gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extrusion Process Optimization for Soy-Carrot Pomace Powder Incorporated Wheat-based Snacks (2015)

Twin screw extruder was used to develop soy-carrot pomace incorporated wheat-based nutritionally rich snacks. Different experimental combinations of extrusion process variables as die temperature, screw speed, feed moisture and wheat flour in the feed formulation of wheat, defatted soy flour and carrot pomace powder, were tried using Box-Behnken design of experiment. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of die temperature (120-180°C), screw speed (300-500 rpm), feed moisture (14-20%) and wheat flour (65-85%) with soy-carrot pomace blend in equal proportion on product responses like bulk density (BD), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), hardness (H), colour change (CC), and overall acceptability (OA). The extrusion process was optimized for maximum expansion ratio, water absorption index, water solubility index and overall acceptability; and minimum bulk density, hardness and colour change within the experimental range. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that among the process variables, feed moisture and wheat flour percentage in feed formulation had significantly higher effect on BD, ER, WSI, CC and OA. Die temperature was observed to have significantly lower effect on the selected responses. The optimized extrusion conditions for desired product quality had desirability of 0.729.
Allergen exposure and the development of asthma. (2001)

Early exposure to house-dust mite and cat allergens and development of childhood asthma: a cohort study. Multicentre Allergy Study Group

S Lau, S Illi, C Sommerfeld, B Niggemann, R Bergmann, E von Mutius, U Wahn

Background: In a prospective birth cohort study, we assessed the relevance of mite and cat allergen exposure for the development of childhood asthma up to age 7 years. Methods: Of 1314 newborn infants enrolled in five German cities in 1990, follow-up data at age 7 years were available for 939 children. Assessments included repeated measurement of specific IgE to food and inhalant allergens, measurement of indoor allergen exposure at 6 months, 18 months, and 3 years of age, and yearly interviews by a paediatrician. At age 7 years, pulmonary function was tested and bronchial hyperresponsiveness was measured in 645 children. Findings: At age 7, the prevalence of wheezing in the past 12 months was 10.0% (94 of 938), and 6.1% (57 of 939) parents reported a doctor's diagnosis of asthma in their children. Sensitisation to indoor allergens was associated with asthma, wheeze, and increased bronchial responsiveness. However, no relation between early indoor allergen exposure and the prevalence of asthma, wheeze, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness was seen. Interpretation: Our data do not support the hypothesis that exposure to environmental allergens causes asthma in childhood, but rather that the induction of specific IgE responses and the development of childhood asthma are determined by independent factors. ( Lancet 2000;356:1392–7)

In the decade since we last reviewed the literature and presented the case that allergen exposure was the principal cause of childhood asthma,1 the issue has continued to raise controversy and considerable interest. The introductory article2 is one of a number of prospective birth cohort studies started at that time to address the role of early life exposure to …
High Tibial Osteotomy with a Calibrated Osteotomy Guide, Rigid Internal Fixation, and Early Motion (2000)

High tibial osteotomy has been criticized because of a high rate of complications, a loss of effectiveness with time, and the difficulty of conversion to a total knee arthroplasty secondary to patella baja. In our series, in which an osteotomy was performed with a calibrated osteotomy cutting guide and rigid internal fixation and was followed by early motion, the rate of complications was low and approximately two-thirds of the knees had a good or excellent clinical result at an average of 8.5 years. Conversion to a total knee arthroplasty was accomplished without difficulty in the patients who had this procedure. We highly recommend high tibial osteotomy with a calibrated osteotomy cutting guide, rigid internal fixation, and early motion for patients who wish to continue an active lifestyle.
Review article: the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of proton pump inhibitors – overview and clinical implications (2004)

