gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced vehicle stability of a truck using electric stability program together with steer-by-wire steering system (2004)

The increase of the commercial vehicle traffic on our roads is the main driver of the development of enhanced electronically controlled systems. In order to be able to control the growth of commercial traffic several systems will be introduced in order to reduce the gap between the dynamical behaviour of passenger cars and heavy vehicles. One of these will be the Steer-by-Wire (electronic or electrohydraulic steering), which will provide an opportunity for the other systems to intervene into the vehicle's directional control. One of the straightforward applications is the combined action of the brake and steering system based vehicle dynamic control. Although the brake system based ESP has many benefits, combining it with steering intervention will improve its functionality and capability of stabilizing the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle. This paper introduces the application of ESP and steer-by-wire systems together in order to increase the vehicle stability at different driving conditions.
The effect of pH on the self-assembly of a collagen derived peptide amphiphile (2013)

Transitions in nanostructure driven by pH are observed for a self-assembling peptide amphiphile (PA) with a cationic pentapeptide headgroup. At pH 3, the PA forms flat tape-like structures, while at pH 4 the PA assembles into twisted right handed structures. These twisted structures transform again to flat tape-like structures at pH 7. In complete contrast, spherical micelles are observed at pH 2. These changes in response to pH may be relevant to biological and pharmaceutical applications of this PA in skincare.
Molecular dynamics of octane in a gas liquid solution (1975)

A gas/liquid solution was formed by applying up to 70 (MPa) of argon to n−octane. The molecular dynamics of octane in the solution were measured by NMR relaxation techniques. A relatively insoluble gas, helium, was also applied so that the effect of pressure could be contrasted with the effect of solution. The transport properties of octane compressed by argon possessed two distinguishing features. First, the behavior of its diffusion constant indicated that the viscosity of the fluid decreased with pressure as more argon dissolved into the liquid. Second, the pressure depencence of octane’s over−all rotational correlation time was much less than the estimated pressure dependence of the solution’s viscosity. This latter feature could be explained by a microviscosity theory which takes into account the effect of solvent size on the coupling between molecular rotation and viscosity.
Charting Coordinates for the Self-Concept in Multidimensional Trait Space. (1982)

1 .. The traditional method of measuring self-esteem has been to construct instruments based on their face validity, even though this approach has been shown to involve many difficulties when deriving scales for subjective dimensions such as self-esteem. An alWiative approach to the measurement of self-esteem is based on teaniques of psychophysical scaling and plaCis respondents on their own subjective dimensions'derived from judgments of trait self-descriptions. To test the tech ique, 35 college students, participating in groups of 10-15, j f ged similarity for 210 pair comparisons involving 20 traits plui the concept yourself. Results indicated the weight vectors and person locationi provided alternative ways for representing individual differences relative to the evaluative dimensions obtained from multidimensional scaling. Students generally placed more emphasis on the horizontal dimension than on the vertical dimension, and person locations were primarily on the evaluative side of the horizontal dimension. The location of individuals was not correlated with traditional measuros of self-esteem. Charting coordinates for the self-concept in multidimensional trait space holds potential for producing a new measure of self-esteem. (JAC)
Research and Development of Opioid-Related Ligands (2013)

Conditioning pain modulation (CPM) is one of two dynamic test paradigms which measure an individual’s ability to dampen pain centrally. Diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) is inhibitory pain modulation measured through the ability of a conditioning pain to dampen capacity on a test pain in an anatomically different location from the conditioning pain (“heterotropic pain inhibiting pain”, also known as counterirritation). The primary target of DNIC is dorsal horn afferent neuron and wide dynamic range neuron. The critical medullary site for DNIC is the sub-nucleus reticularis dorsalis (SRD), located in the medulla. There is interplay between the SRD and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). Activation of the RVM by morphine impairs DNIC. There is also an important interplay between the SRD and the anterior cingulate gyrus. The spino-bulbo-spinal loop of DNIC is dependent upon serotonergic neurotransmission. DNIC can be imaged via EEG and functional MRI as well as measured clinically through CPM. DNIC decreases with age and is less efficient in females. Certain pain processing disorders such as fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome are more frequently associated with impaired DNIC. Duloxetine improves DNIC while morphine impairs DNIC. Clinically testing for DNIC through CPM may allow clinicians to better prescribe analgesics, as recently demonstrated in adaptive designed trials.
A magnetoelastic metallic glass low-frequency magnetometer (1992)

