gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic Fish Spoilage by Bacteria II. Kinetics of Bacterial Growth and Substrate Conversions in Herring Extracts (1979)

The time course of the conversions of chemical components in herring extracts during anaerobic growth of Proteus sp., str. NTHC 153, Aeromonas sp., str. NTHC 154, and Enterobacter sp., str. NTHC 151 (Strøm &amp; Larsen 1979) has been studied. When the Proteus sp. or the Aeromonas sp. were inoculated into the herring extracts and incubated at 15°C under anaerobic conditions, the sugar components (i.e. mainly ribose, free and bound) were the first substrates utilized. These compounds were converted to acetate and CO 2 by the use of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) as an external hydrogen acceptor. Growth of bacteria ceased when all TMAO was reduced to trimethylamine (TMA). By adding an extra amount of TMAO to the herring extracts an increased growth of the Proteus sp. and the Aeromonas sp. ensued. The increased growth occurred concomitantly with a further conversion of TMAO to TMA and of lactate to acetate and CO 2 . The Enterobacter sp., which did not utilize lactate, did not give an increased growth in herring extracts enriched with TMAO.
An Intrusion-Detection Model (1986)

A model of a real-time intrusion-detection expert system capable of detecting break-ins, penetrations, and other forms of computer abuse is described. The model is based on the hypothesis that security violations can be detected by monitoring a system's audit records for abnormal patterns of system usage. The model includes profiles for representing the behavior of subjects with respect to objects in terms of metrics and statistical models, and rules for acquiring knowledge about this behavior from audit records and for detecting anomalous behavior. The model is independent of any particular system, application environment, system vulnerability, or type of intrusion, thereby providing a framework for a general-purpose intrusion-detection expert system.
Turbulence-resilient high-capacity free-space optical communication (2021)

Free space optical communication is a promising means to establish versatile, secure and high-bandwidth communication for many critical point-to-point applications. While the spatial modes of light offer an additional degree of freedom to increase the data rate of an optical link, atmospheric turbulence imposes a serious threat to the data fidelity as it can introduce severe inter-mode crosstalk and consequently data degradation. Here, we introduce a high-dimensional free space communication protocol using vector beams. Our protocol uses the spatial polarization profiles of orthogonal vector vortex beams to represent information levels, and we show both numerically and experimentally that such a protocol can be resilient to moderately strong atmospheric turbulence without the need of any adaptive optics.
The Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus Conventional Weight Loss Diets in Severely Obese Adults: One-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Trial (2004)

Participants on a low-carbohydrate diet had more favorable overall outcomes at 1 year than did those on a conventional diet. Weight loss was similar between groups, but effects on atherogenic dyslipidemia and glycemic control were still more favorable with a low-carbohydrate diet after adjustment for differences in weight loss.
Metal‐catalysed hydrogen isotope exchange labelling: a brief overview (2010)

Abstract An overview is given of this Special Issue of the Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals dealing with the subject of metal‐catalysed hydrogen isotope exchange labelling. In addition to summarizing the areas covered by the contributed papers, the overview also adds some historical information and gives short reviews of those areas and metals, not specifically covered by the contributed papers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Association of the glutamate receptor subunit gene GRIN2B with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2006)

The glutamatergic signaling pathway represents an ideal candidate susceptibility system for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Disruption of specific N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptor subunit genes (GRIN1, 2A-D) in mice leads to significant alterations in cognitive and/or locomotor behavior including impairments in latent learning, spatial memory tasks and hyperactivity. Here, we tested for association of GRIN2B variants with ADHD, by genotyping nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 205 nuclear families identified through probands with ADHD. Transmission of alleles from heterozygous parents to affected offspring was examined using the transmission/disequilibrium test. Quantitative trait analyses for the ADHD symptom dimensions [inattentive (IA) and hyperactive/impulsive (HI)] and cognitive measures of verbal working memory and verbal short-term memory were performed using the fbat program. Three SNPs showed significantly biased transmission (P < 0.05), with the strongest evidence of association found for rs2,284,411 (chi(2)= 7.903, 1 degree of freedom, P= 0.005). Quantitative trait analyses showed associations of these markers with both the IA and the HI symptom dimensions of ADHD but not with the cognitive measures of verbal short-term memory or verbal working memory. Our data suggest an association between variations in the GRIN2B subunit gene and ADHD as measured categorically or as a quantitatively distributed trait.
High mechanical reliability of back-ground GaAs LSI chips with low thermal resistance (1991)

