gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ESD reliability issues in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS): A case study on micromirrors (2008)

For the first time a study of electrostatically actuated torsional micromirrors under ESD stress is presented. Together with on-wafer ESD measurements their electrical and mechanical behavior under ESD stress is explained. HBM and MM measurements have been performed and their relevance in calculating the ESD failure level of the micromirrors is compared and discussed in detail. It is demonstrated that these optical MEMS devices have a high sensitivity to ESD and that they need ESD protection.
Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by sulphonamides (1948)

Research Article| January 01 1948 Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by sulphonamides H. A. Krebs H. A. Krebs 1Medical Research Council Unit for Research in Cell Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, University of Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1948) 43 (4): 525–528. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0430525 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation H. A. Krebs; Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by sulphonamides. Biochem J 1 January 1948; 43 (4): 525–528. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0430525 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1948 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1948 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
[Effect of apogossypolone on induction apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells and its mechanisms]. (2009)

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of apogossypolone (ApoG2) on proliferative inhibition and apoptotic induction of multiple myeloma cells and its mechanism. The effects of ApopG2 on cell growth, cell viability, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were determined by Hoechst 33258 staining, DNA ladder formation and subdiploid peak analysis respectively. Cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-9 was analyzed by colorimetric assay. Expression of BCL-2 and BCL-XL was detected by flow cytometry. The results indicated that the ApoG2 inhibited multiple myeloma cell proliferation in dose-and time-dependent manners, with IC(50) value to both U266 and Wusl cells at 0.1 and 0.2 micromol/L at 48 hours after treatment. ApoG2 effectively inhibited the proliferation of multiple myeloma cells, the IC(50) value in U266 cells and Wusl cells (at 48 hours) were 0.1 micromol/L and 0.2 micromol/L respectively. ApoG2 could induce the apoptosis of cells of myeloma in a time-dependent manner.The typical apoptotic morphological changes were observed under transmission electron microscope, while DNA ladder formation and remarkable peak of subdiploid cells appeared. ApoG2 could arrest the myeloma cells in G(2) phase, increasing from 9.7%(0 micromol/L) to 19.6% (10 micromol/L) in U266 cells and 9.8%(0 micromol/L) to 31.7% (10 micromol/L) in Wusl cells. ApoG2 could induce increase of caspase 9 and caspase 3 activity and down-regulate the expression of BCL-XL in U266 and Wusl cells, as well as the expression of BCL-2 in Wusl cells. It is concluded that ApoG2 has significant effect of antiproliferation and induction of apoptosis on multiple myeloma cells in vitro, ant its mechanisms may involve in down-regulation of BCL-2/BCL-XL and in change of cell cycle.
[Mitochondrial function and mitochondrial DNA in a series of 64 patients suspected of having mitochondrial myopathy]. (1991)

Biochemical results concerning 64 patients suspected of mitochondrial myopathies are presented. Four clinical groups were studied including 21 encephalomyopathies, 42 ocular myopathies, 8 isolated myopathies and 3 cardiomyopathies. In 26 cases, the coexistence of a normal mitochondrial DNA and a mutated mitochondrial DNA (heteroplasmy) was found (19 simple deletions, 4 multiple deletions and 3 punctual mutations) and all cases presented with ocular disorders (excepted 2 cases with MERRF). Furthermore, 1 complex I deficiency (1 ocular myopathy), 1 complex IV deficiency (1 adult encephalomyopathy type Leigh), 3 complexes I + IV deficiencies (2 cases with a cardiomyopathy and 1 familial MELAS) and 2 pyruvate (1 adult from of Leigh's encephalomyopathy) dehydrogenase deficiencies (clinically and genetically different) did not show evidence of mitochondrial DNA mutation.
Characterizing a strain-driven phase transition in VO2 (2010)

A crystal bending stage was developed for measuring the transport properties of a VO2 thin film under low-frequency dynamic strain. A compressive stress of ∼20 MPa, applied along the VO2 c-axis at frequencies of up to 1 kHz, resulted in a 25% resistance change in the film. It was found that the activation energy of the strain-driven metal-insulator transition scales with the width of resistance hysteresis as 0.030 eV/K. The effect of normalized strain on resistance was nearly two times larger than the effect of normalized temperature at the transition point.
Optimization of Cable Forces for Cable-stayed Bridges Based on the Influence Matrix Method (2011)