A complete theoretical analysis is presented of the operation of a magnetoelastic amorphous metal low-frequency magnetic field sensor. This directional magnetometer is a hybrid device consisting of a piezoelectric plate, a field-annealed amorphous metal ribbon, and a viscous fluid, and it exhibits a low-frequency magnetic field detection level of 8.0 pT/ square root Hz at 1.0 Hz. The sensor may also be configured as a first- and second-order gradiometer. The device analysis focuses on the influence of the constituent materials on the magnetometer performance, identifying potential noise sources and optimal design parameters. This analysis may be applied to a variety of magnetoelastic amorphous metal sensors, e.g. stress, strain, and torque sensors, and is also useful in research concerning fundamental aspects of magnetoelasticity. Experimental data are presented demonstrating the performance of magnetometers constructed with amorphous metal ribbons exhibiting striped and closure domain structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Heavy Oil Recovery in Potiguar Basin, Brazil: Steamflooding from Field Pilot Testing to Commercial Application (2001)

Abstract Northeastern Brazil, in the fields of Fazenda Belém, Estreito and Alto do Rodrigues. Shortly after discovery, they were stepwise and successfully put into production through steam cycling. However, upon trying to convert this operation to steamflooding via two field pilots in selected areas of Fazenda Belém and Alto do Rodrigues, where cycling had reached the economic limit, the results left much to be desired. The operation was suspended and production maintained by the original steamcycling program by expanding it into new areas of the fields. Based on the fact that the two steamflooding field pilot attempts were on patterns of 5 and 2½ acres, respectively, it was thought that reservoir heterogeneity, among other issues, could be responsible for the two consecutive failures. Consequently, a third pilot was decided upon, this time in a specific area of Estreito. Some 1,600 MMB of 15-16ºAPI OOIP were discovered in the early eighties, onshore Potiguar Basin, field. New wells were drilled for this purpose, defining four adjacent and inverted nine-spot patterns of 1¼ acre each. It was the year of 1993, when a project was approved in the portfolio of PRAVAP-Petrobras Strategic Advanced Oil Recovery Program, to design and implement the Estreito steamflooding pilot test, together with other related lines of research focused on the heavy oil accumulations in Potiguar Basin. Five years, 32,000 man-hours, and US$2.3 million later, the results were so encouraging that prompted the decision by the Operational Unit to initiate the corresponding study to scale-up the pilot test not only to the entire Estreito field but also to the neighboring, Alto do Rodrigues. In addition, this enterprise took into consideration the installation of a gas fired thermoelectric plant for the co-generation of steam and electricity, as to enhance the economic feasibility potential. This paper presents the results of the PRAVAP project, as well as the production forecasts for the ongoing effort to expand the steamfloding operation to the commercial scale in those two fields.
Synthesis of 2,4-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-diones and 3-thioxo-2,4-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-7-one by an intramolecular Michael-type reaction. Stability of 2,4-diaza-, 4-oxa-2-aza-, and 4-thia-2-aza-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-diones (1980)

Novel 2,4-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-diones (10) have been prepared by an intramolecular Michael-type cyclisation. The analogous 3-thioxo-2,4-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-7-one system (20) is obtained by base catalysed retro-Michael reaction of the less stable 3-arylimino-2-this-4-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-7-one isomer (19). The 2-aza-4-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-dione system (17) is shown to be very unstable to base, fragmenting via the carbamic acid to give carbon dioxide and a 4-N-substituted cyclopent-2-enone (11). The relative stability to base of these bicyclic systems is correlated with their structure.
Sixty-four multislice computed tomography after transcutaneous implantation of a Cribier-Edwards bioprosthesis in the aortic position (2008)

A 84-year-old male with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (valve area 0.66 cm2; transvalvular gradient 48 mmHg) declined for surgical aortic valve replacement due to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent transcatheter implantation of a 26 mm Cribier-Edwards aortic bioprosthesis (Edwards Lifesciences Inc, Irvine, CA, USA). The procedure was performed using the retrograde approach through the right femoral artery. The prosthetic heart valve made of three …
Focus on Causality in ESC/iPSC-Based Modeling of Psychiatric Disorders (2020)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified an increasing number of genetic variants that significantly associate with psychiatric disorders. Despite this wealth of information, our knowledge of which variants causally contribute to disease, how they interact, and even more so of the functions they regulate, is still poor. The availability of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the advent of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has opened new opportunities to investigate genetic risk variants in living disease-relevant cells. Here, we analyze how this progress has contributed to the analysis of causal relationships between genetic risk variants and neuronal phenotypes, especially in schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Studies on rare, highly penetrant risk variants have originally led the field, until more recently when the development of (epi-) genetic editing techniques spurred studies on cause-effect relationships between common low risk variants and their associated neuronal phenotypes. This reorientation not only offers new insights, but also raises issues on interpretability. Concluding, we consider potential caveats and upcoming developments in the field of ESC/iPSC-based modeling of causality in psychiatric disorders.
Determination of IUP Based on Susceptibility for Degradation by Default (2012)

