gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Slanted Functional Gradient Micropillars for Optimal Bioinspired Dry Adhesion (2018)

For biologically inspired dry adhesives, the fibrillar structure of the surface requires sufficient flexibility to form contacts and meanwhile high rigidity to maintain stability. This fundamental conflict has greatly hindered the advance of synthetic adhesives toward mass-scale and practical applications, where adhesion is desired to be simultaneously strong, durable, directional, and roughness-adaptive. In this work, we overcome such a long-term challenge by developing fibrillar structures that combine both slanted geometry and gradient material of micropillars. The termed slanted functional gradient pillars (s-FGPs), fabricated by a magnetically assisted mold replication technique, exhibit flexible tips for contacts, gradually stiffened stalks for reinforcement, slanted structure to give rise to anisotropy, and high aspect ratio (AR) to facilitate surface adaptation. We demonstrate that the material and structure of the s-FGPs complement each other, synergetic effects of which result in a multifunctional combination of adhesion properties including high strength (∼9 N/cm<sup>2</sup> in shear), ultradurability (over 200 cycles of attachment/detachment without adhesion degradation), super anisotropy (anisotropic ratio of ∼7), and good adaptability to rough surfaces. The s-FGPs not only step forward the bioinspired adhesion toward optimized designs and performances for practical applications but may also open up other concepts for various high-AR and structurally stable fibrillar surfaces with emerging functionalities and applications in the fields of self-cleaning, superhydrophobicity, biosensors, energy harvesting, etc.
An open‐label, dose‐ranging study of Rolontis, a novel long‐acting myeloid growth factor, in breast cancer (2018)

This randomized, open-label, active-controlled study investigated the safety and efficacy of three doses of Rolontis (eflapegrastim), a novel, long-acting myeloid growth factor, versus pegfilgrastim in breast cancer patients being treated with docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (TC). The primary efficacy endpoint was duration of severe neutropenia (DSN) during the first cycle of treatment. Patients who were candidates for adjuvant/neoadjuvant TC chemotherapy were eligible for participation. TC was administered on Day 1, followed by 45, 135, or 270 μg/kg Rolontis or 6 mg pegfilgrastim on Day 2. Complete blood counts were monitored daily when the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) fell to <1.5 × 10<sup>9</sup> /L. Up to four cycles of TC were investigated. The difference in DSN (time from ANC <0.5 × 10<sup>9</sup> /L to ANC recovery ≥2.0 × 10<sup>9</sup> /L) between the Rolontis and pegfilgrastim groups was -0.28 days (confidence interval [CI]: -0.56, -0.06) at 270 μg/kg, 0.14 days (CI: -0.28, 0.64) at 135 μg/kg, and 0.72 days (CI: 0.19, 1.27) at 45 μg/kg. Noninferiority to pegfilgrastim was demonstrated at 135 μg/kg (P = 0.002) and 270 μg/kg (P < .001), with superiority demonstrated at 270 μg/kg (0.03 days; P = 0.023). The most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were bone pain, myalgia, arthralgia, back pain, and elevated white blood cell counts, with similar incidences across groups. All doses of Rolontis were well tolerated, and no new or significant treatment-related toxicities were observed. In Cycle 1, Rolontis demonstrated noninferiority at the 135 μg/kg dose and statistical superiority in DSN at the 270 μg/kg dose when compared to pegfilgrastim.
Studies on antigen binding cells involved in cellular immunity to ferredoxin peptides (2010)

