gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mosquito Staging Apparatus for Producing PfSPZ Malaria Vaccines (2019)

This paper describes the design of a fully automated apparatus to dispense mosquitoes into isolate units. This automation system consists of several process units including (1) facilitating the water vortex with a fan-shape rotor to gently transport the mosquitoes to the sorting slides with a conical geometry, (2) exploiting slides to guide mosquitoes to turntables driven by gears one by one, and (3) reorienting the mosquito until its proboscis points outward along the radial direction of the cone, aided by computer vision. This automation system serves as the first processing stage for collecting mosquito salivary glands. The sporozoites contained in the mosquito glands are the source material to produce Sanaria's first generation PfSPZ vaccines. The Mosquito Staging System can dramatically enhance the mass production of Malaria Vaccine which is essential to prevent the propagation of Malaria.
Computing distance distributions from dipolar evolution data with overtones: RIDME spectroscopy with Gd(iii)-based spin labels (2017)

Extraction of distance distributions between high-spin paramagnetic centers from relaxation induced dipolar modulation enhancement (RIDME) data is affected by the presence of overtones of dipolar frequencies. As previously proposed, we account for these overtones by using a modified kernel function in Tikhonov regularization analysis. This paper analyzes the performance of such an approach on a series of model compounds with the Gd(iii)-PyMTA complex serving as paramagnetic high-spin label. We describe the calibration of the overtone coefficients for the RIDME kernel, demonstrate the accuracy of distance distributions obtained with this approach, and show that for our series of Gd-rulers RIDME technique provides more accurate distance distributions than Gd(iii)-Gd(iii) double electron-electron resonance (DEER). The analysis of RIDME data including harmonic overtones can be performed using the MATLAB-based program OvertoneAnalysis, which is available as open-source software from the web page of ETH Zurich. This approach opens a perspective for the routine use of the RIDME technique with high-spin labels in structural biology and structural studies of other soft matter.
Coffee sector efficiency and equity (2011)

Coffee sector is an important sector for small farmers in most of the producing countries, where it plays an important role in national economies. Despite the renowned quality of their production and the high price fetched by their coffee, some of the countries exhibit a pattern of declining production. Two of them, Costa Rica and Kenya, are presented here as case study for comparative purpose. The poster presents an analysis of the structure and the functioning of the commodity chain of coffee in Costa Rica and Kenya using available secondary data and genuine data of direct interview of stakeholders of the 2 commodity chain. We especially compare their efficiency, their pattern of income distribution and their impact on the small farmer access to market. The comparison showed that Kenya and Costa Rica have both a predominant smallholder coffee farmers sector. But they are enforcing 2 different types of regulation to facilitate farmers' access to market: Kenya chose an auction system while Costa Rica implemented a margin regulated commodity chain. The structure and governance of the 2 systems led to differential margin received by farmers. The difference in the level of cooperatives development appears as a key factor in the functioning of the commodity chain and small farmers access to market. Based on these results, we finally propose some specific key recommendations to improve small farmers access to market in both countries.
A Symmetric Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Method with Local Time Stepping for Anisotropic Elasticity Problems (2016)

We present and analyse a Symmetric Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin (SIPDG) method combined with an explicit hybrid Local Time Stepping (LTS) scheme for solving seismic wave problems in heterogeneous anisotropic elastic media. The discontinuous Galerkin method allows for local adjustment of the mesh size and approximation order, and can deal with unstructured non-conforming meshes of mixed types. Furthermore, when using orthogonal basis functions and an explicit time integration scheme, the method becomes fully explicit and inherently parallel, making it an attractive method for seismic applications involving large three-dimensional domains, sharp material contrasts, and detailed internal structures.
Some chemical processes utilizing oleic safflower oil (1970)

