gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Direct Amination of Cyclic Amides and Cyclic Ureas (2006)

[reaction: see text] An efficient one-step amination of cyclic amides and ureas has been developed. Treatment of cyclic amides and cyclic ureas with BOP in the presence of DBU in various solvents led to the formation of cyclic amidines and cyclic guanidines in good to excellent yields. Concise syntheses of biologically intriguing kinetin and potent kinase inhibitor olomoucin were thus achieved in just one and two steps, respectively.
Hedgehog Signaling in Pancreas Epithelium Regulates Embryonic Organ Formation and Adult β-Cell Function (2010)

These data show that Hh signaling functions early during pancreas morphogenesis to regulate epithelial and beta-cell expansion and to modulate glucose metabolism by regulating insulin production in adult mice.
Contribution of thermally scattered electrons to atomic resolution elemental maps (2012)

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) have the ability to produce elemental maps of a specimen at atomic resolution. In this paper we present EELS and EDX maps for the oxygen K shell in $\ensuremath{\langle}001\ensuremath{\rangle}$ strontium titanate. The results initially seem to be anomalous since substantially more signal is obtained when the STEM probe is above the columns containing both titanium and oxygen than when it is above those containing only oxygen. This is at variance with the stoichiometry: the density of oxygen in both types of columns is the same. Using theory, we show that an understanding of the direct contribution to the recorded signal from electrons which have been thermally scattered is the key to understanding these results. We contrast these results with elemental maps of $\ensuremath{\langle}110\ensuremath{\rangle}$ strontium titanate. While the experimental results are not directly interpretable, they are in concert with simulations from first principles such as those presented in this paper.
Mechanical reliability of polyimide insulated interconnections in epoxy encapsulated package under temperature cycle test (2002)

Deformation mechanism of polyimide insulated Al alloy lines in epoxy encapsulated package was clarified using temperature cycle test. A shrinkage stress due to the resin on top of the chip creates cracks in the epoxy-resin around the chip corners, and the resin delaminates from the chip to shrink. This causes the polyimide film to tear-off, and the 1st level alloy lines to deform, while upper levels enveloped by the polyimide film move without deformation. Following the model, reliability was improved by preventing the cracks being created in the resin, and/or increasing resin adhesion on chip surface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Two-dimensional oxides (2021)

The novel physical and chemical properties and functionalities of two-dimensional (2-D) oxide materials are assessed. The synthesis of one unit-cell thick 2-D oxides poses particular challenges, since in contrast to other 2-D materials, which can be fabricated by exfoliation of layered bulk compounds, the majority of oxides do not occur in layered bulk structures. Most 2-D oxides are therefore prepared by thin-film deposition methods on substrates. However the fabrication of free-standing quasi-2-D oxide nanosheets, with less restrictive several monolayer thickness, has been successfully achieved by wet chemical procedures. New geometry concepts and electronic properties are observed in 2-D oxides, due to quantum confinement and interface proximity effects. Atomic geometries, electronic structure, ferroic properties and catalytic behaviour of 2-D oxides are discussed, together with promising prototypical proof-of-concept experiments for prospective applications. The edge states in oxide nanoribbons, 2-D objects of limited width, and their polarity aspects are discussed.
Multi Objective Design Study of a Flapping Wing Generator (2003)

Flutter is destructive self-excited oscillation, which occurs when wind power is infused into aeronautical/industrial structures such as aircrafts and suspension bridges. Flapping power generator is a system which extracts wind energy from it. Recently, Isogai et al. proposed a new system. In his system, wing is supported elastically in heaving oscillation while the pitching oscillation of the whole wing is mechanically driven by an electric motor with a prescribed frequency and pitch amplitude. This system is governed by six non-dimensional parameters. In his study, these design parameters were optimized to maximize power efficiency by using "Complex Method". This paper considers multi-objective optimization of Isogai's "Flapping Wing Power Generator". In this study, objective functions are efficiency and power. To obtain a wide variety of Pareto solutions efficiently, one of Evolutionary Algorithms, Adaptive Neighboring Search (ANS), has been extended for the present optimization. In result we obtained unique tradeoff from the non-dominated solutions and solutions as good as by "Complex Method".
An Extended Flowering and Fruiting Season Has Few Demographic Effects in a Mediterranean Perennial Herb (2002)

