gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In situ synthesis and exhaustion of nano TiO2 on fabric samples using laser ablation method (2019)

In this research work, TiO2 nanoparticles were in situ synthesized on cotton fabrics using laser ablation method. For producing the TiO2 nanoparticles, the Ti plate were irradiated with Nd:YAG pulsed laser operating at 1064 nm in deionized water medium. Simultaneously, the cotton samples were placed near Ti plate in ablation container. Laser fluence was 1, 2 and 3 J/cm2 for samples 1–3 to make nanoparticles with different sizes. The morphology and size of prepared nano particles were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmition electron microscope (TEM). The concentration, structure and crystalinity of synthesized nano TiO2 was studied using absorption spectrophotometry and X-Ray diffraction method. The morphology changes of cotton samples after laser ablation and in situ synthesizing the TiO2 nanoparticles was compared using SEM. The hydrophilicity changes of cotton were determined by water absorption time method. Finally the cotton samples were stained by one ml of diluted methylene blue and the color changes of samples after daylight irradiation were studied with reflective spectrophotometry. Results show that, by increasing the laser fluence, the concentration and size of synthesized TiO2 nano particles increases. The self-cleaning and photocatalytic activity increases by increasing the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles.
Innervation of vasculature and microvasculature of the human vagina by NOS and neuropeptide-containing nerves. (1996)

The aims of the present study were to determine whether nerves that contain nitric oxide synthase (NOS), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P (SP) are present in the human vagina and, if so, to determine the pattern of innervation relative to that of other neurotransmitters, particularly vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Surgical specimens of vaginal tissue (n = 10) from pre- and postmenopausal women were fixed and processed for immunohistochemistry of peptides and NOS and for histochemistry of NADPH-diaphorase. SP-immunoreactive nerves were very sparse, being absent from 9 of the 10 tissue samples. For other peptides and NOS, the innervation of the deep arteries and veins was greater than that of blood vessels in the propria. Capillaries in the epithelial papillae also appeared to be innervated by nerves containing NOS, CGRP, NPY and VIP. Beneath the epithelium nerve fibres formed a subepithelial plexus; no nerve cell bodies were seen. The relative density of innervation by immunoreactive fibres was PGP-9.5 > NPY > VIP >> NOS > CGRP > SP. These results imply that nerves that utilise nitric oxide or NPY, VIP or CGRP as a neurotransmitter may play a role in controlling blood flow and capillary permeability in the human vagina. The origin and function of all these nerves is discussed.
FRONTAL OFFSET CRASH TEST STUDY USING 50TH PERCENTILE MALE AND 5TH PERCENTILE FEMALE DUMMIES (1998)

This paper presents National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's initial results of offset testing where the test vehicle moves at a speed of 60 kph into a fixed deformable barrier that overlaps 40 percent of the front of the vehicle. This test procedure essentially replicates that required by the European Union's (EU) Directive 96/79 EC, On the Protection of Occupants of Motor Vehicles in the Event of a Frontal Impact and Amending Directive 70/156/EEC, which was adopted in December of 1996. Previous testing with this particular frontal offset procedure has suggested that the lower legs of the dummies show loads that exceed possible injury limits. One goal of this testing activity is to determine if the offset test at 60 kph provides additional benefits beyond the FMVSS No. 208 full frontal barrier test at 48 kph. In addition, the agency has been petitioned to use smaller size dummies in its testing to look for aspects of safety that are not evaluated by the traditional 50th percentile male Hybrid III dummy. To facilitate the potential for adding the 5th percentile to frontal testing and to evaluate the offset test with the 50th and 5th percentile dummies, a series of eight crash tests was performed. In the eight crash tests, all the dummies were restrained with the safety belt systems. The three cars used in the crash testing were the Dodge Neon, Toyota Camry, and Ford Taurus. For the covering abstract see IRRD E102514.
Anticancer Efficacies of Cisplatin-Releasing pH-Responsive Nanoparticles (2006)

