gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dyssomnias and Parasomnias in Early Childhood (2007)

There is a high prevalence of night wakings and sleep-onset difficulties in preschool children. Parasomnias are highly prevalent in early childhood and are associated with separation anxiety. However, they have little impact on sleep duration.
Perception of stochastically undersampled sound waveforms: a model of auditory deafferentation (2013)

Auditory deafferentation, or permanent loss of auditory nerve afferent terminals, occurs after noise overexposure and aging and may accompany many forms of hearing loss. It could cause significant auditory impairment but is undetected by regular clinical tests and so its effects on perception are poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize and test a neural mechanism by which deafferentation could deteriorate perception. The basic idea is that the spike train produced by each auditory afferent resembles a stochastically digitized version of the sound waveform and that the quality of the waveform representation in the whole nerve depends on the number of aggregated spike trains or auditory afferents. We reason that because spikes occur stochastically in time with a higher probability for high- than for low-intensity sounds, more afferents would be required for the nerve to faithfully encode high-frequency or low-intensity waveform features than low-frequency or high-intensity features. Deafferentation would thus degrade the encoding of these features. We further reason that due to the stochastic nature of nerve firing, the degradation would be greater in noise than in quiet. This hypothesis is tested using a vocoder. Sounds were filtered through ten adjacent frequency bands. For the signal in each band, multiple stochastically subsampled copies were obtained to roughly mimic different stochastic representations of that signal conveyed by different auditory afferents innervating a given cochlear region. These copies were then aggregated to obtain an acoustic stimulus. Tone detection and speech identification tests were performed by young, normal-hearing listeners using different numbers of stochastic samplers per frequency band in the vocoder. Results support the hypothesis that stochastic undersampling of the sound waveform, inspired by deafferentation, impairs speech perception in noise more than in quiet, consistent with auditory aging effects.
Training 1100 x 1100-port MEMS-based optical crossconnect switches (2004)

We report 1100 x 1100-port optical crossconnect switch using micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The challenge of generating the database for each connection was addressed by advanced mathematical modeling, streamlined learning process and efficient hill-climbing algorithm.
reversibility of n-3 fatty acid deficiency and turnover of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain, erythrocytes, and plasma of rhesus monkeys' (1990)

Rhesus monkeys given pre- and postnatal diets defi- cient in n-3 essential fatty acids develop low levels of docosahexa- enoic acid (22:6 n-3, DHA) in the cerebral cortex and retina and impaired visual function. This highly polyunsaturated fatty acid is an important component of retinal photoreceptors and brain synaptic membranes. To study the turnover of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain and the reversibility of n-3 fatty acid defi- ciency, we fed five deficient juvenile rhesus monkeys a fish oil diet rich in DHA and other n-3 fatty acids for up to 129 weeks. The results of serial biopsy samples of the cerebral cortex indi- cated that the changes of brain fatty acid composition began as early as 1 week after fish oil feeding and stabilized at 12 weeks. The DHA content of the phosphatidylethanolamine of the fron- tal cortex increased progressively from 3.9 + 1.2 to 28.4 + 1.7 percent of total fatty acids. The n-6 fatty acid, 22:5, abnormally high in the cerebral cortex of n-3 deficient monkeys, decreased reciprocally from 16.2 * 3.1 to 1.6 0.4%. The half-life (tl,*) of DHA in brain phosphatidylethanolamine was estimated to be 21 days. The fatty acids of other phospholipids in the brain (phosphatidylcholine, -serine, and -inositol) showed similar changes. The DHA content of plasma and erythrocyte phospho- lipids also increased greatly, with estimated half-lives of 29 and 21 days, respectively. a We conclude that monkey cerebral cortex with an abnormal fatty acid composition produced by dietary n-3 fatty acid deficiency has a remarkable capacity to change its fatty acid content after dietary fish oil, both to in- crease 22:6 n-3 and to decrease 22:5 n-6 fatty acids. The bio- chemical evidence of n-3 fatty acid deficiency was completely corrected. These data imply a greater lability of the fatty acids of the phospholipids of the cerebral cortex than has been hitherto appreciated. -Connor, W. E., M. Neuringer, and D. S. Lin. Dietary effects on brain fatty acid composition: the reversibility on n-3 fatty acid deficiency and turnover of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain, erythrocytes, and plasma of rhesus monkeys. J Lipid Res. 1990. 31: 237-247.
in vivo effects of 4‐amidinoindan‐l‐one 2′‐amidinohydrazone (CGP 48664A) and α‐difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) on L1210 growth, cell‐cycle phase distribution and polyamine contents (1995)

