gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal resolution in transmission electron microscopy using a photoemission electron source (2022)

Temporal resolution in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has progressed to the sub-picosecond level with the stroboscopic method using a photoemission mechanism with an ultrafast laser for the electron gun. Time-resolved TEM in conjunction with a photocathode (PC)-type electron source pumped by a pulsed laser has been actively developed to exceed sub-nanosecond time resolution. Here, we provide an overview of the trends in this field and discuss the measurement targets that can be obtained by time-resolved measurements. Furthermore, we consider the types and characteristics of PC materials and their related physical quantities for evaluation of electron beam properties. Experimental results obtained by time-resolved TEM using a semiconductor PC that has a surface with a negative electron affinity are presented, and application results based on quantum mechanics are given. We also describe new techniques for improving the time resolution and new applications of pulsed electron beams in electron microscopy and discuss the measurement targets that are expected for time-resolved electron microscopy.
An eleven year record of XCO 2 estimates derived from GOSAT measurements using the NASA ACOS version 9 retrieval algorithm (2021)

Abstract. The Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) on the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) has been returning data since April 2009. The version 9 (v9) Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) Level 2 Full Physics (L2FP) retrieval algorithm (Kiel et al., 2019) was used to derive estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) dry air mole fraction (XCO2) from the TANSO-FTS measurements collected over it's first eleven years of operation. The bias correction and quality filtering of the L2FP XCO2 product were evaluated using estimates derived from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) as well as values simulated from a suite of global atmospheric inverse modeling systems (models). In addition, the v9 ACOS GOSAT XCO2 results were compared with collocated XCO2 estimates derived from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), using the version 10 (v10) ACOS L2FP algorithm. These tests indicate that the v9 ACOS GOSAT XCO2 product has improved throughput, scatter and bias, when compared to the earlier v7.3 ACOS GOSAT product, which extended through mid 2016. Of the 37 million (M) soundings collected by GOSAT through June 2020, approximately 20 % were selected for processing by the v9 L2FP algorithm after screening for clouds and other artifacts. After post-processing, 5.4 % of the soundings (2M out of 37M) were assigned a “good” XCO2 quality flag, as compared to 3.9 % in v7.3 (&lt; 1M out of 24M). After quality filtering and bias correction, the differences in XCO2 between ACOS GOSAT v9 and both TCCON and models have a scatter (one sigma) of approximately 1 ppm for ocean-glint observations and 1 to 1.5 ppm for land observations. Similarly, global mean biases are less than approximately 0.2 ppm. Seasonal mean biases relative to the v10 OCO-2 XCO2 product are of order 0.1 ppm for observations over land. However, for ocean-glint observations, seasonal mean biases relative to OCO-2 range from 0.2 to 0.6 ppm, with substantial variation in time and latitude. The ACOS GOSAT v9 XCO2 data are available on the NASA Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center (GES-DISC). The v9 ACOS Data User's Guide (DUG) describes best-use practices for the data. This dataset should be especially useful for studies of carbon cycle phenomena that span a full decade or more, and may serve as a useful complement to the shorter OCO-2 v10 dataset, which begins in September 2014.
Effective one step-iterative fiducial marker-based compensation for involuntary motion in weight-bearing C-arm cone-beam CT scanning of knees (2014)

We previously introduced three different fiducial marker-based correction methods (2D projection shifting, 2D projection warping, and 3D image warping) for patients’ involuntary motion in the lower body during weight-bearing Carm CT scanning. The 3D warping method performed better than 2D methods since it could more accurately take into account the lower body motion in 3D. However, as the 3D warping method applies different rotational and translational movement to the reconstructed image for each projection frame, distance-related weightings were slightly twisted and thus result in overlaying background noise over the entire image. In order to suppress background noise and artifacts (e.g. metallic marker-caused streaks), the 3D warping method has been improved by incorporating bilateral filtering and a Landwebertype iteration in one step. A series of projection images of five healthy volunteers standing at various flexion angles were acquired using a C-arm cone-beam CT system with a flat panel. A horizontal scanning trajectory of the C-arm was calibrated to generate projection matrices. Using the projection matrices, the static reference marker coordinates in 3D were estimated and used for the improved 3D warping method. The improved 3D warping method effectively reduced background noise down below the noise level of 2D methods and also eliminated metal-generated streaks. Thus, improved visibility of soft tissue structures (e.g. fat and muscle) was achieved while maintaining sharp edges at bone-tissue interfaces. Any high resolution weight-bearing cone-beam CT system can apply this method for motion compensation.
Uniform Convergence of Random Forests via Adaptive Concentration (2015)

