gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MACE prediction using high-dimensional machine learning and mechanistic interpretation: A longitudinal cohort study in US veterans (2022)

Abstract High dimensional predictive models of Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE), which includes heart attack (AMI), stroke, and death caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD), were built using four longitudinal cohorts of Veterans Administration (VA) patients created from VA medical records. We considered 247 variables / risk factors measured across 7.5 years for millions of patients in order to compare predictions for the first reported MACE event using six distinct modelling methodologies. The best-performing methodology varied across the four cohorts. Model coefficients related to disease pathophysiology and treatment were relatively constant across cohorts, while coefficients dependent upon the confounding variables of age and healthcare utilization varied considerably across cohorts. In particular, models trained on a retrospective case-control (Rcc) cohort (where controls are matched to cases by date of birth cohort and overall level of healthcare utilization) emphasize variables describing pathophysiology and treatment, while predictions based on the cohort of all active patients at the start of 2017 (C-17) rely much more on age and variables reflecting healthcare utilization. In consequence, directly using an Rcc-trained model to evaluate the C-17 cohort resulted in poor performance (C-statistic = 0.65). However, a simple reoptimization of model dependence on age, demographics, and five other variables improved the C-statistic to 0.74, nearly matching the 0.76 obtained on C-17 by a C-17-trained model. Dependence of MACE risk on biomarkers for hypertension, cholesterol, diabetes, body mass index, and renal function in our models was consistent with the literature. At the same time, including medications and procedures provided important indications of both disease severity and the level of treatment. More detailed study designs will be required to disentangle these effects.
Understanding and Exploitation of Neighboring Heteroatom Effect for the Mild N-Arylation of Heterocycles with Diaryliodonium Salts under Aqueous Conditions: A Theoretical and Experimental Mechanistic Study (2016)

The mechanism of arylation of N-heterocycles with unsymmetric diaryliodonium salts is elucidated. The fast and efficient N-arylation reaction is interpreted in terms of the bifunctionality of the substrate: The consecutive actions of properly oriented Lewis base and Brønsted acid centers in sufficient proximity result in the fast and efficient N-arylation. The mechanistic picture points to a promising synthetic strategy where suitably positioned nucleophilic and acidic centers enable functionalization, and it is tested experimentally.
Elaboration of Ta2O5 Thin Films Using Electrostatic Spray Deposition for Microelectronic Applications (2007)

The deposition of tantalum oxide thin films on SiOxNy/Si substrates using electrostatic spray deposition was investigated. Different microstructures (dense, reticulated, porous) depending on the process parameters such as the nature of the precursor solution, substrate temperature, nozzle-to-substrate distance, and precursor solution flow rate were obtained. The evolution of film thickness and morphology versus deposition time was discussed. The films deposited at temperatures ranging from 100 to 210 °C were found amorphous. A pure pseudo hexagonal δ-Ta2O5 single phase was identified by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectrocopy after annealing from 650 °C and above.
Effects of acanthoic acid on TNF‐α gene expression and haptoglobin synthesis (1998)

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine inducing the synthesis and release of many inflammatory mediators. It is involved in immune regulation, autoimmune diseases, and inflammation. Our previous study demonstrated that acanthoic acid, (-)-pimara-9(11), 15-dien-19-oic acid, a pimaradiene diterpene isolated from Acanthopanax koreanum, inhibited TNF-alpha production. To extend our understanding of inhibitory effects of acanthoic acid on TNF-alpha production, its effects on TNF-alpha gene expression was tested. Based on the results from RT-PCR and promoter analysis of TNF-alpha, it was found that acanthoic acid suppressed TNF-alpha gene expression. But the same concentration of acanthoic acid had no effect on IL-6 gene expression. Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein which is induced by TNF-alpha. When liver cells were treated with acanthoic acid, haptoglobin synthesis was blocked by acanthoic acid. These data confirmed that acanthoic acid inhibited gene expression and biological function of TNF-alpha.
Biomarker identification for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (2008)

