gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cover (2018)

The following topics are dealt with: control system synthesis; Lyapunov methods; learning (artificial intelligence); nonlinear control systems; feature extraction; stability; closed loop systems; uncertain systems; adaptive control; mobile robots.
Reflections of Cybersecurity Workshop for K-12 Teachers (2023)

In this paper, we recount efforts in developing cybersecurity workshops for K-12 teachers, intended to learn skills to better educate the cybersecurity workers of tomorrow. In 2021, we provided two one-day virtual workshops and in 2022 we provided one two-day in-person workshop to high school teachers to increase cybersecurity awareness in three areas: general cybersecurity issues, software security, and hardware security. Both the online and in-person workshops employed Google classroom and Jupyter Notebooks, and high school teachers were provided with Raspberry Pi Zeros to use as part of the workshops. This paper describes the design and implementation of the workshops and also provides evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of the workshops, as well as commentary to provide guidance for future efforts.
Statecharts: From Visual Syntax to Model-Theoretic Semantics (2001)

This paper presents a novel model-theoretic account of Harel, Pnueli and Shalev&amp;apos;s original step semantics of the visual specification language Statecharts. The graphical syntax of a Statechart is read, directly and structurally, as a formula in propositional logic. This proposition captures all the logical constraints imposed by the diagram on the Statechart&amp;apos;s semantics, i.e., the possible sets of transitions that can be taken together to perform a valid Statecharts step, and their effects on Statecharts configurations. The paper&amp;apos;s main result shows that the correct semantics is uniquely described by the intuitionistic interpretation of Statecharts formulas, whereas the naive classical interpretation is insufficient. The advocated intuitionistic approach not only gives a correct, clear and direct logical account of Statecharts&amp;apos; semantics, but also permits the integration of Statecharts with formal validation tools, such as theorem provers.
Time-resolved spectra of dense plasma focus using spectrometer, streak camera, and CCD combination (2010)

A time-resolving spectrographic instrument has been assembled with the primary components of a spectrometer, image-converting streak camera, and CCD recording camera, for the primary purpose of diagnosing highly dynamic plasmas. A collection lens defines the sampled region and couples light from the plasma into a step index, multimode fiber which leads to the spectrometer. The output spectrum is focused onto the photocathode of the streak camera, the output of which is proximity-coupled to the CCD. The spectrometer configuration is essentially Czerny-Turner, but off-the-shelf Nikon refraction lenses, rather than mirrors, are used for practicality and flexibility. Only recently assembled, the instrument requires significant refinement, but has now taken data on both bridge wire and dense plasma focus experiments.
Bleeding Pelvic Fractures: Updates and Controversies in Acute Phase Management (2008)

Background The management of patients with haemodynamic instability related to pelvic fractures is a major challenge with high mortality and morbidity. The treatment priorities have long been a source of debate. Many advocate emergent external fixation (EX-FIX) as the first line of treatment, whereas another school favours the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolisation (TAE). Decision-making within the ‘Golden Hour’ in the emergency department (ED) is crucial to patients' ultimate outcome. Our aim was to evaluate the current management pathways in our centre and to review the latest literature. Methods We present a 2-year case series (from January 2005 to December 2006) of patients with pelvic ring disruption and haemodynamic instability. Data were collected regarding patients' demographics, fracture patterns according to the Young &amp; Burgess classification, concomitant intra-abdominal injuries, treatment pathway and the response to treatment. Results There were 7 patients identified. Five were males and 2 were females, with a mean age of 42 years. Fracture types included 3 lateral compression, 1 anteroposterior compression, 2 vertical shear, and 1 combined mechanism. Four patients had significant intraperitoneal haemorrhage identified by Focused Assessment by Sonography for Trauma (FAST). They all needed laporotomy and pelvic packing, initially or subsequently. EX-FIXs were offered to 6 patients as the primary intervention, and 4 of them subsequently required diagnosis with angiography followed by therapeutic embolisation to restore haemodynamic stability. Only 1 patient underwent a second angiographic study to control the arterial bleeding. Two patients died of severe intra-abdominal injuries within 24 hours after admission. Conclusion In patients with pelvic fractures and hypotension, EX-FIX is currently the first line of treatment, with variable efficacy. On the other hand, the high successful embolisation rate and reasonable safety profile of TAE in our patients have been impressive. The latter offers a much better alternative to surgical intervention in selected patients. However, precautions should be taken including proper pelvic stabilisation by non-invasive devices, creation of a safe environment in the angiography suite, and early multidisciplinary decision in the ED.
Diastereoselective Aldolization of α‐Aminonitriles. Diastereoselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Alcohols and β,γ‐Diamino Alcohols. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Fluorine‐Containing Cages (1997)

