gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostate cancer: risk assessment and diagnostic approaches. (2001)

The successful treatment of prostate cancer relies on detection of the disease at its earliest stages. Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening has been a significant advance in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer, identifying specific genetic alterations in a given family or patient will allow more appropriate screening for early disease. Mapping and identification of specific prostate cancer susceptibility genes is slowly becoming a reality. Other prostate cancer risks include a family history, race, and possibly serum markers such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Once a high-risk man is identified, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsies are the standard to diagnose prostate cancer. Although TRUS is an advance over traditional digitally directed biopsies, it represents a random sampling of the prostate since most lesions cannot be visualized. Newer modalities such as ultrasound contrast agents, pattern recognition, and artificial neural networks (ANNs), applied to TRUS images, may improve diagnostic accuracy. If a man at risk for prostate cancer has undergone a negative TRUS biopsy, the decision for the need for additional biopsies is problematic. Use of PSA derivatives such as free and total PSA and the initial biopsy abnormalities such as atypia or high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia may define those patients in need of follow-up biopsy.
Desymmetrization ofmeso-N-Sulfonylaziridines with Chiral Nonracemic Nucleophiles and Bases (2001)

The cyclohexene-derived aziridine 7-tosyl-7-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (1) reacts with Grignard reagents in the presence of chiral nonracemic Cu-catalysts to afford sulfonamides 3a – e (Scheme 3) in up to 91% ee under optimized conditions (Table 2). No activation of the aziridine by Lewis acids is required. The reaction may be extended to other bicyclic N-sulfonylated aziridines, but aziridines derived from acyclic olefins, cyclooctene, and trinorbornene are unreactive under standard conditions (Scheme 5). Exposure of 1 to s-BuLi in the presence of (−)-sparteine (2.8 equiv.) affords the allylic sulfonamide 31 in 35% yield and 39% ee (Scheme 6). Under the same conditions, the aziridines 33 and 35 yield products 34 and 36 derived from intramolecular carbenoid insertion with 75 and 43% ee, respectively.
Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations for Minimum Energy Structures (2010)

We present an efficient method to find minimum energy structures using energy estimates from accurate quantum Monte Carlo calculations. This method involves a stochastic process formed from the stochastic energy estimates from Monte Carlo calculations that can be averaged to find precise structural minima while using inexpensive calculations with moderate statistical uncertainty. We demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm by minimizing the energy of the H2O-OH- complex and showing that the structural minima from quantum Monte Carlo calculations affect the qualitative behavior of the potential energy surface substantially.
Bombesin Improves Adaptive Immunity of the Salivary Gland During Parenteral Nutrition (2013)

Compared with chow, PN results in atrophy of the salivary glands characterized by reduced amylase, IgA, and immune cellularity. BBS has no effect on acinar cells or amylase activity compared with PN but maintains tissue IgA and plasma cells and T-lymphocyte numbers compared with chow.
Electrostatic Actuators with Intrinsic Stress Gradient (2002)

Electrostatic Actuators with Intrinsic Stress Gradient : I. Materials and Structures , Chinthakindi, Anil K., Bhusari, Dhananjay, Dusch, Brian P., Musolf, Jürgen, Willemsen, Balam A., Prophet, Eric, Roberson, Mark, Kohl, Paul A.
A GaAs/AlGaAs asymmetric Fabry-Perot reflection modulator with very high contrast ratio (1993)

Performance results for a normally on, electroabsorptive, surface-normal Fabry-Perot reflection modulator are presented. The device employs a cavity with a 100 AA GaAs/100 AA Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As multiple quantum well and top and bottom quarter-wave mirrors with 4 and 19.5 periods, respectively. Very low values of off-state reflectance were measured, giving a maximum contrast ratio >1000 (30 dB) and a maximum reflectance difference of 64.3%. The contrast ratio is, to the authors' knowledge, the largest reported to date.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A motion-classification strategy based on sEMG-EEG signal combination for upper-limb amputees (2017)

The study was approved by the ethics committee of Institutional Review Board of Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, and the reference number is SIAT-IRB-150515-H0077.
ICTIR Tutorial: Modern Query Performance Prediction: Theory and Practice (2020)

Query performance prediction (QPP) is a core information retrieval (IR) task whose primary goal is to assess retrieval quality in the absence of relevance judgments. Applications of QPP are numerous, and include, among others, automatic query reformulation, fusion and ranker selection, distributed search and content analysis. The main objective of this tutorial is to introduce recent advances in the sub-research area of QPP in IR, covering both theory and applications. On the theoretical side, we will introduce modern QPP frameworks, which have advanced our understanding of the core QPP task. On the application side, the tutorial will set the connection between QPP theory and its usage in various modern IR applications, discussing the pros and cons, limitations, challenges and open research questions.
Analysis of structural changes in bleached keratin fibers (black and white human hair) using Raman spectroscopy (2006)

