gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inversion procedure for retrieval of aerosol size distributions (1985)

This paper discusses an improved procedure for the inversion of aureole forward scattering measurements to obtain aerosol size distributions. It is shown that the use of finite differences of the high angular resolution forward scattering data significantly improves the inversion results compared with using the direct kernel and enables one to resolve the bimodal structure of typical volume size distribution. An addition of proper scaling of the absolute size distribution to the Twomey-Chahine inversion algorithm results in very fast convergence with only three iterations typically required. An averaging and smoothing procedure is used to remove the spurious features of the inverted size distribution. The inversion method has been tested using simulated angular scattering measurements for four different aerosol models. For measurements covering 1.08-10° at a wavelength of 0.25 μ m, the size distributions were retrieved with a 15-30% rms error over the radii range between 0.2 and 6.0 μ m, with a representative measurement noise of 4%. It is noted that the differential inversion technique is more sensitive to noise than the direct method, since differencing the measurements decreases the signal-to-noise ratio.
Systemic and cell type-specific gene expression patterns in scleroderma skin (2003)

We used DNA microarrays representing >12,000 human genes to characterize gene expression patterns in skin biopsies from individuals with a diagnosis of systemic sclerosis with diffuse scleroderma. We found consistent differences in the patterns of gene expression between skin biopsies from individuals with scleroderma and those from normal, unaffected individuals. The biopsies from affected individuals showed nearly indistinguishable patterns of gene expression in clinically affected and clinically unaffected tissue, even though these were clearly distinguishable from the patterns found in similar tissue from unaffected individuals. Genes characteristically expressed in endothelial cells, B lymphocytes, and fibroblasts showed differential expression between scleroderma and normal biopsies. Analysis of lymphocyte populations in scleroderma skin biopsies by immunohistochemistry suggest the B lymphocyte signature observed on our arrays is from CD20+ B cells. These results provide evidence that scleroderma has systemic manifestations that affect multiple cell types and suggests genes that could be used as potential markers for the disease.
New Evidence for Intrinsic Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-Like Activity in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Luteinizing Hormone* (1978)

In order to investigate whether the follicle-stimulating activity (FSA) of purified human CG (hCG) is an intrinsic property of the hCG molecule or reflects contamination with FSH of pituitary origin, we measured the FSH-like effects of a series of hCG preparations in an FSH radioligand-receptor assay (RRA). Preparations included crude and highly purified hCG, isolated hCGa or hCGβ subunits, and the hCG subunits recombined either with each other or with purified ovine LHa or ovine LHβ subunits. FSH-like activity in the RRA was based on the ability of test preparations to inhibit specific binding of radiolabeled FSH to rat testis homogenate. To examine for the presence of contaminating pituitary FSH, the FSH-like activity of several of the preparations was measured in the FSH RRA after incubation with a specific antiserum to ovine FSH. Purified hCG had 0.10-0.15% the potency of highly purified hFSH in the FSH RRA. Recombined hCGa plus β was essentially indistinguishable from purified native hCG, although the isolated subunits had virtually no FSH-like activity. Similar to purified hCG, the hybrid recombinants hCGaoLH/J and oLHahCGβ also had FSH-like activity. Although an excess of the FSH antiserum neutralized over 94% of the activity of a pituitary hFSH preparation in the FSH RRA, it failed to neutralize the FSH-like activity of hCG, hCGaoLHβ, or oLHahCGjS. Thus.the FSH-like effects of highly purified hCG and hCG-oLH hybrid preparations were not due to pituitary FSH contamination. We conclude that the FSH-like effects of purified hCG preparations are due to an interaction of the intact hCG molecule with the FSH receptor and that LHy8-containing hybrids also possess an intrinsic FSH-like action. (Endocrinology102: 1356, 1978)
A Future Proof Reconfigurable Wireless and Fixed Converged Optical Fronthaul Network Using Silicon Photonic Switching Strategies (2022)

Broadband access services in the era of 5G and beyond are driving the evolution of optical access networks from a fiber-to-the-home/ fiber-to-the-building infrastructure to a more common access platform, compatible with both wired and wireless broadband services. Accordingly, a flexible optical access network plays a pivotal role in catering to various service requirements. This work proposes a reconfigurable converged optical fronthaul network for wireless and wired services using a 4◊4 microring resonator (MRR) based silicon photonic (SiP) switch fabric. Reconfigurable service selection is demonstrated for wavelength selective, multicast and space switching scenarios. The reconfiguration of digital data and digital radio-over-fiber (DRoF) services for cloud radio access networks (C-RAN) is demonstrated.
Effect of Er on Tensile Properties of Welded Joints of 6063 Aluminum Alloy (2011)

