gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local and Distant responses to single pulse electrical stimulation reflect different forms of connectivity (2020)

Abstract Background Measuring connectivity in the human brain can involve innumerable approaches using both noninvasive (fMRI, EEG) and invasive (intracranial EEG or iEEG) recording modalities, including the use of external probing stimuli, such as direct electrical stimulation. Objective/Hypothesis To examine how different measures of connectivity correlate with one another, we compared ‘passive’ measures of connectivity during resting state conditions map to the more ‘active’ probing measures of connectivity with single pulse electrical stimulation (SPES). Methods We measured the network engagement and spread of the cortico-cortico evoked potential (CCEP) induced by SPES at 53 total sites across the brain, including cortical and subcortical regions, in patients with intractable epilepsy (N=11) who were undergoing intracranial recordings as a part of their clinical care for identifying seizure onset zones. We compared the CCEP network to functional, effective, and structural measures of connectivity during a resting state in each patient. Functional and effective connectivity measures included correlation or Granger causality measures applied to stereoEEG (sEEGs) recordings. Structural connectivity was derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) acquired before intracranial electrode implant and monitoring (N=8). Results The CCEP network was most similar to the resting state voltage correlation network in channels near to the stimulation location. In contrast, the distant CCEP network was most similar to the DTI network. Other connectivity measures were not as similar to the CCEP network. Conclusions These results demonstrate that different connectivity measures, including those derived from active stimulation-based probing, measure different, complementary aspects of regional interrelationships in the brain.
Parameter Extraction of Wide Band SOA Targeting Rapidly Swept Source Sensing Applications (2016)

In this paper we investigate a practical technique for estimating the material gain and single pass gain spectrum of wide band Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) in swept source sensing applications. The relation between the SOA Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) and single pass gain spectrum is practically explored and elaborated for this purpose. More than 200 nm gain spectrum is estimated and used to feed the design process of a recently developed MEMS based swept laser.
Nuclear RNA at the early stage of liver regeneration (1987)

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Experimental Investigation on Spatial Development of Streamwise Vortices in a Turbine Inlet Guide Vane Cascade (1985)

In order to obtain a better understanding of secondary flow in a turbine cascade, spatial development of a leading-edge horseshoe vortex has been investigated experimentally in a large-scale, low-speed, high-accelerated, plane turbine inlet guide vane cascade. Flow has been visualized by issuing kerosene vapor into the inlet boundary layer and the vane suction surface boundary layer, respectively. Based on many cross-sectional photographs normal to the flow and supplemental measurements of the wall static pressure on the vane and the endwall, the evolution of a leading-edge horseshoe vortex into streamwise vortices and the generation of a new type streamwise vortex pair on the suction surface near the endwall are discussed.
Shared Neural Item Representations for Completely Cold Start Problem (2021)

Neural networks have become popular recently in recommendation systems to extract user and item representations. Most previous works follow a two-branch setting, where user and item networks learn user and item representations in the first and second branches, respectively. In the item cold-start problem, where the usage patterns of the items do not exist, the user network uses ID/interaction vector as the input and the item network uses the item side information (content) as the input. In this paper, we will show that by using this structure, two representations are learned for each item in the training set; one is the output of the item network and the other one is hidden inside the user network and is used for learning user representations. Learning two representations makes training slower and optimization more difficult. We propose to unify the two representations and only use the one generated by the item network. Also, we will show how attention mechanisms fit in our setting and how they can improve the quality of the representations. Our results on public and real-world datasets show that our approach converges faster, achieves higher recall in fewer iterations, and is more robust to the changes in the number of training samples compared to the previous works.
Diet and cimetidine induce comparable changes in theophylline metabolism in normal subjects (1991)

This study compared the effects of diet and cimetidine on theophylline metabolism and examined interactions between these effects. Twelve men received a high-protein diet for 15 days and at another time a high-carbohydrate diet also for 15 days. Cimetidine, 800 mg daily at bedtime, was administered on days 10 through 15 of each dietary period. Theophylline metabolism was studied after the administration of a single intravenous 3 mg/kg dose on days 8 and 15 of each dietary period. Changing from a high-protein to a high-carbohydrate diet decreased theophylline clearance by about the same extent (30% +/- 10%) as treatment with cimetidine (37% +/- 5% during a high-protein diet and 30% +/- 5% during a high-carbohydrate diet). Cimetidine did not significantly influence the effects of diet on theophylline clearance. Conversely, dietary composition did not influence the degree of inhibition of theophylline metabolism induced by cimetidine. Depending on the direction of the change in protein/carbohydrate ratio, the effects of diet and cimetidine treatment were either additive (theophylline clearance was most prolonged during the high-carbohydrate regimen with concurrent cimetidine administration) or counteractive (increasing the dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio at least partially counteracted the inhibitory effect of cimetidine). In individual subjects, effects of cimetidine on theophylline metabolism were somewhat more consistent than diet-induced changes. The results are further evidence that diet and drugs can have similar effects on hepatic drug metabolism rates in humans. Variations in diet over time and individual differences in responses to diet may provide the potential for considerable instability of drug metabolism rates in free-living subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A 23-to-29GHz Differentially Tuned Varactorless VCO in 0.13&#x003BC;m CMOS (2007)

