gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toughening by Stress‐Induced Microcracking in Two‐Phase Ceramics (1988)

Two glass/alumina composites were examined as potential systems for stress‐induced microcrack toughening. A borosilicate glass/alumina material having a thermal mismatch strain of approximately 0.8% demonstrated toughness up to twice that of an aluminosilicate glass/alumina composite and other reported glass/alumina composites. High‐sensitivity density measurements confirmed a density reduction on application of a stress in the borosilicate glass/alumina system, providing indirect evidence for stress‐induced microcracking.
Drying water droplets: Suppression of the coffee-stain effect by letting them dry on a thin oil film (2019)

We systematically study the evaporation of a water microdroplet put on a thin oil film, both experimentally and theoretically. First, the absence of an intercalated film between droplets and substrates is demonstrated by interferometry. The interfacial energies between the droplet, the oil film and the solid surface are the key parameters to determine the wetting characteristics. During evaporation, we measure the flow field with μPIV, which shows that it is controlled by the contact line behavior and the wetting state of the film with the droplet. Once the microdroplet contains particles, they accumulate during the evaporation process. We experimentally find that the final deposit of the particles is determined by the flow and by the movement of the contact line. We derive an analytical expression for the radial velocity profile in the flow field near the substrate, which proves that the hindering of evaporation at the rim of the droplet by the non-volatile oil meniscus prevents the flow towards the edge, and therefore suppresses the ``coffee-stain'' effect. We finally demonstrate that the final particle deposition can be manipulated by tuning the surface energy of the droplet by adding a specific amount of a surfactant.
DirecTag: Accurate Sequence Tags from Peptide MS/MS through Statistical Scoring (2008)

In shotgun proteomics, tandem mass spectra of peptides are typically identified through database search algorithms such as Sequest. We have developed DirecTag, an open-source algorithm to infer partial sequence tags directly from observed fragment ions. This algorithm is unique in its implementation of three separate scoring systems to evaluate each tag on the basis of peak intensity, m/ z fidelity, and complementarity. In data sets from several types of mass spectrometers, DirecTag reproducibly exceeded the accuracy and speed of InsPecT and GutenTag, two previously published algorithms for this purpose. The source code and binaries for DirecTag are available from http://fenchurch.mc.vanderbilt.edu.
Temporomandibular joint motion: efficacy of fast low-angle shot MR imaging. (1989)

One hundred temporomandibular joints (TMJs) in 62 symptomatic patients and two healthy volunteers were prospectively examined with T1-weighted spin-echo and fast low-angle shot (FLASH) gradient-echo sequences. FLASH sequences were performed during opening of the mouth and provided a pseudodynamic depiction of TMJ motion. In 49 joints, FLASH sequences provided information that potentially influenced the therapeutic approach to the patient. This information was not available from standard T1-weighted images. The additional information fell into four general categories: (a) determination of the exact time of disk recapture, (b) distinction of normal variants from pathologically displaced disks, (c) clarification of discrepancies found between clinical examination results and T1-weighted images, and (d) elimination of motion degradation of images.
Efficacy of sonographically guided biopsy of thyroid masses and cervical lymph nodes. (1993)

Sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of neck masses has a high sensitivity (91%) and should be routinely used to evaluate indeterminate masses in the neck.
Haptics in Neuroscience (2016)

The papers in this special section is to focus on the deployment of haptics in the field of neuroscience. The neuroscience of haptics has made many breakthroughs over the last six or so decades and these scientific advances are now being leveraged to develop new therapies for patients suffering from sensorimotor disorders and new technologies to improve our everyday lives. This special section features a broad range of studies, some of which advance our basic understanding of haptics, others develop devices to further study haptics neuroscience, and still others invoke what is known about the neural basis of haptics to develop new therapeutic or augmentative devices.
Characterization of CaO-ZrO2 Reinforced Hap Biocomposite for Strength and Toughness Improvement (2016)

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been used extensively in medical applications for repair or replacement of bone tissues in human body system. It is chemically similar to the mineral component of bone and teeth and will form an artificial bone-like structure with the surrounding bone tissue when implanted. However, sintered hydroxyapatite material exhibits relatively poor mechanical properties than natural bone and as such, improvement of mechanical properties are necessary. One of the candidate materials for the reinforcing phase to HAp is zirconia, ZrO2. Medical applications of ZrO2 implants confirmed their satisfactory biocompatibility, although it cannot bond well to bone tissue. In this study, ZrO2/HApbiocomposites were fabricated with the objective to improve the strength and toughness of the biomaterial. Commercial CaO-ZrO2 (CZ) was selected as the reinforced material to the HAp matrix. Small amounts of CaF2 were added to improve sinterability and the phase stability of these biocomposites. Conventional ceramic processing route was used to prepare ZrO2/HAp samples, which involved milling and mixing, compaction and sintering. X-ray diffraction (XRD), linear shrinkages, density and porosity, flexural strength, Vickers microhardness, toughness, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the (ZrO2/HAp) biocomposites. XRD results indicate phase stability of biocomposites to a temperature of 1200 °C. Shrinkage of fired samples were very uniform with increasing temperature, with slightly lower shrinkage in thickness direction. In general, strength of the reinforced ZrO2/HAp was successfully increased from 35.70 MPa to 52.88 MPa and the toughness was increased from 0.65 MPa.m1/2 to 1.33 MPa.m1/2 as well.
Development of the Enabling Route for Glecaprevir via Ring-Closing Metathesis (2019)

