gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glaucomatous visual field damage. Luminance and color-contrast sensitivities. (1990)

Using a modified Humphrey perimeter, we evaluated 16 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma and visual field loss (defects 0.5-3.0 log units in depth), and 14 normal eyes. Each eye was tested twice in random order with conventional luminance-increment static perimetry and with the perimeter modified to produce a high-luminance yellow adapting background and a blue test stimulus. The background was a broad-spectrum light of 500 nm and above (yellow), while the stimulus was a broad-spectrum light of 500 nm and below (blue). Paired comparisons were made between conventional and blue/yellow sensitivities for every point examined (1184 points in 16 diseased eyes and 1036 points in 14 normal eyes). Defect depths were determined by using the age-corrected norms distributed in the Humphrey Statpac software. In glaucomatous eyes, blue/yellow sensitivity showed greater impairment than did conventional perimetric sensitivity, in which defect depths were less than 1.0 log unit. However, for defects greater than 1.0 log unit in depth, conventional perimetric sensitivity and blue/yellow sensitivity showed equivalent degrees of damage. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the ability of blue/yellow and of conventional perimetry in distinguishing between glaucomatous and normal eyes. Results indicated that although blue/yellow color-contrast perimetry may be more sensitive for the detection of incipient glaucomatous damage, in the manifest stages of visual field damage blue/yellow color-contrast perimetry is no more sensitive than is conventional (luminance-increment) perimetry for defining the extent of glaucomatous visual field defects.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces antiapoptotic and proapoptotic signals in acute myeloid leukemia (2003)

Abstract High levels of cytokines are associated with a poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, cytokines may induce, on one hand, survival factor expression and cell proliferation and, on the other hand, expression of inhibitory signals such as up-regulation of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) and induce apoptotic cell death. Because blasts from patients with AML express high procaspase protein levels, we asked whether granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances procaspase protein production in AML cells. In the GM-CSF–responsive OCIM2 AML cell line, GM-CSF induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat 5) phosphorylation, up-regulated cyclin D2, and stimulated cell cycle progression. Concurrently, GM-CSF stimulated expression of SOCS-2 and -3 and of procaspases 2 and 3 and induced caspase 3 activation, poly(ADP[adenosine 5′-diphosphate]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and apoptotic cell death. The Janus kinase (Jak)–Stat inhibitor AG490 abrogated GM-CSF–induced expression of procaspase 3 and activation of caspase 3. Under the same conditions GM-CSF up-regulated production of BAX as well as Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, survivin, and XIAP. GM-CSF also increased procaspase 3 protein levels in OCI/AML3 and Mo7e cells, suggesting that this phenomenon is not restricted to a single leukemia cell line. Our data suggest that GM-CSF exerts a dual effect: it stimulates cell division but contemporaneously up-regulates Jak-Stat–dependent proapoptotic proteins. Up-regulation of procaspase levels in AML is thus a beacon for an ongoing growth-stimulatory signal.
Conserved expression of the GPR151 receptor in habenular axonal projections of vertebrates (2014)

ABSTRACT The habenula is a phylogenetically conserved brain structure in the epithalamus. It is a major node in the information flow between fronto‐limbic brain regions and monoaminergic brainstem nuclei, and is thus anatomically and functionally ideally positioned to regulate emotional, motivational, and cognitive behaviors. Consequently, the habenula may be critically important in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders such as addiction and depression. Here we investigated the expression pattern of GPR151, a G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR), whose mRNA has been identified as highly and specifically enriched in habenular neurons by in situ hybridization and translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP). In the present immunohistochemical study we demonstrate a pronounced and highly specific expression of the GPR151 protein in the medial and lateral habenula of rodent brain. Specific expression was also seen in efferent habenular fibers projecting to the interpeduncular nucleus, the rostromedial tegmental area, the rhabdoid nucleus, the mesencephalic raphe nuclei, and the dorsal tegmental nucleus. Using confocal microscopy and quantitative colocalization analysis, we found that GPR151‐expressing axons and terminals overlap with cholinergic, substance P‐ergic, and glutamatergic markers. Virtually identical expression patterns were observed in rat, mouse, and zebrafish brains. Our data demonstrate that GPR151 is highly conserved, specific for a subdivision of the habenular neurocircuitry, and constitutes a promising novel target for psychiatric drug development. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:359–380, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interfacial reactions of Ni on Si1−xGex (x=0.2, 0.3) at low temperature by rapid thermal annealing (2002)

