gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of a Highly Reducing Neutral “Extended Viologen” and the Isostructural Hydrocarbon 4,4‘ ‘‘ ‘-Di-n-octyl-p-quaterphenyl (2005)

The molecule 4,4''''-di-n-octyl-p-quaterphenyl was synthesized in one step by a nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. Powder X-ray diffraction shows that it crystallizes in a layered structure with the long axis of the molecule nearly perpendicular to the layer plane. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates a transition to a liquid-crystalline phase at 81 degrees C. Reaction of 4,4'-bis(4-pyridyl)biphenyl with 1-bromooctane yields the dication 2(2+) 2Br-, an "extended viologen" isostructural with 4,4''''-di-n-octyl-p-quaterphenyl. Reduction of 2(2+) 2Br- with sodium amalgam in DMF yields 2, the first neutral extended viologen to be isolated. The molecule 2 is, to the best of our knowledge, the most reducing neutral organic molecule that has been synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that a diradical form, either singlet or triplet, makes an important contribution to the electronic structure of 2. The broadened 1H NMR spectrum of 2 indicates the presence of a triplet, but it has not been possible to observe the triplet by ESR spectroscopy. The electronic structure of 2 appears to be closely related to that of a classic molecule, Chichibabin's hydrocarbon.
Metastatic seminoma treated with either single agent carboplatin or cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy: a pooled analysis of two randomised trials (2004)

To study the role of single agent carboplatin chemotherapy in patients with metastatic seminoma based on the data from two randomised trials. In subgroup analyses in patients with different disease characteristics, the outcome treated with either single agent carboplatin or cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy was compared. Individual patient data from two randomised European trials involving patients with metastatic seminoma were gathered. The primary endpoint for all analyses was progression-free survival. The source data of 361 patients, 184 treated with cisplatin-based combinations and 177 treated with carboplatin single agent therapy, were entered into the analysis. Patient characteristics were comparable among the cisplatin-based and the carboplatin single agent treated patient groups with lymph nodes and lungs being the most frequent metastatic sites in 92 and 8% of patients, respectively. Overall, patients treated with single agent carboplatin had an inferior 5-year overall (89 and 94%; P=0.09) and progression-free survival rate (72 and 92%; P< 0.0001) compared with patients receiving cisplatin-based combinations. For all investigated subgroups (based on age, prior radiation therapy, metastatic sites), carboplatin single agent therapy was found to be inferior to cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. In conclusion, carboplatin single agent therapy cannot be recommended as standard treatment for any patient subgroup with advanced metastatic seminoma and cisplatin-based combination regimens remain the standard of care.
Biopsies Performed at Tertiary Care Centers are Superior to Referral Biopsies in Predicting Pathologic Gleason Sum (2008)

More accurate prediction of RP Gleason grade may be achieved if biopsy is performed and graded at tertiary care centers.
Novel Insights into Beta 2 Adrenergic Receptor Function in the rd10 Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa (2020)

<b>Background</b>: In retinitis pigmentosa (RP), inherited rod death is followed by cone loss and blindness. Why cones die is still a matter of consideration. Here, we investigate the pathogenic role of the sympathetic transmission in the rd10 mouse model of RP. <b>Methods</b>: Retinal levels of beta adrenergic receptor (BAR) 2 and norepinephrine (NE) were measured. After administration of the BAR1/2 blocker propranolol or the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 activator dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), retinal levels of HIF-1α, BAR2 or proteins involved in BAR2 desensitization were also measured. In DMOG treated mice, expression and localization of BAR2, inflammatory markers and cone arrestin were determined. Finally, rd10 mice were subjected to electroretinogram (ERG) analysis to assess rod and cone function. <b>Results</b>: In the rd10 retina, BAR2 overexpression and NE accumulation were found, with BAR2 immunoreactivity localized to Müller cells. BAR2 overexpression was likely due to desensitization defects. Upregulated levels of BAR2 were drastically reduced by propranolol that also restored desensitization defects. Due to the low level of HIF-1 consequent to the hyperoxic environment in the rd10 retina, we hypothesized a link between HIF-1 and BAR2. HIF-1α stabilization with DMOG resulted in i. increased HIF-1α accumulation, ii. decreased BAR2 levels, iii. restored desensitization processes, iv. reduced expression of inflammatory markers and v. increased cone survival without improved retinal function. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our results support a pathogenic role of the sympathetic system in RP that might help to understand why rd10 mice show a positive response to BAR blockers.
New benzimidazole-2-yl-substituted polybenzimidazoles: Synthesis, properties, and hydrodynamic characteristics (2009)

