gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
&lt;i&gt;Impact of Variation in Electronic Control Scheme Parameters for Hog Cooling Pads&lt;/i&gt; (2020)

<b><sc>Abstract.</sc></b> Lactating sows in farrowing crates are susceptible to thermal stress, particularly in hot summer months, resulting in decreased feed intake, increased respiration rate, and reduced milk production. This ultimately reduces piglet weights at weaning. A thermally conductive cooling pad has been developed to remove excess heat from lactating sows through direct contact, rejecting heat into a liquid coolant. An electronic control system was recently added that utilized either a temporal or temperature threshold-based control scheme to intermittently flush cool water through the pad, replacing water that had been warmed by the sow. Twelve lactating sows were provided cooling pads to test the effectiveness of each control type and study how the variation of each control‘s main parameter affected the heat transfer from the sows. The main parameter for the temporal control was the time between flushes while the main parameter for the temperature threshold control was the threshold temperature. All sows were exposed to each main parameter variation for each control type in a random order using a Latin square design to negate any serial effects of treatments. The ambient temperature inside the barn was maintained at 32°C for the duration of the experiment. The effectiveness of each control-parameter combination was measured in kJ of heat removed per liter of water. This data will allow further refinement of the electronic control system, reducing the water necessary to achieve a certain level of heat removal from the sow and optimizing the control protocols for specific animal and environmental conditions.
A Review of Laser and Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer (2004)

BACKGROUND The role of laser and light sources used alone and in conjunction with photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) remains unclear. PDT is a newly accepted treatment option for actinic keratoses (AKs) with clearance rates comparable to 5-flourouracil. The purpose of this study was to review literature pertaining to the use of light-emitting technologies and PDT for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and AKs. METHODS A National Library of Medicine PubMed Internet search of English-language journals was performed using the terms laser, PDT, BCC, SCC, and AK. The search encompassed all English-language clinical trials on human subjects from the mid-1960s to the present using laser and light source therapy and/or topical aminolevulinic acid. Articles were excluded if they contained fewer than 10 patients, had a follow-up time of less than 1 month, used intravenous photosensitizers, or were review articles. RESULTS A total of 20 papers were included for review (10 for BCC, 4 for AK, and 6 for SCC). Follow-up for these patients ranged from 1 to 36 months. Clearance rates were reported up to 100% for superficial BCCs, AKs, and SCC in situ, and lower (8%) for more invasive SCC. Recurrence rates ranged from to 0% to 31% for superficial BCCs, 16% to 31% for AKs, 0% to 52% for SCC in situ, and 82% for invasive SCC. CONCLUSION Precise PDT and laser clearance and recurrence rates for superficial and nodular BCC and SCC treated with laser and PDT are not yet known. From the available data, it appears that PDT may be capable of achieving clearance rates comparable to radiation therapy for BCC. However, with current technology, PDT treatment of BCC remains inferior to surgical excision and Mohs surgery, for which recurrence rates have been reported to be less than 10%. The reported clearance rates currently limit the usefulness of PDT and laser therapy. However, multiple treatments and the use of penetration enhancers may significantly increase the efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid–PDT. With regard to SCCs, the risk of metastatic disease restricts the use of laser and PDT. Studies are currently underway with new light sources, photosensitizers, and various therapeutic regimens. At this time, because the reported recurrence rates are significantly higher than those achieved with standard therapies, laser and PDT should be reserved for only those patients who cannot undergo surgical therapy for BCC and SCC.
Dynamic Guidance Strategy for Pedestrian Travel in Large-Scale Activity under Harsh Environment (2022)

Large-scale activities such as the Winter Olympics are usually held in areas with low temperature or other harsh environments, which greatly affects the spectating experience of pedestrians. In order to improve the travel efficiency and reduce the safety risk of pedestrians, an adaptive information-distribution strategy of VMS (variable message sign) for road networks is proposed to guide the pedestrians. In the proposed strategy, the dynamic feedback mechanism between the VMS information distribution and the state of crowded pedestrians is established, and the dynamic optimization model of the VMS information release layout is formulated. To evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy, a multiagent-based simulation method is proposed. Through numerical simulation, it is found that the guidance strategy can improve the movement efficiency by adjusting releasing duration of VMS information or improving the information obedience rate of pedestrians. In this paper, a large-scale competition area in the Xiaohaituo Mountain in Beijing was taken as an example to simulate the scenarios of ingress and egress with and without the strategy. The results show that the average walking time and the road congestion can be significantly reduced in the road network with the strategy, and the proportion of pedestrians with shorter travel time can be increased. Therefore, the research can provide theoretical foundation and data support for managers to guide passenger flows and improve the spectating experience.
Organic level and caloric content of eggs of brooding asteroids and an echinoid (Echinodermata) from Kerguelen (South Indian Ocean) (1984)

