gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized cystic resolution: a metric for assessing the fundamental limits on beamformer performance (2009)

Existing methods for characterizing the imaging performance of ultrasound systems do not clearly quantify the impact of contrast, spatial resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Although the beamplot, contrast resolution metrics, SNR measurements, ideal observer methods, and contrast-detail analysis provide useful information, it remains difficult to discern how changes in system parameters affect these metrics and clinical imaging performance. In this paper, we present a rigorous methodology for characterizing the pulse-echo imaging performance of arbitrary ultrasound systems. Our metric incorporates the 4-D spatio-temporal system response, which is defined as a function of the individual beamformer channel weights. The metric also incorporates the individual beamformer channel electronic SNR. Whereas earlier performance measures dealt solely with contrast resolution or echo signal-to-noise ratio, our metric combines them so that tradeoffs between these parameters are easily distinguishable. The new metric quantifies an arbitrary system's contrast resolution and SNR performance as a function of cyst size, beamformer channel weights, and beamformer channel SNR. We present a theoretical derivation of the unified performance metric and provide simulation and experimental results highlighting the metric's utility. We compare the fundamental performance limits of 2 beamforming strategies: the dynamic focus finite impulse response (FIR) filter beamformer and the spatial matched filter (SMF) beamformer to the performance of the conventional delay-and-sum (DAS) beamformer. Results from this study show that the SMF beamformer and the FIR beamformer offer significant gains in beamformer SNR and contrast resolution compared with the DAS beamformer, respectively. The metric clearly distinguishes the performance of the SMF beamformer, which enhances system sensitivity, from the FIR beamformer, which optimizes system contrast resolution. Finally, the metric provides one quantitative goal for optimizing a broadband beamformer?s contrast resolution performance.
Nanotube/nanorods fabrication of ZnO using atomic layer deposition and the template replication method (2009)

In this study, ZnO thin films were deposited by ALD at low temperature using diethyl zinc (DEZn) and water precursors and were characterized by various techniques. ZnO tubes and rods were obtained using ALD and template replication method.
Hypercorticosteronuria and Diminished Pituitary Responsiveness to Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Obese Zucker Rats* (1986)

Metabolic defects in obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats have previously been shown to be reversed by adrenalectomy; however, hypercorticosteronemia has not been demonstrated. We now report that the total daily excretion of corticosterone and urea nitrogen are significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in obese Zucker rats than in age-matched lean Zucker rats. This excessive excretion of corticosterone is not of autonomous adrenal origin, since dexamethasone treatment (20 micrograms/kg X day) for 2 days induced a proportionate reduction in corticosterone excretion (approximately 50%) in both obese and lean Zucker rats. Corticosterone excretion was further suppressed to levels not different from those in lean rats after 2 days of dexamethasone (40 micrograms/kg X day). Both the peak and total pituitary beta-endorphin secretion in response to an iv bolus of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) were diminished in obese Zuckers. The response to CRF in obese Zucker rats was dampened and superimposable on that of dexamethasone-treated lean Zucker rats, suggesting the existence of chronic hypercorticosteronemia as a component of this genetic obesity. These observations provide evidence for a compensatory alteration of the pituitary-adrenal axis. We suggest that corticosterone turnover may be increased in obese Zucker rats.
A polypeptide carrying p-(dimethylamino)phenyl and 1-naphthyl chromophores periodically arranged to induce efficient electron transfer and exciplex formation (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA polypeptide carrying p-(dimethylamino)phenyl and 1-naphthyl chromophores periodically arranged to induce efficient electron transfer and exciplex formationMasahiko Sisido, Yoshihito Inai, and Yukio ImanishiCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 6, 1665–1671Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00208a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00208a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Genetic Staging of Unresectable or Metastatic Neuroblastomain Infants: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study (1997)

Use of a prognostic staging system based on tumor cell ploidy, augmented with the NMYC gene copy number and serum level of lactate dehydrogenase, would very likely improve the treatment of infants with unresectable or metastatic neuroblastoma. Patients with diploid tumors characterized by an amplified NMYC locus represent a particularly unfavorable risk group that may benefit from innovative new therapies.
Measuring and Mitigating Gaps in Structural Testing (2023)

