gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PRMT5 controls pathogenicity and metabolic genes during Th17 polarization (2020)

Abstract PRMT5 catalyzes symmetric dimethylation (SDM) on arginine residues. PRMT5 methylates histone H3 and H4 producing remodeling of chromatin and regulation of gene transcription. PRMT5 is induced after T cell activation. Furthermore, both PRMT5 inhibitors and PRMT5 knockdown impair T cell proliferation and activation. However, the role of PRMT5 in T cell differentiation has not been analyzed. T cells undergo metabolic reprograming during activation which is critical for polarization. Differentiating T cells increase bioenergetics and anabolic pathways enhancing glycolysis, catabolism, uptake of fatty acids and oxidative phosphorylation. Whether PRMT5 has an impact on Th17 differentiation and metabolic reprograming is unknown. To address this question, we performed Th17 differentiation and RNA sequencing analyses in T cells from PRMT5fl/fl and iCD4-PRMT5Δ/Δ mice. Th17 differentiation was sharply suppressed in PRMT5 KO T cells, in which 25–30% of genes in the glycolysis, lactate or TCA pathways were reduced. To evaluate the functional effects of PRMT5 on energy metabolism, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were analyzed in Jurkat T cells transduced with control or PRMT5 shRNA and lactate secretion was measured on supernatants of Th1 and Th17 cells from PRMT5fl/fl and iCD4-PRMT5Δ/Δ mice. Knock down of PRMT5 decreased ECAR in Jurkat cells and lactate production in Th1 and Th17 cells in absence of PRMT5. In conclusion, PRMT5 promotes glycolytic energy metabolism and Th17 differentiation in T cells.
Peptides Induce ATP Hydrolysis at Both Subunits of the Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing (2003)

The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) plays a key role in the adaptive immune response by pumping antigenic peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum for subsequent loading of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. TAP is a heterodimer consisting of TAP1 and TAP2. Each subunit is composed of a transmembrane domain and a nucleotide-binding domain, which energizes the peptide transport. To analyze ATP hydrolysis of each subunit we developed a method of trapping 8-azido-nucleotides to TAP in the presence of phosphate transition state analogs followed by photocross-linking, immunoprecipitation, and high resolution SDS-PAGE. Strikingly, trapping of both TAP subunits by beryllium fluoride is peptide-specific. The peptide concentration required for half-maximal trapping is identical for TAP1 and TAP2 and directly correlates with the peptide binding affinity. Only a background level of trapping was observed for low affinity peptides or in the presence of the herpes simplex viral protein ICP47, which specifically blocks peptide binding to TAP. Importantly, the peptide-induced trapped state is reached after ATP hydrolysis and not in a backward reaction of ADP binding and trapping. In the trapped state, TAP can neither bind nor exchange nucleotides, whereas peptide binding is not affected. In summary, these data support the model that peptide binding induces a conformation that triggers ATP hydrolysis in both subunits of the TAP complex within the catalytic cycle.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Concentrated ERP, Self-Help and Waiting List for Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder: The Bergen 4-Day Treatment (2019)

www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02886780.
Exploring sequence dependence in DNA-decorated CNT Gas sensors on CMOS circuitry (2010)

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) are reported to be very sensitive to numerous odors and could serve as the next generation of miniature gas sensors. Recently, we have shown that SWNTs functionalized with DNA hold even greater promise than bare SWNTs as high sensitivity gas sensors. The DNA-decorated SWNT gas sensors were integrated on CMOS circuitry with built-in amplifiers. In the paper, we report on the performance of the nanosensors as a function of the DNA sequence used for adsorption on SWNTs. A diverse sequence-dependent response was observed, with enhancements up to 300% for methanol vapor and 250% for isopropanol alcohol vapor for specific DNA sequence compared to bare SWNTs. This work demonstrates a significant step towards ultra-sensitive electronic nose type of applications based on functionalizing CNTs with different DNA sequences.
Continuous Production of Uniform Calcium Alginate Beads by Sound Wave Induced Vibration (1996)

