gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the importance of simultaneous infrared/fiber-optic temperature monitoring in the microwave-assisted synthesis of ionic liquids (2009)

The temperature profiles obtained from both an external infrared and internal fiber-optic sensor were compared for heating and synthesizing the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (bmimBr) under microwave conditions. Utilizing a single-mode microwave reactor that allows simultaneous infrared/fiber-optic temperature measurements, significant differences between the two methods of temperature monitoring were revealed. Due to the strong microwave absorptivity of ionic liquids and the delay experienced in monitoring temperature on the outer surface of a heavy-walled glass vial, external infrared temperature sensors can not be used to accurately control the temperature in the heating of ionic liquids under microwave conditions. The use of internal fiber-optic probes allows the monitoring and control of the heating behavior in a much better way. In order to prevent the strong exotherm in the synthesis of bmimBr under microwave conditions the use of a reaction vessel made out of silicon carbide is the method of choice. Because of the high thermal conductivity and effusivity of silicon carbide, the heat generated during the ionic liquid formation is efficiently exchanged with the comparatively cool air in the microwave cavity via the silicon carbide ceramic.
Epidermal Growth Factor Increases Intestinal Calbindin-D9kand 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Receptors in Neonatal Rats* (1989)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been reported to increase intestinal calcium absorption in suckling rats. The mechanism of this effect is unknown, as are the roles of vitamin D-dependent and independent pathways. The present studies were undertaken to investigate the ability of EGF to accelerate the postnatal induction of the vitamin D-dependent intestinal calcium-binding protein, calbindin-D9k. Subcutaneous administration of EGF increased duodenal calbindin-D9k in suckling rats by more than 100% (P less than 0.001). The effect of EGF was not seen in older weaned animals or when EGF was given to suckling rats by gavage. Administration of EGF simulated the changes of normal development. 1) It increased calbindin-D9k, and the effect was greater in proximal than distal duodenum. 2) EGF increased alkaline phosphatase activity to the same extent in proximal and distal duodenum. 3) EGF increased sucrase more markedly in distal than in proximal epithelium. Maximal and half-maximal effects of EGF on each of these proteins were observed at twice daily doses of 0.1 and 0.04 microgram/g BW, respectively. 4) EGF at the maximally effective dose produced a small (30%) but statistically significant (P less than 0.005) increase in serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. 5) Most importantly, EGF treatment resulted in a 2-fold increase in intestinal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptors (VDR) in the proximal segments of the small intestine (P less than 0.001). EGF effects on calbindin-D9k and VDR were specific for the intestine, as EGF did not change kidney calbindin-D9k or kidney VDR. Thus, EGF was able to prematurely initiate a complex series of molecular changes that occur during normal development. The mechanism of EGF's action to stimulate calcium absorption appears to involve a maturation effect on the vitamin D-dependent pathway.
An experimental study on the influence of tool path, tool diameter and pitch in single point incremental forming (SPIF) (2015)

Incremental forming process has become more and more popular because of its ease of forming and capability to produce different part shapes using same machine set-up. This article describes an experimental study on the influence of process parameters in single point incremental forming (SPIF) on the surface roughness and thickness of formed part. Experiments are performed on aluminium alloy (Al-1050) sheet on a 3-axis CNC milling machine. Hemispherical-headed tool of stainless steel (SS-304) is used to study the effect of tool path, tool diameter and pitch on the surface roughness (Ra) and thickness (t) of formed part. Design of experiment (DOE) full factorial plan is used, and results are plotted using ANOVA. Considerable effect of tool diameter is found on the surface quality of formed part.
In vitro and in vivo studies with anionic sulfatide-liposomes containing adriamycin. (1987)

Neutral and negatively charged liposomes containing Adriamycin (ADM) were examined for efficiency of drug entrapment and stability in serum. The greatest entrapment of ADM was obtained with negatively charged liposomes containing sulfatide. Moreover, these sulfatide-containing liposomes were more stable than other liposomes in the presence of serum. Tissue distribution studies indicated that the levels of ADM were increased several-fold in mouse liver and spleen after i.v. injection of the drug entrapped in sulfatide-liposomes, while levels of the drug were significantly diminished in the heart. Finally, the in vivo antitumor activity of ADM in liposomes containing sulfatides resulted in significantly greater survival rates than free ADM or ADM entrapped in liposomes without sulfatides.
MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease (2015)

