gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of N,N-Dimethylacrylamide (1999)

The polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) under atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) conditions was studied. The ligand, solvent (water, n-butanol, and toluene), initiator, and Cu halide were varied. High monomer conversions were obtained using the Me4Cyclam ligand. Polymerizations in water that were initiated at room temperature were complete within minutes. However, none of the experimental conditions produced a controlled polymerization. This conclusion is based on broad molecular weight distributions, poor agreement between theoretical and experimental Mn, incremental monomer addition experiments, and end group analysis. We believe that the Cu salts complex to the amide group of the chain ends and stabilize the radical. This stabilization retards the deactivation step in ATRP and produces an unacceptably high concentration of radicals which leads to spontaneous termination reactions. In addition, we have indirect evidence for a cyclization reaction involving nucleophilic Br displacement by the penultimate amide nitrogen; this cyclic onium intermediate undergoes hydrolysis to form a hydroxy-terminated polymer.
LSSP-PCR of Trypanosoma cruzi: how the single primer sequence affects the kDNA signature (2013)

These results highlight the necessity of careful preservation of primer nomenclature and sequence when reproducing an LSSP-PCR work to avoid confusion and allow comparison of results among different laboratories.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Intramuscular Ziprasidone in Healthy Volunteers (2005)

Little has been published regarding the pharmacokinetics of the intramuscular (IM) formulation of Ziprasidone. The authors report results from 2 early phase I studies in healthy volunteers: a trial of single 5-, 10-, or 20-mg IM doses of ziprasidone in 24 subjects and an open-label 3-way crossover trial of 5-mg intravenous (IV), 5-mg IM, and 20-mg oral ziprasidone in 12 subjects. Absorption of IM ziprasidone was rapid (Tmax < 1 hour). The IM pharmacokinetic profile was consistent between studies and linear, with dose-related increases in exposure observed. The mean IM elimination t(1/2) was short and approximately 2.5 hours. The mean bioavailability for the 5-mg IM ziprasidone dose was approximately 100%. Adverse events were generally mild to moderate, and no subjects were discontinued from the study. No significant effects on renal function or other laboratory values were noted. These results support the use of IM ziprasidone in treating acutely agitated patients with schizophrenia.
Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems. Part CLXXV. Evidence against electron impact-induced alkyl shifts in the mass spectra of α-hydroxy-ketones (1969)

Recently the mass spectra of simple α-hydroxy-ketones were reported to contain peaks arising from isomeric ketols attributed to electron impact-induced 1,2-alkyl migrations. These peaks have now been shown to be an artifact of thermal rearrangements in the inlet systems. The mass spectra of simple tertiary ketols from A.E.I. model MS-9 and Finnigan model 1015 mass spectrometers are compared and contrasted.
Ultrafast laser processing of transparent materials supported by in-situ diagnostics (2021)

For the development of industrial NIR ultrafast laser processing of transparent materials, the absorption inside the bulk material has to be controlled. Applications we aim for are front and rear side ablation, drilling and inscription of modifications for cleaving and selective laser etching of glass and sapphire in sheet geometry. We applied pump probe technology and in situ stress birefringence microscopy for fundamental studies on the influence of energy and duration (100 fs – 20 ps), temporal and spatial spacing, focusing and beam shaping of the laser pulses. Applying pump probe technique we are able to visualize differences of spatio-temporal build up of absorption, self focusing, shock wave generation for standard, multispot and beam shaped focusing. Incubation effects and disturbance of beam propagation due to modifications or ablation can be observed. In-situ imaging of stress birefringence gained insight in transient build up of stress with and without translation. The results achieved so far, demonstrate that transient stress has to be taken into account in scaling the laser machining throughput of brittle materials. Furthermore it points out that transient stress birefringence is a good indicator for accumulation effects, supporting tailored processing strategies.Cutting results achieved for selective laser etching by single pass laser modification exemplifies the benefits of process development supported by in situ diagnostics.
Supplementary Methods from Functional Characterization of Brain Tumor-Initiating Cells and Establishment of GBM Preclinical Models that Incorporate Heterogeneity, Therapy, and Sex Differences (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Silicon-on-Insulator Photoconducting Mesas for High-Speed Detection of Laser Speckle Motion (2009)

