gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-Band Dual-Sense Circularly-Polarized CPW-Fed Slot Antenna With Two Spiral Slots Loaded (2009)

A novel design of a dual-band dual-sense circularly-polarized CPW-fed slot antenna with two spiral slots loaded is presented. The two loaded spiral slots in the ground plane can result in different senses of circular polarization. The dual-band operation is achieved by using the T-shape strip. The ratio of two frequencies is 1.375. The antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured. It is shown that the proposed antenna has good circular polarization characteristic. The measured 10 dB return loss impedance bandwidths are 8.7% for the lower band (RHCP) and 23% for the upper band (LHCP). The measured 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidths are 8.4% and 19.24%, with respect to 1.6 GHz (RHCP) and 2.2 GHz (LHCP), respectively.
Sensitivity and specificity of seizure‐onset zone estimation by ictal magnetoencephalography (2012)

Sources of ictal-onset MEG signals and interictal dipole clusters are essentially equally specific in estimation of the ictal-onset zone on lobar surface resolution, but ictal MEG is more sensitive. On the lobe resolution, ictal MEG estimates ictal-onset zone with high sensitivity and specificity.
Exploiting Interslice Correlation for MRI Prostate Image Segmentation, from Recursive Neural Networks Aspect (2018)

Segmentation of the prostate from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in prostate cancer diagnosis. However, the lack of clear boundary and significant variation of prostate shapes and appearances make the automatic segmentation very challenging. In the past several years, approaches based on deep learning technology have made significant progress on prostate segmentation. However, those approaches mainly paid attention to features and contexts within each single slice of a 3D volume. As a result, this kind of approaches faces many difficulties when segmenting the base and apex of the prostate due to the limited slice boundary information. To tackle this problem, in this paper, we propose a deep neural network with bidirectional convolutional recurrent layers for MRI prostate image segmentation. In addition to utilizing the intraslice contexts and features, the proposed model also treats prostate slices as a data sequence and utilizes the interslice contexts to assist segmentation. The experimental results show that the proposed approach achieved significant segmentation improvement compared to other reported methods.
An effective method of deblocking filter for H.264/AVC (2007)

In order to reduce the blocking artifacts in the video frames, the latest video standard H.264/AVC introduces an in-loop deblocking filter technique. The main drawback of the filter is its high computational complexity. Among the process of this filter, the most computational resource consumed is the determination of Bs, so in this paper we propose an optimized pre-judging Bs method to reduce the computational complexity. The computer simulation results indicate that our proposed algorithm can decrease 69.4% ~76.9% computing time compared to the JM filter algorithm, and the PSNR of ours is the same to that of JM.
New Generation UV-A Filters: Understanding Their Photodynamics on a Human Skin Mimic (2020)

The sparsity of efficient commercial ultraviolet-A (UV-A) filters is a major challenge toward developing effective broadband sunscreens with minimal human- and eco-toxicity. To combat this, we have designed a new class of Meldrum-based phenolic UV-A filters. We explore the ultrafast photodynamics of coumaryl Meldrum, CMe, and sinapyl Meldrum (SMe), both in an industry-standard emollient and on a synthetic skin mimic, using femtosecond transient electronic and vibrational absorption spectroscopies and computational simulations. Upon photoexcitation to the lowest excited singlet state (S<sub>1</sub>), these Meldrum-based phenolics undergo fast and efficient nonradiative decay to repopulate the electronic ground state (S<sub>0</sub>). We propose an initial ultrafast twisted intramolecular charge-transfer mechanism as these systems evolve out of the Franck-Condon region toward an S<sub>1</sub>/S<sub>0</sub> conical intersection, followed by internal conversion to S<sub>0</sub> and subsequent vibrational cooling. Importantly, we correlate these findings to their long-term photostability upon irradiation with a solar simulator and conclude that these molecules surpass the basic requirements of an industry-standard UV filter.
Supplementary Figure 3 from The Nedd8-Activating Enzyme Inhibitor MLN4924 Thwarts Microenvironment-Driven NF-κB Activation and Induces Apoptosis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MLN4924-induced apoptosis is accompanied by loss of canonical NFÃŽÂºB activation. CLL cells were co-cultured with CD40L-expressing stroma for 24 hours in the presence or absence of 10 ng/ml IL4. Thereafter, cell were incubated with 1 ÃŽÂ¼M MLN4924 for 24 hours and immunostained with p65 and cleaved PARP antibodies. Nuclei were counterstained with 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole. A representative case (out of 3) is shown.&lt;/p&gt;
Contribution of small conductance K+ channels to sinoatrial node pacemaker activity: insights from atrial‐specific Na+/Ca2+ exchange knockout mice (2017)

