gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-speed photocrosslinking of thermoplastic styrene-butadiene elastomers (2000)

Photoinitiated thiol/ene polymerization was used to crosslink a triblock styrene/butadiene/styrene (SBS) polymer of low vinyl content (8%). The crosslinking process was followed by infrared spectroscopy (loss of unsaturation), insolubilization, swelling, and hardness measurements. The photogenerated thiyl radicals react with both the vinyl and the 2-butene double bonds of the copolymer. Concentrations of less than 1 wt % in the trifunctional thiol crosslinker and in the acylphosphine oxide photoinitiator proved to be sufficient to create, within 0.5 s, a permanent chemical network in the elastomeric phase. This UV-curing technology was successfully applied to crosslink rapidly commercial SBS–Kraton® thermoplastic elastomers. It proved also effective in the case of the much less reactive triblock styrene/isoprene/styrene (SIS) polymer which contains no vinyl double bonds. The thiol/ene polymerization was shown to be a much more efficient process to crosslink SBS and SIS thermoplastic elastomers than was the copolymerization of the rubber double bonds with a diacrylate monomer. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1902–1912, 2000
Inhibition of microglial GBA hampers the microglia-mediated anti-oxidant and protective response in neurons (2021)

Abstract Homozygotic mutations in the GBA gene cause Gaucher’s disease, moreover, both patients and heterozygotic carriers have been associated with 20- to 30-fold increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. In homozygosis, these mutations impair the activity of β-glucocerebrosidase, the enzyme encoded by GBA, and generate a lysosomal disorder in macrophages, which changes morphology towards an engorged phenotype, considered the hallmark of Gaucher’s disease. In the brain, most of the pathological effects caused by GBA mutations have been attributed to the β-glucocerebrosidase deficit in neurons, while a microglial phenotype for these mutations has never been reported. Here, we applied the bioluminescence imaging technology, immunohistochemical and gene expression analysis to investigate the consequences of microglial β-glucocerebrosidase inhibition in the brain of reporter mice, in primary neuron/microglia co-cultures and in cell lines. Our data demonstrate the existence of a novel mechanism by which microglia sustain the antioxidant/detoxifying response mediated by the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in neurons. The central role played by microglia in this neuronal response in vivo was proven by pharmacological depletion of the lineage in the brain, while co-cultures experiments provided insight on the nature of this cell-to-cell communication showing that this mechanism requires a direct microglia-to-neuron contact supported by functional actin structures. Pharmacological inhibition of microglial β-glucocerebrosidase was proven to induce morphological changes, turn on an anti-inflammatory/repairing pathway and hinder the microglia ability to activate the anti-oxidant/detoxifying response, thus increasing the neuronal susceptibility to neurotoxins. Altogether, our data suggest that microglial β-glucocerebrosidase inhibition impairs microglia-to-neuron communication increasing the sensitivity of neurons to oxidative or toxic insults, thus providing a possible mechanism for the increased risk of neurodegeneration observed in carriers of GBA mutations. Graphical Abstract In Brief Microglia, through actin-dependent structures, contact neurons and induce a detoxification response by increasing the NFE2L2 signalling pathway. Inhibition of GCase activity by CBE treatment produces a morpho-functional change in microglia cells hampering the neuroprotective microglia-neuron communication thus inducing a phenotype in dopaminergic neurons characterized by increased susceptibility to oxidative stress or toxic insults.
Molecular cloning and expression pattern of rpr‐1, a resiniferatoxin‐binding, phosphotriesterase‐related protein, expressed in rat kidney tubules1 (1997)

Bacterial phosphotriesterases are enzymes that hydrolyse phosphotriester-containing organophosphate pesticides. Resiniferatoxin is a vanilloid that desensitises nociceptive neurons. By screening a rat cDNA library with labelled resiniferatoxin, we unexpectedly isolated a novel rat phosphotriesterase homologue, here named rpr-1, that encodes a 349 amino acid, 39 kDa protein (confirmed by in vitro translation). Northern blotting and in situ hybridisation show expression primarily in proximal tubules of the kidney, in which rpr-1 distribution correlates with resiniferatoxin-binding activity. These results suggest an unsuspected link between the phosphotriesterase enzyme family and resiniferatoxin toxicity and pharmacology.
Effects of nonlinear absorption in BK7 and color glasses at 355 nm (2004)