We studied the in vivo effects of 4-amidinoindan-1-one 2'-amidinohydrazone (CGP 48664A), alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and a combination of CGP 48664A-DFMO on tumor growth, cell-cycle phase distribution and polyamine contents. DBA-2 mice were inoculated i.p. with 10(5) L1210 cells on day 0, treated i.p. on days 1-4 and killed on day 5. As compared to controls, CGP 48664A, DFMO and the CGP 48664A-DFMO combination reduced L1210 cell numbers by 33, 43 and 85%, respectively. CGP 48664A did not affect cell-cycle phase distribution. DFMO and the CGP 48664A-DFMO combination caused a moderate and a heavy accumulation in G0/G1- and G2/M-phases, respectively. Compared with controls, the CGP 48664A-DFMO combination reduced putrescine, spermidine and total polyamines, but did not affect spermine. Compared with CGP 48664A, the CGP 48664A-DFMO combination caused lower putrescine and total polyamines, higher spermine, but no change in spermidine. Compared with DFMO, the CGP 48664A-DFMO combination caused higher putrescine and spermidine, lower spermine, but no change in total polyamine levels. We conclude that CGP 48664A potentiates the cystostatic effect of DFMO in vivo. The resulting growth inhibition is accompanied by an accumulation in G0/G1- and G2/M-phases and a reduction of putrescine and spermidine. The data suggest that perturbed polyamine composition rather than reduced spermidine or total polyamine pool size causes a profound growth inhibition.
Noisy quantum kernel machines (2022)

In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, an important goal is the conception of implementable algorithms that exploit the rich dynamics of quantum systems and the high dimensionality of the underlying Hilbert spaces to perform tasks while prescinding from noise-proof physical systems. An emerging class of quantum learning machines is that based on the paradigm of quantum kernels. Here, we study how dissipation and decoherence affect their performance. We address this issue by investigating the expressivity and the generalization capacity of these models within the framework of kernel theory. We introduce and study the effective kernel rank, a figure of merit that quantifies the number of independent features a noisy quantum kernel is able to extract from input data. Moreover, we derive an upper bound on the generalization error of the model that involves the average purity of the encoded states. Thereby we show that decoherence and dissipation can be seen as an implicit regularization for quantum kernel machines. As an illustrative example, we report exact finite-size simulations of machines based on chains of driven-dissipative quantum spins to perform a classification task, where the input data are encoded into the driving fields and the quantum physical system is fixed. We determine how the performance of noisy kernel machines scales with the number of nodes (chain sites) as a function of decoherence and examine the effect of imperfect measurements.
Ten Billion Shot Update of NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) Laser Transmitter Systems (2021)

The Global Ecosystems Dynamics Investigation employs three laser systems delivered by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. We report on the status of these systems after over 2 years and 10 billion shots in orbit.
miR-185/ P2Y6 Axis Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Human Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation (2017)

