gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developing role of HPV in cervical cancer prevention (2013)

#### Summary points

Since the Cervical Screening Programme was introduced in England, the incidence of cervical cancer has fallen by 44% and number of deaths from the disease by 70% (fig 1⇓). This effect has also been seen in other countries.1 2 The discovery of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in cervical cancer and in subsequent molecular biology and epidemiological studies shows that persistent cervical infection with “high risk” HPV types is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. This finding has led to two major developments in cervical cancer control: immunisation as a means of primary prevention and HPV testing in cervical screening, which is poised to replace cytology as the primary screening modality. This article reviews the evidence base for evolving from exfoliative cytology alone to a dual approach of HPV vaccination and HPV based cervical screening. …
Towards people based movement interaction and kinaesthetic interaction experiences (2005)

Despite a long tradition of user centred human computer interaction design, movement interaction, as it is still in its early phase, could be described as technology driven. This paper suggests taking the starting point in personal experiences as well as theories, of modern dance and body-centred philosophies, when studying human movement in order to inform people centred movement interaction design. Taking this approach also implies designing for a kinaesthetic interaction experience that includes the aesthetic part of kinaesthetics.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Borylation of Aliphatic Terminal Alkenes with Pinacolborane (2015)

Abstract Aliphatic terminal alkenes react with pinacolborane at ambient temperature to afford dehydrogenative borylation compounds as the major product when i Pr‐Foxap is used as the ligand with cationic rhodium(I) in the presence of norbornene, which acts as the sacrificial hydrogen acceptor. The reaction is applied to the one‐pot syntheses of aldehydes and homoallylic alcohols from aliphatic terminal alkenes.
Hydrodynamics of a biologically inspired surface coating (2018)

The determination of parasitic drag is of vital importance to the development of more effective flow control. This work uses three experiments to evaluate drag. Each of these experiments utilize a different method to identify the effect of drag on a body moving relative to a fluid. Each experiment was conducted with the intent of testing a biologically inspired micro-fibular surface coating. This coating is a simplification of shark denticles which are known to have drag reducing properties. While most of the experiments failed to produce results that either confirm or deny these properties each experiment provides insight into the challenges faced in the measurement of drag. These results point to the necessity of experimental simplification and iterative experimental design to reduce the possibilities of error. The experiment that did produce useable results on the effectiveness of the bio-inspired micro-fibular surface coating showed that the surface increases the flow velocity present along a wall diverging from a passing flow. This increase in velocity is an indicator that flow separation should be expected and as a result a reduction in parasitic drag.
Ketone bodies mimic the life span extending properties of caloric restriction (2017)

The extension of life span by caloric restriction has been studied across species from yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans to primates. No generally accepted theory has been proposed to explain these observations. Here, we propose that the life span extension produced by caloric restriction can be duplicated by the metabolic changes induced by ketosis. From nematodes to mice, extension of life span results from decreased signaling through the insulin/insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling (IIS) pathway. Decreased IIS diminishes phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) triphosphate (PIP<sub>3</sub> ) production, leading to reduced PI3K and AKT kinase activity and decreased forkhead box O transcription factor (FOXO) phosphorylation, allowing FOXO proteins to remain in the nucleus. In the nucleus, FOXO proteins increase the transcription of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase 2, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and hundreds of other genes. An effective method for combating free radical damage occurs through the metabolism of ketone bodies, ketosis being the characteristic physiological change brought about by caloric restriction from fruit flies to primates. A dietary ketone ester also decreases circulating glucose and insulin leading to decreased IIS. The ketone body, d-β-hydroxybutyrate (d-βHB), is a natural inhibitor of class I and IIa histone deacetylases that repress transcription of the FOXO3a gene. Therefore, ketosis results in transcription of the enzymes of the antioxidant pathways. In addition, the metabolism of ketone bodies results in a more negative redox potential of the NADP antioxidant system, which is a terminal destructor of oxygen free radicals. Addition of d-βHB to cultures of C. elegans extends life span. We hypothesize that increasing the levels of ketone bodies will also extend the life span of humans and that calorie restriction extends life span at least in part through increasing the levels of ketone bodies. An exogenous ketone ester provides a new tool for mimicking the effects of caloric restriction that can be used in future research. The ability to power mitochondria in aged individuals that have limited ability to oxidize glucose metabolites due to pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibition suggests new lines of research for preventative measures and treatments for aging and aging-related disorders. © 2017 The Authors IUBMB Life published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 69(5):305-314, 2017.
Two new Salmonella genomic islands 1 from Proteus mirabilis and description of blaCTX-M-15 on a variant (SGI1-K7) (2018)

This study confirmed the great plasticity of the MDR region of SGI1 and its potential key role for the dissemination of clinically significant antibiotic resistance among Enterobacteriaceae.
Group testing models with unknown link function (2013)