The interfacial reaction of Ni with relaxed Si1−xGex (x=0.2,0.3) films in the low temperature range, viz., 300–500 °C, has been investigated and compared with that of Ni with Si (i.e., x=0). Ni2(Si1−xGex) and Ni3(Si1−xGex)2 were observed at 300 °C whereas a uniform film of Ni(Si1−xGex) was formed at 400 °C for both Si0.8Ge0.2 and Si0.7Ge0.3 substrates. At 500 °C, a mixed layer consisting of Ni(Si1−yGey) and Si1−zGez was formed with a relation of z&amp;gt;x&amp;gt;y. Sheet resistance measurement results show that the silicided film attains its lowest value at an annealing temperature of 400 °C. The approximate values of the resistivity of the corresponding uniform Ni(Si1−xGex) (x=0.2, 0.3) derived from the transmission electron microscope and sheet resistance results are 19 and 23 μΩ cm, respectively.
PERFORMANCE OF A SOLAR PANEL WITH WATER IMMERSION COOLING TECHNIQUE (2014)

Abstract: With the increase in surface temperature of solar cells or panels their efficiency decreases quite dramatically. To overcome the heating of solar cell surface, water immersion cooling technique can be used i.e. it can be submerged in water so as to maintain its surface temperature and provide better efficiency at extreme temperatures. In this study, electrical parameters of solar cell were calculated which showed that the cooling factor plays an important role in the electrical efficiency enhancement. Solar cell immersed in water was monitored under real climatic conditions, cell surface temperature can be controlled from 31-39 C. Electrical performance of cell increases up to great extent. Results are dicussed; panel efficiency has increased about 17.8 % at water depth 1cm. The study can give support to the Concentrated Photovolatics System by submerging the solar cells in different mediums.
Interfacial Reactivity Benchmarking of the Sodium Ion Conductors Na3PS4 and Sodium β-Alumina for Protected Sodium Metal Anodes and Sodium All-Solid-State Batteries (2016)

The interfacial stability of solid electrolytes at the electrodes is crucial for an application of all-solid-state batteries and protected electrodes. For instance, undesired reactions between sodium metal electrodes and the solid electrolyte form charge transfer hindering interphases. Due to the resulting large interfacial resistance, the charge transfer kinetics are altered and the overvoltage increases, making the interfacial stability of electrolytes the limiting factor in these systems. Driven by the promising ionic conductivities of Na<sub>3</sub>PS<sub>4</sub>, here we explore the stability and viability of Na<sub>3</sub>PS<sub>4</sub> as a solid electrolyte against metallic Na and compare it to that of Na-β″-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (sodium β-alumina). As expected, Na-β″-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is stable against sodium, whereas Na<sub>3</sub>PS<sub>4</sub> decomposes with an increasing overall resistance, making Na-β″-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> the electrolyte of choice for protected sodium anodes and all-solid-state batteries.
VLSI Design for Low-Density Parity-Check Code Decoding (2011)

Low-Density Parity-check (LDPC) code, being one of the most promising near-Shannon limit error correction codes (ECCs) in practice, has attracted tremendous attention in both academia and industry since its rediscovery in middle 1990's. Owning excellent coding gain, LDPC code also has very low error floor, and inherent parallizable decoding schemes. Compared to other ECCs such as Turbo codes, BCH codes and RS codes, LDPC code has many more varieties in code construction, which result in various optimum decoding architectures associated with different structures of the parity-check matrix. In this work, we first provide an overview of typical LDPC code structures and commonly-used LDPC decoding algorithms. We then discuss efficient VLSI architectures for random-like codes and structured LDPC codes. We further present layered decoding schemes and corresponding VLSI architectures. Finally we briefly address non-binary LDPC decoding and multi-rate LDPC decoder design.
Studies of de Novo Flower Initiation from Thin Cell Layers of Tobacco (1985)