Abstract Oleic safflower seed (UC‐1) produces an oil containing approximately 80% oleic acid and 12% linoleic acid. The oil is a source of high quality oleic acid, and fatty acids from the oil may be used without further separation in some applications where technical oleic acid is now used, since oleic safflower free fatty acids have a a higher oleic acid content than good commercial grades of oleic acid. A high purity oleic acid can be produced by urea fractionation. Ozonization of the oil followed by reductive cleavage yields pelargonaldehyde and nearly colorless aldehyde oils. Ozonization of a crude mixture of oleic safflower acids followed by oxidative cleavage provides high yields of azelaic acid and pelargonic acid. In contrast, ozonization of free fatty acids from polyunsaturated vegetable oils produces azelaic acid and mixtures of lower molecular weight carboxylic acids with smaller amounts of pelargonic acid. Furtherore, ozone consumption is lower and reaction time is shorter when oleic safflower acids are used in place of more highly unsaturated fatty acids.
Analysis of erectile responses to H2S donors in the anesthetized rat (2015)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a biologically active endogenous gasotransmitter formed in penile tissue that has been shown to relax isolated cavernosal smooth muscle. In the present study, erectile responses to the H2S donors sodium sulfide (Na2S) and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) were investigated in the anesthetized rat. Intracavernosal injections of Na2S in doses of 0.03-1 mg/kg increased intracavernosal pressure and transiently decreased mean arterial pressure in a dose-dependent manner. Blood pressure responses to Na2S were rapid in onset and short in duration. Responses to Na2S and NaHS were similar at doses up to 0.3 mg/kg, after which a plateau in the erectile response to NaHS was reached. Increases in intracavernosal pressure in response to Na2S were attenuated by tetraethylammonium (K(+) channel inhibitor) and iberiotoxin (large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel inhibitor), whereas glybenclamide [ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channel inhibitor] and inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, cyclooxygenase, and cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase had no effect. These data indicate that erectile responses to Na2S are mediated by a tetraethylammonium- and iberiotoxin-sensitive mechanism and that KATP channels, NO, or arachidonic acid metabolites are not involved. Na2S did not alter erectile responses to sodium nitroprusside (NO donor) or cavernosal nerve stimulation, indicating that neither NO nor cGMP metabolism are altered. Thus, Na2S has erectile activity mediated by large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels. It is suggested that strategies that increase H2S formation in penile tissue may be useful in the treatment of erectile dysfunction when NO bioavailability, KATP channel function, or poor responses to PGE1 are present.
Synthesis of Some New Nucleoside Analogues as Potential Antiviral Agents (1993)

Abstract A novel series of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues was synthesized. 2,3-Dideoxy-2,3-anhydro-β-D-lyxofuranose was opened by sodium azide to give the corresponding azido compound, which was reduced by lithium aluminium hydride to lead to 2,3-dideoxy-2,3-epimino-β-D-ribofuranose. Pyrimidine bases were glycosylated with this synthon to give potential antiviral molecules: 1-(2,3-dideoxy-2,3-epimino-β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrimidines.
Decentralized Goal Assignment and Safe Trajectory Generation in Multirobot Networks via Multiple Lyapunov Functions (2019)

This article considers the problem of decentralized goal assignment and trajectory generation for multirobot networks when only local communication is available and proposes an approach based on methods related to switched systems and set invariance. A family of Lyapunov-like functions is employed to encode the (local) decision making among candidate goal assignments, under which a group of connected agents chooses the assignment that results in the shortest total distance to the goals. An additional family of Lyapunov-like barrier functions is activated in the case when the optimal assignment may lead to colliding trajectories, maintaining thus system safety while preserving the convergence guarantees. The proposed switching strategies give rise to feedback control policies that are computationally efficient and scalable with the number of agents and, therefore, suitable for applications, including first-response deployment of robotic networks under limited information sharing. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated via simulation results and experiments with six ground robots.
Separation of Ventricular Tachycardia From Sinus Rhythm Using a Practical, Real‐Time Template Matching Computer System (1992)

