gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variable-rate coding with feedback for universal communication systems (2005)

Classical coding schemes that rely on joint typicality (such as Slepian-Wolf coding and channel coding) assume known statistics and rely on asymptotically long sequences. However, in practice the statistics are unknown, and the input sequences are of finite length. In this finite regime, we must allow a non-zero probability of codeword error ɛ and also pay a penalty in the rate. The penalty manifests itself as redundancy in source coding and a gap to capacity in channel coding. Our contributions in this paper are two-fold. First, we develop a universal scheme for the specific example of the binary symmetric channel. With n channel uses and a fixed ɛ, the gap to capacity of our scheme is O ( √ n). The prior art for channel coding with known statistics shows that the penalty is Ω ( √ n). Therefore, we infer for communication systems that rely on joint typicality that the penalty needed to accommodate universality is Θ ( √ n). Second, we derive the penalty incurred in variable-rate universal channel coding when we restrict the number of rounds of feedback. Surprisingly, it turns out that using only two or three rounds of feedback provides near-optimal performance for systems of practical interest. This rule of thumb is valuable for practical communication systems. 1
Photorefractive p-i-n diode quantum well spatial light modulators (1995)

We demonstrate the performance of all-semiconductor photorefractive p-i-n diodes operating in the longitudinal quantum-confined Stark geometry. Low-temperature-grown shallow quantum wells provide high-mobility vertical transport, and potential steps incorporated into the semiconductor buffer layers increase the transit time across the buffer and therefore increase the quantum efficiency for trapping of charge before it is swept out to the doped p-type and n-type contacts. The buffer design and the doped contacts both make all-semiconductor photorefractive devices possible, with peak transient output diffraction efficiencies approaching 3%, but without the need for dielectric insulating layers. We also redefine device speed by making a distinction between transient rise times and frequency response, showing that in these p-i-n devices the update rate is an order of magnitude slower than the inverse rise time.
Closed-Loop Nonlinear Modeling of Wideband$SigmaDelta$Fractional-$N$Frequency Synthesizers (2006)

Wideband low-noise <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$SigmaDelta$</tex> fractional- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$N$</tex> synthesizers pose several design challenges due to the nonlinear time-varying nature of synthesizer building blocks such as phase frequency detectors (PFDs), charge pump, and frequency dividers. Loop nonlinearities can increase close-in phase noise and enhance spurious tones due to intermodulation of high-frequency quantization noise and tonal content; therefore, an accurate simulation model is critical for successful implementation of loop parameters and bandwidth widening techniques. In this paper a closed-loop nonlinear simulation model for fractional- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$N$</tex> synthesizers is presented. Inherent nonuniform sampling of the PFD is modeled through an event-driven dual-iteration-based technique. The proposed technique generates a vector of piecewise linear time–voltage pairs, defining the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) control voltage. This method also lends itself to modeling of cyclostationary thermal and flicker noise generated by time-varying charge-pump current pulses. A flexible third-order <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$SigmaDelta$</tex> modulated RF synthesizer core with integrated loop filter and LC-tank VCO is designed and fabricated in 0.13- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$muhbox m$</tex> CMOS process in order to validate the technique experimentally. The proposed modeling technique was able to predict in-band spur power levels with 1.8-dB accuracy, and spur frequency offsets with lower than 400-Hz accuracy with several programmable nonidealities enabled.
Self-regulated learning using multimedia programs in dentistry postgraduate students: A multimethod approach (2009)

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of a multimedia computing program on the production of activities and self-regulated learning processes in 18 students of the Dentistry postdegree (Celaya, Mexico). A multi-method design (quasi-experimental, pretest-post-test and qualitative: Think aloud protocol) was used. Self-regulated activities were identified with the MSLQ questionnaire. Results of the MSLQ pretest/post-test questionnaire didn't show an intervention effect. In contrast, the qualitative methodology allowed the registration of a high frequency of self-regulated dimensions on the metacognitive area, on the making of inferences (cognitive area), and on the planning time and effort (behaviouralarea). Our data revealed the usefulness of a qualitative methodology for the understanding of the complex nature of the self-regulatory processes on learning environments based on computers.
Thick (3D) Sample Imaging Using iDPC-STEM at Atomic Scale (2018)

