gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stochastic simulations of fault networks in 3D structural modeling (2010)

3D structural modeling is a major instrument in geosciences, e.g. for the assessment of groundwater and energy resources or nuclear waste underground storage. Fault network modeling is a particularly crucial step during this task, for faults compartmentalize rock units and plays a key role in subsurface flow, whether faults are sealing barriers or drains. Whereas most structural uncertainty modeling techniques only allow for geometrical changes and keep the topology fixed, we propose a new method for creating realistic stochastic fault networks with different topologies. The idea is to combine an implicit representation of geological surfaces which provides new perspectives for handling topological changes with a stochastic binary tree to represent the spatial regions. Each node of the tree is a fault, separating the space in two fault blocks. Changes in this binary tree modify the fault relations and therefore the topology of the model.
Spurious Turn-On inside a Power Module of Paralleled SiC MOSFETs (2016)

Abstract Silicon carbide (SiC) dice are often paralleled to realize power modules with high-current rating. Owing to the large network of interconnect (parasitic) impedances, terminal waveforms could appear benign while the dice experience detrimental fault currents generated by spurious cross-turn-on. This paper will quantify the non-uniform distribution of current stress and switching energy among the dice, as well as the penalty caused by cross-turn-on, versus layout symmetry, number of dice, gate resistance, input voltage, and load current. Cross-turn-on currents inside a module increase the high-side switching energy and total switching energy by 44% and 20%, respectively, at 800 V / 300 A. Peak cross-turn-on current of the symmetrical module is only 16% of that of asymmetrical module at nominal condition. Symmetrical layout greatly decreases the cross-turn-on currents without increasing the total switching energy. Four modules are constructed based on the asymmetrical layout to explore how number of dice influences cross-turn-on and switching energy. Peak cross-turn-on current and switching energy of the six-die module are 134% and 36% higher than those of the one-die module, respectively. Severity of cross-turn-on soars as number of dice increases.
High‐Performance Lithium–Air Battery with a Coaxial‐Fiber Architecture (2016)

The lithium-air battery has been proposed as the next-generation energy-storage device with a much higher energy density compared with the conventional lithium-ion battery. However, lithium-air batteries currently suffer enormous problems including parasitic reactions, low recyclability in air, degradation, and leakage of liquid electrolyte. Besides, they are designed into a rigid bulk structure that cannot meet the flexible requirement in the modern electronics. Herein, for the first time, a new family of fiber-shaped lithium-air batteries with high electrochemical performances and flexibility has been developed. The battery exhibited a discharge capacity of 12,470 mAh g(-1) and could stably work for 100 cycles in air; its electrochemical performances were well maintained under bending and after bending. It was also wearable and formed flexible power textiles for various electronic devices.
A dynamic multi-link MIMO measurement system for 5.3 GHz (2008)

Multi-link MIMO systems, including multi-user MIMO and MIMO with base station cooperation, are essential parts of high-throughput wireless LANs and fourth-generation cellular systems. In order to fully understand such systems, the dynamic channel characteristics of multi-link MIMO channels have to be measured. In this paper we present a measurement setup that enables such measurements and does not suffer from the deficiencies of previous, “virtual multi-user ” setups. We also present sample results from a measurement campaign with this setup at 5.3 GHz in an indoor office environment. 1
Role of Dopants in Organic and Halide Perovskite Energy Conversion Devices (2021)

Doping serves as a vital strategy for tuning electronic and optoelectronic properties of semiconductors. Compared to organic semiconductors, the understanding and optimization of the doping process in halide perovskite semiconductors is still in its infancy. Nonetheless, there is a continuous surge in doping these semiconductors for performance enhancement. This perspective discusses the central role of dopants in organic and halide perovskite-based semiconductors used for energy conversion devices, particularly solar cells and thermoelectrics. We summarize various p- and n-type dopants explored for modifying the active layer in organic and perovskite devices, highlighting their challenges and limitations. Understanding doping-induced changes in electronic properties and their ramifications on device performance is essential for improving the device performance.
Design, Modeling, and Evaluation of a Multiband MIMO/Diversity Antenna System for Small Wireless Mobile Terminals (2010)

