gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Test of an Extendable Endoprosthesis for Bone Reconstruction in the Leg (1994)

A malignant bone tumour may develop in the femur of a child. In the majority of cases it will be necessary to resect the bone involved, growth plate and adjacent tissues. A modular endoprosthetic system has been developed which can be extended non-invasively to bridge the defect resulting from such a resection. Elongation is achieved by using an external magnetic field. In vitro tests with a prototype showed that the lengthening element met all requirements. Six animal experiments showed that the lengthening element also functioned in vivo.
Preparation of metallic samples for electron backscatter diffraction and its influence on measured misorientation (2011)

Preparation of specimens for electron backscatter diffraction has to be done with great care to ensure a high indexing fraction from high-quality patterns. Despite the amount of published and recommended preparation methods for different materials, detailed information about the preparation parameters are either missing, or different preparation methods are recommended for one material. The aim of this contribution is to compare the application of several preparation techniques on different metallic samples to determine a suitable preparation method for high-quality electron backscatter diffraction measurements for a variety of alloys. From the results obtained, polishing with an oxide polishing suspension is the most appropriate preparation method for the materials and preparation methods investigated. Furthermore, the influence of mechanical polishing as well as of oxide polishing suspension polishing on misorientation is found to be negligible for misorientation angles greater than 1°. In the course of this study the absolute indexing reproducibility of the EBSD-system employed was determined to be 1.18° with respect to the misorientation angle θ.
Structural Effects of Incorporation of 2'‐Deoxy‐2'2'‐Difluorodeoxycytidine (Gemcitabine) in A‐ and B‐Form Duplexes (2021)

We report the structural effect of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine (dFdC) insertions in the DNA strand of a DNA : RNA hybrid duplex and in a self-complementary DNA : DNA duplex. In both cases, the modification slightly destabilizes the duplex and provokes minor local distortions that are more pronounced in the case of the DNA : RNA hybrid. Analysis of the solution structures determined by NMR methods show that dFdC is an adaptable derivative that adopts North type sugar conformation when inserted in pure DNA, or a South sugar conformation in the context of DNA : RNA hybrids. In this latter context, South sugar pucker favors the formation of a 2'F⋅⋅H8 attractive interaction with a neighboring purine, which compensates the destabilizing effect of base pair distortions. These interactions share some features with pseudohydrogen bonds described previously in other nucleic acids structures with fluorine modified sugars.
Three-Dimensional Structure of a γ-Carboxyglutamic Acid-Containing Conotoxin, Conantokin G, from the Marine SnailConus geographus:  The Metal-Free Conformer, (1997)

Conantokin G is a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing conotoxin from the venom of the marine cone snail Conus geographus. The 17-residue peptide, which contains five gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues and an amidated C-terminal asparagine amide, was synthesized chemically in a form identical to the natural conantokin G. To gain insight into the role of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in the structure of this peptide, we determined the three-dimensional structure of conantokin G by 1H NMR and compared its structure to other conotoxins and to the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing regions of the vitamin K-dependent blood-clotting proteins. Complete resonance assignments were made by two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy in the absence of metal ions. NOE cross-peaks d(alphaN), d(NN), and d(betaN) provided interproton distance information, and vicinal spin-spin coupling constants 3J(HN alpha) were used to calculate phi torsion angles. Distance geometry and simulated annealing methods were used to derive 20 convergent structures from a set of 227 interproton distance restraints and 13 torsion angle measurements. The backbone rmsd to the geometric average for 20 final structures is 0.8 +/- 0.1 A. Conantokin G consists of a structured region commencing at Gla 3 and extending through arginine 13. This structure includes a partial loop centered around Gla 3 and Gla 4, a distorted type I turn between glutamine 6 and glutamine 9, and two type I turns involving Gla 10, leucine 11, and isoleucine 12 and arginine 13. Together, these two turns define approximately 1.6 turns of a distorted 3(10) helix. The observed structure possesses structural elements similar to those seen in the disulfide-linked conotoxins.
Topographical Irregularity and Keratoconic Findings in Five Siblings and their Parents (2014)

