gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization and adaptive control of a semi‐batch synthesis reactor (1993)

Abstract The optimization of a chemical synthesis aims at an adjustment of the operating conditions, i.e. pH, temperature and initial concentrations, in order to obtain maximum yield, minimum operating costs or similar. The optimization effort may be considerable so that, in many cases, its cost cannot be justified, especially for small volume products. This paper introduces a new strategy, namely to establish the optimum operating conditions with a relatively small effort. The new approach is illustrated by the synthesis of 2‐furyl oxirane. In the first step, a simplified mechanistic process model has to be determined on the basis of easily accessible experimental data. Initial and final concentrations of all reacting components, reaction time and temperature must be known. A two‐step evaluation yields the stoichiometric coefficients of all the occurring reactions as well as the parameters of the Arrhenius model. This so‐called trend model is used in the optimization of the operating conditions. It is not only important to know the optimum operating conditions but also to maintain them as close as possible in practical operation. An adaptive controller is well suited to such an application and its use is discussed.
Developing a dynamic bio-inspired intelligent system to support diabetic patients (2017)

This paper proposes a new biologically-inspired phenomenological model of insulin release that can be used to continuously monitor a person with diabetes and therefore recommend insulin dose and predict events. Given all the parameters and conditions that have to be met in order to achieve stability, the proposed insulin-release system will be considered as highly non-linear and dynamical. The resulting model will study the mechanisms that keep the system from reaching a chaotic state (diabetes), based on the property of self-organised criticality. This property was selected since it has been previously identified and studied in other dynamical biological systems. The proposed model will then be used as part of a model-based reasoning system that aims to support patients with diabetes.
Hydrogeologic inferences from drillers' logs and from gravity and resistivity surveys in the Amargosa Desert, southern Nevada (1989)

The Amargosa Desert of southern Nevada, in the Basin and Range province, is hydraulically downgradient from Yucca Mountain, the potential site of a repository for high-level nuclear waste. Ground-water flow paths and flow rates beneath the Amargosa Desert are controlled in part by the total saturated thickness and the hydraulic properties of basin-fill alluvial sediments. Drillers' logs of water wells completed in alluvium were analyzed to help characterize the hydrogeologic framework underlying the Amargosa Desert. Fractions of coarse-grained sediments, calculated from each of these logs, were contoured using a universal-kriging routine to interpolate values. Results from a previous electrical sounding survey also were contoured, including the estimated depth to Paleozoic (?) basement rocks. The vertical electric sounding results were obtained from individual depth-to-resistivity profiles, from which the average resistivity of the total profile and the resistivity of the upper 75 meters were calculated. The distribution and variations in' average resistivity of the total depth correlated reasonably well with the distribution of variations in regional gravity. Patterns of contours of the resistivity of the upper 75 meters of alluvium were similar to patterns of regional contours of the predominant cation (sodium) in ground water. Gravity lows correspond in some places to the presence of lacustrine, eolian, or marsh surface deposits, which may function as barriers to groundwater flow. Gravity lows also correspond to areas with thick basin-fill sediments, which was corroborated by depth-to-basement data determined from vertical electric soundings. Depths to Paleozoic (?) basement rocks may be as much as 1,600 meters based on data from the resistivity survey, which were corroborated in part by seismic-refraction survey data. Small variations exist in the percentage of the basin fill that is saturated. The unsaturated zone is always less than 15 percent of the alluvial column. Analysis of depth-to-water and hydrochemical data, in conjuction with average resistivity data for the upper 75 meters of alluvium, suggests a hydrologic barrier near the center of the Amargosa Desert.
Abdominal Computed Tomographic Scan for Patients with Gunshot Wounds to the Abdomen Selected for Nonoperative Management (2005)

Abdominal CT scanning is a safe and useful method of selecting AGSW patients for NOM. Further exploration is needed to define the precise benefits of routine CT scanning over clinical examination with selective CT scanning.
Open aortic anastomosis: improved results in the treatment of aneurysms of the aortic arch. (1982)

