gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Canonical and Cross-reactive Binding of NK Cell Inhibitory Receptors to HLA-C Allotypes Is Dictated by Peptides Bound to HLA-C (2017)

KIR2DL2/3 binding to C1 is more peptide selective than that of KIR2DL1 binding to C2, providing an explanation for KIR2DL3-C1 interactions appearing weaker than KIR2DL1-C2. In addition, cross-reactive binding of KIR is characterized by even higher peptide selectivity. We demonstrate a hierarchy of functional peptide selectivity of KIR-HLA-C interactions with relevance to NK cell biology and human disease associations. This selective peptide sequence-driven binding of KIR provides a potential mechanism for pathogen as well as self-peptide to modulate NK cell activation through altering levels of inhibition.
Enhancement of durability properties of heat-treated oil palm shell species lightweight concrete (2017)

Oil palm shell (OPS) are non-hazardous waste materials and can be used as alternative coarse aggregates to substitute depleting conventional raw materials. A study on preparing the OPS species (dura and tenera) lightweight concrete (LWC) using with and without heat-treated OPS aggregate has been investigated. Two different species of OPS coarse aggregate are subjected to heat treatment at 65 and 130 °C with duration of 1 hour. The results reveal that the slump value of the OPSC increases significantly with an increase in temperature of heat treatment of the tenera OPS aggregates. It is found that the maximum achievable 28-days and 180-days compressive strength is 45.6 and 47.5 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT) and water absorption tests were performance to signify the effects of heat-treated on OPS species LWC. The use of heat-treated OPS LWC induced the advantageous of reducing the permeability and capillary porosity as well as water absorption. Hence, the findings of this study are of primary importance as they revealed the heat treatment on OPS species LWC can be used as a new environmentally friendly method to enhance the durability of OPSLWC.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of 2‐Arylethenephosphonates. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Towards the use of green light emitting diodes for the optically stimulated luminescence dating of quartz and feldspar (1992)

Determination of the time since deposition of a sediment sample from the optically stimulated luminescence of component quartz and feldspar grains using green light has previously employed an argon ion laser as light source. Test results are presented which show that green light emitting diodes provide a convenient and economical alternative for this dating technique, and their potential for routine use is assessed.
Functionalization of Graphene Oxide Generates a Unique Interface for Selective Serum Protein Interactions (2013)

Potential toxicity and risk of inducing allergy and inflammation have always been a great concern of using nanomaterials in biomedicine. In this work, we investigate the serum behaviors of graphene oxide (GO) and how such behaviors are affected by its surface modification such as PEGylation. The results show that, when incubated with human sera, unfunctionalized GO adsorbs a significant amount of serum proteins and strongly induces complement C3 cleavage (part of the complement activation cascade), generating C3a/C3a(des-Arg), an anaphylatoxin involved in local inflammatory responses, whereas PEGylated nano-GO (nGO-PEG) exhibits dramatic reductions in both protein binding in general and complement C3 activation. Moreover, we uncover that PEGylation on GO nanosheets apparently generates an interesting nanointerface, evidenced by the acquired certain selectivity and increased binding capacities of nGO-PEG toward a few serum proteins. Further mass spectrometry analysis identifies six nGO-PEG binding proteins, four of which are immune-related factors, including C3a/C3a(des-Arg). A series of Western blot analysis demonstrate that nGO-PEG binds up to 2-fold amount of C3a/C3a(des-Arg) than unfunctionalized GO, and can efficiently decrease the level of C3a/C3a(des-Arg) in treated sera, preventing the normal interaction of C3a with its receptor. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate that nGO-PEG may serve to help eliminate the C3a/C3a(des-Arg) induced by other nanomaterials such as as-made GO, indicating a new strategy to modulate the immune responses evoked by one nanomaterial through the addition of another type of nanomaterial. Our results highlight the great importance of nanobio interface in regulating the biological effects of nanomaterials.
Prototype of Nitro Compound Vapor and Trace Detector Based on a Capacitive MIS Sensor (2020)