GaAs LSI-sized 6.35 mm square chips with mirror ground back surfaces (Rmax=0.1 mu m) have been confirmed to be almost as reliable as chemically thinned ones through fracture stress experiments. Two fracture strength test methods, the four-point bending test and the biaxial tension test, were performed and the data were analyzed based on Weibull statistics. The 1 mu m post-grinding chemical etching in the original wafer thinning technology was proven to be effective in eliminating the surface flaws due to grinding, which act as stress concentrators and reduce mechanical strength. The thermal resistance of back-ground 5 mm square GaAs chips was observed to be low by utilizing the surface temperature measurement technology based on the diode drop technique. The thermal resistance was judged to be independent of the back-surface treatment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Properties of anchor grouts in a confined state (1997)

During the loading of a ground anchor the load transfer mechanisms between the tendon and the grout, and the grout and the borehole wall, demand the utilisation of extremely high values of shear and compressive stresses within the body of the confined grout. Normal unconfined compressive tests on anchor grouts provide no information on the stresses available for mobilisation in the anchor bore grout, but a simple new test such as that discussed above, simulating the confinement of a grout column in dense to very dense sand or moderately weak rock, provides an indication that compressive stresses in the range of 200 to 800N/sq mm are available in the anchor grout body. These values are an order of magnitude greater than UCS values. Hence it should be appreciated that UCS test values, while entirely appropriate for basic Quality Assurance, are in no way reflective of the actual strength available in-situ. The presence of such high values is supported by the very satisfactory performance of removable multiple anchors, which mobilise high stresses of both direct compression and shear. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 898458.
Emerging Roles for Hedgehog-Patched-Gli Signal Transduction in Reproduction1 (2003)

Hedgehog (Hh) proteins are expressed during vertebrate development in some tissues with inductive properties and at epithelial-mesenchymal boundaries in several developing organs, including the lung, gut, hair follicle, and tooth. The Hh signaling pathway is highly conserved, and important clues to understanding the mechanism of Hh signal transduction in vertebrates have come from studies in Drosophila. In recent years, Hh signaling has been recognized during embryonic development and in some cases during postnatal life in several mammalian tissues whose functions are essential for reproduction, including the gonads, uterus, and hormonally responsive accessory sex glands such as the prostate and mammary gland. The role of the pathway in these tissues is highly reminiscent of its role at epithelial-mesenchymal-stromal boundaries in other organ systems, which has provided a framework within which to explore Hh signaling in tissues that function in reproduction. Some features unique to these tissues are emerging, including a role in proliferation and differentiation of male germline cells in mammals and apparent influences of sex steroids on Hh signaling. However, many questions remain about the function of Hh signaling in the gonads, uterus, prostate, and mammary gland, including factors regulating the signal transduction pathway, identification of downstream target genes, and roles for Hh signaling in diseases involving these tissues.
Efficient quantum three-dimensional modeling of fully depleted ballistic silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (2004)

We present an efficient, fully quantum mechanical approach to calculating ballistic transport in fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor devices in three dimensions and apply the technique to the calculation of threshold voltages for realistic devices with narrow channels. We illustrate the fact that each dopant configuration becomes exceedingly important for quantum simulations.
Single‐Molecule Analysis of the Recognition Forces Underlying Nucleo‐Cytoplasmic Transport (2013)

Transportkräfte: Damit Moleküle sich durch die Kernhülle bewegen können, müssen sie selektive Barrieren der Kernpore überwinden, die aus Nucleoporinen (nups) mit FG-Wiederholungen bestehen. Die Moleküle werden von pendelnden Rezeptoren begleitet, die mit den FG-nups wechselwirken, und passieren unter Verwendung eines ungeklärten Mechanismus die Barriere. Der Prozess wurde mit Einzelmolekülspektroskopie untersucht (siehe Bild).
Effect of User Mobility in Coded Cooperative Systems with Joint Partner and Cooperation Level Selection (2007)

In cooperative diversity systems, single antenna nodes may share their antennas to achieve a performance comparable to multi-antenna systems. Cooperative diversity is efficiently provided by the coded cooperation algorithm (Hunter and Nosratinia, 2002) where users cooperate by mutually transmitting their FEC-coded data. This paper studies the effect of user mobility on the outage probability performance of coded cooperation with two users. For this study the authors assumed that users do not always move and that for moving users, fading channel characteristics depend on the motion speed. Considering these two mobility factors, scenarios were defined for which the outage probabilities were analytically derived. The effects of user speed and the level of cooperation are further investigated by simulation. Finally a simple method for the dynamic selection of partners required for successful cooperation by adapting the cooperation level was proposed and discussed the effect of mobility and transmission power on the performance of this method.
Real-Time Stochastic Kinodynamic Motion Planning via Multiobjective\n Search on GPUs (2016)

