gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composable, distributed-state models for high-dimensional time series (2009)

In this thesis we develop a class of nonlinear generative models for high-dimensional time series. The first key property of these models is their distributed, or "componential" latent state, which is characterized by binary stochastic variables which interact to explain the data. The second key property is the use of an undirected graphical model to represent the relationship between latent state (features) and observations. The final key property is composability: the proposed class of models can form the building blocks of deep networks by successively training each model on the features extracted by the previous one.\n\nWe first propose a model based on the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) that uses an undirected model with binary latent variables and real-valued "visible" variables. The latent and visible variables at each time step receive directed connections from the visible variables at the last few time-steps. This "conditional" RBM (CRBM) makes on-line inference efficient and allows us to use a simple approximate learning procedure. We demonstrate the power of our approach by synthesizing various motion sequences and by performing on-line filling in of data lost during motion capture. We also explore CRBMs as priors in the context of Bayesian filtering applied to multi-view and monocular 3D person tracking.\n\nWe extend the CRBM in a way that preserves its most important computational properties and introduces multiplicative three-way interactions that allow the effective interaction weight between two variables to be modulated by the dynamic state of a third variable. We introduce a factoring of the implied three-way weight tensor to permit a more compact parameterization. The resulting model can capture diverse styles of motion with a single set of parameters, and the three-way interactions greatly improve its ability to blend motion styles or to transition smoothly among them.\n\nIn separate but related work, we revisit Products of Hidden Markov Models (PoHMMs). We show how the partition function can be estimated reliably via Annealed Importance Sampling. This enables us to demonstrate that PoHMMs outperform various flavours of HMMs on a variety of tasks and metrics, including log likelihood.
The Role of PPARs in Cancer (2008)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. PPARalpha is mainly expressed in the liver, where it activates fatty acid catabolism. PPARalpha activators have been used to treat dyslipidemia, causing a reduction in plasma triglyceride and elevation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. PPARdelta is expressed ubiquitously and is implicated in fatty acid oxidation and keratinocyte differentiation. PPARdelta activators have been proposed for the treatment of metabolic disease. PPARgamma2 is expressed exclusively in adipose tissue and plays a pivotal role in adipocyte differentiation. PPARgamma is involved in glucose metabolism through the improvement of insulin sensitivity and represents a potential therapeutic target of type 2 diabetes. Thus PPARs are molecular targets for the development of drugs treating metabolic syndrome. However, PPARs also play a role in the regulation of cancer cell growth. Here, we review the function of PPARs in tumor growth.
Fundamental Solution Properties of 4-Hydroxy-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindenes (1998)

The ultraviolet (UV) spectra and the pKa and pKsp of 14 different variations of 4-hydroxy-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene (TAI) measured in water at 25&#xB0;C are discussed in this report. The acidity of the tautomeric proton correlated with the inductive electronic effect of the substituent as measured by Hammett' &#x3C3;&#x3C1; constants; pKa values obtained potentiometrically and spectrophotometrically ranged from 3.4 to 6.5. The solubility products of the 1:1 TAI:Ag salts were measured at equilibrium using a solid-state silver sulfide electrode. The pKsp values ranged from 9.6 to 12.9 and increased with substituent bulk at the 2 position and with electron-withdrawing substituents at the 5 position. Oxidation of an alkylthio substituent at either the 2 or 5 position decreased the pKsp value. A carboxylic acid group at the 2 position yielded a soluble silver complex with log &#x3B2;1 of 7.9; however, carboxylic acid substitution at the 5 position yielded a sparingly soluble salt with pKsp of 10.4. Values of pKa and pKsp were observed to be correlated only for substituents in definite homologous series; however, there was no general correlation within the 14 examples.
Targeted disruption of one allele of the Y‐box binding protein‐1 (YB‐1) gene in mouse embryonic stem cells and increased sensitivity to cisplatin and mitomycin C (2004)

The eukaryotic Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) functions in various biological processes, including transcriptional and translational control, DNA repair, drug resistance, and cell proliferation. To elucidate the physiological role of the YB-1 protein, we disrupted one allele of mouse YB-1 in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that YB-1(+/-) ES cells with one intact allele contain approximately one-half the amount of mRNA detected in wild-type (YB-1(+/+)) cells. We further found that the protein level of YB-1(+/-) cells was reduced to approximately 50-60% compared with that of YB-1(+/+) cells. However, no apparent growth difference was found between YB-1(+/-) and YB-1(+/+) cells. YB-1(+/-) cells showed increased sensitivity to cisplatin and mitomycin C, but not to etoposide, X-ray or UV irradiation, as compared to YB-1(+/+) cells. YB-1 may have the capacity to exert a protective role against cytotoxic effects of DNA damaging agents, and may be involved in certain aspects of drug resistance.
Sensorimotor Reorganizations of Arm Kinematics and Postural Strategy for Functional Whole-Body Reaching Movements in Microgravity (2017)

