gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Deformable Cell Separation in a Microchannel with Sequenced Pillars (2021)

Abstract Embedded pillar microstructures are an efficient approach for controlling and sculpting shear flow in a microchannel but have not yet demonstrated to be effective for deformability‐based cell separation and sorting. Although simple pillar configurations (lattice, line sequence) work well for size‐based separation of rigid particles, these have a low separation efficiency for circulating cells. The objective of this study is to optimize sequenced microstructures for separation of deformable cells. This is achieved by numerical analysis of pairwise cell migration in a microchannel with multiple pillars, where size, longitudinal spacing, and lateral location as well as the cell elasticity and size vary. This study reveals two basic pillar configurations optimized for deformability‐based separation: “duplet” that consists of two closely spaced pillars positioned far below the centerline and above the centerline halfway to the wall; and “triplet” composed of three widely spaced pillars located below, above and at the centerline, respectively. The duplet configuration is well suited for deformable cell separation in short channels, whereas the triplet or a combination of duplets and triplets provides even better separation in long channels. These optimized pillar microstructures can dramatically improve microfluidic methods for sorting and isolation of blood and rare circulating tumor cells.
Anemia and functional capacity in elderly Brazilian hospitalized patients (2013)

This study evaluated the association between anemia and physical functional capacity in a cross-sectional population-based sample of 709 hospitalized elderly patients aged 60 years and over admitted to the Madre Teresa Hospital, Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Mann-Whitney or "t" test, and chi-square or Fisher exact test were used for quantitative and categorical variables, respectively, and hierarchical binary logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors. The presence of anemia was found in 30% of participants and was significantly associated with decreased functionality according to the two measures which were used - ADL (activities of daily living) and IADL (instrumental activities of daily living). Anemia was also independently associated with older age. The results of this study demonstrate a strong association between the presence of anemia and lower levels of functional capacity. Further investigations are needed to assess the impact of anemia treatment on the functionality and independence of older people.
A randomized trial to study first-line combination therapy with or without a protease inhibitor in HIV-1-infected patients (2003)

A comparable virological response can be achieved with first-line PI-base and PI-sparing regimens. The triple nucleoside regimen utilized may be less likely to result in viral suppression to < 50 copies/ml, while the nevirapine-based regimen is associated with a lower increase in CD4 T lymphocytes.
Induction of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-5 Expression in Mast Cells Is Inhibited by Glucocorticoids (1998)

Inflammation in asthma and other allergic diseases is characterized by excessive production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and the influx of leukocytes, especially eosinophils. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-5 are essential for IgE production and eosinophilia, respectively, and are produced by mast cells in allergic conditions, for which glucocorticoids are widely used therapeutically. We assessed the effect of glucocorticoids on IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA production by the RBL-2H3 cell line, an analog of mucosal mast cells. IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were induced by an antigen that is used to cross-link receptor bound IgE, by calcium ionophore, or by ionophore with phorbol ester and were markedly inhibited by dexamethasone. In cells activated with ionophore and phorbol ester, 10(-6) M dexamethasone reduced the IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA levels to only 12.8 and 5.7%, respectively, of those in cells without dexamethasone, and 10(-9) M dexamethasone caused reductions to 27 and 56%, respectively. Hydrocortisone at 10(-6) and 10(-7) M almost completely inhibited IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA production. Dexamethasone was markedly inhibitory even if it was added after the cells were activated, provided that it was present in the cultures for at least 1.5 h. These studies indicate that the expression of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs by mast cells is highly sensitive to glucocorticoids. The data suggest that these inhibitory effects may contribute to the clinical efficacy of glucocorticoids in the therapy of allergic diseases.
Low Mr tropomyosin isoforms from chicken brain and intestinal epithelium have distinct actin-binding properties. (1986)

