gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Electronic Properties of Triplet-State-Engineered Halide Perovskites (2020)

Halide perovskites are currently intensively being investigated for applications in light-emitting diodes for next-generation lighting and display technology. A recent report shows that the control of triplet states is key to efficient light emission in layered quasi-2D perovskite devices. Unlike perovskite solar cells, the effect of spatial variations in the optoelectronic properties of perovskite light-emitting diodes on the overall device performance has scarcely been investigated. Here, we investigate the nanoscale electronic effects of triplet-state management in such materials using scanning probe microscopy under light illumination, in particular, Kelvin probe force microscopy, to study surface potential changes under light illumination. The recently found improvement in the efficiency of light emission can be seen in correlated contact potential differences at grains and grain boundaries under illumination. We also show that surface potential relaxation times after lighting changes depend on the dimensionality of the perovskite material and hole transfer from the perovskite inorganic lattice to the triplet energy level of the 2D spacer layer. Our findings shed new light on the design of halide perovskite-based LEDs and functional materials for improved performance.
Porous Thick Film Lanthanum Strontium Ferrite Stress and Oxygen Surface Exchange Bilayer Curvature Relaxation Measurements (2014)

Here, the chemical oxygen surface exchange coefficient and film stress of porous La0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ (LSF64) thick films were simultaneously measured in situ between 275–375°C and 275–700°C, respectively, using a bilayer curvature measurement technique. The magnitude and activation energy of the porous LSF64 thick film oxygen surface exchange coefficients were consistent with those from large grained, bulk samples. However, unlike large-grained, dilatometry-tested bulk LSF64 samples that only exhibited measurable chemical stress above 525°C, the fine-grained, curvature-tested porous LSF64 thick films studied here exhibited measurable chemical stress over the complete temperature range from 275 to 700°C. Further, the porous LSF64 thick films exhibited a kink in their Arrhenius chemical stress behavior (displaying activation energies of 0.07 eV below 525°C and 0.5 eV above 525°C), suggesting a distinct lattice-dominated chemical stress response above 525°C and a distinct grain-boundary-dominated chemical stress response below 525°C.
Explaining the relationship between socio-economic status and interethnic friendships: The mediating role of preferences, opportunities, and third parties (2020)

Interethnic contact is important for social cohesion and has been shown to vary with people’s socio-economic status (SES). There is some evidence that SES has opposite effects on interethnic contact for non-Western ethnic minorities and for majority members in Western countries. Whereas minority members with a higher SES tend to have more contact with natives, natives with a higher SES tend to have less inter-ethnic contact. To replicate and further understand these contrasting findings, we focused on interethnic friendships in particular and tested simultaneously for majority and minority members whether preferences for cultural similarity, opportunities to meet ethnic others, and disapproval of third parties, mediate the relationship between SES and having interethnic friendships. Analyses of 368 natives and 267 non-Western ethnic minority members in the Netherlands confirmed the contrasting effects of SES on interethnic friendships for these two groups. Importantly, we found that for minority members higher SES was related to more friendships with natives through more meeting opportunities. For natives, higher SES was related to fewer friendships with ethnic minorities, however, this relationship could not be explained by lower meeting opportunities. Preferences for cultural similarity and third-party disapproval did not explain the link between SES and interethnic friendships for any of the two groups.
Transfection of the human heme oxygenase gene into rabbit coronary microvessel endothelial cells: protective effect against heme and hemoglobin toxicity. (1995)

