gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The kinetics of multibranch integration on the dendritic arbor of CA1 pyramidal neurons (2014)

The process by which synaptic inputs separated in time and space are integrated by the dendritic arbor to produce a sequence of action potentials is among the most fundamental signal transformations that takes place within the central nervous system. Some aspects of this complex process, such as integration at the level of individual dendritic branches, have been extensively studied. But other aspects, such as how inputs from multiple branches are combined, and the kinetics of that integration have not been systematically examined. Using a 3D digital holographic photolysis technique to overcome the challenges posed by the complexities of the 3D anatomy of the dendritic arbor of CA1 pyramidal neurons for conventional photolysis, we show that integration on a single dendrite is fundamentally different from that on multiple dendrites. Multibranch integration occurring at oblique and basal dendrites allows somatic action potential firing of the cell to faithfully follow the driving stimuli over a significantly wider frequency range than what is possible with single branch integration. However, multibranch integration requires greater input strength to drive the somatic action potentials. This tradeoff between sensitivity and temporal precision may explain the puzzling report of the predominance of multibranch, rather than single branch, integration from in vivo recordings during presentation of visual stimuli.
Additive manufacturing using polyurea materials (2023)

Methods of additive manufacture using coreactive components are disclosed. Thermosetting compositions for additive manufacturing are also disclosed.
Role of Preferential Ions of Ammonium Ionic Liquid in Destabilization of Collagen (2016)

Ions play a key role in the destabilization of collagen. This study explores the effect of diethyl methyl ammonium methane sulfonate (AMS), an ionic liquid (IL), on different hierarchical orderings of collagen, namely, at the molecular and fibrillar levels. The rheological behavior and secondary structural changes reveal changes in the hydrogen-bonding environment of collagen, leading to alterations in the triple helical structure of collagen. An increase in the concentration of AMS resulted in swelling of rat-tail tendon fibers, and also, decreased thermal stability signifies that ions are obliged to destabilize collagen at the fibrillar level. Molecular modeling studies confirm that anions are judiciously held responsible for structural deformities in collagen, whereas cations have a tenuous effect. Thus, the preferential role of ions present in an ammonium IL has been elucidated in this study.
Non-Contact High Temperature Measurement Using Raman Scattering in Sapphire (2019)

Presented by NETL at ISA Power Industry Division Symposium, 06/17
Feed intake, growth and nutrient utilization in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) fed diets containing a bacterial protein meal (2007)

Triplicate groups of Atlantic halibut were fed diets containing 0%, 9% or 18% of a bacterial protein meal (BPM) produced from natural gas in a 9-week trial. Growth rates, relative feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and retention of all indispensable amino acids were significantly lower in fish fed the 18% BPM diets than in those fed the 0% and 9% BPM diets. There were no significant treatment effects on urea levels in plasma, liver or muscle, or in uric acid levels in plasma. The hepatosomatic index was lowest in fish fed the 18% BPM diet. Although the concentration of copper, an element abundant in BPM, increased in the liver as dietary BPM level increased, the total copper content in liver decreased. Fish fed the 0% and 9% BPM diets had a higher degree of supranuclear vacuolization of pyloric caeca and mid-intestine epithelia compared with fish fed the 18% BPM diet. In conclusion, the halibut fed the 9% BPM diet performed equally well as the control group regarding growth, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio, whereas performance was reduced in the fish fed the 18% BPM diet.
Investigation of a Congenital Abnormal Plasminogen, Frankfurt I, and Its Relationship to Thrombosis (1986)

