gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of a national routine immunisation programme initiated in 1999 on Hepatitis A incidence in Israel, 1993 to 2012 (2015)

Data on long-term impact of universal national vaccination programmes against hepatitis A are lacking. We aimed at evaluating the impact on hepatitis A incidence of the Israeli toddlers-only universal routine two-dose vaccination programme against hepatitis A initiated in 1999. All hepatitis A episodes reported to the national surveillance system from 1993 to 2012 were analysed in relation to the vaccination programme and coverage. Mean vaccine coverage in Israel between 2003 and 2010 was 92% for the first dose, given at 18 months of age, and 88% for the second dose, given at 24 months. The annual hepatitis A incidence declined from a mean of 50.4 per 100,000 in the period between 1993 and 1998 to a mean of?&lt;1.0, during the period from 2008 to 2012, representing a reduction of?&gt;98%. The decline was evident in all ages and ethnicity groups, including unvaccinated populations. Of the 1,247 cases reported nationwide between 2002 and 2012, the vaccination status could be ascertained in 1,108 (89%). Among them, only 20 (2%) were reported be vaccinated with one dose and three (&lt;1%) received two doses. The sustained results of this long-term impact study suggest that a toddlers-only universal routine two-dose vaccination programme is highly effective and practical. These findings underscore the importance of sustainability in both the surveillance systems and vaccination programmes and will aid to determine vaccination policies.
Semi-Supervised City-Wide Parking Availability Prediction via Hierarchical Recurrent Graph Neural Network (2020)

The ability to predict city-wide parking availability is crucial for the successful development of Parking Guidance and Information (PGI) systems. The effective prediction of city-wide parking availability can boost parking efficiency, improve urban planning, and ultimately alleviate city congestion. However, it is a non-trivial task for city-wide parking availability prediction because of three major challenges: 1) the non-euclidean spatial autocorrelation among parking lots, 2) the dynamic temporal autocorrelation inside of and between parking lots, and 3) the scarcity of information about real-time parking availability obtained from real-time sensors (e.g., camera, ultrasonic sensor, and bluetooth sensor). To this end, we propose a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><u>S</u>emi-supervised <u>H</u>ier<u>a</u>rchical <u>Re</u>current Graph Neural Network-<u>X</u></i> ( <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SHARE-X</small> ) to predict parking availability of each parking lot within a city. Specifically, we first propose a hierarchical graph convolution module to model the non-euclidean spatial autocorrelation among parking lots. Along this line, a contextual graph convolution block and a multi-resolution soft clustering graph convolution block are respectively proposed to capture local and global spatial dependencies between parking lots. Moreover, we devise a hierarchical attentive recurrent network module to incorporate both short and long-term dynamic temporal dependencies of parking lots. Additionally, a parking availability approximation module is introduced to estimate missing real-time parking availabilities from both spatial and temporal domains. Finally, experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate that <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SHARE-X</small> outperforms eight state-of-the-art baselines in parking availability prediction.
Co‐designing teacher support technology for problem‐based learning in middle school science (2023)

Abstract This paper provides an experience report on a co‐design approach with teachers to co‐create learning analytics‐based technology to support problem‐based learning in middle school science classrooms. We have mapped out a workflow for such applications and developed design narratives to investigate the implementation, modifications and temporal roles of the participants in the design process. Our results provide precedent knowledge on co‐designing with experienced and novice teachers and co‐constructing actionable insight that can help teachers engage more effectively with their students' learning and problem‐solving processes during classroom PBL implementations. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic Success of educational technology depends in large part on the technology's alignment with teachers' goals for their students, teaching strategies and classroom context. Teacher and researcher co‐design of educational technology and supporting curricula has proven to be an effective way for integrating teacher insight and supporting their implementation needs. Co‐designing learning analytics and support technologies with teachers is difficult due to differences in design and development goals, workplace norms, and AI‐literacy and learning analytics background of teachers. What this paper adds We provide a co‐design workflow for middle school teachers that centres on co‐designing and developing actionable insights to support problem‐based learning (PBL) by systematic development of responsive teaching practices using AI‐generated learning analytics. We adapt established human‐computer interaction (HCI) methods to tackle the complex task of classroom PBL implementation, working with experienced and novice teachers to create a learning analytics dashboard for a PBL curriculum. We demonstrate researcher and teacher roles and needs in ensuring co‐design collaboration and the co‐construction of actionable insight to support middle school PBL. Implications for practice and/or policy Learning analytics researchers will be able to use the workflow as a tool to support their PBL co‐design processes. Learning analytics researchers will be able to apply adapted HCI methods for effective co‐design processes. Co‐design teams will be able to pre‐emptively prepare for the difficulties and needs of teachers when integrating middle school teacher feedback during the co‐design process in support of PBL technologies.
Towards Empathic Touch by Relational Agents (2009)

