gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Risk Analysis of the Level of Risk to Cryptosporidium Through Consuming or Having Contact With Contaminated Fish Among Baltimore Urban Anglers in Maryland (2006)

SAB3-PD-10 Introduction: Urban fishing, the practice of fishing in urban waterways for recreational or subsistence purposes, is an underrecognized environmental health issue. In urban areas, the environmental factors that are especially troublesome are due to exposure from microbiologic contaminants, such as Cryptosporidium. This study examines the risk of exposure to Cryptosporidium based on fish and hand wash samples taken from Baltimore urban anglers during the summers of 2002 and 2003. Methods: Using a questionnaire, information regarding fishing frequency and consumption was collected through on-site interviews at various urban water bodies in the Baltimore area. Anglers were identified by locating sites that were commonly visited for fishing. Hand wash samples of the anglers’ hands were collected using a solution of PBS eluting fluid with 0.1% Tween 80, 0.1% SDS, and 0.001% of antifoam agent. Fish samples were also collected from the anglers and caught by the researchers. The probability of infection of Cryptosporidium was determined using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's dose-response model for Cryptosporidium and a Monte Carlo analysis. Results: There were a total of 48 fish and hand wash samples collected and 56 anglers interviewed. Based on the hand wash samples and the information provided from the urban angler questionnaire, it was determined that the probability of infection could be as high as 1, indicating that infection would occur if proper hand washing did not occur. Even with the most conservative estimates, the probability of infection based on the fish and hand samples was 0.22 and 0.41, respectively. Conclusions: Many of the anglers interviewed during this research were unaware of this risk because currently most states, including Maryland, provide no information in regard to exposure to Cryptosporidium or any microbiologic contaminant within their fish consumption advisories. This research provides enormous implications for the necessary changes and improvements that need to be made in order to improve and adequately inform the anglers of these potential health risks. Furthermore, this research embarks on a new frontier of research that not only Maryland can benefit from, but also other states who share similar problems with microbiologic contamination of their urban watersheds.
Object Manipulation using Robotic Hands with Varying Degrees of Grasp Knowledge. (2017)

To date, there is limited rigorous analysis of object manipulation using robotic hands, where more focus has been placed on heuristic and experiment-based approaches. In this paper, we analyze the effects of grasp uncertainties based on realistic assumptions and propose a robust control framework for object manipulation. The framework considers a hand-object system subject to disturbances resulting from uncertainties in the object center of mass/inertia, hand kinematics, external wrenches, and contact locations. The proposed framework is then applied to practical object manipulation scenarios with different levels of uncertainty related to the sensors available to the robotic hand. These scenarios include when the hand-object system is known perfectly; when vision sensors are available; when tactile sensors are available; and when no vision/tactile sensors are available to the robotic hand (i.e. blind grasping). The analysis also addresses the internal force control in relation to the various practical cases. Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A sigma delta ISFET readout circuit for Lab-on-Chip applications (2013)

This paper presents a new ISFET readout interface circuitry for Lab-on-Chip applications. The proposed circuit features a dedicated DC-input sigma delta modulator converting the detected charge to 1-bit digital series. The proposed circuit, designed in 0.35-μm CMOS technology, offers a biologically relevant, high pH dynamic range of 5 to 9 and high sensitivity of 800mV/pH. We demonstrate the features of the proposed circuit by simulations and we discuss the advantage of this low complexity circuit for the measurement of pH using an array of ISFETs suitable for a variety of chemical and biological applications.
Characteristics of Albunex Air-Filled Albumin Microspheres for Echocardiography Contrast Enhancement (1990)

BARNHART, JAMES PHD; LEVENE, HAROLD PHD; VILLAPANDO, ELAINE BS; MANIQUIS, JACK BS; FERNANDEZ, JOSÉ BS; RICE, SALLIE BS; JABLONSKI, ED PHD; GJØEN, TOR BS; TOLLESHAUG, HELGE PHD Author Information
Expression of Eotaxin by Normal Airway Epithelial Cells after Influenza Virus A Infection (2000)

These results suggest that influenza virus A infection in airway epithelial cells activates the expression of eotaxin and that eotaxin may participate in the pathogenesis of airway inflammatory disease caused by viral infection, such as infectious type asthma.
Dual chemistry catalyzed by human acireductone dioxygenase (2016)

Acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) from the methionine salvage pathway of Klebsiella oxytoca is the only known naturally occurring metalloenzyme that catalyzes different reactions in vivo based solely on the identity of the divalent transition metal ion (Fe2+ or Ni2+) bound in the active site. The iron-containing isozyme catalyzes the cleavage of substrate 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-(thiomethyl)pent-1-ene (acireductone) by O2 to formate and the ketoacid precursor of methionine, whereas the nickel-containing isozyme uses the same substrates to catalyze an off-pathway shunt to form methylthiopropionate, carbon monoxide and formate. This dual chemistry was recently demonstrated in vitro by ARD from Mus musculus (MmARD), providing the first example of a mammalian ARD exhibiting metal-dependent catalysis. We now show that human ARD (HsARD) is also capable of metal-dependent dual chemistry. Recombinant HsARD was expressed and purified to obtain a homogeneous enzyme with a single transition metal ion bound. As with MmARD, the Fe2+-bound HsARD shows the highest activity and catalyzes on-pathway chemistry, whereas Ni2+, Co2+ or Mn2+ forms catalyze off-pathway chemistry. The thermal stability of the HsARD isozymes is a function of the metal ion identity, with Ni2+-bound HsARD being the most stable followed by Co2+ and Fe2+, and Mn2+-bound HsARD being the least stable. As with the bacterial ARD, solution NMR data suggest that HsARD isozymes can have significant structural differences depending upon the metal ion bound.
Guillain–Barré Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Guillain–Barre Syndrome with Covid-19 Five patients who had Guillain–Barre syndrome 5 to 10 days after the onset of Covid-19 are described. Three had severe weakness and an axonal pattern on electr...
Revealing the Nano and Micro Mechano-Structural Collagen Polymer Bone Relationship (2006)

With an ever-growing ageing population the strain on global medical services becomes a significant dilemma. The status of the bone is one of the major complaints by the elderly. Even today, little is known about the bone's nano and micro structural-functional relationship under applied stresses and about the function of the collagen polymer. In this article, this relationship is investigated, revealing that on microcracking open and closed pores are present. A crisscross nanostructure is essential to the bone's re-healing process. Mechanisms are proposed which are in agreement with an earlier hypothesis that could not previously be substantiated experimentally. This discovery is the key to unlocking bone weaknesses, because by understanding the bone's structural function the bone deterioration problem associated with old age can be solved.
Selected Compounds Structurally Related to Acyclic Sesquiterpenoids and Their Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity (2015)

By implementing a common and industrially used method, 30 compounds which are structurally related to geranyl acetone, nerolidol, farnesal, farnesol and farnesyl acetate were obtained. Their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria was investigated. Pharmacophore models were proposed based on the obtained results and 3D QSAR modelling. Cytotoxic effects against mainly human immortalised and normal cell lines of different origin (malignant melanoma MeWo, colorectal adenocarcinoma HT29, promyelocytic leukemia HL60, gingival fibroblasts HFIG, skin keratinocytes HaCaT and rat small intestine epithelium IEC6) were examined. The odour descriptions of newly synthesised compounds are given.
Analysis of SQL Injection Attack (2014)

These days almost all information is online. To store such information one needs huge databases. Over a past few years a new type of cyber security threat has come into existence namely Structured Query Language (SQL) injection attack. The same can be launched by means of web browsers. Typical uses of SQL injection leak confidential information from a database, by-pass authentication logic, or add unauthorized accounts to a database. The severity of this attack can be judged from the fact that in seconds of its inception all critical information is routed to malicious user, thus causing a tremendous amount of loss in terms of authentication, data integration and privacy. As a result, the system could bear heavy loss in giving proper services to its users or it may face complete destruction. Sometimes such type of collapse of a system can threaten the existence of a company or a bank or an industry.
Atomic‐Scale Fabrication of In‐Plane Heterojunctions of Few‐Layer MoS2 via In Situ Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (2019)

