gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medicinal Plants Derived Nutraceuticals : A Re-Emerging Health Aid (2011)

Nutritional therapy and phyto-therapy have emerged as new concepts of health aid in recent years. Strong recommendations for consumption of nutraceuticals from plant origin have become progressively popular to improve health, and to prevent and treat diseases. Nutraceuticals are naturally derived bioactive compounds that are found in foods, dietary supplements and herbal products, and have health promoting, disease preventing and medicinal properties. Plant derived Nutraceuticals/functional foods have received considerable attention because of their presumed safety and potential nutritional and therapeutic effects. Some popular phyto-nutraceuticals include glucosamine from ginseng, Omega-3 fatty acids from linseed, Epigallocatechin gallate from green tea, lycopene form tomato etc. Majority of the nutraceuticals are claimed to possess multiple therapeutic benefits though substantial evidence is lacking for the benefits as well as unwanted effects. With these trends, improvement of the dietary nutritional values of fruits, vegetables and other crops or enhancement of the bioactive components in folk herbals have become the targets of blooming plant biotechnology industry. The present review has been devoted towards better understanding of the phyto-nutraceuticals from different medicinal plants based on their disease specific indications.
Effects of core‐shell latex morphology on film forming behavior (1990)

Abstract A series of core‐and‐shell latex particles were made from methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate copolymers. All latexes were almost monodisperse in particle size. The polymer hardness was varied by changing the methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate ratio between the limits of 40/60 and 60/40 parts by weight. The minimum film temperatures(MFTs) of these particles were expected to vary with core and shell characteristics in the following order: soft/hard &gt; medium/medium &gt; hard/soft. In fact, this order was observed only if the shell thickness was greater than a certain minimum value that depends on the diameter of the core polymer. Thinner, softer shells on harder cores may require higher drying temperatures than thicker shells with the same composition because the former are required to deform more to produce void‐free films.
Beam-tilting design of microstrip comb-line antenna array in perpendicular plane of feeding line for three-beam switching (2008)

In order to extend design flexibility, we proposed design techniques for beam-tilting in perpendicular plane of feeding line. This technique is applied to develop three antennas with different beams for three-beam switching.
Adsorption of Poly(N-alkylsubstituted acrylamide)s onto Polystyrene Latexes. (1995)

N-アルキル置換アクリルアミド系ポリマーのアニオン性ポリスチレン (PS) ラテックスに対する吸着特性とこれらのポリマーの親疎水性の指標となる水溶液の曇り点, および水溶液中での溶存状態に関係する表面張力やピレンの蛍光強度比 (I1/I3) との関係について検討した. 本研究で用いたN-アルキル置換アクリルアミド系ポリマーはすべてアニオン性のPSラテックスに対し吸着性を示し, その吸着はLangmuir型であった. ホモポリマーおよび側鎖のアルキル鎖の短いコモノマー単位を有するコポリマーよりもコモノマー単位のアルキル鎖が長く, その含有量が高いコポリマーの方が高い飽和吸着量を示した. PSラテックスに対するポリマーの吸着の平衡定数はI1/I3値と相関があり, I1/I3値が高く, 疎水ドメインを形成しないポリマーの方が高くなる傾向があった. PSラテックスへのポリマーの吸着は主に疎水相互作用によるもので, 水溶液中でのポリマー鎖の溶存状態が吸着の平衡定数および飽和吸着量に関係することがわかった.
Comparison of flow and laser scanning cytometry for the assay of cell proliferation in human solid tumors (1998)

