gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Vibration and Vibration Fatigue Life for Small Bore Pipe in Nuclear Power Plants (2011)

The assessment method of the steady state vibration and vibration fatigue life of the small bore pipe in the supporting system of the nuclear power plants is proposed according to the ASME-OM3 and EDF evaluation methods.The GGR supporting pipe system vibration is evaluated with this method.The evalua-tion process includes the filtration of inborn sensitivity,visual inspection,vibration tests,allowable vibration effective velocity calculation and vibration stress calculation.With the allowable vibration effective velocity calculated and the vibration velocity calculated according to the acceleration data tested,the filtrations are performed.The vibration stress at the welding coat is calculated with the spectrum method and compared with the allowable value.The response of the stress is calculated with the transient dynamic method,with which the fatigue life is evaluated with the Miners linear accumulation model.The vibration stress calculated with the spectrum method exceeds the allowable value,while the fatigue life calculated from the transient dynamic method is larger than the designed life with a big safety margin.
Decreased levels of soluble amyloid β-protein precursor and β-amyloid protein in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2004)

Symptoms originating from the central nervous system (CNS) frequently occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These symptoms are extremely diverse, including a state of dementia. The aim of this study was to examine the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) content of soluble molecules indicating axonal degeneration and amyloidogenesis. One hundred and fourteen patients with SLE and age-matched controls were evaluated clinically, with magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and CSF analyses. Levels of tau, amyloid precursor protein (APP), beta-amyloid protein (Abeta42), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) were all determined using sandwich ELISAs.APP and Abeta42 levels were significantly decreased in SLE patients irrespective of their CNS involvement, as compared with healthy controls. Patients with neuropsychiatric SLE who underwent a second lumbar puncture following successful cyclophosphamide treatment showed further decreases of Abeta42. CSF-tau levels were significantly increased in SLE patients showing magnetic resonance imaging-verified brain pathology as compared with SLE patients without such engagement. Importantly, tau levels displayed significant correlation to Abeta42 levels in the CSF. Finally, TGF-beta levels were significantly increased in patients with neuropsychiatric SLE as compared with those without. Low intrathecal levels of Abeta42 found in SLE patients seem to be a direct consequence of a diminished production of APP, probably mediated by heavy anti-inflammatory/immuno-suppressive therapy. Furthermore, our findings suggest that CSF tau can be used as a biochemical marker for neuronal degeneration in SLE. Finally, the increased TGF-beta levels observed may support a notion of an ongoing anti-inflammatory response counteracting tissue injury caused by CNS lupus.
In-situ electrochemical analysis of microbial activity (2018)

Microbes have a wide range of metabolic capabilities available that makes them industrially useful organisms. Monitoring these metabolic processes is a crucial component in efficient industrial application. Unfortunately, monitoring these metabolic processes can often be invasive and time consuming and expensive, especially within an anaerobic environment. Electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) offer a non-invasive approach to monitor microbial activity and growth. EIS and CV were used to monitor Clostridium phytofermentans, an anaerobic and endospore-forming bacterium. C. phytofermentans ferments a wide range of sugars into hydrogen, acetate, and ethanol as fermentation by-products. For this study, both traditional microbiological and electrochemical techniques were used to monitor the growth of C. phytofermentans and the formation of fermentation products. An irreversible reduction peak was observed using CV beginning at mid-logarithmic phase of growth. This peak was associated with C. phytofermentans and not the spent medium and was indicative of a decrease in carbon and energy sources to the cells. Additionally, EIS analysis during growth provided information related to increased charge transfer resistance of the culture also as a function of carbon and energy source depletion. Results demonstrate that CV and EIS are useful tools in the monitoring the physiological status of bioprocesses.
Sarcomere mechanics in striated muscles: from molecules to sarcomeres to cells (2017)

Muscle contraction is commonly associated with the cross-bridge and sliding filament theories, which have received strong support from experiments conducted over the years in different laboratories. However, there are studies that cannot be readily explained by the theories, showing <i>1</i>) a plateau of the force-length relation extended beyond optimal filament overlap, and forces produced at long sarcomere lengths that are higher than those predicted by the sliding filament theory; <i>2</i>) passive forces at long sarcomere lengths that can be modulated by activation and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, which changes the force-length relation; and <i>3</i>) an unexplained high force produced during and after stretch of activated muscle fibers. Some of these studies even propose "new theories of contraction." While some of these observations deserve evaluation, many of these studies present data that lack a rigorous control and experiments that cannot be repeated in other laboratories. This article reviews these issues, looking into studies that have used intact and permeabilized fibers, myofibrils, isolated sarcomeres, and half-sarcomeres. A common mechanism associated with sarcomere and half-sarcomere length nonuniformities and a Ca<sup>2+</sup>-induced increase in the stiffness of titin is proposed to explain observations that derive from these studies.
Development of an itraconazole-loaded gelatin microcapsule with enhanced oral bioavailability: physicochemical characterization and in-vivo evaluation (2010)

