gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OS0107 Quantitative Evaluation and Theoretical Analysis of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Characteristics of Contacting Surfaces (2008)

固体接触面に縦波バースト波を入射した場合の高調波発生特性を実験的,理論的に検討した.実験的検討としては,2個のアルミニウムブロックを対向接触させた場合のバースト波透過波に含まれる二次高調波の相対振幅(基本波成分に対する比)の接触圧力依存性を評価した.この際,レーザードップラー振動計の出力との比較により,受信に用いた圧電トランスデューサの出力感度を補正することにより,より正確な高調波振幅を評価した.この結果を,非線形界面モデルに基づく理論解析結果と比較して検討を加えた.
Enantiospecific Synthesis of the Bridged Pyrrolizidine Core of Asparagamine A: Dipolar Cycloadditions of Azomethine Ylides Derived from the Sulfonylation of Vinylogous Amides. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Experimental studies on combined production of CH4and safe long-term storage of CO2in the form of solid hydrate in sediment (2021)

The production of the confirmed enormous resources of CH<sub>4</sub> trapped in permafrost and deep ocean sediments in the form of hydrates has been hampered by the lack of an extraction procedure that is both effective and environmentally sensitive. This research explores experimentally the dynamic rate limiting steps in the dissociation of methane hydrates and the formation of CO<sub>2</sub> hydrates in a sediment matrix. The use of CO<sub>2</sub> injection and substitution for hydrate extraction takes advantage of novel thermodynamics and also provides a safe storage option for greenhouse gas. This experimental work incorporates a high-pressure facility dedicated for CH<sub>4</sub> hydrates exchange with CO<sub>2</sub> that replicates creation of natural gas hydrate from incoming gas below water in the pore space. The hydrate formation/exchange chamber follows the state-of-art hydrate science and is equipped with sensors distributed in several sections: the top section for gas release, a CH<sub>4</sub> hydrate section, and a subsequent injection of CO<sub>2</sub> from the bottom section, which also mimics hydrate dissociation towards incoming seawater through fracture systems connected from the seafloor. Four experimental conditions were examined. They comprise pure CO<sub>2</sub> injection, and 10, 20, and 30 mole% N<sub>2</sub> added to the CO<sub>2</sub>. We observed an increase in CH<sub>4</sub> release from pure CO<sub>2</sub> injection to 10 mole% N<sub>2</sub> addition. A significant extra release of CH<sub>4</sub> occurred by stepping up to 20 mole% N<sub>2</sub> addition but no significant change was observed from 20 to 30 mole% N<sub>2</sub> addition. Maximum conversion in this study is 34 mole% of CO<sub>2</sub>, and 2 mole% N<sub>2</sub> taking the place of methane hydrate in large and small cavities. The results also show that effective substitution for hydrate production cannot rely on pure carbon dioxide injection.
Highly selective oxidation of allylic alcohols catalysed by monodispersed 8-shell Pd nanoclusters in the presence of molecular oxygen (2002)

Treatment of Pd4phen2(CO)2(OAc)4 with metal nitrates such as Cu(NO3)2 produced monodispersed Pd nanoclusters with a mean diameter and standard deviation (d ± σ) of 38 ± 2.1 Å (σ/d = 6%). The Pd nanoclusters act as heterogeneous catalysts for the selective oxidation of primary aromatic allylic alcohols using molecular oxygen as an oxidant. This unique catalysis can be ascribed to multiple interactions between the alcohol and specific ensemble sites consisting of Pd0, Pd+, and Pd2+ on the cluster surface.
Cytochemical Characterization and Localization of Oligomannosidic Oligosaccharide Receptors on the Normal Human Spermatozoa Using Fluorescent Lectins: Comparison of Different Fixation Procedures (1985)

