gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Traffic Analysis Through Deep-Learning-Based Image Segmentation From UAV Streaming (2022)

Alongside many traditional as well as novel applications, in the latest years, drones have been widely adopted as remote sensing platforms for road traffic monitoring in urban areas and on highways. The problem of traffic monitoring on Region of Interest (RoI) based on drone imagery is a challenging task, especially when the surveillance drone is constantly moving. In this work, two specific subtasks have been addressed. The goal of the first stage is to predict the RoI in drone imagery of traffic scenes using deep-learning (DL)-based approaches instead of traditional image processing; in this connection, the goal of the second task is to perform vehicle detection on the selected RoI. To ensure diversity and robustness, drone images with different altitudes, positions, and view points have been considered. To achieve these goals, two custom aerial data sets for RoI extraction and detection were built by collecting aerial sequences from flying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and by transmitting them to the base station leveraging 5G technology. Two different ad hoc DL-based architectures have been designed for the RoI extraction task to maximize the accuracy and inference speed, respectively, and have been evaluated on two different data sets: 1) a custom-built data set and 2) a Massachusetts roads data set. Finally, the models providing the best performance have been combined to further improve the overall results. Experimental tests show that the proposed framework represents a promising solution for drone-based road traffic monitoring in critical areas, exploiting imagery from a variety of viewing angles and altitudes.
Real-time detection of hidden traffic patterns (2004)

We address the problem of fast automatic identification of traffic patterns in core networks with high speed links carrying large numbers of flows. This problem has applications in detecting DoS attacks, traffic management, and network security. The typical measurement and identification objective is to determine flows that use up a disproportionate fraction of network resources. Several schemes have been devised to measure large flows efficiently assuming that the notion of what constitutes a flow is well defined a priori. However, there are many scenarios where traffic patterns are hidden in the sense that there is no clear knowledge of what exactly to look for and there is no natural a priori definition of flow. In This work, we develop an effective scheme to identify and measure hidden traffic patterns. The approach is flexible enough to automatically identify interesting traffic patterns for further evaluation. The basic idea is to extend the runs based approach proposed in (Kodialam, M. et al., 2004) to the case where flow definitions are not known a priori. A straightforward extension is both memory and processing intensive. We develop an efficient scheme that has good theoretical properties and does extremely well in practice.
Branch and Cut and Price for the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows (2009)

In the pickup and delivery problem with time windows vehicle routes must be designed to satisfy a set of transportation requests, each involving a pickup and delivery location, under capacity, time window, and precedence constraints. This paper introduces a new branch-and-cut-and-price algorithm in which lower bounds are computed by solving through column generation the linear programming relaxation of a set partitioning formulation. Two pricing subproblems are considered in the column generation algorithm: an elementary and nonelementary shortest path problem. Valid inequalities are added dynamically to strengthen the relaxations. Some of the previously proposed inequalities for the pickup and delivery problem with time windows are also shown to be implied by the set partitioning formulation. Computational experiments indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms a recent branch-and-cut algorithm.
A 1.2-V 77-dB 7.5-MHz Continuous-Time/Discrete-Time Cascaded &#x003A3;&#x00394; Modulator (2007)

A hybrid ΣΔ modulator combines the anti-aliasing filtering and high sampling rate advantages of a continuous-time first stage with a low-power discrete-time second stage. A 0.18-μm CMOS experimental prototype samples signals at 240 MHz and achieves 77 dB of dynamic range and a peak SNDR of 67 dB for a signal bandwvidth of 7.5 MHz, while dissipating 63.6 mW of analog power from a 1.2-V supply.
Particular periodic solutions to a nonintegrable system of Schrödinger nonlinear equations and their eigenvalues (2013)

Particular solutions to the general case of a nonintegrable system of Schrödinger nonlinear equations in the form of a family of cnoidal waves are found on the assumption of linear relationship between the squared moduli of the orthogonal components of a vector field. The domains of existence of solutions and the corresponding spectra of eigenvalues are determined.
Intravenous corticosteroids in the postpartum period for reduction of acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis (2004)

In order to assess the effectiveness of monthly intravenous corticosteroids in reducing childbirth-associated acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis (MS), we compared pregnant patients followed up in our MS clinic. During the first period (1996-1998), 22 patients did not receive any treatment after delivery. During the second period (1999-2001), following the publication of the PRIMS study, 20 patients were treated monthly with 1 g of intravenous corticosteroids during the six months of the postpartum period. In both groups the relapse rate increased during the first trimester postpartum but it was higher in the untreated group (2+/-0.66 [mean+/-SD]) compared with the treated group (0.8+/-0.41) (P=0.018), suggesting a beneficial effect of monthly intravenous corticosteroids.
CD44 Selectively Associates With Active Src Family Protein Tyrosine Kinases Lck and Fyn in Glycosphingolipid-Rich Plasma Membrane Domains of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes (1998)

