gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developmental analysis of hippocampal mossy fiber outgrowth in a mutant mouse with inherited spike-wave seizures (1993)

Neural firing patterns are an essential determinant of normal axon terminal growth and synaptic connectivity in developing afferent pathways, but the trophic role of synchronous activity in associative neural networks is less well defined. We examined the ontogeny of inherited synchronous hippocampal network discharges and mossy fiber innervation patterns at sequential stages of development in the stargazer (stg) mutant, a single-locus mouse mutation expressing generalized spike-wave epilepsy. Brief bursts of 6/sec repetitive discharges arise spontaneously on postnatal days 17-18 and persistently activate neocortical and hippocampal networks throughout adulthood. We found a striking pattern of mossy fiber recurrent axon collateral sprouting in the inner molecular layer of dentate gyrus in the adult stg hippocampus. Sprouting is not apparent until 4-6 weeks following seizure onset, but then steadily intensifies with continued synchronous activation. In the adult mutant, axon outgrowth is accompanied by a mild selective loss of hilar interneurons without gliosis. These data indicate that hypersynchronous stimulation during late postnatal brain development is linked, following a prolonged latent period, to significant fiber outgrowth and synaptic reorganization within the hippocampal formation. Since the pattern of synchronous activation in the stg mutant strongly resembles that seen in human spike-wave absence epilepsy, the synaptic plasticity described in this model has important implications for normal brain development in this common disorder.
Factors affecting the photokilling of cultured Chinese hamster cells by phthalocyanines. (1985)

Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (CAPC) was recently shown to sensitize the inactivation of cultured Chinese hamster cells by visible light. Several factors affecting the photodynamic action of CAPC have been defined in the present study. Thus the photosensitized inactivation of Chinese hamster cells is not affected by superoxide dismutase, suggesting that O-2 radicals are not involved in the process. Postillumination treatments with D2O or heat (42 degrees C, 90 min) enhanced CAPC-induced photosensitivity, indicating the existence of a repair mechanism for photodamage. Preillumination treatments with sodium salicylate and 5-bromodeoxyuridine also enhanced photosensitivity. The later observation suggests that CAPC-induced DNA damage is potentially lethal. However, 3-aminobenzamide, a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis which is involved in repair of DNA strand breakage, had no effect on the photosensitivity. Photosensitized inactivation by CAPC is dependent on the pH value of the medium during irradiation. Thus, in the range of pH values 6-8, the sensitivity was increased at the lower values.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor Prevents Acute Lung Injury After Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1999)

All pathological changes typical of ALI after CPB were prevented by CMT-3. Prevention of lung dysfunction followed an attenuation of both elastase and MMP-2 activity. This study suggests that strategies to combat ARDS should target terminal neutrophil effectors.
Analysis of the Constituents in “Zhu She Yong Xue Shuan Tong” by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Combined with Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography (2015)

"Zhu She Yong Xue Shuan Tong" lyophilized powder (ZSYXST), consists of a series of saponins extracted from Panax notoginseng, which has been widely used in China for the treatment of strokes. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) combined with preparative high performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC) method was developed to rapidly identify both major and minor saponins in ZSYXST. Some high content components were removed through PHPLC in order to increase the sensitivity of the trace saponins. Then, specific characteristic fragment ions in both positive and negative mode were utilized to determine the types of aglycone, saccharide, as well as the saccharide chain linkages. As a result, 94 saponins, including 20 pairs of isomers and ten new compounds, which could represent higher than 98% components in ZSYXST, were identified or tentatively identified in commercial ZSYXST samples.
Intra-Arterial rtPA Treatment of Stroke Assessed by Diffusion- and Perfusion-Weighted MRI (1999)

Findings on PWI correlated well with angiography, and DWI detected injured tissue in the hyperacute stage, whereas conventional MRI findings were negative. This suggests that these techniques may be useful to noninvasively evaluate the success of thrombolytic therapy.
1B2_0194_ FABRICATION OF POROUS POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS EMBEDDED WITH NANOSILICA BASED ON IMMISCIBLE POLYMERS BLEND BY MELT SPINNING AND SELECTIVE EXTRACTION (2019)

