gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miniature ion mobility spectrometer cell (1986)

A miniature ion mobility spectrometer call using resistive coated ceramic electrodes is described. Its construction, performance and results of parametric studies are reported. The cell has a total ion current in the range 1 to 8*10-10 A and a minimum baseline ion current of 1.9*10-11 A. The total ion current less baseline ion current difference affects sensitivity through scaling relationships with the reactant and product ion currents. Because a membrane inlet is used for sample introduction, the carrier and drift gas flow rates both affect sensitivity. Although protonated quasi-molecular ions of sample molecules are found to be stable in the cell, protonated dimer ions dissociate in the higher electric fields which can be applied to the cell. Resolution of ion mobility peaks scales as the two-thirds power of the drift length squared divided by the gate width applied to the shutter grid. A microprocessor-controlled environmental monitoring system has been assembled using the cell as a sensor.
Abstract 4089: Antitumor activity of eribulin in combination with anti-PD1 antibody in a mouse syngeneic breast cancer model (2019)

Abstract Eribulin is a synthetic analog of halichondrin B, which is isolated from the marine sponge natural product, as the first halichondrin class of microtubule dynamics inhibitors. Its clinical formulation is currently approved for advanced breast cancer (BC) and advanced liposarcoma in numerous countries. Eribulin shows antitumor activity through cell death induction by an antimitotic effect, and modulation of tumor microenvironment that include vascular remodeling, and reversal of EMT in some of preclinical subcutaneous xenograft models. Effects of eribulin on tumor microenvironment led us to test combination of eribulin with anti-PD1 blockades, and Phase2 clinical study of eribulin in combination with pembrolizumab for metastatic BC patients is in progress. In this study, we investigated antitumor activity of eribulin in combination with anti-PD1 mAb in preclinical mouse BC model using 4T1 cells. Because parent 4T1 cells express P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and eribulin is a substrate of Pgp, we established Pgp-knockout (Pgp-KO) mouse 4T1 BC cells to examine combination antitumor activity of eribulin with anti-PD1 antibody. We used a clone 31 of Pgp-KO 4T1 (#31) cells, which maintains similar tumor phenotypes to parent 4T1 orthotropic transplantation (OT) models, such as growth rate and formation of metastasis. Eribulin inhibited in vitro proliferation of Pgp-KO 4T1 (#31) cells with a lower concentration compared to parent 4T1 cells. Eribulin were intravenous administered at 1 mg/kg with either Q7Dx2 or Q4Dx3 in the combination with anti-PD1 mAb, 200 µg/head, Q3Dx10 in the Pgp-KO 4T1 (#31) OT model (6 mice per a treatment group). Anti-PD1 mAb did not clearly show in vivo antitumor activity. Treatments of eribulin by Q4Dx3 showed enhanced antitumor activity in the combination compared to each single treatment, and all tumors became non-palpable in the combination group. On the other hand, weekly treatments of eribulin did not enhance antitumor activity in the combination with anti-PD1 mAb, although eribulin single treatment significantly inhibited in vivo tumor growth of Pgp-KO 4T1 (#31) tumors. These preclinical results provide preclinical rationale for clinical testing of eribulin in combination with anti-PD1 blockades in patients with BC, and further preclinical analysis of MOA of combination antitumor activity of eribulin with anti-PD1 antibody is warranted. Citation Format: Taro Semba, Kimiyo Tabata, Yoichi Ozawa, Saori Watanabe Miyano, Junji Matsui, Yasuhiro Funahashi. Antitumor activity of eribulin in combination with anti-PD1 antibody in a mouse syngeneic breast cancer model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4089.
Private-Capacity Bounds for Bosonic Wiretap Channels (2012)

We prove an upper bound on the private capacity of the single-mode noiseless bosonic wiretap channel. Combined with a previous lower bound, we obtain the low photon-number asymptotic expression for the private capacity. We then show that the multiple-mode noiseless bosonic wiretap channel is equivalent to parallel single-mode channels, hence the single-mode bounds can be applied. Finally, we consider multiple-spatial-mode propagation through atmospheric turbulence, and derive a private-capacity lower bound that only requires second moments of the channel matrix.
Sonografische Mikrokalkdetektion – Potenzial einer neuen Methode (2012)

