gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing of femtosecond pulses (2005)

We study and demonstrate the technique of simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing of femtosecond pulses, with the aim to improve the signal-to-background ratio in multiphoton imaging. This concept is realized by spatially separating spectral components of pulses into a "rainbow beam" and recombining these components only at the spatial focus of the objective lens. Thus, temporal pulse width becomes a function of distance, with the shortest pulse width confined to the spatial focus. We developed analytical expressions to describe this method and experimentally demonstrated the feasibility. The concept of simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing of femtosecond pulses has the great potential to significantly reduce the background excitation in multiphoton microscopy, which fundamentally limits the imaging depth in highly scattering biological specimens.
[Emergency thrombolysis in ischemic stroke disseminated over the country. There are still marked regional variations according to Riks-Stroke analysis]. (2011)

Spridningen av trombolys som akutbehandling vid ischemisk stroke har analyserats hos patienter registrerade i Riks-Stroke under 2003–2009.
Implementeringen har varit langsam, aven om den varit snab ...
Abstract 3265: Dual specificity phosphatase 4 gene expression in triple negative breast cancer (2014)

Abstract Background Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer with limited treatment options. A recent report suggested that dual specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) may be a potential marker of chemotherapy resistance for TNBC. Methods We measured the DUSP4 gene expression levels in breast cancer tissue from 469 TNBC patients who participated in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study and evaluated their association with breast cancer recurrence/breast cancer mortality and total mortality. Study participants were diagnosed with incident breast cancer between March 2002 and April 2006 and aged between 20 and 75 years. Information on breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, as well as demographic, lifestyle, and disease progression information, were collected approximately 6 months after cancer diagnosis and reassessed at 18, 36, and 60 months after diagnosis in follow-up interviews. Expression levels of transcript variant 1 (NM_001394) and transcript variant 2 (NM_057158) of DUSP4 gene were measured by the NanoString nCounter assay using RNA obtained from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Cox regression analysis was applied in the data analyses with adjustment for clinical and demographic factors. Results Of the 469 TNBC participants in this study, 100 deaths and 92 recurrences/breast cancer deaths were documented over a median follow-up of 5.3 years (range, 0.7-8.9 years). The expression of the two DUSP4 isoforms were highly correlated (r=0.76). Low DUSP4, particularly variant 1 (NM_001394), expression levels were associated with increased recurrence/breast cancer mortality and overall mortality. After adjustment for age at diagnosis and TNM stage, the hazard ratios comparing those with DUSP4 (variant 1) expression levels below the median to those above the median were 1.97 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27, 3.05) for recurrence/breast cancer mortality and 2.09 (95% CI: 1.38, 3.17) for overall mortality. Adjustment for expression levels of MKI67 and TP53, common treatment types, breast cancer subtype, or grade did not materially alter the observed association. Conclusion Low DUSP4 expression levels predict recurrence and mortality in TNBC patients independently from known clinical and molecular predictors. Citation Format: Michelle L. Baglia, Qiuyin Cai, Ying Zheng, Jie Wu, Yinghao Su, Fei Ye, Ping-Ping Bao, Hui Cai, Zhiguo Zhao, Wei Zheng, Wei Lu, Xiao-Ou Shu. Dual specificity phosphatase 4 gene expression in triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3265. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3265
Catalytic Enantioselective Cross‐Mannich Reaction of Aldehydes (2005)

A wide variety of optically active compounds as well as active compounds such as amino acid derivatives can be accessed by the cross-Mannich reaction of aldehydes, particularly by the direct catalytic asymmetric version, in which CC bonds are formed. Remarkable advancements have been reported, including one-pot, three-component procedures with absolute stereocontrol and high yields (see example, NMP=N-methylpyrrolidine).
Comparison of traffic and quality characteristics of rate-controlled wavelet and DCT video (2005)

