gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Crystallography of Silver Nanoparticles with Different Shapes (2016)

The crystallographic properties of silver nanoparticles with different morphologies (two different kinds of spheres, cubes, platelets, and rods) were derived from X-ray powder diffraction and electron microscopy. The size of the metallic particle core was determined by scanning electron microscopy, and the colloidal stability and the hydrodynamic particle diameter were analyzed by dynamic light scattering. The preferred crystallographic orientation (texture) as obtained by X-ray powder diffraction, including pole figure analysis, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy showed the crystallographic nature of the spheres (almost no texture), the cubes (terminated by {100} faces), the platelets (terminated by {111} faces), and the rods (grown from pentagonal twins along [110] and terminated by {100} faces). The crystallite size was determined by Rietveld refinement of X-ray powder diffraction data and agreed well with the transmission electron microscopic data.
Downconversion Luminescence-Based Nanosensor for Label-Free Detection of Explosives (2019)

We report a selective and sensitive nanosensor probe based on polyethylenimine (PEI)-capped downconverting nanophosphors β-NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Gd<sup>3+</sup>,Tb<sup>3+</sup>@PEI for the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), both in water and buffer media. These downconverting phosphors were synthesized via a hydrothermal route and are known to show excellent chemical, thermal, and photostability. They emit sharp emission peaks centered at ∼488, 544, 584, and 619 nm, among which the peak at ∼544 nm was remarkably quenched (∼90%) by the addition of TNT without giving any new emission peak. The sensing mechanism is based on the formation of a Meisenheimer complex between the electron-rich amine-functionalized β-NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Gd<sup>3+</sup>,Tb<sup>3+</sup> nanophosphors and electron-deficient TNT molecule, which was prominently visualized by the change in the color of the solution from whitish to brownish yellow, enabling visual detection, followed by luminescence resonance energy transfer between the nanophosphors and the complex. A linear range for TNT detection was obtained from 0.1 to 300 μM with a limit of detection as low as 119.9 nM. This method displayed excellent selectivity toward TNT over other nitroaromatic compounds, which had no influence on the detection. Moreover, various other classes of analytes, viz., amino acids, pesticides, and sugars, did not quench the luminescence intensity of the nanophosphors. This developed nanosensor probe possesses high, stable fluorescence brightness and capability for the selective and sensitive on-site recognition of TNT molecules in aqueous media, avoiding complicated strategies and instruments. Thus, this work promises to pave ways to many applications in the detection of ultratrace analytes.
Incremental balloon deflation following complete resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta results in steep inflection of flow and rapid reperfusion in a large animal model of hemorrhagic shock (2017)

This study is the first to characterize aortic flow during balloon deflation following REBOA. A steep inflection point occurs during balloon deflation that results in an abrupt increase in aortic flow and a concomitant decrease in MAP. Furthermore, the onset of distal aortic flow was inconsistent across study animals and did not correlate with initial balloon volume or relative deflation volume. Future studies to define the factors that affect aortic flow during balloon deflation are needed to facilitate controlled reperfusion following REBOA.
Highly Compact Micro-Machined Coplanar Bandpass Filter (2000)

Highly compact micro-machined coplanar bandpass filters based on end-coupled half-wavelength and quarter-wavelength resonators topologies have been investigated. Simple gap and interdigitated capacitive discontinuities have been modeled through an appropriate technique and have been implemented in order to achieve low loss and narrow bandpass membrane micromachined filters. Excellent performances, similar to the state of the art, together with an important improvement in term of compactness have been achieved.
Real-Time Simulation and Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed for Distribution Synchrophasor Applications (2018)

With the advent of Distribution Phasor Measurement Units (D-PMUs) and Micro-Synchrophasors (Micro-PMUs), the situational awareness in power distribution systems is going to the next level using time-synchronization. However, designing, analyzing, and testing of such accurate measurement devices are still challenging. Due to the lack of available knowledge and sufficient history for synchrophasors’ applications at the power distribution level, the realistic simulation, and validation environments are essential for D-PMU development and deployment. This paper presents a vendor agnostic PMU real-time simulation and hardware-in-the-Loop (PMU-RTS-HIL) testbed, which helps in multiple PMUs validation and studies. The network of real and virtual PMUs was built in a full time-synchronized environment for PMU applications’ validation. The proposed testbed also includes an emulated communication network (CNS) layer to replicate bandwidth, packet loss and collisions conditions inherent to the PMUs data streams’ issues. Experimental results demonstrate the flexibility and scalability of the developed PMU-RTS-HIL testbed by producing large amounts of measurements under typical normal and abnormal distribution grid operation conditions.
Overexpression of Metallothionein in Pancreatic β-Cells Reduces Streptozotocin-Induced DNA Damage and Diabetes (2001)

