gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconditioned Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers - Considering Electrical Safety for Application in Industry (2022)

For many years, manufacturing plants in the process industries, along with hospitals, schools and commercial building owners have installed used circuit breakers in panelboards, switchboards, switchgear and motor control centers with reconditioned replacements. Often, due to the vintage of existing electrical equipment, reconditioned circuit breaker replacements are the only available option. Is this practice safe? Some recognized industry standards such as the Professional Electrical Apparatus Reconditioning League (PEARL) ANSI Accredited Electrical Equipment Reconditioning Standard (EERS) say yes. For Molded Case Circuit Breakers, the recently published U.S. National Electric Code, National Fire Protection Association NFPA70-2020 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> says no. This paper reviews applicable global and regional industry standards for circuit breakers and offer clarity around many words including rebuilt, refurbished, remanufactured, reconditioned and renovated and terms such as field-modified. The paper briefly reviews design and test standards for new 600-volt class molded-case, insulated case and low-voltage power circuit breakers followed by standards covering accepted practices for reconditioned products, with focused guidance on proper application to assure safe and reliable system circuit protection.
iSCSI Security Protocol (2001)

The iSCSI Security Layer is an SSH based protocol for secure, iSCSI
aware, network services over an insecure storage network. The protocol
supports login, server authentication, integrity protection and
encryption, thus enables application such as Virtual Private Storage
Area Networks (VPSAN). Key exchange method, public key algorithm,
symmetric encryption algorithm, message authentication algorithm, and
hash algorithm are all negotiated.
Patterns of Insulin Secretion and Responsiveness in Wistar-Kyoto and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1991)

An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed on 16 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 15 Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) by challenging them with an intravenous glucose load of 0.125 g/100 g body weight. Serum glucose and insulin were measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. In a second experiment, oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) was performed with a glucose load of 170 mg/100 g body weight. Serum glucose and insulin were measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. A third experiment examined in vivo insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose uptake via the insulin suppression test. Glucose (8 mg/kg/min), insulin (2.5 to 4.0 mU/kg/min), and somatostatin (1 ng/kg/min) were infused for 3 h. Steady state serum glucose (SSSG) and serum insulin (SSSI) were determined at 0, 140, 160, and 180 min. IVGTT data indicated that serum glucose values were significantly increased in the WKY compared to the SHR at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. Glucose clearance rates between 15 and 60 min were significantly (P less than .0001) lower in WKY (0.65 +/- 0.07%/min) compared to SHR (1.91 +/- 0.17%/min). The SHR exhibited an exaggerated 15-min peak in insulin secretion that was lacking in the WKY in response to an intravenous glucose load. OGTT data also indicated that the area under the serum insulin curves was higher in the WKY than in the SHR (P less than .017). Peripheral insulin sensitivity showed that despite comparable SSSI levels between the two strains, SSSG values were 31% higher in the SHR compared to the WKY (P less than .001). Thus, it appears that the WKY has a diminished insulin secretory capacity in response to a glucose load, while the SHR has lower tissue responsiveness to insulin's action.
Presynaptic filament dynamics in homologous recombination and DNA repair (2011)

Homologous recombination (HR) is an essential genome stability mechanism used for high-fidelity repair of DNA double-strand breaks and for the recovery of stalled or collapsed DNA replication forks. The crucial homology search and DNA strand exchange steps of HR are catalyzed by presynaptic filaments-helical filaments of a recombinase enzyme bound to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Presynaptic filaments are fundamentally dynamic structures, the assembly, catalytic turnover, and disassembly of which must be closely coordinated with other elements of the DNA recombination, repair, and replication machinery in order for genome maintenance functions to be effective. Here, we reviewed the major dynamic elements controlling the assembly, activity, and disassembly of presynaptic filaments; some intrinsic such as recombinase ATP-binding and hydrolytic activities, others extrinsic such as ssDNA-binding proteins, mediator proteins, and DNA motor proteins. We examined dynamic behavior on multiple levels, including atomic- and filament-level structural changes associated with ATP binding and hydrolysis as evidenced in crystal structures, as well as subunit binding and dissociation events driven by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We examined the biochemical properties of recombination proteins from four model systems (T4 phage, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Homo sapiens), demonstrating how their properties are tailored for the context-specific requirements in these diverse species. We proposed that the presynaptic filament has evolved to rely on multiple external factors for increased multilevel regulation of HR processes in genomes with greater structural and sequence complexity.
Specificity in Transition State Binding: The Pauling Model Revisited (2013)

