gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF SUCROSE (1955)

The enzyme, which was named sucrose phosphorylase, has not been found in plant tissues (4), and thus the mechanism of sucrose synthesis remains obscure. Evidence obtained from tracer experiments led Buchanan et al. (5, 6) to assume that in plants sucrose phosphate is formed from UDPG’ and fructose-l-phosphate. This hypothesis stimulated work which led to the discovery of an enzyme which catalyzes sucrose synthesis according to the following reaction:
BINDERS FOR MIX RECYCLING. LONG TERM EVOLUTION ON THE ROAD --BITUMEN, FLEXIBLE AND DURABLE. 3RD EUROBITUME SYMPOSIUM 1985, THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS, SEPTEMBER 11-13, 1985 (1985)

The in-plant recycling of mixes containing high yields of reclaimed materials started in France in 1981. First, the bitumen is altered by coating and mixing, then, extra modifications are made to it during laying and once in use. The main parameters responsible for this alteration are the following: -time -depth below the road surface -void content of the mix. The penetration of the binder decreases whereas the softening point increases. The effect of the depth and void content tends to prove that the binder alteration is due to the oxygen ingress inside the mix and to its reaction with bitumen films leading to a change in the binder constitution. Thus the rejuvenating agents used in these recycling processes must, on the one hand, be able to soften the aged binders of the reclaimed materials and, on the other hand, be fully compatible with the various components (asphaltenes in particular) of these aged binders, in order to ensure a perfect durability of the recycled mixes. For this purpose, the rejuvenating agents studied by the authors had been especially formulated to contain great amounts of peptising elements (aromatics and resins) and low contents of asphaltenes. The verifications made during and after the laying of recycled mixes show that rejuvenating agents have actually softened the aged bitumens of the reclaimed mixes. From the three considered worksites, it appears that the binder of a recycled mix is slightly harder than theoretical calculations had forecast. But this discrepancy may be explained by the ageing occurred at the mixing step. The authors took an interest in studying the change of recycled binders once the latter had been several years on the road. According to the results obtained, based upon the three above mentioned sites, this change seems to be very low. This may be due to a rather high compacity of the mixes (low vim) and to the chemical constitution of the rejuvenating agents used.(a) for the covering abstract of the symposium see IRRD 815173.
FGF21 as a mediator of adaptive responses to stress and metabolic benefits of anti-diabetic drugs (2015)

Most hormones secreted from specific organs of the body in response to diverse stimuli contribute to the homeostasis of the whole organism. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone induced by a variety of environmental or metabolic stimuli, plays a crucial role in the adaptive response to these stressful conditions. In addition to its role as a stress hormone, FGF21 appears to function as a mediator of the therapeutic effects of currently available drugs and those under development for treatment of metabolic diseases. In this review, we highlight molecular mechanisms and the functional importance of FGF21 induction in response to diverse stress conditions such as changes of nutritional status, cold exposure, and exercise. In addition, we describe recent findings regarding the role of FGF21 in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes associated with obesity, liver diseases, pancreatitis, muscle atrophy, atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and diabetic nephropathy. Finally, we discuss the current understanding of the actions of FGF21 as a crucial regulator mediating beneficial metabolic effects of therapeutic agents such as metformin, glucagon/glucagon-like peptide 1 analogues, thiazolidinedione, sirtuin 1 activators, and lipoic acid.
On the Control of Lipolysis in Adipocytes (1999)

The lipolytic reaction in adipocytes is one of the most important reactions in the management of bodily energy reserves, and dysregulation of this reaction may contribute to the symptoms of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Yet, progress on resolving the molecular details of this reaction has been relatively slow. However, recent developments at the molecular level begin to paint a clearer picture of lipolysis and point to a number of unanswered questions. While HSL has long been known to be the rate-limiting enzyme of lipolysis, the mechanism by which HSL attacks the droplet lipids is not yet firmly established. Certainly, the immunocytochemical evidence showing the movement of HSL to the lipid droplet upon stimulation leaves little doubt that this translocation is a key aspect of the lipolytic reaction, but whether or not HSL phosphorylation contributes to the translocation, and at which site(s), is as yet unresolved. It will be important to establish whether there is an activation step in addition to the translocation reaction. The participation of perilipin A is indicated by the findings that this protein can protect neutral lipids within droplets from hydrolysis, but active participation in the lipolytic reaction is yet to be proved. Again, it will be important to determine whether mutations of serine residues of PKA phosphorylation sites of perilipins prevent lipolysis, and whether such modifications abolish the physical changes in the droplet surfaces that accompany lipolysis.
Specific binding of [3H]sulpiride to rat striatal preparations (1979)

