gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric field controlled capillary traps at water/oil interfaces (2011)

Colloidal particles trapped at a fluid–fluid interface can be pushed down or pulled up by electric stresses due to the so-called “electrodipping force”. The resulting interfacial deformations lead to lateral capillary forces. For monolayers composed of polystyrene latex particles, the effect is however found to be weak. This is an important observation to understand the nature of the charge distribution around such particles at the water–oil interface. However, when a composite monolayer is prepared using particles with sufficient contrast in the dielectric properties, an electric field induced capillary trap can be created. In the present work, titanium dioxide particles are shown to behave as capillary traps for polystyrene particles when an external DC electric field is directed orthogonal to a planar water–oil interface.
The reversal line may be a key modulator of osteoblast function: observations from an alveolar bone wound‐healing model (1997)

The reversal line demarcates the cessation of osteoclast activity from the commencement of osteoblast activity at a remodeling site in bone. It is a seam between segments of bone that are formed at different times. We believe that the reversal line contains regulatory signals that, in part, control osteoblast activity. We have conducted a pilot study to examine the fate of reversal lines during abnormal bone remodeling in alveolar bone. A surgical periodontal defect was created in a Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis), allowed to heal in the presence of plaque, and evaluated histologically. In this model, there is an acute inflammatory reaction followed by compromised bone formation. Woven bone rather than lamellar bone was deposited in the defect. A striking finding in this wound-healing model was the disruption of the carbohydrate material along the reversal line. This supports our theory that disruption of the signaling molecules in the reversal line may be responsible for uneven woven bone formation.
State Dependent AIMD Algorithms and Consensus Problems (2006)

Abstract This papers analyses a class of nonlinear positive systems that model the dynamics of nonlinear additive‐increase multiplicative‐decrease (AIMD) protocols. The system class covers a range of protocols that are currently used in real communication networks, such as standard TCP, and recent proposals for congestion control protocols such as Scalable TCP. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impact of test-structure design and test methods for electromigration testing (2003)

The ultimate goal of this work is to develop design guidelines for electromigration test structures and to revise existing standard test methods for fast wafer-level and conventional package-level stress testing. These tests all involve stressing a sample of test structures and measuring their failure times to obtain sample estimates of the median-time-to-failure, t/sub 50/, and the standard deviation of the log/sub e/ of the failure times, or sigma(/spl sigma/). Four test methods (Standard Wafer Level Electromigration Accelerated Test (SWEAT), IsoI-SWEAT, Isothermal, and ASTM) and six test structures (four SWEAT-type and two ASTM-type) were used to stress Al-1% Si metallization (1 /spl mu/m and 3 /spl mu/m) lines. It was observed that /spl sigma/ is not affected by test structure design, but is affected by the test method. /spl sigma/(SWEAT) was the largest and /spl sigma/(IsoI-SWEAT) was the smallest, quite understandable based on how the stress in the test methods differ. Sigma was also larger for narrower lines. The manner of terminating the test line in the ASTM-type structures did not impact lifetime, except in the narrowest lines, where the lifetime was higher for the structures with split end segments (contrary to expectations). An opening in the passivation over the heat sinks in the SWEAT-type structures did not impact lifetime. A thermal analysis showed that the usual technique of using the fractional change in resistance of the test structure to estimate the joule heating of test lines can lead to underestimates of the stress temperature. The larger the relative resistance of the heat sinks of the test structure, the greater the stress temperature of the test line will be under estimated and the lower the t/sub 50/ will be. The analysis also helped explain the observed differences in the t/sub 50/ values for the different test structures.
Design of multiband/broadband software-defined super-sparse digital beam forming array for down-link satellite communications (2004)