Glecaprevir was identified as a potent HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor, and an enabling synthesis was required to support the preclinical evaluation and subsequent Phase I clinical trials. The enabling route to glecaprevir was established through further development of the medicinal chemistry route. The key steps in the synthesis involved a ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction to form the 18-membered macrocycle and a challenging fluorination step to form a key amino acid. The enabling route was successfully used to produce 41 kg of glecaprevir, sufficient to support the preclinical evaluation and early clinical development.
Model‐based inference from microvascular measurements: Combining experimental measurements and model predictions using a Bayesian probabilistic approach (2016)

Our Bayesian probabilistic approach may be suitable for optimizing data acquisition and for analyzing and reporting large data sets acquired as part of microvascular imaging studies.
Self-sustaining composed service groups for Future Internet (2008)

The Future Internet will witness a transformation towards service centric communication systems that will closely support the user’s requirements. It is anticipated that these services will not only include web services but also multimedia based services, where each service will be developed to focus on certain core functionalities. In order to maximize user’s experience, services will have to be composed into groups in order to integrate various functionalities from different services, and maximize the value to the user. Although a number of research have investigated service composition, a core challenge that still needs to be addressed is the ability to efficiently manage the groups to evolve to meet the changing demand of users as well as new service functionalities. In this paper we propose an adaptive “self-sustaining#x201D; mechanism for composed service groups based on bio-inspired techniques. The biological mechanisms used include Lotka-Voltera’s competition model as well as chemotaxis based search. Simulation results are also presented in this paper to illustrate the mechanism and functionalities of the bio-inspired techniques selected.
Sub parts-per-billion detection of ethane in a 30-meters long mid-IR Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber (2022)

In this work we report on Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy of ethane with sub parts-per-billion detection limit in the mid-IR spectral band aided with a 30-meters long self-fabricated all-silica Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber-based absorption cell.
Establishing Tissue-cultured Sweetgum Plants in Soil (2005)

Methods to enhance sweetgum ( Liquidambar styraciflua L.) in vitro axillary shoot formation and shoot establishment into soil are presented. Sweetgum shoots grown in an automated plant culture system (APCS) produced 400 to 500 shoots via axillary branching compared to only 40 shoots produced within Magenta vessels containing agar medium after 8 weeks of incubation. Vitrification was observed in as many as 80% of the axillary shoots produced in the APCS. A continuous carbon dioxide (CO 2 )-flow-through system was tested on both vitrified and non-vitrified sweetgum shoots transferred from the APCS to soil. One- and two-cm-long vitrified shoots were grown within CO 2 -flow-through system chambers and subjected to 350, 1500, 3000, 10,000, or 30,000 μL·L –1 (ppm) CO 2 for 4 weeks. Administering 10,000 μL·L –1 CO 2 improved culture survival and enhanced overall shoot and root growth compared to shoots grown under ambient atmosphere (i.e., 350 μL·L –1 CO 2 ).
Covalent 2D and 3D Networks from 1D Nanostructures:  Designing New Materials (2006)

We show extensive theoretical studies related to the generation and characterization of 2D and 3D ordered networks using 1D units that are connected covalently. We experimentally created multi-terminal junctions containing 1D carbon blocks in order to study the most common morphologies and branched structures that could be used in the theoretical design of network models. We found that the mechanical and electronic characteristics of ordered networks based on carbon nanotubes (ON-CNTs) are dominated by their specific super-architecture (hexagonal, cubic, square, and diamond-type). We show that charges follow specific paths through the nodes of the multi-terminal systems, which could result in complex integrated nanoelectronic circuits. The 3D architectures reveal their ability to support extremely high unidirectional stress when their mechanical properties are studied. In addition, these networks are shown to perform better than standard carbon aerogels because of their low mass densities, continuous porosities, and high surface areas.
Mécanismes régulateurs de la voie NF-κB dans les lymphocytes T (2007)

