gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac stem cell therapy for myocardial regeneration. A clinical perspective. (2005)

Myocardial infarction and other pathologic conditions of the heart result in loss of cardiomyocytes, scar formation, ventricular remodeling, and eventually heart failure. Since pharmacologic and interventional strategies fail to regenerate dead myocardium, heart failure continues to be a major health problem worldwide. Recent studies in animal models of myocardial infarction and heart failure have demonstrated that various subsets of adult primitive cells can regenerate functional cardiomyocytes and cardiac vasculature with improvement in cardiac structure and function. Small clinical trials of cell therapy in patients with myocardial infarction and ischemic cardiomyopathy have recapitulated these beneficial effects in humans with infarct size reduction and improvement in ejection fraction, myocardial perfusion, and wall motion. Several phenotypically distinct cell populations have been utilized for cardiac regeneration, and the relative merits of one cell over another remain to be determined. The recent discovery of adult cardiac stem cells has sparked intense hope for myocardial regeneration with cells that are from the heart itself and are thereby inherently programmed to reconstitute cardiac tissue. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence regarding the feasibility of cardiac repair in humans via adult stem/progenitor cells, and to discuss the potential utility of cardiac stem cells for therapeutic myocardial regeneration.
Analysis of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Gene Polymorphisms in Essential Hypertension in Javanese Indonesian (2015)

Background: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in the regulating of blood pressure. The genetic polymorphisms of RAAS genes have been extensively studied among ethnic groups in the relation with essential hypertension with conflicting results. Objective: This is the first study population in Indonesia which aims to determine the association of angiotensinogen (AGT M235T), angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C and angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension. Method: The study was conducted in Mlati District, Yogyakarta Province from 2008 to 2012. From 71,348 population, 7,695 subjects were selected by age-adjusting and exclution criteria. After stratified random sampling, subjects were devided into hypertension and normotension groups. The AGT M235T and AGT1R A1166C polymorphisms were identified with PCR-RFLP and ACE I/D was with PCR assays. Clinical data for two groups were compared by the Student t-test and frequency of genotype and the allele were with x2. Result: The RAAS genetic susceptibility to the essential hypertension were analyzed by odds ratio (OR) analysis. The study indicated that the individuals carry allele 235T (MT + TT) and A1166C (AA + AC) had a significant risk of developing essential hypertension (p < 0.05). However, ACE I/D genotypes were analyzed collectively, those genotypes were not associated with essential hypertension. Conclusions: These results showed that the angiotensinogen M235T and angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C may contribute to the increasing risk of essential hypertension.
ICOPE-15-1137 Wind resource analysis in complex terrain using LES method (2015)

As the number of installed wind turbines has increased, location suitable for wind power generation has been reduced. Then complex terrains like the mountainous regions are sometimes selected for the wind farm. In this case, the wind flow variation in the speed and direction will be severe by the complex terrain profile. So, we have conducted a wind speed measurement at actual wind power plant in Nagashima Island of Japan's Kagoshima Prefecture. In this paper, we conducted a CFD analysis of the same area with two sub-grid model of LES and compared the wind speed distribution with the measured results.
Use of focal mechanisms to determine stress: A control study (1987)

