gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystallization Mechanism of Gel-Derived SiO2–TiO2 Amorphous Nanobeads Elucidated by High-Temperature In Situ Experiments (2023)

SiO2–TiO2 amorphous nanobeads with a TiO2 content up to 50 mol % were synthesized by sol–gel spray drying. Their crystallization during heat treatments was then characterized by in situ high-temperature techniques including X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and particularly high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Intrinsic nanoscale chemical modulations could be identified already in the as-prepared nanobeads and were shown to play a major role for the nonisochemical precipitation of TiO2 nanocrystals during heating experiments: the size and compositional contrast of such fluctuations progressively evolved and increased until the emergence of long-range ordering. The formation of TiO2 polymorphs occurred according to Ostwald’s rule of stages, with the metastable TiO2(B) phase acting as a precursor to stabilize anatase and rutile. The temporary appearance of TiO2(B) nanocrystals at early annealing stages was interpreted as the first direct experimental observation of subcritical crystalline nuclei.
High Performance Electrochromic Devices Based on Anodized Nanoporous Nb2O5 (2013)

Despite the predictions, the true potential of Nb2O5 for electrochromic applications has yet to be fully realized. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) compact and well-ordered nanoporous Nb2O5 films are synthesized by the electrochemical anodization of niobium thin films. These films are formed using RF sputtering and then anodized in an electrolyte containing ethylene glycol, ammonium fluoride, and small water content (4%) at 50 °C which resulted in low embedded impurities within the structure. Characterization of the anodized films shows that a highly crystalline orthorhombic phase of Nb2O5 is obtained after annealing at 450 °C. The 3D structure provides a template consisting of a large concentration of active sites for ion intercalation, while also ensuring low scattering directional paths for electrons. These features enhance the coloration efficiency to 47.0 cm2 C–1 (at 550 nm) for a 500 nm thick film upon Li+ ion intercalation. Additionally, the Nb2O5 electrochromic device shows a high bleached state transparency and large optical modulation.
The Study on an Intelligent General-Purpose Automated Software Testing Suite (2010)

To make the labor intensive manual software testing automated, we present the design and implementation of an intelligent general-purpose automated software testing suite. With the two main tools in the suite: an automated software testing scheduler, Harness, and a log file error analyzer, Logscanner, the summary report can be sent to the testing engineer immediately after the test is over via email, even when the testing engineer is away from the testing site. The functionality and features of the general purpose automated software testing suite help to increase the testing efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of software testing, which in turn, leads to the decrease in testing cost.
Synthesis of a fullerene C60-p-xylylene copolymer (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of a fullerene C60-p-xylylene copolymerDouglas A. Loy and Roger A. AssinkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10, 3977–3978Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00036a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00036a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views421Altmetric-Citations128LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Evolutionary ecology of microbial populations inhabiting deep sea sediments associated with cold seeps (2023)

Deep sea cold seep sediments host abundant and diverse microbial populations that significantly influence biogeochemical cycles. While numerous studies have revealed their community structure and functional capabilities, little is known about genetic heterogeneity within species. Here, we examine intraspecies diversity patterns of 39 abundant species identified in sediment layers down to 430 cm below the sea floor across six cold seep sites. These populations are grouped as aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria, anaerobic methanotrophic archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Different evolutionary trajectories are observed at the genomic level among these physiologically and phylogenetically diverse populations, with generally low rates of homologous recombination and strong purifying selection. Functional genes related to methane (pmoA and mcrA) and sulfate (dsrA) metabolisms are under strong purifying selection in most species investigated. These genes differ in evolutionary trajectories across phylogenetic clades but are functionally conserved across sites. Intrapopulation diversification of genomes and their mcrA and dsrA genes is depth-dependent and subject to different selection pressure throughout the sediment column redox zones at different sites. These results highlight the interplay between ecological processes and the evolution of key bacteria and archaea in deep sea cold seep extreme environments, shedding light on microbial adaptation in the subseafloor biosphere.
Sensory Feedback for Head Control in Cerebral Palsy (1981)

