gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human-Robot Collaboration for Creative and Integrated Design and Fabrication Processes (2016)

This paper proposes a new framework for digital design to fabrication workflow to create an effective collaboration process between human designers and industrial robots, in order to redefine the relationship between design and production. This framework aims at redefining the current one-directional workflow of design to robotic fabrication that is imposed by the current robot programming and control systems, originally developed for engineering product industries. Our proposed system employs machine perception, adaptive control, and design libraries to adapt fabrication processes in real time, in parallel with human perception, learning, and guidance, to act as a catalyst of innovation for design practices, accelerating the design and production of novel building and industrial components.
Implementation of Algebraic Stress Models in a General 3-D Navier-Stokes Method (PAB3D) (1995)

A three-dimensional multiblock Navier-Stokes code, PAB3D, which was developed for propulsion integration and general aerodynamic analysis, has been used extensively by NASA Langley and other organizations to perform both internal (exhaust) and external flow analysis of complex aircraft configurations. This code was designed to solve the simplified Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations. A two-equation k-epsilon turbulence model has been used with considerable success, especially for attached flows. Accurate predicting of transonic shock wave location and pressure recovery in separated flow regions has been more difficult. Two algebraic Reynolds stress models (ASM) have been recently implemented in the code that greatly improved the code's ability to predict these difficult flow conditions. Good agreement with Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) for a subsonic flat plate was achieved with ASM's developed by Shih, Zhu, and Lumley and Gatski and Speziale. Good predictions were also achieved at subsonic and transonic Mach numbers for shock location and trailing edge boattail pressure recovery on a single-engine afterbody/nozzle model.
Retardation of bone growth in triamcinolone-treated mice. (1976)

Immature mice were treated for up to 8 weeks with daily doses of triamcinolone diacetate. The epiphyseal cartilage plate and its surrounding bone from the humeral head were studied histologically at regular intervals. Concomitantly, roentgenographic measurements were performed on the humeri in toto. By the tenth injection significant morphological changes were noted in the cartilaginous plate, followed by complete cessation of bone growth. Severe triglyceride accumulation appeared in the experimental livers and humeral bone marrow. Osteoporosis also occurred and became severe from the fifth week of triamcinolone administration. Possible explanations for the above findings are discussed.
Variable-drift diffusion models of pedestrian road-crossing decisions (2021)

Human behavior and interaction in road traffic is highly complex, with many open scientifi?c questions of high applied importance, not least in relation to recent development efforts toward automated vehicles. In parallel, recent decades have seen major advances in cognitive neuroscience models of human decision-making, but these models have mainly been applied to simplified laboratory tasks. Here, we demonstrate how variable-drift extensions of drift diffusion (or evidence accumulation) models of decision-making can be adapted to the mundane yet non-trivial scenario of a pedestrian deciding if and when to cross a road with oncoming vehicle traffic. Our variable-drift diffusion models provide a mechanistic account of pedestrian road-crossing decisions, and how these are impacted by a variety of sensory cues: time and distance gaps in oncoming vehicle traffic, vehicle deceleration implicitly signaling intent to yield, as well as explicit communication of such yielding intentions. We conclude that variable-drift diffusion models not only hold great promise as mechanistic models of complex real-world decisions, but that they can also serve as applied tools for improving road traffic safety and efficiency.
110th Anniversary: Sustainable Synthesis of Zeolites: From Fundamental Research to Industrial Production (2019)

Zeolites, as a class of porous materials with ordered networks of micropores, have been widely used for decades in industrial applications such as catalysis, ion exchange, and adsorption and separation. In general, their syntheses are not sustainable, because hydrothermal synthesis requires the presence of costly and toxic organic templates and a large amount of a solvent such as water; the removal of organic templates by calcination generates large amounts of polluting gases such as NOx and CO2, whereas the use of water as a solvent produces a huge amount of polluted water. This report summarizes sustainable routes for synthesizing zeolites, such as the use of cheap and nontoxic organic templates, organotemplate-free synthesis, solvent-free synthesis, and a combined strategy with the organotemplate-free and solvent-free routes. Furthermore, industrial production of typical zeolites from these sustainable routes is shown, which offers a good opportunity for sustainable production and wide applications of zeolite products in the future.
Tutorial Review: X-ray Mapping in Electron-Beam Instruments (2006)

