gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of crosstalk switch failures in domino CMOS circuits (2002)

Capacitative coupling will become a dominant problem due to increased parasitic capacitance between adjacent wires and faster signal switching rates. The coupling problem is more acute for domino logic circuits since an irreversible gate output transition can result. We present a method to analyze domino circuits for susceptibility to crosstalk failures from a layout-extracted netlist. Specifically, sites in the circuit that may fail due to crosstalk are identified. In addition, failure sites are partitioned into two categories (faults or design errors) based on their likelihood of occurrence in the context of manufacturing variations. The method has been implemented and applied to a dual-rail domino Wallace tree circuit with little loss in accuracy, resulting in a 37X speedup over a full analysis using Hspice.
A Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere Boundary and Partial Melt Estimated Using Marine Magnetotelluric Data at the Central Middle Atlantic Ridge (2020)

Abstract The differential motion between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere is aseismic, so the magnetotelluric (MT) method plays an important role in studying the depth and nature of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB). In March 2016, we deployed 39 marine MT instruments across the Middle Atlantic Ridge (MAR), 2,000 km away from the African coast, to study the evolution of the LAB with ages out to 45 million years (My). The MT acquisition time was limited to about 60 days by battery life. After analyzing dimensionality and coast effects for the MT data, determinant data were inverted for two‐dimensional resistivity models along two profiles north and south of the Chain Fracture Zone (CFZ). The imaged thickness of the lithospheric lid (&gt;100 Ωm) ranges from 20 to 80 km, generally thickening with age. In the north of CFZ, punctuated low‐resistivity anomalies (&lt;1 Ωm), likely associated with potential partial melts, occur along its base. In the south of CFZ, the base of the resistive lid is demarcated by a low‐resistivity channel (&lt;1 Ωm) most likely fed by deeper melts. Sensitivity analyses and structural recovery tests indicate the robustness of these features. Resistivity models are in good agreement with results of seismic data. These results imply that partial melt is persistent over geologic timescales and that the LAB is dynamic features fed by upward percolation of mantle melt. The melt fraction is about 1–7% based on the resistivity, temperature, pressure, and hydrous basalt models, which is consistent with petrophysical observations.
REACTIVE STROMA IN PROSTATE CANCER PROGRESSION (2001)

Reactive stroma in prostate cancer and granulation tissue in wound repair show similar biological responses and processes that are predicted to promote cancer progression. Further identification of specific functional and regulatory mechanisms in prostate cancer reactive stroma may aid in the use of reactive stroma for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
A non-endoscopic device to sample the oesophageal microbiota: a case-control study (2016)

Cancer Research UK, National Institute for Health Research, Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, The Scottish Government (RESAS).
Sedation-related complications during anesthesiologist-administered sedation for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a prospective study (2020)

This study suggests that anesthesiologist-administered sedation is safe in patients undergoing ERCP and is associated with a high rate of successful ERCP, shorter procedure time, and more rapid post-anesthesia recovery, with high patient and endoscopist satisfaction.
Viscoelastic modelling and experimental results of a dielectric electro‐active polymer diaphragm actuator (2014)

Abstract Common actuating principles e.g. solenoids or piezo‐elements have mostly exploited their potential as electromechanical transducers. A new technology based on Dielectric Electro‐active Polymers (DEAPs) enables major progress in efficiency and functionality for actuators. In order to use the advantages of this new technology in a feasible application, a silicone based DEAP diaphragm actuator was tested experimentally. Here, the mechanical properties of the fundamental parts of the DEAP diaphragm actuator, namely the stressstrain behaviour of an equibiaxially pre‐stretched hyperelastic polymer and the mechanical response of a DEAP diaphragm actuator, were determined by appropriate test benches. The investigated DEAP diaphragm actuator consists of a dielectric, which corresponds to a thin elastic silicone film sandwiched between two compliant electrodes. Furthermore, DEAPs are pre‐stretched, actually up to five times their in‐plane dimensions, in order to improve their performance. In that context, the influence of the pre‐stretched state on the actuator performance was investigated. In addition, a viscoelastic finite‐element model of the electromechanical system has been developed and validated with the experimental results. The mechanical part of the DEAP diaphragm actuator was realized with an incompressible isotropic elastic model, whereas the electrical part was approximated with a circular parallel‐plate capacitor. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
PMI-cool at SemEval-2016 Task 3: Experiments with PMI and Goodness Polarity Lexicons for Community Question Answering (2016)

