gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porous single crystalline-like titanium dioxide monolith with enhanced photoelectrochemical performance (2023)

Macro-sized porous single crystalline-like (PSC-like) TiO 2 is endowed with unique structural advantages due to its structural consistency and porosity in a large area, which would significantly enhance its photoelectrochemical function. However, there are significant technical challenges in the growth of porous single crystalline-like monoliths. The consistency of structure dominates the structure so that the grain boundary is reduced to the minimum, which is in contradiction with the three-dimensional percolation structure. Here we report a lattice reconstruction strategy based on solid-solid transformation to grow porous single crystal-like anatase TiO 2 dominated by (200) and (101) facets at 2 cm scale. In comparison with the traditional definition of porous single crystal, it has two different lattice orientations, but still has good photoelectrochemical properties. The band gap engineering introduces Ti 3+ gap into the lattice to generate Ti n O 2n−1 with Magneli phase, limiting the created active structure to the lattice with two-dimensional surface, which would open a new avenue to create highly active surfaces to capture photons and transport electrons stably. The PSC-like Ti n O 2n−1 provides enhanced exciton lifetime (3–5 ns) as a photocatalytic catalyst and shows significant visible light absorption. The independent PSC-like Ti n O 2n−1 delivers high photocurrent of 1.8–5.5 mA · cm −2 at room temperature and does not decay for 10 h.
A survey of Web clustering engines (2009)

Web clustering engines organize search results by topic, thus offering a complementary view to the flat-ranked list returned by conventional search engines. In this survey, we discuss the issues that must be addressed in the development of a Web clustering engine, including acquisition and preprocessing of search results, their clustering and visualization. Search results clustering, the core of the system, has specific requirements that cannot be addressed by classical clustering algorithms. We emphasize the role played by the quality of the cluster labels as opposed to optimizing only the clustering structure. We highlight the main characteristics of a number of existing Web clustering engines and also discuss how to evaluate their retrieval performance. Some directions for future research are finally presented.
IsoRAN: Isolation and Scaling for 5G RANvia User-Level Data Plane Virtualization (2020)

5G presents a unique set of challenges for cellular network architecture. The architecture needs to be versatile in order to handle a variety of use cases. While network slicing has been proposed as a way to provide such versatility, it is also important to ensure that slices do not adversely interfere with each other. In other words, isolation among network slices is needed. Additionally, the large number of use cases also implies a large number of users, making it imperative that 5G architectures scale efficiently. In this paper we propose IsoRAN, which provides isolation and scaling along with the flexibility needed for 5G architecture. In IsoRAN, users are processed by daemon threads in the Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) architecture. Our design allows users from different use cases to be executed, in a distributed manner, on the most efficient hardware to ensure that the Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are met while minimising power consumption. Our experiments show that IsoRAN handles users with different SLA while providing isolation to reduce interference. This increased isolation reduces the drop rate for different users from 42% to nearly 0% in some cases. Finally, we run large scale simulations on real traces to show the benefits for power consumption and cost reduction scale while increasing the number of base stations.
Fate of antigen after intravenous and intraarticular injection into mice. Role of molecular weight and charge. (1989)

The role of the charge of differently sized proteins in their penetration, persistence and localization in murine joint tissues was studied. Radiolabeled proteins of variable molecular weight (14-150 kDa) and charge (isoelectric point (pI) 4.5-10) were administered by intravenous and intraarticular routes, and localization studies in the first 2 and at 24 h were done with autoradiography. Small cationic proteins rapidly penetrated joint tissues after intravenous injection and persisted in larger amounts compared to anionic proteins of corresponding size. Small cationic proteins easily penetrated the matrices of both epiphysial and articular cartilage. In contrast larger cationic proteins (cBSA, cIgG) persisted for the greater part in the tissues just around the vessels and cartilage association was less striking. After intraarticular injection it was found that low molecular weight proteins (14 to 47 kDa) are rapidly cleared from the joint. Small cationic proteins persisted somewhat better than anionic ones, but impressive retention was only found with cationic proteins with higher molecular weight (67 to 150 kDa). Our data help to define prerequisite properties of proteins for penetration and interaction with joint structures after systemic supply or local production.
Integrating a Digital Textbook into a Statics Course (2018)

