gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress and applications of VECSELs: The most versatile laser platform (2015)

Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs), also referred as semiconductor disk lasers (SDLs), have emerged at the frontier between solid-state and semiconductor laser technologies. Therefore, these high-brightness light sources draw important advantages from both semiconductor and solid-state lasers: the simplicity to engineer the emission properties of semiconductors is combined with the functionality of solid-state lasers owing to the use of external cavity architectures. This combination has enabled obtaining outstanding results in terms of wavelength coverage (from visible to mid-IR), high-power (100W-level), single-frequency operation, efficient intracavity frequency conversion, and ultra-short pulse generation (down to sub-picosecond range with GHz repetition rate). Moreover, the low-cost of broad-area diodes used to pump the VECSELs and the broad-band pump absorption, have made the optically-pumped-VECSELs practical and cost effective.
Intraplacental smooth muscle tumor. A case report. (2001)

Although ultrasound differentiation is difficult, rare nontrophoblastic tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of placental masses. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a lesion in the placenta.
Triarylimidazole Redox Catalysts: Electrochemical Analysis and Empirical Correlations (2012)

A series of triarylimidazoles was synthesized and characterized electrochemically. The synthetic route is general, providing a pathway to 30 redox mediators that exhibit a > 700 mV range of accessible potentials. Most of the triarylimidazoles display three oxidation peaks where the first redox couple is quasi-reversible. The electronic character of the substituents affects the oxidation potential. This is exemplified by a linear correlation between the first oxidation potential and the sum of the Hammett σ(+) substituent constants, as well as with a series of calculated ionization potentials. We close by putting forward a rule of thumb stating that for a given mediator, the upper limit of accessible potentials can be extended by at least 500 mV beyond the largest recorded value. A rationale, the conditions under which the rule is likely to apply, and an example are provided.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Differential Regulation of <i>LET-7</i> by LIN28B Isoform–Specific Functions (2023)

&lt;p&gt;LIN28B short isoform in Huh7.5 cell&lt;/p&gt;
The Rational Behavior of Tibetan Farmers and Herders (2013)

AbstractMarket-oriented socioeconomic transformation in China is challenging conventional rules and the norms of Tibetan farmers and herders, who are adapting their conventional rational behavior to a market environment. They are making the most of market opportunities, optimizing their use of labor, contracted land and pastures in diverse ways. Despite having a limited ability to take risks, their preference towards risk aversion has not prevented them from using new breeds and applying new technologies suited to the local environment. As a result of the decline in arable land per capita, the fall in the capacity of pasture lands, a rising cost of living and increased competition in migrant work, farmers and herders have reduced the number of children they have. Although religion is still a big part of their lives, they have made rational adjustments to the time they allocate and the amount of money they spend on religious activities.
Qubit disentanglement and decoherence via dephasing (2003)

We consider whether quantum coherence in the form of mutual entanglement between a pair of qubits is susceptible to decay that may be more rapid than the decay of the coherence of either qubit individually. An instance of potential importance for solid-state quantum computing arises if embedded qubits (spins, quantum dots, Cooper pair boxes, etc.) are exposed to global and local noise at the same time. Here we allow separate phase-noisy channels to affect local and nonlocal measures of system coherence. We find that the time for decay of the qubit entanglement can be significantly shorter than the time for local dephasing of the individual qubits.
Fabrication of Discontinuous Ceramic Fibers/FeAl Composites by Reactive Sintering (1995)

The chemical compatibility of reinforcements, processing and fracture characteristics of δ-Al2O3 short fiber and β-SiC whisker reinforced FeAl composites with the matrix composition of 40∼50 at%Al were examined. The β-SiC whisker does not react severely with FeAl in the temperature range below 1400 K. The FeAl matrix composites of full density are successfully fabricated by the reactive hot press sintering at 1273∼1373 K. The proportional limit of Fe-40 at%Al matrix increases slightly by the addition of δ-Al2O3 short fibers due to the extremely weak bonding at the matrix/fiber interfaces. Although the β-SiC whisker reinforced Fe-40 at%Al composites exhibits brittle fracture by the whisker addition beyond 15 vol%, the remarkable strengthening is achieved at volume fractions of 5∼10 vol%. The brittle Fe-50 at%Al matrix is hardly strengthened at room temperature by the additions of δ-Al2O3 short fibers and of β-SiC whiskers. The fracture toughness of the FeAl matrix composites reinforced with both the discontinuous fibers is reduced at higher volume fractions.
High Penetration Rates and Extended Bit Life through Revolutionary Hydraulic and Mechanical Design in PDC Drill Bit Development (1996)

