gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PABPN1-Dependent mRNA Processing Induces Muscle Wasting (2016)

Poly(A) Binding Protein Nuclear 1 (PABPN1) is a multifunctional regulator of mRNA processing, and its expression levels specifically decline in aging muscles. An expansion mutation in PABPN1 is the genetic cause of oculopharyngeal muscle dystrophy (OPMD), a late onset and rare myopathy. Moreover, reduced PABPN1 expression correlates with symptom manifestation in OPMD. PABPN1 regulates alternative polyadenylation site (PAS) utilization. However, the impact of PAS utilization on cell and tissue function is poorly understood. We hypothesized that altered PABPN1 expression levels is an underlying cause of muscle wasting. To test this, we stably down-regulated PABPN1 in mouse tibialis anterior (TA) muscles by localized injection of adeno-associated viruses expressing shRNA to PABPN1 (shPab). We found that a mild reduction in PABPN1 levels causes muscle pathology including myofiber atrophy, thickening of extracellular matrix and myofiber-type transition. Moreover, reduced PABPN1 levels caused a consistent decline in distal PAS utilization in the 3'-UTR of a subset of OPMD-dysregulated genes. This alternative PAS utilization led to up-regulation of Atrogin-1, a key muscle atrophy regulator, but down regulation of proteasomal genes. Additionally reduced PABPN1 levels caused a reduction in proteasomal activity, and transition in MyHC isotope expression pattern in myofibers. We suggest that PABPN1-mediated alternative PAS utilization plays a central role in aging-associated muscle wasting.
Data from Cannabinoids Promote Progression of HPV-Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via p38 MAPK Activation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with daily marijuana use and is also increasing in parallel with increased marijuana use in the United States. Our study is designed to define the interaction between cannabinoids and HPV-positive HNSCC.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;The expression of cannabinoid receptors &lt;i&gt;CNR1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;CNR2&lt;/i&gt; was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC data. We used agonists, antagonists, siRNAs, or shRNA-based models to explore the roles of &lt;i&gt;CNR1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;CNR2&lt;/i&gt; in HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines and animal models. Cannabinoid downstream pathways involved were determined by Western blotting and analyzed in a primary HPV HNSCC cohort with single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and the OncoGenome Positioning System (Onco-GPS).&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;In TCGA cohort, the expression of &lt;i&gt;CNR1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;CNR2&lt;/i&gt; was elevated in HPV-positive HNSCC compared with HPV-negative HNSCC, and knockdown of &lt;i&gt;CNR1&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;CNR2&lt;/i&gt; expression inhibited proliferation in HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines. Specific CNR1 and CNR2 activation as well as nonselective cannabinoid receptor activation in cell lines and animal models promoted cell growth, migration, and inhibited apoptosis through p38 MAPK pathway activation. CNR1/CNR2 antagonists suppressed cell proliferation and migration and induced apoptosis. Using whole-genome expression analysis in a primary HPV HNSCC cohort, we identified specific p38 MAPK pathway activation signature in tumors from HPV HNSCC patients with objective measurement of concurrent cannabinoid exposure.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Cannabinoids can promote progression of HPV-positive HNSCC through p38 MAPK pathway activation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A novel salt-tolerant chitobiosidase discovered by genetic screening of a metagenomic library derived from chitin-amended agricultural soil (2015)

