gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrocatalytic aspects of iron phthalocyanine and its .mu.-oxo derivatives dispersed on high surface area carbon (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrocatalytic aspects of iron phthalocyanine and its .mu.-oxo derivatives dispersed on high surface area carbonA. A. Tanaka, C. Fierro, D. Scherson, and E. B. YaegerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 14, 3799–3807Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100298a016https://doi.org/10.1021/j100298a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views830Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Miniature tactical assembly for bidirectional systems (1992)

Based on previous experience with air deployable fiber-optic systems, a ruggedized single- fiber cable has been developed to meet new requirements presented by such applications as robotics and radar remoting. Both multimode and single-mode versions of the cable were developed. They are terminated with a militarized connector whose design built upon previous commercial developments. To minimize the size of the termination, an adaptation of the commercial ST<SUP>TM</SUP> connector was inserted into a protective housing that provides mechanical and environmental performance stability dictated by system designers. In addition, the challenging requirement of hermaphrodicity was attained. Assemblies were fully tested in accordance with an approved test plan.
Investigation of aqueous biphasic systems formed from solutions of chaotropic salts with kosmotropic salts (salt–salt ABS) (2006)

A study of salt–salt aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) was conducted to increase our understanding of solutions of kosmotropic vs. chaotropic salts, especially since most ionic liquids (ILs) fall within the latter class. The salting-out strength of the kosmotropic salts follows the well established Hofmeister series, as observed in polymer–salt ABS, and can be directly related to the ions' Gibbs free energies of hydration (ΔGhyd). Most currently studied ILs are designed to have chaotropic cations and are thus salted-out by kosmotropic salts. Here, we describe the phase diagrams for imidazolium-, pyridium-, and quaternary ammonium- and phosphonium-based chloride salts (all chaotropic salts) salted-out by K3PO4, K2HPO4, K2CO3, KOH, and (NH4)2SO4 (all kosmotropic salts). The Gibbs free energy of methylene transfer (ΔGCH2) was also determined for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl)/K3PO4, K2HPO4, and K2CO3 ABS. The latter results are in the range of an ethanol–water to a chloroform–water system, and can be controlled predominately by the system composition.
Rtips: fast and accurate tools for RNA 2D structure prediction using integer programming (2012)

We present a web-based tool set Rtips for fast and accurate prediction of RNA 2D complex structures. Rtips comprises two computational tools based on integer programming, IPknot for predicting RNA secondary structures with pseudoknots and RactIP for predicting RNA-RNA interactions with kissing hairpins. Both servers can run much faster than existing services with the same purpose on large data sets as well as being at least comparable in prediction accuracy. The Rtips web server along with the stand-alone programs is freely accessible at http://rna.naist.jp/.
Electrochemical Measurement of the Depth-profile of Cr Depletion Layer near the Surface of SUS 304 Oxidized in Air at 1, 273K (1984)

The author previously proposed the speedy and easy electrochemical measurement of the depth-profile of Cr near the surface of Fe-Cr alloy, and so in this work, the validity of this measurement was evaluated by comparing the depth-profile of Cr measured by this method with that calculated from evapolation model. SUS 304 specimens were oxidized in air at 1, 273K, and after removing only oxide film by careful polishing, polarized at 1.40V (SCE) (transpassive region) in 10% H3PO4 (323K, air open) in order to measure the It, p (10-3A·cm-2)-Q(C·cm-2) curves. From these curves, the experimental depth-profiles of Cr were obtained by converting It, p into Cr concentration and Q into depth. Comparing experimental and theoretical depth-profiles of Cr, the best fit values of the lattice interdiffusion coefficient, D, in the SUS 304 and the interface transfer coefficient, α, of Cr were estimated by a least squares method of computer simulation. The estimated values of D and α were in good agreement with those obtained in previous work.
Intercalation and Stitching of Graphite Oxide with Diaminoalkanes (2007)

