gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND cGMP ON MEMBRANE FLUIDITY OF FROG ROD OUTER SEGMENTS* (1979)

Abstract—We have used a spin‐labeled fatty acid to detect changes induced by light and by cGMP in isolated rod outer segment membranes. We chose a spin probe (5‐doxylstearic acid) which has the nitroxide group placed on the hydrocarbon chain, so the probe should reside somewhat inside the hydrophobic region of the membrane. We found that light exposures which bleached the rhodopsin also produced a small change in the EPR spectra. The spectral changes are consistent with a small increase in membrane fluidity. Light exposures which bleach rhodopsin are known to activate a phosphodiesterase that markedly decreases the cGMP level in rod outer segment. Therefore, we attempted to vary cGMP levels directly by adding Bu 2 ‐cGMP, or indirectly, by adding IBMX, CDTA or ATP to try to inhibit the phosphodiesterase. In each case where the cGMP level is expected to increase, we observed spectral changes in the dark which suggested a small decrease in membrane fluidity. Thus, all of our results with this probe are consistent with the idea that changing the level of cGMP produces changes in membrane fluidity. The light‐induced spectral changes we observed required the presence of ATP, and were inhibited by 2m M Ca 2+ , or by the chelator of divalent cations, CDTA.
Abstract 1726: Targeting pancreatic cancer stem cells by afatinib in organoid culture (2016)

Abstract Introduction: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the third leading cause of cancer related deaths in United States and has a 5 year survival rate of 7.2%. Current front line therapy for PC includes Gemcitabine, 5FU and Abraxane. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subpopulation in cancer comprising of less than 5% of total cancer cells, are responsible for therapy resistance and aggressive metastasis resulting in poor prognosis of cancer including PC. It has already been established that EGFR family members (EGFR and HER2) are involved in CSC maintenance. Therefore, CSCs are important target to reduce the drug resistance and aggressiveness. Afatinib is an FDA approved pan-EGFR inhibitor. Our major goal is to use afatinib to target pancreatic CSC and understand the mechanism of its action. Methods: After identifying the IC50 by MTT assay, PC cell lines (Capan1 and SW1990) were treated with afatinib and gemcitabine and cell lysates were analyzed by western blotting (WB) for EGFR family members and CSC markers like Shh, SOX2, Aldh1 and CD133.CSCs or Side Population (SP) were analyzed in afatinib and gemcitabine treated Capan1 cells by Hoechst based FACS analysis. Hoechst based FACS was used to isolate SP/CSC and NSP (non-side population) from parental PC cell lines and their IC50 for gemcitabine and afatinib were determined. SP and NSP cells were subjected to drug treatments to determine alterations in EGFR family proteins and stem cell markers by WB. Tumor sphere assay (TSA) was performed to determine tumorigenic potential of SP/CSC and NSP fractions with and without drug treatments. We developed Tumor-Organoids from Kras;PdxCre (KC) mice and used them to test effect of afatinib in 3D culture system. Results: Our results showed significant decrease in SP/CSC fraction upon afatinib treatment and an enrichment of SP/CSC fraction on gemcitabine treatment. The SP/CSC cells showed higher sensitivity to afatinib and resistance towards gemcitabine when compared to parental cells suggesting specific targeting on SP/CSCs. Upon afatinib administration, we observed a reduction in phospho forms of EGFR family members and CSC markers like Sox2, Aldh1 and CD133 confirming functionality of the drug and its effect on pancreatic CSCs. A significant decrease was also observed in number and size of tumor spheres formed in vitro with both SP/CSC and NSP. We also confirmed a drastic reduction in the size and number of tumor-organoids following nine days of afatinib treatment compared to untreated controls. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a novel role of afatinib in targeting pancreatic CSCs and provide a scope to generate targeted therapy towards PC. Citation Format: Garima Kaushik, Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Muzafar A. Macha, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Surinder K. Batra. Targeting pancreatic cancer stem cells by afatinib in organoid culture. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1726.
Image Processing with Python Libraries (2023)