Summary Egg diameters (mm) of the asteroids Diplasterias meridionalis, Anas ferias perrieri, and Anasterias rupicola and of the echinoid Abatus cordatus were 2.79, 1.75, 1.37 and 1.34, respectively. The levels (% dry wt) of soluble protein/insoluble protein/lipid/carbohydrate were 44: 15: 36: 0.4, 29: 31: 35: 0.9, 37: 28: 26:1.0, and 33:29: 35:2.1, respectively. The calories/egg were 38, 9.45 ± 1.75, 4.69, 3.70 ± 0.98, respectively. Brooded, A. perrieri (1.46 mg dry wt/individual, R = 1.47 mm) had 7.85 ± 1.5 cal/ind. Brooded, A. cordatus (1.76 mg dry wt/ind, length = 2.02 mm) had 4.17 ± 0.06 cal/ind. There was little change in the amount of organic material during development in either species, but the amount of ash increased 5-fold in A. perrieri and 13-fold in A. cordatus. The significance of the large eggs may be in the production of a large juvenile, and not in the provision of a large amount of energy for development.
Lack of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) deregulates B-cell survival and results in B-cell lymphocytosis in mice (2015)

Glucocorticoids (GC) are widely used as antiinflammatory/immunosuppressive drugs and antitumor agents in several types of lymphoma and leukemia. Therapeutic doses of GC induce growth-suppressive and cytotoxic effects on various leukocytes including B cells. Molecular mechanisms of GC action include induction of GC target genes. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a rapidly, potently, and invariably GC-induced gene. It mediates a number of GC effects, such as control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Here we show that deletion of GILZ in mice leads to an accumulation of B lymphocytes in the bone marrow, blood, and lymphoid tissues. Gilz knockout (KO) mice develop a progressive nonlethal B lymphocytosis, with expansion of B220(+) cells in the bone marrow and in the periphery, dependent on increased B-cell survival. Decreased B-cell apoptosis in mice lacking GILZ correlates with increased NF-κB transcriptional activity and Bcl-2 expression. B cell-specific gilz KO mice confirmed that the effect of GILZ deletion is B-cell self-intrinsic. These results establish GILZ as an important regulator of B-cell survival and suggest that the deregulation of GILZ expression could be implicated in the pathogenesis of B-cell disorders.
471 (2012)

Introduction: Ischemic preconditioning is a promising strategy to prevent acute kidney injury causd by ischemia/reperfusion injury. We set out to determine if ischemic preconditioning protects glomerular endothelial cell (GenC) monolayers from a model of ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and whether prolonged hyperglycemia alters the effects of ischemic preconditioning. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that ischemic preconditioning would protect GenC integrity in an in vitro model of IRI, and that this effect would be unchanged in the setting of prolonged hyperglycemia. Methods: GenC were cultured on transwells in normoxia and either normoglycemic (5.5 mM glucose) or hyperglycemic (25.5 mM glucose) conditions. After 5 days of culture, GenC were subjected to either 60 minutes ischemic preconditioning (oxygen-glucose deprivation, OGD) or sham. GenC were returned to normoxia/normoglycemia for 18h. Both preconditioned and control groups of GENC were then exposed to OGD for 6 hours followed by 18 hours of reoxygenation/glucose repletion. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) was used as a measure of GenC monolayer integrity, and was assessed prior to OGD and after reoxygenation/glucose repletion. Statistical analysis was performed using 2-tailed Student’s t-test. Results: The normoglycemic GenC monolayers exposed to ischemic preconditioning were more resistant to OGD than unconditioned gENC as measured by higher TEER values (p=0.02, n= 6). When GenC were cultured in hyperglycemia prior to experimentation, the effect of ischemic preconditioning was lost, and there was no significant difference in TEER values (p=0.68, n=3). Conclusions: These data suggest that ischemic preconditioning protects the integrity of healthy GenC monolayers in an in vitro model of ischemia reperfusion. However, it appears that the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning is lost in cells that are cultured in hyperglycemic conditions. Supported by awards from the Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research (KJS), Collins Medical Trust (KJS), and K08DK090754-01 (MPH).
Comment on ’’High coercivity, isotropic plasma sprayed samarium-cobalt magnets’’ (1980)

It is shown that the experimental results obtained by Kumar et al. on plasma-sprayed Sm-Co alloys, which seem to refute the existence of a eutectoid decomposition of SmCo5, can actually be taken as further experimental evidence in favor of the presence of the decomposition reaction.
Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase–Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection and Sequence Analysis of the VP2 Hypervariable Region of Indian Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Isolates (2007)

