gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracellular singlet oxygen photosensitizers: on the road to solving the problems of sensitizer degradation, bleaching and relocalization (2016)

Selected singlet oxygen photosensitizers have been examined from the perspective of obtaining a molecule that is sufficiently stable under conditions currently employed to study singlet oxygen behavior in single mammalian cells. Reasonable predictions about intracellular sensitizer stability can be made based on solution phase experiments that approximate the intracellular environment (e.g., solutions containing proteins). Nevertheless, attempts to construct a stable sensitizer based solely on the expected reactivity of a given functional group with singlet oxygen are generally not sufficient for experiments in cells; it is difficult to construct a suitable chromophore that is impervious to all of the secondary and/or competing degradative processes that are present in the intracellular environment. On the other hand, prospects are reasonably positive when one considers the use of a sensitizer encapsulated in a specific protein; the local environment of the chromophore is controlled, degradation as a consequence of bimolecular reactions can be mitigated, and genetic engineering can be used to localize the encapsulated sensitizer in a given cellular domain. Also, the option of directly exciting oxygen in sensitizer-free experiments provides a useful complementary tool. These latter systems bode well with respect to obtaining more accurate control of the "dose" of singlet oxygen used to perturb a cell; a parameter that currently limits mechanistic studies of singlet-oxygen-mediated cell signaling.
Multi-agent technology for designing adaptive business processes (2013)

Complexity of the Internet based global market is increasing relentlessly. To survive and prosper under new conditions business processes need to be adaptable, which means capable of positively reacting to frequent disruptions. A methodology and technology for designing adaptable business processes is outlined and examples are given of solutions supplied to commercial enterprises.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Structural Elements of the Capsular Polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 8 (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Relationships Between the Transformation Characteristics and the Fracture and Fatigue Properties of TRIP Steels and Other Metastable Austenitic Steels (1977)

Abstract : The present study was aimed at obtaining further information on the inter-relationship between the microstructural, composition, and the mechanical variables. Of particular interest were the stress-strain-martensite relations for various strain rates, the effect of stress state on these relationships and the kinetics of martensite formation under fatigue conditions. Unfortunately, TRIP steel was only available in wire form. Thus only the uniaxial tensile tests and the rotating beam fatigue tests were conducted on this material. The effects of strain rate on tensile strength and elongation for TRIP steel wires were determined by the manufacturer and are also reported here (Appendix). To obtain the effect of stress state on the strain-martensite-ductility relationships in metastable austenitic alloys, tests were conducted on type 301 stainless steel and on AM-355 CRT steel. While these steels do not achieve the strength level of TRIP steels, it is believed that the results can be used as a guide to estimate the stress state effects on TRIP steel.
Magnetism, structure, and charge correlation at a pressure-induced Mott-Hubbard insulator-metal transition (2011)

We use synchrotron x-ray diffraction and electrical transport under pressure to probe both the magnetism and the structure of single-crystal NiS${}_{2}$ across its Mott-Hubbard transition. In the insulator, the low-temperature antiferromagnetic order results from superexchange among correlated electrons and couples to a (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) superlattice distortion. Applying pressure suppresses the insulating state, but enhances the magnetism as the superexchange increases with decreasing lattice constant. By comparing our results under pressure to previous studies of doped crystals, we show that this dependence of the magnetism on the lattice constant is consistent for both band broadening and band filling. In the high-pressure metallic phase the lattice symmetry is reduced from cubic to monoclinic, pointing to the primary influence of charge correlations at the transition. There exists a wide regime of phase separation that may be a general characteristic of correlated quantum matter.
Inventories and mobilization of unsaturated zone sulfate, fluoride, and chloride related to land use change in semiarid regions, southwestern United States and Australia (2009)

