gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Our Latin American Policy: A Documentary Record. By James W. Gantenbein. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1950. Pp. xxvii, 979. $12.50.) (1951)

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FABRICATION OF SUB-MICRON METAL WIRES FOR HIGH-FREQUENCY LITZ WIRE (2018)

At GHz frequencies and above, ohmic losses associated with m-scale skin depth limit the maximum quality factor, Q, that can be achieved in inductors. We demonstrate fabrication of sub-micron diameter wires over centimeter-scale lengths from a wide variety of materials including copper, gold, and platinum/palladium. By depositing metal and dielectric materials onto a high-strength nanofiber scaffold, we have made conducting wires, insulated conducting wires, and coaxial multilayer structures. Additionally, we have demonstrated the ability to manipulate sub-micron wires into ordered, twisted bundles while maintaining electrical properties.
Applications of solid-state memristors in tunable filters (2014)

In this paper we present a practical approach to employ solid-state TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> memristors as tunable loads in filter configurations. First, memristive devices are employed in discrete realizations of tunable active filter topologies. Using an external programming circuit to set the devices to a desired memristive state enables control of the filter's characteristics, namely passband boundaries and quality factor. Utilization of a memristor as a tunable load in low-pass and band-pass filter topologies is then experimentally demonstrated. We further expand this concept by demonstrating an amplitude-controlled gain amplifier topology. In this topology, instead of using external control circuitry to set the memristive state, the state is set internally during operation, providing an automatic gain control.
Survey of Collision Avoidance and Ranging Sensors for Mobile Robots. Revision 1 (1992)

The past few years have brought about a tremendous rise in the envisioned potential of robotic systems and a significant increase in the number of proposed applications. In the nonindustrial arena, numerous programs have evolved, each intending to harness some of this promise in hopes of solving some particular application need. Many of these efforts are government sponsored, aimed at the development of systems for fighting fires, handling ammunition, transporting materials, conducting underwater search and inspection operations, and patrolling warehouses and storage areas, etc. Many of the resulting prototypes, which were initially perceived as logical extensions of the traditional industrial robotic scenarios, have met with unexpected difficulty due to an insufficient supporting technology base. This document provides some basic background on the various noncontact distance measurement techniques available, with related discussion of implementation in the acoustical, optical, and electromagnetic portions of the energy spectrum. An overview of candidate systems, both commercially available and under development, is provided; followed by a brief summary of research currently underway in support of the collision avoidance and noncontact ranging needs of a mobile robot. Robotics, Sensors, Artificial intelligence, Security.
Degradation Effects at the Porous Transport Layer/Catalyst Layer Interface in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer (2023)

The porous transport layer (PTL)/catalyst layer (CL) interface plays a crucial role in the achievement of high performance and efficiency in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). This study investigated the effects of the PTL/CL interface on the degradation of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) during a 4000 h test, comparing the MEAs assembled with uncoated and Ir-coated Ti PTLs. Our results show that compared to an uncoated PTL/CL interface, an optimized interface formed when using a platinum group metal (PGM) coating, i.e., an iridium layer at the PTL/CL interface, and reduced the degradation of the MEA. The agglomeration and formation of voids and cracks could be found for both MEAs after the long-term test, but the incorporation of an Ir coating on the PTL did not affect the morphology change or oxidation of IrO x in the catalyst layer. In addition, our studies suggest that the ionomer loss and restructuring of the anodic MEA can also be reduced by Ir coating of the PTL/CL interface. Optimization of the PTL/CL interface improves the performance and durability of a PEMWE.
Multiple bit error correction for high data rate aerospace applications (2013)