Abstract PDC drill bit developments have been made to achieve higher penetration rates and longer life, involving a compromise between open, light set, bits for speed and heavy set ones for durability. Developments are described which provided the benefits of both in a revolutionary hydraulic and mechanical design. The hydraulic design causes mud to flow first towards the bit centre and then outwards. It was extensively flow tested using high speed photography to ensure that bit balling was prevented. It includes features to address bit whirl which were demonstrated in full scale laboratory testing to reduce the bit’s vibration level. The mechanical design maximises open face volume, known to benefit penetration rate, by using very high blades. However, the heights attainable can be limited by the bit body’s mechanical strength. Steel was chosen to maximise blade strength and was coated with a newly developed hardfacing to improve erosion resistance. A programme of fatigue testing assured adequate strength.
2.5 and 10 Gb/s transmission experiments using a 137 photon/bit erbium-fiber preamplifier receiver (1992)

An optical-preamplifier receiver with sensitivity of 137 photons/bit at 2.5 Gb/s and 1.530- mu m wavelength is presented. The sensitivity is 193 photons/bit at 10 Gb/s. The authors discuss the degradations from the quantum-limited value of 38 photons/bit. By employing an optical power amplifier at the transmitter, the authors demonstrate 2.5 Gb/s-250 km and 10 Gb/s-220 km transmission through dispersion-shifted fiber.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Probiotic effects in allergic disease (2013)

The increasing prevalence of allergic disease has been linked to reduced microbial exposure in early life. Probiotics have recently been advocated for the prevention and treatment of allergic disease. This article summarises recent publications on probiotics in allergic disease, focusing on clinical studies of prevention or treatment of allergic disease. Studies employing the combined administration of pre-natal and post-natal probiotics suggest a role for certain probiotics (alone or with prebiotics) in the prevention of eczema in early childhood, with the pre-natal component of treatment appearing to be important for beneficial effects. On the other hand, current data are insufficient to support the use of probiotics for the treatment of established allergic disease, although recent studies have highlighted new hope in this area. Probiotic bacteria continue to represent the most promising intervention for primary prevention of allergic disease, and well-designed definitive intervention studies should now be a research priority.
First tuberculosis cases in Italy resistant to all tested drugs (2007)

Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a very serious form of TB against which our treatment weapons have lost the majority of, if not all, their power
Methods of Aging and Muscle Flexing and Their Effects upon the Tenderness of Turkey Meat (1962)

RECENTLY several devices and procedures have been introduced which modify ice slush chilling. With the introduction of each new piece of equipment, many questions arise as to the effect on rate of chilling, percentage water uptake, and consumer acceptability. Many factors contribute to the relative tenderness or lack of tenderness of turkey meat. Present evidence indicates that aging is the factor contributing most to the tenderness value. The rate of aging can be modified by ante-mortem treatment, killing procedure, and cooling procedure. Tenderness is a rat e process (Klose et al., 1959; Pool et al., 1959) and the rate of tenderization is definitely controlled by certain biochemical reactions (de Fremery and Pool, 1960). Thus, it is of value to determine the effect of rate of mechanical cooling and muscle flexing on the tenderness of the final product. The purpose of this research was to ascertain whether or not there were …
Secure Degrees of Freedom of the Gaussian MIMO Wiretap and MIMO Broadcast Channels with Unknown Eavesdroppers (2014)

We investigate the secure degrees of freedom (SDoF) of the wiretap and the K user Gaussian broadcast channels with multiple antennas at the transmitter, the legitimate receivers and an unknown number of eavesdroppers each with a number of antennas less than or equal to a known value NE. The channel matrices between the legitimate transmitter and the receivers are available everywhere, while the legitimate pair have no information about the eavesdroppers' channels. We provide the exact sum SDoF for the considered system. A new comprehensive upperbound is deduced and a new achievable scheme based on utilizing jamming is exploited. We prove that cooperative jamming is SDoF optimal even without the eavesdropper CSI available at the transmitters.
Purification and characterization of an N-methylcarbamate pesticide hydrolyzing enzyme (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurification and characterization of an N-methylcarbamate pesticide hydrolyzing enzymeMyra K. Derbyshire, Jeffrey S. Karns, Philip C. Kearney, and Judd O. NelsonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1987, 35, 6, 871–877Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00078a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (954 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[11C,127I] Altropane: A highly selective ligand for PET imaging of dopamine transporter sites (2001)

