gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene integration into bovine sperm genome and its expression in transgenic offspring (2000)

Transgenic bovine sperm were produced by restriction enzyme mediated insertion (REMI). REMI utilizes lipofection of linearized pEGFP and the corresponding restriction enzyme for integration into the sperm genomic DNA. The transgenic sperm were used in IVF to produce morula expressing GFP. When transgenic sperm were used for AI in two cows, the resultant calves expressed the exogenous DNA in their lymphocytes as determined by (a) PCR and RT-PCR; (b) specific emission of green fluorescence by GFP; and (c) Southern blot analysis. Data demonstrate that REMI is an efficient method for the production of transgenic sperm and corresponding offspring by AI or embryos by IVF. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 56:306–308, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Infrared study on the electronic structure of the alkaline-earth-filled skutteruditesAM4Sb12(A=Sr,Ba;M=Fe,Ru,Os) (2007)

The optical conductivity $[\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})]$ spectra of alkaline-earth-filled skutterudites with the chemical formula ${A}^{2+}{M}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ ($A=\mathrm{Sr},\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Ba}$; $M=\mathrm{Fe},\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Ru},\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Os}$) and a reference material ${\mathrm{La}}^{3+}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ were obtained and compared with the corresponding band-structure calculations and with calculated $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ spectra to investigate their electronic structures. At high temperatures, the energy of the plasma edge decreased with the increasing valence of the guest atoms $A$ in the ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ cage indicating hole-type conduction. A narrow peak at $25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$ with a pseudogap was observed in $\mathrm{Sr}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$, while the corresponding peaks were located at 200 and $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$ in the Ru and Os counterparts, respectively. The order of the peak energy in these compounds is consistent with the thermodynamical properties in which the Os compound is located between the Fe and Ru compounds. This indicated that the electronic structure observed in the infrared $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ spectra directly affects the thermodynamical properties. The band-structure calculation implies that the different electronic structures among these compounds originate from the different $d$ states of the $M$ ions.
Electrochemical Etch Stop Obtained by Accumulation of Free Carriers without P‐N Junction (1993)

The formation of etch‐stop layers in silicon micromachining is important in fabricating three‐dimensional structures. Etch‐stop layers also are important in fabricating SOI‐material with the BESOI‐technique. We present here an electrochemical etch stop, MIS‐stop, similar to the p‐n etch‐stop technique, with a significant difference in that the n‐type layer is formed by accumulation of electrons. Hence, the etch‐stop layer contains only the bulk impurities, which positively affects further processing. The MIS‐stop has been used practically to fabricate a thin U‐formed silicon membrane and SOI films. The resulting membrane thicknesses are in the range 1 to 8 μm.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMUS DER FARBRK. ZWISCHEN M‐DINITROBENZOL UND ALKALICYANID 2. MITT. FARBRK.‐PRODUKTE VON 2,4‐DINITROANILIN MIT KALIUMCYANID (1971)

Abstract 2,4‐Dinitroanilin(I) ergibt beim Erhitzen mit einem großen Überschuß an Kaliumcyanid in wäßrig alkoholischer Lösung die Verbindungen (II)‐(V).
Segmentation and tracking of lung nodules via graph‐cuts incorporating shape prior and motion from 4D CT (2017)

The algorithm performs robust segmentation of lung nodules from 4D CT data. Signed distance ASM provides the shape prior information which based on the iterative graph-cuts framework is adaptively refined to best fit the input data, preventing unwanted surrounding tissue from merging with the segmented object.
Signal-to-noise ratio in lock-in amplifier synchronous detection: A generalized communications systems approach with applications to frequency, time, and hybrid (rate window) photothermal measurements (1994)

Detailed analytical models of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of the conventional frequency domain (FD) and time domain (TD) photothermal measurement methodologies are developed and compared to the rate-window photothermal method, both theoretically and experimentally. The conclusions of this study demonstrate that the lock-in amplifier (LIA) rate-window measurement mode in general, and the digital LIA mode, in particular, exhibits superior SNR to both the conventional frequency-scanned LIA FD method and to the transient, time-averaged TD method. Between the pulse-duration-scanned and pulse-repetition-period scanned rate-window methodologies, the former clearly exhibits superior SNR. The theoretical conclusions are in agreement with experimental SNRs using the implementation of the foregoing measurement methodologies with simple infrared photothermal radiometric setups.
Design and fabrication of recombinant reflectin-based Bragg reflectors: bio-design engineering and photoisomerism induced wavelength modulation (2020)

