gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terahertz laser spectroscopy of the water dimer intermolecular vibrations. I. (D2O)2 (2000)

Terahertz laser VRT spectra of the water dimer consisting of 731 transitions measured with an average precision of 2 MHz and involving four (D2O)2 intermolecular vibrations (one previously published) have been measured between 65 and 104 cm−1. The precisely determined energy level patterns differ both qualitatively and quantitatively from the predictions of several dimer potentials tested, and reveal an ordering of the intermolecular vibrations which differs dramatically from that predicted by standard normal mode analysis. Strong coupling is indicated between the low barrier tunneling motions and the intermolecular vibrations as well as among different vibrations. Particularly, the 83 cm−1 (acceptor wag) and 90 cm−1 (D2O)2 (acceptor twist) vibrations interact through a Coriolis perturbation. These spectra provide the basis for our recent determination of the water pair potential. The corresponding data set for (H2O)2 is presented in an accompanying paper.
Chromatin analysis of occluded genes (2009)

We recently described two opposing states of transcriptional competency. One is termed 'competent' whereby a gene is capable of responding to trans-acting transcription factors of the cell, such that it is active if appropriate transcriptional activators are present, though it can also be silent if activators are absent or repressors are present. The other is termed 'occluded' whereby a gene is silenced by cis-acting, chromatin-based mechanisms in a manner that blocks it from responding to trans-acting factors, such that it is silent even when activators are present in the cellular milieu. We proposed that gene occlusion is a mechanism by which differentiated cells stably maintain their phenotypic identities. Here, we describe chromatin analysis of occluded genes. We found that DNA methylation plays a causal role in maintaining occlusion for a subset of occluded genes. We further examined a variety of other chromatin marks typically associated with transcriptional silencing, including histone variants, covalent histone modifications and chromatin-associated proteins. Surprisingly, we found that although many of these marks are robustly linked to silent genes (which include both occluded genes and genes that are competent but silent), none is linked specifically to occluded genes. Although the observation does not rule out a possible causal role of these chromatin marks in occlusion, it does suggest that these marks might be secondary effect rather than primary cause of the silent state in many genes.
The Dehydration of Ketohexoses into 5-Chloromethyl-2-furaldehyde. The Isolation of Diketohexose Dianhydrides (1984)

Abstract The isolation of diketohexose dianhydrides, produced during the dehydration of d(−)-fructose and l(−)-sorbose with concentrated hydrochloric acid, in a mixture containing water, an organic solvent and a catalytic amount of a surface-active agent is described.
Adaptive-mixture-categorization (AMC)-based g-computation and its application to trace element mixtures and bladder cancer risk (2022)

Several new statistical methods have been developed to identify the overall impact of an exposure mixture on health outcomes. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression assigns the joint mixture effect weights to indicate the overall association of multiple exposures, and quantile-based g-computation is a generalized version of WQS without the restriction of directional homogeneity. This paper proposes an adaptive-mixture-categorization (AMC)-based g-computation approach that combines g-computation with an optimal exposure categorization search using the F statistic. AMC-based g-computation reduces variance within each category and retains the variance between categories to build more powerful predictors. In a simulation study, the performance of association analysis was improved using categorizing by AMC compared with quantiles. We applied this method to assess the association between a mixture of 12 trace element concentrations measured from toenails and the risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Our findings suggested that medium-level (116.7-145.5 μg/g) vs. low-level (39.5-116.2 μg/g) of toenail zinc had a statistically significant positive association with bladder cancer risk.
Peptidomics of CNS‐associated neurohemal systems of adult Drosophila melanogaster: A mass spectrometric survey of peptides from individual flies (2004)

