gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Oil Recovery in Fractured Reservoirs by Strong Foams Stabilized by Nanoparticles (2021)

Enhanced oil recovery in fractured reservoirs is challenging because injected fluids flow mainly through the fractures without displacing oil from the matrix. Foam can enable injection into the matrix by creating a high pressure in the fractures. However, the foam has to be strong and stable in the presence of oil recovered from the matrix. This study focuses on developing a strong foam using nanoparticles and surfactants. Ethyl cellulose nanoparticles (ECNP) with a relatively narrow size distribution were prepared and dispersed in brine along with a nonionic surfactant (SF). The SF performed as both a nanoparticle dispersion agent and a foaming agent. The foam by ECNP/SF had better foamability and stability than the SF foam in the presence of oil. The mobility reduction factor of the ECNP/SF foam was 100 times larger than that of the SF foam and 3 times larger than an alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) foam in a sand pack. Foam was injected into a fractured oil-wet Texas Cream limestone core saturated with oil. The oil recovery due to the ECNP/SF foam was significantly higher than those with only gas injection and conventional AOS foam injection. The novelty in this work lies in combining nanoparticles with surfactants to generate a strong foam which can be used to improve oil recovery from fractured, oil-wet reservoirs.
Collision induced dissociation of doubly charged stored metal cluster ions (1997)

Singly charged noble metal cluster ions from an external laser vaporization source are accumulated in a Penning trap. They are subjected to electron bombardment for further ionization. The doubly charged clusters are size selected and their low energy fragmentation pathways are studied by multiple-collision-induced dissociation. The reaction products are analysed by time-of-flight detection. In general, large clusters tend to evaporate neutral atoms while small clusters fission into two singly charged fragments, one of which is a trimer. The details, however, vary and depend on the specific elements and cluster sizes as exemplified by the fragmentation of doubly charged copper, silver, gold and platinum clusters of size around n = 16. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of interferon signaling by dengue virus (2003)

Dengue virus is a worldwide-distributed mosquito-borne flavivirus with a positive strand RNA genome. Its transcribed polyprotein is cleaved by host- and virus-encoded peptidases into 10 proteins, some of which are of unknown function. Although dengue virus-infected cells seem to be resistant to the antiviral action of IFN, the viral products that mediate this resistance are unknown. Therefore, we have analyzed the ability of the 10 dengue virus-encoded proteins to antagonize the IFN response. We found that expression in human A549 cells of the dengue virus nonstructural proteins NS2A, NS4A, or NS4B enhances replication of an IFN-sensitive virus. Moreover, expression of NS4B and, to a lesser extent, of NS2A and NS4A proteins results in down-regulation of IFN-beta-stimulated gene expression. Cells expressing NS4B or infected with dengue virus do not exhibit nuclear signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 on treatment with IFN-beta or IFN-gamma, indicating that NS4B might be involved in blocking IFN signaling during dengue virus infections. This protein, encoded by a positive strand RNA virus, is implicated as an IFN-signaling inhibitor.
Reconstruction and signal propagation analysis of the Syk signaling network in breast cancer cells (2017)

The ability to build in-depth cell signaling networks from vast experimental data is a key objective of computational biology. The spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) protein, a well-characterized key player in immune cell signaling, was surprisingly first shown by our group to exhibit an onco-suppressive function in mammary epithelial cells and corroborated by many other studies, but the molecular mechanisms of this function remain largely unsolved. Based on existing proteomic data, we report here the generation of an interaction-based network of signaling pathways controlled by Syk in breast cancer cells. Pathway enrichment of the Syk targets previously identified by quantitative phospho-proteomics indicated that Syk is engaged in cell adhesion, motility, growth and death. Using the components and interactions of these pathways, we bootstrapped the reconstruction of a comprehensive network covering Syk signaling in breast cancer cells. To generate in silico hypotheses on Syk signaling propagation, we developed a method allowing to rank paths between Syk and its targets. We first annotated the network according to experimental datasets. We then combined shortest path computation with random walk processes to estimate the importance of individual interactions and selected biologically relevant pathways in the network. Molecular and cell biology experiments allowed to distinguish candidate mechanisms that underlie the impact of Syk on the regulation of cortactin and ezrin, both involved in actin-mediated cell adhesion and motility. The Syk network was further completed with the results of our biological validation experiments. The resulting Syk signaling sub-networks can be explored via an online visualization platform.
Engineering Iron Oxide Hollow Nanospheres to Enhance Antimicrobial Property: Understanding the Cytotoxic Origin in Organic Rich Environment (2016)

