gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acquired Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing &#946;-Lactamases and their Genetic Support - An Update (2005)

Carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamases of several Ambler molecular classes have been reported as the source of acquired β-lactam antibiotic resistance in Gram negative bacteria. The metallo-enzymes of Ambler class B are the most prevalent enzymes in this case. These clavulanic-acid resistant enzymes have a large spectrum of hydrolysis including penicillins, cephalosporins (third and fourth generations), carbapenems but not monobactams. They are responsible for acquired resistance in several Gram negative species of clinical relevance in human medicine. IMP-1 was the first reported as acquired in Japan, mostly from Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, and has been detected in Europe recently. Several variants of IMP-1 (IMP-2 to -13) have been characterized, possessing 85 to 99% amino acid identity, mostly from P. aeruginosa isolates. In addition, VIM-1 to -7 β-lactamases have also been described, first in Europe (Italy, France, and Greece) and now in Korea, Japan and also USA. The VIM series shares 30% amino acid identity with the IMP-series. Most of these class B enzymes have genes that are integron- and plasmid-located. Recently, another class B enzyme, SPM-1, has been identified from P. aeruginosa isolates in Brazil. This enzyme is weakly related to the others whereas sharing similar biochemical properties. The common region CR4 transposable element is likely involved in its acquisition. Finally, a few Ambler class A (SME-1, NMC-A, IMI-1/-2, KPC-1/-2) and class D (OXA-23 to - 27, OXA-40 and OXA-48) b-lactamases involved in carbapenem hydrolysis have been reported also from rare Gramnegative isolates. This review underlines the worldwide spread of carbapenem-hydrolyzing b-lactamases as representing an important threat for efficacy of antibiotics in the near future. Keywords: lactamase, carbapenems, antibiotic resistance, gram negative
ChemInform Abstract: CANNABIDIOLMONOMETHYLAETHER, EIN NEUES NEUTRALES CANNABINOID (1973)

Abstract Aus den Blättem des Hanfes "Minamioshihara Nr.
Semiconducting YBaCuO pyroelectric infrared detectorson suspended Si 3 N 4 films (1998)

Uncooled, micromachined pyroelectric infrared detectors based on semiconducting YBaCuO were fabricated and characterised at room temperature. The detectors were fabricated with CMOS compatible techniques that demonstrate a future ability to fabricate low-cost focal plane arrays. Pyroelectric coefficients were measured to be as high as 4.1 µC/cm2 K and detectivities over 108 cm·Hz1/2/W were measured.
Evaluation of portable vibrational spectroscopy for identifying plasticizers in dairy tubing (2022)

Plasticisers are commonly used to increase the flexibility of a wide variety of food contact materials including the plastic tubing, liners, and gaskets used in the dairy industry. In recent years, some classes of plasticisers have come under scrutiny due to the potential for transfer of these compounds into the milk itself, which can then be further processed into foods such as powdered milks and cheeses, infant formula, and baked goods. One such set of plasticisers that is being evaluated for frequency of use, potential routes of exposure, and risk to consumers is <i>ortho</i>-phthalates, hereafter referred to as phthalates. In order to better understand the actual use of phthalate versus non-phthalate plasticised tubing, a robust, rapid, and portable analytical method is necessary for on-site screening. Laboratory Raman and near-infrared spectrometers have been used extensively for polymer and additive evaluation, and advances in portable/hand-held technology could lead to feasible plasticiser evaluation in the field. This research overviews efforts to evaluate six portable spectroscopy devices for their ability to identify phthalate versus non-phthalate plasticised polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dairy tubing, liners, and gaskets. The most successful method, a hand-held Raman spectrometer along with a plasticiser spectral library or a chemometric model, can rapidly and accurately identify phthalate containing PVC and has the potential to be employed as a future field screening technique for regulators and the dairy industry.
Fabrication of Hierarchical Macroporous ZIF-8 Monoliths Using High Internal Phase Pickering Emulsion Templates (2021)

