gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theory of optimal beam splitting by phase gratings II Square and hexagonal gratings (2007)

We use the calculus of variations to give a general theory for finding optimal square and hexagonal phase gratings for doing beam splitting.
Meta-compiling text grammars as a model for human behavior (1975)

Article Free Access Share on Meta-compiling text grammars as a model for human behavior Author: Sheldon Klein University of Wisconsin University of WisconsinView Profile Authors Info & Claims TINLAP '75: Proceedings of the 1975 workshop on Theoretical issues in natural language processingJune 1975 Pages 84–88https://doi.org/10.3115/980190.980217Online:10 June 1975Publication History 1citation196DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads196Last 12 Months42Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Biochemical and molecular analysis of a transmembrane protein kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana (1993)

We have isolated genomic and cDNA clones encoding a novel receptor-like protein kinase from the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This kinase is being studied by combining biochemical, molecular, and genetic approaches. Domain-specific antibodies immunodecorate a polypeptide with a molecular mass of 120,000 daltons in extracts of Arabidopsis, where it has been found in all portions of the plant examined including root, stem, leaf, flower, and silique. Cytochemical analysis and initial studies using the kinase promoter with the GUS reporter gene system also indicate that the kinase is present throughout the plant. The kinase is glycosylated, like animal receptor kinases, and has been partially purified from Arabidopsis by using lectin columns. The kinase has been expressed in E coli, purified, and found to autophosphorylate on serine and threonine residues, but not on tyrosine residues. As such, it belongs to the small family of receptor-like kinases with serine/threonine specificity. Transgenic plants are now being produced that either overexpress or carry altered forms of the protein kinase gene. These experiments will help determine the natural role the kinase plays in a pathway of signal transduction.
Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolase Isozymes from the Parasitic Protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (1995)

We have previously reported the presence of a novel nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (NTPase) in the rapidly multiplying tachyzoite form of a virulent strain (RH) of Toxoplasma gondii. On further examination, it was found that the purified enzyme was not a single enzyme but was a mixture of two isozymes termed NTPase-I and NTPase-II. The two isozymes had similar molecular masses of approximately 240-270 kDa by gel filtration and contained four identical subunits of molecular mass 66-67 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both forms of the NTPase were activated by dithiothreitol, and NTPase-I had a specific activity 4.5-fold higher than NTPase-II in hydrolysis of ATP. The primary difference between these isozymes lies in their ability to hydrolyze nucleoside triphosphate versus diphosphate substrates. While NTPase-II hydrolyzed ATP to ADP and ADP to AMP at almost the same rate, NTPase-I hydrolyzed ADP to AMP at a much slower rate (0.7% of the rate for ATP). The complete cDNAs for NTPase-I and NTPase-II were sequenced and found to encode the same size predicted open reading frame of which only 16 of 628 amino acids differed between the two isozymes. Both forms of the NTPase contained an NH2-terminal hydrophobic signal peptide, consistent with our previous findings that these enzymes are secreted into the host cell vacuole occupied by the parasite. The gene encoding NTPase-II was found in all strains of Toxoplasma, while the NTPase-I was confined only to virulent strains. Expression of this highly active ATPase (NTPase-I) may contribute to intracellular survival and virulence of T. gondii.
Clustering with Distributed Data (2019)

We consider $K$-means clustering in networked environments (e.g., internet of things (IoT) and sensor networks) where data is inherently distributed across nodes and processing power at each node may be limited. We consider a clustering algorithm referred to as networked $K$-means, or $NK$-means, which relies only on local neighborhood information exchange. Information exchange is limited to low-dimensional statistics and not raw data at the agents. The proposed approach develops a parametric family of multi-agent clustering objectives (parameterized by $ρ$) and associated distributed $NK$-means algorithms (also parameterized by $ρ$). The $NK$-means algorithm with parameter $ρ$ converges to a set of fixed points relative to the associated multi-agent objective (designated as `generalized minima'). By appropriate choice of $ρ$, the set of generalized minima may be brought arbitrarily close to the set of Lloyd's minima. Thus, the $NK$-means algorithm may be used to compute Lloyd's minima of the collective dataset up to arbitrary accuracy.
Randomized Trial of Combined Aerobic, Resistance, and Cognitive Training to Improve Recovery From Stroke: Feasibility and Safety (2020)

