gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol and oxygenated cholesterol concentrations are markedly elevated in peripheral tissue but not in brain from mice with the Niemann–Pick type C phenotype (1998)

Abstract Niemann–Pick disease type C (NP‐C) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, frequent developmental delay and early death. Tissues of affected individuals accumulate large quantities of free cholesterol in lysosomes. Because cytotoxic oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol are known to form readily when cholesterol concentrations are elevated, we searched for these compounds in liver, kidney, spleen and brain from mice with the NP‐C phenotype. In order of abundance, we identified 7α‐ and 7β‐hydroxycholesterol, 5α,6α‐epoxycholestan‐3β‐ol, 4β‐hydroxycholesterol, cholest‐4‐en‐3β,7α‐diol and cholest‐4‐en‐3β,6β‐diol in most tissue samples. Cholesterol concentrations in affected mice were increased 3‐fold in kidney and 7‐ to 8‐fold in spleen and liver compared to controls (all p&lt;0.001) but were unchanged in brain. Although oxysterol levels were markedly elevated in non‐brain tissue, the oxysterol and cholesterol concentrations increased proportionally so that oxysterols expressed as percentage of total sterols were the same for all animals (0.34±0.19% averaged over all organs in affected animals vs 0.40±0.42% in control mice). In contrast to peripheral tissue, we could not detect any increase in either absolute or relative oxysterol levels in the brains of affected and control mice (49±61 vs 53±43 μg/g wet weight and 0.45±0.52 vs 0.47±0.37%, respectively). Thus, brain sterols are normal in NP‐C mice and it is unlikely that an accumulation of cytotoxic oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol could account for the progressive neuropathology seen in the disease.
Four-Key Text Entry Augmented with Color Blinking Feedback for Print-Handicapped People with Ocular Pathology (2006)

The print-handicapped users having ocular pathology may be under constraint of typing when they re-learn to manipulate new text entry technique. In our previous research, the 4-key text entry technique with 3 keystrokes per character was designed adhering to the principle of avoiding lateral hand or/and finger movements. In the present study, the 4-key text entry was augmented with the color blinking feedback provided through a single 2-color light emitting diode coupled with eyeglasses to facilitate learning visually handicapped users to type. The implemented approach resulted in significantly greater text entry rate of about 18 wpm under 2.5 hours of practice vs. 14 wpm and 4 hours of practice without the use of the visual feedback. The color blinking feedback could improve the learning process of text entry techniques if this kind of feedback is still possible to apply.
Analysis and control of a class of large-scale interconnected nonlinear systems (1998)

Decentralized controller design and stability analysis of a class of large-scale interconnected nonlinear systems is presented. Each subsystem in the overall system is nonlinear and so are the interconnections that join the subsystems. For controller synthesis the interconnecting nonlinear functions are known to satisfy a bound which is polynomial in the states. The nonlinear interconnections need not satisfy any symmetry property. We show global exponential stability of the closed-loop interconnected system for the proposed decentralized controller. Robustness of the decentralized controller to a class of interconnections that do not satisfy matching conditions is also shown.
Technica standard di ricostruzione mediante TAC per una corretta determinazione del volume dell'osso mascellare (1991)

status: Published
Abstract 2057: Over-expression of p27 Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation and Neointima Formation in Rabbit Vein Graft Model (2007)

