gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Epi-TAF for Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate?: Table 1. (2015)

Approximately 84% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected US residents on antiretroviral therapy currently receive some form of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) as part of their HIV treatment regimen. The TDF analogue tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has demonstrated equal efficacy but with decreased renal injury and bone mineral density loss compared with TDF. We examine how much more society ought to be willing to pay for TAF over TDF, in exchange for its improved toxicity profile. Using cost-effectiveness methods, we find that current conditions warrant an annual premium of up to $1000 over the average wholesale price (AWP) of TDF. Once generic coformulations of tenofovir/lamivudine become accessible, however, the appropriate premium for TAF will likely merit a downward adjustment, using generic TDF-based costs as the benchmark.
Cohort profile: the Scottish Research register SHARE. A register of people interested in research participation linked to NHS data sets (2017)

SHARE continues to steadily recruit with the ambition of eventually achieving 1 000 000 people in Scotland. We are steadily increasing the number of data sets we use for identifying participants. We are adding a mobile app which will facilitate dissemination about research and allow the collection of physiological and activity data if desired. We anticipate that SHARE will soon become the main source of health research recruitment in Scotland.
Lapack (2006)

LAPACK (linear algebra package) is an open source library of programs for solving the most commonly occurring numerical linear algebra problems [LUG99]. Original codes of LAPACK are written in Fortran 77. Complete documentation as well as source codes are available online at the Netlib repository [LAP]. LAPACK provides driver routines for solving complete problems such as linear equations, linear least squares problems, eigenvalue problems, and singular value problems. Each driver routine calls a sequence of computational routines, each of which performs a distinct computational task. In addition, LAPACK provides comprehensive error bounds for most computed quantities. LAPACK is designed to be portable for sequential and shared memory machines with deep memory hierarchies, in which most performance issues could be reduced to providing optimized versions of the Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines (BLAS). (See Chapter 74).
Chemical reactions of triethylantimony on GaAs(100) (1995)

The surface chemistry of triethylantimony was studied on GaAs(100) using thermal desorption spectroscopy, static secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Triethylantimony is reversibly adsorbed following exposures at 160 K. The saturation coverage at 160 K is approximately 0.3 monolayers. Following triethylantimony exposure at 330 K, ethylene, the major hydrocarbon reaction product, desorbs from the GaAs(100) surface during thermal desorption spectroscopy experiments with a peak temperature of 569 K. This indicates a β-hydride elimination reaction is responsible for the elimination of ethyl groups from the surface. Additionally, a small amount of ethyl radicals desorb from the surface. Our results indicate that ethyl groups migrate to Ga sites and then undergo a β-hydride elimination reaction at these sites. For saturation coverage (0.3 monolayers), 90% of the triethylantimony is irreversibly adsorbed. Exposures at 675 K led to adsorbed Sb atoms as well as GaSb formation. The reactive sticking coefficient of triethylantimony is low, 4×10−4, and decreases as the surface becomes Sb rich. Eventually, adsorption of triethylantimony ceases at 675 K, indicating self-limiting adsorption.
Supplementary Tables from Effects of Adiposity and Exercise on Breast Tissue and Systemic Metabo-Inflammatory Factors in Women at High Risk or Diagnosed with Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables S1, S2, and S3&lt;/p&gt;
An 800Mbps System Interconnect Modeling and Simulation for High Speed Computing (2005)

System interconnect modeling for high speed systems is a vital bottleneck for high speed data transfer. We demonstrate the modeling process on a high speed computer differential net running at 400 MHz (800 Mbit/s) with IBM I/O cells. The modeling of the traces on the boards was done using a field solver. The transmission line matrices were used in a SPICE model, and 3-simulation scenarios were tested for this model. The obtained EYE opening of the modeled interconnect simulation was 705 mV while the measured EYE opening for the same net topology in the laboratory was 710 mV. This shows a close match between the actual behavior and the model generated. Careful modeling can be very beneficial to get a design running at first time operation.
Identification and quantitative analysis of stage-specific carbohydrates in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) zygotic embryo and female gametophyte tissues (2008)

Stage-specific analyses of starch and 18 sugars, including pentoses, hexoses, disaccharides, trisaccharides, oligosaccharides and sugar alcohols, were made throughout seed development for zygotic embryo and female gametophyte (FG) tissues of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Tissue was most often analyzed in triplicate from two open-pollinated families grown in different locations and sampled in different years. Carbohydrates were analyzed by enzymatic assay, high performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. For all carbohydrates quantified, peak concentrations were higher in embryo tissue than in FG tissue. Significant changes in starch and sugar concentrations occurred over time, with both seed collections showing similar trends in temporal changes. Although concentrations were not always similar, embryo and FG tissues generally showed similar patterns of change in starch and sugar concentrations over time. Total starch concentration was highest during early seed development and decreased as development progressed. The major sugars contributing to osmotic potential during early seed development were D-pinitol, sucrose, fructose and glucose. During mid-seed development, D-pinitol, sucrose, fructose, glucose, melibiose and raffinose provided major contributions to the osmotic environment. During late seed development, sucrose, raffinose, melibiose, stachyose and fructose were the major contributors to osmotic potential. These data suggest stage-specific media composition for each step in the somatic embryogenesis protocol.
Laboratory apparatus for controlled time/temperature retorting of oil shale (1976)

