gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Method for Rapid Location of Organic Acids in Effluent Fractions Following Column Chromatography (1964)

Journal Article A method for rapid location of organic acids in effluent fractions following column chromatography Get access Herbert C. Dostal, Herbert C. Dostal Department of Horticulture, Purdue University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David R. Dilley David R. Dilley Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 14, Issue 10, October 1964, Page 35, https://doi.org/10.2307/1293370 Published: 01 October 1964
Pan-cancer analysis of somatic mutations and epigenetic alterations in insulated neighbourhood boundaries (2020)

Recent evidence shows that the disruption of constitutive insulated neighbourhoods might lead to oncogene dysregulation. We present here a systematic pan-cancer characterisation of the associations between constitutive boundaries and genome alterations in cancer. Specifically, we investigate the enrichment of somatic mutation, abnormal methylation, and copy number alteration events in the proximity of CTCF bindings overlapping with topological boundaries (junctions) in 26 cancer types. Focusing on CTCF motifs that are both in-boundary (overlapping with junctions) and active (overlapping with peaks of CTCF expression), we find a significant enrichment of somatic mutations in several cancer types. Furthermore, mutated junctions are significantly conserved across cancer types, and we also observe a positive selection of transversions rather than transitions in many cancer types. We also analyzed the mutational signature found on the different classes of CTCF motifs, finding some signatures (such as SBS26) to have a higher weight within in-boundary than off-bounday motifs. Regarding methylation, we find a significant number of over-methylated active in-boundary CTCF motifs in several cancer types; similarly to somatic-mutated junctions, they also have a significant conservation across cancer types. Finally, in several cancer types we observe that copy number alterations tend to overlap with active junctions more often than in matched normal samples. While several articles have recently reported a mutational enrichment at CTCF binding sites for specific cancer types, our analysis is pan-cancer and investigates abnormal methylation and copy number alterations in addition to somatic mutations. Our method is fully replicable and suggests several follow-up tumour-specific analyses.
Real Time Detection of driver distraction using CNN (2020)

Distracted driving is the main cause for large number of motor vehicle accidents across the globe. Detecting a distracted driver is considered as the significant research area for reducing the road accidents. This paper focuses on a methodology to reduce the accidents caused by distracted driver with deep neural networks. CNN based method is used to develop the actions of driver from driver image dataset, which is used to classify the distracted driver into different categories. Proposed system consist of three models namely, vanilla CNN, vanilla CNN with data augmentation, and CNN with transfer learning. Deep neural network model is developed from a state farm dataset, which consists of 10 actions in 26 different subjects such as texting, mobile phone usage in driving, delayed arrival, normal driving, alcohol consumption etc. Results obtained from 5 Epochs shows that all the experiments have exceeded 75% accuracy and the best observed result is 97%.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of focal laryngeal dystonia: Study of 110 cases (1988)

Spastic dysphonia is a syndrome often producing a strain-strangle voice. We have previously classified most of these patients as having focal laryngeal dystonia, a disorder of central motor processing. In a study of 1,280 cases of dystonia registered at the Dystonia Clinical Research Center at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, we found 110 patients who had vocal cord involvement. These patients had historical information evaluated for age of onset (mean 34.6 years), duration of symptoms (mean 13.8 years), sex (1.4:1 female to male) family history (positive in 23%), and primary (66%) and secondary (34%) etiology; neurological evaluation for other dystonic involvement (25% with segmental cranial involvement, 23% with generalized dystonia) or tremor (irregular 23%, regular 6% on EMG). Treatment options were evaluated and included speech therapy, psychotherapy, biofeedback (with limited success), systemic medication (limited success except in abductor cases), nerve section (with late failure rate), and the use of botulinum toxin (improvement in all 34 injected patients).
Central effects of the H1-antihistamine, cetirizine. (1998)

The study failed to establish dose-response effects of cetirizine, but it is evident that cetirizine is not free of central activity over the therapeutic range, and so its use by air personnel is not recommended.
Identification and characterization of NAGNAG alternative splicing in the moss Physcomitrella patens (2010)

NAGNAG AS is just as common in the moss P. patens as it is in the seed plants A. thaliana and O. sativa (but not conserved on the level of orthologous introns), and can be predicted with high accuracy. The most informative features are the nucleotides in the NAGNAG and in its immediate vicinity, along with the splice sites scores, as found earlier for NAGNAG AS in animals. Our results suggest that the mechanism behind NAGNAG AS in plants is similar to that in animals and is largely dependent on the splice site and its immediate neighborhood.
A Bifunctional Copper Catalyst Enables Ester Reduction with H2: Expanding the Reactivity Space of Nucleophilic Copper Hydrides (2021)

