gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the statistical and computational performance of image thresholding and determination of class number (2003)

This paper proposed a new and fast method for bilevel as well as multi-level image thresholding. Taking the derivative of image between-class variance with respect to gray levels develops the proposed method. For bilevel thresholding, a nonlinear equation is derived to solve for an optimal threshold. For multi-level thresholding, a set of nonlinear equations is derived to solve for a set of optimal thresholds. Two parameters are introduced to automatically determine the number of classes for image classification. One parameter is designated for classifying images with obvious histogram modes. The other is more appropriate for use for images without obvious histogram modes. Computational efficiency of the proposed method and Otsu's method (1979) is discussed. Statistic analysis of performance of the proposed method versus Baysian classifier is conducted. Included are two examples to illustrate the feasibility and superiority on speed of computation of the proposed method.
Comparison of a dual‐frequency bio‐impedance analyser with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry for assessment of body composition in geriatric patients (2020)

DF-BIA and DXA cannot be used interchangeably in geriatric medical patients. However, high replicability shows that both methods may be used for monitoring under standardized conditions. Results indicate gender-specific differences, and segmental analysis can only be recommended with DXA using clear anatomical references.
Genomic and Transcriptomic Tumor Heterogeneity in Bilateral Retinoblastoma (2020)

Differential genomic and gene expression features were observed between tumors in 2 patients with bilateral disease, confirming intereye heterogeneity that might be considered if targeted therapies are used in such patients. Chromosomal alteration profile supported the origin of the orbital recurrence from the homolateral eye in 1 patient. Loss in chromosome 11q may have been associated with extraocular relapse in this patient.
Effect in vitro of anti‐immunoglobulin sera on proliferative responses of lymphoid cells to antigen+ (1973)

Abstract Experiments were designed to determine the effects, if any, of anti‐immunoglobulin (anti‐Ig) sera on T cell‐dependent proliferative responses in vitro. Using rabbit lymphoid cells there was no inhibition of the proliferative response, but instead, an additive effect of anti‐Ig and either antigen or phytohemagglutinin added together, suggesting stimulation of two different cell populations. Pretreatment of mouse lymphoid cells with anti‐Ig and complement caused a detectable inhibition of the proliferative response, which was probably due to the removal of B cells. Pretreatment with anti‐Θ and complement resulted in a much stronger inhibition.
Inhibition of cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) by terbinafine (TER) in vitro (1999)

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1999) 65, 135–135; doi:
Electroless Plating of Nickel on Carbon Nanotubes Film (2006)

For carbon nanotubes to be used for electronic application, nanotubes would need to achieve high interfacial adhesion with metal. In this paper, chemical vapor deposited carbon nanotubes have been successfully coated with nickel by electroless plating method. Ni plates were used as substrates as well as catalyst provider for the growth of carbon nanotubes. Without dispersing the grown nanotubes from their substrate, electroless plating process was performed directly on the as-grown carbon nanotubes. In order to improve nanotubes wettability to Ni, nanotubes were immerged in solution of SnCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /HCl for sensitization and soaking in solution of PdCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /HCl for activation. Upon completing the pretreatment processes, the nanotube films were electroless plated with Ni by dipping into plating solution of NiSO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> .6H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O/NaH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> PO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> .2H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sub> O/sodium eleconate/NH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> Cl for 5, 10, 15 or 20 mins. The morphology and cross section of the electroless plated nanotubes films were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that uniform layer of Ni was coated on all nanotubes and the thickness of that Ni layer increased proportionally with plating time
Development of a Reusable, Low-Shock Clamp Band Separation System for Small Spacecraft Release Applications (2001)

In small spacecraft, the proximity of sensitive components to release systems has led to the need for lowshock spacecraft release systems. Marmon band systems are often desirable for their flight history, structural capability, and reliability. Until recently, only pyrotechnically released clamp bands were readily available. The clamp band system described in ths paper reduces shock in two ways: it eliminates shock typically associated with pyrotechnic release devices as well as utilizing a release device that reduces the shock associated with the rapid release of the preload strain energy. Patented Fast Acting Shockless Separation Nut (FASSN) technology is utilized to convert strain energy stored in the system into rotational energy of a flywheel. Early FASSN devices were designed for discrete point applications and were somewhat large and massive. Additional development of the FASSN device has reduced the size and weight to enable the use of the technology in a medium sized (12 to 24 inch diameter) clamp band system. This paper describes the overall design, performance, and initial test results for the FASSN-based, non-pyrotechnic, low-shock clamp band release system.
A human interface system for the multi-agent robotic system (2002)

