gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surrogate Modeling for MUED with Neural Networks (2021)

Electron diffraction is among the most complex and influential inventions of the last century and contributes to research in many areas of physics and engineering. Not only does it aid in problems like materials and plasma research, electron diffraction systems like the MeV ultra-fast electron diffraction(MUED) instrument at the Brookhaven National Lab(BNL) also present opportunities to explore/implement surrogate modeling methods using artificial intelligence/machine learning/deep learning algorithms. Running the MUED system requires extended periods of uninterrupted runtime, skilled operators, and many varying parameters that depend on the desired output. These problems lend themselves to techniques based on neural networks(NNs), which are suited to modeling, system controls, and analysis of time-varying/multi-parameter systems. NNs can be deployed in model-based control areas and can be used simulate control designs, planned experiments, and to simulate employment of new components. Surrogate models based on NNs provide fast and accurate results, ideal for real-time control systems during continuous operation and may be used to identify irregular beam behavior as they develop.
A primer on experimental and computational rheology with fractional viscoelastic constitutive models (2017)

This work presents a brief introduction to fractional calculus and its application to some problems in rheology. We present two different viscoelastic models based on fractional derivatives (the Fractional Maxwell Model - FMM and the Fractional Viscoelastic Fluid - FVF) and discuss their reduction to the classical Newtonian and Maxwell fluids. A third model is also studied (an extension of the FMM to an invariant form), being given by a combination of the K-BKZ integral model with a fractional memory function which we denote the Fractional K-BKZ model. We discuss and illustrate the ability of these models to fit experimental data, and present numerical results for simple stress relaxation following step strain and steady shearing.
SparseRI: A Compressed Sensing Framework for Aperture Synthesis Imaging in Radio Astronomy (2010)

In radio interferometry, information about a small region of the sky is obtained in the form of samples in the Fourier transform domain of the desired image. Since this sampling is usually incomplete, the missing information has to be reconstructed using additional assumptions about the image. The emerging field of Compressed Sensing (CS) provides a promising new approach to this type of problem which is based on the supposed sparsity of natural images in some transform domain. We present a versatile CS-based image reconstruction framework called SparseRI, an interesting alternative to the clean algorithm, that permits a wide choice of different regularisers for interferometric image reconstruction. The performance of our method is evaluated on simulated data as well as on actual radio interferometry measurements from the VLA, showing that our algorithm is able to reproduce the main features of the test sources. The proposed method is a first step towards an alternative reconstruction approach that may be able to avoid typical artefacts like negative flux regions, work with large fields of view and non-coplanar baselines, avoid the gridding process, and reduce the amount of manual work that is required in order to obtain best-quality results.
Strangeness measurements with the PHOBOS experiment (2006)

Recent results on identified particle production from the PHOBOS experiment at the relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC) are summarized. Transverse momentum spectra of pions, kaons, protons and antiprotons from Au+Au collisions at s NN = 62.4 GeV are presented close to mid-rapidity. Baryons have been found to have substantially harder transverse momentum spectra than mesons. The p/π + ratio reaches unity at high p T , which fits into a smooth trend together with measurements at lower and higher collision energies. At very low transverse momenta no significant excess of particle yield was found, compared to extrapolations from higher p T . The net proton yield at mid-rapidity appears to be proportional to the number of participant nucleons in Au+Au collisions. The PHOBOS acceptance and mass resolution for the 0 meson at low p T were studied in detail.
Thermal atomic layer deposition and oxidation of TiN monitored by in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (2009)

Thin TiN films have many important applications in Integrated Circuit (IC) technology. In spite of its chemical inertness, it is reported that TiN can be oxidized when exposed to oxidants (O2, H2O, etc.). To avoid an undesired oxidation of the metal-nitride layers, a study on this process is necessary. In this work, we present our study on thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) of TiN films followed by their dry oxidation in oxygen ambient. For both processes, in-situ monitoring by spectroscopic ellipsometry is carried out.
Three-Drug Synergistic Inhibition of HIV-l Replication In Vitro by Zidovudine, Recombinant Soluble CD4, and Recombinant Interferon-alpha A (1990)

Optimal management of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections may require combinations of agents that attack different targets in the viral replicative cycle. Zidovudine (AZT), recombinant soluble CD4 (rsCD4), and recombinant interferon-alpha A (rIFN-alpha A) were evaluated in 2- and 3-drug regimens against HIV-1 replication in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a CD4+ T cell line (H9) were studied using multiple HIV-1 replicative end points. Drug interactions were evaluated by the median-effect principle and the isobologram technique. AZT, rsCD4, and rIFN-alpha A inhibited HIV-1 synergistically in 2- and 3-drug combinations. The 3-drug regimen provided more complete virus suppression than the 2-drug regimens. In H9 cells, single-drug regimens lost effectiveness at 10-14 days and 2-drug regimens lost effectiveness at 14-18 days. In contrast, the 3-drug regimen showed nearly complete suppression over 28 days in culture without toxicity. Clinical trials of these 3 drugs in combination should be considered.
Learning-Based Repetitive Precision Motion Control with Mismatch\n Compensation (2021)

