gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aminooxypentane Addition to the Chemokine Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1αP Increases Receptor Affinities and HIV Inhibition (2000)

To enter its target cells, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) must interact with CD4 and one of a family of chemokine receptors. CCR5 is widely used by the virus in this context, and its ligands can prevent HIV entry. Amino-terminal modified chemokine variants, in particular AOP-RANTES (aminooxypentane-linked regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted), exhibit enhanced HIV entry inhibition. We have previously demonstrated that a non-allelic isoform of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, termed MIP-1alphaP, is the most active naturally occurring inhibitor of HIV entry known. Here we report the properties of a variant of MIP-1alphaP with an AOP group on the amino terminus. We show that, like RANTES, the addition of AOP to MIP-1alphaP enhances its interactions with CCR1 and CCR5, allows more effective internalization of CCR5, and increases the ligand's potency as an inhibitor of HIV entry through CCR5. Importantly, AOP-MIP-1alphaP is about 10-fold more active than AOP-RANTES at inhibiting HIV entry, making it the most effective chemokine-based inhibitor of HIV entry through CCR5 described to date. Surprisingly, the enhanced receptor interactions of AOP-MIP-1alphaP do not translate into increased chemotaxis or coupling to calcium ion fluxes, suggesting that this protein should be viewed as a partial, rather than a full, agonist for CCR1 and CCR5.
Flight Investigation of the Effect of Tail Boom Strakes on Helicopter Directional Control (1992)

A joint U.S. Army/NASA flight investigation was conducted utilizing a single-rotor helicopter to determine the effectiveness of horizontally mounted tail boom strakes on directional controllability and tail rotor power during low-speed, crosswind operating conditions. Three configurations were investigated: (1) baseline (strakes off), (2) single strake (strake at upper shoulder on port side of boom), and (3) double strake (upper strake plus a lower strake on same side of boom). The strakes were employed as a means to separate airflow over the tail boom and change fuselage yawing moments in a direction to improve the yaw control margin and reduce tail rotor power. Crosswind data were obtained in 5-knot increments of airspeed from 0 to 35 knots and in 30 deg increments of wind azimuth from 0 deg to 330 deg. At the most critical wind azimuth and airspeed in terms of tail rotor power, the strakes improved the pedal margin by 6 percent of total travel and reduced tail rotor power required by 17 percent. The increase in yaw control and reduction in tail rotor power offered by the strakes can expand the helicopter operating envelope in terms of gross weight and altitude capability. The strakes did not affect the flying qualities of the vehicle at airspeeds between 35 and 100 knots.
Proyecto de emprendimiento y economía familiar, Guasmo, 2019. Una experiencia de vinculación. (2020)

El artículo refiere la experiencia de ejecución del proyecto de vinculación con la colectividad, en el campo de emprendimiento y economía familiar, en la Parroquia Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación, ubicada en la Unión de Bananeros, del Guasmo Sur, de la ciudad de Guayaquil; por estudiantes de la carrera de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS), con monitoreo docente; teniendo como objetivo evaluar su implementación, con una metodología de tipo descriptiva, a partir de la valoración que realizaron los participantes en una encuesta tipo likert, tomada al final del periodo formativo. Sus resultados principales reflejan las opiniones de los beneficiarios en las categorías de organización, desarrollo de contenidos prácticos, a través de los cuales se alcanzó un alto nivel de participación, y donde el proceso de evaluación fue clave para mejorar la asimilación de los contenidos; la calidad de los instructores y el nivel de aprendizaje adquirido; que permitió estimular el espíritu emprendedor. Se concluye que el desarrollo de estas temáticas, dirigidas a sectores vulnerables de la sociedad, constituye una estrategia para enfrentar los altos niveles de desempleo que se viven en el país.
Phosphorpentachlorid und Trichlorphenol — eine 31P‐NMR‐Studie [1] (2004)