Small conductance K<sup>+</sup> (SK) channels have been implicated as modulators of spontaneous depolarization and electrical conduction that may be involved in cardiac arrhythmia. However, neither their presence nor their contribution to sinoatrial node (SAN) pacemaker activity has been investigated. Using quantitative PCR (q-PCR), immunostaining and patch clamp recordings of membrane current and voltage, we identified all three SK isoforms (SK1, SK2 and SK3) in mouse SAN. Inhibition of SK channels with the specific blocker apamin prolonged action potentials (APs) in isolated SAN cells. Apamin also slowed diastolic depolarization and reduced pacemaker rate in isolated SAN cells and intact tissue. We investigated whether the Ca<sup>2+</sup> -sensitive nature of SK channels could explain arrhythmic SAN pacemaker activity in the atrial-specific Na<sup>+</sup> /Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchange (NCX) knockout (KO) mouse, a model of cellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> overload. SAN cells isolated from the NCX KO exhibited higher SK current than wildtype (WT) and apamin prolonged their APs. SK blockade partially suppressed the arrhythmic burst pacing pattern of intact NCX KO SAN tissue. We conclude that SK channels have demonstrable effects on SAN pacemaking in the mouse. Their Ca<sup>2+</sup> -dependent activation translates changes in cellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> into a repolarizing current capable of modulating regular pacemaking. This Ca<sup>2+</sup> dependence also promotes abnormal automaticity when these channels are hyperactivated by elevated Ca<sup>2+</sup> . We propose SK channels as a potential target for modulating SAN rate, and for treating patients affected by SAN dysfunction, particularly in the setting of Ca<sup>2+</sup> overload.
Rhinovirus Infections and Their Roles in Asthma: Etiology and Exacerbations (2022)

Rhinovirus infections can cause wheezing illnesses in all age groups. In preschool children, rhinovirus infections frequently initiate acute wheezing illnesses. Children who wheeze with rhinoviruses are at increased risk to go on to develop asthma. Once asthma is established, rhinovirus infections are potent triggers for acute airway obstruction and exacerbations in children and adults. Paradoxically, for most individuals, rhinovirus infections commonly cause cold symptoms with little or no involvement of the lower airways. This paradox has led investigators to identify specific risk factors and mechanisms for rhinovirus wheezing, and this review will outline progress in 3 main areas. First, the 3 species of rhinoviruses have different patterns of infection and virulence. Second, personal factors such as lung function and immunity influence lower respiratory outcomes of rhinovirus infection. The mucosal immune response is critical, and the quality of the interferon response and allergic inflammation interacts to determine the risk for rhinovirus wheezing. Finally, rhinovirus infections can promote pathogen-dominated airway microbiota that increase the risk for wheezing. Although specific antivirals for rhinovirus are still not available, identifying risk factors for wheezing illnesses has provided several other potential targets and strategies for reducing the risk of rhinovirus-induced wheezing and exacerbations of asthma.
LONG TERM SURVIVAL OF CRITICALLY ILL SURGICAL PATIENTS DISCHARGED TO EXTENDED CARE FACILITIES (1999)

Society Of Critical Care Medicine 29Th Educational And Scientific Symposium; Orlando, Florida, Usa; February 11-15, 2000: Poster Presentations
Lowering of Blood Pressure—The Lower, the Better? (2006)

Blood pressure (BP) control is a major issue in nephrology, both in the predialysis phase of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and—more complex and controversial—while patients are on dialysis ([1][1]–[7][2]). There is no doubt that in renal patients hypertension aggravates progression and
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hyperrecombination Mutant hpr1 Δ Is Synthetically Lethal with Two Conditional Alleles of the Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase Gene and Causes a Defect in Nuclear Export of Polyadenylated RNA (1999)

