gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Measurement of Mn2+ Binding Affinities to the Hammerhead Ribozyme and Correlation with Cleavage Activity (1998)

Efficient phosphodiester bond cleavage activity by the hammerhead ribozyme requires divalent cations. Toward understanding this metal ion requirement, the Mn2+-binding properties of hammerhead model ribozymes have been investigated under dilute solution conditions, using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) to detect free Mn2+ in the presence of added ribozyme. Numbers and affinities of bound Mn2+ were obtained at pH 7.8 (5 mM triethanolamine) in the presence of 0, 0.1, and 1.0 M NaCl for an RNA-DNA model consisting of a 13-nucleotide DNA "substrate" hybridized to a 34-nucleotide RNA "enzyme" [Pley, H. W., Flaherty, K. M., and McKay, D. B. (1994) Nature 372, 68-74]. In 0.1 M NaCl, two classes of Mn2+ sites are found with n1 = 3.7 +/- 0.4, Kd(1) = 4 +/- 1 microM (type 1) and n2 = 5.2 +/- 0.4, Kd(2) = 460 +/- 130 microM (type 2). The high-affinity type 1 sites are confirmed for an active RNA-RNA hybrid (34-nucleotide RNA enzyme:13-nucleotide RNA substrate) by EPR measurements at low Mn2+ concentrations. Decreasing NaCl concentration results in an increased number of bound Mn2+ per hammerhead. By contrast, a binding titration in 1 M NaCl indicates that a single Mn2+ site with apparent Kd approximately 10 microM is populated in low concentrations of Mn2+, and apparent cooperative effects at higher Mn2+ concentrations result in population of a similar total number of Mn2+ sites (n1 = 8-10) as found in 0.1 M NaCl. Mn2+-dependent activity profiles are similar for the active RNA-RNA hybrid in 0.1 and 1 M NaCl. Correlation with binding affinities determined by EPR indicates that hammerhead activity in 0.1 M NaCl is only observed after all four of the high-affinity Mn2+ sites are occupied, rises with population of the type 2 sites, and is independent of Mn2+ concentrations corresponding to > 8-9 Mn2+ bound per hammerhead. Equivalent measurements in 1 M NaCl demonstrate a rise in activity with the cooperative transition observed in the Mn2+ binding curve. These measurements indicate that, over this NaCl concentration range, hammerhead ribozyme activity is influenced by population of a specific set of divalent cation sites.
Effects of occupational exposure to organic solvents and noise on hearing. (1993)

This study explored the effects of occupational exposure to solvents and noise on hearing. Interviews and hearing tests were conducted for printing and paint manufacturing workers. The experimental groups included unexposed (N = 50) workers and workers exposed to noise (N = 50), noise and toluene (N = 51), or an organic solvent mixture (N = 39). The risk of hearing loss was greater for the exposed groups than for the unexposed group. The adjusted relative risk estimates were four times greater [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.4-12.2] for the noise group, 11 times greater (95% CI 4.1-28.9) for the noise and toluene group, and five times greater (95% CI 1.4-17.5) for the solvent-mixture group. The findings suggest that exposure to the studied solvents had a toxic effect on the auditory system and that an interaction between noise and toluene took place. The audiological results of the noise and toluene group suggest a central auditory pathway involvement in the hearing losses observed.
Friendly Patrolling: A Model of Natural Encounters (2011)

This study addresses encounter interactions in public environments where people and robots walk around. In daily life, security guards, police officers, and sales clerks roam around environments and nonverbally present friendly behavior so that people feel comfortable talking to them. We modeled the behavior of human experts during friendly patrolling, which we defined as a roaming behavior that nonverbally presents a friendly attitude, to encourage people to talk to such professionals. The model was implemented in a humanoid robot, Robovie, and tested in a shopping mall. The experimental results with 39 participants demonstrated that the model worked as intended.
Resorbable structured porous materials in the healing process of hard tissue defects. (1989)

