gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smoking in pregnancy: Relation of birth weight to maternal plasma carotene and cholesterol levels (1990)

Not all mothers who smoke during pregnancy deliver small infants. Nutritional supplementation during pregnancy apparently protects the fetuses of some mothers. Our previous studies showed that plasma levels of carotene and cholesterol were correlated with birth weight. The present study examined the association between mid-pregnancy plasma levels of carotene and cholesterol and subsequent birth weight. In a prospective study of 388 women (47.8% smokers), levels of plasma nutrients and demographic and anthropometric measurements were obtained at 19 and 36 weeks' gestation and related to indices of infant size at birth. In non-smokers, the level of plasma cholesterol at mid-pregnancy correlated positively with birth weight. In contrast, in mothers who smoked more than ten cigarettes daily, the relationship of cholesterol to birth weight was dependent on the simultaneously observed level of plasma carotene. When plasma cholesterol and carotene concentrations were both low at mid-pregnancy, birth weight was low. On the other hand, when the carotene level was high and the cholesterol level low, birth weight was at least equivalent to that of non-smokers. The interactive effect of smoking, cholesterol, and carotene on birth weight was significant (P = .017) after adjusting for gestational age, sex, prenatal care, race, previous low birth weight infants, parity, weight at mid-pregnancy, and total weight gain during pregnancy. Among smokers, the smallest infants were born to mothers having the greatest decrease in plasma carotene between 19-36 weeks' gestation. Smokers whose plasma carotene remained constant or increased had larger infants; a similar association was not observed for cholesterol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry for 13C isotopic analysis in life science research (2007)

Among the different disciplines covered by mass spectrometry, measurement of (13)C/(12)C isotopic ratio crosses a large section of disciplines from a tool revealing the origin of compounds to more recent approaches such as metabolomics and proteomics. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and molecular mass spectrometry (MS) are the two most mature techniques for (13)C isotopic analysis of compounds, respectively, for high and low-isotopic precision. For the sample introduction, the coupling of gas chromatography (GC) to either IRMS or MS is state of the art technique for targeted isotopic analysis of volatile analytes. However, liquid chromatography (LC) also needs to be considered as a tool for the sample introduction into IRMS or MS for (13)C isotopic analyses of non-volatile analytes at natural abundance as well as for (13)C-labeled compounds. This review presents the past and the current processes used to perform (13)C isotopic analysis in combination with LC. It gives particular attention to the combination of LC with IRMS which started in the 1990's with the moving wire transport, then subsequently moved to the chemical reaction interface (CRI) and was made commercially available in 2004 with the wet chemical oxidation interface (LC-IRMS). The LC-IRMS method development is also discussed in this review, including the possible approaches for increasing selectivity and efficiency, for example, using a 100% aqueous mobile phase for the LC separation. In addition, applications for measuring (13)C isotopic enrichments using atmospheric pressure LC-MS instruments with a quadrupole, a time-of-flight, and an ion trap analyzer are also discussed as well as a LC-ICPMS using a prototype instrument with two quadrupoles.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Time Series and Hypo/Hyperglycemia Prevention: Requirements, Methods, Open Problems (2008)

A clinically important task in diabetes management is the prevention of hypo/hyperglycemic events. The availability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices allow to develop new strategies, but new problems have also emerged. In this contribution, we discuss three major challenges which, in practical real time CGM applications, should be dealt with: filtering to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, ahead-of-time prediction of glucose concentration, and generation of hypo/hyper-alerts. For all these challenges, some techniques, with a different degree of sophistication, have been proposed recently in the literature, but several issues remain open.
A novel reporter system to investigate the molecular cause of Friedreich Ataxia (2008)

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), is a neurodegenerative disease accompanied by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. FRDA patients suffer an unrelenting progressive ataxia and most eventually succumb to cardiac failure. Most FRDA patients are homozygous for large GAA•TTC repeat expansions in the intron 1 of the FXN gene. Disease severity directly correlates to the size of the repeat expansion, which represses FXN gene expression by a mechanism that is still unclear. In order to investigate this inhibition by expanded GAA•TTC repeats, we designed a splicing FXN minigene construct carrying two reporters under the control of a bi‐directional tetracycline inducible promoter. We then used the Invitrogen Flp‐In system to integrate our constructs carrying GAA•TTC repeats of varying sizes into a unique chromosomal location in cell lines. Surprisingly, repeats as large as 352 do not cause decreased transcription in our system. However, repeat lengths between 700–1000 showed marked transcription inhibition, suggesting a larger disease threshold than presently believed. We are using this tool to better define the disease threshold and the possible role of co‐transcriptional events in transcription inhibition. These cell lines will also serve as a high throughput assay for testing therapeutic interventions. This work was supported by NIH grant number R01NS046567 and by a grant from the Friedreich's Ataxia Research Alliance (FARA).
Passive Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) Chemical Sensors for Homeland Security Applications (2008)

