gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable Levels of Long-Term Transgene Expression Driven by the Latency-Associated Transcript Promoter in a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Vector (2005)

Previous gene transfer studies of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) using the latency-associated transcript (LAT) promoter have reported a decrease in transgene expression in the brain over time, but the extent of this decrease has not been measured and it is unknown if expression eventually stabilizes. We examined LAT promoter-mediated transgene expression in the mouse brain for 1 year following intracranial injection with a HSV-1 vector expressing human beta-glucuronidase (GUSB). The vector genome copy number remained stable from 2 to 52 weeks. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR detected a peak of LAT intron expression at 2 weeks (corresponding to the end of the acute phase of viral infection), followed by stable expression during latency (13-52 weeks). The number of GUSB-positive cells also had a peak in the acute phase and then was stable during latency (13-52 weeks). GUSB enzymatic activity was maintained at 11% of normal at 6 and 12 months, indicating that the LAT promoter is capable of driving stable transgene expression in the brain.
Antithrombotic treatment of retinal vein occlusion: a position statement from the Italian Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SISET). (2022)

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) represents a common cause of visual impairment and blindness. RVO may be associated with both local (e.g., hyperopia, glaucoma) and systemic (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and dyslipidaemia) risk factors. The association with thrombophilia remains controversial. Data on the use of antithrombotic therapy for RVO are poor and inconsistent with most of the information being derived from observational studies. Here we provide a position statement from the Italian Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SISET) to guide the clinical and therapeutic management of patients with RVO based on the available evidence and expert opinion.
Fur and hair: practical modeling and rendering techniques (2002)

Modeling fur and hair remains one of the hottest subjects in modern computer graphics. Although some promising techniques to model and render furry and hairy objects were developed in the recent past, and several commercial packages are available, the problem still remains very challenging. The article presents a fresh practical technique to model and render fur and hairs, that is applicable for actual animation production process. This is demonstrated using images and videos taken from real, commercially-created animations.
Generating user interfaces from data models and dialogue net specifications (1993)

A method and a set of supporting tools have been developed for an improved integration of user interface design with software engineering methods and tools. Animated user interfaces for database-oriented applications are generated from an extended data model and a new graphical technique for specifying dialogues. Based on views defined for the data model, an expert system uses explicit design rules derived from existing guidelines for producing the static layout of the user interface. A petri net based technique called dialogue nets is used for specifying the dynamic behaviour. Output is generated for an existing user interface management system. The approach supports rapid prototyping while using the advantages of standard software engineering methods.
Adaptive block-size transform coding for image compression (2002)

In this paper we report the results of an adaptive block-size transform coding scheme that is based on the sequential JPEG algorithm. This minimum information-overhead method implies a transform coding technique with two different block sizes: N/spl times/N and 2N/spl times/2N pixels. The input image is divided into blocks of 2N/spl times/2N pixels and each of these blocks is classified according to its image activity. Depending on this classification, either four N-point or a single 2N-point 2-D DCT is applied on the block. The purpose of the algorithm is to take advantage of large uniform regions that can be coded as a single large unit instead of four small units-as it is made by a fixed block-size scheme. For the same reconstruction quality, the results of the adaptive algorithm show a significant improvement of the compression ratio with respect to the non-adaptive scheme.
Short Synthesis of the Antidiabetic Octaketide Ethyl 2-(2,3,4-Trimethoxy-6-octanoylphenyl)acetate (2017)

A facile and practical approach for the synthesis of ethyl 2-(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-octanoylphenyl)acetate, an antidiabetic octaketide analogue of cytosporone B, is described. Unlike known approaches for the synthesis of cytosporones and their analogues, the key step of the developed route is a Friedel–Crafts alkylation of 1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)octan-1-one with ethyl chloro(methylthio)acetate, followed by desulfurization.
Nanaomycin E inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction (2022)

Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is a cytosolic innate immune receptor that senses organelle dysfunction induced by various stimuli, such as infectious, environmental, metabolic and drug stresses. Upon activation, NLRP3 forms an inflammasome with its adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase-1, to trigger the release of inflammatory cytokines. The development of effective anti-inflammatory drugs targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome is in high demand as its aberrant activation often causes inflammatory diseases. Here, we found that nanaomycin A (NNM-A), a quinone-based antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces, effectively inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory responses induced by imidazoquinolines, including imiquimod. Interestingly, its epoxy derivative nanaomycin E (NNM-E) showed a comparable inhibitory effect against the NLRP3 inflammasome-induced release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 from macrophages, with a much lower toxicity than NNM-A. NNM-E inhibited ASC oligomerization and caspase-1 cleavage, both of which are hallmarks of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NNM-E reduced mitochondrial damage and the production of reactive oxygen species, thereby preventing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. NNM-E treatment markedly alleviated psoriasis-like skin inflammation induced by imiquimod. Collectively, NNM-E inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction with little toxicity and showed an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. Thus, NNM-E could be a potential lead compound for developing effective and safe anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory diseases.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPTIMAL PROTOCOL FOR ANTIGEN RETRIEVAL: A ‘TEST BATTERY’ APPROACH EXEMPLIFIED WITH REFERENCE TO THE STAINING OF RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN (pRB) IN FORMALIN-FIXED PARAFFIN SECTIONS (1996)

The retinoblastoma (RB) gene, which encodes the nuclear RB protein (pRB), is believed to be involved in cell cycle control and cell differentiation. Studies have demonstrated that loss of RB function may play a role in tumour formation and progression of a variety of human tumours, such as bladder, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. The immunohistochemical detection of pRB expression in formalin-paraffin sections of human cancer has potential advantages of convenience, economy, and compatibility with routine surgical pathology practice. In practice, however, results using pRB antibodies on routinely processed, paraffin-embedded tissue have been inconsistent. In this study, the antigen retrieval (AR) method has been applied to the immunohistochemical detection of pRB in paraffin-embedded tissues and a 'test battery' approach has been developed to identify the principal variables that result in the optimal AR protocol. This approach includes the use of buffered solutions at pH 1, 6, and 10 with three different heating conditions (temperatures 120 degrees C, 100 degrees C, and 90 degrees C). In the example described here with antibody RB-WL-1, the low pH solution with the microwave heating at 100 degrees C proved most effective. Both fresh and routinely processed formalin-paraffin tissues of normal and bladder carcinoma were used for a comparison of the pRB immunostaining. The AR method was evaluated by comparing the immunohistochemical staining result on routinely processed formalin-paraffin sections with frozen sections of the same tumour. A consistent intensity of immunohistochemical staining for pRB was achieved using the identified optimal AR protocol on formalin-paraffin sections. All slides showed positive staining of pRB in normal mesenchymal and epithelial tissues. The pattern of pRB localization and intensity of staining was similar to that obtained in frozen sections, though the intensity obtained by AR treatment on paraffin sections was slightly to moderately stronger than that obtained in frozen sections. Once the protocol was identified, it was tested using routinely processed paraffin tissue sections of 245 cases of bladder carcinoma, with consistent pRB immunostaining results. The protocol described is simple to perform and gives reproducible results for evaluation of pRB expression by immunohistochemistry.
Stand-off detection with an active interrogation photon beam (2011)

Active interrogation measurements with a bremsstrahlung photon beam were taken using a hybrid coded imaging and spectroscopic identification system developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Measurements were taken using a bremsstrahlung photon beam produced by the Photonuclear Inspection and Threat Assessment System (PITAS) bremsstrahlung photon source at the Idaho Accelerator Center's (IAC) Pocatello Airport facility. The 3 to 7 MeV delayed gamma-ray signature for depleted uranium (DU) was observed and was not seen with a lead target. The delayed gamma-rays were localized to the position of the DU using the coded imager.
An efficient mobility management mechanism in hierarchy mobile IPv6 networks (2005)

