gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Switchable Alkene Epoxidation/Oxidative Cleavage with H2O2/NaHCO3: Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysis Derived from Biosourced Eco-Mn (2015)

A novel Mn-derived catalyst was prepared starting from the biomass of Mn-hyperaccumulating plants growing on metal-rich soils. Recovery of this biomass as value-added “ecocatalyst” provides incentives for the development of phytoextraction programs on soils degraded by mining activities. Characterization of the resulting plant-based catalyst Eco-Mn by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated the presence of unusual polymetallic complexes of Mn(II) in the catalyst, along with Fe(III). Incorporation of these species into montmorillonite K10 as solid support provided a supported Eco-Mn catalyst, whose properties were investigated for alkene epoxidation with H2O2 (30 wt %)/NaHCO3 (0.2 M) as a green terminal-oxidizing reagent. The supported Eco-Mn catalyst demonstrated a high efficiency for styrene epoxidation, with only 0.31 mol % Mn, a much lower content of Mn than in previously described Mn-derived heterogeneous catalysts. Although Fe was also present in the supported Eco-Mn catalyst, comparison experiments showed that Fe had only a limited role in the catalysis. The water content in the reaction medium had a beneficial effect, increasing the reaction efficiency. The supported Eco-Mn catalyst was recycled four times without any loss of activity. Comparison of its properties to those of heterogeneous catalysts made by incorporation of commercial MnCl2·4H2O and FeCl3·6H2O highlighted the superior catalytic activity of polymetallic species present in the biosourced catalyst. The substrate scope of the method was extended to various alkenes, including bulky natural products which were epoxidized with high yields (up to 99%), sometimes much higher than those obtained with already described Mn-derived heterogeneous catalysts. Finally, by simple adjustments of reaction conditions, the method allowed controlled access to aldehydes by oxidative cleavage of various styrene-derived substrates (up to 93% yield). The method thus constitutes a valuable alternative not only to classical epoxidation reagents but also to oxidative cleavage of styrene-derived molecules, which usually involves toxic and hazardous reagents.
Optimization of Optical Equalization of Group Delay Ripple-Induced Penalties from Fiber Bragg Gratings in 112 Gbit/s Metro Networks (2010)

We investigate the performance of optical equalization of GDR-induced penalties from chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) in 112 Gbit/s metro networks using FIR filters. The GDR-induced mean OSNR penalties are reduced to &lt;0.2 dB.
Syndrome d'apnées du sommeil, médicaments du système nerveux central (rôle du pharmacien d'officine) (2008)

Le syndrome d apnées du sommeil est une affection de connaissance récente mais relativement fréquente touchant environ 4% de la population masculine d âge moyen. Ces trente dernières années, des progrès considérables ont été réalisés dans la compréhension de cette affection, la recherche et la diversification des traitements. Malgré tout, le syndrome d apnées du sommeil est encore insuffisamment reconnu puisque seuls 10% des apnéiques sont diagnostiqués et traités. En tant que malade chronique, le patient apnéique nécessite une prise en charge multidisciplinaire au sein de laquelle le pharmacien d officine a un rôle à jouer en termes de pharmacie clinique (prévention de l iatrogénie medicamenteuse, optimisation thérapeutique) et d éducation thérapeutique.
Comparison of biological and molecular properties among canine distemper virus strains. (1986)

Ten strains of canine distemper virus consisting of seven attenuated and three virulent ones were compared for their biological properties, i.e. pock-forming capacity on the chorioallantoic membranes of chicken embryos, neurovirulence in suckling mice, growth patterns in Vero cells including type of CPE, plaque size and inclusion-body formation, as well as their molecular properties including viral proteins and RNAs. Marked difference among strains was found in these biological properties, especially in pock-forming capacity, neurovirulence in suckling mice, and plaque size. All the virulent strains showed low pock-forming capacity compared with relatively high capacity in most of the attenuated strains, suggesting that this property might be associated with a decrease of virulence in dogs. Correlation between plaque size and neurovirulence in mice was also suggested. On the other hand, only slight difference in the electrophoretic mobility of viral proteins and RNAs was noticed in some strains. These findings may serve as basic data for further establishment of strain marker as well as of attenuation marker.
Direct Measurement of the Fermi Energy in Graphene Using a Double-Layer Heterostructure (2012)

We describe a technique which allows a direct measurement of the relative Fermi energy in an electron system by employing a double-layer heterostructure. We illustrate this method by using a graphene double layer to probe the Fermi energy as a function of carrier density in monolayer graphene, at zero and in high magnetic fields. This technique allows us to determine the Fermi velocity, Landau level spacing, and Landau level broadening. We find that the N=0 Landau level broadening is larger by comparison to the broadening of upper and lower Landau levels.
Comments on `Comparison of probe and spectroscopic measurements in an argon plasma jet' (1971)