Neuropeptides are important messenger molecules that influence nearly all physiological processes. In insects, they can be released as neuromodulators within the central nervous system (CNS) or as neurohormones into the hemolymph. We analyzed the peptidome of neurohormonal release sites and associated secretory peptidergic neurons of adult Drosophila melanogaster. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analyzes were performed on single organs or cell cluster from individual flies. This first peptidomic characterization in adult fruit flies revealed 32 different neuropeptides. Peptides not directly predictable from previously cloned or annotated precursor genes were sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry. These peptides turned out to be either intermediate products of neuropeptide processing or shorter versions of known peptides. We found that the peptidome of the CNS-associated neurohemal organs is tagma-specific in Drosophila. Abdominal neurohemal organs and their supplying peptidergic neurons contain the capa gene products periviscerokinins and pyrokinin-1, thoracic neurohemal organs contain FMRFamides, and the neurohemal release sites of the brain contain pyrokinin-1(2-15), pyrokinin-2, corazonin, myosuppressin, and sNPF as their major putative release products. Our results show that peptidomic approaches are well suited to study differential neuropeptide expression or posttranslational modifications in morphologically defined parts of the nervous system and in a developmental and physiological context in animals as small as Drosophila melanogaster.
A Parallel Speed and Rotor Time Constant Identification Scheme for Indirect Field Oriented Induction Motor Drives (2015)

Rotor time constant identification is necessary for high-performance indirect field oriented control of induction motor drives. Meanwhile, speed sensorless technique has many advantages such as low cost and reduced hardware complexity. In recent years, the estimation methods for motor speed have respectively grown to maturity, but the research in the identification of rotor time constant remains to be extended. In this paper, an online scheme for parallel motor speed and rotor time constant identification is proposed according to parameter features, with the operating frequencies of all modules carefully considered. First, the speed is estimated via rotor slot harmonic extraction technique. On the premise of estimated speed, a derivative form of induction motor model is proposed for rotor time constant identification, which overcomes the problems of pure integration in rotor flux calculation. Correspondingly, instead of rotor flux, derivative rotor flux is used in the proposed model. Finally, an adjusted particle swarm optimization method is utilized on the proposed model to track the rotor time constant. The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme have been validated experimentally.
The upGREAT Dual Frequency Heterodyne Arrays for SOFIA (2018)

We present the performance of the upGREAT heterodyne array receivers on the SOFIA telescope after several years of operations. This instrument is a multi-pixel high resolution ([Formula: see text]) spectrometer for the Stratospheric Observatory for Far-Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). The receivers use 7-pixel subarrays configured in a hexagonal layout around a central pixel. The low frequency array receiver (LFA) has [Formula: see text] pixels (dual polarization), and presently covers the 1.83–2.07[Formula: see text]THz frequency range, which allows to observe the [CII] and [OI] lines at 158[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and 145[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m wavelengths. The high frequency array (HFA) covers the [OI] line at 63[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and is equipped with one polarization at the moment (7 pixels, which can be upgraded in the near future with a second polarization array). The 4.7[Formula: see text]THz array has successfully flown using two separate quantum-cascade laser local oscillators from two different groups. NASA completed the development, integration and testing of a dual-channel closed-cycle cryocooler system, with two independently operable He compressors, aboard SOFIA in early 2017 and since then, both arrays can be operated in parallel using a frequency separating dichroic mirror. This configuration is now the prime GREAT configuration and has been added to SOFIA’s instrument suite since observing cycle 6.
Visible Light Emission from SiOx Films Synthesized by Laser Ablation (1996)

We have developed a method for synthesizing SiO x films with visible light emission, applying a laser ablation technique. The films were formed by depositing laser-ablated silicon particles in oxygen gas diluted with helium gas. Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that the composition of the film is controlled by the total pressure of the gas. Films with particular composition exhibit intense red photoluminescence with a peak below 1.5 eV after annealing in argon gas at 1000°C. In addition to this, most of the films exhibit 2.2-eV photoluminescence after annealing at 500°C. On the basis of these results, the origin of the photoluminescence is discussed.
Fabricating binary anti-corrosion structures containing superhydrophobic surfaces and sturdy barrier layers for Al alloys (2016)