Engineered magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with surprisingly high antimicrobial activity and excellent safety profiles to mammalian cell lines have been developed. Hematite hollow nanospheres (HNSs) are prepared by a facile hard templating method; reduction of hematite HNSs by H 2 leads to magnetite HNSs. The antimicrobial activity of magnetite HNSs towards Gram negative ( Escherichia coli ) and Gram positive ( Staphylococcus epidermidis ) bacteria is evaluated against hematite HNSs and conventional magnetite (C‐magnetite; diameter &lt;50 nm). Superior antibacterial performance is observed for magnetite HNSs towards both E. coli and S. epidermidis over hematite HNSs and C‐magnetite. The origin of the antimicrobial activity of magnetite HNSs is the high leaching of iron ions in the presence of microorganisms, which leads to high generation of reactive oxygen species. Magnetite HNSs allow multiple‐fold increase in the generation of soluble iron ions over hematite HNSs and C‐magnetite, showing that control over both the composition and nanostructure is crucial to tune the antimicrobial activity of iron oxides. Based on the current findings, magnetic HNSs show promising potential antimicrobial applications.
Dichotomy of Control: Separating What You Can Control from What You Cannot (2022)

Future- or return-conditioned supervised learning is an emerging paradigm for offline reinforcement learning (RL), where the future outcome (i.e., return) associated with an observed action sequence is used as input to a policy trained to imitate those same actions. While return-conditioning is at the heart of popular algorithms such as decision transformer (DT), these methods tend to perform poorly in highly stochastic environments, where an occasional high return can arise from randomness in the environment rather than the actions themselves. Such situations can lead to a learned policy that is inconsistent with its conditioning inputs; i.e., using the policy to act in the environment, when conditioning on a specific desired return, leads to a distribution of real returns that is wildly different than desired. In this work, we propose the dichotomy of control (DoC), a future-conditioned supervised learning framework that separates mechanisms within a policy's control (actions) from those beyond a policy's control (environment stochasticity). We achieve this separation by conditioning the policy on a latent variable representation of the future, and designing a mutual information constraint that removes any information from the latent variable associated with randomness in the environment. Theoretically, we show that DoC yields policies that are consistent with their conditioning inputs, ensuring that conditioning a learned policy on a desired high-return future outcome will correctly induce high-return behavior. Empirically, we show that DoC is able to achieve significantly better performance than DT on environments that have highly stochastic rewards and transition
Proteomic Exploration of Membrane Curvature Sensors Using a Series of Spherical Supported Lipid Bilayers (2020)

Membrane curvature-sensing (MCS) proteins recognize and regulate the morphologies of biological membranes. As these proteins lack characteristic sequence motifs in their primary structure, they are not instantly recognizable by genomic databases. Overcoming this technological challenge toward the agile identification of new proteins can promote the elucidation of membrane morphological regulation. Here, for the selective identification of MCS proteins, comparative proteomic analysis was performed using different sizes of the spherical supported lipid bilayer (SSLB), which consists of spherical SiO<sub>2</sub> particles covered with a lipid bilayer. Because of the presence of SiO<sub>2</sub> core, the curvature of the surrounding membrane is well-controlled and stable even on a micron scale. To prove this concept, known membrane curvature-sensing protein domains, Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) and Epsin N-terminal homology (ENTH), were evaluated by performing a binding assay using SSLBs, and the preferential binding to the highly curved membrane was confirmed. Peripheral membrane proteins obtained from normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) and human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells were used in shotgun proteomic analysis, and 786 and 949 proteins were identified from SSLBs as lipid membrane binders, respectively. Statistical quantitative analyses of proteins detected from each SSLB with a different size revealed 118 candidate proteins, including 23 proteins unique to MDA-MB-231 cells, as membrane curvature sensors, including some previously reported curvature sensors. Functional clustering analysis based on the KEGG orthology database revealed that the protein-binding property to specific high or low membrane curvature correlated with their functions. Further investigation of candidate proteins will lead to the identification of new MCS proteins as well as cancer biomarkers.
Kidney volume quantification using contrast-enhanced in vivo X-ray micro-CT in mice (2008)

