gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power control and active channel selection in an LPI FH system for HF communications (2002)

To improve the performance of frequency-hopping systems on interference-limited HF channels, so-called adaptive frequency-hopping (AFH), which uses an adaptively selected pool of the "best" hopping-frequencies for communication, has been proposed. We extend the adaptivity of the AFH scheme by adjusting the transmitted power on each channel individually and by adaptively changing the number N/sub a/ of active channels that are selected to the pool. Fewer active channels (up to a certain point) give improved communication performance since the used channels, on the average, are less interfered. However, by decreasing N/sub a/, the protection against hostile detection is decreased. This trade-off between communication and LPI (low probability of intercept) performance with respect to N/sub a/ is shown. Our analysis shows that the codeword error rate is minimized when about 20% of the channels are selected to the active pool, and that the LPI protection against the two tested hostile detectors, as expected, improves for larger N/sub a/. Generally, the hostile detectors require less received signal-to-interference ratio than the legal AFH receiver to obtain acceptable performance. For the parameters we have chosen in our duel simulation, the results indicate that the LPI performance seems to be more sensitive to the choice of active channel pool size than the communication performance.
Direct and Enantioselective Organocatalytic α-Chlorination of Aldehydes (2004)

The first direct enantioselective catalytic alpha-chlorination of aldehydes has been accomplished. The use of enamine catalysis has provided a new organocatalytic strategy for the enantioselective chlorination of aldehydes to generate alpha-chloro aldehydes, an important chiral synthon for chemical and medicinal agent synthesis. The use of imidazolidinone 3 as the asymmetric catalyst has been found to mediate the halogenation of a large variety of aldehyde substrates with the perchlorinated quinone 1 serving as the electrophilic chlorinating reagent. A diverse spectrum of aldehyde substrates can also be accommodated in this new organocatalytic transformation. The capacity of catalyst 3 to override the inherent bias of resident stereogenicity in the chlorination of enantiopure beta-chiral aldehydes is also described. Catalyst quantities of 5 mol % were generally employed in this study.
[Art nouveau: pharmacy shops in Nancy]. (2002)

At the beginning of the 20th century, an important artistic activity develops in Nancy. The "Ecole de Nancy" transforms a provincial city into one of the metropolis of "Art Nouveau". The pharmacists participate at the activity of their town and eight of them choose the new style for their pharmacy. In 1902, Rosfelder is the first to modify his shop, and later, Jacques, Delidon, Mouzin, Godfrin brothers, Monal and Fandre, before, during and after the First World War, have a same step. For the ornament, the artists use plants derived from local medicinal flora. "Art Nouveau", adept of curves, appears to be ideal to symbolize vegetable kingdom. In these pharmacy shops, fine arts join materia medica.
Photodynamic inactivation of multi‐resistant bacteria (PIB) – a new approach to treat superficial infections in the 21st century (2010)

The increasing resistance of bacteria against antibiotics is one of the most important clinical challenges of the 21(st) century. Within the gram-positive bacteria the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium represent the major obstacle to successful therapy. Apart from the development of new antibiotics it requires additional differently constituted approaches, like photodynamic inactivation in order to have further effective treatment options against bacteria available. Certain dyes, termed photosensitizers, are able to store the absorbed energy in long-lived electronic states upon light activation with appropriate wavelengths and thus make these states available for chemical activation of the immediate surroundings. The interaction with molecular oxygen, which leads to different, very reactive and thus cytotoxic oxygen species, is highlighted. In this review the application of the photodynamic inactivation of bacteria will be discussed regarding the possible indications in dermatology, like localized skin and wound infections or the reduction of nosocomial colonization with multi-resistant bacteria on the skin. The crucial advantage of the local application of photosensitizers followed by irradiation of the area of interest is the fact that independent of the resistance pattern of a bacterium a direct inactivation takes place similarly as with an antiseptic. In this review the physical-chemical and biological basics of photo-dynamic inactivation of bacteria (PIB) will be discussed as well as the possible dermatological indications.
Radiochemical tracers as a mix diagnostic for the ignition double-shell capsule (2008)

