gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Fate of Particles Deposited in the Intrapulmonary Conducting Airways (1991)

Inhaled particles deposited in the intrapulmonary conducting airways may be retained considerably longer than 24 hours. We studied structure and function of the 2–phase coating (gel, sol) of the wall of these airways with respect to retention and clearance of such particles. The airway surface tension was determined In vivo in sheep and horse tracheas from the spreading properties of test fluid droplets, using video bronchoscopy. Stereological analyses by light and electron microscopy were performed on hamster lungs. Immediately following inhalation, we found a number of 6 μm polystyrene particles submerged in the sol-phase and coated with surfactant. Of these particles 14% were still retained 24 hours later. The gel and sol phases were separated by a surfactant bilayer. We measured a surface tension of 31 dyn/cm in vivo, at the gel–air surface, in the trachea of sheep and horse. In vitro experiments showed that surfactant promotes the immersion of particles into the aqueous subphase. Based on our findings, we postulate, (1) that after deposition the particles are displaced into the gel–phase (initial retention) from where they may be cleared by mucociliary activity (fast clearance phase) and (2) that some particles may be further displaced into the sol–phase (prolonged retention), from where they will be cleared by airway macrophages (slow clearance phase).
Cryogenic Electrical Properties of an Aluminum-Beryllium Nanocomposite (2023)

Many power distribution networks are desiring lightweight electrical conductors. Cryogenic hyperconducting aluminum (99.999% + pure) is a competitive option to HTS cables at 20 K, but these cables require mechanical reinforcement for many applications, and this strengthening must be compatible with aluminum's annealing schedule to prevent impurity diffusion. AlBeMet AM162H is a lightweight Al-Be nanocomposite which can be processed similar to aluminum alloys, and similar to hyperconducting aluminum, does not experience the extreme quench characteristics seen in superconducting composites. In this research, we shall investigate the electrical conductivity of cryogenic AlBeMet AM162H, and compare its mass specific engineering current carrying capacity with hyperconducting aluminum composites and high purity copper. Additionally, the AC losses of AlBeMet AM162H will be compared to other cryoresistive metals and state-of-the-art low AC loss BSCCO-2212 and MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> multifilamentary wire.
Correction. Intramolecular Cyclization of Arylnitrenium Ions. Formation of Carbon-Carbon Bonds and of Lactones. (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrection. Intramolecular Cyclization of Arylnitrenium Ions. Formation of Carbon-Carbon Bonds and of Lactones.Rudolph Abramovitch, Melanie Cooper, Suresh Iyer, Ramasubbu Jeyaraman, and J. Augusto Rosario RodriguesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 26, 5414Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online27 October 2003Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00174a607https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00174a607research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laboratory measurements of smoke optical properties from the burning of Indonesian peat and other types of biomass - article no. L12819 (2005)

We present the first results on optical properties ({lambda}{approximately} 540 nm) of fresh aerosols from the combustion of Indonesian peat, German peat and other types of biomass, measured under controlled laboratory conditions. The mass scattering and mass absorption efficiencies for Indonesian and German peat aerosols are in the range of 6.0-8.1 and 0.04-0.06 m{sup 2} g{sup -1}, respectively. A very high single scattering albedo ( 0.99) is observed for the peat smoke aerosols, reflecting the smoldering burning conditions (emission ratio, {Delta}CO/{Delta}CO{sub 2} = 19-50%). The relative increase in light scattering f(RH) due to an increase in relative humidity (RH) from 15% to 90% is very low (i.e., f(90) = 1.05) for both Indonesian and German peat aerosols. This value is considerably smaller than for aged Indonesian peat smoke particles (f(80) = 1.65) ( Gras et al., 1999). This suggests that atmospheric aging processes may be an important factor for aerosol hygroscopicity.
Crystallization of a challenging antigen–antibody complex: TLR3 ECD with three noncompeting Fabs (2011)

The mechanism of action of therapeutic antibodies can be elucidated from the three-dimensional crystal structures of their complexes with antigens, but crystallization remains the primary bottleneck to structure determination. Methods that resulted in the successful crystallization of TLR3 ECD in complex with Fab fragments from three noncompeting, neutralizing anti-TLR3 antibodies are presented. The crystallization of this 238 kDa complex was achieved through fine purification of the quaternary complex of TLR3 with the three Fab fragments combined with microseed matrix screening and additive screening. Fine purification entailed the application of a very shallow gradient in anion-exchange chromatography, resulting in the resolution of two separate complex peaks which had different crystallizabilities. Subsequent structure determination defined the epitopes of the respective antibodies and revealed a mechanistic hypothesis that is currently under investigation. The results also showed that cocrystallization with multiple noncompeting Fab fragments can be a viable path when an antigen complex with a single Fab proves to be recalcitrant to crystallization.
SPEEDES: a brief overview (2001)

