gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of count rate on contrast in a dual head coincidence camera (2002)

The sensitivity of signal to background ratio (S/B) to variation in the random fraction of the data as a function of count rate was estimated in a dual head camera geometry setting. The S/B ratio was found to vary up to 100% in the count rate range providing optimum noise equivalent count rate. The variation was found to be dependent on the object geometry, radioactivity distribution and location of the signal and background regions of interest. These results show that it is very important to maintain the same scanning conditions when comparing a repeat to a baseline scan when a random event correction is not implemented before reconstruction. Furthermore we demonstrated that photo-peak-photo-peak only (p-p) acquisition provides superior contrast compared to p-p and photo-peak-Compton acquisition (p-C), when a random correction is not implemented, in spite of its lower sensitivity.
The induction of the acrosome reaction in guinea-pig sperm by the divalent metal cation ionophore a23187 (1978)

The divalent metal cation ionophore A23187 induces an acrosome reaction in guinea-pig sperm which is dependent on external calcium. Examination of this acrosome reaction by electron microscopy shows that it is morphologically normal. The known properties of A23187 and the morphological similarity between the acrosome reaction and the secretory discharges of other secretory cells suggests that the immediate cause of the acrosome reaction is an increase in the cytoplasmic free calcium concentration.
A new single element phase transition memory (2010)

We report a novel phase transition memory (PTM) where we employ electric field and temperature induced phase transition to store, erase and read information within a single electronic element. The devices operate without the need for charge transport through insulator films for charge storage in a floating gate thus avoiding a variety of retention and reliability issues of the conventional floating gate non-volatile memories. The sheet resistance changes in these experiments between two different phases of VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Ohm/sq at ~70 °C together with permittivity change. The phase change of VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> film causes a threshold voltage shift of ~0.5V in the transistors and capacitors.
Variable-temperature Raman spectroscopy as a probe of the supermolecular structure of ionomers (1979)

Raman spectroscopy has been used for the first time to show the presence of multiplets and clusters of ion pairs in ethyl acrylate–sodium acrylate and styrene–sodium methacrylate ionomers and to determine the relative concentrations of ion pairs in these two different kinds of sites.
Persistence is the Twin Sister of Excellence (2011)

Persistence is the twin sister of excellence. One is a matter of quality; the other, a matter of time.Marabel Morgan

Consider 2011 as the culminating year for the decade of clinical trials seeking to alter immune-mediated destruction of β-cells in type 1 diabetes. Emphasizing this past decade is not meant to diminish earlier studies (1), or the seminal trial in 1984 demonstrating the effects of cyclosporine on preservation of β-cell function (2); indeed it was the sobering results from the latter study (i.e., better insulin secretion but worsening renal function) that pushed the field to test new approaches aimed at achieving some sort of tolerance—i.e., a safe, short-term intervention that would enable a “reset” of the immune system away from self-destruction and provide long-term clinical benefits. To achieve such a goal would not be easy, but would require a remarkable degree of persistence.

To this end, in 2002 and 2005 reports from two trials using modified anti-CD3 antibodies hinted at the promise for such a new approach (3,4). Since then, early evidence has been reported that therapies of similar therapeutic purpose but targeting completely different mechanistic pathways (e.g., antigen based with GAD65-alum, anti-B lymphocyte) may have also beneficially altered the disease course after type 1 diabetes onset (5–8). But 2011 is a key year not only because results of a number of major clinical trials will be reported from nonprofit- or federally funded studies, but it represents the year that results will be disclosed from studies involving “big pharma,” often in association with biotech companies. And it is with this notion that we will build our case for the …
Dual Honeycomb‐Superlattice Enables Double‐High Activity and Reversibility of Anion Redox for Sodium‐Ion Battery Layered Cathodes (2022)