The shaping of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), referring to the integration of small sub-millimeter MOF crystals into bulk samples of desired size and shape, is an important step in the practical use of this class of porous material in many applications. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the fabrication of hierarchical 3D MOF monoliths <i>in situ</i> within an MOF particle-stabilized high internal phase emulsion (HIPE). In this approach, a subfamily MOF (ZIF-8) is selected as the sole Pickering emulsion stabilizer for an oil-in-water (O/W) HIPE. With 2-methylimidazole and zinc nitrate in the continuous phase, ZIF-8 is formed in the emulsion to "bond" the ZIF-8 particles fabricating a ZIF-8 monolith without the addition of a polymer or polymerization of monomers. Freeze-drying of the HIPE produces a 3D ZIF-8 monolith. The monolith is packed into a chromatography column to test its catalytic performance as a flow-through catalyst in the Knoevenagel reaction. The monolith catalyst exhibits very high catalytic efficiency. Almost all the reaction mixture transforms to product within 2 min. Besides, the 3D ZIF-8 monolith showed excellent performance as an oil absorbent in oil-water separation. It achieved an absorption equilibrium of oil in less than 5 s, much faster than traditional high oil absorption materials.
Flexor-Tendon Reconstruction in Severely Damaged Hands (1971)

Our experience with a Dacron-reinforced silicone tendon prosthesis in the reconstruction of flexor tendons of the hand, first reported in 1965, is brought up to date. Currently the prosthesis is usually used as a passive gliding device which is attached only to the distal phalanx. This implant, inserted as the first stage of a two-stage procedure in conjunction with excision of scar and the reconstruction of a proper pulley system, has been demonstrated to stimulate the formation of a sheath Which provides a durable gliding surface and a nutritional mechanism for a tendon graft which begins to glide early. The indications for this procedure, as well as the preoperative, operative, and postoperative management, are described. The results in five thumbs and sixty-nine fingers, all with less than good conditions for tendon grafting (Boyes' Grades 2, 3, and 5), after follow-ups ranging from six months to eight years, are presented. The complications are also described. The results are compared with those in previously reported comparable cases. The distinctly better results obtained in our series lead us to conclude that the two-stage procedure described is the one of choice for properly selected old injuries where the conditions are less than optimum for tendon grafting.
Recent advances and novel agents for FLT3 mutated AML (2014)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a devastating hematologic malignancy that affects both older adults as well as children. Treatments available for AML largely depend on cytotoxic agents and often the only curative option is an allogeneic bone marrow transplant, an option limited to young persons and associated with high morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need for the identification of new myeloid targets and an understanding of the key genetic mutations involved in disease progression and prognosis. One such mutation is the internal tandem duplication (ITD) in the FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 ( FLT3 ) gene which confers an inferior outcome that is attributed to a higher relapse rate. In this review, we evaluate the FLT3-ITD mutation and discuss the recent data regarding emerging approaches using FLT3 inhibitors for the treatment of AML.
Mechanosensory function of microvilli of the kidney proximal tubule (2004)

Normal variations in glomerular filtration induce proportional changes in proximal tubule Na+ reabsorption. This "glomerulotubular balance" derives from flow dependence of Na+ uptake across luminal cell membranes; however, the underlying physical mechanism is unknown. Our hypothesis is that flow-dependent reabsorption is an autoregulatory mechanism that is independent of neural and hormonal systems. It is signaled by the hydrodynamic torque (bending moment) on epithelial microvilli. Such signals need to be transmitted to the terminal web to modulate Na+-H+-exchange activity. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined Na+ transport and tubular diameter in response to different flow rates during the microperfusion of isolated S2 proximal tubules from mouse kidneys. The data were analyzed by using a mathematical model to estimate the microvillous torque as function of flow. In this model, increases in luminal diameter have the effect of blunting the impact of flow velocity on microvillous shear stress and, thus, microvillous torque. We found that variations in microvillous torque produce nearly identical fractional changes in Na+ reabsorption. Furthermore, the flow-dependent Na+ transport is increased by increasing luminal fluid viscosity, diminished in Na+-H+ exchanger isoform 3 knockout mice, and abolished by nontoxic disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. These data support our hypothesis that the "brush-border" microvilli serve a mechanosensory function in which fluid dynamic torque is transmitted to the actin cytoskeleton and modulates Na+ absorption in kidney proximal tubules.
Fast distributed consensu algorithms based on advection-diffusion processes (2008)

