gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo stability of diluted recombinant factor VIII for continuous infusion use in haemophilia A (2009)

Factor VIII (FVIII) replacement by continuous infusion (CI) is used postoperatively or after significant bleeding. For young paediatric patients, CI may require FVIII dilution. Variable stabilities of diluted full-length recombinant FVIII Kogenate FS (KG-FS) have been reported under different storage conditions. We investigated the recovery and stability of diluted KG-FS in vitro and in vivo. Kogenate FS was diluted to 50-120 U mL(-1) and its recovery and stability in glass vials or polypropylene syringes was determined. Furthermore, stability of KG-FS diluted to 80 U mL(-1)'administered' via single- and double-pump mock CI systems was tested. Finally, the in vivo stability of KG-FS diluted to approximately 60 U mL(-1) and administered postsurgically by CI with the double-pump to a paediatric patient with severe haemophilia A undergoing implantable venous access device placement was investigated. Initial KG-FS dilution resulted in a 10-20% FVIII loss; a further 25-30% loss occurred over 72 h in vials or syringes. With the double-pump, 1 h recovery was 35%, increasing to 80% by 24 h; the initial losses were because of the Y-infusion of a 10-fold larger volume of saline concomitantly with the FVIII. In vivo, CI resulted in stable FVIII activity levels within the target range. These in vitro results are important for the generation of CI guidelines for diluted KG-FS in the paediatric haemophilic population. That FVIII losses occur upon dilution and with the double-pump does not preclude use of diluted KG-FS. Indeed, stable FVIII levels were maintained when diluted KG-FS was administered by CI with the double-pump to a paediatric patient postsurgically.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Nanostructured Cathode Materials for Lithium Batteries (2007)

1 Results For electrode materials in lithium batteries,a high surface area can provide higher electrode/electrolyte contact areas,thus eventually causing the shorter diffusion paths with the particles,and provides more facile intercalation for Li ions[1-4].In addition,reduced strain of intercalation and contributions from charge storage at the surface may also contribute to Li capacity,compared with bulk counterparts.In this regard,I am going to talk about the preparation and electrochemical properties o...
Novel dielectric behavior of ferroelectric liquid crystals and high-field effects (1988)

Extremely large spontaneous polarization (>10/sup -7/ C/cm/sup 2/) and permittivity (>10000) are observed in appropriately designed ferroelectric liquid crystals. The permittivity and its temperature dependence are found to be influenced strongly by the electric field and a wall effect. These results are discussed in terms of a phenomenological thermodynamic theory. New applications of ferroelectric liquid crystals are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-Amino-4-aryl-piperidine Derivatives as BACE 1 Inhibitors (2006)

BACE 1 (<TEX>$\beta$</TEX>-secretase), a membrane bound aspartic protease, is a key enzyme in the process of amyloid precursor protein (APP) into A<TEX>$\beta$</TEX> peptide which is considered to play a causative role in Alzheimers Disease (AD). Here, we reported the synthesis and inhibitory activity of optically active 3-amino-4-aryl-piperidines.
Design of Length-Compatible Polar Codes Based on the Reduction of Polarizing Matrices (2013)

Length-compatible polar codes are a class of polar codes which can support a wide range of lengths with a single pair of encoder and decoder. In this paper we propose a method to construct length-compatible polar codes by employing the reduction of the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> × 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> polarizing matrix proposed by Arikan. The conditions under which a reduced matrix becomes a polarizing matrix supporting a polar code of a given length are first analyzed. Based on these conditions, length-compatible polar codes are constructed in a suboptimal way by codeword-puncturing and information-refreezing processes. They have low encoding and decoding complexity since they can be encoded and decoded in a similar way as a polar code of length 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> . Numerical results show that length-compatible polar codes designed by the proposed method provide a performance gain of about 1.0 - 5.0 dB over those obtained by random puncturing when successive cancellation decoding is employed.
Porous acrylic cement (1977)

The use of acrylic bone cement has a number of shortcomings, viz., high curing temperatures that can cause thermal necrosis, release of toxic monomer, and a less than perfect cement-to-bone bond. However, by modifying the cement composition through the addition of a soluble, nontoxic filler such as sucrose or tricalcium phosphate which does not impair the workability of the material during surgery, a significant improvement in the performance of the cement can be achieved. Because the filler replaces part of the acrylic components, less heat is generated during curing while the filler itself acts as a heat sink. Also, less monomer, proportional to the amount replaced by the filler, diffuses from the implant site. Upon elution of the filler, a porous cement will be obtained provided that a critical minimum percentage loading is exceeded so that the filler crystals will make physical contact with each other. The value of this percentage depends on both crystal modification and size. In the 125-175 micron sucrose crystal size range, the critical minimum percentage lies in the range of 20-28 wt% loading. Above 30%, the interconnecting pore size increases sharply to a value which allows good tissue ingrowth into the pores. The introduction of filler and pores causes a drop in strength, but the diametral tensile strength of modified cement containing up to 40% pores and sucrose lies between .7 and 1.5 kg/mm2, respectively, which is still in the same range as that of bone.
Quantitative 1H NMR with External Standards:  Use in Preparation of Calibration Solutions for Algal Toxins and Other Natural Products (2005)

