gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CodY ofStreptococcus pneumoniae: Link between Nutritional Gene Regulation and Colonization (2007)

CodY is a nutritional regulator mainly involved in amino acid metabolism. It has been extensively studied in Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis. We investigated the role of CodY in gene regulation and virulence of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. We constructed a codY mutant and examined the effect on gene and protein expression by microarray and two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis analysis. The pneumococcal CodY regulon was found to consist predominantly of genes involved in amino acid metabolism but also several other cellular processes, such as carbon metabolism and iron uptake. By means of electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNA footprinting, we showed that most of the targets identified are under the direct control of CodY. By mutating DNA predicted to represent the CodY box based on the L. lactis consensus, we demonstrated that this sequence is indeed required for in vitro DNA binding to target promoters. Similar to L. lactis, DNA binding of CodY was enhanced in the presence of branched-chain amino acids, but not by GTP. We observed in experimental mouse models that codY is transcribed in the murine nasopharynx and lungs and is specifically required for colonization. This finding was underscored by the diminished ability of the codY mutant to adhere to nasopharyngeal cells in vitro. Furthermore, we found that pcpA, activated by CodY, is required for adherence to nasopharyngeal cells, suggesting a direct link between nutritional regulation and adherence. In conclusion, pneumococcal CodY predominantly regulates genes involved in amino acid metabolism and contributes to the early stages of infection, i.e., colonization of the nasopharynx.
Dust deposition on the decks of the Mars Exploration Rovers: 10 years of dust dynamics on the Panoramic Camera calibration targets (2015)

The Panoramic Cameras on NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers have each returned more than 17,000 images of their calibration targets. In order to make optimal use of this data set for reflectance calibration, a correction must be made for the presence of air fall dust. Here we present an improved dust correction procedure based on a two-layer scattering model, and we present a dust reflectance spectrum derived from long-term trends in the data set. The dust on the calibration targets appears brighter than dusty areas of the Martian surface. We derive detailed histories of dust deposition and removal revealing two distinct environments: At the Spirit landing site, half the year is dominated by dust deposition, the other half by dust removal, usually in brief, sharp events. At the Opportunity landing site the Martian year has a semiannual dust cycle with dust removal happening gradually throughout two removal seasons each year. The highest observed optical depth of settled dust on the calibration target is 1.5 on Spirit and 1.1 on Opportunity (at 601 nm). We derive a general prediction for dust deposition rates of 0.004 ± 0.001 in units of surface optical depth deposited per sol (Martian solar day) per unit atmospheric optical depth. We expect this procedure to lead to improved reflectance-calibration of the Panoramic Camera data set. In addition, it is easily adapted to similar data sets from other missions in order to deliver improved reflectance calibration as well as data on dust reflectance properties and deposition and removal history.
Through-wafer optical communication using monolithic InGaAs-on-Si LEDs and monolithic PtSi-Si Schottky-barrier detectors (1991)

Through-wafer optical communication has been demonstrated in experiments employing two vertically stacked Si wafers, the upper one with In/sub 0.15/Ga/sub 0.85/As-In/sub 0.15/Al/sub 0.85/As double-heterostructure LEDs (light-emitting diodes) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on its top surface and the lower one with PtSi-Si Schottky-barrier detectors fabricated on its bottom surface. Infrared radiation emitted by the LEDs in a band peaking at 1.12 mu m, just beyond the Si absorption edge, is transmitted through the upper Si wafer, focused with a 25-mm focal-length lens, transmitted through the lower Si wafer, and detected by the Pt-Si detectors. For a single LED-detector pair, the detector signal-to-noise ratio was 10:1 for an LED drive current, of 1 mA at room temperature. The results suggest that through-wafer communication using LEDs and Schottky-barrier detectors is a promising approach for optical interconnects in stacked wafer architectures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effective transformation of the energy of high-voltage pulses into high-frequency oscillations using a saturated-ferrite-loaded transmission line (2009)

A new method of converting a high-voltage video pulse into high-frequency oscillations using a nonlinear transmission line with temporal dispersion has been studied. The dispersion was provided by pulsed magnetization reversal in a ferrite, which was initially magnetized to saturation in an external magnetic field. For a 9-ns pulse, an average energy conversion efficiency of about 10% was achieved. It is demonstrated that oscillations at frequencies within 600 MHz-1.1 GHz with a spectral width of about 15% (at a −3 dB level) can be excited using voltage pulses with an amplitude of 110–290 kV. The optimum bias magnetization fields are within 20–40 kA/m.
A novel system for rapidly identifying toxic chemicals. (2008)

