gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Brain Atlases in Stroke Management (2020)

Stroke is a leading cause of death and a major cause of permanent disability. Its management is demanding because of variety of protocols, imaging modalities, pulse sequences, hemodynamic maps, criteria for treatment, and time constraints to promptly evaluate and treat. To cope with some of these issues, we propose novel, patented solutions in stroke management by employing multiple brain atlases for diagnosis, treatment, and prediction. Numerous and diverse CT and MRI scans are used: ARIC cohort, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke CT cases, MRI cases with multiple pulse sequences, and 128 stroke CT patients, each with 170 variables and one year follow-up. The method employs brain atlases of anatomy, blood supply territories, and probabilistic stroke atlas. It rapidly maps an atlas to scan and provides atlas-assisted scan processing. Atlas-to-scan mapping is application-dependent and handles three types of regions of interest (ROIs): atlas-defined ROIs, atlas-quantified ROIs, and ROIs creating an atlas. An ROI is defined by atlas-guided anatomy or scan-derived pathology. The atlas defines ROI or quantifies it. A brain atlas potential has been illustrated in four atlas-assisted applications for stroke occurrence prediction and screening, rapid and automatic stroke diagnosis in emergency room, quantitative decision support in thrombolysis in ischemic stroke, and stroke outcome prediction and treatment assessment. The use of brain atlases in stroke has many potential advantages, including rapid processing, automated and robust handling, wide range of applications, and quantitative assessment. Further work is needed to enhance the developed prototypes, clinically validate proposed solutions, and introduce them to clinical practice.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Heteroleptic Ruthenium Complexes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2010)

Abstract We report three novel heteroleptic ruthenium complexes, RD1: Ru[(dcbpy)(1‐methyl‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzimidazole)(NCS)2, RD2: Ru [(dcbpy) (2‐(pyridine‐2‐yl) benzothiazole) (NCS) 2 , and RD3: Ru[(dcbpy)(2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl) benzoxazole) (NCS) 2 , for dye‐sensitized solar cell applications. We found that RD1 exhibits a dye loading amount two times higher than that of N719, which gives a broad IPCE action spectrum for the spectral response beyond 800 nm. This series of dyes can be easily synthesized in three steps with the best dye (RD1) reaching 80% cell performance of N719.
<title>Novel techniques for the fabrication of holey optical fibers</title> (2002)

Recently developed optical fibers rely on an array of air holes in the cladding to confine light to the fiber core as opposed to conventional telecommunications fibers that require a refractive index difference produced by different composition glasses in the core and cladding regions. Holey fibers have been fabricated by drawing an array of tubes stacked around a solid central core. In this paper, we describe a new technique to produce the holes (or pores) in the cladding region. These new fibers have been made by drawing a preform, consisting of a porous outer cladding region surrounding a solid central core region, into a fiber. During the fiber drawing process, the pores initially present in the preform cladding region are drawn into small, long, thin tubular pores. Controlling the dimensions and distribution of the pores in the preform can control the physical dimensions and distribution of the pores in the fiber. In some of the preforms, the porous cladding region in the preform was prepared by sol gel techniques. The preform fabrication process and fiber drawing process used to produce these new holey fibers as well as the results of the morphological study elucidating the size, shape and distribution of the porous phase are presented.
Mitogenic response of mouse spleen cells and gelation of limulus lysate by lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia pestis and evidence for neutralization of lipopolysaccharide by polymyxin B (1977)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted with phenol and water from Yersinia pestis was compared with LPS of Escherichia coli for stimulation of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in mouse spleen cells (lymphocyte mitogenesis), gelation of limulus lysate, pyrogenicity in the rabbit, and susceptibility to inhibition of these activities by polymyxin B sulfate (PBS). LPS of Y. pestis stimulated deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in mouse spleen cell cultures over the same quantitative range as LPS of E. coli. In the limulus tests and rabbit pyrogenicity studies, the LPS of Y. pestis was active but about 10 times less potent than E. coli LPS on a weight basis. PBS in concentrations from 1 to 10 microgram/ml diminished the rate of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in spleen cell cultures stimulated by LPS of both Y. pestis and E. coli. Addition of PBS to LPS of both Y. pestis and E. coli in a ratio of 100 parts of PBS to 1 part of LPS by weight increased by 10-fold the concentration of LPS required to produce gelation of limulus lysate and inhibited significantly pyrogenic responses in rabbits. These results demonstrating similarities of LPS of Y. pestis and E. coli may suggest that the pathogenesis of plague is similar to that of other gram-negative bacterial infections.
Systematic and Automated Multiprocessor System Design, Programming, and Implementation (2008)