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Did Maxwell Pull a Fast One? [AP-S Turnstile] (2010)

A radiometer (also known as a light-mill, and more precisely as a Crookes radiometer) was developed by Sir William Crookes in 1873 while investigating infrared radiation and the element thallium. Crookes submitted a paper using differential radiation pressure to describe the operation of the radiometer. The paper was reviewed by Maxwell, who accepted Crookes's explanation, taking delight apparently in the experimental vindication of radiation pressure predicted by his electromagnetic theory. However, within a few years, it was noted that if radiation pressure were responsible for making the vanes turn, the vanes would turn in the direction opposite to what is actually observed. The brighter reflective side would have the greater radiation pressure and, therefore, the vane would be pushed towards the darker side.In 1879, Osborne Reynolds (remember the "Reynolds number" from fluid dynamics?) offered the correct qualitative explanation for the radiometer's rotation, based on his theory of "thermal transpiration," in a manuscript submitted to the Royal Society. In the presence of a thermal gradient, gas molecules exert tangential forces along the edges of a vane, which results in the rotation observed. Maxwell was again a reviewer for the manuscript; he bought Reynolds's explanation, but recommended changes to the analysis.
Presentation Trainer, your Public Speaking Multimodal Coach (2015)

The Presentation Trainer is a multimodal tool designed to support the practice of public speaking skills, by giving the user real-time feedback about different aspects of her nonverbal communication. It tracks the user's voice and body to interpret her current performance. Based on this performance the Presentation Trainer selects the type of intervention that will be presented as feedback to the user. This feedback mechanism has been designed taking in consideration the results from previous studies that show how difficult it is for learners to perceive and correctly interpret real-time feedback while practicing their speeches. In this paper we present the user experience evaluation of participants who used the Presentation Trainer to practice for an elevator pitch, showing that the feedback provided by the Presentation Trainer has a significant influence on learning.
Nonstoichiometry effects on microstructure in amorphous CdGeAs2 (1989)

The mechanism of nucleation and growth in amorphous semiconducting CdGeAs 2 has been demonstrated with the aid of thermal analysis, TEM, and XRD to be: 1) germanium precursor formation, 2) nonstoichiometric chalcopyrite structure crystal growth from the germanium precursor, and 3) solid state transformation of the precursor to the chalcopyrite structure. This crystallization sequence does not follow the pseudo-binary phase diagram which indicates that only in the case of germanium content in excess of stoichiometric CdGeAs 2 should α solid solution form in equilibrium with chalcopyrite structured CdGeAs 2 (see Fig. 1). To establish the extent of the germanium precursor nucleation mechanism, samples of deficient (CdGe 0.8 As 2 ), stoichiometric, and excess (CdGe 1.2 As 2 ) germanium content were prepared in the bulk amorphous form. Samples were fabricated by water-quenching the molten compound, vacuum sealed in carbon coated (by pyrolysis) fused silica tubes. The amorphous ampoules were broken out of the tubes, sliced to fit the hermetically sealing sample capsule for the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and heat treated at 0.5°C/min to various points along the exotherms. The partially devitrified samples were mechanically thinned and ion-milled using a liquid nitrogen cold stage, for examination in the TEM.
Smart FPA's: are they worth the effort? (2006)

