gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antagonism of miR-33 in mice promotes reverse cholesterol transport and regression of atherosclerosis (2011)

Plasma HDL levels have a protective role in atherosclerosis, yet clinical therapies to raise HDL levels have remained elusive. Recent advances in the understanding of lipid metabolism have revealed that miR-33, an intronic microRNA located within the SREBF2 gene, suppresses expression of the cholesterol transporter ABC transporter A1 (ABCA1) and lowers HDL levels. Conversely, mechanisms that inhibit miR-33 increase ABCA1 and circulating HDL levels, suggesting that antagonism of miR-33 may be atheroprotective. As the regression of atherosclerosis is clinically desirable, we assessed the impact of miR-33 inhibition in mice deficient for the LDL receptor (Ldlr-/- mice), with established atherosclerotic plaques. Mice treated with anti-miR33 for 4 weeks showed an increase in circulating HDL levels and enhanced reverse cholesterol transport to the plasma, liver, and feces. Consistent with this, anti-miR33-treated mice showed reductions in plaque size and lipid content, increased markers of plaque stability, and decreased inflammatory gene expression. Notably, in addition to raising ABCA1 levels in the liver, anti-miR33 oligonucleotides directly targeted the plaque macrophages, in which they enhanced ABCA1 expression and cholesterol removal. These studies establish that raising HDL levels by anti-miR33 oligonucleotide treatment promotes reverse cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis regression and suggest that it may be a promising strategy to treat atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Default Estimation, Correlated Defaults, and Expert Information (2008)

Capital allocation decisions are made on the basis of an assessment of creditworthiness. Default is a rare event for most segments of a bank's portfolio and data information can be minimal. Inference about default rates is essential for efficient capital allocation, for risk management and for compliance with the requirements of the Basel II rules on capital standards for banks. Expert information is crucial in inference about defaults. A Bayesian approach is proposed and illustrated using prior distributions assessed from industry experts. A maximum entropy approach is used to represent expert information. The binomial model, most common in applications, is extended to allow correlated defaults yet remain consistent with Basel II. The application shows that probabilistic information can be elicited from experts and econometric methods can be useful even when data information is sparse.
Cell Autonomous and Nonautonomous Mechanisms Drive Hematopoietic Stem/progenitor Cell Loss in the Absence of DNA Repair (2012)

Daily, cells incur tens of thousands of DNA lesions caused by endogenous processes. Due to their long-lived nature, adult stem cells may be particularly susceptible to the negative impact of this constant genotoxic stress. Indeed, in murine models of DNA repair deficiencies, there is accumulation of DNA damage in hematopoietic stem cells and premature loss of function. Herein, we demonstrate that mice expressing reduced levels of ERCC1-XPF DNA repair endonuclease (Ercc1-/Δ mice) spontaneously display a progressive decline in the number and function of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). This was accompanied by increased cell death, expression of senescence markers, reactive oxygen species, and DNA damage in HSPC populations, illustrating cell autonomous mechanisms that contribute to loss of function. In addition, the bone marrow microenvironment of Ercc1-/Δ mice was not permissive for the engraftment of transplanted normal stem cells. Bones from Ercc1-/Δ mice displayed excessive osteoclastic activity, which alters the microenvironment in a way that is unfavorable to HSPC maintenance. This was accompanied by increased proinflammatory cytokines in the bone marrow of Ercc1-/Δ mice. These data provide novel evidence that spontaneous, endogenous DNA damage, if not repaired, promotes progressive attrition of adult stem cells via both cell autonomous and nonautonomous mechanisms.
Dendritic cells up-regulate immunoproteasomes and the proteasome regulator PA28 during maturation (1999)

Dendritic cells (DC) are highly specialized professional antigen presenting cells which are pivotal for the initiation and control of the cytotoxic T cell response. Upon stimulation by cytokines, bacteria, or CD40L DC undergo a maturation process from an antigen-receptive state to a state of optimal stimulation of T cells. We investigated the composition of proteasomes of DC derived from human peripheral blood monocytes before and after stimulation by CD40L, LPS, or proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α + IL-6 + IL-1β). Immunoprecipitation of proteasomes and analysis on two-dimensional gels revealed that during maturation the inducible proteasome subunits LMP2, LMP7, and MECL-1 are up-regulated and that the neosynthesis of proteasomes is switched exclusively to the production of immunoproteasomes containing these subunits. The proteasome regulator PA28 is markedly up-regulated in mature DC and in addition a so – far unidentified 21-kDa protein co-precipitates with the proteasome in LPS – stimulated DC. These changes in proteasome composition may be functionally linked to special properties of DC like MHC class I up-regulation or cross-priming. Our findings imply that the spectrum of class I-bound peptides may change after DC maturation which could be relevant for the design of DC – based vaccines.
Interwell Connectivity Evaluation in Cases of Frequent Production Interruptions (2013)