The long-term goal of this research is to assist the resurfacing of damaged articular cartilage. Coralline hydroxyapatite (HA) was coated with a thin film of polylactide (PLa), maintaining pore structural characteristics. Cylindrical plugs (3 x 7 mm) implanted in non-load-bearing femoral and tibial diaphyses of the rabbit indicated substantial bone ingrowth at 3 weeks, with no significant difference between coated and uncoated HA in the amount and distribution of new bone. PLa-epsilon caprolactone polymeric negative replicas of coral Goniopora (G), inserted into the rabbit femur for 4 wks, showed newly formed bone grown deeply into the pores. Tight attachment of new bone to the implant and minimal inflammatory response suggested an osteocompatible reaction. In order to maintain the desirable pore structure of G while introducing controllable degradation rate and mechanical properties, a novel technique was employed to replicate G with PLa and its co-polymers. An intermediary negative replica of G was prepared with aspirin. A co-polymer positive replica of G was then prepared by solution or melt infusion into the negative replica; the aspirin was removed by methanol. A macro- (300-500 microns) and microporous (5-15 microns) structure was prepared by freeze-drying. This replica received appreciable bone ingrowth when implanted in the rabbit tibia for 3 wks. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of creating devices with interconnected pore structures and controlled porosity, elasticity, and mechanical strength sufficient for articular cartilage application, osteocompatibility, and controlled degradation rate.
In Situ Analysis of Solvent and Additive Effects on Film Morphology Evolution in Spin‐Cast Small‐Molecule and Polymer Photovoltaic Materials (2018)

Abstract To elucidate the details of film morphology/order evolution during spin‐coating, solvent and additive effects are systematically investigated for three representative organic solar cell (OSC) active layer materials using combined in situ grazing incidence wide angle x‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) and optical reflectance. Two archetypical semiconducting donor (p‐type) polymers, P3HT and PTB7, and semiconducting donor small‐molecule, p ‐DTS(FBTTh 2 ) 2 are studied using three neat solvents (chloroform, chlorobenzene, 1,2‐dichlorobenzene) and four processing additives (1‐chloronaphthalene, diphenyl ether, 1,8‐diiodooctane, and 1,6‐diiodohexane). In situ GIWAXS identifies several trends: 1) for neat solvents, rapid crystallization occurs that risks kinetically locking the material into multiple crystal structures or crystalline orientations; and 2) for solvent + additive processed films, morphology evolution involves sequential transformations on timescales ranging from seconds to hours, with key divergences dependent on additive/semiconductor molecular interactions. When π‐planes dominate the additive/semiconductor interactions, both polymers and small molecule films follow similar evolutions, completing in 1–5 min. When side chains dominate the additive/semiconductor interactions, polymer film maturation times are up to 9 h, while initial crystallization times &lt;10 s are observed for small‐molecule films. This study offers guiding information on OSC donor intermediate morphologies, evolution timescales, and divergent evolutions that can inform OSC manufacture.
A parallel simulation framework for infrastructure modeling and analysis (2003)

Today's society relies greatly upon an array of complex national and international infrastructure networks, such as transportation, utilities, telecommunication, and even financial networks. While modeling and simulation tools have provided insight into the behavior of individual infrastructure networks, a far less understood area is that of the interrelationships between multiple networks. Specifically, how does an event in one network affect the operation of the other networks. This paper presents the work that is being conducted at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) to model and simulate these complex behaviors between coupled infrastructures.
The effect of reparixin on survival in patients at high risk for in-hospital mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized trials (2022)

PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021254467.
Harmonic Balance Analysis and Experimental Validation of a Nonlinear Broadband Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Low Ambient Vibrations (2015)

It has been shown by several research groups over the past few years that vibration energy harvesters with intentionally designed nonlinear stiffness components can be used for frequency bandwidth enhancement under harmonic excitation for sufficiently strong vibration amplitudes. In order to overcome the need for high excitation intensities that are required to exploit nonlinear dynamic phenomena, we have developed an M-shaped piezoelectric energy harvester configuration that can exhibit a nonlinear frequency response under low vibration levels. This configuration is made from a continuous bent spring steel with piezoelectric laminates and a proof mass, and no magnetic components. Careful design of this nonlinear architecture that minimizes piezoelectric softening further enables the possibility of achieving the jump phenomenon in hardening at base acceleration levels on the order of a few milli-g. In the present work, such a design is explored for both primary and secondary resonance excitations at different vibration levels and for different electrical loads. Following the primary resonance excitation case that offers more than 600 % increase in the half-power bandwidth as compared to the linear system at a root-mean-square excitation level as low as 0.04g, secondary resonance behavior is investigated with a focus on 1:2 and 1:3 superharmonic resonance neighborhoods. A multi-term harmonic balance formulation is employed for a computationally effective yet high-fidelity analysis of this high-quality-factor system with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. In addition to primary resonance and secondary (superharmonic) resonance cases, multi-harmonic excitation is modeled and experimentally validated.
Ein völlig radikaler Zugang zur Stereoselektivitätskontrolle: Kupplung von prochiralen Radikalen mit chiralen Nitroxylradikalen (1997)