6063 aluminum alloy thin plates with different rare earth content were welded by TIG welding,and then the welded joint was treated at 520℃ for 20 min.The mechanical properties of welded joint were investigated by tensile test,microhardness distribution test.The effects of rare earth content or with and without post weld heat treatment on mechanical properties of welded joint were studied.The results show that,when the content of rare earth in 6063 aluminum alloy is less than 0.4%,with the increase of the content of rare earth,the tensile properties of the welded joints significantly increase,but when the content of rare earth surpasses 0.4%,with the increase of the content of rare earth,the tensile properties of the welded joints reduce slightly.In addition,the tensile strength,yield strength,the elongation and microhardness of the welded joint can enhance by post-weld heat treatment.
High-speed monolithic silicon photoreceivers on high resistivity and SOI substrates (2001)

We compare monolithic silicon optical receivers fabricated on high resistivity and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. Each receiver consisted of a lateral p-i-n photodiode and an NMOS transimpedance preamplifier. At a drain voltage (V/sub DD/) of 3.5 V, a photodiode voltage (V/sub PD/) of 30 V, and a wavelength of 850 nm, the high resistivity receiver exhibited sensitivities of -31.9 dBm at 622 Mb/s and -23.2 dBm at the maximum operating speed of 1.0 Gb/s. At V/sub DD/=5 V and V/sub PD/=20 V, the sensitivity of the SOI receiver was -26.1 dBm at 622 Mb/s, -20.2 dBm at 1.0 Gb/s and -12.2 dBm at the maximum speed of 2.0 Gb/s. Single supply operation at 5 V and 3 V was also demonstrated for the SOI receiver. Methods for extending the speed and improving the sensitivity characteristics in more advanced technologies with lower supply voltages are discussed.
EDMon nanosat Payload: risk management implementation in hardware and software design (2021)

International audience
Sub-decibel silicon grating couplers based on L-shaped waveguides and engineered subwavelength metamaterials (2019)

The availability of low-loss optical interfaces to couple light between standard optical fibers and high-index-contrast silicon waveguides is essential for the development of chip-integrated nanophotonics. Input and output couplers based on diffraction gratings are attractive coupling solutions. Advanced grating coupler designs, with Bragg or metal mirror underneath, low- and high-index overlays, and multi-level or multi-layer layouts, have proven less useful due to customized or complex fabrication, however. In this work, we propose a rather simpler in design of efficient off-chip fiber couplers that provide a simulated efficiency up to 95% (-0.25 dB) at a wavelength of 1.55 µm. These grating couplers are formed with an L-shaped waveguide profile and synthesized subwavelength grating metamaterials. This concept jointly provides sufficient degrees of freedom to simultaneously control the grating directionality and out-radiated field profile of the grating mode. The proposed chip-to-fiber couplers promote robust sub-decibel coupling of light, yet contain device dimensions (> 120 nm) compatible with standard lithographic technologies presently available in silicon nanophotonic foundries. Fabrication imperfections are also investigated. Dimensional offsets of ± 15 nm in shallow-etch depth and ± 10 nm in linewidth's and mask misalignments are tolerated for a 1-dB loss penalty. The proposed concept is meant to be universal, which is an essential prerequisite for developing reliable and low-cost optical couplers. We foresee that the work on L-shaped grating couplers with sub-decibel coupling efficiencies could also be a valuable direction for silicon chip interfacing in integrated nanophotonics.
Ankle Exoskeleton Assistance Can Improve Over-Ground Walking Economy in Individuals With Cerebral Palsy (2020)

