gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substrate-leash amplification of ribonuclease activity (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstrate-leash amplification of ribonuclease activityDouglas J. Cecchini, Markus. Ehrat, and Roger W. GieseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 24, 7841–7843Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00284a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00284a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Highlights of Hydrogen Bonding in Total Synthesis (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Air Bubbles Activate Complement and Trigger Hemostasis and C3-Dependent Cytokine Release Ex Vivo in Human Whole Blood (2021)

Venous air embolism, which may complicate medical and surgical procedures, activates complement and triggers thromboinflammation. In lepirudin-anticoagulated human whole blood, we examined the effect of air bubbles on complement and its role in thromboinflammation. Whole blood from 16 donors was incubated with air bubbles without or with inhibitors of C3, C5, C5aR1, or CD14. Complement activation, hemostasis, and cytokine release were measured using ELISA and quantitative PCR. Compared with no air, incubating blood with air bubbles increased, on average, C3a 6.5-fold, C3bc 6-fold, C3bBbP 3.7-fold, C5a 4.6-fold, terminal complement complex sC5b9 3.6-fold, prothrombin fragments 1+2 (PTF1+2) 25-fold, tissue factor mRNA (TF-mRNA) 26-fold, microparticle tissue factor 6.1-fold, β-thromboglobulin 26-fold (all <i>p</i> < 0.05), and 25 cytokines 11-fold (range, 1.5-78-fold; all <i>p</i> < 0.0001). C3 inhibition attenuated complement and reduced PTF1+2 2-fold, TF-mRNA 5.4-fold, microparticle tissue factor 2-fold, and the 25 cytokines 2.7-fold (range, 1.4-4.9-fold; all <i>p</i> < 0.05). C5 inhibition reduced PTF1+2 2-fold and TF-mRNA 12-fold (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). C5 or CD14 inhibition alone reduced three cytokines, including IL-1β (<i>p</i> = 0.02 and <i>p</i> = 0.03). Combined C3 and CD14 inhibition reduced all cytokines 3.9-fold (range, 1.3-9.5-fold; <i>p</i> < 0.003) and was most pronounced for IL-1β (3.2- versus 6.4-fold), IL-6 (2.5- versus 9.3-fold), IL-8 (4.9- versus 8.6-fold), and IFN-γ (5- versus 9.5-fold). Antifoam activated complement and was avoided. PTF1+2 was generated in whole blood but not in plasma. In summary, air bubbles activated complement and triggered a C3-driven thromboinflammation. C3 inhibition reduced all mediators, whereas C5 inhibition reduced only TF-mRNA. Combined C5 and CD14 inhibition reduced IL-1β release. These data have implications for future mechanistic studies and possible pharmacological interventions in patients with air embolism.
Polyphasic study of wine Lactobacillus strains: taxonomic implications (2005)

One hundred and seventy-eight lactobacilli isolated from wine were characterized by a polyphasic approach. Strains were phenotypically identified at genus and species level by classical tests including the analysis of cell morphology, homo/heterofermentative character, sugar fermentation patterns, growth at different temperatures and the optical nature of the isomer of lactic acid produced from glucose. Molecular techniques such as random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified 16S rDNA restriction analysis (16S-ARDRA), PFGE-RFLP and ribotyping were used to characterize strains, and their potential for identification and/or typing was evaluated. The information obtained with these techniques was processed with the BioNumerics software in order to analyse relationships existing between isolated strains and various reference species of the genus. Then, taxonomic dendrograms were obtained, and this information allowed the proposal of molecular procedures suitable for the identification and typing of these wine micro-organisms. The techniques useful for both identification and typing were RAPD and ribotyping, while 16S-ARDRA was only useful for identification and PFGE-RFLP only for typing purposes. The wine strains were identified as Lactobacillus brevis (19 strains), Lactobacillus collinoides (2 strains), Lactobacillus hilgardii (71 strains), Lactobacillus paracasei (13 strains), Lactobacillus pentosus (2 strains), Lactobacillus plantarum (34 strains) and Lactobacillus mali (10 strains).
RAP80 expression increases the level of ERα protein (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Ubiquitin-interaction motifs of RAP80 are critical in its regulation of estrogen receptor α"Nucleic Acids Research 2007;35(5):1673-1686.Published online 20 Feb 2007PMCID:PMC1865050.Published by Oxford University Press 2007. HeLa cells were transfected with 2 μg pERα and 1 μg pLXIN–3×FLAG–RAP80 plasmid DNA. The cells were treated with 100 nM E2 or ethanol for 24 h before cell lysates were prepared and FLAG–RAP80 protein complexes isolated with anti-FLAG M2 affinity resin. The isolated complexes were examined by western blot analysis using anti-FLAG M2 and anti-ERα antibodies. About 5% of the cell lysates were used for direct Western blot analysis. Effect of RAP80 knockdown by RAP80 siRNA on the expression of ERα protein and pS2 induction in MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 cells transfected with RAP80 or scrambled siRNAs, were grown in phenol-red-free medium with 10% charcoal-stripped serum for 2 days, and subsequently treated for 24 h with or without 100 nM E2. Cell lysates were prepared and examined by western blot analysis with antibodies against ERα, pS2, RAP80, and actin.
β‐tubulin isotype classes II and V expression patterns in nonsmall cell lung carcinomas (2008)

