gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE AND THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PAVING GRADE ASPHALT CEMENTS (WITH DISCUSSION AND CLOSURE) (1997)

Since the late sixties, different models have been proposed in the literature to describe asphalt cement (AC) rheology. Most of these models, based on the plot of rheological master-curves and the determination of shift factors, imply that the Time-Temperature Superposition Principle (TTSP) holds for AC. However, few authors questioned the applicability of TTSP to AC. In this paper AC structure is described using the colloidal picture. At high temperature, the peptization equilibrium of the solid asphaltene particles is believed to evolve with temperature, causing the TTSP not to apply. On the other hand, at low temperature, vitrification of the liquid maltene phase prevents the structure from changing, causing the TTSP to apply. As consequence of the colloidal nature of ACs, their viscoelastic properties can be separated according to two relaxation phenomena: an a relaxation, due to the asphaltene particles' Brownian motion, which leads to transition from Newtonian to viscoelastic behavior; and b relaxation, due to the vitrification of the maltene phase, which induces transition from viscoelastic flow to solid glassy behavior. These ideas are shown to apply to several paving grade ACs from two different crude sources. In the end, eight structure-related parameters are needed to describe the viscoelastic properties of AC.
Photoactivatable HNO-releasing compounds using the retro-Diels–Alder reaction (2008)

We synthesized hetero-Diels-Alder cycloadducts from acyl nitroso derivatives and 9,10-dimethylanthracene, to be photo-inducible HNO-releasing agents and found that introduction of conjugated nitroaromatic groups effectively enhanced the responsiveness of HNO release to UV-A irradiation; we confirmed photoinduced HNO formation by EPR and GCMS analysis.
Vicarious Learning: Effects of Overhearing Dialog and Monologue-like Discourse in a Virtual Tutoring Session (2003)

In two experiments, students overheard two computer-controlled virtual agents discussing four computer literacy topics in dialog discourse and four in monologue discourse. In Experiment 1, the virtual tutee asked a series of deep questions in the dialog condition, but only one per topic in the monologue condition in both studies. In the dialog conditions of Experiment 2, the virtual tutee asked either deep questions, shallow questions, or made comments. In a fourth “dialog” condition, the comments were spoken by the virtual tutor. The discourse spoken by the virtual tutor was identical in the dialog and monologue conditions, except in the fourth dialog condition. In both studies, learners wrote significantly more content and significantly more relevant content in the deep question condition than in the monologue condition. No other differences were significant. Results were discussed in terms of advanced organizers, schema theory, and discourse comprehension theory.
Replacement of the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol for future automotive bus system solutions by substitution via optical networks (2016)

An automotive network needs to accumulate as much data as possible during motion to function in real-time, so that the system can respond to external influences accordingly. All kinds of situations regarding the state of the vehicle and its surroundings must be taken into account. To realize such a scenario many sensors, cameras and further input/output devices are essential to gather the required data accordingly. This means that the vehicle has to communicate with its environment such as buildings, road signs, traffic lights, other cars and so forth. The data has to be transferred to a central control unit, which processes all the incoming data to perform the next operation based on this data. Such deliberations lead to the backbone of such a system - the bus system, which connects all components within such a system. Currently, most of those parts are connected via a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus system or advancements of this system, which are mostly realized with copper cabling. The goal of this paper is to show the flaws of the CAN bus system for modern vehicle applications and to present a concept for a solution based on optical communications. With a single fibre optic cable it is possible to replace several cable harnesses and thus achieve remarkable weight and space savings. Due to the advantages of optical communications, a system with an appropriate network protocol will satisfy the intended requirements for higher bandwidths as well as secure data transmission and resistance to electromagnetic interferences, which pose a serious threat in modern automotive bus systems.
The equilibrium constant for the interaction between a monoclonal Fab fragment and an influenza virus neuraminidase. (1983)

The affinity or equilibrium constant between an Fab fragment derived from monoclonal IgG directed against influenza virus neuraminidase was measured as 4.1 X 10(7) M-1. The method, which makes use of an air-driven ultracentrifuge, is simple and uses extremely small amounts (10(-11) mol) of material. Furthermore, interpretation of the data is based on sound theoretical considerations. The technique also allows m.w. of the interacting species to be measured and the stoichiometry of the reaction to be determined.
Status of LHC low-/spl beta/ quadrupole magnets, MQXA, AT KEK (2003)

KEK has developed a superconducting quadrupole magnet, MQXA, for the LHC interaction region. This magnet is required to generate an operating field gradient of 215 T/m in the magnet bore of 70 mm and have an effective magnetic length of 6.37 m. For the accelerator operation, sixteen MQXA magnets will be installed in total for four interaction regions, and the cold tests of ten MQXA magnets of them have been completed. These ten magnets had good quench performance and satisfactory field quality for the requirement of beam optics. This paper describes the production quality and the magnet performance of the MQXA magnets.
Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins (2001)

