gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heuristic testing on task partitioning for heterogeneous cluster (2012)

Executing large task on a single machine requires CPU to have high processing power. In present environment, most machines are interconnected in a cluster and they are often underutilized. This paper explores heuristically the performance of homogeneous, heterogeneous and multi-core clusters. This work consists of three experiments: Equal task partitioning according to the number of nodes (homogeneous cluster), Equal task partitioning according to the number of nodes (heterogeneous cluster) and Equal task partitioning according to the number of cores (heterogeneous cluster). The task is based on edge detection method (Sobel) which is tested with an array of images. The images are processed in three different sizes; 1K x 1K, 2K × 2K and 3K × 3K. The performance evaluations are based on processing speed as parallel processing measurement. The results yield a list of critical criteria that influence the performance of processing speed in a heterogeneous cluster.
Glucose-induced stimulation of lipid methylation in pancreatic islets (1983)

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Variable-linewidth light source based on Brownian motion random walk in optical phase (2020)

We proposed a variable linewidth light source using random walk phase noise. As a demonstration, the impact of the laser linewidth on the error-vector magnitude performance in the optical QPSK transmission was evaluated by using the proposed laser source experimentally, where the linewidth tunable range was from 40 kHz to 5 MHz.
Interfacial Stability of Spherically Converging Plasma Jets for Magnetized Target Fusion (2000)

A fusion propulsion scheme has been proposed that makes use of the merging of a spherical distribution of plasma jets to dynamically form a gaseous liner to implode a magnetized target to produce the fusion reaction. In this paper, a study is made of the interfacial stability of the interaction of these jets. Specifically, the Orr-Sommerfeld equation is integrated to obtain the growth rate of a perturbation to the primary flow at the interface between the colliding jets. The results lead to an estimate on the tolerances on the relative flow velocities of the merging plasma jets to form a stable, imploding liner. The results show that the maximum temporal growth rate of the perturbed flow at the jet interface is very small in comparison with the time to full compression of the liner. These data suggest that, as far as the stability of the interface between the merging jets is concerned, the formation of the gaseous liner can withstand velocity variation of the order of 10% between the neighboring jets over the density and temperature ranges investigated.
Logic gates realized with spin dependent tunneling elements (2002)

The magnetoresistive effects are considered to improve existing electronic devices. The experimental feasibility of different concept's basic logic gates based on micron sized spin dependent tunneling (SDT) elements is verified, where the emphasize is put on field programmable spin-logic gates.\nThe thesis is organized as follows. First, the physical principles of spin dependent tunneling which are important for logic are reviewed. Then the principle of digital logic based on SDT elements is explained. Beside the discusssion of concepts known from literature, new concepts are introduced. The feasibility of mask programmable and field programmable logic gates based on SDT elements with a minimal feature of 600 nm is shown.\nCharacteristics of single SDT elements with impact on logic gates are investigated. The in-plane switching behavior of SDT element's soft magnetic (storage) layer is investigated for different shapes and aspect ratios down to a width of 600 nm. A systematic study on so-called astroids of micron-sized SDT elements is presented. Magnetostatic interactions of the magnetic layers within SDT elements are identified from these measurements.\nFor spin-logic gates, critical factors for working logic gates are identified. The measured statistical fluctuations of the resistance-area product and tunneling magnetoresistance of the SDT elements forming a spin-logic gate are measured and the corresponding yield of working spin-logic gates is calculated. Furthermore, the benefit of the introduction of a reference layer system which is switchable (programmable) by a current on chip is discussed. Concretely, the reference layer system Ru/CoFe is investigated. The physical origin of the increase of the CoFe coercivity with increasing thickness of the Ru-buffer is investigated. Finally, the magnetic stability, which is a prerequisite for a working spin-logic, is investigated for different designs of the tunneling stack.
Quantitative phase contrast imaging with a nonlocal angle-selective metasurface (2022)

Phase contrast microscopy has played a central role in the development of modern biology, geology, and nanotechnology. It can visualize the structure of translucent objects that remains hidden in regular optical microscopes. The optical layout of a phase contrast microscope is based on a 4 f image processing setup and has essentially remained unchanged since its invention by Zernike in the early 1930s. Here, we propose a conceptually new approach to phase contrast imaging that harnesses the non-local optical response of a guided-mode-resonator metasurface. We highlight its benefits and demonstrate the imaging of various phase objects, including biological cells, polymeric nanostructures, and transparent metasurfaces. Our results showcase that the addition of this non-local metasurface to a conventional microscope enables quantitative phase contrast imaging with a 0.02π phase accuracy. At a high level, this work adds to the growing body of research aimed at the use of metasurfaces for analog optical computing.
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate Triggers Platelet Aggregation by Activating Ca2+ Influx (1998)

