gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mycosis Fungoides of the Mastoid, Middle Ear, and CNS (1983)

Facial nerve paralysis developed in a man with tumor-stage mycosis fungoides (MF). Mastoidectomy disclosed that MF had involved the mastoid and middle ear. Meningeal lymphoma, confirmed by the finding of Sézary cells in the CSF, was subsequently established. Autopsy disclosed MF lymphoma in the leptomeninges, medulla, spinal cord, and cranial nerves. A unique feature was the formation of a communicating hydrocephalus. Case reports of 23 patients with MF of the CNS, including 21 autopsies, are reviewed. Practically all had tumor-stage or erythrodermic MF. Atypical mononuclear cells were found ante mortem in the CSF in eight patients. In contrast to other CNS lymphomas, bone marrow involvement was uncommon. Cranial, especially facial, nerve paralyses were often premonitory signs of meningeal lymphomas. Patients with MF having such symptoms should have cytologic examination of the CSF.
Data from β-Catenin Activation Is Associated with Specific Clinical and Pathologic Characteristics and a Poor Outcome in Adrenocortical Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is frequent in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and might be associated with a more aggressive phenotype. The objective of this study was to assess the prognostic value of β-catenin immunohistochemistry and &lt;i&gt;CTNNB1&lt;/i&gt; (β-catenin gene)/&lt;i&gt;APC&lt;/i&gt; (adenomatous polyposis coli gene) mutations in patients with resected primary ACC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental design:&lt;/b&gt; In 79 patients with resected primary ACC from a French cohort (Cochin-COMETE), β-catenin expression was assessed on tumor specimens by immunohistochemistry. For patients with available DNA (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 49), &lt;i&gt;CTNNB1&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;APC hotspot&lt;/i&gt; (mutation cluster region), were sequenced. Association between these results and the clinicopathologic characteristics of the ACC and overall and disease-free survival were studied. Results were confirmed on a tissue microarray from an independent multicentric cohort of 92 ACC from Germany (German-ENSAT cohort).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In the Cochin-COMETE cohort, the presence of a β-catenin nuclear staining was significantly associated with a higher ENSAT tumor stage (i.e., stages III and IV), higher Weiss score, more frequent necrosis, mitoses, and &lt;i&gt;CTNNB1&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;APC&lt;/i&gt; mutations. β-Catenin nuclear staining and the presence of &lt;i&gt;CTNNB1&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;APC&lt;/i&gt; mutations were both associated with decreased overall and disease-free survival, and were independent predictive factors of survival in multivariate analysis. The same results were observed in the German-ENSAT cohort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Wnt/β-catenin activation, confirmed by the presence of β-catenin nuclear staining, is an independent prognostic factor of overall and disease-free survival in patients with resected primary ACC. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(2); 206–11. ©2010 AACR&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(2); 328–36. ©2010 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Stereotactic brain biopsies in AIDS patients--early local experience. (2000)

The early experience is that stereotactic brain biopsy is useful in patients with AIDS and cerebral lesions. The etiology is confirmed in the majority of cases and impacts on management decisions and prognostication.
<title>Computational challenges of emerging novel true 3D holographic displays</title> (2000)

A hologram can produce all the 3D depth cues that the human visual system uses to interpret and perceive real 3D objects. As such it is arguably the ultimate display technology. Computer generated holography, in which a computer calculates a hologram that is then displayed using a highly complex modulator, combines the ultimate qualities of a traditional hologram with the dynamic capabilities of a computer display producing a true 3D real image floating in space. This technology is set to emerge over the next decade, potentially revolutionizing application areas such as virtual prototyping (CAD-CAM, CAID etc.), tactical information displays, data visualization and simulation. In this paper we focus on the computational challenges of this technology. We consider different classes of computational algorithms from true computer-generated holograms (CGH) to holographic stereograms. Each has different characteristics in terms of image qualities, computational resources required, total CGH information content, and system performance. Possible trade- offs will be discussed including reducing the parallax. The software and hardware architectures used to implement the CGH algorithms have many possible forms. Different schemes, from high performance computing architectures to graphics based cluster architectures will be discussed and compared. Assessment will be made of current and future trends looking forward to a practical dynamic CGH based 3D display.
Catalytic synthesis of homoallyloxyalcohols and 1,2-bis(homoallyloxy)ethanes through ring-opening allylation of cyclic acetals with allylsilanes over solid acids (2011)

