gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust All-Fiber 200W Single Frequency Laser at 1064 nm with Low Intensity Noise (2019)

High power lasers are essential in various scientific applications, including cold atom trapping, frequency metrology or gravitational wave detection [1], where single frequency behaviour is required as well as low amplitude and frequency noise. Nevertheless, they can be useful in other industrial processes requiring good beam quality and low noise, like holography, interferometry or optical pumping of solid state lasers.
INSIGHTS INTO THE HIGH-ENERGY γ-RAY EMISSION OF MARKARIAN 501 FROM EXTENSIVE MULTIFREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS IN THEFERMIERA (2011)

We report on the gamma-ray activity of the blazar Mrk 501 during the first 480 days of Fermi operation. We find that the average LAT gamma-ray spectrum of Mrk 501 can be well described by a single power-law function with a photon index of 1.78 +/- 0.03. While we observe relatively mild flux variations with the Fermi-LAT (within less than a factor of 2), we detect remarkable spectral variability where the hardest observed spectral index within the LAT energy range is 1.52 +/- 0.14, and the softest one is 2.51 +/- 0.20. These unexpected spectral changes do not correlate with the measured flux variations above 0.3GeV. In this paper, we also present the first results from the 4.5-month-long multifrequency campaign (2009 March 15 - August 1) on Mrk 501, which included the VLBA, Swift, RXTE, MAGIC and VERITAS, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments which provided excellent temporal and energy coverage of the source throughout the entire campaign. The average spectral energy distribution of Mrk 501 is well described by the standard one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. In the framework of this model, we find that the dominant emission region is characterized by a size &lt;~ 0.1 pc (comparable within a factor of few to the size of the partially-resolved VLBA core at 15-43 GHz), and that the total jet power (~10^{44} erg s^{-1}) constitutes only a small fraction (~10^{-3}) of the Eddington luminosity. The energy distribution of the freshly-accelerated radiating electrons required to fit the time-averaged data has a broken power-law form in the energy range 0.3GeV-10TeV, with spectral indices 2.2 and 2.7 below and above the break energy of 20GeV. We argue that such a form is consistent with a scenario in which the bulk of the energy dissipation within the dominant emission zone of Mrk 501 is due to relativistic, proton-mediated shocks.
GraphRank: Statistical Modeling and Mining of Significant Subgraphs in the Feature Space (2006)

We propose a technique for evaluating the statistical significance of frequent subgraphs in a database. A graph is represented by a feature vector that is a histogram over a set of basis elements. The set of basis elements is chosen based on domain knowledge and consists generally of vertices, edges, or small graphs. A given subgraph is transformed to a feature vector and the significance of the subgraph is computed by considering the significance of occurrence of the corresponding vector. The probability of occurrence of the vector in a random vector is computed based on the prior probability of the basis elements. This is then used to obtain a probability distribution on the support of the vector in a database of random vectors. The statistical significance of the vector/subgraph is then defined as the p-value of its observed support. We develop efficient methods for computing p-values and lower bounds. A simplified model is further proposed to improve the efficiency. We also address the problem of feature vector mining, a generalization of item- set mining where counts are associated with items and the goal is to find significant sub-vectors. We present an algorithm that explores closed frequent sub-vectors to find significant ones. Experimental results show that the proposed techniques are effective, efficient, and useful for ranking frequent subgraphs by their statistical significance.
High-accuracy physical modeling of submicrometer MOSFET's (1985)

