gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pentapeptides Displaying μ Opioid Receptor Agonist and δ Opioid Receptor Partial Agonist/Antagonist Properties (2009)

Chronic use of mu-opioid agonists has been shown to cause neurochemical adaptations resulting in tolerance and dependence. While the analgesic effects of these drugs are mediated by mu-opioid receptors (MOR), several studies have shown that antagonism or knockdown of delta-opioid receptors (DOR) can lessen or prevent development of tolerance and dependence. On the basis of computational modeling of putative active and inactive conformations of MOR and DOR, we have synthesized a series of pentapeptides with the goal of developing a MOR agonist/DOR antagonist peptide with similar affinity at both receptors as a tool to probe functional opioid receptor interaction(s). The eight resulting naphthylalanine-substituted cyclic pentapeptides displayed variable mixed-efficacy profiles. The most promising peptide (9; Tyr-c(S-CH(2)-S)[D-Cys-Phe-2-Nal-Cys]NH(2)) displayed a MOR agonist and DOR partial agonist/antagonist profile and bound with equipotent affinity (K(i) approximately 0.5 nM) to both receptors, but also showed kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist activity.
Sample preparation and digestion considerations for determining metal deposition at small arms ranges (2010)

Determining the metal content of soil collected from small arms training ranges (SARs) is difficult and controversial because the contamination consists of fine particulates abraded from bullets and larger fragments such as intact bullets and spent shell casings. This heterogeneous distribution of materials can be difficult to sample reproducibly and difficult to prepare for analysis. Similar issues are encountered with sampling and analysing solid residues of energetic compounds for which grinding to 75 microns is necessary to achieve excellent precision. Issues to be resolved for SAR metals include the necessity of sieving, the extent of contamination from grinding, and the proper digestion procedure for efficient recovery. The work reported in this manuscript employed field and laboratory sampling approaches developed for energetics and examined a variety of laboratory sample preparation techniques for SAR metals. Application of the sampling approaches used for energetics to metals was straightforward. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) nitric acid digestion procedure is effective for the recovery of three of the most important SAR metals, copper, lead and zinc, when analysing a 2 g portion of the <2 mm fraction of an unground soil sample. However, sieving the sample ignores a large portion of the total metal load and a total digestion with hydrofluoric acid is necessary to determine the concentration of all naturally-occurring metals in the sample. Finally, the USEPA-approved method for metal analysis is inappropriate for tungsten unless supplemented with phosphoric acid.
Clinical review: Update on neurally adjusted ventilatory assist - report of a round-table conference (2012)

Conventional mechanical ventilators rely on pneumatic pressure and flow sensors and controllers to detect breaths. New modes of mechanical ventilation have been developed to better match the assistance delivered by the ventilator to the patient's needs. Among these modes, neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) delivers a pressure that is directly proportional to the integral of the electrical activity of the diaphragm recorded continuously through an esophageal probe. In clinical settings, NAVA has been chiefly compared with pressure-support ventilation, one of the most popular modes used during the weaning phase, which delivers a constant pressure from breath to breath. Comparisons with proportional-assist ventilation, which has numerous similarities, are lacking. Because of the constant level of assistance, pressure-support ventilation reduces the natural variability of the breathing pattern and can be associated with asynchrony and/or overinflation. The ability of NAVA to circumvent these limitations has been addressed in clinical studies and is discussed in this report. Although the underlying concept is fascinating, several important questions regarding the clinical applications of NAVA remain unanswered. Among these questions, determining the optimal NAVA settings according to the patient's ventilatory needs and/or acceptable level of work of breathing is a key issue. In this report, based on an investigator-initiated round table, we review the most recent literature on this topic and discuss the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of NAVA compared with other modes, as well as the risks and limitations of NAVA.
Mapping of T cell epitopes of the major fraction of rye grass using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopics and non‐atopics. II. Isoallergen clone 5A of Loliuum perenne group I (Lol p I) (1994)