Over a 7-month period, 15 consecutive patients underwent resection and reconstruction of the transverse aortic arch for a variety of pathologic lesions using moderate systemic hypothermia (24 degrees C) and brief circulatory arrest. Simplified surgical techniques were developed to allow rapid repair. The "open" aortic technique facilitated repair of arch aneurysms, aortic dissections and obstructive lesions of the arch tributaries. The mean cerebral ischemic time was 11.2 +/- 1.5 minutes (mean +/- SEM). Moderate hypothermia afforded adequate cerebral and myocardial protection during circulatory arrest and shortened the duration of extracorporeal bypass necessary for the cooling and rewarming phases (87 +/- 8 minutes). Dacron grafts preclotted by a new method greatly reduced postoperative blood loss. Since these simplified techniques were adopted, 14 patients (93%) have survived aortic arch replacement, with minimal postoperative morbidity. One patients with severe preoperative left ventricular dysfunction died of cardiac failure after operation. These results suggest that aortic arch replacement can be performed safely and with low operative risk.
Detailed analysis of Ga-rich current pathways created in an n-Al0.7Ga0.3N layer grown on an AlN template with dense macrosteps (2020)

Abstract To clarify the behavior of the AlGaN in 20 nm wide Ga-rich current pathways in an n-AlGaN layer, which assists carrier localization in AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes, we performed a detailed analysis using an n-Al 0.7 Ga 0.3 N layer on AlN with dense macrosteps on a 1.0° miscut sapphire substrate. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, obtained using cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy calibrated by Rutherford backscattering and cross-sectional cathodoluminescence spectra, indicated that AlN mole fraction in the Ga-rich current pathways was nearly ~2/3. This result is consistent with those of other research groups, suggesting that metastable Al 2/3 Ga 1/3 N is created in Ga-rich current pathways.
Implications for developing countries (2013)

The level of cloud adoption in most developing countries is still low. Nevertheless, this is an appropriate moment to consider what opportunities and challenges the evolving cloud economy may bring to developing countries. The picture differs between countries as well as between types of cloud service customer. The ability to seize opportunities presented by cloud computing and to avoid the pitfalls associated with it will depend substantially on the level of cloud readiness, particularly in terms of broadband connectivity (chapter II) and appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks (chapter IV).
Adaptive compensation of High Frequency Memory Effects of a Realistic Amplifier in an OFDM System (2007)

5 pages
A photoactive carotenoid protein acting as light intensity sensor (2008)

Intense sunlight is dangerous for photosynthetic organisms. Cyanobacteria, like plants, protect themselves from light-induced stress by dissipating excess absorbed energy as heat. Recently, it was discovered that a soluble orange carotenoid protein, the OCP, is essential for this photoprotective mechanism. Here we show that the OCP is also a member of the family of photoactive proteins; it is a unique example of a photoactive protein containing a carotenoid as the photoresponsive chromophore. Upon illumination with blue-green light, the OCP undergoes a reversible transformation from its dark stable orange form to a red "active" form. The red form is essential for the induction of the photoprotective mechanism. The illumination induces structural changes affecting both the carotenoid and the protein. Thus, the OCP is a photoactive protein that senses light intensity and triggers photoprotection.
Free-Standing Poly (Acrylic) Acid / Potassium Hydroxide Based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane As Electrolyte for Printed Zinc/Silver Oxide Batteries (2020)

Printable batteries have attracted great attention as an emerging power source for wearable electronics such as RFID tags, implantable medical devices etc. The need for environmentally friendly batteries with high energy density has led to the development of partially printed primary zinc-silver oxide batteries. It has been reported that printed Zn/Ag 2 O systems have low cost, lightweight and easy processing methods. A free-standing polymer membrane (FSM) made up of poly(acrylic) acid, poly(ethylene)oxide and potassium hydroxide has not been systematically studied for its application as an electrolyte in printed batteries. In this work, we have prepared and characterized FSM for its compatibility to be used as an electrolyte in a Zn/Ag 2 O systems by employing electrochemical, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Cyclic voltammetry is used to understand the electrochemical processes going on the electrode, charge-discharge curves are reported to present the specific capacity of the battery. For printed electrodes, ionic conductivity is of the order of 10 -3 siemens.cm -1 transference number (Zn + ), for Zn|| FSM||Zn (Printed zinc (Zn)) cell structure is 0.247. Further, a comparative study of FSM behavior with printed zinc and the zinc metal foil electrodes is done with an intention to understand the electrochemical behaviour of zinc electrodes in Zn/Ag 2 O all-solid-state battery device. Specific capacities of 3.604 and 2.495 mAh.cm -2 are achieved for batteries having zinc printed and metal foil electrodes respectively. Though printed electrodes demonstrated better specific capacity, its repeatability remains an issue. Further work is being done to address the issue of electrode recyclability and performance repeatability.
RNA METABOLISM IN HELA CELLS AT REDUCED TEMPERATURE (1971)

