gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust and Adaptive Sampled-Data Control of Twisted and Coiled Artificial Muscles (2021)

Twisted and Coiled Artificial Muscles (TCAMs) are lightweight actuators providing high power/weight ratio, and can substitute heavy electromagnetic motors and pneumatic artificial muscles in applications that require low weight and high contractile work. In this letter we present a robust and adaptive output feedback control strategy for electro-thermally actuated TCAMs. The controller adjusts the voltage applied to the TCAM in order to match desired muscles contraction/expansion. The proposed controller compensates for disturbances and uncertainties in the TCAM's dynamic model. The robustness and stability analysis of the controller takes into account a digital implementation of the control algorithms. Performance are derived in terms of the sampling time of the CPU and the sensors available. The efficacy of the controller is validated through experimental tests.
Detection of Corrosion using Impedance Spectroscopy (2008)

In this study we investigate the effect of corrosion damage of Aluminum (Al) on the impedance response of piezoelectric sensor attached to the Al. The piezoelectric sensor had a square geometry with fundamental planar mode. A basic environment (NaOH) was used to induce corrosion damage on the Al 6061 grade. A systematic variation in the real part of the electromechanical impedance was found as the specimen corrosion proceeded. The results also indicate that there is an optimal distance between the piezoelectric sensor and the location where damage is occurring that provides highest damage index.
Interaction between an Embedded Crack and an Interface Crack in Nonhomogeneous Coating System (2005)

A general methodology is constructed for the fundamental solution of a crack in the homogeneous half-plane interacting with a crack at the interface between the homogeneous elastic half-plane and the nonhomogeneous elastic coating in which the shear modulus varies exponentially with one coordinate. The problem is solved under plane strain or generalized plane stress condition using the Fourier integral transform method. The stress field in the homogeneous half plane is evaluated by the superposition of two states of stresses, one is associated with a local coordinate system in the infinite fractured plate, while the other in the infinite half plane defined in a structural coordinate system.
In-plane hygro-viscoelasticity of paper at small deformations (2005)

A classic hygro-viscoelastic constitutive model applicable for the analysis of time and humidity-dependent stresses of paper structures using the finite element method (FEM) was investigated. For t ...
Inducing Defects in 19F-Nanocrystals Provides Paramagnetic-free Relaxation Enhancement for Improved In Vivo Hotspot MRI (2020)

Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) is the current strategy of choice for enhancing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast and for accelerating MRI acquisition schemes. Yet, debates regarding lanthanides' biocompatibility and PRE-effect on MRI signal quantification have raised the need for alternative strategies for relaxation enhancement. Herein, we show an approach for shortening the spin-lattice relaxation time (T<sub>1</sub>) of fluoride-based nanocrystals (NCs) that are used for in vivo <sup>19</sup>F-MRI, by inducing crystal defects in their solid-crystal core. By utilizing a phosphate-based rather than a carboxylate-based capping ligand for the synthesis of CaF<sub>2</sub> NCs, we were able to induce grain boundary defects in the NC lattice. The obtained defects led to a 10-fold shorter T<sub>1</sub> of the NCs' fluorides. Such paramagnetic-free relaxation enhancement of CaF<sub>2</sub> NCs, gained without affecting either their size or their colloidal characteristics, improved 4-fold the obtained <sup>19</sup>F-MRI signal-to-noise ratio, allowing their use, in vivo, with enhanced hotspot MRI sensitivity.
Array comparative genomic hybridization and expression analyses for the identification of candidate oncogenes co-amplified on chromosomes 8p and 11q in breast cancer (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4190 

Co-amplification of chromosomes 11q12-11q14 and 8p12-8p11 occurs frequently together in breast cancer. Preliminary analyses of 60 ductal invasive breast tumors with whole genome array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (array CGH) show that 7% contain both of these amplifications, another 7% contain amplification on chromosome 11q but not on 8p, and 3% contain amplification on 8p but not on 11q. To identify the minimal amplified regions on chromosomes 8p and 11q, array CGH was carried out on a high-resolution array containing a contig of overlapping DNA sequences in these regions. Eight cell lines from breast tumors, three with amplifications on both chromosomes 8p and 11q, three with amplifications on chromosome 11q but not on 8p, and two with amplifications on chromosome 8p but not on 11q, and five ductal invasive breast tumors with amplifications on both chromosomes previously analyzed with the whole genome array were analyzed with the high-resolution array. Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of RNA of candidate genes in these regions in the cell lines with amplifications in comparison with cell lines without amplification on chromosome 8p and 11q. Affymetrix expression and array CGH data from a further set of 90 breast tumors and 54 cell lines with all forms of aberrations were used to narrow down the candidate genes in these regions. Where antibodies are available, the protein levels of some of these genes in the cell lines correlate with the RNA expression levels. Functional assays are underway to determine which genes are the driving oncogenes and if there are cooperating oncogenes on chromosomes 8p and 11q in breast tumors with these aberrations.
Indandione‐Terminated Quinoids: Facile Synthesis by Alkoxide‐Mediated Rearrangement Reaction and Semiconducting Properties (2019)

