gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Development of Fuzzy Rough Sets with the Use of Structures and Algebras of Axiomatic Fuzzy Sets (2009)

The notion of a rough set was originally proposed by Pawlak underwent a number of extensions and generalizations. Dubois and Prade (1990) introduced fuzzy rough sets which involve the use of rough sets and fuzzy sets within a single framework. Radzikowska and Kerre (2002) proposed a broad family of fuzzy rough sets, referred to as ( t)-fuzzy rough sets which are determined by some implication operator (implicator), and a certain t-norm. In order to describe the linguistically represented concepts coming from data available in some information system, the concept of fuzzy rough sets are redefined and further studied in the setting of the Axiomatic Fuzzy Set (AFS) theory. Compared with the ( t)-fuzzy rough sets, the advantages of AFS fuzzy rough sets are twofold. They can be directly applied to data analysis present in any information system without resorting to the details concerning the choice of the implication, t-norm and a similarity relation S. Furthermore such rough approximations of fuzzy concepts come with a well-defined semantics and therefore offer a sound interpretation. Some examples are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed construct. It is shown that the AFS fuzzy rough sets provide a far higher flexibility and effectiveness in comparison with rough sets and some of their generalizations.
Toll IL-1 Receptors Differ in Their Ability to Promote the Stabilization of Adenosine and Uridine-Rich Elements Containing mRNA (2004)

Several ligands for Toll IL-1R (TIR) family are known to promote stabilization of a subset of short-lived mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3' untranslated regions. It is now evident however, that members of the TIR family may use distinct intracellular signaling pathways to achieve a spectrum of biological end points. Using human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected to express different TIRs we now report that signals initiated through IL-1R1 or TLR4 but not TLR3 can promote the stabilization of unstable chemokine mRNAs. Similar results were obtained when signaling from endogenous receptors was examined using a mouse endothelial cell line (H5V). The ability of TIR family members to stabilize ARE-containing mRNAs results from their differential use of signaling adaptors MyD88, MyD88 adaptor-like protein, Toll receptor IFN-inducing factor (Trif), and Trif-related adaptor molecule. Overexpression of MyD88 or MyD88 adaptor-like protein was able to promote enhanced stability of ARE-containing mRNA, whereas Trif and Trif-related adaptor molecule exhibited markedly reduced capacity. Hence the ability of TIRs to signal stabilization of mRNA appears to be linked to the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway.
Cryopreservation of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Alters Their Viability and Subpopulation Composition but Not Their Treatment Effects in a Rodent Stroke Model (2016)

The systemic administration of autologous bone marrow (BM) derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) is under investigation as a novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Autologous applications raise the possibility that MNCs could potentially be stored as a banked source. There have been no studies that investigate the effects of cryopreservation of BM-MNCs on their functional abilities in stroke models. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) for 60 minutes and then divided into two treatment groups: fresh MNCs versus cryopreserved MNCs. BM-MNCs were collected at 22 hours after MCAo and were stored in liquid nitrogen for 12 months in cryopreserved MNCs group. BM-MNCs cellular viability, composition, and phenotype of the various subpopulations of mice BM-MNCs were evaluated by flow cytometry, and the behavioral recovery of stroke animals was tested with freshly harvested MNCs versus cryopreserved MNCs by corner test and ladder rung test. We found that long-term cryopreservation negatively impacts the cellular viability of bone marrow MNCs. Cryopreservation also alters the cellular composition of various subpopulations within the MNCs. However, despite the changes observed in cryopreserved cells, both fresh and frozen MNCs have similar beneficial effect on behavioral and histological outcomes.
Cholinergic pesticides cause mushroom body neuronal inactivation in honeybees (2013)

Pesticides that target cholinergic neurotransmission are highly effective, but their use has been implicated in insect pollinator population decline. Honeybees are exposed to two widely used classes of cholinergic pesticide: neonicotinoids (nicotinic receptor agonists) and organophosphate miticides (acetylcholinesterase inhibitors). Although sublethal levels of neonicotinoids are known to disrupt honeybee learning and behaviour, the neurophysiological basis of these effects has not been shown. Here, using recordings from mushroom body Kenyon cells in acutely isolated honeybee brain, we show that the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and clothianidin, and the organophosphate miticide coumaphos oxon, cause a depolarization-block of neuronal firing and inhibit nicotinic responses. These effects are observed at concentrations that are encountered by foraging honeybees and within the hive, and are additive with combined application. Our findings demonstrate a neuronal mechanism that may account for the cognitive impairments caused by neonicotinoids, and predict that exposure to multiple pesticides that target cholinergic signalling will cause enhanced toxicity to pollinators.
Modeling Biophysical Factors for Grasslands in Eastern Kansas Using Landsat TM Data (2000)

Objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between grassland biophysical factors and spectral reflectance patterns recorded by the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) in eastern Kansas. Grasslands were stratified by cool and warm season life-forms, as well as grazed, hayed, and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) management practices. Strength of the relations was examined using the raw TM reflectance values, and various vegetation indices (i.e., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, brightness, vegetation greenness, wetness). Results indicated significant relationships between aboveground biomass and spectral variables and between plant moisture and spectral variables. Aboveground biomass also was correlated highly with plant moisture (r = 0.76). Total vegetation cover was correlated moderately with spectral data (r < 0.55). The relative cover by grasses was uncorrelated, whereas forb cover was correlated with spectral data suggesting that variation in forb composition among grassland types is a significant factor affecting spectral reflectance. Regression analysis results suggest that TM data are better predictors of aboveground biomass than any other biophysical factors (adjusted R2 = 0.77). Relationships between the spectral variables and many of the biophysical factors were improved significantly when the models were developed for the individual grasslands types. The use of the TM vegetation indices did not significantly improve the ability to predict biophysical factors.
2B4 inhibits NK-cell fratricide (2007)

2B4 (CD244) and its ligand, CD48, are expressed on all natural killer (NK) cells. In studies using 2B4-deficient, CD48-deficient, or wild-type NK cells with blocking antibodies, we found that in the absence of 2B4-CD48 interactions, activated murine NK cells kill each other. We also show that NK-NK fratricide in the absence of 2B4-CD48 interaction is dependent on perforin both in vitro and in vivo. 2B4 has been reported to have activating, costimulatory, and inhibitory functions on murine NK cells. 2B4-mediated inhibition of NK-cell fratricide explains some of the paradoxes of 2B4 function reported in studies of murine NK cells. We show that in the absence of 2B4 signaling, activated NK cells have defective cytotoxicity and proliferation because of fratricide and not due to the absence of a 2B4-dependent activation signal.
Uncertainty Assessment of Dynamic Thermal Line Rating for Operational Use at Transmission System Operators (2022)

Transmission system operators (TSOs) in recent years have faced challenges in order to ensure maximum transmission capacity of the system to satisfy market needs, while maintaining operational safety and permissible impact on the environment. A great help in the decision-making process was introduced with the Dynamic Thermal Rating (DTR) – an instrument to monitor and predict the maximal allowed ampacity of the power grid based on weather measurements and forecast. However, the introduction of DTR raises a number of questions related to the accuracy and uncertainty of the results of thermal assessment and the level of acceptable risk and its management. In this paper, we present a solution for estimating DTR uncertainty, appropriate for operational use at TSOs. With the help of conductor surface temperature measurements, weather measurements and predicted weather data, we also estimate the error of the weather forecast and the DTR itself. Following the results of the data analyses, we build an operative solution for estimating the ampacity uncertainty based on Monte Carlo random simulations and integrate it into the operational environment of ELES – the operator of the Slovenian electric power transmission network.
A 60 GHz 5 Gb/s Gain-Boosting OOK Demodulator in 0.13 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm m}$</tex> </formula> CMOS (2011)

This letter presents a 60 GHz on-off keying demodulator in a 0.13 μm CMOS. The demodulator consists of a detector and a baseband amplifier and employs a gain-boosting technique for higher conversion gain. The measured conversion gain is 13.6 dB at -16 dBm of input power. The detector voltage re sponsivity is 2434 mV/mW, which is the highest value in a 60 GHz silicon-based demodulator. The demodulator consumes 14.7 mW, and the measured maximum data rate is 5 Gb/s. the energy per bit, which indicates energy efficiency, exhibits 2.94 pJ/b. To the best of our knowledge, this demodulator achieves the highest data rate and the lowest energy per bit of all published 60 GHz band OOK de modulators using silicon-based technology.
Abstract 387: Pyrimethamine inhibits STAT3 transcriptional activity via dihydrofolate reductase (2019)