We have demonstrated a simple experimental technique that can be used to measure the nonlinear absorption coefficients in glasses. We determine BK7, UG1, and UG11 glasses to have linear absorption coefficients of 0.0217 &plusmn; 10% cm<sup>-1</sup>, 1.7 &plusmn; 10% cm<sup>-1</sup>, and 0.82 &plusmn; 10% cm<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, two-photon absorption cross-sections of 0.025 &plusmn; 20% cm/GW, 0.035 &plusmn; 20% cm/GW, and 0.047 &plusmn; 20% cm/GW, respectively, excited-state absorption cross-sections of 8.0 x 10<sup>-18</sup> &plusmn; 20% cm<sup>2</sup>, 2.8 x 10<sup>-16</sup> &plusmn; 20% cm<sup>2</sup>, and 5 x 10<sup>-17</sup> &plusmn; 20% cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively, and solarization coefficients of 8.5 x 10<sup>-20</sup> &plusmn; 20% cm<sup>2</sup>, 2.5 x 10<sup>-18</sup> &plusmn; 20% cm<sup>2</sup>, and 1.3 x 10<sup>-19</sup> &plusmn; 20% cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. For our application, nonlinear effects in 10-cm of BK7 are small (&le; 2%) for 355-nm fluences &lt; 0.2 J/cm<sup>2</sup> for flat-top pulses. However, nonlinear effects are noticeable for 355-nm fluences at 0.8 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. In particular, we determine a 20% increase in the instantaneous absorption from linear, a solarization rate of 4% per 100 shots, and a 10% temporal droop introduced in the pulse, for 355-nm flat-top pulses at a fluence of 0.8 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. For 0.5-cm of UG1 absorbing glass the non-linear absorption has a similar effect as that from 10-cm of BK7 on the pulse shape; however, the effects in UG11 are much smaller.
Activity Coefficients at High Concentrations in Multicomponent Salt Systems (1980)

Semi-empirical equations are proposed to describe activity coefficients at high concentrations in multicomponent salt system. The approach is limited to systems containing a common ion. The proposed equations highlight the region of high concentration and thus complement the various thermodynamic treatments developed for dilute aqueous solutions. The proposed equations for the activity coefficients of the electrolytes contain two parameters determined using activity coefficient data for the ternary system. The activity coefficient of water is well described using only data of the binary subsystems. The activity coefficients in the proposed equations have been defined similarly to those of non-electrolytes. However, they are easily related to the familiar mean ionic activity coefficients. These new equations have potential use in processing of salt systems, hydrometallurgy and interpretation of geological data.
How can we consider variable RBE and LETd prediction during clinical practice? A pediatric case report at the Normandy Proton Therapy Centre using an independent dose engine (2022)

Abstract Background To develop an auxiliary GPU-accelerated proton therapy (PT) dose and LET d engine for the IBA Proteus®ONE PT system. A pediatric low-grade glioma case study is reported using FRoG during clinical practice, highlighting potential treatment planning insights using variable RBE dose (D vRBE ) and LET d as indicators for clinical decision making in PT. Methods The physics engine for FRoG has been modified for compatibility with Proteus®ONE PT centers. Subsequently, FRoG was installed and commissioned at NPTC. Dosimetric validation was performed against measurements and the clinical TPS, RayStation (RS-MC). A head patient cohort previously treated at NPTC was collected and FRoG forward calculations were compared against RS-MC for evaluation of 3D-Γ analysis and dose volume histogram (DVH) results. Currently, treatment design at NPTC is supported with fast variable RBE and LET d calculation and is reported in a representative case for pediatric low-grade glioma. Results Simple dosimetric tests against measurements of iso-energy layers and spread-out Bragg Peaks in water verified accuracy of FRoG and RS-MC. Among the patient cohort, average 3D-Γ applying 2%/2 mm, 3%/1.5 mm and 5%/1 mm were &gt; 97%. DVH metrics for targets and OARs between FRoG and RayStation were in good agreement, with ∆D 50,CTV and ∆D 2,OAR both ⪅1%. The pediatric case report demonstrated implications of different beam arrangements on D vRBE and LET d distributions. From initial planning in RayStation sharing identical optimization constraints, FRoG analysis led to plan selection of the most conservative approach, i.e., minimized D vRBE,max and LET d,max in OARs, to avoid optical system toxicity effects (i.e., vision loss). Conclusion An auxiliary dose calculation system was successfully integrated into the clinical workflow at a Proteus®ONE IBA facility, in excellent agreement with measurements and RS-MC. FRoG may lead to further insight on D vRBE and LET d implications to help clinical decision making, better understand unexpected toxicities and establish novel clinical procedures with metrics currently absent from the standard clinical TPS.
An Optimized Design for a Low-Frequency Inductive Voltage Divider (1972)

