gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The microscopic network structure of mussel ( Mytilus ) adhesive plaques (2015)

Marine mussels of the genus Mytilus live in the hostile intertidal zone, attached to rocks, bio-fouled surfaces and each other via collagen-rich threads ending in adhesive pads, the plaques. Plaques adhere in salty, alkaline seawater, withstanding waves and tidal currents. Each plaque requires a force of several newtons to detach. Although the molecular composition of the plaques has been well studied, a complete understanding of supra-molecular plaque architecture and its role in maintaining adhesive strength remains elusive. Here, electron microscopy and neutron scattering studies of plaques harvested from Mytilus californianus and Mytilus galloprovincialis reveal a complex network structure reminiscent of structural foams. Two characteristic length scales are observed characterizing a dense meshwork (approx. 100 nm) with large interpenetrating pores (approx. 1 µm). The network withstands chemical denaturation, indicating significant cross-linking. Plaques formed at lower temperatures have finer network struts, from which we hypothesize a kinetically controlled formation mechanism. When mussels are induced to create plaques, the resulting structure lacks a well-defined network architecture, showcasing the importance of processing over self-assembly. Together, these new data provide essential insight into plaque structure and formation and set the foundation to understand the role of plaque structure in stress distribution and toughening in natural and biomimetic materials.
Standard Cell Layout With Regular Contact Placement (2004)

The practicability and methodology of applying regularly placed contacts on layout design of standard cells are studied. The regular placement enables more effective use of resolution enhancement technologies, which in turn allows for a reduction of critical dimensions. Although placing contacts on a grid adds restrictions during cell layout, overall circuit area can be made smaller by a careful selection of the grid pitch, allowing slight contact offset, applying double exposure, and shrinking the minimum size and pitch. The contact level of 250 nm standard cells was shrunk by 10%, resulting in an area change ranging from -20% to +25% with an average decrease of 5% for the 84 cells studied. The areas of two circuits, a finite-impulse-response (FIR) filter and an add-compare-select (ACS) unit in the Viterbi decoder, decrease by 4% and 2%, respectively.
Thermal Production and Reactions of Organic Ions at Atmospheric Pressure (2006)

Heiße Ionen: Die thermische Ionisierung einer Vielzahl organischer Salze einschließlich ionischer Flüssigkeiten und Übergangsmetallsalze bei Atmosphärendruck ermöglicht die Untersuchung von Ion-Molekül-Reaktionen. Beispielsweise beobachtet man die schnelle, selektive Desorption und Derivatisierung von D-Lysin, wenn thermisch erzeugte Pyryliumionen mit festem Lysin unter Umgebungsbedingungen reagieren (siehe Bild).
Protective role of oligonol from oxidative stress-induced inflammation in C6 glial cell (2015)

These results indicate that oligonol has protective activity against oxidative stress-induced inflammation. Oligonol might be a promising agent for treatment of degenerative diseases through inhibition of ROS formation and NF-κB pathway gene expression.
20‐HETE contributes to hypertension in postmenopausal rats. (2008)

20‐HETE, a major metabolite of cytochrome P450 (CYP)‐4A, is a potent vasoconstrictor of renal arterioles, and has been shown to mediate hypertension in several animal models. The present study tested the hypothesis that 20‐HETE is involved in mediating hypertension in an animal model of postmenopausal hypertension, the old female spontaneously hypertensive rat (OF‐SHR). A CYP4A inhibitor of 20‐HETE production, 1‐aminobenzotriazole (ABT; 50 mg/kg per day i.p.), or vehicle, was administered to OF‐SHR, aged 16 mos, and young female SHR (YF‐SHR), aged 3 mos, (n=3–4 per group). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured by radiotelemetry. ABT decreased MAP in OF‐SHR (164±5 vs. 151±6 mm Hg, p&lt;0.05), whereas it had no effect in YF‐SHR (138±3 vs.136±1 mm Hg). CYP4A (isoform 2) mRNA expression was measured by real‐time RT‐PCR in kidney cortex and medulla of OF‐SHR and YF‐SHR. CYP4A2 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in kidney cortex of OF‐SHR compared to YF‐SHR. In other studies administration of a specific 20‐HETE inhibitor, HET0016, also significantly decreased MAP in OF‐SHR. In summary, administration of the CYP4A inhibitor and a specific 20‐HETE inhibitor markedly attenuated hypertension in postmenopausal rats. Increases in renal vascular 20‐HETE constitute a new pathway that may be involved in mediating postmenopausal hypertension. (Supported by HL 51971).
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS CN FILMS (1996)

