gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of neurotransmitter modulation on aggression and dominance hierarchy in cricket, Gryllus Bimaculatus (2009)

To design distributed autonomous systems, it's effective to mimic animal society. We studied cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus as a typically aggressive insect. In this paper, we construct mathematical model of the individual internal mechanisms which modulate aggressiveness and we make agents to fight each other under some density. As a result, it's confirmed to occur critical phenomenon upon each agent's internal states caused by density effect. At last, we discuss the usage of such transition in distributed autonomous system.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF SIX‐MEMBERED CYCLOSILANES WITH ONE HETEROATOM (1981)

Abstract Die Darstellung des Dekaphenyloxacyclohexasilans (IV) wird ausgehend vom Dekaphenylcyclopentasilan (I) durch Ringspaltung mit P‐pentachlorid, Hydrolyse des Dichlorids (II) zum überraschend stabilen Diol (III) und Cyclisierung unter H 2 O‐Eliminierung erreicht.
High Temperature Metal / Metal Oxide Battery (2015)

In future there will be a strong demand for large capacity rechargeable batteries to store electrical energy (e.g. from renewable power sources) in long-term stationary applications [1]. A high temperature metal / metal oxide battery can be built up by combining solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology and a metal/metal oxide storage system [2]. Such a type of battery promises charging and discharging capacities of more than 250 W/cm 2 [3]. Requirements for a reversible working solid oxide cell (SOC) are a high performance, minimum internal resistance of the cell, and long-term stability at operating conditions. In the present work the performance of solid oxide cells (SOC) operating in fuel cell and steam electrolysis mode over a temperature range of 650-900 °C and as a function of humidity were studied. Results presented were obtained from single SOCs, with an active area of 16 cm 2 and button cells with an active area of 0.5 cm 2 . The SOCs investigated were anode substrate cells (ASC), with nickel-YSZ-cermet steam/hydrogen electrodes, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes, and lanthanum strontium iron cobalt perovskite (LSCF) air electrodes. Current-voltage measurements were coupled with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), in order to identify the different loss terms in cell behaviour during the fuel cell and electrolysis mode. EIS measurements are conducted under practical load conditions in SOCs in both modes. The cells show stable current-voltage curves during cycling between fuel cell and electrolysis mode at short cycling times between 2.5 h and 5 h. Measurements at different humidity show that high electrical-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiencies are achieved and the amount of steam content is the limiting factor for the electrolysis mode. During electrolysis mode remarkable high current densities around -1.3 A/cm 2 were achieved at a cell voltage of 1.3 V and a temperature of 800 °C. Below 50 % steam content, however, a strong efficiency loss was observed. It is also well known that the degradation of the SOC during steam electrolysis is still a limiting factor for the long term application [4]. Hence the focus of interest was also the degradation of the air electrode. Increasing the current density and elongating the duration of electrolysis experiments resulted frequently in a very fast delamination of the LSCF electrode.
Supplementary Table 1 from Verticillin A Overcomes Apoptosis Resistance in Human Colon Carcinoma through DNA Methylation-Dependent Upregulation of BNIP3 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 12K&lt;/p&gt;
Origins, roles and fate of organic acids in soils: A review (2016)

There is increasing evidence that the origins of organic acids (OAs) are as important as their roles and pathways of production. This review focuses on information about challenges associated with various aspects of OA production and release in the soil with the primary intention of harmonising different views to enable better understanding of this topic. A considerable body of work devoted to the understanding of origins, roles and dynamics of OAs in soil has been critically scrutinised for their various positions in this review. Organic acids in the soil originate from a variety of sources that may include plant roots, microorganisms and organic decomposition. Although OA synthesis in the soil environment may reflect a natural response of biological systems to biotic and abiotic stresses, they also play crucial roles in physiochemical processes such as mineralisation and solubilisation of poorly available and complex minerals as well as contribution to the carbon cycle and detoxification of metals. However, these roles are conceivably a pooled effect of soil OAs interacting with other factors (soil type, soil pH, microbes and other metabolites). The key challenge to elucidate and unravel the dynamics of OAs in the soil lies with the ability to explain and understand how OAs are released in the rhizosphere alongside other important metabolites, which perhaps influence the dynamics.
EJ/JE Machine Translation System ASTRANSAC — Extensions toward Personalization (1991)

The demand for personal use of a translation system seems to be increasing in accordance with the improvement in MT quality. A recent portable and powerful engineering workstation, such as AS1000 (SPARC LT), enables us to develop a personal-use oriented MT system This paper describes the outline of ASTRANSAC (an English-Japanese/Japanese- English bi-directional MT system) and the extensions related to the personalization of ASTRANSAC, which have been newly made since the MT Summit II.
Design of an uncertain prestressed space structure: an info-gap approach (2012)

