gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Xenopus Drf1, a Regulator of Cdc7, Displays Checkpoint-dependent Accumulation on Chromatin during an S-phase Arrest (2003)

We have cloned a Xenopus Dbf4-related factor named Drf1 and characterized this protein by using Xenopus egg extracts. Drf1 forms an active complex with the kinase Cdc7. However, most of the Cdc7 in egg extracts is not associated with Drf1, which raises the possibility that some or all of the remaining Cdc7 is bound to another Dbf4-related protein. Immunodepletion of Drf1 does not prevent DNA replication in egg extracts. Consistent with this observation, Cdc45 can still associate with chromatin in Drf1-depleted extracts, albeit at significantly reduced levels. Nonetheless, Drf1 displays highly regulated binding to replicating chromatin. Treatment of egg extracts with aphidicolin results in a substantial accumulation of Drf1 on chromatin. This accumulation is blocked by addition of caffeine and by immunodepletion of either ATR or Claspin. These observations suggest that the increased binding of Drf1 to aphidicolin-treated chromatin is an active process that is mediated by a caffeine-sensitive checkpoint pathway containing ATR and Claspin. Abrogation of this pathway also leads to a large increase in the binding of Cdc45 to chromatin. This increase is substantially reduced in the absence of Drf1, which suggests that regulation of Drf1 might be involved in the suppression of Cdc45 loading during replication arrest. We also provide evidence that elimination of this checkpoint causes resumed initiation of DNA replication in both Xenopus tissue culture cells and egg extracts. Taken together, these observations argue that Drf1 is regulated by an intra-S-phase checkpoint mechanism that down-regulates the loading of Cdc45 onto chromatin containing DNA replication blocks.
Automated Sample Preparation System for Rapid Biological Threat Detection (2005)

Rapid, automated sample preparation of bacterial cells and spores is required for threat analysis by remotely deployed chemical and biological warning systems. Sandia is designing, building, and testing an automated front-end sample preparation system based on miniature and microfluidic components, with the goal of concentrating bacterial species collected from the air, harvesting and solubilizing proteins from them, and delivering them to Sandia’s MicroChemLab capillary gel electrophoresis system1,2 for analysis (Fig. 1). Miniature, motorized valves and pumps control flow between system components connected by fused silica capillaries (Fig. 4). Sample processing modules include concentration by dielectrophoresis in an array of insulating posts or by mechanical filtration; heat-activated chemical lysis; mechanical filtration; removal of chemical lysis agents by size exclusion chromatography (SEC); and in-capillary fluorescent labeling.
AICA‐Riboside: Safety, Tolerance, and Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Adenosine‐Regulating Agent (1991)

AICA-riboside (5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide ribonucleoside) is a novel adenosine-regulating agent that is currently being investigated for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. In a placebo-controlled, double-blind study in healthy men, we evaluated the safety and kinetics of the drug after oral and IV administration of 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg doses. At each dose level, four subjects received active drug and two subjects received placebo with a 1-week wash-out period between the IV and oral doses. The drug was well tolerated at all dose levels with only mild and transient side effects reported in some instances by the subjects who received placebo and those patients who received the drug. The post-infusion plasma concentrations of AICA-riboside declined rapidly in a biphasic fashion, and the terminal elimination phase had a harmonic mean t1/2 beta of 1.4 hours. Total plasma clearance (CL), mean residence time (MRTIV), and volume of distribution at steady-state (VSS) were 2.5 L/hr/kg, 0.7 hr, and 1.6 L/kg, respectively. The drug was not protein bound, and there was rapid uptake and phosphorylation in RBCs to its 5'-monophosphate nucleotide. Renal clearance (CLR) was 0.2 L/hr/kg with only 8% of the IV dose excreted in the urine as intact AICA-riboside. Although there was a trend towards a decrease in CL with increasing dose, there were no significant differences (P greater than .05) in the mean estimates of t1/2 beta, CL, CLR, MRTIV and VSS associated with dose. The drug was poorly bioavailable (less than 5%) when administered orally in solution.
Optimized Measurement Parameters of Sensory Evoked Cortical Potentials to Assess Human Bladder Afferents - A Randomized Study (2019)