One of the most important challenges confronting laser-driven capsule implosion experiments will be a quantitative evaluation of the implosion dynamics. Since these experiments will encounter extreme conditions of pressure and temperature, establishing robust, sensitive diagnostics will be difficult. Radiochemical signatures provide insight into material mixing and laser drive asymmetry and complement x-ray and other nuclear diagnostics, since the relevant nuclear reactions sample core implosion conditions directly. Simulations of an ignition double shell target indicate that several experimentally accessible isomeric ratios will be suitable monitors of mix.
Three dimensional three component whole heart cardiovascular magnetic resonance velocity mapping: comparison of flow measurements from 3D and 2D acquisitions (2009)

Flow measurements derived from the 3D and 2D acquisitions were comparable. Although time consuming, comprehensive 3D velocity acquisition could be relatively operator independent, and could potentially yield information on flow through several retrospectively chosen planes, for example in patients with congenital or valvular heart disease.
Wide-color-gamut and high-brightness WUXGA LCD monitor with color calibrator (2005)

Authors have developed a wide color gamut and high brightness WUXGA LCD monitor with color calibrator. This monitor uses three color LED, including red, green and blue, as the light source for the backlighting. This framework involves a problem that the chromaticity points of white color (white balance) shifts over time due to the changes in the wavelength of emitted beams and emission luminance (efficiency) of the LEDs, which work as the light source, depending on the temperature&#65294; It also has a tendency to deteriorate in color non-uniformity performance to some extent because of the variation of luminance of individual LED elements and other factors compared to the backlighting of light source of conventional Cold Cathode Fluorescent light (CCFL). Authors have develop a color calibrator that has: 1) a feedback control circuit via optical sensors in which backlighting is incorporated, 2) a color non-uniformity control through modulation of image signals, and 3) a gamma-correction function, in order to solve this problem and to enable introduction of this device into applications that require strict color control. This research was organized in part by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan (NEDO).
Analysis of stereo depth for 3D LED autostereoscopic displays based on the physical limitation (2017)

Stereo depth is the most important factor for the 3D experience when viewing an autostereoscopic display. In this paper, we investigate the influence of viewing distance and viewing angle on stereo depth. First, we build the ideal stereo depth model based on the physiological limitation. Second, we establish a wave aberration model based on diffraction theory. The simulation and experimental results agree with the theoretical analyses. The model is of significant importance for giving a guidance on display system designing.
Digital Video Bandwidth Requirements for Large Flat-panel Televisions (2010)

Consumer expectations for high quality high-definition programming will place greater demand on access networks as flat-panel display sizes increase. Herein, we investigate the bandwidth requirement to deliver high quality HD viewing experience for larger displays.
Leveraging Joint Interactions for Credibility Analysis in News Communities (2015)

Media seems to have become more partisan, often providing a biased coverage of news catering to the interest of specific groups. It is therefore essential to identify credible information content that provides an objective narrative of an event. News communities such as digg, reddit, or newstrust offer recommendations, reviews, quality ratings, and further insights on journalistic works. However, there is a complex interaction between different factors in such online communities: fairness and style of reporting, language clarity and objectivity, topical perspectives (like political viewpoint), expertise and bias of community members, and more.
Water Reclamation Strategies and Technologies (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Guidance Industry Standard Water Management Strategies Technology Summaries Exhibits
Prevalence of Mycoplasma haemofelis, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’, Bartonella species, Ehrlichia species, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA in the blood of cats with anemia (2006)

Hemoplasmas are known causes of anemia in some cats and some Bartonella species have been associated with anemia in people and in dogs. In this retrospective study, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to determine the prevalence rates of Mycoplasma haemofelis, 'Candidatus M haemominutum', A phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia species, and Bartonella species DNA in the blood of cats with anemia and a control group of healthy cats. DNA of the organisms was amplified from 22 of 89 cats with anemia (24.7%) and 20 of 87 healthy cats (23.0%). DNA of a hemoplasma was amplified from 18 of 89 cats with anemia (20.2%) and 13 of 87 healthy cats (14.9%); DNA of a Bartonella species was amplified from five of 89 cats with anemia (5.6%) and seven of 87 healthy cats (8.0%). There were no statistically significant differences detected between groups.
Compressible Fluid Flow (1997)

