gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loco-regional administration of nanomedicines for the treatment of lung cancer (2015)

Lung cancer poses one of the most significant challenges to modern medicine, killing thousands every year. Current therapy involves surgical resection supplemented with chemotherapy and radiotherapy due to high rates of relapse. Shortcomings of currently available chemotherapy protocols include unacceptably high levels of systemic toxicity and low accumulation of drug at the tumor site. Loco-regional delivery of nanocarriers loaded with anticancer agents has the potential to significantly increase efficacy, while minimizing systemic toxicity to anticancer agents. Local drug administration at the tumor site using nanoparticulate drug delivery systems can reduce systemic toxicities observed with intravenously administered anticancer drugs. In addition, this approach presents an opportunity for sustained delivery of anticancer drug over an extended period of time. Herein, the progress in the development of locally administered nanomedicines for the treatment of lung cancer is reviewed. Administration by inhalation, intratumoral injection and means of direct in situ application are discussed, the benefits and drawbacks of each modality are explored.
A kinase-deficient transcription factor TFIIH is functional in basal and activated transcription. (1995)

Phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II has been suggested to be critical for transcription initiation, activation, or elongation. A kinase activity specific for CTD is a component of the general transcription factor TFIIH. Recently, a cyclin-dependent kinase-activator kinase (MO15 and cyclin H) was found to be associated with TFIIH preparations and was suggested to be the CTD kinase. TFIIH preparations containing mutant, kinase-deficient MO15 lack CTD kinase activity, indicating that MO15 is critical for polymerase phosphorylation. Nonetheless, these mutant TFIIH preparations were fully functional (in vitro) in both basal and activated transcription. These results indicate that CTD phosphorylation is not required for transcription with a highly purified system.
Manganese activates NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and propagates exosomal release of ASC in microglial cells (2019)

Chronic, sustained inflammation underlies many pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. Divalent manganese (Mn<sup>2+</sup>) exposure can stimulate neurotoxicity by increasing inflammation. In this study, we examined whether Mn<sup>2+</sup> activates the multiprotein NLRP3 inflammasome complex to promote neuroinflammation. Exposing activated mouse microglial cells to Mn<sup>2+</sup> substantially augmented NLRP3 abundance, caspase-1 cleavage, and maturation of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Exposure of mice to Mn<sup>2+</sup> had similar effects in brain microglial cells. Furthermore, Mn<sup>2+</sup> impaired mitochondrial ATP generation, basal respiratory rate, and spare capacity in microglial cells. These data suggest that Mn-induced mitochondrial defects drove the inflammasome signal amplification. We found that Mn induced cell-to-cell transfer of the inflammasome adaptor protein ASC in exosomes. Furthermore, primed microglial cells exposed to exosomes from Mn-treated mice released more IL-1β than did cells exposed to exosomes from control-treated animals. We also observed that welders exposed to manganese-containing fumes had plasma exosomes that contained more ASC than did those from a matched control group. Together, these results suggest that the divalent metal manganese acts as a key amplifier of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and exosomal ASC release.
The Nitration of 8-Methylquinoxalines in Mixed Acid (2003)

8-Methylquinoxalines are nitrated surprisingly efficiently at C-5 following a simple nitration protocol with mixed acid at 40−50 °C. The implications of halogen functionalisation at C-6 and modification of the mixed acid conditions on the relative rates of conversion and process safety are discussed. Competing side reactions for 6-halo-8-methylquinoxalines involve hydrolysis at C-6 and halogenation at C-7 or C-5.
ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN THE CHEMORECEPTORS OF THE BLOWFLY (1958)

