gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Optical Rotation of Lactic Acid (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Optical Rotation of Lactic AcidW. D. BancroftW. D. BancroftMore by W. D. Bancroft and H. L. DavisH. L. DavisMore by H. L. DavisCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1931, 35, 9, 2508–2529Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1931https://doi.org/10.1021/j150327a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views413Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Purification and Characterization of Neutral α-Mannosidase That Is Activated by Co2+ from Japanese Quail Oviduct1 (1991)

An alpha-mannosidase was purified from the magnum section of Japanese quail oviduct by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, Sephacryl S-300 chromatography, mannan-Sepharose 4B chromatography, and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The purified alpha-mannosidase (referred to as neutral alpha-mannosidase) showed a single band on polyacrylamide gel with or without sodium dodecyl sulfate. Its molecular weight was found to be 330,000 by gel chromatography. Neutral alpha-mannosidase hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside and the pyridylamino derivative of Man alpha 1-6(Man alpha 1-3)Man alpha 1-6(Man alpha 1-3)Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc (Km value was 3 mM). Mannosyl alpha 1-2 linkages in the pyridylamino derivative of Man alpha 1-2 Man alpha 1-6(Man alpha 1-2Man alpha 1-3)Man alpha 1-6(Man alpha 1-2Man alpha 1-2Man alpha 1-3)Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc were hardly hydrolyzed. Its optimum pH was found to be 7.0. The activity of the enzyme was activated by CO2+, and was potently inhibited by Cu2+, Hg2+, swainsonine, and 1-deoxymannojirimycin.
Effects of supplementation of coated crystalline amino acids on growth performance and body composition of juvenile kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus (2004)

Supplementation of crystalline amino acids (CAA) in shrimp diets is unsuccessful in most cases. In the present study, various pre-coated CAA were developed to minimize the leaching losses from diets in water and assessed using kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus juveniles. Experimental diets were supplemented with coated CAA or non-coated CAA to simulate the dietary amino acid profile to that found in the whole body protein of shrimp. The four diets contained CAA coated with either carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (diet 1), zein (diet 2), k-carrageenan (diet 3) or agar (diet 4), respectively. Another four diets contained CMC-coated CAA with the addition of either zein (diet 5), casein-gelatin (diet 6), zein and k-carrageenan (diet 7), or casein-gelatin and k-carrageenan (diet 8), respectively. The 8 weeks feeding trial demonstrated that the diets containing coated CAA gave significantly higher weight gains than diets containing non-coated CAA, with the highest value for the diet 6. The diets containing coated CAA also yielded higher feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and specific growth rate than diets containing non-coated CAA. Leaching trials suggested that shrimp growth performance was improved partly due to the retardation or reduction of CAA leaching by coating them with specific binders.
Why we Prototype! An International Comparison of the Linkage between Embedded Knowledge and Objective Learning (2013)

Prototypes are made, presented, and interpreted differently by people according to their understanding and frame of reference. Design educators have, in recent decades, come closer to one another in how they approach design creativity. Still, many distinct differences exist. One of the most striking has to do with the role of prototyping in developing ideas into concrete manifestations. Prototypes unlock cognitive association mechanisms related to visualisation, prior experience, and interpersonal communication in ways that favour iterative learning between peers in the product development community. When, where, and how to use prototyping strategies depends on context, and it demands a high level of situation awareness. The nature of this awareness is, in turn, dependent on cultural variables and curriculum development. Prototyping has been portrayed as an excellent activity to share inner thoughts, yet a deeper connection to its knowledge-building processes has been lacking in previous research. This paper builds on related literature in shaping a common understanding of how prototyping is perceived and applied in two different high-performance academic contexts (Stanford University, Stanford, USA, and the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden). Our exploration focuses on students’ perceived learning experiences and on teachers’ experiences within engineering design projects. Prototyping is an active enabler in both cases, establishing iterative loops of new knowledge through social interaction and team-based communication. The deeper level of cognitive attachments to prototyping provides an explicit link between embedded implicit knowledge and its consequences for objective learning.
Input Scaling of Fuzzy Controllers (1994)