Learning-based control methods utilize run-time data from the underlying\nprocess to improve the controller performance under model mismatch and\nunmodeled disturbances. This is beneficial for optimizing industrial processes,\nwhere the dynamics are difficult to model, and the repetitive nature of the\nprocess can be exploited. In this work, we develop an iterative approach for\nrepetitive precision motion control problems where the objective is to follow a\nreference geometry with minimal tracking error. Our method utilizes a nominal\nmodel of the process and learns the mismatch using Gaussian Process Regression\n(GPR). The control input and the GPR data are updated after each iteration to\nimprove the performance in a run-to-run fashion. We provide a preliminary\nconvergence analysis, implementation details of the proposed controller for\nminimizing different error types, and a case study where we demonstrate\nimproved tracking performance with simulation and experimental results.\n
Photoconductivity in Vacuum Coated Selenium Films* (1952)

Photoconductive layers which have a dark resistivity higher than 1012 ohm×cm, are of particular interest for electrophotography and television pick-up tubes. Selenium coatings prepared by vacuum evaporation are suited for these purposes. At base plate temperatures lower than 50°C, vitreous selenium is deposited which shows photoconductivity for wavelengths shorter than 600 millimicrons. At higher coating temperatures, many small hexagonal selenium crystals embedded in the vitreous matrix are introduced. Both the nucleation and velocity of crystal growth are investigated. A small percentage of crystalline selenium produces an additional red sensitivity, while high dark insulation qualities are preserved. The incident light causes positive holes from the hexagonal crystals to be injected into the vitreous selenium. A small addition of tellurium induces at low coating temperatures a shift of the photosensitivity towards longer wavelengths. At higher temperatures coatings with fairly panchromatic response can be produced.
Theoretical studies of substituent effects on the additions of amines to carbonyl compounds: a relation among energetics, structures, and isotope effects (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheoretical studies of substituent effects on the additions of amines to carbonyl compounds: a relation among energetics, structures, and isotope effectsHiroshi. Yamataka, Shigeru. Nagase, Takashi. Ando, and Terukiyo. HanafusaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 4, 601–606Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00264a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00264a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ruboxistaurin: PKC-β inhibition for complications of diabetes (2009)

Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of blindness among working-age adults, with a prevalence of 7 - 8% of adults in the USA, and is one of the most common causes of renal failure requiring kidney transplant and the most common cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputation in developed nations [1] . The role of the intracellular signaling enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) in the development of diabetic complications has become a field of intense research interest. An inhibitor of the PKC-beta isoform ruboxistaurin (RBX) has in vitro and in vivo benefits in ameliorating disturbances of cell regulation and blood flow related to hyperglycemia. The benefit of RBX for peripheral neuropathy has not been successfully demonstrated in Phase III trials. Although there was a beneficial effect of RBX on nephropathy in a pilot study, there has been no further clinical development for this indication. The major cause of visual disability - diabetic macular edema - seems to respond to RBX treatment with both anatomic and functional benefits. The manufacturer, Eli Lilly Co., has received an approvable letter from the FDA for the prevention of vision loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy with RBX, pending results of additional clinical trials for this indication.
Venous malformation: update on aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management (2010)

The aim of this review was to discuss the current knowledge on aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic management of venous malformations (VMs). VMs are slow-flow vascular anomalies. They are simple, sporadic or familial (cutaneomucosal VMs or glomuvenous malformations), combined (e.g. capillaro-venous and capillaro-lymphaticovenous malformations) or syndromic (Klippel-Trenaunay, blue rubber bleb naevus and Maffucci). Genetic studies have identified causes of familial forms and of 40% of sporadic VMs. Another diagnostic advancement is the identification of elevated D-dimer level as the first biomarker of VMs within vascular anomalies. Those associated with pain are often responsive to low-molecular-weight heparin, which should also be used to avoid disseminated intravascular coagulopathy secondary to intervention, especially if fibrinogen level is low. Finally, development of a modified sclerosing agent, ethylcellulose-ethanol, has improved therapy. It is efficient and safe, and widens indications for sclerotherapy to sensitive and dangerous areas such as hands, feet and periocular area.
TLQP‐21, a neuroendocrine VGF‐derived peptide, prevents cerebellar granule cells death induced by serum and potassium deprivation (2007)

