gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionisation cross sections of rare-gas atoms by electron impact (1988)

Normalised values of partial ionisation cross sections for the rare gases (He+, Ne+-Ne3+, Ar+-Ar3+, Kr+-Kr4+ and Xe+-Xe5+) have been measured from threshold to 1000 eV using a pulsed electron beam and ion extraction technique. The cross sections have been obtained for the singly ionised species by normalising the relative data with the results of Rapp and Englander-Golden (1965) below the onset of production of the doubly ionised species. These cross sections for the singly ionised species have then been used to calibrate the mass transmission efficiency of the ion extraction+analyser+detection system by the relative flow technique. The mass transmission curve thus obtained has been employed to determine the absolute cross sections of the multiply ionised species. Summation of the individual partial cross sections with proper weighting for charge is employed to obtain the total ion cross sections. The measured partial cross sections are fitted to an empirical formula for the ease of future use.
Study on COBRA lens horn for miniaturization and improvement of pattern (2006)

In designing high power microwave antenna system, breakdown effect is one of the most important factor to consider. When Coaxial Beam-Rotating Antenna (COBRA) lens is used as high power microwave system, the size of antenna should be larger to prevent the breakdown due to the reflected wave from lens. In this paper, the method of miniaturization and improvement of pattern by compensating phase error at the aperture using modified COBRA lens is introduced. Using the proposed method, the higher gain and the better radiation pattern is obtained while the length of antenna is reduced more than half.
Criterion for Amino Acid Composition of Defensins and Antimicrobial Peptides Based on Geometry of Membrane Destabilization (2011)

Defensins comprise a potent class of membrane disruptive antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with well-characterized broad spectrum and selective microbicidal effects. By using high-resolution synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering to investigate interactions between heterogeneous membranes and members of the defensin subfamilies, α-defensins (Crp-4), β-defensins (HBD-2, HBD-3), and θ-defensins (RTD-1, BTD-7), we show how these peptides all permeabilize model bacterial membranes but not model eukaryotic membranes: defensins selectively generate saddle-splay ("negative Gaussian") membrane curvature in model membranes rich in negative curvature lipids such as those with phosphoethanolamine (PE) headgroups. These results are shown to be consistent with vesicle leakage assays. A mechanism of action based on saddle-splay membrane curvature generation is broadly enabling, because it is a necessary condition for processes such as pore formation, blebbing, budding, and vesicularization, all of which destabilize the barrier function of cell membranes. Importantly, saddle-splay membrane curvature generation places constraints on the amino acid composition of membrane disruptive peptides. For example, we show that the requirement for generating saddle-splay curvature implies that a decrease in arginine content in an AMP can be offset by an increase in both lysine and hydrophobic content. This "design rule" is consistent with the amino acid compositions of 1080 known cationic AMPs.
Phase II Trial of CHOP Plus Rituximab in Patients With HIV-Associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2006)

Rituximab adjunction to CHOP produced a CR rate of 77% and a 2-year survival rate of 75% in patients with AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, without increasing the risk of life-threatening infections.
Mechanically resolving noncovalent bonds using acoustic radiation force (2014)

The resolution of molecular bonds and subsequent selective control of their binding are of great significance in chemistry and biology. We have developed a method based on the use of acoustic radiation force to precisely dissociate noncovalent molecular bonds. The acoustic radiation force is produced by extremely low-power ultrasound waves and is mediated by magnetic particles. We successfully distinguished the binding of antibodies of different subclasses and the binding of DNA duplexes with a single-base-pair difference. In contrast to most ultrasound applications in chemistry, the sonication probe is noninvasive and requires a sample volume of only a few microliters. Our method is thus viable for noninvasive and accurate control of molecular bonds that are widely encountered in biochemistry.
Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 Induces FoxM1B in Oral Keratinocytes through GRHL2 (2018)

