gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lightweight Sandwich Structures in Innovative Vehicle Design under Crash Load Cases (2016)

On modern vehicles, the demand is made to be in every respect as efficient as possible. A technical method to increase energetic efficiency is to reduce the vehicle mass through the implementation of lightweight construction measures. The energy consumption decreases by that and the vehicle dynamics behavior of conventionally and alternatively respectively electrically powered vehicles increases. In the department Lightweight and Hybrid Design Methods of the Institute of Vehicle Concepts in Stuttgart in collaboration with 3A Composite Core Materials, a method which allows to realize sandwich structures for automotive structural applications analytically and conceptually, is developed. The development method based on material and component testing and material values would be determined at different loads, for example in pressure and in-plane tests. These values are transmitted into the analytical determination of so called failure mode maps to derive appropriate sandwich structures. With novel sandwich structures the objectives of high structural stiffness and strength are tracked, as well as a high level of energy absorption potential. By function integrating the potential of lightweight construction, depending on the energy absorption per structural weight, can be further increased. Accompanying tests on generic structures are made to validate the failure behavior. Also the influence of core material on the deformation behavior is examined. The results from the tests are transferred to a vehicle front structure of a planned lightweight vehicle of class L7E called "Safe Light Regional Vehicle" (SLRV). The behavior of the structure is examined in static and dynamic tests. The energy absorbing capacity can be further increased by geometric optimization and the use of different core materials. The research on sandwich materials is part of the research project Next Generation Car (NGC) of the DLR and represents in terms of the new vehicle concept SLRV in sandwich design a novel vehicle concept of this joint project.
Status Asthmaticus Complicated by Acute Liver Disease and Encephalitis (1987)

A 1-year-old boy in status asthmaticus developed acute encephalitis with hepatomegaly. The concentration of theophylline changed rapidly and widely according to the liver dysfunction so that we could not control it within the therapeutic range. The theophylline concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid was 46% of that in the serum.
An 8-Month Systems Toxicology Inhalation/Cessation Study in Apoe−/−Mice to Investigate Cardiovascular and Respiratory Exposure Effects of a Candidate Modified Risk Tobacco Product, THS 2.2, Compared With Conventional Cigarettes (2015)

Smoking cigarettes is a major risk factor in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) are being developed to reduce smoking-related health risks. The goal of this study was to investigate hallmarks of COPD and CVD over an 8-month period in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice exposed to conventional cigarette smoke (CS) or to the aerosol of a candidate MRTP, tobacco heating system (THS) 2.2. In addition to chronic exposure, cessation or switching to THS2.2 after 2 months of CS exposure was assessed. Engaging a systems toxicology approach, exposure effects were investigated using physiology and histology combined with transcriptomics, lipidomics, and proteomics. CS induced nasal epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia, lung inflammation, and emphysematous changes (impaired pulmonary function and alveolar damage). Atherogenic effects of CS exposure included altered lipid profiles and aortic plaque formation. Exposure to THS2.2 aerosol (nicotine concentration matched to CS, 29.9 mg/m(3)) neither induced lung inflammation or emphysema nor did it consistently change the lipid profile or enhance the plaque area. Cessation or switching to THS2.2 reversed the inflammatory responses and halted progression of initial emphysematous changes and the aortic plaque area. Biological processes, including senescence, inflammation, and proliferation, were significantly impacted by CS but not by THS2.2 aerosol. Both, cessation and switching to THS2.2 reduced these perturbations to almost sham exposure levels. In conclusion, in this mouse model cessation or switching to THS2.2 retarded the progression of CS-induced atherosclerotic and emphysematous changes, while THS2.2 aerosol alone had minimal adverse effects.
Antimicrobial Polymers in Solution and on Surfaces: Overview and Functional Principles (2012)

The control of microbial infections is a very important issue in modern society. In general there are two ways to stop microbes from infecting humans or deteriorating materials—disinfection and antimicrobial surfaces. The first is usually realized by disinfectants, which are a considerable environmental pollution problem and also support the development of resistant microbial strains. Antimicrobial surfaces are usually designed by impregnation of materials with biocides that are released into the surroundings whereupon microbes are killed. Antimicrobial polymers are the up and coming new class of disinfectants, which can be used even as an alternative to antibiotics in some cases. Interestingly, antimicrobial polymers can be tethered to surfaces without losing their biological activity, which enables the design of surfaces that kill microbes without releasing biocides. The present review considers the working mechanisms of antimicrobial polymers and of contact-active antimicrobial surfaces based on examples of recent research as well as on multifunctional antimicrobial materials.
Genomic analysis of prostate cancer. (2013)

