gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement Learning with Information-Theoretic Actuation (2021)

Reinforcement Learning formalises an embodied agent's interaction with the environment through observations, rewards and actions. But where do the actions come from? Actions are often considered to represent something external, such as the movement of a limb, a chess piece, or more generally, the output of an actuator. In this work we explore and formalize a contrasting view, namely that actions are best thought of as the output of a sequence of internal choices with respect to an action model. This view is particularly well-suited for leveraging the recent advances in large sequence models as prior knowledge for multi-task reinforcement learning problems. Our main contribution in this work is to show how to augment the standard MDP formalism with a sequential notion of internal action using information-theoretic techniques, and that this leads to self-consistent definitions of both internal and external action value functions.
[Evaluation of myocardial viability in the infarcted areas by the improved myocardial perfusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty]. (1993)

Muscle viability in infarcted areas was evaluated based on the relationship between Tl myocardial scintigraphic findings and improvements in myocardial perfusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in 110 patients with old myocardial infarction (OMI). 1. Myocardial perfusion was improved in 95% of patients with redistribution in infarcted areas before PTCA, but in only 29% of patients without redistribution before PTCA. 2. The %Tl-uptake and the washout rate were significantly improved after PTCA in all patients with redistribution before PTCA with normal to dyskinesia of segmental wall motion. The %Tl-uptake of infarcted area after PTCA was greater than 50% in all patients. 3. The %Tl-uptake and the washout rate were significantly improved after PTCA in patients without redistribution before PTCA. However, the %Tl-uptake was not changed after PTCA in such patients with akinesia or dyskinesia of segmental wall motion. 4. Myocardial perfusion was improved late during prolonged follow-up after PTCA in 40% of patients without restenosis. Stunning of the myocardium is likely in these patients. 5. %Tl-uptake of more over 50% in patients with or without redistribution before PTCA indicates the presence of muscle viability. Muscle viability cannot be expected in the infarcted areas of patients without redistribution showing akinesia or dyskinesia of segmental wall motion. Patients without redistribution before PTCA include cases with underestimated ischemic lesion. The diagnosis of muscle viability by single photon emission computed tomography will be improved by including evaluation of segmental wall motion by echocardiography.
Data flow processor for multi-standard video codec (2002)

In multimedia digital video applications, international standards such as JPEG, MPEG, and H.261 are widely adopted. Many DSP architectures have been proposed to meet requirements on the digital video. In this paper, a static data flow architecture containing nine parallel processors is described. Each processor made with a specialized hardware engine such as DCT and quantizer operates asynchronously and independently on its own data presence. This proposed DSP is fabricated in a 0.8 /spl mu/m triple metal technology with 16/spl times/16 mm/sup 2/ die area over 1.5 million transistors. The peak computing capability over 1 billion operations per second can provide full programmability for any DCT based digital video compression standards.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A8 DIETARY TRYPTOPHAN MODULATES KYNURENINE AND INDOLE PRODUCTION IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS (2021)