Wavelet-based encoding is now emerging as an efficient way to encode video for streaming over the Internet and for wireless applications. "Wavelet-based video coding has been recently added to the JPEG-2000 video standards. As wavelet encoded video emerges as the next generation video encoding method, it is vital to compare the efficiency of wavelet encoded video against the widely used DCT-based MPEG encoded video. However, due to the lack of long wavelet encoded video streams, most research has so far been based on short video traces. This paper presents a comparison study on MPEG vs wavelet encoded video traces for one hour movie excerpts with rate control. These long video sequences allow for the evaluation of long range dependency and self similarity of the generated video traffic, which has not been studied before in the context of comparing DCT and wavelet-based encoding. We focus on the elementary as well as self-similar traffic characteristics of the encoded video. A hump behavior for the variability of frame sizes is observed for increasing video bit rates for both wavelet and MPEG encoded video. In addition, the quality characteristics of the encoded video is examined and related to the traffic. Our results indicate that the wavelet encoded video results in higher video quality than MPEG encoded video. For the frame size variability we find different characteristics depending on the aggregation level for a given data rate. The results also indicate that the variation of quality resulting from the wavelet encoding is lower than for the MPEG encoded video
A boundary element model of the transport of a semi-infinite bubble through a microvessel bifurcation (2010)

Motivated by a developmental gas embolotherapy technique for selective occlusion of blood flow to tumors, we examined the transport of a pressure-driven semi-infinite bubble through a liquid-filled bifurcating channel. Homogeneity of bubble splitting as the bubble passes through a vessel bifurcation affects the degree to which the vascular network near the tumor can be uniformly occluded. The homogeneity of bubble splitting was found to increase with bubble driving pressure and to decrease with increased bifurcation angle. Viscous losses at the bifurcation were observed to affect the bubble speed significantly. The potential for oscillating bubble interfaces to induce flow recirculation and impart high stresses on the vessel endothelium was also observed.
Using LTI Dynamics to Identify the Influential Nodes in a Network (2016)

Networks are used for modeling numerous technical, social or biological systems. In order to better understand the system dynamics, it is a matter of great interest to identify the most important nodes within the network. For a large set of problems, whether it is the optimal use of available resources, spreading information efficiently or even protection from malicious attacks, the most important node is the most influential spreader, the one that is capable of propagating information in the shortest time to a large portion of the network. Here we propose the Node Imposed Response (NiR), a measure which accurately evaluates node spreading power. It outperforms betweenness, degree, k-shell and h-index centrality in many cases and shows the similar accuracy to dynamics-sensitive centrality. We utilize the system-theoretic approach considering the network as a Linear Time-Invariant system. By observing the system response we can quantify the importance of each node. In addition, our study provides a robust tool set for various protective strategies.
Metastatic Growth from Dormant Cells Induced by a Col-I–Enriched Fibrotic Environment (2010)

Breast cancer that recurs as metastatic disease many years after primary tumor resection and adjuvant therapy seems to arise from tumor cells that disseminated early in the course of disease but did not develop into clinically apparent lesions. These long-term surviving, disseminated tumor cells maintain a state of dormancy, but may be triggered to proliferate through largely unknown factors. We now show that the induction of fibrosis, associated with deposition of type I collagen (Col-I) in the in vivo metastatic microenvironment, induces dormant D2.0R cells to form proliferative metastatic lesions through beta1-integrin signaling. In vitro studies using a three-dimensional culture system modeling dormancy showed that Col-I induces quiescent D2.0R cells to proliferate through beta1-integrin activation of SRC and focal adhesion kinase, leading to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent myosin light chain phosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase and actin stress fiber formation. Blocking beta1-integrin, Src, ERK, or myosin light chain kinase by short hairpin RNA or pharmacologic approaches inhibited Col-I-induced activation of this signaling cascade, cytoskeletal reorganization, and proliferation. These findings show that fibrosis with Col-I enrichment at the metastatic site may be a critical determinant of cytoskeletal reorganization in dormant tumor cells, leading to their transition from dormancy to metastatic growth. Thus, inhibiting Col-I production, its interaction with beta1-integrin, and downstream signaling of beta1-integrin may be important strategies for preventing or treating recurrent metastatic disease.
Corpus-based knowledge representation (2003)

