gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature Dependent Removal Efficiency of Crankcase Control Devices (2022)

Abstract Oil aerosols formed in the crankcase of reciprocating engines are a significant source of particulate matter and may lead to engine component degradation when used in closed crankcase ventilation (CV) systems or constitute a significant emission source in open CV systems. In modern CV systems, filtration or inertial separation is used to collect oil particles. These devices are highly efficient over a range of flow rates and temperatures; however, some system conditions result in a decrease in efficiency with increasing temperature in a manner not predicted by theory. Experiments were performed on a bench system that introduced atomized oil particles into a clean, pre-heated, air stream that was conveyed isothermally through a heated duct to an oven containing the removal device, either a coalescing filter or an inertial separator, followed by another heated section and an exit duct. The aerosol was sampled using identical upstream and downstream isokinetic sampling systems and characterized using a Dekati Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (ELPI) that measured particle concentration and size in the range from 0.043 to 8.46μm aerodynamic diameter. Neither single fiber efficiency (SFE) filtration theory nor physical arguments describing the performance of the inertial separator predict a significant dependence total and fractional efficiency and most penetrating particle size (MPPS) on temperature in the range explored here, 25 to 115°C, but in many cases our measurements show MPPS shifting to smaller size and total efficiency decreasing with increasing temperature. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that, at device temperature, the particles being processed are smaller than the particles being measured, at room temperature. Particles shrink by evaporation as they pass through the heated sections, but cool and grow by condensation as the sample cools in the sampling lines or in the exit duct. Reported carbon number distributions of typical lubricating oils and evaporation kinetics indicate that droplets in the size range investigated may lose more than half of their mass under temperature conditions, up to 115°C, found in typical crankcase removal devices under engine high-load conditions. These droplets are in a dynamic balance with their vapors and may change during sampling and measurement. Great care must be taken in design of systems used to characterize devices intended to remove volatile droplets and interpretation of measurements made, as the size of the particles measured may not be the same as the size of particles passing through the device.
WE‐G‐110‐08: Dose Reporting and Analysis Tool for Interventional X‐Ray Imaging Systems (2011)

Purpose: Interventional procedures are growing in complexity and length. There is increased regulatory focus on medical radiation exposure. Medical physicists need data and advanced analytical tools that can help identify patient exams with high dose and can highlight practice patterns and trends that can lead to high dose exams. Methods and Materials: A machine data monitoring tool (Innova Dose Reports) was developed for GE Innova fluoroscopy systems. The tool captures near real time detailed exam data including dose (air kerma), acquisition mode, protocol, duration, source to image distance, field of view, angulation, table height, and equivalent patient thickness. The tool provides monthly summaries and exam level detail. The data can be used to 1) monitor and manage dose, 2) quickly spot and correct undesirable trends, 3) benchmark with all other Innova systems in the GE installed base and 4) utilize dose more efficiently. For exams exceeding the threshold, an alert is sent following the exam, with details that can help estimate potential deterministic effects for the patient. Results: Innova Dose Reports facilitated reduction of dose in a variety of clinical settings. We were able to achieve overall reductions in dose of up to 40% in one electrophysiology lab and 29% and 50% in two cardiac catheterization labs. In one of the cardiac labs, the number of cases exceeding 5Gy went from 14 to 3 while exam volume remained the same. In the other, average patient dose went from 1.6Gy to 1 Gy. These reductions were the result of protocol adjustments, increased utilization of dose reduction features and clinical practice changes. There were no complaints of diminished image quality. Conclusions: Innova Dose Reports help monitor and minimize patient dose. The detailed information provided (in conjunction with clinical information, dose reduction features and training) can pinpoint areas of opportunity for improvement.
Nitrogenase Cofactor: Inspiration for Model Chemistry (2017)

The cofactor of nitrogenase is the largest and most intricate metal cluster known in nature. Its reactivity, mode of action and even the precise binding site of substrate remain a matter of debate. For decades, synthetic chemists have taken inspiration from the exceptional structural, electronic and catalytic features of the cofactor and have tried to either mimic the unique topology of the entire site, or to extract its functional principles and build them into novel catalysts that achieve the same-or very similar-astounding transformations. We review some of the available model chemistry as it represents the various approaches that have been taken from studying the cofactor, to eventually summarize the current state of knowledge on catalysis by nitrogenase and highlight the mutually beneficial role of model chemistry and enzymology in bioinorganic chemistry.
Reliability Evaluation of InGaAsN for PA Handset Applications (2005)