80 Background: The characterization of actionable mutations is a prerequisite for the development of individualized, targeted therapy. We sought to characterize the prevalence of potentially therapeutically actionable mutations in patients with high risk prostate cancer. Methods: 48 samples of formalin fixed paraffin embedded prostatectomy tissue from a neoadjuvant chemotherapy trial (Garzotto M, Cancer 2010 Apr 1;116(7):1699-708) were analyzed. DNA was extracted from microdissected tumor. Tumor DNA was analyzed for 643 common solid tumor point mutations in 53 genes using mass spectroscopy based sequencing (Sequenom MassArray). Low level mutations were validated using ion chip pH based sequencing (Ion Torrent). In addition, PTEN loss and ERG translocations were examined using immunohistochemistry in associated tissue microarrays. Correlation with relapse during 5 years of follow-up was examined in exploratory analyses of the potential clinical relevance of the genetic alterations examined. Results: Of the 40 tumors evaluable for mutations, 10% had point mutations in potentially actionable cancer genes. Of the 45 tumors evaluable for IHC, 36% had PTEN loss (6% with a heterogenous pattern) and 40% had ERG rearrangement (2% with heterogeneous pattern). Individual mutations were not frequent enough to determine associations with progression. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis with a log-rank test, the 16 patients who had PTEN loss had a significantly shorter median progression free survival, 19 vs. 106 months (p = .01). Conclusions: This study confirms that point mutations in the most common cancer regulatory genes in prostate cancer are rare. However, the PIK3CA/AKT pathway was mutated in 10% of our samples. While point mutations alone did not have a statistically significant effect on relapse, PTEN loss was associated with an increased relapse in high risk prostate cancer treated with chemotherapy followed by surgery. It is yet unclear if the 16 weeks of chemotherapy played a role in selecting for tumors with these biologic features, and this will therefore be the subject of future investigations. [Table: see text]
Evolution of TKA design. (2017)

The use of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) in treatment of chronic degenerative pathologies of the knee boasts of an experience of 50 years. During this period the collaboration between surgeons and engineers produced many developments in the design of the prosthesis. Today this procedure is safe and established even if in continuous development. The progress in technologies and the use of new materials let researches try again old-fashioned techniques from the past in order to be improved. This enthusiasm for those discovers is not always going hand to hand with scientific validation: many open questions remains Every different concept of the design tries to answer to special needs as the reach of the highest ROM, the reduction of pain and debris, articular geometry, the type of fixation, the modularity of augments and stems, the types of constraints, knee kinematic and of course costs.
Asynchronous understanding of creative sessions using archived collaboration artifacts (2014)

To a large extend, collaboration and communication consists of the understanding of extrinsic activity. This task is especially hard to achieve in remote settings or also locally when people cannot take part in meetings. In this paper we are addressing the question, if understanding of the essential decisions, facts, and processes can be achieved by just consuming collaboration data afterwards. Therefore, we take existing experiment recordings and make them explorable by the Tele-Board History Browser. Participants had a given time frame to answer content-related questions for a design thinking session. We found out that people are able to review those creative sessions and grasp the essential key points in the past work processes. Still, people are approaching the data differently depending on their personal preferences and their general process knowledge. It turns out that our approach can help distributed teams in working closer together beyond conference calls or shared documents. From our perspective, traceability of past interactions can substantially ease remote collaboration, especially in creative settings.
LOCKING A LASER FREQUENCY TO THE TIME STANDARD (1968)

On the basis of high-frequency modulation experiments and well-known locking techniques, a scheme is described for stabilizing a visible laser frequency and simultaneously determining that frequency in terms of the time standard. The importance of this method for a refined determination of the velocity of light and the possibility of establishment of reference lines for spectroscopy and for length measurements, throughout the spectrum wherever laser lines are available, is discussed.
Action of Cytidine Diphosphocholine on Functional and Hemodynamic Effects of Cerebral Ischemia in Cats (1978)