A series of 1,3-indandione-terminated π-conjugated quinoids were synthesized by alkoxide-mediated rearrangement reaction of the respective alkene precursors, followed by air oxidation. This new protocol allows access to quinoidal compounds with variable termini and cores. The resulting quinoids all show LUMO levels below -4.0 eV and molar extinction coefficients above 10<sup>5</sup> L mol<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup> . The optoelectronic properties of these compounds can be regulated by tuning the central cores as well as the aryl termini ascribed to the delocalized frontier molecular orbitals over the entire molecular skeleton involving aryl termini. n-Channel organic thin-film transistors with electron mobility of up to 0.38 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> were fabricated, showing the potential of this new class of quinoids as organic semiconductors.
Caractérisation des substances humiques biomimétiques : effets sur les végétaux (2004)

Present in all the ecosystems, humic substances are the major components of organic matter. In soils, these molecules have some positive effects on growth and plant development. However, the composition and the properties of humic substances vary according to the origin and their conditions of formation. The physico-chemical transformation of homogeneous plant raw material allows to prepare stable humic products with a reproducible composition, the biomimetic humic substances (BSH), which are comparable to natural compounds. This work deals with, on one hand, the determination of composition and origins of the biomimetic humic substances through their chemical characterizations; and on the other hand, the evaluation of their efficiency on growth and plant development (pelargonium, maize) cultivated in hydroponic culture. Chemical analysis of the products shows that the biomimetic humic substances present the same properties as the natural humic substances. They are composed of 60% of humic acids, derived from lignin and 40% of fulvic acids, coming from cellulose and hemicellulose. Biomimetic humic substances induces positive effects on the plants tested, for an optimal concentration of 50 mg.L-1 of carbon. The germination and rhizogenese of maize are stimulated in the presence of humic extracts. The effects of biomimetic humic substances also implies the stimulation of pelargonium flowering and the acceleration of vegetative phases of maize. These products seem to act on the speed of the plant growth mechanisms. The biomimetic humic substances supply induces a water economy by reducing water consumption of maize crop, and fulvic acids seem to be more effective than humic acids. This work specifies the special interests of biomimetic humic substances, particularly concerning their possible application in horticultural and agricultural fields.
In vivo observation of subendocardial microvessels of the beating porcine heart using a needle-probe videomicroscope with a CCD camera. (1993)

We developed a portable needle-probe videomicroscope with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to visualize the subendocardial microcirculation. In 12 open-chest anesthetized pigs, the sheathed needle probe with a doughnut-shaped balloon and a microtube for flushing away the intervening blood was introduced into the left ventricle through an incision in the left atrial appendage via the mitral valve. Images of the subendocardial microcirculation of the beating heart magnified by 200 or 400 on a 15-in. monitor were obtained. The phasic diameter change in subendocardial arterioles during cardiac cycle was from 114 +/- 46 microns (mean +/- SD) in end diastole to 84 +/- 26 microns in end systole (p < 0.001, n = 13, ratio of change = 24%) and that in venules from 134 +/- 60 microns to 109 +/- 45 microns (p < 0.001, n = 15, ratio of change = 17%). In contrast, the diameter of subepicardial arterioles was almost unchanged (2% decrease, n = 5, p < 0.01), and the venular diameter increased by 19% (n = 8, p < 0.001) from end diastole to end systole. Partial kinking and/or pinching of vessels was observed in some segments of subendocardial arterioles and venules. The percentage of systolic decrease in the diameter from diastole in the larger (> 100 microns) subendocardial arterioles and venules was greater than smaller (50-100 microns) vessels (both p < 0.05). In conclusion, using a newly developed microscope system, we were able to observe the subendocardial vessels in diastole and systole.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Digital camera system on a chip (1998)

Originally designed for NASA, CMOS-technology digital camera systems on a chip hold great commercial application potential.
Cryoanalgesia for post‐herpetic neuralgia: a new treatment (2011)

