gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phthalocrowns: Isoindoline–Crown Ether Macrocycles (2012)

The reaction of diiminoisoindoline with amine-terminated polyethers results in the formation of phthalocrown macrocycles. For n = 1 (where n is the number of ether units), a 2 + 2 condensation takes place, but for n = 2 and 3, a 1 + 1 macrocycle formation occurs. The n = 2 phthalocrown is particularly stable due to a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond, but the n = 3 ring hydrolyzes to form a 3-imino-1-oxoisoindoline derivatized crown ether species. For the n = 1 phthalocrown, we observed dynamic behavior in the (1)H NMR spectrum, and using VTNMR were able to measure a ΔG(‡) = 44.6 kJ/mol for proton exchange.
Polymeric phthalates: Potential nonmigratory macromolecular plasticizers (2012)

Abstract The synthesis of 4‐vinyl‐1,2‐phthalate esters via Suzuki coupling is described, followed by nitroxide‐mediated polymerization to prepare short homopolymers (degree of polymerization [DP] = 10–40, polydispersity index [PDI] = 1.1–1.3). Random copolymers with n ‐butyl acrylate (NBA) were prepared. Copolymers rich in phthalate ester residues of medium lengths (DP = 16–48, PDI = 1.2–1.8) and of shorter lengths (DP = 8–17, PDI = 1.2–1.3) were prepared. Copolymers rich in NBA residues were also prepared (DP = 13–19, PDI = 1.2–1.3). All polymers were oily liquids, with glass transitions temperatures undetected between 75 and −40 °C, indicating these polymeric phthalates hold promise as potential nonmigratory phthalate plasticizers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Subwavelength Hollow-Nanopillared Glass with Gradient Refractive Index for Ultralow Diffuse Reflectance and Antifogging (2020)

Nanostructured glass with subwavelength hollow nanopillars of diameters of sub-65 nm was fabricated, showing high optical transmittance and ultralow diffuse reflectance. A simple process involving single-step plasma etching was used on a glass slide coated with a SiO<sub>2</sub> sacrificial film. First, SiO<sub>2</sub> nanodot structures were formed using plasma-induced anisotropic etching with CF<sub>4</sub> plasma. The SiO<sub>2</sub> nanodot array then became a secondary etching mask to form hollow nanopillars on the glass. The hollow structures formed at the upper part reaching up to the apex of the nanopillar had a lower solid fraction, while the lower part had a higher fraction. The refractive index (RI) gradually increased from 1.09 (near the value for air) to 1.42 (near the value for glass). Geometry-induced RI gradient enhanced light transmi, while it significantly reduced diffuse reflectance, particularly in the shorter wavelengths, thus suppressing the haziness or milky appearance of the nanostructured glass. Superhydrophilic and antifogging properties of nanostructured glasses and dental mirrored glasses were also demonstrated with water spraying and exhaled breath tests. Results showed that the wettability was enhanced in hydrophilicity and antifogging property by both the hydrophilic nature of the glass and the newly formed nanostructures. The nanostructured, superhydrophilic glass was also found to have easy cleaning nature against fine sand dust adhesion by simply blowing air or spraying water. Results of this study showed that such a hollow-pillared glass surface with gradient RI and special wettability could be applied in a variety of optical and optoelectronic applications requiring superwetting, such as optical windows for solar cell panels, display panels, light-emitting diodes, and medical devices even with curved surfaces.
Single-Frequency Imaging and Material Characterization Using Reconfigurable Reflectarrays (2021)

Conventional security screening systems cannot operate in real time and often suffer from false alarms due to the profile-only imaging without further analysis on the object material properties. Reflectarrays were recently proposed as devices capable of performing real-time security screening using a single-frequency radar signal. This article presents first a physical optics (PO)-based simulation method to facilitate the design of a multireflectarray system. Then, an object material characterization method using geometrical optics (GO) is derived for such a system. The characterization process not only retrieves the complex relative permittivity of the object but also improves its profile reconstruction in terms of a more accurate thickness. Both simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods. Primary results show great potentials for security screening, especially in scenarios where the inspection of human bodies for threat materials, such as narcotics and explosives, is required.
Psychophysical Validation of the Hotelling Trace Criterion as a Metric for System Performance (1987)

