gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Mechanism of the Reductive Metallation of Asymmetrically Substituted Silyl Chlorides (2004)

Abstract An investigation of the stereochemical course of the reductive metallation of silyl chlorides with silicon‐centred chirality has revealed two major events which are detrimental to stereoselection during silyl anion formation: (1) chloride‐induced racemisation of silyl chlorides and (2) nonstereoselective formal dimerisation during metallation providing the corresponding disilane. In control experiments, the stereochemical course of these processes has been independently verified for the reductive metallation of the enantioenriched cyclic silyl chloride (Si S )‐ 7a (R = H, er ⩾ 88:12). A screening of several related derivatives of (Si S )‐ 7a led to the sterically encumbered silyl chloride (Si R )‐ 7c (R = i Pr, er ⩾ 94:6) which displays some unique features. This structural modification prevents racemisation by lithium chloride ( T &lt; −40 °C) as well as dimerisation ( T &lt; −100 °C) thus allowing for the first generation of an asymmetrically substituted silyl anion (Si S )‐ 8c ( er = 74:26) by reductive metallation of a silyl chloride with silicon‐centred chirality. Moreover, the enantiospecificity of the preparation of (Si R )‐ 7c by chlorination [(Si S )‐ 9c → (Si R )‐ 7c ] and its reduction with aluminium hydrides [(Si R )‐ 7c → (Si R )‐ 9c ] have been unambiguously determined by X‐ray crystallography as retention (⩾99%) and inversion (⩾99%), respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Creating Metastable Schrödinger Cat States (1995)

We propose a scheme using feedback to generate a macroscopic quantum superposition of coherent states in an optical cavity mode which experiences very little decoherence (due to dissipation).Received 9 November 1994DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.418©1995 American Physical Society
Sanitary inspection of wells using risk-of-contamination scoring indicates a high predictive ability for bacterial faecal pollution in the peri-urban tropical lowlands of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (2012)

Sanitary inspection of wells was performed according to World Health Organization (WHO) procedures using risk-of-contamination (ROC) scoring in the peri-urban tropical lowlands of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The ROC was assessed for its capacity to predict bacterial faecal pollution in the investigated well water. The analysis was based on a selection of wells representing environments with low to high presumptive faecal pollution risk and a multi-parametric data set of bacterial indicators, generating a comprehensive picture of the level and characteristics of faecal pollution (such as vegetative Escherichia coli cells, Clostridium perfringens spores and human-associated sorbitol fermenting Bifidobacteria). ROC scoring demonstrated a remarkable ability to predict bacterial faecal pollution levels in the investigated well water (e.g. 87% of E. coli concentration variations were predicted by ROC scoring). Physicochemical characteristics of the wells were not reflected by the ROC scores. Our results indicate that ROC scoring is a useful tool for supporting health-related well water management in urban and suburban areas of tropical, developing countries. The outcome of this study is discussed in the context of previously published results, and future directions are suggested.
Surgical treatment for early osteoarthritis. Part II: allografts and concurrent procedures (2011)

Systematic review, Level II.
Oracle Database In-Memory: A dual format in-memory database (2015)

The Oracle Database In-Memory Option allows Oracle to function as the industry-first dual-format in-memory database. Row formats are ideal for OLTP workloads which typically use indexes to limit their data access to a small set of rows, while column formats are better suited for Analytic operations which typically examine a small number of columns from a large number of rows. Since no single data format is ideal for all types of workloads, our approach was to allow data to be simultaneously maintained in both formats with strict transactional consistency between them.
A Novel Mechanism for JAK2 Activation by a G Protein-coupled Receptor, the CCK2R (2005)