Ring-opening allylation of cyclic acetals with allylsilanes afforded silyl ethers using a silica–alumina catalyst. For example, the reaction of 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane with allyltrimethylsilane gave the corresponding silyl ether in 83% yield. After the allylation, addition of water to the reaction mixture allowed hydrolysis of the silyl ether to afford the homoallyloxyalcohol in 77% yield based on the acetal used. The reaction pathway of the silica–alumina-catalyzed allylation was examined. Solid-state 13C and 29Si NMR analyses revealed the generation of SiMe3 groups on the silica–alumina surface. The part of the (surface)–O–SiMe3 groups was found to be an active site for the allylation reaction. During the silica–alumina-catalyzed allylation, a small amount of 1,2-bis(homoallyloxy)ethane formed as a co-product. The selectivity toward the 1,2-bis(homoallyloxy)ethane increased from 7% to 60% using H+-montmorillonite instead of silica–alumina. Detailed reaction pathways for the syntheses of 1,2-bis(homoallyloxy)ethanes were also investigated.
Experimental Study of Flexible Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pumping for Electronics Cooling (2020)

Abstract As modern-day electronics develop, electronic devices become smaller, more powerful, and are expected to operate in more diverse configurations. However, the thermal control systems that help these devices maintain stable operation must advance as well to meet the demands. One such demand is the advent of flexible electronics for wearable technology, medical applications, and biology-inspired mechanisms. This paper presents the design and performance characteristics of flexible electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pumps, based on EHD conduction pumping technology in macro- and mesoscales. Unlike mechanical pumps, EHD conduction pumps have no moving parts, can be easily adjusted to the microscale, and have been shown to generate and control the flow of refrigerants for electronics cooling applications. However, these pumping devices have only been previously tested in rigid configurations unsuitable for use with flexible electronics. In this work, for the first time, the net flow generated by flexible EHD conduction pumps is measured on a flat plane in various configurations. In this study, the results show that the flexible EHD conduction pumps are capable of generating significant flow velocities in all size scales considered in this study, with and without bending. This study also proves the viability of screen printing as a manufacturing method for these pumps. The selection of working fluid for EHD conduction pumping is also a topic of discussion. Novec Engineered Fluids have been a popular choice for EHD pumping; however, long-term testing has shown that some Novec fluids degrade over time.
Decentralized Reinforcement Learning for the Online Optimization of Distributed Systems (2008)

Reinforcement Learning:
Regulation of human NK-cell cytokine and chemokine production by target cell recognition (2009)

Natural killer (NK)-cell recognition of infected or neoplastic cells can induce cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. So far, it has been difficult to assess the relative contribution of multiple NK-cell activation receptors to cytokine and chemokine production upon target cell recognition. Using Drosophila cells expressing ligands for the NK-cell receptors LFA-1, NKG2D, DNAM-1, 2B4, and CD16, we studied the minimal requirements for secretion by freshly isolated, human NK cells. Target cell stimulation induced secretion of predominately proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Release of chemokines MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES was induced within 1 hour of stimulation, whereas release of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma occurred later. Engagement of CD16, 2B4, or NKG2D sufficed for chemokine release, whereas induction of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma required engagement of additional receptors. Remarkably, our results revealed that, upon target cell recognition, CD56(dim) NK cells were more prominent cytokine and chemokine producers than CD56(bright) NK cells. The present data demonstrate how specific target cell ligands dictate qualitative and temporal aspects of NK-cell cytokine and chemokine responses. Conceptually, the results point to CD56(dim) NK cells as an important source of cytokines and chemokines upon recognition of aberrant cells, producing graded responses depending on the multiplicity of activating receptors engaged.
Electrically Assisted Transdermal And Topical Drug Delivery (1998)