When short-channel MOSFET transistor models are compared to experimental data, the uncertainty in some of the physical input variables often requires that some of the input variables be adjusted to fit the data. This uncertainty is increased by a lack of knowledge of process sensitivity information on critical parameters. These uncertainties have been eliminated using a two-dimensional finite-element model of a MOSFET with no free parameters. The model is compared to four self-aligned silicon-gate n-channel MOSFET's with channel lengths of 0.80, 1.83, 2.19, and 8.17 µm. The 0.80, 1.83, and 8.17-µm devices have phosphorus sources and drains. The 2.19-µm device has an arsenic source and drain. These devices span the range of channel lengths from a short-channel device, totally dominated by velocity saturation and source-drain profile shape, to a long-channel device, well characterized by a long-channel model. Using the data obtained from the measurements described in this work, it is possible to model the drain current for all of the transistors studied without adjustable parameters. Transistors with 0.80-µm channel length differ in model input from those with 8.17-µm channel length only in the length of the polysilicon gate. If sufficiently accurate parameters are available, these methods allow the characteristics of submicrometer transistors to be predicted with ±5-percent accuracy. These simulations show that the observed short-channel effects can be accounted for by existing mobility data and a simple empirical model of these data. Triode and saturation effects are dominated by two-dimensional drain field penetration of the channel region. Subthreshold effects are caused by distortion of fields in the entire channel region by the drain field.
Imaging & identification of malaria parasites using cellphone microscope with a ball lens (2018)

We have optimized the design and imaging procedures, to clearly resolve the malaria parasite in Giemsa-stained thin blood smears, using simple low-cost cellphone-based microscopy with oil immersion. The microscope uses a glass ball as the objective and the phone camera as the tube lens. Our optimization includes the optimal choice of the ball lens diameter, the size and the position of the aperture diaphragm, and proper application of immersion, to achieve diagnostic capacity in a wide field of view. The resulting system is potentially applicable to low-cost in-the-field optical diagnostics of malaria as it clearly resolves micron-sized features and allows for analysis of parasite morphology in the field of 50 × 50 μm, and parasite detection in the field of at least 150 × 150 μm.
ANAEROBIC GROWTH OF A “STRICT AEROBE” (BACILLUS SUBTILIS) (1998)

There was a long-held belief that the gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis is a strict aerobe. But recent studies have shown that B. subtilis will grow anaerobically, either by using nitrate or nitrite as a terminal electron acceptor, or by fermentation. How B. subtilis alters its metabolic activity according to the availability of oxygen and alternative electron acceptors is but one focus of study. A two-component signal transduction system composed of a sensor kinase, ResE, and a response regulator, ResD, occupies an early stage in the regulatory pathway governing anaerobic respiration. One of the essential roles of ResD and ResE in anaerobic gene regulation is induction of fnr transcription upon oxygen limitation. FNR is a transcriptional activator for anaerobically induced genes, including those for respiratory nitrate reductase, narGHJI.B. subtilis has two distinct nitrate reductases, one for the assimilation of nitrate nitrogen and the other for nitrate respiration. In contrast, one nitrite reductase functions both in nitrite nitrogen assimilation and nitrite respiration. Unlike many anaerobes, which use pyruvate formate lyase, B. subtilis can carry out fermentation in the absence of external electron acceptors wherein pyruvate dehydrogenase is utilized to metabolize pyruvate.
PIRATES OF THE CARIBBEAN IN FRANK YERBY’S THE GOLDEN HAWK (2020)

This essay argues that Frank Yerby’s 1948 costume drama, <italic>The Golden Hawk</italic>, offers a prime example of a transnational/circumCaribbean novel. Concurrently, however, it is also a carefully researched historical novel, one that builds on the formulas of both the romance and the adventure tale, while mining the then-current popularity of the pirate novel and film. Issues of race, gender, and nation figure prominently in this critique, as well as histories of Haiti, Columbia, and Caribbean piracy.
Application of Parallel Hybrid Algorithm in Massively Parallel GPGPU—The Improved Effective and Efficient Method for Calculating Coulombic Interactions in Simulations of Many Ions with SIMION (2012)

