gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MICROWAVE SPECTRUM AND STRUCTURE OF $CH_{3}-CN-BF_{3}$ (1991)

The gas phase adduct $CH_{3}CN-BF_{3}$ has been observed by rotational spectroscopy. The structure is that of a symmetric top with the nitrogen end of the $CH_{3}CN$ toward the boron. The B-N bond length is $2.010\\pm 0.020$ {\\AA} and the NBF angle is $95.3^{0}\\pm 1.4^{0}$. The structure is reminiscent of the classical dative bond chemistry known for adducts of $BF_{3}$ with nitrogen containing donors, and of related weakly bound complexes of $BF_{3}$, but is extremely unusual in that the bond length and the NBF angle are intermediate between the limits normally observed for van der waals or covalently bonded systems. Moreover, the B-N bond length is $0.4$ {\\AA} longer than that determined in the solid state by X-ray crystallography, indicating a significant influence of neighboring molecules in the crystal on the structure of a single dimeric unit. We draw analogy with well known crystallographic work of Dunitz and coworkers, and interpret the structure as a snapshot along the reaction path for the formation of the boron -- nitrogen dative bond.
Computer-aided diagnosis in chest radiology (1990)

Digital radiography offers several important advantages over conventional systems, including abilities for image manipulation, transmission, and storage. In the long term, however, the unique ability to apply artificial intelligence techniques for automated detection and quantitation of disease may have an even greater impact on radiologic practice. Although CAD is still in its infancy, the results of several recent studies clearly indicate a major potential for the future. The concept of using computers to analyze medical images is not new, but recent advances in computer technology together with progress in implementing practical digital radiography systems have stimulated research efforts in this exciting field. Several facets of CAD are presently being developed at the University of Chicago and elsewhere for application in chest radiology as well as in mammography and vascular imaging. To date, investigators have focused on a limited number of subjects that have been, by their nature, particularly suitable for computer analysis. There is no aspect of radiologic diagnosis that could not potentially benefit from this approach, however. The ultimate goal of these endeavors is to provide a system for comprehensive automated image analysis, the results of which could be accepted or modified at the discretion of the radiologist.
Impacts of the Mississippi River spillway opening on faecal coliform concentration in Lake Pontchartrain (2017)

Abstract This study focuses on explaining the role of the periodic opening of the Bonnet Carré Spillway on the faecal coliform levels in Lake Pontchartrain. Water quality data were collected by the Lake Pontchartrain Basin Foundation to analyse the faecal coliform bacteria levels, turbidity, salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in the lake water. The results show that the faecal coliform concentrations were lower during the spillway opening than the preceding and subsequent months. Statistical analysis shows the dilution effect, characterized by an effective reduction in faecal coliform concentrations due to increase in water turbidity, coupled with decrease in water salinity and dissolved oxygen because of spillway opening. It is also indicated that the combine effect of more than one factor produces a significantly greater reduction in the faecal coliform than each factor acting independently. Periodic spikes in faecal coliform concentrations were observed at sampling points located near the outlets of streams and drainage canals with high settlement densities. A positive correlation ( r = 0.78467) was found between the average faecal coliform counts and average monthly precipitations, highlighting the role of precipitation run‐offs. The results of this study indicate that the spillway opening contributed to a reduction in the faecal coliform concentration in the lake's surface water during the studied periods.
The Influence of Fumed Silica Properties on the Processing, Curing, and Reinforcement Properties of Silicone Rubber (1993)