Layered MoS<sub>2</sub> is a prospective candidate for use in energy harvesting, valleytronics, and nanoelectronics. Its properties strongly related to its stacking configuration and the number of layers. Due to its atomically thin nature, understanding the atomic-level and structural modifications of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides is still underdeveloped, particularly the spatial control and selective precision. Therefore, the development of nanofabrication techniques is essential. Here, an atomic-scale approach used to sculpt 2D few-layer MoS<sub>2</sub> into lateral heterojunctions via in situ scanning/transmission electron microscopy (STEM/TEM) is developed. The dynamic evolution is tracked using ultrafast and high-resolution filming equipment. The assembly behaviors inherent to few-layer 2D-materials are observed during the process and included the following: scrolling, folding, etching, and restructuring. Atomic resolution STEM is employed to identify the layer variation and stacking sequence for this new 2D-architecture. Subsequent energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses are performed to corroborate the elemental distribution. This sculpting technique that is established allows for the formation of sub-10 nm features, produces diverse nanostructures, and preserves the crystallinity of the material. The lateral heterointerfaces created in this study also pave the way for the design of quantum-relevant geometries, flexible optoelectronics, and energy storage devices.
Les moutons de Panurge (2016)

Autant le dire tout de suite, afin que cela soit clair, il n'est pas necessaire d'attendre la fin des negociations conventionnelles entre les syndicats medicaux et l'Assurance maladie : le prix de la…
Prowzrostowa orientacja polityki wobec Romów w Europie (2016)

Unia Europejska jest ukierunkowana na dążenie do osiągnięcia celów spójności gospodarczej, społecznej i terytorialnej. Są one ściśle związane z trwałym wzrostem gospodarczym i społecznym, który niemożliwy jest bez rozwoju w tych obszarach. Strategia Unii Europejskiej dotycząca zmiany sytuacji Romów jest ściśle związana ze strategią Europa 2020, nastawioną na realizację celów spójności. Praktyczna realizacja założeń proromskiej strategii jest powierzona państwom członkowskim. Na tej płaszczyźnie dochodzi do konkretyzacji unijnych założeń ramowych, zgodnie z ich rozwojowym ukierunkowaniem. Jednak biorąc pod uwagę ostatni etap wdrażania strategii UE, czyli praktyczną realizację działań skierowanych do Romów, pojawi się problem związany z różnymi systemami wartości. Cele Unii Europejskiej opierają się przede wszystkim na wartości rozwoju i dążeniu do wzrostu. Kultura Romów – ukształtowana przez potrzebę przetrwania – związana jest z systemem wartości opierającym się na trwaniu, niezmienności i silnych więziach wewnątrzgrupowych. Oceniając z takiego punktu widzenia prorozwojową orientację polityki wobec Romów w Europie, należałoby przyjąć inne kryteria, niż te, które wynikają z unijnej strategii, a także strategii „Europa 2020”. Jednak nawet Wskaźnik Rozwoju Społecznego nie w pełni umożliwia ocenę adekwatną do systemu romskiej kultury. Najważniejsze zatem pozostają unijne kryteria oceny prowzrostowej orientacji polityki. Podstawą do takiej oceny są założenia określone w Unijnych Ramach, a także coroczne komunikaty Komisji Europejskiej podsumowujące postępy państw członkowskich. Na ich podstawie jednoznacznie można stwierdzić, że polityka wobec Romów jest ukierunkowana na wzrost gospodarczy i społeczny.
Geochemistry of Mesozoic Mafic Rocks Adjacent to the Chenzhou-Linwu fault, South China: Implications for the Lithospheric Boundary between the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks (2003)

