gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Very High Surface Capacity Observed Using Si Negative Electrodes Embedded in Copper Foam as 3D Current Collectors (2014)

Cu foam is evaluated as a replacement for metal foil current collectors to create 3D composite electrodes with the objective to produce Si‐based anodes with high loadings. The electrodes are prepared by casting the slurry into the porosity of the foam. With such a design, the loading and the surface capacity can reach values as high as 10 mg cm −2 and 10 mAh cm −2 . Compared to the common 2D design, the 3D copper framework shows a great advantage in the cycle life (more than 400 cycles at a Si loading of 10 mg cm −2 with commercial micrometric particles) and power performance. The thinness of the composite coating on the foam walls favors a better preservation of the electronic wiring upon cycling and fast lithium ion diffusion. A higher coulombic efficiency in half cells with lithium metal as the counter electrode is achieved by using carbon nanofibers (CNF) rather than carbon black (CB). The possibility to reach, in practice, higher surface capacity could allow a significant increase in both the volumetric and gravimetric energy densities by 23% and 19%, respectively, for the Cu foam‐silicon//LiFePO 4 stack compared to the graphite/LiFePO 4 stack of traditional design.
HIGH-RESOLUTION NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF He/N$_2$/H$_2$ POSITIVE-COLUMN PLASMAS (2005)

{M. Okumura, B. D. Rehfuss, B. M. Dinelli, M. G. Bawendi, and T. Oka, J. Chem. Phys. \textbf{90{Y. Kabbadj, T. R. Huet, D. Uy, and T. Oka, J. Mol. Spectrosc. \textbf{175{G. Osmann, P. R. Bunker, P. Jensen, and W. P. Kraemer, J. Mol. Spectrosc. \textbf{186
Improved Quality of Glycemic Control and Reduced Glycemic Variability with Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (2009)

Continuous access to display of CGM sensors dramatically improved 29 indices of glycemic control and glycemic variability.
Warming increases the risk of civil war in Africa (2009)

Armed conflict within nations has had disastrous humanitarian consequences throughout much of the world. Here we undertake the first comprehensive examination of the potential impact of global climate change on armed conflict in sub-Saharan Africa. We find strong historical linkages between civil war and temperature in Africa, with warmer years leading to significant increases in the likelihood of war. When combined with climate model projections of future temperature trends, this historical response to temperature suggests a roughly 54% increase in armed conflict incidence by 2030, or an additional 393,000 battle deaths if future wars are as deadly as recent wars. Our results suggest an urgent need to reform African governments' and foreign aid donors' policies to deal with rising temperatures.
Measuring and Improving Compositional Generalization in Text-to-SQL via Component Alignment (2022)

In text-to-SQL tasks -- as in much of NLP -- compositional generalization is a major challenge: neural networks struggle with compositional generalization where training and test distributions differ. However, most recent attempts to improve this are based on word-level synthetic data or specific dataset splits to generate compositional biases. In this work, we propose a clause-level compositional example generation method. We first split the sentences in the Spider text-to-SQL dataset into sub-sentences, annotating each sub-sentence with its corresponding SQL clause, resulting in a new dataset Spider-SS. We then construct a further dataset, Spider-CG, by composing Spider-SS sub-sentences in different combinations, to test the ability of models to generalize compositionally. Experiments show that existing models suffer significant performance degradation when evaluated on Spider-CG, even though every sub-sentence is seen during training. To deal with this problem, we modify a number of state-of-the-art models to train on the segmented data of Spider-SS, and we show that this method improves the generalization performance.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Trabectedin Efficacy in Ewing Sarcoma Is Greatly Increased by Combination with Anti-IGF Signaling Agents (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2. Time course of EWS-FLI1 association with IGF-1R promoter and EWS-FLI1 occupacy on IGF-1 promoter.&lt;/p&gt;
Free and bound excitons in GaN∕AlGaN homoepitaxial quantum wells grown on bulk GaN substrate along the nonpolar (112¯0) direction (2005)

Nonpolar multiple quantum wells (MQWs) have been grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy on bulk GaN crystals oriented along the (112¯0) direction. The photoluminescence intensity of the nonpolar MQWs was significantly higher than that found for the polar samples, both at low (10 K) and room temperature. This is a consequence of the lack of built-in electric field in samples grown along the (112¯0) direction. Clearly resolved spectra of the excitons have been observed in the studied MQWs. Studies of these excitonic structures, by means of polarization and temperature measurements enabled us to assign the observed lines to free and bound excitons in GaN quantum wells.
The North American Berdache [and Comments and Reply] (1983)