The electrical responses of the neurons associated with the various types of chemosensory hairs of the blowfly, Phormia regina Meigen, following stimulation by chemical and mechanical means have been studied. The singly innervated chemosensory hairs on the ovipositor, maxillary palpi, and antennae respond vigorously to chemical stimulation, but not to mechanical stimulation. The triply innervated chemosensory hairs on the labellum, tarsus, and wing have two neurons which respond only to chemical stimuli. The third neuron responds only to mechanical stimulation. The differential responses of the two chemosensory neurons to various chemical stimuli following the removal of the tip of the hair suggest that the structures responsible for chemoreception are located throughout the distal processes of these neurons. The response of the third neuron to mechanical stimulation is similar to the response recorded from the neuron associated with one type of tactile hair which responds to motion and not to steady deformation. Recordings have been made from the neurons associated with purely tactile hairs using the cut hair as an extension of the micropipette. The mechanosensory neuron of the wing chemosensory hair is capable of responding at the rate of at least 600 impulses per sec. and may serve to indicate changes in air flow over the wing surfaces during flight to enable the fly to correct the wing camber and attack angle.
The Rapid Methylation of T-DNAs Upon Agrobacterium Inoculation in Plant Leaves (2019)

<i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> has been foundational in the development of transgenic plants for both agricultural biotechnology and plant molecular research. However, the transformation efficiency and level of transgene expression obtained for any given construct can be highly variable. These inefficiencies often require screening of many lines to find one with consistent and heritable transgene expression. Transcriptional gene silencing is known to affect transgene expression, and is associated with DNA methylation, especially of cytosines in symmetric CG and CHG contexts. While the specificity, heritability and silencing-associated effects of DNA methylation of transgene sequences have been analyzed in many stably transformed plants, the methylation status of transgene sequences in the T-DNA during the transformation process has not been well-studied. Here we used agro-infiltration of the eGFP reporter gene in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> leaves driven by either an AtEF1α-A4 or a CaMV-35S promoter to study early T-DNA methylation patterns of these promoter sequences. The T-DNA was examined by amplicon sequencing following sodium bisulfite treatment using three different sequencing platforms: Sanger sequencing, Ion Torrent PGM, and the Illumina MiSeq. Rapid DNA methylation was detectable in each promoter region just 2-3 days post-infiltration and the levels continued to rapidly accumulate over the first week, then steadily up to 21 days later. Cytosines in an asymmetric context (CHH) were the most heavily and rapidly methylated. This suggests that early T-DNA methylation may be important in determining the epigenetic and transcriptional fate of integrated transgenes. The Illumina MiSeq platform was the most sensitive and robust way of detecting and following the methylation profiles of the T-DNA promoters. The utility of the methods was then used to show a subtle but significant difference in promoter methylation during intron-mediated enhancement. In addition, the method was able to detect an increase in promoter methylation when the eGFP reporter gene was targeted by siRNAs generated by co-infiltration of a hairpin RNAi construct.
Laser-induced fluorescence detection of malignant gliomas using fluorescein-labeled serum albumin: Experimental and preliminary clinical results (2000)

To delineate the tumor margins of malignant gliomas laser-induced fluorescence detection technique was applied using 5-aminofluorescein-albumin as the fluorescent dye. The 5-aminofluorescein was linked to serum albumin (= AFlc-SA) as a cumulative protein label using residualizing markers. In a C6-glioma model the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the injected dye were investigated by labeling the protein conjugate with 111In-DTPA. Twenty-four hours after intravenous injection of the dye, fluorescence was activated by an argon laser and inspected in the C6-gliomas. Histological examinations were performed to compare the microscopic margins of the fluorescence-stained tumors with hematoxylin/eosin. The tumor uptake 24 h after dye injection was 23-fold higher than in the surrounding brain. Fluorescence inspection under laser activation demonstrated clearly stained and sharply demarcated tumors. The microscopic borders of the tumors corresponded exactly with the fluorescence, also demonstrating intracellular tumor uptake of the dye. In a preliminary study, three patients with malignant gliomas were operated using laser-induced fluorescence detection technique after injection of AFlc-SA. In all patients, the borders of the malignant gliomas were clearly stained by AFlc-SA during surgery. Laser-induced fluorescence imaging using the albumin conjugate AFlc-SA may be a promising method for delineating tumor margins which are hard to detect under the operating microscope alone.
Open‐path, near‐infrared tunable diode laser spectrometer for atmospheric measurements of H2O (1998)