Here, we report on the construction of a metagenomic library from a chitin-amended disease-suppressive agricultural soil and its screening for genes that encode novel chitinolytic enzymes. The library, constructed in fosmids in an Escherichia coli host, comprised 145,000 clones containing inserts of sizes of 21 to 40 kb, yielding a total of approximately 5.8 GB of cloned soil DNA. Using genetic screenings by repeated PCR cycles aimed to detect gene sequences of the bacterial chitinase A-class (hereby named chi A genes), we identified and characterized five fosmids carrying candidate genes for chitinolytic enzymes. The analysis thus allowed access to the genomic (fosmid-borne) context of these genes. Using the chiA-targeted PCR, which is based on degenerate primers, the five fosmids all produced amplicons, of which the sequences were related to predicted chitinolytic enzyme-encoding genes of four different host organisms, including Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Sequencing and de novo annotation of the fosmid inserts confirmed that each one of these carried one or more open reading frames that were predicted to encode enzymes active on chitin, including one for a chitin deacetylase. Moreover, the genetic contexts in which the putative chitinolytic enzyme-encoding genes were located were unique per fosmid. Specifically, inserts from organisms related to Burkholderia sp., Acidobacterium sp., Aeromonas veronii, and the chloroflexi Nitrolancetus hollandicus and/or Ktedonobacter racemifer were obtained. Remarkably, the S. maltophilia chiA-like gene was found to occur in two different genetic contexts (related to N. hollandicus/K. racemifer), indicating the historical occurrence of genetic reshufflings in this part of the soil microbiota. One fosmid containing the insert composed of DNA from the N. hollandicus-like organism (denoted 53D1) was selected for further work. Using subcloning procedures, its putative gene for a chitinolytic enzyme was successfully brought to expression in an E. coli host. On the basis of purified protein preparations, the produced protein was characterized as a chitobiosidase of 43.6 kDa, with a pI of 4.83. Given its activity spectrum, it can be typified as a halotolerant chitobiosidase.
2—PERMANENT-PRESS EFFECTS IN WOOL: PART V: METHODS OF STABILIZING SET (1971)

Shrink-resist wool set in the normal way can lose wanted set or acquire unwanted set during machine-washing and tumble-drying because the molecular-bond rearrangements responsible for setting can still occur during the laundering cycle. The set can be stabilized to withstand such laundering by any of the following methods: the inhibition of thiol-disulphide interchange by: removing ionized thiol groups, or converting disulphide bonds to non-interchangeable links, such as —S—, —SCH2S—; the introduction of new cross-links; or denaturation to form structures that are slow to rearrange during washing. The stability of set is enhanced by a combination of the methods because these operate by different mechanisms. Prevention of thiol-disulphide interchange appears to be more important during washing, whereas the presence of cross-links appears to be more important to aid recovery during tumble-drying.
Preparation of hippurate-zinc layered hydroxide nanohybrid and its synergistic effect with tamoxifen on HepG2 cell lines (2011)

The release of hippuric acid anions from HAN occurred in a controlled manner, and the resulting material is suitable for a controlled-release formulation.
Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Regioselective B(4)–H Amination of o-Carboranes with Sufilimines (2023)

Iridium(III)-catalyzed regioselective B(4)-H amination is developed from the reaction of <i>o</i>-carborane acids with sulfilimines without any oxidants under mild conditions, which leads to a wide range of B(4)-H aminated <i>o</i>-carboranes in good yields with a broad substrate scope. Moreover, the selective B(3,6)-diamination reaction of the <i>o</i>-carborane acid was achieved. The present reaction is attractive from a practical point of view because dibenzothiophene is quantitatively recovered and reused.
Current Status of Pharmacologic Therapies in Patient Blood Management (2013)

*Pathology Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; and †Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine, Pain Management, and Hyperbaric Medicine, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ.
Enriched event streams (2018)

Developers have been the subject of many empirical studies over the years. To assist developers in their everyday work, an understanding of their activities is necessary, especially how they develop source code. Unfortunately, conducting such studies is very expensive and researchers often resort to studying artifacts after the fact. To pave the road for future empirical studies on developer activities, we built FeedBaG, a general-purpose interaction tracker for Visual Studio that monitors development activities. The observations are stored in enriched event streams that encode a holistic picture of the in-IDE development process. Enriched event streams capture all commands invoked in the IDE with additional context information, such as the test being run or the accompanying fine-grained code edits. We used FeedBaG to collect enriched event streams from 81 developers. Over 1,527 days, we collected more than 11M events that correspond to 15K hours of working time.
Non-triggered quantification of central and peripheral pulse-wave velocity (2011)

