gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cogeneration systems optimization: Comparison of multi-step and mixed integer linear programming approaches (2016)

The presented work compares two optimization models for combined heat and power (CHP) energy systems scheduling. Both models are focused on the evaluation of the best operating strategy to run a defined cogeneration system that is dealing with time-variable loads and tariffs. The simultaneous usage of different prime movers operating in parallel is taken into consideration as well as their part load performance, the influence of ambient temperature, and the usage of a heat storage system. One of the models is heuristic and adopts an optimization strategy based on a multi-step approach: it simulates several cases according to a pre-defined path exploring the most reasonable operational modes and comparing them systematically. The other one relies on a mathematical approach. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) algorithm has been developed in order to deal with more complex systems without the need of predefining a too large variety of optimization paths according to the case. Results of the two models are compared against a test case based on real plant specifications, discussing their performance, by the point of view of simulation capabilities, quality of the optimization results, and calculation time.
Three-year health-related quality-of-life outcomes for sirolimus-treated kidney transplant patients after elimination of cyclosporine (2007)

This study compared 3-year health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) outcomes of sirolimus (SRL)-treated kidney transplant patients after elimination of cyclosporine (CsA) with patients continuing on a combined CsA and SRL regimen. A randomized, multi-country, open-label, clinical trial was performed. 430 kidney transplant patients were randomly assigned to SRL+corticosteroids (ST) (n = 215) or SRL+CsA+ST (n = 215) therapy after an initial 3-month period of combined SRL+CsA+ST treatment. HRQL was measured using the Kidney Transplant Questionnaire (KTQ) and the SF-36 Health Survey at month 3 (time of randomization) and months 12, 24, and 36 post-transplantation. Mixed-model ancova was used to evaluate treatment differences in HRQL outcomes. HRQL scores were available for 361 (86.4%) eligible study patients. Significant treatment-by-assessment time interactions, favoring SRL+ST, were found on KTQ fatigue (P = 0.0005), emotions (P = 0.028), and appearance scores (P = 0.006). Statistically significant treatment-by-assessment time interactions were observed for SF-36 vitality (P = 0.0001), general health (P = 0.011), social function (P = 0.020), and role-physical scores (P = 0.049). Vitality scores improved in the SRL+ST group (mean 3.5-point change) over 36 months, compared with decreases in the SRL+CsA+ST group (mean -3.2-point change). SRL-based therapy with early CsA-elimination results in fewer appearance-related problems, less fatigue, greater vitality, and improved general health status and social functioning compared with continuous SRL+CsA+ST treatment.
Mortality after deferral of treatment or no treatment for choroidal melanoma (2018)

Greater mortality and higher risk of death for NHS patients are probative but not conclusive evidence of a beneficial, life-extending effect of medium melanoma treatment.
Abstract 156: Hydrogel Mattress, an in vitro Platform to Enhance Maturation and Evaluate Contractile Function of Individual hiPSC-CMs (2015)

Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have great potential as tools for human heart disease modeling and drug discovery. However, their contractile properties have not been routinely evaluated; as current methods are not accessible for most laboratories. We sought to develop a more efficient method to evaluate hiPSC-CM mechanical properties, at the single cell level. Individual hiPSC-CMs were cultured on a hydrogel based platform, termed the “hydrogel mattress,” and their cellular contractile properties evaluated using video-based edge detection. We found that hiPSC-CMs maintained on the mattress reproducibly exhibited robust cell shortening, in dramatic contrast to hiPSC-CMs maintained in a standard manner. We further found that contraction and peak cell shortening amplitude of hiPSC-CMs on mattress was comparable to that of freshly isolated adult ventricular mouse CM. Importantly, hiPSC-CMs maintained on the mattress exhibited several characteristics of a native CM, in terms of myocyte elongation, calcium handling and pharmacological response. Finally, using this platform, we could calculate the traction force generated by individual CMs. In summary, the Hydrogel mattress platform is a simple and reliable in vitro platform that not only enables the quantification of contractile performance of isolated hiPSC-CMs, but also enhances CM maturation. This flexible platform can be extended to in vitro disease modeling, drug discovery and cardiotoxicity testing.
<title>En-face OCT technology for high-resolution imaging of tissue</title> (2002)

En-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology is employed to produce high resolution images from the retina, cornea, skin and teeth. Longitudinal (B-scan) and transversal (C-scan) images are demonstrated using en-face scanning method. The main advantage of the en-face imaging is that the C-scan images permit a straightforward comparison with the images produced by confocal microscopy. Other developments are also presented as the generation of 3D imaging of different tissue using stacks of en- face OCT images collected at different depths.
Chirped pulses, Gauss sums and the factorization of numbers (2006)

