gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Salinity-Induced Changes in Ion Concentrations of ‘Hass’ Avocado Trees on Three Rootstocks (2007)

ABSTRACT The effect of salinity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 dS m− 1) on ion concentrations [magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl)] of one-year-old ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees on one of three rootstocks [‘Duke 7’ (D7), ‘Toro Canyon’ (TC), or ‘Thomas’ (TH)] was investigated. Concentrations of Mg decreased in roots, stems, and older leaves with increasing substrate salinity. Salinity had no effect on Ca concentration of the trees. Potassium concentrations decreased in roots of all trees and stems of trees on TH. Potassium concentrations either remained unchanged or increased at salinity levels of 3.0 dS m− 1 and above in leaves and buds of all trees. Sodium increased in roots and woody organs in trees on all rootstocks. Leaf Na concentrations increased with salinity in trees on D7 and TH, but not TC. Chloride increased in all organs of all trees with increasing salinity, but to the greatest extent in trees on TH and to the least extent in trees on TC. At high substrate salinity concentrations, leaves of trees on TH rootstock had the highest leaf concentrations of Na and Cl, and the highest Na:K ratios. Sodium and chloride concentrations were correlated with necrosis in older leaves of TH, but less so in leaves of trees on TC or D7. Based on percent necrosis in older leaves with increased salinity, trees on TH performed poorest, whereas trees on TC exhibited the greatest salt tolerance. Leaf necrosis was consistently observed at Cl concentrations of 4 mg g− 1 or more, and at Na:K ratios of 0.01 or more in older leaves. Chloride concentration and Na:K ratio in older leaves appears to be a useful marker for salinity tolerance screening in avocado rootstocks. The relative tolerance of the various rootstocks appeared to be due primarily to their ability to exclude Na and Cl from the leaves.
Aspartate aminotransferase catalyzed oxygen exchange with solvent from oxygen-18-enriched .alpha.-ketoglutarate: evidence for slow exchange of enzyme-bound water (1989)

Partitioning of the ketimine (or ketimine + quinonoid) intermediate(s) in the mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase reactions was investigated by following the rates of loss of 18O from carbonyl-18O-enriched alpha-ketoglutarate together with the rate of L-glutamate formation. The ratio of these rate constants was found to equal 1 at 10 degrees C, implying that the above intermediate(s) face(s) equal barriers with respect to the forward and reverse reactions. This partition ratio of 1 together with that measured from the alpha-amino acid side of the reaction [Julin, D.A., Wiesinger, H., Toney, M. D., & Kirsch, J.F. (1989) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)] suggests that the rate constant for exchange of alpha-ketoglutarate-derived H2(18)O from the ketimine (or ketimine + quinonoid) form(s) of the enzyme with solvent is comparable with that for kcat.
Potential role for Streptococcus gordonii‐derived hydrogen peroxide in heme acquisition by Porphyromonas gingivalis (2018)

Streptococcus gordonii, an accessory pathogen and early colonizer of plaque, co-aggregates with many oral species including Porphyromonas gingivalis. It causes α-hemolysis on blood agar, a process mediated by H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> and thought to involve concomitant oxidation of hemoglobin (Hb). Porphyromonas gingivalis has a growth requirement for heme, which is acquired mainly from Hb. The paradigm for Hb heme acquisition involves the initial oxidation of oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) to methemoglobin (metHb), followed by heme release and extraction through the actions of K-gingipain protease and/or the HmuY hemophore-like protein. The ability of S. gordonii to mediate Hb oxidation may potentially aid heme capture during co-aggregation with P. gingivalis. Hemoglobin derived from zones of S. gordonii α-hemolysis was found to be metHb. Generation of metHb from oxyHb by S. gordonii cells was inhibited by catalase, and correlated with levels of cellular H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> production. Generation of metHb by S. gordonii occurred through the higher Hb oxidation state of ferrylhemoglobin. Heme complexation by the P. gingivalis HmuY was employed as a measure of the ease of heme capture from metHb. HmuY was able to extract iron(III)protoporphyrin IX from metHb derived from zones of S. gordonii α-hemolysis and from metHb generated by the action of S. gordonii cells on isolated oxyHb. The rate of HmuY-Fe(III)heme complex formation from S. gordonii-mediated metHb was greater than from an equivalent concentration of auto-oxidized metHb. It is concluded that S. gordonii may potentially aid heme acquisition by P. gingivalis by facilitating metHb formation in the presence of oxyHb.
Trench and hole patterning with EUV resists using dual frequency capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) (2015)