Conventional RF beam forming arrays are severely limited in bandwidth by the grating lobe problem, which emerges when the array element spacing exceeds about 0.6/spl lambda/ at the operating frequency. Furthermore, the complexity and cost of multiband phase-shift (or time-shift to deal with beam squint), and the lack of operational flexibility and features, also are their fundamental shortcomings. For the present design of a moving ground-based receive array for a satellite down-link spanning L, S, and X bands, a software-defined receive array approach using digital beam forming (DBF) offers an increasingly practical solution to overcome these shortcomings in a manner analogous to the software radio solution over conventional radios. The grating lobe problem can be alleviated by creating virtual array element signals in the digital signal processor (DSP). The super-sparse software-defined DBF array is shown to be feasible and increasingly practical. This approach not only overcomes the fundamental limitations of RF beam forming, but also offers cost and operational advantages mandated by the proliferation and rapid changes in modern antenna systems design.
An ab Initio MO Study on the Transformation of Acetylene to Vinylidene in the Coordination Sphere of Rhodium(I). The Intra- and Intermolecular Proton Transfer Mechanism (1997)

The transformation of a rhodium(I) η2-alkyne model complex RhCl(PH3)2(HC⋮CH) (A) into the vinylidene form RhCl(PH3)2(CCH2) (E) has been examined by ab initio theoretical calculations using MP2 level geometry optimizations and localized molecular orbital (LMO) analysis. The vinylidene form E has been found to be 7.8 kcal/mol more stable than A. The previously found intraligand 1,2-hydrogen shift mechanism in the Ru(II)-coordinated alkyne−vinylidene isomerization is not relevant for the present Rh system. The reaction proceeds via the oxidative addition product RhCl(PH3)2(H)(C⋮CH) (C), followed by a bimolecular hydrogen shift from the metal to the terminal carbon of a second molecule rather than by intramolecular 1,3-hydrogen transfer. The LMO analysis of the transition state of the unimolecular 1,3-hydrogen shift indicates that the hydrogen moves as a proton while it interacts with the three centers simultaneously, i.e., Rh, Cα, and Cβ in the transition state. The hydrogen was analyzed to migrate also as a proton in the bimolecular mechanism. The barrier of the bimolecular pathway has been further calculated for a more realistic system with substituted phosphines, RhCl(PiPr3)2(H)(C⋮CH), using the integrated MO + MM (MP2:MM3) method. It was concluded that in the real system with substituents on both the phosphines and the alkyne, RhCl(PiPr3)2(HC⋮CR), the bimolecular hydrogen shift is still favored by ca. 15 kcal/mol in free energy of activation; unimolecular 1,3-H migration should become important in special cases like solid state isomerizations.
Performance-Driven Symbol Mapping for Downlink and Point-to-Point MIMO Systems (2011)

An adaptive symbol mapping scheme is proposed for single-user point-to-point and multiuser downlink multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) systems aiming at the minimization of the overall system bit error rate. The proposed scheme introduces a disorder to the symbols to be transmitted within a MIMO subframe by means of dynamic mapping, with the objective to optimise the interference between them and enhance the received symbols' power. This is done by either changing the allocation order of the symbols to the antennas or by applying a scrambling process that alters the symbols sign. This procedure is targeted to optimizing, rather than strictly minimizing the interference between the symbols such that constructive instantaneous interference is utilized in enhancing the decision variables at the receiver on a symbol-by-symbol basis so that detection is made more reliable. In this way, the overall system performance is improved without the need to raise the transmitted power. The proposed scheme can be used in conjunction with various conventional MIMO precoding and detection techniques. The presented results show that for a given transmit power budget this scheme provides significant benefits to the corresponding conventional system's error rate performance.
Screws, Propellers and Fans Based on a Mobius Strip (1998)

A Mobius strip concept is intended for improving the working efficiency of propellers and screws. Applications involve cooling, boat propellers, mixing in appliance, blenders, and helicopters. Several Mobius shaped screws for the average size kitchen mixers have been made and tested. The tests have shown that the mixer with the Mobius shaped screw pair is most efficient, and saves more than 30% of the electric power by comparison with the standard. The created video film about these tests illustrates efficiency of Mobius shaped screws.
Characterization of silicon-on-insulator films recrystallized by an obliquely scanned pseudoline electron beam (1987)

