gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave Magnetic Envelope Solitons in Thin Ferrite Films (1999)

Research on microwave magnetic envelope (MME) solitons in thin yttrium iron garnet films has revealed important new physics about this important class of nonlinear wave packet excitations. Soliton pulse energy measurements and energy decay have been used to understand the special decay properties for these solitons. The phase profiles of the pulses provide for positive identification of solitons. Threshold power measurements vs. input pulse width yield the soliton order. The soliton velocity is also power dependent, with characteristic plateaus which also relate to soliton order. These MME solitons may be modeled accurately through the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, provided care is taken to use accurate film and excitation parameters and take into account the frequency filtering inherent in the magnetostatic waves which make up the solitons. Special techniques have also been used to observe soliton collisions, generate decay free trains of solitons, and amplify solitons.
Well-Defined Vinyl Ketone-Based Polymers by Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (2007)

Well-defined photodegradable poly(vinyl ketone)s with predictable molecular weights and low polydispersities (PDI = 1.16−1.21) were synthesized by RAFT homopolymerizations of vinyl ketone monomers using (S)-1-dodecyl-(S‘)-(α,α‘-dimethyl-α‘ ‘-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate as the RAFT agent and AIBN as the initiator at 70−75 °C in 2-butanone or 1,4-dioxane. The living characteristics of the RAFT processes were verified by excellent linearity agreement of polymer Mn values and monomer conversions to polymer. Further chain extension from these poly(vinyl ketone)s by subsequent RAFT polymerizations provided well-defined block copolymers. Confirmed by AFM characterization, a nanostructured film was prepared from a resulting diblock copolymer based on photodegradation of its poly(vinyl ketone) blocks.
Incorporation of DNA networks into microelectrode structures (2009)

Massively parallel, bottom-up controlled incorporation of DNA molecules into microfabricated interdigital gold contact arrays is reported. The specific attachment of the ends of the DNA molecules to the metal contacts is provided via thiol functional groups obtained by conjugation of the sticky ends of the DNA duplexes with thiol modified nucleotides. Directed flow in an open flow cell has been used to accomplish stretching of single-tethered, coiled duplexes into a linear “wirelike” conformation. Simultaneously, the free molecule end is forced to move towards the adjacent contact and can anchor there resulting into DNA-based interconnects between neighboring contact fingers. The used experimental setup allows the application of hydrodynamic flow in user-defined areas of the integrated electrode structure with a maximum degree of flexibility concerning both flow profile and direction. The developed method for the formation of interconnects is robust, shows a high yield, and is highly specific.
Correction: On the relationship between Pathogenic Potential and Infective Inoculum (2023)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010484.].
Shade selection and laboratory communication. (1993)

This article reviews some of the factors involved in shade selection for prosthetic teeth and suggests simple techniques for accurately transmitting information about the desired color to the laboratory technician.
Water waves of finite amplitude on a sloping beach (1958)

In this paper, we investigate the behaviour of a wave as it climbs a sloping beach. Explicit solutions of the equations of the non-linear inviscid shallow-water theory are obtained for several physically interesting wave-forms. In particular it is shown that waves can climb a sloping beach without breaking. Formulae for the motions of the instantaneous shoreline as well as the time histories of specific wave-forms are presented.
Prevalence of group A β-hemolytic streptococcal throat carriage and prospective pilot surveillance of streptococcal sore throat in Ugandan school children (2020)

The GAS pharyngeal carriage rates seen in Uganda (15.9%, 95% confidence interval 12.8-19.5%) are higher than the most recent pooled results globally, at 12% (range 6-28%). Additionally, pilot data suggest a substantially higher percentage of sore throat that was GAS-positive (41.8%) compared to pooled global rates when active recruitment is employed.
Evaporation of the charged droplets in the heating flow tube under atmospheric pressure: observation of the H/D exchange and supermetallization (2016)