Anion redox contributes to the anomalous capacity exceeding the theoretical limit of layered oxides. However, double-high activity and reversibility is challenging due to the structural rearrangement and potential oxygen loss. Here, we propose a strategy for constructing a dual honeycomb-superlattice structure in Na<sub>2/3</sub> [Li<sub>1/7</sub> Mn<sub>5/14</sub> ][Mg<sub>1/7</sub> Mn<sub>5/14</sub> ]O<sub>2</sub> to simultaneously realize high activity and reversibility of lattice O redox. Theoretical simulation and electrochemical tests show that [Li<sub>1/7</sub> Mn<sub>5/14</sub> ] superlattice units remarkably trigger the anion redox activity and enable the delivery of a record capacity of 285.9 mA g<sup>-1</sup> in layered sodium-ion battery cathodes. Nuclear magnetic resonance and in situ X-ray diffraction reveal that [Mg<sub>1/7</sub> Mn<sub>5/14</sub> ] superlattice units are beneficial to the structure and anion redox reversibility, where Li<sup>+</sup> reversibly shuttles between Na layers and transition-metal slabs in contrast to the absence of [Mg<sub>1/7</sub> Mn<sub>5/14</sub> ] units. Our findings underline the importance of multifunctional units and provide a path to advanced battery materials.
A formal approach to the scheduling problem in high level synthesis (1991)

An integer linear programming (ILP) model for the scheduling problem in high-level synthesis is presented. In addition to time-constrained scheduling and resource-constrained scheduling, a scheduling problem called feasible scheduling, which provides a paradigm for exploring the solution space, is constructed. Extensive consideration is given to the following applications: scheduling with chaining, multicycle operations by nonpipelined function units, and multicycle operations by pipelined function units; functional pipelining; loop folding; mutually exclusive operations; scheduling under bus constraint; and minimizing lifetimes of variables. The complexity of the number of variables in the formulation is O(s*n) where s and n are the number of control steps and operations, respectively. Since the as soon as possible (ASAP), as late as possible (ALAP), and list scheduling techniques are used to reduce the solution space, the formulation becomes very efficient. A solution to a practical problem, such as the fifth-order filter, can be found optimally in a few seconds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Site-specific Loss of Acetylation upon Phosphorylation of Histone H3 (2002)

Post-translational modification of histones is a central aspect of gene regulation. Emerging data indicate that modification at one site can influence modification of a second site. As one example, histone H3 phosphorylation at serine 10 (Ser(10)) facilitates acetylation of lysine 14 (Lys(14)) by Gcn5 in vitro (, ). In vivo, phosphorylation of H3 precedes acetylation at certain promoters. Whether H3 phosphorylation globally affects acetylation, or whether it affects all acetylation sites in H3 equally, is not known. We have taken a genetic approach to this question by mutating Ser(10) in H3 to fix either a negative or a neutral charge at this position, followed by analysis of the acetylation states of the mutant histones using site-specific antibodies. Surprisingly, we find that conversion of Ser(10) to glutamate (S10E) or aspartate (S10D) causes almost complete loss of H3 acetylation at lysine 9 (Lys(9)) in vivo. Acetylation of Lys(9) is also significantly reduced in cells bearing mutations in the Glc7 phosphatase that increase H3 phosphorylation levels. Mutation of Ser(10) in H3 and the concomitant loss of Lys(9) acetylation has minimal effects on expression of a Gcn5-dependent reporter gene. However, synergistic growth defects are observed upon loss of GCN5 in cells bearing H3 Ser(10) mutations that are reminiscent of delays in G(2)/M progression caused by combined loss of GCN5 and acetylation site mutations. Together these results demonstrate that H3 phosphorylation directly causes site-specific and opposite changes in acetylation levels of two residues within this histone, Lys(9) and Lys(14), and they highlight the importance of these histone modifications to normal cell functions.
Effect of barrier height on the uneven carrier distribution in asymmetric multiple-quantum-well InGaAsP lasers (1998)

