gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CELL STRUCTURE IN TREE RINGS: NOVEL METHODS FOR PREPARATION AND IMAGE ANALYSIS OF LARGE CROSS SECTIONS (2000)

A new method for the preparation of wood samples for high-resolution reflected-light microscopy in combination with a species-specific image analysis system is introduced. The method is based on an ultraprecise single-point diamond flycutter equipped with air bearings and functions on the basis of a rotating diamond edge. Extensive and very smooth surfaces can be produced on increment cores as well as entire cross sections. Hence, this technique provides the prerequisites for a continuous microscopic analysis across large tree-ring sequences, or entire cross sections. Patching or sub-sectioning is not required. The high-resolution analysis of cell structures of spruce and oak presented here introduces new approaches for describing and predicting reactions of diameter growth to various environmental events.
Impact of Silicone Hydrogel Lenses and Solutions on Corneal Epithelial Permeability (2013)

Daily wear of highly oxygen-permeable SH lenses increases corneal epithelial permeability to fluorescein probably because of increased mechanical effects. In addition, certain lens-solution interactions can add to this effect, as seen in this study. Despite having a low amount of central corneal staining in the Renu Fresh group, staining and EBF did not prove to be well correlated. The presence of central corneal staining is a confounding factor when measuring EBF.
Experimental results of synchrophasing two axial fans in a duct (2004)

A Japanese patent filed in the late 1970’s described a method to reduce the blade passage tonal noise of fans by changing the relative angle between two sets of fan blades. The work presented here is an experimental investigation of this method. The experiment involved synchrophasing two axial fans in a duct to reduce the radiated blade passage tonal noise. The experimental results showed that the sound pressure level at the blade passage frequency can be reduced by 10dB at the error microphone and in the free field by adjusting the relative angle between the two fans. It is also possible to reduce the sound pressure level of the harmonics of the blade passage frequency, however these do not necessarily occur at the same relative fan angle as the fundamental blade passage frequency.
Bond Dissociation Enthalpies of Polyphenols:  The Importance of Cooperative Effects (2002)

The hydrogen-oxygen bond dissociation energies of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol, 2,5-di-tert-pentylhydroquinone, propyl gallate, and octyl gallate, which represent model compounds of three important classes of naturally occurring antioxidants, have been measured by an EPR equilibration technique, and the factors determining their values have been clarified. The excellent antioxidant activity of the these polyphenols is largely due to the stabilization of the aroxyl radical due to the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond.
Rapid Enrichment of CHAPS-Solubilized UDP-Glucose: (1,3)-β-Glucan (Callose) Synthase from Beta vulgaris L. by Product Entrapment (1991)

Rapid enrichment of CHAPS-solubilized UDP-glucose:(1,3)-beta-glucan (callose) synthase from storage tissue of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is obtained when the preparation is incubated with an enzyme assay mixture, then centrifuged and the enzyme released from the callose pellet with a buffer containing EDTA and CHAPS (20-fold purification relative to microsomes). When centrifuged at high speed (80,000g), the enzyme can also be pelleted in the absence of substrate (UDP-Glc) or synthesis of callose, due to nonspecific aggregation of proteins caused by excess cations and insufficient detergent in the assay buffer. True time-dependent and substrate-dependent product-entrapment of callose synthase is obtained by low-speed centrifugation (7,000-11,000g) of enzyme incubated in reaction mixtures containing low levels of cations (0.5 millimolar Mg(2+), 1 millimolar Ca(2+)) and sufficient detergent (0.02% digitonin, 0.12% CHAPS), together with cellobiose, buffer, and UDP-Glc. Entrapment conditions, therefore, are a compromise between preventing nonspecific precipitation of proteins and permitting sufficient enzyme activity for callose synthesis. Further enrichment of the enzyme released from the callose pellet was not obtained by rate-zonal glycerol gradient centrifugation, although its sedimentation rate was greatly enhanced by inclusion of divalent cations in the gradient. Preparations were markedly cleaner when product-entrapment was conducted on enzyme solubilized from plasma membranes isolated by aqueous two-phase partitioning rather than by gradient centrifugation. Product-entrapped preparations consistently contained polypeptides or groups of closely-migrating polypeptides at molecular masses of 92, 83, 70, 57, 43, 35, 31/29, and 27 kilodaltons. This polypeptide profile is in accordance with the findings of other callose synthase enrichment studies using a variety of tissue sources, and is consistent with the existence of a multi-subunit enzyme complex.
The Unique Fiber Anatomy of Middle Temporal Gyrus Default Mode Connectivity (2021)