In Mobile IPv6, when a mobile node (MN) is far away from home, it is inefficient that all traffic to the MN is tunneled by the remote home agent (HA) to the MN's current location. A scheme based on dynamic home agents in Hierarchy Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) environments is proposed to address the problem. Since the MN has no static home agent and home address, it is uniquely identified with a network access identifier (NAI). A mobility anchor point (MAP) becomes the MN's current HA when the MN powers up or enters a new domain. A regional CoA (RCoA) configured in the domain becomes the MN's home address through a secure DNS update. Since the HA is always close to the MN, the end-to-end delay can be decreased and transport efficiency can be improved. In addition, we propose a proactive authentication, authorization, accounting (AAA) context transfer scheme to reduce inter-domain handoff delay. The DIAMETER protocol is used to provide AAA functions.
Practical Measures of Learning Behaviors (2015)

This paper argues that improving learning reliably and at scale requires a specific orientation toward measurement, understood broadly. Drawing on examples from a partnership between SRI International and The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, this paper describes measures of student behaviors that are being used by researchers and instructors to improve learning environments at more than 50 community colleges and four-year universities for thousands of students.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS WITH BENZO(B)THIOPHENE‐2,3‐DIONES. I. SYNTHESIS OF 2,3‐DIHYDROXY‐2,3‐DIARYL(ARALKYL)BENZO(B)THIOPHENE DERIVATIVES (1976)

Abstract Die Grignardierung der Dioxobenzothiophene (I) mit den Aryl‐Mg‐halogeniden (II) ergibt die Diole (III), die beim Behandeln mit Eisessig in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen konz. H 2 SO 4 unter Pinakolin‐ Umlagerung in die Derivate (IV) übergehen.
Synthesis and photochemical study of substituted heterohelicenes and related compounds (2006)

Helicenes with aryl electron-withdrawing or/and electron-donating groups at one/both end/s are potential candidates for second order nonlinear optical applications. We have prepared such helicenes and related compounds. A single crystal X-ray structure showed the structure and architecture of 2,7-di-1-naphthylbenzo[1,2-b:4,3-b'] dithiophene to be racemic chiral helixes. Both terminal aryl rings contribute to the &#960;-&#960; stacking. Theoretically, there are two synthetic routes (A and B) for the synthesis of 2-(4-methoxylphenyl)trithia-[5]-heterohelicene and 2-(4-methoxylphenyl)-9-(4-cyanophenyl)trithia- [5]-heterohelicene. Although route A is more complicated, it is more efficient because substituents improve solubility. Introducing an electron-donating group increases the yields of all reactions in A.
Tous ensemble ? : Perspectives 2000-2001 de l'économie mondiale (2000)

Au début du printemps 2000, les perspectives de croissance sont très favorables dans la quasi-totalité des zones de l’économie mondiale. Après une croissance de 2,5 % en 1998 et de 3,2 % en 1999, la croissance mondiale pourrait être de 4,2 % en 2000 et de 3,9 % en 2001 (tableau 2). Cette vigueur résulte de la conjonction de la poursuite d’une forte expansion aux Etats-Unis, d’une nette reprise dans la zone euro, de la rapide sortie de récession au Royaume-Uni, du dynamisme retrouvé des nouveaux pays industrialisés d’Asie (NPIA) et des économies en transition, enfin du rebond en Russie et en Amérique latine. A l’échelle mondiale demeurent quelques exceptions, la plus notable étant celle du Japon où la relance publique n’a pas encore été relayée par un net dynamisme de la demande privée (...).
Practical and Phase Transfer–Catalyzed Synthesis of 6‐Methoxytryptamine (2006)

