gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A CONCEPTUAL MODEL COMBINATION FOR THE UNIFICATION OF DESIGN AND TOLERANCING IN ROBUST DESIGN (2020)

Abstract In design engineering, the early consideration of tolerance chains contributes to robust design. For this, a link of design and tolerancing domains is essential. This paper presents a combination of the graph-based tolerancing approach and the Contact and Channel approach to link these domains. The combined approach is applied at a coinage machine. Here it provides detailed insights into state-dependent relations of embodiment and functions, which can improve robustness evaluation of the concept. This approach shows a possibility to bridge the gap between design and tolerancing domains.
Prenatal methanol exposure alters expression of dopaminergic markers in the striatum of a parkinsonian mouse model (2009)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a loss of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons. The etiology of PD remains unknown. This study proposes that prenatal exposure to methanol (MeOH) will sensitize the developing dopamine system to post‐natal challenges. Pregnant mice were treated with MeOH (4 mg/kg) during gestational days 8‐12. At 12 weeks of age, the control and MeOH exposed offspring were treated with 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6,‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 7 days. Markers of the dopaminergic system such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) as well as dopamine (DA) and its metabolites were determined in the striatum of control and MeOH offspring. The results show that striatal TH and dopamine were decreased by 25% and 44.2% respectively, in MeOH offspring. DA, TH and LAAD expression were decreased in a dose dependent manner by MPTP in both the control and MeOH offspring. The MeOH groups with an already 25% reduction, showed a reduced rate of decline of TH or resistance to MPTP. In summary, evidence from preliminary histological study indicates that MeOH causes a failure of TH cell migration into SN compacta. This may reduce the TH projection fibers to the striatum and code for a more resilient population of TH cells. The outcome is a positive test of concept that a sensitization stage underlies PD.
True separate compilation of Java classes (2002)

We define a type system modeling true separate compilation for a small but significant Java subset, in the sense that a single class declaration can be intra-checked (following the Cardelli's terminology) and compiled providing a minimal set of type requirements on missing classes. These requirements are specified by a local type environment associated with each single class, while in the existing formal definitions of the Java type system classes are typed in a global type environment containing all the type information on a closed program. We also provide formal rules for static inter-checking and relate our approach with compilation of closed programs, by proving that we get the same results.
Does 3'-terminal poly(A) stabilize human fibroblast interferon mRNA in oocytes of Xenopus laevis? (1978)

Polynucleotide phosphorylase (polyribonucleotide:orthophosphate nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.8) purified from Escherichia coli was used enzymatically to deadenylate polyadenylated human fibroblast interferon mRNA preparations obtained from human diploid fibroblasts (FS-4 strain) induced by poly(I)-poly(C) (20 microgram/ml) in the presence of cycloheximide (50 microgram/ml, 4 hr). Both the polyadenylated and the deadenylated interferon mRNA preparations were translated into biologically active human interferon when injected into oocytes of Xenopus laevis. In the oocytes the functional stability of deadenylated interferon mRNA was indistinguishable from that of polyadenylated interferon mRNA.
Convalescent plasma therapy and mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU: a prospective observational study (2021)

We included 120 patients of whom 48 received CVP. Thirty percent were female with a median age of 66 years [25th-75th percentile 54-75]. Eighty-eight percent of patients presented with severe acute respiratory failure as displayed by a median paO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> ratio (Horowitz Index) of 92 [77-150]. All patients required any kind of ventilatory support with more than half of them (52%) receiving invasive ventilation. Thirty-day ICU overall survival (OS) was 69% in the CVP group and 54% in the non-CVP group (log-rank p = 0.049), respectively. After weighing the time-to-event data for the IPTW, the favorable association between CVP and OS became even stronger (log-rank p = 0.035). Moreover, an exploratory analysis showed an overall survival benefit of CVP therapy for patients with non-invasive ventilation (Hazard ratio 0.12 95% CI 0.03-0.57, p = 0.007) CONCLUSION: Administration of CVP in patients with acute respiratory failure related to COVID-19 is associated with improved ICU survival rates.
Dynamic Adsorption-Desorption Characteristics of Ethylene and Propylene in Dry Gas on Activated Carbon (2013)