A new abnormal plasminogen, Frankfurt I, has been identified in the plasma of a 42 year-old male patient who has recurrent deep vein thrombosis. Clinical laboratory data showed normal hemostasis test results. Since plasma plasmin generation rates gave low values, the fibrinolytic system was analyzed for a possible fibrinolytic system defect. Functional and antigen plasminogen concentrations both in the plasma and with the isolated, purified plasminogen showed that only 49% of the antigen concentration had potential functional active sites. Also, a reduced antigen concentration was found in both the propositus, and his mother (46% active sites). Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified Frankfurt I plasminogen showed a normal native Glu-plasminogen band. Crossed-immunoelectrophoresis revealed a peak with normal size and shape, but displaced with respect to normal Glu-plasminogen toward the anode, i.e., was, as a whole, more negatively charged. Isoelectric focusing followed by zymography on a agarose-fibrin plate proved this observation, but did not indicate a separation of the normal from the abnormal plasminogen molecular species, also, fewer bands were found in the abnormal plasminogen isozyme pattern. Kinetic studies of Frankfurt I Glu-plasminogen and plasmin led to the conclusion that most of the functional abnormality is related to absence of active sites in half of the molecules. The plasmin generated was very unstable in the absence of stabilizing ligands and/or substrates. After reduction, the plasmin was completely converted to the typical two plasmin chains, A and B.
Fish Associations among Un-notched, Notched and L-head Dikes in the Middle Mississippi River (2015)

Wing dikes and other anthropogenic modifications have heavily altered riverine ecosystems. Recent efforts to reach a compromise between the needs of the river transportation industry and natural resource conservation include dike modification. Dike notching permits water flow through the landward portion of the dike and has been purported to provide suitable habitat for fish and other river biota while maintaining the navigation channel. L-head dikes are flow-control structures that create calm backwater-like habitats downstream. However, few researchers have examined the actual effects of dike notching on water quality or fish communities. We compared standardized catch per unit effort and overall community structure for 50 fish species among un-notched dikes, notched dikes and L-head dikes in the Middle Mississippi River, sampled as part of the US Geological Survey's Long-Term Resource Monitoring Program. There were no differences in standardized catch per unit effort for 64% of the fishes examined. Five species known to be associated with lotic habitats were most abundant near L-head dikes. Seven species were more abundant at un-notched dikes than notched dikes, while six species were more abundant at notched dikes than un-notched dikes. Non-metric multidimensional scaling suggested differences in overall fish community structure between un-notched and other dike types. Detailed physical habitat studies should be conducted to better understand the effects of dike modification. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of the top-quark pair-production cross section in events with two leptons and bottom-quark jets using the full CDF data set (2013)

We present a measurement of the top-quark pair production cross section in proton-antiproton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. The data were collected at the Fermilab Tevatron by the CDF II detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $8.8\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, representing the complete CDF Run II data set. We select events consistent with the production of top-quark pairs by requiring the presence of two reconstructed leptons, an imbalance in the total event transverse momentum, and jets. At least one jet is required to be identified as consistent with the fragmentation of a bottom quark using a secondary-vertex-finding algorithm. The 246 candidate events are estimated to have a signal purity of 91%. We measure a cross section of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{t\overline{t}}=7.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.84\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{pb}$, assuming a top-quark mass of $172.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$. The results are consistent with the standard model as predicted by next-to-leading-order calculations.
Excimer laser-induced deposition of InP: Crystallographic and mechanistic studies (1985)

InP thin films have been deposited on several types of substrates via 193-nm excimer laser-induced photochemical decomposition of (CH3)3In and P(CH3)3 gas-phase precursors. The characteristics of the deposited films are studied over a wide range of conditions. A photochemical model is proposed which explains the stoichiometry and rate at which the film deposits. Approximate fluences are given for the onset of (in order of increasing fluence) In-precursor photochemistry, P-precursor photochemistry, CHx photochemistry, laser-induced crystallization, and laser damage. Crystallinity of InP films deposited on (100) InP substrates has been studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. Films range from amorphous to epitaxial, depending upon conditions (most notably fluence incident on the substrate). The best film deposited at ∼0.1 J/cm2 and at a steady-state temperature of only ∼320 °C had a backscattering spectrum indistinguishable from that of the substrate single crystal. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a 100% photochemically-induced deposition of an epitaxial, III-V compound semiconductor thin film (i.e., no growth in the absence of light), and also the first report of an epitaxial InP film deposited from organometallic precursors at a steady-state temperature below the incongruent decomposition temperature of InP (∼350 °C).
Efficient scheduling of nonuniform packet traffic in a WDM/TDM local lightwave network with arbitrary transceiver tuning latencies (2002)