To date very few G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been shown to be connected to the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT pathway. Thus our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the activation of this signaling pathway by GPCRs remains limited. In addition, little is known about the role of the JAK pathway in the physiological or pathophysiological functions of GPCRs. Here, we described a new mechanism of JAK activation that involves Galpha(q) proteins. Indeed, transfection of a constitutively activated mutant of Galpha(q) (Q209L) in COS-7 cells demonstrated that Galpha(q) is able to associate and activate JAK2. In addition, we showed that this mechanism is used to activate JAK2 by a GPCR principally coupled to G(q), the CCK2 receptor (CCK2R), and involves a highly conserved sequence in GPCRs, the NPXXY motif. In a pancreatic tumor cell line expressing the endogenous CCK2R, we demonstrated the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway by this receptor and the involvement of this signaling pathway in the proliferative effects of the CCK2R. In addition, we showed in vivo that the targeted CCK2R expression in pancreas of Elas-CCK2 mice leads to the activation of JAK2 and STAT3. This process may contribute to the increase of pancreas growth as well as the formation of preneoplastic lesions leading to pancreatic tumor development observed in these transgenic animals.
Prefrontal and parietal contributions to decision-making under risk (2011)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Involvement of tyrosine kinase in the induction of cyclo‐oxygenase and nitric oxide synthase by endotoxin in cultured cells (1994)

1. Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are two enzymes which have distinct cytokine-inducible isoforms (COX-2 and iNOS). Many cytokine receptors have an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. Here we have used the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, erbstatin and genistein, to investigate the potential role of tyrosine kinase activation in the induction on COX-2 and iNOS caused by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) and J774.2 macrophages. 2. The main COX metabolites, 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-oxo-PGF1 alpha) (for BAEC) and PGF2 alpha (for 774.2 macrophages) were measured by radioimmunossay: (i) accumulation of COX metabolites from endogenous arachidonic acid was measured at 24 h after addition of LPS (1 microgram ml-1); (ii) in experiments designed to measure 'COX activity', COX metabolites generated by BAEC or J774.2 macrophages activated with LPS were assayed (at 12 h after LPS administration) after incubation of the washed cells with exogenous arachidonic acid (30 microM for 15 min). Western blot analysis with a specific antibody to COX-2 was used to determine the expression of COX-2 protein caused by LPS in cell extracts. Accumulation of nitrite (measured by the Griess reaction) was used as an indicator of NO formation and, hence, iNOS activity. 3. Erbstatin (0.05 to 5 micrograms ml-1) or genistein (0.5 to 50 micrograms ml-1) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the accumulation of COX metabolites in the supernatant of BAEC or J774.2 macrophages activated with LPS. Erbstatin or genistein also caused a dose-dependent inhibition of 'COX activity' in both cell types. Western blot analysis showed that erbstatin (5 ig ml1') or genistein (50gg ml-') inhibited the expression of COX-2 protein in BAEC and J774.2 macrophages activated with LPS (lLgml-' for 24 h).4. Erbstatin or genistein also caused a dose-dependent inhibition of nitrite accumulation in J774.2 macrophages activated with LPS (1 sg ml-' for 24 h). In contrast to J774.2 macrophages, BAECstimulated with LPS (1 pg ml-' for 24 h) did not produce detectable amounts (<1PiM) of nitrite.5. These results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation is part of the signal transduction mechanism that mediates (i) the induction of COX-2 and iNOS elicited by LPS in J774.2 macrophages, and (ii) the induction of COX-2 by LPS in BAEC.
[Interferon-free treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C]. (2015)

Oral combinations of direct acting antivirals (interferon-free) improve efficacy and safety outcomes for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In Japanese phase 3 study of daclatasvir plus asunaprevir combination therapy for 24 weeks, 222 patients with chronic HCV genotype 1b infection were enrolled. SVR was achieved by 87% of interferon-ineligible/intolerant patients and 81% of nonresponder patients; rates were similar in cirrhosis (91%) and noncirrhosis (84%) patients, and in patients with IL28B CC (85%) or non-CC (85%) genotypes. The rate of serious adverse events was low among patients. Other oral combination therapies (interferon-free) are ongoing in Japan. Interferon-free all-oral therapy is well tolerated and can achieve a high rate of SVR in patients with HCV genotype 1b.
Development of a Melting Curve-Based Allele-Specific PCR of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Genotyping Method for Genomic DNA, Guthrie Blood Spot, and Whole Blood (2016)

