gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A facile route to heterotelechelic polymer prodrug nanoparticles for imaging, drug delivery and combination therapy (2018)

A facile and general synthetic methodology has been developed to prepare high drug loading heterotelechelic polymer prodrug nanoparticles; that are nanoparticles obtained by formulation of linear polymers bearing two different molecules at both extremities (at least one of them being a drug). The method relied on the combination of the “drug-initiated” method to obtain α-functional polymer prodrugs by nitroxide-mediated polymerization, followed by the nitroxide exchange reaction from a functional nitroxide to install another molecule of interest at the ω chain-end. To validate the proof of concept, two different combinations have been synthesized using polyisoprene (PI) as the polymer building block: one based on gemcitabine and rhodamine (Gem-PI-Rho) for drug delivery and imaging purposes, and one with aminoglutethimide and doxorubicin (Agm-PI-Dox) for combination therapy purposes. Fluorescent polymer prodrug nanoparticles (Dz = 161 nm) were easily obtained by co-nanoprecipitation of Gem-PI and 5 wt% of Gem-PI-Rho. They were observed by confocal microscopy and they also induced significant cytotoxicity on the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. As for combination therapy purposes, Agm-PI-Dox nanoparticles (Dz = 63–122 nm) led to enhanced cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells compared to both monofunctional polymer prodrug nanoparticles (ca. 50% decrease in IC50 vs. Agm-PI and 65% decrease in IC50 vs. PI-Dox) or their equimolar co-nanoprecipitation. This simple and general methodology may pave the way to the design of a broad range of different heterotelechelic polymer prodrug nanoparticles.
Book Reviews (1978)

Book Reviews Get access Progress in Immunology III. Edited by T E Mandel, Christina Cheers, C S Hosking, I F C McKenzie & G J V Nossal. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1977. (Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Immunology, Sydney, Australia, 3-8 July 1977.) xiii+855 pages; figures; tables. 26×18cm. £58.59 A Ebringer A Ebringer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 34, Issue 3, September 1978, Page 322, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071526 Published: 01 September 1978
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Reduction of Esters to Aldehydes under the Catalysis of Well‐Defined NHC‐Iron Complexes. (2013)

Abstract It provides a mild and efficient approach to aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes.
Access-network association policies for media streaming in heterogeneous environments (2010)

We study the design of media streaming applications in the presence of multiple heterogeneous wireless access methods with different throughputs and costs. Our objective is to analytically characterize the trade-off between the usage cost and the Quality of user Experience (QoE), which is represented by the probability of interruption in media playback and the initial waiting time. We model each access network as a server that provides packets to the user according to a Poisson process with a certain rate and cost. Blocks are coded using random linear codes to alleviate the duplicate packet reception problem. Users must take decisions on how many packets to buffer before playout, and which networks to access during playout. We design, analyze and compare several control policies with a threshold structure. We formulate the problem of finding the optimal control policy as an MDP with a probabilistic constraint. We present the HJB equation for this problem by expanding the state space, and exploit it as a verification method for optimality of the proposed control law.
Design and Experimental Verification of Mistuning of a Supersonic Turbine Blisk (2008)

A rotor blisk of a supersonic space turbine has previously been designed to allow for free flutter to occur in an air test rig [1]. Flutter occurred at several operating conditions and the flutter boundary for the test turbine was established. In this paper the rotor blisk is redesigned in order to inhibit flutter. The design strategy chosen is to introduce a mistuning concept. Based on aeroelastic analyses using a reduced order model (ROM) a criterion for the required level of mistuning is established in order to stabilize the lower system modes. Proposals in literature suggest and analyze mistuning by varying blade mode frequencies in random patterns or by modifying blades in an odd-even pattern. Here a modification of sectors of the blisk is introduced in order to bring a sufficient split of the system mode frequencies. To verify that the redesigned blisk efficiently could inhibit flutter an experiment similar to that in [1] is performed with the mistuned rotor blisk. By running the redesigned blisk at operating conditions deep in to the unstable region of the tuned blisk it is demonstrated that a relative low level of mistuning is sufficient to eliminate rotor flutter.
Proangiogenic stimulation of bone marrow endothelium engages mTOR and is inhibited by simultaneous blockade of mTOR and NF-κB (2005)