Structural code coverage is a popular test adequacy metric that measures the percentage of program structure (e.g., statement, branch, decision) executed by a test suite. While structural coverage has several benefits, previous studies suggested that code coverage is not a good indicator of a test suite's fault-detection effectiveness as coverage computation does not consider test oracle quality. In this research, we formally define the coverage gap in structural testing as the percentage of program structure that is executed but not observed by any test oracles. Our large-scale empirical study of 13 Java applications, 16K test cases and 51.6K test assertions shows that even for mature test suites, the gap can be as high as 51 percentage points (pp) and 34pp on average. Our study reveals that the coverage gap strongly and negatively correlates with a test suite's fault-detection effectiveness. To mitigate gaps, we propose a lightweight static analysis of program dependencies to produce a ranked recommendation of test focus methods that can reduce the gap and improve test suite quality. When considering 34.8K assertions in the test suite as ground truth, the recommender suggests two-thirds of the focus methods written by developers within the top five recommendations.
Success of Intra-arterial Chemotherapy (Chemosurgery) for Retinoblastoma (2012)

The success of intra-arterial chemotherapy is dependent on delivery of drug to the target tumor within the eye via the ophthalmic artery. Because of the small volume of drug used (0.50-1.25 mL per treatment) and the selectivity of catheterization, variables affecting orbital blood flow greatly influence drug delivery and the success of chemosurgery.
Foam Separation of Oil from Enzymatically Treated Wet‐Milled Corn Germ Dispersions (2009)

Abstract More than 9 billion gallons of ethanol were produced in 2008, mostly from dry grind corn fermentation plants. These plants are a potential source of substantial amounts of corn oil, if an economical method of separating it can be developed. In this work, oil was separated from corn germ by aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE). Batches of wet‐milled corn germ in water were preheated in a pressure cooker, ground in a colloid mill, and churned in a vertical column/mixing vessel system, after the addition of enzyme. Nitrogen gas was then bubbled through the column removing an overflowing foam fraction which was subsequently centrifuged to separate free oil. Using a newly commercialized enzyme complex it was found that 80% of the oil could be recovered using a w/w ratio of enzyme solution to germ of 1:80. The low dose and low price of the enzyme complex leads to a cost estimate of AEE of corn oil from germ, similar to the wet‐milled germ extracted, cost competitive with expelled oil (with the separation and drying of the foam protein), and feasible for commercialization in a dry grind plant retrofitted to separate germ.
Refinement of Heat Release Analysis (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The refinement of heat release analysis stems from the recognition that a combustion system is intrinsically non-linear. Thus, as appropriate for such an entity, its properties are expressed in terms of a thermochemical phase (or state) space, of which the thermodynamic aspects are exposed on a so-called Le Chatelier diagram, providing the fundamental background for the development of micro-electronic control to attain the most effective utilization of fuel. Implementation of this method of approach is illustrated by the analysis of the exothermic process taking place in two typical internal combustion engines, spark-ignition and diesel.&lt;/div&gt;
On the Possibility of the Historic Rationality on the Historic View of Karl·Beopul (2005)

As a stiff - in - opinion historic rationality nihilist, Karl Beopul had engaged in denying the existence of the historic regularity with his all life. In the terms of methodology, it was on a fault basis that he had willingly whistled off the differences between the natural science and social science with the ignorance of their absolute and relative, objective and subjective differences.
Extraordinary transmission and left-handed propagation in miniaturized stacks of doubly periodic subwavelength hole arrays (2007)

Metallic plates embedded between dielectric slabs and perforated by rectangular arrays of subwavelength holes with a dense periodicity in one of the directions support extraordinary transmission (ET) phenomena, viz. strong peaks in the transmittance frequency dependence. Stacks of such perforated plates support ET phenomena with propagation along the stack axis that is characterized by the left handed behavior. The incorporation of the dielectric materials and dense periodicity allows significantly reducing the illuminated area of the perforated plate required experimentally to observe the ET phenomena as compared to the areas required in the case of free standing rectangular hole arrays. This facilitates the experimental investigation of ET under excitation in the Fresnel zone of Gaussian beams.
Assessing Visuoconstructional Performance in AD, MCI and Normal Elderly Using the Beery Visual-Motor Integration Test (2003)

This study evaluated the Beery Visual-Motor Integration Test (VMI) as a measure of construction ability in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Construction deficits are an early sign of Alzheimer's disease. Commonly used tests of construction abilities are complex, often intimidating to impaired elders, and lack a range of items. The VMI has items ranging from very easy to difficult, allowing even impaired patients to enter task set, and elderly norms are available. It has not yet been validated for use in diagnosis of AD or MCI. Two patients groups (n = 43 MCI and 40 AD) recruited from a memory clinic and a non-demented control group (n = 43) recruited from the community were administered a battery of neuropsychological measures including the VMI. Results revealed that the VMI is useful for discriminating AD from MCI. Qualitative errors produced on the VMI provide additional information beyond the standard score about the patient's cognitive status.
A hybrid active noise cancelling with secondary path modeling (2008)

