gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron and hole impact ionization coefficients in InP determined by photomultiplication measurements (1982)

The electron and hole ionization coefficients α and β in (100) InP have been determined through analysis of photomultiplication data on p+-n and n+-p junctions grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). A special device structure is described which allows reproducible thinning of the substrate in order to achieve pure carrier injection from either side of the p-n junction. By fabricating wafers with depletion layer doping levels from 1.2×1015 to 1.2×1017 cm−3, α and β have been determined over a wider range of electric fields than previously reported. The ratio of β/α decreases from 4.0 to 1.3 as the electric field is increased from 2.4 to 7.7×105 V/cm.
Hacia una reconstrucción social de la identidad gitana (2020)

espanolLa poblacion gitana es la principal minoria etnica en Europa y Espana, con una dilatada trayectoria de discriminacion, que ha marcado una identidad asociada a la marginacion social. La ampliacion de la Union Europea hacia el Este, supuso a principios de siglo XXI un aumento de los ciudadanos europeos de esta etnia. En 2011 se aprobo el Marco Europeo de intervencion para mejorar su situacion social y el ejercicio de su plena ciudadania. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un analisis exploratorio de los procesos de construccion/ reconstruccion de la identidad gitana en Espana en el contexto europeo. Mediante una metodologia mixta, analisis de encuestas y entrevistas a profesionales, se recoge la opinion de diferentes agentes sociales, tanto de poblacion gitana como no gitana. Aunque la poblacion gitana espanola destaca como una de las mas integradas de Europa, los resultados muestran escasos avances en sus niveles de bienestar social. EnglishRoma population is the main ethnic minority in Europe and Spain, with a large historical discrimination. Because of this, its social identity has been associated with social marginalization. The incorporation of several new members from Eastern Europe to the European Union at the beginning of the 21st century meant an increase of European citizens of this ethnic group. In 2011, the European Framework for Intervention was approved to improve their social situation and their citizenship rights. The aim of this study is to carry out an exploratory analysis of the construction/reconstruction processes of Roma social identity in Spain in the European context. Through a mixed methodology, analysis of survey data and in-depth interview conducted with professionals, opinions of different social agents are collected, both from the Roma and non-Roma population. Although the Spanish Roma population stands out as one of the most integrated in Europe, the main research outcomes show little progress at its levels of social welfare.
Formyl Peptide Receptor as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Anxiety-Related Disorders (2014)

Formyl peptide receptors (FPR) belong to a family of sensors of the immune system that detect microbe-associated molecules and inform various cellular and sensorial mechanisms to the presence of pathogens in the host. Here we demonstrate that Fpr2/3-deficient mice show a distinct profile of behaviour characterised by reduced anxiety in the marble burying and light-dark box paradigms, increased exploratory behaviour in an open-field, together with superior performance on a novel object recognition test. Pharmacological blockade with a formyl peptide receptor antagonist, Boc2, in wild type mice reproduced most of the behavioural changes observed in the Fpr2/3(-/-) mice, including a significant improvement in novel object discrimination and reduced anxiety in a light/dark shuttle test. These effects were associated with reduced FPR signalling in the gut as shown by the significant reduction in the levels of p-p38. Collectively, these findings suggest that homeostatic FPR signalling exerts a modulatory effect on anxiety-like behaviours. These findings thus suggest that therapies targeting FPRs may be a novel approach to ameliorate behavioural abnormalities present in neuropsychiatric disorders at the cognitive-emotional interface.
Ultrafast table-top dynamic radiography of spontaneous or stimulated events (2023)

Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for performing radiography. For example, certain embodiments concern X-ray radiography of spontaneous events. Particular embodiments of the disclosed technology provide continuous high-speed x-ray imaging of spontaneous dynamic events, such as explosions, reaction-front propagation, and even material failure. Further, in certain embodiments, x-ray activation and data collection activation are triggered by the object itself that is under observation (e.g., triggered by a change of state detected by one or more sensors monitoring the object itself).
Undefined cellulase formulations hinder scientific reproducibility (2017)

