gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New ferromagnetic core shapes for induction sensors (2014)

Abstract. Induction sensors are used in a wide range of scientific and industrial applications. One way to improve these is rigorous modelling of the sensor combined with a low voltage and current input noise preamplifier aiming to optimize the whole induction magnetometer. In this paper, we explore another way, which consists in the use of original ferromagnetic core shapes of induction sensors, which bring substantial improvements. These new configurations are the cubic, orthogonal and coiled-core induction sensors. For each of them we give modelling elements and discuss their benefits and drawbacks with respect to a given noise-equivalent magnetic induction goal. Our discussion is supported by experimental results for the cubic and orthogonal configurations, while the coiled-core configuration remains open to experimental validation. The transposition of these induction sensor configurations to other magnetic sensors (fluxgate and giant magneto-impedance) is an exciting prospect of this work.
No Evidence of a Common DNA Variant Profile Specific to World Class Endurance Athletes (2016)

There are strong genetic components to cardiorespiratory fitness and its response to exercise training. It would be useful to understand the differences in the genomic profile of highly trained endurance athletes of world class caliber and sedentary controls. An international consortium (GAMES) was established in order to compare elite endurance athletes and ethnicity-matched controls in a case-control study design. Genome-wide association studies were undertaken on two cohorts of elite endurance athletes and controls (GENATHLETE and Japanese endurance runners), from which a panel of 45 promising markers was identified. These markers were tested for replication in seven additional cohorts of endurance athletes and controls: from Australia, Ethiopia, Japan, Kenya, Poland, Russia and Spain. The study is based on a total of 1520 endurance athletes (835 who took part in endurance events in World Championships and/or Olympic Games) and 2760 controls. We hypothesized that world-class athletes are likely to be characterized by an even higher concentration of endurance performance alleles and we performed separate analyses on this subsample. The meta-analysis of all available studies revealed one statistically significant marker (rs558129 at GALNTL6 locus, p = 0.0002), even after correcting for multiple testing. As shown by the low heterogeneity index (I2 = 0), all eight cohorts showed the same direction of association with rs558129, even though p-values varied across the individual studies. In summary, this study did not identify a panel of genomic variants common to these elite endurance athlete groups. Since GAMES was underpowered to identify alleles with small effect sizes, some of the suggestive leads identified should be explored in expanded comparisons of world-class endurance athletes and sedentary controls and in tightly controlled exercise training studies. Such studies have the potential to illuminate the biology not only of world class endurance performance but also of compromised cardiac functions and cardiometabolic diseases.
Correction to: First results on survival from a large Phase 3 clinical trial of an autologous dendritic cell vaccine in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (2018)

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in the spelling of one of the author names. In this Correction the incorrect and correct author names are indicated and the author name has been updated in the original publication. The authors also reported an error in the Methods section of the original article. In this Correction the incorrect and correct versions of the affected sentence are indicated. The original article has not been updated with regards to the error in the Methods section.
Fast decimation-in-frequency direct binary search algorithms for synthesis of computer-generated holograms (1994)

Fast decimation-in-frequency direct binary search (DBS) algorithms for the computation of binary computer-generated holograms (CGH’s) are developed. The algorithms use the geometry of the image plane and the decimation-in-frequency property to design a fast method of scanning the hologram with the DBS method. In this way the computational complexity of the method is substantially reduced. For complex-amplitude-based error, the asymptotic computational complexity for an L-point CGH is reduced by a factor of O[(L/log2L)1/2]. For intensity-based error, the asymptotic computational complexity for an L-point CGH is reduced by a factor of O[(L log2L)1/4]. When the probability of accepting an inversion is small, an acceleration technique is also used to reduce further the time complexity.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐5‐oxotetrahydrofuran‐2‐carboxylic Acids. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular, crystallographic and algorithmic factors in structure determination from powder diffraction data by simulated annealing (2002)