To allow focal mechanisms to be inverted for the stress field requires a different inversion algorithm than for slickenside data because focal mechanisms do not represent fault slip data unless one can decide which nodal plane is the fault plane. If one can decide which nodal plane is the fault plane, then the focal mechanisms can be inverted with the slickenside inversion algorithm. This decision cannot always be made, so algorithms for inverting focal mechanisms for the stress field are studied. These algorithms either use both of the possible fault planes or attempt to choose the correct fault plane while determining the stress tensor. Simulated focal mechanisms are made from slickenside data and used to provide a control study for the focal mechanism inversion algorithms. The results of this control study show that focal mechanisms can be inverted to find the best stress tensor, but the resolution is decreased unless the fault planes can be picked a priori. The resolution can also be increased by including constraints on the magnitude of the tangential traction on the fault plane. Therefore, using focal mechanisms to study small variations in the stress field requires that other data (e.g., studies of the hypocenters, surface faulting, or structural information concerning the region) be introduced to pick which of the nodal planes is the fault plane. This study also introduces the method of bootstrap resampling to the statistics of this problem. The non‐Gaussian nature of the data makes the nonparametric formulation of the bootstrap approach ideal for this problem.
Simple method to lock an optical frequency comb to an ultra-stable laser without an RF signal generator (2018)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. Hitomi, A. Ishizawa, K. Hara, K. Hitachi, T. Nishikawa, T. Sogawa, and H. Gotoh, "Simple method to lock an optical frequency comb to an ultra-stable laser without an RF signal generator," in CLEO Pacific Rim Conference 2018, OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 2018), paper W2F.5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Pfizer Selective Enterococcus Agar Overlay Method for the Enumeration of Fecal Streptococci by Membrane Filtration (1975)

The use of Pfizer selective enterococcus (PSE) agar with the membrane filter technique for the enumeration of fecal streptococci is limited due to the inability of the characteristic black precipitate, indicative of esculin hydrolysis, to diffuse from the medium through the membrane. A modification of the membrane filter technique that consisted of placing the membrane on PSE agar and overlaying it with tempered PSE agar was evaluated by comparing recovery, selectivity, and other parameters with M-enterococcus and KF-streptococcus agars, two selective media routinely used with the membrane filter technique for the enumeration of fecal streptococci in water and wastewater. No statistically significant differences could be demonstrated in the recovery capabilities of the three media. Inasmuch as the PSE overlay technique requires only 24 h of incubation as opposed to 48 h for the other two media, this modification may have some merit in water pollution monitoring programs.
Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity and the probability density function (1983)

The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity for many materials is shown to follow a function G(E, T) that is the derivative of the Fermi function with respect to temperature. It is noted that the Fermi function is a cumulative probability function. It then follows that the probability density function that is used in the calculation of the electron density in the conduction band is the derivative of the Fermi function. Use of the G(E, T) function in the appropriate equation for electrical conductivity predicts this property for materials for which the conductivities span a range of about 20 orders of magnitude. Examples of materials cited include single crystals of (SN)x, (TMTSF)2PF6 and germanium, and vitreous Type 7740 borosilicate (Pyrex) glass. The G(E, T) function for values of E-EF<or approximately=0.001 eV at temperatures approximately 1K predicts values of conduction band electron density that can be expected to lead to superconductivity. For the same values of E-EF and temperature the Fermi function predicts electron densities in the conduction band that are vanishingly small.
The pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia: Current clinical concepts (2009)

Despite decades of intense research on the problem, pre-eclampsia remains one of the great mysteries of medical science. This paper is an overview of the existing knowledge on the disease that unifies the essential and validated findings of past and current scientific investigation. A key focus has been an attempt to distinguish foundationally pathogenic mechanisms from multiple epiphenomena that continue to be elucidated. The hypothesis was developed after taking into consideration the various known risk factors for pre-eclampsia, epidemiologic trends, and the most available research to date regarding the pathogenesis of the disease. In summary, it may be stated that pre-eclampsia is a systemic disease of maternal endothelial cell dysfunction, resulting from a deficient endovascular invasion of fetal extravillous cytotrophoblasts into the maternal spiral arterioles--a process facilitated by cytokine and angiogenic factor producing uterine/decidual CD56bright Natural Killer (NK) cells and impeded by the more cytotoxic peripheral CD56dim NK cells of the innate immune system. Therefore, the disease process appears to be fundamentally one of a unique variant of immune maladaptation at the level of the maternal-fetal interface in the setting of more or less susceptible persons caused by a mixture of both insufficient maternal tolerance induction to the paternal antigens and unfavourable combinations of genetically determined maternal leukocyte receptors and fetal antigens.
Structural Heterogeneity in Intramolecular DNA Triple Helices (2000)

