gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SEEMORE: Combining Color, Shape, and Texture Histogramming in a Neurally Inspired Approach to Visual Object Recognition (1997)

Severe architectural and timing constraints within the primate visual system support the conjecture that the early phase of object recognition in the brain is based on a feedforward feature-extraction hierarchy. To assess the plausibility of this conjecture in an engineering context, a difficult three-dimensional object recognition domain was developed to challenge a pure feedforward, receptive-field-based recognition model called SEEMORE. SEEMORE is based on 102 viewpoint-invariant nonlinear filters that as a group are sensitive to contour, texture, and color cues. The visual domains consists of 100 real objects of many different types, including rigid (shovel), nonrigid (telephone cord), and statistical (maple leaf cluster) objects and photographs of complex scenes. Objects were individually presented in color video images under normal room lighting conditions. Based on 12 to 36 training views, SEEMORE was required to recognize unnormalized test views of objects that could vary in position, orientation in the image plane and in depth, and scale (factor of 2); for nonrigid objects, recognition was also tested under gross shape deformations. Correct classification performance on a test set consisting of 600 novel object views was 97 percent (chance was 1 percent) and was comparable for the subset of 15 nonrigid objects. Performance was also measured under a variety of image degradation conditions, including partial occlusion, limited clutter, color shift, and additive noise. Generalization behavior and classification errors illustrated the emergence of several striking natural shape categories that are not explicitly encoded in the dimensions of the feature space. It is concluded that in the light of the vast hardware resources available in the ventral stream of the primate visual system relative to those exercised here, the appealingly simple feature-space conjecture remains worthy of serious consideration as a neurobiological model.
A Hydrostatic Bearing Test System for Measuring Bearing Load Using Magnetic-Fluid Lubricants (2016)

This paper conducts a study on the design of a hydrostatic bearing test system. It involves the determination of viscous properties of magnetic-fluid lubricants. The load of a hydrostatic thrust bearing using a water-based magnetite nanofluid of varying volume flow rate is measured under an applied external induction field via the test system. Results reveal that the presence of nanoparticles in a carrier liquid would cause an enhanced bearing load. Such an effect could be further magnified by increasing the lubricant volume flow rate or the external induction field strength.
Relations between ph, oxygen partial pressure and growth in cultured cell spheroids (1988)

The pH gradients, oxygen partial-pressure gradients and growth curves were measured for 7 different types of spheroids. Growth curves were measured in liquid overlay culture and thereafter the spheroids were attached to cover glasses and transferred to a chamber for micro-electrode measurements. The spheroids were randomly divided for pH or pO2 measurements which then were made under conditions as identical as possible. The decreases in pO2 and pH, delta pO2 and delta pH were calculated as the difference between the values in the culture medium and the values 200 micron inside the spheroids. Each type of spheroid had a certain relation between delta pO2 and delta pH. The human colon carcinoma HT29, the mouse mammary carcinoma EMT6 and the hamster lung V79-379A spheroids had high values of the quotient delta pO2/delta pH. The human thyroid carcinoma HTh7 spheroids and the 3 types of human glioma spheroids had lower quotients. There was a tendency for fast-growing spheroids to have high quotients. Two extreme types of spheroids, HT29 (high quotient) and U-118 MG (low quotient) were analyzed for lactate production and oxygen consumption. The U-118 MG spheroids produced about 3 times more lactate and consumed about 3 times less oxygen than the HT29 spheroids. The differences in lactate production could not be explained by differences in the pyruvate Km values of lactate dehydrogenase. The results indicate that there are significant metabolic differences between the spheroid systems studied.
“Host−Guest” Chemistry in the Synthesis of Ordered Nonsiliceous Mesoporous Materials (2006)