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Evil lurks in the heart of man: cardiac paraganglioma presenting as recurrent dyspnoea and chronic cough (2011)

A man in his 60s presents with chronic dyspnoea and cough for 3 years. EKG and nuclear stress test were not diagnostic. An echocardiogram revealed moderate pericardial effusion. His symptoms improved with ibuprofen temporarily and a repeat echocardiogram showed resolution of the effusion. However, when his symptoms recurred, re-imaging showed a large intracardiac tumour causing right ventricular outflow obstruction. Subsequent histological examination revealed metastatic paraganglioma. He was found to carry a germline mutation in the SDHB gene which is associated with higher malignant risk. Knowledge of his underlying mutation allowed the patient and his family to receive appropriate gene-specific counselling and surveillance.
Crystal shapes of zinc oxide prepared by the homogeneous precipitation method. (1984)

Effets des conditions de synthese sur la forme des cristaux de ZnO preparees par precipitation homogene
Transformimidoylation of 1-(N-Alkyliminoformyl) Imidazole with Amino Acid (1974)

Abstract In our preceeding paper,1 we described a new synthetic method of reactive 1-(N-alkyliminoformyl)azoles (1) and the transfer of formimidoyl group (transformimidoylation) of 1 with amine, alcohol and the so-called active methylene compounds.
Overview of the TREC-8 Web Track (1999)

The TREC-8 Web Track defined ad hoc retrieval tasks over the 100 gigabyte VLC2 collection (Large Web Task) and a selected 2 gigabyte subset known as WT2g (Small Web Task). Here, the guidelines and resources for both tasks are described and results presented and analysed. Performance on the Small Web was strongly correlated with performance on the regular TREC Ad Hoc task. Little benefit was derived from the use of link-based methods, for standard TREC measures on the WT2g collection. The number of inter-server links within WT2g may have been too small or it may be that link-based methods would have worked better with different types of query and/or with different types of relevance judgment. In fact, a small number of link-based runs proved to be much more effective than their content-only baseline at finding documents which linked to documents judged relevant. A variety of issues were investigated by participants in the Large Web Task. One group investigated the use of PageRank scores and found no benefit on standard TREC measures. Engineering improvements by several groups led to either considerable reduction in query processing time or reduction in the amount of hardware necessary to maintain comparable performance. 1
Reduktive Dehydroxylierung von Allylalkoholen durch IspH‐Protein (2010)

Abstract Die Biosynthese von Naturstoffen ist eine Fundgrube für ungewöhnliche Reaktionsmechanismen. Neue strukturbiologische und mechanistische Untersuchungen machen verständlich, wie Allylalkohole im Rahmen der Terpen‐Biosynthese durch das IspH‐Protein reduktiv dehydroxyliert werden.
Synthesis techniques for CMOS folded source-coupled logic circuits (1992)

The application of series-gated, multiplexer-minimization, and variable-entered mapping methods to the synthesis of fully differential CMOS folded source-coupled logic (FSCL) gates is described. In contrast to conventional static logic, FSCL dissipates DC power. Its total power consumption is competitive at higher speeds where its low digital switching noise is most advantageous. The minimum propagation delay of a simple FSCL gate compares favorably to a conventional gate. Complex functions are generally faster in FSCL since its fully differential topology requires fewer stages of delay. Simulated and measured results are presented for several combinational and sequential FSCL gates in a 2- mu m p-well CMOS process. With V/sub dd/=5 V, a FSCL (static) inverter achieved a minimum propagation delay of 400 ps (350 ps) with a power-delay product of 0.5 pJ (0.3 pJ); a FSCL (static) 1-b full adder achieved a minimum delay of 3.0 ns (12.0 ns) with a power-delay product of 0.3 pJ (11.0 pJ).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transnasal Butorphanol in the Treatment of Acute Migraine (1995)