The existent therapeutic options for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) are varied, albeit not sufficiently effective. The aim of this study was to try a new treatment modality for PHN. A spray of liquid nitrogen (LN) was used in 47 patients suffering from PHN as a stimulator of a mechanism not yet completely understood. The LN spray was carefully applied (so as not to freeze the skin surface) along the diseased sensory nerve dermatome, at weekly sessions lasting for 30 seconds each, with a mean of three applications per patient. The area corresponding to the dermatomes affected by the herpes zoster satisfactorily attenuated the herpetic neuralgia in all patients. Before the sixth treatment session, good or excellent improvement was obtained in 94% of the study patients. Pain was eliminated with one session in nine patients (19%), and with two sessions in eight patients (17%). We conclude that this non-freezing technique is absolutely safe and injury-free, and is very efficient in calming PHN.
Effects of zinc and multimineral vitamin supplementation on glycemic and lipid control in adult diabetes (2011)

Zinc+MVM supplementation showed beneficial effects in the metabolic control of adult diabetics in addition to elevating their serum zinc level. Zinc supplementation improved glycemic control measured by Hb(A1C)% and fasting and postprandial glucose. Furthermore, zinc supplementation lowered serum cholesterol and cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio.
Semi-custom VLSI Design and Realization of DC-DC Converters in UMC90 (2010)

Nasal mucosa and brain blood content was studied by rheographic methods in 100 normal subjects aged 4 to 48, in 184 patients with various types of cleft palate, and in 129 ones with allergic rhinitis. A combined restructuring of the nasal and cerebral blood content was revealed in the patients, seen first of all on rheoencephalograms; other shifts included increased vascular tone and impaired venous outflow.
DNA methylation in thermophilic bacteria: N4-methylcytosine, 5-methylcytosine, and N5methyladenine (1985)

While determining the minor and major base composition of the DNA from 17 types of thermophilic bacteria by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of enzymatic digests, we have discovered a novel base, N4-methylcytosine (m4C). Its structure was proven by comparison of the DNA-derived nucleoside to the analogous authentic compound by HPLC, UV spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. Eight of the bacterial DNAs contained m4C. Only two contained the common minor base, 5-methylcytosine (m5C), and neither of these was from an extreme thermophile. The other prevalent modified base of bacterial DNA, N6-methyladenine (m6A), was found in nine of the DNAs. Restriction analysis revealed that four of the DNAs had dam-type (Gm6ATC) methylation patterns. Due to the propensity of m5C residues to be deaminated by heat to thymine residues and to inefficient repair of the resulting mismatched base pairs, thermophiles with optimal growth temperatures of greater than or equal to 60 degrees C generally may avoid having m5C in their genomes. Instead, some of them have deamination-resistant m4C residues.
Ferroelectrics and the Dielectric Amplifier (1954)

Ferroelectric materials are the dielectric analog of ferromagnetic materials. Their uses parallel those of ferromagnetic materials in such applications as high permeability materials, magnetostrictive transducers, magnetic amplifiers, and magnetic information storage devices. A review is given of the measured properties of single crystals to provide a background for the application of ceramics in capacitors and transducers, and their application in dielectric amplifiers. It is shown that the properties of ceramics can be stabilized by introducing amounts of lead and calcium titanate. A long-time aging effect can be reduced by a proper heat treatment. With these stabilized ceramics, applications such as electromechanical filters and delay lines can be satisfied. The theory of the dielectric amplifier is discussed and it is shown that stable amplifiers can be obtained by using the properties of single crystals. Amplifiers having carrier frequencies of 200 kc, signal frequencies of 0 to 7,000 cycles, and gains of 12 db, have been realized. These operate with single crystals below the Curie temperature and are stable over a wide temperatue range.
Increased nitric oxide elimination from the airways after smoking cessation (2002)

Smokers have been found to have low exhaled nitric oxide (NO) levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate where in the respiratory system the decrease in NO occurs, and whether this decrease was affected by smoking cessation. Measurements of exhaled NO were carried out in smokers (n = 20) and non-smoking control subjects (n = 30). In nine of the smokers, exhaled NO was analysed 1, 2 and 4 weeks after smoking cessation. The level of exhaled NO at a flow rate of 0.1litre/s was significantly lower in smokers (4±2p.p.b.) than in non-smokers (7±5p.p.b.; P = 0.007). A calculation of the contributions from different areas of the lung showed that the NO flux from the airways was significantly lower (14±10 compared with 36±26nl/min; P = 0.0001) and the alveolar fraction was significantly higher (2.1±0.8 compared with 1.5±0.9p.p.b.; P = 0.006) in smokers than in non-smokers. Nine smoking subjects refrained from smoking for 4 weeks, and this resulted in increased NO flux from the airways of 28±17nl/min, which was no longer significantly different from controls. In conclusion, endogenous production of NO in the airways is decreased in smokers, but can be restored to normal values by 4 weeks after cessation of smoking. Smokers have an increased alveolar fraction of NO, and this might be a diagnostic sign of lung damage. Thus NO monitoring can be used to indicate improvements when a smoker decides to stop smoking.
Enhanced target normal sheath acceleration of protons from intense laser interaction with a cone-tube target (2016)