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for oral and pharyngeal cancers (OPCs), yet the detailed mechanisms by which HPV promotes OPCs are not understood. Forkhead box M1B (FoxM1B) is an oncogene essential for cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis, and it is aberrantly overexpressed in many tumors. We previously showed that FoxM1B was the putative target of an epithelial-specific transcription factor, Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2). In the current study, we demonstrate that HPV type 16 (HPV-16) E6 induces FoxM1B in human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) and tonsillar epithelial cells (TECs) in part through GRHL2. FoxM1B was barely detectable in cultured normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) and progressively increased in immortalized HOKs harboring HPV-16 genome (HOK-16B) and tumorigenic HOK-16B/BaP-T cells. Retroviral expression of HPV-16 E6 and/or E7 in NHOKs, TECs, and hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells (FaDu) revealed induction of FoxM1B and GRHL2 by the E6 protein but not E7. Both GRHL2 and FoxM1B were strongly induced in the epidermis of HPV-16 E6 transgenic mice and HPV<sup>+</sup> oral squamous cell carcinomas. Ectopic expression of FoxM1B led to acquisition of transformed phenotype in HOK-16B cells. Loss of FoxM1B by lentiviral short hairpin RNA vector or chemical inhibitor led to elimination of tumorigenic characteristics of HOK-16B/BaP-T cells. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that GRHL2 directly bound and regulated the FoxM1B gene promoter activity. Using epithelial-specific Grhl2 conditional knockout mice, we exposed wild-type (WT) and Grhl2 KO mice to 4-nitroquinolin 1-oxide (4-NQO), which led to induction of FoxM1B in the tongue tissues and rampant oral tumor development in the WT mice. However, 4-NQO exposure failed to induce tongue tumors or induction of FoxM1B expression in Grhl2 KO mice. Collectively, these results indicate that HPV-16 induces FoxM1B in part through GRHL2 transcriptional activity and that elevated FoxM1B level is required for oropharyngeal cancer development.
Uranium(VI) complexes with sugar phosphates in aqueous solution (2004)

Summary The complex formation in the aqueous systems of uranium(VI) with glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) were studied using potentiometric titration, TRLFS, and EXAFS. Two complexes with a uranyl-to-ligand ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 for both sugars were observed. Complex stability constants were determined by potentiometric titration for both complexes to be log β 11 (G6P)=5.89±0.40, log β 12 (G6P)=9.45±0.08, log β 11 (F6P)=5.72±0.21, and log β 12 (F6P)=9.54±0.09. Stability constants could be determined with TRLFS under the specific experimental conditions only for the 1:1 complexes: log β 11 (G6P)=6.35±0.28, and log β 11 (F6P)=5.66±0.17. The TRLFS measurements results show the UO 2 G6P complex to exhibit no fluorescence properties. For this system, only a decrease of the fluorescence intensity with increasing ligand concentration was observed. For the UO 2 F6P system, a red shift of the fluorescence emission bands of about 8 to 9 nm compared to the free uranyl ion was observed. The fluorescence emission wavelengths of the UO 2 F6P complex were determined to be 483, 496, 518, 542, and 567 nm, and the lifetime of this complex is 0.13±0.05 μs. Uranium L III -edge EXAFS measurements at pH 3.5, 4.0, and 5.5 yielded a shortened U–O eq bond distance (2.30±0.02 to 2.37±0.02 Å), compared to the UO 2 2+ (H 2 O) 5 ion (2.40±0.02 Å), due to a monodentate coordination via the oxygen atoms of the phosphate group.
Computational illumination for real-time gigapixel phase microscopy(Conference Presentation) (2016)

This talk will describe new source coding methods for rapid acquisition of high-resolution phase images across a very large field of view, using a modified commercial microscope with LED array illumination. Our methods are inspired by a hybrid combination of Fourier Ptychography and differential phase contrast imaging, combined with source multiplexing strategies for fast capture and significantly reduced data requirements. Such computational approaches to optical microscopy add significant new capabilities to commercial microscopes without much cost or hardware modification. We demonstrate our system on live samples in vivo, validating our results for unstained, label-free samples against other popular phase retrieval methods.
Foresight in an unpredictable world (2012)

