gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small And Large Signal Modeling Of MM-Wave MHEMT Devices (2003)

This research effort advances millimeter-wave transistor modeling in a current RF/Microwave circuit simulator (Agilent's Advanced Design System-ADS) for small-signal noise and large signal simulations. The device modeled is a metamorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor (mHEMT) supplied by Raytheon RF components. Because of their structure, these new low noise devices are used in this work to test the abilities to accurately model in the sub 0.5dB noise figure territory and to study model prediction into W-band (75-110 GHz).\nNew modeling issues discussed in this thesis involve the effects of noise modeling in relation to the small-signal model parameters. The noise modeling identifies two methods of extraction and how to determine good noise data. Other modeling topics addressed are the use of an advanced nonlinear model, and the ability to optimize for gain compression in the nonlinear model.\nSeveral measurement systems were used in the extraction and validation of this modeling effort. They consist of the ATN NP5 noise system, Maury Automated Tuner System, Agilent's IC-CAP, and Gateway's Special. The concept behind using these systems was to construct a complete modeling reference for a transistor and validate it against noise parameter and nonlinear measured data. Since the modeling work for this thesis is built on previous work, one goal has been to bring past USF field-effect transistor (FET) modeling efforts up to date and refine them for future use.\nThe noise measurements were compared to results from Raytheon to validate the USF ATN noise parameter measurement system. Also the IC-CAP modeling system has been validated in measuring the test devices using the Maury load-pull system.\nSmall-signal and noise modeling were accomplished using techniques standardized from several technical papers and prior USF Ph.D. work relative to the model extraction. The IC-CAP modeling software also provided a straightforward platform for large-signal model extraction that is documented in this thesis. Using optimization in ADS, a final nonlinear was created.\nMeasured DC, S-parameter, noise parameters, harmonic power, TOI, load-pull, and efficiency measurements were shown to compare well with model data simulated in ADS. Temperature scaling was also executed using a linear approximation of model values over measured temperatures in the noise model. The results presented show that the models developed illustrate good fitting of the behavior of the mHEMT device.
C2 Vacancy-Mediated N2 Activation over Ni-Loaded Rare-Earth Dicarbides for Ammonia Synthesis (2021)

Present in various forms, diatomic carbon (C2) unfolds fascinating science, bridging organic and inorganic and molecular and crystalline chemistry. Rare-earth dicarbides have the simplest rock-salt-like crystalline structure that contains C2 units and have rarely been studied for catalysis. Here, we present N2 activation on the C2 vacancy of rare-earth dicarbides for ammonia (NH3) synthesis under mild conditions. We show both experimentally and theoretically that C2 vacancies can be generated on CeC2 by H2 treatment, which could be further promoted by Ni loading, thanks to its superior H2 activation feature. The infrared spectroscopic study confirms that N2 adsorption on the C2 vacancy leads to partial reduction of N2. Adsorbed nitrogen species on Ni-loaded CeC2 catalyst (Ni/CeC2) after NH3 synthesis are identified to be reactive with H2 at NH3 synthesis temperature, and their entity was identified as N2 and NHx at the site of the C2 vacancy of CeC2 by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods. Ni/CeC2 exhibits a catalytic activity of 3.4 mmol g–1 h–1, comparable to state-of-the-art Ni-loaded CeN (Ni/CeN) under 0.1 MPa, 400 °C. The catalytic mechanism is elucidated by DFT calculations to reveal the synergy between CeC2 and Ni as well as each stage of the NH3 synthesis catalytic cycle mediated by the C2 vacancy. Further, Ni/CeC2 and Ni/CeN were compared to find their differences in N2 adsorption and the NH3 synthesis catalytic pathway.
The Potential Regulation of L1 Mobility by RNA Interference (2006)

