gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Articulated primary mirror /APM/ for the Solar Optical Telescope /SOT/ (1981)

Allowing the location of the primary vs secondary mirrors to be movable in space, the articulated primary mirror (APM) was designed as an inexpensive alternative, providing stable imagery, for the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT). Requirements of high resolution in the sub-arc-second region, and the ability to point the telescope through the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) were satisfied. Alignment sensors, contained within the subsystem, locate the points of coincidence of the foci of the primary and secondary optics (conic foci). These are utilized as inputs for subsystem actuators to correct via the digital controller algorithm.
Modelling of Neurological Diseases Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2011)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were first established as an in vitro culture system (Thomson et al., 1998). hESCs are pluripotent cells that are able to self-renew and can differentiate into the three primary germ layers: endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm. Specifically, hESCs can be used to generate gut epithelium, cartilage, bone, muscle, neuroepithelium, and embryonic ganglia (Zhang et al., 2001, Itskovitz-Eldor et al., 2000, Sottile et al., 2003, Thomson et al., 1998, Green et al., 2003). Since these hESC cell lines can be maintained for months in an undifferentiated state, they can be used as a stable resource to model human development in vitro. The conversion of hESCs to neural progenitors and subsequently to the three main neural lineages: neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes was first demonstrated in 2001 (Reubinoff et al., 2001). The recent advent (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006) of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) makes it possible to derive pluripotent stem cells from somatic tissue. iPSCs are derived by transfecting somatic cells (e.g. skin fibroblasts) with a select group of transcription factors; Sox2, Oct4, Myc and Klf4 to induce reprogramming of the genome over a period of 3-4 weeks. This breakthrough by Yamanaka and colleagues enables the modelling of human disease by, for example, taking a patient’s skin cells, converting them to iPSCs and then differentiating it to any desired cell-type. Thus iPSC technology opens a new era of patient-specific disease modelling. Here, we review diseases of the nervous system that have been modelled using iPSC which includes; RETT syndrome (RTT), Familial dysautonomia (FD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntingtons (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). To provide some background to the neurological disease modelling studies by iPSCs we begin by reviewing protocols for neural induction (differentiation) of hESC.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Fischer Alkynylcarbene Complexes with 1‐Azadiene Derivatives: Unexpected Formation of 3,4‐Dihydropyridines. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Citosine-Adenine-Repeat Microsatellite of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 Gene in Hypertensive Children (2015)

The CA-repeat length did not influence BP levels or serum F/E ratios in pediatric subjects. However, the serum F/E ratio was associated with BP, suggesting a role of 11βHSD2 in mineralocorticoid hypertension.
Panoramix: 3D mixing and post-production workstation (2016)

International audience
Supplementary Data from Clonal Mutations Activate the NF-κB Pathway to Promote Recurrence of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;All Supplementary Tables in one file. Supplementary Table 1. Clinical data on the rNPC and pNPC for whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing. Supplementary Table 2.Clinical characteristics of rNPC and pNPC FFPE samples. Supplementary Table 3. The correspondence between sample ID in the manuscript and sample alias in the database (HRA000053) Supplementary Table 4. Summary of WES/WGS on 55rNPC and 44pNPC. Supplementary Table 5. Summary of mutation in 55 rNPC and 44 pNPC cases. Supplementary Table 6. Somatic SNVs and indels of coding regions in 55 rNPC and 44 pNPC cases. Supplementary table 7. Validation of somatic mutations in rNPC and pNPC. Supplementary Table 8. Summary of WES in 7 paired rNPC and pNPC samples. Supplementary table 9. Somatic SNVs and indels of coding regions in pired rNPC and pNPC cases. Supplementary Table 10. Overlapped somatic SNVs and indels of coding regions in 7 paired rNPC and pNPC cases. Supplementary table 11. Summary of CNVs and SVs in 55 rNPC and 44 pNPC cases. Supplementary Table 12. Summary of survival analyses by multivariate Cox proportional hazards model by overall survival. Supplementary Table 13. Summary of survival analyses by multivariate Cox proportional hazards model by loco-regional relapse-free survival.&lt;/p&gt;
Body size and predatory performance in wolves: is bigger better? (2009)

