gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Progenitor Populations in Embryonic, Neonatal, and Adult Liver (1993)

Oval cells, small cells with oval-shaped nuclei, are induced to proliferate in the livers of animals treated with carcinogens and are thought to be related to liver stem cells and/or committed liver progenitor cell populations. We have developed protocols for identifying and isolating antigenically related cell populations present in normal tissues using monoclonal antibodies to oval cell antigens and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We have isolated oval cell-antigen-positive (OCAP) cells from embryonic, neonatal, and adult rat livers and have identified culture conditions permitting their growth in culture. The requirements for growth of the OCAP cells included substrata of type IV collagen mixed with laminin, basal medium with complex lipids and low calcium, specific growth factors (most potently, insulin-like growth factor II and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), and co-cultures of embryonic, liver-specific stroma, strongly suggesting paracrine signaling between hepatic and hemopoietic precursor cells. The growing OCAP cultures proved to be uniformly expressing oval cell markers but were nevertheless a mixture of hepatic and hemopoietic precursor cells. To separate the hepatic and hemopoietic subpopulations of OCAP cells, we surveyed known antibodies and found ones that uniquely identify either hepatic or hemopoietic cells. Several of these antibodies were used in panning procedures and fluorescence-activated cell sorting to eliminate contaminant cell populations, particularly hemopoietic and endothelial cells. Using specific flow cytometric parameters, three cellular subpopulations could be isolated separately that were identified by immunochemistry and molecular hybridization assays as probable: (i) committed progenitors to hepatocytes; (ii) committed progenitors to bile ducts; or (iii) a mixed population of hemopoietic cells that contained a small percentage of hepatic blasts that are possibly pluripotent. The hepatic precursor cells have been characterized using immunochemistry, flow cytometry, and molecular hybridization assays. The hepatic blasts are small (7-10 microns) cells with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios and with minimal complexity of the cytoplasm. Cultures of the committed progenitors were found to differentiate into cells with recognizable parenchymal cell fates. We discuss our studies in the context of our model of the liver as stem cell and lineage system and suggest that a slow, unidirectional, terminal differentiation process, paralleling more rapid ones in the skin or gut, occurs at all times in the liver and is thought to vary primarily in kinetics during quiescent versus regenerative states.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Laboratory determination of the full permeability tensor (2001)

Hydraulic conductivity (or intrinsic permeability) determined in a standard permeameter is biased if the anisotropy is not taken into account. This bias can be a significant source of error in the characterization of any type of aquifer or reservoir. Theoretical arguments show that it is possible to determine the complete permeability tensor of a sample by measuring the average filtration velocity and the average gradient vectors during steady state flow experiments. The full permeability tensor is calculated with a linear least squares algorithm. To date, a prototype has been built that shows promising results, but the level of accuracy of the measurements is not yet sufficient to fully demonstrate its applicability. The primary advantages of this new technique are that no preliminary assumptions with respect to the principal directions of anisotropy are required prior to testing and that it does not require sophisticated test equipment.
A registration framework for the comparison of mammogram sequences (2005)

In this paper, we present a two-stage algorithm for mammogram registration, the geometrical alignment of mammogram sequences. The rationale behind this paper stems from the intrinsic difficulties in comparing mammogram sequences. Mammogram comparison is a valuable tool in national breast screening programs as well as in frequent monitoring and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The method presented in this paper aims to improve mammogram comparison by estimating the underlying geometric transformation for any mammogram sequence. It takes into consideration the various temporal changes that may occur between successive scans of the same woman and is designed to overcome the inconsistencies of mammogram image formation.
Cardiac tamponade caused by tuberculosis pericarditis in renal transplant recipients (2011)

A 50-year-old male, renal transplant recipient, was admitted with fever and chest discomfort. At admission, chest radiologic finding was negative and echocardiography showed minimal pericardial effusion. After 2 days of admission, chest pain worsened and blood pressure fell to 60/40 mmHg. Emergency echocardiography showed a large amount of pericardial effusion compressing the entire heart. Pericardiocentesis was performed immediately. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from pericardial fluid. Tuberculosis pericarditis should be considered as the cause of cardiac tamponade in renal transplant recipients, even with the absence of pericardial effusion in the initial study or suggestive history.
Creation of new diagnostic/therapeutic windows in tissues: from UV to terahertz (2016)

Fundamentals and advances of tissue immersion clearing for enhanced spectroscopy, imaging and treatment of living tissues and cells in a broad range of wavelengths from UV to terahertz within created windows for electromagnetic radiation transport will be discussed.
Nanotherapeutics: Future Medicine For Infectious Diseases (2016)

