gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual inspection of sea bottom structures by an autonomous underwater vehicle (2001)

This paper describes a vision-based system for inspections of underwater structures, e.g., pipelines, cables, etc., by an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). Usually underwater inspections are performed by remote operated vehicles (ROVs) driven by human operators placed in a support vessel. However, this task is often challenging, especially in conditions of poor visibility or in presence of strong currents. The system proposed allows the AUV to accomplish the task in autonomy. Moreover, the use of a three-dimensional (3-D) model of the environment and of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) allows the guidance and the control of the vehicle in real time. Experiments done on real underwater images have demonstrated the validity of the proposed method and its efficiency in the case of critical and complex situations.
HHV‐6‐related secondary graft failure following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (1999)

We report the case of an 11-year-old boy who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Despite adequate engraftment, on day 45 he developed marrow aplasia with haemophagocytosis. HHV-6 was detected in blood and bone marrow by nested PCR. Retrospective testing showed that viraemia had started on day 24. Following therapy with foscarnet and ganciclovir, viral load declined to undetectable levels and his donor marrow recovered contemporaneously. This case suggests that HHV-6 may be a treatable cause of graft failure following BMT and provides clinical and virological evidence for the anti-HHV-6 activity of ganciclovir and foscarnet.
Frequency-Domain Analysis of the Static Synchronous Series Compensator (2005)

This paper presents an analytical formulation of the frequency-domain characteristics of the static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). This paper investigates the characteristics of using two different types of SSSC controllers-one with quadrature voltage regulation (V/sub q/-controlled SSSC) and another with impedance regulation (X/sub q/-controlled SSSC). The influence of the controller parameters on the characteristics is investigated and it is demonstrated that an SSSC-compensated transmission line displays an impedance minimum at a subsynchronous frequency similar to a capacitively compensated transmission line. The analytical results are validated with the results obtained by time-domain simulations.
A tool for decomposing 3D discrete objects (2005)

We suggest a tool to decompose 3D discrete objects into simpler parts. Decomposition is guided by object thickness and is based on region growing. Region growing starts from a set of seeds suitably identified in the innermost regions of the object. Our tool originates a decomposition into nearly convex and elongated parts. The decomposition is not affected remarkably by object rotation and has a limited computational cost. Since different recent imaging techniques give easier and cheaper access to 3D images, it is likely to believe that voxel-based decomposition tools, like the one here introduced, are of interest for future applications.
Real-time scanning Hall probe microscopy (1996)

We describe a low-noise scanning Hall probe microscope having unprecedented magnetic field sensitivity (∼2.9×10−8 T/√Hz at 77 K), high spatial resolution, (∼0.85 μm), and operating in real-time (∼1 frame/s) for studying flux profiles at surfaces. A submicron Hall probe manufactured in a GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is scanned over the sample to measure the surface magnetic fields using conventional scanning tunneling microscopy positioning techniques. Flux penetration into a high Tc YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin film has been observed in real time at 85 K with single vortex resolution. Flux is seen to enter the film in the form of vortex bundles as well as single flux quanta, Φ0.
Ray-tracing study on the post-scanner variable beam expansion optics in a two-photon microscopy system (2012)

Due to the low signal levels typical of two-photon microscopy (TPM) in biological samples, optical design optimization is critical. One of the most important factors is overfilling of the back aperture of the objective lens. A variable beam expander is commonly placed before the scanning mirrors to achieve this goal, however, this may cause degradation of image quality due to increased dispersion. Additionally, scanning mirror size restricts the degree of expansion, which often prevents the overfilling of objective lens back aperture. We investigated the implementation of variable beam expansion optics after the scanning mirrors. Ray-tracing analyses confirmed that the post-scanner beam expansion has two key advantages over the conventional pre-scanner beam expansion approach: decreasing the number of optical elements reduces pulse dispersion and reducing the size of the scanning mirror enables faster scanning. Resolution and aberration of a TPM with post-scanner beam expansion optics were analysed.
Breast Cancer Biomarkers Based on Nipple and Fine Needle Aspirates (2004)