This document presents the Movement Disorder Society Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson's disease (PD). The Movement Disorder Society PD Criteria are intended for use in clinical research but also may be used to guide clinical diagnosis. The benchmark for these criteria is expert clinical diagnosis; the criteria aim to systematize the diagnostic process, to make it reproducible across centers and applicable by clinicians with less expertise in PD diagnosis. Although motor abnormalities remain central, increasing recognition has been given to nonmotor manifestations; these are incorporated into both the current criteria and particularly into separate criteria for prodromal PD. Similar to previous criteria, the Movement Disorder Society PD Criteria retain motor parkinsonism as the core feature of the disease, defined as bradykinesia plus rest tremor or rigidity. Explicit instructions for defining these cardinal features are included. After documentation of parkinsonism, determination of PD as the cause of parkinsonism relies on three categories of diagnostic features: absolute exclusion criteria (which rule out PD), red flags (which must be counterbalanced by additional supportive criteria to allow diagnosis of PD), and supportive criteria (positive features that increase confidence of the PD diagnosis). Two levels of certainty are delineated: clinically established PD (maximizing specificity at the expense of reduced sensitivity) and probable PD (which balances sensitivity and specificity). The Movement Disorder Society criteria retain elements proven valuable in previous criteria and omit aspects that are no longer justified, thereby encapsulating diagnosis according to current knowledge. As understanding of PD expands, the Movement Disorder Society criteria will need continuous revision to accommodate these advances.
Hypotension-Avoidance Versus Hypertension-Avoidance Strategies in Noncardiac Surgery (2023)

Canadian Institutes of Health Research, National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), and Research Grant Council of Hong Kong.
Continuous Production of Clean Hydrogen from Wastewater by Microbial Usage (2023)

Biohydrogen production from wastewater is a prominent way to address escalating global energy demand and alarming environmental pollution. The need for renewable, sustainable, economic, and environment-friendly pathways for energy generation is fulfilled by biohydrogen evolution. Wastewaters contain a vast array of organic contents, as well as microbes and are a suitable source for bioreactors. Treatment of wastewaters with hydrogen-generating bacteria significantly aids its purification process by reducing chemical oxygen demand with simultaneous hydrogen generation. Among the various methods that are available for hydrogen production from microbes, photo fermentation, dark fermentation, and microbial electrolysis cells are discussed thoroughly. Continuous hydrogen generation systems are most suitable for large scale commercial production. Uniform product quality is obtained in the case of continuous systems. Microbial electrolysis cells have been found to yield exceptionally good hydrogen purity. A variety of factors that affect hydrogen evolution in all the techniques are reviewed in detail.
A Study of Bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(II) (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of Bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(II)J. A. Bertrand and Roy I. KaplanCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 3, 489–491Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50037a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50037a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views532Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advanced Cryo-Tanks Structural Design Investigated in CHATT (2014)

An EU-funded study called CHATT (Cryogenic Hypersonic Advanced Tank Technologies) has been initiated early 2012 and recently passed its mid-term milestone. The project CHATT is part of the European Commission’s Seventh Framework Programme and run on behalf of the Commission by DLR-SART in a multinational collaboration. One of the core objectives is to investigate Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) cryogenic pressure tanks. Four different subscale CFRP-tanks are planned to be designed, manufactured, and tested. The paper outlines the study logic of CHATT, gives a presentation of the technology development tasks, and summarizes available research results on the liner testing and CFRP-tank manufacturing.
Objective Performance Indicators of Cardiothoracic Residents Are Associated with Vascular Injury During Robotic-Assisted Lobectomy on Porcine Models (2022)

Abstract Objective Surgical training relies on subjective feedback on resident technical performance by attending surgeons. A novel data recorder connected to a robotic-assisted surgical platform captures synchronized kinematic and video data during an operation to calculate quantitative, objective performance indicators (OPIs). The aim of this study was to determine if OPIs during initial task of a resident’s robotic-assisted lobectomy (RL) correlated with bleeding during the procedure. Methods Forty-six residents from the 2019 Thoracic Surgery Directors Association Resident Boot Camp completed RL on an ex-vivo perfused porcine model while continuous video and kinematic data was recorded. For this pilot study RL was segmented into 12 tasks and OPIs were calculated for the initial major task. Cases were reviewed for major bleeding events and OPIs of bleeding cases were compared to those who did not. Results Data from 42 residents were complete and included in the analysis. 10/42 residents (23.8%) encountered bleeding: 10/40 residents who started with superior pulmonary vein exposure and 0/2 residents who started with pulmonary artery exposure. Twenty OPIs for both hands were assessed during the initial task. Six OPIs related to instrument usage or smoothness of motion were significant for bleeding. Differences were statistically significant for both hands (p &lt; 0.05). OPIs showing bimanual asymmetry indicated lower proficiency. Conclusion This study demonstrates that kinematic and video analytics can establish a correlation between objective performance metrics and bleeding events in an ex vivo perfused lobectomy. Further study could assist in the development of focused exercises and simulation on objective domains to help improve overall performance and reducing complications during RL.
Visibility Equalizer Cutaway Visualization of Mesoscopic Biological Models (2016)