The Hotelling trace criterion (HTC) is a measure of class separability used in pattern recognition to find a set of linear features that optimally separate two classes of objects. We use the HTC here not as a figure of merit for features, but as a figure of merit for characterizing imaging systems. In an earlier study, a set of images, created by overlapping ellipses, was used to simulate images of livers, with and without tumors, with noise and blur added to each image. Using the ROC parameter da as our measure, we found that the ability of the HTC to separate these images into their correct classes, by detecting the presence or absence of a tumor, has a correlation of 0.988 with the ability of humans to separate the same two classes of objects. In our most recent observer study, we used a mathematical model of normal and diseased livers, and of the imaging system to generate a realistic set of liver images. These images simulate those a physician would use in making a diagnosis, yet we have control over the disease state of the liver, and hence the object class it belongs to, as well as the amount of degradation added to the image from the imaging system. When an observer study was performed with these images we found the performance of the HTC to have a correlation of 0.829 with the performance of the human observers, with da as our measure of performance.© (1987) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Enhanced Lightweight Design – First Results of the FP7 Project ENLIGHT (2016)

The European Green Vehicle project ENLIGHT aims to advance highly innovative lightweight material technologies for application in structural vehicle parts of future volume produced Electric Vehicles (EVs) along four axes: performance, manufacturability, cost effectiveness and lifecycle footprint. The main target is to develop viable and sustainable solutions for medium production volume up to 50.000 EVs destined to reach the market in the next 8-12 years. The specific objectives of the ENLIGHT project are on holistic and integrated conceptual design and manufacturing concerning how the technologies and materials addressed can be combined into a representative medium-volume EV. The solutions will be demonstrated in five modules: a front module and central floor module, a front door, a sub-frame and suspension system as well as a cross-car beam. In this paper, a summary of the major results obtained up to the 3rd project year will be presented.
Molecular profile and mapping of dermatan sulfates from different origins. (1991)

A method for characterization and molecular profiling of acidic polysaccharides (such as dermatan sulfates) has been developed. A variety of dermatan sulfates, fractionated dermatan sulfates and low molecular weight dermatan sulfates, were examined. First, bacterial lyase-type enzymes (chondroitinase ABC) were used to depolymerize the polysaccharides. Then, mapping of these oligosaccharides (comparable to peptide mapping of proteins) was performed using gradient PAGE and SAX-HPLC. Bands and peaks observed in these maps were identified using oligosaccharide standards of defined chemical structures and physical properties. The resulting map can be used to point to structural differences among these dermatan sulfates regarding their size, charge, degree of sulfation, and contamination. Fine details of fragmentation patterns and absence or presence of contaminants were detected by silver staining of gels. These differences, particularly the content of----4)alpha-IdoA(1----3)- beta-D-GalNAc4S6S(1----sequences (detected using SAX-HPLC as delta UA(1----3)-beta-D-GalNAc4S6S) may play an important role influencing the activity of dermatan sulfates to potentiate HC II inhibition of Factor IIa.
Extrinsic Carrier Photogeneration in Organic Pigments Based on Electric-Field Induced Fluorescence Quenching Measurements (1994)

Abstract Extrinsic carrier photogeneration in perylene pigment was studied by means of the electric field-induced fluorescence quenching. Perylene pigment mixed with small amount of phthalocyanine exhibited the effective enhancement of carrier generation efficiency together with decreasing field-induced fluorescence quenching, contrary to the expectation that both should be enlarged owing to the competitive relation between carrier generation and carrier recombination entailing fluorescence. The model assuming the existence of another efficient channel to photogenerate geminate ion pairs through perylene/phthalocyanine molecular contacts, solved this intriguing result reasonably.
Ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors and diabetes status for Pacific ethnic groups and Europeans in the Diabetes Heart and Health Survey (DHAH) 2002-2003, Auckland New Zealand. (2008)

