gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
66 Improvement in the outcome of the viral hepatitis prevention program at national guard hospitals (riyadh) in 2018 (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> The public health team of the Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) department conducted a systemic evaluation in 2017 for patients diagnosed with hepatitis B or C between 2013 and 2016. The findings showed high rates of loss to follow-up and unreachable viral hepatitis B and C infected cases. Loss to follow-up has been shown to be a major obstacle for management of patients with hepatitis. The objective of the current study was to improve the rate of case identification and follow-up management. <h3>Methods</h3> To improve the rate of case identification and follow-up management, the guidelines for viral hepatitis were upgraded in 2018 by IPC staff after active engagement of head and treating physicians of relevant departments and hospital executives. Additionally, key performance improvement (KPI) metrics were established: loss to follow-up (unable to reach patient) and increase in management initiation (able to reach and counsel patient). Data for patients with positive HBsAg and HCV PCR were collected in 2018 using the hospital electronic record system. In addition to enhanced counselling and referral of infected patients, an annual viral hepatitis awareness campaign was done during the International Hepatitis Day to raise public awareness about vaccination and treatment for viral hepatitis. <h3>Results</h3> Hepatitis B management initiation increased from 67% during 2013–2016 to 94% during 2018, and patients lost to follow- up decreased from 33% to 6%. Similarly, hepatitis C management initiation increased from 67% during 2013–2016 to 86% during 2018, and patients lost to follow up decreased from 33% to 14%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Enhanced counselling and referral of infected patients, and increasing public awareness were successful in improving the initiation of case management and reducing loss to follow-up for patients with hepatitis B and C. The intervention focused on engagement and use of the hospital electronic record system in improving the public health role of the IPC department. More efforts are still required to reduce the number of patients lost to follow-up.
Estimation of the radiation force on implanted medical devices: a theoretical study (2012)

Implantable medical devices, such as pacemaker or insulin pump, are more and more used to extend or improve the quality of life. The radiation force could actually be a solution to remotely control these devices in different applications (energy supply, drug delivery control...). The aim of this work is to quantify the amplitude and spatial repartition of the ultrasound radiation force which could be applied on such a system. Reflection of the incident acoustic beam at the interface (surface force) and attenuation of the US beam along the wave path (body force) both contribute to this force. In this study, these force contributions have been calculated in the case of a device implanted one centimeter under the skin. First, a heterogeneous axisymetric pseudo-spectral time domain method is used to estimate the ultrasound particle velocity and acoustic pressure (amplitude, spatial repartition) inside the device and at the interface. These parameters are then inserted in analytical expressions to precisely calculate the force applied on the implantable device. Surface and body forces contributions have been analyzed and the global force estimated for two configurations of 5 MHz transducers (plane and focused) and two types of device mechanical characteristics (semi-rigid and rigid).
Graphene Oxide: Preparation, Functionalization, and Electrochemical Applications (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTGraphene Oxide: Preparation, Functionalization, and Electrochemical ApplicationsDa Chen†‡, Hongbin Feng†, and Jinghong Li*†View Author Information† Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China‡ College of Materials Science & Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China*Tel/Fax: +86 10 6279 5290. E-mail address: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 11, 6027–6053Publication Date (Web):August 14, 2012Publication History Received4 December 2010Published online14 August 2012Published inissue 14 November 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr300115ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr300115greview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62297Altmetric-Citations2967LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrodes,Materials,Peptides and proteins,Sensors,Two dimensional materials Get e-Alerts
Cellulases and hemicellulases of the anaerobic fungusPiromycesconstitute a multiprotein cellulose-binding complex and are encoded by multigene families (1995)

More than 80% of the extracellular Avicelase, endoglucanase, xylanase and mannanase activities of the anaerobic fungus Piromyces were associated with a cellulose-binding complex. The complex was composed of at least 10 polypeptides ranging in size from 190 kDa to 50 kDa, and contained numerous endoglucanases, xylanases and mannanases. Multiple genes encoding each of these activities were isolated from an expressing cDNA library.
Inferring material properties of the lower mantle minerals using Mixture Density Networks (2021)

