gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Actin Inhibition Increases Megakaryocyte Proplatelet Formation through an Apoptosis-Dependent Mechanism (2015)

We report a correlation between increased proplatelet formation and activation of apoptosis, and that the increase in proplatelet formation in response to actin inhibition is caspase dependent. These findings support a role for apoptosis in proplatelet formation in this model.
A survey on sensor networks (2002)

The advancement in wireless communications and electronics has enabled the development of low-cost sensor networks. The sensor networks can be used for various application areas (e.g., health, military, home). For different application areas, there are different technical issues that researchers are currently resolving. The current state of the art of sensor networks is captured in this article, where solutions are discussed under their related protocol stack layer sections. This article also points out the open research issues and intends to spark new interests and developments in this field.
Simulating quantum optical networks with ultrafast pulse shaping (2015)

Entanglement is an essential resource at the heart of quantum information processing and quantum metrology. Moreover, multimode entanglement is necessary for the fabrication of complex quantum networks, in which entanglement is distributed among several quantum modes. The nodes of the network are made from quantum modes, which are the fundamental information carriers, and these nodes are interconnected by a series of channels through which the information flows. Multimode entanglement is traditionally viewed as many-body correlations, in which the nodes are spatially separated and can be measured individually. In our multimode resource, all of the modes travel together within a single laser beam [1]. This co-propagation of modes enables us to construct on-demand quantum networks via arbitrary shaping within the measurement process.
Highly Efficient Ruthenium‐Catalyzed N‐Formylation of Amines with H2 and CO2 (2015)

Abstract A highly efficient catalyst system based on ruthenium‐pincer‐type complexes has been discovered for N‐formylation of various amines with CO 2 and H 2 , thus affording the corresponding formamides with excellent productivity (turnover numbers of up to 1 940 000 in a single batch) and selectivity. Using a simple catalyst recycling protocol, the catalyst was reused for 12 runs in N , N ‐dimethylformamide production without significant loss of activity, thus demonstrating the potential for practical utilization of this cost‐effective process. A one‐pot two‐step procedure for hydrogenation of CO 2 to methanol via the intermediacy of formamide formation has also been developed.
Subfoveal choroidal thickness and choroidal vascularity index on spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography in Alzheimer’s disease (2020)

Abstract Background The involvement of the retina and its vasculature has previously been demonstrated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Choroidal parameters such as choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) as measured on spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) have the potential to be used as non‐invasive biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease. Method SD‐OCT imaging of 42 participants with AD, 40 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 139 cognitively healthy controls was obtained in a cross‐sectional study (NCT03233646). Exclusion criteria included diabetes, glaucoma, other non‐AD dementias, and any known vitreoretinal pathology. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) was manually measured by two masked graders, with a third grader used as a tie‐breaker for any measurement discrepancy. Total choroid area and luminal area were calculated by automated image binarization techniques. Choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was measured as the ratio of luminal area to total choroid area. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the difference in parameters between AD, MCI, and controls in univariable and multivariable analyses. Result Choroidal thickness (p = 0.009), total choroid area (p = 0.02), and luminal area (p = 0.02) were significantly less in AD versus controls in univariable but not in multivariable analysis after controlling for age, sex, and logMAR visual acuity. Choroidal vascularity index was not significantly different between individuals with AD and controls and was significantly different between individuals with MCI and controls only in univariable analysis (p = 0.04). However, CVI was significantly less in AD versus MCI in both univariable and multivariable analyses (p = 0.01). Conclusion Subfoveal choroidal thickness may not be associated with AD independent of aging. However, the choroidal vascularity index was less in AD compared to MCI, suggesting decreased vascularity of the subfoveal choroid in these patients. CVI may be useful as an adjunctive biomarker for the diagnosis of AD.
Guilt by association (2014)

The increasing sophistication of malicious software calls for new defensive techniques that are harder to evade, and are capable of protecting users against novel threats. We present AESOP, a scalable algorithm that identifies malicious executable files by applying Aesop's moral that "a man is known by the company he keeps." We use a large dataset voluntarily contributed by the members of Norton Community Watch, consisting of partial lists of the files that exist on their machines, to identify close relationships between files that often appear together on machines. AESOP leverages locality-sensitive hashing to measure the strength of these inter-file relationships to construct a graph, on which it performs large scale inference by propagating information from the labeled files (as benign or malicious) to the preponderance of unlabeled files. AESOP attained early labeling of 99% of benign files and 79% of malicious files, over a week before they are labeled by the state-of-the-art techniques, with a 0.9961 true positive rate at flagging malware, at 0.0001 false positive rate.
Purification and Formulation of Xanthophyll for Pharmaceutical Use: Current Strategies and Future Trends (2015)