We study the convergence of the predictive surface of regression trees and forests. To support our analysis we introduce a notion of adaptive concentration for regression trees. This approach breaks tree training into a model selection phase in which we pick the tree splits, followed by a model fitting phase where we find the best regression model consistent with these splits. We then show that the fitted regression tree concentrates around the optimal predictor with the same splits: as d and n get large, the discrepancy is with high probability bounded on the order of sqrt(log(d)log(n)/k) uniformly over the whole regression surface, where d is the dimension of the feature space, n is the number of training examples, and k is the minimum leaf size for each tree. We also provide rate-matching lower bounds for this adaptive concentration statement. From a practical perspective, our result enables us to prove consistency results for adaptively grown forests in high dimensions, and to derive generalization bounds for a large class of regression forests.
Task orientation and tailoring of interactive software explanations (2003)

Describes a planning approach solution to the software understanding problem that focuses on the user's task and expertise. This solution is implemented in a software explanation system as follows. First, user questions about software artifacts are studied and the most commonly asked questions are identified. These questions are organized into a question model, and procedures for answering them are developed. Then, the patterns in user questions during the performance of the task are studied, and these patterns are used to build generic task models. These task models, along with a user model, are used to generate explanations that are tailored to the user's task and expertise. In addition, the task models allow the system to provide explicit task support in its interface. An evaluation experiment with human subjects was conducted to determine the effects of this explanation tool on software understanding. The tool is found to improve software understanding and to reduce the task performance time.
Mining multimedia data (1998)

Data Mining is a young but flourishing field. Many algorithms and applications exist to mine different types of data and extract different types of knowledge. Mining multimedia data is, however, at an experimental stage.We have implemented a prototype for mining high-level multimedia information and knowledge from large multimedia databases. MultiMedia Miner has been designed based on our years of experience in the research and development of a relational data mining system, DBMiner, in the Intelligent Database Systems Research Laboratory, and a Content-Based Image Retrieval system from Digital Libraries, C-BIRD, in the Vision and Media Laboratory.MultiMediaMiner includes the construction of multimedia data cubes which facilitate multiple dimensional analysis of multimedia data, and the mining of multiple kinds of knowledge, including summarization, classification, and association, in image and video databases. The images and video clips used in our experiments are collected by crawling the WWW. Many challenges have yet to be overcome, such as the large number of dimensions, and the existence of multi-valued dimensions.
Peripheral hemodynamic stability during prolonged anesthesia in the rat (1986)

The present study tests the hypothesis that peripheral hemodynamics in the rat femoral artery remain relatively stable during 3 hours of general anesthesia. Hemodynamic variables (pulse period, maximal centerline velocity, lumen diameter, and mean volumetric flow) were measured by the 20 MHz-pulsed ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter method at 30-minute intervals. The hemodynamic variables were not statistically different during the duration of the study. The mean values were pulse period 160 +/- 2 msec, maximal centerline velocity 37.0 +/- 1.9 cm/sec, lumen diameter 0.94 +/- 0.03 mm, and mean volumetric flow 1.92 +/- 0.19 cc/min.
Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization among renal transplant recipients (2013)

Most cases of Pneumocystis colonization were detected in those patients where renal transplantion had taken place more than 2 years previously. As most PcP cases occur within the first 2 years of transplantation, colonization does not seem to play a role in the development of acute PcP in this period. Though Pneumocystis pneumonia is likely to be a newly acquired infection in the first 2 years after transplantation, colonized patients remain a potential source of transmission of Pneumocystis jirovecii.
Twelve novel FBN1 mutations in Marfan syndrome and Marfan related phenotypes test the feasibility of FBN1 mutation testing in clinical practice (2002)

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is one of the major heritable disorders of connective tissue with a prevalence of between 1 in 5-10 000.1,2 It is characterised by features in the cardiovascular, ocular, and musculoskeletal systems and the Ghent criteria form a useful framework for its diagnosis.3 Mutations in FBN1 encoding the extracellular matrix protein fibrillin-1 classically cause MFS.4 Fibrillin-1, comprising multiple repeating subunits, of which the most common is the calcium binding epidermal growth factor (cbEGF) domain, is a key component of 10-12 nm microfibrils.5

Mutation detection has not been performed routinely in MFS because of the size and complexity of FBN1, which contains 65 exons extending over 200 kb of genomic DNA.5,6 Mutations are nearly always specific to each family and to date ∼300 mutations have been reported.7–10 FBN1 mutations have been found in 20-80% of patients with MFS depending upon the clinical selection of patients and the mutation detection method used.11–17 FBN1 mutations have been reported in a wide range of phenotypes in the Marfan spectrum1; neonatal MFS is associated with some FBN1 mutations in exons 24-3218; mutations of various types throughout FBN1 have been associated with classical MFS8; and FBN1 mutations have also been reported in many of the non-classical Marfan related phenotypes.1 The Ghent criteria propose that an FBN1 mutation is only of help diagnostically if it has been previously found in a person who independently meets the criteria for diagnosis of MFS.3

