gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prejunctional modulation of acetylcholine release from the skeletal neuromuscular junction: link between positive (nicotinic)− and negative (muscarinic)‐feedback modulation (1989)

1. Presynaptic receptor-mediated modulation of stimulation-evoked [3H]-acetylcholine[( 3H]-ACh) release from the neuromuscular junction was studied in the region of the mouse hemidiaphragm which contains the motor endplates, and which can easily be loaded with [3H]-choline. This method made it possible to detect exclusively the [Ca2+]0-dependent, quantal release of [3H]-ACh in response to axonal stimulation. 2. Atropine enhanced, and non-depolarizing muscle relaxants [+)-tubocurarine, pancuronium and pipecuronium) reduced, the release of [3H]-ACh evoked by high frequency trains of stimulation (50 Hz, 40 shocks) of the phrenic nerve. The effect of (+)-tubocurarine was frequency-dependent as at 5 Hz (40 shocks) it was less effective than at 50 Hz. The resting release of [3H]-ACh was not affected by these compounds. These findings indicate that ACh released into the synaptic gap by axonal firing reaches a concentration sufficient to influence its own release by a prejunctional effect. 3. The anticholinesterase, physostigmine sulphate, enhanced the release of [3H]-ACh in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was mediated via prejunctional nicotinic receptor stimulation: (+)-tubocurarine, pancuronium and pipecuronium completely prevented the effect of physostigmine. 4. When the prejunctional nicotinic and muscarinic receptors were stimulated by a high concentration of extracellular ACh which had accumulated in the junctional gap in the presence of physostigmine, atropine did not influence the evoked release of [3H]-ACh. However, when the effect of endogenous ACh on nicotinic receptors was prevented by (+)-tubocurarine, atropine enhanced the release. 5. It is concluded that quantally-released ACh from motor endplates is subject to prejunctional automodulation: (a) ACh facilitates its own release via an effect on prejunctional nicotinic receptors (positive feedback), (b) ACh release is reduced by an action on muscarinic receptors. When the nicotinic receptor-mediated facilitation is fully operative, the muscarinic receptor-mediated negative feedback is much less effective. It is supposed that there is a link between the two feedback mechanisms possibly at the level of the second messenger system(s).
Tissue of origin dictates GOT1 dependence and confers synthetic lethality to radiotherapy (2020)

Taken together, these results illustrate the role of tissue type in dictating metabolic dependencies and provide new insights for targeting metabolism to treat PDA.
Cationic Polymerization of Oxetan by an Acid Exchanged Montmorillonite Clay in the Presence of Acetic Anhydride (2008)

The polymerization of oxetan with acetic anhydride catalyzed by Maghnite-H + (Mag-H) in dichloromethan (CH 2 Cl 2 ) as solvant at 25C was investigated. The effects of the amounts of Mag-H and acetic anhydride on the polymerization of oxetan were studied. The polymerization yield increased as the proportions of catalyst and acetic anhydride were increased. The reactions were monitored by gel permeation chromatography and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy.
A Virion-Based Combination Vaccine Protects against Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 Disease in Mice (2022)

Vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to be highly effective; however, the breadth against emerging variants and the longevity of protection remains unclear. Postimmunization boosting has been shown to be beneficial for disease protection, and as new variants continue to emerge, periodic (and perhaps annual) vaccination will likely be recommended. New seasonal influenza virus vaccines currently need to be developed every year due to continual antigenic drift, an undertaking made possible by a robust global vaccine production and distribution infrastructure. To create a seasonal combination vaccine targeting both influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 that is also amenable to frequent reformulation, we have developed an influenza A virus (IAV) genetic platform that allows the incorporation of an immunogenic domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein onto IAV particles. Vaccination with this combination vaccine elicited neutralizing antibodies and provided protection from lethal challenge with both pathogens in mice. This approach may allow the leveraging of established influenza vaccine infrastructure to generate a cost-effective and scalable seasonal vaccine solution for both influenza and coronaviruses. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants since the onset of the pandemic has highlighted the need for both periodic vaccination "boosts" and a platform that can be rapidly reformulated to manufacture new vaccines. In this work, we report an approach that can utilize current influenza vaccine manufacturing infrastructure to generate combination vaccines capable of protecting from both influenza virus- and SARS-CoV-2-induced disease. The production of a combined influenza/SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may represent a practical solution to boost immunity to these important respiratory viruses without the increased cost and administration burden of multiple independent vaccines.
Long-Term Survival and Outgrowth of Mechanically Engineered Nervous Tissue Constructs Implanted Into Spinal Cord Lesions (2006)

