gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Responses of Strawberry Species and Cultivars to the Root-lesion and Northern Root-knot Nematodes (2005)

The relative susceptibility of 44 genotypes of wild Fragaria L. and commercial cultivars of strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch . to Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood and Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev &amp; Shuurmans Stekhoven was evaluated in the greenhouse. Eleven genotypes were highly resistant to populations of M. hapla from Washington State and Oregon, with Rf values (initial nematode density/final population density) less than 0.5. However, root growth of most genotypes, including resistant genotypes, was reduced by M. hapla. Thirteen genotypes were ranked more resistant to P. penetrans than F. × ananassa `Totem', a susceptible cultivar. Root growth of most genotypes was not affected by P. penetrans under these experimental conditions. We conclude that commercial cultivars and wild Fragaria genotypes can provide a readily exploitable source of resistance to M. hapla. Conversely, sources of resistance to P. penetrans were uncommon in the germplasm evaluated. The F. × ananassa cultivars, which already have commercially important characteristics, appear to be a better source of resistance for both nematode species than the wild, unimproved germplasm.
ChemInform Abstract: Fused Bicyclic Vinylcyclopropanes from Intramolecular Alkylidene Carbene—Alkene Additions. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Histamine stimulates chloride secretion in omeprazole-inhibited frog gastric mucosa (1986)

Omeprazole (OME) stops hydrogen ion (H) secretion in the histamine (HIST)-stimulated gastric mucosa while the chloride (Cl) which had accompanied the H continues to be pumped into the lumen. This finding suggests that the Cl pump is independent of the H/K ATP-ase driven H pump. To test this hypothesis, 16 Ussing-chambered frog mucosas were exposed to OME prior to HIST stimulation. If the Cl pump is independent, HIST should stimulate Cl secretion in the OME-inhibited mucosa. A 1 hr control (CON) interval preceded exposure to OME (10/sup -4/M) in the nutrient solution. Potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (Isc), resistance (R), H flux (J/sup H/) and Cl flux (J/sup Cl/ with /sup 36/Cl) were measured every 15 min. After 1 hr of OME exposure, HIST (10/sup -5/M) was added to the nutrient solution. The findings demonstrate that HIST stimulates Cl secretion in the OME-inhibited bullfrog gastric mucosa.
Synthesis and Comprehensive Characterization of Hydrated Alkaline Earth Metal Salts of 5‐Amino‐1H‐tetrazole (2011)

Abstract Hydrated alkaline earth metal salts of 5‐amino‐1 H ‐tetrazole ( B ) were synthesized by reaction of B with a suitable metal hydroxide in water. All compounds were fully characterized by analytical (elemental analysis and mass spectrometry) and spectroscopic (IR, Raman, 1 H and 13 C NMR) methods. Additionally, the crystal structures of the magnesium [ 1· 4H 2 O: triclinic, P $\bar {1}$ , a = 5.940(1) Å, b = 7.326(1) Å, c = 7.383(1) Å, α = 106.10(1)°, β = 106.51(1)°, γ = 111.85(1)°, V = 258.0(1) Å 3 ], calcium [ 2· 6H 2 O: monoclinic, P 2 1 / m , a = 6.904(1) Å, b = 6.828(1) Å, c = 10.952(2) Å, β = 94.50(2)°, V = 514.6(1) Å 3 ], and strontium [ 3· 6H 2 O: orthorhombic, Cmcm , a = 6.987(1) Å, b = 28.394(2) Å, c = 7.007(1) Å, V = 1390.3(2) Å 3 ] were determined by low temperature X‐ray diffraction. Additionally, the (gas phase) structure of the 5‐amino‐1 H ‐tetrazole anion ([ B ] – ) was also studied by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis [B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p)]. Lastly, standard tests were used to determine the sensitivity towards impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge of the compounds and the thermal stability was assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis.
Divergently overlappingcis-encoded antisense RNA regulating toxin-antitoxin systems fromE. coli (2012)

