gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P2‐199: HIPPOCAMPAL LEVEL OF LSD1 CORRELATES WITH INTRACELLULAR AMYLOID‐BETA LOAD, INFLAMMATION, NEURODEGENERATION AND COGNITIVE DECLINE IN AN AD‐LIKE RAT MODEL. (2019)

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is an enzyme that decreases methylation levels, predominantly at histone H3 lysine 4, and the dysregulation of H3K4 methylation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodevelopmental disorders. Among epigenetic pathways, LSD1 is critically involved in various neural functions, such as learning and memory and the activation of neuroinflammatory responses. In this study we investigated whether the epigenetic regulator LSD1 play a role on inflammation, neurodegeneration and cognition in our transgenic rat model of AD during the progression of the Aβ pathology. Hemizygous McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic rats, which progressively accumulates intraneuronal Aβ peptide and display cognitive deficits, were used. After cognitive functions analysis by Morris water maze, hippocampal amyloid-β accumulation, LSD1 levels, inflammatory protein markers expression (IL1-β, COX-2 and nNOS) and presynaptic immunoreactive boutons (synaptophysin) were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot at different ages (3, 6, 12 and 18 months old) in non-transgenic (APP-/-) and hemizygous (APP+/-) transgenic rats. Hippocampal LSD1 protein levels begin to increase at very early stages of amyloid pathology and persist through age, this increased expression of LSD1 positively correlates with intracellular Aβ levels. Additionally, there was a strong positive association among LSD1 and the protein expression of the inflammatory markers IL1-β, nNOS and COX-2. Moreover, increased levels of LSD1 negatively correlate with synaptophysin and cognitive performance during the evolution of the amyloid pathology. These results demonstrated that intraneuronal Aβ accumulation is sufficient to disrupt LSD1 expression at the early stages of the AD-like amyloid pathology, before β-Amyloid plaques formation. Consequently, the increased expression of LSD1 leads to an upregulation in the pro-inflammatory response showing a functional link between the excessive inflammatory status and epigenetic regulation of the inflammatory response by LSD1. Additionally, the dysregulation in LSD1 may contribute to a decline in cognitive functions at late stages (18 months) of the hemizygous transgenic rats, pointing LSD1 as a good candidate for early clinical manipulation.
The return of thalidomide: Are birth defects surveillance systems ready? (1997)

In the 1960s, thalidomide caused limb deficiencies in thousands of infants worldwide. The limb deficiencies were frequently of the intercalary type. As a result, numerous countries started birth defect surveillance programs. In 1967, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) started the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), a population-based surveillance system, to provide early warning against new teratogens. Recent studies have shown that thalidomide may be beneficial for a range of conditions, including cancer and AIDS, and it may once again become widely available. Here, we examine the ability of MACDP to detect an increase in the birth prevalence of limb deficiency as an early warning of fetal exposure to thalidomide. We calculated base rates for all limb deficiencies, for bilateral nonsyndromic intercalary or preaxial deficiencies, and for all nonsyndromic intercalary limb deficiencies among Atlanta infants born from 1968 through 1993. We used relative risk estimates from previous studies and a range of pregnancy exposure rates for thalidomide. We tested the statistical power of MACDP to detect subtle changes in the birth prevalence of these defects using Poisson and cumulative sum (CUSUM) techniques. The base rates for all limb deficiencies, for bilateral intercalary or preaxial deficiencies, and for all intercalary limb deficiencies, were 0.53, 0.035, and 0.022/1,000, and the estimated relative risks were 175, 4,570, and 8,180, respectively. We varied the assumed rate of exposure to thalidomide from 1/10,000 to 5/100. With a 1/1,000 exposure rate, both Poisson and CUSUM techniques will detect a rate change in intercalary limb deficiency in about 6 months of monitoring, and a rate change in bilateral intercalary or preaxial deficiencies in about 12 months of monitoring. When monitoring all limb deficiencies, a pregnancy exposure rate of 3.5% or less would go unnoticed by the Poisson method and would take more than 50 years for the CUSUM method to signal an alarm with a 1/1,000 exposure rate. However, for rates of exposure less than 1/1,000, a progressively longer period of time or larger sample are needed to detect a rate change by both methods. Our findings highlight the importance of enlarging the monitored population and correct case classification in birth defects surveillance.
Simply Easy! An Implementation of a Dependently Typed Lambda Calculus (2007)