Gas phase ion-molecular reactions, which have been performed under atmospheric pressure and elevated temperature, include H/D exchange, conformational changes, and supermetallization.
A Density Functional Study of the 13C NMR Chemical Shifts in Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

The 13C NMR chemical shifts for functionalized (7,0), (8,0), (9,0), and (10,0) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been studied computationally using gauge-including projector-augmented plane-wave (GIPAW) density functional theory (DFT). The functional groups NH, NCH3, NCH2OH, and CH2NHCH2 have been considered, and different sites where covalent addition or substitution may occur have been examined. The shifts of the carbons directly attached to the group are sensitive to the bond which has been functionalized and may, therefore, be used to identify whether the group has reacted with a parallel or a diagonal C-C bond. The addition of NH to a parallel bond renders the functionalized carbons formally sp3-hybridized, yielding shifts of around 44 ppm, independent of the SWNT radius. Reaction with a diagonal bond retains the formal sp2 hybridization of the substituted carbons, and their shifts are slightly lower or higher than those of the unsubstituted carbon atoms. The calculated 1H NMR shifts of protons in the functional groups are also dependent upon the SWNT-group interaction. Upon decreasing the degree of functionalization for the systems where the group is added to a parallel bond, the average chemical shift of the unfunctionalized carbons approaches that of the pristine tube. At the same time, the shifts of the functionalized carbons remain independent upon the degree of functionalization. For the SWNTs where N-R attaches to a parallel bond, the average shift of the sp2 carbons was found to be insensitive to the substituent R. Moreover, the shifts of the functionalized sp3 carbons, as well as of the carbons within the group itself, are independent of the SWNT radius. The results indicate that a wealth of knowledge may be obtained from the 13C NMR of functionalized SWNTs.
Identification of reservoir limits integrating seismic and fluid flow responses (1993)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993Identification of reservoir limits integrating seismic and fluid flow responsesAuthors: Wafik B. BeydounDominique R. GuerillotWafik B. BeydounElf Geosciences Research Center, London and Dominique R. GuerillotInstitut Francais du Petrole, Francehttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822479 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822479FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByInteractive Visual Identification of a Reservoir Boundary Integrating Seismic and Well-Test Data1 October 1995 | SPE Computer Applications, Vol. 7, No. 05 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1993 Pages: 1396 publication data© 1993 Copyright © 1993 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Wafik B. Beydoun and Dominique R. Guerillot, (1993), "Identification of reservoir limits integrating seismic and fluid flow responses," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 341-344. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822479 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Maleanilic Acids as Highly Selective Reagents for the Amperometric Determination of Thorium (IV) (1979)

Abstract Thorium has been determined amperometrically at an applied e. m. f. of -1.2V with fifteen maleanilic acids. Out of these o-tolyl, p-tolyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyland 4-amino maleanilic acid were found promising analyticalreagentsand most effective. Th(IV) in the range 6.60 to 2350.0 mg per 100 ml can be determined with an error of ± 0.2%. The interference of fifty-five ions were studied and only five ions Zn(II), Pb(II), Fe(III), UO2 (II) and Zr(IV) interfered. which could be masked by the addition of S2O2 3 or SCN−, Cl− or SO2- 4, SCN− or citrate, citrate or tartrate and P2O4- 7 respectively.
Rabbit whey acidic protein gene upstream region controls high‐level expression of bovine growth hormone in the mammary gland of transgenic mice (1995)

Transgenic mice were produced which secreted high levels of bGH into milk. The 6.3-kb upstream region of the rabbit whey acidic protein (rWAP) gene was linked to the structural part of the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene, and the chimeric gene was radioimmunoassay into mouse oocytes. bGH was detected by radioimmunoassay in the milk of all resulting transgenic mice. bGH concentrations in milk varied from line to line, from 1.0-16 mg/ml. This expression was not correlated to the number of transgene copies. In all lines studied, the mammary gland was the major organ expressing bGH mRNA during lactation. bGH mRNA concentrations were barely detectable in the mammary gland of cyclic females; they increased during pregnancy. These results show that the upstream region of the rWAP gene harbors powerful regulatory elements which target high levels of bGH transgene expression to the mammary gland of lactating transgenic mice.
Awareness Program and AI based Tool to Reduce Risk of Phishing Attacks (2010)