While most approaches to repair spinal cord injury (SCI) rely on promoting axon outgrowth, the extensive distance that axons would have to grow to bridge SCI lesions remains an enormous challenge. In this study, we used a new tissue-engineering technique to create long nervous tissue constructs spanned by living axon tracts to repair long SCI lesions. Exploiting the newfound process of extreme axon stretch growth, integrated axon tracts from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons were mechanically elongated in vitro to 10 mm over 7 days and encased in a collagen hydrogel to form a nervous tissue construct. In addition, a modified lateral hemisection SCI model in the rat was developed to create a 1 cm long cavity in the spinal cord. Ten days following SCI, constructs were transplanted into the lesion and the animals were euthanized 4 weeks post-transplantation for histological analyses. Through cell tracking methods and immunohistochemistry, the transplanted elongated cultures were consistently found to survive 4 weeks in the injured spinal cord. In addition, DRG axons were observed extending out of the transplanted construct into the host spinal cord tissue. These results demonstrate the promise of nervous tissue constructs consisting of stretch-grown axons to bridge even extensive spinal cord lesions.
Angiotensin II upregulates transforming growth factor- type I receptor on rat vascular smooth muscle cells (2000)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) modulate cell growth and metabolism. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of Ang II on the characteristics and expression of TGF-beta receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from Wistar-Kyoto rats. The addition of TGF-beta1 elicited a biphasic response on DNA synthesis in cultured VSMC in the absence of Ang II, but TGF-beta1 did not stimulate DNA synthesis in the presence of Ang II. TGF-beta binding data showed that Ang II increased the specific binding of 125I-TGF-beta1 by enhancing the expression of lower affinity receptors and increasing the number of binding sites. Ang II alone did not stimulate DNA synthesis in these cultures. However, Ang II significantly stimulated DNA synthesis after the inhibition of endogenous TGF-beta with a neutralizing antibody. The DNA synthesis stimulated by phorbol ester milisterol (PMA) was not affected by the TGF-beta neutralizing antibody. Affinity labeling data revealed receptor-ligand complexes of 280, 85, and 70 kDa, corresponding to TGF-beta type III, II, and I receptors, respectively. Incubation of VSMC with Ang II but not with PMA markedly increased the expression of the TGF-beta type I receptor. Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction data also indicated that Ang II, but not PMA, significantly increased the expression of TGF-beta type I receptor mRNA. Results suggest that Ang II increases the binding of TGF-beta with upregulation of TGF-beta type I receptor via a C-kinase-independent pathway. The enhanced expression of the TGF-beta type I receptor may counteract Ang II-promoted growth of VSMC.
High affinity vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors on fetal human nonpigniented ciliary epithelial cells (1994)

The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on stimulation of adenylyl cyclase in fetal human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) and pigmented ciliary epithelial (CPE) cells was studied. 1 μM VIP elicited a 5–10 fold increase in intracellular cAMP in NPE cells from three fetal donors, but caused little or no response in CPE from two fetal donors and other ocular cell types employed as controls. Appearance of cAMP in the extracellular medium was stimulated in NPE but not in CPE in response to VIP. Both NPE and CPE gave similar cAMP responses (8–13 fold) to the β-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol. Binding studies of [125I]VIP to intact NPE and CPE revealed that VIP bound to NPE cells at a high affinity site (KD =. 33 nM and a low affinity site (KD = 16 nM), whereas VIP bound to CPE cells only at the low affinity site (KD =18 nM).In NPE cells, VIP stimulated cAMP formation with an EC50 of ≈0.6–1 nM, similar to the high affinity binding site KD, with maximal stimulation at 10 nM. Four peptides with various degrees of sequence homology to VIP were also studied. Of these, PHM and PHI stimulated cAMP with EC50s of 50 and 300 nM, respectively, while secretin and glucagon stimulated only at concentrations above 0.1 μM.These results suggest that in fetal human ciliary epithelium, as in rabbit ciliary epithelium (Mittag et al., J Pharm Exp Ther 241: 230, [1987]), VIP stimulation of adenylyl cyclase is a characteristic of NPE but not CPE cells.
Correlation of overall survival (OS) with bone marrow blast (BMBL) response in patients (pts) with myelodysplastic syndrome. (2015)