The status of berdache among North American Indians was filled by persons, usually male, who remained members of their biological gender but assumed important social characteristics of the other gender. Concentrated in western and midwestern North America, berdaches were few. The status tended to disappear after Indian societies came under outside political control. Male berdaches, particularly, combined the social roles assigned to both genders. They could dress like women, combine male and female dress, or alternate modes of dress. Their occupational role permitted a combination of male and female work to achieve exceptional productivity. Gender mixing also characterized their sexual behavior; often homosexual, they showed strong tendencies toward a bisexual orientation. Their transformation often required supernatural validation. The ritual roles of male berdaches, like other features of their status, rested on their definition as nonwomen. Traditional explanations of the berdache status seem based upon misunderstanding of its features. It was not a status instituted for homosexuals; homosexuality was a reflex of assuming the status rather than a factor promoting its assumption, and much homosexuality occurred outside it. Nor was it designed for males who feared the warrior role or the male role in general. We suggest that while women could engage in high-prestige male activities, such as warfare, without changing their gender status, they insisted that males who entered the female occupational sphere assume an intermediate gender status.
Tumor-secreted vascular permeability factor increases cytosolic Ca2+ and von Willebrand factor release in human endothelial cells. (1991)

Vascular permeability factor (VPF), a tumor-secreted heparin-binding protein (Mr approximately 38,000), is responsible for increased vessel permeability and fluid accumulation associated with tumor growth. Vascular permeability factor also promotes the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) and bovine pulmonary ECs in vitro. It is shown for the first time that guinea pig VPF (half-maximal and maximal dose approximately 0.4 and 22 pmol/l (picomolar), respectively), as well as human VPF, are potent stimuli for human ECs resulting in [Ca2+]i increases (maximal three- to fourfold) and inositol triphosphate (IP3) formation. Unlike the maximal responses to thrombin and histamine, the [Ca2+]i response to a maximal VPF dose was preceded by a characteristic 10- to 15-second delay. Guinea pig VPF also selectively increased [Ca2+]i in cultured aortic and pulmonary artery ECs, but not aortic smooth muscle cells, human fibroblasts, or neutrophils. Affinity-purified rabbit antibody (raised to a synthetic peptide representing VPF N-terminal amino acids 1 to 24) adsorbed all vessel permeability-increasing activity, EC growth-promoting activity, and specifically all activity responsible for increasing EC [Ca2+]i. Similar to other mediators that increase [Ca2+]i in cultured ECs, VPF also induced a 200% increase in von Willebrand factor release. Together these data indicate that VPF acts directly on ECs and that rapid cellular events in its in vivo/in vitro actions are likely to involve phospholipase C activation, [Ca2+]i increase, and von Willebrand factor release.
Demethylation of 7-methylguanosine with lithium 2-methylpropane-2-thiolate (1973)

7-Methylguanosine, a component of transfer ribonucleic acid, is demethylated to guanosine, its presumed biochemical precursor, by a powerful new nucleophilic reagent, lithium 2-methylpropane-2-thiolate in hexamethylphosphoramide.
Preliminary results from the first in human study of activin-A inhibitor, STM434, in patients with granulosa cell ovarian cancer and other advanced solid tumors. (2016)

5536 Background: STM 434 is an ACVR2B soluble receptor ligand trap that inhibits activin-A, a protein in the TGF-beta superfamily implicated in tumor growth, angiogenesis and immune modulation. Mutant FOXL2 drives activin A signaling and is present in ~97% of adult-type granulosa cell tumors. Methods: Using a 3+3 dose escalation design, the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of STM 434 IV every 2-4 weeks was evaluated. All patients (pts) continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. CT scans were performed every 8-12 weeks. Results: We report interim January 2016 data in 22 pts who received STM 434 at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/kg. Tumor types included ovarian cancer (n = 14; 9 granulosa cell, 3 serous, and 2 clear cell), colon (n = 2), and other solid tumors (n = 6). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were fatigue (n = 8), abdominal pain (n = 6), headache (n = 4), rash (n = 4), and epistaxis (n = 4); AEs were generally Grade 1-2. One DLT of self-limited peritoneal bleeding in a patient with clear cell ovarian cancer and peritoneal metastases was observed at the 0.5 mg/kg dose. At 0.75 mg/kg Grade 1 spider angioma was observed in one pt. The mean T1/2 was 5-7 days, and PK was linear between 0.25 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg. STM 434 administration resulted in the expected pharmacodynamic response to activin A inhibition with follicle stimulating hormone levels decreasing in a majority of patients. Stable disease (SD) up to 7 months in duration has been observed in 5/22 (23%) of pts including four granulosa cell tumor pts. The pt with spider angioma, who had a granulosa cell tumor, had a 20% reduction in tumor linear diameter. The SD rate in granulosa tumors was 4/9 (44%). Conclusions: Single agent STM 434 showed an acceptable safety profile in patients with advanced solid tumors and early evidence of clinical activity, particularly in patients with granulosa cell ovarian cancer. The MTD has not been determined and dose escalation is ongoing to determine the recommended phase 2 dose. Clinical trial information: NCT02262455.
Incremental Runtime Verification of Probabilistic Systems (2012)