We studied transnasal butorphanol (Stadol NS·) for pain relief during acute migraine in a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo controlled trial using ambulatory patients at 10 geographically diverse headache centers. Patients were volunteer adults diagnosed with migraine with or without aura by International Headache Society criteria. One hundred fifty‐seven patients completed the study. We treated the pain of one headache in each patient with either transnasal butorphanol (n=107) or transnasal placebo (n=50). Pain relief, pain intensity, nausea, vomiting, and effect on function were measured periodically. Adverse experiences were documented. Global assessments were made at follow‐up. With butorphanol, migraine pain was reduced from moderate, severe, or incapacitating to slight or absent for 35 patients (33%) within 30 minutes, for 50 patients (47%) within 1 hour, and for 76 (71%) within 6 hours, compared to 2 (4%) 8 (16%) and 15 (30%) respectively for placebo. Side effects were prominent, though confounded by the migraine. The most common side effects, compared to placebo, were dizziness (58% vs 4%), nausea and/or vomiting (38% vs 18%), and drowsiness (29% vs 0%). We conclude that transnasal butorphanol is a useful analgesic for the pain of acute migraine. Its prominent side effects and low self reinforcement rate may limit its usefulness in some patients, while increasing its appropriateness for others.
Provable Self-Representation Based Outlier Detection in a Union of Subspaces (2017)

Many computer vision tasks involve processing large amounts of data contaminated by outliers, which need to be detected and rejected. While outlier detection methods based on robust statistics have existed for decades, only recently have methods based on sparse and low-rank representation been developed along with guarantees of correct outlier detection when the inliers lie in one or more low-dimensional subspaces. This paper proposes a new outlier detection method that combines tools from sparse representation with random walks on a graph. By exploiting the property that data points can be expressed as sparse linear combinations of each other, we obtain an asymmetric affinity matrix among data points, which we use to construct a weighted directed graph. By defining a suitable Markov Chain from this graph, we establish a connection between inliers/outliers and essential/inessential states of the Markov chain, which allows us to detect outliers by using random walks. We provide a theoretical analysis that justifies the correctness of our method under geometric and connectivity assumptions. Experimental results on image databases demonstrate its superiority with respect to state-of-the-art sparse and low-rank outlier detection methods.
N-Amidino-3-Amino-6-Chloropyrazinecarboxamide: A New Diuretic Which Antagonizes the Renal Actions of Aldosterone, (1965)

N-amidino-3-amino-6-chloropy-razinecarboxamide (ACP) was found to: 1) antagonize the renal actions of exogenously administered aldosterone, DCA and hydrocortisone in the adrenalectomized rat, 2) reverse the action of endogenously produced aldosterone in the intact rat, and 3) produce a marked natriuresis and anti-kaluresis in the non-DCA treated rat. ACP was found to be 12.5 times as potent as spironolactone.
Simplifying surfaces with color and texture using quadric error metrics (1998)

There are a variety of application areas in which there is a need for simplifying complex polygonal surface models. These models often have material properties such as colors, textures, and surface normals. Our surface simplification algorithm, based on iterative edge contraction and quadric error metrics, can rapidly produce high quality approximations of such models. We present a natural extension of our original error metric that can account for a wide range of vertex attributes.
16S rRNA metagenome clustering and diversity estimation using locality sensitive hashing (2013)

http://www.cs.gmu.edu/~mlbio/LSH-DIV.
A phase II feasibility study of preoperative chemotherapy with bevacizumab for resectable stage II/IIIA non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. (2015)

