gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Worst Case Design of Variable-Threshold TRL Circuits (1962)

Now that standard Transistor Resistor Logic is well understood and widely used, the possibilities for reducing component count by changing the height of the switching threshold, as measured in units of input, are being explored. This paper presents the worst case design formulation, both steady-state and transient, for such variable-threshold circuitry. In addition there is a brief discussion of the logic represented. Numerical results illustrate the logical possibilities and the effect of increasing the threshold on transient behavior.
Supplementary Table 2 from Chemopreventive Activity of Plant Flavonoid Isorhamnetin in Colorectal Cancer Is Mediated by Oncogenic Src and β-Catenin (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 72K, Histological assessment of colonic inflammation (Colitis Score).&lt;/p&gt;
Attenuated Morning Salivary Cortisol Concentrations in a Population-Based Study of Persons with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Well Controls (2007)

CFS was associated with an attenuated morning cortisol response, but the effect was limited to women. Our results suggest that a sex difference in hypocortisolism may contribute to increased risk of CFS in women.
Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy (2004)

Part A: Fundamentals of Pharmacology Section 1. Phytotherapy and Pharmacognosy 1. Importance in modern pharmacy and medicine 2. Pharmacognosy and its history: people, plants and natural products Section 2. Basic plant biology 3. General principles of botany: morphology and systematics 4. Families yielding important phytopharmaceuticals 5. Ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology Section 3. Natural product chemistry 6. Natural products chemistry 7. Principles of natural product chemistry and separation 8. Anticancer natural products Section 4. Plant extract derived pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals 9. Production, standardisation and quality control 10. Characteristics of phytomedicines Section 5. Medicinal Plants in selected other health care systems 11. Traditional systems of herbal medicine 12. Complementary/alternative medicine Part B: Important Natural Products and Phytomedicines used in Pharmacy and Medicine 13. The gastrointestinal and biliary system 14. The Cardiovascular system 15. The respiratory system 16. The central nervous system 17. Infectious diseases 18. The endocrine system 19. The reproductive and urinary tracts 20. The musculoskeletal system 21. The skin 22. The eye 23. Ear, nose and orthopharynx 24. Miscellaneous supportive therapies for stress, ageing, cancer and debility
Molecular and pharmacological characterization of genes encoding urotensin‐II peptides and their cognate G‐protein‐coupled receptors from the mouse and monkey (2002)

Urotensin-II (U-II) and its receptor (UT) represent novel therapeutic targets for management of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. To test such hypothesis, it will be necessary to develop experimental animal models for the manipulation of U-II/UT receptor system. The goal of this study was to clone mouse and primate preproU-II and UT for pharmacological profiling. Monkey and mouse preproU-II genes were identified to encode 123 and 125 amino acids. Monkey and mouse UT receptors were 389, and 386 amino acids, respectively. Genomic organization of mouse genes showed that the preproU-II has four exons, while the UT receptor has one exon. Although initially viewed by many exclusively as cardiovascular targets, the present study demonstrates expression of mouse and monkey U-II/UT receptor mRNA in extra-vascular tissue including lung, pancreas, skeletal muscle, kidney and liver. Ligand binding studies showed that [125I]h U-II bound to a single sites to the cloned receptors in a saturable/high affinity manner (Kd 654+/-154 and 214+/-65 pM and Bmax of 1011+/-125 and 497+/-68 fmol mg-1 for mouse and monkey UT receptors, respectively). Competition binding analysis demonstrated equipotent, high affinity binding of numerous mammalian, amphibian and piscine U-II isopeptides to these receptors (Ki=0.8 - 3 nM). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labelled U-II, bound specifically to HEK-293 cells expressing mouse or monkey UT receptor, confirming cell surface expression of recombinant UT receptor. Exposure of these cells to human U-II resulted in an increase in intracellular [Ca2+] concentrations (EC50 3.2+/-0.8 and 1.1+/-0.3 nM for mouse and monkey UT receptors, respectively) and inositol phosphate (Ip) formation (EC50 7.2+/-1.8 and 0.9+/-0.2 nM for mouse and monkey UT receptors, respectively) consistent with the primary signalling pathway for UT receptor involving phospholipase C activation.
Coumarin, Anthroquinone and Stilbene Derivatives with Anticholinesterase Activity (2008)