Abstract A convenient and cost‐effective synthesis of 6‐methoxytryptamine (1), starting from commercially available phthalimide and 1‐bromo‐3‐chloropropane via PTC N‐alkylation, PTC C‐alkylation, Japp–Klingemann reaction, hydrolysis, and decarboxylation, has been accomplished with a 44% overall yield. Keywords: Japp–Klingemann reaction6‐methoxytryptaminePTC alkylationreserpine
[Antitumor effect of the plant alkaloid preparation, cepharanthin]. (2001)

The antitumor effect of cepharanthin (CR), a biscoclaurine alkaloid, was examined as to its direct action on tumor cells and inhibitory action on angiogenesis in tumors. The effect of CR on in vitro invasion by murine RL-[symbol: see text] 1 leukemia cells and Colon 26 tumor cells was studied using a biocoat matrigel invasion chamber. One hundred micrograms/ml of CR inhibited tumor cell invasion. Early induction of apoptosis was assayed by the binding of annexin V and phosphatidylserine (PS) in the cellular membrane CR (10 and 100 micrograms/ml) induced apoptosis in human Daudi and Raji B lymphoblastoid cells. Treatment with CR (1 and 10 micrograms/ml) also inhibited the in vitro growth of Daudi and Raji cells. Ten micrograms/ml of CR also inhibited the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). These results indicate that CR has diversified antitumor functions, i.e., an enhancement of a sequential immune mechanism, a direct cytotoxic effect and inhibitory action of angiogenesis in tumors.
Overproduction of elongation factor 1α, an essential translational component, causes aberrant cell morphology by affecting the control of growth polarity in fission yeast (1999)

Fission yeast EF1alpha has the ability to alter the cell morphology of yeast by affecting the control of actin and microtubule cytoskeletons.
Photonic random access memory using serial-to-parallel and parallel-to-serial conversion (2004)

A novel photonic random access memory uses all-optical serial-to-parallel and electrical parallel-to-optical serial conversion, together with an optical clock-pulse generator and a silicon-based memory, and is demonstrated for 40-Gbit/s 16-bit burst optical packets.
Application of multiple linear regression and machine learning algorithms to elucidate the association of poor glycemic control and hyperhomocysteinemia with microalbuminuria (2019)

Microalbuminuria is an early biomarker of general vascular dysfunction and a predictor of risk for cardiovascular and renal diseases. It is also considered as a marker of insulin resistance in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The rationale of this study was to elucidate threshold values of fasting blood glucose (FBS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) that are associated with microalbuminuria. In the parallel association of microalbuminuria with hyperhomocysteinemia was investigated. Machine learning algorithm and multiple linear regression were applied to study the association of poor glycemic control on microalbuminuria and hyperhomocysteinemia. In non-diabetic subjects with FBS 172 mg/dL and HbA1c >9.0%) was associated with microalbumin >40µg/mg creatinine. Age, gender, HbA1c and FBS were shown to explain variability in urinary microalbumin to the extent of 54.4% as shown by multiple linear regression model. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed higher levels of FBS (F: 39.77, P <0.0001), HbA1c (F: 64.31, P <0.0001) and total plasma homocysteine (F: 3.69, P =0.04) in microalbuminuria and clinical microalbuminuria groups when compared to subjects with normal microalbumin levels. Diabetic patients with poor glycemic index had a more B12 deficiency. Poor glycemic index and hyperhomocysteinemia were associated with clinical microalbuminuria.
<title>Algorithm for dynamic disparity adjustment</title> (1995)