The synergetic effect between the superhydrophobic surface and the barrier layer of anodic oxidation film make Al alloys show excellent anti-corrosion performance.
The effect of simulated scotomas on visual search in normal subjects. (1988)

A simulated scotoma was stabilized on the fovea of 23 normal human subjects while they searched for acuity targets in arrays of non-targets. Search time doubled with a 20 min arc scotoma, and eye fixation duration increased by about 15% when compared to no-scotoma control conditions. Search difficulty was graded by adjusting acuity target size, search element density and contrast. Search time and eye fixation duration generally increased with display difficulty in no-scotoma conditions. Results are discussed in terms of sensory loss and motor disruption due to the simulated scotoma. The simulated scotoma method may be useful in studying adaptation to visual field loss in patient populations where the size, position and severity of the scotoma can be controlled.
Effects of Silica on the Combustion Synthesis and Glass Formation of TiB 2 ‐Containing Calcium Aluminate Matrix Composites (2005)

Combustion synthesis has been used to study the combustion characteristics and microstructure in the TiB 2 –CaO–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 system. Both the combustion temperature and wave velocity decreased with an increase in the amount of silica. The reacted product consisted of solid crystalline TiB 2 phase and CaO–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 matrix. No significant reaction between the TiB 2 and the matrix was observed. It was found that the binary calcium aluminate matrix (Ca 12 Al 7 O 33 and CaAl 2 O 4 compounds) could form amorphous phase (glass) at a high cooling rate. Under a normal cooling rate, significant formation of glass in the matrix was found possible only by adding another glass‐former, e.g., silica (SiO 2 ). The addition of SiO 2 led to the formation of Gehelenite, to the reduction of the other crystal phases and to an increase in the glass phase in the matrix. A pure glass matrix was obtained for all compositions in the composition range from Ca 12 Al 7 O 33 to CaAl 2 O 4 compounds provided that an adequate amount of SiO 2 was added. The resulting glass matrix can be expressed by the formula Ca 2 (Si x Al 1− x ) 3 O, where x =0.32–0.58, depending on the composition. Effects of the TiB 2 phase on the combustion synthesis process and on the microstructure are also discussed. TiB 2 increased the reactivity and led to the formation of the molten matrix which was critical for glass formation. However, its effects on the vitrification of the matrix was considered to be minimum. The mechanism of glass formation in the matrix is discussed using the Zachariasen–Warren network theory.
Analysis of Braking Behavior of Train Drivers to Detect Unusual Driving (2010)

The safety devices for train systems are activated in emergency situations when a risk becomes obvious, and the emergency brake is applied. If such systems are faulty, the drivers' operating errors may cause immediate accidents. So it is necessary to evaluate potential risks by detecting improper driving behavior before overt risks appear. This study analyzes the driving behavior of train drivers using a train-driving simulator. We focus on braking behavior when approaching a station. Two methods for detecting unusual braking operation are examined by giving drivers mental calculation problems as a mental workload. The first is a method monitoring the driver's brake handle operation, and the second is a method measuring vehicle deceleration. These methods make it possible to detect unusual driving.
Scalar Polarization Fringes Produced by the Superposition of Crystalline Plates (1944)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Bruce H. Billings, "Scalar Polarization Fringes Produced by the Superposition of Crystalline Plates," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 34, 267-269 (1944) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Dysphagia due to anterior cervical osteophytosis: case report (2014)

The objective of this study is to highlight the possibility of dysphagia induced by anterior cervical osteophytes. When not diagnosed early this condition may be responsible for complications such as severe dysphagia and potential lung aspiration, especially in elderly patients. Analysis of a case report of a 72-year old woman who presented cervical pain and progressive dysphagia. Imaging studies have shown anterior cervical osteophytosis and multilevel degenerative changes in the cervical spine. The patient underwent surgical excision of the cervical anterior osteophytes (C4, C5 and C6) and C5/C6 arthrodesis through anterior approach. The postoperative period was uneventful and symptoms resolved within 2 weeks. Early diagnosis and treatment led to complete resolution, avoiding late and serious complications associated with this pathology in the geriatric population, especially severe and progressive dysphagia and risk of pulmonary aspiration, and the consequent morbidity and mortality associated. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for the correct assessment of this condition
Exploiting Algebraic and Structural Complexity for Single Snapshot Computed Tomography Hyperspectral Imaging Systems (2015)

