gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
trans-Cinnamic Aldehyde Is A Time-Dependent Inhibitor of Human CYP2A6 (2010)

Cytochrome P450 2A6 is involved in the metabolism of nicotine and the activation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. It is expressed in the liver and several extrahepatic tissues including lung and nasal mucosa. Genetic variability of CYP2A6 is considerable and has clinical implications. CYP2A6 polymorphisms are suggested to influence smoking behavior and cancer risk (Pianezza et al., 1998 and Kamataki et al., 1999). The clearance of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, can be altered by CYP2A6 variants (Desta et al., 2010). While the relationship between CYP2A6 polymorphisms and nicotine metabolism is established, the impact of dietary constituents and other xenobiotics as CYP2A6 modulators is less understood. With this in mind, cinnamic aldehyde and related analogs were assessed for their capacity to modulate CYP2A6 activity in vitro. Cinnamic aldehyde is the major constituent in cinnamon oil and is present in a variety of foods, gums, cosmetic products, and supplements. Of three cinnamic derivatives cinnamic aldehyde displayed the greatest potency in IC50 studies (IC50 = 7.0 µM; IC50 = 354.4 µM and IC50 &gt; 2500 µM for cinnamic alcohol and cinnamic acid, respectively). Cinnamic aldehyde also exhibited time and NADPH dependent inhibition of coumarin hydroxylase activity (KI = 21.0 µM and kinact = 0.038 min-1). Molecular modeling identified five amino acids interacting with cinnamic aldehyde and threonine 305 was identified as a potential site for covalent modification by a reactive metabolite generated from activation of cinnamic aldehyde. The investigation of this model Michael acceptor molecule will facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanism of CYP2A6 inactivation by phenylpropanoids.
The association between breast density and HER2-positive breast cancer: A population-based case-control study. (2020)

e12556 Background: Little is known about the association between mammographic breast density and the subtypes of breast cancer including HER2-positive breast cancers (HER2-BrCa). The objective of this study was to assess the strength of association between breast density and HER2-BrCa in a population-based screening program. Methods: This is a population-based case-control breast cancer study of women aged 40 to 75 who underwent digital breast screening from 2009 to 2015 in Nova Scotia, Canada. Cases included women diagnosed with HER2-BrCa at screen or before their next screen (interval); controls included women without screen-detected cancer matched to cases by age and year of screen. Measures of mammographic breast density (percent density, BI-RADS-4th and -5th edition) were obtained from automated software (densitasai) and linked with clinical risk factor data (age, parity, total breast volume, post-menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy, family history and history of core biopsy). The association between breast density and cancer risk was assessed by calculating the odds ratios [OR] with 95% confidence intervals using multivariable logistic regression. Results: A total of 209 cases (median age, 58.8 years) and 6812 controls (median age, 59.4 years) were included. The risk of HER2-BrCa increased with increasing levels of percent breast density. High breast density according to BIRADS-4th and -5th editions was significantly associated with HER2-BrCa: BIRADS -4 th 3/4 vs 1: OR 2.50 (1.68 - 3.68); BIRADS-5 th C/D vs A: OR 2.58 (1.71 - 4.01). The association between higher breast density and increased risk of HER2-BrCa remained after adjustment for clinical factors. Conclusions: The risk of HER2-BrCa was associated with progressively higher mammographic breast density, although to a lesser extent than breast cancer in general. Accurate risk models including breast density may support the development of more breast-screening protocols that can lead to more strategic use of healthcare resources.
Hearing protectors and the possibility to detect noise-induced hearing damage using otoacoustic emissions in situ (2012)