Carbon nitride (CN) films were synthesized on silicon substrates by a combined ion-beam and laser-ablation method under various conditions; ion-beam energy and ion-beam current were varied. Raman spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) were employed to characterize respectively the structural and the optical properties of the CN films. Raman spectra show that all the CN films are amorphous independent of the ion-beam current and the ion-beam energy. Refractive indices, extinction coefficients and optical band gaps which were determined from the measured SE spectra exhibit a significant dependence on the synthesis conditions. Especially, the decrease of the refractive indices and the shrinkage of the optical band gap is noticeable as the ion-beam current and/or the ion-beam energy increase.
Evaluation and Development of Economically Viable Coatings for Erosion Protection of Hydroturbines (2012)

Hydrotubines do face regular exposure to cavitating environment, causing damage to guide vanes, impeller, nozzle, buckets and spear. Quite a large number of surface modification techniques have been employed to counter such a deleterious effect. Among these large numbers of techniques, thermal spray coatings has been mostly focused and studied. In the present work one such technique has been opted for study. Selection of coating technique and composition was made keeping their economical viability in mind. Hardness and toughness have been identified as significant factors effecting cavitation erosion of materials. In-depth analysis of erosion mechanism of coated and un-coated samples was undertaken using SEM/EDS, micro-hardness tester and XRD. Erosion mechanism of steel was mainly plastic deformation, whereas in case of coating, (i) lack of adhesion between splats (ii) lower toughness of alumina (iii) loosely bonded un-melted alumina particles, were dominant factor controlling the erosion mechanism of coating.
Trace cache miss tolerance for deeply pipelined superscalar processors (2006)

The trace cache is a technique that provides accurate, high bandwidth instruction fetch. However, when a desired instruction trace is not found in the cache, conventional instruction fetch and decode must be used to satisfy the trace request. Such auxiliary fetch hardware can be expensive in terms of energy, area and complexity. An approach to combine a trace cache and conventional instruction fetch hardware using a decoupled design is explored. The design enables the processor to dynamically switch between trace ID and PC-based prediction methods and helps to hide the latency associated with the instruction memory path. The decoupled design with accelerated slow path instruction delivery and no instruction cache is able to provide comparable benefit to a front-end with an 8 kB instruction cache (within 2% of the instructions per cycle with the cache). High tolerance can be demonstrated for both trace table misses and increased memory latency when scaling down the size of the trace table and scaling up the L2 access latency.
Combination Chemotherapy with Methotrexate, Bleomycin and Cisplatin for Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Male Genital Tract (1991)

A total of 14 men with inoperable or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the genital tract received methotrexate, bleomycin and cisplatin. In 12 patients the penis was the primary site. Metastases were usually advanced, and 4 patients had ulceration and infection in the inguinal region or perineum secondary to tumor. Two patients had tumor-related hypercalcemia. Of the patients 11 received the 3 drugs intravenously, whereas 3 received methotrexate intravenously, and bleomycin and cisplatin intra-arterially for large unilateral nodal metastasis. Of the 14 patients 10 responded, for a response rate of 72% (95% confidence interval 57 to 92%) and the median response duration was 6 months (range 4 to 24 months). Two patients (14%) who were treated intravenously achieved complete responses lasting 6 and 24+ months. Responses occurred in 3 patients with infection and in both patients with hypercalcemia. The combination of methotrexate, bleomycin and cisplatin has significant activity in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the male genital tract. This chemotherapy regimen should be evaluated in earlier disease in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting.
Outlier Detection from Network Data with Subnetwork Interpretation (2016)

