gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The balloon experimental twin telescope for infrared interferometry (BETTII): optical design (2014)

Here we present the optical and limited cryogenic design for The Balloon Experimental Twin Telescope for Infrared Interferometry (BETTII), an 8-meter far-infrared interferometer designed to fly on a high-altitude scientific balloon. The optical design is separated into warm and cold optics with the cold optics further separated into the far-infrared (FIR) (30-90 microns) and near-infrared (NIR) (1-3 microns). The warm optics are comprised of the twin siderostats, twin telescopes, K-mirror, and warm delay line. The cold optics are comprised of the cold delay line and the transfer optics to the FIR science detector array and the NIR steering array. The field of view of the interferometer is 2’, with a wavelength range of 30-90 microns, 0.5” spectral resolution at 40 microns, R~200 spectral resolution, and 1.5” pointing stability. We also present the design of the cryogenic system necessary for operation of the NIR and FIR detectors. The cryogenic system consists of a ‘Buffered He-7’ type cryogenic cooler providing a cold stage base temperature of &lt; 280mK and 10 micro-Watts of heat lift and a custom in-house designed dewar that nominally provides sufficient hold time for the duration of the BETTII flight (24 hours).
Preliminary tests of batch type fluidized bed reactor for development of continuously-feeding fluidized bed reactor - An elevated temperature and gasification processes (2018)

A laboratory-scale prototype windowed internally circulating fluidized-bed reactor made of quartz sand and coal coke particles was investigated for steam gasification using concentrated Xe-light radiation as the energy source. The quartz sand was used as a chemically inert bed material for the fluidized bed, while the coal coke particles functioned as the reacting particles for the endothermic gasification reaction. The purpose of this study is a preliminary tests of batch type fluidized bed reactor that assuming a continuous feeding process of carbonous materials (cokes, coal, and biomass et al.) into the fluidized bed reactor with a thermal transfer/storage medium (quartz sand). The gasification performances such as the production rates of CO, H2, and CO2 were evaluated for the fluidized bed reactor.
Measuring and Reasoning: Numerical Inference in the Sciences (2014)

In Measuring and Reasoning, Fred L. Bookstein examines the way ordinary arithmetic and numerical patterns are translated into scientific understanding, showing how the process relies on two carefully managed forms of argument: • Abduction: the generation of new hypotheses to accord with findings that were surprising on previous hypotheses, and • Consilience: the confirmation of numerical pattern claims by analogous findings at other levels of measurement. These profound principles include an understanding of the role of arithmetic and, more importantly, of how numerical patterns found in one study can relate to numbers found in others. More than 200 figures and diagrams illuminate the text. The book can be read with profit by any student of the empirical nature or social sciences and by anyone concerned with how scientists persuade those of us who are not scientists why we should credit the most important claims about scientific facts or theories
O-Health-Edu: Advancing oral health: A vision for dental education (2020)

Abstract The prevalence and burden of untreated oral diseases throughout the life course remains high worldwide, and inequalities in oral health and dental care are increasing. This is a major public health issue that is not being enough addressed by the health care systems. To better manage populations' oral health, oral health professionals must be trained to adapt to population needs and societal and technological changes. Furthermore, dental institutions must fulfill their social responsibility by prioritizing educational and research activities that promote advancing individual and community health. In Europe, great variability exists between dental programs within the same country or between countries. This variability is an issue as European graduates can practice around the European Union through mutual recognition of their qualifications. This might lead to inequities in the availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of health services. The convergence of competencies and quality standards at the international level must thus be better clearly identified, defined and improved. The purpose of the O-Health-Edu, EU funded project, “Advancing Oral Health: A vision for Dental Education” is thus to assess the current situation concerning the oral health professionals' education (OHP) and to identify educational priorities so that future graduating OHPs have competencies aligned with emerging population needs. The project is supported within the KA203 - “Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices - Strategic Partnerships for higher education” Erasmus program. It began in October 2019 for three years, with eight European university partners and the ADEE (Association for Dental Education in Europe). The firsts steps consist of a scoping review to identify the available information followed by a questionnaire survey to gather more comprehensive data so that to build an opened data source, and a glossary of dental education terms. Key messages Few Information about the current situation of dental education in Europe. Graduates must be equipped with adequate competencies to face populations needs.
Transfected cathepsin D stimulates high density cancer cell growth by inactivating secreted growth inhibitors. (1995)

