gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An autoradiographic study of the time of origin and the pattern of granule cell migration in the dentate gyrus of the rat (1975)

The dentate gyrus of the rat contains about 600,000 granule cells. These small neurons are generated over a prolonged period from the 14th day of gestation until some time after the second postnatal week. The majority of the cells pass through their last phase of DNA synthesis in the postnatal period, and during the peak period of cell generation, between the fifth and seventh days after birth, up to 50,000 granule cells are formed each day. Contrary to earlier reports, most of the cells pass through their last mitotic division either within the stratum granulosum itself, or within the hilar region of the developing gyrus. The precursor population of cells in the hilar region must therefore constitute a pool of true neuroblasts. The origin of this pool of cells has not been definitely established but it seems probable that its cells are derived from the neuroepithelium lining the lateral ventricle adjacent to the region from which the hippocampal pyramidal cells are generated. Examination of the final location of granule cells labeled at different stages reveals three distinct morphogenetic gradients in the gyrus. The cells in the dorsal blade tend to be formed earlier than those in the ventral blade; cells in the more caudal (or temporal) portions of the gyrus are generated earlier than those in more rostral (or septal) regions; and in all regions the more superficial neurons in the stratum granulosum are formed earlier than the deeper granule cells. The bearing of some of these findings on the development and organization of the connections of the dentate gyrus is discussed.
Enzymatic Degradation of Whale Cartilage Keratosulfate-III (1970)

Crude keratosulfate-degrading enzyme was obtained from the culture fluid of a strain of Escherichia freundii by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The enzyme was then purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex filtration, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, CM-cellulose chromatography and CM-cellulose rechromatography. The final preparation was electrophoretically homogeneous and showed nearly 1, 750 times as much specific activity as that of the original culture fluid.
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT MEDIA AND GENOTYPES IN IMPROVING ANTHER CULTURE RESPONSE IN RICE (Oryza sativa) IN BANGLADESH (2015)

Rice is an important crop in Bangladesh.In vitro production of doubled haploid (DH) plants through anther-culture provides an efficient method for rapid production of homozygous lines. For this purpose, two different media MS and N6 supplemented with 1mg/L BAP +1mg/L 2,4- D+0.5mg/L NAA were evaluated for callus induction and green plant regeneration.Results showed that the highest percentages of calluses and green plants as a continuous process were obtained by N6 compared to MS. The best response to callus formation was obtained by BR48 and and minimum green plant obtained from OM576.
Unique features of albumin (1989)

From the Division of Research and Development. Department of Experimental Therapeutics. Cutter Biological. Miles Inc. Berkeley CA.
T-Cell Densities in Brain Metastases Are Associated with Patient Survival Times and Diffusion Tensor MRI Changes (2017)

Brain metastases are common and are usually detected by MRI. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a derivative MRI technique that can detect disruption of white matter tracts in the brain. We have matched preoperative DTI with image-guided sampling of the brain-tumor interface in 26 patients during resection of a brain metastasis and assessed mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy (FA). The tissue samples were analyzed for vascularity, inflammatory cell infiltration, growth pattern, and tumor expression of proteins associated with growth or local invasion such as Ki67, S100A4, and MMP2, 9, and 13. A lower FA in the peritumoral region indicated more white matter tract disruption and independently predicted longer overall survival times (HR for death = 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.82; <i>P</i> = 0.024). Of all the biological markers studied, only increased density of CD3<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes in the same region correlated with decreased FA (Mann-Whitney <i>U, P</i> = 0.037) as well as confounding completely the effect of FA on multivariate survival analyses. We conclude that the T-cell response to brain metastases is not a surrogate of local tumor invasion, primary cancer type, or aggressive phenotype and is associated with patient survival time regardless of these biological factors. Furthermore, it can be assayed by DTI, potentially offering a quick, noninvasive, clinically available method to detect an active immune microenvironment and, in principle, to measure susceptibility to immunotherapy.<b>Significance:</b> These findings show that white matter tract integrity is degraded in areas where T-cell infiltration is highest, providing a noninvasive method to identify immunologically active microenvironments in secondary brain tumors. <i>Cancer Res; 78(3); 610-6. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Peptoid Polymers: A Highly Designable Bioinspired Material (2013)

