gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of excimer laser irradiation on the transmission, index of refraction, and density of ultraviolet grade fused silica (1989)

Radiation-induced changes in high-purity fused silica during prolonged irradiation with a pulsed laser at 193 nm have been studied. Radiolytically induced UV absorption bands, an increase in index of refraction, and stress birefringence are observed. The formation mechanisms are analyzed in terms of radiolytic atomic rearrangement of a-SiO2 initiated by two-photon absorption. The quantum efficiency for the formation of E′ point defects per pair of absorbed 193 nm photons has been determined to be ∼7.5×10−4; matrix compaction, as high as a few parts in 10−5, is identified as the source of the birefringence and index change. It has been further observed that E′ centers can be photobleached.
Amino acid-based surfactants (2004)

There is a pressing need for developing efficiently surfactants that are biodegradable and biocompatible. Surfactant molecules from renewable raw materials that mimic natural lipoamino acids are one of the preferred choices for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Given their natural and simple structure they show low toxicity and quick biodegradation. The value of amino acids and vegetable oil derivatives as raw materials for the preparation of surfactants was recognized as soon as they were discovered early in the last century. The combination of polar amino acids/peptides (hydrophilic moiety) and non-polar long-chain compounds (hydrophobic moiety) for building up the amphiphilic structure has produced molecules with high surface activity. Our group has a wide experience in synthesis (chemical, enzymatic or, usually, by a combination of both methodologies) of amino acid-based surfactants obtained from the combination of natural saturated fatty acids, alcohols and amines with different amino acid head groups through ester and amide linkages. Thus, saturated single-chain, double-chain, and gemini surfactants of different ionic character have been found to be in all cases highly biodegradable, with low toxicity, ecotoxicity and irritation effects. Water solubility and self-aggregation properties were directly associated with the chemical structure of the molecule and only cationic lipoamino acids possessed antimicrobial activity. .
Measuring When a Music Generation Algorithm Copies Too Much: The Originality Report, Cardinality Score, and Symbolic Fingerprinting by Geometric Hashing (2022)

Abstract Research on automatic music generation lacks consideration of the originality of musical outputs, creating risks of plagiarism and/or copyright infringement. We present the originality report —a set of analyses that is parameterised by a “similarity score”—for measuring the extent to which an algorithm copies from the input music. First, we construct a baseline, to determine the extent to which human composers borrow from themselves and each other in some existing music corpus. Second, we apply a similar analysis to musical outputs of runs of MAIA Markov and Music Transformer generation algorithms, and compare the results to the baseline. Third, we investigate how originality varies as a function of Transformer’s training epoch. Fourth, we demonstrate the originality report with a different “similarity score” based on symbolic fingerprinting, encompassing music with more complex, expressive timing information. Results indicate that the originality of Transfomer’s output is below the 95% confidence interval of the baseline. Musicological interpretation of the analyses shows that the Transformer model obtained via the conventional stopping criteria produces single-note repetition patterns, resulting in outputs of low quality and originality, while in later training epochs, the model tends to overfit, producing copies of excerpts of input pieces. Even with a larger data set, the same copying issues still exist. Thus, we recommend the originality report as a new means of evaluating algorithm training processes and outputs in future, and question the reported success of language-based deep learning models for music generation. Supporting materials (data sets and code) are available via https://osf.io/96emr/ .
EDISON-WMW: Exact Dynamic Programing Solution of the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney Test (2016)