Uncertainty quantification is an integral part of the model validation process and is important to take into account during the design of mechanical systems. Sources of uncertainty are diverse but generally fall into two categories: aleatory uncertainties due to random processes and epistemic uncertainty resulting from a lack of knowledge or erroneous assumptions. This work focuses on the impact of uncertain levels of prestress on the behavior of solar arrays in their stowed configuration. In this context, snubbers are inserted between two adjacent panels to maintain contact and absorb vibrations during launch. However, under high excitation loads, a loss of contact between the two panels may occur. This results in impacts that can cause extensive damages to fragile elements. In practice, the specific load configuration for which the separation of the two panels occurs is difficult to determine precisely since the exact level of prestress applied to the structure is unknown. An info-gap robustness analysis is applied to study the impact of this lack of knowledge on the prestress safety factor required to avoid loss of contact. The proposed methodology is illustrated using a simplified model of a solar array.
Projected costs of ischemic stroke in the United States (2006)

The economic burden of stroke in African Americans and Hispanics will be enormous over the next several decades. Further efforts to improve stroke prevention and treatment in these high stroke risk groups are necessary.
Antimicrobial activity of DV-7751a, a new fluoroquinolone (1993)

We compared the in vitro antibacterial activity of DV-7751a against gram-positive and -negative bacteria with those of quinolones currently available. MICs for 90% of the strains tested (MIC90s) against clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were 0.20, 0.39, 0.20, and 0.78 micrograms/ml, respectively. Moreover, MIC50s for DV-7751a against ofloxacin-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus were 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-fold lower than those for tosufloxacin and sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin and fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, and lomefloxacin, respectively. DV-7751a inhibited the growth of all strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Peptostreptococcus spp. at 0.39, 0.39, and 0.78 micrograms/ml, respectively, and was 4- to > 16-fold more active against enterococci at the MIC90 level than the other quinolones tested. The activity of DV-7751a against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was roughly comparable to those of levofloxacin and sparfloxacin at the MIC90 level and was two- to fourfold less than that of ciprofloxacin. DV-7751a showed activity comparable to those of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against the other glucose-nonfermenting bacteria Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC90s of 0.025, 0.20, and 0.10 micrograms/ml, respectively). DV-7751a activity was not affected by medium, inoculum size, or the addition of human serum but was decreased under acidic conditions and in human urine, as were the other quinolones tested. Time-kill curve studies demonstrated the rapid bactericidal action of DV-7751a against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and P. aeruginosa. The frequency of spontaneous resistance to DV-7751a was less than or equal to those of the reference drugs. DV-7751a inhibited the supercoiling activity of DNA gyrases from S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa at concentrations comparable to those of levofloxacin and sparfloxacin.
Glucose 6‐phosphate alters rat skeletal muscle contractile apparatus and sarcoplasmic reticulum function (1998)

We investigated the effects of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) on skeletal muscle contractile apparatus and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function. Using rat extensor digitorum longus fibres, the presence of 5 mM G6P decreased the Ca2+ sensitivity of both force production and actomyosin ATPase (AM-ATPase) activity. Conversely, maximal Ca(2+)-activated force was unaffected while maximal AM-ATPase activity was increased by 37%. In SR vesicles isolated from rat gastrocnemius, G6P markedly altered Ca2+ handling. It increased Ca(2+)-stimulated Ca(2+)-ATPase activity but depressed the net rate of Ca2+ uptake. This latter effect appears to be due to G6P-stimulated Ca2+ release. When G6P was added to Ca(2+)-loaded vesicles, a small, transient release of Ca2+ was elicited. In addition, G6P lowered the threshold for Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release but depressed the net rates of both AgNO3- and caffeine-induced releases. It is possible that the accumulation of G6P during muscular activity may adversely affect muscle force production and contribute to the fatigue process via its action on the contractile apparatus and SR.
Immune-Mediated Mechanisms in Cofactor-Dependent Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis: Effect of Cofactors in Basophils and Mast Cells (2021)