Infectious diseases are increasingly becoming a major health concern annually afflicting millions of humans worldwide. Presently, the greatest challenge to any successful effective treatment of a particular pathogen is the emergence of drugresistance, less bioavailability and non-specificity of potent antibiotics at the target sites, requiring large doses of medicine over a longer period of time, resulting in maximum toxicity to patients. However, drug delivery is a powerful concept in nanomedicine which is constantly growing at a burgeoning pace, could provide an efficient alternative to target any pathogens at any site in the body using advanced combined nanoparticle platforms or nanocarriers with fewer side effects. Significantly, nanotherapeutics could be administered through various specific routes such as oral, parenteral, and topical for effective treatment. In summary, this chapter would highlight the role of targeted antibiotics as an advancement of future nanomedicine over conventional therapeutics against virulent infectious diseases.
Complex wetting phenomena in liquid mixtures: frustrated-complete wetting and competing intermolecular forces (2001)

We give a phenomenological overview of recently discovered complex wetting states in simple liquid mixtures relevant to both fundamental research and industrial applications such as oil recovery. Alkanes on water show a sequence of two wetting transitions, from partial wetting to `frustrated-complete wetting', and finally to complete wetting: a first-order thin-thick transition between a microscopic and a mesoscopic adsorbed alkane film is followed by a long-range critical wetting transition to a macroscopic wetting layer. The existence of the new `frustrated-complete wetting' state follows from a competition between short-range and long-range components of the intermolecular forces, the latter opposing wetting. The effective long-range forces between interfaces consist of Debye dipolar and London dispersion contributions, which can also be in mutual competition. The London component is ultimately responsible for the frustration preventing complete wetting at ambient temperatures and pressures.
Banisteriopsis caapi , a Forgotten Potential Therapy for Parkinson's Disease? (2015)

<i>Banisteriopsis caapi</i>, a liana indigenous to the Amazon basin with metagnomigenic properties and possible anti-depressant effects is one of the natural sources of harmala alkaloids. A summary of early trials with extracts of <i>Banisteriopsis caapi</i> and <i>Peganum harmala</i> (from which harmine was first isolated) in the 1920s and 1930s on various forms of parkinsonism is given as well as a brief overview of the known pharmacological properties of harmine. Despite its earlier abandonment because of perceived weaker efficacy than solanaceous alkaloids like scopolamine and hyoscine we propose that harmine should be reconsidered as a potential rapidly acting anti-Parkinsonian agent.
No Sex Differences in the Frequencies of Common Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2016)

The difference between male and female incidence of AMD is not explained by the most commonly AMD-associated SNPs, though it does not exclude the possibility that other, less common SNPs contribute to this difference.
Rydberg states of atoms and molecules (1983)

List of contributors Preface 1. Rydberg atoms in astrophysics A. Dalgarno 2. Theoretical studies of hydrogen Rydberg atoms in electric fields R. J. Damburg and V. V. Kolosov 3. Rydberg atoms in strong fields D. Kleppner, Michael G. Littman and Myron L. Zimmerman 4. Spectroscopy of one- and two-electron Rydberg atoms C. Fabre and S. Haroche 5. Interaction of Rydberg atoms with blackbody radiation T. F. Gallagher 6. Theoretical approaches to low-energy collisions of Rydberg atoms with atoms and ions A. P. Hickman, R. E. Olson and J. Pascale 7. Experimental studies of the interaction of Rydberg atoms with atomic species at thermal energies F. Gounand and J. Berlande 8. Theoretical studies of collisions of Rydberg atoms with molecules Michio Matsuzawa 9. Experimental studies of thermal-energy collisions of Rydberg atoms with molecules F. B. Dunning and R. F. Stebbings 10. High-Rydberg molecules Robert S. Freund 11. Theory of Rydberg collisions with electrons, ions and neutrals M. R. Flannery 12. Experimental studies of the interactions of Rydberg atoms with charged particles J. -F. Delpech 13. Rydberg studies using fast beams Peter M. Koch Index.
Effect of a single dose of polychlorinated biphenyls on hepatic cell proliferation and the DNA binding activity of NF‐κB and AP‐1 in rats (2003)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental pollutants that, because of their persistence and biomagnification, raise concerns about the health consequences of long-term exposure. PCB mixtures induce hepatocellular carcinomas in rodents, but the mechanism of their promoting activity is not clear. Previous studies have shown that oxidative stress occurs after PCB administration, with the induction of lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage, which may contribute to their promoting activity. In this study, we examined whether the oxidative stress-sensitive transcription factors NF-kappaB or AP-1 were activated by PCBs in the liver. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected i.p. with corn oil, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153, 30, 150, or 300 micromol/kg), 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-77, 30, 150, or 300 micromol/kg), or both PCBs (each 30 or 150 micromol/kg). Rats were euthanized 2, 6, or 24 h, or 2, 6, and 10 d after the PCB injection. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were performed to determine NF-kappaB and AP-1 DNA binding activities. The highest NF-kappaB DNA binding activity was observed in rats receiving higher doses of PCB-153 (150 and 300 micromol/kg), with peak activation occurring 2 d after injection. AP-1 activation was not detected at any timepoint. Hepatocyte proliferation, as measured by the labeling index, was increased only in groups receiving the highest dose of PCB-153 or the combination of two PCBs (150 micromol/kg each) at day 2, and not by any other PCB treatment at any timepoint. These results show that PCB-153, but not PCB-77, can induce hepatocyte proliferation and hepatic NF-kappaB activation after a single dose.
Sexual audience affects male's reproduction investment without consequences on reproductive outputs (2021)

