gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of a Fuc alpha 1–>2Gal beta 1–> and GalNAc beta 1–>-specific lectin in root tubers of Trichosanthes japonica. (1992)

A prominent lectin in the root tubers of Trichosanthes japonica was purified by affinity chromatography on a porcine stomach mucin-Sepharose column and termed TJA-II. The molecular mass of the native lectin was determined to be 64 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and TJA-II was separated into two different subunits of 33 and 29 kDa in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The respective subunits contained mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, fucose, and xylose. It was determined by equilibrium dialysis to have two equal binding sites per molecule, the association constant toward tritium-labeled Fuc alpha 1-->2Gal beta 1-->3GlcNAc beta 1-->3Gal beta 1-->4GlcOT being K alpha = 3.05 x 10(5) M-1. The precise carbohydrate binding specificity of immobilized TJA-II was studied using various tritium-labeled oligosaccharides. A series of oligosaccharides possessing Fuc alpha 1-->2Gal beta 1--> or GalNAc beta 1--> groups at their nonreducing terminals showed stronger binding ability than ones with Gal beta 1-->GlcNAc (Glc) groups, indicating that TJA-II fundamentally recognizes a beta-galactosyl residue and the binding strength increases on substitution of the hydroxyl group at the C-2 position with a fucosyl or acetylamino group. This lectin column is useful for fractionating oligosaccharides or glycoproteins containing blood group type 1H, type 2H, and Sd antigenic determinants.
Development and use of Georgia loaded wheel tester (1995)

The effects of modifications of magnetic fields, simulating anomalies of natural magnetism of the Earth, were studied in the seeds of peas and winter wheat. It has been shown that strengthening or weakening of the geomagnetic field inhibits water absorption and initial growth processes. The influence of magnetic fields on the orientation of rootlets and development of plantlets is determined. The connection between the magnetic susceptibility of seeds and content of heavy metals in them is established, which obviously concerns the magnetic susceptibility and magnetotropism in plants.
Characterization of "unhealed gastric ulcers" produced with chronic exposure of acetic acid ulcers to indomethacin in rats. (2003)

We previously discovered that a 4-wk course of indomethacin delivered to rats with acetic acid ulcers resulted in production of "unhealed gastric ulcers" that persisted for up to 12 wks after treatment cessation. The present study examined the mechanism underlying such "unhealed gastric ulcers" with biochemical and histological procedures. "Unhealed gastric ulcers" were induced with a 4-wk indomethacin treatment (1 mg/kg, twice daily) in rats with acetic acid ulcers. Two and 4 wks after treatment cessation, ulcer size was significantly larger in rats receiving indomethacin compared with control animals. Ulcerated tissue prostaglandin E2 levels were significantly lower during indomethacin treatment, but the levels tended to increase after treatment cessation compared with levels measure in the group receiving vehicle. Myeloperoxidase activity levels were significantly higher during indomethacin treatment; such levels persisted after treatment cessation. Histologically, greater degrees of fibrosis and neutrophil accumulation, as well as a lesser degree of angiogenesis were observed in the "unhealed gastric ulcers" compared to ulcers that healed in a normal fashion. It was concluded that severe fibrosis, persistent neutrophil infiltration, and poor angiogenesis in the ulcer base might represent factors involved in the mechanism underlying production of "unhealed gastric ulcers".
An Imprecise SHAP as a Tool for Explaining the Class Probability Distributions under Limited Training Data (2021)

One of the most popular methods of the machine learning prediction explanation is the SHapley Additive exPlanations method (SHAP). An imprecise SHAP as a modification of the original SHAP is proposed for cases when the class probability distributions are imprecise and represented by sets of distributions. The first idea behind the imprecise SHAP is a new approach for computing the marginal contribution of a feature, which fulfils the important efficiency property of Shapley values. The second idea is an attempt to consider a general approach to calculating and reducing interval-valued Shapley values, which is similar to the idea of reachable probability intervals in the imprecise probability theory. A simple special implementation of the general approach in the form of linear optimization problems is proposed, which is based on using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance and imprecise contamination models. Numerical examples with synthetic and real data illustrate the imprecise SHAP.
SmokeScreen (2007)

