gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Verification of Linear Oscillatory Actuator Using DC Motor (2016)

We propose a linear oscillatory actuator that converts rotational motion into linear motion using brushed DC motors. In this study, we verify the operating principle and characteristics of this actuator through FEM analysis and dynamic simulation. Additionally, we verify the validity of the analysis results through experiments on a prototype.
EL VALOR CULTURAL DEL PAISAJE DE LOS SITIOS REALES Y SU TRATAMIENTO EN LAS GUÍAS CULTURALES Y TURÍSTICAS (2008)

Se parte de la consideracion de los Sitios Reales de Aranjuez, El Escorial y La Granja como paisajes culturales, para abordar el tratamiento que estos han recibido en las guias culturales y turisticas desde su aparicion, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, hasta el momento actual. El proposito es llegar a evaluar en que medida el paisaje de estos tres Sitios ha llegado a ser considerado, en las guias analizadas, un valor cultural y un recurso turistico.
The H3K27 demethylase UTX‐1 regulates C. elegans lifespan in a germline‐independent, insulin‐dependent manner (2011)

Aging is accompanied by alterations in epigenetic marks that control chromatin states, including histone acetylation and methylation. Enzymes that reversibly affect histone marks associated with active chromatin have recently been found to regulate aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, relatively little is known about the importance for aging of histone marks associated with repressed chromatin. Here, we use a targeted RNAi screen in C. elegans to identify four histone demethylases that significantly regulate worm lifespan, UTX-1, RBR-2, LSD-1, and T26A5.5. Interestingly, UTX-1 belongs to a conserved family of histone demethylases specific for lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3), a mark associated with repressed chromatin. Both utx-1 knockdown and heterozygous mutation of utx-1 extend lifespan and increase the global levels of the H3K27me3 mark in worms. The H3K27me3 mark significantly drops in somatic cells during the normal aging process. UTX-1 regulates lifespan independently of the presence of the germline, but in a manner that depends on the insulin-FoxO signaling pathway. These findings identify the H3K27me3 histone demethylase UTX-1 as a novel regulator of worm lifespan in somatic cells.
Multicenter, Phase II Trial of Sunitinib in Previously Treated, Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2020)

Aberrant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling have been shown to play a role in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathogenesis and are associated with decreased survival. We evaluated the clinical activity and tolerability of sunitinib malate (SU11248), an oral, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of receptors for VEGF and PDGF, as well as related tyrosine kinases in patients with previously treated, advanced NSCLC.
Denervation‐induced alterations in gene expression in mouse skeletal muscle (2005)

Motoneurons are important for regulating the function and properties of skeletal muscle. In the present study high-density oligonucleotide arrays have been used to compare gene expression in innervated and six-days denervated NMRI mouse skeletal muscle. To avoid looking at genes mainly participating in the process of atrophy, both hind-limb muscles (atrophic after denervation) and hemidiaphragm muscle (transiently hypertrophic after denervation) were used. Only genes previously not known to respond to denervation and with potential roles in DNA/RNA interactions/transcription and/or cellular communication/signalling are presented. Data for additional genes are provided as supplementary material. Thirty-two genes, up-regulated by a factor of two or down-regulated to the same extent after denervation, are presented. These include genes that may act through chromatin remodelling and/or as transcription factors/regulators (Cdkn1a, Cdr2, Hrmt1l2, Idb2, Myc/c-myc, L-myc1, Rb1, Sap30 and Tgif), genes possibly involved in the regulation of muscle membrane properties and/or excitation-contraction coupling (Cacng1, Camk2d, Hrmt1l2, Kcnj12, Kcna7 and Rrad) and genes potentially involved in neuromuscular interactions and/or receptor signalling (Acvr2b, Adam19, D0H4S114, Kai1, Maged1, Mt2, Prkcabp, Ptp4a3, Ramp1, Rras, Timp1, Vegfa and Zfp145). A set of five genes with altered expression after denervation (Fzd9, Nr4a1, Frat2, Ctgf and Cyr61) indicate that Wnt signalling may be reduced in denervated skeletal muscle.
SpoT governs Legionella pneumophila differentiation in host macrophages (2008)

