gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lidocaine Delays Cortical Ischemic Depolarization: Relationship to Electrophysiologic Recovery and Neuropathology (1994)

To determine if the previously reported limitation of i.v. lidocaine in facilitating recovery from cerebral ischemia was related to an effect on ischemic depolarization, we recorded cortical DC potential, electrocorticogram (ECoG) or EEG, and evoked potentials in rabbits subjected to either 3 or 5 min of complete ischemia. Three control animals undergoing 3 min of ischemia and all animals subjected to 5 min of ischemia were continuously monitored under anesthesia for 24 h, at which time the brains were processed for neocortical histology. Complete ischemia was produced by occlusion of the basilar artery and cervical collateral vessels followed by transient snare occlusion of the brachiocephalic trunk. In control animals of either ischemic duration, the onset of ischemic depolarization occurred at 102 +/- 5 s (n = 18). In animals receiving 0.2 mg/kg/min lidocaine infusion, the negative DC shift was delayed to 182 +/- 28 s (n = 7) in animals with 3-min ischemia and 195 +/- 15 s (n = 9) in lidocaine animals with 5 min ischemia (p < .01 and p < .0005 respectively, compared to controls of the same ischemic duration). In 3-min ischemia, lidocaine also reduced the amplitude of the DC shift from 8.9 +/- 0.4 mV to 4.6 +/- 1.1 mV (p < .005), whereas in 5-min ischemia there was no significant difference in the amplitude of the shift between lidocaine and control animals (11.1 +/- 1.4 and 12.7 +/- 1.0 mV, respectively). Lidocaine shortened the isoelectric EEG duration and hastened the recovery of evoked potentials in animals with 3-min ischemia; with 5-min ischemia, however, there was no significant difference in the recovery of either type of electrical activity between control and lidocaine-treated animals. Significant correlations were found between the recovery of cortical electrical activity (both spontaneous and evoked) and the amplitude or integral of the ischemic depolarization shift (p < .001 in each case). Postischemic epileptiform bursts accompanied by negative DC shifts occurred in 3/7 controls and 4/7 lidocaine animals after reperfusion for > 12 h following 5-min ischemia. There was no significant difference in the degree of cortical neuronal injury or status spongiosus found between lidocaine and control animals subjected to 5-min ischemia and 24 h reperfusion. Cortical injury in control animals with 3-min ischemia was negligible and not significantly different from sham-operated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Development ofColletotrichum gloeosporioidesf. sp.ClidemiaeandSeptoria passifloraeinto Two Mycoherbicides with Extended Viability (1995)

Norman, D. J., and Trujillo, E. E. 1995. Development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. clidemiae and Septoria passiflorae into two mycoherbicides with extended viability. Plant Dis. 79:1029-1032. Two potential mycoherbicides were formulated for extended viability: one, containing Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. clidemiae as the active ingredient, was effective against Koster's curse (Clidemia hirta); and the other, containing Septoria passiflorae, was effective against banana poka (Passiflora tripartita var. tripartita). Microcycle conidiation of both fungi occurred on the surface of solid media inoculated with spore suspensions ≥1 x 10 6 conidia per ml, ca. 1.67 x 10 4 conidia per cm 2 . In 4 days, C. g. f. sp. clidemiae produced 5 x 10 6 conidia per cm 2 after incubation at 25°C under continuous illumination on the surface of potato-dextrose agar adjusted to 3% agar. In 3 weeks, S. passiflorae produced 8.6 x 10 7 conidia per cm 2 after incubation on 10% Gerber Mixed Cereal for Baby agar, while on agitated potato-dextrose broth the production was 3.9 x 10 7 conidia per ml at 21°C under continuous illumination after 4 days incubation. Spores of C. g. f. sp. clidemiae and S. passiflorae, harvested by scraping the surfaces of solid cultures, were mixed in kaolin, dried, and stored at -18 and 1°C. They maintained greater than 84% viability for over 4 months and greater than 95% viability for 6 months, respectively. Spores of S. passiflorae harvested from liquid culture and stored at ≤1°C, mixed in kaolin and/or by lyophilization, maintained 97% viability for <1 year. C. g. f. sp. clidemiae spores produced in liquid culture had low viability and were killed by lyophilization. Viability was optimally maintained in both fungi when they were stored at -18°C. Viability of spores of both fungi stored as a kaolin formulation at 22°C was short-lived. No significant differences in pathogenicity were found in spores as a kaolin formulation after 4 months of storage. The shelf life of stored C. g. f. sp. clidemiae-kaolin was not affected by rehydrating in a 30% sucrose solution; whereas significant loss of viability occurred when the spore-kaolin mixtures were rehydrated in sterile distilled water (SDW). Rehydration of the mycoherbicide containing S. passiflorae in SDW did not decrease its activity. Both fungi produced a significantly higher number of lesions when applied to host plants suspended in 2% sucrose-0.5% gelatin solution than in SDW. Also, the number of lesions produced increased linearly with increases in inoculum. There was no significant difference in pathogenicity between freshly harvested spores and kaolin-spore mixtures stored for 4 months.
Universal Solid Supports for Synthesis of Oligonucleotides with Terminal 3′-Phosphates (1990)