The intercalation reaction of graphite oxide with diaminoalkanes, with the general formula H2N(CH2)nNH2 (n = 4−10), was studied as a method for synthesizing pillared graphite with tailored interlayer spacing. Interlayer spacings from 0.8 to 1.0 nm were tailored by varying the size of the intercalant from (CH2)4 to (CH2)10. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy were used to confirm intercalation, and the frequency of the CH2 stretch confirmed that the intercalants are in a disordered state, with an important contribution from the gauche conformer. Sequential intercalation of diaminoalkanes followed by dodecylamine demonstrated the inability of these “stitched” systems to undergo expansion along the c-direction, indicative of cross-linking. Finally, the reaction of graphite oxide with diaminoalkanes under reflux and for extended periods (>72 h) resulted in the chemical reduction of the graphite oxide to a disordered graphitic structure.
Toward Joint Person-Machine Cognitive Systems: A Prototype Expert System for Electronics Troubleshooting (1985)

Expert systems have a number of attractive features that make them good candidates for the development of maintenance diagnostic aids. However the style of user-expert system interaction that is conventionally employed tends to be rigid, making the systems prone to many of the same pitfalls that other forms of job performance aids have been subject to. We review some of the limitations of the conventional style of user-expert system interaction, and describe a prototype expert system for electronics troubleshooting that allows users more control over the interaction.
Correlation of retinoid binding affinity to retinoic acid receptor alpha with retinoid inhibition of growth of estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells. (1995)

Both anchorage-dependent growth and anchorage-independent growth of the estrogen receptor-positive mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7 are inhibited by all-trans-retinoic acid. This cell line has nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) alpha and gamma. The natural retinoids all-trans-retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid and a series of 12 conformationally restricted retinoids, which showed a range of binding selectivities for these receptors and had either agonist or antagonist activity for gene transcriptional activation by the RARs, were evaluated for their abilities to inhibit anchorage-dependent (adherent) and anchorage-independent (clonal) growth of MCF-7 cells. Correlation analyses were performed to relate growth inhibition by these retinoids with their binding affinity to RAR alpha or RAR gamma. Inhibition of anchorage-dependent growth in culture after 7 days of retinoid treatment correlated with binding to RAR alpha (n = 14; P < or = 0.001) and not to RAR gamma (n = 14; P > 0.1). Both the RAR alpha-selective retinoid agonists and the two RAR antagonists that were evaluated inhibited adherent cell growth. The RAR gamma-selective agonists had very low growth inhibitory activity (< 10%) at concentrations as high as 12.5 microM. These results suggest that RAR alpha is the retinoid receptor involved in the inhibition of adherent cell growth by retinoids and that transcriptional activation by this receptor on a RAR response element does not appear to be required for this process to occur. For this series of retinoids, inhibition of anchorage-independent growth after 21 days of retinoid treatment only correlated (n = 12; P < or = 0.005) with binding affinity to RAR alpha for the retinoid agonists, although the RAR gamma-selective retinoids displayed weak activity. The RAR antagonists were very poor inhibitors of growth. These results suggest that activation of gene transcription by RAR alpha appears to be required for inhibition of anchorage-independent growth by retinoids in this estrogen receptor-positive mammary carcinoma cell line.
Pyridazine Derivatives, IX. Synthesis of 2H-Pyridazin-3-ones with Aroylpiperazinyl Groups (1990)

