gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preheat Studies on Laser Ablatively-Accelerated Foils (1980)

The achievement of laser fusion requires the inward acceleration of pellet shells to very high velocity without excessive preheat of the pellet fuel. In a study of ablatively accelerated thin planar Al foils, we have determined the complete time history of the rear surface temperatures, and evaluated the energy transport mechanisms that contribute to the heating. Extrapolation to larger, reactor-sized pellets indicates that preheat is minimal at low laser irradiances.
Second-harmonic patterned polarization-analyzed reflection confocal microscopy of stromal collagen in benign and malignant breast tissues (2018)

We present the results of polarimetric analysis of collagen on varying pathologies of breast tissues using second-harmonic patterned polarization-analyzed reflection confocal (SPPARC) microscopy. Experiments are conducted on a breast tissue microarray having benign tissues (BT), malignant invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), and benign stroma adjacent to the malignant tissues (called the benign adjacent tissue, or BAT). Stroma in BAT and ILC exhibit the largest parameter differences. We observe that stromal collagen readings in ILC show lower depolarization, lower diattenuation and higher linear degree-of-polarization values than stromal collagen in BAT. This suggests that the optical properties of collagen change most in the vicinity of tumors. A similar trend is also exhibited in the non-collagenous extrafibrillar matrix plus cells (EFMC) region. The three highlighted parameters show greatest sensitivity to changes in the polarization response of collagen between pathologies.
Human Placental Growth Hormone Variant in Pathological Pregnancies (2018)

Growth hormone (GH), an endocrine hormone, primarily secreted from the anterior pituitary, stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration and is a major regulator of postnatal growth. Humans have two GH genes that encode two versions of GH proteins: a pituitary version (GH-N/GH1) and a placental GH-variant (GH-V/GH2), which are expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast cells of the placenta. During pregnancy, GH-V replaces GH-N in the maternal circulation at mid-late gestation as the major circulating form of GH. This remarkable change in spatial and temporal GH secretion patterns is proposed to play a role in mediating maternal adaptations to pregnancy. GH-V is associated with fetal growth, and its circulating concentrations have been investigated across a range of pregnancy complications. However, progress in this area has been hindered by a lack of readily accessible and reliable assays for measurement of GH-V. This review will discuss the potential roles of GH-V in normal and pathological pregnancies and will touch on the assays used to quantify this hormone.
Dietary saturated triacylglycerols suppress hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor activity in the hamster. (1985)

The liver plays a key role in the regulation of circulating levels of low density lipoproteins (LDL) because it is both the site for the production of and the major organ for the degradation of this class of lipoproteins. In this study, the effects of feeding polyunsaturated or saturated triacylglycerols on receptor-dependent and receptor-independent hepatic LDL uptake were measured in vivo in the hamster. In control animals, receptor-dependent LDL transport manifested an apparent Km value of 85 mg/dl (plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration) and reached a maximum transport velocity of 131 micrograms of LDL-cholesterol/hr per g, whereas receptor-independent uptake increased as a linear function of plasma LDL levels. Thus, at normal plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations, the hepatic clearance rate of LDL equaled 120 and 9 microliter/hr per g by receptor-dependent and receptor-independent mechanisms, respectively. As the plasma LDL-cholesterol was increased, the receptor-dependent (but not the receptor-independent) component declined. When cholesterol (0.12%) alone or in combination with polyunsaturated triacylglycerols was fed for 30 days, receptor-dependent clearance was reduced to 36-42 microliter/hr per g, whereas feeding of cholesterol plus saturated triacylglycerols essentially abolished receptor-dependent LDL uptake (5 microliter/hr per g). When compared to the appropriate kinetic curves, these findings indicated that receptor-mediated LDL transport was suppressed approximately equal to 30% by cholesterol feeding alone and this was unaffected by the addition of polyunsaturated triacylglycerols to the diet. In contrast, receptor-dependent uptake was suppressed approximately equal to 90% by the intake of saturated triacylglycerols. As compared to polyunsaturated triacylglycerols, the intake of saturated lipids was also associated with significantly higher plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations and lower levels of cholesteryl esters in the liver.
Evaluation of depth filtration to remove prion challenge from an immune globulin preparation (2003)

Depth filtration appears to remove PrPSc from the immunoglobulin preparation by mechanical straining rather than by adsorption to the filter matrix. The immunoglobulin preparation caused the PrPSc to aggregate from particles <0.1 microm in size to particles of >0.22 microm, probably as a result of the presence of methanol in the preparation. The depth filter failed to remove PrPSc from a purely aqueous environment.
An IoT Device-trusted Remote Attestation Framework (2022)