International audience
Development of Phloxine B and Uranine Bait for Control of Mexican Fruit Fly (1995)

The Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens Loew) has been recognized as a threat to citrus production and marketing in the southwestern United States since 1900. We proposed to develop a bait system for this species, and 5-8 other economically damaging Anastrepha species. The bait system should be toxic to insects only when ingested, is non-toxic to vertebrates, is relatively stable, and has delayed toxicity. Phloxin B + Uranine has these properties. We have developed a bait using dye, protein hydrolysate, and simple sugars to attract, stimulate feeding, and kill adult fruit flies. Field caged tree trials with these ingredients indicated that adults of both sexes are killed during sexual development and 60-90% of populations can be killed as they mature in 5 days. Under field cage conditions in south Texas concentrations of dye from 0.25% to 2.0% were equally effective. Addition of surfactants (2.0%) increased fly mortality by 250%.
A study on richer syntactic dependencies for structured language modeling (2001)

We study the impact of richer syntactic dependencies on the performance of the structured language model (SLM) along three dimensions: parsing accuracy (LP/LR), perplexity (PPL) and word-error-rate (WER, N-best re-scoring). We show that our models achieve an improvement in LP/LR, PPL and/or WER over the reported baseline results using the SLM on the UPenn Treebank and Wall Street Journal (WSJ) corpora, respectively. Analysis of parsing performance shows correlation between the quality of the parser (as measured by precision/recall) and the language model performance (PPL and WER). A remarkable fact is that the enriched SLM outperforms the baseline 3-gram model in terms of WER by 10% when used in isolation as a second pass (N-best re-scoring) language model.
Interference of Glycine Transporter 1: Modulation of Cognitive Functions Via Activation of Glycine-B Site of the NMDA Receptor (2007)

The high-affinity glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) is the primary endogenous regulator of glycine levels in the vicinity of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). As a co-agonist, glycine can allosterically modulate NMDAR functions through its binding to the glycine binding site (glycine-B site). Under homeostatic conditions, GlyT1 mediated re-uptake is believed to maintain the synaptic glycine concentration below the saturation level of the glycine-B site. Given that glycine-B site occupation is obligatory for glutamatergic activation of the NMDAR, increased availability of glycine in the vicinity of NMDARs glycine-B site has been suggested as an alternate strategy to enhance NMDAR functions. Because exogenously administered glycine shows poor blood-brain barrier penetration and must overcome potent regulatory brain mechanisms in order to efficiently enhance NMDAR function, one currently favored strategy is to target the glycine clearance mechanism through inhibition of GlyT1 mediated re-uptake. Numerous studies have demonstrated that pharmacological blockade or molecular down-regulation of GlyT1 leads to enhanced NMDAR functions and thus may provide novel therapeutic avenues in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders in which NDMAR hypofunction has been implicated, including schizophrenia. Several modulatory agents targeted at the glycine-B site are currently undergoing pre-clinical and clinical development as potential antipsychotic drugs. Parallel research in animals with pharmacological inhibition of GlyT1 or GlyT1 knock-out mice has also generated promising results, reinforcing the hypothesis that disruption of glycine reuptake via GlyT1 may entail therapeutic value against primarily negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Keywords: Cognitive enhancer, glycine, GlyT1, glutamate, learning and memory, NMDA, schizophrenia
General Construction and Topological Classification of All Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Flat Bands (2021)

Exotic phases of matter emerge from the interplay between strong electron interactions and non-trivial topology. Owing to their lack of dispersion at the single-particle level, systems harboring flat bands are excellent testbeds for strongly interacting physics, with twisted bilayer graphene serving as a prime example. On the other hand, existing theoretical models for obtaining flat bands in crystalline materials, such as the line-graph formalism, are often too restrictive for real-life material realizations. Here we present a generic technique for constructing perfectly flat bands from bipartite crystalline lattices. Our prescription encapsulates and generalizes the various flat band models in the literature, being applicable to systems with any orbital content, with or without spin-orbit coupling. Using Topological Quantum Chemistry, we build a complete topological classification in terms of symmetry eigenvalues of all the gapped and gapless flat bands, for all 1651 Magnetic Space Groups. In addition, we derive criteria for the existence of symmetry-protected band touching points between the flat and dispersive bands, and we identify the gapped flat bands as prime candidates for fragile topological phases. Finally, we show that the set of all (gapped and gapless) perfectly flat bands is finitely generated and construct the corresponding bases for all 1651 Shubnikov Space Groups.
Utilizing Digital Image Correlation to Capture Strains in Dental Applications (2012)