Other than mutations causing neonatal MFS, which occur in exons 24-32, correlation between genotype and phenotype is poor. The majority of patients with cysteine substitutions have classical MFS, and cysteine substitutions in exons 26-32 appear to be associated with classical disease manifesting early in life. …
The superthreaded processor architecture (1999)

The common single-threaded execution model limits processors to exploiting only the relatively small amount of instruction-level parallelism that is available in application programs. The superthreaded processor, on the other hand, is a concurrent multithreaded architecture (CMA) that can exploit the multiple granularities of parallelism that are available in general-purpose application programs. Unlike other CMAs that rely primarily on hardware for run-time dependence detection and speculation, the superthreaded processor combines compiler-directed thread-level speculation of control and data dependences with run-time data dependence verification hardware. This hybrid of a superscalar processor and a multiprocessor-on-a-chip can utilize many of the existing compiler techniques used in traditional parallelizing compilers developed for multiprocessors. Additional unique compiler techniques, such as the conversion of data speculation into control speculation, are also introduced to generate the superthreaded code and to enhance the parallelism between threads. A detailed execution-driven simulator is used to evaluate the performance potential of this new architecture. It is found that a superthreaded processor can achieve good performance on complex application programs through this close coupling of compile-time and run-time information.
Supplemental Perioperative Oxygen and the Risk of Surgical Wound Infection<SUBTITLE>A Randomized Controlled Trial</SUBTITLE> (2005)

Patients receiving supplemental inspired oxygen had a significant reduction in the risk of wound infection. Supplemental oxygen appears to be an effective intervention to reduce SSI in patients undergoing colon or rectal surgery. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00235456.
Pilfering of stored seeds and the relative costs of scatter-hoarding versus larder-hoarding in yellow pine chipmunks (2005)

Yellow pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus) scatter-hoard food during summer and autumn but must form a larder as a winter food source before winter begins. Yellow pine chipmunks do not larder-hoard large quantities of food during the summer, apparently because a summer larder could not be defended from pilferers. We tested the assumption that the rate of pilferage from an unguarded larder would be significantly greater than the rate of pilferage from surface caches (which are also unguarded by yellow pine chipmunks) during the summer and autumn. Buried plastic buckets were used as artificial nests containing larders of 1000 sunflower seeds or 200 Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) seeds. The pilferage of larder contents was monitored daily and compared to pilferage of surface caches. Animals (yellow pine chipmunks and deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus) removed sunflower seeds from caches much faster than from larders, but caches of Jeffrey pine seeds disappeared much more slowly than pine seeds in larders. Further, animals removed pine seeds from larders more quickly than they did sunflower seeds from larders. The difference between seed species was probably because sunflower seeds have much stronger odors, which rodents readily detect, and because chipmunks prefer pine seeds over sunflower seeds. Yellow pine chipmunks must spend a considerable portion of their time foraging for seeds and may not be able to defend a large larder during summer.
The West Virginia University Heavy Duty Vehicle Emissions Database as a Resource for Inventory and Comparative Studies (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Inventory approaches for truck and bus emissions rely heavily on certification data, and no comprehensive results have been published to date. Two transportable chassis dynamometer laboratories developed and operated by West Virginia University (WVU) have been used extensively to gather realistic emission data from heavy-duty vehicles tested in the field, in controlled, simulated driving conditions. By default, a comprehensive database has been assembled, that comprises a wide variety of vehicles, engines, fuels, and driving scenarios. A subset of these data is analyzed in this paper for an illustration of practical utilization of such information, either for inventory assessments, or for comparative and correlation studies. General guidelines for data screening and analysis approaches are provided, along with examples of specific results and discussions for a selected cross-section of samples. The paper is focused on the exhaust emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;) and Particulate Matter (PM), since these are considered to be critical for meeting current regulations and standard requirements. Emission results generated through testing of transit buses on the Central Business District (CBD) cycle provide a broad and reliable baseline of typical data, that can be used with confidence for inventory, or correlation studies of diesel emissions from heavy-duty vehicles. Certain examples are described in the paper for this and other samples of data included in the West Virginia University's database.&lt;/div&gt;
Detection of Salmonella spp. in Oysters Using Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and Gene Probes (1993)