ABSTRACT The remarkable camouflage capabilities of cephalopods have inspired many to develop dynamic optical materials which exploit certain design principles and/or material properties from cephalopod dermal cells. Here, the angle-dependent optical properties of various single-layer reflectin thin-films are characterized within the UV-Vis-NIR regions. Following this, the design and fabrication of the first bio-inspired reflectin-based Bragg reflector is described, which was found to conserve the optical properties of single layer films but exhibit a unique characteristic; reduced angle-dependent reflectivity. Finally, a novel method of controlling reflectin thin-film optical properties is introduced; visible light-induced photoisomerism, representing a new class of reflectin-based optical materials.
Uncertainty Trust Model in E-commerce Environment (2008)

Nowadays, e-commerce is becoming more and more popular for trade in the real world and facing a fundamental and challenging research topic due to peer anonymity, peer independence, high dynamic and stochastic of peer behaviors, and the absence of an effective security control mechanism. Mutual trust, which enables transacting peers to overcome the uncertainty and risk inherent in the environment, plays a important role in making the prediction of whether one transaction is safe or not. In this paper, We propose a uncertainty trust model to evaluate trust which can reduce the risk of malicious behaviors. Our approach combines uncertainty and time factors into the trust model in a practical way.
Polarimetric observations of the ocean surface from the airborne radar STORM (2005)

International audience
Economic valuation of safe water from new boreholes in rural Zambia: A coping cost approach (2021)

Access to safe water sources remains scarce in sub-Saharan African countries. We estimate the economic value of safe water from newly constructed boreholes in rural Zambia. Our quasi-experimental setting allows us to estimate the revealed preference measure of new safe water sources in a causal way, empowered by precise information on water collection and distance to new facilities. We show that the share of time value for water collection in total expenditures was about 10% at the baseline survey, which was reduced to about 3% at the end-line survey, but the difference-in-differences analysis reveals that the project did not reduce the time burden for collecting water due to the greater demand for safe water. The main net benefit of the project lies in improved productivity due to decreased diarrhea incidence among working-age adults. The estimated internal rate of return of the project is not large. However, the project is likely to have additional dynamic health benefits due to the decrease in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), corresponding to 192.3 USD per DALY and 6.88 USD per household.
Design and implementation of a driver board for a high power and high frequency IGBT inverter (2003)

In an industrial project a soft-switching high-frequency IGBT voltage source inverter (VSI) system to supply a resistive-inductive load was developed. The inverter which consists of only four fast high-power 1.2 kV/800 A IGBT modules, delivers an output power of more than 100 kW at a switching frequency above 100 kHz. This high-power high-frequency product is a major challenge for today's power semiconductor modules. For this industrial application the driver boards had to be designed and implemented because no suitable gate drivers exist today on the market which fulfils the requirements to the control the high-power semiconductors at 100 kHz. In this paper the IGBT inverter system will be briefly presented. Next, the design and the hardware of the self-developed driver boards will be shown. Measurement results certify the successful implementation of the driver boards in the IGBT inverter system.
Green Electroluminescence from ZnS-CuGaS2 Heterojunction Diode in DC Operation (1991)

The dc green electroluminescence (EL) from the ZnS-CuGaS 2 heterojunction diode is described in the temperature range of 93-291 K. The EL spectrum at 93 K which consists of the only band peaking at 514 nm resembles the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. At elevated temperatures, another emission band emerges at the shorter-wavelength side of the main band. The main peak position shifts toward the longer-wavelength direction with increasing temperature and reaches 529 nm at 291 K. The EL intensity, which rises steeply with the current, decreases with increasing temperature.
Zr segregation and associated Al vacancies in alumina grain boundaries (2011)

Segregated dopants at grain boundary dramatically change the material’s mechanical and electrical properties. The knowledge of the behavior of these dopants are therefore key for further material developments. Here, a Zr doped alumina (Al2O3) bicrystal was fabricated and the atomic structure of the grain boundary was characterized using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Zr was found to segregate to specific sites along the grain boundary, which was neighbored by Al columns of weak image intensity. First principles calculations and static lattice calculations revealed that the charge compensating Al vacancies are most stable in Al columns neighboring the location of the Zr sites. Multi-slice simulations of STEM images confirmed that Al columns containing vacancies exhibit a reduction in image intensity. These results indicate that associated Al vacancies strongly influence its atomic site segregation behavior of Zr.
Localized Orbital Corrections for the Barrier Heights in Density Functional Theory (2009)

This work describes the extension of a previously reported empirical localized orbital correction model for density functional theory (DFT-LOC) for atomization energies, ionization potentials, electron affinities, and reaction enthalpies to the correction of barrier heights for chemical reactions of various types including cycloadditions, cycloreversions, dipolar cycloadditions, S(N)2's, carbon radical reactions, hydrogen radical reactions, sigmatropic shifts, and electrocyclizations. The B3LYP localized orbital correction version of the model (B3LYP-LOC) reduces the number of outliers and overall mean unsigned error (MUE) vs. experiment or ab initio values from 3.2 to 1.3 kcal/mole for barrier heights and from 5.1 to 1.1 kcal/mole for reaction enthalpies versus B3LYP. Furthermore, the new model has essentially zero additional computational cost beyond standard DFT calculations. Although the model is heuristic and is based on multiple linear regression to experimental or ab initio data, each of the parameters is justified on chemical grounds and provides insight into the fundamental limitations of DFT, most importantly the failure of current DFT methods to accurately account for nondynamical electron correlation.
Helicobacter pylori Urease Inhibition by Rabeprazole, a Proton Pump Inhibitor. (1995)

