gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct introduction of nitriles via use of unstable Reissert intermediates: convenient procedures for the preparation of 2-cyanoquinolines and 1-cyanoisoquinolines (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect introduction of nitriles via use of unstable Reissert intermediates: convenient procedures for the preparation of 2-cyanoquinolines and 1-cyanoisoquinolinesDale L. Boger, Christine E. Brotherton, James S. Panek, and Daniel YohannesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 21, 4056–4058Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00195a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00195a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views606Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nickel(ii) and mixed metal complexes of amyloid-β N-terminus (2010)

Nickel(II) complexes of Abeta(1-16)Y10A and its smaller fragments including Abeta(1-4), Abeta(1-6), Ac-Abeta(1-6) and Ac-Abeta(8-16)Y10A have been studied by potentiometric, UV-Vis and circular dichroism spectroscopic measurements. The formation of mixed metal complexes and the distribution of metal ions among the possible coordination sites in the Cu(II)-Ni(II)-Abeta(1-16)Y10A and Cu(II)-Ni(II)-Zn(ii)-Abeta(1-16)Y10A systems have also been evaluated. It was found that the hexadecapeptide and its fragments are effective nickel(II) binding ligands and complex formation processes of nickel(II) ions are quite similar to those of copper(II). Formation of mono- and di-nuclear complexes was detected in the nickel(II)-Abeta(1-16)Y10A system suggesting the existence of two separated metal binding motifs: the N-terminus and internal histidyl residues. The preference for the coordination at the N-terminus was supported by the spectroscopic measurements but in equilibrium with the metal binding at the internal histidyl sites. Neither zinc(II) nor nickel(II) can, however, substitute copper(II) in the mixed metal complexes of Abeta(1-16)Y10A, but both metal ions are able to alter the distribution of copper(II) ions among the various binding sites. Both N-terminus (amino and His6) and internal histidyl residues (His13 and His14) can work as dinuclear binding motifs, preferably accommodating copper(II) and zinc(II), respectively, while nickel(II) can occupy the remaining free coordination sites.
A TDC-less 7mW 2.5Gb/s digital CDR with linear loop dynamics and offset-free data recovery (2011)

A clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit is the key building block in all serial communication systems. A classical CDR is implemented using a Type-2 phase locked loop (PLL) wherein a passive lead-lag analog loop filter is used to set the loop response. Large capacitors needed to achieve low jitter transfer bandwidth and a highly over-damped response to reduce jitter peaking prohibit monolithic integration of the analog loop filter. Digital loop filters (DLFs) that are robust to process and temperature variations have recently emerged as an alternate solution to implementing fully integrated CDRs.
Nanouidic Compaction of DNA by Like-Charged Protein (2012)

The effects of the like-charged proteins bovine serum albumin and hemoglobin on the conformation and compaction of single DNA molecules confined in rectangular nanochannels were investigated with fluorescence microscopy. The channels have lengths of 50 μm and cross-sectional diameters in the range of 80-300 nm. In the wider channels, the DNA molecules are compressed and eventually condense into a compact form with increasing concentration of protein. In the narrow channels, no condensation was observed. The threshold concentration for condensation depends on the channel cross-sectional diameter as well as the ionic strength of the supporting medium. The critical values for full compaction are typically less than one-tenth of a millimolar. In the bulk phase and in the same environmental conditions, no condensation was observed. Anisotropic nanoconfinement hence facilitates compaction of DNA by negatively charged protein. We tentatively interpret this behavior in terms of enhanced depletion interaction between segments of the DNA molecule due to orientation order imposed by the channel walls.
Calculation of optimal rotor permanent magnet dimensions for RPMFS machine (2018)