Understanding the impact of weightlessness on human behavior during the forthcoming long-term space missions is of critical importance, especially when considering the efficiency of goal-directed movements in these unusual environments. Several studies provided a large set of evidence that gravity is taken into account during the planning stage of arm reaching movements to optimally anticipate its consequence upon the moving limbs. However, less is known about sensorimotor changes required to face weightless environments when individuals have to perform fast and accurate goal-directed actions with whole-body displacement. We thus aimed at characterizing kinematic features of whole-body reaching movements in microgravity, involving high spatiotemporal constraints of execution, to question whether and how humans are able to maintain the performance of a functional behavior in the standards of normogravity execution. Seven participants were asked to reach as fast and as accurately as possible visual targets while standing during microgravity episodes in parabolic flight. Small and large targets were presented either close or far from the participants (requiring, in the latter case, additional whole-body displacement). Results reported that participants successfully performed the reaching task with general temporal features of movement (e.g., movement speed) close to land observations. However, our analyses also demonstrated substantial kinematic changes related to the temporal structure of focal movement and the postural strategy to successfully perform -constrained- whole-body reaching movements in microgravity. These immediate reorganizations are likely achieved by rapidly taking into account the absence of gravity in motor preparation and execution (presumably from cues about body limbs unweighting). Specifically, when compared to normogravity, the arm deceleration phase substantially increased. Furthermore, greater whole-body forward displacements due to smaller trunk flexions occurred when reaching far targets in microgravity. Remarkably, these changes of focal kinematics and postural strategy appear close to those previously reported when participants performed the same task underwater with neutral buoyancy applied to body limbs. Overall, these novel findings reveal that humans are able to maintain the performance of functional goal-directed whole-body actions in weightlessness by successfully managing spatiotemporal constraints of execution in this unusual environment.
iWatcher: efficient architectural support for software debugging (2004)

Recent impressive performance improvements in computer architecture have not led to significant gains in ease of debugging. Software debugging often relies on inserting run-time software checks. In many cases, however, it is hard to find the root cause of a bug. Moreover, program execution typically slows down significantly, often by 10-100 times. To address this problem, this paper introduces the Intelligent Watcher (iWatcher), novel architectural support to monitor dynamic execution with minimal overhead, automatically, and flexibly. iWatcher associates program-specified monitoring functions with memory locations. When any such location is accessed, the monitoring function is automatically triggered with low overhead. To further reduce overhead and support rollback, iWatcher can leverage Thread-Level Speculation (TLS). To test iWatcher, we use applications with various bugs. Our results show that iWatcher detects many more software bugs than Valgrind, a well-known open-source bug detector. Moreover, iWatcher only induces a 4-80% execution overhead, which is orders of magnitude less than Valgrind. Even with 20% of the dynamic loads monitored in a program, iWatcher adds only 66-174% overhead. Finally, TLS is effective at reducing overheads for programs with substantial monitoring.
Fast Algorithms for Slew-Constrained Minimum Cost Buffering (2007)

As a prevalent constraint, sharp slew rate is often required in circuit design, which causes a huge demand for buffering resources. This problem requires ultrafast buffering techniques to handle large volume of nets while also minimizing buffering cost. This problem is intensively studied in this paper. First, a highly efficient algorithm based on dynamic programming is proposed to optimally solve slew buffering with discrete buffer locations. Second, a new algorithm using the maximum matching technique is developed to handle the difficult cases in which no assumption is made on buffer input slew. Third, an adaptive buffer selection approach is proposed to efficiently handle slew buffering with continuous buffer locations. Fourth, buffer blockage avoidance is handled, which makes the algorithms ready for practical use. Experiments on industrial netlists demonstrate that our algorithms are very effective and highly efficient: we achieve about 90x speedup and save up to 20% buffer area over the commonly used van Ginneken style buffering. The new algorithms also significantly outperform previous works that indirectly address the slew buffering problem.
Visual Servo Control of a Micro Quad-copter as a Teaching Platform for Engineering (2018)

This paper presents a platform for controlling a micro quad-copter using a single visual sensor fixed to the ground. The aim is for this to be a teaching platform with academic and research applications, that combines dynamic real-time control with image segmentation and servoing. A mathematical model based on the Newton-Euler formulation is presented for the quad-copters dynamics. Three different image segmentation algorithms are presented and discussed. A simulator is implemented using MATLABs Simulink environment and a linear quadratic regulator with integral gain (LQR-I) controller is presented as means of controlling a linearized version of the system.
Deep trench isolated CMOS devices (1982)