Empathy—the process of attending to, understanding, and responding to another person&amp;apos;s expressions of emotion—is a prerequisite for providing emotional support which, in turn, is a key element for establishing most kinds of meaningful social
Bioconjugation of Calcium Phosphosilicate Composite Nanoparticles for Selective Targeting of Human Breast and Pancreatic Cancers In Vivo (2010)

The early diagnosis of cancer is the critical element in successful treatment and long-term favorable patient prognoses. The high rate of mortality is mainly attributed to the tendency for late diagnoses as symptoms may not occur until the disease has metastasized, as well as the lack of effective systemic therapies. Late diagnosis is often associated with the lack of timely sensitive imaging modalities. The promise of nanotechnology is presently limited by the inability to simultaneously seek, treat, and image cancerous lesions. This study describes the design and synthesis of fluorescent calcium phosphosilicate nanocomposite particles (CPNPs) that can be systemically targeted to breast and pancreatic cancer lesions. The CPNPs are a approximately 20 nm diameter composite composed of an amorphous calcium phosphate matrix doped with silicate in which a near-infrared imaging agent, indocyanine green (ICG), is embedded. In the present studies, we describe and validate CPNP bioconjugation of human holotransferrin, anti-CD71 antibody, and short gastrin peptides via an avidin-biotin or a novel PEG-maleimide coupling strategy. The conjugation of biotinylated human holotransferrin (diferric transferrin) and biotinylated anti-CD71 antibody (anti-transferrin receptor antibody) to avidin-conjugated CPNPs (Avidin-CPNPs) permits targeting of transferrin receptors, which are highly expressed on breast cancer cells. Similarly, the conjugation of biotinylated pentagastrin to Avidin-CPNPs and decagastrin (gastrin-10) to PEG-CPNPs via PEG-maleimide coupling permits targeting of gastrin receptors, which are overexpressed in pancreatic cancer lesions. These bioconjugated CPNPs have the potential to perform as a theranostic modality, simultaneously enhancing drug delivery, targeting, and imaging of breast and pancreatic cancer tumors.
Free the Fish Safer, Easier and Faster with Even Harder Jar Hits (2016)

Abstract Given the high cost of drilling in any offshore environment, operators require reliable tools that can be utilized safely. Operators also want a tool that can excel in rigorous offshore drilling operations while being user friendly. Reliability of hydraulic drilling jars can improve by adding an internal component to the jar which will release the jar before it reaches its maximum over-pull load. An added benefit of this component is it also makes the tool more user friendly. Concerning safety, the fewer components that are external to the tool, the safer the tool becomes. Specifically, removing the need for an external safety collar eliminates a safety hazard by preventing an overhead object from falling to the rig floor. Finally, excelling in the rigorous offshore environment can come from a jar that is designed to hit harder than ever before. This paper introduces a hydraulic drilling jar that includes the latest technology related to safety, reliability and strength. Safety aspects of the tool are presented as well as a module internal to the tool that improves its reliability. This module also makes it easier for the driller to operate the jar. The engineering principles that explain why this jar has an improved hitting force are also presented. The paper closes with a section dedicated to field results received from the Gulf of Mexico. A cost savings analysis is also be presented showing how certain features of this jar provide the operator with a more efficient use of rig time.
Possibilities of quantitative Makyoh topography (2002)

