gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cervical interfacet spacers and maintenance of cervical lordosis (2015)

OBJECT The cervical interfacet spacer (CIS) is a relatively new technology that can increase foraminal height and area by facet distraction. These offer the potential to provide indirect neuroforaminal decompression while simultaneously enhancing fusion potential due to the relatively large osteoconductive surface area and compressive forces exerted on the grafts. These potential benefits, along with the relative ease of implantation during posterior cervical fusion procedures, make the CIS an attractive adjuvant in the management of cervical pathology. One concern with the use of interfacet spacers is the theoretical risk of inducing iatrogenic kyphosis. This work tests the hypothesis that interfacet spacers are associated with loss of cervical lordosis. METHODS Records from patients undergoing posterior cervical fusion at Rush University Medical Center between March 2011 and December 2012 were reviewed. The FacetLift CISs were used in all patients. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic data were reviewed and the Ishihara indices and cervical lordotic angles were measured and recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA software. RESULTS A total of 64 patients were identified in whom 154 cervical levels were implanted with machined allograft interfacet spacers. Of these, 15 patients underwent anterior-posterior fusions, 4 underwent anterior-posterior-anterior fusions, and the remaining 45 patients underwent posterior-only fusions. In the 45 patients with posterior-only fusions, a total of 110 levels were treated with spacers. There were 14 patients (31%) with a single level treated, 16 patients (36%) with two levels treated, 5 patients (11%) with three levels treated, 5 patients (11%) with four levels treated, 1 patient (2%) with five levels treated, and 4 patients (9%) with six levels treated. Complete radiographic data were available in 38 of 45 patients (84%). On average, radiographic follow-up was obtained at 256.9 days (range 48-524 days). There was no significant difference in the Ishihara index (5.76 preoperatively and 6.17 postoperatively, p = 0.8037). The analysis had 80% power to detect a change of 4.25 in the Ishihara index at p = 0.05. There was no significant difference in the preand postoperative cervical lordotic angles (35.6° preoperatively and 33.6° postoperatively, p = 0.2678). The analysis had 80% power to detect a 7° change in the cervical lordotic angle at p = 0.05. The ANOVA of the Ishihara index and cervical lordotic angle did not show a statistically significant difference in degree of change in cervical lordosis among patients with a different number of levels of CIS insertion (p = 0.25 and p = 0.96, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In the authors' experience of placing CISs in more than 100 levels, they found no evidence of significant loss of cervical lordosis. The long-term impacts of these implants on fusion rates and clinical outcomes (particularly radiculopathy and postoperative C-5 palsies) remain active areas of interest and fertile ground for further studies.
Synthesis of tachrosin, a natural flavone substituted by a novel furanoid ring system (1974)

Tachrosin, 5,7-dimethoxy-8-( 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxofuran-4-y1)flavone (1), was synthesised using the oxidative rearrangement of a 5-aryl-2-hydroxy-pent-4-en-3-one (2) with Tl(NO3)3 in methanol to a 4-aryl-5-methoxytetrahydrofuran-3-one (3) followed by elimination of the elements of methanol to form the dihydrofuranone ring.
The Potential for Clomazone Use in Rice (Oryza Sativa) (1999)

Clomazone was applied preplant incorporated, preemergence, delayed preemergence, or postemergence and compared to pendimethalin, quinclorac, and thiobencarb for control of barnyardgrass in rice. Seven days after the clomazone postemergence application, all clomazone treatments except those applied postemergence controlled barnyardgrass ≥ 86%. At 49 d after the postemergence application, control of barnyardgrass with 0.56 and 0.67 kg/ha clomazone postemergence improved to 92 and 93%, respectively. Clomazone and quinclorac applied delayed preemergence generally controlled barnyardgrass less than 70%. Visible injury to rice was ≤ 18% 7 d after emergence and had declined to less than 10% when evaluated 7 d after postemergence treatments. Rice yields were higher with all treatments compared to the nontreated control.
Opposing, spatially-determined epigenetic forces impose restrictions on stochastic olfactory receptor choice (2023)