Journal Article Specific binding of [3H]sulpiride to rat striatal preparations Get access A Theodorou, A Theodorou University Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry, & King's College Hospital Medical School, Denmark Hill, London SE5, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Crockett, M Crockett University Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry, & King's College Hospital Medical School, Denmark Hill, London SE5, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P Jenner, P Jenner University Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry, & King's College Hospital Medical School, Denmark Hill, London SE5, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C D Marsden C D Marsden University Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry, & King's College Hospital Medical School, Denmark Hill, London SE5, UK Correspondence: University Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry, & King's College Hospital Medical School, Denmark Hill, London SE5, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 31, Issue 1, September 1979, Pages 424–426, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1979.tb13545.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 05 April 1979 Published: 12 April 2011
Rapid two-dimensional Protein-A size exclusion chromatography of monoclonal antibodies for titer and aggregation measurements from harvested cell culture fluid samples (2019)

The success of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics have increased pharmaceutical investment in mAb production, which has led to a greater demand of technologies to efficiently characterize these biotherapeutics. The large size and heterogeneity of mAbs require the measurement of multiple critical quality attributes (CQAs) during production. The current workflow to measure CQAs of antibodies involves multiple one-dimensional liquid chromatography methods, including Protein-A (ProA), ion-exchange (IEX), reversed-phase, size exclusion (SEC), hydrophilic interaction, and hydrophobic interaction (HIC). Recent advances in commercial two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) affords an opportunity to perform two separations at once to measure multiple CQAs in a single assay. Here, we describe the development of a 2D ProA-SEC method using entirely commercially available instrumentation. Each individual separation and the transfer of material between dimensions were optimized to develop a method that measures titer and aggregation of a target antibody from harvested cell culture fluid in under 5 min. We determined the effects of each parameter of the method on mAb recovery and stability, as well as speed, robustness, resolution, and accuracy of the aggregate amount detected in the second dimension (<sup>2</sup>D). While there are still sources of error caused by hardware limitations, our rapid ProA-SEC method is an effective screening tool with a significant throughput advantage over previously described methods. Additionally, this work serves as a basis for developing other 2D-LC methods with ProA as the first dimension (<sup>1</sup>D) separation coupled with different <sup>2</sup>D separation, such as ProA-IEX and ProA-HIC.
Preparation and Properties of Difunctional Hydroxy Ketone as Photoinitiator (2013)

A new difunctional photoinitiator was synthesized with 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindane as parent through Friedel-Crafts and hydroxylation reactions.The performance of the product is more excellent than traditional small molecule photoinitiators.1HNMR and IR were applied to characterize the product.Compared with small molecule photoinitiators,the UV absorption of the new compound shifted 14 nm and migration rates in the cured film were lowered by 80% ～ 90%,and the initiator kept a good thermal stability.Meanwhile,it retains a polymerization rate as high as that of small molecule photoinitiators,indicating its superior properties.
Effect of Carbon Black Particle Size Distribution on Electrical Conductivity (1978)

Abstract Wide particle size distribution (PSD) of carbon black increases electrical conductivity, consistent with the industrial practice of manufacturing conductive grades. An explanation has been offered based on the lower linear average diameter of wider-distribution blacks. Consequently, for the same weight, there is a larger number of particles in the broad-PSD black. The resulting agglomerates are therefore more numerous, although somewhat reduced in dimension because of higher packing density. The larger number of agglomerates results in lower average gap width, which accounts for the increased electrical conductivity.
High heart rate amplifies the risk of cardiovascular mortality associated with elevated uric acid (2021)

This data suggest that the contribution of UA to determining CVM is modulated by the level of HR supporting the hypothesis that activation of the sympathetic nervous system facilitates the action of UA as a cardiovascular risk factor.
Normal and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Nitroazobenzene Submonolayers and Multilayers on Carbon and Silver Surfaces (2007)

Raman and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra were obtained for nitroazobenzene (NAB) chemisorbed on smooth and rough silver, and they were compared to published spectra for NAB on sp(2) hybridized pyrolyzed photoresist film (PPF) surfaces. High signal-to-noise ratio Raman spectra were obtained for 4.5 nm thick NAB films on PPF and smooth Ag due to significant enhancement of the NAB scattering relative to that observed in solution. The UV-Vis spectra of chemisorbed NAB exhibited a significant shift toward longer wavelength, thus bringing the NAB absorption closer to the 514.5 nm laser wavelength. The red shift was larger for PPF than for smooth Ag, consistent with the approximately 5x stronger Raman signal obtained on PPF. Deposition of Ag onto quartz without a chromium adhesion layer produced a rough Ag surface that enhanced the Raman spectrum of chemisorbed NAB by a factor of approximately 1000, as expected for roughened Ag due to electromagnetic field enhancement. The strong Raman signal permitted observation of NAB at low coverage and revealed changes in the NAB spectrum as the film progressed from submonolayer to multilayer thicknesses. Finally, deposition of Ag onto PPF/NAB samples through a metal grid produced Ag squares on top of the NAB, which enhanced the Raman scattering of the NAB layer by a factor of approximately 100. Deposition of a final conducting film on the Ag squares should permit in situ observation of a wide range of molecules in operating molecular electronic junctions.
Computation of stable wrench-feasible workspace of cable-driven n-X tensegrity manipulators (2022)