This innovative practice work-in-progress paper presents the findings of the first implementation of a digital textbook developed by the authors. Recognizing that technology offers new ways to conceive of what a textbook is and does, the digital statics textbook is designed to be a personalized learning experience for students. It includes numerous innovations to provide real-world context and motivation for the theory, scaffold learning, support students in developing systematic and structured problem solving processes, and provide immediate feedback. The online materials were integrated into a lecture- and lab-based, active-learning course offered for approximately 80 students in a 10-week quarter. The online resources were accessible to the students through the university's learning management system. While students learned the material and performed well, they were challenged by this new method of accessing a textbook and identified several limitations of the integration of the digital resource in the course. Instructors need to determine the right mix of online problem solving with immediate feedback and paper-based homework that reinforces a structured problem solving approach. A second offering was underway at the time of writing this paper.
How Extreme Locking of Intramedullary Nails Affects the Overall Biomechanics of Intramedullary Nail Systems (2004)

Intramedullary nails are tube-like implantable medical devices that are commonly used to treat long bone fractures. Interlocking screws, that pass from one side of the bone to the other, through holes at either end of the nail, provide additional stability. Newer designs of intramedullary nails have screws placed more extremely. The aim of this study was to use mechanics to analytically investigate how extreme locking of intramedullary nails affects the overall biomechanics of intramedullary nail systems. The nail was modelled as a tube of various sizes. The deflection of the nail from axial compression, bending and torsion was determined as the working length of the nail was varied. The screw was modelled as a simple beam, built-in at both ends. The deflection of the screw was determined as the medullary width was varied. Placing interlocking screws more extremely in intramedullary nails increases the working length of the nail and leads to the use of longer screws, since at the bone extremities, the width of the medullary cavity increases. An increased working length leads to increased rotation of the nail. The use of longer screws leads to increased deflection of the screw and an increased bending moment that has to be resisted by the bone cortex. Extreme locking of intramedullary nails changes the biomechanics of the nail system, and may well have clinical implications in terms of fracture healing.
An ultraviolet‐curable, core–shell vaccine formed via phase separation (2019)

One of the central challenges in the field of vaccine delivery is to develop a delivery method that maintains antigen stability while also enabling control over the system's release kinetics. Addressing these challenges would not only allow for expanded access to vaccines worldwide but would also help significantly reduce mortality rates in developing countries. In this article, we report the development of single-injection vaccine depots for achieving novel delayed burst release. Synthesized poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(ε-caprolactone) triacrylate were used to form stationary bubbles within an aqueous solution of 10% carboxymethylcellulose. These polymeric bubbles (referred to as "polybubbles") can then be injected with an aqueous solution of cargo, resulting in the formation of a polymeric shell. The puncture resulting from cargo injection self-heals prior to ultraviolet (UV) curing. UV curing and lyophilization were shown to enhance the stability of the polybubbles. BSA- CF 488 and HIV1 gp120/41 were used as the antigen in the study as a proof-of-concept. Further endeavors to automate the production of polybubbles are underway.
Template Based Prediction of Three‐Dimensional Protein Structures: Fold Recognition and Comparative Modeling (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Steps of Comparative Modeling Accuracy of Comparative Models Protein Structure Modeling and Function Prediction Acknowledgements References
Bortezomib Plus Continuous B Cell Depletion Results in Sustained Plasma Cell Depletion and Amelioration of Lupus Nephritis in NZB/W F1 Mice (2015)

These findings suggest that the effective depletion of LLPCs using bortezomib in combination with a therapy that continuously targeting B cells as their precursors may prevent the regeneration of autoreactive LLPCs and, thus, might represent a promising treatment strategy for SLE and other (auto)antibody-mediated diseases.
Bone regeneration with resorbable polymeric membranes. III. Effect of poly(L-lactide) membrane pore size on the bone healing process in large defects (1996)

Poly(L-lactide) membranes of various pore sizes: microporous, medium pore size (10-20 microns), and large pore size (20-200 microns) were implanted in 15 mature New Zealand female rabbits to cover a 10-mm diaphyseal defect created in the radius. Five rabbits were implanted with each membrane. No internal fixation was used, as it was assumed that the intact ulna splints the radius adequately. Postoperative radiographs revealed the formation of hematoma within the bone defect. At the 2nd week after surgery, the hematoma was resorbed and the formation of new bone was noted radiologically either at the ends of the bone fragments or as osteophytes on the proximal and distal edges of the membrane. At 4 weeks, the newly formed bone was growing centripetally from the fragment ends. The bone regeneration took place in the majority of the cases under investigation, regardless of the pore size of the polymeric membranes used. There were, however, some differences in the intensity of the bone regeneration process. Although at 2 weeks after surgery bone formation was seen radiographically in all animals, at 6 months five rabbits of five, four rabbits of five, and three rabbits of five implanted respectively with microporous membrane, medium pore-size membrane, and large pore-size membrane showed complete regeneration of bone within the defects. It is suggested that the primary function of the membrane used to cover bone defects is to preserve the osteogenic components present in the space under the membrane from escaping and support the growth of cells within the "medullary cavity" formed by the tubular implant.
Electronically switchable bulk acoustic wave resonator based on paraelectric state ferroelectric films (2011)

