gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Photovoltaics (2000)

The dye-sensitized nanocrystalline injection solar cell employs transition metal complexes for spectral sensitization of mesoporous TiO(2) films together with suitable redox electrolytes or amorphous organic hole conductors. Light harvesting occurs efficiently over the whole visible and near-IR range due to the very large internal surface area of the films. Judicious molecular engineering allows the photoinduced charge separation to occur quantitatively within a few femtoseconds. The certified overall power conversion efficiency of the new solar cell for AM 1.5 solar radiation stands presently at 10.4%.
Strong and Tough Cellulose Nanopaper with High Specific Surface Area and Porosity (2011)

In order to better understand nanostructured fiber networks, effects from high specific surface area of nanofibers are important to explore. For cellulose networks, this has so far only been achieved in nonfibrous regenerated cellulose aerogels. Here, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is used to prepare high surface area nanopaper structures, and the mechanical properties are measured in tensile tests. The water in NFC hydrogels is exchanged to liquid CO2, supercritical CO2, and tert-butanol, followed by evaporation, supercritical drying, and sublimation, respectively. The porosity range is 40-86%. The nanofiber network structure in nanopaper is characterized by FE-SEM and nitrogen adsorption, and specific surface area is determined. High-porosity TEMPO-oxidized NFC nanopaper (56% porosity) prepared by critical point drying has a specific surface area as high as 482 m(2) g(-1). The mechanical properties of this nanopaper structure are better than for many thermoplastics, but at a significantly lower density of only 640 kg m(-3). The modulus is 1.4 GPa, tensile strength 84 MPa, and strain-to-failure 17%. Compared with water-dried nanopaper, the material is softer with substantiallly different deformation behavior.
Neutron blocking in the (d,$sup 6$Li) alpha-particle transfer reaction (1975)

The (d,$sup 6$Li) $alpha$-transfer reaction has been studied on even-A and odd-A tin isotopes at E/sub d/ = 35 MeV. The odd-A isotopes exhibit large blocking effects (approximately factor two) similar to those observed in (p,t) reactions. (auth)
Some aspects of Blockchain-Enabled Radio Access Networks (B-RAN) modeling: review and theoretical study (2022)

&lt;p&gt;The impressive growth of the demand for wireless services for 5G and beyond, particularly encouraged by the Internet of Things, Internet of Everything, etc., raised up the importance of the problems related to the drastic increase (among others) of spectrum efficiency of the systems. In this regard two opportunistic trends were recently discussed by practical professionals and academicians: non-orthogonal spectrum sharing (NOMA transmission) for user equipment (UE) at physical layer level and decentralized Blockchain-enabled Radio Access (B-RAN) paradigm at network layer label. Both of them promise a significant growth on the transmission rate and the spectrum efficiency with low latency, etc. not only for 5G networks, but further, towards 6G networks and so on. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Moreover, it is a fact that the number of published works for B-RAN (some of them considered hereafter) is very impressive, however, the attention to its modeling aspects is rather limited.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The following material is dedicated to present several theoretical aspects of the small-scale modeling of B-RAN based on two well-known principles: continuous time Markov stochastic processes with discrete set of states for B-RAN modeling and self-similar processes for its traffic modeling.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplemental Materials and Methods from Armed Oncolytic Adenovirus–Expressing PD-L1 Mini-Body Enhances Antitumor Effects of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Materials and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Dissemination of wild-type and gC-, gE- and gI-deleted mutants of Aujeszky's disease virus in the maxillary nerve and trigeminal ganglion of pigs after intranasal inoculation (1995)

Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) is a well known neurotropic virus in pigs. In the present study the mechanism of spread of ADV along the maxillary nerve and the role of the viral envelope glycoproteins gC, gE and gI in this process was examined in pigs. The Ka parental strain of ADV and its gC-, gE- and gI-deleted mutants were inoculated intranasally in pigs, after which virus dissemination in the maxillary nerve and the trigeminal ganglion was monitored at time intervals by means of virus isolation. The parental strain was isolated from both the nasal mucosa and the trigeminal ganglion at 21 h post-inoculation (p.i.), whereas the middle part of the connecting maxillary nerve was positive only after 48 h p.i. It appears, therefore, that ADV travels from the nasal mucosa via the nerve towards the ganglion in a non-infectious form, and then replicates in the neuronal somas, after which infectious virus is transported towards the nasal mucosa. Although all mutants were present at 48 h p.i. in the nasal mucosa and the trigeminal ganglion, the appearance of infectious virus in the maxillary nerve was clearly delayed with gE- and gI- mutants. It is suggested that glycoproteins gE and gI are involved in the axonal transport of infectious ADV away from neuronal cell bodies, also called anterograde transport.
Proteomic Approaches for Advancing the Understanding and Application of Oleaginous Bacteria for Bioconversion of Lignin to Lipids (2021)

Bioconversion of cellulosic biorefinery lignin waste is important for complete valorization of all biomass carbons by biofuels and biochemical production. However, the deconstruction of lignin’s complex polymeric framework into intermediates amenable to assimilation and subsequent lipid production for biofuels has proven challenging. Recent systems biology advances have shown promise in facilitating the bioconversion of lignin to lipids. Proteomics-guided synthetic biology approaches have proven to be effective tools for defining and designing new pathways. These pathways may help achieve optimal carbon conversion efficiency of biomass. Nevertheless, substantial challenges remain for the economic conversion of lignin to fuel. Herein, we review salient problems in the bacterial conversion of lignin to lipids with an emphasis on lignin depolymerization activities, in vivo aromatic degradation pathways, and recent advances in lipid production by oleaginous bacteria. Several mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies and their applications to oleaginous bacteria are highlighted in this review. Together, these studies will help establish a system-level understanding of lignin bioconversion and drive efforts to build a platform for the maximal conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to economical next generation biorefinery.
Systematic review: the prevalence of idiopathic bile acid malabsorption as diagnosed by SeHCAT scanning in patients with diarrhoea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (2009)

Idiopathic adult-onset bile acid malabsorption is not rare. International guidelines for the management of irritable bowel syndrome need to be revised so that clinicians become more aware of this possibility.
THE POWER OF THE MORNING BLOOD PRESSURE SURGE AND ITS RELATION TO LONG-TERM SURVIVAL IN THE 2ND AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL BLOOD PRESSURE STUDY (ANBP2): 2A.07 (2010)

Objectives: Cardiovascular risk is greatest in the morning period. We defined a new measure of the morning blood pressure surge which is derived from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) by the product of the rate of morning rise (RoR) and the amplitude (day night difference) giving an effective “Power” of the blood pressure rise (BPPower). We have examined the association of morning BPPower and heart rate and long term clinical outcomes in elderly hypertensive patients undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in ANBP2. Methods: BPPower was calculated using a double logistic fitting procedure from 712 ambulatory recordings from male and female subjects. Five-year follow-up (short-term) was conducted by study nurses and 10 year follow-up was conducted via record linkage with the National Death Index with mail and telephone follow-up of survivors. Cox-proportional hazards models were used to determine the association of BPPower on short- and long-term survival. Results: Forty-two and 130 (18.3%) deaths accumulated over a medium- and long-term follow-up of 4.1 and 9.2 years respectively. After adjusting for age and sex, systolic BP power in the lowest quartile was associated with a 42% greater long-term risk of death in comparison to the highest quartile (OR 1.42; 95% CI: 0.85 – 2.35; p = 0.17), with a similar observation for mean pressure power (OR 1.35; 95% CI: 0.82 – 2.23; p = 0.23). Diastolic BP Power had no impact on survival (OR 1.03; 95%CI 0.63 – 1.68; p = 0.90) However for heart rate power the reverse was observed. Subjects with the lowest heart rate power had a 23% lower risk of death (OR 0.77; 95%CI 0.48 – 1.46; p = 0.29). Discussion: These trends support the hypothesis that blood pressure power and heart rate may be markers for survival outcomes in elderly hypertensive patients.
<title>Adaptive quality improvement method for color images</title> (1994)