Development of methods for the functionalization of fibrous materials to improve properties meets the increasing demand for technological needs in various fields. The use of a combination of two immiscible polymers in a filament can allows new high added-value advanced structures. In this study, melt spinning technology was adopted for the polypropylene/polyvinyl alcohol (PP/PVA) blends containing silica nanoparticles, aimed at fabricating biphasic fibers with unevenly distributed silica nanoparticles. The localization of silica nanoparticles has been revealed mainly due to the thermodynamic factors, and the design can help produce a surface-decorated fibrous scaffold with embedded nanoparticles after the selective extraction. The fiber morphology was also investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Its mean diameter of PVA dispersed phase within PP matrix can reach submicron scale, with the specific interface area over 3.2 m2/g, which can provide a fiber porous structure. In addition, the mechanical properties of the multifilament fibers were studied via tensile test as well, and the interface-located silica nanoparticles has the slightest impact. Its mechanical properties can be maintained to a great extent as well, which gives a premise for further textile utilization.
Stop and Go: The Neural Basis of Selective Movement Prevention (2008)

Converging lines of evidence show that volitional movement prevention depends on the right prefrontal cortex (PFC), especially the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Selective movement prevention refers to the rapid prevention of some, but not all, movement. It is unknown whether the IFG, or other prefrontal areas, are engaged when movement must be selectively prevented, and whether additional cortical areas are recruited. We used rapid event-related fMRI to investigate selective and nonselective movement prevention during performance of a temporally demanding anticipatory task. Most trials involved simultaneous index and middle finger extension. Randomly interspersed trials required the prevention of one, or both, finger movements. Regions of the right hemisphere, including the IFG, were active for selective and nonselective movement prevention, with an overlap in the inferior parietal cortex and the middle frontal gyrus. Selective movement prevention caused a significant delay in movement initiation of the other digit. These trials were associated with activation of the medial frontal cortex. The results provide support for a right-hemisphere network that temporarily "brakes" all movement preparation. When movement is selectively prevented, the supplementary motor cortex (SMA/pre-SMA) may participate in conflict resolution and subsequent reshaping of excitatory drive to the motor cortex.
3D Model Annotation from Multiple Viewpoints for Croquet (2006)

This paper explores ways by which multiple authors can annotate 3D models from multiple viewpoints in a 3D collaborative environment, with particular reference to the environment provided by Croquet. We deal with two types of viewpoint: the conceptual viewpoint and the physical viewpoint. Our approach is to exploit the portal, which is a notable feature of Croquet, in order to achieve our goal. We can assume that a physical viewpoint is expressed by the position and orientation of a portal. To provide a method for annotation based on the conceptual viewpoint, we developed a new portal called an "interactor". The design and our preliminary implementation are discussed
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Direct CH Amination of Benzamides with Aryl Azides: A Synthetic Route to Diarylamines (2012)

All inclusive: In der Titelreaktion von Benzamiden und Ketoximen dienen Arylazide als Quelle für die Amineinheit. Der intermolekulare Prozess verfügt über eine große Substratbreite bei ausgezeichneter Verträglichkeit mit funktionellen Gruppen, liefert die Diarylamine in hohen Ausbeuten, erfordert keine zusätzlichen Oxidationsmittel und setzt N2 als einziges weiteres Produkt frei. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Figure.S4 from Genome-Wide miRNA Expression Profiling of Molecular Subgroups of Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S4: Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering (HC) of PTCL subgroups. A. PCA of PTCL subgroups and CD3+ T cells based on miRNA expression quantified using with the qRT-PCR platform (ABI, Inc).B. HC based on expression of miRNA in the nCounter signatures in PTCL subtypes and CD3+ T cells profiled with the qRT-PCR platform (ABI, Inc). C. Scatter plot of microRNA expression between n-Counter and ABI qRT-PCR platforms in 4 PTCL cases profiled on both platforms. miRNA-126 and miRNA-145 are colored in red and blue, respectively. miRNA that showed skewed expression (were in the upper quartile in a case on 1 platform, but in the lower quartile for that case when measured by other platform) are noted by the other colored dots. D. Supervised clustering on ABI platform using the differentially expressed genes of PTCL subtypes obtained from n-Counter&lt;/p&gt;
Behavior of Bacteria in the Inductively Coupled Plasma:  Atomization and Production of Atomic Ions for Mass Spectrometry (2005)

