gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for Abiotic Dechlorination of Trichloroethene by Ferrous Minerals under Oxic and Anoxic Conditions in Natural Sediments (2018)

Bench-scale experiments were performed on natural sediments to assess abiotic dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In the absence of oxygen (<26 μM), TCE dechlorination proceeded via a reductive pathway generating acetylene and/or ethene. Reductive dechlorination rate constants up to 3.1 × 10<sup>-5</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> were measured, after scaling to in situ solid:water ratios. In the presence of oxygen greater than 120 μM, TCE dechlorination proceeded via an oxidative pathway generating formic/glyoxylic and glycolic/acetic acids, and oxidative dechlorination rate constants (again scaled to in situ conditions) up to 7.4 × 10<sup>-3</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> were measured. These rates correspond to half-lives of 60 and 0.25 years for abiotic TCE dechlorination under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively, indicating the potentially large impact of aerobic TCE oxidation in the field. For both reductive and oxidative TCE dechlorination pathways, measured first-order rate constants increased with increasing ferrous iron content, suggesting the role of iron oxidation. Hydroxyl radical formation was measured and increased with increasing oxygen and ferrous iron content. Rate constants associated with TCE oxidation products increased with increasing hydroxyl radical generation rates, and were zero in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, suggesting that oxidative TCE dechlorination is a hydroxyl radical driven process.
The foundations of a provably secure operating system (PSOS) (1979)

PSOS has been designed according to a set of formal techniques embodying the SRI Hierarchical Development Methodology (HDM). HDM has been described elsewhere, 1 - 3 and thus is only summarized here. The influence of HDM on the security of PSOS is also discussed elsewhere. 4 In addition, Linden 5 gives a general discussion of the impact of structured design techniques on the security of operating systems (including capability systems).
The short-term activation of a rolipram-sensitive, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase by thyroid-stimulating hormone in thyroid FRTL-5 cells is mediated by a cAMP-dependent phosphorylation. (1994)

To elucidate the mechanism causing the transient accumulation of intracellular cAMP in the FRTL-5 thyroid cell line, the short-term effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity was studied. Together with an increase in cAMP levels, TSH produced a significant increase in total PDE activity as early as 3 min, with a maximal stimulation reached after 15 min. This short-term increase in PDE activity was dependent on the TSH concentration (ED50 = 4 x 10(-11) M TSH). Forskolin and dibutyryl cAMP produced an even larger stimulation than that produced by TSH, suggesting that the effect of TSH is mediated by cAMP. To determine the properties of the PDE forms activated by TSH, antibodies specific for the cAMP-PDEs were used to immunoprecipitate the PDEs present in control cells, and cells incubated for 15 min in the presence of 10 nM TSH. Comparison of the activity recovered in the immunoprecipitation pellets demonstrated that TSH produced more than a 2.5-fold increase in the cAMP-PDE form(s) recognized by this antibody. Conversely, the activity remaining in the supernatants was not affected by the TSH treatment. Most of the activity recovered in the immunoprecipitation pellets (90%) was inhibited by 10 microM Rolipram, an inhibitor specific for the high affinity cAMP-PDEs. No TSH stimulation of the Rolipram-insensitive PDE activity could be observed under these conditions. Western blot analyses with two different cAMP-PDE specific antibodies showed that a 15-min stimulation with TSH induced the appearance of a new band with electrophoretic mobility slower than the polypeptide present in unstimulated cells. The appearance of this band did not require ongoing protein synthesis because it occurred in the presence of cycloheximide. Metabolic [32P]orthophosphate labeling of intact FRTL-5 cells indicated that the TSH treatment caused an increased 32P incorporation into a polypeptide that co-purified with the stimulated PDE activity and had an electrophoretic mobility identical to that of the cAMP-PDE. Okadaic acid, a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase 2A, elicited a potentiation of the TSH-stimulated PDE activity. The stimulating of a PDE with the same immunological properties and Rolipram sensitivity as the cAMP-PDE stimulated by TSH in the intact cells was reproduced, in a cell-free system, by incubating soluble extracts from FRTL-5 cells with the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These data provide evidence that TSH produces a rapid activation of a cAMP-PDE in the FRTL-5 cells through a cAMP-dependent phosphorylation.
C-Mannosylation Enhances the Structural Stability of Human RNase 2 (2020)