The hypothesis that RNA interference constrains L1 mobility seems inherently reasonable: L1 mobility can be dangerous and L1 RNA, the presumed target of RNAi, serves as a critical retrotransposition intermediate. Despite its plausibility, proof for this hypothesis has been difficult to obtain. Studies attempting to link the L1 retrotransposition frequency to alterations in RNAi activity have been hampered by the long times required to measure retrotransposition frequency, the pleiotropic and toxic effects of altering RNAi over similar time periods, and the possibility that other cellular machinery may contribute to the regulation of L1s. Another problem is that the commonly used L1 reporter cassette may serve as a substrate for RNAi. Here we review the L1-RNAi hypothesis and describe a genetic assay with a modified reporter cassette that detects approximately 4 times more L1 insertions than the conventional retrotransposition assay.
The kinetics of hydrolytic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam. II. Determination of the kinetic and thermodynamic constants by least‐squares curve fitting (1980)

Abstract The kinetic and thermodynamic constants of the hydrolytic polymerization of ∂‐caprolactam were determined by least‐squares curve fitting. The calculations were carried out using observed kinetic data such as concentration of ∂‐caprolactam ([CL]), endgroup ([EG]), and ∂‐aminocaproic acid ([ACA]) and time derivatives of each concentration (rates) ∂[CL]/∂ t , ∂[EG]/∂ t , and ∂[ACA]/∂ t . The sets of the converged constants are obtained for the initial water concentrations of 0.42, 0.82, and 1.18 mole/kg. An averaged set of the constants applicable for this range of the initial composition was also evaluated. The compatibility between observed and calculated concentration and rate curves was improved by the use of the newly developed sets of the constants. The mechanism of the polycondensation reaction is also discussed, based on the rate and kinetic constants obtained by this work.
A Study of Helium ion induced Secondary Electron Emission (2008)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2008 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, August 3 – August 7, 2008
Time-resolved study of sideband generation and transition to chaos on an infrared FEL (1994)

We report observations on sideband generation and transition to chaos in an infrared Free Electron Laser operating at a wavelength {lambda}{sub r} of 4 {mu}m with a low loss optical cavity. The temporal evolution of the radiation spectrum through the complete macropulse has been measured on a micropulse to micropulse basis. Stable sidebands are observed for small cavity detuning with frequency offsets in good agreement with calculations. For even smaller cavity detuning, self-oscillations occur with the main laser wavelength varying by up to 2%. Using a wavelength stabilization system based on RF feedback, we have suppressed these wavelength fluctuations without loss of peak power.
Common tinea infections in children. (2008)

The common dermatophyte genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton are major causes of superficial fungal infections in children. These infections (e.g., tinea corporis, pedis, cruris, and unguium) are typically acquired directly from contact with infected humans or animals or indirectly from exposure to contaminated soil or fomites. A diagnosis usually can be made with a focused history, physical examination, and potassium hydroxide microscopy. Occasionally, Wood's lamp examination, fungal culture, or histologic tissue examination is required. Most tinea infections can be managed with topical therapies; oral treatment is reserved for tinea capitis, severe tinea pedis, and tinea unguium. Topical therapy with fungicidal allylamines may have slightly higher cure rates and shorter treatment courses than with fungistatic azoles. Although oral griseofulvin has been the standard treatment for tinea capitis, newer oral antifungal agents such as terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole are effective, safe, and have shorter treatment courses.
Impact of body bias on alpha- and neutron-induced soft error rates of flip-flops (2004)

Soft error rate measurements for flip-flops on two testchips in 180nm and 130nm logic technologies show that using forward body bias improves alpha SER by 35% and neutron SER by 23%, while applying reverse body bias degrades SER by 9% to 36%. Body bias impact on SER remains virtually unchanged with technology scaling.
Characterization of Environmental Dust in the Dammam Area and Mud After-Effects on Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate Sheets (2016)

