gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subunits of the Heterotrimeric Transcription Factor NF-Y Are Imported into the Nucleus by Distinct Pathways Involving Importin β and Importin 13 (2005)

The transcriptional activator NF-Y is a heterotrimeric complex composed of NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC, which specifically binds the CCAAT consensus present in about 30% of eukaryotic promoters. All three subunits contain evolutionarily conserved core regions, which comprise a histone fold motif (HFM) in the case of NF-YB and NF-YC. Our results of in vitro binding studies and nuclear import assays reveal two different transport mechanisms for NF-Y subunits. While NF-YA is imported by an importin beta-mediated pathway, the NF-YB/NF-YC heterodimer is translocated into the nucleus in an importin 13-dependent manner. We define a nonclassical nuclear localization signal (ncNLS) in NF-YA, and mutational analysis indicates that positively charged amino acid residues in the ncNLS are required for nuclear targeting of NF-YA. Importin beta binding is restricted to the monomeric, uncomplexed NF-YA subunit. In contrast, the nuclear import of NF-YB and NF-YC requires dimer formation. Only the NF-YB/NF-YC dimer, but not the monomeric components, are recognized by importin 13 and are imported into the nucleus. Importin 13 competes with NF-YA for binding to the NF-YB/NF-YC dimer. Our data suggest that a distinct binding platform derived from the HFM of both subunits, NF-YB/NF-YC, mediates those interactions.
SUCCESSFUL LANDFILL LEACHATE WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING THE SEQUENCE OF OZONATION, ADSORPTION ON CHARCOAL AND PHOTO-OZONOLYSIS (2018)

Landfill leachate derived from the landfilling practice of the municipal wastes is a problem affecting all countries and continents. Even after the shutdown of a landfill site, the leachate production continues for decades. In this work a solution for the landfill leachate treatment has been proposed based on three fundamental steps: the pre-ozonolysis of the leachate, the passage of the ozonized leachate through a fixed bed of activated carbon and the final step consisting in a photo-ozonolysis stage involving the simultaneous action of ozone and UV light. A distinction between the chemical structure and chemical behaviour of young and mature leachate was evidenced by thermal analysis of the soluble organic matter (SOM) obtained from these substrates. Furthermore, a distinction between young and mature leachate was also evidenced in terms of their different reactivity toward ozone as illustrated by the COD abatement and by FTIR spectroscopy on pristine and ozonized SOM. A modular pilot plant for the treatment of different landfill leachates was presented and proposed.
Traceless Solid-Phase Synthesis of 2,4-Diaminoquinazolines (2001)

[reaction: see text] The solid-phase synthesis of 2,4-diaminoquinazolines is presented. The chemistry involves the sequential condensation of 2-aminobenzonitriles and amines starting from an acyl isothiocyanate resin via a traceless cleavage and cyclization. The alpha-1 antagonist prazosin was synthesized, as well as several other examples, in good yields and purity.
Ketanserin potentiates the prejunctional inhibitory effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on rat vas deferens (1986)

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) slightly inhibited the twitch contractions of rat vas deferens caused by single pulse field stimulation at 0.1 Hz. The inhibitory effect of 5-HT was much less in the epididymal portion than in the prostatic portion of the vas deferens. Ketanserin potentiated the prejunctional inhibitory effect of 5-HT and attenuated its stimulatory effect. This potentiation was observable only in the epididymal portion, of the vas deferens. Cyproheptadine and mianserin, but not methysergide, had essentially similar potentiating effects to those of ketanserin. These results suggest that the 5-HT receptor that mediates prejunctional inhibition is not of the 5-HT2 type, and that ketanserin acts by suppressing the 5-HT-induced stimulatory effect, which is possibly mediated by a postjunctional 5-HT2 receptor, thus unmasking the inhibitory effect of 5-HT.
German agency suspects that insulin analogue glargine increases risk of cancer (2009)

The German agency responsible for deciding which drugs should be used in the German health system has said that it suspects that use of the long acting insulin analogue glargine (marketed as Lantus) increases the risk of cancer.

The Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care, the German equivalent of the United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, has recommended that patients use human insulin instead of the recombinant analogue insulin glargine, if medically possible, until the suspicion is removed. The institute’s recommendations are based largely on its study published in the journal Diabetologia (doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1418-4).

In response, drug agencies in Europe and the United States have asked for more scientific evidence, but meanwhile they advise patients to continue their treatment with glargine unless advised differently by their doctor. 

