gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determining the limitations and regulation of photosynthetic energy transduction in leaves (2007)

The light-dependent production of ATP and reductants by the photosynthetic apparatus in vivo involves a series of electron and proton transfers. Consideration is given as to how electron fluxes through photosystem I (PSI), using absorption spectroscopy, and through photosystem II (PSII), using chlorophyll fluorescence analyses, can be estimated in vivo. Measurements of light-induced electrochromic shifts using absorption spectroscopy provide a means of analyzing the proton fluxes across the thylakoid membranes in vivo. Regulation of these electron and proton fluxes is required for the thylakoids to meet the fluctuating metabolic demands of the cell. Chloroplasts exhibit a wide and flexible range of mechanisms to regulate electron and proton fluxes that enable chloroplasts to match light use for ATP and reductant production with the prevailing metabolic requirements. Non-invasive probing of electron fluxes through PSI and PSII, and proton fluxes across the thylakoid membranes can provide insights into the operation of such regulatory processes in vivo.
Mineralogy and Characterization of Arsenic, Iron, and Lead in a Mine Waste-Derived Fertilizer (2006)

The solid-state speciation of arsenic (As), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb) was studied in the mine waste-derived fertilizer Ironite using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and aging studies. Arsenic was primarily associated with ferrihydrite (60-70%), with the remainder found in arsenopyrite (30-40%). Lead was observed almost exclusively as anglesite (PbSO4), with <1% observed as galena (PbS). The identification of As in oxidized Fe oxides and Pb as PbSO4 is in disagreement with the dominant reduced phases previously reported and suggests As and Pb contained within the mine waste-derived product are more bioavailable than previously considered. Aging studies in solution result in Ironite granules separating into two distinct fractions, an orange oxide precipitate and a crystalline fraction with a metallic luster. The orange oxide fraction contained As adsorbed/precipitated with ferrihydrite that is released into solution when allowed to equilibrate with water. The fraction with a metallic luster contained pyrite and arsenopyrite. A complete breakdown of arsenopyrite was observed in Ironite aged for 1 month in buffered deionized water. The observations from this study indicate As and Pb exist as oxidized phases that likely develop from the beneficiation and processing of mine tailings for commercial sale. The potential release of As and Pb has important implications for water quality standards and human health. Of particular concern is the quantity of As released from mine waste-derived products due to the new As regulation applied in 2006, limiting As levels to 10 microg L(-1) in drinking water.
Efecto a largo plazo del policosanol en la recuperación funcional de pacientes con ictus isquémico no cardioembólico: estudio de un año (2017)

Introduccion. El ictus es una causa principal de mortalidad y discapacidad. El policosanol ha sido eficaz en modelos de isquemia cerebral. Este estudio investiga si el tratamiento a largo plazo con policosanol, anadido a la terapia con acido acetilsalicilico (AAS), dentro de los 30 dias posteriores a un ictus, es mejor que el placebo + AAS en la recuperacion de los pacientes.

Pacientes y metodos. Estudio aleatorizado, doble ciego, controlado con placebo. Se incluyeron 80 pacientes (edad media: 69 anos) que sufrieron un ictus en los 30 dias previos y con una puntuacion de 2-4 en la escala de Rankin modificada (mRS). Se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en dos grupos y recibieron policosanol + AAS o placebo + AAS durante 12 meses.

Resultados. El tratamiento con policosanol + AAS disminuyo significativamente la puntuacion en la mRS desde el primer control intermedio (1,5 meses). El efecto del tratamiento incluso mejoro con la terapia a largo plazo. El numero de pacientes que alcanzaron valores de mRS menores o iguales a 1 fue superior en el grupo de policosanol + AAS (87,5%) que en el de placebo + AAS (0%). El tratamiento con policosanol + AAS aumento significativamente el indice de Barthel, disminuyo el colesterol LDL y aumento el colesterol HDL frente a placebo + AAS.

Conclusiones. El tratamiento a largo plazo (12 meses) con policosanol + AAS fue mas efectivo que el tratamiento con placebo + AAS en la recuperacion funcional de los pacientes despues de sufrir un ictus isquemico no cardioembolico de moderada gravedad.
Transient magnetic modelling of sensorless controlled induction machines (2003)

Summary form only given. Omitting the rotor position sensor of field oriented controlled inverter fed induction machines is so far only possible by evaluating the transient electrical behaviour of the machine. In this paper, a combined model is presented which integrates a transient energetic model of the laminations hysteresis into a magnetic equivalent circuit model of the machine and thus enables an optimisation of shaft sensorless drives.
Study of structural changes in magneto-rheological fluids by acoustic spectroscopy (2016)