First-responders have a critical need to rapidly identify toxic chemicals during emergencies. However, current systems such as WISER require a large number of inputs before a chemical can be identified. Here we present a novel system which significantly reduces the number of inputs required to identify a toxic chemical.
The Hall Effect Circulator-a Passive Transmission Device (1959)

Three-port nonreciprocal Hall effect devices have been made which circulate dc and ac signals either in a clockwise or counterclockwise sense. Forward losses of 17 db and reverse losses of 61 db have been obtained, giving a transmission ratio of 44 db. With the aid of simple six-resistor networks (or even simpler three-resistor networks) the nine short circuit admittance parameters of the circulator can be adjusted in a calculable manner. These networks permit asymmetrical circulators to appear symmetrical, to operate over a wide range of impedance levels, to operate with any value of magnetic field, and to introduce no loss-or even gain-if negative resistances are used. An analysis of the circulator, with and without the parallel networks, is included. It is shown that the minimum possible forward loss for a Hall effect circulator is 8.4 db.
Effect of Interferon-γ on the Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor During Acute Escherichia coli Mastitis (1992)

The effects of recombinant interferon-gamma on the production of tumor necrosis factor in 10 dairy cows with Escherichia coli mastitis were determined. Prophylactic administration of recombinant interferon-gamma prior to the experimental E. coli challenge was effective in modifying the production of endogenous tumor necrosis factor during acute stages of disease. Elevated tumor necrosis factor concentrations were especially evident in cows that developed severe clinical symptoms and eventually died from endotoxemia. These results indicate that both milk and sera tumor necrosis factor concentrations are associated closely with the manifestation of peracute signs of coliform mastitis and are important factors contributing to morbidity and mortality of endotoxic shock. Pretreatment of cows with recombinant interferon-gamma possibly may down-regulate the generation of this potent endogenous inflammatory mediator within infected quarters. Controlling severe inflammation with recombinant interferon-gamma may prevent the tremendous loss in milk production and death that often accompany acute coliform mastitis during the periparturient period.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of broad-area semiconductor lasers (2016)

We study experimentally the spatio-temporal dynamics of broad-area semiconductor lasers. Fast random and periodic oscillations of the laser emission are observed. Their dependence on the pump strength and cavity size are investigated.
Design and analysis of a polymer co-extrusion die using the finite element method (1984)

coefficient of thermal expansion, in/inoF Old design stress, psi or radial stress, psi cre azimuthal stress, psi ep diameter 1 Chapter I --I" 5~~-.20 TP-r.
Evolutionary tuning of a key helix drove androgen selectivity (2021)

Abstract The genetic and biophysical mechanisms by which new protein functions evolve are central concerns in evolutionary biology and molecular evolution. Despite much speculation, we know little about how protein function evolves. Here, we use ancestral proteins to trace the evolutionary history of ligand recognition in a sub-class of steroid receptors (SRs), an ancient family of ligand-regulated transcription factors that enable long-range cellular communication central to multicellular life. The most ancestral members of this family display promiscuous ligand binding due to their large ligand binding pockets, while more recently evolved SRs tend to have smaller cavities. Less obvious, however, are the forces driving the selectivity of highly similar ligands. A key example is the divergence between the progesterone and androgen receptors (PR, AR), which display a high degree of sequence similarity and yet display differential ligand preferences. This work uses the ancestral steroid receptor 2 (AncSR2), the common ancestor of all 3-ketosteroids and the ancestral androgen receptor 1 (AncAR1), the seminal androgen receptor, to explore the biophysical mechanisms that drove the evolution of androgen specificity. We determine that ligand specificity in androgen receptors is driven by changes in the conformational dynamics of the receptor as well as altered binding pocket interactions, with helix 10 (H10) playing a critical role in tuning ligand specificity.
Penning ionization of thiocyanatomethane, isocyanatomethane, and isothiocyanatomethane by collision with helium*(23S) metastable atoms (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPenning ionization of thiocyanatomethane, isocyanatomethane, and isothiocyanatomethane by collision with helium*(23S) metastable atomsTibor Pasinszki, Hideo Yamakado, and Koichi OhnoCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 49, 12718–12724Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100151a015https://doi.org/10.1021/j100151a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
B CELL RESPONSES TO DONOR MHC CLASS I AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION (2010)

1General Surgery, 2207 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor/MI/UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor/MI/UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 3Section Of Transplantation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor/MI/UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 4Section Of Transplantation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor/UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Transcutaneous Immunization with a Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa Synthetic Hexasaccharide Conjugate following Oral Whole-Cell Cholera Vaccination Boosts Vibriocidal Responses and Induces Protective Immunity in Mice (2012)