The synthesis of novel benzimidazole-2-yl-substited polybenzimidazoles and initial compounds has been described. The polymers are studied by FTIR spectroscopy, TGA, and TMA. The hydrodynamic properties of macromolecules are investigated by translational diffusion and viscometry in 96% H2SO4; the molecular characteristics of the polymers are determined. Positive temperature dependences for intrinsic viscosities of the polymers are obtained. The polymers under study possess high hydrolytic stability with respect to sulfuric acid solutions up to 150°C and high thermal stability in the bulk. The TGA data correlate with the chemical structure of the polymers. The new polybenzimidazoles may be used as materials for the production of medium-temperature proton-conducting membranes.
Catching the Wily Hacker: A multilayer deception system (2012)

In recent years, enterprises have been facing a growing number of highly customized attacks using sophisticated techniques that seek to compromise important company assets. In this paper, we propose a multi-layer deception system that provides an in depth defense against such sophisticated attacks. Specifically, based on previous knowledge and patterns of such attacks, we model the attacker as trying to compromising an enterprise network via multiple stages of penetration and propose defenses at each of these layers using deception based detection. We present a proof of concept implementation of one of the key deception methods proposed. Due to various financial constraints of an enterprise, we model the design of the deception system as an optimization problem in order to minimize the expected losses due to system deployment and asset compromise.
UTILIZATION OF EPOETIN ALFA (EPO) AND DARBEPOETIN ALFA (DARB) IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS. (2006)

Mody, S; Watson, S; McKenzie, R S; Raut, M; Smith, J; Wallace, R; He, J Author Information
Evaluation of Banded Iron Formation using Magnetic Susceptibility (2015)

In a banded magnetite deposit where assays gave no indication of concentrate yield, information required for process plant design was derived from downhole magnetic susceptibility logs.Early analysis showed poor correlation between Davis Tube Recovery (DTR) and downhole magnetic susceptibility. The role of anisotropy in this relationship was identified and a correction factor applied to bring all data to an equivalent core to bedding angle. The result was a very high definition measure of in-situ magnetite distribution from which product yield estimates could be made.The definition of ore type according to magnetic susceptibility profile enabled the content of potential Run of Mine ore to be characterised. Information required for front end plant design relating to economic cut-off grade, magnetic separator configuration and waste rock volumes could be estimated at an early stage of project development.The use of geophysical data has now been applied successfully to other banded formations where conventional mining block models fail to deliver the resolution of data required by process engineers.
A Serine Protease in Soybean Seeds That Acts Specifically on the Native α Subunit of β-Conglycinin (1994)

A proteolytic activity directed against the alpha subunit of beta-conglycinin was detected in resting mature seeds of the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Keburi. The relationship between pH and activity and the effect of protease inhibitors revealed that the enzyme was a neutral/alkaline serine protease. The proteolysis of the alpha subunit of beta-conglycinin yielded a specific product with a molecular weight of about 47,000, as determined by SDS-PAGE, but the enzyme had no activity against the beta subunit. The amino acid composition, the molecular weight and the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the proteolytic product revealed that the action of the enzyme on the alpha subunit was specific, with cleavage occurring only at the R126-R127 peptide bond of the alpha subunit. These characteristics of the protease indicate that the enzyme is a novel protease that has not previously been recognized in soybean seeds.
Dynamic linking and loading in networked embedded systems (2009)

