gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Realization of Nitride-Based Solar Cell on Freestanding GaN Substrate (2010)

A p–i–n solar cell composed of an undoped GaInN layer sandwiched between n- and p-type GaN layers was grown on a freestanding c-plane GaN substrate and a c-plane sapphire substrate covered with a low-temperature-deposited buffer layer. The open-circuit voltage is 2.23 V, the fill factor is 61%, the short-circuit current density is 1.59 mA/cm2, and the conversion efficiency of the solar cell on the GaN substrate is 1.41% using a solar simulator (1.5 suns). Compared with the solar cell characteristics of the device grown on the sapphire substrate, pit density markedly decreases. As a result, shunt resistance increases, suppressing the open-circuit voltage drop.
Coherent Quenching of a Fluorophore for the Design of a Highly Sensitive In‐Stem Molecular Beacon (2010)

Excitonic interaction was utilized to design a highly sensitive in-stem molecular beacon (ISMB) in which both a fluorophore and a quencher on D-threoninols are incorporated as a pseudo base pair (see scheme; optimized combination with Cy3 and modified Methyl Red). Minimization of the difference between λmax of the fluorophore and quencher maximized quenching efficiency. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute acalculous cholecystitis in a critically ill patient. (1993)

April 1993Percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute acalculous cholecystitis in a critically ill patient.Authors: G W Boland, M J Lee, S L Dawson, and P R MuellerAuthor Info & AffiliationsVolume 160, Issue 4https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.160.4.8456684 METRICS PDF
Influence of Tryptophan and Serotonin on Mood and Cognition with a Possible Role of the Gut-Brain Axis (2016)

The serotonergic system forms a diffuse network within the central nervous system and plays a significant role in the regulation of mood and cognition. Manipulation of tryptophan levels, acutely or chronically, by depletion or supplementation, is an experimental procedure for modifying peripheral and central serotonin levels. These studies have allowed us to establish the role of serotonin in higher order brain function in both preclinical and clinical situations and have precipitated the finding that low brain serotonin levels are associated with poor memory and depressed mood. The gut-brain axis is a bi-directional system between the brain and gastrointestinal tract, linking emotional and cognitive centres of the brain with peripheral functioning of the digestive tract. An influence of gut microbiota on behaviour is becoming increasingly evident, as is the extension to tryptophan and serotonin, producing a possibility that alterations in the gut may be important in the pathophysiology of human central nervous system disorders. In this review we will discuss the effect of manipulating tryptophan on mood and cognition, and discuss a possible influence of the gut-brain axis.
Twin signatures (2001)

This paper introduces a simple alternative to the hash-and-sign paradigm, from the security point of view but for signing short messages, called twinning. A twin signature is obtained by signing twice a short message by a signature scheme. Analysis of the concept in different settings yields the following results:
Methylation of Xenobiotic Thiols by <italic>Euglena gracilis</italic>: Characterization of a Cytoplasmic Thiol Methyltransferase (1985)

The green alga Euglena gracilis contains a thiol methyltransferase that catalyzes the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation of pentachlorobenzenethiol. The enzyme was localized in the cytoplasm and partially purified. The pH optimum for the enzyme was 6.5. The enzyme methylated a number of foreign thiols, but not the cellular thiols, glutathione or cysteine. Phenols and anilines were not substrates. When pentachloro-benzenethiol was the methyl acceptor the Km was found to be 82 μm and the corresponding Km for S-adenosylmethionine was 140 μm. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 21,000, as determined by gel filtration. A role for this enzyme in detoxifying xenobiotic thiols is proposed.
Multiple promoter elements differentially regulate the expression of the mouse tenascin gene (1997)