Abstract Evaluating interwell connectivities can provide important information for reservoir management by identifying flow conduits, barriers, and injection imbalances. Injection and production rates, in ideal conditions, contain connectivity information. A number of methods have been proposed to predict connectivity based on these data. Unfortunately, many of these rate based methods have not proven to be as successful as intended because of factors external to the reservoir. Field maintenance procedures, such as shut-ins and work-overs, cause production rate changes which are not caused by injection rate fluctuations but which mislead connectivity estimators. We have developed a method which is tolerant to changes caused by external factors. This method, called the Multiwell Compensated Capacitance Model (MCCM), is based on the superposition principle. It can analyze injection and production data when producers' skin factors change, new producers are added, or active producers are shut-in. The MCCM also deals with another common problem in field data, which is when there are frequent producer shut-ins within sampling intervals (mini-shut-ins). For example, a producer is shut-in for a few days when flow rates are measured every month. By deriving the MCCM equations using average rates, we have developed an efficient approach to overcome this problem. In several synthetic cases with varying skin, long term shut-in, and frequent mini-shut-ins, the MCCM successfully determined the true connectivity parameters and predicted the production rates accurately. For a set of field data from a heavy oil waterflood in Saskatchewan, we could improve the R2 of the predicted rates by 20 to 35% compared to another method and observed good agreement with geological information. In general, we may not find a long enough time interval of injection and production data where the producers' conditions stay constant. Applying earlier methods in such cases may give misleading connectivity results and inaccurate rate predictions. Adopting the approaches described in this paper helps geoscientists and engineers to have a better understanding of reservoir heterogeneity and its effects on fluid flow in the reservoir.
Vaginal Progesterone for Preventing Preterm Birth and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Singleton Gestations With a Short Cervix: A Meta-Analysis of Patient Data (2018)

( Am J Obstet Gynecol . 2018;218(2):161–180) Approximately 15 million babies worldwide are born preterm every year. A short cervical length has high predictive accuracy for spontaneous preterm birth before 34 weeks’ gestation, and a lower predictive accuracy for spontaneous preterm birth before 37 weeks. A 2012 study found vaginal progesterone was associated with a reduction in risk of preterm birth between &lt;28 weeks gestation and &lt;35 weeks gestation, as well as a reduction in adverse neonatal outcomes, in pregnant women with a short cervix (≤25 mm). In 2016 a randomized controlled trial (RCT) published conflicting results and showed vaginal progesterone did not reduce the risk of preterm birth or perinatal morbidity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether vaginal progesterone reduced the incidence of preterm birth in women with a singleton gestation and short cervix.
TSH Elevations as the First Laboratory Evidence for Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type Ib (PHP-Ib) (2014)

Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia because of resistance toward parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the proximal renal tubules are the most prominent abnormalities in patients affected by pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP-Ib). In this rare disorder, which is caused by GNAS methylation changes, resistance can occur toward other hormones, such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), that mediate their actions through G protein-coupled receptors. However, these additional laboratory abnormalities are usually not recognized until PTH-resistant hypocalcemia becomes clinically apparent. We now describe four pediatric patients, first diagnosed with subclinical or overt hypothyroidism between the ages of 0.2 and 15 years, who developed overt PTH-resistance 3 to 20 years later. Although anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies provided a plausible explanation for hypothyroidism in one of these patients, this and two other patients revealed broad epigenetic GNAS abnormalities, which included loss of methylation (LOM) at exons AS, XL, and A/B, and gain of methylation at exon NESP55; ie, findings consistent with PHP-Ib. LOM at GNAS exon A/B alone led in the fourth patient to the identification of a maternally inherited 3-kb STX16 deletion, a well-established cause of autosomal dominant PHP-Ib. Although GNAS methylation changes were not detected in additional pediatric and adult patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (23 pediatric and 39 adult cases), hypothyroidism can obviously be the initial finding in PHP-Ib patients. One should therefore consider measuring PTH, along with calcium and phosphate, in patients with unexplained hypothyroidism for extended periods of time to avoid hypocalcemia and associated clinical complications.
A framework for a cryptographic protocol evaluation workbench (2003)

Tools to evaluate Cryptographic Protocols (CPs) exploded into the literature after development of BAN Logic. Many of these were created to repair weaknesses in BAN Logic. Unfortunately, these tools are all complex and difficult to implement individually, with little or no effort available to implement multiple tools in a workbench environment. We propose a framework that allows a protocol analyst to exercise multiple CP evaluation tools in a single environment. Moreover, this environment exhibits characteristics that will enhance the effectiveness of the CP evaluation methods themselves.
Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer Excited States with Unprecedented Luminescence Yield in Fluid Solution (2007)