The itraconazole-loaded gelatin microcapsule without ethanol developed using a spray-drying technique at half the dose of the commercial product can deliver itraconazole in a pattern that allows fast absorption in the initial phase, making it bioequivalent to the commercial product.
Data from Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Is Required for Nurse-like Cell Survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Monocytes and their progeny are abundant constituents of the tumor microenvironment in lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Monocyte-derived cells, including nurse-like cells (NLC) in CLL, promote lymphocyte proliferation and survival, confer resistance to chemotherapy, and are associated with more rapid disease progression. Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) regulates the homeostatic survival of tissue-resident macrophages. Therefore, we sought to determine whether CSF-1R is similarly required for NLC survival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; CSF-1R expression by NLC was examined by flow cytometry and IHC. CSF-1R blocking studies were performed using an antagonistic mAb to examine its role in NLC generation and in CLL survival. A rational search strategy was performed to identify a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting CSF-1R. The influence of TKI-mediated CSF-1R inhibition on NLC and CLL viability was examined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We demonstrated that the generation and survival of NLC in CLL is dependent upon CSF-1R signaling. CSF-1R blockade is associated with significant depletion of NLC and consequently inhibits CLL B-cell survival. We found that the JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor pacritinib suppresses CSF-1R signaling, thereby preventing the generation and survival of NLC and impairs CLL B-cell viability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; CSF-1R is a novel therapeutic target that may be exploited in lymphoproliferative disorders, like CLL, that are dependent upon lymphoma-associated macrophages. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6118–28. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Protected Carotid-Artery Stenting versus Endarterectomy in High-Risk Patients (2004)

Carotid endarterectomy is more effective than medical management in the prevention of stroke in patients with severe symptomatic or asymptomatic atherosclerotic carotid-artery stenosis. Stenting with the use of an emboli-protection device is a less invasive revascularization strategy than endarterectomy in carotid-artery disease.
Acetaldehyde contamination of water, alcoholic, and non-alcoholic beverages stored in glass or plastic bottles (2015)

Acetaldehyde is a naturally found chemical in food substances characterized by a fruity aroma at low levels. However, high levels of acetaldehyde can add to or change the taste of foods and beverages. More importantly, acetaldehyde has recently been found to be possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). In this investigation, the amounts of acetaldehyde in several alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages consumed in Greece, including red or white wine, retsina, tsipouro, grappa, fruit-based liqueurs, beers with different alcohol content as well as mineral water, soft drinks, and fruit juices were measured. The analytical method used is based on derivatization of acetaldehyde with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and its subsequent measurement using high performance liquid chromatography. High concentrations (median, min–max) were detected in grappa (29.4, 29.2–52.7 mg L−1) and tsipouro (17.1, 0.8–55.6 mg L−1), followed by beer (6.8, 6.7–6.9 mg L−1) and red wine (3.7, 1.6–29.4 mg L−1); the lowest levels were detected in soft drinks (0.067, 0.033–0.075 mg L−1) and mineral water (0.04, 0.002--0.096 mg L−1). Levels of acetaldehyde in retsina were very high (68.1, 63.9--68.3 mg L−1) when after opening, the wine remained in plastic bottles for a long time, much higher than in samples taken from just opened bottles (7.2, 7.1–7.4 mg L−1). The amount of acetaldehyde shows some positive correlation to the alcoholic content. These results suggest that regulatory measures and consumer guidance may be necessary for acetaldehyde in beverages.
Cooperation of SRC-1 and p300 With NF-κB and CREB in Angiotensin II-Induced IL-6 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2007)

Ang II-induced IL-6 expression requires NF-kappaB and CREB as well as ERK-dependent histone acetylation mediated by p300 and SRC-1. These results provide new insights into nuclear chromatin mechanisms by which Ang II regulates inflammatory gene expression.
Self‐Capacitance (2013)

This chapter focuses on development of high-frequency model of inductors. The impedance of inductors is studied as a function of frequency. Physics-based analytical expressions for self-capacitances of foil winding inductors, single-layer, and multilayer round wire inductors are also derived using geometrical methods. Finally, an expression for the first self-resonant frequency is given. The stray capacitance, models the parasitic capacitive coupling between the terminals of the inductor. The charge is not uniformly distributed on the wire surface, but it has higher density on the adjacent sides of the conductors. An analytical method is used to determine the self-capacitance of a single-layer inductor. Controlled Vocabulary Terms capacitance; conductors; inductors
Protein Solubilization (2018)