A new process for the immobilization of sodium alginate, which employs a vibration of membrane induced by sound waves from a horn-type speaker, is developed to produce uniformly-sized beads of predictable diameter. Frequency of sound wave and production rate are varied to find the optimal control ranges for the bead production. The controllable bead size range is 1·50–3·50 mm and the experimental production rates are 0–12 dm3 h-1 by a single nozzle. This method of bead production is a practical alternative to conventional continuous bead production methods with low apparatus cost and easier and better control of bead size and shape.
Disrupting the Constitutive, Homodimeric Protein–Protein Interface in CK2β Using a Biophysical Fragment-Based Approach (2016)

Identifying small molecules that induce the disruption of constitutive protein-protein interfaces is a challenging objective. Here, a targeted biophysical screening cascade was employed to specifically identify small molecules that could disrupt the constitutive, homodimeric protein-protein interface within CK2β. This approach could potentially be applied to achieve subunit disassembly of other homo-oligomeric proteins as a means of modulating protein function.
Improved Detection of Plasmon Waveguide Resonance Using Diverging Beam, Liquid Crystal Retarder, and Application to Lipid Orientation Determination (2019)

Plasmon waveguide resonance (PWR) sensors exhibit narrow resonances at the two orthogonal polarizations, transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM), which are narrower by almost an order of a magnitude than the standard surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and thus the figure of merit is enhanced. This fact is useful for measuring optical anisotropy of materials on the surface and determining the orientation of molecules with high resolution. Using the diverging beam approach and a liquid crystal retarder, we present experimental results by simultaneous detection of TE and TM polarized resonances as well as using fast higher contrast serial detection with a variable liquid crystal retarder. While simultaneous detection makes the system simpler, a serial one has the advantage of obtaining a larger contrast of the resonances and thus an improved signal-to-noise ratio. Although the sensitivity of the PWR resonances is smaller than the standard SPR, the angular width is much smaller, and thus the figure of merit is improved. When the measurement methodology has a high enough angular resolution, as is the one presented here, the PWR becomes advantageous over other SPR modes. The possibility of carrying out exact numerical simulations for anisotropic molecules using the 4 × 4 matrix approach brings another advantage of the PWR over SPR on the possibility of extracting the orientation of molecules adsorbed to the surface. High sensitivity of the TE and TM signals to the anisotropic molecules orientation is found here, and comparison to the experimental data allowed detection of the orientation of lipids on the sensor surface. The molecular orientations cannot be fully determined from the TM polarization alone as in standard SPR, which underlines the additional advantage of the PWR technique.
Certifying software for high-assurance environments (1999)

It does not make sense to grant carte blanche high-assurance certificates to product that may be used across multiple platforms and in multiple environments. We should bind software certification to a product's known environment and operational profile. The author proposes three techniques for verifying high assurance: desirable-behavior testing, abnormal testing, and fault injection. Each uses the product's operational profile to detect software-related anomalies that might allow a catastrophic event.
Role of the prostaglandin E2 receptor in mammary tumor metastasis. (1991)

Both clinical and experimental breast tumors often synthesize high levels of prostaglandins, most notably prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). We have reported previously that metastatic murine mammary tumor cells also express a high-affinity PGE2 receptor. We have now shown that the receptor plays a functional role in the metastasis of two mammary tumor cell subpopulations, lines 66 and 4526. We showed that three agents, LEO101 (LEO Pharmaceuticals), SC19220 (Searle Co.), and AH6809 (Glaxo Co.), antagonize [3H]PGE2 binding to these cells and block PGE2-mediated elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP. Pretreatment of line 66 cells with nontoxic concentrations of any of the three receptor antagonists prior to i.v. injection results in more experimental lung colonies. As shown previously, and confirmed here, pretreatment of these cells with indomethacin (which inhibits endogenous PGE synthesis and therefore increases detectable PGE receptor) inhibits metastasis. Thus, the tumor cell PGE2 receptor contributes to the ability of murine mammary tumor cells to metastasize.
Modal spot size of axially nonsymmetrical fibres (1986)