This paper proposes a new method for making automatic improvements in digital color image quality. With this method, images obtained either with a video camera or by scanning photographs are automatically enhanced on a display, and no prior knowledge is required with regard to the image data distortions introduced by optical scanners, cameras, or transmission systems. In this paper, the feature values of three important factors for color image quality -- image sharpness, contrast, and saturation -- are defined based on human visual perception, and algorithms used for image enhancement are introduced. The method has been experimentally applied with excellent results to the enhancement of images obtained by scanning photographs: quality improvements achieved automatically were 70% of those achieved manually by human subjects. This simple, effective method appears to hold great promise for application to a variety of imaging devices.
THE LIGO GRAVITATIONAL WAVE OBSERVATORIES: RECENT RESULTS AND FUTURE PLANS (2006)

The LIGO interferometers are operating as gravitational wave observatories, with a noise level near an order of magnitude of the goal and the first scientific data recently taken. This data has been analyzed for four different categories of gravitational wave sources; millisecond bursts, inspiralling binary neutron stars, periodic waves from a known pulsar, and stochastic background. Research and development is also underway for the next generation LIGO detector, Advanced LIGO.
Distribution and severity of weakness among patients with polymyositis, dermatomyositis and juvenile dermatomyositis (2008)

Axial and proximal muscle impairment was reflected in the five weakest muscles shared by our cohort of myositis patients. However, differences in the pattern of weakness were observed among all three clinical groups. Our findings suggest a greater severity of proximal weakness in PM in comparison with DM.
Superconducting DC and RF Properties of Ingot Niobium (2012)

The thermal conductivity, DC magnetization and penetration depth of large-grain niobium hollow cylindrical rods fabricated from ingots, manufactured by CBMM subjected to chemical and heat treatment were measured. The results confirm the influence of chemical and heat-treatment processes on the superconducting properties, with no significant dependence on the impurity concentrations in the original ingots. Furthermore, RF properties, such as the surface resistance and quench field of the niobium rods were measured using a TE011 cavity. The hollow niobium rod is the center conductor of this cavity, converting it to a coaxial cavity. The quench field is limited by the critical heat flux through the rods' cooling channel.
An Extensive Validation of an Open Source Based Solution for Automobile External Aerodynamics (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The number of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations performed during the vehicle aerodynamic development process continues to expand at a rapid rate. One key contributor to this trend is the number of analytically based designed experiments performed to support vehicle aerodynamic shape development. A second contributor is the number of aerodynamic optimization studies performed for vehicle exterior components such as mirrors, underbody shields, spoilers, etc. A third contributor is the increasing number of “what if” exploratory studies performed early in the design process when the design is relatively fluid. Licensing costs for commercial CFD solutions can become a significant constraint as the number of simulations expands. A number of alternative products (e.g., independently developed, supported and documented forks of the popular open-source OpenFOAM® toolbox [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]) have become available in recent years, offering a lower cost alternative to traditional commercial CFD products. This paper summarizes results from a broad and deep evaluation of the capability of iconCFD® to substitute for the more traditional commercial CFD solutions currently used to support vehicle aerodynamic development early in the program development cycle. Included in this study were detailed B-car, sedan, SUV and truck shapes as well as multiple variants of each shape. The study investigated both static and moving ground boundary conditions as well as alternative turbulence models. Trends of the predicted aerodynamic drag coefficients (&lt;i&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;) are compared against experimental data. Both transient and steady state simulation ranking accuracy of total vehicle &lt;i&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; were found to be equivalent to that historically observed with more traditional commercial solver results. A consistent upward bias in absolute &lt;i&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; values was observed in the transient results.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Poster: Smart-Contract Based Incentive Mechanism for K-Anonymity Privacy Protection in LBSs (2017)