A deep (5-6 microns) trench isolation process which permits minimum feature size spacing between n- and p-channel devices in bulk CMOS is described. Susceptibility to latch-up at 1.2 microns n-p spacing is reduced (relative to a standard process) or eliminated using a comparatively easy epitaxial process. The trench process is dislocation free and has been used for nonencroaching device isolation. Trench-bounded n- and p-channel devices show good characteristics down to submicron effective channel lengths, and completely trench isolated ring oscillators have been built and tested. Further development effort will go toward controlling the influence of trench sidewall parasitic channels adjacent to n-channel devices.
How I Understand Aging (2009)

How I Understand Aging Get access Kazutomo Imahori Kazutomo Imahori President of the Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nutrition Reviews, Volume 50, Issue 12, December 1992, Pages 351–352, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1992.tb02477.x Published: 01 December 1992
Evaluation of a Maximum Likelihood System Identification Technique on Flutter Testing Data (1990)

The paper deals with the application of a frequency domain maximum likelihood estimation method for linear system identification in the field of flutter data analysis. Unlike methods based on least squares error minimization, the proposed method takes into account the disturbing process or measurement noise on as well the input as the output of the device under test. This enables the optimal and unbiased identification of the parameters in the linear system model. A few examples of the identification of the system parameters of a mechanical single input single output system from flutter test data are discussed and compared to more classical linear estimation methods.
Corrections to the paper: Scannerless NSLR(1) Parsing of Programming Languages (1989)

article Free Access Share on Corrections to the paper: Scannerless NSLR(1) Parsing of Programming Languages Authors: D. J. Salomon Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, CanadaView Profile , G. V. Cormack Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, CanadaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 24Issue 11Nov. 1989pp 80–83https://doi.org/10.1145/71605.71609Published:01 November 1989Publication History 3citation172DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads172Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
When did Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection first occur in the New World? An important question with public health implications. (1995)

"When did Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection first occur in the New World? An important question with public health implications.." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 151(4), pp. 1267–1268
Photocatalytic reduction of chlorite in water using bismuth vanadate (BiVO4): effect of irradiance conditions and presence of oxalate on the reactivity and by-product selectivity (2019)

Chlorite (ClO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) is a disinfection byproduct formed during drinking water treatment when source waters with a high oxidant demand are disinfected with chlorine dioxide.
Theoretical tool movement required to diamond turn an off-axis paraboloid on axis (1975)

High-quality, off-axis parabolic reflectors, required by the CTR and laser-fusion programs at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) and other ERDA laboratories, are currently manufactured by hand. There are several drawbacks to this method, including lead times of up to a year, costs in excess of $75,000 for a small reflector, and unsatisfactory limits to the tolerances obtainable. This situation has led to a search for cheaper and more accurate methods of manufacturing off-axis paraboloids. An alternative method, turning the workpiece about its axis on a diamond-turning machine, is presented, and the equations describing the necessary tool movement are derived. A discussion of a particular case suggests that the proposed technique is feasible. (auth)
The role of glucose in ajmalicine production by catharanthus roseus cell cultures (1995)

The role of glucose in ajmalicine production by Catharanthus roseus was investigated in the second stage of a two-stage batch process. Activities of tryptophan decar-boxylate (TDC) and anthranilate synthase (AS), two enzymes In the pathway leading to ajmalicine, were higher after induction with 40 g/L glucose than after induction with 60 or 80 g/L glucose. Experiments with different media containing mixtures of glucose and the nonpermeating osmotic agent xylose, and using an already induced culture as inoculum, revealed that a minimum amount of glucose is required to support ajmalicine production after enzyme induction. This requirement was not an osmotic effect. The relation between the glucose concentration and the specific ajmalicine production rate, q(p), was investigated in seven (fed-)batch cultures with constant glucose concentrations: 23, 29, 35, 53, 57, 75, and 98 g/L. In the cultures with a low glucose concentration (23, 29, and 35 g/L) the q(p) was 2.7-times higher than the cultures with 53 and 57 g/L, and almost six times higher than the cultures with a high glucose concentration (75 and 98 g/L). A glucose perturbation experiment (from 53 to 32 g/L) demonstrated that the ajmalicine production rate was adjusted without much delay. A kinetic equation is proposed for the relationship between the glucose concentration and q(p). Differences in enzyme induction and ajmalicine production at different glucose levels could not be explained by the intracellular concentrations of glucose, fructose, sucrose, or starch. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Convolution Neural Network for Pain Intensity Assessment from Facial Expression (2022)