Template matching morphology analysis of the intraventricular electrogram (IVEG) has been proposed for inclusion in implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) to reduce the number of false ventricular tachyarrhythmia detections caused by rate overlap between ventricular tachycardia (VT) and sinus tachycardia and/or supraventricular tachycardia. Template matching techniques have been developed that reduce the computational complexity while preserving the perceived important aspects of electrogram amplitude and baseline independence found in such computationally unsolved methods as correlation waveform analysis (CWA). These methods have been shown to work as well as CWA for separation of VT, however, they have not been proven in real-time on a system that incorporates many of the constraints of present day ICDs. The present study was undertaken with two purposes: (1) to determine if real-time IVEG template matching analysis on an ICD sensing emulator was accurate in separating VT from sinus rhythm (SR) electrograms; and (2) to compare amplitude normalized area of difference (NAD) with signature analysis (SIG), a new, computationally less expensive technique that normalizes for amplitude variation within the expected physiological level of variability. In this study, IVEGs, obtained from 16 patients who underwent electrophysiological study (EPS) for evaluation of sustained ventricular arrhythmia, were digitized to 250 Hz with 6-bit quantization after filtering (16-44 Hz) and differentiation. After an SR template was selected and periodically updated, it was compared to subsequent IVEGs using NAD and SIG. In general, SIG calculates the fraction of samples occurring outside template window boundaries. Eleven-beat running medians from beat-by-beat NAD and SIG results were determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Semiconductor microcavities for enhanced nonlinear optics interactions (2008)

Semiconductor microcavities offer a unique way to enhance nonlinear optical processes through light confinement in space and time. In this article we review two different nonlinear optics semiconductor-based applications that benefit from the microcavity setting. Firstly, we discuss a difference frequency generation scheme in a GaAs microdisk. Secondly, we show how a recently demonstrated source of counter-propagating twin photons can display a sensible performance improvement when combined with a vertical cavity.
Regulation of Lipolysis in Adipocytes (2007)

Lipolysis of white adipose tissue triacylglycerol stores results in the liberation of glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids that are released into the vasculature for use by other organs as energy substrates. In response to changes in nutritional state, lipolysis rates are precisely regulated through hormonal and biochemical signals. These signals modulate the activity of lipolytic enzymes and accessory proteins, allowing for maximal responsiveness of adipose tissue to changes in energy requirements and availability. Recently, a number of novel adipocyte triacylglyceride lipases have been identified, including desnutrin/ATGL, greatly expanding our understanding of adipocyte lipolysis. We have also begun to better appreciate the role of a number of nonenzymatic proteins that are critical to triacylglyceride breakdown. This review provides an overview of key mediators of lipolysis and the regulation of this process by changes in nutritional status and nutrient intakes.
Automatic measurement of garment dimensions using machine vision (2010)

In view of the existing situation of manual measurement of garment dimensions, machine vision has been used widely in automatic measurement of garment dimensions. In this paper, adaptive median filter algorithm is adopted to eliminate the garment image noise; a fast fuzzy edge-detection algorithm is used to detect the edge of garment image; and a new corner-detection algorithm based on Freeman code is invoked to locate the corner points. The experiment results show that the proposed method can successfully remove impulsive noise and non-impulsive noise from garment image, and can detect the edge and corners of garment image exactly, the measured dimensions approach to the actual ones. Furthermore, the method is simple, robust, and has fast processing speed.
TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF SUPERCONDUCTING Pb MICROBRIDGES IRRADIATED BY PICOSECOND LASER PULSES AND ITS POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS (1980)

We have observed voltage pulses having half-widths of less than 500ps generated by constant-current-biased superconducting Pb variable thickness microbridges driven normal by short (3-5ps) light pulses. This represents a first step in the effort to generate even shorter pulses, which according to our analysis of the Rothwarf-Taylor equations should be possible. The ultimate width should be equal to the phonon pair-breaking time, which for materials such as Nb can be as short as a few picoseconds. In addition to monitoring the voltage pulses directly, we have used a novel adoption of the optical autocorrelation technique having a time resolution limited only by the laser pulse width. It is pointed out that even shorter voltage pulses, and therefore greater potential for device applications, can be achieved by direct injection of quasiparticles.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF PERORAL CHOLANGIOSCOPY FOR BILIARY DISEASE USING NARROW BAND IMAGING (2007)

