gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capabilities of the INL ZPPR to Support Active Interrogation Research with SNM (2009)

For over 40 years Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and its predecessor organizations have maintained and operated the Zero‐Power Physics Reactor (ZPPR) as a test bed for studying reactor physics and nuclear reactor design. Although ZPPR is no longer operated as an active research reactor, its infrastructure (radiation shielding, safety systems, physical safeguards) and special nuclear material (SNM) inventory (variably enriched uranium and plutonium fuels available in metallic, oxide, alloy, and other forms) still make the facility a unique national resource for research and development activities involving the use of SNM. Recently INL has utilized this resource to serve as a test and evaluation facility for active interrogation research and development. This facility is currently hosting scoping experiments using neutron and x‐ray radiation sources to characterize SNM active interrogation signatures and to develop tools and techniques to detect and identify shielded SNM. This paper presents an overview of the facility’s infrastructure and assets and describes recent active interrogation experiments that have taken place using high‐energy x‐ray sources and compact electronic neutron generators.
A Tale of Two Transients: GW 170104 and GRB 170105A (2017)

Abstract We present multi-wavelength follow-up campaigns by the AstroSat CZTI and GROWTH collaborations in search of an electromagnetic counterpart to the gravitational wave event GW 170104. At the time of the GW 170104 trigger, the AstroSat CZTI field of view covered 50.3% of the sky localization. We do not detect any hard X-ray (&gt;100 keV) signal at this time, and place an upper limit of , for a 1 s timescale. Separately, the ATLAS survey reported a rapidly fading optical source dubbed ATLAS17aeu in the error circle of GW 170104. Our panchromatic investigation of ATLAS17aeu shows that it is the afterglow of an unrelated long, soft GRB 170105A, with only a fortuitous spatial coincidence with GW 170104. We then discuss the properties of this transient in the context of standard long GRB afterglow models.
An Empirical Performance Study of Intra-vehicular Wireless Sensor Networks under WiFi and Bluetooth Interference (2015)

Intra-Vehicular Wireless Sensor Network (IVWSN) is a new automotive architecture that applies wireless technologies to the communications between Electrical Control Units (ECUs) and sensors. It can potentially help achieve better fuel economy, reduce wiring complexity, and support additional new applications. In the existing works, most of the popular wireless technologies applied on IVWSNs occupy the same 2.4 GHz ISM frequency bands as WiFi and Bluetooth do. It is therefore essential to evaluate the performance of IVWSNs under interference from WiFi and Bluetooth devices, especially when these devices are inside the vehicle. In this paper, we report the results of a comprehensive experimental study of IVWSNs based on ZigBee and Bluetooth Low Energy under WiFi and Bluetooth interference. The impact of the interference from Bluetooth and WiFi devices can be clearly observed from the experiments. The results of the experiments conducted suggest that Bluetooth Low Energy technology outperforms ZigBee technology in the context of IVWSNs when WiFi interference exists in the car.
Differential Regulation and Recovery of Intracellular Ca2+ in Cerebral and Small Mesenteric Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells of Simulated Microgravity Rat (2011)

The differential regulation of Ca(L) channels and ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) releases in cerebral and small mesenteric VSMCs may be responsible for the differential regulation of intracellular Ca(2+), which leads to the altered autoregulation of cerebral vasculature and the inability to adequately elevate peripheral vascular resistance in postspaceflight orthostatic intolerance.
Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbine Systems Subject to Recurring Symmetrical Grid Faults (2015)

New grid codes demand the wind turbine systems to ride through recurring grid faults. In this paper, the performance of the doubly Ffed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine system under recurring symmetrical grid faults is analyzed. The mathematical model of the DFIG under recurring symmetrical grid faults is established. The analysis is based on the DFIG wind turbine system with the typical low-voltage ride-through strategy—with rotor-side crowbar. The stator natural flux produced by the voltage recovery after the first grid fault may be superposed on the stator natural flux produced by the second grid fault, so that the transient rotor and stator current and torque fluctuations under the second grid fault may be influenced by the characteristic of the first grid fault, including the voltage dips level and the grid fault angle, as well as the duration between two faults. The mathematical model of the DFIG under recurring grid faults is verified by simulations on a 1.5-MW DFIG wind turbine system model and experiments on a 30-kW reduced scale DFIG test system.
Proposal of Doppler estimation method of using frequency channel response for OFDM systems (2013)