Five school-aged children with cerebral palsy were given an auditory feedback signal when their heads tilted past a predetermined angle. After three to seven individual sessions, all of the children were able to work in the classroom on regular school activities while using the sensory feedback to monitor and after head position. Over a period of nine weeks, all children improved their stabilizing skills of the head and neck when responding to the performance information. Three of the children were successful at self-monitoring for up to one hour while maintaining the head within the required zone at least 80 percent of the time. Inability of the other two children to do so was probably related to poorer motor control and possibly to a lack of independent work skills.
Release of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and the effects of extracellular Hsp70 on matric metalloproteinase-9 expression in human monocytic U937 cells (2006)

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) release and its effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production have been controversial. In this study, we investigated whether Hsp70 could be released from monocytes and activates matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene expression. Hsp70 overexpression in human monocytic cell line U937 was found to increase PMA-induced MMP-9 expression and enhance cell motility. Hsp70 cDNA transfectants released Hsp70 protein into culture supernatants, and a part of released Hsp70 subsequently was bound to the surface of U937 cells. Addition of culture medium containing the extracelluar Hsp70 led to an increase not only in proMMP-9 secretion, but also the invasiveness of U937 cells through Matrigel or human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. Immunodepletion of Hsp70 abolished its effect on MMP-9 expression. The released Hsp70 activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and activating protein-1 (AP-1), which led to the activation of MMP-9 transcription. Taken together, these results suggest that extracellular Hsp70 induces the expression of MMP-9 gene through activation of NF-KappaB and AP-1.
Cooperation Solidification of Cesium and Strontium (2012)

The presence of long-lived radionuclides is a challenge to the management of high level liquid waste (HLLW). Separation of minor acitinides and long-lived fission products from the HLLW by partitioning process has the potential of significantly decreasing the costs of the immobilization and disposal of the radioactive waste by minimizing waste volumes. Several solvent extraction processes have been developed and demonstrated at the Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology (INET) for the separation of transuranic elements, 90 Sr and 137 Cs. In this work, using modified zeolite molecular sieve as a sorbent carrier, four kinds of solidification were prepared by soakage- absorption- calcination methods. It was found that the sample (HZCS-75) calcinated at 750°C was formed pollucite, a zeolite mineral, which will provide an option to immobilize the radioactive cesium and strontium.
UM ENREDO TRÁGICO? UMA RESPOSTA PARA JAGGARD E PHILLIPS (2012)

Resumo: Este artigo e uma resposta para Ed Jaggard e Murray Phillips no debate sobre o Salvamento no Mar. Essa conclusao pretende apontar algumas reflexoes sobre as abordagens utilizadas por Jaggard e eu e defende que a abordagem de White nao implica no abandono da historia empirica, mas na necessidade de se adicionar novas formas de investigacao a pratica historica. Palavras-Chave: historia do esporte, narrativa e historia, salvamento no mar A TRAGIC PLOT? A REPLY TO JAGGARD AND PHILLIPS Abstract: This article is a reply to Ed Jaggard and Murray Phillips in the surf lifesaving debate. This conclusion aims at presenting some reflections on the approaches used by Jaggard and I and contends that WhiteÂ´s approach does not mean the abandonment of empirical history, but it rather means adding new forms of investigation to historical practice. Keywords: History of Sport, narrative and history, surf lifesaving
A Generalized Study on Encryption Techniques for Location Based Services (2014)

Location-based service (LBS) is the concept that denotes applications integrating geographic location (i.e., spatial coordinates) with the general notion of services. Examples of such applications include emergency services, car navigation systems, tourist tour planning etc. The increasing spread of location-based services (LBSs) has led to a renewed research interest in the security of services. To ensure the credibility and availability of LBSs, the needed requirement is to address access control, authentication and privacy issues of LBSs. In this paper a study of the encryption techniques used for ensuring the security of location-based services (LBSs) is done. According to our discussion, the approach can meet the confidentiality, authentication, simplicity, and practicability of security issues. As a result, the proposed encryption techniques can also meet the demands of mobile information systems.
Calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes isolated from heat-shocked rats (1996)