With the continuous decrease in the minimum feature size and increase in the chip density due to technology scaling on-chip memories are becoming increasingly susceptible to multi-bit soft errors due to single or multiple event upsets caused by environmental factors such as cosmic rays, neutrons particles. The increase in multi-bit errors could lead to higher risk of data corruption and even catastrophic disasters in aerospace applications. Traditionally the memories have been protected from soft errors using error detection/correction codes. The traditional Hamming code with SEC-DED capability cannot address these type of errors. It is possible to use powerful non-binary BCH codes such as Reed-Solomon code to address multiple bit errors, However, it could take several cycles of latency to complete such algorithms and run at relatively slow speed. We investigate the possibility of using Reed Muller (RM) codes to address multiple bit errors in. high speed on board aerospace applications in this paper. Comparison with traditional techniques shows improved speed power performance. Specifically with its importance in applications as a 3 bit error correcting, self dual code a RM(2, 5) of dimension 16 and length 32 is implemented in a flash based FPGA, which is much more resistant to Single Event Upsets(SEUs) in comparison to SRAM based FPGAs for onboard applications.
Reusing the IEEE 1500 design for test infrastructure for security monitoring of Systems-on-Chip (2014)

Systems-on-chip (SoCs) are vulnerable to attacks by malicious software and hardware trojans. This work explores if the Design for Test (DfT) infrastructure in SoCs can tackle these security threats with minimum hardware overhead. We show that the observability and plug-and-play features of the IEEE 1500 DfT can be used for scalable security monitoring in SoCs. Existing SoC security countermeasures can reuse the DfT-based security architecture to detect software and hardware attacks. The proposed DfT reuse imposes negligible hardware and performance overheads and doesn't require modifications to the SoC.
Effect of High-Flux Dialysis on Circulating FGF-23 Levels in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: Results from a Randomized Trial (2015)

German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00007612.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of toluene and dichlorobenzene vapors using 1-propanethiol-linked Ag nanoparticles (2014)

We have detected the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals of toluene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (ODCB) vapors at parts per million concentrations using 1-propanethiol-linked Ag nanoparticles and a fiber optics–coupled Raman spectrograph. Calibration curves were constructed for each detector by plotting Raman band intensity ratios of toluene and ODCB with respect to that of 1-propanethiol as a function of vapor concentration. The detectors showed effective vapor sensing ranges of 0.6 to 600 and 10 to 600 ppm for toluene and ODCB, respectively, following vapor adsorption to the SERS hot spots. We provide evidence for the facility of the SERS detection system for instantaneously discriminating and quantifying respective vapors from a composite vapor.
Reactions of proteins with oxidizing lipids (1985)

The consequences of reactions between protein and oxidizing lipids on the nutritional quality of food proteins have been investigated using a whey protein-methyl linolenate-water model system. In rat assays, significant reductions were observed in protein efficiency ratio, net protein ratio, net protein utilization, biological value and true nitrogen digestibility, especially when the reaction had taken place at high moisture content, high temperature and in the presence of excess oxygen. The losses of bioavailable lysine and tryptophan as measured by rat assays followed a similar pattern. The chemical value of each amino acid multiplied by the true N digestibility closely resembled the rat assay value. In general, the reaction products of lysine and tryptophan formed during lipid oxidation were biologically unavailable. The bioavailabilities of methionine and of 'methionine plus cyst(e)ine' were determined in separate assays. Cyst(e)ine was calculated as 'methionine plus cyst(e)ine' minus methionine. In whey protein which had reacted with oxidizing methyl linolenate, the bioavailable methionine content was not significantly reduced even though 82% of the methionine residues were present as methionine sulphoxide. In hydrogen peroxide-treated casein in which all methionine residues were oxidized to the sulphoxide, methionine sulphoxide was found to be 96% as utilizable as a methionine source to the rat. Free methionine sulphoxide was 87% utilizable. Cyst(e)ine appeared to be as sensitive as lysine to reactions with lipid oxidation products. In whey protein which had reacted with oxidizing methyl linolenate, the bioavailabilities of cyst(e)ine, lysine, tryptophan and methionine were reduced by 28, 24, 11 and 8% respectively and true N digestibility by 9%. These results are discussed in relation to food products.
Advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for structural applications (2013)