Percutaneous absorption is the development of transdermal drug delivery patches, as well as the treatment of skin disorders. The skin permeability of most drugs is low, but can be enhanced by several mechanisms including electric force.This volume provides coverage of assisted transdermal and topical delivery by the mechanisms of iontophoresis, ele
150-GHz RF SOI-CMOS Technology in Ultrathin Regime on Organic Substrate (2011)

This letter provides an experimental demonstration of high-performance industrial MOSFETs thinned down to 5.7 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> and transferred onto a 125- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> -thick polyethylene naphthalate foil. The die stack transferred onto the organic substrate comprises the 200-nm-thick active layer and the 5.5- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> -thick interconnection multilayer stack resulting in a light, compact, and bendable thin film. We unveil that dc and RF performances are invariant even for ultimate thinning down to the buried oxide layer. Furthermore, n-MOSFET performance is improved by <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{1.5}\times$</tex></formula> compared with previous work, and the first demonstration of 100-GHz p-MOSFETs on an organic substrate is presented. Unity-current-gain cutoff and maximum oscillation frequencies as high as 150/160 GHz for n-MOSFETs and 100/130 GHz for p-MOSFETs on a plastic substrate have been measured, respectively.
Synthesis and characterization of a series of novel perovskite-type LaMnO3/Keggin-type polyoxometalate hybrid nanomaterials for fast and selective removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions (2017)

In this paper, Keggin-type heteropoly acids H<sub>3</sub>PMo<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub> (PMo<sub>12</sub>), H<sub>3</sub>PW<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub> (PW<sub>12</sub>) and H<sub>4</sub>SiW<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub> (SiW<sub>12</sub>) were successfully supported on silica-coated perovskite type LaMnO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles by a simple acid-base reaction. These novel hybrid nanomaterials (denoted as LaMnO<sub>3</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>/PMo<sub>12</sub> (1), LaMnO<sub>3</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>/PW<sub>12</sub> (2), and LaMnO<sub>3</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>/SiW<sub>12</sub> (3)) were characterized by means of FT-IR, PXRD, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry, SEM, EDX, TEM and BET surface area analysis. Furthermore, the adsorption abilities of 1-3 were tested towards cationic methylene blue (MB) and anionic methyl orange (MO) dyes. The results revealed that the MB dye can be removed almost completely (≥98%) by adsorbents 1-3 in 1, 30 and 0.5 minutes, respectively. For the most efficient adsorbent 3, the effects of the initial concentration and the initial pH values of MB solution on its adsorption ability were examined. Furthermore, the selective adsorption of the hybrid materials towards mixed MB & MO solution was investigated. The nanomaterials 1-3 could be easily separated from the aqueous solution and reused several times without any impact on their adsorption abilities and structures.
Computational linear rheology of general branch-on-branch polymers (2006)

We present a general algorithm for predicting the linear rheology of branched polymers. While the method draws heavily on existing theoretical understanding of the relaxation processes in entangled polymer melts, a number of new concepts are developed to handle diverse polymer architectures including branch-on-branch structures. We validate the algorithm with experimental examples from model polymer architectures to fix the parameters of the model. We use experimentally determined parameters to generate a numerical ensemble of branched metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene resins. Application of our algorithm shows the importance of branch-on-branch chains in the system and predicts the linear rheology with good quantitative agreement over a wide range of branching density and molecular weight.
Fluorescence Microscopy-Based High-Throughput Screening for Factors Involved in Gene Silencing (2013)