Zusammenfassung Ziel: Ermöglicht die erleichterte Mikrokalkdetektionsmethode (EMD) die sonografische Mikrokalkdarstellung an stereotaktisch gewonnenen Mammastanzzylindern im Vergleich zur Mammografie? Material und Methoden: In einer prospektiv randomisierten Studie wurden 105 stereotaktisch gewonnen Stanzzylinder mammografisch und sonografisch untersucht. Die EMD-Methode, integriert in ein High-end-Ultraschallsystem, bestand aus 3 Einstellungsstufen (0 – 2 blau, 3 – 5 violett und 6 – 8 schwarz-weiß, 14 MHz). Die Anzahl der Mikroverkalkungen pro Stanze wurde für beide Verfahren bestimmt. Die EMD-Bildqualität konnte auf einer Skala von 1 – 9 beurteilt werden. ANOVA und Post-Hoc nach Sidak, Regressionsanalyse nach Pearson (r) und Spearmansche Rangrelationskorrelation (rho) wurden ermittelt. Der Intraklassen-Korrelationskoeffizient (ICC) wurde berechnet und eine ROC-Analyse durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Die blaue Farbmappe 1 wurde mit 1,5 ± 0,7 (MW) am besten bewertet (p&lt; 0,05 im Vergleich zu schwarz-weiß und violett). Bei einer guter Korrelation der Verfahren (r = 0,708 und rho = 0,694) lag die Anzahl der erkannten Mikroverkalkungen pro Stanze bei 3,5 ± 3,1 sonografisch und 4,3 ± 4,8 mammografisch (p&gt; 0,05). Der ICC zeigte mit 0,773 eine nur geringe Abweichung der Verfahren. Basierend auf dem histologischen Nachweis der Verkalkungen war die Mammografie der Sonografie in der ROC-Analyse überlegen (AUC = 0,837 vs. AUC = 0,728). Schlussfolgerung: Die sonografische Mikrokalkdetektion mittels EMD-Methode korreliert gut mit der digitalen Mammografie an stereotaktisch gewonnenen Stanzen. Die Verfahren weichen gering zugunsten der Mammografie voneinander ab.
A Beam-Propagation Method Using Both Electric and Magnetic Fields (2011)

The power evaluation in the beam-propagation method is reconsidered to overcome the problem that the power is not conserved during the propagation process. The Fresnel equations based on the electric and magnetic fields are solved in parallel, and both fields are employed for the power expression based on the Poynting vector. A spot-size and a polarization converter with a high-index contrast are analyzed and discussed.
Design of graphene-coated hollow mesoporous carbon spheres as high performance electrodes for capacitive deionization (2014)

Graphene-coated hollow mesoporous carbon spheres are rationally designed and originally used as efficient electrode materials for capacitive deionization.
ChemInform Abstract: HALOMETHYL‐METAL COMPOUNDS PART 68, INSERTION OF PHENYL(BROMODICHLOROMETHYL)MERCURY‐DERIVED DICHLOROCARBENE INTO BENZYLIC CARBON‐HYDROGEN BONDS, STEREOCHEMISTRY AND MECHANISM (1973)

Abstract Die Hg‐Verbindung (I) wird mit dem (+)‐Phenylbutan (II) zum Einschiebungsreaktionsprodukt (+)‐(III) umgesetzt.
Passive optical receiver for visible light communication (VLC) (2015)

We demonstrate using solar cell as optical receiver (Rx) for visible light communication (VLC). The solar cell is low cost and can convert the VLC optical signal into electrical signal without external power supply. As the response of the solar cell is very limited; we also propose and demonstrate using pre-distortion to significantly enhance the response of the solar cell Rx. A VLC capacity of 0.4 Mbit/s at bit-error-rate (BER) of 10-9 under wireless transmission distance of 75 cm; and a capacity of 0.3 Mbit/s at BER of 10-9 under wireless transmission distance of 125 cm can be achieved.
Electron Spin Resonance of CaF2:H (1964)

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Prognostic Significance of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and the Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Treated With Adjuvant Trastuzumab (2015)