Several 2H-pyridazin-3-ones with phenylor 2-furoylpiperazinyl group, have been prepared.6-~heny?-5-1~~-aroyl-fl~-pipeeazinyl]-2~pyridazin-3-ones were obtained by nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atom of B-phenyl-5-chloro-2B-pyridazin-3-one or alternatively, by hroylhtion of N1-piperazinyl-28-pyridazin-3-one.Also, 6-phen~l-5-(3~-aroyl-~'-piperazinylmethy1)-2B-pyridazin-3-ones were prepared by displacement of the bromine in 6-phenyl-5-bramomethy1-2H-pyridhzin-3-one.It is known that a series of 2H-pyridazin-3-ones of general formula I have antihypertensive properties112 experiments with a relatively large number of structural variations have shown that the substitution at position 5 (e.8.5-CH3) is favourable to these pr~perties.~It has also been noted that there is an N-aro?l~i?erazine moiety in several drugs acting an the cardiovascular system including the ol-adrenerbic blocker prazosin (II), and its benzothiadiazine analogue3 (III), losulazine4 (IV), and vesnarinone5 (V).
Computational methods for large molecules and localized states in solids : proceedings of a symposium, held May 15-17, 1972, at the IBM Research Laboratory, San Jose, California (1973)

Welcoming Remarks.- 1. Scientific Challenges I.- Introductory Remarks.- Quantum Chemistry. Theory of Geometries and Energies of Small Molecules.- Organic Transition States.- Solid State Concepts in Radiation Chemistry and Biology.- Molecular Modeling by Computer.- 2. Scientific Challenges II.- Introductory Remarks.- Structural Characteristics and Electronic States of Hemoglobin.- Molecular Theory of Nucleation.- 3. Computational Methods I.- Approximations for Large-Molecule Calculations.- AB Initio Computation of Molecular Structures Through Configuration Interaction.- Approximate Methods in Quantum Chemistry.- LCAO-MO Cluster Model for Localized States in Covalent Solids.- Description of Molecules in Terms of Localized Orbitals.- 4. Computational Methods II.- Introductory Remarks.- The SCF-X? Scattered-Wave Method.- The Orbital Correction Method.- Panel Discussion on Computational Methods.- AB Initio SCF Calculations of the Carbazole and 2,4,7-Trinitro-9-Fluorenone (TNF) Molecules.- 5. Localized States and Disordered Solids I.- Surface States and Leed.- Wannier Functions.- Developments in Localized Pseudopotential Methods.- Localized Defects in Semiconductors.- Transmission of Electrons Through a Disordered Array of Potentials.- 6. Localized States and Disordered Solids II.- Introductory Remarks.- Electronic Structure of Amorphous Semiconductors.- Some Polytypes of Germanium and a Tight Binding Model for the Electronic Structure of Amorphous Solids.- Coexistence of Localized and Extended States?.- Cluster Scattering in Amorphous Semiconductors and Liquid Metals.- Properties of Localized States in Disordered Materials.- 7. Banquet Speech.- Are There Cults of Theoreticians?.- 8. Symposium Summary.- Summary and Concluding Remarks.- List of Contributors.
Emergence of giant strongly connected componentsin continuum disk-spin percolation (2016)

We propose a continuum model of percolation in two dimensions for overlapping disks with spin. In this model the existence of bonds is determined by the distance between the centers of the disks, and by the scalar product of the (randomly) directed spin with the direction of the vector connecting the centers of neighboring disks. The direction of a single spin is controlled by a temperature, representing the amount of polarization of the spins in the direction of an external field. Our model is inspired by biological neuronal networks and aims to characterize their topological properties when axonal guidance plays a major role. We numerically study the phase diagram of the model observing the emergence of a giant strongly connected component, representing the portion of neurons that are causally connected. We provide strong evidence that the critical exponents depend on the temperature.
Effect of Composition on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steels in Boiling MgCl<SUB>2</SUB> Solutions of Various Concentrations (1975)

The effect of composition on SCC of austenitic stainless steel has been investigated in various boiling MgCl2 solutions. The stress applied was a constant load of 25 kg/mm2. The relation between the boiling point of MgCl2 solution (concentration of MgCl2) and the time to fracture was determined. The results obtained are as follows:(1) Commercial stainless steels show the maximum susceptibility to SCC over a certain concentration range of boiling MgCl2 solutions.(2) The sensitized stainless steel suffers intergranular stress corrosion cracking in low-concentration boiling MgCl2 solutions.(3) Based on a study of the effect of component elements, it is found that the boiling point of MgCl2 for the minimum time to fracture is shifted to lower temperatures in presence of C and Si and to higher temperatures in presence of Mo, N, P, Cr and Cu, while Ni decreases the susceptibility to SCC over the whole temperature range investigated.(4) The time to fracture consisted of the induction time and the propagation time. The mechanism of SCC is also discussed here.
Geriatric syndromes: medical misnomer or progress in geriatrics? (2003)

