gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multi-component nanocomposite screen-printed ink with non-linear touch sensitive electrical conductivity (2013)

Printable electronics is an innovative area of technology with great commercial potential. Here, a screen-printed functional ink, comprising a combination of semiconducting acicular particles, electrically insulating nanoparticles and a base polymer ink, is described that exhibits pronounced pressure sensitive electrical properties for applications in sensing and touch sensitive surfaces. The combination of these components in the as-printed ink yield a complex structure and a large and reproducible touch pressure sensitive resistance range. In contrast to the case for some composite systems, the resistance changes occur down to applied pressures of 13 Pa. Current-voltage measurements at fixed pressures show monotonic non-linear behaviour, which becomes more Ohmic at higher pressures and in all cases shows some hysteresis. The physical basis for conduction, particularly in the low pressure regime, can be described in terms of field assisted quantum mechanical tunnelling.
Multiple sclerosis immunology (2009)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disease characterized by both inflammation and axonal degeneration. The resulting demyelination and subsequent degeneration of axons account for the disability of patients with MS. Early investigations indicated that disease progression was driven by CD4(+) effector T cells. However, clinical therapies specifically targeting these cells have, for the most part, not been effective. Therefore, new areas of research in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (the experimental model of MS) and human MS have identified previously unknown contributions to disease pathogenesis, including interleukin-17-producing T helper 17 cells, B cells, CD8(+) T cells, and both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-regulatory cells. Research into the respective mechanisms of action of these cells has identified novel therapeutic targets to combat this devastating disease. This article reviews the autoimmune response in patients with MS compared with individuals without MS and summarizes the fundamental differences in the immunologic response between people with and without MS. Investigations into these autoimmune differences and the disruption of the homeostatic balance of the immune system will help guide future research into MS therapeutics, with particular attention to the long-term management of this disease.
Quantifying and Monetizing Renewable Energy Resiliency (1970)

As part of the seed LDRD in 2017 we generated catastrophe models to look at the value of resiliency from an insurance perspective. These data sets reflect the inputs and outputs of that analysis.
Enhanced Small-Signal Modeling for Charge-Controlled Resonant Converters (2021)

Charge control for resonant converters introduces an inner feedback loop that improves the system dynamic characteristics. However, small-signal modeling is not straightforward with charge-controlled resonant converters due to the nature of resonant behavior. Conventional small-signal models for charge-controlled resonant converters are developed based on the converter input and output energy balance. This simplified approach overlooks the dynamics of the magnetizing inductor current and generates errors in small-signal frequency response. To improve the analytical model and enable high-bandwidth design, this paper proposes a new methodology for modeling charge-controlled resonant converters. The energy stored in the resonant tank is analyzed using the theory of Extended Describing Function (EDF), which accounts for the effect of the magnetizing current. This methodology applies to a wide range of charge control variants, such as Bang-Bang Charge Control and Hybrid-Hysteretic Control. To demonstrate the modeling procedure, this paper considers a high-order, five resonant-component half-bridge CLLC resonant converter as a case study. The proposed analytical model is applied to a 1-kW, 400-V power supply prototype for simulation and experimental validation. The proposed model successfully predicts the frequency response of the resonant converter across frequency and load conditions, providing rapid frequency-domain evaluation in the design process.
Featured articles from James Huston et al. (2023)

&lt;p&gt;In this issue, we are honored to feature a collection of articles from Professor James Hutson and his co-authors. Prof. James Hutson is an esteemed art history expert at Lindenwood University’s College of Arts and Humanities, whose recent interest is in AI generated art and the future potential for visual communication. He has provided us with a relatively comprehensive exploration of the Metaverse’s impact on education. In addition, he and his colleague also explored the ethical issues of the use of AI technologies, specifically the ethical considerations of digital necromancy. The decision to include four articles by the same author is a deliberate choice, reflecting the depth and breadth of Hutson’s research and the multifaceted nature of both the Metaverse in education and the possible ethical concerns of the use of AI technologies.&lt;/p&gt;
Antigiardial and immunostimulatory effect ofPiper longum on giardiasis due toGiardia lamblia (1999)

