gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flight Testing Surfaces Engineered for Mitigating Insect Adhesion on a Falcon HU-25C (2015)

Insect residue contamination on aircraft wings can decrease fuel efficiency in aircraft designed for natural laminar flow. Insect residues can cause a premature transition to turbulent flow, increasing fuel burn and making the aircraft less environmentally friendly. Surfaces, designed to minimize insect residue adhesion, were evaluated through flight testing on a Falcon HU-25C aircraft flown along the coast of Virginia and North Carolina. The surfaces were affixed to the wing leading edge and the aircraft remained at altitudes lower than 1000 feet throughout the flight to assure high insect density. The number of strikes on the engineered surfaces was compared to, and found to be lower than, untreated aluminum control surfaces flown concurrently. Optical profilometry was used to determine insect residue height and areal coverage. Differences in results between flight and laboratory tests suggest the importance of testing in realistic use environments to evaluate the effectiveness of engineered surface designs.
[Conjugate vaccines against bacterial infections: typhoid fever]. (1992)

Capsular polysaccharides have been studied as possible vaccines against infectious diseases. However, they are capable to induce only short-run protection because of their T-independent properties and they would not be protective against infection in high-risk populations. The alternative to face this problem is to develop methods to join covalently the polysaccharide and proteins to both increase the immunogenicity of and to confer the property of T-dependence to this antigen. In order to obtain a conjugate vaccine against typhoid fever, in our laboratory we have tried to synthesize a conjugate immunogen between the Vi antigen and porins from Salmonella typhi.
PMEPA1, a transforming growth factor-beta-induced marker of terminal colonocyte differentiation whose expression is maintained in primary and metastatic colon cancer. (2003)

To identify potential effectors of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-mediated suppression of colon cancer, we used GeneChip expression microarrays to identify TGF-beta-induced genes in VACO 330, a nontransformed TGF-beta-sensitive cell line derived from a human adenomatous colon polyp. PMEPA1 was identified as a gene highly up-regulated by TGF-beta treatment of VACO 330. Northern blot analysis confirmed TGF-beta induction of PMEPA1 in VACO 330, as well as a panel of three other TGF-beta-sensitive colon cell lines. PMEPA1 induction could be detected as early as 2 h after TGF-beta treatment and was not inhibited by pretreatment of cells with cycloheximide, suggesting that PMEPA1 is a direct target of TGF-beta signaling. Wild-type PMEPA1 and an alternative splice variant lacking the putative transmembrane domain were encoded by the PMEPA1 locus and were shown by epitope tagging to encode proteins with differing subcellular localization. Both variants were found to be expressed in normal colonic epithelium, and both were shown to be induced by TGF-beta. Consistent with TGF-beta playing a role in terminal differentiation of colonocytes, in situ hybridization of normal colonic epithelium localized PMEPA1 expression to nonproliferating, terminally differentiated epithelium located at the top of colonic crypts. Intriguingly, in situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis showed that the expression of PMEPA1 was well maintained both in colon cancer primary tumors and in colon cancer liver metastases. PMEPA1 is thus a novel TGF-beta-induced marker of a differentiated crypt cell population. Moreover, as PMEPA1 expression is maintained, presumptively in a TGF-beta-independent manner after malignant transformation and metastasis, it demonstrates that even late colon cancers retain a strong capacity to execute many steps of the normal colonic differentiation program.
Genotoxicity studies on HM10760A, recombinant human erythropoietin conjugated to globin fragment (2009)

