gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorine Chemistry Special Feature (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTFluorine Chemistry Special FeatureFrederic Leroux, Mark Ford*, and Sergiy Pazenok*View Author Information CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7509, SynCat, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France Bayer CropScience AG, Industriepark Höchst G836, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred-Nobel Straße 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Org. Process Res. Dev. 2014, 18, 8, 980Publication Date (Web):July 29, 2014Publication History Published online29 July 2014Published inissue 15 August 2014https://doi.org/10.1021/op500216sCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1192Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (115 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Agrochemicals,Fluorine,Green chemistry,Molecules,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Testing and Monitoring Nanoscale Systems - Challenges and Strategies for Advanced Quality Assurance (2007)

Abstract – The increased number of fabrication defects, spatial and temporal variability of parameters, as well as the growing impact of soft errors in nanoelectronic systems require a paradigm shift in design, verification and test. A robust design becomes mandatory to ensure dependable systems and acceptable yields. Design robustness, however, invalidates many traditional approaches for testing and implies enormous challenges. The RealTest Project addresses these problems for nanoscale CMOS and targets unified design and test strategies to support both a robust design and a coordinated quality assurance after manufacturing and during the lifetime of a system. The paper first gives a short overview of the research activities within the project and then focuses on a first result concerning soft errors in combinational logic. It will be shown that common electrical models for particle strikes in random logic have underestimated the effects on the system behavior. The refined model developed within the RealTest Project predicts about twice as many single events upsets (SEUs) caused by particle strikes as traditional models. 1
Clinical assessment of CYP2D6‐mediated herb–drug interactions in humans: Effects of milk thistle, black cohosh, goldenseal, kava kava, St. John's wort, andEchinacea (2008)

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), an important CYP isoform with regard to drug-drug interactions, accounts for the metabolism of approximately 30% of all medications. To date, few studies have assessed the effects of botanical supplementation on human CYP2D6 activity in vivo. Six botanical extracts were evaluated in three separate studies (two extracts per study), each incorporating 16 healthy volunteers (eight females). Subjects were randomized to receive a standardized botanical extract for 14 days on separate occasions. A 30-day washout period was interposed between each supplementation phase. In study 1, subjects received milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa). In study 2, kava kava (Piper methysticum) and goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) extracts were administered, and in study 3 subjects received St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) and Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea). The CYP2D6 substrate, debrisoquine (5 mg), was administered before and at the end of supplementation. Pre- and post-supplementation phenotypic trait measurements were determined for CYP2D6 using 8-h debrisoquine urinary recovery ratios (DURR). Comparisons of pre- and post-supplementation DURR revealed significant inhibition (approximately 50%) of CYP2D6 activity for goldenseal, but not for the other extracts. Accordingly, adverse herb-drug interactions may result with concomitant ingestion of goldenseal supplements and drugs that are CYP2D6 substrates.
Similarities and Differences in Arterial Responses to Hypercapnia and Visual Stimulation (2010)

Despite the different origins of cerebrovascular activity induced by neurogenic and nonneurogenic conditions, a standard assumption in functional studies is that the consequence on the vascular system will be mechanically similar. Using a recently developed arterial spin labeling method, we examined arterial blood volume, arterial-microvascular transit time, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the gray matter and in areas with large arterial vessels under hypercapnia, visual stimulation, and a combination of the two. Spatial heterogeneity in arterial reactivity was observed between conditions. During hypercapnia, large arterial volume changes contributed to CBF increase and further downstream, there were reductions in the gray matter transit time. These changes were not significant during visual stimulation, and during the combined condition they were moderated. These findings suggest distinct vascular mechanisms for large and small arterial segments that may be condition specific. However, the power relationships between gray matter arterial blood volume and CBF in hypercapnia (α=0.69±0.24) and visual stimulation (α=0.68±0.20) were similar. Assuming consistent capillary and venous volume responses across these conditions, these results offer support for a consistent total CBV-flow relationship typically assumed in blood oxygen-level dependent calibration techniques.
A new approach to visual servoing in robotics (1992)

