gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Die ovarielle Suppression unter Diane 35/50® (1994)

In this study, hormone profiles were studied using Diane 35 and Diane 50 before and after treatment for 4-25 months. A comparison of the hormone profiles with Diane 35 or Diane 50 should investigate, if both preparations induce complete ovarian suppression, independent of the given dose of ethinyl oestradiol. 43 patients were treated with Diane 35 and 15 women with Diane 50 over a different lengths of time--up to a period of 25 cycles. Parallel to the determination of the hormone profiles (luteinising hormone [LH], follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], prolactin, oestrone [E1], oestradiol [E2], progesterone, total testosterone [T. T.], free testosterone [F. T.], dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate [DHEA-S], delta-4-androstenedione [A.] and sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG]), observations on the androgen symptoms before treatment and their course during therapy were made. Moreover, the ratios of LH/FSH and E1/E2 as well as the androgenic index, the ratio of total testosterone/SHBG were determined as control of treatment effects. The most important hormonal changes, which had been observed during a period up to two years are the following: --LH and FSH suppression--prolactin with increasing tendency--decrease of the total androgens and free testosterone-- decrease of the oestrogens E1, E2--increase of SHBG. The confirmation of the efficacy of the anti-androgen/oestrogen combination was reflected by the decline of the androgenic index in all groups. Acne and seborrhoe improved after 3-4 cycles; alopecia after 8-9 cycles and hirsutism diminished after 3 cycles of treatment. In spite of different doses of the combined preparations with 2 mg cyproteronacetate and 0.035 or 0.050 mg ethinyloestradiol, no difference in ovarian suppression as well clinical effects could be found.
Gas Injection for Enhancement of Condensate Recovery in a Gas Condensate Reservoir (2015)

Gas condensate reservoirs suffer losses in well productivity due to near wellbore condensate dropout when the flowing bottom-hole pressure declines below the dew point pressure. Pressure maintenance and gas cycling are the common practices used in the oil and gas field to alleviate this problem and develop gas condensate reservoirs. The injection of dry gas into a retrograde gas condensate reservoir helps in vaporizing the condensate and increases its dew point. This article investigates the situation of one of the reservoirs located in southern Iran in Zagros area. First, based on the reservoir composition, the phase diagram has been plotted. Peng–Robinson equation of state for the equilibrium calculations and Lee–Kesler characterization of heavy fractions are used in this software. After that the effect of nitrogen, pure methane, a composition of ethane and methane, and carbon dioxide injections on reservoir recovery has been investigated and compared to a natural depletion scheme. The full system, including two separators and a stock tank, are simulated simultaneously and the effect of each type of injection on the liquid and gas production is investigated. Full mixing has been assumed in all of the injections studied. By comparing between the results it is concluded that in an injection process, required injection rate to maintain reservoir pressure above dew point pressure and avoid liquid formation in the reservoir for pure methane, a composition of ethane and methane, pure nitrogen and carbon dioxide, and liquid recovery in all cases are investigated. According to the results, with increasing ethane mole percent in the injecting gas a lower injecting rate for the same liquid recovery is needed. Because with increasing heavy components mole percent in injecting gas, average molecular weight of injecting gas, and reservoir gas becomes closer and there will be a better mixing between them and, therefore, liquid recovery will be improved. Thus, a composition of ethane and methane with more ethane mole percent is better than others.
Opposing Functions of Classic and Novel IL-1 Family Members in Gut Health and Disease (2013)

In addition to their well-established role(s) in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal (GI)-related inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and inflammation-associated colorectal cancer (CRC), emerging evidence confirms the critical involvement of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokine family and their ligands in the maintenance of normal gut homeostasis. In fact, the paradigm that IBD occurs in two distinct phases is substantiated by the observation that classic IL-1 family members, such as IL-1, the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and IL-18, possess dichotomous functions depending on the phase of disease, as well as on their role in initiating vs. sustaining chronic gut inflammation. Another recently characterized IL-1 family member, IL-33, also possesses dual functions in the gut. IL-33 is upregulated in IBD and potently induces Th2 immune responses, while also amplifying Th1-mediated inflammation. Neutralization studies in acute colitis models, however, have yielded controversial results and recent reports suggest a protective role of IL-33 in epithelial regeneration and mucosal wound healing. Finally, although little is currently known regarding the potential contribution of IL-36 family members in GI inflammation/homeostasis, another IL-1 family member, IL-37, is emerging as a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine with the ability to down-regulate colitis. This new body of information has important translational implications for both the prevention and treatment of patients suffering from IBD and inflammation-associated CRC.
Parameters of Fricatives and Affricates in Russian Emotional Speech (2015)

