gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A composition and size controllable approach for Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles (2012)

A capillary micro-reaction was established for the synthesis of Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with a flexible and controllable composition and grain size by tuning the synthesis temperature, the residence time, or the mole ratio of Au3+:Ag+. By extending the residence time from 5 to 900 s, enhancing the temperature from 120°C to 160°C, or decreasing the mole ratio of Au3+:Ag+ from 1:1 to 1:20, the composition of samples was changed continuously from Au-rich to Ag-rich. The particles became large with the increase of the residence time; however, synthesis temperatures showed less effect on the particle size change. The particle size of the Au-Ag alloy NPs with various composition could be kept by adjusting the mole ratio of Au3+:Ag+. TEM observation displayed that the as-obtained NPs were sphere-like with the smallest average size of 4.0 nm, which is half of those obtained by the traditional flask method.
[Contribution of cytokines to inflammatory mechanisms]. (1993)

A large number of cytokines are found within foci of inflammation. Two of these cytokines, namely interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), play a key role in orchestrating the mechanisms responsible for inflammation. These two cytokines induce production by many cells of lipid mediators, proteases, and free radicals, all of which play a direct role in development of the deleterious effects of inflammation. IL-1 and/or TNF exert cytotoxic effects on the vascular endothelium, cartilage, bone, muscle, or pancreatic beta-cell islets. Cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFN), IL-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), amplify the inflammatory response by increasing production of IL-1 and TNF by macrophages. Macrophages also produce other cytokines, such as IL-8 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), with chemoattractant properties that contribute to draw leucocytes to the site of inflammation. IL-6, produced in large amounts during inflammatory processes, induces the production of acute phase proteins by hepatocytes. IL-1, TNF, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) share this effect. TGF beta also has a number of anti-inflammatory effects. TGF beta, IL-4, and IL-10 inhibit production of IL-1 and TNF. Glucocorticoids also have this effect. Glucocorticoids can be produced as a result of a chain of events initiated by IL-1, TNF, and IL-6 and involving the neuro-endocrine axis. Other substances, such as IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 ra) or soluble forms of the TNF receptors, can specifically inhibit the effects of IL-1 and TNF. Cascade production of cytokines, inhibition, negative feed-back, and synergistic mechanisms are parameters that illustrate the concept of "cytokine network" and aptly characterize the role of these mediators in the mechanisms of inflammation.
Patient-Empowerment Interactive Technologies (2012)

Video games capture the rapt attention of an individual player's mind and body, providing new opportunities for personalized health care. An example of therapeutic interactive technologies is an incentive-based video game that translates physical exercise into mental empowerment via motivational metaphoric visualization in order to help patients psychologically overcome cancer. Such nonpharmacological interventions may enhance patients' resilience toward various chronic disorders via neuronal mechanisms that activate positive emotions and the reward system.
Protective Activity of S-PT84, a Heat-killed Preparation of Lactobacillus pentosus, against Oral and Gastric Candidiasis in an Experimental Murine Model (2014)

The effect of S-PT84, a heat-killed preparation of Lactobacillus pentosus on growth of Candida albicans was examined in vitro and in vivo. The mycelial growth was effectively inhibited by S-PT84 and seemed to bind to the hyphae. We assessed the potential of S-PT84 for treatment of oral and gastric candidiasis using a murine model. When 2 mg of S-PT84 was administered three times into the oral cavity of orally Candida infected mice, the score of lesions on the tongue was improved on day 2. When 50 μl and 200 μl of S-PT84 (10 mg/ml) were administered three times into the oral cavity (0.5 mg × 3) and the stomach (2 mg × 3) of the same mouse model, the number of viable Candida cells in the stomach was reduced significantly on day 2. These findings suggest the possibility that S-PT84 has potential as a food ingredient supporting anti-Candida treatment, especially for Candida infection in the gastrointestinal tract.
Effect of some elements on tool wear in Al-Mg alloy cutting. (1985)

