gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lightweight Reduced Graphene Oxide@MoS2 Interlayer as Polysulfide Barrier for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2018)

The further development of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is limited by the fact that the soluble polysulfide leads to the shuttle effect, thereby reducing the cycle stability and cycle life of the batteries. To address this issue, here a thin and lightweight (8 μm and 0.24 mg cm<sup>-2</sup>) reduced graphene oxide@MoS<sub>2</sub> (rGO@MoS<sub>2</sub>) interlayer between the cathode and the commercial separator is developed as a polysulfide barrier. The rGO plays the roles of both a polysulfide physical barrier and an additional current collector, while MoS<sub>2</sub> has a high chemical adsorption for polysulfides. The experiments demonstrate that the Li-S cell constructed with an rGO@MoS<sub>2</sub>-coated separator shows a high reversible capacity of 1122 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.2 C, a low capacity fading rate of 0.116% for 500 cycles at 1 C, and an outstanding rate performance (615 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 2 C). Such an interlayer is expected to be ideal for lithium-sulfur battery applications because of its excellent electrochemical performance and simple synthesis process.
New Insights into γ-Aminobutyric Acid Catabolism: Evidence for γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Polyhydroxybutyrate Synthesis inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (2009)

The gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) shunt, an alternative route for the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinate, involves the glutamate decarboxylase Gad1p, the GABA transaminase Uga1p and the succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase Uga2p. This pathway has been extensively described in plants and animals, but its function in yeast remains unclear. We show that the flux through Gad1p is insignificant during fermentation in rich sugar-containing medium, excluding a role for this pathway in redox homeostasis under anaerobic conditions or sugar stress. However, we found that up to 4 g of exogenous GABA/liter was efficiently consumed by yeast. We studied the fate of this consumed GABA. Most was converted into succinate, with a reaction yield of 0.7 mol/mol. We also showed that a large proportion of GABA was stored within cells, indicating a possible role for this molecule in stress tolerance mechanisms or nitrogen storage. Furthermore, based on enzymatic and metabolic evidence, we identified an alternative route for GABA catabolism, involving the reduction of succinate-semialdehyde into gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and the polymerization of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid to form poly-(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-4-hydroxybutyric acid). This study provides the first demonstration of a native route for the formation of this polymer in yeast. Our findings shed new light on the GABA pathway and open up new opportunities for industrial applications.
Design and Optimization of High Efficiency Parallel Video Coding System (2012)

In order to improve the processing speed of highly complex video coding that involves high data rate and large amount of computation, a parallel video coding system optimization (PVCSO) method is proposed in this paper. By using PC cluster and general H.264 video coding standard for parallel coding experiments, the important factors that are critical to parallel coding efficiency are thoroughly examined and analyzed, such as the number of computation nodes, performance of the network and cluster, parallel coding mechanism, algorithm complexity and raw data distribution mode. Based on the experimental results and analysis, the PVCSO method is proposed and used to design and build practical high efficiency parallel video coding system. For illustration, four high efficiency application-oriented PC cluster based parallel video coding systems are designed and shown. Experimental results show that the PVCSO method can effectively balance the conflicting efficiency factors to achieve the best parallel efficiency and cost performance of the parallel coding system. It provides an effective and practical solution for designing high efficiency parallel video coding system which can significantly improve the processing speed of video coding with huge amount of computation.
High-Throughput Screening Technique for Conversion in Hot Compressed Water:  Quantification and Characterization of Liquid and Solid Products (2007)

A high-throughput screening technique, developed earlier1 for reaction systems with primarily gaseous products, has been extended with quantitative and qualitative analysis of condensed reaction products. The technique is based on catalytically inert quartz capillaries (2 mm internal diameter) as microreactors, which allows for cheap and safe experimentation. To validate the technique, hydrothermal conversion (T ∼ 350 °C, P ∼ 200 bar) of beech wood and model compounds was used. Separation and sample preparation methods have been developed to recover the condensed reaction products. These methods, combined with the chemical analysis techniques, have shown to be accurate with respect to product recovery and detecting trends in the yield and composition of the products as a function of the operating conditions.
SUPERCONDUCTOR STUNS PHYSICISTS (2001)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSUPERCONDUCTOR STUNS PHYSICISTSMagnesium boride sets temperature record for simple metallic compoundsRON DAGANICite this: Chem. Eng. News 2001, 79, 10, 13Publication Date (Print):March 5, 2001Publication History Published online16 November 2010Published inissue 5 March 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v079n010.p013https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n010.p013newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Superconductivity,Superconductors Get e-Alerts
High performance electrophoresis system for site-specific entrapment of nanoparticles in a nanoarray (2010)