The paper investigates the effect of emotive states on the characteristics of Russian fricatives and affricates. The experimental data come from RUSLANA, a database containing neutral utterances along with the ones that portray surprise, happiness, anger, sadness and fear. The paper focuses on the role of duration, energy and dynamic ranges in the expression of emotions at the segmental level. 1.
Pleistophora hyphessobryconis (Microsporidia) infecting zebrafish Danio rerio in research facilities (2010)

Zebrafish Danio rerio are important models for biomedical research, and thus, there is an increased concern about diseases afflicting them. Here we describe infections by Pleistophora hyphessobryconis (Microsporidia) in zebrafish from 3 laboratories. As reported in other aquarium fishes, affected zebrafish exhibited massive infections in the skeletal muscle, with no involvement of smooth or cardiac muscle. In addition, numerous spores within macrophages were observed in the visceral organs, including the ovaries. Transmission studies and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence comparisons confirmed that the parasite from zebrafish was P. hyphessobryconis as described from neon tetra Paracheirodon innesi. Ten 15 d old zebrafish were exposed to P. hyphessobryconis collected from 1 infected neon tetra, and 7 of 10 fish became infected. Comparison of P. hyphessobryconis small subunit rRNA gene sequence from neon tetra with that obtained from zebrafish was nearly identical, with < 1% difference. Given the severity of infections, P. hyphessobryconis should be added to the list of pathogens that should be avoided in zebrafish research facilities, and it would be prudent to avoid mixing zebrafish used in research with other aquarium fishes.
Use of Selected Surfactants To Reduce Dermal Toxicity of Insecticides (1988)

Microencapsulation has proven to be a useful technique to reduce the dermal toxicity of insecticides. However, often in order to reduce dermal toxicity to the extent desired, the rate of release from the microcapsules needs to be reduced to the point where insecticidal activity falls below an acceptable value. A class of surfactants has been discovered which when solubilized in the aqueous phase of an insecticide microcapsule dispersion can form a second barrier in addition to the microcapsule wall. It is speculated that this second barrier forms at the skin-water interface. By the addition of the surfactant the desired dermal toxicity reduction can then be achieved without lowering the release rate from the microcapsules to the extent where insecticidal activity falls below an acceptable value. An example will be shown where this dermal toxicity reduction technique is applied to a Dyfonate microcapsule dispersion.
Molecular Epidemiology for Vector Research on Leishmaniasis (2010)

Leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease caused by the genus Leishmania transmitted by female phlebotomine sand flies. Surveillance of the prevalence of Leishmania and responsive vector species in endemic and surrounding areas is important for predicting the risk and expansion of the disease. Molecular biological methods are now widely applied to epidemiological studies of infectious diseases including leishmaniasis. These techniques are used to detect natural infections of sand fly vectors with Leishmania protozoa and are becoming powerful tools due to their sensitivity and specificity. Recently, genetic analyses have been performed on sand fly species and genotyping using PCR-RFLP has been applied to the sand fly taxonomy. In addition, a molecular mass screening method has been established that enables both sand fly species and natural leishmanial infections to be identified simultaneously in hundreds of sand flies with limited effort. This paper reviews recent advances in the study of sand flies, vectors of leishmaniasis, using molecular biological approaches.
Genauigkeit der Computer-assistierten Volumetrie von Lungenrundherden. Vergleich der Messungen anhand von Datensätzen unterschiedlicher CT Scanner (Einzelschicht bis Mehrschicht-Spiral CT) (2006)