Bursal samples collected from different field outbreaks in commercially reared chicken flocks from India that were suspected of very virulent (vv) infectious bursal disease (vvIBD) were tested. Two vaccine strains that are commonly being used in India also were included to ascertain their relatedness with the field isolates. When tested with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 14 of the 15 samples were found to be positive for vvIBD virus (vvIBDV) genetic sequences as determined by the vv232 and vv256 vvIBDV-specific probes. A melting temperature of 50 C and above was characteristic of vvIBDV strains. The vaccine strain infectious bursal disease intermediate (IBDI)-plus (IBDI+) had a higher melting temperature compared with IBDI, suggesting more relatedness to the vvIBDV strains. The real-time RT-PCR technique can be a useful tool in differentiating classic and vvIBDV strains and thereby assist in adopting more effective control strategies. Sequencing of the VP2 hypervariable region of these isolates further confirmed the results of real-time RT-PCR. All the suspected vvIBDV samples were found to share unique amino acid substitutions at positions 222 A, 256 I, 294 I, and 299 S characteristic of the very virulent strains. More sequence differences occurred at the nucleotide level among the vvIBDVs. They shared exactly the same amino acid sequence among themselves and also with the Bangladesh isolate BD-3-99 and some of the Nigerian isolates. They differed by one amino acid from earlier published Indian, Asian, and European vvIBDV VP2 sequences. The nucleotide sequence of IBDI+ vaccine showed more similarities with vvIBDV sequences; hence, it may be of more value in the control of these very virulent strains.
Determination of molecular formulas and structural regularities of low molecular weight fulvic acids by size‐exclusion chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2004)

Size-exclusion chromatography was coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization in the negative ion mode to analyze Suwannee River fulvic acid. About 220 exact masses of low molecular weight fulvic acids (FAs) were measured in the range from m/z 190 to 350, and molecular formulas could be deduced for all these molecular masses. All molecular formulas can be described by the superimposition of three homologous series in the FA mixture: (a) a series of hydrogen homologs constituted of five to six members for a given number of carbons and oxygens; (b) a series of alkyl chain homologs with stepwise addition of one methylene group; and (c) isobaric compounds that differ by the formal replacement of an oxygen atom by a methane group. Product ion spectra of the FA species reflect the repeated parallel losses of carbon dioxide and water. The minimum number of carboxylate groups and the maximum number of hydroxy moieties could be determined from the product ion spectra. Furthermore, it was obvious that the structural differences between homologs in the three series are located in the carbon backbone of the FA rather than in its extremities that are expelled as neutral fragments. These structural regularities reduce the complexity of FA mixtures to a certain set of yet unknown basic structures.
Deductive optimization of relational data storage (2020)

Optimizing the physical data storage and retrieval of data are two key database management problems. In this paper, we propose a language that can express both a relational query and the layout of its data. Our language can express a wide range of physical database layouts, going well beyond the row- and column-based methods that are widely used in database management systems. We use deductive program synthesis to turn a high-level relational representation of a database query into a highly optimized low-level implementation which operates on a specialized layout of the dataset. We build an optimizing compiler for this language and conduct experiments using a popular database benchmark, which shows that the performance of our specialized queries is better than a state-of-the-art in memory compiled database system while achieving an order-of-magnitude reduction in memory use.
DAST-mediated ring-opening of cyclopropyl silyl ethers in nitriles: facile synthesis of allylic amides via a Ritter-type process (2022)

A diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST)-mediated ring-opening reaction of cyclopropyl silyl ethers in nitriles produced allylic amides in moderate to good yields (up to 87%). Time course studies using ReactIR and O-isotopic labeling mechanistic studies suggested that the present reaction occurs <i>via</i> a Ritter-type process, leading to the formation of allylic amides.
Development of Simulation Model for Normal Sintering of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> by Finite Element Method (1998)

A simulation model was developed to predict the shrinkage of ceramic compacts during sintering by finite element method. For different heating rates or compact sizes, the sintering shrinkage of compacts in the process of raising and holding temperature was calculated using the developed model and compared with the experimental data to examine the validity of the model. Results of simulation agreed well with the experimental phenomenon in which densification proceeds slowly for high rates of heating or large sizes of compacts. Thus, it became clear that the size change of a compact during sintering could be predicted for the unknown sintering conditions or compact size using this simulation model.
SGEF Is Regulated via TWEAK/Fn14/NF-κB Signaling and Promotes Survival by Modulation of the DNA Repair Response to Temozolomide (2016)

SGEF, as a dual process modulator of cell survival and invasion, represents a novel target for treatment refractory glioblastoma.
Estimation, Training, and Effect of Timing Offsets in Distributed Cooperative Networks (2010)