A nanoarray, integrated with an electrophoretic system, was developed to trap nanoparticles into their corresponding nanowells. This nanoarray overcomes the complications of losing the function and activity of the protein binding to the surface in conventional microarrays by using minimum amounts of sample. The nanoarray is also superior to other biosensors that use immunoassays in terms of lowering the limit of detection to the femto- or atto-molar level. In addition, our electrophoretic particle entrapment system (EPES) is able to effectively trap the nanoparticles using a low trapping force for a short duration. Therefore, good conditions for biological samples conjugated with particles can be maintained. The channels were patterned onto a bi-layer consisting of a PMMA and LOL coating on conductive indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass slide by using e-beam lithography. The suspensions of 170 nm-nanoparticles then were added to the chip that was connected to a positive voltage. On top of the droplet, another ITO-coated-glass slide was covered and connected to a ground terminal. Negatively charged fluorescent nanoparticles (blue emission) were selectively trapped onto the ITO surface at the bottom of the wells by following electric field lines. Numerical modeling was performed by using commercially available software, COMSOL Multiphysics to provide better understanding about the phenomenon of electrophoresis in a nanoarray. Simulation results are also useful for optimally designing a nanoarray for practical applications.
The IL-33/ST2 Axis Is Associated with Human Visceral Leishmaniasis and Suppresses Th1 Responses in the Livers of BALB/c Mice Infected with Leishmania donovani (2013)

Visceral leishmaniasis is a life-threatening systemic disease due to the Leishmania protozoa L. infantum and L. donovani and is ranked by the World Health Organization as the second most important protozoan parasitic disease after malaria for its grave morbidity, high mortality, and global distribution. Leishmania parasites subvert the host's immune response to propagate to target organs, including the spleen, the bone marrow, and the liver. Control of hepatic parasite burdens depends on a delicate and poorly understood Th1/Th2 immune balance. To better understand this complex immune response, new cytokines are interesting targets for research studies. IL-33 is a newly described cytokine usually associated with Th2 response and involved in different diseases, including infectious diseases and hepatitis. Our results suggest that IL-33 could be a new factor of susceptibility and a potential prognostic marker during visceral leishmaniasis.
Technical Advances: Genome-Wide cDNA-AFLP ® Analysis of the Arabidopsis Transcriptome (2003)

cDNA-AFLP, a technology historically used to identify small numbers of differentially expressed genes, was adapted as a genome-wide transcript profiling method. mRNA levels were assayed in a diverse range of tissues from Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown under a variety of environmental conditions. The resulting cDNA-AFLP fragments were sequenced. By linking cDNA-AFLP fragments to their corresponding mRNAs via these sequences, a database was generated that contained quantitative expression information for up to two-thirds of gene loci in A. thaliana, ecotype Ws. Using this resource, the expression levels of genes, including those with high nucleotide sequence similarity, could be determined in a high-throughput manner merely by comparing cDNA-AFLP profiles with the database. The lengths of cDNA-AFLP fragments inferred from their electrophoretic mobilities correlated well with actual fragment lengths determined by sequencing. In addition, the concentrations of AFLP fragments from single cDNAs were highly correlated, illustrating the validity of cDNA-AFLP as a quantitative, genome-wide, transcript profiling method. cDNA-AFLP profiles were also qualitatively consistent with mRNA profiles obtained from parallel microarray analysis, and with data from previous studies.
Supplementary Table S4 from Impact of Disseminated Neuroblastoma Cells on the Identification of the Relapse-Seeding Clone (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S4. Focal copy number aberrations detected in the relapse samples&lt;/p&gt;
Erythroderma due to etretinate (1985)

Journal Article Erythroderma due to etretinate Get access Jeremy Levin, Jeremy Levin Department of Internal Medicine, University of Geneva, Hopital Cantonal, Geneva 1205, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John Almeyda John Almeyda North Middlesex Hospital, Edmonton, London N18 1QX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 112, Issue 3, 1 March 1985, Pages 373–374, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb04867.x Published: 01 March 1985
Synthesis and photochemical reaction of novel p‐alkylcalix[6]arene derivatives containing acryloyl or methacryloyl groups (1999)