The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been proposed as a cause of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced beta-cell damage. This initiates a destructive cascade, consisting of DNA damage, excess activation of the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and depletion of cellular NAD+. Metallothionein (MT) is an inducible antioxidant protein that has been shown to protect DNA from chemical damage in several cell types. Therefore, we examined whether overexpression of MT could protect beta-cell DNA and thereby prevent STZ-induced diabetes. Two lines of transgenic mice were produced with up to a 30-fold elevation in beta-cell MT. Cultured islets from control mice and MT transgenic mice were exposed to STZ. MT was found to decrease STZ-induced islet disruption, DNA breakage, and depletion of NAD+. To assess in vivo protection, transgenic and control mice were injected with STZ. Transgenic mice had significantly reduced hyperglycemia. Ultrastructural examination of islets from STZ-treated mice showed that MT prevented degranulation and cell death. These results demonstrate that MT can reduce diabetes and confirm the DNA damage mechanism of STZ-induced beta-cell death.
Molecular-dynamics approach to itinerant magnetism with complex magnetic structures. II. Site-dependent medium and its application to γ-Mn (1999)

A molecular-dynamics (MD) theory of itinerant magnetism with complex magnetic structure has been improved by introducing a site-dependent noncollinear effective medium. It takes into account the molecular fields from distant local magnetic moments in a self-consistent way, therefore, allowing us to describe reasonably the temperature dependence of magnetic moments showing complex structures. The theory is applied to \ensuremath{\gamma}-Mn with 108 atoms in a MD unit cell. It is demonstrated that the MD approach with the site-dependent medium can describe the second-order phase transition with increasing temperature. Calculated N\'eel temperature ${(T}_{N})$ is shown to be comparable to the experimental value. It is found that the magnetic short-range orders at ${T}_{N}$ are rather small, but the 1st and 3rd nearest-neighbor short-range orders show very weak temperature dependence above ${T}_{N}.$ The calculated densities of states show a strong temperature dependence below ${T}_{N}$ and the peak near the top of the d bands is shown to remain even above ${T}_{N}.$
ChemInform Abstract: A Useful Method for the Preparation of Carboxylic Esters from Free Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Short-channel MOST threshold voltage model (1982)

A new short-channel threshold voltage model based on an analytic solution of the two-dimensional Poisson equation in the depletion region under the gate of an MOS transistor (MOSTs) is presented. A simple closed-form expression for the variation of threshold voltage as a function of drain voltage, substrate bias, channel length, oxide thickness, and channel doping is derived. An exponential dependence on channel length and a linear dependence on drain and substrate biases is prediced for the reduction in the short-channel threshold voltage. These results are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with simulated and experimental results reported in literature. The predictions for the threshold voltage and subthreshold drain current are in close agreement with measured characteristics of MOS transistors down to submicron dimensions. The closed-form expressions for the threshold voltage and subthreshold drain current are well suited for circuit simulation and for determining performance limits of MOSTs.
Global Magnetometer-Based Spacecraft Attitude and Rate Estimation (2003)

A globally self-initializing attitude determination filter has been developed to estimate three-axis attitude and attitude rate from magnetometer data only. This filter can serve as the main attitude determination system for a low-weight, low-budget, low-accuracy mission or as a backup system for other missions. The filter uses a new attitude representation that is based on the minimum quaternion to align the body-axis and reference magnetic field vectors. It uses implicit quaternion dynamics and implicit Euler dynamics to propagate its attitude and attitude-rate estimates. It is based on a generalization of the iterated extended Kalman-filter concept. Its global initialization strategy employs a number of filters that cover a two-dimensional box in which the principal initial condition uncertainties lie. Hypothesis testing is used to eliminate all but one of the filters after the best one has reached steady state. Flight data from two missions have been used to test the new system. Convergence without the need for initial attitude or rate knowledge has been demonstrated in all cases, and per-axis 3-σ accuracies on the order 5 deg in attitude and 0.03 deg/s in rate have been achieved.
Genetic inhibition of cardiac ERK1/2 promotes stress-induced apoptosis and heart failure but has no effect on hypertrophy in vivo (2007)

