gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Turkish seaweeds for antiprotozoal, antimycobacterial and cytotoxic activities (2010)

As part of our continuing research on seaweeds, crude MeOH extracts of two green, three brown and six red algae collected from Marmara, Black, Aegean and Mediterranean Seas were screened. Four parasitic protozoa, i.e. Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi, Leishmania donovani and the tubercle bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis were used as test organisms for the in vitro assays. The selective toxicity of the extracts was also determined against mammalian L6 cells. All seaweed extracts were active against T. brucei rhodesiense; the Dasya pedicellata extract was the most potent (IC(50) value 0.37 µg/mL). The same extract also weakly inhibited the growth of T. cruzi (IC(50) 62.02 µg/mL). All seaweed extracts also showed leishmanicidal activity (IC(50) values 16.76-69.98 µg/mL). The majority of the extracts also exhibited antiplasmodial potential and the most potent extracts were those from D. pedicellata (IC(50) 0.38 µg/mL), Codium bursa (IC(50) 1.38 µg/mL) and Caulerpa rasemosa (IC(50) 3.12 µg/mL). One brown and two red algal extracts showed some weak activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC values 125-256 µg/mL). Except for the extract of Dasya pedicellata, none of the extracts displayed any cytotoxicity. This is the second study investigating the antiprotozoal activities of Turkish marine algae and identifies Dasya pedicellata, an understudied algal species, as a candidate for further studies.
DISC1 duplication in two brothers with autism and mild mental retardation (2009)

We describe the identification and delineation of an inherited 2.07 Mb microduplication in 1q42.2 in two brothers with autism and mild mental retardation. Since this duplication was not present in 1577 Belgian persons, we consider this as an extremely rare variant which has the potential to provide further insight into the genetics of autism. The duplication contains seven genes including the DISC1 gene, an interesting candidate gene that has been associated to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism and Asperger syndrome. In this report we describe additional analyses undertaken to investigate the causal relationship of the duplication to the autism phenotype. We conclude that the 1q42.2 microduplication probably confers susceptibility to autism in the current family. This study is a typical illustration of the difficult interpretation of causality of a very rare variant in neuropsychiatric disease and the challenge of genetic counselling in a particular family.
Structural and functional landscape of α-synuclein fibril conformations amplified from cerebrospinal fluid (2022)

Abstract Lewy body dementias are pathologically defined by the deposition of α-synuclein fibrils into inclusions throughout the brain. Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) in disease harbors circulating α-synuclein-fibril seeds, and parental α-synuclein fibrils can template core structure into amplified fibrils. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we identify six novel α-synuclein fibril assemblies amplified from ten CSF samples (3.8Å to 2.9Å nominal resolutions). Fibrils are classified based on two types of filament interaction, two types of β-sheet stacking, and two types of hydrophobic pocket. CSF-amplified fibril products have one, two, or three distinct assemblies each. Six of ten samples share a common fibril assembly. Within this classification, the fibrils have distinct profiles in amyloid dye binding, and dramatically different potencies in both seeding new inclusions in neurons and evoked microglial pro-inflammatory responses. However, no single structural feature predicts functional phenotypes. Our results highlight CSF as a valuable resource to identify novel α-synuclein assemblies potentially important in disease.
Perfusion MR Imaging with FAIR True FISP Spin Labeling in Patients with and without Renal Artery Stenosis: Initial Experience (2006)

The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate an arterial spin-labeling technique, flow-sensitive alternating inversion-recovery (FAIR) true fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP), for noninvasive quantification of renal perfusion in patients without a history of renal artery stenosis (RAS) and in patients with proved RAS. The study was approved by the local ethics committee, and all participants provided written informed consent. Six patients with hypertension but no history of renal artery disease and 12 patients with RAS underwent FAIR true FISP magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in a whole-body 1.5-T unit. RAS grade and scintigraphic perfusion data served as the reference standards. On the FAIR true FISP perfusion images, severe RAS (>70% luminal narrowing) could be clearly distinguished from no or mild RAS and moderate RAS (< or =70% luminal narrowing) (P < .005). Significant correlations between FAIR perfusion data and stenosis grade (r = -0.76) and between FAIR and single photon emission computed tomographic perfusion values (r = 0.83) were observed. FAIR true FISP was found to be suitable for quantitative perfusion imaging of the kidneys in patients with RAS.
Differential tolerance of hydroxylamine by an Alcaligenes sp., a heterotrophic nitrifier, and by Nitrobacter agilis (1982)

