gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular studies of cytoplasmic male sterility in maize (1988)

Abstract A few extra genes that are not found in the mitochondria of other organisms are encoded by plant mitochondrial genomes. Current evidence suggests that the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) trait of maize is due to mitochondrial gene mutations. In the sterile maize (CMS-T) a unique mitochondrial gene, designated urf/13-T, appears to cause CMS and susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Helminthosporium maydisrace T, and its pathotoxin, T-toxin. The urf13-T gene encodes a 13 kDa polypeptide that is located in the mitochondrial membrane. In CMS-T two nuclear restorer genes, Rf1 and Rf2, countermand the CMS trait and restore viable pollen production. The Rf1 locus appears to contribute to pollen restoration by reducing the expression of the 13 kDa protein. The function of the Rf2gene is unknown. T-toxin and the insecticide methomyl inhibit respiration of mitochondria from CMS-T but not from other maize cytoplasms. When the urf13-T gene is transformed into E. colicells and expressed, bacterial respiration is inhibited by both T-toxin and methomyl. Respiration is not inhibited by these compounds in the absence of the 13 kDa protein or with a truncated version of the protein. These studies indicate that the 13 kDa protein is responsible for conferring sensitivity to T-toxin and methomyl. The male-sterile cytoplasm, CMS-C, contains mutations of the mitochondrial genes atp9, atp6 and cox II. These mutations have resulted from rearrangements involving portions of mitochondrial genes and chloroplast DNA. One of these gene mutations may be responsible for CMS; however, we currently have no evidence confirming this possibility. Nevertheless, it is clear that different factors cause male sterility in CMS-T and CMS-C because the urf13-T gene is only found in CMS-T.
Energy Distribution of Field Emitted Charged Particles during Beam Propagation (1998)

The energy distribution during beam propagation in a diode space has been calculated quantitatively for cold cathode electrons and liquid metal ions. Especially, the energy spread and the peak energy shift dependence on the emission surface temperture for liquid gallium ions are verified to be the order of 1 eV even for a temperature increment of ∼100 K.
Studies of picosecond carrier dynamics in polysilane alloys: Evidence for geminate recombination in small hydrogenated amorphous silicon clusters (1990)

The ultrafast photocarrier dynamics in polysilane alloys, amorphous (SiH2)n, has been studied using the picosecond photoinduced absorption (PA) technique. For excitation below the optical gap, the PA response decays exponentially and is faster at low temperatures. This is interpreted in terms of e-h geminate recombination in the small clusters (∼10 Å) of a-Si:H embedded in the polysilane matrix. The PA response with above-gap excitation is similar to that of conventional a-Si:H; it decays much slower in the form of a power law t −β (β&amp;lt;1), independent of spectral range between 1.4 and 2.2 eV. This shows that the e-h distance after above-gap photogeneration is larger than the size of the a-Si:H clusters.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Primary Melanoma of the CNS in Children Is Driven by Congenital Expression of Oncogenic <i>NRAS</i> in Melanocytes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends PDF file - 92K, This file contains the Figure legends to Supplementary Figures 1-5&lt;/p&gt;
High pressure range of the addition of HO to HO, NO, NO2, and CO. I. Saturated laser induced fluorescence measurements at 298 K (1995)

Saturated laser induced fluorescence is used for the sensitive detection of radicals in high pressure gases. The method and its application to a series of addition reactions of HO radicals in the high pressure regime are described. Experiments between 1 and 150 bar of the bath gas He allow for falloff extrapolations to the high pressure limit of the recombination reactions. Limiting rate constants (in cm3 molecule−1 s−1) of 2.2×10−11 for HO+HO→H2O2, of 3.3×10−11 for HO+NO→HONO, of 7.5×10−11 for HO+NO2→HONO2, and of 9.7×10−13 for HO+CO→HOCO (and H+CO2) are derived at 298 K.
The Two-Sample Problem with Regression Errors : An Empirical Process Approach (2005)

We describe how to test the null hypothesis that errors from two parametrically specified regression models have the same distribution versus a general alternative. First we obtain the asymptotic properties of teststatistics derived from the difference between the two residual-based empirical distribution functions. Under the null distribution they are not asymptotically distribution free and, hence, a consistent bootstrap procedure is proposed to compute critical values. As an alternative, we describe how to perform the test with statistics based on martingale-transformed empirical processes, which are asymptotically distribution free. Some Monte Carlo experiments are performed to compare the behaviour of all statistics with moderate sample sizes.
Effect of phase imbalance on the mm-wave signal in the DWDM-RoF system (2022)

Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) and radio over fiber (RoF) are promising technologies that are able to provide unlimited transmission capacity, which meets the growing demands of bandwidth in communication systems. In this paper, an architecture for DWDM-RoF access networks uses a single Mach Zehnder modulator (MZM) to generate the mm-wave signal. This paper aims to study the effect of phase imbalance on the mm-wave signal to reduce the insertion loss in the system. It is found that the phase imbalance affects the insertion loss. The phase imbalance can be controlled by adjusting the injected phase, and the best result is collected at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{\pi \big /3}$</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{5\pi \big /12}$</tex> phases.
Deliberate practice on virtual reality laparoscopic simulator improves quality of surgical skills (2009)

Crochet, Patrice MD; Aggarwal, Rajesh PhD; Dubb, Sukhpreet; Ziprin, Paul MD; Rajaretnam, Niroshini; Grantcharov, Teodor PhD; Ericsson, Anders K. PhD; Darzi, Ara MD, FACS Author Information
Configuración y transfiguración del poder: <i>Escuela de mandarines</i> de Miguel Espinosa (2014)

El pensamiento literario de Miguel Espinosa gira en torno al discurso del Poder, que revela la sociedad española durante el franquismo. Escuela de mandarines, la obra más representativa del autor murciano, narra en forma de ensayo la omnipresencia del Poder. El presente estudio propone analizar la configuración y transfiguración del Poder desde tres perspectivas. Dada la complejidad de la estructura narrativa, la ambición por abarcar diversos géneros y recrear detalles de manera enciclopédica, muestra tanto un intento de universalismo como un efecto de reduccionismo irónico. Aparte de ello, el lenguaje con el que se relata la historia se considera una forma de arreglar las cuentas por medio de la exégesis y manifestaciones. El libro total, repleto de parodias, esboza un mundo antiutópico en que el retorno de la represión del Poder desemboca en la desesperanza.
Inhalation Drug Delivery (2013)

List of contributors xi Series foreword xiii Preface xv 1 Inhalation drug delivery 1 Daniela Traini 2 Inhalation and nasal products 15 Daniela Traini and Paul M. Young 3 Formulation of inhalation medicines 31 Daniela Traini and Paul M. Young 4 Novel particle production technologies for inhalation products 47 Hak-Kim Chan and Philip Chi Lip Kwok 5 Methods for understanding, controlling, predicting, and improving drug product performance 63 David A. V. Morton 6 Aerodynamic assessment for inhalation products: fundamentals and current pharmacopoeial methods 91 Francesca Buttini, Gaia Colombo, Philip Chi Lip Kwok and Wong Tin Wui 7 Proteins, peptides, and controlled-release formulations for inhalation 121 Philip Chi Lip Kwok, Rania Osama Salama and Hak-Kim Chan 8 Pharmaceutical development studies for inhalation products 145 Gaia Colombo, Chiara Parlati and Paola Russo 9 Quality of inhalation products: specifications 169 Paolo Colombo, Francesca Buttini and Wong Tin Wui Index.
Addition of Allopurinol for Altering Thiopurine Metabolism to Optimize Therapy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2017)

Thiopurine drugs, including azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine, are used commonly in patients with inflammatory bowel disease for maintenance of remission. Although generally well tolerated, adverse effects lead to discontinuation in a significant minority of patients. Pharmacogenomic studies have suggested that metabolic breakdown of azathioprine in an individual is genetically determined. Coupled with the fact that certain thiopurine metabolites, notably 6-thioguanine nucleotide and 6-methylmercaptopurine, are associated with antiinflammatory effects and adverse effects, respectively, some investigators have examined intentionally shunting the metabolism of azathioprine toward increasing 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels by using low doses of the xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor allopurinol to improve efficacy and decrease toxicity of azathioprine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We performed a search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases for basic and clinical research reports of this modality. Pertinent articles were retrieved, reviewed, and assessed by the authors. Case series, cohort studies, and one randomized trial have investigated adding allopurinol to azathioprine therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Most reports primarily examined metabolite levels in these patients. In general, the literature suggests that this modality was successful at significantly increasing 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels while decreasing 6-methylmercaptopurine levels. Several small reports have suggested that patients with increased 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels had improved symptoms or symptom remission. Adverse effects and discontinuation rates remained similar or were improved in patients who were taking a thiopurine and started allopurinol. In conclusion, the addition of allopurinol may be an option for optimizing thiopurine metabolite production in select patients with low 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels. Appropriate care and monitoring of these patients are mandatory to prevent neutropenia or other adverse effects.
Topographical interpretation of vacuum-deposited fine metallic particles (1979)

Abstract Morphological features of vacuum–deposited gold particles are investigated. It is shown that the use of bright–field imaging techniques is inadequate for assessing these features but that unambiguous topographical information can be obtained through the use of a weak–beam dark-field technique. Coalesced gold particles deposited on KC1 substrates are shown to be facetted except when undergoing ooalesoence.
Modulation of Gene Expression Profile and In Vivo Anti-Myeloma Activity Induced by Valproic Acid, a Histone Deacytylase Inhibitor. (2007)