Detection of decreased Aβ42, and increased total and hyperphosphorylated tau in CSF from AD patients can provide a fairly reliable diagnosis. Furthermore, very recent studies have demonstrated altered levels of cytokines in plasma and differential gene expression and protein phosphorylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AD patients. Identification of the roles of these proteins may provide valuable insights into the underlying molecular pathology of AD and possible sites for therapeutic intervention.
Radical cations with a sulphur–iodine 2σ–1σ* three-electron bond (1987)

E. Anklam, H. Mohan and K. Asmus, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, 629 DOI: 10.1039/C39870000629
Characterization of the c-Myb-responsive Region and Regulation of the Human Type I Collagen α2 Chain Gene by c-Myb (2003)

We have characterized the role of c-Myb and B-Myb in the regulation of human type I collagen alpha2 chain gene expression in fibroblastic cells. We have identified four Myb-binding sites (MBSs) in the promoter. Transactivation assays on wild type and mutant promoter-reporter constructs demonstrated that c-Myb, but not B-Myb, can transactivate the human type I collagen alpha 2 chain gene promoter via the MBS-containing region. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments showed that c-Myb specifically binds to each of the four MBS; however, the mutagenesis of site MBS-4 completely inhibited transactivation by c-Myb, at least in the full-length promoter. In agreement with these results, c-myb(-/-) mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) showed a selective lack of expression of type I collagen alpha 2 chain gene but maintained the expression of fibronectin and type III collagen. Furthermore, transforming growth factor-beta induced type I collagen alpha 2 chain gene expression in c-myb(-/-) MEFs, implying that the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway is maintained and that the absence of COL1A2 gene expression in c-myb(-/-) MEFs is a direct consequence of the lack of c-Myb. The demonstration of the importance of c-Myb in the regulation of the type I collagen alpha 2 chain gene suggests that uncontrolled expression of c-Myb could be an underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of several fibrotic disorders.
기상해일사례분석을 통한 기상해일발생 임계조건 도출 (2018)

Both the propagation velocity and the direction of atmospheric waves are important factors for analyzing and forecasting meteo-tsunami. In this study, a total of 14 events of meteo-tsunami over 11 years (2006-2016) are selected through analyzing sea-level data observed from tidal stations along the west coast of the Korean peninsula. The propagation velocity and direction are calculated by tracing the atmospheric disturbance of each meteo-tsunami event predicted by the WRF model. Then, the Froude number is calculated using the propagation velocity of atmospheric waves and oceanic long waves from bathymetry data. To derive the critical condition for the occurrence of meteo-tsunami, supervised learning using a logistic regression algorithm is conducted. It is concluded that the threshold distance of meteo-tsunami occurrence, from a propagation direction, can be calculated by the amplitude of air-pressure tendency and the resonance factor, which are found using the Froude number. According to the critical condition, the distance increases logarithmically with the ratio of the amplitude of air-pressure tendency and the square of the resonance factor, and meteo-tsunami do not occur when the ratio is less than 5.11 hPa/10 min.
Decision letter: TMC1 is an essential component of a leak channel that modulates tonotopy and excitability of auditory hair cells in mice (2019)

Other than its function in mechanotransduction, TMC1 is indispensable for action potential firing of auditory hair cells by mediating a leak conductance that alters tonotopically along the cochlea coil.
Amplitude matching strategy for wave-optical design of monofunctional systems (2000)

Abstract The design of optical systems capable of transforming one given input field into an output field which maximizes one prescribed merit function is discussed in the functional embodiment of the system, that is by dealing with transmission functions instead of structured matter. Customary beam shaping techniques are identified as a special case of a more general strategy which is called amplitude matching. This strategy makes use of the field quantities amplitude and phase and therefore it is a wave-optical design approach. The flexibility of the technique is demonstrated by various examples. Parameters like conversion efficiency, signal-to-noise ratio, distances between transmission functions, and the number of transmission functions necessary for the implementation of wave transformations are discussed.
A quasi-synchronous dependence model for information retrieval (2011)