A new multiband diversity antenna is presented, which is suitable for multiband diversity and multiple-input multiple-output antenna systems for small wireless mobile terminals. The antenna consists of two branches of folded monopoles, at least one of which is terminated with a rectangular patch. By slightly tuning the width of the patch, the antenna can simultaneously achieve a flexible frequency ratio and a desired bandwidth. An example design is presented for most application bands, from 890 MHz through 6 GHz, which operates in a real-world cellular phone environment, including near-field interactions with other phone components and a model of a human head (the SAM phantom). The simulated and experimental results, including S-parameters, radiation patterns, signal correlations and mean effective gain, have validated the proposed antenna design as useful for compact mobile devices.
Dibenzocyclooctane Lignans from the Stems of Kadsura induta and Their Antiviral Effect on Hepatitis B Virus (2007)

Two new dibenzocyclooctane lignans, kadsurindutins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the stems of Kadsura induta, together with the known, structurally related lignans schisantherin L (3), schisantherin P (4), kadsulignan L (5), and neokadsuranin (6). Their structures and configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (UV, ORD, CD, IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR) in combination with mass-spectrometric (HR-MS) techniques. Compounds 1, 5, and 6 showed in vitro antiviral effects on hepatitis B virus.
Analysis-Driven Design of Vascular Antennas Embedded in Multifunctional Composites (2016)

Research on structurally embedded microvascular systems in laminated structures continues to provide new insights into the areas of thermal transport and self-healing. At the same time, the number of studies considering uses of non-toxic liquid metal (LM) alloys for reconfigurable electronics is also increasing. This work benefits from these efforts and proposes a concept for a reconfigurable Structurally Embedded Vascular Antenna (SEVA). A set of fully coupled multi-physical engineering models of the driven antenna consider the electromagnetic, fluid, thermal, and mechanical responses. A full-wave electromagnetic model (frequency domain) is used to assess antenna Radio Frequency (RF) performance and compute dissipative heat generation (dielectric and resistive). The full field heat source data is then passed to a conjugate heat transfer model, which accounts for the thermal coupling between the solid composite and flowing fluid based on the LM pumping pressure. Finally, a representative volume element representing a local region of the highest temperature is used to compute mechanical knockdown ratios relative to a similar panel with no microvascular network. The entire modeling framework is implemented using a combination of COMSOL, Matlab, Abaqus FEA, and Python tools and libraries. It is shown that the increased resistive heating that results from the use of LM can be offset by the action of circulating the liquid metal such that heat is continuously removed from the system. A simulation process management framework is used to automate design of experiment (DOE) and multi-objective optimization studies. Because of the high computational cost associated with performing the multi-physical computational analysis, a surrogate model-based optimization approach is employed to explore the design space associated with this concept and to arrive at SEVA configurations that simultaneously maximize antenna effectiveness and structural strength.
Recent Advances in Nanomaterial‐Assisted Combinational Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy (2020)

Abstract Ultrasound (US)‐triggered sonodynamic therapy (SDT), as a promising noninvasive therapeutic modality, has received ever‐increasing attention in recent years. Its specialized chemical agents, named sonosensitizers, are activated by low‐intensity US to produce lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) for oncotherapy. Compared with phototherapeutic strategies, SDT provides many noteworthy opportunities and benefits, such as deeper penetration depth, absence of phototoxicity, and fewer side effects. Nevertheless, previous studies have also demonstrated its intrinsic limitations. Thanks to the facile engineering nature of nanotechnology, numerous novel nanoplatforms are being applied in this emerging field to tackle these intrinsic barriers and achieve continuous innovations. In particular, the combination of SDT with other treatment strategies has demonstrated a superior efficacy in improving anticancer activity relative to that of monotherapies alone. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the nanomaterial‐assisted combinational sonodynamic cancer therapy applications. Herein, the design principles in achieving synergistic therapeutic effects based on nanomaterial engineering methods are highlighted. The ultimate goals are to stimulate the design of better‐quality combined sonodynamic treatment schemes and provide innovative ideas for the perspectives of SDT in promoting its future transformation to clinical application.
T cells mediate cell non‐autonomous arterial ageing in mice (2021)