Owing to recent climate changes, dust storms are increasingly common, particularly in the Middle East region. Dust accumulation and subsequent mud formation on solid surfaces in humid environments typically have adverse effects on surface properties such as optical transmittance, surface texture, and microhardness. This is usually because the mud, which contains alkaline and ionic species, adheres strongly to the surface, often through chemical bonds, and is therefore difficult to remove. In this study, environmental dust and the after-effects of mud formed on a polycarbonate sheet, which is commonly used as a protective glass in photovoltaic cells. Ionic compounds (OH(-)) are shown to significantly affect the optical, mechanical, and textural characteristics of the polycarbonate surface, and to increase the adhesion work required to remove the dry mud from the polycarbonate surface upon drying. Such ability to modify characteristics of the polycarbonate surface could address the dust/mud-related limitations of superhydrophobic surfaces.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of l0‐Alkylthio‐ and Arylthio‐1,8‐dihydroxy‐9‐anthrones, a New Class of Anthracene Derivatives of Potential Pharmacological Interest. (1986)

Abstract Das Trihydroxyanthron (I) wird mit den Mercaptanen (II) in Trifluoressigsäure zu den Sulfiden (III) umgesetzt.
A 6 T refrigerator-cooled NbTi superconducting magnet with 180 mm room temperature bore (1995)

A 6 T NbTi superconducting magnet, cooled by a 4 K GM (Gifford-McMahon) refrigerator has been developed. Magnetic material, Er/sub 3/Ni, is used as the regenerator to cool the coil to liquid helium temperature. The central field strength in the 180 mm room temperature bore is designed to be 6 T. NbTi coil dimensions are, 215 mm in inner diameter, 279 mm in outer diameter, and 240 mm in axial length. The coil winding is an epoxy-impregnated structure without a bore tube, thereby reducing mechanical disturbances. The coil heat is removed through the outer metal cylinder. A pair of Bi(2212) current leads has been developed to reduce heat leakage into the 4 K level. A cold diode is used to protect the coil even if the oxide lead is burned out. The magnet attained 6.45 T central field at 3.61 K coil-winding temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Inverse Correlation between Cyclin A1 Hypermethylation and p53 Mutation in Head and Neck Cancer Identified by Reversal of Epigenetic Silencing (2004)

Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is proposed to be a common feature of primary cancer cells. We recently developed a pharmacological unmasking microarray approach to screen unknown tumor suppressor gene candidates epigenetically silenced in human cancers. In this study, we applied this method to identify such genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We identified 12 novel methylated genes in HNSCC cell lines, including PGP9.5, cyclin A1, G0S2, bone-morphogenetic protein 2A, MT1G, and neuromedin U, which showed frequent promoter hypermethylation in primary HNSCC (60%, 45%, 35%, 25%, 25%, and 20%, respectively). Moreover, we discovered that cyclin A1 methylation was inversely related to p53 mutational status in primary tumors (P = 0.015), and forced expression of cyclin A1 resulted in robust induction of wild-type p53 in HNSCC cell lines. Pharmacological unmasking followed by microarray analysis is a powerful tool to identify key methylated tumor suppressor genes and relevant pathways.
Context based emotion detection from text input (2004)

Emotion detection was normally conducted from the viewpoint of prosody and articulation features. There is still an opening question on how to extract the emotion from the text input. To solve the problem, the paper generates an emotion estimation net (ESiN), which combines the content words and emotion functional words to estimate the final emotion output. In the paper, emotion functional words are also classified into emotional keyword, modifier word and metaphor word. To make more detailed word classification, some context information was analyzed. Both experiments and cross tests show that the method could generate the good results for emotion detection from text input.
40 Gbit/s waveguide avalanche photodiode with p-type absorption layer and thin InAlAs multiplication layer (2007)

Waveguide avalanche photodiodes exhibiting both wide bandwidth and high gain bandwidth product have been developed. An absorption layer includes a p-type quasi-field-formed layer and a multiplication layer consists of InAlAs with a low ionisation rate ratio. Optimisation of the design yielded superior performance such as a wide bandwidth of 36.5 GHz, a gain band width of 170 GHz and a high quantum efficiency of 0.75 A/W.
Fusion of Multiple Lidars and Inertial Sensors for the Real-Time Pose Tracking of Human Motion (2020)

