gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of undernutrition during gestation on skeletal muscle cellularity and on the expression of genes that control muscle growth (2004)

We examined the effects of two levels of gestational undernutrition (50 % and 40 % of ad libitum) on postnatal growth rate, skeletal muscle cellularity and the expression of genes that control muscle growth, in the offspring at weaning. The results showed that the rat pups born to mothers fed the 50 % diet during gestation and a control diet during lactation had an increased postnatal growth rate compared with the pups fed the more restricted diet (40 % of ad libitum). Surprisingly, the growth rate of the control group (ad libitum) was intermediate between the 50 % and 40 % groups. The restricted diets did not alter the number of muscle fibres in the semitendinosus muscle of the offspring but the number of muscle nuclei was reduced by 16 % in the 40 % group compared with the control group. In the 50 % group, the lightest pups at birth (L) had elevated muscle insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF binding protein (BP)-5 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mRNA compared with the L pups from both the control and 40 % groups. The heaviest pups at birth (H) in the 50 % group had increased levels of IGFBP-4, PCNA and M-cadherin mRNA compared with both the control and 40 % groups. Levels of IGF-1 receptor, myostatin and MyoD mRNA did not correlate with postnatal growth. Both H and L pups from the 40 % group had reduced muscle IGF-1 mRNA but all other transcripts examined were similar to control levels. The results suggest that the increased postnatal growth rate, which accompanied milder fetal undernutrition (50 %), may be due to a more active local muscle IGF system and increased muscle-cell proliferation.
3.2: High Dynamic Range Projection Systems (2007)

Abstract Digital cinema and home theatre applications need to compete with analog film in terms of image quality. The single most important performance specification of a projection system, and the largest gap in the competition between digital and analog projectors, is the relatively low dynamic range of luminance of current digital projectors. In this paper we introduce a novel digital system capable of displaying images with a high enough dynamic range to rival analog film. The projection system described is based on a serial combination of light modulating devices, such as two liquid crystal micro‐display panels within a projection light engine. One of the modulation steps can be of lower spatial resolution and contrast. This increases the optical efficiency of the system and avoids optical artifacts. We describe several hardware implementations of this approach as well as the required image processing. Finally, we present an evaluation of the designs in terms of performance, image quality and cost.
Expression of chemically synthesized -neo-endorphin gene fused to E. coli alkaline phosphatase (1983)

An alpha-neo-endorphin (alpha NE) gene, which we previously synthesized chemically and inserted into E. coli beta-galactosidase gene of pK013 plasmid, has been excised and fused to E. coli alkaline phosphatase (APase) gene. One of the transformants was named E15/pA alpha NE1. Under the APase gene regulation, APase-alpha NE chimeric protein was expressed at 1.3 X 10(6) molecules per cell, and accounted for about 60% of total cellular proteins. The HPLC pattern of CNBr treated E15/pA alpha NE1 was very simple reflecting the high content of the chimeric protein and low numbers of methionine residues in it. A series of genes encoding APase-alpha NE chimeric proteins in which 30 to 94 C-terminal amino acid residues were replaced by (met)-alpha NE, was cloned in E. coli. Transportation of the chimeric proteins to periplasmic space was studied. All chimeric proteins were apparently processed by signal peptidase but few, if any, was transported to the periplasmic space.
The laboratory diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants. (1989)

With the well-documented association of lupus anticoagulants with thrombotic disease and recurrent spontaneous abortion, the laboratory approach to diagnosing these inhibitors is more critical now. To this end, we examined plasma samples from 21 patients who initially presented with a prolonged prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time or both for the presence of lupus anticoagulants. We used a battery of coagulation tests, including both immediate and two-hour mixing studies, a platelet neutralization procedure, a tissue thromboplastin inhibition test, and dilute Russell viper venom times. Two patients (10%) had only a prolonged prothrombin time, seven (33%) had only a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, and in 12 (57%) both were abnormal. In 15 patients, inhibition was evident on immediate assay of equal-volume mixture studies of patient plasma and normal pooled plasma, but in three additional patients it was evident only after a two-hour incubation. Fifteen of 18 samples showed correction of the abnormal screening study when platelets were used as a source of phospholipid. Both the tissue thromboplastin inhibition test and dilute Russell viper venom times were sensitive assays, being abnormal in 20 of 21 and 13 of 14 samples, respectively. In four patients, discordance of studies necessitated specific coagulation factor levels being measured to confirm the presence of the inhibitor. Because of the variable effect of the inhibitors on all currently available assay procedures, we would suggest that any evaluation will require a laboratory to have a battery of tests available before such an inhibitor can be excluded.
Early detection of unilateral ureteral obstruction by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2019)

Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is an emerging analytical tool for rapid in situ assessment of metabolomic profiles on tissue sections without tissue pretreatment or labeling. We applied DESI-MS to identify candidate metabolic biomarkers associated with kidney injury at the early stage. DESI-MS was performed on sections of kidneys from 80 mice over a time course following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and compared to sham controls. A predictive model of renal damage was constructed using the LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) method. Levels of lipid and small metabolites were significantly altered and glycerophospholipids comprised a significant fraction of altered species. These changes correlate with altered expression of lipid metabolic genes, with most genes showing decreased expression. However, rapid upregulation of PG(22:6/22:6) level appeared to be a hitherto unknown feature of the metabolic shift observed in UUO. Using LASSO and SAM (significance analysis of microarrays), we identified a set of well-measured metabolites that accurately predicted UUO-induced renal damage that was detectable by 12 h after UUO, prior to apparent histological changes. Thus, DESI-MS could serve as a useful adjunct to histology in identifying renal damage and demonstrates early and broad changes in membrane associated lipids.
Discovering and disambiguating named entities in text (2013)

Disambiguating named entities in natural language texts maps ambiguous names to canonical entities registered in a knowledge base such as DBpedia, Freebase, or YAGO. Knowing the specific entity is an important asset for several other tasks, e.g. entity-based information retrieval or higher-level information extraction. Our approach to named entity disambiguation makes use of several ingredients: the prior probability of an entity being mentioned, the similarity between the context of the mention in the text and an entity, as well as the coherence among the entities. Extending this method, we present a novel and highly efficient measure to compute the semantic coherence between entities. This measure is especially powerful for long-tail entities or such entities that are not yet present in the knowledge base. Reliably identifying names in the input text that are not part of the knowledge base is the current focus of our work.
Monoallelic up-regulation of the imprinted H19 gene in airway epithelium of phenotypically normal cigarette smokers. (2003)

H19, a paternally imprinted gene, is postulated to have regulatory functions in normal development and oncogenesis. Loss of imprinting (LOI) of H19 is observed in human malignancies, including lung cancer. Microarray assessment of gene expression patterns in airway epithelium of healthy 20 pack-year smokers versus nonsmokers revealed that smokers have dramatically elevated H19 RNA levels without alteration of expression of other imprinted genes. Interestingly, the up-regulation of H19 was not attributable to LOI, i.e., expression of H19 in smokers was monoallelic. These observations suggest that cigarette smoking initially induces up-regulation of the active H19 allele and that there is likely progression to LOI as the burden of smoking increases and as the epithelium undergoes transition from normal to neoplastic. Overexpression and eventual LOI of H19 may represent early markers in the progression of airway epithelium toward lung cancer.
Magnetoresistance due to chaos and nonlinear resonances in lateral surface superlattices (1992)

We show that chaos and nonlinear resonances are clearly reflected in the magnetotransport in lateral surface superlattices and thereby explain a series of magnetoresistance peaks observed recently in ``antidot'' arrays on semiconductor heterojunctions. We find a mechanism of cyclotron-orbit pinning in an electric field resulting from Kolmogorov-Arnol'd-Moser tori. An experimental verification is suggested in terms of an enhanced cyclotron frequency associated with an anomalously reduced cyclotron radius.
Nanoscale Li-S Battery Interfaces Investigated with In-Situ Electrochemical TEM. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
The Importance of Context Awareness in Acoustics-Based Automated Beehive Monitoring (2022)

The vital role of honeybees in pollination and their high rate of mortality in the last decade have raised concern among beekeepers and researchers alike. As such, robust and remote sensing of beehives has emerged as a potential tool to help monitor the health of honeybees. Over the last decade, several monitoring systems have been proposed, including those based on in-hive acoustics. Despite its popularity, existing audio-based systems do not take context into account (e.g., environmental noise factors), and thus the performance may be severely hampered when deployed. In this paper, we investigate the effect that three different environmental noise factors (i.e., nearby train rail squealing, beekeeper speech, and rain noise) can have on three acoustic features (i.e., spectrogram, mel frequency cepstral coefficients, and discrete wavelet coefficients) used in existing automated beehive monitoring systems. To this end, audio data were collected continuously over a period of three months (August, September, and October) in 2021 from 11 urban beehives located in downtown Montréal, Québec, Canada. A system based on these features and a convolutional neural network was developed to predict beehive strength, an indicator of the size of the colony. Results show the negative impact that environmental factors can have across all tested features, resulting in an increase of up to 355% in mean absolute prediction error when heavy rain was present.
Analytic Performance Prediction of Track-to-Track Association with Biased Data in Multi-Sensor Multi-Target Tracking Scenarios (2013)

