gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Fabrication and characterization of a micromachined deformable mirror for adaptive optics applications</title> (1993)

A novel micromachined electrostatically controlled deformable mirror has been fabricated and characterized. This device combines the fields of microinstruments, adaptive optics and controls to form a silicon-based mirror assembly that is relatively simple to process, inexpensive, lightweight, and integrable with drive and sensing electronics. Electrostatic control of a thin membrane mirror is demonstrated with low voltage actuation and without the need for complex construction of PZT or other translator-type arrays. In addition, the low- stress Si-rich Si<SUB>x</SUB>N<SUB>y</SUB> film used as the deformable membrane mirror is thermally matched to the silicon supporting frame. Custom design of the mirror shape can be implemented by redesigning the electrode pattern on an insulating substrate separate from the thin film mirror. Test results from a pull-only circular mirror with a single actuator are presented as a proof of concept for low voltage actuation of a low-stress Si<SUB>x</SUB>N<SUB>y</SUB> flexible membrane. The Si<SUB>x</SUB>N<SUB>y</SUB> which forms the membrane is under tensile stress. This tensile stress increase the voltage required for deflection of the membrane, but insures a linear relationship between the center deflection of the mirror and the applied pressure. This should significantly simplify the controls algorithm required for closed-loop operation of this device.
Host cells and methods for oxidizing aromatic amino acids (2023)

The present invention provides for a method of producing an oxidation product of an aromatic amino acid in a genetically modified host cell. The method comprises culturing the genetically modified host cell under a suitable condition such that the culturing results in the genetically modified host cell producing oxidation product of an aromatic amino acid. The host cell comprises an enzyme capable of catalyzing the oxidation of aromatic amino acid. In some embodiments, the host cell is capable of biosynthesizing BH4 or MH4 from GTP.
Time-Dependent Effects of Kinesthetic Input (1990)

Sensory input can be used by the nervous system to control the spatial parameters of motor responses (e.g., distance, velocity, and direction) by initializing these parameters before movement onset and then by adjusting these parameters during movement. Sensory input can also be used to trigger movements. In the experiments reported in this paper, we compared the effects of kinesthetic input on a triggered motor response when the kinesthetic input was generated at different times relative to the onset of the motor response. Human subjects responded to a visual stimulus by intentionally increasing elbow torque to a target level. Kinesthetic input was generated by unexpectedly rotating each subject's elbow 100 ms before the onset of the intentional torque response (early) or coincident with the onset of the intentional torque response (late). The effect of early kinesthetic input on the intentional torque response markedly differed from the effect of late kinesthetic input. The effect of early kinesthetic input was relatively independent of the direction of elbow rotation, had a different dependence on the amplitude of rotation, and required a shorter duration of rotation compared to the effect of late kinesthetic input. These differences in the effects of early and late kinesthetic input might be related to the initialization, triggering, and adjustment of motor responses.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Aryl Ether-Bissulfone)s (1991)

Abstract A series of poly(aryl ether-bissulfone)s were synthesized from bis-phenols, 4,4′-bis(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)biphenyl, and 4,4′-bis(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)biphenyl. The bishalide monomers were synthesized by reaction of 4,4′-bis(chlorosulfonyl)biphenyl with a suitable aryl halide. Potassium carbonate mediated reaction in di-methylacetamide gave high molecular weight polymers in excellent yield. The polymers are soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents. Unlike the corresponding monosulfone analogues, the poly(aryl ether-bissulfone)s exhibited poor solubility in chlorinated hydrocarbons. The glass transition temperatures of the polymers are among the highest known for poly(aryl ether)s (241-271 °C). In addition, the polymers exhibit excellent thermal stability and they produce clear, colorless tough films by solution casting or compression molding.
Analysis of dendritic cell populations using a revised histological staging of morphoea (2000)

Our study indicates that there is a reciprocal relationship between CD34+ DDCs and factor XIIIa+ DDCs in morphoea that correlates with the relative degrees of inflammation and sclerosis.
On the Convergence of the Variable Metric Algorithm (1971)