In our previous study, we introduced a new hybrid approach to effectively approximate the total force on each ion during a trajectory calculation in mass spectrometry device simulations, and the algorithm worked successfully with SIMION. We took one step further and applied the method in massively parallel general-purpose computing with GPU (GPGPU) to test its performance in simulations with thousands to over a million ions. We took extra care to minimize the barrier synchronization and data transfer between the host (CPU) and the device (GPU) memory, and took full advantage of the latency hiding. Parallel codes were written in CUDA C++ and implemented to SIMION via the user-defined Lua program. In this study, we tested the parallel hybrid algorithm with a couple of basic models and analyzed the performance by comparing it to that of the original, fully-explicit method written in serial code. The Coulomb explosion simulation with 128,000 ions was completed in 309 s, over 700 times faster than the 63 h taken by the original explicit method in which we evaluated two-body Coulomb interactions explicitly on one ion with each of all the other ions. The simulation of 1,024,000 ions was completed in 2650 s. In another example, we applied the hybrid method on a simulation of ions in a simple quadrupole ion storage model with 100,000 ions, and it only took less than 10 d. Based on our estimate, the same simulation is expected to take 5–7 y by the explicit method in serial code.
CDMA2000 1× EV-DV reverse link system design (2004)

The expected increase in future wireless packet data services has prompted the evolution of 3G systems capable of providing increased data throughput. In this paper, we discuss several system level issues in designing an air interface to support packet data services in the reverse link, such as the design of frame structure, data rate set, and ARQ mechanism. Several aspects of radio resource management are discussed. A feedback controller is designed for rise over thermal (ROT) control. A new radio resource management architecture is proposed.
The inapproximability of lattice and coding problems with preprocessing (2003)

We prove that the closest vector problem with preprocessing (CVPP) is NP-hard to approximate within any factor less than /spl radic/5/3. More specifically, we show that there exists a reduction from an NP-hard problem to the approximate closest vector problem such that the lattice depends only on the size of the original problem, and the specific instance is encoded solely, in the target vector. It follows that there are lattices for which the closest vector problem cannot be approximated within factors /spl gamma/ < /spl radic/5/3 in polynomial time, no matter how the lattice is represented, unless NP is equal to P (or NP is contained in P/poly, in case of nonuniform sequences of lattices). The result easily extends to any lp norm, for p /spl ges/ 1, showing that CVPP in the lp norm is hard to approximate within any factor /spl gamma/ < /sup p//spl radic/5/3. As an intermediate step, we establish analogous results for the nearest codeword problem with preprocessing (NCPP), proving that for any finite field GF(q), NCPP over GF(q) is NP-hard to approximate within any factor less than 5/3.
Comparative Evaluation of 15-kV SiC MOSFET and 15-kV SiC IGBT for Medium-Voltage Converter Under the Same <italic>dv/dt</italic> Conditions (2016)

The 15-kV silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET and 15-kV SiC IGBT are the two state-of-the-art high-voltage SiC devices. These high-voltage SiC devices enable simple two-level converters for a medium-voltage (MV) voltage source converter (VSC) topology compared with the complex three-level neutral point clamped and other multilevel topologies, which, otherwise, is required to realize for MV VSC with silicon devices. This paper characterizes the 15-kV SiC MOSFET module at 10- and 12-kV dc bus for two different configurations of the device under test. This paper also presents endurance test (continuous switching-mode experimental demonstration) of 15-kV SiC MOSFET for 10-kV output voltage for both a bidirectional and unidirectional dc-dc boost converter. Furthermore, this paper presents: 1) the switching loss comparison of 15-kV SiC MOSFET with 15-kV SiC IGBT for the same dv/dt condition; 2) the switching frequency limits of 15-kV SiC MOSFET for a dc-dc boost converter with a phase leg configuration at 10-kV output voltage; and 3) comparative evaluation of 15-kV SiC MOSFET and 15-kV SiC IGBT in a unidirectional dc-dc boost converter for 10 V output voltage.
Separation of nonlinearly sorbing solutes by parametric pumping (1976)