Bioinspired polymeric materials are attracting increasing attention due to significant advantages over their natural counterparts: the ability to precisely tune their structures over a broad range of chemical and physical properties, increased stability, and improved processability. Polypeptoids, a promising class of bioinspired polymer based on a N-substituted glycine backbone, have a number of unique properties that bridge the material gap between proteins and bulk polymers. Peptoids combine the sequence specificity of biopolymers with the simpler intra/intermolecular interactions and robustness of traditional synthetic polymers. They are highly designable because hundreds of chemically diverse side chains can be introduced from simple building blocks. Peptoid polymers can be prepared by two distinct synthetic techniques offering access to two material subclasses: (1) automated solid-phase synthesis which enables precision sequence control and near absolute monodispersity up to chain lengths of ~50 monomers, and (2) a classical polymerization approach which allows access to higher molecular weights and larger-scale yields, but with less control over length and sequence. This combination of facile synthetic approaches makes polypeptoids a highly tunable, rapid polymer prototyping platform to investigate new materials that are intermediate between proteins and bulk polymers, in both their structure and their properties. In this paper, we review the methods to synthesize peptoid polymers and their applications in biomedicine and nanoscience, as both sequence-specific materials and as bulk polymers.
Lysosome-Related Genes Are Regulated in the Orbital Fat of Patients with Graves’ Ophthalmopathy (2008)

Lysosome-related genes, such as CLN2, CLN3, and HEXB, may be involved in the pathogenesis of adipose tissue hypertrophy in TED.
Monanchoxymycalin C with anticancer properties, new analogue of crambescidin 800 from the marine sponge Monanchora pulchra (2017)

A new pentacyclic guanidine alkaloid, monanchoxymycalin C (<b>1</b>) was isolated from a new collection of marine sponge <i>Monanchora pulchra</i> along with the known monanchoxymycalin A (<b>2</b>). The structure of <b>1</b> was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Monanchoxymycalin C exhibits cytotoxic activity against human cancer HeLa cells at low micromolar concentrations, induces apoptosis-related death of malignant cells and inhibits cancer cell colony formation. In addition, synergistic and additive effects have been observed in combination with cisplatin.
APPLICATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES IN VIRAL INHIBITION: A NEW HOPE FOR ANTIVIRALS (2014)

In modern era, viral infections constitute one of the main health problems. Chemically synthesized antiviral drugs have adverse side effects which are associated with other health complications. The emergence of new infectious diseases and increase in frequency of drug resistant viruses demand the most effective and novel therapeutic agents, one of which are nanoparticles. Nanoparticles excel as therapeutic agents due to their unique physiochemical properties and a universally applicable physical mode of action. Their large surface area to volume ratio offers them an edge as an antiviral agent. The review focuses on the mechanism of action of silver nanoparticles and their novel therapeutic applications against some viruses bearing potentially fatal consequences.
Nonparaxial, three-dimensional and fractal speckle (2012)

Speckle can be modeled by analysis of the statistics of the image of a phase object such as a rough surface. The image can be calculated using the coherent transfer function of the imaging system and the angular spectrum representation. This approach gives a three-dimensional image, and includes the effects of high numerical aperture and the finite depth of the structure. Different correlation coefficients can be assumed, including fractal distributions, such as exponential correlation, as well as Gaussian correlation.
Characterization of an Isoeugenol Monooxygenase (Iem) from <i>Pseudomonas nitroreducens</i> Jin1 That Transforms Isoeugenol to Vanillin (2013)

