gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Aryl Amine Derivatives from Benzyl Nitriles via Electrocyclization of in Situ Generated N-Silyl Ketene Imines (2016)

The previously unexplored reactivity of N-silyl ketene imines in organic synthesis is reported. Benzyl nitriles containing an alkenyl or aryl group at the ortho position were smoothly converted into aryl amines in good yields under two sets of mild silylation conditions: (1) nonbasic conditions using TMSNTf2-iPr2NEt or (2) basic anionic conditions using lithium diisopropylamide-triisopropylsilyl chloride (LDA-TIPSCl). The reaction probably proceeds via in situ generation of an N-silyl ketene imine followed by 6π-electrocyclization and aromatization.
Linkage Disequilibrium within the HLA Complex does not extend into HLA‐DP (1993)

It is well known that certain alleles from different loci within the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) complex are in linkage disequilibrium. This linkage phenomenon is relatively well characterized for haplotypes that include specific class I and class II alleles such as HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3. However, the HLA-DP genes are located at the centromeric end of the HLA complex and are less well characterized with regard to linkage disequilibrium. The availability of a large population of healthy subjects and sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) typing enabled us to assess the degree of linkage between HLA-DPB1 and HLA-DQB1 genes. Using the polymerase chain reaction and a series of oligonucleotide probes which define seven DQ beta alleles and twenty DP beta alleles, we studied 180 unrelated, normal Caucasian individuals and found only weak or negative associations between HLA-DPB1 and HLA-DQB1. These data demonstrate that the association between HLA-DQ and DP is weak and also imply that DP extended haplotypes related to particular diseases may not reflect normal associations. Implications of these results might impact on the concept of linkage disequilibrium in general as well as the evolution of the HLA complex. In addition, extensions of this work may have clinical ramifications with regard to bone marrow transplantation and founder effects in certain diseases.
Object-focused interaction in collaborative virtual environments (2000)

This paper explores and evaluates the support for object-focused interaction provided by a desktop Collaborative Virtual Environment. An experimental “design” task was conducted, and video recordings of the participants' activities facilitated an observational analysis of interaction in, and through, the virtual world. Observations include: problems due to “fragmented” views of embodiments in relation to shared objects; participants compensating with spoken accounts of their actions; and difficulties in understanding others' perspectives. Implications and proposals for the design of CVEs drawn from these observations are: the use of semidistorted views to support peripheral awareness; more explicit or exaggerated representations of actions than are provided by pseudohumanoid avatars; and navigation techniques that are sensitive to the actions of others. The paper also presents some examples of the ways in which these proposals might be realized.
A Study of RTLS-based Y/T Pooling System Architecture in a Container Terminal (2009)

The purpose of the paper is to implement DPS(the dynamic planning system) for yard tractors based on RFID/USN in a container terminal. The development scope are mother ship information management system, equipment management system, pooling management system, yard monitoring system, and reporting system. After this system has been designed and a new model has been made, its trial operation has been conducted in the actual container terminal. As a result of it, the following profits have been found out. (1) High Visibility of Container Terminal Resources Usage (2) Container Terminal Productivity Improvement
Supplementary Figure 6 from 3-Dimensional Patient-Derived Lung Cancer Assays Reveal Resistance to Standards-of-Care Promoted by Stromal Cells but Sensitivity to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Drug sensitivity of NSCLC specimens to standard of care reagents.&lt;/p&gt;
Economic Rights in the United States and International Human Rights Law: Toward an "Entirely New Strategy" (1992)

