gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porcine model of stent thrombosis: Platelets are the primary component of acute stent closure (1996)

Acute stent thrombosis remains a major concern of coronary stent implantation. Animal studies using stents do not adequately mimic this clinical problem, since stent placement is rarely associated with acute closure. The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize a porcine model of stent thrombosis. Improved understanding through such a model may be useful toward preventing and treating acute stent closure. Whole blood was drawn from domestic crossbred swine one day before study. Platelets were isolated, labeled with 111-In tropolone, and reinjected within 18 hr of the study. Bilateral carotid arteries were exposed, and severe injury induced by a series of mechanical crushes. This method produced histologic injury similar to human coronary angioplasty, with medial disruption and large dissections protruding into the lumen. Stenting was performed in standard fashion with 3.5-mm JJIS stents. Local platelet deposition was measured and recorded as 111-In radioactivity using a miniaturized scintillation detector (Dosimeter Corp.) mounted directly at the artery injury site. This measurement was made in real time at 1-min intervals. Similarly, volumetric blood flow was measured in real time by Doppler flowmeter. Eighteen arteries of nine pigs were studied. In nine arteries from nine pigs, crush injury only was performed and monitored. In the contralateral artery, crush injury was followed immediately by placement of a 3.5-mm Palmaz-Schatz (coronary) stent. Blood flow decreased rapidly following injury in both groups and followed a cyclic pattern. Eight arteries of the crush alone and two arteries of the crush plus stent groups were totally occluded 1 hr after crush. 111-In counts normalized to baseline were significantly higher at 1 hr in both groups compared to baseline; in the stented group, counts were higher than in the unstented group. Blood flow was higher in the stented group than in unstented group for 1 hr. Histopathologic observation of the thrombi forming in both crush-only and crush-stent injuries showed severe medial dissections with obstructing medial flap formation. The thrombi forming in both groups were highly platelet rich. This model of stent and arterial thrombosis showed rapid formation of platelet-rich thrombus, cyclic blood flow variations, and acute occlusion in 20% of cases. Stent placement at arterial injury sites is associated with thrombus that is predominantly platelet rich. Stent placement at injury sites enhances platelet deposition over crush injury alone. Despite greater numbers of platelets, as shown by increased 111-In counts, stenting improved vessel patency. These were likely due to higher volumetric blood flow, continuous deposition, and embolization of labeled platelets.
Discovery of 3-[2-(Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-3-yl)ethynyl]-4-methyl-N-{4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl}benzamide (AP24534), a Potent, Orally Active Pan-Inhibitor of Breakpoint Cluster Region-Abelson (BCR-ABL) Kinase Including the T315I Gatekeeper Mutant (2010)

In the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors, the T315I gatekeeper mutant has emerged as resistant to all currently approved agents. This report describes the structure-guided design of a novel series of potent pan-inhibitors of BCR-ABL, including the T315I mutation. A key structural feature is the carbon-carbon triple bond linker which skirts the increased bulk of Ile315 side chain. Extensive SAR studies led to the discovery of development candidate 20g (AP24534), which inhibited the kinase activity of both native BCR-ABL and the T315I mutant with low nM IC(50)s, and potently inhibited proliferation of corresponding Ba/F3-derived cell lines. Daily oral administration of 20g significantly prolonged survival of mice injected intravenously with BCR-ABL(T315I) expressing Ba/F3 cells. These data, coupled with a favorable ADME profile, support the potential of 20g to be an effective treatment for CML, including patients refractory to all currently approved therapies.
Coherent combining of the output of two semiconductor lasers using optical phase-lock loops (2007)

We have experimentally demonstrated current-injection optical phase-lock loops (OPLLs) based on commercial single-section semiconductor distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers. Using two parallel OPLLs, we have obtained 87% efficient coherent power combining of the two DFB lasers. The rms differential phase error between the two lasers is about 30 degrees .
Droit des entreprises d'assurance (2011)

Les entreprises d’assurance regroupent les societes regies par le Livre III du code des assurances. En raison de l’activite singuliere que deploient ces entites, leur constitution, leur fonctionnement ainsi que leur disparition obeissent a un corps special de regles.
	