The PWV map of the arterial tree from ascending aorta to femoral arteries may provide additional insight into pathophysiology of vascular aging and atherosclerosis.
Lessons From Outbreaks Associated With Bronchoscopy (2001)

Bronchoscopy is currently the most commonly employed invasive procedure in the practice of pulmonary medicine. 1 An estimated 497,000 bronchoscopy procedures were performed in the United States in 1996. 2 Current and new applications include bronchoscopic ultrasound, laser therapy, brachytherapy, electrocautery, cryotherapy, placement of airway stents, and balloon dilatation to relieve airway obstruction caused by airway lesions. 3 Flexible endoscopes also are widely used in other medical disciplines. For example, more than 10,000,000 gastrointestinal endoscopies are performed each year. 4 Endoscopes represent the medical devices most commonly linked to nosocomial outbreaks and pseudooutbreaks. 5 Flexible endoscopes present a challenge for low-temperature sterilization or high-level disinfection, because they have long narrow lumens, cross-connections, mated surfaces, sharp angles, springs and valves, occluded dead ends, absorbent material, and rough or pitted surfaces. 6,7 Failure to eradicate contamination that occurred during use may lead to person-to-person transmission of pathogens (eg, Mycobacterium tuberculosis); failure to prevent contamination during disinfection or storage may lead to outbreaks or pseudo-outbreaks from environmental microbes (eg, nontuberculous mycobacteria, or Rhodotorula rubra). In this issue, Sorin and colleagues 8 describe the nosocomial transmission of an imipenemresistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Kressel and Kidd 9 describe a pseudo-outbreak involving organisms relatively resistant to glutaraldehyde (ie, Mycobacterium chelonae and Methylobacterium mesophilicum) associated with the use of contaminated bronchoscopes.
Hyaluronan-Phosphatidylethanolamine Polymers Form Pericellular Coats on Keratinocytes and Promote Basal Keratinocyte Proliferation (2014)

Aged keratinocytes have diminished proliferative capacity and hyaluronan (HA) cell coats, which are losses that contribute to atrophic skin characterized by reduced barrier and repair functions. We formulated HA-phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine, HA-PE) polymers that form pericellular coats around cultured dermal fibroblasts independently of CD44 or RHAMM display. We investigated the ability of these HA-PE polymers to penetrate into aged mouse skin and restore epidermal function in vivo. Topically applied Alexa(647)-HA-PE penetrated into the epidermis and dermis, where it associated with both keratinocytes and fibroblasts. In contrast, Alexa(647)-HA was largely retained in the outer cornified layer of the epidermis and quantification of fluorescence confirmed that significantly more Alexa(647)-HA-PE penetrated into and was retained within the epidermis than Alexa(647)-HA. Multiple topical applications of HA-PE to shaved mouse skin significantly stimulated basal keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal thickness compared to HA or vehicle cream alone. HA-PE had no detectable effect on keratinocyte differentiation and did not promote local or systemic inflammation. These effects of HA-PE polymers are similar to those reported for endogenous epidermal HA in youthful skin and show that topical application of HA-PE polymers can restore some of the impaired functions of aged epidermis.
Collection Management in Sci-Tech Libraries: An Introduction (2019)

Provides a summary of the basic aspects of managing a collection of scientific and technical materials. Discusses collection development policy statements, criteria for making selections, examples of published sources listing current publications, making selections and policies for weeding collections. Includes a brief review of costs of sci-tech literature.
A new laryngeal mask prototype (1995)

