gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimalarial Activity of KAF156 in Falciparum and Vivax Malaria (2016)

KAF156 showed antimalarial activity without evident safety concerns in a small number of adults with uncomplicated P. vivax or P. falciparum malaria. (Funded by Novartis and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01753323 .).
Recent Developments of Signal Processing in Digital Magnetic Storage (1992)

This paper outlines the basic features and applications of partial-response and maximum likelihood sequence estimation signal processing in digital magnetic storage. The paper also introduces a practical examle of PRML channel combined both these technologies. Especially, PR(1,0,-1) decoding way using Viterbi detector is reviewed in a circuit structure, a timing recovery way and the performance. Moreover, several advanced signal processing technologies applicable to the magnetic storage are examined for future developments.
SVD-Based Quality Metric for Image and Video Using Machine Learning (2011)

We study the use of machine learning for visual quality evaluation with comprehensive singular value decomposition (SVD)-based visual features. In this paper, the two-stage process and the relevant work in the existing visual quality metrics are first introduced followed by an in-depth analysis of SVD for visual quality assessment. Singular values and vectors form the selected features for visual quality assessment. Machine learning is then used for the feature pooling process and demonstrated to be effective. This is to address the limitations of the existing pooling techniques, like simple summation, averaging, Minkowski summation, etc., which tend to be ad hoc. We advocate machine learning for feature pooling because it is more systematic and data driven. The experiments show that the proposed method outperforms the eight existing relevant schemes. Extensive analysis and cross validation are performed with ten publicly available databases (eight for images with a total of 4042 test images and two for video with a total of 228 videos). We use all publicly accessible software and databases in this study, as well as making our own software public, to facilitate comparison in future research.
A Comparison of AEM Inversion Methods for Discontinuous Permafrost near Fort Yukon, Alaska (2012)

Permafrost is a predominant physical feature of Arctic and sub‐Arctic regions, and is sensitive to climate change. How warming of the permafrost affects near‐surface hydrologic processes, ecosystems, and infrastructure is not clearly understood. A better understanding of the dynamic distribution and physical properties of permafrost, from continuous to discontinuous, provides knowledge of how the permafrost may change in the future and help inform engineering and sustainable management strategies. In June 2010, the US Geological Survey acquired 875 line km of RESOLVE frequency‐domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data over a ∼300 sq. km block near Fort Yukon in Alaska for imaging permafrost characteristics at various scales. The AEM data have been studied with 1D and 3D inversion algorithms. In this area, the 1D approximation is generally valid, but may be violated in areas of sharp lateral resistivity contrasts where low resistivity unfrozen sediments are surrounded by high resistivity permafrost. We explored whether the resolution of weakly 3D features could be improved through the use of holistic inversion (3D model parameterization with 1D modeling) or full 3D inversion, both of which are compared with independent 1D inversions. However, in addition to differences in dimensionality, there are also differences in model parameterization and regularization between the various AEM inversion methods. We have attempted to understand how these differences are manifested in the inverted models in order to assess the features resolved by each inversion. Resistivity models produced from the different inversions compare favourably with known permafrost features, and have also suggested some previously unseen permafrost features. We have examined unfrozen areas, such as the talik interpreted beneath Twelvemile Lake that may play an important hydrogeological role. Reliable interpretations of the 3D resistivity models surrounding taliks and other thawed subsurface features are critical for assessing whether or not these features are fully connected through the permafrost.
Assessment of genetically modified oilseed rape MS11 for food and feed uses, import and processing, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA‐GMO‐BE‐2016‐138) (2020)