Today, enhancement in sensing technology enables the use of multiple sensors to track human motion/activity precisely. Tracking human motion has various applications, such as fitness training, healthcare, rehabilitation, human-computer interaction, virtual reality, and activity recognition. Therefore, the fusion of multiple sensors creates new opportunities to develop and improve an existing system. This paper proposes a pose-tracking system by fusing multiple three-dimensional (3D) light detection and ranging (lidar) and inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors. The initial step estimates the human skeletal parameters proportional to the target user's height by extracting the point cloud from lidars. Next, IMUs are used to capture the orientation of each skeleton segment and estimate the respective joint positions. In the final stage, the displacement drift in the position is corrected by fusing the data from both sensors in real time. The installation setup is relatively effortless, flexible for sensor locations, and delivers results comparable to the state-of-the-art pose-tracking system. We evaluated the proposed system regarding its accuracy in the user's height estimation, full-body joint position estimation, and reconstruction of the 3D avatar. We used a publicly available dataset for the experimental evaluation wherever possible. The results reveal that the accuracy of height and the position estimation is well within an acceptable range of ±3-5 cm. The reconstruction of the motion based on the publicly available dataset and our data is precise and realistic.
Sub-imaging Techniques For 3D-Interconnects On Bonded Wafer Pairs (2010)

The semiconductor industry's ability to follow Moore's law to continue to increase the number of components on integrated circuits is increasingly difficult. One way to improve the product performance even at decreased footprint is the use of 3D interconnects which stacks multiple chips in a single package. This new technology for connecting chips overcomes some of the limitations of 2D interconnects. For example, 3D interconnects significantly reduce interconnect delay and improve clock distribution. At the same time that research into 3D technology such as Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) is advancing quickly, the microscopy techniques used in the evaluation of TSV must also advance in capability. Void inspection after copper plating, defect detection and overlay measurements after wafer bonding are challenging. Microscopy techniques for which silicon is opaque such as scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) and confocal infrared microscope (IR) are capable of inspecting the interface between bonded wafer pairs, while high resolution X‐Ray techniques are used to detect voids in TSVs. Initial work was done to determine the limitation of these techniques. Four pairs of bonded wafers were prepared at different thicknesses (100, 200, 300 and 400 μm) to evaluate the effects of wafer thinning using acoustic and infrared microscopy techniques. SAM was able to resolve the 20 μm alignment structure with 300 MHz transducer on 300 mm wafer pair, while IR has sub‐micron resolution for all bonded wafers. This paper discusses the current status of SAM, IR microscopy and XRM in terms of their application to process metrology for 3D interconnects.
Figure S3 from Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Carboplatin in High-Dose Protocol (TI-CE) for Advanced Germ Cell Tumors: Pharmacokinetic Results of a Phase II Multicenter Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Box plot of total observed carboplatin AUC (when TDM is used) or total predicted AUC (when dose is calculated using solely formula-based method) in cycle 1 of patients having serum creatinine level greater than 120 µM (n=7).&lt;/p&gt;
Formamicin, a Novel Antifungal Antibiotic Produced by a Strain of Saccharothrix sp. II. Structure Elucidation of Formamicin. (1997)

A novel antifungal antibiotic, formamicin, was isolated from the culture broth of Saccharothrix sp. MK27-91F2. The absolute structure of formamicin was determinated by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis and degradation study.
Data from Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Predicting and Detecting Early Response to Chemoradiation Therapy of Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for prediction and early detection of treatment response in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed on 40 patients with newly diagnosed HNSCC before, during, and after the end of chemoradiation therapy. Analysis was done on data from 33 patients after exclusion of 7 patients that had incomplete data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Pretreatment ADC value of complete responders (1.04 ± 0.19 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt; mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/s) was significantly lower (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) than that from partial responders (1.35 ± 0.30 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt; mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/s). A significant increase in ADC was observed in complete responders within 1 week of treatment (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01), which remained high until the end of the treatment. The complete responders also showed significantly higher increase in ADC than the partial responders by the first week of chemoradiation (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). When pretreatment ADC value was used for predicting treatment response, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.80 with a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 86%. However, change in ADC within the first week of chemoradiation therapy resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88 with 86% sensitivity and 83% specificity for prediction of treatment response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These results suggest that ADC can be used as a marker for prediction and early detection of response to concurrent chemoradiation therapy in HNSCC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Unsupervised prediction of citation influences (2007)