Olfactory receptor (OR) choice represents an example of genetically hardwired stochasticity, where every olfactory neuron expresses one out of ~2000 OR alleles in a probabilistic, yet stereotypic fashion. Here, we propose that topographic restrictions in OR expression are established in neuronal progenitors by two opposing forces: polygenic transcription and genomic silencing, both of which are influenced by dorsoventral gradients of transcription factors NFIA, B, and X. Polygenic transcription of OR genes may define spatially constrained OR repertoires, among which one OR allele is selected for singular expression later in development. Heterochromatin assembly and genomic compartmentalization of OR alleles also vary across the axes of the olfactory epithelium and may preferentially eliminate ectopically expressed ORs with more dorsal expression destinations from this "privileged" repertoire. Our experiments identify early transcription as a potential "epigenetic" contributor to future developmental patterning and reveal how two spatially responsive probabilistic processes may act in concert to establish deterministic, precise, and reproducible territories of stochastic gene expression.
Knowledge-based multiple access protocol in broadband wireless ATM networks (2003)

We propose a knowledge-based multiple access protocol for the extension of wireline ATM to wireless networks. The objective is to enable efficient transmission of all kinds of ATM traffic in the wireless channel with guaranteed QoS. The proposed protocol utilizes knowledge of the main characteristics of the traffic for allocating bandwidth efficiently to CBR, VBR and ABR/UBR connections by a compromise of assignment, contention, reservation and polling access techniques. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can achieve a very high channel utilization of 90% while providing guaranteed QoS requirements to a variety of ATM applications.
Genome Sequence of Jumbo Phage vB_AbaM_ME3 of Acinetobacter baumanni (2016)

Bacteriophage (phage) vB_AbaM_ME3 was previously isolated from wastewater effluent using the propagating host Acinetobacter baumannii DSM 30007. The full genome was sequenced, revealing it to be the largest Acinetobacter bacteriophage sequenced to date with a size of 234,900 bp and containing 326 open reading frames (ORFs).
In-Vitro Testing of Simultaneous Charge Injection and Recovery in a Retinal Neuroprosthesis (2005)

In order to deliver sufficient phosphene quantities to convey effective vision in a prosthesis device, simultaneous stimuli is necessary. We present in vitro experimental results of the current distribution between stimulation sites during simultaneous stimulation of platinum electrodes immersed in physiological saline. Stimuli were delivered using circuitry that utilizes (a) current source only, (b) current sink only, and (c) the combination of a balanced current source and current sink, to deliver and recover balanced charge at each stimulation site. The results from these experiments support our decision to implement balanced combined current source and current sink circuitry in an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
Design-as-a-Service Framework for Enabling Innovations in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (2022)

Abstract Modern manufacturing enterprises must be agile to cope with sudden demand changes arising from increased global competition, geopolitical factors, and unforeseen circumstances such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector lack agility due to lower penetration of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT), the inability to employ highly skilled human capital, and the absence of a formal innovation ecosystem for new products or solutions. In recent years, Cloud-based Design and Manufacturing (CBDM) has emerged as an enabler for product realization by integrating various service-based models. However, the existing framework does not thoroughly support the innovation ecosystem from concept to product realization by formally addressing economic challenges and human skillset requirements. The present work considers the augmentation of the Design-as-a-Service (DaaS) model into the existing CBDM framework for enabling systematic product innovations. The DaaS model proposes to connect skilled human resources with enterprises interested in transforming an idea into a product or solution through the CBDM framework. The model presents an approach for integrating human resources with various CBDM elements and end-users through a service-based model. The challenges associated with successfully implementing the proposed model are also discussed. It is established that the DaaS has the potential for rapid and economical product discovery and can be readily accessible to SMEs or independent individuals.
Electrical excitation and optical detection of ultrasounds in PZT based piezoelectric transducers (2011)

