gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogen preferentially stimulates lactosaminoglycan-containing oligosaccharide synthesis in mouse uteri. (1988)

The effects of steroid hormones on the synthesis of lactosaminoglycan (LAG)-containing oligosaccharides by mouse uteri are reported. The uterine LAG-containing oligosaccharides were degraded partially by Pseudomonas endo-beta-galactosidase, releasing an oligosaccharide of the apparent structure: Gal beta----N-acetylglucosaminyl(----N-acetylgalactosaminyl)beta 1,3----galactose. A larger fraction of the LAG-containing oligosaccharides bound to pokeweed mitogen than to Datura stramonium lectin, suggesting the presence of highly branched structures. LAG-containing oligosaccharides were resistant to sequential digestion with Pronase, nitrous acid, hyaluronidase, and chondroitinase ABC. These polysaccharides exhibited a Gal:GlcNAc:GalNAc ratio of approximately 1.0:1.0:0.3 and were not fucosylated. The ion-exchange behavior of the LAG-containing oligosaccharides before and after mild acid hydrolysis indicated the presence of sialic acid residues. The LAG-containing glycopeptides were highly resistant to beta-elimination but were released quantitatively by hydrazinolysis, demonstrating an N-linkage to protein. Binding to pokeweed mitogen was markedly enhanced following release of these oligosaccharides from peptides by hydrazinolysis, suggesting that peptide-bound oligosaccharides were partially inaccessible to the lectin. Molecular exclusion chromatography of the oligosaccharides released by hydrazinolysis revealed a broad distribution ranging from Mr 4,000 to 15,000 with a median Mr of approximately 8,000. We extended the above observations by determining how the steroid hormones 17-beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone affected synthesis of the LAG-containing oligosaccharides in ovariectomized mice. Generally, E2 and a number of E2 agonists stimulated glycoconjugate synthesis; however, chronic E2 treatment or combined treatment with E2 plus progesterone caused the synthesis of most glycosaminoglycans to return to basal levels. In contrast, E2 either alone or in combination with progesterone stimulated synthesis of LAG-containing oligosaccharides in preference not only to glycosaminoglycans but also to other classes of N-linked oligosaccharides. This effect was apparent during both priming and nidatory E2 treatments. Collectively, these data provide the first demonstration of LAG-containing oligosaccharides in uteri and for the hormonally regulated synthesis of lactosaminoglycans. In addition, this is the first demonstration of the ability of steroid hormones to induce the synthesis of certain types of N-linked oligosaccharides in preference to others in the same tissue.
VIII (2009)

<sc>Charlotte</sc>and Mr Brand had not returned when they reached the house; but the Baroness had come to tea, and Robert Acton also, who now regularly asked for a place at this generous repast or made his appearance later in the evening. Clifford Wentworth, with...
A comparison of the catalytic activities of human plasma kallikreins I and II (1982)

Subsites in the S2-S4 region [Schechter & Berger (1967) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 27, 157-162] were identified in human plasma kallikrein II (EC 3.4.21.8). Kinetic constants (kcat, Km) were determined for a series of seven extended N-aminoacyl-L-arginine methyl esters based on the C-terminal sequence of bradykinin (-Pro-Phe-Arg) or (Gly)n-Arg. With these substrates it was found that deacylation of the enzyme was rate-limiting. It was possible to infer that L-proline at residue P3 interacted with subsite S3 of the enzyme and L-phenylalanine at residue P2 interacts hydrophobically with subsite S2 in addition to hydrogen-bonded interactions with this subsite region. By comparison with the results of a similar study with human plasma kallikrein I, it is observed that although broadly similar subsite interactions occur between the two enzyme forms, the rate of deacylation of kallikrein II is approx. 35% of that observed for kallikrein I, and the latter form is up to ten times more active (in terms of kcat./Km) than kallikrein II.
TNF-α inhibits flow and insulin signaling leading to NO production in aortic endothelial cells (2001)