ABSTRACT Purpose To report the clinical features of five siblings, four of them with positive diagnostic of keratoconus in different degrees of severity as well as their parents findings. Materials and methods Seven elements of the same family, five young siblings (2 males, 3 females), and their parents were screened for potential keratoconic signs. Topographic data from 60 normal eyes are also reported for comparison purposes. Complete ophthalmologic examination including biomicroscopic, topographic and refractive examination. Main outcome measures included biomicroscopic findings, refractive error and visual acuity, simulated keratometry, corneal eccentricity, indices of asymmetry and regularity. Results The more advanced case was present in the left eye of a male member, needing a rigid gas permeable lens to correct irregular astigmatism. Another brother also presented bilateral mild to moderate keratoconus with no apparent vision complaints. The third case diagnosed was one sister with history of monthly disposable soft toric lens to compensate a presumed initially regular astigmatism two years before. The remaining two cases being the older sister and one of the younger sisters presented the less noticeable signs, with confirmation of the pathology only in one of them and warranting a close follow- up of both due to the asymmetric corneal topography between both eyes as well as between the flatter superior and steeper inferior corneal areas. Conclusion This is the first reported case series involving diagnosis of keratoconus or atypical corneal topographies in several young siblings and their parents. Further evaluation of this and other cases with similar presentations might help to gain a deeper understanding on the potential genetic paths of keratoconus. How to cite this article González-Méijome JM, Peixoto-de- Matos SC, Soares A, Queirós A, Díaz-Rey A, Salgado-Borges J. Topographical Irregularity and Keratoconic Findings in Five Siblings and their Parents. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(3):130-135.
JC Viruria Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Diabetic Kidney Disease (2019)

The results from the present study extend the inverse association between urine JCV and nondiabetic nephropathy in African Americans to DKD. These results imply that common pathways likely involving the innate immune system mediate coincident chronic kidney injury and restriction of JCV replication. Future studies are needed to explore causative pathways and characterize whether the absence of JC viruria can serve as a biomarker for DKD in the African American population.
Three-week neonatal hypoxia reduces blood CGRP and causes persistent pulmonary hypertension in rats (2000)

To increase understanding of persistent pulmonary hypertension, we examined chronic pulmonary effects of hypoxia at birth and their relationships with immunoreactive levels of the potent vasodilator, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Rats were born in 10% hypobaric hypoxia, where they remained for 1-2 days, or in 15% hypoxia, where they remained for 21 days. All were then reared in normoxia for 3 mo followed by reexposure to 10% hypoxia for 7 days (H-->H) or continued normoxia (H-->N); age-matched normoxic rats were hypoxic for the last 7 days (N-->H) or normoxic throughout (N-->N). Results are as follows. Pulmonary arterial pressure (P(PA)) in 10% H-->N rats was normal at the end of the experiment (13 wk), but in rats reexposed to hypoxia (H-->H), pressure rose to 19% above N-->H controls. In 15% H-->N rats, P(PA) remained high, similar to that of N-->H rats, and increased further by 40% on reexposure (H-->H). Medial thickness of small pulmonary arteries in 10% H-->H rats also increased by 40% over N-->H controls and was equally high in 15% H-->N and H-->H rats. In N-->H rats from both experiments, right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVH) was increased after hypoxia at 15-16 wk. Also, in the 15% study, RVH remained elevated in H-->N rats and increased in H-->H rats by 19% above N-->H controls. Blood CGRP was reduced by neonate and adult hypoxia, and hypoxic reexposure (H-->H) further lowered blood CGRP in the 15% but not 10% study. Declining left ventricular blood CGRP correlated highly with logarithmically increasing P(PA) in the 15% study (r = -0.81, P = 0.000). In conclusion, 1) short perinatal exposure to 10% O(2) exacerbated pulmonary hypertension with hypoxia later in life, 2) 15% O(2) at birth and for 21 days caused persistent pulmonary hypertension and exacerbation with reexposure, and 3) P(PA) correlated highly with declining blood CGRP levels in the 15% study.
Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of aromatic compounds (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrocatalytic hydrogenation of aromatic compoundsLarry L. Miller and Leif ChristensenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 10, 2059–2061Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00404a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00404a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views907Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preferential Occupation of CO2 Molecules in Hydroquinone Clathrates Formed from CO2/N2 Gas Mixtures (2011)

Organic hydroquinone (HQ) clathrates were synthesized by a gas-phase reaction between HQ and CO2/N2 gas mixtures under high-pressure conditions. The occupation behavior of guests and the gas storage capacity of the HQ clathrates were evaluated using solid-state 13C NMR, Raman spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. An in-depth examination of the solid-state 13C NMR and Raman results shows that CO2 molecules are captured within the HQ clathrate frameworks more easily than N2 molecules. Selectivity analysis indicates that the efficient separation of CO2 from the CO2/N2 mixtures up to 98 mol % can be attained by the formation of the HQ clathrates, depending on the gas compositions. Complete conversion of pure α-form HQ to the HQ clathrates results in a gas storage capacity of 1.98–2.82 mol/kg.
The Porous Structure and Mechanical Properties of Injection Molded HA/PA66 Scaffolds (2014)

