gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Computational prototyping of the Chemical Imaging Sensor</title> (1997)

A computational prototyping environment has been developed for the chemical imaging sensor, an IR imaging passive standoff detection device based on the rapid-scan Fourier transform interferometer. The environment uses commercially available software (AVS) which features a visual programing interface, extensive visualization capabilities, interactive steering, and an ability to distribute computations over a heterogenous group of computers. Physical models developed to simulate device behavior are incorporated into AVS modules and data-flow networks. The main distinctions of the models are the use of a ray tracing algorithm in the simulations of interference in the optical system and the application of the radiometric model of MODTRAN for realistic simulations of atmospheric transmittance and radiance. The simulations predict abilities of the device to measure interferograms and spectra as well as spectral images of clouds containing harmful chemicals.
Neuro-Oncology Practice resources for optimizing care and practice in spinal oncology (2020)

As the diagnosis and treatment of systemic cancers continues to improve, increased patient survival has resulted in a rise in the number of patients who develop spinal metastases (SM). Within many areas of oncology, utilization of multidisciplinary care models in the management and decision making of SM patients has proven effective for optimizing care and improving patient safety. Three main goals of an effective clinical pathway include improving outcomes and quality, improving the patient experience, and lowering cost. This paper outlines the strategies employed to optimally establish such a collaborative program for the management of patients with SM, as well as direct providers in and out of the field, patients and caregivers, and practice managers to the appropriate resources.
Risk stratification for restenosis after coronary angioplasty by means of exercise echocardiography. (1994)

To assess the prognostic contribution of exercise two-dimensional echocardiography in patients undergoing elective coronary angioplasty, 60 patients (44 males, 16 females, mean age 61 years) were enrolled in this study. The series included 31 patients with single-vessel disease, 23 with two vessel, and 5 with three vessel disease. After successful PTCA, they underwent stress echocardiographic testing either by treadmill (n = 23) or bicycle ergometry (n = 37), performed with digital continuous loop technique. A wall motion index (WMI) was calculated at rest and at peak stress. According to WMI values, the study population was divided into three groups: patients with normal WMI both at rest and stress (Group 1); patients with abnormal baseline WMI without change at stress (Group 2) and abnormal WMI diagnostic of stress-induced ischemia (Group 3). During the follow-up period, minimum of 1 year, 21 patients complaining of recurrent angina or chest discomfort, had repeat angiography: in 13 of these, typical restenosis of a previously dilated artery was found; 2 patients had progression of atherosclerotic plaque and in 6 the angiogram showed a good result of PTCA. Thirteen patients with restenosis or progressive disease underwent repeat PTCA. In this group, only 2 belonged to Group 1, 4 to Group 2, and 7 to Group 3. Thus, a linear correlation between the WMI value post-angioplasty and the clinical course could be documented (p = 0.001). Stress echocardiography was superior to stress ECG in both negative predictive value (88 and 77% respectively) and positive predictive value (73 versus 50%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Importance of Instability in Impact Response and Damage Resistance of Composite Shells (1997)

The response of laminated cylindrical composite shell structures to transverse loading was studied through impact and quasi-static testing. A highly nonlinear structural instability phenomenon, closely resembling a snap-through instability, was found to have a strong influence on the loading/impact response including the resulting damage. Because of this structural instability, the behavior of convex shells under static or dynamic (i.e., impact) transverse loading is found to be much different than that for plates. These differences include trends displayed in the response parameters as well as damage extent and distribution. Convex shells with a response instability are found to have increased impact damage resistance compared with plates. A concept is proposed wherein the instability provides a mechanism, not available in plates, by which shell structures dissipate impact energy through structural deformation and thus exhibit improved impact damage resistance. Conversely, convex shells with no response instability have decreased impact damage resistance compared with plates. The differences in composite shell and plate behavior, particularly damage resistance, have important ramifications to the design of damage tolerant aerospace components and are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Analysis of Isomerization Process of 8′‐Hydroxyabscisic Acid and Its 3′‐Fluorinated Analogue in Aqueous Solutions. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Endogenous opioid systems and the growth of oligodendrocyte progenitors: Paradoxical increases in oligodendrogenesis as an indirect mechanism of opioid action (1993)