A shortcoming of currently available oral cholera vaccines is their induction of relatively short-term protection against cholera compared to that afforded by wild-type disease. We were interested in whether transcutaneous or subcutaneous boosting using a neoglycoconjugate vaccine made from a synthetic terminal hexasaccharide of the O-specific polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1 (Ogawa) coupled to bovine serum albumin as a carrier (CHO-BSA) could boost lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific and vibriocidal antibody responses and result in protective immunity following oral priming immunization with whole-cell cholera vaccine. We found that boosting with CHO-BSA with immunoadjuvantative cholera toxin (CT) or Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT) following oral priming with attenuated V. cholerae O1 vaccine strain O395-NT resulted in significant increases in serum anti-V. cholerae LPS IgG, IgM, and IgA (P < 0.01) responses as well as in anti-Ogawa (P < 0.01) and anti-Inaba (P < 0.05) vibriocidal titers in mice. The LPS-specific IgA responses in stool were induced by transcutaneous (P < 0.01) but not subcutaneous immunization. Immune responses following use of CT or LT as an adjuvant were comparable. In a neonatal mouse challenge assay, immune serum from boosted mice was associated with 79% protective efficacy against death. Our results suggest that transcutaneous and subcutaneous boosting with a neoglycoconjugate following oral cholera vaccination may be an effective strategy to prolong protective immune responses against V. cholerae.
IGF2 Autocrine-Mediated IGF1R Activation Is a Clinically Relevant Mechanism of Osimertinib Resistance in Lung Cancer (2020)

<i>EGFR</i>-mutated lung cancer accounts for a significant proportion of lung cancer cases worldwide. For these cases, osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is extensively used as a first-line or second-line treatment. However, lung cancer cells acquire resistance to osimertinib in 1 to 2 years. Thus, a thorough clarification of resistance mechanisms to osimertinib is highly anticipated. Recent next-generation sequencing (NGS) of lung cancer samples identified several genetically defined resistance mechanisms to osimertinib, such as <i>EGFR</i> C797S or <i>MET</i> amplification. However, nongenetically defined mechanisms are not well evaluated. For a thorough clarification of osimertinib resistance, both genetic and nongenetic mechanisms are essential. By using our comprehensive protein phosphorylation array, we detected IGF1R bypass pathway activation after EGFR abolishment. Both of our established lung cancer cells and patient-derived lung cancer cells demonstrated IGF2 autocrine-mediated IGF1R pathway activation as a mechanism of osimertinib resistance. Notably, this resistance mechanism was not detected by a previously performed NGS, highlighting the essential roles of living cancer cells for a thorough clarification of resistance mechanisms. Interestingly, the immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the increased IGF2 expression in lung cancer patients who were treated with osimertinib and met the established clinical definition of acquired resistance. The findings highlight the crucial roles of cell-autonomous ligand expression in osimertinib resistance. Here, we report for the first time the IGF2 autocrine-mediated IGF1R activation as a nongenetic mechanism of osimertinib resistance in lung cancer at a clinically relevant level. IMPLICATIONS: Using comprehensive protein phosphorylation array and patient-derived lung cancer cells, we found that IGF2 autocrine-mediated IGF1R pathway activation is a clinically relevant and common mechanism of acquired resistance to osimertinib.
Cerebrospinal fluid fetuin-A is a biomarker of active multiple sclerosis (2013)

Our results show that CSF fetuin-A is a biomarker of disease activity and natalizumab response in MS. Neuronal expression of fetuin-A suggests that fetuin-A may play a pathological role in the disease process.
Lipid composition of different regions of the brain in patients with Alzheimer's disease (1989)

Conference Article| February 01 1989 Lipid composition of different regions of the brain in patients with Alzheimer's disease E. ROY SKINNER; E. ROY SKINNER *Department of Biochemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 1AS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CAROLYN WATT; CAROLYN WATT *Department of Biochemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 1AS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOHN A. O. BESSON; JOHN A. O. BESSON †Department of Mental Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 1AS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar PHILIP V. BEST PHILIP V. BEST ‡Department of Pathology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 1AS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1989) 17 (1): 213–214. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0170213 Article history Received: June 20 1988 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation E. ROY SKINNER, CAROLYN WATT, JOHN A. O. BESSON, PHILIP V. BEST; Lipid composition of different regions of the brain in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1989; 17 (1): 213–214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0170213 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: PE, phosphatidylethanolamine, CL, cardiolipin, PS, phosphatidylserine, PC, phosphatidylcholine, SP, sphingomyelin © 1989 Biochemical Society1989 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Safety Analysis of Proposed Pegfilgrastim Biosimilar In Phase I And Phase Iii Studies (2019)