HM10760A is a recombinant human erythropoietin chemically conjugated to the N-terminus of human immunoglobulin Fc fragment through a polyethylene glycol linker. HM10760A was shown to have a relatively long half-life, compared with unconjugated recombinant erythropoietin. In this study, the genotoxicity of HM10760A was investigated by using a test battery of three different methods. In the Ames assay, five strains (TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA) were tested at six concentrations of 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100microg/plate. HM10760A did not increase the number of revertant colonies in any tester strains with and without metabolic activation by rat-liver S9 mix. Subsequently, in vitro chromosomal aberration test, using Chinese hamster lung cells, were conducted at the concentrations of 25, 50, and 100microg/mL. HM10760A did not induce chromosomal aberrations either in the short-period (6 hours) test with or without rat-liver S9 mix or in the continuous-treatment (24 hours) test. In the in vivo bone marrow micronucleus assay using the male ICR (imprinting control region) mouse, HM10760A was subcutaneously administered twice at 24-hour intervals at doses of 0, 150, 300, and 600microg/kg. HM10760A produced a slight, but statistically significant, increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes at 600microg/kg. However, no biological significance was assumed, because this value was within the historical control range. From these findings obtained from the genotoxicity assays performed in this study, it appears unlikely that HM10760A acts as a genotoxic agent in vitro and in vivo.
Design Principle for Realizing Low Bending Losses in All-Solid Photonic Bandgap Fibers (2011)

In this paper, the structural dependence of factor which mainly affects a bending loss property is theoretically investigated in all-solid photonic bandgap fibers (PBGFs). A design principle for realizing low bending losses is successfully figured out for the first-order photonic bandgap (PBG). In particular, one of the origins which causes the variation of bending loss property for each structural parameter is identified. In addition, we show that exploitation of a large pitch relative to a rod diameter, aiming to realize a large-mode area (LMA) structure, leads to a significant degradation of the bending loss property. Moreover, it is demonstrated that a V-value which is proposed for all-solid PBGFs is also reduced significantly for the LMA condition. The origin of the degradation is attributed to the newly-excited Bloch state which determines the second-order PBG edge.
Visualisation Method Toolkit: a shared vocabulary to face complexity (2019)

With companies, universities, individuals or entire departments, concerning practical, theoretical, simply partnership or open innovation, today, promoting open dialogue, constant interdisciplinary collaboration is a challenge that still meets some resistance. Learning to deal with complexity, with the coexistence of different points of view, learning to work in more heterogeneous teams, in relation to know-how combined in new, sometimes original and challenging formulations, brings with its particular needs. From the importance of a language and a shared vocabulary to the ever-increasing need to work on tools and not just applications, from the constant promotion of collaboration and contamination between different backgrounds and disciplines to the guarantee of a continuous training process through laboratory activities and workshop, this contribution - through the Visualisation Method Toolkit project and its experimentation - investigates the potential of data visualization as a medium to bring design closer to the company's core business as well as support students, institutions and other organizations in communication, both in the analysis and/or scenario phase and in support of dissemination actions towards a more informed quanti/qualitative collective decision making with the aim of enabling new innovative and sustainable good practices.
Measurement of Gas-Surface Accommodation (2008)

Thermal accommodation coefficients have been determined for a variety of gas‐surface combinations using an experimental apparatus developed to measure both the pressure dependence of the conductive heat flux and the variation of gas density between parallel plates separated by a gas‐filled gap. Effects of gas composition, surface roughness and surface contamination have been examined with this system, and the behavior of gas mixtures has also been explored. Results are discussed in comparison with previous parallel‐plate experimental studies as well as numerical simulations.
Automatic Decomposition of Safety Integrity Levels: Optimization by Tabu Search (2013)

Abstract. Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASILs) are used by ISO 26262, the new automotive functional safety standard, to categorize the stringency of safety requirements. In the course of a hierarchical system design, ASILs are iteratively allocated to subsystems and components. This ASIL decomposition allows for redundant elements to share the responsibility of meeting a given ASIL and finding efficient decomposition solutions has a significant, positive, impact on development costs. This paper describes a novel technique that uses Tabu Search to explore the solution space efficiently. We have applied the technique to a case study of a hybrid braking system.
Quasielastic neutron scattering study of microscopic dynamics in polybutadiene reinforced with an unsaturated carboxylate (2017)