This paper proposes a new Doppler frequency spread estimation method based on the time autocorrelation function of channel frequency response (CFR) for OFDM systems. The feature of proposed method is to employ the least squares (LS) method between the zero order Bessel function approximated by the expansion of power series and the estimated time autocorrelation function of using CFR which is indispensable to the frequency domain equalization in the OFDM receiver. In the previously proposed method by the authors, the wider range of approximation for the Bessel function is required to achieve the accurate Doppler frequency estimation especially in the lower carrier-to-noise power ratio (CNR) which leads higher computation complexity for solving the LS equation. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new Doppler estimation method of using an adaptive region selection method for the approximation of Bessel function based on the received CNR. This paper also proposes the estimation method of CNR to be used in the proposed Doppler estimation method. The proposed method can achieve the accurate estimation of noise power at the receiver even when the received signal includes larger inter-carrier interference (ICI) noise due to the higher Doppler frequency spread. The proposed Doppler frequency spread estimation methods in conjunction with the CNR estimation method can achieve the higher estimation accuracy even under the lower CNR with lower computation complexity. This paper presents various computer simulation results to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method.
Ethanol‐Induced Aspartate and Taurine Release from Primary Astrocyte Cultures (1993)

Exposure of primary astrocyte cultures to isosmotic ethanol from 10-100 mM led to both swelling of the cells and release of [3H]taurine and D-[3H]aspartate. Exposure to hyperosmotic ethanol, in the same concentration range, caused neither swelling nor release. Release was inhibited by the anion transport blocker L-644,711, already shown to inhibit amino acid release evoked by hypoosmotic or high-potassium medium, conditions that also cause astrocytic swelling. Ethanol-induced release generally showed a decline in response to successive exposures to ethanol, and release was not dependent on extracellular calcium. Thus, the characteristics of swelling-induced release of amino acids by isosmotic ethanol seem to correspond to those of swelling-induced release from astrocytes due to exposure to hypotonic or high-K+ media. We discuss whether such effects may contribute to CNS damage after head injury and stroke.
Unsupervised Machine Learning for the Discovery of Latent Disease Clusters and Patient Subgroups Using Electronic Health Records (2019)

Machine learning has become ubiquitous and a key technology on mining electronic health records (EHRs) for facilitating clinical research and practice. Unsupervised machine learning, as opposed to supervised learning, has shown promise in identifying novel patterns and relations from EHRs without using human created labels. In this paper, we investigate the application of unsupervised machine learning models in discovering latent disease clusters and patient subgroups based on EHRs. We utilized Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a generative probabilistic model, and proposed a novel model named Poisson Dirichlet Model (PDM), which extends the LDA approach using a Poisson distribution to model patients' disease diagnoses and to alleviate age and sex factors by considering both observed and expected observations. In the empirical experiments, we evaluated LDA and PDM on three patient cohorts with EHR data retrieved from the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP), for the discovery of latent disease clusters and patient subgroups. We compared the effectiveness of LDA and PDM in identifying latent disease clusters through the visualization of disease representations learned by two approaches. We also tested the performance of LDA and PDM in differentiating patient subgroups through survival analysis, as well as statistical analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed PDM could effectively identify distinguished disease clusters by alleviating the impact of age and sex, and that LDA could stratify patients into more differentiable subgroups than PDM in terms of p-values. However, the subgroups discovered by PDM might imply the underlying patterns of diseases of greater interest in epidemiology research due to the alleviation of age and sex. Both unsupervised machine learning approaches could be leveraged to discover patient subgroups using EHRs but with different foci.
Failure of aminooxyacetic acid therapy in Huntington disease (1980)

Seven patients with Huntington disease were treated with aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), an inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-T), in an effort to alleviate symptoms by increasing brain GABA content. AOAA was given orally in a placebo-controlled crossover trial in which patients, relatives, and three of the evaluating physicians remained blind. Toxic symptoms occurred in all seven patients when AOAA dosage was increased beyond 2 mg per kilogram per day, and included drowsiness, ataxia, seizures, and psychotic behavior. In five patients who took AOAA for 4 months, no clinical improvement was observed. Biochemical monitoring showed that less inhibition of hepatic GABA-T enzyme activity was achieved than in patients treated with large doses of isoniazid. Results of this trial neither support nor exclude the possible therapeutic usefulness of increasing brain GABA content in Huntington disease.
The challenges of a circumsporozoite protein-based malaria vaccine (2021)

We highlight how both structure-guided vaccine design and a better understanding of the immune response to PfCSP can inform a second generation of PfCSP-based vaccines stimulating a broader range of protective targets within PfCSP.
High Tg Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Gate Dielectrics for N,N′‐Ditridecyl Perylene Diimide Based Field‐Effect Transistors: Improving Performance and Stability with Thermal Treatment (2010)