	Le present ouvrage expose et analyse ce droit propre aux entreprises d’assurance sous plusieurs angles :
	- la forme sociale ;
	- l’objet social ;
	- l’agrement administratif ;
	- le regime financier ;
	- la modification structurelle ;
	- le controle interne ;
	- le controle externe.
	
	Le droit des entreprises d’assurance a longtemps ete considere comme un pan marginal du droit des assurances. Il en constitue pourtant un volet essentiel auquel la reforme europeenne « Solvabilite II » imprime de surcroit un profond renouveau. Cet ouvrage propose ainsi de decouvrir ou d’approfondir le droit tant positif que prospectif des entreprises d’assurance.
Total Synthesis of the Phytotoxic Agent Herbarumin II Using Butane Diacetals of Glycolic Acid as Building Blocks. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Use of Social Robots in Mental Health and Well-Being Research: Systematic Review (2019)

The current SARs research in mental health use is limited in generalizability, scope, and measurement of psychological outcomes. Opportunities for expansion of research in this area include diversifying populations studied, SARs used, clinical applications, measures used, and settings for those applications.
Cover Picture (2000)

The cover picture shows part of a zinc/nickel windmill porphyrin array surrounded by five pinwheels and a European windmill. The characters in the top left-hand corner are the Chinese characters for windmill. The structures and syntheses of three-dimensional windmill and grid porphyrin arrays by AgI-promoted meso–meso block oligomerization are described in detail by A. Osuka et al. on p. 3254 ff.
Charge-to-Alanine Mutagenesis of the Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 Rep78/68 Proteins Yields Temperature-Sensitive and Magnesium-Dependent Variants (2020)

The adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) replication (Rep) proteins Rep78 and 68 (Rep78/68) exhibit a number of biochemical activities required for AAV replication, including specific binding to a 22-bp region of the terminal repeat, site-specific endonuclease activity, and helicase activity. Individual and clusters of charged amino acids were converted to alanines in an effort to generate a collection of conditionally defective Rep78/68 proteins. Rep78 variants were expressed in human 293 cells and analyzed for their ability to mediate replication of recombinant AAV vectors at various temperatures. The biochemical activities of Rep variants were further characterized in vitro by using Rep68 His-tagged proteins purified from bacteria. The results of these analyses identified a temperature-sensitive (ts) Rep protein (D40,42,44A-78) that exhibited a delayed replication phenotype at 32°C, which exceeded wild-type activity by 48 h. Replication activity was reduced by more than threefold at 37°C and was undetectable at 39°C. Stability of the Rep78 protein paralleled replication levels at each temperature, further supporting a ts phenotype. Replication differences resulted in a 3-log-unit difference in virus yields between the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures (2.2 × 106 and 3 × 103, respectively), demonstrating that this is a relatively tight mutant. In addition to the ts Rep mutant, we identified a nonconditional mutant with a reduced ability to support viral replication in vivo. Additional characterization of this mutant demonstrated an Mg2+-dependent phenotype that was specific to Rep endonuclease activity and did not affect helicase activity. The two mutants described here are unique, in that Rep ts mutants have not previously been described and the D412A Rep mutant represents the first mutant in which the helicase and endonuclease functions can be distinguished biochemically. Further understanding of these mutants should facilitate our understanding of AAV replication and integration, as well as provide novel strategies for production of viral vectors.
Symptom Control and Palliative Care in Chile (2004)

As in other developed and developing countries, the most common chronic disorders affecting the Chilean population are cardiovascular disease, cancer, cirrhosis, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmo- nary disease and external injuries. Availability of oncology services is not extensive and there are no academic programs to adequately train practitioners in either palliative medicine or comprehensive palliative care for allied health professionals including nurses, psychologists and chaplains. Major efforts have been made to incorporate palliative care as an important health care focus in the last decade and in the development of effective policies for opioid availability. Chile now meets 84% of the 17 criteria outlined by the World Health Organization and the International Narcotics Control Board for opioid availability. Postgraduate medical education in symptom control, clinical use of opioids and end-of-life care remains relatively poor as judged by the results of a questionnaire administered to 158 resident physicians at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Improvements in symptom control and the development of palliative care in Chile will depend on the effective assessment of symptom control effectiveness and improved education and training of health professionals in clinical pharmacology, symptom control, clinical ethics, and end-of-life care.
Bulk micromachining of silicon (1998)

