gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Waxy Material of the Giant Whitefly, Aleurodicus Dugesii, Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Capillary Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (CGC-MS) (1997)

Abstract The giant whitefly is a pest, particularly of Hibiscus and sometimes avocados, in southern California. The insect is unique in that the nymphal stages produce copious quantities of waxy material differing in structure and chemical composition. Adults produce a waxy material (waxy particles) which covers them and surrounding surfaces, and the female also produces a waxy material with which she forms a circular trail of wax strands on the abaxial leaf surface. Waxy particles produced by male and female adults consisted of long-chain aldehydes and alcohols, largely 32 carbons in chain length. As waxy ribbons extruded from anterior abdominal wax plates, they are periodically broken off by the tibia and the resulting particles coat adults, nymphs and surrounding surfaces. The female has a second set of wax plates posteriorly on her abdomen which produce waxy strands. As her abdomen drags along the abaxial leaf surface during oviposition these strands break off forming a waxy trail camouflaging the eggs. The nymphs produce several types of waxy material. Two types are produced at the same time from 10 pores on the dorsal surface; waxy material is extruded as a filament on which a second waxy material curls off as extrusion occurs.
A polarization diversity multi-beam antenna for ZigBee applications (2009)

The paper presents a cognitive antenna (dubbed GEN 2) based on the self-structuring antenna (SSA) technology, which dynamically alters its aperture to maximize signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) in challenging RF environments. The GEN 2 antenna provides polarization-diversity as well as two distinct beams per polarization (total of four beams). It has a simple SSA configuration utilizing self-structuring feed and is effective in improving SNR for ZigBee applications. The GEN 2 antenna is also compatible with MIMO implementation.
Mutual coupling effects in microstrip patch phased array antenna (2002)

Low orbit global satellite communication systems require low cost user terminals. A low cost microstrip patch phased array antenna is the most possible choice. For a wide frequency band and wide scan angle microstrip patch phased array antenna, the use of a thick patch substrate results in an increased excitation of surface waves. The mutual coupling effects caused by these surface waves have to be taken into account in the design. This is especially true for the design of microstrip patch arrays for future satellite communication systems, which will consist of several hundreds of microstrip patch elements. This article introduces a simple calculation procedure of the active reactive coefficients and radiation patterns of a finite size element microstrip patch phased array. The active impedance is calculated by matrix summation of isolated element impedance and mutual coupling between any two elements. Once the active element impedance is calculated, the radiation pattern can be calculated using the excitation voltage of each element. Some calculated results are shown.
Data from Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and PTEN Modulate Tissue Factor Expression in Glioblastoma through JunD/Activator Protein-1 Transcriptional Activity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Hypoxia and necrosis are fundamental features of glioblastoma (GBM) and their emergence is critical for the rapid biological progression of this fatal tumor; yet, underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We have suggested that vaso-occlusion following intravascular thrombosis could initiate or propagate hypoxia and necrosis in GBM. Tissue factor (TF), the main cellular initiator of coagulation, is overexpressed in GBMs and likely favors a thrombotic microenvironment. &lt;i&gt;Epidermal growth factor receptor&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt;) amplification and &lt;i&gt;PTEN&lt;/i&gt; loss are two common genetic alterations seen in GBM but not in lower-grade astrocytomas that could be responsible for TF up-regulation. The most frequent &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; mutation in GBM involves deletion of exons 2 to 7, resulting in the expression of a constitutively active receptor, EGFRvIII. Here, we show that overexpression of EGFR or EGFRvIII in human glioma cells causes increased basal TF expression and that stimulation of EGFR by its ligand, EGF, leads to a marked dose-dependent up-regulation of TF. In all cases, increased TF expression led to accelerated plasma coagulation &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. EGFR-mediated TF expression depended most strongly on activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptional activity and was associated with c-Jun NH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-terminal kinase (JNK) and JunD activation. Restoration of PTEN expression in &lt;i&gt;PTEN&lt;/i&gt;-deficient GBM cells diminished EGFR-induced TF expression by inhibiting JunD/AP-1 transcriptional activity. PTEN mediated this effect by antagonizing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, which in turn attenuated both Akt and JNK activities. These mechanisms are likely at work &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, as EGFR expression was highly correlated with TF expression in human high-grade astrocytoma specimens. [Cancer Res 2009;69(6):2540–9]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Televised medical talk shows--what they recommend and the evidence to support their recommendations: a prospective observational study (2014)