We elucidate the underlying fiber-bundle anatomy of the MTG, an area highly involved in the brain's language network. Improved understanding of the unique, underlying white matter connections in and around this area may augment our overall understanding of language processing as well as the involvement of higher order cerebral networks like the default mode network in these functions.
Computational Neuromechanics: Programming Work in Biological Systems *AND* RHex: The CNM Hexapod (2004)

Abstract : Most legged animals whose running has been studied exhibit mass center trajectories closely resembling those of a pogo-stick. Over the course of our five year DARPA/ONR/SPAWAR sponsored project in Computational Neuromechanics and its application to robotics, we have begun to answer the questions, how, why, and when, in a mathematically rigorous and biologically testable manner. Addressing these simple questions has simultaneously helped advance animal motion science as well as accelerated progress in the design and control of useful legged robots.
Diurnal Changes in the Pharmacokinetic Behavior of Amikacin (2000)

This retrospective study evaluated possible differences in the pharmacokinetic behavior of amikacin between the morning (AM) and evening (PM). Of 634 patients receiving amikacin therapy, 17 received a dose every 12 hours (an i.v. infusion at 8:00 AM and 8:00 PM) with amikacin serum levels obtained after both the AM and PM infusions. Pharmacokinetic parameter values were estimated by the nonparametric EM algorithm (USC*PACK clinical software) for a one-compartment model. All patient data were analyzed in three ways. The parameter values were estimated by fitting the model first only to the serum levels drawn following the AM dose; second, only to the data following the PM dose; and third, to all serum levels (AM + PM). Parameter values found were (mean, median, SD respectively): AM: Kel = 0.181114 h(-1), 0.224460 h(-1), 0.058820 h(-1); Vol = 23.657507 L; 23.376231 L; 1.353253 L; Cl = 4.326720 L x h(-1), 5.303726 L x h(-1), 1.447731 L x h(-1); PM: Kel = 0.110151 h(-1); 0.121295 h(-1); 0.016860 h(-1); Vol = 28.948043 L; 24.091703 L; 9.266628 L; Cl = 3.081761 L x h(-1), 2.810615 L x h(-1); 0.705874 L x h(-1); AM + PM: Kel = 0.165321 h(-1); 0.131796 h(-1); 0.075425 h(-1); Vol = 25.479043 L; 26.187970 L; 5.367054 L. These findings are in agreement with the known diurnal rhythm of glomerular filtration rate. Because pharmacokinetic parameter values are most often estimated using AM data, this may lead to an overevaluation of these values compared with PM or to values for the entire day. The resulting drug regimens may therefore be overestimated regarding the elimination rate constant and underestimated regarding the volume of distribution.
Glycosidase Activities of Three Enological Yeast Strains During Winemaking: Effect on the Terpenol Content of Muscat Wine (1994)

β-glucosidase, α-arabinosidase and α-rhamnosidase activities of three enological yeast strains (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) were monitored during fermentation of a Muscat of Frontignan grape juice. The enzyme activities, measured in the juice and the yeast biomass, reached their maximum during exponential growth of the yeast population, then dropped quickly. Changes in glycosidase activities were similar in all three yeast strains. β-glucosidase was the most abundant glycosidase and showed a poor stability at wine pH. The wines obtained from the different yeast strains contained similar levels of terpenols, and no significant differences were found in sensory analysis.
GLASS LASER DAMAGE RESEARCH (1967)