Regarding peroral cholangioscopy (POCS) for biliary disease, due to the recent appearance of a video cholangioscope that can obtain high‐quality images, it is possible to observe subtle changes of the biliary mucosa. In addition to the conventional observation method using POCS, the biliary mucosa with also observed with narrow band imaging (NBI) in one case of chronic cholangitis and four cases of extra hepatic bile duct tumor (three surgical cases). In the conventional observation method, the vessels in the surface layer of the biliary mucosa could be observed more clearly using NBI. In one case in which a tumor was observed, the irregularity of the biliary mucosa became clear on NBI, and the vessels inside a papillary tumor could also be easily observed. In another case of bile duct tumor, the conventional observation method showed a region in the proximity of the tumor where the vessels could not be seen clearly, but they could be seen clearly on NBI. In all of the cases, the bile juice was seen as red on NBI, which disturbed the observation. With POCS using NBI, it was possible to observe the vessels and irregularities in the surface layer of the biliary mucosa more clearly than with conventional observation methods.
Dendrimer Diffusion in κ-Carrageenan Gel Structures (2009)

The effect of the kappa-carrageenan concentration on gel microstructure and self-diffusion of polyamideamine dendrimers has been determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), image analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusometry. Different salt conditions of KCl, NaCl, and mixtures thereof allowed for formation of significantly different microstructures. The kappa-carrageenan concentrations were varied between 0.25 and 3.0 w/w% for a salt mixture containing 20 mM KCl and 200 mM NaCl gels and between 0.5 and 4.0 w/w% for 250 mM NaCl gels. Furthermore, the effect of potassium ion concentration on the gel structure and the dendrimer diffusion rate was determined. The potassium ion concentration was varied between 20 mM KCl and 200 mM KCl. Two different dendrimer generations with significant difference in size were used: G2 and G6. Dendrimers were found to be sensitive probes for determination of the effect of the gel microstructure on molecular diffusion rate. A qualitative comparison between TEM micrographs, NMR diffusometry data and image analysis showed that the gel structure has a large impact on the dendrimers diffusion in kappa-carrageenan gels. It was found that diffusion was strongly influenced by the kappa-carrageenan concentration and the dendrimer generation. Small voids in the gel network gave strongly reduced diffusion. Image analysis revealed that the interfacial area between the gel network and the surrounding water phase correlated well with the dendrimer diffusion.
Coupling the Discrete Element Method with the Finite Element Method to Simulate Rockfall Impact Experiments (2021)

To numerically simulate rockfall impact on flexible protection structures two different numerical methods are coupled within the open-source multi-physics code KRATOS. The impacting object is modeled with the help of a cluster of spherical discrete elements and its movement and contact forces are simulated using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). To realize a partitioned coupling simulation the contact forces are subsequently transferred to the light-weight protection structure which is analyzed and simulated using the Finite Element Method (FEM). To allow a stable simulation even in the case of large contact forces and/or large time steps a strong coupling GaussSeidel algorithm is presented. Subsequently the applicability of the method is shown by calculating experiments and finally the inclusion of digital terrain data is demonstrated.
Key Variables in Dosage form Design (1991)

The study described herein was undertaken to learn more about the relationships between tablet properties and formulation/process variables. Five independent variables were varied according to a central composite star design, and a number of properties have been evaluated. A discussion of various statistical procedures/issues have been examined for exploratory studies such as this one.
MACULAR PIGMENT DISTRIBUTION RESPONSES TO HIGH-DOSE ZEAXANTHIN SUPPLEMENTATION IN PATIENTS WITH MACULAR TELANGIECTASIA TYPE 2 (2017)