Today, computer vision is considered one of the most important sub-fields of artificial intelligence, due to the variety of its applications and capabilities to transfer the human ability to understand and describe a scene or image to the computer, so that it becomes able to recognize objects, shapes, colors, behavior and other capabilities of understanding the image. Image processing is one of the branches of computer science, and it is a way to perform some operations on an image in order to obtain an improved model for this image or extract some useful information from it. Often the data that is collected is primary data, meaning that it is not suitable for direct use in applications, so its need to analyze or pre-process it and then use it. For example: to build a data set that has been used in a model that classifies images as to whether they contain a house or not, depending on an image as input for this program. Our first step will be to collect hundreds of house images, but the problem is that these images will not be of the same dimensions, for example, so it’s to Change its dimensions, i.e., processing it in advance before submitting it to the model. The above is just one of the many reasons why image processing is important for any computer vision application
Convolutional Networks on Graphs for Learning Molecular Fingerprints (2015)

We introduce a convolutional neural network that operates directly on graphs. These networks allow end-to-end learning of prediction pipelines whose inputs are graphs of arbitrary size and shape. The architecture we present generalizes standard molecular feature extraction methods based on circular fingerprints. We show that these data-driven features are more interpretable, and have better predictive performance on a variety of tasks.
Long-Term Survival of Stanmore Total Hip Replacements Inserted with Radiolucent Bone Cement (2002)

Radio-opacifiers in bone cements are an accepted part of every-day practice. They have, however, been shown to be a potential cause of an increase in third body wear and to excite bone resorption in in vitro and in vivo studies. We reviewed the results of 228 consecutive Stanmore total hip replacements performed between 1981 and 1985 in 211 patients. All were inserted with radiolucent bone cement. Information regarding whether the prosthesis had been revised was available for all patients. Seventy-three patients (83 hips) were still alive and 41 patients (44 hips) were sufficiently healthy to attend clinic. Information regarding pain level was obtained from the remaining 32 patients. When revision of the implant was taken as the end-point, there was 95% ten-year survival, 91% fifteen-year survival and 75% eighteen-year survival. These long-term results of Stanmore THRs, performed in a district general hospital, with radiolucent bone cement, compare favourably with the other published series for this implant. We did not find the inability to see the bone cement a particular disadvantage when reviewing radiographs for signs of loosening.
Music selection using the PartyVote democratic jukebox (2008)

PartyVote is a democratic music jukebox designed to give all participants an equal influence on the music played at social gatherings or parties. PartyVote is designed to provide appropriate music in established social groups with minimal user interventions and no pre-existing user profiles. The visualization uses dimensionality reduction to show song similarity and overlays information about how votes affect the music played. Visualizing voting decisions allows users to link music selections with individuals, providing social awareness. Traditional group norms can subsequently be leveraged to maintain fair system use and empower users.
Spread-spectrum code acquisition in the presence of Doppler shift and data modulation (1990)

A spread-spectrum code acquisition technique for a direct-sequence (DS) system in the presence of Doppler effect and data modulation is investigated. Both the carrier-frequency offset and code-frequency offset due to severe Doppler effect are considered. The code-chip slipping during the correlation process caused by code-frequency offset can degrade the acquisition performance significantly. However, this issue can be alleviated by compensating code-frequency offset in an appropriate manner. Results are presented for the cases with and without data modulation. Coherent detection is considered when there is no data modulation. If data modulation is present, the authors partition the correlation time into subintervals and the integration results in these subintervals are square-law noncoherently combined for detection. The implementation of this code acquisition technique using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm is described. The use of theoretical results to estimate the hardware complexity of an actual system is illustrated step by step, showing that implementation is feasible with existing technology. The tradeoff between hardware complexity and acquisition performance is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Generation of extreme ultraviolet vortex beams using computer generated holograms (2011)

We fabricate computer generated holograms for the generation of phase singularities at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths using electron beam lithography and demonstrate their ability to generate optical vortices in the nonzero diffraction orders. To this end, we observe the characteristic intensity distribution of the vortex beam and verify the helical phase structure interferometrically. The presented method forms the basis for further studies on singular light fields in the EUV frequency range, i.e., in EUV interference lithography. Since the method is purely achromatic, it may also find applications in various fields of x ray optics.
Correction for Waterfield et al. , Rapid Virulence Annotation (RVA): Identification of virulence factors using a bacterial genome library and multiple invertebrate hosts (2009)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Laser Feedback Interferometry as a Tool for Analysis of Granular Materials at Terahertz Frequencies: Towards Imaging and Identification of Plastic Explosives (2016)