Linus Pauling proposed that the large rate accelerations for enzymes are caused by the high specificity of the protein catalyst for binding the reaction transition state. The observation that stable analogues of the transition states for enzymatic reactions often act as tight-binding inhibitors provided early support for this simple and elegant proposal. We review experimental results that support the proposal that Pauling's model provides a satisfactory explanation for the rate accelerations for many heterolytic enzymatic reactions through high-energy reaction intermediates, such as proton transfer and decarboxylation. Specificity in transition state binding is obtained when the total intrinsic binding energy of the substrate is significantly larger than the binding energy observed at the Michaelis complex. The results of recent studies that aimed to characterize the specificity in binding of the enolate oxygen at the transition state for the 1,3-isomerization reaction catalyzed by ketosteroid isomerase are reviewed. Interactions between pig heart succinyl-coenzyme A:3-oxoacid coenzyme A transferase (SCOT) and the nonreacting portions of coenzyme A (CoA) are responsible for a rate increase of 3 × 10(12)-fold, which is close to the estimated total 5 × 10(13)-fold enzymatic rate acceleration. Studies that partition the interactions between SCOT and CoA into their contributing parts are reviewed. Interactions of the protein with the substrate phosphodianion group provide an ~12 kcal/mol stabilization of the transition state for the reactions catalyzed by triosephosphate isomerase, orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase, and α-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase. The interactions of these enzymes with the substrate piece phosphite dianion provide a 6-8 kcal/mol stabilization of the transition state for reaction of the appropriate truncated substrate. Enzyme activation by phosphite dianion reflects the higher dianion affinity for binding to the enzyme-transition state complex compared with that of the free enzyme. Evidence is presented that supports a model in which the binding energy of the phosphite dianion piece, or the phosphodianion group of the whole substrate, is utilized to drive an enzyme conformational change from an inactive open form E(O) to an active closed form E(C), by closure of a phosphodianion gripper loop. Members of the enolase and haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase superfamilies use variable capping domains to interact with nonreacting portions of the substrate and sequester the substrate from interaction with bulk solvent. Interactions of this capping domain with the phenyl group of mandelate have been shown to activate mandelate racemase for catalysis of deprotonation of α-carbonyl carbon. We propose that an important function of these capping domains is to utilize the binding interactions with nonreacting portions of the substrate to activate the enzyme for catalysis.
Temporal databases: access structures, search methods, migration strategies, and declustering techniques (1995)

Temporal databases maintain the complete history of all the states of a database. This permits users to query the current state of the database, as well as past states, and even future states that are planned to occur. To provide these capabilities and realize the promise of temporal databases, several technical challenges must be first addressed and resolved. One challenge is to develop techniques for storing and searching the very large amounts of data that are often generated by temporal database systems. Another challenge is the effective use of the storage technology that is currently available, such as write-once optical disks and disk arrays.
This dissertation presents an in-depth analysis of several access structures and search methods for temporal databases. A formal characterization of an efficient access structure, the time index, is given. This structure permits efficient searches on temporal data that often overlaps and has a non-uniform distribution. The data structures for the time index are defined and efficient search algorithms for point and interval based operations are described.
The main drawback of the time index is that it requires a large amount of storage. This dissertation presents a temporal incremental access structure, the time index$\sp+,$ which requires less storage and performs better than the time index. Extensive simulation studies are performed in order to compare the storage requirements and search performance of the time index$\sp+$ with that of the time index, the packed R-tree, and the parameterized R-tree.
In addition, an access structure called the monotonic $B\sp+$-tree for append-only temporal databases is presented. Comprehensive archiving techniques for the monotonic $B\sp+$-tree are provided and search algorithms for magnetic-optical storage media are given.
Finally, the issue of declustering temporal access structures for a single processor multiple independent disk architecture is addressed. Several disk allocation schemes are described for distributing temporal access structures on multiple disks in order to increase concurrent disk accesses in response to point and range queries. The techniques proposed are validated through extensive simulation studies.
Constitution of Bone China: I, High‐Temperature Phase Equilibrium Studies in the System Tricalcium Phosphate—Alumina—Silica (1954)