The experimental results given in a recent paper by Holmes and Freeston are found to be in good agreement with a theory due to Lam in 1964. Their poor agreement with the thin-sheath formula of Clements and Smy is also explained.
Uniaxial Strain Effects on Cuprate Superconductor YBa2Cu4O8 (2012)

The uniaxial strain effects on the cuprate superconductor YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 (Y-124) were investigated by magnetic measurements and quantitatively compared with those of hydrostatic contraction up to 1.7 GPa. We observed a change in superconducting transition temperature ( T c ) for three situations: out-of-plane (along the c -axis), in-plane (along the c -plane), and hydrostatic contractions. The in-plane contraction caused a larger increase in T c than the out-of-plane contraction. The d T c /d P for hydrostatic contraction was almost consistent with that for the out-of-plane contraction. The magnitude correlation in the pressure derivative of T c is explained by considering a qualitative change in Madelung site potential with a function of Cu–O apical distance. Contrary to the general trend for cuprates, T c increased against the contraction along all the crystal axes, suggesting that carrier doping from CuO chain layers to CuO 2 planes occurred for all contraction types. This is a unique characteristic of YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 , which has double CuO chain layers that function as an important charge reservoir between CuO 2 planes.
Medical Harm (1998)

It is estimated that up to thirteen percent of hospital admissions result from the adverse effects of diagnosis or treatment, and that almost seventy percent of iatrogenic complications are preventable. The obligation to 'do no harm' has been central to medical conduct since ancient times, yet iatrogenic illness has now come to be recognized as a significant risk factor in health care delivery. This book integrates history, philosophy, medical ethics and empirical data to examine the concept and phenomenon of medical harm. Issues covered include appropriateness of care, acceptable risk and practitioner accountability, and the book concludes with recommendations for limiting iatrogenic harm. Essential reading for medical ethicists, physicians and those involved in health care policy and administration, this stimulating and highly readable book will be of interest to all providers of health care, and many of their patients.
A deep reinforcement learning based offloading scheme in ad-hoc mobile clouds (2018)

In this paper, we consider the problem of making an optimal offloading decision for a mobile user in an ad-hoc mobile cloud in which the mobile user can offload his computation tasks to nearby mobile cloudlets via a device-to-device (D2D) communication-enabled cellular network. We propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based offloading scheme which enables the user to make near-optimal offloading decisions by taking into account uncertainties of user's and cloudlets' movements and the cloudlets' resource availabilities. We first propose a Markov decision process (MDP)-based offloading problem formulation which considers the composite states of the user's and cloudlets' queue states and the distance states between the user and cloudlets as the system state space. The objective of the formulated MDP-based problem is to determine the optimal actions on how many tasks the user should process locally and how many tasks to offload to each cloudlet at each observed system state such that the user's utility obtained by task execution is maximized while minimizing the energy consumption, task processing delay, task loss probability and required payment. Then, we use a deep reinforcement learning scheme, called deep Q-network (DQN) to learn an efficient solution for the proposed MDP-based offloading problem. Extensive simulations were performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed offloading scheme. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the offloading policies obtained by the proposed scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reactions of Asymmetrie Tertiary Amines with Electrophilic Reagents. (1986)

Abstract Die Umsetzung der tertiären Amine (I), (XII) und (XV) mit den Tosylhalogeniden (II) bzw. den Säurechloriden (V) und (VIII) liefert vorwiegend unter Ringöffnung die im Schema angegebenen Verbindungen.
Inhibition of the Uterotropic Activity of Estrogens and Antiestrogens by the Short Acting Antiestrogen LY117018* (1983)

