gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffusion imaging changes in the treated tract following focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor (2021)

We describe diffusion tensor imaging metrics of brain microstructure changes following magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) ablation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus for the treatment of tremor in order to explore the mechanisms of tremor reduction post-MRgFUS. Tractography was performed on pre-treatment images to identify the portion of the dentato-rubro-thalamo-cortical tract (DRTT) intersecting the MRgFUS thalamotomy lesions in 17 essential tremor patients. The resulting tract was divided into regions of interest (ROI), which were then analyzed on pre-, one day post-, and three months post-treatment scans. Fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean, axial, and radial diffusivity (MD, AD, and RD) were computed in each ROI at each time point. At both one day and three months post-treatment, we observed decreased FA and increased MD and RD in the section of the treated tract between the lesion and cortex. At three months post-treatment, we additionally observed increased AD in the section between the lesion and cortex, and decreased FA in the section between the dentate nucleus and the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles. Diffusion changes at one day post-treatment may reflect local, acute effects such as inflammation and edema, as opposed to chronic degenerative processes such as axonal degeneration and myelin loss that would be expected at later time points. No significant correlations were detected between diffusion measures and clinical effects, suggesting that microstructural changes in the treated portion of the DRTT alone do not fully explain tremor reduction and motivating additional research using higher spatial resolution diffusion imaging and multimodal approaches such as integrating diffusion and functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Our individualized approach, in which patient-specific lesions are incorporated into the tractography analysis, provided novel insight into both immediate and longer term MRgFUS-related microstructural brain changes.
Doubly charged ion mass spectra: 1‐Aliphatic nitriles (1980)

Abstract The doubly charged ion mass spectra for 12 aliphatic nitriles (1–9 carbon atoms) have been obtained using an Hitachi RMU‐7L double focusing mass spectrometer. These spectra show some characteristic features such as extensive loss of hydrogen and the grouping of ions in the spectra into n ‐1 groups where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule ( n &lt;6). There are no indications of HCN or CN loss in the doubly charged ion spectra of the monosubstituted nitriles. SCF calculations of the energy and structure of doubly charged ions in the propionitrile spectra have been carried out.
Polarization independent resonant grating reflection filters with broad angular selectivities (2002)

The design of polarization independent resonant grating reflection filters with broad angular selectivities will be discussed. The structures under consideration incorporate single 2-D and dual 1-D grating regions.
SIRT5 is a proviral factor that interacts with SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 protein (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein Nsp14 is a highly conserved enzyme necessary for viral replication. Nsp14 forms a stable complex with non-structural protein Nsp10 and exhibits exoribonuclease and N7-methyltransferase activities. Protein-interactome studies identified human sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) as a putative binding partner of Nsp14. SIRT5 is an NAD-dependent protein deacylase critical for cellular metabolism that removes succinyl and malonyl groups from lysine residues. Here we investigated the nature of this interaction and the role of SIRT5 during SARS-CoV-2 infection. We showed that SIRT5 interacts with Nsp14, but not with Nsp10, suggesting that SIRT5 and Nsp10 are parts of separate complexes. We found that SIRT5 catalytic domain is necessary for the interaction with Nsp14, but that Nsp14 does not appear to be directly deacylated by SIRT5. Furthermore, knock-out of SIRT5 or treatment with specific SIRT5 inhibitors reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral levels in cell-culture experiments. SIRT5 knock-out cells expressed higher basal levels of innate immunity markers and mounted a stronger antiviral response, independently of the Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein MAVS. Our results indicate that SIRT5 is a proviral factor necessary for efficient viral replication, which opens novel avenues for therapeutic interventions.
An Approach to Identify Delivery of Palliative Radiation Therapy Using Health Care Claims Data: A Proof-of-Concept Application of a Visual Analytics Tool (2018)

Use of EventFlow, followed by statistical analysis of the linked registry and claims data, identified useful components of a claims-based measure of radiation to the bone.
Simultaneous Identification of Size and Complex Refractive Index of a Single Microbead via Mie Scattering (2018)

The comparison of a single experimental diffraction pattern with simulations produced using Mie theory enables the precise and simultaneous determination of size and complex refractive index of a polystyrene microbead. Results agree with tabulated values.
In Vitro Hepatic Gluconeogenesis during Experimental Ketosis Produced in Steers by 1,3-Butanediol and Phlorizin (1984)