Abstract : The recent progress in defining the early premalignant phases of breast cancer has made primary prevention a real possibility. Women with a familial risk of breast cancer are a particularly good population to target for chemopreventive approaches to reduce breast cancer incidence because of their significantly increased risk and their significantly earlier age of onset of the disease. The increased risk for both initial and contralateral breast cancer associated with a family history is two- to four-fold (1). Women who are carriers of a mutation in the BR CAl or BRCA2 genes may have a lifetime risk of breast cancer as high as 85% (2-4). Furthermore, women who are BR CAl mutation carriers are more likely to develop tumors that are estrogen and progesterone receptor negative and are less likely to benefit from Tamoxifen as a chemopreventive agent (5,6). Preliminary studies performed in our laboratory have capitalized on the protective effect of pregnancy reported both in women (7-9) and in experimental studies (10-13). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a glycoprotein hormone secreted early in pregnancy by the: developing embryo, has been suggested as one source of protection associated with pregnancy (14-16). Suppression of mammary carcinogenesis similar to, or even more efficient than that induced by pregnancy has been achieved by treatment of young virgin rats with hCG, given as daily intraperitoneal injections for 21 days, a time that in the rat model is equivalent to the length of a full term pregnancy (14-17). Other studies, funded through non-DOD sources (see below) have further demonstrated that hCG treatment of rats previously exposed to DMBA inhibits the progression of preneoplastic lesions, such as intraductal proliferations and carcinomas in situ (17-20).
Borehole Imager Provides Valuable Data in Oil-Base Muds (2001)

Technology Update - No abstract available.
Differential O- and Glycosphingolipid Glycosylation in Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells With Opposite Morphology and Metastatic Behavior (2020)

Changes in the glycosylation profile of cancer cells have been strongly associated with cancer progression. To increase our insights into the role of glycosylation in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we performed a study on <i>O</i>-glycans and glycosphingolipid (GSL) glycans of the PDAC cell lines Pa-Tu-8988T (PaTu-T) and Pa-Tu-8988S (PaTu-S). These cell lines are derived from the same patient, but show an almost opposite phenotype, morphology and capacity to metastasize, and may thus provide an attractive model to study the role of glycosylation in progression of PDAC. Gene-array analysis revealed that 24% of the glycosylation-related genes showed a ≥ 1.5-fold difference in expression level between the two cell lines. Subsequent validation of the data by porous graphitized carbon nano-liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem ion trap mass spectrometry and flow cytometry established major differences in <i>O</i>-glycans and GSL-glycans between the cell lines, including lower levels of T and sialylated Tn (sTn) antigens, neoexpression of globosides (Gb3 and Gb4), and higher levels of gangliosides in the mesenchymal-like PaTu-T cells compared to the epithelial-like PaTu-S. In addition, PaTu-S cells demonstrated a significantly higher binding of the immune-lectins macrophage galactose-type lectin and galectin-4 compared to PaTu-T. In summary, our data provide a comprehensive and differential glycan profile of two PDAC cell lines with disparate phenotypes and metastatic behavior. This will allow approaches to modulate and monitor the glycosylation of these PDAC cell lines, which opens up avenues to study the biology and metastatic behavior of PDAC.
Reactivity and inhibitor potential of hydroxycitrate isomers with citrate synthase, citrate lyase, and ATP citrate lyase. (1977)

The four isomers of hydroxycitrate have been tested as substrates and inhibitors for citrate synthase, citrate lyase, and ATP citrate lyase. None of the isomers served as a substrate for citrate synthase and they were moderate to weak inhibitors of this reaction. Of the four isomers, only (pncit)-(2S)-2-hydroxycitrate did not serve as a substrate for citrate lyase while (pncit)-(4S)-4-hydroxycitrate was the only isomer which did not serve as a substrate for ATP citrate lyase. No consistent pattern of reactivity or inhibitor potency was seen with the different isomeric hydroxycitrates. It is proposed that more than one mode of binding is possible between the isomers and the three different active sites.
New Coordination Modes of Substituted Benzohydroxamic Acid with Dialkyltin(IV): Structural Diversity through Ligand Isomerization (2006)