Males evolved plastic strategies to respond to male-male competition and exhibit adaptive traits and behaviors maximizing their access to the females and limiting sperm competition. Mating behaviors allow males to express quick responses to current sexual audience, that is, the number of nearby conspecifics prone to mate. In contrast, physiological responses are frequently delayed because they are constrained by the time and resources having to be mobilized to produce and export sperm and associated products. This is especially critical in species for which males produce spermatophores. Here we investigated in what extend moth males (the tortricid moth Lobesia botrana) producing spermatophores exhibit plastic behavioral and physiological responses to different sexual audiences before and during mating and the consequences for their reproductive output. We found that males adjusted their mating behaviors and spermatophore size to a potentially elevated risk of sperm competition perceived before mating. In addition, males responded to the closed presence of females during mating by reducing their mating duration. Surprisingly, the various behavioral and physiological responses we highlighted here were not fully reflected in their reproductive performance as we did not reveal any effect on fecundity and fertility of their mate. The selective pressure exerted on males experiencing male-male competition could thus be sufficient to trigger adjustment in male mating behaviors but constrains physiological responses according to the perception of competition.
A specific enzymatic assay for the diagnosis of congenital galactosemia. I. The consumption test. (1957)

Abstract Details of an enzymatic assay for galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase in blood are described; the assay is based on the consumption of uridinediphospho-glucose in the presence of excess galactose-1-phosphate. The absence of this enzyme in blood is characteristic of congenital galactosemia, and the test serves to diagnose cases of this disorder.
Coiled-Tubing Radials Placed by Water-Jet Drilling: Field Results, Theory, and Practice (1993)

Abstract The URRS makes multiple 25 to 150 ft (8 to 46 m) radiais in one or more layers. The range of stable production enhancement with multiple radiais in both light and heavy oil wells in various formations varies from a two times (200%) to as much as a ten times (1,000%) improvement depending on reservoir and wellbore conditions. The average production improvement is two times to four times (200% to 400%). The comparison is made with respect to either (a) the production in a well after radial placement compared to the production prior to radial placement or (b) the production in a new well with radiais compared to similar offset vertical wells. This paper examines the value of multiple radiais in penetrating skin or near wellbore damage (Figure 1);the calculated magnitude of oil production improvement by penetrating near wellbore damage; andtypical light oil field results involving stable production in a new well with radiais, and a reentered well with radiais.
Large-Scale Brain Networks in the Awake, Truly Resting Marmoset Monkey (2013)

Resting-state functional MRI is a powerful tool that is increasingly used as a noninvasive method for investigating whole-brain circuitry and holds great potential as a possible diagnostic for disease. Despite this potential, few resting-state studies have used animal models (of which nonhuman primates represent our best opportunity of understanding complex human neuropsychiatric disease), and no work has characterized networks in awake, truly resting animals. Here we present results from a small New World monkey that allows for the characterization of resting-state networks in the awake state. Six adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) were acclimated to light, comfortable restraint using individualized helmets. Following behavioral training, resting BOLD data were acquired during eight consecutive 10 min scans for each conscious subject. Group independent component analysis revealed 12 brain networks that overlap substantially with known anatomically constrained circuits seen in the awake human. Specifically, we found eight sensory and "lower-order" networks (four visual, two somatomotor, one cerebellar, and one caudate-putamen network), and four "higher-order" association networks (one default mode-like network, one orbitofrontal, one frontopolar, and one network resembling the human salience network). In addition to their functional relevance, these network patterns bear great correspondence to those previously described in awake humans. This first-of-its-kind report in an awake New World nonhuman primate provides a platform for mechanistic neurobiological examination for existing disease models established in the marmoset.
The role of multi modality imaging in selecting patients and guiding lead placement for the delivery of cardiac resynchronization therapy (2016)

