gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereochemical Outcome of the Reaction of Some α‐Selenoalkyllithiums with 4‐t‐Butyl Cyclohexanone (1985)

Abstract α‐selenoathyllithiums were found to have a high propensity to add to 4‐t‐butyl cyclohexanone in an equatorial mode. Stereochemical assignments are discussed.
Bioremediation of Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Process Wastewater (2016)

This study investigated the use of bioreactors and constructed wetlands to remediate oriented strand board (OSB) process wastewater. The first study evaluated the use of free cell bioreactors to reduce the biological oxygen demand (BOD). Control samples had significantly higher BOD levels than other treatments, and air+bacteria+nutrients treatment achieved significantly lower in BOD than air-only. Toxicity, total phenol, and total organic carbon concentrations decreased in all treatments. The initial constructed wetland was a screening study to determine which plants could acclimate to OSB process water. Plants that survived were placed into a floating constructed wetland (water hyacinth) or an emergent wetland (soft rush and Chinese water chestnut). A significant decrease in BOD occurred between days 15 and 30, with the emergent wetlands dropping by 51.7% and the floating wetlands by 52.7%. Toxicity, total phenol, and total organic carbon concentrations decreased in all treatments. This research suggests that an OSB facility may want to have an aerated pond that then feeds a constructed wetland. This could not only provide a means to treat and dispose of the wastewater in an environmentally favorable manner, but also provides the secondary benefits of a wetland and its associated land enrichment.
Light and electron microscopic studies of phrenic nerves after long-term electrical stimulation (1983)

Light and electron microscopic evaluation were carried out on canine phrenic nerves subjected to long-term electrical stimulation. A total of 34 stimulated and 19 control nerves were studied by light microscopy, and 10 stimulated and five control nerves were evaluated by electron microscopy. Except in a few cases in which a higher current was used, the current used for stimulation was between 1 and 2 mA. The pulse width was 150 microseconds. The typical charge per pulse was 0.22 microC and charge density per pulse 1.125 microC/sq cm of real area. The total number of days of electrical stimulation in individual phrenic nerves ranged from 4 to 374. No morphological changes in the phrenic nerve that could be attributed to the electrical stimulation were observed by light or electron microscopic study. There were, however, two phrenic nerves cuffed with bipolar electrodes which showed focal demyelination at the electrode level, but these changes were caused by factors other than the electrical stimulation. The results of the studies have direct clinical implications to long-term stimulation of phrenic nerves.
Corona mortis: An anatomical study with clinical implications in approaches to the pelvis and acetabulum (2006)

The "corona mortis" is an anatomical variant, an anastomosis between the obturator and the external iliac or inferior epigastric arteries or veins. It is located behind the superior pubic ramus at a variable distance from the symphysis pubis (range 40-96 mm). The name "corona mortis" or crown of death testifies to the importance of this feature, as significant hemorrhage may occur if accidentally cut and it is difficult to achieve subsequent hemostasis. It constitutes a hazard for orthopedic surgeons especially in the anterior approach to the acetabulum. We carried out forty cadaver dissections (80 hemi-pelvises) through the ilioinguinal approach. A vascular anastomosis was found in 83% of specimens. Of these, 60% had a large diameter (>3 mm) channel along the posterior aspect of the superior pubic ramus. In clinical practice, however, 492 anterior approaches (to the best of our knowledge the largest series described) have been carried out over the last 15 years by the senior author (MB) and only five of these problematic vessels were discovered, and in only two cases was there troublesome bleeding. This study confirms a paradox: in anatomical dissections a large vessel was identified behind the superior pubic ramus, whereas in clinical practice this vessel does not seem to be as great a threat as initially perceived. Orthopedic surgeons planning an anterior approach to the acetabulum, such as the ilioinguinal or the intrapelvic approach (modified Stoppa), have to be cautious when dissecting near the superior pubic ramus. Despite the high prevalence of these large retropubic vessels in the dissecting room, surgeons should exercise caution but not alter their surgical approach for fear of excessive hemorrhage.
Contributing Factors to Operating Room Delays Identified from an Electronic Health Record: A Retrospective Study (2022)