Bulk silicon etching techniques, used to selectively remove silicon from substrates, have been broadly applied in the fabrication of micromachined sensors, actuators, and structures. Despite the more recent emergence of higher resolution, surface-micromachining approaches, the majority of currently shipping silicon sensors are made using bulk etching. Particularly in light of newly introduced dry etching methods compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors, it is unlikely that bulk micromachining will decrease in popularity in the near future. The available etching methods fall into three categories in terms of the state of the etchant: wet, vapor, and plasma. For each category, the available processes are reviewed and compared in terms of etch results, cost, complexity, process compatibility, and a number of other factors. In addition, several example micromachined structures are presented.
Duodenal expression of NF‐E2 in mouse models of altered iron metabolism (1995)

This study investigated the relationship between duodenal mucosal mRNA levels of the transcription factor, NF-E2, H-ferritin (a putative NF-E2 regulated gene) and iron absorption in mice. CD1-strain mice with normal and altered iron metabolism (hypoxic, iron-deficient, iron-loaded) and animals with genetic defects of iron metabolism (hypotransferrinaemia, beta-thalassaemia) were studied. Tissue RNA from these mouse models was subjected to reverse transcription and PCR amplification for NF-E2 and a stable ribosomal protein (S14) and the products analysed with an automated laser fluorescent sequencer. Duodenal NF-E2 mRNA levels were generally low and decreased in the hypoxic and iron-deficient groups, both of which exhibited elevated iron absorption as compared to controls. A modest increase in the NF-E2 mRNA level was seen in the iron-loaded mice, whose iron absorption was decreased. In contrast, both the genetic strains showed elevated NF-E2 mRNA levels in conjunction with raised iron absorption values. Only the iron-deficient group exhibited an alteration in the duodenal mucosal H/L ferritin ratio. Hence, no relationship was evident between the NF-E2 mRNA levels and the H/L ferritin ratio. These data indicate that NF-E2 is not the primary regulator of intestinal iron absorption.
Depot versus dispersal: biodegradable polymer vaccination effects of size and chemistry (46.17) (2010)

Abstract Development of safe and efficacious vaccine regimen including delivery vehicles, routes, and adjuvants is paramount to public health and preventive medicine. This study evaluated the whole body distribution of unique, surface eroding polymers prepared from aliphatic sebacic acid (SA) and aromatic 1,6-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane (CPH). The inherent surface erosion kinetics permit development of a single dose vaccine based on tailored release kinetics of immunogen, adjuvanticity and sparing of protein dose, and sustained antigen presentation. Fabrication methods were used to create a size range (400 nm to 10 µm) of particles encapsulating LSS 640 fluorophore. These particles were used to evaluate in vivo distribution following intranasal (IN) or subcutaneous (SC) administration to mice. Using live animal imaging at multiple time points, fluorescent analysis at the injection and distal anatomical sites establish that microparticles distributed in a pattern consistent with a depot effect that was dependent upon the injection route. In contrast, nanoparticles distributed systemically regardless of route. Ex vivo analysis of excised tissues verified nanoparticle distribution to distal sites. The ability to assess the depot and dispersal effect of this novel delivery platform in real time consequent to the induction of an antibody response will provide insight into how size and polymer chemistry can be used therapeutically to effect targeting of a vaccine to desired immune tissues.
The Use of Fibrin Glue To Seal Descemet Membrane Microperforations Occurring During Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (2012)

The use of fibrin glue for managing microperforations in DALK may be a viable option.
Are the distributions of variations of circle of Willis different in different populations? – Results of an anatomical study and review of literature (2006)

