gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning-to-Fly: Learning-based Collision Avoidance for Scalable Urban\n Air Mobility (2020)

With increasing urban population, there is global interest in Urban Air\nMobility (UAM), where hundreds of autonomous Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)\nexecute missions in the airspace above cities. Unlike traditional\nhuman-in-the-loop air traffic management, UAM requires decentralized autonomous\napproaches that scale for an order of magnitude higher aircraft densities and\nare applicable to urban settings. We present Learning-to-Fly (L2F), a\ndecentralized on-demand airborne collision avoidance framework for multiple UAS\nthat allows them to independently plan and safely execute missions with\nspatial, temporal and reactive objectives expressed using Signal Temporal\nLogic. We formulate the problem of predictively avoiding collisions between two\nUAS without violating mission objectives as a Mixed Integer Linear Program\n(MILP).This however is intractable to solve online. Instead, we develop L2F, a\ntwo-stage collision avoidance method that consists of: 1) a learning-based\ndecision-making scheme and 2) a distributed, linear programming-based UAS\ncontrol algorithm. Through extensive simulations, we show the real-time\napplicability of our method which is $\\approx\\!6000\\times$ faster than the MILP\napproach and can resolve $100\\%$ of collisions when there is ample room to\nmaneuver, and shows graceful degradation in performance otherwise. We also\ncompare L2F to two other methods and demonstrate an implementation on\nquad-rotor robots.\n
Structural fault collapsing by superposition of BDDs for test generation in digital circuits (2010)

The paper presents a new structural fault-independent fault collapsing method based on the topology analysis of the circuit, which has linear complexity. The minimal necessary set of faults as the target objective for test generation is found. The main idea is to produce fault collapsing concurrently with the construction of structurally synthesized binary decision diagrams (SSBDD) used for test generation, as a side effect. To improve the fault collapsing, a new class of BDDs in a form of SSBDDs with multiple inputs (SSMIBDD) is proposed, which allows a significant reduction of the model complexity for test generation purposes, and produces collapsed fault sets with less sizes than the SSBDDs provide. Experimental data show that the fault collapsing by the proposed method is considerably more efficient than other structural fault collapsing methods with comparative time cost. The method is especially efficient for circuits with high rate of internal fanouts.
Approaches to the evaluation of growth and growth disorders in children after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). (1991)

Since impaired growth may occur as a long--term consequence in children treated with BMT this aspect of development needs particular attention for various reasons. Primarily, in each affected child parameters relevant for the evaluation of growth need to be documented regularly from the beginning in a prospective mode. In addition, treatment protocols should contain elements of a standardized follow-up for the documentation and evaluation of the endocrine, the nutritional and the emotional situation of the patient. This will eventually allow us to define--and hopefully avoid--adverse elements within complex treatment modalities--including BMT--for various malignant diseases. Thus it will be possible to develop a rational approach for the therapy of persistent adverse events following attempts of treatment primarily directed to ensure survival.
Changes in colon gene expression associated with increased colon inflammation in interleukin-10 gene-deficient mice inoculated with Enterococcus species (2010)

Our results suggest that colonic inflammation in Il10-/- mice inoculated with solutions containing Enterococcus strains is associated with gene expression changes similar to those of human IBD, specifically CD, and that with the EF.CIF inoculum in particular this is an appropriate model to investigate food-gene interactions relevant to human CD.
Extinction Training in Conjunction with a Partial Agonist of the Glycine Site on the NMDA Receptor Erases Memory Trace (2006)

Much evidence indicates that extinction training does not erase memory traces but instead forms inhibitory learning that prevents the expression of original memory. Fear conditioning induces long-term potentiation and drives synaptic insertion of AMPA receptors into the amygdala. Here we show that extinction training applied 1 h after training reversed the conditioning-induced increase in surface glutamate receptor subunit 1 (GluR1) in parallel with the inhibition of startle potentiation. However, if applied 24 h after training, extinction training reduced startle potentiation without influencing the GluR1 increase. We infused D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist of the glycine site on the NMDA receptor, bilaterally into the amygdala 30 min before extinction training. This augmented the extinction training-elicited reduction in startle and reversed the conditioning-induced increase in GluR1. Delivery of five sets of tetanic stimulation (TS) to the external capsule produced a robust enhancement of synaptic responses in the lateral amygdala neurons that persisted for >2 h. Low-frequency stimulation applied 1 h after TS had no long-lasting effect on synaptic responses. The same treatments, however, induced depotentiation in the presence of DCS and reversed TS-induced increase in surface GluR1. Together, this study has two important findings: (1) whether a memory trace remains intact or is erased depends on the interval between conditioning and extinction training and (2) DCS facilitates the reversal of memory trace. DCS-induced augmentation of extinction and reversal of GluR1 surface expression are likely mediated by DCS-facilitated endocytosis of AMPA receptors.
A non-time series approach to vehicle related time series problems (2012)