We studied the dynamics of zinc diacrylate (ZDA) reinforced polybutadiene rubber (BR) (ZDA/BR) using the quasielastic neutron scattering technique to determine the effect of concentration of ZDA on polymer dynamics. First, we evaluated the temperature dependence of mean square displacements (〈u<sup>2</sup>〉) for ZDA/BR with different ZDA volume fractions. 〈u<sup>2</sup>〉 increased with temperature below 170 K, and we observed no significant ZDA volume fraction dependence. However, it increased more steeply above 170 K, and the value of 〈u<sup>2</sup>〉 was smaller for the samples with increasing ZDA fraction. To elucidate the origin of the decrease in 〈u<sup>2</sup>〉 with increasing ZDA content, dynamic scattering laws (S(Q,ω)) were analyzed. An increase in the elastic component, an increase in the mean relaxation time, and a broadening of distribution of relaxation time were observed with the increasing volume fraction of ZDA. In addition, the ZDA volume fraction dependence of the elastic component roughly corresponded to that of elastic modulus, indicating that the elastic component is related to its mechanical strength. Referring to the previously reported static structure of the present ZDA/BR system, a model for the heterogeneous BR dynamics was proposed. This model assumes the coexistence of immobile, mobile, and interfacial constrained mobile regions. It was found to be appropriate for the explanation of the observed dynamics. We proposed that a network-like structure of the BR having a high crosslinking density around ZDA aggregates is mainly responsible for the high elastic modulus of ZDA/BR.
11E-4 Application of a Vibrating Membrane Model to Bulk-Acoustic-Wave Resonators (2007)

For a three-dimensional description of rectangular BAW resonators, a simple vibrating membrane model is revisited. Displacement profiles from this model are compared to measured profiles. Furthermore, a method for extraction of dispersion characteristics from electrical measurements is proposed and verified against interferometry measurements.
The Insect Viruses (2012)

Entomopoxviruses L.A. King, et al. Invertebrate Iridescent Viruses T. Williams. Nudiviruses J.P. Burand. The Ascoviruses L.K. Miller. Polydnaviruses B.A. Webb. Biological and Molecular Properties of Densoviruses and Their Use in Protein Expression and Biological Control M. Bergoin, P. Tijssen. Structural Studies of Nodaviruses and Tetraviruses J.E. Johnson, V. Reddy. Nodaviruses of Insects L.A. Ball, K.L. Johnson. Tetraviruses K.H.J. Gordon, T.N. Hanzlik. The Picornalike Viruses of Insects P.D. Christian, P.D. Scotti. Cypoviruses S. Belloncik, H. Mori. RNA Virus Expression Systems K. Olson, et al. Index.
Reduced 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in experimental nephrotic syndrome (2002)

PAN- or adriamycin-treated rats develop proteinuria with a reduced activity of 11beta-HSD, a mechanism contributing to the abnormal sodium retention in nephrotic syndrome.
Metallorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Ru and RuO[sub 2] Using Ruthenocene Precursor and Oxygen Gas (2000)

Thin films of Ru and were deposited using ruthenocene and oxygen as a precursor and reaction gas, respectively. Two phases, Ru and , could be deposited using the same source and reaction gas. The phase of the as‐deposited film was found to be critically dependent on the deposition process parameters such as precursor partial pressure, oxygen partial pressure, and substrate temperature. A decrease in precursor partial pressure by either reducing carrier gas flow rate or bubbler temperature led to formation while a decrease in oxygen partial pressure resulted in Ru formation. It was also identified that there exists a substrate temperature range in which a Ru film is deposited at a given processing condition. When the temperature is either higher or lower than this temperature range, film deposition results. From careful analysis of the film deposition rate in conjunction with the evolution of the film phase, we conclude that film deposition occurs by two independent processes. One is the source gas decomposition process resulting in Ru film deposition, and the other is the oxidation of the Ru film resulting in deposition. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Putative NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold protein is involved in chitosan-induced peroxidase activity and lipoxygenase expression in Physcomitrella (2023)