On the basis of the consideration of "host-guest" chemistry, the interactions between guest molecules are highlighted in the synthesis of nonsiliceous mesoporous materials by the "soft-template" and "hard-template" approaches. A generalized "acid-base pair" concept is utilized in selecting appropriate guest molecules to prepare highly ordered mesoporous metal oxides, phosphates, and borates with diversified structures. Mesoscopically ordered polymer and carbon frameworks with uniformly large pore sizes are derived from the self-assembly of an organic surfactant with an organic guest. Properly building the guest unit and decorating the host are important in replicating ordered nonsiliceous single-crystal nanoarrays. Outlooks on the potential possibilities for synthesizing ordered mesoporous nonsiliceous materials are presented as well.
Enhancing backup protection for thermal power generating stations using sampled values (2017)

Evaluation of relay misoperations provides an opportunity to improve the design of backup protection schemes. Existing generator station backup protection schemes use distance protection (21) or voltage controlled/restrained overcurrent protection (51V) elements for clearing phase faults that are not cleared by either line protection or generator protection. Many schemes also use transformer ground overcurrent protection (51NG) for backup protection for ground faults on the system. Since generator protection can only respond to faults with fault resistance accurately when only there is no remote infeed from the other terminals, designing a secure backup protection for a generating station during remote infeed conditions is a challenge. Apart from the remote infeed, fast response of automatic excitation controllers also affects the current seen by the generator protection relay. Considering these effects, different vendors have different approaches for setting the 21 element. In order to analyze these recommendations, this paper studies the performance of synchronous generators for a thermal power station connected through a breaker and half scheme using Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) simulations. This paper proposes a new approach to enhance the performance and coverage of backup protection schemes by using sampled values of the IEC 61850 standard. In addition to that, this paper also address the challenges associated with the existing generator protection schemes based on breaker auxiliary contacts and under current elements and proposes a solution using a synchronism check element which uses sampled values. These two techniques can be used in the existing generating station protection schemes to improve the reliability and security of these schemes.
iSPOT: a web tool to infer the interaction specificity of families of protein modules (2003)

iSPOT (http://cbm.bio.uniroma2.it/ispot) is a web tool developed to infer the recognition specificity of protein module families; it is based on the SPOT procedure that utilizes information from position-specific contacts, derived from the available domain/ligand complexes of known structure, and experimental interaction data to build a database of residue-residue contact frequencies. iSPOT is available to infer the interaction specificity of PDZ, SH3 and WW domains. For each family of protein domains, iSPOT evaluates the probability of interaction between a query domain of the specified families and an input protein/peptide sequence and makes it possible to search for potential binding partners of a given domain within the SWISS-PROT database. The experimentally derived interaction data utilized to build the PDZ, SH3 and WW databases of residue-residue contact frequencies are also accessible. Here we describe the application to the WW family of protein modules.
Effects of sulphuric acid aerosols on respiratory tract airways. (1982)

Abstract Inhalation exposure studies in humans and donkeys in this laboratory have indicated that the physiological effects produced by 0.5 μm H 2 SO 4 droplets at concentrations well below current TLVs may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis. This paper demonstrates that the effects of inhaled submicrometer H 2 SO 4 on the mucociliary bronchial clearance of γ-tagged Fe 2 O 3 particles are essentially the same as those produced by whole fresh cigarette smoke in terms of: (i) transient accelerations of clearance in low dose exposures (100 μg m -3 H 2 SO 4 for 1 h and 2-7 cigarettes); (ii) transient slowing of clearance following high dose exposures (1 mg m -3 H 2 SO 4 for 1 h and ≥ 15 cigarettes); and (iii) alterations in clearance rates persisting for several months following multiple exposures (>6 1-h exposures at 200-1000 μg m -3 H 2 SO 4 , 6 months of daily exposure to 100 μg m -3 H 2 SO 4 for 1 h/day, and 4–8 months of 30 cigarettes, 3 times/week). These similarities, together with the well established role of cigarette smoking in the causation of chronic bronchitis in humans, establishes a need for further close examination of the role of H 2 SO 4 inhalations in the etiology of chronic bronchitis.
Studies on the fungicidal action of dithiocarbamates. 2. Effect of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate on the lipid synthesis of Xanthomonas oryzae. (1978)

