gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic Design Characterization of a Dual Rotor Axial Flux Motor for Electric Aircraft (2022)

This article presents and evaluates a dual rotor axial flux permanent magnet motor for electric aircraft applications. Several features, including grain-oriented electrical steel, Halbach arrays, and wires with rectangular cross sections, are used to improve torque density and efficiency. A novel winding arrangement is used to mitigate interturn short-circuit faults. Rather than simply optimizing the motor by itself, this article evaluates the tradeoffs between motor performance and its interfaces with the drive, thermal management system (TMS), and mechanical structure. This information can be used along with similar analyses of these subsystems to select the design with the system-level optimal performance. This article uses finite-element simulations to characterize tradeoffs among active mass, efficiency, fundamental frequency, power factor, axial forces on the rotors, and cooling surface area. Several designs exceed 95% efficiency at takeoff with less than 8 kg of active mass. While high pole counts, a large outer radius, and short stator teeth tend to optimize the magnetic performance at takeoff, this can reduce cruise efficiency, reduce the surface area through which the TMS can extract heat, increase the fundamental frequency the drive must supply, increase the structural mass required to support the rotors, and introduce complexity to the manufacturing process. Further analysis for a selected design reveals that the power factor can be significantly improved with a minimal torque penalty via field weakening due to significant saturation in the stator teeth.
THE INFLUENCE OF JASMONIC ACID ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS SHOOT CULTURE (1991)

ISHS International Symposium on Plant Biotechnology and its Contribution to Plant Development, Multiplication and Improvement THE INFLUENCE OF JASMONIC ACID ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS SHOOT CULTURE
Murine Pregnancies Predisposed to Spontaneous Resorption Show Alterations in the Concentrations of Leukotriene B4 and Prostaglandin E21 (1992)

Female CBA/J mice mated with DBA/2 males exhibit an increased spontaneous resorption rate (30-35%) in their first pregnancy. Second pregnancies show a decreased resorption rate (15-20%). In contrast, resorption in CBA/J females mated with BALB/c males (identical to DBA/2 at the H-2 major histocompatibility locus) occurs with a frequency of 5-10%. Resorption is preceded by fetoplacental infiltration of natural killer (NK)-like cells and a deficiency in a lipophilic NK-suppressive activity. The eicosanoids leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are known to modulate NK activity in vitro. We measured the concentrations of LTB4 and PGE2 in extracts of individual fetoplacental units at Day 8 of gestation from (1) primigravid CBA/J x DBA/2 resorption-prone matings (RES); (2) second CBA/J x DBA/2 matings (SEC); and (3) primigravid CBA/J x BALB/c control matings (CON). We detected a significant decrease in the mean concentration of LTB4 in RES fetoplacental units (176.4 +/- 11.8 pg/ml; n = 42) compared with CON and SEC fetoplacental units (570.2 +/- 45.5 pg/ml; n = 21 and 420.2 +/- 59.5 pg/ml; n = 39, respectively). To confirm that the LTB4 deficiency is associated with decreased NK suppression in RES matings, we supplemented RES extracts, in vitro, with exogenous LTB4 (0-500 pg/ml). The effect of the addition of LTB4 to RES extracts was biphasic. Addition of LTB4 in the range of 30-125 pg/ml increased the extract's NK suppressive capacity, whereas LTB4 alone either stimulated NK activity or was without effect. These results suggest a critical role for LTB4 in averting NK-mediated early spontaneous fetal resorption.
PREVENIR: Japan-Argentina Cooperation Project for Heavy Rain and Urban Flood Disaster Prevention (2023)

This presentation provides an overall summary of the project PREVENIR and recent activities about data assimilation and numerical weather prediction (NWP) research. PREVENIR is an international cooperation project between Argentina and Japan since 2022 for five years under the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) program jointly funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). The main goal is to develop an impact-based early warning system for heavy rains and urban floods designed for two highly vulnerable urban basins in Argentina: one located in Buenos Aires Province and the other in C&amp;#243;rdoba Province. PREVENIR takes advantage of leading research on simulations and Big Data Assimilation (BDA) with the Japan&amp;#8217;s flagship supercomputer &amp;#8220;Fugaku&amp;#8221; and its predecessor &amp;#8220;K&amp;#8221; and develops a total package for disaster prevention, namely, monitoring, quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE), nowcasting, BDA and NWP, hydrological model prediction, warning communications, public education, and capacity building. Here, the Japanese leading institutions in the scientific research and operational services, i.e., RIKEN, Osaka University, the International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management (ICHARM), and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) closely work with the Argentinian counterparts, i.e., the National Meteorological Service, the National Water Institute, and the National Research Council of Argentina under the strong support of JICA, JST, and Argentinian Foreign Affairs Ministry. Heavy rains and urban floods are important global issues under the changing climate. The total package for disaster prevention will be the first of its kind in Argentina and will provide useful tools and recommendations for the implementation of similar systems in other parts of the world.
Cable modem technology (2000)

