gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The scanpath theory: its definitions and later developments (2006)

The scanpath theory was defined in 1971 by David Noton and Lawrence Stark in two articles that appeared in Science<sup>1</sup> and Scientific American<sup>2</sup>, and since then it has been considered one of the most influential theory of vision and eye movements. The scanpath theory explains the vision process in a topdown fashion by proposing that an internal cognitive representation controls not only the visual perception but also the related mechanism of active looking eye movements. Evidence supporting the scanpath theory comes from experiments showing the repetitive and idiosyncratic nature of eye movements during experiments with ambiguous figures, visual imagery and dynamic scenes. Similarity metrics were defined in our analysis procedures to quantitatively compare and measure the sequence of eye fixations in different experimental conditions. More recent scanpath experiments performed using different motor read-out systems have served to better understand the structure of the visual image representation in the brain and the presence of several levels of binding. A special emphasis must be given to the role of bottom-up conspicuity elaboration in the control of the scanpath sequence and interconnection of conspicuity with such higher level cognitive representations.
Short communication (1994)

Three new CMTI-III analogues containing the Val residue in the reactive site (position 5) were synthesized by the solid-phase method. The analogues displayed an elastase inhibitory activity. It is shown that the removal of the N-terminal Arg residue and the introduction of the Gly-Pro-Gln tripeptide in the region 23-25 decreases the antielastase activity by two orders of magnitude. The removal of the disulfide bridge in positions 16-28 and the substitution of Ala for Cys16 and Gly for Cys28 decreases the activity (measured as Ka with HLE) by five orders of magnitude as compared with [Val5]CMTI-III.
Selection of test nodes for analog fault diagnosis in dictionary approach (2000)

In this paper, the selection of test nodes has been studied extensively and efficient techniques are proposed. Two broad categories of methods called inclusion methods and exclusion methods are suggested. Strategies are presented to select or delete a test node without affecting the diagnosis capabilities. Examples show that these strategies give a lesser number of test nodes some times. Starting from the fault-wise integer coded table of the test circuit, sorting is employed to generate valid sets and minimal sets. The order of computation of these methods is shown to depend linearly on number of test nodes. It is also proportional to (f log f) where "f" is the number of faults. This is much faster than well-known methods. The concept of minimal set of test nodes is new in analog circuit fault diagnosis. Polynomial time algorithms are proposed in this paper for the first time to generate such sets.
Registration and partitioning-based compression of 3-d dynamic data (2003)

Generation and transmission of complex animation sequences can benefit substantially from the availability of tools for handling large amounts of data associated with dynamic three-dimensional (3-D) models. Previous works in 3-D dynamic compression consider only the simplest situation where the connectivity changes do not occur with time. In this paper, we present an approach for compressing 3-D dynamic models in which both the vertex data and the connectivity data can change with time. Using our framework, 3-D animation sequences generated using commercial graphics tools or dynamic range data captured using range scanners can be compressed significantly. We use 3-D registration to identify the changes in the vertex data and the connectivity of the 3-D geometry between successive frames. Next, the interframe motion is encoded using affine motion parameters and the differential pulse coded modulation (DPCM) predictor. Our work is the first to exploit the temporal coherence in the connectivity data between frames and presents a detailed encoding scheme for 3-D dynamic data. We also discuss the issue of inserting I-frames in the compressed data for better performance. We show that our algorithm has a far superior performance when compared with existing techniques for both vertex compression and connectivity compression of 3-D dynamic datasets.
Benefits of Concurrent Engineering (1993)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For seven years Electroimpact, Inc. has been providing manufacturing equipment to the aerospace assembly business. Our industry is not partial toward working with small companies such as Electroimpact. But we fill a niche.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The niche which we fill is in the area of new processes. We have developed new processes which have made inroads into the industry. This paper will review a number of case studies for the implementation of new manufacturing technology in the aerospace industry. In all of these cases motivation for the implementation of new technology is the driving force and concurrent engineering is the vehicle for successful implementation. Although this review is only cursory it can provide a reference to help you make further inquiries.&lt;/div&gt;
Clinical features of haemophagocytic syndrome in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases: analysis of 30 cases (2008)

