gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Telomere length is paternally inherited and is associated with parental lifespan (2007)

Telomere length (TL) is emerging as a biomarker for aging and survival. To evaluate factors influencing this trait, we measured TL in a large homogeneous population, estimated the heritability (h(2)), and tested for parental effects on TL variation. Our sample included 356 men and 551 women, aged 18-92 years, from large Amish families. Mean TL in leukocytes was measured by quantitative PCR (mean: 6,198 +/- 1,696 bp). The h(2) of TL was 0.44 +/- 0.06 (P < 0.001), after adjusting for age, sex, and TL assay batch. As expected, TL was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.40; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in TL between men and women, consistent with our previous findings that Amish men lived as long as Amish women. There was a stronger and positive correlation and association between TL in the offspring and paternal TL (r = 0.46, P < 0.001; beta = 0.22, P = 0.006) than offspring and maternal TL (r = 0.18, P = 0.04; beta = -0.02, P = 0.4). Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation and association between daughter's TL and paternal lifespan (r = 0.20, P < 0.001; beta = 0.21, P = 0.04), but not between daughter's TL and maternal lifespan (r = -0.01, beta = 0.04; both P = not significant). Our data, which are based on one of the largest family studies of human TL, support a link between TL and aging and lifespan and suggest a strong genetic influence, possibly via an imprinting mechanism, on TL regulation.
Voltage regulator module (VRM) transient modeling and analysis (2003)

In this paper, the transient response of the voltage regulator module (VRM) output voltage when the processor has a sudden load change is analyzed. The parasitic parameters play important roles in the transient. The system can be divided into several resonant loops. Each loop can be considered approximately as a decoupled second order system. The voltage drop of the capacitor is analyzed. By reducing the inductance and increasing converter bandwidth, the transient of VRM can be improved.
Influence of Solder Volume on Interfacial Reaction between Sn-Ag-Cu Solder and TiW/Cu/Ni UBM (2006)

Solder bump interconnection is a widely accepted approach for high performance and miniaturized packaging. Solder bump pitch of 90 mum or less will be needed to support chip-to-next-level packaging when the integrated circuitry features reach 45 nm by 2010 [ITRS 2004 Update - Assembly & Packaging]. Lead-free solder is expected to be widely implemented by then. Intermetallic compound (IMC) formation is inherent in the soldering process. Excessive IMC is detrimental to interconnection reliability and this is expected to be more pronounced as IC chips get thinner and smaller. In this study, Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solder bumps on under-bump-metallization (UBM) comprised of sputtered TiW/Cu and electrolytic plated Cu and Ni were evaluated. Solder bumps with pad diameters of 200, 70 and 40 mum were produced by solder paste printing on matching UBM prepared on silicon wafers and reflowed. SAC solder bump IMC morphology and its growth kinetics, and bump shear strength after isothermal aging were investigated
Direct Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Probabilistic simulation of multi-scale composite behavior (1993)

A methodology is developed to computationally assess the probabilistic composite material properties at all composite scale levels due to the uncertainties in the constituent (fiber and matrix) properties and in the fabrication process variables. The methodology is computationally efficient for simulating the probability distributions of material properties. The sensitivity of the probabilistic composite material property to each random variable is determined. This information can be used to reduce undesirable uncertainties in material properties at the macro scale of the composite by reducing the uncertainties in the most influential random variables at the micro scale. This methodology was implemented into the computer code PICAN (Probabilistic Integrated Composite ANalyzer). The accuracy and efficiency of this methodology are demonstrated by simulating the uncertainties in the material properties of a typical laminate and comparing the results with the Monte Carlo simulation method. The experimental data of composite material properties at all scales fall within the scatters predicted by PICAN.
Electrochemical Deposition and Properties of Nickel—Chromium–Graphene Oxide Composite Coatings (2021)