This paper introduces the influence matrix method to optimize the cable forces of cable-stayed bridges.Using the optimization module of ANSYS,the cable forces of a cable-stayed bridge is calculated and the feasibility and effectiveness of influence matrix method is verified.The introduction of influence matrix method for the determination of cable forces of cable-stayed bridge is proved to be satisfactory,and some valuable conclusions,which can be useful for the design and analysis of similar bridges,are presented lastly.
Cytoarchitectonic Maps of the Human Metathalamus in 3D Space (2022)

The human metathalamus plays an important role in processing visual and auditory information. Understanding its layers and subdivisions is important to gain insights in its function as a subcortical relay station and involvement in various pathologies. Yet, detailed histological references of the microanatomy in 3D space are still missing. We therefore aim at providing cytoarchitectonic maps of the medial geniculate body (MGB) and its subdivisions in the BigBrain - a high-resolution 3D-reconstructed histological model of the human brain, as well as probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps of the MGB and lateral geniculate body (LGB). Therefore, histological sections of ten postmortem brains were studied. Three MGB subdivisions (MGBv, MGBd, MGBm) were identified on every 5th BigBrain section, and a deep-learning based tool was applied to map them on every remaining section. The maps were 3D-reconstructed to show the shape and extent of the MGB and its subdivisions with cellular precision. The LGB and MGB were additionally identified in nine other postmortem brains. Probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps in the MNI "Colin27" and MNI ICBM152 reference spaces were computed which reveal an overall low interindividual variability in topography and extent. The probabilistic maps were included into the Julich-Brain atlas, and are freely available. They can be linked to other 3D data of human brain organization and serve as an anatomical reference for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic neuroimaging studies of healthy brains and patients. Furthermore, the high-resolution MGB BigBrain maps provide a basis for data integration, brain modeling and simulation to bridge the larger scale involvement of thalamocortical and local subcortical circuits.
Study of Second Harmonic Generation in a Channel Ti:LiNbO3 Optical Waveguide (1982)

Optical waveguides formed in nonlinear crystals provide the effective nonlinear interactions at comparatively low power light sources. This paper is concerned with the theoretical and experimental investigation of second harmonic generation (SHG) in a channel Ti:LiNbO 3 waveguide using He-Ne laser ( λ = 1.15 µm) as a fundamental light source.
General principles of antithetic variates (1956)

1. In (2) the idea of antithetic variates in Monte Carlo work is introduced and applied to the estimation of integrals. The present paper studies the general theoretical structure of antithetic variates. We have made only limited progress and present various unsolved problems as a challenge to the reader.
Supplementary Table 1, Figures 1-5 from Ability of Mature Dendritic Cells to Interact with Regulatory T Cells Is Imprinted during Maturation (2023)

Supplementary Table 1, Figures 1-5 from Ability of Mature Dendritic Cells to Interact with Regulatory T Cells Is Imprinted during Maturation
User Association and Path Planning for UAV-Aided Mobile Edge Computing with Energy Restriction (2019)

Mobile edge computing (MEC) provides computational services at the edge of networks by offloading tasks from user equipments (UEs). This letter employs an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as the edge computing server to execute offloaded tasks from the ground UEs. We jointly optimize user association, UAV trajectory, and uploading power of each UE to maximize sum bits offloaded from all UEs to the UAV, subject to energy constraint of the UAV and quality of service (QoS) of each UE. To address the non-convex optimization problem, we first decompose it into three subproblems that are solved with integer programming and successive convex optimization methods respectively. Then, we tackle the overall problem by the multi-variable iterative optimization algorithm. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a better performance than other baseline schemes.
Array regrouping and its use in compiling data-intensive embedded applications (2004)

One of the key challenges facing computer architects and compiler writers is the increasing discrepancy between processor cycle times and main memory access times. To alleviate this problem in array-intensive embedded signal and video processing applications, compilers may employ either control-centric transformations that change data access patterns of nested loops or data-centric transformations that modify memory layouts of multidimensional arrays. Most of the memory layout optimizations proposed so far either modify the layout of each array independently or are based on explicit data reorganizations at runtime. We focus on a compiler technique, called array regrouping, that automatically maps multiple arrays into a single data (array) space to improve data access pattern. We present a mathematical framework that enables us to systematically derive suitable mappings for a given array-intensive embedded application. The framework divides the arrays accessed in a given program into several groups and each group is independently layout-transformed to improve spatial locality and reduce the number of conflict misses. As compared to the previous approaches, the proposed technique makes two new contributions: 1) It presents a graph based formulation of the array regrouping problem and 2) it demonstrates potential benefits of this aggressive array-regrouping strategy in optimizing behavior of embedded systems. Extensive experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in cache miss rates and execution times. An important advantage of this approach over the previous techniques that target conflict misses is that it reduces conflict misses without increasing the data space requirements of the application being optimized. This is a very desirable property in many embedded/portable environments where data space requirements determine the minimum physical memory capacity. In addition to performance related issues, with the increased use of embedded/portable devices, improving energy efficiency of applications is becoming a critical issue. To develop a truly energy-efficient system, energy constraints should be taken into account early in the design process, i.e., at the source level in software compilation and behavioral level in hardware compilation. Source-level optimizations are particularly important in data-dominated media applications. We also show how our array regrouping strategy increases energy savings from using multiple low-power operating modes provided in current memory modules. Using a set of array-intensive benchmarks, we observe significant savings in memory system energy.
Effect of Aerosolized Fibrin Solution on Intraperitoneal Contamination (1991)

