gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstrip Patch Antennas on Tunable Electromagnetic Band-Gap Substrates (2009)

A tunable metamaterial in integrated circuit structures is investigated through an example of a microstrip patch antenna on a mushroom-type electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure. The patch antenna is designed as a half-wavelength resonator of an EBG loaded microstrip transmission line. The operating frequency of a patch antenna can be switched and controlled dynamically by loading diode switches in between vias and the ground plane. When the switches are on, the EBG surface is short to the ground and is at its on-state; while when the switches are turned off, the EBG surface is dc open and is at its off-state. It is found that the resulting patch antenna in-band resonant frequencies are very different at these two states. Antenna dual-band frequencies, gain, efficiency, and radiation patterns are characterized. The designed switchable EBG-patch antenna is fabricated and tested in these two states. The measurement is found in good agreement with simulation. An example is also given for the case of selected switches within the EBG elements to tune dynamically the resonant frequency.
Raman microspectroscopy: shining a new light on reproductive medicine (2013)

BACKGROUND The last 20 years have seen an enormous upsurge in the number of publications reporting findings obtained by Raman spectroscopy, a non-invasive, non-destructive method which uses the inelastic scattering of light to provide a 'fingerprint' of the sample's chemical composition and constituents. Long neglected because of practical difficulties, the technique has been transformed by recent technological advances into a powerful analytical tool capable of opening avenues of investigation that were previously out of the reach of biomedical scientists. Beyond introducing the approach and describing its relative merits and weaknesses, the aim of this review is to provide a spur for discussion of what may become an invaluable tool for biomedical investigations. METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted searching PubMed and Ovid databases using numerous MeSH terms associated with reproductive medicine. Furthermore, the reference lists of all reported literature were explored. The searches were restricted to English language articles published in the last 50 years. RESULTS Beginning with simple characterizations of biologically and medically important substances, aided by increasing technological sophistication, the use of Raman spectroscopy in biomedicine has quickly expanded to the investigation of complex biochemical interactions, the assessment of organelles and now the evaluation of living cells and tissue. The first Raman investigations of reproductive organs were primarily oncological in nature; however, the past few years have seen an increase in the application of the technique for the assessment and evaluation of both male and female gametes. In particular, progress has been made in the characterization, identification and localization of sperm nuclear DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS The use of Raman spectroscopy has already provided many tantalizing glimpses into the potential that the technique has to answer many of the unresolved issues in investigative and therapeutic reproductive medicine. However, without stringent assessment and the clear representation of the methods' findings, their true meaning cannot be revealed nor should any conclusions be hastily derived. For the potential of Raman microspectroscopy to be truly realized, the dependability and reliability of the technique and its results can only be ascertained by multidisciplinary collaborations that undertake carefully conducted, controlled and analysed studies.
Numerical Study of Longshore Variation in Beach Morphodynamics along Eastern Lake Erie Shoreline due to Seiche (2020)

Sogut, E. and Farhadzadeh, A., 2021. Numerical study of longshore variation in beach morphodynamics along Eastern Lake Erie shoreline due to seiche. Journal of Coastal Research, 37(1), 92–103. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Extreme coastal events and abrupt changes in atmospheric pressure in an enclosed or semi-enclosed basin can trigger low-frequency water surface oscillations known as seiches. This exploratory study numerically quantifies the effects of seiche on morphological changes along the eastern Lake Erie shoreline. The quantification is made by simulating the hydrodynamics of the lake using a coupled circulation and spectral wave model (ADCIRC+SWAN), providing the flow boundary conditions to the two-dimensional nearshore morphodynamic model, XBeach. The process-based XBeach model is used to simulate the nearshore morphological variations under two water-level conditions: the lake's actual water level and the synthetically generated seiche-free water level. The XBeach model is cross-calibrated using the process-based nearshore morphodynamic model, CSHORE, which was extensively validated using lab and field data. It is found that the seiching motions have a contribution of ∼1.5% to the erosion of beaches along the 2-km stretch of the shoreline in eastern Lake Erie shoreline.
A new kind of fundamental diagram with an application to road traffic emission modeling (2013)