Abstract When R 2 SnCl 2 (R = Me, n Bu) reacted with substituted benzohydroxamic acid (substituent = 4‐F; 2,4‐Cl 2 ; 2,5‐F 2 ) and potassium hydroxide in aqueous methanol solution, two types of condensation products could be obtained, depending on the molar ratio R 2 SnCl 2 /RCONHOH/KOH. When a 1:1:2 molar ratio was used, 1:1 alkyltin hydroxamates {( n ‐C 4 H 9 ) 2 Sn[4‐FC 6 H 4 C(O)NO]} n ( 1 ) and {(CH 3 ) 2 Sn[2,5‐F 2 C 6 H 3 C(O)NO]} n ( 2 ) were formed. When a 1:2:2 ratio was used, another two unexpected 2:3 alkyltin hydroxamates, {(CH 3 ) 4 Sn 2 [(2,4‐Cl 2 C 6 H 3 C(O)NHO) 2 ][2,4‐Cl 2 C 6 H 3 C(O)NO]} n ( 3 ) and {( n ‐C 4 H 9 ) 4 Sn 2 [(4‐FC 6 H 4 C(O)NHO) 2 ][4‐FC 6 H 4 C(O)NO]} n ( 4 ), were obtained. All these complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1 H, 13 C, 119 Sn NMR spectra and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The results indicated overall ( Z )‐iminol coordination mode in the hydroximic tautomeric form for 1 and 2 , and keto‐iminol mixed‐coordination mode including both in ( Z )‐hydroxamic and ‐hydroximic tautomeric forms for 3 and 4 . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Improved Visualization of the Choroidal Circulation With Indocyanine Green Angiography (1993)

Imaging of the angioarchitecture of normal and abnormal choriocapillaris such as choroidal neovascularization has been a difficult task. Fluorescein angiography cannot delineate the choroidal circulation behind the relatively opaque retinal pigment epithelium. In recent years, imaging of the choroidal circulation immediately following intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG) has been an innovative method to explore the choroidal circulation.1,2However, weak fluorescence of ICG and poor understanding of the binding property of the dye with human serum proteins have resulted in poor imaging of the choriocapillaris. We recently observed that the binding of ICG with human serum albumin (HSA) took 600 seconds to reach equilibrium and that the ICG-HSA complex was highly fluorescent at near-infrared wavelength. Based on this observation, we performed angiography with the dye dissolved in autologous serum prior to intravenous injection to take advantage of the highly fluorescent property of the ICG-HSA complex. This method provided us
Papillomas and carcinomas of the choroid plexus in children (1998)

Total surgical excision is curative in cases of papillomas. For carcinomas, the most effective treatment remains total surgical excision; however, adjuvant treatment in the form of chemotherapy in patients younger than age 3 years, supplemented by radiation therapy in older children, can moderately reduce the risk of recurrence.
Multipath-based Localization and Tracking considering Off-Body Channel Effects (2021)

This paper deals with multipath-based positioning and tracking in off-body channels. An analysis of the effects introduced by the human body and the implications on positioning and tracking is presented based on channel measurements obtained in an indoor scenario. It shows the influence of the radio signal bandwidth on the human body induced field of view (FOV) and the number of multipath components (MPCs) detected and estimated by a deterministic maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm. A multipath-based positioning and tracking algorithm is proposed that associates these estimated MPC parameters with floor plan features and exploits a human body-dependent FOV function. The proposed algorithm is able to provide accurate position estimates even for an off-body radio channel in a multipath-prone environment with the signal bandwidth found to be a limiting factor.
Adapted single-cell consensus clustering (adaSC3) (2020)

