gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled Excitation of Supermodes in a Multicore Fiber with a 5 × 5 Square Array of Strongly Coupled Cores (2021)

Coherent propagation of supermodes in a multicore fiber is promising for power scaling of fiber laser systems, eliminating the need for the active feedback system to maintain the phases between the channels. We studied the propagation of broadband pulsed radiation at a central wavelength of 1030 nm in a multicore fiber with coupled cores arranged in a square array. We designed and fabricated a silica multicore fiber with a 5 × 5 array of cores. For controllable excitation of a desired supermode, we developed a beam-forming system based on a spatial light modulator. We experimentally measured intensity and phase distributions of the supermodes, in particular, the in-phase and out-of-phase supermodes, which matched well the numerically calculated profiles. We obtained selective excitation and coherent propagation of broadband radiation with the content of the out-of-phase supermode of up to 90% maintained without active feedback. Using three-dimensional numerical modeling with allowance for a refractive index profile similar to those of the developed fiber, we demonstrated stable propagation of the out-of-phase supermode and collapse of the in-phase supermode at a high signal power.
Characteristics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced in wistar rats following four different diets (2015)

The 15 g/rat/day diet composed of 51% fat or 61% carbohydrates enriched mainly in fructose may induce characteristics of NAFLD in rats.
Low-Frequency Self-Powered Footstep Sensor Based on ZnO Nanowires on Paper Substrate (2016)

In this work, we design and fabricate a wireless system with the main operating device based on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires. The main operating device is based on piezoelectric nanogenerator (NG) achieved using ZnO nanowires grown hydrothermally on paper substrate. The fabricated NG is capable of harvesting ambient mechanical energy from various kinds of human motion, e.g., footsteps. The harvested electric output has been used to serve as a self-powered pressure sensor. Without any storage device, the signal from a single footstep has successfully triggered a wireless sensor node circuit. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using ZnO nanowire piezoelectric NG as a low-frequency self-powered sensor, with potential applications in wireless sensor networks.
Developmental control of the G1 to S transition in Drosophila: cyclin Eis a limiting downstream target of E2F. (1995)

The E2F transcription factor is required for S phase in Drosophila. While it also triggers expression of replication genes at the G1-S transition, the relevance of this transcription is not clear because many of the induced gene products are sufficiently stable that new expression is not required for S phase. However, one unstable product could couple S phase to E2F activation. Here we show that cyclin E expression at G1-S requires E2F, that activation of E2F without cyclin E is not sufficient for S phase, and that early in G1 ectopic expression of cyclin E alone can bypass E2F and induce S phase. We conclude that cyclin E is the downstream gene that couples E2F activity to G1 control. Not all embryonic cycles are similarly coupled to E2F activation, however. The rapidly proliferating CNS cells, which exhibit no obvious G1, express cyclin E constitutively and independently to E2F. Instead, cyclin E expression activates E2F in the CNS. Thus, this tissue-specific E2F-independent transcription of cyclin E reverses the hierarchical relationship between cyclin E and E2F. Both hierarchies activate expression of the full complement of replication functions controlled by E2F; however, whereas inactivation of E2F can produce a G1 when cyclin E is downstream of E2F, we propose that an E2F-independent source of E eliminates G1.
A New Robot Fly Design That is Easier to Fabricate and Capable of Flight and Ground Locomotion (2018)

Efforts to engineer insect-sized (~100 mg) robots are motivated by their potential advantages relative to larger robots, such as greater deployment numbers at the same cost. Previous iterations have demonstrated controlled flight, but were limited in terms of locomotion capabilities outside of flight. They also consisted of many parts, making them difficult to fabricate. Here we present a re-design that lowers the center of mass, allowing the robot to additionally land without the need for long legs. Furthermore, we show that the new design allows for wing-driven ground locomotion. This is achieved by varying the speed of downstroke relative to the upstroke of the flapping wings, which also allows for steering. By landing and subsequently moving along the ground, the robot can negotiate extremely confined spaces and underneath obstacles, as well as navigate to precise locations for sensing operations. The new design also drastically reduces the number of parts, simplifying fabrication. We describe the new design in detail and present results demonstrating these capabilities, as well as feedback-stabilized flights.
Enhanced linear photonic nanojet generated by core-shell optical microfibers (2017)

The generation of linear photonic nanojet using core-shell optical microfiber is demonstrated numerically and experimentally in the visible light region. The power flow patterns for the core-shell optical microfiber are calculated by using the finite-difference time-domain method. The focusing properties of linear photonic nanojet are evaluated in terms of length and width along propagation and transversal directions. In experiment, the silica optical fiber is etched chemically down to 6 &mu;m diameter and coated with metallic thin film by using glancing angle deposition. We show that the linear photonic nanojet is enhanced clearly by metallic shell due to surface plasmon polaritons. The large-area superresolution imaging can be performed by using a core-shell optical microfiber in the far-field system. The potential applications of this core-shell optical microfiber include micro-fluidics and nano-structure measurements.
Production and recovery of defects in phosphorus-implanted ZnO (2004)