This paper presents a comprehensive literature survey and analysis on Phishing, Vishing and Smishing to exploit the knowledge in implementing an intelligent tool for detection and protection. This is a new social engineering problem which makes our day to day life vulnerable and difficult. This investigation particularly focuses on phishing through email as it has more serious consequences directly related to financial transactions in comparison to the other methods. It is worth mentioning that securing the enormous amount of online transactions is very challenging since several methods are invented daily to breach individual privacy in order to steal their credentials. The cost of these types of attacks exceeds millions of dollars annually. Many tools are proposed to solve this problem; unfortunately, the dilemma still exists. This paper proposes a methodology to develop an intelligent tool and awareness security program to address the risk of this problem.
Recursive Estimation of the Stein Center of SPD Matrices and Its Applications (2013)

Symmetric positive-definite (SPD) matrices are ubiquitous in Computer Vision, Machine Learning and Medical Image Analysis. Finding the center/average of a population of such matrices is a common theme in many algorithms such as clustering, segmentation, principal geodesic analysis, etc. The center of a population of such matrices can be defined using a variety of distance/divergence measures as the minimizer of the sum of squared distances/divergences from the unknown center to the members of the population. It is well known that the computation of the Karcher mean for the space of SPD matrices which is a negatively-curved Riemannian manifold is computationally expensive. Recently, the LogDet divergence-based center was shown to be a computationally attractive alternative. However, the LogDet-based mean of more than two matrices can not be computed in closed form, which makes it computationally less attractive for large populations. In this paper we present a novel recursive estimator for center based on the Stein distance - which is the square root of the LogDet divergence - that is significantly faster than the batch mode computation of this center. The key theoretical contribution is a closed-form solution for the weighted Stein center of two SPD matrices, which is used in the recursive computation of the Stein center for a population of SPD matrices. Additionally, we show experimental evidence of the convergence of our recursive Stein center estimator to the batch mode Stein center. We present applications of our recursive estimator to K-means clustering and image indexing depicting significant time gains over corresponding algorithms that use the batch mode computations. For the latter application, we develop novel hashing functions using the Stein distance and apply it to publicly available data sets, and experimental results have shown favorable comparisons to other competing methods.
Association of diabetes and cancer-diagnoses in primary care practices in Germany. (2014)

1604 Background: Previously published studies suggest that type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cancer, particularly in the case of breast, colorectal, bladder and pancreatic cancers. In the present study the incidence of 14 different cancer types was compared among diabetes vs. none-diabetes patients. Methods: We used data from the IMS Health Disease Analyzer database focusing on two different groups of patients: patients diagnosed with diabetes and patients without diabetes who were treated in a general practice in Germany. The analysis was performed retrospectively. The proportion of patients with a primary cancer diagnosis following initial diagnosis of diabetes (or in the same period for patients with no diabetes) was determined. The Hazard ratios (HR; Cox regression) for the risk of cancer in diabetic versus none-diabetic patients (follow-up:. maximum of 12 years) were adjusted for demographic and clinical variables. Results: 78,599 patients diagnosed with diabetes and 392,995 patients without diabetes were identified. The study population was matched in terms of age (68 ± 11 years) and gender (male: 47%). The overall risk of cancer was slightly higher in diabetes-patients than in patients without diabetes (HR: 1.06; CI: 1.04 to 1.09). The risk of getting cancer was significantly increased for patients with diabetes with regard to pancreatic cancer (HR: 2.17; CI: 1.86 to 2.52), esophageal cancer (HR: 1.32; CI: 1.03 to 1.69), kidney cancer (HR: 1.30; CI: 1.11 to 1.52), lung cancer (HR: 1.15; CI: 1.05 to 1.28), colorectal cancer (HR: 1.13, CI: 1.04 to 1, 22) and endometrial cancer in women (HR: 1.43; CI: 1.08 to 1.90). In breast, prostate, liver, stomach, thyroid, urinary bladder, gall bladder cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma no significant increase in risk was observed. Conclusions: In this retrospective database analysis, with a maximum of 12 year observation period, type 2 diabetes was associated with an increased risk of cancer. However, it is not yet clear at this point whether the diabetes or rather certain antidiabetic drugs increase the risk of cancer. Further research is required to understand these correlations.
On KANSEI facial image processing for computerized facial caricaturing system PICASSO (2003)