A bridged d0 zirconocene dichloride is reported as a first group 4 metal complex possessing rare long-lived ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) excited states with high emission yields and excited-state lifetimes in fluid solutions (e.g., PhiLUM = 0.41 and tau = 17.6 micros in 1,2-dichlorobenzene at 20 degrees C). The basic emission parameters PhiLUM and tau are shown to be extremely solvent-dependent in fluids at room temperature. The first principle dependences of LMCT emission parameters on solvent properties are revealed with use of the target complex. For fluid solutions, the linear correlation between PhiLUM and tau is reported, thus suggesting that a solvent determines the rate constant for nonradiative decay, knr.
Activation of Factor XII in Acetone‐Treated Human Plasma: Significance of the Functional State of Plasma Kallikrein for the Extent of Activation (1986)

The kaolin-induced activation of factor XII (XII) to XIIa was studied in plasminogen-free human citrated plasma treated with acetone in the presence of benzamidine 7.5 mM. XIIa was assayed as prekallikrein (PK) activator. The significance of the concentrations of XII, PK and high molecular weight kininogen (HMrK) was examined using mixtures of normal plasma and plasma genetically deficient in these factors. At the high plasma dilution used (1 + 23 v/v in the kaolin incubate) a joint estimation of the factors was obtained. A reduction in amount of XII, PK or HMrK resulted in a correspondingly reduced yield of XIIa. Plasma kallikrein present was assayed as S-2302 amidase. The concentration of PK in XII-deficient plasma was normal, in HMrK-deficient plasma about 30% of normal. The activation of XII was studied in fresh plasma as well as in plasma stored for 3-6 months at -70 degrees, and the activation with acetone was carried out in the presence and in the absence of benzamidine, EDTA or purified HMrK. In previous work benzamidine was found to protect the cofactor function of purified HMrK in the assay system used, and EDTA was found to inhibit purified human plasma kallikrein assayed as plasminogen activator. The present results support the previous observations, and indicate that acetone treatment of fresh human plasma (benzamidine present) results in the activation of plasma kallikrein in a functional state that requires kinin-free, but otherwise native HMrK as a cofactor for the activation of XII.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pulse characteristics of passively mode-locked quantum dot lasers (2010)

Interest in quantum dot mode-locked lasers (QD MLLs) has grown in recent years since their first demonstration in 2001 as applications for optical time domain multiplexing, arbitrary waveform generation, and optical clocking are anticipated. Ultrafast pulses below 1 ps have been reported from QD MLLs using intensity autocorrelation techniques, but so far detailed characterization examining the pulse shape, duration, chirp, and degree of coherence spiking in these lasers has not been carried out. We describe the first direct frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) measurements on a QD MLL operating at a repetition rate of 5 GHz.
Drug resistance: as complex and diverse as the disease itself (2013)

Ask most oncologists when the targeted era in cancer chemotherapeutics began and it is likely they will point to a time 12 to 15 years ago when the possibility of using imatinib to target BCR–ABL in CML came into focus (1). But one could argue that the use of methotrexate and vincristine in the 1950s were the actual start of the targeted era, since both drugs are actually more specific than imatinib, having as their exclusive or primary targets dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and β-tubulin, respectively (2,3).
The Hydrolysis of Triisopropanolamine Borate1 (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Hydrolysis of Triisopropanolamine Borate1H. Steinberg and D. L. HunterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 4, 853–859Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01489a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01489a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sampling issues for stickiness measurements (2004)