A passive-star-based, broadcast-and-select, local lightwave network which can support a limited number of WDM channels (on the order of ten), but serve a much larger number of nodes (a few tens or hundreds), is considered. Each node is equipped with one tunable transmitter and one fixed receiver, and each WDM channel is operated in a TDM fashion for carrying packet traffic. Bandwidth is allocated to the node pairs when traffic flow between them is non-uniform, while also accommodating transceiver tuning latency. Our approach exploits well-known results from scheduling theory to create efficient transmission schedules.
The landscape of compressibility measures for two-dimensional data (2023)

In this paper we extend to two-dimensional data two recently introduced one-dimensional compressibility measures: the $γ$ measure defined in terms of the smallest string attractor, and the $δ$ measure defined in terms of the number of distinct substrings of the input string. Concretely, we introduce the two-dimensional measures $γ_{2D}$ and $δ_{2D}$, as natural generalizations of $γ$ and $δ$, and we initiate the study of their properties. Among other things, we prove that $δ_{2D}$ is monotone and can be computed in linear time, and we show that, although it is still true that $δ_{2D} \leq γ_{2D}$, the gap between the two measures can be $Ω(\sqrt{n})$ and therefore asymptotically larger than the gap between $γ$ and $δ$. To complete the scenario of two-dimensional compressibility measures, we introduce the measure $b_{2D}$ which generalizes to two dimensions the notion of optimal parsing. We prove that, somewhat surprisingly, the relationship between $b_{2D}$ and $γ_{2D}$ is significantly different than in the one-dimensional case. As an application of our results we provide the first analysis of the space usage of the two-dimensional block tree introduced in [Brisaboa et al., Two-dimensional block trees, The computer Journal, 2024]. Our analysis shows that the space usage can be bounded in terms of both $γ_{2D}$ and $δ_{2D}$. Finally, using insights from our analysis, we design the first linear time and space algorithm for constructing the two-dimensional block tree for arbitrary matrices.
The reovirus M1 gene, encoding a viral core protein, is associated with the myocarditic phenotype of a reovirus variant (1989)

Reoviruses contain a genome composed of 10 double-stranded RNA gene segments. A reovirus reassortant, 8B, derived from type 1 Lang (T1L) and type 3 Dearing (T3D), displayed a phenotype unlike that of either of its parents in that it efficiently induced numerous macroscopic external cardiac lesions in neonatal mice (B. Sherry, F. J. Schoen, E. Wenske, and B. N. Fields, J. Virol. 63:4840-4849, 1989). A panel of T1L/T3D reassortants and a panel of reassortants derived from 8B were used to determine whether novel T1L/T3D gene associations in 8B were responsible for its myocarditic phenotype. The results eliminated the possibility that any T1L/T3D gene combination found in 8B, from 2 genes to all 10 genes, was the explanation for its induction of cardiac lesions. This suggested that a mutation(s) in an 8B gene(s) might be responsible for induction of the myocarditis. Statistical analysis of experiments with 31 reassortants derived from 8B revealed a highly significant association (P = 0.002) of the 8B M1 gene with induction of cardiac lesions. The reovirus M1 gene encodes a viral core protein of unknown function, although evidence suggests a potential role in core structure and/or viral RNA synthesis. This represents the first report of the association of a viral gene with induction of myocarditis.
Deoxycholic acid as an endogenous risk factor for hepatocarcinogenesis and effects of gomisin A, a lignan component of Schizandra fruits. (1996)