The depression of evoked cortical potentials caused by brief periods of cerebral ischemia is attenuated by prior intracarotid injection of cytidoline (2, 4 or 8 mg/kg). Studies performed in hypercapnic cats suggest that the protection afforded by cytidoline is of metabolic rather than hemodynamic origin. The participation of the central dopaminergic structures by the drug is suggested according to the previous data.
Strategies for Determining Occupational Exposures in Risk Assessments: A Review and a Proposal for Assessing Fungicide Exposures in the Lumber Industry (1994)

To select an exposure monitoring protocol for assessing the occupational risk of fungicides in the lumber industry, the main strategies for determining exposures for risk assessment were reviewed. A survey of lumber industry work sites using fungicides observed the methods of application and opportunities for exposure. In addition, a review of existing measurement data was done. These investigations indicated that fungicide application techniques and process locations were varied from site to site, such that it would be extremely difficult to select a few representative locations for quasi-experimental studies, as is usually done in agricultural pesticide exposure assessment. Existing measurement data mainly describe exposures to fungicides no longer in use, and do not cover the range of application techniques or process technology observed in the survey. A probability sample of the exposed population was therefore proposed.
POWER7™, a Highly Parallel, Scalable Multi-Core High End Server Processor (2010)

This paper gives an overview of the latest member of the POWER™ processor family, POWER7™. Eight quad-threaded cores, operating at frequencies up to 4.14 GHz, are integrated together with two memory controllers and high speed system links on a 567 mm die, employing 1.2B transistors in a 45 nm CMOS SOI technology with 11 layers of low-k copper wiring. The technology features deep trench capacitors which are used to build a 32 MB embedded DRAM L3 based on a 0.067 m DRAM cell. The functionally equivalent chip transistor count would have been over 2.7B if the L3 had been implemented with a conventional 6 transistor SRAM cell. (A detailed paper about the eDRAM implementation will be given in a separate paper of this Journal). Deep trench capacitors are also used to reduce on-chip voltage island supply noise. This paper describes the organization of the design and the features of the processor core, before moving on to discuss the circuits used for analog elements, clock generation and distribution, and I/O designs. The final section describes the details of the clocked storage elements, including special features for test, debug, and chip frequency tuning.
Secure data types (2017)

Cloud computing offers a cost-efficient data analytics platform. However, due to the sensitive nature of data, many organizations are reluctant to analyze their data in public clouds. Both software-based and hardware-based solutions have been proposed to address the stalemate, yet all have substantial limitations. We observe that a main issue cutting across all solutions is that they attempt to support confidentiality in data queries in a way transparent to queries. We propose the novel abstraction of secure data types with corresponding annotations for programmers to conveniently denote constraints relevant to security. These abstractions are leveraged by novel compilation techniques in our system Cuttlefish to compute data analytics queries in public cloud infrastructures while keeping sensitive data confidential. Cuttlefish encrypts all sensitive data residing in the cloud and employs partially homomorphic encryption schemes to perform operations securely, resorting however to client-side completion, re-encryption, or secure hardware-based re-encryption based on Intel's SGX when available based on a novel planner engine. Our evaluation shows that our prototype can execute all queries in standard benchmarks such as TPC-H and TPC-DS with an average overhead of 2.34× and 1.69× respectively compared to a plaintext execution that reveals all data.
Effects of Genetic Parthenocarpy and Gynoecious Flowering Habit on Fruit Production and Growth of Cucumber Cucumis sativus L.1 (1973)

Abstract Genetically parthenocarpic cultivars produced significantly less fruit fresh weight when pollinated than without pollination. The development of seed was found to have a dual effect on the development of fruit tissue. In terms of percentage dry weight, seed was produced at the expense of fruit tissue, but from the standpoint of percentage fresh weight, seed development stimulated fruit tissue development. Cucumbers appeared to possess a regulatory mechanism that limits the percentage dry weight that can be devoted to fruit and seed production. Seed dry weight accumulated at the expense of fruit rather than vine dry weight. The presence of fruit was observed to have an inhibitory effect on vine growth that was greater when the fruit contained seed than when it did not. Gynoecious flowering habit, compared to monoecious, did not increase the production of mature fruit. The combination of parthenocarpy, gynoecious flowering, small mature fruit size, and perhaps determinate growth, should help maximize fruit production under a single harvest regime, produce a high fruit to vine ratio, and provide flexibility in harvest timing. The results may apply to other crops where the fruit is harvested in a relatively mature state and where the seed constitutes a substantial proportion of the dry weight.
Automatic Extraction of Complex Web Data. (2006)