Most bone marrow (BM) malignancies develop in association with an angiogenic phenotype and increased numbers of endothelial cells. The molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation and recruitment of BM endothelium are largely unknown and may provide novel therapeutic targets for neoplastic diseases. We observed that angiogenic stimulation of BM endothelial cells activates mTOR and engages its downstream pathways 4E-BP1 and S6K1, which are inhibited by the mTOR-specific blockers rapamycin and CCI-779. Both mTOR blockers significantly inhibit growth factor- and leukemia-induced proliferation of BM endothelium by inducing G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest. This effect is associated with down-regulation of cyclin D1 and cdk2 phosphorylation, and up-regulation of the cdk inhibitors p27(kip1) and p21(cip1). Under conditions that reproduce the biomechanical fluidic environment of the BM, CCI-779 is equally effective in inhibiting BM endothelial-cell proliferation. Finally, simultaneous blockade of mTOR and NF-kappaB pathways synergize to significantly inhibit or abrogate the proliferative responses of BM endothelial cells to mitogenic stimuli. This study identifies mTOR as an important pathway for the proangiogenic stimulation of BM endothelium. Modulation of this pathway may serve as a valid therapeutic intervention in BM malignancies evolving in association with an angiogenic phenotype.
Nonsense mutation in exon 3 of the proteolipid protein gene (PLP) in a family with an unusual form of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (1997)

We report a G→A transition at nucleotide 431 of the proteolipid protein gene (PLP) results in a nonsense codon in a family with an unusual form of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD). The mutation, which creates a second AluI restriction site, results in a nonsense mutation in PLP. The clinical picture resembles somewhat that of X-linked spastic paraplegia (SPG). It differs from this and both the classical and connatal forms of PMD in that it is relatively mild in form, onset is delayed beyond age 2 years, nystagmus is absent, tremors are prominent, mental retardation is not severe, some patients show dementia or personality disorders, the disease is progressive rather than static in some, and several females show signs of disease. The nonsense mutation, which is in exon 3B, should block the synthesis of normal PLP but spare DM20, the isoform whose persistence has been associated with mild forms of PLP-associated disease in both humans and mice. Am. J. Med Genet. 69:121–125, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Polyphonic music transcription employing max-margin classification of spectrograhic features (2009)

In this paper we present a transcription method for polyphonic music. The short time Fourier transform is used first to decompose an acoustic signal into sonic partials in a time-frequency representation. In general the segmented partials exhibit distinguishable features if they originate from different “voices” in the polyphonic mix. We define feature vectors and utilize a max-margin classification algorithm to produce classification labels to serve as grouping cues, i.e., to decide which partials should be assigned to each voice. These classification labels are then used in statistical optimal grouping decisions and confidence levels are assigned to each decision. This classification algorithm shows promising results for the musical source separation.
Conformational changes in human lens proteins in cataract (1972)

The reactivity of protein thiol groups in human lens and the susceptibility of the proteins to tryptic digestion were investigated. Both were found to be greater in some cataractous lenses, indicating that lens proteins have unfolded during cataractogenesis. Almost all the tyrosine in the proteins of the normal human lens reacts with tetranitromethane and is therefore probably on the outside of the major lens proteins.
Prion biology relevant to bovine spongiform encephalopathy1 (2005)