The prevalence of HPS among in-hospital patients with systemic autoimmunity is not ignorable. Administration of immunosuppressants was effective in cases with autoimmune-associated HPS, whereas prognosis was poor in infection-associated HPS.
Hysterectomy rates in the United States 1990–1997 (2002)

The majority of hysterectomies are abdominal, and the most common indication is uterine fibroids. The introduction of alternative techniques for controlling abnormal uterine bleeding such as endometrial ablation has not had an impact on hysterectomy rates, and there has only been a limited uptake of laparoscopic approaches.
Neural-style microsystems that learn (1989)

The basic operation of biological and electronic (artificial) neural networks (NNs) is examined. Learning by NNs is discussed, covering supervised learning, particularly back-propagation, and unsupervised and reinforcement learning. The use of VLSI implementation to speed learning is considered briefly. Applications of neural-style learning chips to pattern recognition, data compression, optimization, and expert systems is discussed. Problem areas and issues for further research are addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Lymphocyte stimulation by trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds in patients with chromium sensitivity. An aid to diagnosis (1983)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 31 patients with a positive patch test to potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and from 24 healthy controls were stimulated with various concentrations of chromium chloride (CrCl3) and/or chromium basic sulphate (Cr4(SO4)5(OH)2), sodium chromate (Na2CrO4) or K2Cr2O7 on various days of culture. Both trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds could induce lymphocyte transformation, as measured by increased DNA synthesis. The response occurred in the T-enriched population and was monocyte dependent. Lymphocytes from 11 of these patients could not be stimulated with the chromium compounds in vitro, whereas the in vivo serial dilution test (SDT) was positive in 4 and negative in 7 of them. Lymphocytes from 2 patients with a negative in vivo SDT showed a positive response in vitro. The strength of the in vivo SDT results did not correlate well with the height of in vitro responses. The DNA synthesis test seems to be a reliable in vitro method to aid in the diagnosis of chromium sensitivity.
A phase I study of imexon inj plus gemcitabine as first-line therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer with preclinical mechanistic study of dose limiting toxicity (2008)

4619 Background: Imexon, inj. (Amplimexon, AMP) is a novel cyanoaziridine (MW: 111) which depletes thiols inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Like gemcitabine (Gem), AMP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and has synergistic cytotoxicity with Gem. This phase I combination study assessed the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose limiting toxicity (DLT). Methods: 96 chemotherapy naïve, advanced pancreatic cancer patients received Gem on days 1, 8, 15 of a 28 day cycle and AMP on days 1–5/15–19 (n=19) or days 1,8, 15 (n=77). Doses of AMP ranged from 200–1,300 mg/m2 with Gem 800 or 1,000 mg/m2. With abdominal cramping as the primary DLT, tissue distribution was tested with 14C AMP in the rat. AMP was evaluated on the isolated guinea pig ileum. Results: Patient characteristics: median age 63 years (range 39–86), ECOG PS 0/1 (%): 38/ 62, metastatic/locally advanced (%): 93/ 7. The MTD was 1,000 mg/m2 of Gem with 875 mg/m2 of AMP days 1, 8, 15 Q 28 days. DLT was grade 3 cramping, abdominal pain and explosive diarrhea, seen in 3/5 patients at 1,300 mg/m2 AMP. At 1,150, 1,000, and 875 mg/m2 AMP, these toxicities were grade 1–2 in 6/9, 7/13, and 5/19 patients, respectively, and ameliorated with atropine. Fatigue (66%), anemia (62%), nausea (55%), vomiting (45%), leukopenia (44%) were other treatment related toxicities (any grade). Of 62 evaluable patients for response, 11 (18%) had partial responses and 31 (50%) stable disease. The median number of cycles was 3 (range 0 -25). In the rat, 14C localized in the pancreas, bowel, and kidneys and excretion was 85% urinary and 15% fecal. AMP at a concentration of 100–1,000 ug/ml contracted the isolated guinea pig ileum similar to acetylcholine and was reversible with atropine. Conclusions: The AMP + gemcitabine combination was well tolerated at full doses of each agent and encouraging antitumor activity was seen. The DLT of the combination is explained by gastrointestinal localization and an atropine reversible cholinergic effect. Phase II studies are planned. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Amplimed Amplimed Amplimed
Effect of the structure of latex particles on adhesion. Part I: Synthesis and characterization of structured latex particles of acrylic copolymers and their peel adhesion behavior (1995)

