gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inverse design of multiholed internally cooled turbine blades (1986)

Abstract A methodology is described for the inverse design and/or analysis of coolant flow passage shapes in multiholed internally cooled turbine blades. The user of this technique may specify the temperature (or heat flux) distribution along the aerofoil outer surface. In addition, the temperature on the surface of each of interior coolant flow passages (holes) may be specified. The numerical solution of the outer hot gas flow field determines the remaining unspecified aerofoil outer surface quantity—surface heat flux if temperature was originally specified or vice versa. The position and shape of each turbine blade coolant hole is then found iteratively by solving the heat conduction problem within the solid portions of the blade. This solution procedure involves satisfying the dual Dirichlet and Neumann specified boundary conditions of temperature and heat flux on the outer boundary of the aerofoil. The inner hole geometry is then modified using an optimization procedure in such a way as to minimize the error in satisfying the specified Dirichlet temperature boundary condition on the surface of each of the evolving interior holes. Results are shown for single‐hole and double‐hole configurations that have analytic solutions and for a realistic turbine blade design problem.
A novel method to attain sinusoidal mechanical responses from single motor units (2014)

The HD and r-values obtained indicate highly reliable sinusoidal responses, which supports the potential use of this method to further characterize the dynamic behavior of single MUs.
Foot and ankle athletic injuries (2011)

This issue of Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery will feature topics on: Etiology, Pathophysiology and most common injuries of the lower extremity in the athlete; Forefoot Stress Fractures and Plantar plate injuries in the athlete; Midfoot sprains and fractures in the athlete; Intraarticular acute ankle fractures and talar dome osteochondral injuries; The triple injury of ankle synovitis, ankle instability and peroneal tendon tear in the athlete; New technology in the treatment of athletic injuries; and Current thinking in the treatment of plantar and posterior heel pain syndrome.
Convex Polyhedral Au@Pd Core–Shell Nanocrystals with High‐Index Facets (2011)

The many faces of noble metals: Through the simultaneous reduction of Au and Pd ions in the presence of octahedral Au nanocrystal (NC) seeds, hexoctahedron-like convex Au@Pd core–shell NCs, enclosed predominantly by high-index {12 5 3} facets, were synthesized under aqueous room-temperature conditions (see picture). The convex Au@Pd NCs showed much higher electrocatalytic properties toward ethanol oxidation than other types of Au@Pd NCs. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A method for classifying emotion of text based on emotional dictionaries for emotional reading (2006)

Representing emotional expressions in text-to-speech synthesis is an interesting subject. The ultimate purpose of our research is to develop an automatic reading system which reads text aloud such as novels with emotion. Our strategy for constructing the system is that we classify the emotion of a text in perspective based on the distribution of emotional words, and classify the emotion of a sentence based on the emotion of nouns, adjectives or verbs composed in the sentence instead of understanding the meaning of the text, and synthesize speech using partially optimum prosodic parameters.
Catalytic Asymmetric α-Functionalization of α-Branched Aldehydes (2023)

Aldehydes constitute a main class of organic compounds widely applied in synthesis. As such, catalyst-controlled enantioselective α-functionalization of aldehydes has attracted great interest over the years. In this context, α-branched aldehydes are especially challenging substrates because of reactivity and selectivity issues. Firstly, the transient trisubstituted enamines and enolates resulting upon treatment with an aminocatalyst or a base, respectively, would exhibit attenuated reactivity; secondly, mixtures of <i>E</i>- and <i>Z</i>-configured enamines/enolates may be formed; and third, effective face-discrimination on such trisubstituted sp<sup>2</sup> carbon intermediates by the incoming electrophilic reagent is not trivial. Despite these issues, in the last 15 years, several catalytic approaches for the α-functionalization of prostereogenic α-branched aldehydes that proceed in useful yields and diastereo- and enantioselectivity have been uncovered. Developments include both organocatalytic and metal-catalyzed approaches as well as dual catalysis strategies for forging new carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (C-O, N, S, F, Cl, Br, …) bond formation at Cα of the starting aldehyde. In this review, some key early contributions to the field are presented, but focus is on the most recent methods, mainly covering the literature from year 2014 onward.
Influence of Bacterial Physiology on Processing of Selenite, Biogenesis of Nanomaterials and Their Thermodynamic Stability (2019)