Group testing through the use of pooling has proven to be an efﬁcient method of reducing the time and cost associated with screening for a binary characteristic of interest such as infection status. A topic of key interest in this area involves the development of regression models that relate the individual level covariates to the binary pool testing responses. The research in this area has primarily focused on parametric regression models. In this poster, we will introduce a new estimation method which can handle multi-dimensional covariates while assuming the link is unknown. The asymptotic properties of our estimators are also presented. We investigate the performance of our method through simulation and by applying it to a hepatitis data set obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Visual Pressure Estimation and Control for Soft Robotic Grippers (2022)

Soft robotic grippers facilitate contact-rich manipulation, including robust grasping of varied objects. Yet the beneficial compliance of a soft gripper also results in significant deformation that can make precision manipulation challenging. We present visual pressure estimation & control (VPEC), a method that infers pressure applied by a soft gripper using an RGB image from an external camera. We provide results for visual pressure inference when a pneumatic gripper and a tendon-actuated gripper make contact with a flat surface. We also show that VPEC enables precision manipulation via closed-loop control of inferred pressure images. In our evaluation, a mobile manipulator (Stretch RE1 from Hello Robot) uses visual servoing to make contact at a desired pressure; follow a spatial pressure trajectory; and grasp small low-profile objects, including a microSD card, a penny, and a pill. Overall, our results show that visual estimates of applied pressure can enable a soft gripper to perform precision manipulation.
Arabidopsis – a powerful model system for plant cell wall research (2010)

Plant cell walls are composites of various carbohydrates, proteins and other compounds. Cell walls provide plants with strength and protection, and also represent the most abundant source of renewable biomass. Despite the importance of plant cell walls, comparatively little is known about the identities of genes and functions of proteins involved in their biosynthesis. The model plant Arabidopsis and the availability of its genome sequence have been invaluable for the identification and functional characterization of genes encoding enzymes involved in plant cell-wall biosynthesis. This review covers recent progress in the identification and characterization of genes encoding proteins involved in the biosynthesis of Arabidopsis cell-wall polysaccharides and arabinogalactan proteins. These studies have improved our understanding of both the mechanisms of cell-wall biosynthesis and the functions of various cell-wall polymers, and have highlighted areas where further research is needed.
High-speed architectures for algorithms with quantizer loops (2002)

High-speed microelectronic implementation of adaptive equalizers, encoders, and other associated signal processing algorithms is difficult, since the recursive portion of these algorithms contains nonlinear quantization operations. Examples of such algorithms include differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), adaptive DPCM (ADPCM), and differential feedback equalizers (DFEs). In the past, look-ahead computation techniques were successfully applied to create necessary concurrency in linear recursive and some nonlinear recursive operations (such as the add-compare-select operation). Novel computation approaches are presented, and the look-ahead technique is extended to pipeline the feedback loops containing finite-level quantizers. Approaches to pipeline piecewise linear recursive systems are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Penumbra (2009)

Most existing automated debugging techniques focus on reducing the amount of code to be inspected and tend to ignore an important component of software failures: the inputs that cause the failure to manifest. In this paper, we present a new technique based on dynamic tainting for automatically identifying subsets of a program's inputs that are relevant to a failure. The technique (1) marks program inputs when they enter the application, (2) tracks them as they propagate during execution, and (3) identifies, for an observed failure, the subset of inputs that are potentially relevant for debugging that failure. To investigate feasibility and usefulness of our technique, we created a prototype tool, PENUMBRA, and used it to evaluate our technique on several failures in real programs. Our results are promising, as they show that PENUMBRA can point developers to inputs that are actually relevant for investigating a failure and can be more practical than existing alternative approaches.
CD4+ T cells support polyfunctionality of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells with memory potential in immunological control of tumor (2020)

Polyfunctionality/multifunctionality of effector T cells at the single cell level has been shown as an important parameter to predict the quality of T cell response and immunological control of infectious disease and malignancy. However, the fate of polyfunctional CD8<sup>+</sup> CTLs and the factors that control the polyfunctionality of T cells remain largely unknown. Here we show that the acquisition of polyfunctionality on the initial stimulation is a sensitive immune correlate of CTL survival and memory formation. CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells with high polyfunctionality, assessed with γ-interferon and tumor necrosis factor-α production and surface mobilization of the degranulation marker CD107a, showed enhanced Bcl-2 expression, low apoptosis, and increased CD127<sup>high</sup> KLRG1<sup>low</sup> memory precursor phenotype. Consistent with these observations, CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells were found to acquire high frequency of cells with polyfunctionality when stimulated in conditions known to enhance memory formation, such as the presence of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, interleukin (IL)-2, or IL-21. Utilizing T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mouse-derived CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells that express a TCR specific for a tumor-derived neoantigen, we showed that polyfunctional tumor-specific CTLs generated in the presence of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells showed long persistence in vivo and induced enhanced tumor regression when adoptively transferred into mice with progressing tumor. Acquisition of polyfunctionality thus impacts CTL survival and memory formation associated with immunological control of tumor.
A high mitochondrial transport rate characterizes CNS neurons with high axonal regeneration capacity (2017)