Cofactors may explain why in some cases food ingestion leads to anaphylaxis while in others elicits a milder reaction or tolerance. With cofactors, reactions become more severe and/or have a lower allergen threshold. Cofactors are present in up to 58% of food anaphylaxis (FAn). Exercise, NSAIDs, and alcohol are the most frequently described, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly known. Several hypotheses have suggested the influence of these cofactors on basophils and mast cells (MCs). Exercise has been suggested to enhance MC activation by increasing plasma osmolarity, redistributing blood flow, and activating adenosine and eicosanoid metabolism. NSAIDs' cofactor effect has been related with cyclooxygenase inhibition and therefore, prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) production. Indeed, overexpression of adenosine receptor 3 (A<sub>3</sub>) gene has been described in NSAID-dependent FAn; A<sub>3</sub> activation potentiates Fc<i>ϵ</i>RI-induced MC degranulation. Finally, alcohol has been related with an increase of histamine levels by inhibition of diamino oxidase (DAO) and also with and increase of extracellular adenosine by inhibition of its uptake. However, most of these mechanisms have limited evidence, and further studies are urgently needed. In conclusion, the study of the immune-related mechanisms involved in food allergic reactions enhanced by cofactors is of the utmost interest. This knowledge will help to design both tailored treatments and prophylactic strategies that, nowadays, are non-existent.
Early exploration of one’s own body, exploration of objects, and motor, language, and cognitive development relate dynamically across the first two years of life. (2022)

Early exploratory behaviors have been proposed to facilitate children's learning, impacting motor, cognitive, language, and social development. This study related the performance of behaviors used to explore oneself to behaviors used to explore objects, and then related both types of exploratory behaviors to motor, language, and cognitive measures longitudinally from 3 through 24 months of age via secondary analysis of an existing dataset. Participants were 52 children (23 full-term, 29 preterm). Previously published results from this dataset documented delays for preterm relative to full-term infants in each assessment. The current results related performance among the assessments throughout the first 2 years of life. They showed that the developmental trajectories of behaviors children used for self-exploration closely related to the trajectories of behaviors they employed to explore objects. The trajectories of both self and object exploration behaviors significantly related to trajectories of children's motor, language, and cognitive development. Specifically, significant relations to global development were observed for self-exploratory head lifting, midline head and hand positioning, hand opening, and behavioral variability, as well as for object-oriented bimanual holding, mouthing, looking, banging, manipulating, transferring of objects, and behavioral intensity and variability. These results demonstrate continuity among the early exploratory behaviors infants perform with their bodies alone, exploratory behaviors with portable objects, and global development. The findings identify specific self- and object-exploration behaviors that may serve as early indicators of developmental delay and could be targeted by interventions to advance motor, language, and cognitive outcomes for infants at risk for delay. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Elephant: Network Intrusion Detection Systems that Don't Forget (2005)

Modern Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) maintain state that helps them accurately detect attacks. Because most NIDSs are signature-based, it is critical to update their rule-sets frequently; unfortunately, doing so can result in downtime that causes state to be lost, leading to vulnerabilities of attack misclassification. In this paper, we show that such vulnerabilities do exist and provide a way to avoid them. Using the open-source NIDS Snort, we present Elephant, an approach and implementation for updating rule-sets that provides a way to cause Snort to enter a safe quiescent point, load the new rules into memory, and remove the old rules from memory-all while preserving the state that is required to make sure that the NIDS does not miss attacks. We provide a critique and performance evaluation of our technique.
Expected Noise Levels For Interferometric Sensors Multiplexed Using Partially Coherent Light (1986)

A method for multiplexing interferometric optical sensors is reviewed, and theoretical results are presented which predict the phase sensitivity of sensors multiplexed using this method. The multiplexing technique--&quot;coherence multiplexing&apos; is based on the use of a source whose coherence length is short compared to most system optical path length differences. The use of a single-mode semiconductor laser diode source typically leads to a min-imum detectable phase on the order of a milliradian per VHz. Small improvements result from the use of a noise-canceling balanced detection scheme. Sensitivity in the microradian per VHz regime might be achieved through the use of a shorter coherence length source such as a superluminescent diode.
Self-synchronization of 100-Gbit/s TDM packets using a semiconductor laser amplifier and an intensity discriminator (1998)

Summary form only given. Using a semiconductor laser amplifier followed by an intensity discriminator, we demonstrate packet clock extraction from a 100-Gbit/s eight-bit packet where the first pulse is 20 dB higher than the remaining bits. This extracted pulse can be used to process high-speed packets with low timing jitter within each packet frame. Previous demonstrations of self-synchronization have involved marker pulses at different wavelengths, polarization, intensity, or bit period. Our scheme allows all pulses in the packet to be identical, which simplifies packet generation and propagation in high-speed TDM systems.
Optical coherence tomography of dental structures (1998)