Abstract. Probabilistic verification techniques have been proposed for runtime analysis of adaptive software systems, with the verification results being used to steer the system so that it satisfies certain Qualityof-Service requirements. Since systems evolve over time, and verification results are required promptly, efficiency is an essential issue. To address this, we present incremental verification techniques, which exploit the results of previous analyses. We target systems modelled as Markov decision processes, developing incremental methods for constructing models from high-level system descriptions and for numerical solution using policy iteration based on strongly connected components. A prototype implementation, based on the PRISM model checker, demonstrates performance improvements on a range of case studies. 1
Soft Palate Implants for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2006)

C-4.
Effect of surface scattering on the extraordinary Hall coefficient in ferromagnetic films (2002)

The effect of surface scattering on the extraordinary Hall coefficient has been studied in thin films of nickel and granular $\mathrm{Ni}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ mixtures. The surface scattering contributions to the Hall coefficient and longitudinal resistivity have been extracted from the respective total values. The temperature-independent linear relation between the two parameters has been found. Different scattering mechanisms need to be separated, and the applicability of the existing models for heterogeneous systems with spatially extended scattering centers should be reexamined.
Mol*: Towards a Common Library and Tools for Web Molecular Graphics (2018)

Advances in experimental techniques are providing access to structures of ever more complex and larger macromolecular systems. Web-browser based visualization and analysis of macromolecular structures and associated data represents a crucial step in gaining knowledge from these data. A common library and a set of tools for working with such macromolecular data sets would streamline this step. We present a project called Mol* (/'mol-star/) whose goal is to provide a common library and a set of tools for macromolecular data visualization and analysis. The project includes modules for data storage, in-memory representation, query language, UI state management, and visualization; and tools for efficient data access.
False path exclusion in delay analysis of RTL-based datapath-controller designs (1996)

We present an accurate delay estimation algorithm at the register transfer level. We introduce resource binding as an important source of false paths in a register transfer level structure. Path mismatching between two path segments may create another type of false path when the data path and controller interact. The existence and creation of such paths and their effect in delay analysis are discussed. We also introduce the Propagation Delay Graph (PDG), whose traversal, for delay analysis, is equivalent to the traversal of sensitizable paths in the datapath.
Stability of piperacillin sodium in the presence of tazobactam sodium in 5% dextrose and normal saline injections (1994)

The stability of piperacillin sodium in the presence of tazobactam sodium in 5% dextrose and normal saline i.v. admixtures has been determined using a modified stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatography assay method reported in the literature. The solutions were stored at room and refrigerator temperatures in plastic bags. They remained clear throughout the study although the pH values decreased slightly during storage. The solutions were stable for 2 days at 25 degrees C and for 28 days at 5 degrees C. Tazobactam sodium appears to have a slight adverse effect on the stability of piperacillin sodium.
Electrical Measurement of Rock Deformation and Rock Fracture by Blasting (1968)

The methods that are commonly used in civil engineering for the purposes of locating sites for construction of dams and reservoirs, of locating ground water, of determining the thickness of weathering layers, of locating fault zones, of locating sites for tunnel construction, and for keeping precise well logs, are by electrical prospecting.In the present paper, a new electrical method to measure the deformation and the fracture of rocks caused in consequence of the blasting, is proposed and explained as experimented in the cases of the Nagano Dam, Electric Power Development Co., Ltd. (Figs. 3, 4 and 5), the Kiso Tunnel, Kansai Electric Power Co., Ltd. (Figs. 6 and 7) and the Kubiki Tunnel, Japanese National Railways (Figs. from 8 to 13).In blasting high pressure compressive waves are produced which propagate themselves through the earth structure surrounding the blasting point. By these waves deformation and fracture are generated in the earth structure and so variation of earth resistivity takes place. There are two kinds of the variation of the resistivity. One of these, known as the seismic electric effect, is the variation generated by the deformation only during the presence of the waves. The other one is the variation generated by the fracture which does not return to the initial earth structural condition.The variation of the resistivity of the first kind is shown in Fig. 4. The variation of the resistivity of the second kind is shown in Fig. 5, 6 and 7.The relations between the resistivity and porosity are shown in Eqs. (2) and (3).This electrical method is valid in investigating the blasting effects in civil engineering.
Microesferas de quitosano para textiles dermoprotectores (2019)