The modal spot size of the fundamental modes in axially nonsymmetrical fibres with axially nonsymmetrical cross-section is theoretically investigated. As the definition of modal spot size, two methods are proposed based on the quadratic moment of light power and the Gaussian fitting of the field. Simulated results using the finite-element method are presented for typical stress-applied polarisation-main taming fibres. It is shown that the spot shape depends mark edly both on the position of stress-applying parts and on normalised frequency.
Digital droplet PCR‐based chimerism analysis for monitoring of hematopoietic engraftment after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (2019)

According to our data, chimerism analysis by ddPCR has an excellent correlation with STR-based analyses. Due to its fast and easy applicability, the ddPCR technique is suitable for chimerism monitoring in clinical practice.
Microstructure Simulation in Pressurized Solidification during Squeeze Casting of Aluminum Alloy A356 (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Model Development Results and Discussions Conclusion Acknowledgements
An adaptive equalizer for reliable transmissions in DVB-S2 satellite communications under ISI (2014)

This paper presents a proposal of an Adaptive Equalizer based on DFE, and its implementation in FPGA, to make DVB-S2 transmission reliable under ISI (specially for wideband transmissions) and to make possible the mobile reception over satellite links for QPSK modulation. The Equalizer also presents the potential to reduce the nonlinear distortion effects, which are typically found in the satellite link and is caused by the satellite power amplifiers. This mainly affects high order modulations. The implementation is very flexible because it can make use of CMA and DD algorithms as well as the DVB-S2 header and embedded pilots as training sequences. Its adaptation is performed using the LMS algorithm. The paper presents the proposed architecture and algorithms, the VHDL simulations for AWGN channels and ISI, and the FPGA implementation resource usage. This is the initial step towards an implementation in VLSI.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Assisted Formation of Giant Polyoxomolybdate Structures. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Etymology: A Plea for Its Use in Early Education (1969)

My belief, based upon watching numerous students mature at Iowa State University, is, if etymology were stressed in primary and secondary schools, more older students would feel less burdened with so-called big, scientific names as well as nonscientific terms.
The Regulatory Region of Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase I Contains Closely Associated Autoinhibitory and Calmodulin-binding Domains (1995)

The mechanism for the regulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I (CaM kinase I) was investigated using a series of COOH-terminal truncated mutants. These mutants were expressed in bacteria as fusion proteins with glutathione S-transferase and purified by affinity chromatography using glutathione Sepharose 4B. A mutant (residues 1-332) showed complete Ca2+/CaM-dependent activity. Truncation mutants (residues 1-321, 1-314, and 1-309) exhibited decreasing affinities for Ca2+/CaM and also exhibited decreasing Ca2+/CaM-dependent activities. Truncation mutants (residues 1-305 or 1-299) were unable to bind Ca2+/CaM and were inactive. In contrast, truncation mutants (residues 1-293 or 1-277) were constitutively active at a slightly higher level (2-fold) than fully active CaM kinase I. These results indicate the location of the Ca2+/CaM-binding domain on CaM kinase I (residues 294-321) and predict the existence of an autoinhibitory domain near, or overlapping, the Ca2+/CaM-binding domain. These conclusions were supported by studies which showed that a synthetic peptide (CaM kinase I (294-321)) corresponding to residues 294-321 of CaM kinase I inhibited the fully active kinase in a manner that was competitive with Ca2+/CaM and also inhibited the constitutively active mutant (residues 1-293) in a manner that was competitive with Syntide-2, a peptide substrate, (Ki = 1.2 microM) but was non-competitive with ATP. Thus, these results suggest that CaM kinase I is regulated through an intrasteric mechanism common to other members of the family of Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinases.
Investigation of Chemical Generation of Atomic Iodine for COIL and Testing of the Supersonic COIL Using Diode Probe Diagnostics (2002)

This report results from a contract tasking Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences as follows: The contractor will investigate the previously developed supersonic COIL driven by a jet singlet oxygen generator. Its operation will be explored using a tunable diode laser. They will also investigate the chemical generation of atomic iodine for a COIL using alternative chemical processes.
Synthesis and Turnover of Liver Proteins During Extrahepatic Cholestasis in the Rat (1974)

