gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of substrate composition on human embryonic stem cell differentiation and extracellular matrix production in embryoid bodies (2014)

Stem cells reside in specialized niches in vivo. Specific factors, including the extracellular matrix (ECM), in these niches are directly responsible for maintaining the stem cell population. During development, components of the stem cell microenvironment also control differentiation with precise spatial and temporal organization. The stem cell microenvironment is dynamically regulated by the cellular component, including stem cells themselves. Thus, a mechanism exists whereby stem cells modify the ECM, which in turn affects the fate of the stem cell. In this study, we investigated whether the type of ECM initially adsorbed to the culture substrate can influence the composition of the ECM deposited by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiating in embryoid bodies, and whether different ECM composition and deposition profiles elicit distinct differentiation fates. We have shown that the initial ECM environment hESCs are exposed to affects the fate decisions of those cells and that this initial ECM environment is constantly modified during the differentiation process.
Synthesis of Dicationic Ionic Liquids and their Application in the Preparation of Hierarchical Zeolite Beta (2011)

Piperidine- and imidazole-based dicatoinic ionic liquids have been developed for the synthesis of zeolite Beta. Hierarchical Beta has a larger surface area and pore volume than conventional Beta. Beta derived from a dicationic ionic liquid exhibited remarkably higher catalytic activity than the conventional Beta. Experimental evidence and DFT calculations suggest that only a suitable conformation of such dicationic ionic liquids is able to form zeolite Beta (see scheme).
Clinical and biological significance of HSP89 alpha in human breast cancer (1992)

In order to isolate and characterize genes whose expression may be altered in breast malignancy, we screened a cDNA library with a polyclonal anti-serum against breast-cancer-metastasis membranes and isolated several immunopositive clones. One of these, AJ1, was analyzed in detail and found to be expressed at varying levels as a 3.3-kb mRNA in all of 143 breast cancers. High expression was associated with lymph-node involvement (p = 0.03). Comparison between high- and low-expressing groups showed a significant difference at 4 and 6 years for both overall (p = 0.004 and p = 0.002 respectively) and disease-free (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.04 respectively) survival, but not at 11 years. AJ1 was expressed at much lower levels in non-malignant biopsies as compared with malignant tissue (p = 0.001). Expression was observed in breast-cancer cell lines MCF-7, ZR-75-1, T47D, MDA-MB-231 and HBL 100. Partial sequence analysis of the 620 bp clone showed complete homology with human heat-shock protein 89 alpha. In addition to being heat-inducible in all the breast cell lines examined, AJ1 levels were increased by estradiol (blocked by cyclohexamide and tamoxifen), EGF, oxytocin and vasopressin in a time-dependent manner in MCF-7 cells and by estradiol, EGF, prolactin and hydrocortisone in T47D cells. In MDA-MB-231 cells, EGF caused down-regulation of AJ1 mRNA levels. The increasing evidence for the association of heat-shock proteins with steroid receptors suggests that AJ1 may play an important role in the control of estrogen-receptor transcriptional activity in breast cancers.
Adsorption properties and structure of CO2 adsorbed on open coordination sites of metal–organic framework Ni2(dhtp) from gas adsorption, IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (2008)

The microporous metal-organic framework Ni(2)(dhtp) (H(4)dhtp=2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid) shows distinct end-on CO(2) coordination to coordinatively unsaturated nickel sites giving rise to high CO(2) adsorption capacity at sub-atmospheric pressures and ambient temperatures.
NEGATIVE CAPACITANCE IN AMORPHOUS SEMICONDUCTOR CHALCOGENIDE THIN FILMS (1969)

Certain amorphous materials exhibit rapid electrical switching. The variation in their capacitance was evaluated as a function of temperature and electric field in the high-resistance state. The zero-field capacitance follows a Curie-Weiss law above room temperature. At low temperatures, and at fields near the threshold of switching for higher temperatures, the open-circuit incremental ac capacitance becomes negative.
An Economic Analysis of Strategic Information Technology Investments1 (1991)

The information systems literature is replete with conceptual frameworks for analyzing strategic applications of information technology (IT). In this article, the strategic impacts of IT investment are studied through the development of a formal economic model. In particular, it focuses on IT-related quality competition in a duopoly, where the services may not be priced initially (e.g., in the financial services sector), and where the benefits may come indirectly (e.g., in the form of interest earned on consumer deposits or float on checking accounts). A firm may have to invest in IT, regardless of its underlying cost structure, as a response to its competitor’s investment level. (We analyze the division of technology benefits between the firms and the consumers and study welfare implications for simultaneous and sequential investments.) Both firms prefer sequential over simultaneous investments, even when both have the required technology. While the IT-inefficient firm (one with higher IT cost for a given service quality) has followership incentives, the leadership incentives for the IT-efficient firm depend on the difference in IT cost structures and on the degree of substitutability between the services of the two firms. A preliminary treatment of pricing issues is provided in conjunction with consumer switching cost, which not only has a negative impact on consumer welfare but may also reduce total industry profits. For dynamic markets with new consumers, the negative effect of switching cost on the welfare of existing consumers is reduced when the IT-efficient firm moves first.
Predictive Role of Selvester QRS Score in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (2020)

