gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Uncertainty Analysis for a Mechanistic Multistage Fatigue Model (2007)

A quantitative approach is pre sented to evaluate the uncertainty of a microstructurebased multistage fatigue (MSF) model for fatigue life predictions and fatigue damage estimations. The microstructurally-based MSF model manifests the varying mechanisms of fatigue damage incubation, microstructurally and physically small crack growth, and long crack growth. The MSF model also incorporates the effects of microstructur al features in fatigue damage progression: 1) the size and morphology of discontinuities, such as intermetallic particles and casting pores, 2) primary and secondary dendrites in cast alloys, and 3) grain size and texture in wrought alloys. The MSF model lays a foundation to evaluate the stochastic symbiosis of fatigue cracks with microstructural features that induce large scatter in the fatigue life. The quantitative uncertainty analysis demonstrates analytically the sensitivity of the MSF model parameters, random microstructural features to the fatigue life and uncertainty propagation of each parameter with respect to the fatigue life. The uncertainty magnification factor and uncertainty percentage contribution of each model parameter are quantified to provide understanding of each parameter’s contribution to the overall fatigue behavior. This paper demonstrates that a mechanistic multistage fatigue model, with multiple parameters related directly to microstructur al features , induces less uncertainty in the results. The MSF model is a true high fidelity model that possesses great potential in structural prognosis in various applications.
Advances in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.What does neuroimaging provide us with? (2010)

In attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a multifactorial and clinically heterogeneous disorder that is the result of the combination of environmental, genetic and biological factors. Its high prevalence, added to the high level of maladaptation occurring in the children affected and the elevated comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders have lead to new scientific interest in this disorder. Especially in recent years, there has been a considerable increase in its study using neuroimaging techniques. Structural and functional imaging studies suggest that the ADHD pathophysiology would be conditioned by a dysfunction in the fronto-subcortical pathways, as well as imbalances in the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems.
Enhanced Mail System Status Codes (1996)

This document defines a set of extended status codes for use within
the mail system for delivery status reports, tracking, and improved
diagnostics. The in combination with other information provided in the
DSN delivery report, these codes facilitate media and language
independent rendering of message delivery status. Working Group
Summary RFC 1893 was a product of the Notary working group. This
document is a revision of that document providing clarifications as
necessary to advance to draft standard. Document Conventions
Apisimin, a new serine–valine‐rich peptide from honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) royal jelly: purification and molecular characterization1 (2002)

A peptide named apisimin was found in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) royal jelly (RJ). N-terminal sequencing showed that this peptide corresponded to the sequence of a cDNA clone isolated from an expression cDNA library prepared from heads of nurse honeybees. No homology was found between the protein sequence of apisimin with a molecular mass of 5540.4 Da and sequences deposited in the Swiss-Prot database. The 54 amino acids of apisimin do not include Cys, Met, Pro, Arg, His, Tyr, and Trp residues. The peptide shows a well-defined secondary structure as observed by CD spectroscopy, and has the tendency to form oligomers. Isoelectrofocusing showed apisimin to be an acidic peptide.
Reduced maternal regulatory T cell numbers and increased T helper type 2 cytokine production are associated with elevated levels of immunoglobulin E in cord blood (2010)

Because cord blood IgE has been shown to be predictive for allergic diseases in early childhood, our results indicate that reduced maternal Treg numbers and increased Th2 cytokine production during pregnancy might influence the allergy risk of the child.
RRT* and Goal-Driven Variable Admittance Control for Obstacle Avoidance in Manual Guidance Applications (2022)

In manual guidance robotic applications, like the handling of large and heavy objects in a cluttered environment, it is important to guarantee that the operator accurately reaches the goal position without collisions with working isles or other obstacles in the surrounding environment. When the transported object is bulky, the operator’s view is obstructed and the situation becomes more critical. In this work, a novel variable admittance control provides the operator with a directional haptic feedback about the best motion direction towards the goal. This feedback allows the user to accurately reach the target position in a cluttered environment, also in case his/her view is partially or totally obstructed. To select the best motion direction in a cluttered workspace, a tree-based structure rooted in the goal is optimally built offline to fully explore the environment free-space based on the workspace layout and regardless of the initial position. Then, at each time instant, the optimal motion direction is determined based on the current position with respect to the exploring structure and on the user motion intention. In this work, to build the tree structure, we adapt RRT* algorithm to the manual guidance context and we define a tailored cost function. The performance is evaluated in many scenarios with a variable number of obstacles of different shapes involving several subjects and a Comau Smart Six robot.
Li6PO5Br and Li6PO5Cl: The first Lithium‐Oxide‐Argyrodites (2010)

