gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein Intrinsic Disorder and Human Papillomaviruses:  Increased Amount of Disorder in E6 and E7 Oncoproteins from High Risk HPVs (2006)

It is recognized now that many functional proteins or their long segments are devoid of stable secondary and/or tertiary structure and exist instead as very dynamic ensembles of conformations. They are known by different names including natively unfolded, intrinsically disordered, intrinsically unstructured, rheomorphic, pliable, and different combinations thereof. Many important functions and activities have been associated with these intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), including molecular recognition, signaling, and regulation. It is also believed that disorder of these proteins allows function to be readily modified through phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, hydroxylation, and proteolysis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that IDPs comprise a large fraction of different proteomes. Furthermore, it is established that the intrinsic disorder is relatively abundant among cancer-related and other disease-related proteins and IDPs play a number of key roles in oncogenesis. There are more than 100 different types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which are the causative agents of benign papillomas/warts, and cofactors in the development of carcinomas of the genital tract, head and neck, and epidermis. With respect to their association with cancer, HPVs are grouped into two classes, known as low (e.g., HPV-6 and HPV-11) and high-risk (e.g., HPV-16 and HPV-18) types. The entire proteome of HPV includes six nonstructural proteins [E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, and E7 (the latter two are known to function as oncoproteins in the high-risk HPVs)] and two structural proteins (L1 and L2). To understand whether intrinsic disorder plays a role in the oncogenic potential of different HPV types, we have performed a detailed bioinformatics analysis of proteomes of high-risk and low-risk HPVs with the major focus on E6 and E7 oncoproteins. The results of this analysis are consistent with the conclusion that high-risk HPVs are characterized by the increased amount of intrinsic disorder in transforming proteins E6 and E7.
Global nonlinear aerodynamic modeling using multivariate orthogonal functions (1995)

A technique was developed for global modeling of nonlinear aerodynamic coefficients using multivariate orthogonal functions based on the data. Each orthogonal function retained in the model was decomposed into an expansion of ordinary polynomials in the independent variables, so that the final model could be interpreted as selectively retained terms from a multivariable power series expansion. A predicted squared-error metric was used to determine the orthogonal functions to be retained in the model; analytical derivatives were easily computed. The approach was demonstrated on the Z-body axis aerodynamic force coefficient (Cz) wind tunnel data for an F-18 research vehicle which came from a tabular wind tunnel and covered the entire subsonic flight envelope. For a realistic case, the analytical model predicted experimental values of Cz very well. The modeling technique is shown to be capable of generating a compact, global analytical representation of nonlinear aerodynamics. The polynomial model has good predictive capability, global validity, and analytical differentiability.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF MATERNAL ANTIBODY, BREAST FEEDING, AND AGE TO THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF NEWBORN INFANTS TO INFECTION WITH ATTENUATED POLIOVIRUSES (1964)

1. Over 1,000 infants were fed attenuated polioviruses during the first 3 months of life and susceptibility to infection with these agents was shown to be related to dose of virus, titer of maternal antibody, method of milk feeding, and age at vaccination. 2. Larger doses of virus elicited a response in a high proportion of infants, but even the smallest dose employed was of nearly optimal effectiveness in infants with little or no maternal antibody. 3. No significant differences between the 3 types of polioviruses were observed other than those which could be related to differences in maternal antibody titer for the 3 types. 4. Maternal antibody had a direct relationship to the incidence of infection, particularly in breast-fed babies and in bottle-fed infants vaccinated on the first day of life. 5. Human milk contains poliovirus neutralizing substances (probably antibody but not specifically characterized) in concentrations related to the antibody titer in the mother's serum. However, a number of significant discrepancies between the antibody content of the serum and milk or colostrum were observed. It is postulated that infection is prevented by neutralization of the virus in the lumen of the infant's gut. 6. Susceptibility of bottle-fed babies increases rapidly during the first three days of life, but remains relatively unchanged thereafter. A reasonable hypothesis to explain this phenomenon is that maternal antibody in the infant's gut, whether from ingested amniotic fluid or by leakage from his circulation into the intestine, inactivates virus given on the first few days of life, but not later.
Learning Non-linear Reconstruction Models for Image Set Classification (2014)