This paper presents strategies for spectral de- noising of hyperspectral images and 3-D data cube reconstruction from a limited number of tomographic measurements, arising in single snapshot imaging systems. For de-noising the main idea is to exploit the incoherency between the algebraic complexity measure, namely the low rank of the noise-free hyperspectral data cube, and the sparsity structure of the spectral noise. In particular, the non-noisy spectral data, when stacked across the spectral dimension, exhibits low-rank due to a small number of species. On the other hand, under the same representation, the spectral noise exhibits a banded structure. Motivated by this we show that the de-noised spectral data and the unknown spectral noise and the respective bands can be simultaneously estimated through the use of a low-rank and simultaneous sparse minimization operation without prior knowledge of the noisy bands. This result is novel for hyperspectral imaging applications and we compare our results with several existing methods for noisy band recovery. For recovery under limited tomographic projections we exploit both the low algebraic and structural complexity of the data cube via joint rank penalization plus Total Variation/wavelet domain sparsity, which is novel for single snapshot hyperspectral imaging systems. We combine these two approaches for simultaneous spectral de-noising and data cube recovery under limited measurements. We perform extensive simulations and our main result indicates that exploiting both low algebraic and structural complexity has a superior performance compared to exploiting only the structural complexity. To address the computational challenges associated with the resulting optimization problem we adapt several recent developments in the area of convex optimization, specifically employing splitting and proximal point based methods.
Molecular MRI of the Immuno-Metabolic Interplay in a Rabbit Liver Tumor Model: A Biomarker for Resistance Mechanisms in Tumor-targeted Therapy? (2020)

Background The immuno-metabolic interplay has gained interest for determining and targeting immunosuppressive tumor micro-environments that remain a barrier to current immuno-oncologic therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma. Purpose To develop molecular MRI tools to reveal resistance mechanisms to immuno-oncologic therapies caused by the immuno-metabolic interplay in a translational liver cancer model. Materials and Methods A total of 21 VX2 liver tumor-bearing New Zealand white rabbits were used between October 2018 and February 2020. Rabbits were divided into three groups. Group A (<i>n</i> = 3) underwent intra-arterial infusion of gadolinium 160 (<sup>160</sup>Gd)-labeled anti-human leukocyte antigen-DR isotope (HLA-DR) antibodies to detect antigen-presenting immune cells. Group B (<i>n</i> = 3) received rhodamine-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) intravenously to detect macrophages. These six rabbits underwent 3-T MRI, including T1- and T2-weighted imaging, before and 24 hours after contrast material administration. Group C (<i>n</i> = 15) underwent extracellular pH mapping with use of MR spectroscopy. Of those 15 rabbits, six underwent conventional transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), four underwent conventional TACE with extracellular pH-buffering bicarbonate, and five served as untreated controls. MRI signal intensity distribution was validated by using immunohistochemistry staining of HLA-DR and CD11b, Prussian blue iron staining, fluorescence microscopy of rhodamine, and imaging mass cytometry (IMC) of gadolinium. Statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results T1-weighted MRI with <sup>160</sup>Gd-labeled antibodies revealed localized peritumoral ring enhancement, which corresponded to gadolinium distribution detected with IMC. T2-weighted MRI with SPIONs showed curvilinear signal intensity representing selective peritumoral deposition in macrophages. Extracellular pH-specific MR spectroscopy of untreated liver tumors showed acidosis (mean extracellular pH, 6.78 ± 0.09) compared with liver parenchyma (mean extracellular pH, 7.18 ± 0.03) (<i>P</i> = .008) and peritumoral immune cell exclusion. Normalization of tumor extracellular pH (mean, 6.96 ± 0.05; <i>P</i> = .02) using bicarbonate during TACE increased peri- and intratumoral immune cell infiltration (<i>P</i> = .002). Conclusion MRI in a rabbit liver tumor model was used to visualize resistance mechanisms mediated by the immuno-metabolic interplay that inform susceptibility and response to immuno-oncologic therapies, providing a therapeutic strategy to restore immune permissiveness in liver cancer. © RSNA, 2020 <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i>
Articulatory Feature Classification using Surface Electromyography (2006)