Unpredictability has two main sources: epistemic uncertainty and ontological unpredictability. When disruptive and downstream innovations become frequent, ontological unpredictability becomes increasingly important for innovation policy and strategy. The analysis of the nature of ontological unpredictability explains why future-oriented technology analysis and foresight frequently fail to grasp socially and economically important technical developments and clarifies why policy, strategy, and future-oriented analysis need to move beyond evidence-based approaches.
Evolutionary Learning of Feature Fusion Hierarchies (2008)

We present a hierarchical feature fusion model for image classification that is constructed by an evolutionary learning algorithm. The model has the ability to combine local patches whose location, width and height are automatically determined during learning. The representational framework takes the form of a two-level hierarchy which combines feature fusion and decision fusion into a unified model. The structure of the hierarchy itself is constructed automatically during learning to produce optimal local feature combinations. A comparative evaluation of different classifiers is provided on a challenging gender classification image database. It demonstrates the effectiveness of these Feature Fusion Hierarchies (FFH). 1.
The Photobiological Differences of Gilvocarcins V and M Are not Related to their Transient Intermediates and Triplet Yields (1998)

Abstract— The transient absorption spectra of the intermediates produced by the 355 nm laser excitation of gilvocarcin derivatives have been investigated in various solvents. The spectra consist of a triplet-triplet absorption in the visible region and a residual absorption observed between 340 and 700 nm due to a long-lived species, assigned to the radical cation. A broad-fast decaying band with a maximum at around 700 nm attributed to the solvated electron is also seen in solutions containing a low DMSO/water volume ratio and at 266 nm irradiation of a 50% methanol/water solvent mixture. The molar absorption coefficient of the triplet state of gilvocarcin V (GV) and gilvocarcin M (GM), determined by the energy transfer method, is independent of the solvent properties and has a value of 3.0 × 104/Mcm. The triplet decay rate constants for both drugs are between 1 and 5 × 104/s. A similar initial yield and triplet decay rate constant of GV were observed in the presence of 3.4 mM thymine. Thus, a quenching rate constant of the GV's triplet state by thymine is estimated to be lower than 106/Ms. The triplet quantum yields of both antibiotics determined by using the comparative method are higher in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (0.18) than are those corresponding to 25% DMSO/water (0.06). The decrease in φT in the presence of water could be attributed to an enhanced internal conversion rate constant from the S1 state or to an increase in the photoionization yield. The similarity of the transient intermediates and their yields for GV and GM suggest that their photobiological differences are due to other factors such as DNA binding constants, preferential localization of the drugs in the cell or the enhanced reactivity of the vinyl group toward cellular components.
Modulation-Compensated Power Synchronization Control for Modular Multilevel Converters With Enhanced Performance Under Varying SCR (2023)

Power synchronization control (PSC), one of the common grid-forming (GFM) controls, is an emerging grid support technique for converters in the converter-dominated power system. However, its application to modular multilevel converters (MMCs) with dynamic grid conditions and varying grid strength, exposed some instability issues. This article studies the essence of the MMC internal voltage coupling and the degree of influence on the reference voltage under different grid short-circuit ratios (SCRs). It is found that the key reason for instability is that the submodule (SM) capacitor voltage modifies the reference voltage through the nonlinear switching process and eventually generates the voltage error, up to 61.3% with high SCR = 25. Based on the above findings, an easy-to-implement modulation compensation is proposed to enhance the PSC-MMC stability in changing SCR scenarios. A simplified selection scheme of the compensation coefficient, which is affected by the practical main circuit parameters is presented according to the established small-signal model (SSM). Both the simulation and the experimental results verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
Supplementary Figure 1 from A Small Molecule Reacts with the p53 Somatic Mutant Y220C to Rescue Wild-type Thermal Stability (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1: p53 hotspot mutations (A) Crystal structure of p53 bound to DNA PDB 1TUP with structural and DNA-contact mutations highlighted. (B) Frequency of hotspot mutations out of total p53 alterations based upon data generated by the TCGA Research Network: https://www.cancer.gov/tcga. (C) The urea-denaturation free energy values from hotspot mutations and stabilizing mutations plotted from previous studies (7). (D) SDS-PAGE of recombinant protein used in study stained with Coomassie blue.&lt;/p&gt;
Regulation of embryo survival in cattle (2019)

