gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4.9 A 1ms high-speed vision chip with 3D-stacked 140GOPS column-parallel PEs for spatio-temporal image processing (2017)

High-speed vision systems that combine high-frame-rate imaging and highly parallel signal processing enable instantaneous visual feedback to rapidly control machines over human-visual-recognition speeds. Such systems also enable a reduction in circuit scale by using a fast and simple algorithm optimized for high-frame-rate processing [1]. Previous studies on vision systems and chips [1-4] have yielded low imaging performance due to large matrix-based processing element (PE) parallelization [1-3], and low functionality of the limited-purpose column-parallel PE architecture [4], constraining vision-chip applications.
Velocity slip and translational nonequilibrium of ternary gas mixtures in free jet expansions (1977)

An aerodynamic isotope separation technique based on the velocity slip between gases in a rarefied flow has been proposed. To evaluate the efficiency of this separation technique, the velocity and translational temperature of the individual species in binary and ternary gas mixtures of argon and neon in helium have been studied in a low density hypersonic free jet. The velocity and temperature of the gas were determined from the Doppler shift and broadening of the fluorescence excited by an electron beam. Velocity slip and translational nonequilibrium were observed over a range of source pressures. A separation factor based on the velocity slip and temperatures was also determined. A comparison of the velocity slip, temperatures, and separation factor with the results of a Monte Carlo simulation of the flow field is presented.
A family of optimal locally recoverable codes (2014)

A code over a finite alphabet is called locally recoverable code (LRC code) if every symbol in the encoding is a function of a small number (at most r) other symbols. We present a family of LRC codes that attain the maximum possible value of the distance for a given locality parameter and code cardinality. The codes can be constructed over a finite field alphabet of any size that exceeds the code length. The codewords are obtained as evaluations of specially constructed polynomials over a finite field, and reduce to Reed-Solomon codes if the locality parameter r is set to be equal to the code dimension. The recovery procedure is performed by polynomial interpolation over r points. We also construct codes with several disjoint recovering sets for every symbol. This construction enables the system to conduct several independent and simultaneous recovery processes of a specific symbol by accessing different parts of the codeword. This property enables high availability of frequently accessed data.
An improved similarity measure algorithm based on point feature histogram (2014)

Currently, in 3D point cloud data field, different methods based on multi-value characteristics, which are utilized to measure the similarity between different point cloud data, are developed. These features are more dependent on low dimensional normal vector and curvature. In this paper, feature histogram of each point of the point cloud is calculated in high dimensional space. Through global feature information clustering, the mathematical distribution of feature is established in order to obtain the unique feature expression of point cloud data. According to the feature of point cloud data, this paper puts forward a new algorithm suitable for the similarity measure of point cloud data. The experiment result shows the improved algorithm works well for some occasions.
Influence of thigh muscle forces on anterior cruciate ligament forces during single-leg landing from three different heights (2010)