The crystal structure of famotidine form B has been solved directly from powder diffraction data by the application of simulated annealing. The molecule crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / c with refined unit-cell dimensions a = 17.6547 (4), b = 5.2932 (1), c = 18.2590 (3) Å and β = 123.558 (1)° at T = 130 K. The core of this work is a systematic investigation of the influence of algorithmic, crystallographic and molecular factors on the structure solution process. With an appropriate choice of annealing schedule, molecular description and diffraction data range, the overall number of successes in solving the crystal structure is close to 100%. Other factors, including crystallographic search space restrictions and parameter sampling method, have little effect on the structure solution process. The basic principles elucidated here have been factored into the design of the DASH structure solution program.
New highly electrodeficient cationic fluorescent tetrazines: a step toward the strongest purely organic photooxidants (2014)

Strongly fluorescent electrodeficient tetrazines substituted with cationic heterocycles have been prepared. These compounds can be reversibly reduced at a high potential and consequently they are strong oxidants in the excited state. As a result of their very strong photooxidant character, their fluorescence is quenched in the presence of toluene, m-xylene, styrene and sometimes even benzene, through a photoinduced electron transfer reaction via a dynamic quenching mechanism. Beyond their photooxidizing properties, these new molecules have potential towards the realization of new fluorescence sensors. As an example, tetrazine 3 has been dispersed on silica particles and we have demonstrated that its fluorescence is quenched upon exposure to benzene vapors.
303. Condensation products of phenols and ketones. Part IV. o-Cresol with acetone (1939)

W. Baker and D. M. Besly, J. Chem. Soc., 1939, 1421 DOI: 10.1039/JR9390001421
Manifestation of longitudinal spatial coherence of light in the interference experiments (2005)

The phenomenon of longitudinal spatial coherence of light and conditions of manifestation of this type of coherence in the interference experiments with Michelson interferometer are discussed. Manifestation of longitudinal spatial coherence of light of an extended thermal source at large (in comparison with length of longitudinal spatial coherence) and short lengths oftemporal coherence oflight has been experimentally shown.
Retroviral Infection Is Limited by Brownian Motion (1996)

Replication-defective retroviruses are frequently used as gene carriers for gene transfer into target cells. Here we show that the short half-lives of retroviruses limit the distance that they can effectively travel in solution by Brownian motion, and thus the possibility of successful gene transfer. This physiochemical limitation can be overcome, and effective contact between the retroviral gene carrier and the target cell can be obtained, by using net convective flow of retrovirus-containing medium through a layer of target cells. Using model cell lines (NIH-3T3 and CV-1), it was shown that gene transfer rates can be increased by more than an order of magnitude using the same concentration infection medium. High transduction rates could be obtained even in the absence of polycations, such as Polybrene, which heretofore have been required to achieve reasonable transduction rates. This development may play an important role in realizing human gene therapy.
Synthesis of stable single-crystalline carbon dioxide clathrate powder by pressure swing crystallization (2023)

Reversible CO2 capture and release under ambient conditions is crucial for energy-efficient carbon capture and storage. Here, we report the pressure swing crystallization of CO2 in a single-crystalline guanidinium sulfate-based clathrate salt under practical conditions of 52 kPa and 298 K, with a high CO2 density (0.252 g cm−3) and capacity (17 wt %). The captured CO2 is released as a pure stream through moderate means of pressure or temperature stimulation, all while the desorbed Gua2SO4 is ready for another cycle. The clathrate is selective exclusively to CO2 even in the presence of common flue gas components, such as water vapor and N2, owing to the specific electrostatic interaction between the CO2 and guanidinium cations. The mechanism unraveled through single-crystal studies is distinctively different from physisorption or chemisorption, opening up a promising venue for future carbon capture and storage technologies through rapid CO2 solidification using an abundant salt.
ExCon: Making billion pixel radio interferometric images (2014)