A corpus-based knowledge representation system consists of a large collection of disparate knowledge fragments or schemas, and a rich set of statistics computed over the corpus. We argue that by collecting such a corpus and computing the appropriate statistics, corpus-based representation offers an alternative to traditional knowledge representation for a broad class of applications. The key advantage of corpusbased representation is that we avoid the laborious process of building a (often brittle) knowledge base. We describe the basic building blocks of a corpus-based representation system and a set of applications for which such a paradigm is appropriate, including one application where the approach is already showing promising results. 1
The challenges of cancer pain assessment. (2014)

Aristotle wrote, “The aim of the wise is not to secure pleasure, but to avoid pain”. Despite significant medical, pharmacological and technological advances in the area of cancer pain assessment and management, up to 90% of patients with advanced cancer experience pain significant enough to require further intervention1.

Hospices are considered as leaders in cancer pain management. One of their key goals is to provide patients with a pain-free death2. Despite better pain outcomes often being achieved in this setting, even high quality care caregivers fail to eliminate pain in up to 75% of cases. It is suggested that the main barrier to optimal effective management of pain relief is inadequate assessment of pain3.

This essay will consider how cancer pain is classified; how it is currently assessed; the problems with the current methods of cancer pain assessment; and possible future assessment approaches.
Production of Powder Detergents (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Technology Overview Manufacturing Processes Traditional Spray-Drying Process Superheated Steam Drying Nontower Agglomeration Process Nontower Compound Technology Densification Processes Dry Densification in a Mixer Dry Densification in a Spheronizer Dry Densification in a Roller Press Wet Granulation Spaghetti Extrusion Postaddition Process Dry Densification in a Tablet Press Raw Materials Anionic Surfactants Nonionic Surfactants Builders Peroxygen Bleaches Enzymes
Characteristic polymerization behaviour of microgel-like poly(allyl methacrylate) microspheres (2002)

In the emulsion polymerization of allyl methacrylate (AMA), the reactive crosslinked polymer microspheres or microgel-like polymers with abundant pendant allyl groups were easily obtained because AMA possesses two types of vinyl groups, methacrylic and allylic double bonds, having greatly different reactivities. The resulting microgel-like poly(allyl methacrylate) microspheres (PAMA microspheres) were characterized by light scattering and viscometry. Then, the characteristic polymerization behaviour of PAMA microspheres was explored by the copolymerizations with diallyl terephthalate (DAT) and allyl benzoate (ABz).
ChemInform Abstract: New Uses of Amino Acids as Chiral Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Similar rates of return to sports and BMI reduction regardless of age, gender and preoperative BMI as seen in matched cohort of hypoallergenic and standard Cobalt Chromium medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (2021)

researchregistry6250- www.researchregistry.com .
Dialysis enhances renal epithelial proliferations. (1980)

Study of 115 kidneys from 60 patients with chronic renal failure maintained by dialysis for two months to five years revealed an unexpected number and variety of epithelial proliferative processes, several types of which are hitherto unreported. Proliferative activity was defined either by the presence of epithelial structures in ectopic situations, continuity with existing structures being demonstrable by serial sections, or by mitotic figures, or by both. The tendency for renal carcinoma development may relate to these dialysis-related epithelial proliferations originating in both glomerular and tubular epithelia. Enhanced renal epithelial proliferative capacity in dialysis may be employable in the experimental study of renal regeneration and in the therapy of patients with preterminal renal disease.
Low-complexity cyclostationarity feature detection scheme of localized SC-FDMA uplink system for application to detect and avoid (2010)

