gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and COVID-19: a population-based cohort study (2021)

Multiple myeloma (MM) patients have increased risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) when infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), the precursor of MM has been associated with immune dysfunction which may lead to severe COVID-19. No systematic data have been published on COVID-19 in individuals with MGUS. We conducted a large population-based cohort study evaluating the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 among individuals with MGUS. We included 75,422 Icelanders born before 1976, who had been screened for MGUS in the Iceland Screens Treats or Prevents Multiple Myeloma study (iStopMM). Data on SARS-CoV-2 testing and COVID-19 severity were acquired from the Icelandic COVID-19 Study Group. Using a test-negative study design, we included 32,047 iStopMM participants who had been tested for SARS-CoV-2, of whom 1754 had MGUS. Among these participants, 1100 participants, tested positive, 65 of whom had MGUS. Severe COVID-19 developed in 230 participants, including 16 with MGUS. MGUS was not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (Odds ratio (OR): 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81-1.36; p = 0.72) or severe COVID-19 (OR: 0.99; 95%CI: 0.52-1.91; p = 0.99). These findings indicate that MGUS does not affect the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 or the severity of COVID-19.
CPA-free femtosecond thin disk Yb: KYW regenerative amplifier with high repetition rate (2004)

We report of an Yb:KYW thin disk amplifier system to provide ultra short pulses with high energies at high repetition rates. The thin disk concept uses large laser beam cross sections to avoid high peak intensities. Without using the chirped pulse amplification technique, pulse energies of about 100 µJ with pulse durations of 750 fs were generated at repetition rates of up to 45 kHz. Gires-Tournois interferometer mirrors are used in the amplifier resonator to avoid pulse stretching during amplification.
The Study of Patent Prior Art Retrieval Using Claim Structure and Link Analysis (2010)

Prior art retrieval plays an important role in patent examination. If a patent examiner can quickly and accurately retrieve prior art for an application patent, s/he will be able to efficiently and effectively judge the novelty of an application patent, and in turn, avoid hampering the technology development of the application domain. Moreover, in order to avoid losing tangible and intangible assets caused by patent infringement, companies need to search patent prior art before doing technology development. However, the increasing number of patents is not seen only in quantity but also in complexity. Bewaring the emerging need of prior art retrieval from large patent databases, the main objective of this study is to develop a methodology to effectively identify patent prior art. The developed prior art search framework firstly transforms claim sentences into the claim tree to represent the hierarchy of claimed elements, and then use the specification in patents to expand the terms in nodes of the claim tree. Finally, we calculate the similarity of claim trees and use the threshold to identify the most relevant patents as prior art. The prior art identified by the generated system was compared in recall, precision, and F-measure with those identified by the patent examiner. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed prior art retrieval system.
Longer lying position causes lower LF/HF of heart rate variability during ambulatory monitoring (2016)

Low-frequency-to-high-frequency ratio (LF/HF) of heart rate variability has been used as a maker of stress or sympathetic predominance in cardiac autonomic activity. Laboratory studies, however, indicate that LF/HF increases with standing and decreases with lying. We hypothesized that LF/HF in ambulatory monitoring is associated with the ratio of time in lying position during the monitoring (lying ratio). We examined this hypothesis using 47,624 ambulatory 24-h electrocardiograms recorded with 3-axis accelerograms in a large database of Allostatic State Mapping by Ambulatory ECG Repository (ALLSTAR) project. We found that LF/HF decreases with advancing lying ratio even after adjustment for the effects of age.
Municipal Landfill Leachate Treatment Using the Combined Action of Activated Carbon and Ozone (2013)

