gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gain-Clamped Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier Module with Fiber Bragg Grating Using Optical Feedback (2005)

A gain-clamped C-band EDWA module using forward optical feedback with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) over the operating range of 1530 to 1560 nm has been experimentally investigated and demonstrated. A 0.3 dB minimum gain variation is observed at 1550 nm over a 10 dBm variation of the input signal power. In addition, the gain clamping behaviors have also been experimentally investigated under different operating conditions.
Orbital Winch for High-Strength, Space-Survivable Tethers (2010)

An Orbital Winch mechanism enables high-load, multi-line tethers to be deployed and retracted without rotating the spool on which the tether is wound. To minimize damage to the tether and the wound package during retraction or deployment under load, it can incorporate a Tension Management Module that reduces the infeed tension by a factor of 15 through the use of a powered capstan with guide rollers. This design eliminates the need for rotating high-voltage electrical connections in tether systems that use propellantless electro-dynamic propulsion. It can also eliminate the need for rotating optical connections in applications where the tether contains optical fibers. This winch design was developed to deploy a 15-km-long, 15-kg high-strength Hoytether structure incorporating conductive wires as part of the MXER-1 demonstration mission concept. Two slewing rings that orbit around the tether spool, combined with translation of one of the slewing rings back and forth along the spool axis to traverse the wind point, enables the winch to wind the tether. Variations of the traverse motion of the slewing ring can accomplish level winds and conical pirn winds. By removing the non-traversing slewing ring, and adding an actuated guide arm, the winch can manage rapid, low-drag deployment of a tether off the end of a pirn-wound spool, followed by controlled retraction and rewinding, in a manner very similar to a spin-casting reel. The winch requires at least two motor driver controller units to coordinate the action of two stepper motors to accomplish tether deployment or retraction.
SMA-Based Hydraulic Switching Valve (2015)

Hydraulic switching valves are vital components commonly used in hydraulic applications. In a simple configuration, the valve has two states, open and closed. A spring pushes a spool into its first position and typically an electro-magnetic actuator working against the spring force is used to pull the spool into its second position. Shape Memory Alloys (SMA’s) are known as actuators with very high energy density. This fact allows for the construction of very light weight and compact systems. The focus of this work is to replace the traditionally used electro-magnetic actuator in a hydraulic switching valve with an SMA wire actuator. This will allow for a reduction in the construction space and weight of the switching valve. This work begins with an evaluation of the force and stroke requirements of a commercially available magnetic valve. Based on this information a new valve design using SMA wires is constructed to meet the same performance requirements. Once designed and fabricated, the SMA based valve is evaluated with respect to force and stroke. Finally both valves are arranged with other hydraulic components in a test station for direct performance comparison. The results concerning the hydraulic parameters like pressure and flow rate are compared to the conventional valve. In conclusion, the experimental results are displayed and an outlook on future work and possible application scenarios is given.
Plasma viscosity is increased in subjects with elevated ankle brachial index (2015)

The present investigation provides evidence that plasma viscosity is increased in subjects with elevated ABI values, independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. This finding contributes to explain the high CVR of patients with PCA.
Computer simulation of actual and Kelvin-probe-measured potential profiles: Application to amorphous films (1990)

We have employed a first-principles computer program to simulate actual potential profiles and potential profiles obtained experimentally from the Kelvin probe technique. Our results show that the Kelvin probe technique can be used as an in situ method for qualitatively characterizing amorphous films and structures during deposition. However, without additional information about the density and energy distribution of localized states in the bulk and at the free surface, we find that it is difficult to obtain, from the Kelvin probe measurement alone, an accurate quantitative measure of the actual spatial dependence of band bending in films and device structures. In addition, this computer analysis shows that interpretation of the profiles obtained from the Kelvin probe contact potential method can lead to misleading conclusions about the density of states in these amorphous materials. We also show that the barrier height of Schottky contacts or the built-in potential of junctions of differently doped layers can be obtained directly from Kelvin probe contact potential measurements only for films whose free-surface band bending is known from other experimental data. We see that this surface band bending can be significant even for small free-surface-state densities and is more pronounced in higher-quality films.
Transperineal prostate biopsy under magnetic resonance image guidance: A needle placement accuracy study (2007)