Recommendations made on medical talk shows often lack adequate information on specific benefits or the magnitude of the effects of these benefits. Approximately half of the recommendations have either no evidence or are contradicted by the best available evidence. Potential conflicts of interest are rarely addressed. The public should be skeptical about recommendations made on medical talk shows. Additional details of methods used and changes made to study protocol.
Pattern of bleeding in a large prospective cohort of haemophilia A patients: A three‐year follow‐up of the AHEAD (Advate in HaEmophilia A outcome Database) study (2017)

These data confirm that the goal of zero bleeds is achievable, although not yet achieved in all patients. Understanding reasons behind the lower response to standard prophylaxis regimens in some patients and personalizing prophylactic treatment may further improve outcome in patients with haemophilia A.
The Effects of a Remedial Singing Method on the Vocal Pitch Accuracy of Inaccurate Elementary Singers. (2005)

Modulation of microglial pro/anti-inflammatory states and autophagy are promising new therapies for ischemic stroke, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. The objective of the study is to determine the intrinsic role of PrP<sup>C</sup> (cellular prion protein) in the regulation of microglial inflammatory states and autophagy in ischemic stroke. PrP<sup>C</sup> was expressed in murine microglia, and an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model was established in microglia of different PRNP genotypes. During reperfusion following OGD, wild-type (WT) microglia had significantly increased pro/anti-inflammatory microglial percentages and related cytokine [interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon-gamma] release at reperfusion after 48 or 72 h. WT microglia also showed greater accumulation of the autophagy markers LC3B-II/I (microtubule-associated protein B-light chain 3), but not of p62 or LAMP1 (lysosome-associated membrane protein) at reperfusion after 24 h and 48 h. Inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine or bafilomycin A1 aggravated the OGD/R-induced pro-inflammatory state, and the effect of 3-methyladenine was significantly stronger than that of bafilomycin A1. Concomitantly, PRNP knockout shortened the accumulation of LC3B-II/I, suppressed microglial anti-inflammatory states, and further aggravated the pro-inflammatory states. Conversely, PRNP overexpression had the opposite effects. Bafilomycin A1 reversed the effect of PrP<sup>C</sup> on microglial inflammatory state transformation. Moreover, microglia with PRNP overexpression exhibited higher levels of LAMP1 expression in the control and OGD/R groups and delayed the OGD/R-induced decrease of LAMP1 to reperfusion after 48 h. PrP<sup>C</sup> attenuates OGD/R-induced damage by skewing microglia toward an anti-inflammatory state via enhanced and prolonged activation of autophagy.
Inkjet-printed “4D” tunable spatial filters using on-demand foldable surfaces (2017)

A state-of-the-art fully Inkjet-printed tunable frequency selective surface on cellulose paper is presented, which uses a Miura origami structure for an on-demand linear variation in inter-element distance and the effective length of the resonant dipole elements, resulting in an observable shift in the operational frequency of the structure. The dipole elements are placed on the foldlines along with special “bridge-like” structures to realize first-of-its-kind truly flexible conductive traces over sharp bends. Simulation and measurement results show that the Miura-FSS can be tuned to a wide range of frequencies and features a large angle of incidence rejection.
Evaluation of Bit Performance Using An Advanced Drilling-Test-System (1998)