SUMMARY The main contribution of this paper is to show, on the basis of empirical traffic data, that the distribution of vehicle speeds on a road segment evolves with the occupancy in a simple manner. Under a critical occupancy, the distribution is unimodal, with one peak (the high mode) close to the free‐flow speed. When the occupancy exceeds the critical occupancy, the distribution of speeds becomes bimodal. A second peak (the low mode) appears, at a noticeably lower speed than the high mode. Empirical speed distributions are well fitted when assuming a (appropriately scaled and translated) low “temperature” Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution for the high mode and a high‐temperature distribution for the low mode. The standard fundamental diagram expresses the mean flow speed as a function of occupancy. The model proposed in this paper expresses the distribution of vehicle speeds as a function of the occupancy. We believe this result to be of great importance for both the theory of traffic flow and practical applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Predicting Fuel Cell Ink Aggregation (2022)

Polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) provide multisector decarbonization solutions including in transportation, manufacturing, and long-term energy storage. They have become increasingly popular in these areas due to their high efficiency, power density, and low (or zero) emissions compared to traditional fossil-fuel dependent processes. The PEFC catalyst layer is the most complex and key part of the cell, and is critical for optimizing PEFC performance. Several studies have explored the structure/function relationships of PEFC catalyst layers, yet the physics and interactions controlling its in-situ formation remain a mystery. PEFC catalyst layers are traditionally fabricated out of a catalyst supported on a carbon nanoparticle with an ionomer, traditionally perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) such as Nafion, as a binder, which stabilizes the carbon suspensions in the ink dispersion. Recent studies demonstrated the importance of pH as an experimental parameter for both comparison and characterization of such systems. 1 In this talk, we explore the interactions in the colloidal inks through detailed mathematical modeling. We propose a kinetics-based model representing species aggregation with pointwise interacting spheres that vary in charge through buried side chains for predicting the aggregation behavior of Nafion and carbon in solutions under varying conditions, such as solvent, Nafion wt% and carbon wt%. To demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the model, we compare the results against a range of pH conditions and size distributions. The insights from the model help establish design criteria and guide future ink and process conditions. Acknowledgements This study was conducted under the Million Miles Fuel Cell Truck Consortium (M2FCT) funded by the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office in the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. References S. A. Berlinger, B. D. McCloskey, and A. Z. Weber, J. Phys. Chem. B , 122 , 7790–7796 (2018).
Controlled Radical Polymerization (1994)

Various methods which lead to the control of molecular weight and polydispersities, and which allow for the preparation of block copolymers by radical polymerization are discussed. Thermal polymerizationof styrenes in the presence of stable radicals, polymerization of vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate in the presence of chromium complexed by macrocyclic ligands polymerization of vinyl acetate initiated by organoaluminum compounds complexed by dipyridyl and activated by stable radicals, as well as in the presence of phosphites, are described in detail.
Silica–Polyacrylate Nanocomposite Pressure Sensitive Adhesives (2011)

The aim of this research is to increase cohesion of a PSA by including silica nanoparticles. The silica nanoparticles form reversible agglomerates and bind polymer molecules by adsorption. The adhesive becomes a reversible gel. Under pressure over a time suitable for bond formation the PSA can still flow due the time scale for the reversible silica physical gel to respond. The effect of cohesion on PSA bond formation can be characterised using modulated force thermomechanical analysis. The change in relaxation of a nano-silica filler on an elastomer, analogous to a PSA, has been measured using stress relaxation. The mastercurve measurements on bond strength (peel test) and viscoelastic cohesion (modulated force thermomechanical analysis) demonstrates the contribution of a bulk property (cohesion) to a surface property (bond strength) and reveals the mechanism of PSA. The PSA mechanism leads to the concept that an adhesive bond can be enhanced through formation of physical crosslinks by the high surface to volume ratio of a nanofiller. PSA-silica nanocomposites enable better control of adhesive bond formation and subsequent removal than adventitious chemical gelation during polymerization.
Autonomous Building Detection Using Region Properties and PCA (2018)

This paper proposes an algorithm for autonomous building detection in remote sensing images. The basis of the algorithm relies on the fact that each channel in RGB color space conveys different information. Furthermore, region properties and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are used to distinguish between buildings and other regions in order to reduce false positive cases. The images used to test the proposed algorithm were obtained from DubaiSat-2, which offers multispectral images with 1-m accuracy.
Computer-aided diagnosis: development of automated schemes for quantitative analysis of radiographic images. (1992)