An Alcaligenes sp. isolated from soil and shown to be an active heterotrophic nitrifier was found to be highly tolerant of hydroxylamine. Growth of this organism occurred in medium containing as much as 235 mg NH 2 OH-N∙L −1 . Joint culturing of the Alcaligenes sp. and Nitrobacter agilis in medium containing 18 mg NH 2 OH-N∙L −1 resulted in the eventual synthesis of nitrite and nitrate. However, N. agilis cultured separately in the presence of hydroxylamine at concentrations as low as 5 mg NH 2 OH-N∙L −1 was subsequently unable to convert nitrite to nitrate.
A Dual-Phase Output 4-Leg Inverter with Active Decoupling and Integrated Power Optimizer for Off-Grid Applications (2018)

This paper presents an active decoupling technique for a dual phase output inverter with an integrated power optimizer for off-grid applications. The proposed method employs a half bridge with passive elements (L-C) to balance the output and actively compensate for twice the frequency power ripple in the dc-link, The closed loop control adjusts for varying load conditions. Further, an integrated power optimizer (PO) provides interface of solar-pv and battery to the dc-link, The PO stage (half bridge) is controlled such that maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is achieved for the connected pv-array and independent charge/discharge functions of the battery. Simulation and experimental results verify the performance of the proposed technique under balanced, unbalanced load, non-linear conditions as well as fault condition.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression in Anal Canal Carcinoma (2005)

Most anal canal carcinomas (ACCs) are squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). SCCs in other tumor sites strongly express epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs), the inhibition of which might result in favorable changes in tumor growth. A review of the published scientific literature reveals no information regarding the expression of EGFR in ACCs. Therefore, we obtained archived pathology samples from ACC biopsies and examined the frequency and level of expression of EGFR and other cell surface and cell cycle markers. The 21 samples studied universally and strongly expressed EGFR and were negative for HER-2. Clinical studies of EGFR inhibitors in advanced ACC are warranted.
Malate synthase gene expression during fruit ripening of Cavendish banana (Musa acuminata cv. Williams) (2003)

Malate synthase (MS) is a key enzyme responsible for malic acid synthesis in the glyoxylate cycle, which functions to convert stored lipids to carbohydrates, by catalysing the glyoxylate condensation reaction with acetyl-CoA in the peroxisome. In this study, the cloning of an MS cDNA, designated MaMS-1, from the banana fruit is reported. MaMS-1 was 1801 bp in length encoding a single polypeptide of 556 amino acid residues. Sequence analysis revealed that MaMS-1 possessed the conserved catalytic domain and a putative peroxisomal targeting signal SK(I/L) at the carboxyl terminal. MaMS-1 also shared an extensive sequence homology (79-81.3%) with other plant MS homologues. Southern analysis indicated that MS might be present as multiple members in the banana genome. In Northern analysis, MaMS-1 was expressed specifically in ripening fruit tissue and transcripts were not detected in other organs such as roots, pseudostem, leaves, ovary, male flower, and in fruit at different stages of development. However, the transcript abundance in fruit was affected by stage of ripening, during which transcript was barely detectable at the early stage of ripening (FG and TY), but the level increased markedly in MG and in other fruits at advanced ripening stages. Furthermore, MaMS-1 expression in FG fruit could be stimulated by treatment with 1 microl l(-1) exogenous ethylene, but the stimulatory effect was abolished by the application of an ethylene inhibitor, norbornadiene. Results of this study clearly show that MS expression in banana fruit is temporally regulated during ripening and is ethylene-inducible.
Effects of 31 Kilodalton Bovine Inhibin on Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone in Rat Pituitary Cellsin Vitro: Actions under Basal Conditions* (1988)