Cable TV network's ability to provide fast data transmission using cable modems is receiving much attention these days. A cable modem (or cable TV modem) is a device that connects your computer to the cable TV network. The cable television (CATV) industry was born in 1948 as a way to provide TV reception to remote viewers. However, CATV's marriage to television basically obscured the fact that it can provide high-speed two-way data communication services. A cable modem is a modem in the sense that it MOdulates and DEModulates signals. However, a cable modem is far more complex than a typical telephone dial-up modem. A cable modem is partly modem, partly bridge, partly router, partly encryption/decryption device, partly NIC card, and partly Ethernet hub. A single cable modem connection speed is about 500 kbp-1.5 Mbps, and is used for point-to-point. The distance can be 100 km or even more.
Diffuse Optical Techniques Applied to Wood Characterisation (2013)

We propose an optical method for non-invasive characterisation of wood samples based on two optical techniques: time-resolved diffuse optical spectroscopy and gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy. While the latter is sensitive to gases present inside wood pores, the former extracts information on the bulk material regarding light scattering and absorption. Measurements on spruce samples, cut along different wood fibre directions, are presented to show an example of the advantages of this combined approach: by applying these two non-destructive techniques together, in fact, relevant information on wood such as porosity, permeability and moisture content can be assessed. Furthermore, the chemical composition, internal structure and the anisotropy due to the wood fibres can be investigated.
Mechanistic study of the ceria supported, re-catalyzed deoxydehydration of vicinal OH groups (2018)

Deoxydehydration (DODH) is an emerging biomass deoxygenation process whereby vicinal OH groups are removed.
Stability Certification Standards for DC Microgrid Networks with Arbitrary Load Configurations. (2020)

DC microgrids are prone to small-signal instabilities due to the presence of tightly regulated loads. This paper develops a decentralized stability certificate which is capable of certifying the small-signal stability of an islanded DC network containing such loads. Utilizing a novel homotopy approach, the proposed ensure that no system eigenmodes are able to cross into the unstable right half plane for a continuous range of controller gain levels. The resulting standards can be applied to variety of grid components which meet the specified, but non-unique, criteria. These thus take a step towards offering plug-and-play operability of DC microgrids. The proposed theorems are explicitly illustrated and numerically validated on a test-case example of a DC microgrid network containing controlled buck converter loads.
ChemInform Abstract: The Formyl C—H×××O Hydrogen Bond as a Critical Factor in Enantioselective Lewis‐Acid Catalyzed Reactions of Aldehydes (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sting: a TCP-based network measurement tool (1999)

Understanding wide-area network characteristics is critical for evaluating the performance of Internet applications. Unfortunately, measuring the end-to-end network behavior between two hosts can be problematic. Traditional ICMP-based tools, such as ping, are easy to use and work universally, but produce results that are limited and inaccurate. Measurement infrastructures, such as NIMI, can produce highly detailed and accurate results, but require specialized software to be deployed at both the sender and the receiver. In this paper we explore using the TCP protocol to provide more accurate network measurements than traditional tools, while still preserving their near-universal applicability. Our first prototype, a tool called sting, is able to accurately measure the packet loss rate on both the forward and reverse paths between a pair of hosts. We describe the techniques used to accomplish this, how they were validated, and present our preliminary experience measuring the packet loss rates to and from a variety of Web servers.
Comparing Photosynthetic and Photovoltaic Efficiencies and Recognizing the Potential for Improvement (2011)

Comparing photosynthetic and photovoltaic efficiencies is not a simple issue. Although both processes harvest the energy in sunlight, they operate in distinctly different ways and produce different types of products: biomass or chemical fuels in the case of natural photosynthesis and nonstored electrical current in the case of photovoltaics. In order to find common ground for evaluating energy-conversion efficiency, we compare natural photosynthesis with present technologies for photovoltaic-driven electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen. Photovoltaic-driven electrolysis is the more efficient process when measured on an annual basis, yet short-term yields for photosynthetic conversion under optimal conditions come within a factor of 2 or 3 of the photovoltaic benchmark. We consider opportunities in which the frontiers of synthetic biology might be used to enhance natural photosynthesis for improved solar energy conversion efficiency.
Better Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Improved Mchare Banana Productivity and Profitability in Northern Highlands, Tanzania (2023)