CD44 is the major cell surface receptor for the extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan and is implicated in a variety of biological events that include embryonic morphogenesis, lymphocyte recirculation, inflammation, and tumor metastasis. CD44 delivers activation signals to T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and macrophages by stimulating protein tyrosine phosphorylation and calcium influx. The mechanism of signal transduction via CD44 remains undefined, although CD44 was shown to physically associate with intracellular protein tyrosine kinase Lck in T lymphocytes. In the present report, we show that a significant proportion of CD44 in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes and endothelial cells is associated with low-density plasma membrane fractions that represent specialized plasma membrane domains enriched in glycosphingolipids and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. CD44 and the GPI-anchored CD59 do not appear to directly interact in the low-density membrane fractions. In human peripheral blood T lymphocytes, 20% to 30% of the Src family protein tyrosine kinases, Lck and Fyn, are recovered from these fractions. CD44-associated protein kinase activity was selectively recovered from the low-density membrane fractions, corresponding to glycosphingolipid-rich plasma membrane microdomains. Reprecipitation of the in vitro phosphorylated proteins showed that CD44 associates not only with Lck but also with Fyn kinase in these membrane domains. Our results suggest that cellular stimulation via CD44 may proceed through the signaling machinery of glycosphingolipid-enriched plasma membrane microdomains and, hence, depend on the functional integrity of such domains.
Energy-Motion Features Aggregation Network for Players’ Fine-Grained Action Analysis in Soccer Videos (2023)

Rich and complex events in sports have led to the development of a wide-variety of techniques for interpreting content of sports videos in terms of players’ actions, poses, gait, performance, etc. This is due to the requirements from coaches, trainers and players who expect to analyze actions in top sports events, as well as sports fans who practice to imitate professional playing skills, e.g., dribbling, shooting, etc. However, this poses two key challenges for automated sports analysis community. Firstly, there are extremely limited public sports datasets. Secondly, recent advances in interpretations of sports activities, e.g., soccer, are predominantly made through analyzing coarse-grained contents. Players’ fine-grained skills analysis still remains under-explored. To alleviate these problems, this paper (a) collects the dataset of highlight videos of soccer players, including two coarse-grained action types of soccer players and six fine-grained actions of players. Detailed annotations are provided for the collected dataset, in terms of action classes, bounding boxes, segmentation maps, and body keypoints of soccer players, and positions of a soccer ball in a game. (b) leverages the understanding of complex highlight videos by proposing an energy-motion features aggregation network-EMANet to fully exploit energy-based representation of soccer players movements in video sequences and explicit motion dynamics of soccer players in videos for soccer players’ fine-grained action analysis. Experimental results and ablation studies validate the proposed approach in recognizing soccer players actions using the collected soccer highlight video datasets.
Secure crowdsourcing-based cooperative pectrum sensing (2013)

Cooperative (spectrum) sensing is a key function for dynamic spectrum access and is essential for avoiding interference with licensed primary users and identifying spectrum holes. A promising approach for effective cooperative sensing over a large geographic region is to rely on special spectrum-sensing providers (SSPs), which outsource spectrum-sensing tasks to distributed mobile users. Its feasibility is deeply rooted in the ubiquitous penetration of mobile devices into everyday life. Crowdsourcing-based cooperative spectrum sensing is, however, vulnerable to malicious sensing data injection attack, in which a malicious CR users submit false sensing reports containing power measurements much larger (or smaller) than the true value to inflate (or deflate) the final average, in which case the SSP may falsely determine that the channel is busy (or vacant). In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to enable secure crowdsourcing-based cooperative spectrum sensing by jointly considering the instantaneous trustworthiness of mobile detectors in combination with their reputation scores during data fusion. Our scheme can enable robust cooperative sensing even if the malicious CR users are the majority. The efficacy and efficiency of our scheme have been confirmed by extensive simulation studies.
One‐Electron Photoreduction of Bacterial Cytochrome P‐450 by Ultraviolet Light (1982)