Presence-sharing is an emerging platform for mobile applications, but presence-privacy remains a challenge. Privacy controls must be flexible enough to allow sharing between both trusted social relations and untrusted strangers. In this paper, we present a system called SmokeScreen that provides flexible and power-efficient mechanisms for privacy management.Broadcasting clique signals, which can only be interpreted by other trusted users, enables sharing between social relations; broadcasting opaque identifiers (OIDs), which can only be resolved to an identity by a trusted broker, enables sharing between strangers. Computing these messages is power-efficient since they can be pre-computed with acceptable storage costs.In evaluating these mechanisms we first analyzed traces from an actual presence-sharing application. Four months of traces provide evidence of anonymous snooping, even among trusted users. We have also implemented our mechanisms on two devices and found the power demands of clique signals and OIDs to be reasonable. A mobile phone running our software can operate for several days on a single charge.
Clinical outcome of children and adults with localized Ewing sarcoma (2010)

Adults with localized EWS have an inferior outcome compared with pediatric patients. This difference may be related to lower doses of alkylating agents and the timing of local therapy.
Growth Kinetics of Thin-Film Cadmium Sulfide by Ammonia-Thiourea Based CBD (2004)

In this work, chemical bath deposition (CBD) of CdS was monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance as a function of time, temperature, reactant concentration (ex situ atomic absorption measurement), and pH level. It is found that the reaction could be limited by mass transport at certain concentrations and temperatures. The measurements also indicate the total Cd concentration in the solution changes dramatically in the linear growth regime with a constant deposition rate. One possible explanation is that the linear growth regime is actually a combination of molecule-by-molecule growth and cluster-by-cluster growth mode. This hypothesis is further supported by real time dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy measurements. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
REVIEWS (1977)

Village Life in South India. By Alan R. Beals, Aldine, Chicago, 1974. Pp. 189, plates. Price: (cloth) $US7.50, (paper) $US2.95.
Object-oriented on-line network analysis (1995)

Object-oriented programming has gained widespread acceptance, as its advantages of flexibility and ease of maintenance have been recognized. In power systems analysis, its use in developing graphical user interfaces and database managers have become quite popular. Object-oriented numerical applications, However, pose an interesting problem because solution algorithms often require the manipulation of abstract mathematical objects that may not have physical interpretations (e.g., elements of a factorized matrix), and moreover, may be specific to the numerical algorithm used. This paper presents a method for online network analysis using only physically based objects, the same ones that are routinely used in database and user interface applications. It is shown that power network analysis, specifically topology processing and power flow, is feasible using message passing between physical objects but some compromise in computation speed is needed to achieve it.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Maintaining dosimetric quality when switching to a Monte Carlo dose engine for head and neck volumetric‐modulated arc therapy planning (2022)

Head and neck cancers present challenges in radiation treatment planning due to the large number of critical structures near the target(s) and highly heterogeneous tissue composition. While Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculations currently offer the most accurate approximation of dose deposition in tissue, the switch to MC presents challenges in preserving the parameters of care. The differences in dose-to-tissue were widely discussed in the literature, but mostly in the context of recalculating the existing plans rather than reoptimizing with the MC dose engine. Also, the target dose homogeneity received less attention. We adhere to strict dose homogeneity objectives in clinical practice. In this study, we started with 21 clinical volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans previously developed in Pinnacle treatment planning system. Those plans were recalculated "as is" with RayStation (RS) MC algorithm and then reoptimized in RS with both collapsed cone (CC) and MC algorithms. MC statistical uncertainty (0.3%) was selected carefully to balance the dose computation time (1-2 min) with the planning target volume (PTV) dose-volume histogram (DVH) shape approaching that of a "noise-free" calculation. When the hot spot in head and neck MC-based treatment planning is defined as dose to 0.03 cc, it is exceedingly difficult to limit it to 105% of the prescription dose, as we were used to with the CC algorithm. The average hot spot after optimization and calculation with RS MC was statistically significantly higher compared to Pinnacle and RS CC algorithms by 1.2 and 1.0 %, respectively. The 95% confidence interval (CI) observed in this study suggests that in most cases a hot spot of ≤107% is achievable. Compared to the 95% CI for the previous clinical plans recalculated with RS MC "as is" (upper limit 108%), in real terms this result is at least as good or better than the historic plans.
Precision Atomic Spectroscopy for Improved Limits on Variation of the Fine Structure Constant and Local Position Invariance (2007)