Background Physical exercise and cognitive training have been recommended to improve cognitive outcomes poststroke, but a multifaceted strategy including aerobic, resistance, and cognitive training to facilitate poststroke recovery has not been investigated. We aimed to assess the feasibility, adherence, and safety of a combined aerobic, resistance, and cognitive training intervention (CARET+CTI) after stroke. Methods and Results We prospectively randomized patients presenting with recent stroke to a comparison of a supervised 12-week CARET+CTI program and a control group receiving sham CARET+CTI. Participants were scheduled for 3 weekly CARET and CTI sessions. All participants underwent pre- and postintervention assessments of strength, endurance, and cognition. The primary outcomes were feasibility and adherence, defined as the ratio of scheduled and observed visits, and safety. We enrolled 131 participants, of whom 37 withdrew from the study. There were 17 (20%) withdrawals in the CARET+CTI and 20 (44%) in the control group. The observed-over-expected visit ratio was significantly higher in the intervention than in the control group (0.74±0.30 versus 0.54±0.38; <i>P</i>=0.003). A total of 99 adverse events were reported by 59 participants, none of which were serious and related to the intervention. Greater gains in physical, cognitive, and mood outcomes were found in the CARET+CTI group than in the control group, but were not statistically significant after adjustments. Conclusions A CARET+CTI intervention, after stroke, is safe, feasible, and has satisfactory participant adherence over 12 weeks. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02272426.
Three dimensional nanoporous density graded materials formed by optical exposures through conformable phase masks (2006)

Control of spectral bandwidth, illumination angle, and degree of collimation of light passing through a conformable phase mask provides an experimentally simple route to nanostructured materials with well defined depth gradients in density (i.e., porosity). In this approach, the illumination conditions define spatial variations in visibility of the distributions of intensity. Exposure of photopolymers to these intensity distributions generates, after developing, solid structures with geometries that compare well with expectation based on modeling of the optics. A range of structures is demonstrated, some of which have potential applications ranging from targets for laser fusion to vehicles for controlled release of chemicals.
Efficient estimation algorithms for neighborhood variance and other moments (2004)

The neighborhood variance problem is as follows. Given a (directed or undirected) graph with values associated with each node, compute a data structure that for any given node v and r ≥ 0, would quickly produce an estimate of the variance of all values of nodes that lie within distance r from v. The problem can be generalized to other moment functions and to arbitrary distance-dependent decay.These problems are motivated by applications where the relevance of a measurement observed (or data present) at a certain location decreases with its distance, and thus the aggregate value varies by location. The centralized version of the problem is motivated by applications to query processing on graphical databases. The distributed version of the problem falls in a model we recently introduced for spatially decaying aggregation and is motivated by sensor or p2p networks.We present novel algorithms for the centralized and distributed versions of the problem. Our algorithms are nearly optimal, the centralized version requires O(m) time and the distributed version requires polylogarithmic communication per node or edge (depending on assumptions).
Variations in the NBN/NBS1 gene and the risk of breast cancer in non-BRCA1/2French Canadian families with high risk of breast cancer (2009)

Our analysis of NBN sequence variations indicated that potential NBN alterations are present, albeit at a low frequency, in our cohort of high-risk breast cancer cases. Further analyses will be needed to fully ascertain the exact impact of those variants on breast cancer susceptibility, in particular for variants located in NBN promoter region.
Induction of Apoptosis in Murine Fetal Thymocytes Following Perinatal Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol (2006)

Perinatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) is known to cause thymic atrophy in mice, although the precise mechanism remains unclear. In the current study the authors investigated whether perinatal exposure to DES would trigger apoptosis in thymocytes. To this end, C57BL/6 pregnant mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) on gestational day (gd)-15 and -16 with 5 microg/kg DES. Analysis of thymi harvested from mice on gd-17, gd-19 and postnatal day (PD)-1, showed a significant reduction in thymic cellularity on gd-17 only. Additionally, DES treatment significantly altered the proportion and absolute number of T-cell subsets, particularly on gd-17. Apoptosis was increased in DES-treated thymocytes when compared to the controls and was seen only on gd-17. Moreover, DES-treated gd-17 thymocytes had increased Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVDase) activity. Microarray analysis of 96 apoptotic genes in gd-17 thymocytes revealed that exposure to DES increased the expression of several apoptotic genes primarily belonging to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNFR) family. Taken together, these results suggest that DES-induced thymic atrophy following perinatal exposure may result, at least in part, from increased apoptosis mediated by death receptor pathway involving TNF family members.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Hybrid-Energy Technology for Power and Industrial Heat with Near-Zero or Negative CO<sub>2 </sub>Emissions (2021)

Major contributors to global CO2 emissions include electricity (27%) and industry (23%), such as cement manufacturing (8%). Using post-combustion technology to reduce CO2 emissions by 85-90% could increase the cost of generating electricity with fossil fuel by 40-70%, while increasing cement-manufacturing cost by 75-140%. Both sectors are under pressure to reduce CO2 emissions and are seeking cost-effective, energy-efficient solutions to decarbonizing energy.
Use of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test to IdentifyPlasmodium knowlesiInfection (2008)

Reports of human infection with Plasmodium knowlesi, a monkey malaria, suggest that it and other nonhuman malaria species may be an emerging health problem. We report the use of a rapid test to supplement microscopic analysis in distinguishing the 5 malaria species that infect humans.
Increased reaction time predicts visual learning deficits in Parkinson's disease (2010)

To determine whether the process involved in movement preparation of patients in the early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) shares attentional resources with visual learning, we tested 23 patients with PD and 13 healthy controls with two different tasks. The first was a motor task where subjects were required to move as soon as possible to randomly presented targets by minimizing reaction time. The second was a visual learning task where targets were presented in a preset order and subjects were asked to learn the sequence order by attending to the display without moving. Patients with PD showed higher reaction and movement times, while visual learning was reduced compared with controls. For patients with PD, reaction times, but not movement times, displayed an inverse significant correlation with the scores of visual learning. We conclude that visual declarative learning and movement preparation might share similar attentional and working memory resources. (c) 2010 Movement Disorder Society.
Ag/a-Si:H/c-Si resistive switching nonvolatile memory devices (2006)