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photoconductor structures show promise in making real-time laser speckle monitoring useful for high-speed applications, such as acoustic and ultrasonic surface vibration detection. For small detection areas below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ¿m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and at low optical intensities, the internal gain mechanism of these mesa structures can provide better SNR ratios than similarly sized photodiodes while still operating in the megahertz regime. Small-area detectors, in turn, improve the sensitivity of speckle monitoring systems, suggesting that these simply constructed SOI photoconducting mesas are a good choice of detector element for high-speed speckle monitoring applications.
Compact power-efficient CMOS exponential voltage-to-voltage converter (2006)

In this paper, a novel low-voltage low-power implementation of an exponential voltage-to-voltage converter (EVVC) is presented. It is based on a pseudo-exponential approximation whose terms are easily achieved by the nonlinear currents of a class-AB transconductor. The circuit is able to operate correctly for supply voltages as low as V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> + 2V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DSsat</sub> . Simulation results in a 0.5mum CMOS technology show a 47 dB output voltage range with linearity error less than plusmn0.5dB at plusmn1.5 V supply voltage. The power dissipation is less than 100muW
Chiral tether-mediated stabilization and helix-sense control of complementary metallo-double helices (2014)

A series of novel Pt<sup>II</sup>-linked double helices were prepared by inter- or intrastrand ligand-exchange reactions of the complementary duplexes composed of chiral or achiral amidine dimer and achiral carboxylic acid dimer strands joined by <i>trans</i>-Pt<sup>II</sup>-acetylide complexes with PPh<sub>3</sub> ligands using chiral and achiral chelating diphosphines. The structure and stability of the Pt<sup>II</sup>-linked double helices were highly dependent on the diphosphine structures. An interstrand ligand exchange took place with chiral and achiral 1,3-diphosphine-based ligands, resulting in <i>trans</i>-Pt<sup>II</sup>-bridged double helices, whose helical structures were quite stable even in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) due to the interstrand cross-link, whereas a 1,2-diphosphine-based ligand produced non-cross-linked <i>cis</i>-Pt<sup>II</sup>-linked duplexes, resulting from an intrastrand ligand-exchange that readily dissociated into single strands in DMSO. When enantiopure 1,3-diphosphine-based ligands were used, the resulting <i>trans</i>-Pt<sup>II</sup>-bridged double helices adopted a preferred-handed helical sense biased by the chirality of the bridged diphosphines. Interestingly, the interstrand ligand exchange with racemic 1,3-diphosphine toward an optically-active Pt<sup>II</sup>-linked duplex, composed of chiral amidine and achiral carboxylic acid strands, was found to proceed in a diastereoselective manner, thus forming complete homochiral <i>trans</i>-Pt<sup>II</sup>-bridged double helices <i>via</i> a unique chiral self-sorting.
Mass Spectrometry Proteotyping-Based Detection and Identification of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans in Blood (2021)