Cancer is often characterized by aberrant gene expression patterns that alter cellular function. Such alterations are commonly caused by the inappropriate activation of transcription factors. STAT3, in particular, is a key transcriptional regulator of many pro-tumorigenic processes, including inflammation, proliferation, and survival, and is persistently phosphorylated and activated in more than 70% of breast tumors. Accordingly, it is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer. However, like many transcription factors, STAT3 has proven difficult to target clinically. To address this unmet clinical need, we performed an unbiased, high-throughput screen of the Prestwick collection, a library of 1,120 small molecules known to be biologically active in humans. We identified the antimicrobial drug pyrimethamine as a novel and specific inhibitor of STAT3 transcriptional activity at concentrations known to be safely achieved in humans. Intriguingly, unlike STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitors and STAT3 SH2 domain inhibitors, pyrimethamine does not affect STAT3 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, or DNA binding at concentrations sufficient to inhibit STAT3 transcriptional activity, suggesting a potentially novel mechanism of STAT3 inhibition. To elucidate this mechanism and identify the direct molecular target of pyrimethamine, we performed thermal proteomic profiling. We detected 4,462 proteins, four of which demonstrated a statistically significant shift in thermal stability in the presence of pyrimethamine. We further characterized these hits by assessing the effect of siRNA-mediated knockdown on STAT3 transcriptional activity. Of the four hits, only knockdown of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) consistently reduced STAT3 transcriptional activity. Likewise, treatment with methotrexate, a known inhibitor of DHFR, also reduced STAT3 activity. The combination of pyrimethamine and methotrexate had no additive effect on STAT3 inhibition, suggesting that both compounds were acting through a common mechanism. Finally, we tested whether folinic acid, a reduced form of folate, could rescue pyrimethamine-dependent loss of STAT3 activity. Strikingly, folinic acid, but not folic acid, eliminated the effect of pyrimethamine on STAT3 transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that DHFR is the molecular target responsible for the STAT3-inhibitory effects of pyrimethamine. Moreover, these findings implicate folate metabolism in the regulation of STAT3 transcriptional activity, revealing a previously unknown node within the STAT3 pathway that may be important for the development and treatment of STAT3-driven breast cancer.Citation Format: Lisa N. Heppler, Sarah R. Walker, Sanaz Attarha, Brent D. Page, David A. Frank. Pyrimethamine inhibits STAT3 transcriptional activity via dihydrofolate reductase [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 387.
RAIN: Reinforced Hybrid Attention Inference Network for Motion Forecasting (2021)

Motion forecasting plays a significant role in various domains (e.g., autonomous driving, human-robot interaction), which aims to predict future motion sequences given a set of historical observations. However, the observed elements may be of different levels of importance. Some information may be irrelevant or even distracting to the forecasting in certain situations. To address this issue, we propose a generic motion forecasting framework (named RAIN) with dynamic key information selection and ranking based on a hybrid attention mechanism. The general framework is instantiated to handle multi-agent trajectory prediction and human motion forecasting tasks, respectively. In the former task, the model learns to recognize the relations between agents with a graph representation and to determine their relative significance. In the latter task, the model learns to capture the temporal proximity and dependency in long-term human motions. We also propose an effective double-stage training pipeline with an alternating training strategy to optimize the parameters in different modules of the framework. We validate the framework on both synthetic simulations and motion forecasting benchmarks in different domains, demonstrating that our method not only achieves state-of-the-art forecasting performance, but also provides interpretable and reasonable hybrid attention weights.
Significance of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Young Adults (1984)

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was examined annually for 15 years in 1,000 asymptomatic men aged 18-33 years at entry into the study in 1968. The upper limit of the normal (mean + 2 SD) increased from 8 mm in the first hour in persons aged 18 years to 18 mm in those age 45. An increase in the ESR above the age adjusted upper limit of normal on at least three of four consecutive annual examinations was observed in 44 (4.4%) cases. The elevated ESR was associated with a diagnosed disorder in 10 of these 44 cases: myocardial infarctions (four), ankylosing spondylitis (three), inflammatory bowel disease (one), psoriasis (one), and "benign" monoclonal gammopathy (one). A persistently elevated ESR increased the likelihood of disease in general from 3.8% to 22.7% and of myocardial infarction from 0.7% to 9.1%. In eight patients the elevation of the ESR preceded the clinical manifestations by 2-10 years. It is concluded that a persistent moderate elevation in ESR detected in a young adult in the course of screening examinations is a risk factor for the development of disease.
BRET Analysis of GPCR Dimers in Neurons and Non-Neuronal Cells: Evidence for Inactive, Agonist, and Constitutive Conformations (2021)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are dimeric proteins, but the functional consequences of the process are still debated. Active GPCR conformations are promoted either by agonists or constitutive activity. Inverse agonists decrease constitutive activity by promoting inactive conformations. The histamine H<sub>3</sub> receptor (H<sub>3</sub>R) is the target of choice for the study of GPCRs because it displays high constitutive activity. Here, we study the dimerization of recombinant and brain H<sub>3</sub>R and explore the effects of H<sub>3</sub>R ligands of different intrinsic efficacy on dimerization. Co-immunoprecipitations and Western blots showed that H<sub>3</sub>R dimers co-exist with monomers in transfected HEK 293 cells and in rodent brains. Bioluminescence energy transfer (BRET) analysis confirmed the existence of spontaneous H<sub>3</sub>R dimers, not only in living HEK 293 cells but also in transfected cortical neurons. In both cells, agonists and constitutive activity of the H<sub>3</sub>R decreased BRET signals, whereas inverse agonists and GTPγS, which promote inactive conformations, increased BRET signals. These findings show the existence of spontaneous H<sub>3</sub>R dimers not only in heterologous systems but also in native tissues, which are able to adopt a number of allosteric conformations, from more inactive to more active states.
The Design Elements for the Model Development of New-Hanok Type Service Facilities in Apartment Housing (2015)