Abstract This article provides a brief overview of chemical and biological threats, focuses in detail on modern concepts in chemical sensing, examines the origins of the most significant unmet needs in existing chemical sensors, and introduces a new philosophy in selective chemical sensing. This new approach for selective chemical sensing involves the combination of a sensing material that has different response mechanisms to different species of interest with a transducer that has a multivariable signal transduction ability to detect these independent changes. This new selective chemical‐sensing approach was realized using an attractive ubiquitous platform of battery‐free passive radiofrequency identification (RFID) tags adapted for chemical sensing. In the numerous laboratory and field experiments, the action of several response mechanisms in a single sensing film to different vapors was demonstrated, which resulted in the independent detection of these responses with individual RFID sensors and correction for variable ambient conditions, including high levels of ambient relative humidity (RH). Performance of developed RFID sensors is illustrated in measurements of toxic industrial materials (TIMs) with the detection limit of 15–80 ppb, humidity‐independent (0–76% RH) detection of toxic organic vapors, and selective determination of blood chemical agent (CA) simulants with individual sensors.
Polypeptide (2019)

Recommendations are given concerning the terminology of methods of bioanalytical chemistry. With respect to dynamic development particularly in the analysis and investigation of biomacromolecules, terms related to bioanalytical samples, enzymatic methods, immunoanalytical methods, methods used in genomics and nucleic acid analysis, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, lipidomics, and biomolecules interaction studies are introduced.
Mobile robot assistants (2004)

This article discusses dependable navigation as a basic feature for operating mobile robots among humans. The importance of each navigation module according to the previously mentioned dependability components and resulting specifications for the development of such modules is analyzed. The technical implementations of dependable localization, path planning, and obstacle avoidance systems are also presented. A discussion on the dependable execution of fetch-and-carry tasks among humans is also provided. The crucial components for accomplishing this task are specified and the requirements for the implementation are developed. A modular control architecture for task planning and execution is described, and a new method for sensor-based object manipulation is introduced. Experimental results including the long-term installation of three entertainment robots in a museum in Berlin and several short-term installations of Fraunhofer IPA's robots, Care-O-bot I and II, are also presented and evaluated.
The lensed high-voltage vertical multijunction solar cell (1977)

The vertical multijunction solar cell with covering lens is a photovoltaic device which promises high-voltage, high-efficiency outputs. The structure described here is a modification of a structure previously reported. It is shown that the original high-voltage vertical multijunction solar cell is capable of high voltages but not high efficiencies. The solar cell described here is capable of higher efficiencies, but a more detailed analysis than presented here is necessary before a comparison between this cell and a conventional solar cell can be made.
Women and Change in Latin America. (1986)

A fine collection ...this is a volume every person with interests in the social sciences and/or Latin America should read. American Anthropologist Outlines in impressive detail the dimensions of women's powerlessness and shows the rich array of strategies women use to survive the oppression of their daily lives. Women's Review of Books
Correction to Discovery of the Hemifumarate and (α-l-Alanyloxy)methyl Ether as Prodrugs of an Antirheumatic Oxindole: Prodrugs for the Enolic OH Group (2018)

Ether, ester, and carbonate derivatives of the antirheumatic oxindole 1 were prepared and screened as potential prodrugs of 1. This effort led to the discovery of the (alpha-L-alanyloxy)-methyl ether and hemifumarate derivatives of 1 which deliver the drug efficiently into the circulation of test animals, are stable in the solid state, and possess good stability in solution at low pH as required to ensure gastric stability. Success in achieving acceptable bioavailabilities of 1 across species (rats, dogs, and monkeys) followed the inclusion of ionizable functionality within the promoiety to compensate for masking the polar enolic OH group of the free drug. However, the introduction of ionizable functionality was often associated with decreased stability, as demonstrated by the hemisuccinate, hemiadipate, hemisuberate, and alpha-amino ester derivatives of 1 which could not be isolated. A clear exception was the hemifumarate derivative of 1 which was not only isolable but actually more stable at neutral pH than the nonionizable ester analogues. The solution and solid state stability of the hemifumarate, together with its activity as a prodrug of 1, suggests that hemifumarate be considered as an alternative to hemisuccinate as a prodrug derivative for alcohols, particularly in situations where solution state stability is an issue.
Joint Interference Alignment and Avoidance for Downlink Heterogeneous Networks (2014)