A new prototype laryngeal mask airway is described which incorporates a second mask to isolate the upper oesophagus and a second dorsal cuff to increase the seal against the glottis. We have made a within-patient comparison of seal pressures between the prototype and standard laryngeal mask airway in 20 patients, and determined if the prototype facilitates functional isolation of the glottis and upper oesophagus. Leak pressure was found to be significantly higher for the prototype and equalled or exceeded 5.0 kPa in all patients (p < 0.001). The prototype laryngeal mask airway provided functional isolation in all patients as judged by leak and placement of a gastric tube via the oesophageal mask. Ease of insertion and incidence of pharyngeal morbidity appeared similar to the standard laryngeal mask, but were not formally tested. The prototype laryngeal mask airway exhibits potentially useful new features which justify further evaluation and development.
Dynamic Route Guidance - Different Approaches to the System Concepts (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Dynamic route guidance is a main feature when discussing traffic telematics systems. At the present time, several system concepts are in the development or implementation stage. The key elements of dynamic route guidance systems are illustrated in the following.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Two approaches could be used when designing the system architecture:&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; &lt;ol class="list nostyle"&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;span class="li-label"&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Centralized routing in traffic information centers combined with on-board terminals.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;span class="li-label"&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Mobile routing by on-board navigation units which use information received from traffic information centers.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The different approaches are presented in this paper. The influences on component design and the effects on communication needs are discussed. This leads to the “hybrid” system architecture which is presented including implementation examples.&lt;/div&gt;
Using quantitative proteomics of Arabidopsis roots and leaves to predict metabolic activity (2006)

Proteins isolated from developing roots and leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana were separated by high‐resolution two‐dimensional (2‐D) electrophoresis. The resulting 2‐D proteome maps are markedly different. Quantitative analysis of root and leaf protein spot pairs revealed that in most instances there was at least a 1.5‐fold differential. Peptide mass fingerprint analysis of the 288 most abundant 2‐D spots from each organ allowed 156 and 126 protein assignments for roots and leaves, respectively, 54 of which were common. Metabolism‐related proteins accounted for 20% of assignments in samples from both organs, whereas energy‐related proteins comprised 25 and 18% of leaf and root samples, respectively. Proteins involved in disease resistance and defense encompass 13% of root proteins, but only 7% of leaf proteins. Comparison of protein abundance with transcript abundance, using previously reported microarray data, yielded a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.6, suggesting that it is inappropriate to make protein level or metabolic conclusions based solely upon data from transcript profiling. A comparative model of root and leaf metabolism was developed, based upon protein rather than transcript abundance. The model indicates elevated one‐carbon and tricarboxylic acid metabolism in roots relative to leaves.
DE FINETTI ON RISK AVERSION (2009)

According to Mark Rubinstein (2006) ‘In 1952, anticipating Kenneth Arrow and John Pratt by over a decade, he [de Finetti] formulated the notion of absolute risk aversion, used it in connection with risk premia for small bets, and discussed the special case of constant absolute risk aversion.’ The purpose of this note is to ascertain the extent to which this is true, and at the same time, to correct certain minor errors that appear in de Finetti's work.
Small molecules block the interaction between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and CD163 receptor and the infection of pig cells (2020)

Our study identified a novel strategy to potentially prevent PRRSV infection in pigs by blocking the PRRSV-CD163 interaction with small molecules.
Preservation of documents by lamination (1959)

The chemical stability and physical properties of cellulose acetate film used to preserve and restore old or damaged documents by lamination were investigated. Pretreatment of documents with alkaline media before lamination is desirable if the paper contains an appreciable amount of acid. The lamination process does not degrade cellulose acetate film to a measurable extent. Acid-free papers are not degraded during lamination, but papers containing acid are degraded in proportion to the amount of acid present. Tissue added to the laminate increases the tensile strength and internal tear resistance, but decreases edge-tear resistance as compared to that of film alone extending beyond the paper.
Laser brazing of high strength steels (2007)