Phosphorus ions were implanted in ZnO single crystals with energies of 50–380keV having total doses of 4.2×1013–4.2×1015cm−2. Positron annihilation measurements reveal the introduction of vacancy clusters after implantation. These vacancy clusters grow to a larger size after annealing at a temperature of 600°C. Upon further annealing up to a temperature of 1100°C, the vacancy clusters gradually disappear. Raman-scattering measurements reveal the enhancement of the phonon mode at approximately 575cm−1 after P+ implantation, which is induced by the production of oxygen vacancies (VO). These oxygen vacancies are annealed out up to a temperature of 700°C accompanying the agglomeration of vacancy clusters. The light emissions of ZnO are suppressed after implantation. This is due to the competing nonradiative recombination centers introduced by implantation. The recovery of the light emission occurs at temperatures above 600°C. The vacancy-type defects detected by positrons might be part of the nonradiative recombination centers. The Hall measurement indicates an n-type conductivity for the P+-implanted ZnO layer, suggesting that phosphorus is an amphoteric dopant.
Insights into the sonochemical synthesis and properties of salt-free intrinsic plutonium colloids (2017)

Fundamental knowledge on intrinsic plutonium colloids is important for the prediction of plutonium behaviour in the geosphere and in engineered systems. The first synthetic route to obtain salt-free intrinsic plutonium colloids by ultrasonic treatment of PuO<sub>2</sub> suspensions in pure water is reported. Kinetics showed that both chemical and mechanical effects of ultrasound contribute to the mechanism of Pu colloid formation. In the first stage, fragmentation of initial PuO<sub>2</sub> particles provides larger surface contact between cavitation bubbles and solids. Furthermore, hydrogen formed during sonochemical water splitting enables reduction of Pu(IV) to more soluble Pu(III), which then re-oxidizes yielding Pu(IV) colloid. A comparative study of nanostructured PuO<sub>2</sub> and Pu colloids produced by sonochemical and hydrolytic methods, has been conducted using HRTEM, Pu L<sub>III</sub>-edge XAS, and O K-edge NEXAFS/STXM. Characterization of Pu colloids revealed a correlation between the number of Pu-O and Pu-Pu contacts and the atomic surface-to-volume ratio of the PuO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. NEXAFS indicated that oxygen state in hydrolytic Pu colloid is influenced by hydrolysed Pu(IV) species to a greater extent than in sonochemical PuO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. In general, hydrolytic and sonochemical Pu colloids can be described as core-shell nanoparticles composed of quasi-stoichiometric PuO<sub>2</sub> cores and hydrolyzed Pu(IV) moieties at the surface shell.
VQuality of wheat bread incorporated with different levels of peach palm flour (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) (Kualiti roti gandum yang diadun dengan pelbagai tahap tepung Bactris gasipaes Kunth) (2012)

Different levels (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) of peach palm flour were incorporated into wheat flour and their effects on the quality of bread were investigated. Data showed that the nutritional value of wheat flour, in terms of fibre and total carotenoids, improved significantly with the addition of peach palm flour. Rheological measurements, using farinograph and amilograph instruments,showed that the addition of peach palm flour increased the water absorption capacity of the flour mixture up to 12% but decreased the other rheological characteristics. The gelatinization temperature and the temperature at the end of gelatinization increased up to 3 and 14.5 °C respectively, but the viscosity decreased. The bread volume increased between 250–600 ml with the addition of peach palm flour. Textural properties of the bread indicated that the compression force increased between 63–523, 133–1030 and 160–726 g force and the shear force decreased between 26–873, 232–908 and 243–1066 g force on first, second and third day of storage respectively, with increasing levels of peach palm flour. Sensory analysis of the bread showed an improvement in the overall quality of the composite flour. Incorporation of peach palm flour further retards the staling rate of bread. Among the samples, panellists preferred the bread incorporated with l0% and 15% peach palm flour.