We propose a deep learning framework for image set classification with application to face recognition. An Adaptive Deep Network Template (ADNT) is defined whose parameters are initialized by performing unsupervised pre-training in a layer-wise fashion using Gaussian Restricted Boltzmann Machines (GRBMs). The pre-initialized ADNT is then separately trained for images of each class and class-specific models are learnt. Based on the minimum reconstruction error from the learnt class-specific models, a majority voting strategy is used for classification. The proposed framework is extensively evaluated for the task of image set classification based face recognition on Honda/UCSD, CMU Mobo, YouTube Celebrities and a Kinect dataset. Our experimental results and comparisons with existing state-of-the-art methods show that the proposed method consistently achieves the best performance on all these datasets.
A procedure for superposition of two arbitrary atomic arrangements. (1998)

Aging is associated with cognitive decline <i>via</i> incompletely understood mechanisms. Cerebral microvascular dysfunction occurs in aging, particularly impaired endothelium-mediated dilation. Parenchymal arterioles are bottlenecks of the cerebral microcirculation, and dysfunction causes a mismatch in nutrient demand and delivery, leaving neurons at risk. Extracellular nucleotides elicit parenchymal arteriole dilation by activating endothelial purinergic receptors (P2Y), leading to opening of K<sup>+</sup> channels, including inwardly-rectifying K<sup>+</sup> channels (K<sub>IR</sub>2). These channels amplify hyperpolarizing signals, resulting in dilation. However, it remains unknown if endothelial P2Y and K<sub>IR</sub>2 signaling are altered in brain parenchymal arterioles during aging. We hypothesized that aging impairs endothelial P2Y and K<sub>IR</sub>2 function in parenchymal arterioles. We observed reduced dilation to the purinergic agonist 2-methyl-S-ADP (1 µM) in arterioles from Aged (>24-month-old) mice when compared to Young (4-6 months of age) despite similar hyperpolarization in endothelial cells tubes. No differences were observed in vasodilation or endothelial cell hyperpolarization to activation of small- and intermediate-conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup> channels (K<sub>Ca</sub>2.3 / K<sub>Ca</sub>3.1) by NS309. Hyperpolarization to 15 mM [K<sup>+</sup>]<sub>E</sub> was smaller in Aged than Young mice, despite a paradoxical increased dilation in Aged arterioles to 15 mM [K<sup>+</sup>]<sub>E</sub> that was unchanged by endothelium removal. K<sub>IR</sub>2 Inhibition attenuated vasodilatory responses to 15 mM [K<sup>+</sup>]<sub>E</sub> and 1 µM 2-me-S-ADP in both Young and Aged arterioles. Further, we observed a significant increase in myogenic tone in Aged parenchymal arterioles, which was not enhanced by endothelium removal. We conclude that aging impairs endothelial K<sub>IR</sub>2 channel function in the cerebral microcirculation with possible compensation by smooth muscle cells.
An auto-inducible mechanism for ionic liquid resistance in microbial biofuel production (2014)

Ionic liquids (ILs) are emerging as superior solvents for numerous industrial applications, including the pretreatment of biomass for the microbial production of biofuels. However, some of the most effective ILs used to solubilize cellulose inhibit microbial growth, decreasing efficiency in the overall process. Here we identify an IL-resistance mechanism consisting of two adjacent genes from Enterobacter lignolyticus, a rain forest soil bacterium that is tolerant to an imidazolium-based IL. These genes retain their full functionality when transferred to an Escherichia coli biofuel host, with IL resistance established by an inner membrane transporter, regulated by an IL-inducible repressor. Expression of the transporter is dynamically adjusted in direct response to IL, enabling growth and biofuel production at levels of IL that are toxic to native strains. This natural auto-regulatory system provides the basis for engineering IL-tolerant microbes, which should accelerate progress towards effective conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and renewable chemicals.
A distributed virtual presence system for the web (2007)

