gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urine analysis for ~~nzodiaz~pin~s among opiate consumers (1990)

Urine analysis is a screening instrument but also an important tool to guide therapy in the abstinence-orientated treatment programmes for drug addicts. This applies to inpatients as well as to outpatients, to drug-free treatment programmes as well as to opiate substitution treatment, such as methadone maintenance programmes. As the validity of self-reported data is problematic, urine screening methods have been developed to detect substances which have not been prescribed or which were not declared by the user. While in cases of self-medication or misuse addicts tend to make false assertions, we found during a long-term follow-up study in opiate addicts, that the assertions in the case of abstinence corresponded to the results of the submitted urine specimens [l]. During treatment of opiate addicts relapse is not unusual, and then mainly opiates and occasionally cocaine are taken. Data on the evidence of benzodiazepine use vary considerably ranging from 5 to 43% of urine specimen [2] or from 4.9 to 48.6% (31. In an analysis of 60 000 randomly sampled urines from a large methadone and drug-free treatment programme in New York, it was found that only 0.5% of the specimens contained (besides methadone) diazepam andlor chlordiazepoxide [4]. Twenty-two percent of all reported urines positive for benzodiazepines contained in addition cocaine, and another 21% positive for benzodiazepines were also positive for morphine. In contrast to the drug preferences in the U.S.A. where diaze
Preliminary purification and expression of Asian malaria vaccine candidate recombinant erythrocyte-binding antigen 140 (2020)

Background: Causing an estimated 219 million cases in 2017, malaria is a life-threatening mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, with P. falciparum being the most deadly. P. falciparum antigens involved in erythrocyte recognition and invasion during the merozoite stage are likely targets of protective immune responses. Natural antibody responses against the Erythrocyte Binding Antigen 140 (EBA-140) ligand have been found in individuals in malaria-endemic areas. EBA-140, a member of the Pf erythrocyte binding antigen (EBA) family, is one of the prospective candidates for malaria vaccine development. Methods and materials: In the study, the Philippine malaria parasite strain, FCH/4, was identified using its sequences in Genbank. Erythrocyte-binding antigen 140 (EBA-140) was selected by in silico screening of putative vaccine candidates in P. falciparum using the genomic database PlasmoDB and was then synthesized as codon-optimized full-length EBA-140. This 3284 bp gene was cloned into peT30-a(+) vector, transformed and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) cells. The EBA-140 gene insert was confirmed via restriction enzyme digestion and its protein 3D conformation was predicted using I-TASSER. Protein expression was optimized at 28 °C induction for 17 h using 0.3 mM IPTG. Recombinant EBA-140 in the native lysate was initially run on a weak anion-exchanger and then on a hydrophobic interaction column for purification. Results: The recombinant EBA-140 was constitutively expressed in the cytosol and highly expressed in the inclusion bodies upon induction at 28 °C for 17 h using 0.3 mM IPTG. The expressed rEBA-140 was then purified by several optimization steps of anion exchange chromatography, producing a 51.9% pure protein. To further purify the protein, hydrophobic interaction chromatography was employed. Conclusion: Recombinant EBA-140 was successfully expressed and purified optimally using anion exchange chromatography. The hydrophobic interaction chromatography method as polishing step is continuously being optimized to purify the 32% hydrophobic rEBA-140. To further confirm the specificity and identity of the purified fractions, Western blot and peptide mass fingerprinting methods are being optimized. Since no vaccine is yet available for malaria, characterization studies of immunoreactive Plasmodium antigens are of significant importance.
Stereochemistry of a macrocyclic spermidine alkaloid from Caesalpinia digyna Rottl. X-Ray determination of the structure of caesalpinine C (celallocinnine) (1985)