Covalently bound fluorine atoms are effective donors! This is demonstrated by the F4O3N1 coordination of the Cs+ ion in the complex with the macropolycyclic ligand 1. Three of the four shortest bonds to the metal ion are Cs+F bonds, and one of these is extremely short (284.2(3)pm).
A novel three-mass inverted pendulum model for real-time trajectory generation of biped robots (2016)

In this paper, a new model is proposed based on the three-mass inverted pendulum for generating real-time walking pattern for biped robots. To generate walking pattern for biped robots, the Center of Mass (COM) trajectory is calculated using a designed ankle trajectory and the inverted pendulum model. For this purpose, a new three-mass inverted pendulum model is proposed to improve the accuracy of the simple inverted pendulum. These obtained trajectories for the ankle and COM are mapped into the joint space, using inverse kinematics. Finally, by exploiting the computed trajectories in joint space, the exact location of the Zero Moment Point (ZMP) is calculated and the results of the proposed model are compared to the existing models in terms of model accuracy. Simulation results show that approximation of robot dynamics is improved using the proposed model.
Isothiazole Ring Formation with Substituted 2-Alkylthio-3-acyl-4-quinolinone UsingO-(Mesitylenesulfonyl)hydroxylamine (MSH) (2003)

Isothiazole ring skeleton was formed by the treatment of substituted 2-alkylthio-3-acyl-4-quinolinone with O-(mesitylenesulfonyl)hydroxylamine(MSH). A mixture of alkyl transferred 3-methyl-9-alkyl-4,9-dihydroisothiazolo[5,4-b]quinolin-4-one as a major product and dealkylated 3-methyl-4,9-dihydroisothiazolo[5,4-b]quinolin-4-one as a minor product was obtained from unsubstituted 2-alkylthio-3-acyl-4-quinolinone in the presence of K2CO3. When 2 equivalents of MSH were used in the absence of K2CO3 only dealkylated product was obtained in quantitative yield.
Steroids and related natural products. 96. Synthesis of 3.beta.,16.beta.,23(R),26-Tetrahydroxy-5.beta.-cholestane (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroids and related natural products. 96. Synthesis of 3.beta.,16.beta.,23(R),26-Tetrahydroxy-5.beta.-cholestaneGeorge R. Pettit, James J. Einck, and John C. KnightCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 24, 7781–7782Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00492a085https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00492a085research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Posing and Acting as Input for Personalizing Furniture (2016)

Digital fabrication is becoming increasingly practical for customizing products to users' specifications. However, the design interfaces for customizing items have focused more on 3D modelling and less on how people use the object or how it fits around their body. In this paper, we explore a user-centered approach: using posing and acting as input for personalizing furniture. Users specify dimensions by referring to their body parts and using simple speech commands such as "this wide" or "from here to here", while indicating a distance with their arms. A head-mounted display (HMD) provides instant feedback in real-size and allows users to experience and evaluate their virtual design as though it were a prototype. We report the formative and evaluative studies that indicate that the proposed approach engages casual users in the iterative design process of personalizing items in relation to their use, body, and environment.
Breaking the Histone Code with Two-Dimensional Partial Covariance Mass Spectrometry (2022)

Combinatorial post-translational modifications of proteins, such as histones, govern cell differentiation and organismal development, and are widely thought to play a key role in aging, development of cancers, neurodevelopmental disorders, neurodegenerative and other diseases. Nonetheless, our understanding of the precise biological function of different modification patterns is limited by the difficulty of identifying and quantifying different combinatorial isomers in their mixtures as they naturally occur, and in particular by the fundamental incompleteness of the information contained in a one-dimensional mass spectrum featuring the mass-to-charge ratios and relative abundances of the individual peptide fragments. Here we introduce the concept of “marker correlations”, obtained through the recently developed two-dimensional partial covariance mass spectrometry, and show that they can contain the missing information that enables identification of co-existing combinatorially modified isomers in their mixtures. We demonstrate experimentally how the marker correlations enable one to resolve mixtures of doubly acetylated histone H4 peptides, a problem that was previously branded “mathematically impossible” [D. Phanstiel et al., PNAS 105, 4093 (2008)]. Our accompanying comprehensive in silico study reveals that the marker correlations can be used to unambiguously identify five times more combinatorially modified tryptic peptides and three times more combinatorially modified Glu-C peptides of human histones than is possible using the standard MS/MS. The proof-of-concept study reported here shows that the marker correlation method has a great potential for solving the histone code problem, contingent on achieving compatibility of 2D-PC-MS with chromatography-based proteomic workflows.
Arginine deiminase system and bacterial adaptation to acid environments (1987)