Geometrical optical approaches to the reconstruction of surface topography from their Makyoh images are reviewed. A simple numerical algorithm is proposed for one-dimensional (1D) reconstruction. For the 2D case, the use of structured illumination is shown, and tentative results of an iterative algorithm are presented. Advantages and limitations of each method are discussed.
Early Gene Duplication Within Chloroplastida and Its Correspondence With Relocation of Starch Metabolism to Chloroplasts (2008)

The endosymbiosis event resulting in the plastid of photosynthetic eukaryotes was accompanied by the appearance of a novel form of storage polysaccharide in Rhodophyceae, Glaucophyta, and Chloroplastida. Previous analyses indicated that starch synthesis resulted from the merging of the cyanobacterial and the eukaryotic storage polysaccharide metabolism pathways. We performed a comparative bioinformatic analysis of six algal genome sequences to investigate this merger. Specifically, we analyzed two Chlorophyceae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carterii, and four Prasinophytae, two Ostreococcus strains and two Micromonas pusilla strains. Our analyses revealed a complex metabolic pathway whose intricacies and function seem conserved throughout the green lineage. Comparison of this pathway to that recently proposed for the Rhodophyceae suggests that the complexity that we observed is unique to the green lineage and was generated when the latter diverged from the red algae. This finding corresponds well with the plastidial location of starch metabolism in Chloroplastidae. In contrast, Rhodophyceae and Glaucophyta produce and store starch in the cytoplasm and have a lower complexity pathway. Cytoplasmic starch synthesis is currently hypothesized to represent the ancestral state of storage polysaccharide metabolism in Archaeplastida. The retargeting of components of the cytoplasmic pathway to plastids likely required a complex stepwise process involving several rounds of gene duplications. We propose that this relocation of glucan synthesis to the plastid facilitated evolution of chlorophyll-containing light-harvesting complex antennae by playing a protective role within the chloroplast.
Abstract A65: MicroRNA miR-210 modulates cellular response to hypoxia through the MYC antagonist MNT (2009)

Abstract Intratumoral hypoxia is well known as a hallmark of most solid tumors. Here, we studied expression level of about 200 microRNAs in a panel of cancer cell lines from different tissues, and identified a microRNA miR210, its expression was prominently up-regulated by hypoxia. Over expression of miR210 in cancer cell lines partially reversed the hypoxic gene expression signature and allowed cells to escape from hypoxia-induced cell-cycle arrest. We then identified MNT, a known MYC antagonist, as a key miR-210 target. miR-210 directly down-regulated MNT transcript and protein via recognition sites in the transcript 3′ UTR. Consistent with a role for MNT as a miR-210 target, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of MNT phenocopied miR-210 over expression cell cycle effect. Furthermore, loss of MYC abolished the ability of miR-210 to override hypoxia-induced cell-cycle arrest. Thus, miR-210 could function as a modulator in cancer cells in response to hypoxic conditions through Myc network. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):A65.
Experimental development of a millimeter wave free electron laser (1990)

A 1 MW (cw), millimeter wave FEL (&lambda;<sub>3</sub> &asymp; 0.5 mm) is currently under development with an application for heating fusion plasmas. Two salient features of the FEL are the use of a short-period wiggler &le; 10 mm) electromagnet and a mildly relativistic (E<sub>beam</sub> &le; 1 MeV) sheet electron beam. The FEL has been designed to operate in the highgain regime and uses a tapered wiggler. The wiggler provides beam focusing as well as the magnetostatic pump wave. The effectiveness of wiggler focusing is being investigated. Planned experiments will address the critical issues of beam interception and stable single-mode operation.
Motors for Ship Propulsion (2015)