The paper deals with the optimal adjustment of input scaling factors for Fuzzy Controllers. The method bases on the assumption that in the stationary case an optimally adjusted input scaling factor meets a specific statistical input output dependence. A measure for the strength of statistical dependence is the correlation coefficient The article deals with the so-called equivalent gain which is closely connected to the cross-correlation of the controller input and the defuzzified controller output. Without loss of generality, the adjustment of input scaling factors using correlation functions is pointed out by means of a single input — single output (SISO) — system. The contribution concludes with a set of fuzzy rules controlling a redundant robot manipulator.
Ultrafast kinetics of the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition in FeRh (2022)

Understanding how fast short-range interactions build up long-range order is one of the most intriguing topics in condensed matter physics. FeRh is a test specimen for studying this problem in magnetism, where the microscopic spin-spin exchange interaction is ultimately responsible for either ferro- or antiferromagnetic macroscopic order. Femtosecond laser excitation can induce ferromagnetism in antiferromagnetic FeRh, but the mechanism and dynamics of this transition are topics of intense debates. Employing double-pump THz emission spectroscopy has enabled us to dramatically increase the temporal detection window of THz emission probes of transient states without sacrificing any loss of resolution or sensitivity. It allows us to study the kinetics of emergent ferromagnetism from the femtosecond up to the nanosecond timescales in FeRh/Pt bilayers. Our results strongly suggest a latency period between the initial pump-excitation and the emission of THz radiation by ferromagnetic nuclei.
Single-dwell treatment with a low-sodium solution in hypertensive peritoneal dialysis patients (2020)

Superiority of low-Na PD solution over standard-Na solution for control of BP could not be shown. The once daily use of a low-Na PD solution was associated with more hypotensive episodes, suggesting the need to reassess the overall concept of how Na-reduced solutions might be incorporated within the treatment schedule.
Network distributed file system in user space (2006)

File systems have traditionally been implemented in the operating system's kernel to ensure maximum possible speed and integration with the rest of the operating system, and this was true even for network file systems such as NFS. However, available CPU power on mainstream architectures continues to increase daily at a rate which is not closely followed by speed of computer network equipment. When considering development of network-distributed file systems today it becomes clear that speed improvements offered by pure kernel-side implementations are no longer significant given the bandwidth and latencies of computer networks. Recent efforts in enabling user-space file system implementations on free/open source Unix-like operating systems have made it possible to create a solution for distributing file system data over computer networks entirely in user-space. In this work we present such a solution $the trivially distributed file system
Growth, Branching, and Local Ordering of Lecithin Polymer-Like Micelles (1998)

The viscoelastic properties of lecithin organogels formed by the addition of trace amounts of water in a n-decane solution were studied by means of oscillatory rheology. The viscoelasticity of jelly-like phases of this sort is caused by a transient three-dimensional network consisting of entangled cylindrical reverse (polymer-like) micelles. It is shown that although the organogel properties depend on the lecithin concentration, the phase and rheological behavior is mainly regulated by the polar additive. The homogeneous jelly-like phase exists for molar ratios (nw) of water to lecithin from 1.6−1.7 to 3.2−3.4. At nw ratios below 2.7−2.8, the scaling exponents of the main rheological parametersthe zero shear viscosity, plateau modulus, and terminal relaxation timeare rather close to the theoretical predictions that follow from a model by Cates. This means that the lecithin polymer-like micelles are linear and flexible. At larger molar ratios the scaling behavior with the lecithin concentration is changed. The observed power law exponents for the main rheological parameters are in satisfactory agreement with those expected from a model of the branched (connected) cylindrical micelles. These findings suggest that the mechanism for the growth of cylindrical micelles changes with increasing water amount; at the initial stages there is uniaxial growth of linear micellar aggregates, and then the polar additive induces their branching. First results on an jelly-like phase that separates from the homogeneous organogel when the molar ratio nw is over 3.2 are presented. It is established that the phase separation results in a change in the rheological behavior. An intermediate region is found in which the loss and storage moduli scale with frequency with an exponent of 1/2. Similar scaling was previously observed only with polymers. Conceivable reasons for the square root frequency dependence of the dynamic moduli are considered. It is suggested that this scaling is caused by partial or local ordering of polymer-like micelles due to the significant decrease of the organogel volume with the phase separation.
Modulation of the L-Arginine: Nitric Oxide Pathway in Humans (1994)