Stuart Pocock, professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, questioned …
Laser created silicon vias for stacking dies in MCMs (2002)

The stacking of silicon devices is gaining some interest as it will allow even greater densities over current multichip module (MCM) approaches. One type of approach being tried in the industry is interconnecting stacked dies by routing their metal lines to the edge of the die and then strapping the appropriate lines from each die together. An approach being pursued by the Center for Microelectronics Research (CMR) at the University of South Florida is the creation of silicon interconnect vias for communication through the active chip or wafer. Vias of 1 to 2 mil diameters have been successfully created by laser ablation of silicon. Studies are currently in progress to determine the effect such via creation has on nearby active devices. A test vehicle containing transistors and capacitors of various geometries is being employed for the purpose of measuring any detriment that the laser drilling has when vias are created. Data are presented on whether any changes have been measured in various parameters, such as subthreshold voltages and current leakage. Scanning electron micrographs are shown, and progress to date on the methodology employed for metallizing the side walls of the vias is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Valences of Desire: The Suspended Eroticism of Middlemarch“ (2013)

This paper seeks to unpack moments of implicit sexual desire in George Eliot's realist novel, Middlemarch“ (1872), and focuses particularly on the sexually charged scene between Dorothea and Ladislaw in the library at Lowick. While previous readings of this moment have focused on economy or knowledge and their problematised relationships with desire, I argue that a truer understanding of how desire works here emerges from viewing these scenes in the light of Georg W.F. Hegel and Georges Bataille. Hegel, whose work Eliot would have known, lets us see the emergence of a recognised self-consciousness propelled by desire; but Eliot's novel also looks forward to Bataille's understanding of desire, particularly in his theorisations of general and restricted economies. If we are to grasp the realism of Eliot's text, we must come to terms with how desire structures this reality; if we are to grasp how the novel deals with the economies of its historical moment, we would profit from seeing it in the terms of Bataille's general and restricted economies. The dynamic nature of desire in Eliot's text requires this multivalent philosophical lens: one which historically influences her work and one which she greatly anticipates.
Elevations of Serum T3 Levels and Their Association With Symptoms in World War II Veterans With Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (1999)

This study supports the observation that the thyroid system is altered in chronic combat-related PTSD. The observed alterations of thyroid function along with PTSD symptoms appear to be chronic, detectable 50 years after the war.
An approach to viscoelastic behaviour analysis of wood-based panels by an inverse method of characterisation (2005)

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to propose an alternative method for viscoelastic characterisation of wood-based panels. Our approach, based on inverse identification methods, allows simultaneous estimation of the whole bending/torsion stiffness matrix of orthotropic plates. Elastic or viscoelastic characterisations are carried out according to the same protocol. The first step consists of optimisation of the experimental set-up, i.e., determination of the best localisation and intensity of the applied stresses and of the best position for boundary conditions. This step is realised for each type of panel using generic algorithms to obtain sensitivities satisfying the test for each stiffness matrix component. An identification procedure is then performed using a finite element program. The measurement of the whole displacement field (500×500 mm 2 ) is made using an optical system. Validation of the elastic identification is carried out by comparison with the mechanical properties obtained from a vibrating test and a simulation tool. Non-conventional analysis of the viscoelastic behaviour of wood-based panels is illustrated for two particular plywood panels.
Reversal by Dithiothreitol Treatment of the Block in Murine Leukemia Virus Maturation Induced by Disulfide Cross-Linking (2002)

We previously reported that if murine leukemia virus particles are produced in the presence of the mild oxidizing agent disulfide-substituted benzamide-2, they fail to undergo the normal process of virus maturation. We now show that treatment of these immature particles with a reducing agent (dithiothreitol) induces their maturation in vitro, as evidenced by proteolytic cleavage of Gag, Gag-Pol, and Env proteins and by their morphology. The identification of partial cleavage products in these particles suggests the sequence with which the cleavages occur under these conditions. This may be a useful experimental system for further analysis of retroviral maturation under controlled conditions in vitro.
Surface Characterization of Three Marine Bacterial Strains by Fourier Transform IR, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry, Correlation with Adhesion on Stainless Steel Surfaces (2005)