A differentially tuned varactorless VCO is implemented in a 0.13μm CMOS process. The frequency is continuously tunable from 23.2 to 29.4GHz (23.6% range differential and 3.3% range for common-mode tuning) using a single-ended (1.5V max) tuning voltage. Measured phase noise at 26.6GHz is -96.2dBc/Hz (3MHz offset) and the open-drain output buffer delivers -11dBm (single-ended) to a 50Ω load. The 0.3 × 0.4mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> core consumes 43mW (6.5mW in the output buffer) from a 1.2V supply.
Automatic parallelization of compiled event driven VHDL simulation (2002)

In this paper, we present approaches and algorithms for parallelization of compiled event driven VHDL simulations on shared-memory multiprocessors (SMP). An efficient single-threaded algorithm for simulation of VHDL descriptions is first presented. This algorithm is shown to be competitive with a commercial VHDL simulator. Schemes for multithreaded execution of this algorithm are then described. These have been implemented on top of the POSIX pthreads library and experimental results have been shown on a Sun SparcServer 1000E. Speedups of up to four on eight processors have been achieved for some benchmarks.
Hexosamine Template. A Platform for Modulating Gene Expression and for Sugar-Based Drug Discovery (2009)

This study investigates the breadth of cellular responses engendered by short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-hexosamine hybrid molecules, a class of compounds long used in "metabolic glycoengineering" that are now emerging as drug candidates. First, a "mix and match" strategy showed that different SCFA (n-butyrate and acetate) appended to the same core sugar altered biological activity, complementing previous results [Campbell et al. J. Med. Chem. 2008, 51, 8135-8147] where a single type of SCFA elicited distinct responses. Microarray profiling then compared transcriptional responses engendered by regioisomerically modified ManNAc, GlcNAc, and GalNAc analogues in MDA-MB-231 cells. These data, which were validated by qRT-PCR or Western analysis for ID1, TP53, HPSE, NQO1, EGR1, and VEGFA, showed a two-pronged response where a core set of genes was coordinately regulated by all analogues while each analogue simultaneously uniquely regulated a larger number of genes. Finally, AutoDock modeling supported a mechanism where the analogues directly interact with elements of the NF-kappaB pathway. Together, these results establish the SCFA-hexosamine template as a versatile platform for modulating biological activity and developing new therapeutics.
Identification of 17-methyl-18-norandrosta-5,13(17-dien-3beta-ol, the C19 fragment formed by adrenal side chain cleavage of a 20-aryl analog of (20S)-20-hydroxycholesterol. (1976)

Incubation of (20R)-20-phenyl-5-pregnene-3beta,20-diol, an aromatic analog of (23S)-20-hydroxycholesterol, with an adrenal mitochondrial preparation leads to the formation of four compounds: pregnenolone, phenol, a C8 ketone, acetophenone, and a nonpolar C19 compound. This latter compound has now been identified by reverse isotope dilution analysis and by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as 17-methyl-18-norandrosta-5,13(17)-dien-3beta-ol. From these results it is evident that enzymatic fission of the C-17,20 bond of this synthetic derivative occurs. On the other hand, when (20S)-20-hydroxy[21-14C]cholesterol was used as substrate, the analogous cleavage did not take place. Thus, substitution of an aromatic group on C-20 facilitates side chain cleavage between that carbon atom and the nucleus whereas neither of the naturally occuring precursors, cholesterol or its 20-hydroxylated counterpart, are metabolized to a C8 fragment.
Study of FA12 peptide-modified PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) as an effective ligand to target Muc1 in mice bearing C26 colon carcinoma: in silico, in vitro, and in vivo study (2022)

FA12 peptide is a promising targeting ligand for PLD to treat cancers with a high level of Muc1 expression and merits further investigations.
Atlas de Géographie physique, politique et historique, à l’usage des classes, par Niox et Darsy ; librairie Delagrave (1891)

Morel Charles. Atlas de Géographie physique, politique et historique, à l’usage des classes, par Niox et Darsy ; librairie Delagrave. In: La revue pédagogique, tome 18, Janvier-Juin 1891. pp. 262-265.
In Vitro Susceptibility of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 through 6 Clinical Isolates to the Pangenotypic NS3/4A Inhibitor Voxilaprevir (2019)