Cathepsin D, a lysosomal protease, is overexpressed in primary breast cancer and associated with increased risk of metastasis. We have shown previously by transfection in rat tumor cells that overexpression of cathepsin D increased both experimental metastasis in nude mice and in vitro proliferation under low-serum conditions. In this study, we used the transfected cell lines to investigate the mechanism by which cathepsin D prevents density-dependent arrest of cell proliferation. This effect was not associated with a general alteration of cell-substratum or cell-cell adhesiveness. As shown by coculture and conditioned media experiments, control cells reaching saturation density released inhibitory activity that was able to prevent the growth of control or cathepsin D transfectants and decreased the cloning efficiency of normal rat kidney fibroblasts in agar. By contrast, in media from two cathepsin D-transfected cell lines, this inhibitory activity was markedly reduced. Cathepsin D overexpression did not affect cell sensitivity to the inhibitor but modified the secretion of several proteins. The increase in cell density appeared to be due to intracellular maturation of cathepsin D since it was reversed by amine treatment that neutralizes the pH of acidic compartments within the cells. Moreover, the addition of secreted pro-cathepsin D was unable to increase the saturation density of control clones. Finally, the inhibitory factor was partially characterized as a heat-labile, secreted protein. We conclude that cathepsin D overexpression increases the growth of cancer cells to a higher density via an intracellular mechanism, leading to a decreased secretion of growth inhibitor(s).
Modeling and Characterization of 10-kV SiC MOSFET Modules for Medium-Voltage Distribution Systems (2020)

This work presents the modeling and characterization of 10-kV SiC MOSFET modules used for medium-voltage distribution system applications. In addition to the nonlinear junction capacitances of the devices, the model includes the non-linearities present at steady-state like transfer characteristics and the behavior in the Ohmic region, which allows to increase the accuracy of the SiC MOSFET model. Furthermore, the parasitic inductances in the circuit (such as the source inductance shared by the power stage and driver loop and the drain inductance) are considered in the model since it has been demonstrated previously that it influences the total losses. By using the proposed model, the calculated voltage and current transients show a good match with the experimental results.
40nW subthreshold event detector chip for seismic sensors (2015)

Unattended ground sensors (UGS) are widely used for persistent, surveillance that detects potential threats from intruders without generating false alarms. Seismic sensors are used to catch vibrations produced by intruders. Battery life is the limiting factor for solutions using digital processing. Thus power management strategies need to be employed to ensure longevity of the sensor networks. A 40nW subthreshold analog CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) is fabricated and tested, that wakes up a threat classifying stage. The system architecture is proposed along with optimizations for the different stages of the system. Variations in the subthreshold system will be discussed resulting in different system responses.
Hybrid Interventions for the Treatment of the Complex Aortic Arch (2007)

Open surgical replacement of the ascending and arch aorta is a formidable operation that requires extracorporeal circulation and hypothermic circulatory arrest, and may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In recent years, endoluminal graft therapy has been increasingly applied to the treatment of thoracic aortic pathologies with decreased morbidity, mortality, and risk of paraplegia. The hybrid approach combines various extra-anatomic debranching procedures with endoluminal graft therapy, providing a less invasive approach for the management of various complex thoracic arch pathologies without the morbidity and mortality associated with hypothermic circulatory arrest. This article reviews the hybrid approach for the management of various complex aortic arch pathologies.
Balancing division and expansion during maize leaf morphogenesis: analysis of the mutant, warty-1 (1998)

Cell division and expansion are growth events that contribute to the developing shape, or morphogenesis, of a plant. Division and expansion are coordinated to the extent that plant organs, such as leaves, generally portray a predictable cellular pattern. To dissect the relationship between division and expansion, and to test for the role of each during morphogenesis, we have identified a recessive mutation warty-1 that produces a primary defect in cell size and shape in mutant leaves. Warty-1 mutant plants are similar to non-mutant siblings in terms of flowering time, overall plant size and leaf shape. Mature adult leaves have raised warts, consisting of excessively enlarged cells, that appear in patchy distribution throughout the blade. Cell wall deposition is abnormal or incomplete, suggesting cytokinesis is also affected, either directly or indirectly. Cells first increase in size at specific positions, which correspond to predictable cell dimensions of a developing 1 cm leaf. Once mutant cells exceed 133% normal size, cytokinesis becomes abnormal. As differentiation progresses, cells that appear normal in the mutant are actually dividing faster and are smaller than comparable cells in non-mutant siblings. These results suggest that (1) cells may compensate for growth defects by altering their cell cycle and that (2) proper execution of cytokinesis may require that cell size ratios are properly maintained.
The application of laser and CCD compound measuring method on 3D object detection (2010)