Journal Article On the Convergence of the Variable Metric Algorithm Get access M. J. D. POWELL M. J. D. POWELL Theoretical Physics Division, U.K.A.E.A. Research Group, Atomic Energy Research EstablishmentHarwell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics, Volume 7, Issue 1, February 1971, Pages 21–36, https://doi.org/10.1093/imamat/7.1.21 Published: 01 February 1971 Article history Received: 10 November 1969 Published: 01 February 1971
Intelligent target recognition using micro-Doppler radar signatures (2009)

We present an effective quadratic time-frequency S-method based approach in conjunction with the Viterbi algorithm to extract m-D features. The effectiveness of the S-method in extracting m-D features is demonstrated through the application to indoor and outdoor experimental data sets such as rotating fan and human gait. The Viterbi algorithm for the instantaneous frequency estimation is used to enhance the weak human micro-Doppler features in relatively high noise environments. As such, this paper contributes additional experimental micro-Doppler data and analysis, which should help in developing a better picture of the human gait micro-Doppler research and its applications to indoor and outdoor imaging and automatic gait recognition systems.
Nonlinear Adaptive Approach to Microjet-Based Flow Separation Control (2016)

Boundary-layer separation, a critical phenomenon in the operation of aerodynamic surfaces, limits the performance of compressor and turbine blades, fixed and rotary wings, as well as bluff bodies moving through a fluid. Flow separation leads to increased drag, decreased lift, and unpredictable vibrations due to unsteadiness. On these systems, effective control of separation could provide greater maneuverability and performance, and reduced vibration. Separated flow is a macroscale phenomenon governed by complex flow interactions, but it can be controlled by microscale actuation. Recently, the emergence of closed-loop methods has enhanced robustness. Modern processors enable the use of sophisticated adaptive control methods that achieve separation control with adaptive models. This paper considers control of flow separation over a NACA-0025 airfoil using microjet actuators. Experimental results are presented for a novel approach to nonlinear model predictive control, referred to as adaptive sampling-based model predictive control, which applies the minimal resource allocation network algorithm for nonlinear system identification and the sampling-based model predictive optimization algorithm to achieve effective nonlinear control. Through pressure data and flow characterization from wind-tunnel experiments, effective and robust separation control is demonstrated. The method’s computational efficiency is sufficient for successful real-time experimental implementation.
Traitement d'extraction des métaux lourds (2008)

Le secteur industriel de la métallurgie est à l'origine de la production de sous-produits riches en métaux valorisables. En raison de leur caractère polluant, certains sont considérés comme déchets ultimes et éliminés en centre de stockage spécifique pour déchets dangereux. Face à cette problématique, un procédé innovant de valorisation de déchets métalliques a été élaboré utilisant les principes de l'hydrométallurgie en milieu alcalin.
SECURECONFIG: NFC and QR-code based hybrid approach for smart sensor configuration (2017)

In smart factories and smart homes, devices such as smart sensors are connected to the Internet. Independent of the context in which such a smart sensor is deployed, the possibility to change its configuration parameters in a secure way is essential. Existing solutions do provide only minimal security or do not allow to transfer arbitrary configuration data. In this paper, we present an NFC- and QR-code based configuration interface for smart sensors which improves the security and practicability of the configuration altering process while introducing as little overhead as possible. We present a protocol for configuration as well as a hardware extension including a dedicated security controller (SC) for smart sensors. For customers, no additional hardware other than a commercially available smartphone will be necessary which makes the proposed approach highly applicable for smart factory and smart home contexts alike.
The problem of disseminated sclerosis (being the Presidential Address of the Neurological Section, Royal Society of Medicine, October 1946). By Douglas McAlpine. Brain 1946: 69; 233-250. (2008)