For modern embedded systems in the realm of high-throughput multimedia, imaging, and signal processing, the complexity of embedded applications has reached a point where the performance requirements of these applications can no longer be supported by embedded system architectures based on a single processor. Thus, the emerging embedded system-on-chip platforms are increasingly becoming multiprocessor architectures. As a consequence, two major problems emerge, namely how to design and how to program such multiprocessor platforms in a systematic and automated way in order to reduce the design time and to satisfy the performance needs of applications executed on such platforms. As an efficient solution to these two problems, in this paper, we present the methodology and techniques implemented in a tool called Embedded System-level Platform synthesis and Application Mapping (ESPAM) for automated multiprocessor system design, programming, and implementation. ESPAM moves the design specification and programming from the Register Transfer Level and low-level C to a higher system level of abstraction. We explain how, starting from system-level platform, application, and mapping specifications, a multiprocessor platform is synthesized, programmed, and implemented in a systematic and automated way. The class of multiprocessor platforms we consider is introduced as well. To validate and evaluate our methodology, we used ESPAM to automatically generate and program several multiprocessor systems that execute three image processing applications, namely Sobel edge detection, Discrete Wavelet Transform, and Motion JPEG encoder. The performance of the systems that execute these applications is also presented in this paper.
Corrugated micromachined membrane structures (2003)

Thin film copper membranes on silicon substrates were constructed using microelectronic fabrication techniques. Membranes possessed radial surface corrugation patterns. Membrane sizes ranged from 3.25 mm to 4 mm in diameter. A corrugation height of 10 /spl mu/m was chosen to maximize membrane flexibility. Two corrugation pitches were used; 200 /spl mu/m and 120 /spl mu/m. Double-sided lithography was used to ensure proper alignment between frontside and backside features. Membranes were released using a combination of both KOH and XeF/sub 2/ backside etching. Surface corrugations were made using KOH etching on the frontside of the wafer. Thin film copper was deposited using thermal evaporation. Membrane flexibility was studied as a function of diameter and corrugation pitch. Membranes were electrostatically actuated using a high voltage DC supply.
Particle sorting using a subwavelength optical fiber (2013)

Abstract Size‐based particle sorting using a subwavelength optical fiber was demonstrated with 600‐nm and 1‐μm sizes of polystyrene particles. Optical forces acting on the particles were calculated based on three‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain simulations at wavelengths of 808, 1047, and 1310 nm propagating in a subwavelength optical fiber with diameter of 800 nm. Calculations indicate that by launching two counterpropagating laser beams at different wavelengths into the fiber, the directions of the resultant optical scattering forces acting on the two particle sizes can be opposite along the fiber, which leads to a countertransport of the particles. To verify the theoretical prediction, experiments were performed using the 800‐nm fiber to sort the two particle sizes. The results show that with two counterpropagating beams at 808 and 1310 nm, a continuous particle sorting was achieved. Measured particle velocities were in agreement with the theoretical calculations.
Parametric NRZ-to-RZ wavelength multicasting with pulsewidth tunability using Raman amplification multiwavelength pulse compressor (2014)

A novel technique for all-optical 4×10 Gb/s NRZ-to-RZ format conversion and wavelength multicasting with pulsewidth tunability using a Raman amplification-based multiwavelength pulses compressor and a high nonlinear fiber is successfully demonstrated. The input NRZ signal is multicast and converted to RZ signals at four wave mixing products and the pulsewidths follow those of the compressed clocks. The tunable pulsewidth of RZ signals outputs are around from 4.68 ps to 12.17 ps. Error-free operations are achieved with small penalty variations among RZ outputs channels.
Allogeneic transplantation for myelofibrosis: Final analysis of a prospective study after a median follow up of 5 years. (2015)

