gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Casein Hydrolysates on Yogurt Fermentation and Texture Properties during Storage (2006)

Effects of casein hydrolysates by papain on acidification of the yogurts and growth of probiotic bacteria during yogurt fermentation have been investigated. The viability of probiotic bacteria and texture characteristics of the yogurts during storage at 4 °C have been evaluated. The hydrolysates strongly decreased the fermentation and coagulation time of the yogurts. The post-fermentation acidification was retarded by the hydrolysates. The hydrolysates increased the probiotic counts during initial fermentation stage. The growth of the probiotic organisms decreased at the final stage. Survival of probiotic bacteria was improved by the hydrolysates. The hydrolysates significantly (p<0.05) increased the adhesiveness of the yogurts except for 0.5 % of hydrolysate with degree of hydrolysis of 8.5 %. The sensory evaluation scores of the yogurts were significantly (p<0.05) improved by the hydrolysates after the storage. The effect of casein hydrolysates on fermentation and texture properties was related to the molecular mass of the hydrolysates.
Query-sensitive Feature Selection for Lazy Learners (2007)

Feature selection contributes to increasing many learners' accuracy by identifying and removing irrelevant features in multidimensional datasets. Conventional feature selection methods determine the optimal feature subset independently from and prior to the introduction of a new query. In general, some features will be relevant only in certain tasks. We argue that a query, as an indicator of the attention focus and current task, is a major part of the context and should be involved in the determination of the final feature subset. In this paper we attempt to propose a query-sensitive feature selection model, present two algorithms for applying such a feature selection method, and test their effectiveness by comparing their performances to those of the conventional selection algorithms. Our experiments are executed under a nearest neighbor classification environment and the results show a consistent improvement in the classification performance when a query-sensitive feature subset is selected and used for measuring similarities between the query and other instances. The results suggest that the performance of a lazy learner has the potential to increase through query-sensitive feature selection
The new office (1997)

This text analyzes what business brains are saying about new ways of working. From how to accommodate new kinds of technology and the dissolving of boundaries between office and home, to the innovative trends in products and services worldwide. Case studies review the design process.
Self- and dopant diffusion in extrinsic boron doped isotopically controlled silicon multilayer structures (2002)

Isotopically controlled silicon multilayer structures were used to measure the enhancement of self- and dopant diffusion in extrinsic boron doped silicon. {sup 30}Si was used as a tracer through a multilayer structure of alternating natural Si and enriched {sup 28}Si layers. Low energy, high resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) allowed for simultaneous measurement of self- and dopant diffusion profiles of samples annealed at temperatures between 850 C and 1100 C. A specially designed ion- implanted amorphous Si surface layer was used as a dopant source to suppress excess defects in the multilayer structure, thereby eliminating transient enhanced diffusion (TED) behavior. Self- and dopant diffusion coefficients, diffusion mechanisms, and native defect charge states were determined from computer-aided modeling, based on differential equations describing the diffusion processes. We present a quantitative description of B diffusion enhanced self-diffusion in silicon and conclude that the diffusion of both B and Si is mainly mediated by neutral and singly positively charged self-interstitials under p-type doping. No significant contribution of vacancies to either B or Si diffusion is observed.
Cesium Absorption from Acidic Solutions Using Ammonium Molybdophosphate on a Polyacrylonitrile Support (AMP-PAN) (1997)

Abstract Recent effort at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP) have included evaluation of cesium removal technologies as applied to ICPP acidic radioactive waste streams. Ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP) immobilized on a polyacrylonitrile support (AMP-PAN) has been studied as an ion exchange agent for cesium removal from acidic waste solutions. Capacities, distribution coefficients, elutability, and kinetics of cesium extraction have been evaluated. Exchange breakthrough curves using small columns have been determined from 1M HNO3 and simulated waste solutions. The theoretical capacity of AMP is 213 g Cs/Kg AMP. The average experimental capacity in batch contacts with various acidic solutions was 150 g Cs/kg AMP. The measured cesium distribution coefficients from actual waste solutions were 3287 mL/g for dissolved zirconia calcines, and 2679 mL/g for sodium-bearing waste. The cesium in the dissolved alumina calcines was analyzed for; however, the concentration was below analytical detectable limits resulting in inconclusive results. The reaction kinetics are very rapid (2-10 minutes). Cesium absorption appears to be independent of acid concentration over the range tested (0.1 M to 5 M HNO3).
Intradermal Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine: A Preclinical Dose-Finding Study (2014)