Abstract To address the anticipated global need for increased protein supply for human nutrition, particularly for developing and underdeveloped regions, concerted efforts are required. Although animal proteins satisfy nutrition needs, they may not be acceptable to all consumers either due to their cost or dietary restrictions followed by the consumer. Soybean has served as a nonanimal protein source; however, alternative protein sources will need to be cultivated and explored in the future to satisfy anticipated increased global needs. To effectively utilize a food protein source, separation of proteins from the nonprotein components present in that source is often needed or desired. Such separation requires understanding of protein properties and interactions of the protein with its environment. In chemical separation processes, protein solubility is a critical property as it often governs protein preparation and utilization and is the focus of this review. Emphasis is on nontraditional protein sources.
Context-aware Access Control in Pervasive Healthcare (2005)

Progress in mobile devices, wireless networks and context-aware is bringing pervasive healthcare into reality. In the comfort of their own homes, with the help of wireless PDAs and portable computers, people may enjoy high quality care from a well-orchestrated team of healthcare professionals. The technical challenges include context-awareness, access authorization, privacy, and mobility. This paper presents a rule-based approach to context-aware access control in pervasive healthcare. This system is designed to work on resource-limited mobile devices over a peer-to-peer wireless network. Dynamic access authorization is achieved on the mobile device in real time by actively collecting context information, integrating the appropriate access control rules, and performing logical inference. Performance evaluations of the prototype implementation show the efficiency of the proposed access authorization.
An empirical energy potential with a reference state for protein fold and sequence recognition (1999)

We consider modifications of an empirical energy potential for fold and sequence recognition to represent approximately the stabilities of proteins in various environments. A potential used here includes a secondary structure potential representing short-range interactions for secondary structures of proteins, and a tertiary structure potential consisting of a long-range, pairwise contact potential and a repulsive packing potential. This potential is devised to evaluate together the total conformational energy of a protein at the coarse grained residue level. It was previously estimated from the observed frequencies of secondary structures, from contact frequencies between residues, and from the distributions of the number of residues in contact in known protein structures by regarding those distributions as the equilibrium distributions with the Boltzmann factor of these interaction energies. The stability of native structures is assumed as a primary requirement for proteins to fold into their native structures. A collapse energy is subtracted from the contact energies to remove the protein size dependence and to represent protein stabilities for monomeric and multimeric states. The free energy of the whole ensemble of protein conformations that is subtracted from the conformational energy to represent protein stability is approximated as the average energy expected for a typical native structure with the same amino acid composition. This term may be constant in fold recognition but essentially varies in sequence recognition. A simple test of threading sequences into structures without gaps is employed to demonstrate the importance of the present modifications that permit the same potential to be utilized for both fold and sequence recognition. Proteins 1999;36:357-369. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Fractional Convection-Diffusion Equations (2014)

We propose a discontinuous Galerkin method for fractional convection-diffusion equations with a superdiffusion operator of order $\alpha (1<\alpha<2)$ defined through the fractional Laplacian. The fractional operator of order $\alpha$ is expressed as a composite of first order derivatives and a fractional integral of order $2-\alpha$. The fractional convection-diffusion problem is expressed as a system of low order differential/integral equations, and a local discontinuous Galerkin method scheme is proposed for the equations. We prove stability and optimal order of convergence ${\cal O}(h^{k+1})$ for the fractional diffusion problem, and an order of convergence of ${\cal O}(h^{k+\frac{1}{2}})$ is established for the general fractional convection-diffusion problem. The analysis is confirmed by numerical examples.
Intensity of Physical Activity in the Energy Expenditure of Older Adults (2014)

This study examined the intensity of activity contributing to physical activity energy expenditure in older adults. In 57 men and women aged ≥ 65, total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured using doubly labeled water and resting metabolic rate was measured using indirect calorimetry to calculate a physical activity index (PAI). Sedentary time and physical activity of light and moderate to vigorous (mod/vig) intensity was measured using an accelerometer. The subjects were 75 ± 7 yrs (mean ± SD) of age and 79% female. Subjects spent 66 ± 8, 25 ± 5, and 9 ± 4% of monitor wear time in sedentary, light, and mod/vig activity per day, respectively. In a mixture regression model, both light (β = 29.6 [15.6-43.6, 95% CI]), p < .001) and mod/vig intensity activity (β = 28.7 [7.4-50.0, 95% CI]), p = .01) were strongly associated with PAI, suggesting that both light and mod/vig intensity activities are major determinants of their physical activity energy expenditure.
Comparative Study of Skin Color Detection and Segmentation in HSV and YCbCr Color Space (2015)