This paper shows that some time series problems can be better served as non-time series problems. We used two unsupervised learning anomaly detectors to analyse a vehicle related time series problem and showed that non-time series treatment produced a better outcome than a time series treatment. We also present the benefits of using unsupervised methods over semi-supervised or supervised learning methods, and rule-based methods.
Optimizing clinical exome design and parallel gene-testing for recessive genetic conditions in preconception carrier screening: Translational research genomic data from 14,125 exomes (2019)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Limited translational genomic research data have been reported on the application of exome sequencing and parallel gene testing for preconception carrier screening (PCS). Here, we present individual-level data from a large PCS program in which exome sequencing was routinely performed on either gamete donors (5,845) or infertile patients (8,280) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment without any known family history of inheritable genetic conditions. Individual-level data on pathogenic variants were used to define conditions for PCS based on criteria for severity, penetrance, inheritance pattern, and age of onset. Fetal risk was defined based on actual carrier frequency data accounting for the specific inheritance pattern (fetal disease risk, FDR). In addition, large-scale application of exome sequencing for PCS allowed a deep investigation of the incidence of medically actionable secondary findings in this population. Exome sequencing achieved remarkable clinical sensitivity for reproductive risk of highly penetrant childhood-onset disorders (1/337 conceptions) through analysis of 114 selected gene-condition pairs. A significant contribution to fetal disease risk was observed for rare (carrier rate &lt; 1:100) and X-linked conditions (16.7% and 41.2% of total FDR, respectively). Subgroup analysis of 776 IVF couples identified 37 at increased reproductive risk (4.8%; 95% CI = 3.4–6.5). Further, two additional couples had increased risk for very rare conditions when both members of a parental pair were treated as a unit and the search was extended to the entire exome. About 2.3% of participants showed at least one pathogenic variant for genes included in the updated American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics v2.0 list of secondary findings. Gamete donors and IVF couples showed similar carrier burden for both carrier screening and secondary findings, indicating no causal relationship to fertility. These translational research data will facilitate development of more effective PCS strategies that maximize clinical sensitivity with minimal counterproductive effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Failure to maintain patient access to GUM clinics (2004)

We read with interest the article published by Cassell et al 1 about the maintenance of patient access to genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics following a switch to an appointment based system. Their data show no significant change in the age, ethnic mix, symptom status, and disease mix following the change to appointments. In addition, such a system of 35% prebooked appointments produced an increase in the number of patients seen over that time.

A new appointment based system was introduced at the John Hunter genitourinary medicine clinic at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in October 2001. This comprised 80% of appointments which were prebooked …
Multiple Invasions of Visitor, a DD41D Family of Tc1/mariner Transposons, throughout the Evolution of Vertebrates (2020)

Although the DD41D (named as Visitor, VS) family of Tc1/mariner transposons was discovered in Arthropods and Mollusca, the evolution profile of this family is still largely unknown. We found that VS is widespread in the animal kingdom, including 140 species of 18 orders in invertebrates and 30 species of 12 orders in vertebrates, and one land plant species. Our data revealed multiple horizontal transfer events in both invertebrates and vertebrates and invasion into multiple lineages of mammals, including Chiroptera (seven species), Dasyuromorphia/Marsupialia (one species), Didelphimorphia/Marsupialia (one species), Diprotodontia/Marsupialia (two species), and Primates (one species). Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship of VSs to DD37D/maT and DD34D/mariner and confirmed that VSs with the DD40D signature identified previously are not a distinct family but originated from DD41D/VS. Age analysis revealed that the most recent invasion of VSs was found in ray-finned fishes and a toad, followed by relatively young invasions in bats and marsupials, whereas VSs in mammals, jawless fishes, and lizards were mainly represented by ancient copies, suggesting old age. Phylogenetic analyses and comparison of pairwise distances between VSs and recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG1) support horizontal transfer events of VSs in vertebrates. The intact VSs from bats were nonfunctional as determined by the transposition activity assay. Some vertebrate lineages and species were identified as the hot hosts of Tc1/mariner transposons. Overall, our study presents the evolution profile of VSs and suggests that VSs play roles in diversifying and shaping the genomes of diverse animal lineages.
Lateral approach is advantageous in total knee arthroplasty for valgus deformed knee (2012)