In this paper, the analytical model for the rotor magnetic circuit of a RPMFS (Rotor Permanent Magnet Flux-Switching) machine is developed. A simple analytical method is proposed for calculating the optimum dimensions of rotor permanent magnets (PMs) with the aim of achieving maximum value of machine electromagnetic torque at constant PM volume and constant dimensions of the stator magnetic circuit. It is shown that the optimum values of PM width and height depend to a large extent on the value of the leakage flux between rotor poles, and the saturation in stator teeth and yoke. The results of the analytical calculation are verified by computer simulations using finite element analysis (FEA).
Extracellular volume and transsarcolemmal proton movement during ischemia and reperfusion: A 31P NMR spectroscopic study of the isovolumic rat heart (1993)

We have measured, directly and simultaneously, changes in extracellular volume and intra- and extracellular pH during ischemia in the isolated rat heart using 31P NMR spectroscopy. Hearts were perfused with buffer containing 15 mM sodium phenylphosphonate at pH 7.4. Wash in and wash out experiments showed that phenylphosphonate entered only the extracellular (interstitial, vascular and chamber) space of the heart and had no adverse effects on myocardial energetics, contractile function or coronary flow rate. Hearts were subjected to 28 min of total, global ischemia, during which the phenylphosphonate resonance area in the 31P NMR spectra decreased by 83%, indicating that extracellular fluid had moved rapidly from the heart to the bath surrounding the heart, partly as a result of vascular collapse. A separate, morphological study confirmed that 95% of the vasculature had collapsed by 28 min ischemia. Intra- and extracellular pH were determined from the chemical shifts of the P(i) and the phenylphosphonate resonances, respectively. In the pre-ischemic rat heart, intracellular pH was 7.15 +/- 0.03 and extracellular pH was 7.39 +/- 0.03. By 4 min of ischemia, intra- and extracellular pH were the same and decreased concomitantly throughout the remainder of ischemia to final values of 6.09 +/- 0.19 and 6.16 +/- 0.23, respectively. On reperfusion, the extracellular volume and pH returned to pre-ischemic levels within 1 min, but restoration of intracellular pH took > 2.5 min. Thus, a large volume of extracellular fluid moves out of the rat heart to the surrounding bath and the intra- and extracellular pH become the same during total, global ischemia.
Probing the Spin State of Spin-Crossover Complexes on Surfaces with Vacuum Ultraviolet Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (2021)

Spin-crossover complexes in direct contact with substrates have sparked considerable interest, in particular, in view of their potential applications in molecular electronics. While a huge number of spin-crossover complexes is available, many of them are not robust enough to withstand the sample preparation and/or the interaction with the substrate. The techniques usually employed for these investigations, namely, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, are not adapted for systematic studies because of the limited access to synchrotron-radiation facilities and complexity of the (indirect) spin determination, respectively. Here, we detail a methodology using a (more) commonly available technique, namely, vacuum ultraviolet (angle-resolved) photoemission spectroscopy, to determine the spin state of layers of three different spin-crossover complexes with thicknesses down to the submonolayer regime. We present an approach to determine the thicknesses of the investigated layers, relying on the inelastic mean free path of electrons determined from combined photoemission and X-ray absorption measurements. We report on the high-spin to low-spin relaxation dynamics of spin-crossover (SCO) layers and the influence of the ultraviolet light on these dynamics. While the observed relaxation processes occur on a timescale on the order of minutes, probing spin-state dynamics on the picosecond timescale is foreseeable with pump–probe photoemission spectroscopy.
La enseñanza sobre religiones y creencias en el entorno militar (2014)

En este trabajo se analiza la funcion que podria desempenar una adecuada ensenanza sobre las diferentes religiones y creencias, en los diversos niveles de la formacion de los miembros de las Fuerzas Armadas, distinta de la instruccion en una determinada religion o creencia, y al mismo tiempo abierta a la empatia con las posiciones de cada religion concreta, de manera que se fomente la sensibilidad y el conocimiento objetivo del pluralismo religioso e ideologico y se garantice el derecho de libertad religiosa y de conciencia de los miembros del ejercito.
Devolatilization of pulverized coal at high temperatures. (1976)