A municipal landfill leachate was treated only with ozone, only with activated carbon and by a combined action of activated carbon and ozone. It is shown that the best results in terms of COD (Chemical Oxygen demand) reduction, color improvement, removal of the transition metals and final sterilization of the treated water derived from the leachate can be achieved by combining the activated carbon treatment with the ozonolysis, reserving the latter as the final step of the treatment so that the water from leachate is produced completely sterilized. The COD can be brought down to less than 10% of the starting value found in the pristine leachate together with a complete removal of the transition metals and the best possible color improvement from the original brown and turbid of the pristine leachate to the water-white color of the resulting purified water.
Location Modeling for Ubiquitous Computing Based on the Spatial Information Management Technology (2006)

Location modeling, a basis of location-aware applications, is a critical area of research in ubiquitous computing and related applications. In particular, location is a key element of contexts in architectural space. It should be defined through the comprehension of the physical environment, as the locations of users or objects are not merely numerical coordinates; they refer to situations related to the physical contexts of the users or objects. In other words, a location model for architectural space should be based on the simplification of the physical environment, the consideration of various changes, and the particular relationships among spatial data. These issues have been studied experimentally in the fields of CAAD (Computer Aided Architectural Design) research, and the results can be applied to a ubiquitous computing system. This paper draws upon CAAD theory to propose a location model and utilization method for ubiquitous computing in architectural space. At the end of the paper we present the CAAD system ″Vitruius″, designed to define architectural spaces appropriately and manage them easily for the ubiquitous computing environment.
Tree-Structured Polyhedral Invariant Set Calculations (2019)

This letter provides a description of how hierarchical dependencies between inequalities can be exploited in order to efficiently calculate polyhedral approximations of maximal robust positive invariant sets using geometrically motivated methods. Due to the hierarchical dependencies, the calculations of preimage sets and minimal representations can be alleviated. It is also shown that as a byproduct from the calculations of minimal representations, a stopping criterion is obtained, which means that the commonly used subset test is superfluous.
Cryo-EM Structure of a Fully Glycosylated Soluble Cleaved HIV-1 Envelope Trimer (2013)

The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer contains the receptor binding sites and membrane fusion machinery that introduce the viral genome into the host cell. As the only target for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), Env is a focus for rational vaccine design. We present a cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction and structural model of a cleaved, soluble Env trimer (termed BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140) in complex with a CD4 binding site (CD4bs) bnAb, PGV04, at 5.8 angstrom resolution. The structure reveals the spatial arrangement of Env components, including the V1/V2, V3, HR1, and HR2 domains, as well as shielding glycans. The structure also provides insights into trimer assembly, gp120-gp41 interactions, and the CD4bs epitope cluster for bnAbs, which covers a more extensive area and defines a more complex site of vulnerability than previously described.
Human B cell activation: Selective sensitivity of the early stages to calcium channel‐blocking drugs (1986)

The importance of Ca2+ in the early events of lymphocyte activation has been suggested by several studies. We examined the effect of calcium channel-blocking drugs (verapamil and nitrendipine) on the progression of human B cells through their activation cycle. Our results show that these drugs suppress the anti-mu-induced human B cell proliferation and interfere with the early events of the B cell activation in a dose-dependent fashion. This suppression correlates with a marked decrease in anti-mu-induced 45Ca2+ uptake. Calcium channel-blocking drugs inhibit the anti-mu-induced uridine incorporation and the appearance of the activation marker defined by the 4F2 monoclonal antibody. Calcium channel-blocking drugs also inhibit B cell proliferation induced by the costimulation with anti-mu antibody and B cell growth factor (BCGF). However, this inhibition takes place at the early (anti-mu-dependent) stage of B cell activation: the BCGF-dependent proliferation of in vitro anti-mu-activated B cells is only marginally inhibited. Finally the proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cell lines is resistant to the effect of calcium channel-blocking drugs.
Analysis of Rat Vestibular Hair Cell Development and Regeneration Using Calretinin as an Early Marker (1997)