In many research disciplines, hypothesis tests are applied to evaluate whether findings are statistically significant or could be explained by chance. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (WMW) test is among the most popular hypothesis tests in medicine and life science to analyze if two groups of samples are equally distributed. This nonparametric statistical homogeneity test is commonly applied in molecular diagnosis. Generally, the solution of the WMW test takes a high combinatorial effort for large sample cohorts containing a significant number of ties. Hence, P value is frequently approximated by a normal distribution. We developed EDISON-WMW, a new approach to calculate the exact permutation of the two-tailed unpaired WMW test without any corrections required and allowing for ties. The method relies on dynamic programing to solve the combinatorial problem of the WMW test efficiently. Beyond a straightforward implementation of the algorithm, we presented different optimization strategies and developed a parallel solution. Using our program, the exact P value for large cohorts containing more than 1000 samples with ties can be calculated within minutes. We demonstrate the performance of this novel approach on randomly-generated data, benchmark it against 13 other commonly-applied approaches and moreover evaluate molecular biomarkers for lung carcinoma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We found that approximated P values were generally higher than the exact solution provided by EDISON-WMW. Importantly, the algorithm can also be applied to high-throughput omics datasets, where hundreds or thousands of features are included. To provide easy access to the multi-threaded version of EDISON-WMW, a web-based solution of our algorithm is freely available at http://www.ccb.uni-saarland.de/software/wtest/.
A hybrid weight-based and string distances using particle swarm optimization for prioritizing test cases (2017)

Regression testing is concerned with testing the modified version of software. However, to re-test entire test cases require significant cost and time. To reduce the cost and time, higher average percentage fault detection (APFD) rate and faster execution to kill fault mutant are required. Therefore, to achieve these two requirements, an improvement to existing Test Case Prioritization (TCP) technique for a more effective regression testing is offered. A weight-hybrid string distance technique and prioritization using particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. Distance between test cases and weight for each test case, and hybridization of both values for weight-hybrid string distance are calculated. This experiment was evaluated using Siemens dataset. Result obtained from this experiment shows that weight-hybrid string distance is capable of improving APFD values whereby APFD value for hybrid TFIDF-JC is equal to 97.37%, which shows the highest improvement by 4.74% as compared to non-hybrid JC. Meanwhile, for percentage of test cases needed to kill 100% fault mutants, hybrid TFIDF-M yields the lowest value, 22.88%, which shows a 76% improvement as compared to its non-hybrid string distance.
Practical and Efficient Synthesis of C2 Symmetrical Diamines with Zn/Me3SiCl (1998)

C 2 symmetrical diamines are efficiently obtained by reductive coupling of imines with the couple Zn/Me3SiCl. This high yielding method is very practical and cheap for large scale preparation.
Code Sharing Is Associated with Research Impact in Image Processing (2012)

In computational sciences such as image processing, publishing usually isn't enough to allow other researchers to verify results. Often, supplementary materials such as source code and measurement data are required. Yet most researchers choose not to make their code available because of the extra time required to prepare it. Are such efforts actually worthwhile, though?
ASKALON: a Grid application development and computing environment (2005)

We present the ASKALON environment whose goal is to simplify the development and execution of workflow applications on the Grid. ASKALON is centered around a set of high-level services for transparent and effective Grid access, including a Scheduler for optimized mapping of workflows onto the Grid, an Enactment Engine for reliable application execution, a Resource Manager covering both computers and application components, and a Performance Prediction service based on training phase and statistical methods. A sophisticated XML-based programming interface that shields the user from the Grid middleware details allows the high-level composition of workflow applications. ASKALON is used to develop and port scientific applications as workflows in the Austrian Grid project. We present experimental results using two real-world scientific applications to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Intrusion Detection System Using Deep Neural Network for In-Vehicle Network Security (2016)

A novel intrusion detection system (IDS) using a deep neural network (DNN) is proposed to enhance the security of in-vehicular network. The parameters building the DNN structure are trained with probability-based feature vectors that are extracted from the in-vehicular network packets. For a given packet, the DNN provides the probability of each class discriminating normal and attack packets, and, thus the sensor can identify any malicious attack to the vehicle. As compared to the traditional artificial neural network applied to the IDS, the proposed technique adopts recent advances in deep learning studies such as initializing the parameters through the unsupervised pre-training of deep belief networks (DBN), therefore improving the detection accuracy. It is demonstrated with experimental results that the proposed technique can provide a real-time response to the attack with a significantly improved detection ratio in controller area network (CAN) bus.
Complete Blood Count Score Model Predicts Inferior Prognosis in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (2021)