Bloodstream infections (BSIs), the presence of microorganisms in blood, are potentially serious conditions that can quickly develop into sepsis and life-threatening situations. When assessing proper treatment, rapid diagnosis is the key; besides clinical judgement performed by attending physicians, supporting microbiological tests typically are performed, often requiring microbial isolation and culturing steps, which increases the time required for confirming positive cases of BSI. The additional waiting time forces physicians to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics and empirically based treatments, before determining the precise cause of the disease. Thus, alternative and more rapid cultivation-independent methods are needed to improve clinical diagnostics, supporting prompt and accurate treatment and reducing the development of antibiotic resistance. In this study, a culture-independent workflow for pathogen detection and identification in blood samples was developed, using peptide biomarkers and applying bottom-up proteomics analyses, i.e., so-called "proteotyping". To demonstrate the feasibility of detection of blood infectious pathogens, using proteotyping, <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> were included in the study, as the most prominent bacterial causes of bacteremia and sepsis, as well as <i>Candida albicans</i>, one of the most prominent causes of fungemia. Model systems including spiked negative blood samples, as well as positive blood cultures, without further culturing steps, were investigated. Furthermore, an experiment designed to determine the incubation time needed for correct identification of the infectious pathogens in blood cultures was performed. The results for the spiked negative blood samples showed that proteotyping was 100- to 1,000-fold more sensitive, in comparison with the MALDI-TOF MS-based approach. Furthermore, in the analyses of ten positive blood cultures each of <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>, both the MALDI-TOF MS-based and proteotyping approaches were successful in the identification of <i>E. coli</i>, although only proteotyping could identify <i>S. aureus</i> correctly in all samples. Compared with the MALDI-TOF MS-based approaches, shotgun proteotyping demonstrated higher sensitivity and accuracy, and required significantly shorter incubation time before detection and identification of the correct pathogen could be accomplished.
Communication architectures and algorithms for media mixing in multimedia conferences (1993)

The problem of media mixing that arises in teleconferencing applications such as teleorchestra is addressed. The mixing algorithm presented minimizes the difference between generation times of the media packets that are being mixed together in the absence of globally synchronized clocks, but in the presence of jitter in communication delays on packet switched networks. In order to support applications, such as teleorchestra, that involve a large number of participants, hierarchical mixing architectures are proposed, and it is shown that they are an order of magnitude more scalable than purely centralized or distributed architectures. Furthermore, mechanisms for minimizing the delays incurred by mixing in various communication architectures are presented. The mixing algorithms are implemented on a network of workstations connected by Ethernets, and the performance of various mixing architectures is experimentally evaluated. The results reveal the maximum number of participants that can be supported in a conference.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cardenolides and cancer (2001)

University of Uppsala, 75327 Uppsala, Sweden. Correspondence to B Stenkvist, Döbelnsgatan 13, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden. Tel/Fax: (+46) 18 541651; e-mail: [email protected]
Global organization of replication time zones of the mouse genome (2008)

The division of genomes into distinct replication time zones has long been established. However, an in-depth understanding of their organization and their relationship to transcription is incomplete. Taking advantage of a novel synchronization method ("baby machine") and of genomic DNA microarrays, we have, for the first time, mapped replication times of the entire mouse genome at a high temporal resolution. Our data revealed that although most of the genome has a distinct time of replication either early, middle, or late S phase, a significant portion of the genome is replicated asynchronously. Analysis of the replication map revealed the genomic scale organization of the replication time zones. We found that the genomic regions between early and late replication time zones often consist of extremely large replicons. Analysis of the relationship between replication and transcription revealed that early replication is frequently correlated with the transcription potential of a gene and not necessarily with its actual transcriptional activity. These findings, along with the strong conservation found between replication timing in human and mouse genomes, emphasize the importance of replication timing in transcription regulation.
A Second-Order Magnetic Optical Achromat (1979)

A design procedure is given for the elimination of all of the second-order transverse geometric and chromatic aberrations in a particular class of staticmagnetic transport systems for charged-particle beams.
Novel Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyrazolines and Pyrazoles by Triphenylphosphine-Mediated Reaction of Dialkyl Azodicarboxylate with Allenic Esters (2006)

[reaction: see text] Reaction of the Huisgen zwitterion, derived from triphenylphosphine and dialkyl azodicarboxylate, with allenic esters affords highly functionalized pyrazolines and pyrazoles. The crystal structure of pyrazoline derivative 7a showed extensive C-H...O interactions. Pyrazole formation proceeds via a novel nitrogen to carbon migration of the carboalkoxy group.
Oxotremorine treatment reduces repetitive behaviors in BTBR T+ tf/J mice (2014)