Abstract Purpose To quantify needle placement accuracy of magnetic resonance image (MRI)‐guided core needle biopsy of the prostate. Materials and Methods A total of 10 biopsies were performed with 18‐gauge (G) core biopsy needle via a percutaneous transperineal approach. Needle placement error was assessed by comparing the coordinates of preplanned targets with the needle tip measured from the intraprocedural coherent gradient echo images. The source of these errors was subsequently investigated by measuring displacement caused by needle deflection and needle susceptibility artifact shift in controlled phantom studies. Needle placement error due to misalignment of the needle template guide was also evaluated. Results The mean and standard deviation (SD) of errors in targeted biopsies was 6.5 ± 3.5 mm. Phantom experiments showed significant placement error due to needle deflection with a needle with an asymmetrically beveled tip (3.2–8.7 mm depending on tissue type) but significantly smaller error with a symmetrical bevel (0.6–1.1 mm). Needle susceptibility artifacts observed a shift of 1.6 ± 0.4 mm from the true needle axis. Misalignment of the needle template guide contributed an error of 1.5 ± 0.3 mm. Conclusion Needle placement error was clinically significant in MRI‐guided biopsy for diagnosis of prostate cancer. Needle placement error due to needle deflection was the most significant cause of error, especially for needles with an asymmetrical bevel. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:688–694. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine: A Novel pyrimidine analog with potential application for the treatment of patients with AIDS and related diseases (1987)

We investigated the clinical pharmacokinetics of azidothymidine (N3TdR) as part of a phase I/II trial in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related diseases. During the 6-week course of therapy, drug levels in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine were determined by HLPC. The plasma half-life of N3TdR was 1.1 hour. The total body clearance was 1.3 L/kg/hr. At intravenous doses of 5 mg/kg or oral doses of 10 mg/kg, plasma levels were continuously maintained above the target level of 1 mumol/L. Oral bioavailability was 63% +/- 13%. Substantial penetration of N3TdR into cerebrospinal fluid was demonstrated. At doses of 5 mg/kg intravenously or 10 mg/kg orally, cerebrospinal fluid drug levels exceeded and were maintained close to 1 mumol/L. Nineteen percent of the administered dose was excreted unchanged into the urine. Renal clearance was 0.23 L/kg/hr. N3TdR possesses pharmacokinetic properties that would facilitate the long-term treatment of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: it can be given orally and it penetrates the central nervous system.
MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF NEUTRONICS START-UP TESTS AT CHINA EXPERIMENTAL FAST REACTOR (CEFR) (2021)

China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) is a small size sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) with a high neutron leakage core fueled by uranium oxide. The CEFR core with 20 MW(e) power reached its first criticality in July 2010, and several start-up tests were conducted from 2010 to 2011. The China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) proposed to release some of the neutronics start-up test data for the IAEA benchmark within the scope of the IAEA’s coordinated research activities through the coordinated research project (CRP) on “Neutronics Benchmark of CEFR Start-Up Tests”, launched in 2018. This benchmark aims to perform validation and verification of the physical models and the neutronics simulation codes by comparing calculation results against collected experimental data. The six physics start-up tests considered for this CRP include evaluation of the criticality, control rod worth, void reactivity, temperature coefficient, swap reactivity, and foil irradiation. Twenty-nine participating research organizations are performing independent blind calculations during the first phase of the project. As a part of this coordinated research, IAEA performed neutronics calculations using Monte Carlo code SERPENT. Two kinds of 3D core models, homogenous and heterogeneous, were calculated using SERPENT, with ENDF/B-VII.0 continuous energy library. Preliminary results with a reasonably good estimation of criticality, as well as theoretically sound results of other five test cases, are available. The paper will discuss the core modelling assumptions, challenges and key findings of modelling a dense SFR core, preliminary results of the first phase of the CRP, heterogeneity impact analysis between homogenous core models and heterogeneous core models and future work to be performed as a part of this four-year project.
Etude de nouveaux systèmes pour le stockage de la chaleur par voie thermochimique (2018)

National audience
Soy protein hydrolysis in membrane reactors (1983)

Abstract An Ultrafiltration (UF) based reactor system for continuous hydrolysis of proteins was developed to overcome limitations of the traditional batch process. A continuous stirred tank reactor was coupled to a hollow fiber module in a semiclosed loop configuration. Capacity of the reactor, defined as quantity of hydrolysate produced/time/weight of enzyme, was a sensitive function of enzyme concentration between 55 and 94% substrate conversion levels for the Pronase‐Promine D system. Increasing flow rate also improved capacity, but substrate concentration and reactor volume had small effects on capacity within the levels of expected use. Productivity (defined as weight of hydrolysate/weight of enzyme) was at least 10‐20 times greater for the continuous UF reactor than a batch reactor operating under otherwise identical conditions.
D-14 MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF BIPHENYL-BRIDGED ORGANOSILICA(Session: Polymer/Wear) (2006)

The hybrid mesoporous organosilica incorporating a biphenyl moiety in the framework were synthesized using the surfactant-mediated polymerization of 4,4'-bis(triethoxysilyl) biphenyl precursor with bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane and tetraethoxysilane to control the cross-linking network. Longer reaction time of mesoporous materials resulted to the enhanced formation from granular to rope/rod type morphology. Transmission electron microscopy investigation showed a hexagonal array of mesoporous and straight lattice fringes along and perpendicular to the pore axis.
Adaptive Projection Selection for Computed Tomography (2013)