Electric propulsion of ships has experienced steady expansion for several decades. Since the early 20th century, icebreakers have employed the flexibility and easy control of direct current (dc) motors to provide for ship operations that split ice with back and forth motion of the ship. More recently, cruise ships have employed diesel-electric propulsion systems to take advantage of the flexibility of diesel, as opposed to steam engines, and because the electric plant can also be used for hotel loads. Research vessels, ferries, tankers, and special purpose vessels have also taken advantage of increased flexibility and fuel efficiency with electric propulsion. Today, the U.S. Navy is building an “all electric” destroyer to be named “Zumwalt,” which employs two induction motors for propulsion. There are several different classes of motors that might be considered for use in ship propulsion, ranging from dc (commutator) motors through conventional induction and synchronous motors to permanent magnet synchronous machines, doubly fed machines and superconducting alternating current (ac) and acyclic homopolar machines. This review paper describes features of some of the major classes of motor that might be used in ship propulsion.
Novel Functions of Non-Ionic, Amphiphilic Lignin Derivatives (2012)

Technical lignins including water-insoluble isolated lignins were easily converted to water-soluble derivatives by the reaction with several types of epoxidized polyethylene glycol derivatives. The resulting lignin-based derivatives were soluble in water and organic solvents, thus having amphiphilic property. We found novel functions of the amphiphiles, such as the uses as cellulase-aid agent and cement dispersant in addition to the surfactant action. This article reviews the functions in relation to the development of biorefining processes for Japanese woody biomass.
An Acute Exercise-Induced Translocation of β-Adrenergic Receptors in Rat Myocardium1 (1989)

The effect of acute exercise (treadmill running) on rat myocardium beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-AR) was studied. beta-AR was identified in purified sarcolemmal membrane fractions and light vesicle fractions. In control hearts, the number of beta-AR was 21.25 +/- 2.25 and 20.89 +/- 2.89 fmol/mg protein (mean +/- SE) in sarcolemmal membranes and light vesicles, respectively. Immediately after a single bout of dynamic exercise, about 35% of beta-AR was transferred from light vesicles to sarcolemmal membranes (p less than 0.05); concomitantly, isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity also significantly increased in sarcolemmal membranes (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that acute exercise provokes the translocation of beta-AR from a presumably intracellular site (light vesicles) to functional membrane fractions (sarcolemmal membranes) in rat myocardium.
Endogenous Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor for Endothelialization Due to Angiogenesis in Fabric Vascular Prostheses (1996)

Angiogenesis by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is important for endothelialization in vascular prostheses and is significant from shortly after implantation. Canine adipose tissue was resected, minced into fragments, and suspended. This mixture was sieved through the wall of a fabric vascular prosthesis. Tissue-fragmented grafts (TF-grafts, 6 mm internal diameter, 6 cm long) were implanted into the abdominal aortae of four dogs, and four preclotted grafts were used as control subjects. Grafts were removed at 1-7 days after implantation. Removed grafts were evaluated microscopically, immunohistologically, and by scanning electron microscope. At day 1, a thrombus layer was on the TF-graft lumen. At day 3, cell proliferation and migration were observed. At day 5, endothelial-like cells were extending onto the luminal thrombus. Cell proliferation around the fragments was active, and those cells were bFGF positive. In the control subjects, at day 7, the perigraft tissue was bFGF positive, whereas no endothelialization on the lumen or no capillary infiltration into the graft wall was observed. Furthermore, bFGF was negative in the sites of thrombus and infection. These results demonstrate that endogenous bFGF is important for endothelialization due to angiogenesis in fabric vascular prostheses, whereas thrombus and infection might have a negative effect.
Comparison on Nanometrology: Nano 2—Step height (2003)

The ability to measure step height and to calibrate step height artefacts is of vital interest in nanometrology. On that score the WGDM7 decided in 1998 to include measurements of step heights in a series of comparisons on the field of nanometrology.
A PLL clock generator with 5 to 110 MHz of lock range for microprocessors (1992)