Rye grass is the major cause of hay fever which currently affects 20% of the population. Lolium perenne group I (Lol p I) is a glycoprotein of 240 amino acid residues, representing the main allergen of rye grass. We have used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from controls and subjects allergic to rye grass and cultured them with L. perenne extract (LPE) and Lol p I and measured lymphocyte activation using thymidine incorporation. Patients were further studied against the 115 overlapping peptides of the iso-allergen clone 5A of Lol p I to see whether the 4 amino acid residue differences between clone 1A and clone 5A affect the T cell epitope and thus, lymphocyte activation. There are 24 peptide differences between isoallergen clone 1A and clone 5A occurring in pools 4, 13, 16 and 19 each one of which could be an immunodominant epitope. The PBMC from all allergic patients studied showed a strong proliferative response to LPE and Lol p I. Five immunogenic peptide pools, pool 6, 15, 16, 17 and 19 of the isoallergen clone 5A were also identified. Most of these pools are in the C-terminal region of Lol p I. Out of 20 pools tested in vitro 1 pool (pool-17) induced PBMC proliferation in five out of six patients who were not restricted to an HLA class II DR gene product. However, three out of the six subjects responded to various other peptide pools in addition to the immunodominant pool. In spite of the amino acid differences between the two clones, pool 17 still remains the immunodominant T cell epitope. Control subjects showed only weak responses to LPE and no detectable response to either Lol p I or peptide pools. From within the most active pool we have defined two peptides of the isoallergen clone 5A (identical in sequence with clone 1A) which stimulate lymphocytes from rye grass-sensitive patients in vitro. Previous studies with the two continuous sequences (193WGAVWRIDTPDK204 and 195AVWRIDTPDKLT206) tested in vivo by intradermal skin testing have shown typical delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions after 24-48 h in one patient. Comparison of amino acid sequences of Lol p I, Lol p II and Lol p III proteins revealed a significant level of structural similarity among them. Interestingly, 50% of the residues of the second peptide sequence are also present in Lol p II and Lol p III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Chains of trust (1996)

This article is based on the experiences of C J Fox and Sons, distributors of fasteners and other small components to original equipment manufacturers within the aerospace industry. Aerospace has been strongly affected by the changing attitudes of manufacturers towards their suppliers. The author explains how and why to involve your own suppliers in your manufacturing operations, and describes how Fox has developed and responded to the new era of openness between customer and supplier.
Efficient solution of 3D Ginzburg-Landau problem for mesoscopic superconductors (2014)

The recently proposed approach for the solution of Ginzburg-Landau (GL) problem for 2D samples of arbitrary shape is, in this article, extended over 3D samples having the shape of (i) a prism with arbitrary base and (ii) a solid of revolution with arbitrary profile. Starting from the set of Laplace operator eigenfunctions of a 2D object, we construct an approximation to or the exact eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator of a 3D structure by applying an extrusion or revolution to these solutions. This set of functions is used as the basis to construct the solutions of the linearized GL equation. These solutions are then used as basis for the non-linear GL equation much like the famous LCAO method. To solve the non-linear equation, we used the Newton-Raphson method starting from the solution of the linear equation, i.e., the nucleation distribution of superconducting condensate. The vector potential approximations typically used in 2D cases, i.e., considering it as corresponding to applied constant field, are in the 3D case harder to justify. For that reason, we use a locally corrected Nystrom method to solve the second Ginzburg-Landau equation. The complete solution of GL problem is then achieved by solving self-consistently both equations.
Distance Separated Simultaneous Sweeping: the World’s Fastest Vibroseis Technique (2008)

BP has recently developed a new simultaneous-source technology, which has been used to&lt;br&gt;efficiently acquire a large (2700km2) wide-offset, wide-azimuth, high-density (1500 fold) 3D&lt;br&gt;survey, in the interior of Oman. The BP-DS3 productivity enhancing technique allowed the&lt;br&gt;acquisition crew to acquire as much seismic in a single day, as formerly required a full week.
Computerized tomography based 3D modeling of the clavicle (2015)

Future pre-contoured fracture fixation systems should provide variable length plates with a constant lateral section retrocurve and a variable medial antecurve.
Compensating for magnetic field inhomogeneity in multigradient-echo-based MR thermometry (2014)

The corrections offer the possibility to measure RF heating in phantoms more precisely. This allows mGE MRT to become a valuable tool in RF safety assessment.
Rotary Bed Reactor for Chemical-Looping Combustion with Carbon Capture. Part 2: Base Case and Sensitivity Analysis (2012)

