gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic segmentation of different-sized leukoaraiosis regions in brain MR images (2008)

Cerebrovascular diseases are the third leading cause of death in Japan. Therefore, a screening system for the early detection of asymptomatic brain diseases is widely used. In this screening system, leukoaraiosis is often detected in magnetic resonance (MR) images. The quantitative analysis of leukoaraiosis is important because its presence and extension is associated with an increased risk of severe stroke. However, thus far, the diagnosis of leukoaraiosis has generally been limited to subjective judgments by radiologists. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a computerized method for the segmentation of leukoaraiosis, and provide an objective measurement of the lesion volume. Our database comprised of T1- and T2-weighted images obtained from 73 patients. The locations of leukoaraiosis regions were determined by an experienced neuroradiologist. We first segment cerebral parenchymal regions in T1-weighted images by using a region growing technique. For determining the initial candidate regions for leukoaraiosis, the k-means clustering of pixel values in the T1- and T2-weighted images was applied to the segmented cerebral region. For the elimination of false positives (FPs), we determined features such as the location, size, and circularity from each of the initial candidates. Finally, rule-based schemes and a quadratic discriminant analysis with these features were employed for distinguishing between the leukoaraiosis regions and the FPs. The results indicated that the sensitivity for the detection of leukoaraiosis was 100% with 5.84 FPs per image. Our computerized scheme can be useful in assisting radiologists for the quantitative analysis of leukoaraiosis in T1- and T2-weighted images.
Predicting customer purchase in an onlineretail business, a Data Mining approach. (2010)

Identifying segments of customers and their behavioral patterns over different time intervals, is an important application for businesses, especially in case of the last tier of the online retail chain which is concerned with “electronic Business-to-Customer relationship”
(B2C) . This is particularly important in dynamic and ever-changing markets, where customers are driven by ever changing market competition and demands. This could lead to the prediction of ‘churn’, or which customers are leaving the company’s loyalty. Also, the provision of customized service to the customers is vital for a company to establish long lasting and pleasant relationship with consumers. It has also been observed that keeping old customers generates more profit than attracting new ones. So, customer retention is a big factor too. So, there is
always a trade-off between customer benefits and transaction costs, which has to be optimized
by the managers.
The purpose of this thesis is to study, implement and analyze various Data-mining tools and techniques and then do an analysis of the sample / raw data to obtain a meaningful interpretation. Some of the data mining algorithms I have used, are a vector quantization based
clustering algorithm, and then an ‘Apriori’ based Association rule mining algorithm. The first one is aimed at a meaningful segregation of the various customers based on their RFM values,
while the latter algorithm tries to find out relationships and patterns among the purchases
made by the customer, over several transactions.
The critical radius in CDMA ad hoc networks (2005)

In ad hoc networks, it is necessary to suppress transmissions by nodes around the desired receiver in order to achieve successful communication. This minimum separation, the critical radius, has important implications on carrier sensing and other MAC-level protocols. Previously, the critical radius has not been well understood. The critical radius is investigated in CDMA ad hoc networks, with non-spread spectrum ad hoc networks being a special case where the spreading gain is unity. It is shown that the size of this exclusion zone has a large impact on the transmission capacity of ad hoc networks, and an optimal critical radius is found using stochastic geometry.
Multiparty Access Control for Online Social Networks: Model and Mechanisms (2013)

Online social networks (OSNs) have experienced tremendous growth in recent years and become a de facto portal for hundreds of millions of Internet users. These OSNs offer attractive means for digital social interactions and information sharing, but also raise a number of security and privacy issues. While OSNs allow users to restrict access to shared data, they currently do not provide any mechanism to enforce privacy concerns over data associated with multiple users. To this end, we propose an approach to enable the protection of shared data associated with multiple users in OSNs. We formulate an access control model to capture the essence of multiparty authorization requirements, along with a multiparty policy specification scheme and a policy enforcement mechanism. Besides, we present a logical representation of our access control model that allows us to leverage the features of existing logic solvers to perform various analysis tasks on our model. We also discuss a proof-of-concept prototype of our approach as part of an application in Facebook and provide usability study and system evaluation of our method.
Efficient large-scale protein sequence comparison and gene matching to identify orthologs and co-orthologs (2011)