The aim of the study was to determine whether the dihydroxylated antiestrogen LY117018, with a high affinity for the estrogen receptor and low intrinsic estrogenic activity, could inhibit the uterotropic actions of steroidal [estradiol-17 beta (E2)] and nonsteroidal [ICI 3188 and trianisylchloroethylene (TACE)] estrogens in immature rats and also the uterotropic actions of tamoxifen and monohydroxytamoxifen in the ovariectomized mouse and immature rat. In the first series of experiments, LY117018 was compared with monohydroxytamoxifen. Both antiestrogens inhibited the uterotropic actions of E2 (0.32 micrograms daily), ICI 3188 (5 micrograms daily), and TACE (40 and 160 micrograms daily) in a dose-related manner (0.32-82 micrograms daily). The potency of the antiestrogens against E2 and ICI 3188 was similar, however, at higher doses (20.48 and 82 micrograms daily) LY117018 reduced uterine weights to below the lowest level achieved by monohydroxytamoxifen. In contrast, LY117018 was less effective against the long acting estrogen TACE. The competitive interaction of LY117018 with tamoxifen and monohydroxytamoxifen was compared in 3-day ovariectomized mouse and immature rat uterine weight tests. Tamoxifen and monohydroxytamoxifen were fully estrogenic in the mouse (5 micrograms daily) and partially estrogenic in the rat (1.5-20 micrograms daily). LY117018 was a partial estrogen in the mouse and a weekly active partial estrogen in the rat (2.5-120 micrograms daily). LY117018 produced dose-related decreases in the uterine weight increases induced by tamoxifen and monohydroxytamoxifen in both species. However, in the rat, LY117018 was more effective against the less potent compound tamoxifen, at a 6:1 dosage ratio compared with a 24:1 dosage ratio required for the potent compound monohydroxytamoxifen. LY117018 had a short duration of action as an antiestrogen when compared with monohydroxytamoxifen. LY117018 (120 micrograms) was only completely effective as an antiestrogen if administered repeatedly with E2 whereas a single injection of monohydroxytamoxifen (120 micrograms) was sufficient to inhibit fully E2 action in the uterus for up to 4 days. Because LY117018 has a shorter duration of action than monohydroxytamoxifen, a high dosage ratio of LY117018 over monohydroxytamoxifen is required to maintain effective competitive antagonism in the uterus. Overall, these findings suggest that monohydroxytamoxifen and LY117018 probably act through the same mechanism of action via the estrogen receptor.
Detection of cyclodiene insecticide resistance‐associated mutations by single‐stranded conformational polymorphism analysis (1995)

Abstract Cyclodiene insecticide resistance is associated with replacements of a single amino acid within the putative lining of a δ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐gated chloride ion channel gene Resistance to dieldrin (Rdl). Only two resistance‐associated amino acid replacements have been identified; alanine to serine in Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, Aedes aegypti , and Tribolium castaneum and alanine to glycine as a second allele in D. simulans. Here we report that single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of genomic DNA, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for exon 7 of the Rdl gene, can be used to genotype strains or individuals of all of these insects. This technique also appears simultaneously to distinguish between D. melanogaster and D. simulans , sibling species only reliably identifiable by examination of male genitalia. The relative advantages of this genotyping technique against other PCR‐mediated techniques in monitoring for insecticide resistance are discussed.
Deterministic X-ray Bragg coherent diffraction imaging as a seed for\n subsequent iterative reconstruction (2018)

Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI), using both X-rays and electrons, has made\nextremely rapid progress over the past two decades. The associated\nreconstruction algorithms are typically iterative, and seeded with a crude\nfirst estimate. A deterministic method for Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging\n(Pavlov et al., Sci. Rep. 7, 1132 (2017)) is used as a more refined starting\npoint for a shrink-wrap iterative reconstruction procedure. The appropriate\ncomparison with the autocorrelation function as a starting point is performed.\nReal-space and Fourier-space error metrics are used to analyse the convergence\nof the reconstruction procedure for noisy and noise-free simulated data. Our\nresults suggest that the use of deterministic-CDI reconstructions, as a seed\nfor subsequent iterative-CDI refinement, may boost the speed and degree of\nconvergence compared to the cruder seeds that are currently commonly used. We\nalso highlight the utility of monitoring multiple error metrics in the context\nof iterative refinement.\n
[Significance of prostatic acid phosphatase, gamma-seminoprotein and prostatic specific antigen in the urine. First report: the measurement of PAP, gamma-Sm and PA in the urine of patients with prostatic diseases]. (1991)

To study the significance of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) and prostatic specific antigen (PA) in urine, we have determined the urinary levels of these proteins in women and infants, in patients without prostatic disease, in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy, and in patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma. Women and infants were found to excrete little PAP (27.9 +/- 4.8 ng/mg) and undetectable levels of gamma-Sm except one case, and undetectable levels of PA in the urine. The excretion of PAP in patients with prostatic carcinoma who were either castrated, or treated with endocrine therapy was lower than the levels in women and infants, or the levels in patients without prostatic diseases, or the levels in patients with BPH. Urinary excretion levels of gamma-Sm and PA were undetectable in the patients with well-controlled prostatic carcinoma. The present study suggests that the determination of PAP, gamma-Sm and PA in the urine of patients with prostatic carcinoma may become a useful tool for monitoring of the primary locus of the carcinoma, but additional assays of urinary PAP, gamma-Sm and PA should be measured at regular intervals to be concluded.
Active sites in Escherichia coli ribosomes (1974)