To investigate the influence of bleaching treatments on keratin fibers, the structure of cross-sections at various depths of bleached human hair (black and white human hair) was directly analyzed without isolating the cuticle and cortex, using Raman spectroscopy. The S-S band intensity existing from the cuticle region to the center of cortex region of virgin white human hair decreased, while the S-O band intensity at 1040 cm(-1), assigned to cysteic acid, increased by performing the bleaching treatment. Especially, the S-O band intensity of the cuticle region increased remarkably compared with that of the cortex region. Also, the amide III (unordered) band intensity in the cortex region increased, indicating that some of the proteins existing throughout the cortex region changed to the random coil form. Moreover, it has been found that the S-S band intensity existing from the cuticle region to the center of the cortex region of the virgin black human hair decreased remarkably, while the S-O band intensity increased significantly compared with that of the virgin white human hair by performing the bleaching treatment. From these experiments, we concluded that the melanin granules including metal ions act as a decomposition accelerator for the oxidizing agent, thereby leading to a higher level of disulfide (-SS-) group cleavage in the black human hair compared with that of the white human hair.
Stable Mixed Hematopoietic Chimerism in Dogs Conditioned with Donor Antigen, Anti-CD154 Antibody and 100cGy TBI. (2005)

Abstract Stable mixed chimerism can be established in dogs given a sublethal dose of 200cGy total body irradiation (TBI) before and immunosupression with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and Cyclosporine (CSP). When the TBI dose is reduced to 100 cGy, only transient engraftment is observed. Here we asked whether stable engraftment after 100 cGy TBI could be accomplished by first reducing the intensity of host immune responsiveness with the help of an anti-CD154 antibody which blocks the CD40-CD154 pathway. Accordingly, recipients were given a single i.v. injection of 5 mg/kg anti-CD154 antibody (day -5) followed one day later by combined i.v./sc. injections of 107 peripheral white blood cells/kg from their intended DLA-identical littermate marrow donors. TBI, 100cGy (delivered at 7 cGy/min), was given on day 0 followed by infusion of a median of 4.22x108 marrow cells/kg. Postgrafting immunosuppression consisted of MMF (10mg/kg, BID, days 0 to 28) and CSP (15 mg/kg BID, days -1 to 35). Six dogs have been transplanted. Two dogs are too early after transplant for evaluation, while four dogs have been followed for &amp;gt;9, 12, &amp;gt;18 and &amp;gt;26 weeks. All four dogs had initial engraftment. Three of four dogs have continued to show stable mixed donor/host hematopoietic chimerism among lymphocytes and granulocytes from the peripheral blood. One dog rejected the graft 12 weeks after transplantation. All six transplanted dogs are alive and well. Besides mild allergic reactions to the antibody in five of the six dogs (redness of the eyes, skin rashes and dry mucous membranes), no additional side effects attributed to the pretransplant treatment were observed. Data were consistent with previous findings in dogs, in which the costimulatory signal between B7 and CD28 was blocked, and support the hypothesis, that stable marrow allografts would be established by combining non-myeloablative pretransplant host immunosuppression and posttransplant immunosupression of both host and donor cells using MMF and CSP.
Calcium and Magnesium Cations Enhance the Adhesion of Motile and Nonmotile Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Alginate Films (2008)

We investigated the impact of calcium and magnesium ions on the deposition kinetics of flagellated and nonflagellated Pseudomonas aeruginosa onto an alginate conditioning film in a radial stagnation point flow system. The bacterial deposition/adhesion behavior was related to structural changes of the alginate film in the presence of the divalent cations. Our results showed that adhesion of nonmotile bacteria was governed by cation bridging interactions between high-affinity sites at the bacterial surface and either clean or alginate-conditioned substrate surfaces. For motile bacteria, the adhesion onto clean quartz was governed by electrostatic interactions while adhesion onto alginate-conditioned quartz was dependent on the structure and viscoelastic properties of the alginate film in the presence of calcium or magnesium. We demonstrate that bacterial adhesion behavior is governed both by the effects of divalent cations on the surface properties of the bacteria and the substrate and by the type of specific interactions occurring between these two surfaces.
Autonomic motor neuron migration and expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced diaphorase are dependent upon peripheral target (1998)

