gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Web of Things System Description for Representation of Mashups (2020)

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created the foundations for widespread interoperability in the Internet of Things (IoT) with the publication of the Thing Description (TD) standard in the context of the Web of Things (WoT). TDs allow to interact with new as well as existing IoT devices by describing their network-facing interfaces and how to interact with them in a standardized way that is both human-and machine-readable. An important question that is left in this domain is how to create, represent and share systems of IoT devices, called Mashups. The techniques introduced in this paper improve the management of such Mashups. We propose two representations for such systems that both have unique advantages and are capable of representing interactions with Things, combined with application logic: A subset of the Unified Modeling Language Sequence Diagram presentation, referred to as WoT Sequence Diagram, and a TD that is enhanced with additional keywordobject pairs, referred to as WoT System Description. For the latter, we present an algorithm to automatically generate code that can be deployed to a device, making it act as a Mashup controller. By stating their syntactical and semantical foundations, we show how each representation is defined and how it can be validated. Furthermore, we systematically show that both representations can be used interchangeably in the context of representing WoT Mashups and demonstrate this with conversion algorithms. We also make the definitions and validation methods for the proposed representations, the reference implementations of the mentioned algorithms and our evaluation publicly available. Our contribution thus allows safer system composition for WoT and enables a systematic approach to build WoT Mashups.
Deregulation of IGF-binding proteins -2 and -5 contributes to the development of endocrine resistant breast cancerin vitro (2016)

Tamoxifen (TAM) remains the adjuvant therapy of choice for pre-menopausal women with ERα-positive breast cancer. Resistance and recurrence remain, however, a major challenge with many women relapsing and subsequently dying. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is involved in breast cancer pathogenesis and progression to endocrine resistant disease, but there is very little data on the expression and potential role of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) during acquisition of the resistant phenotype. The aim of this study was to determine the expression and functional role of IGFBP-2 and -5 in the development of TAM resistance (TamR) in vitro and to test retrospectively whether they were predictive of resistance in a tissue microarray of 77 women with primary breast cancers who relapsed on/after endocrine therapy and 193 who did not with long term follow up. Reciprocal expression of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5 was observed at both mRNA and protein level in TamR cells. IGFBP-2 expression was increased by 10-fold while IGFBP-5 was decreased by 100-fold, compared to TAM-sensitive control cells. shRNA-mediated silencing of IGFBP-2 in TamR cells restored TAM sensitivity suggesting a causal role for this gene in TamR. While silencing of IGFBP-5 in control cells had no effect on TAM sensitivity, it significantly increased the migratory capacity of these cells. Quantitative image analysis of immunohistochemical data failed, however, to demonstrate an effect of IGFBP2 expression in endocrine-relapsed patients. Likewise, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5 expression failed to show any significant associations with survival either in patients relapsing or those not relapsing on/after endocrine therapy. By contrast, in silico mining of a separate published dataset showed that in patients who received endocrine treatment, loss of expression of IGBP-5 was significantly associated with worse survival. Overall these data suggest that co-ordinated and reciprocal alteration in IGFBP-2 and -5 expression may play a role in the acquisition of endocrine resistance.
Adjusted-dose warfarin versus low-intensity, fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III randomised clinical trial (1996)

Low-intensity, fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin in this regimen is insufficient for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular AF at high-risk for thromboembolism; adjusted-dose warfarin (target INR 2.0-3.0) importantly reduces stroke for high-risk patients.
TouchFace (2010)

We present a set of interaction techniques called TouchFace for casual videoconferencing among people in close relationships. It enables users to experience the sense of touching without the need for any special devices using interactions between cursors and live video images. After presenting the design guidelines underlying TouchFace, we describe a prototype following these guidelines. We conclude by presenting the results of a preliminary study.
No Enzyme Activity of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1α-Hydroxylase Gene Product in Pseudovitamin D Deficiency Rickets, Including That with Mild Clinical Manifestation (1999)