We report tests of local position invariance and the variation of fundamental constants from measurements of the frequency ratio of the 282-nm 199Hg+ optical clock transition to the ground state hyperfine splitting in 133Cs. Analysis of the frequency ratio of the two clocks, extending over 6 yr at NIST, is used to place a limit on its fractional variation of <5.8x10(-6) per change in normalized solar gravitational potential. The same frequency ratio is also used to obtain 20-fold improvement over previous limits on the fractional variation of the fine structure constant of |alpha/alpha|<1.3x10(-16) yr-1, assuming invariance of other fundamental constants. Comparisons of our results with those previously reported for the absolute optical frequency measurements in H and 171Yb+ vs other 133Cs standards yield a coupled constraint of -1.5x10(-15)<alpha/alpha<0.4x10(-15) yr-1 and -2.7x10(-15)<d/dtlnmicroCs/microB<8.6x10(-15) yr-1.
The Japanese Guidelines for Breast Cancer Screening (2016)

Mammographic screening without clinical breast examination for women aged 40-74 years and with clinical breast examination for women aged 40-64 years is recommended for population-based and opportunistic screenings. Clinical breast examination and ultrasonography are not recommended for population-based screening because of insufficient evidence regarding their effectiveness.
A 3D EIT System for Breast Cancer Imaging (2006)

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a developing and promising imaging modality for early detection of breast cancer. An EIT system utilizes an array of electrodes to apply currents to an imaging domain and measures the resulting voltages on the periphery. The measurement results are then input to a reconstruction algorithm to produce an image of the impedance distribution inside the domain. In this work, a full 3D EIT system has been developed and the system design, measurement strategy and reconstruction algorithm are presented. Several sets of experimental data are collected and phantom tumor images are reconstructed from these data sets
Identification of lysine 15 at the active site in Escherichia coli glycogen synthase. Conservation of Lys-X-Gly-Gly sequence in the bacterial and mammalian enzymes. (1990)

Glycogen synthases from Escherichia coli and mammalian muscle differ in many respects including regulation, sugar nucleotide specificity, and primary sequence. To compare the structure of the active sites in these enzymes, the affinity-labeling study of the E. coli enzyme was carried out using adenosine diphosphopyridoxal as the reagent. The E. coli enzyme was inactivated in a time- and dose-dependent manner when incubated with the reagent followed by sodium borohydride reduction. The inactivation was markedly protected by ADP-glucose and ADP, suggesting that the reagent was bound to the substrate-binding site. The stoichiometry of the bound reagent to the enzyme was approximately 1:1. Sequence analysis of the labeled peptide isolated from a proteolytic digest of the modified protein revealed that Lys15 is labeled. Based on the geometry of the reagent, the epsilon-amino group of this residue might be located close to the pyrophosphate moiety of ADP-glucose bound to the E. coli enzyme, like that of Lys38 in the rabbit muscle enzyme, which is labeled by uridine diphosphopyridoxal (Tagaya, M., Nakano, K., and Fukui, T. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 6670-6676; Mahrenholz, A. M., Wang, Y., and Roach, P. J. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 10561-10567). The importance of the conserved sequence of Lys-X-Gly-Gly is discussed in connection with the glycine-rich region found in many nucleotide-binding proteins.
Picture: A probabilistic programming language for scene perception (2015)

Recent progress on probabilistic modeling and statistical learning, coupled with the availability of large training datasets, has led to remarkable progress in computer vision. Generative probabilistic models, or “analysis-by-synthesis” approaches, can capture rich scene structure but have been less widely applied than their discriminative counterparts, as they often require considerable problem-specific engineering in modeling and inference, and inference is typically seen as requiring slow, hypothesize-and-test Monte Carlo methods. Here we present Picture, a probabilistic programming language for scene understanding that allows researchers to express complex generative vision models, while automatically solving them using fast general-purpose inference machinery. Picture provides a stochastic scene language that can express generative models for arbitrary 2D/3D scenes, as well as a hierarchy of representation layers for comparing scene hypotheses with observed images by matching not simply pixels, but also more abstract features (e.g., contours, deep neural network activations). Inference can flexibly integrate advanced Monte Carlo strategies with fast bottom-up data-driven methods. Thus both representations and inference strategies can build directly on progress in discriminatively trained systems to make generative vision more robust and efficient. We use Picture to write programs for 3D face analysis, 3D human pose estimation, and 3D object reconstruction - each competitive with specially engineered baselines.
Work-Related Injuries: Injury Characteristics, Survival, and Age Effect (2011)