During its life cycle, Legionella pneumophila alternates between a replicative and a transmissive state. To determine their contributions to L. pneumophila differentiation, the two ppGpp synthetases, RelA and SpoT, were disrupted. Synthesis of ppGpp was required for transmission, as relA spoT mutants were killed during entry to and exit from macrophages. RelA, which senses amino acid starvation induced by serine hydroxamate, is dispensable in macrophages, as relA mutants spread efficiently. SpoT monitors fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB), since following cerulenin treatment, wild-type and relA strains expressed the flaA transmissive gene, but relA spoT mutants did not. As in Escherichia coli, the SpoT response to FAB perturbation likely required an interaction with acyl-carrier protein (ACP), as judged by the failure of the spoT-A413E allele to rescue transmissive trait expression of relA spoT bacteria. Furthermore, SpoT was essential for transmission between macrophages, since secondary infections by relA spoT mutants were restored by induction of spoT, but not relA. To resume replication, ppGpp must be degraded, as mutants lacking spoT hydrolase activity failed to convert from the transmissive to the replicative phase in either bacteriological medium or macrophages. Thus, L. pneumophila requires SpoT to monitor FAB and to alternate between replication and transmission in macrophages.
Post-ablation-tubal sterilization syndrome. (1993)

It appears that women who have had a tubal sterilization followed by endometrial ablation are at risk of developing an ectopic-like symptom complex. Salpingectomy appears to be effective in relieving symptoms. Whether this represents a new syndrome or just an unusual association between tubal sterilization and endometrial ablation remains to be seen.
Efficient Semi-Synthesis of Natural δ-(R)-Tocotrienols from a Renewable Vegetal Source (2019)

Recent studies have highlighted the biological potential of tocotrienols, a vitamin E subfamily. The major natural sources of tocotrienols are complex mixtures requiring particularly challenging purification processes. The present study describes efficient semi-synthetic strategies toward relevant δ-( R)-tocotrienol derivatives, using as a starting material δ-( R)-garcinoic acid, the major vitamin E derivative isolated from Garcinia kola nuts, a renewable vegetal source.
BI-XENON BRINGT LEISTUNG UND NEUE GESTALTUNGSMOEGLICHKEITEN FUER SCHEINWERFER (1997)

Bis vor fuenf Jahren waren Gluehlampen die einzigen Lichtquellen fuer Kraftfahrzeug-Scheinwerfer. Einer Leistungssteigerung der Lampen waren jedoch durch die physikalischen Zusammenhaenge der Lichterzeugung mit Gluehlampen Grenzen gesetzt. Als Vorleistung zur Verbesserung der aktiven Sicherheit wurde das seit vielen Jahrzehnten bekannte Prinzip der Gasentladungslampe fuer den Einsatz im Kraftfahrzeug weiterentwickelt. Gasentladungslicht oder Xenon-Licht verbraucht nur die Haelfte der Energie des Halogenlichtes und bietet mehr als das Doppelte des nutzbaren Lichtes. Seit der Einfuehrung vor mehr als sechs Jahren wurde das Xenon-Licht deutlich verbessert und zur breiteren Akzeptanz gebracht. Mit der Einfuehrung des Doppelfunktionssystems Bi-Xenon beginnen die Scheinwerfer jetzt das Potential fuer intelligente Frontbeleuchtung zu zeigen. Titel in Englisch: Bi-xenon gives performance and new design possibilities for headlamps.
Posterior root–muscle reflexes elicited by transcutaneous stimulation of the human lumbosacral cord (2006)

Continuous epidural stimulation of lumbar posterior root afferents can modify the activity of lumbar cord networks and motoneurons, resulting in suppression of spasticity or elicitation of locomotor-like movements in spinal cord-injured people. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate that posterior root afferents can also be depolarized by transcutaneous stimulation with moderate stimulus intensities. In healthy subjects, single stimuli applied through surface electrodes placed over the T11-T12 vertebrae with a mean intensity of 28.6 V elicited simultaneous, bilateral monosynaptic reflexes in quadriceps, hamstrings, tibialis anterior, and triceps surae by depolarization of lumbosacral posterior root fibers. The nature of these posterior root-muscle reflexes was demonstrated by the duration of the refractory period, and by modifying the responses with vibration and active and passive movements. Stimulation over the L4-L5 vertebrae selectively depolarized posterior root fibers or additionally activated anterior root fibers within the cauda equina depending on stimulus intensity. Transcutaneous posterior root stimulation with single pulses allows neurophysiological studies of state- and task-dependent modulations of monosynaptic reflexes at multiple segmental levels. Continuous transcutaneous posterior root stimulation represents a novel, non-invasive, neuromodulative approach for individuals with different neurological disorders.
Genetic diversity of Chlamydia trachomatis and the prevalence of trachoma (2004)