Exogenous phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] stimulates the aggregation of washed rabbit platelets in a Ca2+- and dose-dependent manner. This aggregation is reversible at low PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 levels, but becomes irreversible when the concentration exceeds a threshold of about 20 microM. Other D-3 and D-4 phosphoinositides examined, including phosphatidylinositol 3, 4-bisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4)P2], phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2], and phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate [PtdIns(3)P], fail to exert appreciable platelet activation at comparable concentrations. In addition, PtdIns(3,4, 5)P3 can reverse the inhibitory effect of wortmannin on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Taken together with the observation that PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 is readily incorporated into cell membranes, these findings reaffirm the second messenger role of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in thrombin receptor activation. The existence of a PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent Ca2+ entry system on platelet membranes is supported by the partial inhibition of thrombin-induced Ca2+ influx by wortmannin. Evidence suggests that this system differs from receptor-operated nonselective Ca2+ channels. However, the mechanism by which PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 facilitates Ca2+ entry remains unclear. Although PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 has been known to stimulate phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma), internal Ca2+ mobilization does not play a significant role in the cytosolic Ca2+ increase in response to PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 stimulation. Collectively, these data provide a putative link between PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and Ca2+ signaling, which may, in part, account for the regulatory function of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 during platelet aggregation. Moreover, this study bears out the notion that individual PI 3-kinase lipid products play distinct roles in the regulation of cellular functions.
Broadband Compact Single-Pole Double-Throw Silicon Photonic MEMS Switch (2021)

Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) benefit from the technology advances in the semiconductor industry to incorporate an ever-increasing number of photonic components on a single chip to create large-scale photonic integrated circuits. We here present a broadband, compact and low-loss Silicon Photonic MEMS switch based on a Single-Pole Double-Throw (SPDT) architecture, where curved electrostatic actuators mechanically displace a movable input waveguide to redirect the optical signal on chip efficiently to either of two output waveguides. The photonic switch has been fabricated in an established silicon photonics technology platform with custom MEMS release post-processing. With a compact footprint of <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">65</b> × <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">62</b> μ <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</b> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><b>2</b></sup> , the switch exhibits an extinction ratio exceeding 23 dB over 70 nm optical bandwidth, a low insertion loss and a fast response time below 1 μs, meeting the requirements for integration in large-scale reconfigurable Photonic Integrated Circuits. [2020-0391]
Concepts of Neutron Polarisation Analysis Devices for a New Neutron Chopper Spectrometer, POLANO, in J-PARC (2014)

The basic concept of polarisation analysers with bender type supermirrors on the polarised neutron spectrometer, POLANO, which is now under construction in J-PARC/MLF, is described.
Introduction to Graphene-Based Nanomaterials (2014)

Beginning with an introduction to carbon-based nanomaterials, their electronic properties, and general concepts in quantum transport, this detailed primer describes the most effective theoretical and computational methods and tools for simulating the electronic structure and transport properties of graphene-based systems. Transport concepts are clearly presented through simple models, enabling comparison with analytical treatments, and multiscale quantum transport methodologies are introduced and developed in a straightforward way, demonstrating a range of methods for tackling the modelling of defects and impurities in more complex graphene-based materials. The authors also discuss the practical applications of this revolutionary nanomaterial, contemporary challenges in theory and simulation, and long-term perspectives. Containing numerous problems for solution, real-life examples of current research, and accompanied online by further exercises, solutions and computational codes, this is the perfect introductory resource for graduate students and researchers in nanoscience and nanotechnology, condensed matter physics, materials science and nanoelectronics.
Design and Implementation of Data Cloud Platform for CNC System (2017)

Reliable CNC machine tools can make the industrial production efficient and stable. The reliability of CNC system is a hot topic in the field of mechanical engineering. It is very meaningful to make suggestions to improve the reliability of CNC machine tools by collecting and analyzing the operation data of CNC machine tools. The data cloud platform of CNC system is designed and implemented in this paper. It is used to collect the data of CNC system and provide data service to the public. This data cloud platform, based on server cluster and big data processing framework, can effectively receive, forward, store and publish data of CNC system. The experiment proved that the system has high availability, high concurrency, high throughput and reliable disaster recovery ability.
Criteria for using the Superpave gyratory compactor to design airport HMA mixtures (2011)