Abstract Hydroxyapatite/polyamide-66 (HA/PA66) composite scaffolds were prepared using injection-molding technique, and also analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mechanical testing. Compared with common methods including solvent casting/particulate leaching, phase separation and so forth to fabricate scaffolds, this process is of a rapid and convenient manner. The increase of HA content can increase the stiffness of composite scaffolds accompanied by the reduction of impact strength, pore size and porosity. The storage modulus of composite scaffolds increases with increasing HA content and with decreasing porosity. The damping (tan δ) of PA66 decreases with the increase of HA content, and the α and β relaxation peaks of PA66 for the foamed HA/PA66 composites slightly shift to lower value, indicating that both HA and gas in the foamed HA/PA66 composites have an effect on the chain mobility of the polymer and the interaction between the polymer chains. The microstructure of the 30 wt% and 40 wt% HA/PA66 composite scaffolds with porosity more than 59 % and pore size ranging from 100 to 500 μm is similar to that of dry human trabecular bone. The obtained composite scaffolds with 30 wt% and 40 wt% HA have a compressive modulus of 232 to 443 MPa, and a compressive strength of 9.3 to 9.8 MPa, similar to or a little higher than those of trabecular bone, and close to those of the cancellous bone.
Application of Volterra series in modeling human systemic arteries simulated on PSPICE (2002)

The Volterra series is used for the transient analysis of linear lumped elements in lossy coupled transmission lines with mildly nonlinear terminations. This method is also applied to modeling wavefronts of electrical signals representing blood pressure and flow in human arterial systems which has been modeled as a very nonlinear transmission line. PSPICE software is used to simulate the transient behaviour of the system.
Megalocytiviruses (2012)

The genus Megalocytivirus, represented by red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), the first identified and one of the best characterized megalocytiviruses, Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), the type species of the genus, and numerous other isolates, is the newest genus within the family Iridoviridae. Viruses within this genus are causative agents of severe disease accompanied by high mortality in multiple species of marine and freshwater fish. To date outbreaks of megalocytivirus-induced disease have occurred primarily in south-east Asia and Japan, but infections have been detected in Australia and North America following the importation of infected ornamental fish. The first outbreak of megalocytiviral disease was recorded in cultured red sea bream (Pagrus major) in Japan in 1990 and was designated red sea bream iridovirus disease (RSIVD). Following infection fish became lethargic and exhibited severe anemia, petechiae of the gills, and enlargement of the spleen. Although RSIV was identified as an iridovirus, sequence analyses of RSIV genes revealed that the virus did not belong to any of the four known genera within the family Iridoviridae. Thus a new, fifth genus was established and designated Megalocytivirus to reflect the characteristic presence of enlarged basophilic cells within infected organs. Indirect immunofluorescence tests employing recently generated monoclonal antibodies and PCR assays are currently used in the rapid diagnosis of RSIVD. For disease control, a formalin-killed vaccine was developed and is now commercially available in Japan for several fish species. Following the identification of RSIV, markedly similar viruses such as infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), dwarf gourami iridovirus (DGIV), turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), Taiwan grouper iridovirus (TGIV), and rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) were isolated in East and Southeast Asia. Phylogenetic analyses of the major capsid protein (MCP) and ATPase genes indicated that although these viruses shared considerable sequence identity, they could be divided into three tentative species, represented by RSIV, ISKNV and TRBIV, respectively. Whole genome analyses have been reported for several of these viruses. Sequence analysis detected a characteristic difference in the genetic composition of megalocytiviruses and other members of the family in reference to the large and small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase (RR-1, RR‑2). Megalocytiviruses contain only the RR-2 gene, which is of eukaryotic origin; whereas the other genera encode both the RR-1 and RR-2 genes which are thought to originate from Rickettsia-like α-proteobacteria.
Analytic synchronization conditions for a network of Wilson and Cowan oscillators (2015)

We investigate the problem of synchronization in a network of homogeneous Wilson-Cowan oscillators with diffusive coupling. Such networks can be used to model the behavior of populations of neurons in cortical tissue, referred to as neural mass models. A new approach is proposed to address local synchronization for these types of neural mass models. By exploiting the linearized model around a limit cycle, we analyze synchronization within a network for weak, intermediate, and strong coupling. We use two-time scale averaging and the Chetaev theorem to analytically check the absence or presence of synchronization in the network with weak coupling. We also utilize the Chetaev theorem to analytically prove synchronization death in a network with strong coupling. For intermediate coupling, we use a recently proposed numerical approach to prove synchronization in the network. Simulation results confirm and illustrate our results.
The Electrochemical Performance of Mg-F Co-doped Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery (2019)