The PICASSO system for facial caricaturing is a typical KANSEI vision system in the following senses: it can process 2D, 3D and motion facial images to generate a facial sketch of line drawings; it can extract individuality features by introducing a "mean face" for enforcing the visual KANSEI impressions by which the face looks more likely to be so; and it can evaluate the generated facial caricature to be moderate for the individual visual KANSEI characteristics, based on the model of visual illusion. Image processing methods for generating a facial sketch based on the Hough transform are presented. Principles to generate a facial caricature and to evaluate the generated works are explained precisely, together with demonstrations of experimental results. In order to equip the PICASSO system for the feedback loop from the observer, we have introduced the eye camera system. This equipment is expected to provide a new method to extract the simultaneous individual eye-mark patterns which show where in the face the observer is watching. These preliminary experiments are also presented to show the possibility to extract more tightly individual KANSEI visual information.
Au–metal oxide support interface as catalytic active sites (2013)

The importance of the exposed interface between Au and the support metal oxide has been suggested in the literature. Here we summarize evidence that provide strong support as well as conflicting evidence for this type of active sites and the potential reaction mechanism that takes place. Evidence from three reactions are summarized: CO oxidation, water gas shift (WGS) reaction, and selective oxidation of propane. Implications for potential future research and ability to truly design selective catalysts are discussed.
Detecting disguised processes using application-behavior profiling (2017)

In order to avoid detection, malware can disguise itself as a legitimate program or hijack system processes to reach its goals. Commonly used signature-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) struggle to distinguish between these processes and are thus only of limited use to detect such attacks. They also have the shortcoming that they need to be updated frequently to possess the latest malware definitions. This makes them inherently prone to missing novel attack techniques. Misuse detection IDSs however overcome this problem by maintaining a ground truth of normal application behavior while reporting deviations as anomalies. In our approach, we try to accomplish this by observing a process' memory consumption. This is for two reasons: We expect the readings to be less volatile in comparison to for instance network operations. Second, by breaking the problem down, we are able to investigate thoroughly while still laying the foundations for future expansion. We use the observations from a given host to train a machine learning algorithm. After an initial learning phase, we evaluate the model with readings from the application it has been trained on and other applications in order to assess its quality. Our results indicate that the efficacy of this method is highly dependent on parametrizing the machine learning algorithm appropriately. A large variance in accuracy with only slightly altered inputs confirms this suggestion. We finish with a discussion on deploying such an IDS at scale in a realistic scenario.
Laser cleaving of glass fibers and glass fiber arrays (2006)

An ultraviolet (UV)-excimer-laser-based cleaving procedure for silica fiber has been developed that opens possibilities towards automated cleaving for high-volume production of fiberoptic assemblies.A selective ablation of the glass in the form of a small rectangular cavity serves as a fracture initiator when the fiber is put under stress.The position of the UV-excimer-laser-induced scratch is very precise.The system provides high-quality cleaves on single-fiber and ribbon configurations.The end angle of the cleaved optical fiber is measured using a noncontact optical interferometer system.Insertion loss after splicing is in the range of 0.03 dB, which is compatible with mechanical-cleaved fibers.
Owners’ Beliefs regarding the Emotional Capabilities of Their Dogs and Cats (2023)