Abstract Introduction Few data exist regarding the late clinical impact of the Selvester score prediction of myocardial fibrosis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). This study evaluated the predictive power of the Selvester score on survival in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing TAVR. Methods and results Patients with severe AS who had preoperative electrocardiograms were included. Clinical follow-up was obtained retrospectively. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints were cardiovascular death and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Two hundred twenty-eight patients were included (mean age, 81.5±7.4 years; women, 58.3%). Deceased patients had a higher mean score (4.6±3.2 vs. 1.4±1.3; p&amp;lt;0.001). At a mean follow-up of 36.2±21.2 months, the Selvester score was independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48–1.84; p&amp;lt;0.001), cardiovascular death (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.38–1.74; p&amp;lt;0.001), and MACE (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.30–1.68; p&amp;lt;0.001). After 5 years, the mortality risk was incrementally related to the Selvester score. The involvement of the inferior wall of the left ventricle was a lower mortality risk (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.98; p=0.046). For a Selvester score of 3, the area under the curve showed 0.92, 0.94, and 0.86 (p&amp;lt;0.001), respectively, for 1, 2, and 3 years. Conclusions Elevated Selvester scores increase the risk of poor outcomes in patients with AS undergoing TAVR. The involvement of the anterior or lateral wall presents worse prognosis. Kaplain Meier and ROC Curve Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None
Adaptive Prediction and Control of a Process (1991)

This paper describes the adaptive prediction and control of a non-linear process with time delay. The process can be described approximately by a non-minimum phase linear system with time varying coefficients. An adaptive control strategy is needed to adapt to time-varying behavior of the process. An adaptive prediction and control scheme is used to accomplish this objective. Algorithms are described, simulation results are presented and implementation strategies of such systems are discussed.
Ultrafast mid-infrared spectrochronography of dispersion near molecular absorption bands (2018)

Quantitative characterization of dispersion near molecular resonances is difficult both conceptually and technically, as it requires systematic measurements of rapidly varying dispersion profiles across the edges of molecular absorption bands. Here, we show that this challenge can be confronted with an ultrafast spectrochronography technique that combines time-resolved four-wave mixing and cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating. We demonstrate that, with the spectrum of an ultrashort mid-infrared laser probe stretching across the edge of a molecular absorption band, the Wigner chronocyclic maps of such a probe reveal universal signatures of anomalous dispersion and help quantify such dispersion anomalies.
Enhancing co-production of H[subscript 2] and Syngas via Water Splitting and POM on Surface-Modiﬁed Oxygen Permeable Membranes (2016)

In this article, we report a detailed study on co-production of H2 and syngas on La[subscript 0.9]Ca[subsvript 0.1]FeO[subscript 3−[delta] (LCF-91) membranes via water splitting and partial oxidation of methane, respectively. A permeation model shows that the surface reaction on the sweep side is the rate limiting step for this process on a 0.9 mm-thick dense membrane at 990°C. Hence, sweep side surface modifications such as adding a porous layer and nickel catalysts were applied; the hydrogen production rate from water thermolysis is enhanced by two orders of magnitude to 0.37 μmol/cm2•s compared with the results on the unmodified membrane. At the sweep side exit, syngas (H[subscript 2]/CO = 2) is produced and negligible solid carbon is found. Yet near the membrane surface on the sweep side, methane can decompose into solid carbon and hydrogen at the surface, or it may be oxidized into CO and CO[subscript 2], depending on the oxygen permeation flux. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 4427–4435, 2016
SU‐C‐213‐01: 3D Printed Patient Specific Phantom Composed of Bone and Soft Tissue Substitute Plastics for Radiation Therapy (2015)