Abstract The increasing attention to biological activities of dietary xanthophylls demands the establishment of attractive and easy‐to‐implement purification protocols for their recovery from different sources. Bioengineering strategies that involve alternative isolation and purification techniques have gained interest since they offer practical benefits in comparison to traditional column chromatography methods. Furthermore, the use of these techniques has resulted in compound purities from 50 to 98 %. Besides purification, it is important to keep in mind that xanthophyll bioavailability is limited due to their low solubility in digestive fluids. Therefore, there is also the need to enhance xanthophyll bioavailability through formulations of the purified compounds. Several formulation techniques have been employed to obtain products for bioavailability or stability studies. However, there is a lack of studies that address the effect of the formulation upon the bioavailability and stability of these compounds. In the present review, emerging purification and formulation technologies that have shown potential for xanthophyll isolation and bioavailability enhancement are critically discussed. This analysis is presented in order to discuss the current trends in the purification and formulation technologies of xanthophylls, particularly for pharmaceutical use.
Effects of an antitumor multipeptide complex on immunocompetent and antigen-responsive cells. (1976)

The investigations, performed to study the possible mechanism of action of PTC, of its single constituents and of meta-levo-sarcolysin (m-L-SL) on the human immunocompetent system, are reported. The study entailed the evaluation of the effect of PTC, of its peptides and of m-L-SL on the various lymphocyte classes, employing all the more sophisticated immunological techniques such as: a) lymphocyte cultures stimulated with the various mitogens, (T and B lymphocytes); b) E rosettes (T lymphocytes); c) EA rosettes (lymphocytes with Fc receptors for IgG); d) EAC rosettes (lymphocytes with the C3 receptors); e) autoradiography and intracytoplasmic immunofluorescence (in vitro immunoglobulin neosynthesis); f) CdL (Complement-dependent Lymphocytotoxicity); g) LALI (Lymphocyte Antibody Lymphocytolytic Interaction); h) CML (antibody independent cytotoxicity i.e. Cell-Mediated Lympholysis). The evidence points out that the PTC effect on T and B lymphocytes is not comparable to that of m-L-SL which does not discriminate between the two lymphocyte populations while PTC, besides showing a scarce immunodepressive effect, preferentially affects B lymphocytes rather than T lymphocytes as shown also by the E rosette pattern. Significantly different appears also the influence of PTC, as compared with that of m-L-SL on the lymphocytes with Fc receptors for IgG (EA rosettes) and with receptors for the third component of complement (EAC rosettes) as well as on the cytotoxicity test and on the antibody dependent (LALI) and complement dependent (CdL) lytic effect. The data gleaned from this investigation allow evaluating both the effects of PTC on the immunocompetent system and the difference of its action from that of m-L-SL.
A Topology-Based Stereo Matching Method for One Shot 3D Measurement Using Coded Spot-Array Structured Light (2021)

In this paper, a topology-based stereo matching method for 3D measurement using a single pattern of coded spot-array structured light is proposed. The pattern of spot array is designed with a central reference ring spot, and each spot in the pattern can be uniquely coded with the row and column indexes according to the predefined topological search path. A method using rectangle templates to find the encoded spots in the captured images is proposed in the case where coding spots are missing, and an interpolation method is also proposed for rebuilding the missing spots. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique could exactly and uniquely decode each spot and establish the stereo matching relation successfully, which can be used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction with a single-shot method.
Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Relation to Body Composition in Myotonic Dystrophy (1973)

Body composition and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were examined in seventeen patients with myotonic dystrophy (MD). Body cell mass and body fat were determined with isotope dilution methods. Adipose tissue fat cell weight was measured and total fat cell number of the body could be estimated. Fasting concentrations of blood glucose, plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and insulin as well as of glucose and insulin after ingestion of 100 gm. of glucose were also determined. In comparison with pertinent controls, MD patients showed no difference in body weight, although body composition was markedly altered with decreased body cell mass and increased body fat mass. Patients without physical impairment showed no derangements, of metabolism. However, disabled MD patients with pronounced decrease of body cell mass had decreased glucose tolerance and increased levels of fasting plasma insulin and lipids. It was concluded that deranged lipid or carbohydrate metabolism is not a primary characteristic of MD but a phenomenon secondary to muscular impairment and atrophy. Intact muscle function is probably important in regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
Atomic view of the HIV-1 matrix lattice; implications on virus assembly and envelope incorporation (2022)