Incubation of HeLa cells at suboptimal temperature has been used to study the synthesis of 45S ribosomal RNA precursor and the individual steps of the subsequent processing to 28S RNA. Below 20 degrees C no detectable 45S RNA is formed. The processing of 45S RNA to 32S RNA ceases around 15 degrees C, and the processing of 32S RNA to 28S RNA is inhibited near 25 degrees C. Prolonged incubation at reduced temperature results in further modification of the processing, resulting in the apparent accumulation of 41S RNA. The products of these reactions at reduced temperature appear normal in that the ribosomal RNA made at 27 degrees C can be isolated from functional polyribosomes in the cytoplasm after a short incubation at 37 degrees C.
Synthesis of nonionic gadolinium chelates useful as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging: 1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-10-substituted-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanes and their corresponding gadolinium chelates (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of nonionic gadolinium chelates useful as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging: 1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-10-substituted-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanes and their corresponding gadolinium chelatesD. D. Dischino, E. J. Delaney, J. E. Emswiler, G. T. Gaughan, J. S. Prasad, S. K. Srivastava, and M. F. TweedleCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 6, 1265–1269Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00006a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00006a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1582Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DLP - An introduction (2005)

DLP -- Description Logic Programs -- is the name for the common language that is able to integrate knowledge bases described in Description Logic with Logic Programs. In this introduction, we offer a very short overview of DLP, the motivation for it, the benefits it offers and how to use it.
An automated system for carbohydrate analysis based on microdialysis, high-performance anion exchange chromatography, electrochemical detection, and mass spectrometry (1998)

An automated system is suggested and presented for the analysis of carbohydrates. The system is based on already existing components such as microdialysis, flow-injection analysis (FIA), high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), integrated pulsed electrochemical detection (IPED), a biosensor, on-line desalting employing a cation exchange membrane desalting device (CEMDD), and mass spectrometry (MS). A hydrolysate containing mono- and oligosaccharides is profiled using an in situ tunable microdialysis probe fitted with a polysulfone membrane with a cutoff of 30 kDa, in combination with HPAEC and IPED. Sensitivities using IPED and MS are demonstrated to be equal, so it is thought to be well suited for an automated on-line triple-detection system. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 10: 361–367, 1998
(Invited) Investigation of Single WS2Nanotubes Leads to New Observations and Potential Applications (2017)

High temperature synthesis of different nanotubes (INT) and fullerene-like (IF) nanoparticles from inorganic layered compounds, like WS2 and numerous others has ensued a rich chemistry. Scaling up the production of IF/INT-WS2 resulted in numerous commercial applications, particularly as superior solid lubricants. To exploit the full potential of these nanoparticles we are developing extensive series of experimentations with individual nanotubes/nanoparticles. One of the main advantages of this approach is the possibility to confront the experimental data with detailed model calculations. Several approaches for this kind of strategy are demonstrated in the presentation, in particular in relation to their mechanical, electronic and optical properties.
Parking events derived from trip data from MiD2008 (2019)

The data set covers mobility diaries in 6.465 German car users for one week. This data set is based on the work of [1]. The car users noted their mobility behavior in for a whole week. The participants started logging their mobility patterns on different days. In the end, the data was aggregated starting on a Monday. The time of data collection was selected so that there were no holidays in the data. This data for different driver types are found in the CSV-files named "DrivingProfiles_*.CSV" During the week the participants noted where they went, \eg work, shopping, home, the mode of transportation and the distance traveled. This resulted in mobility diaries in 15 minutes resolution. Each column represents a 15-minute slot. One driver is resembled by to lines. First, her location, second, her distance traveled by car in the 15-minute slot. From this data, we derived parking events with different features found in ParkingEventsData.csv [1] Zumkeller, D., Chlond, B., Ottmann, P., Kagerbauer, M., &amp; Kuhnimhof, T. (2011). Deutsches Mobilitätspanel (MOP)–wissenschaftliche Begleitung und erste Auswertungen. Kurzbericht. Karlsruhe: Institut für Verkehrswesen, Universität Karlsruhe. The original data set can be acquired via https://daten.clearingstelle-verkehr.de/192/
Leptin alters metabolic rates before acquisition of its anorectic effect in developing neonatal mice (1999)