The cellular mechanism of heat shock-mediated cardioprotection is still under debate. Because heat pretreatment negatively affects the normoxic left ventricular contractile performance in vitro when the extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o) is relatively low (0.65-1.25 mM), the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis was studied in more detail in cardiomyocytes isolated from adult rats 24 h after heat stress (42 degrees C for 15 min) or anesthesia (control). Sensitivity to Ca2+ overload was assessed by exposure to veratridine (quiescent cells) or to [Ca2+]o ranging from 0.125 to 20 mM in quiescent and paced cardiomyocytes. The fraction of irreversibly hypercontracted cells was not different between groups. The fura-2 fluorescence ratio (I340/I380), which was used as a measure for cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in quiescent cells after exposure to [Ca2+]o (0.5-10 mM), was also not different between groups. Myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity was assessed in paced (0.5 Hz) cells by simultaneous measurement of [Ca2+]i transients and cell shortening. At stepwise increases of [Ca2+]o from 1 to 10 mM, these parameters were comparable between groups. The diastolic cell length shortened progressively and equally in both groups after increasing [Ca2+]o. However, within 2 min of return from 10 to 1 mM [Ca2+]o, cells from heat-shocked rats retained the same length, whereas cells from control rats contracted further (P = 0.05). These data suggest that heat stress improves relaxation after challenge with high [Ca2+]o.
Efficient Multi Agent Path Finding with Turn Actions (2023)

Current approaches for real-world Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) usually start with a simplified MAPF model and modify the resulting plans so they are kinematically feasible. We investigate one such problem, called MAPF with turn actions MAPF_T, and show that ignoring the kinematic constraints significantly increases solution cost. A first modification of the popular Conflict-Based Search algorithm to MAPF_T yields significantly better plans but comes at the cost of substantial decreases in scalability. We then introduce several techniques that can improve the performance of CBS for MAPF_T, including stronger and generalised versions of existing symmetry-breaking constraints and a novel pruning technique that eliminates redundant branches in the CBS constraint tree. Experimental results on six popular MAPF domains show convincing improvements for CBS success rate and substantial reductions in node expansions and runtime.
An Interactive Model-Driven Path Planning and Data Capture System for Camera-Equipped Aerial Robots on Construction Sites (2017)

Camera-equipped UAVs are rapidly emerging as ubiquitous tools for capturing images/videos for monitoring construction sites. Currently, professionals use 2D maps for producing flight plans. These maps often depict the state of sites prior to construction and mainly allow for planar grid patterns for capturing overlapping visual data. To enable 3D capture and control percentage overlap among captured visual data necessary for photogrammetry, professionals need to manually operate the UAVs, a process which is time-consuming and requires dexterity. In this paper, a new client- system is presented to enable 3D path planning and visual data collection. It exploits prior knowledge of the BIM and assesses flight path for safety and quality requirements. The system includes a web-based user interface to plan and simulate the UAV missions, and a mobile application to execute the flights. To verify the system, planned flight missions are simulated and compared to executed flights. Results show that the system can achieve safe and quality capture while accommodating requirements for image-based 3D reconstruction and project controls applications.
Mechanisms in cutaneous drug hypersensitivity reactions (2012)

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) are considered a common problem in dermatology. They affect 2–6% of inpatients (1,2) and are a frequent cause of urgent dermatologic consultations (3). Most reactions resolve on drug suspension and symptomatic treatment but 2% can be severe with extracutaneous involvement and fatal outcome (4). Most CADRs are certainly not immune mediated, they are expected and represent an exaggerated pharmacologic effect. They are dose dependent and occur because of increased drug bioavailability either as a result of drug interactions or concomitant diseases. Papulopustular follicular eruptions, perionychia, and hair problems occur frequently on erlotinib or cetuximab that interfere with epidermal growth factor receptor (5), and skin and oral mucosa erosions can occur with metothrexate particularly in patients with low serum albumin, low renal clearance, or on concomitant nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These predictable reactions, classifi ed as type A, may represent up to 70–80% of CADR (2,6) and are not the object of this chapter. Unpredictable, idiosyncratic CADR, classifi ed as type B, namely, drug “rashes” or “drug eruptions,” are those mostly dependent on immune hypersensitivity reactions. Their clinical presentation and time course is very heterogenous and their recognition is not always easy. Any drug can induce a CADR, each drug can induce several clinical reaction patterns, occurring immediately upon exposure or with a delay of hours, days, weeks, or even months, and there is no universal test to confi rm drug hypersensitivity. Some clinical patterns are very typical of a CADR, as toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), or fi xed drug eruption (FDE). But CADRs occur under a multitude of clinical presentations and at variable severity, often mimic skin diseases that are not usually drug induced (pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, and lichen planus) or present as maculopapular exanthemas (MPEs) or urticaria that may have other etiology (1,7). Also, it is often diffi cult to distinguish the relative contribution of the drug or other concurrent causes for the fi nal reaction, as in MPE of infectious mononucleosis induced by amoxicillin or in carbamazepine-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) with concomitant HHV-6 reactivation. Pathomechanisms in drug eruptions include a complex interplay of immune and infl ammatory effectors and different targets on the skin and, eventually, other organs. The full process from sensitization to the fi nal clinical reaction is not completely understood, but many progresses have been achieved in the last decades with important implications for our daily practice, both in the management of the reaction (diagnosis, treatment options, complementary tests to confi rm the culprit drug), preand postpreventive measures and, eventually, also to understand pathomechanisms involved in related dermatosis.
Theory on Designing Gears for Power Transmission (3rd Report, A Path of Contact Having Smooth Tooth Surfaces around Design Point) (2004)