Una de las formas más frecuentes de sistemas capaces de portar y administrar principios activos en forma controlada en un sitio de acción específico, protegiéndolo del medio circundante, es la microesfera. Un material interesante para generar microesferas son los polímeros biodegradables, entre los cuales destaca el quitosano debido a su asequibilidad, biodegradabilidad y biocompatibilidad. Dentro de los campos de aplicación, los cosmetotextiles son productos que portan ingredientes cosméticos que pueden liberarse gradualmente en la piel del usuario y que pueden generarse incorporando al textil microgeles cargados con diversas sustancias. En este trabajo se describe la preparación de una serie de microesferas de quitosano cargadas con retinil palmitato (éster de la vitamina A utilizado en formulaciones para el cuidado de la piel), mediante un proceso simple, económico, industrialmente escalable y amigable con el medio ambiente, para su utilización posterior en la fabricación de un textil funcional con propiedades dermoprotectoras.
Enhancement of light extraction in GaInN light-emitting diodes by conductive omni-directional reflectors (2006)

Enhancement of light extraction in a GaInN light-emitting diode employing a conductive omnidirectional reflector consisting of GaN, an indium-tin oxide nanorod low-refractive-index layer, and an Ag layer is presented.
Discriminative approach to dynamic variance adaptation for noisy speech recognition (2011)

The performance of automatic speech recognition suffers from severe degradation in the presence of noise or reverberation. One conventional approach for handling such acoustic distortions is to use a speech enhancement technique prior to recognition. However, most speech enhancement techniques introduce artifacts that create a mismatch between the enhanced speech features and the acoustic model used for recognition, therefore limiting the improvement in recognition performance. Recently, there has been increased interest in methods capable of compensating for such a mismatch by accounting for the feature variance during decoding. In this paper, we propose to estimate the feature variance using an adaptation technique based on a discriminative criterion. In an experiment using the Aurora2 database, the proposed method could achieve significant digit error rate reduction compared with a spectral subtraction pre-processor, and using a discriminative criterion for adaptation provided further improvement compared with maximum likelihood estimation.
Pressure-saturation discrimination for an underground blow-out seismic data of North-Sea (2012)

Expressions for estimation of changes in saturation and pore-pressure using time lapse seismic data have been derived and tested on a North Sea blow-out 2D seismic site survey data set. We analyze one sand layer at 490 m depth that was gas charged due to the blow-out. Near and far offset data is taken as input seismic attributes for the baseline seismic survey and the repeat survey. In this example, AVO calibration factor is estimated by comparing sea-bottom reflection amplitude with modeled seismic responses based on Zoeppritz's equation. Estimated change in gas saturation is well predicted. The method also predicts negative pore pressure change inside the “reservoir” and confirms that this change is maximum near to the blow-out well (2/4-14).
Neuronal plasticity during sleep slow wave oscillations (2014)

Sleep is critical for regulation of synaptic efficacy, consolidation of memories and learning. It has been proposed that synaptic plasticity associated with sleep rhythms could contribute to consolidation of memories acquired during wakefulness. It was suggested that in the active state of sleep slow wave oscillation, the hippocampal formation activates latent memories stored in the neocortex (replay) and induce permanent changes in synaptic conductances.

In this study, we present a thalamocortical network model of the slow-wave sleep activity characterized by repeatable (< 1 Hz) transitions between active (Up) and silent (Down) states of the network. The model consisted a layer of thalamic relay (TC) and reticular (RE) neurons in the thalamus as well as a model of cortical column with pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons. All neurons were modeled based on the Hodgkin-Huxley kinetics. Spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity was implemented to regulate synaptic efficacy. The slow oscillation was driven by intracortical dynamics; active states were initiated by the spontaneous miniature synaptic releases at different network sites [1] and propagated within the cortical network. The properties of slow oscillations depended on the intrinsic conductances, miniature synaptic releases, and the synaptic strength. In agreement with previous experimental studies, transition from the active to the silent state occurred more synchronously than the active state initiation.

We found that the pattern of the active state propagation depended on the spatiotemporal pattern of activity on the previous cycle of slow oscillation and could be influenced by external input. Because of the refractoriness properties of the network, a probability of the next active state initiation was higher for the network site that initiated activity at the previous cycle. Furthermore, even weak external stimulation delivered to the network results in increase probability of up-state induction at the stimulation location. This suggests that spatially and temporally sparse hippocampal input could influence the spatiotemporal pattern of slow oscillation.

Location of the initiation site and the pattern of active state propagation determined the relative timing of spiking in cortical neurons. When spike-time dependent synaptic plasticity (STDP) was implemented, there was a net decrease in synaptic strengths and, at the same time, an increase in the strength of specific synapses which were associated with the sequence replay. The change in synaptic weights between any two neurons was determined by the direction of active state propagation and by the distance between the neurons.

Our study propose a mechanism of how interaction between cortically generated slow waves and sparse external input, possibly representing input from hippocampal formation, may lead to reorganization of synaptic strength during stage 3/4 sleep.