gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensing the Pulse of Urban Activity Centers Leveraging Bike Sharing Open Data (2015)

Understanding social activities in Urban Activity Centers can benefit both urban authorities and citizens. Traditionally, monitoring large social activities usually incurs significant costs of human labor and time. Fortunately, with the recent booming of urban open data, a wide variety of human digital footprints have become openly accessible, providing us with new opportunities to understand the social dynamics in the cities. In this paper, we resort to urban open data from bike sharing systems, and propose a two-phase framework to identify social activities in Urban Activity Centers based on bike sharing open data. More specifically, we first detect bike usage anomalies from the bike trip data, and then identify the potential social activities from the detected anomalies using a proposed heuristic method by considering both spatial and temporal constraints. We evaluate our framework based on the large-scale real-world dataset collected from the bike sharing system of Washington, D.C. The results show that our framework can efficiently identify social activities in different types of Urban Activity Centers and outperforms the baseline approach. In particular, our framework can identify 89% of the social activities in the major Urban Activity Centers of Washington, D.C.
How High-Speed Telemetry Affects the Drilling Process (2009)

Technology Update Regardless of whether you look at consumer or industrial applications, whenever a technical breakthrough in available communication bandwidth is achieved, the affected environment and feasible applications change significantly. One recent example was the introduction of the digital subscriber line (DSL) to replace modems for Internet access. With high-speed telemetry systems becoming economically viable in an increasing number of drilling applications, our industry is in a situation similar to that seen at the introduction of DSL. Following the parallel of Internet access via DSL vs. modem, the relevant questions are: How has high-speed telemetry changed the drilling process, and what further changes will we see in the near future? This article first intends to explain why oilfield service companies continually strive for higher telemetry data rates. It then identifies and exemplifies fields of application for both available technologies—high-speed mud-pulse telemetry and wired drillstring telemetry—with two case histories. The conclusion provides an outlook on possible future opportunities and technological developments. Rationale for Higher Telemetry Data Rates Every breakthrough in drilling technology creates an increasing demand on telemetry speed, requiring new telemetry technologies to meet that demand. Consequently, the meaning of high-speed telemetry has changed and will continue to change over time. The most recent major change in drilling technologies has been the rise of increasingly sophisticated measurement-while-drilling (MWD) and logging-while-drilling (LWD) services, e.g., drilling dynamics, formation-pressure testing, high-resolution resistivity and electrical images, and magnetic-resonance measurements. MWD and LWD services reduce the necessity for wireline runs and increase the log quality at the same time because the formation is logged immediately after penetration. In contrast to wireline logging, MWD/LWD tools "see" the freshly cut formation rather than logging it after days of exposure to drilling mud, which results in formation deterioration. They also make downhole drilling-dynamics measurements available in real time, something that has previously been impossible. In the past, one of the major challenges with MWD/LWD services was the ability to transmit all the data gathered downhole. The majority of measurements were written to memory onboard the downhole tool, and only a fraction of the collected data was transmitted in real time to surface. The data then was retrieved from memory after pulling the drillstring out of hole.
An operational definition of quark and gluon jets (2023)

While “quark” and “gluon” jets are often treated as separate, well-defined objects in both theoretical and experimental contexts, no precise, practical, and hadron-level definition of jet flavor presently exists. To remedy this issue, we develop and advocate for a data-driven, operational definition of quark and gluon jets that is readily applicable at colliders. Rather than specifying a per-jet flavor label, we aggregately define quark and gluon jets at the distribution level in terms of measured hadronic cross sections. Intuitively, quark and gluon jets emerge as the two maximally separable categories within two jet samples in data. Benefiting from recent work on data-driven classifiers and topic modeling for jets, we show that the practical tools needed to implement our definition already exist for experimental applications. As an informative example, we demonstrate the power of our operational definition using Z+jet and dijet samples, illustrating that pure quark and gluon distributions and fractions can be successfully extracted in a fully well-defined manner.
The ratio of platelet count / spleen diameter is an easy, accurate and affordable way to detect esophageal varices caused by chronic liver diseases (2021)

