gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiepileptic drug interactions in children (2005)

This chapter reviews the characteristics of the various interactions between the various antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), including those that are in development and what is presently known regarding their mechanism. It highlights the benefits this knowledge can offer to optimize the treatment for each type of epilepsy in children. A number of AEDs have been shown to be effective as monotherapy for various types of epilepsy, in which they may therefore be administered as first-line drug. In infancy, Dravet syndrome may worsen with the addition of carbamazepine (CBZ), phenobarbital (PB), lamotrigine (LTG), or vigabatrin (VGB). The coadministration of AED and chemotherapeutic drugs (CTD) may lead either to reduced activity or increased toxicity of an AED. Although the rule of monotherapy as the strategy of choice clearly applies to the majority of pediatric patients suffering from epilepsy, it remains difficult to maintain it for patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
Lesion strength control by automatic temperature guided retinal photocoagulation (2016)

Laser photocoagulation is an established treatment for a variety of retinal diseases. However, when using the same irradiation parameter, the size and strength of the lesions are unpredictable due to unknown inter- and intraindividual optical properties of the fundus layers. The aim of this work is to investigate a feedback system to generate desired lesions of preselectable strengths by automatically controlling the irradiation time. Optoacoustics were used for retinal temperature monitoring. A 532-nm continuous wave Nd:YAG laser was used for photocoagulation. A 75-ns/523-nm Q-switched Nd:YLF laser simultaneously excited temperature-dependent pressure transients, which were detected at the cornea by an ultrasonic transducer embedded in a contact lens. The temperature data were analyzed during the irradiation by a LabVIEW routine. The treatment laser was switched off automatically when the required lesion strength was achieved. Five different feedback control algorithms for different lesion sizes were developed and tested on rabbits in vivo. With a laser spot diameter of 133???m, five different lesion types with ophthalmoscopically visible diameters ranging mostly between 100 and 200???m, and different appearances were achieved by automatic exposure time control. The automatically controlled lesions were widely independent of the treatment laser power and the retinal pigmentation.
Improved Volume Localization for MRSI at 7T Using RF Shimming and RF Multiplexing (2013)

At 7T, increased spectral dispersion and decreased B1 results in increased spectral dispersion artifacts when using slice or slab selective pulses. Recent developments of RF shimming based localization using “ring” distributions generated solely by RF shimming eliminate spectral dispersion artifacts. However, with only 8 independent RF coils/RF channels, the ring distribution can reduce SNR for the neocortical periphery. In this work we describe an improved RF shimming based localization method using a 16 coil transceiver array and RF multiplexing to dramatically improve the selectivity of the ring distribution and preserve SNR for MRSI in the cortical periphery.
Computerised intelligence in small scale home networks and beyond : opportunities for energy efficiency: (2001)

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Cobiprostone Activates Human Bronchial Epithelial (HBE) Cell ClC‐2, but not CFTR (2015)

Objective HBE cells contain both ClC-2 and CFTR Cl- channels. The objective was to identify the Cl- channel in HBE cells that is activated by the prostone, cobiprostone (cobi) using knockdowns and differential inhibition using methadone (meth) and DASU-02. (Cuppoletti et al AJP Cell Physiol 307: C479, 2014). Methods: Cl- currents were measured by whole cell patch clamp of hClC-2/293EBNA cells, hCFTR/HEK293 cells as well as HBE cells with either CFTR or ClC-2 knocked down (HBE CFTR KD & HBE ClC-2 KD cells). Effects of cobi or forskolin/IBMX (F/I) followed by the inhibitors meth (1 µM) and DASU-02 (100 µM) were examined. Western blot confirmed absence of ClC-2 in HBE ClC-2 KD cells. Results: ClC-2 Cl- currents in hClC-2/293EBNA and HBE CFTR KD cells were inwardly rectified, activated by cobi (EC50's37.8± 3.0 and 25.6 ± 5.6 nM respectively) or F/I and inhibited by meth but not DASU-02. The cobi response was PKA independent since 0.4 µM myristoylated PKI (PKA inhibitor) had no effect. CFTR Cl- currents in hCFTR/HEK293 and HBE ClC-2 KD cells did not respond to cobi but were activated by F/I with a linear I/V and inhibited by DASU-02 but not meth. Conclusions In hClC-2/293 EBNA and HBE CFTR KD cells cobi or F/I potently activated ClC-2 Cl- currents in a meth-sensitive, DASU-02- and PKA-insensitive manner. In hCFTR/HEK293 and HBE ClC-2 KD cells CFTR was unaffected by cobi, but activated by F/I in a DASU-02-sensitive, meth-insensitive manner. These responses distinguish between ClC-2 and CFTR in epithelial (or other) cells that contain both Cl- channels. It is essential to understand that F/I activates both hClC-2 and hCFTR. Cobi activates recombinant and HBE cell ClC-2, but not CFTR. Cobi activation of hClC-2 may be useful in a variety of diseases including cystic fibrosis.
PET as a plastic substrate for the flexible optoelectronic applications (2011)