C-Mannosylation is a relatively rare form of protein glycosylation involving the attachment of an α-mannopyranosyl residue to C-2 of the indole moiety of the amino acid tryptophan. This type of linkage was initially discovered in RNase 2 from human urine but later confirmed to be present in many other important proteins. Based on NMR experiments and extensive molecular dynamics simulations on the hundred microsecond timescale we demonstrate that, for isolated glycopeptides and denatured RNase 2, the C-linked mannopyranosyl residue exists as an ensemble of conformations, among which <sup>1</sup>C<sub>4</sub> is the most abundant. However, for native RNase 2, molecular dynamics and NMR studies revealed that the mannopyranosyl residue favors a specific conformation, which optimally stabilizes the protein fold through a network of hydrogen bonds and which leads to a significant reduction of the protein dynamics on the microsecond timescale. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the biological role of C-mannosylation.
Preparation of Magnesium Enolates of α‐Keto Esters and Synthetic Applications. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Laparoscopic Rectopexy (1993)

A 74-year-old female suffering from recurrent rectal prolapse underwent laparoscopic rectopexy. A modified sling rectopexy was performed with excellent results. The authors believe that this is the first report of this technique.
Field and laboratory studies to assess the state of health of valve-regulated lead acid batteries. I Conductance/capacity correlation studies (2003)

Approximately 500 valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) cells have been capacity tested, and measurements of conductance as well as conventional diagnostic parameters, such as float voltage and specific gravity, have been taken. Cells studied ranged from four to six years' service, from 200 to 1000 Ah in size and included a group of 6 V 200-Ah monoblocs. Although individual cell capacities ranged from 0% to 100%, there was essentially no correlation of capacity with the conventional diagnostic parameters of float voltage or specific gravity. By contrast, correlation of conductance with capacity was universally high, and sufficiently good to allow statistical prediction of capacity to be made from individual cell conductance values. Limited temperature test data, measured during discharge, show a significantly greater increase than would be expected in a vented (flooded) cell, of similar size and at similar rates. Additional data are needed to quantify this effect and determine necessary temperature correction factors for capacity discharge tests of VRLA cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The effect of dose in tolerance induction on the subsequent response to a cross-reactive antigen. (1969)

The amount of antibody produced by BSA-tolerant rabbits as a result of immunization with DNP—BSA is dependent upon the amount of BSA used to induce tolerance. Tolerance was induced by initial injection of 100 μg of antigen followed by progressively higher doses. Rabbits rendered tolerant with a maximum BSA dose of 1 mg had a mean serum anti-BSA antibody concentration of 0.39 mg/ml after immunization with DNP—BSA, whereas rabbits rendered tolerant with a maximum BSA dose of 100 mg had a mean serum anti-BSA concentration of 0.02 mg after the same course of immunization. This compares with a mean of 1.08 mg of anti-BSA antibody in normal rabbits immunized with DNP—BSA. There was a similar reduction in the concentration of anti-DNP antibodies and of conjugate-specific antibodies in the tolerant groups.

The results are discussed in terms of a thermodynamically-controlled induction of tolerance in individual precursor cells.
Proteasome- and Calpain-Mediated Proteolysis, but Not Autophagy, Is Required for Leucine-Induced Protein Synthesis in C2C12 Myotubes (2021)

Muscle protein synthesis and proteolysis are tightly coupled processes. Given that muscle growth is promoted by increases in net protein balance, it stands to reason that bolstering protein synthesis through amino acids while reducing or inhibiting proteolysis could be a synergistic strategy in enhancing anabolism. However, there is contradictory evidence suggesting that the proper functioning of proteolytic systems in muscle is required for homeostasis. To add clarity to this issue, we sought to determine if inhibiting different proteolytic systems in C2C12 myotubes in conjunction with acute and chronic leucine treatments affected markers of anabolism. In Experiment 1, myotubes underwent 1-h, 6-h, and 24-h treatments with serum and leucine-free DMEM containing the following compounds (<i>n</i> = 6 wells per treatment): (i) DMSO vehicle (CTL), (ii) 2 mM leucine + vehicle (Leu-only), (iii) 2 mM leucine + 40 μM MG132 (20S proteasome inhibitor) (Leu + MG132), (iv) 2 mM leucine + 50 μM calpeptin (calpain inhibitor) (Leu + CALP), and (v) 2 mM leucine + 1 μM 3-methyladenine (autophagy inhibitor) (Leu + 3MA). Protein synthesis levels significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the Leu-only and Leu + 3MA 6-h treatments compared to CTL, and levels were significantly lower in Leu + MG132 and Leu + CALP versus Leu-only and CTL. With 24-h treatments, total protein yield was significantly lower in Leu + MG132 cells versus other treatments. Additionally, the intracellular essential amino acid (EAA) pool was significantly greater in 24-h Leu + MG132 treatments versus other treatments. In a follow-up experiment, myotubes were treated for 48 h with CTL, Leu-only, and Leu + MG132 for morphological assessments. Results indicated Leu + MG132 yielded significantly smaller myotubes compared to CTL and Leu-only. Our data are limited in scope due to the utilization of select proteolysis inhibitors. However, this is the first evidence to suggest proteasome and calpain inhibition with MG132 and CALP, respectively, abrogate leucine-induced protein synthesis in myotubes. Additionally, longer-term Leu + MG132 treatments translated to an atrophy phenotype. Whether or not proteasome inhibition in vivo reduces leucine- or EAA-induced anabolism remains to be determined.
Focal Beam Distortion and Treatment Planning in Abdominal Focused Ultrasound Surgery (2006)