Improving axonal transport in the injured and diseased central nervous system has been proposed as a promising strategy to improve neuronal repair. However, the contribution of each cargo to the repair mechanism is unknown. DRG neurons globally increase axonal transport during regeneration. Because the transport of specific cargos after axonal insult has not been examined systematically in a model of enhanced regenerative capacity, it is unknown whether the transport of all cargos would be modulated equally in injured central nervous system neurons. Here, using a microfluidic culture system we compared neurons co-deleted for PTEN and SOCS3, an established model of high axonal regeneration capacity, to control neurons. We measured the axonal transport of three cargos (mitochondria, synaptic vesicles and late endosomes) in regenerating axons and found that the transport of mitochondria, but not the other cargos, was increased in PTEN/SOCS3 co-deleted axons relative to controls. The results reported here suggest a pivotal role for this organelle during axonal regeneration.
Mesoscale Structure in the Solar Wind (2021)

Structures in the solar wind result from two basic mechanisms: structures injected or imposed directly by the Sun, and structures formed through processing en route as the solar wind advects outward and fills the heliosphere. On the largest scales, solar structures directly impose heliospheric structures, such as coronal holes imposing high speed streams of solar wind. Transient solar processes can inject large-scale structure directly into the heliosphere as well, such as coronal mass ejections. At the smallest, kinetic scales, the solar wind plasma continually evolves, converting energy into heat, and all structure at these scales is formed en route. “Mesoscale” structures, with scales at 1 AU in the approximate spatial range of 5–10,000 Mm and temporal range of 10 s–7 h, lie in the orders of magnitude gap between the two size-scale extremes. Structures of this size regime are created through both mechanisms. Competition between the imposed and injected structures with turbulent and other evolution leads to complex structuring and dynamics. The goal is to understand this interplay and to determine which type of mesoscale structures dominate the solar wind under which conditions. However, the mesoscale regime is also the region of observation space that is grossly under-sampled. The sparse in situ measurements that currently exist are only able to measure individual instances of discrete structures, and are not capable of following their evolution or spatial extent. Remote imaging has captured global and large scale features and their evolution, but does not yet have the sensitivity to measure most mesoscale structures and their evolution. Similarly, simulations cannot model the global system while simultaneously resolving kinetic effects. It is important to understand the source and evolution of solar wind mesoscale structures because they contain information on how the Sun forms the solar wind, and constrains the physics of turbulent processes. Mesoscale structures also comprise the ground state of space weather, continually buffeting planetary magnetospheres. In this paper we describe the current understanding of the formation and evolution mechanisms of mesoscale structures in the solar wind, their characteristics, implications, and future steps for research progress on this topic.
JEDI:JointEstimationDiffusionImaging of macroscopic and microscopic tissue properties (2020)

The potential utility of this method is suggested by an initial demonstration of its ability to mitigate the problem of gyral bias. The capability of more completely characterizing the tissue structure and connectivity throughout the entire brain has broad implications for the utility and scope of dMRI in a wide range of research and clinical applications.
In situ green synthesis of antimicrobial carboxymethyl chitosan&ndash;nanosilver hybrids with controlled silver release (2017)

In order to fabricate antimicrobial carboxymethyl chitosan-nanosilver (CMC-Ag) hybrids with controlled silver release, this study demonstrated comparable formation via three synthetic protocols: 1) carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and glucose (adding glucose after AgNO<sub>3</sub>), 2) CMC and glucose (adding glucose before AgNO<sub>3</sub>), and 3) CMC only. Under principles of green chemistry, the synthesis was conducted in an aqueous medium exposed to microwave irradiation for 10 minutes with nontoxic chemicals. The structure and formation mechanisms of the three CMC-Ag hybrids were explored using X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared analyses. Additionally, antimicrobial activity and in vitro silver release of the three synthesized hybrids were investigated in detail. The results revealed that a large number of stable, uniform, and small silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in situ on CMC chains via protocol 1. AgNPs were well dispersed with narrow size distribution in the range of 6-20 nm, with mean diameter only 12.22±2.57 nm. The addition of glucose resulted in greater AgNP synthesis. The order of addition of glucose and AgNO<sub>3</sub> significantly affected particle size and size distribution of AgNPs. Compared to CMC alone and commercially available AgNPs, the antimicrobial activities of three hybrids were significantly improved. Of the three hybrids, CMC-Ag1 synthesized via protocol 1 exhibited better antimicrobial activity than CMC-Ag2 and CMC-Ag3, and showed more effective inhibition of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> than <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Due to strong coordination and electrostatic interactions between CMC and silver and good steric protection provided by CMC, CMC-Ag1 displayed stable and continuous silver release and better performance in retaining silver for prolonged periods than CMC-Ag2 and CMC-Ag3.
Reproduction of Short Time Intervals by African Immigrants (1992)