Preliminary results obtained with computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) from various radiographic examinations are very encouraging. However, CAD is still at an early stage of its development. It will be necessary to increase further the understanding of image features of normal and abnormal patterns, to establish databases, and to devise specific approaches for particular types of pathology. Although the existing schemes are designed to be applied to digital radiographs, similar techniques can be applied in the future to cross-sectional images such as CT, MRI, and ultrasound. We believe that CAD will become clinically practical in the near future.
Learning 3-D Scene Structure from a Single Still Image (2007)

We consider the problem of estimating detailed 3D structure from a single still image of an unstructured environment. Our goal is to create 3D models which are both quantitatively accurate as well as visually pleasing. For each small homogeneous patch in the image, we use a Markov random field (MRF) to infer a set of "plane parameters" that capture both the 3D location and 3D orientation of the patch. The MRF, trained via supervised learning, models both image depth cues as well as the relationships between different parts of the image. Inference in our model is tractable, and requires only solving a convex optimization problem. Other than assuming that the environment is made up of a number of small planes, our model makes no explicit assumptions about the structure of the scene; this enables the algorithm to capture much more detailed 3D structure than does prior art (such as Saxena et ah, 2005, Delage et ah, 2005, and Hoiem et el, 2005), and also give a much richer experience in the 3D flythroughs created using image-based rendering, even for scenes with significant non-vertical structure. Using this approach, we have created qualitatively correct 3D models for 64.9% of 588 images downloaded from the Internet, as compared to Hoiem et al.'s performance of 33.1%. Further, our models are quantitatively more accurate than either Saxena et al. or Hoiem et al.
A multiple hypothesis approach to figure tracking (2003)

This paper describes a probabilistic multiple-hypothesis framework for tracking highly articulated objects. In this framework, the probability density of the tracker state is represented as a set of modes with piecewise Gaussians characterizing the neighborhood around these modes. The temporal evolution of the probability density is achieved through sampling from the prior distribution, followed by local optimization of the sample positions to obtain updated modes. This method of generating hypotheses from state-space search does not require the use of discrete features unlike classical multiple-hypothesis tracking. The parametric form of the model is suited for high dimensional state-spaces which cannot be efficiently modeled using non-parametric approaches. Results are shown for tracking Fred Astaire in a movie dance sequence.
Analysis of Blocking Probability for First-Fit Wavelength Assignment in Transmission-Impaired Optical Networks (2011)

The quality of an optical signal degrades due to physical layer impairments as it propagates from a transmitter to a receiver. As a result, the signal quality at the receiver of a lightpath may not be sufficiently high, leading to increased call blocking. Consequently, an all-optical network’s routing and wavelength assignment algorithm must verify the quality of the lightpath before accepting it. In this paper, analytical expressions for the total blocking probability are derived for first-fit wavelength assignment for networks suffering from transmission impairments. The new technique effectively predicts the performance of wavelength selection techniques that consider either a single candidate channel or all channels for quality of transmission compliance. The analysis is also applicable to first-fit algorithms with different static channel orderings.
Staurosporine modulates radiosensitivity and radiation-induced apoptosis in U937 cells (2006)

Abrogation of the G2 checkpoint should be an effective strategy against p53-deficient leukemia cells to irradiation-induced cell killing.
Ultrathin and Switchable Nanoporous Catalytic Membranes of Polystyrene‐b‐poly‐4‐Vinyl Pyridine Block Copolymer Spherical Micelles (2015)

An easy fabrication of close‐packed and block copolymer micelles‐based ultrathin membranes for water purification, separation, catalytic, and dye degradation applications is reported. Nanoporous membranes based on the self‐assembly of 2‐(4′‐hydroxybenzeneazo) benzoic acid (HABA)‐polystyrene‐ b ‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐ b ‐P4VP) diblock copolymers supramolecular complexes are prepared by simple spin coating on pore‐filled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) track‐etched membranes. The prepared membranes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and water permeation studies. The separation performance is studied by lysozyme protein rejection. The prepared membranes are also used to in situ synthesize gold nanoparticles in the corona of PS‐ b ‐P4VP spheres for catalytic activity towards the reduction of p ‐nitrophenol and degradation of congo red dye in flow through operation mode in a stirred cell membrane reactor. More than 95% reduction for p ‐nitrophenol and &gt;98% degradation of Congo red at a sufficiently high flux indicates its suitability for catalytic transformation and environmental remediation applications.
Summation of electrostatic interactions in quasi-two-dimensional simulations (1996)