Adhesion of bacterial strains on solid substrates is likely related to the properties of the outer shell of the micro-organisms. Aiming at a better understanding and control of the biofilm formation in seawater, the surface chemical composition of three marine bacterial strains was investigated by combining Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The D41 strain surface showed evidence of proteins, as deduced from the NH2 and NCO XPS and ToF-SIMS fingerprints; this strain was found to adhere to stainless steel, glass, or Teflon surfaces in a much higher quantity (2 orders of magnitude) than the two other ones, DA and D01. The latter are either enriched in COOH or sulfates, and this makes them more hydrophilic and less adherent to all substrates. Correlations with physicochemical properties and adhesion seem to demonstrate the role of the external layer composition, in particular the role of proteins more than that of hydrophobicity, on their adhesion abilities.
Compound Password System for Mobile (2018)

Authentication on mobile devices deviates from the traditional text-based password system. The choice to use alternative password systems comes at a cost and in this paper we explore the current issues with said systems and propose a new method for authentication on mobile devices. In this paper we explore the current landscape of mobile authentication. The mobile authentication systems, Personal Identification Number and Pattern passwords both have issues which makes them weak to attacks. Our goal is to create a scheme that can strengthen the security of mobile passwords by combining both methods of authentication. When a new security system is implemented there is two factors that determine the system's success, the complexity of the system and the usability or feasibility of the system. This paper looks to define the complexity of our scheme in terms of security.
Improvising a future in the performing arts: The benefits of reframing performing arts entrepreneurship education in familiar terms (2015)

Improvisation is a central concept in any drama, theatre or performance studies degree. It is a critical skill, which helps performers learn to ‘make it up as they go along’, apply existing skills to new situations and environments, and, of course, adapt find the most effective or creative pathway towards a their aims. As such, the fact that improvisation is rarely listed as a core career competency — even for performing arts graduates, who can struggle to engage with entrepreneurial skill sets they will need to learn to manage their unpredictable portfolio careers when they are couched in business terms — is somewhat strange. This paper examines the benefits of reframing the administrative, management and entrepreneurial skills arts graduates need to navigate a complex, uncertain, constantly changing industrial landscape in terms of improvisation, play, and playful self - performance. It suggests that adding improvisation to our career training arsenal may be worthwhile, not just because it may assist graduates in navigating their way through a portfolio career, but because it may offer a more familiar, user- friendly terminology to assist graduates in understanding the need to develop administrative, management and entrepreneurial as well as artistic skills, and, in a sense, understand the similarities between the two sets of skills.
Mechanochemical Treatment of Amorphous Silica Powder for Glasses Without Firing (2013)

An amorphous silica powder was subjected to mechanical and hydrothermal treatment. Silanol surface groups, which play an active role in the chemical modification of silica, were produced by these two treatments. The surface activity of raw and treated powders was measured as the amount of dissolved Si 4+ ion in ammonia ( NH 3 ) and potassium hydroxide ( KOH ) solutions at different concentrations. KOH solution was more effective than NH 3 solution in activating the surface of the silica powder. Nonfiring glass was successfully fabricated using mechanochemically treated silica powder. Glass properties such as morphology and transparency were analyzed using scanning electron microscope and UV –vis– NIR techniques. Possible reaction mechanisms of powder surface activation occurring during hydrothermal and condensation processes are also discussed.
Mapping the Cell-Surface N-Glycoproteome of Human Hepatocytes Reveals Markers for Selecting a Homogeneous Population of iPSC-Derived Hepatocytes (2016)

When comparing hepatic phenotypes between iPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells from different liver disease patients, cell heterogeneity can confound interpretation. We proposed that homogeneous cell populations could be generated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Using cell-surface capture proteomics, we identified a total of 300 glycoproteins on hepatocytes. Analyses of the expression profiles during the differentiation of iPSCs revealed that SLC10A1, CLRN3, and AADAC were highly enriched during the final stages of hepatocyte differentiation. FACS purification of hepatocyte-like cells expressing SLC10A1, CLRN3, or AADAC demonstrated enrichment of cells with hepatocyte characteristics. Moreover, transcriptome analyses revealed that cells expressing the liver gene regulatory network were enriched while cells expressing a pluripotent stem cell network were depleted. In conclusion, we report an extensive catalog of cell-surface N-linked glycoproteins expressed in primary hepatocytes and identify cell-surface proteins that facilitate the purification of homogeneous populations of iPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Pyrrolidines and Piperidines from Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cascade Arylative Cyclization. (2015)

Abstract Starting from nitrogen‐tethered alkynoates and various aryl boronic acids chiral pyrrolidines and piperidines are prepared in moderate to high yields and with high enantioselectivity.
An efficacy study of 3 commercially available hydroquinone 4% treatments for melasma. (2007)

