gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Could Radiotherapy Effectiveness Be Enhanced by Electromagnetic Field Treatment? (2013)

One of the main goals in radiobiology research is to enhance radiotherapy effectiveness without provoking any increase in toxicity. In this context, it has been proposed that electromagnetic fields (EMFs), known to be modulators of proliferation rate, enhancers of apoptosis and inductors of genotoxicity, might control tumor recruitment and, thus, provide therapeutic benefits. Scientific evidence shows that the effects of ionizing radiation on cellular compartments and functions are strengthened by EMF. Although little is known about the potential role of EMFs in radiotherapy (RT), the radiosensitizing effect of EMFs described in the literature could support their use to improve radiation effectiveness. Thus, we hypothesized that EMF exposure might enhance the ionizing radiation effect on tumor cells, improving the effects of RT. The aim of this paper is to review reports of the effects of EMFs in biological systems and their potential therapeutic benefits in radiotherapy.
Microwave imaging via space-time beamforming for early detection of breast cancer (2002)

A backscatter-based microwave imaging technique that compensates for frequency-dependent propagation effects is proposed for detecting early-stage breast cancer. An array of antennas is located near the surface of the breast and an ultrawideband pulse is transmitted sequentially from each antenna. The received backscattered signals are passed through a space-time beamformer that is designed to image backscattered signal energy as a function of location. As a consequence of the significant dielectric-properties contrast between normal and malignant tissue, locations corresponding to malignant tumors are associated with large energy levels in the image. The effectiveness of these algorithms is demonstrated using simulated backscattered signals obtained from an anatomically realistic MRI-derived computational electromagnetic breast model. Very small (2 mm) malignant tumors embedded within the complex fibroglandular structure of the breast are easily detected above the background clutter.
A General Framework for Depth Compression and Multi-Sensor Fusion in Asymmetric View-Plus-Depth 3D Representation (2020)

We present a general framework which can handle different processing stages of the three-dimensional (3D) scene representation referred to as “view-plus-depth” (V+Z). The main component of the framework is the relation between the depth map and the super-pixel segmentation of the color image. We propose a hierarchical super-pixel segmentation which keeps the same boundaries between hierarchical segmentation layers. Such segmentation allows for a corresponding depth segmentation, decimation and reconstruction with varying quality and is instrumental in tasks such as depth compression and 3D data fusion. For the latter we utilize a cross-modality reconstruction filter which is adaptive to the size of the refining super-pixel segments. We propose a novel depth encoding scheme, which includes specific arithmetic encoder and handles misalignment outliers. We demonstrate that our scheme is especially applicable for low bit-rate depth encoding and for fusing color and depth data, where the latter is noisy and with lower spatial resolution.
On Information Asymmetry in Competitive Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: Convergence and Optimality (2020)

In this work, we study the system of interacting non-cooperative two Q-learning agents, where one agent has the privilege of observing the other's actions. We show that this information asymmetry can lead to a stable outcome of population learning, which generally does not occur in an environment of general independent learners. The resulting post-learning policies are almost optimal in the underlying game sense, i.e., they form a Nash equilibrium. Furthermore, we propose in this work a Q-learning algorithm, requiring predictive observation of two subsequent opponent's actions, yielding an optimal strategy given that the latter applies a stationary strategy, and discuss the existence of the Nash equilibrium in the underlying information asymmetrical game.
AR-13, a Celecoxib Derivative, Directly Kills Francisella In Vitro and Aids Clearance and Mouse Survival In Vivo (2017)