The Mg doped and Mg-F co-doped spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 nanoparticles have been synthesized using a rheological method and investigated as high voltage cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The results demonstrate that the Mg-F co-doped LiNi0.5Mg0.2Mn1.3O3.8F0.4 cathodes present an improved electrochemical performance over the pristine and Mg doped samples. After cycling at different current densities at 55 °C, the discharge capacities are 101.4 mAh g-1 for the LiNi0.5Mg0.2Mn1.3O3.8F0.4 cathode (90 % of the capacity retention), 73.3 mAh g-1 for the LiNi0.5Mg0.2Mn1.3O4 sample (71 % of the capacity retention), and 43.1 mAh g-1 for the pristine LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material (49 % of the capacity retention). The remarkable performances may be attributed to the doping of Mg ions which in turn suppress the John-Teller effect by increasing the average oxidation state of Mn ions. Furthermore, the doping of F ions provide a more stable crystal structures and smaller charge transfer resistance.
Atypical PKC and Notch Inhibition Differentially Modulate Cortical Interneuron Subclass Fate from Embryonic Stem Cells (2017)

Recent studies indicate that the location of neurogenesis within the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) critically influences the fate determination of cortical interneuron subgroups, with parvalbumin (Pv) interneurons originating from subventricular zone divisions and somatostatin (Sst) interneurons primarily arising from apical divisions. The aPKC-CBP and Notch signaling pathways regulate the transition from apical to basal progenitor and their differentiation into post-mitotic neurons. We find that aPKC inhibition enhances intermediate neurogenesis from stem cell-derived MGE progenitors, resulting in a markedly increased ratio of Pv- to Sst-expressing interneurons. Conversely, inhibition of Notch signaling enriches for Sst subtypes at the expense of Pv fates. These findings confirm that the mode of neurogenesis influences the fate of MGE-derived interneurons and provide a means of further enrichment for the generation of specific interneuron subgroups from pluripotent stem cells.
Extended Pre-exposure Prophylaxis With Lopinavir-Ritonavir Versus Lamivudine to Prevent HIV-1 Transmission Through Breastfeeding Up to 50 Weeks in Infants in Africa (ANRS 12174) (2016)

(Abstracted from Lancet 2016;387:566–573) Worldwide, breast-feeding remains a key time during which mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) occurs. Interestingly, despite breast-feeding being recommended up to 12 months after birth, strategies to prevent postnatal mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Africa, including infant prophylaxis, have never been assessed past 6 months of breast-feeding.
Relationships between lightning and properties of convective cloud clusters (2007)

Satellite observations of convective system properties and lightning flash rate are used to investigate the ability of potential lightning parameterizations to capture both the dominant land‐ocean contrast in lightning occurrence and regional differences between Africa, the Amazon and the islands of the maritime continent. As found in previous studies, the radar storm height is tightly correlated with the lightning flash rate. A roughly second order power‐law fit to the mean radar echo top height above the 0°C isotherm is shown to capture both regional and land‐ocean contrasts in lightning occurrence and flash rate using a single set of parameters. Recent developments should soon make it possible to implement a parameterization of this kind in global models. Parameterizations based on cloud top height, convective rain rate and convective rain fraction all require the use of separate fits over land and ocean and fail to capture observed differences between continental regions.
Preparation of Pure Copper Powder from Acidic Copper Chloride Waste Etchant (2009)

为从氯化铜溶液再循环铜的方法被开发。这个过程由铜，纯化和粒子尺寸减小的抽取组成。在第一步，减少的金属碎片被加到废物迷住的酸的氯化铜在聚氯联苯工业生产了获得铜粉。作文分析证明这粉末包含了象 Fe， Ni，和水那样的杂质。那么，弄干并且纯化被使用微波和一个离心分离器执行。从而，铜粉有纯净比 99% 高、球形在形态学的形式。铜粉尺寸被球 milling 减少。
Fingerprint dynamics: A novel biometrics for personal authentication (2016)

Biometric has emerged as an eminent solution to different security and privacy issue of access control applications. Recently many novel physiological and behavioral characteristics have been used as biometric identifiers. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on behavioral characteristics, namely Fingerprint Dynamics. The technique is validated as a standalone identity verification system. For this a dataset from 19 individuals is collected in form of multi-instance fingerprint scan events. The behavioral characteristics associated with fingerprint scan events is analyzed. An acquisition setup (hardware) is also devised to capture the user data. A neural network based classifier is used for the purpose of identity verification. Aim of this paper is to assess the potential of fingerprint dynamics to uniquely epitomize a person based on his behavioral characteristics. Verification experiment in presence of zero-effort imposter attack confirms the discriminating capability of proposed technique.