MAPK signaling pathways function as critical regulators of cellular differentiation, proliferation, stress responsiveness, and apoptosis. One branch of the MAPK signaling pathway that culminates in ERK1/2 activation is hypothesized to regulate the growth and adaptation of the heart to both physiologic and pathologic stimuli, given its known activation in response to virtually every stress- and agonist-induced hypertrophic stimulus examined to date. Here we investigated the requirement of ERK1/2 signaling in mediating the cardiac hypertrophic growth response in Erk1(-/-) and Erk2(+/-) mice, as well as in transgenic mice with inducible expression of an ERK1/2-inactivating phosphatase in the heart, dual-specificity phosphatase 6. Although inducible expression of dual-specificity phosphatase 6 in the heart eliminated ERK1/2 phosphorylation at baseline and after stimulation without affecting any other MAPK, it did not diminish the hypertrophic response to pressure overload stimulation, neuroendocrine agonist infusion, or exercise. Similarly, Erk1(-/-) and Erk2(+/-) mice showed no reduction in pathologic or physiologic stimulus-induced cardiac growth in vivo. However, blockade or deletion of cardiac ERK1/2 did predispose the heart to decompensation and failure after long-term pressure overload in conjunction with an increase in myocyte TUNEL. Thus, ERK1/2 signaling is not required for mediating physiologic or pathologic cardiac hypertrophy in vivo, although it does play a protective role in response to pathologic stimuli.
Sweetening Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry by 18F-Fluoroglycosylation: Recent Progress and Future Prospects (2021)

In the field of <sup>18</sup>F-chemistry for the development of radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET), various labeling strategies by the use of prosthetic groups have been implemented, including chemoselective <sup>18</sup>F-labeling of biomolecules. Among those, chemoselective <sup>18</sup>F-fluoroglycosylation methods focus on the sweetening of pharmaceutical radiochemistry by offering a highly valuable tool for the synthesis of <sup>18</sup>F-glycoconjugates with suitable in vivo properties for PET imaging studies. A previous review covered the various <sup>18</sup>F-fluoroglycosylation methods that were developed and applied as of 2014 (Maschauer and Prante, BioMed. Res. Int. 2014, 214748). This paper is an updated review, providing the recent progress in <sup>18</sup>F-fluoroglycosylation reactions and the preclinical application of <sup>18</sup>F-glycoconjugates, including small molecules, peptides, and high-molecular-weight proteins.
Science and health for all children with cancer (2019)

Each year ~429,000 children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years are expected to develop cancer. Five-year survival rates exceed 80% for the 45,000 children with cancer in high-income countries (HICs) but are less than 30% for the 384,000 children in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). Improved survival rates in HICs have been achieved through multidisciplinary care and research, with treatment regimens using mostly generic medicines and optimized risk stratification. Children's outcomes in LMICs can be improved through global collaborative partnerships that help local leaders adapt effective treatments to local resources and clinical needs, as well as address common problems such as delayed diagnosis and treatment abandonment. Together, these approaches may bring within reach the global survival target recently set by the World Health Organization: 60% survival for all children with cancer by 2030.
Computational community interest for ranking (2009)

Ranking documents with respect to users' information needs is a challenging task, due, in part, to the dynamic nature of users' interest with respect to a query, which can change over time. In this paper, we propose an innovative method for characterizing the interests of a community of users at a specific point in time and for using this characterization to alter the ranking of documents retrieved for a query. By generating a community interest vector (CIV) for a given query, we measure the community interest by computing a score in a specific document or web page retrieved by the query. This score is based on a continuously updated set of recent (daily or past few hours) user-oriented text data. When applying our method in ranking Yahoo! Buzz results, the CIV score improves relevant results by 16% as determined by real-world user evaluation.
Effectiveness of Environmental Control for the Ultrastructural Study of Buttery Materials Using Air Protection Holder and NB5000/HD-2700 System (2010)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Lactococcus lactis type III-A CRISPR-Cas system cleaves bacteriophage RNA (2018)

CRISPR-Cas defends microbial cells against invading nucleic acids including viral genomes. Recent studies have shown that type III-A CRISPR-Cas systems target both RNA and DNA in a transcription-dependent manner. We previously found a type III-A system on a conjugative plasmid in Lactococcus lactis which provided resistance against virulent phages of the Siphoviridae family. Its naturally occurring spacers are oriented to generate crRNAs complementary to target phage mRNA, suggesting transcription-dependent targeting. Here, we show that only constructs whose spacers produce crRNAs complementary to the phage mRNA confer phage resistance in L. lactis. In vivo nucleic acid cleavage assays showed that cleavage of phage dsDNA genome was not detected within phage-infected L. lactis cells. On the other hand, Northern blots indicated that the lactococcal CRISPR-Cas cleaves phage mRNA in vivo. These results cannot exclude that single-stranded phage DNA is not being targeted, but phage DNA replication has been shown to be impaired.
Ultra-high Q Resonators and Sub-GHz Bandwidth Second Order Filters in an SOI Foundry Platform (2020)

We demonstrate racetrack resonators with record-high quality factors reaching 6.6 million in a standard 220 nm silicon photonics foundry platform, and first/second order filters with passbands as narrow as 200 MHz, and 1-5 dB insertion loss.
Deconfounding Microarray Analysis (2006)