Comprehensive and systematic studies on the growth characteristics of SOI (silicon-on-insulator) films recrystallized by an obliquely scanned pseudoline electron beam are presented. The obliquely scanned pseudoline beam was produced by scanning a spot electron beam along a line faster than the thermal response time of the substrate and it was moved as a whole to a different direction from the normal direction of the line. In the experiment of laterally seeded epitaxial growth of SOI films, the pseudoline beam was always scanned along the seed stripes, while the direction of the seed stripes to the Si substrate and an oblique angle between the scanning direction and the normal direction of the line were changed. It was found that the sub-boundary-free area in the SOI film was enhanced either by increasing the oblique angle or by rotating the seed direction from a 〈110〉 to 〈100〉 axis of the substrate. It was also found that the directions of sub-boundaries hardly depended on the oblique angle but they were governed by the crystal orientation of the substrate at a scanning velocity of 10 cm/s, while their directions were perpendicular to the pseudoline at the velocities below 1 cm/s. A simple model assuming formation of {111} facets at the solidification front is set up in order to explain these results.
Tissue engineering: a new frontier in physiological genomics (2007)

Considerable progress has been made in the last decade in the engineering and construction of a number of artificial tissue types. These constructs are typically viewed from the perspective of possible sources for implant and transplant materials in the clinical arena. However, incorporation of engineered tissues, often referred to as three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, also offers the possibility for significant advancements in research for physiological genomics. These 3D systems more readily mimic the in vivo setting than traditional 2D cell culture, and offer distinct advantages over the in vivo setting for some organ systems. As an example, cardiac cells in 3D culture 1) are more accessible for siRNA studies, 2) can be engineered with specific cell types, and 3) offer the potential for high-throughput screening of gene function. Here the state-of-the-art is reviewed and the applications for engineered tissue in genomics research are proposed. The ability to use engineered tissue in combination with genomics creates a bridge between traditional cellular and in vivo studies that is critical to enabling the transition of genetic information into mechanistic understanding of disease processes.
Continuous Spectrophotometric Measurement of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity (1967)

Abstract Findings with 9 self-indicating phenolic substrates for alkaline phosphatase assay by continuous spectrophotometric technic demonstrate that not only specific reaction conditions, e.g., buffer type, molarity, and pH, contribute significantly to the final observed "Sensitivity" attributed to any 1 substrate but also the following variables must be considered: (1) the enzyme's tissue and species source; (2) the molar absorptivity difference between the substrate and its dephosphorylated product; and (3) the molecular activity.
Observation of the Quantum Nature of Laser-Driven Particle Acceleration (2020)

We reveal quantum features in laser acceleration arising from the underlying wave nature of the accelerated electron, and we present the first accelerator on-chip operated inside a transmission electron microscope.
High-Contrast Time-Multiplexed Pulse-Shaping Systems (2016)

A process for optimizing a time-multiplexed pulse-shaping system generating up to eight shaped optical waveforms is described, leading to contrast better than 68 dB for four-channel operation and 46 dB for eight-channel operation.
Simulation of finite acoustic resonators from Finite Element Analysis based on mixed Boundary Element Method/Perfectly Matched Layer (2012)

The simulation of finite length Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) resonators is addressed here. Both the electro-mechanical coupling and the acoustic wave propagation in inhomogeneous space are considered through a Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The homogeneous parts of the space are treated using a Boundary Element Method (BEM) whereas the side edges of the transducer are completed by Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) method. By combining these two boundary methods BEM and PML, we are able to decrease the contributions of the losses due to the diffraction of SAW into Bulk Acoustic Waves (BAW). Thus, we can simulate the effects of real boundary filters (dual mode) on SAW resonators behavior as well as infinite passivation layer laid aver acoustic resonators.
Miniaturised dual‐band bandpass filter using modified SIR (2013)