The combination of perfusion chromatography (PC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) is a fast, general way to monitor metal incorporation into bacteria. U+ signals from U incorporated intrinsically in Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) are measured with 4 ms time resolution to investigate the behavior of individual cells in the ICP. When intact B. subtilis cells are introduced directly into the ICP, occasional U+ spikes are observed. The positive U+ spikes suggest that bacteria behave more like solid particles than wet droplets in the ICP, compared to previous studies of such transient effects in the ICP. Drying the bacterial aerosol does not eliminate the spikes. Lysing the bacteria by sonication increases the U+ response by 30% compared to that from the untreated sample. PC results from a 10 ppb U standard, partially lysed and fully lysed bacteria samples show that the intracellular U-bound species are released by sonication and are small in size. The atomization-ionization efficiencies for different elements (U, Ca, and Mg) from cells differ somewhat. Reducing the aerosol gas flow rate by 0.1 L min-1 improves the relative U+ response for unlysed bacteria to 85% of that for lysed cells, although the absolute U+ signal is attenuated greatly.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,6‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐ hydroxybenzylidene)‐2,5‐cyclohexadien‐1‐one. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
DREAMS: Secure communication between resource management components in networked multi-core systems (2016)

In mixed-criticality systems, resource management services are required to recognize and fulfill system wide high-level constraints, e.g., end-to-end deadlines. This is not possible through individual resources in isolation. Instead, a system-wide view is necessary which requires system-wide decisions. In the European FP7 project DREAMS, services for system-wide adaptability of mixed-criticality applications consuming several resources are provided via a hierarchical resource management. The resource management is a promising target for a passive as well as an active attacker since it deals with critical information of the system. The fact of having the authority to actively take decisions on resource allocation makes it an interesting target. Therefore, security mechanisms are required to ensure an adequate protection of the system's resource management. This paper introduces the DREAMS secure resource management services, specifically secure communication between the resource managers. Furthermore, the resource management infrastructure is analyzed with respect to possible attacks and suitable countermeasures are discussed. A security library is developed in accordance to the identified countermeasures and implemented as a proof of concept.
Microbending Loss Properties of Different Fiber Designs (2021)

Simulation model to calculate the micro-bending loss, based on the coupled mode theory with additional empirical parameters is fitted to our measurement data. Relation between micro-bending loss, effective core area and design parameters are investigated.
The Contribution of Transposable Elements to Expressed Coding Sequence in Arabidopsis thaliana (2009)

The goal of this study was to assess the extent to which transposable elements (TEs) have contributed to protein-coding regions in Arabidopsis thaliana. To do this, we first characterized the extent of chimeric TE-gene constructs. We compared a genome-wide TE database to genomic sequences, annotated coding regions, and EST data. The comparison revealed that 7.8% of expressed genes contained a region with close similarity to a known TE sequence. Some groups of TEs, such as helitrons, were underrepresented in exons relative to their genome-wide distribution; in contrast, Copia-like and En/Spm-like sequences were overrepresented in exons. These 7.8% percent of genes were enriched for some GO-based functions, particularly kinase activity, and lacking in other functions, notably structural molecule activity. We also examined gene family evolution for these genes. Gene family information helped clarify whether the sequence similarity between TE and gene was due to a TE contributing to the gene or, instead, the TE co-opting a portion of the gene. Most (66%) of these genes were not easily assigned to a gene family, and for these we could not infer the direction of the relationship between TE and gene. For the remainder, where appropriate, we built phylogenetic trees to infer the direction of the TE-gene relationship by parsimony. By this method, we verified examples where TEs contributed to expressed proteins. Our results are undoubtedly conservative but suggest that TEs may have contributed small protein segments to as many as 1.2% of all expressed, annotated A. thaliana genes.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)-Releasing Hormone: Chronic Effects on LH and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Cells and Secretion in Adult Male Rats* (1990)