7008 Background: We report final results of a prospective phase II clinical trial of busulfan(bu) and fludarabine(flu) conditioning in patients with myelofibrosis(MF). After observing a higher relapse rate in the initial cohort, we increased the intensity of conditioning regimen for subsequent patients. Here we report updated mature results with a median follow up of 5 years. Methods: Patients with advanced MF were eligible if they had adequate organ function and at least 9/10 HLA matched related or unrelated donor. Of the 46 patients, first 15 (bu low group) received IV busulfan 130 mg/m2/day x 2 (day -3,-2). Of the remaining 31 (bu high group), 27 received IV busulfan dose to a target daily AUC of 4000 μmol.min x 4 (day -5 to -2) and 4 patients received a fixed dose of 100 mg/m2/day x 4 (days -5 to -2). All patients received fludarabine 40mg/m2x 4 (day -5 to -2). Results: 23 males and 23 females with a median age of 58 years (27-74) had intermediate (28) or high-risk (18) disease as per DIPSS plus criteria. Donors were matched sibs (19), matched unrelated (23), or mismatched unrelated (4). All patients engrafted with a median time to neutrophil engraftment of 13 (0-27) days and a median time to platelet engraftment of 24 (0-268) days. Cumulative incidence (CI) of grade II-IV, grade III, IV acute GVHD, and Chronic GVHD w 22%, 7%, and 40%, respectively. With a median follow up of surviving patients of 5.1 years (range 1-8.3 years), 3 year overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), cumulative incidence (CI) of non-relapse mortality (NRM), and CI of relapse were 69%, 48%, 13%, and 39%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that Bu-high dose (HR 0.44; p = 0.07) was associated with lower relapse rate. Bu-high dose (HR 0.5; p = 0.09), DIPSS plus high (HR 2.69; P = 0.02) and Age (HR 1.05; P = 0.08) were predictors of EFS. DIPSS plus high (HR 5.99; P = 0.001) and Age (HR 1.07; P = 0.03) were adverse predictors of OS. Conclusions: Allogeneic transplantation results in long-term survival in patients with myelofibrosis with better outcome seen in earlier phase of the disease. PK guided myeloablative busulfan (AUC 16,000 μmol.min) appears promising in reducing relapse rate without increasing non-relapse mortality.
Rapid Determination of HLA B*07 Ligands from the West Nile Virus NY99 Genome (2001)

Defined T cell epitopes for West Nile (WN) virus may be useful for developing subunit vaccines against WN virus infection and diagnostic reagents to detect WN virus-specific immune response. We applied a bioinformatics (EpiMatrix) approach to search the WN virus NY99 genome for HLA B*07 restricted cytotoxic T cell (CTL) epitopes. Ninety-five of 3,433 WN virus peptides scored above a predetermined cutoff, suggesting that these would be likely to bind to HLA B*07 and would also be likely candidate CTL epitopes. Compared with other methods for genome mapping, derivation of these ligands was rapid and inexpensive. Major histocompatibility complex ligands identified by this method may be used to screen T cells from WN virus-exposed persons for cell-mediated response to WN virus or to develop diagnostic reagents for immunopathogenesis studies and epidemiologic surveillance.
Calibrating use case points using bayesian analysis (2018)

Background: Use Case Points (UCPs) have been widely used to estimate software size for object-oriented projects. Yet, many research papers criticize the UCPs methodology for not being verified and validated with data, leading to inaccurate size estimates.
Semiconductor device modeling with BURN42: A one-dimensional code for modeling solid state devices (1985)

Version 42 of the BURN series of computer codes, models a one-dimensional semiconductor device in a simple external circuit. This code will model a two-pole semiconductor device made from a single material (currently assumed to be silicon) with an arbitrary doping profile. The code handles high and low applied voltages, high and low temperatures, and includes electrical generation of heat in the modeled device. The code has been used to model semiconductor diode operation and failure during high voltage transients, similar to those expected to be generated by an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) or a beam of intense microwaves. The results agree well with experimental data and show some unexpected details in the pulse failure threshold curve for a small signal diode.
Replication Data for: Dissecting the Performance of Nanoporous Gold Catalysts for Oxygen-Assisted Coupling of Methanol with Fundamental Mechanistic and Kinetic Information (2019)

