gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First-principles investigation of mechanical and thermodynamic properties of nickel silicides at finite temperature -=SUP=-*-=/SUP=- (2018)

AbstractFirst-principles calculations are performed to investigate lattice parameters, elastic constants and 3D directional Young’s modulus E of nickel silicides (i.e., β-Ni_3Si, δ-Ni_2Si, θ-Ni_2Si, ε-NiSi, and θ-Ni_2Si), and thermodynamic properties, such as the Debye temperature, heat capacity, volumetric thermal expansion coefficient, at finite temperature are also explored in combination with the quasi-harmonic Debye model. The calculated results are in a good agreement with available experimental and theoretical values. The five compounds demonstrate elastic anisotropy. The dependence on the direction of stiffness is the greatest for δ-Ni_2Si and θ-Ni_2Si, when the stress is applied, while that for β-Ni_3Si is minimal. The bulk modulus B reduces with increasing temperature, implying that the resistance to volume deformation will weaken with temperature, and the capacity gradually descend for the compound sequence of β-Ni_3Si &gt; δ-Ni_2Si &gt; θ-Ni_2Si &gt; ε-NiSi &gt; θ-Ni_2Si. The temperature dependence of the Debye temperature ΘD is related to the change of lattice parameters, and ΘD gradually decreases for the compound sequence of ε-NiSi &gt; β-Ni_3Si &gt; δ-Ni_2Si &gt; θ-Ni_2Si &gt; θ-Ni_2Si. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient αV, isochoric heat capacity and isobaric heat capacity C _ p of nickel silicides are proportional to T ^3 at low temperature, subsequently, αV and C _ p show modest linear change at high temperature, whereas C _v obeys the Dulong-Petit limit. In addition, β-Ni_3Si has the largest capability to store or release heat at high temperature. From the perspective of solid state physics, the thermodynamic properties at finite temperature can be used to guide further experimental works and design of novel nickel–silicon alloys.
Challenging the surfactant monomer skin penetration model: penetration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles into the epidermis. (2002)

The penetration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) into the epidermis was measured using (14)C-radiolabeled SDS. It was found that, at surfactant concentrations that exceed the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SDS, the concentration of SDS measured in the epidermis increased as the total SDS concentration in the solution contacting the skin increased, thus demonstrating that micellar SDS contributes to the penetration of SDS into the epidermis. The observed SDS dose-dependent response contradicts the widely accepted view that only surfactant monomers penetrate into the skin, while surfactant in micellar form does not contribute to surfactant penetration into the skin. Nevertheless, this finding is consistent with previously unexplained observations of a dose-dependent damage to the skin induced by SDS at concentrations above the CMC. When poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was mixed with SDS, SDS micelles bound to PEO did not contribute to the concentration of SDS in the epidermis, while SDS in free SDS micelles did. Dynamic light-scattering measurements revealed an average hydrodynamic radius of 20 A for the SDS micelles, and a larger radius of 25 A for the PEO-bound SDS micelles. A comparison with typical aqueous pore radii in the stratum corneum measured in the literature (10-28 A) suggests that the SDS micelles may be able to penetrate into the skin, while the PEO-bound SDS micelles may be sterically hindered from penetrating into the skin.
High-performance carry chains for FPGAs (1998)

Carry chains are an important consideration for most computations, including FPGAs. Current FPGAs dedicate a portion of their logic to support these demands via a simple ripple carry scheme. In this paper we demonstrate how more advanced carry constructs can be embedded into FPGAs, providing significantly higher performance carry computations. We redesign the standard ripple carry chain to reduce the number of logic levels in each cell. We also develop entirely new carry structures based on high performance adders such as Carry Select, Carry Lookahead, and Brent-Kung. Overall, these optimizations achieve a speedup in carry performance of 3.8 times over current architectures.
Efficient transparent optimistic rollback recovery for distributed application programs (2002)

A transparent rollback-recovery method that adds very little overhead to distributed application programs and efficiently supports the quick commit of all output to the outside world is introduced. Each process can independently choose at any time either to use checkpointing alone (as in consistent checkpointing) or to use optimistic message logging. The system is based on a new commit algorithm that requires communication with and information about the minimum number of other processes in the system, and supports the recovery of both deterministic and nondeterministic processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of the Condensed Phase on Dissociative Electron Attachment:CH3ClCondensed on a Kr Surface (1995)