This investigation represents a first attempt to interpret the thermal behavior and constitution of bone china by means of a phase diagram of an idealized system. A consideration of the Tricalcium phosphate‐alumina‐sica phase diagram in relation to the quaternary system lime‐alumina‐phosphorus pentoxide‐silica indicates that the composition of a normally tired commercial bone china body is β‐tricalcium phosphate and anorthite in a siliceous glassy matrix. X‐ray examinations of many such bodies confirm this interpretation. This preliminary investigation indicates the most profitable fields for further research.
Transparent Conductive ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Plasma Enhanced CVD-Effect of Boron Dopant. (2000)

酸化亜鉛薄膜は, 透明導電膜や紫外発光レーザー材料として注目されている. 本研究ではプラズマCVD法を用い, 酸化剤としてN2Oを, また抵抗率を下げることを目的に安全性の高いドーパントであるトリエトキシボレートB (OC2H5) 3 (TEB) を使用し酸化亜鉛薄膜を作成した. その結果, 基板温度が300℃で最小抵抗率4.55×10-3Ω・cmを得ることができた. この最小抵抗率は電子密度の増大と対応し, 薄膜は高いc-軸配向を示した.
Copper deterioration in a water distribution system of a county hospital in Germany caused by microbially influenced corrosion – II. Simulation of the corrosion process in two test rigs installed in this hospital (1992)

Abstract A copper corrosion process of unknown origin in a county hospital in Germany has been observed in the cold and warm water supplies shortly after operating the hospital. It seemed that the cause of these damages could be attributed to microbially induced corrosion. The evaluation of damages indicated that the constructive design of the installations and the operating conditions are parameters influencing the pitting corrosion to a large extent. In the past other damages have occurred in this water distribution area already [1]. Two test rigs have been installed in the county hospital to simulate the corrosion process and to get a profounder understanding of the corrosion mechanism. The results obtained from these test rigs are compared to the findings in the hospital a few years ago concerning corrosion of copper as well as analytical, biological and operational parameters.
Changes of serum soluble and membranous platelet - T cell activation antigen 1 in renal transplant recipients with acute rejection (2003)

Objective:Platelet and T cell activation antigen 1( PTA1 )has been reported involved in autoimmune disorders and in transplantation models. In this study, we investigate the changes of serum soluble PTA1 (sPTA1) and membranous PTA1 (mPTA1)on lymphocytes in renal allograft recipients with clinically and pathologically diagnosed acute rejection. Methodology:Nineteen renal allograft recipients with acute rejection were included in this study. The diagnosis of acute rejection were made according to the clinical symptoms and histopathologic findings of allograft biopsy. Blood samples were collected each week after the establishment of the diagnosis, and in 3 recipients a blood sample was collected 1 3 days before the diagnosis. Solid phase ligand ELISA was used in analyzing serum sPTA1, and Flow cytometry employed in examining the expression of PTA1 on lymphocytes. Results:In the recipients of renal allograft recipients, the level of serum sPTA1 was found remarkably increased after the establishment of the diagnosis of acute rejection. Enhanced expression of mPTA1 on lymphocytes was found after the diagnosis of acute rejection. Change of serum level of sPTA1 was observed days before the appearance of clinical symptoms and even before the changes of histopathology. And interestingly, the levels of serum sPTA1 and the expression of mPTA1 decreased within days after the use of anti rejection immunosuppressant. Conclusion:PTA1 is a sensitive parameter for the diagnosis of acute rejection in renal allograft recipients and also a valuable one for monitoring the therapeutic response of anti rejection therapy.
Multi- h phase codes for continuous phase modulation (1992)