The correct interpretation of an animal's emotional state is crucial for successful human-animal interaction. When studying dog and cat emotional expressions, a key source of information is the pet owner, given the extensive interactions they have had with their pets. In this online survey we asked 438 owners whether their dogs and/or cats could express 22 different primary and secondary emotions, and to indicate the behavioral cues they relied upon to identify those expressed emotions. Overall, more emotions were reported in dogs compared to cats, both from owners that owned just one species and those that owned both. Although owners reported a comparable set of sources of behavioral cues (e.g., body posture, facial expression, and head posture) for dogs and cats in expressing the same emotion, distinct combinations tended to be associated with specific emotions in both cats and dogs. Furthermore, the number of emotions reported by dog owners was positively correlated with their personal experience with dogs but negatively correlated with their professional experience. The number of emotions reported in cats was higher in cat-only households compared to those that also owned dogs. These results provide a fertile ground for further empirical investigation of the emotional expressions of dogs and cats, aimed at validating specific emotions in these species.
Aborycin – A Tricyclic 21‐Peptide Antibiotic Isolated from Streptomyces griseoflavus (1994)

Abstract The screening for growth inhibitors against Bacillus subtilis revealed a peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseoflavus TÜ 4072. Very high yields of the antibiotic named aborycin were obtained by cultivation in a medium containing soybean meal and sucrose. Isolation from the mycelium was carried out by a combination of extraction and gel chromatography. Preparative HPLC yielded the uniform antibiotic. The structure elucidation was based on GC amino acid analysis on a chiral phase, automated Edman degradation, electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and two‐dimensional NMR (TOCSY, ROESY, HSQC, HMBC). Aborycin represents a 21‐peptide that is cyclized from the side chain of Asp 9 to the N‐terminus of Cys 1 . Two disulfide bonds Cys 1 to Cys 13 and Cys 7 to Cys 19 form a tricyclic structure consisting exclusively of protein amino acids. The peptide antibiotic aborycin was found to be identical with a HIV protease inhibitor isolated recently from Streptomyces SP 9440. magnified image
Chemosensitization of a Multidrug-Resistant Leishmania tropica Line by New Sesquiterpenes from Maytenus magellanica and Maytenus chubutensis (2001)

Parasite resistance to drugs has emerged as a major problem in current medicine, and therefore, there is great clinical interest in developing compounds that overcome these resistances. In an intensive study of South American medicinal plants, herein we report the isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity of dihydro-beta-agarofuran sesquiterpenes from the roots of Maytenus magellanica (1-14) and M. chubutensis (14-17). This type of natural products may be considered as privileged structures. The structures of 10 new compounds, 1, 3, 6-9, and12-15, were determined by means of (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic studies, including homonuclear (COSY and ROESY) and heteronuclear correlation experiments (HMQC and HMBC). The absolute configurations of eight hetero- and homochromophoric compounds, 1, 3,6-9, 12, and 13, were determined by means of CD studies. Fourteen compounds, 1-3 and 6-16, have been tested on a multidrug-resistant Leishmania tropica line overexpressing a P-glycoprotein-like transporter to determine their ability to revert the resistance phenotype and to modulate intracellular drug accumulation. From this series, 1, 2, 3, 14, and 15 showed potent activity, 1 being the most active compound. The structure-activity relationships of the different compounds are discussed.
Solvents with Similar Bulk Properties Induce Distinct Supramolecular Architectures (2006)

Thick or thin? Hydrogen-bonded bis-urea forms two distinct rodlike assemblies—thick or thin filaments—in a variety of aromatic solvents. The stability of each is dependent on the size of the solvent molecules and a simple viscosity test (see figure) differentiates between them.