Similar locations of the Con A and wheat germ lectin receptors were obtained by using fluorescent lectins, in nonfixed spermatozoa and in spermatozoa fixed with formaldehyde and methanol, showing that in samples with the same previous treatment, worked out by the same operator, in which enough determinations have been performed to eliminate individual variations, the different procedures of fixation produced similar results. The locatizations obtained with fluorescent lectins confirm previous results, produced with the peroxidase technique, indicating that the lectins interact with oligomannosidic oligosaccharide receptors situated mainly in the equatorial segment of the acrosome and postnuclear cap. They also indicate the presence of similar receptors that were not detected previously on the neck and intermediate segment. The larger size of the lectin-peroxidase-diaminebenzidine reagent compared to that of the fluorescent lectins suggests that the new receptors are semicriptic and were not detected by steric effects in the first case, but were able to interact with lower volume, fluorescent probes. It is suggested that these oligomannosidic chains could be recognition signals for the elimination of incompetent sperm during their passage through the female reproductive track. Also these oligosaccharides and its possible metabolic variations could be involved in the interaction between the acrosome-reacted spermatozoa with the zone pellucida.
Laser plasma interaction on rugby hohlraum on the Omega Laser Facility: Comparisons between cylinder, rugby, and elliptical hohlraums (2016)

Gas-filled rugby-shaped hohlraums have demonstrated high performances compared to a classical similar diameter cylinder hohlraum with a nearly 40% increase of x-ray drive, 10% higher measured peak drive temperature, and an increase in neutron production. Experimental comparisons have been done between rugby, cylinder, and elliptical hohlraums. The impact of these geometry differences on the laser plasma instabilities is examined. Using comparisons with hydrodynamic simulations carried out with the code FCI2 and postprocessed by Piranah, we have been able to reproduce the stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering spectrum of the different beams. Using a methodology based on a statistical analysis for the gain calculations, we show that the behavior of the laser plasma instabilities in rugby hohlraums can be reproduced. The efficiency of laser smoothing techniques to mitigate these instabilities are discussed, and we show that while rugby hohlraums exhibit more laser plasma instabilities than cylinder hohlraum, the latter can be mitigated in the case of an elliptical hohlraum.
Towards precision particle background estimation for future X-ray missions: correlated variability between Chandra ACIS and AMS (2022)

A science goal of many future X-ray observatories is mapping the cosmic web through deep exposures of faint diffuse sources. Such observations require low background and the best possible knowledge of the remaining unrejected background. The dominant contribution to the background above 1-2 keV is from Galactic Cosmic Ray protons. Their flux and spectrum are modulated by the solar cycle but also by solar activity on shorter timescales. Understanding this variability may prove crucial to reducing background uncertainty for ESA's Athena X-ray Observatory and other missions with large collecting area. We examine of the variability of the particle background as measured by ACIS on the Chandra X-ray Observatory and compare that variability to that measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS), a precision particle detector on the ISS. We show that cosmic ray proton variability measured by AMS is well matched to the ACIS background and can be used to estimate proton energies responsible for the background. We discuss how this can inform future missions.
The Software Rejuvenation Model with Pre-start Technology (2008)

Software aging related failures can be prevented by applying software rejuvenation technology. But the restart operation in the software rejuvenation phase makes the system unable to provide services, which leads to system unavailability. The software rejuvenation model with pre-start technology is therefore proposed to reduce downtime and improve availability by switching between active copy and backup copy, which can substitute for restart operation and resolve unavailability problem. First of all, the rejuvenation operation of model with pre-start technology is described and improvements on the conventional model are presented. Second, the model availability is calculated by Markov Regenerative process. And finally, according to the experimental results, current model proves to be more available than the conventional one.
Design of a Folding-Frame Ergonomic Wheelchair (2019)

This project was seeking to improve on a previously completed manual wheelchair with an ergonomic drive system. The goals for improvement were decreasing weight and using a folding frame for increased accessibility. The new design was completed by using a frame from a commercially available wheelchair and adapting it to house an ergonomic drive system. During the design process, customer preference feedback was gathered from veterans to inform the design. The finished prototype is currently in the process of being licensed by a manufacturing partner.
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Amphibian Population Declines (1999)

We review recent research on the pathology, ecology, and biogeography of two emerging infectious wildlife diseases, chytridiomycosis and ranaviral disease, in the context of host-parasite population biology. We examine the role of these diseases in the global decline of amphibian populations and propose hypotheses for the origins and impact of these panzootics. Finally, we discuss emerging infectious diseases as a global threat to wildlife populations.
Feynman’s Tree Theorem and loop-tree dualities (2010)

