gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sexual function in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. (1996)

This study evaluated the sexual function in an unselected population referred to hospital for treatment of clinical BPH. 401 patients filled in the DAN-PSS questionnaire including 3 questions concerning sexuality (erection, ejaculation volume and pain/discomfort during eja culation). The patients were divided into four age groups (< 50; 50-59; 60-69 and > 69 years). The answers were analyzed for severity of symptoms and the related bothersomeness. The proportion of patients with erectile dysfunction increased with increasing age, and the related bother was much higher in the young males. Fiftyfour percent noticed that the amount of semen had decreased, and a correlation between increasing age and smaller ejaculation volume was observed. However, the related botherfactor was low. There was an age independent occurrence of about 15% of patients experiencing pain/discomfort during ejaculation and the bother factor is high. This study shows that the questions concerning sexuality in the DAN-PSS score system are formulated in a way that most patients can understand, and are willing to fill in the form.
Optimization of Formulations Using Robotic Experiments Driven by Machine Learning DoE (2021)

Formulated products are complex mixtures of ingredients whose time to market can be difficult to speed due to the lack of general predictable physical models for the desired properties. Here, we report the coupling of a machine learning classification algorithm with the Thompson sampling efficient multiobjective optimization (TSEMO) algorithm for the simultaneous optimization of continuous and discrete outputs. The methodology is successfully applied to the design of a formulated liquid product of commercial interest for which no physical models are available. Experiments are carried out in a semiautomated fashion using robotic platforms triggered by the machine learning algorithms. The procedure allows one to find nine suitable recipes meeting the customer-defined criteria within 15 working days, outperforming human intuition in the target performance of the formulations.
Optimum Encoding Approaches on Video Resolution Changes: A Comparative Study (2018)

Video resolution changes in an HTTP adaptive streaming session may negatively affect the viewer's quality of experience. Our goal is, through encoding, to make such resolution changes less noticeable for the viewers. This can be achieved by taking video complexity features into account during the encoding process. In this paper, we compare Constant Bitrate (CBR) versus Constrained Constant Rate Factor (CRF) coding approaches and their effects on the noticeability of video resolution changes. To this end, we conducted a dedicated subjective study with 20 subjects in a quasi -lab environment. Our results suggest that choices for fixed-bitrate encoding have to be improved by deeper analysis of video complexity and resolution change patterns.
<title>Computational Methods For Optical Thin Films</title> (1978)

This paper reviews the Smith Chart and the characteristic matrix for evaluating the reflectance of optical thin films. The methods are developed from fundamentals and brief examples are given. The use of an HP-67 programmable calculator to make computations based on these methods is also discussed.
The effect of recombinant and plasma‐derived prothrombin on prothrombin time in human plasma (2014)

At normal plasma concentration of FII, addition of FII should not have an effect on PT. The prolonged PT with Innovin(®) , but not with other PT reagents, at supranormal FII concentration is an artefact.
Triazolophthalazines: Easily Accessible Compounds with Potent Antitubercular Activity (2016)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major causes of death worldwide, in particular because of the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB. Herein we explored the potential of an alternative class of molecules as anti-TB agents. Thus, a series of novel 3-substituted triazolophthalazines was quickly and easily prepared from commercial hydralazine hydrochloride as starting material and were further evaluated for their antimycobacterial activities and cytotoxicities. Four of the synthesized compounds were found to effectively inhibit the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) H37 Rv strain with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values <10 μg mL(-1) , whereas no compounds displayed cytotoxicity against HCT116 human cell lines (IC50 >100 μm). More remarkably, the most potent compounds proved to be active to a similar extent against various multidrug-resistant M.tb strains, thus uncovering a mode of action distinct from that of standard antitubercular agents. Overall, their ease of preparation, combined with their attractive antimycobacterial activities, make such triazolophthalazine-based derivatives promising leads for further development.
Density parameter estimation of skewed α-stable distributions (2001)

