gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survival without Progressive Impairment As a Novel Endpoint in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (2015)

A primary goal in the management of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is to prevent the progression of organ-specific and global functional impairment due to the natural history of cGVHD or its treatment. We tested a definition of progressive impairment in a multicenter cohort. Of the measures recommended by the 2005 NIH Consensus Conference, changes in 21 items having face validity for "impairment" were selected from these categories: clinician-reported organ involvement; FEV1; and patient-reported performance status and physical function. 575 patients were evaluated, and 237 (41%) met criteria for progressive impairment during a median of 39.9 (range 3.8 to 69.2) months of follow-up. 125 (53%) had progressive impairment on the basis of clinically assessed measures, 61 (26%) on the basis of patient-reported performance status or physical function, and 51 (22%) on the basis of more than one category. The top 5 items indicating progressive impairment were: decline in FEV1 by 10% (81/237), decrease in the Human Activity Profile Adjusted Activity Score (HAP AAS) score by ≥0.5 standard deviation (76/237), increase in the global measure of skin sclerotic changes (70/237), increase in the fascia score (57/237), and increase in the global skin score (51/237). Rates of survival without progressive impairment or relapse were 72% at 6 months, 52% at 12 months, and 35% at 24 months. Cumulative incidences of progressive impairment were 20% at 6 months, 33% at 12 months, and 43% at 24 months. Patients with progressive impairment had significant worsening in clinician and patient-assessed cGVHD severity, symptoms and quality of life as compared to those without progressive impairment (Table). Treatments that prevent unacceptable clinical deterioration in patients with chronic GVHD could be identified by using survival without progressive impairment as an endpoint in clinical trials.Tabled 1VariableChange from enrollment to visit with progressive impairment (N=237)Change from enrollment to last visit without impairment (N=130)p-valueNMedianMeanMinMaxNMedianMeanMinMaxMD 0-3*2330-0.15-321280-0.59-31<0.001MD 0-10**232-1-0.64-86128-2-1.98-82<0.001PT 0-3*1790-0.01-2259-1-0.58-21<0.001PT 0-10**1760-0.37-7663-2-1.62-63<0.001FACT-BMT180-0.920-44.6754.67601315-24.3345.94<0.001Lee symptom summary190-0.27-0.46-45.2233.5763-6.05-7.59-38.8110.85<0.001FACT-BMT = functional assessment of cancer therapy, bone marrow transplant*Clinician (MD) or Patient (PT)-rated overall chronic GVHD severity on a 0-3 scale (none, mild, moderate, severe)**MD or PT-rated overall chronic GVHD severity on a 0-10 scale Open table in a new tab
Extension And Communication In The Integrated (2004)

ABSTRAK\nSebuah proyek berjudul Peranan penyuluhan dan komunkasi dalam strategi pengelolaan terpadu mewujudkan Pentbangunan Berkelanjutan di Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Konawe telah dilaksanakan dari Maret 2002 sampai Maret 2004. Trepan proeyek adalah memperbaiki fungsi ekologi dan ekonomi terhadap lahan, hutan bakau, terumbu karang, sehingga produktivitas pertanian, ikan dan biota lard lainnya serta pendapatan masyarakat meningkat. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah (1) telah disusun dokumen Pernbangunan Berkelanjutan Wilayah Pesisir bagian Barat Kabupaten Konawe, (2) Seluas 200 kawasan hutan bakau telah direhabilitasi, (3) telah diberztuk Lembaga Keuangan Masyarakat (ELKAM), anggotanya berkembang pesat yaitu dari 50 anggota tahun 2002 menjadi 750 anggota tahun 2004. Kesimpulan awal menunjukan bahwa penyuluhan yang baik dengan, komunikasi yang sesuai merupakan pendekatan yang tepat dalam pengelolaan wilayah pesisir terpadu di Kabupaten Konawe.\nKata kunci: penyuluhan, komunikasi, terpadu, pesisir.
IL-10-producing B cells limit CNS inflammation and infarct volume after experimental stroke in mice (P1090) (2013)