<i>Francisella tularensis</i> (<i>F. tularensis</i>) is the causative agent of tularemia and is classified as a Tier 1 select agent. No licensed vaccine is currently available in the United States and treatment of tularemia is confined to few antibiotics. In this study, we demonstrate that AR-13, a derivative of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib, exhibits direct <i>in vitro</i> bactericidal killing activity against <i>Francisella</i> including a type A strain of <i>F. tularensis</i> (SchuS4) and the live vaccine strain (LVS), as well as toward the intracellular proliferation of LVS in macrophages, without causing significant host cell toxicity. Identification of an AR-13-resistant isolate indicates that this compound has an intracellular target(s) and that eﬄux pumps can mediate AR-13 resistance. In the mouse model of tularemia, AR-13 treatment protected 50% of the mice from lethal LVS infection and prolonged survival time from a lethal dose of <i>F. tularensis</i> SchuS4. Combination of AR-13 with a sub-optimal dose of gentamicin protected 60% of <i>F. tularensis</i> SchuS4-infected mice from death. Taken together, these data support the translational potential of AR-13 as a lead compound for the further development of new anti-<i>Francisella</i> agents.
The Clinical Breast Exam: A Video and Animation Enhanced Self-Learning Module (2012)

Abstract Introduction The clinical breast examination is part of the female comprehensive physical exam and a component that can be difficult to teach to first- and second-year medical students due to the intimate nature of the topic. We have prepared a breast examination self-learning module (SLM) which allows the student to interactively prepare for their clinical skills experiences at their own pace. Methods The SLM covers the approach to the breast exam using a combination of videos with a clinician and a standardized patient, while also incorporating novel animations to demonstrate some of the more difficult components of the examination (e.g., the axillary exam viewed in a see-through manner). The SLM also contains numerous interactive quiz questions to reinforce specific learning points. The material presented covers materials appropriate for both first- and second-year students. Results The SLM was used in the 2011–2012 school year at the author's institution. An informal Likert scale survey was done to assess the student perception of the module. Of the 80 students who experienced the module, 48 submitted completed surveys. Of these, 85% reported feeling prepared for an upcoming standardized-patient experience on the clinical breast examination. Discussion This resource was created to prepare preclinical medical students for the clinical breast examination. The efficacy of the module lies in the incorporation of video demonstration with animation to provide instruction where video is insufficient, specifically in the axillary examination. The incorporation of self-assessment enhances retention of material learned.
Study of molecular mechanisms of pro-apoptotic activity of NCX 4040, a novel nitric oxide-releasing aspirin, in colon cancer cell lines (2007)

This study highlights the multiplicity of mechanisms involved in sensitivity or resistance to NCX 4040 and could provide useful indications for tailored therapy by identifying potentially drug-responsive tumors.
Therapeutic Evaluation of Ex Vivo-Generated Versus Natural Regulatory T-cells in a Mouse Model of Chronic Gut Inflammation (2013)

The objectives of this study were to (a) evaluate and compare the ability of ex vivo-generated induced regulatory T cells (iTregs) and freshly isolated natural Tregs (nTregs) to reverse/attenuate preexisting intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of chronic colitis and (b) quantify the Treg-targeted gene expression profiles of these two Treg populations. We found that ex vivo-generated iTregs were significantly more potent than nTregs at attenuating preexisting colitis. This superior therapeutic activity was associated with increased accumulation of iTregs within the mesenteric lymph nodes and large and significant reductions in interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17A expression in the colons of iTreg- versus nTreg-treated mice. The enhanced immunosuppressive activity of iTregs was not because of increased expression or stability of Foxp3 as iTregs and nTregs obtained from the mesenteric lymph nodes, and colons of reconstituted mice expressed similar levels of this important transcription factor. In addition, we observed a total of 27 genes that were either upregulated or downregulated in iTregs when compared with nTregs. Although iTregs were found to be superior at reversing established disease, their message levels of IL-10 and IL-35 and surface expression of the gut-homing molecules CCR9 and α4β7 were significantly reduced when compared with nTregs. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ex vivo-generated iTregs are significantly more potent than nTregs at attenuating preexisting gut inflammation despite reduced expression of classical regulatory cytokines and gut-homing molecules. Our data suggest that the immunosuppressive activity of iTregs may be because of their ability to directly or indirectly decrease expression of IL-6 and IL-17A within the inflamed bowel.
Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein Is an Essential Component of the Innate Immune Response toEscherichia coliPeritonitis in Mice (2003)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein (LBP) is an acute-phase protein that enhances the responsiveness of immune cells to LPS by virtue of its capacity to transfer LPS to CD14. To determine the role of LBP in the innate immune response to peritonitis, LBP gene-deficient (LBP(-/-)) and normal wild-type mice were intraperitoneally infected with Escherichia coli, the most common causative pathogen of this disease. LBP was detected at low concentrations in peritoneal fluid of healthy wild-type mice, and the local LBP levels increased rapidly upon induction of peritonitis. LBP(-/-) mice were highly susceptible to E. coli peritonitis, as indicated by accelerated mortality, earlier bacterial dissemination to the blood, impaired bacterial clearance in the peritoneal cavity, and more severe remote organ damage. LBP(-/-) mice displayed diminished early tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant, and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 production and attenuated recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the site of infection, indicating that acute inflammation was promoted by LBP. Locally produced LBP is an essential component of an effective innate immune response to E. coli peritonitis.
340 Effects of Mechanical Vibration on Three-dimensional Cultured Chondrocytes (2008)