Overactive bladder and voiding dysfunction are highly prevalent and often associated with malfunction of the bladder afferent pathways. Appropriate diagnostic tools for an objective assessment of afferent nerve function of the human bladder are currently missing. One promising possibility is the assessment of sensory evoked potentials (SEP) during repetitive electrical bladder stimulation, which proved feasible in healthy subjects. For an implementation into clinical practice, however, further refinements for efficient and reliable data acquisition are crucial. The aim of this randomized study was to find the optimal measurement settings regarding stimulation frequency, repetition number, and data acquisition. Forty healthy subjects underwent two visits of SEP (Cz-Fz) assessments using repetitive (500 stimuli) electrical stimulation of 0.5 Hz, 1.1 Hz, and 1.6 Hz and pulse width of 1 ms at the bladder dome or trigone. SEP analyses revealed higher amplitudes and better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with lower stimulation frequencies, while latencies remained unchanged. Decreasing amplitudes and SNR were observed with continuing stimulation accompanied by decreasing responder rate (RR). When applying stimuli at a frequency of 0.5 Hz, averaging across 200 stimuli revealed optimal reliability with best SNR, RR and sufficiently high amplitudes. This constitutes an optimal compromise between the duration of the assessment and SEP peak-to-peak amplitudes.
Investigation of a radial transmission line transformer for high-gradient particle accelerators (1988)

This paper discusses the use of a photoconductively switched radial transmission line transformer as a high-gradient particle accelerator power system. In particular, a 1.8-m-radius radial line with a one-way transit time of 10 ns was fabricated and the voltage attenuation/amplification of a radially traveling wave measured. These results are compared with numerical solutions to the radial-wave equations using the method of characteristics. The line was operated as a step-down transformer by driving the inner radius with a pulse generator and measuring open circuit voltage at its outer radius. The voltage attenuation of the transformer agrees fairly well with an approximate theory for short-pulse propagation along the line (where pulse lengths are roughly one-tenth the one-way transit time of the line), and a more accurate computer solution using the method of characteristics has correctly predicted the voltage response of the line. These results imply that moderate voltage, short duration pulses (approximately 1 ns) can be amplified to very high voltages by uniformly driving the outside radius of this type of transmission line. The use of photoconductive switches to generate a radially converging, high-power wave transient required for high-gradient particle accelerators is suggested as an alternative to other methods because the switches can be synchronized to within several tens of picoseconds, and control of subsequent sections can be accomplished for relativistic systems.
Effects of Detunings on Dynamically Induced Irreversibility in Coherently Driven Systems (2000)

Effects of detunings on dynamically induced irreversibility is studied for coherently driven V systems in which there is no conventional source of irreversible population pumping. For atomic barium (γ1/γ2 = 400 >> 1, where γ1 and γ2 are the rates of the spontaneous decay from the excited states 6s6p1P1 and 6s6p3P1 to the ground state 6s2 1S0, respectively), the strong irreversibility is found to lead to a maximum inversion of 0.77 [only 0.1 in Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 (1993) 4311]. The maximum population inversion requires relatively strong fields coupled respectively to two transitions, a disparity in two atomic decay rates, and the atom-field detunings of opposite signs. However, it is also shown that even in the cases where two detunings have the same sign, or where two decay rates are equal, population inversion takes place.
Shaping the future of nanomedicine: anisotropy in polymeric nanoparticle design (2015)