Abstract The present study uses a commercial heat cured silicone rubber formula (including a process aid) and mixing techniques to investigate the effect of varying fumed silica properties—including load, surface area, silica structure level, and surface pretreatment levels—on the rubber processing, curing, and cured physical properties. Based on the results, a simple silica network reinforcement model was developed to explain the changes in processing, curing, and vulcanizate properties of the silicone elastomers. The network is held together by silica-silica interactions and silica-polymer-silica bridge bonds between the silica aggregates. Increasing the silica loading, surface area, and structure level increases the number of interactions and hence the network strength. The pretreatment of the silica surface with organosilane molecules reduces the strength of silica-silica and silica-polymer interactions, therefore, weakening the silica network. Furthermore, the good interrelations between the initial plasticity, crepe hardening, curing, modulus yield, and durometer values strongly supports the concept of the presence of a silica network within the compounds under the low strain conditions of the tests.
Novel Process For Fabricating Low Distortion X-Ray Masks Of Submicron Gold Patterns (1988)

A novel process for fabricating x-ray masks of submicron gold patterns using a copper plating base is presented and discussed in detail. In the E-beam writing of x-ray masks, the trilevel resist layers and the metal layer for x-ray absorber patterning cause a proximity effect which determines the masks&apos; resolution. Based on E-beam simulations and experimental results, copper plating base is selected as the best metal-layer material to reduce the above effect. To fabricate submicron gold patterns on the copper base, two gold-electroplating steps are newly introduced. These are strike plating and pulse-current plating. Stress change in the plated gold and positional accuracy changes are also measured throughout the heating process. Finally, sequential steps for the fabrication of x-ray masks with plating base are shown.
N -type doping of lattice-matched ZnCdSe and ZnxCdyMg1−x−ySe epilayers on InP using ZnCl2 (1998)

Chlorine on Se-site forms a shallow donor for ZnSe. In this article, we use Cl, obtained from ZnCl2, as the n-type dopant for ZnxCdyMg1−x−ySe lattice matched to InP, a new wide band gap II-VI material grown by molecular beam epitaxy. An 800 Å p-type doped InGaAs buffer layer was grown to improve the doping behavior, consistent with improved crystalline quality. The highest free-carrier concentrations measured by Hall effect are 7×1018 cm−3 with mobility of 240 cm2/V s and 3×1018 cm−3 with mobility of 230 cm2/V s for Zn0.5Cd0.5Se (77 K Eg=2.17 eV) and ZnCdMgSe (77 K Eg=2.74 eV), respectively. A small systematic reduction of maximum carrier concentration was observed as the quaternary layer band gap is increased. No deep level emission is introduced by the chlorine dopant. High n-type doping levels, consistent with semiconductor laser applications were achieved for quaternaries of band gaps as high as 2.9 eV.
Platelet versus plasma CXCL14, coronary artery disease, and clinical outcomes (2023)

Platelet-associated and circulating CXCL14 levels show differential regulation in patients with and without CAD. Although platelet-associated CXCL14 increased and circulating CXCL14 decreased with impairment of LVEF, only lower circulating CXCL14 upon admission was associated with worse prognosis in patients with CAD.
Covalent binding properties of the C4A and C4B isotypes of the fourth component of human complement on several C1-bearing cell surfaces. (1986)

In a previous study we demonstrated that the thioester-mediated transacylation of the human C4B isotype onto sheep erythrocytes (ES) was approximately fourfold more efficient than that of C4A. Moreover, although C4B formed predominantly ester linkages, C4A displayed a preference for amide bond formation. We therefore suggested that the relative functional activity observed for the two isotypes would be a combined reflection of their nucleophilic preference and the surface composition of the C1-bearing target. The present study tests this hypothesis. Chemical modification of amino groups on Es with ethylacetimidate produced a twofold decrease in the C1-dependent binding of C4A isotype, while having a negligible effect on C4B binding. Furthermore, with human erythrocytes and two human leukocyte cell lines, K562 and U937, the C4B to C4A deposition ratio decreased from greater than 4 with ES to between 1.5 and 2. Irrespective of the target, C4A and C4B maintained their preference for forming amide and ester bonds, respectively. Interestingly, SDS-PAGE profiles of radiolabeled C4A and C4B, which had been covalently deposited on the various cells, suggested a further degree of transacylation specificity, as the two isotypic alpha-chains sometimes bound to different membrane components. These differences were not easily accounted for by simple differences in the abundance of the preferred nucleophile for each isotype on a given surface constituent, nor were they due to the preferential binding of one isotype to the sensitizing antibody. We speculate that nascent C4B may contain a substrate binding site that facilitates productive attack on the thioester carbonyl by molecules containing the class of nucleophile preferred by each isotype.
Supplementary Table 1 from Genetic and Pharmacological Strategies to Refunctionalize the von Hippel Lindau R167Q Mutant Protein (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 8KB, Missense Mutations of VHL in Renal Cell Carcinoma in the TCGA dataset.&lt;/p&gt;
Fundamentals of Wearable Computers and Augmented Reality (2015)