Genetic diversity of C. trachomatis is associated with the prevalence of infection in a community, consistent with the hypothesis that diversity may be necessary to attain a high prevalence in a community.
Exceptional thermoelectric power factors in hyperdoped, fully dehydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon thin films (2021)

Single-crystalline silicon is well known to be a poor thermoelectric material due to its high thermal conductivity. Most excellent research has focused on ways to decrease its thermal conductivity while retaining acceptably large power factors (PFs). Less effort has been spent to enhance the PF in poly- and nanocrystalline silicon, instead. Here, we show that in boron-hyperdoped nanocrystalline thin films, the PF may be increased up to 33 mW K−2 m−1 at 300 K when hydrogen embedded in the film during deposition is removed. The result makes nanocrystalline Si a realistic competitor of Bi2Te3 for low-temperature heat harvesting, also due to its greater geo-availability and lower cost.
Hot Carrier Degradation and Performance of 65nm RF n-MOSFET (2007)

Hot carrier stress (HCS) induces significant degradation on the performance of 65nm RF n-MOSFET with minimum poly length (Lpoly). Although the cutoff frequency (Ft) is very high (212 GHz) for these devices, the high HCS degradation poses a challenge for RF application. Additional effort will be needed to improve the process and/or device to take full advantage of the record n-MOSFET performance.
Bisphosphonate Derivatives of Nucleoside Antimetabolites: Hydrolytic Stability and Hydroxyapatite Adsorption of 5′-β,γ-Methylene and 5′-β,γ-(1-Hydroxyethylidene) Triphosphates of 5-Fluorouridine and ara-Cytidine (2008)

Kinetics of the hydrolytic reactions of four bisphosphonate derivatives of nucleoside antimetabolites, viz., 5-fluorouridine 5'-beta,gamma-(1-hydroxyethylidene) triphosphate ( 4), 5-fluorouridine 5'-beta,gamma-methylene triphosphate ( 5), ara-cytidine 5'-beta,gamma-(1-hydroxyethylidene) triphosphate ( 6), and ara-cytidine 5'-beta,gamma-methylene triphosphate ( 7), have been studied over a wide pH range (pH 1.0-8.5) at 90 degrees C. With each compound, the disappearance of the starting material was accompanied by formation of the corresponding nucleoside 5'-monophosphate, the reaction being up to 2 orders of magnitude faster with the beta,gamma-(1-hydroxyethylidene) derivatives ( 4, 6) than with their beta,gamma-methylene counterparts ( 5, 7). With compound 7, deamination of the cytosine base competed with the phosphate hydrolysis at pH 3-6. The measurements at 37 degrees C (pH 7.4) in the absence and presence of divalent alkaline earth metal ions (Mg (2+) and Ca (2+)) showed no sign of metal ion catalysis. Under these conditions, the initial product, nucleoside 5'-monophosphate, underwent rapid dephosphorylation to the corresponding nucleoside. Hydrolysis of the beta,gamma-methylene derivatives ( 5, 7) to the corresponding nucleoside 5'-monophosphates was markedly faster in mouse serum than in aqueous buffer (pH 7.4), the rate-acceleration being 5600- and 3150-fold with 5 and 7, respectively. In human serum, the accelerations were 800- and 450-fold compared to buffer. In striking contrast, the beta,gamma-(1-hydroxyethylidene) derivatives did not experience a similar decrease in hydrolytic stability. The stability in human serum was comparable to that in aqueous buffer (tau 1/2 = 17 and 33 h with 4 and 6, respectively), and on going to mouse serum, a 2- to 4-fold acceleration was observed. To elucidate the mineral-binding properties of 4- 7, their retention on a hydroxyapatite column was studied and compared to that of zoledronate ( 1a) and nucleoside mono-, di-, and triphosphates.
1821. Understanding the Components and Calculation of the SAAR, Illustrative Data (2018)