The purpose of this study was to numerically demonstrate the focal‐beam distortion in abdominal focused ultrasound surgery, and to present a phase correction procedure to restore the focal beam patterns. Abdominal MR data from four uterine fibroid patients were obtained to reconstruct the 3‐D meshes of interfaces used in simulations, and one patient was selected to perform the analysis of key parameters in focused ultrasound surgery. Results show that, without phase correction, the focused beam can be severely distorted while using a frequency above 1 MHz or delivering ring‐shape focal patterns. Different focal positions at the same depth may require a different power to induce the same ultrasonic intensity level (up to 179% among the different focal patterns). After adding a phase correction procedure, the distorted focal beams can be restored, and the peak intensity can be largely recovered (up to 85% among the different focal patterns). This study may offer important implications and information for treatment planning toward optimizing focused ultrasound surgery in uterine fibroid or other abdominal tumor treatments.
A semi-automated immunofluorescent microscopy system for enumeration of immunoglobulin producing cells (2002)

A computer-based video microscopy (semi-automated) system (SAS) has been developed for use in characterizing immune responses in mice. The system employs a fluorescent microscope, intensified CCD camera system, autoscanning stage, PC and other PC-based hardware and software for image capture, analysis and processing. In addition, customized algorithms were developed for the sorting and selection of true image information from artifacts, and quantitation. A specially developed immunofluorescent assay is used to label or tag antibodies (immunoglobulins) secreted by murine immune (B) cells with a fluorescent marker. The enumeration (counting) of the number of these fluorescent immune cell footprints or spot forming cells (SFCs) is used by immunologists to evaluate the effectiveness of immune responses and vaccines in providing immunity. Current studies involve comparing the conventional method of SFC eye counts from experienced research personnel with counts generated by the SAS. Results from preliminary studies have indicated that the SAS can perform at least as well as trained research personnel in enumerating the number of immunoglobulin SFCs. Full implementation of such an automated system may be invaluable to researchers in immunology in terms of the time and tedium saved for sample analysis and SFC enumeration.
Synthesis of 1-aza-2-silacyclopentane compounds (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 1-aza-2-silacyclopentane compoundsTsu-Tzu Tsai and C. J. Marshall Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 4, 596–600Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00969a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00969a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In vitro evolution of thermostable p53 variants (1999)

The tumor suppressor p53 is conformationally unstable at physiological temperature. Even the activated p53delta30 variant, which lacks the self-inhibiting carboxy terminal domain, has a half-life of only 8 min at 37 degrees C in vitro. We have developed a genetic approach to identify p53 variants that stabilize the active conformation. The human p53delta30 gene was randomly mutated, and the resulting library was expressed in Escherichia coli under conditions that apparently denatured the parental protein. Stable p53 variants were identified based on their ability to specifically bind a p53 consensus site. The initial thermostable variants were randomly recombined by DNA shuffling, and substitutions that were functionally additive or synergistic were identified in a second more stringent round of screening. The DNA binding activity of N239Y/N268D/E336V p53delta30 variant has a half-life of 100 min at 37 degrees C, 12 times longer than that of the parental protein. The thermostable variants should be more amenable to crystallographic studies and more effective in gene therapies than the wild-type protein.
A form of muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World (1978)

Four Ethiopian patients with leshmaniasis affecting the nose or the mouth are described. Leishmaniasis affecting these sites is relatively common in Ethiopia; this resembles South American leishmaniasis but probably results from direct extension from skin lesions rather than from metastatic spread of organisms.
On tree-based routing in multi-gateway association based Wireless Mesh Networks (2009)