The introduction of the laser scanning cytometer offers new capabilities in cell proliferation research, through its capacity for validation of each and every cell event through direct visualization on the microscope slide. In this study, we report a direct comparison of proliferation data derived from flow and laser scanning cytometry of human tumor nuclei labeled in vivo with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). Nuclear suspensions from 19 invasive ductal breast carcinomas and 12 gastric adenocarcinomas were prepared and analysed for BrdUrd uptake and DNA content. Specimens were analysed using a FACScan and then prepared on cytocentrifuge preparations for laser scanning cytometry. DNA index, labeling index (LI), duration of S-phase (Ts) and potential doubling time (Tpot) were calculated using standard procedures. There was an excellent correlation between the two techniques in the calculation of DNA index (R = 0.983, P > 0.0001) and LI (R = 0.924, P > 0.0001). The Ts proved more problematical (R = 0.448, P = 0.0115) but the Tpot showed closer agreement (R = 0.851, P > 0.0001) as the LI was the dominant determinant of Tpot. No single parameter could be identified as the major source of variation between the two techniques. We conclude that the laser scanning cytometer produces data equivalent to that obtained by flow cytometry.
Methods to Stabilize the Upper Airway Using Positive Pressure (1996)

Nasal CPAP has become the treatment of choice for obstructive sleep apnea because of its predictable physiologic effect over the full spectrum of disease. The physiology of the upper airway during sleep mimics the behavior of a collapsible tube; CPAP prevents the negative intraluminal pressure thought to cause apnea, hypopnia and increases in airway resistance. Titration of CPAP for optimal therapy is not well standardized. However, treatment algorithms should aim to eliminate apneas, hypopneas, snoring, significant O2 desaturations, and EEG arousals. Flow limitation (recognized from the shape of the flow tracing) may also need to be eliminated. Once prescribed, CPAP is effective but compliance with therapy is not uniform or optimal. Attention to details of comfort and various enhancements to CPAP may improve results but need to be validated. Automatically adjusting CPAP may provide a new therapeutic option, but again needs to be carefully evaluated to define improvements possible in ease of titration, effectiveness, and ultimate compliance.
Human Ear Recognition in 3D (2007)

Human ear is a new class of relatively stable biometrics that has drawn researchers' attention recently. In this paper, we propose a complete human recognition system using 3D ear biometrics. The system consists of 3D ear detection, 3D ear identification, and 3D ear verification. For ear detection, we propose a new approach which uses a single reference 3D ear shape model and locates the ear helix and the antihelix parts in registered 2D color and 3D range images. For ear identification and verification using range images, two new representations are proposed. These include the ear helix/antihelix representation obtained from the detection algorithm and the local surface patch (LSP) representation computed at feature points. A local surface descriptor is characterized by a centroid, a local surface type, and a 2D histogram. The 2D histogram shows the frequency of occurrence of shape index values versus the angles between the normal of reference feature point and that of its neighbors. Both shape representations are used to estimate the initial rigid transformation between a gallery-probe pair. This transformation is applied to selected locations of ears in the gallery set and a modified Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm is used to iteratively refine the transformation to bring the gallery ear and probe ear into the best alignment in the sense of the least root mean square error. The experimental results on the UCR data set of 155 subjects with 902 images under pose variations and the University of Notre Dame data set of 302 subjects with time-lapse gallery-probe pairs are presented to compare and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and the system.
Destruction of Cervical Vertebra by Solitary Neurofibroma (1960)