We present an implementation in Haskell of a dependently-typed lambda calculus that can be used as the core of a programming language. We show that a dependently-typed lambda calculus is no more difficult to implement than other typed lambda calculi. In fact, our implementation is almost as easy as an implementation of the simply typed lambda calculus, which we emphasize by discussing the modifications necessary to go from one to the other. We explain how to add data types and write simple programs in the core language, and discuss the steps necessary to build a full-fledged programming language on top of our simple core.
Comparison of 4H-SiC impact ionization models using experiments and self-consistent simulations (2008)

We report comparisons of measured photocurrent versus voltage curves of avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with those calculated using different 4H-SiC hole and electron impact ionization coefficients. As the published impact ionization coefficients result in ionization rates that differ greatly in magnitude, the predicted breakdown voltages using these models vary by many volts. To this end, we investigate the breakdown voltage prediction capability of three prevailing impact ionization models in conjunction with several experiments. To obtain APD performance numerically, we developed a device simulator, which shows that the inclusion of proper electric field-dependent impact ionization rates can accurately predict a variety of measured current-voltage curves, breakdown voltages, and current multiplication rates.
Robotic cardiac surgery (2006)

As minimally invasive and robotic surgical technology advances, so proceeds the spectrum of potential applications for robotic cardiac surgery.
Mutation of conserved negatively charged residues in the S2 and S3 transmembrane segments of a mammalian K+ channel selectively modulates channel gating. (1995)

Voltage-gated channel proteins sense a change in the transmembrane electric field and respond with a conformational change that allows ions to diffuse across the pore-forming structure. Site-specific mutagenesis combined with electrophysiological analysis of expressed mutants in amphibian oocytes has previously established the S4 transmembrane segment as an element of the voltage sensor. Here, we show that mutations of conserved negatively charged residues in S2 and S3 of a brain K+ channel, thought of as countercharges for the positively charged residues in S4, selectively modulate channel gating without modifying the permeation properties. Mutations of Glu235 in S2 that neutralize or reverse charge increase the probability of channel opening and the apparent gating valence. In contrast, replacements of Glu272 by Arg or Thr268 by Asp in S3 decrease the open probability and the apparent gating valence. Residue Glu225 in S2 tolerated replacement only by acidic residues, whereas Asp258 in S3 was intolerant to any attempted change. These results imply that S2 and S3 are unlikely to be involved in channel lining, yet, together with S4, may be additional components of the voltage-sensing structure.
Abstract 521: Apolipoprotein M Links High-density Lipoprotein to Myocardial Autophagy (2020)

Background: Apolipoprotein M (APOM) is a lipoprotein that binds sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). APOM/S1P attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing infarct size. We recently published that reduced APOM plasma protein levels are associated with mortality across the spectrum of human heart failure. With the goal of uncovering mechanisms by which APOM impacts heart failure mortality, we modeled doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in hepatocyte specific APOM overexpression (APOM TG ) and littermate controls. Results: Doxorubicin treatment acutely reduces APOM plasma protein levels in control mice. APOM TG mice exhibit ~3-5 fold increased APOM and ~2.5 fold increased S1P. In acute and chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity models, APOM TG mice were protected from mortality and reductions in left-ventricular mass and ejection fraction observed in littermate controls. In murine models of acute leukemia, doxorubicin effectively killed leukemic cells in control and APOM TG mice. In the myocardium, APOM TG mice and controls had similar levels of γ-H2AX foci after doxorubicin treatment, indicating similar levels of DNA damage, and electron microscopy indicated similar mitochondrial morphology. However, APOM TG mice exhibited enhanced autophagic flux, and APOM prevented doxorubicin-induced reductions in autophagic flux observed in littermate control mice (Figure). Mechanistically, treatment of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with S1P mimetics attenuated doxorubicin-induced loss of lysosomal pH, suggesting that APOM may enhance lysosomal function via S1P. In the murine myocardium, doxorubicin reduced the nuclear protein content of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, in control mice but not APOM TG mice. Furthermore, adeno-associated virus mediated knockdown of TFEB completely reversed the beneficial effects of APOM on the myocardium, leading to cardiomyopathy and mortality in APOM TG mice. Conclusions: Our studies identify APOM and S1P as regulators of TFEB in the myocardium, hence providing a mechanistic link between HDL and the autophagy-lysosome pathway in the murine heart. The role of APOM in myocardial autophagy may explain our observed clinical associations between reduced APOM and mortality.
Pain Ratings, Psychological Functioning and Quantitative EEG in a Controlled Study of Chronic Back Pain Patients (2012)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00744575.
Quick X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Studies on the Activation Process of Ni2P Supported on K-USY (2011)

