gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsuspected coronary artery disease as cause of chronic atrioventricular block in middle age. (1980)

Attention has recently been drawn to the relatively poor prognosis of middle aged patients paced for chronic atrioventricular block when age-linked expectation of life is taken into account, and it has been suggested that this may be the result of underlying coronary artery disease, despite the absence of symptoms to suggest this. It was the purpose of this study to determine the incidence of unsuspected coronary artery disease in middle aged patients presenting with chronic atrioventricular block. Studies were made on a consecutive series of 30 patients aged 45 to 65 (mean age 56 years) with chronic atrioventricular disease who had been referred for pacing. Patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction or angina or with sinuatrial disease without atrioventricular disease were excluded. Coronary arteriography disclosed the presence of severe coronary artery disease in 13 patients. Of the remaining 17 patients, four had congestive cardiomyopathy, two had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, one had aortic stenosis, and in 10 patients the aetiology of the heart block was unknown. Myocardial revascularisation was undertaken in six patients with paroxysmal atrioventricular block caused by coronary artery disease. Operation did not result in any sustained improvement in atrioventricular conduction.
Temporal spectral evolution of pre-stimulus brain activity in visual and visuomotor tasks (2022)

The aim of this study was to describe the spectral features of pre-stimulus event-related potential (ERP) components elicited in visual tasks such as the Bereitschaftspotential (BP), prefrontal negativity (pN) and visual negativity (vN). ERPs are considered time-locked and phase-locked (evoked) activity, but we have also analyzed the non-phase but time-locked (induced) activity in the same interval by applying the temporal spectral evolution (TSE) method. Participants (N = 26) were tested in a passive task, a simple response task (SRT) and a discriminative response task (DRT), where EEG activity was recorded with 64 scalp electrodes. We analyzed the time-frequency modulations (phase and non-phase) prior to the onset of the stimuli in the sub-delta, delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. The results showed that all the pre-stimulus ERP components were mainly regulated by evoked activity in the sub-delta band. On the other hand, induced activity seems to be linked to evoked responses but with a different psychophysiological role. We concluded that other preparatory cognitive mechanisms associated with ERPs can also be detected by the TSE method. This finding may suggest underlying mechanisms in non-phase activity and requires the addition of non-phase activity analysis to the traditional analysis (phase and evoked activity).
Therapeutic potential of ERK5 targeting in triple negative breast cancer (2014)

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) account for 15% of all breast cancers, and represent one of the most aggressive forms of the disease, exhibiting short relapse-free survival. In contrast to other breast cancer subtypes, the absence of knowledge about the etiopathogenic alterations that cause TNBCs force the use of chemotherapeutics to treat these tumors. Because of this, efforts have been devoted with the aim of incorporating novel therapies into the clinical setting. Kinases play important roles in the pathophysiology of several tumors, including TNBC. Since expression of the MAP kinase ERK5 has been linked to patient outcome in breast cancer, we analyzed the potential value of its targeting in TNBC. ERK5 was frequently overexpressed and active in samples from patients with TNBC, as well as in explants from mice carrying genetically-defined TNBC tumors. Moreover, expression of ERK5 was linked to a worse prognosis in TNBC patients. Knockdown experiments demonstrated that ERK5 supported proliferation of TNBC cells. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK5 with TG02, a clinical stage inhibitor which targets ERK5 and other kinases, inhibited cell proliferation by blocking passage of cells through G1 and G2, and also triggered apoptosis in certain TNBC cell lines. TG02 had significant antitumor activity in a TNBC xenograft model in vivo, and also augmented the activity of chemotherapeutic agents commonly used to treat TNBC. Together, these data indicate that ERK5 targeting may represent a valid strategy against TNBC, and support the development of trials aimed at evaluating the clinical effectiveness of drugs that block this kinase.
FIBFLO – a study design for comparing the effects of diets on the microbiome and its metabolism: β-glucan or not? (2017)