Hearing conservation should allow early-detection of hearing damage. In this, otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) can be a reliable tool, but environmental noise is a serious drawback for OAE registration near the work floor. Here, noise attenuation offered by hearing protectors might help to measure OAEs in acoustically more challenging test conditions. As a proof of concept, transient evoked OAE (TEOAE) measurements are carried out in different levels of realistic industrial and broadband noise with and without earmuffs. The major research questions are (1) whether earmuffs can reduce noise sufficiently to extend tolerable background noise levels for OAE measurements, (2) how OAEs vary as a function of acoustical measurement conditions and (3) what the consequences are for pass-and-refer screening criteria. This project shows that earmuffs make TEOAE registration reliable in elevated levels of background noise, clearly too high for measurements without any additional noise attenuation. By contrast, unattenuated moderate background levels already result in refers for a considerable amount of subjects with (perfectly) present TEOAEs when measured in silence, but this classification mismatch is resolvable with earmuffs for substantially higher noise levels. However, also with earmuffs results deteriorate abruptly when background noise increases towards harmful levels.
High-valent oxomanganese clusters: structural and mechanistic work relevant to the oxygen-evolving center in photosystem II (1995)

Recent years have seen a considerable interest in bioinorganic chemistry; in particular, the structural and functional modeling of active sites of metalloproteins. The oxomanganese tetramer in the O2-evolving center (OEC) in photosystem II (PS II) of plants is thought to be the site of water oxidation to dioxygen. In conjunction with biophysical studies on the enzyme, inorganic chemists are trying to understand the structural and mechanistic aspects of the OEC by studying oxomanganese clusters. A number of such clusters, varying in nuclearity, ligation, and type and number of oxo-bridges, have been synthesized and characterized. Chemical, electrochemical and magnetic properties of these clusters have given much insight into the structure and function of the native enzyme. Here, we review recent efforts in inorganic model complex chemistry towards modeling the tetramanganese active site of PS II.
Inhibition of Growth of Mycoplasma meleagridis by a Heat-Labile Component of Turkey, Swine, and Guinea Pig Serums (1970)

SUMMARY A heat-labile factor which inhibited the growth of Mycoplasma meleagridis in broth and on agar was detected in freshly obtained serums from noninfected turkeys, swine, and guinea pigs. The growth-inhibiting activity was lost if the serum was heated (30 minutes at 56 C.) or if it was stored. Titers of the growth-inhibiting activity varied with different test methods, and negative results were observed with some methods. The heat-labile factor had a potentiating effect on the immune growth inhibition in agar.
How B12 deficiency can impact on the individual and how society can impact on B12 deficiency. (2001)

Textbook knowledge is invaluable to both veteran and novice clinicians in that it provides the bedrock of common wisdom upon which one builds the edifice we call differential diagnosis. This commonalty of experience is further reinforced in grand rounds and ward rounds, and is also supported by adjunct procedures and laboratory tests that become inseparable from the diagnosis itself. Thus, in the case of the clinical diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency, which, like folate deficiency does not initially manifest itself clinically as a full-blown syndrome, the differential diagnosis is largely based on an abnormal laboratory finding ± macrocytic anemia. Macrocytic anemia, by virtue of decades-long experience, is known to be part and parcel of the deficiency state, yet recognition of the anemia as macrocytic is actually not the first stage clinically. First is the occurrence of anemia, second is the observation that the anemia is macrocytic; and only then does the suspicion of an underlying cobalamin or folate deficiency arise [1]. Thus, it is generally accepted that once there is evidence of macrocytic anemia, B12 or folate deficiency should be suspected, and this initiates the cascade of laboratory evaluations necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Adaptive State-of-Charge Indication System for Li-ion Battery-Powered Devices (2008)

An algorithm that combines adaptive system with Electro-Motive-Force (EMF) measurements during equilibrium and current measurement and integration during (dis)charge states has been implemented in a real-time SoC evaluation system. During the discharge state also the effect of the overpotential is considered. The overpotential model includes a variety of parameters that are changing during cycling of the battery. Adaptive methods for the battery maximum capacity and for the overpotential model parameters are presented in this paper. The final aim is to predict the SoC and the remaining run-time of a Li-ion battery within 1% inaccuracy under all realistic user conditions.
Component-based frameworks for e-commerce (2000)

article Free Access Share on Component-based frameworks for e-commerce Author: Peter Fingar LLC, Washington, DC LLC, Washington, DCView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 43Issue 10Oct. 2000 pp 61–67https://doi.org/10.1145/352183.352204Online:01 October 2000Publication History 55citation5,600DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations55Total Downloads5,600Last 12 Months498Last 6 weeks62 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Reelwell Drilling Method (2009)