Both in geriatric and internal medicine journals, and in medical textbooks certain (aggregates of) symptoms are labelled as 'geriatric syndromes'. In frail elderly patients a large number of diseases present with well-known and highly prevalent atypical symptoms (e.g. immobility, instability, impaired cognition and incontinence), which are referred to as geriatric syndromes. While classically the term syndrome is used for grouping together multiple symptoms with a single pathogenetic pathway, geriatric syndrome primarily refers to one symptom or a complex of symptoms with high prevalence in geriatrics, resulting from multiple diseases and multiple risk factors. The geriatric workup should therefore consist of both a search for and treatment of the aetiologically related diseases and a risk factor assessment and reduction. Effectiveness and efficiency of this specific geriatric syndrome workup has been demonstrated predominantly for combinations of geriatric syndromes that often serve as targeting criteria for geriatric interventions, and for some specific geriatric syndromes. Therefore, we argue that the concept of geriatric syndromes is valuable as a theoretical frame, a directive for diagnostic analysis and as an educational tool in teaching geriatrics to medical students and trainees. Added to this, explaining the heterogeneous way 'syndrome' is used in current clinical practice, as opposed to 'disease', will also substantially improve clinical reasoning both in geriatrics and general internal medicine.
Rapid, electronic measurement system for determination of dc flow resistances (1986)

A measurement system will be described which allows dc flow resistances (1 to 104 cgs ohms) of various samples to be determined quickly and accurately. Variable-capacitance pressure transducers are used to measure pressure differences across both the test sample and a laminar flow element with known resistance (these being in series), so that the unknown resistance can be calculated directly. The rate of flow of air through the sample is adjusted using a mass flow controller; flows of 10−3−1 cm3/s can be contolled to better than 1%. The use of these electronic sensors permits measurements of flow resistance to be made much faster than with the traditional Leonard device. Initial measurements of flow resistance (i.e., the zero frequency limit of acoustic resistance) have been made on small, circular orifices in thin plates.
The 2011 Joint Sino–U.K. Protein Symposium (2011)

As part of the celebrations marking its Centenary, the Biochemical Society held a joint meeting in Shanghai with the Chinese Protein Society to commemorate the many long-standing collaborations between biochemists from the U.K. and China. Under the overall theme of structural biology of proteins, presentations covering both historical and current research were given by a number of leading biochemists from both countries. Papers based on these talks have been prepared for this issue of Biochemical Society Transactions.
Neonatal colonization of mice with Lactobacillus plantarum producing the aeroallergen Bet v 1 biases towards Th1 and T-regulatory responses upon systemic sensitization (2010)

Intervention at birth with a live recombinant L. plantarum producing a clinically relevant allergen reduces experimental allergy and might therefore become an effective strategy for early intervention against the onset of allergic diseases.
A novel region of the α4 integrin subunit with a modulatory role in VLA-4-mediated cell adhesion to fibronectin (1997)