Incorporating syntactic features in a retrieval model has had very limited success in the past, with the exception of binary term dependencies. This paper presents a new term dependency modeling approach based on syntactic dependency parsing for both queries and documents. Our model is inspired by a quasi-synchronous stochastic process for machine translation[21]. We model four different types of relationships between syntactically dependent term pairs to perform inexact matching between documents and queries. We also propose a machine learning technique for predicting optimal parameter settings for a retrieval model incorporating syntactic relationships. The results on TREC collections show that the quasi-synchronous dependence model can improve retrieval performance and outperform a strong state-of-art sequential dependence baseline when we use predicted optimal parameters.
Random Channel Masks for Regularization of Least Squares-Based Finger EMG-Force Modeling to Improve Cross-Day Performance (2022)

Estimating the finger forces from surface electromyography (sEMG) is essential for diverse applications (e.g., human-machine interfacing). The performance of pre-trained sEMG-force models degenerates significantly when applied on a second day, due to the large cross-day variation of sEMG characteristics. Previous studies mainly employed transfer learning algorithms to tackle this problem. However, transfer learning algorithms normally require data collected on the second day for model calibration, increasing the inconvenience in practical use. In this work, we investigated the effect of model regularization on this issue. Specifically, 256-channel high-density sEMG (HDsEMG) signals with varying finger forces were collected on different days (3-25 days apart). We applied randomly generated channel perturbations ("masks") to feature maps of randomly selected channels in training dataset. The channel masks of the training set were generated randomly and independently in each narrow time window (~20 ms). We assumed that by learning from randomly masked feature maps (randomness is the central aspect), the model would not be biased by a small number of features but would be based on learning from a global perspective, therefore avoiding overfitting to the within-day EMG patterns. Moore-Penrose inverse model regularization was also employed as a baseline method, with results showing that cross-day EMG-force models require a higher tolerance parameter compared with within-day applications. In combination with the Moore-Penrose inverse model regularization, further applying random channel masks to the training set significantly improved model performance in cross-day validation.
Linee guida per l’elaborazione del modello idrogeologico concettuale (2015)

Introduzione. Il presente quaderno tecnico affronta il tema del modello idrogeologico concettuale, ovvero di quel passaggio dalle categorie storicamente qualitative, naturalistiche della geologia classica, a quelle di un inquadramento stringente, coerente e quantificato dell’idrogeologia applicata e dei suoi corollari numerici. Vengono di seguito descritti metodi, strumenti e concetti per una corretta elaborazione del modello concettuale, ovvero come conglobare l’informazione meteo-climatica, idrochimica, geochimica, agronomica, litologica, petro- chimica ed idrologica in uno schema coerente che consenta la sintesi olistica della dinamica delle acque sotterranee e di quanto esse veicolano, in un quadro comprensibile anche ad altre categorie tecnico-professionali. Un modello concettuale, correttamente concepito, agevola la comprensione dei fenomeni accaduti e la previsione di cosa potrà succedere anche, ma non solo, in conseguenza di azioni antropiche in atto o in programmazione. Si è quindi affrontato anche il tema delle normative che trattano la materia in riferimento alla programmazione ter- ritoriale, alla progettazione di manufatti ed opere ed alla tutela ed al risanamento dell’ambiente. Il modello concettuale è base imprescindibile per ogni successiva valutazione quantitativa. In assenza di un modello verificato e robusto, non solo il passaggio all’implementazione di un modello numerico è velleitario, ma anche i semplici calcoli deterministico-analitici, più ampiamente diffusi ed applicati, rischiano di perdere ogni significato pratico. Ovviamente il quaderno non ha alcuna pretesa di esaustività né di formulare codici, ma cerca semplicemente di for- nire ai colleghi una traccia utile, ancorché insufficiente se non corredata dagli approfondimenti che ciascuno di noi è sempre tenuto a fare, per soddisfare in scienza e coscienza le esigenze dei committenti. Il paragrafo bibliografia e l’annesso glossario servono proprio a questo.
High-power continuous-wave mid-infrared radiation generated by difference frequency mixing of diode-laser-seeded fiber amplifiers and its application to dual-beam spectroscopy (1999)