Work-related injuries impose a significant burden on society. The goal of this study was to delineate the epidemiology and the effect of age on type and mortality after occupational injuries. Patients 16 years of age or older sustaining work-related injuries were identified from the National Trauma Databank 12.0. The study population was stratified into four age groups: 16 to 35, 36 to 55, 56 to 65, and older than 65 years old. The demographic characteristics, type of injury, mechanism of injury, setting of injury, use of alcohol or other illicit drugs, and mortality were analyzed and related to age strata. Overall 67,658 patients were identified. There were 27,125 (40.1%) patients in the age group 16 to 35 years, 30,090 (44.5%) in the group 36 to 55 years, 6,618 (9.8%) in the group 56 to 65 years, and 3,825 (5.7%) older than 65 years. The injury severity increased significantly with age. Elderly patients were significantly more likely to sustain intracranial hemorrhages, spinal, and other skeletal injuries. The overall mortality was 2.9 per cent (1938) with the latter increasing significantly in a stepwise fashion with progressing age, becoming sixfold higher in patients older than 65 years (OR, 6.18; 95% CI, 4.78 to 7.80; P < 0.001). Our examination illustrates the associations between occupational injury and significant mortality that warrant intervention for mortality reduction. There is a stepwise-adjusted increase in mortality with progressing age.
Immediate Restoration of Basal Sensorineural Hearing (Mb Meniere) Using a Pressure Chamber (1975)

A new technique for the restoration of basal sensorineural hearing loss in Mb Meniere was described. Three cases with unilateral basal sensorineural hearing loss, fullness of the ear, and tinnitus were reported. In the acute stage of their disease the patients were treated in a pressure chamber where it was possible to increase or decrease the air pressure within the range +/- 110 cm H2O. The equilibration of middle ear pressures to surrounding air pressures was checked. Exposure to underpressure resulted in a rise of the hearing thresholds at low frequencies and relief of subjective symptoms. When the air pressure was increased the hearing thresholds were lowered and the sensation of tinnitus and fullness of the ear was accentuated. Changes in air pressure did not affect the healthy ears or the high frequencies in the diseased ear. Hearing improvement attained at exposure to underpressure seemed to remain at atmospheric pressure level. The investigation was performed on the hypothesis that a distended membranous labyrinth might cause a venous congestion of the vestibular aqueduct, resulting in impaired endolymph absorption in the endolymphatic sac. Possible effects of changes in environmental air pressure on the inner ear were discussed.
Shape memory materials and their applications (2011)

A shape memory material (SMM) is a subject that interests both the academic world and the industry. It is a promising subject, a technological challenge and moreover it appeals to the imagination. These materials have the ability to regain their permanent shape after a deformation that seemed irreversible.
Fluorescent reagents for in vitro studies of lipid-linked steps of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis: derivatives of UDPMurNAc-pentapeptide containing d -cysteine at position 4 or 5 (2006)