The arginine deiminase system in a variety of streptococci and in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be unusually acid tolerant in that arginolysis occurred at pH values well below the minima for growth and glycolysis. The acid tolerance of the system allowed bacteria to survive potentially lethal acidification through production of ammonia to raise the environmental pH value.
NNET: some tools for neural networks simulation (1990)

A description is given of the development and use of a modular system for neural network simulation, called NNET. The aim was to provide tools that are both flexible in use and efficient in execution. Things to be simulated are collections of many simple processing elements, the neurons, connected to each other, potentially running in parallel, and communicating through the connections between them. The implementation of this computational structure through its simulation on traditional computers requires efficient hardware to reproduce parallel processing and good software to permit easy definition and testing of the (often complex) structure of a net of connected neurons. NNET is based on a neural network simulating nucleus, with a library of efficient C functions describing some current model, a compiled low-level language for the description of nets, a text-video interface to assist the user during the simulations, and an interpreted structured language to control the operations on all of the simulating environment. Some possible further developments of NNET are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
All-optical regenerator based on nonlinear fibre sagnac interferometer (1992)

For the first time, all-optical regeneration using a nonlinear fibre Sagnac interferometer switch (NSIS) and pump-probe walk-off is demonstrated. In the NSIS, all-optical regeneration including timing and amplitude restoration is performed by switching clock pulses with amplified input signals. Timing restoration is evaluated by performing error-rate measurements at 5Gbit/s.
Raman spectra-based structural classification analysis of quinoidal and derived molecular systems (2021)

Raman spectra data of quinones and similar molecules are used to train a machine learning model in order to define a structural ordering and classification of molecules and investigate the vibrational modes that mostly contributed to the analysis.
Molecular Mechanisms of Loss of β2-Microglobulin Expression in Drug-Resistant Breast Cancer Sublines and Its Involvement in Drug Resistance (1998)

In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the loss or decreased expression of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) in several drug-resistant sublines of MCF-7 and in a doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant variant of the T-47D breast cancer cell line. beta 2m protein and RNA are not expressed in highly metastatic, multidrug-resistant MCF-7/Adr cells with high resistance to DOX. Nuclear run-on transcription and RNA stability assays demonstrate that while beta 2m in MCF-7/Adr cells is transcribed, its mRNA is rapidly degraded after synthesis in these cells, indicating that it is controlled by post-transcriptional mechanisms. We also show that an MCF-7 subline (MCF-7/Adr-5) expressing a very low level of resistance to DOX has a decreased level of beta 2m expression. Treatment with actinomycin D revealed that the half-life of beta 2m mRNA in MCF-7 and MCF-7/Adr-5 cell lines was comparable. Nuclear run-on transcription analysis revealed a decreased rate of beta2m transcription in MCF-7/Adr-5 cells compared to that in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, beta 2m mRNA remained undetectable in MCF-7/Adr cells following cycloheximide treatment. However, in MCF-7 cells, increased beta 2m mRNA was observed after 12 h, and a similar level of increased mRNA expression was observed after 36 h of cycloheximide treatment in MCF-7/Adr-5 cells; these results suggest that one of the mechanisms controlling beta 2m mRNA expression might be a negative regulatory protein in MCF-7/Adr-5 cells. Analysis of the beta 2m status of other drug-resistant MCF-7 sublines revealed that deregulation of beta 2m is not limited to DOX resistance, but can also be detected in cells selected for resistance to mAMSA and DOX-verapamil. In addition, our data show that reduced beta 2m expression correlates with the decreased levels of estrogen receptor (ER) expression in the DOX-resistant MCF-7/Adr and T-47D/Adr-4 human breast cell lines. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the partial inhibition of beta 2m by antisense RNA results in 2-3-fold decreased sensitivity of MCF-7 cells to DOX and mAMSA. Moreover, the addition of exogenous beta 2m protein near its physiological human serum concentration can modulate the DOX sensitivity of the MCF-7 antisense beta 2m and control transfectants. Therefore, these results indicate that lost or decreased beta 2m expression is involved in the development of the drug-resistant phenotype and correlates with the loss of ER in human breast cancer cell lines.
The Action of Acids on 2,3-Diphenyl-2,3-epoxyindanone (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Action of Acids on 2,3-Diphenyl-2,3-epoxyindanoneC. F. Koelsch and C. D. Le ClaireCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 5, 754–755Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01245a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01245a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Association Mapping Provides Insights into the Origin and the Fine Structure of the Sorghum Aluminum Tolerance Locus, AltSB (2014)