We discuss the duality theorem, which provides a relation between loop integrals and phase space integrals. We rederive the duality relation for the one-loo p case and extend it to two and higherorder loops. We explicitly show its application to two- and three-loop scalar master integrals and discuss the structure of the occurring cuts.
Molecular Surveillance Identifies Multiple Transmissions of Typhoid in West Africa (2016)

These data indicate that typhoid in Nigeria was established through multiple independent introductions into the country, with evidence of regional spread. MDR typhoid appears to be evolving independently of the haplotype H58 found in other typhoid endemic countries. This study highlights an urgent need for routine surveillance to monitor the epidemiology of typhoid and evolution of antimicrobial resistance within the bacterial population as a means to facilitate public health interventions to reduce the substantial morbidity and mortality of typhoid.
Therapeutic effects of kaempferol affecting autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress (2019)

Regulated cell death (RCD) guarantees to preserve organismal homeostasis. Apoptosis and autophagy are two major arms of RCD, while endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a crucial organelle involved in proteostasis, promotes cells toward autophagy and apoptosis. Alteration in ER stress and autophagy machinery is responsible for a great number of diseases. Therefore, targeting those pathways appears to be beneficial in the treatment of relevant diseases. Meantime, among the traditional herb medicine, kaempferol as a flavonoid seems to be promising to modulate ER stress and autophagy and exhibits protective effects on malfunctioning cells. There are some reports indicating the capability of kaempferol in affecting autophagy and ER stress. In brief, kaempferol modulates autophagy in noncancerous cells to protect cells against malfunction, while it induces cell mortality derived from autophagy through the elevation of p-AMP-activated protein kinase, light chain-3-II, autophagy-related geness, and Beclin-1 in cancer cells. Noteworthy, kaempferol enhances cell survival through C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) suppression and GRP78 increment in noncancerous cells, while it enhances cell mortality through the induction of unfolding protein response and CHOP increment in cancer cells. In this review, we discuss how kaempferol modulates autophagy and ER stress in noncancer and cancer cells to expand our knowledge of new pharmacological compounds for the treatment of associated diseases.
A Pain in the Neck (2013)

A 62-year-old man complaining of neck pain was found to have a mass in the left carotid region. He was on treatment for hypertension but had no symptoms suggestive of catecholamine excess. Urinary dopamine values were near or above the upper reference limit in 2 samples (Table 1). Free and total plasma methoxytyramine, plasma dopamine, …
Helix formation is a dynamical bottleneck in the recovery reaction of Photoactive Yellow Protein (2008)

The bacterial sensor Photoactive Yellow Protein (PYP) signals the presence of blue light by undergoing a series of conformational changes. We present atomistic Parallel Tempering (Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics) simulations of conformational changes occurring during the photo-cycle of PYP. First, we study the signaling state formation of PYP in detail. Our previous simulations have shown that the formation of the signaling state is characterized by the solvent exposure of both the chromophore and Glu46 (Vreede J, Crielaard W, Hellingwerf KJ, Bolhuis PG. Biophys J, 2005;8:3525-3535). Subsequent NMR results agreed with this prediction, but as these experiments were performed on an N-terminally truncated mutant, a simulation of this mutant would further substantiate our previous results. Here, we compare simulations of the truncated PYP to the NMR structures, as well as to the wild type predictions. This comparison also gives some insight into the role of the N-terminal domain of PYP, which restricts the movement of the chromophore binding pocket (CBP) in the wild type. Second, we report simulations of the recovery of the receptor state from the signaling state. While we did not observe complete refolding of the protein, we did observe transient interactions between residues of the CBP occurring when the chromophore is in a trans configuration. Using simulations that sample anomalous exposure of the chromophore in the receptor state, we were able to sample chromophore re-entry into its binding pocket. While the involved time scales prohibit drawing definitive conclusions even when using parallel tempering, we nevertheless propose that the formation of a helix in the CBP is essential for a successful recovery of the receptor state, and forms a kinetic barrier in this process.
Telomerization of 3,3,3-Trifluoroprop-1-ene and Functionalization of Its Telomers (2008)