Abstract Phosphorpentachlorid reagiert mit 2, 4, 6‐Trichlorphenol in Abhängigkeit vom Verhältnis der Edukte zu 2, 4, 6‐Trichlorphenoxy‐chlorphosphorane.
Detection of disseminated tumour cells as a potential surrogate-marker for monitoring palliative chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. (2004)

In a pilot study the effect of palliative chemotherapy on the detection rates of circulating tumour cells in peripheral venous blood of stage IV colorectal cancer patients was investigated. The results indicate a recruitment of tumour cells during chemotherapy and suggest a poorer survival for tumour cell positive patients. Circulating tumour cells have been shown to be a potential prognostic factor in patients who undergo curative resection for colorectal cancer. The effect of chemotherapy on the detection rates of disseminated tumour cells in blood has not yet been adequately investigated. Objective of this pilot-study was to analyze circulating tumour cells in peripheral venous blood of colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in order to evaluate its potential value as a surrogate-marker for predicting clinical outcome after chemotherapy. Our hypothesis was that chemotherapy results in a reduction of the detection rates of circulating tumour cells in colorectal cancer patients. Forty-two Stage IV patients were examined at three different time points before and during palliative chemotherapy for the presence of disseminated tumour cells, using a previously described RT-PCR-assay for cytokeratin 20. 80.1% of the patients showed disseminated tumour cells at least once. Before chemotherapy, patients with multi-organ metastases were positive in 62.5%, patients with locally limited disease in only 14.3%. After the first chemotherapy, the detection rates in the latter group increased to 62.5%, for all patients in the same time from 46.3% to 57.5%. Clinical therapy responders showed an increase in the detection rates from 28.5% before to 71.4% after chemotherapy. In contrast, chemotherapy had no effect on tumour cell detection rates of patients with progressive disease (57% before vs. 60% after therapy). Patients with detected circulating tumour cells showed a shorter overall survival than patients without circulating tumour cells (83 vs. 53 weeks). Clinical therapy responders on average lived only 3 weeks longer than non-responders. In contrast to the original hypothesis, our data suggest a recruiting of circulating tumour cells during chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer. Further investigations are needed to clarify the potential role of circulating tumour cells for monitoring chemotherapy in these patients.
A hypothesis on the cause of chronic epidermal hyperproliferation in asebia mice (1988)

We compared the skin of the mutant mouse asebia (ab/ab) with that of normal BALB/c mice by examining dermal cell counts, epidermal thickness, epidermal cell labelling index and ultrastructure. In asebia we found epidermal hyperproliferation and dermal inflammation, with much cell debris in the dermis. The very numerous macrophages, both intact and disintegrating, contained electron-lucent crystals, apparently composed of lipid. We hypothesize that these crystals cause macrophage lysis followed by dermal inflammation and finally hyperproliferation in the overlying epidermis.
Evaluation of powertrain solutions for future tactical truck vehicle systems (2006)

The article presents the results of a large scale design space exploration for the hybridization of two off-road vehicles, part of the Future Tactical Truck System (FTTS) family: Maneuver Sustainment Vehicle (MSV) and Utility Vehicle (UV). Series hybrid architectures are examined. The objective of the paper is to illustrate a novel design methodology that allows for the choice of the optimal values of several vehicle parameters. The methodology consists in an extensive design space exploration, which involves running a large number of computer simulations with systematically varied vehicle design parameters, where each variant is paced through several different mission profiles, and multiple attributes of performance are measured. The resulting designs are filtered to choose the design tradeoffs that better satisfy the performance and fuel economy requirements. At the end, few promising vehicle configuration designs will be selected that will need additional detailed investigation including neglected metrics like ride and drivability. Several powertrain architectures have been simulated. The design parameters include the number of axles in the vehicle (2 or 3), the number of electric motors per axle (1 or 2), the type of internal combustion engine, the type and quantity of energy storage system devices (batteries, electrochemical capacitors or both together). An energy management control strategy has also been developed to provide efficiency and performance. The control parameters are tunable and have been included into the design space exploration. The results show that the internal combustion engine and the energy storage system devices are extremely important for the vehicle performance.
Highly Potent Vitamin D Receptor Antagonists: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Of Spiders and Crabs: The Emergence of Lysophospholipids and Their Metabolic Pathways as Targets for Therapy in Cancer (2006)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), two small lysophospholipids, are potent inducers of many of the hallmarks of cancer including cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and neovascularization in in vitro and in vivo tumor models. Furthermore, the enzymes metabolizing LPA and S1P and their receptors are aberrant in multiple cancer lineages and exhibit transforming activity altering patterns and targets for metastasis. Several recent studies show the remarkable activity of new chemical genomics and/or potential novel drugs in preclinical models. Combined with the physiologic and pathophysiologic activities of LPA and S1P, these studies suggest the implementation of preclinical and clinical evaluation of LPA and S1P as therapeutic targets.
Improvement of the thermal stability of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets by intergranular addition of Dy82.3Co17.7 (2014)

