gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of Deramciclane in Dogs (1997)

The pharmacokinetic properties of deramciclane fumarate (EGIS-3886; (1R,2S,4R)-(–)-N,N-dimethyl-2-[(1,7,7-trimethyl-2-phenylbicyclo-[2,2,1]-hept-2-yl)oxy]ethanamine-2-(E)-butendioate (1 : 1)), a new potential anxiolytic agent, were investigated in Beagle dogs after 0·5 and 3.0 mg kg−1 single oral doses. Plasma levels of deramciclane were determined by a highly sensitive, validated gas chromatograpic-nitrogen selective detection (GC-NPD) method using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique.



The pharmacokinetics of deramciclane in dogs can be described by a two-compartment open model. Absorption was relatively fast and the maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax 7·3 ng mL−1; 99·9 ng mL−1) were reached at 2·17 h (tmax) after the administration of 0·5 and 3.0 mg kg−1 doses, respectively. The biological half-life (tβ1/2) were 9·32 and 8·46 h after 0·5 and 3·0 mg kg−1 oral doses, respectively. Comparison of the Cmax and AUC0-∞ values indicated a tendency toward non-linear pharmacokinetics. The values of volume of distribution (Vdss) (143·13; 44·10 L kg−1) suggested relatively marked tissue-binding by deramciclane.
Development of a Steerable Miniature Instrument to Manage Internal Carotid Artery Injury in Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery Simulation (2020)

Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is challenged by restricted visualization and dexterity, and the risk of internal carotid artery (ICA) injury. This study pursued two objectives: Development of a steerable, miniature multi-tool combining visualization and suction/irrigation, and development of a simulation model for ICA injury. The multi-tool featured a two degrees of freedom notched nitinol wrist controlled by a joystick. A theoretical range of motion of 90 degrees was intended. The inner lumen of the wrist was designed for suction and irrigation, a miniature camera attached to the tip would provide visualization. During testing, slack in the actuation cables affected the tools workspace and control. A maximum force of 0.45 N was applied through the tip. The simulation model was manufactured from medical grade ABS. It featured a removable nose cartridge for a cost efficient replacement method. A peristaltic pump and a needle tip were used for ICA injury simulation. For future evaluation of the model, a 5 point Likert scale was developed. Despite successful tests, some limitations remained. The tool was affected by slack and did not include illumination. No mucosal layer was included in the simulation model and haemostasis had to be assessed manually.
The influence of zinc on caspase-3 and DNA breakdown in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. (2001)

Zinc supplements are taken by many individuals. Low doses of zinc can protect RPE cells against ischemic-type insults as may occur in certain ocular complaints. Furthermore, high concentrations of zinc can damage RPE cells. Because zinc ions are known to be taken up by RPE cells from the choroidal circulation, the actual therapeutic dose taken by patients is critical.
Automata Processing in Reconfigurable Architectures (2019)

We present a general automata processing framework on FPGAs, which generates an RTL kernel for automata processing together with an AXI and PCIe based I/O circuitry. We implement the framework on both local nodes and cloud platforms (Amazon AWS and Nimbix) with novel features. A full performance comparison of the proposed framework is conducted against state-of-the-art automata processing engines on CPUs, GPUs, and Micron’s Automata Processor using the ANMLZoo benchmark suite and some real-world datasets. Results show that FPGAs enable extremely high-throughput automata processing compared to von Neumann architectures. We also collect the resource utilization and power consumption on the two cloud platforms, and find that the I/O circuitry consumes most of the hardware resources and power. Furthermore, we propose a fast, symbol-only reconfiguration mechanism based on the framework for large pattern sets that cannot fit on a single device and need to be partitioned. The proposed method supports multiple passes of the input stream and reduces the re-compilation cost from hours to seconds.
Line-edge roughness performance targets for EUV lithography (2017)