This paper presented a comparative study of human skin color detection HSV and YCbCr color space. Skin color detection is the process of separation between skin and non-skin pixels. It is difficult to develop uniform method for the segmentation or detection of human skin detection because the color tone of human skin is drastically varied for people from one region to another. Literature survey shows that there is a variety of color space is applied for the skin color detection. RGB color space is not preferred for color based detection and color analysis because of mixing of color (chrominance) and intensity (luminance) information and its non uniform characteristics. Luminance and Hue based approaches discriminate color and intensity information even under uneven illumination conditions. Experimental result shows the efficiency of YCbCr color space for the segmentation and detection of skin color in color images.
Data from CSPG4-Specific Immunity and Survival Prolongation in Dogs with Oral Malignant Melanoma Immunized with Human CSPG4 DNA (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Due to the many similarities with its human counterpart, canine malignant melanoma (cMM) is a valuable model in which to assess the efficacy of novel therapeutic strategies. The model is herein used to evaluate the immunogenicity, safety, and therapeutic efficacy of a human chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-4 (hCSPG4) DNA-based vaccine. The fact that homology between hCSPG4 and cCSPG4 amino-acidic sequences stands at more than 80% provides the rationale for using an hCSPG4 DNA vaccine in the cMM model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Dogs with stage II–III surgically resected CSPG4-positive oral MM were subjected to monthly intramuscular plasmid administration, which was followed immediately by electroporation (electrovaccination) for at least 6, and up to 20, months. The immunogenicity, safety, and therapeutic efficacy of the vaccine have been evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; hCSPG4 electrovaccination caused no clinically relevant local or systemic side effects and resulted in significantly longer overall and disease-free survival times in 14 vaccinated dogs as compared with 13 nonvaccinated controls. All vaccinated dogs developed antibodies against both hCSPG4 and cCSPG4. Seven vaccinated dogs were also tested for a cCSPG4-specific T-cell response and only two gave a detectable interferon (IFN)γ response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Xenogeneic electrovaccination against CSPG4 is able to overcome host unresponsiveness to the “self” antigen and seems to be effective in treating cMM, laying the foundation for its translation to a human clinical setting. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(14); 3753–62. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Excited-State Copper-Catalyzed [4 + 1] Annulation Reaction Enables Modular Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated-γ-Lactams (2022)

Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactams continue to attract attention due to the importance of this structural motif in organic chemistry. Herein, we report the development of a visible-light-induced excited-state copper-catalyzed [4 + 1] annulation reaction for the preparation of a wide range of γ-H, -OH, and -OR-substituted α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactams using acrylamides as the 4-atom unit and aroyl chlorides as the 1-atom unit. This modular synthetic protocol features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and high functional group tolerance. The reaction is amenable to late-stage diversification of complex molecular architectures, including derivatives of marketed drugs. The products of the reaction can serve as versatile building blocks for further derivatization. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest an inner-sphere catalytic cycle involving photoexcitation of the Cu(BINAP) catalyst, single-electron transfer, and capture of radical intermediates by copper species, followed by reductive elimination or protonation to give the desired γ-functionalized α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactams.
DNA Methylation Changes Correlate with Gleason Score and Tumor Stage in Prostate Cancer (2011)

DNA methylation, a widely used epigenetic mark, has been associated with many tumors. However, few studies have addressed the role of cell-free plasma DNA methylation in discriminating aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) from indolent cases. We conducted a case series and a case-control study among histologically confirmed stage II/III cases and matched controls recruited at Columbia University Medical Center. The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma DNA methylation levels are appropriate surrogate biomarker of PCa tumor tissue levels and whether these markers are associated with worse clinicopathological tumor characteristics, which correlate with poorer prognosis. Quantitative pyrosequencing was used to detect methylation levels of p16 (CDKN4A), APC, GSTP1, and LINE-1 in 24 pairs of prostate tumor and adjacent tissues, as well as 27 plasma samples of PCa patients and 24 of controls. DNA methylation levels were significantly higher in tumor tissue than in adjacent nontumor tissue for p16 (CDKN4A), GSTP1, and APC; GSTP1 had a higher average percentage methylation in tumor tissue (38.9%) compared with p16 (CDKN4A) (5.9%) and APC (14.5%). GSTP1, p16 (CDKN4A), and APC methylation in tumor tissue was statistically significantly higher for cases with Gleason score ≥7 compared with those with Gleason score <7 [49.0% vs. 21.9% (p=0.01), 6.6% vs. 4.5% (p=0.04), and 19.1% vs. 7.4% (p=0.02), respectively]. Plasma LINE-1 methylation levels were higher in those with higher Gleason (67.6%) than in those with Gleason's below 7 (64.6%, p=0.03). Significant plasma-tissue correlations were observed for GSTP1 and LINE-1 methylation. These data, although preliminary, suggest that aberrant methylation may be a useful marker to identify PCa patients with clinically aggressive disease.
High-speed nanoscale metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors with terahertz bandwidth (2010)

A model for the maximum bandwidth achievable in metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors is developed and simulated to determine the dimensions required for terahertz bandwidth. The bandwidth is found to exceed 1THz for devices with line pitch less than 100 nm.