Gene silencing in eukaryotes is a highly controlled process. It involves the concerted action of histone and DNA-modifying enzymes as well as transcription factors and chromatin-associated proteins. To understand how epigenetic gene silencing is regulated, it is important to identify the factors involved in this process. Here we describe an assay that allows high-throughput screening for factors involved in gene silencing. This assay exploits the susceptibility of the viral cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter to epigenetic silencing in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and uses reporter constructs with an optical readout to determine the gene silencing potential of candidate factors. This approach allows to study mechanisms and kinetics of gene silencing in living cells and to evaluate the role of DNA methyltransferases, histone-modifying enzymes, and other chromatin-associated factors during gene silencing.
Functional Importance of the Amino Terminus of Gqα (1996)

Gq alpha is palmitoylated at residues Cys9 and Cys10. Removal of palmitate from purified Gq alpha with palmitoylthioesterase in vitro failed to alter interactions of Gq alpha with phospholipase C-beta 1, the G protein beta gamma subunit complex, or m1 muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Mutants C9A, C10A, C9A/C10A, C9S/C10S, and truncated Gq alpha (removal of residues 1-6) were synthesized in Sf9 cells and purified. Loss of both Cys residues or truncation prevented palmitoylation of Gq alpha. However, truncated Gq alpha and the single Cys mutants activated phospholipase C-beta 1 normally, while the double Cys mutants were poor activators. Loss of both Cys residues impaired but did not abolish interaction of Gq alpha with m1 receptors. These Cys residues are thus important regardless of their state of palmitoylation. When expressed in HEK-293 or Sf9 cells, all of the proteins studied associated entirely or predominantly with membranes, although a minor fraction of nonpalmitoylated Gq alpha proteins accumulated in the cytosol of HEK-293 cells. When subjected to TX-114 phase partitioning, a significant fraction of all of the proteins, including those with no palmitate, was found in the detergent-rich phase. Removal of residues 1-34 of Gq alpha caused a loss of surface hydrophobicity as evidenced by complete partitioning into the aqueous phase. The Cys residues at the amino terminus of Gq alpha are thus important for its interactions with effector and receptor, and the amino terminus conveys a hydrophobic character to the protein distinct from that contributed by palmitate.
Interstrand cross-links arising from strand breaks at true abasic sites in duplex DNA (2017)

Interstrand cross-links are exceptionally bioactive DNA lesions. Endogenous generation of interstrand cross-links in genomic DNA may contribute to aging, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Abasic (Ap) sites are common lesions in genomic DNA that readily undergo spontaneous and amine-catalyzed strand cleavage reactions that generate a 2,3-didehydro-2,3-dideoxyribose sugar remnant (3'ddR5p) at the 3'-terminus of the strand break. Interestingly, this strand scission process leaves an electrophilic α,β-unsaturated aldehyde residue embedded within the resulting nicked duplex. Here we present evidence that 3'ddR5p derivatives generated by spermine-catalyzed strand cleavage at Ap sites in duplex DNA can react with adenine residues on the opposing strand to generate a complex lesion consisting of an interstrand cross-link adjacent to a strand break. The cross-link blocks DNA replication by ϕ29 DNA polymerase, a highly processive polymerase enzyme that couples synthesis with strand displacement. This suggests that 3'ddR5p-derived cross-links have the potential to block critical cellular DNA transactions that require strand separation. LC-MS/MS methods developed herein provide powerful tools for studying the occurrence and properties of these cross-links in biochemical and biological systems.
Non-square quadtree transform structure for HEVC (2012)

A new non-square quadtree transform structure is proposed to improve the coding efficiency of the HEVC video coding algorithm. The proposed method, designed for non-square inter prediction blocks, incorporates non-square transforms with the residual quadtree transform (RQT) structure. It improves the transform structure adaptation to complex image contents through exploiting the directional features and contours, breaking the limitation of the RQT structure when meeting with the directional scenarios. Through the test, both of satisfied subjective and objective performance improvement can be achieved and there is nearly no implementation cost and no encoding time increase of the proposed method.
Beta-Amylase Production by Bacillus polymyxa on a Corn Steep-Starch-Salts Medium (1980)