Ni2P/K-USY (K-promoted ultrastable Y-type zeolite) is an efficient catalyst for hydrotreatment of petroleum feedstocks. The structural changes of the passivated catalyst during activation were followed by quick XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure) with online gas analysis. Activation was conducted by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) from ambient temperature to 773 K under a flow of H2. The Ni species was present as Ni(OH)2 in the passivated sample. Two peaks were detected by gas analysis during TPR. The quick XAFS analysis revealed that the first peak at 390 K was due to desorption of water from Ni(OH)2 accompanied by formation of atomically dispersed Ni2+ species. The second peak, observed at 773 K, was due to the regeneration of Ni2P by the simultaneous reductive reaction of the atomically dispersed Ni oxide and the phosphate species, followed by growth of Ni2P nanocrystals. No formation of Ni metallic phase was observed.
The chemistry of 2,1-benzisothiazoles. IX. The reaction of 3-chloro-substituted 2,1-benzisothiazoles with nucleophiles and the preparation of(2,1-Benzisothiazol-3-yl)acetic acid (1975)

3-Chloro-2,1-benzisothiazole (2; R = H, R? = Cl) and 3,5-dichloro-2,1- benzisothiazole (2;R,R? = Cl) react readily with nucleophiles, and yield 3-substituted products. Acid hydrolysis of one such product, ethyl (2,1-benzisothiazol-3-yl)cyanoacetate (2; R = H, R? = CH(CN)CO2Et),affords (2,1-benzisothiazol-3-yl)acetic acid (2; R = H, R? = CH2CO2H), an auxin analogue.
Free Space Optical and RF Communications Testbed for Research and Education in Scalable Networks (2005)

Abstract : We have procured advanced communications and test equipment to further our research on scalable communication networks, hybrid free-space-optical (FSO) RF links and networks, and directional within networks.
Translational impact of NIH-funded nonhuman primate research in transplantation (2019)

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has long supported using nonhuman primate (NHP) models for research on kidney, pancreatic islet, heart, and lung transplantation. The primary purpose of this research has been to develop new treatments for down-modulating or preventing deleterious immune responses after transplantation in human patients. Here, we discuss NIH-funded NHP studies of immune cell depletion, costimulation blockade, regulatory cell therapy, desensitization, and mixed hematopoietic chimerism that either preceded clinical trials or prevented the human application of therapies that were toxic or ineffective.
Disintegration of Waste Activated Sludge by Thermally-Activated Persulfates for Enhanced Dewaterability (2016)

Oxidation by persulfates at elevated temperatures (thermally activated persulfates) disintegrates bacterial cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composing waste-activated sludge (WAS), facilitating the subsequent sludge dewatering. The WAS disintegration process by thermally activated persulfates exhibited different behaviors depending on the types of persulfates employed, that is, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) versus peroxydisulfate (PDS). The decomposition of PMS in WAS proceeded via a two-phase reaction, an instantaneous decomposition by the direct reaction with the WAS components followed by a gradual thermal decay. During the PMS treatment, the WAS filterability (measured by capillary suction time) increased in the initial stage but rapidly stagnated and even decreased as the reaction proceeded. In contrast, the decomposition of PDS exhibited pseudo first-order decay during the entire reaction, resulting in the greater and steadier increase in the WAS filterability compared to the case of PMS. The treatment by PMS produced a high portion of true colloidal solids (<1 μm) and eluted soluble and bound EPS, which is detrimental to the WAS filterability. However, the observations regarding the dissolved organic carbon, ammonium ions, and volatile suspended solids collectively indicated that the treatment by PMS more effectively disintegrated WAS compared to PDS, leading to higher weight (or volume) reduction by postcentrifugation.
Pessimistic Cardinality Estimation (2019)