In this paper, different techniques are used for characterization the structural, thermal and optical properties of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The PET substrate was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV spectrophotometer, respectively. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the proper phase formation of the material. The high transmission in the visible range makes this PET substrate suitable and useful such as optoelectronic and other thin film applications.
Attraction of Female Lesser Wax Moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Male-Produced and Artificial Sounds (1984)

Virgin female lesser wax moths, Achroia grisella (F.), released inside a greenhouse 3.5 m from each of six pairs of baits were caught in sticky traps and counted. The number of female moths caught in each trap determined the relative attractiveness of the following baits: intact males producing sound and pheromone, muted males producing pheromone, muted males and 72-kHz synthesized sound, and the synthesized sound alone. Intact males attracted the highest percentage of virgin females (78%), whereas muted males plus 72-kHz sound attracted 66% of virgin females. Whether paired against an empty cage or against muted males, synthesized sound attracted 31 to 32% of the virgin females released. Only 6% or less of the females were trapped near muted males. Groups of intact males out competed single males.
Microwave‐Mediated Reactions of 3‐Aminomethylpyridines with Acetylenedicarboxylates. A Novel Synthetic Route to Dihydronaphthyridines and Naphthyridine‐1‐ones. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a influences mammary epithelial cell survival and tumorigenesis. (1999)

The mammary gland undergoes extensive tissue remodeling and cell death at the end of lactation in a process known as involution. We present evidence that the prolactin-activated transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a (Stat5a) has a crucial role in the regulation of cell death during mammary gland involution. In a transforming growth factor-alpha transgenic mouse model that exhibited delayed mammary gland involution, the absence of Stat5a facilitated involution-associated changes in morphology of the gland and the extent and timing of programmed cell death. These Stat5a-dependent changes also affected epidermal growth factor receptor-initiated mammary gland tumorigenesis. Overexpression of the transforming growth factor alpha transgene in the mammary epithelium reproducibly generated mammary hyperplasia and tumors. In the presence of the activated epidermal growth factor receptor, deletion of Stat5a delayed initial hyperplasia and mammary tumor development by 6 weeks. These observations demonstrate that Stat5a is a survival factor, and its presence is required for the epithelium of the mammary gland to resist regression and involution-mediated apoptosis. We also suggest that Stat5a is one of the antecedent, locally acting molecules that initiate the process of epithelial regression and reorganization during involution.
Seismic Refraction Data Processing Software: SEISMO Version 2.7 (1990)

Abstract : A software package entitled SEISMO has been developed to perform seismic refraction data reduction, interpretation, and presentation. The software package will do both forward and inverse modeling of refraction data, calculation of results, display of results, and final report figure presentation of results. The basic concepts of seismic refraction surveying and the procedures for forward and inverse modeling of refraction data are presented. In addition, several case histories of data processed with the soft package are presented. Keywords: Engineering geophysics, Army Corps of Engineering, User manuals, Menu.
Toll-like receptor family: receptors essential for microbial recognition and immune responses (2003)