Bacteria were found that are capable of producing good yields of beta-amylase in unrefined media. The culture filtrates are free of alpha-amylase and isoamylase.
Proteomics methods to study methionine oxidation (2013)

The oxidation and consequent reduction of protein-bound methionine residues is of great interest in understanding different aspects of how oxidative stress affects protein functions and cellular signaling. To date, few technologies are available for the study of methionine sulfoxides. And, especially the absence of highly specific antibodies has impeded the field in understanding the exact role of methionine oxidation on a proteome-wide level. Nonetheless, the different models where the responsible enzymes for repair of the oxidized methionines have been studied show that there is an important role for this modification in a cellular context. We here review different mass spectrometry based and proteomics methods for characterizing in vivo methionine oxidation.
Treatment of yellow waters in intermittent percolation filter beds filled with activated carbon (2014)

The present work aims to study the performance of intermittent percolation beds (filter), filled with granular activated carbon, treating yellow waters in order to verify the potential of this technology as part of decentralized ecological systems of wastewater treatment. To verify the efficiency of filter the influent and treated effluent were characterized by physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. The filter filled with granular activated carbon showed a good performance in nitrogen recovery aside producing a well nitrified effluent with very good aesthetic quality, absence of faecal contamination indicators and without soil sodium hazard. Therefore, effluents of filters filled with activated carbon treating yellow waters appear to be an excellent natural fertilizer providing a significant recirculation of nutrients.
Molecular basis of pangolin ACE2 engaged by COVID-19 virus (2020)

<p indent="0mm">The virus caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 virus), also called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the seventh coronavirus that can infect humans, and belongs to the genus β-coronavirus in the family <italic>Coronaviridae</italic>. As of 5 November 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has caused &gt;47000000 confirmed cases and &gt;1200000 related deaths in 219 countries and regions, bringing great challenges to global public health. Currently, there is no approved therapeutics or vaccines for the treatment of this disease. Several studies suggested SARS-CoV-2 might have originated from bats based on phylogenetic analysis, but the intermediate host of the virus is still unknown. Besides humans, cats, dogs, tigers, lions, minks, and other species have been reported to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. Several studies have reported pangolins as the only other mammalian species carrying coronaviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 besides bats, and suggested pangolins might be the intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2. Previously, we and other groups identified the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of SARS-CoV, also functions as the entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2 and is recognized by the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S). Then, we elucidated the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 RBD and human ACE2 (hACE2) or cat ACE2 (cACE2), and also found that SARS-CoV-2 had broad potential host range, including domestic animals, companion pets and wild animals. In this study, we investigated the binding features of SARS-CoV-2 and two pangolin coronaviruses (pangolin-CoVs, GX/P2V/2017 and GD/1/2019) that recognize the receptors of both pangolin ACE2 (pACE2) and hACE2 using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and structural methods. We further determined the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 S (RBD) in complex with pACE2 at a 2.3 Å resolution, revealing the similarity in the binding mode between SARS-CoV-2 RBD to hACE2 and to cACE2. Interestingly, we found that the SARS-CoV-2 RBD-pACE2 complex is more similar to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD-hACE2 complex than to SARS-CoV-2 RBD-cACE2 complex. Furthermore, we modeled the interactions of GX/P2V/2017 RBD and GD/1/2019 RBD bound to pACE2 and hACE2, respectively, and found that both viruses adopted similar binding mode as SARS-CoV-2 RBD to pACE2 and hACE2. However, crystal structure and homology modeling implied that the interaction between the three RBDs and pACE2 were slightly weaker than their respective binding to hACE2, which was consistent with the receptor-RBD protein interaction measured by SPR. These results could facilitate better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 evolution, indicate the potential of pangolin-CoVs to enter human population that may lead to another outbreak, and highlight the importance of monitoring pangolin CoVs to prevent possible spillovers.