The Mediterranean perennial herb Lobularia maritima shows an exceptionally extended flowering and fruiting that lasts for 10 months, from early September to late June.We hypothesized that such an extended phenology may be a flexible mechanism that enhances population persistence in variable Mediterranean environments, as fecundity in one part of the season could compensate for reproductive failure in another part of the season.We predicted that (1) fecundities throughout the year would significantly contribute to mean population growth rate , (2) negative covariances among fecundities in different periods of the year would reduce variance in population growth rate, and (3) extended flowering and fruiting would enhance long-term stochastic population growth rates.We used a periodic matrix model to describe the demography of a L. maritima population over five years, in which each year was divided into six periods of two months each.Population growth rates varied from a low of 0.25 to a high of 4.81 over the five years of study.Periodic elasticity analyses revealed that fecundities in the first two periods of the year, i.e., the autumn periods, were the major determinants of population growth in most of the years, rather than fecundities over the whole flowering and fruiting season.Variation in the autumn fecundities also made the largest contribution to the observed variance in .Hence, unlike earlier generalizations, highly variable parameters also had relatively high elasticities.As predicted, negative covariances appeared between the fecundities, but only between those of the two autumn periods.These negative covariances were interpreted as a flexible mechanism to tailor the onset of reproduction to the start of the autumn rains, thereby reducing the variance in .We used stochastic matrix models to investigate the effect of different reproductive strategies on stochastic population growth rate.We created hypothetical populations with either an even distribution of fecundity throughout the year or with concentrated flowering and fruiting in autumn or in spring.Stochastic population growth rates were high if a major part of the reproduction remained in autumn.A hypothetically even distribution of fecundities over the entire flowering season increased both the mean and the variance in , with little overall effect on stochastic population growth rate.All together, our results indicate that a reproductive failure of L. maritima in autumn cannot be compensated for by reproduction in winter and spring.The extended flowering and fruiting season thus has very little effect on the population dynamics of the species.Alternative explanations for the unusual phenology of L. maritima in the Mediterranean environment are discussed.
BallGAN: 3D-aware Image Synthesis with a Spherical Background (2023)

3D-aware GANs aim to synthesize realistic 3D scenes such that they can be rendered in arbitrary perspectives to produce images. Although previous methods produce realistic images, they suffer from unstable training or degenerate solutions where the 3D geometry is unnatural. We hypothesize that the 3D geometry is underdetermined due to the insufficient constraint, i.e., being classified as real image to the discriminator is not enough. To solve this problem, we propose to approximate the background as a spherical surface and represent a scene as a union of the foreground placed in the sphere and the thin spherical background. It reduces the degree of freedom in the background field. Accordingly, we modify the volume rendering equation and incorporate dedicated constraints to design a novel 3D-aware GAN framework named BallGAN. BallGAN has multiple advantages as follows. 1) It produces more reasonable 3D geometry; the images of a scene across different viewpoints have better photometric consistency and fidelity than the state-of-the-art methods. 2) The training becomes much more stable. 3) The foreground can be separately rendered on top of different arbitrary backgrounds.
Paradigm Shift in Discovering Next-Generation Anti-Infective Agents: Targeting Quorum Sensing, C-Di-Gmp Signaling and Biofilm Formation in Bacteria with Small Molecules (2010)

Small molecules that can attenuate bacterial toxin production or biofilm formation have the potential to solve the bacteria resistance problem. Although several molecules, which inhibit bacterial cell-to-cell communication (quorum sensing), biofilm formation and toxin production, have been discovered, there is a paucity of US FDA-approved drugs that target these processes. Here, we review the current understanding of quorum sensing in important pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and provide examples of experimental molecules that can inhibit both known and unknown targets in bacterial virulence factor production and biofilm formation. Structural data for protein targets that are involved in both quorum sensing and cyclic diguanylic acid signaling are needed to aid the development of molecules with drug-like properties in order to target bacterial virulence factors production and biofilm formation.
Effects of Clonidine Infusion and Withdrawal on Blood Pressure and Behaviour in the Rat. A Preliminary Study (1982)

