gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ECG-guided central venous catheter positioning: does it detect the pericardial reflection rather than the right atrium? (2004)

Background and objective: Although electrocardiography (ECG) guidance of central venous catheters (CVCs) is traditionally thought to detect the entrance into the right atrium (RA), there is little evidence in the literature to confirm this. We previously observed a high incidence of left-sided CVCs abutting the wall of the superior vena cava (SVC), even when the catheters were advanced past the point of increased P-wave amplitude. Our hypothesis was that this ECG amplitude signal is actually detecting the pericardial reflection rather than the RA. The goal of the study was to position catheter tips under ECG guidance outside the RA. Methods: One-hundred central venous triple-lumen catheters inserted either via the right or the left internal jugular veins, respectively, were analysed in cardiac surgical patients. The position of the catheter tip was ascertained by ECG. Method A: A Seldinger guide-wire in the distal lumen served as exploring electrode, the respective insertion depth was recorded. Method B: The middle lumen (port opening 2.5 cm from the catheter tip, thus the catheter was advanced more towards the atrium) filled with a saline 10% fluid column served as the exploring electrode, and the insertion depth was recorded again. Descriptive data are given as mean ± standard deviation. Results: On average, the catheters were advanced by the expected 2 ± 0.3 cm using Method B beyond the initial insertion by Method A. All 100 CVCs were finally correctly positioned in the SVC and confirmed by transoesophageal echocardiography. When chest radiography was performed after surgery not a single catheter abutted the lateral wall of the SVC. Conclusion: Since both methods detected the same structure, and catheters placed by Method B did not result in intra-atrial CVC tip position, the first increase in P-wave amplitude does correspond to a structure in the SVC, most likely the pericardial reflection.
Lokivetmab therapy for pruritus in a dog with cutaneous mastocytosis (2018)

Lokivetmab treatment was effective in resolving and maintaining pruritus remission in this dog with widespread cutaneous mast cell disease. Whether CM in dogs represent a separate entity that should be distinguished from a low-grade MCT requires further investigation.
Temporal-Spatial Mapping for Action Recognition (2018)

Deep learning models have enjoyed great success for image related computer vision tasks like image classification and object detection. For video related tasks like human action recognition, however, the advancements are not as significant yet. The main challenge is the lack of effective and efficient models in modeling the rich temporal spatial information in a video. We introduce a simple yet effective operation, termed Temporal-Spatial Mapping (TSM), for capturing the temporal evolution of the frames by jointly analyzing all the frames of a video. We propose a video level 2D feature representation by transforming the convolutional features of all frames to a 2D feature map, referred to as VideoMap. With each row being the vectorized feature representation of a frame, the temporal-spatial features are compactly represented, while the temporal dynamic evolution is also well embedded. Based on the VideoMap representation, we further propose a temporal attention model within a shallow convolutional neural network to efficiently exploit the temporal-spatial dynamics. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme achieves the state-of-the-art performance, with 4.2% accuracy gain over Temporal Segment Network (TSN), a competing baseline method, on the challenging human action benchmark dataset HMDB51.
Supplementary Figures and Tables from Randomized Phase IIB Trial of the Lignan Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside in Premenopausal Women at Increased Risk for Development of Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures and Tables&lt;/p&gt;
New safety margins for chin bone harvesting based on the course of the mandibular incisive canal in CT (2008)

Applying the new safety recommendations and proper patient selection in chin bone harvesting could reduce the risk of altered postoperative tooth sensitivity due to injury of the mandibular incisive nerve.
Local equilibrium hypothesis and Taylor’s dissipation law (2016)

To qualitatively investigate the validity of Kolmogorov local equilibrium hypothesis and the Taylor dissipation law, we conduct direct numerical simulations of the three-dimensional turbulent Kolmogorov flow. Since strong scale-by-scale (i.e. Richardson-type) energy cascade events occur quasi-periodically, the kinetic energy of the turbulence and its dissipation rate evolve quasi-periodically too. In this unsteady turbulence driven by a steady force, instantaneous values of the dissipation rate obey the scaling recently discovered in wind tunnel experiments (Vassilicos 2015 Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 47 95–114) instead of the Taylor dissipation law. The Taylor dissipation law does not hold because the local equilibrium hypothesis does not hold in a relatively low wave-number range. The breakdown of this hypothesis is caused by the finite time needed for the energy at such large scales to reach the dissipative scale by the scale-by-scale energy cascade.
Enhanced Rate of Arene Hydrogenation with Imidazolium Functionalized Bipyridine Stabilized Rhodium Nanoparticle Catalysts (2011)

