gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drainage Techniques for the Peritoneal Space (2020)

Septic peritonitis and chemical peritonitis are the two most common conditions that are treated with some form of drainage. The main goal of the drainage is to decrease the bacterial load and/or to reduce the amount of chemical present in the pleural space. Drainage of the peritoneal cavity can be achieved with either a closed suction drain, a negative pressure drainage system, or an open abdomen. Drains can be placed percutaneously with a local block or surgically during a laparotomy. This chapter provides information on various techniques such as percutaneous placement of an abdominal drain, surgical placement of a closed suction drain, open abdomen, and vacuum-assisted drainage of the abdominal cavity. Hypovolemia, hypotension, arrhythmias, and disseminated intravascular coagulation are the common complications related to abdominal drainage and peritonitis. Monitoring intra-abdominal pressure is possible with a urinary catheter and a water manometer.
Microrheology using Low Coherence Dynamic Light Scattering (2005)

Methods and systems for using dynamic light scattering, for investigating local rheological responses of complex fluids over a frequency range larger than that provided by standard instrumentation. A low-coherence radiation source is used with fiber optics to allow measurements of small volume spacing of up to approximately 1/10 of a picoliter. The methods and systems are based on dynamic light scattering, for investigating the local rheological response of a complex fluid over a frequency range larger than that provided by standard mechanical instrumentation. The low-coherence radiation used in a fiber optics configuration allows the measurements to be confined to a small volume around a tenth of a picoliter. The ability of the method to accurately measure both loss and storage moduli has been tested using both simple Newtonian liquids and viscoelastic, complex fluids. Monitoring liquid-gel transitions in polymer solutions has also been demonstrated. The unique capability of the techn
Manganese(I)‐Catalyzed C–H Aminocarbonylation of Heteroarenes (2015)

A versatile manganese(I) catalyst was employed in C-H aminocarbonylation reactions of heteroarenes with aryl as well as with alkyl isocyanates using a removable directing group approach. Detailed experimental mechanistic studies were suggestive of an organometallic C-H manganesation step, followed by a rate-determining migratory insertion.
A graphical user interface for tele-operated robotic sample acquisition (2012)

This paper presents a graphical user interface (GUI), which has been developed for tele-operation of a robotic arm for sample retrieval and collection. Combinations of control functions have been defined and implemented to alleviate the operator's efforts in robotic arm manipulation. Also, a series of pop-up style dialogue boxes have been proposed to accept the operators' inputs for selected functions. Furthermore, an emergency halt function is provided to allow the operators to terminate the robotic arm's operation in the event of an unexpected situation. The developed GUI is also capable of task planning in offline mode. An intelligent server/client architecture has been implemented to enable efficient tele-operated control of the robotic arm. The presented interface can also be used with multiple systems with minimal changes. To verify the effectiveness of the developed GUI, experiments have been conducted using a robotic arm comprised of three rotary joints.
Real‐time optical character recognition on field programmable gate array for automatic number plate recognition system (2013)

The last main stage in an automatic number plate recognition system (ANPRs) is optical character recognition (OCR), where the number plate characters on the number plate image are converted into encoded texts. In this study, an artificial neural network‐based OCR algorithm for ANPR application and its efficient architecture are presented. The proposed architecture has been successfully implemented and tested using the Mentor Graphics RC240 field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) development board equipped with a 4M Gates Xilinx Virtex‐4 LX40. A database of 3570 UK binary character images have been used for testing the performance of the proposed architecture. Results achieved have shown that the proposed architecture can meet the real‐time requirement of an ANPR system and can process a character image in 0.7 ms with 97.3% successful character recognition rate and consumes only 23% of the available area in the used FPGA.
Cluster-Based Spectrum Management Using Cognitive Radios in Wireless Mesh Network (2009)

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged recently to extend Internet access and other networking services. WMNs routers provide network access to the clients and other networking functions such as routing, and packet forwarding. Bandwidth scarcity is the main challenge that limits the performance of WMNs. Although considerable research has been conducted on spectrum allocation, spectrum management is still considered an important open problem. This problem can be solved using cognitive radio technology that allows radios to intelligently locate free frequencies and use them efficiently. In this work, we propose a new spectrum management scheme that supports local and global management for a wireless network. Our scheme is based on clusters where the coordinator for each cluster manages spectrum information by keeping the required information at cluster level and for the whole network. Our scheme provides robust operation against any cluster head failure, as well as clients mobility.
Characteristics of a pair of small field-of-view LSO scintillation cameras (1996)