Being one of promising development trends of coordinate measuring machine(CMM), non-contact measuring model has been paid more and more attentions, which is especially suitable for those soft, fragile and easy-deformed workpiecs. CCD camera has pretty high precision for 2D image measurement and can capture plenty of information each time. Meanwhile, the laser probe can achieve very high precision in the axial direction. Combining with the both advantages, the compound probe including laser probe and CCD is assembled with a bracket. The axial position relationship of laser probe and CCD can be obtained by means of calibrating the position of standard ball centre. Therefore, the data inspected by laser probe and CCD can be transformed into the same coordinate system and the 3D detection of workpiecs could be realized rapidly. In order to further improve the accuracy of data processing, an optimization algorithm named quasi-Newton method is employed. Information captured by CCD is used as partial initial conditions, which prevents occurrence of local optimization due to inappropriate initial parameter selection of quasi-Newton method. The experimental results demonstrate the validity and robustness of compound measuring method.
Ambient Protection of Few‐Layer Black Phosphorus via Sequestration of Reactive Oxygen Species (2017)

Few-layer black phosphorous (BP) has emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation nanophotonic and nanoelectronic devices. However, rapid ambient degradation of mechanically exfoliated BP poses challenges in its practical deployment in scalable devices. To date, the strategies employed to protect BP have relied upon preventing its exposure to atmospheric conditions. Here, an approach that allows this sensitive material to remain stable without requiring its isolation from the ambient environment is reported. The method draws inspiration from the unique ability of biological systems to avoid photo-oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Since BP undergoes similar photo-oxidative degradation, imidazolium-based ionic liquids are employed as quenchers of these damaging species on the BP surface. This chemical sequestration strategy allows BP to remain stable for over 13 weeks, while retaining its key electronic characteristics. This study opens opportunities to practically implement BP and other environmentally sensitive 2D materials for electronic applications.
Firm Size Distributions: An overview of steady-state distributions resulting from firm dynamics models (2004)

Empirical firm size distributions are the cumulated result of underlying firm dynamics involving entry of new firms and growth, decline, and exits of incumbent firms. In this improved version of the research report "Firm size distributions" (H200306), we give an overview of firm size distributions that result as steady states from models differing in the way these firm dynamics are modelled. In the process we (i) derive common results and explain seemingly contradictory results, (ii) propose new functional forms to describe firm size distributions, (iii) give insight in the interrelationships between the distributions in terms of underlying firm dynamics, (iv) give possible firm dynamical interpretations of the parameters of the distributions, and (v) analyse to which extent the steadystate approach is able to explain the shape of firm size distributions that are encountered in practice.
QUESTION OF THE TENDENCY OF AN ALTERNATIVE BIO-OBJECTS USING TOGETHER AND INSTEAD OF THE NANO-OBJECTS ONES UNDER CONDITIONS TO STUDY THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MATERIALS (2015)

В статье кратко рассмотрено – влияние био-структурирования (на примере ДНК) и нано-структурирования (на примере фуллеренов, шунгитов, графенов, квантовых точек, углеродных нанотрубок) на фоторефрактивные свойства органических сопряжённых материалов. Проанализирована чёткая тенденция альтернативного применения био-объектов взамен нано-объектов при модификации спектральных и нелинейно-оптических особенностей материалов.
Prediction modelling of 1-year outcomes to a personalized lifestyle intervention for Canadians with metabolic syndrome (2019)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a cluster of risk factors that includes central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose homeostasis. Although lifestyle interventions reduce MetS risk, not everyone responds to the same extent. The primary objective of this study was to identify variables that could predict 1-year changes in MetS risk in individuals participating in the Canadian Health Advanced by Nutrition and Graded Exercise (CHANGE) program. Participants were allocated into training (<i>n</i> = 157) and test (<i>n</i> = 29) datasets by availability of genetic data. A linear mixed-effect model revealed that age, medication, fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and fibre intake were associated with continuous MetS (cMetS) score across all time points. Multiple linear regressions were then used to build 2 prediction models using 1-year cMetS score as the outcome variable. Model 1 included only baseline variables and was 38% accurate for predicting cMetS score. Model 2 included both baseline variables and the 3-month change in cMetS score and was 86% accurate. As a secondary objective, we also examined if we could build a model to predict a person's categorical response bin (i.e., positive responder, nonresponder, or adverse responder) at 1 year using the same variables. We found 72% concordance between predicted and observed outcomes. These various prediction models need to be further tested in independent cohorts but provide a potentially promising new tool to project patient outcomes during lifestyle interventions for MetS. <b>Novelty</b> Short-term changes in cMetS score improve prediction model performance compared with only baseline variables. Predictive models could potentially facilitate clinical decision-making for personalized treatment plans.
Superconductor developments (1989)