We report the generation of up to 0.7 mW of narrow-linewidth (<60-MHz) radiation at 3.3 micrometers by difference frequency mixing of a Nd:YAG-seeded 1.6-W Yb fiber amplifier and a 1.5-micrometers diode-laser-seeded 0.6-W Er/Yb fiber amplifier in periodically poled LiNbO3. A conversion efficiency of 0.09%/W (0.47 mWW-2 cm-1) was achieved. A room-air CH4 spectrum acquired with a compact 80-m multipass cell and a dual-beam spectroscopic configuration indicates an absorption sensitivity of +/-2.8 x 10(-5) (+/-1 sigma), corresponding to a sub-parts-in-10(9) (ppb) CH4 sensitivity (0.8 ppb).
The reactionary and the radical: A comparative analysis of mass conservative mobilisation in Australia and New Zealand during the Great Depression (2015)

&lt;p&gt;The Great Depression witnessed an unparalleled explosion of mass conservative mobilisation across Australia and New Zealand. Large populist movements sprang into being virtually overnight and amassed a collective membership numbering in the hundreds of thousands. At the height of their influence they posed a direct challenge to the electoral base of mainstream conservative parties. They soon faded away from the political scene and, indeed, from the collective memory of Australian and New Zealand society. This thesis is concerned with four of these movements: the Citizens’ League of South Australia, the Australian Citizens’ League of Victoria, the All for Australia League of New South Wales, and the New Zealand Legion. The former three arose in Australia in 1931, whilst the latter appeared in New Zealand in 1933. These movements combined a populist and idealist rhetorical and organisational style with standard conservative social and economic ideas. They simultaneously sought new and radical alternatives to party politics and class conflict whilst expressing nostalgia for an illusory nineteenth century colonial society epitomised by classlessness, limited government, independent politicians, and the self-sufficient pioneer. This thesis suggests that, in order to truly understand these movements, this inherent contradiction between looking forwards and backwards for political inspiration must be embraced rather than ironed out in favour of narrative consistency. It argues that the citizens’ movements were a contradictory blend of the reactionary and the radical, and that their history, from their origins to their rapid demise, can be best interpreted through the lens of this thematic contradiction.&lt;/p&gt;
Sustainable hydrogen production from agro-industrial wastewater combining dark fermentation and microbial electrolysis (2015)

International audience
BOLD response in squirrel monkey brains evoked by green light without exogenous opsin (2023)

Optogenetic stimulation combined with MRI detection of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) effects has been developed as a powerful tool to delineate brain circuits. Opsin targeting specific cell types induce neural activity when irradiated with light at a specific wavelength. We detected robust BOLD effects in secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) and downstream interconnected caudate putamen (CPu) of monkey brains from irradiation with low-intensity green light without exogenous green light specific opsin, suggesting hemodynamic changes can be stimulated without any associated neural activity.
Coupling Two-Dimensional MoTe2 and InGaZnO Thin-Film Materials for Hybrid PN Junction and CMOS Inverters (2017)

We report the fabrication of hybrid PN junction diode and complementary (CMOS) inverters, where 2D p-type MoTe<sub>2</sub> and n-type thin film InGaZnO (IGZO) are coupled for each device process. IGZO thin film was initially patterned by conventional photolithography either for n-type material in a PN diode or for n-channel of top-gate field-effect transistors (FET) in CMOS inverter. The hybrid PN junction diode shows a good ideality factor of 1.57 and quite a high ON/OFF rectification ratio of ∼3 × 10<sup>4</sup>. Under photons, our hybrid PN diode appeared somewhat stable only responding to high-energy photons of blue and ultraviolet. Our 2D nanosheet-oxide film hybrid CMOS inverter exhibits voltage gains as high as ∼40 at 5 V, low power consumption less than around a few nW at 1 V, and ∼200 μs switching dynamics.
Reducing Operator Induced Machine Vibration Using a Complex Pole/Zero Prefilter (2000)