The electromechanical properties of multilayer microwave capacitance structures with two ferroelectric films in the paraelectric state are analysed. A film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) with about two times (approximately octave) resonance frequency switching is demonstrated. The switching phenomenon is due to the application of a unidirectional or oppositely directed DC control E-field to ferroelectric layers that results in the excitation of different acoustic eigenmodes in the resonator structure.
Baseline clinical predictors of antitumor response to the PARP inhibitor olaparib in germline BRCA1/2 mutated patients with advanced ovarian cancer (2017)

PTPI may be used to refine the prediction of response to PARP inhibition based on the conventional categorization of platinum sensitivity.
[Detection of minimal residual disease and its significance for establishing prognoses in patients with laparoscopic resections of colorectal carcinomas]. (2010)

The data suggest certain correlations between the MRD findings and the disease prognosis. The authors continue to collect further samples and assess the outcomes in order to enlarge the patient study group and the data, and plan to evaluate the outcomes in a 5-year to 10- year follow up period.
Comparison of Non-Data-Aided Feedforward Symbol Timing Estimation with "Better Than" Raised Cosine and Raised Cosine Pulse Shapings (2007)

It is known that the "better than" raised-cosine pulse has several advantages over the conventional raised-cosine pulse. In addition to the advantages previously reported, this paper reports that the "better than" raised-cosine pulse enables better performance of symbol timing estimation than the raised- cosine pulse. Both Cramer-Rao lower bounds and simulations of practical synchronizers show the superiority of the new pulse. The performance gain can be as much as 3.4 dB for a practical system.
Bioequivalence accomplishments, ongoing initiatives, and remaining challenges (2013)

Although bioequivalence (BE) concepts date back to the late 1960s, there has been a steady evolution in the tools applied to the assessment of product comparability. Despite these advancements, we continue to face a multitude of unresolved challenges. Several of these challenges are unique to veterinary medicine due to issues such as multiple species approvals, unique dosage forms (e.g., intramammary infusion and medicated premixes), physiological challenges (e.g., limitations in blood volume and stress reactions), and the need to evaluate product equivalence for products intended to release drug over a duration of months. Thus, while in some instances, we can adopt advancements implemented by our human health counterparts but in other situations, we need to pioneer our own method for resolving these challenges. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an update on recent advances, achievements, and ongoing initiatives associated with the assessment of product BE in veterinary medicine. This review reflects the highlights of a presentation given at the 2012 meeting of the European Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology.
Balanced massive transfusion ratios in multiple injury patients with traumatic brain injury (2011)

These results add more detailed knowledge to the concept of a high FFP:pRBC ratio during early aggressive resuscitation, including massive transfusion, to decrease mortality in severely injured patients both with and without accompanying TBI. Future research should be conducted with a larger number of patients to prove these results in a prospective study.
Symbol synchronization using signal samples and interpolation (1993)

A method for symbol synchronization using two unsynchronized signal samples per symbol is presented. Signal values between the sample points are calculated by interpolation and then processed digitally to find a suitable strobe point. The interpolated value at the strobe point is used for data detection or input to an equalizer. Simulations show that low variance timing estimates can be made for pulses with raised-cosine spectra degraded by quadratic delay distortion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ilan Weinberg, 1945-2013 (2014)

Obituary of Ilan Weinberg (1945-2013).
The Nucleation of Recrystallisation and the Development of Textures in Heavily Compressed Iron‐Carbon Alloys (1972)

Quantitative studies of textures developed in compressed iron–0.02%C and iron–0.14%C alloys before and after annealing have allowed theoretical predictions based on homogeneous plasticity theory to be assessed. It is concluded that qualitatively the theory is very good but predicts rates of texture development rather higher than those observed. The prediction of the theory that orientations on a line joining [110] and [411] should have a tendency to split into two components on deformation and form transition bands, which may be important in nucleating recrystallisation, has been confirmed by the results of the annealing experiments.
Arginase II inhibition prevents interleukin-8 production through regulation of p38 MAPK phosphorylation activated by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in nLDL-stimulated hAoSMCs (2018)