In the past ten years Partial Coherence Interferometry (PCI) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) have been successfully developed for high precision biometry and tomography of biological tissues. OCT employs the partial coherence properties of a superluminescent diode and the Doppler principle yielding resolution and precision figures of the order of a few microns. Presently, the main application fields of this technique are biometry and imaging of ocular structures in vivo, as well as its clinical use in dermatology and endoscopic applications. This well established length measuring and imaging technique has now been applied to dentistry. First in vitro OCT images of the cemento (dentine) enamel junction of extracted sound and decayed human teeth have been recorded. These images distinguish dentine and enamel structures that are important for assessing enamel thickness and diagnosing caries. Individual optical A-Scans show that the penetration depth into enamel is considerably larger than into dentine. First polarization sensitive OCT recordings show localized changes of the polarization state of the light backscattered by dental material. Two-dimensional maps of the magnitude of the interference intensity and of the total phase difference between two orthogonal polarization states as a function of depth can reveal important structural information.
MiR-25 Protects Cardiomyocytes against Oxidative Damage by Targeting the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (2015)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs, whose expression levels vary in different cell types and tissues. Emerging evidence indicates that tissue-specific and -enriched miRNAs are closely associated with cellular development and stress responses in their tissues. MiR-25 has been documented to be abundant in cardiomyocytes, but its function in the heart remains unknown. Here, we report that miR-25 can protect cardiomyocytes against oxidative damage by down-regulating mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). MiR-25 was markedly elevated in response to oxidative stimulation in cardiomyocytes. Further overexpression of miR-25 protected cardiomyocytes against oxidative damage by inactivating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. MCU was identified as a potential target of miR-25 by bioinformatical analysis. MCU mRNA level was reversely correlated with miR-25 under the exposure of H2O2, and MCU protein level was largely decreased by miR-25 overexpression. The luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-25 bound directly to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of MCU mRNA. MiR-25 significantly decreased H2O2-induced elevation of mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration, which is likely to be the result of decreased activity of MCU. We conclude that miR-25 targets MCU to protect cardiomyocytes against oxidative damages. This finding provides novel insights into the involvement of miRNAs in oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes.
Impact of a Pulsed Electric Field on Damage of Plant Tissues: Effects of Cell Size and Tissue Electrical Conductivity (2010)

Efficiency of pulsed electric field (PEF) induced permeabilization at 293 K in selected fruit and vegetable plant tissues (apple, potato, carrot, courgette, orange, and banana) at electric field strength (E) of 400 V·cm(-1), 1000 V·cm(-1) and pulse duration (t(p)) of 1000 μs was studied experimentally. The mean cell radius (〈r〉) was within 30 to 60 μm, and the ratio of electrical conductivities of the intact and damaged tissues (σ(i)/σ(d)) was within 0.07 to 0.79 for the studied tissues. Electroporation theory predicts higher damage for tissue with larger cells; however, the direct correlation between PEF damage efficiency and size of cell was not always observed. To explain this anomaly, a theoretical Monte Carlo model was developed and checked for parameters typical for potato tissue. The model showed a strong dependence of PEF damage efficiency and power consumption (W) on σ(i)/σ(d) ratio. The optimum value of electric field strength (E(opt)) was an increasing function of σ(i)/σ(d), and plant tissues with high σ(i)/σ(d) ratio (σ(i)/σ(d) ≈ 1) required application of a rather strong field (for example, E(opt) ≈ 3000 V·cm(-1) for σ(i)/σ(d) ≈ 0.8). However, the PEF treatment at a lower field (E ≈ 400 V·cm(-1)) allowed regulation of the selectivity of damage of cells in dependence of their size. A good qualitative correspondence between experimental data and simulation results were observed.
Comparison of Algorithms for Haptic Interaction With Isosurfaces Extracted From Volumetric Datasets (2012)

Combinations of graphics and haptics libraries are used in medical simulations for simultaneous visualization and tactile interaction with complex 3D anatomy models. The minimum frame rate of 1 kHz for haptics rendering makes it a nontrivial problem when dealing with complex and highly detailed polygonal models. Multiple haptics algorithms based on polygonal mesh rendering, volume haptics, and intermediate representation are evaluated in terms of their servoloop rendering time, client thread rendering time, and quality of force feedback. Algorithms include OpenHaptics' Feedback Buffer and Depth Buffer, GodObject and Ruspini renderers in h3d, chai3d implementation in h3d, ScalarSurfaceFriction mode in Volume Haptics ToolKit (vhtk), and the authors' intermediate representation algorithm based on volumetric data. The latter, in combination with surface graphics visualization, is found to deliver the best rendering time, to detect all collisions and to provide correct haptic feedback where other algorithms fail.
Distributed real time neural networks in interactive complex systems (2008)

In this paper, we present two graphical softwares which help the modeling and the simulation of real time, distributed neural networks (NNs). Used in the frame of the development of control architectures for autonomous robots, these softwares allow a real time control and an on-line learning of different behaviors. We present as an illustration two control architectures: the first one allowing a mobile robot to navigate using on-line learning of visual places, and the second one allowing a robotic head to learn to express a given set of emotions during imitation games.