The displacement response of piezoelectric PZT thick films fabricated by means of electrophoretic deposition and laid down an alumina substrate is investigated using coherent optical detection. According to thickness properties determined by electrical impedance measurements, the film presents a resonance around 40 MHz. Other resonance peaks are observed that correspond to eigen modes of the film substrate couple structure. Uniformity of the response of the integrated structure is studied across the surface of the sample when excited by either a continuous or impulse electrical voltage. Results on the amplitude of the detected signal versus the frequency and the input excitation voltage are reported. The optical detection used in these experiments is complementary to conventional techniques of characterization of piezoelectric devices such as electrical impedance measurements and allows getting information on the displacement response of the device.
Two-year Follow-up Study of a Patient with Parkinson's Disease and Severe Motor Fluctuations Treated by Co-grafts of Adrenal Medulla and Peripheral Nerve into Bilateral Caudate Nuclei (1995)

We performed co-grafts of adrenal medulla and peripheral nerve into the bilateral caudate nuclei of a 43-year-old patient with advanced Parkinson's disease who showed severe daily motor fluctuations before surgery. There were no postoperative complications, and a 2-year follow-up result is presented. The patient showed a gradual and significant amelioration of the parkinsonian symptoms starting 2 weeks after transplantation. The alleviation of akinesia during "off" periods was the most apparent clinical improvement and continued for 2 years after surgery. The dosage of L-dopa/benserazide was significantly reduced after surgery compared with that before surgery. The results indicate that co-grafts of adrenal medulla with peripheral nerve may be useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease in the long term.
Stage- and ribosome-specific alterations in nascent chain-Sec61p interactions accompany translocation across the ER membrane. (1995)

Near-neighbor interactions between translocating nascent chains and Sec61p were investigated by chemical cross-linking. At stages of translocation before signal sequence cleavage, nascent chains could be cross-linked to Sec61p at high (60-80%) efficiencies. Cross-linking occurred through the signal sequence and the mature portion of wild-type and signal cleavage mutant nascent chains. At later stages of translocation, as represented through truncated translocation intermediates, cross-linking to Sec61p was markedly reduced. Dissociation of the ribosome into its large and small subunits after assembly of the precursor into the translocon, but before cross-linking, resulted in a dramatic reduction in subsequent cross-linking yield, indicating that at early stages of translocation, nascent chain-Sec61p interactions are in part mediated through interactions of the ribosome with components of the ER membrane, such as Sec61p. Dissociation of the ribosome was, however, without effect on subsequent translocation. These results are discussed with respect to a model in which Sec61p performs a function essential for the initiation of protein translocation.
Commentary (2015)

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC [email protected] Received April 27, 2015, and accepted for publication, after revision May 1, 2015. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared.
Concepts of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (1994)

The concept of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) was developed in the late 1960s, primarily for use in cardiogenic shock. Since that time, many published reports have documented the efficacy of this mechanical assist device in an expanding number of clinical situations. Research has shown that intraaortic balloon counterpulsation increases coronary flow velocity and decreases afterload, thus favorably affecting myocardial oxygen supply and demand. This article offers a review of the concepts and mechanics of IABC, as well as current indications and contraindications for use. The nurse must be able to recognize and address potential complications to ensure positive patient outcomes.
Stress Corrosion Cracking Sensitivity of Super Martensitic Stainless Steels in High Chloride Concentration Environment (2004)