We examine the use of external standards for quantitative measurement by 1H NMR of solution concentrations of natural products and other low molecular weight, hydrogen-containing compounds and show that precision and accuracy ca. 1% is obtainable with a commercial 11.7 T spectrometer when standards and analytes are contained in separate but identical sealed precision glass NMR tubes. Numerous factors contributing to the intensity of the NMR signals are evaluated. Precise measurements of 360 degrees pulse lengths for each sample provide direct corrections for variations in probe Q-factor that enable samples in different solvents to be compared, provided single-coil excitation and detection is used throughout. Samples need not be prepared in deuterated solvents if the 1H spectra of the solvents are simple enough for peak suppression by presaturation. The approach is particularly suitable for hazardous materials kept in sealed tubes and for the preparation of certified calibration solution reference materials for use with LC-MS and other techniques where deuterated solvents should be avoided.
ChemInform Abstract: Protonation‐Triggered Generation of Acylcobalt Species from Alkyne—[Co2(CO)6] Complexes and Their Reaction with Alkenes. (2013)

Abstract Acylcobalt species generated by treatment of alkyne—[Co 2 (CO) 6 ] complexes with a combination of AcOH and pyridine as promoter, undergo addition reactions with various alkenes to give the corresponding alkyl alkenyl ketones instead of Pauson—Khand products.
Aneurysms Increase the Risk of Rebleeding After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Hemorrhagic Arteriovenous Malformations (2012)

When an aneurysm is identified in patients with arteriovenous malformations selected for SRS, additional endovascular or surgical strategies should be considered to reduce the risk of bleeding during the latency interval.
1.17-μm highly strained GaInAs-GaAs quantum-well laser (1999)

Excellent lasing properties and temperature characteristic of a highly strained 1.17-μm GaInAs-GaAs double-quantum-well laser are reported. We show that a strained buffer layer, which is employed in the device, has no tradeoff on the device performance. For a 1500-μm-long laser with cleaved facets a threshold current density of 200 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is achieved. A transparency current density of 180 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is estimated for as cleaved devices. A record high characteristic temperature in this wavelength range of 150 K is achieved.
Optimization of (Arylpiperazinylbutyl)oxindoles Exhibiting Selective 5-HT7Receptor Antagonist Activity (2011)

A series of (arylpiperazinylbutyl)oxindoles as highly potent 5-HT(7) receptor antagonists has been studied for their selectivity toward the 5-HT(1A) receptor and α(1)-adrenoceptor. Several derivatives exhibited high 5-HT(7)/5-HT(1A) selectivity, and the key structural factors for reducing undesired α(1)-adrenergic receptor binding have also been identified. Rapid metabolism, a common problem within this family of compounds, could be circumvented with appropriate substitution patterns on the oxindole carbocycle. Contrary to expectations, none of the compounds produced an antidepressant-like action in the forced swimming test in mice despite sufficiently high brain concentrations. On the other hand, certain analogues showed significant anxiolytic activity in two different animal models: the Vogel conflict drinking test in rats and the light-dark test in mice.
The Electronic Nose in Respiratory Medicine (2012)

Several volatile organic compounds have been identified in exhaled breath in healthy subjects and patients with respiratory diseases by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Identification of selective patterns of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath could be used as a biomarker of inflammatory lung diseases. An electronic nose (e-nose) is an artificial sensor system that generally consists of an array of chemical sensors for detection of volatile organic compound profiles (breathprints) and an algorithm for pattern recognition. E-noses are handheld, portable devices that provide immediate results. E-noses discriminate between patients with respiratory disease, including asthma, COPD and lung cancer, and healthy control subjects, and also among patients with different respiratory diseases. E-nose breathprints are associated with airway inflammation activity. In combination with other 'omics' platforms, e-nose technology might contribute to the identification of new surrogate markers of pulmonary inflammation and subphenotypes of patients with respiratory diseases, provide a molecular basis to a personalized pharmacological treatment, and facilitate the development of new drugs.
Activation of MAP2-kinase in B lymphocytes by calcium ionophores. (1994)