Tenascin (TN) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is expressed in a characteristic spatiotemporal pattern during development and is up-regulated in the adult during tumorigenesis, wound healing, and nerve regeneration. In previous studies, we identified a promoter within the proximal 250 bp upstream of the mouse TN gene that contains several putative regulatory elements that are conserved among vertebrate TN genes. We have identified four different DNA elements within this promoter and show that they contribute in different ways to TN gene expression in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, C6 glioma cells, and N2A neuroblastoma cells. These elements comprise a binding site for Krox proteins, one for nuclear factor 1, an octamer motif that binds POU-homeodomain proteins, and a novel TN control element. The nuclear factor 1 and TN control element had positive effects on TN promoter activity and formed similar DNA-protein complexes with nuclear extracts from all three cell lines. The Krox element had a negative effect on TN promoter activity in N2A cells, a positive effect in C6 cells, and no effect in NIH 3T3 cells. Two DNA binding complexes, one correlated with the negative and the other with the positive activities of the Krox element, were found to contain the protein Krox24. In cotransfection experiments, the octamer motif was required for induction of TN promoter activity by the POU-homeodomain protein Brn2 in N2A cells but was inactive in C6 cells. Consistent with these findings, N2A cells transfected with Brn2 formed octamer-binding complexes containing N-Oct3, the transcriptionally active form of Brn2, whereas complexes formed in C6 cells contained only N-Oct5A and N-Oct5B. Our results provide a striking example of the diversity of regulatory mechanisms that can be called forth by combining different promoter motifs with transcriptional activators or repressors.
Inspection of Pole-Like Structures Using a Visual-Inertial Aided VTOL Platform with Shared Autonomy (2015)

This paper presents an algorithm and a system for vertical infrastructure inspection using a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle and shared autonomy. Inspecting vertical structures such as light and power distribution poles is a difficult task that is time-consuming, dangerous and expensive. Recently, micro VTOL platforms (i.e., quad-, hexa- and octa-rotors) have been rapidly gaining interest in research, military and even public domains. The unmanned, low-cost and VTOL properties of these platforms make them ideal for situations where inspection would otherwise be time-consuming and/or hazardous to humans. There are, however, challenges involved with developing such an inspection system, for example flying in close proximity to a target while maintaining a fixed stand-off distance from it, being immune to wind gusts and exchanging useful information with the remote user. To overcome these challenges, we require accurate and high-update rate state estimation and high performance controllers to be implemented onboard the vehicle. Ease of control and a live video feed are required for the human operator. We demonstrate a VTOL platform that can operate at close-quarters, whilst maintaining a safe stand-off distance and rejecting environmental disturbances. Two approaches are presented: Position-Based Visual Servoing (PBVS) using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and estimator-free Image-Based Visual Servoing (IBVS). Both use monocular visual, inertia, and sonar data, allowing the approaches to be applied for indoor or GPS-impaired environments. We extensively compare the performances of PBVS and IBVS in terms of accuracy, robustness and computational costs. Results from simulations Sensors 2015, 15 22004 and indoor/outdoor (day and night) flight experiments demonstrate the system is able to successfully inspect and circumnavigate a vertical pole.
28‐3: Distinguished Paper : New Pixel Driving Circuit Using Self‐discharging Compensation Method for High‐Resolution OLED Microdisplays on a Silicon Backplane (2017)

A novel 4T2C pixel circuit is proposed to realize a high‐resolution 7.8‐µm pixel pitch OLED microdisplay. In order to achieve high luminance uniformity, the pixel circuit compensates its Vth variation of the MOSFET for the driving transistor internally by using self‐discharging method. 0.5‐inch Quad‐VGA and 1.25‐inch Wide Quad‐XGA microdisplays with the proposed compensation architecture are also presented.
Indonesian Tapé Ketan Fermentation (1977)