Abstract Asphalt concrete pavements for commercial airport applications in the USA are constructed according to guidelines in Item P-401, 'Plant Mix Bituminous Pavements', Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circular 150/5370-10E. Item P-401 specifies the material characteristics and construction requirements for airport asphalt pavements, but does not currently provide guidance for using the Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) in the preparation of specimens used in the design of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. Nearly all state departments of transportation in the USA use the SGC along with the Superpave mix design procedure. Since most HMA mixes are used in roadways, many asphalt contractors no longer maintain expertise and equipment for conducting the Marshall mix design procedure currently used by the FAA. The lack of contractors familiar with the Marshall method may become a significant problem for the FAA in the future. This paper describes a laboratory study of the HMA mix design for airport pavements, which uses the SGC. The purpose of the study was to determine the number of gyrations with the SGC needed to design asphalt pavement mixtures for airports. A value of 70 gyrations is recommended for further evaluations based on the comparisons of volumetric measurements of HMA mixture specimens compacted using Marshall compaction with specimens from the same mixture compacted using Superpave gyratory compaction. Keywords: HMA compactionasphalt mix designSuperpave gyratory compactorMarshall mix designairport pavement Acknowledgements The work described in this paper was supported by The FAA Airport Technology Research and Development Branch Under The FAA-ERDC Interagency Agreement. The contents of the paper reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented within. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views and policies of the FAA. The paper does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Permission to publish was granted by Director, Geotechnical & Structures Laboratory, ERDC. Notes 1. Email: tdwhite@cee.msstate.edu 2. Email: ray.brown@usace.army.mil 3. Email: navneet.garg@faa.gov Additional informationNotes on contributorsThomas D. White 1 E. Ray Brown 2 Navneet Garg 3
A Preliminary Computational Investigation Into the Flow of PEG in Rat Myocardial Tissue for Regenerative Therapy (2019)

Myocardial infarction (MI), a type of cardiovascular disease, affects a significant proportion of people around the world. Traditionally, non-communicable chronic diseases were largely associated with aging populations in higher income countries. It is now evident that low- to middle-income countries are also affected and in these settings, younger individuals are at high risk. Currently, interventions for MI prolong the time to heart failure. Regenerative medicine and stem cell therapy have the potential to mitigate the effects of MI and to significantly improve the quality of life for patients. The main drawback with these therapies is that many of the injected cells are lost due to the vigorous motion of the heart. Great effort has been directed toward the development of scaffolds which can be injected alongside stem cells, in an attempt to improve retention and cell engraftment. In some cases, the scaffold alone has been seen to improve heart function. This study focuses on a synthetic polyethylene glycol (PEG) based hydrogel which is injected into the heart to improve left ventricular function following MI. Many studies in literature characterize PEG as a Newtonian fluid within a specified shear rate range, on the macroscale. The aim of the study is to characterize the flow of a 20 kDa PEG on the microscale, where the behavior is likely to deviate from macroscale flow patterns. Micro particle image velocimetry (μPIV) is used to observe flow behavior in microchannels, representing the gaps in myocardial tissue. The fluid exhibits non-Newtonian, shear-thinning behavior at this scale. Idealized two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of PEG flow in microchannels are then developed and validated using the μPIV study. The validated computational model is applied to a realistic, microscopy-derived myocardial tissue model. From the realistic tissue reconstruction, it is evident that the myocardial flow region plays an important role in the distribution of PEG, and therefore, in the retention of material.
Redistribution of Plantar Pressure with Pneumatic Insole (2014)

The abnormal, high repetitive stresses acting on the foot tissues can cause immediate breakdown of foot tissues, which will lead to ulcers and even a serious pathology like foot amputation. Therefore, this study aimed to design a pneumatic insole with pressure sensors and insole actuators which can reduce localized high pressure at regions that are typically at high risk of developing foot ulcers, such as first metatarsal head and heel region. Four healthy young participants were involved in this study. They were tasked to walk normally on a 9m walkway with normal insole and pneumatic insole. The findings showed that the peak plantar pressure was significantly reduced in first metatarsal head region (-45%, p=0.01) and heel region (-63%, p=0.02) while there is an increase in peak plantar pressure in second metatarsal head region (2%, p=0.49) but the difference was not significant. The pneumatic insole with pressure sensors and insole actuators can be used in prevention of foot ulcers by redistributng the plantar pressure.
Information presentation by inferring user's interests based on individual conceptual spaces (2000)

