gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The inhibitory microcircuit of the substantia nigra provides feedback gain control of the basal ganglia output (2014)

Dysfunction of the basal ganglia produces severe deficits in the timing, initiation, and vigor of movement. These diverse impairments suggest a control system gone awry. In engineered systems, feedback is critical for control. By contrast, models of the basal ganglia highlight feedforward circuitry and ignore intrinsic feedback circuits. In this study, we show that feedback via axon collaterals of substantia nigra projection neurons control the gain of the basal ganglia output. Through a combination of physiology, optogenetics, anatomy, and circuit mapping, we elaborate a general circuit mechanism for gain control in a microcircuit lacking interneurons. Our data suggest that diverse tonic firing rates, weak unitary connections and a spatially diffuse collateral circuit with distinct topography and kinetics from feedforward input is sufficient to implement divisive feedback inhibition. The importance of feedback for engineered systems implies that the intranigral microcircuit, despite its absence from canonical models, could be essential to basal ganglia function. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02397.001.
Metabolic enzyme cost explains variable trade-offs between microbial growth rate and yield (2018)

Microbes may maximize the number of daughter cells per time or per amount of nutrients consumed. These two strategies correspond, respectively, to the use of enzyme-efficient or substrate-efficient metabolic pathways. In reality, fast growth is often associated with wasteful, yield-inefficient metabolism, and a general thermodynamic trade-off between growth rate and biomass yield has been proposed to explain this. We studied growth rate/yield trade-offs by using a novel modeling framework, Enzyme-Flux Cost Minimization (EFCM) and by assuming that the growth rate depends directly on the enzyme investment per rate of biomass production. In a comprehensive mathematical model of core metabolism in E. coli, we screened all elementary flux modes leading to cell synthesis, characterized them by the growth rates and yields they provide, and studied the shape of the resulting rate/yield Pareto front. By varying the model parameters, we found that the rate/yield trade-off is not universal, but depends on metabolic kinetics and environmental conditions. A prominent trade-off emerges under oxygen-limited growth, where yield-inefficient pathways support a 2-to-3 times higher growth rate than yield-efficient pathways. EFCM can be widely used to predict optimal metabolic states and growth rates under varying nutrient levels, perturbations of enzyme parameters, and single or multiple gene knockouts.
Evaluation model of enterprise business model reconstruction in mobile internet era (2016)

Internet has penetrated into all aspects of social life, changed people's production and life, and brought profound effect on the traditional business model, causing unprecedented upheaval in traditional enterprise market and environment. However, current researches on the influence of Internet on the traditional business model are still lack of appropriate model and method. Therefore, how to build appropriate model, use proper method to carry out quantitative researches on the influence of Internet to the enterprise business model and whether Internet can subvert the traditional business model has become a key issue to be studied. Aiming at the problem, this paper constructs service bridge model for the quantitative analysis the change extent of Internet on different industries. According to the designed model, built the experimental system for testing the model, using computational experiment method to analyze and evaluate various aspects impact of the Internet. Manufacturing as an example for verification, the results show that service bridge model can be used to quantitative analysis different sectors; Internet has some impact on the development of manufacturing, however, it can't subvert manufacturing current business model.
Effect of Rim Seal Configuration on Gas Turbine Cavity Sealing in Both Design and Off-Design Conditions (2018)

The desired reduction of secondary air consumption of gas turbines is especially challenging when the sealing of stator-rotor cavities is concerned, where it is necessary to guarantee integrity against hot gas ingestion. Sealing and thermal performance of gas turbine stator-rotor cavities are directly dependent on the rim configuration. This paper provides a CFD-based characterization of heavy-duty gas turbine wheel-spaces when dealing with real engine operating conditions and geometries. Focusing on the rim seal configuration, the geometrical arrangement of the ingestion-cavity, the buffer-cavity and the inner cavities were investigated to improve the ingress flow-discouraging behaviour. The study reveals that the most important geometrical parameters affecting the rim sealing effectiveness are those related to the ingestion-cavity. Moreover, an empirical model to predict the stator-rotor cavity sealing performance in off-design conditions was proposed. The model, that consists in an extension of a well-known literature approach, performed well at the analysed operating conditions, confirming to be an excellent tool for the early design phases. Finally, an investigation on the unsteady behaviour of the seal highlights a coupling with an acoustic mode of the cavity, suggesting possible reasons to justify the presence of rotating structures embedded into the cavity flow.
Evaluation of Neutron Dose to Radiotherapy Patients Treated with 10 MV X-ray Beams Based on Photoneutron Spectrometry (2004)