The role of increases in intracellular calcium levels on tyrosine phosphorylation in human B lymphocytes was studied. Stimulation of normal, resting B lymphocytes or B lymphoblastoid cells with the calcium ionophores ionomycin or A23187 induced the tyrosine phosphorylation and the enzymatic activation of microtubule-associated protein-2 kinase (MAP2-K). Treatment of these cells with PMA induced tyrosine phosphorylation of a protein with the identical mobility, as well as the enzymatic activation of MAP2-K. Stimulation of these cells with ionomycin also resulted in increased ribosomal S6 kinase activity. Activation of MAP2-K in B lymphocytes by calcium ionophore was rapid (detectable within 1 min), transient (returning to background levels by 45 min), and dependent on extracellular calcium. These results demonstrate that transmembrane calcium flux induced by calcium ionophore results in the tyrosine phosphorylation and enzymatic activation of MAP2-K in human B cells.
Attentive Composite Residual Network for Robust Rain Removal from Single Images (2020)

In rainy conditions, imaging devices often capture degraded and blurry images. Most existing works on this problem focus on rain streak removal, but these approaches cannot handle the various types of rain found in images. In this paper, we propose a robust rain removal method for use with single images using an attentive composite residual network. We put forth a single-to-dual encoder-decoder structure, which consists of an attentive net that identifies regions containing rain components during encoding, followed by a dual-channel architecture which recovers the background and detail components of the identified regions during decoding. For the detail subnet, we designed a novel building block, namely a composite residual block (CRB), by constructing multiple residual connections among Res2Net modules. Additionally, we designed another attentive-CRB for the attentive net that uses a squeeze-and-excitation (SE)-Res2Net module, to build a channel-wise attention mechanism. We show that such a deep network can be trained end-to-end from rainy images and that it outperforms the previous state-of-the-art methods on datasets containing different types of rainy images. Experimental results also demonstrate the proposed model's superiority over the competitor's on real rain-affected images, recovering visually clean images and retaining good detail.
Deep Sub-Surface Eddies in the Gulf of Mexico (2018)

The study is focused on the analysis of the kinematic structure and dynamics of eddy currents that develop in sub-surface layers of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM); that is, eddy currents that do not have a clear surface signature. Such eddies have a weak surface expression and therefore are difficult to detect and monitor based on remote sensing data. Although in the past studies of such eddies received certain attention, our understanding of their characteristics, generation mechanisms, and dynamics remains poor, due to the lack of direct measurements and process-oriented modeling studies. In our study, we use publicly available current profile data, collected in the GOM to meet the requirements of data collection associated with the regulations imposed by the US government, in combination with the surface drifter data used to describe the oceanographic context behind the measurements and results from the HYCOM, Mercator, and TOPS hydrodynamic models. The results of our analyses show that, for the most part, these sub-surface events appear to correspond with the presence of cyclonic eddies. The surface signature of the eddies is usually weak, but the near-surface drifting buoys do pick up the circulation. Also, in some cases, the maps of surface currents reveal the presence of a Loop Current Eddy in the vicinity of a deep sub-surface flow, suggesting frontal instabilities that lead to the development of meso-scale (mostly cold-core) features along frontal boundaries as a plausible eddy generation mechanism. Our comparison of model data with observations, for the periods of the occurrence of deep subsurface flows, did not reveal any signatures of deep sub-surface flows in the outputs of the hydrodynamic models. Moreover, screening of the model data for the presence of deep sub-surface flows with a weak surface expression did not turn up even a single such case, suggesting that the models do not have the right physics to resolve deep subsurface flows. The latter result emphasizes the timeliness of the study for a better understanding of flow dynamics in the GOM.
SHORT COMMUNICATION No difference found in ribosomal DNA sequences from physiologically diverse clones of Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae) from the Gulf of Mexico (2002)