The transcription factor NF-kappaB has a central role in coordinating the expression of a wide variety of genes that control the immune system. Defining the proteins and the mechanisms that transmit signals from the T-cell receptor to NF-kappaB is therefore an important goal for immunologists. Although most players have probably been identified, relatively little is known about the detailed molecular mechanisms involved in the cascade leading to NF-kappaB activation following engagement of the T cell receptor by a foreign antigen. PKCtheta, CARMA1, BCL-10, MALT1 and caspase 8 are signalling proteins that have a key role in antigen receptor-mediated lymphocyte activation through the NF-kappaB pathway. In this review, we discuss recent insights into this specific signal transduction cascade, and the way it is regulated. Several lines of evidence, mainly from biochemical studies of T cells clearly indicate that phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation are key control elements in the positive and negative regulation of the NF-kappaB pathway in response to TCR stimulation.
A new high step-up voltage ratio soft switching PWM boost DC-DC power converter with edge resonant switched capacitor modular (2011)

This paper presents a new soft switching PWM non-isolated boost DC-DC converter embedding an edge resonant switched capacitor (ER-SWC) modular. The soft switching PWM boost DC-DC converter treated here can achieve a high frequency zero current switching (ZCS) turn-on and zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-off operations in active switches and minimize a reverse recovering current in the freewheeling diode under DCM including CRM conditions in the input inductor current. Those advantageous properties enable a wide range of soft switching operations together with a high step-up voltage conversion ratio due to the edge resonance in the ER-SWC modular, which results in the high efficiency power conversion. For demonstrating the effectiveness of the new soft switching PWM boost DC-DC converter, a 1kW–40kHz laboratory prototype is evaluated in experiments, followed by the design guideline of the DC-DC converter and a theoretical analysis. Then, the performances of the proposed soft switching PWM boost DC-DC converter are discussed from a practical point of view.
Activity of a Potent Hepatitis C Virus Polymerase Inhibitor in the Chimpanzee Model (2007)

A-837093 is a potent and specific nonnucleoside inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. It possesses nanomolar potencies in both enzymatic and replicon-based cell culture assays. In rats and dogs this compound demonstrated an oral plasma half-life of greater than 7 h, and its bioavailability was >60%. In monkeys it had a half-life of 1.9 h and 15% bioavailability. Its antiviral efficacy was evaluated in two chimpanzees infected with HCV in a proof-of-concept study. The design included oral dosing of 30 mg per kg of body weight twice a day for 14 days, followed by a 14-day posttreatment observation. Maximum viral load reductions of 1.4 and 2.5 log(10) copies RNA/ml for genotype 1a- and 1b-infected chimpanzees, respectively, were observed within 2 days after the initiation of treatment. After this initial drop in the viral load, a rebound of plasma HCV RNA was observed in the genotype 1b-infected chimpanzee, while the genotype 1a-infected chimpanzee experienced a partial rebound that lasted throughout the treatment period. Clonal analysis of NS5B gene sequences derived from the plasma of A-837093-treated chimpanzees revealed the presence of several mutations associated with resistance to A-837093, including Y448H, G554D, and D559G in the genotype 1a-infected chimpanzee and C316Y and G554D in the genotype 1b-infected chimpanzee. The identification of resistance-associated mutations in both chimpanzees is consistent with the findings of in vitro selection studies, in which many of the same mutations were selected. These findings validate the antiviral efficacy and resistance development of benzothiadiazine HCV polymerase inhibitors in vivo.
Elimination reactions on the di- and trimesylated derivatives of N3-benzyluridine (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElimination reactions on the di- and trimesylated derivatives of N3-benzyluridineTadashi Sasaki, Katsumaro Minamoto, and Hideaki SuzukiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 3, 598–607Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00943a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00943a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Assay, purification, and characterization of cobaltochelatase, a unique complex enzyme catalyzing cobalt insertion in hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide during coenzyme B12 biosynthesis in Pseudomonas denitrificans (1992)

Hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide was shown to be the substrate of cobaltochelatase, an enzyme that catalyzes cobalt insertion in the corrin ring during the biosynthesis of coenzyme B12 in Pseudomonas denitrificans. Cobaltochelatase was demonstrated to be a complex enzyme composed of two different components of M(r) 140,000 and 450,000, which were purified to homogeneity. The 140,000-M(r) component was shown to be coded by cobN, whereas the 450,000-M(r) component was composed of two polypeptides specified by cobS and cobT. Each component was inactive by itself, but cobaltochelatase activity was reconstituted upon mixing CobN and CobST. The reaction was ATP dependent, and the Km values for hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide, Co2+, and ATP were 0.085 +/- 0.015, 4.2 +/- 0.2, and 220 +/- 36 microM, respectively. Spectroscopic data revealed that the reaction product was cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide, and experiments with a coupled-enzyme incubation system containing both cobaltochelatase and cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide reductase (F. Blanche, L. Maton, L. Debussche, and D. Thibaut, J. Bacteriol. 174:7452-7454, 1992) confirmed this result. This report not only provides the first evidence that hydrogenobyrinic acid and its a,c-diamide derivative are indeed precursors of adenosylcobalamin but also demonstrates that precorrin-6x, precorrin-6y, and precorrin-8x, three established precursors of hydrogenobyrinic acid (D. Thibaut, M. Couder, A. Famechon, L. Debussche, B. Cameron, J. Crouzet, and F. Blanche, J. Bacteriol. 174:1043-1049, 1992), are also on the pathway to cobalamin.
Milk sphingomyelin and cholesterol: interactions biophysical properties and attractive interactions (2018)

