gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Results of Seton Drainage and Infliximab Infusion for Complex Anal Crohn's Disease (2011)

Seton drainage and infliximab therapy is effective in the patients with fistulizing perianal Crohn's disease. Maintenance infliximab therapy might be effective in patients with perianal Crohn's disease.
Effect of Small Molecules Modulating Androgen Receptor (SARMs) in Human Prostate Cancer Models (2013)

The management of hormone-refractory prostate cancer represents a major challenge in the therapy of this tumor, and identification of novel androgen receptor antagonists is needed to render treatment more effective. We analyzed the activity of two novel androgen receptor antagonists, (S)-11 and (R)-9, in in vitro and in vivo experimental models of hormone-sensitive or castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In vitro experiments were performed on LNCaP, LNCaP-AR, LNCaP-Rbic and VCaP human prostate cancer cells. Cytotoxic activity was assessed by SRB and BrdU uptake, AR transactivation by luciferase reporter assay and PSA levels by Real Time RT-PCR and ELISA assays. Cell cycle progression-related markers were evaluated by western blot. In vivo experiments were performed on SCID mice xenografted with cells with different sensitivity to hormonal treatment. In hormone-sensitive LNCaP and LNCaP-AR cells, the latter expressing high androgen receptor levels, (R)-9 and (S)-11 exhibited a higher cytotoxic effect compared to that of the reference compound ((R)-bicalutamide), also in the presence of the synthetic androgen R1881. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect produced by (R)-9 was higher than that of (S)-11 in the two hormone-resistant LNCaP-AR and VCaP cells. A significant reduction in PSA levels was observed after exposure to both molecules. Moreover, (S)-11 and (R)-9 inhibited DNA synthesis by blocking the androgen-induced increase in cyclin D1 protein levels. In vivo studies on the toxicological profile of (R)-9 did not reveal the presence of adverse events. Furthermore, (R)-9 inhibited tumor growth in various in vivo models, especially LNCaP-Rbic xenografts, representative of recurrent disease. Our in vitro results highlight the antitumor activity of the two novel molecules (R)-9 and (S)-11, making them a potentially attractive option for the treatment of CRPC.
Biological Models to Assess Drug Bioavailability (2001)

In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry has become interested in assessing the ‘developability’ of compounds by determining their pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, metabolic, and toxicological characteristics early in the drug-discovery process, i.e., at the stages of lead selection and lead optimization.
Bleaching correction for DNA-measurements in highly diluted solutions using confocal microscopy (2020)

Abstract Precise and reliable determination of the nucleic acid concentration in biological samples still remains a challenge. This is particularly since the established fluorescene-based methods provide insufficient results, when only minute sample quantitites are available for analysis. Among other effects, photobleaching is the main reason for this. Since large molecules diffuse more slowly than small molecules, they are exposed to more excitation cycles and therefore have a higher probability of permanently losing their fluorescence. Solutions with large molecules hence show a reduced fluorescence. In this paper we present a method to correct this effect and thus allow high-precision sample concentration determination in minute sample quantities (&lt; 2 µl drops with concentrations &lt; 20 pg/µl). For this purpose, we used confocal microscopy with single molecule sensitivity. In the first step, we derived calibration curves from DNA solutions with defined fragment length. We analyzed dilution series over a wide concentration range (1 pg/µl – 1000 pg/µl) and measured their specific diffusion coefficients by employing fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Using this information, we correct the measured fluorescence intensity of the calibration solutions for photobleaching effects. Subsequently, we evaluated our method by analyzing a series of DNA mixtures of varying composition.
Magnetic Field Analysis for HF Transformers with Coaxial Winding Arrangements (2020)

Magnetic analysis for high frequency (HF) transformers is an important step in designing the magnetic parts of the isolated DC-DC converters. A robust and effective magnetic design help to reduce the parasitic values such as leakage inductance and consequently increase the efficiency and improve the performance of the converters. In this paper, two different HF transformers with different winding arrangements are designed and analyzed. Coaxial windings are used for the transformers in order for obtaining a better magnetic coupling and lower leakage inductance. The results are compared to the regular windings and this comparison showed the effectiveness of the coaxial windings. The design procedure and results are conducted for a power rating of 2kW and a voltage level of 400V/400V at the frequency of 5 kHz. The design method and the analysis procedure used in this paper can later be used for designing optimal isolated DC-DC converters or integrating parasitic parameters in resonant tank circuits for achieving zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS). Especially for converters including silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) switches. For analyzing the results and magnetic fields, finite element method (FEM) is used as a numerical strategy.
Bronchoalveolar lavage. (1994)