We propose a self-consistent method for the analysis of granular materials at terahertz (THz) frequencies using a quantum cascade laser. The method is designed for signals acquired from a laser feedback interferometer, and applied to non-contact reflection-mode sensing. Our technique is demonstrated using three plastic explosives, achieving good agreement with reference measurements obtained by THz time-domain spectroscopy in transmission geometry. The technique described in this study is readily scalable: replacing a single laser with a small laser array, with individual lasers operating at different frequencies will enable unambiguous identification of select materials. This paves the way towards non-contact, reflection-mode analysis and identification of granular materials at THz frequencies using quantum cascade lasers.
Mechanization of Fibrous-Structured Cheese Production Process. IV. Effect of Semimicroscopic Structure of Fibrous-Structured Cheese on Stringiness. (1992)

繊維構造チーズの品質は,これを引き裂いた時に観察される糸状物の多さで評価しており,この品質特性を繊維性と呼んでいる。繊維性は生成した糸状物の面積に対応し,糸状物の太さと数とで決定される。加熱処理した試料と保存した試料とを用い,繊維構造チーズの繊維性におよぼすセミミクロ構造の影響を,レオロジー的性質とあわせて考察した。セミミクロ構造を定量的に考察する指標として,脂肪球の円形度を測定した。加熱処理の温度が高く,または保存期間が長くなるにしたがって,繊維性は低下し,力学的な異方性は消滅し,細長く伸びていた脂肪は球形に近づいていった。これらを再度延伸した結果,加熱処理試料では繊維性,異方性および円形度が回復したのに対し,保存試料ではまったく回復しなかった。このことは,加熱処理試料のタンパク質の凝集状態は,加熱処理と再延伸を行う過程で変化しないのに対し,保存試料ではタンパク質が酵素によって分解されたことを反映していると推測した。繊維構造チーズの繊維性の発現には,レオロジー的性質に加え,方向性を持ったセミミクロ構造の形成が必要であると考えた。
Low-leakage and highly-reliable 1.5 nm SiON gate-dielectric using radical oxynitridation for sub-0.1 μm CMOS (2002)

We have developed a low-leakage and highly-reliable 1.5 nm SiON gate-dielectric by using radical oxynitridation. In this development, we introduce a new method for determining ultra-thin SiON gate-dielectric thickness based on the threshold voltage dependence on the substrate bias in MOSFETs. It was found that radical oxidation followed by radical nitridation provides 1.5 nm thick SiON in which leakage current is two orders of magnitude less than that of 1.5 nm thick SiO/sub 2/ without degrading device performance. The 1.5 nm thick SiON was also found to be ten times more reliable than 1.5 nm thick SiO/sub 2/.
Slow Release of NO by Microporous Titanosilicate ETS-4 (2011)

A novel approach to designing nitric oxide (NO) storage and releasing microporous agents based on very stable, zeolite-type silicates possessing framework unsaturated transition-metal centers has been proposed. This idea has been illustrated with ETS-4 [Na(9)Si(12)Ti(5)O(38)(OH)·xH(2)O], a titanosilicate that displays excellent NO adsorption capacity and a slow releasing kinetics. The performance of these materials has been compared to the performance of titanosilicate ETS-10, [(Na,K)(2)Si(5)TiO(13)·xH(2)O], of benchmark zeolites mordenite and CaA, and of natural and pillared clays. DFT periodic calculations have shown that the presence of water in the pores of ETS-4 promotes the NO adsorption at the unsaturated (pentacoordinated) Ti(4+) framework ions.
Cooling of PEMFC with pentane boiling in minichannels : A study of flow instabilities using neutron radiography visualization (2006)

