gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic Voting (2007)

In the wake of the contested results from the 2000 US presidential election, the US Congress passed the Help America Vote Act, which banned certain voting technologies, provided federal funds for purchasing new voting equipment, and required handicapped accessibility for voting systems. Thus began a rapid migration of US voting systems from technologies such as punch cards, paper ballots, and first-generation electronic voting systems to second-generation electronic voting systems, typically known as direct recording electronic (DRE) systems.
Vitamin D Homeostasis in the Perinatal Period (1980)

To investigate vitamin D homeostasis in term pregnancy, we measured 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) in serum samples from 19 term pregnant women and in samples from the placental veins of their infants. Samples were obtained from 14 neonates at 24 hours of age. At delivery, maternal concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D were elevated above normal adult values; placental-vein concentrations in the infants were significantly lower than adult normal or maternal values and bore no relation to maternal values. By the time the infants reached 24 hours of age, their serum concentrations had reached normal adult values, concomitant with a decrease in serum concentration of ionized calcium. We speculate that low 1,25(OH)2D concentrations in utero suggest that there is no need for intestinal calcium absorption in the fetus. Postnatal increase of 1,25(OH)2D may result from its production as a prerequisite to extrauterine requirements for intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
Early Upregulation of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome-Associated Cytokines Promotes Lethal Disease in an Aged-Mouse Model of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection (2009)

Several respiratory viruses, including influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), produce more severe disease in the elderly, yet the molecular mechanisms governing age-related susceptibility remain poorly studied. Advanced age was significantly associated with increased SARS-related deaths, primarily due to the onset of early- and late-stage acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis. Infection of aged, but not young, mice with recombinant viruses bearing spike glycopro-teins derived from early human or palm civet isolates resulted in death accompanied by pathological changes associated with ARDS. In aged mice, a greater number of differentially expressed genes were observed than in young mice, whose responses were significantly delayed. Differences between lethal and nonlethal virus phe-notypes in aged mice could be attributed to differences in host response kinetics rather than virus kinetics. SARS-CoV infection induced a range of interferon, cytokine, and pulmonary wound-healing genes, as well as several genes associated with the onset of ARDS. Mice that died also showed unique transcriptional profiles of immune response, apoptosis, cell cycle control, and stress. Cytokines associated with ARDS were signifi-cantly upregulated in animals experiencing lung pathology and lethal disease, while the same animals expe-
Optimising shared electric mobility hubs: Insights from performance analysis and factors influencing riding demand (2023)

In order to decarbonise the transport networks, systemic change is needed. One manifestation of this transformation is shared electric mobility, seeking to curtail car usage and ownership. This current case study aims to measure and optimise the operational performance of shared electric mobility hubs (eHUBs). From the performance results of eHUBs, one can get helpful insights to develop appropriate future planning and management policies for improving the transport chain. Incorporating data from September 2021 to October 2022, this research developed a novel dynamic two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) framework to assess the performance of the eHUB network in Inverness, Scotland. In the first stage, the DEA model computes relative efficiency scores related to the operational performance of the stations. The second stage focuses on network analysis and examining the factors that may influence the high or low obtained performance scores. Scrupulous analysis shows that the population in the catchment area of the eHUBs and the weather conditions (specifically, temperature) are among the most important factors influencing riding demand. The study also finds a weak association between eHUBs efficiency and proximity to public transport stops, suggesting that electric-assist bikes (e-bikes, pedelecs) may not strongly complement public transport, unlike bike-sharing systems. It indicates that e-bikes serve rather as a standalone mode for longer journeys. The findings of the case study can be used to improve sustainable mobility strategies, particularly related to e-bikes in other cities and urban areas.
Applications of laser microprobe mass spectrometry in biology and medicine. (1996)