Summary Objectives: Microarray analysis requires standardized specimens and evaluation procedures to achieve acceptable results. A major limitation of this method is caused by heterogeneity in the cellular composition of tissue specimens, which frequently confounds data analysis. We introduce a linear model to deconfound gene expression data from tissue heterogeneity for genes exclusively expressed by a single cell type. Methods: Gene expression data are deconfounded from tissue heterogeneity effects by analyzing them using an appropriate linear regression model. In our illustrating data set tissue heterogeneity is being measured using flow cytometry. Gene expression data are determined in parallel by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and microarray analyses. Verification of deconfounding is enabled using protein quantification for the respective marker genes. Results: For our illustrating dataset, quantification of cell type proportions for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from tuberculosis patients and controls revealed differences in B cell and monocyte proportions between both study groups, and thus heterogeneity for the tissue under investigation. Gene expression analyses reflected these differences in celltype distribution. Fitting an appropriate linear model allowed us to deconfound measured transcriptome levels from tissue heterogeneity effects. In the case of monocytes, additional differential expression on the single cell level could be proposed. Protein quantification verified these deconfounded results. Conclusions: Deconfounding of transcriptome analyses for cellular heterogeneity greatly improves interpretability, and hence the validity of transcriptome profiling results.
Association of HIV Infection and HIV/HCV Coinfection With C-Reactive Protein Levels (2008)

In the absence of HCV coinfection, HIV infection is associated with higher CRP levels in men. HCV coinfection is associated with lower CRP levels in men and women.
Real-time gait event detection for paraplegic FES walking (2001)

A real-time method for the detection of gait events that occur during the electrically stimulated locomotion of paraplegic subjects is described. It consists of a two-level algorithm for the processing of sensor signals and the determination of gait event times. Sensor signals and information about the progression of the stimulator though its pre-specified stimulation "pattern" are processed by a machine intelligence (fuzzy logic) algorithm to determine an initial estimate of the patient's current phase of gait. This is then reviewed and modified by a second algorithm that removes spurious gait estimates, and determines gait event times. These gait event times are known to the system within approximately one-half of a gait cycle. The resulting gait event detection system was successfully evaluated on three subjects. Detection accuracy is not adversely affected by day-to-day gait variability. This work resolved technical and practical issues that previously limited the real time application of these methods. In particular, cosmetically acceptable insole force transducers were used. This gait event detector is designed for use in a real time controller for the automatic adjustment of the intensity and timing of stimulation while the subject is walking using functional electrical stimulation (FES).
Medical futures (2001)

This paper examines forecasts made by writers, medical and non-medical alike, as to the nature of medicine in future societies. In particular, starting from Plato and Sir Thomas More, it explores what place (if any) has been envisaged for medicine in a utopian society. By way of an explanatory device, predictions concerning medicine are compared and contrasted with expectations as to the role of the sciences, natural and social. Investigation of the corpus of social prognostications in fact reveals a dearth of glorious expectations for the future of medicine as such, though certain writings have held out great hopes for biologistic disciplines, such as eugenics. It is often in ‘golden age’ fantasies about the early history of humankind that the most glowing descriptions of complete health are painted. Similarly, perfect health is something often viewed not in social but in individualistic terms. Explanations are offered of these perhaps slightly surprising facts.
Surfactant-mediated epitaxy of Ge on Si(111): The role of kinetics and characterization of the Ge layers (1994)

Antimony as a surfactant in Ge epitaxy on Si(111) is known to suppress islanding at a growth temperature of 600 °C. We used scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to study the growth at different temperatures. Only in the temperature range between 550 and 620 °C defect-free layer-by-layer growth is stabilized. At higher temperatures a transition to islanding (Stranski–Krastanov growth) occurs. At lower temperatures the crystal quality of the layer degrades. Together with model experiments of Si/Si(111) homoepitaxy these results show that three-dimensional islanding is suppressed by kinetically limited growth due to reduced diffusion length in surfactant-mediated growth. Several techniques were used to characterize the Ge layers: x-ray diffraction was used to determine the residual strain (0.1%), an upper limit for Sb doping of the Ge was determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy to nSb&amp;lt;2×1018/cm3. The structural quality of the Ge films was excellent as analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. A STM analysis gives a lower limit for the density of dislocations threading to the surface (ndis&amp;lt;2×107/cm2).
Uterus Transplantation Is a Step Too Far (2021)

Uterus transplantation (UTx) is the first available treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI), which is caused by absence of a uterus or presence of a non-functional uterus. Women with AUFI may in a limited number of countries achieve genetic motherhood by gestational surrogate carrier arrangements, and after adoption from the birth-giving mother, also obtain legal motherhood. However, gestational surrogacy is non-approved in a vast majority of countries/societies of the world because of ethical, legal and/or religious reasons. Thus, gestational surrogacy is not an available option for most women with AUFI.