gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inline‐Beschichtung von optischen Substraten. Inline coating of optical substrates (2005)

Abstract Optische Technologien spielen eine entscheidende Rolle in unserem täglichen Leben. Von der Verbesserung des Sehens, der digitalen Fotographie, bis hin zur Datenkommunikation findet man eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen. Die Beeinflussung des Lichtes erfolgt im wesentlichen durch Linsen. Neben mineralischen Linsen gewinnen hierbei transparente Kunststofflinsen immer mehr an Bedeutung. Die optischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften der Linsen werden durch hochwertige Beschichtungen entscheidend verbessert. Hierzu zählen in erster Linie Entspiegelungsschichten um die Lichttransmission zu steigern, Hartschichten um die kratzempfindlichen Kunststoffsubstrate zu schützen und Pflegeleichtschichten um die Schmutzanfälligkeit zu reduzieren und das Reinigen der Substrate zu erleichtern. Im Folgenden werden moderne Vakuumbeschichtungsmethoden zur industriellen Veredelung von optischen Substraten vorgestellt. Im Fokus steht die Beschichtung von transparenten Kunststoffsubstraten wie beispielsweise Brillengläser mittels einer revolutionären Inline‐Technologie. Hierbei werden einerseits alle erforderlichen Beschichtungsschritte in einer vollautomatisierten Anlage integriert und andererseits die in der Ophthalmik übliche Rezeptfertigung durch eine flexible Zusammenstellung des Schichtsystems ermöglicht.
The Ruby Programming Language (2007)

This book begins with a quick-start tutorial to the language, and then explains the language in detail from the bottom up: from lexical and syntactic structure to datatypes to expressions and statements and on through methods, blocks, lambdas, closures, classes and modules. The book also includes a long and thorough introduction to the rich API of the Ruby platform, demonstrating -- with heavily-commented example code -- Ruby's facilities for text processing, numeric manipulation, collections, input/output, networking, and concurrency. An entire chapter is devoted to Ruby's metaprogramming capabilities. The Ruby Programming Language documents the Ruby language definitively but without the formality of a language specification. It is written for experienced programmers who are new to Ruby, and for current Ruby programmers who want to challenge their understanding and increase their mastery of the language.
Polymerase Chain Reaction molecular diagnostic technology for monitoring chronic osteomyelitis (2014)

The use of the PCR-based method was effective for high-sensitivity detection and identification of bacteria associated with chronic osteomyelitis in a rabbit model. Our findings illustrate the applicability of PCR for monitoring chronic osteomyelitis, which may be useful for improved detection of osteomyelitis organisms in humans.
Alpha-synuclein inhibits Snx3–retromer-mediated retrograde recycling of iron transporters in S. cerevisiae and C. elegans models of Parkinson’s disease (2018)

We probed the role of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in modulating sorting nexin 3 (Snx3)-retromer-mediated recycling of iron transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans. In yeast, the membrane-bound heterodimer Fet3/Ftr1 is the high affinity iron importer. Fet3 is a membrane-bound multicopper ferroxidase, whose ferroxidase domain is orthologous to human ceruloplasmin (Cp), that oxidizes external Fe+2 to Fe+3; the Fe+3 ions then channel through the Ftr1 permease into the cell. When the concentration of external iron is low (<1 µM), Fet3/Ftr1 is maintained on the plasma membrane by retrograde endocytic-recycling; whereas, when the concentration of external iron is high (>10 µM), Fet3/Ftr1 is endocytosed and shunted to the vacuole for degradation. We discovered that α-syn expression phenocopies the high iron condition: under the low iron condition (<1 µM), α-syn inhibits Snx3-retromer-mediated recycling of Fet3/Ftr1 and instead shunts Fet3/Ftr1 into the multivesicular body pathway to the vacuole. α-Syn inhibits recycling by blocking the association of Snx3-mCherry molecules with endocytic vesicles, possibly by interfering with the binding of Snx3 to phosphatidylinositol-3-monophosphate. In C. elegans, transgenic worms expressing α-syn exhibit an age-dependent degeneration of dopaminergic neurons that is partially rescued by the iron chelator desferoxamine. This implies that α-syn-expressing dopaminergic neurons are susceptible to changes in iron neurotoxicity with age, whereby excess iron enhances α-syn-induced neurodegeneration. In vivo genetic analysis indicates that α-syn dysregulates iron homeostasis in worm dopaminergic neurons, possibly by inhibiting SNX-3-mediated recycling of a membrane-bound ortholog of Cp (F21D5.3), the iron exporter ferroportin (FPN1.1), or both.
Leakage Current Mechanism of Amorphous and Polycrystalline Ta2 O 5 Films Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (1996)