Patterning at 10 nm and sub-10 nm technology nodes is one of the key challenges for the semiconductor industry. Several patterning techniques are under investigation to enable the aggressive pitch requirements demanded by the logic technologies. EUV based patterning is being considered as a serious candidate for the sub-10nm nodes. As has been widely published, a new technology like EUV has its share of challenges. One of the main concerns with EUV resists is that it tends to have a lower etch selectivity and worse LER/LWR than traditional 193nm resists. Consequently the characteristics of the dry etching process play an increasingly important role in defining the outcome of the patterning process. In this paper, we will demonstrate the role of the dual-frequency Capacitively Coupled Plasma (CCP) in the EUV patterning process with regards to improving LER/LWR, resist selectivity and CD tunability for holes and line patterns. One of the key knobs utilized here to improve LER and LWR, involves superimposing a negative DC voltage in RF plasma at one of the electrodes. The emission of ballistic electrons, in concert with the plasma chemistry, has shown to improve LER and LWR. Results from this study along with traditional plasma curing methods will be presented. In addition to this challenge, it is important to understand the parameters needed to influence CD tunability and improve resist selectivity. Data will be presented from a systematic study that shows the role of various plasma etch parameters that influence the key patterning metrics of CD, resist selectivity and LER/LWR. This work was performed by the Research Alliance Teams at various IBM Research and Development Facilities.
Publish-subscribe services for urgent and emergency response (2009)

In urgent and emergency response situations, publish-subscribe services need to go beyond information dissemination to facilitate response collection, and even collaboration, among the recipients. We introduce flexible delivery, role-based subscription guidance, and historical event matching to address the requirements of urgent response applications. Flexible delivery allows publishers to choose the most appropriate communication technique for the urgent situation. Role-based guidance provides an interface for subscribing to events from the user's perspective. Historical event matching allows subscribers to join ongoing collaborations for events that occurred in the past. Together theses techniques allow the creation and support of ad hoc communities of interest to address urgent situations. We report our experience with these techniques during 3 years of production use for escalating product repair issues for our company. Forum provides the first production use cases that require historical matching of persistent events in publish-subscribe services.
Introduction of the Cyano Group by Substitution of a Halogen (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF (E,E)‐1,4‐DIBENZOYL‐1,3‐BUTADIENE WITH O‐PHENYLENEDIAMINE (1978)

Abstract Aus dem ungesättigten Diketon (I) und o‐Phenylendiamin (II) erhält man in siedendem 1‐Propanol über diskutierte Mechanismen ein Gemisch der Verbindungen 89 (III)‐(V).
Capacity Bounds Under Imperfect Polarization Tracking (2022)

In optical fiber communication, due to the random variation of the environment, the state of polarization (SOP) fluctuates randomly with time leading to distortion and performance degradation. The memory-less SOP fluctuations can be regarded as a two-by-two random unitary matrix. In this paper, for what we believe to be the first time, the capacity of the polarization drift channel under an average power constraint with imperfect channel knowledge is characterized. An achievable information rate (AIR) is derived when imperfect channel knowledge is available and is shown to be highly dependent on the channel estimation technique. It is also shown that a tighter lower bound can be achieved when a unitary estimation of the channel is available. However, the conventional estimation algorithms do not guarantee a unitary channel estimation. Therefore, by considering the unitary constraint of the channel, a data-aided channel estimator based on the Kabsch algorithm is proposed, and its performance is numerically evaluated in terms of AIR. Monte Carlo simulations show that Kabsch outperforms the least-square error algorithm. In particular, with complex, Gaussian inputs and eight pilot symbols per block, Kabsch improves the AIR by 0.20 to 0.30 bits/symbol throughout the range of studied signal-to-noise ratios.
An Overview of the Cell Cycle (2002)