Abstract Background Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that is transformed by host and gut microbial enzymes into multiple bioactive metabolites that regulate immunity, mood and circadian rhythms. In particular, indoles, produced by gut bacterial metabolism of tryptophan, have recently gained central attention. Indoles are activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is crucial for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and immunity. Tryptophan supplementation in fortified foods have been advocated to prevent chronic inflammatory conditions, from autism to chronic inflammation. However, whether dietary tryptophan supplementation affects immune function, tryptophan metabolic pathways and gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy subjects, is unknown. Aims To assess whether tryptophan supplementation, in healthy subjects on a low tryptophan diet, induces changes in microbiota-derived metabolites (indoles), host cytokine production or gut symptoms. Methods We performed a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 20 healthy individuals, between 18 and 75 years old, following a regular diet. Subjects were instructed to start a standardized low tryptophan diet and were randomly assigned to a 3-week tryptophan supplement (3gr/day) or placebo. After a 2-week washout period, subjects were crossed over to the opposite 3-week intervention arm. Self-administered questionnaires (GSRS, DASS21 and HADS) were used to assess gastrointestinal symptoms and mood/anxiety/stress. Stool, urine and blood samples were collected to measure tryptophan metabolites (kynurenine pathway and indoles) and cytokines. Results Supplementation of tryptophan was well tolerated and no changes in gastrointestinal symptoms or mood/anxiety were found. Compared with placebo, tryptophan supplementation increased urinary and plasma levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (p= 0.002 and p= 0.02, respectively), a key enzyme in the kynurenine pathway, and of several indoles (p= 0.0008 and p= 0.01, respectively), suggestive of activation of microbial and host metabolic pathways. However, there were no measurable changes in the host cytokine production. There was a positive correlation between fecal kynurenine levels and anxiety and depression scores, suggesting that microbial metabolites may impact host behavior in humans. Conclusions Dietary tryptophan supplementation in healthy individuals was safe and had a measurable effect on microbial and host metabolism, mainly kynurenine and indole pathways, with known immunomodulatory properties. Although no effects on cytokine production were found, further studies are warranted to investigate tryptophan supplementation in disorders with altered AhR pathway, such as inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome and celiac disease. Funding Agencies None
Comparison of atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of second-phase particles (2001)

Abstract It has been explored whether and to what extent atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to determine the size and the volume fraction f of fine (diameter far below 1 μm) second-phase particles. A Cu-0.65at.% Au solid solution strengthened by spherical incoherent SiO2 particles served as a model system; their average radius r was 50 nm. The procedures for correcting the atomic force micrographs for the finite dimensions of the atomic force microscope tip are detailed. So far the error limits in the AFM determination of f and r exceed those which can be reached by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). AFM yields detailed information on those particles which intersect the surfaces of thin TEM foils. This information is indispensable for the evaluation of TEM images but can only be obtained by AFM or with lower accuracy by replica techniques and scanning electron microscopy.
Management of Pink Spot due to Class IV Invasive Cervical Root Resorption using Vital Pulp Therapy: A Case Report. (2023)

A 30-year-old male patient with the chief complaint of pink spot discoloration of the tooth crown in his upper left central incisor was referred for endodontic and esthetic management. After thorough clinical and radiographic examinations, the final diagnosis was class IV invasive cervical resorption (ICR) which was conservatively treated with an orthograde approach; <i>i.e</i>. vital pulp therapy with calcium-enriched mixture cement (VPT/CEM). The use of VPT/CEM was successful to restore esthetics and stop the ICR; confirmed clinically, radiographically, and tomographically at one-year recall. The above-mentioned minimally invasive approach reported in the current case study may be considered a practical treatment modality for ICR, specifically in anterior teeth.
An optimal multi-user, multi-service algorithm for Dynamic Spectrum Management in DSL (2008)

Crosstalk between neighbouring lines is the major limiting factor in the performance of modern DSL systems. Dynamic spectrum management (DSM) techniques have been proposed to mitigate the effects of crosstalk. Many of these techniques address the problem from a multi-user perspective, considering crosstalk effects during bit-loading. Previous work has considered the case where each DSL line carries one constant bit-error-rate (BER) service. However, to date the multi-user, multi-QoS scenario has not been considered. This work considers the case where each line may carry more than one service with different BERs. Reducing the BER requirements for a given service reduces the power requirements and thus reduces crosstalk, improving the performance of all users in the binder group. The optimal approach for the two service case is derived and simulation results are presented.
The MagicBookMoving Seamlessly between Reality and Virtuality (2001)

The MagicBook project is an early attempt to explore how we can use a physical object to smoothly transport users between reality and virtuality. Young children often fantasize about flying into th...
Orthomode transducers with a common circular waveguide (2007)