The leakage current mechanism of the chemical vapor deposition film has been investigated. In the case of an as‐deposited amorphous film, the presence of impurities such as carbon and hydrogen remaining in the film leads to the Poole‐Frenkel type leakage current. The oxidation of these impurities results in a reduction in leakage current. plasma is especially effective for oxidizing impurities, leading to a drastic reduction of the leakage current. However, plasma cannot reduce the leakage current of the film crystallized at 700°C. This leakage current is not due to C and H, but rather to Si penetraed into the film from the underlying poly‐Si electrode. Therefore, the amorphous film treated by plasma is most suitable for DRAM use.
Phase Diagram of the First-Order Vortex-Core Transition in SuperfluidHe3-B (1984)

The phase diagram of quantized vortices in $^{3}\mathrm{He}$-$B$ has been obtained with two techniques. Our NMR measurements show that magnetization displays a pressure-dependent first-order phase change at ${T}_{V}(P)$. Our gyroscopic experiments reveal a transition curve ${T}_{G}(P)$ which marks an abrupt change in the critical velocity. Both curves show a weak magnetic field dependence, run similarly in the ($P$, $T$) plane, and seem to mark the same vortex-core transition.
As Vertebral Body Tethering Impacts Missouri, New Technology Grows in the Right Direction. (2022)

All eleven-year-old girls want to do is play and be active like every other child her age. Yet, the ability to have a normal childhood for one of our patients became a concern when she and her parents noticed an abnormal lateral curvature in her spine, which was later diagnosed as adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. In February 2014, she presented with a 45° thoracic deformity with a high risk of progression. At that time, the gold standard for the treatment of her deformity was a posterior spinal fusion - a surgical treatment she nor her parents were interested in pursuing. After their initial appointment, her parents scoured the internet and discovered a new non-fusion surgical technique, known as vertebral body tethering, that might correct their daughter's deformity without the need for titanium rods in her spine. In April 2014, that same eleven-year-old girl underwent vertebral body tethering of her main thoracic deformity from T5 to L1 under the care and management of Dr. Daniel Hoernschemeyer, a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon, with the University of Missouri's Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Today, she is a healthy young adult who is thinking more about prom than about her scoliosis.
Architecture-oriented regular algorithms for discrete sine and cosine transforms (1999)

We propose fast algorithms for a class of trigonometric transforms. These algorithms have a unified structure and simple data exchange similar to the constant geometry Pease (1968) algorithm derived from the Cooley-Tukey (1965) FFT. We can easily extend many of the parallel FFT approaches for these algorithms. The idea of the method is to localize the nonregularities peculiar to fast algorithms for other trigonometric transforms into the nodes of the Cooley-Tukey FFT type computational graph. Only the basic operation in the nodes of the computational graph will be different for different transforms. Thus, a simple programmable processor element for executing the node functions can be the basis for parallel constructs.
Free-Standing Thin Hydrogels: Effects of Composition and pH-Dependent Hydration on Mechanical Properties (2021)

We developed an approach to obtain nanothin free-floating poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) hydrogel films through the dissolution of a sacrificial SiO2 layer. The hydrogel films were produced by chemical crosslinking of PMAA in PMAA/poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPON) hydrogen-bonded precursors assembled through spin-assisted (SA) multilayer assembly. Surface-anchored precursor films and hydrogels were released from silicon templates into an aqueous solution via etching the thick sacrificial SiO2 layer from the templates. We studied the impact of the release method on the surface morphology, thickness, and elasticity of the released (PMAA/PVPON)60 and (PMAA)60 films using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and demonstrated that these properties were affected neither by the film release nor by their following transfer onto Si wafers. We found that 16 h crosslinked (PMAA)60 hydrogels and their more swollen 8 h crosslinked counterparts (76% hydration at pH = 5) produced free-floating films with good mechanical integrity and strength. The elastic moduli of a 16 h crosslinked (PMAA)60 film decreased from 1.9 ± 0.1 GPa in the dry state to 77 ± 13 MPa at pH = 5 and then to 14 ± 3 MPa at pH = 6.5. We also showed that incorporating Zr(IV) into twice thinner (PMAA)30 hydrogels (∼60 nm dry thickness) improved film mechanical robustness and allowed their successful release and transfer onto Si wafers. In contrast, Zr-free (PMAA)30 were less tolerant to the release/transfer procedure due to mechanical fragility. The temporary coordination links between Zr(IV) and the hydrogel could be removed from the network by an EDTA chelator. The lift-off approach developed here is simple, versatile, and applicable to a wide range of polymer films. The free-floating hydrogels obtained by this method can be used as transferrable platforms to develop lab-on-a-chip systems, nanocomposite pressure sensing platforms, rapid optical biosensors, and responsive platforms for regulating cell adhesion and more effective cell sheet recoveries.
Adenovirus Core Protein pVII Is Translocated into the Nucleus by Multiple Import Receptor Pathways (2006)