The isoeugenol monooxygenase (iem) gene from Pseudomonas nitroreducens Jin1, responsible for the conversion of isoeugenol to vanillin, was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The purified Iem had a predicted molecular mass of 54 kDa. The V(max), K(M), and k(cat) values for it, using isoeugenol as substrate, were 4.2 µmol vanillin min(-1) mg(-1) of protein, 120 µM, and 3.8 s(-1), respectively. Maximum substrate turnover for Iem occurred at 30 °C and pH 9.0. An (18)Oxygen-labeling experiment revealed that oxidative cleavage of isoeugenol by Iem was catalyzed via a monooxygenation reaction, and that incorporation of the oxygen atom from O(2) into vanillin was preferable to incorporation from water. While the catalytic activity of Iem, as prepared, did not require the addition of any organic or metal cofactor, ICP-MS analysis showed 0.7 mol of iron per mol of Iem. Moreover site-directed mutagenesis of Iem of four conserved histidine residues individually, His(167), His(218), His(282), and His(471), which appear to be involved in ligand bonding with Fe(2+), resulted in a loss of activity. Enzyme activity was not appreciably influenced by preincubation of Iem with high concentrations of chelators, suggesting that iron is tightly bound. Iem has an iron-mediated mechanism that is widely spread among the three domains of life.
Sensitivity, Selectivity and Stability of Gas-Sensitive Metal-Oxide Nanostructures (2010)

or keywords. 40 Sensitivity, Selectivity, and Stability of Gas-Sensitive Metal-Oxide Nanostructures й Sb S i Sr T j O 2 3% 3 % 3% 3o / o W o 3
Safety and Tolerability of the γ-Secretase Inhibitor Avagacestat in a Phase 2 Study of Mild to Moderate Alzheimer Disease (2012)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00810147
Potential errors in FTIR measurement of oxidation in ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene implants (1999)

Potential sources of error in the use of FTIR to measure the level of oxidation in ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene acetabular cups were evaluated using cups from a hip simulator wear study with and without artificial aging, as well as cups retrieved from clinically failed hip prostheses. Oxidation was measured as a function of depth below the bearing surface using transmission FTIR on microtomed sections of the cups. To account for the variation of the thickness of the microtomed sections, oxidation was plotted as the ratio of the absorbance of the carbonyl groups to the absorbance of a reference band at 2022 cm-1. Overnight soaking in hexane reduced the apparent levels of oxidation, presumably due to the extraction of absorbed contaminants. In cups with low to moderate levels of oxidation, the reference absorption was relatively independent of the level of oxidation and was linearly proportional to the thickness of the specimens, providing reproducible oxidation ratios. However, the scatter in the reference absorption and in the apparent oxidation ratio increased with increasing levels of oxidation and was greatest for the thickest (400 microm) microtomed sections. The profiles of the oxidation ratios for a given specimen that were plotted by the present study method could be numerically adjusted to coincide with the ratios plotted using the methods of two previous investigators, providing conversion factors that are useful for comparing results among the studies.
4CPS-095 Appropriateness of empirical antibiotic therapy for cervicitis and urethritis prescribed at the emergency department (2022)