In Location Based Services (LBSs), service providers can obtain mobile users' locations or traces while receiving their service requests. K-anonymity, which is the most commonly used location privacy protection method, needs the cooperation among mobile users to form a k-anonymous group. Though several incentive mechanisms have been proposed to motivate mobile users to participate in the k-anonymous group, most of them rely on a `trustful' center. In this paper, we propose a distributed secure incentive mechanism that applies blockchain smart contracts to motivate users for k-anonymity cooperation. To protect the reward transaction information, group encryption and blind collective signature are adopted. The simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed incentive mechanism.
In-silico Skin Model: A Tool for Virtual Testing of Formulations (2016)

The human skin is the largest organ in the body which interacts with the environment and protects the body from excessive water loss, attacks by pathogens or abrasion from outside. Both cosmetic and pharma industries quite often have contrasting needs, that is, cosmetic industry desires that the lotion/prescription applied should not penetrate through the skin, whereas, in pharmaceutical industry reverse is true. Since the enforcement of recent regulation which prohibits use of animal or animal derived substances for the development and testing of consumer, cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients (European Union (EU) regulation 76/768/EEC, Feb. 2003), there has been intensive research towards understanding the skin barrier functions.
Probing Motions between Equivalent RNA Domains Using Magnetic Field Induced Residual Dipolar Couplings:  Accounting for Correlations between Motions and Alignment (2003)

Approaches developed thus for extracting structural and dynamical information from RDCs have rested on the assumption that motions do not affect molecular alignment. However, it is well established that molecular alignment in ordered media is dependent on conformation, and slowly interconverting conformational substates may exhibit different alignment properties. Neglecting these correlation effects can lead to aberrations in the structural and dynamical analysis of RDCs and diminish the utility of RDCs in probing motions between domains having similar alignment propensities. Here, we introduce a new approach based on measurement of magnetic field induced residual dipolar couplings in nucleic acids which can explicitly take into account such correlations and demonstrate measurements of motions between two "magnetically equivalent" domains in the transactivation response element (TAR) RNA.
Multiscale X-ray fluorescence mapping complemented by Raman spectroscopy for pigment analysis of a 15th century Breton manuscript (2016)

We present complementary multiscale X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) mapping and Raman spectroscopy to analyze pigments in a rare medieval Breton manuscript.
Introduction to CPM-SC-FDMA: A Novel Multiple-Access Power-Efficient Transmission Scheme (2011)

This paper presents a novel multiple-access modulation scheme which combines key characteristics of single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) with continuous phase modulation (CPM) in order to generate a power efficient waveform. CPM-SC-FDMA is developed based upon the observation that the samples from a CPM waveform may be treated as "data symbols" taken from a constant-envelope encoder. As with any encoder output, these samples may be precoded using the Discrete Fourier Transform and transmitted using SC-FDMA. Having originated from a constant envelope CPM waveform, CPM-SC-FDMA can potentially retain much of the power efficiency of CPM-thus resulting in a lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) than conventional SC-FDMA. In this paper, we account for the information rate, memory, power efficiency, bit error rate (BER) performance and spectral occupancy of CPM-SC-FDMA. In addition, we investigate the impact of amplifier nonlinearity on BER performance as the number of users increases. Finally, we provide a detailed numerical comparison with a commensurate convolutionally coded QPSK-SC-FDMA scheme (CC-QPSK-SC-FDMA). We show a CPM-SC-FDMA scheme that provides an overall gain of up to 4 dB relative to the CC-QPSK-SC-FDMA scheme over a frequency-selective channel.
A Rapid Method for the Identification of Fresh and Processed Pagellus erythrinus Species against Frauds (2020)