Pseudovitamin D deficiency rickets (PDDR) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defect in the activation of vitamin D. We recently isolated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase gene and identified four homozygous inactivating missense mutations in this gene by analysis of four typical cases of PDDR. This disease shows some phenotypic variation, and it has been suspected that patients with mild phenotypes have mutations that do not totally abolish the enzyme activity. To investigate the molecular defects associated with the phenotypic variation, we analyzed six additional unrelated PDDR patients: one with mild and five with typical clinical manifestation. By sequence analysis, all six patients were proven to have mutations in both alleles. The mutations varied, and we identified four novel missense mutations, a nonsense mutation, and a splicing mutation for the first time. The patient with mild clinical symptoms was compound heterozygous for T321R and a splicing mutation. The splice site mutation caused intron retention. Enzyme activity of the T321R mutant was analyzed by overexpressing the mutant 1alpha-hydroxylase in Escherichia coli cells to detect the subtle residual enzyme activity. No residual enzyme activity was detected in T321R mutant or in the other mutants. These results indicate that all of the patients, including those of mild phenotype, are caused by 1alpha-hydroxylase gene mutations that totally abolish the enzyme activity.
Intracellular Mechanistic Understanding of 2D MoS2 Nanosheets for Anti-Exocytosis-Enhanced Synergistic Cancer Therapy (2018)

Emerging two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, such as transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets (NSs), have shown tremendous potential for use in a wide variety of fields including cancer nanomedicine. The interaction of nanomaterials with biosystems is of critical importance for their safe and efficient application. However, a cellular-level understanding of the nano-bio interactions of these emerging 2D nanomaterials ( i. e., intracellular mechanisms) remains elusive. Here we chose molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) NSs as representative 2D nanomaterials to gain a better understanding of their intracellular mechanisms of action in cancer cells, which play a significant role in both their fate and efficacy. MoS<sub>2</sub> NSs were found to be internalized through three pathways: clathrin → early endosomes → lysosomes, caveolae → early endosomes → lysosomes, and macropinocytosis → late endosomes → lysosomes. We also observed autophagy-mediated accumulation in the lysosomes and exocytosis-induced efflux of MoS<sub>2</sub> NSs. Based on these findings, we developed a strategy to achieve effective and synergistic in vivo cancer therapy with MoS<sub>2</sub> NSs loaded with low doses of drug through inhibiting exocytosis pathway-induced loss. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic experimental report on the nano-bio interaction of 2D nanomaterials in cells and their application for anti-exocytosis-enhanced synergistic cancer therapy.
Aging Effects on Accommodation and Outflow Facility Responses to Pilocarpine in Humans (1996)

In humans, as previously described in rhesus monkeys, an age-related loss of ciliary muscle mobility may compromise the basal function of the trabecular meshwork. However, unlike monkeys, humans exhibit no loss of the intraocular pressure or outflow facility response to pilocarpine with age.
Hybrid interface of a two-dimensional cubic Hermite curve oversketch and a three-dimensional spatial oversketch for the conceptual body design of a car (2013)

A spatial modelling system with a new interface which is optimized for automotive design is proposed in the conceptual modelling phase. In the initial sketch stage to set the volume and the ratio of the car, the automotive styling is created using a two-dimensional plane sketch with an accurate input and a designer-friendly interface. The character lines, which have important implications in the design of the car, are drawn with a curve-based oversketch. The shape of the car is modified using area-based modification. A completed two-dimensional model consists of converting the character lines to a three-dimensional car model. In the three-dimensional spatial oversketch stage, the edge and mesh on the surface are deformed by viewing the three-dimensional shape of the vehicle with various views using a spatial input device and stereoscopic display. Edge-based deformation modifies single or multiple edges while maintaining continuity between the surfaces. A sculpting technique is applied to execute special shapes such as the accent lines and the strake lines. A sketch system which can be used by designers to perform three-dimensional spatial modelling is proposed.
Multiple Immune Abnormalities in a Patient with Idiopathic CD4+ T-Lymphocytopenia (2009)

Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a new disease entity characterized by CD4+ T-lymphocyte depletion without evidence of HIV infection. We report a 27-year-old ICL patient with a long history of multiple immune abnormalities. His CD4+ T-lymphocyte count started to decrease after generalized lymphadenopathy of an unknown cause at age 3. He satisfied the criteria for ICL at age 9, and the decreased CD4+ T-lymphocyte count persisted for more than 18 years. This is probably the first childhood-onset ICL case in which the trigger event for the development was known together with the patient's autoimmune background.
Probability Distributions of Travel Times on Arterial Networks: Traffic Flow and Horizontal Queuing Theory Approach (2012)

In arterial networks, traffic flow dynamics are driven by the presence of traffic signals, for which precise signal timing is difficult to obtain in arbitrary networks or might change over time. A comprehensive model of arterial traffic flow dynamics is necessary to capture its specific features in order to provide accurate traffic estimation approaches. From hydrodynamic theory, arterial traffic dynamics are modeled under specific assumptions standard in transportation engineering. This flow model is used to develop a statistical model of arterial traffic. The statistical approach is essential to capture the variability of travel times among vehicles: (1) the delay experienced by a vehicle depends on the time when it enters the link (in relation to the signal green/red phases) and this entrance time can occur at any random time during the cycle and (2) the free flow speed of a vehicle depends both on the driver and on external factors (jaywalking, double parking, etc.) and is another source of uncertainty. These two sources of uncertainty are captured by deriving the probability distribution of delays (from hydrodynamic theory) and modeling the nominal free flow travel time as a random variable (which encodes variability in driving behavior). An analytical expression is derived for the probability distribution of travel times between any two locations on an arterial link, parameterized by traffic parameters (cycle time, red time, free flow speed distribution, queue length and queue length at saturation). The model is validated using probe vehicle data collected during a field test in San Francisco, as part of the Mobile Millennium system. The numerical results show that the new distribution derived in this article more accurately represents the actual distribution of travel times than other distributions that are commonly used to represent travel times (normal, log-normal and Gamma distributions). It is also shown that the model performs particularly well when the amount of data available is small. This is very promising as the volume of probe vehicle data available in real time to most traffic information systems today remains sparse.
Root Temperature Control System Using Cold Water in Greenhouse (2012)

Air temperature in greenhouse is high for tomato plants in summer. It is important to maintain optimum temperature in greenhouse for yield. The cost of whole cooling in greenhouse is so expensive that local temperature control is suggested. Our previous research showed tomato plants with root cooling at 25 C increased yields compared with those with no cooling. The chilled water can be used for root cooling system in greenhouse. The objective of this research was to evaluate the root cooling system using cold water for growing tomato plants in summer. Tomato plants were grown hydroponically in greenhouse. The cooling water flows into PVC pipe which is installed under cultivation bed. Water temperature was maintained at 12 C. Inlet and outlet water in pipe and rockwool temperatures were measured. Our results showed that the rockwool temperature was maintained around 22C with high air temperature (30C) using root cooling system.
Makromolekulare schalter für doppelschichtmembranen (1989)