Interpretation of information available from seismic data in terms of temperature and composition requires an understanding of the physical properties of minerals, in particular, the elastic properties of candidate Earth minerals at the relevant (here, lower mantle) pressure and temperature. A common practice for the bulk elastic properties is to measure volume at a range of pressures and temperatures using experiments or computational methods. These datasets are then typically fit to a pre-determined functional form, or equation of state to allow computation of elastic properties at any other pressure or temperature. However, errors, both random and systematic, limitations in the number of data and choice of pressure marker and scale, as well as different functional forms of equations of state, all contribute to the uncertainties in mineral seismic properties. In an attempt to present a more comprehensive view of these uncertainties, we use neural-network based techniques to infer the relationship among: pressure, temperature, volume, bulk modulus, and thermal expansivity of MgO. We illustrate our approach on experimental data, but an extension to ab initio data is straightforward. The type of neural network used is called a Mixture Density Network (MDN) which is a combination of a conventional feed-forward neural network and a mixture model that consists of Gaussian functions. MDNs are capable of approximating arbitrary probability density functions, which allows us to compute the uncertainties in the predicted equations of state. Since the networks interpolate locally between input samples, pressure-volume-temperature relations are implicitly learned from data without imposing any explicit thermodynamic assumptions or ad-hoc relationships. We use the partial derivatives of the mapping between inputs (pressure and temperature) and output (volume) to compute the isothermal bulk modulus and thermal expansivity. Flexibility of the MDNs allows us to investigate the uncertainty due to certain data in one region of pressure-temperature space without influencing the posterior probability density everywhere. In general, we find that the elastic properties of MgO are well-constrained by experimental data. However, our study highlights regions in which sparse or inconsistent data lead to poorly constrained elastic properties, namely: at low pressure and high temperature (<25 GPa and >1500 K), and temperatures above 2700 K. While the former conditions are likely not important for the Earth's lower mantle, they are relevant in other planetary bodies such as the Moon and Mars. Comparison with conventional equation of state forms shows that assuming a certain functional form of the pressure-volume-temperature relationship leads to potential bias in uncertainty quantification, because the uncertainties are then specific to the underlying form. In combination with data sets of other lower mantle minerals, this technique should improve uncertainty quantification in interpretations of seismic data.
Solution Processable, Electrochromic Ion Gels for Sub-1 V, Flexible Displays on Plastic (2015)

The functionality of ion gels can be enhanced by incorporating different types of redox-active species. Here, we have expanded the functionality of ion gels composed of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-polystyrene and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide to include electrochromism by adding an electrochromic (EC) redox molecule, methyl viologen. Ferrocene was also added to the EC gel as an anodic species. The EC gel was inserted between two indium–tin oxide-coated glass slides (or plastic sheets) to make a simple two-terminal electrochromic device (ECD). The ECD changed color upon application of 0.7 V. The coloration efficiency (η) was 105 cm2/C, and the ECD exhibited good operational stability over 24 h even in air. Because the EC gel is processed from common solvents (acetone) at room temperature, it can be coated onto plastic straightforwardly, and we demonstrated a patterned flexible ECD. Overall, the results demonstrate that sub-1 V, flexible ECDs based on EC ion gels can be prepared by simple solution processing, and thus, they are potentially attractive components for printed electronics.
Role of specific cytochrome P450 enzymes in the N-oxidation of the antiarrhythmic agent mexiletine (2003)

1. Mexiletine is extensively metabolized in man by C- and N-oxidation and the aim of the present study was to characterize major cytochrome P450 enzyme(s) involved in the formation of N-hydroxymexiletine. 2. Incubations with genetically engineered microsomes indicated that the formation rate of N-hydroxymexiletine was highest in the presence of microsomes expressing high levels of either CYP1A2 or CYP2E1 and the formation of N-hydroxymexiletine by human liver microsomes was inhibited about 40% by antibodies directed against CYP1A1/1A2 or CYP2E1. Additional incubations demonstrated that formation of N-hydroxymexiletine was decreased 47 and 51% by furafylline, 40 microm and 120 microm, respectively, and decreased 55 and 67% by alpha-naphthoflavone, 1 microm and 3 microm, respectively (all p < 0.05 versus control). 3. The formation rate of N-hydroxymexiletine in human liver microsomes was highly correlated with CYP2B6 (RS-mexiletine, r = 0.7827; R-(-)-enantiomer, r = 0.7034; S-(+)-enantiomer, r = 0.7495), CYP2E1 (S-(+)-enantiomer, r = 0.7057) and CYP1A2 (RS-mexiletine, r = 0.5334; S-(+)-enantiomer, r = 0.6035). 4. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that CYP1A2 is a major human cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in the formation of N-hydroxymexiletine. However, other cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP2E1 and CYP2B6) also appear to play a role in the N-oxidation of this drug.
Potential use of a simplified method for determination of itraconazole levels in plasma and esophageal tissue by using high-performance liquid chromatography (1995)