Thesis. 1976. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
Scrambled eggs: Proteomic portraits and novel biomarkers of egg quality in zebrafish (Danio rerio) (2017)

Egg quality is a complex biological trait and a major determinant of reproductive fitness in all animals. This study delivered the first proteomic portraits of egg quality in zebrafish, a leading biomedical model for early development. Egg batches of good and poor quality, evidenced by embryo survival for 24 h, were sampled immediately after spawning and used to create pooled or replicated sample sets whose protein extracts were subjected to different levels of fractionation before liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Obtained spectra were searched against a zebrafish proteome database and detected proteins were annotated, categorized and quantified based on normalized spectral counts. Manually curated and automated enrichment analyses revealed poor quality eggs to be deficient of proteins involved in protein synthesis and energy and lipid metabolism, and of some vitellogenin products and lectins, and to have a surfeit of proteins involved in endo-lysosomal activities, autophagy, and apoptosis, and of some oncogene products, lectins and egg envelope proteins. Results of pathway and network analyses suggest that this aberrant proteomic profile results from failure of oocytes giving rise to poor quality eggs to properly transit through final maturation, and implicated Wnt signaling in the etiology of this defect. Quantitative comparisons of abundant proteins in good versus poor quality eggs revealed 17 candidate egg quality markers. Thus, the zebrafish egg proteome is clearly linked to embryo developmental potential, a phenomenon that begs further investigation to elucidate the root causes of poor egg quality, presently a serious and intractable problem in livestock and human reproductive medicine.
Seroprevalence of rubella antibodies and determinants of susceptibility to rubella in a cohort of pregnant women in Canada, 2008–2011 (2017)

Long term control of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome relies on high population-level immunity against rubella, particularly among women of childbearing age. In Canada, all pregnant women should be screened so that susceptible new mothers can be offered vaccination for rubella before discharge. This study was undertaken to estimate rubella susceptibility in a cohort of pregnant women in Canada and to identify associated socio-economic and demographic factors. Biobanked plasma samples were obtained from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study, in which pregnant women were recruited between 2008 and 2011. Socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric histories were collected. Second trimester plasma samples (n=1,752) were tested for rubella-specific IgG using an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The percentage of women with IgG titers <5IU/mL, 5-10IU/mL, and ≥10IU/mL were 2.3%, 10.1%, and 87.6%, respectively. Rates of seronegativity, defined as <5IU/mL, were 3.1% in women who had no previous live birth and 1.6% in women who had given birth previously. Among the latter group, seronegativity was higher in women with high school education or less (adjusted OR (aOR) 5.93, 95% CI 2.08-16.96) or with a college or trade school diploma (aOR 3.82, 95% CI 1.45-10.12), compared to university graduates, and those born outside Canada (aOR 2.60, 95% CI 1.07-6.31). In conclusion, a large majority of pregnant women were found to be immune to rubella. Further research is needed to understand inequalities in vaccine uptake or access, and more effort is needed to promote catch-up measles-mumps-rubella vaccination among socioeconomically disadvantaged and immigrant women of childbearing age.
Raman Characterization of High Temperature Materials Using an Imaging Detector (1990)

The characterization of materials by Raman spectroscopy has been advanced by recent technological developments in light detectors. Imaging photomultiplier-tube detectors are now available that impart position information in two dimensions while retaining photon-counting sensitivity, effectively greatly reducing noise. The combination of sensitivity and reduced noise allows smaller amounts of material to be analyzed. The ability to observe small amounts of material when coupled with position information makes possible Raman characterization in which many spatial elements are analyzed simultaneously. Raman spectroscopy making use of these capabilities has been used, for instance, to analyze the phases present in carbon films and fibers and to map phase-transformed zones accompanying crack propagation in toughened zirconia ceramics.
Assessing the prevalence, monitoring and management of chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes compared with those without diabetes in general practice (2007)