New beam design using filament winding 8.
SAGA-associated Sgf73p facilitates formation of the preinitiation complex assembly at the promoters either in a HAT-dependent or independent manner in vivo (2006)

Although Sgf73p, a yeast homologue of human Sca7p, has recently been implicated as a new component of Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA), its association with SAGA and functional role in regulation of transcription remain unknown in vivo. Here, using a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, we show in vivo that, like SAGA, Sgf73p is recruited to the upstream activating sequence (UAS) of a SAGA-dependent gene, GAL1, in an activator-dependent manner. Further, Sgf73p is required for recruitment of SAGA to the GAL1 UAS, and facilitates formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) assembly at the GAL1 promoter. When PIC is not formed in Deltasgf73, histone H3 is not evicted from the GAL1 promoter. Interestingly, PIC formation at GAL1 is not regulated by histone H3 acetylation or histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity of SAGA. Similarly, Sgf73p facilitates PIC formation at another SAGA-dependent gene, ADH1, independent of histone H3 acetylation or HAT. In contrast, Sgf73p stimulates PIC formation at PHO84 (a SAGA-dependent gene), in a HAT-dependent-manner. Collectively, our data reveal that Sgf73p is required for SAGA recruitment, and stimulates PIC formation either in a HAT-dependent or -independent manner, providing significant information on how Sgf73p and possibly human Sca7p function physiologically.
Abstract C32: Gene expression analysis of myeloma cells resistant and sensitive to bortezomib. (2011)

Abstract Purpose: The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has shown impressive clinical activity alone and in combination with conventional and other novel agents for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Although bortezomib is known to be a selective proteasome inhibitor, the downstream mechanisms of cytotoxicity and drug resistance are poorly understood. However, resistance to bortezomib as a single agent develops in the majority of patients, and activity in other malignancies has been less impressive. To elucidate mechanisms of bortezomib resistance and find the way to overcome bortezomib resistance, we compared differential gene expression profiles of bortezomib-resistant IM-9 and bortezomib-sensitive IM-9 multiple myeloma cell lines in response to bortezomib. Methods: The differential gene expression profiles of bortezomib-resistant IM-9 and bortezomib-sensitive IM-9 multiple myeloma cell lines in response to bortezomib was performed using Affymetrix GeneChip. To confirm the results, real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed. Results: At concentrations that effectively inhibited proteasome activity (maximum dose with 100nM), bortezomib induced cell death in bortezomib-sensitive IM-9 cells, but not in bortezomib-resistant IM-9. In comparison of differential gene expression profiles between bortezomib-resistant IM-9 and bortezomib-sensitive IM-9 cells, we showed overexpression of KDM3A and KDM5B, which are associated with chromatin-mediated reversible drug-tolerant state, Moreover, CD200, CD69, and IGF1R, which are associated with cancer stem cells, were overexpressed in bortezomib-resistant IM-9. Conclusion: Histone lysine-specific demethylase inhibitors as combination with bortezomib may be useful for overcoming bortezomib-resistance. Moreover, cancer stem cell antigen such as CD200, CD69, and IGF1R may also become molecular targets against bortezomib-resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C32.
Radio-over-Fiber Systems for Wireless Communications (2011)