A theoretical investigation of the causes of error in multidecade two-staged inductive voltage dividers (IVD) has been made and from this an optimized design for the frequency band 10-400 Hz has been evaluated. A three-decade divider rated at 0.6 times frequency has been constructed and calibrated and the errors of voltage division do not exceed the design limits of 5 × 10-9 of input.
Assessing person fit using l<SUP align="right">*</SUP><SUB align="right">z and the posterior predictive model checking method for dichotomous item response theory models (2015)

Person-fit assessment is employed to obtain additional information regarding the answering behaviour of persons (Glas and Meijer, 2003). The lz statistic (Drasgow et al., 1985) is one of the most popular person-fit statistics. The posterior predictive model checking method (e.g., Rubin, 1984) is a popular Bayesian tool for assessing the fit of item response theory (IRT) models (e.g., Sinharay, 2005; Sinharay et al., 2006). However, the use of lz (and its modifications) combined with the PPMC method led to a conservative person-fit assessment in de la Torre and Deng (2008) and Glas and Meijer (2003). The reason of the conservativeness of this combination is provided. The use of the l*z statistic (Snijders, 2001) along with the weighted likelihood estimate (WLE; Warm, 1989) of the examinee ability and the PPMC method is suggested. The suggested approach has satisfactory power and performs as well as the best approach of de la Torre and Deng (2008). The approach is then applied to an operational dataset.
Polarization measurements of Gamma-Ray Bursts with IBIS (2011)

The measurement of polarization is a powerful tool to constrain physical processes in astrophysical sources. Here we present the results of the measurements of linear polarization obtained in the 200-800 keV energy band using IBIS as a Compton polarimeter. We will focus on the highly polarized GRB 041219A, and its time resolved analysis. For this GRB our results favor models where the prompt emission at these energies is produced by synchrotron radiation from a relativistic outow with a magnetic eld, which is coherent on an angular size comparable with the angular size of the emitting region. Finally, we present the measurements and upper limits obtained for other GRBs detected by INTEGRAL.
An in Situ Energy-Dispersive X-ray Diffraction Study of the Hydrothermal Crystallization of Zeolite A. 2. Effect of Deuteration on Crystallization Kinetics (2000)

Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction has been used to follow the crystallization of zeolite A from amorphous aluminosilicate gels at 100 °C. Determination of changing Bragg peak intensity with time allows accurate quantitative kinetic information to be obtained. For the first time the effect of deuteration of reagents on the kinetics of a zeolite crystallization has been studied in detail. The kinetics of crystallization in NaOH/H2O and NaOD/D2O have been quantified using the nucleation growth model of Avrami and Erofe'ev. We find that the induction time of crystallization is lengthened when NaOH is replaced by NaOD, but no retardation of crystallization rate is observed. We suggest that this is due to the dissolution of starting materials being the rate-controlling step of the overall reaction. The new kinetic results are discussed in relation to previously postulated zeolite crystallization mechanisms.
Gap Waveguide PMC Packaging for Two-Layer PEC Surfaces (2016)