Abstract Clinical stroke induces inflammatory processes leading to cerebral injury. IL-10 expression is elevated during major CNS diseases and limits inflammation in the brain. Recent evidence demonstrated that absence of B cells led to larger infarct volumes and increased numbers of activated T cells, monocytes and microglial cells in the brain, thus implicating a regulatory role of B cell subpopulations in limiting CNS damage from stroke. The aim of this study was to determine whether the IL-10-producing regulatory B cell subset can limit CNS inflammation and reduce infarct volume following ischemic stroke in B-cell deficient (μMT-/-) mice. Five million IL-10-producing B cells were obtained from IL-10-GFP reporter mice and transferred i.v. to μMT-/- mice. After 24 h from this transfer, recipients were subjected to 60 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 48 h of reperfusion. Compared to vehicle-treated controls, the IL-10+ B-cell-replenished μMT-/- mice had reduced infarct volume and fewer infiltrating activated T cells and monocytes in the affected brain hemisphere. These effects in CNS were accompanied by significant increases in regulatory T cells and expression of the co-inhibitory receptor, PD-1, in the periphery. These novel observations demonstrate both immunoregulatory and protective functions of IL-10-secreting B cells in MCAO that potentially could impart significant benefit for stroke patients in the clinic.
Abstract MP057: Associations of CD4+ Memory and Naive T Lymphocytes and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (2012)

Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving both innate and adaptive immune responses, characterized by the accumulation of T lymphocytes throughout the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, we hypothesized that increased CD4+ memory cells and decreased CD4+ naïve cells would be associated with atherosclerosis. To date, no multi-ethnic population-based studies have examined this question. Methods: Peripheral blood memory and naive subpopulations were measured by flow cytometry and defined by the markers CD4+CD45RO+ and CD4+CD45RA+, respectively. Data were analyzed as a proportion of CD4+ cells. Associations were explored with demographic and cardiovascular disease-related variables, and markers of infection, inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis in a random subset (n=914 participants, composed of European Americans (n=397), Chinese Americans (n=96), African Americans (n=187) and Hispanics (n=234); mean age 66 years) of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Agatston score, a measure of coronary calcification, was evaluated by cardiac computed tomography (CT) scan; serologies representing past exposure to pathogens were measured in serum by immunoassays. CD4+ cell indices were measured at Exam 4 (2005-2007); cardiovascular disease variables were obtained at the nearest previous exam; some measures, such as serologies, were available only at baseline (2000-2002). Results: Mean levels of circulating naïve, but not memory, CD4+ T cells were higher in woman than men (30.0% and 26.3%, respectively; P&lt;0.0001) and negatively associated with age (P&lt;0.0001). European Americans (EAs) had higher levels of naïve cells compared with African Americans and Hispanics (30.7%, 26.0% and 25.0%, respectively) and lower levels of memory cells compared with the same groups (50.7%, 55.7% and 58.0%, respectively; P&lt;0.05); Chinese Americans were similar to EAs. Adjusting for age, gender and race/ethnicity, CD4+ naïve cells were inversely associated with past exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Hepatitis A and H. Pylori (P&lt;0.001), while memory cells were positively associated with CMV and H. Pylori (P&lt;0.01). Using standardized linear regression models, CD4+ naïve cells were inversely associated with BMI (β= -1.62 ± 0.48), the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) (β= -1.21 ± 0.48) and IL-6 (β= -1.79 ± 0.48) and with a positive Agatston score (β= -1.53 ± 0.65) (P&lt;0.05); memory cells were positively associated with these same variables, after adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity. Conclusion: Differences in CD4+ T lymphocytes, including increased populations of memory cells and decreased populations of naïve cells, are associated with atherosclerosis as estimated by Agatston scores. These findings suggest that excess immune activation, as reflected by these differences, may contribute to atherosclerotic calcification.
The properties and methods for computation of exponentially-mapped-past statistical variables (1960)