The mechanism of action of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (NaDMDC) was examined by using Xanthomonas oryzae, the causal pathogen of bacterial leaf blight on rice plant. The result showed that NaDMDC inhibited selectively the incorporation of 14C-acetate into the lipids of X. oryzae, and this inhibition was exerted more strongly when the cells were active in metabolism. Also, NaDMDC inhibited nonspecifically the incorporation of radioactive precursors into all lipid components of cells. In the phosphatidylethanolamine from 14C-glucose labeled cells, labeling of the fatty acid constituent, rather than the glycerlyphosphorylethanolamine constituent, was markedly inhibited by NaDMDC. However, NaDMDC did not inhibit the incorporation of radioactive long-chain fatty acids into the phospholipids of cells. These results suggested that the process from long-chain fatty acids to phospholipids was not affected by NaDMDC. Thus, the primary action of NaDMDC may be involved in the fatty acid synthesis of X. oryzae.
Soil stabilization using oil shale solid wastes: Laboratory evaluation of engineering properties (1991)

Oil shale solid wastes were evaluated for possible use as soil stabilizers. A laboratory study was conducted and consisted of the following tests on compacted samples of soil treated with water and spent oil shale: unconfined compressive strength, moisture-density relationships, wet-dry and freeze-thaw durability, and resilient modulus. Significant increases in strength, durability, and resilient modulus were obtained by treating a silty sand with combusted western oil shale. Moderate increases in strength, durability, and resilient modulus were obtained by treating a highly plastic clay with combusted western oil shale. Solid waste from eastern shale can be used for soil stabilization if limestone is added during combustion. Without limestone, eastern oil shale waste exhibits little or no cementation. The testing methods, results, and recommendations for mix design of spent shale-stabilized pavement subgrades are presented. 11 refs., 3 figs., 10 tabs.
Recent Advancements in Emerging Technologies for Healthcare Management Systems: A Survey (2022)

In recent times, the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and Blockchain technologies have quickly gained pace as a new study niche in numerous collegiate and industrial sectors, notably in the healthcare sector. Recent advancements in healthcare delivery have given many patients access to advanced personalized healthcare, which has improved their well-being. The subsequent phase in healthcare is to seamlessly consolidate these emerging technologies such as IoT-assisted wearable sensor devices, AI, and Blockchain collectively. Surprisingly, owing to the rapid use of smart wearable sensors, IoT and AI-enabled technology are shifting healthcare from a conventional hub-based system to a more personalized healthcare management system (HMS). However, implementing smart sensors, advanced IoT, AI, and Blockchain technologies synchronously in HMS remains a significant challenge. Prominent and reoccurring issues such as scarcity of cost-effective and accurate smart medical sensors, unstandardized IoT system architectures, heterogeneity of connected wearable devices, the multidimensionality of data generated, and high demand for interoperability are vivid problems affecting the advancement of HMS. Hence, this survey paper presents a detailed evaluation of the application of these emerging technologies (Smart Sensor, IoT, AI, Blockchain) in HMS to better understand the progress thus far. Specifically, current studies and findings on the deployment of these emerging technologies in healthcare are investigated, as well as key enabling factors, noteworthy use cases, and successful deployments. This survey also examined essential issues that are frequently encountered by IoT-assisted wearable sensor systems, AI, and Blockchain, as well as the critical concerns that must be addressed to enhance the application of these emerging technologies in the HMS.
P100, a transcriptional coactivator, is a human homologue of staphylococcal nuclease (1997)