Intradermal delivery of vaccines has been shown to result in dose sparing. We tested the ability of fractional doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) delivered intradermally to induce levels of serum poliovirus-neutralizing antibodies similar to immunization through the intramuscular route. Immunogenicity of fractional doses of IPV was studied by comparing intramuscular and intradermal immunization of Wistar rats using NanoPass MicronJet600 microneedles. Intradermal delivery of partial vaccine doses induced antibodies at titers comparable to those after immunization with full human dose delivered intramuscularly. The results suggest that intradermal delivery of IPV may lead to dose-sparing effect and reduction of the vaccination cost.
Structure property correlations in alcohols through two-photon absorption cross-section measurements (2006)

Two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-sections of neat alcohols are shown to be a femtosecond laser measurable property with useful structure property correlations that are directly correlated to the self-phase modulation of the alcohol in question. The amount of self-phase modulation is shown to be a molecular structure dependent property. The real and the imaginary components of the second-order hyperpolarizability are thus shown to be interrelated. Such TPA measurements prove that it is not possible to predict two-photon absorption properties by simple doubling the wavelengths of one-photon absorption spectra.
Nucleoside Analog 1592U89 and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitor 141W94 Are Synergistic In Vitro (1998)

The use of combinations of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) agents targeted to different molecular targets will most likely result in increased viral suppression and may also delay or prevent the emergence of resistant HIV strains. The purpose of the present study was to develop information on the in vitro anti-HIV activities of combinations of the reverse transcriptase inhibitor 1592U89 and the protease inhibitor 141W94 to help guide the choice of dosages in clinical trials. Triplicate in vitro dose-response matrices were prepared with MT-2 cells infected with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) strain IIIB. In order to account for the effects of protein binding, tissue culture medium with 10% fetal bovine serum was supplemented with the human serum proteins alpha1 acid glycoprotein (1 mg/ml) and albumin (40 mg/ml). The three-dimensional drug interaction surface for 1592U89 and 141W94 was constructed with the program MacSynergy II. As analyzed relative to a Bliss Independence null reference model, this combination was synergistic, with volumes of synergy exceeding 100 (99% confidence). Analysis of the data set with a fully parametric form of an equation for the quantitation of drug interaction developed by Greco et al. (W. R. Greco, G. Bravo, and J. C. Parsons, Pharmacol. Rev. 47:331-385, 1995) resulted in an interaction term statistically significantly greater than 0.0, indicating true synergy. Both methods concur that this combination is significantly synergistic. These data, with favorable findings from phase I/II trials for each drug alone, suggest that the combination of 1592U89 plus 141W94 should be further evaluated in clinical trials.
CBR for troubleshooting aircraft on the flightline (1994)

Knowledge-based approaches to the solution of aircraft maintenance problems are beginning to gain gradual acceptance within the airline business. The industry began several years ago by using artificial intelligence to address complex maintenance planning and scheduling problems. More recently, focus has shifted to other important areas, such as system condition monitoring and failure diagnostics. Case-based reasoning (CBR) has recently emerged as a good candidate technology to support complex system diagnostics, particularly when aiding human decision-making during time-constrained operations. However, a number of human factors and technical issues remain to be resolved if the apparent potential of CBR technology is to be both accepted and successfully exploited within the airline industry. This paper emphasises some of the findings and lessons learned during CBR based work at British Airways, and describes some of the author's emerging views of how such future systems must be both planned and developed. >
Incipient stem cell niche conversion in tissue culture: using a systems approach to probe early events in WUSCHEL‐dependent conversion of lateral root primordia into shoot meristems (2012)

Adventitious shoot organogenesis contributes to the fitness of diverse plant species, and control of this process is a vital step in plant transformation and in vitro propagation. New shoot meristems (SMs) can be induced by the conversion of lateral root primorida/meristems (LRP/LRMs) or callus expressing markers for this identity. To study this important and fascinating process we developed a high-throughput methodology for the synchronous initiation of LRP by auxin, and subsequent cytokinin-induced conversion of these LRP to SMs. Cytokinin treatment induces the expression of the shoot meristematic gene WUSCHEL (WUS) in converting LRP (cLRP) within 24-30 h, and WUS is required for LRP → SM conversion. Subsequently, a transcriptional reporter for CLAVATA3 (CLV3) appeared 32-48 h after transfer to cytokinin, marking presumptive shoot stem cells at the apex of cLRP. Thus the spatial expression of these two components (WUS and CLV3) of a regulatory network maintaining SM stem cells already resembles that seen in a vegetative shoot apical meristem (SAM), suggesting the very rapid initiation and establishment of the new SMs. Our high-throughput methodology enabled us to successfully apply a systems approach to the study of plant regeneration. Herein we characterize transcriptional reporter expression and global gene expression changes during LRP → SM conversion, elaborate the role of WUS and WUS-responsive genes in the conversion process, identify and test putative functional targets, perform a comparative analysis of domain-specific expression in cLRP and SM tissue, and develop a bioinformatic tool for examining gene expression in diverse regeneration systems.
Emotional expressivity in men and women: Stereotypes and self-perceptions (2000)