CVD risk factors, diabetes prevalence, and levels of undetected diabetes differed between the Pacific ethnic groups with Niueans having the healthiest profile. More rigorous screening of diabetes in Cook Islanders is needed if they are to experience similar detection rates as other Pacific Island communities in New Zealand. Greater attention is required to identify and manage CVD risk among all Pacific peoples to reduce the gap in CVD risk factors, morbidity and mortality when compared to European New Zealanders.
UWB supporting medical ICT applications (2008)

In this paper, the utilization of ultra wideband (UWB) technology is reviewed for medical wireless ICT applications. As a low power technique, UWB is capable to operate in underlay fashion with other existing radio and medical systems. At hospital site, this is one of the major requirements set to the electrical devices. UWB makes it possible to utilize both high and low data rate applications and accurate positioning.
Comparison of Finite Element Method and Boundary Element Method in Neuromagnetic Field Calculation (1996)

Article Comparison of Finite Element Method and Boundary Element Method in Neuromagnetic Field Calculation was published on January 1, 1996 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 41, issue s1).
Sequence‐Dependent Binding of Dipeptides by an Artificial Receptor in Water (2006)

An artificial dipeptide receptor (1) was designed and observed to bind the deprotonated dipeptide Ac-D-Ala-D-Ala-OH in buffered water with K = 33,100 M(-1), whereas other dipeptides such as Ac-Gly-Gly-OH or Ac-D-Val-D-Val-OH were bound less efficiently, by factors of more than 10 (K < 3000 M(-1)). The efficient binding and the pronounced sequence selectivity are the result of a combination of strong electrostatic contacts and size-discriminating hydrophobic interactions. To provide such a combination, a guanidiniocarbonylpyrrole cation was attached to a novel cyclotribenzylene-substituted alanine derivative 5, to provide a hydrophobic bowl-shaped cavity just large enough to bind a methyl group but not any larger alkyl chains, thus causing the receptor to prefer alanine to valine. We describe the synthesis of 1 and the evaluation of its complexation properties in UV and fluorescence titration studies.
The Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway (1997)

An understanding of the molecular regulation of protein metabolism in patients with sepsis and other catabolic conditions is important because it may form the basis for improved treatment in the future.
Vapor Pressure Measurements by the Gas Saturation Method: The Influence of the Carrier Gas (2015)

The influence of the carrier gas on vapor pressure (psat) measurements by the gas saturation method was studied. Eicosane (C20H42) was used as the test compound. Helium (He), nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) were chosen as the carrier gases. The apparent psat of eicosane was determined repeatedly in each of the four carrier gases at 323.15 K, and was found to increase with carrier gas in the order He < N2 < CO2 < SF6. On average, the apparent psat was 26% higher when measured with SF6 than when measured with helium, which shows that the assumption of ideal-gas behavior for gas saturation measurements can lead to large errors.
Microflora in the healthy gingival sulcus in man (1977)

The roll tube culture technique was utilized to examine quantitatively and qualitatively the predominant cultivable microflora inhabiting the clinically healthy gingival sulcus. Seven periodontists aged 32-54 years were included in the study. From a total of 350 isolates, 85 (24.3%) were obligate anaerobes, 53 (15.0%) were Gram negative, and 197 (56.3%) were categorized as rods. Actinomycetes predominated in three samples. Four samples were dominated by Streptococcus species. The flora as revealed in the present study comprised a markedly lower proportion of Gram-negative organisms than that found at the base of deep periodontal pockets.
Feature selection and classifier performance on diverse bio- logical datasets (2014)

As expected, the data type and number of biomarkers have a significant effect on the performance of the predictive models. Although no model or data type uniformly outperforms the others across the entire range of tested numbers of markers, several clear trends are visible. At low numbers of biomarkers gene and protein expression data types are able to differentiate between cancer cell lines significantly better than the other three data types, namely SNP, array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH), and microRNA data.
Monopolar and Bipolar Treatment (1989)

