gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Proteasome Participates in Degradation of Mutant α1-Antitrypsin Z in the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Hepatoma-derived Hepatocytes (2001)

Because retention of mutant alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT) Z in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is associated with liver disease in alpha(1)-AT-deficient individuals, the mechanism by which this aggregated glycoprotein is degraded has received considerable attention. In previous studies using stable transfected human fibroblast cell lines and a cell-free microsomal translocation system, we found evidence for involvement of the proteasome in degradation of alpha(1)-ATZ (Qu, D., Teckman, J. H., Omura, S., and Perlmutter, D. H. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 22791-22795). In more recent studies, Cabral et al. (Cabral, C. M., Choudhury, P., Liu, Y., and Sifers, R. N. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 25015-25022) found that degradation of alpha(1)-ATZ in a stable transfected murine hepatoma cell line was inhibited by tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors, but not by the proteasomal inhibitor lactacystin and concluded that the proteasome was only involved in ER degradation of alpha(1)-ATZ in nonhepatocytic cell types or in cell types with levels of alpha(1)-AT expression that are substantial lower than that which occurs in hepatocytes. To examine this important issue in further detail, in this study we established rat and murine hepatoma cell lines with constitutive and inducible expression of alpha(1)-ATZ. In each of these cell lines degradation of alpha(1)-ATZ was inhibited by lactacystin, MG132, epoxomicin, and clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone. Using the inducible expression system to regulate the relative level of alpha(1)-ATZ expression, we found that lactacystin had a similar inhibitory effect on degradation of alpha(1)-ATZ at high and low levels of alpha(1)-AT expression. Although there is substantial evidence that other mechanisms contribute to ER degradation of alpha(1)-ATZ, the data reported here indicate that the proteasome plays an important role in many cell types including hepatocytes.
Adipose tissue macrophages impair preadipocyte differentiation in humans (2017)

The physiologic mechanisms underlying the relationship between obesity and insulin resistance are not fully understood. Impaired adipocyte differentiation and localized inflammation characterize adipose tissue from obese, insulin-resistant humans. The directionality of this relationship is not known, however. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether adipose tissue inflammation is causally-related to impaired adipocyte differentiation.
Prognostic Value of High CXCR4 Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A System Review and Meta-Analysis (2015)

The results of meta-analysis indicated that high CXCR4 expression was correlated with worse OS and PFS for patients with RCC. However, some larger samples and well-matched studies should be designed to estimate the potential prognosis of RCC patients.
High Stability and Higher Poling Efficiency for Electro-Optic Polymer/TiO2 Vertical Slot Waveguide Modulators (2016)

We demonstrate stable half wave voltage (Vπ) and electrode length (L) product for a electro-optic (EO)/TiO2 vertical slot waveguide modulator. VπL product of 2.5 Vcm for the modulators shows the same value for two years.
Signatures of multiple charge excitations in resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra of metals (2020)

We study how multiple charge excitations appear in the resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra of metals. Typically, the focus is upon single excitations in the problem, the plasmons and electron-hole pairs, while the multiexcitation processes are neglected. However, at small momentum transfer the multiexcitation contributions may dominate the signal and one needs to understand how to interpret the data in such cases. In particular, we demonstrate how to ``decode'' the total multiexcitation intensity and extract the plasmon dispersion. While our calculations are based on the random phase approximation for jellium, which does not allow us to obtain quantitatively precise results in the entire region of parameters, we expect them to capture semiqualitatively all features expected for charged Fermi-liquid states, including universal and singular properties of the RIXS spectra.
Infection-induced 5′-half molecules of tRNAHisGUG activate Toll-like receptor 7 (2020)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response. Although endosomal TLR7 recognizes single-stranded RNAs, their endogenous RNA ligands have not been fully explored. Here, we report 5'-tRNA half molecules as abundant activators of TLR7. Mycobacterial infection and accompanying surface TLR activation up-regulate the expression of 5'-tRNA half molecules in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). The abundant accumulation of 5'-tRNA halves also occur in HMDM-secreted extracellular vehicles (EVs); the abundance of EV-5'-tRNAHisGUG half molecules is >200-fold higher than that of the most abundant EV-microRNA (miRNA). Sequence identification of the 5'-tRNA halves using cP-RNA-seq revealed abundant and selective packaging of specific 5'-tRNA half species into EVs. The EV-5'-tRNAHisGUG half was experimentally demonstrated to be delivered into endosomes in recipient cells and to activate endosomal TLR7. Up-regulation of the 5'-tRNA half molecules was also observed in the plasma of patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These results unveil a novel tRNA-engaged pathway in the innate immune response and assign the role of "immune activators" to 5'-tRNA half molecules.
Immunochemical studies on the interaction between synthetic glycoconjugates and .alpha.-L-fucosyl binding lectins (1986)