Pain is an unpleasant feeling that can reflect a patient's health situation. Since measuring pain is subjective, time-consuming, and needs continuous monitoring, automated pain intensity detection from facial expression holds great potential for smart healthcare applications. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are recently being used to identify features, map and model pain intensity from facial images, delivering great promise in helping practitioners detect disease. Limited research has been conducted to determine pain intensity levels across multiple classes. CNNs with simple learning schemes are limited in their ability to extract feature information from images. In order to develop a highly accurate pain intensity estimation system, this study proposes a Deep CNN (DCNN) model using the transfer learning technique, where a pre-trained DCNN model is adopted by replacing its dense upper layers, and the model is tuned using painful facial. We conducted experiments on the UNBC-McMaster shoulder pain archive database to estimate pain intensity in terms of seven-level thresholds using a given facial expression image. The experiments show our method achieves a promising improvement in terms of accuracy and performance to estimate pain intensity and outperform the-state-of-the-arts models.
Durability and Reliability of EV Batteries under Electric Utility Grid Operations: Path Dependence of Battery Degradation (2018)

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and Grid-to-vehicle (G2V) strategies are often cited as promising approaches to mitigate the intermittency of renewable energy on electric power grids. However, their impact on vehicle battery degradation have yet to be investigated in detail. Since battery degradation is path dependent, i.e. different usage schedules lead to different degradation mechanisms, it is essential to investigate batteries under realistic V2G and G2V scenarios. The aim of this work is to understand the effect of bidirectional charging on the degradation mechanisms of commercial Li-ion cells used in electric vehicles today. Results showed that an extra V2G step during cycle-aging accelerated capacity loss and degraded the kinetics at the negative electrode. Moreover, for all cycling duty cycles, the loss of active material at the negative electrode was higher than the loss of lithium inventory. This condition could trigger lithium plating and shorten cell lifetimes. In the calendar-aging experiments, state of charge was shown to be an important factor and interacted with temperature to accelerate the loss of active material at the positive electrode and the loss of lithium. It was also found that high state of charge values caused loss of active material at the negative electrode and kinetic limitations.
Trauma Care Reimbursement: (1991)

Concern exists that per case payment using Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) inadequately pays trauma centers. In this study, 45 Trauma Resource Groups (TRGs), an alternative patient classification system based on the Injury Severity Score and patient age, is developed and compared to 172 Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) that include trauma diagnoses. TRGs were developed using 1983 Maryland trauma patient hospital discharge abstracts (n= 34,702), the same source used to assign a DRG. We compared estimated TRG and DRG payments to actual charges for 17,398 trauma cases treated during 1986 at five trauma centers and 18 community hospitals in the Central Maryland Metropolitan Statistical Area. The unexpected findings of this study are that an anatomic severity-based classification of hospital trauma discharges (TRGs) does not perform as well as DRGs in: 1) explaining variations in length of stay for trauma cases, or 2) assuring an appropriate distribution of revenues to regional trauma centers and community hospitals. Solutions discussed include segregating community hospital and trauma center costs in computation of average per case rate setting, and inclusion of physiologic and mechanism of injury parameters in prospective payment classification systems to increase explained variance of resource use.
Loss of α-actinin-3 during human evolution provides superior cold resilience and muscle heat generation (2021)

The protein α-actinin-3 expressed in fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber is absent in 1.5 billion people worldwide due to homozygosity for a nonsense polymorphism in ACTN3 (R577X). The prevalence of the 577X allele increased as modern humans moved to colder climates, suggesting a link between α-actinin-3 deficiency and improved cold tolerance. Here, we show that humans lacking α-actinin-3 (XX) are superior in maintaining core body temperature during cold-water immersion due to changes in skeletal muscle thermogenesis. Muscles of XX individuals displayed a shift toward more slow-twitch isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) proteins, accompanied by altered neuronal muscle activation resulting in increased tone rather than overt shivering. Experiments on Actn3 knockout mice showed no alterations in brown adipose tissue (BAT) properties that could explain the improved cold tolerance in XX individuals. Thus, this study provides a mechanism for the positive selection of the ACTN3 X-allele in cold climates and supports a key thermogenic role of skeletal muscle during cold exposure in humans.
Transition metal–carbon bonds. Part XXI. Methyl derivatives of platinum(II) and platinum(IV) containing dimethylphenylarsine as ligand (1969)

Methylplatinum(II) complexes of the types cis-[PtMe2(AsMe2Ph)2] and trans-[PtXMe(AsMe2Ph)2](X = halogen), and methylplatinum(IV) complexes of the type [PtX4–nMen(AsMe2Ph)2](X = halogen, n= 1–4) are described. The stereochemistries follow from the methyl resonance patterns in the n.m.r. spectra and are confirmed by dipole moment and i.r. spectral measurements. Values of δ(Me) for the platinum-bonded methyl groups, ν(Pt–C), ν(Pt–Cl), τ(Me) and J(Pt–H) are given and discussed.