The standardized antimicrobial administration ratio (SAAR) compares each hospital’s observed to predicted days of antimicrobial therapy. However, confusion exists about how hospital-level, seasonal, and hospital-peer-based variations in antibiotic use might impact an institution’s SAAR. We characterized the impact of each of these three types of variation on predicted SAARs utilizing local NHSN data. Analysis of antibiotic consumption data from an academic medical center in Chicago, IL was conducted. SAAR and antimicrobial days per 1,000 days present (AD/1,000DP) were compiled in monthly increments from 2014 to 2016.Antimicrobial consumption was aggregated and classified into agent categories according to NHSN criteria. Month-to-month changes in both the SAAR and AD/1,000DP were evaluated. Azithromycin AD/1,000DP from 2012 through 2017 were explored for seasonal variation as defined as >20% increase in AD/1,000DP from each quarter to the overall mean AD/1,000DP for all months. A simulation was performed to explore the potential effect of seasonality on the SAAR. Demographic covariates within the SAAR model were altered while holding constant observed antibiotic use; thus we were able to observe the potential impact of demographics. Finally, a simulation explored the effect of altered consumption at other hospitals on a local institution’s SAAR. Across all antibiotic agent categories for both ICU (n = 4) and general wards (n = 4), the average matched-month percent change in AD/1,000DP was highly predicted and correlated with the corresponding change in SAAR (Figure 1, Pearson’s r = 0.99). The monthly mean ± SD AD/1,000DP was 235.0 (range 47.2–661.5), and the mean ± SD SAAR was 1.09 ± 0.26 (range 0.79–1.09) across the NHSN antibiotic agent categories. Five quarters were found to have seasonal variation in AD/1000DP for azithromycin (Figure 2). Simulations demonstrated that changing antimicrobial usage at comparator hospitals does not impact the local SAAR, and seasonal variation may cause fluctuating SAARs. Month-to-month changes in the SAAR mirror monthly changes in an institution’s AD/1,000DP. Seasonal variation can impact the SAAR, and the effect changing peer hospital antibiotic consumption is not currently captured by the SAAR methodology. J. Liu, Merck: Grant fund from Merck, Research grant. D. Martin, Syneos Health: Employee, Salary. GlaxoSmithKline: Independent Contractor, Salary. M. H. Scheetz, Merck & Co., Inc.: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient. Bayer: Consultant, Consulting fee.
Low-Complexity Signal Detection by Multi-Dimensional Search for Correlated MIMO Channels (2011)

This paper proposes a low-complexity signal detection algorithm for spatially correlated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. The proposed algorithm sets a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detection result to a starting point, and searches for signal candidates in multi-dimensions of the noise enhancement from which the MMSE detection suffers. The multi-dimensional search is needed because the number of dominant directions of the noise enhancement is likely to be more than one over the correlated MIMO channels. To reduce computational complexity of the multi-dimensional search, the proposed algorithm limits the number of signal candidates to O(N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) where N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> is the number of transmit antennas. Specifically, the signal candidates, which are unquantized, are obtained as the solution of a minimization problem under a constraint that a stream of the candidates should be equal to a constellation point. Finally, the detected signal is selected from hard decisions of both the MMSE detection result and unquantized signal candidates on the basis of the log likelihood function. For reducing the complexity of this process, the proposed algorithm decreases the number of calculations of the log likelihood functions for the quantized signal candidates. Computer simulations under a correlated MIMO channel condition demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides an excellent trade-off between BER performance and complexity, and that it is superior to conventional one-dimensional search algorithms in BER performance while requiring less complexity than that of the conventional algorithms.
Incorporation of 18O2 into thymidine 5'-aldehyde in neocarzinostatin chromophore-damaged DNA. (1984)

Strand scission of DNA by the chromophore of neocarzinostatin converts the 5'-hydroxyl of deoxyribose to a 5'-aldehyde. The origin of the aldehydic oxygen has now been elucidated by mass spectrometry. DNA-associated thymidine 5'-aldehyde produced by treatment of DNA with neocarzinostatin chromophore in 2H218O/16O2 or in 2H216O/18O2 was reduced, liberated by nuclease treatment, permethylated, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data clearly show that molecular oxygen is the only source of the 5'-aldehydic oxygen. The addition of molecular oxygen at C-5', possibly via a reactive form of neocarzinostatin chromophore, must be involved; a carbonium ion intermediate at C-5' is ruled out.
Caregiver Satisfaction With Support Services (2006)

The results support the importance of integrated care for frail seniors and informational services for their caregivers.
Art as Enterprise (2015)