In this paper we present the PUMP (Parallel Uncertainty-aware Multiobjective\nPlanning) algorithm for addressing the stochastic kinodynamic motion planning\nproblem, whereby one seeks a low-cost, dynamically-feasible motion plan subject\nto a constraint on collision probability (CP). To ensure exhaustive evaluation\nof candidate motion plans (as needed to tradeoff the competing objectives of\nperformance and safety), PUMP incrementally builds the Pareto front of the\nproblem, accounting for the optimization objective and an approximation of CP.\nThis is performed by a massively parallel multiobjective search, here\nimplemented with a focus on GPUs. Upon termination of the exploration phase,\nPUMP searches the Pareto set of motion plans to identify the lowest cost\nsolution that is certified to satisfy the CP constraint (according to an\nasymptotically exact estimator). We introduce a novel particle-based CP\napproximation scheme, designed for efficient GPU implementation, which accounts\nfor dependencies over the history of a trajectory execution. We present\nnumerical experiments for quadrotor planning wherein PUMP identifies solutions\nin ~100 ms, evaluating over one hundred thousand partial plans through the\ncourse of its exploration phase. The results show that this multiobjective\nsearch achieves a lower motion plan cost, for the same CP constraint, compared\nto a safety buffer-based search heuristic and repeated RRT trials.\n
Self Breast Examination: A Tool for Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer (2013)

Breast cancer is a global health concern and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women. It has been identified as a major public health problem in both developed and developing nations because of its high incidence-prevalence, over-burdened health system and direct medical expenditure. Studies have shown that in most of the developing nations breast cancer is diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease when compared with developed nations and thus has a poor outcome and high fatality rate. This paper aims to check the effectiveness of breast self-examination in early detection of the breast cancer. In addition, it plans to consider all the factors which hampers with the uptake of the technique and what all could be planned to improve the current scenario. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was made using library sources including Pubmed, Medline and google scholar searches. Keywords used in the search include breast self-examination, barriers in breast self-examination and breast cancer. Breast self-examination (BSE) has been identified as the only realistic approach in early detection of breast cancer in developing nations. A wide knowledge-application gap has been observed across the globe between the knowledge and the actual practice of BSE. Multiple socio-demographic factors, myths, cultural beliefs, lack of accessibility to the health care services have been identified as the reasons for the poor uptake of BSE. Considering the potential of BSE, there is an immense need for a public health education program to inculcate the practice of breast self-examination among women to minimize the fear, denial, myths and misconceptions. This requires a sustained political commitment and further studies to recognize the perceived barriers which are interfering with the uptake of BSE so that the greatest challenge of late presentation can be curbed and the chances of survival improved.
Suppressed PHA activation of T lymphocytes in simulated microgravity is restored by direct activation of protein kinase C (1998)

Utilizing clinostatic rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactors that simulate aspects of microgravity, we found phytohemagglutinin (PHA) responsiveness to be almost completely diminished. Activation marker expression was significantly reduced in RWV cultures. Furthermore, cytokine secretion profiles suggested that monocytes are not as adversely affected by simulated microgravity as T cells. Reduced cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions may play a role in the loss of PHA responsiveness because placing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) within small collagen beads did partially restore PHA responsiveness. However, activation of purified T cells with cross-linked CD2/CD28 and CD3/CD28 antibody pairs was completely suppressed in the RWV, suggesting a defect in signal transduction. Activation of purified T cells with PMA and ionomycin was unaffected by RWV culture. Furthermore, sub-mitogenic doses of PMA alone but not ionomycin alone restored PHA responsiveness of PBMC in RWV culture. Thus our data indicate that during polyclonal activation the signaling pathways upstream of PKC activation are sensitive to simulated microgravity.
[HB(pz)3]Ag(PR3) complexes as thioredoxine reductase-targeted antiproliferative agents (2015)

Different classes of silver derivatives showed a significant in vitro antitumor activity against a variety of human cancer cell lines, often higher than the corresponding activity of the reference drug, cisplatin. Among them, several silver-phosphino derivatives endowed with significative antitumor activity have been described [1]. We investigated the biological behavior of a series of cationic homoleptic silver complexes of the type [Ag(PR3)4]+, and we observed that such complexes are able to inhibit significantly TrxR (IC50 for [Ag(PTA)4](PF6) = 10.3 nM) [2] suggesting that TrxR, recognized as the most relevant molecular target for gold compounds, could be a protein target also for silver derivatives. This behavior was confirmed for other classes of cytotoxic silver derivatives in particular for water-soluble N-heterocyclic carbene complexes [3]. &#13;\nStimulated by the appealing results obtained with Cu(I) [4], we moved from the cationic homoleptic silver complexes of the type [Ag(PR3)4]+, to the synthesis of neutral mixed-ligand [HB(pz)3]Ag(PR3) silver(I) complexes (PR3 = tertiary phosphine). Again, the most effective complex against a wide panel of human cancer cells, including cisplatin and multidrug-resistant sublines, namely [HB(pz)3]Ag(PPh3), showed a strong ability to inhibit thioredoxin reductase (IC50 8.3 nM). In order to find a correlation between the biological activity of silver derivatives and the nature of the phosphino ligands, detailed studies were performed on the stability of [HB(pz)3]Ag(PR3) complexes under mass spectrometric conditions.
All-fiber capillary electrophoresis with novel axial in-line detection (2008)