Bronchoalveolar lavage has a well established role in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections, particularly those due to opportunistic organisms in an immunocompromised host. Recent studies of infants and adults with inflammatory lung disease have helped our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these disorders and their responses to treatment. With increasing recognition that pulmonary events in utero and in early infancy are important in the pathogenesis of lung diseases such as asthma, studies of the lung's responses to various environmental insults in this population might guide us to developing effective preventative and therapeutic strategies. Bronchoalveolar lavage is one method for assessing a number of pulmonary components and may be useful in this regard, particularly if combined with new methods for examining inflammatory responses, such as those utilising the polymerase chain reaction to assess cellular expression for inflammatory cytokines and growth factors.
Speed measurement by cross-correlation - theoretical and practical aspects (2005)

Based on the cross-correlation of two signals, the speed measurement method presented in the paper is to be used on materials whose structure is stable (railway, papersheet...) or not (turbulent flows). There is not only a time delay between the signals, but more generally a filtering effect which may be regarded as linear. In these conditions the theoretical characteristics (bias, variance) of the estimation are given. They are compared with simulation results. The influence of the computation rapidity of the electronical circuit on the quality of the estimation is studied.
Design and operation of an outdoor microalgae test facility (1989)

The objective of the project covered in this report is to establish and operate a facility in the American Southwest to test the concept of producing microalgae on a large scale. This microalgae would then be used as a feedstock for producing liquid fuels. The site chosen for this project was an existing water research station in Roswell, New Mexico; the climate and water resources are representative of those in the Southwest. For this project, researchers tested specific designs, modes of operation, and strains of microalgae; proposed and evaluated modifications to technological concepts; and assessed the progress toward meeting cost objectives.
In vitro antileishmanial activity of aza-scorpiand macrocycles. Inhibition of the antioxidant enzyme iron superoxide dismutase (2016)

Aza-scorpiand-like macrocycles candidates for the development of affordable anti-leishmanicidal agents.
Engineering and In Vitro Evaluation of Acid Labile Cholesterol Tethered MG132 Nanoparticle for Targeting Ubiquitin‐Proteasome System in Cancer (2016)

Abstract In recent years, proteasome has evolved as one of the important alternative targets in cancer chemotherapy. However, selective targeting of proteasome system in cancer cells still remains a major challenge. To address this, a potent peptide based proteasome inhibitor MG132 was chemically conjugated with biocompatible‐biodegradable cholesterol by acid cleavable hydrazone linkage. Spherical nanoparticles (MG132‐NPs) were engineered from cholesterol‐MG132 conjugate. Increased amount of free MG132 was released from these nanoparticles in acidic environment compared to physiological milieu in a slow and controlled manner. These MG132‐NPs were taken up by breast cancer MCF7 cells into lysosomes within 6 h. Proteasome system was inhibited by these MG132‐NPs leading to stabilization of β‐catenin, cyclin A and cyclin B in HEK‐293T cells. Interestingly, MG132‐NPs induced much improved cell death in drug resistant MDA‐MB‐231 cells with insignificant toxicity in healthy cells (HEK293 and L929) even in higher concentration.
Solitary waves in coronal holes-predicted signatures close to the sun (1997)

Coronal holes are well known sources of the high speed solar wind, however, the exact acceleration mechanism of the wind is still unknown. We find that solitary waves may be generated in coronal holes nonlinearly by Alfvén waves. The solitary waves may efficiently accelerate the fast solar wind in addition to thermal conduction. We solve numerically the time-dependent, nonlinear, resistive 2.5-D MHD equations in spherical geometry with azimuthal symmetry to model solar wind acceleration by waves in coronal holes. Torsional Alfvén waves are driven at the base of the model coronal hole and propagate into the corona. Ohmic heating layers are found to occur at the coronal hole boundaries due to phase-mixing of the torsional Alfvén waves. The nonlinear coupling of the perpendicular (to the background magnetic field) components of the velocity and the magnetic field to the radial component of the momentum equation leads to the acceleration of the solar wind in the radial direction and to the generation of solitary waves. The solitary wave phase velocity was found to be above the sound speed in the coronal hole, with the driving Alfvén wave amplitude vd≈25 km s−1, and plasma β=2.5%. We discuss the implication of our results to the proposed in-situ observations in the region r<10Rs with the future solar probe mission.
Impact of inherent energy barrier on spin-orbit torques in magnetic-metal/semimetal heterojunctions (2019)