Heme oxygenase (HO) is a stress protein and has been suggested to participate in defense mechanisms against agents that may induce oxidative injury such as metals, endotoxin, heme/hemoglobin, and various cytokines. Overexpression of HO in cells might therefore protect against oxidative stress produced by certain of these agents, specifically heme and hemoglobin, by catalyzing their degradation to bilirubin, which itself has antioxidant properties. We report here the successful in vitro transfection of rabbit coronary microvessel endothelial cells with a functioning gene encoding the human HO enzyme. A plasmid containing the cytomegalovirus promoter and the human HO cDNA complexed to cationic liposomes (Lipofectin) was used to transfect rabbit endothelial cells. Cells transfected with human HO exhibited an approximately 3.0-fold increase in enzyme activity and expressed a severalfold induction of human HO mRNA as compared with endogenous rabbit HO mRNA. Transfected and nontransfected cells expressed factor VIII antigen and exhibited similar acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake (two important features that characterize endothelial cells) with > 85% of cells staining positive for each marker. Moreover, cells transfected with the human HO gene acquired substantial resistance to toxicity produced by exposure to recombinant hemoglobin and heme as compared with nontransfected cells. The protective effect of HO overexpression against heme/hemoglobin toxicity in endothelial cells shown in these studies provides direct evidence that the inductive response of human HO to such injurious stimuli represents an important tissue adaptive mechanism for moderating the severity of cell damage produced by these blood components.
Cleaning of  CHF 3 Plasma‐Etched SiO2/SiN/Cu Via Structures with Dilute Hydrofluoric Acid Solutions (1997)

After etching in a /Ar electron cyclotron resonance plasma, /SiN/Cu via structures for multilevel Cu interconnection were investigated with angle‐resolved x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Photoelectron shadowing, determined by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy takeoff angle, and electrostatic charging were used to determine the chemical composition and amount of contamination on the dielectric horizontal surfaces and via sidewalls, as well as on the Cu at the bottoms of the via holes. All surfaces were covered with one to two monolayers of a layer . The dielectric surfaces were also covered with a small amount (∼0.1 monolayers) of Cu, and the Cu at the bottom of the via was contaminated with O (mainly CuO) and F. After cleaning with dilute HF solution, the dielectric surfaces were free of Cu and most of the F and C. CuO was also removed from the Cu surface by this treatment; however, and remained.
Antimicrobial Activity of New 2-Thioxo-benzo[g]quinazolin-4(3H)-one Derivatives (2016)

Many of the investigated compounds showed potent activity against all tested microbial species. The discovery has provided a foundation for the synthesized compounds to serve as a platform for further design and development of more potent antimicrobial agents.
Induction of Osteopontin by Dengue Virus-3 Infection in THP-1 Cells: Inhibition of the Synthesis by Brefelamide and Its Derivative (2017)

Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional matricellular protein produced by a broad range of cells including osteoclasts, macrophages, T cells, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. OPN modulates various physiological and pathological events such as inflammation, wound healing, and bone formation and remodeling. Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes an increase in plasma OPN levels, which is correlated with the severity of symptoms and coagulation abnormalities. DENV infection also induces <i>OPN</i> gene expression in human macrophages. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of brefelamide and its methyl ether derivative on DENV-3 by measuring changes in OPN levels in human THP-1 and 293T cell lines infected at different multiplicities of infection and post-infection time points. <i>OPN</i> mRNA expression and viral RNA were detected by reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time PCR, whereas protein level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that viral copy number was higher in 293T than in THP-1 cells. However, THP-1 constitutively expressed higher levels of OPN mRNA and protein, which were enhanced by DENV-3 infection. Brefelamide and its derivative suppressed OPN production in DENV-3 infected THP-1 cells; the effective doses of these compounds had no effect on uninfected cells, indicating low cytotoxicity. These results suggest that brefelamide and its methyl ether derivative have therapeutic effects in preventing inflammation, coagulopathy, and fibrinolysis caused by OPN upregulation induced by DENV-3 infection.
ChemInform Abstract: STABILE CARBONIUM‐IONEN 93. MITT. PROTONIERTE THIONOESTER UND DITHIOESTER SOWIE IHRE SPALTUNG IN EINER LOESUNG VON FLUORSULFONSAEURE UND ANTIMONPENTAFLUORID (1970)

Abstract Thionoester (I) werden durch Fluorsulfonsäure/Antimonpentafluorid am Schwefel zu (II) protoniert; lediglich bei dem Isopropylester erfolgen Spaltreaktionen weniger definierter Art.
Motivated defuzzification in totally fuzzy inference (2008)