Abstract This is a series of articles that deals with fundamental aspects of the effects of the structure of latex particles of acrylic copolymers on their adhesion behavior. Specifically, relationship or analogy between rheological properties and adhesion performance of the acrylic copolymers was demonstrated. The first part of this series concerns the synthesis and characterization of latex particles with desired structures and compositions, and the experimental results of peel adhesion. The second part develops an analogy between the peel adhesion performance of the adhesives and rheological properties of the corresponding copolymers. The third part addresses the generalities and particularities of three major tests for adhesion: peeling, blistering, and spontaneous peeling. Three types of structured latex particles were synthesized by three different emulsion polymerization processes: the first type had a uniform composition over the entire particles with a glass transition temperature ( T g ) varying between −40°C and 0°C, depending upon the compositions of monomers involved in the copolymer; the second type was of core‐shell structure. As for the third type, the composition of monomers varied gradually across the particle radii. The glass transition behavior and the dynamic mechanical properties in the solid state of the copolymers confirmed the structures of the corresponding latex particles. On the other hand, the peel adhesion performance of the films of these latex particles varied with the dynamic mechanical properties of the corresponding copolymers. This implies that a correlation could be found between the structure of the latex particles, dynamic mechanical properties in the solid state of the corresponding copolymers, and the peel adhesion performance of the adhesive films. ©1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Twinning of Rhombic Colloidal Crystals (2012)

We observe twinning of two-dimensional (2D) rhombic colloidal crystals of hard Brownian rhombic platelets. By contrast to square particles, which have higher symmetry but can also form rhombic lattices at high densities, each rhombic particle has a distinguishable bidirectional pointing axis. This key feature, which is not readily seen in rhombic crystals of square colloids, facilitates observations of different types of twinning: contact, polysynthetic, and cyclic. Moreover, we find that the twinned crystals are slightly offset spatially along their shared mirror line. In addition, the average pointing axis of the particles in a single crystal is also offset on average by a small angle, either clockwise or counterclockwise, from the average pointing axis of the rhombic lattice yielding a form of nonlocal chiral symmetry breaking. Because mirror lines between contact twins introduce only a small reduction in the total number of accessible states, compared to a perfect single crystal, twinning and piecewise linear defects are commonly observed. Thus, twinning, which is usually associated with complex compositions in certain minerals, also emerges in a simpler 2D system of entropically driven, hard, achiral objects.
Anatomical proximity dictates successful ablation from adjacent sites for outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias linked to the coronary venous system (2018)

In patients with OTVAs linked to the CVS, an anatomical approach targeting an adjacent site can be effective, particularly when the distance between the sites is <12.8 mm.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Methylation of 7,12‐Dihydropyrido(3,2‐b:5,4‐b′)diindole. Experimental and Computational Results. (1989)

Abstract The pyrido‐fused diindole (I) is consecutively treated with KH in DMSO and methyl iodide (II) to give the 7‐methyl derivative (III).
Hegemony and Cultural Politics: The Praxis of Gramsci's Prison Notebooks (1987)

(1987). Hegemony and Cultural Politics: The Praxis of Gramsci's Prison Notebooks. Socialism and Democracy: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 35-53.
On the shift in pitch of a sine tone caused by a preceding tone (1979)