Interactions of developing neurons with their postsynaptic targets play a significant role in neuronal differentiation. The goal of the present study was to determine if target contact affected the migration or differentiation of autonomic motor neurons (AMNs) in developing rat spinal cord. The peripheral targets of AMNs were excised microsurgically from histotypic spinal slices before the arrival of AMN axons. The migration of AMNs was assessed in DiI retrogradely labeled preparations, and the differentiation of these cells was evaluated by beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. In target-deprived specimens, NADPH-d expression in AMNs was virtually eliminated. In addition, DiI-labeled AMNs were scattered throughout the intermediate spinal gray matter instead of being aggregated in the intermediolateral nucleus as in control slices. This observation indicated that migration of AMNs had occurred, but that it had been disorganized significantly by target removal on embryonic day 13 (E13). In sham, "incision-only" specimens from which peripheral target tissue was not removed, AMNs expressed NADPH-d and migrated normally, indicating that axotomy alone was not sufficient to disrupt AMN development. Previous studies have shown that target removal after the arrival of AMN axons at their postsynaptic targets on E14 has no affect on the organized migration of AMNs (Barber et al. [1993] J. Neurosci. 13:4898-4907). This observation together with the present results indicate that initial target contact is necessary for both the differentiation and directed migration of AMNs, and that this contact does not need to be sustained for these developmental events to progress normally.
Supplementary Figure from Rapid Screening Using Pathomorphologic Interpretation to Detect <i>BRAF</i><sup>V600E</sup> Mutation and Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Rapid Screening Using Pathomorphologic Interpretation to Detect &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;V600E&lt;/sup&gt; Mutation and Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer
Double Resonant Raman Scattering in Graphite (2000)

We find that the electronic dispersion in graphite gives rise to double resonant Raman scattering for excitation energies up to 5 eV. As we show, the curious excitation-energy dependence of the graphite $D$ mode is due to this double resonant process resolving a long-standing problem in the literature and invalidating recent attempts to explain this phenomenon. Our calculation for the $D$-mode frequency shift ( $60{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}/\mathrm{eV}$) agrees well with the experimental value.
Designing for Feel: Contrasts between Human and Automated Parametric Capture of Knob Physics (2009)

We examine a crucial aspect of a tool intended to support designing for feel: the ability of an objective physical-model identification method to capture perceptually relevant parameters, relative to human identification performance. The feel of manual controls, such as knobs, sliders, and buttons, becomes critical when these controls are used in certain settings. Appropriate feel enables designers to create consistent control behaviors that lead to improved usability and safety. For example, a heavy knob with stiff detents for a power plant boiler setting may afford better feedback and safer operations, whereas subtle detents in an automobile radio volume knob may afford improved ergonomics and driver attention to the road. To assess the quality of our identification method, we compared previously reported automated model captures for five real mechanical reference knobs with captures by novice and expert human participants who were asked to adjust four parameters of a rendered knob model to match the feel of each reference knob. Participants indicated their satisfaction with the matches their renderings produced. We observed similar relative inertia, friction, detent strength, and detent spacing parameterizations by human experts and our automatic estimation methods. Qualitative results provided insight on users' strategies and confidence. While experts (but not novices) were better able to ascertain an underlying model in the presence of unmodeled dynamics, the objective algorithm outperformed all humans when an appropriate physical model was used. Our studies demonstrate that automated model identification can capture knob dynamics as perceived by a human, and they also establish limits to that ability; they comprise a step towards pragmatic design guidelines for embedded physical interfaces in which methodological expedience is informed by human perceptual requirements.
OPTICAL REFLECTIVITY STUDY ON THE SINGLE CRYSTALLINE (La1−xSrx)2CuO4 (1988)

The optical reflectivity spectra were measured for single crystalline La 2 CuO 4 and La 1.8 Sr 0.2 CuO 4 over a wide energy range from 12meV to 3eV. Comparing the phonon spectrum of single crystal with that of polycrystal, the observed four phonon modes can be classified into the two—the vibrations parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis. The infrared spectrum of La 1.8 Sr 0.2 CuO 4 shows the normal Drude-type behavior without any extra excitation.
The effect of smoking on quantification of aortic stiffness by ultrasound time-harmonic elastography (2022)

Smoking is a significant cardiovascular risk factor that causes stiffening of the central arteries, especially the aorta. While vessel stiffness can be determined indirectly by measuring pulse wave velocity, elastography allows image-based determination of vessel stiffness while at the same time providing information on vascular morphology. This study compares abdominal aortic wall stiffness as measured by ultrasound time-harmonic elastography (THE) in fifteen smokers and fifteen age-matched non-smoking controls without a history of cardiovascular disease. Smokers had a significantly higher abdominal aortic wall stiffness with a mean shear wave speed of 2.66 m/s (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.59-2.72 m/s) compared to 2.40 m/s (95% CI 2.34-2.47 m/s) (p < 0.01) in the group of non-smokers. All other baseline characteristics including aortic diameter showed no significant differences. Inter-rater variability was excellent with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-0.99). Our results show that THE is sensitive to subclinical stiffening of the aorta in young and middle-aged smokers even before morphological changes occur and may therefore has the potential to serve as a screening tool for early aortic abnormalities and longitudinal risk factors for cardiovascular health.
Sediment-Body Geometry and Heterogeneity: Analogue Studies for Modelling the Subsurface (2014)