Neutron dose to radiotherapy patients treated with 10MV x-ray beams was evaluated based on the spectrometry of incident photoneutrons. Neutron energy spectra could be obtained by unfolding measured responses of neutron capture rates of indium activation foils in a polyethylene phantom with response functions calculated by Monte Carlo simulation. Unfolded neutron spectra inside and outside the x-ray beam indicated that photoneutrons distributed in the energy region of less than 1MeV with the maximum fluence per unit lethargy at around 0.1MeV. Effective dose to the patient was adopted as a fundamental protection quantity since photoneutrons from the accelerator head were found to enter the whole body of the patient with approximately flat intensity. Outside the X-ray beam, the dose was evaluated to be 59μSv/photon Gy from the neutron energy fluence to the effective dose conversion-coefficients tabulated by the ICRP for anterior-posterior irradiation geometry. Since total effective dose received by the patient during the treatment period corresponding to an integral photon dose of 60Gy was estimated to be as small as 3.5mSv, no additional shield would be required for contaminant photoneutrons generated by 10MV therapeutic x-rays.
β1 Integrin Maintains Integrity of the Embryonic Neocortical Stem Cell Niche (2009)

During embryogenesis, the neural stem cells (NSC) of the developing cerebral cortex are located in the ventricular zone (VZ) lining the cerebral ventricles. They exhibit apical and basal processes that contact the ventricular surface and the pial basement membrane, respectively. This unique architecture is important for VZ physical integrity and fate determination of NSC daughter cells. In addition, the shorter apical process is critical for interkinetic nuclear migration (INM), which enables VZ cell mitoses at the ventricular surface. Despite their importance, the mechanisms required for NSC adhesion to the ventricle are poorly understood. We have shown previously that one class of candidate adhesion molecules, laminins, are present in the ventricular region and that their integrin receptors are expressed by NSC. However, prior studies only demonstrate a role for their interaction in the attachment of the basal process to the overlying pial basement membrane. Here we use antibody-blocking and genetic experiments to reveal an additional and novel requirement for laminin/integrin interactions in apical process adhesion and NSC regulation. Transient abrogation of integrin binding and signalling using blocking antibodies to specifically target the ventricular region in utero results in abnormal INM and alterations in the orientation of NSC divisions. We found that these defects were also observed in laminin alpha2 deficient mice. More detailed analyses using a multidisciplinary approach to analyse stem cell behaviour by expression of fluorescent transgenes and multiphoton time-lapse imaging revealed that the transient embryonic disruption of laminin/integrin signalling at the VZ surface resulted in apical process detachment from the ventricular surface, dystrophic radial glia fibers, and substantial layering defects in the postnatal neocortex. Collectively, these data reveal novel roles for the laminin/integrin interaction in anchoring embryonic NSCs to the ventricular surface and maintaining the physical integrity of the neocortical niche, with even transient perturbations resulting in long-lasting cortical defects.
Assessing process-centered software engineering environments (1997)

Process-centered software engineering environments (PSEEs) are the most recent generation of environments supporting software development activities. They exploit an representation of the process (called the process model that specifies how to carry out software development activities, the roles and tasks of software developers, and how to use and control software development tools. A process model is therefore a vehicle to better understand and communicate the process. If it is expressed in a formal notation, it can be used to support a variety of activities such as process analysis, process simulation, and process enactment. PSEEs provide automatic support for these activities. They exploit languages based on different paradigms, such as Petri nets and rule-based systems. They include facilities to edit and analyze process models. By enacting the process model, a PSEE provides a variety of services, such as assistance for software developers, automation of routine tasks, invocation and control of software development tools, and enforcement of mandatory rules and practices. Several PSEEs have been developed, both as research projects and as commercial products. The initial deployment and exploitation of this technology have made it possible to produce a significant amount of experiences, comments, evaluations, and feedback. We still lack, however, consistent and comprehensive assessment methods that can be used to collect and organize this information. This article aims at contributing to the definition of such methods, by providing a systematic comparison grid and by accomplishing an initial evaluation of the state of the art in the field. This evaluation takes into account the systems that have been developed by the authors in the past five years, as well as the main characteristics of other well-known environments
MARINE GAS TURBINE DIAGNOSTIC TESTING (1976)