Staphylococcus aureus nuclease (SNase) homologues, previously thought to be restricted to bacteria and archaea, are demonstrated by sequence analysis to be present also in eukaryotes. The human cellular coactivator p100 is shown to contain four repeats, each of which is a SNase homologue. Surprisingly, these repeats are unlikely to possess SNase-like activities as each lacks equivalent SNase catalytic residues, yet they may mediate p100's single-stranded DNA-binding function. Products of Corydalis sempervirens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae open reading frames are predicted to adopt the same fold and possess similar functions as SNase. Five additional hypothetical proteins of bacterial origin are also predicted to be active SNase-like nucleases, including one that appears to be C-terminally truncated in a manner analogous to an engineered active SNase variant. Conservation of Asp-19 and Asp-83 among these homologues suggests a re-evaluation of the roles of these residues in Ca(2+)-binding and/or catalysis.
Preparation and Characterization of Specific and High-Affinity Monoclonal Antibodies Against Morphine (2000)

A C6-hemisuccinate derivative of morphine was prepared and conjugated to bovine serum albumin. High titer antibody producing spleen cells were removed and fused with myeloma cells of Sp2/0 origin. A C3-hemisuccinate derivative of morphine was prepared and conjugated to enzyme penicillinase used as a tracer molecule. A novel enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay was developed using this conjugate to screen and characterize the monoclonal antibody produced in these experiments. After two successive limiting dilutions, antibodies produced by 5 clones with good affinities ranging from 10(8) to 10(12) M(-1) and less cross-reaction (least for codeine and other structurally related molecules) were selected. These clones were found to be of IgG class with kappa light chain. Subclass determination showed that two of the clones produced IgG2b and three of them produced IgG1 type of antibody. Affinity purifications were performed for the selected clone (MOR-I). Purified antibody was coated onto the wells of microtiter plate. The standard curve was constructed with a sensitivity of 100 pg/mL covering up to 10 ng/mL in buffer and urine. The slope of the standard curve for selected clone in buffer and urine was calculated to be -0.7 and -0.64, respectively.
4-1BB-based Isolation and Expansion of CD8+ T Cells Specific for Self-Tumor and Non–Self-Tumor Antigens for Adoptive T-cell Therapy (2014)

Adoptive T-cell therapy is a promising approach to the immunotherapy of cancer, but for it to be a general cancer therapy a simple and standardized procedure for producing tumor-specific CD8 T cells is needed. On the basis of a unique property of 4-1BB (CD137), the selective expression on activated T cells, we have developed a simple and practical protocol to produce antigen-specific CD8 T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We have proved the feasibility of this procedure by isolating and expanding cytomegalovirus-specific CD8 T cells, and applied the procedure to produce Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CD8 T cells. By using this procedure, we could readily produce 10-10 antigen-specific CD8 T cells from 30 to 50 mL of blood in about 4 weeks. Moreover, our protocol allowed us to produce, from solid cancer patients, CD8 T cells that were specific for self/tumor antigens such as human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). It is interesting to note that, we were unable to amplify hTERT-specific CD8 T cells from healthy donors. Our protocol can be readily translated into cGMP-compliant production and is currently being used to produce EBV-specific CD8 T cells for phase I clinical trial. We believe that our method will provide a practical and effective option for adoptive T-cell therapy in the clinic.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHOR‐FLUOR‐CHEMIE 26. MITT. PHOSPHORANE MIT EINEM 1,3,2‐BENZODIOXAPHOSPHOL‐RINGSYSTEM (1971)

Abstract Die Reaktion der aus Brenzcatechin und Trimethylchlorsilan gebildeten o‐Bis‐ [siloxy]‐Verbindung (III) (Ausbeute 87%) mit den Tetrafluorphosphoranen (II) bzw. P(V)‐fluorid führt zu den Spirobenzodioxaphospholen (I) (Ausbeute 23‐6l% bzw. 96%); aus den Trifluorphosphoranen (IV) entstehen die Dioxa‐ 1′) phosphole (V) (68‐95%), während Tri‐n‐butyldifluorphosphoran die Verbindung (VI) liefert.
Single cell transcriptomics reveals distinct transcriptional responses to oxycodone and buprenorphine by iPSC-derived brain organoids from patients with opioid use disorder (2022)