The recent school gate protests about the inclusion of LGBT identities in the curriculum suggest that sexual identity remains an issue of moral panic in UK schools. Given this current climate, and the legacy of Section 28, schools have rarely been easy workplaces for LGBT teachers. For LGBT teachers, significant energy and vigilance is required then to navigate the heteronormative and cis-normative staffroom and classroom. There is evidence that LGBT teachers try to remain as invisible as possible in their schools so as to not draw attention to themselves (Lee, 2019a). Some avoid promotion to school leadership roles fearing that the status will necessitate greater personal scrutiny by school stakeholders. Based on key attributes including, reading people, compassion, and commitment to the inclusion of others, making connections managing uncertainty, courage, and risk-taking, this perspective piece argues that some of the strategies LGBT teachers deploy to manage the intersection of personal and professional identities in school equip them with an array of particular skills that are conducive to excellent school leadership.
Operative treatment of failed repairs of the rotator cuff. (1992)

Thirty-one patients had a repeat repair after a failure of a previously performed repair of the rotator cuff, and the causes of the original failure and the results of the repeat repair were analyzed. The clinical situation was complex, with multiple factors contributing to the failures. A large or massive tear of the cuff in thirty patients (97 per cent) and persistent subacromial impingement in twenty-eight patients (90 per cent) were the most common factors associated with failure. The over-all result of the repeat repair was satisfactory in sixteen patients (52 per cent) and unsatisfactory in fifteen (48 per cent). Twenty-five patients (81 per cent) had satisfactory relief of pain. However, fourteen patients (45 per cent) had persistent weakness that led to an unsatisfactory result. The factors that were associated with a better result were an intact acromion, an intact origin of the deltoid muscle, and the finding that the remaining tissue of the rotator cuff was of good quality. The factors that were associated with an inferior result were a previous lateral acromionectomy, a previously detached origin of the deltoid muscle, and the finding that the tissue of the rotator cuff that was available at the time of the repeat operation was of poor quality. Persistent pain is the primary indication for a repeat repair. The functional results are not as predictable, especially when the tissue of the cuff is poor and the deltoid origin has been detached previously.
Recent developments in solvent absorption technologies at the CO2CRC in Australia (2009)

A 25 TPD post-combustion CO2 capture plant for brown coal and a 0.5TPD pre-combustion CO2 capture IGCC process have been designed and are being built in Victoria, Australia to assess developments in solvent absorption capture technologies. In this paper, the flowsheets developed for these processes will be discussed along with the underpinning research in the following areas: New contact equipment — recent work has shown that the SMR packing has enhanced performance over structured packing and standard Pall rings. The influence of promoters to enhance kinetics - using a wetted-wall column, experiments have been conducted with boric acid added to potassium carbonate solvent with results showing an enhancement in CO2 absorption rates. The influence of flue gas impurities - post-combustion impurities, including SOx and NOx, have been studied with potassium carbonate to evaluate their effects on CO2 absorption. Process modeling — ASPEN Plus™ simulations have been developed to predict column performance and the effects of impurities on the equilibrium relationship.
Exercise and functional foods (2006)

Appropriate nutrition is an essential prerequisite for effective improvement of athletic performance, conditioning, recovery from fatigue after exercise, and avoidance of injury. Nutritional supplements containing carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals have been widely used in various sporting fields to provide a boost to the recommended daily allowance. In addition, several natural food components have been found to show physiological effects, and some of them are considered to be useful for promoting exercise performance or for prevention of injury. However, these foods should only be used when there is clear scientific evidence and with understanding of the physiological changes caused by exercise. This article describes various "functional foods" that have been reported to be effective for improving exercise performance or health promotion, along with the relevant physiological changes that occur during exercise.
An Iterative Substructuring Algorithm for Two-Dimensional Problems in H(curl) (2012)