In order to study the method of separating ethylene and propylene in dry gas by adsorption separation,the dynamic breakthrough experimental device used to investigate the adsorption-desorption characteristics of ethylene and propylene on activated carbon was established.Adsorption isotherms of methane,ethylene,ethane,propylene,propane were determined at temperature from 298K to 333K and total pressure range between 0.2MPa to 1.0 MPa.The adsorption capacities of above components and the separation factor of propylene and ethylene were also obtained.The result indicates that the activated carbon has excellent adsorption selectivity to ethylene and propylene.The method combining with heating and inert gas purging was used to regenerate the activated carbon,and the effects of temperature and flow velocity on regeneration were evaluated.The optimal regeneration was obtained when using hydrogen as purging gas with the velocity of 60 mL·min-1for 35 min at 373 K.It was observed that the adsorption capacity of all components on activated carbon has no significant decrease after several adsorption – regeneration cycles.
Progressive growth and hard defect disposition integrated system for 65nm and 45nm ArF immersion lithography (2007)

In this paper, a defect disposition integrated system for progressive growth and hard defects has been proposed and discussed for 65 nm and 45 nm immersion lithography. Pre-programmed hard defects on mask with minimum defect size of 60 nm are studied. These mask defects are scanned by STARlight inspection with pixel size P90 for mask defect capturing. Aerial Image Measurement System (AIMS) and printed photoresist features are used for modeling. Line, space and hole in both bright and dark field are used for model setup. Printability for these programmed mask defects is determined from process critical dimension (CD) variability. Experimental wafer results on the programmed defect mask are obtained using 193 nm immersion tool with effective NA of 1.2 imaging lens. The resist CDs response to the mask defect area are measured under the different exposure dose or focus. The correlation of AIMS CD, simulated CD and wafer CD for different defect types and sizes to printability is performed. Scan result of progressive growth defects are captured and verification of its printability using AIMS and Automated Mask Defect Disposition (AMDD) from KLATencor is obtained.
Experimental Study of the Wake Behind a Surface-Piercing Cylinder for a Clean and Contaminated Free Surface (1997)

This experimental investigation into the nature of free-surface flows was to study the effects of surfactants on the wake of a surface-piercing cylinder. A better understanding of the process of vorticity generation and conversion at a free surface due to the absence or presence of surfactants has been gained. Surfactants, or surface contaminants, have the tendency to reduce the surface tension proportionally to the respective concentration at the free surface. Thus when surfactant concentration varies across a free surface, surface tension gradients occur and this results in shear stresses, thus altering the boundary condition at the free surface. A low Reynolds number wake behind a surface-piercing cylinder was chosen as the field of study, using digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) to map the velocity and vorticity held for three orthogonal cross-sections of the flow. Reynolds numbers ranged from 350 to 460 and the Froude number was kept below 1.0. In addition, a new technique was used to simultaneously map the free surface deformation. Shadowgraph imaging of the free surface was also used to gain a better understanding of the how. It was found that, depending on the surface condition, the connection of the shedding vortex filaments in the wake of the cylinder was greatly altered with the propensity for surface tension gradients to redirect the vorticity near the free surface to that of the surface-parallel component. This result has an impact on the understanding of turbulent flows in the vicinity of a free surface with varying surface conditions.
Assessment of Detailed Photoreceptor Structure and Retinal Sensitivity in Diabetic Macular Ischemia Using Adaptive Optics-OCT and Microperimetry (2021)

Cone PR morphology and signal density are severely altered in areas of capillary nonperfusion. These structural changes are accompanied by a severe reduction of retinal sensitivity, indicating the importance of preventing impaired capillary circulation in patients with DR.
Analysis of Reactor Fuel Element Solutions: I. Separations and Preparation of Samples for Mass Spectrometry and Alpha Spectrometry. II. Mass Spectrometric Determination of Uranium and Plutonium Concentration and Isotopic Composition. III. Alpha Spectrometric Determination of <sup>238</sup>Pu (1967)