The data underling this published work have been made publicly available in this repository as part of the IMASC Data Management Plan. This work was supported as part of the Integrated Mesoscale Architectures for Sustainable Catalysis (IMASC), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DE-SC0012573.
A Mobile Gateway for Remote Interaction With Wireless Sensor Networks (2011)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) almost invariably support a centralized network management model. Though the data gathering function is conducted remotely, such data are usually routed via data sinks to central servers for processing, storage, visualization, and interpretation. However, the issue of supporting remote access to WSNs and individual sensor nodes whilst in their physical environment has not been viewed as a priority. It is envisaged that this situation will change as WSNs proliferate in a range of domains, and the potential for supporting innovative revenue-generating services manifest themselves. As a step towards realizing such access, a mobile gateway has been designed and implemented. This gateway supports Zigbee as this is the predominant protocol supported by WSNs. Furthermore, it also supports Bluetooth, thereby facilitating interaction with conventional mobile devices. The gateway is programmable according to the needs of arbitrary services and applications.
Characterization of silver nanoparticles for biomedical applications by means of quantitative analysis of tem micrographs - biomed 2010. (2010)

In the recent years, an increasing interest has been directed toward the exploitation of silver nanoparticle technology in the development of bioactive biomaterials as well as in food and general biomedical applications. The antibacterial effect and the toxicity toward eukaryotic cells seem to be related, among others, to size and shape of such nanoparticles. A quantitative characterization of their morphology allows for a better understanding of their formation and stabilization improving their efficacy and safety in the design of the nanocomposite system. To this end, an image analysis methodology is proposed in the present paper. Starting from Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images of the nanoparticles and by means of proper segmentation, the proposed automated protocol can be employed as a size calculator as well as a shape descriptor. This methodology has been applied to a silver nanoparticle-polysaccharide nanocomposite system developed for biomaterials applications [1]. This study is a first step towards the development of automatic tools that are able to quantitatively analyze TEM images overcoming the subjectivity of human visual inspection.
Conical dielectric resonator antennas for wide-band applications (2002)

Wideband dielectric resonator antennas are designed by shaping the dielectric materials. New dielectric resonator antennas of conical shape are experimentally examined and some results are verified numerically. Four different cone shapes are considered. The excitation is considered to be a coaxial probe displaced from the cone axis. Two configurations show wideband performance. The split cone achieved about 50% impedance bandwidth. The radiation patterns are computed within the band to examine the effect of the different modes excited on the radiation patterns.
Prognostic significance of the expressions of Axl and/or Gas6 in patients with completely resected lung adenocarcinoma (2016)

<b>Background:</b> Axl is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in cell survival, proliferation and migration; however, its clinical significance in lung adenocarcinoma (AD) is not fully elucidated. Herein, we assessed the prognostic significance of expressions of Axl and/or its ligand, growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6), in patients with completely resected lung AD. <b>Methods:</b> Immunohistochemical (IHC) expressions of Axl and Gas6 protein in resected lung AD specimens (n=113) were correlated with demographics, EGFR mutation status, vimentin IHC (n=84), and survival. Axl, Gas6 and vimentin from lung AD cell lines (n=10) were also assayed using Western blot analysis, depending on EGFR status. <b>Results:</b> Expressions of Axl+, Gas6+ or Axl+/Gas6+ were significantly associated with that of vimentin+ in the tumor. Axl+, Gas6+ or Axl+/Gas6+ expressions were significantly associated with poor overall survival (P=0.027, P=0.042 and P=0.008, respectively). In multivariate analysis, EGFR mutant (hazard ratio [HR], 9.304; P=0.0001) in stage I, higher stage (HR, 2.553; P=0.019) in stages I∼III, and Axl+/Gas6+ expressions in both stage I (HR, 5.901; P=0.0024) and stages I∼III (HR, 2.614; P=0.015) were found to be independent factors for poorer patient outcome. Unlike lung AD cells with EGFR mutant, cells with EGFR wild-type by Western blotting have a close correlation between Axl and vimentin expression. <b>Conclusion:</b> Expressions of Axl+ and/or Gas6+ are relevant to poor prognosis of lung AD. Axl/Gas6 might serve as crucial predictive and prognostic biomarkers, and targets to help identify an individual who is at higher risk of death postoperatively.
A Thermally Bonded Nd:YAG Planar Waveguide Laser and Amplifier (1996)