Neointima formation caused by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) proliferation is an early event in vascular remodeling associated with arterialization of vein graft and the magnitude of this process may contribute for late failure. Cell cycle is tightly regulated and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 kip1 plays a critical role in this process. We investigated whether overexpression of p27 can modulate this early cell proliferative response in rabbit vein grafts. First generation bicistronic adenovirus AdCMVp27hEGFP, (AV1) harbouring the human p27 sequence, and AdCMVLacz (AV2) were engineered. Overexpression of p27 was analyzed by immunofluorescence and the antiproliferative effect of AV1 was assessed in primary culture of VSMC followed by 1, 3, 5, and 9 days after AV1 transduction vs. AV2. A segment of jugular vein vas exposed to AV1 and AV2 (10 9 –10 11 pfu/mL) or placebo for 30 min and then interposed, end to end, to the carotid artery of adult male New Zealand rabbits. After 28 days the vein grafts were harvested and stained with Miller for neointima analyses. Imunofluorescence of VSMC showed positive cells 72 hs following AV1 transduction. Significant inhibition of cell proliferation was observed 7 and 9 days after the cells were exposed to AV1 compared to AV2 or control cells (7 days: 0.34 ± 0.15 × 10 5 vs. 1.5 ± 0.22 × 10 5 , 2.04 ± 0.29 × 10 5 cell/ml, p&lt;0.01; 9 days: 0.23 ± 0.1 × 10 5 vs. 1.49 ± 0.31 × 10 5 , 2.31 ± 0.41 × 10 5 cell/ml, p&lt;0.01). In vivo , transduction efficiency was evaluated by the expression of B-galactosidase 48 hs. after surgery in vein grafts exposed to AV2. Vein grafts transduced with AV1 showed significant reduction in neointima hyperplasia compared with AV2 or to control animals not exposed to any viral treatment (47.33 ± 5.36 vs. 112.83 ± 24.2 and 80.08 ± 10.51μm, p&lt;0.05). These results show that adenovirus mediated over expression of human protein p27 can inhibit VMSC proliferation in vitro and significantly impair the neointima formation associated with arterialization of vein graft after 28 days. It will important to establish the long term effects of this intervention specially when associated with other environment stimuli such as high fat that can clearly influence the outcome of this therapeutic intervention.
Quantifying Performance of Permeation Barrier—Encapsulation Systems for Flexible and Glass‐Based Electronics and Their Application to Perovskite Solar Cells (2019)

Abstract Effective transparent barrier/encapsulation systems represent a key enabling technology for large‐area electronics. Securing stability to the environment is vital. Here, the effects of architectures, application processes, and water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) of transparent flexible ultra‐high permeation barrier films (UHPBF) applied to substrates with adhesive resins are unraveled for attaining long lifetime, and compared with polyethylene terephthalate and glass barriers. How strongly performance of barrier/adhesive systems depends on barrier orientation, adhesion, manipulation, defects, and storage procedures is quantified via calcium tests. Furthermore, it is found that introducing an additional adhesion‐promoting layer on the standard UHPBF stack reduces WVTRs by a factor of 5 compared to barriers without it. Finally, barriers are used for sealing and encapsulation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) enabling the extraction of a relationship between WVTRs of barrier/adhesive systems and degradation rates (DR) of PSCs. DR fall exponentially when WVTRs decrease from 10 1 to 10 −3 g m −2 d −1 . Outside that range any gains or losses are mitigated by tailing of the sigmoid curve relating the two parameters. Results highlight important factors which will help those developing strategies relating to encapsulation, barrier, adhesive and sealant systems and stable optoelectronic devices on glass and flexible substrates.
25th Anniversary Article: MXenes: A New Family of Two‐Dimensional Materials (2013)

Recently a new, large family of two-dimensional (2D) early transition metal carbides and carbonitrides, called MXenes, was discovered. MXenes are produced by selective etching of the A element from the MAX phases, which are metallically conductive, layered solids connected by strong metallic, ionic, and covalent bonds, such as Ti2 AlC, Ti3 AlC2 , and Ta4 AlC3 . MXenes -combine the metallic conductivity of transition metal carbides with the hydrophilic nature of their hydroxyl or oxygen terminated surfaces. In essence, they behave as "conductive clays". This article reviews progress-both -experimental and theoretical-on their synthesis, structure, properties, intercalation, delamination, and potential applications. MXenes are expected to be good candidates for a host of applications. They have already shown promising performance in electrochemical energy storage systems. A detailed outlook for future research on MXenes is also presented.
Identification of a Mammalian Long Chain Fatty Acyl Elongase Regulated by Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Proteins (2001)