Root damage caused by aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major cause of grain yield reduction on acid soils, which are prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of the world where food security is most tenuous. In sorghum, Al tolerance is conferred by SbMATE, an Al-activated root citrate efflux transporter that underlies the major Al tolerance locus, AltSB, on sorghum chromosome 3. We used association mapping to gain insights into the origin and evolution of Al tolerance in sorghum and to detect functional variants amenable to allele mining applications. Linkage disequilibrium across the AltSB locus decreased much faster than in previous reports in sorghum, and reached basal levels at approximately 1000 bp. Accordingly, intra-locus recombination events were found to be extensive. SNPs and indels highly associated with Al tolerance showed a narrow frequency range, between 0.06 and 0.1, suggesting a rather recent origin of Al tolerance mutations within AltSB. A haplotype network analysis suggested a single geographic and racial origin of causative mutations in primordial guinea domesticates in West Africa. Al tolerance assessment in accessions harboring recombinant haplotypes suggests that causative polymorphisms are localized to a ∼6 kb region including intronic polymorphisms and a transposon (MITE) insertion, whose size variation has been shown to be positively correlated with Al tolerance. The SNP with the strongest association signal, located in the second SbMATE intron, recovers 9 of the 14 highly Al tolerant accessions and 80% of all the Al tolerant and intermediately tolerant accessions in the association panel. Our results also demonstrate the pivotal importance of knowledge on the origin and evolution of Al tolerance mutations in molecular breeding applications. Allele mining strategies based on associated loci are expected to lead to the efficient identification, in diverse sorghum germplasm, of Al tolerant accessions able maintain grain yields under Al toxicity.
EFFECT OF THREE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS ON ELECTRORHEOLOGY (2001)

Electrorheology (ER) was studied for 3 fluids consisting of dispersoids having different functional groups and the same alkyl chain ( C 16 H 33 -X; X=-OH, -COOH, -CN) dispersed in dimethylsilicone oil. Fluids changed from dispersed to homogeneous with increasing operating temperature because dispersoids melted at higher temperatures. Both the ER effect and dielectric properties changed drastically with the change from dispersed to homogeneous. Both their ER effect and Δε′ increased with temperature below their melting points, becoming almost zero above their melting points. The ER effect of -OH was the highest and that of -CN lowest. The ER effect of fluids were largely explained by Δε′, the difference in dielectric constant ε′ at 10 2 and 10 5 Hz.
Variational quantum algorithms for nonlinear problems (2020)

We show that nonlinear problems including nonlinear partial differential equations can be efficiently solved by variational quantum computing. We achieve this by utilizing multiple copies of variational quantum states to treat nonlinearities efficiently and by introducing tensor networks as a programming paradigm. The key concepts of the algorithm are demonstrated for the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation as a canonical example. We numerically show that the variational quantum ansatz can be exponentially more efficient than matrix product states and present experimental proof-of-principle results obtained on an IBM Q device.
Design and Perching Experiments of Bird-like Remote Controlled Planes (2013)

This paper describes the design of bio-mimetic remote controlled airplanes and experiments in perching them. The goal of this research is the development of a biomimetic robotic bird that can alight and rest on a perch. Design starts with the overall architecture including airfoil selection and mass determination given performance requirements. Particular attention is given to the stability analysis since with a bird-like planform with the tail so close to the body and without a vertical tail surface many designs are unstable. The stability matrices are also the basis of the PID controller design. Several foamie planes were built to test different designs and control strategies. Most of the perching experiments used the Dreamflight® Alula glider because it was one of the most bird-like planforms that is available commercially. A catapult launcher and a perch were set up in the AFRL Aviari indoor flight facility which uses motion capture cameras to determine to vehicle state. This allows control algorithms to be developed off-board the plane saving on weight of sensors and on-board computers. Various control strategies were tested from mostly open loop flights, relatively simple PID controllers, to fuzzy logic and dynamic inversion. This paper is limited to the development and testing of the PID controllers.