Abstract A rigorous mathematical analysis shows that parametric pumps can separate, concentrate, and recover in pure form all components of a multi‐solute mixture. The obtained separation cannot be predicted by existing linear models. Criteria for determining steady periodic separations of binary mixtures are discussed in detail for batch and continuous systems.
A Novel Magnetic Field Active Shim Method for Air-Core High-Temperature Superconducting Quadruple Magnet (2019)

An air-core high-temperature superconducting quadruple magnet (AHQM) is composed of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coils without an iron yoke. An AHQM exhibits magnetic field characteristics that vary linearly with respect to changes in the operating current. Further, the AHQM is more suitable for use in high heat load regions. A conventional iron-core quadruple magnet (IQM) contains an iron yoke to achieve the specific shape and magnitude of the magnetic field. In the case of IQMs, the iron yoke generates most of the magnetic field. In the case of AHQMs, the magnetic fields are generated solely by HTS coils. Thus, an AHQM requires a larger number of coils to generate a magnetic field, because the iron yoke has been removed. Consequently, the influence of manufacturing errors in the AHQM is high; these errors deteriorate the designed magnetic field. Therefore, magnetic field correction is required to reduce the deterioration in the magnetic field of an AHQM. This paper, proposes a novel active shim method to compensate for the deteriorated magnetic field of an AHQM. This method improves the uniformity, but does not affect the gradient and effective length of the quadruple magnet. The effectiveness of this method is verified by simulation.
Kriterien der internationalen Segmentierung (1997)

Im vorgeschlagenen Modell zur Segmentierung des europäischen Automobilmarkts wurde in erster Linie die Integration der abnehmerbezogenen, geographischen und leistungsange-botsbezogenen Komponenten in Form verschiedener Teilschritte berücksichtigt. Damit ist aber lediglich die Vorgehensweise systematisiert und ein formaler Rahmen vorgegeben worden. Das hier vorgeschlagene Konzept bedarf einer inhaltlichen Ausgestaltung. Hierzu sind die für die einzelnen Teilschritte und Problemstellungen relevanten länder-, leistungsangebots- und vor allem abnehmerbezogenen Variablen einzeln oder in Kombination für Segmentierungszwecke auszuwählen. Im Vordergrund steht hier vor allem die Erörterung und Analyse der leistungsangebotsbezogenen und vor allem der abnehmerbezogenen Segmentierungskriterien. Dabei sind die zwei folgenden hierarchisch miteinander verbundenen Marktkategorien zu betrachten: die Modellklasse einerseits und die dazugehörigen Abnehmersegmente andererseits. Während zunächst die Modellklassifizierung als Marktabgrenzung gemäß dem vorgeschlagenen Segmentierungsmodell auf internationaler Ebene zu betrachten ist, stellt die anschließend vorzunehmende Abnehmersegmentierung eine detailliertere Marktsegmentierung — zunächst auf intranationaler, später auf transnationaler Ebene — dar, wobei ihr damit eine besondere Bedeutung zukommt. Im Hinblick auf die Problemstellung und die internationale Einsatzfähigkeit sind für beide Teilbereiche die wichtigsten — aus Literatur und Praxis bekannten — Segmentierungskriterien zu untersuchen und einem Bewertungsschema zuzuführen, das die Vor- und Nachteile der jeweiligen Variablen verdeutlicht. Zunächst soll jedoch nochmals auf die geographischen Variablen eingegangen werden.
In Response: (2010)

Tham, Clement C. Y. FRCS* †; Leung, Dexter Y. L. FRCS* †; Kwong, Yolanda Y. Y. MRCS* †; Li, Felix C. H. MRCS* †; Lai, Jimmy S. M. MD, FRCOphth* ‡; Lam, Dennis S. C. MD, RCOphth* † Author Information
Analysis of the properties of median and weighted median filters using threshold logic and stack filter representation (1991)