International audience
Crossover to negative dielectric response in the low-frequency spectra of metallic polymers (2003)

We report high-precision reflectance, $R(\ensuremath{\omega}),$ measurements on films of conducting polypyrrole oriented by tensile drawing. The results obtained from Kramers-Kronig analysis of $R(\ensuremath{\omega})$ demonstrate that the optical conductivity, \ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega}), becomes frequency-independent below approximately 250 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ and that there is a zero crossing in the dielectric function, \ensuremath{\varepsilon}(\ensuremath{\omega}), to negative values below 20 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. Since \ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega}) extrapolates to the dc value and since \ensuremath{\varepsilon}(\ensuremath{\omega}) is in excellent agreement with the data obtained from terahertz and microwave measurements, the controversy in the dielectric response of the metal physics of conducting polymers is finally resolved.
Molecular Mapping of Stem‐Rust‐Resistance Gene Sr40 in Wheat (2009)

ABSTRACT Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, was historically one of the most destructive diseases of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Deployment of resistant cultivars successfully prevented rust epidemics over the past several decades. Unfortunately, race TTKS (termed Ug99) has emerged in Africa to render several stem‐rust‐resistance genes ineffective. Sr40, a stem‐rust‐resistance gene from Triticum timopheevii ssp. armeniacum, was transferred to wheat on translocation chromosome T2BL/2G#2S and provides effective levels of seedling and adult plant resistance against Ug99. Two mapping populations were developed using Ug99‐resistant line RL6088 and moderately susceptible to susceptible hard winter wheat cultivars Lakin and 2174. The parents were screened with 83 simple sequence repeats (SSR) from chromosome 2B and the polymorphic markers were analyzed on F 2 populations. F 2 and F 2:3 populations were inoculated with North American stem rust race RKQQ at the seedling stage. Marker locus Xwmc344 was most closely linked to Sr40 (0.7 cM) in the RL6088/Lakin linkage map, followed by Xwmc474 and Xgwm374 Marker locus Xwmc474 was mapped ∼2.5 cM proximal to Sr40 in the RL6088/2174 population. Xwmc474 and Xwmc661 flanked Sr40 in both populations. Markers linked to Sr40 will be useful for marker‐assisted integration and pyramiding of Sr40 into elite wheat breeding lines, and reduction in the size of the T. timopheevii segment harboring this gene.
Graphene as a Permeable Ionic Barrier (2009)

Previously, we have considered electronic p-n junction as a protector of steel from corroding. Here we add graphene between the electronic barrier and metal and study its effect on the corrosion process. We compare our results to metal-graphene-polypyrrole structures. While graphene occupies only a few monolayers of carbon it has a noticeable effect on the surface potential of the metal.
Design of second-order capacitive-coupled resonator-based bandpass filter with controllable multiple transmission zeros (2012)

This study proposes synthetic design for a compact LTCC bandpass filter with high rejection over a wide stopband operating in the 3.4-3.6 GHz WIMAX band. The presented design derives formulas for synthesizing a filter to meet the specification requirement in the passband insertion and return losses as well as the stopband attenuation. The presented bandpass filter has feedback paths for a grounding inductor and a coupled capacitor to provide controllable multiple transmission zeros at stopband, which enhances the desired stopband rejection.
Establishment and Characterization of a New Canine B-Cell Leukemia Cell Line. (1996)

A new cell line derived from a spontaneous canine leukemia was established and designated GL-1. The cells have been cultured in a floating fashion and passaged for over two years. They were round with rich cytoplasm containing many rough endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria. Peroxidase staining was negative. The nuclei of many cells were round, but segmented nuclei were seen frequently. The doubling time of the cells was 27.3 hr and they had 78 chromosomes. Surface marker analysis using monoclonal antibodies (MABs) and flowcytometry revealed that GL-1 possessed CD45 and surface IgG. However, the cells did not react with MABs detecting T-cell markers. These results indicate that GL-1 has a lymphocytic lineage and is derived from a B-cell leukemia.
Branching ratio measurements of exclusiveB+decays to charmonium with the Collider Detector at Fermilab (2002)