Abstract Kontrollierte Adsorption von Polyelektrolyten kann ein wirksames Werkzeug im Design von dünnen molekularen Filmen sein. Man kann erwarten, daß die Adsorption von Polyelektrolytketten das empfindliche Kräftegleichgewicht erheblich beeinflußt, das die strukturellen und funktionellen Eigenschaften von geordneten Strukturen wie Einzel‐, Doppel‐ und Mehrfachschichten bestimmt. Andererseits ist die Adsorption von Polyelektrolyten außerordentlich sensitiv auf Umgebungsparameter, z.B. pH, Temperatur oder lonenstärke. Kontrollierte Adsorption kann daher zu Sensitivität auf bestimmte chemische oder physikalische Stimuli führen, sodaß auf diese Weise ein molekularer Schaltmechanismus entworfen werden kann. Durch Umsetzen dieser ldee in reale Systeme gelang es uns, molekulares Schalten in Mischungen von Poly(2‐ethylacrylsäre) mit natürlichen oder synthetischen Phosphatidylcholinen zu bewirken. Insbesondere haben wir Phosphatidylcholinvesikel hergestellt, die ihren lnhalt nach einer Änderung von pH, Temperatur, Glukosekonzentration oder nach Bestrahlung mit Licht schnell und quantitativ freisetzen. Die Entwicklung und die Herstellung von Doppelschichtmembranen, die auf solche Änderungen reagieren, sowie die Kinetik und der Mechanismus des damit verbundenen molekularen Schaltprozesses werden im vorliegenden Artikel diskutiert.
Control of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Signal Transduction by Heterodimerization of Combinatorial Splice Variants (1993)

A differentiated liver cell (HepG2), which exhibits a dose-dependent growth-stimulatory and growth-inhibitory response to heparin-binding fibroblast growth factor type 1 (FGF-1), displays high- and low-affinity receptor phenotypes and expresses specific combinatorial splice variants alpha 1, beta 1, and alpha 2 of the FGF receptor (FGF-R) gene (flg). The extracellular domains of the alpha and beta variants consist of three and two immunoglobulin loops, respectively, while the intracellular variants consist of a tyrosine kinase (type 1) isoform and a kinase-defective (type 2) isoform. The type 2 isoform is also devoid of the two major intracellular tyrosine autophosphorylation sites (Tyr-653 and Tyr-766) in the type 1 kinase. An analysis of ligand affinity, dimerization, autophosphorylation, and interaction with src homology region 2 (SH2) substrates of the recombinant alpha 1, beta 1, and alpha 2 isoforms was carried out to determine whether dimerization of the combinatorial splice variants might explain the dose-dependent opposite mitogenic effects of FGF. Scatchard analysis indicated that the alpha and beta isoforms exhibit low and high affinity for ligand, respectively. The three combinatorial splice variants dimerized in all combinations. FGF enhanced dimerization and kinase activity, as assessed by receptor autophosphorylation. Phosphopeptide analysis revealed that phosphorylation of Tyr-653 was reduced relative to phosphorylation of Tyr-766 in the type 1 kinase component of heterodimers of the type 1 and type 2 isoforms. The SH2 domain substrate, phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC gamma 1), associated with the phosphorylated type 1-type 2 heterodimers but was phosphorylated only in preparations containing the type 1 kinase homodimer. The results suggest that phosphorylation of Tyr-653 within the kinase catalytic domain, but not Tyr-766 in the COOH-terminal domain, may be stringently dependent on a trans intermolecular mechanism within FGF-R kinase homodimers. Although phosphotyrosine 766 is sufficient for interaction of PLC gamma 1 and other SH2 substrates with the FGF-R kinase, phosphorylation and presumably activation of substrates require the kinase homodimer and phosphorylation of Tyr-653. We propose that complexes of phosphotyrosine 766 kinase monomers and SH2 domain signal transducers may constitute unactivated presignal complexes whose active or inactive fate depends on homodimerization with a kinase or heterodimerization with a kinase-defective monomer, respectively. The results suggest a mechanism for control of signal transduction by different concentrations of ligand through heterodimerization of combinatorial splice variants from the same receptor gene.
Immunological and viral features in patients with overactive bladder associated with human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection (2012)