The anatomical variations found in the cerebral arterial circle of the Iranian males in the current study were not significantly different to those of more diverse populations reported in the literature. While taking into account potential confounding factors, the authors conclude that based on available studies, there is no evidence suggesting that the distributions of the variations of cerebral arterial circle differ in different populations.
Gradient scaffold with spatial growth factor profile for osteochondral interface engineering (2020)

Osteochondral (OC) matrix design poses a significant engineering challenge due to the complexity involved with bone-cartilage interfaces. To better facilitate the regeneration of OC tissue, we developed and evaluated a biodegradable matrix with uniquely arranged bone and cartilage supporting phases: a poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) template structure with a porosity gradient along its longitudinal axis uniquely integrated with hyaluronic acid hydrogel. Micro-CT scanning and imaging confirmed the formation of an inverse gradient matrix. Hydroxyapatite was added to the PLGA template which was then plasma-treated to increase hydrophilicity and growth factor affinity. An osteogenic growth factor (bone morphogenetic protein 2; BMP-2) was loaded onto the template scaffold via adsorption, while a chondrogenic growth factor (transforming growth factor beta 1; TGF-<i>β</i>1) was incorporated into the hydrogel phase. Confocal microscopy of the growth factor loaded matrix confirmed the spatial distribution of the two growth factors, with chondrogenic factor confined to the cartilaginous portion and osteogenic factor present throughout the scaffold. We observed spatial differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into cartilage and bone cells in the scaffolds<i>in vitro</i>: cartilaginous regions were marked by increased glycosaminoglycan production, and osteogenesis was seen throughout the graft by alizarin red staining. In a dose-dependent study of BMP-2, hMSC pellet cultures with TGF-<i>β</i>1 and BMP-2 showed synergistic effects on chondrogenesis. These results indicate that development of an inverse gradient matrix can spatially distribute two different growth factors to facilitate chondrogenesis and osteogenesis along different portions of a scaffold, which are key steps needed for formation of an OC interface.
Directional information extracted from time reversal scanning to image stress corrosion crack orientation (2017)

The time reversed elastic nonlinearity diagnostic (TREND) is a nondestructive inspection technique based on the principle of time reversal and used to scan the surface of a sample to identify and characterize cracks and other defects. TREND utilizes a series of individual time reversal experiments conducted on a grid of points in a region of interest to map out the spatial extent of surficial expressions of cracks and subsurface features that are less than a wavelength below the surface. The focal signatures from each of these experiments can be used to determine not only the location but also the orientation of the crack. We will discuss how this technique can be applied to a stainless steel sample with stress corrosion cracking (SCC) using stationary piezoelectric transducers broadcasting ultrasonic waves and a scanning laser vibrometer setup used to detect the three dimensional vibration of the sample surface. The orientation of the crack is critical to estimate how soon a crack might penetrate through the wall thickness of a structure. [This work was funded by the U.S. Dept. of Energy, Fuel Cycle R&amp;D, Used Fuel Disposition (Storage) campaign and through a Nuclear Energy University Program Integrated Research Project (IRP-15-9318).]
Viscosity Measurement Cell Utilizing Electrodynamic-Acoustic Resonator Sensors: Design Considerations and Issues (2012)

Miniaturized resonating viscosity sensors operating at frequencies in the low KHz-range offer portability and results comparable to existing lab viscometers. In this paper we will briefly describe a viscosity measurement cell based on a concept that we proposed earlier utilizing electrodynamic-acoustic resonator sensors with a design based on interchangeable resonator cards, which allow for ease of maintenance of the device and provides higher measurement repeatability. Experimental results obtained with the new resonator cards show the clear dependence of the resonance frequency and Q factor on viscosity. In addition, an experimental approach is taken to study the effects of magnetic field variations on the Q factor of the investigated resonators which are suspended by S-shaped (meander) beams and operating either in air or liquids.
NKG2D signaling within the pancreas enhances CD8+ central memory T cell formation and decreases non-obese diabetic (NOD) diabetes development (2018)