In recent years, considerable attention has been devoted to the merging of Radio over Fiber (RoF) technologies with millimeter-wave-band signal distribution. This sort of systems have great potential to support secure, cost-effective, and high-capacity vehicular/mobile/wireless access for the future provisioning of broadband, interactive, and multimedia services over wireless media. Current trends in cellular networks are (1) reduction of the cell size to accommodate more users and (2) operation in the microwave/millimeter-wave (mm-wave, 26-100 GHz) frequency bands to avoid spectral congestion in lower frequency bands (2.4 or 5 GHz). The larger radio frequency (RF) propagation losses at mm-wave bands reduce the cell size covered by a single base station (BS) and allow an increased frequency reuse factor to improve the spectrum utilization efficiency. On the other hand, this type of network demands a large number of BSs to cover a service area, and cost effective BSs are the key to success in the market place. Thus, a stable and cost effective BSs should be designed with simple and effective architecture. In general, there are three possible techniques to transport the mmwave wireless signals over the optical fiber 1) RF-over-fiber, 2) Intermediate Frequency (IF)-over-fiber, and 3) Base band-over-fiber. Amongst the schemes, the RF-over-fiber transport scheme has the potential to simplify BS design. However, one of its major drawbacks is the requirement for high-speed optical components and modulation and detection techniques. This requirement has led to the development of system architectures where functions such as signal routing/processing, handover, and frequency allocation are carried out at a centralized station (CS), rather than at the BS. This paper reviews extensively recent patents related to RoF communication systems for wireless communications. It is expected that with this exhaustive review, many researchers and developers will be encouraged to investigate even further and develop newer topologies and systems for the use of RoF for broadband radio, expanding this knowledge in the advent of newer services and applications likely to be deployed in the near future. Keywords: Millimeter-wave-band signal, radio over fiber, wireless communication, Radio-over-Fiber Systems, CENTRALIZED STATION, High Speed External Modulators, Polymer Optical Fibers, Optical Spectra Usage, WDM Optical Interfaces
Multidimensional Constellations for Uplink SCMA Systems—A Comparative Study (2019)

Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is a class of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) that is proposed to support uplink machine-type communication services. In an SCMA system, designing multidimensional constellation plays an important role in the performance of the system. Since the behavior of multidimensional constellations highly depends on the type of the channel, it is crucial to employ a constellation that is suitable for a certain application. In this paper, we first highlight and review the key performance indicators (KPIs) of multidimensional constellations that should be considered in their design process for various channel scenarios. We then provide a survey on the known multidimensional constellations in the context of SCMA systems with their design criteria. The performance of some of those constellations are evaluated for uncoded, high-rate, and low-rate LTE turbo-coded SCMA systems under different channel conditions through extensive simulations. All turbo-coded comparisons are performed for bit-interleaved coded modulation, with a concatenated detection and decoding scheme. Simulation results confirm that multidimensional constellations that satisfy KPIs of a certain channel scenario outperform others. Moreover, the bit error rate performance of uncoded systems, and the performance of the coded systems are coupled to their bit-labeling. The performance of the systems also remarkably depends on the behavior of the multiuser detector at different signal-to-noise ratio regions.
Clinical Analysis of Patients with Ruptured Saccular Aneurysms at the VA-PICA Junction (1995)

Many patients with ruptured saccular aneurysms at the vertebral artery (VA)-posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) junction generally have a good prognosis after surgical intervention. Morbidity, which is mainly due to postoperative cranial nerve dysfunction and cerebral vasospasm, however, is not so favorable, because of VA-PICA aneurysms exist adjacent to cranial nerves and brain stem.We analyzed the prognostic factors, that is, operative complications and cerebral vasospasm in 23 patients with VA-PICA aneurysms. All patients had suffered from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Nineteen patients underwent direct aneurysmal surgery. Postoperative cranial nerve dysfunction appeared in 8 patients. Five of them ameliorated within a week. Postoperative cranial dysfunction was observed in patients with an aneurysm over 10 mm from the foramen magnum and was not correlated with distance from the midline in this study. We also analyzed the anatomical types of aneurysmal location. As a result, we concluded that postoperative cranial nerve dysfunction depended on the positional relationships of the cranial nerves and aneurysm, rather than the distance from each landmark to aneurysmal neck. Premature aneurysmal rupture during surgery greatly accelerated prolonged postoperative cranial nerve dysfunction.Three patients demonstrated symptomatic cerebral vasospasm in the present series. CT scans manifested cerebral infarction in the territory of the middle cerebral artery due to vasospasm in 2 cases.Only 1 of the 3 cases underwent direct aneurysmal surgery in the acute stage. Patients with ruptured VA-PICA aneurysms should require prophylactic therapy for cerebral vasospasm following surgery during the acute phase as in the anterior circulation aneurysms.
Immunotoxins Containing Ricin A Or B Chains with Modified Carbohydrate Residues Act Synergistically in Killing Neoplastic B Cells In Vitro * (1985)