Composite electrochemical coatings (CECs) based on nickel–chromium alloy modified with multilayer graphene oxide (GO) have been obtained. The kinetics of the process of electrodeposition of these coatings in potentiodynamic and galvanostatic modes has been studied. The structure and composition of nickel–chromium–GO CECs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and laser microspectral analysis. It was found that the inclusion of GO particles in the composition of electrolytic deposits of nickel–chromium alloy increases their microhardness.
Gravity-Driven Microfluidic Particle Sorting Device with Hydrodynamic Separation Amplification (2007)

This paper describes a simple microfluidic sorting system that can perform size profiling and continuous mass-dependent separation of particles through combined use of gravity (1 g) and hydrodynamic flows capable of rapidly amplifying sedimentation-based separation between particles. Operation of the device relies on two microfluidic transport processes: (i) initial hydrodynamic focusing of particles in a microchannel oriented parallel to gravity and (ii) subsequent sample separation where positional difference between particles with different mass generated by sedimentation is further amplified by hydrodynamic flows whose streamlines gradually widen out due to the geometry of a widening microchannel oriented perpendicular to gravity. The microfluidic sorting device was fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane), and hydrodynamic flows in microchannels were driven by gravity without using external pumps. We conducted theoretical and experimental studies on fluid dynamic characteristics of laminar flows in widening microchannels and hydrodynamic amplification of particle separation. Direct trajectory monitoring, collection, and post-analysis of separated particles were performed using polystyrene microbeads with different sizes to demonstrate rapid (<1 min) and high-purity (>99.9%) separation. Finally, we demonstrated biomedical applications of our system by isolating small-sized (diameter <6 microm) perfluorocarbon liquid droplets from polydisperse droplet emulsions, which is crucial in preparing contrast agents for safe, reliable ultrasound medical imaging, tracers for magnetic resonance imaging, or transpulmonary droplets used in ultrasound-based occlusion therapy for cancer treatment. Our method enables straightforward, rapid, real-time size monitoring and continuous separation of particles in simple stand-alone microfabricated devices without the need for bulky and complex external power sources. We believe that this system will provide a useful tool to separate colloids and particles for various analytical and preparative applications and may hold potential for separation of cells or development of diagnostic tools requiring point-of-care sample preparation or testing.
EEG-based classification of upper-limb ADL using SNN for active robotic rehabilitation (2014)

Repetitive activities of daily living (ADL) and robotic active training are commonly practised in the rehabilitation of paralyzed patients, both of which have been proven rather effective to recover the locomotor function of impaired limbs. ADL classification based on electroencephalogram (EEG) is of great significance to perform active robotic rehabilitation for patients with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) who lose locomotion of affected limbs absolutely, where surface electromyography (sEMG) or active force signal can hardly be detected. It is a challenge to achieve a satisfying result in neuro-rehabilitation robotics using EEG signals due to the high randomness of the EEG data. A classification method is proposed based on spiking neural networks (SNN) to identify the upper-limb ADL of three classes with 14-channel EEG data. The continuous real-number signals are firstly encoded into spike trains through Ben's Spike Algorithm (BSA). The generated spikes are then submitted into a 3-D brain-mapped SNN reservoir called NeuCube trained by Spike Timing Dependant Plasticity (STDP). Spike trains from all neurons of the trained reservoir are finally classified using one version of dynamic evolving spiking neuron networks (deSNN) - deSNNs. Classifications are presented with and without NeuCube respectively on the same EEG data set. Results indicate that using the reservoir improves identification accuracy which turns out pretty promising despite that EEG data is highly noisy, low frequently sampled, and only from 14 channels. The classification technique reveals a great potential for the further implementation of active robotic rehabilitation to the sufferers of complete SCI.
Communicating intent on the road through human-inspired control schemes (2016)