The changes in structural arrangement in silicon oil based magneto-rheological fluids with carbonyl iron particles upon the effect of an external magnetic were studied by acoustic spectroscopy. The attenuation of acoustic waves was measured for a jump change of the magnetic field at temperature 20 °C for various magnetic particles concentrations. The relaxation effects for the acoustic attenuation after switching off the magnetic field and its decrease to the same value as for clean synthetic oil were observed. The change in attenuation coefficients of acoustic waves in magneto-rheological fluid versus angle between the wave vector and direction of the applied magnetic field has been measured, too. From the measured anisotropy of attenuation coefficient structural change of magneto-rheological fluid in the magnetic field is evident. The observed influences of the magnetic field and concentration on the investigated liquids structure are discussed.
Determination of the antioxidative activity of substituted 5-aminopyrimidines (2011)

The aminopyrimidine structural motif can be found in diverse biologically active compounds. This study aimed to describe the antioxidant activity of a series of di- and tri-substituted 5-aminopyrimidines using in vitro (TEAC, LPO) and cell-based assays. 2,4,6-trisubstituted 5-aminopyrimidines displayed the highest activity in the TEAC and LPO assays whereas compounds with protected 5-aminogroup were active in the cellular assay. This is most likely because of their better membrane permeability and intracellular metabolic activation. In summary, we have identified the antioxidant activity of a series of substituted 5-aminopyrimidines and their potential prodrugs which may have implications in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.
Production and Properties of Deproteinized Whey Powders (1976)

Spray drying the deproteinized fraction from ultrafiltered whey was investigated, and the effects of processing on the distribution and loss of nutritional components were determined. Concentrates ranging from 30 to 66% solids were prepared and tested for the effects of solids, temperature, viscosity, and lactose crystallization on drying. Concentrates between 40 and 50% solids were readily spray dried whereas concentrates above 50% failed to dry. Attempts to obtain maximum lactose crystallization prior to drying did not prove beneficial. Acidity of the permeate was not a major factor in establishing drying capability. Foamspray drying with air injection at the rate of 28 to 56 liters/rain produced a free flowing powder with moisture content of 1 to 3%. Twelve lots of cottage cheese permeate were dried without appreciable difficulty. Powders were moderately hygroscopic and usually contained less than 1.5% moisture. No loss of nutritional components, e.g., amino acids, minerals, and vitamins, was caused by drying.
Predicted and measured structural intensity in a plate excited by a diffuse acoustic field (2002)

Structural intensity (S-I) fields indicate energy source and sink regions in structures as well as energy flow paths through structures. Various S-I-based studies have been performed for structures excited at a point or group of points. Little attention, however, has been paid to S-I fields in structures under distributed random loads, such as those due to turbulent boundary layer pressure fields and diffuse acoustic fields. Such excitations occur in common engineering problems. This study presents experimental S-I results for a thin, simply supported, rectangular plate with an attached damper excited by a diffuse acoustic field. The plates velocity response to the excitation is measured using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. Finite differencing techniques are applied to the measured velocity field to yield S-I vectors. The experiments results are shown to be similar to predicted S-I fields. [Work supported by ARL Penn State.]
Data from Myelodysplastic Syndrome Revealed by Systems Immunology in a Melanoma Patient Undergoing Anti–PD-1 Therapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Antibodies aimed at blocking the interaction between programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands have shown impressive efficacy in a variety of malignancies and are generally well tolerated. Research has focused intensely on T cells and their interaction with cells within melanoma tumors, while relatively little is understood about the systems immunology of the cells in the blood during checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Longitudinal cytomic analysis using mass cytometry can characterize all the cells in a small sample of blood and has the potential to reveal key shifts in the cellular milieu occurring during treatment. We report a case of advanced melanoma in which mass cytometry detected abnormal myeloid cells resulting from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in the blood following treatment with an anti–PD-1 agent. Myeloid blasts comprised &lt;1% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 1 month after the start of treatment. Six months after starting therapy, myeloid blasts comprised 5% of PBMCs, and a bone marrow biopsy confirmed refractory anemia with excess blasts-2 (RAEB-2). Longitudinal mass cytometry immunophenotyping comprehensively characterized blast phenotype evolution and revealed elevated PD-1 expression on the surface of nonblast myeloid cells. These findings highlight the clinical significance of cytomic monitoring, indicate that the myeloid compartment should be monitored during checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and emphasize the value of systems immunology in medicine. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 4(6); 474–80. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Radiographic Defect Depth and Width for Prognosis and Description of Periodontal Healing of Infrabony Defects (2001)

