gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bio‐Based Cycloalkanes: The Missing Link to High‐Performance Sustainable Jet Fuels (2020)

Abstract Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Ben Harvey at the Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, China Lake. The image shows several examples of bio‐based cycloalkanes that have been developed as next‐generation sustainable jet fuels. The Review itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202001641 .
Analysis of first-order rate constant spectra with regularized least-squares and expectation maximization. 1. Theory and numerical characterization (1993)

Analysis of parallel, first-order rate processes by deconvolutlon of slngle-exponential kernels from experlmentai data is performed with regularized least squares and the method of expectation maximlzatlon (EM). These methods may be used in general for the unbiased numerical analysis of ilnear Fredholm integrals of the first kind with optimal results. Regularized least squares is performed uslng a smoothing regularizor with an adaptive choice for the regularization parameter (CONTIN) and by ridge regression uslng the generalized cross-validation choice for the regularlzation parameter (GCV). The resolution and performance of the methods are studied as a function of data type (continuous or discrete dlstrlbutbns of single exponentials), data sampling, and superimposed noise. Ail three methods are able to yield hlgh-resolution estimates and are statlstically valid. However, subtle differences dependent on the data exist that suggest that the most probablistic estimate, or maximum Iikelihood estimate, is dependent on the uitlmate valldlty of the spectfic model used to describe the data. Therefore, qualitative comparison of the three methods In terms of maximum entropy is conddered for “worst case” ilmiting data. For discrete distributions comprising data of hlgh slgnal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the order EM > CONTIN > GCV is observed for the entropy of the solutions. For continuous distributions of hlgh SNR, the order EM > GCV > CONTIN is observed. For either type of underlying distribution and low SNR, the three methods converge to comparable performance whlle breaklng down In terms of the quality and accuracy of the estimations. The EM algorlthm Is suggested as the maximum Ilkellhood (or maximum entropy) method when a high response to model error is not desired. The GCV algorithm yields a maximum likelihood estimate hlghly dependent on the model valldlty. The CONTIN algorithm provides a compromlse between the two.
SPICE Modeling and Verification of Wafer-Scale MoS2Transistors (2020)

This paper presents a SPICE model for the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of Mos <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> field-effect transistors based on the level-62 MOSFET SPICE model template. We simulated both the output characteristics and transfer characteristics of single-layer Mos <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> FETs based on the model we built. Model parameters are extracted according to different working region. The root-mean-square error of the I-V characteristics of Mos <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> FETs in this paper is extremely small and the simulation speed is fast. In addition, we built an inverter circuit to verify the accuracy of our model, and the simulation results of its voltage transfer characteristics(VTC) match well with the experimental results.
The Simplex Gradient and Noisy Optimization Problems (1998)

Many classes of methods for noisy optimization problems are based on function information computed on sequences of simplices. The Nelder-Mead, multidirectional search, and implicit filtering methods are three such methods. The performance of these methods can be explained in terms of the difference approximation of the gradient implicit in the function evaluations. Insight can be gained into choice of termination criteria, detection of failure, and design of new methods.
An explosives detection system for airline security using coherent x-ray scattering technology (2008)

L-3 Communications Security and Detection Systems (SDS) has developed a new system for automated alarm resolution in airline baggage Explosive Detection Systems (EDS) based on coherent x-ray scattering spectroscopy. The capabilities of the system were demonstrated in tests with concealed explosives at the Transportation Security Laboratory and airline passenger baggage at Orlando International Airport. The system uses x-ray image information to identify suspicious objects and performs targeted diffraction measurements to classify them. This extra layer of detection capability affords a significant reduction in the rate of false alarm objects that must presently be resolved by opening passenger bags for hand inspection.
The Comparison Effects of Palm Oil Fatty Acid and Stearic Acid in Various Natural Rubber Compounds (2001)

The effect of palm oil fatty acid (POFA) and stearic acid on dynamic properties, curing characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber (SMR L) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) was investigated in the concentration range of 1 to 7 phr. Results indicate that scorch time, t 2 , cure time, t 90 and maximum elastic torque increased with increasing both acid concentrations. The incorporation of palm oil fatty acid and stearic acid in both rubbers also resulted in lower damping (lower tan δ) and lower hysteresis (lower viscous torque). The tensile modulus (modulus at 100% elongation and 300% elongation, M300) and hardness increased with increasing acid concentration whereas tensile and tear strengths increased up to a maximum value and then decreased. At similar acid concentration, stearic acid and palm oil fatty acid in ENR 50 compounds show higher M100, M300 and hardness, but lower tensile and tear strengths than in SMR L compounds.
Proof-of-Concept Demonstration of Vector Beam Pattern Measurements of Kinetic Inductance Detectors (2016)