Ageing of the arteries is characterized by increased large artery stiffness and impaired endothelium-dependent dilatation. T cells contribute to hypertension in acute rodent models but whether they contribute to chronic age-related arterial dysfunction is unknown. To determine whether T cells directly mediate age-related arterial dysfunction, we examined large elastic artery and resistance artery function in young (4-6 months) and old (22-24 months) wild-type mice treated with anti-CD3 F(ab'2) fragments to deplete T cells (150 μg, i.p. every 7 days for 28 days) or isotype control fragments. Old mice exhibited greater numbers of T cells in both aorta and mesenteric vasculature when compared with young mice. Old mice treated with anti-CD3 fragments exhibited depletion of T cells in blood, spleen, aorta and mesenteric vasculature. Old mice also exhibited greater numbers of aortic and mesenteric IFN-γ and TNF-α-producing T cells when compared with young mice. Old control mice exhibited greater large artery stiffness and impaired resistance artery endothelium-dependent dilatation in comparison with young mice. In old mice, large artery stiffness was ameliorated with anti-CD3 treatment. Anti-CD3-treated old mice also exhibited greater endothelium-dependent dilatation than age-matched controls. We also examined arterial function in young and old Rag-1<sup>-/-</sup> mice, which lack lymphocytes. Rag-1<sup>-/-</sup> mice exhibited blunted increases in large artery stiffness with age compared with wild-type mice. Old Rag-1<sup>-/-</sup> mice also exhibited greater endothelium-dependent dilatation compared with old wild-type mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate that T cells play an important role in age-related arterial dysfunction.
The effects of smear on antiblooming protection and dynamic range of interline CCD image sensors (1992)

The effects of a smearing signal on the dynamic range and the amount of antiblooming protection of an interline CCD image sensor are presented. It is shown that there is a tradeoff between these two parameters, and that they are directly related by the amount of smear. These relationships are analyzed for both constant-integration time and constant-irradiance modes of operation. For the constant-irradiance model of operation it is shown that in order to maintain 90% of the maximum dynamic range and an antiblooming protection of 300*, the smear signal must be less than 0.037%. For the constant integration-time mode of operation, it is shown that in order to maintain 75% of a particular device's maximum dynamic range and the same amount of antiblooming protection the smear signal must be less than 0.0074%. It is also found in this mode that this relationship between antiblooming protection and the amount of linear dynamic range is exponential, and dependent on the antiblooming structure's nonideality factor and the individual photodetector's capacitance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Uniaxial negative thermal expansion induced by moiety twisting in an organic crystal (2018)

Anomalous thermal expansion of a new diyn-diol molecule was studied by means of variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Analysis of the unit cell axes as a function of temperature shows that the material experiences uniaxial negative thermal expansion. Packing analysis of the crystal structures reveals twisting of the cyclopentyl moiety relative to the diyne spine with increasing temperature.
Development of an HIV-1 Microbicide Based on Caulobacter crescentus: Blocking Infection by High-Density Display of Virus Entry Inhibitors (2013)