Conference Abstract| December 01 1994 Modulation of the L-Arginine: Nitric Oxide Pathway in Humans R Macallister; R Macallister 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G Whitley; G Whitley 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J Collier; J Collier 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P Vallance P Vallance 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (1994) 87 (s31): 40P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs045040Pb_pt2 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R Macallister, G Whitley, J Collier, P Vallance; Modulation of the L-Arginine: Nitric Oxide Pathway in Humans. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 December 1994; 87 (s31): 40P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs045040Pb_pt2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1994 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Depinning Dynamics of Crack Fronts (2018)

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the dynamics of a crack front during the microinstabilities taking place in heterogeneous materials between two successive equilibrium positions. We focus specifically on the spatiotemporal evolution of the front, as it relaxes to a straight configuration, after depinning from a single obstacle of controlled strength and size. We show that this depinning dynamics is not controlled by inertia, but instead by the rate dependency of the dissipative mechanisms taking place within the fracture process zone. This implies that the crack speed fluctuations around its average value v_{m} can be predicted from an overdamped equation of motion (v-v_{m})/v_{0}=[G-G_{c}(v_{m})]/G_{c}(v_{m}) involving the characteristic material speed v_{0}=G_{c}(v_{m})/G_{c}^{'}(v_{m}) that emerges from the variation of fracture energy with crack speed. Our findings pave the way to a quantitative description of the critical depinning dynamics of cracks in disordered solids and open up new perspectives for the prediction of the effective failure properties of heterogeneous materials.
Changes in ventricular function associated with coronary reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction. (1986)

Currently there is no accepted method for measurement of myocardial infarct size in humans. Analysis of both global and regional left ventricular function provides an indirect indication of extent of myocardial necrosis. Acute coronary occlusion results in cessation of function and in some cases dilatation of the involved myocardial segment. Often there is reciprocal hyperfunction of the non-ischemic segments resulting in little impairment of global ventricular function. Average global left ventricular function does not change from hospital admission through hospital discharge in patients with acute myocardial infarction, treated conventionally. With successful coronary reperfusion, however, both regional and global ventricular function have been reported to improve over several weeks after the initial ischemic insult. Improvement in ventricular function is most likely to occur in patients with collaterals or some preservation of antegrade flow to the involved myocardial segment who successfully undergo reperfusion. Return of function occurs in 82% of patients successfully treated within two hours after onset of chest pain. Approximately 50% of patients successfully treated two to 18 hours after onset of chest pain have demonstrated significant improvement in function. Patients admitted with normal ventricular function are less likely to demonstrate improved global ventricular function than those admitted with ejection fractions less than 45%. Acute PTCA with or without thrombolysis may result in a greater return in function than thrombolysis alone. Delayed revascularization more than 48 hours after successful reperfusion does not appear to affect ventricular function a late follow-up but may improve probability of survival. Patients discharged with ejection fractions greater than 45% clearly have an improved prognosis compared to those with depressed ejection fractions post-myocardial infarction.
Modeling Xenobiotic Uptake and Movement: A Review (2014)

The complex relationship between xenobiotic physicochemical properties and formulation, plant physiological and biochemical processes and, the environmental factors that affect these processes constitute the cornerstone of the effectiveness of foliar-applied xenobiotics such as pesticides. Permeation of plant cuticle, short-distance transport to the mesophyll cells and long-distance transport in the vascular tissues are among the multitude of processes involved in the movement of a foliar-applied xenobiotic from the leaf surface to the meristematic tissues. In the past decades several experimental and theoretical advancements in the understanding of cuticular permeation and phloem mobility have been accomplished. The development of several models has fostered our knowledge of the complexity of the interplay between the different physical, physiological and biochemical process involved in xenobiotic uptake and translocation in a plant. This chapter describes the processes governing penetration of foliar-applied xenobiotics in and movement through plant cuticles and the mathematical relationships describing the cuticle permeation of non-polar and polar xenobiotics. The movement of a xenobiotic from the point of contact with the leaf surface to distant sites of action was also described in relation to phloem mobility with an emphasis on phloem loading from sources, long-distance transport in the sieve elements and phloem unloading into the sink regions. An overview and utility of the ERMESSE model was also discussed.
A High Affinity Inhibitor of Pituitary Progesterone 5α-Reductase* (1984)