There is an increasing acceptance for Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) as the potential `last-mile' access technology running media-rich applications with stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements. As WMNs are envisioned to provide high bandwidth broadband services to a large community of users, the Internet Gateway which acts as a central point of attachment for the mesh routers is likely to be a potential bottleneck because of its limited wireless link capacity. We propose TBMGA (Tree-Based with Multi-gateway Association), a novel routing protocol that elegantly balances the load among the different Internet gateways in a WMN. With TBMGA, we combine the flexibility of layer-2 routing with the self-configuring and self-healing capabilities of MANET routing. TBMGA switches the point of attachment of an active source-serviced gateway depending on a global metric estimated based on the average queue length and expected availability at the Internet gateway. The protocol is evaluated using simulations and we observe that the proposed scheme is able to efficiently balance the traffic between multiple gateways.
The Estimation of Circadian Rhythm Using Smart Wear (2020)

In this study, we have developed a new practical system for estimating circadian rhythm by using smart wear that can measure electrocardiogram (ECG) during sleep. This system can estimate the time and heart rate (HR) value to reach the lowest point in circadian rhythm. We show the system in detail. And for further application, we conducted the experiment for showing the effects of jet lag on the circadian rhythm by using the developed system. The results showed that the time of the lowest HR shifted earlier and the lowest HR was higher in case of traveling in a westward direction.
The effects of increased energy and protein intakes and highly active antiretroviral therapy on growth and body composition of HIV+ Romanian children. (2000)

Diet quality, growth and body composition were assessed over one year in 15 HIV+, prepubescent Romanian children. Those with highly active antiretroviral therapy (+HAART; n=5) vs medication naïve (-HAART; n=10) at Time 0 revealed a greater energy (E) intake in +HAART (p=0.01); both groups exceeded FAO recommended intakes for E and protein (PRO). No difference in age-adjusted weight (WT), height (HT), body mass index (BMI), arm fat (MAFA) or arm muscle was evident at baseline. Changes in z-scores of anthropometrics from 0 to 6 months, were greater in +HAART for WT (p=0.02), HT(p= 0.03), BMI (p=0.06), and MAFA (p &lt;0.001); changes were not different from 6 to 12 months. We conclude that intakes exceeding recommendations for E and PRO are adequate to maintain growth in HIV-infected Romanian children; and HAART is associated with a greater caloric intake although this difference is not maintained over time.
GENDER DIFFERENCES OF LIPID PROFILE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (2012)

Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of CHD in women to a greater extent than in men. The stronger effect of type 2 diabetes on the risk of CHD in women compared with men was in part explained by atherogenic dyslipidemia in diabetic women. Aims:- To evaluate the effect of gender on fasting lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients and also to study the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in our population. Settings and Design:- Tertiary care hospitals, Prospective cross sectional study Methods and Material:- Type 2 diabetic patients who were attending outpatient department were included in the study. Patient population included both males and females above the age of 18 years. Patients with recently done fasting lipid profile reports were included in the study. Demographic characteristics collected include age, gender, body weight, height and duration of diabetes. Information regarding antidiabetic medication and lipid lowering agents were also recorded. Laboratory parameters collected include fasting total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and glycosylated haemoglobin and serum creatinine. Statistical analysis used:- Independent student‘t’ test was used to compare quantitative data in groups and chi square test was used to compare the categorical data. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between quantitative data. Results:- A total of 348 patients were included in the study. Among them 190 were males (54.6%) and 158 were females (45.4%). There were statistically significant gender differences in the mean cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. Chi square analysis for gender-wise distribution of dyslipidaemia showed statistical significance for hypercholesterolemia and elevated HDL cholesterol. Number of patients with hypertriglyceredemia and elevated LDL cholesterol was also more in females, but the difference was statistically not significant. There was significant positive correlation of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides with glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting blood glucose. Conclusions:- Most of the lipid abnormalities are higher in diabetic females. Females at the age group of 40-60 years are at increased risk of dyslipidaemia. LDL cholesterol level above target in combination with an HDL cholesterol level below target level are the most prevalent dyslipidaemia encountered where as hypertriglyceridemia is infrequent.
A SECOND GENERATION DICHOTOMOUS SAMPLER FOR LARGE-SCALE MONITORING OF AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER (1979)

The differences which exist between fine 2.5 vm) and coarse (>2.5 vm) airborne particles with respect to their origin, chemical properties and environmental impact.call for their separate collection and analysis, An automated dichotomous sampler (ADS).equipped with a high efficiency single-stage virtual impactor and a microprocessor based controller to self-correct fault conditions including filter overload, has been developed as a model for commercial production.
Słownik kultury antycznej (2012)

Prezentowane dzieło pełni rolę klucza do zrozumienia wielu wydarzeń i pojęć świata starożytnego. Czytelnik znajdzie tu najczęściej spotykane nazwiska, fakty i terminy z dziedziny historii, geografii, literatury, filozofii, religii, archeologii, sztuki