The effects of purified 31 kilodalton (kDa) bovine inhibin on the basal release and cell contents of FSH and LH in pituitary cells from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats have been investigated for periods up to 28 days in tissue culture. A constant rate of basal FSH release (1.90 +/- 0.24 ng/10(6) cells.h) was observed during the first 10 days of culture and this release was blocked by inhibin in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 0.16 U/ml, IC100 greater than 2.5 U/ml). The constant basal LH release between days 2 and 12 of culture (0.15 +/- 0.02 ng/10(6) cells.h) was also blocked by inhibin in a concentration-dependent manner to a minimum of 25% of control (IC50 = 0.66 U/ml, ICmax greater than 6 U/ml). FSH and LH cell contents decreased exponentially in the presence and absence of inhibin over the first 20 days of culture permitting the calculation of decay half-times (t1/2). Inhibin reduced the FSH cell content t1/2 from 5.0 to 1.8 days and the LH cell content t1/2 from 5.8 to 3.6 days (IC50 = 0.81-0.83 U/ml, ICmax greater than 6 U/ml for both FSH and LH). The sum of the FSH released and FSH cell content (i.e. total FSH) increased with time in culture and this increase was blocked by inhibin. In contrast, total LH decreased with time in all cultures. The data suggest that in pituitary cells separated from hypothalamic and gonadal inputs 1) inhibin primarily suppresses tonic FSH synthesis coupled to its basal release; 2) at higher concentrations inhibin partially suppresses basal LH release and promotes intracellular degradation of FSH and LH. Thus, based on differences in sensitivity, inhibin acts at two or more sites, one associated with FSH tonic synthesis-basal release and the other(s) with FSH/LH mobilization and/or degradation.
Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans subsp. nov., Isolated from the External Auditory Meatus of Dogs with External Ear Otitis (1990)

A new subspecies, Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans, was isolated from the external auditory meatus of dogs suffering from external ear otitis and is described on the basis of studies of 21 strains. Phenotypic studies showed that these strains are more closely related to Staphylococcus intermedius than to other staphylococci, but DNA hybridization studies indicated that they are closely related to Staphylococcus schleiferi N850274T. On the basis of biochemical distinctiveness (positive test tube coagulase test and different carbohydrate reactions) and the etiological importance (frequent isolation from otitis specimens from dogs) of these strains, we propose to classify them as a subspecies of S. schleiferi. The strains of this new subspecies are coagulase tube test, beta-hemolysin, and heat-stable nuclease positive but clumping factor negative. A simple scheme for the differentiation of S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans from the other coagulase-positive staphylococci is presented. The type strain is GA211 (= JCM 7470).
Phase de développement d un système de contrôle pour véhicule hybride triple énergies :Phase II (2003)

National audience
Expression of the Biofilm-Associated Protein Interferes with Host Protein Receptors of Staphylococcus aureus and Alters the Infective Process (2002)

The adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to soluble proteins and extracellular-matrix components of the host is one of the key steps in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections. S. aureus presents a family of adhesins called MSCRAMMs (microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules) that specifically recognize host matrix components. We examined the influence of biofilm-associated protein (Bap) expression on S. aureus adherence to host proteins, epithelial cell cultures, and mammary gland sections and on colonization of the mammary gland in an in vivo infection model. Bap-positive strain V329 showed lower adherence to immobilized fibrinogen and fibronectin than isogenic Bap-deficient strain m556. Bacterial adherence to histological sections of mammary gland and bacterial internalization into 293 cells were significantly lower in the Bap-positive strains. In addition, the Bap-negative strain showed significantly higher colonization in vivo of sheep mammary glands than the Bap-positive strain. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the expression of the Bap protein interferes with functional properties of the MSCRAMM proteins, preventing initial bacterial attachment to host tissues and cellular internalization.
Looking to the future (2008)

Denmark strengthens its students' knowledge of nanoscience.
ETHYLCARBODIIMIDE AS AN AGENT FOR INDUCTION OF SPECIFIC TRANSPLANT TOLERANCE (1994)