Part 1 (10.1021/ef3014103) of this series describes a new rotary reactor for gas-fueled chemical-looping combustion (CLC), in which, a solid wheel with microchannels rotates between the reducing and oxidizing streams. The oxygen carrier (OC) coated on the surfaces of the channels periodically adsorbs oxygen from air and releases it to oxidize the fuel. A one-dimensional model is also developed in part 1 (10.1021/ef3014103). This paper presents the simulation results based on the base-case design parameters. The results indicate that both the fuel conversion efficiency and the carbon separation efficiency are close to unity. Because of the relatively low reduction rate of copper oxide, fuel conversion occurs gradually from the inlet to the exit. A total of 99.9% of the fuel is converted within 75% of the channel, leading to 25% redundant length near the exit, to ensure robustness. In the air sector, the OC is rapidly regenerated while consuming a large amount of oxygen from air. Velocity fluctuations are observed during the transition between sectors because of the complete reactions of OCs. The gas temperature increases monotonically from 823 to 1315 K, which is mainly determined by the solid temperature, whose variations with time are limited within 20 K. The overall energy in the solid phase is balanced between the reaction heat release, conduction, and convective cooling. In the sensitivity analysis, important input parameters are identified and varied around their base-case values. The resulting changes in the model-predicted performance revealed that the most important parameters are the reduction kinetics, the operating pressure, and the feed stream temperatures.
Cedrol suppresses glioblastoma progression by triggering DNA damage and blocking nuclear translocation of the androgen receptor (2020)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with great invasiveness and resistance to chemotherapy, which presents a treatment challenge. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of Cedrol, a sesquiterpene alcohol isolated from Cedrus atlantica, against GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. Cedrol was found to potently inhibit cell growth and induce intracellular ROS generation and DNA damage response. In addition, Cedrol induced significant G<sub>0</sub>/G<sub>1</sub> cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis via the extrinsic (Fas/FasL/Caspase-8) and intrinsic (Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-9) pathways. In addition, Cedrol had a synergistic effect with temozolomide (TMZ) and reduced drug resistance by blockage of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Cedrol suppressed tumor growth in both orthotopic and xenograft GBM animal models with low or no short-term acute toxicity or long-term accumulative toxicity. In a molecular docking study, Cedrol targeted the androgen receptor (AR), and reduced DHT-mediated AR nuclear translocation, downstream gene KLK3/TMPRSS2 expression and cell proliferation. Our study demonstrates that Cedrol may be a potential candidate for drug development for single or combination treatment with TMZ in GBM therapy.
Identification ofEhrlichiaspp. andBorrelia burgdorferiinIxodesTicks in the Baltic Regions of Russia (2001)

The presence and distribution of Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was demonstrated among ixodid ticks collected in the Baltic regions of Russia, where Lyme borreliosis is endemic. A total of 3,426 Ixodes ricinus and 1,267 Ixodes persulcatus specimens were collected, and dark-field microscopy showed that 265 (11.5%) I. ricinus and 333 (26.3%) I. persulcatus ticks were positive. From these samples, 472 dark-field-positive and 159 dark-field-negative ticks were subjected to PCR and subsequent reverse line blot hybridization. Fifty-four ticks (8.6%) carried Ehrlichia species, and 4 (0.6%) carried ehrlichiae belonging to the Ehrlichia phagocytophila complex, which includes the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent. The E. phagocytophila complex and an Ehrlichia-like species were detected only in I. ricinus whereas Ehrlichia muris was found exclusively in I. persulcatus, indicating a possible vector-specific infection. Borrelia garinii was found predominantly in I. persulcatus, but Borrelia afzelii was evenly distributed among the two tick species. Only two I. ricinus ticks carried B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, while Borrelia valaisiana and a newly identified B. afzelii-like species were found in 1.7 and 2.5% of all ticks, respectively. Of the dark-field-positive ticks, only 64.8% yielded a Borrelia PCR product, indicating that dark-field microscopy may detect organisms other than B. burgdorferi sensu lato. These observations show that the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis may be present in ticks in the Baltic regions of Russia and that clinicians should be aware of this agent as a cause of febrile disease.
Selective Cleavage of β-Keto and Vinylogous β-Keto Esters by 3-Quinuclidinol (1975)

Abstract As a result of a continuing study utilizing nitrogenous bases2–6, we now wish to report that the base 3-quinuclidinol (13) is useful for the cleavage of β-keto and vinylogous β-keto esters.
EGFR mutations are prevalent and independent from K-RAS mutations in lung adenocarcinomas from non-smokers (2005)

1666 Lung cancer is common in Hong Kong with an unusually high incidence in female non-smokers (NS). Lung cancers in NS are likely to involve different carcinogenic processes from those in smokers, but the molecular targets are unclear. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. It has been observed that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients showing improved clinical response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment harbour somatic mutations in EGFR tyrosine kinase domain. Activating point mutations in the RAS oncogene has been recognized in adenocarcinomas of different organs including the lung. In order to find out the prevalence and patterns of EGFR and RAS mutations, as well as their relation with clinicopathological profiles of primary NSCLC in Hong Kong, 228 surgically resected primary lung cancers were analyzed. The tumors included 205 adenocarcinomas (AD), 14 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 9 lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas (LELC) from 97 men (55 current smokers (SM), 17 NS, 24 ex-smokers (EX) and 1 passive smokers (PS)), and 131 women (7 SM, 92 NS, 13 EX and 19 PS) were studied. PCR amplified products spanning the EGFR mutation hot spots (exons 18-21) were sequenced. An overall mutation rate of 49.1% (112/228) was observed, including 52 in-frame deletions, 5 in-frame insertions and 55 amino acid substitutions. Statistically significant associations were found between EGFR mutations and a) NS (79/109) compared with patients with any level of current or previous tobacco exposure (33/119 SM, PS, EX) or with SM only (12/62), P
Filled Carbon Nanotubes (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Presentation of Chapter 5
Modeling high average current and high bunch charge beams in MICHELLE-eBEAM (2014)