1. Large body size hinders locomotor performance in ways that may lead to trade-offs in predator foraging ability that limit the net predatory benefit of larger size. For example, size-related improvements in handling prey may come at the expense of pursuing prey and thus negate any enhancement in overall predatory performance due to increasing size. 2. This hypothesis was tested with longitudinal data from repeated observations of 94 individually known wolves (Canis lupus) hunting elk (Cervus elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Wolf size was estimated from an individually based sex-specific growth model derived from body mass measurements of 304 wolves. 3. Larger size granted individual wolves a net predatory advantage despite substantial variation in its effect on the performance of different predatory tasks; larger size improved performance of a strength-related task (grappling and subduing elk) but failed to improve performance of a locomotor-related task (selecting an elk from a group) for wolves > 39 kg. 4. Sexual dimorphism in wolf size also explained why males outperformed females in each of the three tasks considered (attacking, selecting, and killing). 5. These findings support the generalization that bigger predators are overall better hunters, but they also indicate that increasing size ultimately limits elements of predatory behaviour that require superior locomotor performance. We argue that this could potentially narrow the dietary niche of larger carnivores as well as limit the evolution of larger size if prey are substantially more difficult to pursue than to handle.
Performance Analysis of The Path Selective Decorrelating Detector with a Maximum Likelihood Channel Estimator (2002)

The adaptive path selective decorrelating detector requires the knowledge of the channel coefficients for path selection to reduce both system complexity and noise enhancement. Generally, the\nchannel coefficients are assumed to be known at the receiver. However, this is not realistic. Therefore, we propose a maximum-likelihood channel estimation method that makes use of both known spreading sequences and short training sequences for the estimation of channel coefficients. We derive an expression for the Mean Square Error (MSE) of the channel estimate and extend the semi-analytic Bit Error Rate\n(BER) analysis of the path selective receiver to include estimation errors. Results show that with a fairly\nshort training sequence (8-16 bits) the system performs very close to the known channel case.
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) promotes B cell lymphomagenesis in Emu-cmyc transgenic mice (2007)

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which is essential to both class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation of the Ig gene, is expressed in many types of human B cell lymphoma/leukemia. AID is a potent mutator because it is involved in DNA breakage not only of Ig but also of other genes, including proto-oncogenes. Recent studies suggest that AID is required for chromosomal translocation involving cmyc and Ig loci. However, it is unclear whether AID plays other roles in tumorigenesis. We examined the effect of AID deficiency on the generation of surface Ig-positive B cell lymphomas in Emu-cmyc transgenic mice. Almost all lymphomas that developed in AID-deficient transgenic mice were pre-B cell lymphomas, whereas control transgenic mice had predominantly B cell lymphomas, indicating that AID is required for development of B but not pre-B cell lymphomas from cmyc overexpressing tumor progenitors. Thus, AID may play multiple roles in B cell lymphomagenesis.
Applied upper-airway resistance instantly affects breath components: a unique insight into pulmonary medicine (2017)

Respiratory parameters such as flow or rate have complex effects on the exhalation of volatile substances and can hamper clinical interpretation of breath biomarkers. We have investigated the effects of progressively applied upper-airway resistances on the exhalation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in healthy humans. We performed real-time mass-spectrometric determination of breath volatiles in 50 subjects with parallel, non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring, breath-resolved spirometry and capnometry during controlled tidal breathing (12 breaths/min). Airway resistance was increased by changing the mouthpiece diameters from 2.5 cm to 1.0 cm and to 0.5 cm. At the smallest diameter, oxygen uptake increased (35%↑). Cardiac output decreased (6%↓) but end-tidal PCO<sub>2</sub> (8%↑) and exhalation of blood-borne isoprene (19%↑) increased. Carbon dioxide production remained constant. Furan, hydrogen sulphide mirrored isoprene. Despite lowered minute ventilation (4%↓) acetone concentrations decreased (3%↓). Exogenous acetonitrile, propionic acid, isopropanol, limonene mimicked acetone. VOC concentration changes could be modelled through substance volatility. Airway resistance-induced changes in hemodynamics, and ventilation can affect VOC exhalation and thereby interfere with breath biomarker interpretation. The effects of collateral ventilation, intra-alveolar pressure gradients and respiratory mechanics had to be considered to explain the exhalation kinetics of CO<sub>2</sub> and VOCs. Conventional breath sampling via smaller mouthpiece diameters (≤1.0 cm, e.g. via straw in Tedlar bags or canisters, etc) will immediately affect VOC exhalation and thereby mislead the analysis of the obtained results. Endogenous isoprene may probe respiratory muscle workload under obstructive conditions. Breath-gas analysis might enhance our understanding of diagnosis and management of obstructive lung diseases in the future.
Protozoan parasites and water (1995)