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are categorized into three classes based on the type of antitoxin. In type I TA systems, the antitoxin is a small antisense RNA that inhibits translation of small toxic proteins by binding to the corresponding mRNAs. Those type I TA systems were originally identified as plasmid stabilization modules rendering a post-segregational killing (PSK) effect on the host cells. The type I TA loci also exist on the Escherichia coli chromosome but their biological functions are less clear. Genetic organization and regulatory elements of hok/sok and ldr/rdl families are very similar and the toxins are predicted to contain a transmembrane domain, but otherwise share no detectable sequence similarity. This review will give an overview of the type I TA modules of E. coli K-12, especially hok/sok, ldr/rdl and SOS-inducible symE/symR systems, which are regulated by divergently overlapping cis-encoded antisense RNAs.
Educational Robotics (2020)

The aim of this work is two-fold. On the one hand, the authors wish to provide relevant information to educators willing to develop an educational robotics (ER) curriculum. They thus provide the current state of the art in the field of ER and the various approaches reported in the literature. They also provide examples of how computational thinking (CT) can be applied in ER and main theories behind ER: constructivism, constructionism, and inquiry-based learning. As ER requires problem-solving abilities, they discuss the link between CT and metacognition, which is considered one of the required educational improvements of the 21st century (also related to the role of gender in STEM methodologies). On the other hand, they wish to present their methodology to teach coding and ER (coding robots through exploring their affordances – CREA), how it was designed, and its main outcomes. It aims at teaching programming and robotics to children in primary school, focusing not on only the performance of the students, but also the cultivation of collaboration, communication, creativity, and critical thinking.
Biological Roles of Map K Cascades in Breast Cancer Cells (1997)

Abstract : The purpose of this project is to better understand the signal transduction pathways that mediate growth inhibition of breast cancer cells. In fibroblasts, the classical MAPK pathway (Ras/Raf-1/MEK/ERK) mediates the proliferative response by growth factors; while the novel MAPK pathway (Ras/Rac/MEKK1/JNKK1/JNK) may be involved in growth inhibition. A growth factor receptor ErbB-2, which is a critical regulator of the growth and differentiation of breast cells, is overexpressed in 25% of human mammary tumors. Interestingly, its ligand NDF (neu differentiation factor) can either induce the proliferation or differentiation of breast cancer cells. Using mammary carcinoma cells, which proliferate or differentiate upon NDF addition, the respective roles of the two MAPK cascades in controlling cell growth and differentiation are examined. As demonstrated in this report, both the JNK and the ERK cascades are activated at similar kinetics in the differentiative AU565 and the proliferative SKBR3 cells. However, JNK is marginally activated in the proliferative MCF7 cells and not activated in the differentiative MDAMB453 cells. In contrast, ERK is strongly activated by NDF in MCF7 cells, while it is only moderately activated in MDAMB453 cells. Thus, no correlation has been found between the activation profile of the JNK and ERK cascades and the growth responses of the above four mammary carcinoma cells.
ROTATIONAL RELAXATION WITHIN $S_{2} (B^{3}\Sigma^{-}_{u}, v''=4)$ (1979)

$^{1}$T. A. Caughey and D. R. Crosley, J. Chem. Phys. 69, 3379 (1978).
Electrospinning of fibrous PHBV tissue engineering scaffolds: Fiber diameter control, fiber alignment and mechanical properties (2008)

Poly(hydroxybutrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) fibrous membranes were fabricated through electrospinning. The effects of polymer solution properties including solution concentration and salt addition were investigated such that uniform fibers with diameters ranging from several hundred nanometers to a few micrometers were successfully produced. It was found that the fiber diameter increased with polymer solution concentration and drastically decreased with the addition of benzyl triethylammonium chloride. For each type of PHBV polymer solution, fibrous membranes with different fiber orientations such as random fibers, aligned fibers and double-layered structures consisting of aligned fibers were produced and the effect of solution properties on fiber alignment was analyzed. The mechanical properties of fibrous membranes with different fiber diameters and different fiber orientations were systematically investigated using tensile tests. The aligned fibers exhibited high tensile strength along the fiber direction.
Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 31–40 (2017)

In this new series of Fungal Biodiversity Profiles, the authors describe ten Basidiomycetes, one recombination and nine taxa new to science, using both morphological and molecular data. Descriptions are provided for Craterellus parvogriseus sp. nov. (Cantharellales); for Lactifluus maenanensis sp. nov., Russula albidogrisea sp. nov., R. aureorubra sp. nov., R. aureoviridis sp. nov., R. obscuricolor sp. nov. and R. pauriensis sp. nov. (Russulales), for Xerocomus reticulostipitatus sp. nov. (Boletales) and for Leucocybe houghtonii comb. nov. and Amanita rajendrae sp. nov. (Agaricales).
Numerical Techniques in Electromagnetics with MATLAB, Third Edition (2009)

