gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Phase 1 study evaluating AMG 337 in Asian patients with advanced solid tumors† (2017)

AMG 337, a selective small-molecule MET inhibitor, was evaluated in Asian patients with advanced solid tumors. Eligible patients orally self-administered AMG 337; the initial dose of 150 mg once daily (QD) was escalated to 300 mg QD (modified 3+3+3 design). Treatment continued until disease progression, intolerability, or death. The primary endpoint was adverse events (AEs) and clinical abnormalities defined as dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Secondary endpoints included other AEs, pharmacokinetics and tumor response. Eleven patients were enrolled. No DLTs occurred. The most common treatment-emergent AEs were headache (73%) and nausea (45%). Cmax and AUC0–24 exposures increased proportionally with dose; t1/2 was comparable between groups; plasma accumulation was minimal over 28 days. One patient (150 mg) had partial response; one patient (300 mg) had stable disease. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of AMG 337 in Asian patients were consistent with those observed in Western patient populations. The study was terminated early.
Entorhinal Tau Predicts Hippocampal Activation and Memory Deficits in Alzheimer’s Disease (2020)

These findings extend previous observations in cognitively normal aging, demonstrating that entorhinal tau continues to be closely associated with hippocampal hyperactivity and memory performance in MCI and mild dementia due to AD. Furthermore, data suggest that this association is strongest in medial temporal lobe structures. In summary, our data provide novel insights into the relationship of tau accumulation to neural activation and memory in AD.
Cloud Computing Adoption by Higher Education Institutions in Saudi Arabia: Analysis Based on TOE (2015)

(1) Background, Motivation and Objective: Academic study of Cloud Computing within Saudi Arabia is an emerging research field. Saudi Arabia represents the largest economy in the Arabian Gulf region. This positions it as a potential market of cloud computing technologies. Adoption of new innovations should be preceded by analysis of the added value, challenges and adequacy from technological, organizational and environmental perspectives. (2) Statement of Contribution/Method: This cross-sectional exploratory empirical research is based on Technology, Organization and Environment model targeting higher education institutions. In this study, the factors that influence the adoption by higher education institutions were analyzed and tested using Partial Least Square. (3) Results, Discussion and Conclusions: Three factors were found significant in this context. Relative Advantage, Data Privacy and Complexity are the most significant factors. The model explained 43% of the total adoption measure variation. Significant differences in the areas of cloud computing compatibility, complexity, vendor lock-in and peer pressure between large and small institutions were revealed. Items for future cloud computing research were explored through open-ended questions. Adoption of cloud services by higher education institutions has been started. It was found that the adoption rate among large universities is higher than small higher education institutions. Improving the network and Internet Infrastructure in Saudi Arabia at an affordable cost is a pre-requisite for cloud computing adoption. Cloud service provider should address the privacy and complexity concerns raised by non-adopters. Future information systems that are potential for hosting in cloud were prioritized.
Model of the viscoelastic behaviour of skin in vivo and study of anisotropy (2004)

The parameters obtained with the viscoelastic model are independent of the type of load, the same coefficients enable a correct representation in creep and relaxation tests. The main directions vary from one person to another, Young's modulus in these directions could be an indicator for dermatologists and cosmeticians.
Pharmaceutical Excipients in Drug‐Drug Interaction (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Interaction of Pharmaceutical Excipients with Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) Interaction of Pharmaceutical Excipients with Transporters Summary References
More serious autophagy can be induced by ZnO nanoparticles than single‐walled carbon nanotubes in rat tracheal epithelial cells (2020)

Metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanoparticles, as common nanoparticles (NPs), can cause autophagy in certain cells, which will lead to biohealth risk issues. This study determined the difference in autophagy induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in respiratory epithelial cells. ICP-OES results showed that NPs uptake as well as the intercellular contents of particles affected cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. ZnO NPs-30 nm had a distinct green dot structure representing autophagy, the SWCNTs exposure group had a few green light spots at a concentration of 10 μg/L. The ROS content of the ZnO NP-30 nm exposure group had the greatest increase at a concentration of 1000 μg/L, which was 2.5 times higher than that of the control, the SWCNTs exposure group showed a 2.2-fold increase. A slight downregulation of p-mTOR was detected, and the ZnO NPs-30 nm treatment group had the significant downregulation rate. The gene and protein expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3B were upregulated as the exposure concentration increased. The protein expression of Beclin-1 and LC3B in the 1000 μg/L ZnO NPs-30 nm exposure group were 5.21 times and 4.12 times that of the control, respectively. The mRNA expression of Beclin-1 and LC3B in the 1000 μg/L ZnO NPs-30 nm exposure group were 5.04 times and 3.61 times that of the control, respectively. At any concentration, the effect of ZnO NPs-30 nm was greater than that of the SWCNTs. Interaction and crosstalk analysis showed that exposure to ZnO NPs-30 nm caused autophagy through the aggregation of undegraded autophagosomes, whereas SWCNTs exposure induced diminished intercellular oxidative stress to inhibit autophagy. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the effects of autophagy induced by ZnO NPs-30 nm and SWCNTs were different. The health risks of ZnO-30 nm NPs are higher than those of SWCNTs.
Experimental three-dimensional optical image reconstruction of heterogeneous turbid media from continuous-wave data (2000)