Despite increased interest in inner ear hair cell regeneration, it is still unclear what exact mechanisms underlie hair cell regeneration in mammals because of our limited understanding of hair cell development and the lack of specific hair cell markers. In this report, we studied hair cell development using immunohistochemistry on sections prepared from embryonic day (E) 13 to postnatal day 7 rat inner ear tissues. Of many epithelial, neuronal, and glial markers, we found that calcium-binding protein antibodies recognizing calretinin, calmodulin, or parvalbumin labeled immature hair cells in rat vestibular end organs. In particular, calretinin antiserum labeled the initial differentiating hair cells at E15, a stage immediately after the terminal mitosis of hair cell progenitors. The selective immunoreactivity of postmitotic presumptive hair cells, but not supporting cells or peripheral epithelial cells, was confirmed in utricular epithelial sheet cultures. Double labeling with calretinin and bromodeoxyuridine antibodies in long-term cultures showed that only a few mitotic utricular supporting cells became calretinin positive. Thus, although proliferation-mediated regeneration of new hair cells might directly contribute to hair cell regeneration in rat utricles after injury, it is very limited. In addition, double labeling with calretinin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) revealed that differentiated hair cells underwent apoptosis during normal development at late embryonic and early postnatal stages in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, these experiments lay the groundwork for the time course of differentiation, regeneration, and apoptosis of mammalian vestibular hair cells. This work also suggests that calcium-binding proteins are useful markers for studies on inner ear hair cell differentiation and regeneration.
Tailoring the Mechanism of the Amorphous-to-Crystalline Phase Transition of PbTiO3via Kinetically Controlled Hydrolysis (2011)

A systematic investigation of the effects of hydrolytic conditions on the development of PbTiO3 (PTO) from amorphous metal–organic matrices is reported. Metal–organic matrices were obtained using a novel hydrolytic approach which relies on the kinetically controlled delivery of water vapor at the gas–liquid interface of a Pb–Ti alkoxide precursor. Crystallization was induced via standard thermal treatment and followed using X-ray diffraction, visible Raman spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. It was found that the mechanism of the amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition is controlled by the rate and extent of hydrolysis and polycondensation of the Pb–Ti alkoxide: faster and extended hydrolysis favors an amorphous-to-pyrochlore-to-perovskite transition, whereas slower and less extended hydrolysis favors a direct amorphous-to-perovskite transition. The rate and extent of hydrolysis were found to have a significant impact on the magnitude of the tetragonal distortion of the perovskite unit cell as well. Optimization of hydrolytic conditions allowed for well-crystallized, phase pure, tetragonal PTO to be obtained at temperatures as low as 500 °C via a direct amorphous-to-perovskite phase transition. Differences observed in the mechanism of perovskite phase formation are explained in terms of the differential dependence of the dynamics of lead and titanium atoms on hydrolytic conditions, the former being significantly more affected than the latter. Because long-range redistribution of lead atoms is the rate-determining step of the perovskite phase formation, this finding has implications for the design of metal–organic precursors and hydrolytic approaches targeting the preparation of lead-containing functional perovskite oxides.
Laser-fired contacts - transfer of a simple high efficiency process scheme to industrial production (2002)

Laser-fired Contacts (LFC) have just recently been proposed as a simple way to realize local contacting for a passivated rear surface. Efficiencies above 20% have been reported for this technology. This work aims to assess the current status of the transfer of this process scheme to industrial production. The application of laser-fired contacts to 2 /spl Omega//spl euro/cm silicon wafers yielding an open circuit voltage of more than 660 mV clearly indicates the formation of a local aluminum back surface field. A newly developed pilot type laser system with automated wafer handling is presented. Due to the use of scanning mirrors for the movement of the laser beam the LFC process time is reduced to just a few seconds per wafer. Finally the most important criteria for an industrial transfer are discussed in comparison to the standard Aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF), being the benchmark for any other rear surface passivation scheme up to now.
para-Nitroaniline-functionalized chromophoric organic–inorganic hybrid materials (2012)