During the past two decades, enormous changes occurred in the management of gastric acid-related diseases. First, the histamine2-receptor antagonists were introduced, offering patients the first single-agent therapy that effectively reduced gastric acid secretion. Proton pump inhibitors became widely available in the early 1990s, and they generally appeared to be superior to the histamine2-receptor antagonists in acid-suppressing activity, symptom control and healing. Most physicians now use proton pump inhibitors as first-line treatment for many patients with acid-peptic disorders, including erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) and duodenal and gastric ulcers. Although proton pump inhibitors are often thought to be interchangeable, some differences have emerged in their pharmacological properties, which may be reflected in some aspects of clinical efficacy. Such differences include potency, speed of onset and duration of pH 'holding times'. Helicobacter pylori has now been recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of acid-peptic disorders. It is clear that H. pylori eradication can dramatically reduce the chronicity of gastric and duodenal ulcers, and accepted therapeutic regimens for H. pylori eradication now include proton pump inhibitors and two or more antibiotics. Although all accepted proton pump inhibitor-based 'triple therapies' are roughly equivalent in efficacy, there is now a shortened regimen available that will potentially enhance compliance and decrease cost. This review examines the relative advantages of proton pump inhibitors vs. histamine2-receptor antagonists in the context of acid suppression and in various gastric acid-related diseases. A brief overview presents the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the proton pump inhibitors with particular attention paid to rabeprazole, one of the newer drugs in its class.
Managing patients with dengue fever during an epidemic: the importance of a hydration tent and of a multidisciplinary approach (2011)

As the epidemics were already widespread and there were no technical conditions for routine serology, all cases of suspected dengue fever were treated as such. Implementing hydration tents decrease the number of dengue fever hospitalizations.
Dosimetry considerations of bone‐seeking radionuclides for marrow ablation (1993)

Marrow ablation by radionuclide therapy for patients requiring bone marrow transplantation is possible by injecting bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. For each radionuclide under consideration, one should determine the (1) amount of activity required to deliver a given radiation dose to marrow, (2) waiting period before reinfusion to limit the radiation dose to the transplant marrow to an acceptable level, and (3) dose to other critical organs. In an attempt to answer these questions, dose estimates for several radionuclides of interest (32P, 90Y, 153Sm, 166Ho, 186Re, and 188Re) have been calculated. All doses are derived following the MIRD methodology. Biodistribution data of 153Sm-labeled phosphates in the rat are used to estimate uptake of similar radiopharmaceuticals in humans. Typically the skeleton retains 50% of the injected activity and 50% is excreted rapidly through the urine, permitting delivery of ablation doses to the marrow, with tolerable doses to other organs. Skeletal retention data measured from a diagnostic dose can be used to calculate the activity required to deliver a desired marrow ablation dose consistent with toxicity limits set by other critical organs.
ChemInform Abstract: Laser‐Induced Interaction of Ammonia with GaAs(100). Part 2. Desorption Dynamics. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Molecular mechanisms for intracellular parasitisation and exclusion in macrophage infected with Mycobacterium leprae (2008)

It was previously demonstrated that TLR2 and CORO1A (TACO, Coronin 1, p57) localize phagosome membrane of macrophage. However, the functional relationship between TLR2 and CORO1A was not known. We show here that there is a functional counteraction between TLR2 and CORO1A.
Jean-Claude Brouet (2022)

Les leucémies à grands lymphocytes granuleux (LGL) sont des syndromes lymphoprolifératifs rares caractérisés par une expansion clonale de lymphocytes T ou natural killer (NK) dans 85 et 15 % des cas, respectivement. De manière intéressante, les leucémies LGL-T et -NK ont une physiopathologie commune et des présentations clinique et biologique similaires. Ce syndrome lymphoprolifératif est caractérisé par des cytopénies et une association fréquente à des maladies ou à des manifestations auto-immunes. Il s’agit d’une pathologie d’évolution indolente permettant, dans la plupart des cas, d’opter pour une stratégie d’abstention-surveillance au diagnostic. Néanmoins, la majorité des patients requerront l’initiation d’un traitement au cours du suivi. Les cellules NK étant dépourvues de récepteur des lymphocytes T (TCR), l’obtention d’une preuve de clonalité dans les leucémies à LGL-NK est difficile. Ce point est crucial, compte tenu de possibles expansions réactionnelles dans des contextes d’infections virales ou de pathologies dysimmunitaires. La démarche diagnostique a été facilitée par les progrès réalisés ces dernières années dans la compréhension de la physiopathologie et l’identification récente de mutations récurrentes. Dans cette revue, nous aborderons la physiopathologie des leucémies LGL-NK, nous présenterons les récents progrès réalisés dans les stratégies diagnostiques avant d’aborder la prise en charge thérapeutique.
Single sample pathway analysis in metabolomics: performance evaluation and application (2022)