Intrinsically unstructured proteins (IUPs) like the structured proteins are subjected to proteasomal degradation. However, unlike the structured ones, there is no crucial need of protein unfolding step to access the IUPs to the 20S catalytic subunit of the proteasome. This distinctive behavior set the stage for operational definition of the IUPs based on their susceptibility to the 20S degradation in a cell free system. Numerous studies revealed that this is the case in the cells as well, although no comprehensive analysis was performed to date. IUPs are degraded by the 20S proteasome subunit by default, without being polyubiquitinated or undergoing any other modifications. IUPs escape the process of degradation by default by a number of mechanisms, of which a more general one is interaction with a partner named nanny. Based on these attributes one can define IUP by conducting a set of cell free and cell culture experiments as outlined in this chapter.
Design and performance of a new digital phase shifter at X-band (2004)

A new digital phase shifter design at X-band is presented. The phase shifter operates based on converting a microstrip line to a rectangular waveguide and thus achieving the phase shift by changing the wave propagation constant through the medium. As a proof of principle, a 3-b phase shifter has been designed and constructed using PIN diode switches. An average insertion loss of 1.95 dB and phase shift error of less than 4/spl deg/ at 10.6 GHz are achieved.
Intracellular targeting of antigens internalized by membrane immunoglobulin in B lymphocytes. (1995)

An important function of membrane immunoglobulin (mIg), the B cell antigen receptor, is to endocytose limiting quantities of antigen for efficient presentation to class II-restricted T cells. We have used a panel of mIg mutants to analyze the mechanism of mIg-mediated antigen presentation, and specifically to explore the ability of mIg to target internalized antigen to intracellular processing compartments. Transfected mIgs carrying substitutions for the transmembrane Tyr587 residue fail to efficiently present specifically bound antigen. However, these mutants internalize antigen normally, and their defect cannot be attributed to a lack of mIg-associated Ig alpha/Ig beta molecules. A novel functional assay for detecting antigenic peptides in subcellular fractions shows that wild-type mIg transfectants generate class II-peptide complexes intracellularly, whereas only free antigenic peptides are detectable in the mutant mIg transfectants. Furthermore, an antigen competition assay reveals that antigen internalized by the mutant mIgs fails to enter the intracellular processing compartment accessed by wild-type mIg. Therefore, mIg specifically targets bound and endocytosed antigen to the intracellular compartment where processed peptides associate with class II molecules, and the transmembrane Tyr587 residue plays an obligatory role in this process. Targeting of internalized antigen may be mediated by receptor-associated chaperones, and may be a general mechanism for optimizing the presentation of specifically bound and endocytosed antigens in b lymphocytes and other antigen-presenting cells.
Thalamic involvement in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a diffusion-weighted MR imaging study. (2003)

A quantitative analysis of DW images with ADC measurements shows slight MR imaging changes in the thalamus in sCJD when abnormal SI may not be present.
Character (2020)

A tenet of the burgeoning history of emotions is that emotions are cultural and social practices that change over time. Emotional understandings, vocabularies and representations are neither universal nor constant, but historically contingent and in a continuing process of adaptation. In this chapter we first examine the dramatist's tool-kit that Shakespeare found to hand in his own theatrical profession and contemporary culture for constructing dramatic 'personations' apparently endowed with passions, affections and feelings. We then turn, necessarily more briefly, to how understanding of links between characters and emotions changed through the eighteenth century and into the more psychologically inclined twentieth and beyond. The main reference point is As You Like It, whose very title invites an affective audience response. This play abounds with characters speaking languages of love, and also exhibits metatheatrical references illuminating process of composition. We can observe at close range his strategies of creating 'feigned' dramatic personages who, though 'artificial', convey to audiences emotional consciousness.
The US department of Energy's R&D program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through beneficial uses of carbon dioxide (2011)