Over 200,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur every year amounting to billions of dollars being spent on the ACL annually. While the quadriceps muscle produces an anterior shear force on the tibia that causes the ACL to strain, the hamstrings muscle can protect the ACL by producing a posterior shear force to the tibia reducing the strain. When the hamstrings contract simultaneously with the quadriceps, ACL strains are considerably less compared to isolated quadriceps forces, thus the balance of hamstring and quadriceps muscle forces play a critical role in determining the forces on the ACL. During dynamic landing tasks, quadriceps demands increase as the landing height increases, which may cause the ACL to be more susceptible to injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle forces on ACL forces during single-leg landing from three different heights. We hypothesized that the ratio between hamstrings and quadriceps muscle forces would be negatively correlated to peak ACL forces during landing from three different heights. We anticipated that the hamstring to quadriceps ratio would decrease as landing height increased primarily due to the increased quadriceps demands.Â Â Three males with an average height of 1.75Â±0.07m with an average mass of 74.08Â±8.66kg and three females with an average height of 1.70Â±0.04m and an average mass of 55.93Â±6.83kg landed on their right leg from three different heights, 15cm, 30cm, and 45cm. Musculoskeletal modeling was used to estimate muscle forces. Regression analyses predicted the ACL forces from all three heights, and the heights pooled together. Â Â The results showed that the quadriceps muscles forces were strongly positively correlated to the peak ACL force while the hamstrings muscle forces were not significantly correlated to peak ACL force. Linear analysis showed the hamstring to quadriceps ratio to be moderately negatively correlated with peak ACL force (r[superscript]2 = 0.278), but nonlinear curve analysis showed a stronger relationship between these variables (r[superscript]2 = 0.425). However, as the landing height increased, these linear and nonlinear relationships both decreased. This signifies that another factor was contributing to the peak ACL force especially at higher heights. The combined influence of ground reaction forces and the hamstring to quadriceps ratio revealed that as landing height increased the ground forces became more of a factor in predicting peak ACL forces compared to the hamstring to quadriceps ratio being the dominant predictor at the lowest heights. Â Â In conclusion, the data support our hypothesis the hamstring to quadriceps ratio was inversely related to the peak ACL force although the strength of this relationship was height dependent. Further, as landing height increases, the ground reaction forces become the stronger predictor of peak ACL forces compared to the hamstring to quadriceps force ratio.Â Â
Miniature actuator driven photothermally using a shape-memory alloy (1993)

A miniature actuator, in which a shape-memory alloy is driven photothermally by a laser diode, is described. The force of 9.8 mN and the displacement of 58 μm were obtained by irradiation with a laser power of 10 mW for the shape-memory alloy. The cutoff frequency for the vibration amplitude of this actuator was 0.2 Hz.
Profiling the secretomes of plant pathogenic Proteobacteria (2005)

Secreted proteins are central to the success of plant pathogenic bacteria. They are used by plant pathogens to adhere to and degrade plant cell walls, to suppress plant defence responses, and to deliver bacterial DNA and proteins into the cytoplasm of plant cells. However, experimental investigations into the identity and role of secreted proteins in plant pathogenesis have been hindered by the fact that many of these proteins are only expressed or secreted in planta, that knockout mutations of individual proteins frequently have little or no obvious phenotype, and that some obligate and fastidious plant pathogens remain recalcitrant to genetic manipulation. The availability of genome sequence data for a large number of agriculturally and scientifically important plant pathogens enables us to predict and compare the complete secretomes of these bacteria. In this paper we outline strategies that are currently being used to identify secretion systems and secreted proteins in Proteobacterial plant pathogens and discuss the implications of these analyses for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms of plant pathogenesis.
Late-breaking abstract: Improving cell mediated immunity to non-typeable haemophilus influenzae in children with chronic suppurative lung disease (2014)

Finding an effective vaccine to protect against non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an important goal in bronchiectasis &amp; chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD). NTHi infection is common in both conditions and impaired cell-mediated immunity against NTHi has been documented. Aim: Determine if a H. influenzae protein D containing conjugate vaccine improves cytokine responses to NTHi in children with CSLD. Methods: 108 children with CSLD and 32 healthy children (median age 2 yrs) were included. Those who received the 10-valent pneumococcal H. influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) were compared with those who received multi-valent pneumococcal vaccine without protein D. Blood mononuclear cells were cultured with live NTHi. Results: Cells from CSLD children who had received 3 doses of PHiD-CV produced significantly more interferon gamma (IFN median 939; IQ range 247-2142 pg/ml) than cells from children who had received the alternative vaccines (median 338; IQ range 108-938 pg/ml; p=0.007). Importantly, the amount of IFN produced by cells from CSLD children receiving 3 doses of PHiD-CV approached that seen with healthy children. Having received 3 doses of PHiD-CV was also associated with small but significant increases in IL-13 and IL-5 (p &lt; 0.001 and p=0.007 respectively). Plasma protein D-specific IgG1 levels correlated with the number of PHiD-CV doses (p=0.02). Conclusions: Vaccination with PHiD-CV augments NTHi-specific cell mediated immunity in children with CSLD. Clinical trials are now warranted to determine whether these effects translate into improved protection against NTHi infections in children with CSLD.≥γγ≥≥
VASCULAR TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION AND PATTERN FORMATION IN PLANTS (2002)

