gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward an Automated Auction Framework for Wireless Federated Learning Services Market (2019)

In traditional machine learning, the central server first collects the data owners' private data together and then trains the model. However, people's concerns about data privacy protection are dramatically increasing. The emerging paradigm of federated learning efficiently builds machine learning models while allowing the private data to be kept at local devices. The success of federated learning requires sufficient data owners to jointly utilize their data, computing and communication resources for model training. In this paper, we propose an auction based market model for incentivizing data owners to participate in federated learning. We design two auction mechanisms for the federated learning platform to maximize the social welfare of the federated learning services market. Specifically, we first design an approximate strategy-proof mechanism which guarantees the truthfulness, individual rationality, and computational efficiency. To improve the social welfare, we develop an automated strategy-proof mechanism based on deep reinforcement learning and graph neural networks. The communication traffic congestion and the unique characteristics of federated learning are particularly considered in the proposed model. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed auction mechanisms can efficiently maximize the social welfare and provide effective insights and strategies for the platform to organize the federated training.
Rate Dependency of Discontinuous Propagation (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Continuous versus Discontinuous Propagation Postrepolarization Refractoriness Cellular Mechanisms of Discontinuous Propagation Unidirectional Block Cellular Mechanisms of Wenckebach Periodicity Recovery Curve Recovery Curve Predicts Nonlinear Dynamics of Rate-Dependent Propagation Ionic Mechanism of Wenckebach in Ventricular and Atrioventricular Nodal Myocytes Nonlinear Recovery and Complex Excitation Dynamics Role of Gross Anatomic Structure in Discontinuous Propagation The Phenomenon of Fibrillatory Conduction Summary
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with complex karyotype and SET-NUP214 rearrangement: a case study and review of the literature. (2005)

SET-NUP214 rearrangements have been rarely reported in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), acute undifferentiated leukemia, and acute myeloid leukemia, and most documented cases have been associated with normal karyotypes in conventional cytogenetic analyses. Here, we describe a novel case of T-ALL associated with a mediastinal mass and a SET-NUP214 rearrangement, which was masked by a complex karyotype at the time of initial diagnosis. Using multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, we detected a cryptic SET-NUP214 rearrangement in our patient. As only 11 cases (including the present study) of T-ALL with SET-NUP214 rearrangement have been reported, the clinical features and treatment outcomes have not been fully determined. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the incidence of SET-NUP214 rearrangement in T-ALL patients and the treatment responses as well as prognosis of these patients.
Disruption of AtMRP4, a guard cell plasma membrane ABCC‐type ABC transporter, leads to deregulation of stomatal opening and increased drought susceptibility (2004)

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are membrane proteins responsible for cellular detoxification processes in plants and animals. Recent evidence shows that this class of transporters may also be involved in many other cellular processes. Because of their homology with human multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and sulfonylurea receptor (SUR), some plant ABC transporters have been implicated in the regulation of ion channel activities. This paper describes an investigation of the AtMRP4 gene and its role in stomatal regulation. Reporter gene studies showed that AtMRP4 is highly expressed in stomata and that the protein is localized to the plasma membrane. Stomatal aperture in three independent atmrp4 mutant alleles was larger than in wild-type plants, both in the light and in the dark, resulting in increased water loss but no change in the photosynthetic rate. In baker's yeast, AtMRP4 shows ATP-dependent, vanadate-sensitive transport of methotrexate (MTX), an antifolate and a substrate of mammalian MRPs. Treatment with MTX reduced stomatal opening in wild-type plants, but had no effect in atmrp4 mutants. These results indicate the involvement of AtMRP4 in the complex regulation of stomatal aperture.
Temporal Patterning in the Family (1976)

The authors propose that time be considered as a variable in family process. Previous theory and research on human temporal patterning and experience are reviewed, and empirical generalizations from an initial pilot study concerned with marital and family members' orientation to "morningness" and "nightness" are presented. Further implications from this work-in-progress are delineated.
Atomic scale memory at a silicon surface (2002)

The limits of pushing storage density to the atomic scale are explored with a memory that stores a bit by the presence or absence of one silicon atom. These atoms are positioned at lattice sites along self-assembled tracks with a pitch of 5 atom rows. The writing process involves removal of Si atoms with the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope. The memory can be reformatted by controlled deposition of silicon. The constraints on speed and reliability are compared with data storage in magnetic hard disks and DNA.
Chemical shift imaging with paramagnetic contrast material enhancement for improved lesion depiction. (1989)