ABSTRACT Although rig testing is widely used in advanced research, testing of complete marine gas turbine engines (under controlled environmental conditions) is the economical method for determining specific suitability and weak areas. The damaging effects of salt water introduced by working fluids combined with long periods of high power operation predominate in the marine field. Naval gas turbines also endure frequent starts and thermal cycling. Although the hot section (high temperature nozzles, turbine blades and combustors) is most vulnerable and justifiably the focus of testing attention, deterioration of moderate temperature parts (power turbine, compressor, casing, support structure) must be alertly evaluated. The test agenda is designed to explore the engine's ability to meet expected service commitments. Inspections – visual, dimensional, photographic, chemical and metallurgical – provide facts needed for engine evaluation and improvement. The importance of diagnostic testing is defined, discussed and illustrated.
Broadside resonance scattering from elastic spheroids (1989)

The authors study the scattering of monochromatic plane acoustic waves incident at 90 degrees angles relative to the axis of symmetry (i.e. broadside or beam aspect) on solid elastic spheroids. In this analysis, the aspect ratios of the spheroids vary in the range 2<or=L/D<or=5 in steps of one. The nondimensional frequency kL/2 is kept within the band 2<or=kL/2<or=24. A numerical solution based on a modification of the T-matrix method is generated. The authors generate predictions for the backscattered echoes and graphically display their frequency dependence in order to study the resonance features present within them. In this three-dimensional study, the authors identify the (leaky) Rayleigh-type resonances consistent with those present in infinite cylinders.<<ETX>>
Analytics at Scale: Evolution at Infrastructure and Algorithmic Levels (2022)

Data Analytics is at the core of almost all modern ap-plications ranging from science and finance to healthcare and web applications. The evolution of data analytics over the last decade has been dramatic - new methods, new tools and new platforms - with no slowdown in sight. This rapid evolution has pushed the boundaries of data analytics along several axis including scalability especially with the rise of distributed infrastructures and the Big Data era, and interoperability with diverse data management systems such as relational databases, Hadoop and Spark. However, many analytic application developers struggle with the challenge of production deployment. Recent experience suggests that it is difficult to deliver modern data analytics with the level of reliability, security and manageability that has been a feature of traditional SQL DBMSs. In this tutorial, we discuss the advances and innovations introduced at both the infrastructure and algorithmic levels, directed at making analytic workloads scale, while paying close attention to the kind of quality of service guarantees different technology provide. We start with an overview of the classical centralized analytical techniques, describing the shift towards distributed analytics over non-SQL infrastructures. We contrast such approaches with systems that integrate analytic functionality inside, above or adjacent to SQL engines. We also explore how Cloud platforms' virtualization capabilities make it easier - and cheaper - for end users to apply these new analytic techniques to their data. Finally, we conclude with the learned lessons and a vision for the near future.
Key Data Gaps for Understanding Trends in Prescription Opioid Analgesic Abuse and Diversion Among Chronic Pain Patients and Nonmedical Users (2010)

Population dynamics of medical and nonmedical prescription opioid usage and adverse outcomes were modeled. Critical parameter values were determined by their amount of influence on model behavior. Results suggest that closing these data gaps would help researchers to better identify ways to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes.
On ideology of "socialistic developing stages" of Mao Zedong (2004)

Mao Zedong is the chief leader of the first generation leading collective of Chinese Communist Party.The theory
of the solialistic developming stage put forward by him is the source of the theory of the socialistic primary developing stage by
Deng Xiaoping. It is still of great practical importance. now.
Bombesin stimulation of DNA synthesis and cell division in cultures of Swiss 3T3 cells. (1983)

Bombesin is shown to be a potent mitogen for Swiss 3T3 cells. At nanomolar concentrations the peptide markedly enhances the ability of fresh serum to stimulate DNA synthesis in confluent and quiescent cultures of these cells. In the presence of a low concentration (3.5%) of serum, bombesin stimulates 3T3 cell proliferation. In serum-free medium, bombesin induces DNA synthesis in the absence of any other added growth factor; half-maximal effect is obtained at 1 nM. The mitogenic effect of bombesin is dependent on dose and time, is mimicked by litorin, and is markedly potentiated by insulin, colchicine, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast-derived growth factor. These mitogens increase the maximal response elicited by bombesin and decrease the bombesin concentration required to produce half-maximal effect (from 1 nM to 0.3 nM). In contrast, vasopressin, phorbol esters, or cAMP increasing agents fail to enhance the maximal level of DNA synthesis induced by bombesin. Bombesin and litorin may provide useful model peptides for studies on the mechanism(s) by which extracellular ligands control cell proliferation.
Evaluation of green tea extract as a glazing material for shrimp frozen by cryogenic and air-blast freezing (2010)