Over the past 20 years there has been a major growth in efforts to quantify the geometry and dimensions of sediment bodies from analogues to provide quantitative input to geological models. The aim of this volume is to examine the current state of the art, from both an industry and an academic perspective. Contributions discuss the challenges of extracting relevant data from different types of sedimentary analogue (outcrop, process models, seismic) and the application and significance of such information for improving predictions from subsurface static and dynamic models. Special attention is given to modelling reservoir properties and gridding issues for predicting subsurface fluid flow. As such, the volume is expected to be of interest to both the geoscience community concerned with the fundamentals of sedimentary architecture as well as geological modellers and engineers interested in how these characteristics are modelled and influence subsurface predictions.
5904An unusual case of recurrent large pericardial effusion with pre-tamponade (2017)

1432 Acute cardiac care: expect the unexpected!taneously returned, haemodynamic and neurological parameters gradually stabilised and both RV-VAD and LV-VAD Impella weaning was completed after 6 and 8 days, respectively, following which an IABP was implanted via the left femoral artery.This was then removed 2 days later.The patient's hospital stay was also complicated by sepsis, with Staphylococcus hominis grown on blood cultures, which was managed with intravenous antibiotic therapy.After prolonged intensive care unit stay, the patient was transferred to the general Cardiology ward.A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance was performed and showed a partial recovery of the severe LV and RV dysfunction (EF 34% and 49% respectively) with the presence of diffuse late enhancement consistent with acute myocarditis.The patient was discharged home 23 days following initial presentation with a full recovery of both LV and RV function and with only minimal neurological impairment.Summary: We report a rare case of fulminant myocarditis requiring a comprehensive multidisciplinary team involvement, which was successfully treated with Bi-VAD (Impella CP ® , Impella RP ® ).Double Impella implantation is feasible and can have good outcomes in patients with contraindication to ECMO.
A Transmembrane Hybrid-Type Histidine Kinase in Arabidopsis Functions as an Osmosensor (1999)

Water deficit and the resulting osmotic stress affect plant growth. To understand how plant cells monitor and respond to osmotic change from water stress, we isolated a cDNA from dehydrated Arabidopsis plants. This cDNA encodes a novel hybrid-type histidine kinase, ATHK1. Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping showed that the ATHK1 gene is on chromosome 2. The predicted ATHK1 protein has two putative transmembrane regions in the N-terminal half and has structural similarity to the yeast osmosensor synthetic lethal of N-end rule 1 (SLN1). The ATHK1 transcript was more abundant in roots than other tissues under normal growth conditions and accumulated under conditions of high or low osmolarity. Histochemical analysis of beta-glucuronidase activities driven by the ATHK1 promoter further indicates that the ATHK1 gene is transcriptionally upregulated in response to changes in external osmolarity. Overexpression of the ATHK1 cDNA suppressed the lethality of the temperature-sensitive osmosensing-defective yeast mutant sln1-ts. By contrast, ATHK1 cDNAs in which conserved His or Asp residues had been substituted failed to complement the sln1-ts mutant, indicating that ATHK1 functions as a histidine kinase. Introduction of the ATHK1 cDNA into the yeast double mutant sln1Delta sho1Delta, which lacks two osmosensors, suppressed lethality in high-salinity media and activated the high-osmolarity glycerol response 1 (HOG1) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). These results imply that ATHK1 functions as an osmosensor and transmits the stress signal to a downstream MAPK cascade.
A new towed array shape estimation scheme for real-time sonar systems (1996)

In real-time towed array systems, performance degradation of array gain occurs when beamforming is carried out on the sensor outputs of a line array which is not straight. In this paper, a new method is proposed for array shape estimation. The procedure consists of two steps. First, the tow-point-induced motion is formulated in the time domain based on the constraints from the tow-point compass-sensor readings and from a discretized Paidoussis equation. At each time instance, the shape estimate is solved from a linear system of equations. It is shown that this solution is equivalent to a previous frequency-domain solution, while the new approach is much simpler. In the second step, the tail compass-sensor data are used to adjust the overall array shape. By noting that variations in the ship speed lead to a distortion in the normalized time axis, the predicted tail displacements are first registered with the tail sensor readings along the time axis. Then distortions in the estimated array shape over its length can be compensated accordingly. A slow-changing bias between sensor zeros is also modeled in order to remove systematic sensor errors. The effectiveness of the new algorithm is demonstrated with real sea-trial data.
Effect of Anterior Mobilization and Shortening in the Correction of Rigid Idiopathic Thoracic Scoliosis (2013)

4.