We describe our submission to SemEval-2016 Task 3 on Community Question Answering. We participated in subtask A, which asks to rerank the comments from the thread for a given forum question from good to bad. Our approach focuses on the generation and use of goodness polarity lexicons, similarly to the sentiment polarity lexicons, which are very popular in sentiment analysis. In particular, we use a combination of bootstrapping and pointwise mutual information to estimate the strength of association between a word (from a large unannotated set of question-answer threads) and the class of good/bad comments. We then use various features based on these lexicons to train a regression model, whose predictions we use to induce the final comment ranking. While our system was not very strong as it lacked important features, our lexicons contributed to the strong performance of another top-performing system.
Divalent metal ions influence catalysis and active‐site accessibility in the camp‐dependent protein kinase (1993)

Phosphorylation of the peptide LRRASLG by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was measured in the presence of various divalent metals to establish the role of electrophiles in the kinetic mechanism. Under conditions of low or high metal concentrations, the apparent second-order rate constant, kcat/Kpeptide, and the maximal rate constant, kcat, followed the trend Mg2+ > Co2+ > Mn2+. Competitive inhibition studies indicate that the former effect is not due to destabilization of the substrate complex, E.ATP.S. The effects of solvent viscosity on the steady-state kinetic parameters were interpreted according to a simple mechanism involving substrate binding, phosphotransfer, and product release steps and two metal chelation sites in the nucleotide pocket. Decreases in kcat and kcat/Kpeptide result mostly from attenuations in the dissociation rate constant for ADP and the association rate constant for the substrate, respectively. Decreases in the phosphoryl transfer rate constant have only negligible to moderate effects on these parameters. The low observed values for the association rate constant of the substrate indicate that the metals control the concentration of the productive binary form, Ea.ATP, and indirectly the accessibility of the active site. By comparison, Mg2+ is the best divalent metal catalyst because it uniformly lowers the transition state energies for all steps in the kinetic mechanism, permitting maximum flux of substrate to product. The data suggest that cAMP-dependent protein kinase uses metal ions to serve multiple roles in facilitating phosphotransfer and accelerating substrate association and product dissociation.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Breast Cancer on MR Imaging (2010)

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death for American women today. The key to increasing the survival rate is early detection and treatment. Medical imaging is essential to breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Currently, x-ray mammography is the primary screening modality for breast cancer. Mammography is a radiographic examination technique that uses x rays to image breast tissue to detect breast pathology. Denser tissue absorbs more x rays and results in a bright region on the image. Mammography attempts to identify structural or morphological differences that can indicate presence of cancer, such as masses, microcalcifications, and architectural distortions. Traditionally, the image has been recorded on film. Recently, digital mammography techniques have been adopted that record the image in digital format. Mammography is a well-developed technology that offers high-quality images at low radiation doses for the majority of patients. Unfortunately, 10â30% breast cancers are not detected on mammography and the positive predictive value (PPV) of mammography is less than 35%. Consequently, other imaging modalities are used in conjunction with x-ray mammography for detection and diagnosis. Moreover, following the diagnosis of cancer, medical imaging is used for treatment planning, monitoring treatment progress, and surveillance for disease recurrence. The most widely used adjunctive modality for breast imaging is ultrasound. Ultrasound is routinely used to further evaluate suspicious abnormalities identified on screening mammography or a clinical exam. Ultrasound is particularly valuable for distinguishing between cysts and solid lesions and for examining younger women with dense breasts. The roles of other imaging modalities in breast cancer detection and diagnosis are rapidly evolving. Tomosynthesis, newer ultrasound methods such as 3D ultrasound, nuclear medicine methods such as sestamibi breast scintigraphy and positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are all exciting areas of development in breast cancer care. Each of these alternatives are being sought in order to overcome at least one of the two major inherent limitations of x-ray mammography: the information loss of visualizing a 3D structure in 2D projections and the lack of functional insight regarding the biological processes of the breast tissue imaged.
Early Treatment, Inflammation and Post-COVID Conditions (2023)