Abstract A novel application of ethylene‐norbornene cyclic olefin copolymers (COC) as gate dielectric layers in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) that require thermal annealing as a strategy for improving the OFET performance and stability is reported. The thermally‐treated N , N′ ‐ditridecyl perylene diimide (PTCDI‐C13)‐based n‐type FETs using a COC/SiO 2 gate dielectric show remarkably enhanced atmospheric performance and stability. The COC gate dielectric layer displays a hydrophobic surface (water contact angle = 95° ± 1°) and high thermal stability (glass transition temperature = 181 °C) without producing crosslinking. After thermal annealing, the crystallinity improves and the grain size of PTCDI‐C13 domains grown on the COC/SiO 2 gate dielectric increases significantly. The resulting n‐type FETs exhibit high atmospheric field‐effect mobilities, up to 0.90 cm 2 V −1 s −1 in the 20 V saturation regime and long‐term stability with respect to H 2 O/O 2 degradation, hysteresis, or sweep‐stress over 110 days. By integrating the n‐type FETs with p‐type pentacene‐based FETs in a single device, high performance organic complementary inverters that exhibit high gain (exceeding 45 in ambient air) are realized.
New models for the simulation of polysilicon impurity diffusion sources for a wide range of process conditions (2003)

New physical models of polysilicon impurity diffusion sources that are applicable for a wide range of process conditions are proposed for bipolar process simulations. These models address the specific dependencies of polysilicon impurity redistribution on process conditions. The models are described by simple phenomenological equations, including impurity segregation at the grain boundaries, grain growth, and impurity diffusion both at the grain boundaries and within the grains. The parameter values used in these equations are determined by comparison between the experimental results and theoretical calculations, which are independent of the process conditions. The authors have simulated impurity diffusion in polycrystalline Si for a wide range of process conditions, and good agreement was achieved with experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Volunteer Aides of the Rochester General Hospital (1931)

T HE work of the volunteer aides was the outgrowth of a need which arose in the hospital in 1887, when assistance was given by a group organized as the Twigs, the first unit being called the Parent Stem. Its purpose was to make and provide necessary linen. Since that time other groups have been added until now we have thirty-four branches, with four hundred and fifty members. These groups raised the Charity Fund by means of a yearly donation until the formation of the Community Chest. They have done many other things for the hospital in making gifts and meeting emergencies. All through the years they raised the fund for free work and supplied the linen and kept alive a wonderful spirit of service, so that when the call for war duty left the hospital short-handed, the superintendent asked the Twig group for volunteers who would give a half-day service. The immediate and gratifying response brought our present Aide Service into being. The Twig organization is now a separate entity which does the sewing on material furnished by the hospital, and does many pleasant things for the patients, such as taking the responsibility for the various wards at Christmas and providing gifts to make the holiday a real festival. They meet every other Friday from October to June. The Aide Service has gradually added workers as the scope of its work increased until it finally became a real department of the hospital with a definite head. The chief aide gives much time to enlisting volunteers from groups of laywomen, to adjusting
<title>Septree Representations Of Moving Objects Using Hexagonal Cylindrical Decomposition</title> (1984)

This paper describes decomposition of an object into upright hexagonal cylinders to represent the space occupied by the object. The representation results in a 7-order tree data structure, called septree. A hierarchical addressing system, the Generalized Balanced Ternary (GBT), is employed as an addressing mechanism for the cylinders. The objective of this paper is to present efficient computational algorithms for manipulating the tree representation as the object undergoes translation and limited rotation through space.
Association of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis with HLA-DRw52a (1990)

We sought to determine whether there are specific HLA haplotypes in patients with either primary sclerosing cholangitis or primary biliary cirrhosis. Surprisingly, 100 percent of the 29 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis had the HLA-DRw52a antigen, which is normally present in 35 percent of the population (relative risk, 109.5; P less than 0.00001). Fifteen of these patients had a single common haplotype: A1,B8,Cw7,DRw17,DQw2,DRw52a. In the remaining 17 patients there was a loss of at least one of these antigens. Of the 15 patients with the common haplotype, 12 also had ulcerative colitis, thereby linking the occurrence of ulcerative colitis in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis to the presence of this haplotype. Although there was no association in 35 patients between primary biliary cirrhosis and specific HLA haplotypes, there was a significant association of the disease with DRw8 (relative risk, 3.1; P = 0.02). We conclude that the development of primary sclerosing cholangitis involves a strong genetic predisposition. Since the association of primary sclerosing cholangitis with HLA-DRw52a appears to be total, HLA typing should be helpful in differentiating this disease from primary biliary cirrhosis.
Preventive effects of edaravone, a free radical scavenger, on lipopolysaccharide‐induced lung injury in mice (2008)

In an experimental murine model, a free radical scavenger may prevent ALI via repression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production by lung macrophages.
Laboratory Testing of Stress-Laminated Wood Decks on Steel Beams (1997)