Variceal bleeding is one of the most serious consequences of liver cirrhosis due to its attendant high mortality. The prevalence of varices in patients with cirrhosis is approximately 60- 80% and the risk of hemorrhage is 25-35%. The incidence of first variceal hemorrhage ranges from 20 to 40% within 2 years. Recurrent bleedings occur in 30% to 40% of patients within the next 2 to 3 days and in up to 60 % within 1 week. Therefore, the prevention of esophageal varietal (OV) bleeding remains one of important long-term management lines of cirrhotic patients. The objective of the study is to assess the reliability of platelet count/spleen diameter (PC/SD) ratio for the noninvasive detection of OV in cirrhotic patients. One hundred twenty-five patients with history of chronic liver disease (CLD) were recruited from the GIT Hospital in The Medical City in Baghdad, Iraq. These patients had blood tests for platelet count, ultrasound examination to measure spleen diameter, and gastrostomy. Platelet count/spleen diameter ratio was calculated and compared with the presence/absence of oesophagealvarices. There was a high statistically significant correlation with high diagnostic accuracy of PC/SD ratio in detection esophageal varices and it was correlated well with size of varices. The platelet count/ bipolar spleen diameter ratio is a highly accurate noninvasive test to assess the OV in patients with CLD. It is easy to calculate and can lower the financial and sanitary burdens of endoscopy units, especially in developing countries.
Improvement Of Short Channel Effects In Cylindrical Strained Silicon Nanowire Transistor (2010)

In this paper we investigate the electrical characteristics of a new structure of gate all around strained silicon nanowire field effect transistors (FETs) with dual dielectrics by changing the radius (RSiGe) of silicon-germanium (SiGe) wire and gate dielectric. Indeed the effect of high-κ dielectric on Field Induced Barrier Lowering (FIBL) has been studied. Due to the higher electron mobility in tensile strained silicon, the n-type FETs with strained silicon channel have better drain current compare with the pure Si one. In this structure gate dielectric divided in two parts, we have used high-κ dielectric near the source and low-κ dielectric near the drain to reduce the short channel effects. By this structure short channel effects such as FIBL will be reduced indeed by increasing the RSiGe, ID-VD characteristics will be improved. The leakage current and transfer characteristics, the threshold-voltage (Vt), the drain induced barrier height lowering (DIBL), are estimated with respect to, gate bias (VG), RSiGe and different gate dielectrics. For short channel effects, such as DIBL, gate all around strained silicon nanowire FET have similar characteristics with the pure Si one while dual dielectrics can improve short channel effects in this structure.
Calibration of the Injection Volume for Microinjection of Xenopus Oocytes and Embryos (2010)

Microinjection of Xenopus oocytes or embryos with messenger RNA (mRNA) or DNA is a powerful technique for studying development. Before microinjection can be performed, the injection volume must be calibrated carefully. This protocol describes the calibration procedure for a pressure injector.
Transparent Process Monitoring in a Virtual Environment (2009)

PsycoTrace is a system that integrates static and dynamic tools to protect a process from attacks that alter the process self as specified by the program source code. The static tools build a context-free grammar that describes the sequences of system calls the process may issue and a set of assertions on the process state, one for each invocation. The dynamic tools parse the call trace of the process to check that it belongs to the grammar language and evaluate the assertions. This paper describes the architecture of PsycoTrace, which exploits virtualization to introduce two virtual machines, the monitored and the monitoring virtual machines, to increase both the robustness and the transparency of the monitoring because the machine that implements all the checks is strongly separated from the monitored one. We discuss the modification to the kernel of the monitored machine to trace system call invocations, the definition of the legal traces and the checks to prove the trace is valid. We describe how PsycoTrace applies introspection to evaluate the assertions and analyze the state of the monitored machine and of its data structures. Finally, we present the security and performance results of the dynamic tools, and the implementation of the static tools.
Acid-base derangements during sorbent regenerative hemodialysis in mechanically ventilated patients (1991)

