gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Thienoisoindigo-Naphthalene Polymer with Ultrahigh Mobility of 14.4 cm2/V·s That Substantially Exceeds Benchmark Values for Amorphous Silicon Semiconductors (2014)

By considering the qualitative benefits associated with solution rheology and mechanical properties of polymer semiconductors, it is expected that polymer-based electronic devices will soon enter our daily lives as indispensable elements in a myriad of flexible and ultra low-cost flat panel displays. Despite more than a decade of research focused on designing and synthesizing state-of-the-art polymer semiconductors for improving charge transport characteristics, the current mobility values are still not sufficient for many practical applications. The confident mobility in excess of ∼10 cm(2)/V·s is the most important requirement for enabling the realization of the aforementioned near-future products. We report on an easily attainable donor-acceptor (D-A) polymer semiconductor: poly(thienoisoindigo-alt-naphthalene) (PTIIG-Np). An unprecedented mobility of 14.4 cm(2)/V·s, by using PTIIG-Np with a high-k gate dielectric poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)), is achieved from a simple coating processing, which is of a magnitude that is very difficult to obtain with conventional TFTs by means of molecular engineering. This work, therefore, represents a major step toward truly viable plastic electronics.
Exosomal miRNAs and association with pulmonary tuberculosis (2019)

<b>Introduction:</b> Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major threat to human health. Due to the limited accuracy of the current TB diagnostic tests, it is critical to determine novel biomarkers for this disease. Circulating exosomes have been used as diagnostic biomarkers in various diseases. <b>Objective of the Study:</b> In this study, we examined the expression of miRNAs as biomarker candidates for the diagnosis of TB infection. <b>Methods:</b> Serum exosomes were isolated using the total exosome isolation (TEI) reagent (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation, USA). Serum-derived exosomes were isolated from TB patients (25 new case of active TB) and matched control subjects (25 persons). The expression of miR-484, miR-425, and miR-96 was examined by RT-PCR. <b>Results:</b> The expression of miR-484, miR-425, and miR-96 were signiﬁcantly increased in serum of TB patients which correlated with the TB infection level. After normalization to U6, a statistically significant upregulation of miR-484 (13 55 ± 3 44 − fold increase, p ≤ 0 01), miR-425 (6 84 ± 1 7 − fold increase, p ≤ 0 01), and miR-96 (2 37 ± 0 53 − fold increase, p ≤ 0 05) was demonstrated in TB patients in comparison to healthy controls. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the diagnostic potency of each individual serum exosomal miRNA with an area under the curve AUC =072 for miR-484 (p&lt;005), 0.66 for miR-425 (p&lt;005), and 0.62 for miR-96 (p&lt;005). <b>Conclusion:</b> These results demonstrate that exosomal miRNAs have diagnostic potential in active tuberculosis. The diagnostic power may be improved when combined with conventional diagnostic markers.
Gastroprotective peptide trefoil factor family 2 gene is activated by upstream stimulating factor but not by c-Myc in gastrointestinal cancer cells (2002)

These findings define USF factors as regulators of the TFF2 gene and suggest that promoter specific effects are important for a pronounced gene activation of this cytoprotective peptide.
Vehicle Communications In Europe (2005)

The following paper explains the various mobile and vehicle oriented communication systems and information principles serving the motorist in Western Europe. It comprises the fields of car radio with particular applications, cellular mobile radio telephones, country wide radio paging as well as location-finding and navigation including technical, political and market aspects of today and the medium range future.
3-Phosphoinositide–Dependent Kinase 1 Potentiates Upstream Lesions on the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway in Breast Carcinoma (2009)