Remote attestation allows the verifier to determine the level of trust for the system’s health. We propose a framework for verifying the trustworthiness of the IoT device using remote attestation. The framework provides remote device trust verification and a trust management service for a large group of devices to prevent remote control and zombization due to firmware spoofing. We show how the framework performs remote attestation for object forgery attacks under various types of heterogeneous TEE (SW) and TPM (HW) IoT platforms.
Correlation of peri‐implant health and myeloperoxidase levels: a cross‐sectional clinical study (2004)

In comparison to the clinically healthy implants, total amounts of MPO were significantly higher in PISF collected around implants with inflammatory lesions. In addition, the levels of MPO were correlated with the clinical parameters. The results confirm the similarity of the inflammatory response of tissues surrounding implants and natural teeth, and suggest that MPO could be promising marker of inflammation around dental implants.
A specification invariant technique for regularity improvement between flow-graph clusters (1996)

In system-level synthesis for DSP applications, algorithmic transformations on the initially specified flow-graph are crucial to arrive at a good specification as input for either high-level hardware synthesis, or for code generation. For both target styles, sharing of clusters (partitions) of the flow-graph on the same resource is essential to optimize within the combined search space of area, time, and power. To decrease sharing overhead, it is important for clusters that share the same resource to match each other as good as possible, which is the aim of regularity improvement. In this paper, we present a new technique that improves the regularity between two or more flow-graph clusters by means of algebraic transformations, operating at the word-level. The technique consists of a steepest descent optimization step, preceded by a normalization step. Both steps use optimizing algebraic transformations that feature a limited look-ahead. Regularity improvement is modeled as an area minimization problem. The technique is invariant to structural changes in the specification of the clusters, as long as their functionality is not affected. Our main target domain consists of lowly-multiplexed realizations of real-time DSP applications. The power of our approach is substantiated on several real-life applications from the video and image processing domain. The regularity improvement technique is able to generate optimal (or close to optimal) results, independent of cluster duplications or (behavior-preserving) cluster structure modifications, with only a few composite transformations. Large savings are possible compared to non optimized flow-graph clusters with an acceptable but relatively large run time complexity.
Guides d’onde Intégrés au Substrat (SIW) multicouches à haute performance pour des circuits millimétriques à faible coût (2016)

The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology, introduced in the early 2000s, has presently trigged a huge interest from academia to industry with the focus on the design and development of low-loss, compact, integrated, self-packaged and low-cost microwave and millimeter-wave circuits, antennas and systems. However, the classical metallic waveguide technology, which offers better performances such as lower insertion loss and higher power handling, has still been used in the design of microwave and millimeter-wave systems, despite its higher cost and bulky structure. To offer a highly integrated, further loss-reduced, low-cost alternative to the conventional waveguide and also to allow a wide-spread use of the millimeter-wave spectrum, this thesis research introduces a new SIW structure called Air-Filled SIW (AFSIW). This new structure has been theoretically and experimentally studied in details with a substantial amount of results. At millimeter wave frequencies, compared to the SIW topologies, the proposed AFSIW scheme exhibits a substantially lower insertion loss (three times, for example) and a much higher average power handling capability (four times, for example). Numerous AFSIW passive components have been investigated designed and demonstrated, which take advantages of the well-established multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication process. Couplers, phase shifters, power dividers, antennas and filters have been modeled, designed, prototyped and measured based on the introduced technology. Their performances have theoretically and experimentally been compared with their SIW counterparts to demonstrate and validate the benefits of the proposed technology.
Vowel and Nasal Duration as Cues to Voicing in Word-Final Stop Consonants: Spectrographic and Perceptual Studies (1975)

To determine durational differences between vowel and nasal segments preceding word-final /t/ and /d/, spectrograms were made of adult speakers' productions of minimal pairs of the type /pent/-/pend/. Vowel, nasal, and vowel plus nasal (vocalic nucleus) durations were greater before /d/ than before /t/. Assuming the voiceless context as a base, the increase in nasal duration in the voiced case was proportionately greater than the increase in vowel duration. This outcome suggests that nasal duration is a more powerful cue to the voicing characteristic of the following consonant than is vowel duration. To test this, adult listeners were presented synthetic CVNC utterances in which the nasal and vowel segments were independently varied in duration over a range of 40 msec to 200 msec and were instructed to label the final stop consonant as either voiced /d/ or voiceless /t/. Although changes in both vowel and nasal duration were sufficient to cue both voiced and voiceless judgements, listeners' categorization of final consonants shifted more rapidly as a result of varying nasal rather than vowel duration. Nasal duration, therefore, appears to be a stronger cue than vowel duration for the word-final voiced-voiceless consonant distinction in CVNC utterances.
Enhancing web marketing by using an ontology (2006)