Apoptosis is a principal mechanism in metazoans by which superfluous or potentially harmful cells are eliminated. Deregulation of this process leads to a variety of diseases such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Stimuli that can induce apoptosis are relatively diverse, and include the death factors (Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor and TRAIL), DNA damage, and oxidative stress. Regardless of the origin of the apoptotic stimulus, commitment to apoptosis leads to activation of caspases, a family of cysteine proteases. Cleavage of a select group of cellular substrates by caspases is responsible for the morphological and biochemical changes that characterize apoptotic cell death. The degradation of nuclear DNA into nucleosomal units is one of the features of apoptotic cell death, and is mediated by a caspase-activated DNase (CAD). Cells deficient in CAD undergo cell death without the DNA fragmentation, but CAD-null mice did not show any adverse phenotypes. A close examination of the apoptotic cells in these mice indicated that apoptotic cells are always in macrophages. It seems that at an early stage of apoptosis, the dying cells present an 'eat me signal' on their surface. This signal is recognized by macrophages for engulfment, and DNase II in the lysosomes of macrophages degrades DNA of apoptotic cells. Mice deficient in both CAD and DNase II genes were established, and the development of various organs was found to be severely impaired in these mutant mice. The mice accumulated a large amount of undigested DNA in macrophages in various tissues during development. This accumulation of DNA in macrophages activated the innate immunity to induce the expression of the interferon gene. The interferon thus produced seems to be responsible for the impaired tissue development. These results indicate that the degradation of DNA during apoptotic cell death is an essential step of apoptosis to maintain mammalian homeostasis.
Retrograde amnesia (2001)

In humans, the phenomenon of temporally graded retrograde amnesia has been described in the clinic and the laboratory for more than 100 years. In the 1990s, retrograde amnesia began to be studied prospectively in experimental animals. We identified 13 published studies in which animals were given equivalent training at two or more separate times before damage to the fornix or hippocampal formation. Eleven of these studies found temporally graded retrograde amnesia, with the extent of amnesia ranging from several days to a month or two. We consider these studies and also suggest why temporally graded retrograde amnesia has sometimes not been observed. Although the evidence in favor of temporally graded retrograde amnesia is substantial, the inference from this work, that memory is reorganized as time passes, is rather vague and depends on mechanisms yet to be identified. It is therefore encouraging that many opportunities exist for moving beyond purely descriptive studies to studies that involve treatments or manipulations directed toward yielding information about mechanisms.
Results of a Survey of the National Psoriasis Foundation Medical Board on the Management of Ear Psoriasis (2019)

Background: There is limited literature on the occurrence and management of psoriasis involving the ear. Objective: To better understand psoriasis of the ear and current approaches for management. Methods: The Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation was surveyed on the frequency and presentation of psoriasis of the ear, the types of examinations performed, and the rationale for choice of treatment. Results: In this survey, the observed frequency of ear psoriasis was wide (10%-70%). The scalp was the most common concurrent site of extra-auricular psoriasis. Inspection of the ear was commonly reported; however, 75% of respondents report not inspecting the canal. Topical corticosteroids were the most commonly used treatment. Systemic and biologic therapies are infrequently used. Limitations: This study is limited by the sample size of respondents. Not every question of the survey was answered by all those surveyed. Conclusions: Results from our survey suggest that the evaluation of psoriasis of the ear is often not complete. Inspection of the ear, including the canal, is recommended, especially if the scalp is involved. Routine inspection of the ear is recommended both to evaluate treatment response and for potential adverse side effects. In the setting of persistent ear disease, collaboration between dermatologists and otolaryngologists is encouraged.
A novel high-field/high-frequency EPR and ENDOR spectrometer operating at 3 mm wavelength (1992)

A high-field/high-frequency EPR and ENDOR system operating at 3 mm wavelength is described. The probe-head designs of two different resonator types, i.e. an open Fabry-Perot resonator and a cylindrical TE011 cavity, are presented in detail. The advantages and limitations of high-field/high-frequency EPR and ENDOR spectroscopy are demonstrated for selected examples. The performance data of the spectrometer suggest that it will be very useful for broad applications in physics, chemistry and biology.
L-myc Cooperates with ras to Transform Primary Rat Embryo Fibroblasts (1988)