The CBC score model may be a promising predictive system for PCNSL patients.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of measles virus nucleocapsid protein in persistently infected neuroblastoma cells (1995)

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a slowly progressing fatal human disease of the central nervous system which is a delayed sequel of measles virus (MV) infection. A typical pathological feature of this disease is the presence of viral ribonucleocapsid structures in the form of inclusion bodies and the absence of infectious virus or budding viral particles. The mechanisms governing the establishment and maintenance of a persistent MV infection in brain cells are still largely unknown. To understand the mechanisms underlying MV persistence in neuronal cells, a tissue culture model was studied. Clone NS20Y/MS of the murine neuroblastoma C1300 persistently infected with the wild-type Edmonston strain of MV secretes relatively high levels of alpha/beta interferon (IFN). As shown previously, treatment of the persistently infected cultures with anti-IFN serum converted the persistent state into a productive infection indicated by the appearance of multinucleated giant cells. In this study, we have investigated whether alpha/beta IFN produced by NS20Y/MS cells activates cellular protein tyrosine kinases which will induce tyrosine phosphorylating activity specific to virus-infected cells. We present data to show augmented protein tyrosine kinase activity in the persistently infected cells. We demonstrate that the MV N protein is phosphorylated on tyrosine in addition to serine and threonine in the persistent state but not in NS20Y cells acutely infected with MV.
Fast Identification of Radical Scavengers from Securigera varia by Combining 13C-NMR-Based Dereplication to Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation (2015)

Securigera varia (Fabaceae) is a common herbaceous perennial plant widely growing in Europe and Asia and purposely established for erosion control, roadside planting, and soil rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to determine the radical scavenging activity of a crude methanol extract of S. varia aerial parts by using the free radical DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and to rapidly identify the compounds involved in this activity. The crude extract was initially separated in five fractions on Diaion HP20 resin and the most active part was fractionated by Centrifugal Partition Extraction (CPE). Known compounds were directly identified by a (13)C-NMR-based dereplication method. Semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography purification experiments were further performed to identify unknown or minor active compounds. As a result, one new (13) and twelve known flavonoid glycosides together with three nitropropanoylglucopyranoses were isolated, including astragalin (1), kaempferol-3-O-(6-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), kaempferol-3,4'-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), trifolin (4), isoquercitrin (5), hyperoside (6), isovitexin (7), isoorientin (8), isovitexin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (10), luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (11), apigenin 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (12), apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (13), 6-O-(3-nitropropanoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (14), coronillin (16) and coronarian (15). 120 mg of the most active compound isoorientin against the free radical DPPH was recovered by CPE with an HPLC purity of 99%.
Performance evaluation of MDT assisted LTE RF fingerprint framework (2014)

This paper presents a performance evaluation of the Radio Frequency (RF) fingerprinting framework for positioning using Minimization of Drive Testing (MDT) measurements specified in LTE (Long Term Evolution) Release 10. Methods based on Mahalanobis distance and Kullback-Leibler divergence are used for estimating the geographical locations. Performance evaluation of the framework is verified with system simulator by generating MDT measurement data in intra- and inter-frequency LTE network deployments with rural and urban configurations. The focus of the research is to understand how RF fingerprint positioning accuracy changes when taking into account the prospects and constraints of the RF fingerprints constructed from the MDT measurement data. The results of the study indicate that the performances of Mahalanobis distance and Kullback-Leibler divergence based methods are quite similar in rural deployments. However, in denser network deployments, Kullback-Leibler divergence based method tends to be much better for both intra- and inter-frequency environments, resulting in better than 21 meters and 38 meters positioning accuracies for 68 percent of MDT samples in studied urban scenarios, being well below the E911 emergency positioning requirements.
Determinants of PF4/Heparin Immunogenicity in a Murine Model of HIT. (2006)