The synthesis of four 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene telomers (R F (C 3 H 3 F 3 ) n I, n = 1, 2, R F = n-C 6 F 13 - or (CF 3 ) 2 CF-) and their allyl derivatives R F (C 3 H 3 F 3 ) n CH 2 CH=CH 2 are presented. The allyl telomers were prepared by a three-step reaction. The first step involved the thermal and peroxide-induced bulk telomerization of 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (TFP) with heptafluoro-2-iodopropane or tridecafluoro-6-iodohexane leading to monoadduct and diadduct, the ratio of which depends on the R 0 = [R F I] 0 /[TFP] 0 initial molar ratio and the reaction temperature. The amount of monoadduct increased up to 50-60% and of the diadduct to 25-30% at temperatures up to 180 °C (thermal-initiated) and 150 °C (initiated with di- tert -butyl peroxide, DTBP), R 0 up to 1.5. It was observed that the addition of the (CF 3 ) 2 CF • radical onto the =CH 2 of TFP was regioselective leading to selective formation of a single isomer in contrast to the addition of the n-C 6 F 13 • radical. Then, the telomers reacted with allyl acetate yielding R F (C 3 H 3 F 3 ) n CH 2 CH(I)CH 2 OCOCH 3 ( n = 1, 2) in 50-80% yields. The third step consisted of a deiododeacetatization of these iodoacetates into R F (C 3 H 3 F 3 ) n CH 2 -CH=CH 2 ( C,n ) giving 50-80% yields. All the intermediates were characterized by 1 H, 19 F and products by 13 C NMR spectroscopy.
Fluoride laser crystals: old and new (2006)

The development of oxide and fluoride materials as gain materials of choice for solid state lasers ranges from early materials such as Calcium Fluoride and Calcium Tungstate crystals to the now ubiquitous Nd hosts YLF, YAG and Vanadate. Among Tunable laser materials, MgF<sub>2</sub> - an early favorite, gave way to superior oxides such as Alexandrite and Ti:Sapphire only to be followed by development of still newer tunable fluoride media, notably, fluoride colquiriites such as Cr-doped LiSAF and LiCaF. Newer fluoride crystals, such as Barium Yttrium Fluoride BaY<sub>2</sub> F<sub>8</sub> (BYF), KY<sub>3</sub>F<sub>10</sub> (KYF) and the tunable Cr doped LiCaGaF<sub>6</sub> are attractive laser materials, but their growth has not been optimized. Key advantages of two of these new crystals are discussed. Crystal growth results for BYF and Cr:LiCaGaF<sub>6</sub> as well as some material characterization are presented.
Superplastic Behaviour and Microstructure Evolution in a Commercial Ultra-Fine Grained Al-Mg-Sc Alloy (2004)

An Al-6%Mg -0.3%Sc-0.3%Mn alloy was subjected to equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE) at 325⁰C to a total strain of about 16 that resulted in an average grain size of about 1 µm. Superplastic properties and microstructural evolution of the alloy were studied in tension at strain rates ranging from 1.4x10־⁵ to 1.4 s־¹ in the temperature interval from 250⁰ to 500⁰C
Threshold detection statistics of bosonic states (2022)

In quantum photonics, threshold detectors, distinguishing between vacuum and one or more photons, such as superconducting nanowires and avalanche photodiodes, are routinely used to measure Fock and Gaussian states of light. Despite being the standard measurement scheme, there is no general closed form expression for measurement probabilities with threshold detectors, unless accepting coarse approximations or combinatorially scaling summations. Here, we present new matrix functions to fill this gap. We develop the Bristolian and the loop Torontonian functions for threshold detection of Fock and displaced Gaussian states, respectively, and connect them to each other and to existing matrix functions. By providing a unified picture of bosonic statistics for most quantum states of light, we provide novel tools for the design and analysis of photonic quantum technologies.
Mechanisms and genetic control of interspecific crossing barriers in Lycopersicon. Final report (1997)