An initial assessment of the reliability of InGaP/InGaAsN transistors was investigated in order to evaluate this new material system for cell phone applications. The investigation consisted of single temperature HTOL with a modest case temperature of 200oC, Vce of 5.0V, and a current density of 25kA/cm2. InGaP/InGaAsN variants and InGaP/GaAs controls were stressed at the same time. The failure mode for both the InGaP/InGaAsN and InGaP/GaAs transistors was identified through IV characterization as Beta degradation due to an increase in Ib. All other device parameters are stable. The Beta degradation data was used to construct a probability plot. The InGaP/InGaAsN transistors had greater or comparable reliability to the control population, thus indicating that this material has sufficient reliability for cell phone applications.
Estimation of time delay time constant parameters in time, frequency, and laplace domains (1978)

Abstract Four methods are proposed for estimating the dominant time constant and dead time of a given process from a knowledge of its moments, s‐plane, frequency or transient response data. The methods are faster and simpler and, in terms of accuracy and reliabiltiy, are comparable to the time domain least squares procedure for parameter estimation. Applications of the methods are illustrated with the aid of a dispersion model. A comparison is also made with other known techniques to demonstrate the superiority of the suggested methods.
A novel non-imaging optics based Raman spectroscopy device for transdermal blood analyte measurement (2011)

Due to its high chemical specificity, Raman spectroscopy has been considered to be a promising technique for non-invasive disease diagnosis. However, during Raman excitation, less than one out of a million photons undergo spontaneous Raman scattering and such weakness in Raman scattered light often require highly efficient collection of Raman scattered light for the analysis of biological tissues. We present a novel non-imaging optics based portable Raman spectroscopy instrument designed for enhanced light collection. While the instrument was demonstrated on transdermal blood glucose measurement, it can also be used for detection of other clinically relevant blood analytes such as creatinine, urea and cholesterol, as well as other tissue diagnosis applications. For enhanced light collection, a non-imaging optical element called compound hyperbolic concentrator (CHC) converts the wide angular range of scattered photons (numerical aperture (NA) of 1.0) from the tissue into a limited range of angles accommodated by the acceptance angles of the collection system (e.g., an optical fiber with NA of 0.22). A CHC enables collimation of scattered light directions to within extremely narrow range of angles while also maintaining practical physical dimensions. Such a design allows for the development of a very efficient and compact spectroscopy system for analyzing highly scattering biological tissues. Using the CHC-based portable Raman instrument in a clinical research setting, we demonstrate successful transdermal blood glucose predictions in human subjects undergoing oral glucose tolerance tests.
ChemInform Abstract: Genetic Studies of the Biosynthesis of Kalafungin, a Benzoisochromanequinone Antibiotic. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Breaking a single hydrogen bond in the mitochondrial tRNAPhe‐PheRS complex leads to phenotypic pleiotropy of human disease (2020)

Various pathogenic variants in both mitochondrial tRNA<sup>Phe</sup> and Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase mitochondrial protein coding gene (FARS2) gene encoding for the human mitochondrial PheRS have been identified and associated with neurological and/or muscle-related pathologies. An important Guanine-34 (G34)A anticodon mutation associated with myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF) syndrome has been reported in hmit-tRNA<sup>Phe</sup> . The majority of G34 contacts in available aaRSs-tRNAs complexes specifically use that base as an important tRNA identity element. The network of intermolecular interactions providing its specific recognition also largely conserved. However, their conservation depends also on the invariance of the residues in the anticodon binding domain (ABD) of human mitochondrial Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (hmit-PheRS). A defect in recognition of the anticodon of tRNA<sup>Phe</sup> may happen not only because of G34A mutation, but also due to mutations in the ABD. Indeed, a pathogenic mutation in FARS2 has been recently reported in a 9-year-old female patient harboring a p.Asp364Gly mutation. Asp364 is hydrogen bonded (HB) to G34 in WT hmit-PheRS. Thus, there are two pathogenic variants disrupting HB between G34 and Asp364: one is associated with G34A mutation, and the other with Asp364Gly mutation. We have measured the rates of tRNA<sup>Phe</sup> aminoacylation catalyzed by WT hmit-PheRS and mutant enzymes. These data ranked the residues making a HB with G34 according to their contribution to activity and the signal transduction pathway in the hmit-PheRS-tRNA<sup>Phe</sup> complex. Furthermore, we carried out extensive MD simulations to reveal the interdomain contact topology on the dynamic trajectories of the complex, and gaining insight into the structural and dynamic integrity effects of hmit-PheRS complexed with tRNA<sup>Phe</sup> . DATABASE: Structural data are available in PDB database under the accession number(s): 3CMQ, 3TUP, 5MGH, 5MGV.
Prolactin secretory rhythm in women: immediate and long-term alterations after sexual contact (2012)

We are able to demonstrate a long-term change in the PRL secretory rhythm after sexual intercourse with orgasm in females, suggesting memory effects. We hypothesize that the additionally secreted PRL could be beneficial for decidualization and implantation. Further studies with more participants are required to investigate in detail the implications of such effects on reproductive success in humans.
Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines. IX. Reactions of 5-chloro- and 5-(methylsulfonyl)-3-phenyl-3H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines with C-nucleophiles. (1989)