7017 Background: BMBL % is the prognostic variable with the greatest impact on outcome in MDS patients at diagnosis and subsequent time points. Current composite response criteria (IWG, Cheson 2006) do not consistently correlate with OS. Treatment impact of BMBL as an independent response criterion has not been adequately evaluated. Methods: We evaluated the correlation between OS and BMBL in pts with higher-risk (HR) MDS from 4 datasets from 7 studies with 887 pts: ONTIME, a Phase III randomized study of 2nd-line rigosertib (RIG) vs best supportive care (BSC) (N = 299; Silverman, ASH 2014); 4 Phase I/II studies of RIG in pts with MDS/AML (N = 39; Silverman, Hematol Oncol 2014); AZA-001, a Phase III study of azacitidine (AZA) vs 3 conventional care regimens (N = 358; Fenaux, Lancet Oncol 2009; Gore, Haematologica 2013); Cancer & Leukemia Group B (CALGB) Study 9221, a Phase II, randomized trial of 1st-line AZA vs BSC (N = 191; Silverman, J Clin Oncol 2002). Change in blasts was defined similarly: BM complete response is BMBL ≤ 5% and ≥ 50% decrease from baseline; BM partial response is ≥ 50% decrease from baseline, but BMBL still > 5%; stable disease is < 50% decrease or increase from baseline. Results: In ONTIME, landmark time-dependent analyses showed correlation of BMBL response/stabilization with OS at 4 wks (P= 0.011) and 12 wks (P< 0.001). In the 4 Phase I/II studies, BMBL response/stabilization at 4–8 weeks was associated with a quadrupling of median OS (P< 0.001). In Study AZA-001, time-dependent analysis of BMBL stabilization was associated with a significantly reduced risk of death in both treatment cohorts (P< 0.001). In Study 9221, landmark analysis of BMBL response/stabilization showed a 6-fold improvement in OS (P< 0.001). Conclusions: These studies, spanning more than a decade with different therapeutic agents and settings, demonstrate a consistent positive correlation between BMBL response and OS in pts with HR-MDS, including pts on supportive care. This suggests that use of reduction/ stabilization in BMBL can serve as a new early response parameter, as an intermediate clinical endpoint for evaluation of new agents, and as a biomarker for disease progression in HR-MDS itself.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods in the Diameter Regime of 50 nm (2003)

We report a novel wet-chemical approach at 180 degrees C for the synthesis of monodispersed ZnO nanorods with high single-crystallinity. The method has successfully brought the ZnO nanorod diameter from a reported 150 nm down to the 50 nm regime in this work. The aspect ratio of the synthesized nanorods achieved is exceptionally high (in the range of 30-40). This simple low-cost approach should promise us a future large-scale synthesis of ZnO nanostructures for many important applications in nanotechnology in a controlled manner.
Onboard local compensation on ETS-W space robot teleoperation (1999)

Space robots teleoperated from the ground will augment human on-orbit capabilities with safety of astronauts. Target applications of space robots include on-orbit satellite assembly, maintenance, repair, refueling and science experiment servicing. A robot satellite named ETS-VII (Engineering Test satellite 7) was launched in 1997. Many space robot experiments have been conducted using it. Algorithms of onboard local compensation for teleoperation error due to communication time delay are described in this paper. On-board robot flight experiment results using the function are also discussed in this paper.
High-frequency, high-power MOS-FET (1982)

