gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of amino acids in the Dr adhesin required for binding to decay‐accelerating factor (2002)

Members of the Dr family of adhesins of Escherichia coli recognize as a receptor the Dr(a) blood-group antigen present on the complement regulatory and signalling molecule, decay-accelerating factor (DAF). One member of this family, the Dr haemagglutinin, also binds to a second receptor, type IV collagen. Structure/function information regarding these adhesins has been limited and domains directly involved in the interaction with DAF have not been determined. We devised a strategy to identify amino acids in the Dr haemagglutinin that are specifically involved in the interaction with DAF. The gene encoding the adhesive subunit, draE, was subjected to random mutagenesis and used to complement a strain defective for its expression. The resulting mutants were enriched and screened to obtain those that do not bind to DAF, but retain binding to type IV collagen. Individual amino acid changes at positions 10, 63, 65, 75, 77, 79 and 131 of the mature DraE sequence significantly reduced the ability of the DraE adhesin to bind DAF, but not collagen. Over half of the mutants obtained had substitutions within amino acids 63-81. Analysis of predicted structures of DraE suggest that these proximal residues may cluster to form a binding domain for DAF.
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkylphosphonic Acids on Metal Oxides (1996)

Dense, highly ordered monolayers can be prepared by the adsorption of octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) onto nonporous ZrO2, TiO2, and zirconated silica powders. ODPA reacts strongly with Al2O3 to form a bulk (aluminoalkyl)phosphonate. The infrared spectra of the ODPA monolayers indicate a degree of conformational order comparable to self-assembled monolayers on planar substrates. From the solid-state 31P and 13C NMR spectra, the strength of the surface interaction and the degree of conformational order decrease in the following order: zirconated silica > ZrO2 > TiO2. Although the inner methylenes are primarily in an all-trans conformation, the chain termina are highly disordered. In the case of zirconated silica, there is evidence for the formation of some bulk zirconium alkylphosphonate. Proton line width measurements from 2D WISE NMR experiments reveal that considerable chain mobility is present in the ODPA monolayers on ZrO2 and TiO2, in contrast to bulk crystalline phases.
Supplementary Table 1 from Abcc2 (Mrp2), Abcc3 (Mrp3), and Abcg2 (Bcrp1) are the main determinants for rapid elimination of methotrexate and its toxic metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate <i>in vivo</i> (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Abcc2 (Mrp2), Abcc3 (Mrp3), and Abcg2 (Bcrp1) are the main determinants for rapid elimination of methotrexate and its toxic metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;
Study the optimum parameters of high voltage electrostatic field thawing (2011)

Abstract To improve the thawing technique and the thawing efficiency of high voltage electrostatic thawing, reducing the energy consumption, the effects of technical parameters on the thawing rate and energy consumption were investigated. Ice contained in the Petri dish was put in the high voltage electrostatic field which was made up of a multiple point pole and a plate pole. By changing the thawing voltage, the electrode spacing and the distance between the two neighboring needles, the factors related to the thawing rate and energy consumption were quantitatively studied. The results indicate that when the distance between the needle electrodes and the surface of the plate pole is constant, the thawing rate increases linearly while the thawing energy consumption increases nonlinearly with the supplied voltage. When the supplied voltage is not changed, the ice thawing rate and energy consumption are changed with the distance between the two neighboring needles. When the distance between the two neighboring needles is not changed, the ice thawing rate and energy consumption are changed with the electrode spacing. When the electrode spacing is 9 cm, the thawing rate is the highest while the energy consumption is relative least, 45 kV is the optimum value for thawing voltage.
Fluorescence intensity ratio technique for optical fiber point temperature sensing (2003)

The fluorescence intensity ratio technique for optical fiber-based point temperature sensing is reviewed, including the materials suitable for this technique. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence intensity ratio has been studied using thermally coupled energy levels in seven different rare earth ions doped into a variety of glasses and crystals. Sensor prototypes developed using Pr3+:ZBLANP, Nd3+-doped silica fiber and Yb3+-doped silica fiber as the sensing material have been used to measure temperatures covering the range of approximately −50 to 600 °C with a resolution of the order of 1 °C.
Effect of mineralogical properties of iron ore on its assimilation with lime. Tekkoseki no CaO tono doka ni oyobosu koseki seijo no eikyo (1992)