Monopolar and bipolar electrosurgical treatments are markedly different in principle, but the terms are often confused. The following article explains the differences between these two popular modalities.
Fraunhofer diffraction of visible light by a narrow slit (1994)

A single slit of width 4.90 μm was formed by chemically etching a 0.17 μm thick chromium film deposited on glass. The diffraction pattern obtained when the slit was illuminated with light from a 10 mW He–Ne laser, polarized first parallel and then perpendicular to the slit, was experimentally determined for angles of incidence between 0° and 45°. The measured diffraction patterns were first compared with predictions made using the scalar Helmholtz equation with either the Kirchhoff or the Rayleigh–Sommerfeld obliquity factors. The experimental patterns were also compared with the results of an exact numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations for the diffraction problem using the method of Neerhoff and Mur. All theoretical predictions agreed well with measurement for incident angles smaller than 10°, and, although no prediction agreed exactly with measurement at the largest angles of incidence, predictions obtained using the scalar Helmholtz equation with the Kirchhoff obliquity factor agreed with experiment best overall.
Fatty liver development and changes of metabolic parameters (2011)

Objective
To investigate the relationship between fatty liver progress and metabolic changes.


Methods
A total of 414 patients who had B-mode ultrasonography confirmed fatty liver development during 2 health check-ups within 2 years were enrolled in this study.Paired t and χ2 tests were used to compare body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum uric acid (UA), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among the participants.


Results
BMI, TG, HDL-C, ALT, AST, and UA were significantly increased after fatty liver progressed, although HDL-C was largely decreased.


Conclusions
Prevention and treatment of MS as well as early intervention for fatty liver should be important for successful control of fatty liver.


Key words: 
Physical examinations; Fatty liver; Metabolic syndrome X
The Proliferative Capacity of Individual Naive CD4+T Cells Is Amplified by Prolonged T Cell Antigen Receptor Triggering (2002)

Strong antigenic encounter by T cells rapidly induces immunological synapse formation and surface T cell receptor (TCR) downregulation. Although surface TCR expression can remain low for several days, T cells can still sustain antigenic signaling. It has been unclear whether prolonged antigenic signaling occurs in the absence of surface TCR replenishment, being maintained by a few "nondownregulatable" surface TCRs that might reside in a synaptosomal structure. Alternatively, the low surface TCR level induced by antigen might represent a dynamic state of expression involving continual surface TCR replenishment, reengagement by antigen, and ongoing downregulation. To resolve this issue, we studied in vivo-generated, dual-specificity primary naive CD4(+) T cells. On these cells, antigenic stimulus exclusively downregulated antigen-specific, but not antigen-nonspecific, TCRs. In addition to providing a means to track TCR engagement, this also allowed us to use the antigen nonspecific TCR to track TCR expression in isolation from TCR engagement by antigen. Surface TCR replenishment began within the first day of stimulation, and occurred synchronously with continuous antigen-specific TCR engagement and downregulation. Furthermore, by enhancing CD25 expression, extended signaling through surface-replenishing TCRs significantly amplified the number of daughter cells generated by naive CD4(+) T cells that had already committed to proliferate. This effect required TCR engagement and could not be substituted for by interleukin 2. These data demonstrate that TCR triggering and consumption can occur over an extended period of time, with a significant impact on the effector responses evoked from naive CD4(+) T cells.
Reliability Evaluation of High Power AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC Substrate (2001)

Undoped AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on SiC substrates have recently demonstrated record output power density of 10.7 W/mm (cw) and total output power of 10 W at 10 GHz (L. F. Eastman, Joint ONR/MURI Review (5/15–16, 2001), CA (USA) [1]). In this paper, we present the results of reliability tests performed on undoped AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC under dc and rf stress conditions. Undoped AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC substrates have been submitted to on-wafer dc and rf stress conditions at a room temperature and the degradation in device performance induced by hot electron and thermal effects have been observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Alkylarylation of Activated Alkenes Using Isocyanides as the Alkyl Source: An Efficient Radical Access to 3,3‐Dialkylated Oxindoles. (2016)