During the late phase of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection cycle, the virally encoded Gag polyproteins are targeted to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM) for assembly, formation of immature particles, and virus release. Gag binding to the PM is mediated by interactions of the N-terminally myristoylated matrix (myrMA) domain with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Formation of a myrMA lattice on the PM is an obligatory step for the assembly of immature HIV-1 particles and envelope (Env) incorporation. Atomic details of the myrMA lattice and how it mediates Env incorporation are lacking. Herein, we present the X-ray structure of myrMA at 2.15 Å. The myrMA lattice is arranged as a hexamer of trimers with a central hole, thought to accommodate the C-terminal tail of Env to promote incorporation into virions. The trimer–trimer interactions in the lattice are mediated by the N-terminal loop of one myrMA molecule and α-helices I–II, as well as the 310 helix of a myrMA molecule from an adjacent trimer. We provide evidence that substitution of MA residues Leu13 and Leu31, previously shown to have adverse effects on Env incorporation, induced a conformational change in myrMA, which may destabilize the trimer–trimer interactions within the lattice. We also show that PI(4,5)P2 is capable of binding to alternating sites on MA, consistent with an MA–membrane binding mechanism during assembly of the immature particle and upon maturation. Altogether, these findings advance our understanding of a key mechanism in HIV-1 particle assembly.
Bi_3Fe_5O_12: Dy_2O_3 composite thin film materials for magneto-photonics and magneto-plasmonics (2014)

Large Faraday rotations, when achieved simultaneously with low optical losses, lead to obtaining high magneto-optic (MO) figures of merit in bismuth-substituted garnet-type material systems. Demonstrating high MO figures of merit typically requires the synthesis of garnet materials with high bismuth substitution levels (close to 3 Bi atoms per stoichiometric formula unit). In our previous experiments, garnet layers sputtered from a target of nominal stoichiometry Bi3Fe5O12 in pure argon atmosphere showed negligible amounts of specific Faraday rotation after annealing, in contrast with results reported typically for pulsed laser deposition of this material in plasma chemistries containing oxygen. We co-sputter Bi3Fe5O12 together with Dy2O3 in pure argon plasma, and obtain the garnet-type composite thin films on glass substrates possessing a specific Faraday rotation in garnet-Dy2O3 composite films in excess of 14°/μm at 532 nm and a coercive force as low as 100 Oe.
Towards a navigation system for autonomous indoor flying (2009)

Recently there has been increasing research on the development of autonomous flying vehicles.Whereas most of the proposed approaches are suitable for outdoor operation, only a few techniques have been designed for indoor environments. In this paper we present a general system consisting of sensors and algorithms which enables a small sized flying vehicle to operate indoors. This is done by adapting techniques which have been successfully applied on ground robots. We released our system as open-source with the intention to provide the community with a new framework for building applications for indoor flying robots. We present a set of experiments to validate our system on an open source quadrotor.
A proposed test of some people's ability to sense wind turbines without hearing or seeing them (2015)

Around the world, there are people that allege they sense times when significant power is being generated by a turbine from when little to no power is being generated. In contrast, the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) and its Canadian counterpart (CanWEA) maintain that this is not possible, without these people hearing the turbines or seeing them move. A simple test can quickly clarify these opposing views. Notionally, people who live in residences situated beyond the threshold of hearing (indoors) would be tested in the area that they can sense the wind turbines. They would be told to tell the proctor when they sensed the turbine at power. They would be told the turbine might or might not be turned on in the next X hours. The area of the house they were in would have to be free of any visible or audible clues. No communication would be permitted between the subject and the outside world. The proctor also would not know when or if the turbine would come on. These and other controls like these would make for a quick, simple, unbiased test of some people’s ability to sense wind turbines without hearing or seeing them.
220 Combinatorial search of amorphous alloys for advanced optical element forming die (2006)

This paper reports combinatorial search of novel amorphous alloy for advanced optical element (such as aspheric glass lens with diffraction grating etc.) forming die. Required properties of the amorphous alloy are as follows ; (a) the amorphous alloy film can be fabricated thickness more than 50μm on blank die. (b) Even if die of the amorphous alloy forms on a glass in air, the alloy do not crystallize and oxidize, and don't adhere to the glass. (c) Ultra-precision machining (surface roughness under 30nm Rmax) by single-point diamond machining (SPDM) is applicable to the alloy. (d) The fracture strength is more than 0.6GPa at least. To search the novel amorphous alloy, we employ combinatorial arc plasma deposition (CAPD). Pt-Hf-Zr-Ni amorphous alloy was picked out from over 25,000 samples using CAPD. The alloy filled the request and it succeeded in fabricating an advanced optical element forming die by SPDM.
Hypernetwork approach to generating point clouds (2020)

In this work, we propose a novel method for generating 3D point clouds that leverage properties of hyper networks. Contrary to the existing methods that learn only the representation of a 3D object, our approach simultaneously finds a representation of the object and its 3D surface. The main idea of our HyperCloud method is to build a hyper network that returns weights of a particular neural network (target network) trained to map points from a uniform unit ball distribution into a 3D shape. As a consequence, a particular 3D shape can be generated using point-by-point sampling from the assumed prior distribution and transforming sampled points with the target network. Since the hyper network is based on an auto-encoder architecture trained to reconstruct realistic 3D shapes, the target network weights can be considered a parametrization of the surface of a 3D shape, and not a standard representation of point cloud usually returned by competitive approaches. The proposed architecture allows finding mesh-based representation of 3D objects in a generative manner while providing point clouds en pair in quality with the state-of-the-art methods.
Schizophrenia Phenomenology Comprises a Bifactorial General Severity and a Single-group Factor, Which Are Differently Associated with Neurotoxic Immune and Immune-regulatory Pathways (2019)