Imaging a wide field of view with high enough resolution is needed for calibration and achieving a high dynamic range, especially with low frequency interferometers. This paper describes a new imager (ExCon) that is able to make widefield images that are far larger in size compared to images made by existing imaging software. In the process of implementing this new imager, we have also introduced new algorithms in image weighting and convolution kernel calculation. We also give details about these algorithms. Deconvolution algorithms will be implemented as future work.
Induction Machine Fault Detection Using SOM-Based RBF Neural Networks (2004)

A radial-basis-function (RBF) neural-network-based fault detection system is developed for performing induction machine fault detection and analysis. Four feature vectors are extracted from power spectra of machine vibration signals. The extracted features are inputs of an RBF-type neural network for fault identification and classification. The optimal network architecture of the RBF network is determined automatically by our proposed cell-splitting grid algorithm. This facilitates the conventional laborious trial-and-error procedure in establishing an optimal architecture. In this paper, the proposed RBF machine fault diagnostic system has been intensively tested with unbalanced electrical faults and mechanical faults operating at different rotating speeds. The proposed system is not only able to detect electrical and mechanical faults, but the system is also able to estimate the extent of faults.
Lithium-Neuroleptic Neurotoxicity in the Elderly (1986)

The frequency and clinical characteristics of lithium- and neuroleptic-mediated neurotoxicity were determined in 10 elderly bipolar patients. When lithium was used alone and therapeutic serum lithium levels were achieved, neurotoxicity did not develop. However, when a neuroleptic was added, neurotoxicity developed in 60% (three of five) of patients and was characterized by delirium, extrapyramidal signs, and cerebellar dysfunction. Neurotoxicity occurred despite the use of neuroleptic dosages that are considered safe and useful when administered in the absence of other psychoactive drugs.
Theoretical Study on the Vapochromic Ni(II)–Quinonoid Complex: One-Dimensional Stacking Structure-Based Color Switching (2022)

Vapochromic crystals of Ni(II)-quinonoid complexes were theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Kato et al. previously reported that the purple crystals of a four-coordinate Ni(II)-quinonoid complex (<b>1P</b>) exhibited vapochromic characteristics upon exposure to methanol gas, resulting in orange crystals of the six-coordinate methanol-bound complex (<b>1O</b>) [<i>Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.</i><b>2017</b>, <i>56</i>, 2345-2349]. However, the authors did not characterize the crystal structure of <b>1P</b>. In the present study, we computationally predicted the crystal structure of <b>1P</b> by performing a crystal structure search with classical force-field computations followed by optimization using DFT calculations. The simulated powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the DFT-optimized structure agreed with experimental observations, indicating that our predicted crystal structure is reliable. Investigation of the optimized crystal structure of <b>1P</b> revealed that its color change arose from changes in its 1D-band structure, which consists of Ni 3d orbitals and quinonoid π-orbitals. Intermolecular interactions were weakened upon the binding of methanol to the Ni(II) center in <b>1O</b>. Consequently, the intermolecular 3d-π interaction in <b>1P</b> lowered the band gap and induced the red-shifting of the monomeric four-coordinate Ni(II)-quinonoid complex. Meanwhile, the obtained absorption spectrum of <b>1O</b> closely corresponded to that of the monomeric six-coordinate Ni(II)-quinonoid complex. Our study provides a new strategy for accurately predicting molecular crystal structures and reveals a new insight into vapochromism based on band structure color switching.
The ETS-related factor TEL is regulated by angiogenic growth factor VEGF in HUVE-cells. (1999)

Angiogenesis is a multistage process that requires, at its early stages, proliferation of endothelial cells, the break down of the basement membrane, and subsequent budding of new vessel-like structures. The regulation of the process of endothelial cell proliferation and migration during angiogenesis involves the ETS family of transcription factors. The TEL gene is an ETS family transcription factor that may play a role in vessel formation. VEGF is a specific growth factor in vessel formation and in this study its regulatory effects on TEL gene expression are detailed. Moreover, it was shown that the effects of VEGF are mediated through the MAP kinase pathway via ERK2. In conclusion, TEL protein is endogenously expressed by HUVE-Cells during normal growth.
The L-band Land Mobile Payload (LLM) aboard ARTEMIS (1996)