Four different stress-laminated wood decks were laboratory-tested to measure composite action between deck and steel beams, transverse load distribution, performance of connectors, and deck construction cost. The models were subjected to cyclic loading varying from 9 to 89 kN. Static load tests were conducted after every 100,000 cycles. During static testing, strains and deflections in the beams were measured at 22, 44, 67, and 89 kN. The loss of tension in the connectors was also monitored after every 100,000 cycles. The readings were used to compare the composite action, load distribution, and tension loss in connectors. Load distribution values were verified with theoretical calculations.
A demonstration of AQWA (2015)

The ubiquity of location-aware devices, e.g., smartphones and GPS devices, has led to a plethora of location-based services in which huge amounts of geotagged information need to be efficiently processed by large-scale computing clusters. This demo presents AQWA, an adaptive and query-workload-aware data partitioning mechanism for processing large-scale spatial data. Unlike existing cluster-based systems, e.g., SpatialHadoop, that apply static partitioning of spatial data, AQWA has the ability to react to changes in the query-workload and data distribution. A key feature of AQWA is that it does not assume prior knowledge of the query-workload or data distribution. Instead, AQWA reacts to changes in both the data and the query-workload by incrementally updating the partitioning of the data. We demonstrate two prototypes of AQWA deployed over Hadoop and Spark. In both prototypes, we process spatial range and k -nearest-neighbor ( k NN, for short) queries over large-scale spatial datasets, and we exploit the performance of AQWA under different query-workloads.
Channel Characterization for Free-Space Optical Communications (2012)

Abstract : The current DARPA Free space Optical Experimental Network Experiment (FOENEX) Program is a continuation of the earlier Optical RF Communications Adjunct (ORCA) Program that was designed to bring high data rate networking to the warfighter via airborne platforms. The FOENEX program is headed by the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) of the Johns Hopkins University. Radio frequency (RF) equipment and networking was designed and built by L3 and the adaptive optics (AO) subsystem was designed and built by AOptix. Phase 0 testing of the FOENEX hybrid system took place during June 2011 at Hollister Air Force Range in California and Phase 2 Final Testing was performed in March and April of 2012 at the Naval Air Weapons Test Range in China Lake, California. The University of Central Florida (UCF) was separately contracted by DARPA to measure path-averaged values of the refractive-index structure parameter 2 C(exp 2)(sub n) , the inner scale of turbulence l0, and the outer scale of turbulence L0 along the propagation path from a Twin Otter aircraft to a ground site (G6) at China Lake, CA. The nominal range to the aircraft from the ground site at G6 was 50 km, but variations in range extended from 30 km to 75 km. Although not part of the original Statement of Work (SoW), UCF also provided the same measurements at Hollister Air Force Range between the Hollister Airport and Fremont Peak over a path length of 17 km. In addition, UCF researchers also provided a comparison of theoretical models with measured quantities from the optical data beam during testing at both sites to ascertain some assessment of system performance. The UCF team took direct measurements of only the beacon beam at Hollister and China Lake which led to path-averaged values for the atmospheric parameters.
Recent Advances in Developing Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts for the O2 Reduction Reaction (2008)

For Pt, the best single-element catalyst for many reactions, the question of content and loading is exceedingly important because of its price and availability. Using platinum as a fuel-cell catalyst in automotive applications will cause an unquantifiable increase in the demand for this metal. This big obstacle for using fuel cells in electric cars must be solved by decreasing the content of Pt, which is a great challenge of electrocatalysis Over the last several years we inaugurated a new class of electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) based on a monolayer of Pt deposited on metal or alloy carbon-supported nanoparticles. The possibility of decreasing the Pt content in the ORR catalysts down to a monolayer level has a considerable importance because this reaction requires high loadings due to its slow kinetics. The Pt-monolayer approach has several unique features and some of them are: high Pt utilization, enhanced (or decreased) activity, enhanced stability, and direct activity correlations. The synthesis of Pt monolayer (ML) electrocatalysts was facilitated by our new synthesis method which allowed us to deposit a monolayer of Pt on various metals, or alloy nanoparticles [1, 2] for the cathode electrocatalyst. In this synthesis approach Pt is laid downmore » by the galvanically displacing a Cu monolayer, which was deposited at underpotentials in a monolayer-limited reaction on appropriate metal substrate, with Pt after immersing the electrode in a K{sub 2}PtCl{sub 4} solution.« less
Overall and Relapse-Free Survival in Oropharyngeal and Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Are Associated with Genotypes of T393C Polymorphism of the GNAS1 Gene (2008)

The T393C SNP could be considered as a genetic marker to predict the clinical course of patients suffering from oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.