Nanofabrication and biomedical applications of polymeric nanoparticles have become important areas of research. Biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles have been investigated for their use as delivery vehicles for therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Although polymeric nanoconstructs have traditionally been fabricated as isotropic spheres, anisotropic, nonspherical nanoparticles have gained interest in the biomaterials community owing to their unique interactions with biological systems. Polymeric nanoparticles with different forms of anisotropy have been manufactured using a variety of novel methods in recent years. In addition, they have enhanced physical, chemical, and biological properties compared with spherical nanoparticles, including increased targeting avidity and decreased nonspecific in vivo clearance. With these desirable properties, anisotropic nanoparticles have been successfully utilized in many biomedical settings and have performed superiorly to analogous spherical nanoparticles. We summarize the current state-of-the-art fabrication methods for anisotropic polymeric nanoparticles including top-down, bottom-up, and microfluidic design approaches. We also summarize the current and potential future applications of these nanoparticles, including drug delivery, biological targeting, immunoengineering, and tissue engineering. Ongoing research into the properties and utility of anisotropic polymeric nanoparticles will prove critical to realizing their potential in nanomedicine.
Nosocomial Spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Related Multidrug‐Resistant Tuberculosis in Buenos Aires (1997)

A steep upsurge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) was recently observed at a referral treatment center in Buenos Aires City. Between January 1994 and June 1995, TB isolates resistant to at least five drugs were recovered from 101 of 272 HIV-infected inpatients. Highly resistant isolates from 77 patients underwent restriction fragment length polymorphism study with IS6110. After cross-contamination was eliminated, a single TB strain was found to have caused disease in 68 patients with a history of on-site exposure. The frequency of smear-positive pulmonary disease was higher among these patients than among non-MDR-TB HIV-infected patients (50/68 vs. 60/148, P < .001), and the 1-year survival was dramatically reduced (5/68 vs. 92/148). The strain involved in the outbreak was traced back to patients hospitalized in 1992. Institutional infection control policies were and may still be inadequate to contain the spread of TB among immunodepressed subjects, as is the case in other large urban hospitals in Argentina.
Prostaglandins and congeners. 16. Synthesis and bronchodilator activity of dl-11-deoxy-3-thiaprostaglandins (1977)

The interesting bronchodilator activity of certain dl-11-deoxy-3-thiaprostaglandins and their preparation by the conjugate addition of appropriately substituted (E)-1-alkenyllithio cuprate reagents to requisite cyclopentenones are described.
An HTTP web traffic model based on the top one million visited web pages (2012)

The ever-changing behavior of HTTP web pages requires an adjustment of the web models used for simulation and benchmarking. In this paper, we present the statistical data of the one million most visited web sites. Using this data, we examine the changes in size and number of objects by comparing our findings with well-known web traffic models. The results show a trend towards large pages including multimedia content. In addition, today's web pages are created dynamically, i.e., that the content is downloaded from web servers spread all around the world. Finally, we discuss new web traffic models and present the parameters gathered from our measurements.
Studies of surface enhanced optical effects by second-harmonic generation (1984)

Optical second-harmonic generation is used to study the macroscopic local-field contribution to the surface enhancement of optical effects on rough metal surfaces. The measured enhancement is independent of molecule-metal interaction at the surface. Experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions using a set of protruded hemispheroids on a plane to model after a rough surface. The agreement is fairly satisfactory, allowing the authors to use the model to predict the local-field contribution in surface-enhanced Raman scattering. A number of metals other than the noble metals are believed to have a surface enhancement as large as that on silver. The possibility of using surface-enhanced second-harmonic generation to probe molecular adsorption and desorption on on metal electrodes is also briefly discussed. 16 references, 6 figures.
Polymerized human Hb use in acute chest syndrome: a case report (2002)

This is the first reported case that describes the use of PolyHeme in a patient with sickle cell disease, ACS, and sepsis. This therapy is thought to have been lifesaving for this patient.
Systematic materials design for phase-change memory with small density changes for high-endurance non-volatile memory applications (2019)