Evidence is presented that bovine somatotrophin (bST) treatment of lactating dairy cows enhances both expression of oviductal insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) mRNA and endometrial insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) mRNA between day 3 and day 7 of the oestrous cycle. mRNA encoding growth hormone (GH) receptor in endometrial tissues increased between day 3 and day 7 of the oestrous cycle. The changes induced by bST treatment may contribute to stimulation of embryo development and increase pregnancy rates in lactating dairy cows. Additive effects of bST and rb interferon τ (rblFN-τ) to inhibit phorbol ester induction of prostaglandin F2α secretion in immortalized bovine endometrial cells indicates that there is interplay between their signal transduction pathways. Non-lactating dairy cows were killed at day 17 after oestrus to evaluate the effects of pregnancy status (cyclic versus pregnant) and bST (bST versus control) treatment on endometrial gene expression. Distinctly different mRNA and protein responses were detected between cyclic and pregnant cows that were related to luteolyticantiluteolytic drive (that is expression of progesterone receptor, oxytocin receptor, oestradiol receptor a and prostaglandin GH synthase 2 (PGHS-2)). The bST-induced changes in PGHS-2 protein (+), oxytocin receptor mRNA (+) and oestrogen receptor α protein (+) may potentially affect the mechanisms associated with maintenance of pregnancy. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate whether ovarian follicular suppression induced by biodegradable deslorelin implants would reduce either early or late embryo losses. A 450 µg deslorelin implant used to induce ovulation in a timed insemination programme decreased subsequent follicular development and tended to reduce early embryo losses, whereas a 2.1 mg deslorelin implant failed to reduce late embryonic losses when inserted on day 27 of pregnancy.
Unsupported Ni‐mo Sulfide Catalysts: Relation Between the HDS and Hydrogenation Activities and Some Structural Properties (1984)

Abstract A series of unsupported sulfide catalysts containing nickel and molybdenum (with variable atomic ratio a Ni/Ni + Mo) was prepared using a variant of the H.S.P. method which promotes an “intimate contact” between the metallic ions. These catalysts show good activities in the dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization (under atmospheric or high pressure) and in the biphenyl hydrogenation. For the two reactions, the maximum of synergy is observed for a about 0.7. X‐ray diffraction shows that for a &lt; 0.3, only the MoS 2 type phase is detected (before and after catalytic test). For higher values of a , nickel sulfide initially present under the NiS 2 and NiS β phases form, is converted into the Ni 3 S 2 phase by catalytic working. The variations, in terms of a , of the specific area, of the stoichiometric ratio S/Ni + Mo' of the c parameter of the MoS 2 type phase, of the TPR spectra shape, show the existence of a mixed phase “Mo ‐ Ni ‐ S” of the same crystallo‐graphic type than MoS 2 . The presence of this phase would induce an increase of the HDS and hydrogenation properties of the catalyst without explaining the position of the synergy maximum.
Implicit Finite-Difference Computations of Unsteady Transonic Flows about Airfoils (1977)

A computer code, LTRAN2, has been constructed that efficiently computes low-frequency unsteady transonic flows about airfoils in motion. The code solves the two-dimensional, nonlinear, low-frequency, smalldisturbance equation by an alternating-direction implicit (ADI) algorithm. The underlying theory of the governing equation and the construction of the solution algorithm are discussed. As a check on the code, solutions computed for the linear low-frequency small-disturbance equation are compared with known answers from linear theory. Then nonlinear results are presented, and Tijdeman's experimental observations of shock wave motions resulting from airfoil flap oscillations are qualitatively reproduced computationally. These computations compare favorably with those of Magnus and Yoshihara and are obtained in substantially less computer time.
Fine-Resolution Voxel S Values for Constructing Absorbed Dose Distributions at Variable Voxel Size (2010)