Clonidine (10 micrograms/kg/hr) was administered continuously to normotensive rats for 5 days using osmotic minipumps. This treatment attenuated the episodic fluctuations in blood pressure normally observed during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, 18-24 hr after withdrawal of clonidine, pronounced fluctuations in blood pressure superimposed upon tonic increases in pressure as well as muscular twitching and irregular respiration were seen during sleep. These responses were abolished by an injection of clonidine or phentolamine. The results demonstrate that after withdrawal of clonidine administration, an increased lability of blood pressure occurs during sleep and probably results from an increased frequency and duration of REM sleep.
A Learning-based Stochastic MPC Design for Cooperative Adaptive Cruise\n Control to Handle Interfering Vehicles (2018)

Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication has a great potential to improve\nreaction accuracy of different driver assistance systems in critical driving\nsituations. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC), which is an automated\napplication, provides drivers with extra benefits such as traffic throughput\nmaximization and collision avoidance. CACC systems must be designed in a way\nthat are sufficiently robust against all special maneuvers such as cutting-into\nthe CACC platoons by interfering vehicles or hard braking by leading cars. To\naddress this problem, a Neural- Network (NN)-based cut-in detection and\ntrajectory prediction scheme is proposed in the first part of this paper. Next,\na probabilistic framework is developed in which the cut-in probability is\ncalculated based on the output of the mentioned cut-in prediction block.\nFinally, a specific Stochastic Model Predictive Controller (SMPC) is designed\nwhich incorporates this cut-in probability to enhance its reaction against the\ndetected dangerous cut-in maneuver. The overall system is implemented and its\nperformance is evaluated using realistic driving scenarios from Safety Pilot\nModel Deployment (SPMD).\n
The myristylated virion proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1: investigation of their role in the virus life cycle (1992)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gene UL11 encodes a myristylated virion protein. In this paper we have characterized the UL11 product further and investigated its role in the virus life cycle. Wild-type HSV-1 strain 17syn+ expresses three electrophoretically distinguishable UL11 polypeptide species. Analysis of single plaque isolates demonstrated that two virus populations exist within the 17syn+ stock: a major population encoding only the two higher Mr species, and a minor population encoding the lowest Mr species alone. DNA sequence analysis suggests that the latter polypeptide differs from the former ones at a single amino acid residue only. The UL11 polypeptides are synthesized as delayed early gene products and are phosphorylated in vitro. Following subcellular fractionation of infected cells, they are found predominantly associated with membranes. Within the virus particle, they appear to reside within the tegument. An insertion mutant containing the lacZ gene from Escherichia coli within the UL11 open reading frame is viable in tissue culture, although it gives smaller plaques and is impaired for growth compared to the wild-type parent or revertant viruses; it does not have a temperature-sensitive or host-range phenotype. Thus, although required for efficient replication, the myristylated HSV-1 virion protein, in contrast to those of many other viruses, is not essential for virus growth in tissue culture.
Distinct blood inflammatory biomarker clusters stratify host phenotypes during the middle phase of COVID-19 (2022)

The associations between clinical phenotypes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the host inflammatory response during the transition from peak illness to convalescence are not yet well understood. Blood plasma samples were collected from 129 adult SARS-CoV-2 positive inpatient and outpatient participants between April 2020 and January 2021, in a multi-center prospective cohort study at 8 military hospitals across the United States. Plasma inflammatory protein biomarkers were measured in samples from 15 to 28 days post symptom onset. Topological Data Analysis (TDA) was used to identify patterns of inflammation, and associations with peak severity (outpatient, hospitalized, ICU admission or death), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated using logistic regression. The study population (n = 129, 33.3% female, median 41.3 years of age) included 77 outpatient, 31 inpatient, 16 ICU-level, and 5 fatal cases. Three distinct inflammatory biomarker clusters were identified and were associated with significant differences in peak disease severity (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), and CCI (p = 0.001). Host-biomarker profiles stratified a heterogeneous population of COVID-19 patients during the transition from peak illness to convalescence, and these distinct inflammatory patterns were associated with comorbid disease and severe illness due to COVID-19.
EeBGuide Guidance Document Part B: Buildings. Operational guidance for life cycle assessment studies of the Energy Efficient Building Initiative (2015)