This review traces the development of X-ray mapping from its beginning 50 years ago through current analysis procedures that can reveal otherwise obscure elemental distributions and associations. X-ray mapping or compositional imaging of elemental distributions is one of the major capabilities of electron beam microanalysis because it frees the operator from the necessity of making decisions about which image features contain elements of interest. Elements in unexpected locations, or in unexpected association with other elements, may be found easily without operator bias as to where to locate the electron probe for data collection. X-ray mapping in the SEM or EPMA may be applied to bulk specimens at a spatial resolution of about 1 microm. X-ray mapping of thin specimens in the TEM or STEM may be accomplished at a spatial resolution ranging from 2 to 100 nm, depending on specimen thickness and the microscope. Although mapping has traditionally been considered a qualitative technique, recent developments demonstrate the quantitative capabilities of X-ray mapping techniques. Moreover, the long-desired ability to collect and store an entire spectrum at every pixel is now a reality, and methods for mining these data are rapidly being developed.
STORAGE QUALITY OF BELL PEPPERS PRETREATED WITH HOT WATER AND POLYETHYLENE PACKAGING (1999)

ABSTRACT Treatments of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum, L) with hot water at 45Cfor 15 min or SSC for 4 min prior to storage at 8C markedly reduced the incidence of fungal infections. However, the hot water treatment induced shriveling during storage. When hot water treated pepper fruits were subsequently placed in low density polyethylene bags, storage quality of these peppers improved tremendously including retention of firmness, reduction of water loss, retardation of color change, and alleviation of chilling injury. Total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and pH values in the pepper fruit were generally not affected by these treatment. A 4 min dip at 53C followed by packaging with 0.065 mm low density polyethylene film was very effective in maintaining pepper quality. This treatment inhibited respiration rate, reduced decay, retained turgidity and green color, and maintained excellent overall quality after 28 days of storage at 8C. Hot water treatment combined with polyethylene film packaging is a promising technique for improving the storage quality of bell peppers.
Interface Joint Strength Between SS316L Wrought Substrate and Powder Bed Fusion Built Parts (2021)

Metal powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) builds metal parts layer by layer upon a substrate material. The strength of this interface between substrate and printed material is important to characterize, especially in applications where the substrate is retained and included in the finished part. This paper studied the tensile and torsional strengths of wrought and additively manufactured (through PBF) SS316L and compared them to specimens composed of half wrought material and half PBF material. The PBF specimens consistently exhibited higher strength and lower ductility than the wrought specimens. The hybrid PBF/wrought specimens performed similarly to the wrought material. In no specimens did any failure appear to occur at or near the interface between wrought substrate and PBF material. In addition, most of the deformation in the PBF/wrought specimens appeared to be limited to the wrought portion of the specimens. These results are consistent with microscopy showing smaller grain size in the PBF material, which often leads to increased strength in SS316L due to the Hall-Petch relationship.
Synthesis of (Imido)vanadium(V) Alkyl and Alkylidene Complexes Containing Imidazolidin-2-iminato Ligands: Effect of Imido Ligand on ROMP and 1,2-C–H Bond Activation of Benzene (2014)