Oilseed rape MS11 has been developed to confer male sterility and tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium-containing herbicides. Based on the information provided in the application and in line with the scope of application EFSA-GMO-BE-2016-138, the genetically modified organism (GMO) Panel concludes that the molecular characterisation data and bioinformatic analyses do not identify issues requiring food/feed safety assessment. None of the identified differences in the agronomic/phenotypic characteristics tested between oilseed rape MS11 and its conventional counterpart needs further assessment. No conclusions can be drawn for the compositional analysis due to the lack of an appropriate compositional data set. No toxicological or allergenicity concerns are identified for the Barnase, Barstar and PAT/bar proteins expressed in oilseed rape MS11. Owing to the incompleteness of the compositional analysis, the toxicological, allergenicity and nutritional assessment of oilseed rape MS11 cannot be completed. In the case of accidental release of viable oilseed rape MS11 seeds into the environment, oilseed rape MS11 would not raise environmental safety concerns. The post-market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the scope of the application. Since oilseed rape MS11 is designed to be used only for the production of hybrid seed, it is not expected to be commercialised as a stand-alone product for food/feed uses. Thus, seeds harvested from oilseed rape MS11 are not expected to enter the food/feed chain, except accidentally. In this context, the GMO Panel notes that, oilseed rape MS11 would not pose risk to humans and animals, while the scale of environmental exposure will be substantially reduced compared to a stand-alone product.
Total synthesis of racemic silphinene (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of racemic silphineneAndrea Leone-Bay and Leo A. PaquetteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 21, 4173–4174Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00142a037RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (278 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Using Schur complement for realtime automotive applications (2015)

Abstract Realtime simulation of stiff physical models of mechatronic systems within electronic control unit software functions poses amongst others the challenge to solve linear systems of equations with minimal comutational effort. For this, one key approach is exploiting the model structure. In this paper, Schur complement based reformulations are examined for a tailored exploitation of the sparsity of a pipe model on the level of linear equations. (© 2015 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stripline to microstrip line aperture coupler (1990)

Aperture coupling between stripline and microstrip line is analyzed as a function of the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the aperture, using Bethe's small-aperture coupling theory. A coupling expression for the general case of an aperture in the common ground plane is derived. Coupling variations with aperture dimensions for the case of a thin slot, a hole, a diamond, a rounded end slot, and an ellipse are determined using McDonald's polynomial approximations for the electric and magnetic polarizability for small apertures. Experimental results for the case of a thin slot and a circuit aperture are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Identification of two susceptibility loci for vascular fragility in the Brown Norway rat (2001)

A trait of vascular fragility, characterized by the formation of abrupt defects within the elastic laminae of the abdominal aorta, has been identified in Brown Norway (BN) rats. These lesions are greatly exacerbated in F(1) rats from a BN x New Zealand genetically hypertensive (GH) intercross, implying that the genetic background provided by the GH rat influences lesion severity. The F(2) progeny of the BN x GH intercross were used to identify susceptibility loci for the lesions as well as exacerbating loci. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for number of internal elastic lamina lesions were identified on rat chromosomes 5 and 10, with the maximum "log of the odds ratio" (LOD) scores at D5Rat119 (LOD 5.0) and at D10Mit2 (LOD 4.5), respectively, together contributing 33.5% to the genetic variance. Further analysis revealed that the chromosome 10 locus exhibits a dominant mode of inheritance, with BN alleles being associated with increased lesion number (P < 0.0002) compared with GH homozygotes. This locus was in epistasis to a modifier locus on rat chromosome 2 at D2Mit14 (LOD score 2.12). A second major locus was identified on chromosome 5, exhibiting a semidominant mode of inheritance, again with the BN allele being significantly associated with increased lesion number (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, a locus influencing lesion severity was identified on chromosome 3 wherein GH alleles associated with increased severity. This is the first study to identify susceptibility loci for vascular elastic tissue fragility.
System Modules Interaction Based Stress Testing Model (2010)

Stress testing plays a key role during the system testing phase, this paper provides a model based on the interaction between different modules in the system, which can help to analyze how the primary input of the stress testing influences each module in the system. This model can be helpful when designing test cases and analyzing the bottleneck of the whole system.
Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 on Human Tracheobronchial Epithelial Cells Induces the Antimicrobial Peptide Human β Defensin-2 (2003)

As pattern recognition receptors capable of eliciting responses to a diverse array of microbial products, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) participate in the activation of host defense mechanisms that protect against infectious pathogens. Given that epithelial cells lie at the interface between the host and its environment, we designed experiments to determine whether human airway epithelial cells express TLRs and respond to TLR agonists. Immunohistochemical labeling of TLR2 in normal human airways revealed TLR2 expression throughout the epithelium, with an apparently higher level of expression on noncolumnar basal epithelial cells. Two-color immunofluorescent labeling of TLR2 and cytokeratins 8 and 15 revealed that TLR2 is coexpressed with the epithelial cell markers. In addition, airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface responded to bacterial lipopeptide in a TLR2-dependent manner with induction of mRNA and protein of the antimicrobial peptide human beta defensin-2. Stimulation of epithelial cell cultures with lipopeptide resulted in a small and variable reduction of bacteria on the apical surface. Together, these data suggest that TLRs monitor epithelial surfaces to enhance host defense by inducing the production of an antimicrobial peptide.
Channel Assignments in Wireless Networks with Time-Varying Traffic Behaviors (2015)