The planar waveguide geometry is an attractive one for lasers [1] and amplifiers [2] since it offers some confinement of the pump and signal fields together with good power handling characteristics. We have demonstrated laser oscillation and amplification in a Nd:YAG waveguide, fabricated from bulk material by a thermal bonding technique. The waveguide, manufactured by Onyx Optics, California, consisted of a 5mm long, 20μm thick, lat.% Nd YAG layer sandwiched between two undoped YAG slabs. A feature of this guide fabrication technique is that it does not decrease peak cross section values by introducing additional line broadening.
High sensitivity magnetoelastic surface acoustic wave (SAW) magnetic field sensors (2022)

Typical demands for magnetic field sensor applications are high dynamic magnetic field ranges, ambient temperature operation, small dimensions, necessary for high spatial resolution, and low energy consumption. In the case of sensors for biomagnetic sensing very high requirements in case of sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) in the pT/Hz<sup>1/2</sup> to fT/Hz<sup>1/2</sup> range arise. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors based on the delta E effect combine the advantages of small form factor, ambient temperature operation and high sensitivity. The SAW sensor consists of a piezoelectric quartz substrate, a silicon oxide layer and a magnetoelastic (Fe<sub>90</sub>Co<sub>10</sub>)<sub>78</sub>Si<sub>12</sub>B<sub>10</sub> layer, deposited on top of the oxide layer. Between interdigital transducers (IDTs) at the ports of the sensor, horizontal shear (Love) waves propagate. The oxide layer serves as a guiding layer. If an external magnetic field is applied, the magnetization alterations in the FeCoSiB layer are accompanied by changes of the shear modulus G and the wave propagation changes. The phase change of a transmitted signal serves as a measure of a magnetic field. Very low phase noise read out electronics is required to detect the phase changes. Heterodyne and homodyne electronic read out circuits are equivalent in performance while homodyne systems are advantages in terms of monolithic integration. The presented SAW sensors reach a high sensitivity with an LOD of 152 pT/Hz<sup>1/2</sup> at 10 Hz and 52 pT/Hz<sup>1/2</sup> at 100 Hz. ed signal serves as a measure of a magnetic field. Very low phase noise read out electronics is required to detect the phase changes.
Linear interference cancellation in CDMA based on iterative techniques for linear equation systems (2000)

It has previously been shown that well known iterations for solving a set of linear equations correspond to linear interference cancellation structures. Here, we suggest applying a block-wise iteration that consists of an outer and an inner iteration. The outer iteration used is the Gauss-Seidel (GS) method, while for the inner iteration, we study direct matrix inversion, the Jacobi over-relaxation iteration, and the conjugate gradient iteration. When a true inner iteration is used, this approach allows for a timely derivation of the acceleration parameters required by advanced iterations. The block iteration is based on a symbol-level implementation which leads to the same detection delay profile for both parallel and serial structures at the expense of differences in the amount of serial processing required. This is discussed in some detail and quantified for comparison. The performance of the detectors is studied via computer simulations where it is found that the block approach can provide significantly faster convergence, leading to improved detection delay over the simpler GS iteration. The improvements are obtained at the expense of an increase in the required serial processing speed.
Constructing scalable hierarchical switched openflow network using adaptive replacement of flow table management (2013)

The need for building large networks is on the rise due to rapid growth of number of internet users and also in data centers where large number of switched networks are formed. Hierarchical structure is the most preferable way of handling complex systems of any kind. Hence in this paper we devise a large hierarchical switched network using OpenFlow and propose the concept of adaptive replacement in flow table to evict uncertain flows at a particular time. Open Flow is a protocol which separates the control plane and data plane which helps in managing flow table and also to place controllers in large hierarchical networks.