Ziele: Vergleich der Genauigkeit der Computer-assistierten Volumetrie (CAD) anhand von Phantomrundherden anhand von Datensätzen, die an unterschiedlichen CT Scannern generiert wurden, ausgehend vom Einzeilen-Spiral CT bis zum 64-Zeilen Mehrschicht-Spiral CT (MSCT). Methode: Ein Lungenphantom (QRM Inc., Möhrendorf, Deutschland), welches fünf verschiedene Kategorien von Rundherden enthält (intraparenchymal, Gefäß umscheidend, Gefäß berührend, Pleura aufliegend, Pleura berührend), wurde auf einem Einzeilen-Spiral CT (Somatom Emotion), 4-Zeilen MSCT (Somatom Volume Zoom), 16-Zeilen MSCT (Somatom Sensation 16) und 64-Zeilen MSCT (Somatom Sensation 64) gescannt. In jeder Kategorie befinden sich 7–9 Rundherde (gesamt n=40) von verschiedener Größe (3–10mm, 13.24 mm3–524.97 mm3). Es wurden jeweils Routineprotokolle angewandt mit Standard Dosis und möglichst geringer Kollimation (je nach Scannermöglichkeit). Die Daten wurden mit der geringsten möglichen Schichtdicke und entsprechender Überlappung rekonstruiert und mit einer Prototypen CAD Volumetrie Software (Siemens) ausgewertet. Alle Rundherdvolumina wurden automatisch bestimmt und miteinander verglichen. Ergebnis: Bei der Auswertung der Daten des Einzeilen-Spiral CT konnte die kleinste Kategorie der Rundherde wegen der zu großen Kollimation nicht ausgewertet werden. Der mittlere relative Volumenfehler betrug für die Einzeilen-Spiral CT 8.4% (SA 7.3%) für die 4-Zeilen MSCT 8.9% (SA 7.2%) für die 16-Zeilen MSCT 6.6% (SA 9.9%) und 7.4% (SA 8.3%) für die 64-Zeilen MSCT. Schlussfolgerung: Unter Berücksichtigung der Unterschiede der Bildrekonstruktion sowie geringer Unterschiede bei der Bildakquisition, bedingt durch die unterschiedliche CT-Technologie ist die Computer-assistierte Volumetrie technisch problemlos für alle Scannergenerationen durchführbar. Zwischen den verschiedenen Scannern gab es lediglich geringe Abweichungen. Dieses ist insbesondere für Verlaufskontrollen von hoher Bedeutung.
Chemical healing in partially cross‐linked polyamides (1987)

Abstract Evidence is presented for chemical healing—healing resulting from chemical reactions between neighboring macromolecules located at the interface surface—which has recently been reported in linear polycondensates. In order to distinguish the contribution of the solid‐state reaction from the healing effect, samples (nylon‐11, nylon‐12, and nylon‐6,6) with strongly restricted chain mobility (by crystallization and chemical cross‐linking in the amorphous zones) have been used. It has been found that under the same healing conditions the cross‐linked samples display better welding than the un‐cross‐linked ones. The conclusion is drawn that the observed healing effect is due mainly to the solid‐state chemical reactions at the contact surfaces and not to the diffusion of macromolecules. The results obtained can be considered as an indication of the existence of “chemically released diffusion” in the solid state, i.e., motion of chain segments owing to the interchain and/or intrachain chemical reactions, mainly of the exchange type.
To See or Not to See: A Systematic Review of the Importance of Human Ocular Surface Cytokine Biosignatures in Ocular Allergy (2019)

Cytokines are key cell signalling proteins in a number of immune and homeostatic pathways of the human body. In particular, they mediate intracellular mechanisms of allergy on the ocular surface by triggering cellular responses that result in typical physiological ocular allergy symptoms, such as itchiness, watery eyes, irritation, and swelling. Given the recent research focus in optometry on the aetiology of corneal ectasia subtypes like keratoconus, there is an increasing need for the development of new clinical diagnostic methods. An increasing trend is evident among recent publications in cytokine studies, whereby the concentrations of cytokines in healthy and disease states are compared to derive a specific cytokine profile for that disease referred to as 'biosignatures'. Biosignatures have diagnostic applications in ocular allergy as a cheap, non-invasive alternative to current techniques like IgE antibody testing and skin prick tests. Cytokine detection from tear samples collected via microcapillary flow can be analysed either by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), multiplex magnetic bead assays, or immunoblot assays. Characterising patient hypersensitivities through diagnostic tests is the first step to managing exposure to triggers. Investigating cytokine biosignatures in ocular allergy and their links to physiology are imperative and will be the focus of this systematic review article.
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Imatinib Mesylate in Patients With Advanced Malignancies and Varying Degrees of Renal Dysfunction: A Study by the National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group (2008)