Vision-based control in robotics based on considering a vision system as a specific sensor dedicated to a task and included in a control servo loop is described. Once the necessary modeling stage is performed, the framework becomes one of automatic control, and stability and robustness questions arise. State-of-the-art visual servoing is reviewed, and the basic concepts for modeling the concerned interactions are given. The interaction screw is thus defined in a general way, and the application to images follows. Starting from the concept of task function, the general framework of the control is described, and stability results are recalled. The concept of the hybrid task is presented and then applied to visual sensors. Simulation and experimental results are presented, and guidelines for future work are drawn in the conclusion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Unsaturated Fatty Acids Down-regulate SREBP Isoforms 1a and 1c by Two Mechanisms in HEK-293 Cells (2001)

Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are membrane-bound transcription factors that increase the synthesis of fatty acids as well as cholesterol in animal cells. All three SREBP isoforms (SREBP-1a, -1c, and -2) are subject to feedback regulation by cholesterol, which blocks their proteolytic release from membranes. Previous data indicate that the SREBPs are also negatively regulated by unsaturated fatty acids, but the mechanism is uncertain. In the current experiments, unsaturated fatty acids decreased the nuclear content of SREBP-1, but not SREBP-2, in cultured human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells. The potency of unsaturated fatty acids increased with increasing chain length and degree of unsaturation. Oleate, linoleate, and arachidonate were all effective, but the saturated fatty acids palmitate and stearate were not effective. Down-regulation occurred at two levels. The mRNAs encoding SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c were markedly reduced, and the proteolytic processing of these SREBPs was inhibited. When SREBP-1a was produced by a cDNA expressed from an independent promoter, unsaturated fatty acids reduced nuclear SREBP-1a without affecting the mRNA level. There was no effect when the cDNA encoded a truncated version that was not membrane-bound. When administered together, sterols and unsaturated fatty acids potentiated each other in reducing nuclear SREBP-1. In the absence of fatty acids, sterols did not cause a sustained reduction of nuclear SREBP-1, but they did reduce nuclear SREBP-2. We conclude that unsaturated fatty acids, as well as sterols, can down-regulate nuclear SREBPs and that unsaturated fatty acids have their greatest inhibitory effects on SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c, whereas sterols have their greatest inhibitory effects on SREBP-2.
Supplementary Table 3 from The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Abexinostat Induces Cancer Stem Cells Differentiation in Breast Cancer with Low <i>Xist</i> Expression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 54K, Karyotypes of BCLs&lt;/p&gt;
Optimal Self-Tuning Control for Data-Centers’ 48V-12V ZCS-STC (2020)

This paper presents a zero-current-switching (ZCS) control method with self-tuning capabilities employed on a 4-to-1 switched-tank converter (STC) for Google's and associated OCP standard data-centers. The control scheme ensures ZCS operation of each of the STC's resonant tanks individually, regardless of components mismatch, and adjusts the switching period upon variations of the components' values. The switching-state of the STC's resonators is evaluated at the turn-off instance by dedicated zero-current-detection indicator. Two approaches have been developed for the sensor's data acquisition, accounting for the inherent delay between the digital-controller gating command and the actual turn-off of the switches. The operation of the control has been validated experimentally on 650W 4-to-1 STC with PCB area of 5cmX2cmX0.6cm, demonstrating exceptional self-tuning capabilities over the entire load range and for various component mismatch scenarios. Peak efficiency of 98.6% is achieved at 200W.
Molecular analysis of enthesopathy in a mouse model of hypophosphatemic rickets (2018)