The operating room (OR) is considered a major cost center and revenue generator for hospitals. Multiple factors contribute to OR delays and impact patient safety, patient satisfaction scores, and hospital financial performance. Reducing OR delays allows better utilization of OR resources and staffing and improves patient satisfaction while decreasing operating costs. Accurate scheduling can be the basis to achieve these goals. The objective of this initial study was to identify factors not normally documented in the electronic health record (EHR) that may contribute to or be indicators of OR delays. <i>Materials and Methods</i>. A retrospective data analysis was performed analyzing 67,812 OR cases from 12 surgical specialties at a small university medical center from 2010 through the first quarter of 2017. Data from the hospital's EHR were exported and subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). <i>Results</i>. Statistical analysis of the extracted EHR data revealed factors that were associated with OR delays including, surgical specialty, preoperative assessment testing, patient body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, daily procedure count, and calendar year. <i>Conclusions</i>. Delays hurt OR efficiency on many levels. Identifying those factors may reduce delays and better accommodate the needs of surgeons, staff, and patients thereby leading to improved patient's outcomes and patient satisfaction. Reducing delays can decrease operating costs and improve the financial position of the operating theater as well as that of the hospital. Anesthesiology teams can play a key role in identifying factors that cause delays and implementing mitigating efficiencies.
Contribution of myocardium overlying the anterolateral papillary muscle to left ventricular deformation (2011)

Previous studies of transmural left ventricular (LV) strains suggested that the myocardium overlying the papillary muscle displays decreased deformation relative to the anterior LV free wall or significant regional heterogeneity. These comparisons, however, were made using different hearts. We sought to extend these studies by examining three equatorial LV regions in the same heart during the same heartbeat. Therefore, deformation was analyzed from transmural beadsets placed in the equatorial LV myocardium overlying the anterolateral papillary muscle (PAP), as well as adjacent equatorial LV regions located more anteriorly (ANT) and laterally (LAT). We found that the magnitudes of LAT normal longitudinal and radial strains, as well as major principal strains, were less than ANT, while those of PAP were intermediate. Subepicardial and midwall myofiber angles of LAT, PAP, and ANT were not significantly different, but PAP subendocardial myofiber angles were significantly higher (more longitudinal as opposed to circumferential orientation). Subepicardial and midwall myofiber strains of ANT, PAP, and LAT were not significantly different, but PAP subendocardial myofiber strains were less. Transmural gradients in circumferential and radial normal strains, and major principal strains, were observed in each region. The two main findings of this study were as follows: 1) PAP strains are largely consistent with adjacent LV equatorial free wall regions, and 2) there is a gradient of strains across the anterolateral equatorial left ventricle despite similarities in myofiber angles and strains. These findings point to graduated equatorial LV heterogeneity and suggest that regional differences in myofiber coupling may constitute the basis for such heterogeneity.
Stem Cells from Healthy and Tendinopathic Human Tendons: Morphology, Collagen and Cytokines Expression and Their Response to T3 Thyroid Hormone (2022)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on tendon specific markers and cytokines expression of stem cells extracted from human tendons. Indeed, thyroid hormones have been reported to be protective factors, maintaining tendons' homeostasis, whereas tendinopathy is believed to be related to a failed healing response. Healthy and tendinopathic human tendons were harvested to isolate tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). TSPCs obtained from pathological samples showed gene expression and morphological modifications at baseline in comparison with cells harvested from healthy tissues. When cells were maintained in a medium supplemented with T3 (10<sup>-6</sup> M), only pathological populations showed a significant upregulation of tenogenic markers (<i>DCN</i>, <i>TNC</i>, <i>COL1A1</i>, <i>COL3A1</i>). Immunostaining revealed that healthy cells constantly released type I collagen, typical of tendon matrix, whereas pathological ones overexpressed and secreted type III collagen, typical of scarred and impaired tissue. Pathological cells also overexpressed pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting an impaired balance in the presence of T3, without STAT3 activation. Moreover, DKK-1 was significantly high in the culture medium of pathological cell cultures and was reversed by T3. This study opens perspectives on the complex biochemical alteration of cells from pathological tendons, which may lead to the chronic disease context with an impaired extracellular matrix.
Abstract 18584: Alpha-2 Agonist Attenuates Ischemic Injury in Isolated Spinal Cord Neurons (2013)