Vascular tissues, xylem and phloem, are differentiated from meristematic cells, procambium, and vascular cambium. Auxin and cytokinin have been considered essential for vascular tissue differentiation; this is supported by recent molecular and genetic analyses. Xylogenesis has long been used as a model for study of cell differentiation, and many genes involved in late stages of tracheary element formation have been characterized. A number of mutants affecting vascular differentiation and pattern formation have been isolated in Arabidopsis. Studies of some of these mutants have suggested that vascular tissue organization within the bundles and vascular pattern formation at the organ level are regulated by positional information.
Leptospiral Selection, Growth, and Virulence in Synthetic Medium (1966)

Stalheim, O. H. V. (National Animal Disease Laboratory, Ames, Iowa). Leptospiral selection, growth, and virulence in synthetic medium. J. Bacteriol. 92:946-951. 1966.-The need for protein in leptospiral cultural medium may be circumvented by the use of strains which tolerate the lytic activity of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), a relatively nonlytic source of essential fatty acids. In an otherwise adequate medium, the primary function of a serum protein (bovine albumin fraction V) in the cultivation of Leptospira pomona was detoxification of fatty acids. Treatment to destroy or block end groups (amino, sulfhydryl, or hydroxyl) did not impair this function, but, after treatment with trypsin, albumin was inactive. Synthetic and derived peptides or polyvinylpyrrolidone did not substitute for albumin. L. pomona grew in medium with surface tension values of 44 to 58 dynes/cm(2); after growth, the values were increased slightly (5 to 8). The growth responses did not correlate with the surface tension of the medium, but they were in proportion to the concentration of Tween 80. Of six strains of L. pomona, five were transferred from medium containing rabbit serum and were subcultured in Tween synthetic medium (TSM) containing low, nonlytic concentrations (0.002%) of Tween 80. The poor antigenicity of L. pomona in carbon-limited TSM was associated with a deficiency of those carbonaceous cellular components which were extractable with 50% ethyl alcohol. After as few as four subcultures in TSM, L. pomona tolerated higher concentrations of Tween 80 (0.06% was optimal; MTSM). If grown on a shaker, the rate and amount of growth and the antigenicity of L. pomona in MTSM equaled that in medium supplemented with rabbit serum. After cultivation in MTSM, all of the five strains were avirulent when administered to hamsters, guinea pigs, and swine. They were still avirulent after three subcultures in complex media or after two serial passages in hamsters.
An efficient framework for autonomous underwater vehicle extended sensor networks for pipeline monitoring (2013)

Considerable advances have taken place in the area of sensor technology, which have lead smaller, less expensive sensing devices with higher processing, sensing, storage, and communication capabilities. Consequently, many environmental, commercial, and military applications have emerged for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Such WSNs can be used in the important field of oil, gas, and water pipeline monitoring. In this type of WSNs, due to the nature of the monitored structure, the nodes are lined up in a linear form, making a special class of these networks; We defined these in a previous paper as Linear Sensor Networks (LSNs). This paper focuses on using LSNs to monitor underwater pipelines where data is collected from the sensor nodes (SNs) and transmitted to a surface sink using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). In turn, the surface sink can transmit the data to the network control center (NCC) using the communication infrastructure that is available in the corresponding region (e.g. WiMAX, cellular, GPRS, satellite communication, etc.) We name this network architecture an AUV-based LSNs (ALSNs). The use of the AUV is due to the fact that a pure multihop approach to route the data all the way along the linear network which can extend for hundreds or even thousands of kilometers can be very costly from an energy dissipation point of view, thereby reducing the effective lifetime of the network. With this approach a significantly smaller transmission range can be used by the SNs. Furthermore, the strategy provides for reduced interference between the SN transmissions that can be caused by hidden terminal and collision problems, that would be expected if a pure multihop approach is used. Finally, different AUV movement strategies are offered and analysed under various network conditions with respect to the performance of important system metrics such as average data packet end-to-end delay and delivery ratio.
Input voltage switched dc-dc converter with improved transient performance (2008)