A new instrument for in situ measurements of atmospheric water vapor from aircraft platforms has been developed based upon near‐infrared turnable diode laser sources operating near 1.37 μm. The spectrometer features a unique open‐path, multipass (Herriott) cell for true in situ monitoring of water vapor concentrations with precision levels exceeding those of existing Lyman α and frost point hygrometers. External sampling outside of the aircraft boundary layer minimizes ambiguities in the measured water vapor abundances. Variable spectrum acquisition rates up to 10 Hz provide fast temporal resolution free from sampling or flow rate limitations. In its current configuration the instrument operates from the right wing pod of the NASA ER‐2 research aircraft and is optimized for measurements in the upper troposphere and stratosphere (to 20 km). Measurement precision is ±0.05 ppmv in the stratosphere for a 2‐s measurement integration period. The flight‐ready instrument weight is 8.2 kg, and power consumption, exclusive of structural heaters, is 7.5 W.
Tomographic Urban Imaging using TerraSAR-X High Resolution Spotlight Data Stacks (2013)

conventional spaceborne or airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) maps the three-dimensional (3-D) reflectivity distribution of a scene to be imaged into the 2-D azimuth-range (x-r) plane. This can be seen as a projection along the third radar coordinate, elevation (s). x, r, and s form an orthogonal coordinate system specific to the particular SAR imaging geometry. This projection particularly handicaps the interpretation of SAR images of (i) volumetric scatterers and (ii) of urban areas and man-made objects, i.e. objects with constructive elements oriented at steeper angles than the local incidence angle. &#13;\n
Formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules from aromatic compounds (2018)

Abstract. Anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs) often dominate the urban atmosphere and consist to a large degree of aromatic hydrocarbons (ArHCs), such as benzene, toluene, xylenes, and trimethylbenzenes, e.g., from the handling and combustion of fuels. These compounds are important precursors for the formation of secondary organic aerosol. Here we show that the oxidation of aromatics with OH leads to a subsequent autoxidation chain reaction forming highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) with an O : C ratio of up to 1.09. This is exemplified for five single-ring ArHCs (benzene, toluene, o-/m-/p-xylene, mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) and ethylbenzene), as well as two conjugated polycyclic ArHCs (naphthalene and biphenyl). We report the elemental composition of the HOMs and show the differences in the oxidation patterns of these ArHCs. A potential pathway for the formation of these HOMs from aromatics is presented and discussed. We hypothesize that AVOCs may contribute substantially to new particle formation events that have been detected in urban areas.
Mode-selective excitation and detection of ultrasonic guided waves for delamination detection in laminated aluminum plates (2011)

Selective modes of guided Lamb waves are generated in a laminated aluminum plate for damage detection using a broadband piezoelectric transducer structured with a rigid electrode. Appropriate excitation frequencies and modes for inspection are selected from theoretical and experimental dispersion curves. Dispersion curves are obtained experimentally by short time Fourier transform of the transient signals. Sensitivity of antisymmetric and symmetric modes for delamination detection are investigated. The antisymmetric mode is found to be more reliable for delamination detection. Unlike other studies, in which the attenuation of the propagating waves is related to the extent of the internal damage, in this investigation, the changes in the time-of-flight (TOF) of guided Lamb waves are related to the damage progression. The mode conversion phenomenon of Lamb waves during progressive delamination is investigated. Close matching between the theoretical and experimentally derived dispersion curves and TOF assures the reliability of the results presented here.
Molecular and cellular changes in vein grafts (1998)

Adaptation of saphenous vein, with its intrinsic myogenic tone, from the low-pressure, minimally pulsatile flow of the venous system to the pulsatile flow of the arterial circulation is a minor miracle. Changes in gene expression caused by the pulsatile circumferential deformation (cyclic strain) initiate changes in gene expression, which lead to both vein graft adaptation and pathology. Removal of circumferential deformation by external stenting attenuates the early changes in gene expression and the later development of intimal hyperplasia. Pathways for the transduction of cyclic strain into cellular events have been elucidated in cultured vascular cells. The important second messengers include calcium and reactive oxygen species.
Accessions of Citrullus lanatus var. citroides Are Valuable Rootstocks for Grafted Watermelon in Fields Infested with Root-knot Nematodes (2015)