Abstract Valproic acid (VPA) is a well-tolerated anticonvulsant drug that has been recently recognized as powerful histone deacetylase (HDCA) inhibitor. VPA induces hyperacetylation of histone H3 and H4 and inhibits both class I and II HDCACs. Recently it has been shown that VPA exerts in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity against solid cancers and its in vitro anti-Multiple Myeloma (MM) activity has been previously reported. However, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Here we have investigated molecular changes induced by VPA as well as its in vivo activity in murine models of MM. We first studied the in vitro activity of VPA against IL-6 independent as well as IL-6 dependent MM cells. A time- and dose-dependent decrease in proliferation and survival of MM cell lines was observed (IC50 in the range of 1–3 mM). Gene expression profile following treatment with VPA at 2 and 5 mM showed down-regulation of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA replication and transcription as well as up-regulation of genes implicated in apoptosis and chemokine pathways. The signaling pathway analysis performed by Ingenuity Systems Software identified the cell growth, cell cycle, cell death as well as DNA replication and repair as the most important networks modulated by VPA treatment. We next evaluated the in vivo activity of VPA using two xenograft models of human MM. A cohort of SCID mice bearing subcutaneous MM1s or OPM1 were treated i.p. daily with VPA (200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg, n=5 mice, respectively), or vehicle alone (n=5 mice) for 16 consecutive days. Tumors were measured every 2 days, and survival was calculated using the Kaplan Mayer method. Following VPA treatment, we found a significant (p=0.006) inhibition of tumor growth in mice bearing subcutaneous MM-1s cells treated with VPA at 200 mg/kg compared to control group, which translated into a significant (p= 0.002) survival advantage in the VPA treated animals. Similar results were obtained in animals bearing subcutaneous OPM1 cells. Flow cytometry analysis performed on retrieved tumor tissues from animals showed reduction of G2-M and S phase in tumor specimens following VPA treatment, versus untreated tumors, strongly suggesting in vivo effects of VPA on cell cycle regulation. Taken together, our data demonstrate the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity of VPA, delineate potential molecular targets triggered by this agent and provide a preclinical rationale for its clinical evaluation, both as a single agent or in combination, to improve patient outcome in MM.
Fungus-mediated biosynthesis of silica and titania particles (2005)

The synthesis of inorganic materials by biological systems is characterized by processes that occur at close to ambient temperatures, pressures and neutral pH. This is exemplified by biosilicification in marine organisms such as diatoms while laboratory-based synthesis of silica involves extreme temperature and pH conditions. We show here that silica and titania particles may be produced by challenging the fungus Fusarium oxysporum with aqueous anionic complexes SiF62− and TiF62− respectively. Extra-cellular protein-mediated hydrolysis of the anionic complexes results in the facile room temperature synthesis of crystalline titania particles while calcination at 300 °C is required for crystallization of silica.
Thematic review series: The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. An interpretive history of the cholesterol controversy: part II:the early evidence linking hypercholesterolemia to coronary disease in humans (2004)

The first in this series of historical reviews dealt with the pioneering animal model work of Anitschkow, implicating blood cholesterol in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and the pivotally important work of Gofman, providing evidence that lipoprotein-bound cholesterol was a major factor in the human disease. This second installment reviews the early lines of evidence linking hypercholesterolemia in humans to the progression of atherosclerosis and the risk of coronary heart disease. The argument is made that by 1970, the evidence was already strong enough to justify intervention to lower blood cholesterol levels if all the available lines of evidence had been taken into account. Yet, it would be almost two decades before lowering blood cholesterol levels became a national public health goal. Some of the reasons the "cholesterol controversy" continued in the face of powerful evidence supporting intervention are discussed.
Butyrate and related epigenetic changes link Parkinson’s disease to inflammatory bowel disease and depressive symptoms (2021)

Abstract Background The gut microbiome and its metabolites can impact brain health and are altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. It has been recently demonstrated that PD patients have reduced fecal levels of the potent epigenetic modulator butyrate and its bacterial producers. Here, we investigate whether the changes in the gut microbiome and associated metabolites are linked to PD symptoms and epigenetic markers in leucocytes and neurons. Methods Stool, whole blood samples, and clinical data were collected from 55 PD patients and 55 controls. We performed DNA methylation analysis on whole blood samples and analyzed the results in relation to fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and microbiota composition. In another cohort, prefrontal cortex neurons were isolated from control and PD brains. We identified the genome-wide DNA methylation by targeted bisulfite sequencing. Results We show that lower fecal butyrate and reduced Roseburia, Romboutsia , and Prevotella counts are linked to depressive symptoms in PD patients. Genes containing butyrate-associated methylation sites include PD risk genes and significantly overlap with sites epigenetically altered in PD blood leucocytes, predominantly neutrophils, and in brain neurons, relative to controls. Moreover, butyrate-associated methylated-DNA (mDNA) regions in PD overlap with those altered in gastrointestinal, autoimmune, and psychiatric diseases. Conclusions Decreased levels of bacterially produced butyrate are linked to epigenetic changes in leucocytes and neurons from PD patients, and to the severity of their depressive symptoms. PD shares common butyrate-dependent epigenetic changes with certain gastrointestinal and psychiatric disorders, which could be relevant for their epidemiological linkage.
DIPG-76. HISTONE H3 PHOSPHORYLATION IN H3K27M MIDLINE GLIOMAS (2020)