The paper describes the human interface system in the autonomous and decentralized multi-agent robotic system ACTRESS. The human interface system coordinates the interaction between the human operator and robotic agents, monitors system's activities and presents them do the operator. The operator can send commands to individual robotic agents or a group of agents through the human interface. He can also intervene in the system based on monitored system status if and when necessary. The human interface also acts as a window through which the robotic agents contact the operator for judgment and advice. The paper presents the architecture of the human interface system. The architecture was designed so as to allow the operator to interact with the system through consistent interface in the real environment and in the simulator environment, in which robotic agents' programs are developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
New generation of Raman fiber lasers, based on phosphosilicate fibers (2002)

Summary form only given. We have demonstrated the possibility of use of a P-doped silica fiber as an efficient Raman gain medium in a wide wavelength range. A three-cascaded 1407 nm Raman laser was developed with an output power of 1 W.
Engineered Mammalian Chromosomes in Cellular Protein Production: Future Prospects (2011)

The manufacture of recombinant proteins at industrially relevant levels requires technologies that can engineer stable, high expressing cell lines rapidly, reproducibly, and with relative ease. Commonly used methods incorporate transfection of mammalian cell lines with plasmid DNA containing the gene of interest. Identifying stable high expressing transfectants is normally laborious and time consuming. To improve this process, the use of engineered chromosomes has been considered. To date, the most successful technique has been based on the artificial chromosome expression or ACE System, which consists of the targeted transfection of cells containing mammalian based artificial chromosomes with multiple recombination acceptor sites. This ACE System allows for the specific transfection of single or multiple gene copies and eliminates the need for random integration into native host chromosomes. The utility of using artificial engineered mammalian chromosomes, specifically the ACE System, is illustrated in several case studies covering the generation of CHO cell lines expressing monoclonal antibodies.
Dipeptide analogs. Versatile synthesis of the hydroxyethylene isostere (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDipeptide analogs. Versatile synthesis of the hydroxyethylene isostereDale J. KempfCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 21, 3921–3926Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00371a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (833 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Table 1 from Phase I Study of MEDI3726: A Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Antibody–Drug Conjugate, in Patients with mCRPC after Failure of Abiraterone or Enzalutamide (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Clinical antitumor activity summary&lt;/p&gt;
Antimicrobial and beta-lactamase inhibitory activities of carpetimycins A and B, new carbapenem antibiotics (1982)

Carpetimycins A and B showed widely broad spectra and potent activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including various species of anaerobic bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of carpetimycin A was 8 to 64 times greater than that of carpetimycin B and 4 to 128 times greater than that of cefoxitin. The inhibitory concentration of carpetimycin A required to inhibit more than 90% of clinical isolates was 0.39 micrograms/ml for Escherichia coli and klebsiella and 1.56 microgram/ml for Proteus and Staphylococcus aureus. At a concentration of 3.13 micrograms/ml, carpetimycin A inhibited almost all clinical isolates of Enterobacter and Citrobacter, which showed resistance to many clinically used beta-lactam antibiotics. Carpetimycins A and B furthermore were shown to have potent inhibitory activities against several kinds of beta-lactamases produced by beta-lactam-resistant strains; they inhibited not only penicillinase-type beta-lactamases but also cephalosporinase-type beta-lactamases, which were insensitive to clavulanic acid. In combination with beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cefazolin, carpetimycins A and B showed synergistic activities against beta-lactam-resistant bacteria.
Acriflavine-induced immunological paralysis: the effect of varying antigen doses. (1967)

The effect of varying antigen doses on acriflavine-induced immunological paralysis has been studied in the rabbit using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as antigen. Acriflavine induced more profound suppression to subsequent doses of antigen when the initial antigen dose was 10 mg rather than 100 mg. Control animals initially receiving 1 or 1000 mg BSA had lower mean antibody responses to subsequent BSA injections than controls initially receiving 10 or 100 mg BSA. Acriflavine-treated animals initially receiving 1 or 1000 mg BSA showed an impaired capacity to respond to BSA in addition to that induced by the low or high antigen doses per se, although the 1000 mg BSA acriflavine-treated animals did not exhibit a profound degree of immunological paralysis. These findings are contrary to what would be expected if acriflavine were acting in a manner comparable to X-irradiation or 6-mercaptopurine treatment. The data suggest that acriflavine may act by potentiating the mechanism of immunological unresponsiveness which follows low doses of soluble protein antigens, rather than operating on the mechanism which induces immune paralysis following the administration of massive doses of BSA to normal animals.
Identification of env Subtypes in Fourteen HIV Type 1 Isolates from South Africa (1995)