Assimilation experiment of iron ores and artificial ores catalyzing with CaO is carried out. Dense ore has slow assimilation and the acicular calcium ferrite has adhered on the unassimilated portion of the ore. Highly porous pisolite ore has assimilated very rapidly and is comprised of granular hematite, glassy silicate and very large pores of size more than 100{mu}. The main reason for the formation of large pores during assimilation has been because of the already present large pores ( 200{approximately}500{mu}3m) and the cracks developed at heating but not because of high porosity and clay content in the ore. Clay type gangue mineral having the properties in between packed ore and large porous ore has assimilation behavior as that of pisolite ore. The amount of pores after heating and temperature of the ore have promoted assimilation. Caolinite gangue mineral of clay ore has promoted assimilation where as silica rock and gypsonite gangue minerals have suppressed assimilation. Assimilation rate equation was determined quantifying all variables. 13 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.
LIM domain proteins. (1995)

The LIM domain is a cysteine-rich domain composed of 2 special zinc fingers that are joined by a 2-amino acid spacer. Some proteins are constituted by LIM domains only while others contain a variety of different functional domains. LIM proteins form a diverse group which includes transcription factors and cytoskeletal proteins. The primary role of LIM domains appears to be in protein-protein interaction, through the formation of dimers with identical or different LIM domains or by binding distinct proteins. In LIM homeodomain proteins, LIM domains seem to function as negative regulatory domains. LIM homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of cell lineage determination and the regulation of differentiation, and LIM-only proteins may have similar roles. LIM-only proteins are also implicated in the control of cell proliferation since several genes encoding such proteins are associated with oncogenic chromosome translocations. In analyzing sequence relationships between LIM domains we suggest that they may be arranged into 5 groups which appear to correlate with the structural and functional properties of the proteins containing these domains.
Nuclear magnetic resonance and chemical modification studies of bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase: evidence for zinc-promoted organization of the active site structure (1977)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of the exchangeable protons, tentatively assigned as histidine resonances, of bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase in H2O has been found to be a powerful method to study the active site of the enzyme. This technique has been employed in conjunction with chemical modification of the histidine residues using diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP) to show that zinc alone organizes the active site structure. All eight histidines per subunit of apoenzyme react with DEP. The accessibility of these residues to solvent is borne out by the broad, featureless NMR spectrum of the apoprotein. In the holoenzyme only His-19, which is exposed to solvent, can be modified with DEP. The reduced holoenzyme shows a well-resolved NMR spectrum compared with the oxidized form in which the lines are broadened by the paramagnetic copper ion. A spectrum very similar to that of the reduced enzyme is generated by addition of one zinc ion per subunit of apoprotein showing that zinc alone restores much of the native structure. This interpretation is supported by the fact that addition of up to 1 mol of zinc per subunit statistically reduces the number of histidine residues that can be modified by DEP until, at Zn: apoprotein ratios greater than or equal to 1, only His-19 reacts. The NMR spectrum of the apo plus 2 Zn2+ protein has additional structure that is briefly discussed.
Application of discriminative models for interactive query refinement in video retrieval (2013)

The ability to quickly search for large volumes of videos for specific actions or events can provide a dramatic new capability to intelligence agencies. Example-based queries from video are a form of content-based information retrieval (CBIR) where the objective is to retrieve clips from a video corpus, or stream, using a representative query sample to find more like this. Often, the accuracy of video retrieval is largely limited by the gap between the available video descriptors and the underlying query concept, and such exemplar queries return many irrelevant results with relevant ones. In this paper, we present an Interactive Query Refinement (IQR) system which acts as a powerful tool to leverage human feedback and allow intelligence analyst to iteratively refine search queries for improved precision in the retrieved results. In our approach to IQR, we leverage discriminative models that operate on high dimensional features derived from low-level video descriptors in an iterative framework. Our IQR model solicits relevance feedback on examples selected from the region of uncertainty and updates the discriminating boundary to produce a relevance ranked results list. We achieved 358% relative improvement in Mean Average Precision (MAP) over initial retrieval list at a rank cutoff of 100 over 4 iterations. We compare our discriminative IQR model approach to a naïve IQR and show our model-based approach yields 49% relative improvement over the no model naïve system.
A Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicle Future? (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;There is much interest and debate on which advanced vehicle technologies will be common in the future. Public expectations seem to be running high with great promise of non-polluting, high efficiency vehicles. For the vehicles to reach high volume production though, the characteristics of these vehicles will need to meet customer demands for price, performance, driveability and comfort. The ideal propulsion system solution may well be different for the various vehicle applications (SUV, passenger car, city bus) as well as in different world markets. Currently there appears to be a significant divide between the benefits of hybrid vehicles and the incremental price consumers may be willing to pay. This raises the question as to what type of hybrids will be seen on the roads in the future. This paper reviews the future advanced vehicle concepts and focuses on the probable prime candidate for near term mass market - the mild hybrid. The various advanced vehicles are compared from the current purchasing standpoint of vehicle fuel economy and likely incremental cost. Other customer requirements are discussed. The concerns about vehicle price outweighing the benefits to the public at large seems valid. The Mild hybrid may have the potential to provide the right cost-benefit balance in the short term, until the prices of full hybrids and fuel cell vehicles comes down significantly.&lt;/div&gt;
Adhesion and Detachment Mechanisms between Polymer and Solid Substrate Surfaces: Using Polystyrene–Mica as a Model System (2016)