Abstract Single sample pathway analysis (ssPA) transforms molecular level omics data to the pathway level, enabling the discovery of patient-specific pathway signatures. Compared to conventional pathway analysis, ssPA overcomes the limitations by enabling multi-group comparisons, alongside facilitating numerous downstream analyses such as pathway-based machine learning. While in transcriptomics ssPA is a widely used technique, there is little literature evaluating its suitability for metabolomics. Here we provide a thorough benchmark of established ssPA methods (ssGSEA, GSVA, SVD (PLAGE), and z-score) using semi-synthetic metabolomics data, alongside the evaluation of two novel methods we propose: ssClustPA and kPCA. While GSEA-based and z-score methods outperformed the others in terms of recall, clustering/dimensionality reduction-based methods provided higher precision at moderate-to-high effect sizes. A case study applying ssPA to inflammatory bowel disease demonstrates how these methods yield a much richer depth of interpretation than conventional approaches, for example by clustering pathway scores to visualise a pathway-based patient subtype-specific correlation network. We also developed the sspa python package (freely available at https://pypi.org/project/sspa/ ), providing implementations of all the methods benchmarked in this study. This work underscores the value ssPA methods can add to metabolomic studies and provides a useful reference for those wishing to apply ssPA methods to metabolomics data. Author summary Pathway analysis is a computational method used to draw insights from omics data by identifying groups of molecules (biological pathways) which are important in a study. Single-sample pathway analysis is based on the same principles as conventional pathway analysis but allows researchers to compute the enrichment of pathways at an individual-sample level. This enables pathway-based patient stratification and facilitates a multitude of downstream analyses based on pathways, such as machine learning, or pathway-based visualization which would not be possible using conventional approaches. In this work we investigated the application of single-sample pathway analysis to metabolomics data, a field in which it has not been widely used to date. We first evaluated the most popular methods for single-sample pathway analysis using simulated metabolomics data, as well as two novel methods we developed. Following these tests, we used metabolomics data from inflammatory bowel disease patients to demonstrate how single-sample pathway analysis methods can be used to infer novel pathway-based insights with the advantage of discriminating between disease subtypes. Overall, our analysis provides readers with information on the performance of single-sample pathway analysis methods, whilst highlighting the potential of such methods in metabolomics research.
The Role of a Novel Generation of Emollients, ‘Emollients Plus’, in Atopic Dermatitis (2022)

Emollients are the mainstay maintenance treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD). A novel generation of emollients, 'emollients plus', containing active, non-medicated substances, has softened the distinction between emollients and topical drugs. A literature search for selected key words was performed using PubMed. Additional papers were identified based on author expertise. Whilst the inclusion of five components of an ideal emollient has been proposed, no such consensus exists for emollients plus and they can vary markedly in their composition and modes of action for AD treatment. This could have a profound effect on their clinical efficacy. The efficacy of emollients plus in restoring and maintaining skin barrier function has been demonstrated on multiple levels, with evidence reported for their effects on the physical and biochemical, microbial, immunological, and neurosensory barriers. When selecting an appropriate AD treatment approach, the safety profiles of the available topical therapies must be carefully considered. There are several proposed treatment approaches for AD, including preventive, proactive, intermittent, and synergistic approaches. Emollients plus may be effective not only as maintenance therapy for AD, but also when used synergistically with anti-inflammatory pharmacological therapies.
Linac Alignnent Techniques (1965)

Techniques of aligning linear accelerators are discussed with specific reference to the alignment system of the two-mile accelerator. This system uses a "three-point" method by which a point which is to be aligned is brought into coincidence with the line as defined by its end points. The end points are a laser and a photo-electric detector. A rectangular Fresnel lens is located at each point to be aligned to define the "third point."
AN ELABORATION OF ANNIHILATORS OF POLYNOMIALS (2017)

In this note we elaborate first on well-known theorems for annihilators of polynomials over IFP rings by investigating the concrete shapes of nonzero constant annihilators. We consider next a generalization of IFP which preserves Abelian property, in relation with annihilators of polynomials, observing the basic structure of rings satisfying such condition.
Distinct mechanisms for rescue from apoptosis in Ramos human B cells by signalling through CD40 and interleukin-4 receptor: Role for inhibition of an early response gene, Berg36 (1997)