The imidazolium functionalized bipyridine compounds, {4,4'-bis[7-(2,3-dimethylimidazolium)heptyl]-2,2'-bipyridine}(2+) ([BIHB](2+)) and {4,4'-bis[(1,2-dimethylimidazolium)methyl]-2,2'-bipyridine}(2+) ([BIMB](2+)), were prepared and used as Rh nanoparticle stabilizers. The dispersed Rh nanoparticles were used as catalysts in the biphasic hydrogenation of various arene substrates. The catalytic activity was strongly influenced by the stabilizer employed and followed the trend [BIHB](2+) > bipy > [BIMB](2+). The steric and electronic characteristics of the imidazolium functionalized bipyridine ligands were assessed via the synthesis of rhenium carbonyl complexes, which facilitated the rationalization of the catalytic properties of the nanoparticles.
[Characteristics of the karyotype changes in Djungarian hamster cells resistant to methotrexate]. (1983)

The chromosomes stained by trypsin G-banding technique were studied in five Djungarian hamster cell sublines, resistant to different concentrations of methotrexate. In all cells of two independent sublines, approximately 13 times more resistant to the drug, an additional material on the distal part of the short arm of chromosome 3 was revealed. The size and banding pattern of this new material were different in two sublines and in individual cells of each subline. In cells, which were 25-fold resistant to methotrexate, the additional material was found both in the short arm of chromosome 3 and in the long arm of chromosome 4. In some cells the additional material in chromosome 4 contained the long homogeneously staining regions (HSRs). In a subline which was 100-fold resistant to methotrexate, all cells had the chromosome 4 bearing the long HSR. The further increase in the level of drug resistance (300-fold) was accompanied by the increase in the size of HSRs in chromosome 4, the appearance of the second HSR in the short arm of chromosome 3 and emergence of small chromatin bodies. In cells with trisomy 4 and a low level of colchicine-resistance, methotrexate-resistance arises more frequently than in colchicine-sensitive cells bearing two chromosomes 4, or in cells possessing the high level of colchicine-resistance and trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 4 only. The similarities and differences of karyotypic alterations accompanying the development of colchicine- and methotrexate-resistance in Djungarian hamster cells, are discussed.
Ion-optics calculations of the LLNL AMS system for biochemical 14C measurements (1999)

No abstract prepared.
Synthesis and anti-HIV Activity of a Series of 2-Indolinones and Related Analogues (1993)

A novel series of 2-indolinones with in vitro anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) activity is described. Two structurally related compounds, 1, 3,3-(4- N-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridylmethyl)-1- phenyl-2-indolinone, and 2, its 4- N-methylpiperidinylmethyl analogue (Fig. 1), formed the basis of a structure-activity study. The synthesis of approximately 50 analogues and their respective activities vs. HIV are presented. Both 1 and 2 were effective inhibitors of HIV(IIIb) in cell protection assays with IC 90 values of 4.4 and 14.9μM (2.2 and 7.9μg ml −1 ), respectively. In the same concentration range, 1 and 2 also inhibit syncytia formation. These compounds represent a novel class of anti-HIV agents which appear to act by inhibiting virus-dependent cell fusion.
Isolation and sequence analysis of peptides from the venom of Protonectarina sylveirae (hymenoptera‐vespidae) (1993)

Three new venom peptides were isolated from the Brazilian wasp; Protonectarina sylveirae and their complete amino acid sequences were determined by Edman degradation as well as by FAB-mass spectrometry. One (P-8) of them was a new analog of mastoparan family; therefore, we named it Protonectarina mastoparan. Another peptide (P-10) had an amino acid sequence homology with Ves-CP-T, a chemotactic peptide of wasp venom, and bombolitin-V, the venom peptide from bumblebee. The third peptide (P-6) was structurally unique, possessing an intramolecular disulfide bond. Not only Protonectarina mastoparan (P-8) but also P-6 and P-10 caused histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells as potently as mastoparan (EC50s were about 1 x 10(-6) M for P-6 and 2 x 10(-6) M for P-10). In addition, P-10 in a concentration higher than 1 x 10(-5) M induced hemolysis though whose hemolytic activity was about a half potency of that of mastoparan. However, P-6 did not cause hemolysis up to the concentration of 10 microM. We have named them sylverin for the peptide P-6 and protonectin for the peptide P-10.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed β Arylation of Carboxylic Esters. (2011)

Abstract The lithium enolates formed in situ from carboxylic acid esters by treatment with LiNCy 2 are arylated at the β‐position instead at the more common α‐position by aryl halides bearing at the ortho‐position electronegative substituents.
LQF: Linear Quadratic Fine-Tuning (2021)