Abundant TILs are an independent prognostic factor in HR-/HER2+ breast cancers. Evaluation of TILs in HR-/HER2+ breast cancers may provide valuable information regarding the prognosis of patients treated using adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab.
Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b invasive disease in Wales. (1991)

The annual rate of infection in children aged under 5 in four Welsh counties was 12-44% higher than that previously published for the United Kingdom. The study emphasises the potential value of a vaccine effective in early infancy and provides baseline data to assess its efficacy after its introduction. Alternatives to ampicillin and chloramphenicol should be used as first line, empirical treatment for severe infections that might be caused by H influenzae type b in Wales.
New Interpretable Patterns and Discriminative Features from Brain Functional Network Connectivity using Dictionary Learning (2023)

Independent component analysis (ICA) of multi-subject functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data has proven useful in providing a fully multivariate summary that can be used for multiple purposes. ICA can identify patterns that can discriminate between healthy controls (HC) and patients with various mental disorders such as schizophrenia (Sz). Temporal functional network connectivity (tFNC) obtained from ICA can effectively explain the interactions between brain networks. On the other hand, dictionary learning (DL) enables the discovery of hidden information in data using learnable basis signals through the use of sparsity. In this paper, we present a new method that leverages ICA and DL for the identification of directly interpretable patterns to discriminate between the HC and Sz groups. We use multi-subject resting-state fMRI data from 358 subjects and form subject-specific tFNC feature vectors from ICA results. Then, we learn sparse representations of the tFNCs and introduce a new set of sparse features as well as new interpretable patterns from the learned atoms. Our experimental results show that the new representation not only leads to effective classification between HC and Sz groups using sparse features, but can also identify new interpretable patterns from the learned atoms that can help understand the complexities of mental diseases such as schizophrenia.
Atypical Glandular Cells of Undetermined Significance and Other Glandular Cell Abnormalities in a High-Risk Population (1998)

AGUS on Pap is associated with a clinically significant histological abnormality in a moderate percentage of patients. Both squamous and glandular lesions are seen, supporting the need for aggressive evaluation of the cervix, endocervix, and endometrium when AGUS is reported.
Novel overload controls for SIP networks (2009)

The increasing use of SIP in Next Generation Networks necessitates that SIP networks provide adequate control mechanisms to optimize transaction throughput and prevent congestion collapse during traffic overloads. SIP elements need well behaved internal overload controls to detect and throttle traffic, and external controls between SIP elements are needed to throttle traffic closer to the source. This paper presents the results of simulations that demonstrate the inadequacy of current SIP controls, and then presents several novel algorithms to control SIP network overloads. We show our new algorithms increase goodput across increasing load levels, are robust to IP loss and delay, and perform well under transient burst loads.
Cause of Death and End‐of‐Life Experiences in Individuals with Dementia with Lewy Bodies (2018)

Study results highlight a critical need for better prognostic counseling and education for persons and families living with DLB. The results of the current study can inform such counseling, but additional studies are needed to further explore expected prognosis of individuals diagnosed clinically with DLB and optimal use of palliative care services. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:67-73, 2019.
Rapidly progressive hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in an ABO‐incompatible renal transplant recipient (2010)

We report on the case of an ABO-incompatible renal re-transplant recipient maintained on an intensified immunosuppressive regimen for recurrent cellular rejection episodes and transplant glomerulopathy who presented with rapidly growing hepatic tumors, radiologically suggestive of hemangiosarcoma. Upon resection and pathological work-up, the lesions revealed alveolar echinococcosis, a rare but potentially life-threatening parasitosis. Usually infection with Echinococcus multilocularis remains asymptomatic for extended periods of time and can go unrecognized for years. In the case presented, we observed an atypically rapid growth pattern of E. multilocularis that might have been due to the extent of the immunosuppressive regimen, which included repetitive anti-CD20 treatments. Retrospectively performed serological studies with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays known to provide high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of echinococcosis in the general population, yielded ambiguous results in our immunocompromised host, which could be, in part, explained by B-cell depletion and its effects on antibody production and indirect actions on cellular immunity. In conclusion, this is the first report to our knowledge of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in a renal transplant recipient. This case documents an altered clinical course of the parasitosis and the challenge of serological diagnostic tools under an intensified regimen of immunosuppressive agents, including rituximab.
Host-Pathogen Coevolution and the Emergence of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies in Chronic Infections (2015)