Lesions of ERBB2, PTEN, and PIK3CA activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway during cancer development by increasing levels of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP(3)). 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is the first node of the PI3K signal output and is required for activation of AKT. PIP(3) recruits PDK1 and AKT to the cell membrane through interactions with their pleckstrin homology domains, allowing PDK1 to activate AKT by phosphorylating it at residue threonine-308. We show that total PDK1 protein and mRNA were overexpressed in a majority of human breast cancers and that 21% of tumors had five or more copies of the gene encoding PDK1, PDPK1. We found that increased PDPK1 copy number was associated with upstream pathway lesions (ERBB2 amplification, PTEN loss, or PIK3CA mutation), as well as patient survival. Examination of an independent set of breast cancers and tumor cell lines derived from multiple forms of human cancers also found increased PDK1 protein levels associated with such upstream pathway lesions. In human mammary cells, PDK1 enhanced the ability of upstream lesions to signal to AKT, stimulate cell growth and migration, and rendered cells more resistant to PDK1 and PI3K inhibition. After orthotopic transplantation, PDK1 overexpression was not oncogenic but dramatically enhanced the ability of ERBB2 to form tumors. Our studies argue that PDK1 overexpression and increased PDPK1 copy number are common occurrences in cancer that potentiate the oncogenic effect of upstream lesions on the PI3K pathway. Therefore, we conclude that alteration of PDK1 is a critical component of oncogenic PI3K signaling in breast cancer.
Handbook of preservatives (2004)

Modelling the effects of natural antimicrobials as food preservatives. In: Taylor M. (ed. )Handbook of Natural Antimicrobials for Food Safety and Quality. (pp. of Preservatives. i65.fastpic.ru/big/2014/0720/ Michael Ash, Irene Ash, Handbook of Preservatives 2004, 2009 / ISBN-10: 1890595667. Check out these common food preservatives which could threaten your aging parent or loved one's health.
Hydrogen desorption behavior of aluminium materials used for extremely high vacuum chamber (1993)

Hydrogen desorption properties of pure Al metal (1050H24 and 1001 Al) and Al alloy (6063T6) were investigated by using a technique of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). In the TDS spectrum of hydrogen, two peaks in the temperature, which may correspond to the desorptions due to second-order surface reaction and diffusion process, were observed. The activation energy of the desorption, due to the surface reaction for the 1050H24 Al, was obtained as 38 kJ/mol. For the 1001 Al, by using a simple diffusion model, the activation energy and diffusion constant of hydrogen due to the diffusion process were calculated as 50 kJ/mol and (0.5–3.5)×10−3 cm2/s, respectively. The hydrogen desorption amount of the Al alloy was estimated as 3×1015 mol/cm2 (0.159 cc/100g Al), which was twice compared with that of the 1050H24 Al. Secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis was applied to examine the change of the surface atomic composition after baking. It was found that magnesium was considerably segregated by heating. However, the correlation between the concentrations of hydrogen and magnesium was not clearly observed.
Compact Wide-Stopband Bandpass Filter Based on Highly-Loaded Substrate Integrated Cavity Resonators (2020)

This paper presents a compact substrate integrated waveguide cavity-based bandpass filter with a wide stopband. The resonators are heavily capacitively-loaded to miniaturize the structures at the fundamental resonant mode. However, the heavy loading affects the resonant frequency of higher-order modes. This degrades the upper stopband rejection and narrows the spurious-free range. To mitigate the effect of closer spurious passbands, the structure of the filter is modified to incorporate stepped-impedance resonators (SIR). Compared to uniform-impedance resonators (UIR), the fields distribution in the SIRs are altered accordingly, which extends the spurious-free range of the response. To prove the concept, a compact second-order bandpass filter prototype, with capacitive loading and using stepped-impedance cavity resonators, is fabricated and measured. Measurements are shown to be in good agreement with simulations, demonstrating the validity of the proposed technique.
Facile Syntheses of C-Glycosides of Aromatic Compounds (1972)

Journal Article Facile Syntheses of C-Glycosides of Aromatic Compounds Get access Hiroshi Ohrui, Hiroshi Ohrui The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroyoshi Kuzuhara, Hiroyoshi Kuzuhara The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sakae Emoto Sakae Emoto The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 36, Issue 9, 1 September 1972, Pages 1651–1653, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1972.10860455 Published: 01 September 1972 Article history Received: 05 June 1972 Published: 01 September 1972
Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 on serine after microinjection of the Abelson murine leukemia virus tyrosine-specific protein kinase into Xenopus oocytes. (1985)

Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts is dependent on the presence of serum, but after transformation of these cells by Abelson murine leukemia virus (Ab-MuLV), S6 remained highly phosphorylated on serine residues either in the absence or the presence of serum. To investigate whether S6 phosphorylation in this system was a consequence of the action of the Ab-MuLV tyrosine-specific protein kinase, purified Ab-MuLV kinase made in Escherichia coli was microinjected into Xenopus oocytes and was observed to cause a 7- to 15-fold increase in the phosphorylation of S6 on serine residues. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide maps of S6 phosphorylated in Ab-MuLV-transformed NIH cells in the absence of serum were identical to those of S6 isolated from normal cells grown in the presence of serum. In addition, S6 from oocytes injected with Ab-MuLV kinase yielded an S6 phosphopeptide map indistinguishable from that of serum-stimulated NIH 3T3 cells, whereas S6 from control oocytes lacked several phosphopeptides. Ab-MuLV kinase did not phosphorylate S6 directly in vitro, and microinjection of a mutant Ab-MuLV protein lacking kinase activity had no effect. These results indicate that the Ab-MuLV kinase interacts with a cellular pathway to enhance S6 phosphorylation by directly or indirectly activating an S6 protein kinase and/or inactivating an S6 protein phosphatase.
Approaches to the synthesis of cytochalasans. Part 6. Synthesis of the C(14)–C(23) subunit of cytochalasins A, B. F and desoxaphomin (1984)

Abstract The synthesis of methyl (4 R , 8 R ,)‐10‐bromo‐8‐methyl‐4‐(1,3,6‐trioxaheptane)‐2‐deceneoate ( 5 ), a synthon for the construction of the macrocyclic moieties of the cytochalasins A ( 1), B. (2) F (3) and desoxaphomin ( 4 ) is described. ( S )‐Glutamic acid ( 6 ) was transformed to the C 5 ‐epoxide 10 and 3‐methylglutaric acid ( 11 ) to the C 5 ‐bromide 15 . Coupling of both 10 and 15 by a CuI‐catalyzed Grignard reaction gave the decanol 16 in very high yield. The latter was transformed by several steps to synthon 5 .
Rapid assessment of contact‐dependent secondary structure propensity: Relevance to amyloidogenic sequences (2005)

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that calculation of contact‐dependent secondary structure propensity (CSSP) is highly sensitive in detecting non‐native β‐strand propensities in the core sequences of known amyloidogenic proteins. Here we describe a CSSP method based on an artificial neural network that rapidly and accurately quantifies the influence of tertiary contacts ( TC s) on secondary structure propensity in local regions of protein sequences. The present method exhibited 72% accuracy in predicting the alternate secondary structure adopted by chameleon sequences located in highly disparate TC regions. Analysis of 1930 nonhomologous protein domains reveals that the α‐helix and the β‐strand largely share the same sequence context, and that tertiary context is a major determinant of the native conformation. Conversely, it appears that the propensity of random coils for either the α‐helix or the β‐strand is largely invariant to tertiary effects. The present CSSP method successfully reproduced the amyloidogenic character observed in local regions of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP). Furthermore, CSSP profiles were strongly correlated ( r = 0.76) with the observed mutational effects on the aggregation rate of acylphosphatase. Taken together, these results provide compelling evidence in support of the present CSSP approach as a sensitive probe useful for analysis of full‐length proteins and for detection of core sequences that may trigger amyloid fibril formation. The combined speed and simplicity of the CSSP method lends itself to proteome‐wide analysis of the amyloidogenic nature of common proteins. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and application of triglyceride‐based polymers and composites (2001)

