gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Velocity Estimation on the Bayesian Occupancy Filter for Multi-Target Tracking (2006)

Reliable and efficient perception in dynamic environments especially in densely cluttered environments is still a challenge today. Most of the systems used for target tracking are based on object models. Such approaches usually fail in complex environments with a variety of different moving obstacles. In this report, we propose a new non object based model to perform tracking in such environments. The approach is called Bayesian Occupancy Filtering (BOF). It basically consists of regular grids where each cell contains information on the distribution on the grid occupancy and velocity. The cells are assumed to be independent from one another to avoid combinatorial explosion. The estimation of cell occupancy and cell velocity are performed in a manner similar to classical filtering, where there is a prediction and estimation stage. Sensory data from different sensors can be fused onto BOF cells and since cells are independent from one another, the notion of physical objects does not exist in this space. Doing so avoids the problem of data association which have to be often resolved in object based tracking systems. This report describes how the filtering is performed on this grid space in the context of target tracking. The disadvantage of tracking in grid space is when the cells move with a velocity which results in a cell position that does not end in only one single cell. A proposed method of handling such discretisation by staggering the updates of the cell such that cells are updated only when the fit is perfect. This corresponds to the intuitive notion of updating cells with higher velocity at a higher frequency. Such attention focusing enables the reduction of computation burden.
Exposure to positively- and negatively-charged plasma cluster ions impairs IgE-binding capacity of indoor cat and fungal allergens (2016)

These results suggest that environmental control with PC-ions is useful for inactivation of indoor cat and fungal allergens.
Mineralogic Evidence for an Impact Event at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary (1984)

A thin claystone layer found in nonmarine rocks at the palynological Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in eastern Montana contains an anomalously high value of iridium. The nonclay fraction is mostly quartz with minor feldspar, and some of these grains display planar features. These planar features are related to specific crystallographic directions in the quartz lattice. The shocked quartz grains also exhibit asterism and have lowered refractive indices. All these mineralogical features are characteristic of shock metamorphism and are compelling evidence that the shocked grains are the product of a high velocity impact between a large extraterrestrial body and the earth. The shocked minerals represent silicic target material injected into the stratosphere by the impact of the projectile.
Younger Patients with CLL/SLL Are Less Frequent and Have Favorable Survival in a Canadian Population Based Study: The Manitoba Cohort. (2006)

Abstract Background: Detailed population-based clinical characteristics and outcomes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic leukemia (SLL) are scarce. We have previously demonstrated in the province of Manitoba that by combining population-based sources of a cancer registry and a centralized flow cytometry database, the incidence of CLL/SLL is much higher than previously reported. We have now examined the clinical characteristics of this large and well defined patient group. We hypothesized that the clinical features of these patients (pts) may differ from previous studies where data was obtained from referral centers. Methods: All pts from the Manitoba Cancer Registry with ICD codes 9 &amp; 10 for CLL or SLL from 01/01/1998 to 12/31/2003 were identified. Pts from the flow cytometry database during this time period with a diagnosis of CLL/SLL were also identified. A retrospective electronic chart review was conducted. The two databases were compared and analyzed. Results: 715 pts with CLL were identified. 358 pts were identified from the cancer registry alone, 136 pts by the flow cytometry database, and 221 pts in both datasets. Overall, the age-adjusted annual incidence rate of CLL/SLL in Manitoba was 10.5/105 (95% C.I. 9.4–12.7/105). Median age of all pts was 72yrs (19–101). Only 71 pts (9.9%) were aged &lt;55 and 212 pts (29.6) were &lt;65. The Male: Female ratio was identical in the age&lt;55 and &gt;55 categories (1.33). Median follow-up of living pts is 6.6 years (range 2.0–8.0). The Cox regression model was used to evaluate the significance of prognostic factors including age at diagnosis and gender. Older cases (&gt;55 years) had significantly higher risk of dying (HR: 4.0, 95%CI: 1.23–13.1) than younger pts. Women had a slightly lower risk of dying (HR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.40–1.50) than men. For the 136 pts for whom accurate Rai staging was available, estimated median survival has not been reached in stage 0 patients, while it was 7.2 years in stage I–II cases and 4.5 years in stage III–IV patients. Cause specific mortality and complete survival according to Rai stage for all pts will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: In this population-based CLL/SLL cohort, clinical presentation and outcomes appear to differ from previously reported studies. Specifically, (1) there are fewer younger pts, (2) the male: female ratio is similar amongst all ages, (3) older pts have a significantly poorer survival, (4) pts with advanced Rai stages appear to live longer than previously reported. This has important implications for treatment and counseling of pts, as well as for resource allocation for this common hematological malignancy.
Are 2D:4D finger-length ratios related to sexual orientation? Yes for men, no for women. (2003)