Ein „radikaler”︁ Ansatz zur Kontrolle der Konfiguration wird anhand der Titelreaktion deutlich, bei der ein Nitroxylradikal die enantiotopen Seiten eines kohlenstoffzentrierten Radikals diskriminiert. Mit dem in Gleichung (a) gezeigten Steroid‐Nitroxylradikal wurden in ersten Versuchen Selektivitäten bis zu 92:8 erreicht. magnified image
Atomic Layer Deposition of Antimony Oxide and Antimony Sulfide (2009)

Antimony oxide and sulfide are obtained in atomic layer deposition (ALD) mode by reaction of tris(dimethylamido)-antimony with ozone or hydrogen sulfide at mild temperatures and with large growth rates. Thin films deposited with those methods are chemically pure and stoichiometric. Nanostructures of large aspect ratios are also accessible.
Abstract 15008: Bone Marrow Plasma Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Levels Are a Strong Predictor of Death in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure (2016)

Introduction and Aim: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is primarily known as a regulator in phosphate and calcium homeostasis. It has been described that FGF-23 might play a role in cardiovascular disease: peripheral FGF-23 levels are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure (CHF). Aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic information of FGF-23 measured in bone marrow plasma (FGF BM -23) as well as in peripheral blood samples (FGF PB -23) of patients with CHF. Methods: In 237 patients (age 61.4±12.2) with CHF, who were enrolled in the Frankfurt Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Therapy Registry, and in 49 healthy control individuals (age 39.1±10.8), FGF PB -23 and FGF BM -23 levels were measured. Within a 5-year-follow up period, out of the 237 patients with CHF, 54 patients (23%) died, used as outcome measure. Results: Both, FGF BM -23 and FGF PB -23 were significantly increased in CHF patients compared to healthy individuals (p BM -23 levels were higher than FGF PB -23 levels. Furthermore, in patients who died within 5 years, FGF BM -23 as well as FGF PB -23 was increased compared to survivors (p BM -23 as well as FGF PB -23 at baseline did correlate with ejection fraction (EF), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and age (all p PB -23 and FGF BM -23 were strongly associated with death with hazard ration (HR) of 1.41 (1.214, 1.638; p PB -23 and FGF BM -23 remained significant independent indicators for death with HR of 1.352 (1.14, 1.603; p Conclusion: In patients with chronic heart failure, elevated FGF-23 measured in bone marrow plasma and in peripheral blood is strongly associated with long-term mortality. These findings underline the importance of the heart-bone axis in heart failure development and Progression.
Electrophysiological and Contractile Effects of Disopyramide in Patients With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2019)

Disopyramide is effective and safe in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, its cellular and molecular mechanisms of action are unknown. We tested disopyramide in cardiomyocytes from the septum of surgical myectomy patients: disopyramide inhibits multiple ion channels, leading to lower Ca transients and force, and shortens action potentials, thus reducing cellular arrhythmias. The electrophysiological profile of disopyramide explains the efficient reduction of outflow gradients but also the limited prolongation of the QT interval and the absence of arrhythmic side effects observed in 39 disopyramide-treated patients. In conclusion, our results support the idea that disopyramide is safe for outpatient use in obstructive patients.
EP37.32: Prediction of SGA and LGA neonates in gravidas with obesity (2022)

Prenatal prediction of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates allows providers to prepare for potential complications. We compared four methods' ability to predict SGA and LGA in gravidas with obesity. This was a prospective cohort study of gravidas admitted for delivery. We included patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 and singleton, non-anomalous pregnancies ≥ 37 weeks. Exclusion criteria were polyhydramnios, active labour, and rupture of membranes. Four different approaches to obtain estimated fetal weight (EFW) were tested: (1) ultrasound (US) biometry performed upon admission, (2) clinician Leopold manoeuvres, (3) fundal height (FH) on admission, and (4) US EFW performed within 28 days of delivery. Predicted SGA and LGA were defined based on EFW and abdominal circumference percentile for US, EFW percentile for Leopold, and ≥ 3 cm fundal height discrepancy from gestational weeks. Neonatal SGA and LGA were defined using sex-specific birthweight curves. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were plotted, and area under the curves (AUC) calculated. AUCs were compared between EFW approaches and between BMI classes, as defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 250 patients were enrolled with a median BMI of 36.4 (IQR 32.7-41.3). Admission US maximised sensitivity and AUC for SGA and LGA. Leopold had high specificity for both SGA and LGA but poor sensitivity, with AUC of 0.60 and 0.54, respectively. Fundal height was moderately predictive of LGA, but poorly predictive of SGA. The AUC of admission US for SGA and LGA was equally high across BMI class (p = 0.91 and 0.11, respectively). In gravidas with obesity, Leopold manoeuvres and fundal height are poorly predictive of abnormal birthweight. Consideration should be made for universal US for fetal weight assessment at the time of admission for delivery.
Image cytometric evaluation of nuclear texture features and DNA content of the reticular form of oral lichen planus. (2006)