Given the current capabilities of autonomous vehicles, one can easily imagine autonomy released on the road in the near future. However, it can be assumed that the transition will not be instantaneous, meaning they will have to be capable of driving well in a mixed environment, with both humans and other autonomous vehicles on the road. This leaves a number of concerns for autonomous vehicles in terms of dealing with human uncertainty and understanding of cooperation on the road. This work demonstrates the need for focusing on communication and collaboration between autonomy and human drivers. After analyzing how drivers perform cooperative maneuvers (e.g. lane changing), key cues were identified for conveying intent through nonverbal communication. It was found that human observers can predict lane changes with over two seconds in prior to the lane departure, without use of a turning signal. Building on this concept, an autonomous control scheme is proposed that aims to capture these subtle motions before executing a lane change. To compare the proposed human-inspired methods, three possible control schemes for autonomous vehicles are implemented for a validation study on human subjects to provide feedback on their experience. By properly conveying intent through nuanced trajectory planning, we show that drivers can predict the autonomous vehicle's actions with 40% increase in prediction time when compared to traditional control methods, both as a passenger and while observing the autonomous vehicle.
Analysis of CH4Uptake over Metal–Organic Frameworks Using Data-Mining Tools (2019)

A database containing 2224 data points for CH<sub>4</sub> storage or delivery in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) was analyzed using machine-learning tools to extract knowledge for generalization. The database was first reviewed to observe the basic trends and patterns. It was then analyzed using decision trees and artificial neural networks (ANN) to extract hidden information and develop rules and heuristics for future studies. Five-fold cross validations were used in each analysis to test the validity of the models with data not seen before. Decision-tree analyses were carried out using six user-defined descriptors and two structural properties, separately. The crystal structure and the total degree of unsaturation were found to be the effective user-defined descriptors, whereas the pore volume and maximum pore diameter, as structural properties, were sufficient to determine the MOFs having high CH<sub>4</sub>-storage capacity. Moreover, a high pore volume is always required, as expected. In ANN analyses, models were also developed by using user-defined descriptors and structural properties separately. It was observed that the user-defined descriptors were not sufficient to describe the CH<sub>4</sub>-storage capacities of MOFs, whereas the structural properties in particular led to accurate CH<sub>4</sub>-storage predictions with an RMSE of 26.8 and an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.92 for testing.
[Effects of hypertonic solution on the membrane potential of isolated outer hair cell in the guinea pig cochlear]. (1998)

To learn effects of hypertonic solution on the membrane potential and cell length of isolated outer hair cell in the guinea pig cochlear, we determined the membrane potential and cell length during hypertonic activation with ACAS 570 and the membrane potential sensitive probe DiBAC4(3). The results showed that the hypertonic activation depolarized the outer hair cell and made it elongate. We think that the outer hair cell has activity, the depolarization and elongation of the outer hair cell caused by hypertonic solution are cyto-electrophysiological basis of hearing loss and recruitment in Meniere's disease.
Assessment of Specific T-Cell Activation by Superantigens (2003)

The main characteristic of a superantigen (SAg) is that it activates specific subsets of T cells that are composed of particular T-cell receptor (TCR) variable region β chain gene products (TCRBV). SAgs are thought to form a bridge between the TCRBV region on the T cell and the MHC class II molecule on the antigen-presenting cell (APC). This bridging transduces a strong signal to the T cell through the TCR, resulting in T-cell activation, which is manifested by upregulation of cell-surface markers associated with activation, T-cell proliferation, and cytokine release. In this chapter we shall outline two methods for assessing specific T-cell activation based on the preceding criteria: 1) detection of markers of activation in individual TCRBV subsets early after SAg stimulation; and 2) analysis of cytokine release from TCRBV specific T-cell hybridomas in response to SAg presentation.
A Zero-IF 60 GHz 65 nm CMOS Transceiver With Direct BPSK Modulation Demonstrating up to 6 Gb/s Data Rates Over a 2 m Wireless Link (2009)