Fatty acids are synthesized de novo from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA through a series of reactions mediated by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). In rodents, the principal fatty acid produced by FAS is palmitic acid (16:0). Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) enhance the transcription of many genes responsible for fatty acid synthesis. In transgenic mice that overexpress SREBPs in liver, the rate of fatty acid synthesis is markedly increased, owing to the activation of these biosynthetic genes, which include ATP citrate lyase, ACC, FAS, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase. The fatty acids that accumulate in livers of SREBP transgenic mice are 18 carbons rather than 16 carbons in length, suggesting that the enzymes required for the elongation of palmitic to stearic acid may be induced. Here, we report the cDNA cloning of a murine long chain fatty acyl elongase (LCE) that was identified initially by oligonucleotide array analysis of mRNA from SREBP transgenic mouse livers. LCE mRNA is highly expressed in liver and adipose tissue. The cDNA encodes a protein of 267 amino acids that shares sequence identity with previously identified very long chain fatty acid elongases. Cells that overexpress LCE show enhanced addition of 2-carbon units to C12-C16 fatty acids. We provide evidence that LCE catalyzes the rate-limiting condensing step in this reaction. The current studies suggest that mouse LCE expression is increased by SREBPs and that the enzyme is a component of the elusive mammalian elongation system that converts palmitic to stearic acid.
Nonglaucomatous Cupping of the Optic Disc (2001)

Optic disc cupping is a consequence of myriad disorders. The anatomy and vasculature of the disc provide great insight into why, how, and when ODC occurs in various conditions. Approaches to distinguish glaucomatous from nonglaucomatous causes of ODC should rely on patient history, visual fields assessment, and funduscopic findings, as described. Cupping can be seen with neurological processes, including benign tumors, that are treatable. The clinician must remain vigilant to detect uncommon but potentially threatening forms of nonglaucomatous optic disc cupping.
Increased angiotensin II formation in the brain modulates cardiovascular homeostasis and erythropoiesis (2021)

In spite of the fact that the modulatory effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on the sympathetic nerve activity to targeted organs involved in blood pressure (BP) regulation is well acknowledged, the local production of this peptide in the brain and the consequences of enhanced central Ang II beyond the cardiovascular system are not yet well comprehended. In the present study, we generated and validated a new transgenic mouse line overexpressing the rat full-length angiotensinogen (Agt) protein specifically in the brain (Agt-Tg). Adult Agt-Tg mice presented overall increased gene expression of total Agt in the brain including brainstem and hypothalamus. In addition, the excess of Agt led to abundantly detectable brain Ang II levels as well as increased circulating copeptin levels. Agt-Tg displayed raised BP in acute recordings, while long-term telemetrically measured basal BP was indistinguishable from wild-types. Agt-Tg has altered peripheral renin-angiotensin system and vasomotor sympathetic tone homeostasis because renal gene expression analysis, plasma Ang II measurements and ganglionic blockade experiments revealed suppressed renin expression and reduced Ang II and higher neurogenic pressure response, respectively. Plasma and urine screens revealed apparently normal fluid and electrolyte handling in Agt-Tg. Interestingly, hematological analyses showed increased hematocrit in Agt-Tg caused by enhanced erythropoiesis, which was reverted by submitting the transgenic mice to a long-term peripheral sympathectomy protocol. Collectively, our findings suggest that Agt-Tg is a valuable tool to study not only brain Ang II formation and its modulatory effects on cardiovascular homeostasis but also its role in erythropoiesis control via autonomic modulation.
Personal chronicling tools for enhancing information archival and collaboration in enterprises (2004)