An analytic method for predicting the performance of track-to-track association (TTTA) with biased data in multi-sensor multi-target tracking scenarios is proposed in this paper. The proposed method extends the existing results of the bias-free situation by accounting for the impact of sensor biases. Since little insight of the intrinsic relationship between scenario parameters and the performance of TTTA can be obtained by numerical simulations, the proposed analytic approach is a potential substitute for the costly Monte Carlo simulation method. Analytic expressions are developed for the global nearest neighbor (GNN) association algorithm in terms of correct association probability. The translational biases of sensors are incorporated in the expressions, which provide good insight into how the TTTA performance is affected by sensor biases, as well as other scenario parameters, including the target spatial density, the extraneous track density and the average association uncertainty error. To show the validity of the analytic predictions, we compare them with the simulation results, and the analytic predictions agree reasonably well with the simulations in a large range of normally anticipated scenario parameters.
Driving problems in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (2005)

Over 50% of respondents reported some degree of difficulty driving due to their RA. Scores on HAQ-DI > or = 1 were associated with difficulty driving. Further validation of our findings needs to be performed.
Expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) in human neuromuscular disorders (1997)

Immunohistochemical studies using antibodies to myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) Myo D, myogenin, myf-5, and myf-6, and transcription factors c-Fos and c-Jun, were performed on muscle biopsies from patients suffering from Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies, polymyositis, and denervation atrophy, to investigate whether expression of these factors occurs during degeneration and regeneration of adult muscle fibres. Strong Myo D, myogenin, myf-5 and myf-6 immunoreactivity was observed in the nuclei of small regenerating fibres and satellite cells, as revealed by double-labelling immunohistochemistry with N-CAM antibodies, in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies and in polymyositis. This suggests that the myogenic programme is activated during regeneration of adult human muscle fibres. In addition, strong myf-6 and c-Jun immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of some necrotic muscle fibres in patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies and in patients with polymyositis. The latter findings suggest that strong cytoplasmic expression of myf-6 and c-Jun is related to the process of muscle fibre degeneration that occurs in these conditions. Increased Myo D, myogenin, myf-5 and myf-6 immunoreactivity was not observed in the nuclei of denervated muscle fibres, although strong c-Fos and c-Jun immunoreactivity was seen in the nuclei of denervated muscle fibres; this suggests that denervation triggers the expression of these transcription factors. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that MRFs and c-Fos and c-Jun are selectively expressed in different human muscular disorders.
Advanced High-Temperature Alloys: Processing and Properties (1986)

Achievements in high-temperature metallurgy, solidification, and metals processing are highlighted in 16 conference papers. The first section is on solidification. It discusses direct casting of coilable ferrous alloy strips, metallurgical advances in investment casting technology, and the development of single-crystal superalloy turbine blades. The interface of rapidly solidified materials and particle metallurgy is presented by atomization models and mechanisms. Also covered in this second section are rapidly cast crystalline thin sheet materials and mechanical alloying for preparing superalloys. Another section looks into advanced mechanical processing. It reviews the role of hot isostatic pressing, advances in superplastic materials, and thermomechanical processing of Inconel 718 and its effects on properties. The final section deals with the trends and needs of high-temperature materials, superalloys in 2001, titanium aluminides as future turbine materials and creep damage. The information available through these proceedings will give the reader an updated look at high-temperature materials.
Design of a Halbach Magnet Array Based on Optimization Techniques (2008)

We have designed a Halbach magnet array by using a numerical optimization method based on finite-element analysis. The magnetization direction of each element is defined as the design variable. The optimal magnet arrays composed of two and three linear magnet layers can then be investigated to increase the attractive, repulsive, and tangential magnetic forces between magnet layers. We have applied a magnet array maximizing the tangential force to a torsional spring composed of two- and three-magnet rings. The two-dimensional finite-element analysis incorporates optimization techniques such as the sequential linear programming and the adjoint variable method.
Characterizing the Normative Voice Tremor Frequency in Essential Vocal Tremor (2018)

To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date to characterize the normal frequency of tremor in patients with EVT. The normative frequency of EVT (range, 3.8-5.5 Hz) falls within a much narrower range than previously reported. Those whose frequency is outside this range may still have EVT but should be carefully evaluated for potential other causes of vocal tremor. Defining characteristics of EVT may aid appropriate diagnosis and improve understanding of this disease.
Structure of the 53BP1 BRCT region bound to p53 and its comparison to the Brca1 BRCT structure (2002)