Piper longum fruit, used in traditional remedies as well as in the Ayurvedic system of medicine against intestinal disorders, was tested for its efficacy against experimental infection of Giardia lamblia in mice. On in vitro test, an aqueous extract of P. longum fruit powder (PF) at 250 microg/mL and its ethanol extract at 125 microg/mL showed 100% giardicidal activity. A low order activity was found in the n-butanol extract. Further fractionation in hexane and chloroform resulted in a total loss of activity. The survival of-trophozoites in mice at 900 mg/kg body weight was 11.12 in PF, 8. 54 in aqueous extract, 5.81 in ethanol extract. The antigiardial activity of PF in hexane, chloroform and n-butanol soluble fractions was comparable to the drug-untreated control (47.63). Piper longum possessed a demonstrable immunostimulatory activity, both specific and nonspecific, as evident from the standard test parameters such as haemagglutination titre (HA), plaque forming cell (PFC) counts, macrophage migration index (MMI) and phagocytic index (PI). A maximum effect was found at 225 mg/kg body weight in mice. The effect was marginally reduced at higher doses of 450 and 900 mg/kg or the lower dose of 112.5 mg/kg.
Inorganic‐Cation Pseudohalide 2D Cs2Pb(SCN)2Br2 Perovskite Single Crystal (2021)

Most of the reported 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) lead halide perovskites with the general formula of A<sub>n</sub> <sub>+1</sub> B<sub>n</sub> X<sub>3</sub> <sub>n</sub> <sub>+1</sub> (n = 1, 2, …) comprise layered perovskites separated by A-site-substituted organic spacers. To date, only a small number of X-site-substituted RP perovskites have been reported. Herein, the first inorganic-cation pseudohalide 2D phase perovskite single crystal, Cs<sub>2</sub> Pb(SCN)<sub>2</sub> Br<sub>2</sub> , is reported. It is synthesized by the antisolvent vapor-assisted crystallization (AVC) method at room temperature. It exhibits a standard single-layer (n = 1) Ruddlesden-Popper structure described in space group of Pmmn (#59) and has a small separation (d = 1.69 Å) between the perovskite layers. The SCN<sup>-</sup> anions are found to bend the 2D Pb(SCN)<sub>2</sub> Br<sub>2</sub> framework slightly into a kite-shaped octahedron, limiting the formation of a quasi-2D perovskite structure (n > 1). This 2D single crystal exhibits a reversible first-order phase transformation to 3D CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> (Pm3m #221) at 450 K. It has a low exciton binding energy of 160 meV-one of the lowest for 2D perovskites (n = 1). A Cs<sub>2</sub> Pb(SCN)<sub>2</sub> Br<sub>2</sub> -single-crystal photodetector is demonstrated with respectable responsivity of 8.46 mA W<sup>-1</sup> and detectivity of ≈1.2 × 10<sup>10</sup> Jones at a low bias voltage of 0.5 V.
Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Inactivation of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor TR3/Nur77 Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Cell and Tumor Growth (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Inactivation of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor TR3/Nur77 Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Cell and Tumor Growth
Inhibition ofStaphylococcus aureusAdherence to Collagen under Dynamic Conditions (1999)

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is the most common etiological agent of bacterial arthritis and acute osteomyelitis and has been shown to bind to type II collagen under static and dynamic conditions. We have previously reported the effect of shear on the adhesion of S. aureus Phillips to collagen and found that this process is shear dependent (Z. Li, M. Höök, J. M. Patti, and J. M. Ross, Ann. Biomed. Eng. 24[Suppl. 1]:S–55). In this study, we used recombinant collagen adhesin fragments as well as polyclonal antibodies generated against adhesin fragments in attempts to inhibit bacterial adhesion. A parallel-plate flow chamber was used in a dynamic adhesion assay, and quantification of adhesion was accomplished by phase contrast video microscopy coupled with digital image processing. We report that both recombinant fragments studied, M19 and M55, and both polyclonal antibodies studied, α-M17 and α-M55, inhibit adhesion to varying degrees and that these processes are shear dependent. The M55 peptide and α-M55 cause much higher levels of inhibition than M19 and α-M17, respectively, at all wall shear rates studied. Our results demonstrate the importance of using a dynamic system in the assessment of inhibitory strategies and suggest the possible use of M55 and α-M55 in clinical applications to prevent infections caused by S. aureus adhesion to collagen.
Transport properties of thermally responsive anion exchange membranes containingN-isopropylacrylamide in electrodialysis (1999)

Anion exchange membranes containing N-isopropylacrylamide as a component were prepared, and their electrochemical properties were examined. The membranes were crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and contained weakly basic or strongly basic anion exchange groups. The dependence of electrochemical properties of the membranes (electrical resistance, transport number of anions, water content, and reduced osmotic flux) on temperature was completely different from those of the anion exchange membrane without N-isopropylacrylamide. For example, the reduced osmotic flux decreased with increasing temperature until 40°C, and the transport number of chloride ions increased with increasing temperature from 25.0°C, although those of the conventional membrane monotonously increased or decreased. The transport numbers of various anions relative to chloride ions in electrodialysis were evaluated at a different temperature. Although the transport numbers between anions did not change appreciably in the conventional membrane with temperature, those of the anion exchange membranes with N-isopropylacrylamide changed with a temperature dependent on the hydration degree of anions: permeation of less-hydrated anions such as nitrate and bromide ions compared with chloride ions increased with increasing temperature, and that of strongly hydrated anions such as sulfate and fluoride ions decreased with increasing temperature. This is based on the increase or decrease in uptake of the anions in the membrane with the change in temperature because hydrophilicity of the membranes changes with temperature due to the apparent aggregation of isopropyl groups in the membranes. And the change in electrochemical properties and transport numbers of various anions relative to chloride ions with temperature was completely reversible with increasing or decreasing temperature. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 793–804, 1999
Delayed (6h) Intracarotid Treatment with TNK-tPA Improves Neurological Functional Recovery after Embolic Stroke in the Unanesthetized Rat (2000)