In an ever-increasing domain of activity Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins provides an annual compilation of the world's research effort into this important area of biological chemistry. Volume 32 provides a review of literature published during 1999. Comprising a comprehensive review of significant developments at this biology/chemistry interface each volume opens with an overview of amino acids and their applications. Work on peptides is reviewed over several chapters ranging from current trends in their synthesis and conformational and structural analysis to peptidomimetics and the discovery of peptide-related molecules in nature. The application of advanced techniques in structural elucidation is incorporated into all chapters whilst periodic chapters on metal complexes of amino acids peptides and beta-lactams extend the scope of coverage. Efficient searching of specialist topics is facilitated by the sub-division of chapters into discrete subject areas allowing annual trends to be monitored. All researchers in the pharmaceutical and allied industries and at the biology/chemistry interface in academia will find this an indispensable reference source.
Routine use of HbA1c amongst inpatients hospitalised with decompensated heart failure and the association of dysglycaemia with outcomes (2018)

Diabetes is an independent risk factor for development of heart failure and has been associated with poor outcomes in these patients. The prevalence of diabetes continues to rise. Using routine HbA1c measurements on inpatients at a tertiary hospital, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of diabetes amongst patients hospitalised with decompensated heart failure and the association of dysglycaemia with hospital outcomes and mortality. 1191 heart failure admissions were identified and of these, 49% had diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) and 34% had pre-diabetes (HbA1c 5.7-6.4%). Using a multivariable analysis adjusting for age, Charlson comorbidity score (excluding diabetes and age) and estimated glomerular filtration rate, diabetes was not associated with length of stay (LOS), Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission or 28-day readmission. However, diabetes was associated with a lower risk of 6-month mortality. This finding was also supported using HbA1c as a continuous variable. The diabetes group were more likely to have diastolic dysfunction and to be on evidence-based cardiac medications. These observational data are hypothesis generating and possible explanations include that more diabetic patients were on medications that have proven mortality benefit or prevent cardiac remodelling, such as renin-angiotensin system antagonists, which may modulate the severity of heart failure and its consequences.
Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rpMS) in Combination with Muscle Stretch Decreased the Wrist and Finger Flexor Muscle Spasticity in Chronic Patients after CNS Lesion (2016)

Objective: The study assessed the effect of a single session of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rpMS) combined with manual stretch on wrist and finger flexor muscle spasticity.
Methods: Forty chronic patients after CNS lesion with a severe wrist and finger flexor spasticity with a Modified Ashworth Score (MAS, 0-5) of either 2, 3 or 4 participated and formed two groups. A single session of rpMS (A) or sham (B) (5 Hz, Intensity 60% or 0%, 3s trains, 750 stimuli delivered within five minutes) was applied in an A-B (group I) or B-A (group II) design. A 30 min baseline (90 min follow-up) proceeded (followed) A or B. During the intervention, the wrist and metatarsophalangeal (MCP) joints were stretched manually. Primary variable was the wrist and finger flexor spasticity, assessed with the help of the Modified Ashworth Score (MAS, 0-5), by a rater blinded to treatment allocation. A- and B-data were pooled irrespective of group assignment.
Results: At study onset, both groups were homogeneous. Following rpMS but not sham, the wrist and finger MAS significantly decreased over time. Accordingly, the MAS of the rpMS group was significantly less at t+5 min (wrist p=0.002, MCP joints p<0.001) and at t+90 min (MCP joints p=0.002). No side effects occurred.
Conclusion: A single session of rpMS but not sham in combination with manual stretch significantly reduced the wrist and finger flexor muscle spasticity in chronically CNS-lesioned patients. Long-term studies including an rpMS group only should follow.
Intel MMX for multimedia PCs (1997)

article Free AccessIntel MMX for multimedia PCs Authors: Alex Peleg Intel IntelView Profile , Sam Wilkie Intel IntelView Profile , Uri Weiser Intel IntelView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 40Issue 101 January 1997pp 24–38https://doi.org/10.1145/242857.242865Published:01 January 1997Publication History 125citation1,442DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations125Total Downloads1,442Last 12 Months161Last 6 weeks15 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Interference reduction in ECG signal acquisition: Ground electrode removal (case study) (2013)

An ECG signal is susceptible to a significant interference due to the surrounding sources of noise. The identification of these sources is necessary to acquire an ECG signal since its level is low (few millivolts) and is also immersed in a noisy environment. We propose the elimination of the ground electrode to reduce common-mode interference. We provide a qualitative model for these sources of interference and prove the effectiveness of ground electrode removal in interference reduction through an experimental design.
Arsinothricin: a novel arsenic-containing antibiotic (2019)