In scientific illustrations and visualization, cutaway views are often employed as an effective technique for occlusion management in densely packed scenes. We propose a novel method for authoring cutaway illustrations of mesoscopic biological models. In contrast to the existing cutaway algorithms, we take advantage of the specific nature of the biological models. These models consist of thousands of instances with a comparably smaller number of different types. Our method constitutes a two stage process. In the first step, clipping objects are placed in the scene, creating a cutaway visualization of the model. During this process, a hierarchical list of stacked bars inform the user about the instance visibility distribution of each individual molecular type in the scene. In the second step, the visibility of each molecular type is fine-tuned through these bars, which at this point act as interactive visibility equalizers. An evaluation of our technique with domain experts confirmed that our equalizer-based approach for visibility specification was valuable and effective for both, scientific and educational purposes.
Solution-Processed Plasmonic–Dielectric Sunlight-Collecting Nanofilms for Solar Thermoelectric Application (2017)

It is important but remains a challenge to develop solution-processed plasmonic solar thermoelectricity films on various substrates, without strictly considering hierarchical plasmonic-dielectric-metal structures, to harvest a wide range of visible to near-infrared sunlight. We simply fabricate plasmonic silica metastructure sunlight-collecting nanofilms on highly reflective Cu and Si surfaces by introducing spin coating (with an Ag and silica colloidal mixture, a spin coater, and a heating plate) and low-temperature annealing (in an oven at 200 °C for 1 h) processes. The approximately 250 nm thick metastructure consists of a top 60 nm thick silica layer as an antireflective film and a bottom 190 nm thick Ag nanoparticle-silica hybrid film as a sunlight harvester. The metastructure film reduces the reflectivity of Cu (>90%) and Si (25-35%) to less than 5% at visible to near-infrared frequencies. The metastructure film on the Cu sheet has an absorptance of 0.95 and a thermal emittance of 0.06, ideal for high-performance sunlight absorbers. The solar thermoelectric powers of the film-coated Cu and Si are 15.4 and 4.7 times those of the uncoated Cu and Si substrates, respectively. The metastructure film on Cu exhibited a similar or slightly higher performance than that of a top-class vapor-deposited commercialized absorber film on Cu, demonstrating the robustness of the present method.
HASP server: a database and structural visualization platform for comparative models of influenza A hemagglutinin proteins (2013)

The modeling protocols used in the HASP server scale well for large amounts of sequences and will keep pace with expanded sequencing efforts. The conservative approach to modeling and the intuitive search and visualization interfaces allow researchers to quickly analyze hemagglutinin sequences of interest in the context of the most highly related experimental structures, and allow them to directly compare hemagglutinin sequences to each other simultaneously in their two- and three-dimensional contexts. The models and methodology have shown utility in current research efforts and the ongoing aim of the HASP server is to continue to accelerate influenza A research and have a positive impact on global public health.
Gas Turbine Assessment for Air Management of Pressurized SOFC/GT Hybrid Systems (2006)

This paper analyzes and compares transient and steady-state performance characteristics of different types of single-shaft turbo-machinery for controlling the air through a pressurized solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack that is integrated into a SOFC/GT pressurized hybrid system. Analyses are focused on the bottoming part of the cycle, where the gas turbine (GT) has the role of properly managing airflow to the SOFC stack for various loads and at different ambient conditions. Analyses were accomplished using two disparate computer programs, which each modeled a similar SOFC/GT cycle using identical generic gas turbine performance maps. The models are shown to provide consistent results, and they are used to assess: (1) the influence of SOFC exhaust composition on expander behavior for on-design conditions, (2) the off-design performance of the bypass, bleed, and variable speed controls for various part-load conditions and for different ambient conditions; (3) the features of such controls during abrupt transients such as load trip and bypass/bleed valve failure. The results show that a variable speed microturbine is the best option for off-design operation of a SOFC/GT hybrid system. For safety measures a bleed valve provides adequate control of the system during load trip. General specifications for a radial GT engine for integration with a 550kW pressurized SOFC stack are identified, which allow operation under a wide range of ambient conditions as well as several different cycle configurations.
2-Zincoethylzincation of 2-Alkynylamines and 1-Alkynylphosphines Catalyzed by Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide and Ethylmagnesium Bromide (2019)

Titanium(IV) isopropoxide and ethylmagnesium bromide catalyzed reaction of 2-alkynylamines with Et2Zn, followed by deuterolysis/hydrolysis and iodinolysis, affords substituted (Z)-pent-2-en-2,5-d 2-1-amines, (Z)-pent-2-en-1-amines (65–88%), and substituted (Z)-2,5-diiodopent-2-en-1-amines (55–63%). It is suggested that the reaction proceeds through the formation of cyclic organotitanium derivatives. The reaction between 1-alkynylphosphines and Et2Zn in the presence of catalytic amounts of Ti(O-iPr)4 and EtMgBr leads to trisubstituted 1-alkenylphosphine oxides with high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity.
A role for tyrosine kinase activation in interleukin-1β induced nitric oxide production in the insulin producing cell line RINm-5F (1994)