The opioid epidemic represents a national crisis. Oxycodone is one of the most prescribed opioid medications in the United States, whereas buprenorphine is currently the most prescribed medication for opioid use disorder (OUD) pharmacotherapy. Given the extensive use of prescription opioids and the global opioid epidemic, it is essential to understand how opioids modulate brain cell type function at the single-cell level. We performed single nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) using iPSC-derived forebrain organoids from three male OUD subjects in response to oxycodone, buprenorphine, or vehicle for seven days. We utilized the snRNA-seq data to identify differentially expressed genes following drug treatment using the Seurat integrative analysis pipeline. We utilized iPSC-derived forebrain organoids and single-cell sequencing technology as an unbiased tool to study cell-type-specific and drug-specific transcriptional responses. After quality control filtering, we analyzed 25787 cells and identified sixteen clusters using unsupervised clustering analysis. Our results reveal distinct transcriptional responses to oxycodone and buprenorphine by iPSC-derived brain organoids from patients with OUD. Specifically, buprenorphine displayed a significant influence on transcription regulation in glial cells. However, oxycodone induced type I interferon signaling in many cell types, including neural cells in brain organoids. Finally, we demonstrate that oxycodone, but not buprenorphine activated STAT1 and induced the type I interferon signaling in patients with OUD. These data suggest that elevation of STAT1 expression associated with OUD might play a role in transcriptional regulation in response to oxycodone. In summary, our results provide novel mechanistic insight into drug action at single-cell resolution.
Transformation of Fibroma into Myxoma Virus in Tissue Culture (1957)

1. Eleven experiments are described in which fibroma was transformed into myxoma virus in cultures of rabbit tissues, both of testes and of kidneys. 2. The transforming agent (TAM) was myxoma virus inactivated by heating at 65–67°C. 3. Live fibroma virus and TAM were inoculated into tissue cultures simultaneously and TAM was re-added at times of fluid change. 4. A good growth of supporting cells appeared essential to successful transformations.
Mold Growth on Sapwood Boards Exposed Outdoors: The Impact of Wood Drying (2011)

Mold growth on dried Norway spruce and Scots pine sapwood boards was investigated in an accelerated outdoor field test for 96 days. The boards were dried using three different methods of stacking: single stacking, double stacking with the sapwood sides in each pair facing toward each other, and double stacking with sapwood sides facing outward. Drying was performed at three temperatures: 25°C, corresponding to air drying, and kiln drying at 70°C and 110°C. The degree of mold growth was visually assessed on both sides of each board. On average, pine boards showed a higher level of mold growth than the spruce boards. The highest average level of mold growth was found on the boards kiln dried at 70°C, whereas the air-dried boards and the boards kiln dried at 110°C showed considerably less mold growth. Stacking the boards during drying had a large impact on mold susceptibility of the sapwood. This study confirmed that, during the drying process, it is possible to direct the migration of nutrients in sapwood toward one chosen side of each board by double stacking; the opposite side leaches out, which has a great impact on surface mold growth. Chemical analyses of monosaccharide sugar gradients beneath the boards' surfaces confirmed the results.
Evaluation of the Etching Process for Analysis of Secondary Carbides in HCCI by Optical and Confocal Laser Microscopy (2019)

Abstract This work evaluates different etching solutions, including Marble, Vilella, RNO and Murakami, used with the purpose of revealing secondary carbides precipitated in high chromium cast irons after heat treatments for their analysis with optical microscopy (OM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the posterior binarization of the obtained images. Etching with Marble and Murakami showed the best results for revealing secondary carbides when OM is used for the characterization. The etching parameters to reveal secondary carbides resulted to be different depending on the technique used for their evaluation, i. e. the etching time for a good phase contrast was not the same when an OM or a CLSM is used for the characterization. It was shown that the selection of the proper etchant and etching procedure is of utmost importance for the subsequent particle characterization by means of image analysis. Moreover, the results shown here intend to act as a guide for the optimization of etching parameters with the aim of finding the most suitable solution to reveal the carbides.