In this letter, a two-stage interference alignment (IA) scheme and a link scheduling scheme are proposed to cooperatively address both the cross-tier and co-tier interference for downlink heterogeneous networks (HetNets). The two-stage IA enables more small cells to transmit simultaneously by exploiting the characteristics of HetNets and the sacrificed signal dimensions of conventional IA. Then we propose a link scheduling scheme to address the interference that cannot be solved by the two-stage IA. Link scheduling is responsible for choosing the small cell links that can simultaneously transmit by using the two-stage IA and scheduling interfering small cell links to different time slots to avoid interference. Link scheduling is designed with the aims to minimize the number of time slots needed to schedule all links and then maximize the number of scheduled links in these time slots. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly increase the sum rate of HetNets.
Performance of a Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access System With Full-Duplex Relaying (2018)

In this letter, we study a power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system in which a base station (BS) superimposes the transmit signals to the users. To enhance spectral efficiency and link reliability for the far-distance user, a full-duplex (FD) relay assists the BS while the near-distance user is reached over the direct link. For this setting, we analyze outage probability and sum rate of the NOMA system over Nakagami- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fading with integer fading severity parameter <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . Numerical results are provided for outage probability and sum rate to show the effect of system parameters on the performance of the FD NOMA system over Nakagami- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fading.
Possibility of Observing the Magnetic Charge of an Electron (1963)

The Lorentz force law and Maxwell's equations are extended to include magnetic as well as electric charges, by requiring that the equations be symmetrical in these charges. This extension predicts that the absolute magnetic charge of a particle cannot be detected. What can be detected are differences in magnetic charge between elementary particles and the validity of the assumed method of extending the Maxwell-Lorentz equations. An experiment is described which appears to measure the magnetic charge of an electron, but which instead bears on the form of the Maxwell-Lorentz equations. Other arguments limit the difference between proton and electron magnetic charges.
Preparation and structure of the Bunte salt trans-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) S-hydroxymethylthiosulfate, [Co(en)2Cl2]HOCH2S2O3 (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and structure of the Bunte salt trans-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) S-hydroxymethylthiosulfate, [Co(en)2Cl2]HOCH2S2O3A. S. Foust and V. JanickisCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1980, 19, 4, 1048–1050Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50206a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50206a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The importance of brain PGE<SUB>2</SUB> inhibition versus paw PGE<SUB>2</SUB> inhibition as a mechanism for the separation of analgesic and antipyretic effects of lornoxicam in rats with paw inflammation (2009)

Lornoxicam exhibits strong analgesic but weak antipyretic effects in rats with paw inflammation. Such a separation of effects is related to its efficacy in the reduction of PGE2 levels in the paw and brain hypothalamus.
A self-aligned via etch process to increase yield and reliability of 90 nm pitch critical interconnects with ultra-thin TiN hardmask (2014)

Back-end-of line (BEOL) interconnect scaling has led to the implementation of self-aligned via (SAV) schemes for ≤ 90 nm BEOL pitches [1]. In one implementation of this scheme, a TiN metal hardmask (MHM) is used for the trench pattern definition while the interconnect vias are patterned using a tri-layer resist mask such that the vias are self-aligned to the underlayer trench lines [2]. In this work, we describe a SAV etch process that enables the use of thin (≤ 15 nm) TiN MHM. Key attributes of the via and trench etching process in a capacitively coupled etch reactor are described to meet physical performance requirements and eliminate tradeoffs between via chain yield and via-to-metal (M2-V1) bridging. Low-k sidewall damage, post-etch wet clean, and metallization are discussed. Finally, the physical etch performance is correlated to the device breakdown voltage (VBD) and time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) lifetime performance.
Gold(I)- und Gold(0)-Komplexe mit Makrocyclen auf Phosphininbasis (1999)

Eine „CO-ähnliche Matrix”︁ mit Koordinationseigenschaften, die denen von Carbonylgruppen analog sind, weisen Silacalix[4]phosphinin-Makrocyclen auf. Die Reaktion mit AuI führt zu den ersten Gold(I)-Komplexen mit makrocyclischen Liganden, die mit Natrium oder Kalium zu paramagnetischen Gold(0)-Komplexen (ein Beispiel hierfür ist gezeigt) reduziert werden können, wie nun durch Cyclovoltammetrie und EPR-Spektroskopie nachgewiesen wurde.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Stem Cell Differentiation and Lumen Formation in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines and Primary Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 270K, Stromal alpha Smooth muscle actin labelled myofibroblasts co-stain with Beta-actin.&lt;/p&gt;
Cooperative Relay Broadcast Channels (2006)