The E isomer of (123)I-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-iodoprop-1-en-3-yl)nortropane (Altropane(R)) shows high affinity (IC(50) = 6.62 +/- 0.78 nmol) and selectivity (DA/5-HT = 25) for DAT sites in the striatum. Recently, dynamic SPECT studies in healthy volunteers and patients with Parkinson disease demonstrated that the kinetics of striatal accumulation followed a pattern that is characteristic of a reversible tracer with maximal accumulation within 30 min after injection. These findings suggested that radiolabeling Altropane with [(11)C] might provide an equivalent and complementary tracer for PET studies. [(127)I] Altropane was treated with HCl to hydrolyze the methyl ester bond and yield a precursor for [(11)C] labeling. Introduction of an [(11)C] methyl ester group was achieved by treatment with [(11)C] CH(3)I followed by HPLC purification. Five healthy rhesus monkeys were injected with approximately 10 mCi of [(127)I,(11)C] Altropane and dynamic PET images were acquired over 90 min. Arterial blood samples were collected in parallel with imaging and metabolite analysis was performed by HPLC. The PET and metabolite corrected arterial blood data were to calculate k(3)/k(4) by two methods: 1) nonlinear least-squares fitting, and 2) a linear graphical method for reversible ligands. The synthetic procedure yielded high specific activity tracer, >1,000 mCi/micro mole, with radiochemical purity >95%. Synthesis time was approximately 30 min. The PET images revealed excellent striatal definition, with clear separation of caudate nucleus and putamen and minimal accumulation in brain regions with high 5HT transporter density. Metabolite analysis demonstrated that at 60 min after injection, approximately 80% of circulating tracer was intact [(127)I,(11)C] Altropane and the remainder was converted to polar metabolites. Values for k(3)/k(4) calculated by two analysis methods were remarkably similar: Method 1, 3.48 +/- 0.41; Method 2, 3.77 +/- 0.45 (mean +/- SEM, t = 2.31, df = 8, P = 0.64). These results establish that Altropane has the important characteristics of: 1) rapid and specific striatal binding; 2) high selectivity for DA vs. 5-HT transporter sites; 3) reversible binding kinetics; 4) potential for multiple injection studies; 5) high efficiency labeling with either [(11)C] or [(123)I]; 6) applicability for both PET and SPECT. These properties make Altropane an important DAT ligand for both research and clinical applications.
A Simple Guide to Low-Power Wireless Technologies: Balancing the Tradeoffs for the Internet of Things and Medical Applications (2018)

In recent years, low-power radio has expanded to encompass a broad range of wireless technologies, architectures, standards, and applications. The Internet of Things (IoT) and implantable electronics have multiplied the use cases for standard commercial architectures, such as ZigBee, Bluetooth, and near-field communication (NFC), while also opening the door for more exploratory radio architectures like duty-cycled wake-up radio systems, ultranarrow-band radios, and ultrawideband (UWB) impulse radios (IRs), to name just a few.
The cognitive consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic: collateral damage? (2020)

Abstract Recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) will be principally defined in terms of remission from respiratory symptoms; however, both clinical and animal studies have shown that coronaviruses may spread to the nervous system. A systematic search on previous viral epidemics revealed that while there has been relatively little research in this area, clinical studies have commonly reported neurological disorders and cognitive difficulties. Little is known with regard to their incidence, duration or underlying neural basis. The hippocampus appears to be particularly vulnerable to coronavirus infections, thus increasing the probability of post-infection memory impairment, and acceleration of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Future knowledge of the impact of COVID-19, from epidemiological studies and clinical practice, will be needed to develop future screening and treatment programmes to minimize the long-term cognitive consequences of COVID-19.
Short report: study on the efficacy of a new long-acting formulation of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) for the prevention of tick attachment. (2000)

The beneficial effects of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) against biting insects of human and animals appear to last <6 hr after a single application to the skin. To prolong the repellent effects of DEET, recently we developed a new long-acting formulation of DEET called LIPODEET. This preparation was retained in the skin for a longer duration of time with minimal systemic absorption. In this study, we have evaluated the protective effect of three compounds (DEET, LIPODEET, and Morpel 220) against attachment of two species of ticks (Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis) to rabbit ears. Results show that LIPODEET and Morpel 220 were highly effective in preventing tick attachment to the skin for a longer duration of time (up to 72 hr) than DEET after a single application. Moreover, LIPODEET was found to be acaricidal to both the species of ticks.
IN VIVO PIV MEASUREMENTS IN THE EMBRYONIC CHICKEN HEART (2004)

A PIV system is developed that enables in vivo PIV measurements in small blood vessels with periodically moving boundaries such as the heart of a chicken embryo. Fluorescent lipid micro-spheres serve as tracer particles. The velocity distribution within the ventricle and the atrium of an embryonal chicken heart can be resolved. 1
Transglutaminase 2–Specific Autoantibodies in Celiac Disease Target Clustered, N-Terminal Epitopes Not Displayed on the Surface of Cells (2013)