Evonymus europaea lectin precipitated with alpha DGal(1----3) beta DGal(1----4)beta DGlcNAc-bovine serum albumin (BSA), alpha LFuc(1----2)beta DGal(1----3)beta DGlcNAc-BSA, alpha LFuc(1----2)beta DGal(1----4)DGlcNAc, and alpha DGal(1----3)[alpha LFuc(1----2)]beta DGal-BSA. However, the lectin neither precipitated with alpha LFuc(1----2)-beta DGal-BSA, alpha DGal(1----3)beta DGal-BSA, or beta DGal(1----4)beta DGlcNAc-BSA nor agglutinated erythrocytes of Oh phenotype having multiple terminal beta DGal(1----4)beta DGlcNAc residues. These results indicate that the minimal structural requirement for glycoprotein precipitation or cell agglutination by the lectin includes any of the three trisaccharides (fucosylated or nonfucosylated) derived from the blood group B tetrasaccharide. The monosaccharides linked to the beta-D-galactosyl residue in the blood group B tetrasaccharide, namely, alpha-D-galactose, alpha-L-fucose, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine, participate almost equally in binding to the lectin in as much as removal of any one of these sugars reduces the inhibiting potency of the resulting trisaccharide. alpha LFuc(1----2)beta DGal(1----3)beta DGlcNAc-BSA (H type 1) and alpha LFuc(1----2)beta DGal(1----4)beta DGlcNAc (H type 2) were precipitated to the same extent. The E. europaea lectin neither precipitated alpha DGal(1----4)-beta DGal(1----4)beta DGlcNAc-BSA, Lea-BSA, Leb-BSA, or beta DGlcNAc(1----4)[alpha LFuc(1----6)]beta DGlcNAc-BSA nor agglutinated Oh,Lea and Oh,Leb erythrocytes, demonstrating that terminal D-galactose linked alpha-(1----4) to subterminal beta-D-galactose, or alpha-L-fucose linked to N-acetylglucosamine, prevents lectin binding. Corey-Pauling-Koltun molecular models, built on the basis of data from 1H NMR and hard-sphere exo-anomeric (HSEA) calculations provided by Lemieux and co-workers [Lemieux, R. U., Bock, K., Delbaere, L. T. J., Koto, S., & Rao, V. S. (1980) Can. J. Chem. 58, 631-653], show that these alpha-D-galactosyl and alpha-L-fucosyl groups act to sterically hinder lectin binding to these oligosaccharides; these observations also suggest that the lectin binds to the beta-side of these oligosaccharides. These sides, on both blood group H type 1 and blood group H type 2 oligosaccharides, provide a similar contour which can fully account for their equal reactivity with E. europaea lectin. The only difference found between Lotus and Ulex I lectins in precipitating ability was that only Lotus precipitated with beta DGlcNAc(1----4)[alpha LFuc(1----6)]beta DGlcNAc-BSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
IRF4 and IRF5 transcription factors exhibit shared and distinct roles in regulating human B cell differentiation and function (2018)