20 Italians (mean age: 29.1 yr.) and 20 African immigrants (mean age: 29.7 yr.) were asked to assess when one minute had passed after a given signal. Italians produced an approximately correct time interval, while African immigrants produced time intervals shorter than the correct ones. The subjective underestimation observed in African immigrants is discussed with reference to the changes in the style of life associated with the transition from their native country to the country in which they are living.
Novel Molecular Subtypes of Serous and Endometrioid Ovarian Cancer Linked to Clinical Outcome (2008)

Gene expression profiling identified molecular subtypes of ovarian cancer of biological and clinical importance.
Surface Passivation Using Dielectric Films: How Much Charge is Enough? (2009)

It is well known that the recombination of excess carriers at semiconductor surfaces can be substantially reduced by electrostatic charge. The ability to incorporate large charge densities in dielectric films, and to vary the charge density through adjustment of deposition parameters or post deposition treatments, raises an important practical question: how much charge is enough for optimum passivation? We attempt to answer this question through direct measurement of the emitter saturation current density Joe as a function of applied voltage on samples with a symmetric metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure. Our results indicate that the impact of applied charge density on surface recombination tends to saturate at charge densities of around 8x10-7C/cm-2 (5x1012 charges cm-2), so that higher charge densities do not offer any increased benefit for surface passivation. While our results are currently confined chiefly to oxide passivated samples, we expect that a similar behavior will be observed for samples passivated with other dielectric films.
Two-Phase Drive Self-Scanning Light-Emitting Device (SLED) Using Coupling Diodes (1991)

The self-scanning light-emitting device (SLED) is expected to become a new key device for two-dimensional optical information processing, because the light-emitting ON-states of the SLED are automatically transferred by input clock pulses, and the optical pulses can start the transfer action from any elements. It will be important to decrease the number of transfer clock lines in order to realize the highly packed two-dimensional integrated SLED. Therefore, we propose the two-phase drive SLED using coupling diodes and demonstrate its operation. It has a wide operating margin as well as 10 MHz as the maximum transfer frequency.
Therapeutic ultrasound for glaucoma: clinical use of a low-frequency low-power ultrasound device for lowering intraocular pressure (2014)

The study was a registered clinical trial, #ISRCTN50904302.
Hexane-1,6-diammonium bis(pyridine-2-carboxylate) (2009)

The title compound, C(6)H(18)N(2) (2+)·2C(6)H(4)NO(2) (-), consists of a doubly protonated hexa-methyl-enediammonium dication and two pyridine-2-carboxyl-ate anions. These ions inter-act by means of inter-molecular N-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds to form a two-dimensional array. The carboxyl-ate groups of the anions appear to be delocalized on the basis of the C-O bond lengths.
Mesh Matching - Creating Conforming Interfaces Between Hexahedral Meshes. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Comparison of 5-hydroxytryptophan signaling pathway characteristics in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis (2016)

The IBS-D and UC groups showed similar clinical symptom scores, visceral sensitivity, and levels of serotonin signaling pathway indicators in the plasma and colonic mucosa. However, the pain threshold and 5-HT7R expression in the colonic mucosa were significantly different between these groups. The results reveal that (1) IBS-D and UC are related to visceral sensitivity pathogenesis and the clinical manifestations of these conditions and (2) the observed differences in visceral hypersensitivity are possibly due to differences in levels of the 5-HT7 receptor, a component of the 5-HT signaling pathway.
Prediction of Asphaltene Deposition Conditions: A Revisit of ASIST Methodology by Using Fully Immersed Quartz Crystal Sensor (2018)

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The CKH1/EER4 Gene Encoding a TAF12-Like Protein Negatively Regulates Cytokinin Sensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana (2011)

The recessive ckh1 (cytokinin hypersensitive 1) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana shows hypersensitivity to cytokinins, which promote proliferation and greening of calli. The CKH1 gene encodes a protein resembling TAF12 (TATA BOX BINDING PROTEIN ASSOCIATED FACTOR 12), which is a component of transcription factor IID (TFIID)- and histone acetyltransferase-containing complexes in yeast and animals. Microarray analyses revealed that a substantially greater number of genes responded to a low level of cytokinins in the ckh1 mutant than in the wild type. However, expression of cytokinin primary response genes was not significantly affected by the ckh1 mutation. These results suggest that the CKH1 protein regulates a set of genes involved in late signaling processes governing a range of cytokinin responses, including cell proliferation and differentiation.