7552 Background: Bevacizumab (Bev) has been demonstrated to improve response and survival rates in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This phase II trial assessed the feasibility of the addition of Bev to preoperative chemotherapy in resectable non-squamous NSCLC. Methods: Patients with clinical stage II/IIIA non-squamous NSCLC were recruited from 6 institutions. Three cycles of cisplatin (Cis) (75 mg/m2), pemetrexed (Pem) (500 mg/m2), and Bev (15 mg/kg) were administered on day 1 and every 21 days thereafter, followed by surgical resection. The primary endpoint was the complete resection rate (CRR) after completion of 3 cycles of chemotherapy. The sample size was set at 30 patients. The treatment was considered feasible if the CRR was ≥ 80%. Results: Thirty patients were eligible. Grade 3 toxicities included neutropenia (7%), nausea (7%), hypertension (23%), and pulmonary embolism (3%). There were no grade 4 events, and 27 (90%) patients completed 3 cycles with full doses of chemotherapy. Twenty-nine patients (97%) exhibited radiologic tumor reduction. The objective responses to chemotherapy were as follows: complete response, 0%; partial response, 37%; stable disease, 50%; and progressive disease, 10%. Five patients dropped out from the study before surgery due to the patient’s decision in one patient, adverse events in three and disease progression in one. Disease control and surgical eligibility was confirmed in 25 (83%) patients after completion of 3 cycles of induction chemotherapy. These patients underwent surgery, and all achieved complete resection (CRR after completing three cycles of induction chemotherapy, 83%). Neither grade 3/4 morbidity within 28 days after surgery nor treatment-related mortality within 84 days after surgery was observed. Conclusions: Preoperative chemotherapy with combined Cis, Pem, and Bev for clinical stage II/IIIA non-squamous NSCLC is considered feasible. These data provide further evidence that Bev may be used as a promising candidate for future randomized trial arm for patients with locally advanced NSCLC. Clinical trial information: UMIN000004278.
High‐efficiency parallel quasi‐resonant current source inverter featuring SiC metal‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistors for induction heating systems with coupled inductors (2013)

Efficiency and reliability are the two key design parameters when designing induction heating (IH) systems. A parallel quasi‐resonant current source inverter (CSI) is proposed to optimise the converter efficiency and to take advantage of the inherent protection of CSIs. The proposed converter uses a coupled inductor, already present in the system to produce the IH phenomena, in order to reduce the current through the power devices and to ensure zero voltage switching during turn on and turn off transitions. As a consequence, the proposed converter significantly improves the IH system efficiency. An analytical model is proposed to study both operating conditions and efficiency. In addition to this, a 2.2‐kW prototype has been designed and implemented to verify the proposed model and to prove the converter feasibility. To utilise the converter at most, SiC metal‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistors have been used, obtaining up to 98.6% efficiency at resonant conditions.
461 Investigating epigenomic involvement in acquired drug-resistance in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (2021)

<h3>Introduction/Background*</h3> Due to advanced presentation at diagnosis and subsequent development of therapeutic resistance, ovarian cancer (OC) remains the most lethal gynaecological malignancy worldwide. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the predominant OC subtype observed in the clinical setting, and approximately 80% of women eventually develop therapeutic resistance to the standard platinum therapy regimen. The aim of this study is to understand how the epigenomic events unfold during acquired-drug resistance in HGSOC patients. <h3>Methodology</h3> A HGSOC publicly-available dataset was used to explore alterations between primary platinum-sensitive samples (n=32) and recurrent acquired resistant samples (n=28). Results derived from methylation (HM450K array) and gene expression (RNAseq) analysis were further investigated in a paired-sample subset of the cohort (n=12). Validation, using high resolution melting and Sanger sequencing, was carried out using two pairs of matched platinum-sensitive and resistant cell lines (A2780 and UWB1.289), along with samples from pre- and post-platinum treated HGSOC patients (n=3). <h3>Result(s)*</h3> Comparison of methylation and gene expression analysis identified several genes, known to be involved in diverse immune and chemoresistance-related pathways, that significantly differentiated between paired platinum-sensitive and acquired resistant samples: <i>PDCD1</i>, <i>THY1</i>, <i>NKAPL</i>, <i>C1QTNF4</i>, <i>DIO3</i>, <i>EOMES</i>, <i>APOBEC3A</i> and <i>S100A8</i>. A detailed evaluation of the paired cohort suggested that epigenomic alterations in these genes were associated with time to relapse. Further investigation into the methylation status of these markers in paired cell lines and HGSOC patient samples revealed change in methylation dynamics (i.e. increased/decreased methylation) across the majority of markers, in response to treatment with platinum compounds. Of the studied markers, <i>PDCD1</i>, <i>NKAPL</i> and <i>APOBEC3,</i> known to be prognostic markers in OC, displayed the most consistent changes across all samples. Additionally, we observed marked methylation differences between primary and metastatic samples from the same patient, highlighting the heterogeneity of the disease and the potential use of liquid biopsies to explore whole-tumour dynamics. <h3>Conclusion*</h3> Initial investigations have identified a panel of epigenetic alterations potentially involved in HGSOC drug resistance. Dynamic methylation changes and response to platinum treatment will be further evaluated in a longitudinal plasma cell-free DNA cohort of HGSOC patients.
Extracellular Pneumococcal Serine Proteases Affect Nasopharyngeal Colonization (2021)