Abstract Oligonucleotides bearing 3′-phosphates groups are required for studying chemical ligation (1), thermodynamic and spectroscopic analyses (2). Synthetic methods for oligodeoxynucleotides with terminal 3′-phosphates were already established either in solution (3) or on solid supports (4,5). In this communication we describe the preparation of glass supports with degradable linkers I which allow an easy access to 3′-phosphorylated oligonucleotides by a phosphoroamidite method.
Compressive Sampling: Sense-Less but Smart! (2007)

We present a new theory which goes against conventional wisdom and allows the faithful recovery of images from supposedly highly incomplete sets of measurements. Practically, one can obtain super-resolved signals from just a few sensors. Article not available.
Characterization of Asphaltene Building Blocks by Cracking under Favorable Hydrogenation Conditions (2012)

The chemical building blocks that comprise petroleum asphaltene molecules were determined by thermal cracking of samples under conditions that minimized alterations to aromatic and cycloalkyl groups. Favorable hydrogenation conditions that used tetralin as a hydrogen-donor solvent and an iron-based catalyst allowed asphaltenes derived from different crude oils to yield approximately 50–60 wt % distillates (<538 °C fraction), with coke yields below 10 wt %, and reach conversions of the vacuum residue fraction between 65 and 75 wt %. Products in a wide range of boiling points, from naphtha to heavy material in the vacuum residue range, were observed by simulated distillation. Quantitative recovery of the cracked products, with mass balances above 96%, and characterization of the distillate fraction by gas chromatography–field ionization–time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC–FI–TOF HR MS) provided information on the abundance of building blocks, including saturates, 1–3-ring aromatics, 4+-ring aromatics, and nitrogen- and sulfide-containing molecules. Samples of asphaltenes from different geological basins exhibited a remarkable similarity in the yields of building blocks, with paraffins and 1–3-ring aromatics as the most abundant species. The diversity of molecules identified in the distillate products from the cracking of asphaltenes suggests a high degree of heterogeneity and complexity of asphaltene molecules, built up by smaller fragments attached to each other by bridges. The sum of material remaining in the vacuum residue fraction and the yield of coke were in the range of 35–45% and represent the maximum amount of large aromatic clusters present in asphaltenes that could not be converted to distillates or gases under the cracking conditions used in this study.
Neutrophil-derived S100A12 in acute lung injury and respiratory distress syndrome (2007)

S100A12 and its receptor RAGE are found at high concentrations in pulmonary tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in acute lung injury. S100A12 expression may reflect neutrophil activation during lung inflammation and contribute to pulmonary inflammation and endothelial activation via binding to RAGE.
Disturbances and Inhibition in Biological Treatment of Wastewater from an Integrated Refinery (1988)

Biological treatment of wastewater from an integrated oil refinery, containing hazardous contaminants, was studied in an on site pilot plant. The wastewater is pretreated by gravity separation, flocculation and dissolved air flotation. Biotreatment of such wastewaters poses several problems which have to be considered in planning, design and operation of the treatment system. The process rate is relatively slow, due to the inhibitory effects. The mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) could not be maintained at concentrations higher than 2000 mg/l. Sudden discharges of concentrated phenolic wastes disrupted the process first by impairing bioflocculation, followed by complete inhibition of the biological process.
Determination of Pesticide Residue Transfer Rates (Percent) from Dried Tea Leaves to Brewed Tea (2013)

This paper presents a study on pesticide residue transfer rates (%) from dried tea leaves to brewed tea. In the study, a brewing procedure simulated the preparation of a hot tea drink as in routine. After brewing, pesticide residues were extracted from brewed tea using a method known as QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe). An UHPLC/ESI-MS/MS method was developed and validated to identify and quantify up to 172 pesticides in both tea leaves and brewed tea samples. Quantification was achieved using matrix-matched standard calibration curves with isotopically labeled standards or a chemical analogue as internal standards, and the calibration curves consisted of six points (0.4, 2.0, 8.0, 16.0, 24.0, and 40.0 μg/L equivalent in sample). The method was validated at four concentration levels (4.0, 12, 20.0, and 32.0 μg/L equivalent in sample) using five different brewed tea matrices on two separate days per matrix. Method performance parameters included overall recovery, intermediate precision, and measurement uncertainty, which were evaluated according to a nested experimental design. Approximately, 95% of the pesticides studied had recoveries between 81 and 110%, intermediate precision ≤20%, and measurement uncertainty ≤40%. From a pilot study of 44 incurred tea samples, pesticide residues were examined for their ability to transfer from dried tea leaves to brewed tea. Each sample, both tea leaves and brewed tea, was analyzed in duplicate. Pesticides were found to have different transfer rates (%). For example, imidacloprid, methomyl, and carbendazim had transfer rates of 84.9, 83.4, and 92.4%, respectively.
Do Machine Teachers Dream of Algorithms (2019)

