, which are caused by anisotropic etching by OH ions. Detailed images clearly show 2×1 periodic structures. It is suggested that every other row of the ideally dihydride 1×1 surface is etched preferentially by OH ions. This explains the mechanism by which the smallest etch pits are formed.
Vender o seguir: la decisión empresarial (2000)

<b>Background</b> Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery (VPS) are used for the surgical management of pediatric hydrocephalus. There is controversy regarding the safety and efficacy of these procedures according to age, etiologies, and type of hydrocephalus. <b>Objective</b> The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes and complications of ETV and VPS in pediatric hydrocephalus and to evaluate the better procedure. <b>Material and Methods</b> We retrospectively analyzed the pediatric hydrocephalus cases that were operated by ETV and VPS at our department from June 2016 to June 2019. Data were analyzed with respect to the etiology of hydrocephalus, age, and gender of the patients. We compared the outcomes (success and failure) depending on age at surgery, etiology, and type of hydrocephalus, complications at 12 months of follow-up. Fisher's exact test and chi-square test were applied to test the significance of difference. <b>Results</b> There were 195 pediatric hydrocephalus cases, which were operated by ETV ( <i>n</i> = 43; 22.05%) and VPS ( <i>n</i> = 152; 77.95%). The mean age of the cases was 53.63 ± 60.24 (ranged 0.5-204 months) in the ETV group and 53.44 ± 54.10 (ranged 0.3-210 months) in the VPS group. The male-to-female ratio was 1.41:1 in the ETV group and 1.21: 1 in the VPS group. Overall, ETV had successful outcomes in 30(69.77%) cases and VPS in 102(67.11%) cases at 12 months of follow-up. The complication rates were found in 7 (16.28%) cases in the ETV group and 38 (25.0%) cases in the VPS group. At initial 0.5 months of follow-up, ETV required revisions in 6 (13.95%) cases and VPS in 15 (9.87%) cases. <b>Conclusion</b> Although the success and failure of both the procedure vary according to the age at surgery, etiology and type of hydrocephalus, and complications, and failure rates on follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences between the two surgical groups in respect to these variables.
Supplementary Figure S2 from The IGF-Trap: Novel Inhibitor of Carcinoma Growth and Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The native sIGFIR decoy protein blocks IGF-I and IGF-II mediated functions in vitro&lt;/p&gt;
Applications of Natural, Semi-Synthetic, and Synthetic Polymers in Cosmetic Formulations (2020)

Cosmetics composed of synthetic and/or semi-synthetic polymers, associated or not with natural polymers, exhibit a dashing design, with thermal and chemo-sensitive properties. Cosmetic polymers are also used for the preparation of nanoparticles for the delivery of, e.g., fragrances, with the purpose to modify their release profile and also reducing the risk of evaporation. Besides, other cosmetically active nutrients, dermal permeation enhancers, have also been loaded into nanoparticles to improve their bioactivities on the skin. The use of natural polymers in cosmetic formulations is of particular relevance because of their biocompatible, safe, and eco-friendly character. These formulations are highly attractive and marketable to consumers, and are suitable for a plethora of applications, including make-up, skin, and hair care, and as modifiers and stabilizers. In this review, natural synthetic, semi-synthetic, and synthetic polymers are discussed considering their properties for cosmetic applications. Their uses in conventional and novel formulations are also presented.
Post Decomposition Effect of Water Hyacinth on Marine Phytoplankton-A Laboratory Study (2018)

Solutions obtained from post decomposition of different parts of water hyacinth were diluted with filtered seawater into different concentration (10%, 40%, and 60%) and used for the culture of Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira subtilis . The solutions significantly affected the biomass growth of S. costatum and T. subtilis . Highest growth of S. costatum was recorded in leaf decomposed solution followed by petiole decomposed solution. High biomass growth of T. subtilis was recorded in the culture containing solution obtained from decomposed root. The diluted solution (40%) obtained from decomposed leaf significantly affected S. costatum growth (39.3 mg.l -1 ) after 3 days, while the diluted solution (10%) of decomposed root showed significant growth of T. subtilis (8.5 mg.l -1 ) after 5 days. High biomass growth of the culture might be due to high nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphate and silicate content in the solution. Considering the bloom forming nature of this phytoplankton species and its ability to take advantage of transient nutrient flux, the study indicated a high probability of bloom occurring post macrophyte decomposition.
Dixon-VIBE Deep Learning (DIVIDE) Pseudo-CT Synthesis for Pelvis PET/MR Attenuation Correction (2018)