Previous studies with conjugates containing the NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal antigenic determinants of oxidized ferredoxin from C. pasteurianum indicated a need for at least two determinants to stimulate DNA synthesis in sensitized lymphocytes. This suggested a mechanism involving cell cooperation, a possibility which has been investigated here by selectively inactivating cells binding one or the other of the determinants. Cells from immunized guinea pigs were tested in vitro for their capacity to bind antigen or to be stimulated by it before and after "antigen suicide" with radioiodinated conjugates containing the NH2-terminal or COOH-terminal determinants of oxidized ferredoxin. A microculture system for assessing antigen induced stimulation of 3H-thymidine uptake by lymphocytes was developed for this work. The data show that: 1) Lymphocytes from unimmunized guinea pigs bind both NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal determinants at a frequency of about 10-4. In immune animals the proportion of antigen binding cells increased about 4-6 fold. The frequency of cells binding the determinants depends markedly on the specific activity of antigens employed. 2) Both T and B lymphocytes bind the antigenic determinants from oxidized ferredoxin. 3) Specific inactivation of cells binding either determinant was achieved by antigen suicide with ¹²⁵I-NH₂-terminal or ¹²⁵I COOH-terminal s-BSA conjugates. Synergy occurs between the NH2-terminal binding cells and COOH-terminal binding cells in the proliferative response of sensitized lymph node cells challenged with oxidized ferredoxin in vitro. Evidence from B cell depletion studies indicates that this is a T cell-T cell interaction.
Spectral Bleaching and 1535 nm Q-Switching of Uranium Glass (1995)

Laser emission at 1535nm from Er3+:glass lasers is interesting due to its eye-safe wavelength and high transmission through the atmosphere and commercial fused silica fibers. Er3+:glass lasers have been used for a number of applications including rangefinding, lidar, communication, and atmospheric data measurements. High peak power, Q-switched pulses are required for many of these applications. Mechanical devices, such as rotating mirrors, porro prisms, and frustrated total internal reflection are still the most popular methods of Q-switching Er:Glass Lasers. Spinning prism and Electro-optical Q-switched Er3+:glass lasers have been produced by Kigre, Inc. for various repetition rates[1]. Compared to active Q-switching, passive Q-switching using a saturable absorber is simpler, more compact, and lacks additional auxiliary electronics.
Motion denoising with application to time-lapse photography (2011)

Motions can occur over both short and long time scales. We introduce motion denoising, which treats short-term changes as noise, long-term changes as signal, and re-renders a video to reveal the underlying long-term events. We demonstrate motion denoising for time-lapse videos. One of the characteristics of traditional time-lapse imagery is stylized jerkiness, where short-term changes in the scene appear as small and annoying jitters in the video, often obfuscating the underlying temporal events of interest. We apply motion denoising for resynthesizing time-lapse videos showing the long-term evolution of a scene with jerky short-term changes removed. We show that existing filtering approaches are often incapable of achieving this task, and present a novel computational approach to denoise motion without explicit motion analysis. We demonstrate promising experimental results on a set of challenging time-lapse sequences.
Global Phase Diagram of a One-Dimensional Driven Lattice Gas (1999)

We investigate the nonequilibrium stationary state of a translationally invariant one-dimensional driven lattice gas with short-range interactions. The phase diagram is found to exhibit a line of continuous transitions from a disordered phase to a phase with spontaneous symmetry breaking. At the phase transition the correlation length is infinite and density correlations decay algebraically. Depending on the parameters which define the dynamics, the transition either belongs to the universality class of directed percolation or to a universality class of a growth model which preserves the local minimal height. Consequences of mappings to other models are briefly discussed.
Global monitoring of autumn gene expression within and among phenotypically divergent populations of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) (2008)

Cold acclimation in conifers is a complex process, the timing and extent of which reflects local adaptation and varies widely along latitudinal gradients for many temperate and boreal tree species. Despite their ecological and economic importance, little is known about the global changes in gene expression that accompany autumn cold acclimation in conifers. Using three populations of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) spanning the species range, and a Picea cDNA microarray with 21,840 unique elements, within- and among-population gene expression was monitored during the autumn. Microarray data were validated for selected genes using real-time PCR. Similar numbers of genes were significantly twofold upregulated (1257) and downregulated (967) between late summer and early winter. Among those upregulated were dehydrins, pathogenesis-related/antifreeze genes, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism genes, and genes involved in signal transduction and transcriptional regulation. Among-population microarray hybridizations at early and late autumn time points revealed substantial variation in the autumn transcriptome, some of which may reflect local adaptation. These results demonstrate the complexity of cold acclimation in conifers, highlight similarities and differences to cold tolerance in annual plants, and provide a solid foundation for functional and genetic studies of this important adaptive process.
EVALUATION OF SELECTED DYNAMIC MODELS IN COMPARISON WITH HOT BOX TEST RESULTS FOR MEASUREMENT OF BUILDING ENVELOPE THERMAL PROPERTIES (2020)