Based on the current study, zeaxanthin supplementation does not result in any visual benefit in patients with macular telangiectasia Type 2 and does not reestablish a normal peaked distribution of MP in the fovea. One patient developed a novel, reversible, crystalline maculopathy in response to zeaxanthin supplementation that was reminiscent of canthaxanthin crystalline maculopathy.
Spanwise Wake and Discrete Jet Disturbances on a Separating Turbine Blade (2008)

Flow velocity and surface pressure measurements were made in a Pack-B low-pressure turbine linear cascade at Re c = 20, 000 and 3% inlet freestream turbulence. Under these conditions, the aft-loaded Pack-B (with a peak c P at 63% c x ) experiences laminar boundary-layer separation on the suction surface near 68% c x . A wake generator was used to simulate the periodic passing of upstream wakes through the blade passage. The wake passing frequency of 4.5 Hz was set to match a typical engine flow coefficient for a low-pressure turbine (Φ = 0.85). A spanwise row of discrete vortex-generating jets located at 59% c x were also used as a separation control device and were pulsed at a frequency of 5 Hz with a duty cycle of 25%. Data were taken using particle image velocimetry and a hot-film anemometer mounted on a blade-following device. Velocity, turbulence, and intermittency measurements were made along the suction surface of the blade to characterize the bubble dynamics and transitional behaviors for both the presence of unsteady wakes and pulsing vortex generator jets. The wakes caused early breakdown of the separated free-shear layer resulting in a thinning of the separation region. The vortex generator jets caused a near-wall disturbance that was convected downstream, temporarily pushing off the separation bubble. Overall, both wakes and vortex generator jets suppress the size of the steady-state separation bubble, though through different mechanisms. Three-dimensional aspects of the jet disturbance are also discussed.
Demonstration of a low latency bandwidth allocation mechanism for mission critical applications in virtual PONs with P4 programmable hardware (2022)

We provide a real-time demonstration of a low-latency PON DBA mechanism, optimised for virtual PONs. Our implementation mixes P4 programmable data plane and software-based virtual DBA to provide efficient fast-track allocation for low latency applications.
Inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and aging (2011)

Purpose of review Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an abnormal persistent inflammatory response to noxious environmental stimuli, particularly cigarette smoke. The determinants of the dysregulated immune responses, which play a role both in the onset and continuation of COPD, are largely unknown. We examined several molecular mechanisms regulating the inflammatory pathway, such as cytokine polymorphisms, miRNA expression, and DNA methylation in COPD and aging, with the aim to provide evidence supporting the view that aging of the immune system may predispose to COPD. Recent findings The incidence of COPD increases with age. The pathogenesis of the disease is linked to a chronic inflammation and involves the recruitment and regulation of innate and adaptive immune cells. A chronic systemic inflammation characterizes aging and has been correlated with many diseases, most of them age-related. Summary COPD and aging are associated with significant dysregulation of the immune system that leads to a chronic inflammatory response. The similar molecular mechanisms and the common genetic signature shared by COPD and aging suggest that immunosenescence may contribute to the development of COPD.
Suppressing artifacts in prestack reverse time migration (2005)

Two‐way migration methods require significantly greater computational resources than one‐way migration methods. However, their advantage is that they can not only handle multiarrivals, but have virtually no dip limitation, enabling imaging of overturned reflections. Reverse time migration, a wave equation technique using two‐way propagation, correctly handles both multiarrivals and the phase changes due to caustics, but by using two‐way propagation, does not suffer from dip limitation like one‐way downward continuation techniques. Although one‐way wave equation techniques can be implemented and classified as true‐amplitude migrations, reverse time migration makes no approximations that must be corrected to control amplitude. Undesired reflections from interfaces in the velocity model are easily suppressed in poststack reverse time migration by forcing acoustic impedance to be constant. This paper focuses on suppressing such artifacts in prestack reverse time migration with a zero‐lag cross correlation imaging condition by applying a directional damping term to the non‐reflecting wave equation during propagation.