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective pacemaker delivered treatment for selected patients with heart failure with the target of restoring electro-mechanical synchrony. Imaging techniques using echocardiography have as yet failed to find a metric of dyssynchrony to predict CRT response. Current guidelines are thus unchanged in recommending prolonged QRS duration, severe systolic function and refractory heart failure symptoms as criteria for CRT implantation. Evolving strain imaging techniques in 3D echocardiography, cardiac MRI and CT may however, overcome limitations of older methods and yield more powerful CRT response predictors. Areas covered: In this review, we firstly discuss the use of multi modality cardiac imaging in the selection of patients for CRT implantation and predicting the response to CRT. Secondly we examine the clinical evidence on avoiding areas of myocardial scar, targeting areas of dyssynchrony and in doing so, achieving the optimal positioning of the left ventricular lead to deliver CRT. Finally, we present the latest clinical studies which are integrating both clinical and imaging data with X-rays during the implantation in order to improve the accuracy of LV lead placement. Expert commentary: Image integration and fusion of datasets with live X-Ray angiography to guide procedures in real time is now a reality for some implanting centers. Such hybrid facilities will enable users to interact with images, allowing measurement, annotation and manipulation with instantaneous visualization on the catheter laboratory monitor. Such advances will serve as an invaluable adjunct for implanting physicians to accurately deliver pacemaker leads into the optimal position to deliver CRT.
MmWave massive-MIMO-based wireless backhaul for the 5G ultra-dense network (2015)

The ultra-dense network (UDN) has been considered as a promising candidate for future 5G networks to meet the explosive data demand. To realize UDN, a reliable, gigahertz bandwidth, and cost-effective backhaul connecting ultradense small-cell BSs and macrocell BS are prerequisite. Millimeter-wave can provide the potential gigabit-per-second traffic for wireless backhaul. Moreover, mmWave can easily be integrated with massive MIMO for improved link reliability. In this article, we discuss the feasibility of mmWave massive-MIMO-based wireless backhaul for 5G UDN, and the benefits and challenges are also addressed. In particular, we propose a digitally controlled phase shifter network (DPSN)-based hybrid precoding/combining scheme for mmWave massive MIMO, whereby the low-rank property of the mmWave massive MIMO channel matrix is leveraged to reduce the required cost and complexity of a transceiver with a negligible performance loss. One key feature of the proposed scheme is that the macrocell BS can simultaneously support multiple small-cell BSs with multiple streams for each small-cell BS, which is essentially different from conventional hybrid precoding/combining schemes, typically limited to single-user MIMO with multiple streams or multi-user MIMO with single stream for each user. Based on the proposed scheme, we further explore the fundamental issues of developing mmWave massive MIMO for wireless backhaul, and the associated challenges, insight, and prospects to enable mmWave massive-MIMO-based wireless backhaul for 5G UDN are discussed.
Video‐compatible subtractive color projection with cholesteric liquid‐crystal band‐modulation filters (1996)

Abstract— A highly compact single‐beam cholesteric liquid‐crystal video projection optics is presented. Cholesteric filters in series with liquid‐crystal light modulators are switched pixel by pixel in a subtracting color‐modulation scheme. No absorbing polarizers or dye filters are used. The projector exhibits an excellent efficiency of 20% for white light, high contrast, and full‐color saturation.
An Efficient Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydro-4-Imino-2(1H)-Quinazolinones (1988)

Abstract A new one-pot convenient preparation of 3,4-dihydro-4-imino-2(1H)-quinazolinones (4) is described by the reaction of 2-aminobenzonitriles (1) with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (2), while the reaction of 1 with chlorocarbonyl isocyanate (6) affords ureidobenzonitriles (7), which on thermal cyclization gives 4.
Bacillus subtilisDuring Feast and Famine: Visualization of the Overall Regulation of Protein Synthesis During Glucose Starvation by Proteome Analysis (2003)

Dual channel imaging and warping of two-dimensional (2D) protein gels were used to visualize global changes of the gene expression patterns in growing Bacillus subtilis cells during entry into the stationary phase as triggered by glucose exhaustion. The 2D gels only depict single moments during the cells' growth cycle, but a sequential series of overlays obtained at specific points of the growth curve facilitates visualization of the developmental processes at the proteomics scale. During glucose starvation a substantial reprogramming of the protein synthesis pattern was found, with 150 proteins synthesized de novo and cessation of the synthesis of almost 400 proteins. Proteins induced following glucose starvation belong to two main regulation groups: general stress/starvation responses induced by different stresses or starvation stimuli (sigma(B)-dependent general stress regulon, stringent response, sporulation), and glucose-starvation-specific responses (drop in glycolysis, utilization of alternative carbon sources, gluconeogenesis). Using the dual channel approach, it was not only possible to identify those regulons or stimulons, but also to follow the fate of each single protein by the three-color code: red, newly induced but not yet accumulated; yellow, synthesized and accumulated; and green, still present, but no longer being synthesized. These green proteins, which represent a substantial part of the protein pool in the nongrowing cell, are not accessible by using DNA arrays. The combination of 2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI TOF mass spectrometry with the dual channel imaging technique provides a new and comprehensive view of the physiology of growing or starving bacterial cell populations, here for the case of the glucose-starvation response.