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract (GTE) is rich in polyphenolic compounds, especially catechins that are potent antioxidants. The antioxidant property of GTE may make it ideal for use as a glazing solution for suppressing lipid oxidation in shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) during frozen storage. In this study, GTE was evaluated as a glazing material for shrimp frozen by air-blast (BF) and cryogenic freezing (CF). Two percent, three percent and/or five percent green tea extract solutions (2GTE, 3GTE, 5TGE) were used for glazing. Distilled water glazed (GDW) and non-glazed (NG) shrimp were used as controls. The GTE was characterized by measuring color, pH, &176;Brix, total phenols, % antiradical activity and the individual catechins were identified by HPLC. The freezing time, freezing rate and energy removal rate for freezing shrimp by both freezing processes was estimated. The frozen shrimp samples were stored in a freezer at -21&176;C for 180 days. Samples were analyzed at 1, 30, 90 and 180 days for pH, moisture content, glazing yield, thaw yield, color, cutting force and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The HPLC analysis of the GTE revealed the presence of catechin and its isomers and the total polyphenol content determined by HPLC was 148.1 ± 2.49 g/l. The freezing time for air-blast and cryogenic freezing was 48.67 ± 2.30 min and 4.83 ± 0.29min respectively. Cryogenic freezing had an energy removal rate (836.67 ± 78.95 J/s) nearly ten times higher than blast freezing (80.26 ± 3.82 J/s). The pH of all samples increased with increase in frozen storage time and there was no significant difference among treatments. Glazed samples had higher moisture content compared to NG shrimp after 180 days storage. Glazing improved the thaw yield of shrimp. GTE was effective in controlling lipid oxidation in shrimp. Cryogenically frozen shrimp glazed with 5 % green tea extract (CF5GTE) had the lowest lipid oxidation at the end of 180 days. Glazing with GTE affected a* and b* values, but had no significant effect on the L* values of shrimp. The cutting force of all NG shrimp was significantly lower than that of glazed shrimp. This study showed that green tea extract could be successfully applied as an antioxidant glaze for frozen storage of shrimp.
Patterning via optical-saturable transformations: A review and simple simulation model (2014)

Most of the nanoscale fabrication in the semiconductor industry is based on patterning with scanning-electron beam lithography (SEBL). Although this approach is very versatile and has very high resolution, it is intrinsically a serial writing process, and therefore, relatively slow. Our group has been investigating alternative nano-fabrication techniques, adapted from ideas of saturating optical transitions such as those used in stimulated emission-depletion microscopy and related methods, and optical interference lithography. Linewidths and resolutions on the scale of a few tens of nanometers and below are highly desirable for various applications in nanotechnology. However, the spatial resolution of optical lithography is restricted by diffraction. In the past, we developed absorbance modulation to overcome this limit. This approach utilizes photochromic molecules that can be optically switched between two thermally stable states, one opaque and the other transparent. However, absorbance modulation is limited to surface (2-D) patterning. Here, we report on an alternative approach that exploits unique combinations of spectrally selective reversible and irreversible photochemical transitions to achieve deep subwavelength resolution with potential extension to 3-dimensions. This approach, which we refer to as patterning via optical-saturable transformations have the potential for massive parallelism, enabling the creation of nanostructures and devices at a speed far surpassing what is possible with SEBL. The aim of our research is to translate the success in circumventing Abbe's diffraction limit in optical microscopy to optical lithography.
Battery cell engineering and design to reach high energy (2023)

Improved high energy capacity designs for lithium ion batteries are described that take advantage of the properties of high specific capacity anode active compositions and high specific capacity cathode active compositions. In particular, specific electrode designs provide for achieving very high energy densities. Furthermore, the complex behavior of the active materials is used advantageously in a radical electrode balancing design that significantly reduced wasted electrode capacity in either electrode when cycling under realistic conditions of moderate to high discharge rates and/or over a reduced depth of discharge.
Comparison of Short Term Clinical Results Between Epi-LASIK and Femtosecond LASIK (2010)

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The vectorial release of nascent immunoglobulin peptides (1971)

A microsomal preparation from a mouse plasmacytoma, MOPC 47A, that secretes immunoglobulin A was used to study the release of nascent immunoglobulin peptides in vitro. Nascent chains were released with puromycin and characterized with specific antiserum against the immunoglobulin product of the tumour. When the tissue had been prelabelled with [(3)H]leucine the experiments were complicated by the large background of completed radioactive polypeptides in the microsomal preparation. Up to one-third of the released radioactivity in the microsomal preparation could be recognized as immunoglobulin. With [(3)H]-puromycin as the radioactive label, however, the results are much easier to interpret, although the proportion of released radioactivity that can be identified as immunoglobulin is lower (up to one-tenth). Both types of experiment demonstrate that all of the recognizable nascent immunoglobulin chains remain in association with the microsomal vesicles after release from the ribosomes.