The ratio of index and ring finger lengths (2D:4D) is thought to be a marker of prenatal androgen exposure. In a sample of over 2,000 participants, men had significantly lower 2D:4D ratios than women (d = .36 and .23 for right and left hands, respectively), and these results were consistent across ethnic groups. Heterosexual men had significantly lower (more male typical) 2D:4D ratios than gay men (d = .32 and .31 for right and left hands, respectively), and these results tended to be consistent across ethnic groups. Heterosexual and lesbian women showed no significant differences in 2D:4D ratios, after ethnicity was taken into account. The current findings add to evidence that prenatal hormonal factors may be linked to men's sexual orientation.
Two-mAb cocktail protects macaques against the Makona variant of Ebola virus (2016)

The 2014-2015 Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa highlighted the urgent need for specific therapeutic interventions for infected patients. The human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktail ZMapp, previously shown to be efficacious in EBOV (variant Kikwit) lethally infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) when administration was initiated up to 5 days, was used in some patients during the outbreak. We show that a two-antibody cocktail, MIL77E, is fully protective in NHPs when administered at 50 mg/kg 3 days after challenge with a lethal dose of EBOV variant Makona, the virus responsible for the ongoing 2014-2015 outbreak, whereas a similar formulation of ZMapp protected two of three NHPs. The chimeric MIL77E mAb cocktail is produced in engineered Chinese hamster ovary cells and is based on mAbs c13C6 and c2G4 from ZMapp. The use of only two antibodies in MIL77E opens the door to a pan-ebolavirus cocktail.
Simvastatin Inhibits Leukocyte–Endothelial Cell Interactions and Protects Against Inflammatory Processes in Normocholesterolemic Rats (1999)

Simvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, has been shown to lower serum cholesterol levels and normalize endothelial cell function. Moreover, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors exert beneficial effects in coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases. We examined the effects of simvastatin on leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction in vivo by intravital microscopy. Simvastatin (12.5 or 25 microg per rat) was given 18 hours before study. Superfusion with the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 50 micromol/L) significantly increased leukocyte rolling from 12+/-2 to 60+/-8 leukocytes per minute, increased adherence to the mesenteric endothelium from 1.8+/-0.5 to 17+/-1.2 leukocytes per 100 microm of venular length, and raised leukocyte transmigration from 2.5+/-1.0 to 10+/-2 leukocytes per perivessel area (P<0.01). Similar results were obtained with thrombin (0.5 U/mL) superfusion of the mesentery. In contrast, pretreatment with simvastatin (25 microg per rat IP) significantly attenuated L-NAME-stimulated leukocyte rolling, to 12+/-2 (P<0.01); adherence, to 5+/-0.5 leukocytes per 100 microm (P<0.01); and leukocyte transmigration, to 3.5+/-1.5 leukocytes per perivessel area (P<0.01). Similar results were obtained in thrombin-superfused mesenteries. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated significantly increased P-selectin expression on the mesenteric venular endothelium after superfusion with either L-NAME (P<0.01) or thrombin (P<0.01), which was significantly attenuated by simvastatin. These results clearly demonstrate that simvastatin is a potent and effective endothelium-protective agent that reduces leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions independently of its well-known lipid-lowering effects. This effect was found to be at least partially mediated via downregulation of P-selectin expression on the microvascular endothelium. Thus, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors like simvastatin have important anti-inflammatory effects besides their well-known lipid-lowering action.
Translational errors as an early event in prion conversion. (2001)