All subtypes of HIV-1 have been identified in Africa. The envelope glycoprotein of the HIV-1 is the most variable region of the virus, with the third variable region, including the V3 loop, a major target of vaccine research. This paper reports the identification of the HIV-1 subtypes present in 14 viral strains, isolated between 1984 and 1992 in South Africa. HIV-1 strains were isolated routinely at Tygerberg Hospital in the Western Cape region, with genomic DNA isolated from virus-infected cultures. After presenting the distance calculations and describing the tree constructions and bootstrap analysis, the authors emphasize the need for ongoing molecular epidemiological analysis of HIV-1 subtypes to track the current epidemic in South Africa. More rapid methods will facilitate subtyping to monitor the circulation and spread of HIV-1 subpopulations in the country.
In-Situ Fabrication of aligned equxiaed Materials by High Magnetic Field during directional solidification (2015)

International audience
Supplementary Figures S1-S5 from CpG Blocks Immunosuppression by Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Tumor-Bearing Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S5.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure 1 from <i>ZIC1</i> Overexpression Is Oncogenic in Liposarcoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from &lt;i&gt;ZIC1&lt;/i&gt; Overexpression Is Oncogenic in Liposarcoma
E2 Site Mutations in S Protein Strongly Affect Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Detection in the Occult Hepatitis B Virus (2021)

The mechanism of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) has not yet been fully clarified. Our previous research found that novel OBI-related mutation within S protein, E2G, could cause the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) secretion impairment, which resulted in intracellular accumulation in OBI of genotype B. Here, to further explore the role of E2 site mutations in the occurrence of OBI, we analyzed these site mutations among 119 OBI strains identified from blood donors. Meanwhile, 109 wild-type HBV strains (HBsAg positive/HBV DNA positive) were used as control group. Furthermore, to verify the E2 site mutations, two conservative 1.3-fold full-gene expression vectors of HBV genotype B and C (pHBV1.3B and pHBV1.3C) were constructed. Then, the E2 mutant plasmids on the basis of pHBV1.3B or pHBV1.3C were constructed and transfected into HepG2 cells, respectively. The extracellular and intracellular HBsAg were analyzed by electrochemical luminescence and cellular immunohistochemistry. The structural characteristics of S proteins with or without E2 mutations were analyzed using relevant bioinformatics software. E2 mutations (E2G/A/V/D) existed in 21.8% (26/119) of OBIs, while no E2 mutations were found in the control group. E2G/A/V/D mutations could strongly affect extracellular and intracellular level of HBsAg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Notably, unlike E2G in genotype B that could cause HBsAg intracellular accumulation and secretion decrease (<i>p</i> < 0.05), E2G in genotype C could lead to a very significant HBsAg decrease both extracellularly (0.46% vs. pHBV1.3C) and intracellularly (11.2% vs. pHBV1.3C) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Meanwhile, for E2G/A mutations, the relative intracellular HBsAg (110.7-338.3% vs. extracellular) and its fluorescence intensity (1.5-2.4-fold vs. with genotype-matched pHBV1.3B/C) were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, N-terminal signal peptides, with a typical cleavage site for peptidase at positions 27 and 28, were exclusively detected in S proteins with secretion-defective mutants (E2G/A). Our findings suggest that: (1) E2G/A/V/D mutations were confirmed to significantly influence the detection of HBsAg, (2) the underlying mechanism of OBI caused by E2G mutation is quite different between genotype B and genotype C, and (3) E2G/A could produce a N-terminal truncated S protein, which might attribute to the HBsAg secretion impairment in the OBIs.
ABILITY OF NATURAL EXTRACTS TO LIMIT MOLD GROWTH ON DOUGLAS-FIR SAPWOOD (2012)

The ability of selected plant extracts from wood and foliage to inhibit mold regrowth on fungal colonized wood was evaluated on Douglas-fir sapwood. Most foliage extracts produced some inhibition of Graphium or Trichoderma species, but isolations of other fungi increased following treatment. Five out of eight wood extracts produced 50% reductions in isolations, and those from Alaska cedar, western juniper, and incense cedar produced at least 80% reductions. The results indicate that wood extracts may be useful for reducing the incidence of mold on wood products, but none of the materials evaluated completely inhibited the test fungi. These extracts may provide a useful value-added application for by-products of lumber production from these species.
Pedestrian Injury Issues in Litigation (2004)

