gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacterial collagenases and collagen-degrading enzymes and their potential role in human disease (1996)

Free access1 June 1996 Share on Bacterial collagenases and collagen-degrading enzymes and their potential role in human diseaseAuthor: D J HarringtonAuthors Info & AffiliationsDOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.64.6.1885-1891.1996 PDF/EPUB
The importance of accounting for enhanced emissions of monoterpenes from new Scots pine foliage in models - A Finnish case study (2020)

Models to predict the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from terrestrial vegetation largely use standardised emission potentials derived from shoot enclosure measurements of mature foliage. In these models, the potential of new foliage to emit BVOCs is assumed to be similar, or up to twice as high, as that of mature foliage, and thus new conifers foliage is predicted to have a negligible to minor contribution to canopy BVOC emissions during spring time due to the small foliage mass of emerging and growing needles. Extensive observations have, however, recently demonstrated that the potential of new Scots pine needles to emit several different BVOCs can be up to about 500 times higher than that of the corresponding mature foliage. Thus, we build on these discoveries and investigate the potential impact of considering these enhanced emissions from new Scots pine foliage on estimates of monoterpene emissions and new atmospheric aerosol particle formation and their subsequent growth. We show that the importance of taking the enhanced monoterpene emission potential of new Scots pine foliage into account decreases as a function of season, tree age and latitude, and that new foliage could be responsible for the majority of the whole tree's foliage emissions of monoterpenes during spring time, independently of tree age and location. Our results suggest that annual monoterpene emission estimates from Finland would increase with up to ~25% if the enhanced emissions from new Scots pine foliage were also considered, with the majority being emitted during spring time where also new particle formation has been observed to occur most frequently. We estimate that our findings can lead to increases in predictions of the formation rates of 2 nm particles during spring time by ~75–280% in northern Finland and by ~130–870% in southern Finland. Likewise, simulated growth rates of 2–3 nm particles would increase by ~65–180% in northern Finland and by ~110–520% in southern Finland if the enhanced emissions of monoterpenes from new Scots pine foliage were explicitly considered. Since only one measurement study (Aalto et al., 2014), on which our work builds, has so far found highly pronounced emissions of monoterpenes from new Scots pine foliage compared to those of mature, we conclude that more spring time measurements of new conifers foliage are required for improving emission algorithms in biogenic emission models.
Long-Term Testing of Advanced Ceramics: Concerns, Insights, and Recommendations (1995)

Advanced ceramics have reached a level of material development to warrant serious consideration for use in advanced heat engine designs. Typically, design requirements based on service conditions may include 25,000 h lifetimes under stresses and temperatures of up to 250 MPa and 1370°C, respectively, with probabilities of failure of &lt;0.1%. To assure that materials meet these stringent requirements requires long-term testing under the service conditions. Tensile tests at 1370°C in ambient air have been conducted on silicon nitride alloys to 5,000 h with reports of 10,000 h tests for silicon carbide. To provide useful data, such long term tests must incorporate such meticulous attention to detail as: strict temperature control (±5°C); accurate temperature measurement (1% of the nominal temperature); close control of grip cooling (±0.1°C) and ambient environment (±0.25°C); stable, high resolution extensometry (±0.5 µm); reliable heating (MTBF&gt;10,000 h) and load control (gravity-controlled, dead load), and responsive data acquisition systems (12-bit, digital collection). Data thus obtained can be used as input into design codes such as NASA CARES/LIFE to predict and confirm reliability/durability.
Retention of the Structure and Function of Heparan Sulfate Biomaterials After Gamma Irradiation (2017)

Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly heterogeneous polysaccharide implicated in many important biological processes. Our previous work has demonstrated that a particular affinity-selected HS (referred to henceforth as "HS3") is capable of enhancing the osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). Here, we gamma-irradiated HS with 26 kGy of ionizing radiation to determine how this affected the structure, composition, and function. Initial structural studies were performed on a commercial preparation of HS as a proof-of-concept. Gamma irradiation of this HS preparation did not significantly alter its structure or composition compared to nonirradiated material, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular weight analysis using size exclusion chromatography, and disaccharide compositional analysis. When HS3 was gamma irradiated, no significant effect on binding affinity toward BMP2 was observed, based on competitive surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry assays. Furthermore, irradiation did not significantly affect HS3's ability to synergistically enhance the osteogenic effects of BMP2 in vitro; as measured by the relative abundance of osteogenic transcripts in transdifferentiating C2C12 murine myoblasts. Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or calcium deposition in C2C12s treated with BMP2, together with the irradiated, or nonirradiated HS3. Irradiation of HS3 incorporated into collagen type I sponges did not affect its ability to enhance BMP2-mediated ALP expression in C2C12 cells. Our data confirm that gamma irradiation is a cost-effective and viable solution for the sterilization of HS species that allows the retention of its structure and biological function. The work suggests an effective way to incorporate clinically compatible HS species into orthotic implants, scaffolds, and other medical devices for use in the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders.
Planar n-fold Beam Splitter Based on Adiabatic Light Transfer (2012)

We demonstrate the adiabatic light transfer from an input waveguide into equal intensity output channels. This concept is using reconfigurable light-induced planar waveguide structure composed of input and buffer waveguides coupled to a waveguide array.
Viscoelasticity Assessment Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Accurate Loaded CMUT Modeling (2021)

The main challenge with Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (CMUT) probes packaging is to preserve their intrinsic performances. Indeed, careful attention should be paid to the encapsulation of CMUTs and the impact of a viscoelastic acoustic loading (e.g., polymer) on the array performance. Our group developed a Boundary Element Matrix (BEM) dedicated to the acoustic coupling computation between a viscoelastic medium and a CMUT. As a complementary work, the present study aims to set up an experimental protocol to extract viscoelastic properties of different media and use them as model data inputs. This task is performed using Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) with electrical admittance measurements performed in air and in each viscoelastic medium. A complex viscosity value was obtained for vegetable oils and the tested polymer. Then, using a CMUT array, electrical impedance measurements were performed in each medium. Using the QCM extracted media properties, a very good agreement was obtained between CMUT modeling and measurements where viscoelasticity is proven to reduce inter-cell coupling effects. Full electrode loading of a highly viscous polymer overdamp the QCM resonance and highlight its first order equation limits.
Destruction of Spores on Building Decontamination Residue in a Commercial Autoclave (2006)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducted an experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial autoclave for treating simulated building decontamination residue (BDR). The BDR was intended to simulate porous materials removed from a building deliberately contaminated with biological agents such as Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) in a terrorist attack. The purpose of the tests was to assess whether the standard operating procedure for a commercial autoclave provided sufficiently robust conditions to adequately destroy bacterial spores bound to the BDR. In this study we investigated the effects of several variables related to autoclaving BDR, including time, temperature, pressure, item type, moisture content, packing density, packing orientation, autoclave bag integrity, and autoclave process sequence. The test team created simulated BDR from wallboard, ceiling tiles, carpet, and upholstered furniture, and embedded in the BDR were Geobacillus stearothermophilus biological indicator (BI) strips containing 10(6) spores and thermocouples to obtain time and temperature profile data associated with each BI strip. The results indicated that a single standard autoclave cycle did not effectively decontaminate the BDR. Autoclave cycles consisting of 120 min at 31.5 lb/in2 and 275 degrees F and 75 min at 45 lb/in2 and 292 degrees F effectively decontaminated the BDR material. Two sequential standard autoclave cycles consisting of 40 min at 31.5 lb/in2 and 275 degrees F proved to be particularly effective, probably because the second cycle's evacuation step pulled the condensed water out of the pores of the materials, allowing better steam penetration. The results also indicated that the packing density and material type of the BDR in the autoclave could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the decontamination process.
Impact of data communication on ATM (2003)

An asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)-based network, connection oriented by definition, is able to control available resources in an efficient way without quality degradation. Current data communication applications are frequently connectionless based. Since no resources are allocated, this may result in less efficient use of available resources, or in more complex protocols to eliminate quality degradation. This incompatibility of connectionless requirements over a connection-oriented network can be solved if certain requirements of the control network are met, without having more complex protocols; or by introducing more complex protocols in certain places in the network. This work identifies the constraints and the impact of ATM on data services and proposes some alternative solutions for data communication problems in an ATM network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Infiltrating neutrophils mediate the initial angiogenic switch in a mouse model of multistage carcinogenesis (2006)

Matrix metalloprotease type 9 (MMP-9) has been functionally implicated in VEGF activation, the induction and maintenance of chronic angiogenesis, and early stage tumor growth in a number of mouse models of cancer. In this article, we have identified two inflammatory cell types that are major sources of MMP-9 in the angiogenic stages of pancreatic islet carcinogenesis that unfold in RIP1-Tag2 transgenic mice. MMP-9-expressing neutrophils were predominantly found inside angiogenic islet dysplasias and tumors, whereas MMP-9-expressing macrophages were localized along the periphery of such lesions. Transient depletion of neutrophils significantly suppressed VEGF:VEGF-receptor association, a signature of MMP-9 activity, and markedly reduced the frequency of initial angiogenic switching in dysplasias. Thus infiltrating neutrophils can play a crucial role in activating angiogenesis in a previously quiescent tissue vasculature during the early stages of carcinogenesis.
Using P4 on Fixed-Pipeline and Programmable Stratum Switches (2019)

Stratum is an open source network operating system (NOS)that provides a common implementation of P4Runtime and OpenConfig interfaces for white box switches. This demonstration will show an SDN leaf-spine fabric of Stratum-enabled white box switches managed by the ONOS SDN controller. The switching chips (ASICs)and platforms will come from different vendors, but they will share a common P4-defined pipeline and set of OpenConfig models.
Determination of Lymphocyte Count Necessary for Isolating Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV) from BLV‐Infected Cattle and Correlation between Lymphocyte Count and Antibody Titre (1988)

Summary Bovine leukaemia viruses (BLVs) were isolated from 27 BLV‐infected cattle with and without leukaemia and the minimal number of lymphocytes necessary for BLV isolation was determined. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) prepared by 10‐fold serial dilution were inoculated into cultures of indicator cells and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labelled anti‐BLV serum was used to confirm virus isolation. Antibody titres for glycoprotein (gp) and protein (P) were determined by immunodiffusion test. In cattle with a low gp antibody titre for BLV, virus isolation required many lymphocytes, whereas only a few lymphocytes were needed for virus isolation from cattle with a high antibody titre. There was a very close correlation between the number of lymphocytes needed for virus isolation and the gp antibody titre (r = 0.93). Cattle with a high antibody titre appear to be more important as a contamination source than cattle with a low antibody titre in the transmission of BLV via BLV‐infected lymphocytes. Zusammenfassung Bestimmung der Lymphozytenzahl, die zur Isolierung von bovinem Leukämie‐Virus (BLV) bei BLV‐infizierten Rindern nötig ist‐Korrelation zwischen Lymphozytenzahl und Antikörpertiter Bovine Leukämie‐Viren (BLV) wurden von 27 BLV‐infizierten Rindern mit oder ohne Leukämie isoliert, und die Minimalzahl der Lymphozyten ermittelt, die zur BLV‐Isolierung nötig war. Lymphozyten aus dem peripheren Blut (PBL) wurden in 10er Schritten seriell verdünnt, auf Indikatorzellen inokuliert, und Fluoreszein‐Isothicyanat (FITC) markiertes Anti‐BLV‐Serum wurde zum Virusnachweis benutzt. Antikörpertiter gegen Glykoprotein (gp) und gegen Protein (p) wurden im Immunodiffusionstest ermittelt. Bei Rindern mit einem niedrigen gp‐Antikörpertiter gegen BLV war eine hohe Lymphozytenzahl zur Virusisolierung nötig, wogegen nur ganz wenig Lymphozyten zur Virusisolierung bei Rindern mit hohem Antikörpertiter ausreichend waren. Es gab eine enge Korrelation zwischen den zur Virusisolierung benötigten Lymphozytenzahlen und dem gp‐Antikörpertiter (r = 0.93). Rinder mit hohen Antikörpertitern scheinen eine größere Rolle als Ansteckungsquelle bei der BLV‐übertragung durch BLV‐infizierte Blutlymphozyten zu spielen als Rinder mit niedrigen Antikörpertitern.
MICROSTRUCTURE OF LENTIL SEEDS (Lens Culinaris) (1986)