In this work we introduce a novel approach to the problem of cardinality estimation over multijoin queries. Our approach leveraging randomized hashing and data sketching to tighten these bounds beyond the current state of the art. We demonstrate that the bounds can be injected directly into the cost based query optimizer framework enabling it to avoid expensive physical join plans. We outline our base data structures and methodology, and how these bounds may be introduced to the optimizer's parameterized cost function as a new statistic for physical join plan selection. We demonstrate a complex tradeoff space between the tightness of our bounds and the size and complexity of our data structures. This space is not always monotonic as one might expect. In order combat this non-monotonicity, we introduce a partition budgeting scheme that guarantees monotonic behavior. We evaluate our methods on GooglePlus community graphs~\citegoogleplus, and the Join Order Benchmark (JOB)~\citeLeis:2015:GQO:2850583.2850594. In the presence of foreign key indexes, we demonstrate a $1.7\times$ improvement in aggregate (time summed over all queries in benchmark) physical query plan runtime compared to plans chosen by Postgres using the default cardinality estimation methods. When foreign key indexes are absent, this advantage improves to over $10\times$.
Dynamic programming generation of curves on brain surfaces (1998)

Dynamic programming algorithms are presented for automated generation of length minimizing geodesics and curves of extremal curvature on the neocortex of the macaque and the visible human. Probabilistic models of curve variation are constructed in terms of the variability in speed, curvature, and torsion in the Frenet representation.
Machine-to-machine communications for home energy management system in smart grid (2011)

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications have emerged as a cutting edge technology for next-generation communications, and are undergoing rapid development and inspiring numerous applications. This article presents an investigation of the application of M2M communications in the smart grid. First, an overview of M2M communications is given. The enabling technologies and open research issues of M2M communications are also discussed. Then we address the network design issue of M2M communications for a home energy management system (HEMS) in the smart grid. The network architecture for HEMS to collect status and power consumption demand from home appliances is introduced. Then the optimal HEMS traffic concentration is presented and formulated as the optimal cluster formation. A dynamic programming algorithm is applied to obtain the optimal solution. The numerical results show that the proposed optimal traffic concentration can minimize the cost of HEMS.
Electrical resistivity of dislocations in face-centred cubic metals (1962)

Abstract Measurements of stored energy, electrical resistivity, density and hardness on gold and silver deformed 75% in compression are presented, and compared with previous results for copper. It is shown that the resistivity of a dislocation calculated from the experimental results differs very little in copper, silver and gold, although their stacking-fault energies are now considered to differ widely. This suggests that stacking faults do not make an important contribution to the resistivity of deformed metals.
Tunable and Stable White Light Emission in Bi3+-Alloyed Cs2AgInCl6 Double Perovskite Nanocrystals (2019)

Lead-free double perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) of Cs2AgIn1–xBixCl6 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, and 1) were synthesized with control over the size distribution. Detailed structural studies were carried out on the resulting double perovskite NCs to confirm the alloying and structural modification. Alloying of Bi leads to change in optical properties, such as the band gap, and enhancement in oscillator strength of first excitonic transition and the white light emission (WLE) properties. The band gap of the double perovskite NCs was estimated; a direct band gap transition value of ∼3.46 eV is obtained for pure Cs2AgInCl6 NCs. This value of the band gap has reduced with increase of Bi doping, which also leads a band gap transition from direct to indirect band gap. This system exhibits a sub-band gap emission between ∼570 and 620 nm along with band-edge emission, which is strongly dependent on the alloying concentration. A gamut of emission is observed in the alloyed systems. The Commission International de I’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.36, 0.35) for the 30% Bi-doped sample, with color rendering index values of ∼91, and correlated color temperature of 4443 with Duv of −0.0065 are observed, which are found to be very promising for WLE applications.
Safety of a new extensively hydrolysed formula in children with cow's milk protein allergy: a double blind crossover study (2002)