Continuing in the bestselling tradition of the first edition, this edition demonstrates how to pose, numerically analyze, and solve electromagnetic problems (EM). Significant updates include the transition of all FORTRAN code into the more widely used MATLAB format as well as improvements made to the standard algorithm for the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and the treatment of absorbing boundary conditions in FDTD, the finite element method, and the transmission-line-matrix method. In addition to updated examples and new homework problems throughout, the second edition adds a chapter on the method of lines. An appendix covers use of MATLAB code. A solution manual is available for qualifying instructors
Efficient Microwave Susceptor Design for Wafer Bonding Applications (2012)

This MSc Thesis demonstrates the use of a novel efficient metallic susceptor for generating controllable and rapid localized heating for low-cost substrate bonding using commercial microwave ovens. The microwave oven is modeled and enhanced microwave susceptors are designed based on electromagnetic simulations. The designed susceptors are then fabricated using a novel low cost prototyping technique for metal electrode patterning. Proposed prototyping technique utilizes a commercial CO2 laser cuter for metal patterning. Fabricated efficient susceptors are tested inside a commercial microwave oven and show controllable rapid selective heating. It is demonstrated that by use of proposed susceptors, a PMMA substrate can be heated up to 160 °C in less than 8 seconds. We have also demonstrated that the heat generation is localized and selective, making this technique promising for microfluidic or wafer bonding applications. The designed susceptors are then applied to PMMA microfluidics bonding showing a uniform bond along a 4 cm2 area. Bond strength characterizations show a minimum of 1.375 MPa failure pressure. Bonded micro-channels show no sign of leakage at flow rates up to 9.7 mL/min.
Ibrutinib for Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Safety and Pharmacokinetic Analysis in Patients Treated with Concomitant Antifungal CYP3A Inhibitors or Immunosuppressants (2018)

Background: Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Ibrutinib (ibr), a once-daily inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, is approved in the US for the treatment of adult patients (pts) with cGVHD after failure of 1 or more lines of systemic therapy. This approval was based on a recent phase 2 study in which ibr produced clinically meaningful and durable responses in pts who had failed at least 1 prior treatment for cGVHD (Miklos, ASH 2016). Here, we report safety in cGVHD pts treated concomitantly with ibr and immunosuppressants (ISTs) or antifungal CYP3A inhibitors. Methods: Pts who had received ≤3 prior regimens for cGVHD and had either >25% body surface area erythematous rash or NIH mouth score >4 were treated with daily ibr (420 mg) until cGVHD progression or unacceptable toxicity. The effect of antifungal CYP3A inhibitors and ISTs at baseline on pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety was evaluated. Results: Of 42 pts, 30 (71%) used moderate or strong (m/s) CYP3A inhibitors, including fluconazole (43%), voriconazole (14%), and posaconazole (10%), and 22 (52%) used IST, including tacrolimus (33%) and mycophenolate mofetil (10%), with ibr. During PK collection periods, 25 (60%) were receiving m/s CYP3A inhibitors. Dose reductions for CYP3A inhibitors were not mandated and all pts received ibr at full dose (420 mg). Pts on voriconazole/ posaconazole or fluconazole had mean steady-state area under the concentration-time curve that were 2.8-fold and 2.0-fold higher, respectively, than for pts who were not on m/s CYP3A inhibitors (Figure 1). Despite the higher ibr exposure, pts on m/s CYP3A inhibitors did not have a higher rate of grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) compared with those who were not on m/s CYP3A inhibitors (73% vs. 75%). Concomitant use of CYP3A inhibitors with ibr did not result in significant differences in dose reductions (37% vs. 17%, P = .282) or treatment discontinuations (43% vs. 25%, P = .316) due to AEs between the groups treated with or without CYP3A inhibitors. Similarly, the use of ibr with ISTs did not result in an increase in grade ≥3 AEs (77% vs. 70%), dose reductions due to AEs (23% vs. 40%), or treatment discontinuations due to AEs (27% vs. 50%) for pts treated with or without ISTs. No apparent significant predictive relationship was found between ibr exposure and best overall response rate in pts with cGVHD. Conclusions: Pts with cGVHD who are treated with concomitant antifungal CYP3A inhibitors have higher systemic exposure to ibrutinib, but this did not result in a major increase in AEs or a significant need for dose reductions or discontinuations. Similarly, the use of ISTs with ibr did not result in an increase in toxicity. These findings have led to specific dosing guidelines in the ibr label for the concomitant use of ibr with CYP3A inhibitors in pts with cGVHD, which differ from those for pts with B cell malignancies.
Genetic regulation of metastatic progression. (1990)