Abstract Upon recognition of antigen, B cells undergo rapid proliferation followed by differentiation to specialized antibody secreting cells (ASCs). Increased levels of ASCs are seen in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and some B cell-associated malignancies. Studies suggest that altered transcription factor (TF) expression and/or activation play a role in the imbalance of B cell subsets in these diseases. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is one such TF, as polymorphisms in IRF5 associate with risk of numerous autoimmune diseases and correlate with elevated IRF5 expression in SLE patients. Recent findings from IRF5 knockdown (KD) in purified naïve B cells identified IRF5 as an early intrinsic regulator of B cell activation, proliferation and plasma cell differentiation in response to TLR9 activation. In this study, IRF4 was identified as a new IRF5 target gene by ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq analysis. IRF4 expression is high in ASCs and murine studies show that it plays an essential, cell-intrinsic role in the generation of germinal center B cells. To date, little is known of IRF4 function in human ASC differentiation or whether these two factors (IRF4 and 5) cooperate. Activation of TLR9 and B cell receptor (BCR) revealed distinct kinetic changes in IRF4 and IRF5 during the early transition of naïve B cells to ASCs. Moreover, IRF4 KD of human primary naïve B cells resulted in significant IgD retention and reduced plasmablast (PB) differentiation without loss of early B cell activation (CD86) or key regulatory factors of class switch recombination in response to TLR9/BCR stimulation. Together, these results show that IRF4 and IRF5 are kinetically distinct TFs that have non-redundant roles in human ASC differentiation.
ChemInform Abstract: An Acyl‐Iminium Ion Cyclization Route to a Novel Conformationally Restricted Dipeptide Mimic: Applications to Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibition. (1988)

Abstract The key step in the synthesis of the title compound (VIIIb) is the cyclization of the intermediate (IVa).
30 nm T-gate enhancement-mode InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMT on SiC substrates for future high power RF applications (2017)

The DC and RF performance of 30 nm gate length enhancement mode (E-mode) InAlN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) on SiC substrate with heavily doped source and drain region have been investigated using the Synopsys TCAD tool. The proposed device has the features of a recessed T-gate structure, InGaN back barrier and Al2O3 passivated device surface. The proposed HEMT exhibits a maximum drain current density of 2.1 A/mm, transconductance of 1050 mS/mm, current gain cut-off frequency of 350 GHz and power gain cut-off frequency of 340 GHz. At room temperature the measured carrier mobility (μ), sheet charge carrier density and breakdown voltage are 1580 cm2/(V s), , and 10.7 V respectively. The superlatives of the proposed HEMTs are bewitching competitor or future sub-millimeter wave high power RF VLSI circuit applications.
065 OUT OF HOURS PRIMARY PCI IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ADVERSE OUTCOMES COMPARED TO IN-HOUR PROCEDURES (2013)

Background Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the treatment of choice for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) provided PPCI is performed in a timely manner. There is conflicting data regarding the outcomes of patients treated in-hours versus out of-hours, we sought to determine whether in-hospital and long-term outcomes are different among in-hours versus out of hours PPCI patients. Table 1 In hours Out of hours (n=1299) (n=2048) p Value Gender (Male) 74.2% 77.1% 0.051 Age (years) 64.02±14.2 63.16±14.3 0.126 Hypertension 39.2% 38.3% 0.344 Diabetes mellitus 17.3% 17.7% 0.424 Hypercholestrolaemia 30.9% 29.7% 0.253 Smoking history 55.6% 58.0% 0.116 Previous MI 13.2% 11.8% 0.156 Previous CABG 2.6% 2.6% 0.539 Previous PCI 9.9% 9.6% 0.449 Cardiogenic shock 5.3% 6.4% 0.113 Ethnicity (Caucasian) 66.6% 64.4% 0.226 LVEF 43.70±7.5 43.69±7.5 0.985 CRF (eGFR &lt;60) 18.5% 17.9% 0.227 Methods This was an observational study of 3347 STEMI patients treated with PPCI between 2004 and 2012 at a single centre with follow-up for a median of 3.3 years (IQR range 1.2–4.6 years). The primary end-point was long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE) with all cause mortality a secondary endpoint. Of these, 1299 patients (38.8%) underwent PPCI during a weekday between 08:00 and 18:00 (routine-hours group) and 2048 (61.2%) underwent PPCI on a weekday between 18:00 and 08:00 or a weekend (out-of-hours group). Results There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups with comparable door to balloon times (IHs 67.8 min vs OOHs 69.6 min, p=0.709) and procedural success (table 1). In hospital mortality rates were comparable between the two groups (IHs 3.6% vs OFHs 3.2%) with timing of presentation not predictive of outcome (HR 1.25 (95% CI 0.74 to 2.11). Over the follow-up period there were no significant differences in rates of mortality (IHs 7.4% vs OFHs 7.2%, p=0.44) or MACE (IHs 15.4% vs OFHs 14.1%, p=0.28) (figure 1) between the two groups. After adjustment for confounding variables using multivariate analysis, timing of presentation was not an independent predictor of mortality (HR 1.04 95% CI 0.78 to 1.39). Figure 1 Conclusions This large registry study demonstrates that in a large volume, well-staffed centre, PPCI outside routine-working hours is safe with no difference in outcome compared with PPCI during routine-working hours.
ChemInform Abstract: First Observation of Stable Primary Radical Cations tBu3SiH+ Formed by Directed Radiolysis of a Pure Compound: tBu3SiH. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Empreinte du vivant, l'ADN de l'environnement (2015)