A prion is an infectious, altered form of a cellular protein which can self-propagate and affect normal phenotype. Prion conversion has been observed for mammalian and yeast proteins but molecular mechanisms that trigger this process remain unclear. Up to now, only post-translational models have been explored. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that co-translational events may be implicated in the conformation changes of the Ure2p protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This protein can adopt a prion conformation leading to an [URE3] phenotype which can be easily assessed and quantified. We analyzed the effect of two antibiotics, known to affect translation, on [URE3] conversion frequency. For cells treated with G418 we observed a parallel increase of translational errors rate and frequency of [URE3] conversion. By contrast, cycloheximide which was not found to affect translational fidelity, has no influence on the induction of [URE3] phenotype. These results raise the possibility that the mechanism of prion conversion might not only involve alternative structures of strictly identical molecules but also aberrant proteins resulting from translational errors.
成为星巴克的“咖啡大师”——新推出的应用程序更便于你选择最好的咖啡 (2016)

巴克咖啡公司正以应用程序的形式，将一个长期员工地位的象征——一本帮助其咖啡师学习咖啡复杂难懂细节的袖珍指南——提供给全球顾客。 星巴克将咖啡师的咖啡指南放上网络 这项举动是发迹于西雅图的咖啡巨擎拓展其咖啡店势力的最新招数．也是一种吸引手机不离手的新顾客、并使其忠于品牌的方法。
Humidity Aging Effect on Adhesive Strength of Composite Single-lap Joint (2017)

Because adhesively bonded joints are used in many structural systems, it is important to predict accurate adhesive strengths. Composite aircraft with many joints are easily exposed to low temperatures and high relative humidity. This paper presents a humidity aging effect on the adhesive strength of a composite single-lap joint (SLJ). The adhesive strength of the SLJ is predicted using a finite element analysis with a cohesive zone model (CZM) technique. The humidity aging effect is evaluated based on the adhesive strength and CZM parameters. A lap joint test is carried out on the composite SLJ specimens, which are exposed for four months of 100% R.H. at 25°C. The predicted strengths are in good agreement with experimental data, and the actual crack propagation is satisfactorily simulated using the local CZM technique.
Fabrication of high-Ge fraction relaxed SiGe-On-Insulator virtual substrate by MBE growth and thermal annealing (2003)

SiGe-On-Insulator (SGOI) is a promising structure that allows the fabrication of high speed, low power consumption sub-100 nm complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS). Much research has been previously made on SGOI virtual substrates with the Ge concentration of 10%/spl sim/30%, which is used for strained-Si channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs). However, no reports have been ever made on strained-Ge channel structures grown on SGOI virtual substrates, though strained-Ge channel devices demonstrate very high mobilities, which indicates that the combination of these structures with the SGOI technology is promising. In order to grow strained-Ge channels on SGOI virtual substrates, a high Ge fraction of 60% 70% is necessary. We report on the first attempt of the fabrication of high-Ge fraction relaxed SGOI virtual substrate by MBE growth and thermal diffusion. We have achieved a single crystal high-Ge fraction (/spl sim/64%) layer, a smooth surface (/spl sim/0.4 nm rms), complete strain relaxation, and an almost uniform Ge distribution.
The Impact of Familiarity on Visualizations of Spatial Uncertainty (2021)