The HIV/AIDS pandemic remains an enormous global health concern. Despite effective prevention options, 2.6 million new infections occur annually, with women in developing countries accounting for more than half of these infections. New prevention strategies that can be used by women are urgently needed. Topical microbicides specific for HIV-1 represent a promising prevention strategy. Conceptually, using harmless bacteria to display peptides or proteins capable of blocking entry provides an inexpensive approach to microbicide development. To avoid the potential pitfalls of engineering commensal bacteria, our strategy is to genetically display infection inhibitors on a non-native bacterium and rely on topical application of stabilized bacteria before potential virus exposure. Due to the high density cell-surface display capabilities and the inherent low toxicity of the bacterium, the S-layer mediated protein display capabilities of the non-pathogenic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus has been exploited for this approach. We have demonstrated that C. crescentus displaying MIP1α or CD4 interfered with the virus entry pathway and provided significant protection from HIV-1 pseudovirus representing clade B in a standard single cycle infection assay. Here we have expanded our C. crescentus based microbicide approach with additional and diverse classes of natural and synthetic inhibitors of the HIV-1 entry pathway. All display constructs provided variable but significant protection from HIV-1 infection; some with protection as high as 70%. Further, we describe protection from infection with additional viral clades. These findings indicate the significant potential for engineering C. crescentus to be an effective and readily adaptable HIV-1 microbicide platform.
Ultra-Short Baseline Acoustic Tracking System (1983)

This paper describes an ultra-short baseline Sonar Tracking System that tracks cooperative point-source targets at ranges of up to 10,000 yards. The system operates in two basic modes: (1) Surface ship tracking a target (2) Surface ship tracking a fish which, in turn, tracks the target. The second mode of operation is used whenever the first mode cannot operate because of acoustic conditions, as in long-range tracking of near-surface targets. The ultra-short baseline sonar tracking system requires that the platform to which the sonar transducer is mounted, be stabilized (i.e., any motion of the sonar transducer must be compensated for). This is accomplished on the surface ship by the use of a gyro. The towed fish platform is stabilized via a novel strapdown inertial navigation system which uses an acoustic reference frame requiring small and relatively inexpensive transducers.
Influence of HDL particles on cell-cholesterol efflux under various pathological conditions (2017)

It has been reported that low cell-cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL is an independent risk factor for CVD. To better understand CEC regulation, we measured ABCA1- and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)-dependent cell-cholesterol efflux, HDL anti-oxidative capacity, HDL particles, lipids, and inflammatory- and oxidative-stress markers in 122 subjects with elevated plasma levels of triglyceride (TG), serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen, myeloperoxidase (MPO), or β-sitosterol and in 146 controls. In controls, there were strong positive correlations between ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux and small preβ-1 concentrations (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.317) and SR-BI-dependent cholesterol efflux and large (α-1 + α-2) HDL particle concentrations (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.774). In high-TG patients, both the concentration and the functionality (preβ-1 concentration-normalized ABCA1 efflux) of preβ-1 particles were significantly elevated compared with controls; however, though the concentration of large particles was significantly decreased, their functionality (large HDL concentration-normalized SR-BI efflux) was significantly elevated. High levels of SAA or MPO were not associated with decreased functionality of either the small (preβ-1) or the large (α-1 + α-2) HDL particles. HDL anti-oxidative capacity was negatively influenced by high plasma β-sitosterol levels, but not by the concentrations of HDL particles, TG, SAA, fibrinogen, or MPO. Our data demonstrate that under certain conditions CEC is influenced not only by quantitative (concentration), but also by qualitative (functional) properties of HDL particles.
Regression Convolutional Neural Network for Automated Pediatric Bone Age Assessment From Hand Radiograph (2018)

Skeletal bone age assessment is a common clinical practice to investigate endocrinology, and genetic and growth disorders of children. However, clinical interpretation and bone age analyses are time-consuming, labor intensive, and often subject to inter-observer variability. This advocates the need of a fully automated method for bone age assessment. We propose a regression convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically assess the pediatric bone age from hand radiograph. Our network is specifically trained to place more attention to those bone age related regions in the X-ray images. Specifically, we first adopt the attention module to process all images and generate the coarse/fine attention maps as inputs for the regression network. Then, the regression CNN follows the supervision of the dynamic attention loss during training; thus, it can estimate the bone age of the hard (or "outlier") images more accurately. The experimental results show that our method achieves an average discrepancy of 5.2-5.3 months between clinical and automatic bone age evaluations on two large datasets. In conclusion, we propose a fully automated deep learning solution to process X-ray images of the hand for bone age assessment, with the accuracy comparable to human experts but with much better efficiency.
ADP-induced inhibition of von Willebrand factor-mediated platelet agglutination (1976)