In the shadow of a burgeoning biomass-to-fuels industry, biological conversion of lignocellulose to fermentable sugars in a cost-effective manner is key to the success of second-generation and advanced biofuel production. For the effective comparison of one cellulase preparation to another, cellulase assays are typically carried out with one or more engineered cellulase formulations or natural exoproteomes of known performance serving as positive controls. When these formulations have unknown composition, as is the case with several widely used commercial products, it becomes impossible to compare or reproduce work done today to work done in the future, where, for example, such preparations may not be available. Therefore, being a critical tenet of science publishing, experimental reproducibility is endangered by the continued use of these undisclosed products. We propose the introduction of standard procedures and materials to produce specific and reproducible cellulase formulations. These formulations are to serve as yardsticks to measure improvements and performance of new cellulase formulations.
Biological Control of the Weed Sesbania exaltata Using a Microsclerotia Formulation of the Bioherbicide &lt;i&gt;Colletotrichum truncatum&lt;/i&gt; (2014)

Colletotrichum truncatum, grown on rice grain (3 to 4 weeks, 22°C to 24°C) produced a fungus-infested rice mixture of microsclerotia and conidia (spores) in a ratio of ~9:1, respectively. Greenhouse tests of this formulation (0.4 to 50 mg finely-ground fungus-rice product) which applied pre-emergence to 5 cm2 of soil surface, caused 22% to 96% hemp sesbania plant mortality, after 14 days. Post-emergence treatment (fungus-rice aqueous formulation; 2.4 × 105 microsclerotia ml-1, 30% unrefined corn oil and 0.2% Silwet L-77 surfactant) of weeds surviving the pre-emergence application, resulted in 93% mortality, after 14 days. Based on greenhouse results, field tests were undertaken: 1) pre-emergence treatment (fungus-rice formulation at 2.4 × 105 microsclerotia cm-2), 2) post-emergence (fungus-rice product in 30% unrefined corn oil, 0.2% Silwet) only treatment, applied 15 days after planting and 3) pre-emergence treatment followed by post-emergence treatment (fungus-rice product in 30% unrefined corn oil, 0.2% Silwet) applied 15 days after planting to surviving weeds. Control treatments were: 1) autoclaved rice product sans fungus, 2) unrefined corn oil (30% unrefined corn oil, 0.2% Silwet in water) and 3) untreated plants. Planting dates were: early season (April-May), early-mid season (June-July), late-mid season (July-August), and late season (September-October). Weed mortality was recorded at 15 days for the pre-plus post-treatment, and at 30 days after planting for the pre-emergence only and the post-treatment only. The early season, pre-emergence treatment caused 67% hemp sesbania mortality (3-yr average) within 15 days and the post-emergence treatment caused 91% mortality of the surviving weeds. In the late-mid-season, pre-emergence treatment caused minimal (80%. Results suggest that seasonal environmental conditions are important in the efficacy of this C. truncatum-rice product formulation when applied pre- or post-emergence to this onerous weed.
Evaluation of the efficacy of RUTI and ID93/GLA-SE vaccines in\n tuberculosis treatment: in silico trial through UISS-TB simulator (2019)

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, with 1,5\nmillion fatalities every year along with potential devastating effects on\nsociety, families and individuals. To address this alarming burden, vaccines\ncan play a fundamental role, even though to date no fully effective TB vaccine\nreally exists. Current treatments involve several combinations of antibiotics\nadministered to TB patients for up to two years, leading often to financial\nissues and reduced therapy adherence. Along with this, the development and\nspread of drug-resistant TB strains is another big complicating matter. Faced\nwith these challenges, there is an urgent need to explore new vaccination\nstrategies in order to boost immunity against tuberculosis and shorten the\nduration of treatment. Computational modeling represents an extraordinary way\nto simulate and predict the outcome of vaccination strategies, speeding up the\narduous process of vaccine pipeline development and relative time to market.\nHere, we present EU - funded STriTuVaD project computational platform able to\npredict the artificial immunity induced by RUTI and ID93/GLA-SE, two specific\ntuberculosis vaccines. Such an in silico trial will be validated through a\nphase 2b clinical trial. Moreover, STriTuVaD computational framework is able to\ninform of the reasons for failure should the vaccinations strategies against M.\ntuberculosis under testing found not efficient, which will suggest possible\nimprovements.\n
[In vitro release kinetics and hypoglycemic effect on diabetic rats after oral administration of insulin loaded nanoparticles]. (1998)

