gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracer kinetic model for quantitative imaging of thymidine ultilization using [C-11] thymidine and PET (1994)

2-[C-11]thymidine, a marker of thymidine incorporation into DNA, is a PET tracer for assessing tumor proliferation. Quantitation of thymidine images is complicated by the presence of C-11 labeled metabolites, which include thymidine degradation products such as thymine, as well as labeled carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}). We have therefore formulated and analyzed a compartmental model of tracer and metabolite distribution for the estimation of the thymidine incorporation rate (TIR), which is closely tied to the DNA synthetic rate. During [C-11]thymidine studies, the activities of intact thymidine (Tdr), labeled CO{sub 2} (CO{sub 2}), and labeled non-carbon dioxide metabolites (Met) are measured from blood samples. The model uses these blood time-activity curves as the inputs to three separate sets of compartments representing tissue Tdr, Met, and CO{sub 2}. There are 9 parameters to be estimated by optimization of the model, given the three input functions and a tissue time-activity curve obtained from PET images taken over the 60 minutes following injection. The TIR is estimated from the rate constants for transfer between the plasma and the Tdr tissue compartments. To simplify parameter estimation, we have determined through sensitivity analysis and simulations that 4 of the parameters can be fixed to physiological reasonable valuesmore » without overly biasing the estimate of the TIR. The remaining 5 parameters, including those necessary to estimate the TIR, can be floated in the optimization and reliably determined. Simulations show that errors in the assumed values for the fixed parameters lead to worst-case errors in the TIR estimate on the order of 25-30%. We therefore conclude that quantitative imaging of tumor proliferation with [C-11]thymidine is feasible and may be advantageous in tumor imaging, particularly following the response of tumors to therapy.« less
Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of qacA - and qacB -Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Causing Bloodstream Infections (2019)

The increasing use of chlorhexidine for methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) decolonization has raised concerns about the emergence of resistance to these agents. However, the clinical significance of MRSA positive for the <i>qacA</i> and <i>qacB</i> chlorhexidine tolerance genes has not been established. We investigated the clinical features and predictive factors of MRSA bloodstream infection (BSI) isolates, caused by <i>qacA</i>- and <i>qacB</i>-positive MRSA, from 2010 to 2016 at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. A total of 246 MRSA BSI isolates were included; 71 (28.9%) isolates carried <i>qacA/B</i> The annual frequency of <i>qacA</i>- and <i>qacB</i>-positive MRSA bacteremia did not change significantly over the study period. Patients infected with <i>qacA</i>- and <i>qacB</i>-positive MRSA had common risk factors for health care-associated infections, including prior antibiotic use, central venous catheterization <i>in situ</i>, intensive care unit-acquired bacteremia, and nosocomial infection. The <i>qacA</i>- and <i>qacB</i>-positive isolates were also associated with an increasing chlorhexidine MIC and resistance to non-β-lactam antibiotics. The <i>qacA</i>- and <i>qacB</i>-positive isolates were more likely to belong to sequence type 5 (ST5), which is a common health care-associated MRSA strain in South Korea. In multivariable analyses, <i>qacA</i>- and <i>qacB</i>-positive MRSA isolates were found to be associated with <i>agr</i> dysfunction (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.59 to 16.10), ST5 MRSA strain (aOR, 4.96; 95% CI, 1.85 to 13.26), nosocomial infection (aOR, 4.88; 95% CI, 2.20 to 10.83), and antibiotic use within the previous 3 months (aOR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.20 to 5.59). These findings suggest that the microbiological features of <i>qacA</i> and <i>qacB</i> carriage provide a selective advantage for specific MRSA strains in hospital environments.
Tumor-associated methylation of the putative tumor suppressor AJAP1 gene and association between decreased AJAP1 expression and shorter survival in patients with glioma (2011)