Effect of additional elements such as Fe, Si, Mn, Cr, Ti and B on dry cutting tool wear of Al-4.5%Mg alloy was studied.The results are obtained as follows: (1) With the least amount addition of Ti and B to the alloy, the material, which contains very hard intermetallic compound such as TiB2, increases cutting tool wear resulted by abrasion. (2) Tool wear decreases as Fe content increases to the level of 0.2% and it gradually increases above 0.2%. The reason is that, when Fe content increases and, as a result, solute Fe content increases, it decreases greatly the diffusive tool wear between the adhesive layer of aluminum alloy and tool whereas the Al-Fe compounds increase as Fe content increases, resulting in the increase in the abrasive tool wear.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of Thiazolidine Derivatives. (1988)

Abstract The di(arylsulfonyl)‐2‐butyne (I) reacts with N,N'‐dimethylthiourea (II) to form the intermediate adduct (III) which is cyclized upon treatment with H 2 O and triethylamine, producing the di(arylsulfonylmethyl)iminothiazolidines (IV), together with the methylene derivative (V).
New insights into anterior cruciate ligament deficiency and reconstruction through the assessment of knee kinematic variability in terms of nonlinear dynamics (2011)

II.
Co-registration of doppler tissue synchronization imaging and computer tomography with an application to pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy (2007)

Dyssynchronous myocardial contraction can be treated with surgical implant of a pacing device. Integrated information of coronary anatomy and mechanical delay may be extremely beneficial to success of the implant but it is not available in current cardiac imaging modalities. The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of a point-merge co-registration approach to overcome the limitation. This study shows that our method is a reliable and fast tool useful not only to attain optimal left ventricular implantation site but also to better select patients that undergo cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Sag and tension calculations for overhead transmission lines at high temperatures-modified ruling span method (2002)

Summary form only given as follows. The ruling span concept is widely used to calculate sags and tensions for new overhead transmission lines and for upgrading existing lines. It provides satisfactory results for a level line with relatively uniform spans at any temperature, or for any span length of a level line at low temperature. The ruling span concept may result in an unacceptable error if it is used to calculate sags and tensions in a line segment with significantly unequal spans at high temperature. This paper presents a method to calculate sags and tensions of multi-span line segments at different temperatures based on the rotational stiffness of suspension insulator strings. A simple equation, based on the parabolic approximation is derived to calculate changes in the span lengths and conductor sags and tensions. The method follows the ruling span concept but relaxes the fundamental assumption of the ruling span method. The accuracy of the method is compared with the more complex, nonlinear, finite element method.
Toward an Understanding of the Factors Influencing Anhydrate-to-Hydrate Transformation Kinetics in Aqueous Environments (2008)

Approximately one-third of all drugs can form hydrates, and therefore an in-depth understanding of the factors affecting anhydrate-to-hydrate transformation kinetics in a variety of environments is of interest. In this work, real-time analytical methods, in the form of Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy, were used to establish representative transformation profiles and growth kinetics for hydrate formation of several drug substances. By comparing and contrasting the behavior of these different hydrates in terms of their specific properties such as solubility, dissolution rate, and growth rate of hydrate phase, and the influence of external factors such as seeding and agitation conditions, an increased understanding of hydrate formation has been achieved. The overall transformation rate from anhydrous to hydrate form was found to be not only a function of compound-specific properties, but was also strongly affected by surface properties and external factors such as the presence of seeds and the degree of shear forces.
Optical aberrations of the human anterior cornea (2003)

Anterior corneal wavefront aberrations varied greatly among subjects and increased slightly with aging. All corneas had positive 4th-order SAs, and the values did not change with aging. A moderate to high degree of mirror symmetry existed between right and left eyes.
Chromate transport in human leukocytes (1970)