Laser microprobe mass spectrometry (LMMS) provides spot analysis with a lateral resolution of 1-5 microns. Focused laser ionisation, combined with mass spectrometry, yields information on elements, molecular identification of inorganic substances, and structural characterisation of organic molecules of typically less than 2-3 kDa. Quantification in complex heterogeneous systems, such as biological materials, is not possible at the present state of the art. The strength of the method lies in the qualitative information on the molecular composition of the analyte, not just element detection, with a lateral resolution at the light microscopy level. The applications of this technique in the field of biomedicine and biology are illustrated by examples that demonstrate the use of this qualitative information in practical test cases.
Las redes informales inter-oganizacionales en la movilización por el agua en la Cuenca de México, 2005-2009 (2012)

Este artículo presenta un análisis de las redes informales inter-organizacionales tanto al interior de la movilización por el agua en la Cuenca de México como con su contexto organizativo. Estas redes se basan en vínculos de cooperación y de reconocimiento básicos para el desarrollo y el mantenimiento de los procesos colectivos de un movimiento social. Dichos procesos incluyen la producción de identidades comunes, de significados compartidos y la realización de acciones colectivas. Los resultados principales indican que la movilización cumple con las características estructurales básicas para configurar un movimiento social con vocación de permanencia frente al orden social actual en materia del agua en la región.
Expression of activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is increased in astrocytomas of different WHO grades and correlates with survival of glioblastoma patients (2018)

ATF5 mRNA expression could be identified as an additional, though not independent factor correlating with overall survival and PFS. Since its inhibition might lead to the selective death of glioma cells, it might serve as a potential ubiquitous therapeutic target in astrocytic tumors.
A Finite-Element Facial Model for Simulating Plastic Surgery (1995)

CAPS (Computer-Aided Plastic Surgery) is a prototype computer program that uses a three-dimensional graphic model of a human face and incorporates a finite-element mathematical model of the physical properties of the soft tissue. This program can estimate the biomechanic consequences of ablation and rearrangement of tissue. The results of two hypothetical surgeries on the face are presented: A surgeon could use this program as a sketch pad to predict and compare the outcome of facial plastic procedures on a patient-specific model. The relation of this program to previous work is discussed, and directions for research and possible applications are addressed.
Tuberculosis: The Microbe Host Interface (2004)

1. Mycobacterial Entry and Growth Using In Vitro Macrophage Models. 2. Analysis of Post-Phagocytic Events. 3. Analysis of Macrophage Signaling Following M. tuberculosis Infection. 4. The Acquired Immune Response to M. tuberculosis. 5. New In Vitro Models of Mycobacterial Pathogenesis. 6. Animal Models in the Analysis of Pathogenesis. 7. Analysis of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Gene Expression in the Human Host. 8. Analysis of Latency. 9. Molecular Epidemiology: Clinical Utility, Public Health Implication, and Relevance to Pathogenesis.
Software Reliability, Measurement, and Testing. Volume 2. Guidebook for Software Reliability Measurement and Testing (1992)

Abstract : This effort integrated software reliability, measurement, and test techniques in terms of prediction, estimation, and assessment. Experiments were conducted to compare six testing techniques and to measure the effect of software product and process variables on software reliability. A guidebook was produced to help program managers control and manage software reliability and testing. Error/anomaly and code reviews were the test techniques found to be the most effective at the unit level; branch testing and code reviews were the most effective at the CSC level. Software Reliability, Software Measurement, Software Testing.
Characterization of boronized layers on Vanadis 6 tool steel (2020)

Vanadis 6 steel was boronized at temperatures from 950°C to 1050°C for durations from 0.75–10 h. The treatments produced layers with thickness from 4 to 133 μm, depending on the processing parameters. The layers’ growth obeyed the parabolic growth law, and all the obtained boronized layers were two-phase (FeB + Fe2B), with the presence of a small amount of chromium boride. The layer growth induces considerable redistribution of alloying elements in regions near the surface. FeB had microhardness ranging from 2100 to 2300 HV0.05, while the microhardness of Fe2B was 1700–1900 HV0.05. The presence of boronized layers reduced the Charpy impact toughness of the steel by approximately 95%.
PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF AROMATIC KETONES WITH NUCLEIC ACIDS AND THEIR COMPONENTS–III. CHAIN BREAKAGE AND THYMINE DIMERIZATION IN BENZOPHENONE PHOTOSENSITIZED DNA* (1972)