Deficiency of Lycopersicon esculentum allele (E) was observed from the RFLP and isozyme data of the F{sub 2} populations derived from the cross L. esculentum x L. pennellii. The genome composition of the F{sub 2} populations containing L. pennellii cytoplasm (F{sub 2}{sup Lp4}) has a lower proportion of the homozygous L. pennellii (PP) genotypes and a higher proportion of heterozygote (EP) genotypes than that of the F{sub 2} populations containing L. esculentum cytoplasm (F{sub 2}{sup Le}). A lower proportion of the L. pennellii alleles (P) was also observed in F{sub 2}{sup Lp4} as compared to F{sub 2}{sup Le} when each marker locus was tested individually. To study the effects of gametic and zygotic selection on segregation distortion, the expected patterns of segregation at a marker locus were derived for ten selection models with gametic or zygotic selection at a hidden linked locus. Segregation distortion caused by four of the selection models studied can be uniquely identified by the patterns of significance expected for the likelihood ratio tests at the marker loci. Comparison of the chromosomal regions associated with specific selection models across populations (of this experiment and previous publications) indicated that the segregation distortion observed in chromosome 10 is associated with zygotic selection affecting both arms of the chromosome, and cytoplasm substitution has the effect of decreasing the segregation distortion on the long arm of the chromosome.
Analytical methods for the calculation of the elastic interaction of point defects with dislocation loops in hexagonal crystals (2017)

The Green’s function method for hexagonal crystals within the Lifshitz–Rosenzweig (1947) and Kröner (1953) approaches has been used to obtain analytical expressions for the energy of elastic interaction of radiation-induced point defects with dislocation loops of three types: the basal edge dislocation loop (cloop), the basal shear dislocation loop, and the edge a-loop (bedding plane {11 20}, Burgers vector b D = 1/3〈11 20〉). In the case of the basal edge dislocation loop, a similar expression has been obtained independently by solving the equilibrium equations using the Elliott method. A numerical comparison of the derived expressions for zirconium has demonstrated a complete identity of the results obtained within the approaches considered in this study.
Histomorphometry of Distraction Osteogenesis in a Caprine Tibial Lengthening Model (1998)

Standardized histomorphometry of bone formation and remodeling during distraction osteogenesis (DO) has not been well characterized. Increasing the rhythm or number of incremental lengthenings performed per day is reported to enhance bone formation during limb lengthening. In 17 skeletally immature goats, unilateral tibial lengthenings to 20 or 30% of original length were performed at a rate of 0.75 mm/day and rhythms of 1, 4, or 720 times per day using standard Ilizarov external fixation and an autodistractor system. Two additional animals underwent frame application and osteotomy without lengthening and served as osteotomy healing controls. Histomorphometric indices were measured at predetermined regions from undecalcified tibial specimens. Within the distraction region, bone formation and remodeling activity were location dependent. Intramembranous bone formed linearly oriented columns of interconnecting trabecular plates of woven and lamellar type bone. Total new bone volume and bone formation indices were significantly increased within the distraction and osteotomy callus regions (Tb.BV/TV, 226% [p < 0.05]; BFR/BS, 235-650% [p < 0.01]) respectively, compared with control metaphyseal bone. Bone formation indices were greatest adjacent to the mineralization zones at the center of the distraction gap; mineral apposition rate 96% (p < 0.01); mineralized bone surfaces 277% [p < 0.001]); osteoblast surfaces 359% [p < 0.001]); and bone formation rate (650% [p < 0.01]). There was no significant difference (p < 0.14; R = 0.4) in the bone formation rate of the distracted callus compared with the osteotomy control callus. Within the original cortices of the lengthened tibiae, bone remodeling indices were significantly increased compared with osteotomy controls; activation frequency (200% [p < 0.05]); osteoclast surfaces (295% [p < 0.01]); erosion period (75%); porosity (240% [p < 0.001]). Neither the rhythm of distraction nor the percent lengthening appeared to significantly influence any morphometric parameter evaluated. Distraction osteogenesis shares many features of normal fracture gap healing. The enhanced bone formation and remodeling appeared to result more from increased recruitment and activation of bone forming and resorbing cells rather than from an increased level of individual cellular activity.
Myscéal: An Experimental Interactive Lifelog Retrieval System for LSC'20 (2020)

The Lifelog Search Challenge (LSC), is an annual comparative bench-marking activity for comparing approaches to interactive retrieval from multi-modal lifelogs. Being an interactive search challenge, issues such as retrieval accuracy, search speed and usability of inter-faces are key challenges that must be addressed by every participant. In this paper, we introduce Myscéal, an interactive lifelog retrieval engine designed to support novice users to retrieve items of interest from a large multimodal lifelog. Additionally, we also introduce anew similarity measure called "aTFIDF", to match a user's free-text information need with the multimodal lifelog index.