The exponentially-mapped-past (emp) statistical variables represent an approach to the statistical analysis of a process when the interest is focused on the recent behavior of the process. An exponential weighting function, decreasing into the past, in the case of continuously observed processes, and a geometric ratio, in the case of discrete data, are utilized. This approach is the simplest from the point of view of ease of computation, and at the same time it possesses the advantage of some simple theoretical relationships, which are discussed. Analog computer circuits and digital computer flow diagrams which serve to compute the exponentially-mapped-past statistical variables are presented.
Application of a New Modeling Tool for Evaluating Aircraft Thermal System Concepts (2005)

Design, integration, and optimization procedures to develop air vehicles that meet required mission goals are lengthy and difficult tasks, particularly for high-speed aircraft with challenging mission requirements. The integration process involves synthesizing architectures to incorporate the airframe, propulsion system, and various other necessary subsystems into more optimally functional flight vehicles. Relevant subsystems include thermal and power management, fuel distribution, environmental control, and various other systems, depending on the functional requirements of the aircraft. The selected integration architecture for the various subsystems can result in significant impacts on the performance of the resulting vehicle, and on the ability to achieve the desired mission goals. Evaluation of such impacts at the system level is very desirable in order to optimize the vehicle design with regard to selected performance metrics. A new engineering design tool (e.g., Model Engineer), consisting of a set of modeling and simulation methods, has been developed to facilitate the design and integration of complex engineering systems with high definition analytical models and performance assessments of the resulting integrated system. This paper describes the application of this tool to the design and system level evaluation of thermal management concepts for a future high-speed military aircraft. In a study completed in early 2005 for the Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate, a future air weapon system and its mission requirements were defined, and a variety of concepts were considered to provide the necessary thermal management of the vehicle and its propulsion system. Various thermal system architectural configurations were conceptualized in conjunction with the airframe, engine and subsystem supplier team members, and the modeling design tool subsequently used to build and evaluate simulations of the various integrated concepts. The paper will describe some of the configurations along with the methods employed to construct an operational simulation of these conceptual systems. Additional discussion will further describe the approach used to provide mission level evaluation of each simulation, show typical results of the evaluations, and the significance of such results. Finally, a description will be provided of future planned application of the design methods, and expansion of the methods to broaden the area of application.
Advances in Tribology of Lubricin and Lubricin-Like Synthetic Polymer Nanostructures (2018)

Articular cartilage surrounds the ends of diarthrodial joints (most common movable joints) and during motion, it experiences a wide range of loading conditions while remaining under exceedingly low-friction and wear-free conditions. This remarkable tribological performance stems from complex interactions between the synovial fluid and articular cartilage. In fact, lubricin and hyaluronic acid (HA) that are part of the synovial fluid are now known to be the key contributors to effective joint lubrication and wear protection. Studies involving animal models and artificial systems suggest that lubricin and HA molecules may work in tandem to produce a highly synergistic effect for lubrication. However, latest observations suggest that lubricin has significant potential for protecting the articular joints, probably more than HA. Recently, lurbicin-related friction regulation in soft eye tissues, where much lower forces are involved compared to knee joints for instance, has been shown to be related to dry eye disease and contact lens discomfort. As such, lubricin’s role in natural friction regulation is very complex. Moreover, partially unresolved water-lubricin interactions are essential for lubrication and load carrying function in the joints. The chemical structure of lubricin has inspired several chemists to synthesize new copolymers and polymer brushes that function just like lubricin in order to design new synthetic or bio-based lubricants with ultra-low-friction coefficients. Hence, lubricin has emerged as a key natural molecule for bioinspired tribology. The aim of this review is to present the latest advances in understanding of lubricin’s function in joint lubrication and in soft tissue friction (i.e., human eye) and document what has been achieved so far in transforming this biomedical knowledge into new polymer design for advanced engineering tribology. It is hoped that this review will catalyze research and development efforts in obtaining very stable and high load-bearing polymer-based ultra-low-friction surfaces via biomimicry.
Methyldibromoglutaronitrile (Euxyl K400): a new and important sensitizer in the United States (1997)