The vertebrate adaptive immune system provides a flexible and diverse set of molecules to neutralize pathogens. Yet, viruses such as HIV can cause chronic infections by evolving as quickly as the adaptive immune system, forming an evolutionary arms race. Here we introduce a mathematical framework to study the coevolutionary dynamics between antibodies and antigens within a host. We focus on changes in the binding interactions between the antibody and antigen populations, which result from the underlying stochastic evolution of genotype frequencies driven by mutation, selection, and drift. We identify the critical viral and immune parameters that determine the distribution of antibody-antigen binding affinities. We also identify definitive signatures of coevolution that measure the reciprocal response between antibodies and viruses, and we introduce experimentally measurable quantities that quantify the extent of adaptation during continual coevolution of the two opposing populations. Using this analytical framework, we infer rates of viral and immune adaptation based on time-shifted neutralization assays in two HIV-infected patients. Finally, we analyze competition between clonal lineages of antibodies and characterize the fate of a given lineage in terms of the state of the antibody and viral populations. In particular, we derive the conditions that favor the emergence of broadly neutralizing antibodies, which may have relevance to vaccine design against HIV.
Isolation and Identification of an Antiproliferative Compound from Fructose–Tryptophan Maillard Reaction Products (2016)

This study was performed to isolate and identify a compound with antiproliferative activity against human stomach cancer cell lines, from fructose-tryptophan Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The MRPs, prepared from a fructose-tryptophan solution heated at 130 °C for 2 h, were fractionated into five solvent fractions: n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The highest antiproliferative activity was found in the chloroform fraction (85.93% at 200 μg/mL), and the active compound from this chloroform fraction was purified by silica gel column chromatography, TLC, and preparative HPLC. The antiproliferative activity (IC50) of the active compound was 42.24 μg/mL, and the active compound was identified as perlolyrine (C16H10N2O2) by (1)H/(13)C NMR, DEPT, HMBC, and LC-ESI-MS. Therefore, this research may be useful in developing perlolyrine as a functional therapeutic agent.
The Modeling and Simulation of Heat Transfer in Flat Platesolar Collector Using Software Engineering Equation Solver (2019)

Solar collector is a device that serves to collect the incoming solar energy and convert it into energy which in turn forwarded to the working fluid. A great systemof solar collector is a solar collector which has high efficiency, this means, most of heat energy that absorbed the collector can be u
Clinical trial: the safety and short‐term efficacy of recombinant cholera toxin B subunit in the treatment of active Crohn’s disease (2009)

Treatment with recombinant cholera toxin B subunit was safe. Approximately 40% of patients with active CD responded to treatment. Randomized studies are needed to establish the clinical efficacy of recombinant cholera toxin B subunit.
Whole genome sequencing of Turkish genomes reveals functional private alleles and impact of genetic interactions with Europe, Asia and Africa (2014)

This study provides the first map of common genetic variation from 16 western Asian individuals and thus helps fill an important geographical gap in analyzing natural human variation and human migration. Our data will help develop population-specific experimental designs for studies investigating disease associations and demographic history in Turkey.
Ionization and phase behavior of fatty acids in water: application of the Gibbs phase rule (1988)

The phase behavior of several medium-chain (10- and 12-carbon) and long-chain (18-carbon) fatty acids in water was examined as a function of the ionization state of the carboxyl group. Equilibrium titration curves were generated above and below fatty acid and acid-soap chain melting temperatures and critical micelle concentrations, and the phases formed were characterized by X-ray diffraction, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and phase-contrast and polarized light microscopy. The resulting titration curves were divided into five regions: (i) at pH values less than 7, a two-phase region containing oil or fatty acid crystals and an aqueous phase; (ii) at pH approximately 7, a three-phase region containing oil, lamellar, and aqueous (or fatty acid crystals, 1:1 acid-soap crystals, and aqueous) phases; (iii) between pH 7 and 9, a two-phase region containing a lamellar fatty acid/soap (or crystalline 1:1 acid-soap) phase in an aqueous phase; (iv) at pH approximately 9, a three-phase region containing lamellar fatty acid-soap (or crystalline 1:1 acid-soap), micellar, and aqueous phases; and (v) at pH values greater than 9, a two-phase region containing micellar and aqueous phases. Interpretation of the results using the Gibbs phase rule indicated that, for oleic acid/potassium oleate, the composition of the lamellar fatty acid/soap phase varied from approximately 1:1 to 1:3 un-ionized to ionized fatty acid species. In addition, constant pH regions observed in titration curves were a result of thermodynamic invariance (zero degrees of freedom) rather than buffering capacity. The results provide insights into the physical states of fatty acids in biological systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Parametric Prediction from Parametric Agents (2018)

We consider a problem of prediction based on opinions elicited from heterogeneous rational agents with private information. Making an accurate prediction with a minimal cost requires a joint design of the incentive mechanism and the prediction algorithm. To elicit heterogeneous agents’ private information and incentivize agents with different capabilities to act in the principal’s best interest, we design an optimal joint incentive mechanism and prediction algorithm called COPE (COst and Prediction Elicitation), the analysis of which offers several valuable engineering insights. First, when the costs incurred by the agents are linear in the exerted effort, COPE corresponds to a “crowd-contending” mechanism, where the principal only employs the agent with the highest capability. Second, when the costs are quadratic, COPE corresponds to a “crowdsourcing” mechanism that employs multiple agents with different capabilities at the same time. Numerical simulations show that COPE improves the principal’s profit (The improvement is 5%–30% in our simulations), comparing to those mechanisms that assume all agents have equal capabilities. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1681 .
Divergence metrics for determining optimal training sample size in digital soil mapping (2023)

Digital soil mapping (DSM) typically requires three common ingredients: georeferenced samples, environmental covariates, and a model. Of the three, sample design, or the selection of sample size and locations, has received considerably less attention. This is not surprising given that most studies are primarily limited by budget, the result being a focus on stratification of sampling locations in covariate (feature) space with less emphasis placed on the sample size. At the very least, determining the optimal sample size, regardless of whether it is achievable within a given budget, provides critical information about the loss of information from not collecting enough samples for a given study area. In this study, we evaluated the use of the Kullback-Leibler divergence (DKL), the Jensen-Shannon divergence (DJS), the Jenson-Shannon distance (DistJS), and the normalized variance in determining an optimal sample size for predicting total soil carbon at the field scale. The divergence metrics were computed for replicated (n = 10) sample plans using the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling algorithm across increasing samples sizes of 10, 25, and 50 to 400 in steps of 50 to determine an optimal sample size; the sensitivity of the divergence metrics to increasing the number of covariates and the number of bins for their computations were evaluated. The random forest algorithm was used to train predictive models using the same replicated sample sizes to determine the required sample size to optimize model performance based on root mean square error and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient. The divergence metrics were insensitive to the number of covariates, but very sensitive to the number of bins specified for their calculation. On average, optimal sample size increased linearly (two additional samples per additional bin) regardless of the number of covariates used. The optimal sample sizes were 124, 133 and 220 for the DKL, DJS and DistJS divergence metrics, respectively, while the variance technique proved to be unreliable. Based on the model performance metrics from model validation, the optimal sample size ranged from 146 to 154 samples. The DistJS overestimated the optimal sample size considerably, while the DKL and DJS were quite similar to the optimal sample size determined from model validation. Future work should evaluate the use of divergence metrics for determining optimal sample size for multiple soil properties or classes, using various machine learning models, across different project scales, and with other sampling algorithms.
ChemInform Abstract: Tailoring Nanohybrids and Nanocomposites for Catalytic Applications (2013)

Abstract Review: &lt; 220 refs.
Characterization of recombinant cDNA clones for canine cardiac phospholamban. (1986)

Complementary DNA clones specific for phospholamban have been isolated from a canine cardiac cDNA library. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA sequence showed that phospholamban consisted of 52 amino acid residues and was synthesized without an amino-terminal signal sequence. The RNA blot analysis revealed that phospholamban mRNAs were represented by two main species of approximately 1.2kb and approximately 2.8kb. These mRNAs appeared to differ primarily in the length of the 3' untranslated region.