We present a holistic dynamic linking and loading mechanism in networked embedded systems. Our design and implementation are guided by four requirements, which are to provide (i) minimal code size (ii) efficient execution and loading speed (iii) portable design (iv) isolated kernel/application development. First, we develop a tool to minimize the standard ELF format via many techniques in order to reduce the code dissemination cost. Second, we employ the techniques of pre-relocating and pre-linking (to kernel functions) to reduce the run-time linking overhead, thus improving the loading speed. Third, based on relocatable ELF and the modular design of the dynamic linker and loader, our approach can be easily ported to different platforms. Fourth, by maintaining a kernel jump table, we provide a clean isolation between kernel and application development. We have implemented the dynamic linking and loading mechanism on SenSpire OS, a micro sensor node operating system. The evaluation results show that our design and implementation meet our design goals: the code size of our SELF format is only 15%–30% of that of standard ELF, 38%–83% of that of CELF, a compact ELF format for the Contiki operating system; the loading speed improvement varies from 40%–50% compared to the standard mechanism; our design is portable to both MicaZ and TelosB motes, and we allow updating both application modules and kernel services in isolation without prior knowledge about the whole system information.
SURG-02. Stereotactic Laser Ablation (SLA) followed by consolidation stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) as a treatment strategy for brain metastasis that recurred locally after initial radiosurgery (BMRS): a collaborative institutional experience (2021)

Abstract Introduction In independent clinical trials, ~30% of brain metastases recur locally after radiosurgery (BMRS). For these lesions, treatment with stereotactic laser ablation (SLA, also known as laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT)) alone achieves a 12-month local control (LC12) of 54–85% while repeat SRS achieved LC12 of 54–79%. Here, we report favorable outcomes for BMRS treated with SLA followed by consolidation radiosurgery (SLA/cSRS). Methods Clinical outcome of 18 patients with 19 histologically confirmed BMRS treated with SLA followed by consolidation SRS and &amp;gt;3 months follow-up were collected retrospectively across three institutions. Local control was defined as stability or decrease in contrast-enhancing (CE) and FLAIR volume. Results SLA achieved ablation of 73–100% of the BMRS CE volumes. Consolidation hypo-fractionated radiosurgery (5 Gy x 5 or 6 Gy x 5) was carried out 16–40 days post-SLA (median of 26 days). With a median follow-up of 185 days (range: 93–1367 days) and median overall survival (OS) of 185 days (range: 99–1367 days), 100% LC12 was achieved. 13/18 (72%) patients that required steroid therapy prior to SLA/cSRS were successfully weaned off steroid by three months post-SLA/cSRS. Post-SLA, KPS declined for 3/19 (16%) patients and improved for 1/19 (5%) patients. No KPS changes occurred subsequent to consolidation SRS. There were no 30-day mortalities or wound complications. Two patients required re-admission within 30 days of SRS (severe headache that resolved with steroid therapy (n=1) and new-onset seizure (n=1)). Except for two patients who suffered histologically confirmed, local failure at 649 and 899 days, all other patients are either alive (n=5) or died from systemic disease progression (n=11). None of the treated patients developed symptomatic radiation necrosis. Conclusions This collaborative institutional experience support efficacy and safety of SLA followed by consolidation SRS as a treatment for BMRS. The treatment strategy warrants further investigations.
Primary immunodeficiency in south China: clinical features and a genetic subanalysis of 138 children. (2013)

In recent years, the number of patients with PID has risen gradually in South China. Genetic testing can confirm diagnosis. Since PID seriously affects children's quality of life, it is important to diagnose, treat, and intervene early.We hope our clinical and genetic analyses of children with PID can provide diagnostic guidance for clinicians.
Non-foster broadband matching networks for electrically-small antennas (2016)

Design of non-Foster matching networks for monopole and loop printed antennas operating much lower their resonance frequencies are presented. Both matching networks consist of a non-Foster element (negative capacitance or negative inductance) to compensate partly the antenna reactance and a lumped-element transformer to convert the real part of the antenna impedance to 50 Ohm. The non-Foster elements are realized as transistor-based negative impedance converters. Advantages in the antenna matching bandwidth over conventional matching networks are demonstrated. Operational bandwidth of the transformer is shown to be one the main factors limiting the antenna matching bandwidth when using the non Foster matching networks under consideration.
A General Route to Mono- and Disubstituted Divinyl Sulfones: Acyclic Michael Acceptors for the Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Cyclic Sulfones (2011)