CMOS APS technology allows including signal processing in the sensor array. Inclusion of functionality however will come at a cost both financially and in the field of limited applicability. Based on two real world examples (micro digital sunsensor core and lightning flash detector for Meteosat Third Generation (MTG)) it will be demonstrated that large system gains can be obtained by devising smart focal planes. Therefore it is felt that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages for some applications, making it worth to spend the effort on system integration.
Adaptive damping and mean removal for the generalized approximate message passing algorithm (2015)

The generalized approximate message passing (GAMP) algorithm is an efficient method of MAP or approximate-MMSE estimation of x observed from a noisy version of the transform coefficients z = Ax. In fact, for large zero-mean i.i.d sub-Gaussian A, GAMP is characterized by a state evolution whose fixed points, when unique, are optimal. For generic A, however, GAMP may diverge. In this paper, we propose adaptive-damping and mean-removal strategies that aim to prevent divergence. Numerical results demonstrate significantly enhanced robustness to non-zero-mean, rank-deficient, column-correlated, and ill-conditioned A.
Quantum phase slips in a resonant Josephson junction (2023)

We investigate the consequences of resonant tunneling of Cooper pairs on the quantum phase slips occurring in a Josephson junction. The amplitude for quantum tunneling under the Josephson potential barrier is modified by the Landau-Zener amplitude of adiabatic passage through an Andreev level crossing, resulting in the suppression of $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase slips. As a consequence, close to resonance, $4\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase slips become the dominant tunneling process. We illustrate this crossover by determining the energy spectrum of a transmon circuit, showing that a residual charge dispersion persists even at perfect transparency.
Noirware (2015)

The use of RFID in security-challenging applications is a kind of a priori misguided technology. The author gives a retrospective view on RFID creep and GPS abuse.
Hyperstrong Neutral Organic Bases:  Phosphazeno Azacalix[3](2,6)pyridines (2007)

The gas-phase basicities and pKa values in acetonitrile of tris(phosphazeno)-substituted azacalix[3](2,6)pyridine and some related compounds are examined by DFT computational method. It is shown that the hexakis(phosphazeno) derivative of azacalix[3](2,6)pyridine is a hyperstrong neutral base as evidenced by the absolute proton affinity (APA) of 314.6 kcal mol(-1) and pKa(MeCN) of 37.3 units. It is a consequence of the very strong bifurcated hydrogen bond (32 kcal mol(-1)) and substantial cationic resonance effect.
Psychological, Cognitive and Quality of Life Features in the Elderly with Chronic Headache (2009)

Chronic headache is common in the elderly, but there is little specific research on the impact on quality of life of headache and beliefs about pain in this age group. This study investigated the influence of headache type as well as headache frequency (> or =15 headache days/month vs. <15 headache days/month) on quality of life and determined the relationships between elder's well-being, pain beliefs and related headache features including commonly reported neck pain. 118 headache subjects and 44 non-headache controls, aged 60-75 years, were recruited from the community. Subjects completed a headache questionnaire for classification purposes, the SF-36, the Geriatric Depression Scale-short form (GDS-S), the Survey of Pain Attitudes (SOPA-35) and the Neck Disability Index (NDI). The results revealed that elders with headache compared to the control group scored lower on most SF-36 domains, higher on the GDS-S (p < 0.05) and comparably on the SOPA-35 (p > 0.05), noting that the GDS score was below the threshold value for depression. These measures were not different between the headache types but were influenced by headache frequency. Subjects with headaches > or =15 days/month scored lowest on SF-36 domains and highest on GDS-S questionnaire compared to those with headache <15 days/month and controls (all p < 0.05). The mean NDI score in the headache subjects indicated the presence of mild to moderate neck pain and disability. There were no strong relationships between well-being and headache frequency, intensity and length of headache history. The NDI score had the greatest influence on physical well-being and GDS-S score on mental well-being (p < 0.001). The results suggest that frequency of headache has an impact on health-related quality of life in elders. Notably, the level of neck pain and disability is an important factor influencing well-being and may warrant attention in the management of elders with chronic headache.
The effect of hexarelin on growth hormone (GH) secretion in patients with GH deficiency. (1995)