Adaptations of in vitro incorporation of gluconeogenic substrates into glucose and adaptations of metabolite concentrations of liver to subcutaneous phlorizin and dietary 1,3-butanediol were examined for liver samples from dairy steers. Later, the same adaptations were examined after 6 days of feed restriction. Feeding 1,3-butanediol significantly decreased conversion of carbon-14 of lactate and propionate to glucose and to carbon dioxide. There were no changes of concentrations of hepatic glycogen or triglyceride, and increases were only minor for beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration. Both phlorizin, with or without 1,3-butanediol, and feed restriction significantly increased rates of carbon incorporation into glucose from aspartate, lactate, and propionate but did not change rates of oxidation to carbon dioxide. Phlorizin had no effect on hepatic glycogen or triglyceride concentrations, but feed restriction decreased liver glycogen and increased triglyceride concentrations. Changes associated with either phlorizin treatment or feed restriction are consistent with a decreased ratio of insulin to glucagon of blood plasma. When combined, phlorizin and 1,3-butanediol seem to have some utility for developing a ketosis model.
Variability of ULF wave power at the magnetopause: a study at low latitude with Cluster data (2012)

International audience
Genome-wide functional element detection using pairwise statistical alignment outperforms multiple genome footprinting techniques (2010)

The GRAPeFoot software and set of genome-wide functional element predictions are freely available to download online at http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/ approximately satija/GRAPeFoot/.
Forecasting the In Vivo Behavior of Radiocontaminants of Unknown Physicochemical Properties Using a Simple In Vitro Test (2016)

An understanding of the "bioavailability" of disseminated radiocontaminants is a necessary adjunct in order to tailor treatment and to calculate dose. A simple test has been designed to predict the bioavailability of different actinide forms likely to be found after dissemination of radioactive elements by dispersal devices or nuclear reactor incidents. Plutonium (Pu) or Americium (Am) nitrate or MOX (U,PuO2) are immobilized in culture wells using a static gel phase simulating biological compartments (lung, wound, etc.). Gels are incubated in a fluid phase representing physiological media (plasma, sweat, etc.). Transfer of radionuclide from static to fluid phase reflects contaminant bioavailability. After 48 h of incubation in physiological saline, Am transfer from static to fluid phase was greater than for Pu (70% vs. 15% of initial activity). Transfer of Pu or Am was markedly less from the oxide form of the two elements (1% Am and 0.05% Pu transferred). Medium representing intracellular lysosomal fluid (pH 4) increased transfer of Pu and Am, whereas culture medium including serum reduced actinide transfer. Actinide transfer was also reduced by elements of the extracellular matrix present in the static gel phase. Increasing DTPA concentrations (5 to 500 μM) to the fluid phase significantly enhanced transfer of Pu and Am. Although this agarose gel cannot fully represent in vivo complexity, this simple test can be used to investigate and predict the behavior in vivo of radiocontaminants to support medical treatments and medical forensic investigations.
Combining the fast irregular antenna field transformation algorithm with asymptotic high frequency methods (2015)

The fast irregular antenna field transformation algorithm (FIAFTA) is extended by the asymptotic high frequency methods geometrical optics (GO) and the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) to consider the effect of electrically large scattering objects in near-field antenna measurement setups. The extension is realized by decomposing the measurement setup into two domains: The first domain is covered by accurate plane wave expansion based field transformation principles and contains the unknown equivalent sources of the AUT and the observation points. In the second domain, electrically large components are located whose effect on the measurement is considered using ray optical concepts. This hybrid method allows to reduce the number of inverse problem unknowns and the number of near-field samples. It can also be used to compensate the influence of reflections caused by electrically large and well known scattering objects. Numerical examples show the applicability and effectiveness of the approach.
The explicit/implicit distinction in studies of visuomotor learning: Conceptual and methodological pitfalls (2020)

The peer review history for this article is available at https://publons.com/publon/10.1111/ejn.14984 No new data were gathered for this commentary.
Insights into Methyltransferase Specificity and Bioactivity of Derivatives of the Antibiotic Plantazolicin (2015)

Peptide antibiotics represent a class of conformationally constrained natural products of growing pharmaceutical interest. Plantazolicin (PZN) is a linear, polyheterocyclic natural product with highly selective and potent activity against the anthrax-causing bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. The bioactivity of PZN is contingent on dimethylation of its N-terminal Arg residue by an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase. Here, we explore the substrate tolerances of two homologous PZN methyltransferases by carrying out kinetic analyses of the enzymes against a synthetic panel of truncated PZN analogs containing the N-terminal Arg residue. X-ray cocrystal structures of the PZN methyltransferases with each of these heterocycle-containing substrates provide a rationale for understanding the strict substrate specificity of these enzymes. Kinetic studies of structure-guided, site-specific variants allowed for the assignment of residues governing catalysis and substrate scope. Microbiological testing further revealed that upon dimethylation of the N-terminal Arg, a pentaheterocyclized PZN analog retained potent anti-B. anthracis activity, nearly equal to that of full-length PZN. These studies may be useful in the biosynthetic engineering of natural product analogs with different bioactivity profiles, as demonstrated by our identification of a truncated plantazolicin derivative that is active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Hyperlink analysis for the Web (2001)