Abstract Triglyceride oils derived from plants have been used to synthesize several different monomers for use in structural applications. These monomers have been found to form polymers with a wide range of physical properties. They exhibit tensile moduli in the 1–2 GPa range and glass transition temperatures in the range 70–120 °C, depending on the particular monomer and the resin composition. Composite materials were manufactured utilizing these resins and produced a variety of durable and strong materials. At low glass fiber content (35 wt %), composites produced from acrylated epoxidized soybean oil by resin transfer molding displayed a tensile modulus of 5.2 GPa, a flexural modulus of 9 GPa, a tensile strength of 129 MPa, and flexural strength of 206 MPa. At higher fiber contents (50 wt %) composites produced from acrylated epoxidized soybean oil displayed tensile and compression moduli of 24.8 GPa each, and tensile and compressive strengths of 463.2 and 302.6 MPa, respectively. In addition to glass fibers, natural fibers such as flax and hemp were used. Hemp composites of 20% fiber content displayed a tensile strength of 35 MPa and a tensile modulus of 4.4 GPa. The flexural modulus was ∼2.6 GPa and the flexural strength was in the range 35.7–51.3 MPa, depending on the test conditions. The flax composite materials had tensile and flexural strengths in the ranges 20–30 and 45–65 MPa, respectively. The properties exhibited by both the natural‐ and synthetic fiber‐reinforced composites can be combined through the production of “hybrid” composites. These materials combine the low cost of natural fibers with the high performance of synthetic fibers. Their properties lie between those displayed by the all‐glass and all‐natural composites. Characterization of the polymer properties also presents opportunities for improvement through genetic engineering technology. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 703–723, 2001
High Temperature Characterization of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Embedded Into Metallic Structures Through Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (2017)

Embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are attractive for in-situ structural monitoring, especially in fiber reinforced composites. Their implementation in metallic structures is hindered by the thermal limit of the protective coating, typically a polymer material. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the embedding of FBG sensors into metals with the ultimate objective of using FBG sensors for structural health monitoring of metallic structures. To that end, ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is utilized. UAM is a solid-state manufacturing process based on ultrasonic metal welding that allows for layered addition of metallic foils without melting. Embedding FBGs through UAM is shown to result in total cross-sectional encapsulation of the sensors within the metal matrix, which encourages uniform strain transfer. Since the UAM process takes place at essentially room temperature, the industry standard acrylate protective coating can be used rather than requiring a new coating applied to the FBGs prior to embedment. Measurements presented in this paper show that UAM-embedded FBG sensors accurately track strain at temperatures higher than 400 °C. The data reveals the conditions under which detrimental wavelength hopping takes place due to non-uniformity of the load transferred to the FBG. Further, optical cross-sectioning of the test specimens shows inhibition of the thermal degradation of the protective coating. It is hypothesized that the lack of an atmosphere around the fully-encapsulated FBGs makes it possible to operate the sensors at temperatures well above what has been possible until now. Embedded FBGs were shown to retain their coatings when subjected to a thermal loading that would result in over 50 percent degradation (by volume and mass) in atmospherically exposed fiber.
Iron-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Inverse Electron-Demand Hetero Diels–Alder Reactions: An Access to Bicyclic Dihydropyran Derivatives (2019)

A highly enantioselective iron-catalyzed Intramolecular Inverse Electron-Demand Hetero Diels-Alder (IIEDHDA) reaction is reported. By using a chiral semicorrin ligand in the presence of 2,6-lutidine, good isolated yields and excellent enantioselectivities were observed (up to 96% ee). Thanks to the versatile postfunctionalization of the acyl-imidazole moiety, this methodology represents a unique example of the straightforward construction of highly valuable enantioenriched bicyclic dihydropyran derivatives.
A Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Oral Docetaxel Coadministered With Ritonavir to Support Early Clinical Development (2019)