Our results indicate that chromatin changes in oral lichen planus exist compared to normal cells; however, the chromatin structure of the reticular form of oral lichen planus does not express malignancy-associated changes and is more similar to normal squamous cells.
Protein nanorings organized by poly(styrene-block-ethylene oxide) self-assembled thin films (2015)

This study explores the use of block copolymer self-assembly to organize Lsmα, a protein which forms stable doughnut-shaped heptameric structures. Here, we have explored the idea that 2-D crystalline arrays of protein filaments can be prepared by stacking doughnut shaped Lsmα protein into the poly(ethylene oxide) blocks of a hexagonal microphase-separated polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide (PS-b-PEO) block copolymer. We were able to demonstrate the coordinated assembly of such a complex hierarchical nanostructure. The key to success was the choice of solvent systems and protein functionalization that achieved sufficient compatibility whilst still promoting assembly. Unambiguous characterisation of these structures is difficult; however AFM and TEM measurements confirmed that the protein was sequestered into the PEO blocks. The use of a protein that assembles into stackable doughnuts offers the possibility of assembling nanoscale optical, magnetic and electronic structures.
The difference in upper airway morphology between supine and upright posture (2012)

Introduction The effect of upper airway (UA) morphology and especially the effect of the minimal cross sectional area (CSA) on lung deposition of inhaled medication (IM) is significant. However since IM is used when a patient is upright, conventional computed tomography (CT) data may not provide accurate information on the influence of the UA on lung deposition. The objective of this study is to evaluate variability in UA morphology for supine posture using CT vs. upright posture using cone beam CT (CBCT). Materials and Methods A total of 20 normal subjects were included. 15 valid CBCT scans could be included as the rotating gantry of the CBCT touched the shoulders of the broad-shouldered subjects, causing motion artifacts. The UA CT scans were performed using the GE VCT LightSpeed scanner and the CBCT scans were performed using the ISI i-CAT scanner. Results It is found that the CT scans were characterized by lower CSAs as compared to CBCT (Minimal CSA, p = 0.036, Average CSA, p = 0.006). The minimal CSA in the CT scan could accurately predict the difference in minimal CSA between CT and CBCT as indicated in the figure. Conclusions It can be concluded that the UA morphology is different between upright and supine position. From the supine CT image, it can be predicted how large the minimal CSA will be when the subject is in an upright position. This function can be used to generate a correction factor for assessing lung deposition of IM.
교육과정 논의에서 과학적 해법이 갖는 의미와 한계 (2010)

본 연구는 교육과정 논의에서 과학적 해법이 갖는 의미와 한계를 탐색하는 데에 목적이 있다. 교육과정 논의에서 과학이 갖는 의미를 파악하기 위하여 교육과정의 주요 영역인 교육목적, 내용, 그리고 방법의 문제에 대해 과학이 어떤 해법을 제시하고 있는가를 역사적 사례를 통하여 살펴본다. 그와 함께 교육과정 논의에서 과학이 갖는 한계를 파악하기 위하여, 과학의 역할에 대한 과대평가를 담은 과학주의가 타 학문 분야에서 어떻게 규정되고 있는가를 조사한 후, 교육과정 논의에 적합한 방식으로 과학주의의 두 양상을 구분한다. 여기서 과학주의의 두 양상은 각각 본래적 과학주의와 파생적 과학주의로 부를 수 있으며, 이 두 양상의 과학주의는 과학이 교육과정 논의에 미친 영향을 분석하는 데에 활용될 수 있다. 이 구분을 기초로, 교육과정 연구가 독립된 연구 영역으로 확립되던 당시인 20세기 초 미국의 교육과정사의 사례를 통하여 이 두 양상의 과학주의가 교육내용, 방법 및 효율성의 형태로 발현된 과정을 살펴본다. 마지막으로, 과학과 과학주의에 관한 논의가 교육과정 연구에 주는 함의를 간략히 살펴본다.
Graph schemas as abstractions for transfer learning, inference, and planning (2023)