The aim of this investigation was to study the putative role of protein phosphorylation in interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) induced signal transduction in insulin producing cells. For this purpose, insulin producing RINm-5F cells were exposed to IL-1 beta for 7 hours with or without different agonists and antagonists to protein kinases and phosphatases and the production of nitrite was subsequently determined. It has been shown earlier that IL-1 beta will stimulate the production of nitrite in such cells. It was found that EDTA, TPA and staurosporine did not affect IL-1 beta induced nitrite production. However, the tyrosine kinase antagonist tyrphostin inhibited, whereas sodium orthovanadate, okadaic acid and cyclosporin A, all inhibitors of protein phosphatases, potentiated IL-1 beta induced nitrite release to the medium. The tyrosine kinase antagonist genistein potentiated at a low concentration and inhibited at a high concentration the IL-1 beta effect. It is concluded that protein phosphorylation events, mediated either by protein kinases or phosphatases on both tyrosine and serine/threonine residues, may mediate or antagonize IL-1 induced signal transduction in insulin producing cells.
NFKBIA Deletion in Glioblastomas (2010)

Deletion of NFKBIA has an effect that is similar to the effect of EGFR amplification in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma and is associated with comparatively short survival.
PicXAA: greedy probabilistic construction of maximum expected accuracy alignment of multiple sequences (2010)

Accurate tools for multiple sequence alignment (MSA) are essential for comparative studies of the function and structure of biological sequences. However, it is very challenging to develop a computationally efficient algorithm that can consistently predict accurate alignments for various types of sequence sets. In this article, we introduce PicXAA (Probabilistic Maximum Accuracy Alignment), a probabilistic non-progressive alignment algorithm that aims to find protein alignments with maximum expected accuracy. PicXAA greedily builds up the multiple alignment from sequence regions with high local similarities, thereby yielding an accurate global alignment that effectively grasps the local similarities among sequences. Evaluations on several widely used benchmark sets show that PicXAA constantly yields accurate alignment results on a wide range of reference sets, with especially remarkable improvements over other leading algorithms on sequence sets with local similarities. PicXAA source code is freely available at: http://www.ece.tamu.edu/~bjyoon/picxaa/.
WNW Trending Lineament and Criteria of Left-Lateral Displacement Around Haman-Uiryeong, Korea (2008)

Two half circular structures are developed in the northern and southern blocks which divided by the WNW-trending lineament around Uiryeong-Haman area, southern part of the Gyeongsang basin. By displacing one half circular structure to the other one about 750 m, a perfect circular structure is reconstructed. Thus the WNW-trending lineament is a left-lateral fault displacing the circular structure. The NNW trending ridges are dragged with anticlockwise sense near the WNW-trending fault, which indicates also the existence of a sinistral movement.
Development of high-performance blue–violet-emitting organic electroluminescent devices (2001)

Two high-performance blue-violet-emitting organic electroluminescent devices with electroluminescence peaking at 404 and 415 nm were developed using a hole-blocking amorphous molecular material, 1,3,5-tris(4-fluorobiphenyl-4′-yl)benzene, and emitting amorphous molecular materials, N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine and N,N′-di(4-biphenylyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine. The devices show maximum luminaces of 3960 cd m−2 at 15 V and 2550 cd m−2 at 12.0 V, having turn-on voltages of 4.0 V and external quantum efficiencies of 1.40% and 1.25%.
Cornea-Soft Contact Lens Interaction: A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study (1989)

Because 31P NMR (phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy can detect phosphorus metabolites and more than 90% of them reside in corneal epithelium, we applied this technique to the examination of the metabolic response of the cornea (epithelium) to soft contact lens (CL) wear. Our results showed that 4 h of soft CL (59% water) wear caused a 50% loss of ATP, and both ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr) decreased drastically if the eyes were closed. Topical application of 5.5 mM glucose to CL-fitted eyes restored the 31P profile to nearly normal. Possible approaches for maintaining corneal health are discussed.
Energy Analysis of City and Intercity Electric Buses and their Battery Size Requirements (2021)

The limited driving range (DR) of battery-electric buses (BEB) is the main barrier preventing their wide deployment. The bus operating conditions (driving conditions, passenger occupancy, and weather conditions) directly impact its energy needs and battery size requirements, and thus affect the BEB DR. For this sake, it is important to evaluate the BEB energy consumption in detail. This paper provides a comprehensive energy analysis for city and intercity battery-electric buses under real-world operating conditions. The analysis helps in properly sizing the battery based on the bus's real-world energy needs. The results show that there is room to significantly reduce the required battery size for the city bus, unlike intercity buses.