When a design point is given in the coordinate system Cs which consists of the line of centers and the axis of the relative angular velocity, it is discussed how the inclination angle of a straight path of contact g0 which coincides with the contact normal and realizes no variation of bearing loads should be chosen to have smooth tooth surfaces around the design point. When the design point coincides with the limit of action, the g0 is defined as the limit path of contact which varies due to the selection of the axis of generating gear. Therefore in this paper, the following two cases are discussed. In the case where the axis of generating gear coincides with that of the mating gear, which means the generated tooth surfaces make a line contact, there are a pair of limit paths of contact g1s and g2s whose limits of action coincide with the design point corresponding to gears I and II. In the other case where the axis of generating gear is parallel to that of each generated gear, which means the generated tooth surfaces make a point contact, there are a pair of limit paths of contact g1k and g2k whose limits of action coincide with the design point corresponding to gears I and II. A path of contact g0 must be inclined adequately from those limit paths of contact to have smooth tooth surfaces around the design point.
Malicious Circuitry Detection Using Thermal Conditioning (2011)

Gate-level characterization (GLC) is the process of quantifying physical and manifestational properties for each gate of an integrated circuit (IC). It is a key step in many IC applications that target cryptography, security, digital rights management, low power, and yield optimization. However, GLC is a challenging task due to the size and structure of modern circuits and insufficient controllability of a subset of gates in the circuit. We have developed a new approach for GLC that employs thermal conditioning to calculate the scaling factors of all the gates by solving a system of linear equations using linear programming (LP). Therefore, the procedure captures the complete impact of process variation (PV). In order to resolve the correlations in the system of linear equations, we expose different gates to different temperatures and thus change their corresponding linear coefficients in the linear equations. We further improve the accuracy of GLC by applying statistical methods in the LP formulation as well as the post-processing steps. In order to enable non-destructive hardware Trojan horse (HTH) detection, we generalize our generic GLC procedure by manipulating the constraint of each linear equation. Furthermore, we ensure the scalability of the approaches for GLC and HTH detection using iterative IC segmentation. We evaluate our approach on a set of ISCAS and ITC benchmarks.
Antihyperglycemic Activity of the Various Extracts of Costus speciosus Rhizomes (2009)

Costus speciosus is known to possess antidiabetic properties and used in local health traditions in India but the validation of drug is not done. The activity of various fractions of drug is also not reported. In view of its immense potential in andiabetic properties, systematic study was conducted with an objective to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of petroleum ether, chloroform, methanolic, and aqueous extracts of C. speciosus rhizomes on over night fasted, Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Blood glucose level (BGL) monitored at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes suggested that all extracts of C. speciosus resulted in reduction of BGL significantly except pet ether extract. Aqueous extract and methanolic extracts reduced initial BGL of 387 to 120 mg/dl and 303 to 161 mg/ dl respectively at the end of 240 minutes. Similar studies conducted with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) confirmed the above findings suggesting that aqueous extract and methanolic extracts of C. speciosus were highly effective in bringing down the BGL from 590 to 96 mg/dl and 570 to 128 mg/dl respectively at the end of 240 minutes, which was on par with the glibenclamide. Results from multiple dose studies wherein the drug was administered for 14 days also confirmed the above findings and the serum lipid profiles high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were found to be optimum in aqueous or methanolic extracts on par with normal healthy rats or standard drug glibenclamide treated rats.