Repetitive behaviors with restricted interests is one of the core criteria for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Current pharmacotherapies that target the dopaminergic or serotonergic systems have limited effectiveness in treating repetitive behaviors. Previous research has demonstrated that administration of muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mAChR) antagonists can exacerbate motor stereotypies while mAChR agonists reduce stereotypies. The present study determined whether the mAChR agonist, oxotremorine affected repetitive behaviors in the BTBR T+ tf/J (BTBR) mouse model of autism. To test the effects of oxotremorine on repetitive behaviors, marble burying and grooming behavior were measured in BTBR mice and compared to that in C57BL/6J (B6) mice. The effects of oxotremorine on locomotor activity was also measured. Thirty minutes before each test, mice received an intraperitoneal (ip) injection of saline, 0.001 mg or 0.01 mg of oxotremorine methiodide. Saline- treated BTBR mice exhibited increased marble burying and self-grooming behavior compared to that of saline-treated B6 mice. Oxotremorine significantly reduced marble burying and self-grooming behavior in BTBR mice, but had no significant effect in B6 mice. In addition, oxotremorine did not affect locomotor activity in BTBR mice, but significantly reduced locomotor activity in B6 mice at the 0.01 mg dose. These findings demonstrate that activation of mAChRs reduces repetitive behavior in the BTBR mouse and suggest that treatment with a mAChR agonist may be effective in reducing repetitive behaviors in ASD.
Multi-resonant optical parametric oscillator based on 2D-PPLT nonlinear photonic crystals (2014)

The aim behind this work is to achieve a multiresonant optical parametric oscillator based on two dimensional periodically poled crystals, designed to allow multiple wavelength generation. Two dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals are characterized by multiple reciprocal lattice vectors contribution to the quasi-phase matching scheme. We are particularly interested by the multi-wavelength parametric generation to achieve a multi-resonance optical parametric oscillator. The performances the optical parametric oscillator are studied in terms of generation efficiency and multi-wavelength generation.
In vivo effects of RGD‐coated titanium implants inserted in two bone‐gap models (2005)

RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) coating has been suggested to enhance implant fixation by facilitating the adhesion of osteogenic cells to implant surfaces. Orthopedic implants are unavoidably surrounded partly by gaps, and these regions represent a challenging environment for osseointegration. We examined the effects of cyclic RGD-coated implants on tissue integration and implant fixation in two cancellous bone-gap models. In canines, we inserted loaded RGD-coated implants with 0.75-mm gap (n = 8) and unloaded RGD-coated implants with 1.5-mm gap (n = 8) into the distal femur and proximal tibia, respectively. Control gap implants without RGD were inserted contralaterally. The titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) implants were plasma sprayed and cylindrical. The observation period was 4 weeks and the fixation was evaluated by push-out test and histomorphometry. Mechanical implant fixation was improved for RGD-coated implants. Unloaded RGD-coated implants showed a significant increase in bone whereas both loaded and unloaded implants showed a significant reduction in fibrous tissue anchorage. The results are encouraging, because RGD had an overall positive effect on the fixation of titanium implants in regions where gaps exist with the surrounding bone. RGD peptide coatings can potentially be used to enhance tissue integration in these challenging environments.
Relationship between Fruit Weight and Seed Content in the Tomato (1975)