<h3>Background and importance</h3> Sexually transmitted diseases are the most common cause of urethritis and cervicitis. <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> and <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> are frequently involved in the development of these infections. Guidelines have recently updated treatment recommendations due to the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. <h3>Aim and objectives</h3> To assess the appropriateness of empirical antibiotic therapy for cervicitis and urethritis prescribed in the emergency department (ED). <h3>Material and methods</h3> We designed an observational, descriptive and retrospective study. Inclusion criteria: adult patients with suspected cervicitis or urethritis who attended the ED of a tertiary hospital in 2020. Patients with suspected pelvic inflammatory disease, prostatitis and those who required hospital admission were excluded. Recommendations for the empirical treatment include the combination of ceftriaxone 500 mg intramuscularly (single dose) plus azithromycin 1000 mg oral (single dose) or ceftriaxone 500 mg intramuscularly (single dose) plus doxycycline 100 mg oral twice daily for 7 days. Appropriateness of empirical antibiotic therapy was evaluated taking into account four aspects: indication, dosing, duration of therapy and route of administration. In this way, patients could be classified as undertreated or overtreated. Data were obtained from the electronic medical record, the electronic prescription program and the discharge summary. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board. <h3>Results</h3> 176 patients were included, mean age was 28.9 years (SD 7.7) and 90.9% were men. The most commonly prescribed treatment was the combination of ceftriaxone and azithromycin (83.0%). The percentage of patients that received inadequate treatment was 72.7%. The total number of drug errors was 148. The most frequent cause was undertreatment (55.5%) related to underdosing (50.7%), particularly with regard to ceftriaxone. The percentage of errors related to indication was 10.8%, dosing 85.8%, duration 3.4% and route of administration 0%. 33.3% of the patients treated with doxycycline did not collect the medication at the pharmacy to complete the antibiotic course. <h3>Conclusion and relevance</h3> A high percentage of patients who attended the ED for cervicitis or urethritis received an inappropriate empirical antibiotic regimen. The main reason was undertreatment due to underdosing. The use of a standard order set could optimise antimicrobial therapy. <h3>References and/or acknowledgements</h3> <h3>Conflict of interest</h3> No conflict of interest
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide Syntheses by Stereoselective Four‐Component Condensations with O‐Alkyl 1‐β‐Glucopyranosylamines and Other Chiral Amines (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The impact of the pH value on skin integrity and cutaneous wound healing (2009)

The process of cutaneous wound healing comprises three overlapping major phases: inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodelling. However, while mechanisms are studied scientifically on the cellular and subcellular level, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning basic clinical parameters like wound pH or pO2. It could be proven that wound healing is affected by wound pH changes as they can lead to an inhibition of endogenous and therapeutically applied enzymes. Besides, the conformational structure of proteins and their functionality in wound healing is altered. Furthermore, the likelihood of bacterial colonization, which is a common problem in chronic wound pathogenesis, is affected by wound pH alterations. However, wound pH is rarely taken into account in current wound therapy strategies. A routinely performed monitoring of the wound pH and a subsequently adapted wound therapy would most possibly improve chronic wound therapy.
Données multimodales pour l'analyse d'image (2010)

La présente thèse s'intéresse à l'utilisation de méta-données textuelles pour l'analyse d'image. Nous cherchons à utiliser ces informations additionelles comme supervision faible pour l'apprentissage de modèles de reconnaissance visuelle. Nous avons observé un récent et grandissant intérêt pour les méthodes capables d'exploiter ce type de données car celles-ci peuvent potentiellement supprimer le besoin d'annotations manuelles, qui sont coûteuses en temps et en ressources. Nous concentrons nos efforts sur deux types de données visuelles associées à des informations textuelles. Tout d'abord, nous utilisons des images de dépêches qui sont accompagnées de légendes descriptives pour s'attaquer à plusieurs problèmes liés à la reconnaissance de visages. Parmi ces problèmes, la vérification de visages est la tâche consistant à décider si deux images représentent la même personne, et le nommage de visages cherche à associer les visages d'une base de données à leur noms corrects. Ensuite, nous explorons des modèles pour prédire automatiquement les labels pertinents pour des images, un problème connu sous le nom d'annotation automatique d'image. Ces modèles peuvent aussi être utilisés pour effectuer des recherches d'images à partir de mots-clés. Nous étudions enfin un scénario d'apprentissage multimodal semi-supervisé pour la catégorisation d'image. Dans ce cadre de travail, les labels sont supposés présents pour les données d'apprentissage, qu'elles soient manuellement annotées ou non, et absentes des données de test. Nos travaux se basent sur l'observation que la plupart de ces problèmes peuvent être résolus si des mesures de similarité parfaitement adaptées sont utilisées. Nous proposons donc de nouvelles approches qui combinent apprentissage de distance, modèles par plus proches voisins et méthodes par graphes pour apprendre, à partir de données visuelles et textuelles, des similarités visuelles spécifiques à chaque problème. Dans le cas des visages, nos similarités se concentrent sur l'identité des individus tandis que, pour les images, elles concernent des concepts sémantiques plus généraux. Expérimentalement, nos approches obtiennent des performances à l'état de l'art sur plusieurs bases de données complexes. Pour les deux types de données considérés, nous montrons clairement que l'apprentissage bénéficie de l'information textuelle supplémentaire résultant en l'amélioration de la performance des systèmes de reconnaissance visuelle.
Pharmacological Modulation of the Hedgehog Pathway Differentially Affects Dorsal/Ventral Patterning in Mouse and Human Embryonic Stem Cell Models of Telencephalic Development (2011)