Unsaturated zone salt reservoirs are potentially mobilized by increased groundwater recharge as semiarid lands are cultivated. This study explores the amounts of pore water sulfate and fluoride relative to chloride in unsaturated zone profiles, evaluates their sources, estimates mobilization due to past land use change, and assesses the impacts on groundwater quality. Inventories of water‐extractable chloride, sulfate, and fluoride were determined from borehole samples of soils and sediments collected beneath natural ecosystems ( N = 4), nonirrigated (“rain‐fed”) croplands ( N = 18), and irrigated croplands ( N = 6) in the southwestern United States and in the Murray Basin, Australia. Natural ecosystems contain generally large sulfate inventories (7800–120,000 kg/ha) and lower fluoride inventories (630–3900 kg/ha) relative to chloride inventories (6600–41,000 kg/ha). Order‐of‐magnitude higher chloride concentrations in precipitation and generally longer accumulation times result in much larger chloride inventories in the Murray Basin than in the southwestern United States. Atmospheric deposition during the current dry interglacial climatic regime accounts for most of the measured sulfate in both U.S. and Australian regions. Fluoride inventories are greater than can be accounted for by atmospheric deposition in most cases, suggesting that fluoride may accumulate across glacial/interglacial climatic cycles. Chemical modeling indicates that fluorite controls fluoride mobility and suggests that water‐extractable fluoride may include some fluoride from mineral dissolution. Increased groundwater drainage/recharge following land use change readily mobilized chloride. Sulfate displacement fronts matched or lagged chloride fronts by up to 4 m. In contrast, fluoride mobilization was minimal in all regions. Understanding linkages between salt inventories, increased recharge, and groundwater quality is important for quantifying impacts of anthropogenic activities on groundwater quality and is required for remediating salinity problems.
[Efficiency of endobronchial ultrasonography in the diagnosis of peripheral lung masses]. (2013)

Endobronchial ultrasonography is an effective and safe method for controlling endoscopic lung biopsy in peripheral lung masses.
Reconfigurable DSPs for efficient MPEG-4 video and audio decoding (2003)

As portable handheld communication devices proliferate, more features are added to meet consumer demand such as digital video and audio. The ISO MPEG-4 standard is emerging as the predominant video and audio format for these applications. Based on standard 16-bit telecom DSPs, these devices must perform 8-bit video, 16-bit telecommunications and 32-bit audio computations to support these applications. The low power requirements of portable devices mean that these computations must be handled with maximum efficiency. Dynamically reconfigurable DSPs achieve the high efficiency required via cycle-to-cycle reconfiguration while retaining flexibility and programmability. The dynamically reconfigurable Infineon Carmel 20xx DSP is used to illustrate the point, with cycle savings of up to 90% on several computationally intense MPEG-4 algorithms.
Two new polytypes of 2,4,6-tribromobenzonitrile (2016)

Three polymorphs of 2,4,6-tri-bromo-benzo-nitrile (RCN), C7H2Br3N, two of which are novel and one of which is a redetermination of the original structure first determined by Carter & Britton [(1972). Acta Cryst. B28, 945-950] are found to be polytypic. Each has a layer structure which differs only in the stacking of the layers. Each layer is composed of mol-ecules associated through C N⋯Br contacts which form R (2) 2(10) rings. Two such rings are associated with each N atom; one with each ortho-Br atom. No new polytypes of 1,3,5-tri-bromo-2-iso-cyano-benzene (RNC) were found but a re-determination of the original structure by Carter et al. [(1977). Cryst. Struct. Commun. 6, 543-548] is presented. RNC was found to be isostructural with one of the novel polytypes of RCN. Unit cells were determined for 23 RCN samples and 11 RNC samples. Polytypes could not be distinguished based on crystal habits. In all four structures, each mol-ecule of the asymmetric unit lies across a mirror plane.
A relationship between apoptosis and flow during programmed capillary regression is revealed by vital analysis (1996)