Although hepatocarcinogensis has been reported to be promoted by exogenous administration of bile acids, the relation of endogenous bile acids to hepatocarcinogenesis is not completely understood. This study investigates the relationship between serum concentration of bile acids, the appearance of preneoplastic change, glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci in the liver of male Donryu rats which had been fed 0.06% 3'-methyl-4-dimethylamino-azobenzene (3'-MeDAB), and the effects of gomisin A, previously reported to inhibit the tumor promotion process. During the feeding of 3'-MeDAB for 5 weeks, the concentrations of serum bile acids were found to have increased significantly to several times the levels found at the start of the experiment. The increase of serum bile acids, especially deoxycholic acid (DCA), and the appearance of preneoplastic lesions, the number and area of GST-P-positive foci in the liver, were significantly inhibited by simultaneous oral administration of gomisin A (30 mg/kg). When DCA (100 mg/kg) was orally administered after an initiation by 3'-MeDAB, serum bile acids and preneoplastic changes were significantly increased, these increases were inhibited by combined feeding of 0.03% gomisin A in the diet. There were good correlations between the serum concentration of DCA and the number of GST-P-positive foci in the liver in both experimental protocols. These results confirm that DCA is an endogenous risk factor for hepatocarcinogenesis and suggest that anti-promoter effect of gomisin A is based on improving metabolism of bile acids, including DCA.
A Two Year Common Template For Electrical/Computer Engineering And Electrical/Computer Engineering Technology (2020)

A new educational paradigm was recently proposed by the authors that effectively places Engineering and Engineering Technology programs within the Conceive, Design, Implement, and Operate (CDIO TM http://www.cdio.org/) professional engineering spectrum. The new model advocates that a TAC/ABET accredited, 4-year B.S. degree in Electrical/Computer Engineering Technology (ECET) is a logical, viable, and in fact a key component in the student's path to entering the engineering profession and in earning Electrical/Computer Engineering (ECE) degrees. If the model is adopted, it is envisioned that a new first professional engineering degree can be constructed whereby: (1) All engineering-bound students would first complete 2 years of an ECET program; (2) With proper advising and mentoring, those students interested and skilled to follow the more Conceive-Design side of engineering would transfer to a Department, College or School of Engineering and complete an ECE degree in 2, 3 or 4 additional years; if 4 years, then the Department of Education definition of a first professional degree would be satisfied; and (3) Those students interested and skilled to follow the more applied Implement-Operate side of engineering would opt to complete the BS-ECET degree in 2 additional years. Several benefits include: (1) Enrollment increase in ECE and in ECET as a result of proper advising and mentoring in the early stages of the student's university experience;
Heterologous expression of Ceratophyllum demersum phytochelatin synthase, CdPCS1, in rice leads to lower arsenic accumulation in grain (2014)

Recent studies have identified rice (Oryza sativa) as a major dietary source of inorganic arsenic (As) and poses a significant human health risk. The predominant model for plant detoxification of heavy metals is complexation of heavy metals with phytochelatins (PCs), synthesized non-translationally by PC synthase (PCS) and compartmentalized in vacuoles. In this study, in order to restrict As in the rice roots as a detoxification mechanism, a transgenic approach has been followed through expression of phytochelatin synthase, CdPCS1, from Ceratophyllum demersum, an aquatic As-accumulator plant. CdPCS1 expressing rice transgenic lines showed marked increase in PCS activity and enhanced synthesis of PCs in comparison to non-transgenic plant. Transgenic lines showed enhanced accumulation of As in root and shoot. This enhanced metal accumulation potential of transgenic lines was positively correlated to the content of PCs, which also increased several-fold higher in transgenic lines. However, all the transgenic lines accumulated significantly lower As in grain and husk in comparison to non-transgenic plant. The higher level of PCs in transgenic plants relative to non-transgenic presumably allowed sequestering and detoxification of higher amounts of As in roots and shoots, thereby restricting its accumulation in grain.
Simultaneous qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Toddalia asiatica root by using HPLC‐DAD and UPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS (2018)