Procedural details are given for the determination of uranium and plutonium isotopic composition and concentration in reactor fuel element solutions.The necessary chemical operations, the mass spectrometric determination of isotopic composition and concentration, and the alpha spectrometric determination of Pu238 are described in a three-part report.
Changes in crystalline morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties with hydrolytic degradation of immiscible biodegradable PPDX/PCL blends (2008)

Abstract Immiscible blends of high molecular weight commercial poly( p ‐dioxanone) (PPDX) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) were prepared by melt mixing in a wide composition range. The materials were exposed to a hydrolysis medium (phosphate buffer kept at a constant pH of 7.2) at 37°C during 36 weeks. The change in weight of the samples as well as their thermal properties, morphology, spherulitic crystallization kinetics, and tensile properties were studied as a function of degradation time. As PCL does not experience weight loss during the entire degradation period explored here, weight loss was indicative of PPDX degradation only. The combined results of calorimetry, spherulitic texture, and spherulite growth kinetics allowed us to establish that the PPDX component in the blends experiences a much faster degradation rate than in neat PPDX. Such increase in degradation rate could be due to the larger surface area of PPDX component when it is dispersed in immiscible PCL. Nevertheless, the presence of PCL in the blends can extend the physical integrity of the samples in the degradation medium as well as their mechanical properties for longer periods of time as compared with neat PPDX. Therefore, the blends may be good candidates for replacing neat PPDX in specific applications requiring longer life time of the material. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Comprehensive Evaluation of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in the Acute Healing Phase Using Tissue Clearing and Optical Microscopy in a Rodent Model (2014)

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI), a common injury in both the civilian and military arenas, is usually associated with high healthcare costs and with patients enduring slow recovery times, diminished quality of life, and potential long-term disability. Patients with PNI typically undergo complex interventions but the factors that govern optimal response are not fully characterized. A fundamental understanding of the cellular and tissue-level events in the immediate postoperative period is essential for improving treatment and optimizing repair. Here, we demonstrate a comprehensive imaging approach to evaluate peripheral nerve axonal regeneration in a rodent PNI model using a tissue clearing method to improve depth penetration while preserving neural architecture. Sciatic nerve transaction and end-to-end repair were performed in both wild type and thy-1 GFP rats. The nerves were harvested at time points after repair before undergoing whole mount immunofluorescence staining and tissue clearing. By increasing the optic depth penetration, tissue clearing allowed the visualization and evaluation of Wallerian degeneration and nerve regrowth throughout entire sciatic nerves with subcellular resolution. The tissue clearing protocol did not affect immunofluorescence labeling and no observable decrease in the fluorescence signal was observed. Large-area, high-resolution tissue volumes could be quantified to provide structural and connectivity information not available from current gold-standard approaches for evaluating axonal regeneration following PNI. The results are suggestive of observed behavioral recovery in vivo after neurorrhaphy, providing a method of evaluating axonal regeneration following repair that can serve as an adjunct to current standard outcomes measurements. This study demonstrates that tissue clearing following whole mount immunofluorescence staining enables the complete visualization and quantitative evaluation of axons throughout nerves in a PNI model. The methods developed in this study could advance PNI research allowing both researchers and clinicians to further understand the individual events of axonal degeneration and regeneration on a multifaceted level.
Lead as a Seismic Energy Dissipator (1995)

Lead has been successfully used in several mechanisms to dissipate the energy associated with earthquake motion. During high strain cyclic deformation at room temperature, lead maintains its mechanical properties due to its tendency to recrystallize, both dynamically and metadynamically. The high strain cyclic deformation characteristics of pure lead were assessed through mechanical tests and microstructural analysis.
Efecto del nivel de concentrado suministrado sobre el consumo de nutrientes y producción de vacas lecheras durante la primera mitad de la lactancia (1982)

