gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ERK1/2 Phosphorylate Raptor to Promote Ras-dependent Activation of mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1) (2010)

The Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway regulates a variety of cellular processes by activating specific transcriptional and translational programs. Ras/MAPK signaling promotes mRNA translation and protein synthesis, but the exact molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation remain poorly understood. Increasing evidence suggests that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays an essential role in this process. Here, we show that Raptor, an essential scaffolding protein of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), becomes phosphorylated on proline-directed sites following activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway. We found that ERK1 and ERK2 interact with Raptor in cells and mediate its phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro. Using mass spectrometry and phosphospecific antibodies, we found three proline-directed residues within Raptor, Ser(8), Ser(696), and Ser(863), which are directly phosphorylated by ERK1/2. Expression of phosphorylation-deficient alleles of Raptor revealed that phosphorylation of these sites by ERK1/2 normally promotes mTORC1 activity and signaling to downstream substrates, such as 4E-BP1. Our data provide a novel regulatory mechanism by which mitogenic and oncogenic activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway promotes mTOR signaling.
A multiresolution approach to automated classification of protein subcellular location images (2007)

We demonstrate that the space-frequency localized information in the multiresolution subspaces adds significantly to the discriminative power of the system. Moreover, we show that a vastly reduced set of features is sufficient, consisting of our novel modified Haralick texture features. Our proposed system is general, allowing for any combinations of sets of features and any combination of classifiers.
Hybrid-orientation technology (HOT): opportunities and challenges (2006)

At the onset of innovative device structures intended to extend the roadmap for silicon CMOS, many techniques have been investigated to improve carrier mobility in silicon MOSFETs. A novel planar silicon CMOS structure, seeking optimized surface orientation, and hence carrier mobilities for both nFETs and pFETs, emerged. Hybrid-orientation technology provides nFETs on (100) surface orientation and pFETs on [110] surface orientation through wafer bonding and silicon selective epitaxy. The fabrication processes and device characteristics are reviewed in this paper.
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF PROCOAGULANT RESPONSE OF MONOCYTES FROM DIABETIC PATIENTS (1987)

Hypercoagulability is one of the possible factors reported in genesis or aggravation of vascular complications in diabetes mellitus. We therefore examined procoagulant activity (PCA) of disrupted monocytes frcm 26 patients with Type I diabetes and 6 with Type II, versus 32 control subjects (male/ female ratio = 1 in each group). Diabetes monocytes exhibited a slight but detectable PCA before any incubation or in vitro stimulation, whereas control monocytes did not. Data obtained with coagulation factor deficient plasmas or phospholipase C indicated that PCA was tissue factor (TF) alone in 22 cases and TF associated with a significant amount of factor VII/VIIa activity in 10 cases. Incubation in serum free medium led to significant raise of PCA in diabetes cells when stimulated with endotoxin or not, and in control cells only after stimulation. Furthermore, PCA appeared earlier in diabetes monocytes than in control ones, (4 hours, versus 20 hours). PCA frcm control cells was FT-like. PCA frcm diabetes cells was FT-like when no VII/VIIa activity was present on non-stimulated cells, and prothrombinase-like when VII/VIIa activity was early associated with the cells. In the latter case, trace amounts of factor X activity were also detectable. Whether factor VII and factor X activities were of plasmatic origin and associated to the cells, or synthesized in vitro by the cells remains unclear. The characteristics of PCA were net correlated with clinical features (age, diabetic complications) nor with the type of diabetes. Our data suggest that in diabetes patients, monocytes exhibit an increased PCA, possibly corresponding to a baseline stimulation, or at least a higher responsiveness to undergoing stimuli in vitro.
Corporate Restructuring (2013)

&#x0D; Corporate Restructuring has become a major component in the financial and economic environment all over the world. It is the process of redesigning one or more aspects of a company. The process of reorganizing a company may be implemented due to a number of different factors, like positioning the company to be more competitive, survive a currently adverse economic climate, or poise the corporation to move in an entirely new direction and many more. Corporate restructuring is needed to counter challenges in competitive business environment. Most of the organizations carry out corporate restructuring as per the need of the business. Some do it through mergers, acquisitions, and some by demergers as well; while some others make structural changes and carry out resource optimization in the organization. This paper analyses the success rate of corporate restructuring programme in India. It also tries to understand the implication of corporate restructuring programme with the help of a case study. The present paper is mainly based on secondary data. The paper makes use of SPSS 16 and MS-excel for data Analysis&#x0D;
Microwave Heating by a Standing Wave in the Helium Afterglow (1967)