This paper begins with mathematical background and a review of inference using totally fuzzy sets (also called Omega-valued sets) based mainly on the comprehensive work of U. Hohle. Following reference [1] and especially references [5-6], we delineate the process by which fuzzy inference can be performed using "fuzzy partitions". In this context, and adhering strictly to the mathematics, it becomes apparent that commonly used defuzzification techniques are unmotivated. We propose, in the final section, one way this inference "defect" can be remedied, using the notion of a frame nucleus. This nuclear defuzzification is very different from the usual kind, which is applied ad hoc to the inference results, and amounts to a predefuzzification of the entire inference system.
Lessons learned from 20 years of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (2012)

Most babies with CF without meconium ileus, a family history or antenatal diagnosis are detected by newborn screening. Despite improved sensitivity with the 12-mutation analysis, most infants detected would have been diagnosed using the IRT/p.F508del protocol.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Taiwan Folk Medicine: Wedelia chinensis on Three Hepatotoxin-induced Hepatotoxicity (1994)

The hepatoprotective effects of a Taiwanese crude herb, Hwang-hua-mih-tsay (Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr.), were investigated. Acute hepatitis was induced by three hepatotoxins: carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen in mice, and D(+)-galactosamine in rats. After treatment with W. chinensis (300 mg/kg, p.o.) at 2, 6 and 10 hours, a reduction in the elevation of serum glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and glutamate pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels was observed at 24 hrs after hepatotoxins were administered. These serological observations were confirmed by histopathological examinations. A microscopic examination of the liver showed a marked improvement in groups receiving W. chinensis. In order to further confirm the hepatoprotective effect of W. chinensis, all pharmacological and histopathological effects were compared with Bupleurum chinense DC. (family Umbelliferae), a well documented antihepatotoxicity herb. It was concluded that W. chinensis has a definite hepatoprotective effect against liver injuries.
Hepatoselectivity and the evolution of insulin (2013)

In spite of major developments in insulin production, purification, pharmaceutical formulation and methods of delivery, problems remain both in the day to day management of insulin-treated diabetes and with regard to its long-term complications. The risks of hypoglycaemia and weight gain are major concerns particularly for the patient, and the persistence of microvascular and premature macrovascular complications as the main causes of morbidity and mortality in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is a constant reminder that our therapeutic and management strategies are inadequate. One clear and striking difference between currently available insulin treatments and normal physiology is the relative difference in exposure to insulin of the liver versus peripheral tissues. Hepatoselective insulin analogues have the potential to restore the normal hepatic to peripheral gradient in insulin action. Here, we discuss the possible therapeutic potential that such analogues may have over currently available insulin preparations. These benefits could include a lower risk of hypoglycaemia, less weight gain and a potential reduction in microvascular and macrovascular complications. We explore the evolution of insulin with hepatoselectivity in mind and possible strategies to create hepatoselective insulins.
VEGF increases BMEC monolayer permeability by affecting occludin expression and tight junction assembly (2001)

Tight junctions between brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMECs) maintain the blood-brain barrier. Barrier breakdown is associated with brain tumors and central nervous system diseases. Tumor cell-secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases microvasculature permeability in vivo and is correlated with the induction of clinically severe brain tumor edema. Here we investigated the permeability-increasing effect and tight junction formation of VEGF. By measuring [(14)C]sucrose flux and transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) across BMEC monolayer cultures, we found that VEGF increased sucrose permeability and decreased TER. VEGF also caused a loss of occludin and ZO-1 from the endothelial cell junctions and changed the staining pattern of the cell boundary. Western blot analysis of BMEC lysates revealed that the level of occludin but not of ZO-1 was lowered by VEGF treatment. These results suggest that VEGF increases BMEC monolayer permeability by reducing occludin expression and disrupting ZO-1 and occludin organization, which leads to tight junction disassembly. Occludin and ZO-1 appear to be downstream effectors of the VEGF signaling pathway.
Double-Walled Boron Nitride Nanotubes Grown by Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition (2008)