This new VSV approach enables the calculation of absorbed dose based on a SPECT or PET cumulated activity map, with good agreement with direct MC methods, in a faster and more clinically compatible manner.
Higher thrombin concentrations are required to induce platelet apoptosis than to induce platelet activation (2007)

Primarily known as an inducer of blood coagulation and platelet activation, thrombin also triggers platelet apoptosis. This study demonstrated that the platelet activation response is much more sensitive than platelet apoptosis to thrombin treatment. Thrombin concentrations of 0.5-1 nmol/l activated almost all platelets, but only a small fraction underwent apoptosis, suggesting that at these relatively low thrombin concentrations, platelets may perform haemostasis but not be involved in programmed cell death. At high thrombin concentrations of 10-100 nmol/l, generated during blood coagulation, 30-40% of platelets became apoptotic, indicating that hypercoagulable states may be associated with increased numbers of apoptotic platelets.
Industrial Applications of X-Ray Techniques (1955)

The attempt has been made to give a general picture of the field covered by x-ray equipment for industrial applications rather than to give detailed information about specific applications. The wide assortment of such applications calls for a wide variety of equipment designs and much specialized knowledge on the designers' part, not only of x-ray physics but of electrical and electronic apparatus and circuitry and of the particular industrial field for which the equipmnent is intended to be applied.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL‐METAL BONDING IN REDUCED SCANDIUM HALIDES. SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF SCANDIUM MONOCHLORIDE (1977)

Abstract Durch mehrwöchiges Erhitzen von ScCl 3 mit überschüssigem metallischem Sc in einem geschlossenen Ta‐Rohr auf ca. 900°C wurde ScCl dargestellt.
Damage detection in composite materials using Lamb wave methods (2002)

Cost-effective and reliable damage detection is critical for the utilization of composite materials. This paper presents part of an experimental and analytical survey of candidate methods for in situ damage detection of composite materials. Experimental results are presented for the application of Lamb wave techniques to quasi-isotropic graphite/epoxy test specimens containing representative damage modes, including delamination, transverse ply cracks and through-holes. Linear wave scans were performed on narrow laminated specimens and sandwich beams with various cores by monitoring the transmitted waves with piezoceramic sensors. Optimal actuator and sensor configurations were devised through experimentation, and various types of driving signal were explored. These experiments provided a procedure capable of easily and accurately determining the time of flight of a Lamb wave pulse between an actuator and sensor. Lamb wave techniques provide more information about damage presence and severity than previously tested methods (frequency response techniques), and provide the possibility of determining damage location due to their local response nature. These methods may prove suitable for structural health monitoring applications since they travel long distances and can be applied with conformable piezoelectric actuators and sensors that require little power.
Modeling whale entanglement injuries: An experimental study of tissue compliance, line tension, and draw‐length (2008)

Abstract Two test systems were developed to evaluate the influence of draw‐length and tissue compliance on entanglement‐induced epidermal abrasion in humpback ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) and right whale ( Eubalaena glacialis ) tissue samples. Under straight pull abrasion tests, an adult right whale fluke required 3.7 times the load and 15 times the draw‐length of a right whale calf flipper to induce epidermal failure whereas a humpback fluke was intermediate between these extremes. A load applied tangentially to the leading edge of the fluke or flipper resulted in a substantial, but reversible, deflection of the leading edge in the direction of the applied load. The maximum possible deformation of the leading edge under shear load, prior to the line slipping relative to the skin, was defined as the tissue compliance limit. Oscillatory abrasion tests revealed that line draw‐lengths exceeding the tissue compliance limit resulted in substantially increased tissue abrasion. In actual entanglements, line draw‐length relative to the tissue compliance may determine if the line will cut into the body or simply press against the skin. Increasing the entangling line's ability to stretch in response to a load could potentially minimize sliding of the line relative to the skin and help mitigate entanglement injuries.