We present results from the first vector beam pattern measurement of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs). Vector beam patterns require sampling of the E-field of the receiver in both amplitude and phase. MKIDs are inherently direct detectors and have no phase response to incoming radiation. We map the amplitude and phase patterns of the detector beam profile by adapting a two-source heterodyne technique. Our testing strategy recovers the phase information by creating a reference signal to trigger data acquisition. The reference is generated by mixing the slightly offset low-frequency signals from the output of the two synthesizers used to drive the submillimeter sources. The key requirement is that the time-series record always begins at the same set phase of the reference signal. As the source probe is scanned within the receiver beam, the wavefront propagation phase of the receiver changes and causes a phase offset between the detector output and reference signals. We demonstrated this technique on the central pixel of a test array operating at 350 GHz. This methodology will enable vector beam pattern measurements to be performed on direct detectors, which have distinct advantages reducing systematic sources of error, allowing beam propagation, and removing the far-field measurement requirement such that complicated optical systems can be measured at a point that is easily accessible, including the near field.
A note on limit laws for minimal Cantor systems with infinite periodic spectrum (2003)

Recently in [6] Y. Lacroix proved that any distribution function can be obtained as a limit law of return time for any ergodic aperiodic system. In this note we provide an alternative construction, based on Bratteli-Vershik representations of systems, which works for any minimal Cantor system having an infinite periodic spectrum. The construction is especially simple for odometers.
Computation Offloading and Resource Allocation For Cloud Assisted Mobile Edge Computing in Vehicular Networks (2019)

Computation offloading services provide required computing resources for vehicles with computation-intensive tasks. Past computation offloading research mainly focused on mobile edge computing (MEC) or cloud computing, separately. This paper presents a collaborative approach based on MEC and cloud computing that offloads services to automobiles in vehicular networks. A cloud-MEC collaborative computation offloading problem is formulated through jointly optimizing computation offloading decision and computation resource allocation. Since the problem is non-convex and NP-hard, we propose a collaborative computation offloading and resource allocation optimization (CCORAO) scheme, and design a distributed computation offloading and resource allocation algorithm for CCORAO scheme that achieves the optimal solution. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the system utility and computation time, especially for the scenario where the MEC servers fail to meet demands due to insufficient computation resources.
Speedy transactions in multicore in-memory databases (2013)

Silo is a new in-memory database that achieves excellent performance and scalability on modern multicore machines. Silo was designed from the ground up to use system memory and caches efficiently. For instance, it avoids all centralized contention points, including that of centralized transaction ID assignment. Silo's key contribution is a commit protocol based on optimistic concurrency control that provides serializability while avoiding all shared-memory writes for records that were only read. Though this might seem to complicate the enforcement of a serial order, correct logging and recovery is provided by linking periodically-updated epochs with the commit protocol. Silo provides the same guarantees as any serializable database without unnecessary scalability bottlenecks or much additional latency. Silo achieves almost 700,000 transactions per second on a standard TPC-C workload mix on a 32-core machine, as well as near-linear scalability. Considered per core, this is several times higher than previously reported results.
Supplemental Figure Legend from Caffeic Acid Directly Targets ERK1/2 to Attenuate Solar UV-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure Legend&lt;/p&gt;
Heroin Type, Injecting Behavior, and HIV Transmission. A Simulation Model of HIV Incidence and Prevalence (2019)

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Using mathematical modeling to illustrate and predict how different heroin source-forms: “black tar” (BTH) and powder heroin (PH) can affect HIV transmission in the context of contrasting injecting practices. By quantifying HIV risk by these two heroin source-types we show how each affects the incidence and prevalence of HIV over time. From 1997 to 2010 PH reaching the United States was manufactured overwhelmingly by Colombian suppliers and distributed in the eastern states of the United States. Recently Mexican cartels that supply the western U.S. states have started to produce PH too, replacing Colombian distribution to the east. This raises the possibility that BTH in the western U.S. may be replaced by PH in the future. Design We used an agent-based model to evaluate the impact of use of different heroin formulations in high- and low-risk injecting drug user populations who use different types of syringes (high vs. low dead space) and injecting practices. We obtained model parameters from peer-reviewed publications and ethnographic research. Results Heating of BTH, additional syringe rinsing, and subcutaneous injection can substantially decrease the risk of HIV transmission. Simulation analysis shows that HIV transmission risk may be strongly affected by the type of heroin used. We reproduced historic differences in HIV prevalence and incidence. The protective effect of BTH is much stronger in high-risk compared with low-risk populations. Simulation of future outbreaks show that when PH replaces BTH we expect a long-term overall increase in HIV prevalence. In a population of injectors with mixed low- and high-risk clusters we find that local HIV outbreaks can occur even when the overall prevalence and incidence are low. The results are dependent on evidence-supported assumptions. Conclusions The results support harm-reduction measures focused on a reduction in syringe sharing and promoting protective measures of syringe rinsing and drug solution heating.
Cardiac Potassium Channel Subtypes: New Roles in Repolarization and Arrhythmia (2014)