Chromium is a trace metal of importance in human physiology and, in addition, as 51-chromate, has been extensively used as a label in the study of blood cell pool sizes and intravascular kinetics. The transport characteristics of 51-chromate were investigated in normal human leukocytes. Chromate uptake is unidirectional over a 1 hr incubation with extracellular chromate concentrations up to 200 mumoles/liter. Under these conditions, intracellular 51-chromium is in a form in which it is nonexchangeable. Influx is temperature sensitive with a Q(10) of approximately 2 and may be energy dependent since a variety of metabolic poisons strongly inhibit uptake. The unidirectional influx of chromate follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics; the maximum velocity is 52 mmumoles/g dry weight of cells per min and the chromate concentration at which influx velocity is half maximal is 87 mumoles/liter. This transport mechanism is highly specific for chromate; other divalent tetrahedral anions only slightly inhibit influx at concentrations up to 10 times that of chromate. Metavanadate, however, competitively inhibits chromate influx at equimolar concentrations. Exposure of cells to unlabeled chromate leads to inhibition of subsequent influx of 51-chromate. It is suggested that this is due to a primary inhibitory effect of chromate on cellular energy metabolism.
Sandnet: Towards High Quality of Deception in Container-Based Microservice Architectures (2019)

Responding to network security incidents requires interference with ongoing attacks to restore the security of services running on production systems. This approach prevents damage, but drastically impedes the collection of threat intelligence and the analysis of vulnerabilities, exploits, and attack strategies. We propose the live confinement of suspicious microservices into a sandbox network that allows to monitor and analyze ongoing attacks under quarantine and that retains an image of the vulnerable and open production network. A successful sandboxing requires that it happens completely transparent to and cannot be detected by an attacker. Therefore, we introduce a novel metric to measure the Quality of Deception (QoD) and use it to evaluate three proposed network deception mechanisms. Our evaluation results indicate that in our evaluation scenario in best case, an optimal QoD is achieved. In worst case, only a small downtime of approx. 3s per microservice (MS) occurs and thus a momentary drop in QoD to 70.26% before it converges back to optimum as the quarantined services are restored.
Editorial (1986)

LOOKING BACKWARDS IN 1986 That this editorial is almost wholly serious must not be taken as heralding a change in the editorial tone of voice for 1986. Normal demotic style will resume in February.
Microstructure, martensitic transformation and excellent shape memory effect of Ga-alloyed Cu–Al–Mn–Fe shape-memory single crystal (2022)

A Cu–10Al–6Mn–3Fe–4Ga (wt.%) single crystal was simply prepared, and its microstructure, reversible martensitic transformation, mechanical and SME properties were investigated. The results show that this single crystal consists of dominant 2H martensite retained L21 parent and fine Fe-rich nanoparticles. Its reversible martensitic transformation temperatures are respectively 313 K (Ms), 299 K (Mf), 339 K (As), and 354 K (Af), which are suitable for practical applications. A large stress platform with a strain of approximately 8% was associated with the reorientation of existing martensite and stabilization of stress-induced martensite. Furthermore, full shape recovery characteristics are obtained all the time while changing the pre-strains from 6% to 11%. The maximum shape memory effect is up to 9.2% with a 100% shape recovery rate.
A high throughput drug screening assay to identify compounds that promote oligodendrocyte differentiation using acutely dissociated and purified oligodendrocyte precursor cells (2016)

This acute primary OL-based differentiation assay should be of use to those interested in screening large compound libraries for the identification of drugs for the treatment of MS and other demyelinating diseases.
The force applied to successfully turn a foetus during reattempts of external cephalic version is substantially reduced when performed under spinal analgesia (2011)

SA improves the success rate of ECV as well as reduces the force required for successful version.
Sequence Diversity and Genomic Organization of Vomeronasal Receptor Genes in the Mouse (2000)