The abnormal proliferation and apoptosis of human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Recent study revealed that angiotensin II (Ang II) could elicit HAVSMC dysfunction, to induce or aggravate hypertension. Purinergic receptor P2Y6, an inflammation-inducible G protein-coupled receptor, promoted Ang II-induced hypertension. In the present study, we revealed that Ang II induced HAVSMC proliferation and upregulated P2Y6 protein levels. After knockdown of P2Y6, the promotive effect of Ang II on HAVSMC proliferation was restored. microRNAs (miRNAs) involve in most biological processes. In this study, we scanned out seven candidate miRNAs, which were predicted to contain binding site of P2Y6's 3'-UTR by online tools. Among them, miR-185 was significantly downregulated by Ang II treatment. miR-185 reduced P2Y6 protein levels by direct binding to the 3'UTR of P2Y6. miR-185 overexpression suppressed HAVSMC proliferation; P2Y6 overexpression or Ang II treatment promoted HAVSMC proliferation, and restored the suppressive effect of miR-185 on HAVSMC proliferation. Besides, miR-185/P2Y6 axis also affected pERK1/2 protein levels. Taken together, the present study indicated that miR-185/P2Y6 axis might inhibit Ang II-induced HAVSMC proliferation through miR-185 negatively regulating P2Y6 expression and the downstream ERK pathway; rescuing miR-185 expression to inhibit P2Y6 may represent a therapeutic strategy against HAVSMC dysfunction and hypertension.
High-performance, hysteresis free, ambipolar hybrid perovskite based field-effect transistors (2017)

Hybrid perovskites are solution processed crystalline materials with excellent electronic and optical properties, which enables high-efficiency optoelectronic devices. However, hybrid perovskites-based field effect transistor operation at room temperature has remained elusive. This is due to the non-reproducibility induced by polar nature of the structure coupled with ionic motions, which screens the capacitively coupled gate voltage. In this study, we report high-performance, hysteresis-free ambipolar FETs using highly crystalline hybrid perovskites thin films, operating at room temperature. We systematically improved the film quality, the effect of high-K dielectrics between the perovskites and gate. As a result, we obtained FETs with high trans-conductance with low subthreshold slopes leading to an on/off ration >104. Moreover, we achieve ambipolar transport at room temperature that strongly correlates to the choice of the gate-dielectric, that allow to tune the Fermi energy of perovskites for electrons and holes injections. We anticipate these results will open up the systematic investigation on the electronic properties in hybrid perovskites materials, for the opportunities to discover novel devices functionalities such as ultrasensitive photo-transistors and spin FETs.
Sweet role of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule in understanding angiogenesis (2014)

The vascular endothelial glycocalyx contains several anionic sugars, one of which is a sialic acid attached to both N- and O-glycans. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM), a member of the Ig superfamily that plays multiple roles in cell adhesion, mechanical stress sensing, antiapoptosis and angiogenesis, has recently been shown to recognize α2,6-sialic acid. In endothelial cells that lack α2,6-sialic acid because of sialyltransferase ST6Gal I deficiency, impairment of the homophilic PECAM interaction and PECAM-dependent cell survival signaling is observed. In this review, we will introduce part of the biological role of PECAM, and discuss how the lectin activity of PECAM is related to angiogenesis.
Intravesical Recurrence after Surgical Management of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract (2012)

Tumor multifocality is a significant risk factor in developing IVR after surgery for UUT-UC. These results indicate that despite most IVR occurring within 2 years of treatment, it is necessary to follow such patients more closely using cystoscopy. However, IVR is unlikely to indicate a poorer prognosis.
Reduction of flicker noise in transistor amplifiers (1968)

An amplifier has been built using the chopper technique suggested by Baxandall. A low-frequency noise figure of 6dB has been obtained, but in the region of 1 Hz upwards, a simple bipolar or f.e.t. circuit will give a better performance.
Natural Products as Antibiofilm Agents (2022)

Biofilms, are vastly structured surface-associated communities of microorganisms, enclosed within a self-produced extracellular matrix. Microorganisms, especially bacteria are able to form complex structures known as biofilms. The presence of biofilms especially in health care settings increases resistance to antimicrobial agents which poses a major health problem. This is because biofilm-associated persistent infections are difficult to treat due to the presence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. This chapter will give an idea about documented agents including isolated compounds, crude extracts, decoctions, fractions, etc. obtained from natural sources such as plants, bacteria, fungi, sponge and algae with antibiofilm activities. Furthermore, we have done phylogenetic analysis to identify plant families most prolific in producing plant species and compounds with good antibiofilm properties so as to aid in prioritizing plant species to investigate in future studies. The data in this chapter will help serve as valuable information and guidance for future antimicrobial development.
Self-healing of glucose-modified polyurethane networks facilitated by damage-induced primary amines (2016)