Endogenous opioids inhibit nervous system development by inhibiting the proliferation of certain neuronal and glial progenitors. To determine whether opioids affect the growth of preoligodendrocytes, the effects of the endogenous opioid [Met5]-enkephalin were examined in preoligodendrocytes in primary mixed-glial and preoligodendrocyte-enriched (> 98% pure) cultures. Proliferating preoligodendrocytes in mixed-glial or preoligodendrocyte-enriched cultures were continuously treated for a total of 40 h with either basal growth media (controls), 1 microM [Met5]-enkephalin, 1 microM [Met5]-enkephalin plus the opioid antagonist naloxone (3 microM), or naloxone alone (3 microM), and incubated in [3H]-thymidine (0.2 microCi/ml/4-6 h) after 34-36 h of opioid exposure. Opioid-dependent changes in DNA synthesis were assessed autoradiographically in O4-immunoreactive oligodendrocyte progenitors. Naloxone alone significantly decreased the rate of DNA synthesis and number of O4-immunoreactive preoligodendrocytes in mixed-glial cultures. However, naloxone and/or [Met5]-enkephalin did not affect DNA synthesis or the number of O4-immunoreactive preoligodendrocytes in cultures enriched in preoligodendrocytes. The results suggest that astrocytes, or perhaps another cell type, play a permissive role in opioid-dependent alterations in preoligodendrocyte proliferation. Endogenous opioids affect the genesis of neural cells by both direct and indirect mechanisms.
Nutritional Profiles of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Neisseria lactamica in Chemically Defined Media and the Use of Growth Requirements for Gonococcal Typing (1973)

A chemically defined medium was developed that supports growth of various strains of Neisseria recently isolated from clinical material. Quantitative tests were made of seven strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae cultivated in the defined fluid medium. When inoculated at concentrations of 2 × 105–6 × 106 cfu/ml, the gonococci multiplied with generation times ≤ 60 min, yielding about 5 × 108 cfu/ml within 10 hr and more than 109 cfu/ml by 24 hr. Defined agar media were used for investigation of the growth requirements of 146 strains of N. gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Neisseria lactamica. Each species has a distinctive nutritional profile that serves to differentiate and identify it. On a series of defined media lacking different groups of compounds, the meningococci were relatively homogeneous in their growth responses and were more competent biosynthetically than strains of the other species. Gonococci exhibited a diversity of nutritional requirements; 74 strains were subdivided into 13 distinct clusters (auxotypes) on the basis of their patterns of growth responses to thiamine pyrophosphate, thiamine, proline, arginine, methionine, isoleucine, and hypoxanthine. Such results demonstrate the feasibility of developing a system for auxotyping of clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae.
Exploration of natural product ingredients as inhibitors of human HMG-CoA reductase through structure-based virtual screening (2015)

Cholesterol plays an important role in living cells. However, a very high level of cholesterol may lead to atherosclerosis. HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A) reductase is the key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, and the statin-like drugs are inhibitors of human HMG-CoA reductase (hHMGR). The present study aimed to virtually screen for potential hHMGR inhibitors from natural product to discover hypolipidemic drug candidates with fewer side effects and lesser toxicities. We used the 3D structure 1HWK from the PDB (Protein Data Bank) database of hHMGR as the target to screen for the strongly bound compounds from the traditional Chinese medicine database. Many interesting molecules including polyphenolic compounds, polisubstituted heterocyclics, and linear lipophilic alcohols were identified and their ADMET (absorption, disrtibution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) properties were predicted. Finally, four compounds were obtained for the in vitro validation experiments. The results indicated that curcumin and salvianolic acid C can effectively inhibit hHMGR, with IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) values of 4.3 µM and 8 µM, respectively. The present study also demonstrated the feasibility of discovering new drug candidates through structure-based virtual screening.
From Data to Display: the Design and Evaluation of a Peripheral Sound Display for the Deaf (2003)