Root-knot nematode-resistant rootstock lines (designated RKVL for Root-Knot Vegetable Laboratory) derived from wild watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus var. citroides ) were compared with wild tinda ( Praecitrullus fistulosus ) lines and commercial cucurbit rootstock cultivars for grafting of seedless triploid watermelon ‘Tri-X 313’ ( C. lanatus var. lanatus ) in a field infested with the southern root-knot nematode (RKN) ( Meloidogyne incognita ) in Charleston, SC, during 2009 and 2010. In both years, RKN infection was severe in ‘Emphasis’ bottle gourd, ‘Strong Tosa’ hybrid squash, and wild tinda rootstocks with galling of the root system ranging from 86% to 100%. In 2009, the RKVL wild watermelon rootstocks exhibited lower ( P &lt; 0.05) percentages of root galling (range 9% to 16%) than non-grafted ‘Tri-X 313’ (41%), ‘Emphasis’, ‘Strong Tosa’, and the wild tinda rootstocks. The grafted wild watermelon rootstock RKVL 318 produced more ( P ≤ 0.05) fruit (12 per plot) than all other entries (mean = five per plot), and it produced a heavier ( P ≤ 0.05) fruit yield (29.5 kg per plot) than all entries except self-grafted ‘Tri-X 313’ (21.5 kg per plot). In 2010, soil in half of the plots was treated with methyl bromide (50%):chloropicrin (50%) (392 kg·ha –1 ) before planting. The RKVL wild watermelon rootstocks exhibited resistance to RKN with percentages of root system galled ranging from 11% for RKVL 316 to 56% for RKVL 301 in the untreated control plots. Fruit yields in the untreated plots were 21.9, 25.6, and 19.9 kg/plot for RKVL 301, RKVL 316, and RKVL 318, respectively. Yields were greater ( P ≤ 0.05) for the three RKVL rootstocks than for ‘Strong Tosa’ (3.0 kg) and ‘Ojakkyo’ wild watermelon rootstock (2.8 kg) in the untreated plots. Yields of watermelon grafted on ‘Strong Tosa’ were nearly seven times greater ( P ≤ 0.05) in the methyl bromide-treated plots than in the untreated plots. In contrast, yields of RKVL 316 and RKVL 318 were similar in both treatments and the yield of RKVL 301 was less ( P ≤ 0.05) in the methyl bromide-treated plots than in the untreated plots. The three RKVL wild watermelon rootstock lines exhibited resistance to RKN. RKVL 316 had low root galling and produced the heaviest fruit yield and greatest numbers of fruit of any rootstock evaluated in 2010. The RKVL lines should be useful sources of RKN resistance for rootstocks for grafted watermelon.
Automatically Discriminating between Digital and Scanned Photographs (2011)

True digital photos and the digital images of scanned photographs have very different properties. The illumination pattern and palette of the two kinds of images are different. Being able to distinguish between them is important, as each of these should be handled during printing with a class-specific pipeline of image transformation algorithms, and misclassification results in detrimental imaging effects. This paper presents an automatic classifier to discriminate between the two sources. The classifier proposed is fast enough to be embedded in the driver of any printing device today.
REDUCING OPIATE USE: THE TOURNIQUETLESS TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY (2019)

Introduction Tourniquet use in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial and few reports exist using contemporary pain protocols and tranexamic acid (TXA). This study aimed to examine whe...
Preparation and characterization of Pt/Pt:CeO2−xnanorod catalysts for short chain alcohol electrooxidation in alkaline media (2014)

Multi-functional anode catalysts composed of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles electrodeposited on 2 wt% Pt decorated ceria (Pt:CeO<sub>2−x</sub>) nanorod supports were shown to enhance the alkaline electrocatalytic oxidation of short chain alcohols.
Energía Sostenible en Colombia : retos y beneficios de implementación (2020)