The objective of these investigations was to test the hypothesis that a rapid cytoplasmic release profile from nanoparticles would potentiate the anticancer activity of cisplatin. Cisplatin-loaded nanoparticles with pH-responsive poly[2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDEA) cores were synthesized from PDEA-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PDEA-PEG) copolymer by using a solvent-displacement (acetone-water) method. Nanoparticles with pH-nonresponsive poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) cores made from PCL-block-PEG (PCL-PEG) were used for comparison. Nanoparticle sizes, zeta potentials, drug-loading capacities, and pH responsiveness were characterized. The cellular uptakes and localization in lysosomes were visualized by using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Cytostatic effects of free and encapsulated cis-diammineplatinum(II) dichloride (cisplatin) toward human SKOV-3 epithelial ovarian cancer cells were estimated by using the MTT assay. Intraperitoneal tumor responses to cisplatin and cisplatin/PDEA-PEG were evaluated in athymic mice at 4-6 weeks postinoculation of SKOV-3 cells. PDEA-PEG nanoparticles dissolved at pH < 6 and rapidly internalized and transferred to lysosomes; it therefore was predicted that the PDEA nanoparticles would rapidly release cisplatin into cytoplasm upon integration into acidic lysosomes and thereby overwhelm the chemoresistant properties of SKOV-3 cells. Indeed, relative proportions of viable cells were diminished to a greater extent by exposure in vitro to fast-releasing nanoparticles compared to slow-releasing nanoparticles or an equivalent dose of free cisplatin. Incidences of cellular pyknosis (a morphological indicator of apoptosis) were most evident within intestinal/mesentery tumors of mice treated with cisplatin/PDEA-PEG; tumor burdens were correspondingly reduced.
It All Starts with a Sandwich: Identification of Sialidases with Trans-Glycosylation Activity (2016)

Sialidases (3.2.1.18) may exhibit trans-sialidase activity to catalyze sialylation of lactose if the active site topology is congruent with that of the Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase (EC 2.4.1.-). The present work was undertaken to test the hypothesis that a particular aromatic sandwich structure of two amino acids proximal to the active site of the T. cruzi trans-sialidase infers trans-sialidase activity. On this basis, four enzymes with putative trans-sialidase activity were identified through an iterative alignment from 2909 native sialidases available in GenBank, which were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Of these, one enzyme, SialH, derived from Haemophilus parasuis had an aromatic sandwich structure on the protein surface facing the end of the catalytic site (Phe168; Trp366), and was indeed found to exhibit trans-sialidase activity. SialH catalyzed production of the human milk oligosaccharide 3'-sialyllactose as well as the novel trans-sialylation product 3-sialyllactose using casein glycomacropeptide as sialyl donor and lactose as acceptor. The findings corroborated that Tyr119 and Trp312 in the T. cruzi trans-sialidase are part of an aromatic sandwich structure that confers trans-sialylation activity for lactose sialylation. The in silico identification of trans-glycosidase activity by rational active site topology alignment thus proved to be a quick tool for selecting putative trans-sialidases amongst a large group of glycosyl hydrolases. The approach moreover provided data that help understand structure-function relations of trans-sialidases.
Factors Influencing the Application Accuracy of Neuronavigation Systems (2000)

The application accuracy of different neuronavigation systems critically depends on the registration. The calculated registration accuracy provided by the system does not correspond to the localization error found in reality. The accuracy of frameless neuronavigation systems is comparable to that of classical frame-based stereotactic devices.
Random coding bound for the second moment of multidimensional lattices (2007)

Efficiency of lattice quantization depends on the parameter of a lattice called the normalized second moment of the Voronoi polyhedron. We apply random-coding methods to study lattices generated by q-ary linear codes. We prove that in this class there are lattices with the normalized second moment close to the theoretically attainable limit.
Variablity of the intestinal uptake of lipids is genetically determined in mice (2000)