In a screen for mutants that display synthetic lethal interaction with hpr1Delta, a hyperrecombination mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have isolated a novel cold-sensitive allele of the acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase gene, acc1(cs), encoding the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis. The synthetic lethal phenotype of the acc1(cs) hpr1Delta double mutant was only partially complemented by exogenous fatty acids. hpr1Delta was also synthetically lethal with a previously isolated, temperature-sensitive allele of ACC1, mtr7 (mRNA transport), indicating that the lethality of the acc1(cs) hpr1Delta double mutant was not allele specific. The basis for the interaction between conditional acc1 alleles and hpr1Delta was investigated in more detail. In the hpr1Delta mutant background, acetyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme activity was reduced about 15-fold and steady-state levels of biotinylated Acc1p and ACC1 mRNA were reduced 2-fold. The reduced Acc1p activity in hpr1Delta cells, however, did not result in an altered lipid or fatty acid composition of the mutant membranes but rendered cells hypersensitive to soraphen A, an inhibitor of Acc1p. Similar to mtr7, hpr1Delta and acc1(cs) mutant cells displayed a defect in nuclear export of polyadenylated RNA. Oversized transcripts were detected in hpr1Delta, and rRNA processing was disturbed, but pre-mRNA splicing appeared wild type. Surprisingly, the transport defect of hpr1Delta and acc1(cs) mutant cells was accompanied by an altered ring-shaped structure of the nucleolus. These observations suggest that the basis for the synthetic lethal interaction between hpr1Delta and acc1 may lie in a functional overlap of the two mutations in nuclear poly(A)+ RNA production and export that results in an altered structure of the nucleolus.
In Situ Methane Determination in Petroleum at High Temperatures and High Pressures with Multivariate Optical Computing (2019)

Multivariate optical computing (MOC) is a compressed sensing technique enabling the measurement of analytes in a complex interfering mixture under harsh conditions. In this work, we describe the design, modeling, fabrication, and validation of a sensor for the measurement of dissolved methane in petroleum crude oil at high and variable combinations of pressure (up to 82.727 MPa) and temperature (up to 121.1 °C). Both laboratory and field validation results are presented, with five separate MOC sensors yielding a RMS error of 0.0089 g/cm<sup>3</sup> methane in high pressure/high temperature laboratory and field samples compared to 0.0086 g/cm<sup>3</sup> methane for a room temperature laboratory Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer using partial least-squares (PLS) regression models.
PL‐01‐03: Molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (2009)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly and is the most common form of dementia. A key mediator of this disease is believed to be amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, produced by proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the central nervous system. Aggregation of Aβ, resulting in the formation of oligomers rather than fibrils, might be ultimately responsible for the synaptic damage that leads to cognitive dysfunction in patients with AD. Accumulation of Aβ is the result of alterations in the balance between aggregation, synthesis and clearance. Although considerable effort has been placed at understanding the role of aggregation, synthesis, less is know about the mechanisms of Aβ clearance and their role in neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. The neuroactive and neurogenic effects of NPY and fragments were investigated in APP and NEP tg mouse models as well as in animals treated with NPY or in neuronal cultures challenged with Abeta oligomers and treated with NPY fragments and inhibitors. Recent studies have shown that the endopeptidase neprilysin (NEP) is a major amyloid-β (Aβ) degrading enzyme. NEP in addition of degrading Aβ is also capable of processing neuropeptides. We have recently found that NEP is capable of processing NPY into c-terminal fragments that have neuroprotective and neuroactive capabilities. Moreover, NPY fragments promotes the differentiation and proliferation of neuronal precursor cells in areas of neurogenesis. NEP is capable of remodeling the NPY network and improve synaptic plasticity. Alterations in NPY circuitries in AD play an important role in neurodegeneration, aberrant sprouting and epilepsy. Therefore remodeling the NPY network and that of other neuroactive peptides is important both to understand the pathogenesis as well as for developing new therapies for AD. This work was supported by grants from NIA.
Myelin Basic Protein‐Specific RNA Levels in Interleukin‐2‐Stimulated Oligodendrocytes (1987)