Increased IL-6 levels were associated with the development of PCC and there was a trend for decreased PCC with early CCP treatment in this predominately unvaccinated population. Future treatment studies should evaluate the effect of early treatment and anti-IL-6 therapies on PCC development.
Molybdenum Effects on Pitting Corrosion Resistance of FeCrMnMoNC Austenitic Stainless Steels (2018)

For Fe-based 18Cr10Mn0.4N0.5C(0–2.17)Mo (in wt %) austenitic stainless steels, effects of Mo on pitting corrosion resistance and the improvement mechanism were investigated. Alloying Mo increased pitting and repassivation potentials and enhanced the passive film resistance by decreasing number of point defects in the film. In addition, Mo reduced critical dissolution rate of the alloys in acidified chloride solutions, and the alloy with higher Mo content could remain in the passive state in stronger acid. Thus, it was concluded that the alloying Mo enhanced pitting corrosion resistance of the alloys through increasing protectiveness of passive film and lowering pit growth rate.
2A2-B02 32 channel Omni-directional Microphone Array Design and Outdoor Sound Localization (2010)

This paper presents a microphone array design and evaluation result of the developed microphone array. Beamforming simulation gives the lower sidelobes microphone arrangement, and improved hardware provides high signal-to-noise ratio. The new hardware we developed has omni-directional directivity and high tolerance for exogenous noise. It has 32 channel microphones on 335mm diameter disk to equip for our mobile robot. Some experimental results of indoor/outdoor sound localization are also shown.
Effect of isocarbacyclin methyl ester incorporated in lipid microspheres on experimental models of peripheral obstructive disease. (1995)

The effect of TTC-909 (isocarbacyclin methyl ester (CAS 88931-51-5, TEI-9090) incorporated into lipid microspheres) on obstruction of the peripheral artery was studied in two different animal models. The first was a peripheral occlusion model induced by intra-arterial injection of sodium laurate in rats. The second was a tail gangrene model induced by subcutaneous injection of both ergotamine and epinephrine in rats. Intravenous bolus-administered TTC-909 at 1.0 microgram/kg resulted in the inhibition of both progression of lesions induced by sodium laurate and the extension of tail gangrene by ergotamine and epinephrine. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of TTC-909 was more potent than that of PGE1 (LM) (prostaglandin E1 incorporated into lipid microspheres). These findings suggested that TTC-909 may be clinically useful for the therapy of peripheral vascular disorders such as thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) and atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO).
Rapid volumetric imaging with light-sheet microscopy (2019)

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) enables both sensitive and rapid volumetric imaging, from single cells to multicellular organisms. Nevertheless, LSFM faces technological and physical limitations on the volumetric acquisition speed. We have realized that there are certain geometrical arrangements that allow lossless parallelization of the LSFM acquisition process. Thereby the volumetric acquisition rate can be increased without inducing higher amounts of phototoxicity or requiring faster detector technologies. We present two implementations of parallelized light-sheet microscopy and discuss applications that either benefit from the increased acquisition speed or improved sensitivity of these systems.
Editorial: Statistical and Computational Methods for Microbiome Multi-Omics Data (2020)