Allelic loss of the short arm of chromosome 1 has been observed frequently in a wide spectrum of cancers, most frequently in oligodendroglioma. In our previous studies, we evaluated 177 oligodendroglial tumor samples and identified the AJAP1 gene (formerly Shrew1) in the consensus region of deletion. AJAP1 is a transmembrane protein found in adheren junctions and functions to inhibit glioma cell adhesion and migration. Whereas a putative tumor suppressor gene, we did not detect AJAP1 gene mutations. In subsequent studies, we found that AJAP1 was underexpressed in oligodendrogliomas relative to normal brain tissues. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the presence of CpG islands in the promoter of AJAP1. Methylation analysis of the AJAP1 promoter identified hypermethylation in 21% of oligodendrogliomas (n =27), and the degree of methylation correlated with low levels of AJAP1 expression (P = 0.045). The AJAP1 promoter was also highly methylated in a wide spectrum of cell lines (n = 22), including cell lines of glioblastoma. Analysis of the National Cancer Institute's REMBRANDT dataset, which contains 343 glioma samples, indicated that low AJAP1 gene expression was associated with decreased survival. Thus, both genetic (gene deletion) and epigenetic alterations (promoter methylation) are likely mechanisms that inactivate the putative tumor suppressor AJAP1 in gliomas, which contributes to poor prognosis.
Some Biological Effects of Intense High Frequency Airborne Sound (1948)

Some experiments have been conducted to determine the effect of intense high frequency airborne sound on mice and a variety of insects. The sound source was a high frequency siren. The frequency used was about 20 kc and its acoustic level, in the region where the subjects were placed, was between 160 and 165 db (relative to 10−16 watts/cm2). With sufficient exposure—from 10 seconds for flies and mosquitoes to 3 or 4 minutes for roaches and caterpillars—the sound proved lethal in all cases. More detailed work was performed on mice and the roach, Periplaneta americana. In both cases it was definitely established that the heating produced by sound absorption was sufficient to cause death. In addition to the heating there are other effects, notably tissue rupture, as evidenced by the almost complete destruction of the wings on flies and mosquitoes and the rapid deterioration and final disappearance of the external pinna of a mouse which had received a sub-lethal dose. During observations it has been impossible to completely avoid personal exposure to the sound field and some of the effects observed under these conditions will be described. These include momentary dizziness, and heating of exposed parts of the hand.
Ab initio calculation of Raman vibrational signatures of 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2007)

The Raman vibrational frequencies in the finger print region (700-1600 cm<sup>-1</sup>) have been calculated for 2,4- dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The Raman vibrational intensities and frequencies for these molecules have been calculated using B3LYP Density Functional Theory method with 6-311+G** and Sadlejs medium-sized polarized basis sets (Sadlej pVTZ). The normal mode assignments in the finger print region were carried out by Normal Coordinate Analysis, where localized and de-localized coordinates were used to facilitate an accurate description of the vibrational modes. The Raman intensities were calculated from the Raman scattering cross sections using the ab initio calculated Raman scattering activities. Comparison of these intensities using different basis sets indicates that the Sadlej pVTZ basis sets increase the calculated intensities for the NO<sub>2</sub> symmetric stretching and bending frequencies by more than 15 % relative to 6-311+G** basis. The potential energy distribution for the symmetric and asymmetric NO<sub>2</sub> stretches indicates that 2-NO<sub>2</sub> and 6-NO<sub>2</sub> couple strongly in 2,6-DNT and 2,4,6-TNT, while 2-NO<sub>2</sub> and 4-NO<sub>2</sub> groups couple weakly in 2,4- DNT. These findings suggest that the coupling strength of 2-NO<sub>2</sub>, 6-NO<sub>2</sub> and 4-NO<sub>2</sub> groups can be used to distinguish between dinitro and trinitro toluenes.
The Frequency of Spectroscopic Binaries in NGC 6475 (1970)