The depiction of contrast material-enhanced lesions with magnetic resonance imaging can be improved by using chemical shift imaging (CSI) for lipid suppression in combination with gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) enhancement. Gd-DTPA enhancement was combined with the hybrid technique for lipid suppression, which provides water-only images without increasing imaging time or postprocessing. Lesions with high signal intensity due to paramagnetic relaxation enhancement are easily distinguished from low-intensity lipid, which would otherwise dominate T1-weighted images. Preliminary studies were performed to compare Gd-DTPA-CSI images with conventional postcontrast T1-weighted images. In patients examined for orbital, pituitary, and musculoskeletal abnormalities, the Gd-DTPA-CSI technique enabled improved detection and finer anatomic staging of lesions. In theory, a similar result can be achieved by using any chemical shift-selective method that results in true lipid suppression together with paramagnetic contrast agents that generate high signal intensity. This general approach should be applicable to clinical studies in other tissues or organ systems dominated by lipid, including the pelvis, mediastinum, and breast.
On measuring the distribution of local free volume in glassy polymers by photochromic and fluorescence techniques (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn measuring the distribution of local free volume in glassy polymers by photochromic and fluorescence techniquesJohn G. Victor and John M. TorkelsonCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 9, 2241–2250Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00175a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00175a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1505Altmetric-Citations262LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (1999)

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been used to directly prepare linear pHEMA of controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity. Reaction conditions were adjusted to successfully polymerize the functional, polar methacrylate monomer. These adjustments included the use of a mixed solvent system consisting of methyl ethyl ketone and 1-propanol, lowering the temperature to 50 °C or less and using an alkyl bromide initiator with a copper chloride catalyst. The Cu/2,2‘-bipyridyl (bpy) complex, normally a heterogeneous mixture in nonpolar, organic solvents, was completely soluble in the above solvent system. A block copolymer was prepared with a poly(methyl methacrylate) macroinitiator. The monomer can also be protected and polymerized under conditions very similar to those used for the ATRP of methyl methacrylate.
Strongly non-linear effects in non-uniform waveguide arrays (1999)

We observed a bound state in a waveguide array localized on a guide with reduced effective index. We designed the array in such a way that the optical nonlinearity may compete with the linear guiding mechanism, allowing for strongly nonlinear effects. We demonstrate that considerable portions of the guided power escape from the defect state due to the action of the nonlinearity. We found a power dependent high contrast up switching in one of the waveguides. This is a remarkable achievement in a real device, which presents both dispersion as well as linear and nonlinear losses.
Fate of Hop and Fermentation Odorants in Commercial Belgian Dry-Hopped Beers over 2 Years of Bottle Storage: Key-Role of Oxidation and Hop Esterases (2020)

The aim of the present work was to compare levels of short chain fatty acids, esters, terpenoids and polyfunctional thiols in (mostly bottle-refermented) commercial Belgian dry-hopped beers before and after 2 years of storage at 20 °C (the usual best-before date in Belgium). Among the hop-derived volatiles, the terpenoids linalool and geraniol, the polyfunctional thiols 3SHol, 3SHA and 3S4MPol, and the esters ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate and ethyl heptanoate (up to 499, 53, 0.2, 2, 3, 84, 63, and 19 µg/L, respectively) were found above their sensory thresholds in most fresh dry-hopped beers. The fermentation-derived esters reached concentrations similar to those previously reported for non-dry-hopped beers, with ethyl hexanoate and isoamyl acetate (up to 0.4 and 3.9 mg/L, respectively) often above their sensory thresholds. Except ethyl isovalerate (more than 85% still present), most hop odorants and fermentation esters showed degradation over the 2-year storage period: only 45%–70% of linalool, geraniol, and ethyl hexanoate and even less than 40% for polyfunctional thiols, ethyl isobutyrate, and ethyl heptanoate initial concentrations were detected after storage. How the dry-hopping process affects this degradation was further investigated in model media. Fermentation esters proved to be more strongly impacted in dry-hopped than in non-dry-hopped beers because of hop esterase activity. In addition to being aware of the need to avoid hop esterases, craft brewers are here advised to use bottle refermentation for its ability to regenerate some flavors and consume packaged oxygen. No deleterious effect of yeast, such as short chain fatty acid excretion, was evidenced.
Metal Ion Involvement in the Allosteric Mechanism of Escherichia coli Aspartate Transcarbamoylase (2012)

Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) allosterically regulates pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. The enzyme is inhibited by CTP and can be further inhibited by UTP, although UTP alone has little or no influence on activity; however, the mechanism for the synergistic inhibition is still unknown. To determine how UTP is able to synergistically inhibit ATCase in the presence of CTP, we determined a series of X-ray structures of ATCase·nucleotide complexes. Analysis of the X-ray structures revealed that (1) CTP and dCTP bind in a very similar fashion, (2) UTP, in the presence of dCTP or CTP, binds at a site that does not overlap the CTP/dCTP site, and (3) the triphosphates of the two nucleotides are parallel to each other with a metal ion, in this case Mg(2+), coordinated between the β- and γ-phosphates of the two nucleotides. Kinetic experiments showed that the presence of a metal ion such as Mg(2+) is required for synergistic inhibition. Together, these results explain how the binding of UTP can enhance the binding of CTP and why UTP binds more tightly in the presence of CTP. A mechanism for the synergistic inhibition of ATCase is proposed in which the presence of UTP stabilizes the T state even more than CTP alone. These results also call into question many of the past kinetic and binding experiments with ATCase with nucleotides as the presence of metal contamination was not considered important.
Target localization and course change detection using bearing and bearing rate measurements (2011)

This paper addresses the problem of tracking a maneuvering target from passive measurements collected by a single observer. The target motion is characterized by several legs where in each leg the target moves with a constant speed and course. Course changes can be performed almost instantaneously. Furthermore, the observer takes either bearings-only or combined bearing and bearing rate measurements obtained by signals originating from the target. Here, the measurements are acquired by taking advantage of signal processing using a sensor array. In order to estimate the target state, a nonlinear Bayesian estimator, more precisely the marginalized particle filter, is applied in this work. Additionally, the times of course changes are detected employing a chi-square test. Finally, a comparison of the estimation results, obtained by Monte Carlo simulations, is performed between the cases of bearings-only measurements and combined bearing and bearing rate measurements. It is shown that a superior performance is achieved when using combined bearing and bearing rate measurements.
Oxygen anion (O−) and hydroxide anion (HO−) reactivity with a series of old and new refrigerants (2017)

The reactivity of a series of commonly used halogenated compounds (trihalomethanes, chlorofluorocarbon, hydrochlorofluorocarbon, fluorocarbons, and hydrofluoroolefin) with hydroxide and oxygen anion is studied in a compact Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance. O<sup>-</sup> is formed by dissociative electron attachment to N<sub>2</sub> O and HO<sup>-</sup> by a further ion-molecule reaction with ammonia. Kinetic experiments are performed by increasing duration of introduction of the studied molecule at a constant pressure. Hydroxide anion reactions mainly proceed by proton transfer for all the acidic compounds. However, nucleophilic substitution is observed for chlorinated and brominated compounds. For fluorinated compounds, a specific elimination of a neutral fluorinated alkene is observed in our results in parallel with the proton transfer reaction. Oxygen anion reacts rapidly and extensively with all compounds. Main reaction channels result from nucleophilic substitution, proton transfer, and formal H<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> transfer. We highlight the importance of transfer processes (atom or ion) in the intermediate ion-neutral complex, explaining part of the observed reactivity and formed ions. In this paper, we present the first reactivity study of anions with HFO 1234yf. Finally, the potential of O<sup>-</sup> and HO<sup>-</sup> as chemical ionization reagents for trace analysis is discussed.
Lung Injury After Acute Inhalation Of Perfluoroisobutylene: Exposure Concentration-Response Relationships (1993)

Perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) is a toxic, potentially lethal pneumoedematogenic gas. An investigation was undertaken to examine the kinetic course of the pulmonary injurious response to PFIB when inhaled by adult Fischer 344 rats for 10-min durations at mass concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 mg/m3. No lung gravimetric increases or histopathological changes were observed after exposure to 50 or 83 mg/m3 concentrations of PFIB. At ≥ 90 mg/m3, overt lung injury that was detectable by lung gravimetric and histopathological changes was observed within hours after the exposures, with the postexposure times or “latency periods” prior to onset of these responses being inversely related to exposure mass concentration. Latency periods occurring after exposure to 100, and 110 mg/m3 were ∼8 and 4 hr, respectively. No latency period was observed following the exposure of rats to 200 mg/m3. The ultimate severity of the pulmonary injurious response to PFIB increased with increasing exposure mass concentration. In a second component of the study, lungs of rats exposed to 100 or 200 mg PFIB/m3 were examined by transmission electron microscopy at various times after the exposures to obtain ultrastructural information about the postexposure course of alveolar injury at the cellular level, while also examining for cellular and architectural injury that may occur during a post-PFIB exposure “latency period”, as defined by lung gravimetric and conventional histopathological criteria. As of 1 hr after exposure to these concentrations of PFIB, alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells showed abnormal vacuolization and blebbing. These changes progressed over time, resulting in the denudement of the alveolar surface, endothelial cell swelling and the formation of fenestrations in the endothelial cell barrier, perivascular and interstitial edema, and the flooding of the alveoli with vascular constituents, including extravasated erythrocytes. Only the lung's alveolar macrophages and interstitial fibroblasts appeared to be relatively insensitive to the damaging effects of PFIB. While the severity and rate of development of these changes was greater with the higher 200 mg/m3 concentration of PFIB, such damage, while less extensive at comparable postexposure times, was also present during the latency period after exposure to 100 mg/m3. Thus, significant lung injury can occur shortly after exposure to PFIB that is not detectable by more conventional lung gravimetric and histopathological criteria.
Targeted help for spoken dialogue systems (2003)