The absolute dissociative-electron-attachment cross section for ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}\mathrm{Cl}$ condensed onto multilayer Kr films was measured and found to be as high as $(2.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ (i.e., approximately ${10}^{6}$ times larger than that calculated for gaseous ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}\mathrm{Cl}$). An $R$-matrix model of electron attachment to ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}\mathrm{Cl}$ reproduces the enhancement and its variation with Kr film thickness.
Neuron tracing from light microscopy images: automation, deep learning and bench testing (2022)

This review outlines neuron tracing in various scenarios with the goal to help the community understand and navigate tools and resources. We describe the status, examples and accessibility of automatic neuron tracing. We survey recent advances of the increasingly popular deep-learning enhanced methods. We highlight the semi-automatic methods for single neuron tracing of mammalian whole brains as well as the resulting datasets, each containing thousands of full neuron morphologies. Finally, we exemplify the commonly used datasets and metrics for neuron tracing bench testing.
Key performance‐cost tradeoffs in smart electric vehicle charging with distributed generation (2021)

Abstract Growing penetration of Electric Vehicles (EV) and Distributed Generation (DG) is driving sharper peaks in demand and supply, which, if poorly managed, manifest as over‐ or undervoltage and disrupt grid service quality. Smart charging schemes reschedule EV charging load according to factors such as grid stability, price signals, etc. It remains unclear how to do this while meeting the diverging needs and expectations of multiple concerned participants. This paper proposes two smart charging schemes for secondary voltage control in the distribution network and analyses performance‐cost tradeoffs relating to key players in the Smart Grid. To support these schemes, a distributed communications architecture is designed that jointly minimises traffic burden, computation load and investment in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) hardware. Scheme I (Smart Curtailment), curtails load and DG for peak shaving. Scheme II (Smart Correction) optimises cost‐efficiency for subscribing users by maximising power transfer during off‐peak hours or when renewable energy is high. Performance of both schemes is consolidated statistically under almost 6 months of practical input profiles. Dramatic improvements in EV &amp; DG capacity are demonstrated and key performance‐cost tradeoffs relating to Voltage Control, Peak Shaving, User Inconvenience, CO 2 Emissions and ICT Deployment Cost are identified.
Chemistry of Pyrazine and Its Derivatives. III. The Synthesis of Carbinols by the Participation of Methylpyrazine in Aldol-type Condensations1 (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of Pyrazine and Its Derivatives. III. The Synthesis of Carbinols by the Participation of Methylpyrazine in Aldol-type Condensations1John D. Behun and Robert LevineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 21, 5666–5669Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01530a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01530a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the Convergence Properties of the Mini-Batch EM and MCEM Algorithms (2018)

The EM algorithm is one of the most popular algorithm for inference in latent data models. For large datasets, each iteration of the algorithm can be numerically involved. To alleviate this problem, (Neal and Hinton, 1998) has proposed an incremental version in which the conditional expectation of the latent data (E-step) is computed on a mini-batch of observations. In this paper, we analyse this variant and propose and analyse the Monte Carlo version of the incremental EM in which the conditional expectation is evaluated by a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). We establish the almost-sure convergence of these algorithms, covering both the mini-batch EM and its stochastic version. Various numerical applications are introduced in this article to illustrate our findings.
Conjugated PDT drug: Photosensitizing activity and tissue distribution of PEGylated pheophorbidea (2010)