Abstract Oxidative burst, the rapid production of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to external stimuli, is an early defense reaction against pathogens. The fungal elicitor chitosan causes an oxidative burst in the moss Physcomitrella (new species name: Physcomitrium patens ) mainly due to the peroxidase enzyme Prx34. To better understand the chitosan responses in Physcomitrella, we conducted a screen of part of a P. patens mutant collection to isolate plants with less peroxidase activity than wild-type plants after chitosan treatment. We isolated a P. patens mutant that affected the gene encoding NAD(P)-binding Rossmann fold protein (hereafter, Rossmann fold protein). Three Rossmann fold protein-knockout (KO) plants (named Rossmann fold KO-lines) were generated and used to assess extracellular peroxidase activity and expression of defense-responsive genes including alternative oxidase (AOX), lipoxygenase (LOX), NADPH-oxidase (NOX) and peroxidase (Prx34) in response to chitosan treatment. Extracellular (apoplastic) peroxidase activity was significantly lower in Rossmann fold KO-lines than in wild-type plants after chitosan treatments. Expression of the LOX gene in Rossmann-fold KO-plants was significantly lower before and after chitosan treatment when compared to WT. Peroxidase activity assays together with gene expression analyses suggest that the Rossmann-fold protein might be an important component of the signaling pathway leading to oxidative burst and basal expression of the LOX gene in Physcomitrella.
Mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers and applications (2011)

Quantum Cascade (QC) lasers are a rapidly evolving mid-infrared and THz, semiconductor laser technology based on intersubband transitions in multiple coupled quantum wells. The lasers' strengths are their wavelength tailorability, high performance and fascinating design potential. The authors will first give a brief introduction into QC lasers followed by a discussion of several recent highlights, such as the quest for high performance QC lasers, especially high efficiency and single-mode operation, and the implementation of unconventional laser schemes. The authors will also discuss several applications, predominantly trace gas sensing applications.
Thymoma regressing spontaneously; a case report. (1994)

広範な壊死により自然退縮した胸腺腫の1例を経験した.症例は50歳女性で, 背部痛で発症し, 胸部X線写真, 胸部CTにて前縦隔腫瘍と診断され, 当院へ紹介となった.当院における胸部X線写真, 胸部MRIにおいて, 腫瘍の著明な縮小が認められた.胸骨縦切開にて, thymo-thymectomy を施行した.腫瘍は胸腺右葉から発生し, 組織学的にはリンパ球優位の非浸潤性胸腺腫と診断されたが, 線維性給合組織の増生が目立ち, ほとんどの細胞が壊死におちいっていた.腫瘍の自然退縮はまれに存在することが報告されているが, 胸腺腫の自然退縮については, 道津ら, 小川ら, 藤原らの報告を見るのみで, 非常にまれと考えられるので報告する.
Perceived age and perceived health among a Chinese cohort: Does it mean the same thing? (2020)

Distinct skin features were acting as cues for age perception and/or health perception and varied per age subset. Their contribution should be borne in mind when designing products for 'younger looking skin' and 'healthier looking skin'.
Analytical modeling for determination of pull-in voltage for an electrostatic actuated MEMS cantilever beam (2004)

A new analytical model has been developed for determining the pull-in voltage of an electrostatic actuated microelectromechanical system (MEMS) cantilever beam. The model takes into account the beam curvature caused by residual stress or stress gradient in the beam material. It can be used to model straight, curled and beam with mixture of straight and curled sections. Modeling result has been compared with published work of other researchers as well as with experimental measurement of this work and is found to be accurate.
Critical overview of mitochondrial nitric-oxide synthase (2006)