Laser driven proton acceleration is proposed to be greatly enhanced by using a cone-tube target, which can be easily manufactured by current 3D-print technology. It is observed that energetic electron bunches are generated along the tube and accelerated to a much higher temperature by the combination of ponderomotive force and longitudinal electric field which is induced by the optical confinement of the laser field. As a result, a localized and enhanced sheath field is produced at the rear of the target and the maximum proton energy is about three-fold increased based on the two-dimentional particle-in-cell simulation results. It is demonstrated that by employing this advanced target scheme, the scaling of the proton energy versus the laser intensity is much beyond the normal target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) case.
Processing of Neodymium-Iron-Boron melt-spun ribbons to fully dense magnets (1985)

Over-quenched melt-spun ribbons of nominal composition Nd <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.14</inf> (Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.91</inf> B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.09</inf> ) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.86</inf> can be compacted to fully dense permanent magnets by hot-pressing at 700-750°C to 100 kPa (-15 kpsi). The resulting material is only slightly magnetically aligned with room temperature magnetics: <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B_{r}/H_{ci}\simeq 8</tex> kG/19 kOe. Die-upsetting to a thickness reduction of 50% produces <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B_{r}/H_{ci}\simeq 11</tex> kG/12 kOe and is accompanied by a lateral plastic flow of the ribbons and a corresponding ribbon thickness reduction. The alignment arises from anisotropic grain growth and grain rotation which produces platelet shaped grains oriented perpendicular to the press direction. The temperature dependence of B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> for both hot-pressed (MQ2) and die-upset (MQ3) ribbons corresponds to a temperature coefficient of -0.25%/°C. The H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ci</inf> temperature coefficients are -0.35%/°C and -0.45%/°C, respectively. High temperature aging in air produces negligible loss.
<title>Theoretical modeling of wave localization due to material damping</title> (1996)

A structural health monitoring technique developed at the Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures (CIMSS) relies on the high frequency impedance characteristics of the structure to qualitatively detect incipient damage. An important feature of this technique is the limited PZT actuator-sensor sensing area, which has been attributed to energy dissipation through material damping and nonconservative joints. In this paper, a study of the structural damping effect at high frequency on the localized sensing region is presented. A theoretical model of the energy dissipation, using a wave propagation approach and the correspondence principle is derived to obtain the specific damping capacity. For this purpose, an infinitely long bolted beam has been simultaneously analyzed using numerical and experimental procedures to obtain a quantification of the energy dissipated through the structure. The results of this study are presented in part II of this paper.
Clinical Role of the Detection of Human Telomerase RNA Component Gene Amplification by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization on Liquid-Based Cervical Samples: Comparison with Human Papillomavirus-DNA Testing and Histopathology (2015)

Despite the limitation of a small study sample, our findings provide promising data, indicating the possible role of hTERC analysis in the assessment of the risk of developing cervical cancer. This approach would implement the specificity of DNA testing, avoiding overtreatment at the same time. Prospective follow-up studies are needed with the aim of introducing hTERC FISH into decision-making algorithms.
Traveling-wave polymeric optical intensity modulator with more than 40 GHz of 3-dB electrical bandwidth (1992)

A traveling-wave electro-optic intensity modulator with a 3-dB electrical bandwidth of more than 40 GHz, negligible phase distortion, low drive voltages, and an extinction ratio of better than 20 dB is reported in nonlinear optical polymers. The velocity matching between the optical and electrical waves is excellent. The frequency response of the optical modulation is in good agreement with theory.
Pricing and resource allocation in computational grid with utility functions (2005)

To solve the problem of heterogeneous demand in the grid, grid users' preferences are summarized by means of their utility functions. This paper proposes to use measurable characteristics to formulate utility functions, rather than abstract utility function used in other works. The grid user utility is defined as a function of the grid user's the resource units allocated. An optimal solution maximizes the aggregate utilities of all grid users subject to the grid resource capacity and job complete times constraints. At same time, the grid provider adjusts the unit price in order to maximize its revenue, which is measured as the sum of the individual payments. This paper proposes an iterative algorithm that computes the price and resource allocation, which is proved to converge to the optimal point. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm is more efficient than conventional allocation scheme.
Wafer-Scale Profile Evolution of Electrochemically Deposited Copper Films (2003)

Wafer-scale profile evolution of electrochemically deposited copper films is experimentally studied and compared with theoretical predictions. The effects of ohmic potential drop, electrochemical current-voltage behavior at the metal/electrolyte interface, and local concentration variations are considered. Results show good agreement with experimental data over a wide range of total currents and times. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.