The capacity of the 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone analog, 4-aza-4-methyl-5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (AMPD), to inhibit progesterone 5 alpha-reductase and both 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activities (NADPH- and NADH-linked) from the female rat anterior pituitary has been investigated. Dose response studies demonstrate that AMPD is a powerful inhibitor of pituitary progesterone 5 alpha-reduction but is ineffective at inhibiting either of the 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activities, even at concentrations up to 10 microM. A kinetic analysis of the interaction of AMPD with progesterone 5 alpha-reductase indicates that it is a competitive inhibitor vs. progesterone [Kislope = 7.2 +/- 0.6 nM; apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) (progesterone) = 193 +/- 18 nM] and an uncompetitive inhibitor vs. NADPH (Kiintercept = 17.9 +/- 1.4 nM). These inhibition patterns are consistent with the view that NADPH binding precedes that of either AMPD or progesterone. Furthermore, AMPD does not appear to be an irreversible inhibitor since preincubation of the enzyme (at 37 C) with AMPD and NADPH, for periods of time up to 60 min, does not lead to a time-dependent loss of activity. The inhibition can also be readily removed by dilution, even after a 60-min preincubation with the inhibitor and NADPH. It is postulated that the selective and potent inhibition of the 5 alpha-reduction of progesterone by AMPD may be due to the steroid functioning as a transition state analog. This inhibitor should prove useful in studying the properties of progesterone 5 alpha-reductase and the function of anterior pituitary progestin metabolism.
Recombination-Mediated Telomere Maintenance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Not Dependent on the Shu Complex (2016)

In cells lacking telomerase, telomeres shorten progressively during each cell division due to incomplete end-replication. When the telomeres become very short, cells enter a state that blocks cell division, termed senescence. A subset of these cells can overcome senescence and maintain their telomeres using telomerase-independent mechanisms. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, these cells are called 'survivors' and are dependent on Rad52-dependent homologous recombination and Pol32-dependent break-induced replication. There are two main types of survivors: type I and type II. The type I survivors require Rad51 and maintain telomeres by amplification of subtelomeric elements, while the type II survivors are Rad51-independent, but require the MRX complex and Sgs1 to amplify the C1-3A/TG1-3 telomeric sequences. Rad52, Pol32, Rad51, and Sgs1 are also important to prevent accelerated senescence, indicating that recombination processes are important at telomeres even before the formation of survivors. The Shu complex, which consists of Shu1, Shu2, Psy3, and Csm2, promotes Rad51-dependent homologous recombination and has been suggested to be important for break-induced replication. It also promotes the formation of recombination intermediates that are processed by the Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 complex, as mutations in the SHU genes can suppress various sgs1, top3, and rmi1 mutant phenotypes. Given the importance of recombination processes during senescence and survivor formation, and the involvement of the Shu complex in many of the same processes during DNA repair, we hypothesized that the Shu complex may also have functions at telomeres. Surprisingly, we find that this is not the case: the Shu complex does not affect the rate of senescence, does not influence survivor formation, and deletion of SHU1 does not suppress the rapid senescence and type II survivor formation defect of a telomerase-negative sgs1 mutant. Altogether, our data suggest that the Shu complex is not important for recombination processes at telomeres.
Cellular Internalization and Degradation of Antithrombin III-Thrombin, Heparin Cofactor II-Thrombin, and -Antitrypsin-Trypsin Complexes Is Mediated by the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein (2021)

The inhibition of proteinase activity by members of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) family is a critical regulatory mechanism for a variety of biological processes. Once formed, the serpin enzyme complexes (SECs) are removed from the circulation by a hepatic receptor. The present study suggests that this receptor is very likely the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), a prominent liver receptor. In vitro binding studies revealed that antithrombin III (ATIII)-thrombin, heparin cofactor II (HCII)-thrombin, and alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1AT)-trypsin bound to purified LRP, and their binding was inhibited by the 39-kDa receptor-associated protein (RAP), an antagonist of LRP-ligand binding activity. In contrast, native or modified forms of the inhibitors were unable to bind to LRP. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts, which express LRP, mediate the cellular internalization leading to degradation of these SECs, while mouse fibroblasts genetically deficient in LRP showed no capacity to internalize and degrade these complexes. SECs were also degraded by HepG2 cells, and this process was inhibited by LRP antibodies, RAP, and chloroquine. The cellular-mediated uptake and degradation was specific for SECs; native or modified forms of the inhibitors were not internalized and degraded. Finally, in vivo clearance studies in rats demonstrated that RAP inhibited the clearance of ATIII-125I-thrombin complexes from the circulation. Together, these results indicate that LRP functions as a liver receptor responsible for the plasma clearance of SECs.