A prototype of a nitro compound vapor and trace detector, which uses the pyrolysis method and a capacitive gas sensor based on the metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure type Pd-SiO<sub>2</sub>-Si, was developed and manufactured. It was experimentally established that the detection limit of trinitrotoluene trace for the detector prototype is 1 × 10<sup>-9</sup> g, which corresponds to concentration from 10<sup>-11</sup> g/cm<sup>3</sup> to 10<sup>-12</sup> g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The prototype had a response time of no more than 30 s. The possibility of further improving the characteristics of the prototype detector by reducing the overall dimensions and increasing the sensitivity of the MIS sensors is shown.
Cylindrical nanocapsules from photo-cross-linkable core–shell bottlebrush copolymers (2014)

Coumarin-based, photo-cross-linkable core–shell bottlebrush copolymers were synthesized by a grafting-from approach. Hollow cylindrical nanocapsules were generated by selective, metal-free shell photo-cross-linking followed by hydrolytic core removal.
Purification and characterization of selenocysteine beta-lyase from Citrobacter freundii (1985)

The purification and characterization of bacterial selenocysteine beta-lyase, an enzyme which specifically catalyzes the cleavage of L-selenocysteine to L-alanine and Se0, are presented. The enzyme, purified to near homogeneity from Citrobacter freundii, is monomeric with a molecular weight of ca. 64,000 and contains 1 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a cofactor per mol of enzyme. L-Selenocysteine is the sole substrate (Km, 0.95 mM). L-Cysteine is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme (Ki, 0.65 mM). The enzyme also catalyzes the alpha, beta elimination of beta-chloro-L-alanine to form NH3, pyruvate, and Cl- and is irreversibly inactivated during the reaction. The physicochemical properties, e.g., amino acid composition and subunit structure, of the bacterial enzyme are fairly different from those of the pig liver enzyme (Esaki et al., J. Biol. Chem. 257:4386-4391, 1982). However, the catalytic properties of both enzymes, e.g., substrate specificity and inactivation by the substrate or a mechanism-based inactivator, beta-chloro-L-alanine, are very similar.
Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus have osteolytic surface proteins and a proportion of the population have antibodies that block this activity: is this of prognostic significance? (1997)

Staphylococcus aureus is directly implicated in the bone destruction associated with infected orthopaedic implants and bacterial arthritis. The Oxford (laboratory) strain of this organism has surface-associated proteins (SAPs) which have potent osteolytic activity. In this study, we have examined the osteolytic activity of SAPs from clinical isolates and also investigated the role of the humoral immune response to such proteins. Nine patients with infected orthopaedic prostheses or infective arthritis, and six volunteers not suffering from overt S. aureus infection, were examined. The sera from 5/9 patients and 4/6 volunteers were able to neutralize the osteolytic activity of the SAPs. The SAPs were extracted from four clinical isolates and were found to have osteolytic activity, but with a wide range of efficacies and potencies. All four patients from whom the clinical isolates were obtained had serum IgG antibodies to the surface proteins from their autologous isolates as determined by ELISA. In conclusion, clinical isolates of S. aureus contain osteolytic SAPs which may be responsible for bone destruction. Apparently disease-free individuals and patients have antibodies able to block this activity. However, since the capacity of patients' sera to neutralize the activity of the SAPs derived from their own S. aureus isolate was not investigated, it is unclear whether these findings are of prognostic value.
Modulation of ozone-sensitive genes in alpha-tocopherol transfer protein null mice (2009)

Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (ATTP) null mice (ATTP-/-) have a systemic alpha-tocopherol (AT) deficiency, with their lung AT levels being < 10% of those in AT-replete ATTP(+/+) mice when fed a standard rodent chow diet. ATTP(+/+) and ATTP(-/-) mice (4 wk old male mice, n = 16 per group) were fed a standard diet (35 IU AT/kg diet) for 8-12 wk, exposed 6 h/day for 3 days to either to O(3) (0.5 ppm) or filtered air, then sacrificed. No significant differences in plasma or lung AT concentrations were observed in response to this level of O(3) exposure. Lung genomic responses of the lungs to O(3) were determined using Affymetrix 430A 2.0 arrays containing over 22,600 probe sets representing 14,000 well-characterized mouse genes. As compared with filtered air exposure, O(3) exposure resulted in 99 genes being differentially expressed in ATTP(-/-) mice, as compared to 52 differentially expressed genes in ATTP(+/+) mice. The data revealed an O(3)-induced upregulation of genes related to cell proliferation/DNA repair and inflammatory-immune responses in both ATTP(+/+) and ATTP(-/-) mice, with the expression of 22 genes being common to both, whereas 30 and 77 genes were unique to ATTP(+/+) and ATTP(-/-) mice, respectively. The expressions of O(3) sensitive genes-Timp1, Areg, Birc5 and Tnc-were seen to be further modulated by AT status. The present study reveals AT modulation of adaptive response of lung genome to O(3) exposure.
Automatic Grading System for Subjective Questions Through Analyzing Question Type (2011)

서답형 자동평가는 자연어 처리의 어려움이 있어 그 시스템의 개발이 쉽지 않다. 본 연구는 자연어처리 기술을 접목한 서답형 자동채점 시스템을 설계, 구현한다. 이 시스템은 일반화된 채점 시스템이 지니는 성능 저하의 문제를 해결하기 위해 문제유형을 정의하고 각 유형에 맞는 처리를 하여 성능을 향상하였다. 이 시스템의 성능을 실험하기 위하여 교사 채점과 기존의 용어중심의 채점 시스템, 교사채점과 제안한 채점 시스템의 상관계수를 분석하였다. 실험결과, 기존의 용어 중심의 채점 시스템보다 향상된 결과를 얻었다. 앞으로 문제 유형을 확대 정의하고 각 유형에 맞는 자연어 처리 기법을 개선할 필요가 있다. It is not easy to develop the system as the subjective-type evaluation has the difficulty in natural language processing. This thesis designs and implements the automatic evaluation system with natural language processing technique. To solve the degradation of general evaluation system, we define the question type and improve the performance of evaluation through the adaptive process for each question type. To evaluate the system, we analyze the correlation between human evaluation and term-based evaluation, and between human evaluation and this system evaluation. We got the better result than term-based evaluation. It needs to expand the question type and improve the adaptive processing technique for each type.
A Voyage from Blackwall to Southampton in 1582 (1959)

English sailors came more than half a century late into the world of transatlantic voyages and new discoveries. Nor should this surprise us when we remember the exasperating delays they had to expect when getting out of our long river estuaries into the narrow seas, and out of the narrow seas into the Atlantic Ocean. Once there they still had to encounter prevailing head-winds, where a Columbus had only to launch himself on the steady trade winds to discover America.
HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN REACTIVITY OF LYMPHOCYTES ISOLATED FROM HETEROTOPIC RAT CARDIAC ALLOGRAFTS1,2 (1995)