The molecular geometry of caesalpinine C (1)(celallocinnine), a macrocyclic spermidine alkaloid isolated from Caesalpinia digyna Rottl., has been determined by means of single-crystal X-ray analysis. The 1H and 13C n.m.r. spectra could satisfactorily be interpreted on the basis of the X-ray structure. The compound, C25H31N3O2, is orthorhombic with space group P212121 and lattice constants a= 9.963(2), b= 8.026(2), c= 28.627(5)Å, cell volume V= 2 289.1 Å3, and Z= 4. Diffractometer intensity measurements were made with Cu-Kα radiation and least-squares adjustment of the atomic parameters converged to a final R value of 0.05.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF AMANTADINE (1976)

1 The effect of amantadine hydrochloride on various aspects of catecholamine metabolism in the rat brain has been investigated. 2 Amantadine failed to have any significant effect on brain concentrations of dopamine or noradrenaline even when administered daily for 9 days. 3 Amantadine had no effect on the rate of decline of noradrenaline and dopamine concentrations after alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. 4 In vitro amantadine inhibited dopamine uptake into synaptosomes only at high concentrations, and caused little release of dopamine from synaptosomes. 5 There is no evidence from these results to suggest that the anti-Parkinsonian effect of amantadine is related to an action on dopaminergic mechanisms.
Dissociable control of motivation and reinforcement by distinct ventral striatal dopamine receptors (2023)

Dopamine release in striatal circuits, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc), tracks separable features of reward such as motivation and reinforcement. However, the cellular and circuit mechanisms by which dopamine receptors transform dopamine release into distinct constructs of reward remain unclear. Here, we show that dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) signaling in the NAc drives motivated behavior by regulating local NAc microcircuits. Furthermore, D3Rs co-express with dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs), which regulate reinforcement, but not motivation. Paralleling dissociable roles in reward function, we report non-overlapping physiological actions of D3R and D1R signaling in NAc neurons. Our results establish a novel cellular framework wherein dopamine signaling within the same NAc cell type is physiologically compartmentalized via actions on distinct dopamine receptors. This structural and functional organization provides neurons in a limbic circuit with the unique ability to orchestrate dissociable aspects of reward-related behaviors that are relevant to the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
On the existence of compressive solitary waves in compacting media (1994)

Necessary conditions for the existence of compressive solitary-wave solutions of a partial differential equation derived by Scott and Stevenson (1986) which describes the two-phase fluid flow in a medium compacting under gravity are derived. It is shown that for compressive solitary-wave solutions to exist which satisfy certain boundary conditions it is necessary that n=m>1 where n and m are the exponents in power laws relating the permeability of the medium and the viscosity of the solid matrix, respectively, to the voidage. The effect of the value of the exponents n and m on the shape of the solitary wave is investigated by using existing analytical solutions and new numerical solutions.
Global Lysine Acetylome Analysis of Desiccated Somatic Embryos of Picea asperata (2016)

Partial desiccation treatment (PDT) promotes the germination capacity of conifer somatic embryos. Lysine acetylation (LysAc) is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification that plays a key role in many biological processes including metabolic pathways and stress response. To investigate the functional impact of LysAc in the response of <i>Picea asperata</i> somatic embryos to PDT, we performed a global lysine acetylome analysis. Here, combining antibody-based affinity enrichment and high-resolution mass spectrometry, we identified and validated 1079 acetylation sites in 556 acetylated proteins from <i>P. asperata</i> somatic embryos during PDT. These data represent a novel large-scale dataset of lysine-acetylated proteins from the conifer family. Intensive bioinformatics analysis of the Gene Ontology of molecular functions demonstrated that lysine-acetylated proteins were mainly associated with binding, catalytic activities, and structural molecular activities. Functional characterization of the acetylated proteins revealed that in the desiccated somatic embryos, LysAc is mainly involved in the response to stress and central metabolism. Accordingly, the majority of these interacting proteins were also highly enriched in ribosome, proteasome, spliceosome, and carbon metabolism clusters. This work provides the most comprehensive profile of LysAc for a coniferous species obtained to date and facilitates the systematic study of the physiological role of LysAc in desiccated somatic embryos of <i>P. asperata</i>.
Keeping personal communications personal (1993)