The optical properties of transition-metal-based ternary tellurides have been systematically examined by density functional theory simulations. Based on an empirical law, which correlates density change with the optical contrast between the amorphous and crystalline phases of chalcogenides, the density changes occurring upon crystallization for hypothetical materials have been predicted. Cr2Ge2Te6 was found theoretically to be one of the best materials for phase-change memory applications owing to its small density change. This novel criterion will be useful in the screening of materials yet to be experimentally realized, and will help target promising materials for high-endurance phase-change memory applications.
FADEC advances allow better engine performance (2012)

Next generation of full authority digital engine controls lets pilots select more precise power and raise fuel efficiency.
Intensified Continuous Flow Michaelis–Arbuzov Rearrangement toward Alkyl Phosphonates (2022)

Herein is described the development of an intensified continuous flow process for the preparation of a library of alkyl phosphonates through a Michaelis–Arbuzov rearrangement. A careful process optimization and thorough analysis of the competitive reactions led to a very attractive protocol with unprecedented productivities (up to 4.97 kg of material per day) and a low environmental footprint with the absence of solvent, additives, catalysts, and waste. In-line low-field 31P NMR monitoring was conveniently implemented for rapid optimization and process monitoring. Two key alkyl phosphonate intermediates were also assessed for the unprecedented diazene dicarboxylate-mediated electrophilic amination under continuous flow conditions toward the α-aminophosphonic acid derivatives of Pphenylalanine and Palanine, bioisosters of the natural amino acids phenylalanine and alanine, respectively.
Isomorphous Substitution of Iron in the Faujasite Lattice (1989)

The crystalline faujasite Y zeolites containing iron have been prepared. Evidence for the presence of Fe in the lattice framework is obtained using XRD, solid state MASNMR (29Si,27Al and 13C), ESR, both framework and hydroxyl IR spectroscopies and DTA. Lattice Fe leads to increase in the XRD unit cell parameters.Spin echo experiments indicate that the spin-spin relaxation time of 29Si is shortened due to the presence of Fe in the framework. CPMASNMR spectra of 13C atoms in tetraethylammonium-ZSM-20, a zeolite with a faujasite-like structure, also exhibit line broadening due to the interaction of Fe3+ with the template ion. DTA studies indicate that Fe-faujasites have lower thermal stability than their Al-analogs. The (OH) vibration frequency shifts from 3540 and 3630 to 3570 and 3643 cm-1 respectively on isomorphous substitution of Al by Fe. Relative changes in the intensity of the ESR peak at g = 4.3 at low temperatures also support the conclusion that iron can be inserted in the faujasite lattice positions.
Random migration precedes stable target cell interactions of tumor-infiltrating T cells (2006)

The tumor microenvironment is composed of an intricate mixture of tumor and host-derived cells that engage in a continuous interplay. T cells are particularly important in this context as they may recognize tumor-associated antigens and induce tumor regression. However, the precise identity of cells targeted by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) as well as the kinetics and anatomy of TIL-target cell interactions within tumors are incompletely understood. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal conditions of TIL locomotion through the tumor stroma, as a prerequisite for establishing contact with target cells, have not been analyzed. These shortcomings limit the rational design of immunotherapeutic strategies that aim to overcome tumor-immune evasion. We have used two-photon microscopy to determine, in a dynamic manner, the requirements leading to tumor regression by TILs. Key observations were that TILs migrated randomly throughout the tumor microenvironment and that, in the absence of cognate antigen, they were incapable of sustaining active migration. Furthermore, TILs in regressing tumors formed long-lasting (>or=30 min), cognate antigen-dependent contacts with tumor cells. Finally, TILs physically interacted with macrophages, suggesting tumor antigen cross-presentation by these cells. Our results demonstrate that recognition of cognate antigen within tumors is a critical determinant of optimal TIL migration and target cell interactions, and argue against TIL guidance by long-range chemokine gradients.
State-space parameter estimation for closed-loop fault detection and identification (2013)