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are the key enzymes in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by a deficit in central cholinergic transmission. In the current study, AChE and BChE inhibitory activities of seven coumarin derivatives [umbelliferone (1), 4-methylumbelliferone (2), 4-hydroxycoumarin (3), scopoletin (4), 8-methoxypsoralen (5), bergapten (6), and iso-bergapten (7)], a furanocoumarin mixture obtained from Heracleum crenatifolium Boiss. (Umbelliferae), as well as of two anthroquinone derivatives [rhein (8) and aloe-emodine (9)] and one stilbene, rhapontin (10), were tested by the spectrophotometric method of Ellman using an ELISA microplate-reader at 1 mg mL(-1). Among them, the furanocoumarin mixture [(68.8 +/- 0.76)%], bergapten [(62.4 +/- 0.74)%], aloe-emodine [(57.2 +/- 1.32)%], scopoletin [(53.1 +/- 0.83)%], and 4-methylumbelliferone [(62.3 +/- 1.03)%] showed over 50% inhibition against AchE, while umbelliferone [(54.3 +/- 0.23)%], 4-methylumbelliferone [(80.9 +/- 1.17)%], scopoletin [(73.5 +/- 1.01)%], 8-methoxypsoralen [(67.1 +/- 0.98)%], as well as the furanocoumarin mixture [(76.7 +/- 0.95)%] had a notable anti-BChE effect.
A Reconfigurable Wireless NoC for Large Scale Microbiome Community Analysis (2017)

Understanding the role of competition and cooperation among multiple interacting species of microorganisms that constitute the microbiome and decipher how they enforce homeostasis or trigger diseases requires the development of multi-scale computational models capable of capturing both intra-cell processing (i.e., gene-to-protein interactions) and inter-cell interactions. The multi-scale interdependency that governs the interactions from genes to proteins within a cell and from molecular messengers to cells to microbial communities within the environment raises numerous computation and communication challenges. Internal cell processing cannot be simulated without knowledge of the surroundings. Similarly, cell-cell communication cannot be fully abstracted without stated of internal processing and diffusion effects of molecular messengers. To address the computeand communication-intensive nature of modeling microbial communities, in this paper, we propose a novel reconfigurable NoC-based manycore architecture capable of simulating a large scale microbial community. The reconfiguration of the NoC topology is achieved through the fractal analysis of NoC traffic and use of the on-chip wireless interfaces. More precisely, we analyze the computational and communication workloads and exploit the observed fractal characteristics for proposing a mathematical strategy for NoC reconfiguration. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed NoC architecture achieves 56.6 and 62.8 percent improvement in energy delay product over the conventional wireline mesh and flatten butterfly-based high radix NoC architectures, respectively.
“Saw” and Self-Sacrifice: Examining the Pleasure of Defiance in “Torture Porn” (2017)

Communication
Assimilation of Amino Acid Analogues by a Virus-Induced Tumor<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1964)

The uptake of labeled amino acids was studied in vitro with the use of the chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated eggs and Rous sarcoma virus-induced tumors of CAM. The two amino acids studied were α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) and l-aminocyclopentane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC). Both AIB and ACC were concentrated in the intracellular fluid of tumor slices and CAM. Tumor tissue levels of these amino acids exceeded the level observed in the CAM. AIB and ACC concentration by Rous tumor and CAM was markedly inhibited by the presence of the natural amino acids, serine and valine. Both 2,4-dinitrophenol and anaerobiosis reduced AIB accumulation. Glucose suppressed the accumulation of AIB by tumor slices, but was without effect on the accumulation of the amino acid by CAM.
FIGURE 7 from Synergism Between IL21 and Anti-PD-1 Combination Therapy is Underpinned by the Coordinated Reprogramming of the Immune Cellular Network in the Tumor Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Combination therapy synergistically promoted monocyte to the M1 trajectory in the TME. &lt;b&gt;A,&lt;/b&gt; Pseudotime plot of macrophage subsets constructed by Monocle 3. &lt;b&gt;B,&lt;/b&gt; UMAP showing macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes. &lt;b&gt;C,&lt;/b&gt; Bar plot of the proportions of the above cell subsets. &lt;b&gt;D,&lt;/b&gt; Dot plot showing expression levels of &lt;i&gt;Il21r&lt;/i&gt; on different macrophage subsets under different treatment conditions. &lt;b&gt;E–G,&lt;/b&gt; Heat map showing the expression of selected DEG in monocytes, TAM1, TAM2 cells under different treatment conditions.&lt;/p&gt;
Free-Free Bremsstrahlung from a Plasma with an Anisotropic Electron Velocity Distribution (1968)

Measurements of two properties of the emitted free-free bremsstrahlung from an electron cyclotron resonance plasma were made. These were the radiation intensity and the spatial distribution of the photons as a function of angle with respect to the magnetic field axis. The intensity was maximum for directions of observation along the field lines. The spectral distribution showed that the average emitted x-ray photon was more energetic along the field lines than across them. A theoretical development has been made which considers quantum-mechanical, nonrelativistic transitions, which correspond to the conditions of the experiment. The theory predicts the observed measurements and also, in the limit of low energy photons, (nonquantum mechanical transitions) corresponds to previous developments.
Strategies for the Determination of Plant Hormones (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStrategies for the Determination of Plant HormonesGregory C. Davis, Mich B. Hein, Brian C. Neely, C. Ray Sharp, and Michael G. CarnesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 6, 638A–648APublication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online29 May 2012Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00283a719https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00283a719research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analytical Prediction of Bearing Life and Load Distribution for Plugin HEV (2012)