Subtotal nephrectomy in the rat is followed by glomerular hypertrophy, glomerulosclerosis, and, ultimately, renal failure. To gain more insight into this sequence, we have made a morphometric study of the glomerular changes following subtotal nephrectomy in the rat during the period of functional compensation before glomerulosclerosis appears. We found a twofold increase in glomerular volume as compared with controls 2 weeks after operation (to approximately 2 X 10(6) cu mu) followed by a linear increase to approximately 5 X 10(6) cu mu at 21 weeks. The rate of increase in glomerular volume in controls did not significantly exceed that of body weight. The volume increase after subtotal nephrectomy is a true hypertrophy, since other morphometric parameters expressed per unit glomerular volume (surface and length densities) were approximately 80% of control values at 2 weeks and constant thereafter. Glomerular hypertrophy up to 21 weeks is accompanied by a stable BUN and a gradually increasing proteinuria. We conclude that glomerular hypertrophy in this system is a pathologic rather than a compensatory process and suggest that it may represent a counter-productive response to hemodynamic changes serving to increase the glomerular filtration rate.
Research on Evaluation of Online Teaching Effect based on Deep Learning Technology (2021)

Aiming at the characteristics of online teaching mode, this paper focuses on the relationship between facial expressions and teaching effects, and proposes an automatic facial expression recognition model. Use tensorflow software to verify and test the model in the Jaffe dataset. The experimental results show that after the facial expression recognition model performs 100 iterations, the model network reaches the level of convergence. In the training set, the model recognition rate reached 98.76%; in the test set, the model accuracy rate and F1 value reached 1.The model can correctly identify and distinguish Angry, Disgust, Fear, Happy, Sad, Surprise, Neutral 7 facial expressions. The model proposed can capture the changes in facial expressions of students in online classrooms, to help teachers grasp the learning status of students in real time, promote the improvement of online teaching quality, and have certain application value for online teaching quality evaluation.
Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir: Drug Interactions With Antiretroviral Agents and Drugs for Substance Abuse (2017)

AbbVie's 3 direct-acting antiviral (3D) regimen containing ombitasvir, paritaprevir, ritonavir, and dasabuvir with and without ribavirin is approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection. Safe and efficacious antiviral regimens resulting in minimal to no drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with antiretrovirals are needed to ensure that patients coinfected with HCV and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) achieve 12-week sustained virologic response rates similar to HCV-monoinfected patients. Also, the prevalence of injection drug use history is high in both monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. This review summarizes results from phase 1 DDI studies of the 3D regimen and antiretrovirals or drugs to treat substance abuse. Data suggest the 3D regimen is a viable option for HIV/HCV-coinfected patients on antiretroviral therapy containing tenofovir/emtricitabine, abacavir/lamivudine, dolutegravir, raltegravir, or atazanavir. HCV-infected patients receiving medications for substance abuse, particularly methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone, can also be treated with the 3D regimen.
Realtime immune cell interactions in target tissue during immune damage and protection (P4112) (2013)

Abstract Realtime imaging studies are reshaping immunological paradigms, but a visual framework is lacking for the cellular dynamics of self-antigen-specific T cells at the effector phase in target tissues. To delineate key events in the cascade of tissue damage, immune protection and tissue response, we conducted noninvasive longitudinal imaging at a cellular resolution. We report that for both CD4+ and CD8+ effector T (Teff) cells, destruction was associated with close proximity to targets. Antigen-specificity is a prerequisite of target killing. Strikingly, incongruent to a classic concept of bystander killing, juxtaposed β-cell mass lacking the specific antigen was not subject to destruction, but grew in days, likely by replication. In the target tissue, Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells persistently contacted Teff cells, providing the first in vivo evidence consistent with the in vitro "trademark" activity of Treg cells, contact-dependent suppression. Modulating cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) altered Treg-Teff cell interactions and unleashed Teff cells to inflict further damage. This study demonstrates the importance of contact-based immune cell interaction and suggests that an intimate choreography between destructive and protective immune cells is critical for tolerance induction in target tissues. It also highlights the potential of tissue regeneration under antigenic incognito in inflammatory settings.
Corporate Culture Examining Its Effects On Safety Performance (2008)