An efficient electrodynamic model and an optimization procedure for orthomode transducers based on a circular waveguide and step transitions in rectangular input arms is developed. The physical factors limiting the operating bandwidths of these transducers are determined. The effect of the number of sections in the step transitions on the characteristics of single-band transducers are investigated.
Leakage-Abuse Attacks Against Searchable Encryption (2015)

Schemes for secure outsourcing of client data with search capability are being increasingly marketed and deployed. In the literature, schemes for accomplishing this efficiently are called Searchable Encryption (SE). They achieve high efficiency with provable security by means of a quantifiable leakage profile. However, the degree to which SE leakage can be exploited by an adversary is not well understood.
Supervised-CityProphet (2020)

Forecasting anomalies in urban areas is of great importance for the safety of people. In this paper, we propose Supervised-CityProphet (SCP), an anomaly score matching-based method towards accurate prediction of anomalous crowds. We re-formulate CityProphet as a regression model via data source association with mobility logs and transit search logs to leverage user's schedules and the actual number of visitors. We evaluate Supervised-CityProphet using the datasets of real mobility and transit search logs. Experimental results show that Supervised-CityProphet can predict anomalous crowds 1 week in advance more accurately than baselines.
The Novel Roles of Dusp6 in Gut Barrier Modulation and Microbiome Shaping in a Mouse Colitis Model (2022)

Abstract Gut microbiota dysbiosis and barrier integrity are important contributors to overall health and many diseases. Our study demonstrated that dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (Dusp6)-depletion is a novel modulator that enhances baseline gut barrier integrity. We found that Dusp6-knockout mice were more resistant to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and had enhanced intrinsic colonic tight-junctions and elongated microvilli before exposure to DSS. Our FMT in germ-free mice and co-housing experiments found that the Dusp6-knockout-derived gut microbiota contribute substantially to colitis resistance in mice. Further gut microbiome analysis showed that Dusp6-knockout mice harbored fewer pathobiont facultative anaerobes and more obligate anaerobes than wild-type mice after DSS treatment. Through multi-omics analysis, we found that epithelial barrier integrity and hypoxic and oxygen homeostasis regulation related pathways were more enriched in DUSP6-depleted Caco-2 cells and with a cultivation-based approach, we reported 11 new mouse gut microbiome members. Finally using microbe-phenotype triangulation and mono-colonization of germ-free mice, we found that the newly discovered Duncaniella species contributed to the colitis protection. In sum, identifying functioning gut microbiota members that shape host physiology and disease susceptibility will be vital to the advance of microbiota-based therapeutics. This work was supported by the following grants: IM-108-PP-04 from NHRI and 106-2628-B-400-001-MY3, 106-2923-B-400-001-MY3, 108-2321-B-400-011-, 109-2327-B-400-001-, 109-2320-B-400-008-MY3, 110-2327-B-400-005- from MOST.
Physical cyber social computing for human experience (2013)

Computing has a critical role in solving some of the grand challenges spanning health and wellbeing, sustainability, and prevention of crime. Traditionally, computing has focused on a single narrow view of the problem to provide solutions ignoring the essential human experience component. The availability of low-cost sensors and mobile devices leading to simultaneous and continuous access to events spanning physical, cyber, and social worlds demands rethinking of the traditional computational approaches. We propose Physical-Cyber-Social (PCS) computing, that takes a human centric and holistic view of computing by analyzing observations, knowledge, and experiences from physical, cyber, and social worlds. We exemplify real-world problems that demands the approach of PCS computing and outline the research challenges in building algorithms and techniques for PCS computing.
Abstract 5388: Methionine S-adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) inhibitors for cancer treatment (2015)