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We tested the hypothesis that delayed intra-arterial administration of TNK-tPA increases functional recovery in a model of focal cerebral embolic ischemia in the unanesthetized rat. Male unanesthetized Wistar rats (n=22) were subjected to middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion using a single fibrin rich clot. TNK-tPA (1.5 mg/kg) was administered intraarterially via an internal carotid catheter at 2 h (n=4), 4 h (n=6) or 6 h (n=6) after MCA occlusion. Non-treated ischemic rats (n=6) were used as a control group. A battery of tests (1. Rotarod test, 2. Adhesive-removal test and 3. Footfault test) was used to evaluate neurological function. Animal body weights were measured before and after MCA occlusion. All rats were sacrificed 28 days after ischemia. Infract volume and gross hemorrhage was measured. Intra-arterial treatment with TNK-tPA at 2h after ischemia significantly (p<0.01) reduced infarct volume (18.6“2.6 % of the contralateral hemisphere) and improved neurological functional recovery compared with the control rats (37.5 ”0.7%). Although infarct volumes were not significantly reduced for rats treated with intra-arterial TNK-tPA at 4h (31.2“3.1 %) and at 6h (32.9”3.1 %) after ischemia, significant (p<0.05) improvements on sensorimotor functions (adhesive removal test at 4, 14, 21, and 28 d ) and significant increases in animal body weight (7 d) were detected in rats treated with TNK-tPA at 4 h and 6h. Gross hemorrhage was 25% (2h), 33% (4h) and 33% (6h), which was not significantly different from gross hemorrhage in the control group (17 %). This study demonstrates that intra-carotid treatment with TNK-tPA even at 6h of the onset of stroke improves neurological functional recovery from brain damage without significantly increasing the incidence of intra-cerebral hemorrhage in the unanesthetized ischemic rat.
Fecal α1-Antitrypsin Clearance in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (1984)

We evaluated fecal clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) as a method of detecting and quantitating intestinal protein loss in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We investigated alpha 1-AT clearance (C alpha 1-AT) in 14 patients (seven with Crohn's disease, seven with ulcerative colitis) and in 10 children with gastrointestinal disorders and normal serum albumin values who served as controls. The inflammatory bowel disease patients were analyzed for nutritional status, intestinal absorption, disease activity and distribution, and presence or absence of rectal bleeding. alpha 1-AT was measured in stool (72-h collections) and serum by radial immunodiffusion, and the clearance was calculated. The mean C alpha 1-AT in patients with inflammatory bowel disease was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than that of the controls. C alpha 1-AT in the former patients was inversely related to the serum albumin level (p less than 0.001), but not to disease activity, medications, absorption, nutritional status, or moderate rectal bleeding. In the patients with Crohn's disease there was a trend to increased C alpha 1-AT from only ileal to diffuse small intestinal disease involvement. We conclude that in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, fecal clearance of alpha 1-AT is a useful method for quantitating intestinal protein loss, and that moderate rectal bleeding does not affect the C alpha 1-AT determination.
Reflux Nephropathy in Kidney Transplants, Demonstrated by Dimercaptosuccinic Acid Scanning (2006)

Kidney transplants are at high risk of developing segmental pyelonephritic scars if infected urine refluxes into the graft, either early through a transanastomotic stent or later from vesicoureteric reflux. These scars may reduce the renal function and are readily seen on DMSA, but not ultrasound scans. Consideration should be given to more effective antireflux surgery for transplants, with subsequent testing for reflux, urinary antibiotic prophylaxis, and prompt treatment of urine infections.
Supplementary Video 3 from Glioblastoma Angiogenesis and Tumor Cell Invasiveness Are Differentially Regulated by β8 Integrin (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MOV file - 4.28MB, Migrating THAs expressing b8shRNAs were imaged in the absence of TGFbeta1.&lt;/p&gt;
Determination of the disulfide array in the human defensin HNP-2 (1989)