Brca1 C-terminal (BRCT) domains are a common protein-protein interaction motif in proteins involved in the DNA damage response and DNA repair. The DNA-damage response protein 53BP1 has two BRCT domains that bind to the DNA-binding domain of p53. The 53BP1 tandem-BRCT region is homologous to the tandem-BRCT region of Brca1, which is involved in double-strand break repair and homologous recombination and which binds BACH1, a member of the DEAH helicase family. Here we report the structures of a human 53BP1-p53 complex and of the rat Brca1 BRCT repeats. The 53BP1-p53 structure shows that the two BRCT repeats are arranged tandemly and pack extensively through an interface that also involves the inter-repeat linker. The first BRCT repeat and the linker together bind p53 on a region that overlaps with the DNA-binding surface of p53 and involves p53 residues that are mutated in cancer and are important for DNA binding. Comparison with the structure of the tandem-BRCT region of Brca1 shows a remarkable conservation of the repeat arrangement and of the inter-BRCT repeat interface. Analysis of human BRCA1 tumor-derived mutations and conservation identifies a potential protein-binding site that we show through mutagenesis is involved in BACH1 binding. The BACH1-binding region of Brca1 consists of a unique insertion in the first BRCT repeat and the inter-repeat linker and is analogous to the region of 53BP1 that binds p53.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Diagnostic accuracy of 320-row multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography in the non-invasive evaluation of significant coronary artery disease. (2010)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Diagnostic accuracy of 320-row multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography in the non-invasive evaluation of significant coronary artery disease.
Progress towards a 20 kV, 2 kA plasma source, ion implantation modulator for automotive production of diamond film on aluminum (2002)

This paper provides the process requirements and the electrical design topology being developed to facilitate large scale production of amorphous diamond films on aluminum. The patented recipe, that includes other surface modification processes, requires various operational voltages, duty cycles and current load regimes to ensure a high quality film. It is desirable to utilize a common modulator design for this relatively "low voltage" recipe. Processing may include target part cleaning, ion implantation, plasma deposition and vacuum chamber cleaning. Modulator performance will have a direct impact on plant size and system economics. Unfortunately, process requirements are in a regime that is not easily achievable by solid state or very efficiently by vacuum tube devices.
Report of the NASPE Policy Conference Training Requirements for Permanent Pacemaker Selection, Implantation, and Follow‐Up (1994)

NASPE proposes and supports the concept of a two-tracked training system in cardiac pacing. Track I training will properly train physicians for the prescription of pacemakers and the monitoring of pacemaker patients, and track II training will properly prepare physicians for the implantation of pacemakers. Regardless of specialty (cardiologist or surgeon) or training venue (cardiac pacing fellowship, cardiac electrophysiology and pacing fellowship, sabbatical or mentor sponsored training), it is recommended that these minimum standards be required for hospital credentialing. NASPE also supports the voluntary institution by training program directors of core pacing training in cardiovascular disease and cardiac electrophysiology fellowships. This core training does not in itself constitute proper track I or II training for physicians interested in adequately prescribing, monitoring, or implanting cardiac pacemakers.
Redox Regulation of Adenovirus-Induced AP-1 Activation by Overexpression of Manganese-Containing Superoxide Dismutase (2002)

Adenovirus gene therapy is a promising tool in the clinical treatment of many genetic and acquired diseases. However, it has also caused pathogenic effects in organs such as the liver. The redox-sensitive transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB have been implicated in these effects. To study the mechanisms of adenovirus-mediated AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation and the possible involvement of oxidative stress in adenovirus transduction, rats were injected with either replication-defective recombinant adenovirus with DNA containing the cytomegalovirus promoter region only (AdCMV), adenovirus containing human manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) cDNA (AdMnSOD), or vehicle. Compared to vehicle and AdCMV transduction, MnSOD gene transfer yielded a fivefold increase in liver MnSOD activity 7 days postinjection. Gel shift assay showed that AdCMV transduction induced DNA binding activity for AP-1 but not NF-kappaB. MnSOD overexpression abolished this activation. Western blotting analysis of c-Fos and c-Jun suggested that up-regulation of c-fos and c-jun gene expression does not directly contribute to the induction of AP-1 activation. Glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratios were decreased by adenovirus transduction and restored by MnSOD overexpression. The AP-1 binding activity that was induced by AdCMV was decreased by immunoprecipitation of Ref-1 protein. Ref-1 involvement was confirmed by restoration of AP-1 binding activity after the immunoprecipitated Ref-1 protein had been added back. AP-1 DNA binding activity was also elevated in control and AdMnSOD-injected rats after addition of the immunoprecipitated Ref-1 protein. These data indicate that cellular transduction by recombinant adenovirus stimulates AP-1 DNA binding activity. Furthermore, our results suggest that MnSOD overexpression decreases AP-1 DNA binding activity by regulating intracellular redox status, with the possible involvement of Ref-1 in this redox-sensitive pathway.