Compared to other heat transfer systems, Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells are characterized by very low heat flux. In order to analyse two-phase pentane cooling of bipolar plates, high speed neutron visualizations have been performed in a circular steel tube (Di=1.1 mm, Do=2 mm) at the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble, France. The flow pattern is clearly visible and can be synchronized with time resolved temperature measurements. At low mass flow rates, the pipe wall is high above the saturation temperature and the pipe filled with vapour and liquid slugs. At higher flow rates, the wall is superheated when filled with liquid and at saturation temperature when exposed to a liquid-vapour mixture. An irregular switching between these two states was observed. Superheated liquid exists in both stable and time dependent states. The ?-radiation produced by the neutrons is shown to have an important effect on the boiling process. Simplified steady and time dependent models are proposed to explain the measured wall temperature instabilities and superheat.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAKIS(TRICARBONYL‐η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYLDIMOLYBDENUM MERCURY), A METAL CLUSTER WITH CUBANE STRUCTURE (1978)

Abstract Bei der Darstellung von Buten‐(2)‐yl‐cyclopentadienyltricarbonyl‐Mo aus dem Dimeren von Cyclopentadienyltricarbonyl‐Mo, Buten‐(2)‐ylchlorid und Na‐amalgam kann unter geeigneten Bedingungen die Titelverbindung (I) als Nebenprodukt säulenchromatographisch isoliert werden.
Health and Climate Benefits of Heat Adaptation Strategies in Single-Family Residential Buildings (2020)

As the frequency and severity of extreme heat increases with global climate change, residential buildings play a key role in defining personal temperature exposures. In recent decades, residential buildings have become the focus of energy efficiency and cost savings programs and initiatives. Residential buildings can also mitigate high indoor temperatures and heat-related health impacts, but these heat adaptation interventions have not been fully evaluated for their potential energy, climate, and health benefits. We aimed to quantify the health and climate benefits of energy and indoor temperature reductions that result from heat adaptation strategies applied to residential (specifically single-family detached built between 1990-2010) buildings in 10 U.S. cities. Building energy models were used to simulate energy reduction retrofits, including changing roof reflectivity, adding window overhangs, improving window properties, and roof/wall insulation, as well as the addition of shade trees and indoor phase change materials. We used the building simulation results to estimate attendant reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) and criteria air pollution (AP) emissions from the electrical grid, and used the damage estimates to evaluate the resulting climate and health benefits. Under light and deep retrofit scenarios respectively, we estimate that the simulated heat adaptation retrofits in this subset of relatively new buildings have the potential to yield $1.10 or $1.57 billion in direct utilities savings. There is an additional $462.9 million ($301.3 - $909.9 million) or $692.8 million ($442.6 million - $1.385 billion) in climate and health benefits, due to avoided GHG and AP emissions. Put simply, the climate and health benefits may account for an additional 42-44% of the direct utility savings, on average. Climate and health benefits were generally highest for adaptations simulated in hot climates (Dallas, TX and Houston, TX) or in areas with dirtier fuel mixes (Chicago, IL and Philadelphia, PA). When climate and health savings are included, the payback periods of these interventions can decrease by nearly half. We also discuss the potential additional health benefits of reducing indoor temperatures during extreme heat. These significant savings from avoided climate and public health damages should be factored into climate adaptation decision making by stakeholders and policymakers.
Computational protein design enables a novel one-carbon assimilation pathway (2015)

We describe a computationally designed enzyme, formolase (FLS), which catalyzes the carboligation of three one-carbon formaldehyde molecules into one three-carbon dihydroxyacetone molecule. The existence of FLS enables the design of a new carbon fixation pathway, the formolase pathway, consisting of a small number of thermodynamically favorable chemical transformations that convert formate into a three-carbon sugar in central metabolism. The formolase pathway is predicted to use carbon more efficiently and with less backward flux than any naturally occurring one-carbon assimilation pathway. When supplemented with enzymes carrying out the other steps in the pathway, FLS converts formate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and other central metabolites in vitro. These results demonstrate how modern protein engineering and design tools can facilitate the construction of a completely new biosynthetic pathway.
A case for leveraging 802.11p for direct phone-to-phone communications (2014)

WiFi cannot effectively handle the demands of device-to-device communication between phones, due to insufficient range and poor reliability. We make the case for using IEEE 802.11p DSRC instead, which has been adopted for vehicle-to-vehicle communications, providing lower latency and longer range. We demonstrate a prototype motivated by a novel fabrication process that deposits both III-V and CMOS devices on the same die. In our system prototype, the designed RF front-end is interfaced with a baseband processor on an FPGA, connected to Android phones. It consumes 0.02uJ/bit across 100m assuming free space. Application-level power control dramatically reduces power consumption by 47-56%.
Genetic analysis of lithium-associated parathyroid tumors (2002)