The adhesion and detachment of polymer and solid substrate surfaces play important roles in many engineering applications such as for designing adhesives, biomedical adhesives, adhesive tapes, robust protective coatings, biomedical scaffolds, prosthetic devices (e.g., artificial joints and implants), and fabrication of micro- and nanoelectromechanical devices. In this work, a surface forces apparatus (SFA) coupled with top-view optical microscopy was employed to measure the adhesion between thin polystyrene (PS) films and a mica substrate to probe their detachment behaviors. Various factors, including molecular weight (MW), contact time, and polarity-enhancing UV/ozone treatment, were examined. The results show that increased chain-end density, chain mobility, and segment polarity can all contribute to enhanced adhesion strength for both the “symmetric” PS–PS and “asymmetric” PS–mica systems but attributed to different adhesion/detachment mechanisms. For the asymmetric PS–mica system, the increased chain-end density (lower MW), increased chain mobility, and increased polarity (induced by UV/ozone treatment) facilitate the rearrangement of the polystyrene chains and the development of mainly “polar” interactions such as dipole–dipole, dipole–induced dipole, and attractive hydrogen bond interactions between the polar groups on the UV-treated PS (the π-electron clouds of the phenyl rings) and the highly polar mica surface. For the symmetric PS–PS system, the enhanced adhesion is mainly due to the interdiffusion, interdigitation, interpenetration, and entanglement of chains across the polymer–polymer contact interface. Importantly, during the separation of a UV/ozone-treated PS surface from mica, “stick–slip” detachment was observed, resulting in a residue of concentric polymer rings left on the mica surface. Our results provide new fundamental and practical insights into the adhesion, detachment, and damage (wear) mechanisms of polymer–polymer and polymer–solid surfaces.
The antigen specific composition of melanoma tumor infiltrating lymphocytes? (2012)

Large numbers of tumor associated antigens has been characterized, but only a minor fraction of these are recognized by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes of melanoma, although these have shown the ability to recognize tumor and provide tumor regression upon adoptive transfer. Thus the peptide recognition of the majority of the CD8 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes remains to be identified.
Malignant hemangioendothelioma (angiosarcoma) of the skull: plain film, CT, and MR appearance. (1997)

Hemangioendothelioma is a rare neoplasm of bone that uncommonly involves the skull. We present a case of grade III malignant hemangioendothelioma (also known as angiosarcoma) of the skull in a 13-year-old boy and describe the plain film, CT, and MR appearance of this neoplasm as well as its histopathology.
Operation of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) under practical constraints (1998)

The UPFC is the most versatile and complex power electronic equipment that has emerged for the control and optimization of power flow in electrical power transmission systems. It offers major potential advantages for the static and dynamic operation of transmission lines, but it brings with it major design challenges, both in the power electronics and from the perspective of the power system. As the UPFC transitions from concept to full-scale power system implementation, the control and protection of this sophisticated equipment are of primary concern. This paper describes the basic control, sequencing and protection philosophies that govern the operation of the UPFC, subject to the practical constraints encountered in an actual high power installation. The operation of the UPFC is illustrated with representative results from a TNA study, undertaken jointly by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) and Westinghouse Science and Technology Center (STC).
NO and NO2 Sensing Properties of WO3 and Co3O4 Based Gas Sensors (2013)

Semiconductor-based gas sensors that use n-type WO3 or p-type Co3O4 powder were fabricated and their gas sensing properties toward NO2 or NO (0.5-5 ppm in air) were investigated at 100 °C or 200 °C. The resistance of the WO3-based sensor increased on exposure to NO2 and NO. On the other hand, the resistance of the Co3O4-based sensor varied depending on the operating temperature and the gas species. The chemical states of the surface of WO3 or those of the Co3O4 powder on exposure to 1 ppm NO2 and NO were investigated by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. No clear differences between the chemical states of the metal oxide surface exposed to NO2 or NO could be detected from the DRIFT spectra.
RF MEMS Inductors and Their Applications—A Review (2016)