An advanced procedure for the one-pot synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid materials via combination of sol–gel process and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction (SNAr) of 4-fluoronitrobenzene and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is described. With this advanced procedure both SNAr-reaction and sol–gel process can be accomplished in the same reaction vessel due to the sol–gel precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) acting as solvent during the first reaction step. Via extensive NMR spectroscopic studies it is proven for the first time that—contrary to common belief—hydrogen fluoride (HF), which is formed as a by-product in the SNAr-reaction, is not trapped by any bases present but is rather trapped by both of the silane species and serves as a catalyst during the subsequent sol–gel process. The chromophoric system of the resulting xerogels is well protected against aggressive chemicals, i.e. strong acids, by the silica matrix, which predestines these materials for pigment applications. Given that a high chromophore content is highly desirable in these applications, we show that the chromophore content of the final xerogel can be varied by modification of the organosilicon precursor : TEOS ratio or by using trialkoxy-silanes bearing two or three amino functions, whereby the latter option is more favourable. Monodisperse core–shell particles with identical chromophore content but consisting of a pure silica-core and a p-nitroaniline functionalized shell with a diameter of about 200 nm can also be prepared using this advanced procedure.
Using Security Posture Assessment to Grant Access to Enterprise Network Resources (2013)

This memo documents a sampling of use cases for securely aggregating
configuration and operational data and assessing that data to
determine an organization's security posture. From these
operational use cases, we can derive common functional capabilities
and requirements to guide development of vendor-neutral, interoperable
standards for aggregating and assessing data relevant to security
posture.
Figure S6 from Secretory Autophagy in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promotes Head and Neck Cancer Progression and Offers a Novel Therapeutic Target (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Examples of Electron Microscopy Autophagosomes&lt;/p&gt;
Resonances of dynamical checkerboard states in Josephson arrays with self-inductance (1997)

We study the dynamics of fully frustrated, underdamped Josephson arrays. Experiments reveal remarkable similarities among the dc current-voltage characteristics of several kinds of square and triangular arrays, where two resonant voltages are observed. Simulations indicate that a dynamical checkerboard solution underlies these similarities. By assuming such a solution, we reduce the governing equations to three coupled pendulum equations, and thereby calculate the voltages of the intrinsic resonances analytically.
Regulation by calcium of proliferation and morphology of normal human tracheobronchial epithelial cell cultures (1990)

ABSTRACT Human tracheobronchial epithelial cells have been serially passaged in serum-free medium. This serumfree model was employed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Ca2+ (0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) on multiplication and morphology of the cells. The responses were analysed in terms of growth kinetics, histochemical and ultrastructural alterations. Culturing of the cells in high Ca2+ (1.0-2.0mM) medium stimulated cell multiplication characterized by increased colony forming efficiency, greater number of cells per colony and cell population doublings per day. Additionally, the high Ca2+ concentrations induced proliferation in cultures grown to confluency in low Ca2+, (0.1 mM) medium. Cells propagated in low Ca2+ medium consisted of relatively heterogeneous cell populations, with mosteells staining positive with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent. Ultrastructurally the cells exhibited secretory vesicles and microvilli on their surfaces, small desmosomes and intercellular interdigitation between cells and numerous large secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm. The cells grown in high Ca2+ medium acquired characteristics of a highly proliferative phenotype. The cultures consisted of closely packed, relatively homogeneous cells that did not stain with PAS reagent. Their characteristic features were: absence of surface secretory vesicles, reductions of microvilli and intercellular interdigitations, and increases in size and number of desmosomal junctions. The results show that low Ca2+ in the culture medium inhibits cell multiplication and favors the secretory cell phenotype, while high Ca2+ levels stimulate cell multiplication and inhibit the secretory cell phenotype.
Functional and structural adaptations of the coronary macro- and microvasculature to regular aerobic exercise by activation of physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms: ESC Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology and Microcirculation position paper (2021)