This chapter describes how litigation is seldom a clear-cut search for the “truth” in a situation. Ideally, the fault finding and award or punishment should be based on scientific and legal grounds that would also ring true to a jury or to the general public. Complications such as the realities of insurance, political pressures, and the styles and diligence of the attorneys color the process. Because juries seem to act as though the injured party deserves some reward (“that’s what insurance is for”), the outcome in many civil cases seems to be less concerned with the avoidability of the loss and more with its consequences. It does not seem that the current legal should grant a large award to a family because the child was killed when that requires putting the onus on driver who had no reasonable chance to avoid the collision. Nevertheless, that can be argued to be a common outcome, and it is accompanied by a judgment against a driver amounting to “murder” in order to justify the award. A similar case can be made for some criminal vehicular manslaughter charges. Rather than the guilty/not guilty verdict in a criminal trial, the civil case depends on a verdict of liability and a comparative funding. The defendant contributed to the loss event, but the plaintiff may also have contributed to the loss. The defendant in essence is found “partly guilty.” Other research covers many of these issues in greater detail. This chapter will not change the realities of the process in litigation, but it may lead to a more thorough look at the full range of issues in a case. From the initial filing of a complaint, questions arise as to design and law enforcement for the public facility, design and maintenance of the vehicle, and custodial care in injuries, as well as the behavior of the parties. If these are not considered at the start, the case may be unnecessarily limited.
High Speed Cutting of Titanium Alloy with PCD Tools (2008)

When cutting titanium alloy, the temperature of a cutting tool edge is easy to rise and the tool edge is tend to be worn away quickly because the titanium alloy has the characteristics of low thermal conductivity and high chemical activity. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve a balance between the productivity and the tool life in cutting the titanium alloy, namely, low-speed cutting must be carried out at present. To examine the possibility of the improvement in the cutting efficiency, a PCD (polycrystalline diamond) tool having high thermal conductivity was adopted to the cutting of titanium alloy and its cutting performance was investigated. The PCD tool was found to have excellent flank wear resistance compared with conventional cemented carbide tools. It was also revealed that unprecedented high speed cutting become possible by use of PCD tool with an application of high pressure coolant.
Water ordering controls the dynamic equilibrium of micelle–fibre formation in self-assembly of peptide amphiphiles (2016)

Understanding the role of water in governing the kinetics of the self-assembly processes of amphiphilic peptides remains elusive. Here, we use a multistage atomistic-coarse-grained approach, complemented by circular dichroism/infrared spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering experiments to highlight the dual nature of water in driving the self-assembly of peptide amphiphiles (PAs). We show computationally that water cage formation and breakage near the hydrophobic groups control the fusion dynamics and aggregation of PAs in the micellar stage. Simulations also suggest that enhanced structural ordering of vicinal water near the hydrophilic amino acids shifts the equilibrium towards the fibre phase and stimulates structure and order during the PA assembly into nanofibres. Experiments validate our simulation findings; the measured infrared O-H bond stretching frequency is reminiscent of an ice-like bond which suggests that the solvated water becomes increasingly ordered with time in the assembled peptide network, thus shedding light on the role of water in a self-assembly process.
Macrophage dynamics are regulated by local macrophage proliferation and monocyte recruitment in injured pancreas (2015)

Pancreas injury by partial duct ligation (PDL) activates a healing response, encompassing β-cell neogenesis and proliferation. Macrophages (MΦs) were recently shown to promote β-cell proliferation after PDL, but they remain poorly characterized. We assessed myeloid cell diversity and the factors driving myeloid cell dynamics following acute pancreas injury by PDL. In naive and sham-operated pancreas, the myeloid cell compartment consisted mainly of two distinct tissue-resident MΦ types, designated MHC-II(lo) and MHC-II(hi) MΦs, the latter being predominant. MHC-II(lo) and MHC-II(hi) pancreas MΦs differed at the molecular level, with MHC-II(lo) MΦs being more M2-activated. After PDL, there was an early surge of Ly6C(hi) monocyte infiltration in the pancreas, followed by a transient MHC-II(lo) MΦ peak and ultimately a restoration of the MHC-II(hi) MΦ-dominated steady-state equilibrium. These intricate MΦ dynamics in PDL pancreas depended on monocyte recruitment by C-C chemokine receptor 2 and macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor as well as on macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor-dependent local MΦ proliferation. Functionally, MHC-II(lo) MΦs were more angiogenic. We further demonstrated that, at least in C-C chemokine receptor 2-KO mice, tissue MΦs, rather than Ly6C(hi) monocyte-derived MΦs, contributed to β-cell proliferation. Together, our study fully characterizes the MΦ subsets in the pancreas and clarifies the complex dynamics of MΦs after PDL injury.