Abstract Methionine S-adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) is the catalytic subunit for synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the principal methyl donor in many biological processes. MAT2A is up-regulated in many cancers, including liver cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC) and is a potentially important drug target. In normal liver, methionine S-adenosyltransferase 1 (MAT1), but not MAT2A is expressed. MAT2A is induced in liver cancer. We developed a family of fluorinated N,N-dialkylaminostilbene agents, called FIDAS agents, that inhibit the proliferation of CRC cells and liver cells in vitro and in vivo. Using a biotinylated FIDAS analog, we identified the catalytic subunit of MAT2A as the direct and exclusive binding target of these FIDAS agents. FIDAS agents do not bind MAT1A. MAT2B, an associated regulatory subunit of MAT2A, binds indirectly to FIDAS agents through its association with MAT2A. FIDAS agents inhibited MAT2A activity in SAM synthesis, and depletion of MAT2A by shRNAs inhibited CRC and liver cancer cell growth. FIDAS agents also inhibited specific histone methylation and repressed transcription of c-myc and other oncogenes. FIDAS agents delivered orally repressed CRC xenografts in athymic nude mice. Based on SAR and docking studies, new generations of FIDAS agents were synthesized and tested. An active in vivo metabolite of FIDAS was identified. PK/PD studies were performed. Our findings suggest that FIDAS analogs targeting MAT2A represent a family of novel and potentially useful agents for cancer treatment. Citation Format: Wen Zhang, Vitaliy Sviripa, David Watt, Chunming Liu. Methionine S-adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) inhibitors for cancer treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5388. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5388
Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Analyses Using Comparative Molecular Field Analysis and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis To Elucidate Selectivity Differences of Inhibitors Binding to Trypsin, Thrombin, and Factor Xa (1999)

Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D QSAR) methods were applied using a training set of 72 inhibitors of the benzamidine type with respect to their binding affinities (Ki values) toward thrombin, trypsin, and factor Xa to yield statistically reliable models of good predictive power. Two methods were compared: the widely used comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and the recently reported CoMSIA approach (comparative molecular similarity indices analysis). CoMSIA produced significantly better results for all correlations. Furthermore, in contrast to CoMFA, CoMSIA is not sensitive to changes in orientation of the superimposed molecules in the lattice. The correlation results obtained by CoMSIA were graphically interpreted in terms of field contribution maps allowing physicochemical properties relevant for binding to be easily mapped back onto molecular structures. The advantage of this feature is demonstrated using the maps to design new molecules. Finally, the CoMSIA method was applied to elucidate structural features among ligands which are responsible for affinity differences toward thrombin and trypsin. These selectivity-determining features were interpreted graphically in terms of spatial regions responsible for affinity discrimination. Such indicators are highly informative for the lead optimization process with respect to selectivity enhancement.
Allograft Rejection by Primed/Memory CD8+ T Cells Is CD154 Blockade Resistant: Therapeutic Implications for Sensitized Transplant Recipients (2002)

We have shown that CD8(+) CTLs are the key mediators of accelerated rejection, and that CD8(+) T cells represent the prime targets of CD154 blockade in sensitized mouse recipients of cardiac allografts. However, the current protocols require CD154 blockade at the time of sensitization, whereas delayed treatment fails to affect graft rejection in sensitized recipients. To elucidate the mechanisms of costimulation blockade-resistant rejection and to improve the efficacy of CD154-targeted therapy, we found that alloreactive CD8(+) T cells were activated despite the CD154 blockade in sensitized hosts. Comparative CD8 T cell activation study in naive vs primed hosts has shown that although both naive and primed/memory CD8(+) T cells relied on the CD28 costimulation for their activation, only naive, not primed/memory, CD8(+) T cells depend on CD154 signaling to differentiate into CTL effector cells. Adjunctive therapy was designed accordingly to deplete primed/memory CD8(+) T cells before the CD154 blockade. Indeed, unlike anti-CD154 monotherapy, transient depletion of CD8(+) T cells around the time of cardiac engraftment significantly improved the efficacy of delayed CD154 blockade in sensitized hosts. Hence, this report provides evidence for 1) differential requirement of CD154 costimulation signals for naive vs primed/memory CD8(+) T cells, and 2) successful treatment of clinically relevant sensitized recipients to achieve stable long term graft acceptance.
Diel Biogeochemical Cycling in a Hyperventilating Shallow (2000)