An all-fiber capillary electrophoresis system is presented. It enables sensitive in-line electrophoresis separation and fluorescence detection. As a proof of concept, a biological sample (FITC-BSA) is electrokinetically separated and analyzed.
Multiheteromacrocycles that complex metal ions. Eighth progress report, 1 May 1981--30 April 1982 (1981)

The overall objective of this research is to design, synthesize, and evaluate cyclic and polycyclic host organic compounds for their abilities to complex and lipophilize guest metal ions, their complexes, and their clusters. Host organic compounds consist of strategically placed solvating, coordinating, and ion-pairing sites tied together by covalent bonds through hydrocarbon units around cavities shaped to be occupied by guest metal ions, or by metal ions plus their ligands. Specificity in complexation is sought by matching the following properties of host and guest: cavity and metal ion sizes: geometric arrangements of binding sites; number of binding sites; character of binding sites; and valences. The hope is to synthesize new classes of compounds useful in the separation of metal ions, their complexes, and their clusters.
Access control for Active Spaces (2003)

Active Spaces are physical spaces augmented with heterogeneous computing and communication devices along with supporting software infrastructure. This integration facilitates collaboration between users, and promotes greater levels of interaction between users and devices. An Active Space can be configured for different types of applications at different times. We present an access control system that automates the creation and enforcement of access control policies for different configurations of an Active Space. Our system explicitly recognizes different modes of cooperation between groups of users, and the dependence between physical and virtual aspects of security in Active Spaces. Our model provides support for both discretionary and mandatory access control policies, and uses role-based access control techniques for easy administration of users and permissions. We dynamically assign permissions to user roles based on context information. We show how we can create dynamic protection domains. This allows administrators and application developers the ability to customize access control policies on a need-to-protect basis. We also provide a semi-formal specification and analysis of our model and show how we preserve safety properties in spite of dynamic changes to access control permissions.
Cover Picture: Ensemble‐Docking Approach on BACE‐1: Pharmacophore Perception and Guidelines for Drug Design (ChemMedChem 5/2007) (2007)

The cover picture shows a model of the BACE‐1 enzyme represented in ribbon mode with the catalytic site highlighted as a grey Connolly surface. The binding site is filled with six BACE‐1 inhibitors in their docked conformations and coloured according to conserved interaction points. Theoretical studies of inhibitor binding allowed us to delineate an exhaustive nine‐point pharmacophore model (upper right), which captures both the common geometric and the electronic features essential for enzyme inhibition. Interestingly, five of these points are present in all the inspected ligands (blue spheres), thus they can be referred to as essential features for inhibitor recognition and binding, whereas the other four points (light‐blue spheres) contribute to BACE‐1 selective inhibition. For more details, see the Full Paper by L. Marinelli et al. on p. 667 ff.
Corrigendum to “Influence of the Thermal Treatment to Address a Better Osseointegration of Ti6Al4V Dental Implants: Histological and Histomorphometrical Study in a Rabbit Model” (2018)

In the article titled “Influence of the Thermal Treatment to Address a Better Osseointegration of Ti6Al4V Dental Implants: Histological and Histomorphometrical Study in a Rabbit Model” [1], the method description was incomplete and inaccurate. The manufacturer name for the threaded Ti6Al4V dental fixtures that were used in the present study was Bicon Implants (Bicon, Boston, MA United States). The outcome, the histologies and the scientific evidence that emerged from the study must be considered in relation to the properties of the medical device tested in the experiment. In addition, the length of the implant size of the Threaded Ti6Al4V was incorrectly given as “10 mm”, while it should be corrected to be “11 mm”.\n\nTherefore, “Threaded Ti6Al4V dental implants (4 mm diameter and 10 mm length) were used in the present study (ISOMED Implant System, Italy). The textured Ti6Al4V dental implants surfaces were obtained through acid-etching without grit-blasting of plateau root form endosseous Ti6Al4V bulk alloy implants of 4 mm in diameter by 10 mm in length” should be corrected to “Threaded Ti6Al4V dental implants (4 mm diameter and 11 mm length) were used in the present study (Bicon Implants, Bicon, Boston, MA United States). The textured Ti6Al4V dental implants surfaces were obtained through acid-etching without grit-blasting of plateau root form endosseous Ti6Al4V bulk alloy implants of 4 mm in diameter by 11 mm in length”.