A series of (imido)vanadium(V) alkylidene complexes containing an imidazolidin-2-iminato ligand of the type V(CHSiMe3)(NR)(X)(PMe3) (R = 2,6-Me2C6H3 (Ar, 3a), 1-adamantyl (Ad, 3b), C6H5 (3c); X = 1,3-Ar′2(CH2N)2C═N; Ar′ = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) have been prepared in n-hexane in the presence of PMe3 from the corresponding dialkyl complexes V(NR)(CH2SiMe3)2(X) (2a–c). These alkylidene complexes (3a–c) exhibit catalytic activities for ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene: the phenylimido analogue (3c) exhibits remarkable activity at 80 °C (e.g. a TOF value of 84800 h–1 (7070 turnovers after 5 min)), affording high-molecular-weight polymers with uniform molecular weight distributions. The reaction of the (arylimido)vanadium(V) dialkyl complex 2a with C6H6 afforded the phenyl complex V(NAr)(CH2SiMe3)(C6H5)(X) (4a) by 1,2-C–H activation via an alkylidene intermediate and the diphenyl complex V(NAr)(C6H5)2(X) as the final product. The activity by 3a–c for ROMP, the reactivity of 2a–c for formation of these alkylidenes by α-hydrogen elimination, and the reactivity of 2a–c toward benzene were highly affected by the nature of the imido ligand.
Nanoparticle generation and transport resulting from femtosecond laser ablation of ultrathin metal films: Time-resolved measurements and molecular dynamics simulations (2014)

The synthesis of metal nanoparticles by ultrafast laser ablation of nanometers-thick metal films has been studied experimentally and computationally. Near-threshold backside laser ablation of 2–20 nm-thick Pt films deposited on fused silica substrates was found to produce nanoparticles with size distributions that were bimodal for the thicker films, but collapsed into a single mode distribution for the thinnest film. Time-resolved imaging of blackbody emission from the Pt nanoparticles was used to reveal the nanoparticle propagation dynamics and estimate their temperatures. The observed nanoparticle plume was compact and highly forward-directed with a well-defined collective velocity that permitted multiple rebounds with substrates to be revealed. Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations were used to understand the evolution of compressive and tensile stresses in the thicker melted liquid films that lead to their breakup and ejection of two groups of nanoparticles with different velocity and size distributions. Ultrafast laser irradiation of ultrathin (few nm) metal films avoids the splitting of the film and appears to be a method well-suited to cleanly synthesize and deposit nanoparticles from semitransparent thin film targets in highly directed beams.
Electrochemical Properties of MnCo2O4Spinel Bifunctional Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reaction (2014)

MnCo2O4 (MCO) spinel powders have been synthesized by a sol–gel process with glucose as pore-former. The samples are characterized by XRD, SEM, BET. SEM and BET results show that MCO-700 has a porous structure and a high specific surface area of 11.1 m2 g−1. Catalytic activities of these oxides for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 0.1 M KOH solution have been studied by using a rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) technique. RRDE results show that MCO-700 exhibits better catalytic activity for the ORR. The ORR mainly favors a direct four electron pathway, and a maximum cathodic current density of 6.69 mA cm−2 at 2500 rpm has been obtained, which is close to that of commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst under the same testing conditions. Anodic linear scanning voltammograms results show that MCO-700 is more active for the OER. Although MCO-700 shows a stable catalytic activity for the ORR, a serious attenuation exists for the OER due to the oxidization of carbon under high potential.
Digital control techniques for power quality improvements in power factor correction applications (2012)

The prevalence of standards and recommended practices to meet harmonic current limits has gained, and continues to gain, momentum over recent years. To meet these requirements, power electronic rectification devices are necessitated along with their specialized control techniques. A popular power electronic circuit to obtain low-harmonic input current is the boost power factor correction (PFC) converter, and with the advent of digital control, powerful control techniques to meet these harmonic current limits are possible. The first contribution is a detailed guide to the conversion of an analog IC-controlled boost PFC converter to a digitally controlled equivalent. Design of the voltage and current sensing networks, compensator, overview of the critical interrupt service routines, and the control implementation in a digital signal processor (DSP) is presented. The existing boost PFC converter modified for digital control is successful, and provides a flexible prototyping test bench for further use. The second contribution is a novel DSP-based discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) detection method for application to the boost PFC converter. The proposed detection method is computationally simple, and requires little or no modification to existing digitally controlled boost PFC converters using DSPs with on-board comparators. An experimental boost PFC converter verifies the effectiveness of the proposed detection method over traditional zero current detection and DCM detection techniques, enabling advanced control techniques for power quality improvements. The final contribution is a new adaptive mixed conduction mode (MCM) control technique for the boost PFC converter. This MCM control technique applies the proposed DSP-based DCM detection method to realize higher power factor and decreased total harmonic distortion (THD) over a commercially available analog controller and a conventional digital controller. Using a boost PFC converter operating in MCM with the proposed adaptive control method, THD improvements of up to 4.55% at light loads and power factor improvements of up to 17.4% are provided over the analog and conventional digital controller.
Effects of Ti Addition on Via Reliability in Cu Dual Damascene Interconnects (2004)