Recent molecular analysis has revealed that L-myc has several domains of extremely conserved amino acid sequence homology with c-myc and N-myc, suggesting similarity of function. We tested the biologic activity of L-myc by using an expression vector containing a cDNA clone coding for the major open reading frame in the 3.9-kilobase mRNA of L-myc under the control of a strong promoter (Moloney long terminal repeat) and found that L-myc complemented an activated ras gene in transforming primary rat embryo fibroblasts. However, the efficiency of transformation was 1 to 10% of that seen with the c-myc and simian virus 40 (SV40) controls. The L-myc/ras transformants initially grew more slowly than c-myc or SV40 transformants, but once established as continuous cell lines, they were indistinguishable from cell lines derived from c-myc/ras or SV40/ras transfectants as determined by morphology, soft-agar cloning, and tumorigenicity in nude mice.
A Predictive Random Forest Model on Hospital 30-DayReadmission using Electronic Health Records (2012)

Abstract A Predictive Random Forest Model on Hospital
30-Day Readmission using Electronic Health Records BACKGROUND:
Previous studies have employed logistic regression to predict
readmission rates and to identify risk factors for readmissions at
hospitals. Hospital readmission rates remain high. OBJECTIVE: To
classify patients of 10 diverse subpopulations from Emory hospitals
into groups of different 30-day readmission risks using 5-year
electronic health records and to validate the applicability of
Random Forest on hospital readmission predictions. METHODS: The
information from the 5-year electronic health records at all three
Emory hospitals was aggregated into categorical variables and new
variables capturing temporal features were also derived. Random
Forest algorithms with 10, 50, or 100 trees were used for model
construction. Ranking according to the predicted readmission
probabilities by the Random Forest models classified patients into
groups of different readmission risks. RESULTS: The risk ranking
strategy using Random Forest models successfully separated patients
into different risk groups for all 10 subpopulations: cancer,
chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
diabetes, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary
hypertension, sickle cell anemia, stroke, and history of
transplant. Misclassification rates for the top (predicted as
readmitted) and bottom (predicted as not readmitted) 10%
patient subpopulations by risk ranking were also calculated. The
models appear to be most effective for stroke patients and least
effective for transplant patients. For stroke patients, the
readmission rates of patients who are ranked at â�¥90%, 75%-90%,
50%-75%, 25%-50%, 10%-25%, and â�¤ 10% are 55%, 13%, 11%, 5%, 3%,
and 1%, respectively, compared to the baseline readmission rate of
12%. For transplant patients, the readmission rates of patients who
are ranked at â�¥90%, 75%-90%, 50%-75%, 25%-50%, 10%-25%, and â�¤
10% are 43%, 32%, 24%, 18%, 12%, and 15%, respectively, compared to
the baseline readmission rate of 23%.
Multi-scale investigation of the formation and breakdown of passive films on carbon steel rebar in concrete (2010)

lnternet, preter, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou autres formats.
Reduced spatial learning in mice infected with the nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus (1995)

Parasite modification of host behaviour influences a number of critical responses, but little is known about the effects on host spatial abilities. This study examined the effects of infection with the intestinal trichostrongylid nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, on spatial water maze learning by male laboratory mice, Mus musculus. In this task individual mice had to learn the spatial location of a submerged hidden platform using extramaze visual cues. Determinations of spatial performance were made on day 19 post-infection with mice that had been administered either 50 or 200 infective larvae of H. polygyrus. The infected mice displayed over 1 day of testing (6 blocks of 4 trials) significantly poorer acquisition and retention of the water maze task than either sham-infected or control mice, with mice that had received 200 infective larvae displaying significantly poorer spatial performance than individuals receiving 50 larvae. The decrease in spatial learning occurred in the absence of either any symptoms of illness and malaise, or any evident motor, visual and motivational impairments. It is suggested that in this single host system the parasitic infection-induced decrease in spatial learning arises as a side-effect of the host's immunological and neuromodulatory responses and represents a fitness cost of response to infection.
Performance Improvement of the One-Dot Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Aflatoxin B1 by Using a Smartphone-Based Reading System (2013)