The nuclephilic substitution of 5-(methylsulfonyl)-3-phenyl-3H-1, 2, 3-triazolo[4, 5-d]pyrimidine (2) with potassium cyanide proceeded smoothly to give 3-phenyl-3H-1, 2, 3-triazolo[4, 5-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (6), but the same reaction did not take place in the case of 5-chloro-3-phenyl-3H-1, 2, 3-triazolo[4, 5-d]pyrimidine (1).Compounds 1 and 2 reacted with ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of sodium hydride in tetrahydrofuran, giving ethyl α-cyano-3-phenyl-3H-1, 2, 3-triazolo[4, 5-d]pyrimidine-5-acetate (7). When acetote was used as a ketone, it added across the C7, N6-double bond, giving 7-acetonyl-5-chloro-6, 7-dihydro- (8a) and 7-acetonyl-6, 7-dihydro-5-(methylsulfonyl)-3-phenyl-3H-1, 2, 3-triazolo[4, 5-d]pyrimidines (8b), respectively, although the yields were low.The reaction of 1 with Grignard reagents resulted in the formation of addition products such as 7-alkylated 5-chloro-6, 7-dihydro-3-phenyl-3H-1, 2, 3-triazolo[4, 5-d]pyrimidines (9a-e). The substitution of the methylsulfonyl group of 2 with Grignard reagents proceeded to give the corresponding 5-alkylated 3-phenyl-3H-1, 2, 3-triazolo[4, 5-d]pyrimidines (11a-e).
Ultrafast all-optical switching at 1.55μm using an organic multilayer device (2004)

We report ultrafast all-optical switching at optical communication wavelength using a device with a layered structure containing organic films. Spin-coated layers of di(benzofuranonyl)methanolate (BM) derivative are formed alternately with vacuum evaporated layers of germanium (II) oxide. An optical Kerr shutter is constructed using this BM multilayer with 1.55μm signal and 1.63μm gate pulses of 100fs time durations. As a result, optical switching with signal-to-noise ratio over 20dB is attained at gate-pulse intensity above 30pJ∕μm2 and a response time comparable to pulse width is observed. The BM multilayer could be an efficient optical communication device for parallel data processing.
Application of a New Probabilistic Model for Mining Implicit Associated Cancer Genes from OMIM and Medline (2006)

An important issue in current medical science research is to find the genes that are strongly related to an inherited disease. A particular focus is placed on cancer-gene relations, since some types of cancers are inherited. As bio-medical databases have grown speedily in recent years, an informatics approach to predict such relations from currently available databases should be developed. Our objective is to find implicit associated cancer-genes from biomedical databases including the literature database. Co-occurrence of biological entities has been shown to be a popular and efficient technique in biomedical text mining. We have applied a new probabilistic model, called mixture aspect model (MAM) [ 48 ], to combine different types of co-occurrences of genes and cancer derived from Medline and OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man). We trained the probability parameters of MAM using a learning method based on an EM (Expectation and Maximization) algorithm. We examined the performance of MAM by predicting associated cancer gene pairs. Through cross-validation, prediction accuracy was shown to be improved by adding gene-gene co-occurrences from Medline to cancer-gene co-occurrences in OMIM. Further experiments showed that MAM found new cancer-gene relations which are unknown in the literature. Supplementary information can be found at http://www.bic.kyotou.ac.jp/pathway/zhusf/CancerInformatics/Supplemental2006.html
56Gbps PAM4 SerDes Link Parameter Optimization for Improved Post-FEC BER (2019)

For 56G, as well as 112G, PAM4 systems, it is no longer feasible to rely on SerDes equalization alone to achieve the desired BER performance. FEC (forward error correction) becomes mandatory to enhance the SerDes to achieve the post-FEC BER target (e.g., 1E-15). The key takeaway from this paper is that the optimized SerDes equalization settings, particularly the TX settings, i.e., FIR and swing, could be rather different with and without FEC. It is shown that lower pre-FEC BER does not necessarily imply lower post-FEC BER.
Low-complexity error selective Viterbi decoder (2000)

The authors present a low-complexity convolutional decoding scheme, the error selective Viterbi decoder (ESVD), which improves the trellis code search of a conventional Viterbi decoder (VD). Use of the ESVD leads to significant computational savings under typical channel conditions, owing to the isolation of erroneous data stretches and the decoding (only) of the error sequence through a simplified VD search. The effectiveness of multi-bit ESVD schemes is verified for different encoders and data quantisations using Monte Carlo simulations.
KDD, SEMMA AND CRISP-DM: A PARALLEL OVERVIEW (2008)