Purpose: This study is as only basic research for the model Development of the New-Hanok Type Service Facilities in Apartment Housing, which is as a decisive factor used as a planning element for developing the model inherited tradition, There aimed at extracting the genetic factor of Koreas traditional architecture. Method: For this purpose, Consider the concept and regulations of the New-Hanok Type Service Facilities in Apartment Housing and examined the Domestic Application Status of the New-Hanok Type Service Facilities in Apartment Housing. It sets direction of the New-Hanok Type models development based on Expert advice and the literature, and was reviewed a primal reason system of Korea as an extraction base of genetic factors. Result: Then Through the framework of the vertical axis (the form), the horizontal axis (space), It extracted the genetic factors of the Korea Traditional Architecture, classified the genetic factors extracted as the structure(layout, construction, space), features, traditional beauty, investigated the content of the form representation and spatial meaning, and were characterized. Based on the result, It were comprehensive the genetic factors extracted as plan Elements for inheriting of the traditions.
Enhancement-Mode Antimonide Quantum-Well MOSFETs With High Electron Mobility and Gigahertz Small-Signal Switching Performance (2011)

This letter demonstrates, for the first time, enhancement-mode (e-mode) antimonide MOSFETs by integrating a composite high-κ gate stack (3 nm Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -1 nm GaSb) with an ultrathin InAs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sub> quantum well (7.5 nm). The MOSFET exhibits record high electron drift mobility of 5200 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V · s at carrier density (N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> ) of 1.8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , subthreshold slope of 150 mV/dec, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio of ~4000× within a voltage window of ~1 V, high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> of 40 μA/μm at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> of 0.5 V for a 5-μm gate length (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> ) device. The device exhibits excellent pinchoff in the output characteristics with no evidence of impact ionization enabled by enhanced quantization and e-mode operation. RF characterization allows extraction of the intrinsic device metrics (C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gs</sub> , C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gd</sub> , g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> , v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ) and the parasitic resistive and capacitive elements limiting the short-channel device performance.
Automated hybrid closed-loop control with a proportional-integral-derivative based system in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes: individualizing settings for optimal performance (2016)

Closed-loop control using the Medtronic hybrid closed-loop system enables adaptive, real-time basal rate modulation. Initializing hybrid closed-loop in clinical practice will involve individualizing initiation parameters to optimize overall glucose control.
The folded, tetrameric phosph(iii)azane macrocycle [{P(µ-NtBu)}2{1,4-(NH)2C6H4}]4 (2005)

The tetrameric macrocycle [(P(mu-NtBu))2(1,4-(NH)2C6H4)]4, obtained from the reaction of the phosphazane dimer [ClP(mu-NtBu)]2 with p-phenylenediamine, has an unusual folded conformation in the solid state and contains a roughly tetrahedral arrangement of endo N-H groups for the potential coordination of anions.
Magnetic disk inspection using texture recognition (1994)

Quality control in magnetic disk production is a crucial issue, in particular the condition of the head disk 'interface' which is critical to the overall quality of the final product. The verification of this 'interface' has been complicated by advances in technology which have seen the height at which the head glides above the disk, the fly-height, reduce to micron order. This has necessitated inspection of the disks for defects of comparable magnitude. There is a growing need for visual inspection which is low cost and computationally fast in order to achieve total quality control. The micrograph of the disk surface is a natural texture and, whilst defect boundaries can be perceived by human inspectors, they do not correspond to a local discontinuity in intensity. Conventional edge detection operators are therefore unsuitable for segmentation. In this paper, segmentation is achieved via texture recognition. A texture recognition method based on a co-occurrence spectrum of n/sup th/ order is used and defect boundaries are defined by discontinuities in the texture within a window scanning the image.