		Keywords: composite flour; peach palm; nutritional value; dough rheology; bread quality
Failure of High Flow Nasal Cannula and Subsequent Intubation Is Associated With Increased Mortality as Compared to Failure of Non-Invasive Ventilation and Mechanical Ventilation Alone: A Real-World Retrospective Analysis (2020)

In a real-world retrospective analysis, use of HFNC was associated with increased mortality as compared to BiPAP and IMV alone. Further study is needed to confirm these associations.
Coiled Tubing Deployment of 3.5 " Tubing To Be Used As Offshore Gas Pipeline (1995)

Abstract In the past innumerable pipelines, both onshore and offshore, have been replaced by a variety of methods. These have ranged from replacement of the pipeline to a sliplining of it by different means. These methods have different advantages and disadvantages due to the circumstances in which it is implemented. Several have environmental drawbacks and others suffer as a result of the large amount of equipment and personnel required to perform them. In order to minimize the time required to install a replacement gas pipeline SWEPI investigated the possibility of using coil tubing for this application. Upon presenting the scenario to Schlumberger Dowell the project left the realm of conjecture and began to be viewed as a viable option . The project consisted of the installation of one 3.5″ coil tubing slip liner and two communications cables in the existing 8″ gas production pipeline from SWEPT s Platform Emmy to the onshore receiving area at SWEPI's Huntington Beach Production Unit, Huntington Beach, California. This paper details the operational and design considerations that were involved in the project and illustrates one of the methods that have caused coil tubing to be such an innovative and indeed integral segment of well servicing.
Calcineurin activation causes retinal ganglion cell degeneration. (2012)

Calcineurin activation is sufficient to cause RGC dendritic degeneration and optic nerve damage. These data support the hypothesis that calcineurin activation is an important mediator of RGC degeneration, and are consistent with the hypothesis that calcineurin activation may contribute to RGC neurodegeneration in glaucoma.
Accuracy of Phenotypic and Genotypic Testing for Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Description of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae sp. nov (2004)

We have identified an unusual group of viridans group streptococci that resemble Streptococcus pneumoniae. DNA-DNA homology studies suggested that a subset of these isolates represent a novel species that may be included in the S. oralis-S. mitis group of viridans group streptococci. We suggest that this novel species be termed Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae. A combination of phenotypic and genetic reactions allows its identification. S. pseudopneumoniae strains do not have pneumococcal capsules, are resistant to optochin (inhibition zones, less than 14 mm) when they are incubated under an atmosphere of increased CO2 but are susceptible to optochin (inhibition zones, >14 mm) when they are incubated in ambient atmospheres, are not soluble in bile, and are positive by the GenProbe AccuProbe Pneumococcus test. The bile solubility test is more specific than the optochin test for identification of S. pneumoniae. Genetic tests for pneumolysin (ply) and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (sodA) and identification tests with a commercial probe, AccuProbe Pneumococcus, do not discriminate between the new species and S. pneumoniae.
Remote Attestation via Self-Measurement (2018)

Remote attestation (RA) is a popular means of detecting malware in embedded and IoT devices. RA is usually realized as an interactive protocol, whereby a trusted party ( verifier ) measures software integrity of a potentially compromised remote device ( prover) . Early work focused on purely software-based and fully hardware-based techniques, neither of which is ideal for low-end embedded devices. More recent results yielded hybrid (SW/HW) architectures with a minimal set of features to support efficient and secure RA on low-end devices. All prior techniques require on-demand operation , i.e., RA is performed in real time . We identify some drawbacks of this general approach in the context of unattended devices: First, it fails to detect mobile malware that enters and leaves prover between successive RA instances. Second, it requires prover to engage in a potentially expensive (in terms of time and energy) computation, which can be harmful for mission-critical or real-time devices. To address these drawbacks, we introduce the concept of self-measurement , whereby prover periodically and securely measures and records its own software state, based on a pre-established schedule. A (possibly untrusted) verifier occasionally collects and verifies these measurements. We present the design of a concrete technique, called Efficient Remote Attestation via Self-Measurement for Unattended Settings, (ERASMUS), justify its features and evaluate its performance. In the process, we also define a new metric, Quality of Attestation (QoA). We believe that ERASMUS is well suited for time-sensitive and/or safety-critical applications that are not served well by on-demand RA. Finally, we show that ERASMUS is a promising stepping stone toward handling attestation of multiple devices (i.e., a group or swarm) with high mobility.
An automatic volume control for preserving intelligibility (2011)

A new method has been developed to adjust volume automatically on all audio devices equipped with at least one microphone, including mobile phones, personal media players, headsets, and car radios, that might be used in noisy environments, such as crowds, cars, and outdoors. The method uses a patented set of algorithms, implemented on the chips in such devices, to preserve constant intelligibility of speech in noisy environments, rather than constant signal-to-noise ratio. The algorithms analyze the noise background in real time and compensate only for fluctuating noise in the frequency domain and the time domain that interferes with intelligibility of speech. Advantages of this method of controlling volume include: Controlling volume without sacrificing clarity; adjusting only for persistent speech-interference noise; smoothing volume fluctuations; and eliminating static-like bursts caused by noise spikes. Practical human-factors approaches to implementing these algorithms in mobile phones are discussed.
A chaotic attractor with cellular neural networks (1991)

A chaotic attractor has been observed with a nonautonomous cellular neural network (CNN) using an opposite-sign template. The network consists of only two cells and is driven by a sinusoidal input. It possesses the horseshoe structure. The map shows multiple strongly stretching and folding processes of the volume of flow. The attractor has interesting fractal structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The human serotonin receptor 2B (2004)