Many of the models used to analyze the performance of wireless networks assume stationary traffic behaviors where the average state-changing event times are constant. Various analysis of real traffic traces have shown that such behaviors in mobile wireless networks vary periodically during the day and night. Other systems also exhibit a similar behavior. A better analysis of the network's performance can be achieved by assuming the traffic behaviors to be non-stationary in such systems. In this paper, a multi-server queueing system is presented where the arrival and service probabilities in each time slot are time-dependent and periodic. The model can be applied for computing the optimal assignment of channels that adheres to certain performance level requirements.
Effect of carbon black on time dependence of the melt flow index (1967)

Abstract Time dependence in the melt indexing of polyolefins stabilized against thermally induced changes is well known, the prevalent effect being an increase in melt index toward a steady‐state value. The melt index of polyethylenes compounded with carbon black has been found to decrease, in some cases radically, although oxygen uptake data show no evidence of thermal instability. The melt index–time plot can be restored to its normal shape by adding excess quantities of a standard thioether antioxidant. Data are rationalized by assuming that polyethylene adsorbs on the available pigment surface, forming a crosslink network. The thioether antioxidant, however, may adsorb preferentially, thereby restoring the normal response of the polymer to forces resulting in its capillary extrusion. The results emphasize the contribution of chain orientation effects to the time dependence of melt index.
Kinetic analysis utilizing a recirculating flow reactor system (1971)

Abstract A system which recirculates reactants from a stirred vessel through a remote reactor is described. Highly reproducible kinetic measurements are achieved for liquid phase reactions in general and those requiring isolation in particular. Typical reactions which require isolation involve high pressure, intense radiation, explosive mixtures, etc. The conversion history within the vessel is related to reaction rate through a mathematical model which facilitates interpretation of kinetic data. The stirred vessel is modeled as a perfectly uniform reservoir coupled to the arbitrary reaction element by two transfer lines modeled as time delays. The analysis includes the effects of a parabolic velocity profile attendant to the use of low circulation rates or high viscosities. Analytical solutions are obtained for limiting cases and the model system simulated on an analog computer. The results are compared to experimental data on a radiation induced vinyl polymerization
VoIP Call Signaling Performance and Always-On Battery Consumption in HSDPA, WCDMA and WiFi (2007)

Wireless broadband enables the use of VoIP with handheld mobile deices. Likewise, multi radio terminals provide the user with ubiquitous access. Even though broadband access might be available in different locations, performance still depends on the wireless technology used. We study the main signaling delays that take place in a voice call (registration and voice call setup delays) and compare them for different wireless accesses: HSDPA, WCDMA and WiFi. Likewise, possible optimizations with always-on mode and their drawbacks are presented. Signaling delays and total battery lifetime affect the perceived end user experience directly, and thus are important items to consider in addition to the overall voice quality.
Fuzzy-Inspired Biosensing Strategy for Double-Feature Tumor Classification (2021)

This paper proposes a novel fuzzy-inspired biosensing strategy for contrast-enhanced tumor classification by using multiple features of the disease. Specifically, the proposed strategy considers two features of breast cancers, i.e., tissue malignancy and distance between cancerous cells, to determine the cancer status through the fuzzy relation transfer analysis. The analysis enables an intuitive yet systematic way to characterize the variation of classification fuzziness occurred in the biosensing process when nanoscale materials are utilized as contrast agents. Subsequently, root-mean-square-error of the membership function is introduced to evaluate the sensing integrity. Finally, numerical results are presented to demonstrate the principles of the proposed strategy.
Synthesis of Chiral 4‐Substituted 2‐Hydroxypent‐4‐enoic Acid Derivatives via Diastereoselective Ene Reaction Promoted by ZnBr2. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
GtRNAdb: a database of transfer RNA genes detected in genomic sequence (2008)