The equations of steady one-dimensional compressible flow some fundamental aspects of compressible flow one-dimensional isentropic flow normal shock waves oblique shock waves expansion waves - Prandtl-Meyer flow variable area flow adiabatic flow with friction flow with heat addition generalized quasi one-dimensional flow numerical analysis of one-dimensional flows aerodynamic heating an introduction to two-dimensional compressible flow hypersonic flow high temperature flows low density flows.
Growth kinetics of disk-shaped copper islands in electrochemical deposition (2009)

The ability to independently dictate the shape and crystal orientation of islands in electrocrystallization remains a significant challenge. The main reason for this is that the complex interplay between the substrate, nucleation, and surface chemistry is not fully understood. Here we report on the kinetics of island growth for copper on ruthenium oxide. The small nucleation overpotential leads to enhanced lateral growth and the formation of hexagonal disk-shaped islands. The amorphous substrate allows the nuclei to achieve the thermodynamically favorable orientation, i.e., a 111 surface normal. Island growth follows power law kinetics in both lateral and vertical directions. At shorter times, the two growth exponents are equal to 1/2 whereas at longer times lateral growth slows down while vertical growth speeds up. We propose a growth mechanism, wherein the lateral growth of disk-shaped islands is initiated by attachment of Cu adatoms on the ruthenium oxide surface onto the island periphery while vertical growth is initiated by two-dimensional nucleation on the top terrace and followed by lateral step propagation. These results indicate three criteria for enhanced lateral growth in electrodeposition: (i) a substrate that leads to a small nucleation overpotential, (ii) fast adatom surface diffusion on substrate to promote lateral growth, and (iii) preferential anion adsorption to stabilize the basal plane.
Cleanroom airborne particulate limits and 70% isopropyl alcohol: a lingering problem for pharmaceutical manufacturing? (2010)

Seventy percent isopropyl alcohol (70% IPA) in water for injection is extensively utilised within pharmaceutical cleanrooms for glove and surface disinfection. When supplied in pressurised containers and delivered as an aerosol, it has been demonstrated that large quantities of 70% IPA particles are generated that remain airborne for substantial periods of time. Within non-unidirectional airflow cleanroom areas, such particles are likely to be recorded by the particle monitoring system. Consequently, the derived operational limits for particles will almost certainly be at "artificially high" levels and any particle generating activities with contamination potential may be masked. These high particle levels may not comply with the requirements of Annex 1 of the European Unions Guide to Good Manufacturing Practices (EU GGMP) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Aseptic Processing Guideline. This is the case predominantly for the larger particles (> or =5 microm), the monitoring of which is exclusively required by the Annex 1 guide. However, by using canisters that deliver the 70% IPA as a stream, large quantities of particles are not generated and more meaningful and compliant operational levels can be obtained. Additionally, the EU GGMP's Annex 1 continuing requirement to monitor particles > or =5 microm appears to have little value or scientific justification and restricts further harmonisation of the European guide with the US FDA Aseptic Processing Guideline.
Some properties of organometallic vapor-phase epitaxial grown GaAs layers on In-doped GaAs substrates (1989)

Undoped GaAs epilayers are grown on heavily In-doped dislocation-free GaAs substrates by the organometallic vapor-phase epitaxial method. Some phenomena related to the misfit dislocation generation caused by the lattice mismatch between epilayer and substrate are investigated as a function of epilayer thickness. As the epilayer thickness increases, the surface morphology changes from mirrorlike to a streaky or cross-hatched pattern, and also the perpendicular lattice constant increases gradually from the lattice constant of coherently grown epilayers to that inherent in pure GaAs. These phenomena are related to the relaxation process from the coherently grown crystalline lattice to that inherent in GaAs by generation of misfit dislocations. This relaxation process is also ascertained by both the increase of the exciton peak energy implying the recovery of the biaxial tensile strain and the increase of etch pit density, revealing the generation of the misfit dislocations at the epilayer/substrate interface.
Impedance Control of Two d.o.f. CPM Device for Elbow Joint (2014)