Detecting a small number of outliers from a set of data observations is always challenging. This problem is more difficult in the setting of multiple network samples, where computing the anomalous degree of a network sample is generally not sufficient. In fact, explaining why the network is exceptional, expressed in the form of subnetwork, is also equally important. In this paper, we develop a novel algorithm to address these two key problems. We treat each network sample as a potential outlier and identify subnetworks that mostly discriminate it from nearby regular samples. The algorithm is developed in the framework of network regression combined with the constraints on both network topology and L1-norm shrinkage to perform subnetwork discovery. Our method thus goes beyond subspace/subgraph discovery and we show that it converges to a global optimum. Evaluation on various real-world network datasets demonstrates that our algorithm not only outperforms baselines in both network and high dimensional setting, but also discovers highly relevant and interpretable local subnetworks, further enhancing our understanding of anomalous networks.
Identification, Molecular Cloning, and Evaluation of Potential Use of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase II of Mycobacterium bovis BCG in Serodiagnosis of Tuberculosis (2002)

Diagnosis of tuberculosis is time-consuming and requires infrastructures which are often not available in countries with high incidences of the disease. In the present study, an 82-kDa protein antigen was isolated by affinity chromatography and was identified by peptide mass fingerprinting as isocitrate dehydrogenase II, which is encoded by the icd2 gene of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The icd2 gene of BCG was cloned by PCR, and the product of recombinant gene expression was purified and analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The recombinant protein, named rICD2, was tested for its recognition by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies from the sera of 16 patients with tuberculosis (TB) and 23 healthy individuals by Western blotting. The results showed that rICD2 is recognized by IgG antibodies from the sera of all TB patients tested at serum dilutions of > or = 1:640. At a serum dilution of 1:1,280, the sensitivity was 50% and the specificity was 86.9%. These results indicate that rICD2 might represent a candidate for use in a new assay for the serodiagnosis of TB.
Diversity of Mosaic pbp2x Families in Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae from Iran and Romania (2017)

Penicillin-resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> strains are found at high rates in Romania and Iran. The mosaic structure of PBP2x was investigated in 9 strains from Iran and in 15 strains from Romania to understand their evolutionary history. Mutations potentially important for β-lactam resistance were identified by comparison of the PBP2x sequences with the sequence of the related PBP2x of reference penicillin-sensitive <i>S. mitis</i> strains. Two main PBP2x mosaic gene families were recognized. Eight Iranian strains expressed PBP2x variants in group 1, which had a mosaic block highly related to PBP2x of the Spain<sup>23F</sup>-1 clone, which is widespread among international penicillin-resistant <i>S. pneumoniae</i> clones. A second unique PBP2x group was observed in Romanian strains; furthermore, three PBP2x single mosaic variants were found. Sequence blocks of penicillin-sensitive strain <i>S. mitis</i> 658 were common among PBP2x variants from strains from both countries. Each PBP2x group contained specific signature mutations within the transpeptidase domain, documenting the existence of distinct mutational pathways for the development of penicillin resistance.
A possible mechanism for hepatotoxicity induced by BIRB‐796, an orally active p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitor (2011)

BIRB-796, a selective inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, has entered clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Levels of alanine transaminase, a biomarker of hepatic toxicity in clinical pathology, were found to be increased in Crohn's disease patients treated with BIRB-796. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the molecular mechanism(s) of this hepatotoxicity. A toxicogenomic analysis using a highly sensitive DNA chip, 3D-Gene™ Mouse Oligo chip 24k, indicated that BIRB-796 treatment activated the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 signaling pathway, which plays a key role in the response to oxidative stress. A reactive intermediate of BIRB-796 was detected by the glutathione-trapping method using mouse and human liver microsomes. The production of this reactive metabolite in the liver may be one of the causes of BIRB-796's hepatotoxicity.
The Relationship of the Femoral Physis and the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament in Children (2014)