This paper provides an overview of each of the layers contained in the SPEEDES architecture. SPEEDES is a simulation framework that promotes interoperability, portability, efficiency, flexibility, and maintainability for High Performance Computing applications. Specifically, SPEEDES targets parallel and distributed platforms via its advanced time management schemes and shared memory communications structures. SPEEDES currently supports a large user base centered in the DOD simulation community. This paper describes several of the layers and features of the SPEEDES Simulation Framework. In addition, this paper discusses some of the most recent advances to the SPEEDES framework including its Federation Object (FO) System and its support for HLA via the SPEEDES-HLA Gateway.
PELVIC LYMPH NODE DISSECTION CAN BE CURATIVE IN PATIENTS WITH NODE POSITIVE BLADDER CANCER (1999)

Nodal metastases carry a poor prognosis despite pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical cystectomy. Nevertheless, some node positive cases with otherwise localized bladder cancer and/or low N category appear to benefit from surgery. Our findings of improved outcome in some individuals with node positive disease should be considered in the design of clinical trials evaluating the effects of adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment strategies, and emphasize the importance of randomized studies to assess the results of these approaches.
Two-Pass End-to-End ASR Model Compression (2022)

Speech recognition on smart devices is challenging owing to the small memory footprint. Hence small size ASR models are desirable. With the use of popular transducer-based models, it has become possible to practically deploy streaming speech recognition models on small devices [1]. Recently, the two-pass model [2] combining RNN-T and LAS modules has shown exceptional performance for streaming on-device speech recognition. In this work, we propose a simple and effective approach to reduce the size of the two-pass model for memory-constrained devices. We employ a popular knowledge distillation approach in three stages using the Teacher-Student training technique. In the first stage, we use a trained RNN-T model as a teacher model and perform knowledge distillation to train the student RNN-T model. The second stage uses the shared encoder and trains a LAS rescorer for student model using the trained RNN-T+LAS teacher model. Finally, we perform deep-finetuning for the student model with a shared RNN-T encoder, RNN-T decoder, and LAS rescorer. Our experimental results on standard LibriSpeech dataset show that our system can achieve a high compression rate of 55% without significant degradation in the WER compared to the two-pass teacher model.
Paclitaxel Directly Binds to Bcl-2 and Functionally Mimics Activity of Nur77 (2009)

We reported previously that Bcl-2 is paradoxically down-regulated in paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells. We reveal here that paclitaxel directly targets Bcl-2 in the loop domain, thereby facilitating the initiation of apoptosis. Molecular modeling revealed an extraordinary similarity between the paclitaxel binding sites in Bcl-2 and beta-tubulin, leading us to speculate that paclitaxel could be mimetic of an endogenous peptide ligand, which binds both proteins. We tested the hypothesis that paclitaxel mimics Nur77, which, like paclitaxel, changes the function of Bcl-2. This premise was confirmed by Nur77 interacting with both paclitaxel targets (Bcl-2 and beta-tubulin) and a peptide sequence mimicking the Nur77 structural region, thus reproducing the paclitaxel-like effects of tubulin polymerization and opening the permeability transition pore channel in mitochondria. This discovery could help in the development of novel anticancer agents with nontaxane skeleton as well as in identifying the clinical subsets responsive to paclitaxel-based therapy.
Slipstream Processors Revisited: Exploiting Branch Sets (2020)

Delinquent branches and loads remain key performance limiters in some applications. One approach to mitigate them is pre-execution. Broadly, there are two classes of pre-execution: one class repeatedly forks small helper threads, each targeting an individual dynamic instance of a delinquent branch or load; the other class begins with two redundant threads in a leader-follower arrangement, and speculatively reduces the leading thread. The objective of this paper is to design a new pre-execution microarchitecture that meets four criteria: (i) retains the simpler coordination of a leader-follower microarchitecture, (ii) is fully automated with just hardware, (iii) targets both branches and loads, (iv) and is effective. We review prior preexecution proposals and show that none of them meet all four criteria. We develop Slipstream 2.0 to meet all four criteria. The key innovation in the space of leader-follower architectures is to remove the forward control-flow slices of delinquent branches and loads, from the leading thread. This innovation overcomes key limitations in the only other hardware-only leader-follower prior works: Slipstream and Dual Core Execution (DCE). Slipstream removes backward slices of confident branches to pre-execute unconfident branches, which is ineffective in phases dominated by unconfident branches when branch pre-execution is most needed. DCE is very effective at tolerating cache-missed loads, unless their dependent branches are mispredicted. Removing forward control-flow slices of delinquent branches and delinquent loads enables two firsts, respectively: (1) leader-follower-style branch pre-execution without relying on confident instruction removal, and (2) tolerance of cache-missed loads that feed mispredicted branches. For SPEC 2006/2017 SimPoints wherein Slipstream 2.0 is auto-enabled, it achieves geomean speedups of 67%, 60%, and 12%, over baseline (one core), Slipstream, and DCE.
Electric Load Forecasting Based on Locally Weighted Support Vector Regression (2010)