We designed and compared two visual displays for providing information about environmental audio to deaf individuals. Our design focuses on non-speech sound such as ringing phones and knocking. The displays communicate combinations of pitch, amplitude, and positional information. A controlled experiment involving deaf participants found neither display to be significantly distracting. However users preferred the display that omitted pitch but included positional information and found that display easier to monitor. Our contribution is the design and evaluation of a visual display allowing monitoring of ambient and notification information sounds by the deaf.
Laser surface polishing of Ti-6Al-4V parts manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (2022)

Poor surface quality of Additively Manufactured (AM) components, can greatly increase the overall cost and lead time of high-performance components. Examples are medical devices where surfaces may contact the patient’s skin and hence need to be smooth and aerospace components with high fatigue strength requirements where surface roughness could reduce fatigue life. The average surface roughness (Ra) of AM parts can reach high levels greater than 50 microns and maximum distance between the high peaks and the low valleys of more than 300 microns. As such, there is a need for fast, cost effective and selective finishing methods of AM produced components targeted at high-performance industries. In this paper Ti-6Al-4V Grade 23 ELI, popular for medical devices and aerospace parts production, was L-PBF processed to manufacture parts which were subsequently treated via laser polishing. Here in this work, CO2 laser polishing was used for the surface modification of the Ti-6Al-4V produced samples. The most significant processing parameters were optimised to achieve approximately an 80% reduction in the average surface roughness and a 90% reduction in the peak-to-valley distance with a processing time of 0.1 sec/mm2 and cost of 0.2 €/cm2.
Isolement et Caractérisation de l'Ostéocalcine Equine (2002)

L'osteocalcine, proteine osseuse contenant de l'acide gamma-carboxyglutamique, a ete isolee jusqu'a homogeneite pour la premiere fois dans l'espece equine. Apres demineralisation acide et extraction acide, l'osteocalcine a ete purifiee par chromatographie en phase greffee par chaine apolaire en C 1 8 , chromatographie de filtration sur gel et chromatographie echangeuse d'ions. La sequence en acides amines de l'osteocalcine equine a ete determinee, elle correspond a YLDHWLGA(HYP) APYPDPL(GLA) PRR(GLA)VC(GLA)LNPDCDELAD HIGFQEAYRRFYGPV. La masse moleculaire et le point isoelectrique de la proteine ont ete calcules de maniere theorique a partir de la sequence transcrite, ils correspondent respectivement a 5,732 kDa et a 4,45. La proteine contient 3 residus acides gamma-carboxyglutamiques en position 17, 21 et 24. La sequence revele egalement la presence de hydroxyproline en position 9 et de cysteine en positions 23 et 29. L'homologie de sequence avec l'osteocalcine bovine (98%), ovine (96%) et humaine (94%) est elevee.
Preparation of Ketamine Tablets for Treatment of Patients with Neuropathic Pain (1999)

Ketamine is known to have distinguished analgesic effects without anesthetic when administered in a low dose. Since ketamine is not commercially available except injection forms, we prepared ketamine tablets for the home-care medication of patients with neuropathic pain. The direct compression or wet granulation method was employed to form 150 mg of tablets containing 50 mg of ketamine. The latter method was superior to the former one in terms of content uniformity, weight variation and disintegration tests of the tablets. Ketamine contents in the tablet prepared by the wet granulation method were unchanged for 12 weeks under the conditions of 25 degrees C and 75% relative humidity (RH). The Cmax and AUC0-3 h values for ketamine after administration of the tablet were slightly smaller than those of the syrup in a healthy volunteer. However, analgesic effects of the tablet was similar to that of the syrup in a patient with neuropathic pain. And the tablet was also effective for another four patients with neuropathic pain. These results indicate that ketamine tablets are useful for the home-care medication of patients with neuropathic pain.
Yeast Artificial Chromosome (Yac) (2019)