Individuals with neuromuscular impairment from conditions like cerebral palsy face reduced quality of life due to diminishing mobility and independence. Lower-limb exoskeletons have potential to aid mobility, yet few studies have investigated their use during over-ground walking - an exercise that may contribute to our understanding of potential benefit in free-living settings. The goal of this study was to determine the potential for adaptive plantar-flexor assistance from an untethered ankle exoskeleton to improve over-ground walking economy and speed. Six individuals with cerebral palsy completed three consecutive daily over-ground training sessions to acclimate to, and tune, assistance. During a final assessment visit, metabolic cost, walking speed, and soleus electromyography were collected for baseline, unpowered, low, training-tuned, and high assistance conditions. Compared to each participant's baseline condition, we observed a 3.9 ± 1.9% (p = 0.050) increase in walking speed and a 22.0 ± 4.5% (p = 0.002) reduction in soleus activity with training-tuned assistance; metabolic cost of transport was unchanged (p = 0.130). High assistance resulted in an 8.5 ± 4.0% (p = 0.042) reduction in metabolic cost of transport, a 6.3 ± 2.6% (p = 0.029) increase in walking speed, and a 25.0 ± 4.0% (p < 0.001) reduction in soleus activity. Improvement in exoskeleton-assisted walking economy was related to pre-training baseline walking speed ( [Formula: see text], p = 0.001); the slower and more impaired participants improved the most. Energy cost and preferred walking speed remained generally unchanged for the faster and less impaired participants. These findings demonstrate that powered ankle exoskeletons have the potential to improve mobility-related outcomes for some people with cerebral palsy.
Torque sensing and torque control of pulley-wire driving system - Proposition of tension differential type torque sensor and implementation to torque servo system. (1989)

プーリ・ワイヤ駆動系におけるトルクセンシングはこれまでプーリ両端のワイヤにそれぞれ張力センサを押し付けることにより行なわれていた.この万法では対応するトルクは2つの張力信号をアナログ演算回路に入れ両者の差をとることにより得られるため, 原理的に1軸あおり2個の張力センサを必要としていた.さらにこの方法はたとえ駆動トルクがプーリに作用していなくてもワイヤ張力に比例したバイアス力がセンサ部に作用するため, 残留応力やダイナミックレンジが広くとれないなどの欠点を有していた.本論文では駆動軸回りに発生するトルクがプーリ両端の張力差に比例することに着目して張力差動形のトルクセンサを提案している.次にトルクサーボ系を設計する上で重要な指標となるセンサの等価回転剛性を導入し, センサの幾何学的パラメータや外界の剛性がサーボ系のループゲインに及ぼす影響について, アームの慣性モーメントが無視できるという仮定のもとで考察している.
Partyline: A,AAA,AAA-Redevent (2004)

'Partyline' discusses the reconstruction of historical jewellery and its relevance as contemporary artefact. Jewellery is not only adornment, but also a cultural, archaeological and technological document. Technology applied by the ancient goldsmith leaves characteristic traces investigated by archaeometallurgy. Historical jewellery can be analysed and tested by laboratory reconstruction of selected goldworks, with the making of samples and replicating museum artefacts using goldsmithing skills based on known technology of the same era. This tests current theories and raises further questions concerning manufacturing technology. It tests the assumptions and theoretical strategies of working by the historical goldsmith and the finding of new knowledge become available to the contemporary goldsmith. In Robert Baines' personal research laboratory constructions with their historical correctness become available for reworking to convey a contemporary visual reference and a statement of history. The results of these analyses and reconstruction form the basis for studio practice in the making of the jewellery object in which contemporary aesthetics are informed by historical practice.
Wideband Star-shaped mmWave Planar Array Antenna with Liquid Crystal (2021)

This paper introduces a wideband star-shaped planar antenna with a liquid crystal (LC) material at Ka-band. The antenna array consists of the LC cavity and planar antenna elements with a microstrip feedline. Planar antenna array is designed with eight star-shaped patches. To check the LC dielectric constant at Ka-band, the designed antenna is fabricated and measured result of reflection coefficient(S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> ) ≤ −10 dB shows across the wideband (27 GHz – 40 GHz) without DC biasing with bean scanning from −62° to +5° and gain ≥ 8.15 dBi. The frequency range can be tuned with applied biasing voltage on the LC cavity.
Deep Sequential Neural Network (2014)

Neural Networks sequentially build high-level features through their successive layers. We propose here a new neural network model where each layer is associated with a set of candidate mappings. When an input is processed, at each layer, one mapping among these candidates is selected according to a sequential decision process. The resulting model is structured according to a DAG like architecture, so that a path from the root to a leaf node defines a sequence of transformations. Instead of considering global transformations, like in classical multilayer networks, this model allows us for learning a set of local transformations. It is thus able to process data with different characteristics through specific sequences of such local transformations, increasing the expression power of this model w.r.t a classical multilayered network. The learning algorithm is inspired from policy gradient techniques coming from the reinforcement learning domain and is used here instead of the classical back-propagation based gradient descent techniques. Experiments on different datasets show the relevance of this approach.
The Characterization of Hyalochlorella marina gen. et sp.nov. a New Colourless Counterpart of Chlorella (1970)