Inductors are primary elements in many radio frequency circuitries and devices. This review gives a comprehensive survey on the developments and performances of fixed and variable RF MEMS inductors. MEMS inductors are the core of this review due to their high-yield performances and the wide choices of possible tuning techniques. First, the factors that constrain high-performance micro coils and the conventional solutions to overcome them are highlighted. Next, this paper systematically reviews varieties of MEMS inductors starting with the fixed inductors and according to inductors' topologies and performance enhancement techniques. In addition, the variable types of inductors are subsequently discussed, mainly from the point of view of their tuning techniques. Many quantitative comparisons are given in terms of the values of quality factor, inductance, self-resonance frequency, and tuning range. This will provide readers with an overall evaluation of different studies and assist them in choosing the inductors' topologies and layouts that best suit their applications. This review also sheds light on different and most common RF MEMS inductors applications, including RF communication devices and wireless sensors and actuators applications. Finally, this paper summarizes the best fabrication and tuning approaches inferred from the reviewed works and discusses some design guidelines to achieve better inductor performance.
Bulk electricity pricing in restructured markets : lessons for developing countries from eight case studies (1997)

In 1992, the World Bank's Board of Directors approved a set of good practice principles for the power sector. In the light of the 1992 Board decision and given the continuing efforts of countries around the world to reform their sectors in line with these principles, the Bank saw substantial value in surveying and reporting on the experiences of both developed and developing countries with the process. A compilation of empirical and anecdotal information on the problems, perceptions, and successes of countries that had completed or were still pursuing power sector reforms could be useful to countries contemplating or initiating reforms of their own development strategies, institutions, and pricing policies for the sector. The results would also be useful as feedback to Bank staff involved in assistance and lending to the power sector. Recognizing this need for information, the Bank implemented a study of the pricing of bulk electricity supplies in restructured markets. The work focused on eight power systems in four countries where the reform process has already made substantial advances: the United Kingdom, Norway, the United States, and Chile.
Context based Adoption of Ranking and Indexing Measures for Cricket Team Ranks (2020)

There is an international cricket governing body that ranks the expertise of all the cricket playing nations, known as the International Cricket Council (ICC). The ranking system followed by the ICC relies on the winnings... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press
Performance of meat‐type chickens test‐positive and ‐negative for lymphoid Leukosis virus infection1 (1982)

Four "sire-line" and seven "dam-line" breeding stocks of meat-type chickens were purchased as 1-day-old chicks from commercial breeders. One egg from each of 61 to 81 hens per stock was tested at 245-280 days of age for presence of group specific antigen of the lymphoid leukosis virus (LLV). Subsequently, cloacal swabs collected at 42 days of age from 93 male and 188 female progeny of particular "dam-line" stocks were tested for LLV. The percentage of LLV shedders in the individual stocks varied from 0 to 15%. Egg production to 385 days was lower in shedders than in non-shedders by 10 eggs per hen housed and by eight eggs per surviving hen. In the crossbred progeny of the "dam-line" stocks tested for LLV at broiler age, males had a significantly lower percentage of positives (2%) than females (11%). The broiler-age body weight of the test-positive females was 5% lower and, to 315 days of age, their mortality was 29% higher and egg production per hen housed 28 eggs lower than in the negative birds.
Author response: Virtual mouse brain histology from multi-contrast MRI via deep learning (2021)

Deep convolutional neural networks can generate virtual histology from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to map cellular structures in the mouse brain with high specificity, which enables neurobiologists to use MRI to characterize neuropathology effectively.
Functionalized Layered Nanomaterials: A Next-Generation Shale Inhibitor (2020)

Detrimental formation damage can occur while drilling unconventional shales, owing to hydration and subsequent swelling of the clays. Therefore, clay stabilization is an essential component for efficient wellbore construction and treatments involving water-based reservoir fluids. Several different types of clay stabilization additives are available commercially, whereas, it is important to compare their cost, effectiveness, durability, and environmental impact while making a decision. We have developed organic-inorganic layered material (MSil-N) where the organic functionalities have been covalently linked on the surface of the inorganic nanometer-thick platelets. Analytical techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy were used to characterize this novel, next-generation shale inhibitor. Clay stabilization efficacy of MSil-N is studied and compared with conventional clay inhibitors through clay swelling tests using a capillary suction timer. Pierre II shale was also used to determine swelling and hydration characteristics using the dispersion method. We have also demonstrated the formation of the coating on the surface of shales using electron microscopy. Conventional clay stabilization compounds are solely organic molecules, however, MSil-N is a hybrid of organic and inorganic components. The presence of inorganic entities in MSil-N provides excellent coating strength compared to a solely organic film on the clay, effectively shielding from the hydration of clays. Since the ionic MSil-N have inorganic moieties, it shows exceptional thermal stability unlike organic inhibitors.