It has been established that the human gut microbiome is commensal, helps to digest our food, and is involved in metabolic processes in the gut and in the development and maintenance of our immune ...
Inhibition of mammalian folylpolyglutamate synthetase and human dihydrofolate reductase by 5,8-dideaza analogs of folic acid and aminopterin bearing a terminal L-ornithine (1989)

Six new 5,8-dideaza analogues of folic acid and aminopterin containing a terminal L-ornithine residue were prepared by using multistep synthetic sequences. Each was evaluated as an inhibitor of hog liver folylpolyglutamate synthetase and human dihydrofolate reductase. Structural modifications at positions 2, 4, 5, and 10 were included to help define structure-activity relationships for compounds of this type. The compound N alpha-(4-amino-4-deoxy-5-chloro-5,8-dideazapteroyl)-L-ornithine (3f) was identified as the most potent inhibitor of mammalian folylpolyglutamate synthetase reported thus far (Ki congruent to 2 nM). Its 4-oxy counterpart, N alpha-(5-chloro-5,8-dideazapteroyl)-L-ornithine, was only 5-fold less inhibitory than 3f toward folylpolyglutamate synthetase but was found to be a much weaker inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase than 3f.
ChemInform Abstract: ACYLANTHRANILS. 6. ROLE OF STERIC HINDRANCE IN THE REACTION OF ELECTROPHILIC REAGENTS WITH LINEAR PRIMARY ALIPHATIC AMINES (1978)

Abstract Die Reaktion der n‐Alkylamine (III) mit Acetyl‐anthranil (II) zu den möglichen Reaktionsprodukten (I) bzw. (IV) und (V) wird in Relation zur Kettenlänge im Alkylrest untersucht und diskutiert.
3D Visual Tracking of an Articulated Robot in Precision Automated Tasks (2017)

The most compelling requirements for visual tracking systems are a high detection accuracy and an adequate processing speed. However, the combination between the two requirements in real world applications is very challenging due to the fact that more accurate tracking tasks often require longer processing times, while quicker responses for the tracking system are more prone to errors, therefore a trade-off between accuracy and speed, and vice versa is required. This paper aims to achieve the two requirements together by implementing an accurate and time efficient tracking system. In this paper, an eye-to-hand visual system that has the ability to automatically track a moving target is introduced. An enhanced Circular Hough Transform (CHT) is employed for estimating the trajectory of a spherical target in three dimensions, the colour feature of the target was carefully selected by using a new colour selection process, the process relies on the use of a colour segmentation method (Delta E) with the CHT algorithm for finding the proper colour of the tracked target, the target was attached to the six degree of freedom (DOF) robot end-effector that performs a pick-and-place task. A cooperation of two Eye-to Hand cameras with their image Averaging filters are used for obtaining clear and steady images. This paper also examines a new technique for generating and controlling the observation search window in order to increase the computational speed of the tracking system, the techniques is named Controllable Region of interest based on Circular Hough Transform (CRCHT). Moreover, a new mathematical formula is introduced for updating the depth information of the vision system during the object tracking process. For more reliable and accurate tracking, a simplex optimization technique was employed for the calculation of the parameters for camera to robotic transformation matrix. The results obtained show the applicability of the proposed approach to track the moving robot with an overall tracking error of 0.25 mm. Also, the effectiveness of CRCHT technique in saving up to 60% of the overall time required for image processing.
Who can help me with this change request? (2009)

An approach to recommend a ranked list of developers to assist in performing software changes given a textual change request is presented. The approach employs a two-fold strategy. First, a technique based on information retrieval is put at work to locate the relevant units of source code, e.g., files, classes, and methods, to a given change request. These units of source code are then fed to a technique that recommends developers based on their source code change expertise, experience, and contributions, as derived from the analysis of the previous commits. The commits are obtained from a software system's version control repositories (e.g., Subversion). The approach is demonstrated on a bug report from KOffice, an open source application suite.
The Influence of LINE-1 and SINE Retrotransposons on Mammalian Genomes (2015)