‘‘I will cover the technology of the new oxide supeconductors and how they might relate to the existing superconductors. Fermilab and the high energy physics community in general have had much to do with the development of the ‘‘old’’ superconductors. Bednorz and Müller must be credited with the idea of setting out on the search for the new superconductors.’’‘‘This talk was prepared in May 1987 at a time of great excitement in superconducting, both for applications using traditional metallic superconductors and for all sorts of potential applications using high‐Tc superconductors (HTSC). At that time, some believed that helium‐temperature superconductors might rapidly be supplanted by HTSC. This does not seem likely to occur in the near future.’’ (AIP)
THE COMPARATIVE VALUE OF THE NEWER TESTS FOR ALBUMIN IN URINE. (1884)

Although the mere presence of albumin in urine can no longer be regarded as anything further than presumptive evidence of damaged kidneys; yet, it has so long formed the basis upon which the diagnosis of renal pathology has been constructed, and, moreover, as an element considered with other symptoms it still holds, and is likely to hold, an important place at least in preliminary investigations of renal disease. Therefore, all matters concerning the most reliable and ready methods of detecting the presence of albumin in urine must remain of practical interest and importance to the general practitioner. Much attention has been given of late to several newly proposed agents for detecting albumin in urine, both in this country and in Europe. Some of these, it has been claimed, are so exceedingly delicate in reaction as to detect the presence of albumin when the older methods, as by heat and nitric
[Electroanalytical chemistry study of trimethoprim and its application to pharmaceutical analysis]. (1987)

The electrochemical behaviour of trimethoprim was investigated by differential pulse polarography and cyclic voltammetry. The optimum conditions for the determination of TMP were as follows: The electrolyte was 0.02 mol/L HAc-NaAc (pH 4.0) buffer solution, initial potential -1.00 V(vs.Ag-AgCl), final potential -1.50 V (vs. Ag-AgCl). The calibration graph was linear over the range of TMP concentrations 5.5×10~(-7)～5.5×10~(-6) mol/L. The detection limit was 2.0×10~(-7) mol/L.
This paper also reports the construction and performance characteristics of a PVC membrane trimethoprim ion selective electrode. It is based on the use of tetraphenylborate-TMP ion pair complex as the active material. The PVC membrane electrode showed Nernstian response over the trimethoprim concentration range from 4.4×10~(-5) to 2.2×10~(-3) mol/L, with a slope of 57.3 mV/decade, the limit of detection being 4.6×10~(-6) mol/L. The electrode gave fast response, and good reproducibility. The electrode potential drift was less than 4 mV for a duration of twenty days.
The trimethoprim ion selective electrode and differential pulse polarographic methods have been applied to the determination of TMP in pharmaceutical preparations. The electrode can also be used to determine TMP in urine and serum with satisfactory results.
Identification and characterization of novel mutations of the aspartoacylase gene in non‐Jewish patients with Canavan disease (2002)

Canavan disease, an inherited leukodystrophy, is caused by mutations in the aspartoacylase (ASPA) gene. It is most common among children of Ashkenazi Jewish descent but has been diagnosed in many diverse ethnic groups. Two mutations comprise the majority of mutant alleles in Jewish patients, while mutations in the ASPA gene among non-Jewish patients are different and more diverse. In the present study, the ASPA gene was analysed in 22 unrelated non-Jewish patients with Canavan disease, and 24 different mutations were found. Of these, 14 are novel, including five missense mutations (E24G, D68A, D249V, C152W, H244R), two nonsense mutations (Q184X, E214X), three deletions (923delT, 33del13, 244delA), one insertion mutation (698insC), two sequence variations in one allele ([10T>G; 11insG]), an elimination of the stop codon (941A>G, TAG-->TGG, X314W), and one splice acceptor site mutation (IVS1 - 2A>T). The E24G mutation resulted in substitution of an invariable amino acid residue (Glu) in the first esterase catalytic domain consensus sequence. The IVS1 - 2A>T mutation caused the retention of 40 nucleotides of intron 1 upstream of exon 2. The results of transient expression of the mutant ASPA cDNA containing these mutations in COS-7 cells and assays for ASPA activity of patient fibroblasts indicated that these mutations were responsible for the enzyme deficiency. In addition, patients with the novel D249V mutation manifested clinically at birth and died early. Also, patients with certain other novel mutations, including C152W, E214X, X314W, and frame shift mutations in both alleles, developed clinical manifestations at an earlier age than in classical Canavan disease.