A simplified high-performance liquid chromatography assay was developed for determination of itraconazole levels in plasma and esophageal tissue in four patients with AIDS who had been receiving daily oral doses of 100 mg of itraconazole in solution for at least 3 weeks for therapy of esophageal candidiasis. Itraconazole levels were about three times higher in esophageal tissue than in plasma (means +/- standard errors of 0.69 +/- 0.50 micrograms/g and 0.24 +/- 0.16 micrograms/ml, respectively; P = 0.04). This method is quick (it requires only 1 h for completion) and sensitive (the limits of detectability for itraconazole in plasma and esophageal tissue are 0.005 micrograms/ml and 0.01 micrograms/g, respectively), and it can be reliably used in clinical and research settings (accuracy, > 95%; absolute recovery from biological samples, 80 to 90%; coefficient of variation, 3.3 to 6.6%).
Specific genomic targeting of the RNF12/RLIM E3 ubiquitin ligase selectively programmes developmental transcription (2023)

Summary The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF12/RLIM controls developmental gene expression and is mutated in the X-linked intellectual disability disorder Tonne-Kalscheuer syndrome (TOKAS). However, the mechanisms by which RNF12 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity controls specific gene expression signatures are not known. Here, we show that chromatin forms a regulatory platform for RNF12 substrate ubiquitylation and transcriptional patterning. RNF12 is recruited to specific genomic regions via a distinct consensus sequence motif, which enables targeting to key transcription factor substrate REX1. Mechanistically, RNF12 chromatin recruitment is largely REX1 independent, but is achieved via the conserved basic region (BR) adjacent to the RING domain. This region is critical for REX1 ubiquitylation on chromatin and downstream RNF12-dependent gene regulation. Furthermore, we find that RNF12 N-terminal sequences suppress chromatin recruitment and substrate ubiquitylation, uncovering a previously unappreciated autoinhibitory mechanism that governs genome targeting. Taken together, our results provide insight into mechanisms by which selective substrate targeting of an E3 ubiquitin ligase enables specific programming of gene expression.
Decision fusion methods for automatic modulation classification with multiple sensors in multipath fading channels (2013)

Cognitive radio networks (CRN) and wireless sensor networks (WSN) inherently deploy multiple sensors, thus providing an excellent basis for distributed signal sensing and modulation classification. Deploying cooperative multiple sensors offers considerable improvement of automatic modulation classification (AMC) performances, compared to single sensor deployment, especially in the presence of multipath fading. In this paper, different decision fusion methods for AMC with multiple sensors in multipath fading environment were presented and analyzed. Soft decision fusion and joint decision fusion were defined for AMC algorithm using fourth-order cumulants, and comparison with appropriate hard decision fusion methods for same AMC algorithm is performed. Classification performances of derived AMC schemes with fusion of decision, in terms of average probability of correct classification, are investigated and evaluated through Monte-Carlo simulations.
Revisiting F 2 laser for DUV microlithography (1999)

A molecular fluorine laser, specifically tailored for photolithography needs, was developed. Single line operation at 157.6nm was achieved by means of a prism assembly. Laser operation at repetition rates up to 1 kHz without signs of power saturation results in an average power of 15W. The energy stability was equal to comparable ArF laser. Proper choice of materials and corona pre-ionization enabled gas lifetimes in line with current ArF laser technology, without any need for cryogenic purification.
The Bmx Tyrosine Kinase Induces Activation of the Stat Signaling Pathway, Which Is Specifically Inhibited by Protein Kinase Cδ (1997)

Members of the hematopoietically expressed Tec tyrosine kinase family have an important role in hematopoietic signal transduction, as exemplified by the crucial role of Btk for B-cell differentiation and activation. Although a variety of cell surface receptors have been found to activate Tec tyrosine kinases, the specific signaling pathways and substrate molecules used by Tec kinases are still largely unknown. In this study a Tec family kinase, Bmx, was found to induce activation of the Stat signaling pathway. Bmx induced the tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA binding activity of all the Stat factors tested, including Stat1, Stat3, and Stat5, both in mammalian and insect cells. Bmx also induced transcriptional activation of Stat1- and Stat5-dependent reporter genes. Other cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, Syk, Fyn, and c-Src, showed no or only weak ability to activate Stat proteins. Expression of Bmx in mammalian cells was found to induce activation of endogenous Stat proteins without activation of endogenous Jak kinases. We further analyzed the Bmx-mediated activation of Stat1, which was found to be regulated by protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta) isoform, but not beta 1, epsilon, or zeta isoforms, leading to inhibition of Stat1 tyrosine phosphorylation. In conclusion, these studies show that Bmx, a Tec family kinase, can function as an activator of the Stat signaling pathway and identify a role for PKCdelta in the regulation of Bmx signaling.
Identifying Topic-based Opinion Leaders in Social Networks by Content and User Information (2020)