Introduction Clinical Aspects and Epidemiology of Waterborne Parasitic Disease Distribution of Protozoan Parasites Detection Methods for Protozoan Parasites Water Treatment to Remove Protozoan Parasites Special Topics Subject Index.
Prostaglandin F2α Stimulates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Depending on the Existence of Bovine Granulosa Cells: Analysis by Co‐culture System of Endothelial Cells, Smooth Muscle Cells and Granulosa Cells (2008)

Prostaglandin F(2 alpha) (PGF(2 alpha)) induces luteolysis in the mid but not in the early luteal phase; despite this, both the early and the mid corpus luteum (CL) have PGF(2 alpha) receptor (FPr). We previously indicated that the luteal blood flow surrounding the CL drastically increases prior to a decrease of progesterone (P) in the cows, suggesting that an acute increase of luteal blood flow may be an early sign of luteolysis in response to PGF(2 alpha) and that this may be induced by a vasorelaxant nitric oxide (NO). The aim of this study was to investigate the luteal stage-dependent and the site-restricted effect of PGF(2 alpha) and NO on the mRNA expressions and P secretion. To mimic the local luteal region both of peripheral and central areas of the CL, we utilized co-cultures using bovine aorta endothelial cells (EC), smooth muscle cells (SMC) and luteinizing granulosa cells (GC) or fully-luteinized GC. PGF(2 alpha) stimulated the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) mRNA at 0.5 h in mix-cultures of EC and SMC with fully-luteinized GC but not with luteinizing GC. The expression of eNOS mRNA in EC was increased by PGF(2 alpha) at 1 h only when EC was cultured together with fully-luteinized GC but not with luteinizing GC. In all co-cultures, PGF(2 alpha) did not affect the mRNA expression of FPr. Treatment of NO donor inhibited P secretion at 0.5 h. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the coexistence of the mature luteal cells (fully-luteinized GC) with EC/SMC may be crucial for acquiring functional NO synthesis induced by PGF(2 alpha).
ChemInform Abstract: The Serendipitous Formation of an Unusual Methyl N′‐Cyano‐N‐(5‐ methylthio‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ylidene)carbamimidothioate and Subsequent Reactions. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cystatin-like cysteine proteinase inhibitors from human liver (1984)

Cysteine proteinase inhibitor (CPI) forms from human liver were purified from the tissue homogenate by alkaline denaturation of cysteine proteinases with which they are complexed, acetone fractionation, affinity chromatography on S-carboxymethyl-papain-Sepharose and chromatofocusing. The multiple forms of CPI were shown immunologically to be forms of two proteins, referred to as CPI-A (comprising the forms of relatively acidic pI) and CPI-B (comprising the more basic forms). CPI-A and CPI-B are similar in their Mr of about 12400, considerable stability to pH2, pH11 and 80 degrees C, and tight-binding inhibition of papain, several related cysteine proteinases and dipeptidyl peptidase I. Ki values were determined for papain, human cathepsins B, H and L, and dipeptidyl peptidase I. The affinity of CPI-A for cathepsin B was about 10-fold greater than that of CPI-B, whereas CBI-B showed about 100-fold stronger inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase I. For all the cysteine proteinases the liver inhibitors were somewhat less tight binding than cystatin. The resemblance of both CPI-A and CPI-B in several respects to egg-white cystatin is discussed. CPI-A seems to correspond to the epithelial inhibitor described previously, and CPI-B to the inhibitor from other cell types [Järvinen & Rinne (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 708, 210-217].
[Relationship between the content of some fractions of high molecular weight polyphosphates and total nucleic acids upon dehydration of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. (1978)