Quite when Douglas McAlpine (see Figure) became interested in the problem of disseminated sclerosis is unclear. He worked originally on encephalitis lethargica but published on demyelinating disease from 1931, first speculating that acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and disseminated sclerosis are caused by specifically different virus infections, the former being self-limited because immunity is conferred by the initial attack ( Lancet 1931: 1; 846–52). In 1938, he wrote on concordance for neuromyelitis optica in a pair of identical twins ( Brain 1938: 61; 430–48). The monograph on Multiple Sclerosis written with Charles Lumsden and Nigel Compston in 1955 has a concluding chapter on the problem of causation where ideas are developed on the aetiology and pathogenesis: ‘a study of the natural history suggests that more attention should be focused on the genetic and allergic backgrounds of the disease … [and the role of] … some so far unidentified factor with selective affinity for the oligodendroglia’. In an Annual Address to the Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Northern Counties Medical Society on December 6, 1956, entitled ‘Multiple sclerosis, a plea for a fresh outlook’, Dr McAlpine again sets out his views on the allergic nature of the disease: ‘the possibility that multiple sclerosis may be due to an antigen-antibody reaction within the nervous system is … based on deduction from a number of widely different observations’. He attaches much importance to surveys of past experiences linked to onset and disease activity in his many patients ( Quart J Medicine 1952: 21; 135–167). Given the paucity of secure experimental data, Douglas McAlpine necessarily uses his intellect and imagination to formulate a view on what happens in disseminated sclerosis.

Many of these speculations on the cause and mechanisms of disseminated sclerosis have their origins in the paper published in 1946 soon after he returned to civilian practice as a consultant neurologist …
Resistance switch using metal nanogap electrodes in air (2012)

Resistance switching in nanogap electrodes, the electrodes of which are made of platinum and gold, was investigated in air. The “off-to-on” transition in air was achieved by voltage sweeping enforced with a current-compliance operation that suppresses the overcurrent just after the change in tunneling resistance. It was also found that the applied voltages for the “on-to-off” resistance transition could be suppressed in air. These results imply that resistance switching is caused in air, and moreover, that the switching voltage is affected by the surroundings.
Analysis of spectroscopic radiation portal monitor data using principal components analysis (2006)

Many international border crossings screen cargo for illicit nuclear material using radiation portal monitors (RPMs) that measure the gamma-ray flux emitted by vehicles. Screening often consists of primary, which acts as a trip-wire for suspect vehicles, and secondary, which locates the radiation source and performs isotopic identification. The authors present a method of anomaly detection for primary screening that uses past observations of gamma-ray signatures to define an expected benign vehicle population. Newly acquired spectra are then compared to this expected population using statistical criteria that reflect acceptable alarm rates and probabilities of detection. Shown here is an analysis of spectroscopic RPM data collected at an international border crossing using this technique. The raw data were analyzed to develop an expected benign vehicle population by decimating the original pulse-height channels, extracting composite variables with principal components analysis, and estimating variance-weighted distances from the "mean vehicle spectra" with the Mahalanobis distance metric. The following analysis considers data acquired with both NaI(Tl)-based and plastic scintillator-based RPMs. For each system, performance estimates for anomaly sources are compared to common nuisance sources. The algorithm reported here shows promising results in that it is more sensitive to the anomaly sources than common nuisance sources for both RPM types.
‘NON‐SYNAPTIC’ MECHANISMS IN SEIZURES AND EPILEPTOGENESIS (1998)

The role of 'non-synaptic' mechanisms (i.e. those mechanisms that are independent of active chemical synpases) in the synchronization of neuronal activity during seizures and their possible contribution to chronic epileptogenesis are summarized. These 'non-synaptic' mechanisms include electrotonic coupling through gap junctions, electrical field effects (i.e. ephaptic transmission), and ionic interactions (e.g. increases in the extracellular concentration of K(+)). Several lines of evidence indicate that granule cells and pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, and probably other cortical neurons, can generate synchronized electrical activity after active chemical synaptic transmission has been blocked. This synchronized activity is sensitive to alterations in the size of the extracellular space, thus suggesting that electrical field effects and ionic mechanisms contribute to this synchronized activity. Recent studies also indicate that 'non-synaptic' synchronization is quite prominent early in development. Electrophysiological data from hippocampal and neocortical slices have led to a re-interpretation of the fast prepotentials (i.e. partial spikes) recorded in cortical pyramidal cells, suggesting that they may not be due to dendritic spike generation. Improvement in freeze-fracture ultrastructural techniques have led to a re-assessment of previous data on gap junctions in the nervous system and opened new approaches to the quantitative analysis and characterization of gap junctions on glia and neurons. Finally, new methods of dye/tracer coupling have the potential to provide a more rigorous basis for evaluating gap junctions and electrotonic communication between neurons in the mammalian central nervous system. Therefore, recent data continue to suggest that gap junctions and electrotonic coupling play an important role in neural integration, although additional studies using new techniques will be needed to address some of the controversial issues that have arisen over the last several decades.
The efficacy of bacteriophage as a method of biofilm eradication (2002)