A domain decomposition algorithm, similar to classical iterative substructuring algorithms, is presented for two-dimensional problems in the space $H_0(\mbox{curl};\Omega)$. It is defined in terms of a coarse space and local subspaces associated with individual edges of the subdomains into which the domain of the problem has been subdivided. The algorithm differs from others in three basic respects. First, it can be implemented in an algebraic manner that does not require access to individual subdomain matrices or a coarse discretization of the domain; this is in contrast to algorithms of the BDDC, FETI–DP, and classical two-level overlapping Schwarz families. Second, favorable condition number bounds can be established over a broader range of subdomain material properties than in previous studies. Third, we are able to develop theory for quite irregular subdomains and bounds for the condition number of our preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm, which depend only on a few geometric parameters. The coarse space for the algorithm is based on simple energy minimization concepts, and its dimension equals the number of subdomain edges. Numerical results are presented which confirm the theory and demonstrate the usefulness of the algorithm for a variety of mesh decompositions and distributions of material properties.
Smart Machine Health and Maintenance: Tool Assembly Prognostics (2008)

It is well-established that unbalance in tool assembly causes excessive loads on spindle bearings and tool wear and increased vibration levels. However, in the days where high-speed machining (HSM) has become a common practice in the manufacturing industry, methodologies to measure tool assembly unbalance are not developed. In HSM the effects are worse, as the unbalance force is directly proportional to square of the spindle speed. Common practice in industry is to balance the tool assembly either with in-house balancing machines or use third-party balancing services after every batch cycle. This paper describes a data-driven methodology that detects the presence of unbalance in a tool assembly relative to the tools with known balance levels. The unbalance detection prognostic application developed as part of the Smart Machine Platform Initiative (SMPI) checks for the threshold unbalance level in the tool assembly for the given machining requirements before the start of any run. This approach uses statistical tools and a supervised learning algorithm based on the Watchdog Agent® toolbox developed by the Center for Intelligent Maintenance Systems. The proposed research finds high applicability in high-precision manufacturing operations involving high-volume production.
The CXCL5/CXCR2 axis is sufficient to promote breast cancer colonization during bone metastasis (2019)

Bone is one of the most common sites for metastasis across cancers. Cancer cells that travel through the vasculature and invade new tissues can remain in a non-proliferative dormant state for years before colonizing the metastatic site. Switching from dormancy to colonization is the rate-limiting step of bone metastasis. Here we develop an ex vivo co-culture method to grow cancer cells in mouse bones to assess cancer cell proliferation using healthy or cancer-primed bones. Profiling soluble factors from conditioned media identifies the chemokine CXCL5 as a candidate to induce metastatic colonization. Additional studies using CXCL5 recombinant protein suggest that CXCL5 is sufficient to promote breast cancer cell proliferation and colonization in bone, while inhibition of its receptor CXCR2 with an antagonist blocks proliferation of metastatic cancer cells. This study suggests that CXCL5 and CXCR2 inhibitors may have efficacy in treating metastatic bone tumors dependent on the CXCL5/CXCR2 axis.
The Effect of Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage on the Biorhythms of Feeding in Premature Infants (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Suck-swallow rhythmicity and the integration of breathing into infant feeding are developmentally regulated. Neurological injury and breathing abnormalities can both impact feeding in preterm infants. <b>Objective:</b> To determine the effects of neurologic injury independent of effects of disordered breathing on feeding biorhythms in premature infants. <b>Methods:</b> Low-risk preterm infants (LRP), infants with Grade 3-4 Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH), those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and those with both BPD and IVH (BPD+IVH) were identified. Forty-seven infants, 32-42 weeks Postmenstrual Age (PMA) were evaluated on one or more occasions (131 studies). Of these, 39 infants (81 studies) were performed at >35 weeks PMA. Coefficient of variation (COV) (=standard deviation of the inter-event (e.g., suck-suck, swallow-breath, etc.) interval divided by the mean of the interval) was used to quantify rhythmic stability. <b>Results:</b> To adjust for PMA, only those infants >35-42 weeks were compared. Suck-suck COV was significantly lower (more rhythmically stable) in the LRP group [COV = 0.274 ± 0.051 (S.D.)] compared to all other groups (BPD = 0.325 ± 0.066; IVH = 0.342 ± 0.072; BPD + IVH = 0.314 ± 0.069; all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Similarly, suck-swallow COV was significantly lower in LRP babies (0.360 ± 0.066) compared to the BPD group (0.475 ± 0.113) and the IVH cohort (0.428 ± 0.075) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The BPD+IVH group (0.424 ± 0.109), while higher, was not quite statistically significant. <b>Conclusions:</b> Severe IVH negatively impacts suck-suck and suck-swallow rhythms. The independent effect of neurological injury in the form of IVH on feeding rhythms suggests that quantitative analysis of feeding may reflect and predict neurological sequelae.
How social behaviour and life-history traits change with age and in the year prior to death in female yellow-bellied marmots (2021)