An oil shale assay apparatus was developed that can be used to simulate conditions encountered during in-situ retorting. The apparatus is of simple, rugged design and can be used in experiments lasting up to a month. It can provide 100 +- 0.1 percent material balance on total shale and 100 +- 1 percent material balance on collected products. It can be automated easily for routine analyses, but it is also capable of single retorting experiments requiring various gas environments, flow rates, and heating conditions. When operated at the time/temperature conditions used in the Fischer assay, it gives results indistinguishable from those of the Fischer assay.
Affinity-Aware Graph Networks (2022)

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful technique for learning on relational data. Owing to the relatively limited number of message passing steps they perform -- and hence a smaller receptive field -- there has been significant interest in improving their expressivity by incorporating structural aspects of the underlying graph. In this paper, we explore the use of affinity measures as features in graph neural networks, in particular measures arising from random walks, including effective resistance, hitting and commute times. We propose message passing networks based on these features and evaluate their performance on a variety of node and graph property prediction tasks. Our architecture has lower computational complexity, while our features are invariant to the permutations of the underlying graph. The measures we compute allow the network to exploit the connectivity properties of the graph, thereby allowing us to outperform relevant benchmarks for a wide variety of tasks, often with significantly fewer message passing steps. On one of the largest publicly available graph regression datasets, OGB-LSC-PCQM4Mv1, we obtain the best known single-model validation MAE at the time of writing.
Azophenol-Based Liquid−crystalline Elastomers for Light-Driven Actuators (2011)

Para-substituted azophenols exhibit a fast thermal cis-to-trans isomerization rate in ethanol, which can be transferred to the solid state by obtaining liquid-crystalline elastomeric systems. The absence of protic solvent is compensated by the establishment of hydrogen bonding between azophenol monomers that are close to each other. Opto-mechanical experiments reveal that azophenol-containing liquid single-crystal elastomers are valuable materials for light-controlled actuators exhibiting relaxation times of 1 s at room temperature.
Accurate analytical model of coupled omega particles for metamaterial design (2013)

We propose an analytical model of the bi-omega particle consisting of two opposite-oriented and spaced omega resonators. Properly placing the two omega particles very close to each other, the coupling effect between them contributes to shift down the resonant frequency, achieving a simple and deeply electrically small inclusion for the design of metamaterials with negative permeability working in the microwave frequency range. The proposed model, based on the small antenna theory, takes into account all the coupling effects that comes into play when the distance between the two omegas is very small. The results of the analytical model are compared to the numerical ones, showing a very good agreement.
Effect of Remote Sensory Noise on Hand Function Post Stroke (2014)

Hand motor impairment persists after stroke. Sensory inputs may facilitate recovery of motor function. This pilot study tested the effectiveness of tactile sensory noise in improving hand motor function in chronic stroke survivors with tactile sensory deficits, using a repeated measures design. Sensory noise in the form of subthreshold, white noise, mechanical vibration was applied to the wrist skin during motor tasks. Hand dexterity assessed by the Nine Hole Peg Test and the Box and Block Test and pinch strength significantly improved when the sensory noise was turned on compared with when it was turned off in chronic stroke survivors. The subthreshold sensory noise to the wrist appears to induce improvements in hand motor function possibly via neuronal connections in the sensoriomotor cortex. The approach of applying concomitant, unperceivable mechanical vibration to the wrist during hand motor tasks is easily adoptable for clinic use as well as unsupervised home use. This pilot study suggests a potential for a wristband-type assistive device to complement hand rehabilitation for stroke survivors with sensorimotor deficit.
A New Kernelized Approach to Recommender System (2011)