Previous analyses of developmentally programmed capillary regression suggested two distinct causes of vascular endothelial cell (VEC) death. The first appeared to be macrophage-dependent (Lang, R. A. and Bishop, M. J. (1993) Cell 74, 453-462) while the second was proposed to result from cessation of blood flow (Lang, R. A., Lustig, M., Francois, F., Sellinger, M. and Plesken, H. (1994). Development 120, 3395-3403). Combined, these analyses suggested a model in which initial, macrophage-mediated endothelial cell apoptosis blocked blood flow within a capillary segment and, as a consequence, caused apoptosis of all remaining cells in the affected segment. In the current study, we have tested this model using a new method that combines vital and histological analyses as a means of determining the fate of whole capillary segments and individual cells in vivo. This technique revealed that one of the first events in regression was the apoptosis of a single VEC in otherwise normal, flowing capillary segments (initiating apoptosis). These isolated, dying VECs projected into and restricted the capillary lumen, imposing either a temporary or permanent block to blood flow. Following cessation of flow, synchronous apoptosis of VECs occurred (secondary apoptosis). In addition, a quantitative analysis revealed a reciprocal relationship between plasma flow and VEC apoptosis. These observations are consistent with a model for capillary regression in which macrophages induce apoptosis in a limited number of VECs and, as a consequence of a block to blood flow, also cause apoptosis in those remaining.
The performance ofin situgrown Schottky-barrier single wall carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (2009)

Electrical transport measurements were used to study device behavior that results from the interplay of defects and inadvertent contact variance that develops in as-grown semiconducting single wall carbon nanotube devices with nominally identical Au contacts. The transport measurements reveal that as-grown nanotubes contain defects that limit the performance of field-effect transistors with ohmic contacts. In Schottky-barrier field-effect transistors the device performance is dominated by the Schottky barrier and the nanotube defects have little effect. We also observed strong rectifying behavior attributed to extreme contact asymmetry due to the different nanoscale roughness of the gold contacts formed during nanotube growth.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Dysphagia Based on a Population-Based Survey (2019)

In a large population-based survey, we found that dysphagia is common; 1 of 6 adults reported experiencing difficulty swallowing. However, half of individuals have not discussed their symptoms with a clinician and many could have treatable disorders.
Risk Factors and Crime (2012)

Abstract Over the past twenty years, developmental criminology has emerged as an increasingly important lens for viewing delinquency and subsequent criminal behavior. The focus of developmental criminology on age-related trajectories of criminal behavior has seen researchers train their sights on the explanatory and causal risk factors that affect a person's likelihood to commit a crime over the life course. Prospective longitudinal studies have provided most of the evidence that links certain risk factors with later delinquent or criminal offending and have actually identified numerous predictors of that behavior. This article examines the developmental criminology perspective and the risk research paradigm, along with the developmental risk factors for crime and delinquency across five key risk domains (individuals, family, peers, schools, and community). Drawing on a meta-analysis of prospective longitudinal panel research studies, the article presents results that summarize the predictive strength of different risk factors for crime and delinquency during adolescence and early adulthood. Some of the risk factors are very promising as targets for delinquency and crime prevention interventions.
High-power, variable repetition rate, picosecond optical parametric oscillator pumped by an amplified gain-switched diode (2010)

We demonstrate a picosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) that is synchronously pumped by a fiber-amplified gain-switched laser diode. At 24W of pump power, up to 7.3W at 1.54microm and 3.1W at 3.4microm is obtained in separate output beams. The periodically poled MgO-doped LiNbO(3) OPO operates with ~17ps pulses at a fundamental repetition rate of 114.8MHz but can be switched to higher repetition rates up to ~1GHz. Tunabilty between 1.4microm and 1.7microm (signal) and 2.9microm and 4.4microm (idler) is demonstrated by translating the nonlinear crystal to access different poling-period gratings and typical M(2) values of 1.1 by 1.2 (signal) and 1.6 by 3.2 (idler) are measured at high power for the singly resonant oscillator.
Snail Controls the Mesenchymal Phenotype and Drives Erlotinib Resistance in Oral Epithelial and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells (2012)