This paper describes a Virtual Presence (VP) system for the web. A virtual presence is a chance for existing communities to extend their reach beyond the community website. But it can also create ad hoc and content-based communities. After a short history of VP systems, the paper enumerates requirements for large VP systems for the web. In addition to general requirements like scalability and privacy protection, the paper also explains more specific virtual presence-related requirements. A VP system for the web should have a flexible URL mapping and can be made protocol independent. The paper proposes a reference architecture for distributed VP systems and postulates design goals. The paper presents the LLuna system, and explains how LLuna meets the requirements. LLuna is a client-server system which shows users on web pages as avatars. It uses the Jabber network as transport and processing infrastructure.
Immunodominance in the graft-vs-host disease T cell response to minor histocompatibility antigens. (1990)

Immunodominance controls the generation of CTL in the C57BL/6By (B6) anti-BALB.B H-2b-matched strain combination. Despite the potential of responding to numerous individual minor histocompatibility (H) Ag on BALB.B APC, the focus of the CTL response is largely specific for only a limited number of target Ag. These minor H Ag could be distinguished by their differential expression on a panel of target cells from the CXB recombinant inbred strains, the E, G, I, J, and K (all H-2b), which express different composites of the original BALB minor H Ag. A hierarchy was observed in which first-order immunodominant Ag were present on both CXBK and CXBG cells, whereas second-order dominant Ag were found on CXBE, CXBJ, and CXBI cells. To test whether immunodominance also plays a role in the development of lethal graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) directed to multiple minor H Ag, B6 T cells were transplanted along with T cell depleted bone marrow, to irradiated (825 rad) recipients of either the BALB.B or CXB recombinant inbred strains. The results indicate that a hierarchy of immunodominance does exist in GVHD, but it differs from that predicted from the in vitro CTL studies. GVHD was observed in BALB.B, CXBE, CXBI, and CXBJ recipients, but not in CXBG and CXBK recipients. Presensitization of B6 donor mice to CXBG or CXBK splenocytes 3 wk before transplant did not significantly increase the overall GVHD potential in the corresponding CXBG or CXBK recipients. Evidence for second-order immunodominance was provided by the transfer of CXBE T cells and ATBM to irradiated CXBG and BALB.B recipients with resultant, potent GVHD.
Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of an Axial Compressor Supersonic Stage Impeller (2018)

There is an evident trend to elevate pressure ratio of a single stage of a turbo compressors - axial compressors in particular. Q-3-D computer program based on wind tunnel test data was applied to research possible parameters of axial stage candidates with pressure ratio 3,0. Influence of two main design parameters on expected efficiency, periphery blade speed and flow structure was studied. Acceptable level of efficiency and inlet Mach number are expected at flow rate coefficient = 0.35 and flow deflection angle = 12 degrees. The calculation results have led to a stage candidate for further analysis and improvement by field type and CFD programs.
Coupled Extraction and Dynamic Headspace Techniques for the Characterization of Essential Oil and Aroma Fingerprint of Thymus Species (2014)

Natural essential oils and extracts were obtained from three different Thymus species (T. zygis subsp. gracilis (Boiss.) Morales, T. x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. and T. fontqueri (Jalas) Molero e Rovira) using hydrodistillation and supercritical fluid CO2 extraction techniques, respectively. Furthermore, the aroma fingerprint of the plant materials was also characterized by collecting the volatiles through dynamic headspace-thermal desorption technique. In order to achieve that goal, the odor space was characterized by calculating odor values and by using an olfactory family model previously validated for both quantification and classification of volatile odorants. The obtained oils were characterized in terms of their organoleptic qualities as well as their chemical composition by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A comparison amidst different species indicates that T. zygis and T. fontqueri show a phenolic type, mainly from high thymol and carvacrol content, respectively, while T. x citriodorus was richest in geraniol and citral. Furthermore, their organoleptic qualities also revealed odor similarities between T. zygis and T. fontqueri, both exhibiting a light herbaceous odor, in opposition to a strong lemon-herbaceous scent for T. x citriodorus. Hydrodistillation extraction yields ranged between 0.67% (w/w) for both T. zygis and T. fontqueri and 1.26% (w/w) for T. x citriodorus. In comparison, extraction yields for supercritical CO2 samples were lower for T. x citriodorus and T. fontqueri (<0.05%, w/w), while for T. zygis it was obtained as 0.78% (w/w). Finally, CO2 extracts were obtained for the first time for T. x citriodorus and T. fontqueri showing similar compositions to those obtained by hydrodistillation, although typically with lower phenolic and alcoholic content (especially for thymol, carvacrol, and geraniol). DHS analysis coupled with olfactory character models allowed us to classify both aroma and odor profiles of plants. In conclusion, coupling extraction techniques to obtain essential oils together with headspace volatile analysis appear to be a relevant approach for characterization of the fingerprint of plant materials, as well as establish a clear distinction amidst them.
Magel2‐null mice are hyper‐responsive to setmelanotide, a melanocortin 4 receptor agonist (2016)