A diel biogeochemical study was performed to assess the influence that periods of elevated biological activity have on the biogeochemical cycling of macronutrients and redox-sensitive elements in a natural estuarine envi- ronment. High-resolution data (15 min sampling) illustrates periodic extreme variations in dissolved oxygen (DO) in the shallow waters of Azevedo Pond, Elkhorn Slough, California. During periods of low tidal flushing, DO values can range from highly oxic (> 560 ,uM 02: > 250% saturation) during sunny days to suboxic conditions (< 5 i,M) at night. Nutrient cycling and redox-sensitive trace element biogeochemistry were evaluated in response to the extreme daily DO fluctua- tions. A diel sampling study was conducted over a 26-h period, where O2 concentrations ranged from 346 ,LM to sustained non-detectable levels in the night hours. In concert with the DO fluctuations, diel phosphate cycling was on the order of 4 ,uM in response to tidal flushing events and biological assimilation and regeneration. The 103/I- redox couple quickly responded to suboxic conditions in the water column by a marked increase in I concentrations and correspond- ing depletion of 103 . The extreme fluctuations of the pe in the water column resulted in diel dissolved Mn2+ variations of nearly 5 ,iM, with observed dissolved Mn removal rates on the order of 1 uiM h- . The elevated biogeochemical cycling of oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, iodine, manganese, and iron found in this shallow estuarine environment suggest that tidal restrictions and anthropogenic nutrient enrichments can amplify diel variations and potentially hinder the functional and ecological stability of these systems. These data suggest that accurate chemical monitoring of the health of an estuarine ecosystem must account for the diel variability inherent in these highly productive environments.
Synthesis of Naphthoxazinones in a One-Pot Two-Step Manner by the Application of Propylphosphonic Anhydride (T3P®) (2020)

A sequential one-pot two-step protocol has been elaborated for the synthesis of naphthoxazinones from 2-naphthol, methyl carbamate, and aromatic aldehydes. First, a three-component reaction was optimized with the dehydrating additive propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P®), resulting in 1-carbamatoalkyl 2-naphthols in good to excellent yields. Following the successful multicomponent approach, intramolecular acylation was performed at high temperature, again with the contribution of T3P®, resulting in naphthoxazinone derivatives in moderate yields. These two steps were optimized together in one-pot as well, and the sequential rise in the requisite temperature eventuated the optimal procedure for the multistep cascade.
Troubles alimentaires ressentis par des adultes infectés par le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) (2000)

avec le Groupe d'Etude COTRIMO-CI
Vapor phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime over a novel tantalum pillared-ilerite (2000)

The vapor phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime has been studied using a novel tantalum pillared-ilerite as catalyst: the cyclohexanone oxime conversion rate reaches 97.1% and the selectivity for ε-caprolactam is up to 89.1% at 350 °C.
Risk of and duration of protection from SARS-CoV-2 reinfection assessed with real-world data (2023)

This retrospective observational study aimed to gain a better understanding of the protective duration of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection against reinfection. The objectives were two-fold: to assess the durability of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among initially unvaccinated individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to evaluate the crude SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate and associated risk factors. During the pandemic era time period from February 29, 2020, through April 30, 2021, 144,678,382 individuals with SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostic or antibody test results were studied. Rates of reinfection among index-positive individuals were compared to rates of infection among index-negative individuals. Factors associated with reinfection were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. For both objectives, the outcome was a subsequent positive molecular diagnostic test result. Consistent with prior findings, the risk of reinfection among index-positive individuals was 87% lower than the risk of infection among index-negative individuals. The duration of protection against reinfection was stable over the median 5 months and up to 1-year follow-up interval. Factors associated with an increased reinfection risk included older age, comorbid immunologic conditions, and living in congregate care settings; healthcare workers had a decreased reinfection risk. This large US population-based study suggests that infection induced immunity is durable for variants circulating pre-Delta predominance.