While visualization can support understanding complex phenomena, their effectiveness might vary with the recipient’s familiarity with both the phenomenon and the visualization. The current study contrasted interpretations of simulated hurricane paths using student populations from a high frequency hurricane area versus no local hurricane risk. Non-expert understanding of trajectory predictions was supported via two visualizations: common cones of uncertainty and novel dynamic ensembles. General patterns of performance were similar across the two groups. Participants from the high hurricane risk area did show narrower decision thresholds, in both common and novel visualization formats. More variability was consistently considered possible when viewing the dynamic ensemble displays. Despite greater likelihood of experiences with variability of trajectories outside of forecast paths, greater familiarity tended towards narrower interpretations of the need for evacuations within the variability possible. The results suggest an advantage of dynamic ensembles in grasping uncertainty even in populations familiar with hurricanes.
Influence of Sound Immersion and Communicative Interaction on the Lombard Effect (2009)

The results support the idea that the Lombard effect is both a communicative adaptation and an automatic regulation of vocal intensity. The influence of auditory and communicative factors has some methodological implications on the choice of appropriate paradigms to study the Lombard effect.
Effect of mild restriction of food intake on the speed of racing Greyhounds (2005)

Results indicate that the common practice among Greyhound trainers of mildly restricting food intake of racing dogs to reduce body weight does improve sprint performance. A body condition score of approximately 3.5 on a 9-point scale is normal for a trained Greyhound in racing condition.
Alkyne Hydroamination and Trimerization with Titanium Bis(phenolate)pyridine Complexes: Evidence for Low-Valent Titanium Intermediates and Synthesis of an Ethylene Adduct of Titanium(II) (2013)

A class of titanium precatalysts of the type (ONO)TiX2 (ONO = pyridine-2,6-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenolate); X = Bn, NMe2) has been synthesized and crystallographically characterized. The (ONO)TiX2 (X = Bn, NMe2, X2 = NPh) complexes are highly active precatalysts for the hydroamination of internal alkynes with primary arylamines and some alkylamines. A class of titanium imido/ligand adducts, (ONO)Ti(L)(NR) (L = HNMe2, py; R = Ph, tBu), have also been synthesized and characterized and provide structural analogues to intermediates on the purported catalytic cycle. Furthermore, these complexes exhibit unusual redox behavior. (ONO)TiBn2 (1) promotes the cyclotrimerization of electron-rich alkynes, likely via a catalytically active TiII species that is generated in situ from 1. Depending on reaction conditions, these TiII species are proposed to be generated through Ti benzylidene or imido intermediates. A formally TiII complex, (ONO)TiII(η2-C2H4)(HNMe2) (7), has been prepared and structurally characterized.
New Synthesis of Isoquinoline Derivatives by Reactions of 2‐(2‐Methoxyethenyl)benzonitriles with Organolithiums and Lithium Dialkylamides. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bactericidal activity of chloroxylenol in aqueous solutions of cetomacrogol (1964)

Abstract The bactericidal activity of chloroxylenol in water and in solutions of the non-ionic surface-active agent cetomacrogol is shown to be related to the degree of saturation of the system, expressed as a Saturation Ratio, which is the ratio of the amount of chloroxylenol present to its solubility. A saturated solution of chloroxylenol in water is shown to have the same bactericidal activity as saturated surfactant solutions containing up to 100 times as much chloroxylenol. It is apparent that bactericidal activity depends on the amount of chloroxylenol in the true aqueous “phase” and not the total amount present. The bactericidal activity of undersaturated solutions of chloroxylenol in cetomacrogol falls markedly as the Saturation Ratio is reduced. This is attributed to a change in the distribution of chloroxylenol in favour of the micelles where it is apparently without bactericidal activity.
Targeting p97 to Disrupt Protein Homeostasis in Cancer (2016)