Melasma is a common disorder of hyperpigmentation typically characterized by relatively symmetric brown or gray-brown patches on sun-exposed facial areas. Treating melasma is challenging because of the prolonged time to response and the substantial relapse rate when therapy is discontinued. The objective of this 12-week study was to compare the clinical efficacy and tolerability of 3 hydroquinone 4%-containing creams in the treatment of melasma. The 3 creams were cream A (microencapsulated hydroquinone 4% and retinol 0.15% with antioxidants); cream B (hydroquinone 4% and retinol 0.3% with antioxidants); and cream C (fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%, hydroquinone 4%, and tretinoin 0.05%). This 2-arm, split-face, right-left bilateral, evaluator-blinded study compared cream A and cream B in treatment arm 1, and cream A and cream C in treatment arm 2. Evaluator-blinded study assessments were conducted at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12. Results from treatment arm 1 demonstrated that at weeks 8 and 12, treatment with cream A showed statistically significant improvements over cream B in the efficacy assessments of overall disease severity (week 8, P=.005; week 12, P=.028), lesion area (week 8, P=.005; week 12, P=.003), pigmentation intensity (week 8, P=.012; week 12, P=.012), and Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) score (week 8, P= .002; week 12, P= .012). Results from treatment arm 2 demonstrated that at weeks 4 and 8, treatment with cream A was similar to cream C in the efficacy assessments of overall disease severity, lesion area, pigmentation intensity, MASI score, and global evaluation of response to treatment. At week 12, cream A continued to demonstrate sustained improvements in each of the above efficacy assessments; however, cream C showed a decrease in improvement of these efficacy assessments because subjects were switched to placebo for the last 4 weeks of treatment. All 3 treatments were well-tolerated. These data confirm previous findings that the unique delivery system of microencapsulated hydroquinone 4% and retinol 0.15% with antioxidants is safe and effective for use in treating melasma, and the data show that this novel nonsteroidal product should be considered when weighing long-term treatment options.
Reaction kinetics in liquid ammonia up to 120°C: techniques and some solvolysis and substitution reactions (2013)

Liquid ammonia is known to be a useful solvent for aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions of reactive aromatics. Most of the prior work has been carried out at atmospheric pressure and low temperatures. The purpose of this work is to extend the scope of these studies to less reactive haloaromatic substrates that require elevated temperatures to give useful reaction rates. Equipment has been developed to permit the safe study of reactions in liquid ammonia in small (5 mL) stainless steel tube reactors at temperatures up to 120°C (90 bar). Experimental techniques have been developed to permit meaningful sampling of solutions at high temperature and pressure. Sample capture into closed systems, either into a syringe containing quench solution, or directly into an HPLC sample loop, has been used to overcome problems due to flash precipitation and aerosol formation when sampling from high pressure. Activation parameters for the solvolysis of 4‐fluoronitrobenzene have been determined over the temperature range 20° – 120°C, and the rates of solvolysis of 2‐chloropyrimidine, 4,6‐dichloropyrimidine and 2‐chloro‐5‐trifluoromethylpyridine have been determined at appropriate temperatures. 2‐Fluoropyridine is inert to solvolysis even at 120°C. Rates of some nucleophilic substitutions with sodium triazolate and sodium phenoxide have been measured. Useful selectivities towards nucleophilic substitution can be obtained for the reactions examined, and further work is planned to examine the wider scope of these reactions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A facile method to in situ formation of hydroxyapatite single crystal architecture for enhanced osteoblast adhesion (2012)

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) single crystals with hexagonal rod-like shapes have attracted much attention in orthopaedic and tissue engineering fields, as they have a similar shape to HAp mineral components in human natural bone. The significance of HAp crystals lies in the high surface reactivity of their exposed facets with water and some biological molecules. However, few studies have been reported on the fabrication of an integrated architecture with these single crystals, with an attempt to utilise the benefits of the reactive facets to improve the functionality of the biointerface. In this study, an integrated three dimensional (3D) architecture is formed by nano/submicron HAp single crystals (with an elongated hexagonal bipyramid shape) on HAp–tricalcium phosphate (TCP) biphasic ceramics using a simple one-step method. The described method, based on a crystallographic controlled dissolution–recrystallization mechanism, allows HAp single crystals to coalesce, forming an interconnected structure. The single crystal structure can be varied by adjusting the proportion of HAp (mother phase) and α- or β-TCP (nutrient phase). The resultant architectures are proven to significantly enhance hydrophilicity and promote primary human osteoblast (HOB) adhesion.