The pitch of a brief target sine tone is changed by a preceding tone. The pitch of the target tone is shifted away from the pitch of the preceding tone [A. Jaroszewski and A. Rakowski, Acustica 34, 220 (1976); W. M. Hartmann and B. J. Blumenstock. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60, S40 (A) (1976)]. Recent experiments on this effect show the following: (1) The shift is present for tones near 1000 Hz and near 200 Hz and for tones heard at 80 dB and at 40 dB. (2) Smaller shifts exist when 40 dB preceding and target tones are in opposite ears, and for preceding tones 40 dB less intense than the target tones. (3) The shift tends to vanish for missing-fundamental preceding tones with no spectral energy near the target tone. These experiments support a model of pitch perception based upon a central neural excitation pattern which is an intensity-compressed representation of the stimulus spectrum. The results can be understood from a model of short-term neural adaptation and a model for the extraction of pitch from a neural excitation pattern. [Supported by the NSF.]
Retroviruses of the Human Virobiota: The Recycling of Viral Genes and the Resulting Advantages for Human Hosts During Evolution (2020)

All humans are colonized by a vast diversity of microbes (bacteria, archaea, protozoa, yeast, and fungi; collectively referred to as the microbiota) and viruses (the virobiota). This latter group includes viruses infecting prokaryotic cells (bacteriophages), viruses infecting eukaryotic-host cells, and virus-derived genetic elements present in host chromosomes. Although these eukaryotic viruses are mostly known to be pathogens, they are also able to establish mutualistic relationships with humans. Little is known about the mutualistic aspects of viral infection. Nevertheless, it is clear that evolution of some animal virus-host interactions has led to benefits in the health of the hosts, as is the case with symbiogenesis and endogenization of retroviruses that has exerted a neuroprotective effect on the human brain, and an important role in the fetal development, thus on the evolution of host species. In this review, we summarize how retroviruses provide amazing examples of cooperative-evolution, i.e., successful exchange between viruses and host, and how, in some cases, the benefits have become essential for the hosts' survival.
Not every PRP‐gel is born equal Evaluation of growth factor availability for tissues through four PRP‐gel preparations: Fibrinet®, RegenPRP‐Kit®, Plateltex® and one manual procedure (2009)

Similar methods for platelet gel preparation revealed different performances concerning growth factor recovery and the kinetics of its release from the gel. It is unclear whether these noticeable differences are important for clinical management.
Inflammatory Mass Lesions Associated with Intrathecal Drug Infusion Catheters: Report and Observations on 41 Patients (2002)

Patients who require high-dose intraspinal opioid therapy and those who receive drugs or admixtures that are not approved for intrathecal use should be monitored closely for signs of an extra-axial mass or catheter malfunction. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may preserve neurological function.
Turning a normal microscope into a super-resolution instrument using a scanning microlens array (2018)

We report dielectric microsphere array-based optical super-resolution microscopy. A dielectric microsphere that is placed on a sample is known to generate a virtual image with resolution better than the optical diffraction limit. However, a limitation of such type of super-resolution microscopy is the restricted field-of-view, essentially limited to the central area of the microsphere-generated image. We overcame this limitation by scanning a micro-fabricated array of ordered microspheres over the sample using a customized algorithm that moved step-by-step a motorized stage, meanwhile the microscope-mounted camera was taking pictures at every step. Finally, we stitched together the extracted central parts of the virtual images that showed super-resolution into a mosaic image. We demonstrated 130 nm lateral resolution (~λ/4) and 5 × 10<sup>5</sup> µm<sup>2</sup> scanned surface area using a two by one array of barium titanate glass microspheres in oil-immersion environment. Our findings may serve as a basis for widespread applications of affordable optical super-resolution microscopy.
Decision tree for the treatment of bipolar disorder. (2003)