Employing a bifunctional catalyst based on a copper(I)/NHC complex and a guanidine organocatalyst, catalytic ester reductions to alcohols with H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; as terminal reducing agent are facilitated. The approach taken here enables the simul-taneous activation of esters through hydrogen bonding and formation of nucleophilic copper(I) hydrides from H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, resulting in a catalytic hydride transfer to esters. The reduction step is further facilitated by a proton shuttle mediated by the guani-dinium subunit. This bifunctional approach to ester reductions for the first time shifts the reactivity of generally considered “soft” copper(I) hydrides to previously unreactive “hard” ester electrophiles and paves the way for a replacement of stoichi-ometric reducing agents by a catalyst and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
Functional Characteristics of a Variant Thyrotropin Receptor (1996)

A claim has been made that a variant of the human thyrotropin receptor in which Pro52 is replaced by Thr ([Thr52]thyrotropin receptor) is associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases and displays increased responsiveness to thyrotropin. We have analysed the functional characteristics of this variant receptor. Equivalent numbers of of the wild type and of the variant thyrotropin receptor, measured both by 125I-thyrotropin binding and by flow cytofluorimetry, were transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. Under these conditions, the two receptors showed the same degree of constitutive activity for the cAMP pathway, the same affinity for bovine thyrotropin, and a virtually identical responsiveness to bovine thyrotropin for activation of both the cAMP and inositol-phosphate regulatory pathways. Our results show that the [Thr52]thyrotropin receptor variant of the human thyrotropin receptor, which is present in the 12% of the population, does not affect receptor function and represents most likely a simple polymorphism.
Risk, Social Theories, and Organizations (2014)

Risk remains a puzzling concept. It is transdisciplinary in scope and multi-levelled in application. It emerged from practice, became theoretical, and has become practical again. Today it is a concept with unprecedented reach and organizing power, and for this reason is a source of fascination to social theorists and organization scholars alike. This chapter outlines a series of intersections between risk, social theory, and analyses of organization practice which share a common critique of risk individualism. These intersections suggest that risk is hybrid and multi-logic in nature. Specifically, at least three risk logics are entangled in practice, namely: anticipation (knowledge), resilience (ignorance), and auditability (blame). The chapter concludes by suggesting a dynamic theory of risk management practice as the contingent and changing mix of these three logics.
Abstract A33: Biomarkers of Cdk5 driven neuroendocrine tumors (2016)

Abstract Background: Neuroendocrine (NE) cancers originate from secretory cells of the body's various endocrine structures. Surgical resection is the primary treatment for these tumors. However, the majority of NE cancers are metastatic at the time of detection and no effective adjuvant therapies exist for primary NE tumors or their metastases. Patients often develop two or more NE cancers, a syndrome termed multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN). DNA sequencing has lead to breakthroughs in the identification of genes mutated in four types of familial MEN syndromes: Menin, RET, and CDNK1B. Unfortunately, a large percentage of NE cancers are sporadic, resulting from somatic mutations, and a high percentage of these do not harbor menin, RET, or CDNK1B mutations. Our lab has determined that Cdk5 promotes growth in multiple types of NE cancer. Phosphoproteomic studies revealed a selective set of proteins potentially phosphorylated downstream of Cdk5 activation. We hypothesize that these phosphoproteins will serve as biomarkers to identify tumors that will be responsive to anti-Cdk5 therapies. Methods: Phosphorylation state-specific antibodies were generated to novel phosphoprotein sites by inoculation of New Zealand White rabbits with phosphopeptides specific to each site. Antibodies were isolated from rabbit sera by affinity purification using phosphopeptide columns. Human NE cell lines were treated with Cdk5 inhibitors and monitored for effects on phosphoprotein levels. Phosphoprotein levels were examined in growing and arrested medullary thyroid carcinoma tumors isolated from an inducible/arrestable (NSE-tTA; tetO-p25GFP) mouse model and in normal lung versus small cell lung cancer tumors isolated from a triple conditional knockout (p130 f/f; p53 f/f; Rb f/f) mouse model. Phosphoprotein levels were examined in control tissue and human medullary thyroid carcinoma, gastrointestinal NETs, and pancreatic NETs. Results: Phosphorylation state-specific antibodies were successfully generated to 10 novel phosphoproteins. Cdk5 inhibition decreases phosphorylation levels of 5 of these 10 proteins in several types of NE cell lines. Levels of 4 of these phosphoproteins are elevated in human NE tumors. Conclusion: Four novel phosphoproteins downstream of Cdk5 comprise a set of biomarkers for Cdk5-dependent human NE tumors. The combination of these biomarkers with pathway specific therapies currently under development will constitute a coupled diagnostic-therapeutic regimen for personalized treatment of NE cancer patients. Citation Format: Angela M. Carter, Rahul Telange, Sarah Oltmann, Fiemu Nwariaku, Bruce Robinson, Elizabeth Grubbs, James Bibb. Biomarkers of Cdk5 driven neuroendocrine tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Cancer Cell Cycle - Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response; Feb 28-Mar 2, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(11_Suppl):Abstract nr A33.
A non-alternating graph hashing algorithm for large-scale image search (2022)