Spatial variations of electron temperature in the late helium afterglow in the pressure range 0.55–68 Torr are measured experimentally. The variations are due to the presence of an applied standing wave at microwave frequencies. A normalized temperature profile is deduced from variations in the afterglow light quenching during a microwave pulse. Large temperature variations occur at higher pressures and smaller variations are seen at lower pressures. The observations are in good agreement with theory.
Selective sensitization of bacteria to peroxide damage associated with fluoride inhibition of catalase and pseudocatalase (2001)

Fluoride and sulfide are known inhibitors of heme catalases in acid environments. Staphylococcus aureus H cells were found to be sensitized by fluoride or sulfide to H2O2 killing at acid pH values in the range of 3.5 to 4.0, and catalase activity was reduced concomitantly. In contrast, fluoride had little effect on H2O2 killing of Streptococcus mutans GS-5, which has fluoride-insensitive peroxidase activity, but still is more sensitive to H2O2 than is S. aureus in the absence of fluoride. Fluoride but not sulfide was inhibitory also for the Mn-containing, non-heme pseudocatalase of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14431 over a wide pH range, and this inhibitory effect was reflected in enhanced H2O2 killing in the presence of fluoride. In addition, we found that catalase-positive S. aureus or Neisseria sicca could protect catalase-negative S. mutans against killing by H2O2 in mixed suspensions, but protection was compromised by fluoride or sulfide under acid conditions. Thus, catalase-positive organisms could protect a catalase-negative organism against peroxide damage, but inhibition of catalase reduced protection. These findings are pertinent to the widespread use of fluoride and peroxide in oral health care products.
Optical fibers and waveguides (2014)

In this chapter we shall discuss both from a ray and from a wave standpoint how light can be guided along by planar and cylindrical dielectric waveguides. We shall explain why optical fibers are important and useful in optical communication systems and discuss briefly how these fibers are manufactured. Some practical details of how fibers are used and how they are integrated with other important optical components will conclude the chapter.
Engineering an artificial amoeba propelled by nanoparticle-triggered actin polymerization (2009)

We have engineered an amoeba system combining nanofabricated inorganic materials with biological components, capable of propelling itself via actin polymerization. The nanofabricated materials have a mechanism similar to the locomotion of the Listeria monocytogenes, food poisoning bacteria. The propulsive force generation utilizes nanoparticles made from nickel and gold functionalized with the Listeria monocytogenes transmembrane protein, ActA. These Listeria-mimic nanoparticles were in concert with actin, actin binding proteins, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and encapsulated within a lipid vesicle. This system is an artificial cell, such as a vesicle, where artificial nanobacteria and actin polymerization machinery are used in driving force generators inside the cell. The assembled structure was observed to crawl on a glass surface analogously to an amoeba, with the speed of the movement dependent on the amount of actin monomers and ATP present.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Oncolytic Treatment Interferes with Tumor-Associated Dendritic Cell Functions and Abrogates Tumor Antigen Presentation (2011)

Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising biological approach to cancer treatment that contributes to tumor eradication via immune- and non-immune-mediated mechanisms. One of the remaining challenges for these experimental therapies is the necessity to develop a durable adaptive immune response against the tumor. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a prototypical oncolytic virus (OV) that exemplifies the multiple mechanisms of oncolysis, including direct cell lysis, cellular hypoxia resulting from the shutdown of tumor vasculature, and inflammatory cytokine release. Despite these properties, the generation of sustained antitumor immunity is observed only when VSV is engineered to express a tumor antigen directly. In the present study, we sought to increase the number of tumor-associated dendritic cells (DC) in vivo and tumor antigen presentation by combining VSV treatment with recombinant Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (rFlt3L), a growth factor promoting the differentiation and proliferation of DC. The combination of VSV oncolysis and rFLt3L improved animal survival in two different tumor models, i.e., VSV-resistant B16 melanoma and VSV-sensitive E.G7 T lymphoma; however, increased survival was independent of the adaptive CD8 T cell response. Tumor-associated DC were actively infected by VSV in vivo, which reduced their viability and prevented their migration to the draining lymph nodes to prime a tumor-specific CD8 T cell response. These results demonstrate that VSV interferes with tumor DC functions and blocks tumor antigen presentation.
Original Article: Compounding dermatologic preparations in developing countries (2009)