A low-complexity cyclostationarity feature detection scheme is proposed in this paper. Such method is suitable for the detection of a localized Single-carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) signal. SC-FDMA scheme is the candidate for the uplink of Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-Advanced) system. The detection of the uplink signal is critical to the coexistence between UWB systems and LTE-Advanced systems. The proposed scheme requires low computational complexity at the cost of slight reduction in detection performance. Simulation results and computational complexity analysis indicate that the proposed scheme makes a tradeoff between detection performance and computational complexity. In a worse transmission environment, the low-complexity cyclostationarity feature detection can be utilized as a substitute for the energy detection since the later approach is sensitive to noise uncertainty and can not work well in such circumstance.
Running Agent-based-models Simulations Synchronized with Reality to Control Transport Systems (2016)

Adaptable, flexible and evolvable manufacturing systems and warehouses are so complex to manage that control systems have to be divided into several aspects. One of these is internal transportation, which has to do with all tasks involved in fulfilling a set of so-called transportation orders, i.e. commands to collect and deliver material from origin to destination spots. A common approach to design the controllers for these applications begins by modeling them as multi-agent systems and continues to final deployment through a cascade of transformations. To minimize development costs of internal transportation controllers, we have proposed a model of construction that includes components that synchronize the events from reality simulation and the ones from actual reality. By using these synchronizers, further development is required only for those parts of the initial multi-agent controller models with real counterparts. In this paper, we review the model and the architecture of the proposed internal transportation system controllers and we illustrate the whole design process through the development of a controller for an automated laboratory. Indirectly, we prove the validity of the architecture and of its key component, the synchronizers.
Effect of Emulsifiers and Processing Conditions on Microstructure of Milk Fat/Sunflower Oil Blends (2002)

We present a patient with an anomalous left coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva with effort angina. Diagnosis was made by coronary angiography. The course of the proximal segment was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An internal mammary artery was successfully grafted with symptomatic improvement.
Combined subharmonic and ultraharmonic intravascular ultrasound imaging (2017)

Abnormal proliferation of the vasa vasorum has been implicated in the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. Imaging the vasa vasorum could help clinicians identify rupture-prone plaques and guide the choice of therapy. We hypothesized that subharmonic and ultraharmonic modes can be combined to improve the performance of contrast-enhanced intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging. To test this hypothesis, vessel phantoms perfused with phospholipid-shelled ultrasound contrast agent (Targestar-P®, Targeson, Inc., San Diego, CA) were visualized using either subharmonic, ultraharmonic, or combined subharmonic and ultraharmonic modes. Flow channels, as small as 0.8 mm and 0.5 mm in diameter, were imaged using commercial peripheral and coronary imaging catheters at 12 MHz and 30 MHz transmit frequencies, respectively. Subharmonic and ultraharmonic imaging modes attained contrast-to-tissue ratios (CTRs) of 18 ± 2 dB and 20 ± 2 dB at 12 MHz transmit frequency, and 9 ± 2 dB and 13 ± 1 dB at 30 MHz transmit frequency, respectively. Combining subharmonic and ultraharmonic modes enhanced the CTRs to 33 ± 3 dB and 25 ± 2 dB at 12 MHz and 30 MHz transmit frequencies, respectively. These preliminary findings support the continued investigation of combined subharmonic and ultraharmonic IVUS for vasa vasorum imaging.
A broadband beam‐fixed planar‐array antenna using slot pair and conductive bar at millimeter‐wave frequencies (2004)

Abstract This paper presents a broadband millimeter‐wave planar‐array antenna that uses a slot pair and crossing conductive bar. The antenna is fed by a waveguide feed network in the E‐plane to reduce the feed‐line loss and a microstrip‐feed network in the H‐plane in order to decrease fabrication costs. The waveguide and microstrip are coupled through the slot pair, which is placed a quarter guided‐wavelength distance apart, so that the reflected waves from the slots cancel each other. As a result, the antenna exhibits very broadband characteristics. The conductive bar is laid above the slots to increase the coupling. Results from simulation and measurement of the fabricated antenna show the reflection bandwidth to be more than 7.1% of the 40.5–43.5‐GHz frequency range. The antenna also has fixed beams, low side‐lobe levels (SLLs) at all frequencies of interest, and a high gain of 28.1 dBi at 41.5 GHz. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 150–154, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20076
Yield and nutrient dynamics under fruit-based diversified cropping models for arid region of Rajasthan (2016)