Oral administration of docetaxel is an attractive alternative for conventional intravenous (IV) administration. The low bioavailability of docetaxel, however, hinders the application of oral docetaxel in the clinic. The aim of the current study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for docetaxel and ritonavir based on the phase 1 studies and to support drug development of this combination treatment. PK data were collected from 191 patients who received IV docetaxel and different oral docetaxel formulations (drinking solution, ModraDoc001 capsule, and ModraDoc006 tablet) coadministered with ritonavir. A PK model was first developed for ritonavir. Subsequently, a semiphysiological PK model was developed for docetaxel, which incorporated the inhibition of docetaxel metabolism by ritonavir. The uninhibited intrinsic clearance of docetaxel was estimated based on data on IV docetaxel as 1980 L/h (relative standard error, 11%). Ritonavir coadministration extensively inhibited the hepatic metabolism of docetaxel to 9.3%, which resulted in up to 12-fold higher docetaxel plasma concentrations compared to oral docetaxel coadministered without ritonavir. In conclusion, a semiphysiological PK model for docetaxel and ritonavir was successfully developed. Coadministration of ritonavir resulted in increased plasma concentrations of docetaxel after administration of the oral formulations of ModraDoc. Furthermore, the oral ModraDoc formulations showed lower variability in plasma concentrations between and within patients compared to the drinking solution. Comparable exposure could be reached with the oral ModraDoc formulations compared to IV administration.
Deep learning the slow modes for rare events sampling (2021)

The development of enhanced sampling methods has greatly extended the scope of atomistic simulations, allowing longtime phenomena to be studied with accessible computational resources. Many such methods rely on the identification of an appropriate set of collective variables. These are meant to describe the system's modes that most slowly approach equilibrium under the action of the sampling algorithm. Once identified, the equilibration of these modes is accelerated by the enhanced sampling method of choice. An attractive way of determining the collective variables is to relate them to the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the transfer operator. Unfortunately, this requires knowing the long-term dynamics of the system beforehand, which is generally not available. However, we have recently shown that it is indeed possible to determine efficient collective variables starting from biased simulations. In this paper, we bring the power of machine learning and the efficiency of the recently developed on the fly probability-enhanced sampling method to bear on this approach. The result is a powerful and robust algorithm that, given an initial enhanced sampling simulation performed with trial collective variables or generalized ensembles, extracts transfer operator eigenfunctions using a neural network ansatz and then accelerates them to promote sampling of rare events. To illustrate the generality of this approach, we apply it to several systems, ranging from the conformational transition of a small molecule to the folding of aminiprotein and the study of materials crystallization.
Deterministic galois (2014)

Non-determinism in program execution can make program development and debugging difficult. In this paper, we argue that solutions to this problem should be on-demand, portable and parameterless. On-demand means that the programming model should permit the writing of non-deterministic programs since these programs often perform better than deterministic ones for the same problem. Portable means that the program should produce the same answer even if it is run on different machines. Parameterless means that if there are machine-dependent scheduling parameters that must be tuned for good performance, they must not affect the output. Although many solutions for deterministic program execution have been proposed in the literature, they fall short along one or more of these dimensions. To remedy this, we propose a new approach, based on the Galois programming model, in which (i) the programming model permits the writing of non-deterministic programs and (ii) the runtime system executes these programs deterministically if needed. Evaluation of this approach on a collection of benchmarks from the PARSEC, PBBS, and Lonestar suites shows that it delivers deterministic execution with substantially less overhead than other systems in the literature.
Laboratory Findings Associated with Abomasal Ulcers/Tympany in Range Calves (1990)

The etiology of abomasal ulcers/tympany was investigated in 48 animals from 36 ranches in Wyoming and Nebraska. Results indicate that subclinical trace mineral deficiencies of copper and/or selenium exist in the range cattle in west central Nebraska and Wyoming. Etiological agents most frequently incriminated by bacteriologic cultures and/or histopathic examination were Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter species. Histopathologic evaluation of abomasums revealed 31 of 38 cases contained abundant gram-positive bacteria associated with the damaged abomasal mucosa. Campylobacter-like organisms were demonstrated in 9 of 38 cases using the modified Dieterle stain. Clostridium perfringens was isolated in 14 of 38 cases, and Campylobacter jejuni was recovered from 5 of 38 cases.