&lt;div class=""abs_img""&gt;&lt;img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00260004/16.jpg"" width=""200"" /&gt; Two d.o.f. CPM device&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; Continuous passive motion (CPM) involves orthopedic or post-surgery physiotherapy. Following surgery to correct ulna collateral ligament (UCL) injury in the elbow, for example, excessively extending the UCL aggravates the injury and reaction force of the arm increases excessively near the end of the range of motion (ROM). Controlling pro/supination, i.e., rotarymotion of the wrist, effectively suppresses reaction force, but may extend the UCL excessively. We propose a 2 d.o.f. (degrees of freedom) impedance controller as a CPM device for the elbow to suppress reaction force based on the musculoskeletal system. &lt;/span&gt;
MOCVD GaAlAs Hetero-Buffer GaAs Low-Noise MESFETs (1983)

Low-noise GaAs MESFETs with GaAlAs buffer layers exhibited high microwave performance for the first time. The active and buffer layers were prepared by MOCVD. 0.5 µm-gate flat-structure MESFETs exhibited noise figures of 1.15 dB (11.6 dB gain) at 4 GHz and 2.6 dB (8.7 dB gain) at 12 GHz. It was also noted that the transconductance remarkably increased by cooling the GaAlAs buffer FETs, in spite of the highly doped active layer.
Infrared SWAP detectors: pushing the limits (2015)

The growing demand for compact and low consumption infrared cooled detectors is driven by different products segments. Hand Held Thermal Imagers, UAV, small gimbals are some of them. End users are requiring devices easy to use with fast cool down time, excellent portability, low acoustic noise with no trade-offs in reliability and performance. These requirements are pushing the technology developments toward constant innovations on detectors, coolers, read out circuits and proximity electronic boards. In this paper we are discussing the different figures of merit and highlighting the challenges for the different components. An update on the developments of HOT technology for most advanced pixel pitch will be presented. Very compact products are driving the developments for innovative coolers and cryogenic solutions. A low power compact architecture is a must for electronic boards to optimize the overall system power consumption. Finally a look to the future requirements for further shrink will be addressed.
Conducting Cytocompatible Scaffolds: Composite of Sodium Hyaluronate and Colloidal Particles of Conducting Polymers (2021)

Abstract Novel bio-inspired conductive scaffolds composed of sodium hyaluronate containing water soluble polyaniline or polypyrrole colloidal particles (concentrations 0.108, 0.054 and 0.036 % w/w) were manufactured. For this purpose, either crosslinking with N -(3-dimethylaminopropyl- N -ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N -hydroxysuccinimid or a freeze-thawing process in the presence of poly(vinylalcohol) were used. The scaffolds comprised interconnected pores with prevailing porosity values of ~30 % and pore sizes enabling the accommodation of cells. Good swelling capacity (92 – 97 %) without any sign of disintegration was typical for all samples. The elasticity modulus depended on the composition of the scaffolds, with the highest value of ~50 000 Pa obtained for the sample containing the highest content of polypyrrole particles. The scaffolds did not possess cytotoxicity and allowed cell adhesion and growth on the surface. Using the in vivo- mimicking conditions in a bioreactor, cells were also able to grow into the structure of the scaffolds. The technique of scaffold preparation used here thus overcomes the limitations of conducting polymers (e.g. poor solubility in an aqueous environment, and limited miscibility with other hydrophilic polymer matrices) and moreover leads to the preparation of cytocompatible scaffolds with potentially cell-instructive properties, which may be of advantage in the healing of damaged electro-sensitive tissues.
A 20–40 SECOND PROCESS FOR SYNTHESIS OF MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (2006)