Abstract It has been reported that the super martensitic stainless steel welded joints may be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in CO2 environment at elevated temperatures. In this investigation, the effect of the welding conditions on SCC sensitivity of super martensitic stainless steel was investigated with the welded joints by Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). The GMAW as welded sample suffered SCC in the heat affected zone (HAZ), however, no SCC was observed in the GMAW with the post weld heat treatment (PWHT) sample, GTAW as welded sample and GTAW with PWHT sample. The difference of the crack sensitivity in HAZ depends on welding conditions was recognized, therefore, the factors relating to crack initiation were investigated based on the TEM analysis. TEM analysis was carried out to confirm the existing of Cr-carbide at the grain boundary in HAZ, and TEM/EDS analysis with FIB was also carried out to examine the Cr distribution under the oxide layer in the surface area of HAZ. No Cr carbide was observed in HAZ of both GMAW and GTAW with or without PWHT. The Cr depleted zone near the grain boundary in the vicinity of the surface oxide layer was revealed directly by applying nano-level analysis with FIB-TEM in this study. The Cr depleted zone was observed only near the grain boundary in the vicinity of the surface oxide layer of the GMAW as welded sample, nevertheless no Cr depleted zone was observed in GMAW with PWHT sample and GTAW with or without PWHT samples. The susceptibility to SCC correlates closely with the existence of the Cr depleted zone near grain boundary in the vicinity of the surface oxide layer, therefore, it is suggested that the Cr depleted zone near the grain boundary formed by the GMAW due to the oxidation during welding would be the initiation of the SCC in the GMAW welded joint.
Effects of substrate on laboratory spalting of sugar maple (2009)

Abstract Spalting is the coloration of wood caused by fungal colonization. Woodturners, craftspeople, and artists appreciate spalted wood for its aesthetic appeal and uniqueness. Laboratory-induced spalting aims at a repeatable procedure in which wood is inoculated with selected fungi to obtain natural color with high aesthetic appeal, low weight loss and good machinability. Vermiculite (a natural clay with a high capacity for water holding and cation exchange) has been the primary incubation substrate for spalting research despite soil being the standard substrate for soil block decay testing. In this research, we explored the differences between these two substrates and their effects on the growth of spalting fungi on sugar maple ( Acer saccharum ) wood. Five fungi, Trametes versicolor , Xylaria polymorpha , Arthrographis cuboidea , Ceratocystis pilifera , and Ceratocystis virescens , were tested for their weight loss and spalting abilities on 14-mm sugar maple cubes incubated in both soil and vermiculite. Weight losses from all fungi were either unaffected or reduced by incubation in vermiculite compared to soil. In vermiculite, X. polymorpha produced more zone lines and A. cuboidea produced more pigment than blocks incubated in soil. Growth in vermiculite decreased weight loss of blocks inoculated with T. versicolor and X. polymorpha , while bleaching was unaffected regardless of substrate. External blue stain was higher on blocks inoculated with either Ceratocystis species and incubated in soil. These results indicate that vermiculite is a better substrate for spalting regardless of fungus due to the higher external pigmentation, lower weight loss, and better color contrast on the sugar maple blocks incubated in this substrate.
Simultaneous Mapping of Neural Activities in Auditory and Visual Cortex of Rat (2021)

In the mammalian cerebral cortex, each sensory cortex plays a central role in the information processing of each sensory modality, yet the cross-modal interactions between sensory cortices remains to be elucidated. Herein, we designed a surface electrode array with 32 recording sites and established a novel electrophysiological technique to record neural activities simultaneously from the auditory and visual cortices of anesthetized rats. We evaluated our mapping in two ways; first, the middle-latency potentials in the auditory evoked potentials and visual evoked potentials were localized in the auditory and visual cortex, respectively. Second, the microelectrode array successfully recorded auditory and visual mismatch negativity (aMMN and vMMN), which is one of the neural activities reported to reflect cross-modal interactions in previous human studies. In addition, we demonstrated that MMN distributed beyond the border between these sensory cortices, suggesting cross-modal interactions between these areas. Taken together, the present recording technique will contribute to elucidating cross-modality information processing in sensory cortices.
Intracranial vascular calcifications, glioblastoma multiforme, and lead poisoning. (1997)

A 72-year-man with previous lead poisoning presented with raised intracranial pressure and localizing neurologic signs. CT scans showed a high-grade glioma and extensive intracranial calcifications, which proved to be vascular in distribution on postmortem examination. The latter findings support the concept of dystrophic calcification following lead-induced cerebrovascular injury. Lead poisoning should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained intracranial calcifications. There is also evidence from previous studies to suggest a causative relationship between lead poisoning and development of glioma.
Antibodies in urine of chimpanzees with chronic adenoviral viruria (1978)