The existence of the Web has a major impact on people's life styles. Online shopping, online banking, email, instant messenger services, search engines and bulletin boards have gradually become parts of our daily life. All kinds of information can be found on the Web. Web marketing is one of the ways to make use of online information. By extracting demographic information and interest information from the Web, marketing knowledge can be augmented by applying data mining algorithms. Therefore, this knowledge which connects customers to products can be used for marketing purposes and for targeting existing and potential customers. The Web Marketing Project with Ontology Support has the purpose to find and improve marketing knowledge. 
In the Web Marketing Project, association rules about marketing knowledge have been derived by applying data mining algorithms to existing Web users' data. An ontology was used as a knowledge backbone to enhance data mining for marketing. The Raising Method was developed by taking advantage of the ontology. Data are preprocessed by Raising before being fed into data mining algorithms. Raising improves the quality of the set of mined association rules by increasing the average support value. Also, new rules have been discovered after applying Raising. This dissertation thoroughly describes the development and analysis of the Raising method. Moreover, a new structure, called Intersection Ontology, is introduced to represent customer groups on demand. Only needed customer nodes are created. Such an ontology is used to simplify the marketing knowledge representation. Finally, some additional ontology usages are mentioned. By integrating an ontology into Web marketing, the marketing process support has been greatly improved.
Increased P85α Is a Potent Negative Regulator of Skeletal Muscle Insulin Signaling and Induces in Vivo Insulin Resistance Associated with Growth Hormone Excess (2005)

Insulin resistance is a cardinal feature of normal pregnancy and excess growth hormone (GH) states, but its underlying mechanism remains enigmatic. We previously found a significant increase in the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol kinase (PI 3-kinase) and striking decrease in IRS-1-associated PI 3-kinase activity in the skeletal muscle of transgenic animals overexpressing human placental growth hormone. Herein, using transgenic mice bearing deletions in p85alpha, p85beta, or insulin-like growth factor-1, we provide novel evidence suggesting that overexpression of p85alpha is a primary mechanism for skeletal muscle insulin resistance in response to GH. We found that the excess in total p85 was entirely accounted for by an increase in the free p85alpha-specific isoform. In mice with a liver-specific deletion in insulin-like growth factor-1, excess GH caused insulin resistance and an increase in skeletal muscle p85alpha, which was completely reversible using a GH-releasing hormone antagonist. To understand the role of p85alpha in GH-induced insulin resistance, we used mice bearing deletions of the genes coding for p85alpha or p85beta, respectively (p85alpha (+/-) and p85beta(-/-)). Wild type and p85beta(-/-) mice developed in vivo insulin resistance and demonstrated overexpression of p85alpha and reduced insulin-stimulated PI 3-kinase activity in skeletal muscle in response to GH. In contrast, p85alpha(+/-)mice retained global insulin sensitivity and PI 3-kinase activity associated with reduced p85alpha expression. These findings demonstrated the importance of increased p85alpha in mediating skeletal muscle insulin resistance in response to GH and suggested a potential role for reducing p85alpha as a therapeutic strategy for enhancing insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle.
Model-based overlapping clustering (2005)

While the vast majority of clustering algorithms are partitional, many real world datasets have inherently overlapping clusters. Several approaches to finding overlapping clusters have come from work on analysis of biological datasets. In this paper, we interpret an overlapping clustering model proposed by Segal et al. [23] as a generalization of Gaussian mixture models, and we extend it to an overlapping clustering model based on mixtures of any regular exponential family distribution and the corresponding Bregman divergence. We provide the necessary algorithm modifications for this extension, and present results on synthetic data as well as subsets of 20-Newsgroups and EachMovie datasets.
MRI-based estimation of liver function: Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced T1 relaxometry of 3T vs. the MELD score (2014)

Gd-EOB-DTPA is a hepatocyte-specific MRI contrast agent. Due to its hepatocyte-specific uptake and paramagnetic properties, functioning areas of the liver exhibit shortening of the T1 relaxation time. We report the potential use of T1 relaxometry of the liver with Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for estimating the liver function as expressed by the MELD score. 3 T MRI relaxometry was performed before and 20 min after Gd-EOB-DTPA administration. A strong correlation between changes in the T1 relaxometry and the extent of liver disease, expressed by the MELD score, was documented. Reduced liver function correlates with decreased Gd-EOB-DTPA accumulation in the hepatocytes during the hepatobiliary phase. MRI-based T1 relaxometry with Gd-EOB-DTPA may be a useful method for assessing overall and segmental liver function.
A novel asymmetric polybenzimidazole membrane for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (2014)