The vomeronasal system of mice is thought to be specialized in the detection of pheromones. Two multigene families have been identified that encode proteins with seven putative transmembrane domains and that are expressed selectively in subsets of neurons of the vomeronasal organ. The products of these vomeronasal receptor (Vr) genes are regarded as candidate pheromone receptors. Little is known about their genomic organization and sequence diversity, and only five sequences of mouse V1r coding regions are publicly available. Here, we have begun to characterize systematically the V1r repertoire in the mouse. We isolated 107 bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) containing V1r genes from a 129 mouse library. Hybridization experiments indicate that at least 107 V1r-like sequences reside on these BACs. We assembled most of the BACs into six contigs, of which one major contig and one minor contig were characterized in detail. The major contig is 630-860 kb long, encompasses a cluster of 21-48 V1r genes, and contains marker D6Mit227. Sequencing of the coding regions was facilitated by the absence of introns. We determined the sequence of the coding region of 25 possibly functional V1r genes and seven pseudogenes. The functional V1rs can be arranged into three groups; V1rs of one group are novel and substantially divergent from the other V1rs. The genomic and sequence information described here should be useful in defining the biological function of these receptors.
EARLY CYCLOSPORIN C2 MONITORING AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION PROVIDES CLINICAL BENEFITS IN THE LONGTERM IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE MANAGEMENT OF RECIPIENTS. (2004)

P623 Aims: Cyclosporin A (CyA) is known as a drug demanding a high focus on therapeutic monitoring due to highly intraindividual pharmacokinetics and a narrow therapeutic window. Conventionally, the standard trough level (C0) monitoring has been used, although recent results show that a 2-hour blood level measurement after CyA administration (C2) is a more accurate predictor of drug exposure and clinical outcome in patients. So far, there is little data available evaluating the risks and benefits of C2 monitoring in heart transplant recipients. The purpose of this study was to assess the C2 range in stable heart transplant recipients by evaluating the overexposure to CyA (assessed by C2) measured by serum [S]- creatinine levels. We studied 26 stable adult patients followed by the heart transplant clinic who were 3-12 months after surgery. In all patients both C0 and C2 levels were examined to determine precision of the C2 monitoring. Based on the C0 level, all patients were in stable condition regarding the absence of acute rejection, and a stable left ventricular ejection fraction. The C2 range was determined by focussing on the development of renal function (S-creatinine levels were not to exceed 10% of original S-creatinine). All analyses were performed in the same laboratory. The target C0 level was 100-200 ng/ml. Results: The results showed that patients with reliable C2 levels between 400-600 ng/dl during the first 3 months after transplantation had no signs of increasing S-creatinine levels (< 10% compared to baseline) throughout the further follow-up. In comparison, another group of patients who had the same stable S-creatinine levels during the first 3 months, but showed C2 levels > 700 ng/dl in this period, developed increasing S-creatinine levels of 44 ± 29% within 6 months after transplantation. Adjusting the C2 range to 400-600 ng/dl during this time period (months 3-6) did not seem to reduce the rise of S-creatinine levels in this group of patients. The same was true for the following months 6-12 after transplantation. However, a strict monitoring of C2 during months 6-12 with a maintaining range between 400-600 ng/dl can result in stabilizing a further deterioration of S-creatinine levels. Conclusions: The results show that a CyA overexposure early after transplantation leads to consecutively acquired high S-creatinine levels, and thus the risk of renal dysfunction on long-term sight. CyA overexposure was not identified based on C0 levels, but was frequent with C0 monitoring. We suggest a critical C2 monitoring (400-600 ng/dl) with an equivalent CyA dose reduction for the early post-transplant period. Also, a continuous C2 monitoring (400-600 ng/dl) throughout the first year after transplantation (months 6-12) helps to improve increased S-creatinine levels. In conclusion, specific C2 monitoring may prevent or prolong the appearance of secondary nephrotoxicity, and display better clinical benefits in transplant recipients.
Halide Perovskite Nanopillar Photodetector (2018)