Slew rate in a power supply gets limited by the inductance value and the voltage across the inductor. Slew rate can be increased by reducing the inductance, but it results in higher inductor current ripple and hence higher losses in the power converters. In this paper, we present a novel scheme for increasing the slew rate without reducing the inductance value. The scheme operates only when there is a demand in the slew rate and restores to the normal operating conditions during steady state operation. It provides reduced voltage undershoots and faster settling times in output voltage during load transients. The proposed scheme is tested on a 1 V/12.5 A buck converter switching at 1MHz and the experimental results are presented.
P02.201 AD early response and remission of venlafaxine (ven: effexor®) and fluoxetine (flu: prozac®) in geriatric outpatients (2000)

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Expression of Costimulatory Molecules on Alveolar Macrophages in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (1999)

To verify whether alveolar macrophages (AM) of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) increase their antigen-presenting capacity by upregulating the expression of B7 costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86), and whether a viral infection enhances this expression whereas cigarette smoking abrogates it, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on 18 patients with HP; 10 asymptomatic, virus-exposed subjects (AS); 18 nonsmokers; and 12 smokers. Influenza virus infection of AM from nonsmokers and smokers was induced in vitro. Expression of CD80 and CD86 on AM, and of CD28 and CTLA4 on T cells, was evaluated. The percentage of CD80(+) AM was greater in HP patients (34.6 +/- 7.7) and in AS (23.9 +/- 7.6) than in nonsmokers (6.7 +/- 1.6) or smokers (2.5 +/- 0.3). An increase in CD86(+) cells (62.3 +/- 5.9) was found in HP patients as compared with nonsmokers (24.2 +/- 3.8) and smokers (4.5 +/- 1.0). CD28 and CTLA4 molecules were highly expressed on all T cells. In vitro virus infection upregulated CD80 and CD86 expression in AM of normal nonsmoking subjects but not on those of smokers. These results suggest that: (1) an upregulation of B7 molecule expression is involved in the lymphocytic alveolitis of HP; (2) a viral infection could enhance HP by increasing B7 expression; and (3) the protective effect of cigarette smoking in HP may be due to the low level of expression of costimulatory molecules on AM from smokers, and to their resistance to further upregulation.
Synthesis and Structural Reassignment of (+)-Epicalyxin F (2007)

We have established the structure of (+)-epicalyxin F through chemical synthesis. An acid-promoted rearrangement of synthetic benzopyran 6 led to the identification of the natural product as (3S,5S,7R)-epicalyxin F (22). Comparison with NMR spectra and optical rotation of the natural product confirms our assignment, and the reassigned structure is compatible with the proposed biosynthetic pathway.
A Low Frequency Horn of Small Dimensions (1941)

A new loudspeaker horn is described. It is a low frequency horn so folded as to utilize wall and floor reflections to improve the impedance match at the mouth. When operated in a room corner, the speaker is capable of reproducing sounds of wave-lengths over 8 times the actual apparatus dimensions with efficiency and smoothness of response comparable to theater “woofers” of several times the size of the device described. Since its size is approximately that of a console radio, it is applicable to living room use. Because of its high efficiency, its use for small theaters and recreation centers is indicated. With suitable modifications for one or more larger size driving units, it would be capable of delivering the large amounts of power required for large theaters. Units may be stacked or clustered for outdoor use. With a frequency range of 40 to 400 cycles it is capable of fine quality when used with a suitable high frequency unit, and since the high frequency unit needs to deliver power only down to 400 cycles it may be made quite small. The loading due to the horn offers a high real component of impedance for the diaphragm to work against, resulting in low diaphragm excursion and consequently the generation of negligible harmonic components compared with what would be generated by the same driving unit delivering the same sound output from a flat baffle. Motional impedance measurements show that the efficiency is good down to 40 cycles. The use of the corner, which is ordinarily waste space, and the arrangement of side baffles so that they, together with the room walls, form the terminal section of horn, results in a simple compact structure and a considerable saving in material. In spite of the small size there is no sacrifice in quality.
A Prospective Study of Positive Early-Life Psychosocial Factors and Favorable Cardiovascular Risk in Adulthood (2013)