Abstract In this article, we will focus our attention on the development and utilization of several types of cipher systems, since the use of a code system is typically impractical for hiding the meaning of messages in a rapidly changing corporate environment.
Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Induced Endothelial Dysfunction (2008)

Endothelial cell injury and dysfunction are the major triggers of pathophysiological processes leading to cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) has been implicated in atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary artery disease, vascular complications of diabetes, chronic renal failure, insulin resistance and hypercholesterolemia. Although now recognized as a class of physiological second messengers, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important mediators in cellular injury, specifically, as a factor in endothelial cell damage. Uncontrolled ROS production and/or decreased antioxidant activity results in a deleterious state referred to as 'oxidative stress'. A candidate factor in causing ROS production in endothelial cells is tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine. TNF-α has been shown to both be secreted by endothelial cells and to induce intracellular ROS formation. These observations provide a potential mechanism by which TNF-α may activate and injure endothelial cells resulting in ED. In this review, we focus on the relationship between intracellular ROS formation and ED in endothelial cells or blood vessels exposed to TNF-α to provide insight into the role of this important cytokine in cardiovascular disease.
Theory of Superconducting Phase Qubits (2004)

The theory of superconducting phase qubits---also known as current-biased Josephson junctions---is presented. In the first part of this thesis, I introduce quantum computation, quantum simulation, and their deep connection with symplectic integration. I then consider the fundamental many-body theory of superconductivity and Josephson junctions and show how the quantum dynamics of a single macroscopic degree of freedom, the gauge invariant phase difference, emerges. A complete study of the Hilbert space structure of such a variable is performed for the current-biased junction. The resulting resonance structure is studied in detail, using various formalisms including the WKB approximation, instanton methods, the complex scaling transformation, basis set stabilization, numerical integration, and dynamical simulation using Lie algebraic wave-packet propagation. The second part of this thesis explores how the current-biased junction can be used as an element of a quantum computer---a quantum bit (qubit). Single qubit operations are studied, followed by the presentation of the theory of coupled qubit devices. My key result is the design and optimization of quantum logic gates with high fidelity (F ~ 0.9999) for capacitively coupled phase qubits with short gate times (~ 10 ns). Finally, I examine an advanced qubit-coupling scheme, a resonant coupling method utilizing a harmonic oscillator as the auxiliary degree of freedom. The models and methods presented here have been developed in direct collaboration with an experimental program. These experiments are the first to show spectroscopic evidence for entanglement between two and three macroscopic degrees of freedom in a superconducting circuit.
Novel sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone ketone) derived from bisphenol S (2004)

Abstract A series of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone ketone)s derived from bisphenol S were prepared by nucleophilic polycondensation. They showed high thermal resistance and good solubility. Most of the polymers were easily cast into tough membranes. The swelling of the membranes (6.02–16.02%) was lower than that of Nafion membranes, and the ion‐exchange capacity of the membranes (0.67–1.44) was higher than that of Nafion membranes. The proton conductivity of the membranes was 0.022–0.125 s/cm. They could be used as proton‐exchange membranes in fuel cells. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1569–1574, 2004
Gene expression atlas of the mouse central nervous system: impact and interactions of age, energy intake and gender (2007)

Mouse CNS transcriptomes responded to age, energy intake and gender in a regionally distinctive manner. The systematic transcriptome dataset also provides a window into mechanisms of age-, diet- and sex-related CNS plasticity and vulnerability.
Aromatase inhibitors for the treatment of infertility (2003)