Transposable elements have had a profound impact on the structure and function of mammalian genomes. The retrotransposon Long INterspersed Element-1 (LINE-1 or L1), by virtue of its replicative mobilization mechanism, comprises ∼17% of the human genome. Although the vast majority of human LINE-1 sequences are inactive molecular fossils, an estimated 80-100 copies per individual retain the ability to mobilize by a process termed retrotransposition. Indeed, LINE-1 is the only active, autonomous retrotransposon in humans and its retrotransposition continues to generate both intra-individual and inter-individual genetic diversity. Here, we briefly review the types of transposable elements that reside in mammalian genomes. We will focus our discussion on LINE-1 retrotransposons and the non-autonomous Short INterspersed Elements (SINEs) that rely on the proteins encoded by LINE-1 for their mobilization. We review cases where LINE-1-mediated retrotransposition events have resulted in genetic disease and discuss how the characterization of these mutagenic insertions led to the identification of retrotransposition-competent LINE-1s in the human and mouse genomes. We then discuss how the integration of molecular genetic, biochemical, and modern genomic technologies have yielded insight into the mechanism of LINE-1 retrotransposition, the impact of LINE-1-mediated retrotransposition events on mammalian genomes, and the host cellular mechanisms that protect the genome from unabated LINE-1-mediated retrotransposition events. Throughout this review, we highlight unanswered questions in LINE-1 biology that provide exciting opportunities for future research. Clearly, much has been learned about LINE-1 and SINE biology since the publication of Mobile DNA II thirteen years ago. Future studies should continue to yield exciting discoveries about how these retrotransposons contribute to genetic diversity in mammalian genomes.
Time-Expanded in Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing (2023)

Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (ϕ OTDR) is a well-known distributed optical fiber sensing technique widely employed in applications that require thousands of measuring points, such as structural health monitoring, seismology or perimeter surveillance. Time-domain interrogators typically offer longer sensing ranges and faster dynamics but significantly worse spatial resolution than their optical frequency domain counterparts. Recently, a new ϕ OTDR scheme exploits the dual-frequency comb technology to cover the performance gap between that typically offered by conventional ϕ OTDR and OFDR interrogators. In this novel sensing technique, called time-expanded (TE-)ϕ OTDR, one optical frequency comb (OFC) probes the fiber to produce a series of backscatter traces. A second comb with almost identical specifications than the previous one but slightly different line spacing serves as a reference. The beating between both OFCs leads to a frequency down conversion of the backscatter traces upon photodetection, allowing obtaining spatial resolution in the cm scale with MHz bandwidth detectors. Thanks to the use of a pair of OFCs under quasi-integer ratio mode and an atomic rubidium clock, we achieve the dynamic interrogation of up to 100,000 sensing points in a fiber with centimeter spatial resolution and in real time.
Abnormal mammary gland development in MMTV-CBLC transgenic mouse. (2009)

The CBL family of E3 ubiquitin ligases regulates cell signaling in a number of tissues by promoting degradation of tyrosine kinase receptors such as epidermal growth factor receptor. CBLC, the third member of the CBL family, is expressed in epithelial tissues, including the mammary gland. A transgenic mouse strain expressing a tetracyclin-inducible CBLC in the mammary gland was derived. It was found that CBLC transgene expression reduces the number and length of ducts during the development of the gland. In vivo results support the concept of CBLs as negative regulators of cell proliferation. Alternatively, the phenotype may be due to increased apoptosis. This mouse model may be used to further study regulatory components of the CBL pathway and may be crossed with mice susceptible to develop mammary tumors.
Fluorine-Free Organoxenon Chemistry:  HXeCCH, HXeCC, and HXeCCXeH (2003)

Three novel Xe-containing organic compounds, HXeCCH, HXeCC (open-shell species), and HXeCCXeH, are identified using infrared absorption spectroscopy. They are prepared in a low-temperature Xe matrix using UV photolysis of acetylene and subsequent annealing at 40-45 K. The experimental observations are supported by extensive ab initio calculations. This work demonstrates a new way to activate the H-Ctbd1;C- group without use of XeF(2), which can extend the range of organoxenon compounds.
Detection and location of 127 anatomical landmarks in diverse CT datasets (2014)