The healing of articular cartilage that possesses little capacity for self-repair after having been damaged is still a clinical problem. This paper describes the effects of vibration stimulation on chondrocytes in three-dimensional culture that imitates actual articular cartilage in relation to the production of regenerative cartilage tissue, using collagen gel and artificial skin as a carrier. The obtained results are that the mechanical vibration advances the matrix production and the proliferation of chondrocytes.
Highly efficient blue-green emission from organic light-emitting diodes using dibenzochrysene derivatives (2000)

We have fabricated highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using new hole-transporting emissive materials based on dibenzochrysene. Hole drift mobilities of the dibenzochrysene derivatives were measured in the vacuum-deposited films and found to be 5×10−4–2×10−3 cm2/V s (at 5×105 V/cm). The OLEDs consist of an emitting layer of the dibenzochrysene derivative and an electron-transport layer of tris(8-quinolinolato) aluminum. Emission colors of the OLEDs were blue-green and their spectra were consistent with the photoluminescence spectra with a peak wavelength of 490 nm. High external quantum efficiency of 2% was obtained at a luminance of 300 cd/m2, and good durability in a continuous operation at room temperature and high temperatures was achieved.
A possible role for rat intestinal surfactant-like particles in transepithelial triacylglycerol transport. (1994)

To further examine whether surfactant-like particles (DeSchryver-Kecskemeti, K., R. Eliakim, S. Carroll, W. F. Stenson, M. A. Moxley, and D. H. Alpers. 1989. J. Clin. Invest. 84:1355-1361) were involved in the transepithelial transport of lipid, alkaline phosphatase activity and surfactant-like particle content were measured in apical mucosal scrapings, enterocytes, lamina propria, and serum after inhibition of chylomicron transport. Serum triacylglycerol levels were decreased 60-76% by Pluronic L-81, fenfluramine, and choline deficiency compared with fat-fed controls. 5 h after triacylglycerol feed, alkaline phosphatase activity in all three experimental groups was decreased compared with controls by 52-69% in mucosal scrapings and by 33-72% in serum. A parallel decline (60%) in alkaline phosphatase activity occurred in the lamina propria of Pluronic-treated animals. Total particle content (measured by an ELISA using antiserum against purified particle) after Pluronic treatment was decreased in mucosal scrapings, lamina propria, and serum by 16, 22, and 29% at 3 h and by 33, 40, and 8%, respectively, at 5 h after fat feeding. In contrast, particle content was increased in enterocytes by 29% 3 h and by 8% 5 h after fat feeding. By electron microscopy, enterocytes from Pluronic- and fenfluramine-treated animals exhibited a two- to threefold increase in large intracellular cytoplasmic lipid globules and the appearance of lamellae in apposition, with a marked decrease in the number of surfactant-like particles overlying the brush border. These changes, produced by inhibition of chylomicron transport, in the distribution of surfactant-like particles and particle-bound alkaline phosphatase are consistent with a role for these particles in transepithelial triacylglycerol transport across and out of the enterocyte.
A Surface-Matching Technique for Robot-Assisted Registration (2001)