The objective of this study was to explore the usefulness of digital image correlation in determining deformations in teeth induced during polymerization of a restorative material. The teeth were initially prepared and coated with a spray paint speckle pattern while the prepared cavities were protected with a silicone insert. Each tooth was then attached to a workbench configured with two digital cameras. Once the tooth was secured, a reference image was taken before filling the cavity. Then additional images were taken at each stage of restorative material insertion and curing. Post-processing of the images consisted of calculating the full-field displacement of the side of interest in each of the three coordinate directions of the tooth. Measurements showed that the cusp tips were displaced toward one another by 10–20 μm during resin polymerization. Post-cure shrinkage was also exhibited and documented here-within. The degree of accuracy of the camera set-up in the in-plane and out-of-plane direction was experimentally determined through rigorous testing and post-processing.
Antibacterial Characteristics of N-Alkyl-2-alkylthiopyridinium and N-Alkyl-4-alkylthiopyridinium Salts. (1997)

N-Alkyl-2-alkylthiopyridinium (2TPX-n : X=I or Br, n=6-18) and N-alkyl-4-alkylthiopyridinium salts (4TPX-n), which have an electron-releasing group on the pyridine ring, were synthesized. Both 2TPBr-12 and 4TPBr-12 showed a wide and potent bactericidal spectrum of activity against Gram-negative bacteria (9 strains) and Gram-positive bacteria (3 strains), compared with N-dodecylpyridinium iodide (P-12) which has no substituents. The activity of these new compounds was not correlated with the hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell surface. This suggests that the bactericidal mechanism of 2TPBr-12 and 4TPBr-12 is different from that of P-12. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity of the new compounds against Escherichia coli K12 W3110 was closely influenced by their alkyl chain length. Since they have two hydrophobic alkyl chains in their structure, it seems that hydrophobic association between the molecule of 2TPX-n or 4TPX-n and medium components in the minimum inhibitory concentration measurement system caused the reduction in their apparent concentration. The bactericidal activity of these compounds was dependent on their bacterioclastic activity, and less dependent on their hydrophobicity (RM).
Plasma-Pretreated Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis From Syngas (2009)

A new catalyst preparation method by combining the traditional coprecipitation method with an oxygen plasma pretreatment was developed in this paper. The ternary Cu/Zn/Al catalyst powders were first prepared by coprecipitation method, and then pretreated by the plasma in a fluidized-bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor with a carrier gas of a molar ratio of O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Ar = 5/95. Then, the plasma-pretreated catalyst was conducted with the methanol synthesis test at the following conditions: H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /CO/N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> = 64/32/4, Q = 900 seem, P = 4 MPa, and T = 255degC. The plasma pretreatment could enhance the catalytic activity, e.g., the methanol selectivity increased from 28% to 72% and the methanol yield from 0.19 to 0.52 g/g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cat.</sub> middot h, although the CO and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> conversions were slightly decreased. On the other hand, the BET, inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis found that the catalytic properties did vary after plasma pretreatment. In short, this paper reveals that the plasma pretreatment is a viable process for preparation of Cu/Zn/Al catalyst in terms of methanol synthesis.
Genetic Diagnostic Strategies and Counseling for Families Affected by Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (2021)

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common and severe birth defect with variable clinical outcome and associated malformations in up to 60% of patients. Mortality and morbidity remain high despite advances in pre-, intra-, and postnatal management. We review the current literature and give an overview about the genetics of CDH to provide guidelines for clinicians with respect to genetic diagnostics and counseling for families. Until recently, the common practice was (molecular) karyotyping or chromosome microarray if the CDH diagnosis is made prenatally with a 10% diagnostic yield. Undiagnosed patients can be reflexed to trio exome/genome sequencing with an additional diagnostic yield of 10 to 20%. Even with a genetic diagnosis, there can be a range of clinical outcomes. All families with a child with CDH with or without additional malformations should be offered genetic counseling and testing in a family-based trio approach.
A parameter estimation approach to time delay estimation (2005)

