gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal alkoxides as precursors for electronic and ceramic materials (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal alkoxides as precursors for electronic and ceramic materialsDonald C. BradleyCite this: Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 6, 1317–1322Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00096a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00096a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3275Altmetric-Citations560LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bioaugmentation as a Tool To Protect the Structure and Function of an Activated-Sludge Microbial Community against a 3-Chloroaniline Shock Load (2003)

Bioaugmentation of bioreactors focuses on the removal of xenobiotics, with little attention typically paid to the recovery of disrupted reactor functions such as ammonium-nitrogen removal. Chloroanilines are widely used in industry as a precursor to a variety of products and are occasionally released into wastewater streams. This work evaluated the effects on activated-sludge reactor functions of a 3-chloroaniline (3-CA) pulse and bioaugmentation by inoculation with the 3-CA-degrading strain Comamonas testosteroni I2 gfp. Changes in functions such as nitrification, carbon removal, and sludge compaction were studied in relation to the sludge community structure, in particular the nitrifying populations. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to characterize and enumerate the ammonia-oxidizing microbial community immediately after a 3-CA shock load. Two days after the 3-CA shock, ammonium accumulated, and the nitrification activity did not recover over a 12-day period in the nonbioaugmented reactors. In contrast, nitrification in the bioaugmented reactor started to recover on day 4. The DGGE patterns and the FISH and real-time PCR data showed that the ammonia-oxidizing microbial community of the bioaugmented reactor recovered in structure, activity, and abundance, while the number of ribosomes of the ammonia oxidizers in the nonbioaugmented reactor decreased drastically and the community composition changed and did not recover. The settleability of the activated sludge was negatively influenced by the 3-CA addition, with the sludge volume index increasing by a factor of 2.3. Two days after the 3-CA shock in the nonbioaugmented reactor, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency decreased by 36% but recovered fully by day 4. In contrast, in the bioaugmented reactor, no decrease of the COD removal efficiency was observed. This study demonstrates that bioaugmentation of wastewater reactors to accelerate the degradation of toxic chlorinated organics such as 3-CA protected the nitrifying bacterial community, thereby allowing faster recovery from toxic shocks.
Are wait-free algorithms fast? (1994)

The time complexity of wait-free algorithms in “normal” executions, where no failures occur and processes operate at approximately the same speed, is considered. A lower bound of log n on the time complexity of any wait-free algorithm that achieves approximate agreement among n processes is proved. In contrast, there exists a non-wait-free algorithm that solves this problem in constant time. This implies an Ω(log n ) time separation between the wait-free and non-wait-free computation models. On the positive side, we present an O(log n ) time wait-free approximate agreement algorithm; the complexity of this algorithm is within a small constant of the lower bound.
Soft-switched DC/DC converter with PWM control (1998)

In this paper, a new power converter with two variations is proposed. A novel asymmetrical pulse-width-modulation (PWM) control scheme is used to control the power converter under constant switching frequency operation. The modes of operation for both variations are discussed. The DC characteristics, which can be used in the design of the power converters, are also presented. Two 50 W power converters were built to verify the characteristics of the converters. Due to the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) operation of the switches and low device voltage and current stresses, these power converters have high full- and partial-load efficiencies. They are, therefore, potential candidates for high-efficiency high-density power supply applications.
Removal of a binary dye mixture of Congo red and malachite green from aqueous solutions using a bentonite adsorbent (2009)

Abstract An important application of clay is as a solid adsorbent for industrial dyes. The aim of the present work was to carry out an experimental-theoretical study of the adsorption of dye mixtures, namely malachite green (MG) and Congo red (CR), by bentonite. Adsorption studies were conducted after evaluation of the impact of several parameters, including pH, adsorbate dose, and contact time, on the removal of MG and CR. The pH of the dye solution is strongly affected by the chemistry of both the dye molecules and of the adsorbent in an aqueous solution. Where both dye molecules exist in solution, the optimum pH was found to be 8.2 in order to achieve the maximum adsorption of both MG and CR. Preliminary studies showed that 60 min of contact time is sufficient to reach adsorption equilibrium. The adsorption studies were carried out using 1.0 g samples of bentonite. The amount of dye adsorbed was found by application of classical least squares to the synthetic dye mixtures. Data from equilibrium adsorption on bentonite were analyzed by Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich-Peterson, and Temkin isotherm equations using regression analysis for non-linear forms of those equations. For binary-mixture analysis, isotherm parameters were determined from single-component adsorption studies and the theoretical amount of dye adsorbed was calculated using an extended Langmuir isotherm. Non-linear error analysis showed that the Temkin and Redlich-Peterson isotherms gave the best fits to the equilibrium data for adsorptive removal of MG and CR by bentonite.
Improving Word Embedding Factorization for Compression Using Distilled Nonlinear Neural Decomposition (2020)