We report on a 20–40 s process for growing aligned, uniformed, high purity multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) using an alcohol lamp burner. With an appropriate catalyst precursor concentration, MWNTs can be grown on a Co-coated 304 stainless steel mesh under incomplete combustion conditions at 680–700°C. The process provides a rapid, easy, economic and safe method for the formation of carbon nanotubes. We suggest that the proposed method be considered as an educational kit for college or high school level experiments.
Muscular activity in treadmill and overground running (2007)

It still remains unclear whether muscular activity on the treadmill(T) differs compared to overground (O) running. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine possible differences in muscular activation between T and O. 14 healthy runners were analyzed in a neutral running shoe at 12 km·h $^{-1}$ on a treadmill and in a field test. Muscular activity (EMG) of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and soleus were measured. Time and amplitude quantities were assessed during the gait cycle. The EMG of the peroneus longus exhibited a later onset, a later maximum and shorter total time of activation (p&lt;0.05) in O. The soleus showed a higher amplitudes in O during the push-off phase(p&lt;0.05). Altered peroneus longus activity may indicate its role as an ankle stabilizer and demonstrates a compensatory response due to changing mechanical conditions. Weaker amplitudes of the soleus in the push-off during T suggest adaptation to the movement of the treadmill belt, and/or changes in load receptor input. Differences in muscle activity between T and O running must thus be taken into consideration in studies of neuromuscular control of movement.
Veins and their control (1975)

This book offers a review of the control of veins. The following subjects are discussed: morphology and physiology of venous smooth muscle, pharmacology of venous smooth muscle, the adrenergic nerve ending, the neuro effector interaction, local control of venous reactivity, neural control of vascular capacity, cardiovascular reflexes, physical characteristics, methods for the study of the venous system in man, venomotor responses in normal man, veins in clinical conditions and the effect of therapeutic agents on veins. The book contains a large number of illustrations and graphs.
Toward A Practical Multi-agent System for Integrated Control and Asset Management of Petroleum Production Facilities (2007)

This paper addresses a practical intelligent multi-agent system for asset management for the petroleum industry, which is crucial for profitable oil and gas facilities operations and maintenance. A research project was initiated to study the feasibility of an intelligent asset management system. Having proposed a conceptual model, architecture, and implementation plan for such a system in previous work [1], [2], [3], we define the autonomy, communications, and artificial intelligence (AI) requirements of the component agents of such a system. We also discuss the software implementation of such agents. Furthermore, we describe a simple system prototype, and conduct a real time simulation experiment to analyze the prototype performance. Simulation results reveal that MATLAB can be used to build high performance real-time multi-agent systems, which can be used for many applications.
Potential of Different Polyamino Carboxylic Acids as Barium and Strontium Sulfate Dissolvers (2005)

The studies were focused on evaluation of different scale dissolvers for barite sag or barium sulfate scales, while the chemically similar compound, the strontium sulfate obtained much less attention. Therefore, an extensive research programme was launched with the aim at evaluating the potential of seven different polyamino carboxylic acids (NTA, EDTA, DCTA, DTPA, EGETA, HEDTA and TTHA) using both technical and economic aspects to compare the behavior of these two compounds.Dissolving capacity of each compounds was determined under equilibrium conditions as a function of BaSO4 and SrSO4 concentration in both the presence and absence of reservoir rock. The absolute and relative selectivity of dissolution were precisely analyzed. Dissolution of all components was followed in time and kinetic calculations were made. Results of the measurements provided reliable data for comparison of dissolution capacities under identical chemical conditions.On the basis of the experimental findings it was concluded that the sequence of dissolution capacity is different if the results were evaluated in technical or economic sense. It was also shown that the preferentially used compounds (e.g. DTPA, and particularly EDTA) are not the best choices when technical considerations are only enforced. Namely, the practice justifies their application at the expense of poor efficiency. Results of that systematic analysis may open new vistas in mitigation of formation damage caused by BaSO4 or SrSO4 and accelerate the search for more effective mixtures of complex-forming dissolvers.