The intramolecular photoreduction of the bacterial cytochrome P-450 demonstrated by the formation of the complex of reduced cytochrome m with camphor and CO has been studied by photolysis with a laser flash at 265 nm. This photoreduction of the heme follows the photoionization of a proximal aromatic amino acid residue and especially tryptophan in the nanosecond time scale as evidenced by the N2O effect on the reduction yield. However most of the hydrated electrons released in the solution do not react with the ferric porphyrin. In agreement with steady state studies, the quantum yield for formation of the complex of reduced cytochrome m with camphor and CO is proportional to the concentration of the high-spin species. The low-spin ferric porphyrin is thus not reducible by photoejected electrons. It is also shown that the growth kinetics of the transient absorbance at 446 nm characterizing the complex of reduced cytochrome m with camphor and CO correspond to a structural change affecting the protein and not to the formation of the complex of CO with the camphor-bound reduced cytochrome in which occurs on a shorter time scale in the present experimental conditions.
DEVELOPMENT OF A STANDARD CELL LIBRARY BASED ON DEEP SUB-MICRON SCMOS DESIGN RULES USING OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE (2005)

Producing designs based on sub-micron technologies at a competitive cost has always been a challenge for the manufacturers.Different Integrated Circuit (IC) implementation approaches have been adopted to reduce the design time and improve manufacturing costs [1].One of the methods is to use a 'Cell-Based' IC implementation approach using Standard Cell Libraries.However, the cost associated with the design or purchase of Standard Cell Libraries (Non-Recurring Expense (NRE)) has been increasing consistently with the shortening of device technology.Present day Semi-Custom Designs using submicron technologies have a NRE of four million dollars [6, 7, 8] and major part of the cost is accounted by the cost of CAD tools, including the cell libraries [9].As a result of this, the number of companies that can afford sub-micron Semi-Custom Design is very small.The high NRE also makes initial investments for the start-up companies huge and thus, making their entrance into highly competitive semiconductor market tough.In this thesis, a Standard Cell Library has been developed using open source software.Thus the need to use high cost associated CAD tools and Standard Cell Libraries provided by the vendors can be avoided.A Standard Cell Library of selected cells is developed successfully using Custom IC design flow with the help of open source software.The thesis gives an overview of the design flow adopted for the Standard Cell
Acceptor/Acceptor‐Substituted Diazo Reagents for Carbene Transfers: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Z‐Cyclopropanation of Alkenes with α‐Nitrodiazoacetates (2008)

Surprisingly cis-tematic! The cobalt(II) complex of a D2-symmetric chiral porphyrin is an effective catalyst for asymmetric cyclopropanation with α-nitrodiazoacetates (see scheme). The catalytic system is general and suitable for electron-sufficient, -neutral, and -deficient alkenes, forming the corresponding cyclopropane nitroesters in high yields. In addition to high diastereo- and enantioselectivity, the catalytic process exhibits atypical Z selectivity. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effects of anode material on arcjet performance (1992)

Anodes fabricated from four different materials were tested in a modular arcjet thruster at 1 kW power level on nitrogen/hydrogen mixtures. A two-percent thoriated tungsten anode served as the control. Graphite was chosen for its ease in fabrication, but experienced severe erosion in the constrictor and diverging side. Hafnium carbide and lanthanum hexaboride were chosen for their low work functions but failed due to thermal stress and reacted with the propellant. When compared to the thoriated tungsten nozzle, thruster performance was significantly lower for the lanthanum hexaboride insert and the graphite nozzle, but was slightly higher for the hafnium carbide nozzle. Both the lanthanum hexaboride and hafnium carbide nozzle operated at higher voltages. An attempt was made to duplicate higher performance hafnium carbide results, but repeated attempts at machining a second anode insert were unsuccessful. Graphite, hafnium carbide, and lanthanum hexaboride do not appear viable anode materials for low power arcjet thrusters.
Motion estimation and interpolation in time-varying imagery (1984)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1985.
New Tumor Biomarkers (2007)

This chapter describes the key elements in tumor biomarker development toward clinical use. In particular, it focuses on the analytical aspects of assay development and how to implement new tumor biomarkers in the clinical setting.
<title>Photofabrication of surface relief gratings on azobenzene polymer films</title> (1997)

Surface relief gratings were photofabricated on various polymer films containing azobenzene groups in the side chain or in the main chain. Formation of the surface relief gratings on the polymer was very sensitive to the polymer structures. The surface gratings were produced on the polymers containing photoisomerizable azobenzene groups. Recording of the gratings was strongly dependent on the polarization of the beams. The localized variations of magnitude and polarization of the resultant electric field in the film are essential to the formation of the surface relief gratings. Large surface modulation (greater than 6000 angstrom) and high diffraction efficiency (greater than 40% into each of plus or minus 1 order) were obtained under optimal recording conditions. The diffraction efficiency of the surface relief grating was dependent only on the total light energy incident on the film. The surface pattern resulting from straight edge diffraction mapped the negative first derivative of the intensity distribution. Fabrication of various multiple gratings on the same spot of the polymer films were demonstrated. Fourier blazed gratings were also fabricated. The resulting surface pattern was a simple superposition of all the interfering recording waves.
Harmonic Source Location at the Point of Common Coupling Based on the Nonlinearity Index of Load (2009)

