gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Porous Silicon on the Gas Diffusion Layer of Micro Fuel Cells (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Characterisation of semi-volatile hydrocarbon emissions from diesel engines (2020)

Exhaust emissions from diesel vehicles have recently been receiving global attention, due to potential human health effects associated with exposure to emitted pollutants. In addition, a link has recently been established between unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from diesel engines and photochemical smog. Despite being present at very low concentrations in the exhaust, these HCs may act as precursors in the formation of photochemical smog pollution. While short-chain HCs are easier to characterise and have been successfully reduced in many developed cities, longer chain HCs, most likely arising from diesel exhaust emissions, have been poorly quantified and to date, a limited range of HCs from this source has been studied. In this study, transient cycle tests were conducted to collect exhaust emissions from a Euro 3 compliant, 1.6 L test engine fuelled with three diesel fuels (SAM10, PAR10, and EUR10), using portable denuder samplers which were analysed by thermal desorption-comprehensive 2D gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC x GC-TofMS). The SAM10 diesel had the greatest n-alkane emissions with greater emissions observed in the earlier phases (low and medium phase) of the WLTC test cycle. PAR10 diesel had the second highest n-alkane emissions and EUR10 had the lowest n-alkane emissions amongst the three fuels. Substituted alkyl-benzenes were also detected in the gas phase emissions from each fuel. The results showed that long-chain HCs were present at easily detectable concentrations in diesel engine exhaust emissions, which is critical in understanding their contribution to photochemical ozone and informing appropriate mitigation and management strategies.
Multiple-Input Data Acquisition System (MIDAS) for Measuring the Carbon Content in Soil Using Inelastic Neutron Scattering (2009)

XIA, the BNL participants never completed the prototype vehicle, performed system integration, or carried out the proposed qualification and field tests, leaving the project incomplete.
Mise en place et diffusion d’un campus numériqueen milieu hospitalo-universitaire :l’exemple de l’oto-rhino-laryngologie (ORL) (2007)

Contexte : Le campus numérique d’ORL est issu d’un projet de modernisation de l’enseignement suite aux appels à projets « Campus numériques français » lancés entre 2000 et 2002 par le ministère de l’Education nationale. Matériels : Réorganisation du contenu pédagogique du deuxième cycle des études médicales dans l’optique de la formation aux épreuves nationales classantes des étudiants en médecine, avec mise à disposition sur une plate-forme librement accessible, gérée par le collège français d’ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale (CFORL). Application par une plate-forme spécifiquement dédiée à l’apprentissage à distance (Acol@d, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg) pour les pays francophones avec tutorat synchrone et asynchrone. Buts : 1) actualisation et modernisation des contenus pédagogiques ; 2) homogénéisation de ceux-ci au niveau national sous l’égide du collège français d’ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale (CFORL) ; 3) diffusion des connaissances labellisées par le CFORL par l’Université Médicale Virtuelle Francophone (UMVF) ; 4) mise en place d’une formation annuelle à distance destinée aux pays de langue française et anglaise, avec sanction par un diplôme d’université. Conclusion : La concrétisation sur une période de trois ans de ces objectifs justifie l’éligibilité initiale du projet et permet à notre spécialité d’entrer dans une phase de diffusion des connaissances sur le plan international. Cette phase initiale fondatrice doit être prochainement évaluée du point de vue des enseignants et des étudiants.
Engineering orthogonal synthetic timer circuits based on extracytoplasmic function σ factors (2018)

The rational design of synthetic regulatory circuits critically hinges on the availability of orthogonal and well-characterized building blocks. Here, we focus on extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors, which are the largest group of alternative σ factors and hold extensive potential as synthetic orthogonal regulators. By assembling multiple ECF σ factors into regulatory cascades of varying length, we benchmark the scalability of the approach, showing that these 'autonomous timer circuits' feature a tuneable time delay between inducer addition and target gene activation. The implementation of similar timers in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis shows strikingly convergent circuit behavior, which can be rationalized by a computational model. These findings not only reveal ECF σ factors as powerful building blocks for a rational, multi-layered circuit design, but also suggest that ECF σ factors are universally applicable as orthogonal regulators in a variety of bacterial species.
The Chinese Hamster Dihydrofolate Reductase Replication Origin Beta Is Active at Multiple Ectopic Chromosomal Locations and Requires Specific DNA Sequence Elements for Activity (2001)