Classifiers that are linear in their parameters, and trained by optimizing a convex loss function, have predictable behavior with respect to changes in the training data, initial conditions, and optimization. Such desirable properties are absent in deep neural networks (DNNs), typically trained by non-linear fine-tuning of a pre-trained model. Previous attempts to linearize DNNs have led to interesting theoretical insights, but have not impacted the practice due to the substantial performance gap compared to standard non-linear optimization. We present the first method for linearizing a pre-trained model that achieves comparable performance to non-linear fine-tuning on most of real-world image classification tasks tested, thus enjoying the interpretability of linear models without incurring punishing losses in performance. LQF consists of simple modifications to the architecture, loss function and optimization typically used for classification: Leaky-ReLU instead of ReLU, mean squared loss instead of cross-entropy, and pre-conditioning using Kronecker factorization. None of these changes in isolation is sufficient to approach the performance of non-linear fine-tuning. When used in combination, they allow us to reach comparable performance, and even superior in the low-data regime, while enjoying the simplicity, robustness and interpretability of linear-quadratic optimization.
Plesioungella kathleenae gen. n. et sp. n. (Nematoda: Drilonematoidea) from the Australian endemic megascoiecid earthworm Fletcherodrilus unicus (Fletcher, 1889) (1998)

Abstract Plesioungella kathleenae gen. n. et sp. n. is described from the coelom of the earthworm Fletcherodrilus unicus (Fletcher, 1889), collected in New South Wales. It represents the first nematode of the superfamily Drilonematoidea described from Australia. P. kathleenae gen. n. et sp. n. is characterised by the presence of two thin hooks on the anterior body end, large circular suckers on the tail, and small spines on the eggshell. The male of P. kathleenae gen. n. et sp. n. differs from all other ungellids by the two rows of subventral papillae on the tail and the unusual spicula with ventro‐lateral pieces. Juveniles and a single female of an undescribed thelastomatid nematode were also found in the same earthworm host.
An Exploration of Factors Influencing Adjustment Among Relocating Rural Elders (1996)

The aim of this preliminary qualitative study was to examine factors influencing the adjustment of 34 elderly people relocating to an age-segregated planned housing unit in a rural community. Factors identified as affecting urban relocation were explored as a basis for developing a greater understanding of rural elders. Data from open-ended interviews were analyzed through sorting into categories by themes. Inclusion of factors reported to influence relocation among urban-dwelling elders in rural relocation research was validated through the template analytic technique. Content analysis resulted in support for the variables of predictability, controllability, social support and interaction, recency of loss, and prior life satisfaction as potential influences on post-relocation adjustment. Health professionals can ease adjustment through increased understanding of the factors that affect adjustment to relocation. Based on these preliminary findings, a more comprehensive study of relocation among the rural aged is warranted.
Mass Flux Distribution of Spray Formed by Liquid Jet Disintegration in Subsonic Air Streams. (1995)

The mass flux distribution of spray formed by liquid jet disintegration in subsonic air streams was measured experimentally, and the empirical equation of the mass flux distribution was deduced. The configuration of the upper profile of the spray mass flux in the liquid injection direction above the peak of the profile is different with that of the lower profile. With increasing the momentum ratio of the liquid and the air, the location in the liquid injection direction where the mass flux becomes maximum is elevated, and the maximum mass flux decreases. With increasing momentum ratio, the number of spray droplets formed at the liquid jet surface before the liquid jet breakup point increases, and contour lines of the spray mass flux show a kidney-shaped configuration near the liquid jet breakup point. Downstream of the liquid jet breakup point the maximum mass flux decreases, and the mass flux profile becomes flatter.
Avoiding replay-attacks in a face recognition system using head-pose estimation (2004)

The subject is a challenge response mechanism used as an optional add-on to the face recognition part of the multi modal biometric authentication system "BioID". This mechanism greatly enhances security in regard to replay attacks. The user is required to look into a certain direction, which is randomly chosen by the system. By estimating the head pose, the system verifies the user's response to the direction challenge. The pose estimation is based on detection and subsequent tracking of suitable facial features. Experimental evaluations have shown the effectiveness of the approach against replay attacks.
Spec-ResNet: A General Audio Steganalysis scheme based on Deep Residual Network of Spectrogram (2019)

The widespread application of audio and video communication technology make the compressed audio data flowing over the Internet, and make it become an important carrier for covert communication. There are many steganographic schemes emerged in the mainstream audio compression data, such as AAC and MP3, followed by many steganalysis schemes. However, these steganalysis schemes are only effective in the specific embedded domain. In this paper, a general steganalysis scheme Spec-ResNet (Deep Residual Network of Spectrogram) is proposed to detect the steganography schemes of different embedding domain for AAC and MP3. The basic idea is that the steganographic modification of different embedding domain will all introduce the change of the decoded audio signal. In this paper, the spectrogram, which is the visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies of audio signal, is adopted as the input of the feature network to extract the universal features introduced by steganography schemes; Deep Neural Network Spec-ResNet is well-designed to represent the steganalysis feature; and the features extracted from different spectrogram windows are combined to fully capture the steganalysis features. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme has good detection accuracy and generality. The proposed scheme has better detection accuracy for three different AAC steganographic schemes and MP3Stego than the state-of-arts steganalysis schemes which are based on traditional hand-crafted or CNN-based feature. To the best of our knowledge, the audio steganalysis scheme based on the spectrogram and deep residual network is first proposed in this paper. The method proposed in this paper can be extended to the audio steganalysis of other codec or audio forensics.
A Framework for Integrating NPS Pollution Prevention and Optimal Perennial Groundwater Yield Planning (1993)