Whole-body attenuation correction (AC) is still challenging in combined PET/MR scanners. We describe Dixon-VIBE Deep Learning (DIVIDE), a deep-learning network that allows synthesizing pelvis pseudo-CT maps based only on the standard Dixon volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (Dixon-VIBE) images currently acquired for AC in some commercial scanners. <b>Methods:</b> We propose a network that maps between the four 2-dimensional (2D) Dixon MR images (water, fat, in-phase, and out-of-phase) and their corresponding 2D CT image. In contrast to previous methods, we used transposed convolutions to learn the up-sampling parameters, we used whole 2D slices to provide context information, and we pretrained the network with brain images. Twenty-eight datasets obtained from 19 patients who underwent PET/CT and PET/MR examinations were used to evaluate the proposed method. We assessed the accuracy of the μ-maps and reconstructed PET images by performing voxel- and region-based analysis comparing the SUVs (in g/mL) obtained after AC using the Dixon-VIBE (PET<sub>Dixon</sub>), DIVIDE (PET<sub>DIVIDE</sub>), and CT-based (PET<sub>CT</sub>) methods. Additionally, the bias in quantification was estimated in synthetic lesions defined in the prostate, rectum, pelvis, and spine. <b>Results:</b> Absolute mean relative change values relative to CT AC were lower than 2% on average for the DIVIDE method in every region of interest except for bone tissue, where it was lower than 4% and 6.75 times smaller than the relative change of the Dixon method. There was an excellent voxel-by-voxel correlation between PET<sub>CT</sub> and PET<sub>DIVIDE</sub> (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9998, <i>P</i> < 0.01). The Bland-Altman plot between PET<sub>CT</sub> and PET<sub>DIVIDE</sub> showed that the average of the differences and the variability were lower (mean PET<sub>CT</sub>-PET<sub>DIVIDE</sub> SUV, 0.0003; PET<sub>CT</sub>-PET<sub>DIVIDE</sub> SD, 0.0094; 95% confidence interval, [-0.0180,0.0188]) than the average of differences between PET<sub>CT</sub> and PET<sub>Dixon</sub> (mean PET<sub>CT</sub>-PET<sub>Dixon</sub> SUV, 0.0006; PET<sub>CT</sub>-PET<sub>Dixon</sub> SD, 0.0264; 95% confidence interval, [-0.0510,0.0524]). Statistically significant changes in PET data quantification were observed between the 2 methods in the synthetic lesions, with the largest improvement in femur and spine lesions. <b>Conclusion:</b> The DIVIDE method can accurately synthesize a pelvis pseudo-CT scan from standard Dixon-VIBE images, allowing for accurate AC in combined PET/MR scanners. Additionally, our implementation allows rapid pseudo-CT synthesis, making it suitable for routine applications and even allowing retrospective processing of Dixon-VIBE data.
The German Bitumen Forum—Cooperation in Partnership (2006)

Received 8 September 2005; in final form 15 December 2005; published online 18 May 2006Some substances are familiar only to those who workin certain industries. Bitumen is something that wehave all seen applied in road repair, and we may beaware of less obvious uses. Studies on it are fre-quently reported in this journal, often with emphasison polyaromatic hydrocarbon exposure (e.g. Burstynetal.,2002;McCleanetal.,2004a,b;Va¨a¨na¨nenetal.,2005). In June 2006, bitumen is the subject of aconference in Dresden organized by ACGIH and aCommission of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinsch-aft (DFG) (http://www.acgih.org/events/course/asphalt.htm). In Germany, the substance has becomean example of cooperative venture between industryand regulators, and in this commentary we attempt tosummarize what has taken place. One consequenceis a wide-ranging study of exposure, a total of1272 samples of vapours and aerosols of hot bitumengatheredbetween1991and2005,whichisreportedinthis issue (Ru¨hl et al., 2006).We will follow the European convention of using‘asphalt’ to refer to a mixture of organic binder(‘bitumen’) and filler such as sand or gravel.In Germany the legally binding standards are thelimit values and classifications published in theTRGS (Technical rules for hazardous substances).For a long time, bitumen was classified in theTRGS as a suspected carcinogen, which meant thatit was also automatically included in the DFG’sannual ‘List of occupational exposure limit (MAK)and biological monitoring guidance (BAT) values’,where it was listed as a suspected carcinogen from1977 onwards. However, it did not appear in theEuropean Union carcinogen lists. In the mid-1990sthis national carcinogenicity classification wasexamined, and also the exposure limits in air forvapours and aerosols released from work with hotbitumen.The new German threshold limits for vapours andaerosols of bitumen were assigned in autumn 1996.The Hazardous Substances Committee (AGS)decided that the threshold limit of 15 mg m
La omnipresencia de la mímesis en la obra de Manuel Puig: análisis de cuatro novelas (2004)

"La omnipresencia de la mímesis en la obra de Manuel Puig: análisis de cuatro novelas." Hispanic Research Journal, 5(3), pp. 281–282
On the covariance of ICP-based scan-matching techniques (2016)