Microbiology-Immunology Department, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
Investigations on myelination in vitro. Regulation by thyroid hormone in cultures of dissociated brain cells from embryonic mice. (1979)

Cultures of dissociated brain cells from embryonic mice were used to study the influence of thyroid hormone on myelination in vitro. Synthesis of myelin-associated lipids such as cerebrosides and sulfatides was used as an index for myelination. An experimental design, in which the cells were grown on medium containing serum from a thyroidectomized calf, was employed to demonstrate the direct effect of L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3Y on the biosynthesis of myelin lipids. The cells grown in the presence of hypothyroid calf serum which contained very low levels of thyroid hormones (T4 (thyroxine), 1.2 microgram/ml; T3, less than 25 ng/100 ml) compared to normal serum (T4, 5.8 microgram/ml; T3, 110 ng/100 ml) showed a diminished synthesis of myelin-associated glycolipids. This reduced activity could be restored to normal by including T3 (13 ng/ml) in the medium.
Driver Variability Influences on Real World Emissions at a Road Junction using a PEMS (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A Euro 2 SI (Spark Ignition) Mondeo was investigated for a fully warmed-up vehicle on a simple urban driving loop. Emissions were monitored using an on-board Horiba OBS (On-Board emission measurement System) 1300. 10 laps of a 0.6 km loop were driven by each driver and this involved 4 junctions per lap. Statistical analysis of 20 drivers was made over 27 repeat junction events for each driver. The statistical analysis of the data showed that for all drivers the CO₂, speed and throttle position were more typical Gaussian in their distribution. NOx and CO on the other hand were lognormal in their distribution. Acceleration, positive and negative throttle jerks (rate of change of throttle angle) were borderline Gaussian. HC (Hydrocarbon) emissions were not Gaussian and there was some evidence for a gamma distribution and for a lognormal distribution. Comparison of mean HC emissions between the drivers was therefore not reliable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The variation in mean speed between the drivers was small from 24-32 km/hr, but there was a much greater variation in mean acceleration rates from 0.4 - 1.2 m/s2. There was also a wide variation in average throttle position from 2.5 - 10.3% and an even greater variation in throttle positive jerk, from 5-22%/s. These different driving modes for the same road event resulted in major differences in emissions. CO₂ varied from 235 - 339 g/km for the 20 drivers with CO varying from 0.27 to 10.7 g/km, HC from 0.06 to 0.2 g/km and NOx from 0.27 to 0.8 g/km. There were even larger variations between drivers if the worst case emissions were compared for all the drivers. These results show that driver behavior has a major impact on real-world emissions and indicate that the potential of using electronic control throttle (ETC) to control acceleration and deceleration events could have a major impact on reducing real-world emissions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Geopositional accuracy evaluation of QuickBird ortho-ready standard 2A multispectral imagery (2004)

The NGA has initiated a program to evaluate high resolution commercial sensors developed by Space Imaging, DigitalGlobe, Orbimage and others. Recent evaluations have involved QuickBird panchromatic products including the Basic 1B, Ortho-Ready Standard 2A, orthorectified, and Basic Stereo Pair products. This paper presents the results of an additional geo-positional accuracy evaluation of multispectral QuickBird Ortho-Ready Standard 2A images. These products were compared to a globally distributed set of Ground Control Points (GCPs), and the calculated geo-positional accuracy was compared to the published QuickBird specifications and to the panchromatic Ortho-Ready Standard 2A product. The results of the panchromatic and multispectral bands are compared, and the band-to-band registration of the multispectral arrays is evaluated.
B21-O-13Metal silicide epilayers self-organized at grain boundaries in silicon (2015)