Access to medications and their proper use are essential in developing countries. An interdisciplinary team of dermatologists and pharmacists created a master list of preparations useful for treating the most common dermatologic disorders in tropical and equatorial areas. The first pilot project was done at Cardinal Leger Hospital in Leogane, Haiti. Training was given to local staff at that hospital in 2005. Four years later, the clinic continues to prepare and offer, at a reasonable price, drugs that the population needs.
Emulation of forward-looking radar technology for threat detection in rough terrain environments: a scattering and imaging study (2013)

Large-scale, full-wave modeling of multistatic target imaging in a rough ground environment is described. The emulation methodology employs a parallelized three-dimensional “near-field” finite-difference time-domain algorithm in characterizing the electromagnetic scattering from the ground surface and buried and on-surface targets in the form of landmines and unexploded ordnances; subsequent focusing of the scattered fields into an image is obtained with the time-reversal technique. The emphasis of this study is on investigating the detectability of discrete ground targets in the presence of distributed variable ground clutter as relevant to performance prediction for ultra-wideband forward-looking radar applications.
Washing methods for removal of residues of 44 mineral elements from grapes (2009)

Several elements of anthropogenic and natural origin can settle on the grape berry skin.&#13;\nIn this study, the effectiveness of 3 washing methods (using ultrapure water, 0.2% acetic acid and&#13;\n0.2% citric acid) in removing contaminants was tested on laboratory scale, in comparison with an&#13;\nanalytical washing preparation of reference with nitric acid 1%.&#13;\nForty-four macro, micro and trace elements were quantified in the solutions after berry washing&#13;\ntreatment. The analysis was carried out with an ICP-MS.&#13;\nThe citric acid solution provided comparable or only slightly less effective results in comparison&#13;\nwith HNO3-wahing method, whereas acetic acid and water removed on average only 45% of the&#13;\ncontaminants removable using the reference method. The technological removal of pollutant&#13;\nelements using washing solution needs further research as regards environmental sustainability&#13;\nbecause of the consumption of drinking water
Characterization of in situ Nonoxide‐Boron Nitride (Nobn) Composites (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract Introduction Experimental Procedure Results and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgement
The 1.1 eV deep level in 4H-SiC (2002)

Temperature dependent Hall effect and optical absorption measurements of vanadium doped semi-insulating 4H-SiC samples are reported along with optical admittance spectroscopy measurements of related material. In addition to the deep donor and acceptor levels of substitutional vanadium, E/sub C/-1.6 eV and E/sub C/-0.7 eV respectively, we report an additional level at 1.1 eV. This level has been seen in undoped 4H-SiC by optical admittance spectroscopy which has also detected a similar level at E/sub C/-1.0 eV in 6H-SiC, and by temperature dependent Hall effect in vanadium doped material. Optical absorption measurements of the vanadium intra-center absorption show that this level is not either of the two substitutional vanadium levels. SIMS measurements support the hypothesis that the 1.1 eV level is a complex of vanadium and another impurity, possibly titanium.
<title>Introduction to Image Algebra Ada</title> (1991)

Image Algebra Ada (IAA) is a superset of the Ada programming language designed to support use of the Air Force Armament Laboratory's image algebra in the development of computer vision application programs. The IAA language differs from other computer vision languages is several respects. It is machine independent, and an IAA translator has been implemented in the military standard Ada language. Its image operands and operations can be used to program a range of both low- and high-level vision algorithms. This paper provides an overview of the image algebra constructs supported in IAA and describes the embodiment of these constructs in the IAA extension of Ada. Examples showing the use of IAA for a range of computer vision tasks are given. The design of IAA as a superset of Ada and the implementation of the initial translator in Ada represent critical choices. The authors discuss the reasoning behind these choices as well as the benefits and drawbacks associated with them. Implementation strategies associated with the use of Ada as an implementation language for IAA are also discussed. While one can look on IAA as a program design language (PDL) for specifying Ada programs, it is useful to consider IAA as a separate language superset of Ada. This admits the possibility of directly translating IAA for implementation on special purpose architectures. This paper explores strategies for porting IAA to various architectures and notes the critical language and implementation features for porting to different architectures.
Cranial fasciitis: nodular fasciitis of the head. (1980)