SUMMARY: Hyalochlorella marina is described as the type species of a new colourless genus of the chlorococcalean algae. It is a morphological and developmental counterpart of Chlorella and analogous to Prototheca, the known colourless counterpart. Hyalochlorella is distinguishable from Prototheca by its mode of autospore discharge, its possession of a large centric or eccentric vacuole, a Ruthenium Red positive wall and its lack of pectinaceous interstitial ground substance in the mature sporangium. Its developmental cycle is simple, involving a period of growth followed by cytokinesis. Nuclear division occurs concomitantly with growth; cytokinesis involves the segmentation of a multinucleate protoplast into uninucleate daughter protoplasts (preautospores) by simultaneous multiple fission. Daughter cell number, although variable, is usually an integral of 2 n or 2 n - 2 n-2 . Numbers in the 2 n – 2 n - 2 series are believed to result from the degeneration of one nucleus in the tetranucleate stage followed by subsequent growth and division.
Race, Ethnicity, Psychosocial Factors, and Telomere Length in a Multicenter Setting (2016)

Laboratory methods and population characteristics that differ by center can influence telomere length associations in multicenter settings, but these effects could be addressed through statistical adjustments. Proper evaluation of potential sources of bias can allow for combined multicenter analyses and may resolve some inconsistencies in reporting of LTL associations. Further, biologic effects on LTL may differ under certain psychosocial and racial/ethnic circumstances and could impact future health disparity studies.
Calix[4]resorcinarenetetrathiol Modified Gold Electrodes: Applications to the Adsorption and Electrochemical Determination of N‐Nitrosamines (2004)

Abstract Preliminary results reported in this paper relate to the capture, retention and subsequent analysis of cationic N ‐nitrosamines, from aqueous solutions, at calix[4]resorcinarenetetrathiol modified gold electrodes. Adsorptive stripping voltammetric regimes at electrodes of this type have allowed quantifications of N ‐nitroso‐ N ‐butyl‐ N ‐propylamine down to concentrations of 10 −10 M. Calix coatings have been shown, in certain cases, to allow an enhancement in the adsorptive uptake and subsequent analysis of N ‐nitrosamines in solution in comparison to signals obtained at bare gold electrodes, although the coatings may become saturated when higher concentrations or when longer preaccumulative deposition times are employed.
Diffusion of free trions in mixed-type quantum wells (1997)

We show that an emission line which depends on the simultaneous presence of excitons and < 2 × 1010cm−2 electrons in a 20 nm GaAs quantum well is due to free negatively charged excitons or ‘trions’. Using time- and spatially-resolved photoluminescence, we find that trions and excitons are localized at 5 K, and with increasing bath temperature both species become mobile. The diffusivity of trions and excitons increases linearly with bath temperature, and the trion mobility is found to be about one-half the exciton mobility.
In Vivo Mechanisms Underlying Dopamine Release from Rat Nigrostriatal Terminals: II. Studies Using Potassium and Tyramine (1990)

The brain microdialysis technique has been used to examine the in vivo effects of potassium and tyramine on dopamine (DA) release and metabolism in the striatum of halothane-anaesthetised rats. Increasing the concentration of potassium perfusing the dialysis probe (30-120 mM) induced a dose-related efflux of DA. A dose-related release of DA was also observed following addition of tyramine (1-100 microM) to the perfusing buffer. High concentrations of potassium were found to reduce the dialysate content of the DA metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid and the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. No such effect was observed even when using the highest concentration of tyramine tested. Potassium-evoked DA release was facilitated by pretreatment with the DA uptake inhibitor nomifensine, was inhibited by depletion of extracellular calcium, and was not significantly affected by tetrodotoxin (TTX). The effect of tyramine on DA efflux was inhibited by nomifensine and was insensitive to both TTX and calcium depletion. These data suggest that potassium and tyramine induce release of DA via different mechanisms. Potassium-induced DA release involves a carrier-independent process and may utilise an exocytotic release mechanism. On the other hand, tyramine-induced DA release would appear to involve a carrier-dependent process. Depletion of vesicular stores of DA by pretreatment with reserpine did not significantly affect potassium-induced DA release, whereas a marked inhibition of the effects of tyramine was noted. However, in reserpinised animals the potassium-induced release of DA was inhibited by nomifensine, a result suggesting that a carrier-dependent release mechanism operates in the absence of vesicular DA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phenanthridin‐3‐one Derivatives: Non‐Steroidal Inhibitors of Steroid 5‐α‐Reductase. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Insight into RF power requirements and B1 field homogeneity for human MRI via rigorous FDTD approach (2007)