This paper focuses on the use of parameter estimation techniques for the implementation of real-time Fault Detection and Diagnosis schemes that are suitable for closed-loop system operation. A description of the main principles regarding fault detection and identification using parameter estimation is given, along with some considerations on the closed-loop system identification problem. The Recursive Least Squares method with exponential weighting and constant forgetting factor is used for the design of the closed-loop system diagnosis procedure. An application example from the field of aircraft control illustrates the suitability of the proposed solution for complex applications where a state-space representation of the system dynamics is used.
Composés naturels bioactifs contre l'aleurode Bemisia Tabaci (2014)

Dans les régions méditerranéennes, l'utilisation de filet à mailles fines est un outil efficace et durable pour lutter contre les ravageurs des cultures. Dans les régions tropicales, pour des raisons climatiques, seuls des filets à maille plus large sont utilisables et permettent de lutter contre les gros ravageurs comme les lépidoptères. Mais avec de tels filets les cultures de tomates ne sont pas protégées contre Bemisia tabaci. Une solution est de combiner un filet anti-insectes avec un répulsif. L'efficacité de filets traités avec différents extraits de plantes a été testée en laboratoire. Les plus répulsifs, irritants et toxiques contre B. tabaci ont été l'aframomum, le lemongrass, la cannelle, le géranium et la sariette. Les composés actifs de la cannelle et de la citronnelle ont été identifiés. Les différents effets ont varié en fonction du produit et de la concentration. Les composés seuls ont eu un effet moins important qu'en mélange, ce qui suggère une synergie entre les composés.
Discovery of Orally Active Carboxylic Acid Derivatives of 2-Phenyl-5-trifluoromethyloxazole-4-carboxamide as Potent Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase-1 Inhibitors for the Potential Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes (2011)

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT-1) is the enzyme that catalyzes the final and committed step of triglyceride formation, namely, the acylation of diacylglycerol with acyl coenzyme A. DGAT-1 deficient mice demonstrate resistance to weight gain on high fat diet, improved insulin sensitivity, and reduced liver triglyceride content. Inhibition of DGAT-1 thus represents a potential novel approach for the treatment of obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. In this communication, we report the identification of the lead structure 6 and our lead optimization efforts culminating in the discovery of potent, selective, and orally efficacious carboxylic acid derivatives of 2-phenyl-5-trifluoromethyloxazole-4-carboxamides. In particular, compound 29 (DGAT-1 enzyme assay, IC(50) = 57 nM; CHO-K1 cell triglyceride formation assay, EC(50) = 0.5 μM) demonstrated dose dependent inhibition of weight gain in diet induced obese (DIO) rats (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg, p.o., qd) during a 21-day efficacy study. Furthermore, compound 29 demonstrated improved glucose tolerance determined by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
Proving and disproving assertion rewrite rules with automated theorem provers (2008)

Modern assertion languages, such as PSL and SVA, include many constructs that are best handled by rewriting to a small set of base cases. Since previous rewrite attempts have shown that the rules could be quite involved, sometimes counterintuitive, and that they can make a significant difference in the complexity of interpreting assertions, workable procedures for proving the correctness of these rules must be established. In this paper, we outline the methodology for computer-assisted proofs of a set of previously published rewrite rules for PSL properties. We show how to express PSLpsilas syntax and semantics in the PVS theorem prover, and proceed to prove the correctness of a set of thirty rewrite rules. In doing so, we also demonstrate how to circumvent issues with PSL semantics regarding the never and eventually! operators.
Next generation test support systems for the aircraft life cycle (2002)

The objective of this paper is to present the experience of EADS in using a common test support system for integration and qualification testing, aircraft ground equipment (AGE), in-service software maintenance facilities (ISMF) and ground crew training. EADS uses its test support system AIDASS (Advanced Integrated Data Acquisition and Stimulation System) in different phases of the aircraft life cycle. AIDASS is comprised of a real-time front-end system and a standard PC for the user interface. The EADS test support system is used in almost all phases of the aircraft life cycle, for instance, for integration and verification testing, as aircraft ground equipment, for in-service software maintenance and training of ground crews. This test support system is used for the software maintenance in the TORNADO program at different airforces in Europe. The airforces also share test setups with industry.