Improvement achieved by guided tissue regeneration in infrabony defects can be maintained up to 24 months after surgery. Narrow and deep infrabony defects respond radiographically and to some extent clinically more favorably to GTR therapy than wide and shallow defects. However, depth of the infrabony component was a stronger prognostic parameter than defect angle. Actual smoking impairs the results of GTR therapy in infrabony defects.
Hydrogen-Peroxide-Enhanced Nonthermal Plasma Effluent for Biomedical Applications (2012)

A novel nonthermal plasma dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) system for decontamination, sterilization, and medical applications has been developed. The discharge is physically removed from the disinfection zone, and plasma-induced free radicals are delivered through an air stream. The physical distance between the discharge and the treatment surface can be up to 3 m, making the technology robust and flexible for applications in the medical clinic. The bactericidal properties of the free-radical effluent are enhanced by hydrogen peroxide additives. We report a 6-log reduction in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria strains in under 1 min of exposure in vitro and inactivation of Bacillus atrophaes spores and Escherichia coli biofilms. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide additives is seen to be a key variable in inactivation efficacy, suggesting that active species in our experiment may be different than in other DBD configurations. Precise chemical concentration measurements using direct frequency comb spectroscopy show presence of ozone ( O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ), hydrogen peroxide (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), nitrous oxide (N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O), and nitrogen dioxide (NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). In vivo multiple exposures of mouse skin to the plasma effluent do not yield any adverse effects.
Oxidative Stress in Cells with Extra Centrosomes Drives Non-Cell-Autonomous Invasion (2018)

Centrosomal abnormalities, in particular centrosome amplification, are recurrent features of human tumors. Enforced centrosome amplification in vivo plays a role in tumor initiation and progression. However, centrosome amplification occurs only in a subset of cancer cells, and thus, partly due to this heterogeneity, the contribution of centrosome amplification to tumors is unknown. Here, we show that supernumerary centrosomes induce a paracrine-signaling axis via the secretion of proteins, including interleukin-8 (IL-8), which leads to non-cell-autonomous invasion in 3D mammary organoids and zebrafish models. This extra centrosomes-associated secretory phenotype (ECASP) promotes invasion of human mammary cells via HER2 signaling activation. Further, we demonstrate that centrosome amplification induces an early oxidative stress response via increased NOX-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn mediates secretion of pro-invasive factors. The discovery that cells with extra centrosomes can manipulate the surrounding cells highlights unexpected and far-reaching consequences of these abnormalities in cancer.
Synchronous Presentation of Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor and Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report (1986)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Dec 1986Synchronous Presentation of Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor and Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report Michael R. Ellen, Thomas E. Ahlering, and Donald G. Skinner Michael R. EllenMichael R. Ellen More articles by this author , Thomas E. AhleringThomas E. Ahlering More articles by this author , and Donald G. SkinnerDonald G. Skinner More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)45325-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail The synchronous presentation of 2 separate neoplasms is extremely unusual. We report a case of a synchronous nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumor and renal cell carcinoma. © 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byDavis B, Sogani P and Herr H (2018) Association of Primary Germ Cell Tumor of the Testis and Renal Cell CarcinomaJournal of Urology, VOL. 150, NO. 5 Part 1, (1489-1491), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1993.Matzkin H and Braf Z (2018) Multiple Primary Malignant Neoplasms in the Genitourinary Tract: Occurrence and EtiologyJournal of Urology, VOL. 142, NO. 1, (1-12), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1989. Volume 136Issue 6December 1986Page: 1309-1310 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Michael R. Ellen More articles by this author Thomas E. Ahlering More articles by this author Donald G. Skinner More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Perspective Transformer Nets: Learning Single-View 3D Object Reconstruction without 3D Supervision (2016)

Understanding the 3D world is a fundamental problem in computer vision. However, learning a good representation of 3D objects is still an open problem due to the high dimensionality of the data and many factors of variation involved. In this work, we investigate the task of single-view 3D object reconstruction from a learning agent's perspective. We formulate the learning process as an interaction between 3D and 2D representations and propose an encoder-decoder network with a novel projection loss defined by the perspective transformation. More importantly, the projection loss enables the unsupervised learning using 2D observation without explicit 3D supervision. We demonstrate the ability of the model in generating 3D volume from a single 2D image with three sets of experiments: (1) learning from single-class objects; (2) learning from multi-class objects and (3) testing on novel object classes. Results show superior performance and better generalization ability for 3D object reconstruction when the projection loss is involved.
Las invenciones procedentes de centros públicos de investigación en la nueva Ley de Patentes (2018)

espanolLa nueva Ley de Patentes establece un regimen especifico para regular el derecho a la patente sobre las invenciones procedentes de centros publicos de investigacion. En este trabajo, se analiza aquel regimen especifico, en virtud del cual la titularidad de la invencion es asignada al centro publico de investigacion. Asimismo, se analizan las obligaciones y derechos del investigador, y de forma especial su derecho a participar en los beneficios derivados de la explotacion de la invencion. EnglishThe new Patent Act establishes a specific regime to regulate the ownership on inventions proceeding from public research centers. In this paper, we analyze that specific regime, under which ownership of the invention is assigned to the public research center. It also analyzes researcher’s rights and duties, specifically his right to participate in the benefits derived from the exploitation of the invention.
Comparison of exhaust emission from Euro 3 and Euro 6 motor vehicles fueled with petrol and LPG based on real driving conditions (2019)