Nucleophilic C-S bond formation using easily available β-hydroxysulfonate derivatives allowed direct access to new mono- and disubstituted divinyl sulfones. Our strategy uses thioethanol (HSCH(2)CH(2)OH) and its analogues such as HSCH(2)CH(Y)OH generated in situ. The strategy also allows the synthesis of modified divinyl sulfones attached to chiral appendages like carbohydrates. Bis-heteronucleophilic Michael addition reactions with 1 equiv of a primary amine afforded new generations of S,S-dioxothiomorpholine derivatives known for their therapeutic applications. Further synthetic manipulations of some of these cyclic compounds led to the synthesis of novel bicyclic derivatives.
Assessment of the Ability of the Topical Skin Protectant (TSP) to Protect Against Contact Dermatitis to Urushiol (Rhus) Antigen (1999)

Background: Military personnel have a need for effective protection against cutaneous exposure to chemical warfare agents (CWA). Topical Skin Protectant (TSP) is being developed to supplement chemical warfare protective garments. TSP protects against CWA exposure in animals, but does it work for humans? Because humans should not be tested with live CWA, urushiol (poison ivy) extract was used as a surrogate substance in place of CWA for human efficacy testing of TSP. Objective: Determine whether TSP protects human skin against experimentally-induced urushiol dermatitis. Methods: Open urushiol patch testing of 50 rhus-sensitive subjects comparing the 96-hour dermatitis severity scores between TSP protected and TSP unprotected sites. There were 4 paired sites (i.e., protected versus unprotected) per subject. Test sites were scored using a 9-point dermatitis scale of 0.0 to 4.0 (using 0.5 increments). Results: Analysis of variance of the dermatitis scores from 192 paired sites on 48 evaluable subjects showed that TSP protected sites had mean dermatitis scores about 2 points lower than TSP unprotected sites (P< .001). Conclusion: Although this study does not provide direct scientific evidence that TSP protects humans against the percutaneous absorption of CWA, it doe3s provide circumstantial evidence that this is the case. The fact that TSP is so highly effective against a lipophilic substance like urushiol and that most common vesicant CWAs are lipophilic and are weaponized in oleaginous vehicles, makes the effectiveness of TSP in preventing absorption and dermatitis from CWA seem likely.
LATERAL LOADING TEST ON STEEL FRAMES WITH 3-SPANNED CONTINUOUS COMPOSITE BEAMS (1996)

The structural behaviors of continuously spanned composite beams in steel frames are investigated. Three of 1/3-scale models of one-story three-span steel frames with/without reinforced concrete (RC) slab were tested under lateral cyclic loading. The inner RC slab in a positive moment was subjected to larger compressive strain than the exterior RC slab, and also the larger number of shear connectors (headed studs) in composite beams resulted in a slight increase of compressive strain at the inner RC slab in a positive moment and even in a negative moment. The authors pointed out that the composite beams, even if assumed to fail in axial compression at RC slab, may fail in shear at studs because of the fact that the apparent shear strength of studs decreases with the number of studs increasing. Furthermore, the authors proposed the strain amplitude evaluation for the bottom flange of composite beams under cyclic loading.
Separation Control Using DBD Plasma Actuators: Thrust Enhancement Studies (2010)

A new plasma actuator design with features introduced to exploit discharge asymmetry is introduced. Compared to the conventional plasma actuator, the new design increases the thrust by about 70% when operated at the same frequency and voltage. ICCD camera visualization illustrates that discharge asymmetry during the Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) actuation cycle becomes greater with the new design. Computational results show that the new features contribute to discharge asymmetry and are consistent with the ICCD images. A pulse-driven scheme for the new plasma actuator design is introduced. I. Introduction ielectric Barrier Discharges (DBD) are used in such applications as ozone synthesis, flat plasma displays, environmental protection, surface treatment, and layer deposition 1 . A DBD plasma actuator, consisting of a dielectric barrier discharge operating in a surface-mode discharge with an asymmetric arrangement of electrodes, has the effect of imparting directed momentum to the flow in its vicinity. This is the result of collisional momentum transfer from the ions and electrons in the plasma with the neutral fluid molecules surrounding them. Based on this characteristic, the asymmetric DBD plasma actuator can be used for flow separation control over an airfoil, which is
Hopfield neural network based algorithms for image restoration and reconstruction. I. Algorithms and simulations (2000)