From the University of Louisville, Division of Dermatology. Presented at the American Contact Dermatitis Society Annual Meeting, San Francisco, Calif., March 19, 1997. Accepted for publication Feb. 22, 1998. Reprint requests: Joseph F. Fowler, MD, University of Louisville, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, 310 E. Broadway, Louisville, KY 40202. Copyright © 1998 by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. 0190-9622/98/$5.00 + 0 16/1/89785 Methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDGN), also called Tektamer 38 (Merck & Co., Rahway, N.J.), is a component of some skin care products. It is combined with phenoxyethanol in a 1:4 ratio to make Euxyl K400, which is used as a preservative in cosmetics and toiletries.1 Euxyl K400 was developed as an alternative to the mixture of methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), also called Euxyl K100 and Kathon CG (both manufactured by Rohm & Haas, Philadelphia, Pa.) which was causing a significant amount of cosmetic allergy in Europe.2,3 Euxyl K400 has been used as a preservative in Europe for many years; however, its use in the United States is more recent. MDGN is the sensitizing agent of Euxyl K400 for most patients, because contact allergy to phenoxyethanol is rare. Euxyl K400 (specifically MDGN) is being found more frequently as the cause of contact dermatitis in Europe. Because its use in the United States is more recent, MDGN’s reported frequency of contact sensitivity in the United States is much lower.1 The prevalence reported by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) from 1992 to 1994 was 1.5%.4 We found a positive patch test to MDGN in some consecutively tested patients that was relevant to their dermatitis and the products that they were using. We therefore performed a review of patients who were undergoing routine patch testing to determine the prevalence and relevance of positive reactions to MDGN.
Exploiting few mode-fibers for optical time-stretch confocal microscopy in the short near-infrared window (2012)

Dispersive fiber is well-regarded as the most viable candidate for realizing efficient optical time-stretch process--an ultrafast spectroscopic measurement technique based on the wavelength-to-time mapping via group velocity dispersion (GVD). Despite optical time-stretch has been anticipated to benefit a wide range of high-throughput biomedical diagnoses, the lack of commercially-available dispersive fibers which can operate in the "biomedically-favorable" short near-infrared (~800 nm - 1100 nm) range hinders practical time-stretch-based biomedical spectroscopy and microscopy. We here explore and demonstrate the feasibility of using the standard telecommunication single-mode fibers (e.g. SMF28 and dispersion compensation fiber (DCF)) as few-mode fibers (FMFs) for optical time-stretch confocal microscopy in the 1 μm range. By evaluating GVD of different FMF modes and thus the corresponding time-stretch performances, we show that the fundamental modes (LP(01)) of SMF28 and DCF, having sufficiently high dispersion-to-loss ratios, are particularly useful for practical time-stretch spectroscopy and microscopy at 1 μm, without the need for the specialty 1 μm SMF. More intriguingly, we also show that the higher-order FMF modes (e.g. LP(11)) could be excited and utilized for time-stretch imaging. Such additional degree of freedom creates a new avenue for optimizing and designing the time-stretch operations, such as by tailored engineering of the modal-dispersion as well as the GVD of the individual FMF modes.
Randomly Coupled 19-Core Multi-Core Fiber with Standard Cladding Diameter (2023)

We developed a randomly-coupled 19-core fiber with standard 125-µm cladding diameter with spatial mode dispersion of 10.8ps/km, enabling a data rate of 1.7 Pb/s, the highest reported amongst optical fibers with standard cladding diameter.
Prediction of Protein Subcellular Localization: A Machine Learning Approach (2010)