Mechanical damages are able to induce formation of reactive groups, which with a proper catalyst, will lead to self-healing.
Expression of four virulence antigens of Shigella flexneri is positively regulated at the transcriptional level by the 30 kilo Dalton virF protein (1988)

On the virulence plasmid of Shigella flexneri the virG region required for cell-to-cell spread of the bacterium encodes a 130 kiloDalton (kD) antigen and Region-2 essential for the bacterial invasion of epithelial cells encodes 57, 43 and 39 kD antigens. The expression of these four antigens is positively regulated by the 30 kD protein encoded by virF, whose nucleotide sequence had been determined and which was previously found to be essential for virulence. An approximately 3.8 kilobase (kb) RNA transcript is found to be transcribed by the virG region and is positively regulated by the virF protein resulting in increased production of the 130 kD antigen. The virF sequence is conserved among all shigellae and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli.
BJOLP: the Big Joint Optimal Landmarks Planner (2011)

BJOLP, the Big Joint Optimal Landmarks Planner, uses landmarks to derive an admissible heuristic, which is then used to guide a search for a cost-optimal plan. In this paper we review landmarks and describe how they can be used to derive an admissible heuristic. We conclude with presenting the BJOLP planner.
Television as a Distance Fixation Apparatus (1973)

A portable transistorized television set as a distance fixation target for both adults and children has been used clinically. The novelty of this apparatus is enhanced by turning off the audio portion of the set. Such a device is readily available, inexpensive, and easily serviced.
Purification and characterization of recombinant histidine‐tagged human platelet 12‐lipoxygenase expressed in a baculovirus/insect cell system (1993)

A baculoviral expression vector consisting of a sequence encoding a six-histidine tag apposed to the human platelet 12-lipoxygenase cDNA, under control of the polyhedrin promoter, was constructed. Recombinant 12-lipoxygenase baculoviruses were used to infect Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells (Sf9). At 54 h post-infection, maximal 12-lipoxygenase activity and protein levels were achieved; the enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity in a single step by nickel-ion-chelation chromatography in which the (His)6-tagged 12-lipoxygenase was eluted with 100 mM imidazole. The purified enzyme metabolized arachidonic acid almost exclusively to 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid with little, if any, epoxyalcohol or reduction products and had a Vmax of 2-4 mumol min-1 mg protein-1, Km of 10 microM and kcat of approximately 250 min-1. linoleic acid, on the other hand, was converted to (13S)-13-hydroperoxy-octadecadienoic acid at a rate which was about 2% of that obtained with arachidonic acid as substrate, but displayed the same Km. The enzyme was most active between pH 7.5-8 and activity was stimulated significantly in the presence of 0.006% Tween-20. A polyclonal antibody to the recombinant enzyme was generated and found to recognize a single 75-kDa band in platelets, human erythroleukemia cells and 12-lipoxygenase baculoviral-infected Sf9 cells by immunoblot and immunoprecipitation methods. 12-Lipoxygenase protein represented 0.1% of the total soluble protein in platelet preparations. In immunofluorescence experiments 12-lipoxygenase was observed in the cytoplasm of infected insect cells and in the human megakaryoblastic DAMI cell line. The isolation of large quantities of pure human platelet 12-lipoxygenase should facilitate detailed biochemical structure/function studies.
Enforcing Maximum-Transition-Run Code Constraints and Low-Density Parity-Check Decoding (2004)

We present a novel algorithm for imposing the maximum-transition-run (MTR) code constraint in the decoding of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over a partial response channel. This algorithm provides a gain of about 0.2 dB. We also develop log and max-log versions of the MTR enforcer, similar to the well-known "log-MAP" (maximum a posteriori ) and "max-log-MAP" variants of the LDPC decoder, that have performance equivalent to that of the original version.
DIRECT LIQUID COOLING OF ELECTRONIC CHIPS BY SINGLE-PHASE FORCED CONVECTION OF FC-72 (1998)