Broadly, computational approaches for ortholog assignment is a three steps process: (i) identify all putative homologs between the genomes, (ii) identify gene anchors and (iii) link anchors to identify best gene matches given their order and context. In this article, we engineer two methods to improve two important aspects of this pipeline [specifically steps (ii) and (iii)]. First, computing sequence similarity data [step (i)] is a computationally intensive task for large sequence sets, creating a bottleneck in the ortholog assignment pipeline. We have designed a fast and highly scalable sort-join method (afree) based on k-mer counts to rapidly compare all pairs of sequences in a large protein sequence set to identify putative homologs. Second, availability of complex genomes containing large gene families with prevalence of complex evolutionary events, such as duplications, has made the task of assigning orthologs and co-orthologs difficult. Here, we have developed an iterative graph matching strategy where at each iteration the best gene assignments are identified resulting in a set of orthologs and co-orthologs. We find that the afree algorithm is faster than existing methods and maintains high accuracy in identifying similar genes. The iterative graph matching strategy also showed high accuracy in identifying complex gene relationships. Standalone afree available from http://vbc.med.monash.edu.au/∼kmahmood/afree. EGM2, complete ortholog assignment pipeline (including afree and the iterative graph matching method) available from http://vbc.med.monash.edu.au/∼kmahmood/EGM2.
A Deductive-Complete Constrained Superposition Calculus for Ground Flat Equational Clauses (2018)

We describe an algorithm that generates prime implicates of equational clause sets without variables and function symbols. The procedure is based on constrained superposition rules, where constraints are used to store literals that are asserted as additional axioms (or hypotheses) during the proof search. This approach is sound and deductive-complete, and it is more ecient than previous algorithms based on conditional paramodulation. It is also more exible in the sense that it allows one to restrict the search space by imposing additional properties that the generated implicates should satisfy (e.g., to ensure relevance).
Rib suppression in frontal chest radiographs: A blind source separation approach (2007)

Chest radiographs play an important role in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Detection of pulmonary nodules in chest radiographs forms the basis of early detection. Due to its sparse bone structure and overlapping of the nodule with ribs and clavicles the nodule is difficult to detect in conventional chest radiographs. We present a technique based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for the suppression of posterior ribs and clavicles which will enhance the visibility of the nodules and aid the radiologist in diagnosis.
Die Chemie der Hydroxamsäuren und N‐Hydroxyimide (1974)

Abstract Dieser Fortschrittsbericht behandelt in erster Linie Probleme der Struktur und der Reaktionen der Hydroxamsäuren und N ‐Hydroxyimide und gibt außerdem einen kurzen Überblick über einige der biologischen Wirkungen dieser Verbindungen. Besondere Bedeutung unter den Reaktionen hat die Lossen‐Umlagerung von O ‐acylierten Hydroxamsäuren, die zu Isocyanaten oder deren Folgeprodukten führt.
Spatial and Spectral Brightness Enhancement of High Power Semiconductor Lasers (2015)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rochester. Institute of Optics, 2015.
Comprehensive theory of dispersion in graded-index optical fibers (2000)

This paper presents a theoretical investigation on the dispersion in graded-index silica glass fibers under overfilled launching with equal excitation of modes. This theory incorporates both chromatic effect and modal contribution which takes not only the modal delay into account but also the distributed loss and mode-coupling. Random microbends are considered to be the most dominant source of coupling. All index perturbations and intrinsic core diameter variations are assumed to be negligible, but they could readily be included without changing the basic structure of the model. The 3-dB bandwidth is analyzed through the study of the fiber transfer function which introduces the wavelength and modal effects as two separate filter functions. The formal derivation of the chromatic transfer function is analytical. On the other hand, the modal transfer function is obtained by numerically solving the power flow equation in the frequency domain using Crank-Nicholson method. As an application, the results are illustrated showing, in particular, the influence of the fiber core/outside diameters, for the first time.
Improvement of Generic Attacks on the Rank Syndrome Decoding Problem (2017)