Endothelial cells release nitric oxide (NO) acutely in response to increased "flow" or fluid shear stress (FSS), and the increase in NO production is correlated with enhanced phosphorylation and activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Both vascular endothelial growth factor and FSS activate endothelial protein kinase B (PKB) by way of incompletely understood pathway(s), and, in turn, PKB phosphorylates eNOS at Ser-1179, causing its activation. In this study, we found that either FSS or insulin stimulated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine and serine phosphorylation and increased IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, phosphorylation of PKB Ser-473, phosphorylation of eNOS Ser-1179, and NO production. Brief pretreatment of bovine aortic endothelial cells with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibited the above described FSS- or insulin-stimulated protein phosphorylation events and almost totally inhibited FSS- or insulin-stimulated NO production. These data indicate that FSS and insulin regulate eNOS phosphorylation and NO production by overlapping mechanisms. This study suggests one potential mechanism for the development of endothelial dysfunction in disease states with alterations in insulin regulation and increased TNF-alpha levels.
Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus: the Trojan horse of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis? (2013)

Clinical and microbiological relapse of disease following ESS is significantly associated with intracellular S. aureus. Evidence suggests that this disease association is independent to surface biofilm status. Intracellular bacteria should be taken into consideration when designing novel treatment strategies to lessen the chance of reinfection.
A Digital Signal Generator (1981)

Implemented on a single-chip microcomputer, this digital signal generator can provide low-distortion waveforms ofprecise frequency in the low-frequency audio spectrum.
Clustering of foot-based pitch contours in expressive speech. (2004)

speech synthesis chain. It is a hard enough task to generate expressively neutral pitch contours, with accurate placement of accents and phrase boundaries, but to generate appropriate intonation for expressive speech is even more of a challenge. This paper is a first attempt at describing and categorizing the variation in pitch contours that occur in expressive speech, which is a necessary step in the development of a new intonation model for expressive speech. The analysis is performed in the framework of the Generalized Linear Alignment model [10]. A hierarchical clustering technique of foot-based pitch contours revealed some interesting phenomena. Apart from the standard declining phrase curve, we observed phrase curves consisting of an incline, an optional plateau and a decline. These phrase curves are often observed on the last two feet making up a minor or major phrase. In addition, the continuation rise that is associated with marking the end of a minor phrase, only occurred in about 10% of the cases.
Prognostic Significance of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Serum Determination in Women with Ovarian Cancer (2012)

Introduction. We performed a review of the literature to elucidate the potential prognostic significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (sVEGF) levels in ovarian cancer. Methods. Eligible studies in English and Italian were identified in MEDLINE/PubMed from VEGF discovery to October 2011. All studies evaluating: (i) sVEGF levels before any surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment; (ii) the association between sVEGF levels and the established prognostic variables; (iii) the value of sVEGF levels in predicting patients' outcomes, were selected for this review. Results. The search resulted in 758 titles. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. A statistically significant association between the level of sVEGF and FIGO stage, tumour grade, residual tumour size, lymph node involvement, and presence of ascites was found in at least one study. sVEGF, in comparison with the established prognostic factors, appears to be the best prognostic marker for overall survival, since it stands out as an independent prognostic factor in most of the studies considered. Moreover, sVEGF levels were shown to be independent prognostic factors by 2 out of the 3 studies that considered DFS as an end point. Conclusion. High levels of sVEGF identify a subgroup of patients with higher risk of death and/or recurrence. These patients should be eligible for individually tailored therapeutic interventions.
Expression and Action of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Human and Bovine Normal Ovarian Surface Epithelium and Ovarian Cancer1 (2000)