One-dimensional nanostructures exhibit quantum confinement which leads to unique electronic properties, making them attractive as the active elements for nanoscale electronic devices. Boron nitride nanotubes are of particular interest since, unlike carbon nanotubes, all chiralities are semiconducting. Here, we report a synthesis based on the use of low pressures of the molecular precursor borazine in conjunction with a floating nickelocene catalyst that resulted in the formation of double-walled boron nitride nanotubes. As has been shown for carbon nanotube production, the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method has the potential for creating high quality boron nitride nanostructures with high production volumes.
Ranchero Armature Test LA-43-CT-2: PBXN-110 Explosive with no smoothing layer. Lower Slobovia, 6/13/13 (2014)

This test, documented as LA-43-CT-2, was performed to verify calculations which indicate that the smoothing layer employed for Ranchero Armatures is not required when the slapper point spacing is 18 mm (“On the efficacy of an acrylic layer in the Ranchero armature,” Bob Watt, published in “Ranchero Status Report” LA-14463). [Naming this test –CT-2 acknowledges the previous test performed during 1/11 as the initial test in the series, and we will refer to that test as LA-43-CT-1 in the future.] In addition, higher velocity is achieved when the volume occupied by the smoother is replaced by HE. Two framing cameras were used on the shot, and a 20 point PDV array was fielded to ascertain armature performance in specific conditions. The conclusions are that the armature is smooth enough, and the terminal velocity is increased from ~3.1 mm/μs to ~3.3 mm/μs. The armature tested had casting voids in the HE that were observed in pre-test inspections, and were expected to cause ruptures. (See Appendix 3 of the Ranchero Status Report.) Such “blowouts” were observed in all three locations identified in pre-shot inspection. In addition, ruptures occurred in locations having no pre-shot indication of a problem. These unpredicted blowouts have a difference in appearance from those typically seen. Further visual examination of the inspection radiographs do not reveal the cause, and that is a serious concern for future efforts with such castings. A path forward will include attempting to digitize the inspection x-rays for the charge tested, to see if the cause of the “new” ruptures can be found via computer enhancement. In addition, there are two additional armatures from the same casting lot, and these might also be tested to see if there is some problem with the HE or the armature material in this batch. For now, this plan is on hold, pending the outcome of tests and cost estimates related to using PBX-9501 in place of the PBXN-110. Casting issues would be eliminated in such configurations.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Thiolative Lactonization of Alkynes with Double CO Incorporation (2011)

When the Co2(CO)8-catalyzed reaction of alkynes with thiols is conducted under the pressure of carbon monoxide, a novel thiolative lactonization with simultaneous introduction of two carbon monoxide molecules into the carbon–carbon triple bonds takes place successfully to afford α,β-unsaturated γ-thio-γ-lactones with excellent regioselectivity.
Proposal of Vital Data Analysis Platform using Wearable Sensor (2017)

In this paper, we propose a vital data analysis platform which resolves existing problems to utilize vital data for real-time actions. Recently, IoT technologies have been progressed but in the healthcare area, real-time actions based on analyzed vital data are not considered sufficiently yet. The causes are proper use of analyzing methods of stream / micro batch processing and network cost. To resolve existing problems, we propose our vital data analysis platform. Our platform collects vital data of Electrocardiograph and acceleration using an example of wearable vital sensor and analyzes them to extract posture, fatigue and relaxation in smart phones or cloud. Our platform can show analyzed dangerous posture or fatigue level change. We implemented the platform. And we are now preparing a field test.
The utility of fractal analysis in clinical neuroscience (2015)

Physicians and scientists can use fractal analysis as a tool to objectively quantify complex patterns found in neuroscience and neurology. Fractal analysis has the potential to allow physicians to make predictions about clinical outcomes, categorize pathological states, and eventually generate diagnoses. In this review, we categorize and analyze the applications of fractal theory in neuroscience found in the literature. We discuss how fractals are applied and what evidence exists for fractal analysis in neurodegeneration, neoplasm, neurodevelopment, neurophysiology, epilepsy, neuropharmacology, and cell morphology. The goal of this review is to introduce the medical community to the utility of applying fractal theory in clinical neuroscience.
B cells from p50/NF-kappa B knockout mice have selective defects in proliferation, differentiation, germ-line CH transcription, and Ig class switching (1996)