Background: Paraplegia secondary to spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury remains a devastating complication of thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. The complex interactions between the injured neurons and activated leukocytes have made investigation of neuron specific injury elusive. We hypothesize that isolated spinal motor neuron cell cultures subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) would simulate ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury seen in aortic surgery, which could be attenuated by specific alpha-2a agonism, using dexmedetomidine, in an Akt dependent fashion. Methods and Results: Spinal cords from perinatal mice were harvested and neurons cultured in vitro for 7-10 days. Cells were pretreated with 1μM dexmedetomidine (Dex) and subjected to OGD in a humidified hypoxic chamber. Indexed to non-ischemic controls, pretreatment with Dex significantly preserves neuronal viability after one hour of OGD with 88% viability compared to untreated OGD with 59% viability (p&lt;0.05) . TUNEL staining demonstrated pretreatment with Dex significantly decreased the apoptotic cells compared to untreated OGD cells by over 50% (p&lt;0.05). OGD increased IL-6 production nearly three-fold compared to non-ischemic control (p&lt;0.05) with Dex reducing this production by half (p&lt;0.05). Mechanistically, Dex treatment significantly increased phosphorylated Akt (p&lt;0.05), but the protective effects of Dex seen by MTT assay were eliminated using an alpha-2a antagonist or an Akt inhibitor (p&lt;0.05), with viability nearly half of non-ischemic control. Conclusion: Using a novel spinal cord neuron cell culture, oxygen-glucose deprivation mimics neuronal metabolic derangement responsible for paraplegia following aortic surgery. Dexmedetomidine preserves neuronal viability and decreases apoptosis in an Akt dependent fashion. Dexmedetomidine demonstrates clinical promise for reducing the risk of paraplegia following high risk aortic surgery.
Noninvasive Imaging and Monitoring of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Patterns Using Fundus Autofluorescence - Review (2005)

Non-invasive imaging of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) using autofluorescence became recently available with the introduction of confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscopes. Fundus autofluorescence is usually excited at a wavelength of 488nm and the emitted light is detected above 500nm. This intrinsic autofluorescence was shown to derive from the lipofuscin accumulating within the RPE either with age or also due to different hereditary or degenerative diseases of the macula as e.g. age-related macular degeneration. Since a variety of macular diseases correlate with distinct RPE changes, specific patterns of autofluorescence could be evaluated within the recent years for diagnostic and prognostic reasons in those RPE-related diseases. Moreover autofluorescence can also be regarded as a monitoring tool after therapeutic applications as macular surgery or laser treatment. Other new applications try to determine macular pigment density using autofluorescence or use it to evaluate oxygen-dependent cell metabolism. This review summarizes the recent findings of autofluorescent patterns in specific diseases and therapeutic approaches and emphasizes on the tremendous potential of this novel imaging method. Keywords: fundus autofluorescence, retinal pigment epithelium, rpe, lipofuscin, age-related macular degeneration, macular holes, laser photocoagulation, selective rpe laser treatment
The transcription factor Elk-1 is a marker of pathological states (2012)

Elk-1 (E-26 like protein 1) is a transcription factor of the ternary complex family of transcription factors that mediates transcriptional regulation of diverse physiological processes, from cell proliferation to apoptosis, following phosphorylation at S383 within its activation domain by various classes of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases of the MEK/ERK, JNK/SAPK, or p38 MAPK pathways, which themselves are activated by an array of external stimuli, including stress, cytokines, and growth factors. Elk-1 is unique in that, despite its primary classification as a transcription factor whose site of action is within the cell nucleus, both mRNA encoding Elk-1 and the Elk-1 protein itself are located in neuronal dendrites. Local translation of Elk-1 mRNA within neuronal dendrites, but not the cell soma, initiates apoptosis in a transcription- and mitochondria-dependent manner. The process of transcriptional activation of Elk-1 through phosphorylation at S383 has largely been characterized, however, Elk-1 contains many other phosphorylation sites that may be important in dendritic physiological processes and explain its peculiar subcellular localization. The following experiments aimed at reconciling the role of Elk-1 in the seemingly opposing processes of proliferation and apoptosis through immunohistochemical investigation of samples enriched in these physiological states and through its role in dendritic mitochondrial signaling, in the context of a novel phosphorylation site: T417. Elk-1 phosphorylated at T417 was found to be present in diverse normal and cancer tissues and was shown to correlate with the differentiation grade of colonic adenocarcinoma. In addition, it was shown to label a treatment-sensitive cell population in a mouse model of medulloblastoma. In fixed neuronal dendrites, immunofluorescence detection of Elk-1 pT417 revealed that this phosphoform marked areas of recent alterations in calcium homeostasis induced in live hippocampal neurons by optical stimulation of a single mitochondrion. All of these studies point to an important role of this phosphoform in non-homeostatic states, from specific stages of carcinogenesis to altered calcium signaling in neuronal dendrites. These results suggest an intriguing role for this transcription factor outside of the traditional context of S383-regulated transcription and within the framework of physiological transition states.
All-atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Projection Domain of the Intrinsically Disordered htau40 Protein (2016)