Constantly increasing requirements regarding emission limits for harmful exhaust components force vehicle manufacturers to im-prove the construction of vehicle engines as well as exhaust gas cleaning systems. In addition to modifications in the field of technology of motor vehicles themselves, it is also important to study the impact of alternatives to petrol or diesel fuels. One of the most popular fossil fuel is liquid petroleum gas. In the paper, the results of comparative studies on the emission of harmful exhaust components of vehicles meeting the Euro 3 and Euro 6 standards in the field of petrol and LPG fuel use are presented. Emission measurement was performed using a portable emission measurement system from Horiba OBS-2200 under real traffic conditions. The presented results show the differences between the tested vehicles and the fuels used.
<monospace>nvramdisk</monospace>: A Transactional Block Device Driver for Non-Volatile RAM (2015)

In this work, we developed nvramdisk, a transactional block device driver for byte-addressable NVRAM. nvramdisk effectively addresses the key technical challenges in using a section of NVRAM as a transactional persistent block device. nvramdisk adopts (i) shadow block, (ii) mapping table journaling, and (iii) type-dependent ordering guarantee to provide atomicity, consistency, integrity and durability in write operations on nvramdisk imposed block device. We fully implemented nvramdisk device driver on Linux OS and port it on the desktop computer as well as Android smartphones. In memcachedb, locating the database table in nvramdisk brings ×1.9 insertions/sec and updates/sec performance gain against locating the database table in a high-end SSD (FusionIO ioDrive2). SQLite performance increases by ×2.9, from 743 ins/sec to 2,184 ins/sec, in smartphone(Samsung Galaxy S4) and ×15, from 730 ins/sec to 12390 ins/sec in PC. nvramdisk yields 26 percent higher random write performance against Persistent Memory Block Driver. The overhead of supporting transaction accompanies 6 percent performance penalty in memcachedb operations.
Evolutionary Concepts Important to Psychiatry (2015)

This chapter explores evolutionary concepts important to psychiatry. It discusses concepts including natural selection, adaptation, function, ultimate causation, individual fitness, self-interest, kin selection, reciprocal altruism, and traits and trait variation.
Determination of the enantiomers of albuterol in human and canine plasma by enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography on a teicoplanin-based chiral stationary phase (1998)

A sensitive enantioselective high-performance chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed validated to determine low levels of (-)-R and (+)-S-albuterol in plasma. Baseline resolution was achieved by using a teicoplanin-based chiral stationary phase with a polar organic mobile phase consisting of methanol/ acetonitrile/glacial acetic acid/diethylamine, 40:60:0.3:0.2, (v/v/v/v) and a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min. Enantioselectivity (alpha) equaled 1.18 and resolution (RS) equaled 1.8. By using fluorescence detection maximized at 230 and 310 nm for excitation and emission, respectively, concentrations of each enantiomer could be measured down to 125 pg/ml from a 1-ml plasma sample. Initially, the method was applied to plasma samples from a small single-dose inhalation study of racemic albuterol in a human volunteer and, later, to in vivo samples from a canine inhalation study of the single enantiomer, (-)-R-albuterol. Results from the canine study showed that no chiral inversion of (-)-R-albuterol occurs in the dog.
Thermal Behaviour of Deep Levels at Dislocations in n-Type Silicon (1997)

The thermal behaviour of deformation-induced traps in plastically deformed n-type silicon has been investigated via Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy. Among the four traps usually detected in plastically deformed silicon only two have been found to survive upon annealing: trap A and trap C located at 0.18–0.23 eV and 0.38–0.43 eV from the conduction band edge, respectively. The last one has been related to dislocations.
The Art and Science of Infectious Diseases Consultation (2008)

Infectious diseases is a cognitive specialty that is procedurally represented by the consultation. Done correctly, a consultation is a powerful tool that can change physician behavior, strengthen critical relationships, and establish a consultant's reputation of excellence. The process of consultation requires multiple learnable skills that, when practiced and perfected, translate into a blueprint for professional success and satisfaction.