Harmonic source quantitative location can not simply be achieved by the severity of load harmonic distortion at the point of common coupling (PCC) because the tested harmonic at PCC contains the background harmonic and the harmonic of given customer emission. Harmonics in distribution system are caused mainly by nonlinear loads. In view of this, a harmonic location method based on the nonlinearity index (NLI) of loads is proposed. In this method, the real parameters of loads are calculated by using the time domain model, and the linear parameters of loads are obtained by removing residual error. The nonlinearity index is calculated to evaluate the harmonic emission level. The simulation and the practical engineering results indicate that the proposed method is valid and feasible.
Three-phase induction motor for variable speed refrigerator compressor. (2011)

A major part of the power consumption in the low-wattage reciprocating compressors, used for household refrigeration units, is associated with the motor. A variable speed compressor as opposed to a single speed compressor is known to provide energy savings due to its ability to match the load demand from the pump more closely to the power demanded by the pump. The current article presents an overview of the design, optimization and test methodology for a variable-speed, three-phase induction motor, for a speed range of 2000-4500 RPM - the lowest speed determined to ensure proper lubrication of the pump and the highest speed determined by the maximum load expected to be experienced by the motor. A DOE-based transfer function for the motor efficiency was developed and then used for maximizing the motor efficiency over the operating speed range and torque requirements. The optimization was done using a genetic algorithm routine with appropriate manufacturability and operational constraints. A model based vector control strategy was also developed for operating the motor at the desired speed while delivering the torque-demand to the pump over the desired speed range. The algorithm was implemented on a NI LabVIEW FPGA Real Time Module. An intelligent power module was used to drive the three-phase motor. Finally, load tests would be performed on a dynamometer to evaluate the performance of the motor and controller over the entire speed and load ranges.
Pentamidine uptake in Leishmania donovani and Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and axenic amastigotes (1996)

A transport system for pentamidine in Leishmania donovani and Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and axenic amastigotes has been identified and characterized. Pentamidine is not metabolized by these parasites. Its uptake process is saturable, carrier-mediated and energy-dependent. This drug does not inhibit purine or pyrimidine uptake, whereas it inhibits uptake of several amino acids non-competitively and that of putrescine and spermidine competitively. The results suggest that pentamidine shares polyamine-carrier systems in these parasites.
Optimization of Alkylating Agent Prodrugs Derived from Phenol and Aniline Mustards: A New Clinical Candidate Prodrug (ZD2767) for Antibody-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (1995)

Sixteen novel potential prodrugs derived from phenol or aniline mustards and their 16 corresponding drugs with ring substitution and/or different alkylating functionalities were designed. The [[[4-]bis(2-bromoethyl)-(1a), [[[4-[bis(2-iodoethyl)-(1b), and [[[4-[(2-chloroethyl)-[2-(mesyloxy)ethyl]amino]phenyl]oxy] carbonyl]-L-glutamic acids (1c), their [[[2- and 3-substituted-4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]oxy]carbonyl]-L- glutamic acids (1e-1), and the [[3-substituted-4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]carbamoyl]-L- glutamic acids (1o-r) were synthesized. They are bifunctional alkylating agents in which the activating effect of the phenolic hydroxyl or amino function is masked through an oxycarbonyl or a carbamoyl bond to a glutamic acid. These prodrugs were designed to be activated to their corresponding phenol and aniline nitrogen mustard drugs at a tumor site by prior administration of a monoclonal antibody conjugated to the bacterial enzyme carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) in antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT). The synthesis of the analogous novel parent drugs (2a-r) is also described. The viability of a colorectal cell line (LoVo) was monitored with the potential prodrugs and the parent drugs. The differential in the cytotoxicity between the potential prodrugs and their corresponding active drugs ranged between 12 and > 195 fold. Compounds 1b-d,f,o exhibited substantial prodrug activity, since a cytotoxicity differential of > 100 was achieved compared to 2b-d,f,o respectively. The ability of the potential prodrugs to act as substrates for CPG2 was determined (kinetic parameters KM and kcat), and the chemical stability was measured for all the compounds. The unsubstituted phenols with different alkylating functionalities (1a-c) proved to have the highest ratio of the substrates kcat:KM. From these studies [[[4-[bis(2-iodoethyl)amino]phenyl]oxy]carbonyl]-L-glutamic acid (1b) emerges as a new ADEPT clinical trial candidate due to its physicochemical and biological characteristics.