Partially deglycosylated (dg) ricin A and B chains were coupled to rabbit anti-human Ig (IT-dg-A) and goat anti-rabbit Ig (IT-dg-B), respectively. The deglycosylation was accomplished by treating intact ricin (before separation into its constituent chains) with a mixture of sodium metaperiodate and sodium cyanoborohydride. The two immunotoxins (ITs) acted synergistically in vitro to kill Daudi cells, albeit to a four-to-eight-fold lesser degree than ITs prepared with native A and B chains.
Paracrine IFN Response Limits ZIKV Infection in Human Sertoli Cells (2021)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is unique among mosquito-borne flaviviruses in its ability to be sexually transmitted. The testes have been implicated as sites of long-term ZIKV replication, and our previous studies have identified Sertoli cells (SC), the nurse cells of the seminiferous epithelium that govern spermatogenesis, as major targets of ZIKV infection. To improve our understanding of the interaction of ZIKV with human SC, we analyzed ZIKV-induced proteome changes in these cells using high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Our data demonstrated that interferon (IFN) signaling was the most significantly enriched pathway and the antiviral proteins MX1 and IFIT1 were among the top upregulated proteins in SC following ZIKV infection. The dynamic between IFN response and ZIKV infection kinetics in SC remains unclear, therefore we further determined whether MX1 and IFIT1 serve as antiviral effectors against ZIKV. We found that increased levels of MX1 at the later time points of infection coincided with diminished ZIKV infection while the silencing of <i>MX1</i> and <i>IFIT1</i> enhanced peak ZIKV propagation in SC. Furthermore, although IFN-I exposure was found to significantly hinder ZIKV replication in SC, IFN response was attenuated in these cells as compared to other cell types. The data in this study highlight IFN-I as a driver of the antiviral state that limits ZIKV infection in SC and suggests that MX1 and IFIT1 function as antiviral effectors against ZIKV in SC. Collectively, this study provides important biological insights into the response of SC to ZIKV infection and the ability of the virus to persist in the testes.
Passive capture and structuring of lectures (1999)

Despite recent advances in authoring systems and tools, creating multimedia presentations remains a labor-intensive process. This paper describes a system for automatically constructing structured multimedia documents from live presentations. The automatically produced documents contain synchronized and edited audio, video, images, and text. Two essential problems, synchronization of captured data and automatic editing, are identified and solved.
Analysis of Oxide Film Formed on Type 304 Stainless Steel in 288°C Water Containing Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Hydrogen Peroxide (1999)

The oxide film formed on type 304 stainless steel (SS, UNS S30400) in high-temperature, high-purity water containing oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP) measurements also were conducted under various water chemistry conditions. A more rapid shift of ECP to the noble direction was observed when H2O2 was present in 288°C water, compared to ECP values measured at the same levels of O2. This could have resulted from electrochemical and/or chemical changes on the oxide film. AES data indicated a thicker oxide was formed under 200 ppb O2 or 200 ppb H2O2 conditions than under 150 ppb H2. The oxide film consisted of two layers: the outer oxide layer with different particle sizes and the inner, fine-grained layer. Structures of the outer oxide particles (large or small) formed in 200 ppb O2, in 200 ppb H2O2, and in 150 ppb H2 were mainly hematite (a-Fe2O3), maghemite (g-Fe2O3), and magnetite (Fe3O4), respectively. The inner, fine oxide layers with an iron chromate (FeCr2O4) structure were formed in 200 ppb O2 and in 150 ppb H2, while H2O2 promoted formation of the Cr-deficient/Ni-enriched magnetite structure (nickel ferrite [NiFe2O4]) in the inner oxide layer with the g-Fe2O3 structure in the outer oxide particles.