This paper presents a hybrid active noise cancelling (ANC) system, to overcome the acoustic feedback present in most feedforward ANC system, together with an on line secondary path estimation scheme. The ANC system provides a suitable solution to two important problems present in most ANC systems. The acoustic feedback is reduced using two FIR adaptive filters with feedforward and feedback configurations, respectively; while the secondary path modeling is carried out using a modification of the on line estimation method proposed by Akhtar. Computer simulation results show that the combination of the feedback and feedforward stages provides a fairly good acoustic feedback cancellation, while the secondary path estimation method performs fairly well, providing both a fairly good noise cancellation performance.
A Short Synthesis of the Factor‐Xa Inhibitor DX‐9065a using palladium‐catalyzed key steps (1997)

Abstract We describe a new, efficient synthesis of DX‐9065a ( 4 ), a potent inhibitor of the blood coagulation enzyme factor Xa (fXa) which has previously been prepared in more than 20 steps. We saved approximately 10 steps starting with a Pd‐catalyzed cyanation of the triflate 10 of 7‐methoxynaphthalen‐2‐ol ( 9 ). After cleavage of the MeO group with boron tribromide, the triflate 6 was coupled to acrylate 5 in a Heck reaction (→3). The subsequent transformations led to DX‐9065 a.
Importance of Optimized Guideline-Based Therapy for Preventing Rehospitalization of Chronic Heart Failure Patients　― From the KUNIUMI Acute Cohort ― (2021)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Because the effectiveness of strengthening guideline-based therapy (GBT) to prevent heart failure (HF) rehospitalization of chronic HF patients remains unclear, this study investigated the characteristics of HF patients in the Kobe University Heart Failure Registry in Awaji Medical Center (KUNIUMI) acute cohort. <b><i>Methods and Results:</i></b> We studied 254 rehospitalized HF patients from the KUNIUMI Registry. Optimized GBT was defined as a Class I or IIa recommendation for chronic HF based on the guidelines of the Japanese Circulation Society. The primary endpoint was all-cause death or first HF rehospitalization after discharge. Outcomes tended to be more favorable for patients who had rather than had not received optimized GBT (hazard ratio [HR] 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57-1.19; P=0.27). Similarly, among New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class IV patients, outcomes tended to be more favorable for those who had rather than had not undergone optimized GBT (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.47-1.12; P=0.15). Importantly, outcomes were significantly more favorable among NYHA Class IV patients aged <79 years who had rather than had not undergone optimized GBT (HR 0.33; 95% CI 0.14-0.82; P=0.02). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that optimized GBT was the only independent factor for the prediction of the primary endpoint. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Optimized GBT can be expected to play an important role as the next move for chronic HF patients.
Reactions of Digallanes with p‐ and d‐Block Lewis Bases: Adducts, Bis(gallyl) Complexes, and Naked Ga+ as Ligand (2018)

A range of double carbene adducts of digallanes(4) are prepared from an existing double digallane adduct, and their halides are subsequently exchanged, establishing the feasibility of both base and halide-exchange reactions from digallane adducts. Furthermore, a range of digallium species are treated with transition-metal Lewis bases, leading alternatively to oxidative addition products, species with monocoordinate Ga<sup>+</sup> ligands, and an unusual ditopic metal-only Lewis pair (MOLP). These results underline the manifold and unpredictable chemistry of halogallane species with Lewis bases.
Kardiogener Schock (2014)

The cardiogenic shock remains one oft he greatest challenges in cardiology because of its high mortality. Pathophysiology of the cardiogenic shock is not completely understood. Supportive therapy contains circulatory support, guided by a hemodynamic monitoring, as well as therapy of secondary dysfunction of other organs.
Passive and Active Electrical Balance Duplexers (2015)

Electrical balance duplexing enables simultaneous transmit and receive from a single antenna; however, the transmit-to-receive isolation depends on the ability of the balancing algorithm to determine the correct balancing impedance. A novel balancing algorithm based on in situ characterization of the duplexer self-interference channel is proposed. The algorithm requires no a priori knowledge of the antenna impedance or hybrid junction characteristics and automatically compensates for circuit imperfections. A novel balancing network implementation that uses active signal injection is also proposed. A hardware prototype implementing the proposed balancing algorithm and combining passive and active balancing techniques has achieved 81.5-dB isolation over an 80-MHz bandwidth.
[Au2(phen2Me)2(μ-O)2](PF6)2, a Novel Dinuclear Gold(III) Complex Showing Excellent Antiproliferative Properties (2010)