Fingerprints combined with chemometrics and chemical identification are a simple, rapid and effective method for the quality control of T. asiatica.
A New Technique to Measure Paper Roughness (2005)

A new method for measuring the roughness of paper will be described. This method provides information about the spatial variation of surface non-uniformity, and so is far more informative than the traditional air-leak methods. It can be applied to a very wide range of paper types, even specialty papers with laid lines or other imposed structure in the surface. A number of studies done with a prototype instrument will be reported. In one study, a range of paper types (from photo-quality inkjet paper to sack kraft) was used to confirm the dynamic range of the instrument, determine reproducibility of the technique, and to make comparisons with air-leak methods. In another study, power spectrum analysis of the roughness data was used to benchmark the surface structure of a number of different papers and paper types.
Case study: the impact of tailings properties on conveying system designs (2023)

Mine wastes, specifically tailings, are commonplace in mining operations and most mines dispose of their tailings wastes in wet impoundment structures. Consequently, the failure of wet impoundment structures is one of the most significant environmental liabilities for mining operations and recent failures have highlighted the perils of this type of tailings disposal strategy. Likewise, water scarcity continues to be a growing concern at many mines globally, specifically within arid regions. Risk mitigation priorities along with water resource conservations are steering the mining industry’s waste management of tailings away from wet impoundment and towards dewatered tailings and dry stack disposal. The handling of dewatered tailings is most efficiently performed with the operation of automatic conveyance systems and the deposition of the tailings achieved by mobile conveyor stacking systems. Lab testing and analysis have identified that mine waste tailings characteristics vary widely between mine samples due mostly to the ore’s mineral composition, particle size distribution, and moisture content. Evaluating the mine site’s tailings material samples for their conveyability and measuring their change in surcharge angle is the key to understanding how the tailings react at different moisture levels while being transported along the length of an overland conveyor. The results of the conveyability tests are used for the design and strategy for the material handling and waste disposal stacking systems. This paper will present case studies of multiple tailings samples, from various mine sites, at specifically determined moisture levels. During the conveyor simulation tests, the samples were measured and recorded for the initial angle of repose, surcharge angle, and material density. This paper aims to demonstrate that there are often significant differences between tailings samples’ physical and dynamic properties and how that relates to the parameters needed for accurate conveyor engineering design.
Genome-wide transposon screen of a Pseudomonas syringae mexB mutant reveals the substrates of efflux transporters (2019)

Abstract Bacteria express numerous efflux transporters that confer resistance to diverse toxicants present in their environment. Due to a high level of functional redundancy of these transporters, it is difficult to identify those that are of most importance in conferring resistance to specific compounds. The resistance-nodulation-division (RND) protein family is one such example of redundant transporters that are widespread among Gram-negative bacteria. Within this family, the MexAB-OprM protein complex is highly-expressed and conserved among Pseudomonas species. We exposed barcoded transposon mutant libraries in isogenic wild-type and Δ mexB backgrounds in P. syringae B728a to diverse toxic compounds in vitro to identify mutants with increased susceptibility to these compounds. Mutants in genes encoding both known and novel redundant transporters, but with partially overlapping substrate specificities were observed in a Δ mexB background. Psyr_0228, an uncharacterized member of the Major Facilitator Superfamily of transporters, preferentially contributes to tolerance of acridine orange and acriflavine. Another transporter located in the inner membrane, Psyr_0541, contributes to tolerance to acriflavine and berberine. The presence of multiple redundant, genomically encoded, efflux transporters appears to enable bacterial strains to tolerate a diversity of environmental toxins. This genome-wide screen in a hyper-susceptible mutant strain revealed numerous transporters that would otherwise be dispensable in these conditions. Bacterial strains such as P. syringae that likely encounter diverse toxins in their environment such as in association with many different plant species, probably benefit from possessing multiple redundant transporters that enable versatility to tolerate novel toxicants.