Distributed consensus algorithms have recently gained a large interest in sensor networks as a way to achieve globally optimal decisions in a totally decentralized way, that is without the need of sending all the data collected by the sensors to a fusion center. The goal of this work is to show that modeling a consensus algorithm as the homogenization process of a fluid through an advection-diffusion process provides a fundamental clue to design innovative consensus algorithms whose convergence rate can be increased by acting on the (equivalent) advection mechanism, without increasing the coverage radius of any sensor. In particular, we show the increase of convergence rate resulting from a proper interplay between advection and diffusion mechanisms.
Sphere-meshes for real-time hand modeling and tracking (2016)

Modern systems for real-time hand tracking rely on a combination of discriminative and generative approaches to robustly recover hand poses. Generative approaches require the specification of a geometric model. In this paper, we propose a the use of sphere-meshes as a novel geometric representation for real-time generative hand tracking. How tightly this model fits a specific user heavily affects tracking precision. We derive an optimization to non-rigidly deform a template model to fit the user data in a number of poses. This optimization jointly captures the user's static and dynamic hand geometry, thus facilitating high-precision registration. At the same time, the limited number of primitives in the tracking template allows us to retain excellent computational performance. We confirm this by embedding our models in an open source real-time registration algorithm to obtain a tracker steadily running at 60Hz. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution by qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating tracking precision on a variety of complex motions. We show that the improved tracking accuracy at high frame-rate enables stable tracking of extended and complex motion sequences without the need for per-frame re-initialization. To enable further research in the area of high-precision hand tracking, we publicly release source code and evaluation datasets.
Priznanja za posebne dosežke pri učenju odraslih - letos že četrtič (2000)

Svet se spreminja s čedaljo večjo naglico in če nočemo pristati na obrobju, če želimo biti dejavno vključeni v njegovo zgodbo, se moramo spreminjati z njim. Da bi spremembe razumeli in z njimi tudi osebnostne rasli, da bi videli prek vzorcev, ki nam jih ponuja vsakdanjik, se moramo nenehno izpopolnjevati. Informacijska družba je namreč nevarno okolje, če se ne oborožimo z znanjem, in izzivi demokracije so le utvare, če politična svoboda ni podprta s poznavanjem okvirov, v katerih jo lahko uresničujemo.
Identification of Common Variants in the SHBG Gene Affecting Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Levels and Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women (2008)

At least 3 SNPs showed associations with SHBG levels that were highly significant but relatively small in magnitude. rs6257 is a potential breast cancer susceptibility variant, but relationships between the genetic determinants of SHBG levels and breast cancer are complex.
<title>Comparison of Bosch and cryogenic processes for patterning high-aspect-ratio features in silicon</title> (2001)

This paper compares the two leading techniques for etching deep into silicon, namely the `Bosch' process and a cryogenically cooled process. The Bosch process is introduced first. The process is described in some detail and details are given of particular hardware requirements. Finally, three classes of MEMS process are considered. For each application, relevant aspects of the Bosch process are discussed. Next, we more on to the `cryo' process. Again, this is described, together with hardware requirements. Three applications are presented for this process, with further comments relating to the process performance. Finally, in the conclusion, the two processes are compared and contrasted.
Genetic generalized epilepsy (2016)

This chapter provides an overview of generalized epilepsies (GGE), which comprises a group of epilepsy syndromes of presumed genetic origin. They are classified into several syndromes according to their age, depending on clinical manifestation and associated electroencephalogram (EEG) features. The chapter introduces the concept of GGE before addressing different GGE syndromes, describing their clinical presentation, EEG features, treatment, prognosis, and underlying genetics. The following GGE syndromes are discussed in order of their age of onset—myoclonic astatic epilepsy, childhood absence epilepsy, epilepsy with myoclonic absences, eyelid myoclonia with absences, juvenile absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, and epilepsy with generalized tonic seizures on awakening. This is followed by an overview on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying GGE.
Diesel Surrogate Fuels for Engine Testing and Chemical-Kinetic Modeling: Compositions and Properties (2016)