We investigated the inhibitory effects of four gastric proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): rabeprazole, a novel benzimidazole PPI, omeprazole, lansoprazole and AG-2000, on the urease activity of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Their 50% inhibitory concentrations (I50s) were found to be 0.29, 5.4, 9.3 and 0.3 microM respectively. Rabeprazole and omeprazole were also potent inhibitors of Jack bean and Proteus mirabilis cellular ureases. The thioether derivative of rabeprazole, one of its metabolites, had no inhibitory effect on H. pylori urease, despite being reported as a more potent inhibitor of H. pylori growth than rabeprazole. The inhibitory effect of rabeprazole was prevented completely and reversed considerably by the addition of sulfhydryl compounds, such as beta-mercaptoethanol, glutathione and dithiothreitol. Moreover, the addition of beta-mercaptoethanol recovered the urease activity inhibited by rabeprazole. From these results, we expected that rabeprazole inhibited H. pylori urease activity by forming disulfide bonds between it and the active site of the enzyme.
RETRO: A framework for semantics preserving SQL-to-SPARQL translation (2011)

www.utdallas.edu Abstract. There have been several attempts to make RDBMS and RDF stores inter-operate. The most popular one, D2RQ, has explored one direction, i.e., to look at RDBMS through RDF lenses. In this paper we present RETRO, which investigates the reverse direction, i.e., to look at RDF through Relational lenses. RETRO generates a relational schema from an RDF store, enabling a user to query RDF data using SQL. A significant advantage of this direction in-addition to interoperability is that it makes numerous relational tools developed over the past several decades, available to the RDF stores. In order to provide interoperability between these two systems one needs to resolve the heterogeneity between their respective data models and include schema mapping, data mapping and query mapping in the transformation process [5]. However, like D2RQ, RETRO chooses not to physically transform the data and deals only with schema mapping and query mapping. RETRO’s schema mapping derives a domain specific relational schema from RDF data and its query mapping transforms an SQL query over the schema into a provably equivalent SPARQL query, which in-turn is executed upon the RDF store. Since RETRO is a read-only framework, its query mapping uses only a relevant and relationally complete subset of SQL. A proof of correctness of this transformation is given based on compositional semantics of the two query languages.
An Electrodiffusion Apparatus for Solid Semiconductors (1969)

An apparatus has been developed for the study of the influence of applied electric fields and currents on solid state diffusion of impurities in semiconductors. Special features of the apparatus are simple procedures, versatility, and allowance for determination of impurity profiles.
Engineering high-emissive silicon-doped carbon nanodots towards efficient large-area luminescent solar concentrators (2022)

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are devices that can collect sunlight from a large area, concentrating it at the borders of the slab, to achieve efficient photovoltaic conversion when small area solar cells are placed at their edges, realizing building-integrated photovoltaics. Efficient luminophores in terms of high luminescence quantum yield are needed to obtain high-performance LSCs. A key point is the ability to engineer the Stokes shift (i.e. the difference between the maximum of the absorption and emission spectra), to minimize reabsorption processes. In this work, we report novel silicon-doped carbon nanodots (Si-CDs) with an ultrahigh quantum yield (QY) up to 92.3% by a simple hydrothermal method. Thin-film structured LSCs (5 × 5 × 0.2 cm3) with different concentrations of Si-CDs are prepared by dispersing the Si-CDs into polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) matrix, and the optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of LSCs can be as high as 4.36%, which is nearly 2.5 times higher than that prepared with silicon-undoped CDs. This Si-CDs/PVP film LSC has a high QY of 80.5%. A large-area LSC (15 × 15 cm2) is also successfully fabricated, which possesses a PCE of 2.06% under natural sunlight irradiation (35 mW·cm−2), one of the best reported values for similar size LSCs. The efficient Si-CDs as luminescent substances for high-efficiency large-area LSCs will further give an impetus to the practical exploitation of LSCs.
Structure and Self Assembly of a Retrovirus (FeLV) Proline Rich Neutralization Domain (1994)