We explored how <i>Ochrobactrum</i> sp. MPV1 can convert up to 2.5 mM selenite within 120 h, surviving the challenge posed by high oxyanion concentrations. The data show that thiol-based biotic chemical reaction(s) occur upon bacterial exposure to low selenite concentrations, whereas enzymatic systems account for oxyanion removal when 2 mM oxyanion is exceeded. The selenite bioprocessing produces selenium nanomaterials, whose size and morphology depend on the bacterial physiology. Selenium nanoparticles were always produced by MPV1 cells, featuring an average diameter ranging between 90 and 140 nm, which we conclude constitutes the thermodynamic stability range for these nanostructures. Alternatively, selenium nanorods were observed for bacterial cells exposed to high selenite concentration or under controlled metabolism. Biogenic nanomaterials were enclosed by an organic material in part composed of amphiphilic biomolecules, which could form nanosized structures independently. Bacterial physiology influences the surface charge characterizing the organic material, suggesting its diverse biomolecular composition and its involvement in the tuning of the nanomaterial morphology. Finally, the organic material is in thermodynamic equilibrium with nanomaterials and responsible for their electrosteric stabilization, as changes in the temperature slightly influence the stability of biogenic compared to chemogenic nanomaterials.
Ontologizing concept maps using graph theory (2011)

Given the new challenges of open and unsupervised information extraction, there is a need to identify important and relevant knowledge structures (concepts and relationships) in the vast amount of extracted data and to filter the noise that results from unsupervised information extraction. This is generally referred to as the ontologization task. This paper uses measures from graph theory to identify these key elements such as Page Rank, Betweenness, and Degree. We also propose a combination of metrics for ranking concepts and relationships. Our approach shows effective results in terms of precision compared to other standard measures for weighting concepts and relationships such as TF*IDF or frequency of co-occurrences.
Towards quantum degenerate atomic Fermi mixtures : design of the experiment and magnetic transport of lithium 6 - potassium 40 (2011)

Au cours de cette thèse, j'ai participé au montage complet d'une expérience visant à refroidir et manipuler deux espèces atomiques alcalines fermioniques, 6Li et 40K. Le dispositif expérimental a pour objectifs l'étude des mélanges de fermions ultra-froids de masses différentes et la réalisation d'un simulateur analogique quantique versatile. Lors de sa conception, nous avons assemblé une enceinte à ultra-vide, réalisé un système laser stabilisé complet pour chaque espèce et mis en place deux sources atomiques performantes, un ralentisseur Zeeman de 6Li et un piège magnéto-optique bidimensionnel de 40K; la plupart des grandeurs optiques et électriques ainsi que les diagnostiques d'imagerie étant contrôlés par voie informatique. Ces premières étapes ont permis l'obtention d'un piège magnéto-optique à deux espèces performant, contenant typiquement 5x10^9 atomes de 6Li et 8x10^9 atomes de 40K. Dans cette configuration, nous avons produit les premières molécules hétéronucléaires de 6Li40K* par photo-association, pour lesquelles nous avons observé et identifié 70 raies rovibrationnelles. Dans une seconde partie, je décris en détail le transport magnétique du mélange atomique entre la cellule du piège magnéto-optique et une cellule d'expérience, où règne un vide poussé et bénéficiant d'un grand accès optique. Ce dispositif complet, de sa conception à son optimisation expérimentale, en passant par son assemblage mécanique et la mise en place de diagnostiques numériques, fait partie intégrante de mon travail. Son efficacité a pu être testée et optimisée, permettant ainsi un transfert performant du mélange vers la cellule finale
Control of Dynamic Capacitor (2010)

Industrial plants are faced with stringent requirements by the utility to maintain a near unity power factor. These plants have traditionally utilized switched capacitor banks as a cost-effective means for power factor correction (PFC). However, if there is a significant level of harmonics present in the current that is disturbing the neighboring loads, then a separate unit for harmonic filtering is required as well. By the time a realistic system is configured, significant cost and complexity are encountered. The concept of a dynamic capacitor (D-CAP) was previously introduced as a means by which to achieve dynamic VAR injection as well as active harmonic filtering in one single integrated unit. The topology consists of taking an existing asset like a PFC capacitor, adding a pair of ac switches and small <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> components per phase, and thereby realizing an asset with augmented functionalities. Although the power stage is simple, the underlying control is very challenging. This paper discusses the intricacies of controlling such an architecture and provides keen insights into how one would go about designing a controller.
Respiration of rat lung mitochondria and the influence of Ca2+ on substrate utilization (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRespiration of rat lung mitochondria and the influence of Ca2+ on substrate utilizationAron B. Fisher, Antonio Scarpa, Kathryn F. LaNoue, David Bassett, and John R. WilliamsonCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 7, 1438–1445Publication Date (Print):March 27, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00731a026https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00731a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Future of Learning, Jobs, and Research [Highlights] (2023)