Different VGF peptides derived from Vgf, originally identified as a nerve growth factor responsive gene, have been detected in neurons within the central and peripheral nervous system and in various endocrine cells. In the current study, we have evaluated the ability of TLQP-21, a VGF-derived peptide, to protect, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) from serum and potassium deprivation-induced cell death. We demonstrated that TLQP-21 increased survival of CGCs by decreasing the degree of apoptosis as assessed by cell viability and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, TLQP-21 significantly activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, serine/threonine protein kinase, and c-jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation, while decreased the extent of protein kinase C phosphorylation, as demonstrated by western blot analysis. In addition, TLQP-21 induced significant increase in intracellular calcium (as measured by fura-2AM) in about 60% of the recorded neurons. Taken together, the present results demonstrate that TLQP-21 promotes the survival of CGCs via pathways involving, within few minutes, modulation of kinases associated with CGCs survival, and by increasing intracellular calcium which can contribute to the neuroprotective effect of the peptide.
A New Sutureless Technique for Skin Closure (1976)

A sutureless wound-closure device was used in 150 patients. The average time spent to effect skin closure was reduced; removal was easy; skin apposition was satisfactory; and patient response was favorable. Sutureless tape closures eliminate the disadvantages of invasive skin closures. The device described provides secure tape adhesion to the skin and does not cover the wound. It can be easily applied, adjusted, and removed, in addition to serving as a protective splint to the healing wound. This method can reduce operative time of skin closure with highly satisfactory cosmetic results.
Enhanced Feammox activity and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) degradation by Acidimicrobium sp. Strain A6 using PAA-coated ferrihydrite as an electron acceptor (2023)

Acidimicrobium sp. Strain A6 (A6) can degrade perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) by oxidizing NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> while reducing Fe(Ⅲ). However, supplying and distributing Fe(III) phases in sediments is challenging since surface charges of Fe(III)-phases are typically positive while those of sediments are negative. Therefore, ferrihydrite particles were coated with polyacrylic acid (PAA) with four different molecular weights, resulting in a negative zeta potential on their surface. Zeta potential was determined as a function of pH and PAA loading, with the lowest value observed when the PAA/ferrihydrite ratio was > 1/5 (w/w) at a pH of 5.5. Several 50-day incubations with an A6-enrichment culture were conducted to determine the effect of PAA-coated ferrihydrite as the electron acceptor of A6 on the Feammox activity and PFOA degradation. NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> oxidation, PFOA degradation, production of shorter-chain PFAS, and F<sup>-</sup> were observed in all PAA-coated samples. The 6 K and 450 K treatments exhibited significant reductions in PFOA concentration and substantial F<sup>-</sup> production compared to incubations with bare ferrihydrite. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed lowered charge transfer resistance in the presence of PAA-coated ferrihydrite, indicating that PAAs facilitated electron transfer to ferrihydrite. This study highlights the potential of PAA-coated ferrihydrite in accelerating PFAS defluorination, providing novel insights for A6-based bioremediation strategies.
The SVD Beamformer: Physical Principles and Application to Ultrafast Adaptive Ultrasound (2020)

A shift of paradigm is currently underway in biomedical ultrasound thanks to plane or diverging waves coherent compounding for faster imaging. One remaining challenge consists in handling phase and amplitude aberrations induced during the ultrasonic propagation through complex layers. Unlike conventional line-per-line imaging, ultrafast ultrasound provides backscattering information from the whole imaged area for each transmission. Here, we take benefit from this feature and propose an efficient approach to perform fast aberration correction. Our method is based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of an ultrafast compound matrix containing backscattered data for several plane wave transmissions. First, we explain the physical signification of SVD and associated singular vectors within the ultrafast matrix formalism. We theoretically demonstrate that the separation of spatial and angular variables, rendered by SVD on ultrafast data, provides an elegant and straightforward way to optimize the angular coherence of backscattered data. In heterogeneous media, we demonstrate that the first spatial and angular singular vectors retrieve respectively the non-aberrated image of a region of interest, and the phase and amplitude of its aberration law. Numerical, in vitro and in vivo results prove the efficiency of the image correction, but also the accuracy of the aberrator determination. Based on spatial and angular coherence, we introduce a complete methodology for adaptive beamforming of ultrafast data, performed on successive isoplanatism patches undergoing SVD beamforming. The simplicity of this method paves the way to real-time adaptive ultrafast ultrasound imaging and provides a theoretical framework for future quantitative ultrasound applications.
Expression of decoy receptor 3 in kidneys is associated with allograft survival after kidney transplant rejection (2015)

Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) expression in kidneys has been shown to predict progression of chronic kidney disease. We prospectively investigated a cohort comprising 96 renal transplant recipients (RTRs) undergoing graft kidney biopsies. Computer-assisted quantitative immunohistochemical staining value of DcR3 in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) was used to determine the predictive role of DcR3 in kidney disease progression. The primary end point was doubling of serum creatinine and/or graft failure. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the risk of DcR3 expression in rejected kidney grafts toward the renal end point. In total, RTRs with kidney allograft rejection were evaluated and the median follow-up was 30.9 months. The greater expression of DcR3 immunoreactivity in RTECs was correlated with a higher rate of the histopathological concordance of acute T cell-mediated rejection. Compared with 65 non-progressors, 31 progressors had higher DcR3 expression (HDE) regardless of the traditional risk factors. Cox regression analysis showed HDE was significantly associated with the risk of renal end point with a hazard ratio of 3.19 (95% confidence interval, 1.40 to 7.27; P = 0.006) after adjusting for other variables. In repetitive biopsies, HDE in tissue showed rapid kidney disease progression due to persistent inflammation.
Low-temperature generation of strong basicity via an unprecedented guest–host redox interaction (2013)

An unprecedented guest-host redox strategy is developed to generate strong basicity on mesoporous silica, which breaks the tradition of thermally induced decomposition of precursors. New materials possessing ordered mesostructure, strong basicity, and excellent catalytic activity are thus successfully fabricated at a low temperature.
Phase II Trial of Cetuximab, Gemcitabine, and Oxaliplatin Followed by Chemoradiation With Cetuximab for Locally Advanced (T4) Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Correlation of Smad4(Dpc4) Immunostaining With Pattern of Disease Progression (2011)

This regimen appears effective and has acceptable toxicity. The primary end point (1-year overall survival rate > 45%) was met, with encouraging survival duration. Smad4(Dpc4) immunostaining correlated with the pattern of disease progression. Prospective validation of Smad4(Dpc4) expression in cytology specimens as a predictive biomarker is warranted and may lead to personalized treatment strategies for patients with localized pancreatic cancer.
Metabolism of Flutolanil in Rice Plant and Cucumber (1983)

水面施用した [aniline 環-14C] flutolanil はイネによく吸収され, 27日後に葉身中の放射能は最高濃度 (93.7ppm 14C-flutolanil 相当) に達した. その後, 緩やかに減少し, 81日後では83.0ppm相当となった. 玄米中への移行はわずか (0.5ppm相当) であった. イネにおける代謝は比較的速く, 9日目以降の葉身中放射能は大半が抽出性あるいは結合性の代謝物に帰属できた. イネからは, 4′-hydroxy-3′-isopropoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzanilide (2), 3′-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzanilide (3), 3′-hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-benzanilide (4), 4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzanilide (6), 3′-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-benzanilide (7) および2, 3, 4, 6の抱合体が得られた. キュウリの葉面に塗布した 14C-flutolanil は13日後でも70%以上が表面から回収された. しかし, わずかながらイネと同じ代謝物が検出できた.
Prognostic Factors and Treatment Decisions in Axillary-Node-Negative Breast Cancer (1992)

Approximately 186,000 new cases of breast cancer will occur in the United States in 1992, and about two thirds of these cases will not involve axillary nodes. This means that each month decisions about adjuvant therapy will be made for more than 10,000 patients with node-negative breast cancer.Why not simply treat all patients with node-negative breast cancer with additional systemic therapy?1 , 2 One should not, for the following reasons. First, approximately 70 percent of such patients are cured without any adjuvant therapy. Thus, a large number of women without disease would be subjected to the toxic effects of this therapy . . .
Activation of ERBB4 in glioblastoma can contribute to increased tumorigenicity and influence therapeutic response (2018)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is often resistant to conventional and targeted therapeutics. ERBB4 is expressed throughout normal brain and is an oncogene in several pediatric brain cancers; therefore, we investigated ERBB4 as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in GBM. Using RT-qPCR, we quantified mRNA encoding total ERBB4 and known ERBB4 variants in GBM and non-neoplastic normal brain (NNB) samples. Using immunohistochemistry, we characterized the localization of total and phosphorylated ERBB4 (p-ERBB4) and EGFR protein in archived GBM samples and assessed their association with patient survival. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of ERBB4 phosphorylation on angiogenesis and tumorigenicity in GBM xenograft models. Total ERBB4 mRNA was significantly lower in GBM than NNB samples, with the JM-a and CYT-2 variants predominating. ERBB4 protein was ubiquitously expressed in GBM but was not associated with patient survival. However, high p-ERBB4 in 11% of archived GBM samples, independent of p-EGFR, was associated with shorter patient survival (12.0±3.2 months) than was no p-ERBB4 (22.5±9.5 months). Increased ERBB4 activation was also associated with increased proliferation, angiogenesis, tumorigenicity and reduced sensitivity to anti-EGFR treatment in xenograft models. Despite low ERBB4 mRNA in GBM, the functional effects of increased ERBB4 activation identify ERBB4 as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target.