Abstract Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) patients have a dire prognosis despite radiation therapy and there is an urgent need to develop more effective treatments. DMG are characterized by heterozygous mutations in select H3 genes resulting in the replacement of lysine 27 by methionine (K27M) that leads to global epigenetic reprogramming and drives tumorigenesis. We previously reported that pharmacological inhibition of aurora kinase (AKI) may represent a targeted approach for treating tumors with this mutation. Our analysis with both published dataset and patient samples showed that patients with higher aurora kinase A (AKA) expression were associated with worse survival. AKA phosphorylates H3S10 and H3S28 during mitosis. Intriguingly, phosphorylation of the H3S28 (H3S28ph) by AKA blocks PRC2 methyltransferase activity and decreases global H3K27me3 in certain stem cells. We propose that a similar mechanism occurs in H3K27M DMG tumors, where there is a reciprocal relationship between H3S28ph and H3K27me3. We found that AKI significantly decreases H3S28ph while increasing H3K27me3 specifically in H3K27M tumors. To further evaluate the link between the H3K27M mutation and H3 serine phosphorylation, we used CRISPR/Cas9-directed gene editing to silence H3S28ph by replacing serine with alanine (H3S28A) in DIPG cell lines. Ectopic expression of histone H3S28A leads to a prominent epigenetic changes in H3K27M tumors and is similar to AKA inhibition. Overall, this study highlights H3S28ph, one of the targets of AK, is a key driver of epigenetic changes in H3K27M tumors through both direct and indirect changes to H3K27me3 and H3K27ac across the genome.
Block Compressed Sensing of Natural Images (2007)

Compressed sensing (CS) is a new technique for simultaneous data sampling and compression. In this paper, we propose and study block compressed sensing for natural images, where image acquisition is conducted in a block-by-block manner through the same operator. While simpler and more efficient than other CS techniques, the proposed scheme can sufficiently capture the complicated geometric structures of natural images. Our image reconstruction algorithm involves both linear and nonlinear operations such as wiener filtering, projection onto the convex set and hard thresholding in the transform domain. Several numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed block CS compares favorably with existing schemes at a much lower implementation cost.
Investigation of magnetic guiding of laser plasmas for thin film deposition (2002)

Summary form only given. One complication with pulsed laser deposition of thin films is the inclusion of micron and submicron size debris particles from the source material. These particles arise from the release of solid material and liquid droplets from the shock wave produced by the laser produced plasma. In some cases these inclusions lead to undesirable defects, reducing the quality of the resultant coating. We have proposed the application of a curved magnetic field to guide the laser produced plasma and direct it to the coating surface while using a set of baffles to stop the particles which are not guided by the magnetic field from reaching the target. In order to do so a magnetic field of several kilogauss is required to capture and deflect the plasma which is moving with a velocity on the order of several times 10/sup 6/ cm s/sup -1/ around a curved trajectory. An experimental study using a 20 ns duration 248 nm wavelength KrF laser pulse source has been carried out to characterize the ion flux at the exit of such a curved magnetic solenoid. We have found that 20% of the total initial laser plasma flux can be captured by the magnetic field and guided around a bend to a 2 cm diameter coating spot. A 3D curvilinear numerical simulation code has been developed on the basis of an existing Cartesian code in order to model the experimental results and to allow prediction of scaling to different magnetic field conditions. The results of the experimental measurements and comparison to the 3D modeling code will be presented.
Does Hemispheric Lateralization Influence Functional and Cardiovascular Outcomes After Stroke? (2008)

There is no difference in functional outcome between patients with right or left hemisphere stroke. Use of the baseline NIHSS score to predict stroke outcome must take hemispheric lateralization into account. Stroke lateralization is not an important predictor of cardiac adverse events or 90-day mortality.
The Epidemic Domestic Sex Trafficking of Girls: Awareness and Prevention (2019)

The author wrote this paper for the Spring 2018 course, Global Perspectives on Women and Gender (WMS330.61). Dr. Sharon Jacobson was the instructor.
Centella asiatica triterpenes for diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical study (2018)

CAST is a potential oral treatment for diabetic neuropathy, as it is well tolerated and effective in reducing the severity of DN symptoms in patients with Type II diabetes.