Cancer cells are addicted to numerous non-oncogenic traits that enable them to thrive. Proteotoxic stress is one such non-oncogenic trait that is experienced by all tumor cells owing to increased genomic abnormalities and the resulting synthesis and accumulation of non-stoichiometric amounts of cellular proteins. This imbalance in the amounts of proteins ultimately culminates in proteotoxic stress. p97, or valosin-containing protein (VCP), is an ATPase whose function is essential to restore protein homeostasis in the cells. Working in concert with the ubiquitin proteasome system, p97 promotes the retrotranslocation from cellular organelles and/or degradation of misfolded proteins. Consequently, p97 inhibition has emerged as a novel therapeutic target in cancer cells, especially those that have a highly secretory phenotype. This review summarizes our current understanding of the function of p97 in maintaining protein homeostasis and its inhibition with small molecule inhibitors as an emerging strategy to target cancer cells.
Static characteristics of soft-adjacent-layer self-biased magnetoresistive heads (1986)

The soft adjacent layer (SAL) biasing scheme for magnetoresistive (MR) sensors offers the potential, for high performance with ease of fabrication. However, magnetoresistance versus applied uniform field transfer characteristics of such sensors can exhibit complex, hysteretic behavior. We will show two causes from which these effects can arise: electrical shorting between MR and SAL elements, and misalignment between the easy axes of the MR and the SAL and the sense current direction. These problems can be diagnosed and distinguished by examination of the current dependence of the magnetoresistance vs. applied uniform field characteristic. The sensitivity to misalignment can be overcome with a small easy-axis field.
Solid-phase enrichment and analysis of electrophilic natural products (2017)

In search for new natural products, which may lead to the development of new drugs for all kind of applications, novel methods are needed. Here we describe the identification of electrophilic natural products in crude extracts via their reactivity against azide as a nucleophile followed by their subsequent enrichment using a cleavable azide-reactive resin (CARR). Using this approach, natural products carrying epoxides and α,β-unsaturated enones as well as several unknown compounds were identified in crude extracts from entomopathogenic <i>Photorhabdus</i> bacteria.
Enhanced Scratch Performance of Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Composite Coatings Reinforced with BN Nanoplatelets (2020)

In recent years, research on hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings has been driven by the demands of clinical applications. However, the intrinsic brittleness of HA limits its potential in the use for the load-bearing implant. To improve mechanical properties of the HA coating itself, a HA composite coating reinforced with hexagonal boron nitride nanoplatelets (BNNP) was fabricated using plasma spray, and its scratch behavior was investigated in this research. Typical brittle fractures such as microcracks both in and beyond the residual groove and material chipping were observed in the HA coating, while stronger and tougher BNNP/HA coatings exhibited a dominant role in protecting them from scratch damage through resisting plastic deformation and brittle microfracturing. Moreover, easier grain sliding within a splat and splat sliding at the splat boundaries due to the presence of BNNPs, and the nature porosity at different length scales of the as-sprayed HA composite coatings would provide significant self-lubricating effects to reduce the lateral force during scratching and alleviate the contact damage. Therefore, the addition of BNNPs renders HA coating with low scratch friction and enhanced tolerance to surface damage, which is naturally beneficial for the long-term durability and reliability of the implants.
Inflammation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Initiated in Response to Pressure Overload by Ca 2+ /Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II δ Signaling in Cardiomyocytes Are Essential for Adverse Cardiac Remodeling (2018)

Activation of CaMKIIδ in response to pressure overload triggers inflammatory gene expression and activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome in CMs. These responses provide signals for macrophage recruitment, fibrosis, and myocardial dysfunction in the heart. Our work suggests the importance of targeting early inflammatory responses induced by CM CaMKIIδ signaling to prevent progression to heart failure.
Thrombosis of the Deep Leg Veins Due to Prolonged Sitting (1954)

"SPONTANEOUS" thrombosis, according to DeCamp, Landry, Ochsner and DeBakey,1 represents between 4 and 5 per cent of all venous thrombosis in the limbs (the lower limbs almost exclusively). The very word indicates that the conditions under which the disease occurs in ambulatory persons have not been recognized. How sudden muscular efforts and strains may cause thrombosis in the deep lower-leg veins of even young and active men has been pointed out by Crane,2 but such an influence is as often absent as present. Perhaps Naide's3 account of thrombosis in tall men gives a better hint of the nature of the . . .