This paper presents an algorithm for enhancing stereo depth cues for moving computer generated 3D images. The algorithm incorporates the results from an experiment in which observers were allowed to set their preferred eye separation with a set of moving screens. The data derived from this experiment were used to design an algorithm for the dynamic adjustment of eye separation (or disparity) depending on the scene characteristics. The algorithm has the following steps: (1)Determine the near and far points in the computer graphics scene to be displayed. This is done by sampling the Z buffer. (2) Scale the scene about a point corresponding to the midpoint between the observer's two eyes. This scaling factor is calculated so that the nearest part of the scene comes to be located just behind the monitor. (3) Adjust an eye separation parameter to create stereo depth according to the empirical function derived from the initial study. This has the effect of doubling the stereo depth in flat scene but limiting the stereo depth for deep scenes. Steps 2 and 3 both have the effect of reducing the discrepancy between focus and vergence for most scenes. The algorithm is applied dynamically in real time with a damping factor applied so the disparities never change too abruptly.
Phosphodiesterase 3A expression is modulated by nitric oxide in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. (2010)

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) limit vasodilation in response to a variety of signaling cascades by metabolizing the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that NO regulates expression of PDE3A, a cGMP-inhibited PDE. Incubation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (rPaSMCs) with the NO-donor compound S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO) increased PDE3A gene expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. NO-donors increased PDE3A protein levels. Total and milrinone inhibitable cAMP PDE activity were increased 2.8 ± 0.1- and 2.0 ± 0.1-fold respectively in extracts of rPaSMCs exposed to GSNO. The effects of GSNO on PDE3A gene expression were mimicked by the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activators YC-1 and BAY 41-2272 and blocked by the sGC inhibitor ODQ. Incubation of rPaSMC with interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α induced PDE3A gene expression, an effect which was inhibited by L-NIL, an antagonist of NO synthase 2, or ODQ. Actinomycin D, an inhibitor of RNA polymerase, blocked the GSNO-induced increase of PDE3A mRNA levels, whereas cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein translation, did not. These observations suggest that NO modulates PDE3A gene expression via mechanisms dependent upon cGMP synthesis and gene transcription. Prolonged exposure to NO may alter the sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to cGMP- or cAMP-dependent vasodilators, as well as PDE isoform-selective inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies Towards Phorbols: A Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the Phorbol Skeleton in the Naturally Occurring Form. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Two-dimensional magnetic interactions in LaFeAsO (2013)

Inelastic neutron scattering measurements demonstrate that the magnetic interactions in antiferromagnetic LaFeAsO are two dimensional. Spin-wave velocities within the Fe layer and the magnitude of the spin gap are similar to the $A$Fe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ based materials. However, the ratio of interlayer and intralayer exchange is found to be less than $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ in LaFeAsO, very similar to the cuprates, and $\ensuremath{\sim}$100 times smaller than that found in $A$Fe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ compounds. The results suggest that the effective dimensionality of the magnetic system is highly variable in the parent compounds of the iron arsenides and weak three-dimensional interactions may limit the maximum attainable superconducting ${T}_{c}$.
Spasmolytic activity of Thymus membranaceus essential oil (1987)

Abstract The spasmolytic activity of Thymus membranaceus essential oil in the duodenum isolated from rat has been investigated. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil was studied. The essential oil affects the duodenum in two ways, showing a spasmogenic action (due to 1,8‐cineole) and, on the other hand, an antagonistic non‐competitive effect against the contractions by acetylcholine (due to the phenols and hydrocarbons).
Modifications of the SEPHIS computer code for calculating the Purex solvent extraction system (1975)

The SEPHIS computer program was developed to simulate the countercurrent solvent extraction. This report gives modifications in the program which result in improved fit to experimental data, a decrease in computer storage requirements, and a decrease in execution time. Methods for applying the computer program to practical solvent extraction problems are explained. (auth)
Capacity Design and Fatigue Analysis of Confined Concrete Columns (1998)

The capacity design philosphy requires the identification of all potential failure mechanisms. A preferred failure mechanism in chosen and efforts are made, through design detailing, to suppress all other undesirable failure modes. The undesirable failure modes that must be suppressed by design are three: concrete failure due to lake of confinement; buckling of the longitudinal reinforcement; and shear failures both within and outside the plastic hinge zone. The principal subject of this report is an in-depth examination of these three primary failure modes and establishing a theoretical basis for suppressing their occurrence