The authors created two miniature scintillation cameras by coupling identical, thin LSO crystals to position sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PSPMTs). The performance of these cameras was established in both single photon and coincidence imaging modes and in relation to similar gamma cameras equipped with NaI(Tl) crystals. The intrinsic spatial resolution of the LSO cameras was 2.3 mm at 140 keV and 1.2 mm at 511 keV. The coincidence time resolution was 3 ns with an energy resolution of 16.5% at 511 keV. With no sources present, an intrinsic event rate of 300/sec/cm/sup 3/ of LSO from /sup 176/Lu was observed. Although this background count rate may be a limitation in some applications, LSO PSPMT scintillation cameras offer several important performance advantages over similar NaI(Tl) and BGO cameras that include improved count rate performance, coincidence timing, stopping power relative to NaI, and energy resolution relative to BGO.
Bactrop: creation of a platform for physical mapping of tropical species (2002)

BAC libraries are essential tools for assisting crop genome analysis. Various projects conducted at Cirad are resting on libraries made available by the Clemson University Genomics Institute. Given the rapid extension of genomics projects on tropical crops, we have begun the creation of novel BAC library resources for a number of tropical species. Our efforts are now focused on the construction of a banana (Musa acuminata) BAC library with Embrapa and Inibap. This will represent the starting point for molecular cytogenetic analyses aimed at identifying and localising translocation breakpoints and integration pattern of the banana streak virus. It will also assist projects aimed at understanding the inheritance of desirable traits for more efficient banana breeding. Furthermore, preliminary feasibility tests for the construction of BAC libraries are being carried out in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), cacao (Theobroma cacao) and oil palm (Elais guineensis).
Potential Utility of Rituximab for Graves' Orbitopathy (2013)

Although evidence from controlled trials is needed before proposing RTX as a novel therapeutic tool in this disease, collected data suggest that RTX does significantly affect the activity and severity of GO. Controlled studies will also help decide whether RTX is to be used in any patients with active GO or only in those with otherwise unresponsive disease of a severe degree. The data reported on RTX therapy in GO suggest that B-cell depletion may be pursued shortly after diagnosis, and not only as a therapeutic option when standard immunosuppression has failed.
Composition and distribution of medically important phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the municipalities of Tierralta and Valencia (Córdoba, Colombia) (2017)

The spatial distribution shows that Lu. panamensis and Lu. gomezi are predominant and present in areas with high concentration of houses. This study provides basic information on new records of phlebotomines in the Department of Córdoba. The results suggest that greater vector-human contact occurs in the peridomiciliary environment and that a high number of Lutzomyia species associated with the transmission of leishmaniasis are present in Colombia.
Phosphatemic action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1975)

The action of a single intraperitoneal injection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) was investigated in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) vitamin D-deficient phosphate-depleted rats. After 14 h, plasma inorganic phosphorus (Pi) was significantly greater in animals receiving 1,25(OH)2D3 than in D-deficient controls, but urinary Pi excretion was very low in both groups and not significantly different in the rats given 1,25(OH)2D3. Clearance studies indicated that the D-deficient controls reabsorbed more than 99% of their filtered Pi. Avid Pi reabsorption continued even after the infusion of sufficient phosphate to raise the plasma and filtered Pi to approximately 3 times normal. Fractional calcium excretion (FECa) exceeded fractional sodium excretion (FENa) by severalfold, but FECa decreased strikingly during phosphate infusion. In animals that manifested a substantial elevation of plasma Pi after 1,25(OH)2D3, FECa was significantly less than in D-deficient controls. Therefore, the increase in plasma Pi following 1,25(OH)2D3 administration occurs independently of any effect on renal Pi reabsorption and may be responsible, at least in part, for the amelioration of hypercalciuria after 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment.
Osmium-191/iridium-191m radionuclide (2023)

A generator system to provide iridium-191m for clinical imaging applications comprises an activated carbon adsorbent loaded with a compound containing the parent nuclide, osmium-191. The generator, which has a shelf-life in excess of two weeks and does not require a scavenger column, can be eluted with physiologically compatible saline.
SIANN: Strain Identification by Alignment to Near Neighbors (2014)

Abstract Next-generation sequencing is increasingly being used to study samples composed of mixtures of organisms, such as in clinical applications where the presence of a pathogen at very low abundance may be highly important. We present an analytical method (SIANN: Strain Identification by Alignment to Near Neighbors) specifically designed to rapidly detect a set of target organisms in mixed samples that achieves a high degree of species- and strain-specificity by aligning short sequence reads to the genomes of near neighbor organisms, as well as that of the target. Empirical benchmarking alongside the current state-of-the-art methods shows an extremely high Positive Predictive Value, even at very low abundances of the target organism in a mixed sample. SIANN is available as an Illumina BaseSpace app, as well as through Signature Science, LLC. SIANN results are presented in a streamlined report designed to be comprehensible to the non-specialist user, providing a powerful tool for rapid species detection in a mixed sample. By focusing on a set of (customizable) target organisms and their near neighbors, SIANN can operate quickly and with low computational requirements while delivering highly accurate results.
Temperature-sensitive mutants identify crucial structural regions of simian virus 40 large T antigen (1989)