The integrin VLA-4 (alpha4 beta1) is a receptor for fibronectin and vascular cell-adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Four functionally different epitopes, designated A, B1, B2 and C, have previously been defined on the alpha4 subunit. Using K562 alpha4 mutant transfectants we found that alpha4 amino acids Tyr151, Gln152, Asp153, Tyr154 and Val155 are important for the structure of the epitope B2. Mutations at alpha4 Gln152 substantially impaired the transfectant adhesion to a CS-1-containing fragment of fibronectin (FN-H89), whereas this adhesion was not affected on the other alpha4 mutant transfectants. None of the alpha4 mutations significantly altered the adhesion of the different alpha4 transfectants to VCAM-1. In addition, we have identified residues Gln152, Asp153 and Tyr154 as part of the alpha4 epitope B2 involved in homotypic cell aggregation. The decrease in adhesion to FN-H89 shown by Gln152 alpha4 mutant transfectants was the result of an inefficient binding of FN-H89 by VLA-4 mutated at this residue. Also, mutant VLA-4 displayed an altered reactivity with HUTS-21, an anti-beta1 monoclonal antibody that reacts with functionally active VLA integrins. Adhesion to FN-H89 was not restored unless stimuli that increase the ligand-binding affinity of VLA heterodimers were added, suggesting that cell adhesion was affected in the initial phases. These results indicate that alpha4 Gln152 modulates cell adhesion to FN-H89 by playing important roles in the maintenance and/or the acquisition of an active state of VLA-4, an integrin that is normally expressed on the cell surface in a range of multiple activation states. The location of the alpha4 Gln152 residue on a loop of the upper surface of the proposed beta-propeller structure suggests a close association with potential ligand-binding sites.
The mutual diffusion coefficient of ethanol–water mixtures: determination by a rapid, new method (1974)

Abstract Mutual diffusion coefficients for liquid mixtures of ethanol and water have been measured over the entire range of composition and for temperatures from 25 to 65 °C at a pressure of 1 bar (105 Pa). At the lowest temperature, the results establish the validity of a new experimental method based upon Taylor’s analysis of solute dispersion in laminar flow. The method offers advantages of simplicity and speed over other techniques, and allows direct measurement of diffusion coefficients at well-defined mixture compositions. The experimental data have an estimated uncertainty of ±2.5% . The results have been utilized to evaluate friction coefficients arising in the statistical mechanical theory of transport in liquid mixtures.
Fault diagnosis under uncertain situations within a Bayesian knowledge-intensive CBR system (2021)

Abstract This paper presents fault diagnosis and problem solving under uncertainty by a Bayesian supported knowledge-intensive case-based reasoning (CBR) system called BNCreek. In this system, the main goal is to diagnose the causal failures behind the symptoms in complex and uncertain domains. The system’s architecture is described in three aspects: the general, structural, and functional architectures. The domain knowledge is represented by formally defined methods. An integration of semantic networks, Bayesian networks, and CBR is employed to deal with the domain uncertainty. An experiment is conducted from the oil well drilling domain, which is a complex and uncertain area as an application domain. The system is evaluated against the expert estimations to find the most efficient solutions for the problems. The obtained results reveal the capability of the system in diagnosing causal failures.
Optical models of the human eye (2016)

Optical models of the human eye have been used in visual science for purposes such as providing a framework for explaining optical phenomena in vision, for predicting how refraction and aberrations are affected by change in ocular biometry, and as having computational tools for exploring the limitations imposed on vision by the optical system of the eye. We address the issue of what is understood by optical model eyes, discussing the “encyclopedia” and “toy train” approaches to modelling. An extensive list of purposes of models is provided. We discuss many of the theoretical types of optical models (also schematic eyes) of varying anatomical accuracy, including single, three and four refracting surface variants. We cover the models with lens structure in the form of nested shells and gradient index. Many optical eye models give accurate predictions only for small angles and small fields of view; if aberrations and image quality are important to consider, such paraxial model eyes must be replaced by finite model eyes incorporating features such as aspheric surfaces, tilts and decentrations, wavelength-dependent media and curved retinas. Many optical model eyes are population averages, and must become adaptable to account for age, gender, ethnicity, refractive error and accommodation. They can also be customised for the individual when extensive ocular biometry and optical performance data are available. We consider which optical model should be used for a particular purpose, adhering to the principle that the best model is the simplest fit for the task. We provide a glimpse into the future of optical models of the human eye. This review is interwoven with historical developments, highlighting the important people who have contributed so richly to our understanding of visual optics.