gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Transport and Thermoelectric Effect in Composites of Alumina and Graphene-Augmented Alumina Nanofibers (2021)

The remarkable tunability of 2D carbon structures combined with their non-toxicity renders them interesting candidates for thermoelectric applications. Despite some limitations related to their high thermal conductivity and low Seebeck coefficients, several other unique properties of the graphene-like structures could out-weight these weaknesses in some applications. In this study, hybrid structures of alumina ceramics and graphene encapsulated alumina nanofibers are processed by spark plasma sintering to exploit advantages of thermoelectric properties of graphene and high stiffness of alumina. The paper focuses on thermal and electronic transport properties of the systems with varying content of nanofillers (1-25 wt.%) and demonstrates an increase of the Seebeck coefficient and a reduction of the thermal conductivity with an increase in filler content. As a result, the highest thermoelectric figure of merit is achieved in a sample with 25 wt.% of the fillers corresponding to ~3 wt.% of graphene content. The graphene encapsulated nanofibrous fillers, thus, show promising potential for thermoelectric material designs by tuning their properties via carrier density modification and Fermi engineering through doping.
Correlation of spreading sequences combined with nonlinear OQPSK signals (2011)

This paper investigates the main correlation properties of some spreading sequences when applied to a system using nonlinear OQPSK-type modulations, since this is an important topic for present and future wireless communications. These signals, that include as special cases CPM schemes (Continuous-Phase Modulation), can be designed to have very low envelope fluctuations or even a constant envelope, making them compatible with a very low cost and power efficient grossly nonlinear amplification. We use an analytical method to derive both the autocorrelation and the cross-correlation of those signals. The resulting expressions are then applied to Maximum-Length (ML) sequences, Gold Codes and TCH (Tomlinson, Cercas, Hughes) sequences. It is shown that TCH sequences have better autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties when submitted to a nonlinear system. These results can be applied in multi-user detection, spreading, synchronization, channel estimation and many other relevant issues for the radio interface of any communication system.
Topological states of the diatomic linear chain: effect of impedance matching to the fixed ends (2020)

Abstract The diatomic linear chain with nearest-neighbor spring constants C 1 and C 2 has topologically different bulk states for C 1 ≷ C 2 . A finite chain of N unit cells and fixed ends (the first and last spring is C 1 ) exhibits two topological end states within the gap for C 1 &gt; C 2 . We investigate the effect of an impedance mismatch by varying the first and last ‘boundary’ spring constant termed C F from its ideal value C 1 . C F = 0 represents an open end and does never lead to topological states. C F → ∞ means that also the next site to the boundary is fixed, leading to topological states only for C 1 &lt; C 2 since now the first movable spring is C 2 . Within a range of C F around C 1 topological end states are preserved for C 1 &gt; C 2 . For C 2 &gt; C 1 , topological end states occur when C F exceeds a certain value.
Shielding Performance Monitor Counters: a double edged weapon for safety and security (2018)

Recent years have witnessed the growth of the adoption of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) in many sectors such as automotive, aerospace, civil infrastructures and healthcare. Several CPS applications include critical scenarios, where a failure of the system can lead to catastrophic consequences. Therefore, anomalies due to failure or malicious attacks must be timely detected. This paper focuses on two relevant aspects of the design of a CPS: safety and security. In particular, it studies how performance monitor counters (PMCs) available in modern microprocessors can be from the one hand a valuable tool to enhance the safety of a system and, on the other hand, a security backdoor. Starting from the example of a PMC based safety mechanism, the paper shows the implementation of a possible attack and eventually proposes a strategy to mitigate the effectiveness of the attack while preserving the safeness of the system.
Multi‐institutional dosimetric and geometric commissioning of image‐guided small animal irradiators (2014)

With the exception of the half-value layer, and mechanical properties, there were significant differences between the dosimetric and geometric properties of the three systems. This underscores the need for careful commissioning of each individual system for use in radiobiological experiments.
Mild reductive rearrangement of oximes and oxime ethers to secondary amines with hydrosilanes catalyzed by B(C6F5)3 (2021)

Oximes, its ether derivatives and the corresponding hydroxylamines rearrange to secondary amines when reacted with PhSiH<sub>3</sub> and B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> as catalyst. Computations suggest a reduction–rearrangement to be slightly favored over a Beckmann-type sequence.
Improved automatic keyword extraction given more linguistic knowledge (2003)

In this paper, experiments on automatic extraction of keywords from abstracts using a supervised machine learning algorithm are discussed. The main point of this paper is that by adding linguistic knowledge to the representation (such as syntactic features), rather than relying only on statistics (such as term frequency and n-grams), a better result is obtained as measured by keywords previously assigned by professional indexers. In more detail, extracting NP-chunks gives a better precision than n-grams, and by adding the PoS tag(s) assigned to the term as a feature, a dramatic improvement of the results is obtained, independent of the term selection approach applied.
Body composition and arsenic metabolism: a cross-sectional analysis in the Strong Heart Study (2013)