We have completed the cloning and sequencing of all known temperature-sensitive, amino acid substitution mutants of simian virus 40 large T antigen (tsA mutants). Surprisingly, many of the mutants isolated from distinct viral strains by different laboratories are identical. Thus, 17 independently isolated mutants represent only eight distinct genotypes. This remarkable clustering of tsA mutations in a few "hot spots" in the amino acid sequence of T antigen and the temperature-sensitive phenotypes of the mutations strongly suggest that these amino acids play crucial roles in organizing the structure of one or more functional domains. Most of the mutations are located in highly conserved regions of T antigen that correlate with DNA binding, protein-protein interactions, or ATP binding. With the exception of one mutant with a lesion in the putative ATP-binding region, all the mutants are temperature sensitive for DNA replication.
Human CCS gene: genomic organization and exclusion as a candidate for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (2002)

No causative mutations for the ALS have been detected in the CCS gene in 20 sporadic ALS patients analyzed, but an intragenic single nucleotide polymorphism has been identified.
Proposed New L5 Civil GPS Codes (2001)

ABSTRACT: Future generations of GPS space vehicles (SVs) will have three civil signals instead of the present single civil signal at the L1 frequency of 1575.42 MHz. These future-generation GPS SVs will have a second civil signal centered at the L2 frequency of 1227.6 MHz. The largest improvement in civil user performance, however, will be obtained via the third civil signal at the L5 frequency of 1176.45 MHz. This L5 signal is a new higher-performance civil signal having both a data-free component and a quadrature data modulated component. Both components are modulated with separate pseudorandom noise (PN) codes having a PN-chip clock rate of 10.23 Mcps and a period of 10230 chips or 1 ms. This paper describes the proposed new civil codes for the data-free and data channels and their multiple access properties, and presents block diagrams of possible SV modulators and user receivers.
Quasi-single shot axial-lateral parallel time domain optical coherence tomography with Hilbert transformation (2008)

We developed axial-lateral parallel time-domain optical coherence tomography (ALP TD-OCT) from a single interference image. A two-dimensional camera can produce a depth-resolved interference image using diffracted light as the reference beam and a linear illumination beam without any mechanical scan. An OCT image of biological tissues with sufficient sensitivity requires extraction of interference signals by subtracting the DC image, which contains the intensity of noninterference light and the electrical noise of the camera, from a single interference image and subsequent application of the Hilbert transformation for each axial direction. We measured 300 interference images of a moving human finger in vivo using an indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) camera (320 x 250 pixels) operating at 60 frames per second and then obtained OCT images with an imaging range of 5.0 x 1.7-mm(2) (lateral x axial) using a DC image based on averaged interference images. The system sensitivity was 90.5 dB with a 1.05-ms exposure. As the OCT image depends on the interference signals in a single interference image, the OCT signals were stable compared with OCT images based on the phase-shift method.
Physics-separating artificial neural networks for predicting initial stages of Al sputtering and thin film deposition in Ar plasma discharges (2022)

Simulations of Al thin film sputter depositions rely on accurate plasma and surface interaction models. Establishing the latter commonly requires a higher level of abstraction and means to dismiss the fundamental atomic fidelity. Previous works on sputtering processes addressed this issue by establishing machine learning surrogate models, which include a basic surface state (i.e., stoichiometry) as static input. In this work, an evolving surface state and defect structure are introduced to jointly describe sputtering and growth with physics-separating artificial neural networks. The data describing the plasma-surface interactions stem from hybrid reactive molecular dynamics/time-stamped force bias Monte Carlo simulations of Al neutrals and Ar$^+$ ions impinging onto Al(001) surfaces. It is demonstrated that the fundamental processes are comprehensively described by taking the surface state as well as defect structure into account. Hence, a machine learning plasma-surface interaction surrogate model is established that resolves the inherent kinetics with high physical fidelity. The resulting model is not restricted to input from modeling and simulation, but may similarly be applied to experimental input data.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategy for the Preparation of Allenes from α,β‐ Unsaturated and Saturated Ketones via Enol Phosphates. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nicotinamide riboside–amino acid conjugates that are stable to purine nucleoside phosphorylase (2020)

The nutraceutical Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), an efficacious biosynthetic precursor to NAD, is readily metabolized by the purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Access to the PNP-stable versions of NR is difficult because the glycosidic bond of NR is easily cleaved. Unlike NR, NRH, the reduced form of NR, offers sufficient chemical stability to allow the successful functionalisation of the ribosyl-moiety. Here, we report on a series of NRH and NR derived amino acid conjugates, generated in good to excellent yields and show that O5'-esterification prevents the PNP-catalyzed phosphorolysis of these NR prodrugs.
Automatically Parcellating the Human Cerebral Cortex (2003)