We investigated whether chronic administration of LHRH to normal adult rats could increase the percentages of anterior pituitary gland (APG) cells that contain immunoreactive LH and/or FSH and gonadotropin secretion. Vehicle or 1 microgram LHRH was injected sc twice daily for 6 days, and rats were decapitated 16 h after the last injection. Treatment with LHRH caused nearly a doubling in the numerical density of LH and FSH cells and in the percentage of APG cells that contained LH or FSH. It also caused a shift in the gonadotroph population from LH and LH/FSH cells to LH/FSH cells. It did not change the mean size of gonadotrophs or APG weight. These changes at the light microscopic level were not accompanied by any apparent changes in LH cells at the ultrastructural level. However, they were accompanied by an approximate doubling of the basal serum LH and FSH concentrations, an increase in the APG FSH concentration, and an increase in the basal FSH release rate (measured in vitro). The results indicate that exogenous LHRH can be administered to increase numbers of gonadotrophs in the APG, synthesis of FSH in gonadotrophs, and basal serum LH and FSH concentrations.
Characterization of different subsets of human follicular helper T (TFH) cells (152.9) (2011)

Abstract Follicular helper T (TFH) cells are specialized CD4+ T cells that are localized in B cell follicles and help B cells produce antigen-specific antibodies via contact and secretion of IL-21 and IL-4. In mice, they are characterized by high expression of CXCR5, PD-1, ICOS, and Bcl-6, and low expression of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1); however, the study of TFH cells in human is more limited. Here we identified three subsets of human tonsillar TFH cells (CXCR5hiPD-1hiICOShiPSGL-1lo) based upon the expression of CD127 and CD57 and characterized them using flow cytometry, tissue distribution, microarray analysis, and B cell help, and compared them to traditional Th effector subsets and naïve cells. TFH cells, residing in the B cell follicle and germinal center (GC) by confocal microscopy, were CD45RAloCXCR5hiPD-1hiICOShiPSGL-1lo. Following sorting, the three subsets of TFH cells produced comparable levels of IL-21 and IL-4, and expressed transcripts of Bcl6. In addition, these subsets efficiently induced GC B cells to produce switched immunoglobulin. By contrast, Th1 and Th17 cells, as defined by IFNγ and IL-17 secretion and by Tbx21 and Rorc expression, respectively, were CD45RAloCXCR5loPD-1loPSGL-1hi, with T cell zone residence. These studies define characteristics of TFH subsets in human tonsils and potentially pave the way for identifying therapeutic targets in SLE. Work to investigate their unique function and differential gene expression is underway.
Direct Observation of an Oxepin from a Bacterial Cytochrome P450‐Catalyzed Oxidation (2016)

The cytochromes P450 are hemoproteins that catalyze a range of oxidative C-H functionalization reactions, including aliphatic and aromatic hydroxylation. These transformations are important in a range of biological contexts, including biosynthesis and xenobiotic biodegradation. Much work has been carried out on the mechanism of aliphatic hydroxylation, implicating hydrogen atom abstraction, but aromatic hydroxylation is postulated to proceed differently. One mechanism invokes as the key intermediate an arene oxide (and/or its oxepin tautomer). Conclusive isolation of this intermediate has remained elusive and, currently, direct formation of phenols from a Meisenheimer intermediate is believed to be favored. We report here the identification of a P450 [P450cam (CYP101A1) and P450cin (CYP176A1)]-generated arene oxide as a product of in vitro oxidation of tert-butylbenzene. Computations (CBS-QB3) predict that the arene oxide and oxepin have similar stabilities to other arene oxides/oxepins implicated (but not detected) in P450-mediated transformations, suggesting that arene oxides can be unstable terminal products of P450-catalyzed aromatic oxidation that can explain the origin of some observed metabolites.
Characterization of multilayer diffusion barriers by electron probe microanalysis and Auger electron spectroscopy (1984)