Abstract Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life-threatening immune-mediated reaction caused by platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin complexes. In recent in vitro studies, we have shown that human and monoclonal HIT antibodies recognize and optimally bind to ultra-large complexes (ULC; MW&amp;gt;670kDa) formed at equimolar ratios of PF4 and heparin. We undertook the following studies to determine if the in vivo immunogenicity of PF4/heparin complexes showed similar requirements for stoichiometric molar ratios of PF4:heparin (PHR). Using a previously described murine immunization model, mice were immunized with antigen by retro-orbital injection daily for 5 days without adjuvant. Blood was collected at baseline and at weekly intervals for 4–6 weeks. Plasma was tested for antibody development by a murine PF4/heparin (mP+H) ELISA. To determine the effects of PHR on mP+H antibody production in vivo, PF4 was mixed with unfractionated heparin (UFH) at molar ratios of 2:1, 1:1 or 1:2 and injected into mice (n=5/cohort). Antibody levels (mean A450nm ± SD) of mice injected with PHR 2:1 (0.79 ± 0.77) were higher than mice injected with PHR 1:1 (0.23± 0. 2), or PHR 1:2 (0.09 ± 0.02, p&amp;lt;0.05 for PHR 2:1 v. PHR 1:2). Because in vitro studies showed that UFH was far more capable of generating ULCs when mixed with PF4 than low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or fondaparinux, mice (n=5/cohort) were injected with buffer, or mPF4 mixed with UFH, or enoxaparin (a LMWH) or the pentasaccharide, fondaparinux at doses that are therapeutically equivalent to doses given to humans. Antibody levels (mean A450nm ± SD) were significantly higher in mice injected with UFH (3.340 + 0.15) than in mice injected with buffer (0.0451 ± 0.013, p&amp;lt;0.001 for buffer v UFH), LMWH (0.8526 ± 0.44, p&amp;lt;0.001 for LMWH v UFH) or the pentasaccharide (0.80 ± 0.0.7, p&amp;lt;0.001 for pentasaccharide v UFH). Because PF4/heparin ULCs are composed of repeating structural antigenic units, we next investigated the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize repeating structural determinants on microbes and foreign antigens. To determine if mP+H complexes engage TLRs, we injected mP+H into wild-type (WT, n=5) or mice deficient in MyD88 (n=7), an adaptor molecule critical for intracellular signaling by most TLRs. Antibody levels (mean A450nm ± SD) did not significantly differ between WT (1.5 ± 0.6) and MyD88 null mice (0.9 ± 0.5). In summary, these studies indicate that in vivo antibody responses to mP+H complexes are critically dependent on stoichiometric ratios favoring ULC formation and that immune activation by PF4/heparin is independent of MyD88 signaling pathways.
Magnetron Sputtered Pt-based Coatings for Oxidation Protection of Titanium Aluminides (2007)

In the field of aerospace and automotive industry the development of light weight materials with resistance against high mechanical stresses as well as extreme environment is a main focus especially for economic and ecological reasons. With much lower density and excellent mechanical properties γ-TiAl alloys are promising candidates to replace the heavy steels and Ni-based superalloys. Protective coatings are necessary to exploit the full potential of gamma titanium aluminides at temperatures higher than 750°C; however, as yet no coating system tested has proven sufficient performance for long-term use in automotive and aerospace industry.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe paper is focused on the development of Pt-based coatings produced by magnetron sputtering. Three Pt containing systems with different aluminum contents - pure Pt, PtAl and PtAl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; - were investigated aiming at the formation of a slow growing and protective Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; scale. Oxidation resistance of all coating systems was tested at 950°C up to 1000 1h-cycles. Investigations of microstructure evolution will be presented observed by means of SEM and EDS analysis after exposure with regard to oxidation kinetics and lifetimes of the coating systems.&#13;\n
Interrupted IGF-1 Feedback in GHRH Neurons and Somatotrophs Results in Impaired Weight Gain and Increased Energy Expenditure (2021)