Abstract The title compounds Li 6 PO 5 Br ( F and Li 6 PO 5 Cl ( F represent the first oxidic argyrodites in general and the first lithiumoxoargyrodites in particular. The overall crystal structure corresponds to the cubic high temperature (HT) modification of all known cubic argyrodites, however, with a seemingly small but important difference concerning the lithium positions. In all other HT argyrodites with similar lithium content the 24 lithium atoms per unit cell are disordered over a 48 fold position in close vicinity to a 24 fold one causing a high mobility of the Li + . In the title compounds, however, they occupy the 24 fold one in a strictly ordered manner thus establishing a planar triangular first sphere coordination environment. This detail is of great importance for the amount of the specific lithium ionic conductivity and for the possible phase transition to an LT (low temperature) modification accompanied by an ordering of the disordered lithium atoms. Apparently the latter transition is suppressed in the title compounds because the Li + are already frozen out in the cubic (HT = LT) form. The initially open question how this structural peculiarity influences the ionic conductivity (strengthening or weakening in comparison to oxygen free argyrodites?) is answered by a series of impedance measurements. The specific lithium ionic conductivity of the title compounds in the range 313 K &lt; T &lt; 518 K is significantly lower than in oxygen free argyrodites.
Reactive Power Synchronization Method for Voltage-Sourced Converters (2019)

There is a growing interest in the parallel operation of voltage source converters (VSCs) both in an isolated microgrid or connected to the utility grid. The most common solution in the literature for the paralellization of VSCs is the so-called droop control, which brings about a relationship between active power and frequency. In this paper, a different approach is proposed where reactive power is used instead of active power to ensure synchronous operation. Active and reactive power are independently controlled using a dq-frame representation based on the vector oriented control, which inherently provides current limitation capability. A detailed dynamic model of the system is used to demonstrate the relation between reactive power and frequency. Due to the intrinsic synchronizing mechanism, the proposed scheme can operate in both isolated and grid-connected modes. As opposed to droop control schemes, active power is not used for synchronization and thus synchronization is possible even if active power is not controllable. Simulation and experimental results, for a case study where a VSC is connected to a host grid, are presented to validate the proposal.
An ecology-based analysis of irreversible biofouling in membrane bioreactors (2007)

To provide the first step towards a microbial ecology-based understanding of irreversible membrane biofouling, four laboratory-scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs) were operated to investigate the identity of bacterial populations highly correlated with irreversible membrane biofouling. The conventional MBR was divided into two separate experimental units. Unit one consisted of four suspended-growth, activated sludge, sequencing batch bioreactors treating a synthetic paper mill wastewater. Unit two consisted of a microfiltration membrane cell. Amplified ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid restriction analysis (ARDRA) was used to compare the predominant bacterial populations in samples of mixed liquor and irreversibly bound to the membrane surface. The results of ARDRA showed a significant difference between the planktonic and sessile bacterial communities suggesting that irreversible biofouling of microfiltration membranes may be more highly correlated to specific bacterial populations rather than the total, bulk concentration of biomass. A custom-built mini-flow cell and light microscopy were used to visualise the early formation of biofilms by two pure cultures (Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus) on membrane surfaces. The results confirmed that A. calcoaceticus was able to enhance the initiation of biofilm formation on microfiltration membranes.
Buprenorphine Use and Spending for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: Trends From 2003 to 2015 (2018)

Buprenorphine treatment costs were stable for health plans and declined for privately insured adults since 2003. Identifying remaining barriers to addressing the opioid addiction treatment gap is a priority.
New method for monolithic gap head (1990)

A novel monolithic gap (MG) head is proposed and its fabrication process is described for a VCR where the track width and the gap length cannot be determined in a mechanical manner but rather by applying such method as sputtering and photolithography. These methods were applied to a head process with a 50-mm/sup 2/ wafer, and the practical applicability of the process was confirmed. The performance of the head was also examined under the 8-mm video specifications, and it was confirmed that the output level and the frequency response were as good as those of the conventional bonding-type head.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Relationships between Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, follicle growth and ovulation rate in sheep (1996)

International audience
Experimental Study on Flow Transition in Dual Bell Nozzles (2010)

The dual bell nozzle is a concept of altitude adaptive nozzles. The flow adapts to the altitude by separating at the wall inflection at low altitude, and flowing full at high altitude. To understand the phenomenology of the flow by the transition from sea level to high altitude mode, a series of tests have been made under subscale cold flow conditions. Three nozzles with different geometries have been tested. Two of them were successively shortened and driven under the same conditions for each extension length. This study yields the influence of the geometric parameters of the base and extension on the transition conditions. Furthermore a prediction of the transition conditions is given.
Blocking Toll-Like Receptors 7 and 9 Reduces Postinterventional Remodeling via Reduced Macrophage Activation, Foam Cell Formation, and Migration (2012)