A novel miniaturised dual‐band bandpass filter using a single modified stepped impedance resonator (SIR) is presented. Some different shaped slots cutting on the middle patch of the SIR are adopted to improve the return loss in the two passbands and control the resonant frequencies. Meanwhile, the impedance ratio can be changed by changing L or W to tune the resonant frequencies. To improve the selectivity and achieve a high out‐of‐band rejection, source–load coupling is utilised. The simulated and measured results are presented and show good agreement.
Expression and Solubilization of Insect Cell-Based Rabies Virus Glycoprotein and Assessment of Its Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy in Mice (2011)

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease of serious public health and economic significance worldwide. The rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) has been the major target for subunit vaccine development, since it harbors domains responsible for induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies, infectivity, and neurovirulence. The glycoprotein (G) was cloned using the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) and expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9) cells. In order to obtain a soluble form of G suitable for experimentation in mice, 18 different combinations of buffers and detergents were evaluated for their ability to solubilize the insect cell membrane-associated G. The combination that involved 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) detergent in lysis buffer 1, formulated with Tris, NaCl, 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and EDTA, gave the highest yield of soluble G, as evidenced by the experimental data. Subsequently, several other parameters, such as the concentration of CHAPS and the duration and temperature of the treatment for the effective solubilization of G, were optimized. The CHAPS detergent, buffered at a concentration of 0.4% to 0.7% (wt/vol) at room temperature (23 to 25°C) for 30 min to 1 h using buffer 1, containing 10% DMSO, resulted in consistently high yields. The G solubilized using CHAPS detergent was found to be immunogenic when tested in mice, as evidenced by high virus-neutralizing antibody titers in sera and 100% protection upon virulent intracerebral challenge with the challenge virus standard (CVS) strain of rabies virus. The results of the mice study indicated that G solubilized with CHAPS detergent retained the immunologically relevant domains in the native conformation, thereby paving the way for producing a cell-free and efficacious subunit vaccine.
Treating symptomatic hyperprolactinemia in women with schizophrenia: presentation of the ongoing DAAMSEL clinical trial (Dopamine partial Agonist, Aripiprazole, for the Management of Symptomatic ELevated prolactin) (2013)

Prolactin elevations occur in people treated with antipsychotic medications and are often much higher in women than in men. Hyperprolactinemia is known to cause amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, galactorrhea and gynecomastia in females and is also associated with sexual dysfunction and bone loss. These side effects increase risk of antipsychotic nonadherence and suicide and pose significant problems in the long term management of women with schizophrenia. In this manuscript, we review the literature on prolactin; its physiology, plasma levels, side effects and strategies for treatment. We also present the rationale and protocol for an ongoing clinical trial to treat symptomatic hyperprolactinemia in premenopausal women with schizophrenia. More attention and focus are needed to address these significant side effects and help the field better personalize the treatment of women with schizophrenia.
Electron probe microanalysis of chemical elemental content of single human red cells (1977)

Sodium, potassium, iron and sulfur contents of single human red cells were measured using electron microprobe microanalysis. Three preparative procedures were compared, and the most reliable technique was found to be spraying of cells onto polished pyrolytic graphite by atomization. Primary standards were prepared by adjusting the intracellular electrolyte content of red cells, eliminating the need to correct for X-ray absorption. Samples were stable under the electron beam during analysis, and could be stored for long periods of time. Strong correlations were found between the X-ray intensities of iron and sulfur and between potassium and sodium. X-ray intensities of potassium and sodium were found to be directly proportional to internal ionic content. Large populations of single cells could be analyzed and the distribution of their elemental content studied.
Strange Particle Production in $p+p$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$= 200 GeV (2006)