a major harmful algal bloom species in the Gulf of Mexico (Steidinger and Penta, 1999). Karenia brevis is distributed widely in offshore waters of the Gulf, where it normally occurs at very low abundance (<100 cell l–1) (Geesey and Tester, 1993). At bloom concentration, the potent neurotoxin produced by these cells can result in fish kills, shellfish toxicity, and can cause respiratory distress in humans from inhaled sea spray. K. brevis blooms have been a consistent feature of the west Florida shelf for the past 20 years (Tester and Steidinger, 1997). Their frequency has increased along the Texas coast with as many reported blooms in the 1990s as in the previous four decades (Villareal et al., 2001). The origin of K. brevis blooms, however, remains poorly understood. Physiological diversity may exist among isolates of K. brevis. Florida clones have a reported minimum and maximum salinity tolerance of 22.5 and 46 psu, respectively (Aldrich and Wilson, 1960). In recent experiments, salinity tolerance varied from 24 to 45 psu for Texas clone SP3 (Magana, 2001). Yet, K. brevis was found at salinities as low as 5 psu in coastal waters off Mississippi and Louisiana, suggesting that some K. brevis populations can survive at much lower salinities than those previously reported (Dortch et al., 1998). Toxin production by K. brevis also appears to vary
Data from A Modular Analysis of Breast Cancer Reveals a Novel Low-Grade Molecular Signature in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Previous reports using genome-wide gene expression data to classify breast tumors have typically used standard unsupervised or supervised techniques, both of which have known limitations. We hypothesized that novel clinically relevant information could be revealed in these data sets by an alternative analytic approach. Using a recently described algorithm, signature analysis (SA), we identified “modules,” comprising groups of tightly coexpressed genes that are conditionally linked to particular tumors, in a series of breast tumor gene expression profiles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design and Results:&lt;/b&gt; The SA successfully identified multiple breast cancer modules specifically linked to distinct biological functions. We identified a novel module, TuM1, whose presence was not readily discernible by conventional clustering techniques. The TuM1 module is expressed in a subset of estrogen receptor (ER)–positive tumors and is significantly enriched with genes involved in apoptosis and cell death. Clinically, TuM1-expressing tumors are associated with low histopathologic grade, and this association is independent of the inherent ER status of a tumor. We confirmed the robustness and general applicability of TuM1 module by demonstrating its association with low tumor grade in multiple independent breast cancer data sets generated using different array technologies. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt;, the TuM1 module is down-regulated in ER+ MCF7 cells upon treatment with tamoxifen, suggesting that TuM1 expression may be dependent on active signaling by ER. Initial data is also suggestive that TuM1 expression may be clinically associated with a patient's response to antihormonal therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Our results suggest that modular-based approaches toward gene expression data can prove useful in identifying novel, robust, and biologically relevant signatures even from data sets that have been the subject of substantial prior analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Radiative losses of a birdcage resonator (1993)

We present a derivation of the losses in a birdcage resonator due to radiation. We also present an expression for the radiation limited Q. It is shown that in head coil imaging at 63 MHz radiative losses may account for 20% of the total loss with a radiation limited Q on the order of 150. The results are shown to be consistent with those reported in the recent literature.
ChemInform Abstract: New Pyrazole Sulfonylureas. Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Alkenyloxystyrene Monomers for High-Temperature Adhesives and Sealants (1997)

Cationically curable compositions derived from 4-allyloxy-styrene monomers have been found to be useful for the production of UV and heat curable adhesives and sealants having outstanding thermal resistance properties. The monomer compositions are cured in two stages: firstly, by a UV initiated cationic polymerization, and secondly, by a thermally promoted Claisen Rearrangement, to yield an activated phenolic polymer. On formation, the Claisen product undergoes a rapid intermolecular electrophilic addition of the rearranged alkenyl group, to produce a highly crosslinked and chemically resistant polymer having a decomposition temperature in excess of 400°C. The chemical and physical properties of the new adhesive materials are described in this review.
Laser-Assisted Field Evaporation and Three-Dimensional Atom-by-Atom Mapping of Diamond Isotopic Homojunctions (2016)

It addition to its high evaporation field, diamond is also known for its limited photoabsorption, strong covalent bonding, and wide bandgap. These characteristics have been thought for long to also complicate the field evaporation of diamond and make its control hardly achievable on the atomistic-level. Herein, we demonstrate that the unique behavior of nanoscale diamond and its interaction with pulsed laser lead to a controlled field evaporation thus enabling three-dimensional atom-by-atom mapping of diamond (12)C/(13)C homojunctions. We also show that one key element in this process is to operate the pulsed laser at high energy without letting the dc bias increase out of bounds for diamond nanotip to withstand. Herein, the role of the dc bias in evaporation of diamond is essentially to generate free charge carriers within the nanotip via impact ionization. The mobile free charges screen the internal electric field, eventually creating a hole rich surface where the pulsed laser is effectively absorbed leading to an increase in the nanotip surface temperature. The effect of this temperature on the uncertainty in the time-of-flight of an ion, the diffusion of atoms on the surface of the nanotip, is also discussed. In addition to paving the way toward a precise manipulation of isotopes in diamond-based nanoscale and quantum structures, this result also elucidates some of the basic properties of dielectric nanostructures under high electric field.