Blocking TLR7 and TLR9 reduced postinterventional vascular remodeling and foam cell accumulation indicating TLR7 and TLR9 as novel therapeutic targets.
Development of canine benign prostatic hyperplasia with age (1986)

The prevalence and growth of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in beagles as a function of age were studied. The normal prostate gland was 12 +/- 3 gm in beagles 2.1-3.0 years of age; this weight remained unchanged unless BPH developed. Histologic evidence of BPH developed at an early age with a prevalence of 16% of the dogs by the age 2 years. Fifty percent of the dogs had BPH, determined histopathologically by age 4.1-5.0 years. The average weight of the prostate gland remained constant until after age 8 years. With age, the pathologic features of BPH changed from glandular to the complex form, with no increase in prostate weight until after 8 years. Reinitiation of growth occurred and prostate weight increased to greater than 36 gm in eight of 185 beagles older than age 8 years.
Soluble guanylate cyclase activator BAY 54–6544 improves vasomotor function and survival in an accelerated ageing mouse model (2022)

DNA damage is a causative factor in ageing of the vasculature and other organs. One of the most important vascular ageing features is reduced nitric oxide (NO)soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling. We hypothesized that the restoration of NO-sGC-cGMP signaling with an sGC activator (BAY 54-6544) may have beneficial effects on vascular ageing and premature death in DNA repair-defective mice undergoing accelerated ageing. Eight weeks of treatment with a non-pressor dosage of BAY 54-6544 restored the decreased in vivo microvascular cutaneous perfusion in progeroid Ercc1<sup>∆/-</sup> mice to the level of wild-type mice. In addition, BAY 54-6544 increased survival of Ercc1<sup>∆/-</sup> mice. In isolated Ercc1<sup>∆/-</sup> aorta, the decreased endothelium-independent vasodilation was restored after chronic BAY 54-6544 treatment. Senescence markers p16 and p21, and markers of inflammation, including Ccl2, Il6 in aorta and liver, and circulating IL-6 and TNF-α were increased in Ercc1<sup>∆/-</sup> , which was lowered by the treatment. Expression of antioxidant genes, including Cyb5r3 and Nqo1, was favorably changed by chronic BAY 54-6544 treatment. In summary, BAY 54-6544 treatment improved the vascular function and survival rates in mice with accelerated ageing, which may have implication in prolonging health span in progeria and normal ageing.
NAD depletion mediates cytotoxicity in human neurons with autophagy deficiency (2023)

Autophagy is a homeostatic process critical for cellular survival, and its malfunction is implicated in human diseases including neurodegeneration. Loss of autophagy contributes to cytotoxicity and tissue degeneration, but the mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon remains elusive. Here, we generated autophagy-deficient (ATG5<sup>-/-</sup>) human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), from which we established a human neuronal platform to investigate how loss of autophagy affects neuronal survival. ATG5<sup>-/-</sup> neurons exhibit basal cytotoxicity accompanied by metabolic defects. Depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) due to hyperactivation of NAD-consuming enzymes is found to trigger cell death via mitochondrial depolarization in ATG5<sup>-/-</sup> neurons. Boosting intracellular NAD levels improves cell viability by restoring mitochondrial bioenergetics and proteostasis in ATG5<sup>-/-</sup> neurons. Our findings elucidate a mechanistic link between autophagy deficiency and neuronal cell death that can be targeted for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative and lysosomal storage diseases associated with autophagic defect.
How do you make a time series sing like a choir?: Using the Hilbert-Huang transform to extract embedded frequencies from economic or financial time series (2009)

The Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) was developed late last century but has still to be introduced to the vast majority of economists. The HHT transform is a way of extracting the frequency mode features of cycles embedded in any time series using an adaptive data method that can be applied without making any assumptions about stationarity or linear data-generating properties. This paper introduces economists to the two constituent parts of the HHT transform, namely empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert spectral analysis. Illustrative applications using HHT are also made to two financial and three economic time series.
Diastereoselective Friedel—Crafts Cyclization Reactions to 2‐Substituted 1‐Phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalenes. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
DNA separation on surfaces (2010)

Recent experimental work on DNA separation on surfaces reveals a power law behavior of the mobility with size. We employed a simple model that elucidates the observed power law trend. When the external electric field is barely larger than the critical value required for initiating translational motion, the mobility is approximately inversely proportional to the DNA size. At larger fields, mobility scales as N−α with 0&amp;lt;α&amp;lt;1, while showing oscillatory structure. Finally, at very large fields, mobility becomes size independent. Our model provides insight into separation mechanisms and presents numerical results that explain power law scaling.
Multiclass Boosting for Fast Multiclass Object Detection (2014)