Novel polyfunctional (meth)acrylates with a calixarene backbone [calixarene (meth)acrylates] were synthesized in good yields by certain reactions of p-methylcalix[6]arene (1a) or p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene (1b) with (meth)acrylate derivatives such as acryloyl chloride, methacryloyl chloride, (2-methacryloxy)ethyl isocyanate, and glycidyl methacrylate. Polyfunctional acrylate 6a having poly(oxyethylene) spacer chain between 1a and acrylate groups was also synthesized by the reaction of the poly(oxyethylene) modified 1a with acrylic acid. Calixarene acrylate 6a was liquid at room temperature, although the other calixarene (meth)acrylates were solid at room temperature. The initial decomposition temperature (IDT) of the resulting calixarene (meth)acrylates was measured by the thermogravimetric analysis to evaluate the thermal stability, and it was found that some of the IDTs of the calixarene acrylates were over 400°C. This means that calixarene (meth)acrylates have very good thermal stability. The photopolymerization of the resulting some calixarene (meth)acrylates with (2-phenyoxy)ethyl acrylate as a reactive diluent in the presence of photoinitiator proceeded smoothly upon irradiation with UV light. Therefore, polyfunctional (meth)acrylates with a calixarene backbone can be expected to be novel and thermally stable photoreactive acrylate oligomers. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 3071–3078, 1999
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of Aryl and Heteroaryl N‐Acylureas via Microwave‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation. (2011)

Abstract Either CO or Mo(CO) 6 are used as carbon monoxide sources for the carbonylation of various ureas in the presence of aryl bromides.
Hybrid Nanostructures for Energy Storage Applications (2012)

Materials engineering plays a key role in the field of energy storage. In particular, engineering materials at the nanoscale offers unique properties resulting in high performance electrodes and electrolytes in various energy storage devices. Consequently, considerable efforts have been made in recent years to fulfill the future requirements of electrochemical energy storage using these advanced materials. Various multi-functional hybrid nanostructured materials are currently being studied to improve energy and power densities of next generation storage devices. This review describes some of the recent progress in the synthesis of different types of hybrid nanostructures using template assisted and non-template based methods. The potential applications and recent research efforts to utilize these hybrid nanostructures to enhance the electrochemical energy storage properties of Li-ion battery and supercapacitor are discussed. This review also briefly outlines some of the recent progress and new approaches being explored in the techniques of fabrication of 3D battery structures using hybrid nanoarchitectures.
Tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 promotes tumor-initiating cell generation and functions in melanoma and ovarian cancer (2016)

Abstract As tumor PD-L1 provides signals to anti-tumor PD-1 + T cells that blunt their functions, αPD-1 and αPD-L1 antibodies have been developed as anti-cancer immunotherapies based on interrupting this signaling axis. However, tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 signals also regulate immune-independent tumor cell proliferation and mTOR signals, among other important effects. Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) generate carcinomas, resist treatments and promote relapse. We show here that in murine B16 melanoma and ID8agg ovarian carcinoma cells, TICs express more PD-L1 versus non-TICs. Silencing PD-L1 in B16 and ID8agg cells by shRNA (‘PD-L1 lo ’) reduced TIC numbers, the canonical TIC genes nanog and pou5f1 ( oct4 ), and functions as assessed by tumorosphere development, immune-dependent and immune-independent tumorigenesis, and serial transplantability in vivo . Strikingly, tumor PD-L1 sensitized TIC to interferon-γ and rapamycin in vitro. Cell-intrinsic PD-L1 similarly drove functional TIC generation, canonical TIC gene expression and sensitivity to interferon-γ and rapamycin in human ES2 ovarian cancer cells. Thus, tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 signals promote TIC generation and virulence, possibly by promoting canonical TIC gene expression, suggesting that PD-L1 has novel signaling effects on cancer pathogenesis and treatment responses.
Data from G-Rich Proto-Oncogenes Are Targeted for Genomic Instability in B-Cell Lymphomas (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common lymphoid malignancy in adults. It is a heterogeneous disease with variability in outcome. Genomic instability of a subset of proto-oncogenes, including c&lt;i&gt;-MYC&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;BCL6, RhoH, PIM1&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;PAX5&lt;/i&gt;, can contribute to initial tumor development and has been correlated with poor prognosis and aggressive tumor growth. Lymphomas in which these proto-oncogenes are unstable derive from germinal center B cells that express activation-induced deaminase (AID), the B-cell–specific factor that deaminates DNA to initiate immunoglobulin gene diversification. Proto-oncogene instability is evident as both aberrant hypermutation and translocation, paralleling programmed instability which diversifies the immunoglobulin loci. We have asked if genomic sequence correlates with instability in AID-positive B-cell lymphomas. We show that instability does not correlate with enrichment of the WRC sequence motif that is the consensus for deamination by AID. Instability does correlate with G-richness, evident as multiple runs of the base guanine on the nontemplate DNA strand. Extending previous analysis of c-&lt;i&gt;MYC,&lt;/i&gt; we show experimentally that transcription of &lt;i&gt;BCL6&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;RhoH&lt;/i&gt; induces formation of structures, G-loops, which contain single-stranded regions targeted by AID. We further show that G-richness does not characterize translocation breakpoints in AID-negative B- and T-cell malignancies. These results identify G-richness as one feature of genomic structure that can contribute to genomic instability in AID-positive B-cell malignancies. [Cancer Res 2007;67(6):2586–94]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Lab-trial of multi-domain lightpath provisioning with PCE path computation combining BRPC and path-key topology confidentiality in GMPLS translucent WSON networks (2010)