The insulin-loaded polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles (INS-NP) were made with Dextran 70 as the stabilizer. The mean diameter of INS-NP was 252.4 nm with a poly dispersity of 0.005. The associating ratio of insulin to the nanoparticles reached 70.1% +/- 2.3%, while the loading capacity was 0.14 u.mg-1. Studies on in vitro release kinetics showed that release profiles can be well modelled using a biexponential function. The burst effect was obvious, and a faster release was observed in acidic media. After various doses of INS-NP were intragastrically given to diabetic rats, significant decrease of glucose level was achieved in the 10 and 20 u.kg-1 groups, with no significant difference between these two doses. The relative bioavailability after p.o. administration of INS-NP 10 u.kg-1 over s.c. administration of insulin solution 1 u.kg-1 was 7.58% calculated by the area over the curve of glucose level (%) versus time profiles. The correlation was obvious between the % of insulin released at pH 7.0 and the % of glucose decreased within the first 7 hours. Hence, an oral insulin preparation with rather high bioavailability was provided in this study, and its shorter effective time will make it more convenient for the control of the glucose level in clinics.
Structural and functional divergence of a nuclear receptor of the RXR family from the trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni (2000)

We describe the cloning and functional characterization of Schistosoma mansoni retinoid-X-receptor (SmRXR; NR2B4-B), a novel member of the nuclear receptor superfamily from S. mansoni, a homologue of vertebrate retinoid-X-receptor. The DNA-binding C domain of SmRXR shows 80% sequence identity to both human RXRalpha and Drosophila ultraspiracle (USP), but a much lower level of conservation of the ligand-binding E domain (22-25% identity). Phylogenetic analysis places SmRXR within the RXR group as an early offshoot of this clade. SmRXR mRNA is expressed at all life-cycle stages but at higher levels in the free-living larval stages. However, the SmRXR protein is expressed at markedly different levels, being almost absent from eggs while present at the highest concentration in schistosomula. Recombinant SmRXR fails to bind to the consensus direct repeat response elements, either alone, or as a heterodimer with mouse retinoic acid receptor alpha or the Drosophila ecdysone receptor. However, the use of chimaeric constructions shows that the C domain of SmRXR will bind to conventional response elements as a heterodimer, and that its specificity is modified by the presence of the D and E domains. In accordance with these results, native SmRXR failed to transactivate the transcription of a reporter gene after cotransfection of mammalian cell lines.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis and Clinical Outcome of Eight Dogs With Eosinophilic Meningoencephalomyelitis (1989)

Eight dogs, 14 weeks to 5.5 years of age, had signs of diffuse or multifocal meningoencephalomyelitis. The total white cell counts of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ranged from 11 to 5,550 cells/microliters; the percentage of eosinophils ranged from 21% to 98%. The total CSF protein content range was 19 to 1,430 mg/dl. On necropsy, two dogs had granulomatous encephalomyelitis due to protozoan infection. The other six dogs, of which three were Golden Retriever dogs, appeared to have an idiopathic eosinophilic meningoencephalitis; four of these dogs recovered. The significance of eosinophils in CSF and the possible emergence of a new encephalitic syndrome of dogs involving a hypersensitivity to an unknown agent is also discussed.
The synthesis of peptidylfluoromethanes and their properties as inhibitors of serine proteinases and cysteine proteinases (1986)