ABSTRACT The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification method was used to identify oligonucleotide primers from a target gene, hns , to specifically detect SulmonelIu spp. in contaminated oysters. The primers for PCR amplification and a hybridizing oligonucleotide probe to detect the amplified DNA were specific for all Salmonella spp. tested. Modification of a procedure for extracting DNA from oyster tissue matrices followed by PCR amplification, and coupled with gene‐probe hybridization detected &lt;40 cells of seeded or naturally occurring Sulmonella spp./g of oyster meat samples without any enrichment step. The detection of SaZmonella spp. was reliable, sensitive, and required considerably less time than conventional microbiological culture methods.
A novel nanostructured biosensor for the detection of the dust mite antigen Der p2 (2011)

The group 2 allergen, Der p2, has been reported to activate innate toll-like receptors (TLRs) on respiratory epithelial cells and thus aggravate respiratory diseases. In this study, a highly sensitive nanostructured biosensor based on a 3D sensing element with uniformly deposited gold nanoparticles is proposed for the detection of the dust mite antigen Der p2. The barrier layer comprises an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film which is used as the template in this highly sensitive nanostructured biosensor. Simple electrochemical deposition without reducing agent and stabilizer was enough to uniformly synthesize gold nanoparticles on the surface of the barrier layer. The size and the distribution density of the nanoparticles can be well controlled by the applied potential during electrochemical deposition. Following this procedure, the dust mite monoclonal antibodies (IgG) were then immobilized through the 11-MUA (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid), (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-carbodiimide)/(N-hydroxysuccinimide) self-assembled monolayer approach for the dust mite antigen Der p2 detection. The detection limit of the proposed 3D gold nanoparticle-based nanostructured biosensor was examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis and found to be 1 pg/mL. The dynamic range was found to be 5 μg/mL. The proposed nanostructured biosensor would be useful for fast detection of rare molecules in a solution.
Structure and stability of the designer protein WRAP-T and its permutants (2021)

[Formula: see text]-Propeller proteins are common natural disc-like pseudo-symmetric proteins that contain multiple repeats ('blades') each consisting of a 4-stranded anti-parallel [Formula: see text]-sheet. So far, 4- to 12-bladed [Formula: see text]-propellers have been discovered in nature showing large functional and sequential variation. Using computational design approaches, we created perfectly symmetric [Formula: see text]-propellers out of natural pseudo-symmetric templates. These proteins are useful tools to study protein evolution of this very diverse fold. While the 7-bladed architecture is the most common, no symmetric 7-bladed monomer has been created and characterized so far. Here we describe such a engineered protein, based on a highly symmetric natural template, and test the effects of circular permutation on its stability. Geometrical analysis of this protein and other artificial symmetrical proteins reveals no systematic constraint that could be used to help in engineering of this fold, and suggests sequence constraints unique to each [Formula: see text]-propeller sub-family.
Programmed Cell Death of Human Skin Fibroblast Induced by Benzimidazole (2001)

This article has no abstract.
Welcome messages: Welcome to EuMIC 2012 (2012)

Welcome to the 2012 EuMIC conference! Welcome to the seventh European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference, the world's premier event on microwave and RF integrated circuits. Welcome to Amsterdam on the 29th and 30th of October 2012!
Theoretical description of the electrical conduction in atomic and molecular junctions (2003)

We present a theoretical analysis of the electronic transport through atomic and molecular junctions. The main goal of this work is to show how the electronic structure of single atoms and molecules controls the macroscopic electrical properties of the circuits in which they are used as building blocks. In particular, we review our work on three basic problems that have received special experimental attention in recent years: (i) the conductance of a single-atom contact, (ii) the conductance of a hydrogen molecule and (iii) the current through single organic molecules.
Aerodynamic characteristics of a two-dimensional airfoil with ground effect (1996)

The effect of Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil with ground effect in viscous flow is investigated by numerical method. A numerical scheme, based on the standard k-e turbulence model, generalized body-fixed coordinates and the finite volume method, is developed to solve the two-dimensional wing-in-ground problem hi viscous flow. The steady, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a grid generation program developed by the authors, and the PHOENICS code. Some numerical results are presented to show the effects of Reynolds number, ground clearance, and angles of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of a NACA 4412 airfoil.
Sufficient Conditions for Existence of $J_{\alpha}(X + \sqrt[\alpha]{\eta}N)$ (2016)

In his technical report~\cite[sec. 6]{barrontech}, Barron states that the de Bruijn's identity for Gaussian perturbations holds for any RV having a finite variance. In this report, we follow Barron's steps as we prove the existence of $J_{\alpha}\left(X + \sqrt[\alpha]{\eta}N\right)$, $\eta > 0$ for any Radom Variable (RV) $X \in \mathcal{L}$ where \begin{equation*} \mathcal{L} = \left\{ \text{RVs} \,\,U: \int \ln\left(1 + |U|\right)\,dF_{U}(u) \text{ is finite } \right\}, \end{equation*} and where $N \sim \mathcal{S}(\alpha;1)$ is independent of $X$, $0< \alpha <2$.