Indonesian tapé ketan is a fermentation in which a mold, Amylomyces rouxii Calmette (Chlamydomucor oryzae Went and Prinsen Geerligs), in combination with one or more yeasts such as Endomycopsis burtonii converts steamed rice to a sweet-sour, slightly alcoholic paste. A study was made to determine the biochemical changes that occur in the substrate during fermentation. It was found that the product was ready for consumption after fermentation at 30 degrees C for 36 to 48 h. A. rouxii used about 30% of the total rice solids, resulting in a crude protein of 12% in 96 h, whereas the combination of the mold with E. burtonii reduced total solids by 50% in 192 h, causing crude protein to increase to 16.5%. Soluble solids increased from 5 to about 67% in 36 h and decreased to 12% at 192 h with A. rouxii alone, whereas soluble solids fell to about 8% at 192 h in the fermentation with both the mold and the yeast. The mold, by itself, reduced the starch content of the rice from 78 to 10% in 48 h and to less than 2% in 144 h. The mold plus yeast reduced the starch content to about 18% in 48 h; however the "starch" content did not fall below 6% even at 192 h, presumably because the yeast was producing glycogen, which was determined along with the residual starch. With both the mold and the mold plus yeast fermentations, reducing sugars increased from less than 1% to approximately 5% in 24 h and reached maximum concentration, 16 to 17%, between 36 and 48 h. A. rouxii by itself produced a maximum of about 5.6% (vol/vol) ethanol at 96 h. The highest concentration of ethanol (8%, vol/vol) was produced by the mold plus E. burtonii at 144 h. The mold by itself reduced the starting pH from 6.3 to about 4.0 in 48 h. The combination of the mold and yeast reduced the pH to 4.1 in 144 h. The mold increased total acidity to approximately 6.2 meq of H per 100 ml, and the combination of the mold and yeast increased the total acidity to 7.8 meq of H per 100 ml in 192 h. At 48 h there was practically no difference in the volatile acidity (0.20) for the combined fermentation compared with 0.26 meq of H per 100 ml for the mold fermentation. The mold and at least one species of yeast were required to develop the rich aroma and flavor of typical Indonesian tapé.
Analysis of waiting-time predictability in scalable media streaming (2007)

Providing video streaming users with expected waiting times enhances their perceived quality-of-service (QoS) and encourages them to wait. In the absence of any waiting-time feedback, users are more likely to defect because of the uncertainty as to when they will start to receive services. In this paper, we analyze waiting-time predictability in scalable video streaming. We present three prediction schemes and study their effectiveness when applied with various stream merging techniques and scheduling policies. The results demonstrate that the waiting time can be predicted accurately, especially when enhanced cost-based scheduling is applied. The combination of waiting-time prediction and cost-based scheduling leads to outstanding performance benefits.
Adventures in sequent calculus modulo equations (1998)

We apply the notion of an oriented rewrite theory and the associated coherence techniques in order to construct a framework for theorem proving modulo equations. This is achieved using existing rewriting techniques and a few simple lemmas, and is intended to serve as a case study of the use of an oriented rewrite theory for building-in equality.
Efficient query evaluation using a two-level retrieval process (2003)

We present an efficient query evaluation method based on a two level approach: at the first level, our method iterates in parallel over query term postings and identifies candidate documents using an approximate evaluation taking into account only partial information on term occurrences and no query independent factors; at the second level, promising candidates are fully evaluated and their exact scores are computed. The efficiency of the evaluation process can be improved significantly using dynamic pruning techniques with very little cost in effectiveness. The amount of pruning can be controlled by the user as a function of time allocated for query evaluation. Experimentally, using the TREC Web Track data, we have determined that our algorithm significantly reduces the total number of full evaluations by more than 90%, almost without any loss in precision or recall. At the heart of our approach there is an efficient implementation of a new Boolean construct called WAND or Weak AND that might be of independent interest.
Parallelization of Query Processing in MedSavant (2014)

Tato praca sa zaobera analýzou problematiky paralelizacie spracovania databazových dotazov na urovni aplikacie s využitim techniky zvanej sharding (rozbitie, rozlomenie). Praca je inspirovana potrebou vyssieho výkonu a skalovateľnosti aplikacie MedSavant umožňujucej vyhľadavanie nad genetickými variantmi. Výsledkom je modul pre tento system založený na vseobecne použiteľnom ramci poskytujucom tento druh paralelizacie, co dovoľuje aplikaciam využiť viacero procesorov ci strojov pre spracovanie dat. Tato technika vedie k takmer linearnej skalovateľnosti systemu, pricom mnohe dotazy dosahuju dokonca lepsie než linearne zrýchlenie.
Far-Field Radiation Patterns of Terahertz Wire Waveguides (2009)