One of the greatest challenges in enterprises today is the lack of dynamic and ongoing information about individuals' activities, interests, and expertise. Availability of such "personal chronicles" can provide rich benefits at both an individual and enterprise level. For example, personal chronicles can help individuals to far more effectively retrieve and review their activities and interactions, while at an enterprise level they can be data-mined to identify groups of common and complementary interests and skills, or to identify implicit work processes that are commonplace in every enterprise. Today's existing tools are very limited in their support for dynamic capture of ongoing activities, in the organization and presentation of captured information, and in supporting rich annotation, search, retrieval, and publication of this information. In this paper, we propose a set of Personal Chronicling Tools (PCT) to support enterprise knowledge workers in digital event archiving and collaboration-oriented publishing. PCT is composed of four primary tools with the following capabilities: (1) event monitoring, (2) interactive annotation, (3) browse/search, and (4) edit/publish. All are designed to exploit existing enterprise infrastructure, storing captured raw data and metadata in secure databases. The first tool is a group of event monitors. These run on user client devices and capture user events such as emails, web pages browsed, instant messaging sessions, and documents edited. Monitors for new event classes are easily added as plug-ins through an XML interface. The second tool, the event annotator, enables context-sensitive user tagging and book marking of interesting moments. The third is an event browser which extends corporate email tools, providing semantic search (by embedding WordNet as a common dictionary) and the ability to follow threads of many kinds. Finally, a publishing tool facilitates the publication of relevant events with a fraction of the effort required to maintain a manual chronicle such as a weblog. This paper presents the overall system architecture, and a prototype implementation.
A kinetic model for pyrolysis of cellulose (1979)

It has been shown that the pyrolysis of cellulose at low pressure (1.5 Torr) can be described by a three reaction model. In this model, it is assumed that an “initiation reaction” leads to formation of an “active cellulose” which subsequently decomposes by two competitive first-order reactions, one yielding volatiles and the other char and a gaseous fraction. Over the temperature range of 259–341°C, the rate constants of these reactions, ki (for cellulose → “active cellulose”), kv (for “active cellulose” → “volatiles”), and kc (for “active cellulose” → char + the gaseous fraction) are given by ki = 1.7 × 1021e− (58,000/RT) min −1, kv = 1.9 × 1016e− (47,300/RT) min−1, and kc = 7.9 × 1011e− (36,600/RT) min−1, respectively.
Salicylic acid‐mediated innate immunity in Arabidopsis is regulated by SIZ1 SUMO E3 ligase (2006)

Reversible modifications of target proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins are involved in many cellular processes in yeast and animals. Yet little is known about the function of sumoylation in plants. Here, we show that the SIZ1 gene, which encodes an Arabidopsis SUMO E3 ligase, regulates innate immunity. Mutant siz1 plants exhibit constitutive systemic-acquired resistance (SAR) characterized by elevated accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), increased expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, and increased resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. Transfer of the NahG gene to siz1 plants results in reversal of these phenotypes back to wild-type. Analyses of the double mutants, npr1 siz1, pad4 siz1 and ndr1 siz1 revealed that SIZ1 controls SA signalling. SIZ1 interacts epistatically with PAD4 to regulate PR expression and disease resistance. Consistent with these observations, siz1 plants exhibited enhanced resistance to Pst DC3000 expressing avrRps4, a bacterial avirulence determinant that responds to the EDS1/PAD4-dependent TIR-NBS-type R gene. In contrast, siz1 plants were not resistant to Pst DC3000 expressing avrRpm1, a bacterial avirulence determinant that responds to the NDR1-dependent CC-NBS-type R gene. Jasmonic acid (JA)-induced PDF1.2 expression and susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea were unaltered in siz1 plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SIZ1 is required for SA and PAD4-mediated R gene signalling, which in turn confers innate immunity in Arabidopsis.
Vibration Analysis of Metal/Polymer/Metal Laminates - Approximate Versus Viscoelastic Methods (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this report, two finite element models are presented which predict the vibration characteristics of metal/polymer/metal laminates. The first model uses an approximate elastic solution, while the second model uses a viscoelastic solution. A finite element preprocessor was created to implement both models. With this preprocessor, four complex geometries and a simple plate are investigated. Predictions are made for natural frequencies, damping values, and frequency responses. In addition, the predictions for the plate and one of the geometries is compared to experimental results. It is shown that the two models predict natural frequencies well, but bound experimental damping values. The conservative estimate of damping is given by the viscoelastic model. It is further shown that if the geometry of the component resembles a beam, that both models agree. Based on these observations, recommendations are made to exclusively use the viscoelastic model in design analysis.&lt;/div&gt;
Isolation and Characterization of Aspergillus oryzae Vacuolar Protein Sorting Mutants (2005)