The capacity regions are investigated for two relay broadcast channels (RBCs), where relay links are incorporated into standard two-user broadcast channels to support user cooperation. In the first channel, the Partially Cooperative Relay Broadcast Channel, only one user in the system can act as a relay and transmit to the other user through a relay link. An achievable rate region is derived based on the relay using the decode-and-forward scheme. An outer bound on the capacity region is derived and is shown to be tighter than the cut-set bound. For the special case where the Partially Cooperative RBC is degraded, the achievable rate region is shown to be tight and provides the capacity region. Gaussian Partially Cooperative RBCs and Partially Cooperative RBCs with feedback are further studied. In the second channel model being studied in the paper, the Fully Cooperative Relay Broadcast Channel, both users can act as relay nodes and transmit to each other through relay links. This is a more general model than the Partially Cooperative RBC. All the results for Partially Cooperative RBCs are correspondingly generalized to the Fully Cooperative RBCs. It is further shown that the AWGN Fully Cooperative RBC has a larger achievable rate region than the AWGN Partially Cooperative RBC. The results illustrate that relaying and user cooperation are powerful techniques in improving the capacity of broadcast channels.
Impact of a Transmitting-RIS on the Geometrical Structure of Indoor mmWave Channels (2022)

In this paper, we investigate the impact of the use of Transmitting Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (T- RISs) on the indoor millimeter wave (mmWave) radio channel characteristics. To this purpose, two measurement campaigns were conducted by employing a T-RIS array and a virtual cubic array (VCA). The multipath component extraction was performed to embed the T-RIS based antenna pattern and evaluate the effect on large-scale parameters such as the path loss, delay and angular spreads.
The JAK-STAT Pathway Is Critical in Ventilator-Induced Diaphragm Dysfunction (2014)

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the lynchpins of modern intensive-care medicine and is life saving in many critically ill patients. Continuous ventilator support, however, results in ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD) that likely prolongs patients' need for MV and thereby leads to major associated complications and avoidable intensive care unit (ICU) deaths. Oxidative stress is a key pathogenic event in the development of VIDD, but its regulation remains largely undefined. We report here that the JAK-STAT pathway is activated in MV in the human diaphragm, as evidenced by significantly increased phosphorylation of JAK and STAT. Blockage of the JAK-STAT pathway by a JAK inhibitor in a rat MV model prevents diaphragm muscle contractile dysfunction (by ~85%, p < 0.01). We further demonstrate that activated STAT3 compromises mitochondrial function and induces oxidative stress in vivo, and, interestingly, that oxidative stress also activates JAK-STAT. Inhibition of JAK-STAT prevents oxidative stress-induced protein oxidation and polyubiquitination and recovers mitochondrial function in cultured muscle cells. Therefore, in ventilated diaphragm muscle, activation of JAK-STAT is critical in regulating oxidative stress and is thereby central to the downstream pathogenesis of clinical VIDD. These findings establish the molecular basis for the therapeutic promise of JAK-STAT inhibitors in ventilated ICU patients.
Pronounced anti-proliferative activity and tumor cell selectivity of 5-alkyl-2-amino-3-methylcarboxylate thiophenes (2017)

5-(2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-2-amino-3-methylcarboxylate thiophene (TR560) is the prototype drug of a recently discovered novel class of tumor-selective compounds that preferentially inhibit the proliferation of specific tumor cell types (e.g. leukemia/lymphoma). Here, we further increased tumor selectivity by simplification of the molecule through replacing the 4-methoxyphenyl moiety by an alkyl chain. Several 2-amino-3-methylcarboxylate thiophene derivatives containing at C-5 an alkyl group consisting of at least 6 (hexyl) to 9 (nonyl) carbon units showed pronounced anti-proliferative activity in the mid-nanomolar range with 500- to 1000-fold tumor cell selectivity. The compounds preferentially inhibited the proliferation of T-lymphoma CEM and Molt/4, prostate PC-3, kidney Caki-1 and hepatoma Huh-7 tumor cells, but were virtually inactive against other tumor cell lines including B-lymphoma Raji and cervix carcinoma HeLa cells. The novel prototype drug 3j (containing a 5-heptyl chain) elicited a cytotoxic, rather than cytostatic activity, already after 4 h of exposure. The unusual tumor selectivity could not be explained by a differential uptake (or efflux) of the drug by sensitive versus resistant tumor cells. Exposure of a fluorescent derivative of 3j revealed pronounced uptake of the drug in the cytoplasm, no visible appearance in the nucleus, and a predominant localization in the endoplasmic reticulum. These observations may be helpful to narrow down the intracellular localization and identification of the molecular target of the 5-substituted thiophene derivatives.