The best multi-h phase codes which produce the highest minimum Euclidean distance are reported at preselected numbers of states. 2-h, 3-h and 4-h signals are considered in the code search. Numerical results are presented separately for binary full-response and partial-response signals, with a rectangular and a raised cosine baseband pulse.
TESS unveils the phase curve of WASP-33b. Characterization of the planetary atmosphere and the pulsations from the star (2020)

We present the detection and characterization of the full-orbit phase curve and secondary eclipse of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b at optical wavelengths, along with the pulsation spectrum of the host star. We analyzed data collected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) in sector 18. WASP-33b belongs to a very short list of highly irradiated exoplanets that were discovered from the ground and were later visited by TESS. The host star of WASP-33b is of delta Scuti-type and shows nonradial pulsations in the millimagnitude regime, with periods comparable to the period of the primary transit. These completely deform the photometric light curve, which hinders our interpretations. By carrying out a detailed determination of the pulsation spectrum of the host star, we find 29 pulsation frequencies with a signal-to-noise ratio higher than 4. After cleaning the light curve from the stellar pulsations, we confidently report a secondary eclipse depth of 305.8 +/- 35.5 parts-per-million (ppm), along with an amplitude of the phase curve of 100.4 +/- 13.1 ppm and a corresponding westward offset between the region of maximum brightness and the substellar point of 28.7 +/- 7.1 degrees, making WASP-33b one of the few planets with such an offset found so far. Our derived Bond albedo, A_B = 0.369 +/- 0.050, and heat recirculation efficiency, epsilon = 0.189 +/- 0.014, confirm again that he behavior of WASP-33b is similar to that of other hot Jupiters, despite the high irradiation received from its host star. By connecting the amplitude of the phase curve to the primary transit and depths of the secondary eclipse, we determine that the day- and nightside brightness temperatures of WASP-33b are 3014 +/- 60 K and 1605 +/- 45 K, respectively. From the detection of photometric variations due to gravitational interactions, we estimate a planet mass of M_P = 2.81 +/- 0.53 M$_J.
The Democratic Values of the Student Movement in Kosovo 1997/1999 and Their Echoes in Western Diplomacy (2018)

After the fall of east orientated political system and coming of the pluralistic system in the Yugoslav federation, the nationalisms that claimed to dominate Yugoslavia, such as Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian nationalism came to the surface, which also led to the overthrow of Yugoslavia. Following the abolition of Kosovo's limited autonomy of 1974, in March 1989, the Milosevic Serb regime during the 1990s imposed violent measures in all Kosovo institutions by removing Albanian workers from their jobs. Thus, Kosovo, Albanians were expelled collectively from the education process in the Albanian language, and left school and university facilities. Efforts to reach an agreement between Albanians and Serbian representatives for education during 1992 were unsuccessful. In these difficult contexts, the parallel education system of Kosovo Albanians was organized. In these difficult circumstances, students and Albanian students continued learning outside school facilities. After ignoring the Kosovo problem in the peace agreement reached in Dayton for Bosnia, the dissatisfaction with the peace policy led by Dr. Ibrahim Rugova grew all over Kosovo. In these circumstances, professors and students with vision began to talk about the organization of peaceful protests against the Serbian regime. After a long process, a new student movement took place at the University of Prishtina, which marks the beginning of the great protest on 1 October 1997. In this paper, we analyse the attitudes of international diplomacy with a special emphasis on the West in relation to this movement following the 1 October 1997 peace protests in Kosovo.
Measurement of Nonlinear Receptivity to Surface Irregularities (1998)