Setmelanotide may be a useful investigational hormone/neuropeptide replacement therapy for PWS and rare monogenic forms of obesity exhibiting impaired function of POMC neurons.
Compatibility and Bundling of Complementary Goods in a Duopoly (1992)

This paper presents a simple model of compatibility and bundling in industries where consumers assemble several necessary components into a system that is close to their ideal. The authors show that, for a wide range of parameters, firms will choose to produce compatible components but will offer discounts to consumers who purchase all components from the same firm. However, firms would be better off if they could commit not to provide such discounts. Furthermore, the equilibrium tends to involve socially excessive bundling. Finally, mixed bundling strategies tend to increase the range of parameters over which socially excessive standardization occurs. Copyright 1992 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Transition Metal and Nitrogen-Doped Carbide-Derived Carbon/Carbon Nanotube Composites As Cathode Catalysts for Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2021)

Transition-metal-\nand nitrogen-codoped carbide-derived carbon/carbon\nnanotube composites (M-N-CDC/CNT) have been prepared, characterized,\nand used as cathode catalysts in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells\n(AEMFCs). As transition metals, cobalt, iron, and a combination of\nboth have been investigated. Metal and nitrogen are doped through\na simple high-temperature pyrolysis technique with 1,10-phenanthroline\nas the N precursor. The physicochemical characterization shows the\nsuccess of metal and nitrogen doping as well as very similar morphologies\nand textural properties of all three composite materials. The initial\nassessment of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, employing\nthe rotating ring–disk electrode method, indicates that the\nM-N-CDC/CNT catalysts exhibit a very good electrocatalytic performance\nin alkaline media. We find that the formation of HO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt; species in the ORR catalysts depends on the specific\nmetal composition (Co, Fe, or CoFe). All three materials show excellent\nstability with a negligible decline in their performance after 10000\nconsecutive potential cycles. The very good performance of the M-N-CDC/CNT\ncatalyst materials is attributed to the presence of M-N&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; and pyridinic-N moieties as well as both micro-\nand mesoporous structures. Finally, the catalysts exhibit excellent\nperformance in in situ tests in H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; AEMFCs,\nwith the CoFe-N-CDC/CNT reaching a current density close to 500 mA\ncm&lt;sup&gt;–2&lt;/sup&gt; at 0.75 V and a peak power density (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;) exceeding 1 W cm&lt;sup&gt;–2&lt;/sup&gt;. Additional\ntests show that &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; reaches 0.8 W cm&lt;sup&gt;–2&lt;/sup&gt; in an H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-free air system\nand that the CoFe-N-CDC/CNT material exhibits good stability under\nboth AEMFC operating conditions.
Optimizing Colorimetric Assay Based on V2O5 Nanozymes for Sensitive Detection of H2O2 and Glucose (2016)