This paper presents a directly modulated, 60 GHz zero-IF transceiver architecture suitable for single-carrier, low-power, multi-gigabit wireless links in nanoscale CMOS technologies. This mm-wave front end architecture requires no upconversion of the baseband signals in the transmitter and no analog-to-digital conversion in the receiver, thus minimizing system complexity and power consumption. All circuit blocks are realized using sub-1.0 V topologies, that feature only a single high-frequency transistor between the supply and ground, and which are scalable to future 45 nm, 32 nm, and 22 nm CMOS nodes. The transceiver is fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process with a digital back-end. It includes a receiver with 14.7 dB gain and 5.6 dB noise figure, a 60 GHz LO distribution tree, a 69 GHz static frequency divider, and a direct BPSK modulator operating over the 55-65 GHz band at data rates exceeding 6 Gb/s. With both the transmitter and the receiver turned on, the chip consumes 374 mW from 1.2 V which reduces to 232 mW for a 1.0 V supply. It occupies 1.28 times 0.81 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The transceiver and its building blocks were characterized over temperature up to 85<sup>deg</sup> C and for power supplies down to 1 V. A manufacturability study of 60 GHz radio circuits is presented with measurements of transistors, the low-noise amplifier, and the receiver on slow, typical, and fast process splits. The transceiver architecture and performance were validated in a 1-6 Gb/s 2-meter wireless transmit-receive link over the 55-64 GHz range.
The magic of a via-configurable regular fabric (2004)

In this paper, we provide a comprehensive study of the mappability of a via-configurable gate array (VCGA). Although, the base cell of the VCGA is simple, by customizing only via masks it can implement various combinational logic functions, sequential elements, and SRAM cells. Our VCGA can be efficiently configured into SRAM arrays, adders and multipliers. The strong configurability of our VCGA allows us to minimize the number of fixed parts in a general-purpose VCGA fabric, which greatly improves area utilization.
Local Anesthesia for Laser Prostatectomy (1995)

The technique of visual laser-assisted prostatectomy (VLAP) with a noncontact right-angle delivery system (Urolase) under local anesthesia is described. The advantages of local anesthesia include the facilitation of early patient discharge (2-3 hours after the procedure), avoidance of the risks of spinal and general anesthesia in high-risk patients, and, potentially, the enabling of VLAP as an outpatient office procedure. This technique was employed in 52 men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as an outpatient procedure without significant morbidity. The mean AUA Symptom Scores and uroflow measures all improved significantly with 1-year follow-up. Outpatient VLAP under local anesthesia is a promising treatment alternative for men with BPH.
The Advantages of Nanoparticles for PET (2009)

Nanoparticles have an advantage for molecular imaging in that many functionalities can be added to the surface and interior of the particle. This brief review focuses on the design of nanomaterials that take advantage of PET. An evolutionary approach is presented, leading to the optimization of the nanoparticle composition and structure to achieve controlled in vivo circulation and tissue-selective targeting. Organic and inorganic nanostructures are included. Nanoprobes for PET of angiogenesis and cancer are highlighted.
Tissue-specific and differentiation-specific expression of a human (2016)

A construct containing -2500 base pairs (bp) of 5' upstream and -700 bp of 3' downstream sequence was used to drive the expression of an intronless human K14 gene in vitro and in vivo. To track the expression of the gene, a small sequence encoding the antigenic portion of neuropeptide sub- stance P was inserted in frame 5' to the TGA translation stop codon of the gene. Surprisingly, this gene was expressed promiscuously in a wide variety of cultured cells transiently transfected with the construct. In contrast, when introduced into the germ line of transgenic mice, the construct was expressed in a fashion analogous to the endogenous K14 gene-namely, in the basal layer of stratified squamous epithelia. Our results suggest that some regulatory mechanism is overridden as a consequence of transient transfection but that sequences that can control proper K14 expression are present in the construct. The appropriate tissue-specific and differen- tiation-specific expression of K14P in transgenic mice is an important first step in characterizing a promoter that could be employed to drive the foreign expression of drug-related genes in the epidermis of skin grafts.
Multidomain-Based Responsive Materials with Dual-Mode Optical Readouts (2019)