The gluten-sensitive enteropathy celiac disease is tightly associated with the production of autoantibodies specific for the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2). The mechanisms underlying the activation of autoreactive B cells, however, are not well defined. To gain more insight into this autoimmune response we have characterized the binding of TG2 by a panel of human mAbs generated by expression cloning of Ig genes from single plasma cells of the celiac disease lesion. The Abs were highly specific to TG2 and bound preferentially to the open, Ca(2+)-activated enzyme conformation. Epitope mapping revealed that they recognize few distinct conformational epitopes that cluster in the N-terminal half of the enzyme. Two of the epitopes were overlapping with the fibronectin binding site in TG2, and none of the epitopes was accessible when TG2 was in a cell surface-bound form. Based on our findings, we propose that the autoantibodies are generated against the soluble, catalytically active enzyme, whereas Abs reactive with cell surface-associated TG2 are absent from the response due to negative selection of B cells recognizing membrane-bound self-Ag. The findings give insight into the mechanisms controlling the formation of anti-TG2 autoantibodies in celiac disease.
A Mild and Efficient Procedure for the N-Functionalization of S-Perfluoroalkylated Aryl Sulfoximines (2013)

Correction to: A Mild and Efficient Procedure for the N-Functionalization of S-Perfluoroalkylated Aryl SulfoximinesSynthesis 2013; 45(11): 1505-1512DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1338440
Absorption spectroscopy at the ultimate quantum limit from single-photon states (2016)

Absorption spectroscopy is routinely used to characterise chemical and biological samples. For the state-of-the-art in laser absorption spectroscopy, precision is theoretically limited by shot-noise due to the fundamental Poisson-distribution of photon number in laser radiation. In practice, the shot-noise limit can only be achieved when all other sources of noise are eliminated. Here, we use wavelength-correlated and tuneable photon pairs to demonstrate how absorption spectroscopy can be performed with precision beyond the shot-noise limit and near the ultimate quantum limit by using the optimal probe for absorption measurement—single photons. We present a practically realisable scheme, which we characterise both the precision and accuracy of by measuring the response of a control feature. We demonstrate that the technique can successfully probe liquid samples and using two spectrally similar types of haemoglobin we show that obtaining a given precision in resolution requires fewer heralded single probe photons compared to using an idealised laser.
Trace Metal Concentrations in the Surf Zone and in Coastal Waters off Baja California, Mexico (1996)

Pronounced spatial gradients were observed in trace element concentrations (Cd, Co, Cu, and Ni) in nearshore surf zone (<100 m offshore) and coastal (5−45 km offshore) waters off Baja California, Mexico. The ranges of metal concentrations in those waters were 0.034−0.26 nM for Cd, 0.022−0.59 nM for Co, 0.93−3.6 nM for Cu, and 3.6−6.4 nM for Ni. Metal concentrations exhibited offshore gradients, with the highest levels nearshore. Metal:salinity, metal:nutrient, and metal:metal relationships indicated that the relatively high nearshore concentrations were caused by upwelling (Cd and Ni) and by benthic particle resuspension and diagenetic remobilization (Co and Cu). The relatively low offshore concentration levels appeared to be caused, in part, by the intrusion of oceanic waters from the North Pacific Central Gyre, as evidenced by similarities in the molar ratios of Ag:Cu in coastal waters off Baja California (9.0 × 10-3) and in subtropical oceanic waters off central Mexico (9.6 × 10-3). This was also consistent with physical oceanographic measurements, which have traced the surfacing of the northward-flowing California Undercurrent off Baja California. The similarities between metal:nutrient and metal:metal ratios for surface waters off Baja California with those reported for the north Pacific suggested that distributions of Cd, Co, Cu, and Ni in the area of study appear to be dominated by natural physical and biogeochemical processes characteristic of open ocean waters.
Data from Functional <i>EGFR</i> Germline Polymorphisms May Confer Risk for <i>EGFR</i> Somatic Mutations in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer, with a Predominant Effect on Exon 19 Microdeletions (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Somatic mutations in the &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; tyrosine kinase domain play a critical role in the development and treatment of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Strong genetic influence on susceptibility to these mutations has been suggested. To identify the genetic factors conferring risk for the &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; tyrosine kinase mutations in NSCLC, a case–control study was conducted in 141 Taiwanese NSCLC patients by focusing on three functional polymorphisms in the &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; gene [−216G/T, intron 1 (CA)n, and R497K]. Allelic imbalance of the &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; −216G/T polymorphism was also tested in the heterozygous patients and in the NCI-60 cancer cell lines to further verify its function. We found that the frequencies of the alleles −216T and CA-19 are significantly higher in the patients with any mutation (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.032 and 0.01, respectively), in particular in those with exon 19 microdeletions (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.006 and 0.033, respectively), but not in the patients with L858R mutation. The −216T allele is favored to be amplified in both tumor DNA of lung cancer patients and cancer cell lines. We conclude that the local haplotype structures across the &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; gene may favor the development of cellular malignancies and thus significantly confer risk to the occurrence of &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; mutations in NSCLC, particularly the exon 19 microdeletions. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 71(7); 2423–7. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;