Human plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) plus the antibiotic ristocetin, or bovine or porcine vWF alone, agglutinates platelets in either normal human ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA)-treated citrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or citrated PRP from patients with the congenital platelet defect thrombasthenia. The prior addition of 1-10 muM ADP, which causes platelet shape change but not aggregation under these conditions, inhibited vWF-mediated agglutination. Inhibition was prevented by 200 muM ATP. Addition of ADP caused prompt reversal of established vWF-mediated agglutination, which resumed when the ADP was enzymatically removed. EDTA-treated, Formalin-fixed, washed normal platelets also underwent vWF-mediated agglutination. ADP was inhibitory only when added before fixation. Epinephrine (40 muM), prostaglandin E1 (7 muM), or serotonin (2 muM) added before fixation caused slight to moderate inhibition but always less than ADP. Platelets from blood chilled before fixation were fully active. Platelets fixed in freshly prepared PRP did not agglutinate as well as those fixed after incubation of PRP, probably because centrifugation exposes the platelets to ADP. It concluded that ADP causes a reversible decrease in the accessibility of the membrane receptor to vWF.
PREDICTION OF AN OPTIMUM TECHNIQUE FOR THE WOMEN'S YURCHENKO LAYOUT VAULT (2001)

The purpose of this study was to identify an optimum technique for the women’s Yurchenko layout vault through an application of optimal control theory on a five-segment model consisting of the hand, whole arm, upper trunk, lower trunk and whole leg. An optimum technique for the vault was determined which, compared to the data, had greater post-flight amplitude and a better layout posture throughout post-flight. However, it involved a larger angular velocity of the segments and greater shoulder extension by about 9o, than the data. The impact phase of the optimum technique was shorter than the data by 0.003 s, and served to increase both the angular momentum of the model as well as the vertical horse takeoff velocity. There is thus, evidence of a ‘blocking technique’ during impact.
Low-Field MR Imaging of the Spine (1995)

Purpose: To evaluate a new steady-state sequence in the delineation of the various structures in the spine at low-field MR imaging with a very high homogeneity of the main field.Methods: 49 patients underwent 53 examinations with both a traditional T1-weighted gradient-echo (PS) sequence and a new completely balanced steady-state 3-D (CBASS3D) sequence; 20 examinations included the cervical spine, 8 the thoracic spine and 25 the lumbar spine. All 106 examinations were reviewed twice regarding visibility of selected structures in the spinal region and diagnostic usefulness.Results: The CBASS3D sequence delineated the medulla, nerve roots, CSF, the intervertebral discs and the posterior longitudinal ligament significantly better than the PS sequence. Disc hernia was also better visualised (p < 0.01). There were significantly more artefacts on images obtained with the CBASS3D sequence, but they were usually outside the region of interest and occurred less frequently over time due to increased experience of t...
Anti-Candida Activity of Essential Oils (2009)

Anti-Candida activity of essential oils has been widely studied and as a consequence they are being investigated as possible alternatives or complementary therapeutic agents for candidosis. We reviewed the most studied essential oils concerning chemical composition and in vitro/in vivo studies under the perspective of their possible clinical use.
Therapeutic Development and use Before and During the Ebola Outbreak (2015)

Biography Larry Zeitlin speaks to Emily Hargrave, Commissioning Editor: Larry received a BA in Biophysics and his doctorate in Reproductive Biology from The Johns Hopkins University. After serving as a Research Scientist at ReProtect, LLC (MD, USA), and a Senior Scientist at Epicyte Pharmaceutical (CA, USA), together with Dr Kevin Whaley, he cofounded Mapp Biopharmaceutical and LeafBio, Inc. CA, USA). He has been an adjunct faculty member of the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University since 2004. Larry's career focus has been on the development of monoclonal antibody-based products to address unmet public health needs.