The forecasting of electricity demand has become one of the major research fields in electrical engineering. Accurately estimated forecasts are essential part of an efficient power system planning and operation. In this paper, a modified version of the support vector regression (SVR) is presented to solve the load forecasting problem. The proposed model is derived by modifying the risk function of the SVR algorithm with the use of locally weighted regression (LWR) while keeping the regularization term in its original form. In addition, the weighted distance algorithm based on the Mahalanobis distance for optimizing the weighting function's bandwidth is proposed to improve the accuracy of the algorithm. The performance of the new model is evaluated with two real-world datasets, and compared with the local SVR and some published models using the same datasets. The results show that the proposed model exhibits superior performance compare to that of LWR, local SVR, and other published models.
Infrared Optical Properties of Iridium Silicides (1998)

Amorphous (a-IrSi) and crystalline (c-IrSi, Ir3Si4) iridium silicide layers (1 to 80 nm) are fabricated by evaporation of iridium metal onto Si(100) substrates and subsequent annealing at various temperatures in the range from 440 to 530 °C. The infrared transmission and reflection are measured for the layer system as a function of the wavelength in the range from 2 to 6 μm and as a function of the film thickness. The dielectric permittivity of the silicide films is determined by taking into account multiple reflections in the thin film. All the silicides investigated show metallic behavior. The crystalline iridium silicide phases c-IrSi and Ir3Si4 are well described by the Drude model; the amorphous a-IrSi exhibits a reduced absorption indicating a reduced density of states near the Fermi energy.
Managing ponds and lakes for aquaculture and fisheries in Missouri : fish selection and stocking for sport fishing (2014) (2014)

Sport fishing is a popular recreational activity among Missouri pond owners (Figure 1). Developing a farm pond for fishing requires several important decisions, including where to get fish; what species to stock; how many, what size and when to stock. Ponds stocked with incorrect combinations of fish can quickly develop unbalanced populations that will become a problem. Small farm ponds and lakes are not natural environments, so they must be carefully managed. Successful pond management involves a combination of practices that promote a healthy and productive pond ecosystem: Ensuring during construction that a pond has enough watershed acreage to maintain water levels ; Monitoring water quality, and adjusting as necessary ; Ensuring food is available for fish ; Controlling harvesting to maintain a balance of predator and prey populations ; Managing aquatic vegetation, and controlling weeds ; Preventing situations that may cause fish kills.
Structure and Function of Recombinant versus Plasma-Derived von Willebrand Factor and Impact on Multimer Pharmacokinetics in von Willebrand Disease (2022)

Findings suggest that the L and UL multimers preserved in rVWF contribute to high biological activity and might be important for providing hemostatic efficacy.
Supplementary Figure and Table Legends 1-2 from Discovery of BMS-641988, a Novel and Potent Inhibitor of Androgen Receptor Signaling for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure and Table Legends 1-2 from Discovery of BMS-641988, a Novel and Potent Inhibitor of Androgen Receptor Signaling for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Effects of short-term heat stress on endophytic ergot alkaloid-induced alterations in rat hepatic gene expression (2009)

Exposure to ergot alkaloids in endophyte-infected fescue (E+) is associated with impaired animal productivity, especially during heat stress, which is commonly referred to as fescue toxicosis. To elucidate the pathogenesis of this condition, the effects of short-term heat stress (HS) on hepatic gene expression in rats exposed to endophytic ergot alkaloids were evaluated. Rats implanted with telemetric transmitters to continuously measure core temperature were fed an E+ diet and maintained under thermoneutral (TN) conditions (21 degrees C) for 5 d, followed by TN or 31 degrees C (HS) conditions for 3 d. Feed intake (FI) and BW were monitored daily. The E+ and HS-induced alterations in hepatic genes were evaluated using DNA microarrays and PCR analyses. Hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as the incidence of apoptosis, were determined. As expected, intake of E+ reduced FI and BW from pretreatment levels under TN conditions, with greater reductions during short-term HS. Genes involved in gluconeogenesis and apoptosis were upregulated, whereas genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation, xenobiotic metabolism, antioxidative mechanisms, immune function, cellular proliferation, and chaperone activity were all downregulated with short-term HS. Hepatocytic apoptosis was increased and antioxidant enzyme activity decreased in the livers of rats exposed to HS. The hypothesized, exacerbating effects of HS on the direct, endophytic toxin-related and indirect, reduced caloric intake-associated alterations in hepatic gene expression were clearly demonstrated in rats and may help to elucidate the pathogenesis of fescue toxicosis in various animal species.
Conservative Nonhormonal Options for the Treatment of Male Infertility: Antibiotics, Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, and Antioxidants (2017)