Daily imatinib doses up to 800 or 600 mg were well tolerated by patients with mild and moderate renal dysfunction, respectively, despite their having increased imatinib exposure.
Effect of antimicrobial factors in human milk on rhinoviruses and milk-borne cytomegalovirus in vitro (2000)

Various antimicrobial factors present in human milk were tested for in-vitro antiviral activity against three rhinoviruses (two clinical isolates and rhinovirus 2) and an isolate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) from human milk. These factors included the gangliosides GM1, 2 and 3, sialyl-lactose, chondroitin sulphates A, B and C, prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha, monolaurin, vitamin A and the protein lactoferrin. All were tested for their ability to inhibit growth of the viruses in cell culture. Human milk was also tested for antiviral activity against these viruses. Only vitamin A, monolaurin and lactoferrin inhibited the growth of CMV, whereas both prostaglandins enhanced the growth of this virus at least four-fold. CMV infects infants from milk but, nevertheless, the milk-borne CMV isolate showed no special resistance to any of the antiviral factors tested. None of the compounds inhibited or enhanced the growth of the rhinoviruses. However, human milk decreased the growth of some of the rhinoviruses and specific secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) neutralised the virus.
B4 (2013)

We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of B4, a private WAN connecting Google's data centers across the planet. B4 has a number of unique characteristics: i) massive bandwidth requirements deployed to a modest number of sites, ii) elastic traffic demand that seeks to maximize average bandwidth, and iii) full control over the edge servers and network, which enables rate limiting and demand measurement at the edge. These characteristics led to a Software Defined Networking architecture using OpenFlow to control relatively simple switches built from merchant silicon. B4's centralized traffic engineering service drives links to near 100% utilization, while splitting application flows among multiple paths to balance capacity against application priority/demands. We describe experience with three years of B4 production deployment, lessons learned, and areas for future work.
Low expression of CD39 and CD73 genes in centenarians compared with octogenarians (2017)

Ageing involves a progressive decline of the body's regulatory systems including immune system. Adenosine regulates immune function by interaction with its receptors, mainly adenosine A2A receptor, present on the surface of immune cells. Furthermore, cellular response to this nucleoside is highly dependent on its extracellular concentration that is regulated by ecto-enzymes such as CD39 and CD73. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on adenosine A2A receptor, CD39 and CD73 gene expression. Changes in mRNA were measured by quantitative PCR from peripheral blood of young, middle-aged and older adults as well as centenarians. Centenarians showed a prominent decrease of CD39 and CD73 mRNA in comparison with older adults. Regarding to adenosine A2A receptor, we detected two subgroups of centenarians with high and low level of transcript. Additionally, adenosine A2A receptor mRNA level of centenarians, did not correlate with their cognitive impairment. In summary, our pilot study suggests that unlike of adenosine A2A receptor, the level of CD39 as well as CD73 mRNA could be a hallmark of successful human ageing.
Edible Bird’s Nest Prevents Menopause‐Related Memory and Cognitive Decline in Rats via Increased Hippocampal Sirtuin‐1 Expression (2017)