Hyperlink analysis algorithms significantly improve the relevance of the search results on the Web, so much so that all major Web search engines claim to use some type of hyperlink analysis. However, the search engines do not disclose details about the type of hyperlink analysis they perform, mostly to avoid manipulation of search results by Web-positioning companies. The article discusses how hyperlink analysis can be applied to ranking algorithms, and surveys other ways Web search engines can use this analysis.
Evolution of RAAF Aircraft Structural Fatigue Life Monitoring from Mirage to Hornet (1987)

The evolution of Mirage structural life monitoring is presented detailing the hardware and techniques developed to enable safe operation of the fleet. The monitoring systems for the F/A-18 Hornet are detailed and the infrastructure now necessary to collect and process the data is summarized. Conclusions are drawn with observations on the benefits and drawbacks of modern aircraft structural fatigue monitoring.
Inhibitory effect of fumaric acid on 3'-methyl-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. (1989)

Fumaric acid (FA) suppressed the carcinogenesis in the liver of rats fed 3'-methyl-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene (3'-Me-DAB), and a study was performed to examine the effect of FA on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and subcellular structures of hepatocytes under the anticarcinogenic regimens. Male Donryu strain rats were given 3'-Me-DAB by being fed a diet containing 0.06% 3'-Me-DAB for 50 d. They were then given a diet containing 1% FA and drinking water containing 0.025% FA for 53 to 69 weeks. Hepatocytes were isolated from the liver by the collagenase perfusion method and placed in culture, and their activity for DNA synthesis was measured in terms of the incorporation of [3H]dThd into DNA. An enhanced DNA synthesis of hepatocytes was noted in the rats given FA, indicating that FA enhanced the proliferation of hepatocytes to counteract the carcinogenic effect of 3'-Me-DAB. An electron microscopic examination indicated that the distribution of subcellular organella was almost normal in the FA-treated hepatocytes.
Designing optimal phytosanitary inspection policy: a conceptual framework and an application (2007)

Optimal allocation of available resources to minimize quarantine risks related to international trade is a problem facing plant protection agencies worldwide. In this paper a model of budget allocation to minimize quarantine risks is developed. Theoretical conditions that budget allocation should satisfy are derived. These conditions imply that optimal allocation of resources is achieved when the marginal pest risks are equalized across risky pathways. Furthermore, an empirical model of budget distribution is developed. In the empirical model, the protecting agency wants to minimize the expected number of infested ornamental plants imported in a given country. The model is parameterized using data on import of ornamental commodities, the associated quarantine risks and costs of import phytosanitary inspections pertaining to the Netherlands. The results of the empirical model suggest that under specific assumptions (such as constant risk) greater risk reduction can be achieved by allocating larger funds to inspection of riskier pathways, and less or no funds to less risky pathways. The protecting agency has to trade off the risks from pathways that vary in terms of risk. Keywords: optimal inspection; quarantine pest; ornamental plants
Range Scan Registration Using Reduced Deformable Models (2009)

Abstract We present an unsupervised method for registering range scans of deforming, articulated shapes. The key idea is to model the motion of the underlying object using a reduced deformable model. We use a linear skinning model for its simplicity and represent the weight functions on a regular grid localized to the surface geometry. This decouples the deformation model from the surface representation and allows us to deal with the severe occlusion and missing data that is inherent in range scan data. We formulate the registration problem using an objective function that enforces close alignment of the 3D data and includes an intuitive notion of joints. This leads to an optimization problem that we solve using an efficient EM‐type algorithm. With our algorithm we obtain smooth deformations that accurately register pairs of range scans with significant motion and occlusion. The main advantages of our approach are that it does not require user specified markers, a template, nor manual segmentation of the surface geometry into rigid parts.
A simple unfold method for Rutherford scattering, intense ion-beam spectrographs (1992)

Elastic Rutherford scattering with subsequent momentum analysis has become a powerful tool for analyzing intense, pulsed light-ion beams for inertial confinement fusion studies. The ion spectrum is obtained by mathematical inversion of the data. This paper reports a product-integration solution to the inverse problem which is readily adapted to rapid data analysis and is simpler in form than reported previously. While this approach introduces some unphysical (negative) components into the solution, these are often negligible. Discussed here are the unfold method together with its accuracy and precision.
Real-time Top-K Predictive Query Processing over Event Streams (2015)