Regular aerobic exercise (RAEX) elicits several positive adaptations in all organs and tissues of the body, culminating in improved health and well-being. Indeed, in over half a century, many studies have shown the benefit of RAEX on cardiovascular outcome in terms of morbidity and mortality. RAEX elicits a wide range of functional and structural adaptations in the heart and its coronary circulation, all of which are to maintain optimal myocardial oxygen and nutritional supply during increased demand. Although there is no evidence suggesting that oxidative metabolism is limited by coronary blood flow (CBF) rate in the normal heart even during maximal exercise, increased CBF and capillary exchange capacities have been reported. Adaptations of coronary macro- and microvessels include outward remodelling of epicardial coronary arteries, increased coronary arteriolar size and density, and increased capillary surface area. In addition, there are adjustments in the neural and endothelial regulation of coronary macrovascular tone. Similarly, there are several adaptations at the level of microcirculation, including enhanced (such as nitric oxide mediated) smooth muscle-dependent pressure-induced myogenic constriction and upregulated endothelium-dependent/shear-stress-induced dilation, increasing the range of diameter change. Alterations in the signalling interaction between coronary vessels and cardiac metabolism have also been described. At the molecular and cellular level, ion channels are key players in the local coronary vascular adaptations to RAEX, with enhanced activation of influx of Ca2+ contributing to the increased myogenic tone (via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels) as well as the enhanced endothelium-dependent dilation (via TRPV4 channels). Finally, RAEX elicits a number of beneficial effects on several haemorheological variables that may further improve CBF and myocardial oxygen delivery and nutrient exchange in the microcirculation by stabilizing and extending the range and further optimizing the regulation of myocardial blood flow during exercise. These adaptations also act to prevent and/or delay the development of coronary and cardiac diseases.
CLARIT Experiments in Batch Filtering: Term Selection and Threshold Optimization in IR and SVM Filters. (2002)

The Clairvoyance team participated in the Filtering Track, submitting two runs in the Batch Filtering category. While we have been exploring the question of both topic modeling and ensemble filter construction (as
Influence of growth temperature on the vortex pinning properties of pulsed laser deposited YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films (2008)

Epitaxial high-temperature superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films grown on 2° miscut (001) (LaAlO3)0.3-(SrAl0.5Ta0.5O3)0.7 substrates by pulsed laser deposition show significant and systematic changes in flux pinning properties on changing the substrate temperature from 730to820°C. The bulk pinning force is highest for the 760°C growth, rising to a maximum of 4.4GN∕m3 at 77K, though there are indications that vortex pinning strength is even higher for the 730°C growth once allowance for the current-blocking effects of a-axis oriented grains is made. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscope images show that the density of antiphase boundaries, stacking faults, and edge dislocations increases strongly with decreasing growth temperature, and is highest at 730°C. In spite of the enhanced density of the pinning defects mentioned above, their vortex pinning effect is still much smaller than for insulating nanoparticles of high density and optimum size, where pinning forces can be four to five times higher.
Delay-constrained asymptotically optimal detection using signal-space partitioning (2002)

A signal-space detector estimates the channel input symbol based on the location of the finite-length observation signal in a multi-dimensional signal-space. The decision boundary is formed by a set of hyperplanes. The resulting detector structure consists of linear discriminant functions, threshold detectors, and a Boolean logic function. Our goal is to minimize the number of linear discriminant functions (hyperplanes) with the same or negligible performance loss relative to the maximum likelihood sequence detector. Given all possible fixed-length signal sequences, our procedure finds a minimal set of hyperplanes by which every pair of opposite class signals can be separated by distance no less than the prescribed minimum distance. The proposed methods are applied to practical magnetic recording channels.
Design and characterization of a p+/n-well SPAD array in 150nm CMOS process (2017)

An erratum is presented to correct a reference mistake in Table 1 in Sect. 4 of [Opt. Express25, 12765 (2017)].