Nanozyme-based chemical sensing is a rapidly emerging field of research. Herein, a simple colorimetric assay for the detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose based on the peroxidase-like activity of V₂O₅ nanozymes has been established. In this assay, the effects of pH, substrate, nanozyme concentrations and buffer solution have been investigated. It was found that compared with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), the enzyme substrate o-phenylenediamine (OPD) seriously interfered with the H₂O₂ detection. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the resulting sensor displayed a good response to H₂O₂ with a linear range of 1 to 500 μM, and a detection limit of 1 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. A linear correlation was established between absorbance intensity and concentration of glucose from 10 to 2000 μM, with a detection limit of 10 μM. The current work presents a simple, cheap, more convenient, sensitive, and easy handling colorimetric assay.
Flow sensor for field measurement of viscous liquid usage for consumer studies (2015)

The usage of household liquids such as detergent or shampoo is a relevant parameter in customer research. It has to be measured in a real environment to eliminate effects of staged studies. We present a 3D-printed sensor usable for both flow and derived mass measurements for such high viscous liquids. It can handle pulsating flows and has negligible influence on typical user's behavior. The sensor is a variable-area sensor with a spring-loaded float to ensure operation in all positions. Displacement is measured by a hall sensor and magnet inside the float. Because of the temperature dependence of the liquid's viscosity, a temperature sensor and a look-up-table are employed to derive mass measures from displacement measures. System size is Ø20 mm × 120 mm; it fits in a commercially available detergent bottle. Readout is realized by an IrDA-interface, a LiPo battery ensures six month operation. The sensor exhibits an overall accuracy of −0.36 % and a lower precision of 10.09 % for a nominal range of 1 to 6 g of fluid.
Static Lensless Random Scattering Imagers via 3D Printing (2017)

Computational imagers fundamentally enable new optical hardware through the use of both physical and algorithmic elements. We report on the creation of a static lensless computational imaging system enabled by this paradigm.
Quantified user behavior in user-in-the-loop spatially and demand controlled cellular systems (2012)

User-centric services are a growing concern. While the digital society definitely needs better quality-of-experience (QoE) for the user, his applications on smart mobile devices will continue to raise traffic in mobile radio networks by 100% per annum. Future generations of access technologies are challenged by this and the old over provisioning approach will not hold anymore, especially during busy hours. Congestion will happen more and more often, leading to a much worse QoE for everyone involved. Increasing the supply side by better spectral efficiency of 5G radio networks cannot work on its own, if demand is increasing faster than supply.
Convex Combination Consistency between Neighbors for Weakly-supervised Action Localization (2022)

Weakly-supervised temporal action localization (WTAL) intends to detect action instances with only weak supervision, e.g., video-level labels. The current~\textit{de facto} pipeline locates action instances by thresholding and grouping continuous high-score regions on temporal class activation sequences. In this route, the capacity of the model to recognize the relationships between adjacent snippets is of vital importance which determines the quality of the action boundaries. However, it is error-prone since the variations between adjacent snippets are typically subtle, and unfortunately this is overlooked in the literature. To tackle the issue, we propose a novel WTAL approach named Convex Combination Consistency between Neighbors (C$^3$BN). C$^3$BN consists of two key ingredients: a micro data augmentation strategy that increases the diversity in-between adjacent snippets by convex combination of adjacent snippets, and a macro-micro consistency regularization that enforces the model to be invariant to the transformations~\textit{w.r.t.} video semantics, snippet predictions, and snippet representations. Consequently, fine-grained patterns in-between adjacent snippets are enforced to be explored, thereby resulting in a more robust action boundary localization. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of C$^3$BN on top of various baselines for WTAL with video-level and point-level supervisions. Code is at https://github.com/Qinying-Liu/C3BN.
L'opéra entre incarnation et représentation (2013)

La naissance de l’opéra ne peut être entièrement distincte de l’institution à laquelle il est intrinsèquement lié. Ainsi l’opéra ne constitue-t-il pas seulement un « système poétique » mais un « système politique ». Il s’agit de montrer qu’entre Lully et Gluck, l’opéra bascule peu à peu d’une esthétique de l’incarnation à une esthétique de la représentation, autonomisant ainsi le genre lyrique par rapport au pouvoir politique. Cependant, c’est pour des raisons politiques que cette autonomisation est possible : c’est au moment où l’État lui-même se dépersonnalise pour devenir représentationnel que l’esthétique de l’incarnation n’a plus cours et que le genre semble se séparer du politique.