CKD is common in people with diabetes living in the community in the UK. The study found a similar rate of stage 3-5 CKD to that found previously in the USA. Currently used measures of renal function fail to identify CKD as effectively as eGFR. Risk factors for CKD and its progression are suboptimally managed.
Chip Package Interaction(CPI) risk assessment on 28nm Back End of Line(BEOL) stack of a large I/O chip using compact 3D FEA modeling (2013)

Chip Package Interaction (CPI) is a widely recognized quality and reliability challenge for flip-chip packages due to the ultra low-K materials used within the silicon Back End of Line (BEOL). This paper discusses a predictive finite element model developed to address this challenge. Furthermore, for advanced flip-chip package models, it is challenging to have the entire C4 bump array within the model due to the extremely large pin count (I/O) fitted at a fine pitch within a large die. As an example, for CPU chips, it is not uncommon to have chip contain over 10,000 C4 bumps. Accounting for such large bump count with FEA models, makes the analyses not just computationally expensive but also often impossible. The proposed study will try to address these challenges by demonstrating a “compact” 3D modeling approach for 28nm chip stack. The effective properties developed for C4 joints will also be adjusted to account for Cu pillar joints. Lastly, the model has been validated with full bump array models that do not use effective properties to confirm the usefulness and scalability of this approach.
Low Mortality of Orthopedic Trauma Patients With Asymptomatic COVID-19: A Level I Trauma Center Pandemic Experience (2022)

<b>Background:</b> Early (2020) reports on mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who underwent orthopedic surgery ranged from 20.5% to 56%, but these studies included elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. The mortality rate for younger and asymptomatic COVID-19-positive patients undergoing orthopedic surgery after high-energy trauma is underreported. The purpose of this study was to compare the 30-day mortality of asymptomatic COVID-19-positive patients and COVID-19-negative patients surgically treated for orthopedic trauma at a Level I trauma center during the coronavirus pandemic. A secondary objective was to compare the patients' postoperative hospital course and length of stay. <b>Methods:</b> This study is a single-center retrospective review of all patients who underwent an orthopedic surgical procedure at a Level I trauma center during a 3-month period early in the COVID-19 pandemic. All patients received a preoperative nasopharyngeal swab to determine COVID-19 infection status. Preoperative demographic variables, perioperative and postoperative mortality within 30 days, length of stay, and intensive care unit days were compared between COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients. <b>Results:</b> Of the 471 total patients, 13 were COVID-19-positive and 458 were COVID-19-negative prior to surgery. The average age of all patients was 40.5 ± 19.8 years. The mortality rate in the COVID-19-positive group was 0% vs 0.7% in the COVID-19-negative group, with no significant difference between groups (<i>P</i>=0.77). The COVID-19-positive group vs the COVID-19-negative group had no significant difference in hospital length of stay (7.4 days vs 4.4 days, respectively, <i>P</i>=0.12). <b>Conclusion:</b> Asymptomatic COVID-19-positive orthopedic trauma patients treated with surgery at a Level I trauma center in a 3-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic had a 0% mortality rate, and we found no differences between COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients with respect to mortality and hospital length of stay.
Periapical Inflammation after Coronal Microbial Inoculation of Dog Roots Filled with Gutta-Percha or Resilon (2005)