Snail controls the mesenchymal phenotype and drives erlotinib resistance in HNSCC cells. Snail may prove to be a useful marker in predicting epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor responsiveness.
Highly selective synthesis of citronellal in water at multigram scale by Pdnanoparticles-catalyzed hydrogenation of citral (2021)

The synthesis of citronellal, an added-value chemical for perfumery, was carried out by selective and green hydrogenation of citral into citronellal in water. Aqueous suspensions of spherical ammonium-capped palladium nanoparticles with sizes around 3nm selectively reduced the conjugated carbon-carbon double bond. An excellent selectivity of 95% in citronellal was achieved at complete conversion under mild reaction conditions on a realistic 2 g scale in water. The presence of potassium hydroxide proved crucial to control the selectivity and avoid other hydrogenation co-products. These optimized results were further extended to a 135 g substrate loading with a relevant turnover number (TON) of 10 000.
Risk Factors for Intestinal Gangrene in Children With Small‐bowel Volvulus (2011)

Specific clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters are helpful in the identification of bowel gangrene in children with SBV.
Photoinduced swelling control of amphiphilic azoaromatic polymer membrane (1984)

Abstract To control the swelling of polymer membrane by photoirradiation amphiphilic azoaromatic polymer membranes were prepared and a photoinduced change in the swelling degree of water was investigated. The azobenzene moiety in the side chain of the polymer was isomerized from trans form to cis form by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and reverse isomerization was found by visible light irradiation. The swelling degree of the polymer membrane for water in the dark was decreased by UV radiation, and when visible light irradiation was carried out in the polymer membrane the degree of swelling recovered to the original level. The swelling degree decreased with an increase in the mole fraction of the azobenzene moiety in the dark and under UV irradiation. The deswelling degree of the polymer membrane by UV irradiation also decreased with an increase in the mole fraction of the azobenzene moiety. This reversible change in the swelling degree was considered to be caused by the photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety in the polymer membrane.
Notch filters with variable center frequency and attenuation (2003)

The author describes notch filters whose center frequencies and maximum attenuation are variable. Three different types of such filters using varactor diodes and GaAs field-effect transistors (FETs) are proposed and tested at 2-4 GHz. The tunability over 2.2-4.0 GHz is obtained by changing the junction capacitances of the varactor diodes, and a maximum attenuation over 15-60 dB is obtained by changing the inner resistances of the FETs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Side-Information For Steganography Design And Detection (2018)

Today, the most secure steganographic schemes for digital images embed secret messages while minimizing a distortion function that describes the local complexity of the content. Distortion functions are heuristically designed to predict the modeling error, or in other words, how difficult it would be to detect a single change to the original image in any given area. This dissertation investigates how both the design and detection of such content-adaptive schemes can be improved with the use of side-information. We distinguish two types of side-information, public and private: Public side-information is available to the sender and at least in part also to anybody else who can observe the communication. Content complexity is a typical example of public side-information. While it is commonly used for steganography, it can also be used for detection. In this work, we propose a modification to the rich-model style feature sets in both spatial and JPEG domain to inform such feature sets of the content complexity. Private side-information is available only to the sender. The previous use of private side-information in steganography was very successful but limited to steganography in JPEG images. Also, the constructions were based on heuristic with little theoretical foundations. This work tries to remedy this deficiency by introducing a scheme that generalizes the previous approach to an arbitrary domain. We also put forward a theoretical investigation of how to incorporate side-information based on a model of images. Third, we propose to use a novel type of side-information in the form of multiple exposures for JPEG steganography.
Multiple-frequency Tracking Control of Piezoelectrically-driven Micro/Nano-positioning Systems (2007)