The plant height, plant girth and yield of aonla varied considerably in different cropping model systems. Highest yield of aonla was recorded in aonla-khejri (46.2 kg/plant) followed by aonla-ber (44.7 kg/plant), while the lowest aonla yield was recorded in aonla-drumstick (40.6 kg/plant). Maximum organic carbon (0.25%), electrical conductivity (2.00 dS/m) and pH (8.28) was recorded under aonla-khejri-cluster bean-ajowain cropping model followed by aonla-ber-cluster bean-fennel. Similarly, the maximum available nitrogen (210.3 kg N/ha), potassium (401.26 kg K/ha), micro-nutrients (Zn 5.11; Cu 0.59; Fe 12.21; Mn 12.91 ppm) and microbial population (bacteria 271 CFU x106; fungal 221 CFU x103; actinomycetes 116 CFU x103) were under aonla-khejri-cluster bean-ajowain cropping system. It was concluded that for arid conditions of Rajasthan, aonla-khejri and aonlaber combinations were superior compared to other cropping systems.
Spray‐Layer‐by‐Layer Carbon Nanotube/Electrospun Fiber Electrodes for Flexible Chemiresistive Sensor Applications (2013)

Development of a versatile method for incorporating conductive materials into textiles could enable advances in wearable electronics and smart textiles. One area of critical importance is the detection of chemicals in the environment for security and industrial process monitoring. Here, the fabrication of a flexible, sensor material based on functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) films on a porous electrospun fiber mat for real‐time detection of a nerve agent simulant is reported. The material is constructed by layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of MWNTs with opposite charges, creating multilayer films of MWNTs without binder. The vacuum‐assisted spray‐LbL process enables conformal coatings of nanostructured MWNT films on individual electrospun fibers throughout the bulk of the mat with controlled loading and electrical conductivity. A thiourea‐based receptor is covalently attached to the primary amine groups on the MWNT films to enhance the sensing response to dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a simulant for sarin nerve agent. Chemiresistive sensors based on the engineered textiles display reversible responses and detection limits for DMMP as low as 10 ppb in the aqueous phase and 5 ppm in the vapor phase. This fabrication technique provides a versatile and easily scalable strategy for incorporating conformal MWNT films into three‐dimensional substrates for numerous applications.
Sequential estimation of state of charge and equivalent circuit parameters for lithium-ion batteries (2015)

We propose a method to estimate the state of charge (SoC) and the equivalent circuit parameters for lithium-ion batteries. Model-based approaches for SoC estimation, such as Kalman filter, achieve better accuracy than Coulomb counting or open circuit voltage method, albeit requiring accurate model parameters of the battery. We analyze bias errors in the Kalman filter-based SoC estimation induced by errors of the battery model parameters, and develop a simultaneous recursive least squares filter to produce unbiased estimation of the battery parameters.
Effect of directed aging on nonlinear elasticity and memory formation in a material (2020)

Disordered solids often change their elastic response as they slowly age. Using experiments and simulations, we study how aging disordered planar networks under an applied stress affects their nonlinear elastic response. We are able to modify dramatically the elastic properties of our systems in the nonlinear regime. Using simulations, we study two models for the microscopic evolution of properties of such a material; the first considers changes in the material strength, while the second considers distortions in the microscopic geometry. Both models capture different aspects of the experiments including the encoding of memories of the aging history of the system and the dramatic effects on the material's nonlinear elastic properties. Our results demonstrate how aging can be used to create complex elastic behavior in the nonlinear regime.