Abstract Japan National Oil corporation (JNOC) has been in possession of an advanced Drilling-Test-System (DTS). This DTS can be used for full-scale indoor experiments and a series of tests on the rocks of Mudstone, Volcanic tuffs and Sandstone have been conducted by using it. The bit types used for those tests included PDC bit, Insert-tricone bit and Surface set Diamond bit. Bit performance is evaluated based on the values of the Rate of Penetration (ROP) and the impact on ROP of individual drilling variables. As a result, it is found that in comparison, the employed PDC bit appeared to be the most suitable bit for drilling on the rocks used for the tests. Meanwhile, tests using Water as drilling fluid were conducted and the results indicated that ROP and drillability could be significantly enhanced by improving the cleanness of bit and in-situ of bit. An embryonic model for PDC bit has been developed and verified to a certain extent. Further tests and analyses are still ongoing and it is expectable that, the results from the DTS test will significantly benefit to practical drilling optimization including bit selection, optimizing drilling and hydraulic parameters and diagnosing drilling problems.
The chromatin-remodeling protein ATRX is critical for neuronal survival during corticogenesis (2005)

Mutations in genes encoding chromatin-remodeling proteins, such as the ATRX gene, underlie a number of genetic disorders including several X-linked mental retardation syndromes; however, the role of these proteins in normal CNS development is unknown. Here, we used a conditional gene-targeting approach to inactivate Atrx, specifically in the forebrain of mice. Loss of ATRX protein caused widespread hypocellularity in the neocortex and hippocampus and a pronounced reduction in forebrain size. Neuronal "birthdating" confirmed that fewer neurons reached the superficial cortical layers, despite normal progenitor cell proliferation. The loss of cortical mass resulted from a 12-fold increase in neuronal apoptosis during early stages of corticogenesis in the mutant animals. Moreover, cortical progenitors isolated from Atrx-null mice undergo enhanced apoptosis upon differentiation. Taken together, our results indicate that ATRX is a critical mediator of cell survival during early neuronal differentiation. Thus, increased neuronal loss may contribute to the severe mental retardation observed in human patients.
Effect of implant design and bioactive glass coating on biomechanical properties of fiber‐reinforced composite implants (2014)

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of implant design and bioactive glass (BAG) coating on the response of bone to fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) implants. Three different FRC implant types were manufactured for the study: non-threaded implants with a BAG coating; threaded implants with a BAG coating; and threaded implants with a grit-blasted surface. Thirty-six implants (six implants for each group per time point) were installed in the tibiae of six pigs. After an implantation period of 4 and 12 wk, the implants were retrieved and prepared for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), push-out testing, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Micro-CT demonstrated that the screw-threads and implant structure remained undamaged during the installation. The threaded FRC/BAG implants had the highest bone volume after 12 wk of implantation. The push-out strengths of the threaded FRC/BAG implants after 4 and 12 wk (463°N and 676°N, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the threaded FRC implants (416°N and 549°N, respectively) and the nonthreaded FRC/BAG implants (219°N and 430°N, respectively). Statistically significant correlation was found between bone volume and push-out strength values. This study showed that osseointegrated FRC implants can withstand the static loading up to failure without fracture, and that the addition of BAG significantly improves the push-out strength of FRC implants.
LE MICROBIOTE INTESTINAL : UN COMPARTIMENT BIOLOGIQUE À EXPLORER CHEZ LES ANIMAUX D'ÉLEVAGE THE MICROBIOTA OF THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT: A BIOLOGICAL COMPARTMENT TO EXPLORE IN LIVESTOCK SPECIES (2014)

L’elaboration de systemes productifs et durables en elevage est une priorite. Dans ce contexte, il convient d’elargir le champ du phenotypage et d’identifier des leviers d’action. L’intestin heberge une communaute microbienne appelee microbiote intestinal. La muqueuse intestinale, a l’interface entre l’hote et son microbiote, assure des fonctions vitales dans l’absorption des nutriments, dans l’equilibre immunitaire a la fois local et systemique, et dans la dynamique adaptative au cours de la vie. L’avenement de methodes de sequencage a haut debit permet aujourd’hui de caracteriser le microbiote intestinal avec une precision encore jamais atteinte, fournissant des donnees sur la portion bacterienne non cultivable. Chez les animaux d’elevage, le contexte scientifique et technologique est favorable pour mettre en place des projets qui croisent des informations individuelles liees au microbiote intestinal (diversite, ecologie fonctionnelle) et a l’hote (genetique, caracteres zootechniques et cliniques, statut immunitaire), afin d’aborder de maniere integree les nouveaux caracteres a mesurer et ameliorer.
Methods for field computations for the development of SSC superconducting magnets (1992)

The Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) Program will require a large number of superconducting dipole and quadrupole magnets with a variety of designs. Analysis methods are being developed to facilitate rapid and accurate calculation of fields and optimization of design. 2-D and 3-D field computations are fully developed for analysis of coils in the straight section and ends. These are being linked to structural codes and CAD (computer-aided design) software for design optimization and studies. Other codes have been developed for coil errors, and for persistent and eddy current effects. The attempt is underway to integrate all the codes into a design software package.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STATE SALES TAX ADMINISTRATION (1974)

One approach to measurement of effectiveness of sales tax administration is to compare total retail sales as ascertained from sales tax returns with those reported by the Department of Commerce. Comparison on an aggregative basis is impossible because of the wide difference between the concept of sales at retail for tax purposes and sales by retailers. Comparison was therefore made between the totals in categories of business where the two magnitudes should be relatively similar. Comparison sufficiently precise to ascertain differences in administrative effectiveness proved to be impossible, however, for a number of reasons. The results do suggest, however, that no mass evasion of sales tax is occurring. An alternative approach is to rank the states on the basis of proxy indicators of effectiveness. Seven categories, with a total of 33 items, were selected, the performance of each state on each item evaluated, and a weighted index developed. The spread is substantial. The results of audit, however, suggest that the actual amount of evasion of sales taxes on in-state sales is not substantial, as a percentage of total potential revenue. Revenue loss would appear to be no more than one per cent in the states doing the best job and perhaps no more than five per cent in the states doing the poorest job. But the absolute revenue loss is not negligible.
Complexity of glutamine metabolism in kidney tubules from fed and fasted rats (2004)

Glutamine is an important renal glucose precursor and energy provider. In order to advance our understanding of the underlying metabolic processes, we studied the metabolism of variously labelled [13C]glutamine and [14C]glutamine molecules and the effects of fasting in isolated rat renal proximal tubules. Absolute fluxes through the enzymes involved, including enzymes of four different cycles operating concomitantly, were assessed by combining mainly the 13C NMR data with an appropriate model of glutamine metabolism. In both nutritional states, unidirectional glutamine removal by glutaminase was partially masked by the concomitant operation of glutamine synthetase; fasting accelerated glutamine removal by increasing flux solely through glutaminase, without changing that through glutamine synthetase. Fasting stimulated net glutamate degradation only by decreasing flux through glutamate dehydrogenase in the reductive amination direction, but surprisingly did not significantly alter complete oxidation of the glutamine carbon skeleton. Finally, gluconeogenesis from glutamine involved not only substantial recycling through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, but also an important anaplerotic flux through pyruvate carboxylase that was accelerated dramatically by fasting. Thus renal glutamine metabolism follows an unexpectedly complex route that is precisely regulated during fasting.
The pastoral industry in the Northern Territory during the period of Commonwealth administration, 1911–53 (1954)

(1954). The pastoral industry in the Northern Territory during the period of Commonwealth administration, 1911–53. Historical Studies: Australia and New Zealand: Vol. 6, No. 22, pp. 150-172.
Metal Complexation in Xylem Fluid (1981)