Word-embeddings are vital components of Natural Language Processing (NLP) models and have been extensively explored. However, they consume a lot of memory which poses a challenge for edge deployment. Embedding matrices, typically, contain most of the parameters for language models and about a third for machine translation systems. In this paper, we propose Distilled Embedding, an (input/output) embedding compression method based on low-rank matrix decomposition and knowledge distillation. First, we initialize the weights of our decomposed matrices by learning to reconstruct the full pre-trained wordembedding and then fine-tune end-to-end, employing knowledge distillation on the factorized embedding. We conduct extensive experiments with various compression rates on machine translation and language modeling, using different data-sets with a shared wordembedding matrix for both embedding and vocabulary projection matrices. We show that the proposed technique is simple to replicate, with one fixed parameter controlling compression size, has higher BLEU score on translation and lower perplexity on language modeling compared to complex, difficult to tune state-of-theart methods.
Blow Flies Were One of the Possible Candidates for Transmission of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus during the 2004 Outbreaks in Japan (2010)

The 2003-2004 H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in Japan were the first such outbreaks in 79 years in Japan. Epidemic outbreaks have been occurring in Southeast Asia, with the most recent in 2010. Knowledge of the transmission route responsible for the HPAI outbreaks in these countries remains elusive. Our studies strongly suggested that field and laboratory studies focusing on mechanical transmission by blow flies should be considered to control H5N1 avian influenza outbreaks, in particular in epidemic areas, where there are high densities of different fly species throughout the year. In this paper, we review these field and laboratory entomological studies and discuss the possibility of blow flies transmitting H5N1 viruses.
COMPOSITION AND SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THE 1 AU QUIET-TIME SUPRATHERMAL ION POPULATION DURING SOLAR CYCLE 23 (2009)

We have surveyed the spectral and compositional properties of suprathermal heavy ions during quiet times from 1995 January 1 to 2007 December 31 using Wind/Energetic Particles: Anisotropy, Composition, and Transport/SupraThermal-through-Energetic Particle Telescope and Advanced Composition Explorer/Ultra-low Energy Isotope Spectrometer at energies between 0.04 and 2.56 MeV nucleon−1. We find the following. (1) Quiet-time Fe/O and C/O abundances are correlated with solar cycle activity, reflecting corresponding values measured in solar energetic particle and interplanetary (IP) shock events during solar maximum, and those measured in the solar wind and corotating interaction regions (CIRs) during solar minimum conditions. (2) The 3He/4He ratio lies in the 3%–8% range during the quiet times of 1998–2004 with finite 3He detected on ∼27.4% of the days. This ratio drops to 0.3%–1.2% during 2005–2007 and finite 3He is detected on ∼5% of the days. (3) All heavy-ion species exhibit suprathermal tails between 0.04 and 0.32 MeV nucleon−1 with spectral indices ranging from ∼1.27 to 2.29. These tails sometimes extend above ∼2 MeV nucleon−1 with Fe spectra rolling over at lower energies than those of CNO. (4) The suprathermal tail spectral indices of heavier species (i.e., Fe) are harder than those of the lighter ones (i.e., CNO). These indices do not exhibit a clear solar cycle dependence and for ∼50% of the time, they deviate significantly from the 1.5 value. These compositional observations provide evidence that even during the quietest times in IP space, the suprathermal population (3He and C-through-Fe) consists of ions from different sources whose relative contributions vary with solar activity. The heavy-ion energy spectra exhibit suprathermal tails with variable spectral indices that do not exhibit the spectral index of 1.5 predicted by some recent models.
Aerofoil broadband noise reductions through double-wavelength leading-edge serrations: a new control concept (2018)