Tropomyosin isoforms of the low Mr class were isolated from chicken intestinal epithelium and brain, and their physical and functional properties were characterized. Tropomyosin from each tissue contains four distinct polypeptides, all of about 32,000 daltons. In two-dimensional gels, brain tropomyosin contains two major and two minor polypeptides; the major epithelium isoforms coelectrophorese with the two minor brain isoforms. Conversely, only small amounts of the major brain isoforms are detected in the epithelium. Actin-binding properties of brain tropomyosin isoforms are distinct from those of the intestinal epithelium. At 2.5 mM MgCl2 and physiological ionic strength, the intestinal epithelial tropomyosin binds to filamentous actin with an apparent Ka of 8 X 10(6) M-1 whereas brain tropomyosin has an apparent Ka of 8 X 10(5) M-1. Tropomyosin from either tissue binds actin cooperatively with a Hill coefficient of 2.3 for intestinal epithelial cell and 1.95 for brain tropomyosin. Isoforms from both tissues exhibit reduced head-to-tail polymerizability as compared to muscle tropomyosin. The actin-binding properties of intestinal epithelial cell tropomyosin are therefore similar to those of the muscle tropomyosins even though the isoforms have lower molecular weight, a paracrystal structure, and reduced head-to-tail polymerizability typical of the other nonmuscle tropomyosins. These results indicate that a heterogeneity of functional properties may be expressed among the low Mr tropomyosin isoforms.
Land and Groove Recording for High Track Density on Phase-Change Optical Disks (1993)

We have proposed a high-track-density optical recording method, which records signals on both the land area and groove area. From a computer simulation based on the scalar diffraction theory, we found that crosstalk between recording tracks depends on the groove depth, and is most reduced at the groove depth of 80 nm∼90 nm for a laser wavelength of 780 nm, a numerical aperture of 0.55 and a track pitch of 0.8 µm. Applying this method to a phase-change optical disk, we experimentally confirmed that crosstalk depends on the groove depth and obtained a crosstalk level of less than -32 dB for a groove depth of 64 nm to 78 nm and 0.9 µm length marks. In order to prove that this recording method can be used for rewritable media, we also measured change of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) when signals were repeatedly recorded on an adjacent track. The reduction of CNR after 1000 repetitions of writing was less than 2 dB for a linear velocity of 5 m/s.
Synthesis of Wrapping Cams (1992)

Abstract This paper describes a technique for synthesizing a force generating mechanism composed of a cam wrapped by a belt or chain. Such mechanisms will hereafter be referred to as “wrapping cams.” Synthesis methods for two cases of this mechanism are presented. In the simplest case, the cam is wrapped by a belt or chain under constant tensile force, producing a non-linear torque at the cam. In the second case, the cam is under constant torque, producing a non-linear belt or chain force. While wrapping cams are far less common than cams that generate a specified follower displacement function, applications exist in counter-balancing mechanisms, exercise equipment, and process machines.
Extraction of Microservices from Monolithic Software Architectures (2017)

Driven by developments such as mobile computing, cloud computing infrastructure, DevOps and elastic computing, the microservice architectural style has emerged as a new alternative to the monolithic style for designing large software systems. Monolithic legacy applications in industry undergo a migration to microservice-oriented architectures. A key challenge in this context is the extraction of microservices from existing monolithic code bases. While informal migration patterns and techniques exist, there is a lack of formal models and automated support tools in that area. This paper tackles that challenge by presenting a formal microservice extraction model to allow algorithmic recommendation of microservice candidates in a refactoring and migration scenario. The formal model is implemented in a web-based prototype. A performance evaluation demonstrates that the presented approach provides adequate performance. The recommendation quality is evaluated quantitatively by custom microservice-specific metrics. The results show that the produced microservice candidates lower the average development team size down to half of the original size or lower. Furthermore, the size of recommended microservice conforms with microservice sizing reported by empirical surveys and the domain-specific redundancy among different microservices is kept at a low rate.
Optimal Joint Channel Estimation and Data Detection by L1-norm PCA for Streetscape IoT (2020)

We prove, for the first time in the literature of communication theory and machine learning, the equivalence of joint maximum-likelihood (ML) optimal channel estimation and data detection (JOCEDD) to the problem of finding the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm principal components of a real-valued data matrix. Optimal algorithms for L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm principal component analysis (PCA) are therefore direct solvers to the problem of interest, thus the proposed JOCEDD approach requires a polynomial number of operations. To avoid high computational costs incurred by the exact calculation of optimal L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> principal components, we implement an efficient bit flipping-based algorithm for L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm PCA in a software-defined radio. In particular, we carry out experiments with two radios that operate at Wi-Fi frequencies in a multipath indoor radio environment and have no direct line-of-sight. We apply L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm PCA for JOCEDD over short frames that are transmitted over the single-input single-output communication link. We compare the performance of supervised data-aided channel estimation techniques versus JOCEDD in terms of bit-error-rate and demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach across a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios.
Build-up functionalization of anti-EGFR × anti-CD3 bispecific diabodies by integrating high-affinity mutants and functional molecular formats (2020)