International audience
ARC WELDING SURFACING TECHNIQUES (1977)

Weld surfacing is a process in which a metal is deposited on the surface of a base metal to either build it up to the dimensions required or to impart special surface properties such as resistance to wear, abrasion, impact or corrosion. It can be used in maintenance and repair applications to reclaim worn parts or it can be used as part of the production process in the manufacture of new articles. In both cases the primary object is to save money and materials, and what started out as a process for making an emergency repair until a new part could be obtained, is today an economic necessity in view of the fact that many of the materials involved are expensive and in short supply. The purpose of this article is to give a general introduction to the subject of weld surfacing by the arc welding processes.
The +276 Polymorphism of the APM1 Gene, Plasma Adiponectin Concentration, and Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetic Men (2005)

Recently, the genetic variability at adiponectin locus (APM1) was associated with cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. We sought to examine the associations of five variants of APM1 gene (C-11365G, A-4034C, A-3964G, T45G, and G276T) with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in a larger cohort of diabetic patients. Of 879 diabetic men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 239 participants developed coronary heart disease or stroke during 14 years of follow-up and 640 CVD-negative subjects were used as control subjects. The risk of CVD was significantly lower in TT homozygotes at locus +276 than in other genotypes under a recessive inheritance model after adjusting for age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, aspirin use, HbA1c, and history of hypertension or hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio 0.38 [95% CI 0.18-0.79]; P = 0.009). In the CVD-negative control subjects, the allele 276T was associated with significantly higher plasma adiponectin levels in a dose-dependent pattern (GG 14.8, GT 16.2, and TT 18.8 microg/ml) after adjusting for age, BMI, and other variables (P for trend = 0.0019). In conclusion, our study showed significant associations between APM1 G276T and decreased CVD risk and increased plasma adiponectin levels in diabetic men.
Defects in mitochondrial DNA replication and human disease (2011)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is replicated by the DNA polymerase g in concert with accessory proteins such as the mtDNA helicase, single stranded DNA binding protein, topoisomerase, and initiating factors. Nucleotide precursors for mtDNA replication arise from the mitochondrial salvage pathway originating from transport of nucleosides, or alternatively from cytoplasmic reduction of ribonucleotides. Defects in mtDNA replication or nucleotide metabolism can cause mitochondrial genetic diseases due to mtDNA deletions, point mutations, or depletion which ultimately cause loss of oxidative phosphorylation. These genetic diseases include mtDNA depletion syndromes such as Alpers or early infantile hepatocerebral syndromes, and mtDNA deletion disorders, such as progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO), ataxia-neuropathy, or mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE). This review focuses on our current knowledge of genetic defects of mtDNA replication (POLG, POLG2, C10orf2) and nucleotide metabolism (TYMP, TK2, DGOUK, and RRM2B) that cause instability of mtDNA and mitochondrial disease.
Beitrag zur Synthese von Dihydrobenzothiadiazindioxyd‐derivaten (1966)

Abstract Es werden verschiedene Synthesemethoden von Dihydrobenzothiadiazindioxyden überprüft, vorteilhafte. neue Synthesen und neue Derivate beschrieben.
Recommending Social Events from Mobile Phone Location Data (2010)