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and chronic wasting disease (CWD) of deer and elk are a threat to agriculture and natural resources, as well as a human health concern. Both diseases are transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), or prion diseases, caused by autocatalytic conversion of endogenously encoded prion protein (PrP) to an abnormal, neurotoxic conformation designated PrPsc. Most mammalian species are susceptible to TSE, which, despite a range of species-linked names, is caused by a single highly conserved protein, with no apparent normal function. In the simplest sense, TSE transmission can occur because PrPsc is resistant to both endogenous and environmental proteinases, although many details remain unclear. Questions about the transmission of TSE are central to practical issues such as livestock testing, access to international livestock markets, and wildlife management strategies, as well as intangible issues such as consumer confidence in the safety of the meat supply. The majority of BSE cases seem to have been transmitted by feed containing meat and bone meal from infected animals. In the United Kingdom, there was a dramatic decrease in BSE cases after neural tissue and, later, all ruminant tissues were banned from ruminant feed. However, probably because of heightened awareness and widespread testing, there is growing evidence that new variants of BSE are arising "spontaneously," suggesting ongoing surveillance will continue to find infected animals. Interspecies transmission is inefficient and depends on exposure, sequence homology, TSE donor strain, genetic polymorphism of the host, and architecture of the visceral nerves if exposure is by an oral route. Considering the low probability of interspecies transmission, the low efficiency of oral transmission, and the low prion levels in nonnervous tissues, consumption of conventional animal products represents minimal risk. However, detection of rare events is challenging, and TSE literature is characterized by subsequently unsupported claims of species barriers or absolute tissue safety. This review presents an overview of TSE and summarizes recent research on pathogenesis and transmission.
THE EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON MINERALO- AND GLUCO-CORTICOID SECRETION IN THE SHEEP (1976)

1. The peripheral blood concentrations of aldosterone, corticosterone and cortisol were measured during pregnancy in conscious, undisturbed sheep. 2. Aldosterone levels did not change during pregnancy and the mean pregnant value, 1-2 s.d. 1-4 ng/100 ml(n = 12) was not significantly different from the non-pregnant value, 2-1 s.d. 1-7 (n = 16). 3. Cortisol levels likewise were unchanged by pregnancy-non-pregnant values were 0-56 s.d. 0-50 mug/100 ml (n = 12) compared with 0-46 s.d. 0-40 mug/100 ml (n = 16) in pregnant sheep. 4. Sheep of 110-140 days gestation had a 400 mmol greater total exchangeable sodium than non-pregnant sheep. Plasma volume and plasma renin concentration tended to be elevated near to term. 5. Very high aldosterone secretion rates and peripheral blood levels could be produced in pregnant sheep by stress, intravenous ACTH or angiotensin II infusions, and by sodium deficiency. It is suggested that the pregnant sheep may show increased sensitivity in contrast to non-pregnant sheep to these stimuli and the enlarged size of their adrenals may be a contributing factor.
Operational considerations and challenges of biochemistry laboratories during the COVID-19 outbreak: an IFCC global survey (2020)

The restriction of tests and services may have undesirable clinical consequences as clinicians are deprived of important information to deliver appropriate care to their patients. Staff rostering and biosafety concerns require longer-term solutions as they are crucial for the continued operation of the laboratory during what may well be a prolonged pandemic.
County-level CO2 emissions and sequestration in China during 1997–2017 (2020)

With the implementation of China's top-down CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reduction strategy, the regional differences should be considered. As the most basic governmental unit in China, counties could better capture the regional heterogeneity than provinces and prefecture-level city, and county-level CO<sub>2</sub> emissions could be used for the development of strategic policies tailored to local conditions. However, most of the previous accounts of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in China have only focused on the national, provincial, or city levels, owing to limited methods and smaller-scale data. In this study, a particle swarm optimization-back propagation (PSO-BP) algorithm was employed to unify the scale of DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS satellite imagery and estimate the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in 2,735 Chinese counties during 1997-2017. Moreover, as vegetation has a significant ability to sequester and reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, we calculated the county-level carbon sequestration value of terrestrial vegetation. The results presented here can contribute to existing data gaps and enable the development of strategies to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in China.
Blood Pressure Drops During Hospitalization for Acute Heart Failure Treated With Serelaxin: A Patient-Level Analysis of 4 Randomized Controlled Trials (2022)

gov; Unique identifiers: NCT02064868, NCT02007720, NCT01870778, NCT00520806.
Pattern Identification in Biogeography (2006)