Abstract— Excitation of benzophenone in the presence of calf thymus and E. coli DNA leads to photosensitized damages to the macromolecule. Two main reactions are observed: thymine dimerization and chain break formation. Benzophenone photosensitized chain breaks are also observed in polyadenylic acid. The melting temperature of DNA decreases with the duration of irradiation. Under our experimental conditions, the ratio of the yields of dimers and single‐chain breaks produced in DNA is about 1. Photosensitized damage to deoxyribose residues leading to chain breakage is shown to be similar to that produced by X or γ ray irradiation. The oxygen effect upon chain break production is studied and discussed in relation with its effect upon intermediate species. Thymine dimers are formed following energy transfer from benzophenone in its triplet state. In previous flash‐photolysis studies we showed that benzophenone in its triplet state reacts with water molecules to give ketyl and OH radicals. Ketyl radicals are not involved in reactions with DNA. It is proposed that OH radicals produced in the above reaction are responsible for the production of single‐chain breaks by attack on the deoxyribose residues.
Proteolytic enzyme activity in porcine immature enamel. (1977)

Illustration shows a scene in an urban setting with many men wearing the cap and gown of college graduates, performing a variety of manual labor occupations, suggesting that a college education is available to men of all intellectual and skill levels. Caption: Sixty-eight million dollars were give for colleges last year; - if the mania for college education continues we may soon expect the above state of affairs.
Gas Analysis in Films by Laser-Induced Flash Evaporation Followed by Mass Spectrometry (1972)

A new technique for determining the concentration of gases in films has been developed which utilizes laser-induced flash evaporation followed by mass-spectrometric analysis of the released gas. It is shown that this technique can be used to perform quantitative analysis for the noble gases and nitrogen in most thin-film materials on a wide variety of substrates. Under ideal conditions, gas concentrations of a few parts per billion can be detected. Qualitative results have been obtained for other chemically active gases such as oxygen and hydrogen. Approaches are suggested which may also allow quantitative measurements to be made for these gases. Several phenomena which could lead to inaccurate or erroneous measurements are evaluated and methods suggested for minimizing their effect.
Metallocene supported core@LDH catalysts for slurry phase ethylene polymerisation (2016)

We report the synthesis of solid catalysts based on a zirconocene supported on either silica@AMO-LDH or zeolite@AMO-LDH for the slurry phase polymerisation of ethylene. The hybrid catalysts demonstrate synergistic effects in which the polymerisation activity is up to three times higher than the zirconocene supported on analogous single phase silica or zeolite supports.
Thermally Decomposable KBH4as an Efficient Electron Injection Material for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2009)

In this work, KBH4 was studied as a novel electron injection material (EIM) for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Optimized OLEDs using KBH4 as the EIM showed a high efficiency of 11.0 cd/A at 1000 cd/m2, comparable to that of a control device using LiF (9.2 cd/A). The lifetime of the device with KBH4 was also comparable to that of the control device. Thermal evaporation behavior was studied by thermodynamic calculation and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), demonstrating that the improved electron injection was attributable to the low-work-function metallic K released by the thermal decomposition of KBH4.
Production of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Genetic Engineering of Yeast. (2001)