In this thesis the problem of designing a fast multiclass object detector based on cascade architecture is considered. A classifier cascade is a sequence of simple to complex sub-classifiers where each stage either rejects the input or pass it to the next stage. Since most of the non-target inputs get rejected with the simple sub- classifiers in the early stages of the cascade, the overall classification will be fast. Since cascade sub- classifier are usually trained with Boosting algorithms, the thesis starts with proposing TaylorBoost which explains Boosting algorithms as iterative descent algorithms for minimizing Taylor expansion of risk of classification in function space. In the rest of this thesis TaylorBoost is used to derive appropriate Boosting algorithms based on the requirements of the problems. The main challenge in designing a classifier cascade is to tune speed-accuracy trade-off, e.g. more complex early stages in the cascade may increase accuracy but degrades speed of classification significantly. To address this issue, this thesis proposes a new Boosting algorithm, FCBoost, for designing a classifier cascade by minimizing a Lagrangian risk that jointly accounts for classification accuracy and speed of classification. While FCBoost enables designing cascade detectors for single class of objects, designing detectors for multiple objects is still problematic. This is because each of the object detectors has to be trained independently which results in many redundant computational complexity. To address this issue, the thesis next proposes a new multiclass Boosting framework, MCBoost. Combining FCBoost and MCBoost, makes it possible to learn detector cascade for detecting multiple objects. The remaining challenge is that in a multiclass cascade, early stages should implement binary target vs. non-target detectors of high simplicity and false-positive rate, and late stages should be multiclass classifiers of high accuracy and complexity to distinguish between target classes. The thesis proposes a method to manipulate cost of classification in MCBoost based on cascade false-positive rate to address this issue. Experiments on the problems of multi-view car detection and simultaneous detection of multiple traffic signs show that the proposed detector is faster and more accurate than previous approaches
Microwave Processing Techniques for Electron Microscopy: A Four-Hour Protocol (2003)

The use of microwave energy to reduce processing times during fixation for electron microscopy (EM) is well established in the literature (-). The microwave protocol described in this chapter is based on the work of Giberson et al. (,) and differs from the microwave literature in that each step (fixation, dehydration, embedding, and resin polymerization) in specimen processing is done in the microwave. The time savings gained from this approach are considerable and the results, based on our experience and that of others (,), are equal or better than those achieved from routine processing protocols.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF SMALL RING COMPOUNDS. PART 44. SOLVOLYSIS OF CYCLOPROPYL SULFIDES AND ETHERS (1981)

Abstract Die Methanolyse von Cyclopropylsulfid (Ia) oder ‐ether (III) vollzieht sich ohne Ringöffnung und führt zum Monothioacetal (IIa) bzw. dem Acetal (IV) mit Geschwindigkeitskonstanten erster Ordnung von (1.89‐2l.9)‐l0′5/s. Eine geminale Methylsubstitution wie z.B. (Ib) bewirkt eine Beschleunigung der Reaktion auf das 4.2 bis 17.6fache, ebenso wie der Ersatz von C1 durch Br bzw. die Variation des Alkylrestes in (Ic) relative Geschwindigkeiten von 23‐450 bezogen auf (Ia) sowie 0.65 für R′: Phenyl ergeben.
A proposed architecture for the GENI backbone platform (2006)

The GENI Project (Global Environment for Network Innovation) is a major NSF-sponsored initiative that seeks to create a national research facility to enable experimental deployment of innovative new network architectures on a sufficient scale to enable realistic evaluation. One key component of the GENI system will be the GENI Backbone Platform (GBP) that provides the resources needed to allow multiple experimental networks to co-exist within the shared GENI infrastructure. This paper reviews the objectives for the GBP, the key issues that affect its design and develops a reference architecture that provides a concrete example for how the objectives can be met, using commercially available subsystems.
Control flow modeling in statistical simulation for accurate and efficient processor design studies (2004)

Designing a new microprocessor is extremely time-consuming. One of the contributing reasons is that computer designers rely heavily on detailed architectural simulations, which are very time-consuming. Recent work has focused on statistical simulation to address this issue. The basic idea of statistical simulation is to measure characteristics during program execution, generate a synthetic trace with those characteristics and then simulate the synthetic trace. The statistically generated synthetic trace is orders of magnitude smaller than the original program sequence and hence results in significantly faster simulation. This paper makes the following contributions to the statistical simulation methodology. First, we propose the use of a statistical flow graph to characterize the control flow of a program execution. Second, we model delayed update of branch predictors while profiling program execution characteristics. Experimental results show that statistical simulation using this improved control flow modeling attains significantly better accuracy than the previously proposed HLS system. We evaluate both the absolute and the relative accuracy of our approach for power/performance modeling of superscalar microarchitectures. The results show that our statistical simulation framework can be used to efficiently explore processor design spaces.