Metastasis is a complex process which results in the growth of tumor cells at sites distant from the primary neoplasm. It is likely that many of the large number of biological changes associated with metastatic ability are controlled through alterations in the expression of a relatively small number of key genes usually referred to as cellular oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. These genes are normally required for the regulation of growth-related processes in the cell, and alterations through mutations and/or expression are important in establishing metastatic properties of malignant cells. In this article, we review evidence indicating that oncogenes play an important role in metastatic spread, and we have placed emphasis on studies with the ras oncogenes. Metastatic progression is dependent upon an accumulation of multiple genetic changes in malignant cells. Therefore, we have also briefly addressed the related questions of altered growth factor regulation, and the cooperative interactions observed between dominantly acting oncogenes and between these genes, and tumor suppressor genes.
The effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a hospital avoidance program in a residential aged care facility: a prospective cohort study and modelled decision analysis (2020)

This study provides promising evidence for the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a nurse led, early intervention program in preventing unnecessary hospital admissions within a residential aged care facility. Further research in multi-site randomised studies is needed to confirm the generalisability of these results.
Genomic landscape of ERBB2/3 alterations in colorectal cancer: Comutations, immuno-oncology biomarkers, and consensus molecular subtype. (2022)

176 Background: ERBB2 is a rapidly emerging therapeutic target for a subset of colorectal cancer (CRC) harboring oncogenic alterations in this gene. Oncogenic ERBB3 mutations have been reported in various cancers including CRC, but little is known about its functional impact. Optimal targeting of this pathway requires understanding of the genomic context in which somatic ERBB2/3 alterations ( ERBB2/3-alt) occur in a real-world CRC population. Methods: We analyzed 7,688 de-identified records from CRC patients that underwent next generation sequencing with the Tempus|xT assay (DNA-seq of 648 genes at 500x coverage, full transcriptome RNA-seq). We assessed the prevalence and association of ERBB2/3-alt with demographics, co-occurring alterations, immuno-oncology biomarkers (microsatellite instability [MSI], tumor mutational burden [TMB], PD-L1 expression), and consensus molecular subtype (CMS, available for the subgroup with primary biopsies and RNA data [n = 2,686]). Results: Overall, 5% (376/7688) of tumors harbored an ERBB2 or ERBB3-alt. 1.9% (n = 143) ERBB2-amplified, 1.3% (n = 97) ERBB2-mutated, 0.9% (n = 72) ERBB3-mutated, &lt; 1% other combinations (excluded from analyses). There were no significant differences in baseline demographics (e.g., age of onset, race and gender) between groups. Patients with ERBB2/3-alt were more likely to be MSI-high and TMB-high (Table). There was a trend towards higher prevalence of positive PD-L1 in ERBB3-alt vs ERBB3-WT tumors. We observed significant differences in co-occurring alterations among ERBB2/3-alt and WT groups (Table). CMS classification did not identify significant differences by ERBB2-alt or ERBB3-alt; ERBB2-alt compared to WT (CMS1: 8.6% vs 13%; CMS2: 24% vs 26%; CMS3: 20% vs 17%; CMS4: 30% vs 34%; p = 0.12) and ERBB3-alt compared to WT (CMS1: 24% vs 13%; CMS2: 12% vs 26%; CMS3: 16% vs 17%; CMS4: 40% vs 34%; p = 0.3). Conclusions: ERBB2/3 mutated CRC are more frequently MSI-H, TMB-high and KRAS mutated than ERBB2/3-WT tumors. Correlation of ERBB2/3 alterations with other genomic alterations including BRAF, TP53, CDK12, PIK3CA, and TOP2A will help advance the clinical development of HER2-targeted therapies.[Table: see text]
N-Iodosuccinimide (2007)