Abstract Publication repositories contain an abundance of information about the \nevolution of scientific research areas. We address the problem of creating a \nvisualization of a research area that describes the flow of topics between \npapers, quantifies the impact that papers have on each other, and helps to \nidentify key contributions. To this end, we devise a probabilistic topic model \nthat explains the generation of documents; the model incorporates the aspects \nof topical innovation and topical inheritance via citations. We evaluate the \nmodel's ability to predict the strength of influence of citations against \nmanually rated citations.
Understanding implications of DNS zone provisioning (2008)

DNS is a critical component of the Internet. This paper takes a comprehensive look at the provisioning of Internet domains and its impact on the availability of various services. To gather data, we sweep 60% of the Internet's domains for zone transfers. 6.6% of them allow us to transfer their complete information. We find that carelessness in handling DNS records can lead to reduced availability of name servers, email, and Web servers. It also undermines anti-spam efforts and the efforts to shut down phishing sites or to contain malware infections.
Biomimetics: its practice and theory (2006)

Biomimetics, a name coined by Otto Schmitt in the 1950s for the transfer of ideas and analogues from biology to technology, has produced some significant and successful devices and concepts in the past 50 years, but is still empirical. We show that TRIZ, the Russian system of problem solving, can be adapted to illuminate and manipulate this process of transfer. Analysis using TRIZ shows that there is only 12% similarity between biology and technology in the principles which solutions to problems illustrate, and while technology solves problems largely by manipulating usage of energy, biology uses information and structure, two factors largely ignored by technology.
Fabrication of bilayer wire grid polarizer using replicated polymer nano grating (2011)

A bilayer wire grid polarizer composed of UV-replicated nanograting and deposited aluminum layer was designed, fabricated and evaluated for a simpler and less costly reflective polarizer. An electroformed nickel stamp was fabricated using a lithographed photo resist master pattern having a nanograting with a pitch of 80 nm, a line width of 50 nm, and a height of grating of 100 nm. A polymer grating was fabricated by the UV replication process and an aluminum layer with a thickness of 50 nm was deposited by electron-beam evaporation. To examine the performance of the fabricated bilayer wire-grid polarizer, the transmission spectra of TM- and TE-polarized light, and the extinction ratio spectra were measured and compared with the simulated values obtained from the rigorous coupled wave analysis. The measured TMtransmittance and extinction ratio of the fabricated bilayer wire grid polarizer were ~ 40 % and ~ 103 in whole visible ranges, respectively.
Radioimmunoassay for pantothenic acid in blood and other tissues. (1979)

We describe a radioimmunoassay for pantothenic acid in biological tissues. D-Pantothenic acid was conjugated with bovine serum albumin by use of a bromoacetyl derivative of pantothenic acid, and antibody to this antigen was raised by injecting it into the foot pads of rabbits. For the radioimmunoassay, a 100-fold dilution of the resulting antiserum was incubated with radiolabeled pantothentic acid. The antibodies were precipitated and dissolved, and the radioactivity of the solution was measured in a liquid scintillation counter. Between 5 and 125 ng of pantothenic acid can be detected in 75 muL of tissue extract. Validation included recovery and precision studies, parallelism with tissue extracts, and competitive binding studies. Results of the radioimmunoassay and those of microbiological assay with use of Lactobacillus plantarum correlated well (r = 0.80).