Data will not help you if you can't see it where you need it. Or can't collect it where you need it. Upon these principles, wearable technology was born. And although smart watches and fitness trackers have become almost ubiquitous, with in-body sensors on the horizon, the future applications of wearable computers hold so much more. A trusted refer
KNOWLEDGE-BASED MODELLING OF MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR WITH NEURAL NETWORKS (1991)

To date, material modelling has involved the development of mathematical models of material behaviour derived from human observation of, and reasoning with, experimental data. An alternative, discussed in this paper, is to use a computation and knowledge representation paradigm, called neural networks, developed by researchers in connectionism (a subfield of artificial intelligence) to model material behaviour. The main benefits of using a neural-network approach are that all behaviour can be represented within a unified environment of a neural network, and that the network is built directly from experimental data using the self-organising capabilities of the neural network. Such a modelling strategy has important implications for modelling the behaviour of modern, complex material, such as composites. In this paper, the behaviour of concrete in the state of plane stress under monotonic biaxial loading and compressive uniaxial cycle loading are modelled with a back=propagation neural network.
Genetic Variation in IL18R1 and IL18 Genes and Inteferon γ ELISPOT Response to Smallpox Vaccination: An Unexpected Relationship (2013)

Our data suggest the importance of variants in the IL18R1 and IL18 genetic loci for broad-based smallpox vaccine-induced adaptive immunity.
Regeneration and Cell Recruitment in an Improved Heterotopic Auxiliary Partial Liver Transplantation Model in the Rat (2016)

We have successfully established an improved rat APLT model with arterial anastomosis as a standard technique. Using this model, we have characterized cell recruitment into the regenerating grafts.
Lithium/Chalcogen Secondary Cells for Components in Electric Vehicular Propulsion Generating Systems. (1972)

Abstract : The research concerned the construction of lithium/chalcogen secondary cells for components in electric vehicular propulsion power generating systems. The report describes the performance of an unsealed cell (Cell No. 73). Cell No. 73, a liquid-electrolyte Li/LiF-LiCl-KCl/(S+Se) cell has consistently achieved a capacity density of greater than 0.30 A-hr/sq cm at the 1-hr rate. It is concluded that the hybrid vehicle peak power requirements can be readily achieved with lithium/chalcogen cells. The S-Se cathode alloy used in Cell No. 73 resulted in better electrical performance than was achieved in previous cells using S-Se-Tl alloys. (Author)
Directionally selective regularization for sliding preserving medical image registration (2009)

Medical image registration aims to recover the physical deformations between source and target images. As an ill-posed optimization problem, regularization energies are often used to guide the registration towards physically desirable resolutions. One challenge in registering volumetric images deformed by respiration-induced motion is to produce motion fields that are globally smooth, yet to allow for sparing physical sliding. In this study, we propose to utilize available partial prior knowledge about the sliding sites as well as their directions. We provide a general recipe for relaxed regularization that incorporates such prior knowledge. The proposed relaxation is both simple and flexible enough to be combined with robust penalty designs that would further improve the registration performance. In a preliminary test, two thoracic CT volumes at end inhale and end exhale were registered under extremely limited partial prior conditions, and the proposed method demonstrated its promise even in this pessimistic scenario.
Effects of different interlayers on the microstructure and properties of Mg/Cu dissimilar alloy welded joints (2021)