Conference Article| May 01 1997 Distinct mechanisms for rescue from apoptosis in Ramos human B cells by signalling through CD40 and interleukin-4 receptor: Role for inhibition of an early response gene, Berg36 ZHI-QIANG NING; ZHI-QIANG NING 1Infection and Immunity Research Group, Division of Life Sciences, King's College London, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOHN D. NORTON; JOHN D. NORTON *CRC Dept. of Gene Regulation, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, manchester M20 9BX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JIN LI; JIN LI 1Infection and Immunity Research Group, Division of Life Sciences, King's College London, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOHN J. MURPHY JOHN J. MURPHY 1Infection and Immunity Research Group, Division of Life Sciences, King's College London, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1997) 25 (2): 306S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025306s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ZHI-QIANG NING, JOHN D. NORTON, JIN LI, JOHN J. MURPHY; Distinct mechanisms for rescue from apoptosis in Ramos human B cells by signalling through CD40 and interleukin-4 receptor: Role for inhibition of an early response gene, Berg36. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1997; 25 (2): 306S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025306s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Spontaneous fluctuation in the tissue blood volume and the systolic blood volume increase (2002)

The tissue blood volume and the systolic blood volume increase can be measured, in relative terms, by means of photoplethysmography-the measurement of the absorption of light by the blood. The values of the blood volume and the systolic blood volume increase fluctuate due to the fluctuating intensity of the autonomic nervous system activity. In this study, these fluctuations were investigated. Positive correlation was found between the blood volume and the systolic blood volume increase and negative correlation between the latter two and arterial blood pressure.
Short‐term effect of distilled water, seawater and temperature on the crushed and interlaminar shear strength of fiber reinforced plastic composites made by the newly proposed rubber pressure molding technique (2008)

Abstract Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composites are used in adverse environmental conditions i.e., variation of temperature, humidity, seawater, acidic water, chemicals, organic fuels, etc. It is important to investigate the crushed and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) behavior of these composite materials under adverse conditions. This study shows the effect of temperatures, seawater and distilled water on crushed and ILSS of glass fiber reinforced polyester composite panels made by a recently developed process known as rubber pressure molding (RPM) technique over a range of temperature from 0 to 150°C. The fiber volume fraction in the composite varies from 30 to 60%. The RPM technique is based on the matching die set, where the die is made of hard metal like steel and the punch from flexible rubber like materials. The use of flexible rubber punch helps to intensify and uniformly redistribute pressure (both operating pressure and developed hydrostatic pressure due to the flexible rubber punch under compression) on the surface of the complex shaped product. Natural rubber was used to prepare a rubber punch in this investigation. For performance evaluation of FRP composites made by RPM technique, FRP composites were also made by the conventional method and tested at the same temperatures. It is observed that the crushed and ILSS of FRP composites decreases towards higher extreme of the temperature range selected. FRP composites made by RPM technique show higher crushed and ILSS over the temperature range of 0–150°C compared to the FRP composites made by conventional process. Again crushed and ILSS increases with increasing fiber volume% in the composites made by both techniques. In addition to these results the crushed and ILSS decrease with dipping time both in distilled and seawater. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiolato‐Technetium Complexes. Part 2. Synthesis, Characterization, Electrochemistry, and Spectroelectrochemistry of the Technetium(III) Complexes trans‐(Tc(SR)2(DMPE)2)+, Where R is an Alkyl or Benzyl Group and DMPE is 1,2‐Bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane. (1989)

Abstract The title complexes (III) are prepared by a reduction‐substitution route, which fails for iPrSH and tBuSH.
Influence of Chain Length and Derivatization on the Lowest Singlet and Triplet States and Intersystem Crossing in Oligothiophenes (1996)

On the basis of configuration interaction calculations, we first describe the nature of the lowest singlet and triplet excited states in oligothiophenes ranging in size from two to six rings. We calculate the vertical excitation energies from the singlet ground state S0 to the first one-photon allowed singlet excited state S1 as well as the energy difference between the ground state and the lowest triplet state T1. The computed transition energies are in very good agreement with the measured values and indicate a strong confinement of the lowest triplet. We also uncover the nature of the higher-lying triplet excited state Tn that is coupled via a large oscillator strength to T1. The evolution with chain length of the T1−Tn excitation energies compares well with the experimental evolution based on photoinduced absorption data. Next, we investigate the geometry relaxation phenomena occurring in the S1 and T1 states; more pronounced and localized bond-length deformations are calculated in the triplet state than in the singlet, confirming the more localized character of T1. We also analyze the influence on the lowest excited states of grafting electroactive end-groups on the conjugated path of terthiophene. Finally, the various mechanisms involved in the nonradiative decay of the singlet excitations are discussed, and results are presented as a guide toward the optimization of light emission efficiency in conjugated systems.