Water management agencies are responsible for protecting and guaranteeing the sustained availability of groundwater of adequate quality. The presented procedure helps determine water Best Management Practices (BMP) necessary for protecting groundwater quality while maintaining agricultural production. The procedure describes a conjunctive water management model for an irrigated area assumed to be composed of several subsystems. The procedure utilizes a transient multilayer groundwater hydraulic simulation/optimization (S/O) model. Included are constraints describing groundwater flow, volume balance equations interrelating hydrologic and management subsystems, and constraints describing the irrigation technology and management interests.
The principal equations of state for classical particles, photons, and neutrinos (2013)

Functions, not dynamical equations, are the definitive mathematical objects in equilibrium thermodynamics. However, more than one function is often described as “the” equation of state for any one physical system. Usually these so named equations only capture incomplete physical content in the relationships between thermodynamic variables, while other equations, no less worthy of the name equation of state, go inconsistently by other names. While this approach to terminology can be bewildering to newcomers, it also obscures crucial properties of thermodynamic systems generally. We introduce specific principal equations of state and their complements for ideal gases, photons, and neutrinos that have the complete thermodynamic content from which all other forms can be easily deduced. In addition to effortlessly clarifying many smaller classical issues, they also make properties like the second law of thermodynamics and local thermodynamic equilibrium completely visual
Regionally-derived cell populations and skeletal stem cells from human foetal femora exhibit specific osteochondral and multi-lineage differentiation capacity in vitro and ex vivo (2015)

Distinct populations were isolated from human foetal femora expressing osteochondral differentiation capacity. Stro-1 immuno-selected SSCs were isolated from whole femora expressing desirable multi-lineage differentiation capacity over prolonged in vitro expansion, superior to their adult-derived counterparts, providing a valuable cell source with which to study bone biology and skeletal development.
Counteracting the Dynamical Degradation of Digital Chaos by Applying Stochastic Jump of Chaotic Orbits (2019)

The performance of digital chaotic systems in secure communications and cryptographic applications is significantly degraded due to the limited precision of digital computational devices that are used to implement digital chaotic systems. However, regardless of the initial value, the digital chaotic map employed in these applications converges to several periodic orbits. Thus, a periodic orbit search algorithm (POSA) can be designed to accurately locate fixed points and limit cycles. In addition, an effective method based on stochastic jumps of chaotic orbits is proposed to counteract the performance degradation of digital chaos. Numerical simulations were performed to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method in terms of autocorrelation, phase space inspection, approximate entropy and periodicity analysis. Furthermore, comparison with other existing methods is presented to show the competitiveness of the proposed scheme. Finally, a pseudorandom bit generator (PRBG), with desirable statistical properties, is constructed for chaos cryptography and other applications.
Thixotropic gel properties in the osteoarthritis treatment and for cell scaffolding (2004)

The use of polysaccharide hydrogels with thixotropic properties in the osteoarthritis treatment and for cell scaffolding was investigated. The hydrogels which were synthesized by crosslinking the hyaluronane, alginate or carboxymethylcellulose chains with an alkylic diamine exhibited the thixotropic properties. The hydrogel were modified to obtain a microporous structure by stratifying the crosslinked polysaccharide gel on filter with pores of known diameter and forcing CO2 bubbles through the filter. The microporous hydrogels showed a lower water uptake and increased the mechanical properties. The results show that the alginate and carboxymethylcellulose gels are good scaffolds for the cells which adhere and spread into the hydrogels.
Defect detection in additively manufactured lattices (2020)

This paper investigates fast and inexpensive measurement methods for defect detection in parts produced by Additive Manufacturing (AM) with special focus on lattice parts made of ceramics. By Lithography-based Ceramic Manufacturing, parts were built both without defects and with typical defects intentionally introduced. These defects were investigated and confirmed by industrial X-ray Computed Tomography. Alternative inexpensive methods were applied afterwards on the parts such as weighing, volume determination by Archimedes method and gas permeability measurement. The results showed, that defects resulting in around 20% of change in volume and mass could be separated from parts free of defects by determination of mass or volume. Minor defects were not detectable as they were in the range of process-related fluctuations. Permeability measurement did not allow to safely identify parts with defects. The measurement methods investigated can be easily integrated in AM process chains to support quality control.