Crystalline materials with grain boundaries (GBs), involving excess free energy because of their structural imperfection, can reduce their energy by the nanoscopic structural changes of the GBs via impurity segregation. Those local changes can stabilize nonequilibrium nanostructures, resulting in the drastic change in the macroscopic physical properties. In the present work, we found coherent precipitation of copper (Cu) along small-angle tilt boundaries (SATBs) in silicon (Si), and clarified the nanoscopic precipitation mechanism using scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography combined with ab-initio calculations [ 1 ]. Our finding might provide a guidance to control metal precipitates at GBs in Si, which would help to fabricate cost-effective functional metal silicides such as ferromagnetic epilayers for generating pure spin current and spin transport at room temperature in Si. The Cu precipitation process is explained in terms of the balance of the precipitation and interface energies for the precipitates as well as the strain energy due to lattice mismatch and edge dislocations composing SATBs. At the initial stage of the precipitation, Cu atoms agglomerate along SATBs forming coherent layers of Cu3Si with a body-centered cubic structure in a metastable state (a = 0.285 nm). As the layers thicken, they become semi-coherent layers with misfit dislocations on the interphase boundaries so as to reduce coherency strains. However, as Cu atoms agglomerate further, the metastable layers converted into incoherent polyhedrons of orthorhombic η”-Cu 3 Si in the equilibrium state, forming interphase boundaries off the SATBs. Based on the coherent precipitation mechanism, other metallic impurities such as iron and cobalt might precipitate at SATBs, forming Heusler-alloy M 3 Si epilayers, at the initial precipitation stage.
Polarization Squeezing with Cold Atoms (2003)

We study the interaction of a nearly resonant linearly polarized laser beam with a cloud of cold cesium atoms in a high finesse optical cavity. We show theoretically and experimentally that the cross-Kerr effect due to the saturation of the optical transition produces quadrature squeezing on both the mean field and the orthogonally polarized vacuum mode. An interpretation of this vacuum squeezing as polarization squeezing is given and a method for measuring quantum Stokes parameters for weak beams via a local oscillator is developed.
Electroresponsive Homogeneous Polyelectrolyte Complex Hydrogels from Naturally Derived Polysaccharides (2018)

Homogeneous polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) hydrogels made from chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose were prepared in the LiOH/KOH/urea aqueous system through a freeze–thawing method. Following the treatments of sequential chemical and physical cross-linking, the resulting hydrogels with supertough mechanical strength can operate as fast response actuators under electrical stimulus in salt aqueous solutions. The electromechanical behaviors of the hydrogels are strongly dependent on experimental parameters such as electric voltage, solvent constituents, pH, and ionic strength. It is proposed that the electromechanical deformation of hydrogel originates from a dynamic osmotic equilibrium effect taking place at the interface between the hydrogel and the surrounding medium, which is induced by the migration of ions throughout the gel network. In addition, programmable 3D shape transformations were obtained by using the PEC hydrogel with designed 2D geometric patterns. Moreover, the bending actuation behavior of the PEC hydrogel can propel an adjacent object to move forward. These hydrogels are expected to be used as underwater actuators for soft robotics and other smart biomimetic systems.
EBV Latent Membrane Protein 1 Is a Negative Regulator of TLR9 (2010)

EBV infects most of the human population and is associated with a number of human diseases including cancers. Moreover, evasion of the immune system and chronic infection is an essential step for EBV-associated diseases. In this paper, we show that EBV can alter the regulation and expression of TLRs, the key effector molecules of the innate immune response. EBV infection of human primary B cells resulted in the inhibition of TLR9 functionality. Stimulation of TLR9 on primary B cells led to the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IgG, which was inhibited in cells infected with EBV. The virus exerts its inhibitory function by decreasing TLR9 mRNA and protein levels. This event was observed at early time points after EBV infection of primary cells, as well as in an immortalized lymphoblastoid cell line. We determined that the EBV oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is a strong inhibitor of TLR9 transcription. Overexpression of LMP1 in B cells reduced TLR9 promoter activity, mRNA, and protein levels. LMP1 mutants altered in activating the NF-κB pathway prevented TLR9 promoter deregulation. Blocking the NF-κB pathway recovered TLR9 promoter activity. Mutating the NF-κB cis element on the TLR9 promoter restored luciferase transcription in the presence of LMP1. Finally, deletion of the LMP1 gene in the EBV genome abolished the ability of the virus to induce TLR9 downregulation. Our study describes a mechanism used by EBV to suppress the host immune response by deregulating the TLR9 transcript through LMP1-mediated NF-κB activation.