gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age is not a determinant factor in susceptibility of broilers to H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (2016)

In 2014-2015, the US experienced an unprecedented outbreak of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. The H5N2 HPAI virus outbreak in the Midwest in 2015 affected commercial turkey and layer farms, but not broiler farms. To assess any potential genetic resistance of broilers and/or age-related effects, we investigated the pathogenesis and transmission of A/turkey/Minnesota/12582/2015 (H5N2) (Tk/MN/15) virus in commercial 5-week-old broilers, 8-week-old broilers, and >30-week-old broiler breeders. The mean bird lethal dose (BLD<sub>50</sub>) was 5.0 log<sub>10</sub> mean egg infectious dose (EID<sub>50</sub>) for all age groups. The mean death time (MDT) was statistically not different among the three age groups, ranging between 3.2 and 4.8 days. All broilers that became infected shed high levels of virus with transmission to contacts and demonstrated severe pathology. Mortality and virus shedding results indicated that age is not a determinant factor in susceptibility of broilers to H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI virus. Previously, the Tk/MN/15 virus had a BLD<sub>50</sub> of 3.6 log<sub>10</sub> EID<sub>50</sub> and MDT of 2 days in White Leghorn chickens and a BLD<sub>50</sub> of 5.0 log<sub>10</sub> EID<sub>50</sub> and MDT of 5.9 days in turkeys, suggesting that the broiler breed is less susceptible to Midwestern H5N2 virus than the layer breed but similarly susceptible to turkeys. Therefore, genetic resistance of broilers to infection may have accounted only partially for the lack of affected broiler farms in the Midwestern outbreaks, with other contributing factors such as fewer outside to on farm exposure to contacts, type of production management system or enhanced biosecurity.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Oxasilacyclopentane Acetals: Application of the “Inside Attack” Model for Reactions of Five‐Membered Ring Oxocarbenium Ions. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Psychological and sociodemographic predictors of premature discontinuation of a 1-year multimodal outpatient weight-reduction program: an attrition analysis (2012)

The results are discussed in light of previous findings and with regard to whether the modules of the weight-reduction program should be adapted.
Embedded Tutorial ET1: Pole-Zero Analysis of Low-Dropout (LDO) Regulators: A Tutorial Overview (2012)

Summary form only given: We discuss the low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator pole-zero analysis in this tutorial. A priori knowledge of poles and zeros assist in choosing the right topology and appropriate frequency compensation techniques before implementing the transistor level design, as the location of poles move with output load current. The objective of this tutorial is to provide a step-by-step procedure for analyzing poles and zeros in LDO regulators. To this end, two recent state-of-the-art LDO regulators from the literature are analyzed, explaining several intricacies involved. We explain step-by-step procedure in developing the small-signal model, breaking the voltage/current loop and techniques for quickly arriving at simple and approximate pole-zero equations. During the process, several frequency compensation techniques are elucidated. The derived analytic expressions for poles and zeros help in developing intuition of circuit behavior.
Electrophysiology and Structural Connectivity of the Posterior Hypothalamic Region: Much to Learn From a Rare Indication of Deep Brain Stimulation (2020)

Cluster headache (CH) is among the most common and debilitating autonomic cephalalgias. We characterize clinical outcomes of deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the posterior hypothalamic region through a novel analysis of the electrophysiological topography and tractography-based structural connectivity. The left posterior hypothalamus was targeted ipsilateral to the refractory CH symptoms. Intraoperatively, field potentials were captured in 1 mm depth increments. Whole-brain probabilistic tractography was conducted to assess the structural connectivity of the estimated volume of activated tissue (VAT) associated with therapeutic response. Stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic region led to the resolution of CH symptoms, and this benefit has persisted for 1.5-years post-surgically. Active contacts were within the posterior hypothalamus and dorsoposterior border of the ventral anterior thalamus (VAp). Delta- (3 Hz) and alpha-band (8 Hz) powers increased and peaked with proximity to the posterior hypothalamus. In the posterior hypothalamus, the delta-band phase was coupled to beta-band amplitude, the latter of which has been shown to increase during CH attacks. Finally, we identified that the VAT encompassing these regions had a high proportion of streamlines of pain processing regions, including the insula, anterior cingulate gyrus, inferior parietal lobe, precentral gyrus, and the brainstem. Our unique case study of posterior hypothalamic region DBS supports durable efficacy and provides a platform using electrophysiological topography and structural connectivity, to improve mechanistic understanding of CH and this promising therapy.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a sustained-release once-a-day formulation of the novel antihypertensive drug MT-1207 (2021)