Successful implementation of robot-assisted surgery (RAS) requires coherent integration of spatial image data with sensing and actuating devices, each having its own coordinate system. Hence, accurate estimation of the geometric relationships between relevant reference frames, known as registration, is a crucial procedure in all RAS applications. The purpose of this paper is to present a new registration scheme, along with the results of an experimental evaluation of a robot-assisted registration method for RAS applications in orthopedics. The accuracy of the proposed registration is appropriate for specified orthopedic surgical applications such as Total Knee Replacement. The registration method is based on a surface-matching algorithm that does not require marker implants, thereby reducing surgical invasiveness. Points on the bone surface are sampled by the robot, which in turn directs the surgical tool. This technique eliminates additional coordinate transformations to an external device (such as a digitizer), resulting in increased surgical accuracy. The registration technique was tested on an RSPR six-degrees-of-freedom parallel robot specifically designed for medical applications. A six-axis force sensor attached to the robot's moving platform enables fast and accurate acquisition of positions and surface normal directions at sampled points. Sampling with a robot probe was shown to be accurate, fast, and easy to perform. The whole procedure takes about 2 min, with the robot performing most of the registration procedures, leaving the surgeons hands free. Robotic registration was shown to provide a flawless link between preoperative planning and robotic assistance during surgery.
NO-dependent osteoclast motility: reliance on cGMP-dependent protein kinase I and VASP (2005)

The osteoclast degrades bone in cycles; between cycles, the cell is motile. Resorption occurs by acid transport into an extracellular compartment defined by an alphavbeta3 integrin ring. NO has been implicated in the regulation of bone turnover due to stretch or via estrogen signals, but a specific mechanism linking NO to osteoclastic activity has not been described. NO stimulates osteoclast motility, and at high concentrations NO causes detachment and terminates resorption. Here we demonstrate that NO regulates attachment through the cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (PKG I) via phosphorylation of the intermediate protein VASP. VASP colocalized with the alphavbeta3 ring in stationary cells, but alternating bands of VASP and alphavbeta3 occurred when motility was induced by NO donors or cGMP. Redistribution of VASP correlated with its phosphorylation. Dependency of NO-induced motility on PKG I and on VASP was shown by siRNA knockdown of each protein. VASP knockdown also altered distribution of alphavbeta3 at the attachment site. We conclude that PKG I and VASP are essential for reorganization of attachment and cytoplasmic proteins in motility induced by NO or by cGMP.
Effect of phosphorus-containing modified magnesium hydroxide on the mechanical properties and flammability of PLA/MH composites (2019)

In this study, a novel modifier (PPD-PTES) for Magnesium Hydroxide (MH) was successfully synthesized from (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and phenylphosphonic dichloride aiming to improve not only the compatibility of MH with polymer but also its efficiency. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H, 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were carried out to characterize its structure. The flammability, thermal degradation and mechanical properties of the PLA/MH composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile test. The results showed that the introduction of MH can significantly reduce the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR). Additionally, the LOI of modified MH reinforced PLA has also increased compared to the unmodified MH reinforced PLA. Further, results of tensile test proofed that the organic modification could improve the compatibility of MH with the polymer, but only slightly decrease brittleness.
Risk factors for impaired neurological outcome after thoracic aortic surgery (2022)

Identified independent risk factors for all strokes were advanced age, ATAD, arch surgery, concomitant CABG, and high ECC time. Hemodynamic and embolic strokes show distinct risk profiles.
Electronic structure of α-SrB4O7: experiment and theory (2013)

The investigation of valence band structure and electronic parameters of constituent element core levels of α-SrB(4)O(7) has been carried out with x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Optical-quality crystal α-SrB(4)O(7) has been grown by the Czochralski method. Detailed photoemission spectra of the element core levels have been recorded from the powder sample under excitation by nonmonochromatic Al Kα radiation (1486.6 eV). The band structure of α-SrB(4)O(7) has been calculated by ab initio methods and compared to XPS measurements. It has been found that the band structure of α-SrB(4)O(7) is weakly dependent on the Sr-related states.
Personal Information Access Using Proactive Search and Mobile Hypertext (2010)