Oligodeoxynucleotides designed to form intramolecular triple helices are widely used as model systems in thermodynamic and structural studies. We now report results from UV, Raman and NMR experiments demonstrating that the strand polarity, which also determines the orientation of the connecting loops, has a considerable impact on the formation and stability of pyr x pur x pyr triple helices. There are two types of monomolecular triplexes that can be defined by the location of their purine tract at either the 5'- or 3'-end of the sequence. We have examined four pairs of oligonucleotides with the same base composition but with reversed polarity that can fold into intramolecular triple helices with seven base triplets and two T4 loops under appropriate conditions. UV spectroscopic monitoring of thermal denaturation indicates a consistently higher thermal stability for the 5'-sequences at pH 5.0 in the absence of Mg2+ ions. Raman spectra provide evidence for the formation of triple helices at pH 5 for oligomers with purine tracts located at either the 5'- or 3'-end of the sequence. However, NMR measurements reveal considerable differences in the secondary structures formed by the two types of oligonucleotides. Thus, at acidic pH significant structural heterogeneity is observed for the 3'-sequences. Employing selectively 15N-labeled oligomers, NMR experiments indicate a folding pattern for the competing structures that at least partially changes both Hoogsteen and Watson-Crick base-base interactions.
2-Substitution of A@-Benzyladenosine- W-uronamides Enhances Selectivity for & Adenosine Receptors (1994)

Adenosine derivatives bearing an W-(3-iodobenzyl) group, reported to enhance the afinity of adenosine-5’-uronamide analogues as agonists at A3 adenosine receptors (J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 636-646), were synthesized starting from methyl P-D-ribofuranoside in 10 steps. Binding affinities at A1 and Aza receptors in rat brain membranes and at cloned rat & receptors from stably transfected CHO cells were compared. W-(3-Iodobenzyl)adenosine was 2-fold selective for & vs A1 or A2, receptors; thus it is the first monosubstituted adenosine analogue having any A3 selectivity. The effects of 2-substitution in combination with modifications at the N6and 5’-positions were explored. 2-Chloro-W-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine had a Ki value of 1.4 nM and moderate selectivity for & receptors. 2-Chloro-W-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5’-N-methyluronamide, which displayed a Ki value of 0.33 nM, was selective for vs A1 and Aaa receptors by 2500- and 1400-fold, respectively. It was 46,000-fold selective for & receptors vs the Na+independent adenosine transporter, as indicated in displacement of [3HlN6-(4-nitrobenzyl)thioinosine binding in rat brain membranes. In a functional assay in CHO cells, it inhibited adenylate cyclase via rat A3 receptors with an IC50 of 67 nM. 2-(Methylthio)-W-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5’-N-methyluronamide and 2-(methylamino)-W-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5’-N-methyluronamide were less potent, but nearly as selective for & receptors. Thus, 2-substitution (both small and sterically bulky) is well-tolerated at & receptors, and its & affinity-enhancing effects are additive with effects of uronamides at the 5’-position and a 3-iodobenzyl group at the NG-position.
Home price appreciation in low- and moderate-income markets (2002)

Do homes in low- and moderate- income areas of a city appreciate like homes in high income areas? Do owners of those lower-priced homes accumulate as much equity as owners of higher-priced homes? Karl Case and Maryna Marynchenko share their results, some of which are quite surprising.
Rare PfCSP C-terminal antibodies induced by live sporozoite vaccination are ineffective against malaria infection (2017)