Abstract The potential for in vitro floral photoinduction of epidermal and subepidermal thin cell layers (TCLs) taken from the short-day plant Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘Maryland Mammoth’, the long-day plant Nicotiana sylvestris L., and the day-neutral plant Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘Samsun’, in both the floral and vegetative states, was examined. Whether cultured under long days (16 hr) or short (8 hr), only TCLs from the flowering day-neutral species flowered in vitro. These were termed responsive TCLs. TCLs from photoperiodic plants yielded only vegetative buds; these were termed nonresponsive. Vegetative bud formation in nonflowering TCLs generally was greater than in flowering TCLs but did not approach the number of flower buds on flowering TCLs. In vitro grafts of responsive TCLs to nonresponsive TCLs resulted in flowering only in the responsive portion, regardless of the position of the graft. Just as the nonresponsive TCLs were not induced to flower by some graft-transmissible substance, responsive TCLS were not inhibited from flowering when grafted to nonresponsive TCLs.
Diffractions for arbitrary source-receiver locations (1977)

Abstract The author's earlier diffraction paper (Trorey, 1970) for coincident source and receiver locations is extended to the case of arbitrary source and receiver locations. The extension requires no additional assumptions and, as in the earlier paper, is in closed form suitable for calculations. The new results permit modeling of normal-moveout effects and can thus, for example, be used to study migration before and after common-depth-point stacking as well as to study common-depth-point stacking itself. In general, the point source/receiver response of an arbitrary subsurface with arbitrary source/receiver locations can be calculated.
Multicore Optical Fibers for Multi-band Laser and Amplifier (2014)

We report the fabrication and characterisation of rare-earth-doped multicore optical fiber with the aim to develop multi-band optical fiber laser sources and amplifiers to exploit future novel multicore fiber laser and amplifiers.
Synaptic proteins and receptors defects in autism spectrum disorders (2014)

Recent studies have found that hundreds of genetic variants, including common and rare variants, rare and de novo mutations, and common polymorphisms contribute to the occurrence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The mutations in a number of genes such as neurexin, neuroligin, postsynaptic density protein 95, SH3, and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3), synapsin, gephyrin, cadherin, and protocadherin, thousand-and-one-amino acid 2 kinase, and contactin, have been shown to play important roles in the development and function of synapses. In addition, synaptic receptors, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors and glutamate receptors, have also been associated with ASDs. This review will primarily focus on the defects of synaptic proteins and receptors associated with ASDs and their roles in the pathogenesis of ASDs via synaptic pathways.
Technical Note: Stress Corrosion Cracking of X-52 Carbon Steel in Dilute Aqueous Solutions (1994)

Slow strain rate tests of cold-worked X-52 carbon (C) steel showed stress corrosion cracking (SCC) could be induced in dilute aqueous sulfate solutions at 50°C. The crack growth rate was of the same order of magnitude reported previously for carbonated solutions. Cracking susceptibility increased for potentials more anodic and more cathodic than the corrosion potential (Ecorr) measured in deaerated solution. Transgranular cracking was observed in pH 6.2 solutions and at Ecorr in pH 8 solutions.
Patterns of Congestion Collapse (2003)

In this paper we consider the potential for congestion collapse in a range of network scenarios. In particular, we are interested in the effect of the topology, the scheduling discipline (FIFO or FQ scheduling), the level of statistical multiplexing, the traffic characteristics, and other factors. We consider topologies more complex than a single congested link, or a single string of congested links. This paper first shows that it is possible to have high equilibrium loss rates with rational greedy senders sharing a FIFO link or with greedy senders sharing an FQ link with bursty cross-traffic. We then consider specific topologies with a range of senders to calculate steady-state packet loss rates and derive the goodput of the congested links. In particular, we find some scenarios where goodput is higher with FQ scheduling, and other scenarios where goodput is higher with FIFO scheduling.
Zum Reaktionsverhalten des SeCl3+‐Kations gegenüber PH3 (1994)