Abstract Experimental studies of single-phase heat transfer with the working fluid FC-72 from a single chip and a four-in-line chip module mounted on one wall of a vertical rectangular channel are carried out. Both flush-mounted and protruding chip configurations are investigated with the channel height being equal to the ship length. The Reynolds number based on chip length ranged from 2.2 × 103 to 6.3 × 104 (3.0 × 103 < ReD < 8.4 × 104) for an inlet temperature of 25°C. Results for a single flush-mounted chip are in good agreement with those obtained for the most upstream chip of the multichip module. Heat transfer data of a single heated protruding chip located downstream agree well with the results from the single flush-mounted chip. Heat transfer coefficients from flush-mounted chips are less than those from protruding chips.
Modelling extravascular drug penetration using multilayered cell cultures (2009)

This thesis describes experiments using multilayered cell cultures (MCCs) to examine the ability of anticancer drugs to penetrate the extravascular compartment of tumour tissue. An MCC consists of cells grown on a permeable plastic membrane to form a disc-like, threedimensional tissue culture 10-30 layers in thickness. MCCs are similar to the spheroidal cell culture model in that they rnirnic the cell environment of tumour tissue better than monolayer cultures in terms of cell contact effects, oxygen and nutrient gradients and the extracellular matrix content. The geometry of MCCs allows for simple experiments in which the cultures are used to separate two reservoirs of a diffusion apparatus and the flux of a drug from one reservoir, through the culture and into the second reservoir, is determined. When coupled with detailed knowledge of the tissue environment and drug-cell interactions, the analysis of flux data from such experiments provides quantitative information on the rate of diffusion and metabolism, or binding, of the drug within the tissue. Such information can be used as a comparative measure between analogues within a given family of drugs or be directly applied to predict the ability of a drug to distribute into tumour tissue. The flux of representative compounds from several classes of anticancer drugs including hypoxic cell radiosensitizers, hypoxic cell cytotoxins and anthracyclines was studied and results are reported in this thesis. In addition to drug flux studies, the cell environment of MCCs was characterised using electrical impedance spectroscopy as well as through experiments involving the use of radiolabeled inulin.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOSELENIUM CHEMISTRY. 4. DEPROTONATIONS WITH POTASSIUM DIISOPROPYLAMIDE‐LITHIUM TERT‐BUTOXIDE. ALKYLATION OF 1‐(PHENYLSELENO)ALKENES AND BIS(PHENYLSELENO) ACETALS (1979)

Abstract Die Vinylselenide (I) reagieren mit einem Gemisch aus Kalium‐diisopropylamid und Lithium‐tert.‐butylat zu Anionen, die dann mit elektrophilen Reagentien zu (II) substituiert werden.
Impact of the combined use of intracardiac ultrasound and a steerable sheath visualized by a 3D mapping system on pulmonary vein isolation (2021)

The use of visualized sheaths may reduce the fluoroscopic time and improve the catheter stability during the PVI.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TOTAL HEMOGLOBIN MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY: NONINVASIVE PULSE CO-OXIMETRY AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS (2011)

Hemoglobin can be measured on a variety of devices using different principles of operation. Noninvasive pulse CO-oximetry represents the latest development in hemoglobin measuring technology. The technology uses principles similar to pulse oximetry to measure total hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, reduced oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin. Similar to the introduction of pulse oximetry to the medical field, pulse CO-oximetry has been met with skepticism. Since the technology is noninvasive and provides continuous monitoring in comparison to invasive and discrete techniques used in other methods, CO-oximetry purportedly provides an advantage in patient care. The purpose of this research is threefold: (a) to review the various underlying principles of measuring hemoglobin, (b) to compare the results of clinical studies determining the efficacy of the new pulse CO-oximeter technology, and (c) to provide a technical and financial basis for implementation of pulse CO-oximetry into a hospital or institution. These combined outcomes will determine the practicality of non-invasive pulse CO-oximetry in improving patient care, given the advantage of noninvasive, continuous monitoring.