Measures of body size, especially body mass index, are associated with arsenic metabolism biomarkers. The association may be related to adiposity, fat free mass or body size. Future epidemiologic studies of arsenic should consider body mass index as a potential modifier for arsenic-related health effects.
Endothelial cells and the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis in humans and streptococcal cell wall arthritis in Lewis rats (1991)

Endothelial cells play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory arthritis in humans such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as experimental animal models such as streptococcal cell wall (SCW) arthritis in Lewis (LEW/N) rats. This review summarizes data in support of this concept. The earliest apparent abnormalities in synovial tissues of patients with RA and Lewis rats with SCW arthritis appear to reflect microvascular endothelial cell activation or injury. At the molecular level, the abnormalities include enhanced expression by endothelial cells of activation markers such as class II major histocompatibility complex antigens, phosphotyrosine, leukocyte adhesion molecules, oncoproteins such as c-Fos and c-Myc, and metalloproteinases such as collagenase and transin/stromelysin. The development of severe, chronic, destructive arthritis is dependent upon thymic-derived lymphocytes and is accompanied by tumorlike proliferation of cells in the synovial connective tissue stroma (blood vessels and fibroblastlike cells), which results in resorptive destruction of bone and cartilage. Multiple criteria support the analogy to a neoplastic process. Paracrine and autocrine factors such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and heparin-binding fibroblast growth factors (HBGF, FGF) appear to play important roles in the generation of these lesions. Finally, in addition to the autocrine and paracrine regulatory factors, neuroendocrine factors, particularly the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, appear to be involved in the counterregulation of the inflammatory process. The counterregulatory effects are mediated, in part, by inhibition of endothelial cell activation by corticosteroids.
Sequence-influenced interactions of oligoacridines with DNA detected by retarded gel electrophoretic migrations (1988)

We have found that di-, tri-, tetra-, and hexa-9-acridinylamines are so efficiently associated with DNA during electrophoresis in polyacrylamide or agarose gels that they retard its migration. The retardation is roughly proportional to the reagent to base pair ratio, and the magnitude of the retardation indicates that a combined charge neutralization/helix extension mechanism is mainly responsible for the effect. Furthermore, DNA sequence dependent differences are observed. Thus, the pUC 19 restriction fragments (HaeIII or AluI), which in the native state comigrate upon gel electrophoretic analysis, could be separated in the presence of a diacridine, and specific DNA fragments responded differently to different diacridines. These results suggest that the effect also is due to a contribution from the DNA conformation and that the DNA conformation dynamics are influenced differently upon binding of different diacridines. We foresee three applications of this observation: (1) in analytical gel electrophoretic separation of otherwise comigrating DNA molecules, (2) in studies of polyintercalator-DNA interaction, and (3) in measurements of polyintercalator-induced DNA unwinding.
Towards A Computational Model Of Poetry Generation (2000)

In this paper we describe the difficulties of poetry generation, particularly in contrast to traditional informative natural language generation. We then point out deficiencies of previous attempts at poetry generation, and propose a stochastic hillclimbing search model which addresses these deficiencies. We present both conceptual and implemented details of the most important aspects of such a model, the evaluation and evolution functions. Finally, we report and discuss results of our preliminary implementation work. 1 Motivation Poetry is a unique artifact of human natural language production, with the distinctive feature of having a strong unity between its content and its form. The creation of poetry is a task that requires intelligence, expert mastery over world and linguistic knowledge, and creativity. Although some research work has been devoted towards creative language such as story generation, poetry writing has not been afforded the same attention. It is the aim of thi...
Recent advances in the pharmacogenetics of cancer chemotherapy. (2002)

Patient response to chemotherapy varies widely between individuals. Pharmacogenetics is the study of inherited DNA polymorphisms that influence drug disposition and effects, the goal of which is the individualization of drug treatment. As unpredictable efficacy and high levels of systemic toxicity are common in cancer chemotherapy, pharmacogenetics is particularly appealing for oncology. Recent studies have shown that polymorphisms in genes involved in drug metabolism, nucleotide synthesis and DNA repair contribute to inter-patient variability in the efficacy and toxicity of many chemotherapy agents. This review will discuss recent developments in the most clinically relevant examples of cancer pharmacogenetics, and how genetic differences among individuals are shaping the future of cancer chemotherapy.
Harmonic frequency tracking algorithm for predicting the success of pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2011)