The MICHELLE-eBEAM code has been employed successfully for modeling high average current and high bunch charge beams using a time-dependent model. Accurate particle tracking with self-consistent space charge and image forces is important in modeling detailed phase space evolution of high charge electron bunches. The MICHELLE-eBEAM code presents a promising solution where the model resolution only depends on the number of particles modeled and the detailed phase space evolution is enabled by accurate Coulomb calculations facilitated by a GPU-based tree algorithm. In this paper we report on our latest progress and show validation and benchmarking results.
A Preliminary Study on the Design and Implementation of Satellite Remote Sensing Integrated Application Service Platform (2009)

To promote the utilization of satellite remote sensing data and the depth of industrial applications, this paper design and implement satellite remote sensing integrated application service platform by analyzing the present utilization of satellite remote sensing data. This platform has tried to alter the traditional remote sensing application service mode by means of combing it with E-commerce so that it can offer data services, product services, online analytical services and other necessary services for the public users and professional users on the Web. Moreover, this paper also provides details of the architecture and key technologies of the platform. Finally, it illustrates the experiment and its initial achievement with an example which is based on the services from this platform and performed in the Planning Bureau, State-Land Bureau and the Haihe Committee, Tianjin.
Postsurgical treatment with adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (2016)

This study sought to develop a reliable and easy-to-use scoring model to guide the decision to perform postsurgical adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (PA-TACE) in patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).The study included 235 consecutive patients with hepatitis B-related HCC undergoing PA-TACE at our medical center. Patients were assigned to 2 sets according to the PA-TACE date: initial (2005-2007; n = 130) and internal validation (2008-2009; n = 105) sets. With the aid of a Cox regression model, we developed a risk-scoring model from the independent predictive factors of our initial set designed as a guide for PA-TACE, and the performance of the model was validated with an internal set. External validation was also performed with an independent dataset (n = 84) to assess the discriminatory power of the scoring model.In the multivariate analysis, 4 risk factors (an increase in Child-Pugh score of at least 1 point, hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid [HBV-DNA] level >10 IU/mL, tumor diameter ≥5 cm, and the presence of vascular invasion) were significantly associated with prognosis. These factors were incorporated into a novel clinicopathological scoring model (assessment for PA-TACE [APT] risk-scoring model) ranging from 0 to 8 that was correlated with prognosis. Different survival outcomes were identified in three groups (0-2 points, 3-6 points, and 7-8 points). The risk-scoring model was further confirmed with 2 independent sets.The novel APT risk-scoring model, merging 4 prognostic factors, may achieve an optimal postsurgical prediction of PA-TACE in HBV-related HCC. The risk for an individual patient with an APT score of ≥7.0 prior to the PA-TACE, who may not profit from further PA-TACE, can be determined, and this may lead to a more appropriate choice of treatment.
Bifunctional Organocatalysts for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Isoquinoline N-Oxides (2015)

Bifunctional catalysts bearing amino and urea functional groups have been applied for a novel, highly enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral isoquinoline N-oxides, which are promising chiral ligands or organocatalysts in organic synthesis. This is the first example of highly enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral biaryls by bifunctional organocatalysts. Good-to-excellent enantioselectivities were obtained with a range of substrates.
Spatial resolution of SCD's InSb 2D detector arrays (2007)

The two-dimensional spatial response of a pixel in SCD's back-side illuminated InSb Focal Plane Array (FPA) is measured directly for arrays with a small pitch, namely 30, 20 and 15&mgr;m. The characterization method uses a spot-scan measurement and de-convolution algorithm to obtain the net spatial response of a pixel. Two independent methods are used to measure the detector spatial response: a) direct spot-scan of a pixel with a focused beam; b) uniform illumination upon back-side evaporated thin gold coating, in which sub-pixel apertures are distributed in precise positions across the array. The experimental results are compared to a 3D numerical simulation with excellent agreement for all pitch dimensions. The spatial response is used to calculate the crosstalk and the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of the pixel. We find that for all three pixel dimensions, the net spatial response width (FWHM) is equal to the pitch, and the MTF width is inversely proportional to the pitch. Thus, the spatial resolution of the detector improves with decreasing pixel size as expected. Moreover, for a given optics and smaller array pitch, the overall system spatial resolution is limited more by the optical diffraction than by the detector. We show actual improved spatial resolution in an imaging system with a detector of smaller array pitch.