Sorbent hemodialysis in mechanically ventilated patients is accompanied by acidosis that may contribute to hemodynamic instability.
Abstract 870: Derivation and characterization of antibodies from immune checkpoint blockade treated cancer patients (2016)

Abstract The IgG+ memory B cell repertoire of cancer patients demonstrating durable responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapy has been interrogated to identify tumor specific antibodies. Matched serum and PBMC samples have been collected from 10 melanoma patients with durable responses to treatment with ipilimumab. A panel of 7 well characterized melanoma cell lines with a diverse set of oncogenic driver mutations has been employed to assess durable responder patient serum reactivity to cell surface determinants in a live-cell flow cytometry assay. IgG+ memory B cells obtained from several prioritized durable responder melanoma patients have been plated out on 384 well plates at monoclonal density. The memory B cells have been activated in a short term culture system optimized to expand the clonal B cells and induce secretion of IgG. Antibodies secreted from clonally expanded B cells have been screened using live cell high throughput multiplex flow cytometry assays against a panel of melanoma cell lines. A prioritized subset of antibodies, selected on the basis of tumor cell line binding profiles and antibody v-region sequences, has been cloned and expressed as recombinant IgG1. A cell surface target for a prioritized antibody has been identified and the in vitro analysis and characterization of the antibody including functional activity and immunohistochemistry staining on tumor and normal tissues has been carried out in preparation for in vivo testing of efficacy. Citation Format: Mark Branum, Laura Smith, Heather Brett, Paul Algate, Brad Greenfield, William Brown, Kristine M. Swiderek. Derivation and characterization of antibodies from immune checkpoint blockade treated cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 870.
RANTES Production by T Cells and CD8‐Mediated Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gene Expression before Initiation of Potent Antiretroviral Therapy Predict Sustained Suppression of Viral Replication (2000)

A prospective blinded study was conducted to determine whether immunological differences exist between patients receiving potent antiretroviral therapy who are able to achieve and maintain an undetectable virus load (<50 copies/mL) and those who are not. Eleven patients receiving protease inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy were studied for 1 year. After analysis of all baseline samples, patient virus load was disclosed, and patients were classified as suppressors (those who maintained undetectable virus load for 1 year) and nonsuppressors. Baseline virus load and CD4+ T cell count did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Levels of RANTES production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD8-mediated inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene expression before initiation of antiretroviral therapy were significantly associated with an undetectable virus load maintained for 1 year (P<.05). Thus, a functionally intact T cell-mediated immune system at the time of initiation of potent antiretroviral therapy may predict long-term virus suppression.
Plasma and tumor microenvironment: implications in tumor vessel normalization (2013)

International audience
Discovery and Evolution of Bunyavirids in Arctic Phantom Midges and Ancient Bunyavirid-Like Sequences in Insect Genomes (2014)

Very little is known about the viral diversity in polar freshwater ponds, and perhaps less is known about the effects that climate-induced habitat changes in these regions will have on virus-host interactions in the coming years. Our results show that at the tundra-boreal boundary, a hidden viral landscape is being altered as infected boreal phantom midges colonize tundra ponds. Likewise, relatively little is known of the deeper evolutionary history of bunyavirids that has led to the stark lifestyle contrasts between some genera. The discovery of this novel bunyavirid group suggests that ancient and highly divergent bunyavirid lineages remain undetected in nature and may offer fresh insight into host reservoirs, potential sources of emerging disease, and major lifestyle shifts in the evolutionary history of viruses in the family Bunyaviridae.
Non-destructive testing based on vibrations in the low to mid-frequency range (2018)