We present strange particle spectra and yields measured at mid-rapidity in sqrt text s=200 GeV proton-proton (p+p) collisions at RHIC. We find that the previously observed universal transverse mass (mathrm mT \\equiv\\sqrt mathrm p_T 2+\\mathrm m2) scaling of hadron production in p+p collisions seems to break down at higher \\mt and that there is a difference in the shape of the \\mt spectrum between baryons and mesons. We observe mid-rapidity anti-baryon to baryon ratios near unity for Lambda and Xi baryons and no dependence of the ratio on transverse momentum, indicating that our data do not yet reach the quark-jet dominated region. We show the dependence of the mean transverse momentum (\\mpt) on measured charged particle multiplicity and on particle mass and infer that these trends are consistent with gluon-jet dominated particle production. The data are compared to previous measurements from CERN-SPS, ISR and FNAL experiments and to Leading Order (LO) and Next to Leading order (NLO) string fragmentation model predictions. We infer from these comparisons that the spectral shapes and particle yields from $p+p$ collisions at RHIC energies have large contributions from gluon jets rather than quark jets.
Jittery Signal Generation for High-Speed Interconnect Simulation (2008)

By generating clock and data waveforms in the frequency domain through a truncated Fourier series, absolute control over both voltage noise and symbol transition timing is achieved. A parameterized Fourier series signal model is derived and used to form clock and data waveforms exhibiting arbitrary noise and jitter characteristics. The method not only facilitates more accurate interconnect modeling in tools like Matlab and Simulink, but also provides a simple means for generating realistic signals that may be imported into Spice-based simulators.
Towards the Oxidation of Fused or not Polyhydro-β-Carbolines. Application to the Synthesis of Phenyl Analogue of the Antibiotic Pyridindolol (2006)

International audience
The Vulnerability/Lethality Taxonomy as a General Analytical Procedure (1999)

Abstract : In this report, the vulnerability/lethality (V/L) taxonomy originally presented by Deitz and reformulated by Klopcic, Starks, and Walbert is shown to contain a general analytical procedure, herein referred to as the KSW process, which is applicable to a broad class of problems that meet the criteria for its use. When used as a general analytical procedure, the KSW process serves as a guide to the rigorous formulation and solution of amenable problems, avoiding errors associated with interactions between partial solutions and the aggregation of results at intermediate steps.
Abiraterone acetate in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: long term outcome of the Temporary Authorization for Use programme in France (2015)

Biochemical response monitored by PSA changes at 3 months is a strong predictive factor for AA treatment duration. Some high responders' patients could beneficiate from AA for more than 3 years.
Is More Better? Using Metadata to Explore Dose–Response Relationships in Stroke Rehabilitation (2014)

There is a positive relationship between the time scheduled for therapy and therapy outcomes. These data suggest that large doses of therapy lead to clinically meaningful improvements, controlling for time after stroke. Currently, trials report time scheduled for therapy as a measure of therapy dose. Preferable measures of dose would be active time in therapy or repetitions of an exercise.
Cooperation Between Stationsin Wireless Networks (2007)

In awireless network, mobile nodes(MNs)repeat- edlyperform tasks suchaslayer 2 (L2)handoff, layer 3 (L3) handoff andauthentication. Thesetasks arecritical, particularly forreal-time applications suchasVoIP.We proposea novel approach, namelyCooperative Roaming(CR),inwhichMNs cancollaborate witheachotherandshareuseful information aboutthenetwork inwhichtheymove. We showhowwe canachieve seamless L2andL3handoffs regardless oftheauthentication mechanism usedandwithout any changes toeither theinfrastructure ortheprotocol. Inparticular, weprovide aworking implementation ofCR andshowhow,with CR,MNs canachieve atotal L2+L3handoff timeoflessthan 16msinanopennetwork andofabout21msinanIEEE802.11i network. Weconsider behaviors typical ofIEEE802.11 networks, although manyoftheconcepts andproblems addressed here apply toanykindofmobile network.
Antenna selection in MIMO systems (2004)

Multiple-antenna systems, also known as multiple-input multiple-output radio, can improve the capacity and reliability of radio communication. However, the multiple RF chains associated with multiple antennas are costly in terms of size, power, and hardware. Antenna selection is a low-cost low-complexity alternative to capture many of the advantages of MIMO systems. This article reviews classic results on selection diversity, followed by a discussion of antenna selection algorithms at the transmit and receive sides. Extensions of classical results to antenna subset selection are presented. Finally, several open problems in this area are pointed out.