Rank metric code-based cryptography exists for several years. The security of many cryptosystems is based on the difficulty of decoding a random code. Any improvement in the complexity of the best decoding algorithms can have a big impact on the security of these schemes. In this article, we present an improvement on the recent GRS algorithm [1] and we obtain a complexity of O ((n − k)^ 3 m^3 q^( w (k+1)m/ n −m ))for decoding an error of weight w in an [n, k] F 2 m-linear code.
MicroRNA signatures in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic heart failure patients (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that act as negative regulators of gene expression. Interestingly, specific alterations of miRNA expression have been found in failing hearts of different etiologies. The aim of this study was to identify the miRNA expression pattern of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from chronic heart failure (CHF) patients affected by ischemic (ICM) and nonischemic dilated (NIDCM) cardiomyopathy. The expression profile of 257 miRNAs was assessed in 7 NIDCM patients, 8 ICM patients, and 9 control subjects by quantitative real-time PCR. Significantly modulated miRNAs were validated by using an independent set of 34 CHF patients (NIDCM = 19, ICM = 15) and 19 control subjects. Three miRNAs (miR-107, -139, and -142-5p) were downmodulated in both NIDCM and ICM patients versus control subjects. Other miRNAs were deregulated in only one of the CHF classes analyzed compared with control subjects: miR-142-3p and -29b were increased in NIDCM patients, while miR-125b and -497 were decreased in ICM patients. Bioinformatic analysis of miRNA predicted targets and of gene expression modifications associated with CHF in PBMCs indicated a significant impact of the miRNA signature on the transcriptome. Furthermore, miRNAs of both the NIDCM and the ICM signature shared predicted targets among CHF-modulated genes, suggesting potential additive or synergistic effects. The present study identified miRNAs specifically modulated in the PBMCs of NIDCM and ICM patients. Intriguingly, most of these miRNAs were previously reported as deregulated in human and/or mouse failing hearts. The identified miRNAs might have a potential diagnostic and/or prognostic use in CHF.
Data from Phase I/II Trial of Orteronel (TAK-700)—an Investigational 17,20-Lyase Inhibitor—in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The androgen receptor pathway remains active in men with prostate cancer whose disease has progressed following surgical or medical castration. Orteronel (TAK-700) is an investigational, oral, nonsteroidal, selective, reversible inhibitor of 17,20-lyase, a key enzyme in the production of androgenic hormones.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We conducted a phase I/II study in men with progressive, chemotherapy-naïve, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, and serum testosterone &lt;50 ng/dL. In the phase I part, patients received orteronel 100 to 600 mg twice daily or 400 mg twice a day plus prednisone 5 mg twice a day. In phase II, patients received orteronel 300 mg twice a day, 400 mg twice a day plus prednisone, 600 mg twice a day plus prednisone, or 600 mg once a day without prednisone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In phase I (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 26), no dose-limiting toxicities were observed and 13 of 20 evaluable patients (65%) achieved ≥50% prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline from baseline at 12 weeks. In phase II (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 97), 45 of 84 evaluable patients (54%) achieved a ≥50% decline in PSA and at 12 weeks, substantial mean reductions from baseline in testosterone (−7.5 ng/dL) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (−45.3 μg/dL) were observed. Unconfirmed partial responses were reported in 10 of 51 evaluable phase II patients (20%). Decreases in circulating tumor cells were documented. Fifty-three percent of phase II patients experienced grade ≥3 adverse events irrespective of causality; most common were fatigue, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and diarrhea.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; 17,20-Lyase inhibition by orteronel was tolerable and results in declines in PSA and testosterone, with evidence of radiographic responses. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1335–44. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Live-Cell Imaging Reveals Periarbuscular Membrane Domains and Organelle Location in Medicago truncatula Roots during Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (2009)

In the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, the fungal symbiont colonizes root cortical cells, where it establishes differentiated hyphae called arbuscules. As each arbuscule develops, the cortical cell undergoes a transient reorganization and envelops the arbuscule in a novel symbiosis-specific membrane, called the periarbuscular membrane. The periarbuscular membrane, which is continuous with the plant plasma membrane of the cortical cell, is a key interface in the symbiosis; however, relatively little is known of its composition or the mechanisms of its development. Here, we used fluorescent protein fusions to obtain both spatial and temporal information about the protein composition of the periarbuscular membrane. The data indicate that the periarbuscular membrane is composed of at least two distinct domains, an "arbuscule branch domain" that contains the symbiosis-specific phosphate transporter, MtPT4, and an "arbuscule trunk domain" that contains MtBcp1. This suggests a developmental transition from plasma membrane to periarbuscular membrane, with biogenesis of a novel membrane domain associated with the repeated dichotomous branching of the hyphae. Additionally, we took advantage of available organelle-specific fluorescent marker proteins to further evaluate cells during arbuscule development and degeneration. The three-dimensional data provide new insights into relocation of Golgi and peroxisomes and also illustrate that cells with arbuscules can retain a large continuous vacuolar system throughout development.
Genome-Wide Binding Site Analysis of FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 Reveals Its Novel Function in Arabidopsis Development (2011)

FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3) and its homolog FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1), two transposase-derived transcription factors, are key components in phytochrome A signaling and the circadian clock. Here, we use chromatin immunoprecipitation-based sequencing (ChIP-seq) to identify 1559 and 1009 FHY3 direct target genes in darkness (D) and far-red (FR) light conditions, respectively, in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. FHY3 preferentially binds to promoters through the FHY3/FAR1 binding motif (CACGCGC). Interestingly, FHY3 also binds to two motifs in the 178-bp Arabidopsis centromeric repeats. Comparison between the ChIP-seq and microarray data indicates that FHY3 quickly regulates the expression of 197 and 86 genes in D and FR, respectively. FHY3 also coregulates a number of common target genes with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3-LIKE5 and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5. Moreover, we uncover a role for FHY3 in controlling chloroplast development by directly activating the expression of ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS5, whose product is a structural component of the latter stages of chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. Taken together, our data suggest that FHY3 regulates multiple facets of plant development, thus providing insights into its functions beyond light and circadian pathways.
Houston, we have a problem... (2008)