The 60 amino acid proline-rich neutralization domain of the external surface unit glycoprotein of feline leukemia virus was chemically synthesized in total and in fragments. We examined the ability of these retroviral peptides to form ordered conformations using 1H-NMR, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and intrinsic viscosity measurements. One dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that the 60 amino acid peptide could form a stable, folded structure that was long-lived, as shown by the ability to protect amide-protons in D20. Peptides corresponding to the N-terminal 42, N-terminal 20 amino acids, and middle 20 amino acid sections could also form stable structures. The C-terminal segment did not protect any protons in D20. Interestingly, self assembly of the N-terminal 42 and C-terminal 16 amino acid peptides into a structure very close to that of the 60 amino acid domain was observed. The circular dichroism results reveals a large negative cotton effect at 198 nm that is characteristic of the proline-rich beta-turn helixes which consist predominantly of trans-proline. The intrinsic viscosity results suggest a non-random coil structure that is rod shaped. Our conclusion is that PRN60 forms a beta-turn helix and that this region of FeLV-gp70 is a separate folding domain of the retroviral surface unit glycoprotein. The unique conformational properties of PRN60 and its critical role as the predominant target for neutralizing antibody responses suggest that this peptide is a reasonable candidate for producing a synthetic peptide vaccine for FeLV.
Inhibitors of human purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Synthesis, purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibition, and T-cell cytotoxicity of 2,5-diaminothiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one and 2,5-diaminothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one. Two thioisosteres of 8-aminoguanine (1986)

8-Aminoguanine is a potent inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and also a substrate of PNP. Two thio isosteres of 8-aminoguanine, 2,5-diaminothiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one (2) and 2,4-diaminothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one (3), which cannot be substrates of PNP, were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against PNP. They were found to be weak inhibitors of PNP and to be noncytotoxic for MOLT-4 T-cells in culture.
Progress in Use of Ultra-High Vacuum Cathodic Arcs for Deposition of Thin Film Superconducting Layers (2006)

The paper reports on recent progress in the application of the UHV arc technology, which was proposed as an alternative solution for the deposition of thin superconducting films of pure niobium (Nb) upon the inner surfaces of RF cavities designed for particle accelerators. There are presented new experimental studies aimed at the deposition of superconducting films of pure niobium (Nb) and lead (Pb) needed for the modern accelerator technology. The main experimental results and characteristics of arc-deposited thin superconducting films are discussed, and the progress achieved recently in the formation of such films is presented
Functional Comparison of the Two Bacillus anthracis Glutamate Racemases (2007)

Glutamate racemase activity in Bacillus anthracis is of significant interest with respect to chemotherapeutic drug design, because L-glutamate stereoisomerization to D-glutamate is predicted to be closely associated with peptidoglycan and capsule biosynthesis, which are important for growth and virulence, respectively. In contrast to most bacteria, which harbor a single glutamate racemase gene, the genomic sequence of B. anthracis predicts two genes encoding glutamate racemases, racE1 and racE2. To evaluate whether racE1 and racE2 encode functional glutamate racemases, we cloned and expressed racE1 and racE2 in Escherichia coli. Size exclusion chromatography of the two purified recombinant proteins suggested differences in their quaternary structures, as RacE1 eluted primarily as a monomer, while RacE2 demonstrated characteristics of a higher-order species. Analysis of purified recombinant RacE1 and RacE2 revealed that the two proteins catalyze the reversible stereoisomerization of L-glutamate and D-glutamate with similar, but not identical, steady-state kinetic properties. Analysis of the pH dependence of L-glutamate stereoisomerization suggested that RacE1 and RacE2 both possess two titratable active site residues important for catalysis. Moreover, directed mutagenesis of predicted active site residues resulted in complete attenuation of the enzymatic activities of both RacE1 and RacE2. Homology modeling of RacE1 and RacE2 revealed potential differences within the active site pocket that might affect the design of inhibitory pharmacophores. These results suggest that racE1 and racE2 encode functional glutamate racemases with similar, but not identical, active site features.
Kinetics Study of OH Uptake onto Deliquesced NaCl Particles by Combining Laser Photolysis and Laser-Induced Fluorescence (2018)

Despite the role of hydroxyl radical (OH) uptake onto sea-salt particles as a daytime chlorine source, affecting the chemical processes in the marine boundary layer, its uptake coefficient has not yet been confirmed by direct measurement methods. This study reports the application of a combination technique of laser flash photolysis generation and laser-induced fluorescence detection for the direct kinetic measurement of OH uptake onto deliquesced NaCl particles. The uptake coefficient was not constant and inversely depended on the initial OH concentration, indicating that the first uptake step is Langmuir-type adsorption. The resistance model, including surface processes, well reproduced the observed uptake coefficient. The model predicted an uptake coefficient for the atmospheric relevant OH concentration within the range from 0.77 to 0.95. Such values may lead to emissions of Cl<sub>2</sub> higher than those predicted in previous studies based on other values. Hence, the proposed value may provide more reliable estimations of ozone formation, oxidation of volatile organic compounds, secondary organic aerosol formation, and lifetime of methane and elemental mercury in the marine boundary layer.