In the immune system, T- and B-cell proliferation, as well as B-cell immunoglobulin secretion, is induced by interleukin-2 (IL-2), a T-cell-derived lymphokine. IL-2 also influences the growth of glial cells, specifically, the proliferation and maturation of oligodendrocytes. Studies were conducted to investigate further IL-2-induced maturation of oligodendrocytes through its effect on the regulation of the myelin basic protein (MBP) gene. A cDNA probe specific for rat MBP and a double-antibody radioimmunoassay for MBP were used to quantitate MBP mRNA and protein levels in oligodendrocytes under different experimental conditions. We demonstrate that both MBP mRNA and protein levels are increased in IL-2-stimulated oligodendrocytes. MBP mRNA levels increase within 8 h after IL-2 stimulation, peak between 24 and 48 h, and then decline slightly. MBP protein levels increase 24 h after stimulation and peak at 72 h. MBP mRNA transcripts in the range of 2.0-2.4 kilobases are present in cultured rat oligodendrocytes, which are similar to the MBP mRNA transcripts detected in whole rat and mouse brain. These mRNA transcripts are specifically increased in quantity after oligodendrocyte stimulation with IL-2. These results suggest that one component of oligodendrocyte differentiation/maturation--MBP mRNA and protein expression--can be regulated in part by IL-2.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Phosphorylation of Ribosomal Protein S6 Attenuates DNA Damage and Tumor Suppression during Development of Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 44K, Staining for γH2AX (brown) in sections of the intestine from a CK1α-deficient mouse&lt;/p&gt;
Comparison of male adolescent‐report of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms across two cultures using latent class and principal components analysis (2002)

While adolescent-report information across two different cultures can at least in part reproduce the two-factor structure of ADHD, results from latent class analysis suggest that adolescent reporting on their own symptoms is markedly different from the type of information parents provide about ADHD symptoms in their offspring. The current findings indicate that if male adolescents endorse any ADHD symptoms there is a tendency for them to report combined type problems.
Jack of all trades: versatile catechol crosslinking mechanisms (2014)

Catechols play an important role in many natural systems. They are known to readily interact with both organic (e.g., amino acids) and inorganic (e.g., metal ions, metal oxides) compounds, thereby providing a powerful system for protein curing. Catechol crosslinked protein networks, such as sclerotized cuticle and byssal threads of the mussel, have been shown to exhibit excellent mechanical properties. A lot of effort has been devoted to mimicking the natural proteins using synthetic catechol-functionalized polymers. Despite the success in developing catechol-functionalized materials, the crosslinking chemistry of catechols is still a subject of debate. To develop materials with controlled and superior properties, a clear understanding of the crosslinking mechanism of catechols is of vital importance. This review describes the crosslinking pathways of catechol and derivatives in both natural and synthetic systems. We discuss existing pathways of catechol crosslinking and parameters that affect the catechol chemistry in detail. This overview will point towards a rational direction for further investigation of the complicated catechol chemistry.
The Generalized TTL Security Mechanism (GTSM) (2004)

The use of a packet's Time to Live (TTL) (IPv4) or Hop Limit (IPv6) to protect a protocol stack from CPU-utilization based attacks has been proposed in many settings (see for example, RFC 2461). This document generalizes these techniques for use by other protocols such as BGP (RFC 1771), Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP), Bidirectional Forwarding Detection, and Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) (RFC 3036). While the Generalized TTL Security Mechanism (GTSM) is most effective in protecting directly connected protocol peers, it can also provide a lower level of protection to multi-hop sessions. GTSM is not directly applicable to protocols employing flooding mechanisms (e.g., multicast), and use of multi-hop GTSM should be considered on a case-by-case basis.
Sex-Specific Metabolic Pathways Were Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Endophenotypes in the European Medical Information Framework for AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery Cohort (2021)

metabolic sex-specific differences were reported, covering neurotransmission and inflammation pathways with AD endophenotypes. Two metabolites, in pathways related to dopamine and serotonin, were associated to females, paving the way to personalised treatment.
&lt;i&gt;Bacterial and Fungal Strain Selections for Cellulase and Xylanase Production using Distillers’ Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS)&lt;/i&gt; (2020)