The ability of bacteriophage and their associated polysaccharide depolymerases to control enteric biofilm formation was investigated. Bacteriophages specific for Enterobacter strains were isolated from primary effluent sewage. Combinations of three phages were required before complete eradication of single species biofilms of Enterobacter cloace occurred. Attempts to eliminate a susceptible bacterial population within a dual species biofilm were unsuccessful. It was thought that the structural heterogeneity of the biofilm produced pockets of unattainable, susceptible bacteria. These results suggest that phage and bacteria can co-exist stably within a biofilm. Bacteriophage, would, therefore, make poor tools for the control of biofilm formation. However, the results suggest that combined treatment with bacteriophage polysaccharide depolymerases and disinfectant may provide an alternative control strategy.
Extending the OpenSHMEM Memory Model to Support User-Defined Spaces (2014)

OpenSHMEM is an open standard for SHMEM libraries. With the standardisation process complete, the community is looking towards extending the API for increasing programmer flexibility and extreme scalability. According to the current OpenSHMEM specification (revision 1.1), allocation of symmetric memory is collective across all PEs executing the application. For better work sharing and memory utilisation, we are proposing the concepts of teams and spaces for OpenSHMEM that together allow allocation of memory only across user-specified teams. Through our implementation we show that by using teams we can confine memory allocation and usage to only the PEs that actually communicate via symmetric memory. We provide our preliminary results that demonstrate creating spaces for teams allows for less consumption of memory resources than the current alternative. We also examine the impact of our extensions on Scalable Synthetic Compact Applications #3 (SSCA3), which is a sensor processing and knowledge formation kernel involving file I/O, and show that up to 30% of symmetric memory allocation can be eliminated without affecting the correctness of the benchmark.
Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis: past, present, and future prospects (2015)

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of severe viral encephalitis that affects individuals in Asia, western Pacific countries, and northern Australia. Although 67,900 JE cases have been estimated among 24 JE epidemic countries annually, only 10,426 have been reported in 2011. With the establishment of JE surveillance and vaccine use in some countries, the JE incidence rate has decreased; however, serious outbreaks still occur. Understanding JE epidemics and identifying the circulating JE virus genotypes will improve JE prevention and control. This review summarizes the current epidemiology data in these countries.
Methodology for Measuring Trace Metal Surface Contamination on Pv Silicon Substrates (2012)

The production of high efficiency PV cells requires a strict control on metal contamination levels. Metals like Cu and Fe are well known to cause lifetime degradation in silicon. Analytical methodologies for determination of surface metal contamination have been well established for mirror polished, also referred to as chemical mechanical polished (CMP) silicon substrates [1]. It will be explained why these methods cannot be merely applied to photovoltaic (PV) wafers because of the large roughness and specific topography of the surface. Here we extend and adapt these analytical methodologies for surface metal contamination analysis on PV substrates also referred to as PV wafers. We demonstrate how vapour phase decomposition droplet collection (VPD-DC) in combination with total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been modified to accommodate analysis on a non-polished PV silicon wafer surface. In addition we demonstrate how metal contamination on as-cut PV wafers has been determined by liquid surface etching (LSE), i.e. an oxidizing and slow etching solution used to dissolve metal contaminants, followed by TXRF analysis. Measurements of as-cut wafers shows the presence of Fe, Cu and Zn in very high concentrations (up to more than 1x1013at/cm2), residuals of the brass-coated steel wires used during wire sawing [10].
Principles and Evaluation of Autostereoscopic Photogrammetric Measurement (2006)