Abstract The analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data is of great importance in health research. It challenges data scientists, but has enormous potential in the context of personalized medicine. The clustering of single cells aims to detect different subgroups of cell populations within a patient in a data-driven manner. Some comparison studies denote single-cell consensus clustering (SC3), proposed by Kiselev et al. (Nat Methods 14(5):483–486, 2017), as the best method for classifying single-cell RNA sequencing data. SC3 includes Laplacian eigenmaps and a principal component analysis (PCA). Our proposal of unsupervised adapted single-cell consensus clustering (adaSC3) suggests to replace the linear PCA by diffusion maps, a non-linear method that takes the transition of single cells into account. We investigate the performance of adaSC 3 in terms of accuracy on the data sets of the original source of SC3 as well as in a simulation study. A comparison of adaSC 3 with SC3 as well as with related algorithms based on further alternative dimension reduction techniques shows a quite convincing behavior of adaSC 3.
Two novel organic–inorganic hybrid materials from tetrachloridometallate(II) salts and 4-[(E)-2-(pyridin-1-ium-2-yl)ethenyl]pyridinium (2014)

Two organic-inorganic hybrid compounds have been prepared by the combination of the 4-[(E)-2-(pyridin-1-ium-2-yl)ethenyl]pyridinium cation with perhalometallate anions to give 4-[(E)-2-(pyridin-1-ium-2-yl)ethenyl]pyridinium tetrachloridocobaltate(II), (C12H12N2)[CoCl4], (I), and 4-[(E)-2-(pyridin-1-ium-2-yl)ethenyl]pyridinium tetrachloridozincate(II), (C12H12N2)[ZnCl4], (II). The compounds have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, showing the formation of a three-dimensional network through X-H...ClnM(-) (X = C, N(+); n = 1, 2; M = Co(II), Zn(II)) hydrogen-bonding interactions and π-π stacking interactions. The title compounds were also characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
In Situ Production of Spherical Silica Particles Containing Self-Organized Mesopores (2001)

A spray drying method was used to produce a silica powder that contained ordered mesopores. A colloidal mixture of silica nanoparticles and polystyrene latex nanoparticles was mixed and sprayed as droplets into a vertical reactor that contained two temperature zones. The solvent in the droplets was evaporated at the front part of the reactor to produce a powder composite consisting of silica and PS nanoparticles. The PS nanoparticles in the powder were evaporated in the back portion of the reactor to produce a silica powder consisting of mesopores. The mesopores was observed to be arranged into a hexagonal packing, indicating the self-organization process occurred spontaneously during the solvent evaporation. The entire process was completed in only several seconds, which is contrary to currently available methods that require several hours or up to several days to complete this self-organization process.
Modeling of Carbon Black Fragmentation During High‐Intensity Dry Mixing Using the Population Balance Equation and the Discrete Element Method (2022)

A complex interaction between the process design and the properties of carbon black (CB) during dry mixing of cathode material influences the microstructure and thus the performance of the Li‐ion battery. The description of these interactions by means of a coupling of the mixing process simulation and the fragmentation of CB is the focus of this work. The discrete element method provides information about the frequency and intensity of the stress. The change of the CB size distribution is done by the population balance equation. The material strength as well as the fracture behavior are represented with simple models. The calibration of the model parameters is performed using the Nelder–Mead algorithm. The calibrated models provide good agreement with the measurements of the size distributions from experimental investigations. Transfer of the calibrated parameters to other process settings is possible and provides good agreement in some cases. Recalibration of the fracture behavior improves the accuracy of the model so that it can be used as a predictive tool.
Perceptions of Severe Asthma and Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome Among Specialists: A Questionnaire Survey (2018)

Specialists had diverse perceptions and clinical practices regarding severe asthma and ACOS patients. This heterogeneity must be considered in future studies and strategy development for severe asthma and ACOS.
MEC-Assisted End-to-End Latency Evaluations for C-V2X Communications (2018)

The efficient design of fifth generation (5G) mobile networks is driven by the need to support the dynamic proliferation of several vertical market segments. Considering the automotive sector, different Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C- V2X) use cases have been identified by the industrial and research world, referring to infotainment, automated driving and road safety. A common characteristic of these use cases is the need to exploit collective awareness of the road environment towards satisfying performance requirements. One of these requirements is the End-to-End (E2E) latency when, for instance, Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) inform vehicles about their status (e.g., location) and activity, assisted by the cellular network. In this paper, focusing on a freeway-based VRU scenario, we argue that, in contrast to conventional, remote cloud-based cellular architecture, the deployment of Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) infrastructure can substantially prune the E2E communication latency. Our argument is supported by an extensive simulation-based performance comparison between the conventional and the MEC-assisted network architecture.
Electronic structure of intrinsic defects in crystalline germanium telluride (2006)