Abstract The immune receptor NKG2D is implicated in autoimmune diabetes. However, the mechanism by which NKG2D signaling affects diabetes is unclear. Among the aspects not known are 1) the relevant anatomical site(s) of NKG2D signaling, 2) the cells in which NKG2D signaling occurs and 3) whether NKG2D signaling enhances or inhibits diabetogenesis. These are among the critical questions that must be answered to determine whether modulation of NKG2D signaling could be used in intervention strategies in type 1 diabetes. To determine whether NKG2D signaling within the pancreatic islets modulates autoimmune diabetes, we generated a novel NOD mouse strain in which the mouse NKG2D ligand RAE1-e is constitutively expressed in the beta-islet cells (RIP-RAE1e mice). Insulitis progressed faster in RIP-RAE1e mice compared with control NOD mice. Despite this, there was a significant decrease in spontaneous diabetes in RIP-RAE1e mice compared with control mice. Using flow cytometry, we compared the immune cells present in the pancreas and spleen of pre-diabetic RIP-RAE1e and control NOD mice. Similar percentages and numbers of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and NK cells were detected. Similarly, equivalent numbers of CD69+ CD4+T and CD69+CD8+T cells were present. However, RIP-RAE1e mice contained increased numbers of CD44hiCD62Lhi (central memory T cell, Tcm, phenotype) CD8+ T cells and decreased numbers of CD44hiCD62Llo (effector/effector memory, Tem, phenotype) CD8+ T cells in both the pancreas and spleen. This increased Tcm:Teff/em ratio was not observed in the CD4+ T cell compartment. Together, these data demonstrate that NKG2D signaling within the pancreas drives an increased ratio of CD8+ Tcm:Teff/em cells and is protective against NOD diabetes.
Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis of PSA and prostate‐specific membrane antigen mRNA to detect circulating tumor cells improves recurrence‐free survival nomogram prediction after radical prostatectomy (2012)

Data from modern quantitative RT-PCR to detect circulating prostate-derived PSA and PSM mRNA pre- and post-RP improves the accuracy of the Kattan nomogram to predict biochemical recurrence.
Sociologie économique (2014)

La sociologie économique étudie l’économie à l’aide des concepts et des méthodes de la sociologie. Ce manuel présente de manière synthétique et problématisée les différents débats, courants et approches qui structurent ce champ de recherches. Il offre ainsi, à des débutants comme à un public confirmé, une vision d’ensemble des objets étudiés par la sociologie économique : marchés, capitalisme, finance, consommation, mondialisation, État et régulation des activités économiques, entrepreneuriat, échanges non marchands, etc. En restituant les travaux classiques comme contemporains, ce livre montre également comment la sociologie économique participe à une sociologie générale en renouvelant les approches, les méthodes et les problématiques de la discipline.
Chromatin regulation in drug addiction and depression. (2009)

Alterations in gene expression are implicated in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including drug addiction and depression. Increasing evidence indicates that changes in gene expression in neurons, in the context of animal models of addiction and depression, are mediated in part by epigenetic mechanisms that alter chromatin structure on specific gene promoters. This review discusses recent findings from behavioral, molecular, and bioinformatic approaches that are being used to understand the complex epigenetic regulation of gene expression in brain by drugs of abuse and by stress. These advances promise to open up new avenues for improved treatments of these disorders.
Discovery of a New Family of Inhibitors of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Based upon Lipophilic Alkyl Furano Pyrimidine Dideoxy Nucleosides:  Action via a Novel Non-Nucleosidic Mechanism (2004)

Following our discovery of the potent anti-varicella zoster virus action of lipophilic alkyl furano pyrimidine 2'-deoxynucleosides, we now report that 2',3'-dideoxy sugar analogues are devoid of anti-VZV activity but are potent and selective inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The present compounds are active in vitro at ca. 1 microM with cytotoxicity only above 200 microM. Importantly, we have discovered that the new agents do not act as nucleoside analogues, despite their nucleosidic structure, and time of addition studies revealed that the compounds may inhibit HCMV at an event in the replication cycle of the virus that precedes DNA synthesis. They represent new leads in the discovery of improved therapies for HCMV, particularly in view of their novel mechanism of action.