본 논문에서는 커널 함수를 이용한 기법을 통한 추천 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 추천 시스템은 기계 학습 기법을 이용하여 새로운 아이템에 대한 사용자의 선호도를 예측하고 예측된 결과를 바탕으로 사용자가 선호할만한 아이템들을 추천한다. 일반적으로 사용자의 평가 정보는 잡음이 포함되어 있고 일관성이 적으므로 잡음에 영향을 적게 받는 이원 분류기인 이중 마진 Lagrangian support vector machine (DMLSVM) 을 사용한다. 제안된 기법은 MovieLens 데이터베이스에 적용하였다. 또한 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안된 방법의 우수성을 확인하였다. In this paper, a new kernelized approach for use in a recommender system (RS) is proposed. Using a machine learning technique, the proposed method predicts the user's preferences for unknown items and recommends items which are likely to be preferred by the user. Since the ratings of the users are generally inconsistent and noisy, a robust binary classifier called a dual margin Lagrangian support vector machine (DMLSVM) is employed to suppress the noise. The proposed method is applied to MovieLens databases, and its effectiveness is demonstrated via simulations.
Microfabricated Liquid Rocket Motors (2003)

Under NASA Glenn Research Center sponsorship, MIT has developed the concept of micromachined, bipropellant, liquid rocket engines. This is potentially a breakthrough technology changing the cost-performance tradeoffs for small propulsion systems, enabling new applications, and redefining the meaning of the term low-cost-access-to-space. With this NASA support, a liquid-cooled, gaseous propellant version of the thrust chamber and nozzle was designed, built, and tested as a first step. DARPA is currently funding MIT to demonstrate turbopumps and controls. The work performed herein was the second year of a proposed three-year effort to develop the technology and demonstrate very high power density, regeneratively cooled, liquid bipropellant rocket engine thrust chamber and nozzles. When combined with the DARPA turbopumps and controls, this work would enable the design and demonstration of a complete rocket propulsion system. The original MIT-NASA concept used liquid oxygen-ethanol propellants. The military applications important to DARPA imply that storable liquid propellants are needed. Thus, MIT examined various storable propellant combinations including N2O4 and hydrazine, and H2O2 and various hydrocarbons. The latter are preferred since they do not have the toxicity of N2O4 and hydrazine. In reflection of the newfound interest in H2O2, it is once again in production and available commercially. A critical issue for the microrocket engine concept is cooling of the walls in a regenerative design. This is even more important at microscale than for large engines due to cube-square scaling considerations. Furthermore, the coolant behavior of rocket propellants has not been characterized at microscale. Therefore, MIT designed and constructed an apparatus expressly for this purpose. The report details measurements of two candidate microrocket fuels, JP-7 and JP-10.
Modifying Surface Energy of Graphene via Plasma-Based Chemical Functionalization to Tune Thermal and Electrical Transport at Metal Interfaces (2015)

The high mobility exhibited by both supported and suspended graphene, as well as its large in-plane thermal conductivity, has generated much excitement across a variety of applications. As exciting as these properties are, one of the principal issues inhibiting the development of graphene technologies pertains to difficulties in engineering high-quality metal contacts on graphene. As device dimensions decrease, the thermal and electrical resistance at the metal/graphene interface plays a dominant role in degrading overall performance. Here we demonstrate the use of a low energy, electron-beam plasma to functionalize graphene with oxygen, fluorine, and nitrogen groups, as a method to tune the thermal and electrical transport properties across gold-single layer graphene (Au/SLG) interfaces. We find that while oxygen and nitrogen groups improve the thermal boundary conductance (hK) at the interface, their presence impairs electrical transport leading to increased contact resistance (ρC). Conversely, functionalization with fluorine has no impact on hK, yet ρC decreases with increasing coverage densities. These findings indicate exciting possibilities using plasma-based chemical functionalization to tailor the thermal and electrical transport properties of metal/2D material contacts.
Structural and Functional Analysis of the Pore-Forming Toxin NetB from Clostridium perfringens (2013)

Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic bacterium that causes numerous important human and animal diseases, primarily as a result of its ability to produce many different protein toxins. In chickens, C. perfringens causes necrotic enteritis, a disease of economic importance to the worldwide poultry industry. The secreted pore-forming toxin NetB is a key virulence factor in the pathogenesis of avian necrotic enteritis and is similar to alpha-hemolysin, a β-barrel pore-forming toxin from Staphylococcus aureus. To address the molecular mechanisms underlying NetB-mediated tissue damage, we determined the crystal structure of the monomeric form of NetB to 1.8 Å. Structural comparisons with other members of the alpha-hemolysin family revealed significant differences in the conformation of the membrane binding domain. These data suggested that NetB may recognize different membrane receptors or use a different mechanism for membrane-protein interactions. Consistent with this idea, electrophysiological experiments with planar lipid bilayers revealed that NetB formed pores with much larger single-channel conductance than alpha-hemolysin. Channel conductance varied with phospholipid net charge. Furthermore, NetB differed in its ion selectivity, preferring cations over anions. Using hemolysis as a screen, we carried out a random-mutagenesis study that identified several residues that are critical for NetB-induced cell lysis. Mapping of these residues onto the crystal structure revealed that they were clustered in regions predicted to be required for oligomerization or membrane binding. Together these data provide an insight into the mechanism of NetB-mediated pore formation and will contribute to our understanding of the mode of action of this important toxin. IMPORTANCE Necrotic enteritis is an economically important disease of the worldwide poultry industry and is mediated by Clostridium perfringens strains that produce NetB, a β-pore-forming toxin. We carried out structural and functional studies of NetB to provide a mechanistic insight into its mode of action and to assist in the development of a necrotic enteritis vaccine. We determined the structure of the monomeric form of NetB to 1.8 Å, used both site-directed and random mutagenesis to identify key residues that are required for its biological activity, and analyzed pore formation by NetB and its substitution-containing derivatives in planar lipid bilayers.
Convolutional Interaction Network for Natural Language Inference (2018)