The model of active sites in E. coli ribosome illustrated in the figure is based on the presently available experimental results. It is far from being complete and should not be overinterpreted as an accurate topographical model. More data on the functional role of ribosomal components and on the topography of the subunits can be expected in the near future and will add to the knowledge on the active sites in ribosomes.
Mixing Super P-Li with N-Doped Mesoporous Templated Carbon Improves the High Rate Performance of a Potential Lithium Ion Battery Anode (2016)

Super P-Li is widely used in compounding experimental Li ion battery anodes and cathodes. Here we show that substitution of Super P-Li with a 1:1 (wt/wt) mixture of Super P-Li and a rod-shaped (10 μm long and about 3 μm wide) nitrogen–doped templated (NDT) carbon of 1740 m2/g surface area with 4 nm pore size improves the performance of an experimental Li ion battery anode, utilizing α-Fe2O3 (hematite) nanorods as an example active material for testing this mixed carbon based electrode architecture. It is proposed that while Super P-Li provides the essential electronic conduction of the composite electrode, the ion and solvent permeated NDT contributes to the mass (ion) and heat (solvent) transport.
Effects of Sulfation Level on the Desulfation Behavior of Presulfated Pt-BaO/Al2O3 Lean NOx Trap Catalysts: A Combined H2 Temperature-Programmed Reaction, in Situ Sulfur K-Edge X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and Time-Resolved X-ray Diffraction Study (2009)

Desulfation by hydrogen of presulfated Pt (2 wt %)-BaO(20 wt %)/Al2O3 with various sulfur loading (S/Ba = 0.12, 0.31, and 0.62) were investigated by combining H2 temperature programmed reaction (TPRX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in situ sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), and synchrotron time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TR-XRD) techniques. We find that the amount of H2S desorbed during the desulfation in the H2 TPRX experiments is not proportional to the amount of initial sulfur loading. The results of both in situ sulfur K-edge XANES and TR-XRD show that at low sulfur loadings, sulfates were transformed to a BaS phase and remained in the catalyst rather than being removed as H2S. On the other hand, when the deposited sulfur level exceeded a certain threshold (at least S/Ba = 0.31) sulfates were reduced to form H2S, and the relative amount of the residual sulfide species in the catalyst was much less than at low sulfur loading. Unlike samples with high sulfur loading (e.g., S/Ba = 0.62), H2O did not promote the desulfation for the sample with S/Ba of 0.12, implying that the formed BaS species originating from the reduction of sulfates at low sulfur loading are more stable to hydrolysis. The results of this combined spectroscopy investigation provide clear evidence to show that sulfates at low sulfur loadings are less likely to be removed as H2S and have a greater tendency to be transformed to BaS on the material, leading to the conclusion that desulfation behavior of Pt-BaO/Al2O3 lean NOx trap catalysts is markedly dependent on the sulfation levels.
3225Global longitudinal strain measured using feature-tracking cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is an independent predictor of all cause mortality in patients with preserved ejection fraction (2019)

Abstract Introduction Ejection fraction is the principal measure used clinically to assess cardiac mechanics and provides significant prognostic information. However, echocardiographic strain imaging has shown significant abnormalities of myocardial deformation can be present despite preserved ejection fraction, which maybe associated with adverse prognosis. Cardiac-Magnetic-Resonance (CMR) feature-tracking techniques now allow assessment of strain from routine cine-images, without specialized pulse sequences. Whether abnormalities of strain measured using CMR feature-tracking have prognostic value in patients with preserved ejection fraction is unknown. Purpose To evaluate the prognostic value of CMR feature-tracking derived global longitudinal strain (GLS) in a large multicenter population of patients with preserved ejection fraction. Methods Consecutive patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF ≥50%) and a clinical indication for CMR at four US medical centers were included in this study. Feature-tracking GLS was calculated from 3 long-axis-cine-views. The primary endpoint was all-cause death. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to examine the independent association between GLS and death. The incremental prognostic value of GLS was assessed in nested models. Results Of the 1274 patients in this study, 115 died during a median follow-up of 6.2 years. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with GLS ≥ median (−20%) had significantly reduced event free survival compared to those with GLS &lt; median (log-rank p&lt;0.001) (Figure, top panel). The continuous relationship between GLS and the hazard of death is shown in the cubic spline (Figure, lower panel). By Cox multivariable regression modeling, each 1% worsening in GLS was associated with a 23.6% increased risk-of-death after adjustment for clinical and imaging risk factors (HR=1.236 per %; p&lt;0.001). Addition of GLS in this model resulted in significant-improvement in the global-chi-square (67 to 168; p&lt;0.0001) and Harrel's C-statistic (0.716 to 0.825; p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions CMR feature-tracking derived GLS is a powerful independent predictor of mortality in patients with preserved ejection fraction, incremental to common clinical and imaging risk factors.