gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Katalytische 1,4‐selektive Hydrosilylierung von Pyridinverbindungen und benzanellierten Verwandten (2013)

Radikal anders! Die Hydrosilylierung von Pyridin- und Chinolinverbindungen ist ausnahmslos 1,4-selektiv und verläuft wohl eher über einen einstufigen ionischen als den etablierten zweistufigen radikalischen Hydridtransfer von einem RuII-Hydridkomplex auf die Pyridinium- und Chinoliniumzwischenstufen (siehe Schema; ArF=3,5-(CF3)2C6H3). Selbst 4-substituierte Substrate reagieren hoch regioselektiv. Isochinolinverbindungen ergeben die 1,2-reduzierten Heterocyclen. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Cleavage strongly influences whether soluble HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers adopt a native-like conformation (2013)

We compare the antigenicity and conformation of soluble, cleaved vs. uncleaved envelope glycoprotein (Env gp)140 trimers from the subtype A HIV type 1 (HIV-1) strain BG505. The impact of gp120-gp41 cleavage on trimer structure, in the presence or absence of trimer-stabilizing modifications (i.e., a gp120-gp41 disulfide bond and an I559P gp41 change, together designated SOSIP), was assessed. Without SOSIP changes, cleaved trimers disintegrate into their gp120 and gp41-ectodomain (gp41ECTO) components; when only the disulfide bond is present, they dissociate into gp140 monomers. Uncleaved gp140s remain trimeric whether SOSIP substitutions are present or not. However, negative-stain electron microscopy reveals that only cleaved trimers form homogeneous structures resembling native Env spikes on virus particles. In contrast, uncleaved trimers are highly heterogeneous, adopting a variety of irregular shapes, many of which appear to be gp120 subunits dangling from a central core that is presumably a trimeric form of gp41ECTO. Antigenicity studies with neutralizing and nonneutralizing antibodies are consistent with the EM images; cleaved, SOSIP-stabilized trimers express quaternary structure-dependent epitopes, whereas uncleaved trimers expose nonneutralizing gp120 and gp41ECTO epitopes that are occluded on cleaved trimers. These findings have adverse implications for using soluble, uncleaved trimers for structural studies, and the rationale for testing uncleaved trimers as vaccine candidates also needs to be reevaluated.
Event-driven contrastive divergence for spiking neuromorphic systems (2014)

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) and Deep Belief Networks have been demonstrated to perform efficiently in a variety of applications, such as dimensionality reduction, feature learning, and classification. Their implementation on neuromorphic hardware platforms emulating large-scale networks of spiking neurons can have significant advantages from the perspectives of scalability, power dissipation and real-time interfacing with the environment. However, the traditional RBM architecture and the commonly used training algorithm known as Contrastive Divergence (CD) are based on discrete updates and exact arithmetics which do not directly map onto a dynamical neural substrate. Here, we present an event-driven variation of CD to train a RBM constructed with Integrate & Fire (I&F) neurons, that is constrained by the limitations of existing and near future neuromorphic hardware platforms. Our strategy is based on neural sampling, which allows us to synthesize a spiking neural network that samples from a target Boltzmann distribution. The recurrent activity of the network replaces the discrete steps of the CD algorithm, while Spike Time Dependent Plasticity (STDP) carries out the weight updates in an online, asynchronous fashion. We demonstrate our approach by training an RBM composed of leaky I&F neurons with STDP synapses to learn a generative model of the MNIST hand-written digit dataset, and by testing it in recognition, generation and cue integration tasks. Our results contribute to a machine learning-driven approach for synthesizing networks of spiking neurons capable of carrying out practical, high-level functionality.
Methylthiodeoxynivalenol (MTD): insight into the chemistry, structure and toxicity of thia-Michael adducts of trichothecenes (2014)

Methylthiodeoxynivalenol (MTD), a novel derivative of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), was prepared by applying a reliable procedure for the formal Michael addition of methanethiol to the conjugated double bond of DON. Structure elucidation revealed the preferred formation of the hemiketal form of MTD by intramolecular cyclisation between C8 and C15. Computational investigations showed a negative total reaction energy for the hemiketalisation step and its decrease in comparison with theoretical model compounds. Therefore, this structural behaviour seems to be a general characteristic of thia-Michael adducts of type B trichothecenes. MTD was shown to be less inhibitory for a reticulocyte lysate based in vitro translation system than the parent compound DON, which supports the hypothesis that trichothecenes are detoxified through thia-adduct formation during xenobiotic metabolism.
Orientation and Morphological Evolution of Catalyst Nanoparticles During Carbon Nanotube Growth (2010)