About 10 distinct potassium channels in the heart are involved in shaping the action potential. Some of the K+ channels are primarily responsible for early repolarization, whereas others drive late repolarization and still others are open throughout the cardiac cycle. Three main K+ channels drive the late repolarization of the ventricle with some redundancy, and in atria this repolarization reserve is supplemented by the fairly atrial-specific KV1.5, Kir3, KCa, and K2P channels. The role of the latter two subtypes in atria is currently being clarified, and several findings indicate that they could constitute targets for new pharmacological treatment of atrial fibrillation. The interplay between the different K+ channel subtypes in both atria and ventricle is dynamic, and a significant up- and downregulation occurs in disease states such as atrial fibrillation or heart failure. The underlying posttranscriptional and posttranslational remodeling of the individual K+ channels changes their activity and significance relative to each other, and they must be viewed together to understand their role in keeping a stable heart rhythm, also under menacing conditions like attacks of reentry arrhythmia.
Human eosinophils express transforming growth factor alpha. (1990)

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) is a pleuripotential cytokine with diverse biological effects, including the ability to influence the proliferation of normal cells or neoplastic epithelial cells. Eosinophils are a subset of granulocytes that normally enter the peripheral tissues, particularly those beneath gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital epithelium, where they reside in close proximity to the epithelial elements. In this study, we demonstrate that the great majority of eosinophils infiltrating the interstitial tissues adjacent to two colonic adenocarcinomas and two oral squamous cell carcinomas labeled specifically by in situ hybridization with a 35S-riboprobe for human TGF-alpha (hTGF-alpha). No other identifiable leukocytes in these lesions contained detectable hTGF-alpha mRNA. We also examined leukocytes purified from a patient with the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. 80% of these eosinophils, but none of the patient's neutrophils or mononuclear cells, were positive for hTGF-alpha mRNA by in situ hybridization, and 55% of these eosinophils were positive by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody directed against the COOH terminus of the mature hTGF-alpha peptide. Finally, the identification of the purified eosinophil-associated transcript as hTGF-alpha was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction product restriction enzyme analysis followed by Southern blot hybridization. In contrast to eosinophils from the patient with hypereosinophilic syndrome, the peripheral blood eosinophils from only two of seven normal donors had detectable TGF-alpha mRNA and none of these eosinophils contained immunohistochemically detectable TGF-alpha product. Taken together, these findings establish that human eosinophils can express TGF-alpha, but suggest that the expression of TGF-alpha by eosinophils may be under microenvironmental regulation. Demonstration of TGF-alpha production by tissue-infiltrating eosinophils and the eosinophils in the hypereosinophilic syndrome identifies a novel mechanism by which eosinophils might contribute to physiological, immunological, and pathological responses.
Molecular characterization of embryonic gonads by gene expression profiling in Drosophila melanogaster (2006)

In many animal species, germ-line progenitors associate with gonadal somatic cells to form the embryonic gonads (EGs) that later develop into functional organ producing gametes. To explore the genetic regulation of the germ-line development, we initiated a comprehensive identification and functional analysis of the genes expressed within the EGs. First, we generated a cDNA library from gonads purified from Drosophila embryos by FACS. Using this library, we catalogued the genes expressed in the gonad by EST analysis. A total of 17,218 high-quality ESTs representing 3,051 genes were obtained, corresponding to 20% of the predicted genes in the genome. The EG transcriptome is unexpectedly distinct from that of adult gonads and includes an extremely high proportion of retrotransposon-derived transcripts. We verified 101 genes preferentially expressed in the EGs by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Within this subset, 39 and 58 genes were expressed predominantly in germ-line and somatic cells, respectively, whereas four genes were expressed in the both cell lineages. The gonad-enriched genes encompassed a variety of predicted functions. However, genes implicated in SUMOylation and protein translation, including germ-line-specific ribosomal proteins, are preferentially expressed in the germ line, whereas the expression of various retrotransposons and RNAi-related genes are more prominent in the gonadal soma. These transcriptome data are a resource for understanding the mechanism of various cellular events during germ-line development.
An integrated pharmacoeconomic approach to antimicrobial formulary decision-making (2006)