Purpose: Non-invasively predicting the success of pharmacological cardioversion for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) would be of great interest in clinical settings. In this study, an adaptive algorithm for tracking fundamental and harmonic components of atrial activity is proposed for extracting waveform features from surface ECG and discriminate patients with successful or failed cardioversion. Methods: 49 patients diagnosed with AF for whom pharmacological cardioversion was a success (15) or a failure (34) were studied. An adaptive tracking algorithm was applied to precordial ECG leads (V1-V6) for estimating the instantaneous frequency as well as extracting fundamental and first harmonic components with time-varying band-pass filters. Joint tracking on pairs of leads improved robustness. The phase difference between fundamental and harmonic signals was used as a measure of AF organization. Successful and failed cardioversions were classified with quadratic discriminant analysis based on the mean and variance of instantaneous AF frequency, and on the mean and variance of the phase difference slope. Results: The best selection of features for classifying successful and failed cardioversions achieved a correct rate of 81.6% with balanced sensitivity and specificity, using the mean instantaneous frequency and the mean and variance of phase difference slope estimated from leads V1 and V4. In this case, the negative predictive value was 90.3%, meaning that cardioversion failure could be predicted with high reliability. Conclusions: Adaptive tracking of AF harmonic components could potentially be used as a diagnostic tool for the assessment of future cardioversion efficacy. Indeed, an accurate prediction of future cardioversion failure could help tailoring treatments to appropriate options.
Microstructure and high-temperature strength of textured and non-textured ZrB2ceramics (2013)

Zirconium diboride (ZrB<sub>2</sub>) ceramic possesses a unique combination of nice mechanical performance, high melting point (> 3000 °C) and great high-temperature oxidation resistance (up to 1600 °C), which makes it a promising material system for ever-increasing ultra-high temperature (UHT) applications. However, ZrB<sub>2</sub> suffers from poor mechanical performance at UHTs, which could strongly limit its applications at UHT. Here, we successfully demonstrate that texturing is an effective strategy to greatly enhance the flexural strength of monolithic ZrB<sub>2</sub>, reaching a high value of 810 ± 60 MPa at 1600 °C when loaded in <i>c</i>-axis direction. We thoroughly discuss the strengthening mechanism by in-depth microstructural observations and analysis. Our discovery has technological and scientific implications for other UHT ceramic systems, especially those using ZrB<sub>2</sub> as a matrix.
Quantum control in strong laser fields (2014)

The time scale for internal motion in atoms and small molecules is determined by their Angstrom sizes and Rydberg binding energies to be femtoseconds or shorter. The binding fields for the outermost electrons are tens of volts per Angstrom, while inner electrons can be bound by kilovolts or more. I will describe recent experiments designed to study the interaction of atoms and molecules utilizing laser fields on these scales of time, photon energy and field strength.
Wave rotor to high pressure turbine transition duct flow analysis (1998)

Flow analysis performance predictions for three design configurations of the Allison/NASA Wave Rotor turbine transition duct are presented. Each of these ducts represent one of the three concepts that were chosen for assessment. The transition duct takes highly non-uniform flow from a 45 degree annular section at the wave rotor exit to a 180 degree half annulus just upstream of the first turbine rotor in a gas turbine engine. Two symmetric transition ducts were required to deliver the flow to the full turbine rotor blade row. The purpose of the numerical study was to determine which duct design provided the best performance. Criteria included aerodynamic efficiency and flow uniformity at the turbine rotor inlet. Two of the design concepts included vanes inside or at the end of the duct to turn the flow and guide it to the turbine rotor. The first design concept used the existing vane row from the baseline engine at the exit of the duct. The baseline engine was an Allison 250 turboshaft with 25 vanes in the first turbine nozzle row. The second design concept used fewer, but longer vanes embedded further upstream in the duct. The third design concept was a vaneless combined duct and volute. The flow calculations were 3-D, steady, fully viscous calculations which include predictions of loss in the duct and circumferential distortion of flow delivered to the turbine. Comparisons are made between the performance of the three design configurations using the best performing duct from each concept. These comparisons show that the first design concept produced the lowest loss, and delivered the most uniform flow to the turbine.
A Holographic Instrument to Replace the Test Glass in Lens Testing (1976)

This paper describes the development of a holographic instrument designed to take the place of the test glass in testing lens surfaces. The objective was to produce an instrument giving similar results as the test glass, while preserving its simplicity. The research performed in this project resulted in a very simple system wherein a single hologram contains a complete interferometer supplying both the illumination source and the reference. The instrument is designed to be used on lens surfaces without the need to remove them from the mandrel of the polishing machine. It is simply placed on the optical surface, contacting it at three points. Fringes similar to those obtained with a test glass are seen on a screen on the instrument. Each lens design requires a hologram specifically made to test its particular curvature. Since the holograms can be made cheaply and rapidly, considerable cost savings should result, since no precision test glasses need be made.
Nearest Neighbor Decoding for Tardos Fingerprinting Codes (2019)