A synthesis of peptidylfluoromethanes is described that utilizes the conversion of phthaloyl amino acids into their fluoromethane derivatives. These can be deblocked and elongated. The inactivation of chymotrypsin by Cbz-Phe-CH2F (benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanylfluoromethane) was found to be considerably slower than that of the analogous chloromethane. The fluoromethane analogue inactivates chymotrypsin with an overall rate constant that is 2% of that observed for the inactivation of the enzyme with the chloromethane. However, the result is the same. The reagent complexes in a substrate-like manner, with Ki = 1.4 X 10(-4) M, and alkylates the active-centre histidine residue. Cbz-Phe-Phe-CH2F and Cbz-Phe-Ala-CH2F were investigated as inactivators of the cysteine proteinase cathepsin B. The difference in reactivity between fluoromethyl ketones and chloromethyl ketones is less pronounced in the case of the cysteine proteinase than for the serine proteinase. Covalent bond formation takes place in this case also, as demonstrated by the use of a radiolabelled reagent.
A Retrospective Analysis of Response to High Dose Rituximab Monotherapy in CLL/NHL Patients Who Received Prior Standard Dose Rituximab Therapy. (2007)

Abstract Background: Rituximab at standard dose (375 mg/m2) in combination with chemotherapy has been used to treat CLL and NHL. We retrospectively evaluated the response and toxicity of high dose rituximab (HDR) (500 mg/m2 thrice weekly for 2 weeks, total dose 3 gm/m2) in patients with CLL or NHL, who had received prior treatment with standard rituximab as either monotherapy or in combination chemotherapy, to determine if there was a dose response relationship. Methods: Eight patients with either CLL or NHL who had received HDR therapy were evaluated. Patients received HDR because they refused conventional treatment or failed to respond to prior combination chemotherapy. Seven of the patients had prior combination therapy, whereas 1 had received standard dose rituximab alone. Response to HDR was evaluated based upon absolute lymphocyte count approximately 21 days after the final treatment in CLL patients and PET/CT scan after the final treatment for NHL. Results: Mean age at treatment: 70 yrs (range = 57–83), males (n=7) and female (n=1), CLL (n=5) and NHL (n=3). One patient with CLL had Richter’s transformation. Patients received prior treatments with rituxan alone (n=1), combination therapy for CLL with FCR, FR or PCR (n=5) or combination therapy for NHL with hyperCVAD-R, CHOP-R or RICE (n=2). Of the 5 patients with CLL treated with HDR, 3 achieved partial remission (PR) while the remaining 2 patients developed progressive disease. Complete remission, however, could not be assessed secondary to lack of a post treatment bone marrow biopsy. All 3 patients with NHL developed progressive disease. One patient developed rigors during the infusion of HDR requiring IV steroids. No infusion was stopped secondary to toxicity. Conclusions: Based upon our findings, HDR was active in patients with relapsed CLL but not in relapsed NHL. Further exploration of this dose-response relationship is warranted in patients with CLL.
Untersuchungen über 1‐Triphenylmethyl‐imidazole, I (1959)

Abstract Die Umsetzung der Silbersalze des Imidazols und einiger 4.5‐disubstituierter Imidazol‐Derivate mit Triphenylchlormethan ergibt 1‐Triphenylmethyl‐imidazole, die durch verd. Essigsäure leicht hydrolytisch gespalten werden. Sterische Hinderung zwischen dem Triphenylmethylrest und den Substituenten in 5‐Stellung wurde nicht beobachtet. Aus dem Verhalten des 1‐Triphenylmethyl‐4.5‐diphenyl‐imidazols beim Schmelzen wird auf die Entstehung von Radikalen geschlossen, die sich durch Umlagerung zum 2‐Triphenylmethyl‐4.5‐diphenyl‐imidazol stabilisieren.
Velocity inversion based on one-way migration and semblance maximization versus fullwaveform inversion (2008)

In this paper, we provide a theoretical comparison between twomethods of velocity estimation:&lt;br&gt;full-waveform inversion based on the minimization between the recorded data and the reconstructed&lt;br&gt;data based on a reflectivity model and a velocity model, and stack energy maximization&lt;br&gt;methods where the energy of a one-way migration is maximized. We first analyze the process of&lt;br&gt;migration and least-squares migration, then show that minimizing the data misfit is equivalent&lt;br&gt;to first order to energy maximization of a migration, when an appropriated weighting matrix is&lt;br&gt;used. We then obtain, by using 1D migration, a first order approximation of this weighting matrix.&lt;br&gt;Synthetic examples illustrates this derivation. The influence of using one-way propagation&lt;br&gt;instead of two-way is then discussed.
The sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes in the placenta (1979)