Abstract A new drilling method has been developed in a Joint Industry Project, funded by StatoilHydro, Shell and the Research Council of Norway through the Demo2000 programme. The new drilling method has the following features: –New drilling tools and procedures for improved downhole pressure control.–Optional drill-in liner for immediate wellbore isolation.–Potential elimination of lost circulation and hole cleaning problems. The new drilling method combines Managed Pressure Drilling and liner drilling. The method implies the use of a concentric drill string. A downhole sliding piston is attached to the string and used for improved downhole traction and pressure control. Several full scale drilling trials at the test rig "Ullrigg" in Stavanger have successfully demonstrated the main features of the new concept and its unique possibilities for improved pressure control and drilling performance.
Management of radioactive wastes (1975)

Abstract There are several areas of current concern either bordering on or regarding radioacitve waste management in the nuclear fuel eycle. These areas have local, regional and global aspects and require either immediate attention or preparation for future implications. Those areas requiring immediate attention are better management and control over mill tailings, a shortage of irradiated fuel storage space, and decommissioning criteria. Fuel storage should be recognized as a viable alternative to reprocessing for at least the next decade and suitable storage space incorporated in nuclear reactor facilities. Regulatory bodies should establish decommissioning criteria which then should be taken into account during the planning and design of a nuclear facility. Areas indicating future implications are removal and confinement of gaseous radionuclides, particularly tritium and krypton-85. There is now also some concern regarding carbon-14 which should be investigated. Resolving the high-level and alpha-bearing waste disposal question seems to be one of the most serious problems and highest priority objectives facing the nuclear industry today. Use of suitable geologic formations appears to be the only technology which will be available for the next several decades. The alternative is surface storage in engineered facilities which does not finally answer the question. Consequently, demonstrating the disposition of high-level and alpha-bearing wastes in suitable geologic formations should proceed without delay. International co-operation in the establishment and use of regional centres rather than having a proliferation of local facilities for fuel reprocessing should facilitate significantly the management of the resulting radioactive wastes. It also would reduce the hazards associated with having a large number of sources for radioactive releases. Nuclear power programmes can come closer to maturity through international co-operation in resolving the waste disposal question and minimizing the number of facilities involved in fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste management.
Normas internacionales de auditoría: principales impactos del Proyecto Clarity (2010)

El articulo 26 de la Directiva 2006/43/EC sobre auditoria estatutaria permitira a la Comision Europea adoptar las Normas Internacionales de Auditoria (NIA) emitidas por el International Auditing an Assurance Standards Board (IAASB). Ahora bien, las NIA deben adoptarse solo si, entre otras condiciones, su utilizacion contribuye en un alto grado a la credibilidad y calidad de los estados financieros auditados. Relevante para ello es el denominado Proyecto Claridad del IAASB en relacion con las NIA. Este Proyecto ha supuesto una revision sustancial de algunas normas, mientras que en o...
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Bearing Polyethynyl Bridges: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and their Applications (2021)

Abstract Polyacetylene bridged π‐conjugated polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have found wide applications in the fabrication of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), solar cells, organic photovoltaic devices (OPV), liquid crystal displays and sensors. The ease with which semiconducting and/or emissive behaviour of polyacetylene bridged PAHs could be modulated by tailored functionalities via state‐of‐art powerful synthetic tools along with their low production cost and mechanical flexibility makes them one among the favourites for versatile optoelectronic and sensing applications. The current review sheds light on the applicability of Sonogashira coupling in the synthesis of PAHs with alkynyl bridges with particular emphasis on their photophysical properties. The review further discusses the utility of alkynyl bridged PAHs from the point of view of their applications in optoelectronic devices and in sensing nitroaromatics. The rich synthetic Sonogashira coupling that is available at one‘s disposal along with the promising photophysical properties demonstrated by alkynyl bridged PAHs offers great promise in design of novel π‐conjugated molecules that are capable of exhibiting exciting optoelectronic and sensing applications.
Nociceptor and Hair Cell Transducer Properties of TRPA1, a Channel for Pain and Hearing (2005)