Over the years, large-scale genomic and proteomic efforts have produced large amounts of sequence data. One of the key challenges in the post-genomic era is to predict functions and roles of gene products. Proteins are essential to the structure and function of all living cells, and many of the them are enzymes or subunits of enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions.
Cookies lack integrity: real-world implications (2015)

A cookie can contain a secure flag, indicating that it should be only sent over an HTTPS connection. Yet there is no corresponding flag to indicate how a cookie was set: attackers who act as a man-in-the-midddle even temporarily on an HTTP session can inject cookies which will be attached to subsequent HTTPS connections. Similar attacks can also be launched by a web attacker from a related domain. Although an acknowledged threat, it has not yet been studied thoroughly. This paper aims to fill this gap with an in-depth empirical assessment of cookie injection attacks. We find that cookie-related vulnerabilities are present in important sites (such as Google and Bank of America), and can be made worse by the implementation weaknesses we discovered in major web browsers (such as Chrome, Firefox, and Safari). Our successful attacks have included privacy violation, online victimization, and even financial loss and account hijacking. We also discuss mitigation strategies such as HSTS, possible browser changes, and present a proof-of-concept browser extension to provide better cookie isolation between HTTP and HTTPS, and between related domains.
Bringing New HOPE to Networked Games: Using Optimistic Execution to Improve Quality of Service (2005)

As more games of a wider variety of genres move online to provide multiplayer experiences to their players, there is an increasing need to improve the quality of service delivered to the players of these games. Players tend to have the same performance and consistency expectations of their online multiplayer games as they do of their single player games, without realizing the issues and problems introduced by networking their games together. This results in a tremendous challenge for developers of networked games, because issues such as latency work strongly against meeting the needs of players. In this paper, we discuss the concept of optimistic execution to help game developers mask or hide the effects of latency in their networked games. We introduce the notion of optimistic execution, present our work in this area, dubbed New HOPE, and comment on its ability to assist game developers in this important area.
A study of information privacy and data sanitization problems: student paper (2007)

The need for information security and privacy awareness increases as technology advances and becomes more widely used in everyday life. Information storages such as hard disk drives, CDs, and USB flash memories are commonly used today, yet the majority of the users neglects to be concerned about the privacy of the information they store on these devices. It is important to know how these storage devices operate and how to permanently delete data from them. Disk sanitization plays a major role in ensuring information security and hence it is the focus of this paper.
Richard Selzer: Premiere American Surgeon-Writer (2007)

Richard Selzer (b.1928) is one of the most prominent American surgeon-authors alive today. Only Sherwin Nuland (b.1930), from Yale University Medical School as Selzer was, carries the same outstanding virtues of good surgery and excellent writing. Recently, Atul Gawande (b. 1965) has taken a road similar to these two distinguished predecessors. Selzer has produced 14 books of superb scholarship and immense value for the active and committed surgeon. He describes, with unusual grace and wit, different aspects of great interest to the surgeon's life. He includes details of instruments, particularly the surgical knife, approaching this essential and many times lifesaving instrument with unparalleled courage and incredible precision. He also advances with savvy understanding and well-defined knowledge the great character of various organs of the human body. Richard Selzer offers a special perspective on being a surgeon and a writer. He has been on both sides of these professions. He practiced general surgery for many years and has been a writer for three decades at least. Dr. Selzer demonstrates writing skills and surgical knowledge that can be extremely helpful to the student and surgeon alike.
Field Tests of a New Type of Graphite-Fiber Electrode for Measuring Motionally Induced Voltages (2001)

On the basis of a field experiment in a tidal channel, comparisons have been undertaken between a new type of graphite-fiber electrode and conventional Ag/AgCl sensors for measurements of motionally induced voltages. The fiber electrode works through polarization and is hence chemically inert, so it does not suffer from some of the electrochemical problems associated with Ag/AgCl electrodes. The graphite-fiber electrode has low noise at high frequencies, making it suitable for detection of rapid transport changes. As a demonstration of this property, the graphite electrodes were used for turbulence measurements.