Spintronic devices are based on heterojunctions of two materials with different magnetic and electronic properties. Although an energy barrier is naturally formed even at the interface of metallic heterojunctions, its impact on spin transport has been overlooked. Here, using diffusive spin Hall currents, we provide evidence that the inherent energy barrier governs the spin transport even in metallic systems. We find a sizable field-like torque, much larger than the damping-like counterpart, in Ni$_{81}$Fe$_{19}$/Bi$_{0.1}$Sb$_{0.9}$ bilayers. This is a distinct signature of barrier-mediated spin-orbit torques, which is consistent with our theory that predicts a strong modification of the spin mixing conductance induced by the energy barrier. Our results suggest that the spin mixing conductance and the corresponding spin-orbit torques are strongly altered by minimizing the work function difference in the heterostructure. These findings provide a new mechanism to control spin transport and spin torque phenomena by interfacial engineering of metallic heterostructures.
New Methodology of Heterocyclization: the Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Selenium Di- and Tetrahalides and Tellurium Tetrachloride to Diethynyl Silanes and Germanes (2010)

The syntheses and structures of new classes of unsaturated five-membered heterocycles containing selenium or tellurium and silicon or germanium in the rings prepared on the basis of new heterocyclization reactions of selenium dihalides and tetrahalides or tellu- rium tetrachloride with the bridged diacetylenes are described. The mechanism of the heterocyclization is discussed.
Diagnostic Testing Team-Based Learning (2015)

Abstract Introduction This module uses team-based learning (TBL) to help medical students understand and apply basic concepts of diagnostic testing such as sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. The module was designed to occupy a single 2-hour session early in an undergraduate medical curriculum. Development of this activity was motivated by our experiences with learners at a variety of levels who continued to struggle with application and interpretation of test characteristics in clinical settings despite being proficient with the basic calculations. TBL was chosen as a format because of its focus on applications and the growing evidence base for its effectiveness in medical education. Methods The session was implemented early in the first course of our medical curriculum, with students who had been introduced previously to basic principles of statistics as well as calculations of test characteristics. Teams of five to seven members were maintained throughout the year. Individual sessions included preparatory material (reading and learning objectives) with which students became familiar in advance, individual and group readiness tests taken at the beginning of the session, and a brief review of any challenging concepts from these tests. After a short break, students spent the bulk of the session working in teams on more complex applications, with each application question followed by simultaneous reporting of answers and faculty-facilitated whole-class discussion. Results This session was implemented for the first time in 2014 and was well received by first-year medical students. Both the overall session and the specific applications were rated as useful or very useful by 76% and 87% of students, respectively. Faculty facilitators were pleased with the levels of engagement and understanding apparent during the session, and students scored a mean of 85.6% on related exam questions. Discussion We made minor revisions to clarify the wording of several questions and plan to implement the session as described here in the coming year, with timing adjusted in response to student feedback to quicken the pace of applications.
Polyoxomolybdate-o-benzoquinone interactions. Synthesis and structure of a diacetal derivative, [Mo4O15(OH)(C14H8)]3-, from 9,10-phenanthrenequinone carbonyl insertion. Comparison to the reaction products with tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone, the ligand-bridged binuclear complexes [(MoO2Cl2)2L]2-, L = (C6Cl2O4)2- and (C2O4)2-, formed via carbonyl insertion and chloride transfer (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyoxomolybdate-o-benzoquinone interactions. Synthesis and structure of a diacetal derivative, [Mo4O15(OH)(C14H8)]3-, from 9,10-phenanthrenequinone carbonyl insertion. Comparison to the reaction products with tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone, the ligand-bridged binuclear complexes [(MoO2Cl2)2L]2-, L = (C6Cl2O4)2- and (C2O4)2-, formed via carbonyl insertion and chloride transferShuncheng Liu, Shahid N. Shaikh, and Jon ZubietaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 18, 3064–3066Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00291a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (428 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
[Preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy]. (1992)

We present a prospective unrandomized series of 40 patients with symptomatic choledocholithiasis and symptomatic cholelithiasis. The patients were divided in two groups of 20 patients each one. The patients fallen in the first group had endoscopic sphincterotomy and elective cholecystectomy on a later date in the same hospital course as the recommended treatment. The second group underwent elective cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration. There was no difference in the percentage of morbidity and mortality between the groups. In the first group the figures on morbidity and mortality were not different from that seen when each process was performed alone. Endoscopic Sphincterotomy plus elective cholecystectomy is a therapeutic alternative in choledocholithiasis when there is gallbladder with stones.
Ruthenium Hydride Catalyzed Regioselective Addition of Aldehydes to Enones To Give 1,3‐Diketones (2007)