Over the last few years, there has been a great interest in /spl alpha/-stable distributions for modeling impulsive data. As a critical step in modeling with /spl alpha/-stable distributions, the problem of estimating the parameters of stable distributions have been addressed by several works in the literature. However, many of these works consider only the special case of symmetric stable random variables. This is an important restriction, however, since most real-life signals are skewed. The existing techniques on estimating skewed distribution parameters are either computationally too expensive, require lookup tables, or have poor convergence properties. We introduce three novel classes of estimators for the parameters of general stable distributions, which are generalizations of the methods previously suggested for parameter estimation of symmetric stable distributions. These estimators exploit expressions we develop for fractional lower order, negative order, and logarithmic moments and tail statistics. We also introduce simple transformations that allow one to use existing symmetric stable parameter estimation techniques. Techniques suggested in this paper provide the only closed-form solutions we are aware of for parameters that may be efficiently computed. Simulation results show that at least one of our new estimators has better performance than the existing techniques over most of the parameter space. Furthermore, our techniques require substantially less computation.
Contact force assignment using fuzzy logic (2002)

This paper outlines a method by which the contact forces required to apply an arbitrary wrench to a stably grasped object may be calculated quickly. The assignment of contact forces, given a required object wrench, is accomplished through the use of fuzzy logic. This concept is referred to as the fuzzy logic reactive system (FLRS). The solution is versatile with respect to goals inherent in the rule-base and the input parameters, and is also applicable for an arbitrary number of contacts. The goal presented in this paper, to illustrate the basic concept of the FLRS, is the minimization of the norm of the contact forces using point contacts with friction. Results comparing the contact force assignment for this method and a numerical approximation of the optimal method proposed by Nakamura are given. The results show that FLRS will satisfy the object wrench and frictional constraints while achieving near optimal contact force assignment. This method is shown to require significantly fewer floating point operations than the solution calculated using numerical constrained optimization techniques.
Joule-class 940 nm diode laser bars for millisecond pulse applications (2015)

Diode laser bars with optimized epitaxial designs, long resonators and passivated facets deliver joule-class millisecond pulses (kilowatts of peak power) with the properties needed by advanced high-energy-class solid-state laser systems, at brightness over 3 MW/(cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> sr).
Individual Variability of Hearing-Impaired Consonant Perception (2013)

The study of hearing impaired speech recognition at the consonant level allows for a detailed examination of individual variability. Use of low-context stimuli, such as consonants, aids in minimizing the influence of some variable cognitive abilities (e.g., use of context, memory) across listeners and focuses on differences in the processing or interpretation of the existing acoustic consonant cues. We show that hearing-impaired perception can vary across multiple tokens of the same consonant, in both noise robustness and confusion groups. Within-consonant differences in noise robustness are related to differences in intensity of the consonant cue region. For a single listener, high errors can exist for a small subset of test stimuli, while performance for the majority of test stimuli remains at ceiling. The existence of within-consonant differences in confusion groups entails that an average over multiple tokens of the same consonant results in a larger confusion group than for a single consonant token. For each consonant token, the same confusion group is consistently observed across a population of hearing-impaired listeners. Quantifying perceptual differences provides insight into the perception of speech under noisy conditions and characterizes each listener's hearing impairment.
An Efficient Synthesis of a Spirocyclic Oxindole Analogue (2006)

An efficient, scaleable synthesis approach towards the spirocyclic oxindole analogue 1'-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-oxospiro[indoline-3,4'-piperidine]-5-carboxylic acid (1) is described. The key steps are dianion alkylation and cyclization of ethyl 2- oxindoline-5-carboxylate (4) and demethylation of the resulting spirocyclic oxindole ethyl 1'-methyl-2-oxospiro[indoline-3,4'-piperidine]-5-carboxylate (5). The target compound was obtained in an overall yield of 35 % over eight steps without resorting to chromatographic purification.
ATP-Dependent K+ Channels Contribute to Local Metabolic Coronary Vasodilation in Experimental Diabetes (2002)