To identify cis-acting genetic elements essential for mammalian chromosomal DNA replication, a 5.8-kb fragment from the Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) locus containing the origin beta (ori-beta) initiation region was stably transfected into random ectopic chromosomal locations in a hamster cell line lacking the endogenous DHFR locus. Initiation at ectopic ori-beta in uncloned pools of transfected cells was measured using a competitive PCR-based nascent strand abundance assay and shown to mimic that at the endogenous ori-beta region in Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells. Initiation activity of three ectopic ori-beta deletion mutants was reduced, while the activity of another deletion mutant was enhanced. The results suggest that a 5.8-kb fragment of the DHFR ori-beta region is sufficient to direct initiation and that specific DNA sequences in the ori-beta region are required for efficient initiation activity.
Neural Network Modeling of Parallel-Plain Fin Heat Sink (2013)

The paper aims at optimizing the heat sink dimensions by maximizing the heat dissipation and minimizing thermal resistance and pressure drop. In this paper, a Neural network model is built for a parallel-plain fin heat sink. The model is developed using an experimental data from the literature. In addition, a quadratic model equation of the affecting parameters is constructed and analyzed using Response Surface Methodology for determining the important factors affecting the performance of the heat sink, and the quadratic effect of every factor by using design of experiment, analysis of variance and regression analysis. The results of the neural network model are compared with the experiment and it is shown that the error does not exceed 13.54%. This value is considered small and acceptable for such system.
Effects of forced oscillations in power system damping estimation (2012)

This article analyzes the impact of forced power system oscillations on mode damping estimation. Parametric (Yule-Walker) and non-parametric (Welch) methods for mode estimation are tested in the presence of forced power system oscillations. For mode damping estimation based on non-parametric methods, an application of Half Power Point method is proposed. Performances of the mode estimators are evaluated using both simulated and real synchrophasor data from the Nordic Grid. The presence of forced oscillations poses difficulties to mode damping estimators, these difficulties are identified, illustrated and explained herein.
Enforcement of security policy rules for the Internet of Things (2014)

According to the European Union data protection legislation, privacy is a fundamental right that should be protected in the interaction of the citizen with the digital world. In the evolution of Internet towards new paradigms like Internet of Things (IoT), protection of privacy can be a challenging task because IoT connected objects can generate an enormous amount of data, some of which actually constitute personal data. In addition, it is difficult to control the flow of data when there is no user interface or adequate tools for the user. In this paper we describe an efficient solution to enforcement security policy rules that addresses this challenge, and takes a more general enterprise architecture approach for security and privacy engineering in IoT. This enforcement solution is based on a Model-based Security Toolkit named SecKit, and its integration with the MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol layer, which is a widely adopted technology to enable the communication between IoT devices. In this paper, we describe the motivation and design of our enforcement solution, demonstrating its feasibility and the performance results in a case study.
Patellar complications following total knee arthroplasty. (1979)

We studied the complications involving the patella following total knee arthroplasty in eighty-six knees in which thirty-four unconstrained and fifty-two offset hinge prostheses had been implanted. The abnormalities that we studied included: patellar dislocation, five knees; subluxation, eighteen knees; localized wear, three knees; and generalized wear, four knees. In twenty-three patients these complications were associated with patellar malalignment, and occurred predominantly when the offset hinge model of prosthesis was used. The complications were attributed partly to mechanical factors inherent in the prosthetic design and partly to anatomical abnormalities. Failure of the surgeon to compensate adequately for both of those factors at the time of operation was a factor in most of the complications.
Films (1967)

Four years ago the Nuffield Science Teaching Project was born. Teachers had a growing conviction that science syllabuses were no longer proving equal to the task — and were preventing pupils from developing a scientific outlook. A grant by the Nuffield Foundation enabled a far-reaching study to get under way, and the recent film Exploring Chemistry (b/w, 35 min) shows what progress the Project has made in the field of chemistry teaching.
Unsupervised Sparse Pattern Diagnostic of Defects With Inductive Thermography Imaging System (2015)

This paper proposes an unsupervised method for diagnosing and monitoring defects in inductive thermography imaging system. The proposed method is fully automated and does not require manual selection from the user of the specific thermal frame images for defect diagnosis. The core of the method is a hybrid of physics-based inductive thermal mechanism with signal processing-based pattern extraction algorithm using sparse greedy-based principal component analysis (SGPCA). An internal functionality is built into the proposed algorithm to control the sparsity of SGPCA and to render better accuracy in sizing the defects. The proposed method is demonstrated on automatically diagnosing the defects on metals and the accuracy of sizing the defects. Experimental tests and comparisons with other methods have been conducted to verify the efficacy of the proposed method. Very promising results have been obtained where the performance of the proposed method is very near to human perception.
A bittersweet symphony (2014)