Designing non-natural antibody formats is a practical method for developing highly functional next-generation antibody drugs, particularly for improving the therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatments. One approach is constructing bispecific antibodies (bsAbs). We previously reported a functional humanized bispecific diabody (bsDb) that targeted epidermal growth factor receptor and CD3 (hEx3-Db). We enhanced its cytotoxicity by constructing an Fc fusion protein and rearranging order of the V domain. In this study, we created an additional functional bsAb, by integrating the molecular formats of bsAb and high-affinity mutants previously isolated by phage display in the form of Fv. Introducing the high-affinity mutations into bsDbs successfully increased their affinities and enhanced their cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. However, there were some limitations to affinity maturation of bsDb by integrating high-affinity Fv mutants, particularly in Fc-fused bsDb with intrinsic high affinity, because of their bivalency. The tetramers fractionated from the bsDb mutant exhibited the highest in vitro growth inhibition among the small bsAbs and was comparable to the in vivo anti-tumor effects of Fc-fused bsDbs. This molecule shows cost-efficient bacterial production and high therapeutic potential.
Low Efficacy of Single-Dose Albendazole and Mebendazole against Hookworm and Effect on Concomitant Helminth Infection in Lao PDR (2012)

Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN29126001.
Aging and falls: causes and prevention. (2008)

Studies on age-related changes in neurophysiological and sensory systems date back to the early 19 th century. In general, the many studies undertaken since then have found that for each system studied, age-related functional declines commence in the third decade, and accelerate in older age. However, the extent of such changes is markedly affected by the varying test procedures and definitions of the normal aged individual used in each study. If the selection criteria include only older subjects who are not disadvantaged by poor health or inactivity, are at ease in a laboratory setting and have a high level of motivation for the task, only small age-related increases are observed. Small age-differences are also observed if the tasks required are relatively simple. If the selection criteria are relaxed, or if the tasks are more difficult, greater changes in performance with age have been observed. This paper reviews the published studies on age-related changes in vision, vestibular function, peripheral sensation, strength, reaction time and balance. It also presents findings of work we have undertaken on the inter-relationships among these physiological systems, their contributions to stability and gait, and the role that impairments in these systems play in predisposing older people to fall. A range of screening and assessment tools will be described including the Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA) 1 . The PPA makes use of normative data derived from large population studies for assessing vision, peripheral sensation, lower limb strength, reaction time and balance. This information is then used to derive a falls risk index score and a physiological profile for identifying specific physiological deficits that require targeted interventions for reducing fall risk. Examples of how the falls risk index score and components have been used in falls prevention randomized control trials and health care settings will be described. Our findings indicate that it is feasible to obtain quantitative measurements of important neurophysiological and sensory systems, and to use these assessments to identify older people at risk of poor outcomes such as falls and institutional placement, and to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention programs aimed at maximizing physical functioning and independence in old age.
Surface anchoring as a control parameter for stabilizing torons, skyrmions, twisted walls, fingers and their hybrids in chiral nematics (2019)

Chiral condensed matter systems, such as liquid crystals and magnets, exhibit a host of spatially localized topological structures that emerge from the medium's tendency to twist and its competition with confinement and field coupling effects. We show that the strength of perpendicular surface boundary conditions can be used to control the structure and topology of solitonic and other localized field configurations. By combining numerical modeling and three-dimensional imaging of the director field, we reveal structural stability diagrams and inter-transformation of twisted walls and fingers, torons and skyrmions and their crystalline organizations upon changing boundary conditions. Our findings provide a recipe for controllably realizing skyrmions, torons and hybrid solitonic structures possessing features of both of them, which will aid in fundamental explorations and technological uses of such topological solitons. Moreover, we discuss how other material parameters can be used to determine soliton stability, and how similar principles can be systematically applied to other liquid crystal solitons, and solitons in other material systems.
TNM seventh edition: What's new, what's changed (2010)

The seventh edition of the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors contains several new and modified component classifications. The purpose of this communication was to briefly summarize these changes.
Covariance Analysis-guided Energy Storage System Deployment for Available Transfer Capability Enhancement (2022)

The high variability introduced by renewable generation may lead to a reduction of the available transfer capability (ATC). In this paper, a novel conceptual method of ATC enhancement is proposed which improves the ATC by reducing the variance of the total transfer capability (TTC). Compared to the conventional methods that aim to shift the mean of TTC to the right, the proposed method can improve the utilization of transmission assets. The nucleus of the proposed method lies in a developed algorithm that can identify the most influential random variables to the variation of TTC. As such, smoothing out the power fluctuations of the main contributors will reduce the variance of TTC most effectively. Numerical study on the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS) is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed method.
On-orbit characterization of space solar cells on nano-satellites (2016)