The response of the plasma cholesterol concentration to changes in dietary lipids varies widely in humans and animals. There are variations in the in vivo absorption of cholesterol between different strains of mice. This study was undertaken in three strains of inbred mice to test the hypotheses that: (i) there are strain differences in the in vitro uptake of fatty acids and cholesterol and (ii) the adaptability of the intestine to respond to variations in dietary lipids is genetically determined. An in vitro intestinal ring technique was used to assess the uptake of medium- and long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol into jejunum and ileum of adult DBA/2, C57BL6, and C57L/J mice. The jejunal uptake of cholesterol was similar in C57L/J, DBA/2, or C57BL6 fed ad libitum a low-fat (5.7% fat, no cholesterol) chow diet. This is in contrast to a previous demonstration that in vivo cholesterol absorption was lower in C57L/J than in the other murine strains. The jejunal uptake of several long-chain fatty acids was greater in DBA/2 fed for 4 wk the high-fat (15.8% fat and 1.25% cholesterol) as compared with the low-fat diet. Furthermore, on the high-fat diet, the uptake of many long-chain fatty acids was higher in DBA/2 than in C57BL6 or C57L/J. The differences in cholesterol and fatty acid uptake were not explained by variations in food uptake, body weight gain, or the weight of the intestine. In summary: (i) there are strain differences in the in vitro intestinal uptake of fatty acids but not of cholesterol; (ii) a high-fat diet enhances the uptake of long-chain fatty acids in only one of the three strains examined in this study; and (iii) the pattern of strain- and diet-associated alterations in the in vivo absorption of cholesterol differs from the pattern of changes observed in vitro. We speculate that genetic differences in cholesterol and fatty acid uptake are explained by variations in the expression of protein-mediated components of lipid uptake.
An efficient code dissemination mechanism for building automation and industrial control networks (2011)

In this paper, we propose an Efficient Code Dissemination (ECoDi) mechanism providing fast dissemination through multiple starting points for building automation and industrial control networks composed of many sensor nodes. Code dissemination is in the spotlight as an important research issue since sensor nodes are necessary for updating new software remotely or fixing bugs dynamically. In particular, the time factor for code dissemination is the most important factor in order that the normal operation of nodes can be continuously performed as soon as finishing the dissemination is completed. For this factor, ECoDi determines the set of disseminators through regression analysis based on the size of distributed code and the time of past unicasts and broadcasts. Then it transmits the entire code as a unicast to multiple disseminators, and the disseminators broadcast the code to the remaining neighbor nodes immediately on receiving the first page. Performance results on our testbed show that ECoDi reduces the time of code dissemination significantly compared to a conventional code dissemination scheme. In commercial systems, it can support steady network operation with a shortened software upgrade time.
Redetermination of 3-hydroxybenzamide (2007)

The crystal structure of the title compound, C7H7NO2, has been redetermined [Katsube, Y. (1966). Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn, 39, 2576–2588] to higher precision and with the hydrogen-bonding scheme established.
The Pompeiu formula for slice hyperholomorphic functions (2011)

The fundamental result that makes complex analysis into a new discipline, independent from the theory of real variables, is the Cauchy formula, which allows the representation of any holomorphic function through a reproducing holomorphic kernel. This result is in fact an almost immediate application of the Stokes formula, which, in the more general case, offers an integral representation formula for c1 functions. This general representation formula is often known as the Pompeiu formula and can be stated as follows.
Evidence for nearest-neighbour hopping in amorphous silicon (1986)

Abstract The electrical conductivity of evaporated a-Si has been studied as a function of free-spin density in the temperature range where hopping conduction is dominant. It has been found that the experimental results can be interpreted by a nearest-neighbour hopping mechanism. From the explicit dependence of the pre-exponential factor on the spin density, the phonon frequency, vph, and the decay constant of the localized wavefunction, α, in a-Si are evaluated.
Whey protein coating bead improves the survival of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL 1505 to low pH (2012)