Global climate change, i.e. higher and more variable temperatures, and a gain in soil salinity are increasing plant stress with direct consequences on crop yield and quality levels. Rice productivity is strongly affected by abiotic stress conditions. The regulation of chromatin structure in response to environmental stress is poorly understood. We investigated the interphase chromatin organization from rice plants in non-stress versus stress conditions. We have used a cytogenetic approach, based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 45S, 5S rDNA and centromeric probes on rice tissue sections. The abiotic stress conditions included cold, heat and mild salinity and were applied during seed germination. In contrast to cold, saline and heat stresses caused extensive decondensation of 45S rDNA chromatin and also an increase in the distance between the 2 homologous 5S rDNA loci. 5-Azacytidine (5-AC), a DNA hypomethylating drug, greatly increased 45S rDNA chromatin decondensation and interestingly was able to induce polarization of centromeres in rice interphase nuclei. The abiotic stresses tested did not perturb the spatial position of centromeres, typically with circular arrangement around the nucleolus. The results suggest a role for chromatin plasticity in a world of climate changes.
Age Correlation of the Time Lag in Signal Change on EPI-fMRI (1998)

The time lag in fMRI was revealed to be prolonged with increasing age. Our results suggest that the time lag in fMRI is influenced by some factors associated with aging.
Sintering of advanced ceramics using a 30-GHz, 10-kW, CW industrial gyrotron (1999)

At the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, a compact gyrotron system was established in 1994 to investigate technological applications in the field of high-temperature materials processing by means of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radiation. Besides the improvement of the system design, research activities are mainly engaged in studies on debindering and sintering of various types of advanced structural and functional ceramics. Due to volumetric heating and enhanced sintering kinetics, the application of microwaves allows one to shorten the processing time and therefore reduce energy consumption. Besides these effects, microwave technology gives the unique possibility of influencing the microstructure and physical properties of the ceramic materials. This paper will discuss the benefits of the mm-wave technology with respect to sintering of structural ceramics, such as TiO/sub 2/-ZrO/sub 2/-MgO multicomponent ceramics, nanocrystalline oxide ceramics, and Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/, as well as lead-zirconate-titanate piezoceramics as one of the most interesting classes of functional ceramics.
Recent advances in physically-based appearance modeling of cloth (2012)

This course is about recent advances in the challenging field of physically-based appearance modeling of cloth. Apart from geometrical complexity, optical complexity presents complications as highly anisotropic single and multiple scattering effects often dominate the appearance. Many types of fibers are highly translucent and multiple scattering significantly influences the observed color. Since a cloth model may potentially consist of billions of fibers, finding a viable level of geometrical abstraction is difficult. After explaining the general structure of several types of textiles, we give an overview of different approaches that have been proposed to render cloth. As the micro-geometry of cloth can be represented using an explicit representation of a fiber assembly, we continue by explaining optical properties of fibers; these can be derived from first principles of physics such as absorption or index of refraction. Understanding light scattering from fibers is essential, when a physically-based cloth renderer is designed. However, as storing these fibers explicitly is often too costly, more efficient statistical descriptions of cloth have also been proposed that can be used together with volumetric rendering techniques to allow for physically-based image synthesis, while retaining most of the flexibility of explicit methods. A major part of this course will focus on these approaches. We discuss the theory and practice of physically-based rendering of anisotropic media. The discussion begins with a review of linear transport theory, upon which current methods for rendering volumetric cloth are based. Relevant implementation details are discussed at each stage, and the final result will be the pseudocode of a Monte Carlo path tracer for volumetric cloth representations. Although rendering of cloth is a very specialized task, many of the concepts, developed in this field, can be used for rendering other materials with complex micro-geometry as well.
Resource use and costs of exenatide bid or insulin in clinical practice: the European CHOICE study (2013)

Much of the higher mean cost of exenatide bid, compared with insulin, therapy was compensated for by lower mean costs of other health service utilization. Costs associated with exenatide bid or insulin initiation varied across countries, highlighting the need to avoid generalization of resource use and cost implications of a particular therapy when estimated in specific country settings.
Thermal Analysis of Multifacet-Mirror Ring Resonator for XUV Free-Electron Lasers (1991)