The nonhormonal medical treatment can be divided into empirical, when the cause has not been identified, and nonempirical, if the pathogenic mechanism causing male infertility can be solved or ameliorated. The empirical nonhormonal medical treatment has been proposed for patients with idiopathic or noncurable oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and for normozoospermic infertile patients. Anti-inflammatory, fibrinolytic, and antioxidant compounds, oligo elements, and vitamin supplementation may be prescribed. Infection, inflammation, and/or increased oxidative stress often require a specific treatment with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and/or antioxidants. Combined therapies can contribute to improve sperm quality.
Akt-Activated Endothelium Increases Cancer Cell Proliferation and Resistance to Treatment in Ovarian Cancer Cell Organoids (2022)

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by its late diagnosis (FIGO stages III and IV) and the importance of abdominal metastases often observed at diagnosis. Detached ovarian cancer cells (OCCs) float in ascites and form multicellular spheroids. Here, we developed endothelial cell (EC)-based 3D spheroids to better represent in vivo conditions. When co-cultured in 3D conditions, ECs and OCCs formed organized tumor angiospheres with a core of ECs surrounded by proliferating OCCs. We established that Akt and Notch3/Jagged1 pathways played a role in angiosphere formation and peritoneum invasion. In patients' ascites we found angiosphere-like structures and demonstrated in patients' specimens that tumoral EC displayed Akt activation, which supports the importance of Akt activation in ECs in OC. Additionally, we demonstrated the importance of FGF2, Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), PD-ECGF and TIMP-1 in angiosphere organization. Finally, we confirmed the role of Notch3/Jagged1 in OCC-EC crosstalk relating to OCC proliferation and during peritoneal invasion. Our results support the use of multicellular spheroids to better model tumoral and stromal interaction. Such models could help decipher the complex pathways playing critical roles in metastasis spread and predict tumor response to chemotherapy or anti-angiogenic treatment.
Enhancement of Data Hiding Capacity in Audio Steganography (2013)

Nowadays, a lot of applications are Internet-based and demand of internet applications requires data to be transmitted in a secure manner. Data transmission in public communication system is not secure because of interception and improper manipulation by eavesdropper. So a technique for secure transmission of messages called Steganography, which send the messages in such a way that existence of the message is concealed. Audio Steganography is the scheme of hiding the existence of secret information by concealing it into an audio file. In this paper we will discuss how audio file can be used as carrier to hide the secret information. In this paper we also proposed a system that will enhance the data hiding capacity in Audio Steganography using LSB method. we will use last 4 LSB's instead of a single LSB , this will enhance the data hiding capacity of carrier file.
Block turbo code performances for long-haul DWDM optical transmission systems (2002)

We present the performance of a foward error correction (fec) scheme for submarine transmission systems using Block turbo code. The decoding is based on soft decoding and soft decision. This solution gives 4 dB additional gain margin compared with the existing rs(255,239) with redundancy equal to 28%.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzimidazoles by Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Domino Reaction of 1,2‐Diaminoarenes and Arylmethyl Halides. (2014)

Abstract The title compounds are synthesized by a simple, practical, and cost‐saving method tolerating wide range of functional groups.
Crossing the threshold: Detecting network malfeasance via sequential hypothesis testing (2013)

The domain name system plays a vital role in the dependability and security of modern network. Unfortunately, it has also been widely misused for nefarious activities. Recently, attackers have turned their attention to the use of algorithmically generated domain names (AGDs) in an effort to circumvent network defenses. However, because such domain names are increasingly being used in benign applications, this transition has significant implications for techniques that classify AGDs based solely on the format of a domain name. To highlight the challenges they face, we examine contemporary approaches and demonstrate their limitations. We address these shortcomings by proposing an online form of sequential hypothesis testing that classifies clients based solely on the non-existent (NX) responses they elicit. Our evaluations on real-world data show that we outperform existing approaches, and for the vast majority of cases, we detect malware before they are able to successfully rendezvous with their command and control centers.