We present the system called Takealook, which personalizes information presentation according to the user's interests and knowledge. The system infers the user's interests from her/his question-and-answer interactions and the information presenters' conceptual spaces by using the related method of collaborative filtering. It then provides additional information about current contents and also recommends other related contents. The user's interests are represented by her/his own individual conceptual space (i.e., a set of related keywords) which is adapted to her/his preferences. In this paper we describe a method for personalizing the information presentation, implementating the system at reviewing an exhibition, and experimental results. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 31(10): 41–55, 2000
Reprogramming Transcription Factors Oct4 and Sox2 Induce a BRD-Dependent Immunosuppressive Transcriptome in GBM-Propagating Cells (2021)

A subset of stem-like cells in glioblastoma (GBM; GSC) underlies tumor propagation, therapeutic resistance, and tumor recurrence. Immune evasion is critical for GSCs to carry out these functions. However, the molecular mechanisms employed by GSCs to escape antitumor immunity remain largely unknown. The reprogramming transcription factors Oct4 and Sox2 function as core multipotency factors and play an essential role in the formation and maintenance of GSCs, but the roles of these transcription factors in GSC immune escape have not been well explored. Here we examine how Oct4/Sox2 coexpression contributes to the immunosuppressive phenotype of GSCs. Combined transcription profiling and functional studies of Oct4/Sox2 coexpressing GSCs and differentiated GBM cells demonstrated that Oct4 and Sox2 cooperatively induce an immunosuppressive transcriptome consisting of multiple immunosuppressive checkpoints (i.e., PD-L1, CD70, A2aR, TDO) and dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines that are associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, induction and function of BRD/H3k27Ac-dependent immunosuppressive genes played a role in the immunosuppressive phenotype of GSCs. Pan-BET bromodomain inhibitors (e.g., JQ1) and shBRD4 constructs significantly inhibited the immunosuppressive transcriptome and immunosuppressive biological responses induced by Oct4/Sox2. Our findings identify targetable mechanisms by which tumor-propagating GSCs contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment in GBM. SIGNIFICANCE: This report identifies mechanisms by which the reprogramming transcription factors Oct4 and Sox2 function to drive the immunomodulatory transcriptome of GSCs and contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment in GBM.
The amygdaloid body of two carnivore species: The feliform banded mongoose and the caniform domestic ferret (2020)

The current study provides an analysis of the cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture, and chemoarchitecture of the amygdaloid body of the banded mongoose (Mungos mungo) and domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Using architectural and immunohistochemical stains, we observe that the organization of the nuclear and cortical portions of the amygdaloid complex is very similar in both species. The one major difference is the presence of a cortex-amygdala transition zone observed in the domestic ferret that is absent in the banded mongoose. In addition, the chemoarchitecture is, for the most part, quite similar in the two species, but several variances, such as differing densities of neurons expressing the calcium-binding proteins in specific nuclei are noted. Despite this, certain aspects of the chemoarchitecture, such as the cholinergic innervation of the magnocellular division of the basal nuclear cluster and the presence of doublecortin expressing neurons in the shell division of the accessory basal nuclear cluster, appear to be consistent features of the Eutherian mammal amygdala. The domestic ferret presented with an overall lower myelin density throughout the amygdaloid body than the banded mongoose, a feature that may reflect artificial selection in the process of domestication for increased juvenile-like behavior in the adult domestic ferret, such as a muted fear response. The shared, but temporally distant, ancestry of the banded mongoose and domestic ferret allows us to generate observations relevant to understanding the relative influence that phylogenetic constraints, adaptive evolutionary plasticity, and the domestication process may play in the organization and chemoarchitecture of the amygdaloid body.
Timing resolution improved by DOI information in an LYSO TOF-PET detector (2007)

Depth-of-interaction (DOI) detectors are considered to be advantageous to time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) because they can observe timing error arising in the scintillation crystals due to a propagation speed difference between annihilation radiation and scintillation photons. We experimentally measured this timing error in our four-layer DOI detector. The upper layer exhibited a larger timing delay due to the longer path length after conversion from annihilation radiation into scintillation photons that traveled with the zigzag paths at a decreased speed by a factor of the refractive index (n). The maximum timing delay between the first and fourth layers was evaluated as 164 ps when n=1.47. Because this delay can be corrected using three-dimensional crystal address, thick detector can be employed for TOF-PET to achieve a higher sensitivity without degrading the timing resolution. This demonstration was the first step for a DOI-TOF-PET.
[Survival analysis example based on an event history model from a clinical trial in cardiology]. (1999)

Our analysis indicates that beta-blocker therapy should not necessarily be stopped in patients who experience a non lethal cardiovascular event under treatment. This finding requires confirmation in a separate setting.