XUV (10 nm ⩽ λ ⩽ 100 nm) free-electron lasers (FELs) are potentially important light sources for advanced lithography and materials applications. The average power of an XUV FEL oscillator may be limited by thermal loading of the resonator mirrors. We analyze the requirements for the thermal performance of the mirrors of a metal, multifacet-mirror ring resonator for use at 12 nm. We use analytical methods and numerical approaches which include simulations with the 3-D FEL code FELEX. Thermal distortion of mirror surfaces leads to optical wavefront aberrations which reduce the focusability of the light beam in the gain medium (wiggler/electron beam) and limit the laser performance.
Electrophysiological properties of human induced pluripotent stem cells (2009)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can self-renew while maintaining their pluripotency. Direct reprogramming of adult somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been reported. Although hESCs and human iPSCs have been shown to share a number of similarities, such basic properties as the electrophysiology of iPSCs have not been explored. Previously, we reported that several specialized ion channels are functionally expressed in hESCs. Using transcriptomic analyses as a guide, we observed tetraethylammonium (TEA)-sensitive (IC(50) = 3.3 +/- 2.7 mM) delayed rectifier K(+) currents (I(KDR)) in 105 of 110 single iPSCs (15.4 +/- 0.9 pF). I(KDR) in iPSCs displayed a current density of 7.6 +/- 3.8 pA/pF at +40 mV. The voltage for 50% activation (V(1/2)) was -7.9 +/- 2.0 mV, slope factor k = 9.1 +/- 1.5. However, Ca(2+)-activated K(+) current (I(KCa)), hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker current (I(f)), and voltage-gated sodium channel (Na(V)) and voltage-gated calcium channel (Ca(V)) currents could not be measured. TEA inhibited iPSC proliferation (EC(50) = 7.8 +/- 1.2 mM) and viability (EC(50) = 5.5 +/- 1.0 mM). By contrast, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) inhibited viability (EC(50) = 4.5 +/- 0.5 mM) but had less effect on proliferation (EC(50) = 0.9 +/- 0.5 mM). Cell cycle analysis further revealed that K(+) channel blockers inhibited proliferation primarily by arresting the mitotic phase. TEA and 4-AP had no effect on iPSC differentiation as gauged by ability to form embryoid bodies and expression of germ layer markers after induction of differentiation. Neither iberiotoxin nor apamin had any function effects, consistent with the lack of I(KCa) in iPSCs. Our results reveal further differences and similarities between human iPSCs and hESCs. A better understanding of the basic biology of iPSCs may facilitate their ultimate clinical application.
Self-weighted NOSER-prior electrical impedance tomography using internal electrodes in cardiac radiofrequency ablation (2019)

The algorithm has successfully measured the lesion size with good accuracy and tolerances of noise and other system perturbations. More tests in vitro and in vivo are required in the future to confirm the algorithm's feasibility.
BENEFITS OF MINDFULNESS MEDITATION IN REDUCING BLOOD PRESSURE AND STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION (2018)

Objective: To evaluate the benefits of mindfulness meditation in the control ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and the impact of the intervention on levels of anxiety, stress and depressionDesign and method: Randomized controlled trial of a Mediterranean population with high-normal BP or grade I hypertension. 24 and 18 patients [n = 42; mean age 56.5 (7.7) years; similar proportions of men and women] were enrolled to an intervention and a control group, respectively. For 2 hours/week over 8 weeks, the intervention group received mindfulness training and the control group attended health education talks. The patients attended pre-intervention (baseline), week 4, week 8 and week 20 (follow-up) visits. Results: 61.9% of the patients had anxiety, 21.4% depression, 19.0% were smokers and 14.2% were diabetic (no significant differences between the 2 groups). At baseline, the intervention group had non-significant higher clinically measured BP values, whereas both groups had similar ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) values. At week 8, the intervention group had statistically significant lower ABPM scores than the control group [124/77 mmHg vs 126/80 mmHg (p < 0.05) and 108/65 mmHg vs 114/69 mmHg (p < 0.05) for 24-hour and night-time systolic BP (SBP), respectively] and also had lower clinically measured SBP values (130 mmHg vs 133 mmHg; p = 0.02). At week 20 (follow-up), means were lower in the intervention group (although not statistically significant). Improvements were observed in the intervention group in terms of being less judgemental, more accepting and less depressed. The results are shown in the table 1 and Figure 1. Conclusions: By week 8 the mindfulness group had lower clinically measured SBP, 24-hour SBP, at-rest SBP and diastolic BP values.
Localization of immunoreactive GABA and enkephalin and NADPH‐Diaphorase‐positive neurons in fetal striatal grafts in the quinolinic‐acid‐lesioned rat neostriatum (1988)