Journal Article The sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes in the placenta Get access R. S. Bray, R. S. Bray Imperial College Field Station, Ashurst Lodge, Ascot, Berks, SL5 7DE, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. E. Sinden R. E. Sinden Imperial College Field Station, Ashurst Lodge, Ascot, Berks, SL5 7DE, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 73, Issue 6, 1979, Pages 716–719, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(79)90028-2 Published: 01 January 1979 Article history Published: 01 January 1979 Accepted: 18 March 1979
Contactless two-stage line focus collectors (1999)

Two new two-mirror solar collectors for tubular receiver, the Snail concentrator and the Helmet concentrator, are presented. The main feature of these concentrators is that they have a sizeable gap between the secondary mirror and the absorber, and they still achieve concentrations close to the thermodynamic limit with high collection efficiencies. This characteristic makes them unique and, on the contrary to the present two-stage designs, avoids the location of the secondary inside the evacuated tube. One of the differences between the Snail and the Helmet concentrators is that the last is symmetric (as the conventional parabolic trough) but the first is not. For an acceptance angle of α = ±0.73 degs and a collection efficiency of 96.8% (i.e. 3.2% of the rays incident on the primary mirror within the acceptance angle are rejected), the Snail concentrator and the Helmet concentrator achieve an average flux concentration of 91.1% and 72.8% of the thermodynamic limit, respectively. Moreover, both concentrators have also high rim angles of the primary mirror: ±86.2 degs (Helmet) and 98.8 degs (Snail). This is of interest for a good mechanical stability of the collector.
Activity and Stability of (Pr1-xNdx)2NiO4as Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2016)

Single phase (Pr1-xNdx)(2)NiO4 cathode powders (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0) were synthesized via a glycine-nitrate combustion and high temperature calcination. Anode supported cells were used to investigate the cathode property. A reproducible performance, within 9% for each cathode composition, was observed providing a wealth of data for quantitative studies. Area specific resistance analysis and i-V measurements between 650 and 850 degrees C showed a decrease in the cell performance with increasing Nd content. Impedance spectrum analysis suggests that the decline in performance results from an increase in electrode polarization. While Pr2NiO4 cells showed significant performance degradation of 6.40%/1,000 hours, the degradation rate for (Pr0.75Nd0.25)(2)NiO4 cells was reduced by an order of magnitude (0.56%/1,000 hours) with a 7% lower power output. Likewise, the cathodes with a higher Nd content showed further improvement in performance stability with a marginal degradation rate of 0.06%/1,000 hours. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved.
Pixie: A System for Recommending 3+ Billion Items to 200+ Million Users in Real-Time (2017)

User experience in modern content discovery applications critically depends on high-quality personalized recommendations. However, building systems that provide such recommendations presents a major challenge due to a massive pool of items, a large number of users, and requirements for recommendations to be responsive to user actions and generated on demand in real-time. Here we present Pixie, a scalable graph-based real-time recommender system that we developed and deployed at Pinterest. Given a set of user-specific pins as a query, Pixie selects in real-time from billions of possible pins those that are most related to the query. To generate recommendations, we develop Pixie Random Walk algorithm that utilizes the Pinterest object graph of 3 billion nodes and 17 billion edges. Experiments show that recommendations provided by Pixie lead up to 50% higher user engagement when compared to the previous Hadoop-based production system. Furthermore, we develop a graph pruning strategy at that leads to an additional 58% improvement in recommendations. Last, we discuss system aspects of Pixie, where a single server executes 1,200 recommendation requests per second with 60 millisecond latency. Today, systems backed by Pixie contribute to more than 80% of all user engagement on Pinterest.
Intraperitoneal Immunotherapy for Metastatic Ovarian Carcinoma: Resistance of Intratumoral Collagen to Antibody Penetration (2006)

Reduction of collagen, but not hyaluronan, in the matrix of ovarian xenografts enhanced the transport of i.p. injected antibody. Although high interstitial pressure is a deterrent to convective transport of macromolecules into the tumor parenchyma, the structure of the interstitial matrix provides an inherent resistance, which must be overcome before effective delivery of an antibody.