<b>Abstract.</b> <b>Distillers‘ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are by-products of dry-mill bioethanol production from corn and wheat. The DDGS is leftover by the yeast after converting the starch into ethanol and it has a high nutritional profile including undigested fiber and protein fractions. The DDGS can be used as cheap microbial feedstock for the production of cellulase and xylanases, which are produced from expensive industrial feedstocks. In this study, screening of several bacterial and fungal strains was done using DDGS as the feedstock for the hydrolytic enzyme production. Among all these strains, Aspergillus niger (NRRL 1956) produced the maximum cellulase of 0.592 IU/ml. On the other hand, stable high production of xylanase of 34.8 IU/ml was obtained by Aspergillus niger (NRRL 567) on day twelfth. Bacterial enzyme production by Bacillus subtilis (NRRL NSR352, DSM 17766, and NF1) was relatively lower (0-0.261 IU/ml for cellulase and 1.2-5.2 IU/ml for xylanase) than the fungal enzyme production. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the hydrolyzed DDGS can be an alternative economical substrate for A. niger strains to produce cellulase and xylanase, respectively. The next phases of the study should further optimize the production of cellulase and xylanase in terms of growth parameters and medium components by using benchtop bioreactors.</b>
Anisotropic contrast gain inferred from broadband masking (2010)

When viewing oriented broadband visual structure, subjects typically will report that oblique patterns appear to have higher contrast, and that horizontal patterns have least perceived contrast; furthermore, detection thresholds for oriented broadband patterns are worst for horizontal, and best for obliques. This “horizontal effect” has previously been explained as the result of anisotropic contrast gain control, whereby the disproportionately large numbers of horizontally tuned neurons in visual cortex results in a larger signal to an orientation-tuned gain control mechanism. We questioned whether this effect would be evident in a detection task using single frequency gratings combined with broadband masks. Results showed that with 1/f frequency spectrum, narrow orientation-band masks, contrast thresholds were identical for all orientations, implying that the gain control mechanism is isotropic. However, when these same masks were summed together to produce broad orientation-band masks, increment thresholds were much lower for horizontal than for other orientations, indicating that the response to the horizontal mask was much smaller than the response to the masks at other orientations. We interpret this effect as being due to disproportionately larger contrast gain control for horizontal, specifically as an effect on the semisaturation constant of the underlying response function. Subsequent results through an adaptation paradigm, using broadband masks as adapting stimuli, lend some support to this interpretation, showing that adaptation causes lower increment thresholds for horizontal, and elevates horizontal detection thresholds. We conclude that the horizontal effect can indeed be explained in terms of basic contrast sensitivity mechanisms, though the effect is a nonlinear process, where anisotropies in normalization are only significant with respect to broad, but not narrow, distributions of oriented content.
Adiponectin Corrects High-Fat Diet–Induced Disturbances in Muscle Metabolomic Profile and Whole-Body Glucose Homeostasis (2012)

We provide here a detailed and comprehensive analysis of skeletal muscle metabolomic profiles in response to adiponectin in adiponectin knockout (AdKO) mice after high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies showed that adiponectin administration corrected HFD-induced defects in post/basal insulin stimulated R(d) and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. Lipidomic profiling of skeletal muscle from HFD-fed mice indicated elevated triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol species (16:0-18:1, 18:1, and 18:0-18:2) as well as acetyl coA, all of which were mitigated by adiponectin. HFD induced elevated levels of various ceramides, but these were not significantly altered by adiponectin. Adiponectin corrected the altered branched-chain amino acid metabolism caused by HFD and corrected increases across a range of glycerolipids, fatty acids, and various lysolipids. Adiponectin also reversed induction of the pentose phosphate pathway by HFD. Analysis of muscle mitochondrial structure indicated that adiponectin treatment corrected HFD-induced pathological changes. In summary, we show an unbiased comprehensive metabolomic profile of skeletal muscle from AdKO mice subjected to HFD with or without adiponectin and relate these to changes in whole-body glucose handling, insulin signaling, and mitochondrial structure and function. Our data revealed a key signature of relatively normalized muscle metabolism across multiple metabolic pathways with adiponectin supplementation under the HFD condition.