Menopause causes cognitive and memory dysfunction due to impaired neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) downregulation in the hippocampus is implicated in the underlying molecular mechanism. Edible bird's nest (EBN) is traditionally used to improve general wellbeing, and in this study, we evaluated its effects on SIRT1 expression in the hippocampus and implications on ovariectomy-induced memory and cognitive decline in rats. Ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with normal pellet alone or normal pellet + EBN (6, 3, or 1.5%), compared with estrogen therapy (0.2 mg/kg/day). After 12 weeks of intervention, Morris water maze (four-day trial and one probe trial) was conducted, and serum estrogen levels, toxicity markers (alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine), and hippocampal SIRT1 immunohistochemistry were estimated after sacrifice. The results indicated that EBN and estrogen enhanced spatial learning and memory and increased serum estrogen and hippocampal SIRT1 expression. In addition, the EBN groups did not show as much toxicity to the liver as the estrogen group. The data suggested that EBN treatment for 12 weeks could improve cognition and memory in ovariectomized female rats and may be an effective alternative to estrogen therapy for menopause-induced aging-related memory loss.
Analysis of the Success of Cavity Completions in the Fairway Zone of the San Juan Basin (1999)

Wells completed by the openhole cavity technique in the Fruitland formation of the fairway zone in the San Juan basin have demonstrated gas production rates nearly ten times greater than production rates from wells completed by fracturing in the same area, but expensive trial and error selection of wells to cavity complete outside the fairway and in other basins must be made. Data from numerous wells were obtained from four companies active in the basin. Five parameters namely in-situ stress, bottom-hole pressure, ash content, volatile matter, and depth to the top of the Fruitland coalseams were statistically ranked by their importance to the success of cavity completion techniques, and these five parameters were contoured using the
Sodium Guidestar Radiometry Results from the SOR's 50W Fasor (2006)

Having replaced our 20 W, 589 nm fasor (frequency-addition source of optical radiation) with a new fully computer automated 50 W fasor mounted to the azimuthal base of the 3.5m telescope, we have since produced a sodium laser guidestar (LGS) with a V1 magnitude of 5.1 for 30 W of fasor power in November 2005, when the annual peak in mesospheric sodium density occurs. This corresponds to a return flux at the top of the telescope of 7000 photons/s/cm through one airmass. Late in May 2006, however, a return of only 1340 ph/s/cm (V1=6.7) for 30 W of fasor power was obtained at the annual minimum in sodium column density. Earlier in the month, with 49 W of fasor power, the LGS was only as bright as V1=6.3 because of the minimum in column density. By measuring the LGS return flux in circular polarization from various altitudes and azimuths, we have detected the presence of the Earth's magnetic field, for the first time ever, as an enhancement in flux from the direction where the field lines are pointing at the SOR. We then give a formulation to predict the brightness of the LGS as a function of direction and time of year. While saturation is now being seen for linear polarization, we have seen little, if any, saturation for circular polarization at higher fasor powers, and circular produces more than twice the return of linear because of optical pumping. Finally, we have succeeded in closing the adaptive optics loop on this very bright LGS, resolving a 0.14 binary star in June 2006.
Transforming GIS Data into Functional Road Models for Large-Scale Traffic Simulation (2011)

There exists a vast amount of geographic information system (GIS) data that model road networks around the world as polylines with attributes. In this form, the data are insufficient for applications such as simulation and 3D visualization-tools which will grow in power and demand as sensor data become more pervasive and as governments try to optimize their existing physical infrastructure. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for enhancing a road map from a GIS database to create a geometrically and topologically consistent 3D model to be used in real-time traffic simulation, interactive visualization of virtual worlds, and autonomous vehicle navigation. The resulting representation provides important road features for traffic simulations, including ramps, highways, overpasses, legal merge zones, and intersections with arbitrary states, and it is independent of the simulation methodologies. We test the 3D models of road networks generated by our algorithm on real-time traffic simulation using both macroscopic and microscopic techniques.
A Review: Phytochemicals Targeting JAK/STAT Signaling and IDO Expression in Cancer (2015)

Cancer remains a major health problem worldwide. Among many other factors, two regulatory defects that are present in most cancer cells are constitutive activation of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway and the induction of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that catalyzes tryptophan degradation, through JAK/STAT signaling. Cytokine signaling activates STAT proteins in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival through modulation of target genes. Many phytochemicals can inhibit both JAK/STAT signaling and IDO expression in antigen-presenting cells by targeting different pathways. Some of the promising phytochemicals that are discussed in this review include resveratrol, cucurbitacin, curcumin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, and others. It is now evident that phytochemicals play key roles in inhibition of tumor proliferation and development and provide novel means for therapeutic targeting of cancer.