A complex set of extrinsic and intrinsic signals acts in specific temporal and spatial orders to enable neural differentiation during development. These processes have been extensively studied in animal models, but human neural development remains much less understood. This lack of detailed information about human early neurogenesis is a hindrance for the differentiation of pluripotent stem cell lines into specific neuronal phenotypes. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the interspecies comparative approaches. We describe a novel model system in which in vitro differentiation of human and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are temporally aligned to each other and compared with mouse telencephalic neurogenesis in vivo. In this comparative model system, we tested the in vitro role of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling for ES cell-derived telencephalic differentiation. In vivo, Hh signaling mediates dorsal/ventral patterning during early stages of telencephalic development. We monitored the effect of pharmacological modulators of the Hh signaling pathway, purmorphamine-an agonist and cyclopamine-an antagonist of the Smoothened receptor (Smo), on the expression of region-specific transcription factors and signaling molecules relevant for telencephalic development in vivo. Purmorphamine strongly upregulated the expression of telencephalic ventral markers Nkx2.1, Nkx6.2, Lhx6, and Lhx8 in mouse and human cells, thus reflecting the in vivo process of the medial ganglionic eminence patterning and specification. Cyclopamine upregulated the expression of telencephalic dorsal markers, but at lower levels in human compared with mouse cells. Modulation of Smo in vitro differentially affected, in mouse and human cells, the expression of molecules of the Hh pathway, especially the Gli1 and Gli3 effectors, Sonic Hh ligand and Ptch receptors. These results provide evidence for the different default differentiation of mouse and human ES cells and prove the utility of the comparative system for optimizing the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells.
Hypothyroidism in hibernating brown bears (2023)

Brown bears hibernate throughout half of the year as a survival strategy to reduce energy consumption during prolonged periods with scarcity of food and water. Thyroid hormones are the major endocrine regulators of basal metabolic rate in humans. Therefore, we aimed to determine regulations in serum thyroid hormone levels in hibernation compared to the active state to investigate if these are involved in the adaptions for hibernation.We used electrochemiluminescence immunoassay to quantify total triiodothyronine (T<sub>3</sub>) and thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>) levels in hibernation and active state in paired serum samples from six subadult Scandinavian brown bears. Additionally, we determined regulations in the liver mRNA levels of three major thyroid hormone-binding proteins; thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), transthyretin (TTR), and albumin, by analysis of previously published grizzly bear RNA sequencing data.We found that bears were hypothyroid when hibernating with T<sub>4</sub> levels reduced to less than 44% (P = 0.008) and T<sub>3</sub> levels reduced to less than 36% (P = 0.016) of those measured in the active state. In hibernation, mRNA levels of TBG and albumin increased to 449% (P = 0.031) and 121% (P = 0.031), respectively, of those measured in the active state. TTR mRNA levels did not change.Hibernating bears are hypothyroid and share physiologic features with hypothyroid humans, including decreased basal metabolic rate, bradycardia, hypothermia, and fatigue. We speculate that decreased thyroid hormone signaling is a key mediator of hibernation physiology in bears. Our findings shed light on the translational potential of bear hibernation physiology to humans for whom a similar hypometabolic state could be of interest in specific conditions.