HNP-2 is a 29-residue peptide present in human neutrophils and is a member of the defensin family of antimicrobial peptides. All defensins contain an invariant disulfide infrastructure comprised of 6 half-cystine residues. The disulfide structure of HNP-2 was determined using a novel method to identify the cross-links involving the amino- and carboxyl-terminal cysteine residues. A derivative of HNP-2 was synthesized by covalent modification of the terminal cysteine residues. This derivative was purified, characterized, and subjected to exhaustive proteolytic digestion. Characterization of purified proteolytic fragments by amino acid analysis and/or sequence analysis identified an oligopeptide containing all 6 cystine residues. This oligopeptide was subjected to a single cycle of Edman degradation to cleave the peptide bond linking 2 adjacent cysteines. Purification and characterization of the Edman reaction products allowed for assignment of the disulfide array in HNP-2, revealing a cystine motif unique to the defensin peptide family. Further, the covalent structure of HNP-2 was found to be cyclic as one disulfide links the amino- and carboxyl-terminal cysteine residues. HNP-2 is the only polypeptide known to possess such a configuration.
DNA-Enrichment Microfluidic Chip for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (2009)

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful and widely applied technique for detecting association of individual proteins with specific genomic regions; the technique requires several complex steps and is tedious. In this paper, we develop a microbead-packed microfluidic chip which eliminates most of the laborious, time-consuming, and skill-dependent processes of the ChIP procedure. A computational fluid dynamics model was established to analyze fluidic behavior in a microbead-packed microchannel. With the use of the new chip, a ChIP procedure was performed to purify the GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) gene from human embryonic kidney cells (cell line 293). The ChIP capability of the microfluidic chip was evaluated and compared with that of a commercial assay kit; the precipitation performance of both methods was almost identical as shown by quantitative measurement of DNA. However, our chip offers the advantage of low resin volume, and the experimental time is greatly reduced. In addition, our method is less dependent on individual technical skill. Therefore, we expect that our microfluidic chip-based ChIP method will be widely used in DNA-, gene-, and protein-related research and will improve experimental efficiency.
Structure determination (1995)

The necessary approach is to apply a combination of methods in order to arrive at a final conclusion for the structure. A simplified scheme for the structure elucidation of saponins, with a selection of the available techniques, is shown in Fig. 4.1. This is a step wise process, in which the saponin is gradually broken down into smaller fragments which themselves are analysed spectroscopically. By a judicious handling of the data from the fragments, an idea of the composition of the saponin can gradually be built up.
Decreased Muscarinic Receptor Binding in the Arcuate Nucleus in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (1995)

Muscarinic cholinergic activity in the human arcuate nucleus at the ventral medullary surface is postulated to be involved in cardiopulmonary control. A significant decrease in [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to muscarinic receptors in the arcuate nucleus is now shown to occur in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) infants, compared to infants dying acutely of known causes. In infants with chronic oxygenation abnormalities, binding is low in other nuclei, as well as in the arcuate nucleus. The binding deficit in the arcuate nucleus of SIDS infants might contribute to a failure of responses to cardiopulmonary challenges during sleep.
<title>Retinal Effects Of Blue Light Exposure</title> (1980)

Recent research has shown that blue light exposure is an important factor in certain types of retinal injury. The mammalian ocular media transmits the spectral band 400-1400 nm to the retina. The short wavelengths (400-550 nm) produce a photochemical or actinic type of damage, while the longer wavelengths (550-1400 nm) produce thermal damage. Distinction between the two types of retinal damage are discussed briefly and the importance of the blue light effect for solar retinitis and eclipse blindness is emphasized. The significance of blue light retinal injury is summarized for various environmental and occupational exposures.
Improved digital signature schemes based on dual-complexities (2012)

In the electronic commerce and e-government era, digital signature has become more and more important recently. Digital signature algorithms can be categorized based on one of security suppositions, discrete logarithm and factorization hard-problems, which are currently believed to be unsolvable in a reasonable time-period. In other words, if the discrete logarithm or factorization problem can be broken, the corresponding digital signature scheme will become insecure any more. Therefore, to enhance the system security, the adoption of a digital signature algorithm based on both assumptions is a possible choice. In this paper, by referring to Laih and Kuo's architecture [1], we propose a new digital signature algorithm based on both discrete logarithm and factorization problems. We also propose another digital signature scheme. After analyses, the proposed scheme used less key length can achieve the similar security purposes. We also prove that the security of the proposed scheme is based on both discrete logarithm and factoring problems.
Light-induced Modulation of Ferroelectric Polarization Probed Using Time-Resolved X-ray Scattering (2010)

Time-resolved x-ray diffraction techniques are used to visualize atomic-scale displacements within the unit cell of the nanoscale ferroelectric PbTiO3. A picosecond all-optically-induced polarization modulation is observed, associated with a large-amplitude carrier-induced increase in the polarization.