Abstract Growth hormone (GH) expression and release are thought to be primarily regulated by the counter-regulatory effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SST). Several reports generated in our lab and others suggest that there are other factors that regulate GH production, such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I). Using GH-Cre recombinase targeting of the somatotroph-specific IGF-1R knockout (SIGFRKO) mouse model, we have previously demonstrated the role of IGF-1 signaling in negative feedback regulation of GH production. This model, however, presented with an incomplete phenotype, suggesting additional regulatory pathways in the hypothalamus. To provide insight into this mechanism, we have developed new transgenic mouse models that maintain the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary GH axis, with the single exception of IGF-IR deficiency in both hypothalamic GHRH neurons and somatotroph cells, termed GHRH-somatotroph IGF-1R knockout (G-SIFGRKO). Axiological assessments showed normal linear growth until week 14 of age, both male and female G-SIFGRKO mice presented with a significant reduction in growth velocity compared to control animals. Indirect calorimetry assessment performed at 12–14 weeks of age demonstrated that G-SIFGRKO mice had higher volume O2 consumption and lower volume CO2 production associated with increased energy expenditure than controls. The calculated respiratory exchange ratio was significantly reduced in G-SIFGRKO mice with no changes observed in either ambulatory or total activity. Furthermore, glucose and insulin tolerance tests showed no differences in glucose metabolism between G-SIFGRKO and controls. Collectively, these data provide further confirmation of the combinatorial role of IGF-1 signaling in regulating GH production and, for the first time, highlight a new GHRH-IGF-1R mediated pathway to regulate body growth and energy balance. Targeting this pathway has the potential to lead to a better understanding of the intersection between growth and metabolism and therapeutic approaches for obesity.
On the Effect of Neutron Radiation on Mesogenic Cholesteryl Esters (1987)

Abstract The influence of ionizing radiation on the mesogenic properties of cholesterogens has been studied by several authors. The main conclusions of these works were: 1. The temperature of S-Ch transition and consequently the temperature of color response have been lowered after being irradiated linearly with an absorbed dose (and non-linearly with sufficiently high doses [6]) for all systems studied.2. The above have been caused by products of radiolysis of cholesterogen which acts as a dopant of CLC.The majority of these works were concerned with the influence of gamma-radiation on the solutions of mesogenic cholesteryl esters in organic solvents. In this paper, we present some interesting results of the preliminary studies on the effect of neutron radiation on the mesogenic properties of cholesteryl esters. Keywords: cholesteric liquid crystalscholesterol estersphase transitionsneutron radiation
Reversal of Fluoxetine-Induced Sexual Dysfunction by Switching to Escitalopram (2004)

Sexual dysfunction is a common complaint among patients taking selective serotonin reuptake-inhibiting (SSRI) antidepressants. Many options in managing this side effect have been described but none clearly is a first choice among clinicians. This paper describes the first published case of a patient having successful reversal of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction by switching from an SSRI to escitalopram, the newest antidepressant and SSRI approved for use in the United States. Clinical implication is discussed.
Cationic Platinum(II) σ‐SiH Complexes in Carbon Dioxide Hydrosilation (2016)

The low-electron-count cationic platinum complex [Pt(ItBu')(ItBu)][BAr<sup>F</sup> ], 1, interacts with primary and secondary silanes to form the corresponding σ-SiH complexes. According to DFT calculations, the most stable coordination mode is the uncommon η<sup>1</sup> -SiH. The reaction of 1 with Et<sub>2</sub> SiH<sub>2</sub> leads to the X-ray structurally characterized 14-electron Pt<sup>II</sup> species [Pt(SiEt<sub>2</sub> H)(ItBu)<sub>2</sub> ][BAr<sup>F</sup> ], 2, which is stabilized by an agostic interaction. Complexes 1, 2, and the hydride [Pt(H)(ItBu)<sub>2</sub> ][BAr<sup>F</sup> ], 3, catalyze the hydrosilation of CO<sub>2</sub> , leading to the exclusive formation of the corresponding silyl formates at room temperature.