Our data are the first suggesting that HTR2B contributes to brain architecture and pathways that are involved in illegal drug reward.
ChemInform Abstract: Manufacturing of Porous Functional Structures: Design of Catalysts (2013)

Abstract Review: 31 refs.
Microfluidic Analysis of Complex Samples with Minimal Sample Preparation Using Gradient Elution Moving Boundary Electrophoresis (2009)

Sample-in answer-out analytical tools remain the goal of much lab on a chip research, but miniaturized methods capable of examining minimally prepared samples have proven elusive. Complex samples, including whole milk, various types of dirt and leaves, coal fly ash, and blood serum, were analyzed quantitatively for dissolved potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, lithium, and melamine using gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE) and contactless conductivity detection with the single preparatory step of dilution or suspension in sample buffer. GEMBE is a simple, robust analytical technique, well-suited to microfluidic analysis of complex samples containing material, such as particulates or proteins, that would confound the majority of other microfluidic techniques. GEMBE utilizes electrophoretic flow to drive electrically charged analytes into a microfluidic channel or capillary for detection, while opposing electro-osmotic and variable pressure-driven flows prevent the remainder of the sample from entering the channel. Contactless conductivity detection further simplifies device construction and operation, positioning GEMBE for inexpensive and facile multiplexed implementation outside laboratory settings.
Diabetes and Sleep Disturbances (2003)

These data suggest that diabetes is associated with periodic breathing, a respiratory abnormality associated with abnormalities in the central control of ventilation. Some sleep disturbances may result from diabetes through the deleterious effects of diabetes on central control of respiration. The high prevalence of SDB in diabetes, although largely explained by obesity and other confounders, suggests the presence of a potentially treatable risk factor for CVD in the diabetic population.
Comparative evaluation of visualization and experimental results using image comparison metrics (2002)

Comparative evaluation of visualization and experiment results is a critical step in computational steering. In this paper, we present a study of image comparison metrics for quantifying the magnitude of difference between a visualization of a computer simulation and a photographic image captured from an experiment. We examined eleven metrics, including three spatial domain, four spatial-frequency domain and four HVS (human-vision system) metrics. Among these metrics, a spatial-frequency domain metric called 2nd-order Fourier comparison was proposed specifically for this work. Our study consisted of two stages: base cases and field trials. The former is a general study on a controlled comparison space using purposely selected data, and the latter involves imagery results from computational fluid dynamics and a rheological experiment. This study has introduced a methodological framework for analyzing image-level methods used in comparative visualization. For the eleven metrics considered, it has offered a set of informative indicators as to the strengths and weaknesses of each metric. In particular, we have identified three image comparison metrics that are effective in separating similar and different image groups. Our 2nd-order Fourier comparison metric has compared favorably with others in two of the three tests, and has shown its potential to be used for steering computer simulation quantitatively.
Obligatory reflexivity in a Minimalist grammar of Afrikaans (2014)

This paper deals with the phenomenon of obligatory reflexivity in Afrikaans. Adopting the general framework of Minimalist Syntax, an attempt is made to develop a novel analysis of this phenomenon that can provide a conceptually adequate account for the facts, and that is amenable to extension beyond Afrikaans. The basic idea underlying the proposed “nominal shell analysis (of obligatory reflexivity)” (NSA) is that two expressions which enter into an obligatory coreferential relationship – in this case, the reflexive and its antecedent – are initially merged into the same constituent. It is proposed that these two expressions form part of a nominal shell structure which is headed by an identity focus light noun n, a functional category which belongs to a natural class of identificational (or quantificational) elements. This n represents the locus of the –self suffix that is normally found with reflexive pronouns in Afrikaans. The coreferential relationship between the reflexive and its antecedent is established in this nominal shell via phi(φ)-feature valuation, with the light noun acting as intermediary. It is claimed that the NSA can provide an empirically adequate account of the relevant facts without appealing to any theoretical devices or features that are not provided by or that are incompatible with the basic assumptions and concepts of Minimalist Syntax.
Improving Separation of Oil and Water Using a Novel Coalescing Centrifugal Pump (2017)

Abstract A novel centrifugal pump, which increases oil droplet sizes in produced water, has been developed. This paper investigates a concept of pumping pressure optimization with respect to downstream separation efficiency, for the new pump. The investigation shows that the coalescing centrifugal pump always increases the separation efficiency of a downstream hydrocyclone. Furthermore, it is seen that the pumping pressure can be adjusted to maximize the improvement. Experimental results demonstrate how pumping conditions, which minimize the volume fraction of droplets with a diameter smaller than the cut size of the hydrocyclone, maximize the separation efficiency. Finally, it is exemplified how the concept of pumping pressure optimization can be implemented in a typical produced water treatment plant.