Recently, it has been shown that a Time Reversal MUltiple Signal Classification (TR-MUSIC) algorithm can be employed to detect defects in samples, which are both challenging in terms of material and in terms of geometrical complexity. This can be achieved by lowering the detection frequency as compared to most other TR and TR-MUSIC applications. In this case, the method operates in a low to mid-frequency range, where accurate models are still realizable. The method relies on the measurement of the frequency response function (FRF) between multiple excitation and sensor locations. These are gathered in a matrix, which then is decomposed in its singular vectors, serving as input for a MUSIC algorithm. In order to improve the applicability of this method, it is shown how to adapt the algorithm, in order to reduce the number of excitation locations or the number of sensors significantly. This results in a considerable speed-up for the application of this non-destructive testing strategy. Furthermore, it is investigated numerically how the robustness of the detection result under the influence of random measurement errors behaves if the number of excitation/sensor locations is reduced. Additionally, the dependency between, the decrease of the number of excitation/sensor locations and the types of defects, which can be detected is studied.
High-level software energy macro-modeling (2001)

This paper presents an efficient and accurate high-level software energy estimation methodology using the concept of characterization-based macro-modeling. In characterization-based macro-modeling, a function or sub-routine is characterized using an accurate lower-level energy model of the target processor, to construct a macro-model that relates the energy consumed in the function under consideration to various parameters that can be easily observed or calculated from a high-level programming language description. The constructed macro-models eliminate the need for significantly slower instruction-level interpretation or hardware simulation that is required in conventional approaches to software energy estimation.
Exploiting the Divergent Reactivity of Aryl–Palladium Intermediates for the Rapid Assembly of Fluorene and Phenanthrene Derivatives (2009)

They all fall down: The value of domino processes can be greatly enhanced when the possibility exists for one to selectively diverge from a common intermediate. In preliminary studies the dual reactivity of aryl-palladium intermediates is exploited. A diverse array of fluorene and phenanthrene derivatives were synthesized in a rapid and efficient manner (see scheme).
Mass composition of Telescope Array's surface detectors events using deep learning (2021)

We report on an improvement of deep learning techniques used for identifying primary particles of atmospheric air showers. The progress was achieved by using two neural networks. The first works as a classifier for individual events, while the second predicts fractions of elements in an ensemble of events based on the inference of the first network. For a fixed hadronic model, this approach yields an accuracy of 90% in identifying fractions of elements in an ensemble of events.
2‐anilino‐3‐methylbutyrates and 2‐(isoindolin‐2‐yl)‐3‐methylbutyrates, two novel groups of synthetic pyrethroid esters not containing a cyclopropane ring (1980)

Abstract A new series of substituted 2‐anilino‐3‐methylbutyrates has been prepared; bioassay data for these compounds on Heliothis virescens, Musca domestica, Aphis fabae and Tetranychus urticae are presented and discussed. Some unexpected relationships were observed between the nature of the substituents and the biological activity. Increases in foliar stability were noted with certain substitution patterns. Both α‐cyano‐3‐phenoxybenzyl 3‐methyl‐2‐(α, α, α,2‐tetrafluoro‐ p ‐toluidino)butyrate and the corresponding 2‐(2‐chloro‐α, α, α‐trifluoro‐ p ‐toluidino)‐3‐methylbutyrate showed good stability in air and light, and exhibited biological activities of a similar nature and potency to those of previously known synthetic pyrethroids. Esters of the ( R )‐2‐ anilino‐3‐methylbutyric acids are far more active than those prepared from the ( S )‐enantiomers. The ( R )‐configuration at C‐2 in these acids is sterically equivalent to the active absolute configuration at the chiral carbon α to the carboxylate group in both the permethrin and the fenvalerate types of pyrethroids. A new class of insecticidal 2‐(isoindolin‐2‐yl)alkanoates is also reported. In this series the most biologically active analogue was α‐cyano‐3‐phenoxybenzyl 3‐methyl‐2‐(4,5,6,7‐tetrafluoroisoindolin‐2‐yl)butyrate. These esters were considerably less stable than the anilino analogues on exposure to air and light.
Slowness techniques in seismic interpretation (1981)