The transportation is almost dependent on a single fuel petroleum with transportation energy dilemma. Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV) technology holds more advantages on efficiency improvements for petroleum consumption at the transportation. And bearing is recognized as the important component of gearbox. Gearboxes for HEV transmission have been ensured the highest reliability over some years in withstanding high dynamic loads. At the same time, the demands of lightweight design and cost minimization are required by thought-out design, high-quality material, superior production quality and maintenance. In order to design a reliable and lightweight gearbox, it is necessary to analyze bearing rating life methods between standard and different bearing companies with calculation methods for modification factors. In this paper, the influence of life time of bearings will be pointed out. Bearing contact stress and load stress distribution of HEV gearbox are obtained and compared with Romaxdesigner and BearinX. And the unequal wear of the left bearing for the gearbox intermediate shaft is investigated between simulation and test.
Research on dispatch scheduling model of micro-grid with distributed energy (2012)

With the increase of distributed energy connected into power grid, the traditional power gird is changing from centralized control into interactive power system with two-way flow of information and energy. Both the distributed generation and electricity from power grid can meet the load demand of this micro-grid system. So it is quite different from the traditional dispatch model consisted of power generation, transmission, dispatching and consuming. In order to ensure the safety of power grid and the optimization of micro-gird, it is needed to research a power grid side dispatch scheduling model of the micro-grid. In this work, a micro gird, which can purchase electricity from power grid, is presented. This micro grid also contains other distributed energy including solar photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, micro turbines, and storage batteries, self-owned power plants. The operation object of the micro-grid is to minimize the total cost which contains the distributed energy generation cost, electricity purchase cost and sewage cost. From the power gird point of view, this micro-grid can be tread as a load. So in the case of minimizing the total cost, the electricity demand of the micro-grid should be studied carefully in order to establish a dispatch scheduling model. In this work, the output power of solar photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, micro turbines, and storage batteries, self-owned power plants are modeled separately according to their power generation features. Considering the volatility of the wind speed, a rolling real-time forecast is used in wind power model. Also the impact of real-time lighting and the temperature of the panels are considered, when modeling the power output of the photovoltaic array. Furthermore, in the model, safety constrain conditions are added to solar and wind power to limit their impact on the safety of power gird. Then the 24-hour electricity demand of this micro-gird under different electricity price level can be figured out, which is helpful for operators in power grid control center to operate and control of this interaction power grid.
Nanoporous microscale microbial incubators (2015)

Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals abundant microbial diversity that has not been cultured in the laboratory. Many attribute this so-called 'great plate count anomaly' to traditional microbial cultivation techniques, which largely facilitate the growth of a single species. Yet, it is widely recognized that bacteria in nature exist in complex communities. One technique to increase the pool of cultivated bacterial species is to co-culture multiple species in a simulated natural environment. Here, we present nanoporous microscale microbial incubators (NMMI) that enable high-throughput screening and real-time observation of multi-species co-culture. The key innovation in NMMI is that they facilitate inter-species communication while maintaining physical isolation between species, which is ideal for genomic analysis. Co-culture of a quorum sensing pair demonstrates that the NMMI can be used to culture multiple species in chemical communication while monitoring the growth dynamics of individual species.
Preparation of hydrosulfido- and hydroselenido-bridged diruthenium complexes with π-arene co-ligands and their conversion into new cubane-type sulfido or selenido clusters (2000)

The Ru(II)-arene complex (CymRuCl)2(μ-Cl)2 (Cym = η6-p-MeC6H4Pri) dissolved in CH2Cl2 reacted with H2S gas or in situ-generated H2Se to afford the hydrosulfido- and hydroselenido-bridged diruthenium complexes (CymRuCl)2(μ-EH)2 (E = S 2, Se 3). Complexes 2 and 3 were converted further into the cubane-type tetraruthenium sulfido and selenido clusters (CymRu)4(μ3-E)4 (E = S 4, Se 5) by treatment with NEt3 in benzene. The reactions are presumed to proceed ia coupling of the diruthenium species (CymRu)2(μ-E)2 initially formed by dehydrochlorination of 2 and 3. The structures of new compounds 2, 3, 4 and 5 have been determined in detail by X-ray crystallography.
Calculation of SAR for transmit coil arrays (2007)