Theoretical considerations of metal complex formation in aqueous solutions were used to develop a computer program (CHELATE) to calculate all equilibrium species (free metal ions, metal complexes, etc.) in any user-defined system, such as xylem fluid. Mass-balance equations were established to describe each free metal ion and each free ligand concentration as a function of solution pH, total metal or total ligand, hydrogen-association constants, and the stability constants of known metal complexes. A default data base can be altered by the user to define any desired system covered by the stored equilibrium data. The program can currently handle nine metal ions, 35 ligands, and 500 complex species. The validity of the program was confirmed by using experimental test systems in which free-metal ion activity measurements were made with ion-selective electrodes.Program CHELATE was used to calculate the distribution of six metals in 0- to 1-hour exudate from soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants grown in normal and Zn-phytotoxic nutrient solutions. The results indicated that Fe is bound by citric acid, and Cu is bound by several amino acids in the normal-Zn exudate. Most of the Cu in soybean exudate is bound to asparagine and histidine. In tomato, Cu is bound to histidine, glutamine, and asparagine. Zinc, Mn, Ca, and Mg are bound primarily by citric acid and malic acid in both species; the per cent bound for these metals is lower than that for Fe and Cu. Zinc phytotoxicity caused equilibrium concentration shifts and resulted in the formation of several additional metal complexes not found in the normal-Zn exudate.
Safety Evaluation of Tsubaki (Camellia japonica) Leaves Extract (2008)

ツバキ葉抽出物500および2000mg/kgをラットに単回または28日間反復経口投与し，安全性を検討した．単回投与試験において，いずれの群にも死亡例はなく，一般状態，体重および解剖検査で異常がないことが確認された．また，28日間反復経口投与試験においても，ツバキ葉抽出物投与群に死亡例はなく，一般状態，体重，摂餌量，尿検査，血液学的検査，血液生化学的検査，器官重量，解剖検査および病理組織学的検査で異常は認められなかった．以上のことから，本実験条件ではツバキ葉抽出物500mg/kgと2000mg/kgのいずれにおいても経口摂取による毒性は検出されなかった．さらに，ツバキ葉抽出物の遺伝子突然変異誘発性の有無を，Salmonella typhimurium TA100，TA98，TA1535およびTA1537ならびにEscherichia coli WP2uvrAを用いたプレインキュベーション法による変異原性試験により検討した．ツバキ葉抽出物処理群における復帰変異コロニー数は，いずれの菌株ともS9mix添加の有無にかかわらず，陰性対照の2倍未満であり，本実験条件ではツバキ葉抽出物から突然変異原性は検出されなかった．
Accounting for point source propagation properties in 3D fluorescence OPT (2006)

� Abstract- Reconstructing images from projections in fluorescence Optical Projection Tomography (OPT) is a relatively new problem requiring attention from researchers in this emerging field. There are several aspects of fluorescence OPT which require different treatment compared with non-fluorescence tomography. One significant problem, and the subject of this paper, is that fluorophores emit light isotropically and so the intensity of light captured at a microscope lens is inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the fluorophore from the focal point of the lens. Standard back-projection techniques do not account for this phenomenon and we show numerically that net effect is that fluorophores close to the centre of a body are assigned relatively low values in standard reconstructions. This is an inherent limitation of the standard back-projection method for quantitative fluorescence applications (e.g. in molecular imaging). In this paper we present a working, though computationally intensive, method to account for this, and discuss how more sophisticated (and less computationally intense) methods could be derived in the near future.
A Predictive Control Strategy For Adaptive energy storage in ZVS phase-shift-modulated full-bridge converter topologies (2010)

This paper presents a predictive control strategy for a family of zero-voltage switching phase-shift-modulated dc/dc converters initially reported for fuel cell application. The proposed control method guarantees zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation with minimal current overshoot in auxiliary branches for all the line and load transients. The suggested method is compared with switch voltage feedback control to validate the analysis. It is shown that the proposed approach offers close to three times faster response, and reduces current overshoot by 75%. The latter allows lower safety margins for switches and auxiliary branch components, which simplifies converter design, and reduces size, weight, and cost.
Metamaterials with Quantum Gain (2013)

Integrating amplifying media with metamaterials allows loss-free plasmonic operation and opens a route for controlling nanoscale quantum emitters.
rf-induced steps in intermediate length Josephson-tunnel junctions (1988)

We report on the behavior of the rf-induced steps in unidimensional Josephson-tunnel junctions having overlap geometry and length L≊λj. We have investigated the response of the junctions to the rf current in a range of frequency covering the geometrical resonance of the junctions. The experimental data are compared with the predictions of a model based on a multimode expansion of the junction phase.