Wave propagation in a horizontally stratified medium may be characterized by the slowness p of the waves. In ray theory the travel time curves are parameterized by the slowness p, and this dependence is exploited in modern methods of tau inversion for travel times. The complete response of a stratified medium may also be represented as a superposition of cylindrical waves of varying slowness. This representation leads to the possibility of presenting the response of the stratification in a slowness time map containing both travel time and amplitude information. Such an approach requires copious good quality data but offers advantages in interpretation. Even in the presence of lateral variations of structure, slowness methods can provide useful information.
3aH-Indenes. Part 2. Cycloaddition reactions of 3-methoxy- and 3-trimethylsiloxy-3a-methyl-3aH-indene (1983)

The title 3a-methyl-3aH-indenes (1a) and (1b) have been prepared from indan-1-one via the dienone (5) and the trienone (6), and the preparation of the key intermediates (5) and (6) has been improved. The 3aH-indene (1b) behaves similarly to the methoxy derivative (1a), and rearranges on heating to the 1H-isomer. Cycloaddition reactions of (1a) to N-phenylmaleimide and maleic anhydride give isolable [4 + 2]-adducts (12), which rearrange on heating to give the exo- and endo-[8 + 2]-adducts (13) and (14). In contrast, both 2-chloroacrylonitrile and 2-chloroacryloyl chloride give [8 + 2]-adducts with (1a). The 2-chloroacryloyl chloride adducts are readily converted into the tricyclic ketone (23). The trimethylsiloxy 3aH-indene (1b) undergoes cycloaddition reactions with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, 2-chloroacryloyl chloride, and dichloroketene. The trimethylsilyl derivative (1b) offers some advantages over the methoxyindene (1a) in synthetic work.
[Analysis of brain complexity and mental disorders]. (2011)

The knowledge of the brain processes underlying mental disorders has significantly increased during the last decades, but in spite of this very important research effort a biological marker is not available for such disorders. For example, neurophysiological techniques (EEG and MEG),have been broadly utilized in the investigation of the most important psychiatric syndromes such as schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder or obsessive/compulsive disorder. The outcomes of some of those neurophysiological studies allowed the building of statistical models with very high sensitivity and specificity, although those models did not reach day-to-day clinical practice. A potential explanation for this situation is an inadequate analysis procedure which might be missing some important quantums of information contained in brain signals. In this vein, new methods of non-linear analysis have been proposed for the investigation of neurophysiological data. Particularly, the analysis of brain signals' complexity has been broadly utilized in the investigation of psychiatric disorders. Parameters of EEG-MEG complexity usually estimate the predictability of brain oscillations and/or the number of independent oscillators underlying the observed signals. More importantly, complexity parameters seem to be sensitive to the temporal components of brain activity, and therefore might reflect the dynamical nature of psychiatric disorders. This paper reviews some of the most relevant studies within this field, especially those focusing on the diagnosis, follow-up and prediction of response to treatment.
[Proliferation of natural killer T cells in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood and their different phenotypes]. (2006)

Purpose of this study was to establish an effective method in vitro to proliferate natural killer T (NKT) cells from umbilical cord blood (UCB) and peripheral blood (PB), and to study their different phenotype. Mononuclear cells (MNC) from UCB and PB were cultured in the presence of IL-2 (100 U/ml), with or without alpha-Galcer. TCR Valpha24 Vbeta11 double positive natural killer T-cells (NKT cells) and their other phenotypes were determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that after expansion for 7 days, TCRValphabeta(+) NKT cells from UCB-MNCs increased by (8.74 +/- 4.37) x 10(2) times as much, but most of them did not express NK1.1 and its TCR Vbeta11(+) was higher than TCR Valpha24(+). After expansion for 14 days, TCR Valphabeta(+) NKT cells from PB-MNCs increased by (3.72 +/- 2.01) x 10(2) times, the expression of NK1.1 was high and its TCR Vbeta11(+) was almost equal to TCR Valpha24(+). It is concluded that human TCR Valpha24 Vbeta11 double positive NKT cells can expand by addition of alpha-Galcer. The proliferation efficiency in UCB-MNCs is greater than that in PB-MNCs. Most of the UCB-NKT is NK1.1(-), while the PB-NKT is NK1.1(+), a new subset of NKT cells.