This paper shows the investigation of gap waveguide (GW) packaging for an irregular perfect electric conductor (PEC) composed of two layers of metal surfaces. The stopband for a GW with two-layer PEC surfaces is carefully studied, considering the top-layer PEC width, pin size, pin height, columns of pins, as well as dielectric substrate thickness and permittivity. A strategy of the GW packaging for such an irregular PEC surface is presented. In addition to the unit cell-based stopband study, such GW packaging is also demonstrated for a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW)-microstrip line structure, which is typical of the circuit with two-layer PEC surfaces. A Chebyshev bandpass filter built on the SIW and microstrip line is finally designed and fabricated to provide experimental verifications. In particular, a dedicated defect of the side air gap existing in the SIW-based circuits using the GW PMC packaging is found, and an effective remedy is presented.
Conformational States of the Nuclear Pore Complex Induced by Depletion of Nuclear Ca 2+ Stores (1996)

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is essential for the transit of molecules between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of a cell and until recently was thought to allow intermediate-sized molecules (relative molecular mass of approximately 10,000) to diffuse freely across the nuclear envelope. However, the depletion of calcium from the nuclear envelope of Xenopus laevis oocytes was shown to regulate the passage of intermediate-sized molecules. Two distinct conformational states of the NPC were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. A central plug occluded the NPC channel after nuclear calcium stores had been depleted and free diffusion of intermediate-sized molecules had been blocked. Thus, the NPC conformation appears to gate molecular movement across the nuclear envelope.
Integrated task and motion planning in belief space (2013)

We describe an integrated strategy for planning, perception, state estimation and action in complex mobile manipulation domains based on planning in the belief space of probability distributions over states using hierarchical goal regression (pre-image back-chaining). We develop a vocabulary of logical expressions that describe sets of belief states, which are goals and subgoals in the planning process. We show that a relatively small set of symbolic operators can give rise to task-oriented perception in support of the manipulation goals. An implementation of this method is demonstrated in simulation and on a real PR2 robot, showing robust, flexible solution of mobile manipulation problems with multiple objects and substantial uncertainty.
Waves in plasmas: some historical highlights (1984)

To illustrate the development of some fundamental concepts in plasma waves, a number of experimental observations, going back over half a century, are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the phenomena of dispersion, collisionfree damping, finite-Larmor-radius and cyclotron and cyclotron-harmonic effects, nonlocal response, and stochasticity. One may note not only the constructive interplay between observation and theory and experiment but also that major advances have come from each of the many disciplines that invoke plasma physics as a tool, including radio communication, astrophysics, controlled fusion, space physics, and basic research.
The effect of macromolecular crowding on mobility of biomolecules, association kinetics, and gene expression in living cells (2014)

We discuss a quantitative influence of macromolecular crowding on biological processes: motion, bimolecular reactions, and gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. We present scaling laws relating diffusion coefficient of an object moving in a cytoplasm of cells to a size of this object and degree of crowding. Such description leads to the notion of the length scale dependent viscosity characteristic for all living cells. We present an application of the length-scale dependent viscosity model to the description of motion in the cytoplasm of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic living cells. We compare the model with all recent data on diffusion of nanoscopic objects in HeLa, and E. coli cells. Additionally a description of the mobility of molecules in cell nucleus is presented. Finally we discuss the influence of crowding on the bimolecular association rates and gene expression in living cells.
First result from the magic-PASTIS using large3He SEOP-polarized GE180 doughnut cell (2016)

We report on the first results of the newly proposed and prototyped PASTIS coil set, enabling for XYZ polarization analysis on the future thermal time-of flight spectrometers. Our setup uses a wide-angle banana shaped 3He Neutron Spin Filter cell (NSF) to cover a large range of scattering solid angle. The design assures relative magnetic field gradients < 10-3 cm-1 and large solid angle areas not interrupted by either coils or supports. In the vertical direction nearly 40° are open and the blind spots in the horizontal scattering plane comprise only 3° in 180° due to the square X and Y compensation coils. We present the first results of the field mapping and relaxations time measurements using a large 3He SEOP polarized GE180 doughnut cell.
Characterization of Cracking Within WC-Co Coated Materials by an Acoustic Emission Method During Four Points Bending Tests (2000)