Abstract As high CO 2 ‐emitting utilities and other industries move toward implementing carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies to manage greenhouse gas emissions, more and more CO 2 will become available as a resource for multiple applications. CO 2 will be a plentiful potential feedstock (carbon source) for many products, including commercial chemicals, plastics, and improved cement. Unfortunately, CO 2 is a stable compound with a low energy state and does not readily participate in chemical reactions without added energy. Additionally, the supply of CO 2 that may be available as the USA moves toward a carbon‐constrained economy far exceeds the current demand for CO 2 as a commodity chemical. Thus, identifying candidate chemistries and economically feasible approaches that utilize large amounts of CO 2 as a feedstock for high‐demand products is very challenging. The United States Department of Energy (DOE), through its National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), has an active carbon sequestration program. The goal of the CO 2 Utilization Focus Area is to identify and develop a suite of technologies that can beneficially use CO 2 to produce useful products that can generate revenue to offset capture costs associated with CCS implementation, contribute to CO 2 emissions reductions, and reduce the demand for petroleum based feedstocks and products. Currently, projects being supported fall into the categories of (i) enhanced hydrocarbon recovery, (ii) chemicals production, (iii) mineralization processes for building products, and (iv) plastics production. This perspective discusses the current status of CO 2 use and presents a review of DOE's program to identify and demonstrate uses for captured CO 2 . © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd
Sur une méthode itérative de résolution de certaines équations intégrales (1965)

Les équations du type ΔU = f(M) + g(M). U(M), fréquemment rencontrées en physique (problèmes de perturbation), peuvent être transformées en des équations intégrales de Fredholm, lorsque les conditions aux limites sont précisées. Malheureusement, les séries de Liouville-Neumann, solutions de ces équations intégrales, sont assez souvent divergentes. Pour atteindre les solutions désirées, on propose une méthode itérative plus générale, permettant de former des suites convergentes après un choix convenable de certaines fonctions a priori arbitraires, introduites dans les relations analytiques utilisées.
Fundamental constraints on the performance of broadband ultrasonic matching structures and absorbers (2009)

Recent fundamental results concerning the ultimate performance of electromagnetic absorbers were adapted and extrapolated to the field of sound waves. It was possible to deduce some appropriate figures of merit indicating whether a particular structure was close to the best possible matching properties. These figures of merit had simple expressions and were easy to compute in practical cases. Numerical examples illustrated that conventional state-of-the-art matching structures had an overall efficiency of approximately 50% of the fundamental limit. However, if the bandwidth at -6 dB was retained as a benchmark, the achieved bandwidth would be, at most, 12% of the fundamental limit associated with the same mass for the matching structure. Consequently, both encouragement for future improvements and accurate estimates of the surface mass required to obtain certain desired broadband properties could be provided. The results presented here can be used to investigate the broadband sound absorption and to benchmark passive and active noise control systems.
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) Measures Oxygen Gradients in Microfluidic Bioreactors (2006)

A unique FLIM system was employed to quantitatively image extracellular oxygen distributions in perfused micro-bioreactors. We report effects of cell density on oxygen consumption and the first such measurement of oxygen gradients formed within micro-bioreactors
Multicomponent Sex Pheromone in Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1999)

Journal Article Multicomponent Sex Pheromone in Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Get access Ashraf El-Sayed, Ashraf El-Sayed 1To whom correspondence should be addressed: Southern Crop Protection & Food Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Vineland Station, Ontario LOR 2 Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marie Bengtsson, Marie Bengtsson Department of Plant Protection Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stefan Rauscher, Stefan Rauscher 2Swiss Federal Research Station, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jan Löfqvist, Jan Löfqvist Department of Plant Protection Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter Witzgall Peter Witzgall Department of Plant Protection Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 28, Issue 5, 1 October 1999, Pages 775–779, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/28.5.775 Published: 01 October 1999 Article history Received: 14 October 1998 Accepted: 24 May 1999 Published: 01 October 1999
Exploiting Niches Using Relationship Marketing (1992)

Discusses niche and relationship marketing strategies as responses to fragmentation of the mass market. Considers the different perspectives of these approaches and how the two may be integrated into an overall marketing strategy. Concludes that marketers need to move from a top‐down approach of segmentation to a bottom‐up approach of aggregating individual needs, and an integrative relationship marketing system using a customer database is a way of doing so.
Novel Type of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec in a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain Isolated in Sweden (2008)

We identified a novel type of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) element carried by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain JCSC6082 isolated in Sweden. The SCCmec element was demarcated by characteristic nucleotide sequences at both ends and was integrated at the 3' end of orfX. The element carried a novel combination of a type 5 ccr gene complex and class C1 mec gene complex. The J regions of the element were homologous to those of the SCCmercury element of S. aureus strain 85/2082, with nucleotide identity greater than 99%. However, the novel SCCmec element from JCSC6082 did not carry the mer operon nor Tn554, suggesting that evolution to SCCmec could have been from a common ancestor by acquisition of the class C1 mec gene complex. The novel SCCmec element from JCSC6082 was flanked by a novel SCC-like chromosome cassette (CC6082), which was demarcated by two direct repeats and could be excised from the chromosome independently of the SCCmec element. Our data suggest that novel SCCmec elements can be generated on the staphylococcal chromosome through the recombination between extant SCC elements and mec gene complexes.