We present a lab-trial of lightpath provisioning for multi-area, OSNR-aware and GMPLS-enabled WSON combining BRPC for path optimality with Path Keys for topology confidentiality. We quantitatively show its feasibility and performance such as the setup delay.
Bacterial pathogens in infected puncture wounds in adults with diabetes. (1994)

Infections resulting from puncture wounds to the foot in diabetics appear not to have been previously reported in the medical literature. The purpose of this report is to describe bacterial pathogens identified from bone and soft tissue infections precipitated by a puncture injury in patients with diabetes. In a 7-year retrospective study, the authors evaluated 22 patients with osteomyelitis and 44 patients with soft tissue infections. Medical records and operative culture and sensitivity reports were reviewed. Staphylococcus aureus (68%), Streptococcus species (44%), and Enterococcus species (27%) were the most common pathogens identified. Pseudomonas was more common in cases of osteomyelitis (36%) than in soft tissue infections (18%) (p < 0.001). Pseudomonas was more common in patients that had worn tennis shoes at the time of the puncture injury compared to patients that were barefoot or who wore some other type of footwear (p < 0.001). Seventy-four percent of patients had polymicrobial infections. Anaerobes were identified in only seven patients (11%). This study suggests that polymicrobial infections with few anaerobes are common in infected puncture wounds in diabetics. Pseudomonas is more common in bone infections and is associated with wearing tennis shoes at the time of injury.
Downregulation of the Na/K-ATPase Pump by Leptospiral Glycolipoprotein Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome (2012)

Leptospira interrogans is responsible for a zoonotic disease known to induce severe kidney dysfunction and inflammation. In this work, we demonstrate that L. interrogans induces NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent secretion of IL-1β through the alteration of potassium transport in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Lysosome destabilization also contributed to the IL-1β production upon stimulation with live, but not dead, bacteria. Using bone marrow-derived macrophages from various TLRs and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-deficient mice, we further determined that IL-1β production was dependent on TLR2 and TLR4, suggesting a participation of the leptospiral LPS to this process. Hypokaliemia in leptospirosis has been linked to the presence of glycolipoprotein, a cell wall component of L. interrogans that is known to inhibit the expression and functions of the Na/K-ATPase pump. We show in this study that glycolipoprotein activates the inflammasome and synergizes with leptospiral LPS to produce IL-1β, mimicking the effect of whole bacteria. These results were confirmed in vivo, as wild-type mice expressed more IL-1β in the kidney than TLR2/4-deficient mice 3 d postinfection with L. interrogans. Collectively, these findings provide the first characterization, to our knowledge, of bacteria-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through the downregulation of a specific host potassium transporter.
Synchronization of transmission systems (2003)

Issues which arise in the design of a synchronous transmission system are discussed. The present state and likely evolution of telecommunication network synchronization is reviewed. The synchronization approach adopted in the SONET draft standard is described. The duration of the output phase transient produced by a SONET byte stuff is analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Computer Industry (1984)

Computers are like drugs: you begin by spending just a little money on them, but then you get so excited by the experience—and so hooked—that you wind up spending more and more money, to feed your habit.
Structure, dynamics and vibrational spectrum of supercritical CO2/H2O mixtures from ab initio molecular dynamics as a function of water cluster formation (2010)

In this study, we investigate the effect of water-cluster formation in the supercritical (SC) systems CO(2)/(H(2)O)(n) as a function of water content using DFT-based molecular dynamics simulations. The dependence of the intermolecular and intramolecular structure and dynamic properties upon water concentration in the supercritical CO(2)/H(2)O phase at a density of 0.74 g cm(-3) and temperature of 318.15 K is investigated in detail and compared to previous studies of the pure sc-CO(2) system, single D(2)O in sc-CO(2), and Monte-Carlo simulations of a single water molecule in sc-CO(2) phase. Analysis of radial and orientational distribution functions of the intermolecular interactions shows that the presence of water molecules does not disturb the previously established distorted T-shaped orientation of CO(2) molecules, though there is evidence of perturbation of the second shell structure which enhances the preference for the slipped parallel orientation in this region. There is also evidence of short-lived hydrogen bonds between CO(2) and water molecules. For higher water concentrations, water clustering is observed, consistent with the low solubility of water in CO(2) under these conditions of temperature and pressure. Finally, the water-water and water-CO(2) interactions are discussed and analyzed in terms of the water self-association and thermodynamic quantities derived from the molecular dynamics simulations.