Many chimpanzees have naturally occurring chronic intermittent viruria with an adenovirus of a new type called Pan 11. Small amounts of neutralizing antibodies to Pan 11 adenovirus were found in the urine of chimpanzees. Urinary antibodies to adenovirus were mainly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class with some IgA antibodies also present. There was no neutralizing activity in urine against another adenovirus, Pan 9, which has been isolated from lymph nodes, but not from urine, of chimpanzees; however, sera of all chimpanzees had neutralizing antibodies to Pan 9 virus, some with titers similar to those of antibodies against Pan 11 virus. Antibodies reacting with simian cytomegalovirus by indirect immunofluorescence were found in sera of all chimpanzees tested and in two of six urines. There was no correlation between levels of antiviral IgG antibodies in serum and urine by immunofluorescence. These findings suggest that both IgG and IgA antibodies may be locally produced in response to viral infection of the urinary tract in primates.
Comparative linkage mapping of the Grey coat colour gene in horses1 (2005)

Grey horses are born coloured, turn progressively grey and often develop melanomas late in life. Grey shows an autosomal dominant inheritance and the locus has previously been mapped to horse chromosome 25 (ECA25), around the TXN gene. We have now developed eight new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with genes on ECA25 using information on the linear order of genes on human chromosome 9q, as well as the human and mouse coding sequences. These SNPs were mapped in relation to the Grey locus using more than 300 progeny from matings between two Swedish Warmblood grey stallions and non-grey mares. Grey was firmly assigned to an interval with flanking markers NANS and ABCA1. This corresponds to a region of approximately 6.9 Mb on human chromosome 9q. Furthermore, no recombination was observed between Grey, TGFBR1 and TMEFF1, the last two being 1.4 Mb apart in human. There are no obvious candidate genes in this region and none of the genes has been associated with pigmentation disorders or melanoma development, suggesting that the grey phenotype is caused by a mutation in a novel gene.
The regulation of mucin-type O-glycosylation and its biological significance. (2002)

Mucin 2 (MUC2) is the major intestinal mucin. O-glycans are attached to MUC2 in a potentially diverse arrangement, which is crucial for their interaction with endogenous and exogenous lectins. In the present report, a PTTTPITTTTK peptide corresponding to a portion of the MUC2 tandem repeat domain was synthesized, and incubated with UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) and detergent-soluble microsomes, prepared from the human colon carcinoma cell line LS174T. The products were fractionated by reverse-phase HPLC and characterized by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Oligopeptides with GalNAc residues derived from PTTTPITTTTK, containing consecutive threonine residues, were found to be glycosylated with 1-7 GalNAc residues per single peptide. The sequences of all glycopeptides were determined. The results indicated that the predominant sites of the first through to the sixth GalNAc incorporation were Thr-3, Thr-6, Thr-5, Thr-2, Thr-4 and Thr-1, respectively. An exception was the presence of a glycopeptide with three GalNAc residues at Thr-1, Thr-4 and Thr-5. When the putative biosynthetic intermediates, PTTT*PITTTTK and PT*TTPITTTTK, were used as acceptors, all the products detected and analyzed were the same as those obtained when the unsubstituted peptide and microsome fractions of LS174T cells were incubated. Thus, the preferential order and maximum number of GalNAc incorporation into threonine residues of MUC2 core peptides are strictly regulated, when the microsome fraction of LS174T cells is used as a source of N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferases.
Identification of AGI1-A, a variant of Acinetobacter genomic island 1 (AGI1), in a French clinical isolate belonging to the Enterobacter cloacae complex (2018)

AGI1-A, a variant of AGI1 described in Acinetobacter baumannii, is the first genomic resistance island belonging to the Salmonella genomic island/Proteus genomic island/Acinetobacter genomic island family detected in E. cloacae. One might, therefore, fear for interspecies dissemination of genomic islands from this family.