Fetal striatal tissue grafts have been shown to partially reverse the biochemical and behavioral deficits induced by excitotoxic lesions. To determine if grafted striatal neurons contain neurochemical markers similar to those in neurons in the caudate nucleus and to establish the morphological characteristics and relative frequency of labeled neurons in the grafts, the localization of immunoreactive GABA and leucine-enkephalin (ENK) and of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity was examined in fetal striatal grafts at the light and electron microscopic levels. Striatal tissue from 17-day fetuses was grafted into the caudate nucleus of adult rats 1 week after intracaudate injections of either a low or high dose of quinolinic acid. At the light microscopic level, immunoreactive GABA and ENK and NADPH-d-positive neurons, processes, and punctate structures were present within adjacent sections of the same grafts. The frequency and morphological features of these labeled cell populations were similar in grafts placed into either minimally or extensively lesioned striata. Immunoreactive GABA and ENK neurons in the grafts constituted 28% and 13.5%, respectively, of the neuronal population of the graft and their mean diameters were 22 and 14% larger, respectively, than neostriatal neurons that contained the same chemical markers. NADPH-d-positive neurons in the grafts formed 3.5% of total grafted neurons and exhibited characteristics of neostriatal NADPH-d-containing aspiny cells, including medium-sized somata, indented nuclei, and varicose dendrites. At the electron microscopic level most GABA-positive neurons in the grafts contained indented nuclei and most immunoreactive ENK somata had unindented nuclei. Dendrites and dendritic spines with GABA or ENK immunoreactivity were present in the grafts where they were postsynaptic to unlabeled axons. Immunoreactive GABA and ENK axon terminals formed synapses with unlabeled neuronal profiles in the grafts. These findings demonstrate that fetal striatal grafts contain chemically defined neuronal populations that form synaptic connections within the graft and share some features with corresponding cell groups in the neostriatum. These results provide an anatomical basis for the graft-induced recovery from behavioral and biochemical deficits caused by instrastriatal lesions reported in other studies.
Cyclization by Intramolecular Carbolithiation of Alkyl- and Vinyllithiums Prepared by the Action of Aromatic Radical Anions on Phenyl Thioethers. High Stereoselectivity in the Cyclization Accelerated by an Allylic Lithium Oxyanion1 (2006)

The reductive lithiation of alkyl and vinyl phenyl thioethers by aromatic radical anions is shown to be the most general method yet known for preparing organolithiums capable of intramolecular carbometalation of unactivated alkenes to produce five-membered rings and in one case a four-membered ring (in a far higher yield than known cases). The relative rates of cyclization for alkyllithiums are secondary > tertiary > primary, and the yields are very high. In the secondary case, the stereoselectivity is extremely high, producing a cyclopentylmethyllithium with a trans-2-alkyl substituent. A remarkable finding is that for all of the organolithiums a lithium oxyanionic group in the proximal allylic position to the alkene greatly accelerates the cyclization and leads almost exclusively to a trans relationship between the CH(2)Li group and the OLi group, the opposite relationship from that observed in intramolecular carbolithiations by allyllithiums. A mechanistic rationale for this divergence is discussed. One of the two types of proximal homoallylic lithium oxyanions exerts an analogous effect. An intriguing limitation, even occurring with the highly reactive secondary organolithium and in the presence of an allylic oxyanionic group, is the failure of intramolecular carbolithiation when a methyl group is at the terminus of the alkene.