A dog model was used to assess and compare in vivo the efficacy of gutta-percha and AH26 sealer versus Resilon with Epiphany primer and sealer [Resilon "Monoblock" System (RMS)] filled roots in preventing apical periodontitis subsequent to coronal inoculation with oral microorganisms. There were 56 vital roots in the premolars of seven adult beagle dogs aseptically instrumented, filled, and temporized. The roots were randomly divided into four experimental groups (Coronal Leakage Model) and one negative control group and filled as follows: group 1-lateral condensation of gutta-percha and AH26 sealer (n=12); group 2-vertical condensation of gutta-percha and AH26 sealer (n=12); group 3-lateral condensation of RMS (n=12); group 4-vertical condensation of RMS (n=10); negative control (n=10)-gutta-percha and AH26 sealer or RMS root fillings using lateral or vertical condensation techniques as in groups 1 to 4. Positive control-57 additional premolar roots were instrumented, infected and not filled (beginning of the Entombment Model experiment). The premolars in groups 1 to 4 were accessed again, inoculated with dental plaque scaled from the dog's teeth, and temporized. This fresh innoculum of microorganisms was repeated on two more occasions at monthly intervals. The teeth in the negative control group were not accessed again and remained undisturbed. On the 14-wk postcoronal inoculation, dogs were euthanized, and jaw blocks prepared for histologic evaluation under a light microcope. Mild inflammation was observed in 82% (18 of 22) of roots filled with gutta-percha and AH26 sealer that was stastistically more than roots filled with RMS (19% or 4 of 21) and roots in the negative control (22% or 2 of 9) (McNemar paired analysis, p < 0.05). The Resilon "Monoblock" System was associated with less apical periodontitis, which may be because of its superior resistance to coronal microleakage.
Simplified capillary isoelectric focusing with chemical mobilization for intact protein analysis (2016)

We report a capillary isoelectric focusing system based on a sequential injection method for simplified chemical mobilization. This system was coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer with an electrokinetically pumped nanoelectrospray interface. The nanoelectrospray emitter employed an acidic sheath electrolyte. To simplify focusing and mobilization, a plug of ammonium hydroxide was first injected into the capillary, followed by a section of mixed sample and ampholyte. During focusing, the NH<sub>3</sub> H<sub>2</sub> O section worked as catholyte. As focusing progressed, the NH<sub>3</sub> H<sub>2</sub> O section was titrated to lower pH by the acidic sheath electrolyte. Chemical mobilization started automatically once the ammonium hydroxide was consumed by the acidic sheath flow electrolyte, which then acted as the mobilization solution. In this report, the lengths of the NH<sub>3</sub> H<sub>2</sub> O section and sample were optimized. With a 1 m long capillary, a relative short plug of the NH<sub>3</sub> H<sub>2</sub> O section (3 cm) produced both fast migration and reasonable separation resolution. The simplified capillary isoelectric focusing mass spectrometry system produced base peak intensity relative standard deviation of 8.5% and migration time relative standard deviation ≤0.6% for myoglobin and cytochrome C in triplicate runs.
Free radical homopolymerization of a vinylferrocene/cyclodextrin complex in water (2010)

We report the radical initiated homopolymerization of a soluble vinylferrocene cyclodextrin-complex in water. Uncomplexed vinylferrocene 1 and the corresponding homopolymer are hydrophobic and completely insoluble in water. Complexation of 1 with methyl-β-cyclodextrin 2 results in clearly water-soluble structures due to incorporation of the ferrocene moiety into the cyclodextrin cavity. After free radical polymerization of the water-soluble complexed monomer, corresponding to polyvinylferrocene (PVFc), the water-soluble polymer is obtained due to the host guest interactions. Those polymeric complexes are stable in water up to about 90 °C. Above this temperature the polymer precipitates due to decomplexation. The complex was investigated by ¹H NMR spectrometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) measurements.
Process intensification by direct product sequestration from batch fermentations: Application of a fluidised bed, multi‐bed external loop contactor (1999)

A critical comparison has been made of the relative efficacy of the primary purification of an extracellular acid protease produced by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The performance of conventional, discrete sequences of fermentation, broth clarification and fixed bed, anion exchange chromatography has been compared with fluidised bed adsorption directly interfaced with post-term fermentation broth and fluidised bed adsorption directly integrated with productive fermentations (so-called direct product sequestration; DPS). Advantages of the latter, in terms of the improved yield and molecular quality of the protease end product are discussed in terms of the design, assembly and operation of component parts of DPS devices and their generic application to other extracellular bioproducts of microbial fermentations. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 64: 310–321, 1999.