Genetic polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E (APOE) are associated with various health conditions and diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, etc. Hence, genotyping of APOE has broad applications in biomedical research and clinical settings, particularly in the era of precision medicine. The study aimed to develop a convenient and accurate method with flexible throughput to genotype the APOE polymorphisms. A melting curve-based allele-specific PCR method was developed to genotype two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of APOE, i.e. rs429358 at codon 112 and rs7412 at codon 158. These two SNPs determine the genotype of APOE2, E3, and E4. PCR-based Sanger sequencing was used as the reference method for APOE genotyping. A 100% concordance rate was obtained in 300 subjects between the melting curve-based allele-specific PCR method and the Sanger sequencing method. This method was applied to a genetic association analysis of APOE and schizophrenia consisting of 711 patients with schizophrenia and 665 control subjects from Taiwan. However, no significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies were detected between these two groups. Further experiments showed that DNA dissolved from blood collected on Guthrie filter paper and total blood cell lysate without DNA extraction can be used in the melting curve-based allele-specific PCR method. Thus, we suggest that this is a fast, accurate and robust APOE genotyping method with a flexible throughput and suitable for DNA template from different preparations. This convenient method shall meet the different needs of various research and clinical laboratories.
Stereorigid OSSO-Type Group 4 Metal Complexes in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of rac-Lactide (2017)

The synthesis and characterization of a series of group 4 metal complexes of general formula {OSSO<sub>X</sub>}M(OR)<sub>2</sub> (X = R = <sup>t</sup>Bu, M = Zr (1); X = cumyl, M = Zr, R = <sup>t</sup>Bu (2); X = cumyl, M = Ti, R = <sup>i</sup>Pr (4); X = cumyl, M = Hf, R = <sup>t</sup>Bu (5)) and {OSSO<sub>X</sub>}<sub>2</sub>Zr (X = Cl (3)) supported by o-phenylene-bridged bis(phenolato) ligands (OSSO<sub>tBu</sub>-H = 6,6'-((1,2-phenylenebis(sulfanediyl))bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-butyphenol); OSSO<sub>Cum</sub>-H = 6,6'-((1,2-phenylenebis(sulfanediyl))bis(methylene))bis(2,4-bis(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol); OSSO<sub>Cl</sub>-H = 6,6'-((1,2-phenylenebis(sulfanediyl))bis(methylene))bis(2,4-dichlorophenol)) are described herein. Complexes 1-5 were readily obtained by σ-bond metathesis reactions between the proligand and the appropriate homoleptic metal precursor. The reaction with OSSO<sub>Cl</sub> yielded the bis-ligand complex{OSSO<sub>Cl</sub>}<sub>2</sub>Zr (3) regardless of the OSSO<sub>Cl</sub>-H/Zr(O<sup>t</sup>Bu)<sub>4</sub> molar ratio or experimental conditions. All complexes were characterized in solution using NMR spectroscopy and, in the case of 2, by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. These complexes show a fac-fac ligand wrapping and a cis relationship between the other two monodentate ligands; zirconium and hafnium complexes 1-3 and 5 are configurationally stable, whereas titanium complex 4 is fluxional in solution at room temperature. The complexes tested in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of racemic-lactide showed, except in the case of 3, moderate rates and good levels of polymerization control. Upon addition of an exogenous alcohol (isopropyl alcohol or tert-butyl alcohol) efficient binary catalytic systems were achieved. Polymerizations were well-controlled, as testified by the linear growth of the molecular weight as polymerization proceeded, narrow polydispersity indices, and molecular weights close to those expected on the basis of added alcohol amounts. Experimental and theoretical evidence is provided that ROP reactions operate according to an activated monomer mechanism.
Nucleation of Polypropylene Crystallization by Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

Nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization experiments were performed on polypropylene mixed with carbon nanotubes produced by disproportionation of CO on Co−Mo catalysts. Functionalization of the nanotubes with octadecylamine made the tubes hydrophobic and allowed the tubes to be solubilized in an organic solvent. Mixing of the nanotubes with the polymer was accomplished by adding the nanotubes to a Decalin solution that contained dissolved polypropylene, followed by evaporation of the solvent. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated very little difference in the small-strain mechanical properties between filled and unfilled polymers at the very low solid levels that were tested. By contrast, the crystallization behavior of the filled and unfilled polymer was quite different. Nanotubes promoted growth of the less-preferred beta form of crystalline polypropylene at the expense of the alpha form. In nonisothermal crystallization, the total amount of crystalline material in the sample was the same for the filled and unfilled materials. However, for isothermal crystallization experiments, the percent crystallinity in the filled materials was slightly higher. Most importantly, the rate of crystallization was substantially higher in the filled system. The results presented in this paper clearly show that carbon nanotubes nucleate crystallinity in polypropylene.
Survey on the Use of Machine Learning for Quality of Transmission Estimation in Optical Transport Networks (2022)

Estimating the Quality of Transmission (QoT) of the optical signal from source to destination nodes is the cornerstone of design engineering and service provisioning in optical transport networks. Recent studies have turned to Machine Learning (ML) techniques to improve the accuracy of QoT estimation. In this paper, we survey the literature on this topic and classify the studies into categories based on their scope. Accordingly, we distinguish four categories of ML-based solutions: i) check lightpath feasibility, ii) estimate a lightpath's QoT, iii) enhance existing analytical models and iv) improve model generalization. We describe the proposed solutions in each category in terms of ML algorithms, inputs/outputs of the models, source of data and performance evaluation. Deploying a ML-based solution in the real field is not straightforward and presents several challenges. Therefore, we also discuss from an operator's perspective the potential of these solutions for real-field deployment.
A 48-Week Study of Fat Molecular Alterations in HIV Naive Patients Starting Tenofovir/Emtricitabine With Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Efavirenz (2014)

Starting TDF/FTC plus EFV was associated with an increased expression of genes encoding for inflammatory cytokines in SAT in naive patients. Therapy with TDF/FTC plus LPV/r or EFV was associated with an increase in subcutaneous fat mass.
Proteome-wide prediction of targets for aspirin: new insight into the molecular mechanism of aspirin (2016)

Besides its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic properties, aspirin is used for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and various types of cancer. The multiple activities of aspirin likely involve several molecular targets and pathways rather than a single target. Therefore, systematic identification of these targets of aspirin can help us understand the underlying mechanisms of the activities. In this study, we identified 23 putative targets of aspirin in the human proteome by using binding pocket similarity detecting tool combination with molecular docking, free energy calculation and pathway analysis. These targets have diverse folds and are derived from different protein family. However, they have similar aspirin-binding pockets. The binding free energy with aspirin for newly identified targets is comparable to that for the primary targets. Pathway analysis revealed that the targets were enriched in several pathways such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, Fc epsilon RI signaling and arachidonic acid metabolism, which are strongly involved in inflammation, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Therefore, the predicted target profile of aspirin suggests a new explanation for the disease prevention ability of aspirin. Our findings provide a new insight of aspirin and its efficacy of disease prevention in a systematic and global view.
Synthese und Eigenschaften von Biindenyl‐(2.2′) (1965)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von Indenyl‐(2)‐magnesiumbromid mit Kupfer(II)‐chlorid entsteht Biindenyl‐(2.2′), dessen Konstitution aus den Spektren und aus einigen chemischen Umwandlungen folgt.
Design and implementation of an ultra wide band dielectric resonator antenna for communication systems (2010)

In this paper, a new hybrid monopole dielectric resonator antenna is proposed. Two different methods of impedance matching and dielectric shaping are applied to enhance the antenna performance. Both simulated and measured results show clearly an ultra wide-bandwidth operation of more than 10.5 GHz ranging from 1.5 GHz to 12 GHz. Furthermore, the radiation pattern of the proposed antenna is nearly omni-directional over the frequency operating bandwidth.
Study of carbon molecular sieve fibres by atmospheric TPD-MS of H2O, CO and CO2 (1998)