<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> has evolved versatile strategies to colonize the nasopharynx of humans. Colonization is facilitated by direct interactions with host cell receptors or <i>via</i> binding to components of the extracellular matrix. In addition, pneumococci hijack host-derived extracellular proteases such as the serine protease plasmin(ogen) for ECM and mucus degradation as well as colonization. <i>S. pneumoniae</i> expresses strain-dependent up to four serine proteases. In this study, we assessed the role of secreted or cell-bound serine proteases HtrA, PrtA, SFP, and CbpG, in adherence assays and in a mouse colonization model. We hypothesized that the redundancy of serine proteases compensates for the deficiency of a single enzyme. Therefore, double and triple mutants were generated in serotype 19F strain EF3030 and serotype 4 strain TIGR4. Strain EF3030 produces only three serine proteases and lacks the SFP encoding gene. In adherence studies using Detroit-562 epithelial cells, we demonstrated that both TIGR4Δ<i>cps</i> and 19F mutants without serine proteases or expressing only CbpG, HtrA, or PrtA have a reduced ability to adhere to Detroit-562 cells. Consistent with these results, we show that the mutants of strain 19F, which preferentially colonizes mice, abrogate nasopharyngeal colonization in CD-1 mice after intranasal infection. The bacterial load in the nasopharynx was monitored for 14 days. Importantly, mutants showed significantly lower bacterial numbers in the nasopharynx two days after infection. Similarly, we detected a significantly reduced pneumococcal colonization on days 3, 7, and 14 post-inoculations. To assess the impact of pneumococcal serine proteases on acute infection, we infected mice intranasally with bioluminescent and invasive TIGR4 or isogenic triple mutants expressing only CbpG, HtrA, PrtA, or SFP. We imaged the acute lung infection in real-time and determined the survival of the mice. The TIGR4<i>lux</i> mutant expressing only PrtA showed a significant attenuation and was less virulent in the acute pneumonia model. In conclusion, our results showed that pneumococcal serine proteases contributed significantly to pneumococcal colonization but played only a minor role in pneumonia and invasive diseases. Because colonization is a prerequisite for invasive diseases and transmission, these enzymes could be promising candidates for the development of antimicrobials to reduce pneumococcal transmission.
Supervised Hashing with Deep Neural Networks (2015)

In this paper, we propose training very deep neural networks (DNNs) for supervised learning of hash codes. Existing methods in this context train relatively shallow networks limited by the issues arising in back propagation (\eg vanishing gradients) as well as computational efficiency. We propose a novel and efficient training algorithm inspired by alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) that overcomes some of these limitations. Our method decomposes the training process into independent layer-wise local updates through auxiliary variables. Empirically we observe that our training algorithm always converges and its computational complexity is linearly proportional to the number of edges in the networks. Empirically we manage to train DNNs with 64 hidden layers and 1024 nodes per layer for supervised hashing in about 3 hours using a single GPU. Our proposed very deep supervised hashing (VDSH) method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art on several benchmark datasets.