A city offers thousands of social events a day, and it is difficult for dwellers to make choices. The combination of mobile phones and recommender systems can change the way one deals with such abundance. Mobile phones with positioning technology are now widely available, making it easy for people to broadcast their whereabouts, recommender systems can now identify patterns in people's movements in order to, for example, recommend events. To do so, the system relies on having mobile users who share their attendance at a large number of social events: cold-start users, who have no location history, cannot receive recommendations. We set out to address the mobile cold-start problem by answering the following research question: how can social events be recommended to a cold-start user based only on his home location? To answer this question, we carry out a study of the relationship between preferences for social events and geography, the first of its kind in a large metropolitan area. We sample location estimations of one million mobile phone users in Greater Boston, combine the sample with social events in the same area, and infer the social events attended by 2,519 residents. Upon this data, we test a variety of algorithms for recommending social events. We find that the most effective algorithm recommends events that are popular among residents of an area. The least effective, instead, recommends events that are geographically close to the area. This last result has interesting implications for location-based services that emphasize recommending nearby events.
Search for $h_c → π^+ π^− J / ψ$ via $ψ ( 3686 ) → π^0 π^+ π^− J / ψ$ (2018)

Using a data sample of $448.1\\times10^6$ $\\psi(3686)$ events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII, we perform search for the hadronic transition $h_c\\rightarrow\\pi^+\\pi^-J/\\psi$ via $\\psi(3686)\\rightarrow\\pi^0h_c$. No signals of the transition are observed, and the upper limit on the product branching fraction $\\mathcal{B}(\\psi(3686)\\rightarrow\\pi^0h_c)\\mathcal{B}(h_c\\rightarrow\\pi^+\\pi^-J/\\psi)$ at the 90% confidence level is determined to be $2.0\\times10^{-6}$. This is the most stringent upper limit to date.
Fastener identification and assembly verification via IR tracking (2012)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to create an assembly verification system that is capable of verifying complete assembly and torque for each individual fastener. Design/methodology/approach The 3D position of the tool used to torque the fastener and the assembly pallet will be tracked using an infrared (IR) tracking system. A set of retro‐reflective markers are attached to the tool and assembly while being tracked by multiple IR cameras. Software is used to triangulate the relative position of the tool in order to identify the fastener being torqued. The torque value is obtained from the tool controller device. By combining the location of the tool and the torque value from the tool controller, assembly of each individual fastener can be verified and its achieved torque recorded. Findings The IR tracking is capable of tracking within 2‐3 mm for each tracking ball, with a resulting practical resolution of 24 mm distance between fasteners while maintaining 99.9999 per cent reliability without false positive fastener identification. Research limitations/implications This experiment was run under simulated assembly line lighting conditions. Practical implications By being able to verify assembly reliably, the need for manual torque check is eliminate and hence yield significant cost savings. This will also allow programming electric tools according in real time based on the fastener in proximity identification. Originality/value Currently, assembly verification is only done using the torque values. In automated assembly line, each process might involve fastening multiple fasteners. Using this system, a new level of assembly verification is achieved by recording the assembled fastener and its associated torque.
316(LN)스테인리스강의 열피로 특성에 미치는 질소의 영향 (2005)

Three different fatigue tests for 316 and 316LN stainless steels were conducted at RT, 600℃ and Ast= 1% for low cycle fatigue, at 200~400℃, 300~600℃ and Δe_(t) = 0% for thermal fatigue, and at 300~600℃ and Δe_(t) = 2% for thermomechanical fatigue. Low cycle, thermal and thermomechanical fatigue lives increased with the addition of nitrogen. Low cycle, thermal fatigue strength was increased but thermomechanical fatigue strength was almost same with the addition of nitrogen. Thermal fatigue life was decreased but thermal fatigue strength was increased at the higher temperature range. Thermomechanical fatigue life of in-phase was longer than that of out-of-phase. Fracture mode was transgranular for all tests. (Received September 3, 2004)
After 200 Years: The Structure of Bleach and Characterization of Hypohalite Ions by Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction** (2021)

Abstract We report the first X‐ray single crystal structures of hypochlorite (ClO − ) and hypobromite (BrO − ) salts, including hydrated sodium hypochlorite, a staple of the chlorine industry and ubiquitous bleaching and disinfection agent for almost 200 years. The structures, supported by variable‐temperature Raman spectroscopy on individual crystals and periodic density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations, provide insight into solid‐state geometry and supramolecular chemistry of hypohalite ions.