A formula for describing far-field radiation properties of metal wire waveguides is derived based on the Fresnel-Huygens diffraction theory. According to the formula, we find that the far-field patterns are the same for waveguides with different metal materials, and the amplitude of the electric field is in inverse proportion to the radiation distance. Furthermore, the far-field radiation properties versus the terahertz (THz) wave frequency and versus the metal wire diameter are investigated. Finally, we demonstrate that direction angles and shapes of the radiation lobes can be changed by using diaphragms with different aperture sizes.
A New Approach to Characterize Disordered Structures (1997)

Abstract A new application of the theory of Markov processes to the characterization of fractal scaling behavior is presented. We show under which condition distinct stochastic processes of a cascade lead to multifractal scaling behavior. We apply our method to the analysis of the statistical properties of the energy in turbulent fluid flow.
ChemInform Abstract: UMSETZUNG DES DIAETHYLCHLORPHOSPHITS MIT ACYLALEN VON CARBONSAEUREN (1971)

Abstract Gibt man das Chlorid (II) zum Acylal (I) und erwärmt 2 Stdn. auf 45‐60°C darm entsteht letzten Endes ein Gemisch aus (IV), (V), (VI) und (VII) (R = C 2 H 5 ).
Regeneration of a Pediatric Alveolar Cleft Model Using Three-Dimensionally Printed Bioceramic Scaffolds and Osteogenic Agents: Comparison of Dipyridamole and rhBMP-2 (2019)

Dipyridamole generates new bone without osteolysis and early suture fusion associated with rhBMP-2 in skeletally immature bone defects.
A Study on Correlation of Low Voltage Cathodoluminescent Properties with Electrical Conductivity of In[sub 2]O[sub 3]-Coated ZnGa[sub 2]O[sub 4]:Mn Phosphors (2000)

The mechanism of enhancement on the low voltage cathodoluminescence (CL) efficiency by addition of in the phosphor particles has been investigated. The effect of coating by the sol‐gel method on the CL of phosphors improves the luminance of low voltage CL noticeably. Especially it is observed that the emission intensity for the phosphor coated with 2 wt % is about four times higher than the as‐it‐is (non‐coated ). Contrary to low voltage CL, the photoluminescence intensity of phosphors decreases with an increase in coating wt %. It is shown by Rutherford backscattering study that the surface distribution of on phosphors is islandlike but not intermediate‐like (islands on a uniform layer). Also, investigations performed on the electrical conductivity of the phosphor screen prove the phosphor screen to be an insulator. From the present work, it is understood that in the phosphor particles probably act as the localized bridge in draining the accumulated charge on the phosphor surface down to the indium tin oxide substrate due to the formation of the localized electrically conductive channels. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A finite element-boundary integral method for conformal antenna arrays on a circular cylinder (1992)

Conformal antenna arrays offer many cost and weight advantages over conventional antenna systems. In the past, antenna designers have had to resort to expensive measurements in order to develop a conformal array design. This is due to the lack of rigorous mathematical models for conformal antenna arrays, and as a result the design of conformal arrays is primarily based on planar antenna design concepts. Recently, we have found the finite element-boundary integral method to be very successful in modeling large planar arrays of arbitrary composition in a metallic plane. Herewith we shall extend this formulation for conformal arrays on large metallic cylinders. In this we develop the mathematical formulation. In particular we discuss the finite element equations, the shape elements, and the boundary integral evaluation, and it is shown how this formulation can be applied with minimal computation and memory requirements. The implementation shall be discussed in a later report.
Original Article Scrutiny of the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 smoking behavior locus reveals a novel association with alcohol use in a Finnish population based study (2013)