Identifying common patterns among area cladograms that arise in historical biogeography is an important tool for biogeographical inference. We develop the first rigorous formalization of these pattern-identification problems. We develop metrics to compare area cladograms. We define the maximum agreement area cladogram (MAAC) and we develop efficient algorithms for finding the MAAC of two area cladograms, while showing that it is NP-hard to find the MAAC of several binary area cladograms. We also describe a linear-time algorithm to identify if two area cladograms are identical.
CuO nanodendrites synthesized by a novel hydrothermal route (2004)

CuO nanodendrites have been synthesized by a simple and novel hydrothermal method.Their morphology, structure, and composition have been also characterized.The results show that an as-prepared nanodendrite is composed of a main branch-like nanorod near upon a micrometre in length and about 100 nm in diameter and the sub-branch nanorods several hundred nanometres in length and 20-60 nm in diameter.The dendrite-like CuO nanostructures are of monoclinic phase and single crystalline in nature.The investigation of the hydrothermal process assisted by different quantities of ethylene glycol (EG) indicates that EG plays a critical role in the formation of dendrite-like CuO nanostructures.A possible mechanism for the formation of such CuO nanostructures is discussed.Furthermore, the correlation between the optical spectrum and the different morphologies of copper oxides nanomaterials is also discussed.
Functionalization of Graphene Oxide Films with Au and MoOx Nanoparticles as Efficient p‐Contact Electrodes for Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells (2018)

Abstract A graphene oxide (GO) film is functionalized with metal (Au) and metal‐oxide (MoO x ) nanoparticles (NPs) as a hole‐extraction layer for high‐performance inverted planar‐heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). These NPs can increase the work function of GO, which is confirmed with X‐ray photoelectron spectra, Kelvin probe force microscopy, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectra measurements. The down‐shifts of work functions lead to a decreased level of potential energy and hence increased V oc of the PSC devices. Although the GO‐AuNP film shows rapid hole extraction and increased V oc , a J sc improvement is not observed because of localization of the extracted holes inside the AuNP that leads to rapid charge recombination, which is confirmed with transient photoelectric measurements. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the GO‐AuNP device attains 14.6%, which is comparable with that of the GO‐based device (14.4%). In contrast, the rapid hole extraction from perovskite to the GO‐MoO x layer does not cause trapping of holes and delocalization of holes in the GO film accelerates rapid charge transfer to the indium tin oxide substrate; charge recombination in the perovskite/GO‐MoO x interface is hence significantly retarded. The GO‐MoO x device consequently shows significantly enhanced V oc and J sc , for which its device performance attains PCE of 16.7% with great reproducibility and enduring stability.
Calcium sulfate-phosphate composites with enhanced water resistance (2012)

A novel method of processing gypsum, CaSO4·2H2O, is described, forming composites of calcium sulfate anhydrite crystallites bound by a water-resistant phosphate matrix. The materials have been characterised using various analytical techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and 31P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). While PXRD shows the major crystalline phase present in the composites is calcium sulfate anhydrite, the NMR shows the presence of a polyphosphate matrix, consistent with IR analysis. The NMR also allows the identification of an interfacial layer between the anhydrite crystallites and phosphate coating by comparison with the mixed sulfate-phosphate mineral ardealite, whose NMR spectra we also report. Comparison of conventional and proton-decoupled cross polarisation NMR spectra allows the presence and location of included protons to be probed. Physical measurements of mechanical strength show that addition of aluminium to the composite allows the formation of high density materials that have dry strength comparable to gypsum and no loss of strength on immersion in water.
Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography of the Abdomen with Highly Accelerated Acquisition Techniques (2011)

http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.11110242/-/DC1.
Fiber Bragg grating tether used to measure drag forces in neutral buoyancy flow tank tests (2008)