Three studies were conducted to assess prevalent stereotypes regarding men's and women's emotional expressivity as well as self-perceptions of their emotional behaviour. Emotion profiles were employed to assess both modal emotional reactions and secondary emotional reactions to hypothetical events and personal experiences. In Study 1 we asked how men and women in general would react to a series of hypothetical emotional events. In Study 2 we asked how participants themselves expected to react to these same situations and in Study 3 we asked participants to report a personal emotional event in narrative form. Two gender differences emerged across all three studies. Specifically, women were expected to be more likely to react with sadness to negative emotion-eliciting events in general. They also expected themselves to be more likely to react with sadness as well as to cry and to withdraw more when experiencing negative emotional events. Finally, women report more sadness when describing personal events. In contrast, men were expected to react with more happiness/serenity during negative emotional situations. Also, they expect themselves to react more frequently this way as well as to laugh and smile more and to be more relaxed in negative situations. Finally, men tend to report more happiness when describing negative personal events. In sum, the present study gives a more detailed portrayal of how men and women are expected and expect themselves to react to specific emotional situations and presents some evidence that these expectations may influence the way they reconstruct emotional events from their past.
Stabilizing Effect of Anisotropic Thermal Diffusion on the Ablative Rayleigh-Taylor Instability (2007)

Linear theory of the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability in anisotropic diffusive materials is presented. This analysis indicates that enhancing diffusion in a plane transverse to the mean longitudinal flow can strongly reduce the growth of the instability. In the context of inertial confinement fusion, it is shown that anisotropic diffusion can be achieved using a laminated ablator made of successive layers of different diffusive properties. Numerical simulations confirm the theoretical predictions and indeed exhibit a significant stabilization of the ablation front for laminated ablators.
Graph Based Visual Servoing for Object Category (2017)

In this paper we consider the problem of servoing across different instances of an object category, in which given any exemplar from an object category the robot is required to attain a desired pose. The problem becomes relevant in practical scenarios where robots are entailed to handle a wide range of objects. The challenge here is to address the large intra-category variation in the shape of object instances. We propose a two-phase graph based visual servoing (GBVS) framework for instance invariant visual servoing. The first offline phase consists of constructing a dense graph from a large dataset of images of numerous object instances viewed under various camera poses. The vertices in the graph are images themselves and the edges represent visual servoing trajectory length predicted by our metric learning framework. The second online step requires computation of the shortest path and navigation over it through a succession of image based visual servoing (IBVS) manoeuvres. By considering cup as running example to represent an object category we validate the our approach qualitatively on images downloaded from Internet and quantitatively in terms of camera pose error on synthetic images. We report translation and rotation errors under 11% and 13% respectively.
Rapid scanning optical delay line based on a diffraction grating pair for a low-coherence reflectometer (2018)

We present a simple low-coherence time-domain interferometric reflectometer with a rapidly scanning optical delay line (RSODL) based on a non-parallel diffraction grating (DG) pair. The novelty of the solution is that the lightwave in the reference channel is focused on a galvo-mirror in a sub-mm static spot, which allows implementation of fast microelectromechanical systems scan optics. It is shown that the DG pair can be operated as a non-dispersive element that provides dynamic group delay of a reference lightwave. The DG pair system is also capable of tuning the RSODL dispersion from negative to positive values. The experimental depth range in air was obtained as large as 2.5 mm for axial resolution of 20 μm.
Laser-Induced Fluorescence Study of the S1 State of Doubly-Substituted 13C Acetylene and Harmonic Force Field Determination (2013)

In the first half of this study, rotational and vibrational constants of six Franck-Condon bright vibrational levels of S1 doubly-substituted (13)C acetylene are determined from laser-induced fluorescence spectra and an updated geometry of the trans conformer of S1 acetylene is obtained. In the second half, we determine the quadratic force field of S1 acetylene on the basis of the harmonic frequencies of four isotopologues of acetylene. The effects of both diagonal and off-diagonal x(ij) anharmonicities are removed from the input harmonic frequencies. Results from both experimental and theoretical studies of various isotopologues of acetylene (including those from the first half of this paper) are used to obtain a set of force constants that agrees well with ab initio calculations. Our set of force constants for S1 acetylene is an improvement over previous work by Tobiason et al., which did not include off-diagonal anharmonicities.
TinyBERT: Distilling BERT for Natural Language Understanding (2020)

Language model pre-training, such as BERT, has significantly improved the performances of many natural language processing tasks. However, pre-trained language models are usually computationally expensive, so it is difficult to efficiently execute them on resourcerestricted devices. To accelerate inference and reduce model size while maintaining accuracy, we first propose a novel Transformer distillation method that is specially designed for knowledge distillation (KD) of the Transformer-based models. By leveraging this new KD method, the plenty of knowledge encoded in a large "teacher" BERT can be effectively transferred to a small "student" Tiny-BERT. Then, we introduce a new two-stage learning framework for TinyBERT, which performs Transformer distillation at both the pretraining and task-specific learning stages. This framework ensures that TinyBERT can capture the general-domain as well as the task-specific knowledge in BERT.
Holography, vortices and qudits: encoding quantum information in optical spatial modes (2004)