This issue analyzes new work expanding the range of how genetic dysregulation of succinate dehydrogenase subunit (SDHx) genes can cause cancer syndromes with a prominent endocrine component, in this case Carney triad, which is characterized by gastrointestinal stromal tumors, paraganglioma, and pulmonary chondromas.
Design Of Grasping Methodologies For Rotational Assembly Components (2005)

This article describes a design methodology for grasping assembly components. Three heuristics are developed. The first determines feasible grasping configurations based on component geometric information. The second heuristic determines feasible grasping configurations by including gripper functional attributes. The third heuristic generates the final set of grasping configurations by including the area available for grasping a component. An interactive program written in Fortran 77 is developed to capture the user inputs, and a sample application is described. The methodology does not assume an initial feeding state of the component to the robot. The grasping configurations generated (if more than one) provide the designer with alternate feasible feeding methods.
Hybrid Dispersion Laser Scanner (2012)

Laser scanning technology is one of the most integral parts of today's scientific research, manufacturing, defense, and biomedicine. In many applications, high-speed scanning capability is essential for scanning a large area in a short time and multi-dimensional sensing of moving objects and dynamical processes with fine temporal resolution. Unfortunately, conventional laser scanners are often too slow, resulting in limited precision and utility. Here we present a new type of laser scanner that offers ∼1,000 times higher scan rates than conventional state-of-the-art scanners. This method employs spatial dispersion of temporally stretched broadband optical pulses onto the target, enabling inertia-free laser scans at unprecedented scan rates of nearly 100 MHz at 800 nm. To show our scanner's broad utility, we use it to demonstrate unique and previously difficult-to-achieve capabilities in imaging, surface vibrometry, and flow cytometry at a record 2D raster scan rate of more than 100 kHz with 27,000 resolvable points.
Culture, law, ethics, and social implications: Is society ready for advanced (2014)

In recent years, rapid and continuing advances in our knowledge and interpretation of information on the human genome have transformed our understanding of human health, medical diagnostics, and therapy. Accessing information on genetic material is now quicker, cheaper, and more widespread than at any other time in our history. As innovations and discoveries involving human genetic material continue, there will be an ongoing necessity to carefully integrate advanced genomic medicine (AGM), including personalised genetic diagnostics and intervention, into the wider community. AGM offers the potential of personalised genomic profiling that enables the diagnosis of disease and targeted treatment, yet despite the advantages of such technology, there are issues with accurate diagnosis and interpretation of data. Even experts struggle with the complex nature of the data that is currently gathered.1,2

In parallel to AGM, the general public are already sending saliva samples to explore their genetic makeup using the Internet through companies and websites like 23andMe (https://www.23andme.com), usually without clinician involvement. They are also sharing their health experiences through websites such as PatientsLikeMe (www.patientslikeme.com).Medical professionals who are already coming to terms with the availability of an increasing number of genetic-based screening tests may now be confronted with an engaged, informed public who are both requesting and presenting medical professionals with a multitude of data about their genetic profile; similarly, an increasing number of screening tests and diagnostic procedures involving genetics are being used in clinical settings. As the science and technology behind AGM continues to grow, so too will the urgency to ensure the successful transfer of this technology from bench top to bedside—from scientific discovery to practical application. The development and application of new techniques and ideas will need to be carefully addressed by considering a whole-of-system approach as scientists, the medical fraternity, and the public come to terms with this new technology.3 Both the medical profession and the public have high expectations of AGM; however, many potential barriers are already visible, including cultural, ethical, educational, legal, and social implications, and if these are not addressed successfully, such issues could potentially limit the growth of this exciting field.
Heterogeneous Reductive Isomerization Reaction Using Catalytic Pd/C and H2. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Evidence of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Lyase Protein Expression and Activity Downregulation in Human Neoplasm: Implication for Resistance to Therapeutics in Prostate Cancer (2012)

This is the first report of sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SPL) protein expression and enzymatic activity in human neoplasm. This enzyme drives irreversible degradation of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid associated with resistance to therapeutics in various cancers, including prostate adenocarcinoma. In fresh human prostatectomy specimens, a remarkable decrease in SPL enzymatic activity was found in tumor samples, as compared with normal adjacent tissues. A significant relationship between loss of SPL expression and higher Gleason score was confirmed in tissue microarray (TMA) analysis. Moreover, SPL protein expression and activity were inversely correlated with those of sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1), the enzyme producing S1P. SPL and SphK1 expressions were independently predictive of aggressive cancer on TMA, supporting the relevance of S1P in prostate cancer. In human C4-2B and PC-3 cell lines, silencing SPL enhanced survival after irradiation or chemotherapy by decreasing expression of proteins involved in sensing and repairing DNA damage or apoptosis, respectively. In contrast, enforced expression of SPL sensitized cancer cells to irradiation or docetaxel by tilting the ceramide/S1P balance toward cell death. Interestingly, the S1P degradation products failed to sensitize to chemo- and radiotherapy, supporting the crucial role of ceramide/S1P balance in cancer. Of note, the combination of SPL enforced expression with a SphK1 silencing strategy by further decreasing S1P content made prostate cancer cells even more sensitive to anticancer therapies, suggesting that a dual strategy aimed at stimulating SPL, and inhibiting SphK1 could represent a future approach to sensitize cancer cells to cancer treatments.
Exciton Radiative Lifetimes in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (2015)