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the microstructure of five cultivars of lentil seeds (Lens culinaris). Lentil cot yledons contain sphericai starch granules surrounded by protein bodies similar to starch granules and protein bodies observed in cotyledons of other food legumes. Examination of the lentil seed coat in cross - section revealed outer palisade and inner parenchyma layers characteris tic of legumes. The subepidermal layer, however, is comprised of hourglass cells and is found primarily in the area surrounding the hilum and the entire lentil seed coat is thinner than the seed coat s of most other food legumes. The surface of the lentil seed coat is uneven and covered with distinctive conical papill ae. The unique structural char acteristics of the lentil seed coat may be parti ally responsible for the decreased incidence of hardness characteristic of lentils.
Molecular Hydrogen Is Involved in Phytohormone Signaling and Stress Responses in Plants (2013)

Molecular hydrogen (H2) metabolism in bacteria and algae has been well studied from an industrial perspective because H2 is viewed as a potential future energy source. A number of clinical trials have recently reported that H2 is a therapeutic antioxidant and signaling molecule. Although H2 metabolism in higher plants was reported in some early studies, its biological effects remain unclear. In this report, the biological effects of H2 and its involvement in plant hormone signaling pathways and stress responses were determined. Antioxidant enzyme activity was found to be increased and the transcription of corresponding genes altered when the effects of H2 on the germination of mung bean seeds treated with phytohormones was investigated. In addition, upregulation of several phytohormone receptor genes and genes that encode a few key factors involved in plant signaling pathways was detected in rice seedlings treated with HW. The transcription of putative rice hydrogenase genes, hydrogenase activity, and endogenous H2 production were also determined. H2 production was found to be induced by abscisic acid, ethylene, and jasmonate acid, salt, and drought stress and was consistent with hydrogenase activity and the expression of putative hydrogenase genes in rice seedlings. Together, these results suggest that H2 may have an effect on rice stress tolerance by modulating the output of hormone signaling pathways.
Acoustofluidics 11: Affinity specific extraction and sample decomplexing using continuous flow acoustophoresis (2012)

Acoustic standing wave technology combined with ligand complexed microbeads offers a means for affinity specific selection of target analytes from complex samples. When realized in a microfluidic format we can capitalize on laminar flow and acoustic forces that can drive cells or microbeads across fluid interfaces. Given this, we have the ability to perform carrier fluid (suspending medium) exchange operations in continuous flow in microfluidic chips based solely on acoustofluidic properties. A key issue here is to ensure that a minimum of the original carrier fluid follows the cells/particles across the fluid interface. Simple processing protocols can be achieved that may outperform macroscale magnetic bead-based sample extraction or centrifugation steps, which can also be straightforwardly integrated with downstream analytical instrumentation. This tutorial outlines some basic fluidic configurations for acoustophoresis based sample decomplexing and details the different system parameters that will impact the outcome of an acoustophoresis based affinity extraction experiment or a cell medium exchange step. Examples are given of both targeted extraction of microbes and selective elusion of molecular species.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-Mediated Modulation of Lineage Diversification During Neural Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells (2007)

Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) can give rise to a broad spectrum of neural cell types. The biomedical application of ES cells will require detailed knowledge on the role of individual factors modulating fate specification during in vitro differentiation. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are known to exert a multitude of diverse differentiation effects during embryonic development. Here, we show that exposure to BMP2 at distinct stages of neural ES cell differentiation can be used to promote specific cell lineages. During early ES cell differentiation, BMP2-mediated inhibition of neuroectodermal differentiation is associated with an increase in mesoderm and smooth muscle differentiation. In fibroblast growth factor 2-expanded ES cell-derived neural precursors, BMP2 supports the generation of neural crest phenotypes, and, within the neuronal lineage, promotes distinct subtypes of peripheral neurons, including cholinergic and autonomic phenotypes. BMP2 also exerts a density-dependent promotion of astrocyte differentiation at the expense of oligodendrocyte formation. Experiments involving inhibition of the serine threonine kinase FRAP support the notion that these effects are mediated via the JAK/STAT pathway. The preservation of diverse developmental BMP2 effects in differentiating ES cell cultures provides interesting prospects for the enrichment of distinct neural phenotypes in vitro.
The Age - Metallicity Relationship for the Clusters of the Large Magellanic Cloud (1981)

Moderate dispersion spectrophotometric scans with the intensified Reticon array constructed by S. Shectman have been obtained using the du Pont telescope of the Las Campanas Observatory for 38 stars expected to be members of 15 clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Ages for these clusters are deduced from a transformation of their classification in the scheme of Searle, Wilkinson, and Bagnuolo. Abundances are derived from the scans using a crude analysis applied to computer-generated pseudoequivalent widths calibrated by identical observations of 42 stars in six galactic globular clusters and by several galactic supergiants. A strong age-metallicity relationship is found and the chemical history of the LMC is discussed. Unlike the solar neighborhood or galactic halo, simple models of chemical evolution are adequate to fit our derived age-abundance correlation.
Increased energy expenditure during posture maintenance and exercise in early Parkinson disease (2017)

Resting energy expenditure is normal in Parkinson disease. However, energy expenditure increases during physical activity and even during the maintenance of unsupported posture among patients with Parkinson disease.
Local Non-Rigid Structure-from-Motion from Locally Diffeomorphic Mappings (2020)

We propose a new formulation to the non-rigid structure-from-motion problem that only requires the deforming surface to meaning that its differential structure is preserved. This is a much weaker assumption than the traditional ones of isometry or conformality. We show that it is nevertheless sufficient to establish local correspondences between the surface in two different images and therefore to perform point-wise reconstruction using only up to first-order derivatives. We formulate differential constraints and solve them algebraically using the theory of resultants. We will demonstrate that our approach is more widely applicable, more stable in noisy and sparse imaging conditions and much faster than earlier ones, while delivering similar accuracy. The code is available at https//github.com/cvlab-epf1/diff-nrsfm/.
Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli. Isolation and primary structure of the gltX gene and homology with other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. (1986)

The gltX gene encoding the glutamyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli and adjacent regulatory regions was isolated and sequenced. The structural gene encodes a protein of 471 amino acids whose molecular weight is 53,810. The codon usage is that of genes highly expressed in E. coli. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the gltX gene was confirmed by mass spectrometry of large peptides derived from the glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. The observed peptides confirm 73% of the predicted sequence, including the NH2-terminal and the COOH-terminal segments. Sequence homology between the glutamyl-tRNA synthetase and other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of E. coli was found in four segments. Three of them are aligned in the same order in all the synthetases where they are present, but the intersegment spacings are not constant; these ordered segments may come from a progenitor to which other domains were added. Starting from the NH2-end, the first two segments are part of a longer region of homology with the glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase, without need for gaps; its size, about 100 amino acids, is typical of a single folding domain. In the first segment, containing sequences homologous to the HIGH consensus, the homology is consistent with the following evolutionary linkage: gltX----glnS----metS----ileS and tyrS.
Supplementary Figure 11 from Mechanistic Elucidation of the Antitumor Properties of Withaferin A in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 80KB, Supplementary Figure 11 WFA is a potent inducer of Death receptor 5 in breast cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;