A microprocessor clock generator based on an analog phase-locked loop (PLL) is described for deskewing the internal logic control lock to an external system lock. This PLL is fully generated onto a 1.2-million-transistor microprocessor in 0.8- mu m CMOS technology without the need for external components. It operates with a lock range from 5 to 110 MHz. The clock skew is less than 0.1 ns, with a peak-to-peak jitter of less than 0.3 ns for a 50-MHz system clock frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
HAPLOTYPE DIVERSITY OF STEINERNEMA FELTIAE (NEMATODA: STEINERNEMATIDAE) IN EURASIA (2020)

Phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequences of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (Wouts, Mráček, Gerdin and Bedding, 1982) was used to infer intraspecific genetic variability of this rhabditid nematode. Nucleotide intraspecific differences among S. feltiae isolates reached the level of 19 base pairs per ITS rDNA region, i.e. up to 2.9%. Several weakly or moderately supported intraspecific clades were detected. Sicilian and Swiss isolates of S. feltiae were found clustering together. Swiss strain ‘St. Bernard’ has been isolated on the St. Bernardino mountain pass in Switzerland in 2000. Phylogenetic relationships among S. feltiae isolates were inferred by using three different methods (maximum parsimony, neighbor joining and maximum likelihood). The topologies of the phylogenetic trees were identical and thus only ML tree is presented. ML tree revealed that S. feltiae isolates from Israel and Armenia grouped at the basal position of the tree, while in the spanning network obtained with POPART software, Iranian and Ukrainian isolates were the closest to the outgroup. In all methods of analyses, the European and Siberian strains of S. feltiae occupied terminal positions. Thus, further studies on the intraspecific genetic variability of entomopathogenic nematodes is needed.
Mean shift detection using active learning in dermatological images (2002)

A scheme for detecting heterogenous regions in dermatological images with malignant melanoma is proposed. The scheme works without setting any parameter. The mean shift detection problem is divided into two stages: window size optimization and detection. In the first stage, the maximum circular neighborhood centered on each pixel for which it is true that all the elements belong to the same class as the central one is estimated using redundant data sets generated with overlapping groups. Statistics are computed from all these neighborhoods and associated ot the respective central pixels. As expected, larger values of a minimizing energy function are assigned to pixels belonging to heterogeneous regions. In the second stage, those regions are detected by applying first an expectation-maximization algorithm and, afterwards, automatically defining a threshold between homogeneous and heterogeneous regions. The present scheme is tested on a set of synthetical images. Results are shown on synthetical and real images. Extensions of the scheme to textural cases are also shown.
Season of birth modifies puberty in female and male goats raised under subtropical conditions (2007)

In seasonal goats and sheep breeds, onset of puberty is modified by the season of birth. As adult does and bucks from subtropical Mexico display seasonal variation in their reproductive behaviour, this study was carried out to determine the effect of season of birth on puberty. Three groups of each sex born in January, May and October were used. During the seasons, does and bucks were weaned at an age of 30 days and offered ad libitum alfalfa hay and 100 g of commercial concentrate. In the female kids, the onset of ovulatory activity was determined by progesterone plasma concentrations once in a week from 3 months of age until the onset of puberty. In the male kids, the onset of puberty was individually recorded by observing the ability to mount and intromit an induced oestrous female goat aged 3 months and the presence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate obtained in an artificial vagina 1 week after the first mount. In female kids, there was an effect of the season on the date of first ovulation (P < 0.001). In the May group, ovulatory activity commenced at an earlier age (201 ± 3 days) compared with January (264 ± 5 days) and October (344 ± 5 days) groups (P < 0.001). In the January group also, the ovulatory activity commenced earlier than the October group (P < 0.001). In males, an effect of the season of birth on the first mounting was observed (P < 0.001). The male kids that were born in May (111 ± 3) and October (112 ± 5 days) attained puberty earlier than those born in January (131 ± 4 days; P < 0.001). The time of onset of puberty did not differ between groups of May and October. All males showed the presence of spermatozoa in the first ejaculate obtained 1 week after the first mount. The spermatozoa in all ejaculates were immobile. It was concluded that the season of birth modified the onset of puberty in both genders, but these modifications were more pronounced in the female than in the male kid goats.