Four asymmetric multiple-quantum-well (AMQW) laser structures have been grown and tested. The structures demonstrate that carriers are not evenly distributed across the active region of a MQW laser. Wells at the p-side of the active region are preferentially pumped indicating there are more carriers at the p-side of the active region than at the n-side. The structures also demonstrate that decreasing the height of the barriers reduces this effect and results in a more even carrier distribution. Thus, well position and barrier height are shown to be important design parameters for AMQW and conventional MQW lasers.
Birth decade affects the sensitization pattern and asthma risk in Finnish adult population (2017)

We have previously shown that sensitizations to several types of allergens distinguish subjects with and without adult-onset asthma in Finland. The aim was to analyze how age affects sensitization and asthma risk. We used previous population-based case-control data (N=456) from Finnish adult asthma patients with one or two matched controls. Asthma was diagnosed based on a typical history of asthmatic symptoms and lung function tests. Allergic sensitization was determined by skin prick test (SPT) to 17 aeroallergens. Information on demographics was obtained by a questionnaire. Sensitization to more than one allergen type and the number of positive SPT reactions associated with younger age and asthma. Atopic subjects aged 65 and above were characterized by sensitization to only one to two allergens, with very few animal danders and without an association with asthma. Multiple sensitizations and animal dander sensitization are more common among Finnish asthmatic adults aged under 56 than among older asthmatics. Cohort studies are needed to understand timing of host-environmental interactions behind this.
Modeling and simulation of a hybrid ship power system (2011)

Optimizing the performance of naval ship power systems requires integrated design and coordination of the respective subsystems (sources, converters, and loads). A significant challenge in the system-level integration is solving the Power Management Control Problem (PMCP). The PMCP entails deciding on subsystem power usages for achieving a trade-off between the error in tracking a desired position/velocity profile, minimizing fuel consumption, and ensuring stable system operation, while at the same time meeting performance limitations of each subsystem. As such, the PMCP naturally arises at a supervisory level of a ship's operation. In this research, several critical steps toward the solution of the PMCP for surface ships have been undertaken. First, new behavioral models have been developed for gas turbine engines, wound rotor synchronous machines, DC super-capacitors, induction machines, and ship propulsion systems. Conventional models describe system inputs and outputs in terms of physical variables such as voltage, current, torque, and force. In contrast, the behavioral models developed herein express system inputs and outputs in terms of power whenever possible. Additionally, the models have been configured to form a hybrid system-level power model (HSPM) of a proposed ship electrical architecture. Lastly, several simulation studies have been completed to expose the capabilities and limitations of the HSPM.
Tranilast inhibits the growth and metastasis of mammary carcinoma (2009)

Tranilast (N-[3,4-dimethoxycinnamonyl]-anthranilic acid) is a drug of low toxicity that is orally administered, and has been used clinically in Japan as an antiallergic and antifibrotic agent. Its antifibrotic effect is thought to depend on the inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). It has also been shown to exert antitumor effects, but its mode of action is unclear. Here, we explored the antitumor effects of tranilast in vitro and in vivo. Tranilast inhibited the proliferation of several tumor cell lines including mouse mammary carcinoma (4T1), rat mammary carcinoma stem cell (LA7), and human breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). Tranilast blocked cell-cycle progression in vitro. In the highly metastatic 4T1 cell line, tranilast inhibited phospho-Smad2 generation, consistent with a blockade of TGF-beta signaling. It also inhibited the activation of MAP kinases (extracellularly regulated kinase 1 and 2 and JNK), which have been linked to TGF-beta-dependent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and, indeed, it blocked epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Although tranilast only partially inhibited TGF-beta production by 4T1 tumor cells, it potently inhibited the production of TGF-beta, interferon-gamma, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 by lymphoid cells, suggesting a general anti-inflammatory activity. In vivo, female BALB/c mice were inoculated with syngeneic 4T1 cells in mammary fat pads and treated with tranilast by gavage. Tranilast reduced (>50%) the growth of the primary tumor. However, its effects on metastasis were more striking, with more than 90% reduction of metastases in the lungs and no metastasis in the liver. Thus, tranilast has potential activity as an antimetastatic agent in breast cancer.
A nascent membrane protein is located adjacent to ER membrane proteins throughout its integration and translation. (1991)