Transferring latent structure from one environment or problem to another is a mechanism by which humans and animals generalize with very little data. Inspired by cognitive and neurobiological insights, we propose graph schemas as a mechanism of abstraction for transfer learning. Graph schemas start with latent graph learning where perceptually aliased observations are disambiguated in the latent space using contextual information. Latent graph learning is also emerging as a new computational model of the hippocampus to explain map learning and transitive inference. Our insight is that a latent graph can be treated as a flexible template -- a schema -- that models concepts and behaviors, with slots that bind groups of latent nodes to the specific observations or groundings. By treating learned latent graphs (schemas) as prior knowledge, new environments can be quickly learned as compositions of schemas and their newly learned bindings. We evaluate graph schemas on two previously published challenging tasks: the memory &amp; planning game and one-shot StreetLearn, which are designed to test rapid task solving in novel environments. Graph schemas can be learned in far fewer episodes than previous baselines, and can model and plan in a few steps in novel variations of these tasks. We also demonstrate learning, matching, and reusing graph schemas in more challenging 2D and 3D environments with extensive perceptual aliasing and size variations, and show how different schemas can be composed to model larger and more complex environments. To summarize, our main contribution is a unified system, inspired and grounded in cognitive science, that facilitates rapid transfer learning of new environments using schemas via map-induction and composition that handles perceptual aliasing.
盖里·哈尼：探寻二十一世纪综合体 (2015)

一座建筑，用其蜿蜒交错的重叠带，将园林景观融入了严谨的政府用地；一架高塔，兼顾了浑厚粗砺的体量形态和美轮美奂的光影呈现；一种石材和玻璃材质的曲面结构在超高层建筑中竞相呼应；一个综合集成的总部，以交错复杂的城市概念成功驯化了惊人的大尺度难题。这四个看起来不尽相同的项目均出自盖里·哈尼之手，SOM事务所纽约分部的设计合伙人。
Coupled sonar inertial navigation system for pedestrian tracking (2010)

This paper presents a novel method for indoor pedestrian tracking using inertial sensing and sonar sensors. The zero velocity updating technique, which is used to enhance the performances of inertial sensing, cannot observe heading, resulting in a horizontal position drift. Sonar sensors are used as complementary technique to correct heading. The main idea is to extract a partial map of surrounding walls. Sonar returns are processed via the Hough transformation to extract wall segments (line features). The first detected segments will initiate a wall landmark. The pedestrian relative distance to next detected segments that are associated to a stored wall landmark, is considered to be his relative distance to that wall. An extended Kalman filter based solution to Bearing-Range simultaneous localization and mapping is used. The state vector is a concatenation of pedestrian position and positions of first points of each stored wall landmark, to which the virtual Bearing-range measurements are pointing. Both inertial and coupled sonar inertial tracks are visually compared to the true trajectory.
Study on athletes non-participation at national level (1993)

This paper was presented at the International Sports Science Conference 93, held in Singapore from 9 - 11 Jun 1993
Formation and Structure of Conjugated Salen‐Cross‐Linked Polymers and Their Application in Asymmetric Heterogeneous Catalysis (2005)

Abstract A new type of cross‐linked condensation polymer was obtained by the reaction of 1,3,5‐tris[(5‐ tert ‐butyl‐3‐formyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethynyl]benzene ( 1 ) with ethylenediamine. Solid‐state 13 C{ 1 H} CP/MAS NMR analysis showed that the polymer was pure and highly cross‐linked and powder synchrotron X‐ray diffraction indicated some degree of local structural order in the polymer. A chiral manganese−salen‐bridged polymer was obtained by the condensation of 1 with (1 R, 2 R )‐1,2‐diphenyl‐1,2‐diaminoethane ( 3a ) or (1 R ,2 R )‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane ( 3b ) in the presence of Mn(OAc) 2 . These rigid chiral metal−salen polymers can catalyze the epoxidation of cis ‐2‐methylstyrene with high conversion, diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivities of up to 67% ee . The polymeric catalyst can be reused several times without reduced activity or selectivity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)