In this study, microstructure and magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets with addition of Dy82.3Co17.7 (wt. %) were investigated. By adding a small amount of Dy82.3Co17.7, the coercivity is improved greatly, and the irreversible loss is decreased sharply. The increase of Curie temperature suggests that Co atoms have entered into the 2:14:1 main phase. Microstructural analysis indicates that a well-developed core-shell structure was formed in the magnets with the addition of Dy82.3Co17.7. The improvement of magnetic properties can be attributed to the microstructural modification and the intrinsic properties' improvement.
Viscoelastic phase diagram of fluorinated and grafted polymer films and proton‐exchange membranes for fuel cell applications (2013)

ABSTRACT The influence of temperature and moisture activity on the viscoelastic behavior of fluorinated membranes for fuel cell applications was investigated. Uncrosslinked and crosslinked ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)‐based proton‐conducting membranes were prepared by radiation grafting and subsequent sulfonation and their behavior was compared with ETFE base film and commercial Nafion ® NR212 membrane. Uniaxial tensile tests and stress relaxation tests at controlled temperature and relative humidity (RH) were carried out at 30 and 50 °C for 10% &lt; RH &lt; 90%. Grafted films were stiffer and exhibited stronger strain hardening when compared with ETFE. Similarly, both uncrosslinked and crosslinked membranes were stiffer and stronger than Nafion ® . Yield stress was found to decrease and moisture sensitivity to increase on sulfonation. The viscoelastic relaxation of the grafted films was found to obey a power‐law behavior with exponent equal to −0.04 ± 0.01, a factor of almost 2 lower than ETFE, weakly influenced by moisture and temperature. Moreover, the grafted films presented a higher hygrothermal stability when compared with their membranes counterparts. In the case of membranes, a power‐law behavior at RH &lt; 60% was also observed. However, a markedly different behavior was evident at RH &gt; 60%, with an almost single relaxation time exponential. An exponential decrease of relaxation time with RH from 60 s to 10 s was obtained at RH ≥ 70% and 30 °C. The general behavior of grafted films observed at 30 °C was also obtained at 50 °C. However, an anomalous result was noticed for the membranes, with a higher modulus at 50 °C when compared with 30 °C. This behavior was explained by solvation of the sulfonic acid groups by water absorption creating hydrogen bonding within the clusters. A viscoelastic phase diagram was elaborated to map critical conditions (temperature and RH) for transitions in time‐dependent behavior, from power‐law scaling to exponential scaling. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1139–1148
Post-traumatic anxiety associates with failure of the innate immune receptor TLR9 to evade the pro-inflammatory NFκB pathway (2012)