ChemInformVolume 47, Issue 37 Heterocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: Copper-Catalyzed Alkylarylation of Activated Alkenes Using Isocyanides as the Alkyl Source: An Efficient Radical Access to 3,3-Dialkylated Oxindoles. Yaping Zhao, Yaping Zhao Lab. Org. Microwave-Assisted Chem., Dep. Chem., Univ. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belg.Search for more papers by this authorZhenghua Li, Zhenghua Li Lab. Org. Microwave-Assisted Chem., Dep. Chem., Univ. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belg.Search for more papers by this authorUpendra K. Sharma, Upendra K. Sharma Lab. Org. Microwave-Assisted Chem., Dep. Chem., Univ. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belg.Search for more papers by this authorNandini Sharma, Nandini Sharma Lab. Org. Microwave-Assisted Chem., Dep. Chem., Univ. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belg.Search for more papers by this authorGonghua Song, Gonghua Song Lab. Org. Microwave-Assisted Chem., Dep. Chem., Univ. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belg.Search for more papers by this authorErik V. Van der Eycken, Erik V. Van der Eycken Lab. Org. Microwave-Assisted Chem., Dep. Chem., Univ. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belg.Search for more papers by this author Yaping Zhao, Yaping Zhao Lab. Org. Microwave-Assisted Chem., Dep. Chem., Univ. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belg.Search for more papers by this authorZhenghua Li, Zhenghua Li Lab. Org. Microwave-Assisted Chem., Dep. Chem., Univ. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belg.Search for more papers by this authorUpendra K. Sharma, Upendra K. Sharma Lab. Org. Microwave-Assisted Chem., Dep. Chem., Univ. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belg.Search for more papers by this authorNandini Sharma, Nandini Sharma Lab. Org. Microwave-Assisted Chem., Dep. Chem., Univ. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belg.Search for more papers by this authorGonghua Song, Gonghua Song Lab. Org. Microwave-Assisted Chem., Dep. Chem., Univ. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belg.Search for more papers by this authorErik V. Van der Eycken, Erik V. Van der Eycken Lab. Org. Microwave-Assisted Chem., Dep. Chem., Univ. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belg.Search for more papers by this author First published: 25 August 2016 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201637095Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue37August, 2016 RelatedInformation
Relationship between labile plasma iron, liver iron concentration and cardiac response in a deferasirox monotherapy trial (2011)

The US04 trial was a multicenter, open-label, single arm trial of deferasirox monotherapy (30-40 mg/kg/day) for 18 months. Cardiac iron response was bimodal with improvements observed in patients with mild to moderate initial somatic iron stores; relationship of cardiac response to labile plasma iron is now presented. Labile plasma iron was measured at baseline, six months, and 12 months. In patients having a favorable cardiac response at 18 months, initial labile plasma iron was elevated in only 31% of patients at baseline and no patient at six or 12 months. Cardiac non-responders had elevated labile plasma iron in 50% of patients at baseline, 50% patients at six months, and 38% of patients at 12 months. Risk of abnormal labile plasma iron and cardiac response increased with initial liver iron concentration. Persistently increased labile plasma iron predicts cardiac non-response to deferasirox but labile plasma iron suppression does not guarantee favorable cardiac outcome. Study registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00447694).
Atmospheric boundary layer CO_2 remote sensing with a direct detection LIDAR instrument based on a widely tunable optical parametric source (2017)

We report on the capability of a direct detection differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for range resolved and integrated path (IPDIAL) remote sensing of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The laser source is an amplified nested cavity optical parametric oscillator (NesCOPO) emitting approximately 8 mJ at the two measurement wavelengths selected near 2050 nm. Direct detection atmospheric measurements are taken from the ground using a 30 Hz frequency switching between emitted wavelengths. Results show that comparable precision measurements are achieved in DIAL and IPDIAL modes (not better than a few ppm) on high SNR targets such as near range ABL aerosol and clouds, respectively. Instrumental limitations are analyzed and degradation due to cloud scattering variability is discussed to explain observed DIAL and IPDIAL limitations.