<JATS1:p>Art is produced, circulated, consumed and disseminated within an economic system - it depends on money for its creation, for the livelihood of its makers, and for its distribution. In this sense, art can be understood as an enterprising activity. However, profit-making is rarely the primary goal of artists, and indeed the entanglement of art with enterprise generates significant aesthetic, conceptual, philosophical and ethical challenges for contemporary art practice. Social enterprise has emerged from this complex terrain with the promise of an alternative model of economic organisation in the arts. Grace McQuilten and Anthony White argue that artists can, and have, engaged critically in the commercial market, by way of this model. Art as Enterprise brings a fresh perspective to the debate about the roles of contemporary art in consumer capitalist society.</JATS1:p>
Nonlinear rudder-roll damping of non-minimum phase ships using sliding mode control (1997)

A non-minimum phase nonlinear ship model from rudder angle to roll angle is used to design a stable controller for simultaneous roll damping and course keeping. The controller is stable in presence of lst-order wave disturbances and modeling errors provided that the magnitude of the model errors and disturbances are known. Stability is proved using Lyapunov theory. The simulation results show excellent performance and robustness.
Fully integrated automotive radar sensor with versatile resolution (2001)

A planar radar sensor for automotive application is presented in this paper. The design comprises a fully integrated transceiver multichip module (MCM) and an electronically steerable microstrip patch array. The antenna feed network is based on a modified Rotman lens. An extended angular coverage, together with an adapted resolution, allows for the integration of automatic cruise control, precrash sensing, and cut-in detection within a single 77-GHz front-end. For ease of manufacturing, the interconnects between antenna and MCM rely on a mixed wire bond and flip-chip approach. The concept is validated by laboratory radar measurements.
Fine‐scale spatial distribution of orchid mycorrhizal fungi in the soil of host‐rich grasslands (2016)

Mycorrhizal fungi are essential for the survival of orchid seedlings under natural conditions. The distribution of these fungi in soil can constrain the establishment and resulting spatial arrangement of orchids at the local scale, but the actual extent of occurrence and spatial patterns of orchid mycorrhizal (OrM) fungi in soil remain largely unknown. We addressed the fine-scale spatial distribution of OrM fungi in two orchid-rich Mediterranean grasslands by means of high-throughput sequencing of fungal ITS2 amplicons, obtained from soil samples collected either directly beneath or at a distance from adult Anacamptis morio and Ophrys sphegodes plants. Like ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycobionts, OrM fungi (tulasnelloid, ceratobasidioid, sebacinoid and pezizoid fungi) exhibited significant horizontal spatial autocorrelation in soil. However, OrM fungal read numbers did not correlate with distance from adult orchid plants, and several of these fungi were extremely sporadic or undetected even in the soil samples containing the orchid roots. Orchid mycorrhizal 'rhizoctonias' are commonly regarded as unspecialized saprotrophs. The sporadic occurrence of mycobionts of grassland orchids in host-rich stands questions the view of these mycorrhizal fungi as capable of sustained growth in soil.
Magnetic resonance imaging in anorectal malformations (2001)

ABSTRACT: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a relatively new diagnostic tool in the management of Anorectal Malformation (ARM) and this investigative modalityin evaluation of patients with ARM is unique due to its exquisite soft tissue imaging ability in a ll three planes. It is noninvasive in nature. Both, pre and postoperative patients have been studied by imaging the pelvis and lumbosacral spine in the sagittal, transverse and coronal planes in the present study. MRI provided detailed information on the type of malformation, extent of the pelvic musculature and the skeletal status particularly of the lumbosacral spine in preoperative evaluation. This can be very helpful to study the relationship between the pulled through bowel and the muscle complex in patients with incontinence before one considers redo surgery. The cost factor may be a little prohibitive; however, the information obtained is worthwhile in selected patients with ARM. MRI performed on neonates at the time of first presentation may provide all the information necessary and other investigations like invertogram, intravenous pyelogram and lopogram etc. with their own major drawbacks can be avoided. This paper deals in depth regarding our experience with MRI in the management of ARM in 20 cases.
Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, a possible regulatory enzyme in transmitter glutamic acid metabolism--a preliminary report. (1985)

At 10 mM (unless stated), GABA (5 mM), glycine and hydroxyproline inhibited delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase by 84, 85 and 76%, respectively. Glutamate, glutamine, proline, cysteine and alanine inhibited delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase by 41-59%. Other amino acids studied were either ineffective or marginally effective. It is concluded that delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase may be a regulatory enzyme in the ornithine-glutamate pathway.