Post-traumatic anxiety notably involves inflammation, but its causes and functional significance are yet unclear. Here, we report that failure of the innate immune system Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) to limit inflammation is causally involved with anxiety-associated inflammation and that peripheral administration of specific oligonucleotide activators of TLR9 may prevent post-traumatic consequences in stressed mice. Suggesting involvement of NFκB-mediated enhancement of inflammatory reactions in the post-traumatic phenotype, we found association of serum interleukin-1β increases with symptoms severity and volumetric brain changes in post-traumatic stress disorder patients. In predator scent-stressed mice, the moderate NFκB-activating oligonucleotides mEN101 and its human ortholog BL-7040, but not the canonic NFκB activator oligonucleotide ODN1826, induced anxiolytic effects. In stressed mice, peripherally administered mEN101 prevented delayed stress-inducible serum interleukin-1β increases while limiting stress-characteristic hippocampal transcript modifications and the anxiety-induced EGR1-mediated neuronal activation. Attesting to the TLR9 specificity of this response, BL-7040 suppressed NFκB-mediated luciferase in transfected cells co-expressing TLR9, but not other TLRs. Furthermore, TLR9-/- mice were mEN101 and BL-7040 resistant and presented unprovoked anxiety-like behavior and anxiety-characteristic hippocampal transcripts. Our findings demonstrate functional relevance of TLR9 in protecting stressed mammals from overreacting to traumatic experiences and suggest using oligonucleotide-mediated peripheral TLR9 activation to potentiate the innate immune system and prevent post-traumatic inflammation and anxiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Z,E‐Isomers of 10,10‐Dimethyl‐9‐benzylidene‐9,10‐dihydro‐2‐aza‐10‐silaanthracene and Transformation of 10,10‐Dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydro‐2‐aza‐10‐silaanthracene Under Influence of Basic Catalysts. (1988)

Abstract Dehydration of the azasilaanthrol (III) in boiling thionyl chloride gives the Z‐9‐benzylideneazasilaanthracene (I), whereas (I) together with the E‐isomer (II) is obtained on subsequent treatment with pyridine.
Endotoxin fails to induce IFN-gamma in endotoxin-tolerant mice: deficiencies in both IL-12 heterodimer production and IL-12 responsiveness. (1999)

Mice exposed to sublethal endotoxemia develop short-term endotoxin tolerance, a state characterized by decreased monokine production and enhanced protection against endotoxic lethality. We confirmed that TNF-alpha production is markedly impaired in endotoxin-tolerant mice and additionally found 2- to 6-fold decreases in serum IFN-gamma in these animals following endotoxin challenge. The IFN-gamma deficiency of endotoxin tolerance correlated with 8-fold decreases in the bioactive p40/p35 heterodimeric form of IL-12. In contrast, total circulating IL-12 p40 was reduced by only 30-50%. Endotoxin-tolerant mice were less responsive to IL-12 than control mice, as evidenced by 3-fold lower levels of IFN-gamma inducible in vivo when rIL-12 was administered at the time of endotoxin challenge. Similarly, spleen cell cultures of endotoxin-tolerant mice produced 3-fold less IFN-gamma in the presence of optimal concentrations of both IL-12 and IL-18. Finally, levels of IL-12R beta 2 subunit mRNA and the percent composition of NK lymphocytes in the spleen were both decreased in endotoxin-tolerant mice relative to controls. We conclude that endotoxin-tolerant mice are profoundly impaired in their ability to produce IFN-gamma in response to endotoxin and that this is associated with acquired defects in both the production of circulating IL-12 heterodimer response and the response to IL-12 by NK cells.
Negative differential resistance of an intracavity voltage-controlled absorber in a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (2002)

We present the first detailed investigation of the sharp negative differential resistance (NDR) within a VCSEL intracavity quantum well absorber. The intensity dependent NDR is governed by the position of the Fabry-Perot wavelength relative to the absorber excitonic peak.
Surface-Controlled Orientational Transitions in Elastically Strained Films of Liquid Crystal That Are Triggered by Vapors of Toluene (2016)

We report the fabrication of chemically patterned microwells that enable the rapid and facile preparation (by spin coating and patterned dewetting) of thin films of liquid crystals (LCs) that have precise thicknesses (0.7-30 μm), are supported on chemically defined substrates, and have free upper surfaces. We use these microwells to prepare elastically strained nematic LC films supported on silica glass, gold, or polystyrene substrates and thereby characterize the response of the strained LC films to vapors of toluene. We report that low concentrations of toluene vapor (<500 ppm) can partition into the LC to lower the anchoring energy of the LC on these substrates, thus allowing the elastic energy of the strained LC film to drive the LC films through an orientational transition. The central role of the toluene-induced change in surface anchoring energy is supported by additional experiments in which the response of the nematic LC to changes in film thickness and substrate identity are quantified. A simple thermodynamic model captures these trends and yielded estimates of anchoring energies (8-22 μJ/m(2)). Significantly, the orientational transitions observed in these strained LC thin films occur at concentrations of toluene vapor that are almost 1 order of magnitude below those which lead to bulk phase transitions, and they are not triggered by exposure to water vapor. Overall, these results hint at principles for the design of responsive LC-based materials that can be triggered by concentrations of aromatic, volatile organic compounds that are relevant to human health.
Observational study of accuracy in compounding i.v. admixtures at five hospitals (1997)

Rates of errors in i.v. admixture compounding at five U.S. hospital pharmacies were studied. Pharmacy staff members at five hospitals representing each U.S. geographic region were observed as they compounded sterile products in order to record the medication, dose, base solution, and other details. Intravenous admixtures, antineoplastic preparations, parenteral nutrient solutions, and ready-to-use products were included. Observations took place for five days at each pharmacy. The observers' notes were checked against the labels used to prepare the doses; any deviation was considered an error. The clinical importance of each error was assessed for its potential to affect a patient adversely. The mean error rate for the five hospitals combined was 9% (145 errors for 1679 doses), excluding ready-to-use products. Mean error rates for individual pharmacies ranged from 6% to 10%. Wrong-dose errors were the most common type of error. Parenteral nutrient solutions had the highest error rates-37% for manual preparation and 22% for preparation that was partly automated. Of every 100 errors, 2 were judged to be potentially clinically important. In five U.S. hospital pharmacies, the observed error rate for compounding i.v. admixtures was 9%.
A cylindrical geometry for cardiac SPECT imaging (1996)

In SPECT imaging, a cylindrical detector geometry offers many advantages. Because the detector completely surrounds the patient, the cylindrical system geometry should provide more detector coverage than the rotating camera SPECT systems. This increased coverage means increased sensitivity, or improved resolution, and better image quality. Because the cylindrical detector system is stationary and the projection data is acquired through collimator rotation, this geometry simplifies system design and allows very stable imaging performance. The authors propose a cylindrical system geometry that features a large number of projections for a small FOV located at the center of the gantry. This geometry has potential for cardiac SPECT imaging, provided that the patient's body can be offset properly and reliably to place his heart in the specified FOV. General design issues and potential configurations for such a cardiac SPECT system are presented.
A Note on Reinforcement of Polymer Matrix Composites Using Carbon Residues Derived From Woody Biomass (2010)

The mechanical properties of phenolic resin reinforced with three different carbon materials were investigated experimentally. The carbon materials: (1) commercially produced carbon nanotubes (CNTs), (2) flash-heated lignocellulose containing CNTs and carbon-black, and (3) cyclically oxidized lignocellulose (Goodell, B. et al. (2008). Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 8: 2472-2474) were added to phenolic resin in different weight percentages to fabricate composites. Carbon nanotubes were found to be an effective reinforcing filler increasing tensile strength by 45.34% and Young’s modulus by 19.08% with a 2% loading. The flash-heated material increased Young’s modulus by 11.04% with a 2% loading but did not affect tensile strength. The cyclically heated material did not contain CNTs, their inclusion in the composites reduced Young’s modulus and, for the 1% loading, reduced tensile strength as well.