Purpose: 3D printed phantoms constructed of multiple tissue approximating materials could be useful in both clinical and research aspects of radiotherapy. This work describes a 3D printed phantom constructed with tissue substitute plastics for both bone and soft tissue; air cavities were included as well. Methods: 3D models of an anonymized nasopharynx patient were generated for air cavities, soft tissues, and bone, which were segmented by Hounsfield Unit (HU) thresholds. HU thresholds were chosen to define air‐to‐soft tissue boundaries of 0.65 g/cc and soft tissue‐to‐bone boundaries of 1.18 g/cc based on clinical HU to density tables. After evaluation of several composite plastics, a bone tissue substitute was identified as an acceptable material for typical radiotherapy x‐ray energies, composed of iron and PLA plastic. PET plastic was determined to be an acceptable soft tissue substitute. 3D printing was performed on a consumer grade dual extrusion fused deposition model 3D printer. Results: MVCT scans of the 3D printed heterogeneous phantom were acquired. Rigid image registration of the patient and the 3D printed phantom scans was performed. The average physical density of the soft tissue and bone regions was 1.02 ± 0.08 g/cc and 1.39 ± 0.14 g/cc, respectively, for the patient kVCT scan. In the 3D printed phantom MVCT scan, the average density of the soft tissue and bone was 1.01 ± 0.09 g/cc and 1.44 ± 0.12 g/cc, respectively. Conclusion: A patient specific phantom, constructed of heterogeneous tissue substitute materials was constructed by 3D printing. MVCT of the 3D printed phantom showed realistic tissue densities were recreated by the 3D printing materials. Funding provided by intra‐department grant by University of Minnesota Department of Radiation Oncology
Unusual behavior of hexafluorobenzene and benzene in the aromatic nuclear magnetic resonance shift effect (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnusual behavior of hexafluorobenzene and benzene in the aromatic nuclear magnetic resonance shift effectR. D. Bertrand, R. D. Compton, and John G. VerkadeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 9, 2702–2709Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00712a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00712a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The non-linear market impact of large trades: evidence from buy-side order flow (2013)

We perform an empirical study of a set of large institutional orders executed in the US equity market. Our results validate the hidden order arbitrage theory proposed by Farmer et al . [How efficiency shapes market impact, 2013] of the market impact of large institutional orders. We find that large trades are drawn from a distribution with tail exponent of roughly 3/2 and that market impact approximately increases as the square root of trade duration. We examine price reversion after the completion of a trade, finding that permanent impact is also a square root function of trade duration and that its ratio to the total impact observed at the last fill is roughly 2/3. Additionally, we confirm empirically that the post-trade price reverts to a level consistent with a fair pricing condition of Farmer et al . (2013). We study the relaxation dynamics of market impact and find that impact decay is a multi-regime process, approximated by a power law in the first few minutes after order completion and subsequently by exponential decay.
Metals and Methanotrophy (2018)

Aerobic methanotrophs have long been known to play a critical role in the global carbon cycle, being capable of converting methane to biomass and carbon dioxide. Interestingly, these microbes exhibit great sensitivity to copper and rare-earth elements, with the expression of key genes involved in the central pathway of methane oxidation controlled by the availability of these metals. That is, these microbes have a "copper switch" that controls the expression of alternative methane monooxygenases and a "rare-earth element switch" that controls the expression of alternative methanol dehydrogenases. Further, it has been recently shown that some methanotrophs can detoxify inorganic mercury and demethylate methylmercury; this finding is remarkable, as the canonical organomercurial lyase does not exist in these methanotrophs, indicating that a novel mechanism is involved in methylmercury demethylation. Here, we review recent findings on methanotrophic interactions with metals, with a particular focus on these metal switches and the mechanisms used by methanotrophs to bind and sequester metals.
Design and Analysis of a Graphical Password Scheme (2009)

Graphical passwords are believed to be more secure than traditional textual passwords, but the authentications are usually complex and boring for users. Furthermore, most of the existing graphical password schemes are vulnerable to spyware and shoulder surfing. A novel graphical password scheme ColorLogin is proposed in this paper. ColorLogin is implemented in an interesting game way to weaken the boring feelings of the authentication. ColorLogin uses background color, a method not previously considered, to decrease login time greatly. Multiple colors are used to confuse the peepers, while not burdening the legitimate users. Meanwhile, the scheme is resistant to shoulder surfing and intersection attack to a certain extent. Experiments illustrate the effectiveness of ColorLogin.
Cross Talk between PML and p53 during Poliovirus Infection: Implications for Antiviral Defense (2006)

PML nuclear bodies (NBs) are dynamic intranuclear structures harboring numerous transiently or permanently localized proteins. PML, the NBs' organizer, is directly induced by interferon, and its expression is critical for antiviral host defense. We describe herein the molecular events following poliovirus infection that lead to PML-dependent p53 activation and protection against virus infection. Poliovirus infection induces PML phosphorylation through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, increases PML SUMOylation, and induces its transfer from the nucleoplasm to the nuclear matrix. These events result in the recruitment of p53 to PML NBs, p53 phosphorylation on Ser15, and activation of p53 target genes leading to the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, the knock-down of p53 by small interfering RNA results in higher poliovirus replication, suggesting that p53 participates in antiviral defense. This effect, which requires the presence of PML, is transient since poliovirus targets p53 by inducing its degradation in a proteasome- and MDM2-dependent manner. Our results provide evidence of how poliovirus counteracts p53 antiviral activity by regulating PML and NBs, thus leading to p53 degradation.
Net Throughput Maximization of Per-Chunk User Scheduling for MIMO-OFDM Downlink (2011)