Light emission in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) changes significantly with the number of layers and stacking sequence. While the electronic structure and optical absorption are well understood in 2D-TMDs, much less is known about exciton dynamics and radiative recombination. Here, we show first-principles calculations of intrinsic exciton radiative lifetimes at low temperature (4 K) and room temperature (300 K) in TMD monolayers with the chemical formula MX2 (X = Mo, W, and X = S, Se), as well as in bilayer and bulk MoS2 and in two MX2 heterobilayers. Our results elucidate the time scale and microscopic origin of light emission in TMDs. We find radiative lifetimes of a few picoseconds at low temperature and a few nanoseconds at room temperature in the monolayers and slower radiative recombination in bulk and bilayer than in monolayer MoS2. The MoS2/WS2 and MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers exhibit very long-lived (∼20-30 ns at room temperature) interlayer excitons constituted by electrons localized on the Mo-based and holes on the W-based monolayer. The wide radiative lifetime tunability, together with the ability shown here to predict radiative lifetimes from computations, hold unique potential to manipulate excitons in TMDs and their heterostructures for application in optoelectronics and solar energy conversion.
The Effect of Pt-Pd Ratio on Oxidation Catalysts Under Simulated Diesel Exhaust (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;With a tighter regulatory environment, reduction of hydrocarbon emissions has emerged as a major concern for advanced low-temperature combustion engines. Currently precious metal-based diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) containing platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) are most commonly used for diesel exhaust hydrocarbon oxidation. The efficiency of hydrocarbon oxidation is greatly enhanced by employing both Pt and Pd together compared to the case with Pt or Pd alone. However, there have been few systematic studies to investigate the effects of the ratio of platinum to palladium on catalytic oxidation over the DOC. The present study illustrates the relationship between the Pt-Pd ratio and catalyst activity and stability by evaluating a series of catalysts with various Pt to Pd ratios (1:0, 7:1, 2:1, 1:2, 1:5, 0:1). These catalysts were tested for their CO and hydrocarbon light-off temperatures under simulated conditions where both unburned and partially burned hydrocarbons were present. All bimetallic Pt-Pd catalysts showed better hydrocarbon light-off activity and thermal stability than the Pt- or Pd-only catalyst. NO oxidation to NO₂; however, was found to always depend directly on platinum content. If NO₂ production becomes less important over the DOC as advanced NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; reduction technology becomes less sensitive to the NO to NO₂ ratio, it may be possible to substantially reduce the platinum content of the DOC while maintaining stability and a low-temperature hydrocarbon light-off. These and other results will be discussed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ionization rates and critical fields in 4H silicon carbide (1997)

Epitaxial p-n diodes in 4H SiC are fabricated showing a good uniformity of avalanche multiplication and breakdown. Peripheral breakdown is overcome using the positive angle beveling technique. Photomultiplication measurements were performed to determine electron and hole ionization rates. For the electric field parallel to the c-axis impact ionization is strongly dominated by holes. A hole to electron ionization coefficient ratio of up to 50 is observed. It is attributed to the discontinuity of the conduction band of 4H SiC for the direction along the c axis. Theoretical values of critical fields and breakdown voltages in 4H SiC are calculated using the ionization rates obtained.
Spectrally discriminating time-resolved and space-related X-ray plasma diagnostics (1983)

The experimental study of laser-produced plasmas, particularly those relevant to laser fusion, has long motivated the development of new X-ray plasma diagnostic techniques. This paper summarizes the application of a number of novel space-resolved and time-resolved X-ray diagnostic systems to the study of plasmas produced by the 1 beam 0.35 μm GDL facility, and by the 24 beam 1.05 μm OMEGA facility at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics. Two time-resolving X-ray spectrometers are described, one utilizing a transmission grating as a dispersive element, the other employing an array of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</tex> -edge filters for spectral discrimination. A transmission grating is also used in conjunction with a Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope to provide spectrally dispersed high spatial resolution images of the laser-produced plasmas. The usefulness of these instruments in measuring specific plasma parameters and identifying particular spectral features, in some cases with the aid of other diagnostic instrumentation, is illustrated.