Declining land productivity is a major problem constraining banana (Musa spp.) production in Tanzania. Banana fruit yield consequently reaches only 15% of the potential, primarily due to inadequate soil nutrient replenishment. Improving farmers’ soil nutrient replenishment strategy in banana home gardens, which relies on applications of cattle manure only, by mixing with inorganic fertilizer resources can increase land productivity and can improve the overall profitability of banana production in the country. Experiments were conducted at Tarakea, Lyamungo, and Tengeru to determine the effects of organic fertilizer resources (animal manure and crop residue) and their combination with inorganic fertilizer resources on the productivity and profitability of Mchare banana production. Banana fruit yield differed significantly among the experimental sites, with drier areas of Tengeru recording, on average, 19.6 t ha−1 year−1, while the more humid areas of Lyamungo recorded, on average, 39.3 ha−1 year−1. Mchare banana plants grown under sole inorganic fertilizer produced significantly low yields (33.0 t ha−1 year−1) compared with those fertilized with cattle manure only, which lifted the yields to 38.8 t ha−1 year−1, but the latter required more labor input. Soil nitrogen (N) fertilization via cattle manure + mineral fertilizer gave the highest average banana fruit yield (43.0 t ha−1 year−1) across the sites, and reduced fertilization costs by 32%. Subsequently, this integrated fertilization technique generated the highest average net benefits in all sites and both cropping cycles. Thus, the findings of this study form a basis to improve land productivity and profitability in banana-based home gardens in the study area by directing more labor input to good soil N management.
Wake-up radio as an energy-efficient alternative to conventional wireless sensor networks MAC protocols (2013)

The use of duty-cycling in Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols effectively helps improving the energy efficiency of wireless networks. However, while the benefits of these protocols are unquestionable, most of them still suffer from overhearing and idle listening, two issues that prevent duty-cycled systems from achieving optimum energy usage, which is a crucial aspect in specific types of wireless networks such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN).Wake-up Radio (WuR) systems have been employed recently to overcome these issues. Under this approach, the nodes' MicroController Unit (MCU) and main radio transceiver are completely switched off and only activated when a secondary, extremely low-power receiver in the node is triggered by a particular wireless transmission. Wake-up Radio systems allow for drastic energy savings since receiver nodes are only activated on-demand, maximizing their battery lifetimes. In this paper, we have modeled and simulated a real, recent and promising WuR hardware platform based on its time and energy consumption characterization. By comparing such WuR approach to B-MAC and IEEE 802.15.4, two well-known and widely employed MAC protocols, we show it effectively out-performs the conventional WSN MAC approaches in terms of energy efficiency. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first study to include a comparative analysis for multi-hop networks based on a real WuR platform, which shows WuR systems represent an energy-efficient solution that also provides a good tradeoff between latency, packet delivery ratio and applicability..
NMR imaging of 13C in animal tissues (1987)

Natural-abundance 13C NMR imaging of animal tissues is demonstrated using high-field (4.7-T) and surface coil techniques. Undecoupled images of an unfertilized egg yolk and an oxtail are presented. Analysis indicates the images map mainly methylene carbon or lipid signal intensity.
Effect of Free Fatty Acids and Short Chain Alcohols on Conversion of Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel (2013)

In this article, the transesterification of three types of waste cooking oil (WCO) with methanol and ethanol was studied using alkali catalyzed process. The catalyst used in this study was sodium hydroxide. The effects of temperature, catalyst amount, alcohol to oil ratio, and the time of reaction on the yield were studied. The temperature and the catalyst amount were the most important factors affecting the yield of biodiesel. Also the process exhibited some sensitivity to the level of free fatty acids (FFA) in the WCO and to the type of alcohol. The yields of methyl esters varied from 97% with the lowest acidity (0.4% FFA WCO) to 76% with the highest acidity (3.25% FFA WCO). The ethyl esters yields were lower and the difference increased with the level of FFA in the oil, the maximum yield was 95% and 73% with the lowest and the medium acidities respectively and no reaction was registered with the highest one. The chromatographic analysis of the produced biodiesel showed high contents of fatty acid methyl esters varying from 96.5% to 98%. The physical-chemical characteristics of produced biodiesel were studied and compared to the European norm, EN 14214.
Validation of ATAD2 and cMYC Copy Number and Gene Expression in Breast Brain Metastasis (BBM, n = 42) and Early-Stage Primary Breast Cancer Samples (n = 50). (2015)

&lt;p&gt;A) Vertical scatter plots demonstrate a copy number gain of ATAD2 and cMYC by qPCR but with no difference between BBM and primary breast tumors. B) Vertical scatter plots show comparative overexpression of ATAD2 in both primary tumors and primary breast cancer, whereas cMYC is not expressed. None of the comparisons between primary tumors and BBM samples were statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&gt;0.05).&lt;/p&gt;
Bacteriophage T4 Head Morphogenesis III. Some Novel Properties of Gene 13-Defective Heads (1972)