Abstract We report an extension of Lekner's method (Lekner, J., 1991 Physica A, 176, 485) for charge summation in quasi-two-dimensional simulations for the general case where the simulation cell is rectangular rather than square. The equations developed here for the force components and the potential energy can be included easily in molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations of layers or quasi-two-dimensional confined systems which contain charged species.
Analysis of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 secreted from cultured corneal and oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets in vitro (2009)

Background: In clinical trials, eyes transplanted with cultured oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets have shown increased neovascularisation compared with eyes treated with cultured corneal epithelial cell sheets. As reported recently, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (soluble VEGFr-1) is a main factor to maintain a corneal avascularity. Aim: To investigate soluble VEGFr-1 of cultured corneal epithelial cells (CCE) and cultured oral mucosal epithelial cells (COE) in vitro. Methods: Rabbit corneal and oral mucosal epithelial cells were co-cultured with mitomycin C-treated NIH/3T3 cells on culture plates. After CCE and COE were multilayered, culture medium was replaced by basal medium and incubated. Protein secretion of soluble VEGFr-1 was assessed in conditioned medium from CCE and COE by ELISA. Angiogenic potential was examined by invasion, migration assays with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in addition to recombinant soluble VEGFr-1. Results: CCE secreted a significantly higher amount of soluble VEGFr-1 than did COE. Recombinant soluble VEGFr-1 significantly suppressed HUVEC migration induced by COE, without suppression in CCE. In conclusion, these findings suggest that low protein levels of soluble VEGFr-1 may lead to corneal neovascularisation after COE sheet transplantation.
Effect of hydrogen concentration on structure and photoelectric properties of a-Si:H films modified by femtosecond laser pulses (2014)

The crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon films with femtosecond laser pulses is one of the promising ways to produce nanocrystalline silicon for photovoltaics. The structure of laser treated films and their hydrogen content are the most important factors for determining the photoelectric properties of materials. In this work we investigated the effect of femtosecond laser irradiation of a-Si:H films with different fluences on crystalline volume fraction, hydrogen concentration, and photoelectric properties of this material. Our results point out that hydrogen out-diffusion accompanies the crystallization process. The increase of hydrogen concentration in the initial a-Si:H films structure affects the kinetics of the crystallization process, but does not lead to a substantial increase of hydrogen concentration remaining in the film after the treatment. The deficiency of hydrogen in the films’ structure results in degradation of their photoconductivity, thus other strategies of a-Si:H laser crystallization or postprocessing should be found to obtain device-quality films using ultrafast laser processing.
Osteopenia in Children and Adolescents with Hyperprolactinemia (2000)

Three patients with hyperprolactinemia due to pituitary adenomas (two patients) or empty sella (one patient) and osteopenia are described. Their ages at presentation ranged from 8 to 17 years. Each patient was treated with cabergoline. Serum prolactin levels became normal in all patients within one month. Bone density and pubertal stage improved after 12 months of treatment.
LTCC SoP integration of 60 GHz transmitter and receiver radios (2008)

We present the 60 GHz SoP research activities in ICU for high data rate, short- range wireless communication. The integration and communication tests of a Tx/Rx radio have been demonstrated at a data rate of 3 Gbps for short-range transmission and with a communication distance of over 3.5m at a 650 Mbps data rate. The design and fabrication of mmW sub-circuits such as low-loss transmission lines and transitions with noble air cavity structures, a high-Q resonator using zigzagged dual-row via posts and a λ/4 short stub, and the monolithic integration of BPF and antennas have been performed for LTCC SoP integration with a size of 37 × 11 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for the whole transmitter or receiver radio.
Computational Experimentation (2008)

Systematic development of new knowledge is as important in the developing field of knowledge management (KM) as in other social science and technological domains. Careful research is essential for the development of new knowledge in a systematic manner (e.g., avoiding the process of trial and error). The problem is, throughout the era of modern science, a chasm has persisted between laboratory and field research that impedes knowledge development about knowledge management.