Aim: This analysis compares safety data for Sandoz proposed biosimilar (LA-EP2006) and reference pegfilgrastim from a Phase I pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study in healthy volunteers (HVs) and two Phase III confirmatory studies in patients with breast cancer (BC; total n = 808). Patients & methods: Baseline characteristics were summarized, and event rates of bone pain and headache calculated. Results: HVs in the Phase I pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study were generally younger, with lower mean body mass index, versus BC patients in PROTECT-1/-2. Bone pain was the most frequent adverse event with similar incidences with reference versus proposed biosimilar in all studies. Conclusion: No differences in adverse events were found between Sandoz proposed biosimilar and reference pegfilgrastim, notwithstanding some differences between HVs and BC patients.
Brain retractor systems (2010)

In conclusion, a better monitor system needs to be developed to avoid brain injury.
Errata: Novel fluorescence molecular imaging of chemotherapy-induced intestinal apoptosis (2011)

The <i>Journal of Biomedical Optics</i> (JBO) is a Gold Open Access journal that publishes peer-reviewed papers on the use of novel optical systems and techniques for improved health care and biomedical research.
Micro- and macroscopic observations of the nucleation process and crystal growth of nanosized Cs-pollucite in an organotemplate-free hydrosol (2019)

Nucleation and crystal growth of a nanosized cesium pollucite zeolite from an organotemplate-free hydrosol under mild conditions (low pressure and temperature) are followed and reported.
Analysis of sensor movement errors in monocular vision-based tracking systems (2002)

When a vision sensor is used to track an object in an outdoor realistic navigational environment, it is subjected to unexpected movements or vibrations of the mounting platform. In this paper, the performance of such a setup in terms of range and heading angle errors is studied. The noise generated by the navigational environment is represented in two ways: sensor rotation angle errors and image coordinates errors. A consistent detectable region is obtained such that the tracked object is always seen by the sensor. Based on this region, a reliable region consisting of no singularity points is defined so that the range error does not become infinity. The optimum values of a controllable subspace, consisting of the object height and depression angle, with respect to an uncontrollable subspace, consisting of object coordinates and sensor movement errors, are then found by employing the mini-max estimator for the worst case performance and the minimum mean-squared estimator for the average performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Abstract 886: Mitochondrial Stress Response by Lonp1 in Cardiac Function and Protection (2019)

LonP1 is a mitochondrial protease that is crucial for maintaining cardiac mitochondrial homeostasis. We recently showed that LonP1 mediates cardioprotection during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) by reducing oxidative stress and infarct size. We hypothesize that LonP1 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis during cardiac differentiation and development and protects the heart from oxidative injury by recalibrating bioenergetics. Here, we employ human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), rat neonatal ventricular myocytes (rNVMs), and mouse models with cardiac-specific LonP1 overexpression (LonTg) and heterozygous LonP1 knockout ( LONP1 +/- ). In iPSC-CMs, LonP1 is induced 4.8-fold at 39 vs. 12 days after differentiation. During the maturation of murine hearts, LonP1 is increased 4.6-fold at 3 months vs. during 1 day. Upregulation was also observed in rNVMs in which LonP1 is induced 5- fold after 5 days culturing, compared to 0 days. LonP1 induction in rNVMs is accompanied by substantial 2-fold upregulation of mitochondrial transcripts, MT-CYB and MT-COI. However, the levels of another mitochondrial matrix protease ClpP was not altered, suggesting that LonP1 specifically may play an important role during mitochondrial biogenesis and proteostasis in the heart. In vivo, LonTg protected the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by preventing oxidative damage. In LonTg hearts, basal complex I activity was significantly (p&lt;0.05) reduced (Ntg-0.01 ± 0.001 vs. LonTg-0.0078 ± 0.001 mOD/min), as well as during I/R (Ntg-0.0139 ± 0.0005 vs LonTg-0.0102 ± 0.001 mOD/min) (n=3 each). However, no difference was observed in the complex I activity in LONP1 +/+ (0.0118 ± 0.0 mOD/min) and LONP1 +/- (0.0121 ± 0.0 mOD/min) mice (n=3 each). In addition, our preliminary native gel data of LonTg hearts shows a 40% reduction (n=1) in the levels of mitochondrial supercomplexes, compared to NTg hearts (n=4). Further studies are underway to explore the role of LonP1 during differentiation, and in response to mitochondrial cardiac stress. Together, our findings show a novel role of LonP1 in regulating cardiac function during mitochondrial biogenesis and in mitigating cardiac stress-induced injury.