We examined the structure, morphology, and orientation of catalyst nanoparticles used for seeding and growing multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition in CH4/H2 gas mixtures. Iron catalyst nanocrystals are converted to Fe3C in CH4/H2 plasmas and the MWCNTs grow from Fe3C nanocrystals. Initially faceted and equiaxed catalyst nanocrystals are distorted and elongated significantly once a tubular CNT structure is formed around the catalyst particles. Eventually, catalysts deform into elongated tear-drop shapes. Once this morphology forms, CNT structures produced are straight and have uniform diameters. Surprisingly, the Fe3C nanocrystals located inside the base of well-graphitized nanotubes do not exhibit a preferred orientation relative to the nanotube axis. Catalyst nanocrystals in a variety of orientations relative to the nanotube axis still produce well-graphitized nanotubes with similar diameters and structures.
The stability of uric acid in ammonium hydroxide. (1988)

We examined the stability of uric acid in dilute aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution by mass spectrometry. Uric acid decomposes in ammonium hydroxide even as dilute as 15 mmol/L when the mole ratio of ammonium hydroxide to uric acid is 50:1. There are at least four products of the decomposition, two of which have been identified as allantoin and urea. The slope of the decomposition curve indicates that uric acid is destroyed at an initial rate of 2-3% per hour. In ammonium hydroxide at a concentration of 1 mmol/L and a mole ratio of ammonium hydroxide to uric acid of less than or equal to 3.4, uric acid is not detectably decomposed. Evidently, any method for determination of uric acid that involves treating the analyte with ammonium hydroxide before analysis may destroy it. Therefore, a published method described as being "definitive" for uric acid (J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1985; 23:129-35) could produce incorrect results because it involves storing the uric acid in 15 mmol/L ammonium hydroxide at a mole ratio of ammonium hydroxide to uric acid of greater than 120:1.
IL-1β- and IL-4-induced down-regulation of autotaxin mRNA and PC-1 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (2001)

Autotaxin (ATX) is a 125-kD ectonucleotide pyrophosphate/phosphodiesterase, which was initially isolated and cloned from human melanoma cells as a potent stimulator of tumour cell motility. ATX shows 44% identity to the plasma cell membrane marker PC-1. Recently, we described the decreased expression of ATX mRNA in cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (SFC) of patients with RA by interferon-gamma. In this study using a competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we show an increased ATX mRNA expression in SFC from patients with RA in comparison with synoviocytes from non-RA patients. The median ATX mRNA amount in SFC of RA patients (440 pg/microg total RNA) was five-fold higher than the expression in synoviocytes from non-RA patients (80 pg/microg total RNA) or foreskin fibroblasts (MRHF cells, 90 pg/microg total RNA). In contrast to the elevated ATX mRNA expression in SFC of patients with RA, we did not measure increased mRNA amounts of PC-1 in these cells. Both the ATX mRNA amount and the 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity of SFC lysate were reduced after treatment of SFC with the cytokines IL-1beta or IL-4. IL-1beta and IL-4 induced a down-regulation of PC-1 mRNA and protein expression in SFC. In SFC treated with transforming growth factor-beta the expression of PC-1 mRNA and protein was increased, whereas no significant effect on ATX mRNA expression was detectable. Pharmacological drugs used in therapy for RA, such as dexamethasone, cyclosporin, methotrexate and indomethacin, did not show a statistically significant effect on either ATX mRNA or PC-1 mRNA expression. Only pentoxifylline suppressed ATX mRNA as well as PC-1 mRNA expression. In conclusion, we show a tight regulation of ATX and PC-1 gene expression by cytokines detectable in the inflamed tissue of RA. Further investigations will deal with the regulation of ATX protein expression as well as with the function of ATX in RA.
Functional analysis of two bean nitrate reductase promoters in transgenic tobacco (1996)

Transcription of nitrate reductase ( NR ) genes is regulated by nitrate as well as a variety of other environmental and developmental factors. Two NR genes have previously been characterized in bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ). Both genes are nitrate‐ and light‐inducible and their mRNA expression level displays a circadian rhythm. The two genes, NR1 and NR2 , show differences in developmental and tissue‐specific expression. In order to deliniate elements in the NR1 and NR2 promoters that are involved in these expression patterns, eight 5′deleted versions of the NR1 promoter and one fragment of the NR2 promoter were cloned in front of the GUS reporter gene and transformed into tobacco. Approximately 50% of the regenerated transformants expressed detectable levels of GUS activity. For the eight NR1 promoter deletion constructs, differences in promoter strength were observed indicating both positive and negative elements in the promoter. For both the NR1 and the NR2 promoter‐GUS constructs no significant nitrate regulation could be detected in the transgenic plants. A possible explanation for this is that elements needed for proper nitrate regulation of the NR1 and NR2 genes are located outside the analysed 3 500 bp and 1 400 bp promoter regions, respectively. A diurnal rhythm regulation similar to that seen for the endogenous nitrate reductase in bean plants, could be found for the GUS mRNA expression in several of the transformants containing the NR1 and NR2 promoter‐GUS constructs.
Genetic characterization and antimicrobial profiling of bacterial isolates collected from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) affected by summer mortality syndrome (2022)