A new wrapper induction algorithm WTM for generating rules that describe the general web page layout template is presented. WTM is mainly designed for use in weblog crawling and indexing system. Most weblogs are maintained by content management systems and have similar layout structures in all pages. In addition, they provide RSS feeds to describe the latest entries. These entries appear in the weblog homepage in HTML format as well. WTM is built upon these two observations. It uses RSS feed data to automatically label the corresponding HTML file (weblog homepage) and induces general template rules from the labeled page. The rules can then be used to extract data from other pages of similar layout template. WTM is tested on some selected weblogs and the results are satisfactory.
Evaluating Mobility Behavior of Fluid Filled Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Enclosures (2012)

Fluid filled Fiber Reinforced Elastomeric Enclosures (FREE) have been popular choices for actuators in prosthetics and soft robots owing to their large power density and cost effective manufacturing. While a narrow class of FREEs known as McKibben’s actuators have been extensively studied, there is a wide unexplored class that could be potentially used as actuators and load bearing members. This paper analyzes the mobility of a large class of FREEs based on simple geometric relationships that originate due to the inextensibility of fibers and incompressibility of fluids. The analysis conducted on various families of fibers reveal certain configurations that are locked under fluidic actuation. Furthermore the analysis reveals unrestricted motion in certain directions (freedom) and restrictions in certain other directions (constraint). Such an analysis is deemed to be useful as a preliminary design tool to pick the appropriate geometry for use in design of soft robots and actuators.
Size‐Dependent Structural Distortions in One‐Dimensional Nanostructures (2013)

Inorganic nanocrystals: The structures of the compounds [(PbSe)1.00]m(MoSe2)n and [(PbSe)0.99]m(WSe2)n (m≥1 and n≤5) were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy, which revealed a pairing distortion of the PbSe component that is dependent on m, the thickness of the PbSe layers, but independent of n, the thickness of the dichalcogenide. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Classification of urticaria (2013)

Classification is based on GA(2)LEN/EAACI/WAO/EDF guidelines (2009). These guidelines classify urticaria according to clinical manifestations. Urticaria is mediated by mast cells. According to level of mast cell degranulation clinical signs are superficial (Urticaria) or deep swelling (Angioedema).
Manipulation of polarization-dependent effects by magnetostrictive stress on silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides (2004)

Polarization dependent loss (PDL) can cause deterioration in optical network performance owing to the resultant fluctuation in received power because of random changes in fiber polarization. We describe the use of a magnetostrictive layer integrated on a planar light-wave circuit that can offer the functionality of modifying the variable PDL or differential group delay produced within the typical tolerances of volume manufacturing. This approach provides an alternative to the sizable delay lines and splitters that were previously employed for polarization compensation. We demonstrate adjustment of polarization-dependent parameters by the application of an external magnetic field to a ferromagnetic layer adjacent to the waveguide.
Optimal design of low crosstalk, wideband, bidirectional distributed amplifiers (2002)

An optimal approach to the design of low crosstalk, wideband, bidirectional, distributed amplifiers is proposed. The new technique based on Chebyshev scaling of device transconductances, gives considerably greater directivity bandwidth than the previously published approach using binomial scaling, for specified number of devices and minimum directivity. The theory and design guidelines, as well as simulated and measured results are presented.
Monolithically fabricated tunable long-wave infrared detectors based on dynamic graphene metasurfaces (2020)

Here, the design, fabrication, and characterization of an actively tunable long-wave infrared detector, made possible through direct integration of a graphene-enabled metasurface with a conventional type-II superlattice infrared detector, are reported. This structure allows for post-fabrication tuning of the detector spectral response through voltage-induced modification of the carrier density within graphene and, therefore, its plasmonic response. These changes modify the transmittance through the metasurface, which is fabricated monolithically atop the detector, allowing for spectral control of light reaching the detector. Importantly, this structure provides a fabrication-controlled alignment of the metasurface filter to the detector pixel and is entirely solid-state. Using single pixel devices, relative changes in the spectral response exceeding 8% have been realized. These proof-of-concept devices present a path toward solid-state hyperspectral imaging with independent pixel-to-pixel spectral control through a voltage-actuated dynamic response.