This paper addresses the problem of predicting the k events that are most likely to occur next, over historical real-time event streams. Existing approaches to causal prediction queries have a number of limitations. First, they exhaustively search over an acyclic causal network to find the most likely k effect events; however, data from real event streams frequently reflect cyclic causality. Second, they contain conservative assumptions intended to exclude all possible non-causal links in the causal network; it leads to the omission of many less-frequent but important causal links. We overcome these limitations by proposing a novel event precedence model and a run-time causal inference mechanism. The event precedence model constructs a first order absorbing Markov chain incrementally over event streams, where an edge between two events signifies a temporal precedence relationship between them, which is a necessary condition for causality. Then, the run-time causal inference mechanism learns causal relationships dynamically during query processing. This is done by removing some of the temporal precedence relationships that do not exhibit causality in the presence of other events in the event precedence model. This paper presents two query processing algorithms -- one performs exhaustive search on the model and the other performs a more efficient reduced search with early termination. Experiments using two real datasets (cascading blackouts in power systems and web page views) verify the effectiveness of the probabilistic top-k prediction queries and the efficiency of the algorithms. Specifically, the reduced search algorithm reduced runtime, relative to exhaustive search, by 25-80% (depending on the application) with only a small reduction in accuracy.
Synthesis of Combretastatin A-4 and 3′-Aminocombretastatin A-4 derivatives with Aminoacid Containing Pendants and Study of their Interaction with Tubulin and as Downregulators of the VEGF, hTERT and c-Myc Gene Expression (2020)

Natural product combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) and its nitrogenated analogue 3'-aminocombretastatin A-4 (AmCA-4) have shown promising antitumor activities. In this study, a range of CA-4 and AmCA-4 derivatives containing amino acid pendants have been synthesized in order to compare their biological actions with those of their parent compounds. Thus, inhibition of cell proliferation on tumor cell lines HT-29, MCF-7 and A-549, as well as on the nontumor cell line HEK-273; in vitro tubulin polymerization; mitotic cell arrest; action on the microtubule cell network and inhibition of VEGF, hTERT, and c-Myc genes have been evaluated. Some AmCA-4 derivatives bearing L-amino acids exhibited inhibition of cell proliferation at low nanomolar levels exceeding the values shown by AmCA-4. Furthermore, while CA-4 and AmCA-4 derivatives do not show significant effects on the in vitro tubulin polymerization and cell cycle arrest, some selected CA-4 and AmCA-4 derivatives are able to cause total depolymerization of the microtubule network on A-549 cells. The best results were obtained in the inhibition of gene expression, particularly on the <i>VEGF</i> gene, in which some AmCA-4 derivatives greatly exceeded the inhibition values achieved by the parent compound.
Hotpipe project : Capacity of pipes subject to internal pressure, axial force and bending moment (1999)

Several studies have been performed in order to better understand the local buckling of pipes subjected to internal pressure, axial load and bending moment. Experimental tests have been carried out and simplified analytical solutions have been developed in order to predict the pipe bending moment capacity and the allowable level of deformation. In recent years, the comparison of experimental tests and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results, obtained with standard finite element structural codes available on the market such as ABAQUS, ADINA, ANSYS, etc., has demonstrated the capability of FEA to give robust and reliable results. Therefore, in the present study finite element methods have been used to create a numerical testing laboratory with the following advantages with respect to experimental tests: ○ a better control of the relevant parameters affecting the pipe behaviour, ○ an accurate monitoring of the loads and deformations along both the pipe axis and pipe circumference, ○ a larger amount of information as regards both the stresses and the strains on the pipe model, ○ a cheaper cost. This paper describes the main findings of the study performed in the HOTPIPE project aiming at establishing the failure mechanisms and limit state formulations of pipes subjected to internal pressure, bending moment and axial compression.
Results of the Bezafibrate Coronary Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial (BECAIT) and an update on trials now in progress. (1998)

Bezafibrate is a latest generation fibrate derivative that substantially reduces total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and increases high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The Bezafibrate Coronary Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial (BECAIT) was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial over 5 years to assess the angiographic benefits of bezafibrate retard (400 mg. day (-1) in young, male, post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) patients. The trial demonstrated that without lowering serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol, progression of coronary atherosclerosis was prevented and the coronary event rate reduced. In subgroup analyse, bezafibrate decreased the rate of progression of coronary atherosclerosis and coronary event rate in young post-MI patients, primarily by slowing the progression of mild-to-moderate lesions. Additional studies are underway to explore further the benefits of this fibrate in coronary heart disease. The Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention study is the first trial to investigate the effects of raising HDL cholesterol and lowering triglycerides in patients with established coronary disease. The Lower Extremity Arterial Disease Event Reduction study is assessing the benefit of lowering fibrinogen in the prevention of major ischaemic heart disease and stroke in patients with peripheral vascular disease.
Adjuvant systemic therapy of lung cancer. (1978)

Theodore Roosevelt sends his acknowledgment of the kindness and thoughtfulness of the letter from A. H. Townsend.