This study was conducted to develop a simple, rapid, and accurate lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) detection method for point-of-care diagnosis. The one-dot LFIA for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was based on the modified competitive binding format using competition between AFB1 and colloidal gold-AFB1-BSA conjugate for antibody binding sites in the test zone. A Smartphone-based reading system consisting of a Samsung Galaxy S2 Smartphone, a LFIA reader, and a Smartphone application for the image acquisition and data analysis. The detection limit of one-dot LFIA for AFB1 is 5 μg/kg. This method provided semi-quantitative analysis of AFB1 samples in the range of 5 to 1,000 μg/kg. Using combination of the one-dot LFIA and the Smartphone-based reading system, it is possible to conduct a more fast and accurate point-of-care diagnosis.
Oxfendazole mediates macrofilaricidal efficacy against the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis in vivo and inhibits Onchocerca spec. motility in vitro (2020)

A major impediment to eliminate lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis is the lack of effective short-course macrofilaricidal drugs or regimens that are proven to be safe for both infections. In this study we tested oxfendazole, an anthelmintic shown to be well tolerated in phase 1 clinical trials. In vitro, oxfendazole exhibited modest to marginal motility inhibition of adult worms of Onchocerca gutturosa, pre-adult worms of Onchocerca volvulus and Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae. In vivo, five days of oral treatments provided sterile cure with up to 100% macrofilaricidal efficacy in the murine Litomosoides sigmodontis model of filariasis. In addition, 10 days of oral treatments with oxfendazole inhibited filarial embryogenesis in patent L. sigmodontis-infected jirds and subsequently led to a protracted but complete clearance of microfilaremia. The macrofilaricidal effect observed in vivo was selective, as treatment with oxfendazole of microfilariae-injected naïve mice was ineffective. Based on pharmacokinetic analysis, the driver of efficacy is the maintenance of a minimal efficacious concentration of approximately 100 ng/ml (based on subcutaneous treatment at 25 mg/kg in mice). From animal models, the human efficacious dose is predicted to range from 1.5 to 4.1 mg/kg. Such a dose has already been proven to be safe in phase 1 clinical trials. Oxfendazole therefore has potential to be efficacious for treatment of human filariasis without causing adverse reactions due to drug-induced microfilariae killing.
Statistical geometry of cavities in a metastable confined fluid (2000)

The statistical geometry of cavities in a confined Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid is investigated with the focus on metastable states in the vicinity of the stability limit of the liquidlike state. For a given configuration of molecules, a cavity is defined as a connected region where there is sufficient space to accommodate an additional molecule. By means of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, we generated a series of equilibrium stable and metastable states along the adsorption-desorption isotherm of the LJ fluid in a slit-shaped pore of ten molecular diameters in width. The geometrical parameters of the cavity distributions were studied by Voronoi-Delaunay tessellation. We show that the cavity size distribution in liquidlike states, characterized by different densities, can be approximated by a universal log-normal distribution function. The mean void volume increases as the chemical potential &mgr; and, correspondingly, the density decreases. The surface-to-volume relation for individual cavities fulfills the three-dimensional scaling S(cav)=gV(2/3)(cav) with the cavity shape factor g=8.32-9.55. The self-similarity of cavities is observed over six orders of magnitude of the cavity volumes. In the very vicinity of the stability limit, &mgr;-->&mgr;(sl), large cavities are formed. These large cavities are ramified with a fractal-like surface-to-volume relation, S(cav) approximately V(cav). Better statistics are needed to check if these ramified cavities are similar to fragments of a spanning percolation cluster. At the limit of stability, the cavity volume fluctuations are found to diverge as (<V(2)(cav)>-<V(cav)>(2)) approximately [(&mgr;-&mgr;(sl))/kT](-gamma(c)) with the exponent gamma(c) approximately 0.93. This exponent can be referred to as the cavity pseudocritical exponent, in analogy with the other pseudocritical exponents characterizing the divergence of thermodynamic quantities at the spinodal point.