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic cardiovascular disorders. Sustained-release formulations are developed to maintain drug therapeutic levels throughout the treatment of hypertension, to promote patient compliance and improve patient outcomes. We have developed and tested in <i>in vivo</i> trials a once-a-day tablet formulation for the novel antihypertensive drug MT-1207. The tablets based upon a hydrophilic polymer matrix underwent post-compression parameter and physicochemical characterisations, along with <i>in vitro</i> drug release testing. The most promising formulation containing 31% w/w HPMC K15M gave a 24-hour release of MT-1207 with an almost constant release rate up to 20 hours. Follow in <i>in vivo</i> studies were carried out in Beagle dogs for the optimised sustained-release tablets in comparison to immediate-release tablets. The results showed that a sustained release of MT-1207 from the new formulation was achieved with a drug t<sub>1/2</sub> 2-2.5 times longer than the immediate-release tablets. Moreover, the AUC<sub>0-24h</sub> values of both sustained- and immediate-release tablets were identical at the same dose of 30 mg, indicating that the same amount of drug was absorbed in each case. For treatments based upon MT-1207, this development is significant for future commercial exploitation via scale-up and further trials, and for improved patient outcomes.
Determining the Foraging Range and Origin of Resurgence After Treatment of Argentine Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Urban Areas (2003)

The foraging range and distribution of Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), colonies in urban areas of southern California extended at least 61 m (200 feet) from feeding stations and structures. Ants were fed at 25% sucrose feeding stations containing 0.01% fluorescent brighter (FB28). Within 14 d, from 77-90% of the ants sampled next to the feeding stations were positive for FB28. The percentage of ants with FB28 declined gradually to approximately 55% 61 m away from the feeding station. The percentage of marked ants in the controls didn't change over the 4-wk-test period. There were approximately 290,000 ants visiting the monitored stations each night before treatments. The 0.0001% fipronil baits and 0.06% fipronil SC sprays provided significant reductions in at least 4 wk. The percentage of ants marked with FB28 decreased significantly in both bait and spray treatments over 4 wk suggesting that the resurgence of ants in treated areas were because of immigration from untreated areas. It is likely that much larger areas will need to be treated to control Argentine ants in urban settings, especially if baits are being used.
Fusion Modeling Method of Car-Following Characteristics (2019)

Car-following model is indispensable to evaluate the characteristics of car-following behaviors. Through an analysis and comparison of data-driven and theoretically driven car-following models, it shows that the data-driven model has poor interpretability and high quality of training data set is required, while for the theoretical-driven model, it is unable to describe the individualized features and models of the driver so as to a low model accuracy. To solve the problem, a novel modelling method is proposed using adaptive Kalman filter algorithm to integrate the long-short-time memory neural network (LSTM) data-driven model with the IDM theoretical-driven model to build the car-following model. Test results of real driving data from a single driver prove that the fusion car-following model has higher accuracy than a single model, while at the same time highlighting the driver's personality compared to the IDM model. Besides, it improves the generalization ability of the traditional data model, which is reflected by better fitting in the extreme case (for example, the stable state when the acceleration, velocity is zero). Finally, the trajectory simulation results show that the proposed integrated data-driven car-following model can better simulate the micro-traffic behavior of car following.
Real-time 6D stereo Visual Odometry with non-overlapping fields of view (2012)

In this paper, we present a framework for 6D absolute scale motion and structure estimation of a multi-camera system in challenging indoor environments. It operates in real-time and employs information from two cameras with non-overlapping fields of view. Monocular Visual Odometry supplying up-to-scale 6D motion information is carried out in each of the cameras, and the metric scale is recovered via a linear solution by imposing the known static transformation between both sensors. The redundancy in the motion estimates is finally exploited by a statistical fusion to an optimal 6D metric result. The proposed technique is robust to outliers and able to continuously deliver a reasonable measurement of the scale factor. The quality of the framework is demonstrated by a concise evaluation on indoor datasets, including a comparison to accurate ground truth data provided by an external motion tracking system.
Direct C−H Trifluoromethylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions (2018)

Abstract Disclosed herein is a direct C−H trifluoromethylation of quinoxalin‐2(1 H )‐ones with sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate. This protocol affords a series of 3‐trifluoromethylquinoxalin‐2(1 H )‐one derivatives in moderate to excellent yields under transition‐metal‐free conditions. The present methodology features utilization of the inexpensive trifluoromethyl source without transition‐metal‐catalysts, mild reaction conditions and high functional group tolerance, which promises a convenient and efficient access to pharmaceutically interesting quinoxalinones. magnified image
High‐Throughput Screening Applied to Process Development (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction General Automation and Experimental Design High-throughput Process Development Case Studies High-throughput Combinatorial Process Discovery Route Scouting, Screening, Optimization, and Validation Miscellaneous Summary and Outlook Acknowledgments References
Global Improvement in Genotyping of Human Papillomavirus DNA: the 2011 HPV LabNet International Proficiency Study (2013)