We have performed all atom molecular dynamics simulations on the projection domain of the intrinsically disordered htau40 protein. After generating a suitable ensemble of starting conformations at high temperatures, at room temperature in an adaptive box algorithm we have generated histograms for the radius of gyration, secondary structure time series, generated model small angle x-ray scattering intensities, and model chemical shift plots for comparison to nuclear magnetic resonance data for solvated and filamentous tau. Significantly, we find that the chemical shift spectrum is more consistent with filamentous tau than full length solution based tau. We have also carried out principle component analysis and find three basics groups: compact globules, tadpoles, and extended hinging structures. To validate the adaptive box and our force field choice, we have run limited simulations in a large conventional box with varying force fields and find that our essential results are unchanged. We also performed two simulations with the TIP4P-D water model, the effects of which depended on whether the initial configuration was compact or extended.
Estimating and validating the interbeat intervals of the heart using near-infrared spectroscopy on the human forehead (2011)

In studies with near-infrared spectroscopy, the recorded signals contain information on the temporal interbeat intervals of the heart. If this cardiac information is needed exclusively and could directly be extracted, an additional electrocardiography device would be unnecessary. The aim was to estimate these intervals from signals measured with near-infrared spectroscopy with two novel approaches. In one approach, we model the heartbeat oscillations in these signals with a Fourier series where the coefficients and the fundamental frequency can continuously change over time. The time-dependent model parameters are estimated and used to calculate the interbeat intervals. The second approach uses empirical mode decomposition. The signal measured with near-infrared spectroscopy is empirically decomposed into a set of oscillatory components. The sum of a specific subset of them is an estimate of the pure heartbeat signal in which the diastolic peaks and consequential interbeat intervals are detected. We show in simultaneous electrocardiography and near-infrared spectroscopy measurements on 11 subjects (8 men and 3 woman with mean age 32.8 ± 8.1 yr), that the interbeat intervals (and the consequential pulse rate variability measures), estimated using the proposed approaches, are in high agreement with their correspondents from electrocardiography.
Extension of the Receptance Technique to Accommodate Distributed Connections (1996)

The receptance techniques has been used most frequently to analyze the vibrational response of structures that may be idealized as a set of substructures connected at one or more discrete points. However, the receptance technique can also be used to analyze the response of structures connected along particular types of line junctions. In this paper, an extension of the the receptance technique is presented that makes use of a generalized Fourier series approach to allow the evaluation of both the free and forced response of systems comprising components connected through spatially distributed junctions. The present extension is shown to reduce to the previous line receptance definition in the appropriate limit. The general distributed receptance formulation is demonstrated here through application to two problems involving coupled rods. The results obtained using the distributed receptance technique were found to compare well with the matching analytical solutions.
Optimal Codes for GNSS-like Signals for Indoor Positioning (2011)

International audience
Supplementary Data combined from MERTK Promotes Resistance to Irreversible EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non–small Cell Lung Cancers Expressing Wild-type <i>EGFR</i> Family Members (2023)

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Colonic Motility in the Pathogenesis of Diverticular Disease (2011)

On completion of this educational activity, the learners should be better able to: (1) Assess the colonic motor changes that occur in subjects with diverticular disease (2) Evaluate the neurochemical and neuromuscular pathological changes associated with altered colonic motility in patients with diverticular disease. Diverticular disease is the fifth most common gastrointestinal disease, which poses a significant economic burden, especially on the aging western population. The pathogenesis of diverticular disease is multifactorial. It results from complex interactions between various dietary, anatomic, neurochemical, and neuromuscular factors that affect the colon. There is consistent evidence that diverticular disease is associated with high intraluminal pressures, stronger segmental and propagated contractions, and increased colonic motor activity both at rest and after provocations such as a meal, especially in the colonic segments that are affected by diverticulosis. These changes are likely to be mediated by structural and neurochemical alterations of the enteric nervous system. Whether disturbed colonic motility is the cause or the effect of a process that culminates in diverticular disease remains to be fully understood.
Novel silicon-micromachined gyroscope with high Q at atmosphere (2001)

In this paper, the design, fabrication and test of a novel silicon micromachined gyroscope were presented. The device structure which we called fence gyro consists of a proof mass with bars linked up to substrate by suspend springs and is fabricated by silicon-glass bonding and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). The proof mass is used as both the movable- driving electrodes and movable-sensing electrodes. The fixed cross-driving electrodes and cross-sensing electrodes under the proof mass are located on the glass substrate. Both the driving and sensing direction are parallel to the substrate. As the proof mass used as the movable electrodes is parallel to the plane of fixed driving and sensing electrodes, there is only slide film damping in the driving and sensing mode. The experiment results shows that the drive and sense mode resonant frequencies are 460.4Hz and 549.6Hz respectively, and the Q factor of the drive and sense are 102.5 and 106.5 respectively at atmospheric pressure. The sensitivity and non-linearity of the micromachined gyroscope are 20mV/$DRG/s and 0.56% respectively at atmospheric pressure.