The potential deleterious effects of aerosolized fibrin on contaminated procedures were investigated in a rat model of peritonitis. One hundred forty rats were divided into two groups. In the control group, gelatin capsules containing feces (10(7) bacteria per milliliter) and barium sulfate at various dilutions were placed into the abdomen; in the second experimental group, a solution of cryoprecipitate, thrombin, and calcium was sprayed diffusely into the peritoneal cavity after similar fecal contamination. Fecal inocula with low bacterial concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 0.15 mL) caused few deaths from peritonitis or abscess formation in either group. Heavy peritoneal contamination (0.25, 0.3, and 0.5 mL) caused early deaths from peritonitis in both groups, with 80% of the deaths due to sepsis in the first 48 hours. However, in the moderately contaminated rats (0.2 mL of fecal inoculate), fibrin aerosol reduced the 10-day mortality from 80% to 10%. In all survivors in the fibrin-treated group, intraperitoneal abscesses developed. With intraperitoneal bacterial concentrations of 2 x 10(6) organisms, early acute mortality from fibrinopurulent peritonitis is decreased at the expense of late, localized, nonlethal abscess formation. Aerosolized fibrin solution must be used with caution in contaminated surgery.
Some Items of Interest to Process R&D Chemists and Engineers (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVHighlights from the ...Highlights from the LiteratureNEXTSome Items of Interest to Process R&D Chemists and EngineersMark McLaughlin, Matthew Pfeiffer, Andrei A. Zlota, and Trevor Laird*View Author Information Merck & Co. Inc.,Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A.E-mail: [email protected] Process R&D, PTD, Exelixis Inc.,South San Francisco, California 94080, U.S.A.E-mail: [email protected] The Zlota Company,Sharon, Massachusetts 02067-2858, U.S.A.E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Org. Process Res. Dev. 2009, 13, 5, 824–828Publication Date (Web):August 31, 2009Publication History Received14 August 2009Published online31 August 2009Published inissue 18 September 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/op900215mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/op900215marticle-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views4155Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (4 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Aldol reactions,Anions,Catalysts,Crystallization,Halogenation Get e-Alerts
Homodimeric cross-over structure of the human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) receptor signaling complex (2006)

A crystal structure of the signaling complex between human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) and a ligand binding region of GCSF receptor (GCSF-R), has been determined to 2.8 A resolution. The GCSF:GCSF-R complex formed a 2:2 stoichiometry by means of a cross-over interaction between the Ig-like domains of GCSF-R and GCSF. The conformation of the complex is quite different from that between human GCSF and the cytokine receptor homologous domain of mouse GCSF-R, but similar to that of the IL-6/gp130 signaling complex. The Ig-like domain cross-over structure necessary for GCSF-R activation is consistent with previously reported thermodynamic and mutational analyses.
Iron Catalysts for the Head-to-Head Dimerization of α-Olefins and Mechanistic Implications for the Production of Linear α-Olefins (2001)

A series of pyridine bis-imine iron catalysts previously reported for the oligomerization of ethylene and propylene are now reported as active catalysts for the dimerization of α-olefins to make linear internal olefins. The dimers possess up to 80% linearity, depending on the catalyst structure and the reaction conditions. The dimer byproducts consist almost exclusively of methyl-branched species and only traces of vinylidene (2-alkylalkene), trisubstituted, or α-olefin products. The linear dimers are formed by a unique mechanism that precludes the formation of multiple dimer products. The dimer content is verified by hydrogenation, which produces only a linear paraffin and a methyl-branched paraffin upon GC analysis. The dimer composition is also verified by 1H NMR, which shows >95% disubstituted internal olefin and less than 5% total vinylidene and trisubstituted olefin. Observations regarding the dimer structures are used to elucidate the structures of the branched α-olefin (BAO) byproducts that are made when ethylene is oligomerized by the same catalysts.
Isolation of Genes Mediating Resistance to Inhibitors of Nucleoside and Ergosterol Metabolism in Leishmania by Overexpression/Selection (1999)