ABSTRACT This research is mainly focused on the experimental measurement of R-value by several different models. Building energy consumption accounts for about 40% of the total energy use in the U.S, and therefore accurate energy simulation is desired. The R-value is one of the key parameters that can influence the energy simulation results and therefore is of great importance. The Average Model has long been the most widely accepted method to measure the thermal properties of building components. However, its steady-state assumption and dependence on temperature difference limit its use especially for in-situ measurement. In this study, several dynamic models, including the Pentaur Model and R-C Network Models, are studied with test data obtained from a series of hot box tests performed in the Building Enclosure Testing Laboratory. The results show that the 3R2C model has the best performance and a desirable stability of accuracy with respect to different levels of temperature difference, and therefore is recommended for practical measurement. The results also indicate that unlike the Average Model, the accuracy of dynamic models does not necessarily depend on the level of temperature difference.
Physical Properties of Indium Reduced Materials for transparent Conductive Electrodes (2014)

In this paper, indium reduced materials for transparent conductive electrodes (TCE) were fabricated and their physical properties were evaluated. Two of materials, indium-zinc-tin oxide (IZTO) and aluminum (Al) were selected as TCE materials. In case of IZTO nanoparticles, composition ratios of In, Zn and Sn is 8:1:1 were synthesized. Size of the synthesized IZTO nanoparticles were less than 10 nm, and specific surface areas were about 90 ㎡ /g indicating particle sizes are very fine. Also, the IZTO nanoparticles were well crystallized with (222) preferred orientation despite it was synthesized at the lowered temperature of 300°C. Composition ratios of In, Zn and Sn were very uniform in accordance with those as designed. Meanwhile, Al was deposited onto glass by sputtering in a vacuum chamber for mesh architecture. The Al was well deposited onto the glass, and no pore was observed from the Al surface. The sheet resistance of Al on glass was about 0.3 Ω/□ with small deviation of 0.025 Ω/□, and adhesion was good on the glass substrate since no pelt-off part of Al was observed by tape test. If the Al mesh is combined with ink coated layer which is consistent of IZTO nanoparticles, it is expected that the good and reliable metal mesh architecture for TCE will be formed.
Data from PI3K/mTOR Dual Inhibitor VS-5584 Preferentially Targets Cancer Stem Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Cancer stem cells (CSC) have been implicated in disease recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance, but effective targeting strategies for these cells are still wanting. VS-5584 is a potent and selective dual inhibitor of mTORC1/2 and class I PI 3-kinases. Here, we report that VS-5584 is up to 30-fold more potent in inhibiting the proliferation and survival of CSC compared with non-CSC in solid tumor cell populations. VS-5584 preferentially diminished CSC levels in multiple mouse xenograft models of human cancer, as evidenced by marked reduction of tumor-initiating capacity in limiting dilution assays. Likewise, VS-5584 treatment &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; preferentially reduced CSC in surgically resected breast and ovarian patient tumors. In contrast, chemotherapeutics such as paclitaxel and cisplatin were less effective in targeting CSC than bulk tumor cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that preferential targeting of CSC required inhibition of multiple components of the PI3K–mTOR pathway: coordinate RNAi-mediated silencing of PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, and mTOR phenocopied the effect of VS-5584, exhibiting the strongest preferential targeting of CSC, while silencing of individual PI3K isoforms or mTOR failed to replicate the effect of VS-5584. Consistent with CSC ablation, VS-5584 delayed tumor regrowth following chemotherapy in xenograft models of small-cell lung cancer. Taken together, the preferential targeting of CSC prompts a new paradigm for clinical testing of VS-5584: clinical trials designed with CSC-directed endpoints may facilitate demonstration of the therapeutic benefit of VS-5584. We suggest that combining VS-5584 with classic chemotherapy that debulks tumors may engender a more effective strategy to achieve durable remissions in patients with cancer. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 75(2); 446–55. ©2014 AACR.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Study on the Grain Refinement of Cast Al and Its Alloys (1st Report). The Mechanisum of Grain Refinement of Super Pure Al by Small Addition of Ti (1955)