Transmit coil arrays allowing independent control of individual coil drives facilitate adjustment of the B(1) field distribution, but when the B(1) field distribution is changed the electric field and SAR distributions are also altered. This makes safety evaluation of the transmit array a challenging problem because there are potentially an infinite number of possible field distributions in the sample. Local SAR levels can be estimated with numerical calculations, but it is not practical to perform separate full numerical calculations for every current distribution of interest. Here we evaluate superposition of separate electric field calculations-one for each coil-for predicting SAR in a full numerical calculation where all coils are driven simultaneously. It is important to perform such an evaluation because the effects of coil coupling may alter the result. It is shown that while there is good agreement between the superimposed and simultaneous drive results when using current sources in the simulations, the agreement is not as good when voltage sources are used. Finally, we compare maximum local SAR levels for B(1) field distributions that are either unshimmed or shimmed over one of three regions of interest. When B(1) field homogeneity is improved in a small region of interest without regard for SAR, the maximum local SAR can become very high.
Motion control of a spherical mobile robot (2002)

The paper deals with dynamics and control of a special type of mobile robot designed to act as a small platform to carry sensing devices or actuators in an environment where stability of the platform is critical, like in surveying unstructured hostile industrial environment exploring other planets, or simply being a part of a human place, like office or home, which has not been designed for mobile machines. The spherical construction offers extraordinary motion properties in cases where turning over or falling down are risks for the robot to continue its motion. Also it has full capability to recover from collisions with obstacles or another robots traveling in the environment.
Calcium-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Alkenes (2022)

Earth-abundant group 2 metal complexes offer an inexpensive and sustainable alternative to precious transition metal catalysts in many synthetic scenarios. As such, calcium and magnesium catalysts have attracted ever increasing interest as viable replacements for traditional transition metal-based catalysts for alkene hydroboration. Herein, we report the alkaline-earth metal-catalyzed hydroboration of alkenes with HBpin using commercially available CaCl2, reusable MOF-Ca, and subvalent Mg(I) complexes as highly efficient catalysts. The simple air- and moisture-stable CaCl2 and MOF-Ca catalytic systems both show high reactivity in the hydroboration of various alkenes to afford the anti-Markovnikov products in high yield and high regioselectivity under low catalyst loading (1–3 mol %) and almost solvent-free conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a main-group Ca-catalyzed hydroboration of alkenes, and it represents a potential pathway for the further discovery and application of inexpensive alkaline-earth metal-based catalysis.
Communication protocols and networks for power systems-current status and future trends (2009)

Minimizing implementation time and manual configuration, as well as straightforward upgradability are the key requirements of efficient substation automation systems. For larger utilities this often necessitates achieving interoperability between different devices from multiple vendors. Since the early 1990's it was noticed that the speed of advances in communication technology seemed to overpass its power system counterpart, which called for more adaptability by substation automation systems and higher independence from the underlying communication technology. The natural shift in the industry from proprietary communication protocols to open access standards was therefore further accelerated and was directed towards more advanced solutions that provide an interoperable and future proof environment. In order to be able to respond to these concerns, IEC 61850 was proposed as a future proof, adaptable communication protocol, capable of providing interoperability in a multi-vendor environment and with a highly advanced object oriented modeling structure. The migration from legacy protocols and de facto standards such as Modbus, DNP3, and IEC 60870-5 has already started and it seems likely that it will continue at a steady pace in the future. In addition to the efforts to provide an advanced solution for substation automation systems, there is also a need for extending the ldquoautomationrdquo benefits to beyond the substations either downstream, at the feeder level or upstream, at a higher level of network management. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current status of communication networks for substations using IEC 61850, and also discuss the possible future trends for extending the scope of the standard and using its capabilities for other applications within the distribution system.
The role of HLA genes: from autoimmune diseases to COVID-19 (2020)

Genes of HLA system (Human Leukocyte Antigen) play an essential role in the normal functioning of the immune system. There are three classes of genes: I, II, and III. The function of HLA molecules class I is to present antigens of peptides from the cytoplasm to T-lymphocytes on the cell surface, and class II - to present antigens of peptides from the extracellular space. In the classical view, the pathological activation of the immune system in patients with a genetic predisposition can result in the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the influence of this system on the development of non-autoimmune diseases, their severity and prognosis, has been recently considered. Besides, HLA molecules provide a presentation of various infectious agents. In this connection, the loci of the main histocompatibility complex can be considered candidates for determining the genetic predisposition to infectious diseases themselves and their course. This review hypothesizes that specific variants of HLA genes may cause the formation of a «cytokine storm» in patients with COVID-19. Identification of a group of patients with particular genetic variations that cause violation of immune tolerance and hyperresponse in the setting of viral infection will help to optimize the algorithm for disease prevention and treatment of such patients and, as a result, to reduce the severity of the epidemiological situation.