Our paper will use stochastic simulations to explore how EUV pattern roughness can cause device failure through rare events, so-called "black swans". We examine the impact of stochastic noise on the yield of simple wiring patterns with 36nm pitch, corresponding to 7nm node logic, using a local Critical Dimension (CD)-based fail criteria Contact hole failures are examined in a similar way. For our nominal EUV process, local CD uniformity variation and local Pattern Placement Error variation was observed, but no pattern failures were seen in the modest (few thousand) number of features simulated. We degraded the image quality by incorporating Moving Standard Deviation (MSD) blurring to degrade the Image Log-Slope (ILS), and were able to find conditions where pattern failures were observed. We determined the Line Width Roughness (LWR) value as a function of the ILS. By use of an artificial "step function" image degraded by various MSD blur, we were able to extend the LWR vs ILS curve into regimes that might be available for future EUV imagery. As we decreased the image quality, we observed LWR grow and also began to see pattern failures. For high image quality, we saw CD distributions that were symmetrical and close to Gaussian in shape. Lower image quality caused CD distributions that were asymmetric, with "fat tails" on the low CD side (under-exposed) which were associated with pattern failures. Similar non-Gaussian CD distributions were associated with image conditions that caused missing contact holes, i.e. CD=0.
Nontoxigenic sorbitol-fermenting Escherichia coli O157:H- associated with a family outbreak of diarrhoea. (2000)

A recent study from Germany reported the isolation of E. coli O157:H7/H- from patients with non-bloody diarrhoea and hemolytic uremic syndrome, questioning the role of Shiga toxin as the main trait of virulence for human disease. We isolated 6 sorbitol-fermenting E. coli O157:H- strains that do not contain Shiga toxin genes. The isolates originated from an outbreak (3 patients, 3 asymptomatic contacts) of non-bloody diarrhoea affecting two families sharing one household. Two children (age 10 months and 2 years) suffered severe diarrhoea over 30 and 10 days, respectively. Their uncle had moderate diarrhoea for 2 weeks. In contrast to the other isolates, the uncle's strain (EH109) did not harbour a chromosomal eae gene encoding gamma-intimin nor the plasmid gene E-hly; it also showed a PFGE pattern that was different from the unique pattern of the other isolates. Employing PFGE, phage typing, and P-gene typing, five of the six stx negative isolates were indistinguishable from the stx 2 positive "Bavarian outbreak strain". The only human serum tested, obtained from one asymptomatic contact, contained antibodies to the O157 lipopolysaccharide antigen. Our finding of five stx negative sorbitol-fermenting E. coli O157:H- isolates (harbouring eae and E-hly) associated with an outbreak of non-bloody diarrhoea supports the hypothesis that Stx production is not obligatory for the pathogenicity of E. coli O157 for humans.
An Improved Preparation of Gentisic Acid1 (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Improved Preparation of Gentisic Acid1Julius Lowenthal and J. M. PepperCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 7, 3292–3293Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01163a521https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01163a521research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views390Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are not related to bone turnover, rate of bone loss, and bone mass in postmenopausal women: The OFELY study (1996)

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have been reported to account for most of the well established genetic influence on bone mineral density (BMD). However, discordant studies have been published and it is still not clear whether VDR genotypes influence bone mass accretion and/or postmenopausal bone loss. In this study, we analyzed VDR gene polymorphisms, i.e., that of BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI restriction enzymes in 268 untreated postmenopausal women 1-26 years postmenopausal. There were 37 BBAA homozygote (absence of BsmI and ApaI restriction sites on both alleles), 55 bbaa homozygote (presence of restriction sites on both alleles), and 176 heterozygotes. At baseline, women between the three genotypes did not differ significantly in age, years since menopause, body mass index (BMI), nor dietary calcium intake. We found no relationship between VDR genotypes and bone turnover assessed by three serum markers of bone formation and three urinary bone resorption markers, nor with BMD measured at the spine, hip, forearm, and whole body by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Rates of bone loss assessed by repeated DXA measurements over 2 years were highly significant (p = 0.02-0.0001) at all skeletal sites except for the lumbar spine but did not differ between genotypes at any sites either before or after adjustment for potential confounding factors such as years since menopause, BMI, calcium intake, serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels, and baseline BMD. When we restricted the analysis to early postmenopausal women, within 10 years of menopause (n = 128), lumbar spine bone loss became significant, but no significant difference between VDR genotypes in the rate of bone loss measured at any site was found. We conclude that VDR genotypes are not predictive of bone turnover, rate of postmenopausal bone loss, and bone mass in either early or late postmenopausal women. In a subgroup of women with a low calcium intake (below 600 mg/day), we also found no significant differences between genotypes in BMD and the rate of bone loss measured at any site, although the sample size (n = 64) may be too small to detect small differences. In conclusion, these data, along with the absence of relationships between VDR gene polymorphisms and peak bone mass that we recently reported, suggest that the determination of VDR genotypes is probably not a useful clinical test for the risk assessment of osteoporosis.
Dual-pulse frequency compounded superharmonic imaging (2011)