Studies in natural populations are essential to understand the evolutionary ecology of senescence and terminal allocation. While there are an increasing number of studies investigating late-life variation in different life-history traits of wild populations, little is known about these patterns in social behaviour. We used long-term individual based data on yellow-bellied marmots (<i>Marmota flaviventer</i>) to quantify how affiliative social behaviours and different life-history traits vary with age and in the last year of life, and how patterns compare between the two. We found that some social behaviours and all life-history traits varied with age, whereas terminal last year of life effects were only observed in life-history traits. Our results imply that affiliative social behaviours do not act as a mechanism to adjust allocation among traits when close to death, and highlight the importance of adopting an integrative approach, studying late-life variation and senescence across multiple different traits, to allow the identification of potential trade-offs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?'
Novel membrane extraction procedure for the purification of hepatitis B surface antigen from Pichia pastoris (2012)

The recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine provides excellent protection against hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, high costs of its production prevents many underdeveloped and developing nations from implementing HBsAg vaccination. This in turn increases the risk of contracting HBV related diseases. Majority of the commercial HBV vaccines are derived from purified HBsAg expressed in recombinant yeasts. Most of the cost in production of the vaccine is incurred during the downstream processing. The costs associated with HBsAg purification can be decreased by optimizing the pre-chromatography steps and by reducing the impurity burden on chromatography operations. Here in this work we present a novel strategy for the enriched extraction of recombinant HBsAg from Pichia pastoris membranes. We have also developed a simple, easy to operate process for the purification of HBsAg VLPs from the membranes of P. pastoris. This novel strategy, while utilizing a single column chromatographic step in the purification scheme results in the highest recovery of HBsAg VLPs reported in the literature. The yield of HBsAg at the end of purification was nearly 5% (85μg/g of induced wet cell biomass). The HBsAg purified from this process has shown the presence of VLPs. The immunization of these VLPs in BALB/c mice with alhydrogel adjuvant has shown good titers of neutralizing antibodies.
Thermal inertia mapping: A new view of the Earth (1977)

The thermal response of a substance to a time-varying surface power input is determined by its thermal inertia. Remote sensing (e.g., from satellites) can be utilized to measure this property, which is related to surface composition or to near-surface soil moisture. An algorithm is developed which relates thermal inertia to remote measurements of surface temperature and reflectance. Application to geosynchronous satellite data illustrates the contrast between irrigated and desert areas in the region north of the Gulf of California. The effect of local weather conditions (latent and sensible heat transfer to the atmosphere) must be estimated before precise values for thermal inertia can be specified.
High-speed GaAs heterojunction bipolar phototransistor grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1983)

A novel heterojunction phototransistor (HPT) structure is proposed using two base regions such that the emitter-base depletion region is located in the wide-gap material. Very small area HPTs have been fabricated on semi-insulating substrates. Maximum current gain is β = 300. The response time, with rise time as short as 250 ps and FWHM = 320 ps, has been obtained using a picosecond pulse dye laser.