This paper presents a survey of problems found in the development process of electronic games. These problems were collected mainly from game postmortems and specialized litterature on game development, allowing a comparison with respect to well-known problems in the traditional software industry.
A retro-biosynthetic approach to the prediction of biosynthetic pathways from position-specific isotope analysis as shown for tramadol (2015)

Tramadol, previously only known as a synthetic analgesic, has now been found in the bark and wood of roots of the African medicinal tree Nauclea latifolia. At present, no direct evidence is available as to the biosynthetic pathway of its unusual skeleton. To provide guidance as to possible biosynthetic precursors, we have adopted a novel approach of retro-biosynthesis based on the position-specific distribution of isotopes in the extracted compound. Relatively recent developments in isotope ratio monitoring by (13)C NMR spectrometry make possible the measurement of the nonstatistical position-specific natural abundance distribution of (13)C (δ(13)Ci) within the molecule with better than 1‰ precision. Very substantial variation in the (13)C positional distribution is found: between δ(13)Ci = -11 and -53‰. Distribution is not random and it is argued that the pattern observed can substantially be interpreted in relation to known causes of isotope fractionation in natural products. Thus, a plausible biosynthetic scheme based on sound biosynthetic principals of precursor-substrate relationships can be proposed. In addition, data obtained from the (18)O/(16)O ratios in the oxygen atoms of the compound add support to the deductions made from the carbon isotope analysis. This paper shows how the use of (13)C NMR at natural abundance can help with proposing a biosynthetic route to compounds newly found in nature or those difficult to tackle by conventional means.
Admission control in time-slotted multihop mobile networks (2001)

The emergence of nomadic applications have generated a lot of interest in next-generation wireless network infrastructures which provide differentiated service classes. So it is important to study how the quality of service (QoS), such as packet loss and bandwidth, should be guaranteed. To accomplish this, we develop am admission control scheme which can guarantee bandwidth for real-time applications in multihop mobile networks. In our scheme, a host need not discover and maintain any information of the network resources status on the routes to another host until a connection request is generated for the communication between the two hosts, unless the former host is offering its services as an intermediate forwarding station to maintain connectivity between two other hosts. This bandwidth guarantee feature is important for a mobile network to interconnect wired networks with QoS support. Our connection admission control scheme can also work in a stand-alone mobile ad hoc network for real-time applications. This control scheme contains end-to-end bandwidth calculation and bandwidth allocation. Under such a scheme, the source is informed of the bandwidth and QoS available to any destination in the mobile network. This knowledge enables the establishment of QoS connections within the mobile network and the efficient support of real time applications. In the case of ATM interconnection, the bandwidth information can be used to carry out an intelligent handoff between ATM gateways and/or to extend the ATM virtual circuit service to the mobile network with possible renegotiation of QoS parameters at the gateway. We examine via simulation the system performance in various QoS traffic flows and mobility environments.
Chemiluminescent read-out of para-fluoro-thiol reaction events (2020)

We exploit the fluoride that is released via the para-fluoro-thiol reaction (PFTR) to cleave silyl ethers, turning the PFTR into an effective self-reporting chemiluminescence (CL) probe. The cleavage induces chemiluminescence and hence provides an optical read-out for the conversion of the PFTR. The PFTR chemiluminescence read-out is established on small molecule thiols, and subsequently expanded to polymers and networks.
Analysis of erhu playing and design of learning environment for novice erhu player (2010)

Purpose of this paper is to analyze novices' erhu playing, and to design a skill learning environment for playing erhu. Erhu is a two-stringed instrument created in China. Hair of stick is located between two strings. Therefore the stick motion is much different from other string instruments such as violin. Firstly, we analyzed erhu playing by novices, then, we analyzed errors. To achieve this task, we recorded gaze position movement and erhu playing by video camera, and measured finger pressures on strings when players are playing erhu. The purpose of the analysis is to know what kind of errors novice players have, and we will take it into account when we design the learning environment. Finally, we designed the skill learning environment for erhu playing. Target users of the environment are novice erhu players. The environment will be used for self-learning. For instance, a learner will use the environment at home without erhu teacher.