To better understand the role of NF-kappaB in normal B cell physiology, we used a purified population of resting B cells from p50/NF-kappa B knockout (p50-/-) mice to determine their ability to proliferate, secrete Ig, express germ-line CHRNA, and undergo Ig isotype switching in vitro in response to a number of distinct stimuli. p50-/- B cells proliferated normally in response to dextran-anti-IgD Abs (alpha delta-dex) and membrane-bound, but not soluble, CD40 ligand (CD40), and they were virtually unresponsive to LPS when compared with control B cells. p50-/- B cells secreted markedly reduced Ig in response to alpha delta-dex or mCD40L in the presence of IL-4 + IL-5, despite their relatively normal proliferative rates, whereas normal Ig secretion was restored by the combination of alpha delta-dex and CD40L. p50-/- B cells expressed normal steady-state levels of germ-line CH gamma 1 and CH alpha RNA but markedly reduced germ-line CH gamma 3 and CH epsilon RNA upon appropriate stimulation. Although p50-/- B cells underwent substantial switching to IgG1, a marked reduction in the switch to IgG3 and IgE, as IgA, was observed. These data are the first to demonstrate key, independent roles for p50/NF-kappaB in normal B cell maturation to Ig secretion, germ-line CH gene activation, and Ig class switching, as well as mitogenesis, and provide a powerful and well-defined in vitro model system for studying the role of p50/NF-kappaB in a wide range of normal cellular functions.
Design and synthesis of new trehalose‐conjugated pentapeptides as inhibitors of Aβ(1–42) fibrillogenesis and toxicity (2009)

Aggregation of the amyloid Abeta peptide and its accumulation into insoluble deposits (plaques) are believed to be the main cause of neuronal dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD); small molecules that can interfere with the Abeta amyloid fibril formation are therefore of interest for a potential therapeutic strategy. Three new trehalose-conjugated peptides of the well known beta-sheet breaker peptide iAbeta5p, were synthesized. The disaccharide was covalently attached to different sites of the LPFFD peptide chain, i.e. at the N-terminus, C-terminus or at the Asp side chain. CD spectroscopy in different solvents was used to assess changes in the peptide conformation of these compounds. The effects of these glycopeptides on the self-assembly and morphology of Abeta aggregates were investigated by ThT fluorescence assay and dynamic Scanning Force Microscopy, respectively. All the synthesized compounds were tested as inhibitors of Abeta toxicity toward pure cultures of rat cortical neurons.
Overview of spectrum sensing for cognitive radio (2010)

We present a survey of state-of-the-art algorithms for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio. The algorithms discussed range from energy detection to sophisticated feature detectors. The feature detectors that we present all have in common that they exploit some known structure of the transmitted signal. In particular we treat detectors that exploit cyclostationarity properties of the signal, and detectors that exploit a known eigenvalue structure of the signal covariance matrix. We also consider cooperative detection. Specifically we present data fusion rules for soft and hard combining, and discuss the energy efficiency of several different sensing, sleeping and censoring schemes in detail.
Instability of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones containing tandemly repeated DNA sequences (2001)

The cloning and propagation of large DNA fragments as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) has become a valuable technique in genome research. BAC clones are highly stable in the host, Escherichia coli, a major advantage over yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) in which recombination-induced instability is a major drawback. Here we report that BAC clones containing tandemly repeated DNA elements are not stable and can undergo drastic deletions during routine library maintenance and DNA preparation. Instability was observed in three BAC clones from sorghum, rice, and potato, each containing distinct tandem repeats. As many as 46% and 74% of the single colonies derived from a rice BAC clone containing 5S ribosomal RNA genes had insert deletions after 24 and 120 h of growth, respectively. We also demonstrated that BAC insert rearrangement can occur in the early stage of library construction and duplication. Thus, a minimum growth approach may not avoid the instability problem of such clones. The impact of BAC instability on genome research is discussed.