In order to study the production system of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), we genetically engineered a baker’s yeast that did not originally produce PUFA. We produced γ-linolenic acid (GLA) by constructing a heterologous system to express Δ6 fatty acid desaturase (D6d) gene from rat liver into yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The expression of this gene in the presence of linoleic acid (LA) formed a significant amount of GLA in the host cells. In order to effect the largest expression of the conversion rate from LA to GLA, we set up a dual promoter system, where genes coding for the D6d and an elecron donor protein, cytochrome b5, were coordinately expressed. The desaturation index (GLA/LA) increased significantly by high level expression of cytochrome b5, indicating that this protein is a limiting factor in regular yeast. In addition, we examined a condition for the extra-cellular production of GLA by a fatty acid secretion yeast mutant. By expressing the D6d gene under the control of GAP-DH promoter in the presence of LA, 178 mg/L of GLA was secreted in the medium in 144h.
Analysis of Heat Transfer by Natural Convection Across Vertical Fluid Layers (1977)

An analysis is presented which predicts the heat transfer across fluid layers bounded laterally by vertical isothermal surface and adiabatic surfaces on the top and bottom. The vertical temperature distribution in the core of the cavity is also predicted. Extensive comparisons of average Nusselt number and temperature distribution are made with experimental data for aspect ratios greater than 5. Good agreement between analysis and experiment is found. The heat-transfer equations for vertical layers are generalized to include layers which are tilted up to 20° from the vertical, making the results useful for the design of solar collectors.
High magnetic field studies of the two-dimensional electron gas in GaInAs-InP superlattices (1983)

We report the observation of Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations in superlattices of GaInAs and InP, showing evidence of two-dimensional behavior. The electron g-factor is deduced from both the criteria for resolution of a spin splitting by comparison with the broadening parameter Γ, and from the tilted field method, and is shown to increase with increasing resolution of the Landau levels in a manner consistent with the theory of Ando and Uemura. In the ultraquantum limit, structure at ν=1/2 and ν=1/3 is observed.
<title>3D reconstruction of coronary arteries from two X-ray angiograms based on anatomic model</title> (2007)

In this paper, we have developed a model-based approach to match two X-ray angiograms from different views. Under the guidance of the prior knowledge of anatomic structure of human coronary vessels, this method can build a node attribute table and assign unique anatomic labels to coronary arteries in X-ray angiograms automatically by the father-son relationship of the nodes, which is essential in reconstruction of vessels.
Wafer-level fabrication of GaN-based vertical light-emitting diodes using a multi-functional bonding material system (2009)

We first report on the fabrication of 2 inch wafer-level GaN-based vertical light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by using a multi-functional bonding material system, which is composed of a thick Cu diffusion barrier and a bonding layer. The bonding material system superbly absorbs laser-induced stress and also effectively serves as a barrier to the indiffusion of Sn to the active region. Fully packaged vertical LEDs fabricated with indium tin oxide (ITO)/AgCu contact and the bonding material system give an operating voltage of 3.35 V at 350 mA. After over 1800 h, the operating voltages remain stable, and the reverse currents are in the range 3–8 × 10−7 A at −5 V.
Contributing Author and Editor: Patrice Preston-Grimes (2008)

Feature Editor’s Notes: With ever-present pressures to “cover more content” and prepare students for standardized test mastery, elementary teachers are often encouraged to integrate social studies content into their reading, writing, and math lessons. Yet, unless teachers receive specific instruction on how to do this, the results (for teachers and students) can be disappointing. In the following feature article, Social Studies and Literacy Integration: Making the Most of Our Teaching, authors Andrea M. Kent and Jennifer L. Simpson identify key literacy concepts that social studies teachers should understand, and offer two “ready-to-teach” lessons to improve students' literacy skills and social studies content comprehension.
An Evaluation of the Wind Chill Factor: Its Development and Applicability (1998)

The wind chill factor has become a standard meteorologic term in cold climates. Meteorologic charts provide wind chill temperatures meant to represent the hypothetical air temperature that would, under conditions of no wind, effect the same heat loss from unclothed human skin as does the actual combination of air temperature and wind velocity. As this wind chill factor has social and economic significance, an investigation was conducted on the development of this factor and its applicability based on modern heat transfer principles. The currently used wind chill factor was found to be based on a primitive study conducted by the U.S. Antarctic Service over 50 years ago. The resultant equation for the wind chill temperature assumes an unrealistic constant skin temperature and utilizes heat transfer coefficients that differ markedly from those obtained from equations of modern convective heat transfer methods. The combined effect of these two factors is to overestimate the effect of a given wind velocity and to predict a wind chill temperature that is too low.
Nerve growth factor prevents toxic neuropathy in mice (1991)