A new framework combining proactive search with mobile hypertext lets mobile phone users avoid text entry and tailors search results to suit the context. Mobile phones and devices are evolving steadily, adding increasingly advanced capabilities. Today's smart phones, for example, have PClike functionality with complete operating system software that provides a platform for developers. Even phones without an operating system often have such functions as email, Internet navigation, music players, e-book readers, and GPS, in addition to the usual text messaging (short message service, SMS), camera, and phone. So now, besides holding telephone numbers and text messages, mobile phones also allow access to video clips, calendars, task lists, notes, and so on.
Differential transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression of the colony-stimulating factors by interleukin-1 and fetal bovine serum in murine fibroblasts (1991)

Colony-stimulating factors (CSF) are important factors in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), and in the survival and activation of mature blood cells. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) combined with fetal bovine serum (FBS) strongly induces the expression of macrophage-CSF (M-CSF), granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) in fibroblasts. Here, we report on the regulation of CSF gene expression in murine fibroblasts following IL-1 and FBS stimulation. We demonstrate that 10T1/2 murine fibroblasts induced by FBS or IL-1 accumulate M-CSF messenger RNA (mRNA). G-CSF mRNA expression was induced by IL-1, and not by FBS. For GM-CSF expression, induction with both FBS and IL-1 was required. Blocking studies with actinomycin-D showed that active transcription is essential for accumulation of all three CSF mRNAs. After blocking protein synthesis with cycloheximide, IL-1- or FBS-induced M-CSF expression and IL-1 plus FBS-induced GM-CSF expression still occurred and was increased. IL-1-induced G-CSF expression was completely prevented in these cells by pretreatment with cycloheximide, illustrating that, for this effect, intermediate protein synthesis was required. The half-lives of M-CSF transcripts were not substantially altered by addition of IL-1, FBS, or FBS plus IL-1. Using nuclear run-on assays, we demonstrated that the transcription rate of M-CSF was increased up to 20-fold by the addition of FBS, IL-1, or FBS plus IL-1. After blocking protein synthesis with cycloheximide, IL-1-or FBS-induced increase in M-CSF transcription rate was also observed. GM-CSF transcription increased up to fourfold after induction with FBS or IL-1. G-CSF transcription rate was not altered by FBS or IL-1. Our results indicate that M-CSF expression induced by FBS or IL-1 in these fibroblasts is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level. GM-CSF expression appears to be regulated both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally, and G-CSF expression is regulated mainly at the posttranscriptional level.
A filtered bucket-clustering method for Projection onto the Simplex and the l1 ball (2017)

National audience
A selective epitaxial SiGe/Si planar photodetector for Si-based OEIC's (1997)

A P-i-N SiGe/Si superlattice photodetector with a planar structure has been developed for Si-based opto-electronic integrated circuits. To make the planar structure, a novel SiGe/Si selective epitaxial growth technology which uses cold wall ultrahigh-vacuum/chemical vapor deposition has been newly developed. The P-i-N planar SiGe/Si photodetector has an undoped 30-/spl Aring/ Si/sub 0.9/Ge/sub 0.1//320-/spl Aring/ Si, 30 periods, superlattice absorption layer, a 0.1-/spl mu/m P-Si buffer layer, and a 0.2-/spl mu/m P/sup +/-Si contact layer on a bonded silicon-on-insulator (/spl eta//sub ext/). The bonded SOI is used to increase the external quantum efficiency (/spl eta//sub ext/) of the photodetector. Moreover, a 63-/spl mu/m deep/128-/spl mu/m wide trench, to achieve simple and stable coupling of an optical fiber to the photodetector, is formed in the silicon chip. The P-i-N planar photodetector exhibits a high /spl eta//sub ext/ of 25-29% with a low dark current of 0.5 pA//spl mu/m/sup 2/ and a high-frequency photo response of 10.5 GHz at /spl lambda/=0.98 /spl mu/m.