Essential redistribution of various polyphosphate fractions was shown during dehydration and subsequent reactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 14. Dehydration no matter what method was used, was followed by an increase in the content of acid soluble polyphosphates (fraction Poly P1) and a decrease of that of salt soluble polyphosphates (fraction Poly P2). Reactivation of dehydrated yeast was, on the contrary, accompanied by a decrease in the PP 1 and an increase in the Poly P2 content. A direct correlation between the Poly P2 fraction and total nucleic acids was demonstrated under various conditions of dehydration and subsequent reactivation. An inverse correlation between the content of the Poly P2, fraction and nucleic acids, on the one hand, and that of the Poly P1 fraction, on the other, was observed. Study of activities of polyphosphatases, tripolyphosphatase, pyrophosphatase and ATPase in dehydrated yeast showed values similar to those in original cells.
Murine Hepatitis Virus Replicase Protein nsp10 Is a Critical Regulator of Viral RNA Synthesis (2020)

Coronavirus replication requires proteolytic processing of the large polyprotein encoded by ORF1a/ab into putative functional intermediates and eventually ∼15 mature proteins. The C-terminal ORF1a protein nsp10 colocalizes with viral replication complexes, but its role in transcription/replication is not well defined. To investigate the role of nsp10 in coronavirus transcription/replication, alanine replacements were engineered into a murine hepatitis virus (MHV) infectious clone in place of conserved residues in predicted functional domains or charged amino acid pairs/triplets, and rescued viruses were analyzed for mutant phenotypes. Of the 16 engineered clones, 5 viable viruses were rescued, 3 mutant viruses generated no cytopathic effect but were competent to synthesize viral subgenomic RNAs, and 8 were not viable. All viable mutants showed reductions in growth kinetics and overall viral RNA synthesis, implicating nsp10 as being a cofactor in positive- or negative-strand synthesis. Viable mutant nsp10-E2 was compromised in its ability to process the nascent polyprotein, as processing intermediates were detected in cells infected with this virus that were not detectable in wild-type infections. Mapping the mutations onto the crystal structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus nsp10 identified a central core resistant to mutation. Mutations targeting residues in or near either zinc-binding finger generated nonviable phenotypes, demonstrating that both domains are essential to nsp10 function and MHV replication. All mutations resulting in viable phenotypes mapped to loops outside the central core and were characterized by a global decrease in RNA synthesis. These results demonstrate that nsp10 is a critical regulator of coronavirus RNA synthesis and may play an important role in polyprotein processing.
The Effect of Low Frame Rate Fluoroscopy on the X-ray Dose during Coronary Intervention (2016)

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of low frame rate fluoroscopy at 7.5 frames per second during coronary intervention could reduce radiation exposure in Japanese patients. Methods From December 10, 2014 to March 20, 2015, 84 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease who underwent coronary intervention in our institution were retrospectively collected and then divided into two groups: the LR group (fluoroscopy at 7.5 frames per second) and the OR group (fluoroscopy at 15 frames per second), according to the frame rate of fluoroscopy that was used in their treatment. Results There were no differences in the patient backgrounds or the procedural characteristics of the two groups. Although there were no differences in the contrast volume or fluoroscopy time, the total air kerma at the interventional reference point, which is used to monitor the patient's radiation dose, was significantly lower in the LR group than in the OR group (701.4±427.9 vs. 936.8±623.9 mGy, p=0.02). Conclusion Low frame rate fluoroscopy at 7.5 frames per second is safe and feasible for use during coronary interventions and an easy and useful strategy for reducing the radiation to which patients are exposed during coronary intervention.
A Novel and Rapid PCR-Based Method for Genotyping Human Papillomaviruses in Clinical Samples (2000)