The neoplasms most frequently encountered in the spine, spinal cord or spinal nerve roots are those that grow from the spinal nerves. Various pathological terms have been given to these tumors, namely, fibromas, perineurial fibromas, neurofibromas, neurilemmomas and schwannomas. There have been differences of opinion as to their origin. Stout 2~ and others felt that their pathological characteristics indicate that these tumors are composed of, or are derived from, the schwannian cells of the nerve sheath. As to their incidence, the tmnors fall into two large groups :9 (1) the neurofibromas of von Recklinghausen's disease, which are part of a systemic disorder, and (2) the neurofibroma that occurs as a solitary neoplasm without other stigmata of neurofibromatosis. The pathology of the tumor in the two groups, however, is the same. The involvement of bone by these tumors occurs in one of three different ways: (a) the bone is invaded and destroyed by the neighboring tumor; (b) the tumor begins as a primary growth within the bone; and (e) the bone is destroyed from pressure atrophy without invasion by the adjacent soft tumor. Changes in bone associated with yon Reeklinghausen's disease are a common oceurrence. According to Hodges et al.] 3 they are found in 7 per cent of all eases of this disease. They were classified in 1924 by Brooks and Lehman 2 who described lesions causing irregularities in the outline of the bone, tumors destroying the interior of the bone, called subperiosteal bone cysts, and pedunculated subperiosteal tumors. The fundamental eause of these changes in the bone, according to Brooks and Lehman, is the development of a neurofibroma in a nerve that supplies the periosteum. As the tumor enlarges, pressure is exerted on the cortex of the bone, causing erosion and formation of pits, which are filled with neoplastic tissue. Radiologieally, they may take on the appearance of a cyst or a thin shell of cortex covering the fibrous tumor tissue. 12 Diagnosis is made easily in the presence of other stigmata of the systemic disease, including the characteristic pigmented lesions of the skin, the hereditary factor and others. Changes in the bone concomitant with solitary neurofibroma are similar to those described above. The changes encountered most frequently with neurofibromas of the spinal nerve roots are erosion and atrophy of bone caused by pressure. Atrophy, deformity or destruction of one or more vertebral pedieles, enlargement of an intervertebral foramen or deep indentation in the body of the vertebra are associated so commonly with this tumor as to be almost a part of its clinical syndrome. On the other hand, infiltration and destruction of bone by a solitary neurofibroma are extremely rare. When the so-called dumb-bell tumor invades and destroys the vertebra, the roentgen-ray appearance is that of a metastatic malignant growth. This diagnostic error is made most frequently in cases of tumors arising
A Large Drift Detector Array Lunar Orbiter Spectrometer (2009)

Measurement of-rays from the surface of objects can tell us about the chemical composition. Absorption of radiation causes characteristic fluorescence from material being irradiated. By measuring the spectrum ofthe radiation and identifying lines in the spectrum, the emitting element (s) can be identified.
Characterization of organic‐coated solids isolated from different oil sands (2010)

Abstract Solids isolated from weathered oil sands ores and those having low‐ and high‐fine solids content were studied. The organic matter (OM) adsorbed on the solids was found insoluble in most common solvents, contributing significantly to the change of solid surface properties. The surface properties of these solids were found to affect the entire process cycle of obtaining synthetic crude oil from surface‐mined oil sands using a water‐based extraction process, and managing the existing tailings ponds. In this study, the low‐fine solids ore possessed the lowest amount of organic‐coated solids and highest bitumen recovery. Siderite and pyrite, which tend to concentrate in the hydrocarbon phase were observed in the isolated solids from the weathered and high‐fine ores but were absent in the low‐fine ores. In all the ores studied, the solids from the bitumen froth possess less quartz, and more carbonates compared with solids from the tailings. Elemental analysis by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and elemental analyser revealed the presence of more transition metals (iron and titanium), and carbon in the solids obtained from the bitumen froth when compared with those from the tailings. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy study substantiated the results obtained by X‐ray diffraction and elemental analysis. IR spectra showed a likely association between OM and carbonates in the organic‐coated solids isolated from bitumen froth. More organic‐coated solids were found in weathered oil sands than in other types of ores and observed to reduce bitumen recovery from oil sands.
Mechanical actuation of ion channels using a piezoelectric planar patch clamp system (2011)

High-throughput screening of ion channels is now possible with the advent of the planar patch clamp system. This system drastically increases the number of ion channels that can be studied, as multiple ion channel experiments can now be conducted in parallel. However, due to tedious, usually pressure-driven mechanotransduction techniques, there has been a slow integration of this technology into the field of mechanosensitive ion channels. By implementing a piezoelectric quartz substrate into a planar patch clamp system, we show that the patch clamp substrate itself can be used to mechanically actuate ion channels. The piezoelectric substrate transduces an external, applied electric field into a mechanical tension, so precise actuation of the membrane can be accomplished. By applying this electric field only to the outer edges of the substrate, no ulterior electric field is created in the vicinity of the membrane during actuation. Further, with resonant frequencies ranging from 1 kHz to 200 MHz, quartz substrates can be used to apply a wide range of time-varying tensions to cell membranes. This will allow for new and instructive investigations into the dynamic mechanotransductive properties of ion channels.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 2H‐Chromenes Using Potassium Vinyltrifluoroborates. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The reactions of highly fluorinated organic compounds. Part VI. Octafluorocyclohexa-1 : 3- and -1 : 4-diene and difluoromalonic acid (1954)