UDPMurNAc-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-X-D-Ala-DAla (X = L-Lys or m-DAP) is the cytoplasmic precursor for the lipid-linked cycle of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis, consisting of at least four enzymatic reactions, which are targets for antibacterial agents. Fluorescent derivatives of the UDPMurNAc-pentapeptide labelled at the 3rd, 4th, and 5th position of the peptide chain were prepared chemoenzymatically, in order to study the reactions catalysed by enzymes in this cycle. Derivatives labelled on the epsilon-amino group of the 3rd amino acid (N-dansyl, N-fluorescamine and N-phthalaldehyde) were prepared by chemical modification. Two methods were developed for preparation of analogues of UDPMurNAc-pentapeptide containing D-cysteine at position 4 or 5: either by MurF-catalysed ligation of the UDPMurNAc-tripeptide to synthetic D-Ala-D-Cys or D-Cys-D-Ala dipeptides; or by enzymatic synthesis of D-Ala-D-Cys by ligase VanD. D-Cys-containing UDPMurNAc-pentapeptides were labelled with pyrene maleimide, to give 4-pyrene and 5-pyrene labelled derivatives. The fluorescent UDPMurNAc-pentapeptides were processed as substrates by Escherichia coli MraY or E. coli membranes, giving 1.5-150-fold changes in fluorescence upon transformation to lipid intermediate I. Subsequent processing to lipid intermediate II gave rise only to small changes in fluorescence. Pyrene-labelled lipid intermediates I and II can be generated using Micrococcus flavus membranes, enabling the study of the later lipid-linked steps.
Overview of Current Scalable Methods for Purification of Viral Vectors (2011)

As a result of the growing interest in the use of viruses for gene therapy and vaccines, many virus-based products are being developed. The manufacturing of viruses poses new challenges for process developers and regulating authorities that need to be addressed to ensure quality, efficacy, and safety of the final product. The design of suitable purification strategies will depend on a multitude of variables including the vector production system and the nature of the virus. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the most commonly used purification methods for viral gene therapy vectors. Current chromatography options available for large-scale purification of γ-retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, herpes simplex virus, baculovirus, and poxvirus vectors are presented.
Abstract 126: Antigen Presenting Cell Isolevuglandins: A Potential Diagnostic Tool For Salt Sensitivity Of Blood Pressure In Humans (2022)

Salt sensitivity of blood pressure is an independent cardiovascular risk factor as powerful as hypertension, yet it goes untreated due to the lack of a feasible diagnostic tool. We previously found that sodium enters antigen-presenting cells (APCs) via ENaC, leading to the formation of isolevuglandins (IsoLGs). IsoLGs are highly reactive oxidative products of fatty acids and act as neoantigens to trigger inflammation in hypertension. We found that activation of APCs via IsoLG is highly variable in humans. Thus, we hypothesized that this variability in IsoLG-mediated APC activation contributes to the variability observed in human salt sensitivity of blood pressure and that IsoLGs can be used as a diagnostic tool. We measured systolic blood pressure (SBP) and IsoLG-containing APCs (dendritic cells [DC], classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes) by flow cytometry in 14 hypertensive subjects who were off therapy for 2 weeks, before (B) and after in-patient 24 hr salt loading (HI, 460 mmol Na + ) and salt depletion (LO, 10 mmol Na + and furosemide 40 mg x 3). Salt sensitivity was assessed by ΔSBP (LO minus HI). Median age was 49, with 5 females, median BMI (IQR) of 29.8 (25.2, 39.5) kg/m 2 and screening SBP of 135.1 (130, 144.9) mmHg. The median urinary Na + excretions (IQR) were 169.6 (125, 203.3), 360.9 (324.1, 421.2) and 54.8 (36.8, 76) mmol/24h at baseline, HI and LO days, respectively. Baseline percentages of classical and non-classical monocytes with IsoLGs were positively correlated with ΔSBP (r=0.64, p=0.01 and r=0.71, p&lt;0.01 respectively). Changes in IsoLG-containing DCs and nonclassical monocytes positively correlated with ΔSBP (r=0.60, p=0.03 and r=0.69, p=0.01 respectively). Both the baseline levels and changes in IsoLG containing APCs associated with salt sensitivity. Greater decrease in IsoLG-containing APCs predicted greater decline in blood pressure in response to salt depletion, suggesting that oxidative stress in APCs is implicated in the pathogenesis of salt sensitivity. Our results further suggest that baseline percentage of IsoLG-containing APCs may be the first predictor of salt sensitivity that does not require a protocol of salt loading and depletion. This would enable the diagnosis of salt sensitivity in clinic practice.
Computers, programming and language C (2010)

Knjiga predstvlja udžbenik programiranja jezikom C te obrađuje standardne strukture podataka: stog, red, stablo, graf, tablice. Strukture podataka su realizirane po principu ADT (apstraktni tip podataka).