Abstract To constrain the Mesozoic tectonic evolution and the lithospheric boundary between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in South China, we present geochronological and geochemical data for Mesozoic basaltic lavas and related mafic dikes west (Group 1) and east (Group 2) of the Chenzhou-Linwu fault. Three episodes of mafic magmatism around the Chenzhou-Linwu fault were identified: ca.175 Ma, 125-150 Ma, and 80-95 Ma, respectively. Group 1 rocks (alkaline basanite and trachybasalt), with ages of >125 Ma, have a wide range of 87Sr/86Sr(t) values (0.7035-0.7069), and εNd(t) values (-3.75 to + 6.10). In contrast, Group 2 rocks (subalkaline basalt and basaltic andesite), with ages of > 125 Ma, exhibit 87Sr/86Sr(t) values of 0.7075-0.7087 and εNd(t) values of -2.04 to + 1.05. Both groups are strongly enriched in incompatible elements, with variable negative Nb-Ta anomalies. However, Group 1 rocks commonly have higher LREE and Ba/Nb, Rb/Nb, Ba/Th, and Ba/La ratios and lower Th/Nb, Th/La, and Zr/Nb ratios than Group 2 rocks. Rocks with ages of 80-95 Ma from both groups have very similar elemental and isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr(t) = 0.7033-0.7052, εNd(t) = +3.99 to + 8.00), consistent with those of OIB. Strong coupling between incompatible elemental ratios and isotopes suggests that Group 1 rocks might have been derived from an EMI-like continental lithospheric mantle with an OIB source. In contrast, Group 2 rocks come from an EMII-like mantle source contaminated by an OIB component. We conclude that Mesozoic mafic rocks with ages of >125 Ma originated chiefly from an enriched lithospheric mantle heated by ascending asthenosphere, whereas the mafic rocks with ages of ca. 80-95 Ma were derived from upwelling asthenospheric mantle in response to intra-continental lithospheric extension in the South China interior. The spatial variations of EMI-and EMII-like source signatures for Mesozoic mafic rocks around the Chenzhou-Linwu fault suggest that the fault represents the Mesozoic lithospheric boundary between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. The Jinxian-Anhua fault was only a near-surface boundary between the sutured blocks. The crust of the Cathaysia block might have been thrust westward over the Yangtze block with a displacement of >400 km at a time no later than ca. 175 Ma. A model for crustal detachment collision (>ca. 175 Ma) and subsequent intra-continental lithospheric extension (175-80 Ma) is proposed for the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of South China.
A meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of St John&#39;s wort extract in depression therapy in comparison with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in adults (2016)

Both St John's wort extract and SSRIs are effective in treating mild-to-moderate depression. St John's wort extract is safer than SSRIs.
The Effects of Different Articulate Curvature of Artificial Disc on Loading Distribution (2012)

The concave PE insert on the inferior side not only decreased loading concentration but had relatively low stress. Such a design may be applicable for artificial discs.
Summary Abstract: The interaction of water with Li-predosed Ru(001) (1985)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation S. Semancik, D. L. Doering, T. E. Madey; Summary Abstract: The interaction of water with Li‐predosed Ru(001). J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 May 1985; 3 (3): 1571–1572. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.573134 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Maximum limit to the number of myosin II motors participating in processive sliding of actin (2016)

In this work, we analysed processive sliding and breakage of actin filaments at various heavy meromyosin (HMM) densities and ATP concentrations in IVMA. We observed that with addition of ATP solution, the actin filaments fragmented stochastically; we then determined mean length and velocity of surviving actin filaments post breakage. Average filament length decreased with increase in HMM density at constant ATP, and increased with increase in ATP concentration at constant HMM density. Using density of HMM molecules and length of actin, we estimated the number of HMM molecules per actin filament (N) that participate in processive sliding of actin. N is solely a function of ATP concentration: 88 ± 24 and 54 ± 22 HMM molecules (mean ± S.D.) at 2 mM and 0.1 mM ATP respectively. Processive sliding of actin filament was observed only when N lay within a minimum lower limit (Nmin) and a maximum upper limit (Nmax) to the number of HMM molecules. When N < Nmin the actin filament diffused away from the surface and processivity was lost and when N > Nmax the filament underwent breakage eventually and could not sustain processive sliding. We postulate this maximum upper limit arises due to increased number of strongly bound myosin heads.
Supplementary Materials and Methods and Supplementary Figures 1 through 5 from Urokinase Plasminogen Activator System–Targeted Delivery of Nanobins as a Novel Ovarian Cancer Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 469KB, Supplementary Materials &amp; Methods; Supplementary Figure S1: Specific uptake of ATN-291-NB(Ni,As) in ovarian cancer cells; Supplementary Figure S2: Confocal studies of early apoptosis in HeyA8 cells treated with nanobins; Supplementary Figure S3: Targeted delivery using a urokinase antibody (ATN-291) does not inhibit uPA enzymatic activity in vitro; Supplementary Figure S4: Immunohistochemical analysis of the HeyA8 xenograft tumors upon the treatments of nanobins in vivo; Supplementary Figure S5: Organ function of mice treated by ATN-291-NB(Ni,As).&lt;/p&gt;
Variability of immunoglobulin expression in follicular lymphoma. An immunohistologic and molecular genetic study. (1989)