In this paper, we present an approach for articulatory feature classification based on surface electromyographic signals generated by the facial muscles. With parallel recorded audible speech and electromyographic signals, experiments are conducted to show the anticipatory behavior of electromyographic signals with respect to speech signals. On average, we found that the signals to be time delayed by 0.02 to 0.12 second. Furthermore, it is shown that different articulators have different anticipatory behavior. With offset-aligned signals, we improved the average F-score of the articulatory feature classifiers in our baseline system from 0.467 to 0.502.
Increased Expression of Specific Thioredoxin Family Proteins; A Pilot Immunohistochemical Study on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2007)

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide, however, prognosis remains poor following its discovery. We investigate the Thioredoxin superfamily of proteins as diagnostic markers for HCC. Furthermore, we delineate possible roles of the endoplasmic reticulum member of the superfamily, ERdj5, in carcinogenesis. Using antibodies against Thioredoxin 1, Thioredoxin Reductase 1 and ERdj5, we performed immunohistochemistry on paraffin embedded liver biopsy sections from HCC patients. All three redox proteins exhibited elevated expression levels in tumor tissue compared to internal control, with ERdj5 showing a remarkable 3-fold increase. In vitro cell viability experiments using Hepatocellular Carcinoma HuH7 cells treated with ERdj5 small interfering RNA showed that ERdj5 knockdown cells exhibited less resistance to Doxorubicin (chemotherapy drug), but more resistance to Tunicamycin (Endoplasmic Stress inducer), compared to control cells. In conclusion, we introduce members of the Thioredoxin superfamily as possible immunohistochemical markers in the diagnostics of hepatocellular carcinoma and indicate a potential defensive role for ERdj5 in chemotherapeutic drug resistance.
Novel Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguides with Enhanced Field Confinement for Microwave-Frequency Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filters (2018)

In this paper, a novel planar waveguide based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) using fish-bone corrugated slot structure is first proposed in the microwave region. Low-dispersion band can be realized by such structure with tight field confinement of SSPPs, resulting in size miniaturization of the proposed waveguide. The high frequency stopband of the proposed ultra-wideband bandpass filter (BPF) is created by using this proposed waveguide, while the low frequency stopband is properly designed through introducing the microstrip-to-slotline transition. The 2-D E-fields distribution, surface current flow, and energy flow patterns are all calculated and illustrated to demonstrate the electromagnetic (EM) characteristics of the proposed ultra-wideband BPF. The BPF tuning characteristics is explored to provide a guideline for facilitating the design process. To validate the predicted performance, the proposed filter is finally designed, fabricated, and measured. Measured results illustrate high performance of the filter, in which the reflection coefficient is better than -10 dB from 2.1 to 8 GHz with the smallest insertion loss of 0.37 dB at 4.9 GHz, showing good agreement with numerical simulations. The proposed surface plasmon polariton waveguides are believed to be significantly promising for further developing plasmonic functional devices and integrated 2-D circuits with enhanced confinement of SSPPs in microwave and even terahertz bands.
Code Comparisons of Factor Design for Wood (1981)

The formulation of an alternate methodology for the design of wood structural members is described. Load and resistance factors are developed to convert existing code requirements into a limits states design format. Comparisons of the resulting factors are obtained by examining existing codes from several European countries as well as the National Design Specification of the United States. Current factors vary significantly. Use of the load and resistance format for design of wood structures is propose, based on further studies using probability-based criteria.