The biological membrane surrounding fat globules in milk (the MFGM) is poorly known despite its importance in the functional properties of many dairy products,in the mechanisms of milk lipids digestion occurring in the gastrointestinal tract and the increased scientific evidence of its health benefits.Studies recently revealed the formation of lipid domains inthe MFGM that havebeen interpreted as the lateral segregation of high phase transition temperature (Tm) lipids, mainly milk sphingomyelin (MSM; Tm 34°C), and cholesterol[1]. The properties ofthese MSM-rich domains and their functional rolein the MFGM arecurrently unknown and needs further investigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the biophysical properties of hydrated MSM bilayers in absence or presence of increased amount of cholesterol. The experiments have been performed using synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry[2].Also, the interactions between MSM and cholesterol have been investigated in monolayers composed of various MSM/cholesterol molar ratios by the recording of Langmuir isotherms of compression both for temperatures below and above Tm of MSM [3,4]. The role of cholesterol in the topography and mechanical properties of hydrated bilayers composed of MFGM polar lipids has been characterised using atomic force microscopy [5]. This study allowed the characterisation of the gel and liquid crystalline phase of MSM bilayers as well as their structural changes as a function of temperature. The addition of more than 40% mol cholesterol induces the formation of the liquid ordered phaseand dedrease the rigidity oft he membrane as compared to the MSM gel phase. These results improved knowledge about MSM properties and its interactions with cholesterol that areinvolved in the formation of complexes in the MFGM and potentially in the gastrointestinal tractduring digestion of milk fat globules.
Attachment, detachment and ion-molecule reactions in SO2and SO2-O2mixtures (1981)

A pulsed drift tube has been employed for measurement of the electron attachment coefficient, alpha a in pure sulphur dioxide over the E/N range 3.03&lt;or=E/N&lt;or=242.4 Td. A pressure dependence of alpha a /(SO 2 ) has been observed for E/N&lt;40.0 Td, indicating the existence of a three-body attachment process, whilst for values of E/N&gt;40 Td the results indicate a dissociative attachment process. Measurements of the mobility of the negative ions formed indicate the presence of at least four ions with reduced mobilities of 0.69, 0.62, 0.55 and 0.39 cm 2 V -1 s -1 respectively. Using a drift tube mass spectrometer system the ion spectra produced in pure SO 2 and in SO 2 -O 2 mixtures have been studied. In pure SO 2 at pressures around 1 Torr a number of large cluster ions are observed. At much lower pressures the predominant ion is SO 2 - which rapidly clusters to form SO 2 .SO 2 - as the pressure increases. When SO 2 is added to oxygen the following reactions are observed: O - +SO 2 to SO 3 +e; O 2 - +SO 2 to SO 2 - +O 2 . The rate for the first reaction has been measured over a range of E/N and has been found to vary between 2.0*10 -9 cm 3 s -1 and 8*10 -10 cm 3 s -1 . The second reaction has a rate of 3.9*10 -9 cm 3 s -1 at E/N=117.2 Td.
CD38 and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a decade later (2011)

This review highlights a decade of investigations into the role of CD38 in CLL. CD38 is accepted as a dependable marker of unfavorable prognosis and as an indicator of activation and proliferation of cells when tested. Leukemic clones with higher numbers of CD38(+) cells are more responsive to BCR signaling and are characterized by enhanced migration. In vitro activation through CD38 drives CLL proliferation and chemotaxis via a signaling pathway that includes ZAP-70 and ERK1/2. Finally, CD38 is under a polymorphic transcriptional control after external signals. Consequently, CD38 appears to be a global molecular bridge to the environment, promoting survival/proliferation over apoptosis. Together, this evidence contributes to the current view of CLL as a chronic disease in which the host's microenvironment promotes leukemic cell growth and also controls the sequential acquisition and accumulation of genetic alterations. This view relies on the existence of a set of surface molecules, including CD38, which support proliferation and survival of B cells on their way to and after neoplastic transformation. The second decade of studies on CD38 in CLL will tell if the molecule is an effective target for antibody-mediated therapy in this currently incurable leukemia.