Immunohistochemical and molecular genetic studies were performed on tissues involved by follicular lymphomas that at some point in their course showed a lack of detectable surface or cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (Ig). The variable nature of Ig expression in these lymphomas was evidenced by three tumors biopsied from two different sites that showed an Ig-negative phenotype in one biopsy versus an Ig-positive phenotype in the other. The B lineage derivation of Ig-negative follicular lymphomas was confirmed by the presence of Ig heavy and light chain gene rearrangements in eight of eight lymphomas tested. In a way similar to Ig-expressing follicular lymphomas, the Ig-negative tumors were characterized by bcl-2 gene rearrangements (seven of eight) and overexpression of the Bcl-2 protein (eight out of nine). In two of the three lymphomas with Ig-positive and Ig-negative tumor cell populations, the clonal relationship of the Ig-expressing and nonexpressing cells was established by demonstration of identical t(14; 18) DNA rearrangements. The findings demonstrated that the variability of Ig expression in follicular lymphomas reflects the phenotypic heterogeneity of these tumors and is not a manifestation of separate clonal origins.
Shape-selected bimetallic nanoparticle electrocatalysts: evolution of their atomic-scale structure, chemical composition, and electrochemical reactivity under various chemical environments (2013)

Solid surfaces generally respond sensitively to their environment. Gas phase or liquid phase species may adsorb and react with individual surface atoms altering the solid-gas and solid-liquid electronic and chemical properties of the interface. A comprehensive understanding of chemical and electrochemical interfaces with respect to their responses to external stimuli is still missing. The evolution of the structure and composition of shape-selected octahedral PtNi nanoparticles (NPs) in response to chemical (gas-phase) and electrochemical (liquid-phase) environments was studied, and contrasted to that of pure Pt and spherical PtNi NPs. The NPs were exposed to thermal annealing in hydrogen, oxygen, and vacuum, and the resulting NP surface composition was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In gaseous environments, the presence of O2 during annealing (300 °C) lead to a strong segregation of Ni species to the NP surface, the formation of NiO, and a Pt-rich NP core, while a similar treatment in H2 lead to a more homogenous Pt-Ni alloy core, and a thinner NiO shell. Further, the initial presence of NiO species on the as-prepared samples was found to influence the atomic segregation trends upon low temperature annealing (300 °C). This is due to the fact that at this temperature nickel is only partially reduced, and NiO favors surface segregation. The effect of electrochemical cycling in acid and alkaline electrolytes on the structure and composition of the octahedral PtNi NPs was monitored using image-corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-angle annular dark field scanning TEM (HAADF-STEM). Sample pretreatments in surface active oxygenates, such as oxygen and hydroxide anions, resulted in oxygen-enriched Ni surfaces (Ni oxides and/or hydroxides). Acid treatments were found to strongly reduce the content of Ni species on the NP surface, via its dissolution in the electrolyte, leading to a Pt-skeleton structure, with a thick Pt shell and a Pt-Ni core. The presence of Ni hydroxides on the NP surface was shown to improve the kinetics of the electrooxidation of CO and the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions. The affinity to water and the oxophilicity of Ni hydroxides are proposed as likely origin of the observed effects.
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-3β-bromoacetate, an Affinity-Labeling Analog of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Receptor (1994)

In this communication we describe the synthesis of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-3β-bromoacetate [1,25(OH)2-BE], an analog of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], as a part of our ongoing interest in characterizing the hormone-binding domain of the 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor (VDR). We carried out several binding studies of 1,25(OH)2-BE with chick intestinal VDR preparations to demonstrate that 1,25(OH)2-BE is capable of blocking the entry of 1,25(OH)2D3 into its binding pocket and possibly covalently linking to the VDR molcule.