The primary objectives of this work were to formulate, blend, and characterize a set of four ultralow-sulfur diesel surrogate fuels in quantities sufficient to enable their study in single-cylinder-engine and combustion-vessel experiments. The surrogate fuels feature increasing levels of compositional accuracy (i.e., increasing exactness in matching hydrocarbon structural characteristics) relative to the single target diesel fuel upon which the surrogate fuels are based. This approach was taken to assist in determining the minimum level of surrogate-fuel compositional accuracy that is required to adequately emulate the performance characteristics of the target fuel under different combustion modes. For each of the four surrogate fuels, an approximately 30 L batch was blended, and a number of the physical and chemical properties were measured. This work documents the surrogate-fuel creation process and the results of the property measurements.
Increased cytoplasmic S100A6 expression is associated with pulmonary adenocarcinoma progression (2009)

S100A6 is a calcium-binding protein implicated in many cellular processes and frequently upregulated in cancer. Recently it was reported that S100A6 is one of the genes having higher expression in adenocarcinoma mixed subtype with a bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) component than in pure BAC. To clarify the association of S100A6 expression with stepwise progression of lung adenocarcinoma, S100A6 protein expression was examined on immunohistochemistry in 92 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lung adenocarcinomas. Both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the tumor cells were stained, and the nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of S100A6 was assessed individually. In addition, six frozen surgical specimens were selected, and the expression of S100A6 was confirmed on western blotting. As a result, although it was not possible to detect any significant correlation between nuclear S100A6 immunoreactivity and tumor progression, advanced adenocarcinoma had significantly higher cytoplasmic S100A6 expression than non-invasive lesions or normal lung tissue (P < 0.05). Moreover, the BAC component tended to have weaker staining than any of the other components. These findings indicate that S100A6 may be associated with the stepwise progression and/or invasion of lung adenocarcinoma, especially BAC-type adenocarcinoma. The present results suggest the utility of S100A6 immunohistochemistry as a marker for estimation of malignancy in adenocarcinoma with a BAC component.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 1 (ACVRL1/ALK1) Expression in the Rat and Human Hippocampus: Decline in CA3 During Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease (2018)

The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) includes signaling defects mediated by the transforming growth factor β-bone morphogenetic protein-growth and differentiation factor (TGFβ-BMP-GDF) family of proteins. In animal models of AD, administration of BMP9/GDF2 improves memory and reduces amyloidosis. The best characterized type I receptor of BMP9 is ALK1. We characterized ALK1 expression in the hippocampus using immunohistochemistry. In the rat, ALK1 immunoreactivity was found in CA pyramidal neurons, most frequently and robustly in the CA2 and CA3 fields. In addition, there were sporadic ALK1-immunoreactive cells in the stratum oriens, mainly in CA1. The ALK1 expression pattern in human hippocampus was similar to that of rat. Pyramidal neurons within the CA2, CA3, and CA4 were strongly ALK1-immunoreactive in hippocampi of cognitively intact subjects with no neurofibrillary tangles. ALK1 signal was found in the axons of alveus and fimbria, and in the neuropil across CA fields. Relatively strongest ALK1 neuropil signal was observed in CA1 where pyramidal neurons were occasionally ALK1-immunoractive. As in the rat, horizontally oriented neurons in the stratum oriens of CA1 were both ALK1- and GAD67-immunoreactive. Analysis of ALK1 immunoreactivity across stages of AD pathology revealed that disease progression was characterized by overall reduction of the ALK1 signal in CA3 in advanced, but not early, stages of AD. These data suggest that the CA3 pyramidal neurons may remain responsive to the ALK1 ligands, e.g., BMP9, during initial stages of AD and that ALK1 may constitute a therapeutic target in early and moderate AD.
The structure-function relationship of disulfide bonds in etanercept (2017)