Tissue second-harmonic imaging is currently the default mode in commercial diagnostic ultrasound systems. A new modality, superharmonic imaging (SHI), combines the third through fifth harmonics originating from nonlinear wave propagation through tissue. SHI could further improve the resolution and quality of echographic images. The superharmonics have gaps between the harmonics because the transducer has a limited bandwidth of about 70% to 80%. This causes ghost reflection artifacts in the superharmonic echo image. In this work, a new dual-pulse frequency compounding (DPFC) method to eliminate these artifacts is introduced. In the DPFC SHI method, each trace is constructed by summing two firings with slightly different center frequencies. The feasibility of the method was established using a single-element transducer. Its acoustic field was modeled in KZK simulations and compared with the corresponding measurements obtained with a hydrophone apparatus. Subsequently, the method was implemented on and optimized for a setup consisting of an interleaved phased-array transducer (44 elements at 1 MHz and 44 elements at 3.7 MHz, optimized for echocardiography) and a programmable ultrasound system. DPFC SHI effectively suppresses the ghost reflection artifacts associated with imaging using multiple harmonics. Moreover, compared with the single-pulse third harmonic, DPFC SHI improved the axial resolution by 3.1 and 1.6 times at the -6-dB and -20-dB levels, respectively. Hence, DPFC offers the possibility of generating harmonic images of a higher quality at a cost of a moderate frame rate reduction.
Developing a General Method to Assess Task-Technology Fit (1999)

This research generalizes a method of assessing task- technology fit that was developed for software maintenance tasks and tools. A general instrument is developed for assessing task needs, technology characteristics, and the resulting fit for general problem solving tasks and problem-solving support tools
The impact of the 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology Gleason grading consensus on active surveillance for prostate cancer (2017)

The 2005 ISUP GS revisions did not lower the rates of GS upgrades in RP specimens when compared to corresponding initial CNBs. Thus, these revisions did not improve AS selection. Future advances in molecular diagnostics may provide additional valuable information that facilitates patient enrollment in AS programs.
Persistent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection of Enteric Neurons Triggers CD8+ T Cell Response and Gastrointestinal Neuromuscular Dysfunction (2021)

Behind the central nervous system, neurotropic viruses can reach and persist even in the enteric nervous system (ENS), the neuronal network embedded in the gut wall. We recently reported that immediately following orogastric (OG) administration, Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infects murine enteric neurons and recruits mononuclear cells in the myenteric plexus. In the current work, we took those findings a step forward by investigating the persistence of HSV-1 in the ENS and the local adaptive immune responses against HSV-1 that might contribute to neuronal damage in an animal model. Our study demonstrated specific viral RNA transcripts and proteins in the longitudinal muscle layer containing the myenteric plexus (LMMP) up to 10 weeks post HSV-1 infection. CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>INFγ<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes skewed towards HSV-1 antigens infiltrated the myenteric ganglia starting from the 6<sup>th</sup> week of infection and persist up to 10 weeks post-OG HSV-1 inoculation. CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> cells isolated from the LMMP of the infected mice recognized HSV-1 antigens expressed by infected enteric neurons. <i>In vivo</i>, infiltrating activated lymphocytes were involved in controlling viral replication and intestinal neuromuscular dysfunction. Indeed, by depleting the CD8<sup>+</sup> cells by administering specific monoclonal antibody we observed a partial amelioration of intestinal dysmotility in HSV-1 infected mice but increased expression of viral genes. Our findings demonstrate that HSV-1 persistently infects enteric neurons that in turn express viral antigens, leading them to recruit activated CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes. The T-cell responses toward HSV-1 antigens persistently expressed in enteric neurons can alter the integrity of the ENS predisposing to neuromuscular dysfunction.
Basic Physico/Chemical Properties of Polymers (2012)

No AccessAdhesion and Adhesives TechnologyJun 2012Basic Physico/Chemical Properties of PolymersAlphonsus V. PociusAlphonsus V. Pociushttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446431775.005SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2012Pages: 129-144Print ISBN: 978-3-446-42748-8eISBN: 978-3-446-43177-5 Copyright & Permissions© 2012 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
Quantum Electron Sources for High Frequency Applications (2015)