There has never been a more exciting time to do microbiome research thanks to the recent completion of several population-scale, longitudinal multi-omics studies including the NIH integrative human microbiome project ( utilize state-of-the-art microbiome compositional mediation analysis procedures to investigate the diet-microbiome-metabolome interaction in cross-sectional multi-omics samples from healthy subjects. Both these analyses estimate the total mediation effects of microbiome composition, as well as feature-specific mediation effects, providing additional mechanistic insights above and beyond a direct causal relationship.Taken together, the papers in this Research Topic represent both an incredible amount of progress and an enormous potential for further advances in the near future. As a result, we have launched a second edition of the Research Topic where we will continue to add additional methods, research, and review articles over the next year or so.
Efficient Parallel Algorithms for String Editing and Related Problems (1990)

The string editing problem for input strings x and y consists of transforming x into y by performing a series of weighted edit operations on x of overall minimum cost. An edit operation on x can be the deletion of a symbol from x, the insertion of a symbol in x or the substitution of a symbol of x with another symbol. This problem has a well-known $O(|x||y|)$ time-sequential solution. Efficient PRAM parallel algorithms for the string editing problem are given. If $m = \min (|x|,|y|)$ and $n = \max (|x|,|y|)$, then the CREW bound is $O(\log m \log n)$ time with $O({{mn} / {\log m}})$ processors. The CROW bound is $O(\log n(\log \log m)^{2})$ time with $O(mn/ \log \log m)$ processors. In all algorithms, space is $O(mn)$.
Fluorinated (Co)Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications (2012)

Abstract Fluorinated polymers are usually synthesized by radical (co)polymerization of fluoroalkenes. These interesting materials have outstanding properties such as thermal stability, chemical inertness (to solvents, oils, water, acids, and bases), low refractive index, permittivity, dissipation factor and water absorptivity, as well as excellent weatherability, durability, and resistance to oxidation. Actually, two families of fluorinated polymers can be considered: ( 1 ) in first group, the fluorinated groups are located on the polymer backbone and their chemical inertness, thermal stability, low refractive index, and dielectric constant are exploreed, and ( 2 ) the second group contains a fluorinated dangling group that induces enhanced surface properties. Various strategies of synthesis via radical conventional or controlled copolymerizations are proposed; some of them are well‐architectured fluoropolymers (block, graft, alternated, and so on) just like their properties and applications ranging from energy‐related‐materials (fuel cell membranes, separators for lithium ion batteries, piezoelectric devices) to original fluorinated elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, surfactants, thermostable polymers, and optical devices.
A bifunctional enzyme with lycopene cyclase and phytoene synthase activities is encoded by the carRP gene of Mucor circinelloides (2000)

Using functional analyses in Escherichia coli and Mucor circinelloides, it has been shown that a single M. circinelloides gene (carRP) codes for a protein with two different enzymatic activities, lycopene cyclase and phytoene synthase, which are encoded by independent genes in organisms other than fungi. This gene was identified using complementation tests among different classes of carotenoid mutants of M. circinelloides. The carRP gene product contains two domains: the R domain is located at the N-terminus and determines lycopene cyclase activity; the P domain is located at the C-terminus and displays phytoene synthase activity. The R domain is functional even in the absence of the P domain, while the latter needs the proper R domain conformation to carry out its function. The carRP gene is closely linked to the phytoene dehydrogenase (carB) gene, and the promoter regions of both genes are located within only 446 bp. Northern analyses show a co-ordinated regulation of the expression of both genes by blue light. Several motifs found in this promoter region suggest a bi-directional mode of transcription control.
Aspirin, Heparin, and Fibrinolytic Therapy in Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction (1997)