The number of projections is a critical factor in tomographic imaging. The larger the number, the better the quality of the reconstructed image; however, it increases the radiation dose delivered to the patient. Therefore, it is important to keep the number of projections as small as possible. Traditionally, the projections are taken by moving the x-ray source around the patient at uniform angular steps. Taking projections at nonuniform steps may result in better images as compared with that obtained using uniform projections. This paper describes two different approaches that adjust the step size to adaptively select the angle of projections. The first one is based on the spectral richness of the acquired projections and the second relies on the amount of new information added by successive projections. The superior performance of the two proposed methods over the uniform projection scheme is demonstrated through simulation results using both phantom and real images.
Clinical Performance of the AMDL DR-70™ Immunoassay Kit for Cancer Detection (1998)

A clinical study using DR-70 immunoassay for the detection of 13 different cancers have been conducted with 277 healthy subjects and 136 cancer patients. The test results showed that the DR-70 immunoassay kit was capable of detecting cancers with high degree of specificity and sensitivity. At 95% specificity level, the sensitivity of the assay was 87.8%, 92.6%, 65.2% and 66.7%, respectively for lung, stomach, breast and rectum cancers. Furthermore the test kits were shown to be stable and performed reproducibly.
On-line Virtual Junction Temperature Measurement via DC Gate Current Injection (2018)

In mission-critical applications, the junction temperature of the power semiconductor devices is an useful parameter for determining the state of health of the power module. A possible method to measure the junction temperature on-line for a power die is by using a Thermally Sensitive Electrical Parameter (TSEP). In this paper, a junction temperature estimation method based on the DC current injection in the gate path of a power die is proposed. The selected TSEP-based method utilizes the temperature sensitivity of the internal on-chip gate resistance to estimate the virtual junction temperature of the power die. The proposed method employs a simple modification to the classical gate driver configuration. The experimental measurements show an accuracy of roughly +/-1 °C with a standard deviation of 0.4 °C. The calibrated TSEP was tested with a dynamic temperature profile to confirm the precision (around 4 °C) during the heating and cooling of the power device under PWM losses.
Motion vector processing in compressed video and its applications to motion compensated frame interpolation (2009)

The objective of this thesis is to investigate algorithms that yield improved image quality for motion compensated frame interpolation or frame rate up-conversion. We address the problems of having broken edges and deformed structures in an interpolated frame by hierarchically refining motion vectors on different block sizes. The proposed novel, low complexity motion vector processing algorithm at the decoder explicitly considers the reliability of each received motion vector based on the received residual energy and motion vector correlation. By analyzing the distribution of residual energies and effectively merging blocks that have unreliable motion vectors, the structure information can be preserved. In addition to the unreliable motion vectors due to high residual energies, there are still other unreliable motion vectors that cause visual artifacts but cannot be detected by high residual energy or bidirectional prediction difference in motion compensated frame interpolation. We further propose a correlation-based motion vector processing to classify motion vector reliability and correct identified unreliable motion vectors by analyzing motion vector correlation in the neighborhood. These unreliable motion vectors are gradually corrected based on their bidirectional difference energy levels so that we can effectively discover the areas where no motion is reliable to be used, such as occlusions and deformed structures. For these areas, we further propose an adaptive frame interpolation scheme by analyzing their surrounding motion distribution and accurately choosing forward or backward predictions. Since the proposed motion vector processing method exploits the spatial information such as residual energy and motion vector correlation, experimental results show that our interpolated results have better visual quality than other methods. However, we still can observe the flickering effects during video display especially in motion boundaries and areas having uniformly distributed texture. Therefore, to further ensure the temporal stability in these motion sensitive areas or video frames, a novel motion vector processing approach based on motion temporal reliability analysis is proposed. For each motion vector candidate, its temporal variation of absolute bidirectional prediction difference along the motion trajectory is examined and classified into several predefined curvatures that are obtained by motion reliability statistic analysis. Any motion vectors that can match one of the predefined curvatures will be considered as possibly temporal reliable motion. This algorithm is employed to improve the motion quality for the proposed motion vector processing method. As a result, the proposed method can effectively improve the motion accuracy for the bidirectional motion vector processing and outperforms other approaches in terms of visual quality, PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), and structure similarity.
Ocular dominance columns and their development in layer IV of the cat's visual cortex: A quantitative study (1978)