Aerofoils operating in a turbulent flow generate broadband noise by scattering vorticity into sound at the leading edge. Previous work has demonstrated the effectiveness by which serrations, or undulations, introduced onto the leading edge, can substantially reduce broadband leading-edge noise. All of this work has focused on sinusoidal (single-wavelength) leading-edge serration profiles. In this paper, a new leading-edge serration geometry is proposed which provides significantly greater noise reductions compared to the maximum noise reductions achievable by single-wavelength serrations of the same amplitude. This is achieved through destructive interference between different parts of the aerofoil leading edge, and therefore involves a fundamentally different noise reduction mechanism from conventional single-wavelength serrations. The new leading-edge serration profiles simply comprise the superposition of two single-wavelength components of different wavelength, amplitude and phase with the objective of forming two roots that are sufficiently close together and separated in the streamwise direction. Compact sources located at these root locations then interfere, leading to less efficient radiation than single-wavelength geometries. A detailed parametric study is performed experimentally to investigate the sensitivity of the noise reductions to the profile geometry. A simple model is proposed to explain the noise reduction mechanism for these double-wavelength serration profiles and shown to be in close agreement with the measured noise reduction spectra. The study is primarily performed on flat plates in an idealized turbulent flow. The paper concludes by introducing the double-wavelength serration on a 10 % thick aerofoil, where near-identical noise reductions are obtained compared to the flat plate.
Anti-Swing Control of Suspended Loads on Shipboard Robotic Cranes (2005)

Currently, the speed at which materials can be transferred between ships at sea is limited by sea conditions. Rough sea conditions cause the payload to swing making load transfer difficult and time-consuming. The objective of this research is to develop a real-time, command compensating control for reducing sea state induced payload swing for shipboard robotic cranes. The future use of this control strategy will be to facilitate faster "ship-to-ship" payload transfer in rough sea conditions. In this study, only the sea-induced rotational motion of the ship is considered, since it is assumed that a station-keeping control maintains a constant position of the ship. This rotational motion is modelled using pitch-yaw-roll Euler angles. The shipboard robotic crane is modelled as a spherical pendulum attached to a three-degree-of-freedom manipulator. The three degrees-of-freedom are azimuth (rotation about an axis normal to the ship's deck), elevation (rotation about an axis parallel with the ship's deck, also referred to as luffing), and lift-line length. An inverse kinematics based approach and a sliding mode control strategy are explored. Both approaches use the azimuth and the elevation capability of the crane manipulator to maintain a horizontal position of the suspended load to reduce sea-induced payload sway.
Ultrastable and efficient red organic light emitting diodes with doped transport layers (2006)

We demonstrate extremely stable and highly efficient red p-i-n-type organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on an iridium-based electrophosphorescent dye in suitable host materials. The OLEDs reach lifetimes well above 1×107h at 100cd∕m2 initial luminance and reach at the same time a performance of 12.4% external quantum efficiency. This high lifetime is attributed to a combination of the low current density needed to reach a certain luminance and to the high stability of the materials against both charge carriers and excitons.
Optical roughness measurements on specially designed roughness standards (2008)

The measurement of surface texture is one of the most common and important ways to judge the quality of a technical surface. In order to verify whether a metrology device is able to measure certain types of roughness accurately, various roughness standards with calibrated roughness values are available. While almost all roughness standards produced so far have been designed for tactile systems we demonstrate how the optical metrology device InfiniteFocus can be applied to special roughness standards that have been artificially roughened. Experiments are performed on standards with periodic structure and the results of the optical system are compared to the calibrated values obtained by tactile systems with different tip radius. Additionally the profile-based measurements are compared to area-based measurements conform to a recently developed ISO standard draft. Finally roughness measurements on real surfaces are presented.
Prevention and Correction of the Temporal Hair Loss in Rhytidectomy (1999)

Brennan, H. George M.D.; Toft, Kenneth M. M.D.; Dunham, Brian P. B.A.; Goode, Richard L. M.D.; Koch, R. James M.D Author Information
The quest for targeted delivery in colon cancer: mucoadhesive valdecoxib microspheres (2011)