The deterministic properties of weighted median (WM) filters are analyzed. Threshold decomposition and the stacking property together establish a unique relationship between integer and binary domain filtering. The authors present a method to find the weighted median filter which is equivalent to a stack filter defined by a positive Boolean function. Because the cascade of WM filters can always be expressed as a single stack filter this allows expression of the cascade of WM filters as a single WM filter. A direct application is the computation of the output distribution of a cascade of WM filters. The same method is used to find a nonrecursive expansion of a recursive WM filter. As applications of theoretical results, several interesting deterministic and statistical properties of WM filters are derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and characterization of highly stable bonded phases for high-performance liquid chromatography column packings (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of highly stable bonded phases for high-performance liquid chromatography column packingsJ. J. Kirkland, J. L. Glajch, and R. D. FarleeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 1, 2–11Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00176a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00176a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1074Altmetric-Citations248LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resolution recovery for Compton camera using origin ensemble algorithm (2011)

Spatial resolution that can be achieved by a Compton camera (CC) is limited by finite energy and spatial resolutions of camera's detectors and by Doppler broadening. In principle, modeling of these effects in image reconstruction would allow for at least partial recovery of the lost resolution. Unfortunately, a substantial increase in computing time precludes practical implementations of such modeling when using standard iterative reconstruction algorithms, such as Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM). In this work we propose a new method to model resolution degrading effects using origin ensemble (OE) image reconstruction algorithm. The basic principle of the resolution recovery with OE is the stochastic modeling of distributions of deposited energies and locations of photon interactions within the detectors. To test the developed algorithm we designed a high sensitivity CC aimed at small animal/mammography imaging, with scatter and absorption detectors replaced by a single thick, multi-layer CZT detector. The simulated radioactive source consisted of four 3 mm in diameter hot spheres placed in a warm background. Single detection of 511 keV photons was modeled. Results show that proposed method substantially improved not only image resolution but also quantitative accuracy of the reconstructed activity distributions.
Smart sensors for small rodent observation (2008)

Working towards the observation of rats (and other small rodents) in the wild we have developed tools that will enable us to study their behavior using a wireless network of wearable sensor nodes. The space and weight constraints resulting from the size of the animals have led to simple but functional approaches for vocalization classification and position estimation. For the resulting data we have developed novel, delay-tolerant routing and collection strategies. These are expected to be used in a sparse, dynamic network resulting from various rats being tagged with our nodes and running around freely - an area that will eventually be too big to be covered solely by stationary data sinks. Furthermore, the system is designed to extract information on the social interactions between animals from the routing data. It currently works in an indoor environment and we are preparing it for tests in a controlled outdoor setup.
Compact Low-Power Impedance-to-Digital Converter for Sensor Array Microsystems (2009)

With the rapid progress in CMOS compatible microfabrication of biosensors, there is an emerging need to miniaturize biosensor arrays onto the surface of silicon chips that acquire and process sensor data, permitting improved sensitivity, cost and throughput. In this paper, a low power circuit that extracts and digitizes sensor impedance information is presented. Composed of a novel multiplying integrator and a unique bidirectional counter/shifter, the circuit shares resources for impedance extraction and digitization to maximize hardware efficiency. The extremely compact size of the circuit enables the implementation of sensor array microsystems with simultaneous multi-channel readout. Fabricated in 0.5 mum CMOS, the circuit consumes 6 muW at 3 V and occupies only 0.06 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , permitting over 100 readout channels within a 3 times 3 mm die. Circuit performance has been verified with a biosensor for gramicidin ion channel embedded in a tethered bilayer lipid membrane.
Spatial Periodicities in Partially Coherent Fields (1983)

If the mutual intensity of partially coherent illumination is periodic in the lateral direction then it is also periodic in the longitudinal direction. This statement is proved for quasi-monochromatic light and for a cosine periodicity. Next an experimental set-up for the production of periodic mutual intensities is proposed. Finally, the theoretical result is generalized to other than cosine-shaped periodicities.