This study tested whether ATP-dependent K(+) channels (K(ATP) channels) are an important mechanism of functional coronary hyperemia in conscious, instrument-implanted diabetic dogs. Data were collected at rest and during exercise before and after induction of diabetes with alloxan monohydrate (40-60 mg/kg intravenously). K(ATP) channels were inhibited with glibenclamide (1 mg/kg intravenously). In nondiabetic dogs, arterial plasma glucose concentration increased from 4.8 +/- 0.3 to 21.5 +/- 2.2 mmol/l 1 week after alloxan injection. In nondiabetic dogs, exercise increased myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO(2)) 3.4-fold, myocardial O(2) delivery 3.0-fold, and heart rate 2.4-fold. Coronary venous PO(2) decreased from 19.9 +/- 0.8 mmHg at rest to 14.8 +/- 0.8 mmHg during exercise. Diabetes significantly reduced myocardial O(2) delivery and lowered coronary venous PO(2) from 16.3 +/- 0.6 mmHg at rest to 13.1 +/- 0.9 mmHg during exercise. Glibenclamide did not alter the slope of the coronary venous PO(2) versus MVO(2) relationship in nondiabetic dogs. In diabetic dogs, however, glibenclamide further reduced myocardial O(2) delivery; coronary venous PO(2) fell to 9.0 +/- 1.0 mmHg during exercise, and the slope of the coronary venous PO(2) versus MVO(2) relationship steepened. These findings indicate that K(ATP) channels contribute to local metabolic coronary vasodilation in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs.
Varietal difference in dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates in nodal segments of stem in two varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at pre- and post-heading stages (2021)

The non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) stored in rice stems (culm plus leaf sheaths) at pre-heading stage is one of the major carbon sources for grain filling. In this study, we conducted field experiments in 2018 and 2019 using two varieties, Momiroman (japonica-dominant) and Teqing (indica), which have different accumulation and remobilization patterns of NSC in the stems. We analyzed NSC dynamics of each of the five nodal segments of internodes and leaf sheaths at pre- and post-heading stages. The dynamics of NSC at pre- and post-heading stages differed among segments. The lower segments of internodes and leaf sheaths accumulated more NSC at pre-heading stage compared to the upper segments in both varieties. The lower internodes in Teqing were morphologically larger than in Momiroman and would be able to store more NSC. However, the upper parts of the stems required biomass for development and formation at the stage of NSC accumulation in stems. Momiroman had longer upper internodes and leaf sheaths and required more biomass than Teqing. The NSC remobilization was later in the upper than the lower internodes for both varieties, which led to the delay of NSC remobilization in the entire culm after heading. These results indicated that ideal morphology of stems, to maximize the potential contribution of stem NSC as the carbon source for grain filling, is large lower internodes and short upper internodes and leaf sheaths.
Studien über Lactame (1969)

Abstract Aus der starken Aktivierung des Methinwasserstoffs in den Halogenacetaminomalonaten und ‐phenylacetaten 4 durch eine N ‐[4‐Nitro‐phenyl]‐Gruppe bei der Cyclisierung zu den β‐Lactamen 5 sowie der Lage der CO‐Bande der Amidgruppe in 5 und der Ringbeständigkeit wird auf Coplanarität des N ‐Nitrophenylrings mit den drei Valenzen des Stickstoffs in den Amiden 4 und Lactamen 5 geschlossen. In den N ‐[2‐Chlor‐4‐nitro‐phenyl]‐und N ‐[2‐Nitrophenyl]‐halogenacetaminoestern 4h und i ist der Arylring aus der Ebene des sp 2 ‐Stickstoffs herausgedreht, begleitet von einer deutlichen Abnahme der Methinwasserstoff‐Aktivierung.
Formation of Sink Vortices in a Jet Engine Test Cell (2008)

Vortices can be produced and ingested into the intake of a jet engine during high power operation in the vicinity of solid surfaces causing Foreign Object Damage (FOD) or compressor stall and engine surge problems. This can occur when the engine is mounted on the wing of a plane during take-off and engine ground runs or when the engine is placed inside a test cell for testing after an engine overhaul and prior to reinstallation onto the aircraft. In order to prevent such vortices from forming, especially in the test cells, it is necessary to be able to predict the onset of the vortex or understand the factors affecting the formation of such vortices. Ho and Jermy ( TD 1 D T ) investigated vortex formation using a suction tube in a open-end box model simulating an engine in a test cell scenario and found that 3 distinct regimes of flow (regular vortex, deformed vortex and no vortex) exists as the ratio of suction inlet velocity to upstream average velocity (Vi/Vo) varies. The effect of the upstream velocity gradient and suction inlet diameter on the threshold is considered. The results show that the as the size of the suction inlet diameter is increased, the range of conditions over which a vortex forms also increases. This is in line with earlier findings ( TD 2 D T ) in the take-off and engine run scenarios. The threshold for all three regimes appears to shift to a lower Vi/Vo for a given ratio of height over inlet diameter (H/Di). This indicates that in order to accommodate a larger engine, it is necessary to increase the size of the test cell by more than the ratio of engine diameters if the same margin of safety (with respect to vortex formation) are to be maintained.
SUOMEN NORMILANTA – laskentajärjestelmän kuvaus ja ensimmäiset tulokset (2017)