[516-12-1] C4H4INO2 (MW 224.99) InChI = 1S/C4H4INO2/c5-6-3(7)1-2-4(6)8/h1-2H2 InChIKey = LQZMLBORDGWNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (electrophilic iodination of arenes, alkenes, and alkynes; activation of glycosyl donors) Alternate Name: NIS; 1-iodo-2,5-pyrrolidinedione. Physical Data: mp 193–199 °C (dec). Solubility: soluble in dioxane, THF, MeCN; insoluble in ether, CCl4. Form Supplied in: white powder; widely available, but quite expensive. Preparative Methods: reaction of N-silversuccinimide with I2 in anhydrous dioxane, removal of AgI by fitration, and addition of CCl4 to promote crystallization.1 Purification: recrystallization from dioxane–CCl4 at −20 °C. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stored at 0 °C under nitrogen, and protected from light and moisture to avoid decomposition; an irritating solid and precautions should be taken to avoid inhalation of the powder.
A ray tracing method for modeling indoor wave propagation and penetration (2002)

This paper presents a ray tracing method to evaluate the wave propagation and penetration properties for indoor wireless communications. Similar problems had been studied by other investigators. They used total path loss per transmission of structures or considered only reflections from boundaries to determine ray tracing contributions. We will demonstrate a ray tracing method which includes multiple reflections and transmissions in walls, ceiling, and floor for wave propagation and penetration between rooms. The building structures are modeled as flat slabs with uniform dielectric properties measured by using a free-space approach. A two-dimensional (2D) moment method solution is compared with the ray tracing method for 2D structures. Good agreements are obtained. Also, ray tracing results inside a two-room 3D structure are shown.
Chondrocyte viability in press‐fit cryopreserved osteochondral allografts (2004)

The viability of chondrocytes in press-fit glycerol-preserved osteochondral allografts was compared to that in fresh autografts, after transplantation into load-bearing and non-load-bearing sites in mature sheep stifle joints. We used macroscopic grading, tonometer pen indentation testing, histology, sulfate uptake and viability as determined by confocal-microscopy to assess cartilage condition. Despite there being no statistical differences between macroscopic appearance and tonometer testing of all grafts, confocal microscopy and histology demonstrated a positive effect of load-bearing placement on cryopreserved osteochondral allografts. Allografts transplanted into load-bearing sites demonstrated superior confocal microscopy-measured chondrocyte viability (77%+/-17%SD) than those transplanted into non-load-bearing sites (25%+/-2%). Load-bearing effect was not seen in autografts (78%+/-15%), and was comparable in adjacent cartilage (83%+/-9%). Similarly, load-bearing allografts demonstrated histological scoring closer to that of autografts and adjacent cartilage, all of which fared significantly better than non-load-bearing allografts. Load-bearing allografts had a greater amount of fibrocartilage than autografts or adjacent cartilage but less fibrocartilage than non-load-bearing allografts. Both autografts and allografts had non-significant increases in metabolism compared to adjacent cartilage as measured by sulfate-uptake. Load-bearing placement improved chondrocyte viability of glycerol cryopreserved osteochondral allograft following a press-fit implantation.
Low-temperature low-power PECVD synthesis of vertically aligned graphene (2020)

The need for 2D vertical graphene nanosheets (VGNs) is driven by its great potential in diverse energy, electronics, and sensor applications, wherein many cases a low-temperature synthesis is preferred due to requirements of the manufacturing process. Unfortunately, most of today's known methods, including plasma, require either relatively high temperatures or high plasma powers. Herein, we report on a controllable synthesis of VGNs at a pushed down low-temperature boundary for synthesis, the low temperatures (450 °C) and low plasma powers (30 W) using capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) driven by radio-frequency power at 13.56 MHz. The strategies implemented also include unrevealing the role of Nickel (Ni) catalyst thin film on the substrates (Si/Al). It was found that the Ni catalyst on Si/Al initiates the nucleation/growth of VGNs at 450 °C in comparison to the substrates without Ni catalyst. With increasing temperature, the graphene nanosheets become bigger in size, well-structured and well separated. The role of Ni catalysts is hence to boost the growth rate, density, and quality of the growing VGNs. Furthermore, this CCP method can be used to synthesize VGNs at the lowest temperatures possible so far on a variety of substrates and provide new opportunities in the practical application of VGNs.