In recent years, Egyptian tilapia aquaculture has experienced mortality episodes during the summer months. The causative agents responsible for such mortalities have not been clearly identified. A total of 400 fish specimens were collected from affected tilapia farms within five Egyptian governorates. A total of 344 bacterial isolates were identified from the examined fish specimens. Bacterial isolates were grouped into seven genera based on API 20E results. The most prevalent pathogens were Aeromonas spp. (42%), Vibrio spp. (21%), and Streptococcus agalactiae (14.5%). Other emerging infections like, Plesiomonas shigelloides (10%), Staphyloccocus spp. (8%), Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, and Acinetobacter lwoffii (2.3%) were also detected. Sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA bacterial gene of some isolates, confirmed the phenotypic identification results. The analysis of antibiotic resistance genes revealed the presence of aac(6')-Ib-cr (35.7%), blaCTX gene (23.8%), qnrS (19%), ampC (16.7%), floR (14.3%), sul1, tetA, and van.C1 (2.4%) genes in some isolates. The antimicrobia resistance gene, qac was reported in 46% of screened isolates. Bacterial strains showed variable virulence genes profiles. Aeromonas spp. harboured (act, gcat, aerA, lip, fla, and ser) genes. All Vibrio spp. possessed the hlyA gene, while cylE, hylB, and lmb genes, were detected in S. agalactiae strains. Our findings point to the possible role of the identified bacterial pathogens in tilapia summer mortality syndrome and highlight the risk of the irresponsible use of antibiotics on antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF FUSED, SPIRO, AND METACYCLOPHANE RINGS VIA INTRAMOLECULAR CARBANION ATTACK ON ARENE‐CHROMIUM COMPLEXES (1977)

Abstract Die Umsetzung der Komplexe (I) mit dem Li‐piperidid (A) bei leicht unterschiedlichen Reaktionsbedingungen bewirkt eine Cyclisierung; anschließende oxidative Behandlung führt zu den Nitrilen (II) oder anschließende Behandlung mit Säure zu stellungsisomeren Olefinen wie z.B. (III) bzw. (IV); neben letzterem wird auch die Spiroverbindung (V) (Diastereomerengemisch) isoliert.
Review of the Metropolitan Water Plan: Final Report (2006)

This report was commissioned by the NSW Cabinet Office to review the Metropolitan Water Plan 2004 (DIPNR, 2004a), and was undertaken by the Institute for Sustainable Futures at the University of Technology, Sydney and ACIL Tasman with technical advice from SMEC Australia. In February 2006, our interim review report (ISF, 2006) showed how the supply-demand balance in 2015 could be met with rain-fed supply and a suite of demand management initiatives, and how Sydneys water needs could be secured against the risk of severe drought by having the capacity to deploy groundwater and desalination.
Self-sensing atomic force microscopy cantilevers based on tunnel magnetoresistance sensors (2013)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ali Tavassolizadeh, Tobias Meier, Karsten Rott, Günter Reiss, Eckhard Quandt, Hendrik Hölscher, Dirk Meyners; Self-sensing atomic force microscopy cantilevers based on tunnel magnetoresistance sensors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 15 April 2013; 102 (15): 153104. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4801315 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
EXSED: An Intelligent Tool for Exploration of Social Events Dynamics from Augmented Trajectories (2013)

The dynamics of social events happening in large metropolitan areas are extremely complex. Location-based user generated data could be an exceptionally rich source of information about events, however the vastness and the heterogeneity of such information makes it almost impossible for city managers to have a comprehensive view. Some events are planned and advertised only among restricted communities, for many it is problematic to estimate the number of attendees, and in general it is very difficult to have information about citizen mobility in areas nearby or where events happen. In this paper, we describe EXSED, an interactive intelligent tool to support the visual exploration of social events dynamics along the spatial, temporal and organizational dimensions. Major functionalities include: (i) studying events that are either officially/unofficially planned and with global/local scope, (ii) extract discussion topics for an event and investigate their temporal and spatial profile, (iii) estimate event attendees and correlate their mobility patterns with the event evolution. We present preliminary results of a field study with officials from Dublin City Council (Ireland), who evaluated our tool on real world user-generated tweeter data and events in the city.
Role of an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2in oxidant-induced renal cell death (2002)

Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) hydrolyzes the sn-2 ester bond in phospholipids, releasing a fatty acid and a lysophospholipid. Recently, a novel 85-kDa membrane-bound-Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) (iPLA(2)) was identified in insect and bacterial cells transfected with candidate PLA(2) sequences. However, few data exist demonstrating a membrane-bound-iPLA(2) in mammalian cells, its subcellular localization, or its physiological role. Herein, we demonstrate the expression of an 85-kDa endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Ca(2+)-iPLA(2) (ER-iPLA(2)) in rabbit renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC) that is plasmalogen selective and is inhibited by the specific Ca(2+)-iPLA(2) inhibitor bromoenol lactone (BEL). RPTC exposed to tert-butylhydroperoxide for 24 h exhibited 20% oncosis compared with 2% in controls. Inhibition of ER-iPLA(2) with BEL before tert-butylhydroperoxide exposure resulted in 50% oncosis. To determine whether this effect was common to oxidants, we tested the ability of BEL to potentiate oncosis induced by cumene hydroperoxide, menadione, duraquinone, cisplatin, and the nonoxidant antimycin A. All oxidants tested produced oncosis after 24 h, and prior inhibition of ER-iPLA(2) potentiated oncosis at least twofold. In contrast, inhibition of ER-iPLA(2) did not alter antimycin A-induced oncosis. Lipid peroxidation increased from 1.4- to 5.2-fold in RPTC treated with BEL before oxidant exposure, whereas no change was seen in antimycin A-treated RPTC. These results are the first to demonstrate the expression and subcellular localization of an ER-iPLA(2). These results also suggest that ER-iPLA(2) functions to protect against oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation and oncosis.
HTS thin films: Passive microwave components and systems integration issues (1995)

The excellent microwave properties of the High-Temperature-Superconductors (HTS) have been amply demonstrated in the laboratory by techniques such as resonant cavity, power transmission and microstrip resonator measurements. The low loss and high Q passive structures made possible with HTS, present attractive options for applications in commercial, military and spacebased systems. However, to readily insert HTS into these systems improvement is needed in such areas as repeatability in the deposition and processing of the HTS films, metal-contact formation, wire bonding, and overall film endurance to fabrication and assembly procedures. In this paper we present data compiled in our lab which illustrate many of the problems associated with these issues. Much of this data were obtained in the production of a space qualified hybrid receiver-downconverter module for the Naval Research Laboratory's High Temperature Superconductivity Space Experiment 2 (HTSSE-2). Examples of variations observed in starting films and finished circuits will be presented. It is shown that under identical processing the properties of the HTS films can degrade to varying extents. Finally, we present data on ohmic contacts and factors affecting their adhesion to HTS films, strength of wire bonds made to such contacts, and aging effects.
R&D of ECR ion sources: news and perspectives (2003)

The future accelerators need ion beams with higher charge state and higher current. This demand will be met by the generation Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) which will make use of improved plasma confinement by means of higher magnetic field and of higher microwave frequency, thus boosting the performance of nowadays ECRIS operating at the frequency of 14 and 18 GHz. The possibility to obtain confining fields exceeding 4 tesla, by means of special design of NbTi superconducting magnets, open the way to a new operational domain, at the typical frequencies of gyrotrons, above 28 GHz, with plasma densities never achieved before in ECRIS (10 13 cm -3 and higher). The test of SERSE at 28 GHz, confirming the theoretical frame on which the third generation ECR sources design is based, will be presented; a synthetic review of the new generation ECRIS is carried out, with a particular emphasis on the design of the GyroSERSE source. Finally, the scheme of an innovative hybrid source will be outlined and a short description of the ECLISSE (Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source Coupled to a Laser Ion Source for charge State Enhancement) experiment is hereinafter presented.
Search for $$ \mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{H} $$ production in the all-jet final state in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV (2018)

A bstract A search is presented for the associated production of a Higgs boson with a top quark pair in the all-jet final state. Events containing seven or more jets are selected from a sample of proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb −1 . To separate the $$ \mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{H} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> </mml:math> signal from the irreducible $$ \mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}+\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> background, the analysis assigns leading order matrix element signal and background probability densities to each event. A likelihood-ratio statistic based on these probability densities is used to extract the signal. The results are provided in terms of an observed ttH signal strength relative to the standard model production cross section μ = σ / σ SM , assuming a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV. The best fit value is $$ \widehat{\mu}=0.9\pm 0.7\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 1.3\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)=0.9\pm 1.5\left(\mathrm{tot}\right) $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.9</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mi>stat</mml:mi> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.3</mml:mn> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mi>syst</mml:mi> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.9</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.5</mml:mn> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mi>tot</mml:mi> </mml:mfenced> </mml:math> , and the observed and expected upper limits are, respectively, μ &lt; 3.8 and &lt; 3.1 at 95% confidence levels.