The protein-bound radioactivity in liver and kidney, heart and brain was measured 30 and 90 min after an intraperitoneal injection of 3H-leuine. The incorporated radioactivity was slightly higher in liver and in brain proteins in cholestatic animals after 30 min, while no appreciable difference was observed after 90 min. A higher labeling was seen in serum proteins at 30 min. The trichloroacetic acid soluble radioactivity in liver, serum and other organs was also measured. The effects of cholestasis on the rate of degradation of liver protein were measured by following the decay in radioactivity after single pulse labeling and by the application of the double isotope technique. The results indicated a slightly lowered half-life of cholestatic proteins. The results are discussed in connection with previous findings of highly increased amino acid incorporation in vitro.
A Novel Wideband CPW-Fed Square Aperture Monopole Antenna with Inverted-L Grounded Strips for Wireless and Satellite Applications (2020)

In this paper, the design of a monopole slot antenna with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) for Wireless power transmission and GPS Applications is presented. The proposed antenna embedded a pair of inverted-L grounded strips around two opposite corners of the ground and L-shaped slit features in the upper face of ground plane and a monopole patch with two opposite corners slots protruded into the slot from the signal strip of the CPW. The wideband can be obtained by setting the corresponding parameters of the L-shaped slit whereas the matching input impedance bandwidth can be greatly improved through the tuning stub. The designed antenna has a small size of 60×60×0.74mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The features of the antennas, for instance, return losses and radiation patterns are validated. Finally, the full system is analyzed and optimized, and the properties of the antennas, for instance, return losses and radiation patterns are validated into simulation by using CST Microwave Studio electromagnetic solver and HFSS solver.
Cover Feature: Interfacial Engineering of Reduced Graphene Oxide for Aramid Nanofiber‐Enabled Structural Supercapacitors (Batteries & Supercaps 5/2019) (2019)

The Cover Feature illustrates the use of nanocomposite structural electrodes for electrochemical energy storage in an aircraft. Interfacial engineering enables strong electrodes with high energy storage leading to significant mass savings.More information can be found in the Article by P. Flouda et al.
Antibodies to shiga holotoxin and to two synthetic peptides of the B subunit in sera of patients with Shigella dysenteriae 1 dysentery (1992)

Acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 18 Thai patients and convalescent-phase sera from two Israeli patients and one Bangladeshi patient with Shigella dysenteriae 1 (Shiga) dysentery were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies that bind S. dysenteriae lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Shiga holotoxin, or two synthetic peptides representing epitopes from the B subunit of Shiga toxin. Paired sera from 24 Maryland adults with Shigella flexneri 2a or Shigella sonnei diarrhea served as negative controls. Of the 16 paired Thai serum samples tested for immunoglobulin G LPS antibody, 10 had greater than or equal to 4-fold rises (the two subjects with the highest convalescent-phase titers exhibited toxin-neutralizing activity); acute-phase specimens from four of the remaining six individuals already had elevated Shiga LPS titers in their acute specimens ranging from 1:800 to 1:12,800. Similarly, convalescent-phase sera from the two Israeli patients and the Bangladeshi patient revealed LPS titers of 1:800 to 1:3,200. In contrast, none of the Maryland volunteers with S. flexneri or S. sonnei diarrhea manifested rises in Shiga anti-LPS (P less than 0.00001 versus 10 of 16 Thai patients). Only 4 of the 18 Thai patients had significant rise in antibody to purified Shiga toxin, while one of the two Israeli patients and the one Bangladeshi patient had elevated convalescent-phase titers. None of the sera that reacted with Shiga holotoxin had antibody that bound to the peptides. This report, which describes a search for serum antibodies that bind Shiga toxin in patients with Shiga dysentery, demonstrates such antibodies in only a minority of patients with bacteriologically confirmed disease. During Shiga dysentery, Shiga toxin may be elaborated in such small quantities in vivo that it fails to elicit an immune response in most patients even though it may exert biological effects. In this behavior Shiga toxin resembles tetanus toxin, another potent exotoxin that fails to elicit antitoxic responses in people who recover from clinical tetanus.
Restoring enzyme activity in nonfunctional low erucic acid Brassica napus fatty acid elongase 1 by a single amino acid substitution (2002)