Etanercept is a TNFα receptor Fc fusion protein used for the treatment of rheumatic disease and psoriasis. Physicochemical and functional investigation of process fractions during development of the etanercept biosimilar GP2015 (Erelzi<sup>®</sup>) revealed a correlation between reduced potency and incorrect disulfide bridging between specific cysteines in the receptor domain. This novel structure-function relationship was found to be the molecular basis for reduced potency in recent Enbrel<sup>®</sup> batches, which exhibit higher levels of incorrect disulfide bridging. Interestingly, incorrect disulfide bridging was found to be reversible under serum-like redox conditions, restoring potency to normal levels. This redox dependent reversibility suggests that these variants are likely not relevant for clinical efficacy once the drug enters the bloodstream. Nonetheless, incorrect disulfide bridging in etanercept represents a new quality attribute that is critical for biopharmaceutical functionality and should thus be carefully monitored and controlled to guarantee patient safety.
On The Benefit of Parameter-Driven Approaches for the Modeling and the Prediction of Satisfied User Ratio for Compressed Video (2022)

The human eye cannot perceive small pixel changes in images or videos until a certain threshold of distortion. In the context of video compression, Just Noticeable Difference (JND) is the smallest distortion level from which the human eye can perceive the difference between reference video and the distorted/compressed one. Satisfied-User-Ratio (SUR) curve is the complementary cumulative distribution function of the individual JNDs of a viewer group. However, most of the previous works predict each point in SUR curve by using features both from source video and from compressed videos with assumption that the group-based JND annotations follow Gaussian distribution, which is neither practical nor accurate. In this work, we firstly compared various common functions for SUR curve modeling. Afterwards, we proposed a novel parameter-driven method to predict the video-wise SUR from video features. Besides, we compared the prediction results of source-only features based (SRC-based) models and source plus compressed videos features (SRC+PVS-based) models.
Supplementary Figure 2 from CADM1 Expression and Stepwise Downregulation of CD7 Are Closely Associated with Clonal Expansion of HTLV-I–Infected Cells in Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 67KB, FISH analysis of HTLV-1-infected cells.&lt;/p&gt;
THE CONVERSION OF CO-ORDINATES FROM THE CASSINI TO THE TRANSVERSE MERCATOR PROJECTION (1960)

In the October 1955 issue of the Empire Survey Review, Vol. xiii, No. 98, Brigadier Papworth described a method by which the co-ordinates of a point on a Cassini projection may be converted to co-ordinates on a Transverse Mercator projection, each projection having its own origin.
Transmesenteric hernia with two mesenteric defects in an adult (2018)

Transmesenteric hernia is a rare cause of small bowel strangulation in adults and, to our knowledge, no one has reported the existence of two mesenteric defects in an adult. Our patient was a 73-year-old Japanese woman who presented to our emergency department complaining of abdominal pain and nausea. Computed tomography with contrast enhancement revealed a closed loop obstruction in the pelvis, suggesting small bowel strangulation due to an internal hernia. The emergency exploratory laparotomy indicated a small bowel strangulation caused by a transmesenteric hernia. With the examination across whole parts of the mesentery, we identified another small defect. Both defects were closed by suture intraoperatively, and the patient's postoperative course was satisfactory. Searching for whole parts of the mesentery after the reduction of a hernia can help prevent the recurrence of internal hernias.
Spin state dependence of electrical conductivity of spin crossover materials (2012)

We studied the spin state dependence of the electrical conductivity of the spin crossover compound [Fe(Htrz)(2)(trz)](BF(4)) (Htrz = 1H-1,2,4-triazole) by means of dc electrical measurements. The low spin state is characterized by higher conductance and lower thermal activation energy of the conductivity, when compared to the high spin state.
Circular polarization emission from an external cavity diode laser (2008)

We construct an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) comprising structurally left-handed chiral sculptured-thin-film (STF) mirrors for pure circular-polarized (CP) emission, and observed single mode, left-handed CP lasing performance. The extinction ratio of CP output was found to increase rapidly near the threshold of the injection-current for the laser diodes.