In this article, a novel modeling and control methodology is proposed for feedforward compensation of hysteresis nonlinearity and dynamical vibrations of piezoelectric actuator in various range of frequency operation. By integrating a modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii hysteresis operator with a second order linear dynamics, a nonlinear dynamic model is developed and experimentally validated for a piezoelectrically- driven nano-positioning system. Based on the inverse hysteresis model and the actuator dynamics, a feedforward controller is then proposed and its stability is discussed. Eventually, the performance of the controller is verified for the nano-positioning system. Experimental results demonstrate that the controller is capable of precisely tracking multiple- frequency reference trajectories in various rates.
A Strategy to Identify Dominant Point Mutant Modifiers of a Quantitative Trait (2014)

A central goal in the analysis of complex traits is to identify genes that modify a phenotype. Modifiers of a cancer phenotype may act either intrinsically or extrinsically on the salient cell lineage. Germline point mutagenesis by ethylnitrosourea can provide alleles for a gene of interest that include loss-, gain-, or alteration-of-function. Unlike strain polymorphisms, point mutations with heterozygous quantitative phenotypes are detectable in both essential and nonessential genes and are unlinked from other variants that might confound their identification and analysis. This report analyzes strategies seeking quantitative mutational modifiers of Apc(Min) in the mouse. To identify a quantitative modifier of a phenotype of interest, a cluster of test progeny is needed. The cluster size can be increased as necessary for statistical significance if the founder is a male whose sperm is cryopreserved. A second critical element in this identification is a mapping panel free of polymorphic modifiers of the phenotype, to enable low-resolution mapping followed by targeted resequencing to identify the causative mutation. Here, we describe the development of a panel of six "isogenic mapping partner lines" for C57BL/6J, carrying single-nucleotide markers introduced by mutagenesis. One such derivative, B6.SNVg, shown to be phenotypically neutral in combination with Apc(Min), is an appropriate mapping partner to locate induced mutant modifiers of the Apc(Min) phenotype. The evolved strategy can complement four current major initiatives in the genetic analysis of complex systems: the Genome-wide Association Study; the Collaborative Cross; the Knockout Mouse Project; and The Cancer Genome Atlas.
Content-Based Citation Recommendation (2018)

Chandra Bhagavatula, Sergey Feldman, Russell Power, Waleed Ammar. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers). 2018.
Olfactory Bulb Uptake and Determination of Biotransfer Factors in the California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) Exposed to Manganese and Cadmium in Environmental Habitats (2000)

Manganese (Mn) and cadmium (Cd) profiles in olfactory bulbs of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) trapped at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Site 300 facility in California were determined with proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE). As a reference, Mn profiles in olfactory bulbs from laboratory rats exposed via nose-only inhalation to 0.53 mg/m3 Mn in the form of MnCl2 were also determined with PIXE. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to measure soil Mn and Cd contents from the trapping sites and Mn and Cd contents in ground squirrel liver and leg muscle tissues. The data from laboratory rats revealed that Mn uptake into the olfactory bulb occurs via inhalation exposure. Data from ground squirrels and knowledge of the collection sites indicate that although several routes of exposure may occur, fossorial rodent olfactory uptake affords a significant exposure route to Mn and Cd in soils. Measured biotransfer factors (ratio of leg muscle tissue metal content to soil metal content) for Cd in ground squirrels were 10(3)-fold greater than exposure modeling estimates based on oral Cd uptake data from livestock. The measurements for ground squirrel tissues show that when conducting ecological risk assessments for natural habitats considerable care should be taken in selecting transfer factors. Specifically, transfer factors derived from data pertaining to comparable exposure pathways and ecological setting should be used wherever possible.
Pulsed-High Intensity Focused Ultrasound and Low Temperature–Sensitive Liposomes for Enhanced Targeted Drug Delivery and Antitumor Effect (2007)

Combining low-temperature heat-sensitive liposomes with noninvasive and nondestructive pulsed-HIFU exposures enhanced the delivery of doxorubicin and, consequently, its antitumor effects. This combination therapy could potentially produce viable clinical strategies for improved targeting and delivery of drugs for treatment of cancer and other diseases.