Machine Teaching is an emerging approach for incrementally creating semantic machine learning (ML) models, by focusing on improving the productivity of the human teacher during an interactive ML process. One of the challenges of this approach is developing the support for the process of eliciting subject-matter knowledge relevant for a machine learner. This process we call Knowledge Decomposition not only encompasses knowing what type of knowledge to articulate but also the language, one articulates it with. In turn, language and articulation influence and are influenced by the teacher’s mental models. We share our findings on people’s mental models about learning systems from two formative studies where people teach to hypothetical learning systems. These findings are important for practitioners creating teaching experiences, as the wrong notion of how the machine learner works and what it needs can negatively affect the overall teaching task. We argue that addressing this mismatch is core to the success of machine teaching and a multidisciplinary opportunity for HCI, and ML practitioners alike.
Fully Integrated NxN MEMS Wavelength Selective Switch with 100% Colorless Add-Drop Ports (2008)

A high density wavelength selective switch based on the integration of array waveguide grating and MEMS technology is reported. We demonstrate a fully integrated wavelength reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexing with 100% colorless add/drop ports.
Delivering Optimal Brownfield Development Strategies: Use of Multi-Constrained Optimisation Combined with Fast Semi-Analytical and Numerical Simulators (2012)

Abstract Assessing the waterflood, monitoring the fluids front, and enhancing sweep with the uncertainty of multiple geological realisations, data quality, and measurement presents an ongoing challenge. Defining sweet spots and optimal candidate well locations in a well-developed large field presents an additional challenge for reservoir management. A case study is presented that highlights the approach to this cycle of time-lapse monitoring, acquisition, analysis and planning in delivery of an optimal field development strategy using multi-constrained optimisation combined with fast semi-analytical and numerical simulators. The multi-constrained optimiser is used in conjunction with different semi-analytical and simulation tools (streamlines, traditional simulators, and new high-powered simulation tools able to manage huge, multi-million-cell-field models) and rapidly predicts optimal well placement locations with inclusion of anti-collision in the presence of the reservoir uncertainties. The case study evaluates proposed field development strategies using the automated multivariable optimisation of well locations, trajectories, completion locations, and flow rates in the presence of existing wells and production history, geological parameters and reservoir engineering constraints, subsurface uncertainty, capex and opex costs, risk tolerance, and drilling sequence. This optimisation is fast and allows for quick evaluation of multiple strategies to decipher an optimal development plan. Optimisers are a key technology facilitating simulation workflows, since there is no ‘one-approach-fits-all’ when optimising oilfield development. Driven by different objective functions (net present value (NPV), return on investment (ROI), or production totals) the case study highlights the challenges, the best practices, and the advantages of an integrated approach in developing an optimal development plan for a brownfield.
Bacteriochlorin syntheses - Status, problems, and exploration (2023)

Bacteriochlorins – Nature’s near-infrared (NIR) chromophores – are distinguished by an intense ([Formula: see text] ∼;10 5 M[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] long-wavelength absorption band in the ∼;700–1000 nm. The development of routes to prepare synthetic, tailorable bacteriochlorins holds promise for multiple disciplines where NIR-light-promoted photoactivity is of interest. A de novo route to bacteriochlorins equipped with a stabilizing gem-dimethyl group in each pyrroline ring was discovered in 2003. Continued development in this arena over 20 years has led to additional routes as well as methods to install substituents at selected positions about the perimeter of the macrocycle. The present paper reports studies that highlight substantial limitations of existing synthetic routes, including stymied access to multi-bacteriochlorin arrays and the inability to install (in a rational way) distinct groups at opposite sides of the macrocycle. The origins of the limitations are traced to particular stages of the chemistry ranging from derivatizing pyrroles, creating pyrrolines, constructing and elaborating dihydrodipyrrins, coupling dihydrodipyrrins, and forming macrocycles. Through exploration of a dozen aspects of bacteriochlorin syntheses, 60 new compounds (and nine known compounds via improved syntheses) have been prepared and characterized; the data include 20 single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The research taken together points to areas of focus to fulfill the promise of this fascinating class of compounds.
Identification of stable irradiation-induced-defects using low frequency noise spectroscopy (2018)