Clinicians managing patients with bipolar disorder confront a myriad of complex treatment decisions. This complexity limits the practicality of treatment guidelines, which attempt to be comprehensive. A user-friendly guide can, however, be constructed by considering only the most common early critical decision points likely to be encountered in the management of bipolar patients: new onset of an acute manic or mixed episode, interepisode treatment entry, and initial treatment for acute bipolar depression. Three general treatment principles, i.e., use proven treatments first, use a mood stabilizer in every phase of the illness, and use a multiphase treatment strategy to link current assessment with an appropriate treatment plan, can be applied to guide decision making at critical decision points that follow entry into clinical care. To guide the selection of appropriate therapeutic agents, a simple grading system can be used to evaluate the weight of evidence supporting use of various options. Multiple high-quality studies with positive results support the use of lithium, divalproex, carbamazepine, olanzapine, and haloperidol as initial intervention for acute mania; other agents with positive results in one double-blind mania trial are reasonable first-line alternatives. In the absence of high-quality evidence to guide treatment selection for nonacutely ill bipolar patients, guidelines recommend maintenance mood-stabilizer treatment. Standard antidepressant medications do not appear to add statistically significant benefit beyond that of mood stabilizers alone; lithium and lamotrigine have shown some benefit, and promising preliminary data have been presented on the antidepressant benefit of divalproex and topiramate as well.
Natural killer cell-mediated lysis of T cell lines chronically infected with HIV-1 (1990)

The susceptibility of HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cell lines to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis was examined. Non-adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy adults lysed HUT cells chronically infected with the IIIB or WMJ1 strains of HIV-1 to a significantly greater extent than uninfected HUT cells. In contrast, Sup-T1 cells chronically infected with these two strains of HIV-1 were not lysed to a greater extent than uninfected Sup-T1 cells. Clone A1.25-infected Sup-T1 (A1.25/Sup-T1), derived from IIIB-infected Sup-T1 cells (IIIB/Sup-T1), were susceptible to non-adherent PBMC-mediated lysis, as were A1.25-infected HUT cells (A1.25/HUT). When non-adherent PBMC were depleted of CD16 (Leu-11b)+ NK cells by treatment with anti-Leu-11b plus C, lysis of HIV-1-infected HUT or Sup-T1 cells was reduced to low levels, indicating that the lysis was mediated by NK cells. Expression of HIV antigens on these target cells did not correlate with their susceptibility to NK cell-mediated lysis. Depletion of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) producing HLA-DR+ cells from non-adherent PBMC had no effect on the magnitude of NK cell-mediated lysis of IIIB or WMJ1-infected HUT cells. In contrast, lysis of A1.25/Sup-T1 or A1.25/HUT cells required the presence of HLA-DR+ cells. IFN-alpha production appeared to be required for NK cell-mediated lysis of A1.25/Sup-T1 or A1.25/HUT cells, while lysis of HUT cells infected with the WMJ1 or IIIB strains of HIV-1 was IFN-alpha independent. These results indicate considerable variability in the susceptibility of different HIV-1 infected T cell lines to NK cell-mediated lysis and suggest the existence of alternative mechanisms of activation of NK cells for lysis of HIV-1-infected T cell lines.
Plant Materials for the Production of Functional Foods for WeightManagement and Obesity Prevention (2023)

Abstract: Obesity is a serious problem in the modern world and is considered a risk factor in the development of many human diseases. : Consumption of low-calorie, low-fat diets, together with increased physical activity and a healthy lifestyle, contribute a lot to the fight against obesity. Meanwhile, functional foods with a reduced calorie content and enriched with substances useful for the human body may play a role as additional helpers in weight management. In this review, general suggestions for the elaboration of foods with plant-origin functional ingredients for weight management, which help the human body with obesity prevention, based on human clinical trials, are proposed. : Including new ingredients of plant-origin for the preparation of traditional foods helps to have a balanced diet and may contribute to weight management and obesity prevention.