We investigated the effects of a Ti addition on the reliability and the electrical performance of Cu interconnects, comparing three different ways of Ti addition such as A) Ti layer insertion under Ta-TaN stacked barrier metal, B) Ti layer insertion between a Ta-TaN barrier and Cu, and C) the Ti doping from the surface of the electrochemical-plated (ECP) Cu film. The structure-A drastically suppresses the stress-induced voiding (SIV) under the via connected to a wide lower line due to adhesion improvement by Ti at the via-bottom, while the electromigration (EM) is not improved. In the structure-B, by contrast, the EM is improved but the SIV resistance is degraded. The Ti doping from the bottom surface of Cu film restricts the grain growth and increases the tensile stress, enhancing the SIV. The structure-C improves not only the SIV but also the EM resistance. The oxygen gettering effect of Ti during the ECP-Cu annealing is a reason for the reliability improvements of the SIV and the EM. The improvement of adhesiveness at the interface between the via and the lower Cu line, and the oxygen gettering from Cu by Ti play an important role in suppressing the SIV and the EM.
Development of novel indolyl-derived biologically active compounds (2013)

MRSA ist ein methicillin resistenter Staphylococcus Bakterienstamm, welcher Resistenzen gegen die Wirkung von β-Lactam Antibiotika entwickelt hat, mitunter die Penicilline Methicillin, Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin und weitere. Der Staphylococcus Stamm im Allgemeinen ist für eine Vielzahl an Infektionen im Bereich Haut, Lunge und anderen Regionen verantwortlich. MRSA wird manchmal auch als „superbug“ bezeichnet, weil es schlecht behandelbar ist und wegen seiner Resistenz gegen viele Antibiotika jährlich eine hohe Zahl an Infektionen in Krankenhäusern auslöst. Rund 19.000 Menschen sterben laut einer statistischen Auswertung (CDC) jedes Jahr an einer MRSA-Infektionen allein in den USA. Eine erwähnenswerte neue Ergänzung zu unserem antibakteriellen Arsenal gegen MRSA-Infektionen wären neue bakterizide Stoffe gegen resistente Isolate und Standards. Wir haben erstmals gezeigt, dass Cycloalkanindole, bis-Indolobenzocarbazole und oxidierte bis-Indolylmethene eine hemmende Wirkung auf das Wachstum der resistenten MRSA (Standard und Isolate) und andere gram-positive Bakterien bei niedrigen Konzentrationen haben. Diese neuartigen, hier beschriebenen bis- und tris-Indolyl-Inhibitoren können einfach und kostengünstig synthetisiert werden und strukturelle Modifikationen, um die in vitro Aktivität zu verbessern, effizient erreicht werden. Im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung neuer Medikamente zur Bekämpfung des MRSA und anderer gram-positiver Keime sind dies signifikante Ergebnisse.
Notiz über die Synthese von N‐terminalen Peptiden des 3.4‐Dihydroxyphenylalanins (1963)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von Phthalyl‐DL‐3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylalanin mit DL‐Aminosäureäthylestern werden nach verschiedenen Syntheseverfahren N‐terminale Peptide des 3, 4‐Dihydroxyphenylalanins dargestellt.
New therapies in the treatment of melanoma (2012)