Mechanosensory channels of sensory cells mediate the sensations of hearing, touch, and some forms of pain. The TRPA1 (a member of the TRP family of ion channel proteins) channel is activated by pain-producing chemicals, and its inhibition impairs hair cell mechanotransduction. As shown here and previously, TRPA1 is expressed by hair cells as well as by most nociceptors (small neurons of dorsal root, trigeminal, and nodose ganglia) and localizes to their sensory terminals (mechanosensory stereocilia and peripheral free nerves, respectively). Thus, TRPA1 channels are proposed to mediate transduction in both hair cells and nociceptors. Accordingly, we find that heterologously expressed TRPA1 display channel behaviors expected for both auditory and nociceptive transducers. First, TRPA1 and the hair cell transducer share a unique set of pore properties not described for any other channel (block by gadolinium, amiloride, gentamicin, and ruthenium red, a ranging conductance of approximately 100 pS that is reduced to 54% by calcium, permeating calcium-induced potentiation followed by closure, and reopening by depolarization), supporting a direct role of TRPA1 as a pore-forming subunit of the hair cell transducer. Second, TRPA1 channels inactivate in hyperpolarized cells but remain open in depolarized cells. This property provides a mechanism for the lack of desensitization, coincidence detection, and allodynia that characterize pain by allowing a sensory neuron to respond constantly to sustained stimulation that is suprathreshold (i.e., noxious) and yet permitting the same cell to ignore sustained stimulation that is subthreshold (i.e., innocuous). Our results support a TRPA1 role in both nociceptor and hair cell transduction.
EXMOTIF: efficient structured motif extraction (2006)

EXMOTIF is a useful and efficient tool in discovering structured motifs, especially in DNA sequences. The algorithm is available as open-source at: http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~zaki/software/exMotif/.
Synthesis and Applications of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one based Hybrid Energetic Compositions (2014)

2 Military Technical Academy, 81-83 G. Cosbuc Blv., 050141, Bucharest, Romania The hazardous properties of the energetic materials have conducted to the necessity of considering new energetic formulations in terms of sensitivity, performances and processing. Taking into account the NTO (3- nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one) properties and the processing potential, polymer-bonded NTO formulations were considered. Processing and safety tests, together with performance parameters, show that it is possible to include 1% graphene without radically modifying the main performances, meanwhile increasing the processing capability.
Envirocat EPZG,Ra New Catalyst for the Conversion of Aldoximes Into Nitriles (1995)

Abstract The conversion of aldoximes into nitriles was carried out at 100°C in the absence of a solvent using Envirocat EPZGR as a new solid supported catalyst.
Aerial image metrology (AIMS) based mask-model accuracy improvement for computational lithography (2022)

In this paper, we study the feasibility of direct aerial image measurements with the ZEISS AIMS® EUV tool for quantification of mask effects that impact EPE budget and OPC model accuracy. We demonstrate the application of aerial image metrology for OPC model calibration, pattern shift detection, quantitative mask metrology and for Optical process window characterization.
Causal and passive interpolation of structural acoustic matrices (2015)