In the valgus knee, lateral structures are tight. Lateral approach can directly adjust the tight structure, and also less vascular compromise to the patella than medial approach with lateral patellar release. Less invasiveness to the quadriceps muscle in lateral approach could result into better range of motion after the surgery.
High-Q MOS Varactor Models for Quasi-Millimeter-Wave Low-Noise LC-VCOs (2014)

This paper presents the strategy of MOS varactor's high-Q optimization, a novel scalable model for the quasi-millimeter-wave MOS varactors, and confirmation results by discrete MOS varactors and VCO measurements. To realize a high-Q MOS varactor in the quasi-millimeter-wave region, low MOS varactor capacitance and low series resistance of unit cell are essential. Downsizing is a key to realize both low capacitance and low resistance. However, it is induced by Cmax/Cmin reduction, simultaneously. Therefore, scalable MOS varactor model is necessary to use optimum MOS varactor to cover various application requirements using same process. Decreasing the MOS varactor's size of W/L =2µm/2µm to 0.5µm/0.26µm, the Q factor increased sevenfold at f =20GHz but Cmax/Cmin is reduced by 60%, by using conventional PSP model, an error of approximately 20% is shown. Proposed model has been improved its accuracy from 18.9% to 0.2% for N+ MOS varactor and from 22.1% to 0.8% for P+ MOS varactor, for minimum size of MOS varactor even if model covers wide dimension range. Also, it has been confirmed this model is covered in two types of layouts. Oscillation frequency and phase noise also have been confirmed by three types of 22GHz VCOs. The accuracy of oscillation frequency is less than 2.5% and that of phase noise at 1MHz offset from carrier is less than 5dB.
Comparative shotgun proteomic analysis of Clostridium acetobutylicum from butanol fermentation using glucose and xylose (2011)

Our results demonstrate that flagellar proteins are highly up-regulated with glucose compared to xylose substrate during ABE fermentation. Chemotactic activity was also found to be lost with the xylose substrate due to the absence of CheW and CheV proteins. This is the first report on the shotgun proteomic analysis of C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 in ABE fermentation between glucose and xylose substrate from a single time data point and the number of proteins identified here is more than any other study performed on this organism up to this report.
Pore and surface diffusion in multicomponent adsorption and liquid chromatography systems (1996)

Abstract A generalized parallel pore and surface diffusion model for multicomponent adsorption and liquid chromatography is formulated and solved numerically. Analytical solution for first‐ and second‐order central moments for a pulse on a plateau input is used as benchmarks for the numerical solutions. Theoretical predictions are compared with experimental data for two systems: ion‐exchange of strontium, sodium, and calcium in a zeolite and competitive adsorption of two organics on activated carbon. In a linear isotherm region of single‐component systems, both surface and pore diffusion cause symmetric spreading in breakthrough curves. In a highly nonlinear isotherm region, however, surface diffusion causes pronounced tailing in breakthrough curves; the larger the step change in concentration, the more pronounced tailing, in contrast to relatively symmetric breakthroughs due to pore diffusion. If only a single diffusion mechanism is assumed in analyzing the data of parallel diffusion systems, a concentration‐dependent apparent surface diffusivity or pore diffusivity results; for a convex isotherm, the apparent surface diffusivity increases, whereas the apparent pore diffusivity decreases with increasing concentration. For a multicomponent nonlinear system, elution order can change if pore diffusion dominates for a low‐affinity solute, whereas surface diffusion dominates for a high‐affinity solute.
Machine Learning for Smart Energy Monitoring of Home Appliances Using IoT (2019)

Inefficient energy use has been a major issue globally. In Malaysia, the statistics reveal that residential energy consumption has been on a steady increase due to the growing population as well as a lack of awareness within households regarding proper energy utilization that causes significant amount of energy wastage. The emergence of Internet-of-Things (IoT) is a consequence and convergence of several key technologies such as real-time analytics, machine learning, sensors and embedded systems. The application of intelligence in IoT, known as Cognitive IoT (CIoT), will enable decision making based on historical data, and automatically train, learn and troubleshoot future issues. This project proposes a smart energy monitoring system for home appliances incorporating CIoT which consists of three parts. Firstly, a Raspberry Pi-based smart plug serving as the gateway, that is able to read current data from individual home appliances, load the trained model from training server and test the verified data using the model. Secondly, Google Colab as the training server will be used to store the training data set and building the Tensorflow-based Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) model. This recurrent neural network model will forecast electricity bill and notify users if abnormal energy consumption of individual home appliances is detected. Thirdly, a dashboard using Matplotlib library where users may monitor the real-time energy consumption. The completed LSTM model demonstrates a high accuracy of more than 80%, where a low mean squared error with train score = 0.1798 and test score = 0.1229 is determined. Furthermore, the R2 test shows a high level of goodness of fit with train score = 0.844 and test score = 0.835.
Model study of the direct causticization reaction between sodium trititanate and sodium carbonate (2000)