Abstract A systematic prefilter design process for reducing operator induced rigid body vibrations of rubber tire mounted machines is presented. The contribution of this work is the development of a systematic prefilter design process and interpretation of the results. The class of equipment considered in this work are those machines having rigid body main frame vibrations dominated by linear dynamics. The reduction of machine vibrations is accomplished through the design of prefilters that reduce the machine resonant frequencies from the operator commands. The machine information required for the design process includes the bandwidth of the electro-hydraulic (E/H) valves and rigid body resonant frequencies of the machine mainframe. The pre-specified performance in the design process is the desired attenuation of machine resonant frequencies, i.e. the acceptable level of machine vibration. The design methodology has been applied to a telescopic boom lift to illustrate the procedure and the effectiveness of the design.
Binding energy of1Businglet excitons in the one-dimensional extended Hubbard-Peierls model (1997)

Using a symmetrized density-matrix renormalization-group formulation, we have investigated the electronic binding energy of the lowest optically allowed exciton (${1\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{u}}$) within an extended Hubbard-Peierls model (with parameters U, V, and \ensuremath{\delta}) for conjugated chains with N=80 sites. Three symmetries, the ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$, spin parity, and electron-hole symmetries, have been applied to construct the projector operator. Analysis of our results on the ratios between exciton binding energies and exciton energies, sheds light on the current experimental and theoretical controversy on exciton binding for polyacetylene and polyparaphenylene vinylene. We show that in the absence of dimerization, the exciton binding energy is vanishingly small for U/t up to 5 and V/t up to 2.3; for a finite dimerization, it is only when V is large enough that the exciton gets to be significantly bound. This result questions the applicability to conjugated polymers of the strong correlation picture, in which the exciton binding energy is equal to V.
Evidence that the A2 fragment of Shiga-like toxin type I is required for holotoxin integrity (1994)

Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin type I (SLT-I) is a potent cytotoxin consisting of an enzymatically active A subunit and a pentameric B subunit that mediates toxin binding to susceptible eukaryotic cells. Evidence that the carboxy-terminal 38 amino acids of the A subunit are involved in holotoxin 1A:5B association is presented. We compared the ability of purified recombinant SLT-I B subunit (Slt-IB) to combine in vitro with purified recombinant SLT-I A subunit (Slt-IA; full-length subunit A includes amino acids 1 to 293) and its ability to combine with purified recombinant SLT-I A1 subunit (Slt-IA1; truncated subunit A includes amino acids 1 to 255). Each mixture was analyzed for biological and physical evidence of toxin assembly. Although Slt-IA successfully combined with Slt-IB to form a molecular species similar to holotoxin that was detectable by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting and yielded a molecule which was cytotoxic to cultured Vero cells, Slt-IA1 did not have this ability. Slt-IA1 was 36-fold more active than Slt-IA in an in vitro protein synthesis inhibition assay. These findings suggest that the Slt-IA2 fragment is crucial for formation of SLT holotoxin and stabilizes the interaction between the A and B subunits.
Fine-needle capillary mounting for protein microcrystals (2012)

Protein microcrystals of less than 10 µm in size are now applicable to X-ray studies by synchrotron microbeam technology. However, because of their small size, they are difficult to handle and mount. In addition, the deterioration of data quality by scattering from the mounting apparatus and crystallization solvent is not negligible. To address these issues, a simple mounting method is proposed using a fine-needle capillary similar to that used for microinjection in cell biology. In this method, microcrystals are pulled up by capillary action or pipetting, and are held at the tip together with a small amount of cryoprotectant. The quality of the diffraction data using this method is comparable to that of data from conventional cryoloops. This solid apparatus is hopefully suitable for automation of microcrystal handling coupled with optical tweezers.
136. Sulphur chloride pentafluoride: preparation and some properties (1960)

H. L. Roberts and N. H. Ray, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 665 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600000665