The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster on chromosome 15q25.1 encoding the cholinergic nicotinic receptor subunits is robustly associated with smoking behavior and nicotine dependence. Only a few studies to date have examined the locus with alcohol related traits and found evidence of association with alcohol abuse and dependence. Our main goal was to examine the role of three intensively studied single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs16969968, rs578776 and rs588765, tagging three distinct loci, in alcohol use. Our sample was drawn from two independent Finnish population-based surveys, the National FINRISK Study and the Health 2000 (Health Examina- tion) Survey. The combined sample included a total of 32,592 adult Finns (54% women) of whom 8,356 were as- sessed for cigarettes per day (CPD). Data on alcohol use were available for 31,812 individuals. We detected a novel association between rs588765 and alcohol use defined as abstainers and low-frequency drinkers versus drinkers (OR=1.15, p=0.00007). Additionally, we provide precise estimates of strength of the association between the three loci and smoking quantity in a very large population based sample. As a conclusion, our results provide further evi- dence for the nicotine-specific role of rs16969968 (locus 1). Further, our data suggest that the effect of rs588765 (locus 3) may be specific to alcohol use as the effect is seen also in never smokers.
Gene for a major cell surface glycoprotein of mouse macrophages and other phagocytic cells is on chromosome 2. (1982)

A gene controlling the expression of a polymorphic 92,000-dalton glycoprotein of mouse macrophages and granulocytes has been identified. This glycoprotein was previously shown to be the major iodinated, trypsin-sensitive component of the murine phagocyte cell surface. The gene has been provisionally designated Pgp-1 for phagocyte glycoprotein 1. Expression of the glycoprotein was measured by monoclonal antibody binding to a polymorphic antigenic determinant. Antibody binding to cells of positive strains of mice was proportional to cell number, whereas binding to cells of negative strains was insignificant. The concentration of the antigen in cells of heterozygous mice was approximately 50% of that in homozygous mice. Thirteen of 33 recombinant inbred strains of mice were positive, with binding values 100-fold over background, suggesting that a single gene controlled expression of the antigen. Segregation of the antigen correlated with markers on chromosome 2. The segregation of Pgp-1, with nonagouti coat color (a) and hemolytic complement (Hc) activity among progeny of (C3H/HeJ x DBA/2J)F1 x DBA/2J mice confirmed the single gene control and the chromosomal assignment. Another gene on chromosome 2, Ly-m11, was also typed by using (BALB/cJ x C57BL/6J)F1 x C57BL/6J mice. The data from both of these crosses indicated the following gene order: Hc--Pgp-1--Ly-m11--a.
The Bidirectional Influence between Coherence Establishment and Pronoun Interpretation (2008)

Problem: Previous work finds that pronoun interpretation in transfer-of-possession contexts is sensitive to coherence-driven biases, but that work does not address a mystery that has also been reported for such contexts: an asymmetry between pronoun production and interpretation.Proposal: To explain the asymmetry, we introduce a Bayesian model of pronoun interpretation that distinguishes the primary factors (e.g., coherence relations) that generate expectations about who will be mentioned next (p(referent)) from those factors (e.g., subjecthood) that primarily determine whether a speaker will choose to use a pronoun instead of a name (p(pronoun | referent)).We predict more subject-biased coherence relations than non-subject-biased relations in a pronounprompt story-continuation condition.Results: We find that the rate at which a pronoun is interpreted to refer to the subject reflects the likelihood that the subject referent will be mentioned again (regardless of referring expression) and the likelihood that a speaker will use a pronoun.Crucially, we find that, in contexts with an ambiguous pronoun prompt, the mere presence of a pronoun, even if its referent is ambiguous, can change the distribution of coherence relations.
Stress increases descending inhibition in mouse and human colon (2016)

These studies suggest that WAS and stress hormones can signal via myenteric neurons to increase inhibitory neuromuscular transmission. This could lead to greater descending relaxation, decreased transit time, and subsequent diarrhea.
The synthesis and mass spectra of some oxygen-bridged 5α-cholestane and B-homo-5α-cholestane derivatives (1980)

The synthesis and mass spectrometric behaviour of a series of oxygen-bridged α-cholestans and B-homo-5α-cholestans I-X are described. The differences in fragmentation patterns of these compounds are discussed in dependence on the position of the oxygen bridge, position and configuration of additional substituents and conformation of the A and B rings of the steroid skeleton.