D. E. M. Evans and J. C. Tatlow, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 3779 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540003779
A Semantically Adaptable Integrated Visualization and Natural Exploration of Multi-scale Biomedical Data (2015)

The exploration of biomedical data which involves heterogeneous sources coming from different spatial scales and medical domains is a challenging topic in current research. In this work, we combine efforts regarding multi-scale visualization, multimodal interaction and knowledge formalization for the exploration of multi-scale biomedical data. The knowledge formalization stores and organizes the information sources, the integrated visualization captures all relevant information for the domain expertise of the user and the multimodal interaction provides a natural exploration. We present a concrete example of use of the proposed exploratory system designed for a biologist investigating multi-scale pathologies.
Design of photonic crystal fibers for dispersion-related applications (2003)

A general procedure for design of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with desirable dispersion properties is presented. The design model is based on the combination of a rigorous vector mode solver and a scaling transformation for the dispersion properties of the PCFs. In comparison with the conventional design method, the new design procedure is more efficient and can be readily automated for the purpose of design optimization. Several applications of the design procedure, e.g., the design optimization for dispersion shifted fibers, dispersion flattened fibers, and dispersion compensation fibers, are demonstrated and discussed.
Tumor Targeting of Protein Through Poly(ethylene glycol) Conjugation with Metal Coordination (2010)

The objective of this study is to introduce a new and simple conjugation method of protein with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based on metal coordination. A chelating residue N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-lysine (NTA) was chemically introduced into one terminal of PEG with another terminal of methoxy group (MeO-PEG). Cu2+ or Zn2+ ions were chelated into the NTA residue of MeO-PEG-NTA prepared. Chromatographic experiments revealed that transferrin (Tf) was conjugated to the MeO-PEG-NTA based on Cu2+ ions coordination. The amount of PEG conjugated increased with an increase in that added. Fluorescently labeled Tf was conjugated by the MeO-PEG-NTA with Cu2+ or Zn2+ coordination and injected intravenously into tumor-bearing mice. The Tf conjugated with the MeO-PEG-NTA based on Cu2+ coordination was accumulated in the tumor site to a significantly great extent compared with the free Tf and Tf conjugated with the Zn2+ coordinated MeO-PEG-NTA. A body distribution assay with radiolabeled Tf demonstrated that PEG conjugation with Cu2+ coordination enabled Tf to prolong the blood circulation and enhance the tumor accumulation. When interferon (IFN) was conjugated with the Cu(2+)-coordinated MeO-PEG-NTA and subcutaneously injected into tumor-bearing mice, the in vivo tumor growth was significantly suppressed compared with the injection of free IFN and IFN conjugated by Zn(2+)-coordinated MeO-PEG-NTA. It is concluded that the Cu(2+)-coordinated PEG conjugation can modify the body distribution of protein only by simple mixing in aqueous solution. The PEG conjugation with metal coordination could increase the in vivo half-life period of proteins in the blood, and consequently enhance the accumulation amount at the tumor site.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Simultaneous Sensing and Channel Access in Cognitive Networks (2023)