Abstract The distribution of geniculocortical afferents serving the left and right eyes was studied in abult cats and in kittens of various ages. Methods used were autoradiography of transneuronally transported 3 H‐proline injected into one eye, and physiological recordings. In the adult cat, patches of label in layer IV corresponding to ocular dominance columns were seen both ipsilateral and contralateral to the injected eye. Between the patches, however, grain density was substantially above background, especially on the contralateral side. Similarly, in the contralateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) there was substantial labelling of neuronal cell bodies in lamina A1, which receives no innervation from the injected eye. Such spillover of radioactivity into the inappropriate laminae of the LGN was measured in autoradiographs of semithin sections, and its effect on the cortical labelling pattern calculated. Spillover appeared to account quantitatively for the labelling seen between patches in the cortex. It was concluded that the geniculocortical afferents for the ipsilateral and contralateral eyes are equally and almost completely segregated from each other at the centers of columns, although there is extensive overlap at the borders. This pattern is consistent with the physiological pattern of ocular dominance in layer IV. In kittens studied at one to two weeks of age, radioactive label formed a continuous band in layer IV on both sides of the brain. On the ipsilateral side, this appearance could not be accounted for by spillover in the LGN, but reflected a continuous, non‐columnar distribution of afferents. Physiological recordings at this age showed most cells in layer IV to be nearly equally responsive to stimulation of either eye, in contrast to the adult pattern. Periodic variations in grain density were first noted at three weeks, and a pattern similar to that of the adult was reached by about six weeks of age. On the contralateral side the uniform labelling pattern seen in the 1‐ to 2‐week‐old kittens was uninterpretable, owing to the very great spillover of radioactivity in the contralateral LGN, but the physiology suggested that the contralateral afferents, too, were uniformly distributed in layer IV. The results suggest that the earliest functional connections formed by geniculocortical afferents have a uniform, non‐columnar arrangement in layer IV, and that the formation of the adult pattern is likely to involve the breakage and reformation of synaptic connections. This process appears to be similar to that described for the monkey (Hubel et al., '77; Rakic, '76), except that the beginning of segregation is postponed until postnatal life.
Appearance manifolds for modeling time-variant appearance of materials (2006)

We present a visual simulation technique called appearance manifolds for modeling the time-variant surface appearance of a material from data captured at a single instant in time. In modeling time-variant appearance, our method takes advantage of the key observation that concurrent variations in appearance over a surface represent different degrees of weathering. By reorganizing these various appearances in a manner that reveals their relative order with respect to weathering degree, our method infers spatial and temporal appearance properties of the material's weathering process that can be used to convincingly generate its weathered appearance at different points in time. Results with natural non-linear reflectance variations are demonstrated in applications such as visual simulation of weathering on 3D models, increasing and decreasing the weathering of real objects, and material transfer with weathering effects.
Statistical behavioral modeling for A/D-converters (2003)

An automated method to derive the statistical parameters of the building blocks of A/D-converters is presented. This method is applied to an 8-bit full flash A/D-converter. The statistical model is used to simulate INL and DNL and explore statistical effects that cannot be captured in closed expressions. A speedup in simulation times of over 100 is reported compared to device-level simulations.
CD44v3 protein-carrying tumor-derived exosomes in HNSCC patients’ plasma as potential noninvasive biomarkers of disease activity (2020)

The molecular cargo of tumor-cell-derived exosomes (TEX) mimics that of parental tumor cells. Thus, TEX could potentially serve as noninvasive biomarkers of cancer progression. However, separation of TEX from non-TEX in patients' plasma requires tumor antigen-specific detection reagents. CD44v3 has been of interest as a potential biomarker of disease progression in HNSCC, because its overexpression in tumor cells associates with poor outcome. Here, CD44v3+ TEX immunocaptured from plasma of 44 HNSCC patients and 7 healthy donors (HDs) were evaluated as potential biomarkers of disease activity and stage. Exosomes were isolated from plasma of by size exclusion chromatography. Using anti-CD44v3 or anti-CD3 mAbs on beads, CD44v3+ TEX CD3(-)TEX-enriched exosomes were immunocaptured from supernatants of nonmalignant or HNSCC cell lines and from patients' plasma. On-bead flow cytometry was used for the detection of FAS-L, PD-L1, TGFF-β. CSPG4 or EGFR on exosomes. The TEX expression profiles were correlated to clinicopathological parameters. Relative florescence intensity (RFI) values for CD44v3 were higher (<i>p</i> < .01) on TEX from HNSCC cell lines or on CD44v3+ CD3(-) plasma-derived exosomes. RFI values of CD44v3 on CD3(-) exosomes were higher (<i>p</i> < .005) in patients than in HDs and correlated (<i>p</i> < .05) with the UICC stage and lymph node metastasis. In HNSCC patients, CD44v3+ exosomes higher levels of immunosuppressive proteins compared to CD44v3(-) exosomes (<i>p</i> < .05-<i>p</i> < .005), and RFI values for these markers correlated with higher disease stages and lymph node metastasis. Isolation of CD44v3+ exosomes by immunocapture allowed for enrichment of TEX which are potentially promising liquid biomarkers of the tumor burden and disease stage in HNSCC.