One of the most important applications of quantum electron sources such as high frequency vacuum nanoelectronics devices is considered in details. The perspectives of resonant tunneling for realization of microwave devices is described and function principles and parameters of field emission resonant tunneling diode are analyzed. Some proposals for generation of THz signals both in solid state and in field emission vacuum devices are presented. The possibility of Gunn effect realization at electron field emission is described. The theory of field emission microwave sources including modulation gated FEA, current density is considered in details. The possibility of the creation of microwave sources based on CNT FEAs and their advantages are also analyzed.
Considerations for digital controllers targeted at conducted-noise spectrum-spreading in dc-dc converters (2010)

A substantial part of the manufacturing cost of power converters for telecommunication applications involves designing filters to comply with the EMI limits. This paper investigates the effect of several frequency modulation profiles on conducted-noise reduction in dc-dc converters with programmed switching controller. The converter is operated in variable frequency modulation regime. Twelve switching frequency modulation profiles have been studied. Some of the modulation data are prepared using MATLAB software, and others are generated online. Moreover, all the frequency profiles have been designed and implemented using FPGA and experimentally investigated. The experimental results show that the conducted-noise spreading depends on both the modulation sequence profile and the statistical characteristics of the sequence. Considering this investigation significantly reduces the filter size.
Modeling in Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Measurements Following the Formation of Mesostructured Silica (2009)

A new model for analyzing in situ small-angle X-ray scattering measurements of the formation of hexagonal ordered mesoporous silica has been developed. It employs a factorization of the scattering intensity into contributions from the form factor and the structure factor. The model can therefore be used for the entire synthesis from the first aggregation between the silica and surfactant to the formation of the final well-ordered material. It is shown that the model describes very well the experimental data from a synthesis of a material similar to SBA-15 where a nonionic surfactant is used as a structural directing agent for making mesoporous silica. The actual synthesis has been developed recently, and the main difference, as compared to the SBA-15 synthesis, is the synthesis pH of 2−3. This gives a comparably slow reaction rate and therefore better temporal resolution of the changes during the synthesis. The combination of the advanced model and the relatively slow synthesis means that the synthesis can be followed in greater detail than reported before. The results illustrate that the silica and the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) of the Pluronic interact at an early stage, forming cylindrical micelles. The increase in concentration of silica in the PEO region of the micelles can be followed, and it is determined how this affects the radii of both the core and the corona. The interaction then leads to the formation of larger aggregates of cylinders, and at this stage the hexagonal order also appears. The degree of order in the material can be followed in detail with the model, and it is shown that it increases rather slowly with time.
Negative regulation of STAT92E by an N-terminally truncated STAT protein derived from an alternative promoter site (2002)

Previously unrecognized mRNAs originating from a dual promoter at the stat92E locus are described. One of these encodes a truncated protein, DeltaNSTAT92E, that lacks the N-terminal 133 amino acids. Antibodies detect both the full-length and truncated molecules early in embryogenesis (1-5 h), and mRNA detection by specific RT-PCR reactions accords with the protein distribution. Given that the N termini of mammalian STATs are known to have positive functions in transcriptional activation, we explored the role of DeltaNSTAT92E early in embryogenesis. By increasing the DeltaNSTAT92E-to-STAT92E ratio in overexpression and RNAi experiments, we observe phenotypes compatible with suppression of wild-type STAT92E activity. We therefore conclude that the short form of STAT92E is a naturally occurring dominant-negative product that can be added to the growing list of negative regulators of STAT activity.
Enhanced root growth reduces Nitrous Oxide emissions (2022)

Nitrous oxide (N20) is a greenhouse gas that is three hundred times more potent than carbon dioxide. The majority of N20 emissions worldwide are the result of excess soil nitrogen being metabolized by microbes. It has been hypothesized that crops with better nitrogen uptake efficiency and more roots will reduce excess soil nitrogen therefore reducing N20 emissions. To test this hypothesis, a pilot study was performed in 2021 in collaboration with Iowa State University in which root growth dynamics were captured using RootTracker ™ technology in four commercial maize hybrids. This preliminary study showed a correlation between increased root growth and reduced N20 emissions. Further, we find genetic differences in root growth that is consistent across reps, suggesting that i) cultivar choice impacts N2O emissions and ii) that it is possible to breed for root system architecture to limit N2O emissions. It was also observed that the hybrid with the fastest rate of root growth (lowest N20 emissions) did not reach the greatest soil depth, suggesting early root establishment could be pivotal to more efficient nitrogen uptake. These preliminary results suggest there are differences in root growth by variety that could be exploited to reduce agricultural N20 emissions at scale.