Genomic fatty acid elongation 1 (FAE1) clones from high erucic acid (HEA) Brassica napus, Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea, and low erucic acid (LEA) B. napus cv. Westar, were amplified by PCR and expressed in yeast cells under the control of the strong galactose-inducible promoter. As expected, yeast cells expressing the FAE1 genes from HEA Brassica spp. synthesized very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids that are not normally found in yeast, while fatty acid profiles of yeast cells expressing the FAE1 gene from LEA B. napus were identical to control yeast samples. In agreement with published findings regarding different HEA and LEA B. napus cultivars, comparison of FAE1 protein sequences from HEA and LEA Brassicaceae revealed one crucial amino acid difference: the serine residue at position 282 of the HEA FAE1 sequences is substituted by phenylalanine in LEA B. napus cv. Westar. Using site directed mutagenesis, the phenylalanine 282 residue was substituted with a serine residue in the FAE1 polypeptide from B. napus cv. Westar, the mutated gene was expressed in yeast and GC analysis revealed the presence of very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (VLCMFAs), indicating that the elongase activity was restored in the LEA FAE1 enzyme by the single amino acid substitution. Thus, for the first time, the low erucic acid trait in canola B. napus can be attributed to a single amino acid substitution which prevents the biosynthesis of the eicosenoic and erucic acids.
Primary analysis of JUMP, a phase 3b, expanded‐access study evaluating the safety and efficacy of ruxolitinib in patients with myelofibrosis, including those with low platelet counts (2020)

Ruxolitinib is a potent Janus kinase (JAK) 1/JAK2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of myelofibrosis (MF). Ruxolitinib was assessed in JUMP, a large (N = 2233), phase 3b, expanded-access study in MF in countries without access to ruxolitinib outside a clinical trial, which included patients with low platelet counts (<100 × 10<sup>9</sup> /l) and patients without splenomegaly - populations that have not been extensively studied. The most common adverse events (AEs) were anaemia and thrombocytopenia, but they rarely led to discontinuation (overall, 5·4%; low-platelet cohort, 12·3%). As expected, rates of worsening thrombocytopenia were higher in the low-platelet cohort (all grades, 73·2% vs. 53·5% overall); rates of anaemia were similar (all grades, 52·9% vs. 59·5%). Non-haematologic AEs, including infections, were mainly grade 1/2. Overall, ruxolitinib led to meaningful reductions in spleen length and symptoms, including in patients with low platelet counts, and symptom improvements in patients without splenomegaly. In this trial, the largest study of ruxolitinib in patients with MF to date, the safety profile was consistent with previous reports, with no new safety concerns identified. This study confirms findings from the COMFORT studies and supports the use of ruxolitinib in patients with platelet counts of 50-100 × 10<sup>9</sup> /l. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01493414).
Implementation of continuous descent approaches at Stockholm Arlanda airport, Sweden (2009)

RNAV STAR routes enabling Continuous Descent Approach from Cruise to Threshold have been deployed at Stockholm Arlanda airport in a live trial environment. The partner airline, SAS Scandinavian Airlines, committed their fleet of 19 Boeing 737 NG aircraft as a trial platform fleet. After two years of trials, an evaluation was carried out to highlight if and what benefits had been made. The results are very optimistic; 56 kg of fuel saved with every flight compared to standard arrivals, with exceptionally well flown arrivals (one in four flights) saving as much as 82 kg, all that through superior energy management. Continuous Descent Arrivals also pollute less and are demonstrably quieter. Based on positive experience from the trial phase, RNAV STARs were later optimized and introduced to the flying public.
50-nJ and 40-fs Pulses from a Mamyshev Ocillator (2017)

We demonstrate a fiber pulse generator based on reshaping and reamplification, which generates pulses of 50-nJ energy and 40-fs duration. The pulse peak power is two-orders of magnitude higher than the previous best result.