On this first report, the mechanism of grain refinement of Al by a small addition of Ti was investigated. That is: (a) the effects of Ti contents on the grain size (b) the effects of casting and the melting condition on the grain size (c) the analysis of the precipitates extracted from the slowly cooled ingot and the casting solidified under centrifugal force were studied. The results obtained are as follows:—(1) The Ti content which refined the grain size markedly coincides with the contents at the periptectic point of the Al side diagram of Al-Ti system (0.15%Ti). (2) The range of Ti content effective for grain refining of the castings solidified under centrifugal force and slowly cooled ingots is above 0.15%Ti and the large amount of the precipitates extracted from this range is TiAl3, though TiC increased when the melt was treated by CCl4. (3) The grain size depends upon the super-heating temperature, especially in the case the melt is treated by CCl4, even if the casting temperature is constant. (4) According to (2) and (3), this effect seems to be based on the formation of TiC, and TiC is stable up to about 30° above the liquidus, because the grain size of the specimen cast up to this temperature is refined markerdly. (5) As above mentioned, in the case of grain refining of super pure Al by small addition of Ti, both TiAl3 and TiC may act as the nuclei during solidification.
Lesions of hypothalamic PVN partially attenuate stimulatory action of alcohol on ACTH secretion in rats (1994)

We have previously shown that the ability of alcohol to stimulate adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion was significantly blunted by immunoneutralization of endogenous corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and that long-term exposure to alcohol increased CRF mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. In the present study, we further investigated the participating role of the PVN by studying the effect of bilateral lesions of the PVN on alcohol-induced ACTH release. The acute injection of alcohol (1.5 g/kg ip) induced significant increases in plasma ACTH levels in sham-operated animals. Lesions of the PVN attenuated this response but did not abolish it. Indeed, lesioned rats retained significantly elevated ACTH values despite removal of secretagogues of PVN origin. Because removal of hypothalamic CRF can alter ACTH secretion in response to secretagogues, we studied possible changes in pituitary responsiveness to CRF. The results failed to indicate that hyperresponsiveness of the corticotrophs played a major role in accounting for the residual ACTH release of lesioned rats after alcohol treatment. We conclude that brain regions other than the PVN can modulate ACTH release during acute administration of alcohol.
Experimental and computational analysis of toughness anisotropy in an AA2139 Al-alloy for aerospace applications (2013)

Fracture toughness anisotropy of AA2139 (Al-Cu-Mg) in T351 and T8 conditions has been investigated via mechanical testing of smooth and notched specimens of different geometries, loaded in the rolling direction (L) or in the transverse direction (T). Fracture mechanisms were investigated via SEM and synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT). Contributions to failure anisotropy are identified with: (i) anisotropic initial void shape and growth, (ii) plastic behaviour including isotropic/kinematic hardening and plastic anisotropy, and (iii) nucleation at a 2nd population of 2nd phase particles leading to coalescence via narrow crack regions. A model based in part on the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman approach is constructed to describe and predict deformation behaviour, crack propagation and, in particular, toughness anisotropy. Model parameters are fitted using microstructural data and data on deformation and crack propagation for a range of small test samples. Its transferability has been shown by simulating tests of large M(T) samples. 1
Track Initiation Technique and Its Application in PHD filter (2018)

The probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter has been proved to be an effective method for multi-target tracking in the presence of false alarms, missed detections and an unknown numbers. However, the PHD filter fails to obtain the state estimation of a target accurately during its initial time. This will degrade the performance of the PHD filter on the detection of new targets. In order to resolve this problem, we apply the rule-based track initiation technique to the Gaussian mixture PHD filter, and propose the Gaussian mixture PHD filter with track initiation. The results of the simulation experiment demonstrate that the proposed filter can achieve better performance on tracking multi-target than the Gaussian mixture PHD filter.
Vibrotactile Display of Music on the Human Back (2010)