A novel asymmetric polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane used for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells has been successfully fabricated by a soft-template method using the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][TFSI]) as the porogen. Typically, the asymmetric PBI membrane exhibits a double-layer structure comprising a dense layer and a porous layer with a distinguishable boundary. The morphology and asymmetry of the porous structure have been characterized by SEM micrographs. The density difference between the polymer matrix and the porogen can be considered as the driving force for developing the asymmetrical structure. Phosphoric acid-doped asymmetric PBI with a high porosity exhibited considerably enhanced doping levels and proton conductivity. For example, a doping level of up to 23.6 and a proton conductivity as high as 6.26 × 10−2 S cm−1 were achieved. Moreover, the crosslinking modification of asymmetric PBIs had beneficial effects on the mechanical strength and oxidative stability, which were investigated. We have also demonstrated the fuel cell performance of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) based on the asymmetric PBI at elevated temperatures under anhydrous conditions in the present work.
Novel Textile-Based Solutions of Emergency Shelters: Case Studies and Field Tests of S(P)EEDKITS Project (2019)

The design of the first aid and reconstruction kits in major disaster scenarios highlights a new frontier for Technology of Architecture and Lightweight construction expertise, combining the traditional vocation of component design with innovative research on technical textiles. After an overview of S(P)EEDKITS—a project which received funding from the EU FP7—the essay focuses on research activities conducted by the ABC Department at Politecnico di Milano on the sustainable design applied to textile-based shelters. The essay also presents the results of two field tests conducted in Burkina Faso (2013–2014) and in Senegal (2015–on going), evaluating the environmental performances of shelters developed by the authors. The research was conducted in collaboration with International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Netherlands Red Cross, the Médecins sans Frontieres (Operational centre of Amsterdam),—Operational centre of Amsterdam, Sioen Industries NV, Ferrino SpA, and with researchers of Vrije Universiteit of Brussel and Eindhoven Technische Universiteit.
Open Architecture Television (1991)

We introduce the concept of Open Architecture Television, in which a digital representation of moving images is specifically designed to facilitate interconnection. The fundamental concept behind the Open Architecture approach is that the next generation of television systems should add degrees of freedom in addition to lines of resolution. Rather than defining a single television standard with a fixed number of lines per frame and frames per second, we consider a system in which production, distribution, storage, and viewing of moving images can each freely employ a variety of standards optimized for specific situations. Scanning parameters of the various segments in the system are effectively decoupled one from another through the medium of a digital interconnection standard. — This flexible, extensible video format will accommodate a variety of production frame rates and resolutions, support a broad range of display quality for differing applications, and incrementally upgrade (rather than becoming obsolete) when higher-resolution cameras and displays become available. We demonstrate that a particular hierarchical representation for video (that of three-dimensional subband coding) possesses these desirable properties and additionally offers a common technological basis for digital television channels spanning several orders of magnitude in bandwidth. We outline the technical and psychovisual considerations involved in developing an Open Architecture Television system, and describe our experiments in signal processing and hardware design toward this goal.
Failure characteristics in thermoplastic composite laminates due to an eccentric circular discontinuity (1991)

Abstract : The purpose of this thesis was to determine (both experimentally and analytically) the initiation and progression of failure, stress-strain response, and the failure loads of Graphite/Polyetheretherketone (Gr/PEEK) laminates, incorporating an eccentric 0.4 inch circular discontinuity, loaded in axial tension at room temperature. For each ply lay-up, three values of eccentricity were considered (the three values of eccentricity were determined by the hole location within each specimen). In addition, experimentation was conducted to study the effects of boundary conditions on the failure characteristics of the Gr/PEEK laminates; this was accomplished through the use of a special mounting fixture which allowed in-plane rotation of the specimens. Finally, experimentation was conducted, using photoelasticity, to verify the gross stress states of the Gr/PEEK laminates predicted by the analytical study. Analytically, a nonlinear material finite element program was used to predict the initiation and progression of failure, stress-strain response, and the failure loads of the Gr/Peek laminates. In addition, the effects of boundary conditions on the failure modes of the Gr/Peek laminates was studied analytically. And finally, the gross stress states of the Gr/PEEK laminates were considered in the analytical portion of this thesis.
In-vivo activity of antivirals against exotic RNA viral infections (1984)

Infection of humans by viruses belonging to the families of Toga-, Bunya-, and Arenaviridae constitutes a major health problem worldwide and certain of the viruses have the potential to cause widespread epidemics. In the search for effective chemotherapy against these viruses several hundred nucleoside and nucleotide analogues have been screened for antiviral activity. Of the compounds tested, ribavirin, has been shown in laboratory animal models to have significant inhibitory effects against Rift Valley Fever virus, the bunyavirus Punta Toro, Hantaan virus and arenaviruses such as Pichinde, Junin, Machupo and Lassa Fever. Clinical studies with ribavirin in persons infected with Lassa Fever virus are in progress. Ribavirin or certain analogues have no detectable in vivo activity against arboviral encephalitic infections caused by Venezuelan or Western Equine Encephalitis or Semliki Forest Viruses. Other compounds including a series of triazolo derivatives, and the thiazole carboxamide nucleoside Tiazofurin appear to have in-vivo activity against certain of these exotic RNA viruses.