The automatic detection and localization of anatomical landmarks has wide application, including intra and interpatient registration, study location and navigation, and the targeting of specialized algorithms. In this paper, we demonstrate the automatic detection and localization of 127 anatomically defined landmarks distributed throughout the body, excluding arms. Landmarks are defined on the skeleton, vasculature and major organs. Our approach builds on the classification forests method,<sup>1</sup> using this classifier with simple image features which can be efficiently computed. For the training and validation of the method we have used 369 CT volumes on which radiographers and anatomists have marked ground truth (GT) - that is the locations of all defined landmarks occurring in that volume. A particular challenge is to deal with the wide diversity of datasets encountered in radiology practice. These include data from all major scanner manufacturers, different extents covering single and multiple body compartments, truncated cardiac acquisitions, with and without contrast. Cases with stents and catheters are also represented. Validation is by a leave-one-out method, which we show can be efficiently implemented in the context of decision forest methods. Mean location accuracy of detected landmarks is 13.45mm overall; execution time averages 7s per volume on a modern server machine. We also present localization ROC analysis to characterize detection accuracy - that is to decide if a landmark is or is not present in a given dataset.
Abstract 038: Placental Growth Factor Supplementation Abolishes Placental Ischemia-induced Hypertension (2015)

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder of new-onset hypertension. Unfortunately, the most effective treatment is early delivery of the fetus and placenta. Progress toward potential therapeutic targets has found that placental ischemia/hypoxia induced in animals by reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) or in human patients stimulates the release of hypertensive placental factors into the maternal circulation. For example, the antiangiogenic factor sFlt-1, which antagonizes and reduces bioavailable vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF), is significantly elevated in PE patients and RUPP rats. It is clear that reductions in VEGF promote hypertension in RUPP rats as supplementation with recombinant VEGF at 180 ug/kg/day abolished the hypertension. However, it is unknown if reductions in PlGF levels also contribute to the hypertensive response. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that PlGF treatment would reduce placental ischemia-induced hypertension. On gestational day 14, Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to three groups: normal pregnant (NP, N=6), RUPP (N=5) and RUPP + 180 ug/kg/day PlGF (N=7). The rPlGF (AG31, a purified-recombinant human PlGF) was infused via i.p. osmotic minipump. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP, carotid catheter) and pregnancy weights were assessed on day 19. MAP was significantly higher in RUPP than NP rats (123±4 vs. 104±1, P&lt;0.05). PlGF reversed these levels to NP values (105±3, P&lt;0.05 vs. RUPP). Placental weights (NP: 0.5±0.02; RUPP: 0.51±0.04; and RUPP+rPlGF: 0.5±0.05) and fetal weights (NP: 2.30±0.07; RUPP: 2.00±0.15; and RUPP+rPlGF: 2.09±0.07) were similar among all groups. The number of live fetuses was reduced in RUPP than NP rats (5±2 vs. 12±1, P&lt;0.05) with a slight increase in the RUPP+rPlGF group (8±1). The number of fetal absorptions was increased in RUPP than NP rats (9±2 vs. 2±1, P&lt;0.05) with a slight increase in the RUPP+rPlGF group (5±1). In conclusion, these data indicate that the reductions in PlGF that occur as a result of placental ischemia contribute to the development of maternal hypertension. Our novel finding that rPlGF abolishes placental ischemia-induced hypertension suggests a strong role and therapeutic potential for this growth factor in PE.
267: Larger Stem Cell Dose is Associated with Decreased Symptom Severity after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma (2008)