The bone tendon attachment site known as the enthesis comprises a transitional zone between bone and tendon, and plays an important role in enabling movement at this site. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by impaired activation of vitamin D, elevated serum FGF23 levels and low serum phosphate levels, which impair bone mineralization. Paradoxically, an important complication of XLH is mineralization of the enthesis (enthesopathy). Studies were undertaken to identify the cellular and molecular pathways important for normal post-natal enthesis maturation and to examine their role during the development of enthesopathy in mice with XLH (Hyp). The Achilles tendon entheses of Hyp mice demonstrate an expansion of hypertrophic-appearing chondrogenic cells by P14. Post-natally, cells in wild-type and Hyp entheses similarly descend from scleraxis- and Sox9-expressing progenitors; however, Hyp entheses exhibit an expansion of Sox9-expressing cells, and enhanced BMP and IHH signaling. These results support a role for enhanced BMP and IHH signaling in the development of enthesopathy in XLH.
Achieving accurate thermal characterization using a CFD code-case study of plastic packages (1995)

Achieving component-level thermal characterization using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is assessed using a case study approach. A commercial CFD code (FLOTHERM) is used to simulate the thermal performance of three plastic-based microelectronic packages (68-lead and 84-lead plastic leaded chip carriers or PLCC's, and a 164-lead plastic quad flat pack or PQFP) under forced air cooling conditions. Predictions of junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (/spl theta//sub ja/) are compared to experimental measurements. One aspect of the work is to use results from a single situation (84-PLCC and an approach air velocity of 1.52 m/s) to develop a set of "modeling guidelines". These modeling guidelines are then applied to the other components (68-PLCC and 164-PQFP) and flow conditions (0.7-3.05 m/s) to test their validity. Guideline parameters include near component flow field nodalization, geometric detail in representing conduction paths and code user options such as turbulent flow models. The average deviation of predicted versus measured values of /spl theta//sub ja/ was 7.5% using the derived guidelines. An additional component design sensitivity investigated was the effect of the introduction of a heat spreading "heat post" in the high temperature regions of the 164-PQFP,.
Bioconversion of Ferulic Acid into Vanillic Acid by Means of a Vanillate-Negative Mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain BF13 (2000)

From a ferulic-acid-degrading Pseudomonas fluorescens strain (BF13), we have isolated a transposon mutant, which retained the ability to bioconvert ferulic acid into vanillic acid but lost the ability to further degrade the latter acid. The mutant, BF13-97, was very stable, and therefore it was suitable to be used as a biocatalyst for the preparative synthesis of vanillic acid from ferulic acid. By use of resting cells we determined the effect on the bioconversion rate of several parameters, such as the addition of nutritional factors, the concentration of the biomass, and the carbon source on which the biomass was grown. The optimal yield of vanillic acid was obtained with cells pregrown on M9 medium containing p-coumaric acid (0.1% [wt/vol]) as a sole carbon source and yeast extract (0.001% [wt/vol]) as a source of nutritional factors. Under these conditions, 1 mg (wet weight) of biomass produced 0.23 mg of vanillic acid per h. The genomic region of BF13-97 flanking the transposon's site of insertion was cloned and sequenced revealing two open reading frames of 1,062 (vanA) and 954 (vanB) bp, respectively. The van genes are organized in a cluster and encode the subunits of the vanillate-O-demethylase, which catalyzes the first step of the vanillate catabolism. Amino acid sequences deduced from vanA and vanB genes were shown to have high identity with known VanAs and VanBs from Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp. Highly conserved regions known to exist in class IA oxygenases were also found in the vanillate-O-demethylase components from P. fluorescens BF13. The terminal oxygenase VanA is characterized by a conserved Rieske-type [2Fe-2S](R) ligand center. The reductase VanB contains a plant-type ferredoxin [2Fe-2S](Fd), flavin mononucleotide, and NAD-ribose binding domains which are located in its C-terminal and N-terminal halves, respectively. Transfer of wild-type vanAB genes to BF13-97 complemented this mutant, which recovered its ability to grow on either vanillic or ferulic acid.
Inhibition of autophagic proteolysis by inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase can interfere with the regulation of glycogen synthesis in isolated hepatocytes (2002)