The application of high strength steels demands for joining methods for these steels. As welding may be difficult for some of the steels due to a detrimental effect of weld metal and the heat affected zone on the mechanical properties of the joint, brazing of these steels might be a better solution. Therefore, laser brazing of high-strength steels is regarded. Besides the brazeability of high strength steels such as TRIP800, the possibility of brazing these steels to low alloyed steels (DC05) with or without zinc coatings is discussed. The heat affected zones (HAZ) of the joints were analysed and the change of hardness in the HAZ was measured. It was established that the hardness of the steels is increased within the HAZ for all steels considered. Even an intermetallic phase seam was detected in the steel-filler metal interface. These results are correlated with the strength of the joint and cracking behaviour. This behaviour was experimentally verified by static fracture tests. So the influence of the intermetallic phases and the HAZ on the strength of the joint is better understandable. The results will contribute to an improved understanding of the brazeability of high strength steels.
ChemInform Abstract: Taxol Total Synthesis: Preparation of a Chiral Ring A Moiety via Biomimetic Cyclization and Evaluation of a Tandem Nitrile Oxide Strategy for Rings B/C. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Recording of 6000 holograms by use of spectral hole burning (1995)

Experiments verifying a new method of storing spectral hole-burning holograms, which yields reduced cross talk as compared with standard spectral hole-burning holograms, have been conducted. Results demonstrating the reduced width of this type of hologram in both frequency and the applied electric-field dimension are presented. Analytic solutions for the spectral width and diffraction efficiency of these holograms are presented. Using this exposure technique, we have recorded 6000 holograms in a single spectral hole-burning sample.
{O-Ethyl (Z)-[4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]thiocarbamato-κS}(triethylphosphine-κP)gold(I)–{O-ethyl (Z)-[4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]thiocarbamato-κS}(triethylphosphine-κP)gold(I) (1/1) (2007)

A linear coordination geometry defined by S and P atoms is found for Au in both components of the title 1:1 cocrystal, [Au(C6H15P)(C11H12NO3S)]·[Au(C6H15P)(C12H14NO3S)]. Pairs of molecules disordered over an inversion centre associate via Au⋯·S inter­actions and these dimeric units are connected into chains via C—H⋯O inter­actions.
Sum Rate and Reliability Analysis for Power-Domain Nonorthogonal Multiple Access (PD-NOMA) (2021)

Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is seen as an important technology for tomorrow's Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems. In uplink power-domain NOMA (PD-NOMA), allocating the uplink transmit power of the IoT devices is important to maximize both the sum rate and the reliability of devices. However, it is challenging to optimize the uplink transmit power when the received signal power is affected by a random fading channel. Hence, in this article, the problem of uplink transmit power assignment is studied for a wireless network with PD-NOMA that serves uplink IoT services. This is posed as a problem of determining the target received signal power at the base station (BS) so that the reliability and upper bound of sum rate of the users are jointly maximized, where the received signal power at the BS is unknown to the devices due to Nakagami- m fading channel. To find an optimal allocation of the lower and higher target received power values for the devices using PD-NOMA, the reliability and upper bound of sum rate are derived in terms of target received power values and power difference threshold. For a special case of Nakagami- m fading channel, the theoretical analysis shows that the highest reliability and the highest upper bound of sum rate are achieved, when the target received power values are highest. For a general Nakagami- m fading channel, simulation results show that there is a tradeoff between reliability and sum-rate upper bound and, thus, allocation of lower and higher target received power values is necessary to satisfy the communication requirements of IoT devices. Moreover, for a special case of Nakagami- m fading channel, simulation results show that the derived optimal transmit power achieves the optimal sum-rate upper bound and reliability, and the target received power values of two devices must be highest for the maximum upper bound of sum rate and reliability. Furthermore, in simulation results, increasing the lower and higher target received power values increases both the upper bound of sum rate and reliability.
These words are music to my ears: Recognizing music emotion from lyrics using AdaBoost (2013)

In this paper, we propose using AdaBoost with decision trees to implement music emotion classification (MEC) from song lyrics as a more appropriate alternative to the conventional SVMs. Traditional text categorizations methods using bag-of-words features and machine learning methods such as SVM do not perform well on MEC from lyrics because lyrics tend to be much shorter than other documents. Boosting builds on a lot of weak classifiers to model the presence or absence of salient phrases to make the final classification. Our accuracy reached an average of 74.12% on a dataset consisting of 3766 songs with 14 emotion categories, compared to an average of 69.72% accuracy using the well-known SVM classification, with statistical significant improvement.