Introduction: Therapies targeting immune checkpoints (CTLA-4) and the MAP kinase signaling pathway (RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK) have transformed the treatment of advanced melanoma in the past year. Agents aimed at other therapeutic targets of interest are being actively evaluated in the clinic. Areas covered: Areas of active therapeutic interest in melanoma include immunotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy and chemotherapy; combinations of these modalities are now under systematic exploration. Expert opinion: The evaluation of patients with melanoma now includes the molecular profiling of tumor mutations in the BRAF, as well as c-Kit, NRAS and other genes that have been discovered to be drivers of different subsets of the disease. The analysis of the host immunological response to melanoma is equally important, as a basis for the development of immunotherapies that have been of value to melanoma patients in the adjuvant arena, as well as for therapy of metastatic disease. The understanding of these two facets of the disease will provide a more rational basis for the delivery of individualized therapy for the disease both in its advanced setting, and in the adjuvant arena, in the future.
Evaluation of a Salmonella Strain Lacking the Secondary Messenger C-di-GMP and RpoS as a Live Oral Vaccine (2016)

Salmonellosis is one of the most important bacterial zoonotic diseases transmitted through the consumption of contaminated food, with chicken and pig related products being key reservoirs of infection. Although numerous studies on animal vaccination have been performed in order to reduce Salmonella prevalence, there is still a need for an ideal vaccine. Here, with the aim of constructing a novel live attenuated Salmonella vaccine candidate, we firstly analyzed the impact of the absence of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) in Salmonella virulence. C-di-GMP is an intracellular second messenger that controls a wide range of bacterial processes, including biofilm formation and synthesis of virulence factors, and also modulates the host innate immune response. Our results showed that a Salmonella multiple mutant in the twelve genes encoding diguanylate cyclase proteins that, as a consequence, cannot synthesize c-di-GMP, presents a moderate attenuation in a systemic murine infection model. An additional mutation of the rpoS gene resulted in a synergic attenuating effect that led to a highly attenuated strain, referred to as ΔXIII, immunogenic enough to protect mice against a lethal oral challenge of a S. Typhimurium virulent strain. ΔXIII immunogenicity relied on activation of both antibody and cell mediated immune responses characterized by the production of opsonizing antibodies and the induction of significant levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-17 and IL-10. ΔXIII was unable to form a biofilm and did not survive under desiccation conditions, indicating that it could be easily eliminated from the environment. Moreover, ΔXIII shows DIVA features that allow differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals. Altogether, these results show ΔXIII as a safe and effective live DIVA vaccine.
The effect of various implant materials on cementogenesis. (1989)

Various implant materials have been used to stimulate the regeneration of supporting bone lost from periodontal disease. In addition, the histologic features of bone regeneration associated with their implantation have been evaluated. Very little, however, seems to be known about the effect of implant materials on cementum formation. The aim of this study was to determine whether implant materials stimulate the cementogenesis on adjacent planed root surfaces. Twelve monkeys with healthy gingivae were used in this experiment. Following mucoperiosteal flap elevation, "windows" were chiseled in the bone to the proximal root dentin surfaces and adjacent root surfaces were planed. Each of the three implant materials [tricalcium phosphate (TCP), decalcified bone matrix (DBM) and hydroxyapatite (HA)] were then placed in the cuspid and incisor root "windows" before the flap was sutured back into the previous position. Windows with no implantation served as a control. Animals were sacrificed 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Biopsy specimens including the tooth and surrounding bone were examined by light and electron microscopy. At 2 weeks, all implant particles were surrounded by fibrous tissue. On the other hand, fibrous tissues filled the control defect. On the planed root surfaces after the implantation of TCP and DBM, furthermore, cementoid tissue appeared. At 4 weeks, a considerable amount of new cementum was deposited on the root surfaces except in the implantation of HA. It was especially pronounced after implantation of TCP and DBM which promoted bone regeneration after resorption. These results suggest that resorbable implant materials such as TCP and DBM not only facilitate the formation of new bone, but also of new cementum.