The present work investigates the causal and passive interpolation of structural acoustic matrices in the frequency domain. Interpolations significantly ease computational burdens involved in computing these matrices from models. For example, one may wish to compute a small admittance matrix, relating forces to velocities at points on a structure, from a large finite element model with over one million degrees of freedom. In many structural acoustic systems, the elements of such matrices vary smoothly with frequency and therefore interpolation can be accurate and effective. In the time domain, causality requires no effect before its cause. In the frequency domain, this takes the form of Hilbert transform relations that relate the real and imaginary parts of scalar transfer functions. Passivity requires that the net power dissipated by the structure over a cycle of vibration be positive semidefinite. The present work develops series expansions in which these conditions may be implicitly satisfied by the proper choice of basis functions. Coefficients of in the series expansion are found by matching the series to the known values at the interpolation points. Examples demonstrate situations in which the satisfaction of these physical conditions yields more accurate interpolations.
Computing Dependencies between DCT Coefficients for Natural Steganography in JPEG Domain (2019)

This short paper is an extension of a family of embedding schemes called Natural Steganography, which embeds a message by mimicking heteroscedastic sensor noise in the JPEG domain. Under the assumption that the development from RAW uses linear de- mosaicking, we derive a closed-form for the covariance matrix of DCT coefficients from 3 × 3 JPEG blocks. This computation relies on a matrix formulation of all steps involved in the development pipeline, which includes demosaicking, conversion to luminance, DCT transform, and reordering. This matrix is then used for pseudo-embedding in the JPEG domain on four lattices of 8 × 8 DCT blocks. The results obtained with the computed covariance matrix are contrasted with the results previously obtained with the covariance matrix estimated using Monte Carlo sampling and scaling. The empirical security using DCTR features at JPEG quality 100 increased from PE = 14% using covariance estimation and scaling to PE = 43% using the newly derived analytic form.
On the Age-Hardening of Cr-Mo-Fe Alloys (Studies on Cr-Mo-Fe Super-Heat-Resisting Alloys, 2nd Report) (1963)

By means of hardness measurement and microscopic observation, the aging characteristics of Cr-Mo-Fe alloys were investigated, on ternary alloys containing 5∼65%Cr and 5∼30%Mo, as well as a CM-469 alloy (60%Cr, 25%Mo, bal.Fe), prepared by rapid melting in a carbon-resistance furnace and in an inert arc furnace, respectively. The alloys were solution treated at 1250°C, and then aged at 600°∼900°C for period up to 1000 hrs. The results obtained are summerized as follows: (1) Age-hardening takes place in the α-phase region of the ternary system due to the precipitation of ε-, χ-, and σ-phases, respectively, according to Cr content. (2) In alloys with less than about 50%Cr, their hardness in solution treated as well as age hardend states, and their optimum aging temperature are raised with increase of Cr and Mo contents. (3) In alloys with more than about 50%Cr, the precipitation of σ-phase takes place very slowly, its precipitation hardening being raised with increase of Mo content but contrarily with decrease of Cr content; this suggests the superiority of Cr-base alloys in creep-resisting properties at high temperatures. (4) Differences in aging characteristics due to melting method were also discussed for a CM-469 alloy, arc-melted versus air-melted.
Recent advances in flip chip wafer bumping using solder paste technology (2003)

Flip chip wafer bumping using solder paste technology is currently in high volume production for minimum bump pitches in the range of 150 microns peripheral and 225 microns area array. This paper also covers the recent advances made in the bumping of wafers with 120 to 150 micron peripheral pitches as well as 200 micron pitch area array pitches. Information on flip chip bump cross sections, height uniformity and shear strength are also shown. Design rules for utilizing these fine pitch bump structures are shown, including both the bump design rules as well as the IC design rules. A principle advantages of the solder paste bumping technology is the ability to accurately control the solder alloy composition. This capability has been utilized to create a unique lead free solder alloy that is a quaternary alloy. This lead free alloy, which is currently in bump process development, has demonstrated a reliability increase of 50% over that of 63 Sn/Pb solder for flip chip applications. Lead free solders provide a potentially feasible path to meet ultra low alpha requirements as well as meeting the coming environmental restrictions on the use of lead. This Pb free alloy has a melting range of 190 to 200/spl deg/C. Flip chips bumped with this alloy were successfully assembled to laminate substrates with a peak reflow temperature of 230/spl deg/C.