The cut cotton sample used for the commercial evaluation of cotton bales is taken at a single point from one or two sides of the bale. It should be verified that this sample is sufficient to perform an H2SD stickiness measurement that is adequately precise to avoid litigation. If a more representative sampling method must be used, this is also beneficial for other technological measurements. The study into the feasibility of producing standard cottons (Beltwide, 2002) has already demonstrated the advantages of mixing cotton bales by cotton breaker as this reduces the dispersion coefficient of H2SD measurements from 7 to 1.5. The dispersion coefficient corresponds to the ratio between the variance and the mean of the counts. Its value is ideally 1 for sticky points distributed randomly within a perfectly homogeneous bale. It reaches 4.4 for cotton from the Sudan (Fonteneau Tamime, 2000) and only 2.7 for cotton from the USA (Héquet, 2003). A large part of the variability observed in stickiness measurements is therefore due to within-bale heterogeneity, and attempts can be made to reduce this by improving sampling methods. When preparing a bale, different layers of cotton are superimposed by a tramper before pressing. Our hypothesis is that within-bale variability is primarily located between the layers (vertically) whereas within-layer variability (horizontal) is low. If such is the case, samples taken from the entire side of the bale, i.e. in the form of a superficial strip involving all the layers, should be more representative than a simple cut cotton sample that involves only some of the layers. We tested this hypothesis by means of a sampling study that involved 24 bales from 4 different origins (3 continents). A three-dimensional grid of 8x2x2 was used to study variability in all 3 directions. Also, a comparison between the conventional cut cotton sample and the superficial vertical strips determined which method, in practice, gave the best results. The H2SD results clearly showed that stickiness was variable within the bale. The superficial vertical strip is close to the mean of the different layers, and the variability obtained was less pronounced than with the cut cotton samples. The other technological measurements are ongoing. The vertical strips were removed using a specially-designed, manual tool. Further research is required to develop an automatic sampling device to remove this sample, which is representative of bale stickiness. (texte intégral)
Investigation of the characteristics of atmospheric laser induced plasmas (2002)

Summary form only given. A laser fired through the atmosphere can generate a plasma by freeing charge carriers from the air molecules in the path of the beam. The characteristics of this plasma, especially the delay time between the propagation of the laser and initiation of the arc, were investigated. These plasmas were generated by focusing the output of a KrF excimer laser (248 nm wavelength, 20 nsec (FWHM) pulsewidth) operating between 200 and 525 mJ per pulse with a cylindrical lens generating a line focus across an air gap at the end of a ten foot section of four inch co-axial transmission line. The gaps tested were 4 mm, 8 mm or 11 mm in length, with the center conductor of the line connected to a variable high voltage DC power supply. The arc was detected by measuring current with a B-dot probe mounted near the gap inside the transmission line. To obtain accurate timing results with respect to the laser pulse a UV photodetector was utilized to trigger the oscilloscope. This probe measured delays that ranged between 72 and 412 ns. The delay time increased with increasing gap length and decreased with increasing laser pulse energy and applied voltage.
Cerebral blood flow quantification during ischemia using a multi-distance moments-based time-resolved technique (2012)

We present a time-resolved moments-based bolus-tracking technique to determine blood flow, blood volume and mean transit time in scalp and brain. Measurements from an adult pig before and during ischemia agree with CT perfusion.
Toxoplasma gondiiin beef consumed in France: regional variation in seroprevalence and parasite isolation (2019)

In France, the consumption of cattle and sheep meat appears to be a risk factor for infection of pregnant women with Toxoplasma gondii. Several nation-wide surveys in France have investigated the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep and pig meat, but little is known at present about the prevalence of the parasite in beef. The main objective of the present cross-sectional survey was to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in beef consumed in France. A secondary objective was to attempt to isolate T. gondii from cattle tissues and to study the geographical and age variations of this seroprevalence. The overall estimate of seroprevalence of T. gondii in bovine carcasses (n = 2912), for a threshold of 1:6 was 17.38%. A strong age effect was observed (p < 0.0001) with a seroprevalence of 5.34% for calves (<8 months) and 23.12% for adults (>8 months). Seroprevalence estimates given by area of birth and area of slaughtering for adults showed that the areas with the highest seroprevalence were not the same between these two variables. Only two strains, corresponding to genotype II, were isolated from heart samples, indicating that there is a limited risk of human infection with T. gondii, which needs to be correlated with the food habit of consuming raw or undercook (bleu or saignant) beef. However, new questions have emerged, especially concerning the isolation of parasites from beef and the precise role of bovines, generally described as poor hosts for T. gondii, in human infection.
Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 in pathological states of water metabolism (2000)

Aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) is an arginine vasopressin (AVP)-regulated water channel in renal collecting duct cells. Approximately 3 % of AQP-2 in collecting duct cells is excreted into urine. Urinary excretion of AQP-2 varies widely in different physiological conditions, and it has a positive correlation with plasma AVP levels. Urinary excretion of AQP-2 was significantly increased by the single injection of AVP in patients with central diabetes insipidus. The urinary excretion of AQP-2 was one-eighth over in patients with central diabetes insipidus and three times greater in patients with impaired water excretion than that in normal subjects. In a hypertonic saline test, the urinary excretion of AQP-2 promptly increased 6-12-fold in normal subjects, but remained low in patients with central diabetes insipidus. In addition, exaggerated urinary excretion of AQP-2 persisted after an acute water load in patients with impaired water excretion. These results indicate that urinary excretion of AQP-2 is a potent marker for the diagnosis of water metabolism disorders dependent on AVP.