Nanoscale Ag/a-Si:H/c-Si based resistive switching nonvolatile memory devices have been fabricated and examined with active areas down to 50*50 nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Close to 100% device yield was achieved without high voltage forming. The on/off resistance ratio increases as the device size is reduced, while the on-state resistance is insensitive to the device size down the smallest scales. This nanoscale resistive switching structure offers the potential as ultra-high density crossbar non-volatile memory devices. In the on-state, a rectifying I-V behavior was observed, a property desirable for large scale integration.
P1314 A singular explanation of stroke in young adults (2020)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Although primary cardiac tumors are rare, papillary fibroelastoma (PFE) is the most common benign neoplasm of cardiac valvular structures. Because patients are often asymptomatic the true prevalence is unknown, being most commonly recognized given the evolution of higher-resolution imaging technology. The clinical presentation of PFEs can diverge between being asymptomatic to symptomatic based on the serious complications that can occur, such as acute valve dysfunction or embolization, giving rise to a wide variety of presenting features including neurologic events, acute coronary syndrome, and distal embolic events. The location on the mitral valve does not occur frequently, with rare cases reported in the literature. Here, we present an unusual case of a 32-year-old male with an acute stroke secondary to a PFE in the mitral valve. CASE REPORT DESCRIPTION A 32-year-old male patient with a history of crohn"s disease was admitted to our emergency department with a transient sudden-onset aphasia associated with a right hemiparesis. At admission, these symptoms had completely resolved. On further questioning, the patient described another episode of transient right hemiparesis in the last year. On physical examination, the patient"s vital signs were stable. The patient was awake, alert, and oriented with full Glasgow Coma Scale. There was no focal neurological deficit on neurological examination and his cardiovascular examination was normal with no murmurs, added sounds or carotid bruit. A cranial CT showed no signs of acute intracranial disease. Head MRI showed multiple areas of restricted diffusion in the left frontal lobe consistent with acute stroke. As part of the workup to determine the cause of his embolic stroke, a transthoracic echocardiogram and transoesophageal echocardiography were performed, showing a spherical and highly mobilemass attached on the downstream side of the anterior mitral valve leaflet of approximately 1.1 cm in diameter, suggesting the diagnosis of PFE. A bubble study was negative which out ruled patent foramen ovale. After completing the rest of the workup, it was determined that PFE was likely the cause of his stroke. Cardiothoracic surgery was consulted and the patient underwent surgical resection. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of PFE. After 5 years the patient remains asymptomatic, without new embolic events. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We present a special case that illustrates the importance of diagnosing primary cardiac tumours in a young patient presenting with acute stroke with minimal or no risk factors.Although primary cardiac tumours are rare, diagnosis and treatment at an early stage may prevent serious complications and reduce the morbidity and mortality of embolic stroke.
Much lower prevalence and severity of osteoporotic vertebral facture in elderly Chinese women than in age-matched Italian women: a radiographic comparison study. (2021)

Introduction: Many studies reported that East Asian's prevalence of radiographic OVF is similar to that of Caucasian. Since elderly Chinese's osteoporotic hip fracture prevalence is half (or less than half) of that of their age-match Caucasians, we hypothesize that elderly Chinese's OVF prevalence could be only half, or even less than half, of that of their agematch Caucasians.Materials: Age-matched elderly women's radiographs (T4-L5) were from two OVF population-based epidemiological studies conducted in Hong Kong (n=200) and in Rome (n=200). The study subjects had a mean age of 74.1 yrs (range: 65-87 yrs). All radiographs were double read by one reader in Hong Kong and one reader in Rome. Radiological osteoporotic vertebral deformity (ROVD) classification included no ROVD (grade 0), and ROVDs with <20%, 20~25%, ≥25%~1/3, ≥1/3~40%, ≥40%~2/3, and ≥2/3 height loss (grade 1~6). Spinal deformity index (SDI) was calculated with each vertebra assigned a score of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 for no ROVD or ROVDs grade 1~6.Results: 77 (38.5%) Chinese subjects and 123 Italian subjects (61.5%) had ROVD respectively (p<0.0001). ROVDs in Italian subjects tended to be more severe (total and mean SDI: 454.5 and 3.71 for Italian, and 212 and 2.72 for Chinese, p<0.05), more likely to be multiple (p<0.001), more likely to have severe and collapsed grades (p<0.001). The slope of the relationship between age vs. SDI was steeper for the Italian subjects than for the Chinese subjects, suggesting aging Italian subjects developed faster for the prevalence of ROVD and their severity. A trend suggested earlier onset of ROVD among Italian.Conclusion: Compared with elderly Italian women, elderly Chinese women have much lower prevalence of OVF. OVF in Chinese women tend to be less severe and less likely to have multiple fractures and less likely to collapse.
Fault Diagnostics of Wind Turbine Drive-Train using Multivariate Signal Processing (2019)