Voxilaprevir is a direct-acting antiviral agent (DAA) that targets the NS3/4A protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV). High sequence diversity of HCV and inadequate drug exposure during unsuccessful treatment may lead to the accumulation of variants with reduced susceptibility to DAAs, including NS3/4A protease inhibitors such as voxilaprevir. The voxilaprevir susceptibility of clinical and laboratory strains of HCV was assessed. The NS3 protease regions of viruses belonging to 6 genotypes and 29 subtypes from 345 DAA-naive or -experienced (including protease inhibitor) patients and 344 genotype 1 to 6 replicons bearing engineered NS3 resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) were tested in transient-transfection assays. The median voxilaprevir 50% effective concentration against NS3 from protease inhibitor-naive patient samples ranged from 0.38 nM for genotype 1 to 5.8 nM for genotype 3. Voxilaprevir susceptibilities of HCV replicons with NS3 RASs were dependent on subtype background and the type and number of substitutions introduced. The majority of RASs known to confer resistance to other protease inhibitors had little to no impact on voxilaprevir susceptibility, except A156L, T, or V in genotype 1 to 4 which conferred >100-fold reductions but exhibited low replication capacity in most genotypes. These data support the use of voxilaprevir in combination with other DAAs in DAA-naive and DAA-experienced patients infected with any subtype of HCV.
Occurrence probability of lightning failure rates at substations in consideration of lightning stroke current waveforms (2011)

To estimate lightning stroke overvoltages exactly, the occurrence probability of lightning stroke current waveforms must be accurately evaluated. This paper firstly formulated the occurrence probability distribution of lightning stroke current waveforms, taking into account the correlation between the current amplitude and the front duration. Next, lightning overvoltages were calculated, with the current amplitude and the front duration of lightning current as statistical parameters for Gas Insulated Switchgears (GIS's) and transformers in UHV substations. While overvoltages caused by back-flashovers at GIS's are affected by the front duration of lightning current, overvoltages at transformers are relatively less dependent on the front duration. Finally the failure rate was evaluated by considering not only the current amplitude but also the front duration. These values were smaller than those evaluated from the frequency of occurrence of current amplitude alone. Further, the proposed front duration of 1.7 μs was examined.
“A transient heritable memory regulates HIV reactivation from latency” (2020)

Abstract Reactivation of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) from latently infected T cells is a critical barrier to successfully eradicate HIV-1 from patients. Latency models in Jurkat T-cells reveal that individual cells reactivate in an all-or-none fashion when exposed to latency reversal agents (LRAs). Remarkably, this heterogeneity arises within a clonal cell population of genetically identical cells containing a single copy of the provirus integrated at the same genomic site. To characterize these single-cell responses, we leverage the classical Luria-Delbrück fluctuation test where single cells are isolated from a clonal population, and exposed to LRAs after a period of colony expansion. If cellular responses are purely random, then the fraction of reactivating cells should have minimal colony-to-colony fluctuations given the large number of cells present after weeks of colony growth. In contrast, data shows considerable colony-to-colony fluctuations with the fraction of reactivating cells following a skewed distribution. Systematic measurements of fluctuations over time in combination with mathematical modeling uncovers the existence of a heritable memory that regulates HIV-1 reactivation, where single cells are in a LRA-responsive state for a few weeks before switching back to an irresponsive state. These results have enormous implications for designing therapies to purge the latent reservoir and illustrate the utility of fluctuation-based assays to uncover hidden transient cellular states underlying phenotypic heterogeneity.
δ-Deuterium Isotope Effects as Probes for Transition-State Structures of Isoprenoid Substrates (2014)

The biosynthetic pathways to isoprenoid compounds involve transfer of the prenyl moiety in allylic diphosphates to electron-rich (nucleophilic) acceptors. The acceptors can be many types of nucleophiles, while the allylic diphosphates only differ in the number of isoprene units and stereochemistry of the double bonds in the hydrocarbon moieties. Because of the wide range of nucleophilicities of naturally occurring acceptors, the mechanism for prenyltransfer reactions may be dissociative or associative with early to late transition states. We have measured δ-secondary kinetic isotope effects operating through four bonds for substitution reactions with dimethylallyl derivatives bearing deuterated methyl groups at the distal (C3) carbon atom in the double bond under dissociative and associative conditions. Computational studies with density functional theory indicate that the magnitudes of the isotope effects correlate with the extent of bond formation between the allylic moiety and the electron-rich acceptor in the transition state for alkylation and provide insights into the structures of the transition states for associative and dissociative alkylation reactions.
T2 Relaxographic Mapping using 8-echo CPMG MRI Pulse Sequence (1997)