Han transcurrido dos años desde que se realizó la primera versión del Congreso de Energía Sostenible, y ello ha permitido la evolución de este evento que pretende ser el “evento energético más importante del país”. En esta segunda versión se ha realizado nuevamente un trabajo intenso para alcanzar diversos sectores del país y del exterior, por lo cual se ha consolidado bajo el nombre de II Congreso Internacional de Energía Sostenible, como intento por demostrar que es posible encontrar intereses comunes a distintos profesionales y estudiantes alrededor del tema energético. Este congreso promueve la utilización de diversas formas energéticas. No se afirma la superioridad de ninguna de las posibles fuentes de energía, ya que todas son valoradas por igual y pueden contribuir con soluciones particulares en distintos escenarios. En esta vía el congreso pretende ser una valiosa oportunidad para formar conciencia sobre la importancia de incrementar el acceso sostenible a la energía, el aprovechamiento de nuevos recursos naturales, la eficiencia energética y la energía renovable en el ámbito local, nacional, regional e internacional, ya que los servicios energéticos tienen un profundo efecto en la productividad, la salud, la educación, el cambio climático, la seguridad alimentaria e hídrica y los servicios de comunicación. La falta de acceso a la energía no contaminante, asequible y fiable, obstaculiza el desarrollo social y económico, y constituye un freno importante para el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio.
In-vivo administration of CLC-K kidney chloride channels inhibitors increases water diuresis in rats (2011)

CLC-K blockers may represent a new class of drugs for the treatment of conditions associated with expanded extracellular volume, with a hopeful high therapeutic potential for hypertensive patients carrying ClC-K gain-of-function polymorphisms.
Collaborative crawling (2002)

The rapid growth of the world wide web had made the problem of topic specific resource discovery an important one in recent years. In this problem, it is desired to find web pages which satisfy a predicate specified by the user. Such a predicate could be a keyword query, a topical query, or some arbitrary contraint. Several techniques such as focussed crawling and intelligent crawling have recently been proposed for topic specific resource discovery. All these crawlers are linkage based, since they use the hyperlink behavior in order to perform resource discovery. Recent studies have shown that the topical correlations in hyperlinks are quite noisy and may not always show the consistency necessary for a reliable resource discovery process. In this paper, we will approach the problem of resource discovery from an entirely different perspective; we will mine the significant browsing patterns of world wide web users in order to model the likelihood of web pages belonging to a specified predicate. This user behavior can be mined from the freely available traces of large public domain proxies on the world wide web. We refer to this technique as collaborative crawling because it mines the collective user experiences in order to find topical resources. Such a strategy is extremely effective because the topical consistency in world wide web browsing patterns turns out to very reliable. In addition, the user-centered crawling system can be combined with linkage based systems to create an overall system which works more effectively than a system based purely on either user behavior or hyperlinks.
New construction of LDPC convolutional codes (2008)

In this paper, we propose a new construction of (3, t)-regular low-density parity-check convolutional codes by properly including binomial entries in the parity-check matrices. Both of the upper and lower bounds on free distance are derived for the new codes. Compared with previous constructions, our design can not only avoid codes of girth less than 8 but also provide enlarged free distances for some code rates. Simulation results show that the codes based on the new construction can achieve better bit-error-rate performance and lower error floor.
Characterization of a Semicrystalline Polyimidesulfone Powder (1988)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A semi-crystalline polyimidesulfone (PISO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) material has been synthesized and characterized. Characterization methods include the thermal analysis of DSC, the measurements of inherent viscosities, the wide angle X-ray diffractions, and the viscoelasticities. The melt flow properties of both amorphous and semi-crystalline samples were also investigated by means of a parallel plate plastometer. This material was found to be not readily recrystallizable at temperatures above its initial peak melting point of 225°C, when compared to other crystalline thermoplastics. This semi-crystalline PISO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; demonstrated a flow about 5 times greater than the amorphous one as characterized by the plastometer. Such enhanced melt flow properties could be of great benefit in the adhesive and composite lamination processes.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;div class="graphic-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img class="article-figure figure" src="880112_fig0001.jpg" alt="No Caption Available"/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;