Over the past decade, various improvements have been made to Tardos' collusion-resistant fingerprinting scheme [Tardos, STOC 2003], ultimately resulting in a good understanding of what is the minimum code length required to achieve collusion-resistance. In contrast, decreasing the cost of the actual decoding algorithm for identifying the potential colluders has received less attention, even though previous results have shown that using joint decoding strategies, deemed too expensive for decoding, may lead to better code lengths. Moreover, in dynamic settings a fast decoder may be required to provide answers in real-time, further raising the question whether the decoding costs of score-based fingerprinting schemes can be decreased with a smarter decoding algorithm. In this paper we show how to model the decoding step of score-based fingerprinting as a nearest neighbor search problem, and how this relation allows us to apply techniques from the field of (approximate) nearest neighbor searching to obtain decoding times which are sublinear in the total number of users. As this does not affect the encoding and embedding steps, this decoding mechanism can easily be deployed within existing fingerprinting schemes, and this may bring a truly efficient joint decoder closer to reality. Besides the application to fingerprinting, similar techniques can potentially be used to decrease the decoding costs of group testing methods, which may be of independent interest.
Implementation of assist features in EUV lithography (2015)

The introduction of EUV lithography will happen at a critical feature pitch which corresponds to a k1 factor of roughly 0.45. While this number seems not very aggressive compared to recent ArF lithography nodes, the number is sufficiently low that the introduction of assist features has to be considered. While the small NA makes the k1 factor larger, the depth of focus still needs to be scaled down with wavelength. However the exposure tool's focus control is not greatly improved over the ArF tools, so other solutions to improve the depth of focus, e.g. SRAFs, are needed. On the other hand, sub-resolution assist features (SRAFs) require very small mask dimensions, which make masks more costly to write and inspect. Another disadvantage of SRAFs is the fact that they may cause pattern-dependent best focus shift due to thick mask effects. Those effects can be predicted, but the shift of best focus and the associated tilt of Bossung curves make the process more difficult to control. We investigate the impact of SRAFs on printing in EUV lithography and evaluate advantages and disadvantages. By using image quality parameters such as best focus (BF), and depth of focus (DOF), respectively with and without SRAFs, we will answer the question if we can gain a net benefit for 1D and 2D patterns by adding SRAFs. SRAFs will only be introduced if any net improvement in process variation (PV) outweighs the additional expense of assist patterning on the mask. In this paper, we investigate the difference in printing behavior of symmetric and asymmetric SRAF placement and whether through slit effect needs to be considered in SRAF placement for EUV lithography.
Strain rate influence on mechanical behavior of a single wire entangled material (2018)

In a global context of energy saving, the ratio stiffness – mass is a key parameter for design of mechanical structures. To deal with this major concern, sandwich materials are finding an increasing use: the skins are designed to resist tensile and compressive stresses while the core needs to gather lightweight, shear stresses resistance and high mechanical energy absorption capacities. Firstly made of balsa wood, the core is nowadays classically realized using architectured materials (cellular materials, honeycombs, entangled materials, etc.). Entangled materials are architectured materials with tuneable properties, depending of the dedicated application. Several entangled materials already exist such as mineral or metallic wool; some of them are made of a single ductile metallic wire, entangled in all directions so that the final material becomes a porous continuous media. Such materials, which combine lightness and ductile behaviour, seem to be perfect candidates to dissipate energy during an impact. Compared to conventional materials such as balsa wood or honeycomb, a large amount of energy is indeed dissipated by friction coming from the numerous contacts due to the entanglement. The global aim of this work is focused on the study of energy dissipation mechanisms involved during impact as well as the correlation between architectural parameters of the material (wire diameter and material, volume fraction, etc.) and macroscopic behaviour. The first step that is presented here consists of an experimental investigation using dynamic compression tests to study macroscopic parameters (wire diameter, volume fraction, etc.) on absorbed energy.
Comprehensive characterization of viral integrations and genomic aberrations in HBV‐infected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (2021)

Our findings provide insight into the behavior of iCCAs driven by various pathogenic mechanisms involving HBV integration events and associated genomic aberrations. This knowledge should be of use in managing HBV carriers.
On-road vehicle tracking using deformable object model and particle filter with integrated likelihoods (2010)

This paper proposes a novel method for vehicle detection and tracking using a vehicle-mounted monocular camera. In this method, features of vehicles are learned as a deformable object model through the combination of a latent support vector machine (LSVM) and histograms of oriented gradients (HOG). The vehicle detector uses both global and local features as the deformable object model. Detected vehicles are tracked by using a particle filter with integrated likelihoods, such as the probability of vehicles estimated from the deformable object model and the intensity correlation between different picture frames. Tracking likelihoods are iteratively used as the a priori probability for the next frame. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can achieve an average vehicle detection rate of 98% and an average vehicle tracking rate of 87% with a false positive rate of less than 0.3%.