More than 95% of ovarian cancers originate from the epithelial cells on the surface of the ovary, which are termed ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). These OSE cells are modified peritoneal mesothelial cells separated from underlying ovarian surface stromal tissue by a basal lamina of dense collagenous connective tissue. Mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions between stromal cells and OSE cells are postulated to be important for normal OSE biology and for the onset of ovarian cancer. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a mesenchymal-derived growth factor that mediates mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions in a number of different tissues. The current study was an investigation of the expression and actions of HGF in normal OSE and ovarian cancer. Human epithelial cells from borderline and stage III ovarian cancer cases were found to express HGF protein in the epithelial cell component by immunocytochemistry analysis. The stromal cell component of human ovarian tumors contained little or no HGF immunostaining. Normal bovine ovaries have a similar physiology and endocrinology to human ovaries and are used as a model system to investigate normal OSE functions. HGF protein was detected in the OSE from both normal human and bovine ovaries. Adjacent ovarian stromal tissue contained light but positive HGF immunostaining. RNA was collected from normal bovine ovarian stromal cells to examine HGF gene expression. HGF transcripts were detected in cultured OSE and stromal cells by Northern blot analysis. Using a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction procedure, HGF gene expression was found to be high in freshly isolated OSE but low in freshly isolated stroma. Levels of HGF gene expression after culture of stroma increased. Observations indicate that normal OSE express high levels of HGF in vivo and in vitro. Expression of HGF by normal epithelial cells versus stromal cells was unexpected and suggests that HGF may be important in an autocrine regulation of OSE. HGF actions on normal OSE cells and ovarian cancer cells were investigated. HGF was found to stimulate the growth of normal OSE cells in a manner similar to such growth stimulated by epidermal growth factor. Two ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3 and OCC1, were also stimulated to grow in response to HGF. This observation suggests that HGF may be involved in sustaining growth of ovarian tumors. These results are the first to demonstrate the production and action of HGF in normal OSE cells and ovarian cancer cells. This appears to be an example of HGF production by an epithelial cell, such that a mesenchymal-epithelial mixed phenotype is present. The autocrine stimulation of OSE growth by the local production and action of HGF provides insight into how the OSE may develop abnormal growth characteristics involved in the onset and progression of ovarian cancer.
Polyanionic Lattice Modifications Leading to High‐Entropy Sodium Ion Conductors: Mathematical Solution of Accessible Compositions (2020)