The drag exerted on neutrally buoyant tethered spheres in a flow tank was measured as a function of flow rate. A unique solution to the problem was achieved using an optical fiber including a Bragg grating sensor as part of the tether. Measurements of the strain on the tether taken at flow rates between 0.14 and 0.33 m/s, were used to determine drag forces for spheres with diameters ranging from 40 to 100 mm. Vortex-induced vibration was observed in tests performed at Reynolds numbers from 5 x 10(3) to 4.5 x 10(4). The drag coefficients for these tests were found to range from 0.51 to 0.77.
Investigating potential protein markers of cardiovascular disease in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021)

This preliminary study reveals the feasibility of utilizing a novel immunoassay panel to investigate potential biomarkers for predicting incipient CVD in children with T1DM. In future, longitudinal studies are required to track the relationships between measurements of the selected protein markers and the development of CVD in T1DM patients.
Enhanced Biocompatibility for SAOS-2 Osteosarcoma Cells by Surface Coating with Hydrophobic Epoxy Resins (2003)

We conclude that modified hydrophobic surfaces represent an interesting group of compounds for coating endoprosthetic implants or scaffolds for the purposes of tissue engineering.
Effects of Cissus quadrangularis on goats and sheep in Sudan. (1985)

Sept moutons du désert et dix chèvres de Nubie ont reçu de 0, 25 à 10 g/kg/j de tiges désséchées de Cissus quadrangularis et sont morts ou ont été sacrifiés. Les symptômes de l'intoxication par cette plante étaient : inappétence, abattement, inaction, démarche ébrieuse, dyspnée, accès de diarrhée, perte de condition et voussure du dos. Les modifications pathologiques dominantes étaient représentées par des hémorragies dans les reins, les poumons, le coeur et l'intestin, de l'entérite catarrhale localisée, l'atrophie séreuse de la graisse cardiaque, de l'hydropéritoine et de l'hydropéricarde. Un accroissement de l'activité des GOT, des concentrations de créatinine et d'ammoniaque, une baisse des protéines totales ont été décelés dans le sérum. Leucocytose et anémie étaient les seules modifications hématologiques
Correlation between DNA of trichothecene-producing Fusarium species and deoxynivalenol concentrations in wheat-samples (2002)

The method described is useful for the screening of cereals in industrial quality control.
Sorption and reactivity of simple organic molecules in chabazite (1953)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Sublocalization of putative tumor suppressor gene loci on chromosome arm 14q in neuroblastoma (1999)

RFLP and microsatellite analysis with 23 polymorphic markers spanning the entire long arm of chromosome 14 in 108 neuroblastomas showed allelic loss in 19 out of 107 (18%) informative tumors, placing 14q among the most frequently affected chromosomal regions in neuroblastoma. One minimal deletion region could be sublocalized in 17 of 19 cases between markers D14S1 and D14S16, and a second one between markers D14S17 and D14S23 in band 14q32. Furthermore, breakpoints in bands 14q23 and 14q12 were detected. These results suggest the presence of at least two putative tumor suppressor gene loci on chromosome 14. Survival analyses revealed no prognostic impact of allelic loss of 14q in neuroblastoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 26:40–46, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Weak Value Theory (2011)

I show that the weak value theory is useful from the viewpoints of the experimentally verifiability, consistency, capacity for explanation as to many quantum paradoxes, and practical advantages. As an example, the initial state in the Hardy paradox can be experimentally verified using the weak value via the weak measurement.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid Catalyzed Michael Additions to Artemisitene. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A review of the environmental factors affecting optical cable design (1988)

The main environmental factors considered are fiber bending loss, hydrogen loss degradation, and stress corrosion. The major bending and stress corrosion mechanisms that affect fibers are first discussed. Then each of the environmental factors is examined with respect to its impact on optical cable design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>