A high-frequency, high power n-channel MOS-FET suitable for use in aural power amplifiers of the VHF television transmitters was designed and fabricated. The maximum drain-source voltage as high as 130 volts was obtained with an ON resistance of 0.3 ohm at a gate-source voltage of 20 V with a drain current of 3 A. The drain-source feedback capacitance was designed to be 0.8 pF to operate the MOS-FET at VHF frequencies. The MOS-FET was satisfactorily operated at 250 MHz and the power gain was of 7 dB.
A novel smart antenna system implementation for broad-band wireless communications (2002)

A novel design of smart antenna system with adaptive beamforming capability is introduced for broad-band wireless communication. To achieve high data throughput of the multi-antenna system, a parallel analog-digital (A/D) signal processing scheme is proposed. The essential idea is to realize the real-time beamforming using heterodyne RF and IF circuitry. The bottleneck of digital signal processor (DSP) I/O and processing speed is thus relieved, while the advanced signal processing capability of the DSP chip is utilized. Based on this idea, a 5.8 GHz smart antenna receiver is implemented. Various experiments are carried out to examine the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, beam synthesis, and bit error rate (BER) performances of the system. A 20-Mb/s data throughput using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation is demonstrated for this eight-element adaptive array.
Cryogenic readout of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors using high-sensitivity adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron circuits (2021)

Abstract We have been developing readout interfaces for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SSPDs) using adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) logic. AQFP circuits operate with low power consumption, low bias currents, and high sensitivity, and thus are suitable as readout interfaces for large SSPD arrays. In this study, we develop a high-sensitivity AQFP interface, consisting of a current transformer, comparator, and rising-edge detector. We systematically investigated the current sensitivity of the AQFP interface by operating an NbTiN SSPD with the interface in a 0.1 W Gifford–McMahon cryocooler. We compared the outputs from the AQFP interface with the direct outputs from the SSPD, thereby demonstrating a sensitivity of 3.5 μ A, which is much smaller than that of the single-flux-quantum interfaces that we developed before.
Analytical modelling and performance evaluation of realistic time‐controlled M2M scheduling over LTE cellular networks (2013)

ABSTRACT Supporting emerging machine‐to‐machine (M2M) communications over Long‐term Evolution (LTE)/LTE Advanced cellular networks in an efficient way will be beneficial for both telecommunication communities. The first step to migrate to an M2M‐enabled cellular standard is to provide these new services through the existing architectures and protocols, while maintaining seamless backward compatibility. To this end, we thoroughly examined a key LTE Medium Access Control entity, which is the packet scheduler, and proposed solutions based on the time‐controlled M2M feature, to deal with the diverse M2M traffic characteristics and quality‐of‐service requirements. Starting from the single M2M class case, we extended our study to more realistic scenarios, involving more M2M classes with diverse quality‐of‐service requirements. We defined analytical models for predicting the system performance on the basis of queueing theory concepts and considered the interaction between classes with different priorities. The proposed analytical models are validated through extensive system‐level simulations. On the basis of the insight obtained from our analytical approach, we modified an existing scheduling algorithm to improve the performance of low‐priority M2M device groups, and we demonstrated its superior performance both experimentally and analytically. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Acidification of calf bedding reduces fly development and bacterial abundance (2010)

Environmental stressors, such as high fly density, can affect calf well-being. Sodium bisulfate (SBS) is an acidifier that reduces the pH of flooring and bedding, creating a medium that neither bacteria nor immature flies (also known as larvae or maggots) can thrive in. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the application of SBS to a mixture of rice hull calf bedding and calf slurry (BED) to reduce house fly (Musca domestica L.) larval density and the abundance of bacteria. In experiment 1, dish pans containing 1L of BED and 3,000 house fly eggs were treated with SBS at concentrations of 0, 8.9, 17.7, and 26.5g of SBS/0.05m(2) of BED (CON, LOW, MED, and HIGH, respectively), with each SBS concentration applied to 4 individual pans (16 pans total). Reapplication of the same SBS concentrations in each pan occurred 3 times/wk throughout the 23-d trial. Larval house fly survival was significantly reduced in all pans with SBS relative to CON pans, with lowest survival rates in the MED and HIGH pans (99% and 100% reduction, respectively). The mean pH for each treatment was inversely related to the SBS concentration. In experiment 2, pans containing 1L of BED and 3,000 house fly eggs were treated with either 0g of SBS (CON), 8.9g of SBS/0.05m(2) of BED with reapplication of the acidifier 3 times/wk (SB3x), or 8.9g of SBS/0.05m(2) of BED applied only once at 48h before the end of the 8 d-trial (SB48). Larval house fly survival and bacterial concentrations were reduced (90% larval reduction and 68% bacterial reduction) in the SB3x treatment relative to the CON. Mean pH was also reduced in SB3x pans relative to CON or SB48 pans. Overall, acidification of calf BED using the acidifier SBS resulted in a reduction of bacteria and house fly larval survival. This form of fly control might be expected to reduce adult fly production and, therefore, fly-related stress in calves.
Thermal stability of cadmium–calcium hydroxyapatite solid solutions (1986)