Abstract Sodium zirconium double phosphate NaZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 can be used as a starting point for investigations of high‐entropy materials. Apart from the frequently used approach of partial substitution with four or more different transition metal cations, this class of materials also allows multiple substitutions of the phosphate groups. Herein modifications of the polyanionic lattice are considered and high‐entropy compositions are numerically determined with up to eight elements on the central tetrahedral lattice site of the so‐called NaSICON structure. For this study, the chemical formula was fixed as Na 3 Zr 2 (EO 4 ) 3 with E=B, Al, Si, P, As, Sb, S, Se and Te. The number of compositions increases exponentially with the increasing number of elements involved and with decreasing equal step size for each element. The maximum number of 237258 compositions is found for Na 3 Zr 2 ([B,Al,Si,P,As,Sb,S,Se]O 4 ) 3 with a step size of 0.1 mol/formula unit. Of this compositional landscape, 143744 compositions fulfil the definitions of high‐entropy materials. The highest entropy factor of ΔS config / R =‐2.0405 is attributed to the compositions Na 3 Zr 2 (B 0.5 Al 0.6 Si 0.4 P 0.3 As 0.3 Sb 0.3 S 0.3 Se 0.3 )O 12 and Na 3 Zr 2 (B 0.6 Al 0.5 Si 0.4 P 0.3 As 0.3 Sb 0.3 S 0.3 Se 0.3 )O 12 .
Data from Elevated Serum Angiopoietin-like Protein 2 Correlates with the Metastatic Properties of Colorectal Cancer: A Serum Biomarker for Early Diagnosis and Recurrence (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) is a mediator of chronic inflammation and inflammatory carcinogenesis. The biologic and clinical significance of ANGPTL2 remains unknown in human cancer. Therefore, we investigated the function of ANGPTL2 and evaluated its clinical significance in both primary tumors and matched sera in patients with colorectal cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; A colorectal cancer cell line was transfected with &lt;i&gt;siRNA&lt;/i&gt; against &lt;i&gt;ANGPTL2&lt;/i&gt; for the assessment of its function. We examined ANGPTL2 expression in colorectal cancer tissues (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 195) by immunohistochemistry. Finally, we screened serum ANGPTL2 levels from 32 colorectal cancers and 23 normal controls (NC), and validated these results in serum samples obtained from 195 colorectal cancers and 45 NCs by ELISA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Knockdown of &lt;i&gt;ANGPTL2 in vitro&lt;/i&gt; significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas it enhanced anoikis. ANGPTL2 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues, and was significantly associated with advanced T stage, lymph node, and liver metastasis. Likewise, serum ANGPTL2 levels in colorectal cancers were significantly higher than NCs (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01), and allowed distinguishing of colorectal cancers from NCs with high accuracy (AUC = 0.837). The subsequent validation step confirmed that serum ANGPTL2 levels in colorectal cancers were significantly higher than in NCs (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001), and had a high AUC value (0.885) for distinguishing colorectal cancers from NCs. High serum ANGPTL2 was significantly associated with advanced T stage, lymph node and liver metastasis, early relapse, and poor prognosis in colorectal cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Serum ANGPTL2 is a novel diagnostic and recurrence-predictive biomarker in patients with colorectal cancer. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(23); 6175–86. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Photocoagulation of the Retina with a Quasi-Continuous Ruby Laser (1968)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text F. Fankhauser and W. Lotmar, "Photocoagulation of the Retina with a Quasi-Continuous Ruby Laser," Appl. Opt. 7, 377-378 (1968) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A new HPLC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin in plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers (2019)

Monitoring the plasma concentrations of metformin and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin) is essential for pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies and therapeutic monitoring. The present work therefore aimed to develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of these drugs in human plasma. The analyses were performed using an Agilent 1200 HPLC system coupled to an Applied Biosystems API 3200 triple quadrupole MS/MS with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. After one-step protein precipitation of plasma with acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, chromatographic separation was achieved on an Xbridge C<sub>18</sub> column, with a mobile phase consisting of a gradient of water and acetonitrile, both containing 1 mm ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid. Quantification was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode using m/z 130.1 → 71.1 for metformin, m/z 462.0 → 191.2 for canagliflozin, m/z 426.1 → 167.1 for dapagliflozin and m/z 468.0 → 354.9 for empagliflozin. The proposed method was validated and demonstrated to be adequate for the quantification of metformin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin for clinical monitoring, pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence studies.
Compensation for Occupational Disease: Hidden Agendas (1988)

Prologue: Occupational medicine, like all subsectors of medical care, involves economic trade-offs between equality and efficiency. In the specific case of occupational medicine, these questions are usually caught up in the sometimes conflicting interests of corporations and their employees. In this paper, Sherry and Paul Brandt-Rauf shed light on one of the fascinating dimensions of occupational medicine. Sherry Brandt-Rauf holds a master of philosophy degree in sociology and a law degree, both of which were obtained at Columbia University. She is an assistant professor of social medicine at Columbia, where her research priorities have included the legal, social, and ethical issues surrounding organ transplantation, occupational health policy, medical malpractice, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Paul Brandt-Rauf holds three doctorates in applied chemistry, medicine, and public health (with an emphasis in environmental sciences), all of which were obtained from Columbia. He is board certified in internal medicine and occupational medicine. His principal research interests revolve around occupational cancer, and he is currently at work on a book on the management of occupational medicine. In the years that the Brandt-Raufs have been engaged in occupational medicine, this specialty has begun to gain more attention in the medical sphere. More medical school graduates have been attracted to residencies in occupational medicine in the past decade. Also, corporations have become more interested as health costs have risen, and workers' sensitivity to the potential of subjecting themselves to harmful chemical exposures has increased. Finally, the National Academy of Sciences' Institute of Medicine (IOM) recently completed a study entitled “The Role of the Primary Care Physician in Occupational and Environmental Medicine.” The IOM now plans a three-year program of follow-up actions including workshops on critical issues, discussions between professional organizations and government agencies, and dissemination to practicing physicians.
Studies on Syntheses and Functions of Metal-Fullerene Complexes (2010)