Abstract : The report covers an experimental investigation into the damage of glass by high intensity, 1.06 micron wavelength light pulses of millisecond duration. Damage due to optical absorption by impurities is demonstrated by ease of damage, above some intrinsic level, proportional to the measured optical absorption. An additional source of damage is optical absorption at 1.06 micron from the excited (fluorescing) state of the neodymium ion. Evidence for this mechanism is presented, and an approximate value of the excited state absorption cross section determined. The nonradiative decay (heating) back to the initial excited state is assumed to be the source of damage, and this appears reasonable from other data. Studies of opto-acoustic coupling are presented and their connection with stimulated Brillouin scattering denoted. Measured coupling constants for different glasses, which are shown to be devoid of impurity optical absorption effects are presented. Stimulated Brillouin scattering as a cause of damage suggests correlation between these opto acoustic coupling constants and damage thresholds. Initial qualitative agreement between the two is encouraging enough to warrant further investigation of this technique as a way of predicting damage thresholds.
Scaling the Vertical Tunnel FET With Tunnel Bandgap Modulation and Gate Workfunction Engineering (2005)

In this paper, we look into the scaling issues of a vertical tunnel field-effect transistor (FET). The device, a gated p-i-n diode based on silicon, showed gate-controlled band-to-band tunneling from the heavily doped source to the intrinsic channel. An exponentially increasing input characteristics, perfect saturation in the output characteristics, and off-currents of the order of 1 fA//spl mu/m for sub-100-nm channel lengths were observed. Further, with a /spl delta/p/sup +/ SiGe layer at the p-source end, improvements in the device performance in terms of on-current, threshold voltage and subthreshold swing were shown, albeit trading off the off-currents which increase with Ge content x. We show here that the tunnel FET performance is nearly independent of channel length scaling L and with /spl delta/p/sup +/ SiGe layer, scaling t/sub ox/ is not critical to tunnel FET scaling. Further, with gate workfunction engineering, the tunnel FET can be tuned to achieve a high on-current as well as very low off-currents. Due to the perfect saturation in the output characteristics, the device looks good for sub-100-nm low-power analog devices.
The Effects of Drumstick Tree (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Meal on the Average Weight Gain of Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). (2013)

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on the weight gain of weaner rabbits. Three diets were formulated; Diet one (T1) which contained neither soya bean meal nor Moringa leaf meal served as the control diet. Diet two (T2) contained soya bean meal without Moringa leaf meal, while diet three (T3) contained Moringa leaf meal without soya bean meal. Thirty-six rabbits of 40 days old were used for the study with each treatment cage containing four rabbits of average weight of 480g per rabbit. There was significant difference (P<0.05) among all the treatments in average weight gain (256.25g, 365.00g and 483.75g) respectively. T3 had the highest percentage (81.48%) followed by T2 (78.95%) with the least being T1 (52.69%). No mortality was recorded during the experimental period. The study revealed that diet three, T3 (20% Moringa oleifera leaf meal) is rich in nutrients. It also showed that the Moringa oleifera leaf meal could be used as total replacement for soybean meal in rabbit diet without any adverse effect on the weight gained. It also showed that rabbits cannot perform well when fed only millet mash residue without supplemental protein source.
Updated survival follow-up for phase I study of abexinostat with pazopanib in patients with solid tumor malignancies. (2022)

3150 Background: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition downregulates HIF-1a, which may be effective in overcoming resistance to VEGF-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We report the updated survival follow-up for patients treated with abexinostat and pazopanib in a phase Ib trial. Methods: Patients with solid tumor malignancies were enrolled in this phase Ib, open-label trial (NCT01543763) of abexinostat in combination with pazopanib (3+3 design), with a dose expansion restricted to renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients received a 1-week run-in period with abexinostat alone, and then combination abexinostat with pazopanib during a 28-day treatment cycle until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or study withdrawal. Plasma samples from 29 patients were sent for metabolomics analysis. Results: 51 patients were enrolled: N = 36 patients in dose escalation, N = 15 in dose expansion. At the time of last report in 2017, 5 patients remained on study treatment: N = 4 with RCC, and N = 1 with thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma. 4 of these patients have now had disease progression. Median duration of therapy measured 44.9 months (range 39.8-102.2). One patient with metastatic RCC (patient 1) remains on study treatment, after progression on 5 prior lines of systemic therapy. With updated survival follow-up, median OS measured 12.4 months in the dose escalation arm and 27.65 months in the RCC dose expansion cohort. Overall median duration of therapy in all 51 patients measured 5.6 months (range 1-103 months). Progression-free survival among patients with high PBMC HDAC2 expression (&gt; 0.4) remains longer compared to those with low expression (median 6.3 vs. 3.7 months, p = 0.0041). Metabolomics analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between HDAC2 and N6-acetyllysine, suggesting that baseline HDAC2 may impact efficacy of HDAC inhibition. Conclusions: The combination of abexinostat with pazopanib appears promising, with the potential for long-term responses particularly in patients with metastatic RCC. This has led to an ongoing phase III trial examining this combination in RCC. Clinical trial information: NCT01543763. [Table: see text]
Identification of a site of psoialen crosslinking inE. coli16S ribosomal RNA (1982)