Previous studies suggest that beta-tubulin isotype protein levels could be useful as indicators of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) aggressiveness. However, measurement of protein amounts in tissue samples by staining techniques is semiquantitative at best. Since technologies for measuring mRNA levels have become more efficient and quantitative, we wanted to determine whether beta-tubulin message levels may be useful as biomarkers. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to measure the seven classes of beta-tubulin isotypes, stathmin and MAP4 mRNA levels in 64 NSCLC and 12 normal lung tissue samples. We found significantly higher fractions of beta-tubulin classes II and V mRNA compared to the other isotypes in all lung tumor samples (P < 0.05). In addition, the ratio of beta-tubulin classes II/V mRNA was significantly higher in NSCLCs compared to normal lung tissues (P < 0.001). The data suggest that the ratio of beta-tubulin classes II and V mRNA could be useful as a biomarker for NSCLC tumor differentiation and/or NSCLC aggressiveness. Furthermore, the ratio of MAP4 to stathmin mRNA was found to be higher in diseased lung tissues compared to normal lung tissues, suggesting this ratio might also be used as a clinically relevant biomarker for NSCLCs.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of melatonin in multiple sclerosis (2016)

Melatonin is a hormone with complex roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Over the years, it has become clear that melatonin may exacerbate some autoimmune conditions, whereas it alleviates others such as multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a dysregulated immune response directed against the central nervous system. Indeed, the balance between pathogenic CD4(+) T cells secreting IFN-γ (TH 1) or IL-17 (TH 17); and FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells and IL-10(+) type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1 cells) is thought to play an important role in disease activity. Recent evidence suggests that melatonin ameliorates multiple sclerosis by controlling the balance between effector and regulatory cells, suggesting that melatonin-triggered signaling pathways are potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review the available data on the effects of melatonin on immune processes relevant for MS and discuss its therapeutic potential.
How to reliably detect molecular clusters and nucleation mode particles with Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS) (2016)

Abstract. To understand the very first steps of atmospheric particle formation and growth processes, information on the size where the atmospheric nucleation and cluster activation occurs is crucially needed. The current understanding of the dynamics of charged and neutral clusters and particles is based on their theoretical prediction and experimental observation. This paper will give a standard operation procedure (SOP) for Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS) measurements and data processing. With the NAIS measurements, we have contributed to improve the scientific understanding by: 1) direct detection of freshly-formed atmospheric clusters and particles, 2) linking experimental observations and theoretical framework to understand the formation and growth mechanisms of aerosol particles, and 3) parameterizing formation and growth mechanisms for atmospheric models. The SOP provides tools to harmonize the world-wide measurements of small clusters and nucleation mode particles and to verify consistent results measured by the NAIS users. The work is based on discussions between the NAIS users and the NAIS manufacturer.
Q2ChIP, a Quick and Quantitative Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay, Unravels Epigenetic Dynamics of Developmentally Regulated Genes in Human Carcinoma Cells (2007)

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a key technique for studying protein-DNA interactions and mapping epigenetic histone modifications on DNA. Current ChIP protocols require extensive sample handling and large cell numbers. We developed a quick and quantitative (Q(2))ChIP assay suitable for histone and transcription factor immunoprecipitation from chromatin amounts equivalent to as few as 100 cells. DNA-protein cross-linking in suspension in presence of butyrate, elimination of background chromatin through a tube shift after washes, and a combination of cross-link reversal, protein digestion, increased antibody-bead to chromatin ratio, and DNA elution into a single step considerably improve ChIP efficiency and shorten the procedure. We used Q(2)ChIP to monitor changes in histone H3 modifications on the 5' regulatory regions of the developmentally regulated genes OCT4, NANOG, LMNA, and PAX6 in the context of retinoic-acid-mediated human embryonal carcinoma cell differentiation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of precipitated DNA unravels biphasic heterochromatin assembly on OCT4 and NANOG, involving H3 lysine (K)9 and K27 methylation followed by H3K9 deacetylation and additional H3K27 trimethylation. Di- and trimethylation of H3K4 remain relatively unaltered. In contrast, PAX6 displays histone modifications characteristic of repressed genes with potential for activation in undifferentiated cells. PAX6 undergoes H3K9 acetylation and enhanced H3K4 trimethylation upon transcriptional activation. Q(2)ChIP of the transcription factor Oct4 demonstrates its dissociation from the NANOG promoter upon differentiation. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to reveal histone modification changes on human OCT4 and NANOG regulatory sequences. The results demonstrate ordered chromatin rearrangement on developmentally regulated promoters upon differentiation.
ERK MAP kinase in G1 cell cycle progression and cancer (2006)

The extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway plays an important role in various cellular responses, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. Recent studies have identified a number of Ras/ERK signaling-related proteins, such as scaffold proteins and inhibitors. These proteins modulate ERK signaling and thereby could give variations in ERK signaling outputs that regulate cell fate decisions. Here we focus on the role of ERK signaling in cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S phase and cancer.
Asian Communication Studies: What and Where to Now (2006)

A paradigm of Asian communication is emerging due to the efforts of Asian communication scholars over the years, thus, it is a critical moment for Asian communication scholars to move a step forward through the process of self-examination. To achieve this goal, this essay focuses on the discussion of the present and prospect of Asian communication studies from three aspects. First, the essence of Asian communication is stipulated based on previous studies; second, the concepts of yin and yang are employed to explicate the controversial or confrontational views that show the internal and external diversity of Asian communication studies; and third, the union of the polarity of yin and yang, or the Tao, of Asian communication studies is proposed.
The role and typology of innovation intermediation in the context of technological regime and service pattern (2011)

This research aims to explore the role and typology of innovation intermediation in the context of technological regime and service pattern, especially focusing on the difference of functional roles in each category. To answer the research question concerning innovation intermediaries, the research consists several parts utilizing both qualitative and quantitative approaches of factor analysis, cluster analysis, and expert interview, respectively. In light of this research design, the results of this research are therefore threefold, namely, constructing a framework of technological regime, providing a typology and business model analysis of innovation intermediaries in terms of technological regime and service pattern, and identify the specialized roles of public intermediary, private intermediary and TLOs in university in this typology.
Distributed Power "Time for a Second Look" (1986)

This paper describes, from a user's point of view, the problems that result from the continued application of centralized power plants to digital switching systems. The user finds that centralized plants result in needless double power conversion and are less reliable for digital applications. The paper proposes a modified form of distributed power that places a low maintenance, sealed battery, between the rectifier and the converter stage of a switchmode rectifier. The system is labeled a "Split Switchmode Distributed Power Arrangement".
Laboratory and field evaluation of an insect growth regulator, 4-phenoxyphenyl (RS)-2-(2-pyridyloxy) propyl ether, as a mosquito larvicide (1988)

The newly synthesized pyridyl ether compound 4-phenoxyphenyl (RS)-2-(2-pyridyloxy) propyl ether (S-31183), which acts as a juvenile hormone, was evaluated for larvicidal potency against mosquitoes. The residual activity of three formulations, solubilized emulsifiable concentrate (SEC), wettable powder (WP) and granule (G), were compared under laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory experiment, the granular formulation was most effective against the larvae of Culex pipiens pallens, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Under field conditions also, the granular formulation was more effective both against C. pipiens pallens that are susceptible and those resistant to organophosphorus compounds than a WP formulation.
Development of prototype micro fuel cells for mobile electronics (2005)

We have made great progress in developing a new micro fuel cell (μ-FC) technology that enables the use of 30% methanol fuel solution - the highest ever reported for passive systems - and the fabrication of a prototype power unit for mobile phones with the following specifications: a cradle-shaped interconnection for W-CDMA mobile phones, 18 ml of 30% methanol solution to recharge the internal Li-ion battery of the mobile phone to enable 150 minutes of continuous talking and 400 minutes of stand-by. In this study, our attention was focused on evaluating the environmental impact of newly developed μ-FCs to gather data, which is essential in developing environmentally friendly products. In this regard, we first evaluated the effect of greenhouse gasses such as CO 2 exhaust during material production, cell manufacturing, distribution, use, and disposal of μ-FCs on global warming and ozone layer depletion. Then, we assessed the consequent impact on human health and the ecosystem as the society cost according to the LIME method. This evaluation revealed that the society cost of μ-FCs is only 5% that of LR6 (IEC) alkaline dry batteries for a 10 kWh energy supply if the same cartridge is used 10 times.
Reversal of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy following Treatment with Beta-Blockers: Experience with Tertatolol (1986)