The emergence and spread of bacterial resistance highlights the urgent need for new antibiotics. Organoarsenicals have been used as antimicrobials since Paul Ehrlich’s salvarsan. Recently a soil bacterium was shown to produce the organoarsenical arsinothricin (AST), a mimetic of the herbicidal antibiotic phosphinothricin (PT). We demonstrate that AST is an effective broad-spectrum antibiotic, showing that bacteria have acquired the ability to utilize environmental arsenic to produce a potent antimicrobial. With every new antibiotic, resistance inevitably arises. The arsN gene, widely distributed in ars operons, confers PT resistance. The functional linkage of arsN to arsenic detoxification was unclear. Here we show that arsN selectively confers resistance to AST. Crystal structures of the ArsN N-acetyltransferase shed light on the mechanism of selectivity. These results may lead to development of a new class of antimicrobials and ArsN inhibitors.
Vacuum-isolation vessel and method for measurement of thermal noise in microphones (1993)

The vacuum isolation vessel and method in accordance with the present invention are used to accurately measure thermal noise in microphones. The apparatus and method could be used in a microphone calibration facility or any facility used for testing microphones. Thermal noise is measured to determine the minimum detectable sound pressure by the microphone. Conventional isolation apparatus and methods have been unable to provide an acoustically quiet and substantially vibration free environment for accurately measuring thermal noise. In the present invention, an isolation vessel assembly comprises a vacuum sealed outer vessel, a vacuum sealed inner vessel, and an interior suspension assembly coupled between the outer and inner vessels for suspending the inner vessel within the outer vessel. A noise measurement system records thermal noise data from the isolation vessel assembly. A vacuum system creates a vacuum between an internal surface of the outer vessel and an external surface of the inner vessel. The present invention thus provides an acoustically quiet environment due to the vacuum created between the inner and outer vessels and a substantially vibration free environment due to the suspension assembly suspending the inner vessel within the outer vessel. The thermal noise in the microphone, effectively isolated according to the invention, can be accurately measured.
The First Regioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Indolization of 2‐Bromo‐ or 2‐Chloroanilines with Internal Alkynes: A New Approach to 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermal stability of trimethylsilylated mesoporous silica thin films as the ultralow-k dielectric for copper interconnects (2005)

Surfactant templated mesoporous silica thin films were prepared as the intermetal dielectric for ultralarge scaled integrated circuit application, and the thermal and chemical stability of the Cu∕nitridedTa∕mesoporous silica film stack on the Si wafer was studied. Trimethylsilylation of the mesoporous silica thin film by hexamethyldisilazane vapor treatment significantly improves hydrophobicity of the mesoporous dielectric, and a dielectric constant (k) smaller than 2 can be obtained for the thin film. According to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy, decomposition of trimethylsilyl groups on the pore surface becomes significant at temperatures larger than 400 °C. However, when the metallized film stack was annealed at temperatures higher than 400 °C, the film stack shows little delamination between layers and still retains smooth interfaces according to Auger electron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Ta2C nanoparticles were found to exist at the Ta(N)∕mesoporous silica interface of the film stack annealed at 600 °C. Bias-temperature stress test of the metallized film stack shows little Cu diffusion into the mesoporous dielectric layer.
Aspergillus brasiliensis sp. nov., a biseriate black Aspergillus species with world-wide distribution (2007)

A novel species, Aspergillus brasiliensis sp. nov., is described within Aspergillus section Nigri. This species can be distinguished from other black aspergilli based on intergenic transcribed region, beta-tubulin and calmodulin gene sequences, by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and by extrolite profiles. A. brasiliensis isolates produced naphtho-gamma-pyrones, tensidol A and B and pyrophen in common with Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis, but also several unique compounds, justifying their treatment as representing a separate species. None of the isolates were found to produce ochratoxin A, kotanins, funalenone or pyranonigrins. The novel species was most closely related to A. niger, and was isolated from soil from Brazil, Australia, USA and The Netherlands, and from grape berries from Portugal. The type strain of Aspergillus brasiliensis sp. nov. is CBS 101740(T) (=IMI 381727(T)=IBT 21946(T)).
Educational Activity Finder for Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder through a Semantic Search System (2012)