The relationship of the MPFL origin footprint to the femoral physis in the skeletally immature is not well understood. These dissections may be useful to surgeons performing MPFL reconstructions in skeletally immature patients.
Correction: The path to « the Golden Age » for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2018)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25832.].
The Ability of Anesthesia Providers to Visually Estimate Systolic Pressure Variability Using the “Eyeball” Technique (2012)

Visual estimates of respiratory variation are within clinically reasonable limits 82% of the time and lead to erroneous management decisions in 4.4% of measurements.
Taking Further the Domain of Use of Low Plasticized High Molecular Weight PVDF for Monolayer Dynamic Application in Flexible Pipe (2016)

Flexible pipes have been used to transport oil and gas in subsea applications for more than 40 years. Since 2010, and following a significant qualification work performed within Technip flexible pipe technology center, it has been possible to use a low plasticized high molecular weight PVDF with enhanced mechanical properties as monolayer pressure sheath in flexible pipe applications. This qualification work covered both static and dynamic applications. A large number of projects have already taken advantage of the monolayer design for high temperature applications. Indeed, more than 80km of flexible pipe with this PVDF grade have already been manufactured. This paper will present the work that has been carried out during the last 5 years in order to extend the qualified domain of use of this PVDF grade: -Maximum design temperature extended from 130°C to 150°C, -Minimum design temperature extended from −20°C to −30°C, -Design pressure extended up to 17.5kPsi. A specific focus will be made on the results obtained on several tests performed at lab scale and on full scale flexible pipes and which have been used to support this extension of the domain of use. Such tests include the verification of the PVDF grade to sustain rapid gas decompression after exposure to gas medium at high pressure (&gt; 17.5kPsi) and high temperature (150°C). Permeation tests have also been performed at 150°C. Four full scale tests have been performed on a 6″ flexible pipe with design pressure equal to 17.5kPsi. The first test was performed on a flexible pipe sample submitted to a hydrostatic pressure test at a pressure reaching 27.5kPsi. The second test was performed on a flexible subjected to a fatigue test (tension and angle variation) simulating flexible pipe loading in operating conditions. A burst test was performed on a third flexible pipe sample. During this test, a burst pressure equal to 37.9kPsi was reached. Finally, a fourth flexible pipe sample was tested through the realization of a large number of large bending cycles while keeping the flexible under internal pressure. The possibility to use this PVDF grade with enhanced mechanical properties down to −30°C has been demonstrated through the realization of thermal cycles between 150°C and −30°C on two flexible pipe samples. This test is realized in order to confirm sealing efficiency towards thermal stresses which occur during shutdowns. The result of a specific full scale test performed, after ageing at 150°C, in extreme conditions of bending and temperature (lower than −30°C) will also be presented. This extension of the qualified domain of use enables the use of flexible pipes in harsher applications, and also further substantiates the robustness for the use of this grade within the initial qualification domain.
Synthesis of novel glutarimide derivatives via the Michael addition of (hetero)aromatic thiols: pronounced effect of sulfur oxidation on cytotoxicity towards multiple myeloma cell lines (2023)

2-Methylidenepiperidine-2,6-dione was employed as a substrate in the thio-Michael addition of a series of (hetero)-aromatic thiols. Oxidation of the resulting (hetero)arylthio derivatives with Oxone® gave the corresponding sulfones. Testing of the latter against multiple myeloma cell lines MOLP-8 and KMS-12-PE alongside with selected precursor sulfides confirmed the earlier observed significantly higher cytotoxicity of sulfones.
Case 36-1980 (1980)