Efecto del nivel de concentrado suministrado sobre el consumo de nutrientes y produccion de vacas lecheras durante la primera mitad de la lactancia
Osmium Carbonyl Clusters: A New Class of Apoptosis Inducing Agents (2008)

Osmium carbonyl clusters, especially the cluster [Os(3)(CO)(10)(NCCH(3))(2)], were found to be active against four cancer cell lines, namely, ER+ breast carcinoma (MCF-7), ER- breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231), metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW620), and hepatocarcinoma (Hep G2). The mode of action was studied in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines by a number of morphological and apoptosis assays, all of which pointed to the induction of apoptosis.
Efficacy of Wound Cleansers on Wound-Specific Organisms Using In Vitro and Ex Vivo Biofilm Models (2020)

Results confirm that there are model-dependent differences in the outcomes of these studies, suggesting the importance of model selection for product screening. The results indicate that 1 PHMB-based cleanser was effective in reducing mature P aeruginosa, MRSA, and C albicans biofilms and that sustained antimicrobial presence was necessary to reduce or eliminate these mature biofilms.
Engineering Microorganisms for Energy Production (2006)

JASON was asked by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy to assess the possibilities for using microorganisms to produce fuels as a metabolic product, in particular hydrogen or ethanol. We were asked to consider the prospects for achieving such biogenic fuel production in principle and in practice; and what the requirements and fundamental limitations are for achieving viability.
Dmail: A Globally Authenticated Email Service (2014)

The global public-key authentication infrastructure standardized in the Domain Name System Security Extension (DNSSEC) paves the way for Dmail (DNSSEC-enabled email), a framework that allows secure email address authentication.
Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation, Physico-chemical Properties and Biological Activities of FR252921, FR252922 and FR256523. (2003)

Novel immunosuppressive agents, FR252921, FR252922 and FR256523 were isolated from the cultured broth of a bacterial strain No. 408813. The strain was identified Pseudomonas fluorescens from morphological and physiological characteristics. FR252921, FR252922 and FR256523, novel compounds containing macrolactone ring, showed immunosuppressive activity against murine splenocyte proliferation stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or anti-CD3 mAb in vitro.
The effects of device metal interconnect overlayers on SEE testing (2005)

Technology advances in wafer processing and design, new device requirements and improved modeling necessitate the need for a careful determination of LET at and through the critical silicon region of interest during SEE testing.
L-type Calcium Channel Blockers Enhance Trafficking and Function of Epilepsy-associated α1(D219N) Subunits of GABAA Receptors (2015)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are the primary inhibitory ion channels in the mammalian central nervous system and play an essential role in regulating inhibition-excitation balance in neural circuits. The α1 subunit harboring the D219N mutation of GABAA receptors was reported to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and traffic inefficiently to the plasma membrane, leading to a loss of function of α1(D219N) subunits and thus idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). We present the use of small molecule proteostasis regulators to enhance the forward trafficking of α1(D219N) subunits to restore their function. We showed that treatment with verapamil (4 μM, 24 h), an L-type calcium channel blocker, substantially increases the α1(D219N) subunit cell surface level in both HEK293 cells and neuronal SH-SY5Y cells and remarkably restores the GABA-induced maximal chloride current in HEK293 cells expressing α1(D219N)β2γ2 receptors to a level that is comparable to wild type receptors. Our drug mechanism study revealed that verapamil treatment promotes the ER to Golgi trafficking of the α1(D219N) subunits post-translationally. To achieve that, verapamil treatment enhances the interaction between the α1(D219N) subunit and β2 subunit and prevents the aggregation of the mutant protein by shifting the protein from the detergent-insoluble fractions to detergent-soluble fractions. By combining (35)S pulse-chase labeling and MG-132 inhibition experiments, we demonstrated that verapamil treatment does not inhibit the ER-associated degradation of the α1(D219N) subunit. In addition, its effect does not involve a dynamin-1 dependent endocytosis. To gain further mechanistic insight, we showed that verapamil increases the interaction between the mutant protein and calnexin and calreticulin, two major lectin chaperones in the ER. Moreover, calnexin binding promotes the forward trafficking of the mutant subunit. Taken together, our data indicate that verapamil treatment enhances the calnexin-assisted forward trafficking and subunit assembly, which leads to substantially enhanced functional surface expression of the mutant receptors. Since verapamil is an FDA-approved drug that crosses blood-brain barrier and has been used as an additional medication for some epilepsies, our findings suggest that verapamil holds great promise to be developed to ameliorate IGE resulting from α1(D219N) subunit trafficking deficiency.
Inhibition of Protein Kinase c-Src as a Therapeutic Approach for Cancer and Bone Metastases (2008)