In schizophrenia, a single latent trait underlies psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, negative (PHEMN) symptoms, formal thought disorders (FTD) and psychomotor retardation (PMR). Schizophrenia is accompanied by a breakdown of gut and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) pathways, increased tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) levels, bacterial translocation, and lowered natural IgM and paraoxonase (PON)1 activity. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure of schizophrenia symptom domains and the biomarker correlates of these factors. We recruited 80 patients with schizophrenia and 40 healthy subjects and assessed the IgA/IgM responses to paracellular/transcellular (PARA/TRANS) ratios, IgA responses to TRYCATs, natural IgM to malondialdehyde and Gram-negative bacteria, and PON1 enzymatic activity.Direct Hierarchical Exploratory Factor Analysis showed a bifactorial oblique model with a) a general factor which loaded highly on all symptom domains, named overall severity of schizophrenia (&amp;ldquo;OSOS&amp;rdquo;); and b) a single-group factor (SGF) loading on negative symptoms and PMR. We found that 40% of the variance in the OSOS score was explained by IgA/IgM to PARA/TRANS ratio, male sex and education while 36.9% of the variance in SGF score was explained by IgA to PARA/TRANS, IgM to Gram-negative bacteria, female sex (positively associated) and IgM to MDA, and PON1 activity (negatively associated). Schizophrenia phenomenology comprises two biologically-validated dimensions, namely a general OSOS dimension and a single-group negative symptom dimension, which are associated with a breakdown of gut/BBB barriers, increased bacterial translocation and lowered protection against oxidation, inflammation and bacterial infections through lowered PON1 and natural IgM.
Design of a Well-Defined Polyrotaxane Structure on a Glassy Polymer Surface (2017)

The polymer dynamics at the water interface play a crucial role in the manifestation of biorelated functions. One of the strategies for this is to form inclusion complexes of polymer chains with cyclic compounds. However, such an idea has been limited to bulk materials so far. Here we propose a preparation pathway for a polyrotaxane structure composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and α-cyclodextrin (CD) at the outermost surface of a glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) film on the basis of the combination of a click reaction and the Langmuir-Blodgett method. The chain motion of PEO at the water interface could be regulated by threading of CD molecules on PEO and thereby the biological responses such as protein adsorption and platelet adhesion altered depending on the extent of complexation.
Integrating Domain and Paradigmatic Similarity for Unsupervised Sense Tagging (2006)

An unsupervised methodology for Word Sense Disambiguation, called Dynamic Domain Sense Tagging, is presented. It relies on the convergence of two very well known unsupervised approaches (i.e. Domain Driven Disambiguation and Conceptual Density). For each target word a domain is dynamically modeled by expanding the its topical context, i.e. a set of words evoking the underlying/implict domain where the word is located. The estimation of the paradigmatic similarity within such a specific lexicon is assumed as a disambiguation model. The Conceptual Density measure is here used to account for paradigmatic associations, and the top scored senses of the target word are selected accordingly. Results confirm the impact of domain based representation in capturing useful paradigmatic generalizations, especially when small text fragments are available. In addition, the precision/recall tradeoff of the resulting method can be tuned in a meaningful way, allowing us to achieve impressively high precision scores in a purely unsupervised setting.
Comparison of three reagents for detecting indole production by anaerobic bacteria in microtest systems (1983)

Three reagents for detecting indole, Kovac, Ehrlich, and p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMCA), were evaluated with commercial microtest systems for characterizing and identifying anaerobic bacteria. The DMCA reagent, the most sensitive of the three reagents, gave a positive reaction with 445 of 449 strains of various indole-producing anaerobic bacteria. There was 99.6% agreement between the results obtained with the DMCA in the microtest systems and results using the conventional tube test to detect indole by using xylene extraction and Ehrlich reagent. Ehrlich reagent detected indole in 163 of 176 (92.6%) indole-positive strains when the inoculum was overlaid with mineral oil before incubation. Kovac reagent was the least sensitive of the reagents tested. When the inoculum was overlaid with mineral oil, Kovac reagent detected only 80 of 108 (74.0%) of indole-positive strains. In addition to being the most sensitive reagent for detection indole, DMCA also allowed detection of indole derivatives (skatole, 3-indolepropionic acid, and 3-indolebutyric acid) produced by some clostridia.