High-resolution temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) with a supersonic molecular beams (SMB) inlet system enables us to analyse quantitatively CO, CO2 and water from various sites on carbon molecular sieve fibres (CMSF). Three water sites up to 350 °C are observed. The first main water site is from desorption of physically adsorbed water molecules on the surface oxides and inside the micropores. The other two sites result from dehydration and decomposition of surface oxides. The effects of relative humidity, oxide concentration and pore structure on adsorption of water on CMSF are studied. Gradual oxide group decomposition at low temperature, up to 250 °C, is monitored and the kinetics of surface oxide formation in air at room temperature is studied.
A mussel-inspired adhesive with stronger bonding strength under underwater conditions than under dry conditions (2015)

A mussel-inspired adhesive based on a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) backbone shows a much higher bonding strength under underwater/seawater conditions than under dry conditions. We reasoned that besides catechol moieties, the structure and properties of the backbone also play an important role in the realization of strong underwater bonding.
Acentric nonlinear optical films by alternating polyelectrolyte deposition (2000)

Alternating polyelectrolyte deposition (APD) is a room temperature process that can produce noncentrosymmetric ordered films of nonlinear optical polymers (NLOP). Previous studies using a stilbazolium-substituted polyepichlorohydrin (SPECH) as the NLO-active polycation exhibited a saturation of the SHG signal independent of the number of deposited layers. This saturation effect was thought to be due a change in the charge density in the outermost layers. The charge density is the main driving force for chromophore alignment. In this study, NLO-inactive spacer layers were used to regenerate the charge density before continuing with deposition of NLO-active layers. The overall SHG signal from these 'multi-deck sandwich' films was higher than previously obtainable with SPECH as the NLO-active material. The surface morphology, roughness, and film thickness have been characterized by Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy.
The effect of lighting system components on lighting quality, energy use, and life-cycle cost (1986)

~ -A computational method was developed to examine the effect of lamp, ballast, and fixture sele~tion on ~e quality and quantity of illumination, _enerey consu~ptlo~, an_d life-cycle c~st of lighting systems.AppiYJng thts an_aly~ts to hghtlng layouts usmg different lamp/ballast/fixture combmauons suggested th~t .combinations with higher lumen outputs reduced the urufomuty of the illuminance distribution at the workplane but did not reduce visibility levels.The use of higher lumen output lamp/ballas~fixture systems and higher efficiency components tended to reduce lifecycle costs as long as the premium cost of the components was not too high.
Breakdown Voltage Improvement of p-LDMOSFET with an Uneven Racetrack Source for PDP Driver IC Applications (2002)

We investigated the electrical characteristics of p-channel double-diffused MOSFETs (p-LDMOSFETs) with an uneven racetrack source (URS) and a conventional racetrack source (CRS) for PDP driver IC applications. The breakdown voltage of the p-LDMOSFET with the URS in off-state was nearly the same as the p-LDMOSFET with the CRS. However, the breakdown voltage of the p-LDMOSFET with the URS in on-state was about 30% higher than that of the p-LDMOSFET with the CRS, while the saturated drain current of the p-LDMOSFET with the URS was only about 4% lower than that of the p-LDMOSFET with the CRS.
Studies on antibacterial agents. I. Synthesis of substituted 6,7-dihydro-1-oxo-1H,5H-benzo(i,j)-quinolizine-2-carboxylic acids. (1989)

A series of substituted 6,7-dihydro-1-oxo-1H,5H-benzo[i,j]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acids was synthesized and tested for antibacterial activities. Among them, 9-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-5-methyl-8-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-oxo-1H,5H- benzo[i,j]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid (OPC-7241) exhibited potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 9-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-8-(4-hydroxy-1-piperidyl)-5-methyl-1-oxo-1H, 5H-benzo[i,j]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid (OPC-7251) showed potent activity characteristically against Propionibacterium acnes.