Acoustic receptivity is the process by which acoustic disturbances are internalized into the shear layer to generate instability waves. Experiments have shown that, when tuned to the eigenvalue modes, the amplitude of the resulting T-S waves scales with the acoustic field intensity. When a surface irregularity is present, the characteristic wall wavenumber forces a spatial mode onto the near-wall mean velocity field, thus providing modal length scales comparable to those of T-S waves. In this experiment an attempt was made to increase the acoustic receptivity by exciting a difference mode via a quadratic interaction between two larger-wavenumber, forced modes. The difference mode is tuned to the dominant T-S eigenmode wavenumber. As expected, an increased receptivity corresponding to the difference mode was measured downstream of branch I, suggesting the presence of the nonlinearity.
One case report of Diphyllobothrium latum infection in Korea. (1971)

A case of DiPhyllobothrium tatum infection&#13;\nwas recorded. A 50-year-old healthy Korean&#13;\nmale was infected with this tape worm and&#13;\ntreated with atabrine orally. An incomplete&#13;\nstrobila without scolex and neck parts was&#13;\ncollected. On the basis of morphological characteristics,&#13;\nit was identified as D. tatum.&#13;\nIt is the most probable that the infection is&#13;\nautochthonous, because of past history of the&#13;\npatient the distribution of possible intermediate&#13;\nhosts and commercial status of fisheries imports&#13;\nin Korea.&#13;\nThis is the first record of DiPhyllobothrium&#13;\ntatum infection in Korea which was verified&#13;\nwith the recovery of the adult worm.
A 135 MHz 542 k Gates High Throughput H.264/AVC Scalable High Profile Decoder (2011)

To satisfy the requirement of application heterogeneities, the latest H.264/AVC based video coding standard called scalable video coding additional includes temporal, SNR, and spatial scalabilities for frame rate, quality, and frame resolution adaptation. However, these inclusions significantly increase chip design difficulties such as decoding time, memory bandwidth, and area cost. This paper presents an H.264/AVC scalable high profile decoder realization with several optimization techniques to provide high throughput video decoding. For decoding flow, this paper proposes an one-pass macroblock-based quality layer decoding flow for SNR scalability and 71% of external memory bandwidth and 66% of macroblock processing cycles can be saved. For texture padding in interlayer intra prediction, the modified padding flow can save 26% of decoding time. For interlayer predictor design, this paper proposes a centralized concept for accumulation-based calculation of corresponding spatial position, simplified poly-phase interpolator, and efficient motion vector generator to save area cost and decoding time. Furthermore, the residual reconstruction path with the parallel-pipeline architecture is also proposed to cope with the additional decoding complexity and thus leads to 54% of gate count savings compared to the traditional serial-pipeline architecture. Finally, the proposed H.264/AVC scalable high profile decoder design is implemented with 90 nm CMOS technology and it costs 542 k gate count and 39.66 Kbytes on-chip memory while is capable to decode 60 frames/s for resolution with three quality layers at 135 MHz operating frequency.
HVEM structures and mutants reveal distinct functions of binding to LIGHT and BTLA/CD160 (2021)

HVEM is a TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor contributing to a broad range of immune functions involving diverse cell types. It interacts with a TNF ligand, LIGHT, and immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily members BTLA and CD160. Assessing the functional impact of HVEM binding to specific ligands in different settings has been complicated by the multiple interactions of HVEM and HVEM binding partners. To dissect the molecular basis for multiple functions, we determined crystal structures that reveal the distinct HVEM surfaces that engage LIGHT or BTLA/CD160, including the human HVEM-LIGHT-CD160 ternary complex, with HVEM interacting simultaneously with both binding partners. Based on these structures, we generated mouse HVEM mutants that selectively recognized either the TNF or Ig ligands in vitro. Knockin mice expressing these muteins maintain expression of all the proteins in the HVEM network, yet they demonstrate selective functions for LIGHT in the clearance of bacteria in the intestine and for the Ig ligands in the amelioration of liver inflammation.