Per-chunk user scheduling for multiple-input–multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) downlink is considered. By grouping adjacent subcarriers into chunks, the amount of required channel state information feedback is reduced. Based on the net throughput criterion, which accounts for the reduction in sum rate due to the feedback overhead, it is shown that there exists an optimal chunk size that maximizes the net throughput. To reduce the feedback requirement even further, an opportunistic feedback scheme is proposed, and a close approximation for its net throughput is derived. The net throughput of per-chunk user scheduling with optimized chunk size is compared to various other limited-feedback MIMO-OFDM downlink strategies. The results show that increasing the total number of users in the system results in the net throughput of most existing MIMO-OFDM downlink schemes decreasing to zero for moderate-size user pools, whereas the net throughput of per-chunk user scheduling with opportunistic feedback increases with the total number of users, even when that number is very large ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$&gt;$</tex></formula> 1000).
Classpects (2005)

The contribution of this work is the design, implementation, and early evaluation of a programming language that unifies classes and aspects. We call our new module construct the classpect. We make three basic claims. First, we can realize a unified design without significantly compromising the expressiveness of current aspect languages. Second, such a design improves the conceptual integrity of the programming model. Third, it significantly improves the compositionality of aspect modules, expanding the program design space from the two-layered model of AspectJ-like languages to include hierarchical structures. To support these claims, we present the design and implementation of Eos-U, an AspectJ-like language based on C# that supports classpects as the basic unit of modularity. We show that Eos-U supports layered designs in which classpects separate integration concerns flexibly at multiple levels of composition. The underpinnings of our design include support for aspect instantiation under program control, instance-level advising, advising as a general alternative to object-oriented method invocation and overriding, and the provision of a separate join-point-method binding construct.
Plato (1989)

My task is to relate Plato’s ethical thought to its historical context. For the authors of later chapters in this book, ‘historical’ will include both the history of philosophy and other aspects or fields of history; but since, in the words of Cicero, Socrates ‘was the first [to bring philosophy away from the study of nature] and to lead it to the study of ordinary life, in order to investigate the virtues and vices and good and evil’, and I do not here propose to distinguish between Socratic and Platonic ethics, there is no history of philosophical ethics prior to Socrates and Plato to discuss.1 In consequence, I shall begin with a sketch of the salient points of the 70 years of Greek military and political history immediately prior to Plato’s birth. These events, occurring in a context of traditional Greek values, posed some of the problems in ethics and politics which Plato addresses in his moral and political thought. Next, I shall briefly describe some important events in Athenian military and political history which occurred during Plato’s formative years, ending with the death of Socrates, the Athenian who more than any other influenced Plato’s thought. It will become apparent that Plato came to the conclusion that a change in Greek values was urgently necessary. I shall discuss the identity and nature of those who were responsible for the propagation of existing Greek values, and the character and history of those values. Having thus established the nature of the problem with which Plato was faced, I shall discuss the methods which he employed to solve it.
Antiproliferative effects of two hydrosoluble derivatives of oxysterols on cultured lymphoma cells. (1990)

The antitumor effects of two new hydrosoluble derivatives of oxygenated sterols: JB69 and JC40 have been evaluated in vitro on a panel of lymphoma and leukemia cells from human and murine origins. These compounds result from the combination of a nucleotide with 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol (JB69) or 7 beta,25-dihydroxycholesterol (JC40). Both derivatives exhibit a significant cytotoxic activity against the different tumor cell lines tested, with some degree of difference between them. On the whole, the concentrations needed to inhibit the cell growth were found to be higher than those required for their parent compounds. However, two interesting features appeared in our experiments. (1) In a serum-free culture medium, cell lysis occurred within the first hours of incubation and seemed to result from the detergent-like properties possessed by this type of compounds. (2) In a culture medium supplemented with serum, we noted, that at high concentrations of JB69 (40 microM or 20 microM) and only with this oxysterol derivative, an important increase of incorporation of tritiated thymidine and uridine into DNA and RNA by viable cells. The origin of this effect is as yet unknown, but it strongly suggests a possible action on nucleic acids synthesis and metabolism. Taken together, these results emphasize the diversity and the complexity of the mechanisms involved in the cytotoxicity of these derivatives of oxysterols.