Pectin beads with a whey protein layer (MC(PE/WP)) could be used as probiotic carrier in functional foods of low pH (e.g. apple juice), thus protecting Lact. rhamnosus CRL 1505 against the stressful conditions of the gastric tract.
Selection of internal standards for accurate quantification of complex lipid species in biological extracts by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry—What, how and why? (2016)

Lipidomics is rapidly expanding because of the great facilitation of recent advances in, and novel applications of, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry techniques. The greatest demands have been for successful quantification of lipid classes, subclasses, and individual molecular species in biological samples at acceptable accuracy. This review addresses the selection of internal standards in different methods for accurate quantification of individual lipid species. The principles of quantification with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry are first discussed to recognize the essentials for quantification. The basics of different lipidomics approaches are overviewed to understand the variables that need to be considered for accurate quantification. The factors that affect accurate quantification are extensively discussed, and the solutions to resolve these factors are proposed-largely through addition of internal standards. Finally, selection of internal standards for different methods is discussed in detail to address the issues of what, how, and why related to internal standards. We believe that thorough discussion of the topics related to internal standards should aid in quantitative analysis of lipid classes, subclasses, and individual molecular species and should have big impacts on advances in lipidomics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:693-714, 2017.
Resilient Knowledge-Based Mechanisms For Truly Combinatorial Auctions (And Implementation in Surviving Strategies) (2008)

We put forward a new mechanism achieving a high benchmark for (both revenue and) the sum of revenue and efficiency in truly combinatorial auctions. Notably, our mechanism guarantees its performance (1) in a very adversarial collusion model; (2) for any profile of strategies surviving the iterated elimination of dominated strategies; and (3) by leveraging the knowledge that the players have about each other (in a non-Bayesian setting).Our mechanism also is computationally efficient, and preserves the players' privacy to an unusual extent.
Sparse data representation for data-parallel computation (2003)

Performance optimization has ben achieved by a transparent parallel sparse data representation in a data-parallel programming environment. In a sparse data representation, only the non-zero data elements of an array are stored and processed. The parallel sparse data representation is designed to efficiently utilize system resources on multicomputer systems for a broad class of problems; the main focus of this work is on the sparse situations that arise in dense data-parallel algorithms rather than the more traditional sparse linear algebra applications. A number of sparse data formats have been considered; one of these formats has been implemented in a high-level data-parallel programming environment called Paragon. Experimental results have been obtained with a distributed-memory multicomputer system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Guest Editorial: Mediterranean Nanophotonics (2009)

Nanophotonics is one of the hottest research topics relevant for a large variety of academic as well industrial applications. The main advantage of this field is in developing devices, fabrication techniques and sensing approaches with increased multi-functionality, higher level of integration, faster rate of operation, lower consumption of energy, smaller dimensions and reduced cost.
Selective and Efficient Structural Elaboration of 2‐(Trifluoromethyl)quinolinones (2003)

Abstract The acid‐catalyzed cyclization‐condensation between anilines and ethyl 4,4,4‐trifluoroacetoacetate affords 1,4‐dihydro‐2‐trifluoromethyl‐4 H ‐4‐quinolinones ( 1 ), which can easily be converted into 4‐bromo‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)quinolines. These undergo halogen/metal exchange, generating 2‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐quinolyllithiums, when treated with butyllithium, and hydrogen/metal exchange, generating 4‐bromo‐2‐trifluoromethyl‐3‐quinolyllithiums, when treated with lithium diisopropylamide. Trapping of the latter intermediates provides 3‐functionalized products that may be further elaborated by electrophilic substitution of the bromine atom. A few unexpected findings resulted from these investigations, the most noteworthy being an unprecedented buttressing effect and a counterintuitive halogen reactivity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Kinetics and regulation of human keratinocyte stem cell growth in short-term primary ex vivo culture. Cooperative growth factors from psoriatic lesional T lymphocytes stimulate proliferation among psoriatic uninvolved, but not normal, stem keratinocytes. (1995)