In the era of big data, methods for improving memory and computational efficiency have become crucial for the successful deployment of technology. Hashing is one of the most effective approaches to deal with the computational limitations associated with big data. One natural way to formulate this problem is spectral hashing, which directly incorporates an affinity to learning binary codes. However, owing to the binary constraints, the optimization becomes intractable. To mitigate this challenge, different relaxation approaches have been proposed to reduce the computational load required to obtain binary codes and still attain a good solution. The problem with all existing relaxation methods involves the use of one or more additional auxiliary variables to attain high-quality binary codes while relaxing the problem. The existence of auxiliary variables leads to the coordinate descent approach, which increases the computational complexity. We argue that the introduction of these variables is unnecessary. To this end, we propose a novel relaxed formulation for spectral hashing that adds no additional variables to the problem. Furthermore, instead of solving the problem in the original space where the number of variables is equal to the data points, we solve the problem in a much smaller space and retrieve the binary codes from this solution. This technique reduces both the memory and computational complexity simultaneously. We apply two optimization techniques, namely, the projected gradient and optimization on the manifold, to obtain the solution. Using comprehensive experiments on four public datasets, we show that the proposed efficient spectral hashing (ESH) algorithm achieves a highly competitive retrieval performance compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms at low complexity.
Analysis of Sparse Bayesian Learning (2002)

The recent introduction of the 'relevance vector machine' has effectively demonstrated how sparsity may be obtained in generalised linear models within a Bayesian framework. Using a particular form of Gaussian parameter prior, 'learning' is the maximisation, with respect to hyperparameters, of the marginal likelihood of the data. This paper studies the properties of that objective function, and demonstrates that conditioned on an individual hyper-parameter, the marginal likelihood has a unique maximum which is computable in closed form. It is further shown that if a derived 'sparsity criterion' is satisfied, this maximum is exactly equivalent to 'pruning' the corresponding parameter from the model.
Serotonergic innervation of the organ of corti of the cat cochlea (1997)

The presence and distribution of serotonin-containing fibers within the adult cat cochlea is reported here for the first time. The 5-HT-like immunoreactive fibers were mainly found in the middle coils of the cat cochlea, following a peripheral distribution similar to that of the olivocochlear lateral efferent system (OLES). Thus, 5-HT-like immunoreactive varicose fibers were found within the intraganglionic spiral bundle, the inner and the tunnel bundles, although, some variation with the distribution of other neuroactive substances of the OLES were observed. In particular, some isolated fibers from the tunnel bundle branched towards the first row of the outer hair cells. Cochlear serotonergic fibers might be involved in the auditory processing within the cochlea as efferent modulating fibers.
Hydrogen silsesquioxane/novolak bilayer resist for high aspect ratio nanoscale electron-beam lithography (2000)

A bilayer resist system, consisting of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) as negative tone electron (e)-beam resist top coat and hard baked novolak resist as bottom coat, has been investigated for its ability to yield high aspect ratio nanoscale structures. For comparison, single layer HSQ (hard mask) has been investigated for its resolution, contrast, and process latitude. In single layer HSQ, dense lines and spaces (1:1) have been resolved down to 20 nm and single lines have been obtained with widths less than 15 nm. Processing conditions which result in higher contrasts in HSQ also result in higher horizontal contrasts, i.e., in poorer process latitudes; this effect has previously been observed for other negative tone e-beam resists as well. In the bilayer combination, HSQ allows nanoscale structures with an aspect ratio exceeding 15 to be etched in hard baked novolak resist. Single lines with 800 nm height and 40 nm width, semidense lines and spaces (1:2) with 155 nm height and 25 nm width, and dense lines and spaces (1:1) with 130 nm height and 40 nm width have been patterned in this bilayer system. Both the single layer HSQ and the HSQ/novolak bilayer system appear to be suitable as e-beam resists for research on nanoscale gates in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) and other devices.
Energy Dependence of Fission Product Yields (2020)