Tämä raportti dokumentoi ensimmäisen version Suomen normilanta –järjestelmästä. Järjestelmä laskee lantojen määrän ja ominaisuudet massataseena aina eläinten ruokinnasta ja erityksestä eläinsuojan ratkaisujen kautta varastoituun lantaan. Järjestelmässä on varaus 74 eri eläinluokalle, joista pääosa voidaan jo laskea. Lantatyyppejä on neljä: lietelanta, kuivikelanta, kuivikepohjalanta ja eriliskerätyt kuivalanta ja virtsa. Tuloksena saadaan vuosittaiset määrät lannalle sekä sen sisältämille kuiva-aineelle, orgaaniselle aineelle, typelle, fosforille ja kaliumille (tonnia per eläin(paikka) per vuosi). Myös kuiva-aineen, orgaanisen aineen ja ravinteiden pitoisuudet lasketaan (kg/t). Järjestelmä laskee myös kansallisia ja alueellisia koonteja em. lantatiedoista sekä lantojen sisältämän energian biologi-sena metaanintuottopotentiaalina (biokaasu). Laskentajärjestelmä toimii hyvin. Sen tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää lukuisissa eri toimissa päätöksenteon ja hallinnon tukena, päästöinventaarioissa, lannan käsittelyn ja prosessoinnin kehittämisessä sekä käytännön lannankäsittelyssä tiloilla. Järjestelmän tuottamien tulosten laatua voidaan edelleen parantaa tiettyjen lähtötietojen päivittämisellä ja/tai selvittämisellä. Suomen normilanta –järjestelmä kehitettiin Luonnonvarakeskus Luken ja Suomen ympäristökeskus SYKEn yhteistyönä vuosina 2014-2017. Järjestelmän rahoittivat ympäristöministeriö (pääprojekti) ja maa- ja metsätalousministeriö (jatkokehitys mm. erityslaskentaan liittyen). Kehittämistyö jatkuu edelleen. Tässä raportissa esitetään järjestelmän suomenkielinen tiivistelmä. Täsmällisempi dokumentaatio on saatavilla englanniksi (Luostarinen ym. 2017a).
Direct-Repeat Analysis of Chromatid Interactions during Intrachromosomal Recombination in Mouse Cells (1991)

Homologous intrachromosomal recombination between linked genes can involve interactions that are either intramolecular (intrachromatid) or intermolecular (sister chromatid). To assess the relative proportions of chromatid interactions, we report studies of intrachromosomal recombination in mouse L cells containing herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase genes in two alternative configurations of direct repeats. By comparing products of reciprocal exchanges between these two configurations, we conclude that the majority of interactions that give rise to crossover products involve unequally paired sister chromatids after DNA replication. Analyses of an additional class of crossover products that involve discontinuous associated gene conversion suggest that these recombination events involve a heteroduplex DNA intermediate.
48.2: Panel Design & Simulation of 40‐in. TFT‐LCD (2002)

Abstract A 40‐inch wide screen format TFT‐LCD with a resolution of 1280×768 has been developed for HDTV application. We have overcome the size limitation of 40‐inch panel with optimum panel design and succeeded with current fabricating process. In this paper, we present the panel design and parameter simulation result of 40‐inch TFT‐LCD to obtain uniform picture quality.
A Fast and Inexpensive High-Throughput Protocol for Isolating High Molecular Weight Genomic DNA from Lichens (2016)