Stereoscopic perception is a basic requirement for photogrammetric 3D measurement and accurate geospatial data collection. Ordinary stereoscopic techniques require operators wearing glasses or using eyepieces for interpretation and measurement. However, the recent emerging autostereoscopic technology makes it possible to eliminate this requirement. This paper studies the principles and implementation of autostereoscopic photogrammetric measurement and evaluates its performance. We first describe the principles and properties of the parallax barrier-based autostereoscopic display used in this study. As an important metric property, we quantitatively present the autostereoscopic geometry, including viewing zones and the boundary of a viewer's movement for autostereoscopic measurement. A toolkit AUTO3D is developed that has common photogrammetric functions. The implementation principles are described by addressing the differences compared to the ordinary stereoscopic technology. To evaluate the performance of the autostereoscopic measurement, images at a resolution of 25 μm and 50 μm are measured by a group of seven (7) operators, who are asked to digitize 18 well-defined roof points and 18 ground points. These results are evaluated by comparing the same measurements obtained from a popular stereoscopic photogrammetric workstation. It is shown that the precision of autostereoscopic measurement is about 16 percent to 25 percent lower than the conventional stereo workstation. © 2006 American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.
The influence of the cooling rate on the stability of z-cut H: waveguides (1997)

The influence of cooling rate on the refractive index of proton-exchanged z-cut waveguides has been investigated. After short annealing at about C, the waveguide mode indices of as-exchanged and annealed samples are different for quick and slow cooling. A hypothesis explaining this effect by assuming a diffuse phase transition in the protonated crystal lattice is given. The possible changes in the macroscopic parameters responsible for the index differences are analysed.
A taxonomic study of the genus <i>Hosta</i> in Korea (2017)

한국산 비비추속(Hosta)에 대해 외부형태형질을 기초로 분류학적 연구를 수행하여 종의 한계를 재검토하였다. Hosta clausa의 변종들은 근경에 기는 줄기가 있고, 화경이 매끈하며, 약이 자색이라는 점에서 특징을 공유하나, 비비추(H. clausa var. normalis)는 개방화이고 암술이 수술보다 훨씬 길며 종자를 결실하는반면에 참비비추(H. clausa var. clausa)는 폐쇄화이고 종자를 맺지 못하며, 금강비비추(H. clausa var. geumgangensis)는 개방화이나 종자를 결실하지 못하고, 엽병이 녹색이며, 암술이 수술 길이와 비슷하고, 화피협통부는 길이가 짧아 구별되었다. 또한 이삭비비추(H. clausa var. ensata)는 좁고 엽병으로 흘러내리는 잎형태의 특징이 비비추의 연속변이에 포함되어 이명처리하였다. 다도해비비추(H. jonesii)는 화경이 매끈하며,약이 노란색이고, 광통부가 부풀어 오른 종형으로 대마도비비추(H. tsushimensis)와는 광통부의 형태로 구별되었다. 흑산도비비추(H. yingeri)는 꽃이 깔때기형이고, 수술 3개는 길고 3개는 짧고, 화경이 매끈하며, 신안비비추(H. laevigata)는 수술의 길이가 모두 같고 좁은 피침형의 잎, 엽연이 파형을 띠어 신종으로 기재되었으나 흑산도 주변섬에서 동일 특징을 보이는 개체가 발견되지 않아 분류학적 처리를 유보하였다. 한라비비 추(H. minor var. venusta)는 화경에 종주선이 있고 약이 노란색이라는 점에서 좀비비추(H. minor)와 유사하지만 식물체의 크기, 꽃의 수, 잎의 크기와 형태 등 주요형질에서 중첩되어 좀비비추의 변종으로 처리하였다.따라서 한국산 비비추속은 5종 3변종 6품종으로 정리되었다. 주요어: 분류학적 재검토, 비비추속, 백합과, 비짜루과, 한국