This is, to our knowledge, the first genetic analysis of parathyroid tumors in lithium-associated HPT patients. Our data indicated that the majority of lithium-associated parathyroid tumors do not contain gross chromosomal alterations and suggest that in most cases the tumorigenic pathway is independent of MEN1 and genes at 1p34.3-pter and 1q21-q32. It is possible that other discrete genetic alterations or epigenetic changes, not screened for in this study, could also be responsible for parathyroid tumorigenesis in lithium-associated HPT.
Improved lipid profile and cardiovascular risk factors after bariatric surgery (2018)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Canonical Inflammasomes Drive IFN-γ to Prime Caspase-11 in Defense against a Cytosol-Invasive Bacterium (2020)

SummaryThe inflammatory caspases 1 and 11 are activated in response to different agonists and act independently to induce pyroptosis. In the context of IL-1β/IL-18 secretion, however, in vitro studies indicate that caspase-11 acts upstream of NLRP3 and caspase-1. By contrast, studying infection in vivo by the cytosol-invasive bacterium Burkholderia thailandensis, we find that caspase-1 activity is required upstream of caspase-11 to control infection. Caspase-1-activated IL-18 induces IFN-γ to prime caspase-11 and rapidly clear B. thailandensis infection. In the absence of IL-18, bacterial burdens persist, eventually triggering other signals that induce IFN-γ. Whereas IFN-γ was essential, endogenous type I interferons were insufficient to prime caspase-11. Although mice transgenic for caspase-4, the human ortholog of caspase-11, cleared B. thailandensis in vivo, they did not strictly require IFN-γ priming. Thus, caspase-1 provides priming signals upstream of caspase-11 but not caspase-4 during murine defense against a cytosol-invasive bacterium.
A Numerical Approach to the Diagnosis of Sucker Rod Pumping Installations and its Verification with Downhole Pump Field Measurements (1989)

ABSTRACT Most current diagnostic techniques that stablish downhole conditions from polished rod measurements, are based on simplified analytical solutions and thus have inherent limitations. In the present investigation these limitations are fully explored and a new diagnostic approach, based on the method of characteristics, is introduced in order to overcome said limitations. This new approach is more flexible (since it can be easily extended to include deviated and directional wells), allows the estimation of computational error, yields a more accurate downhole load estimation and compares very favorably with state-of-the-art codes. A specially designed Downhole Instrumentation Unit (DIU) was used to obtain downhole measurements (at the, pump) in a test performed in a 5625 feet deep rod pumped well. The DIU is a microprocessor based 5 feet long "intelligent sucker rod" that can be screwed in anywhere along the rod string. The results of this test show that the diagnostic technique using the method of characteristics provides a very good estimation of actual loads along the rod string and at the subsurface pump.
Laparoscopic Surgery for Acute Diffuse Peritonitis Due to Gastrointestinal Perforation: A Nationwide Epidemiologic Study Using the National Clinical Database (2021)

The use of laparoscopy is becoming common in surgery for acute diffuse peritonitis due to gastrointestinal perforation. This approach may be a useful option for acute diffuse peritonitis.
Zum thermischen Verhalten von Aluminiumfluoridhydroxidhydrat AlF2,3(OH)0,7(H2O) (1992)

Abstract Der thermische Abbau von AlF 2,3 (OH) 0,7 (H 2 O) wird wesentlich durch den Partialdruck der gasförmigen Reaktionsprodukte bestimmt und erfolgt in drei sich überlagernden Reaktionsstufen, nämlich Entwässerung, Bildung von röntgenamorphen Al 2 O 3 und metastabilen β‐AlF 3 sowie Bildung von α‐AlF 3 und α‐Al 2 O 3 . Daneben erfolgt ein F/OH‐Austausch. Das Verdampfungsverhalten wird durch Art der Tiegel sowie Druckbedingungen deutlich beeinflußt, was auch durch simultane TG‐MS‐Untersuchungen gezeigt wird. Hauptkomponenten der Gasphase sind H 2 O und HF. HAlF 4 und H 2 AlF 5 werden als Gaskomplexe beobachtet.