The nature of phage precursors in gene 13-defective infected cells was studied by electron microscopy and pulse-chase isotopic labeling experiments. Our results suggest that both stable (20%) and fragile (70%) filled-head precursors accumulated in the absence of gene 13 product. Upon extraction, the fragile heads were found to lose most of their deoxyribonucleic acid and appeared unfilled with an average density of 1.34 g/cm(3) and a sedimentation coefficient of 300S. These unfilled heads differed from empty gene 13-defective heads which did not have any associated deoxyribonucleic acid and banded at an average density of 1.31 g/cm(3). Furthermore, it was found that a tsN38 (temperature-sensitive mutant in gene 13)- infected culture maintained at 41.5 C for increasing times led to a decrease in specific infectivity of 1,000S phagelike particles. Electron microscopy of these particles revealed that the decreased infectivity was due to an improper union of head and tails.
Soft start vs AC drives-understand the differences (2003)

Many view soft starters and AC variable frequency drives as the same or similar technologies. And why not? Reading literature and articles the same or similar terms are used. The list of possible applications are virtually identical. But they are very different and these differences need to be understood if they are to be applied properly. This paper reviews the basic operating principles of soft starters and AC variable frequency drives (VFD). A further analysis of these technologies reviews how motor performance is affected. These affects are compared in order to provide insight into proper selection of either soft starters or VFDs.
Effects of antiprostatic agents on 5.ALPHA.-dihydrotestosterone binding to rat hypophyseal and hypothalamic cytosol macromolecules. (1979)

The binding of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone to the hypophyseal and hypothalamic cytosol macromolecules prepared from castrated male rats was observed. The effects of antiprostatic agents on 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding to both hypophyseal and hypothalamic cytosol macromolecules was examined. Cyproterone acetate and chlormadionone acetate showed the significant inhibiting effects on 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding to 7-8 S macromolecules of cytosol from both hypophysis and hypothalamus. SCH 13521 and AA 560 did also affect 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding to 7-8 S macromolecules of cytosol from both tissues.
Correction: Effect of Insulin on ACE2 Activity and Kidney Function in the Non-Obese Diabetic Mouse (2014)

We studied the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice model because it develops autoimmune diabetes that resembles human type 1 diabetes. In diabetic mice, urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was ten-fold increased at an ''early stage'' of diabetes, and twenty-fold increased at a ''later stage'' (21 and 40 days, respectively after diabetes diagnosis) as compared to non-obese resistant controls. In NOD Diabetic mice, glomerular enlargement, increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and increased blood pressure were observed in the early stage. In the late stage, NOD Diabetic mice developed mesangial expansion and reduced podocyte number. Circulating and urine ACE2 activity were markedly increased both, early and late in Diabetic mice. Insulin administration prevented albuminuria, markedly reduced GFR, blood pressure, and glomerular enlargement in the early stage; and prevented mesangial expansion and the reduced podocyte number in the late stage of diabetes. The increase in serum and urine ACE2 activity was normalized by insulin administration at the early and late stages of diabetes in Diabetic mice. We conclude that the Diabetic mice develops features of early kidney disease, including albuminuria and a marked increase in GFR. ACE2 activity is increased starting at an early stage in both serum and urine. Moreover, these alterations can be completely prevented by the chronic administration of insulin.
Performance of Fluorescence and Diffuse Reflectance Hyperspectral Imaging for Characterization of Lutefisk: A Traditional Norwegian Fish Dish (2020)

Lutefisk is a traditional Norwegian fish dish made from dried fish, such as cod or other whitefish. In Norway and other Nordic countries, lutefisk is considered among the most popular dishes served during Christmas or other festive occasions. However, to date, little attention has been paid to this product, and available research on the quality, processing, and chemistry of lutefisk is still limited. The quality of this very delicate product, with a high pH value, depends on many factors, such as the initial quality of raw materials (stockfish), the quantity of lye used during the preparation process of lutefisk, and time during soaking in the lye and water, among others, making it challenging to both optimize processing and monitor the quality of lutefisk. In this study, four commercially available lutefisk brands (labelled as A, B, C, and D) were characterized using two online spectroscopic techniques, namely fluorescence and diffuse reflectance hyperspectral imaging, implemented on conveyor belts to mimic industrial applications. The samples were also analyzed by the use of an offline laboratory instrument based on visible/near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Three traditional measurements, including texture, water content, and pH, were also conducted on the same samples. Supervised classification PLS-DA models were built with each dataset and relationships between the spectroscopic measurements and the traditional data were investigated using canonical correlations. The spectroscopic methods, especially fluorescence spectroscopy, demonstrated high performance for the discrimination between samples of the different brands, with high correlations between the spectral and traditional measurements. Although more validations of the results of this study are still required, these preliminary findings suggest that the destructive, laborious, and time-consuming traditional techniques can be replaced by rapid and nondestructive online measurements based on hyperspectral imaging used in fluorescence or diffuse reflectance mode.