We tested a general method for the identification of drug resistance loci in the trypanosomatid protozoan parasite Leishmania major. Genomic libraries in a multicopy episomal cosmid vector were transfected into susceptible parasites, and drug selections of these transfectant libraries yielded parasites bearing cosmids mediating resistance. Tests with two antifolates led to the recovery of cosmids encoding DHFR-TS or PTR1, two known resistance genes. Overexpression/selection using the toxic nucleoside tubercidin similarly yielded the TOR (toxic nucleoside resistance) locus, as well as a new locus (TUB2) conferring collateral hypersensitivity to allopurinol. Leishmania synthesize ergosterol rather than cholesterol, making this pathway attractive as a chemotherapeutic target. Overexpression/selection using the sterol synthesis inhibitors terbinafine (TBF, targeting squalene epoxidase) and itraconazole (ITZ, targeting lanosterol C(14)-demethylase) yielded nine new resistance loci. Several conferred resistance to both drugs; several were drug-specific, and two TBF-resistant cosmids induced hypersensitivity to ITZ. One TBF-resistant cosmid encoded squalene synthase (SQS1), which is located upstream of the sites of TBF and ITZ action in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. This suggests that resistance to "downstream" inhibitors can be mediated by increased expression of ergosterol biosynthetic intermediates. Our studies establish the feasibility of overexpression/selection in parasites and suggest that many Leishmania drug resistance loci are amenable to identification in this manner.
Macrophage phenotype and function are dependent upon the composition and biomechanics of the local cardiac tissue microenvironment (2021)

Macrophage accumulation and nitrosative stress are known mechanisms underlying age-related cardiovascular pathology and functional decline. The cardiac muscle microenvironment is known to change with age, yet the direct effects of these changes have yet to be studied in-depth. The present study sought to better elucidate the role that biochemical and biomechanical alterations in cardiac tissue have in the altered phenotype and functionality of cardiac resident macrophages observed with increasing age. To accomplish this, naïve bone marrow derived macrophages from young mice were seeded onto either functionalized poly-dimethyl-siloxane hydrogels ranging in stiffness from 2kPA to 64kPA or onto tissue culture plastic, both of which were coated with either young or aged solubilized mouse cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM). Both biomechanical and biochemical alterations were found to have a significant effect on macrophage polarization and function. Increased substrate stiffness was found to promote macrophage morphologies associated with pro-inflammatory macrophage activation, increased expression of pro-inflammatory inducible nitric oxide synthase protein with increased nitric oxide secretion, and attenuated arginase activity and protein expression. Additionally, exposure to aged cECM promoted attenuated responsivity to both canonical pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling cues when compared to young cECM treated cells. These results suggest that both biomechanical and biochemical changes in the cardiovascular system play a role in promoting the age-related shift towards pro-inflammatory macrophage populations associated with cardiovascular disease development.
Experimental studies of the deformation properties of frozen soils under static and dynamic loads (2020)

Abstract The results of experimental studies of the deformation properties of sand of different water saturation are presented. The studies were conducted for frozen and unfrozen sand in static and dynamic loading conditions. The medium in all cases exhibits nonlinear properties. Dynamic strain diagrams were obtained using the Kolsky method in the split Hopkinson rod system. Static compression tests of sand were carried out in an elastic cage with registration of lateral pressure. The dynamic strain diagrams differ markedly from the static ones for both frozen sand and unfrozen sand. The level of stress in dynamic compression is much higher than in static. The diagrams of static deformation of frozen and unfrozen dry sand practically coincide. With increasing water saturation, the stress level for frozen and unfrozen sand increases.
Deep learning based automatic volume control and limiter system (2017)

Automatic speech recognition is now playing an important role in volume control and adjustment of modern smart speakers. According to the recognition results by using the advanced deep neural network technology, this paper proposes an efficient processing system for automatic volume control (AVC) and limiter. The theoretical analyses, subjective and objective testing results show that the proposed processing system can offer a significant improvement for speech recognition performance during audio playback and improvement for audio playback performance in smart speakers. Driven by input data and audio contents, the proposed AVC is able to adaptively learn and track an effective signal level at the speed corresponding to the width of transient sound; the adaptation is frozen in the case of silence and noise periods. The proposed limiter measures the peaks and can guarantee that no peak will go over the predetermined peak threshold so as to avoid clipping and harmonic distortions.