Ovarian stimulation during infertility treatment is used either alone or in conjunction with intrauterine insemination and assisted reproductive technologies. At the present time, the two main medications used for ovarian stimulation include an oral antioestrogen, clomiphene citrate and injectable gonadotrophins. In spite of the high ovulation rate, the use of clomiphene citrate is associated with adverse side effects and low pregnancy rates. In clomiphene citrate failures, gonadotrophin injections are generally the next treatment option but, especially in polycystic ovarian syndrome, are associated with increased risk of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and high multiple pregnancies. Therefore, an effective oral treatment that could be used without risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and with minimal monitoring is preferred. It was hypothesised that aromatase inhibitors can be administered early in the follicular phase to induce ovulation by releasing the hypothalamus and/or pituitary from oestrogen negative feedback. The success of aromatase inhibitors in induction and augmentation of ovulation has been reported. In addition, increased intraovarian androgen levels may synergise with central effects of decreased oestrogen to enhance ovarian response to gonadotrophin stimulation. This increased sensitivity to follicle-stimulating hormone may be especially useful in poor responders. The potential future applications for aromatase inhibitors in infertility management are also discussed.
Poetic Grief-Work in Whitman's "Lilacs" (1984)

Offers a reading of "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd," emphasizing the poet's "progressive re-engagement with sensuous reality" and arguing that "the Poet's grief-work consists of a series of operations which ritually reappropriate the world, a world now tinged with death" and that the poem places "symbols of grief within an ongoing life-process."
Architecture Generation for Moon-Mars Exploration Using an Executable Meta-Language (2005)

This paper introduces the notion of using formal language principles and technologies to study complex systems. We applied a domain-neutral executable meta-language, Object Process Network (OPN), to create a Moon-Mars Exploration Architecture Generator. The OPN-based architecture generator simulates the vehicles, phases, and vehicle interactions required to execute a human mission to the Moon or Mars. Using the simulation features of OPN, the generator enumerated hundreds of unique architectures, enabling an extensive analysis of possible configurations for the NASA Moon-Mars Exploration Vision. This paper provides an example of how a system can be methodically studied by representing it using a customized language. Using a custom language of Moon-Mars exploration as an example, we define a vocabulary, syntax, and semantics that represents mission modes. We next show how this language can be computationally evaluated using the executable meta-language OPN, providing the system architect with a set of feasible architectures for further study. As a validation of the generator, we verified that well known Mars and Moon mission proposals were automatically generated. These proposals included (but were not limited to) Zubrin’s Mars Direct, the 1993 NASA Mars Design Reference Mission, and all three architectures considered in Houbolt’s 1961 Lunar Orbit Rendezvous Report.
Postbariatric EArly discharge Controlled by Healthdot (PEACH) trial: study protocol for a preference-based randomized trial (2022)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04754893 , Registered on 12 February 2021.
Effects of the physicochemical properties of the emulsion formulation on the bioavailability of ethyl 2-chloro-3-(4-(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyloxy)phenyl) propionate in rats. (1990)

The effect of the physicochemical properties of the emulsion formulation on the absorption of ethyl 2-chloro-3-[4-(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyloxy)phenyl]propionate (AL-294) in rats and dogs was studied. When emulsions of different particle sizes were administered to rats, the higher the ratio of Tween-80 to the drug was, the smaller was the particle size and the higher was the absorption. When the emulsions of similar particle size (2 microns) with different Tween-80 ratios were administered to rats, no significant difference was observed in the extent of absorption. The absorption of AL-294 was correlated with the dissolution rate from the oil phase to the aqueous phase but not correlated with the amount of AL-294 solubilized by Tween-80. These results indicate that the absorption of AL-294 from emulsions depends mainly on the particle size in the gastro-intestinal fluid and that Tween-80 serves only to reduce the particle size in the emulsion.
The Electrical-Instrument--Computer Interface (1971)

Techniques of providing useful information about a process to a computer as well as methods by which the computer can control a process are discussed. A summary of typical sensors and actuators which might be found in a paper industry computer control project is included; in addition, there are some recommended guidelines to use in signal transmission, conditioning, and converting. The characteristics of computers which are directly pertinent to process communication are described, along with actual interface devices, in terms of both computer-process information flow and computer backup.
PanoSwarm: Collaborative and Synchronized Multi-Device Panoramic Photography (2015)