The immediate environment of nascent membrane proteins undergoing integration into the ER membrane was investigated by photocrosslinking. Nascent polypeptides of different lengths, each containing a single IgM transmembrane sequence that functions either as a stop-transfer or a signal-anchor sequence, were synthesized by in vitro translation of truncated mRNAs in the presence of N epsilon-(5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyl)-Lys-tRNA, signal recognition particle, and microsomal membranes. This yielded nascent chains with photoreactive probes at one end of the transmembrane sequence where two lysine residues are located. When irradiated, these nascent chains reacted covalently with several ER proteins. One prominent crosslinking target was a glycoprotein similar in size to a protein termed mp39, shown previously to be situated adjacent to a secretory protein during its translocation across the ER membrane (Krieg, U. C., A. E. Johnson, and P. Walter. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 109:2033-2043; Wiedmann, M., D. Goerlich, E. Hartmann, T. V. Kurzchalia, and T. A. Rapoport. 1989. FEBS (Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc.) Lett. 257:263-268) and likely to be identical to a protein previously designated the signal sequence receptor (Wiedmann, M., T. V. Kurzchalia, E. Hartmann, and T. A. Rapoport. 1987. Nature (Lond.). 328:830-833). Changing the orientation of the transmembrane domain in the bilayer, or making the transmembrane domain the first topogenic sequence in the nascent chain instead of the second, did not significantly alter the identities of the ER proteins that were the primary crosslinking targets. Furthermore, the nascent chains crosslinked to the mp39-like glycoprotein and other microsomal proteins even after the cytoplasmic tail of the nascent chain had been lengthened by nearly 100 amino acids beyond the stop-transfer sequence. Yet when the nascent chain was allowed to terminate normally, the major photocrosslinks were no longer observed, including in particular that to the mp39-like glycoprotein. These results show that the transmembrane segment of a nascent membrane protein is located adjacent to the mp39-like glycoprotein and other ER proteins during the integration process, and that at least a portion of the nascent chain remains in close proximity to these ER proteins until translation has been completed.
Targeting the Interaction between the SH3 Domain of Grb2 and Gab2 (2020)

Gab2 is a scaffolding protein, overexpressed in many types of cancers, that plays a key role in the formation of signaling complexes involved in cellular proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The interaction between Gab2 and the C-terminal SH3 domain of the protein Grb2 is crucial for the activation of the proliferation-signaling pathway Ras/Erk, thus representing a potential pharmacological target. In this study, we identified, by virtual screening, seven potential inhibitor molecules that were experimentally tested through kinetic and equilibrium binding experiments. One compound showed a remarkable effect in lowering the affinity of the C-SH3 domain for Gab2. This inhibitory effect was subsequently validated in cellula by using lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299. Our results are discussed under the light of previous works on the C-SH3:Gab2 interaction.
High-power InGaN single-quantum-well-structure blue and violet light-emitting diodes (1995)

High-power blue and violet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on III–V nitrides were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire substrates. As an active layer, the InGaN single-quantum-well-structure was used. The violet LEDs produced 5.6 mW at 20 mA, with a sharp peak of light output at 405 nm, and exhibited an external quantum efficiency of 9.2%. The blue LEDs produced 4.8 mW at 20 mA and sharply peaked at 450 nm, corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 8.7%. These values of the output power and the quantum efficiencies are the highest ever reported for violet and blue LEDs.
Frequency of Mutations Induced by Radiations in Hexaploid Species of Triticum (1960)