Attention-based neural models have achieved great success in natural language inference (NLI). In this paper, we propose the Convolutional Interaction Network (CIN), a general model to capture the interaction between two sentences, which can be an alternative to the attention mechanism for NLI. Specifically, CIN encodes one sentence with the filters dynamically generated based on another sentence. Since the filters may be designed to have various numbers and sizes, CIN can capture more complicated interaction patterns. Experiments on three very large datasets demonstrate CIN's efficacy.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation ofN-Phenyl-N′-[1-[3-(1-aryl-4-piperazinyl)propan-2-ol]]ureas (1998)

N-Phenyl-N'-[1-[3-(1-aryl-4-piperazinyl)propan-2-ol]]ureas (3) were synthesized from the 3-phenylcarbamoyl-5-[(1-aryl-4-piperazinyl)methyl]-2-iminooxazolidine s (1) via the corresponding 2-oxazolidinones (2). The prepared compounds were screened for their antiallergic and analgesic activities.
Choline Transporter-Like Protein-2 (2015)

We introduce CTL-2 as a new binding partner for VWF. Interaction of neutrophils with VWF via CTL-2 allows anti-HNA-3a to induce signal transduction via CD11b/CD18, which leads to neutrophil activation and agglutination. In transfusion-related acute lung injury, this mechanism may further aggravate endothelial leakage.
Genetic Dissection of the Ionome (2009)

Understanding how organisms control their ionome or mineral nutrient and trace element composition, could have a significant impact on both plant and human health. Furthermore, associating the genetic determinants that underlie natural ionomics variation, with the landscape of the individuals that carry these genotypes, will provide insight into the genetic basis of adaptation and speciation. We have employed high-throughput mineral nutrient and trace element profiling, using inductively coupled plasma â mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), as a tool to determine the biological significance of connections between an organisms genome and its ionome. Our focus is on genes that control uptake and accumulation of mineral elements, including Ca, K, Mg, P (macronutrients in plant fertilizer), Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Zn, (micronutrients of significance to plant and human health) and As, Cd, Na and Pb (elements causing agricultural or environmental problems). To date we have analyzed the ionome of over 120,000 Arabidopsis plants, 7,800 rice grains and 40,000 yeast samples. This includes several Arabidopsis forward genetic screens (Lahner et al., 2003 Nat. Biotechnol. 21:1215), a screen of 360 natural Arabidopsis accession, and a complete analysis of all the ~10,000 strains of the yeast full genome deletion and over expression collections (Danku et al., 2009 JAAS 24: 103-107). We have successfully used PCR-based positional cloning, DNA microarray based approaches, QTL and association mapping to identify numerous genes that control the ionome (for example Rus et al., 2006 PLoS Genetics 2(12): e210; Baxter et al., 2008 PLoS Genetics 4(2):e1000004; Baxter et al., 2009 5(5):e1000492). Association of variation in genes with the landscape in which these plants naturally grow is starting to reveal the genetic architecture underlying specific adaptations to the environment. We are also finding that specific ionomic âfingerprintsâ are associated with functionally related sets of genes, and also with the physiological status of the organism (Baxter et al., 2008 PNAS 105: 12081-12086). To maximize the value of this ionomics approach, we have developed a publicly searchable online database containing over 2,000,000 ionomic data elements from over 1500 different experiments (www.ionomicshub.org; Baxter et al., 2007 Plant Physiol 143: 600-611), and the database is being updated regularly.
Integrated quality of service for multimedia communications (2002)

The integration of distributed multimedia systems around the unifying theme of quality of service (QOS) is addressed. A set of key QOS requirements is presented and mapped onto a provisional QOS architecture (QOS-A) that has emerged from a experimental system designed and implemented at Lancaster. The scope of the discussion is limited to aspects of a QOS-A for the support of continuous media communications. Also, the focus is on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) at the network layer rather than the full range of multiservice networks. Functions and mechanisms for QOS support are examined and placed within the evolving QOS-A.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>