The design of new photosensitizers with enhanced phototoxicity and pharmacokinetic properties remains a central challenge for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this study, Pheophorbide a (Pba) has been pegylated to methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPE G-Pba) to produce a soluble photosensitizer that exhibits a higher tissue distribution than free Pba. In vitro studies have shown that mPE G-Pba promotes a fairly strong photosensitizing effect in cancer cells, as previously observed for the unpegylated molecule. mPE G-Pba targets the mitochondria where, following photoactivation, ROS are produced which cause a cellular injury by lipid peroxidation. The effect of pegylation on the photosensitizer biodistribution has been examined in different selected organs of female mice, at different time points after intraperitoneal administration of the drug (50 μmol/Kg body weight). Other than free Pba, which showed a low tissue accumulation, mPE G-Pba has been detected in significant amounts (8 to 16 μg/ml) in liver, spleen, duodenum and kidney and, 3-5 hours after intraperitoneal injection, in moderate amounts (3 to 8 μg/ml) in brain and lung. In vivo optical imaging performed on living female C57/BL6 mice bearing a subcutaneous melanoma mass, showed that injected mPEG-Pba distributes all over the body, with an higher uptake in the tumor respect to free Pba. Our results indicate that although pegylation somewhat decreases the phototoxicity, it significantly increases the drug solubility and tissue distribution and tumor uptake of mPE G-Pba, making the conjugate an interesting photosensitizer for PDT.
The experience of blood glucose monitoring in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (2021)

The group surveyed comprised engaged people with T2DM but even within this group there was significant variation in (a) awareness of shorter term risks, (b) confidence in their ability to implement appropriate insulin dosage (c) awareness of the limitations of BG monitoring technology. There is clearly an area where changes in education/support would benefit many.
ChemInform Abstract: O‐Methyl‐bis‐O‐(4‐nitrophenyl)phosphite: A Novel Chemoselective O‐Phosphitylating Reagent. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reflector antennas with low sidelobes, low cross polarization, and high aperture efficiency (1984)

Techniques are presented for computing the horn near field patterns on the subreflectors and for correcting the phase center errors of the horn pattern by shaping the subreflector surface. The diffraction pattern computations for scanned beams are described. The effects of dish aperture diffraction on pattern bandwidth are investigated. A model antenna consisting of a reflector, shaped subreflector, and corrugated feed horn is described.
INTRATUMOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS DURING PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (1987)

Abstract Photodynamic therapy has been under investigation as a form of cancer treatment for a number of years. This procedure uses a light source of 630 nm to photoactivate the drug, Photofrin II. Researchers in the past have reported temperature increases during photodynamic therapy, by measuring surface temperature of the tumor or a single point temperature within the tumors. Three temperature points within the tumors have been measured in this study, to quantify the temperature distribution within the lesion. These temperatures were measured for photodynamic therapy treated mice and control mice receiving an exposure to the treatment light without the drug. The use of a filtered xenon arc lamp for the 630 nm light source produced larger temperature increases and thermal gradients within the tumors, than when an Argon dye laser was employed. This temperature increase is due in part to the broad wavelength output of this filtered lamp. When this thermal effect is present during PDT treatment, researchers have observed the development of shock proteins resulting in the induction of thermotolerance and resistance to subsequence hyperthermia treatments. Using the filtered arc lamp, mice receiving photodynamic therapy treatments displayed consistently higher temperature increases than control mice. The use of an argon dye laser, with sufficient air cooling of the tumor, can eliminate this thermal effect. It has been demonstrated that the use of filtered lamps produce thermal effects which cannot be eliminated, demonstrating that lasers should be the primary source of light used to photoirradiate animals for photodynamic therapy studies. The intratumor temperature increases should be documented at multiple positions, to determine the amount of thermotolerance which can be induced. When photodynamic therapy is followed with a subsequent hyperthermia treatment, this induced thermotolerance can then be taken into consideration.
Structured Care and Self-Management Education for Persons with Parkinson’s Disease: Why the First Does Not Go without the Second—Systematic Review, Experiences and Implementation Concepts from Sweden and Germany (2020)