Hypertrophy in response to increasing blood pressure in primary hypertension leads to important functional consequences for the left ventricle. In fact, the progression of hypertensive heart disease, from an adaptive left ventricular hypertrophy with compensated ventricular function to severe hypertrophy with left ventricular failure, has been long thought to be related to the severity and duration of hypertension. Antihypertensive treatment seems to prevent or minimize the occurrence of left ventricular hypertrophy, but questions arise as to whether this therapy is also able to restore normal hemodynamic conditions, or at least to minimize the hemodynamic abnormalities. This review aims at summarizing current knowledge on the effects of the antihypertensive treatment with beta-blockers, including tertatolol, on hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy. The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular changes associated with hypertension are discussed. A decrease in left ventricular wall thickness as well as in left ventricular mass has been reported in most of the studies performed with different types of beta-adrenergic blocking agents. The extent of this reduction seems to be related not only to the fall in systemic blood pressure, but also to a decrease in sympathetic stimulation. With regard to the functional consequences of hypertension, the reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy following antihypertensive treatment with beta-blockers is usually associated with an improvement in left ventricular performance. This phenomenon can hardly be ascribed to the direct effects of beta-blocking agents. It is more likely to be related to the concomitant reduction in the afterload and to the improved left ventricular compliance, associated with a decrease in left ventricular wall thickness.
[Detection of the phenotypes of resistance of enterobacteriaceae to aminoglycosides with ATB Plus Expert System]. (1993)

ATB Plus Expert (Biomérieux SA) is an expert system which has been developed to perform an interpretative reading of ATB susceptibility tests. The system was tested on the results obtained for 217 strains of enterobacteriaceae. These strains were selected in order to cover a maximum of bacterial species and resistance mechanisms. The isolates were tested on rapid ATB E, rapid ATB G-, rapid ATB Ur, ATB G- and ATB Ur strips. In parallel, a disc diffusion susceptibility test was performed with 5 discs of aminoglycosides (kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, amikacin) and the interpretation was carried out according to the criteria usually followed. Of the 217 strains tested, 122 showed a resistance phenotype. Only the rapid ATB E strips included kanamycin and allowed the detection of APH(3') phenotypes. Amikacin was not included in the ATB Ur strip, consequently it was impossible to discriminate AAC(3)-II and AAC(6') + AAC(3)-I phenotypes. 12 strains did not grow within 5 hours using the rapid ATB methodology. Not taking into account the problems previously encountered, different phenotypes between the 6 susceptibility tests were found for 16 strains. In 5 cases the expert system detected an anomaly instead of the correct phenotype, and in 3 cases of unknown phenotypes, the answers were variable. In the other cases, the main difficulty was the detection of the isolated resistance to gentamicin (AAC(3)-I phenotype). The expert system automatically corrects the susceptibility test result according to the phenotype observed.
Selectivity filter instability dominates the low intrinsic activity of the TWIK-1 K2P K+ channel (2019)

Two-pore domain K<sup>+</sup> (K2P) channels have many important physiological functions. However, the functional properties of the TWIK-1 (K2P1.1/<i>KCNK1</i>) K2P channel remain poorly characterized because heterologous expression of this ion channel yields only very low levels of functional activity. Several underlying reasons have been proposed, including TWIK-1 retention in intracellular organelles, inhibition by posttranslational sumoylation, a hydrophobic barrier within the pore, and a low open probability of the selectivity filter (SF) gate. By evaluating these potential mechanisms, we found that the latter dominates the low intrinsic functional activity of TWIK-1. Investigating this further, we observed that the low activity of the SF gate appears to arise from the inefficiency of K<sup>+</sup> in stabilizing an active (<i>i.e.</i> conductive) SF conformation. In contrast, other permeant ion species, such as Rb<sup>+</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, and Cs<sup>+</sup>, strongly promoted a pH-dependent activated conformation. Furthermore, many K2P channels are activated by membrane depolarization via an SF-mediated gating mechanism, but we found here that only very strong nonphysiological depolarization produces voltage-dependent activation of heterologously expressed TWIK-1. Remarkably, we also observed that TWIK-1 Rb<sup>+</sup> currents are potently inhibited by intracellular K<sup>+</sup> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 2.8 mm). We conclude that TWIK-1 displays unique SF gating properties among the family of K2P channels. In particular, the apparent instability of the conductive conformation of the TWIK-1 SF in the presence of K<sup>+</sup> appears to dominate the low levels of intrinsic functional activity observed when the channel is expressed at the cell surface.
Improvement of transient characteristics of AC-DC converter connected with HVDC bus (2017)

The purpose of this paper is to present the improvement of transient characteristics of ac-dc converter with a digital hysteresis current control. The reactor current detectors are composed of set-reset flip-flop, comparator and RC integrator. The proposed method can detect the peak current and valley current instantaneously using the current detectors. Therefore, it is realized that the improvement of transient characteristics of ac-dc converter. The proposed method shows that the convergence time of output voltage is improved by 90% compared with the digital average current control.