Relationship between fruit weight and seed content within and among varieties in the tomato fruit was studied by two variety tests in order to clarify how environmental condition or tomato breeding influences on the relationship between these two characters.Within-variety correlation and within-variety regression between the two characters were about 0.60 and 0.95 in the average of variety and experiment, respectively, but the within-variety correlations and regressions showed considerably large. variations among varieties near to the significant level. From these results it was inferred that on the whole there was positive correlation between fruit weight and seed content within variety, and hence environmental conditions positively affected the two characters and caused the increase of one accompanied with that of the other. Furthermore, it was also inferred that there was varietal difference, namely, genotypic difference among the degrees of the association expressed by correlation and the directions of the association expressed by regression.Subsequently, phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlation were estimated from the analyses of variance and covariance in order to examine the relationship between the two characters among varieties. From the phenotypic correlations it was also confirmed that environmental conditions could produce positive correlation between thee two characters. On the other hand, genotypic correlation was about 0.60 in the average of experiment. The genotypic correlations were considered to be statistically significant. This suggests that the direct improvement of fruit weight by tomato breeding has been accompanied with the indirect increase of seed content and various types of varieties have been differentiated, some developing heavy fruits with fewer seeds, while others producing plenty of seeds in smaller fruits.High heritability values were obtained in both the characters.
Learning Features from Large-Scale, Noisy and Social Image-Tag Collection (2015)

Feature representation for multimedia content is the key to the progress of many fundamental multimedia tasks. Although recent advances in deep feature learning offer a promising route towards these tasks, they are limited in application to domains where high-quality and large-scale training data are hard to obtain. In this paper, we propose a novel deep feature learning paradigm based on large, noisy and social image-tag collections, which can be acquired from the inexhaustible social multimedia content on the Web. Instead of learning features from high-quality image-label supervision, we propose to learn from the image-word semantic relations, in a way of seeking a unified image-word embedding space, where the pairwise feature similarities preserve the semantic relations in the original image-word pairs. We offer an easy-to-use implementation for the proposed paradigm, which is fast and compatible for integrating into any state-of-the-art deep architectures. Experiments on NUSWIDE benchmark demonstrate that the features learned by our method significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art ones.
Hydrocarbon Oxidation at High Temperatures (1983)

Abstract The detailed knowledge of combustion mechanisms is important, for example for the control of (kinetically determined) pollutant formation (e.g. NO, hydrocarbons, soot), for ignition problems, or for the extrapolation to technologically important but experimentally inaccessible condition. – In this review it is described how by suitable separation and elimination of unimportant reactions a mechanism is developed with the aid of the present kinetic data for the elementary reactions involved. This mechanism explains, without fitting, the currently available experimental results for laminar premixed flames of alkanes, alkenes and acetylene (flame velocity and structure of free flames, concentration and temperature profiles in burner‐stabilized flames). These experimental results are simulated by the solution of the corresponding conservation equations with suitable models describing diffusion and heat conduction in the multicomponent mixture considered. – In lean and moderately rich flames the hydrocarbon is attacked by O, H, and OH in the first step. These radicals are produced by the chain‐branching steps of the oxyhydrogen reaction. The alkyl radicals formed in this way always decompose to smaller alkyl radicals by fast thermal elimination of alkenes. Only the relatively slow thermal decomposition of the smallest alkyl radicals (CH 3 and C 2 H 5 ) competes with recombination and with oxidation reactions by O atoms and O 2 . This part of the mechanism is rate‐controlling in the combustion of alkanes and alkenes, and is therefore the reason for the similarity of all alkane and alkene flames. – In rich flames of aliphatic fuels, acetylene becomes a very important intermediate leading to soot precursors and to Non‐Zeldovich‐NO. Details of the reaction mechanisms are not yet known.
Pulsed plasma microthruster propulsion system for synchronous orbit satellite (1970)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Fanout periodic poling of BaMgF4 crystals (2023)

The angle-dependent poling properties of 0.5-mm-thick BaMgF 4 (BMF) crystals are investigated by means of calligraphically poled, radially oriented domains. We present a fanout periodic poling pattern for quasi-phase matching (QPM) applications, which covers an angular spectrum of about 14°. Within this range there is no angle-dependent degradation of the domain quality. This is the first realization of non-parallel domains for QPM in BMF-crystals.