Recommendations are given concerning the terminology of methods of bioanalytical chemistry. With respect to dynamic development particularly in the analysis and investigation of biomacromolecules, terms related to bioanalytical samples, enzymatic methods, immunoanalytical methods, methods used in genomics and nucleic acid analysis, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, lipidomics, and biomolecules interaction studies are introduced.
Tamapin, a Venom Peptide from the Indian Red Scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) That Targets Small Conductance Ca2+-activated K+ Channels and Afterhyperpolarization Currents in Central Neurons (2002)

The biophysical properties of small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK) channels are well suited to underlie afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) shaping the firing patterns of a conspicuous number of central and peripheral neurons. We have identified a new scorpion toxin (tamapin) that binds to SK channels with high affinity and inhibits SK channel-mediated currents in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus as well as in cell lines expressing distinct SK channel subunits. This toxin distinguished between the SK channels underlying the apamin-sensitive I(AHP) and the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels mediating the slow I(AHP) (sI(AHP)) in hippocampal neurons. Compared with related scorpion toxins, tamapin displayed a unique, remarkable selectivity for SK2 versus SK1 ( approximately 1750-fold) and SK3 ( approximately 70-fold) channels and is the most potent SK2 channel blocker characterized so far (IC(50) for SK2 channels = 24 pm). Tamapin will facilitate the characterization of the subunit composition of native SK channels and help determine their involvement in electrical and biochemical signaling.
Immature and Transitional B Cells Are Latency Reservoirs for a Gammaherpesvirus (2010)

Gammaherpesviruses, including Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8 [HHV-8]), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68; also known as gammaherpesvirus 68 [γHV68] or murine herpesvirus 4 [MuHV-4]), establish lifelong latency in the resting memory B cell compartment. However, little is known about how this reservoir of infected mature B cells is maintained for the life of the host. In the context of a normal immune system, the mature B cell pool is naturally maintained by the renewable populations of developing B cells that arise from hematopoiesis. Thus, recurrent infection of these developing B cell populations could allow the virus continual access to the B cell lineage and, subsequent to differentiation, the memory B cell compartment. To begin to address this hypothesis, we examined whether MHV68 establishes latency in developing B cells during a normal course of infection. In work described here, we demonstrate the presence of viral genome in bone marrow pro-pre-B cells and immature B cells during early latency and immature B cells during long-term latency. Further, we show that transitional B cells in the spleen are latently infected and express the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) throughout chronic infection. Because developing B cells normally exhibit a short life span and a high rate of turnover, these findings suggest a model in which gammaherpesviruses may gain access to the mature B cell compartment by recurrent seeding of developing B cells.
Remote Ischemic Perconditioning in Thrombolysed Stroke Patients: Randomized Study of Activating Endogenous Neuroprotection – Design and MRI Measurements (2012)

This phase 3 trial is the first study in patients with acute ischemic stroke to evaluate the effect size of remote ischemic perconditioning as a pretreatment to intravenous alteplase, measured as penumbral salvage on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging and clinical outcome after three-months follow-up.
High throughput automated chromatin immunoprecipitation as a platform for drug screening and antibody validation (2012)

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is an assay for interrogating protein–DNA interactions that is increasingly being used for drug target discovery and screening applications. Currently the complexity of the protocol and the amount of hands-on time required for this assay limits its use to low throughput applications; furthermore, variability in antibody quality poses an additional obstacle in scaling up ChIP for large scale screening purposes. To address these challenges, we report HTChIP, an automated microfluidic-based platform for performing high-throughput ChIP screening measurements of 16 different targets simultaneously, with potential for further scale-up. From chromatin to analyzable PCR results only takes one day using HTChIP, as compared to several days up to one week for conventional protocols. HTChIP can also be used to test multiple antibodies and select the best performer for downstream ChIP applications, saving time and reagent costs of unsuccessful ChIP assays as a result of poor antibody quality. We performed a series of characterization assays to demonstrate that HTChIP can rapidly and accurately evaluate the epigenetic states of a cell, and that it is sensitive enough to detect the changes in the epigenetic state induced by a cytokine stimulant over a fine temporal resolution. With these results, we believe that HTChIP can introduce large improvements in routine ChIP, antibody screening, and drug screening efficiency, and further facilitate the use of ChIP as a valuable tool for research and discovery.
Enhancing Safety of Students with Mobile Air Filtration during School Reopening from COVID-19 (2021)