AZ31B Mg alloy and Cu (T2) were combined with different interlayers and laser pulse-welded in the form of lap joints. The microstructure and properties of Mg/Cu dissimilar alloy welded joints of different interlayer materials were studied. The results indicated that the morphology of the welded joint of different interlayer materials were unique. There were cracks in the welded joints of Ti foil and Sn foil. The best welding profile was observed from the Zn foil middle layer, and Cu2Ti and MgZn were formed in Ti and Zn foil welded joints, respectively. The msc marc software was used to simulate the welding temperature and stress of different welded joints. The average thermal stress on the Cu surface was significantly reduced by the different interlayers. The corrosion potential (Ecorr) of the Ti foil welded joint was −0.9111 V, and the corrosion current densities (Icorr) with the Ti foil, Zn foil, and noninterlayer were 32.612, 332.551, and 538.473 μA/cm2, respectively. The corrosion resistance of the welding joints by the Ti foil was the best. The most favorable interlayer was Zn foil, and the shear strength was 48.15 MPa, which was 161% higher than that of the without interlayer welded Mg/Cu joint.
High-Intensity Bremsstrahlung of Electron Accelerator in Photoneutron and Radioisotopes Production for Medicine (2019)

Purpose: To study the binary possibility of using the available linear electron accelerators for the neutron therapy and radioisotopes production. For both applications, calculations were performed and the results were normalized to the characteristics of the Mevex accelerator (average electron current 4 mA at a monoenergetic electron beam 35 MeV). It turns out that the production of both photoneutrons and radioisotopes is effective when using bremsstrahlung radiation generated in the giant dipole resonance of a heavy metal target.&#x0D; Material and methods: The unifying problem for both applications is the task of target cooling: at beam power ~ 140 kW, half of it or more is deposited directly in the target. Therefore the liquid heavy metal was selected as a target, in order to conjoin high thermohydraulics quality with maximal productivity both bremsstrahlung radiation and photoneutrons. The targets were optimized using precise codes for radiation transport and thermohydraulics problems. The optimization was also carried out for the installations as a whole: 1) for the composition of the material and configuration of the photoneutron extraction unit for neutron capture therapy (NCT) and 2) for the scheme of bremsstrahlung generation for radioisotopes production.&#x0D; Results: The photoneutron block provides an acceptable beam quality for NCT with a high neutron flux density at the output ~2·1010 cm–2s–1, which is an order of magnitude higher than the values at the output of the reactor beams that worked in the past and are currently being designed for neutron capture therapy. As for radioisotopes production, using optimal reaction channel (γ, n) 43 radioisotopes in 5 groups were received. For example, by the Mo100(γ,n)99Mo reaction the precursor 99Mo of main diagnostic nuclide 99mTc with specific activity ~6 Ci/g and total activity of the target 1.8 kCi could be produced after 1 day irradiation exposure.&#x0D; Conclusion: The proposed schemes of neutron and bremsstrahlung generation and extraction have a number of obvious advantages over traditional techniques: a) the applying of the electron accelerators for neutron production is much safer and cheaper than to use conventional reactor beams; b) accelerator with the target, the beam output unit with the necessary equipment and tooling can be placed on the territory of the clinic without any problems; c) the proposed target for NCT is liquid gallium, which also serves as a coolant; it is an “environmentally friendly” material, its activation is rather low and rapidly (in ~4 days) falls to the background level.
GSK-3β Inhibition Affects Singing Behavior and Neurogenesis in Adult Songbirds (2015)