This paper considers the problem of estimating the covariance of roto-translations computed by the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. The problem is relevant for localization of mobile robots and vehicles equipped with depth-sensing cameras (e.g., Kinect) or Lidar (e.g., Velodyne). The closed-form formulas for covariance proposed in previous literature generally build upon the fact that the solution to ICP is obtained by minimizing a linear least-squares problem. In this paper, we show this approach needs caution because the rematching step of the algorithm is not explicitly accounted for, and applying it to the point-to-point version of ICP leads to completely erroneous covariances. We then provide a formal mathematical proof why the approach is valid in the point-to-plane version of ICP, which validates the intuition and experimental results of practitioners.
Differential Chemical Derivatization Integrated with Chromatographic Separation for Analysis of Isomeric Sialylated N-Glycans: A Nano-Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-MS Platform (2013)

MS analysis of sialylated glycans is challenging due to their low ionization efficiency in positive ion mode as well as the possibility of in-source fragmentation. Chemical derivatization strategies have been developed to address this issue focused on removal of the labile acidic proton prior to MS analysis. Highly sialylated negatively charged glycans also exhibit high retention and unsatisfactory separation efficiency when analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) due to their high polarity. Here, we combined linkage specific derivatization of sialic acids by reaction with the condensation reagent 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMT-MM) in methanol with nanoscale liquid chromatographic separation prior to accurate mass Orbitrap MS analysis. Coupling DMT-MM charge neutralization of sialic acids with nano-HILIC-Orbitrap-MS not only allows for linkage specific characterization of sialylated glycans directly from the precursor mass but also improves the preceding HILIC separation by increasing the hydrophobicity and altering the selectivity of the oligosaccharide analytes. We focused on the trisialylated N-glycan fraction from haptoglobin and human plasma, enriched using weak anion exchange chromatography, as this trisialylated fraction has been linked with cancer associated changes in the serum N-glycome. The developed methodology was applied to investigate whether structural alterations in this oligosaccharide pool, enriched from the sera of pathological stage and sex matched patients bearing lung, breast, ovarian, pancreatic, or gastric cancer, demonstrate any degree of cancer specificity or whether changes in expression levels are purely cancer associated. The results of this pilot study indicate limited degrees of cancer specificity, particularly for pancreatic cancer, based on alterations in the relative abundance of specific trisialylated isomers.
Identification of a tyrosine residue at a nucleotide binding site in the beta subunit of the mitochondrial ATPase with p-fluorosulfonyl[14C]-benzoyl-5'-adenosine. (1978)

The mitochondrial F1-ATPase is irreversibly inactivated by the adenine nucleotide analogue, p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl-5'-adenosine. This inactivation is partly prevented by the presence of bound adenine nucleotides. Inactivations of the ATPase with p-fluorosulfonyl[14C]benzoyl-5'-adenosine were most efficiently accomplished with the nucleotide-free enzyme at pH 7.0, in a buffer containing 20% glycerol. Under these conditions, 4.2 g atoms of 14C are incorporated per 350,000 g of enzyme when the ATPase is inactivated by 90% by its reaction with 2 mM p-fluorosulfonyl[14C]benzoyl-5'-adenosine. Isolation of the component polypeptide chains of the labeled ATPase showed that all of the radioactivity was associated with the two largest subunits. The isolated alpha subunit contained 0.45 g atom of 14C/mol and the isolated beta subunit contained 0.88 g atom of 14C/mol. Hence, the inactivation can be correlated with the incorporation of 14C into the beta subunit. This suggests that the hydrolytic site of the enzyme resides on this subunit. The majority of the radioactivity in a tryptic digest of labeled beta subunit is contained ina tryptic peptide that has the following amino acid sequence: Ile-Met-Asp-Pro-Asn-Ile-Val-Gly-Ser-Glu-His-Tyr-Asp-Val-Ala-Arg, where Tyr is the radioactive derivative of the tyrosine residue that was sulfonylated during the inactivation.
Determination of three isomers for cresol, toluic acid, and toluidine by nuclear magneticresonance (1974)

クレゾール,トルイル酸およびトルイジンのオルト,メタ,パラ異性体の定量を核磁気共鳴法によって行なった.クレゾール0.5g/mlの2N水酸化ナトリウム溶液,トルイル酸0.5g/mlの4N水酸化ナトリウム溶液,およびトルイジン0.5g/mlの4N塩酸溶液について,各異性体のメチルピークを測定すると,ピークは鋭い単一線となり,低磁場側からオルト,メタ,パラの順に分離した.各メチルピークの分離は,クレゾールでオルト-メタ間0.06ppm,メタ-パラ間0.05ppm,トルイル酸でオルト-メタ間0.18ppm,メタ-パラ間0.06ppm,トルイジンでオルト-メタ間0.12ppm,メタ-パラ間0.04ppmであった.分離したメチルピークの高さ比を測定することによって,3%から80%の間の各異性体を士1.3%以内の誤差で定量することができた.