Abstract {[SeP][AlCl 4 ]} n wird in nahezu quantitativer Ausbeute durch Reaktion von [SeCl 3 ][AlCl 4 ] mit PH 3 in flüssigem Phosphorwasserstoff als Lösungsmittel erhalten. Die neue SelenPhosphor‐Verbindung ist bei Raumtemperatur stabil, allerdings empfindlich gegenüber Druck und mechanischer Belastung und besitzt nach dem IR‐Spektrum einen polymeren Aufbau.
Flushing and Plasma Substance P Concentration during Infusion of Synthetic Substance P in Normal Man (1986)

Six normal subjects received synthetic substance P intravenously in successively increasing doses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 pmol X kg-1 X min-1. Each dose was given for 20 min. Concentrations of substance P in plasma and infusions were measured radioimmunochemically. The incremental plasma concentration of substance P correlated linearly to the dose infused. Metabolic clearance rate was 0.361 X kg-1 X min-1, and the half-life of exogenous substance P 1.6 min. Lacrimation and sustained flushing were elicited at plasma concentrations above normal range. Transient flushing in spite of continued infusion was seen at 'physiological' levels. Pulse rate and blood pressure did not change significantly.
Fat Inhibits Meal-Stimulated Gastric Acid Secretion after Prostaglandin Synthesis Inhibition by Indomethacin in Man (1987)

The effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition by indomethacin on the mechanism by which fat inhibits gastric acid secretion was studied in eight healthy men. Oral 200-mg doses of indomethacin administered 15 h and 2 h before testing is known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by 90%, as determined by prostaglandin E2 generation assay on endoscopically obtained gastric mucosal biopsy specimens. Fat-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion was evaluated by intragastric administration of 200 ml vegetable oil or glucose (control) for 30 min, followed by intragastric titration with peptone at pH 5.5 for 2 h. The mean acid output was significantly lower after fat (8 +/- 0.2 mmol 30 min-1) as compared with control (12 +/- 0.5 mmol 30 min-1). The fat-induced inhibition was unaffected by indomethacin treatment, and the plasma gastrin responses were similar in all groups. It is concluded that the participation of cyclooxygenase products such as prostaglandins in the mechanisms by which fat inhibits the gastric phase of acid secretion in man is likely to be minor.
Über Vinyl‐pyrazolonaphthochinone, II (1972)

Abstract Durch Addition von Vinyldiazomethan an Naphthazarin und Juglon werden polymerisations‐fähige, zur Chelatbildung befähigte Vinyl‐pyrazolonaphthochinone ( 1 – 4 ) dargestellt. Die Struktur der am Pyrazolring N ‐substituierten Derivate ( 5 – 10 ) wird durch Deutung der IR‐und NMR‐Spektren möglich.
Synthesis of N‐acyl amino acids and correlation of structure with surfactant properties of their sodium salts (1990)

The effect of structural variation in fatty acid and amino acid moieties on surfactant properties of sodium salts of N‐acyl condensates of amino acids was investigated. Pure N‐acyl leucines and N‐lauroyl condensates of different amino acids were synthesized and neutralized. Among the N‐acyl leucinates, N‐lauroyl leucinate exhibited optimum properties and compared well with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). Among the salts of Nα‐lauroyl amino acids, Nα‐lauroyl lysinate was found comparable to SLS. Salts of Nα‐lauroyl condensates of leucine, tryptophan, phenylalanine and proline showed good wetting ability; proline also displayed high calcium ion tolerance. Salts of N‐lauroyl tyrosine and phenylalanine exhibited good foaming ability. N‐Lauroyl aspartate showed inferior properties compared to SLS in spite of having an additional carboxylic group.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Allylsilanes with Iminium Salts: Ene Reactions with Inverse Electron Demand. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Elastase-like Activity Is Dominant to Chymotrypsin-like Activity in 20S Proteasome’s β5 Catalytic Subunit (2016)