Antibodies against the central repeat of the Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) circumsporozoite protein (CSP) inhibit parasite activity and correlate with protection from malaria. However, the humoral response to the PfCSP C terminus (C-PfCSP) is less well characterized. Here, we describe B cell responses to C-PfCSP from European donors who underwent immunization with live Pf sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge) under chloroquine prophylaxis (PfSPZ-CVac), and were protected against controlled human malaria infection. Out of 215 PfCSP-reactive monoclonal antibodies, only two unique antibodies were specific for C-PfCSP, highlighting the rare occurrence of C-PfCSP–reactive B cells in PfSPZ-CVac–induced protective immunity. These two antibodies showed poor sporozoite binding and weak inhibition of parasite traversal and development, and did not protect mice from infection with PfCSP transgenic Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. Structural analyses demonstrated that one antibody interacts with a polymorphic region overlapping two T cell epitopes, suggesting that variability in C-PfCSP may benefit parasite escape from humoral and cellular immunity. Our data identify important features underlying C-PfCSP shortcomings as a vaccine target.
Follow-up of tumor development in the colons of living rats and implications for chemoprevention trials: Assessment of aspirin-difluoromethylornithine combination (2007)

We aimed to establish a reliable procedure allowing the follow-up of tumor development by computed tomographic (CT) colonography in an animal model of colon carcinogenesis in order to assess the chemopreventive efficacy of aspirin and difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) given in combination. Fischer rats received an intraperitoneal injection (25 mg/kg) of dimethylhydrazine (DMH) once a week for two weeks in order to initiate colon carcinogenesis. Five months after the last injection of DMH, a first CT colonography was performed and rats were then randomly separated into two groups (control and experimental). The experimental group received a 0.1% mixture of aspirin and DFMO in drinking water. CT colonography was performed at 6, 7 and 8 months. Data showed a precise correlation between location and size of tumors found at autopsy and those detected by CT colonography at 8 months. All tumors were also detected on the CT views obtained previously. Animals of the aspirin/DFMO group exhibited an inactivation of ornithine decarboxylase, a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, and a two-fold reduction in the prostaglandin E2 content of the colonic mucosa (p<0.01). In rats with tumors at the start of the aspirin/DFMO treatment, a significant slow-down of tumor development was observed. In contrast, in rats where no tumors were detected at the start of the treatment, tumor formation was inhibited. Our data show that CT colonography represents a reliable method to assess in a living animal the efficacy of chemopreventive agents.
Pro-inflammatory alveolar macrophages associated with allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation (2021)

Abstract Purpose Lung transplant (LT) recipients experience episodes of immune-mediated acute lung allograft dysfunction (ALAD). We have applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of stable and ALAD patients to determine key cellular elements in dysfunctional lung allografts. Our particular focus here is on studying alveolar macrophages (AMs) as scRNAseq enables us to elucidate their heterogeneity and possible association with ALAD where our knowledge from cytometry-based assays is very limited. Methods Fresh bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from 6 LT patients, 3 with stable lung function (3044 ± 1519 cells) and 3 undergoing an episode of ALAD (2593 ± 904 cells) were used for scRNAseq. R Bioconductor and Seurat were used to perform QC, dimensionality reduction, annotation, pathway analysis, and trajectory. Donor and recipient deconvolution was performed using single nucleotide variations. Results Our data revealed that AMs are highly heterogeneous (12 transcriptionally distinct subsets in stable). We identified two AM subsets uniquely represented in ALAD. Based on pathway analysis and the top differentially expressed genes in BAL we annotated them as pro-inflammatory interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) and metallothioneins-mediated inflammatory (MT). Pseudotime analysis suggested that ISG AMs represent an earlier stage of differentiation which may suggest them as monocyte drive macrophages. Our functional analysis on an independent set of BAL samples shows that ALAD samples have significantly higher expression of CXCL10, a marker of ISG AM, as we as higher secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Single nucleotide variation calling algorithm has allowed us to identify macrophages of donor origin and demonstrated that donor AMs are lost with time post-transplant. Conclusion Using scRNAseq, we observed AMs heterogeneity and identified specific subsets that may be associated with allograft dysfunction. Further exploration with scRNAseq will shed light on LT immunobiology and the role of AMs in allograft injury and dysfunction.
Genetic differences in the mouse defense test battery (1997)