This cluster is known to have unusually low projected rotational velocities among its B stars, in contrast to the Pleiades, a cluster of the same age, which has unusually high rotational velocities. In NGC 6475 eight of the nineteen brightest main-sequence stars are found to be short-period spectroscopic binaries; orbital elements are given for these. This frequency is high relative to that for field stars and especially high relative to that for the Pleiades, among whosc B stars no short-period binaries were found. It is concluded that low rotational velocities are probably caused primarily by tidal interactions in binary systems and that open clusters differ significantly in their binary frequencies.
RETRACTED: Role of MicroRNA 30a Targeting Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 in Colorectal Tumorigenesis (2015)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in many types of malignant diseases, including colorectal cancer. miRNA 30a (miR-30a) is a member of the miR-30 family and has been implicated in many types of cancers. In this study, we determined the expression of miR-30a in human colon cancer tissues and cell lines. miR-30a was found to be significantly downregulated in both the tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-30a inhibited, while silencing of miR-30a promoted, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Consistently, stable overexpression of miR-30a suppressed the growth of colon cancer cell xenografts in vivo. Moreover, bioinformatic algorithms and luciferase reporter assays revealed that insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) is a direct target of miR-30a. Further functional studies suggested that repression of IRS2 by miR-30a partially mediated the tumor suppressor effect of miR-30a. In addition, miR-30a inhibited constitutive phosphorylation of Akt by targeting IRS2. Additionally, clinicopathological analysis indicated that miR-30a has an inverse correlation with the staging in patients with colon cancer. Taken together, our study provides the first evidence that miR-30a suppressed colon cancer cell growth through inhibition of IRS2. Thus, miR-30a might serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for colon cancer treatment.
Influence of electron irradiation and postannealing on photoluminescence of GaInNaS/GaAs quantum wells (2005)

We investigated the effects of 7-MeV electron irradiation (2/spl times/10/sup 13/ and 2/spl times/10/sup 16/ cm/sup -2/ doses) and postannealing on photoluminescence (PL) from 1.3-/spl mu/m GaInNAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells (QWs) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. A small enhancement (27%) in PL intensity is found for the lower dose whereas a noticeable deterioration in PL intensity is seen for the higher dose. When annealed at 650 /spl deg/C for 1 min the sample irradiated to the dose of 2/spl times/10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/ underwent a similar enhancement and blue-shift in PL as the nonirradiated sample. In contrast, a much strong PL is observed for the sample irradiated to the dose of 2/spl times/10/sup 16/ cm/sup -2/ as compared to the nonirradiated sample. This irradiation-promoted enhancement in PL is accompanied by a small additional blue-shift as well as by small changes in x-ray diffraction rocking curves, which indicate small changes in quantum-well alloy composition or structure.
The Banality of Evil Reconsidered: SS Mid-Level Managers of Extermination Through Work (1997)

Historians have mostly, and with good reason, examined the industrial exploitation of concentration-camp prisoners from the standpoint of its injustice. Studies have covered either the politics which led to forced labor, the involvement of individual factories where prisoners suffered starvation and death, or the harrowing experience of the Victims. Yet few have considered forced labor as the perpetrators saw it: coldly, as a colossal managerial problem. A surprisingly small number, no more than 200 top and mid-level bureaucrats within the Wirtschaftsverwaltungshauptamt of the SS (WVHA), brokered prisoners to labor sites across the Reich, and, after 1941, across the breadth of Europe. Of course, many more German managers were involved in the execution of forced labor programs, and an examination of the WVHA can by no means capture the whole picture.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Method for Synthesis of 2‐Acetylbenzo[b]thiophene and Its Derivatives (III), the Key Synthons for 5‐Lipoxygenase Inhibitors. (2010)