Using quantum state tomography, we completely characterise entangled qubits and qutrits encoded in photons in different transverse spatial modes. We investigate using such entangled qutrits for quantum bit commitment, the basis of quantum coin flipping.
The expression ofMet/hepatocyte growth factor receptor gene in giant cell tumors of bone and other benign musculoskeletal tumors (2000)

Overexpression of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met/HGF receptor), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase encoded by the MET proto-oncogene, is involved in transformation and invasive behavior of human carcinomas and sarcomas. We have previously found that bone sarcomas express high levels of Met/HGF receptor while in some cases the ligand HGF is co-expressed with the receptor, activating an autocrine loop. In this study, we analyzed 40 biopsy samples of a collection of giant cell tumors and other rare benign tumors of bone for expression of the MET proto-oncogene. These included nonossifying fibromas, osteoblastomas, desmoplastic fibromas of bone, chondroblastomas, and giant cell tumors of bone. Snap frozen samples were tested for the MET and HGF gene expression by immuno-histochemistry and Western blotting with anti-MET antibodies and RT-PCR. Over 50% of all cases scored positive for MET expression being constantly positive in recurrent or locally aggressive lesions. Sporadic co-expression of the Met/HGF receptor and ligand is also demonstrated. Met/HGF receptor expression in benign bone neoplasms suggests its early involvement in sarcomagenesis.
The microRNA-17~92 cluster: Still a miRacle? (2009)

MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNAs, leading to translational repression or degradation. The polycistronic microRNA cluster comprises seven mature micro-RNAs (miR-17-5p and -3p, miR-18a, miR-19a and b, miR-20a and miR-92a) and has initially been linked to tumorigenesis. Meanwhile, additional functions have been assigned to the cluster such as the regulation of hematopoiesis and immune functions. Recently, loss-off-function studies revealed a critically role of the miR-17-92 cluster in heart and lung development and the individual miRNAs encoded by the cluster such as miR-17 and miR-92a were shown to control lung development and postnatal neovascularization, respectively. The present article summarizes the functions of the miR-17-92 cluster in health and disease and discusses the specific contribution and the targets of the individual miRNAs encoded by the cluster.
Acoustic Radiation Pressure of Plane Compressional Waves (1953)

Both electromagnetic and acoustic waves exert forces of radiation upon an obstacle placed in the path of the wave, the forces being proportional to the mean energy density of the wave motion. In electromagnetics the action of these forces is relatively easily understood through the concept of Maxwell's electromagnetic stress tensor.The physical processes leading to these forces in a sound wave have been found to be considerably more complex; the difficulties belong to the fact that the acoustic wave equation is not linear and that a beam of finite cross section is subject to effects caused by the surrounding medium.Though many papers have been devoted to the subject and though various theoretical approaches have been made, some difficulties still seem to stand in the way of a clear understanding of the physics of the problem.The purpose of the present study is especially to throw light on the physical aspects. The approach adopted, which uses the momentum theorem, is believed to serve this purpose especially well. The expression for the radiation pressure is given in both Eulerian and Lagrangian coordinate systems.Special consideration is given to liquids of constant compressibility, since in such media the processes involved can be dealt with mathematically in a simple manner. The general case of a plane reflector with arbitrary reflection coefficient is treated; the modus operandi of the forces at the interface between liquid and obstacle is explained for some special cases, including the radiation forces on the interface between two nonmiscible liquids.Finally, a general relation is established between the energy density and the pressure caused by radiation falling normally upon a plane reflector, which, under certain assumptions, is valid in any fluid and at any amplitude.
Children in Early Christian Narratives . By Sharon Betsworth. (2016)

Sharon Betsworth’s Children in Early Christian Narratives examines the place of children in the Gospel narratives, both canonical and non-canonical, and engages in what is known as ‘Childist Interpretation’, which takes seriously the role children play in narrative sources in order ‘to discover who the children are and what their stories are’ (p. 4). The book has nine chapters, including an Introduction, a Conclusion, and a chapter which offers an overview of the lives of children in the ancient Mediterranean context. The other six chapters are devoted to the four canonical Gospels as well as The Infancy Gospel of Thomas (IGT) and the Protoevangelium of James (PJ). One of the strengths of the book is that the children are seen in narrative context and connections made among the children who appear within each Gospel. One slight drawback is that this does not allow for general conclusions to be drawn among the Gospels as a whole, but the specific focus on the individual narratives transcends this minor disadvantage.