An integrated pharmacoeconomic approach to antimicrobial formulary decision-making addressed local resistance patterns, population pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, dosing regimens, and drug acquisition costs. This method appeared to be more realistic and objective than the conventional approach of considering only drug acquisition costs, especially for agents in a similar structural or functional class.
Histopathological characterization of corrosion product associated adverse local tissue reaction in hip implants: a study of 285 cases (2016)

ALTR encompasses a diverse range of histological patterns, which are reflective of both the implant configuration independent of manufacturer and clinical features such as duration of implantation. The macrophagic predominant pattern and its mechanism of implant failure represent an important subgroup of ALTR which could become more prominent with increased length of implantation.
Traffic state estimation method with efficient data fusion based on the Aw-Rascle-Zhang model (2017)

Higher-order traffic flow models describe the dynamics of non-equilibrium traffic (e.g., capacity drop, traffic oscillation). Therefore, a traffic state estimation (TSE) method based on higher-order models could have notable advantages over conventional method based on an equilibrium (first-order) model. First, they can encompass non-equilibrium traffic phenomena inherent to the nonlinearity of traffic flow. Second, they can directly fuse heterogeneous traffic data, such as flow measured by detectors and speed measured by probe vehicles. These features would be useful for large volumes of data. This article proposes a data-assimilation-based TSE method for capturing non-equilibrium traffic dynamics based on the Aw-Rascle-Zhang model, which is known as a physically-consistent higher-order model but not received as much attention as other models. The proposed method can efficiently and simply fuse heterogeneous data. Additionally, it is computationally efficient because it uses the extended Kalman filter with an analytical derivative. The features of the proposed method were investigated empirically and quantitatively using experimental dataset collected from actual traffic. We investigate the empirical relationship between the accuracy and amount of available data, and compare the proposed method with a conventional TSE method.
Oral cancer patients experience mechanical and chemical sensitivity at the site of the cancer (2022)

Mechanical and chemical sensitivity testing was well tolerated by the majority of oral cancer patients. Sensitivity is greater at the site of the cancer than at a contralateral matched normal site.
Context-aware Sensing of Physiological Signals (2007)

Recent advancement in microsensor technology permits miniaturization of conventional physiological sensors. Combined with low-power, energy-aware embedded systems and low power wireless interfaces, these sensors now enable patient monitoring in home and workplace environments in addition to the clinic. Low energy operation is critical for meeting typical long operating lifetime requirements. Some of these physiological sensors, such as electrocardiographs (ECG), introduce large energy demand because of the need for high sampling rate and resolution, and also introduce limitations due to reduced user wearability. In this paper, we show how context-aware sensing can provide the required monitoring capability while eliminating the need for energy-intensive continuous ECG signal acquisition. We have implemented a wearable system based on standard widely-used handheld computing hardware components. This system relies on a new software architecture and an embedded inference engine developed for these standard platforms. The performance of the system is evaluated using experimental data sets acquired for subjects wearing this system during an exercise sequence. This same approach can be used in context-aware monitoring of diverse physiological signals in a patient's daily life.
Transfer from Simulation to Real World through Learning Deep Inverse Dynamics Model (2016)

Developing control policies in simulation is often more practical and safer than directly running experiments in the real world. This applies to policies obtained from planning and optimization, and even more so to policies obtained from reinforcement learning, which is often very data demanding. However, a policy that succeeds in simulation often doesn't work when deployed on a real robot. Nevertheless, often the overall gist of what the policy does in simulation remains valid in the real world. In this paper we investigate such settings, where the sequence of states traversed in simulation remains reasonable for the real world, even if the details of the controls are not, as could be the case when the key differences lie in detailed friction, contact, mass and geometry properties. During execution, at each time step our approach computes what the simulation-based control policy would do, but then, rather than executing these controls on the real robot, our approach computes what the simulation expects the resulting next state(s) will be, and then relies on a learned deep inverse dynamics model to decide which real-world action is most suitable to achieve those next states. Deep models are only as good as their training data, and we also propose an approach for data collection to (incrementally) learn the deep inverse dynamics model. Our experiments shows our approach compares favorably with various baselines that have been developed for dealing with simulation to real world model discrepancy, including output error control and Gaussian dynamics adaptation.
Designing and using human-computer interfaces and knowledge based systems (1989)

I. Future Directions. II. Software Psychology. III. Learning. IV. Data Bases. V. Graphics. VI. Dialogue Design. VII. Expert Systems. Author Index. Keyword Index.