In this article, we review the randomized clinical trials of aspirin, of heparin, and of fibrinolytic therapy in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction to determine which of these treatments have been shown to improve survival and other major clinical outcomes.AspirinBenefits of Aspirin during and after Suspected Myocardial InfarctionThe Second International Study of Infarct Survival (ISIS-2) demonstrated conclusively the substantial value of aspirin therapy in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction1 (and other studies have shown the value of aspirin in patients with unstable angina2). In the ISIS-2 trial, assignment to one month of treatment with . . .
Reaction of nucleosides with thionyl chloride; Preparation of the deoxy derivatives of cytidine and adenosine (1980)

On reaction of thionyl chloride with cytidine and adenosine in refluxing acetonitrile, the 5' -chloro-2',3' -sulphinyl derivatives I and VII are formed in a quantitative yield. On heating in dimethyl-formamide, compound I affords 5' -chloro-5' -deoxycyclocytidine ( II ) which is hydrolyzed in alkali to the arabinosyl derivative III ; reduction of III with tributyltin hydride gives the 5' -deoxyarabinosyl derivative IV . The sulphinyl derivative I is hydrolyzed to 5' -chloro-5' -deoxycytidine ( V ) which is reduced to 5' -deoxycytidine ( VI ). Analogously, the sulphinyl derivative VII affords 5' -chloro-5' -deoxyadenosine ( VIII ) and the reduction of VIII gives 5' -deoxyadenosine ( IX ). Of these compounds, the 5' -chloro-5' -deoxyarabinosyl derivative as the only one shows an inhibitory effect towards the L1210 cell growth.
Cotreatment with Vorinostat (Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid) Enhances Activity of Dasatinib (BMS-354825) against Imatinib Mesylate–Sensitive or Imatinib Mesylate–Resistant Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells (2006)

As shown here, the preclinical in vitro activity of vorinostat and dasatinib against cultured and primary CML cells supports the in vivo testing of the combination in imatinib mesylate-sensitive and imatinib mesylate-resistant CML cells.
TOAI/AOA/RSS Maximum Likelihood Data Fusion for Efficient Localization in Wireless Networks (2018)

The paper presents a localization technique based on maximum likelihood (ML) estimation to efficiently implement data fusion of Time-of-Arrival (TOA), Angle-of-Arrival (AOA) and Received-Signal-Strength (RSS) measurements in mobile wireless networks. The approach exploits a limited number of measurements to provide highly accurate mobile target localization compared to other techniques that rely on the use of one type of data only (e.g., TOA, AOA or RSS). The proposed method is particularly robust in situations where remote base stations cannot reliably obtain accurate mobile signal measurements due to poor signal strength. Numerical results and simulations are presented for various scenarios of data fusion to demonstrate the achieved reduction in localization error.
Antiproliferative effects of sapacitabine (CYC682), a novel 2′-deoxycytidine-derivative, in human cancer cells (2007)

This study assessed the antiproliferative activity of sapacitabine (CYC682, CS-682) in a panel of 10 human cancer cell lines with varying degrees of resistance or sensitivity to the commonly used nucleoside analogues ara-C and gemcitabine. Growth inhibition studies using sapacitabine and CNDAC were performed in the panel of cell lines and compared with both nucleoside analogues and other anticancer compounds including oxaliplatin, doxorubicin, docetaxel and seliciclib. Sapacitabine displayed antiproliferative activity across a range of concentrations in a variety of cell lines, including those shown to be resistant to several anticancer drugs. Sapacitabine is biotransformed by plasma, gut and liver amidases into CNDAC and causes cell cycle arrest predominantly in the G(2)/M phase. No clear correlation was observed between sensitivity to sapacitabine and the expression of critical factors involved in resistance to nucleoside analogues such as deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1, cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase and DNA polymerase-alpha. However, sapacitabine showed cytotoxic activity against dCK-deficient L1210 cells indicating that in some cells, a dCK-independent mechanism of action may be involved. In addition, sapacitabine showed a synergistic effect when combined with gemcitabine and sequence-specific synergy with doxorubicin and oxaliplatin. Sapacitabine is therefore a good candidate for further evaluation in combination with currently used anticancer agents in tumour types with unmet needs.