Under a joint collaboration between TUNL-LANL-LLNL, a set of absolute fission product yield measurements has been performed. The energy dependence of a number of cumulative fission product yields (FPY) have been measured using quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams for three actinide targets, 235U, 238U and 239Pu, between 0.5 and 14.8 MeV. The FPYs were measured by a combination of fission counting using specially designed dual-fission chambers and γ-ray counting. Each dual-fission chamber is a back-to-back ionization chamber encasing an activation target in the center with thin deposits of the same target isotope in each chamber. This method allows for the direct measurement of the total number of fissions in the activation target with no reference to the fission cross-section, thus reducing uncertainties. γ-ray counting of the activation target was performed on well-shielded HPGe detectors over a period of two months post irradiation to properly identify fission products. Reported are absolute cumulative fission product yields for incident neutron energies of 0.5, 1.37, 2.4, 3.6, 4.6, 5.5, 7.5, 8.9 and 14.8 MeV. Preliminary results from thermal irradiations at the MIT research reactor will also be presented and compared to present data and evaluations. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Security, LLC under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and by Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory through NNSA Stewardship Science Academic Alliance grant No. DE-FG52-09NA29465, DE-FG52-09NA29448 and Office of Nuclear Physics Grant No. DE-FG02-97ER41033.
Popular Christian Psychologies: Some Reflections (1975)

Within the past ten years a number of Christians, largely untrained in psychology, have attracted great numbers of followers who are seeking advice and self-help formulae for solving personal problems. This article identifies nine characteristics which the popular leaders have in common, suggests reasons for the attractiveness of these leaders, and examines the significance of these popularizers for mental health professionals. The article suggests that the popularizers have arisen to fill a gap left vacant by church leaders and professional counselors who have not shown lay people how to cope with the problems of everyday living.
Two-dimensional crystalline structures and photochemical behavior of cinnamate monolayers on water surfaces (1998)

A direct relationship between the structures of two-dimensional (2-D) crystallites of 4-octadecyloxy-E-cinnamic acid and 4-octadecyloxy-E-cinnamamide amphiphiles at the air-water interface and their photochemical behavior, is presented. The detailed packing arrangements of the monolayers were determined, close to the atomic level, from the diffraction pattern measured, in situ on the water surface, by the grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GID) technique using synchrotron radiation. The products of the photochemical reaction, performed by irradiating the monolayer films directly on the water surface, were collected and analyzed. While the acid crystallites yield a β-truxinic acid product together with the cis-isomer, the amide undergoes only trans-cis isomerisation, in full agreement with the 2-D crystalline packing arrangements of the two amphiphiles on the water surface. Chirality 10:60–65, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss,Inc.
Bioactivity and Applications of Sulphated Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae (2013)

Marine microalgae have been used for a long time as food for humans, such as Arthrospira (formerly, Spirulina), and for animals in aquaculture. The biomass of these microalgae and the compounds they produce have been shown to possess several biological applications with numerous health benefits. The present review puts up-to-date the research on the biological activities and applications of polysaccharides, active biocompounds synthesized by marine unicellular algae, which are, most of the times, released into the surrounding medium (exo- or extracellular polysaccharides, EPS). It goes through the most studied activities of sulphated polysaccharides (sPS) or their derivatives, but also highlights lesser known applications as hypolipidaemic or hypoglycaemic, or as biolubricant agents and drag-reducers. Therefore, the great potentials of sPS from marine microalgae to be used as nutraceuticals, therapeutic agents, cosmetics, or in other areas, such as engineering, are approached in this review.
Experimental Study Of Nanostructured Carbon Implants For Management Of Circular Diaphyseal Long Bone Defects (2015)

Purpose: A canine model was used to obtain scientific findings on the use of a nanostructured carbon implant (NCI) for management of long bone diaphyseal defects.
Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted on 18 adult dogs. Circular tibial diaphyseal defects in the right hind limb were formed in group 1 (n=9) and group 2 (n=9) that measured 10 mm (9% of the initial tibial length) and 20 mm (16% of the initial tibial length) respectively. Porous NCIs (NanoTechMedPlus, Velikiy Novgorod, Russia) of the size of the defect formed were placed into the gaps. The limb was fixed with the Ilizarov apparatus. NCI osteointegration features and safety were checked immediately after the operation; at two, four, 12, and 26 weeks after it. Clinical, radiographic, biochemical and histological methods were used.
Results: The biochemical study revealed that the NCI was biologically inert and safe. The histological study showed active osteointegration and ingrowth of vessels into its NCI pores. The NCI-to-bone fragment block was formed after 155 days on average. Bone osteointegration and formation was more active in a smaller defect management.
Conclusion: The NCI tested plays the role of a porous scaffold for ingrowth of blood vessels and bone cells. The bone-to-implant block is formed in the early postoperative period. The NCI meets the requirements to the products implanted into the living body and can be recommended for clinical trials in long bone diaphyseal defect management.