Successful collaboration in cooperative networks require accurate estimation of multiple timing offsets. When combined with signal processing algorithms the estimated timing offsets can be applied to mitigate the resulting inter-symbol interference (ISI). This paper seeks to address timing synchronization in distributed multi-relay amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying networks, where timing offset estimation using a training sequence is analyzed. First, training sequence design guidelines are presented that are shown to result in improved estimation performance. Next, two iterative estimators are derived that can determine multiple timing offsets at the destination. The proposed estimators have a considerably lower computational complexity while numerical results demonstrate that they are accurate and reach or approach the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB).
Characterization of a CNS penetrant, selective M1muscarinic receptor agonist, 77‐LH‐28‐1 (2008)

These data suggest that 77-LH-28-1 is a potent, selective, bioavailable and brain-penetrant agonist at the M1 mAChR and therefore that it represents a better tool than AC-42, with which to study the pharmacology of the M1 mAChR.
PepHMM:  A Hidden Markov Model Based Scoring Function for Mass Spectrometry Database Search (2005)

An accurate scoring function for database search is crucial for peptide identification using tandem mass spectrometry. Although many mathematical models have been proposed to score peptides against tandem mass spectra, our method (called PepHMM, http://msms.cmb.usc.edu) is unique in that it combines information on machine accuracy, mass peak intensity, and correlation among ions into a hidden Markov model (HMM). In addition, we develop a method to calculate statistical significance of the HMM scores. We implement the method and test them on two sets of experimental data generated by two different types of mass spectrometers and compare the results with MASCOT and SEQUEST under the same condition. One experimental results show that PepHMM has a much higher accuracy (with 6.5% error rate) than MASCOT (with 17.4% error rate), and the other experimental results show that PepHMM identifies 43 and 31% more correct spectra than SEQUEST and MASCOT, respectively.
Comfort and patient-centred care without excessive sedation: the eCASH concept (2016)

We propose an integrated and adaptable approach to improve patient care and clinical outcomes through analgesia and light sedation, initiated early during an episode of critical illness and as a priority of care. This strategy, which may be regarded as an evolution of the Pain, Agitation and Delirium guidelines, is conveyed in the mnemonic eCASH-early Comfort using Analgesia, minimal Sedatives and maximal Humane care. eCASH aims to establish optimal patient comfort with minimal sedation as the default presumption for intensive care unit (ICU) patients in the absence of recognised medical requirements for deeper sedation. Effective pain relief is the first priority for implementation of eCASH: we advocate flexible multimodal analgesia designed to minimise use of opioids. Sedation is secondary to pain relief and where possible should be based on agents that can be titrated to a prespecified target level that is subject to regular review and adjustment; routine use of benzodiazepines should be minimised. From the outset, the objective of sedation strategy is to eliminate the use of sedatives at the earliest medically justifiable opportunity. Effective analgesia and minimal sedation contribute to the larger aims of eCASH by facilitating promotion of sleep, early mobilization strategies and improved communication of patients with staff and relatives, all of which may be expected to assist rehabilitation and avoid isolation, confusion and possible long-term psychological complications of an ICU stay. eCASH represents a new paradigm for patient-centred care in the ICU. Some organizational challenges to the implementation of eCASH are identified.
SPANNING TREES FOR DISTRIBUTED SEARCH IN P2P SYSTEMS (2004)

Searching for data location in P2P systems is a messageintensive task. Basically, a query needs to reach all the nodes in order to find the locations of a specified data. This search involves a broadcast, and an inappropriate broadcast strategy may not only lead to inefficient data sharing, but also directly affect the scalability of the P2P system. We propose the utilization of an ad-hoc spanning tree for distributed search in P2P systems. This spanning tree is built as an overlay network. We define algorithms to maintain the ad-hoc spanning tree, and we compare the search time obtained with the ad-hoc spanning tree with the time obtained with other structures used for broadcasting in parallel and distributed systems. This comparison is done with an MPI emulation.
Measures to improve bilingual teaching in the Science and Engineering Specialty of a university (2011)

In view of the common problems in bilingual teaching in the Science and Engineering Specialty of a university,this paper explores the improvement measures in the aspects of selection of courses,use of textbooks,teaching models and teaching management.And combining the construction and teaching practice of the state-level demonstrative bilingual course Environment and Sustainable Development,it presents some concrete suggestions on the improvement of bilingual teaching system in the Science and Engineering Specialty of a university.
Universally composable two-party and multi-party secure computation (2002)

We show how to securely realize any multi-party functionality in a universally composable way, regardless of the number of corrupted participants. That is, we consider a multi-party network with open communication and an adversary that can adaptively corrupt as many parties as it wishes. In this setting, our protocols allow any subset of the parties (with pairs of parties being a special case) to securely realize any desired functionality of their local inputs, and be guaranteed that security is preserved regardless of the activity in the rest of the network. This implies that security is preserved under concurrent composition of an unbounded number of protocol executions, it implies non-malleability with respect to arbitrary protocols, and more. Our constructions are in the common reference string model and make general intractability assumptions.