The frequency of visible mutations induced by x-rays, phosphorus-32, and sulfur-35 was calculated in six hexaploid Triticum species. The species with spelted ears and winter habit showed a much lower mutation rate than the freethreshing, spring wheats.
Rationale Anämiediagnostik - Das blasse Kind in der Hausarztpraxis (2006)

Die Ursachen der Anämie im Kindesalter, die zur Vorstellung eines blassen Kindes beim Arzt führen, sind breit gefächert. Sie reichen von der physiologischen Trimenonreduktion über die harmlose transitorische Erythroblastopenie bis zu genetisch bedingten lebensbedrohlichen Anämieformen. Das Spektrum der Anämien bei Kindern unterscheidet sich in vielen Aspekten erheblich von dem bei Erwachsenen. Diese Darstellung verschafft einen Überblick über wichtige Anämien im Kindesalter und bietet ein rationales diagnostisches Vorgehen zur Annäherung an die, in einigen Bereichen auch diffizile Differentialdiagnose auf.
Innentitelbild: High Catalytic Activity of Heteropolynuclear Cyanide Complexes Containing Cobalt and Platinum Ions: Visible‐Light Driven Water Oxidation (Angew. Chem. 19/2015) (2015)

Annähernd stöchiometrische O2-Mengen werden freigesetzt, wenn ein wässriger Puffer (pH 8), der [RuII(2,2′-Bipyridin)3], Na2S2O8 und einen Heteromehrkern-Cyanidkomplex mit Co- und Pt-Ionen als Photosensibilisator, Elektronenakzeptor bzw. Wasseroxidationskatalysator enthält, mit sichtbarem Licht bestrahlt wird. Y. Yamada, S. Fukuzumi et al. konnten in der Zuschrift auf S. 5705 ff. eine Synergie zwischen den Co- und Pt-Ionen in der Wasseroxidationskatalyse bestätigen.
Entwicklung eines neuartigen Staustrahl‐Membranreaktors für die Zellkulturtechnik mittels CFD (2003)

Abstract No abstracts.
Momentum dependence of the superconducting gap and in-gap states in MgB2 multi-band superconductor (2015)

We use tunable laser based Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy to study the electronic structure of the multi-band superconductor, MgB2. These results form the base line for detailed studies of superconductivity in multi-band systems. We find that the magnitude of the superconducting gap on both sigma bands follows a BCS-like variation with temperature with Delta0 ~7 meV. The value of the gap is isotropic within experimental uncertainty and in agreement with pure a s-wave pairing symmetry. We also observe in-gap states confined to kF of the sigma band that occur at some locations of the sample surface. The energy of this excitation, ~3 meV, is inconsistent with scattering from the pi band.
Polyhydroxysterols from the Soft Coral Sarcophyton subviride of Andaman and Nicobar Coasts (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyhydroxysterols from the Soft Coral Sarcophyton subviride of Andaman and Nicobar CoastsB. Lakshmana Raju, Gottumukkala V. Subbaraju, M. C. Reddy, D. Venkata Rao, Ch. Bheemasankara Rao, and Vegesna S. RajuCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1992, 55, 7, 904–911Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50085a009https://doi.org/10.1021/np50085a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparing massive high-dimensional data sets (1998)

The comparison of two data sets can reveal a great deal of information about the time-varying nature of an observed process. For example, suppose that the points in a data set represent a customer’s activity by their location in n-dimensional space. A comparison of the distribution of points in two such data se.ts can indicate how the customer activity has changed between the observation periods. Other applications include data integrity checking. An unexpected change in a data set can indicate a problem in the data collection process. We propose a fast, inexpensive method for comparing massive high dimensional data sets that does not make any distributional assumptions. The method adapts the power of classical statistics for use on complex, high dimensional data sets. We generate a map of the data set (a DataSphere), and compare data sets by comparing their DataSpheres. The DataSphere can be generated in two passes over the data set, stored in a database, and aggregated at multiple levels. We illustrate the use of our set comparison technique with an example analysis of data sets drawn from ATg~T data warehouses.