This paper demonstrates experimental three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction of optically heterogeneous turbid media from near-infrared continuous-wave measurements. Successful reconstruction is achieved through a full 3D finite-element based, Newton-type reconstruction algorithm. Our experimental evidence shows that both absorption and scattering images of a 10x15 mm cylindrical object embedded in a 50x50 mm cylindrical background can be reconstructed using our algorithm.
Chymase Inhibition Prevents Cardiac Fibrosis and Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction in Rats (2006)

Human chymase activates not only angiotensin II but also transforming growth factor-beta, a major stimulator of myocardial fibrosis, while rat chymase activates transforming growth factor-beta, but not angiotensin II. To clarify the role of chymase-dependent transforming growth factor-beta activation, we evaluated whether chymase inhibition prevents cardiac fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction in rats. Myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. One day after the ligation, rats were randomized into 2 groups: 1) a chymase-treated group that received 10 mg/kg per day of the chymase inhibitor NK3201 orally for 4 weeks; and 2) a vehicle group of non-treated rats with myocardial infarction. We also included a control group who underwent sham-operation and no treatment. Four weeks after ligation, echocardiography revealed that chymase inhibitor treatment reduced the akinetic area and increased fractional area change but did not significantly change left ventricular end-diastolic area. Chymase inhibition significantly reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, increased the maximal end-systolic pressure-volume relationship and decreased the time constant of left ventricular relaxation. Chymase activity in the non-infarcted myocardium was significantly increased in the vehicle group, but it was significantly reduced by chymase inhibitor treatment. The fibrotic area in the cardiac tissues and the mRNA levels of collagen I and collagen III were also significantly lower in the chymase inhibitor-treated group than in the vehicle group. Therefore, the pathway forming chymase-dependent transforming growth factor-beta may play an important role in myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction rather than left ventricular dilatation after myocardial infarction.
A Media-Enhanced Vector Architecture for Embedded Memory Systems (1999)

Next generation portable devices will require processors with both low energy consumption and high performance for media functions. At the same time, modern CMOS technology creates the need for highly scalable VLSI architectures. Conventional processor architectures fail to meet these requirements. This paper presents the architecture of Vector IRAM (VIRAM), a processor that combines vector processing with embedded DRAM technology. Vector processing achieves high multimedia performance with simple hardware, while embedded DRAM provides high memory bandwidth at low energy consumption. VIRAM provides flexible support for media data types, short vectors, and DSP features. The vector pipeline is enhanced to hide DRAM latency without using caches. The peak performance is 3.2 GFLOPS (single precision) and maximum memory bandwidth is 25.6 GBytes/s. With a target power consumption of 2 Watts for the vector pipeline and the memory system, VIRAM supports 1.6 GFLOPS/Watt. For a set of representative media kernels, VIRAM sustains on average 88% of its peak performance, outperforming conventional SIMD media extensions and DSP processors by factors of 4.5 to 17. Using a clustered implementation approach, the modular design can be scaled without complicating control logic. We demonstrate that scaling the architecture leads to near linear application speedup. We also evaluate the effect of scaling the capacity and parallelism of the on-chip memory system to die area and sustained performance
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition of (Phenylsulfonyl)‐1,2‐propadienes with Diazomethane. Novel Rearrangement Reactions of the Resulting Cycloadducts. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transmembrane TNF Induces an Efficient Cell-Mediated Immunity and Resistance to Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Infection in the Absence of Secreted TNF and Lymphotoxin-α (2002)