The recent discovery of mitochondrial nitric-oxide synthase (mtNOS) has provided novel information on mitochondrial biology. mtNOS, localized at the inner membrane, functions as one of the important regulatory factors that affect cellular respiration in mitochondria. The distribution of mtNOS in diverse organs of many species suggests its biological importance. Changes in mtNOS expression and activity in many pathophysiological situations may imply its significant involvement in various NO-related biological phenomena. The functional coordination of mtNOS with other NOSs present in the same or adjacent tissues is unknown as it is most of the regulatory mechanisms of mtNOS expression. Thus, future studies will be required to validate the physiological significance of mtNOS, and to elucidate its regulatory mechanisms on cellular energy metabolism in mitochondria.
Power sharing control in VSC based MT-HVDC for integration of off-shore power generation (2017)

Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based multi-terminal HVDC transmission system is an effective and reliable way for integrating off-shore wind power generations with onshore AC grid. In this paper, decoupled control of active and reactive power flow is established by modelling VSC controllers in synchronous d-q reference frame. A four terminal VSC-HVDC system is developed in PSCAD/EMTDC and simulated to observe voltage margin and voltage droop control. Simulation results show robust performance of the MT-HVDC system during normal as well as system disturbance condition. Power sharing coordination between grid side converters and DC link voltage regulation are done without any communication link which is an important aspect of using VSC based HVDC.
Closed-loop load balancing: comparison of a discrete event simulation with experiments (2005)

Load balancing for parallel computations is modeled as a deterministic dynamic nonlinear time-delay system. This model accounts for the trade-off between using processor time/network bandwidth and the advantage of distributing the load evenly between the nodes to reduce overall processing time. A distributed closed-loop controller is presented to balance load dynamically at each node by using not only the local estimate of the queue size of other nodes, but also estimates of the number of tasks in transit. A discrete event simulation using OPNET Modeler is presented and compared with experimental data, and results indicate good agreement between the nonlinear time-delay model and the behaviors observed on a parallel computer network. Moreover, both simulations and experiments show a dramatic increase in performance obtained using the proposed closed-loop controller.
High-performance patch antennas based on NonPeriodic artificial planes (2017)

Several novel high-performance patch antennas based on non-periodic artificial planes composed by specific artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) or electric band gap (EBG) structures are proposed. Firstly, aiming at improving current uniformity for high gain, a stub-loaded artificial magnetic conductor (SLAMC) structure is proposed as the ground plane of a patch antenna to achieve a gain enhancement of 1.73dB compared with ordinary square AMC plane. For further enhancement, a novel cylindrically-projected artificial plane composed by non-periodic rectangle AMC (RAMC) structure is presented, and it can be similarly equivalent to a cylindrical metal reflector for strongly focusing electromagnetic waves to realize an extremely directive antenna with high aperture efficiency of over 90%. On the basis, a novel spherically-projected RAMC plane is applied in dual-polarized patch antennas to realize very high aperture efficiency of over 100% and very high polarization-isolation of over 55dB. In addition, a new off-center EBG structure is also used as a unit cell of nonperiodic artificial plane, which introduce additional adjustable method in uniform period for performance improvement.
Secondary user VoIP capacity in opportunistic spectrum access networks with friendly scheduling (2012)

In conventional cognitive radio networks it is usually assumed that the primary network remains unchanged. The onus is then placed on the secondary network users to make the best use of any residual radio capacity. In some situations however, the primary network operator may wish to accommodate secondary user access. This objective has motivated recent work which considers simple modifications at the primary user stations that would lead to better secondary spectrum availability. In this paper primary base station scheduling mechanisms are proposed which are designed to be friendly from a secondary network user perspective. We focus on packet scheduling algorithms which maximize friendliness when the secondary users are transmitting real-time VoIP traffic. An optimization problem is first formulated which can maximize friendliness over finite time intervals. An on-line scheduling algorithm is then proposed which attempts to achieve this goal. This is done by having the primary network temporally shape its residual capacity subject to satisfying its own packet deadline constraints. Simulation results are presented which show that our proposed scheme results in better secondary user real-time traffic support compared with conventional scheduling.