Accurate and internationally comparable human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA genotyping is essential for HPV vaccine research and for HPV surveillance. The HPV Laboratory Network (LabNet) has designed international proficiency studies that can be issued regularly and in a reproducible manner. The 2011 HPV genotyping proficiency panel contained 43 coded samples composed of purified plasmids of 16 HPV types (HPV6, -11, -16, -18, -31, -33, -35, -39, -45, -51, -52, -56, -58, -59, -66, -68a, and -68b) and 3 extraction controls. Tests that detected 50 IU of HPV16 and HPV18 and 500 genome equivalents for the other 14 HPV types in both single and multiple infections were considered proficient. Ninety-six laboratories worldwide submitted 134 data sets. Twenty-five different HPV genotyping assay methods were used, including the Linear Array, line blot/INNO-LiPA, PapilloCheck, and PCR Luminex assays. The major oncogenic HPV types, HPV16 and HPV18, were proficiently detected in 97.0% (113/116) and 87.0% (103/118) of the data sets, respectively. In 2011, 51 data sets (39%) were 100% proficient for the detection of at least one HPV type, and 37 data sets (28%) were proficient for all 16 HPV types; this was an improvement over the panel results from the 2008 and 2010 studies, when <25 data sets (23% and 19% for 2008 and 2010, respectively) were fully proficient. The improvement was also evident for the 54 laboratories that had also participated in the previous proficiency studies. In conclusion, a continuing global proficiency program has documented worldwide improvement in the comparability and reliability of HPV genotyping assay performances.
The Differential Action of X-rays on the Anterior and Posterior Regions ofTubifex Tubifex (1940)

IT IS well known that posterior regeneration in Tubifex tubifex occurs when it is separated with a knife at any level behind the tenth somite and that, following x-ray irradiation, regeneration is inhibited (Stone, 1932). In this paper experiments are described in which the separation was accomplished by irradiating several somites with an intense collimated beam of soft x-rays, and also some experiments in which irradiation of all the animal caused the death of only the posterior. Methods.—Mud containing the animals was collected at frequent intervals for a period of over a year along the shore of Burnet Woods Lake, near the University, and kept in porcelain pans at room temperature in the laboratory. The animals were removed from the mud just before they were irradiated. After irradiation they were kept in clear water in small Petri dishes or in the depressions of well slides. The work may be conveniently divided into two parts, of which the first is concerned with the irradiation of a very small part of the head, the heart, and the middle regions of the animals, while the second is concerned with the irradiation of the animals in entirety. The first part required that a relatively intense beam of x-rays strike a small portion of the animal, while a less intense beam, spread over a large area, was needed in the second part, so that different x-ray tubes and different technics for holding the animals in place during irradiation were employed. The x-ray tubes were of the gas type, made of metal with porcelain insulators. Each had a copper target and windows thin enough so that the most intense part of the transmitted radiation had a wave length of 1.54 Ångstroms. The tube used for the first part of the work (Fig. 1-A) was operated at 35 kv.p., and 20 ma., and the one used for the second part (Fig. 1-B) at 25 kv.p., and 10 ma. In order to hold the animals still in the first part of the work they were narcotized by immersing them in a 0.2 per cent solution of chloretone for a few seconds just before the period of irradiation. Preliminary experiments had shown that the animals could be left in this solution for over 20 minutes without injury or debility, and that narcotizing did not prevent both halves from living after being cut. Part I. Differential Action of X-rays on Selected Regions.—The authors expected that when several somites were irradiated, using the arrangement illustrated in Figure 1-A, these would die after several hours, the worm would sever, and the two parts would survive. This happened in some cases, but it was evident after a few trials that the action of the “x-ray knife” was not the same as that of an ordinary knife. When observed 24 hours after irradiation, some animals showed tuberosities at the site of irradiation, others seemed normal, others had broken in two with a survival of either the anterior, the posterior, or both.
Antiandrogenic Natural Diels−Alder-Type Adducts from Brosimum rubescens (1997)

The isolation and structure elucidation of five novel natural Diels--Alder-type adducts, named palodesangrens A-E (1-5), from the Peruvian folk medicine known as "palo de sangre" (Brosimum rubescens) is described. The structures of the Diels--Alder adducts, consisting of chalcone derivatives and a prenylcoumarin, were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data including 2D NMR. Some of these compounds showed potent inhibitory activity towards 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding with an androgen receptor to form a DHT-receptor complex that causes androgen-dependent diseases.
Development of an Index Score for Intestinal Inflammation-Associated Dysbiosis Using Real-World Stool Test Results (2019)