We have developed a 2-dimensional gel method for identification of RNA sequences crosslinked by the intercalative drug 4'-hydroxymethyl-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (HMT). This method is being used to localize such sites in E. coli ribosomal RNA. We report here the identification of a site for HMT crosslinking within positions 434 and 497 of 16S rRNA. We suggest a likely site for HMT intercalation, in which residues U548 and U473 become crosslinked via the drug.
Determining hydrogen-bond strengths in the solid state by NMR: the quantitative measurement of homonuclear J couplings (2002)

Hydrogen-bonding strengths in the solid state are quantitatively determined by the accurate measurement of 15N-15N J couplings using a straightforward 2D MAS NMR spinecho approach.
Lysine Fortification: Past, Present, and Future (2004)

Fortification with lysine to improve the protein value of human diets that are heavily based on cereals has received support from the results of these recent studies [1,2]. Support also comes from examination of average food and nutrient availability data derived from food balance sheets. Whereas nutritional status is influenced by the nutrient content of foods consumed in relation to need, the requirements for protein and amino acids are influenced by many additional factors [10, 12, 14, 28, 29]. These include age, sex, body size, physical activity, growth, pregnancy and lactation, infection, and the efficiency of nutrient utilization. Even if the immune response was influenced by the added lysine, adequate water and basic sanitation would remain essential. Acute and chronic undernutrition and most micronutrient deficiencies primarily affect poor and deprived people who do not have access to food of adequate nutritional value, live in unsanitary environments without access to clean water and basic services, and lack access to appropriate education and information [30]. A further variable is the possible interaction between protein and food energy availability [31]. This could affect the protein value of diets when food energy is limiting to a significant degree. Thus, the additional effects of food energy deficiency on protein utilization could well be superimposed on the very poorest. The improvement of dietary diversity must be the long-term aim, with dietary fortification considered only a short-term solution. The former should take place as wealth improves and the gaps between rich and poor diminish. Although such changes are taking place, they are highly uneven. Over the last several decades, increases have occurred in the availability of food energy, total protein, and animal protein for both developed and developing countries. However, for the very poorest developing countries over the same period, changes have been almost nonexistent, and the values for some nutritional indicators have even declined. For estimated lysine value, the developed countries showed increases in per capita availability from 5,400 to 6,167 mg per day and the developing countries from 2,400 to 3,454 mg per day, while in contrast, the very poorest countries remained static at about 2,400 to 2,500 mg per day. Thus, although lysine fortification may be theoretically only a short-term solution, in the very poorest countries changes in wealth such that dietary diversity and lysine availability may increase by natural progression remain remote. If we can justify using lysine to fortify animal feed in the rich regions of the world for economic gain, perhaps we should now consider adding lysine to the flour consumed by the deprived people in the poorest regions of the world to improve both their nutrition and their resistance to disease.
The Sol-Gel-Derived Nickel-Cobalt Oxides with High Supercapacitor Performances (2011)

10.1149/1.3574021
Cu/MgAl2O4 as Bifunctional Catalyst for Aldol Condensation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural and Selective Transfer Hydrogenation (2013)