Although it is well known that cellular rejection is mediated by alloreactive lymphocytes, several investigators, including our group, have shown that such cells are a rather small proportion of the T cell infiltrate of the alolograft. We have therefore postulated that graft-infiltrating lymphocytes must recognize other antigens. Since heat shock protein (hsp)-specific lymphocytes have been shown to participate in several autoimmune diseases and in tumor immunity, we hypothesized that hsp-reactive lymphocytes are involved with allograft rejection. This hypothesis was tested with a rat model of heterotopic MHC-incompatible cardiac allografts (ACI into Lewis), whereby graft-infiltrating lymphocytes and spleen cells were tested in vitro with different recombinant mycobacterial hsp preparations. As expected, allograft lymphocytes showed proliferative responses to irradiated spleen cells from the donor. This proliferation was markedly augmented by hsp65 (3-fold) and hsp70 (5-fold), whereas hsp10 and the protein control ovalbumin had no effect. Proliferation of allograft lymphocytes to hsp in context with syngeneic splenocytes as antigen-presenting cells (APC) was seen primarily if small quantities of IL-2 had been added to the cultures. In contrast, hsp-specific proliferation was never observed with syngraft lymphocytes, even after addition of IL-2. Spleen cells from allograft and syngraft recipients showed hsp augmentation of alloproliferation, but the magnitude was less than that with allograft lymphocytes. Kinetic studies showed that hsp-reactive lymphocytes first appeared in the allograft on day 3 posttransplant. Tacrolimus immunosuppression of transplant rejection prevented the appearance of hsp-reactive lymphocytes in allografts. Culture conditions have been established to generate hsp65- and hsp70-specific T lymphocyte lines and clones from allograft-infiltrating cells. These cultured cells exhibited hsp reactivity only in context with self-APC, and this was augmented by small amounts of IL-2. These data provide strong evidence for the involvement of hsp-reactive lymphocytes in allograft rejection. We propose the concept that during rejection tissue stress induced by alloreactive effector lymphocytes promotes the recruitment and activation of hsp-reactive lymphocytes, especially in the presence of IL-2 released into the allogeneic environment of the transplant. These hsp-reactive T cells may play a role in the immune cascade of the inflammatory process of transplant rejection.
A new speaker identification algorithm for gaming scenarios (2011)

Speaker identification is a well-established research problem but has not been a major application used in gaming scenarios. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for the open-set, text-independent, speaker ID problem, applied as an important component (among other cues) of a game player identification system. This scenario poses new challenges: far-field, limited training and very short test data, and almost real-time processing. To tackle this, we introduce new and more informative feature sets. The scores given by these feature sets are then combined in an optimal way to construct the final score. Experimental results on the gaming device's processed reverberated-speech show the effectiveness of the new features, and that reliable decisions can be made after very short (2-5 second) test utterances required by the gaming scheme.
A traditional medicine, respiratory detox shot (RDS), inhibits the infection of SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and the influenza A virus in vitro (2021)

These results suggest that RDS may broadly inhibit the infection of respiratory viruses.
Comparison of once-daily cephalosporin regimens for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in patients with chronic lung disease. (1989)

The efficacy of cefonicid and of ceftriaxone, administered once daily for the treatment of lower respiratory tract bacterial infections (pneumonia or bronchitis), was evaluated and compared in 118 patients with chronic lung disease. The patients were randomly assigned to receive 1 gm of either drug, intravenously or intramuscularly, daily for three to 11 days (mean, seven days). Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from sputum in 59% of patients; Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae predominated. Clinical cure or improvement was noted in 95% and 93% of patients treated with cefonicid and ceftriaxone, respectively, and bacteriologic cure or improvement in 69% and 81% (the differences were not significant). Side effects were infrequent and similar in the two treatment groups, except that diarrhea was more common in the ceftriaxone group (11%, versus 4.4% in the cefonicid group). It is concluded that patients with chronic lung disease who experience acute exacerbations associated with infection caused by H influenzae or S pneumoniae, or other susceptible organisms, can be effectively treated with once-daily administration of either cefonicid or ceftriaxone.
Biological Effect of Carbon-from Carbon to Biosonics (1998)

Carbon materials such as graphite exert growth-promoting effect on bacteria Bacillus carboniphilus through emitting (ultra-) sonic signal created by photo-acoustic effect.
Protocol and Architecture to Bring Things into Internet of Things (2014)