Using real-world data, we have developed a method to predict gut dysbiosis associated with different GI disease conditions. It may help clinicians simplify the process of interpreting gut microbial status and provide gut health assessment and treatment evaluation.
MOLECULAR MACHINES (1999)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTMOLECULAR MACHINESNanodevice with rotating arms assembled from synthetic DNAMAUREEN ROUHICite this: Chem. Eng. News 1999, 77, 3, 13Publication Date (Print):January 18, 1999Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 18 January 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v077n003.p013https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v077n003.p013newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Genetics,Molecular engineering,Molecules,Nucleic acid structure,Students Get e-Alerts
On the Design of a Photonic Network-on-Chip (2007)

Recent remarkable advances in nanoscale silicon-photonic integrated circuitry specifically compatible with CMOS fabrication have generated new opportunities for leveraging the unique capabilities of optical technologies in the on-chip communications infrastructure. Based on these nano-photonic building blocks, we consider a photonic network-on-chip architecture designed to exploit the enormous transmission bandwidths, low latencies, and low power dissipation enabled by data exchange in the optical domain. The novel architectural approach employs a broadband photonic circuit-switched network driven in a distributed fashion by an electronic overlay control network which is also used for independent exchange of short messages. We address the critical network design issues for insertion in chip multiprocessors (CMP) applications, including topology, routing algorithms, path-setup and tear-down procedures, and deadlock avoidance. Simulations show that this class of photonic networks-on-chip offers a significant leap in the performance for CMP intrachip communication systems delivering low-latencies and ultra-high throughputs per core while consuming minimal power
ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTIONS OF OLEFINIC HYDROGENS II. ACYLATION OF VINYL ETHERS AND N-VINYL AMIDES (1976)

Abstract Reactions of vinyl ethers, N-vinyl carboxamides and N-vinyl sulfonamides with trifluoroacetic (or trichloroacetic) anhydride occurred quite easily at room temperature to give corresponding β-trifluoro- or trichloroacetylated compounds in high yields. Reactions with a mixed anhydride, CH3COOCOCF3, gave trifluoroacetylated compounds in high yields, acetyl compounds being not produced.
An improved neutron collimator for brain tumor irradiations in clinical boron neutron capture therapy (1996)

To improve beam penetration into a head allowing the treatment of deeper seated tumors, two neutron collimators were built sequentially and tested for use in the clinical boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) program at the epithermal neutron irradiation facility of the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor. The collimators were constructed from lithium-impregnated polyethylene, which comprises Li2CO3 powder (approximately 93% enriched isotopic 6Li) uniformly dispersed in polyethylene to a total 6Li content of 7.0 wt. %. The first collimator is 7.6 cm thick with a conical cavity 16 cm in diameter on the reactor core side tapering to 8 cm facing the patient's head. The second collimator is 15.2 cm thick with a conical cavity 20 cm in diameter tapering to 12 cm. A clinical trial of BNCT for patients with malignant brain tumors is underway using the first collimator. Results of phantom dosimetry and Monte Carlo computations indicate that the new 15.2 cm thick collimator will improve the neutron beam penetration. Thus, the second collimator was made and will be used in an upcoming clinical trial. In-air and in-phantom mixed-field dosimetric measurements were compared to Monte Carlo computations for both collimators. The deeper penetration is achieved but at a sacrifice in beam intensity. In this report, a performance comparison of both collimators regarding various fluence rate and absorbed dose distributions in a head model is presented and discussed.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Study of IDDM 17 in a Bedouin Arab Family (2003)

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. On the basis of a genomic search for linkage in a Bedouin Arab family with 19 members with type 1 diabetes, we previously mapped the IDDM 17 locus to the chromosome 10q25.1 region. The result from a recent genome scan showed suggestive evidence of linkage of IDDM 17 in a subset of Caucasian families in which all affected individuals have DR3, indicating that the IDDM 17 locus might have a measurable effect in Caucasian populations from the United Kingdom and the United States. High-resolution SNP typing provides strong evidence of linkage disequilibrium to the IDDM 17 locus.
High-Frequency Electrocardiogram Analyzer (1986)

We have developed a microprocessor-based analyzer for processing the high-frequency electrocardiogram. It has a signal band-width of 500 Hz, five times that of the standard clinical ECG. The device is programmed to isolate QRS complexes, to compute their first derivatives, and to dilate the time base so that the high frequency ECG's and their derivatives can be recorded on a restricted-bandwidth hard copy device such as a strip chart recorder or ECG machine. Also, the analyzer interfaces directly to a laboratory computer system for additional signal processing.