c-Src is a proto-oncogene involved in the genesis of and invasion by many cancers. This non-receptor tyrosine kinase also plays a crucial role in bone homeostasis, since inhibition or deletion of c-Src impairs the function of osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells. It is thus conceivable that c-Src could be a suitable target for the pharmacological treatment of cancers, skeletal metastases and diseases of bone loss, such as osteoporosis. The pyrrolo-pyrimidines CGP77675 and CGP76030 proved to be effective in preventing bone loss in animal models, while the effect of AZD0530, a dually active inhibitor of c-Src and Bcr-ABL, on bone resorption, has been tested in a Phase I clinical trials with promising results. As far as the metastatic bone disease is concerned, c-Src inhibitors could potentially have inhibitory effects both on osteoclasts and on tumour cells, and could disrupt the vicious circle established between these cell types in the bone microenvironment. In accord with this idea, CGP76030 is able to reduce the incidence of osteolytic lesions and of visceral metastases, and to suppress morbidity and lethality in a bone metastasis mouse model without obvious adverse effects. The purine-based c-Src inhibitor AP23451 and the dual c-Src/Abl inhibitors AP22408 and AP23236 proved efficacious in reducing bone metastases in preclinical studies. These results open a new avenue for the development of innovative therapies for the treatment of bone metastatic disease.
Collision Tumor of Adenocarcinoma and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in the Small Bowel (2018)

We report a very rare case of collision tumor composed of primary adenocarcinoma of the jejunum and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The patient was a 63-year-old man who visited our hospital for epigastralgia and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a mass in the upper jejunum, with gastric and duodenal dilatation. Endoscopy of the small bowel showed a circumferential tumor in the upper jejunum, which was diagnosed as primary adenocarcinoma by tissue biopsy. Thereafter, partial resection of the small bowel from the third part of the duodenum over the upper jejunum was performed. A tumor colliding with the primary adenocarcinoma was identified on the serosal side of the jejunum in the excised specimen and was histologically diagnosed as GIST. The annual incidence of primary adenocarcinoma of the small bowel (i.e., jejunum and ileum excluding the duodenum) has been reported to be 7 in 1 million people, and only 6 cases of collision tumor of the small bowel (i.e., duodenum: 5, ileum: 1) have been reported thus far. Although esophageal, gastric, and large intestinal collision tumors composed of primary cancer and GIST have been reported, to our knowledge, the present patient is the first case of the small bowel. The cause of or correlation between 2 tumors forming a collision tumor remains unclear. In the present patient, there was no pathological finding of infiltration between the 2 tumors. Although the collision of the 2 tumors was unclear, the findings indicate their independent development in closely located regions consistent with collision tumors.
Resection in the popliteal fossa for metastatic melanoma (2007)

In case of groin metastases from melanoma of distal lower extremities, clinical and ultrasound examination of ipsilateral popliteal fossa is essential. When metastatic disease is found, radical popliteal dissection is the standard of care. Therefore knowledge of anatomy and surgical technique about popliteal lymphadenectomy are required to make preservation of structures that if injured, can produce a permanent, considerable disability.