Many human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes are associated with cervical carcinoma. We demonstrate the utility of an innovative technique for genotyping of HPV in cervical tissue samples. This method provides an accurate means of identification of the specific HPV genotypes present in clinical specimens. By using the MY09-MY11 and the GP5(+)-GP6(+) consensus primer pairs, HPV sequences were amplified by nested PCR from DNA isolated from cervical smear samples. This led to the production of an approximately 140-bp PCR product from the L1 (major capsid) gene of any of the HPVs present in the sample. PCR was performed with a deoxynucleoside triphosphate mixture which resulted in the incorporation of deoxyuridine into the amplified DNA product at positions where deoxythymidine would normally be incorporated at a frequency of about once or twice per strand. Following the PCR, the product was treated with an enzyme mix that contains uracil N-glycosylase (UNG) and endonuclease IV. UNG removes the uracil base from the nucleotide, and endonuclease IV cleaves the phosphodiester bond at this newly formed abasic site, producing fragments of various sizes. By having end labeled one of the amplification primers, a DNA ladder which is analogous to a "T-sequencing ladder" was produced upon electrophoresis of the products. By comparing this T-sequencing ladder to the known sequences of HPVs, the genotypes of unknown HPV isolates in samples were assigned. Data showing the utility of this technique for the rapid analysis of clinical samples are presented.
Self-erasing discharge mode for improvement of luminous efficiency in AC plasma display panel (2003)

The current paper proposes a new self-erasing discharge mode to improve the luminous efficiency in an ac plasma display panel (ac-PDP). The self-erasing discharge mode is produced by simultaneous application of auxiliary short pulses to the address electrodes at the falling edges of the sustain pulses. By proper adjusting of the amplitude and width of the auxiliary short pulses, an improved luminous efficiency of 26% and luminance of 9% were simultaneously obtained under the stable driving voltage margin condition (>60 V).
Multiprocessor computer overset grid method and apparatus (2023)

A multiprocessor computer overset grid method and apparatus comprises associating points in each overset grid with processors and using mapped interpolation transformations to communicate intermediate values between processors assigned base and target points of the interpolation transformations. The method allows a multiprocessor computer to operate with effective load balance on overset grid applications.
Molecular characterization and expression profiling of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase genes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (2017)

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a tightly controlled enzyme located at the core of plant carbohydrate metabolism. Plant PEPCs belong to a small multigene family encoding several plant-type PEPC genes, along with at least one distantly related bacterial-type PEPC gene. The PEPC genes have been intensively studied in Arabidopsis, but not in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Previously, we isolated five PEPC genes (AhPEPC1, AhPEPC2, AhPEPC3, AhPEPC4 and AhPEPC5) from peanut. Here, due to the sequencing of the peanut genome, we analyzed the complexity of its PEPC gene family, including phylogenetic relationships, gene structure and chromosome mapping. The results showed that AhPEPC1, AhPEPC2, AhPEPC3 and AhPEPC4 encoded typical plant-type enzymes, while AhPEPC5 was a bacterial-type PEPC. The recombinant proteins of these genes were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the calculated molecular weights of the recombinant proteins were 110.8 kD (AhPEPC1), 110.7 kD (AhPEPC2), 110.3 kD (AhPEPC3), 110.8 kD (AhPEPC4), and 116.4 kD (AhPEPC5). The expression patterns of AhPEPC1-5 were analyzed under cold, salt and drought conditions. Our results indicated that the expression of AhPEPC3 was rapidly and substantially enhanced under abiotic stress, whereas the expression of AhPEPC1 and AhPEPC2 was slightly enhanced under certain stress conditions. Some genes were down-regulated in leaves under stress: AhPEPC1, AhPEPC4 and AhPEPC5 under salt stress and AhPEPC4 and AhPEPC5 under drought stress. These results suggest that peanut PEPC proteins may differ in their functions during acclimation to abiotic stresses.
A new approach to combretastatin D2 (2005)

A concise and convergent route to combretastatin D2 is described together with some preliminary biological data.
Development and characterization of polymorphic microRNA‐based microsatellite markers in Nelumbo nucifera (Nelumbonaceae) (2016)

The polymorphic microsatellite markers will be useful for studying the genetic diversity and population structure of N. nucifera.