Several electron probe microanalysis and Auger electron spectroscopy profiling techniques were used to characterize diffusion behavior and intermetallic compound formation at diffusion barriers in engine bearings. Four Auger techniques were employed: sputtering, taper sectioning, ball cratering, and cross sectioning with examination by a high resolution electron beam. Cross sections of the bearings were also studied using both scanning and focused-spot techniques of the electron probe microanalyzer. The advantages and shortcomings of the various preparation and analysis methods are discussed. No single method could adequately characterize the system, but the combination of techniques proved sufficient. The analyses showed current single-barrier bearings underwent undesired diffusion during engine operation. Results of the chemical composition profiles were mapped onto ternary and quaternary diagrams. These diagrams were used to optimize the relative layer thicknesses in a new trimetal barrier bearing with improved score resistance.
Computational Study of the Gas Phase Reactions of Isopropylimido and Allylimido Tungsten Precursors for Chemical Vapor Deposition of Tungsten Carbonitride Films: Implications for the Choice of Carrier Gas (2008)

Computational chemistry was employed to investigate possible gas phase decomposition pathways of the precursors Cl4(CH3CN)W═NR (2: R = iPr; 3: R = C3H5) for MOCVD of tungsten carbonitride (WNxCy) thin films. The preferred pathways were demonstrated to be dependent on the presence of reactive species as a model for the selection of carrier gas in deposition experiments. For all gases, rapid dissociation of the acetonitrile ligand to generate Cl4W═NR (2a: R = iPr; 3a: R = C3H5) was assumed to be the first step. Calculations on a unimolecular pathway to generate WCl4 from 2a or 3a via α-shift of hydrogen and subsequent W−N(imido) bond cleavage are consistent with mass spectrometric data on 2 and 3. The presence of H2 facilitated cleavage of the metal-chloride bonds via σ-bond metathesis, resulting in an increase in the strength of the W−N(imido) bond compared to the N(imido)−C bond. The presence of NH3 led to exchange of the alkylimido ligand (NR) with NH via transamination and also to addition−elimination pathways that generated derivatives with an additional N-bound ligand (amido or imido) and concomitant loss of HCl. These reaction pathways had similar activation energies, suggesting that film growth and film properties could be altered by the choice of carrier gas.
Implementing BIM and Finite Element Analysis in a Structural Integrity Investigation of Curtain Walls (2019)

ABSTRACT Evaluating the structural integrity of curtain walls during the life cycle of a building project can assist architects in developing better designs, help contractors establish better installation methods, and allow facility managers make informed maintenance decisions. This paper presents an effort to develop a process which combines three types of technologies: 3D laser scanning, Building Information Modeling (BIM), and Finite Element Analysis (FEA), to evaluate the structural integrity of a curtain wall. In a case study, a 3D laser scanner was used to scan the curtain wall, the resulting set of point clouds was used to create an actual as-built BIM model. This “as-is” BIM model is different than a construction as-built BIM model in that the former model captures existing deformations developed during construction, installation, and maintenance phases. Then further analysis was completed using simulation with FEA using the BIM model to potentially predict any future structural issues. Wind loads on the building façade and their effect on unintentional stresses built into the glass panel were studied. The final results inform of deformities in the curtain wall and show the amount of wind load the structure can support before there is a risk of structural damage. The contribution of this study is that the harmonious three-step technique quickens the entire process of identifying the risks to a building element. An additional use for these common software packages would be beneficial to all the stakeholders involved in the life cycle of the building, especially those concerned with the facilities management and the building life cycle.