With variable phase/amplitude excitation, as a function of frequency, the peak-then-decrease relation observed in the upper axial slices of brain with quadrature excitation becomes more evident in the lower slices as well. Additionally, homogeneity optimization targeted at minimizing the ratio of maximum/minimum B(1) (+) field intensity within the region of interest, typically results in increased RF power requirements (standard deviation was not considered in this study). Increasing the number of excitation ports, however, can result in significant RF power reduction.
Life-Stories Across Borders : Intercultural Dialogue Program for Mutual Understanding (2022)

이 논문은 한국사회의 집단 간 갈등과 차별문제를 극복하기 위해 지난 10년 동안 시행해 온 ‘경계를 넘는 삶이야기’란 ‘문화간 대화’ 프로그램에 대해 소개한다. ‘문화간 대화’는 문화적 배경이 다른 사람들이 서로의 차이를 인정하며 열린 자세로 소통함으로써 편견을 극복하고 평등한 관계를 만들 수 있도록 구조화된 집단대화 방식이다.<BR> ‘문화간 대화’의 가장 중요한 매개체는 ‘공감’이다. ‘경계를 넘는 삶이야기’ 프로그램은 각자 자신이 살아온 삶에 대해 진솔하게 이야기하고 다른 참가자들이 열린 마음으로 이해하고자 경청하고 질문하는 방식으로 진행했다. 다른 문화배경의 참가자들이 서로의 관점에 대해 개방적 태도를 가지고 상대방의 입장에서 이해하는 공감대화가 이루어 질 수 있도록, 모두가 존중받는 평등한 대화 조건을 마련했다.<BR> ‘경계를 넘는 삶이야기’는 다른 집단 사람에 대한 편견을 바꾸는 계기가 되었다. 참가자들은 자신의 이야기를 다른 사람들이 경청하는 것만으로도 존중받고 치유되는 느낌이라고 했다. 다른 집단 참가자가 살아온 이야기에 공감하면서 그동안 당연하게 여겼던 자신의 문화적 가치관을 다른 관점에서 이해하게 되었고, 새로운 공동체적 연대의식을 경험하는 계기가 되었다고 했다.<BR> 남북한 및 한민족 구성원, 다문화 이주민뿐만 아니라 세대, 성별, 계급, 이념에 따른 가치관 차이로 갈등하고 있는 사회집단 간의 상호이해의 도구로 응용할 수 있도록 프로그램의 구성 및 진행, 마무리와 평가 등 구체적인 추진방법을 실천 경험을 토대로 소개하였다.
mRNA Vaccine with Antigen-Specific Checkpoint Blockade Induces an Enhanced Immune Response against Established Melanoma (2017)

We reported a preclinical cancer vaccine that simultaneously introduced an mRNA antigen and an immune checkpoint blocking siRNA into the antigen-presenting cells. This was achieved by formulating both nucleic acid-based immunotherapeutics into a lipid-coated calcium phosphate (LCP) nanoparticle (NP) as a carrier to address the delivery challenge. The PEGylated lipid NPs were functionalized with mannose as the targeting ligand to facilitate the preferential uptake by the dendritic cells (DCs) in the lymph nodes after subcutaneous administration. The calcium phosphate core allowed acid-mediated dissolution in the endo-lysosomal compartment, which prompted rapid release of cargoes after cellular internalization of NP. LCP mRNA vaccine encoding TRP2 elicited a robust antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell response and a humoral immune response in a C57BL/6 mouse model of B16F10 melanoma. The immune responses efficaciously inhibited the melanoma growth. Moreover, co-delivery of PD-L1 siRNA and mRNA vaccine resulted in the downregulation of PD-L1 in the DCs that presented tumor antigens, significantly prompting T cell activation and proliferation. The enhanced T cell response had a profound inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis. Generally, the work provided a paradigm for the development of an mRNA vaccine carrier to boost the anticancer immune response.
Synthesis of (+/−)-Clusianone:  High-Yielding Bridgehead and Diketone Substitutions by Regioselective Lithiation of Enol Ether Derivatives of Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-triones (2006)

[Structure: see text] A concise synthesis of the polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol natural product, clusianone, in racemic form, is described. An Effenburger cyclization generated a core bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-trione structure, which was then elaborated by means of regioselective lithiation reactions.