Significance: High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC-AuSCT) has become an established procedure for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). During HDC-AuSCT, patients develop a symptom burden that substantially interferes with daily activities. Theoretical Framework: Symptom burden is the combined impact of all symptoms on one's ability to function as one did before onset of disease and therapy. Problem and Purpose: Minimizing the symptom burden of HDC-AuSCT may allow more patients the chance to receive its demonstrated benefits. The purpose of this research was to explore the ability of larger numbers of CD34+ cells to decrease symptom severity during HDC-AuSCT in patients with MM. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 17 patients with MM who completed the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) (0–10 measurement scale) at 6 time points from baseline to 30 days post-HDC-AuSCT. Four patients received high doses of stem cells (9.5–15 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg) and 13 received standard doses (4–6 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg). Area under the curve (AUC) methodology was used to describe the severity of the 5 most severe symptoms (fatigue, lack of appetite, difficulty sleeping, nausea, and pain) that these patients experienced during the peritransplantation period. Results: Means and standard deviations of symptom severity measures are in Table 1. The mean symptom severity of the 2 groups showed no difference at baseline. The difference in mean daily AUC between the 2 groups from cell infusion to 30 days post-HDC-AuSCT approached significance and, more importantly, showed a large effect size of 1.2 times the common group standard deviation. The mean symptom severity of the 5 most severe symptoms was significantly lower at nadir for the group receiving the high cell dose. Implications: The mean symptom severity for the 2 groups began to diverge sharply after cell infusion. The severity for patients receiving the larger cell dose declined immediately, whereas the severity for patients receiving the standard cell dose rose further before declining. The use of larger cell doses to decrease symptoms warrants prospective testing in a randomized controlled trial. The mechanism behind the ability of larger doses of stem cells to ameliorate symptom severity is unclear. The known relationship between symptom development and severity and inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6) suggests a possible cytokine-based mechanism, which also should be explored.Table 1Symptom Severity during Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple MyelomaLarger Cell DoseStandard Cell DoseMeasureMeanSDMeanSDP Value (2-Tailed)Severity at baseline of 5 most severe symptoms1.351.061.861.710.49Severity at nadir of 5 most severe symptoms2.551.686.062.26<0.012Daily AUC of 5 most severe symptoms63.5542.02122.9551.240.053SD = standard deviation. Open table in a new tab SD = standard deviation.
Fabrication, testing, and modeling plans for a 125-kW counter-rotating-turbine wave energy converter (1981)

An air turbine accepting bi-directional flow and featuring counter-rotating turbine wheels is described. The turbine is for use with an oscillating water column and an air chamber to form a wave energy converter. Plans are presented for testing the turbine in a steady-state manner so as to obtain output torque and mass flow as functions of operational parameters. Additional tests will evaluate the rotary inertia of the turbine and generator, and determine the torque requirements of the generator. Concurrent modelling studies are described which will lead to the design of an optimized airchamber.
Electroporation for targeted gene transfer (2005)

The utilisation of nonviral gene delivery methods has been increasing steadily, however, a drawback has been the relative low efficiency of gene transfer with naked DNA compared with viral delivery methods. In vivo electroporation, which has previously been used clinically to deliver chemotherapeutic agents, also enhances the delivery of plasmid DNA and has been used to deliver plasmids to several tissue types, particularly muscle and tumour. Recently, a large number of preclinical studies for a variety of therapeutic modalities have demonstrated the potential of electrically mediated gene transfer. Although clinical trials using gene transfer with in vivo electroporation have not as yet been realised, the tremendous growth of this technology suggests that the first trials will soon be initiated.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Cetyl Phosphate Adsorption in Flotation of Magnesite and Pertinent Chemical Aspects (2020)

Magnesite ores are important resources in the production of value-added magnesium materials. Generally, low selectivity of conventional collectors and the requirement of a large amount of depressant has been a motivation for researchers to identify alternate collectors. In this work, the role of potassium cetyl phosphate (PCP) as a new collector in magnesite flotation is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and chemical equilibria, electrokinetics and wettability. The results indicate that PCP exhibits a strong collecting ability for magnesite particles even with low concentrations. The presence of PCP leads to significant alterations in the electric double layer and contact angle behavior of magnesite, which results in rapid adsorption of PCP on magnesite surface. The results from chemical computations show that the monoanionic forms of PCP are the dominant species in the weakly acidic pH range, where monohydroxy magnesium species and the ion concentration of magnesite in suspension can be controlled by adjusting pH. The adsorption models indicate that the stable adsorption of PCP on magnesite surfaces occurs spontaneously, supporting the potentiality for selective magnesite flotation in its separation from other carbonate minerals.