The paper discusses how robots enable occupant-safe continuous protection for students when schools reopen. Conventionally, fixed air filters are not used as a key pandemic prevention method for public indoor spaces because they are unable to trap the airborne pathogens in time in the entire room. However, by combining the mobility of a robot with air filtration, the efficacy of cleaning up the air around multiple people is largely increased. A disinfection co-robot prototype is thus developed to provide continuous and occupant-friendly protection to people gathering indoors, specifically for students in a classroom scenario. In a static classroom with students sitting in a grid pattern, the mobile robot is able to serve up to 14 students per cycle while reducing the worst-case pathogen dosage by 20%, and with higher robustness compared to a static filter. The extent of robot protection is optimized by tuning the passing distance and speed, such that a robot is able to serve more people given a threshold of worst-case dosage a person can receive.
Effect of water addition on the cure kinetics of an epoxy‐amine thermoset (2011)

Abstract In this study, the effect of water addition on cure kinetics in an epoxy‐amine thermoset was investigated. Near FTIR spectra demonstrated that a small amount of water addition significantly accelerated the cure reaction in terms of epoxide conversion, with water acting as a catalyst for the reaction. Use of a modified mechanistic model allowed direct comparison of the effect of hydroxyl groups generated from water addition to those generated from the polymer chain. The comparison of those kinetic parameters shows that the two effects are very close, in which difference in the logarithmic value of the reaction constant is less than one order of magnitude over all the reaction conditions. The kinetic study also confirmed a strong negative substitution effect for this system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Human monoclonal anti‐D antibodies: II. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IgG SUBCLASS, Gm ALLOTYPE AND Fc MEDIATED FUNCTION (1989)

Eight monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the Rh antigen D produced by Epstein-Barr virus transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines from two individuals have been compared for their behaviour in in vitro cell-mediated assays. Three IgG1 Glm(1,17) and two IgG3 G3m(21) mabs from one donor and three IgG1 Glm(3) mabs from another were used. IgG3 anti-D mabs induced greater adherence and phagocytosis of sensitized red cells by U937 monocytes than IgG1 anti-D mabs or the polyclonal anti-D. Minimum sensitization levels for rosetting and phagocytosis by U937 monocytes were 2,000 molecules IgG/cell for IgG3 and 5,000 molecules/cell for IgG1 mabs; maximum rosetting mediated by both IgG1 and IgG3 mabs was obtained at 15,000-20,000 molecules/cell. The IgG3 anti-D mabs were comparable to polyclonal anti-D in mediating binding of sensitized red cells to gamma-interferon stimulated monocyte-derived cultured macrophages and were markedly more effective than the IgG1 anti-D mabs. However, in lymphocyte ADCC assays, only anti-D mabs which were IgG1 Glm(3) were effective in mediating high levels of lysis of sensitized red cells, unlike the IgG1 Glm (1,17) or IgG3 G3m(21) mabs. Minimum sensitization levels required for this lymphocyte-mediated red cell lysis were found to be approximately 5,000 molecules/cell with one IgG1 Glm(3) mab; maximum lysis with this mab was obtained at 10,000 molecules/cell. Polyclonal anti-D containing both IgG1 and IgG3 was effective in all three assays. These observations suggest that different isotypes and allotypes of anti-D antibodies mediate red cell removed or destruction by monocyte or lymphocyte effector cell through functionally dissimilar Fc receptor interactions.