The Aerospace Corporation has been building, testing, and flying miniature satellites in the pico-and nano-satellite class for over a decade. Significant advances have been made to the bus avionics unit and other satellite subsystems during this time. The advances have enabled various on-orbit tests and experiments, one of which has been to host space solar cell experiment payloads. Recent solar cell flight experiments on Aerospace's CubeSats (AeroCubes) demonstrated several subsystems can simultaneously operate to obtain precise measurements of space solar cell performance. Low cost, rapid return CubeSat missions can be valuable development tools for advancing the readiness level of space technologies.
A Tailored-Contour Aperture for Cellular Electrophysiology (2007)

We present a fast and easy fabrication method to create an hourglass-shaped aperture for cellular electrophysiology. A series of short pulses of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> laser were applied to drill on borosilicate cover glass. Special reflow phenomenon of melted glass occurred at the rear of the surface resulted in the unique tailored-contour aperture. Smooth and debris-free surface of the aperture reveals the capability of planar patch-clamp application. In seal resistance characterization, calculated seal resistance was 1.2MΩ before and 862MΩ after cell attached to a 4μm aperture. These values are promising and they are most likely due to freshly activated contact surface during seal formation. This efficient and economic approach could be extended to array configuration and integrate with microfluidic system.
Human mast cell tryptase stimulates the release of an IL-8-dependent neutrophil chemotactic activity from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) (2000)

Tryptase, the major product of human mast cell activation, is a potent stimulus of vascular leakage and neutrophil accumulation in vivo in animal studies, but the mechanisms of action remain unclear. Using HUVEC cultures we have sought to investigate the potential of tryptase to alter monolayer permeability or induce the release of neutrophil chemotactic activity. Tryptase (1-100 mU/ml) failed to alter the permeability of endothelial cell monolayers as assessed by albumin flux over 1 h. However, supernatants from endothelial cells treated with tryptase (1-50 mU/ml) for a 24-h period induced neutrophil migration across Transwell filters, with maximal migration observed at 10 mU/ml tryptase. Pretreatment of tryptase with the protease inhibitor leupeptin abolished the chemotactic activity, indicating a dependence on the catalytic site. Moreover, this effect was abolished by addition of an IL-8 neutralizing antibody, suggesting that IL-8 release makes an important contribution to the chemotactic activity. The interaction of mast cell tryptase with endothelial cells could be important in stimulating the ingress of neutrophils following mast cell activation in inflammatory disease.
Recent Progress in Nonlocal Transformation Optics (2015)

We review some recent applications of our previously-introduced nonlocal-transformation-optics framework to scenarios of interest for dispersion engineering. In particular, we address the design of nonreciprocal effects (such as unidirectional propagation), as well as exotic effects such as the frozen-mode regime and Dirac-cone-type dispersion.
Phosphonic Acids. IV.1 Preparation and Reactions of β-Ketophosphonate and Enol Phosphate Esters2 (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphonic Acids. IV.1 Preparation and Reactions of β-Ketophosphonate and Enol Phosphate Esters2Herbert I. Jacobson, Martin J. Griffin, Seymour Preis, and Elwood V. JensenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 10, 2608–2612Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01567a067RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views892Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (715 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Inhibitory effects of ketamine on the isolated uteri of the rat: evidence for the mechanism of action (1983)

The inhibitory effect of ketamine on the agonist-induced contraction of isolated rat uteri was compared with that of papaverine and verapamil. Under similar experimental conditions papaverine and verapamil were found to be more potent than ketamine. When preparations were preincubated for 20 min with either ketamine (3 X 10(-5) to 10(-3) M) or papaverine (10(-6) to 10(-5) M), a noncompetitive antagonism was observed against oxytocin with pD'2 values of 3.67 +/- 0.07 and 5.13 +/- 0.10, respectively. A noncompetitive form of antagonism was also observed by papaverine against BaCl2 with pD'2 values of 4.59 +/- 0.15, while ketamine produced competitive antagonism with a pA2 value of 4.68 +/- 0.12. It was also demonstrated that all three inhibitory drugs interfere competitively with Ca2+ on the rat uteri. However, ketamine was shown to be less potent than verapamil and papaverine in antagonizing the effects owing to an increased Ca2+ concentration in the medium. These results are consistent with previous publications that ketamine has a papaverinelike effect on the rat uteri and suggest that the relaxation promoted in this preparation is due, at least in part, to blockade of the Ca2+ translocation processes.