We present experimental evidence that providing naive users of a spoken dialogue system with immediate help messages related to their out-of-coverage utterances improves their success in using the system. A grammar-based recognizer and a Statistical Language Model (SLM) recognizer are run simultaneously. If the grammar-based recognizer suceeds, the less accurate SLM recognizer hypothesis is not used. When the grammar-based recognizer fails and the SLM recognizer produces a recognition hypothesis, this result is used by the Targeted Help agent to give the user feedback on what was recognized, a diagnosis of what was problematic about the utterance, and a related in-coverage example. The in-coverage example is intended to encourage alignment between user inputs and the language model of the system. We report on controlled experiments on a spoken dialogue system for command and control of a simulated robotic helicopter.
Experimental and Numerical Modeling of Surface Erosion (2018)

In this paper, we present experimental and numerical techniques capable of modeling the transient fluid-particle interaction encountered in surface erosion at a particle and pore-scale. The experimental program was carried out utilizing digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) to measure pore-scale fluid velocity and direct imaging of particles was used to determine particle positions in a particle bed subjected to flow conditions. Direct measurement of the motion of the two phases under conditions of high particle fraction in the particle bed were attained by instantaneous discrimination between the fluid and particle phases, which were refractive-index matched to allow full-field measurements. A two-dimensional transient fully coupled fluid–particle numerical model was utilized to explore the fundamental mechanisms of flood-induced erosion. The fluid was modeled at a pore-scale level using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The particles were modeled using the discrete element method (DEM). Simulations were conducted on beds of different particle diameters and subjected to different fluid velocities to get a better understanding of the dynamics of sheet-flow and bed erosion.
A method of measuring micro-impulse with torsion pendulum based on multi-beam laser heterodyne (2012)

In this paper, we propose a novel method of multi-beam laser heterodyne measurement for micro-impulse. The measurement of the micro-impulse, which is converted into the measurement of the small tuning angle of the torsion pendulum, is realized by considering the interaction between pulse laser and working medium. Based on Doppler effect and heterodyne technology, the information regarding the small tuning angle is loaded to the frequency difference of the multi-beam laser heterodyne signal by the frequency modulation of the oscillating mirror, thereby obtaining many values of the small tuning angle after the multi-beam laser heterodyne signal demodulation simultaneously. Processing these values by weighted-average, the small tuning angle can be obtained accurately and the value of the micro-impulse can eventually be calculated. Using Polyvinylchlorid+2%C as a working medium, this novel method is used to simulate the value of the micro-impulse by MATLAB which is generated by considering the interaction between the pulse laser and the working medium, the obtained result shows that the relative error of this method is just 0.5%.
A New Efficient Route to Chiral 1,3‐Disubstituted Ferrocenes: Application to the Syntheses of (Rp)‐ and (Sp)‐17α‐[(3′‐formylferrocenyl)ethynyl]estradiol (2005)

Starting from (2S,4S)-2-ferrocenyl-4-(methoxymethyl)-1,3-dioxane (4), use of the stereogenic ortho-directing menthyl para-tolyl sulfoxide group, which occupies the 2' position in the ferrocenyl ring and redirects subsequent lithiation to the 3' position, allowed the synthesis of optically pure (S(p))-1-formyl-3-iodoferrocene (8), that was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Combination of this method with a protection-deprotection strategy, using trimethylsilyl as a temporary blocking group, yielded (R(p))-1-formyl-3-iodoferrocene (13). Separate Sonogashira coupling of each of the enantiomeric iodoformylferrocenes 8 and 13 with 17alpha-ethynyl-estradiol produced (R(p))-17alpha-[(3'-formylferrocenyl)ethynyl]estradiol (14) and (S(p))-17alpha-[(3'-formylferrocenyl)ethynyl]estradiol (15), respectively.
Efficacy of modified FOLFOX6 chemotherapy for patients with unresectable pseudomyxoma peritonei (2019)

mFOLFOX6 might be an effective and tolerable treatment option for patients with unresectable PMP. To our knowledge, this is the first case series of mFOLFOX6 in patients with unresectable PMP and the first case series of systemic chemotherapy for Asian patients with unresectable PMP.