Presentation of CaseAn 82-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of suspected failure of his electronic pacemaker.He was well until five years earlier, when left hemiparesis developed, and he was admitted to the hospital. On the second hospital day cardiac arrest occurred, and he was resuscitated. Persistent ventricular ectopic activity was poorly controlled by multiple medications, and a transvenous electronic pacemaker was inserted, with improvement. A permanent atrial electrode was positioned in the coronary sinus, with a programmable pacemaker set at 90 beats per minute, and the patient was discharged. Digoxin and small doses of quinidine controlled . . .
Blockade of P2X receptor prevents astroglial death in the dentate gyrus following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (2009)

These findings suggest that astroglial death induced by ATP-mediated microglia activation may be an important pathophysiological pathway in epileptogenesis.
A New Dynamic Foot Abduction Orthosis for Clubfoot Treatment (2007)

Recurrent clubfoot deformity after successful initial correction with the use of the Ponseti method continues to be a common problem and is often caused by noncompliance with wear of the traditional foot abduction brace. The purpose of this study was to assess the results of a newly designed dynamic foot abduction orthosis in terms of (1) parental compliance and (2) effectiveness in preventing recurrent clubfoot deformities. Twenty-eight patients (49 clubfeet) who were treated with a dynamic foot abduction orthosis in accordance with the Ponseti method were included in this study. Of the 28 patients, 18 had idiopathic clubfeet (31 clubfeet), 2 had complex idiopathic clubfeet (4 clubfeet), 5 had myelodysplasia (8 clubfeet), and 3 were syndromic (6 clubfeet). The mean duration of follow-up was 29 months (range, 24-36 months). Noncompliance was reported in only 2 (7.1%) of the 28 patients in the new orthosis compared with the authors' previously reported 41% (21/51) noncompliance rate in patients treated with the use of the traditional foot abduction brace. The two patients in this study, in which parents were noncompliant with orthosis wear, developed recurrent deformities. There were 2 patients (7%) who experienced skin blistering in the new orthosis compared with 12 (23.5%) of 51 patients who experienced blistering with the use of traditional abduction brace in the authors' previously reported study. Logistic regression modeling compliance and recurrence revealed that noncompliance with the foot abduction orthosis was most predictive of recurrence of deformity (odds ratio, 27; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-326; P = 0.01). The articulating foot abduction orthosis is well tolerated by patients and parents and results in a higher compliance rate and a lower complication rate than what were observed with the traditional foot abduction orthosis.
Chemical reactivity of hydrogen bronzes (1986)

The formation and some of the chemical properties of hydrogen bronzes prepared by spillover of hydrogen onto Pt particles deposited on the surface of MoO3, V2O5 and VMoO5.5 are briefly reviewed. The chemical activity refers to the way the hydrogen atoms within those reservoirs are recovered in the presence of hydrogen accepting molecules such as oxygen, carbon monoxide and ethylene. The behaviour of those three bronzes is compared and interpreted in terms of their electronic properties, HxMoO3 behaving with this respect as a metal as the two other ones as semi-conductors.
Pediatric Cranioplasty Using Particulate Calvarial Bone Graft (2008)

Inlay autologous cranial particulate bone graft effectively heals established cranial defects in children. Particulate bone graft can be harvested in infants and young children, does not require neurosurgical assistance, and has minimal morbidity.
The areawide real-time traffic control (ARTC) system: a new traffic control concept (1993)

A traffic control system, called areawide real-time traffic control (ARTC), that addresses frequent occurrences of congestion and provides areawide traffic progression is presented. The signal controllers in ARTC are interconnected through a computer network. By exchanging traffic flow information among the signal controllers, ARTC provides a new concept in areawide traffic control. With a global view of the traffic in the area, ARTC anticipates congestion. Simulation results of the ARTC prototype control algorithm over a linear road topology are also presented, and the results show significant improvement over an optimized fixed time control. The signal controllers and the computer network are designed to support the real-time communication requirements and a sufficient level of fault tolerance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
JERICO-RI network of coastal observatories, proof of concept for Pilot Supersites (2021)

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