We present a technique for automatically assigning a neuroanatomical label to each location on a cortical surface model based on probabilistic information estimated from a manually labeled training set. This procedure incorporates both geometric information derived from the cortical model, and neuroanatomical convention, as found in the training set. The result is a complete labeling of cortical sulci and gyri. Examples are given from two different training sets generated using different neuroanatomical conventions, illustrating the flexibility of the algorithm. The technique is shown to be comparable in accuracy to manual labeling.
Optimizing declarative sensornets (2008)

This work extends the declarative sensornet programming model with automated program optimizations that attempt to minimize energy expenditure at various points in the communication stack.
Anti‐HMGB1 Monoclonal Antibody Ameliorates Immunosuppression after Peripheral Tissue Trauma: Attenuated T‐Lymphocyte Response and Increased Splenic CD11b+Gr‐1+ Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells Require HMGB1 (2015)

Although tissue-derived high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in many aspects of inflammation and tissue injury after trauma, its role in trauma-induced immune suppression remains elusive. Using an established mouse model of peripheral tissue trauma, which includes soft tissue and fracture components, we report here that treatment with anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody ameliorated the trauma-induced attenuated T-cell responses and accumulation of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the spleens seen two days after injury. Our data suggest that HMGB1 released after tissue trauma contributes to signaling pathways that lead to attenuation of T-lymphocyte responses and enhancement of myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion.
Mechanical shaking trials for citrus harvesting in Ventura County (1971)

Preliminary shaking tests in 1970 for citrus harvesting in Ventura County did not produce the desired percentage of fruit removal without damage to fruit or foliage. There was excessive damage to mature navel oranges during removal, and also damage to small green Valencia oranges, grapefruit, and lemons that would have matured into the next season's crop. However, separation of mature fruit from the stem was acceptable for all varieties. Further equipment modifications and abscission chemicals will be necessary to provide efficient harvesting of more mature, good quality fruit with less damage to the immature fruit that should remain on the tree. Research is continuing with growth regulators to find a successful abscission-producing material that would loosen the mature fruit…with minimum peel damage…as an aid to shake-harvesting. Successful commercial abscission trials using cycloheximide on oranges have recently been reported in Florida.
BIALLELIC INACTIVATION OF THE VON HIPPEL-LINDAU TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE IN SPORADIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (2002)

The frequency of biallelic inactivation of VHL in sporadic renal cell carcinomas was unexpectedly low. According to the 2-hit theory of tumor suppressor genes another hit in VHL that to our knowledge remains unknown to date is thought to be involved in the development of renal cell carcinoma.
Developing criteria for the evaluation of the ICT contribution to social and economic development (2013)

Practitioners in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for development have repeatedly relied on evaluations of past or present initiatives to advise and facilitate the design and implementation of other development initiatives. However, current quests for measures that demonstrate the developmental contribution of ICT call for new approaches to ICT4D evaluation. In response to this, the study presented in this paper provides a starting point in the development and evaluation of the appropriateness of a set of criteria â dimensions and indicators that can be applied to the appraisal of the ICT contribution to development. Development is defined as a multidimensional concept based on Senâs capability approach, particularly focusing on the outputs (opportunities) and outcomes (benefits) ICT can enable within a given context. Indicators are proposed for education and research, healthcare, economic opportunities and political freedom dimensions. Findings obtained through exploratory survey research show that the proposed indicators are appropriate for the evaluation of the contribution of ICT to social and economic development, especially in a developing country context. Additional indicators were also proposed for some of the dimensions. Participants further reiterated the need to combine both qualitative and quantitative indicators to supplement and balance each other in the appraisal of development initiatives. Subsequent studies will seek to devise means of how this can be addressed, as well as a process through which a combined analysis can be obtained. Such studies should seek to extensively evaluate the indicators as well as apply them for the evaluation of ICT4D initiatives.
Development of a microdilution method to evaluate Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility (2003)

A new rapid microdilution method, employing the dye resazurin as an indicator of mycobacterial growth, was developed to evaluate drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reference strain H37Rv and of 13 M. tuberculosis susceptible or multidrug-resistant clinical strains. Different growth conditions were evaluated. The MICs of isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol were determined by the Microdilution Resazurin Assay (MRA) and the results compared with those obtained by the agar proportion method; complete agreement was always obtained. MRA resulted in a rapid, reliable, simple and inexpensive coloured method suitable for testing the susceptibility of M. tuberculosis clinical strains to first-line drugs; its employment in evaluating new antibacterial molecules is also suggested.