Leptin inhibits food intake and increases metabolic rates in adult mice. Neonatal mice need to maximize food intake and also maintain high thermoregulatory metabolic rates to optimize survival, suggesting that leptin may function differentially in neonatal versus adult animals. The efficacy of exogenous leptin to alter these two physiological functions during development was thus examined in C57BL/6J lean (+/+ or ob/+) and ob/ob (leptin-deficient) mice. Intraperitoneal leptin administration (1 mg/kg body wt) to lean and ob/ob pups from 7 to 10 days of age did not affect milk intake, oxygen consumption, body weight, or epididymal fat pad weights. Intracerebroventricular injection of 1 microg leptin to 9-day-old pups also failed to influence milk intake or oxygen consumption. Because neither lean nor ob/ob pups responded to exogenous leptin, high endogenous plasma leptin concentrations per se in these lean mice do not explain their resistance to leptin. Leptin administered intracerebroventricularly also failed to alter milk/food intakes of 17-day-old pups but markedly increased oxygen consumption of these older mice. By 28 days of age, intracerebroventricular leptin inhibited food intake. The well-defined actions of leptin to reduce food intake and enhance metabolic rates do not develop synchronously. The ability of leptin to accelerate metabolic rates is acquired early in life and independent of its anorectic action, which may promote survival of neonates.
Long-term use of valproate in primary psychiatric disorders. (1989)

Thirty-five patients, all with major depressive illness, bipolar disorder, or schizoaffective disorder, were retrospectively identified as having received valproate either alone or in combination with lithium, after having failed to adequately respond to previous lithium and/or carbamazepine treatment. Clinical evaluation and Global Assessment Scale (GAS) scores indicated that at baseline all but 3 of the patients experienced serious psychiatric symptoms, serious impairment in social or professional functioning, or significant impairment in reality testing. Mean GAS scores after a mean duration of at least 1 year of valproate administration improved in 7 of 9 depressed patients, 12 of 12 patients with bipolar disorder, and 11 of 14 patients with schizoaffective states. Mean increases in GAS scores were 27.7 points for depressive disorder patients, 34.5 points for mixed bipolar disorder patients, and 17.1 points for patients with schizoaffective states. For patients with either depressive disorders or mixed bipolar disorders, that mean change represented a level of improvement sufficient to elevate the majority of the patients into the mild symptom range or the virtually asymptomatic state. That improvement was confirmed by the investigator's global evaluation of patient response with regard to affect: valproate administration produced significant affective responses in 7 of 9 depressed patients, 12 of 12 patients with mixed bipolar disorders, and 11 of 14 patients with schizoaffective states. The responses of patients with bipolar and schizoaffective disorders to valproate treatment compared with valproate plus lithium treatment were also evaluated. Patients in both diagnostic categories demonstrated very similar and quite substantial improvement in mean change in GAS ratings and global evaluations, regardless of whether valproate was administered alone or in combination with lithium.
Economic and On Demand Brain Activity Analysis on Global Grids (2003)

The lack of computational power within an organization for analyzing scientific data, and the distribution of knowledge (by scientists) and technologies (advanced scientific devices) are two major problems commonly observed in scientific disciplines. One such scientific discipline is brain science. The analysis of brain activity data gathered from the MEG (Magnetoencephalography) instrument is an important research topic in medical science since it helps doctors in identifying symptoms of diseases. The data needs to be analyzed exhaustively to efficiently diagnose and analyze brain functions and requires access to large-scale computational resources. The potential platform for solving such resource intensive applications is the Grid. This paper describes a MEG data analysis system developed by us, leveraging Grid technologies, primarily Nimrod-G, Gridbus, and Globus. This paper explains the application of economy-based grid scheduling algorithms to the problem domain for on-demand processing of analysis jobs.
Global Matrix 4.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Adolescents: Results and Analyses From 57 Countries (2022)

The Global Matrix 4.0 represents the largest compilation of children's and adolescents' PA indicators to date. While variation in data sources informing the grades across countries was observed, this initiative highlighted low PA levels in children and adolescents globally. Measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, local/international conflicts, climate change, and economic change threaten to worsen this situation.