ARTEMIS is a communication satellite of ESA, developed in the framework of the Data Relay and Technological Mission program (DRTM). ARTEMIS will provide in orbit demonstration of interorbit links at S band, Ka band, and optical frequencies. Moreover, it handles an advanced payload for mobile communication at L band (LLM). This paper concentrates on the LLM payload, reports on its design and performance, and focuses on some key features, such as the use of the multiport amplifier technique and multibeam generation. (Author)
Thyroglossal Duct Carcinoma in Children: Case Presentation and Review of the Literature (2004)

Carcinoma within the thyroglossal duct (TGDCa) is a very rare pediatric tumor. This report presents the case of a 15-year-old girl with TGDCa, reviews the previously published pediatric cases of this tumor, and provides diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in TGDCa in children. Twenty one cases of TGDCa have been reported, 12 of them in females. Mean age at presentation was approximately 13 years for females and approximately 12 years for males. The duration of a midcervical mass prior to the diagnosis of TGDCa varied from 3 weeks to 8 years. The size of the neck mass at presentation averaged 2 cm–4 cm. All masses were asymptomatic, and the diagnosis of TGDCa was incidental following surgery. All pediatric cases of TGDCa reported thus far were of the papillary type, except for 3 patients who presented with a mixed papillary–follicular carcinoma. Capsular invasion was detected in 10 (45%) patients. Local invasive disease was found in 5 (23%) patients, but all removed thyroid glands (12) were free of carcinoma. One patient had lung metastases. Thyroidectomy with subsequent radioiodine ablation was the treatment of choice in the majority of the cases. The reported prognosis for TGDCa in children was favorable, with only one reported death.
Analytical methods for prediction of tensile properties of plain knitted fabric reinforced composites (1997)

This paper describes analytical models for predicting the elastic and tensile strength properties of knitted fabric reinforced composites. Owing to the looped yarn architecture, knitted fabric composites possess fiber and resin-rich regions. Initially, a geometric model has been identified for estimating the orientation of yarn in the knitted fabric. Using the unit cell approach, a 'cross-over model' has been proposed for expressing the cross-over of curved yarns of knitted fabric. Using laminated plate theory, the effective elastic properties of the yarns in the cross-over model have been estimated. Elastic properties of the composite were determined by combining the effective elastic properties of the curved yarns and the resin-rich regions. Tensile strength properties have been predicted by estimating the fracture strength of yarns bridging the fracture plane. Tensile properties of knitted fabric composites with different volume fraction of fibers were predicted. The analytical procedures have been validated by comparing one set of experimental results with the predictions. The applicability and limitation of these models have been discussed.
Preparation of Chiral Nitroxide Radicals and Spontaneous Optical Resolution by Recrystallization (1994)

Conglomerates of enantiomeric single crystals are formed on slow recrystallization of the chiral nitroxide radicals 1, R  H, Me, obtained according to reaction (a). The unusual arrangement of 1 in the crystal may explain the spontaneous optical resolution.
Three wrongs make a right (1995)

When dealing with graphics operations that must be fast (like the inner loops of rendering algorithms), I usually like to do calculations with fixed-point arithmetic (that is, scaled integers) rather than floating point arithmetic. The exact scaling factor used can have some interesting effects on the speed and errors in the calculation. In this article, I'll give some titbits I've discovered or picked up from others about this. In particular, I'll talk about some of the advantages of using odd numbers of the form 2/sup n/-1 as scaling factors. The motivation for this discussion is the desire to do arithmetic on pixel values: red, green, blue, or alpha. These values are in the range 0...1, so all numbers you see here are positive. In the discussion that follows, I'll use floating point as a testbed and as scaffolding to derive integer formulas. All final calculations take place using only integer arithmetic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chlorine-36 as a Continuing Indicator of Extracellular Fluid Volume in the Dog (1973)

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Methodology to determine 36 Cl dilution space and fate of the 36 Cl in the body fluids in 9 mature, splenectomized, nonanesthetized dogs given a single intravenous injection of 36 Cl was investigated (9-day experimental period). Chlorine-36 rapidly diffused out of the bloodstream into the extravascular fluids until 30 to 40 minutes after tracer injection, at which time the plasma 36 Cl concentration in all dogs had reached an almost constant value. The mean plasma 36 Cl concentration curve regressed uniformly with narrow standard deviations, and at the 9th day, the mean plasma 36 Cl value was 48%. The ratio of 36 Cl specific activity in thoracic duct lymph to plasma reached a value of 1.0 approximately 30 minutes after radioisotope injection, and this value was maintained over a 3-day period. The values for extracellular fluid volume ( ecfv ) reached a stable value in all dogs approximately 30 minutes after injection and remained essentially constant for 24 hours. Thereafter, the measurement of ecfv seemed to vary. Values for ecfv remained relatively stable in several if the dogs throughout the experimental period. Chlorine-36 space volumes in these dogs, corrected for normal plasma water and Donnan equilibrium, were 16.4, 16.2, ind 16.5% of body weight at 1, 3, and 9 days, respectively, after isotope injection. The rate of biologic decay of plasma 36 Cl remained stable for the duration of the experimental period. In conclusion, 36 Cl space volume values seemed reliable in all dogs from 30 minutes to 24 hours and, in some dogs, for 9 days after a single 36 Cl injection, using present 36 Cl methodology. Standard deviations became progressively larger in some dogs after 24 hours, and the cause was analyzed as having technologic origin.
External Treatment of Broiler Chickens with Lactic-Acid-Producing Bacteria Before Slaughter (2005)

Lactic-acid-producing bacterial cultures were applied to the skin of live broilers 24 hours before slaughter to determine whether inoculation with the cultures could affect the numbers of bacteria that are normally found on the skin of processed broiler carcasses. The cultures contained 10,000 to 100,000 cfu/mL and were suspended in 250 mL of a pH 6.0 nutrient medium (including glucose, peptone, beef extract, yeast extract, a surfactant, and salts) intended to enhance the survival and growth of the cultures. With broilers suspended by the feet, feathers were moved aside and the liquid suspension was sprayed directly on the skin. Sprayed broilers were then returned to a pen. In each of three replications, 4 six-wk-old broilers were sprayed and 4 broilers were kept as untreated controls. The following day, broilers were processed in a research processing facility and defeathered carcasses were sampled by rinsing for 1 min in 200 mL o f peptone water after removal of heads and feet. Coliforms, E. coli, lactic-acid bacteria, and Campylobacter in carcass rinses were enumerated by standard methods. After removal of aliquots for plating, the remaining sample volume was enriched to detect Salmonella. No differences were found in log (cfu/mL) of coliforms, 10 E. coli, or lactic-acid bacteria between the treated and control carcasses. Salmonella bacteria were present on some carcasses, but with no difference between treatments. Campylobacter spp. were present in only one replication, so numbers of Campylobacter could not be analyzed statistically. Spraying lactic-acid- producing bacteria with nutrients on the skin of live broilers on the day before processing appears to have no effect on numbers of bacteria that are present on the skin after defeathering.
Improved integrated resonators in polymer technology for tunable filter (2012)

In order to create thermally tunable filter, we fabricate integrated micro-ring resonators with specific polymers. Their high index contrast (&Delta;n ~ 0.15 at the wavelength of 1550 nm) allows to make small size waveguides (typically with cross sections of 1.2 &times; 1.5 &mu;m<sup>2</sup>). We study the impact of different ring radii and gaps on the response of filters. Compared to the state of the art with polymers, we have obtained ring resonators with good characteristics. These results and the high thermo-optic coefficient of polymers enable us to plan the creation of thermally tunable resonators. For that purpose, we develop a thermal model of the polymer waveguide behaviour in order to minimize the electrical consumption of a tunable filter. First experiments of thermal tunability of the micro-ring filter are also reported to work on a range of 40 &deg;C giving a 5 nm shift of the dropped wavelength.