Taxol is a promising new antitumor drug with therapeutic use that is limited by a toxic sensory neuropathy. Taxol is also cytotoxic to dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro, but this effect is prevented by cotreatment with the trophic protein, nerve growth factor. We sought to develop an animal model and then to determine whether nerve growth factor can prevent taxol neuropathy in vivo. Administration of taxol to mice resulted in a profound sensory neuropathy characterized by decreases in dorsal root ganglion content of the peptide neurotransmitter, substance P, elevated threshold to thermally induced pain, and diminished amplitude of the compound action potential in the caudal nerve. Coadministration of nerve growth factor prevented all of these signs of neurotoxicity. These findings suggest that administration of nerve growth factor may prevent certain toxic sensory neuropathies.
An efficient fast algorithm to select the best spanning tree in metro ethernet networks (2011)

Summary from only given. Ethernet networks rely on Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) that guarantees a loop-free tree topology in the network. STP does this task by pruning the redundant links. This protocol doesn't have any traffic engineering mechanism for load balancing since the tree construction in this protocol is only based on the shortest path criterion. In this paper, we propose an efficient fast algorithm to find the best spanning tree by modeling and solving objective functions based on load balancing criterions. By using this objective we can balance the traffic load on links and switches. Finally through some simulations on a typical network, we show the effectiveness of our approach.
A cost-effective 25-Gb/s EML TOSA using all-in-one FPCB wiring and metal optical bench (2013)

We present a cost-effective 25-Gb/s electro-absorption modulator integrated laser (EML) transmitter optical sub-assembly (TOSA) using all-in-one flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) wiring and a metal optical bench (MOB). For a low cost and high bandwidth TOSA, internal and external wirings and feed-through of the TOSA to transmit radio-frequency (RF) signal are configured all-in-one using the FPCB. The FPCB is extended from an exterior of the TOSA package up to an EML chip inside the package through the slit formed on a rear sidewall of the package and die-bonded on the MOB. The EML TOSA shows a modulated output power of more than 3.5 dBm and a clear eye pattern with a dynamic extinction ratio of ~8.4 dB at a data rate of 25.78 Gb/s.
Microencephalic Rats as a Model for Cognitive Disorders (1986)

Clinical Neuropharmacology is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to the pharmacology of the nervous system in its broadest sense. Coverage ranges from such basic aspects as mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationships, and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, to practical clinical problems such as drug interactions, drug toxicity, and therapy for specific syndromes and symptoms. The journal publishes original articles and brief reports, invited and submitted reviews, and letters to the editor. A regular feature is the Patient Management Series: in-depth case presentations with clinical questions and answers.
A comparative analysis of meeting participant perception and use of smartphones and other mobile devices during meetings (2013)

In the past decade, as the processing power of smartphones has increased, users have started to use them within a business environment, specifically in corporate meetings in exchange for their laptops or tablet computers. The use of smartphones and other mobile devices in meetings may be causing a positive or negative change in the attitudes and behavior of meeting participants. An online survey was created and deployed in second half of 2010 to investigate how and for what purpose meeting participants use mobile devices. The survey also collected data on the perception and behavior of meeting participants when others use their mobile device in meetings. A second survey with similar questions was deployed in late 2012 to compare whether attitudes and behavior of meeting participants had changed in the two year period. Statistical and descriptive analyses were conducted to examine any differences in responses between the first and second survey. Major findings from the comparison of the two surveys include: individuals have become more accepting of having and using laptops and feature phones in their meetings. In addition, organizations have become more supportive of employees using iPhones.