In our previous work, the eliminating-highest error (EHE) criterion was proposed for the modified Hopfield (1982) neural network (MHNN) for image restoration and reconstruction. The performance of the MHNN is considerably improved by the EHE criterion as shown in many simulations. In inspiration of revealing the insight of the EHE criterion, in this paper, we first present a generalized updating rule (GUR) of the MHNN for gray image recovery. The stability properties of the GUR are given. It is shown that the neural threshold set up in this GUR is necessary and sufficient for energy decrease with probability one at each update. The new fastest-energy-descent (FED) criterion is then proposed parallel to the EHE criterion. While the EHE criterion is shown to achieve the highest probability of correct transition, the FED criterion achieves the largest amount of energy descent. In image restoration, the EHE and FED criteria are equivalent. A group of new algorithms based on the EHE and FED criteria is set up. A new measure, the correct transition rate (CTR), is proposed for the performance of iterative algorithms. Simulation results for gray image restoration show that the EHE (FED) based algorithms obtained the best visual quality and highest SNR of recovered images, took much smaller number of iterations, and had higher CTR. The CTR is shown to be a rational performance measure of iterative algorithms and predict quality of recovered images.
The transition from hunterian ligation to intracranial aneurysm clips: a historical perspective (2006)

The description of cerebral aneurysms dates back to antiquity. Little was known, however, about the pathological mechanisms of aneurysm formation and treatment options for this disease until 200 years ago. The modern era of aneurysm treatment began with the hunterian ligation of the proximal artery, followed by clip and coil occlusion. In this article, the authors describe the transition from conservative therapy to internal carotid artery (ICA) ligation and gradual occlusion of the ICA to the direct placement of clips on aneurysms. The driving forces and rationale behind each major advancement are summarized, and the authors attempt to predict what these innovations mean for the future of intracranial aneurysm management.
Smoking and nicotine exposure delay development of collagen-induced arthritis in mice (2009)

Neither smoking nor nicotine exposure aggravates development of CII-induced arthritis in mouse model. Moreover, CS exposure was associated with a lower level of anti-CII antibodies, providing a possible explanation for a delay of arthritis onset in this group.
Smectic A* materials with 11.25 degrees induced tilt angle for full gray scale generation (1991)

Abstract In the SmC* phase, 22.5° tilt materials are optimum for cells operating in the birefringent mode (under idealized bookshelf conditions), while for SmA 11.25° at present is of special interest, since it makes it possible to induce a full 90° rotation of incoming plane-polarized light using a double-cell, or even a single cell in reflective mode. We present one of the first practical A mixtures yielding 11.25° tilt at room temperature and at moderate field strengths, at the same time being easily aligned and stable. The mixtures presented are ideally suited for use in continuous grey-scale double cells, in reflective single cells and, eventually in combination with semiconductive elements, in applications such as SLM:s (Spatial Light Modulators).
Printed Binomial-Curved Slot Antennas for Various Wideband Applications (2011)

This paper presents a new design of wide slot antenna for various wideband applications. The proposed printed antenna consists of a slot and a turning stub, both formed by a binomial curve function; thus, various bandwidths (BWs) can be obtained based on the structure with different binomial curves. Some key parameters affecting the antenna performance have been analyzed and discussed in detail as an antenna design guideline. To validate the theoretical design, six prototypes of various binomial-curved slot antennas were designed, fabricated, and measured. Good agreement between the simulated results and the measured ones is observed. The results demonstrate that the proposed type of antenna can obtain a BW range from 9.8% to 99.7% for VSWR ≤ 2 by selecting various binomial-curved slots, which may provide a convenience for various wideband antenna designs. Moreover, the proposed type of antenna owns a simple structure and a stable gain of about 3-5.5 dBi, which is very suitable for wideband wireless system applications.