The commercialization of porgies or seabreams of the family <i>Sparidae</i> has greatly increased in the last decade, and some valuable species have become subject to seafood substitution. DNA regions currently used for fish species identification in fresh and processed products belong to the mitochondrial (mt) genes cytochrome b (<i>Cytb</i>), cytochrome c oxidase I (<i>COI</i>), <i>16S</i> and <i>12S</i>. However, these markers amplify for fragments with lower divergence within and between some species, failing to provide informative barcodes. We adopted comparative mitogenomics, through the analysis of complete mtDNA sequences, as a compatible approach toward studying new barcoding markers. The intent is to develop a specific and rapid assay for the identification of the common pandora <i>Pagellus erythrinus</i>, a sparid species frequently subject to fraudulent replacement. The genetic diversity analysis (Hamming distance, <i>p</i>-genetic distance, gene-by-gene sequence variability) between 16 sparid <i>mt</i>DNA genomes highlighted the discriminating potential of a 291 bp <i>NAD2</i> gene fragment. A pair of species-specific primers were successfully designed and tested by end-point and real-time PCR, achieving amplification only in <i>P. erythrinus</i> among several fish species. The use of the <i>NAD2</i> barcoding marker provides a rapid presence/absence method for the identification of <i>P. erythrinus</i>.
Parameters of Overnight Pulse Wave under Treatment in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2016)

PAP therapy modified the hypoxic load and pulse wave-derived markers. The PWA-I - associated with sympathetic vascular tone - was most prominently modified by PAP. This novel approach to markers of CV function should be further evaluated in prospective studies.
Formation of Thermally Stable AgCu-Based Reflectors by a Two Step Alloy Method for Vertical Light-Emitting Diodes (2010)

Two-step alloyed indium–tin-oxide (ITO)/Ni/AgCu/Pt reflectors for high-performance GaN-based vertical light-emitting diodes (VLEDs) were investigated. The ITO layer was first annealed at 650 °C for 1 min in air to make an Ohmic contact and then the Ni/AgCu/Pt reflectors were deposited and subsequently annealed at 400 °C for 1 min in air to improve their reflectance and mechanical adhesion with the ITO layer. It was shown that the reflectance of the ITO/Ni/AgCu/Pt reflectors at 460 nm was slightly increased from 82 to 87% after two-step annealing. Based on the secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiles, this improvement was attributed to the formation of a transparent Ni-oxide and the existence of Cu atoms near ITO/AgCu/Pt interface regions suppressing the inter and out-diffusion of Ag. The VLEDs fabricated with the ITO/Ni/AgCu/Pt reflectors showed an approximately 4.4% higher output power and much better current–voltage characteristics than those with the Ag-based reflectors.
Electrochemical Measurements on Zirconium and Zircaloy-2 at Elevated Temperatures (1965)

Rates of film growth in oxygenated dilute sulfuric acid have been measured on zirconium and Zircaloy‐2 at temperatures from 200° to 300°C using electrochemical methods. The resulting rate‐time plots were analyzed according to logarithmic and cubic kinetics. The kinetic constants obtained from these results, and those of other investigators, were correlated with respect to temperature. The calculated activation energy for the cubic rate constant was 29.7 kcal/mole. The reduction of oxygen was studied as a function of film thickness. The results showed two polarization regions, a high current region with a Tafel slope about and a low current region with a Tafel slope decreasing with film thickness from . The oxygen evolution reaction was also studied at 295°C. The observed Tafel slope ranged between . The anodic process in the over‐all corrosion reaction was postulated to be a field‐dependent ionic transport of oxygen ions. The Tafel slope for this process increased with film thickness from . At 295°C, a steady‐state anodic rate independent of potential was observed. This result suggests that at steady‐state the film dissolution rate is equal to the rate of film formation. The weak‐field approximation to the conventional anodizing equation is postulated for the film formation reaction. The film dissolution reaction is not postulated.