In this study, we demonstrate the capability to detect microscopic stable displacement nature created by proton irradiations with a method based on the discrimination of the three major low frequency noise sources generally observed in semiconductor devices. Low frequency noise measurements are carried out in silicon in-situ phosphorus doped polycrystalline silicon serpentine resistance used as test vehicle. We observe that for the pristine sample, the voltage noise power density can be explained only considering 1/f and thermal noise contribution on the total noise, while for irradiated sample generation recombination noise prevails. Preliminary results on low frequency noise spectroscopy, used as a diagnostic tool in order to identify stable traps created by protons irradiations are presented.
Application of Molecular Markers in the Study of Chinese Cabbage (2007)

The application of molecular markers in the study of Chinese cabbage genetic breeding such as construction of molecular genetic map,location of ornamental characters,analysis of relationship and genetic diversity,variety purity determination and seed authenticity identification is described in this paper.
Space reservation for shipboard electric power distribution systems (2015)

The constant demands for increased power in all modern navy ships places ever greater need for attention to efficient and well positioned power cabling. The focus of this paper is the characterization of the power distribution system of an all-electric modern combatant. The ensuing mathematical model is suitable for use in the very early stages of design. This includes the use of Set-Based Design during the concept phase of design. In this version of the paper we describe the method we developed to reserve the necessary space to accommodate the shipboard electric power distribution system. Future versions of this paper will include how to compute such metrics as system weight, and total area and volume in each compartment and a vulnerability index to be used to determine a figure of merit to compare different power distribution designs.
Accelerating Packet Processing in a Xen Environment with OpenDataPlane (2016)

Over recent years, packet processing acceleration has become a hot topic. Indeed, several software solutions have been developed to offer the best possible performance. Recently, a new open source project has started called OpenDataPlane (ODP), this framework provides a set of APIs, configuration files, and other functions to accelerate packet processing and manage effectively the networking data plane. In this paper, we present our new Xen architecture, implemented within Metamorphic Networks "MNet" platform that integrates ODP in a privileged domain, called driver domain. This architecture allows us to associate ODP with virtual CPU cores in order to accelerate packet processing and improve the performance of our platform, without adding overhead in physical processors. The results of our experiments show that our new architecture improves packet processing performance by 15%, only using the virtual CPU resources.
GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE MAPPING USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (1999)

Representation of a system using an average glass transition temperature (Tg) value will become inadequate ifthe system is not sufficiently homogeneous in terms of physical structure and chemical composition. Many food systemsare heterogeneous, and therefore a nonuniform distribution of Tg values is expected. In this exploratory article, the basisfor determination of Tg using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques is discussed, and a magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI) method is proposed for determining the spatial distribution of Tg in food systems. The Tg maps formaltodextrin and bread samples, obtained using this method, are presented.
The calculation of some equilibria with alkenes (1955)

Abstract The thermodynamic quantities of the terms of homologous series in general vary linearly with the number of carbon atoms. Making use of the linear trend of the free enthalpy and, where possible, allowing for a deviation in the case of the lowest terms (initial term effect), we have calculated the composition of a number of equilibrium mixtures in homologous series at temperatures of 300°K−1000°K, and reproduced these compositions in graphs. Deviations from the ideal gas laws and the possible occurrence of liquid have been left out of consideration. As the summation over a limited number of terms leads to relatively simple equations, more complicated equilibria can also be dealt with. Here the following equilibrium mixtures have been calculated: ) n‐l‐alkenes ) n‐l‐alkenes and n‐alkylcyclohexanes, and ) n‐l‐alkenes, n‐alkane‐thiols, and hydrogen sulphide.
Design of Disordered Periodic Structures for Mode Localization (2017)

Periodic structures are the repetition of unit cells in space, that provide a filtering behavior for wave propagation. In particular, it is possible to tailor the geometrical, physical and elastic properties of the unit cells, in order to attenuate certain frequency bands, called band-gaps or stop-bands. Having each element characterized with the same parameters, the filtering behavior of the system can be described through the wave propagation properties of the unit cell. This is technologically impossible to obtain, therefore the Lyapunov factor is used, in order to define the mean attenuation of a quasi-periodic structure. Tailoring Gaussian unit cell properties potentially allows to extend the stop-bands width in the frequency domain. A drawback is that some unexpected resonance peaks may lie in the neighborhood of the extended regions. However, the correspondent mode-shapes are localized in a particular region of the structure, and they partially decrease the global attenuating behavior. In this paper, the aperiodicity introduced in the otherwise perfect repetition is investigated, providing an explanation for the mode-localization problem and for the stop-bands extension. Then, the proposed approach is applied to a passive quasi-periodic beam, characterized from a localized peak within a designed band-gap. The geometrical properties of its aperiodic parts are changed in order to deterministically move the localization peak in the frequency response. Numerical and experimental results are compared.