It all adds up: Straightforward access to 2-alkyl-substituted 1,3-diketones is provided by a regioselective addition of aldehydes to enones catalyzed by the ruthenium hydride catalyst [RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3] (see scheme). The reaction involves a hydrometalation of the enone to form a metal enolate, a cross-aldol reaction to form an alkoxymetal species, and a subsequent β-metal hydride elimination. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z701005_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Sutural cataract associated with a mutation in the ferritin light chain gene (FTL) in a family of Indian origin. (2006)

The present study is the first report of a Y-sutural congenital cataract mapping to 19q13.3. The mutation observed in FTL in this family highlights the phenotypic heterogeneity of the disorder in relation to the genotype as the identical mutation (32 G>A) has previously been reported in two Italian families with entirely different phenotypes. It is also the first report of hereditary hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome in a family of Indian origin.
Holistic Datacenter Design in the Open Compute Project (2012)

Facebook's Open Compute Project lets the community benefit from and contribute to improvements in power and water usage effectiveness, cost, and operation.
Stability of fat globules in UHT milk during proteolysis by the AprX protease from Pseudomonas fluorescens and by plasmin (2019)

Fat separation is a limiting factor for the shelf life of UHT milk. It may be promoted by the proteolysis of fat surface-adsorbed proteins (FSAP) by proteases that remain active after UHT treatment. The aim of this research was to explore the relationship between the proteolysis of FSAP and fat destabilization. In this study, we developed a full-fat UHT milk-based model system and added either the major bacterial protease AprX from Pseudomonas fluorescens or the major native milk protease plasmin at high levels to induce fast destabilization of the milk fat globules. We monitored changes in physical properties and FSAP composition, and structural changes in fat globules, over 24 h. Our results showed that AprX-induced sedimentation as a result of the flocculation of fat globules, and plasmin induced cream to float as a result of the coalescence of fat globules. This study confirmed that AprX and plasmin can both lead to fat destabilization in full-fat UHT milk, and it provides insights in the underlying mechanisms.
Repertoire of novel sequence signatures for the detection of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus by quantitative real-time PCR (2014)

We have designed qRT-PCR primers based on Las specific genes. Among them, 18 are suitable for the detection of Las from Las-infected plant and psyllid samples. The repertoire of primers that we have developed and characterized in this study enhanced the qRT-PCR based molecular diagnosis of HLB.
Nanometer-sized Ge particles in GeO2–SiO2 glasses produced by proton implantation: Combined effects of electronic excitation and chemical reaction (1997)

It was reported [H. Hosono et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1632 (1994)] that nanometer-sized crystalline (nc) Ge colloid particles were formed by implantation of protons into 0.1 GeO2–0.9 SiO2 glasses at room temperature. The depth profiles of Ge colloids and the density of Si–OH or Ge–OH created by the implantation were measured and compared with those of energy deposition in order to examine the formation mechanism of Ge colloids by proton implantation. The depth region of nc-Ge particles was found to correspond to the overlapped region between the OH distribution and the peak of electronic energy deposition. Transmission electron microscopic observation revealed that the size of Ge colloid particles created by proton implantation was close to that of GeO2-rich particles occurring in the substrate glasses. These results indicate that GeO2-rich particles are converted into Ge particles by a combined effect of the electronic excitation and the chemical reaction of implanted protons. A mechanism was proposed consisting of displacement of bridging oxygen into interstitials by electronic excitation and subsequent trapping of the oxygen interstitials by a formation of OH groups.
Isolation of embryonic stem‐like cells from equine blastocysts and their differentiation in vitro1 (2002)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells with the potential capacity to generate any type of cell. We describe here the isolation of pluripotent ES-like cells from equine blastocysts that have been frozen and thawed. Our two lines of ES-like cells (E-1 and E-2) appear to maintain a normal diploid karyotype indefinitely in culture in vitro and to express markers that are characteristic of ES cells from mice, namely, alkaline phosphatase, stage-specific embryonic antigen-1, STAT-3 and Oct 4. After culture of equine ES-like cells in vitro for more than 17 passages, some ES-like cells differentiated to neural precursor cells in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor. We also developed a protocol that resulted in the differentiation of ES-like cells in vitro to hematopoietic and endothelial cell lineages in response to bFGF, stem cell factor and oncostatin M. Our observations set the stage for future developments that may allow the use of equine ES-like cells for the treatment of neurological and hematopoietic disorders.