We consider the problem of dynamic spectrum access (DSA) in cognitive wireless networks, consisting of primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs), where only partial observations are available at the SUs due to narrowband sensing and transmissions. The network operates in a time-slotted regime, where the traffic patterns of the PUs are modeled as finite-memory Markov chains, that are unknown to the SUs. Since observations are partial, then both channel sensing and access actions affect the throughput. Focusing on the case in which there is a single SU, our objective is to maximize the SU’s long-term throughput. To that aim, we develop a novel algorithm that learns <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">both</i> access and sensing policies via deep Q-learning, dubbed Double Deep Q-network for Sensing and Access (DDQSA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that jointly optimizes both sensing and access policies for DSA via deep Q-learning. Next, we consider wireless networks with access policy which implements a fixed channel hopping dynamics, for which we analytically determine the optimal SU sensing and access policy and its associated throughput. Then, we demonstrate that indeed, the proposed DDQSA algorithm can achieve near-optimal performance for the considered network. Our results show that the proposed DDQSA algorithm learns a policy that implements both sensing and channel access, which significantly outperforms existing approaches, and can achieve the optimal performance in certain scenarios.
Rotor test platform vibration state detection based on improved harmonic wavelet (2015)

Harmonic wavelet analysis can extracts the singular components effectively in the non-stationary signals. Firstly, this paper elaborates on the structure and decomposition of the harmonic wavelet, and it also proposes an improved harmonic wavelet algorithm which based on the improvement of the harmonic wavelet frequency domain features and the change of the time domain signal instantaneous cutting features, it makes the excellent frequency domain features of harmonic wavelet being more serious on its time localization properties. Secondly, this paper also introduces a kind of capacitive vibration acceleration sensors briefly which is used to get the vibration signals of rotor test platform. Mapping out and explaining the time-frequency diagrams based on the improved harmonic wavelet algorithm. Finally, the experiment simulated a set of vibration signals with singular points to express the rotor test platform vibratory fault state. The experiment proves that the improved harmonic wavelet analysis method can implement the rotor test platform vibration state detection by analyzing the abnormal signals, and its effect is better than traditional Fourier analysis method.
The role of ras and myc oncogenes in human solid tumours and their relevance in diagnosis and prognosis (review). (1990)

Advances in the field of oncogenes have produced a tool to investigate the different stages in multistep carcinogenesis. The role of the ras and myc gene families have been extensively investigated in the progression of carcinogenesis in a range of human solid tumours. This review critically analyses the data available on the role of these oncogenes in the six most common cancers worldwide, (i.e. cancer of the stomach, lung, breast, colon, cervix, and mouth and pharynx). In certain cases the incidence of aberrant gene expression and genetic alterations of the ras and myc gene families have been shown to be important in the progression of these cancers and may be of use as prognostic indicators.
Sparse Bayesian identification of synaptic connectivity from multi-neuronal spike train data (2011)

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ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION IN 14 COMMUNITIES1 (1985)

In the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program, 158,906 individuals from 14 communities around the United States had their blood pressure measured in their homes in 1972-1973. Of the total population screened, 2.4% had isolated systolic hypertension (systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg). Isolated systolic hypertension was present for 0.5% of those aged 30-39 years and 6.8% among those aged 60-69 years. The prevalence in blacks and women was greater than the prevalences in both whites and men. The prevalence among those taking antihypertensive medications at the time of screening was 6.1%, and 1.9% among those not on antihypertensive medications. From the individuals with "normal" diastolic blood pressure on the single home measurement (less than 90 mmHg), a random sample of 5,032 individuals were followed for mortality for eight years. Prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension was similar in this sample to that in the total. Among those not on antihypertensive medications, 8-year life table all-cause mortality rates adjusted for age, race, and sex were 17.6% for those with systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 160 mmHg and 7.7% for those with systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mmHg. Among this population, all of whom had a diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg, a multiple logistic analysis adjusting for baseline treatment status, age, race, sex, education, smoking, weight, pulse, physical activity, and systolic blood pressure revealed that each millimeter increase in systolic blood pressure was associated with approximately a 1% increase in mortality over the eight years of follow-up (p less than 0.05). Isolated systolic hypertension is both relatively common and a significant risk factor for subsequent mortality.