The new challenges posed by the pandemic and digital transformation would require a reimagination of how we structure our current economy and address our future manpower needs. Globalization has transformed our lives and society. Additionally, the fourth industrial revolution will change the world dramatically. The impact will be far greater than its three predecessors. Specifically, many existing jobs, traditional universities, technologies, and industries, will be affected, and some may even disappear. Together with the pandemic, they will accelerate the pace of digital transformation and create new opportunities. In this new era, the relationship between university and industry could take new forms. Their collaboration plays an increasingly important role in creating new frontiers, ideas, knowledge, and growth areas. Therefore, higher education is no longer about knowledge creation and transfer. It must integrate global perspectives into its teaching and research mission to remain relevant and competitive.
Hybrid scheduling technique for multiuser systems (2012)

Proportional fair (PF) scheduling provides efficient allocation of resource while it results in relatively high head-of-line delay for some users in heavily loaded network. In contrast, first-in-first-out (FIFO) scheduling guarantees minimum delay for all users whereas the resource is inefficiently allocated. In this paper, a new hybrid scheduling algorithm with reduced feedback, named Hybrid PF/FIFO (HPF), which can decrease the scheduling delay and maintain efficient resource allocation is proposed. HPF behaves like PF scheduling when one or more users send(s) feedback. If none of the users send CSI feedback the resources will be allocated to the user having the largest delay similar to FIFO. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher sumrate while reducing scheduling delays. The implementation of HPF does not involve any hardware upgrading.
Receive Combining vs. Multi-Stream Multiplexing in Downlink Systems With Multi-Antenna Users (2013)

<?Pub Dtl=""?> In downlink multi-antenna systems with many users, the multiplexing gain is strictly limited by the number of transmit antennas <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$N$</tex></formula> and the use of these antennas. Assuming that the total number of receive antennas at the multi-antenna users is much larger than <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$N$</tex></formula> , the maximal multiplexing gain can be achieved with many different transmission/reception strategies. For example, the excess number of receive antennas can be utilized to schedule users with effective channels that are near-orthogonal, for multi-stream multiplexing to users with well-conditioned channels, and/or to enable interference-aware receive combining. In this paper, we try to answer the question if the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$N$</tex></formula> data streams should be divided among few users (many streams per user) or many users (few streams per user, enabling receive combining). Analytic results are derived to show how user selection, spatial correlation, heterogeneous user conditions, and imperfect channel acquisition (quantization or estimation errors) affect the performance when sending the maximal number of streams or one stream per scheduled user—the two extremes in data stream allocation. While contradicting observations on this topic have been reported in prior works, we show that selecting many users and allocating one stream per user (i.e., exploiting receive combining) is the best candidate under realistic conditions. This is explained by the provably stronger resilience towards spatial correlation and the larger benefit from multi-user diversity. This fundamental result has positive implications for the design of downlink systems as it reduces the hardware requirements at the user devices and simplifies the throughput optimization.
Nitro‐Substituted Bishomocubanes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application as Energetic Materials (2014)

Several high-energy-density strained polycyclic compounds nitromethyl-l,3-bishomocubane (NMBHC), nitromethylene-1,3-bishomocubane (NMyBHC), and bis(nitromethyl)-1,3-bishomocubane (DNTMBHC), which were synthesized for the first time from bishomocubanone, hold potential for application as standalone fuels in liquid bipropellant systems or as additives in liquid and solid propellant formulations. DFT analysis at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory was employed to optimize the geometries of the compounds and to determine their densities, heats of formation, and various thermodynamic properties. The density specific impulse, determined by using equilibrium thermodynamics, demonstrated an improvement of 75 s for NMBHC and NMyBHC over standard hydrocarbons. The specific impulse with ammonium perchlorate showed an improvement of 25-30 s over hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that NMBHC, NMyBHC, and DNTMBHC evaporated readily with activation energies of 58.8, 69.2, and 74.5 kJ mol(-1), respectively.
Optimal nonlinear estimation of photon coordinates in PET (2003)

We consider detection of high-energy photons in PET using thick scintillation crystals. Parallax effect and multiple Compton interactions in this type of crystals significantly reduce the accuracy of conventional detection methods. In order to estimate the scintillation point coordinates based on photomultiplier responses, we use asymptotically optimal nonlinear techniques, implemented by feed-forward neural networks, radial basis functions (RBF) networks, and neuro-fuzzy systems. Incorporation of information about angles of incidence of photons, significantly improves accuracy of estimation. The proposed estimators are fast enough to perform detection, using conventional computers.
Patients on Hemodialysis Are Better Served by a Proximal Arteriovenous Fistula for Long-Term Venous Access (2012)