We report on measurements of the branching ratios of the decays ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1}^{0}{(1P)K}^{+}$ and ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}},$ where ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1}^{0}(1P)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $J/\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\psi}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ in $p\overline{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.8\mathrm{TeV}.$ Using a data sample from an integrated luminosity of $110{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab we measure the branching ratios to be ${BR(B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1}^{0}{(1P)K}^{+})=15.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5.4(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5(\mathrm{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3(\mathrm{br})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and ${BR(B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=6.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1(\mathrm{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4(\mathrm{br})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ where $(\mathrm{br})$ is due to the finite precision on ${BR(B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}^{+}),$ $BR({\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1}^{0}(1P)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\gamma})$ is used to normalize the signal yield, and $(\mathrm{syst})$ encompasses all other systematic uncertainties.
Synthesis and Optimization of New 3,6-Disubstitutedindole Derivatives and Their Evaluation as Anticancer Agents Targeting the MDM2/MDMx Complex (2020)

Twelve derivatives of the general formula 3-substituted-6-chloroindoles were synthesized and tested for their growth inhibitory effects versus p53(+/+) colorectal cancer HCT116 and its p53 knockout isogenic cells; colorectal cancer cell p53(-/-) SW480; the lung cancer cell line p53(-/-) H1299; mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) p53(+/+) and its p53 knockout isogenic cells. The compounds were also evaluated for their ability to induce p53 nuclear translocation and binding to murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and murine double minute 4 (MDM4). Of these, compound 5a was the most active in inhibiting the growth of cells, with selectivity towards the p53(+/+) cell lines, and it showed stronger binding to MDM4 rather than MDM2. The activity profile of compound 5a is strongly similar to that of Nutlin-3.
Truly Stripping Functionality for Logic Locking: A Fault-Based Perspective (2020)

Logic locking is a holistic solution to counter manufacturing threats, such as intellectual property (IP) piracy and overbuilding at the hardware level. However, years of research has exposed various flaws in locking, including a Boolean satisfiability (SAT)-based attack. Consequently, several SAT-resilient locking techniques, such as SARLock, Anti-SAT, and SFLL have been proposed, although certain instances of them have also been broken by a class of attacks, called removal attack. In this article, we approach logic locking by leveraging well-known principles from very large-scale integration (VLSI) testing and elicit logic locking properties that dictate the resilience of a locking technique against different attacks. We present a revised version of SFLL, namely SFLL-rem, that not only retains all security properties of SFLL, delivering resilience to all the state-of-the-art attacks SFLL can thwart, but also to the latest removal attacks that broke some SFLL instances. Further, we develop a security-aware CAD framework integrated with industry tools that incurs only -1.5%, 0%, and 4.13% overhead for power, performance, and area, respectively. We demonstrate a silicon implementation of SFLL-rem on ARM Cortex-M0 microprocessor in 65 nm. Moreover, we provide a framework for an SoC designer to customize logic locking based on the SoC blocks and their threat models; this is illustrated by locking a multimillion-gate SoC provided by DARPA, and taking the SoC all the way to GDSII layout.
Wounding Induces the Rapid and Transient Activation of a Specific MAP Kinase Pathway. (1997)

Mechanical injury in plants induces responses that are involved not only in healing but also in defense against a potential pathogen. To understand the intracellular signaling mechanism of wounding, we have investigated the involvement of protein kinases. Using specific antibodies, we showed that wounding alfalfa leaves specifically induces the transient activation of the p44MMK4 kinase, which belongs to the family of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Whereas activation of the MMK4 pathway is a post-translational process and was not blocked by [alpha]-amanitin and cycloheximide, inactivation depends on de novo transcription and translation of a protein factor(s). After wound-induced activation, the MMK4 pathway was subject to a refractory period of 25 min, during which time restimulation was not possible, indicating that the inactivation mechanism is only transiently active. After activation of the p44MMK4 kinase by wounding, transcript levels of the MMK4 gene increased, suggesting that the MMK4 gene may be a direct target of the MMK4 pathway. In contrast, transcripts of the wound-inducible MsWIP gene, encoding a putative proteinase inhibitor, were detected only several hours after wounding. Abscisic acid, methyl jasmonic acid, and electrical activity are known to mediate wound signaling in plants. However, none of these factors was able to activate the p44MMK4 kinase in the absence of wounding, suggesting that the MMK4 pathway acts independently of these signals.
Modeling NOM fouling of low pressure membranes: impact of membrane properties and NOM characteristics (2008)

This research attempted to identify characteristic coordinates responsible for significant flux decline in low pressure membrane filtration, and to explain relationships among those coordinates with a modeling approach. A Pearson's correlation matrix supported that significant flux decline over a short time frame (low delivered DOC) is highly correlated with high molecular weight (MW) components of NOM. Simulations of flux decline by model equations were close to the experimental results revealing that low pressure membrane fouling is dominantly affected by NOM characteristics and membrane properties. One source water, exhibiting the highest flux decline, showed mostly cake formation as a fouling mechanism. The results indicate that significant flux decline is caused by high MW components leading to formation of a cake layer. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that high MW polysaccharides are the most important NOM component affecting significant membrane fouling.