Werth, S., Reynisdóttir, S., Guðmundsson, H. & Andrésson, Ó. S. 2016. A fast and inexpensive high-throughput protocol for isolating high molecular weight genomic DNA from lichens. — Herzogia 29: 610–616.Isolating high molecular weight DNA as required for genomic library preparations and other applications is a challenging task. We optimized a glass-fiber column-based, high throughput DNA isolation protocol to yield comparatively large quantities of high molecular weight, pure DNA; cell lysis based on a CTAB buffer was followed by centrifugation to remove cell debris, binding to a glass-fiber membrane under high concentration of a chaotropic salt (guanidine hydrochloride), followed by two 70 % ethanol washes and elution. This method was utilized successfully on several species of lichenized ascomycetes and on two non-lichenized basidiomycetes. Thus, while developed for lichens, the method is suitable for a range of fungal taxa.
Fabrication and characterization of nano-composite scaffold of PLLA/silane modified hydroxyapatite (2010)

In order to improve the interfacial connection of hydroxyapatite (HAP) to poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA), gamma-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (gamma-MPS) was used as a coupling agent to modify the surface of nano-HAP (NHAP) particles. The FTIR and XPS results showed gamma-MPS was successfully bonded on the surface of NHAP. Silane modified nano-HAP (MNHAP) and PLLA were fabricated to nano-composite scaffold by a thermally induced phase separation method. The characterization of the composite scaffold showed that the scaffold had a nano-fibrous PLLA network (fiber size 100-800 nm), an interconnective microporous structure (1-8 microm) and high porosity (>90%). MNHAP was homogeneously distributed in the scaffold, also partly set in the nano-PLLA fibers. As a result, the compressive modulus and the protein adsorption of PLLA/MNHAP (80:20, w/w) composite scaffold increased to 4.2-fold and 2.8-fold compared with those of a pure PLLA scaffold. Incorporating MNHAP into PLLA network also buffered the pH reduction and reduced the weight loss in vitro degradation significantly.
Transmitting Data on the Phase of Speech Signals (1982)

A method for embedding data into speech signals without recourse to bandwidth expansion is proposed. Sampled speech is assembled into contiguous blocks of N samples and the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is performed on each block. All the phase components in the message band, or the last J components in this band, are discarded when unvoiced or voiced speech is present, respectively. The data is introduced in the place of these rejected phase components, being +π/2 for a logical 0 and −π/2 for a logical 1. The magnitude of the coefficients associated with the data-carrying phase components are scaled to guard against data errors resulting from channel noise. The inverse DFT yields the transmitted sequence. The receiver performs the inverse process, stripping off the data and replacing it with random phase values. For an average transmission rate of approximately 1 kb/s and a channel signal-to-noise ratio of 30 dB, the bit error rate was 5.5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−4</sup> , and the average signal-to-noise ratios for voiced and unvoiced speech were 24 and −3 dB, respectively. However, the unvoiced sounds were perceived with negligible distortion owing to the preservation of their magnitude spectra. Modest error-correction codes can be used to reduce the bit error rate to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−4</sup> while maintaining the same recovered speech quality, provided the average transmitted bit rate is decreased to ≃500 b/s.
Dynamic expression and roles of sequestome‑1/p62 in LPS‑induced acute kidney injury in mice (2018)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications of sepsis. The roles of autophagy in AKI have been demonstrated in previous studies. Sequestosome‑1 (p62) has been demonstrated to serve essential roles in autophagy. The dysregulation of autophagy causes p62 accumulation, which is associated with increased inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, the expression patterns and role of p62 in septic AKI remain unknown. The present study detected the renal autophagy level, and the expression and localization of p62, in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced AKI mouse model. The results demonstrated that autophagy was induced in the kidneys of LPS‑treated mice. The mRNA and protein levels of p62 were decreased in whole renal tissue samples and increased in mice treated with LPS. Immunohistochemistry indicated that p62 protein was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of proximal tubules under normal conditions and was significantly decreased following LPS injection into the cortex. In addition, p62 protein was gradually redistributed to the outer and inner medullas following treatment with LPS. In vitro experiments demonstrated that overexpression of p62 significantly decreased the viability and increased the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis rate, of renal tubular epithelial cells. By contrast, interference with p62 expression using small interfering RNA increased the cell viability and decreased the LDH release and apoptosis rate. The results of the present study demonstrated that p62 may aggravate LPS‑induced acute kidney injury in mice by promoting apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells.