gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thiosulfate: An Interesting Sulfur Oxoanion that is Useful in Both Medicine and Industry-But is Implicated in Corrosion (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiosulfate: An Interesting Sulfur Oxoanion that is Useful in Both Medicine and Industry-But is Implicated in CorrosionS.W. Dhawale Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 1, 12Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1993Published inissue 1 January 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ed070p12RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views608Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Physiological and Genetic Changes of Irrigated Wheat in the Post–Green Revolution Period and Approaches for Meeting Projected Global Demand (1999)

ABSTRACT Global demand for wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is growing faster than gains in genetic yield potential are being realized, currently a little under 1% per year in most regions. Improvement in yield of semidwarf wheat has generally been associated with increased harvest index (HI) and grain per square meter. For CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) varieties released between 1962 and 1988, yield increase was also associated with higher flag‐leaf photosynthetic rate and related traits, but not higher biomass. Nevertheless, significantly higher biomass has been reported in more recent CIMMYT lines. Improved HI is associated with higher N use efficiency (yield per unit of available N) and improved yield of semidwarf lines is expressed at high and low levels of N input. Where interplant competition for light and soil factors are manipulated, yield improvement is associated with adaptation to high plant density. Studies have confirmed that the juvenile spike growth phase is critical in determining both grain number and kernel weight (sink) potential. Improving assimilate availability during this stage, perhaps by lengthening its relative duration, may be one way to improve yield potential. Traits that could potentially be exploited for improving assimilate (source) capacity include early vigor, stay‐green, leaf‐angle, and remobilization of stem reserves. Use of alien chromatin is a successful approach for introducing yield‐enhancing genes into elite genetic backgrounds. Examples include the 1B/1R chromosome translocation from rye ( Secale cereale L.), and more recently the LR19 segment from tall wheatgrass [ Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv.] Improving the efficiency of early‐generation selection may be another strategy for raising yield potential by increasing the probability of identifying physiologically superior lines by techniques such as infrared thermometry and spectral reflectance.
Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis in Nature (1994)

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... 633 MECHANISMS ..... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... ........ ........ .... 636 Photosystem Il Inacti vaJion, Damage and Recovery: The DI Story 637 A voidance of PSll Damage: The Xanthophyll Cycle Story .... 640 Damage rmd A voidance: A Blurring of the Division . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 PHOTOINHIBITION IN THE FIELD AND OPEN OCEAN . . . .. ... .. . .. .... .... . . . . . . . . .... 644 Terrestrial VegetaJion .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... . . . . . . . . .... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 Phytoplankton 646 SIGNIFICANCE TO PRODUCTION: A MODELING APPROACH 648 OBSERVED CHANGES IN PRODUCTION ....... . . . .... ........ 653 PHOTO INHIBITION AND PLANT DISTRIBUTIONS .... .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654 CONCLUSIONS .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ .... .... .... .... ........ .... ........ 655
Angiotensin II induced contraction of rat and human small intestinal wall musculaturein vitro (2006)

Ang II elicits contractions of small-intestinal longitudinal muscle preparations from the small intestine of rats and man. The pharmacological pattern and protein expression analyses indicate mediation via the AT1R.
Synthesis and transport properties of 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes) (2018)

Since the isolation and characterization of graphene, there has been a growing interest in 2D materials owing to their unique properties compared to their 3D counterparts. Recently, a family of 2D materials of early transition metal carbides and nitrides, labelled MXenes, has been discovered (Ti2CTz, Ti3C2Tz, Mo2TiC2Tz, Ti3CNTz, Ta4C3Tz, Ti4N3Tz among many others), where T stands for surface-terminating groups (O, OH, and F). MXenes are mostly produced by selectively etching A layers (where A stands for group A elements, mostly groups 13 and 14) from the MAX phases. The latter are a family of layered ternary carbides and/or nitrides and have a general formula of Mn+1AXn (n = 1-3), where M is a transition metal and X is carbon and/or nitrogen. The produced MXenes have a conductive carbide core and a non-conductive O-, OH-and/or F-terminated surface, which allows them to work as electrodes for energy storage applications, such as Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors.
Correlation of Breast Cancer Axillary Lymph Node Metastases With Stem Cell Mutations (2013)

Tumors in which BCSCs have defects in PI3K/Akt signaling are significantly more likely to manifest nodal metastases. These oncogenic defects may be missed by gross molecular testing of the tumor and are markers of more aggressive breast cancer. Molecular profiling of BCSCs may identify patients who would likely benefit from PI3K/Akt inhibitors, which are being tested in clinical trials.
Optical coupling between a long-period fiber grating and a parallel tilted fiber Bragg grating (2009)

We experimentally demonstrate the contradirectional optical coupling between two parallel fibers that contain a long-period fiber grating and a tilted fiber Bragg grating, respectively. Strong coupling occurs between the cladding modes of the same order over the overlapped resonance bands of the two gratings. By optimizing the coupling conditions, we achieve a peak coupling efficiency of approximately 80% at approximately 1,534 nm with a 3 dB bandwidth of approximately 0.12 nm and a side-mode suppression ratio of approximately 16 dB, regardless of which fiber light is launched into. This coupler configuration can be explored for the development of narrow-band all-fiber optical components.
Assessment of self-rated pain perception and whole salivary cortisol levels among adolescents with and without temporomandibular disorders (2021)

Whole salivary CL are higher in adolescents with TMD, and there is a direct relationship between self-rated PP in the TMJ area and salivary CL.
Transparency in Authors’ Contributions and Responsibilities to Promote Integrity in Scientific Publication (2017)

Abstract In keeping with the growing movement in scientific publishing toward transparency in data and methods, we argue that the names of authors accompanying journal articles should provide insight into who is responsible for which contributions, a process should exist to confirm that the list is complete, clearly articulated standards should establish whether and when the contributions of an individual justify authorship credit, and those involved in the generation of scientific knowledge should follow these best practices. To accomplish these goals, we recommend that journals adopt common and transparent standards for authorship, outline responsibilities for corresponding authors, adopt the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) 1 methodology for attributing contributions, include this information in article metadata, and encourage authors to use the digital persistent identifier ORCID. 2 Furthermore, we suggest that research institutions have regular open conversations on authorship criteria and ethics and that funding agencies adopt ORCID and accept CRediT. Scientific societies should further authorship transparency by promoting these recommendations through their meetings and publications programs.
Engineering considerations in the design of an ankle joint. (1975)

A prothesis has been designed to replace the articulating surfaces of the human ankle joint. The prothesis is in two parts, each forming a segment of a right circular cylinder with a single axis of rotation. The concave tibial component is manufactured from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and the talar component is manufactured from medical grade stainless steel. It is likely, however, that the talar component will be commercially manufactured from cobalt chrome alloy (Vitallium or Vinertia). The two components are secured to the cancellous bone by polymethylmethacrylate bone cement and laboratory tests have indicated that the bond should be strong enough to withstand the loads encountered at the ankle joint in vivo. The tests have also shown that the stability and strength of the ankle are not seriously reduced by implantation of the prosthesis. Laboratory wear tests and clinical experience over the last two years encourage optimism over the long term performance of the prothesis.
Expression of the Human NAD(P)-Metabolizing Ectoenzyme CD38 Compromises Systemic Acquired Resistance inArabidopsis (2012)

Plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a long-lasting, broad-spectrum immune response that is mounted after primary pathogen infection. Although SAR has been extensively researched, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activation have not been completely understood. We have previously shown that the electron carrier NAD(P) leaks into the plant extracellular compartment upon pathogen attack and that exogenous NAD(P) activates defense gene expression and disease resistance in local treated leaves, suggesting that extracellular NAD(P) [eNAD(P)] might function as a signal molecule activating plant immune responses. To further establish the function of eNAD(P) in plant immunity, we tested the effect of exogenous NAD(P) on resistance gene-mediated hypersensitive response (HR) and SAR. We found that exogenous NAD(P) completely suppresses HR-mediated cell death but does not affect HR-mediated disease resistance. Local application of exogenous NAD(P) is unable to induce SAR in distal tissues, indicating that eNAD(P) is not a sufficient signal for SAR activation. Using transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the human NAD(P)-metabolizing ectoenzyme CD38, we demonstrated that altering eNAD(P) concentration or signaling compromises biological induction of SAR. This result suggests that eNAD(P) may play a critical signaling role in activation of SAR.
A quick safari through the reconfiguration jungle (2001)

Cost effective systems use specialization to optimize factors such as power consumption, processing throughput, flexibility or combinations thereof. Reconfigurable systems obtain this specialization at run-time. System reconfiguration has a vertical, a horizontal and a time dimension. We organize this design space as the reconfiguration hierarchy, and discuss the design methods that deal with it. Finally, we survey existing commercial platforms that support reconfiguration and situate them in the reconfiguration jungle.
Broad-Range 16S rRNA Gene Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosis of Culture-Negative Bacterial Infections (2011)

This study defines the role of 16S rRNA gene PCR for diagnosis of culture-negative bacterial infections. Our data show that 16S rRNA gene PCR is particularly useful for identification of bacterial pathogens in patients pretreated with antibiotics.
Optrode for Multimodal Deep-brain Infrared Stimulation (2014)

In recent years, optical stimulation in neuroscience has emerged as an alternative to electrical stimulation. In this work, we present the concept and optical simulation of an optrode capable of delivering focused infrared light to brain tissue, while simultaneously recording electrical signals from the surrounding area. The system combines the advantages of silicon microfabrication and silicon's transparency in the near-infrared. For efficient coupling into the probe and controlling the illuminated volume in the brain, silicon microlenses were simulated using MATLAB. The lens system can focus light in 2-D, with configurable focal length and spot size.
Hydrogen ion titration curve of lysozyme in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen ion titration curve of lysozyme in 6 M guanidine hydrochlorideRobert Roxby and Charles TanfordCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 18, 3348–3352Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00794a005https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00794a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views351Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
miR-125a-5p Regulates Differential Activation of Macrophages and Inflammation (2013)

Macrophage activation is a central event in immune responses. Macrophages undergoing classical activation (M1 macrophages) are proinflammatory, whereas alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) are generally anti-inflammatory. miRNAs play important regulatory roles in inflammatory response. However, the manner in which miRNAs regulate macrophage activation in response to different environmental cues has not been well defined. In this study, we found that M-BMM macrophages (M2) express greater levels of miR-125a-5p than do GM-BMM macrophages (M1). Stimulation of macrophages through TLR2 and TLR4 but not through TLR3 enhanced miR-125a-5p expression. Up-regulation of miR-125a-5p after TLR2/4 activation requires the adaptor MYD88 but not TRIF. Overexpression of miR-125a-5p diminished M1 phenotype expression induced by LPS but promoted M2 marker expression induced by IL-4. In contrast, knockdown of miR-125a-5p promoted M1 polarization and diminished IL-4-induced M2 marker expression. We found that miR-125a-5p targets KLF13, a transcriptional factor that has an important role in T lymphocyte activation and inflammation. KLF13 knockdown had similar effects on M1 activation as did miR-125a-5p overexpression. In addition, miR-125a-5p regulates phagocytic and bactericidal activities of macrophages. Our data suggest that miR-125a-5p has an important role in suppressing classical activation of macrophages while promoting alternative activation.
Longitudinal Analysis of the Prevalence, Maintenance, and IgA Response to Species of the Order Bacteroidales in the Human Gut (2011)

Bacteroidales species are the most abundant Gram-negative bacteria of the human intestinal microbiota. These bacteria evolved to synthesize numerous capsular polysaccharides (PS) that are subject to phase variation. In Bacteroides fragilis, PS synthesis is regulated so that only one of the eight PS biosynthesis loci is transcribed at a time in each bacterium. To determine if the bacteria evolved this unusual property to evade a host IgA response, we directly studied the human fecal ecosystem. We performed a longitudinal analysis of the abundant Bacteroidales species from 15 healthy adults at four intervals over a year. For this study, we used bacterial culture to perform analyses not accurate with DNA-based methods, including quantification of total viable Bacteroidales bacteria, strain maintenance, and IgA responses. Abundant Bacteroidales isolates were identified to the species level using multiplex PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Arbitrarily primed PCR was used for strain typing. IgA responses to endogenous strains carried over the year were analyzed, and the orientations of the invertible PS locus promoters from the ecosystem were quantified. Subjects consistently harbored from 5 × 10(8) to 8 × 10(10) Bacteroidales bacteria/g of feces. Within the cohort, 20 different Bacteroidales species were detected at high concentrations. Bacteroides uniformis was the most prevalent; however, abundant Bacteroidales species varied between subjects. Strains could be maintained over the year within the ecosystem at high density. IgA responses were often not induced and did not correlate with the elimination of a strain or major changes in the orientations of the capsular PS locus promoters.
In Vitro Synthesis of DNA Complementary to Purified Rabbit Globin mRNA (1972)