The vacuolar protein sorting (vps) system in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae, which has unique cell polarity and the ability to secrete large amounts of proteins, was evaluated by using mutants that missort vacuolar proteins into the medium. Vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was used as a vacuolar marker. Twenty dfc (dim EGFP fluorescence in conidia) mutants with reduced intracellular EGFP fluorescence in conidia were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting from approximately 20,000 UV-treated conidia. Similarly, 22 hfm (hyper-EGFP fluorescence released into the medium) mutants with increased extracellular EGFP fluorescence were isolated by using a fluorescence microplate reader from approximately 20,000 UV-treated conidia. The dfc and hfm mutant phenotypes were pH dependent, and missorting of CPY-EGFP could vary by 10- to 40-fold depending on the ambient pH. At pH 5.5, the dfc-14 and hfm-4 mutants had an abnormal hyphal morphology that is consistent with fragmentation of vacuoles and defects in cell polarity. In contrast, the hyphal and vacuolar morphology of the dfc-14 and hfm-4 mutants was normal at pH 8.0, although CPY-EGFP accumulated in perivacuolar dot-like structures similar to the class E compartments in Saccharomyces cerevisiae vps mutants. In hfm-21, CPY-EGFP localized at the Spitzenkörper when the mutant was grown at pH 8.0 but not in vacuoles, suggesting that hfm-21 may transport CPY-EGFP via a novel pathway that involves the Spitzenkörper. Correlations between vacuolar protein sorting, pH response, and cell polarity are reported for the first time for filamentous fungi.
UNOS/OPTN Data-guided Assessment of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis After Kidney Transplantation and Evaluation of Immunosuppressive Protocols in a Steroid-free Center (2021)

Based on our results, we believe that it is safe to continue the steroid avoidance protocols at SCOT and the steroid-free protocol may not be detrimental when the adverse effects and toxicities associated with steroid use are considered.
Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in banana fruit (2015)

This thesis investigated the basis for massive differences in provitamin A carotenoid content in banana fruits. Rather than gene expression levels, carotenoid storage capacity and product degradation explained much of the differences. Such information should provide important insights for future developments in the biofortification of banana. A high carotenoid-containing cultivar, 'Asupina' and a popular commercial but low carotenoid-containing cultivar, 'Cavendish' were used in the investigations.
A Study of Customers' and the Automotive Industry's Attitude Regarding Visual Quality Appearance of Split-Lines (2004)

The exterior design of an assembled car body consists of a number of components, which are in spatial relation to each other. These relationships have a significant impact on the overall perceived Visual Quality Appearance, (VQA) of a car body exteriorly. The automotive industry has the ambition to produce products with high VQA. For companies, which are producing products composed of several components, it is costly and time consuming to consider and control the impact of geometric variation. This paper investigates the industrys and the customers attitude regarding VQA of split lines, by use of an emperical study. It also investigates if there is a correrlation between the car brand that customers think possesses the best VQA regarding split lines and measurement data of the geometrical variation of split lines of those car brands.
Preparation and Optical Properties of Highly Crystalline, Colloidal, and Size-Controlled Indium Oxide Nanoparticles. (2003)

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.