Germanium telluride undergoes rapid transition between polycrystalline and amorphous states under either optical or electrical excitation. While the crystalline phases are predicted to be semiconductors, polycrystalline germanium telluride always exhibits -type metallic conductivity. We present a study of the electronic structure and formation energies of the vacancy and antisite defects in both known crystalline phases. We show that these intrinsic defects determine the nature of free-carrier transport in crystalline germanium telluride. Germanium vacancies require roughly one-third the energy of the other three defects to form, making this by far the most favorable intrinsic defect. While the tellurium antisite and vacancy induce gap states, the germanium counterparts do not. A simple counting argument, reinforced by integration over the density of states, predicts that the germanium vacancy leads to empty states at the top of the valence band, thus giving a complete explanation of the observed -type metallic conduction.
Ultrafast Click Chemistry with Fluorosydnones (2016)

We report the synthesis and reactivity of 4-fluorosydnones, a unique class of mesoionic dipoles displaying exquisite reactivity towards both copper-catalyzed and strain-promoted cycloaddition reactions with alkynes. Synthetic access to these new mesoionic compounds was granted by electrophilic fluorination of σ-sydnone Pd(II) precursors in the presence of Selectfluor. Their reactions with terminal and cyclic alkynes were found to proceed very rapidly and selectively, affording 5-fluoro-1,4-pyrazoles with bimolecular rate constants up to 10(4) m(-1) s(-1) , surpassing those documented in the literature with cycloalkynes. Kinetic studies were carried out to unravel the mechanism of the reaction, and the value of 4-fluorosydnones was further highlighted by successful radiolabeling with [(18) F]Selectfluor.
Monocyte production of C1q potentiates CD8 + T cell effector function following respiratory viral infection (2023)

Respiratory viral infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Using a murine model of human metapneumovirus (HMPV), we identified recruitment of a C1q-producing inflammatory monocyte population concomitant with viral clearance by adaptive immune cells. Genetic ablation of C1q led to reduced CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell function. Production of C1q by a myeloid lineage was sufficient to enhance CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell function. Activated and dividing CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells expressed a putative C1q receptor, gC1qR. Perturbation of gC1qR signaling led to altered CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell IFN-γ production and metabolic capacity. Autopsy specimens from fatal respiratory viral infections in children demonstrated diffuse production of C1q by an interstitial population. Humans with severe COVID-19 infection also demonstrated upregulation of gC1qR on activated and rapidly dividing CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells. Collectively, these studies implicate C1q production from monocytes as a critical regulator of CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell function following respiratory viral infection.
Notes on the algebraic structure of wave equations (2010)

There are many examples of wave equations in the physical sciences, characterized by oscillating solutions that propagate through space and time while, in lossless media, conserving energy. Examples include the scalar wave equation (e.g. pressure waves in a gas), Maxwell’s equations (electromagnetism), Schrödinger’s equation (quantum mechanics), elastic vibrations, and so on. From an algebraic perspective, all of these share certain common features. They can all be written abstractly in a form ∂w ∂t = ˆDw + s (1) where w(x,t) is some vector-field wave function characterizing the solutions (e.g. a 6-component electric+magnetic field in electromagnetism), ˆD is some linear operator (using the “hat ” notation from quantum mechanics to denote linear operators), neglecting nonlinear effects, and s(x,t) is some source term. The key property of ˆD for a wave equation is that it is anti-Hermitian, as opposed to a parabolic equation (e.g. a diffusion equation) where ˆD is Hermitian and negative semi-definite. From this anti-Hermitian property follow familiar features of wave equations, such as oscillating/propagating solutions and conservation of energy. In many cases, we will set s = 0 and focus on the source-free behavior. In the following note, we first derive some general properties of eq. (1) from the characteristics of ˆD, and then give examples of physical wave equations that can be written in this form and have these characteristics.