We present an experiment designed to reveal characteristics of a tactile display that presents vibrations representing music to the back of the body. Based on the model human cochlea, a sensory substitution system aimed at translating music into vibrations, we are investigating the use of larger contactor sizes (over 10mm in diameter) as an effective device for the detection of signals originating from music. Using the method of limits, we measured ability to discriminate the frequency of vibrotactile stimuli across a wide range of frequencies common to western classical harmonic music. Vibrotactile stimuli were presented to artificially deafened participants using a large contactor applied to the back. Between 65 Hz (C2) and 1047 Hz (C6), frequency difference limens (FDL) were consistently less than 1/3 of an octave and as small as 200 cents. These findings suggest that vibrotactile information can be used to support the experience of music even in the absence of sound, and that voice coils are effective in presenting some characteristics of sound as vibrations.
Cell death and the mitochondria: therapeutic targeting of the BCL‐2 family‐driven pathway (2013)

The principal biological role of mitochondria is to supply energy to cells; although intriguingly, evolution has bestowed another essential function upon these cellular organelles: under physiological stress, mitochondria become the cornerstone of apoptotic cell death. Specifically, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) allows cell death factors such as cytochrome c to be released into the cytoplasm, thus inducing caspase activation and the eventual destruction of essential cellular components. Proteins of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family control the tightly regulated pathway that causes MOMP. The equilibrium between pro-survival and pro-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 family dictates the fate of cells, the homeostasis of organs and, by extension, the health of whole organisms. Dysregulation of this equilibrium is involved in a large number of diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity and neurodegenerative conditions. Modulating the activity of the BCL-2 family of proteins with small molecules or peptides is an attractive but challenging therapeutic goal. This review highlights the latest developments in this field and provides evidence that this strategy is likely to have a positive effect on the treatment of still poorly addressed medical conditions.
SOME OF THE OXIDATION-REDUCTION PROPERTIES OF THE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIC HORMONE (1941)

Gurin, Bachman, and Wilson (1-3) have recently made important contributions to our knowledge of the chemical nature of the gonadotropic hormone of pregnancy urine. They have given a method for the preparation of the hormone in a highly purified form and have described many of its outstanding chemical and physical properties. We have been especially interested in the reference of these authors to the unexplained, continuous, and apparently spontaneous inactivation of their highly purified material which takes place, particularly in aqueous solution, without, detectable loss or rupture of certain portions of the molecule (3). 

Earlier communications (4-6) have called attention to our observations relative to the oxidation and inactivation of a reducing factor of pregnancy urine which appears to be the chorionic gonadotropic hormone. Some of our more recent findings appear to shed light upon the observations of the above authors. The spontaneous oxidation of this reducing factor proceeds at a very slow rate but is more rapid in aqueous solution than in urine, where other stronger reducing agents tend to protect it. If activating agents are added and moderate heat is applied, the activity becomes of sufficient magnitude to bring about the reduction of dilute solutions of iodine or other oxidants. The object of this paper is to describe some of the rather unusual characteristics of this oxidation-reduction system.
Anisotropic superconductivity in PrOs4Sb12 (2004)

Recently the superconducting gap functions of the skutterudite PrOs$_4$Sb$_{12}$ have been proposed [K. Maki et al, Europhys. Lett. {\bf 68}, 720 (2004)]. The superconductivity is spin-triplet and consists of at least 2 distinct phases in a magnetic field, which bears some resemblance to superfluid $ ^{3}$He. Here we present our analysis of the thermodynamic properties of these two superconducting states within the weak-coupling BCS theory. The superfluid density of the B phase is compared with recent experimental data.
Supplementary Figure 6 from VEGFA-VEGFR Pathway Blockade Inhibits Tumor-Induced Regulatory T-cell Proliferation in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1MB, SFigure 6 shows that proliferation of conventional T cells is not enhanced in tumor bearing mice and metastatic colorectal cancer patients and is not modulated by anti-VEGF treatment&lt;/p&gt;