The mouse defense test battery (MDTB) has been designed to examine anxiogenic- or anxiolytic-like properties of psychoactive drugs through effects on specific defensive behaviors. In the present study, the MDTB was used to evaluate the potential contribution of genetic factors to these behaviors. The data revealed pronounced differences in several defense reactions among four inbred strains (BALB/c, C57BL/6, CBA, DBA/2) and one outbred (Swiss) mouse line. Thus, when subjects were introduced into the apparatus, Swiss and C57BL/6 displayed the highest levels of horizontal and vertical activities, while BALB/c and DBA/2 mice showed intermediate and CBA low activity rates. When subjects were chased by the rat, C57BL/6 mice used flight as the dominant defense strategy, while the defensive responses of BALB/c, C57BL/6, and DBA/2 mice consisted of flight reactions and risk assessment activities. However, when flight or escape was not possible, risk assessment became the predominant feature of the defense repertoire in the C57BL/6 mice. When defensive threat/attack behaviors were required, Swiss, BALB/c, DBA/2, and C57BL/6 mice showed very similar reactions in terms of the magnitude of the responses observed. CBA mice were poorly defensive in all these test situations. Finally, after the rat was removed from the test apparatus, Swiss, DBA/2, and C57BL/6 mice displayed more vertical activities than BALB/c mice. These latter, however, showed an increased level of ambulation compared to the activity recorded before the rat exposure. Together, these findings indicate that genetic factors contribute to defensive behaviors in this animal model of anxiety. The different behavioral profiles displayed by the strains used here may provide the means to obtain a better insight into the neurobehavioral mechanisms involved in anxiety-related disorders. Aggr. Behav. 23:19–31, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Mobile-bearing Knee Prosthesis Can Reduce Strain at the Proximal Tibia (2006)

Mobile and fixed-bearing knee prostheses are likely to generate distinct strain gradients in the proximal tibia. The resulting strain distribution in the proximal tibia governs bone remodeling and affects implant integration and stability. We determined the effects of fixed and mobile-bearing total knee prostheses on strain distribution at the proximal tibia. This mobile-bearing prosthesis was evaluated in cadaveric specimens under axial and torsional loading. Strain on the proximal tibial cortex was measured with rosette strain gages and an optical full-field strain acquisition system. Tibial torsion in response to combined axial and torsional loading was documented. There was no difference in cortex strain between the fixed and the mobile-bearing prostheses under 1.5 kN axial loading. Superimposing 10 degrees tibial internal rotation induced 22% less compressive strain in the mobile-bearing prosthesis compared with the fixed-bearing prosthesis. Under 10 degrees tibial external rotation, the mobile-bearing prosthesis induced 33% less compressive strain than the fixed-bearing prosthesis. Optically acquired strain fields showed peak compressive strain at the anteromedial aspect 30 mm below the joint line. The mobile-bearing prosthesis reduced torque in the proximal tibia during knee rotation by 68-73% compared with the fixed-bearing prosthesis. Our data suggest that the particular mobile-bearing prosthesis tested potentially reduces elevated strain levels in the proximal tibia.
Chemical Indicators and Surrogate Parameters in Water Treatment (1984)

Producing high quality water from potentially contaminated supplies is made difficult by the high cost of measuring the wide range of chemical, biological, and physical parameters of concern. This article describes a study conducted at Water Factory 21 in Orange County, Calif., to identify chemical indicators that could be measured relatively inexpensively and used as surrogates for monitoring treatment process efficiency. Various collective parameters (e.g., total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, and electroconductivity) and individual contaminants (e.g., chloroform, barium, and copper) were evaluated.
ICE 3 ON RIGHT TRACKS FOR HIGH-SPEED RAIL HARMONISATION (1996)

To meet the requirements of a more integrated transportation infrastructure, the various European high speed rail networks are being harmonized to ensure free and unrestricted international access for both freight and passenger trains. To meet the obviously stringent operational and technical requirements, railway authorities and the European railway industry are working closely together to meet tight harmonization schedules. This article takes a brief look at the new ICE 3 high speed train built by a consortium headed by Siemens AG, which meets requirements for pan-European operation.