Integrated care is regarded as a key for care delivery to persons with chronic long-term conditions such as Parkinson's disease. For persons with Parkinson's disease, obtaining self-management support is a top priority in the context of integrated care. Self-management is regarded as a crucial competence in chronic diseases since the affected persons and their caregivers inevitably take up the main responsibility when it comes to day-to-day management. Formal self-management education programs with the focus on behavioral skills relevant to the induction and maintenance of behavioral change have been implemented as a standard in many chronic long-term conditions. However, besides the example of the Swedish National Parkinson School, the offers for persons with Parkinson's disease remain fragmented and limited in availability. Today, no such program is implemented as a nationwide standard in Germany. This paper provides (1) a systematic review on structured self-management education programs specifically designed or adopted for persons with Parkinson's disease, (2) presents the Swedish National Parkinson School as an example for a successfully implemented nationwide program and (3) presents a concept for the design, evaluation and long-term implementation of a future-orientated self-management education program for persons with Parkinson's disease in Germany.
Power Minimisation Techniques for Testing Low Power VLSI Circuits (PhD Dissertation) (2000)

Testing low power very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits has recently become an area of concern due to yield and reliability problems. This dissertation focuses on minimising power dissipation during test application at logic level and register-transfer level (RTL) of abstraction of the VLSI design flow. The first part of this dissertation addresses power minimisation techniques in scan sequential circuits at the logic level of abstraction. A new best primary input change (BPIC) technique based on a novel test application strategy has been proposed. The technique increases the correlation between successive states during shifting in test vectors and shifting out test responses by changing the primary inputs such that the smallest number of transitions is achieved. The new technique is test set dependent and it is applicable to small to medium sized full and partial scan sequential circuits. Since the proposed test application strategy depends only on controlling primary input change time, power is minimised with no penalty in test area, performance, test efficiency, test application time or volume of test data. Furthermore, it is shown that partial scan does not provide only the commonly known benefits such as less test area overhead and test application time, but also less power dissipation during test application when compared to full scan. To achieve power savings in large scan sequential circuits a new test set independent multiple scan chain-based technique which employs a new design for test (DFT) architecture and a novel test application strategy, is presented. The technique has been validated using benchmark examples, and it has been shown that power is minimised with low computational time, low overhead in test area and volume of test data, and with no penalty in test application time, test efficiency, or performance. The second part of this dissertation addresses power minimisation techniques for testing low power VLSI circuits using built-in self-test (BIST) at RTL. First, it is important to overcome the shortcomings associated with traditional BIST methodologies. It is shown how a new BIST methodology for RTL data paths using a novel concept called test compatibility classes (TCC) overcomes high test application time, BIST area overhead, performance degradation, volume of test data, fault-escape probability, and complexity of the testable design space exploration. Second, power minimisation in BIST RTL data paths is achieved by analysing the effect of test synthesis and test scheduling on power dissipation during test application and by employing new power conscious test synthesis and test scheduling algorithms. Third, the new BIST methodology has been validated using benchmark examples. Further, it is shown that when the proposed power conscious test synthesis and test scheduling is combined with novel test compatibility classes simultaneous reduction in test application time and power dissipation is achieved with low overhead in computational time.
[Studies on the possible correlations between in vitro and in vivo data using commercial triamterene formulations (author's transl)]. (1980)

The in vitro dissolution rates of triamterene preparations varied significantly, partly due to different formulations. In a randomized cross-over study on 6 normal subjects the kinetic data of three preparations were investigated. The plasma concentrations of triamterene and its main metabolite hydroxytriamterene sulfuric acid ester were measured with a specific analytical method. Good correlations were found between the in vitro data of the Paddle method and the in vivo results. Dissolution rates determined with the Paddle method predict the in vivo performance of triamterene formulations.
STUDY ON PRODUCTION OF NITRIC MONOXIDE FOR RESPIRATORY DISTRESS BY PULSED DISCHARGE (2005)

As a new approach to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), NO has recently received more attention. In the present work, NO is generated by negative pulsed discharge equipment between multi-rod and plate electrodes in dry air at the atmospheric pressure. Some of the important parameters affecting concentration of NO and NO2 have been investigated. These include the pulsed discharge current, the distance between electrodes, the flow rate of dry air, the duration of discharge and heated temperature. The results show that power supply voltage considerably affects the concentration of NO and NO2. The concentration of NO and NO2 and the ratio of NO2/(NO+NO2) decreases with extending discharge and increasing flow rate. A small quantity of NO2, which is known to be a toxic gas, can be deoxidized to NO using a heated molybdenum wire. The resulting concentration of NO and NO2 in the experiment is completely fit for medical treatment