Several properties of the viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerases and of rabbit globin mRNA make it possible to consider synthesis of the globin gene in vitro. These enzymes copy an RNA template using a short sequence of complementary nucleotides as a primer. Furthermore, globin mRNA has a 3'-terminal sequence of adenylic acid residues that make it particularly suitable as a template, since oligo(dT) can be annealed to a specific site on the mRNA. This small primer could phase the DNA polymerase, possibly ensuring that replication is initiated from that end of the globin message. We have used this approach and find that purified mRNA is an efficient template for the polymerase enzyme. The reaction requires the RNA template and the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, and it is markedly stimulated by the addition of oligo(dT). Consistent with the expectation that the oligo(dT) uniquely phases the polymerase at an adenine-rich region in the globin message, oligo(dG), oligo(dC), and oligo(dA) fail to serve as primers. The product has a density intermediate between that of DNA and RNA, and shifts to a lighter DNA density after treatment with base. Further, it is specifically complementary to globin mRNA and sediments slightly faster in an alkaline sucrose gradient than a DNA standard that has a molecular weight of 129,000. The data suggest that a major portion of the DNA product is a sequence of at least 500 bases, about 50 more than would be necessary to encode rabbit globin. The potential usefulness of this interesting product is discussed.
Design of an ultra-compact hybrid VO<inf>2</inf>/silicon switch (2015)

The design of a 2×2 optical switch bused on an add-drop ring resonator wilh u hybrid VO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /silicon waveguide is proposed. The switch is characterized by low insertion losses and a footprint below 50 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
CPW-fed compact meandered annular ring slot antenna (2009)

A meandered annular ring slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide feed line with a tuning stub for miniaturization of a conventional annular ring slot antenna has been presented and experimentally studied. The experimental results show that the size can be significantly reduced by introducing meandered slots to the conventional annular ring slot and that the resonant frequency can be adjusted without change in total area size.
Blockchain and certificate authority cryptography for an asynchronous on-line public notary system (2018)

The true innovation behind the Bitcoin protocol is blockchain technology. Blockchain is the underlying distributed database and encryption technology that enables trustless transactions that can be verified, monitored, and enforced without a central institution. This master’s report presents the core concepts behind blockchain that are concerned with carrying instructions for storage, sharing of non-financial data, including an examination of the byzantine fault tolerant cryptography model.\nA literature review describes the types of blockchains, nodes, proof of work, disadvantages, and risks and provides a survey of future applications related to state government records, such as birth certificates, automobile registrations, land deeds, and voting. This review will answer the question: Is it possible for a state government to use blockchain employing trusted nodes given that the nature of blockchain is that of a distributed network of peers accompanied by a public ledger without a central authority?\nFinally, the requirements for a specific application case study will be defined and developed. The desired application will be a smart contract to invoke a statutory durable power of attorney using blockchain technology for oneself in case of incapacitation while still living.
The selectivity of the anorectic effect of satietin. III. The ineffectiveness of satietin on metabolic rate, body temperature and blood pressure. (1982)

Satietin, a recently discovered endogenous anorectic substance, prepared from human serum was found to inhibit food intake in a very selective manner. As the hypothalamic satiety center was proposed to be the site of effect of satietin, its effect on other physiological processes (metabolic rate, body temperature, blood pressure) controlled by the hypothalamus was investigated. Satietin did not change the metabolic rate of rats, had no influence on the body temperature and did not affect blood pressure. For sake of comparison the effects of endogenous peptides, like calcitonin, known to inhibit food intake and the representatives of the two main classes of anorectics, amphetamine and fenfluramine, were also studied.