The mapping of the spin-spin relaxation time T2 in pixed-by-pixel was suggested as a quantitative diagnostic tool in medicine. Although the CPMG pulse sequence has been known to be the best pulse sequence for T2 measurement in physics NMR, the supplied pulse sequence by the manufacture of MRI system was able to obtain the maximum of 4 CPMG images. Eight or more images with different echo time TEs are required to construct a reliable T2 map, so that two or more acquisitions were required, which easily took more than 10 minutes. 4-echo CPMG imaging pulse sequence was modified to generate the maximum of 8 MR images with evenly spaced echo time TEs. In human MR imaging, since patients tend to move at least several pixels between the different acquisitions, 8-echo CPMG imaging sequence reduces the acquisition time and may remove any misregistration of each pixel's signal for the fitting T2. The resultant T2 maps using the theoretically simulated images and using the MR images of the human brain suggested that 8 echo CPMG sequence with short echo spacing such as 17∼20 msec can give the reliable T2 map.
Direct trajectory optimization by a Chebyshev pseudospectral method (2000)

A Chebyshev pseudospectral method is presented in this paper for directly solving a generic optimal control problem with state and control constraints. This method employs Nth degree Lagrange polynomial approximations for the state and control variables with the values of these variables at the Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto (CGL) points as the expansion coefficients. This process yields a nonlinear programming problem (NLP) with the state and control values at the CGL points as unknown NLP parameters. Numerical examples demonstrate this method yields more accurate results than those obtained from the traditional collocation methods.
Receptor-mediated activation of a plant Ca 2+ -permeable ion channel involved in pathogen defense (1997)

Pathogen recognition at the plant cell surface typically results in the initiation of a multicomponent defense response. Transient influx of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane is postulated to be part of the signaling chain leading to pathogen resistance. Patch-clamp analysis of parsley protoplasts revealed a novel Ca2+-permeable, La3+-sensitive plasma membrane ion channel of large conductance (309 pS in 240 mM CaCl2). At an extracellular Ca2+ concentration of 1 mM, which is representative of the plant cell apoplast, unitary channel conductance was determined to be 80 pS. This ion channel (LEAC, for large conductance elicitor-activated ion channel) is reversibly activated upon treatment of parsley protoplasts with an oligopeptide elicitor derived from a cell wall protein of Phytophthora sojae. Structural features of the elicitor found previously to be essential for receptor binding, induction of defense-related gene expression, and phytoalexin formation are identical to those required for activation of LEAC. Thus, receptor-mediated stimulation of this channel appears to be causally involved in the signaling cascade triggering pathogen defense in parsley.
Enhanced Dark CO2 Fixation by Preilluminated Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Anacystis nidulans (1967)

The products of short time photosynthesis and of enhanced dark (14)CO(2) fixation (illumination in helium prior to addition of (14)CO(2) in dark) by Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Anacystis nidulans were compared. Glycerate 3-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, alanine, and aspartate accounted for the bulk of the (14)C assimilated during enhanced dark fixation while hexose and pentose phosphates accounted for the largest fraction of isotope assimilated during photosynthesis. During the enhanced dark fixation period, glycerate 3-phosphate is carboxyl labeled and glucose 6-phosphate is predominantly labeled in carbon atom 4 with lesser amounts in the upper half of the C(6) chain and traces in carbon atoms 5 and 6. Tracer spread throughout all the carbon atoms of photosynthetically synthesized glycerate 3-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. During the enhanced dark fixation period, there was a slow formation of sugar phosphates which subsequently continued at 5 times the initial rate long after the cessation of (14)CO(2) uptake. To explain the kinetics of changes in the labelling patterns and in the limited formation of the sugar phosphates during enhanced dark CO(2) fixation, the suggestion is made that most of the reductant mediating these effects did not have its origin in the preillumination phase.It is concluded that a complete photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle operates to a limited extent, if at all, in the dark period subsequent to preillumination.
Optical Rotatory Dispersion of Dyes Bound to Macromolecules. Cationic Dyes: Polyglutamic Acid Complexes2,3 (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical Rotatory Dispersion of Dyes Bound to Macromolecules. Cationic Dyes: Polyglutamic Acid Complexes2,3Lubert Stryer and E. R. BloutCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 6, 1411–1418Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01467a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01467a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views321Altmetric-Citations213LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enantiopure Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films: Oriented SURMOF Growth and Enantioselective Adsorption (2011)

Stuck on you: Preferred (110) and (001) orientation of enantiopure [{Zn2((+)cam)2(dabco)}n] ((+)cam=(1R,3S)-(+)-camphoric acid, dabco=1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane) thin films can be controlled by carboxylate and pyridyl groups on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). With a quartz crystal microbalance, the enantioselective adsorption of enantiomeric hexanediol pairs by enantiopure surface-attached metal–organic frameworks (SURMOF) [Zn2((±)cam)2(dabco)] pairs can be demonstrated (see picture).