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) represent the single largest, best-understood class of non-protein coding RNA genes found in all living organisms. By far, the major source of new tRNAs is computational identification of genes within newly sequenced genomes. To organize the rapidly growing collection and enable systematic analyses, we created the Genomic tRNA Database (GtRNAdb), currently including over 74,000 tRNA genes predicted from 740 species. The web resource provides overview statistics of tRNA genes within each analyzed genome, including information by isotype and genetic locus, easily downloadable primary sequences, graphical secondary structures and multiple sequence alignments. Direct links for each gene to UCSC eukaryotic and microbial genome browsers provide graphical display of tRNA genes in the context of all other local genetic information. The database can be searched by primary sequence similarity, tRNA characteristics or phylogenetic group. The database is publicly available at http://gtrnadb.ucsc.edu.
Thermal conductivity of anisotropic snow measured by three independent methods (2012)

Abstract. The thermal conductivity of snow determines the temperature gradient, and by this the rate of snow metamorphism. It is therefore a key property of snow. However, parameterizations of thermal conductivity measured with the transient needle probe and the steady-state heat-flux plate show a bias. In addition, it is not clear to which degree thermal anisotropy is relevant. Until now, no physically convincing argument for the existence of this bias could be found. In this study, we investigated three independent methods to measure snow thermal conductivity and its anisotropy: a needle probe with a long heating time, a guarded heat flux plate, and direct numerical simulation at the level of the pore and ice structure. The three methods were applied to identical snow samples, apart from the different measurement volumes of each methods. We analyzed the consistency and the difference between these methods. We found a distinct change from horizontal thermal anisotropy in small rounded grains and vertical anisotropy in depth hoar. The anisotropy between vertical and horizontal conductivity ranges between 0.5–2. This anisotropy can cause a difference of up to −25 % to + 25 % if the thermal conductivity is calculated only from a horizontally inserted needle probe. Based on these measurements, the direct numerical simulation is the most reliable method as the tensorial components of the thermal conductivity can be calculated, the corresponding microstructure is precisely known and the homogeneity of the sample can be determined.
Mesomorphic behaviors and charge carrier transport in terthiophene derivatives (2004)

We synthesized dialkylterthiophene derivatives ω-substituted with cyclohexylethyl moiety, which exhibit smectic mesophases at room temperature, and investigated their charge carrier transport properties. In particular, trans-pentylcyclohexylethyl-propylterthiophene (3-TTP-C2CH-5) held SmB phase at room temperature. Furthermore, a 3:1 mixture of 3-TTP-C2CH-5 and (2-methylbutyl)-dodecylterthiophene (5∗-TTP-12) showed the SmB phase between 101°C and −15°C, and the highly ordered smectic phase below −15°C. In the SmB phase of the mixture, hole and electron mobility was 10−3 cm2/Vs, and independent of temperature and electric field over room temperature. However, below room temperature, the mobility depended on both temperature and electric field, as is often observed in organic amorphous solids and formarized by Gaussian disorder model, suggesting that the carrier transport in the smectic mesophase can be explained by the hopping conduction in disordered molecular sites.
Intracellular Delivery of Proteins with Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Therapeutic Uses in Human Disease (2016)

Protein therapy exhibits several advantages over small molecule drugs and is increasingly being developed for the treatment of disorders ranging from single enzyme deficiencies to cancer. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), a group of small peptides capable of promoting transport of molecular cargo across the plasma membrane, have become important tools in promoting the cellular uptake of exogenously delivered proteins. Although the molecular mechanisms of uptake are not firmly established, CPPs have been empirically shown to promote uptake of various molecules, including large proteins over 100 kiloDaltons (kDa). Recombinant proteins that include a CPP tag to promote intracellular delivery show promise as therapeutic agents with encouraging success rates in both animal and human trials. This review highlights recent advances in protein-CPP therapy and discusses optimization strategies and potential detrimental effects.
N-face $(000\bar{1})$ GaN/InN/GaN double heterostructures emitting near-infrared photoluminescence grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (2018)

N-face double heterostructures (DHs) composed of 30-nm-thick InN layers sandwiched with GaN buffer and cap layers were grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. A high InN growth temperature is necessary for obtaining good radiative properties in the temperature range from 595 to 675 °C. Using a lower growth temperature for the GaN cap layer (550 °C) than for the InN layer (675 °C) enables us to fabricate a high-quality N-face GaN/InN/GaN DH having abrupt heterointerfaces as well as strong band-edge photoluminescence at around 0.75 eV at the measurement temperature of 83 K.