GSK-3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3) is a serine/threonine kinase which is a critical regulator in neuronal signaling, cognition, and behavior. We have previously shown that unlike other vertebrates that harbor both α and β GSK-3 genes, the α gene is missing in birds. Therefore, birds can be used as a new animal model to study the roles of GSK-3β in behavior and in regulating adult neurogenesis. In the present study, we inhibited GSK-3β in brains of adult male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) and accordingly investigated how this inhibition affects behavior and cell proliferation. Our results show that GSK-3 inhibition: (1) affects specific aspects of singing behavior, which might be related to social interactions in birds, and (2) differentially affects cell proliferation in various parts of the ventricular zone. Taken together, our study demonstrates a role of GSK-3β in regulating singing behavior and neuronal proliferation in birds and highlights the importance of GSK-3β in modulating cognitive abilities as well as social behavior.
An access control mechanism for large scale data dissemination systems (2002)

Automatic data dissemination systems are becoming increasingly relevant in Internet-based information systems. In such systems, users subscribe to the dissemination service by providing interest profiles. These profiles are then used to determine which information should be delivered to which users, whenever new information is entered into the system. A main shortcoming of existing dissemination systems is the lack of any access control mechanisms, enabling selective information dissemination based for example on security or other regulatory policies. We present an access control model suitable for dissemination systems. The model is based on user profiles containing both user interests and user credentials (i.e., a set of attributes characterizing users for access control purposes). Information is then filtered before being delivered to users on the basis of both the user interests and credentials. To make authorization manageable when dealing with very large information systems, our model supports authorization domains, that allow one to group together information objects to which the same access control policies apply. Finally, in addition to formally defining our model and developing the related access control algorithm, we outline an implementation strategy.
Route of Antigen Uptake Differentially Impacts Presentation by Dendritic Cells and Activated Monocytes (2010)

Dendritic cells (DCs), which maintain tolerance and orchestrate T cell immune responses, comprise a heterogeneous group of cells. For example, in the steady state, murine spleen contains pre-DC-derived CD8(+) and CD8(-) conventional DCs. During inflammation, monocytes become activated and acquire some DC-like features, such as expression of CD11c and MHC class II. Although each of these cell types can present Ag, the relative efficiency of processing and presentation after Ag capture by different routes has not yet been systematically compared. To this end, we administered OVA to various conventional DCs and activated monocytes by receptor-mediated endocytosis, pinocytosis, or phagocytosis and measured internalization and presentation to MHC class I- and MHC class II-restricted T cells. We find that CD8(-) DCs are more efficient than any other type of APC tested in terms of presenting Ag to MHC class II-restricted T cells, irrespective of the route of Ag capture. In contrast, both subsets of splenic DCs are highly effective in cross-presenting Ags to CD8(+) T cells. DCs and activated monocytes cross-presented Ags delivered by DEC205-mediated endocytosis and pinocytosis. However, DCs differ from activated monocytes in that the latter are several orders of magnitude less efficient in presenting Ags captured by phagocytosis to CD8(+) or CD4(+) T cells. We conclude that DCs derived from pre-DCs differ from monocyte-derived cells in that DCs process and present Ags efficiently irrespective of the route of Ag capture. Our observations have significant implications for understanding initiation of immune responses and vaccination strategies targeting DCs and activated monocytes.
Comparative Examinations of99mTc-DMS Preparations Obtained by Labelling Dimercaptosuccinate Kits with Different Formulations (1981)

The chemical and biological characteristics of two dimercaptosuccinate kits were examined and compared: TcP-5 (produced at the Boris Kidric Institute - Vinca) in the freeze-dried form and MPI - the aqueous solution of tin dimercaptosuccinate. The radiochemical composition of the injection solutions was examined by various methods and the method of ascending paper chromatography in 50% aqueous methanol was found as satisfactory. Both preparations has similar compositions. Both preparations showed maximum renal concentrations 3-4 hrs after injection. Liver uptake of MPI was higher than that of TcP-5. The bench-life of both preparations was compared by measuring organ distribution. TcP-5 had a bench-life at least six hrs with a kidney/liver uptake ratio from 5.60 to 8.52, whereas MPI had a satisfactory bench-life of less than half an hour after labelling; thereafter, hepatic concentration rose and the kidney/liver uptake ratio dropped to 1.64.