The majority of patients infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus-type 1 (HTLV-1) are considered carriers, but a high frequency of urinary symptoms of overactive bladder, common in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) have been documented in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine if immunological and viral factors that are seen in HAM/TSP are also observed in these patients. Participants were classified as HTLV-1 carriers (n = 45), HTLV-1 patients suffering from overactive bladder (n = 45) and HAM/TSP (n = 45). Cells from HTLV-1 overactive bladder patients produced spontaneously more proinflammatory cytokines than carriers. TNF-α and IL-17 levels were similar in HAM/TSP and HTLV-1 overactive bladder patients. High proviral load was found in patients with overactive bladder and HAM/TSP and correlated with proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast with findings in patients with HAM/TSP, serum levels of Th1 chemokines were similar in HTLV-1 overactive bladder and carriers. Exogenous addition of regulatory cytokines decreased spontaneous IFN-γ production in cell cultures from HTLV-1 overactive bladder patients. The results show that HTLV-1 overactive bladder and HAM/TSP patients have in common some immunological features as well as similar proviral load profile. The data show that HTLV-1 overactive bladder patients are still able to down regulate their inflammatory immune response. In addition, these patients express levels of chemokines similar to carriers, which may explain why they have yet to develop the same degree of spinal cord damage as seen in patients with HAM/TSP. These patients present symptoms of overactive bladder, which may be an early sign of HAM/TSP.
Modeling Qualitative Changes in Bimanual Movements (1997)

In the cognitive sciences the study of complex rhythmic movements is a challenging problem which is a subject of extensive research. Experiments on bimanual movements are paradigms for studying the ability of humans on timing and coordination. Such experiments give insights into the control mechanisms of the central nervous system and also reflect the functional state and level of training of the person tested. In a recent study on bimanual polyrhythm production the existence of phase transitions in dependence on the speed of performance has been shown. In this paper we present an iterated map model to explain main findings of these experiments. The model consists of two iterated maps describing the dynamics of the finger movements. The essential properties of the model are a nonlinear correction function and a coupling mechanism between the two maps. Numerical simulations show that the model is in qualitative agreement with the experimentally observed phenomena.
Lower bounds for parametric estimation with constraints (1990)

A Chapman-Robbins form of the Barankin bound is used to derive a multiparameter Cramer-Rao (CR) type lower bound on estimator error covariance when the parameter theta in R/sup n/ is constrained to lie in a subset of the parameter space. A simple form for the constrained CR bound is obtained when the constraint set Theta /sub C/, can be expressed as a smooth functional inequality constraint. It is shown that the constrained CR bound is identical to the unconstrained CR bound at the regular points of Theta /sub C/, i.e. where no equality constraints are active. On the other hand, at those points theta in Theta /sub C/ where pure equality constraints are active the full-rank Fisher information matrix in the unconstrained CR bound must be replaced by a rank-reduced Fisher information matrix obtained as a projection of the full-rank Fisher matrix onto the tangent hyperplane of the full-rank Fisher matrix onto the tangent hyperplane of the constraint set at theta . A necessary and sufficient condition involving the forms of the constraint and the likelihood function is given for the bound to be achievable, and examples for which the bound is achieved are presented. In addition to providing a useful generalization of the CR bound, the results permit analysis of the gain in achievable MSE performance due to the imposition of particular constraints on the parameter space without the need for a global reparameterization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, HPLC and UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis of Main Macamides and Macaenes from Maca (Cultivars of Lepidium meyenii Walp) (2017)

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), using petroleum ether as the solvent, was systematically applied to extract main macamides and macaenes from Maca hypocotyls. Extraction yield was related with four variables, including ratio of solution to solid, extraction temperature, extraction time, and extraction power. On the basis of response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal conditions were determined to be the ratio of solution to solid as 10:1 (mL/g), the extraction temperature of 40 °C, the extraction time of 30 min, and the extraction power of 200 W. Based on the optimal extraction method of UAE, the total contents of ten main macamides and two main macaenes of Maca cultivated in twenty different areas of Tibet were analyzed by HPLC and UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS. This study indicated that UAE was able to effectively extract macamides alkaloids from Maca hypocotyls. Quantitative analysis showed that geographical origins, not ecotypes, played a more important role on the accumulation of active macamides in Maca.