Taking a picture has been traditionally a one-persons task. In this paper we present a novel system that allows multiple mobile devices to work collaboratively in a synchronized fashion to capture a panorama of a highly dynamic scene, creating an entirely new photography experience that encourages social interactions and teamwork. Our system contains two components: a client app that runs on all participating devices, and a server program that monitors and communicates with each device. In a capturing session, the server collects in realtime the viewfinder images of all devices and stitches them on-the-fly to create a panorama preview, which is then streamed to all devices as visual guidance. The system also allows one camera to be the host and to send direct visual instructions to others to guide camera adjustment. When ready, all devices take pictures at the same time for panorama stitching. Our preliminary study suggests that the proposed system can help users capture high quality panoramas with an enjoyable teamwork experience. A demo video of the system in action is provided at http://youtu.be/PwQ6k_ZEQSs.
Candidate gene studies in focal dystonia (2003)

No evidence for an involvement of DYT1, DRD5, HLA-DRB, or polymorphisms in the homocysteine pathway in the pathogenesis of F-ITD was found.
Aminoglycosides in Enterococcal Endocarditis: Longer May Not Be Better (2002)

Combining an aminoglycoside with an antibiotic that is active at the bacterial cell wall (for example, a β-lactam or vancomycin) is generally believed to provide optimal treatment for enterococcal endocarditis. Based on results of limited clinical studies, major U.S. and British treatment guidelines recommend 4 to 6 weeks of combined therapy. However, prolonged aminoglycoside …
Purification and properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase II general initiation factor a (1992)

RNA polymerase II initiation factor a was purified to apparent homogeneity from yeast whole cell extract and consisted of two highly charged polypeptides with apparent masses of 66 and 43 kDa. Separation and renaturation of the subunits showed that both were required for transcription activity. The native mass of factor a was estimated to be 240-260 kDa by gel filtration, but its sedimentation rate in a glycerol gradient was similar to that of a much smaller globular protein, suggesting an extended conformation. Factor a was required for utilization of six different eukaryotic promoters in vitro, indicating a general role in promoter-directed transcription by yeast RNA polymerase II.
Purification of 3 monomeric monocot mannose-binding lectins and their evaluation for antipoxviral activity: potential applications in multiple viral diseases caused by enveloped viruses (2007)

Three monomeric monocot lectins from Zephyranthes carinata, Zephyranthes candida, and Gloriosa superba with carbohydrate specificity towards mannose derivatives and (or) oligomannose have been isolated and purified from their storage tissues. The lectins were purified by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacyl and by gel filtration chromatography on Biogel P-200 followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The purified lectins, Z. carinata, Z. candida, and G. superba had molecular masses of 12, 11.5, and 12.5 kDa, respectively, as determined by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE, indicating that they are monomers. In a hapten inhibition assay, methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside inhibited agglutination of both Z. candida and Z. carinata; the latter was also inhibited by Man(alpha1-2)Man and Man(alpha1-3)Man. Gloriosa superba showed inhibition only with Man(alpha1-4)Man of all of the sugars and glycoproteins tested. All purified lectins agglutinated red blood cells from rabbit, whereas G. superba was also reactive towards erythrocytes from guinea pig. All of the lectins were nonglycosylated and did not require metal ions for their activity. They were labile above 60 degrees C and were affected by denaturing agents such as urea, thiourea, and guanidine-HCl. The lectins were virtually nonmitogenic, like other members of Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae. Of the 3 lectins, G. superba was found to be highly toxic to the BSC-1 cell line (African green monkey kidney epithelial cells), while both of the Zephyranthes species showed significant in vitro inhibition of poxvirus replication in BSC-1 cells without any toxic effects to the cells. In addition, Z. candida also exhibited significant anticancer activity against SNB-78, a CNS human cancer cell line.