The aim of the present study was to prepare valdecoxib, a cyclo-oxygenase-2 enzyme inhibitor, as a loaded multiparticulate system to achieve site-specific drug delivery to colorectal tumors. Film coating was done with the pH-sensitive polymer Eudragit S100 and sodium alginate was used as mucoadhesive polymer in the core. The microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and were evaluated for particle size, drug load, in vitro drug release, release kinetics, accelerated stability, and extent of mucoadhesion. The coated microspheres released the drug at pH 7.4, the putative parameter for colonic delivery. When applied to the mucosal surface of freshly excised goat colon, microspheres pretreated with phosphate buffer pH 7.4 for 30 minutes showed mucoadhesion. To ascertain the effect of valdecoxib on the viability of Caco-2 cells, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test was conducted using both valdecoxib and coated microspheres. In both cases, the percentage of dehydrogenase activity indicated a lack of toxicity against Caco-2 cells in the tested concentration range. Drug transport studies of the drug as well as the coated microspheres in buffers of pH 6 and 7.4 across Caco-2 cell monolayers were conducted. The microspheres were found to exhibit slower and delayed drug release and lower intracellular concentration of valdecoxib.
Time versus Hardware: Reducing Qubit Counts with a (Surface Code) Data Bus (2019)

We introduce a data bus, for reducing the qubit counts within quantum computations (protected by surface codes). For general computations, an automated trade-off analysis (software tool and source code are open sourced and available online) is performed to determine to what degree qubit counts are reduced by the data bus: is the time penalty worth the qubit count reductions? We provide two examples where the qubit counts are convincingly reduced: 1) interaction of two surface code patches on NISQ machines with 28 and 68 qubits, and 2) very large-scale circuits with a structure similar to state-of-the-art quantum chemistry circuits. The data bus has the potential to transform all layers of the quantum computing stack (e.g., as envisioned by Google, IBM, Riggeti, Intel), because it simplifies quantum computation layouts, hardware architectures and introduces lower qubits counts at the expense of a reasonable time penalty.
Recent Advances in Non-Precious Metal Catalysis (2022)

This review provides a summary of recently published developments in the field of nonprecious metal catalysis (NPMC) and highlights the range of synthetic applications captured in published research between July and October 2021. This review is an installment of the review series on this research area briefing developments and highlights on the synthetic applications of Ni, Cu, Fe, and Co catalysis. There has been an evident increase in publications in NPMC, which indicates widespread interest among the research laboratories in academia and industry in the development and utilization of the catalytic applications of these metals.
Corneal Edema, Hyphema, and Angle Recession After Air Bag Inflation (1993)

Several recent reports have documented severe ocular trauma after air-bag inflation during motor vehicle accidents.1,2Scott et al2reported a case in which a patient sustained periorbital fractures, retinal tears, and lens subluxation during a single vehicle accident in which the driver's-side air bag inflated. We describe herein a patient who developed localized corneal edema, hyphema, and angle recession following trauma after air bag inflation during a motor vehicle accident. Report of a Case. A 51-year-old man, wearing a three-point lap-shoulder seat belt and driving a late-model Mazda RX7 was involved in a two-car frontal collision in which both vehicles' driver's-side air bags inflated. The approximate speed of the vehicles was 15 to 20 mph. The other driver, who was also restrained with a three-point lap-shoulder seat belt, was unhurt. The make and model of her vehicle were not known. Our patient sustained abrasions to the right side
Incorporation of metabolite prior knowledge for data analysis: biochemical implications of dynamic31P NMRex vivo pig liver studies (1999)

A semi-automated, metabolite prior-knowledge-based, lineshape fitting analysis has been developed to assess the dynamic biochemical changes found in ex vivo 31P NMR pig liver preservation studies. Due to the inherent experimental limitations of the ex vivo study and the complexity of the composite phosphorus resonances, metabolite information obtained in vitro was incorporated into the ex vivo analysis. This approach has allowed complete metabolite analysis (phosphomonoesters, inorganic phosphate, phosphodiesters and nucleotide triphosphates) in over 2000 spectra in a fraction of the time compared with more conventional analysis methods. The developed analysis will enable complete and rapid assessment of the biochemical changes in ongoing cold preservation studies of the pig liver which will result in thousands of ex vivo 31P NMR spectra. It is also envisaged that comparative studies on human donor livers will be carried out, in which this type of analysis would be the method of choice. Moreover, this kind of analysis approach could be advantageous in many complex in vivo NMR spectroscopy applications.