An infant was noted at birth to have a lesion over the left coronal suture fixed to both the skin and periosteum, which was identical histologically to nodular fasciitis. This lesion has been described in the literature in various locations, but rarely in the scalp, and not in newborns.
Advanced pricing in electrical systems. II. Implications (1997)

Part I of this paper set forth a mathematical formulation of a model for real-time pricing of electricity that included selected ancillary services and extended the theory to incorporate constraints on power quality and environment impact that often influence the operation of a power system. Derived herein are optimal real-time prices for both real and reactive power. The optimal prices are temporally and spatially differentiated. The prices derived include additive premia, or opportunity costs, reflecting the effects of voltage regulation, maintenance of generation and transmission reserves, regulation of frequency and tie-line flows, removal and/or control of power harmonics and others. This paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the optimal prices for pricing of both retail and wholesale services.
Maximizing Influence in an Ising Network: A Mean-Field Optimal Solution (2016)

Influence maximization in social networks has typically been studied in the context of contagion models and irreversible processes. In this paper, we consider an alternate model that treats individual opinions as spins in an Ising system at dynamic equilibrium. We formalize the \textit{Ising influence maximization} problem, which has a natural physical interpretation as maximizing the magnetization given a budget of external magnetic field. Under the mean-field (MF) approximation, we present a gradient ascent algorithm that uses the susceptibility to efficiently calculate local maxima of the magnetization, and we develop a number of sufficient conditions for when the MF magnetization is concave and our algorithm converges to a global optimum. We apply our algorithm on random and real-world networks, demonstrating, remarkably, that the MF optimal external fields (i.e., the external fields which maximize the MF magnetization) shift from focusing on high-degree individuals at high temperatures to focusing on low-degree individuals at low temperatures. We also establish a number of novel results about the structure of steady-states in the ferromagnetic MF Ising model on general graph topologies, which are of independent interest.
Virtual Reality in Air Traffic Control (2000)

Air traffic control is a highly spatial work. However, there are currently no three-dimensional tools used in the education of air traffic controllers or in the operational work of air traffic control. This paper presents results from some pilot studies aiming to: – Find new techniques for visualisation and editing of trajectories in air traffic control – Investigate how Virtual Reality (VR) can contribute to the air traffic controllers' understanding of the air space and of certain situations. Two VR models have been developed. In one model a procedure called ‘holding’ is visualised. In the other VR model the different sectors in the air space are shown to make it easier for the air traffic controller to build a mental picture of a sector. In a training package the user can fly around in the sector and see how traffic passes through. These introductory studies indicate the usefulness of new ways to present the third dimension in a variety of air traffic situations. The tools can be used to visualise a three dimensional situation and help the air traffic controller to build a mental model. The most obvious application area is in training and education of air traffic controllers but other applications such as an explanation and communication tool in the investigation after an incident are of interest.
Efficient Data-Driven Network Functions (2022)

Cloud environments require dynamic and adaptive networking policies. It is preferred to use heuristics over advanced learning algorithms in Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) in production becuase of high-performance constraints. This paper proposes Aquarius to passively yet efficiently gather observations and enable the use of machine learning to collect, infer, and supply accurate networking state information-without incurring additional signalling and management overhead. This paper illustrates the use of Aquarius with a traffic classifier, an autoscaling system, and a load balancer-and demonstrates the use of three different machine learning paradigms-unsupervised, supervised, and reinforcement learning, within Aquarius, for inferring network state. Testbed evaluations show that Aquarius increases network state visibility and brings notable performance gains with low overhead.
Moisture-Resistant Polyimide Aerogels Containing Propylene Oxide Links in the Backbone (2016)

Polyimide aerogels made using anhydride-capped oligomers from 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA) and 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) cross-linked with 1,3,5-tri(aminophenoxy)benzene (TAB) have been reported with very good mechanical properties but poor resistance to moisture. Replacing 50 mol % of the ODA with poly(propylene glycol)bis(2-aminopropyl ether) (PPG) with an average molecular weight of 230 g/mol in the oligomer backbone gives aerogels with water contact angles of 80°. The aerogels also absorb very little moisture on soaking in water. The aerogels also shrink less with increasing PPG concentration and therefore have significantly lower density and higher porosity than those made without PPG. Mechanical properties of the aerogels increased with increasing density, regardless of the polymer backbone. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of the aerogels studied ranged from 300 to 400 m<sup>2</sup>/g, depending mainly on PPG concentration. The high moisture resistance makes them promising materials for substrates for lightweight antennas as well as insulation for a variety of applications.