ChemInformVolume 41, Issue 46 Heterocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Method for Synthesis of 2-Acetylbenzo[b]thiophene and Its Derivatives (III), the Key Synthons for 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors. Sanjay R. Chemburkar, Sanjay R. Chemburkar Manuf. Sci. Technol., Global Pharm. Oper., Abbott Lab., North Chicago, IL 60064, USASearch for more papers by this authorDavid G. Anderson, David G. Anderson Manuf. Sci. Technol., Global Pharm. Oper., Abbott Lab., North Chicago, IL 60064, USASearch for more papers by this authorRajarathnam E. Reddy, Rajarathnam E. Reddy Manuf. Sci. Technol., Global Pharm. Oper., Abbott Lab., North Chicago, IL 60064, USASearch for more papers by this author Sanjay R. Chemburkar, Sanjay R. Chemburkar Manuf. Sci. Technol., Global Pharm. Oper., Abbott Lab., North Chicago, IL 60064, USASearch for more papers by this authorDavid G. Anderson, David G. Anderson Manuf. Sci. Technol., Global Pharm. Oper., Abbott Lab., North Chicago, IL 60064, USASearch for more papers by this authorRajarathnam E. Reddy, Rajarathnam E. Reddy Manuf. Sci. Technol., Global Pharm. Oper., Abbott Lab., North Chicago, IL 60064, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 October 2010 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201046099Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume41, Issue46November 16, 2010 RelatedInformation
A unified framework for hybrid control: model and optimal control theory (1998)

We propose a very general framework that systematizes the notion of a hybrid system, combining differential equations and automata, governed by a hybrid controller that issues continuous-variable commands and makes logical decisions. We first identify the phenomena that arise in real-world hybrid systems. Then, we introduce a mathematical model of hybrid systems as interacting collections of dynamical systems, evolving on continuous-variable state spaces and subject to continuous controls and discrete transitions. The model captures the identified phenomena, subsumes previous models, yet retains enough structure to pose and solve meaningful control problems. We develop a theory for synthesizing hybrid controllers for hybrid plants in all optimal control framework. In particular, we demonstrate the existence of optimal (relaxed) and near-optimal (precise) controls and derive "generalized quasi-variational inequalities" that the associated value function satisfies. We summarize algorithms for solving these inequalities based on a generalized Bellman equation, impulse control, and linear programming.
Sequential decoding of convolutional codes by a compressed multiple queue algorithm (1994)

The conventional multiple stack algorithm (MSA) is an-efficient approach for solving erasure problems in sequential decoding. However, the requirements of multiple stacks and large memory make its implementation difficult. Furthermore,the MSA allows only one stack to be in use at a time: the ether stacks will stay idle until the process in that stack is terminated. Thus it seems difficult to implement the MSA with parallel processing technology. A two-stack scheme is proposed to achieve similar effects to the MSA. The scheme greatly reduces the loading for data transfer and I/O complexity required in the MSA, and makes parallel processing possible. An erasure-free sequential decoding algorithm for convolutional codes, the compressed multiple-queue algorithm (CMQA), is introduced, based on systolic priority queue technology, which-can reorder the path metrics in a short and constant time. The decoding speed will therefore be much faster than in traditional sequential decoders using sorting methods. In the CMQA, a systolic priority queue is divided into two queues by adding control signals, thereby simplifying implementation. Computer simulations show that the CMQA outperforms the MSA in bit error rate, with about one-third the memory requirement of the MSA.
3D Modeling of Building Indoor Spaces and Closed Doors from Imagery and Point Clouds (2015)

3D models of indoor environments are increasingly gaining importance due to the wide range of applications to which they can be subjected: from redesign and visualization to monitoring and simulation. These models usually exist only for newly constructed buildings; therefore, the development of automatic approaches for reconstructing 3D indoors from imagery and/or point clouds can make the process easier, faster and cheaper. Among the constructive elements defining a building interior, doors are very common elements and their detection can be very useful either for knowing the environment structure, to perform an efficient navigation or to plan appropriate evacuation routes. The fact that doors are topologically connected to walls by being coplanar, together with the unavoidable presence of clutter and occlusions indoors, increases the inherent complexity of the automation of the recognition process. In this work, we present a pipeline of techniques used for the reconstruction and interpretation of building interiors based on point clouds and images. The methodology analyses the visibility problem of indoor environments and goes in depth with door candidate detection. The presented approach is tested in real data sets showing its potential with a high door detection rate and applicability for robust and efficient envelope reconstruction.
Role of lysyl oxidase like 1 in regulation of postpartum connective tissue metabolism in the mouse vagina† (2019)