The ubiquitin/proteasome system is the major protein degradation pathway in eukaryotes with several key catalytic cores. Targeting the β5 subunit with small-molecule inhibitors is an established therapeutic strategy for hematologic cancers. Herein, we report a mouse-trap-like conformational change that influences molecular recognition depending on the substitution pattern of a bound ligand. Variation of the size of P1 residues from the highly β5-selective proteasome inhibitor BSc2118 allows for discrimination between inhibitory strength and substrate conversion. We found that increasing molecular size strengthens inhibition, whereas decreasing P1 size accelerates substrate conversion. Evaluation of substrate hydrolysis after silencing of β5 activity reveals significant residual activity for large residues exclusively. Thus, classification of the β5 subunit as chymotrypsin-like and the use of the standard tyrosine-containing substrate should be reconsidered.
Evaluation of burst release and sustained release of pioglitazone-loaded fibrous mats on diabetic wound healing: an in vitro and in vivo comparison study (2020)

In order to provide more effective treatment strategies for the rapid healing of diabetic wounds, novel therapeutic approaches need to be developed. The therapeutic potential of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist pioglitazone hydrochloride (PHR) in two different release kinetic scenarios, burst release and sustained release, was investigated and compared with <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> tests as potential wound healing dressings. PHR-loaded fibrous mats were successfully fabricated using polyvinyl-pyrrolidone and polycaprolactone by scalable pressurized gyration. The results indicated that PHR-loaded fibrous mats expedited diabetic wound healing in type-1 diabetic rats and did not show any cytotoxic effect on NIH/3T3 (mouse embryo fibroblast) cells, albeit with different release kinetics and efficacies. The wound healing effects of fibrous mats are presented with histological and biochemical evaluations. PHR-loaded fibrous mats improved neutrophil infiltration, oedema, and inflammation and increased epidermal regeneration and fibroblast proliferation, but the formation of hair follicles and completely improved oedema were observed only in the sustained release form. Thus, topical administration of PPAR-γ agonist in sustained release form has high potential for the treatment of diabetic wounds in inflammatory and proliferative phases of healing with high bioavailability and fewer systemic side effects.
Identification of synchronous machine by Standstill Frequency Response (SSFR) method - influence of the stator resistance - (2010)

Development and success of Standstill Frequency Response method (SSFR) seen in recent years compared to other methods for parameter identification of electric machines in general and synchronous machines in particular, are well known. Nevertheless, certain problems and disadvantages are always problematic. Such that the error at low frequencies and the difficulty of measuring the stator resistance in direct current. In this paper, we propose a method to identify machine parameters using output error method and we highlight the influence of stator resistance value in the identification procedure of the synchronous machine parameters and precision from SSFR method.
Thymectomy in Pemphigus Foliaceus: A Thirty-Year Observation (2020)

Myasthenia gravis is an archetypal human autoimmune disease. Thymectomy is proven effective by controlled clinical trials, and is commonly part of the immunotherapeutic approach when myasthenia creates generalized weakness. Pemphigus foliaceus is also autoimmune but treated medically; and thymectomy is not part of therapy unless thymoma is discovered. Autoimmune mechanisms, age distribution, and response to therapy in autoimmune disorders are likely to be different with thymoma. The concurrence of generalized myasthenia with disfiguring pemphigus foliaceus in one young patient but without thymoma offered a natural experiment to assess immunologic antibody responsiveness postoperatively, and observe more than a quarter of a century of clinical remission of both following total thymectomy surgery.
TAPIR (compacT and modulAr Power modules with IntegRated cooling) Technology: Goals and Challenges (2021)

This paper deals with a new compact and modular technology for power module, with integrated cooling to reduce the global weight/volume of power converters by optimizing the volume of the heat sink. It is based on the modular assembly of elementary switching cells. First the technology is introduced by only focusing on thermal aspects. Then the multiphysics design of elementary switching cells is described. Finally, various aspects concerning the fabrication and design of global power modules are discussed.
Nanoscale crack initiation and propagation in carbon fiber/epoxy composites using synchrotron: 3D image data (2020)

Crack initiation and propagation in carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) was observed <i>in situ</i> under the application of an opening load using nanoscopic synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography (nanoscopic SR X-CT) at a high spatial resolution of ∼50 nm. Two datasets of reconstructed and segmented images were produced in typical regions, namely in the thin and thick epoxy regions where the resin thickness between the adjacent carbon fibers was small and large, respectively. This novel study presents the first non-destructive three-dimensional (3D) visualization of resin deformation behavior around crack tips, and provides a valuable and unique insight for the future design of CFRPs.