Patients with end-stage renal disease should have arteriovenous fistula (AVF) formation 3 to 6 months prior to commencing hemodialysis (HD). However, this is not always possible with strained health care resources. We aim to compare autologous proximal AVF (PAVF) with distal AVF (DAVF) in patients already on HD. Primary end point is 4-year functional primary. Secondary end point is freedom from major adverse clinical events (MACEs). From January 2003 to June 2009, out of 495 AVF formations, 179 (36%) patients were already on HD. These patients had 200 AVF formations (49 DAVF vs 151 PAVF) in arms in which no previous fistula had been formed. No synthetic graft was used. Four-year primary functional patency significantly improved with PAVF (68.9% ± SD 8.8%) compared to DAVF (7.3% ± SD 4.9%; P < .0001). Five-year freedom from MACE was 85% with PAVF compared to 40% with DAVF (P < .005). Proximal AVF bestows long-term functional access with fewer complications compared to DAVF for patients already on HD.
Gonadotropin-regulated Testicular Helicase (DDX25), an Essential Regulator of Spermatogenesis, Prevents Testicular Germ Cell Apoptosis (2008)

Gonadotropin-regulated testicular helicase (GRTH)/DDX25 is an essential post-transcriptional regulator of spermatogenesis. In GRTH null mice severe apoptosis was observed in spermatocytes entering the metaphase of meiosis. Pro- and anti-apoptotic factors were found to be under GRTH regulation in comparative studies of spermatocytes from wild type and GRTH(-/-) knock-out (KO) mice. KO mice displayed decreased levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL (anti-apoptotic factors), an increase in Bid, Bak, and Bad (pro-apoptotic), reduced phospho-Bad, and release of cytochrome c. Also, an increase on Smac, a competitor of inhibitor apoptotic proteins that release caspases, was observed. These changes caused an increase in cleavage of caspases 9 and 3, activation of caspase 3 and increases in cleavage products of PARP. The half-life of caspase 3 transcripts was markedly increased in KO, indicating that GRTH had a negative role on its mRNA stability. IkappaBalpha, which sequesters NF-kappaB from its transcriptional activation of pro-apoptotic genes, was highly elevated in KO, and its phospho-form, which promotes its dissociation, was reduced. The increase of HDAC1 and abolition of p300 expression in KO indicated a nuclear action of GRTH on the NF-kappaB-mediated transcription of anti-apoptotic genes. It also regulates the associated death domain pathway and caspase 8-mediated events. GRTH-mediated apoptotic regulation was further indicated by its selective binding to pro- and anti-apoptotic mRNAs. These studies have demonstrated that GRTH, as a component of mRNP particles, acts as a negative regulator of the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and caspase pathways and promotes NF-kappaB function to control apoptosis in spermatocytes of adult mice.
Leukemoid reaction, bone marrow invasion, fever of unknown origin, and metastatic pattern in the natural history of advanced undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharyngeal type: a review of 255 consecutive cases. (1993)

The PNS described could help in the diagnosis and follow-up of UCNT patients because they may be the first manifestation of the disease or may reappear with relapse. BMI is a frequent finding in patients with metastases and is unrelated to PNS.
Experimental investigations of the formation of a plasma mirror for high-frequency microwave beam steering (1995)

The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been studying the use of a magnetically confined plasma sheet as a reflector for high-frequency (X-band) microwaves for broadband radar applications [IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-19, 1228 (1991)]. A planar sheet plasma (50 cm×60 cm×1 cm) is produced using a 2–10 kV fast rise time square wave voltage source and a linear hollow cathode. Reproducible plasma distributions with density ≥1.2×1012 cm−3 have been formed in a low-pressure (100–500 mTorr of air) chamber located inside of a 100–300 G uniform magnetic field. One to ten pulse bursts of 20–1000 μs duration plasma sheets have been produced with pulse repetition frequencies of up to 10 kHz. Turn on and off times of the plasma are less than 10 μs each. The far-field antenna pattern of microwaves reflected off the plasma sheet is similar to that from a metal plate at the same location [IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci PS-20, 1036 (1992)]. Interferometer measurements show the critical surface to remain nearly stationary during the current pulse. Plasma density measurements and optical emissions indicate that the plasma is produced by a flux of energetic electrons formed near the hollow cathode. The sheet appears to be stable to driver voltage and current fluctuations (NRL Memorandum Report No. 7461, 28 March 1994, NTIS Document No. AD-A278758).