The Internet of Things (IoT) concept proposes that everyday objects are globally accessible from the Internet and integrate into new services having a remarkable impact on our society. Opposite to Internet world, things usually belong to resource-challenged environments where energy, data throughput, and computing resources are scarce. Building upon existing standards in the field such as IEEE1451 and ZigBee and rooted in context semantics, this paper proposes CTP (Communication Things Protocol) as a protocol specification to allow interoperability among things with different communication standards as well as simplicity and functionality to build IoT systems. Also, this paper proposes the use of the IoT gateway as a fundamental component in IoT architectures to provide seamless connectivity and interoperability among things and connect two different worlds to build the IoT: the Things world and the Internet world. Both CTP and IoT gateway constitute a middleware content-centric architecture presented as the mechanism to achieve a balance between the intrinsic limitations of things in the physical world and what is required from them in the virtual world. Said middleware content-centric architecture is implemented within the frame of two European projects targeting smart environments and proving said CTP's objectives in real scenarios.
Positional therapy in sleep apnoea - one fits all? What determines success in positional therapy in sleep apnoea syndrome (2017)

Positional therapy may be a promising therapy option for patients with positional sleep apnoea. With appropriate adherence it yields a reasonable success rate in the clinical routine.
Ionization Cross Sections, Charge-Transfer Cross Sections, and Ionic Fragmentation Patterns of Some Paraffins, Olefins, Acetylenes, Chloroalkanes, and Benzene with 40–100-keV Protons (1967)

The simple and charge-transfer ionization cross sections for Kr, Ne, N2, CH4, C2H4, and n-C4H10 were measured with 40–100-keV protons. The simple ionization cross sections are almost constant in this range, while the charge-transfer cross sections are roughly 40% of the total ionization at 40 keV and decrease to about 10% at 100 keV. The relative ionization cross sections (both simple and charge transfer) of a variety of molecular compounds (see title) were measured with 100-keV protons and found to be linearly related to the polarizabilities. The mass spectra of a number of hydrocarbons were measured with 50- and 100-keV protons. The mass spectra are qualitatively very similar to spectra obtained with electrons of the same velocity (55 eV for 100-keV protons). This is to be expected from a qualitative extension of the Bethe—Born equation to ionization of molecular electrons. Since the mass spectra change little with velocity the American Petroleum Institute (A.P.I.) fragmentation patterns with 50–75-V electrons are a good guide to ionization by any (singly) charged particle with velocity higher than 108 cm/sec. Fragments of high appearance potentials and doubly charged ions are considerably more abundant in the 40–100-keV proton spectra than at higher proton energies or in the electron-impact spectra. Conclusions can be made as to the charge-exchange mass spectra produced by particles with velocities in the range 108 cm/sec. These mass spectra are very different from charge-transfer spectra obtained at low primary ion energies. Thus there is little dependence on the recombination energy of the primary ion. The charge-transfer spectra seem not very different from the spectra produced by simple ionization. This means that the distribution of internal energies imparted to the new ion cannot be very different from that in pure ionization.
Quantitative estimation of chimerism in mice using microsatellite markers (1993)

An embryonic stem cell line was established from SV129 mouse blastocysts and used to generate chimeric mice by injection into OF1 blastocysts; 18 out of the 30 resulting offspring appeared chimeric as judged from their coat color patterns, and 3 of the 13 males proved to be germ-line chimeras as they transmitted the SV129 agouti phenotype to all or part of their offspring. The degree of chimerism of these males was evaluated for different tissues using polymorphic microsatellite markers amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. It was shown that these new markers can be effectively used to quantitatively estimate levels of chimerism. The CKMM (creatine kinase, muscle) microsatellite system was used to distinguish the SV129 from the OF1 genotype. In all performed tests, the correlation between DNA ratio and signal ratio, expressed as a base 10 logarithm, was shown to exceed or equal 0.98 for known DNA ratios (SV129/OF1) ranging from 1/99 to 99/1. Linear calibration methods were used to predict the % SV129 DNA of a test sample based on the obtained signal ratio. The accuracy of the prediction was evaluated by performing repeated measurements. Differences among three repeated estimates ranged from 2 to 17% for a given sample. Microsatellite systems should be very useful to monitor chimerism involving strains that can not be discerned with coat color or biochemical markers. This will be particularly important when ES methodology becomes available in species other than mice.