Abstract The solid state reaction between sodium tri‐titanate and sodium carbonate, forming mainly sodium pentatitanate, was investigated. Experiments were carried out in a micro‐differential reactor made of quartz glass at various temperatures between 800°C and 880°C and in a pilot fluidized bed reactor operated in a semi‐batch mode. In the former reactor, basic kinetic data was obtained by measuring the release of carbon dioxide. Different kinetic models were considered to describe the conversion, such as the Valensi‐Carter model for diffusion controlled reaction rates and the phase‐boundary model for first‐order reaction kinetics. Furthermore, a model that included both diffusion in the solid material and the chemical kinetics was derived. This model described the experimental data obtained in the micro‐differential reactor very well. However, for the fluidized bed experiments, these different kinetic models did not accurately describe the experimental data. Therefore, an improved model was developed, which also took into account the time taken for the reactants to achieve physical contact. This model gave good agreement with the experimental data.
Reduced microbial diversity induces larger volatile organic compound emissions from soils (2020)

Microorganisms in soil are known to be a source and a sink of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The role of the microbial VOCs on soil ecosystem regulation has been increasingly demonstrated in the recent years. Nevertheless, little is known about the influence of the microbial soil community structure and diversity on VOC emissions. This novel study analyzed the effect of reduced microbial diversity in soil on VOC emissions. We found that reduced levels of microbial diversity in soil increased VOC emissions from soils, while the number of different VOCs emitted decreased. Furthermore, we found that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and fungi phyla were positively correlated to VOC emissions, and other prokaryotic phyla were either negatively correlated or very slightly positively correlated to VOCs emissions. Our interpretation is that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and fungi were VOC producers while the other prokaryotic phyla were consumers. Finally, we discussed the possible role of VOCs as mediators of microbial interactions in soil.
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor informs on the progression course after multiple injuries (2016)

suPAR is a useful surrogate biomarker for development of MOF and severe sepsis after multiple traumas.
Nivolumab in melanoma (2016)

The treatment of melanoma is evolving rapidly over the past few years. Areas covered: We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on the role of nivolumab in melanoma Expert commentary: Nivolumab is approved by FDA and EMA for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. Nivolumab is superior to chemotherapy and to ipilimumab in previously untreated patients and to chemotherapy in ipilimumab pre-treated patients. The addition ipilimumab to nivolumab is associated with a higher response rate and a better PFS, particularly in patients with PD-L1 negative tumors, albeit at the cost of an increase in grade 3-4 adverse event rate. Definitive survival data on this combination are pending and the selection of patients most likely to benefit from this combination and its pharmacoeconomics are to be elucidated. Prospectively validated predictive markers are lacking. Of particular interest are immune-related adverse events which should be managed according to published guidelines.
Simple time domain analysis of a 4-level H-bridge flying capacitor converter voltage balancing (2010)

Flying Capacitor (FC) multilevel Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) converters are an attractive choice due to the natural balancing property of the capacitor voltages. The balancing can be studied in the time domain, which results in easy to interpret expressions regarding parameter influence. Time domain analysis is normally done by time averaging of the system model over a PWM-period. In this paper a new method is presented starting from the “voltage unbalance” excessive energy which has to be dissipated in the converter load by switching harmonics in the load current. This is applied on a four-level H-bridge converter, which has dynamics of a high order and is normally hard to describe in the dime domain. The proposed method results in time domain parameters exactly describing the behaviour and the balancing of the capacitor voltages of the four-level H-bridge converter.
Polish Election Result Mandates Further Modernisation (2007)

The history of political change in Poland is presented. After Soviet troops liberated Poland from Nazi oppression in 1944, there followed 45 years of Soviet dominance, exercised through puppet local communist governments. But in 1989, a national unified Solidarity democracy movement took peaceful control of Poland from an exhausted communist regime. After getting liberation from communist rule, Solidarity quickly broke up, and its elements re-formed themselves into an array of parties representing various political-social orientations and interests.
Study on Resonant Gate Driver circuits for high frequency applications (2016)

This paper presents an overview on advantages and limitations of existing resonant gate drivers for the high-frequency applications. Conventional gate drive circuits dissipate energy in gate resistance and this energy is independent of gate resistance. Instead of dissipating all the energy, some of the energy can be recovered or recycled using the principle of resonance. This paper analyzes various gate drive circuits and presents their advantages and limitations. The gate drive circuits are simulated on LTspice Simulation Software. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the analysis.