The contribution of a transmembrane (Tm) form of TNF to protective immunity against Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was studied in transgenic (tg) mice expressing a noncleavable Tm TNF but lacking the TNF/lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha) locus (Tm TNF tg mice). These mice were as resistant to BCG infection as wild-type mice, whereas TNF/LT-alpha(-/-), TNF(-/-), and LT-alpha(-/-) mice succumbed. Tm TNF tg mice developed granulomas of smaller size but at 2- to 4-fold increased frequencies compared with wild-type mice. Granulomas were mainly formed by monocytes and activated macrophages expressing Tm TNF mRNA and accumulating acid phosphatase. NO synthase 2 activation as a key macrophage bactericidal mechanism was low during the acute phase of infection in Tm TNF tg mice but was still sufficient to limit bacterial growth and increased in late infection. While infection with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis resulted in very rapid death of TNF/LT-alpha(-/-) mice, it also resulted in survival of Tm TNF tg mice which presented an increase in the number of CFU in spleen (5-fold) and lungs (10-fold) as compared with bacterial load of wild-type mice. In conclusion, the Tm form of TNF induces an efficient cell-mediated immunity and total resistance against BCG even in the absence of LT-alpha and secreted TNF. However, Tm TNF-mediated protection against virulent M. tuberculosis infection can also be efficient but not as strong as in BCG infection, in which cognate cellular interactions may play a more predominant role in providing long-term surveillance and containment of BCG-infected macrophages.
Determination of Uniaxial Tensile Behavior of Hypodermis in Porcine Skin Based on Rule of Mixtures (2019)

In this study, we investigate the mechanical behavior of each skin layer, in terms of the nominal stress-strain curve by uniaxial tensile tests using specimens of porcine skin in two forms: dermis containing epidermis, and all three layers. All tests were performed under cyclic loading at the constant strain rate of 10–3 s–1 at ambient temperature. To measure the precise initial cross-sectional areas of each layer, the thickness of each skin layer was quantified by counting the number of pixels on the photo-image using image-processing software. In the tensile test, force-strain curves of the total skin and dermis with epidermis were obtained. Subsequently, a rule of mixtures was applied to determine the nonlinear mechanical properties of the hypodermis layer. In conclusion, we could define the uniaxial tensile behavior of the hypodermis, and additionally predict the weight effect of the dermis and hypodermis layers in the tensile test.
Immobilized Lipase Showing High Catalytic Activity toward Enzymatic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Macrolides (1996)

Abstract Immobilized Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase adsorbed on a Celite was used as new catalyst for enzymatic ring-opening polymerization of macrolides. Immobilization in the presence of a sugar or poly(ethylene glycol) greatly enhanced the catalytic activity.
Executive summary. Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of inﬂuenza virus infection. Consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SEIP), the Spanish Association of Vaccinology (AEV), the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC) and the Spanish Society of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Health Management (SEMPSPGS) (2023)

The inﬂuenza virus has accompanied humans since time immemorial, in the form of annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. It is a respiratory infection with multiple repercussions on people's lives at an individual and social level, as well as representing a signiﬁcant burden on the health system. This Consensus Document arises from the collaboration of various Spanish scientiﬁc societies involved in inﬂuenza virus infection. The conclusions drawn are based on the highest quality evidence available in the scientiﬁc literature and, failing that, on the opinion of the experts convened. The Consensus Document addresses the clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and preventive aspects (with respect to the prevention of transmission and in relation to vaccination) of inﬂuenza, for both adult and pediatric populations. This Consensus Document aims to help facilitate the clinical, microbiological, and preventive approach to inﬂuenza virus infection and, consequently, to reduce its important consequences on the morbidity and mortality of the population.
Synthesis of 2‐Phenylthiazoles from α‐Tosyloxyketones and Thiobenzamide in [Bmim][PF6] Ionic Liquid at Ambient Temperature (2006)

Abstract The room temperature ionic liquid, 1‐ n ‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [bmim][PF 6 ] is used as a ‘green’ recyclable alternative to classical molecular solvents for the cyclocondensation of α‐tosyloxyketones with thiobenzamide to prepare 2‐phenylthiazoles in good yields.
Fine-coarse vector quantization (1991)

A fast method for searching an unstructured vector quantization (VQ) codebook is introduced and analyzed. The method, fine-coarse vector quantization (FCVQ), operates in two stages: a 'fine' structured VQ followed by a table lookup 'coarse' unstructured VQ. Its rate, distortion, arithmetic complexity, and storage are investigated using analytical and experimental means. Optimality condition and an optimizing algorithm are presented. The results of experiments with both uniform scalar quantization and tree-structured VQ (TSVQ) as the first stage are reported. Comparisons are made with other fast approaches to vector quantization, especially TSVQ. It is found that when rate, distortion, arithmetic complexity, and storage are all taken into account, FCVQ outperforms TSVQ in a number of cases. In comparison to full search quantization, FCVQ has much lower arithmetic complexity, at the expense of a slight increase in distortion and a substantial increase in storage. The increase in mean-squared error (over full search) decays as a negative power of the available storage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fatigue behavior of a thermally-activated NiTiNb SMA-FRP patch (2015)