Present techniques that estimate the difference in arrival time between two signals, corrupted by noise, received at two separate sensors, are based on the determination of the peak of the generalized cross-correlation between the signals. To achieve good resolution and stability in the estimates, the input sequences are first weighted. Invariably, the weights are dependent on input spectra which are generally unknown and hence have to be estimated. By approximating the time shift as a finite impulse response filter, estimation of time delay becomes one of determination of the filter coefficients. With this formulation, a host of techniques in the well developed area of parameter estimation is available to the time delay estimation problem. In addition, the parameter estimation approach is expected to have a smaller variance since it avoids the need for spectral estimation. Indeed, experimental results from two examples show that the time delay estimate, found by least squares parameter estimation, has a smaller variance than the approximate maximum likelihood estimator of Hannan-Thomson where spectral estimation is required.
Amino acid composition of human scalp hair as a biometric classifier and investigative lead (2014)

Hair shaft analysis is becoming increasingly important in clinical applications and forensic science.
Online Reputation and Polling Systems: Data Incest, Social Learning, and Revealed Preferences (2014)

This paper considers online reputation and polling systems where individuals make recommendations based on their private observations and recommendations of friends. Such interaction of individuals and their social influence is modeled as social learning on a directed acyclic graph. Data incest (misinformation propagation) occurs due to unintentional reuse of identical actions in the formation of public belief in social learning; the information gathered by each agent is mistakenly considered to be independent. This results in overconfidence and bias in estimates of the state. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given on the structure of information exchange graph to mitigate data incest. Incest removal algorithms are presented. Experimental results on human subjects are presented to illustrate the effect of social influence and data incest on decision-making. These experimental results indicate that social learning protocols require careful design to handle and mitigate data incest. The incest removal algorithms are illustrated in an expectation polling system where participants in a poll respond with a summary of their friends' beliefs. Finally, the principle of revealed preferences arising in microeconomics theory is used to parse Twitter datasets to determine if social sensors are utility maximizers and then determine their utility functions.
An Isolation Method for Assessment of Brain Mitochondria Function in Neonatal Mice with Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury (2008)

This work was undertaken to develop a method for the isolation of mitochondria from a single cerebral hemisphere in neonatal mice. Mitochondria from the normal mouse brain hemisphere isolated by the proposed method exhibited a good respiratory control ratio of 6.39 +/- 0.53 during glutamate-malate-induced phosphorylating respiration. Electron microscopy showed intact mitochondria. The applicability of this method was tested on mitochondria isolated from naïve mice and their littermates subjected to hypoxic-ischemic insult. Hypoxic-ischemic insult prior to reperfusion resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) inhibition of phosphorylating respiration compared to naïve littermates. This was associated with a profound depletion of the ATP content in the ischemic hemisphere. The expression for Mn superoxide dismutase and cytochrome C (markers for the integrity of the mitochondrial matrix and outer membrane) was determined by Western blot to control for mitochondrial integrity and quantity in the compared samples. Thus, we have developed a method for the isolation of the cerebral mitochondria from a single hemisphere adapted to neonatal mice. This method may serve as a valuable tool to study mitochondrial function in a mouse model of immature brain injury. In addition, the suggested method enables us to examine the mitochondrial functional phenotype in immature mice with a targeted genetic alteration.
Glycerol Production of Various Strains of Saccharomyces (1982)

S.36-40
Macroscopic characterization of cell electroporation in biological tissue based on electrical measurements (2004)

A method is described to experimentally determine the temporal evolution of state variables involved in the electroporation of biological tissue, i.e., the transmembrane voltage and the macroscopic current flowing in the electropores. Indeed, the electrical parameters of the extracellular, intracellular, and unaltered membrane contributions as well as the electropores electrical characteristics can be deduced from the measurement of the tissue bioimpedance and from the variations of both the macroscopic voltage applied to the tissue and the delivered current.
Wetness and Color from a Single Multispectral Image (2017)

Visual recognition of wet surfaces and their degrees of wetness is important for many computer vision applications. It can inform slippery spots on a road to autonomous vehicles, muddy areas of a trail to humanoid robots, and the freshness of groceries to us. In the past, monochromatic appearance change, the fact that surfaces darken when wet, has been modeled to recognize wet surfaces. In this paper, we show that color change, particularly in its spectral behavior, carries rich information about a wet surface. We derive an analytical spectral appearance model of wet surfaces that expresses the characteristic spectral sharpening due to multiple scattering and absorption in the surface. We derive a novel method for estimating key parameters of this spectral appearance model, which enables the recovery of the original surface color and the degree of wetness from a single observation. Applied to a multispectral image, the method estimates the spatial map of wetness together with the dry spectral distribution of the surface. To our knowledge, this work is the first to model and leverage the spectral characteristics of wet surfaces to revert its appearance. We conduct comprehensive experimental validation with a number of wet real surfaces. The results demonstrate the accuracy of our model and the effectiveness of our method for surface wetness and color estimation.