Flow cytometric analysis of primary ex vivo keratinocyte cultures demonstrated that stem cells, (beta 1 integrin+, keratin 1/keratin 10 [K1/K10-], proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA-] [Bata-Csorgo, Zs., C. Hammerberg, J. J. Voorhees, and K. D. Cooper. 1993. J. Exp. Med. 178:1271-1281]) establish such cultures. This methodology also enabled the quantitation of synchronized recruitment of these cells from G0 into G1 of the cell cycle (PCNA expression), which preceded bright beta 1 integrin expression. (beta 1 integrinbright expression has been shown to be a characteristic feature of keratinocyte stem cells in culture (Jones, P. H., and F. M. Watt. 1993. Cell. 73:713-724). Using the above assay, we determined whether lesional T lymphocytes in psoriasis could be directly responsible for the induction of the stem cell hyperproliferation that is characteristic of this disease. Indeed, CD4+ T lymphocytes, cloned from lesional psoriatic skin and stimulated by immobilized anti-CD3 plus fibronectin, promoted psoriatic uninvolved keratinocyte stem cell proliferation via soluble factors. This induction appeared to be through accelerated recruitment of stem cells from their quiescent state (G0) into cell cycle. By contrast, normal keratinocyte stem cells exhibited no such growth stimulation. Supernatants exhibiting growth induction all contained high levels of GM-CSF and gamma-IFN, low IL-3 and TNF-alpha, and variable IL-4. Only anti-gamma-IFN antibody was able to neutralize growth stimulatory activity of the supernatants on psoriatic uninvolved keratinocyte stem cells. However, because recombinant gamma-IFN alone inhibited growth in this assay, these data suggest that, in psoriasis, gamma-IFN acts cooperatively with other growth factors in the immune induction of cell cycle progression by the normally quiescent stem cell keratinocytes.
Change in the estimated number of incidence of cancers following installation of iterative reconstruction software (iDose) in a secondary hospital for CT protocols showing a significant change in mean effective dose. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Change in the estimated number of incidence of cancers following installation of iterative reconstruction software (iDose) in a secondary hospital for CT protocols showing a significant change in mean effective dose.&lt;/p&gt;
Ornithine decarboxylase, kidney size, and the tubular hypothesis of glomerular hyperfiltration in experimental diabetes (2001)

In early diabetes, the kidney grows and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increases. This growth is linked to ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). The study of hyperfiltration has focused on microvascular abnormalities, but hyperfiltration may actually result from a prior increase in capacity for proximal reabsorption which reduces the signal for tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). Experiments were performed in Wistar rats after 1 week of streptozotocin diabetes. Kidney weight, ODC activity, and GFR were correlated in diabetic and control rats given difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; Marion Merrell Dow, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA) to inhibit ODC. We assessed proximal reabsorption by micropuncture, using TGF as a tool for manipulating single-nephron GFR (SNGFR), then plotting proximal reabsorption versus SNGFR. ODC activity was elevated 15-fold in diabetic kidneys and normalized by DFMO, which also attenuated hyperfiltration and hypertrophy. Micropuncture data revealed an overall increase in proximal reabsorption in diabetic rats too great to be accounted for by glomerulotubular balance. DFMO prevented the overall increase in proximal reabsorption. These data confirm that ODC is required for the full effect of diabetes on kidney size and proximal reabsorption in early streptozotocin diabetes and are consistent with the hypothesis that diabetic hyperfiltration results from normal physiologic actions of TGF operating in a larger kidney, independent of any primary malfunction of the glomerular microvasculature.
Coenzyme Q10: A therapy for hypertension and statin-induced myalgia? (2010)

Some small clinical trials seem to show that coenzyme Q10 supplements can be used to lower blood pressure and to treat or prevent myalgia caused by hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins). However, larger trials are needed to determine if they are truly effective for these purposes. The authors examine the evidence and also discuss issues such as bioavailability, elimination, safety, and cost.