Positive childhood psychosocial factors may promote healthy adult cardiovascular functioning. Primordial prevention efforts aimed at preventing the development of cardiovascular risk should consider building on childhood psychosocial resources.
Design of a low power image watermarking encoder using dual voltage and frequency (2005)

In this paper, we propose a VLSI architecture and provide prototype implementation of a chip that can insert both invisible and visible watermarks in DCT domain. To our knowledge, this is the first ever low power watermarking chip having such watermarking functionalities. Various techniques, such as multiple voltages, multiple frequency, and clock gating are incorporated to reduce power consumption of the chip. The proposed architecture has a three stage pipeline structure and also uses parallelism to improve the overall performance. A prototype chip is designed and verified using various Cadence and Synopsys tools using TSMC 0.25 /spl mu/m technology. It runs at a dual frequency of 280 MHz and 70 MHz and at a dual voltage of 2.5 V and 1.5 V and contains 1.4 M transistors. The average power consumption of the chip is estimated to be 0.3 mW, which is five times less than its single supply voltage and single frequency operation.
Differential Immune Induction with Subcutaneous versus Oral Administration of a Diabetogenic Insulin Peptide in the NOD Mouse (2004)

The B chain insulin peptide 9 to 23 (B:9-23) is a dominant T cell epitope of the NOD mouse. Given in oral form with multiple different vehicles, it did not alter expression of insulin autoantibodies in contrast to subcutaneous administration.
Influence of Mn doping on domain wall motion in Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 films (2011)

Mn-doped PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) films were utilized to study the effect of acceptor dopant concentration on the mobility of ferroelectric domain walls. For chemical solution deposited PZT films between ∼0.5–2μm in thickness doped with 1–2mol.% Mn, the low field relative permittivity remained between 900 and 1000. With increasing Mn concentration, a threshold field developed in the ac field dependence of the relative permittivity. Furthermore, both the reversible and irreversible Rayleigh constants decreased. These observations are consistent with the possibility that MnTi’–VO•• (or MnTi’’–VO••) defect dipoles act as strong pinning centers.
Mass Spectrometry Based Method to Increase Throughput for Kinome Analyses Using ATP Probes (2013)

Protein kinases play critical roles in many biological and pathological processes, making them important targets for therapeutic drugs. Here, we desired to increase the throughput for kinome-wide profiling. A new workflow coupling ActivX ATP probe (AAP) affinity reagents with isotopic labeling to quantify the relative levels and modification states of kinases in cell lysates is described. We compared the new workflow to a classical proteomics approach in which fractionation was used to identify low-abundance kinases. We find that AAPs enriched approximately 90 kinases in a single analysis involving six cell lines or states in a single run, an 8-fold improvement in throughput relative to the classical approach. In general, AAPs cross-linked to both the active and inactive states of kinases but performing phosphopeptide enrichment made it possible to measure the phospho sites of regulatory residues lying in the kinase activation loops, providing information on activation state. When we compared the kinome across the six cell lines, representative of different breast cancer clinical subtypes, we observed that many kinases, particularly receptor tyrosine kinases, varied widely in abundance, perhaps explaining the differential sensitivities to kinase inhibitor drugs. The improved kinome profiling methods described here represent an effective means to perform systematic analysis of kinases involved in cell signaling and oncogenic transformation and for analyzing the effect of different inhibitory drugs.