Children with pervasive developmental disorders have special needs so they should be supported with special education programs. These programs are planned according to the type and degree of the disorder, age, characteristics, and needs of the children. Families prefer Internet to search resources about related educational methods (and associated activity/game) and materials. However, syntactic search in today's Internet is insufficient because of its static base and the search results are not sufficient enough to offer desired relevant results corresponding to a child's needs. With the help of Semantic Web-based agents an intelligent system able to identify the suitable educational methods and material, will contribute to the development of children with disorders, and support education specialists in this process. In addition it will be extremely useful for the families of these children in need of assisting and monitoring their child's development. In this article, an Educational Activity Finder (EAF) is being proposed. The architecture of EAF is structured after semantic Web technology so that it can find and propose semantically relevant suitable educational methods (i.e., activities to carry out) and material for use by children with disorders. The knowledge base of EAF keeps educational methods using the OWL language. All related concepts, attributes, and relations between these concepts and features about pervasive developmental disorders are defined through ontology. EAF is structured to recognize a pervasive developmental disorder, sort out symptoms and anomalies, suggest activities, compile performance scores, and decide on new activity based on user preferences by utilizing the semantic descriptions of available methods and activities. Strength of EAF is demonstrated through sample scenarios. EAF may be used by parents, pre-school educators, primary schools, special educational institutions and experts working for these institutions, university students studying in related fields, and individuals interested in pervasive developmental disorders.
Amorphous Carbon-Coated Silicon Nanocomposites:  A Low-Temperature Synthesis via Spray Pyrolysis and Their Application as High-Capacity Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2007)

This article introduces an effective, inexpensive, and industrially oriented approach to produce carbon-coated Si nanocomposites as high-capacity anode materials for use in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Initially, nanosized Si particles (&amp;lt;100 nm) were mixed in a citric acid/ethanol solution via ultrasonication. This mixture was further spray-pyrolyzed in air at low processing temperature (300-500 °C), resulting in a homogeneous layer of carbon coating on the surface of the spheroidal Si nanoparticles. The effects of the processing temperature on the amorphous carbon content, the thickness of the carbon-coating layer, and the homogeneity of the carbon coating were studied in detail. These parameters strongly influenced the electrochemical performance of the carbon-coated Si nanocomposites, as will be discussed below. Carbon-coated Si nanocomposites spray-pyrolyzed in air at 400 °C show the best cycling performance, retaining a specific capacity of 1120 mA·h g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; beyond 100 cycles, with a capacity fading of less than 0.4% per cycle. The beneficial effect of the carbon coating in enhancing the dimensional stability of the Si nanoparticles appears to be the main reason for this markedly improved electrochemical performance.
Soil gas CO2 emissions from active faults: a case study from the Anninghe—Zemuhe fault, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, China (2023)

Introduction: Carbon dioxide emissions from non-volcanic areas are undervalued in the carbon cycle. Methods: First estimates of diffuse CO 2 flux from the Anninghe—Zemuhe fault (AZF), Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, China, which suggests this could equal 15% emissions from all volcanoes in China. Following the accumulation chamber method, CO 2 flux was investigated at 1,483 points, and along 67 profiles crossing the AZF. Results and discussion: Total CO 2 emissions from the AZF were estimated 1.2 Mt yr -1 . The relationship between soil gas CO 2 fluxes, earthquakes, and fault activity was discussed. The intense fault activity in the southern part of the Zemuhe fault (ZMHF) and the northern part of the Anninghe fault (ANH) was inferred, which could have enhanced the porosity of the soil, and accelerated the water-rock interactions and soil gas emission within the fault zone. The chemical and isotopic data indicated that biogenic CO 2 was the primary source of CO 2 from the AZF. Produced by interactions between groundwaters and carbonates, soil gas CO 2 could migrate to the near surface through cracks. Spatial variations of CO 2 flux in soil gas indicate that seismic activity could be responsible for the jumpy variations of CO 2 flux. The diffuse CO 2 from deep faults may contribute considerably to the greenhouse gas cycles.
Carbon–nitrogen–metal material as a high performing oxygen evolution catalyst (2022)

Oxygen evolution reaction catalysts composed of Ni–N 3 molecular motifs grafted onto carbon black.
Importance of Metabolic Function of the Natural Lung Evaluated by Prolonged Exclusion of the Pulmonary Circulation (1996)

It is generally considered that the natural lung metabolizes various vasoactive substances through the pulmonary circulation. However, the influences of bypassing or eliminating the pulmonary circulation have not been fully elucidated, especially for prolonged periods. In this study, we performed total cardiopulmonary bypass and exclusion of the pulmonary circulation for up to 336 hr in awake goats to clarify the importance of the metabolic function of the lung. In seven adult goats, biventricular bypass with a pulsatile ventricular assist system was first established. After 2 weeks, the biventricular bypass was converted to total cardiopulmonary bypass without anesthesia. Adequate gas exchange and perfusion support were achieved in all animals. However, the institution of total cardiopulmonary bypass led to marked decreases in the mean aortic pressure and systemic vascular resistance, and they remained low thereafter. The arterial levels of prostaglandin E2 and norepinephrine, which are inactivated naturally through the pulmonary circulation, increased remarkably. These results indicate that the natural lung plays an important role in controlling systemic circulation by metabolizing various vasoactive substances. Understanding the non respiratory function of the natural lung is of prime importance for advancement of lung and heart-lung support.