Numerous studies have reported the use of halide perovskites as highly functional light-harvesting materials. The development of optimized compositions and deposition approaches has led to impressive improvements; however, no noticeable breakthrough in performance has been observed for these materials recently. Here, a breakthrough that enables the fabrication of vertically grown halide perovskite (VGHP) nanopillar photodetectors via a nanoimprinting crystallization technique is demonstrated. We used engraved nanopatterned polymer stamps to form VGHP nanopillars during the pressurized crystallization of the softly baked gel state of a methylammonium lead iodide (CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>, denoted MAPI) film. The VGHP films exhibit much lower defect density and higher conductivity, as supported by current-voltage characteristic measurements and conductive atomic force microscopy measurements. Ultimately, two-terminal lateral photodetectors based on the VGHP nanopillar films show a greatly enhanced photoresponse compared with flat film-based photodetectors. We expect that the deposition method presented here will help surpass the technical limits and contribute to further improvements in various halide-perovskite-based devices.
Dynamic behaviour of carbon-metallated palladium hydrazone complexes. Crystal structures of [{Pd[CH2CMe2C(N–NMePh)Me]Cl}2] and [{Pd[CH2C(N–NMePh)But]Cl}2] (1985)

The carbon-palladated species [{[graphic omitted]–NMePh)Me]Cl}2](1a) and [{[graphic omitted]MePh)But]Cl}2](2) have in the solid state a trans geometry and are planar; their crystal structures have been determined by X-ray methods. These species, as well as the bromo- and iodo-derivatives of (1a) and the complex [{[graphic omitted]Me2)But]Cl}2], exhibit temperature-dependent n.m.r. spectra which have been interpreted on the basis of cis–trans isomerization of the complexes and of hindered rotation about the N–N single bond of the hydrazone. The latter process is also present in the mononuclear species obtained from (1a) by bridge-splitting reactions with triphenylphosphine, pyridine, and acetylacetonate. Crystals of (1a) are triclinic, space group P, a= 10.642(8), b= 11.793(9), c= 6.269(6)Å, α= 98.05(6), β= 97.46(6), γ= 111.91(7)°, and Z= 1. Crystals of (2) are monoclinic, space group P21/a, a= 24.059(12), b= 10.035(8), c= 6.018(5)Å, β= 95.39(5)°, and Z= 2.
High‐Throughput Development of a Hybrid‐Type Fluorescent Glutamate Sensor for Analysis of Synaptic Transmission (2014)

Fluorescent sensors are powerful tools for visualizing cellular molecular dynamics. We present a high-throughput screening system, designated hybrid-type fluorescence indicator development (HyFInD), to identify optimal position-specific fluorophore labeling in hybrid-type sensors consisting of combinations of ligand-binding protein mutants with small molecular fluorophores. We screened sensors for glutamate among hybrid molecules obtained by the reaction of four cysteine-reactive fluorescence probes with a set of cysteine-scanning mutants of the 274 amino acid S1S2 domain of AMPA-type glutamate receptor GluA2 subunit. HyFInD identified a glutamate-responsive probe (enhanced glutamate optical sensor: eEOS) with a dynamic range >2400 %, good photostability, and high selectivity. When eEOS was specifically tethered to neuronal surfaces, it reliably visualized the spatiotemporal dynamics of glutamate release at single synapses, revealing synapse-to-synapse heterogeneity of short-term plasticity.
Multi-Grained Deep Feature Learning for Robust Pedestrian Detection (2018)

In this paper, we address the challenging problem of detecting pedestrians, which are heavily occluded and/or far from cameras. Unlike most existing pedestrian detection methods which only use coarse-resolution feature maps with fixed receptive fields, our approach exploits multi-grained deep features to make the detector robust to visible parts of occluded pedestrians and small-size targets. Specifically, we jointly train a multi-scale network and a human parsing network in a weakly supervised manner with only bounding box annotations. We carefully design the multi-scale network to predict pedestrians of particular scales with the most appropriate feature maps, by matching their receptive fields with the target sizes. The human parsing network generates a fine-grained attention map, which helps guide the detector to focus on the visible parts of occluded pedestrians and small-size instances. Both networks are computed in parallel and form a unified single stage pedestrian detector, which assures a suitable tradeoff between accuracy and speed. Moreover, we introduce an adversarial hiding network to make our detector more robust to occlusion situations, which generates occlusions on pedestrians with the goal to fool the detector that in turn adapts itself to learn to localize these adversarial instances. Experiments on three challenging pedestrian detection benchmarks show that our proposed method achieves a state-of-the-art performance and executes 2× faster than the competitive methods.