A continuous series of solid solutions of cadmium and calcium hydroxyapatite has been prepared from aqueous solution and characterized by X-ray diffraction and i.r. spectroscopic analyses. The lattice dimensions and the i.r. frequencies of the solid solutions vary linearly with the atom % of the cadmium. Upon heat treatment these solid solutions are converted into the β and α forms of cadmium-substituted tricalcium phosphate. Cadmium promotes these thermal conversions, having a destabilizing effect on the apatite structure. This effect cannot be explained by the small differences in the ionic radius of cadmium and calcium ions, but instead to differences in the nature of the cation–oxygen interactions.
A Novel Microdosimeter Based Upon Artificial Single Crystal Diamond (2012)

This paper represents the first attempt to discuss the use of an artificial single-crystal diamond as a new microdosimeter. The Diamond MicroDosimeter (DMD) detecting region is a thin layer of highly controlled thickness ( <; 5 μm) and high purity intrinsic monocrystalline diamond grown over a backing boron doped monocrystalline diamond. This viable, small, compact and user-friendly device is able to obtain spectra of the energy deposition in sensitive volumes of the order of micrometer. The paper reports the first experimental tests performed to measure the dose distribution in terms of lineal energy and the simulation performed by the Monte Carlo code FLUKA to optimize the design of the new DMD. Advantages and shortcomings of the DMD are discussed.
Epitaxial Templating of Two-Dimensional Metal Chloride Nanocrystals on Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide (2017)

We demonstrate the formation of ionic metal chloride (CuCl) two-dimensional (2D) nanocrystals epitaxially templated on the surface of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>). These 2D CuCl nanocrystals are single atomic planes from a nonlayered bulk CuCl structure. They are stabilized as a 2D monolayer on the surface of the MoS<sub>2</sub> through interactions with the uniform periodic surface of the MoS<sub>2</sub>. The heterostructure 2D system is studied at the atomic level using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy at 80 kV. Dynamics of discrete rotations of the CuCl nanocrystals are observed, maintaining two types of preferential alignments to the MoS<sub>2</sub> lattice, confirming that the strong interlayer interactions drive the stable CuCl structure. Strain maps are produced from displacement maps and used to track real-time variations of local atomic bonding and defect production. Density functional theory calculations interpret the formation of two types of energetically advantageous commensurate superlattices via strong chemical bonds at interfaces and predict their corresponding electronic structures. These results show how vertical heterostructured 2D nanoscale systems can be formed beyond the simple assembly of preformed layered materials and provide indications about how different 2D components and their interfacial coupling mode could influence the overall property of the heterostructures.
Simulation Model Design of a Security System Based on a Policy-Based Framework (2003)

The management of network infrastructure is difficult and complex with the growth of the Internet. In an era of increasing technical complexity, it is becoming difficult to find trained personnel who can manage the new features introduced into the various servers, routers, and security systems. This article describes the modeling and simulation of a security system based on a policy-based framework that has some merits. Each component is implemented in a hybrid design using modeling concepts from discrete event system specification (DEVS) formalism and problem-solving concepts from the blackboard architecture of artificial intelligence. The authors propose that the intrusion detection system detects intrusions by using the blackboard and reports this information to the policy-based framework for automatic management. The policy server informs the firewall about this situation to prevent damage to the network.