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in lysyl oxidase like-1 knockout (Loxl1 KO) mice occurs primarily in parous mice and is rare in nulliparous mice. We determined the effect of Loxl1 deficiency on postpartum regulation of connective tissue metabolism genes and degradative enzyme activity in the vagina at 20 days gestation or 4 h, 48 h, 7 days, 15 days, 25 days, 7 weeks, or 12 weeks postpartum. Nulliparous Loxl1 KO and wildtype (WT) mice aged 11, 18, or 23 weeks were controls. Gene expression and enzyme activity were assessed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and fluorescein conjugated gelatin zymography, respectively. Parity, but not aging, had a significant influence on gene expression both with time postpartum and between KO and WT mice. Mmp2, Timp1, Timp2, Timp3, Timp4, Col1a1, Col3a1, Acta2, and Bmp1 were differentially expressed between KO and WT mice. Correlational analysis of gene-gene pairs revealed 10 significant differences between parous KO and WT groups, 5 of which were due to lack of co-expression of Bmp1 in KO mice. The overall enzyme activity that could be attributed to MMPs was significantly higher in WT compared to KO mice both 25 days and 12 weeks postpartum, and MMP activity was significantly lower 15 days and 25 days postpartum compared to KO nulliparous controls, but not WT. These findings suggest that Loxl1 deficiency combined with parity has a significant impact on postpartum regulation of connective tissue metabolism, particularly as it relates to co-expression of Bmp1 and altered proteolytic activity.
Solid state hydrogen gas generator. [Reaction between metal hydrides and ammonium halides] (1973)

Cellulose and xylan are two major components of lignocellulosic biomass, which represents a potentially important energy source, as it is abundant and can be converted to methane by microbial action. However, it is recalcitrant to hydrolysis, and the establishment of a complete anaerobic digestion system requires a specific repertoire of microbial functions. In this study, we maintained 2-year enrichment cultures of anaerobic digestion sludge amended with cellulose or xylan to investigate whether a cellulose- or xylan-digesting microbial system could be assembled from sludge previously used to treat neither of them. While efficient methane-producing communities developed under mesophilic (35°C) incubation, they did not under thermophilic (55°C) conditions. Illumina amplicon sequencing results of the archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes revealed that the mature cultures were much lower in richness than the inocula and were dominated by single archaeal (genus Methanobacterium) and bacterial (order Clostridiales) groups, although at finer taxonomic levels the bacteria were differentiated by substrates. Methanogenesis was primarily via the hydrogenotrophic pathway under all conditions, although the identity and growth requirements of syntrophic acetate-oxidizing bacteria were unclear. Incubation conditions (substrate and temperature) had a much greater effect than inoculum source in shaping the mature microbial community, although analysis based on unweighted UniFrac distance found that the inoculum still determined the pool from which microbes could be enriched. Overall, this study confirmed that anaerobic digestion sludge treating nonlignocellulosic material is a potential source of microbial cellulose- and xylan-digesting functions given appropriate enrichment conditions.
Joe L. Martinez Jr. (1944–2020) (2020)

Neuroscientist and advocate of inclusion
Visible-Light-Induced Oxazoline Formations from N-Vinyl Amides Catalyzed by an Ion-Pair Charge-Transfer Complex (2021)

Visible-light photoredox catalysis plays an important role in various reactions which are inaccessible under typical thermal conditions. Distinctly different from common visible-light photoredox catalysis which often involves transition-metal complexes, conjugated organic dyes, or electron donor–acceptor complexes, herein, the use of ion-pair charge-transfer (IPCT) complex-induced visible-light photoredox catalytic reactions are described, wherein the cyclization–methoxylation of N-vinyl amides in methanol was achieved under irradiation with blue LEDs. The reaction employs a heteroarenium iodide as the photocatalyst and can be extended to cyclization–alkoxylation, −acyloxylation, and −hydroxylation. This protocol provides an eco-friendly synthetic route to a wide range of oxazoline derivatives. Mechanistic investigations with UV–visible spectroscopy and control experiments confirm the existence of the IPCT absorption band in the visible region for the heteroarenium iodide, which is responsible for the observed reactivity.