Abstract The aim of this work is to study the adhesion of WC-Co coatings using acoustic emission testing. The coatings were produced by HVOF spraying then subjected to four-point bending while in situ acoustic emission measurements were made. The test specimens were then examined under a microscope, revealing regularly spaced transverse cracks on the coating surface as well as interfacial cracking. An analysis of the acoustic emission data revealed two types of acoustic events based on absolute energy and amplitude. This appears to be linked to the cracks that were observed forming the basis for an interfacial cracking model.
Synergism in cytosolic Ca2+ mobilization between bradykinin and agonists for pertussis toxin‐sensitive G‐protein‐coupled receptors in NG 108‐15 cells (1992)

Bradykinin (BK) induced a transient and pertussis toxin (PT)-insensitive increase in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in NG 108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells, whereas leucine-enkephalin (EK), somatostatin, norepinephrine or carbachol showed a weak but PT-sensitive action. When any one of the latter agonists was applied to the cells treated with low doses of BK, however, the level of [Ca2+]i rise caused by the agonist was remarkably increased in a PT-sensitive manner. The decreasing of extracellular Ca2+ only slightly influenced the actions of these agonists. Thus, synergism between a BK receptor and PT-sensitive G-protein-coupled receptors results in marked intracellular Ca2+ mobilization by the latter agonists.
Simultaneous detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae by nested PCR amplification from cerebrospinal fluid samples (2006)

Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are often the cause of serious diseases such as meningitis. We designed a nested PCR assay to identify these pathogens from cerebrospinal fluid samples. The first-step PCR was able to detect eubacterial rRNA genes with a unified set of universal primers. In the second-step PCR, the identification primers, HI I and II and SP I and II, could detect H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae respectively through amplification of the rRNA spacer between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. We suggest that the two-step PCR assay can be used as a novel method for the immediate and retrospective diagnosis of bacterial meningitis caused by H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae.
Expression of the mouse dihydrofolate reductase cDNA inB.subtilis: a system to select mutant cDNAs coding for methoirexate resistant enzymes (1984)

With the aim to obtain a cDNA coding for a mammalian methotrexate resistant dihydrofolate reductase (Dhfr) a plasmid ( pQS1 ) harboring the mouse wild type Dhfr cDNA was constructed and used to transform a methotrexate sensitive bacteria: B. subtilis. A plasmid, pQS4 , expressing large amount of Dhfr in both E. coli and B. subtilis was isolated through a two steps selection with two substrate analogues, trimethoprim followed by methotrexate. This new plasmid has a 54 bp duplication including the beta-lactamase promoter and a deletion of 564 bp removing the 5' end of the beta-lactamase coding region. These changes create a new -35 region TTGAAA and a potentially stronger binding site for both E. coli and B. subtilis 16S ribosomal RNA. pQS4 transformed B. subtilis were then grown in the presence of high level of methotrexate and resistant mutants isolated. One of them, pQS6 , which codes for an enzyme about 50 times more resistant to methotrexate than the wild type Dhfr was sequenced. It shows that a point mutation replaces the glutamine residue at position 35 by a proline.
Cover Picture: Live‐Cell Studies of p300/CBP Histone Acetyltransferase Activity and Inhibition (ChemBioChem 14/2012) (2012)

The cover picture shows a living eukaryotic cell, wherein the nuclear DNA–histone complexes of chromatin undergo dynamic conformational changes that are regulated by HATs (reversible lysine acetylation) and HDACs (deacetylation). This can be controlled experimentally by cell-permeable small molecules, such as the p300/CBP HAT inhibitor, C107, or the classical HDAC inhibitor, TSA. On p. 2113 ff., P. A. Cole et al. explain how, with the use of a FRET-based reporter of histone acetylation, the real-time effects of these pharmacological manipulations can be visualized and quantified as a change in ratio of yellow and cyan fluorescence. Inside Cover For more details, see the Full Paper by H. Schwalbe et al. n p. 2100 ff. Back Cover For more details, see the Communication by Y. Watanabe et al. on p. 2045