Amino acid-induced cell swelling stimulates conversion of glucose into glycogen in isolated hepatocytes. Activation of glycogen synthase (GS) phosphatase, caused by the fall in intracellular chloride accompanying regulatory volume decrease, and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), induced by cell swelling, have been proposed as underlying mechanisms. Because PI 3-kinase controls autophagic proteolysis, we examined the possibility that PI 3-kinase inhibitors interfere with glycogen production due to their anti-proteolytic action. The PI 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin inhibited endogenous proteolysis, the production of glycogen from glucose and the activity of active (dephosphorylated) GS (GS a ) in the absence of added amino acids. The stimulation by amino acids of glycogen production and of GS a was only slightly affected by wortmannin. These effects of wortmannin could be mimicked by proteinase inhibitors. A combination of leucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, which we showed previously to stimulate PI 3-kinase-dependent phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6, did not stimulate glycogen production from glucose. In contrast with wortmannin, LY294002, another PI 3-kinase inhibitor, strongly inhibited both glycogen synthesis and GS a activity, irrespective of the presence of amino acids. Inhibition of glycogen synthesis by LY294002 could be ascribed in part to increased glycogenolysis and glycolysis. It is concluded that, in hepatocytes, activation of PI 3-kinase may not be responsible for the stimulation of glycogen synthesis by amino acids; LY294002 inhibits glycogen synthesis and stimulates glycogen breakdown by a mechanism that is unrelated to its action as an inhibitor of PI 3-kinase.
L1 repeat is a basic unit of heterochromatin satellites in cetaceans (1998)

FIG. 1.—Alignment of dolphin satellite monomer and L1 consensus sequence. The top sequence is the satellite monomer (GenBank sequence M36451; opposite orientation) and the bottom sequence is the L1MA9 consensus sequence (Smit et al. 1995) (positions 81–685; RepBase Update: http://www.girinst.org). Numbering refers to satellite sequence positions. Identical nucleotides are indicated by asterisks, transversions by dots, transitions by colons, and alignment gaps by hyphens. Mammalian heterochromatin, pericentric, telomeric, or intercalary, is usually composed of long arrays of tandemly repeated DNA sequences called satellites, which contribute up to 15%–30% of the entire genome. Rapid divergence of heterochromatin satellites, sometimes between closely related species, raises the fundamental question of whether satellite monomers rapidly evolve from the preexisting pool of satellites or some of them are recruited from nonsatellite DNA. Previous analyses of sequence periodicities indicate that alphoid satellites might have evolved from smaller heptanucleotide units (Zaitsev and Rogaev 1986), which suggests continuous evolution of satellites from the preexisting satellites. The alternative model is that individual satellite units can be recruited from a wide spectrum of nonsatellite DNA and propagated into satellites by unequal crossing over (Smith 1976). This model is rooted in the fact that no stringent functional requirements seem to be imposed on individual satellite units, and many DNA fragments, particularly abundant interspersed repeats, should occasionally be expanded into satellites. However, to date, no evidence of such events has been recorded. In this correspondence, we report that the so-called ‘‘common satellite’’ in cetaceans originated by amplification of a DNA fragment which includes the L1 interspersed repetitive element (Boeke 1997). The common cetacean satellites, constituting about 15% of all cetacean genomes, of both odontocetes (toothed whales) and mysticetes (whalebone whales) were first used to prove a monophyletic origin of the Cetacea at the DNA level (Arnason, Hoglund, and Widegren 1984). These satellites are predominantly located in most interstitial and terminal heterochromatin Cbands. The monomeric repeat is ;1,760 bp long in all cetaceans except dolphins, where its length is ;1,580 bp (Arnason, Gretarsdottir, and Widegren 1992; Gretarsdottir and Arnason 1992). There is no reported satellite DNA similar to the common cetacean satellite in other mammalian species. We have found that a 540-bp DNA fragment of the common cetacean satellite monomer is 63% similar to the 39-terminal portion of the mammalian L1 (LINE-1) retrotransposon (figs. 1 and 2). This is also the first sequence record of the L1 retroelement in the genome of marine mammals. In addition to the nucleotide similarity, we have found protein sequence similarity to the
Effects of 4-hexylresorcinol on the phenoloxidase from Hyphantria cunea （Lepidoptera： Arctiidae）： In vivo and in vitro studies (2015)