A novel dioxo-bridged dinuclear gold(III) complex with two 2,9-dimethylphenanthroline ligands was synthesized and thoroughly characterized. Its crystal structure was solved, and its solution behavior assessed. Remarkably, this compound revealed excellent antiproliferative properties in vitro against a wide panel of 36 cancer cell lines, combining a high cytotoxic potency to pronounced tumor selectivity. Very likely, these properties arise from an innovative mode of action (possibly involving histone deacetylase inhibition), as suggested by COMPARE analysis. In turn, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry studies provided valuable insight into its molecular mechanisms of activation and of interaction with protein targets. Gold(III) reduction, dioxo bridge disruption, coordinative gold(I) binding to the protein, and concomitant release of the phenanthroline ligand were proposed to occur upon interaction with superoxide dismutase, used here as a model protein. Because of the reported results, this new gold(III) compound qualifies itself as an optimal candidate for further pharmacological testing.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Nod1 detects a unique muropeptide from gram-negative bacterial peptidoglycan. (2003)

Although the role of Toll-like receptors in extracellular bacterial sensing has been investigated intensively, intracellular detection of bacteria through Nod molecules remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that human Nod1 specifically detects a unique diaminopimelate-containing N-acetylglucosamine-N-acetylmuramic acid (GlcNAc-MurNAc) tripeptide motif found in Gram-negative bacterial peptidoglycan, resulting in activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB pathway. Moreover, we show that in epithelial cells (which represent the first line of defense against invasive pathogens), Nod1is indispensable for intracellular Gram-negative bacterial sensing. PMID: 12791997
Typology and Analysis of Russian Universities’ Performance in Education and Science Perspectives (2013)

Over the past decades due to increasing economic pressure and rising demands by government and society, the organizational landscape of higher education is changing while university activities become more diversified. The focus of public support is shifting from funding current activities of universities towards rewarding outcomes. There are, as a result, many strategies to adapt and develop universities in this changing environment. For example, emerging typologies for structuring a network of higher education institutions (HEIs) taking into account their diversity are at the forefront in many countries of agendas for greater efficiency in higher education. We advance a typology for HEIs in Russia taking into account indicators of research and teaching activities. We present an overview of best practices for HEIs, some typologies, a set of indicators and mathematical tools for constructing a typology of Russian public HEIs. This typology is based on clustering the input (resource allocation) and output (performance) indicators that characterize academic and educational achievements of HEIs. The proposed classification differentiates types of universities and contains a decision tree that allows assigning universities to one category or another. It can be used as a basis for a comprehensive analysis of diverse Russian universities and for government policies to address each of the identified HEI types, depending on their characteristics. Note: Downloadable document is in Russian.
Proteasome inhibition with bortezomib enhances activity of topoisomerase I-targeting drugs by NF-kappaB-independent mechanisms. (2006)

In contrast to inhibition of NF-kappaB activity, down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic survivin was correlated with modulation of the sequence-dependent synergistic effects of PS-341 in SN-38-induced apoptosis.
Energy cooperation for throughput optimization based on save-then-transmit protocol in wireless communication system (2015)

Green communication and energy saving have been a critical issue in modern wireless communication systems. The concepts of energy harvesting and energy transfer are recently receiving much attention in academic research field. In this paper, we study energy cooperation problems based on save-then-transmit protocol and propose two energy cooperation schemes for different system models: two-node communication model and three-node relay communication model. In both models, all of the nodes transmitting information have no fixed energy supplies and gain energy only via wireless energy harvesting from nature. Besides, these nodes also follow a save-then-transmit protocol. Namely, for each timeslot, a fraction (referred to as save-ratio) of time is devoted exclusively to energy harvesting while the remaining fraction is used for data transmission. In order to maximize the system throughput, energy transfer mechanism is introduced in our schemes, i.e., some nodes are permitted to share their harvested energy with other nodes by means of wireless energy transfer. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed schemes can outperform both the schemes with half-allocate save-ratio and the schemes without energy transfer in terms of throughput performance, and also characterize the dependencies of system throughput, transferred energy, and save-ratio on energy harvesting rate.