Social media is like a revolution since it has changed many things in people's lifestyles by bringing new trends in communication, shopping, workingetc. Inspired by the importance of social media, we propose Opinion Leader Detection (OLED) system in this paper. OLED has two main parts. In the first part, the tweets were labeled with their categories by semantic kernels for topic-based analysis. We run these semantic kernels and their variants with SVM in our experiment environment. After LDA and these semantic classifiers, obtain category information for each tweet in the dataset. OLED's second part attempts to detect whether the users are opinion leaders in their category. Then, the leadership scores are calculated with the formula generated and opinion leaders are determined in each category. The purpose of OLED is to find the opinion leaders for each category. In other words, OLED aims to detect opinion leaders for different topics such as Economy, Culture-Art, Politics, Sports and Technology. We performed our experiments on a real data collection gathered from Twitter that includes 17,234,924 tweets and 38,727 users. The language of the dataset is Turkish. Users with highest scores are stated as opinion leaders. In order to evaluate OLED's performance, we also run PageRank algorithm on the same dataset. We also compare our study to one of the existing studies in the literature. The experimental results show that our framework OLED generates remarkable performance in compare to PageRank algorithm nearly in all topics and all selected top number of opinion leaders.
Cluster-based service discovery for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (2008)

We propose an energy-efficient service discovery protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks that interact with the users in open and dynamic environments. Our solution exploits a cluster overlay, where the clusterhead nodes form a distributed service registry. A service lookup results in visiting only the clusterhead nodes. We aim for minimising the communication costs during discovery of services and maintenance of a functional distributed service registry. To achieve these objectives we propose a clustering algorithm which makes decisions based on 1-hop neighbourhood information, avoids chain reactions and constructs a set of sparsely distributed clusterheads. We analyse how the properties of the clustering structure influence the performance of the service discovery protocol, by comparing theoretically and through simulations our proposed clustering algorithm with distributed mobility-adaptive clustering (DMAC). To validate our simulations we implement the proposed solution on resource-constraint sensor nodes and we measure the performance of the protocol running on different testbeds.
Analysis of lineage-specific protein family variability in prokaryotes combined with evolutionary reconstructions (2022)

Variability, a measure of sequence diversity within an alignment relative to the overall diversity within a group of organisms, offers a convenient proxy for evolutionary rate estimates and is informative with respect to prediction of functional properties of proteins. In particular, variability is a strong predictor of gene essentiality for the respective organisms and indicative of sub- or neofunctionalization of paralogs.
Fab fragments of ovine antibody to colchicine enhance its clearance in the rat (2015)

These data suggest clinical utility for Fab anti-colchicine in the treatment of colchicine overdose.
Site-resolved oxygenK-edge ELNES of the layered double perovskiteLa2CuSnO6 (2009)

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) combined with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allows for the investigation of the local electronic structure with atomic column resolution, owing to the development of spherical aberration correctors. In the present research, we report $B$-site-resolved oxygen $K$-edge energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) measured from a double perovskite ${\text{La}}_{2}{\text{CuSnO}}_{6}$ (LCSO) using STEM-EELS. There are two kinds of $B{\text{O}}_{6}$ ($B=\text{Sn}$ and Cu) octahedrons, arranged in layers in the LCSO crystal. The observed site-resolved oxygen $K$-edge ELNES showed different features reflecting local chemical bonding around the Sn and Cu ions. In particular, it is demonstrated that the local electronic structure in the distorted ${\text{CuO}}_{6}$ octahedron caused by the Jahn-Teller effect can be detected by site-resolved ELNES.
Gold(i) thiolates containing amino acid moieties. Cytotoxicity and structure–activity relationship studies (2014)

Several gold(I) complexes containing a thiolate ligand functionalised with several amino acid or peptide moieties of the type [Au(SPyCOR)(PPh2R')] (where R = OH, amino acid or dipeptide and R' = Ph or Py) were prepared. These thiolate gold complexes bearing biological molecules possess potential use as antitumor agents. Cytotoxicity assays in different tumour cell lines such as A549 (lung carcinoma), Jurkat (T-cell leukaemia) and MiaPaca2 (pancreatic carcinoma) revealed that the complexes exhibit good antiproliferative activity, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Several structural modifications such as in the type of phosphine, number of metal atoms and amino acid (type, stereochemistry and functionalisation) were carried out in order to establish the structure-activity relationship in this family of complexes, which has led to the design of new and more potent cytotoxic complexes. Observations of different cellular events after addition of the complexes indicated the possible mechanism of action or the biological targets of this type of new gold(I) drug.