This review article describes synthetic chemistry and materials science of metal-fullerene complexes. The contents include six topics: 1) Development of synthetic methodology for metal-fullerene complexes where group 6-10 metal atoms are directly attached to organofullerenes. 2) Organometallic chemistry of cationic chiral metal-fullerene carbene complexes and their application to asymmetric synthetic organic chemistry. 3) Creation of liquid crystalline metal-fullerene complexes and their multi redox properties. 4) Synthesis and electrochemistry of polymetallic [60]fullerene and [70]fullerene complexes and the electronic interactions among the metal atoms through the fullerene p-electron conjugated systems. 5) Ultrafast and multi-step photo-induced charge separation systems using donor/acceptor-type metal-fullerene complexes. 6) Photocurrent generating self-assembled monolayers of rigid and compact pentapod metal-fullerene complexes and change of photocurrent direction by the change of component and molecular orientation. The knowledge of the synthesis, supramolecular ordered structure formations, and photoelectrochemical functions of the metal-fullerene complexes is applicable to development of intelligent photoelectric conversion systems.
Soybeans as Human Food – Unprocessed and Simply Processed (1979)

Unprocessed and simply processed soybeans used as human food and the pattern of soybean consumption and production are reviewed country by country. Traditional soybean foods used have been limited to the Orient where soybean foods are eaten by everyone--young and old, rich and poor. The kinds of soybean foods people in the Orient like, the ways to prepare such foods, and the manner of consuming them are deeply imbedded in their culture. Preparation and use of these traditional soybean foods are described. In recent years, various approaches have been taken to incorporate soybeans into native diets of countries that do not traditionally use soybeans as foods. These studies indicate that soy flour may be the most versatile product. A village process for making soy flour is discussed. Although soybeans are grown in small areas throughout the world, soybean production is concentrated in three countries: The United States, Brazil, and China. World food consumption of soybeans, however, is low; most of the soybeans produced are used for oil and feeds. Even in China and Japan, which consume significant amounts of soybean foods, the percentage of soybeans used as food is only 15 and 22 percent, respectively. In the past years, the United States has distributed cereal-soy blends to be used as food to many countries.
Multiple-Access Interference Processes Are Self-Similar in Multimedia CDMA Cellular Networks (2005)

We consider bursty data communications in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) cellular networks. The significant fluctuation of the cochannel multiple-access interference (MAI) in such systems makes it very challenging to carry out radio resource management. A main goal of this paper is to obtain a fundamental understanding of the temporal correlation structure of the MAI, which plays a crucial role in effective resource allocation. To this end, we take a cross-layer design approach, and characterize the stochastic MAI process while taking into account both the burstiness of data traffic and time-varying channel conditions. Our main results reveal that under standard assumptions on ON/OFF traffic flows and fading channels, the MAI process exhibits scale-invariant burstiness and is "self-similar" (with Hurst parameter 1/2<H<1), in both the uplink and the downlink cases. The MAI self-similarity indicates that the MAI levels are long-range dependent and therefore there exists a nontrivial predictive MAI structure across multiple time scales. The predictive MAI structure can be utilized for effective interference management through dynamic resource allocation. We illustrate this via a rate control scheme based on the MAI prediction, and our results show that the performance gain is substantial. The exploitation of the MAI temporal correlation structure for resource allocation parallels and complements multiuser detection which utilizes the MAI snapshot structure at the symbol level.