The vibration measured from wind turbine drivetrain components is a mixture of multiple frequency modes. In practice, in wind turbine drivetrain condition monitoring systems, multiple accelerometer sensors are used to measure the vibration. Inter-channel common modes are not processed in the standard single-channel empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and it suffers from mode mixing and mode misalignment. Inter-channel correlation implies the causation of vibration mode shapes. Multivariate EMD (MEMD) possesses an enhanced spatial and spectral coherence. The mode alignment property of MEMD is used to process the inter-channel common modes, thus MEMD overcomes the limitation of mode misalignment in single-channel EMD. Still, MEMD exhibits a degree of mode mixing. White noise powers are added in separate channels to lessen the mode mixing. In this research, a novel multivariate signal processing technique, noise-assisted multivariate empirical mode signal decomposition (NA-MEMD) with a competent nonlinear Teager-Kaiser energy operator (NLTKEO), is proposed and tested for truthful extraction of instantaneous frequency and instantaneous amplitude features, and thereby ensures superior fault diagnosis performance. The dyadic filter bank structure of the proposed NA-MEMD decomposes the nonstationary vibrations effectively. The proposed method is used to predict the surface damage pattern embedded in multi-source vibrations at a low-speed planetary gear stage. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is tested with NREL GRC wind turbine condition monitoring benchmark datasets.
Propolis immunomodulatory action in vivo on Toll‐like receptors 2 and 4 expression and on pro‐inflammatory cytokines production in mice (2009)

Propolis is a bee product and its immunomodulatory action has been the subject of intense investigation lately. The recent discovery and characterization of the family of Toll-like receptors (TLR) have triggered a great deal of interest in the field of innate immunity due to their crucial role in microbial recognition and development of the adaptive immune response. This work aimed to evaluate propolis's effect on TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression and on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta and IL-6). Male BALB/c mice were treated with propolis (200 mg/kg) for three consecutive days, and TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression as well as IL-1beta and IL-6 production were assessed in peritoneal macrophages and spleen cells. Basal IL-1beta production and TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression were increased in peritoneal macrophages of propolis-treated mice. TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression and IL-1beta and IL-6 production were also upregulated in the spleen cells of propolis-treated mice. One may conclude that propolis activated the initial steps of the immune response by upregulating TLRs expression and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice, modulating the mechanisms of the innate immunity.
Oil production to expect from known technology. [Tertiary recovery] (1973)

Application of known technology to already discovered oil reservoirs, in the form of tertiary recovery schemes could recover up to 55 billion bbl of additional oil. Delays in applying tertiary methods could mean abandonment of wells, thus irrevocable loss of oil production. The added cost of above well-operating expense, for tertiary oil ranges from $0.75 to $1.50/bbl in ideal applications. During pioneer applications, there will be a higher than normal number of marginal performers and failures. Tertiary recovery can have uniquely desirable features: (1) using already made investments; (2) adding no new situations to environmental concerns; and (3) providing a supply within the U.S. borders. The most promising tertiary methods are the miscible and thermal types. The technology is available to conduct tertiary recovery operations. API's Fundamental Research Program has made important contributions. Future breakthroughs will be economical more than technological.
The fullerenes: powerful carbon-based electron acceptors (1993)

Abstract The gaseous, solution and solid state experimental evidence for electron addition to the fullerenes is reviewed and it is shown that this class of molecules function as powerful electron acceptors. The topological character of C60 as described by Hückel molecular orbital theory suggests that the molecule will undergo facile reduction, but comparisons with planar conjugated hydrocarbons show that this feature alone cannot account for the very low half-wave reduction potential of C60. Because of the curvature of the surface, fullerene hybridization falls between graphite (sp2) and diamond (sp3) and these new carbon allotropes are therefore of intermediate, and perhaps variable hybridization. According to POAV1 theory the carbon atoms in C60 are of sp2.28 hybridization. It is concluded that rehybridization plays an important role in determining the electronic structure of the fullerenes and it is the combination of topology and rehybridization that together account for the extraordinary ability of C60 to accept electrons.