This paper presents the details of an experimental study that was conducted to characterize the fatigue behavior of a thermally-activated shape memory alloy (SMA)/carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) patch that can be used to repair cracked steel members. A total of 14 thermally-activated patches were fabricated and tested to evaluate the stability of the prestress under fatigue loading. The parameters considered in this study are the prestress level in the nickel–titanium–niobium SMA wires and the applied force range. An empirical model to predict the degradation of the prestress is also presented. The results indicate that patches for which the maximum applied loads in a fatigue cycle did not cause debonding of the SMA wires from the CFRP sustained two million loading cycles with less than 20% degradation of the prestress.
High-efficiency Ka band microwave monolithic integrated circuit frequency tripler using lumped-element balun (2011)

This work describes a lumped-element balun for use in a miniature, coplanar waveguide frequency tripler pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor microwave monolithic integrated circuit. The measurement results of the balun show a 1-dB gain balance and a 10 degrees phase balance from 11.6 to 13 GHz. It was used in the design of a 36-GHz monolithic tripler at the input port. A resonant inductor and capacitor (LC) filter was used to eliminate the fundamental frequency and a phase delay line was employed to enhance the third harmonic in the tripler. At 36 GHz, the tripler achieved as minimum conversion loss of 6.7 dB at an input power of 13 dBm; the suppressions of the fundamental and second harmonic frequencies were 24 and 27 dB, respectively.
Mechanisms Underlying Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus (2001)

Incubation of endothelial cells in vitro with high concentrations of glucose activates protein kinase C (PKC) and increases nitric oxide synthase (NOS III) gene expression as well as superoxide production. The underlying mechanisms remain unknown. To address this issue in an in vivo model, diabetes was induced with streptozotocin in rats. Streptozotocin treatment led to endothelial dysfunction and increased vascular superoxide production, as assessed by lucigenin- and coelenterazine-derived chemiluminescence. The bioavailability of vascular nitric oxide (as measured by electron spin resonance) was reduced in diabetic aortas, although expression of endothelial NOS III (mRNA and protein) was markedly increased. NOS inhibition with N:(G)-nitro-L-arginine increased superoxide levels in control vessels but reduced them in diabetic vessels, identifying NOS as a superoxide source. Similarly, we found an activation of the NADPH oxidase and a 7-fold increase in gp91(phox) mRNA in diabetic vessels. In vitro PKC inhibition with chelerythrine reduced vascular superoxide in diabetic vessels, whereas it had no effect on superoxide levels in normal vessels. In vivo PKC inhibition with N:-benzoyl-staurosporine did not affect glucose levels in diabetic rats but prevented NOS III gene upregulation and NOS-mediated superoxide production, thereby restoring vascular nitric oxide bioavailability and endothelial function. The reduction of superoxide in vitro by chelerythrine and the normalization of NOS III gene expression and reduction of superoxide in vivo by N:-benzoyl-staurosporine point to a decisive role of PKC in mediating these phenomena and suggest a therapeutic potential of PKC inhibitors in the prevention or treatment of vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
Interaction of Ni(II) Complex of Thiaxanthone with DNA (2008)

Abstract A Ni(II) complex of thiaxanthon‐2‐yl‐oxyacetate (NiL 2 , L=thiaxanthon‐2‐yl‐oxyacetate) has been synthesized and characterized by IR, DTA‐TG and elemental analysis methods. The interaction of the Ni(II) complex of thiaxanthone with DNA has been studied by agarose gel electrophoresis, UV‐Vis absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and cyclic voltammetry methods. The result of agarose gel electrophoresis suggested that the complex can cleave the plasmid DNA at physiological pH and temperature when the concentration is lower than 0.2 mmol·L −1 . And it was found that the Ni(II) complex could more effectively promote the cleavage of plasmid DNA than other transition metal complexes. The result of UV‐Vis absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism and cyclic voltammetry indicated that the complex bound to ct‐DNA mainly in an intercalating mode.
Regulation of NR4A nuclear receptor expression by oncogenic BRAF in melanoma cells (2011)

Activating mutations in the MAPK pathway effectors, NRAS or BRAF, are detected in over 70% of melanomas. Accordingly, the identification of downstream targets of constitutive MAPK signalling in melanoma represents a major goal in understanding the genesis of this disease. We report here the regulation of members of the NR4A family of nuclear receptors by the BRAF-MEK-ERK cascade in melanoma cells. Expression profiling of melanoma cells in which both the NR4A1 and NR4A2 family members have been down-regulated by siRNA revealed alterations in genes associated with proliferation, survival and invasiveness of tumour cells. Notably, the up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway antagonists, DACT1 and CITED1, following NR4A1/2 ablation suggests a possible link between NR4A and β-catenin activity in melanoma cells. Taken together, these data suggest that dysregulation of NR4A nuclear receptors expression and function by the MAPK pathway may contribute to melanoma tumourigenicity.