The new extensively hydrolysed casein-based formula (FAC) can safely be used in children with IgE mediated cow's milk allergy.
A spiral element above a spherically curved AMC ground plane (2017)

A circular HIS with spherical curvature is designed and used as ground plane for spiral antennas. The operational bandwidth, gain pattern and impact of the curvature on the performance of the antenna is studied.
Omega-3-Fettsäuren: entweder regelmässig fettreichen fisch essen oder fischölkapseln schlucken (2009)

Heute ist für die meisten Menschen hierzulande die Zufuhr mit Eicosapentaensäure (EPA) und Docosahexaensäure (DHA) tief. Gute natürliche Quellen sind Mee resfrüchte, vor allem fettreiche Fische. Alternativ kann zum Erlangen eines optimalen Gesundheits zustands und zur Prävention von Krankheiten mit Fisch ölkapseln substituiert werden.
Influence of properties of SAPO's on the one-pot conversion of mono-, di- and poly-saccharides into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (2013)

Synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) from biomass derived mono- and poly-saccharides is gaining importance because of its usefulness in the preparation of important chemicals. In our work, we have synthesized several silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) catalysts, and have shown that in the absence of any other pH modifying reagents, those are active in converting mono- and poly-saccharides into 5-HMF under biphasic reaction condition at 175 °C. Particularly, SAPO-44 catalyst showed the best activity in the conversion of fructose to yield 78% 5-HMF with 88% selectivity. On the contrary, all other catalysts showed lower yields (H-MOR: 63%, SAPO-5: 32%, 2DCT: 60%). Over SAPO-44, good yields for 5-HMF were observed when glucose (67%), maltose (57%), cellobiose (56%) and starch (68%) were used as substrates. Recycle study carried out with SAPO-44 catalyst in the fructose conversion reaction showed marginal decrease in the activity up to 3rd run and then afterwards constant activity was observed up to 5th run (1st: 78%, 2nd: 71%, 3rd: 66%, 4th: 65%, 5th: 65%). Catalyst characterizations revealed that SAPO catalysts have higher hydrophilic nature than H-MOR (Si/Al = 10) and hence it is postulated that this property may help in achieving better results. Further studies on the catalyst characterizations revealed that SAPO-44 undergoes modifications in its structure. However, ICP-OES data suggests that Al and/or P are not leached out in the solution indicating that change in local environment around elements is possible. The influence of acid amount, type of acid site etc. on the catalytic activity is discussed and found out that strong acid sites are required to boost the 5-HMF yields.
Silicon Carbide: a Novel Catalyst Support for Heterogeneous Catalysis (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Graft-versus-Host Disease in a Dog After Reduced-intensity Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation from a DLA-identical Littermate. (2016)

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is an adverse effect following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in humans. Dogs represent a key model organism for the development of treatment protocols for HSCT. However, detailed descriptions of canine GvHD and its treatment are rare. Herein we describe the development of canine GvHD and therapeutic intervention.A female Beagle received an allogeneic HSCT from a dog leukocyte antigen-identical littermate (conditioning with 4.5 Gy total body irradiation; immunosuppression with cyclosporine A).GvHD developed at day +52 and was treated with methylprednisolone, cyclosporine A, antibiotics, antiviral medication and analgesics. The dog initially responded to the treatment but GvHD relapsed twice. Within one week after discontinuation of glucocorticoid, GvHD recurred resulting in inevitable euthanasia of the animal.GvHD represents a life-threatening disease after HSCT in canines. Immediate therapeutic treatment is indicated and even a successful initial treatment response does not necessarily prevent GvHD recurrence.
Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy: a systematic review (2014)

The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.