In the last years there has been a huge growth and consolidation of the Data Mining field. Some efforts are being done that seek the establishment of standards in the area. Included on these efforts there can be enumerated SEMMA and CRISP-DM. Both grow as industrial standards and define a set of sequential steps that pretends to guide the implementation of data mining applications. The question of the existence of substantial differences between them and the traditional KDD process arose. In this paper, is pretended to establish a parallel between these and the KDD process as well as an understanding of the similarities between them.
Anionic polymerization of 1,3-pentadiene in toluene: homopolymer, alternating and block copolymers (2016)

Well-defined alternating and amphiphilic diblock copolymers containing poly(1,3-pentadiene) were synthesized in toluene <italic>via</italic> living anionic polymerization.
Survey of small molecule and ion binding to beta 2-microglobulin--possible relation to BEN. (1991)

Using a new method which permits rapid detection of ligand binding to cross linked protein films and crystals, we evaluated a spectrum of ligand binding to cross linked amorphous films of beta 2-microglobulin purified from urine of Balkan endemic nephropathy patients. Among more than 50 substances studied, including amino acids, fatty acids, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, and different inorganic ions, only polyvalent cations, such as Cu2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Be2+ and La3+, were found to strongly bind to human beta 2-microglobulin with dissociation constants in the range 10(-6) to 10(-4) M. These cations can release beta 2-microglobulin from HLA complexes leading to an increased beta 2-microglobulin level in serum. These observations suggest a possible mechanism for the release of beta 2-microglobulin to make it available to exert toxic effects on the kidney as a potential pathogenesis of Balkan endemic nephropathy.
Characterization of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase and a C415H Mutant, Purified from a Baculovirus Overexpression System (1994)

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) catalyzes the conversion of L-arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide (.NO). A baculovirus overexpression system has been developed for a constitutive NOS isoform, cloned originally from rat cerebellum (B-NOS). Recombinant virus was used at a multiplicity of infection of 5 to infect Spodoptera frugiperda cells in culture, and NOS was expressed to 10% of the total soluble protein at 48 h postinfection. In order to express catalytically active enzyme, it was necessary to supplement the culture media with hemin. This increased the activity of the enzyme 7-fold. A two column affinity purification was developed for the recombinant enzyme, which gave homogeneous protein that migrated at 150 kDa on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel. A Km for L-arginine was determined to be 2.0 +/- 0.4 microM. As isolated, recombinant B-NOS exhibited a Soret maximum at 402 nm, which shifted to 394 nm in the presence of L-arginine. The Soret maximum of the reduced enzyme in the presence of CO was 444 nm. Initial rate steady-state kinetic analysis of the recombinant B-NOS showed evidence of substrate inhibition by L-arginine, which could also be seen in a partially purified preparation of B-NOS from rat cerebella. This substrate inhibition was not observed with the inducible isoform of NOS, purified from immunostimulated murine macrophages. A C415H mutant was overexpressed and purified using the same conditions established for the wild-type recombinant B-NOS. This C415H mutant exhibited no activity and did not bind heme, providing the first experimental evidence to support previously reported primary amino acid comparisons which suggest that C415 provides the coordinating thiolate to the heme moiety in B-NOS.
At Texas Meet Relays Lower Times (1965)

From the Rice Thresher Archive, a collection of newspaper articles published in the student newspaper for Rice University. Genre: News
Improved analysis of picomole quantities of lithium, sodium, and potassium in biological fluids (1994)

The analysis of picomolar lithium, sodium, and potassium by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry was studied using a Perkin-Elmer Zeeman 3030 spectrophotometer. With ordinary pyrolytically coated graphite tubes, a number of interference effects associated with the sample matrix were observed. In particular, the lithium and potassium absorbance signal was depressed by chloride, an effect shown to be dependent on the preatomization heating. When an in situ tantalum-coated atomization surface was used, matrix interferences observed in lithium and potassium analyses were abolished, and the linear range for the potassium assay was extended. Technical difficulties encountered during sodium analysis at the primary wavelength were effectively circumvented by analysis at a less-sensitive wavelength (303.3 nm), at which tantalum coating also prevented significant chloride interference. The improved microanalyses were employed to reevaluate the handling of lithium, sodium, and potassium along the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of the anesthetized rat. The average tubular fluid-to-plasma concentration ratios for lithium [(TF/P)Li] and sodium [(TF/P)Na] were 1.13 +/- 0.08, n = 26, and 0.99 +/- 0.07 (n = 26), respectively. The tubular fluid-to-plasma ultrafiltrate concentration ratio for potassium [(TF/UF)K] was 1.09 +/- 0.05 (n = 13). Ratios did not change significantly with puncture site along the PCT for any of the ions. (TF/P)Li and (TF/UF)K were significantly greater than (TF/P)Na, indicating that lithium and potassium reabsorption do not directly parallel sodium reabsorption in the PCT.