Copper supported on mesoporous magnesium aluminate has been prepared as noble-metal-free solid catalyst for aldol condensation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with acetone, followed by hydrogenation of the aldol condensation products. The investigated mesoporous spinels possess high activity as solid-base catalysts. Magnesium aluminate exhibits superior activity compared to zinc and cobalt-based aluminates, reaching full conversion and up to 81 % yield of the 1:1 aldol product. The high activity can be correlated to a higher concentration of basic surface sites on magnesium aluminate. Applying continuous regeneration, the catalysts can be recycled without loss of activity. Focusing on the subsequent hydrogenation of aldol condensation products, Cu/MgAl2 O4 allows a selective hydrogenation and CO bond cleavage, delivering 3-hydroxybutyl-5-methylfuran as the main product with up to 84 % selectivity avoiding ring saturation. Analysis of the hydrogenation activity reveals that the reaction proceeds in the following order: CC>CO>CO cleavage>ring hydrogenation. Comparable activity and selectivity can be also achieved utilizing 2-propanol as solvent in the transfer hydrogenation, providing the possibility for partial recycling of acetone and optimization of the hydrogen management.
Preparation optimization of chitosan/graphene oxide aerogels: Tailoring of dye adsorption ability and mechanical properties (2018)

Chitosan (CS)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite aerogels have been prepared by freeze-drying and investigated as possible adsorbents for the removal of water-soluble dyes. The preparation procedure has been optimized in terms of CS and GO mixing procedure, crosslinking conditions and freezing protocol. The ultimate goal is to properly select the process-related parameters in order to maximize the performances of the CS/GO aerogels, specifically focusing on dye uptake capacity and mechanical properties. The obtained results suggest that the fine tuning of the preparation process allows to efficiently combine the ability of chitosan in binding anionic species and the capacity of GO nanoparticles of adsorbing cationic pollutants. In addition, compression tests reveal that the composite aerogels exhibit improved mechanical properties, which is highly attractive from a practical point of view since facilitate their handling and recovery after the adsorption process.
Safety and efficacy of antiviral combination therapy in symptomatic patients of Covid-19 infection - a randomised controlled trial (SEV-COVID Trial): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2020)

Protocol version:1.0 Recruitment start: June 3<sup>rd</sup>, 2020 (Ongoing) Recruitment finish (expected): October 31<sup>st</sup>, 2020 TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI): CTRI/2020/06/025575 . Registration on 03 June 2020 FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.
Neuroretinitis, Aseptic Meningitis, and Lymphadenitis Associated with Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae Infection in Immunocompetent Patients and Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (1995)

Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae causes a variety of diseases, including bacillary angiomatosis, peliosis hepatis, lymphadenitis, aseptic meningitis with bacteremia, and cat-scratch disease (CSD). Cases of B. henselae-related disease were collected from September 1991 through November 1993. Patients with suspected CSD, unexplained fever and lymphadenitis, or suspected B. henselae infection who were seen in the Infectious Diseases Clinic at Wilford Hall Medical Center (Lackland Air Force Base, TX) underwent physical and laboratory examinations. In addition to three previously described cases, 23 patients with R. henselae-related infection were identified. The patients included 19 immunocompetent individuals presenting with lymphadenitis (11), stellate neuroretinitis (5), Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome with retinitis (1), chronic fatigue syndrome-like disease (1), and microbiologically proven adenitis without the presence of immunofluorescent antibodies to B. henselae (1) and four patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 presenting with isolated lymphadenitis (1), diffuse upper-extremity adenitis (1), neuroretinitis (1), and aseptic meningitis (1). A couple with neuroretinitis and their pet cat, a persistently fatigued patient, and a patient with Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome were shown to have bacteremia. Tissue cultures were positive for B. henselae in three recent cases of adenitis. Twenty-two patients were exposed to cats. This series further demonstrates the similarities between B. henselae-related diseases and CSD and identifies several new syndromes due to B. henselae.
Degradation of Concentrated Solutions of Non-biodegradable Orange II by Photocatalytic and Electrochemical Methods (1998)

The rate of photodegradation of Orange II was significantly accelerated by the addition of portions of H2O2 at appropriate times based on the monitoring of oxygen content and oxidant consumption; in contrast, mineralisation by electrochemical treatment was observed to be relatively inefficient.