Arginase inhibition exhibits beneficial effects in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In human aortic smooth muscle cells (hAoSMCs), native low-density lipoprotein (nLDL) induced the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) that is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we examined the effect of arginase inhibition on IL-8 production and the underlying mechanism. In hAoSMCs, reverse transcription-PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemistry with MitoTracker confirmed that arginase II was confined predominantly to mitochondria. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester. The MMP decreased upon nLDL stimulation but was restored upon arginase inhibition. MMP loss caused by nLDL was prevented by treatment with the intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> chelator BAPTA-AM. In mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> measurements using Rhod-2 AM, increased mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels by nLDL were inhibited upon preincubation with an arginase inhibitor. Among the polyamines, spermine, an arginase activity-dependent product, caused mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> movement. The nLDL-induced MMP change resulted in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and IL-8 production and was prevented by the arginase inhibitors BAPTA and ruthenium 360. In isolated AoSMCs from ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice fed a high-cholesterol diet, arginase activity, p38 MAPK phosphorylation, spermine and mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) production were increased compared with wild-type (WT) mice. However, in AoSMCs isolated from arginase II-null mice, increases in MMP and decreases in mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels were noted compared with WT and were associated with p38 MAPK activation and IL-8 production. These data suggest that arginase activity regulates the change in MMP through Ca<sup>2+</sup> uptake that is essential for p38 MAPK phosphorylation and IL-8 production.
Image Segmentation-Based Multi-Focus Image Fusion Through Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Network (2017)

A decision map contains complete and clear information about the image to be fused, and detecting the decision map is crucial to various image fusion issues, especially multi-focus image fusion. Nevertheless, in an attempt to obtain an approving image fusion effect, it is necessary and always difficult to obtain a decision map. In this paper, we address this problem with a novel image segmentation-based multi-focus image fusion algorithm, in which the task of detecting the decision map is treated as image segmentation between the focused and defocused regions in the source images. The proposed method achieves segmentation through a multi-scale convolutional neural network, which performs a multi-scale analysis on each input image to derive the respective feature maps on the region boundaries between the focused and defocused regions. The feature maps are then inter-fused to produce a fused feature map. Afterward, the fused map is post-processed using initial segmentation, morphological operation, and watershed to obtain the segmentation map/decision map. We illustrate that the decision map gained from the multi-scale convolutional neural network is trustworthy and that it can lead to high-quality fusion results. Experimental results evidently validate that the proposed algorithm can achieve an optimum fusion performance in light of both qualitative and quantitative evaluations.
Regularized Co-Clustering with Dual Supervision (2008)

By attempting to simultaneously partition both the rows (examples) and columns (features) of a data matrix, Co-clustering algorithms often demonstrate surprisingly impressive performance improvements over traditional one-sided row clustering techniques. A good clustering of features may be seen as a combinatorial transformation of the data matrix, effectively enforcing a form of regularization that may lead to a better clustering of examples (and vice-versa). In many applications, partial supervision in the form of a few row labels as well as column labels may be available to potentially assist co-clustering. In this paper, we develop two novel semi-supervised multi-class classification algorithms motivated respectively by spectral bipartite graph partitioning and matrix approximation formulations for co-clustering. These algorithms (i) support dual supervision in the form of labels for both examples and/or features, (ii) provide principled predictive capability on out-of-sample test data, and (iii) arise naturally from the classical Representer theorem applied to regularization problems posed on a collection of Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces. Empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness and utility of our algorithms.
Shared Last-Level Cache Management and Memory Scheduling for GPGPUs with Hybrid Main Memory (2018)

Memory intensive workloads become increasingly popular on general purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs), and impose great challenges on the GPGPU memory subsystem design. On the other hand, with the recent development of non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies, hybrid memory combining both DRAM and NVM achieves high performance, low power, and high density simultaneously, which provides a promising main memory design for GPGPUs. In this article, we explore the shared last-level cache management for GPGPUs with consideration of the underlying hybrid main memory. To improve the overall memory subsystem performance, we exploit the characteristics of both the asymmetric read/write latency of the hybrid main memory architecture, as well as the memory coalescing feature of GPGPUs. In particular, to reduce the average cost of L2 cache misses, we prioritize cache blocks from DRAM or NVM based on observations that operations to NVM part of main memory have a large impact on the system performance. Furthermore, the cache management scheme also integrates the GPU memory coalescing and cache bypassing techniques to improve the overall system performance. To minimize the impact of memory divergence behaviors among simultaneously executed groups of threads, we propose a hybrid main memory and warp aware memory scheduling mechanism for GPGPUs. Experimental results show that in the context of a hybrid main memory system, our proposed L2 cache management policy and memory scheduling mechanism improve performance by 15.69% on average for memory intensive benchmarks, whereas the maximum gain can be up to 29% and achieve an average memory subsystem energy reduction of 21.27%.