Hexarelin (Hex) is a new synthetic hexapeptide with potent GH-releasing activity in both animals and men. We evaluated the GH response to maximal doses of Hex (2 micrograms/kg, iv) and GHRH-(1-29) (1 microgram/kg, iv) in 15 children (11 boys and 4 girls, aged 6.0-17.3 yr) and 4 adults (3 men and 1 woman, aged 20.2-30 yr) with GH deficiency (GHD). GHD was idiopathic in 8 patients and associated with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome in 8, with a pituitary cyst in 2, and with empty sella syndrome in 1. In 11 patients, GHD was isolated, whereas in 8, it was associated with other pituitary hormone deficiencies. Forty-five short normal children (24 boys and 21 girls, aged 5.9-14 yr) served as controls. In patients with idiopathic GHD, the GH response to Hex was similar to that observed in short normal children, and it was significantly higher than the response to GHRH. In the patients with GHD associated with anatomical abnormalities, the GH responses to GHRH varied from normal to absent. Among these subjects, only 1 patient with a pituitary cyst had a sizable GH response to Hex, whereas in all others, the GH response to Hex was absent or blunted compared with those in the short normal children and the patients with idiopathic GHD. In all patients except those with associated ACTH deficiency, Hex administration caused a slight, but significant, increase in cortisol concentrations. This study shows that Hex stimulates GH secretion in patients with idiopathic GHD. The inability of Hex to stimulate GH secretion in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection strongly supports the concept that in humans, the GH-releasing effect of GH-releasing peptides is mediated by the hypothalamus.
SPERMINE DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATES THE PRODUCTION OF INTERLEUKIN-12 P40 AND INTERLEUKIN-10 AND SUPPRESSES THE RELEASE OF THE T HELPER 1 CYTOKINE INTERFERON-γ (2000)

Polyamines are endogenous immunomodulatory molecules. Recent studies revealed that polyamines suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine on the production of interleukin (IL)-12 p40, IL-10, and interferon (IFN-gamma) in mouse peritoneal macrophages and spleen cell suspensions. Spermine, but not spermidine or putrescine, suppressed, in a concentration-dependent manner, the production of IL-12 p40 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. The effect of spermine was post-transcriptional, because steady-state levels of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNAs) for IL-12 (p35 and p40) were not affected. In contrast to its inhibitory effect on IL-12 p40, spermine (0.3-3 microM) augmented IL-10 production. The down-regulation of IL-12 p40 by spermine was independent of enhancement of IL-10 by this agent, for spermine retained its ability to suppress IL-12 production in peritoneal macrophages obtained from IL-10-deficient mice. The alterations in cytokine production by spermine did not involve an effect on early intracellular pathways of LPS signal transduction, including the p38 or p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases, or the c-jun terminal kinase. In spleen cell suspensions, spermine suppressed the release of IFN-gamma induced either by LPS or anti-CD3 antibody. In summary, spermine exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing IL-12 and IFN-gamma and by augmenting the production of IL-10.
Selectivity variations of electron beam patterned silicon dioxide films* (1994)

This work is a study of the effect of low-energy e-beam radiation on subsequent wet chemical etching of silicon dioxide (SiO2). The silicon dioxide etch selectivity is examined considering the parameters of electron beam patterning and etching techniques. Electron beam energy optimization considerations for dose minimization were considered following the e-beam exposure and etching of 100 and 50 nm SiO2 films of dry, steam, low-pressure chemical vapor deposition and remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition samples. The selectivity and etching characteristics of the respective oxides and thicknesses are presented and discussed.
Supplementary Table 2 from Mechanisms of Lymphoma Clearance Induced by High-Dose Alkylating Agents (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 2&lt;/p&gt;