Responsive materials designed to generate signals for both surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and phosphorescence lifetime-"dual-mode"-measurements are described. To demonstrate this concept, we incorporated pH-sensitive and oxygen-sensitive microdomains into a single hydrogel that could be interrogated via SERS and phosphorescence lifetime, respectively. Microdomains consisted two populations of discrete microcapsules containing either (1) gold nanoparticles capped with pH-sensitive Raman molecules or (2) oxygen-sensitive benzoporphyrin phosphors. While the microdomain-embedded hydrogels presented an expected background luminescence, the pH-sensitive SERS signal was distinguishable for all tested conditions. Response characteristics of the dual sensor showed no significant difference when compared to standalone single-mode pH and oxygen sensors. In addition, the feasibility of redundant multimode sensing was proven by observing the reaction produced by glucose oxidase chemically cross-linked within the corresponding alginate matrix. Each optical mode showed a signal change proportional to glucose concentration with an opposite signal directionality. These results support the promise of micro-/nanocomposite materials to improve measurement accuracy using intrinsic multimode responses and built-in redundancy, concepts that have broad appeal in the chemical sensing and biosensing fields.
Plasmonic Resonances of Closely Coupled Gold Nanosphere Chains (2009)

The optical properties of an ordered array of gold nanospheres have been calculated using the T-matrix method in the regime where the near-fields of the particles are strongly coupled. The array consists of a one-dimensional chain of spheres of 15 nm diameter where the number of spheres in the chain and interparticle spacing is varied. Calculations have been performed with chains up to 150 particles in length and with an interparticle spacing between 0.5 and 30 nm. Incident light polarized along the axis of the chain (longitudinal) and perpendicular (transverse) to it are considered, and in the latter case for wavevectors along and perpendicular to the chain axis. For fixed chain length the longitudinal plasmon resonance red shifts, relative to the resonance of an isolated sphere, as the interparticle spacing is reduced. The shift in the plasmon resonance does not appear to follow an exponential dependence upon gap size for these extended arrays of particles. The peak shift is inversely proportional to the distance, a result that is consistent with the van der Waals attraction between two spheres at short range, which also varies as 1/d. The transverse plasmon resonance shifts in the opposite direction as the interparticle gap is reduced; this shift is considerably smaller and approaches 500 nm as the gap tends to zero. Increasing the number of particles in the chain for a fixed gap has a similar effect on the longitudinal and transverse plasmon. In this case, however, the longitudinal plasmon tends toward an asymptotic value with increasing chain length, with the asymptotic value determined by the interparticle spacing. Here, the approach to the asymptote is exponential with a characteristic length of approximately two particles, at small interparticle spacings. This approach to an asymptote as the chain length becomes infinite has been verified in a finite element calculation with periodic boundary conditions.
Simulation of trap-assisted tunneling effect on characteristics of gallium nitride diodes (2012)

In this paper, simulations of I-V characteristics and band structures of magnesium and silicon doped gallium nitride diodes are presented. The numerical algorithm is based on the drift-diffusion semi-classic model, with the van Roosbroeck differential equation system involved. The model accounts for trap-assisted tunneling, which provides better agreement between the predicted and experimental I-V characteristics of p-n junctions in the low-bias range. We have performed one-dimensional simulations of devices. We compare the results with the results obtained from the standard drift-diffusion model. It is shown that taking the trap-assisted tunneling into account leads to good agreement with experimental data. We also demonstrate that a high doping of the p-n junctions may significantly increase the nonradiative recombination rate due to the prescribed effect.
Properties of Smoke from Overheated Materials in Low-Gravity (2009)

Smoke particle size measurements were obtained under low-gravity conditions by overheating several materials typical of those found in spacecraft. The measurements included integral measurements of the smoke particles and physical sample of the particles for Transmission Electron Microscope analysis. The integral moments were combined to obtain geometric mean particle sizes and geometric standard deviations. These results are presented with the details of the instrument calibrations. The experimental results show that, for the materials tested, a substantial portion of the smoke particles are below 500 nm in diameter.