The construction industry is a large contributor to CO2 emissions, with buildings responsible for 40% of the total European energy consumption and a third of CO2 emissions. Therefore the construction sector plays a significant role fulfilling the 20/20 targets of the European Union - Reduction of the energy and the CO2 emissions by 20% and increase of the total energy share with renewable energy sources to 20%. In order to understand, address and finally reduce the environmental emissions, the method of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) plays a key role. In recent years LCAs of buildings and building products become increasingly important. Unfortunately with the number of applications inconsistencies increased as well. The "Energy-efficient Buildings Initiative" (EeB-PPP) and the European Union funded the research project "Operational Guidance for performing Life Cycle Assessment Studies of the Energy efficient building Initiative (EeBGuide)" to harmonize these approaches and to provide LCA practitioners guidance on specific LCA questions. Furthermore the EeBGuide supports building certification and EPD schemes with environmental aspects. These guidelines and instructions will form the basis for consistent and transparent high quality LCAs and therefore serve as a step leading to low environmental impact buildings and building products and to a sustainable future.
Pulse oximetry plethysmogram analysis could help identify infants with possible apnoeas requiring full investigation (2014)

Acta PaediatricaVolume 103, Issue 5 p. e222-e224 Short Communication Pulse oximetry plethysmogram analysis could help identify infants with possible apnoeas requiring full investigation David Wertheim, David Wertheim Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston, UKSearch for more papers by this authorChloe Parsley, Chloe Parsley Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorScott Burgess, Scott Burgess Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorCarolyn Dakin, Carolyn Dakin Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorPaul Seddon, Corresponding Author Paul Seddon Respiratory Unit, Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, Brighton, UK Correspondence Paul Seddon, Respiratory Unit, Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, Eastern Road, Brighton BN2 5BE, UK. Tel: +44 1273 696955 Fax: +44 1273 523141 Email: seddop@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this author David Wertheim, David Wertheim Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston, UKSearch for more papers by this authorChloe Parsley, Chloe Parsley Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorScott Burgess, Scott Burgess Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorCarolyn Dakin, Carolyn Dakin Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorPaul Seddon, Corresponding Author Paul Seddon Respiratory Unit, Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, Brighton, UK Correspondence Paul Seddon, Respiratory Unit, Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, Eastern Road, Brighton BN2 5BE, UK. Tel: +44 1273 696955 Fax: +44 1273 523141 Email: seddop@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 January 2014 https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.12575Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Citing Literature Volume103, Issue5May 2014Pages e222-e224 RelatedInformation
Isolation and characterization of the cyanogen bromide peptides from the α2 chain of rat skin collagen (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and characterization of the cyanogen bromide peptides from the α2 chain of rat skin collagenPeter Fietzek and Karl A. PiezCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 5, 2129–2133Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00833a052https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00833a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of urolithin A on the improvement of vascular endothelial function depends on the gut microbiota (2023)

Urolithin A intake alters the gut microbiota and improves their alpha diversity. In addition, the effect of UA on VEF correlated with the individual gut microbiota. Our results have practical implications for a new approach to providing healthcare that focuses on intestinal environment-based diet therapy.
Novel Strategy for the Bis-Butenolide Synthesis via Ring-Closing Metathesis (2011)

International audience
Biofunctional design of elastin-like polymers for advanced applications in nanobiotechnology (2007)

Elastin-like recombinant protein polymers are a new family of polymers which are captivating the attention of a broad audience ranging from nanotechnologists to biomaterials and more basic scientists. This is due to the extraordinary confluence of different properties shown by this kind of material that are not found together in other polymer systems. Elastin-like polymers are extraordinarily biocompatible, acutely smart and show uncommon self-assembling capabilities. Additionally, they are highly versatile, since these properties can be tuned and expanded in many different ways by substituting the amino acids of the dominating repeating peptide or by inserting, in the polymer architecture, (bio)functional domains extracted from other natural proteins or de novo designs. Recently, the potential shown by elastin-like polymers has, in addition, been boosted and amplified by the use of recombinant DNA technologies. By this means, complex molecular designs and extreme control over the amino-acid sequence can be attained. Nowadays, the degree of complexity and control shown by the elastin-like protein polymers is well beyond the reach of even the most advanced polymer chemistry technologies. This will open new possibilities in obtaining synthetic advanced bio- and nanomaterials. This review explores the present development of elastin-like protein polymers, with a particular emphasis for biomedical uses, along with some future directions that this field will likely explore in the near future.