) H 上的 kojic 酸和橡黄素。cunea PO 被估计分别地是 1.87 和 2.89。4-hexylresorcinol 决心是一个竞争禁止者，并且 kojic 酸和橡黄素决心是混合禁止者。PO 是在一只昆虫的免疫系统的最重要的酶之一，并且 PO 禁止者的使用似乎由于他们为人的潜在的安全是为害虫控制的一条有希望的途径。
Stability analysis for large power system interconnections in Europe (2005)

A worldwide trend in the development of power systems is to build interconnections with the goal to achieve economical benefits. The interconnections are mostly realized by synchronous links where such solutions are technically feasible and economically justified (AC solution). In cases where the synchronous interconnection is technically not feasible, an HVDC coupling station or HVDC log distance transmission (DC solution) can be used. Finally, the DC solution can also be applied in combination with a synchronous interconnection in order to support the operation of the interconnected systems and thus makes the synchronous AC link more reliable (hybrid solution). The evaluation of the best solution for large system interconnections requires detailed system models for stability analysis. In the paper, examples of very large power system simulations are shown. Simulation results are given for DC and AC interconnections. There are practically no limits for the size of the systems, which can be handled by modern computer simulation tools, e.g. the described advanced simulation program. Finally, the challenges of further system interconnections in Europe are considered on the base of the existing experience in stability analysis.
Probabilistic image registration and anomaly detection by nonlinear warping (2008)

Automatic, defect tolerant registration of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images poses an important and challenging problem for biomedical image analysis, e.g. in computational neuroanatomy. In this paper we demonstrate a fully automatic stitching and distortion correction method for TEM images and propose a probabilistic approach for image registration. The technique identifies image defects due to sample preparation and image acquisition by outlier detection. A polynomial kernel expansion is used to estimate a non-linear image transformation based on intensities and spatial features. Corresponding points in the images are not determined beforehand, but they are estimated via an EM-algorithm during the registration process which is preferable in the case of (noisy) TEM images. Our registration model is successfully applied to two large image stacks of serial section TEM images acquired from brain tissue samples in a computational neuroanatomy project and shows significant improvement over existing image registration methods on these large datasets.
New Characterization Technique for Rubbed Polyimide Film for Liquid Crystal Display (1999)

A new technique is proposed to characterize optical anisotropy of rubbed polyimide film used in liquid crystal displays. The technique consists of measuring the polarization of reflected light in various incident orientations using a combination of a microscope objective, a half-wave plate, and a two-dimensional position-sensitive detector. High spatial resolution without mechanical rotation of the sample is achieved. The performance of this technique was demonstrated by observing a rubbed polyimide film on a glass substrate.
Curve finder combining perceptual grouping and a Kalman like fitting (1999)

We present an algorithm that extracts curves from a set of edgels within a specific class in a decreasing order of their "length". The algorithm inherits the perceptual grouping approaches. But, instead of using only local cues, a global constraint is imposed on each extracted subset of edgels, that the underlying curve belongs to a specific class. In order to reduce the complexity of the solution, we work with a linearly parameterized class of curves, a function of one image coordinate. This first allows one to use recursive Kalman based fitting and, second, to cast the problem as an optimal path search in a directed graph. Experiments on finding lane-markings on roads demonstrate that real-time processing is achievable.