Adenoviruses are nonenveloped viruses with an approximately 36-kb double-stranded DNA genome that replicate in the nucleus. Protein VII, an abundant structural component of the adenovirus core that is strongly associated with adenovirus DNA, is imported into the nucleus contemporaneously with the adenovirus genome shortly after virus infection and may promote DNA import. In this study, we evaluated whether protein VII uses specific receptor-mediated mechanisms for import into the nucleus. We found that it contains potent nuclear localization signal (NLS) activity by transfection of cultured cells with protein VII fusion constructs and by microinjection of cells with recombinant protein VII fusions. We identified three NLS-containing regions in protein VII by deletion mapping and determined important NLS residues by site-specific mutagenesis. We found that recombinant protein VII and its NLS-containing domains strongly and specifically bind to importin alpha, importin beta, importin 7, and transportin, which are among the most abundant cellular nuclear import receptors. Moreover, these receptors can mediate the nuclear import of protein VII fusions in vitro in permeabilized cells. Considered together, these data support the hypothesis that protein VII is a major NLS-containing adaptor for receptor-mediated import of adenovirus DNA and that multiple import pathways are utilized to promote efficient nuclear entry of the viral genome.
Effect of Acetaminophen on the Accuracy of Glucose Measurements Obtained with the GlucoWatch Biographer (2000)

The GlucoWatch Biographer provides frequent measurements of glucose over a 12-hour period with high accuracy. No effect of therapeutic dosage of acetaminophen on the accuracy of the glucose readings was found.
Is there any specific role of the capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves in the development of the human chronic gastritis with or without Helicobacter pylori infection? (2006)

Background: The capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves (CSANs) take place in the development of gastric mucosal damage and/or protection in animals and in human subjects (Mózsik Gy, Abdel-Salam OME, Szolcsányi J: Capsaicin-Sensitive Afferent Nerves in Gastric Mucosal Damage and Protection. Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó, 1997. Mózsik Gy, Rácz I, Szolcsányi J. World J Gastroenterol 11:5180–5184, 2005). The gastritis is a common appearance of the inflammation in the stomach caused by different factors (H. pylori, autoimmune mechanisms, chemical agents, NSAIDs). The aim of the study was to clarify up the role of CSANs in human Helicobacter pylori (as one of the main causative factor) positive or negative chronic gastritis.
<title>Optical Scanning Probe Technology (Tutorial)</title> (1975)

An optical scanning probe is essentially a TV camera lens that provides three angular motions of the line of sight through motions of internal components. Although probes usually have an extremely small entrance pupil, on the order of one millimeter or less, the unique requirements of their use with scale models in simulators causes a significant optical design problem. The designer must provide high image quality in a system operating over a broad spectral range, with a large field of view, having unusual re-quirements for extreme depth of field. These problems and some of the solutions that have been achieved are presented.
Construction of a rotating power electronic converter for induction machine operation (2015)

This paper describes the construction of the rotating power electronic converter. By mounting the power electronics on the rotor of an induction machine, the rotor winding can be made easily accessible without the use of slip-rings and brushes. This offers certain advantages regarding motor control. However, it is evident that the rotating mass, communication with the converter and maintaining the mechanical stability and reliability of the system are huge challenges that must be overcome. This paper describes some solution that are partly investigated and some solutions that still needs to be investigated in more detail.
A Compare-Aggregate Model with Dynamic-Clip Attention for Answer Selection (2017)

Answer selection for question answering is a challenging task, since it requires effective capture of the complex semantic relations between questions and answers. Previous remarkable approaches mainly adopt general Compare-Aggregate framework that performs word-level comparison and aggregation. In this paper, unlike previous Compare-Aggregate models which utilize the traditional attention mechanism to generate corresponding word-level vector before comparison, we propose a novel attention mechanism named Dynamic-Clip Attention which is directly integrated into the Compare-Aggregate framework. Dynamic-Clip Attention focuses on filtering out noise in attention matrix, in order to better mine the semantic relevance of word-level vectors. At the same time, different from previous Compare-Aggregate works which treat answer selection task as a pointwise classification problem, we propose a listwise ranking approach to model this task to learn the relative order of candidate answers. Experiments on TrecQA and WikiQA datasets show that our proposed model achieves the state-of-the-art performance.
Longitudinal Study of a Patient with Herpes-simplex-Virus-Associated Erythema multiforme: Viral Gene Expression and T Cell Repertoire Usage (1999)

The data suggest that HSV and a virus-specific immunopathology component are involved in the causation of all HAEM episodes experienced by the patient.
Synthesis and electrochemical properties of the naturally occurring free radical scavenger carazostatin (1991)

A short synthesis of the naturally occurring free radical scavenger carazostatin 1 starting from indol-3-ylacetic acid is described, the key step being the regiospecific Diels–Alder reaction of the indolopyrone 2 with ethyl trimethylsilylpropynoate. Electrochemical studies on carazostatin and some of its derivatives show it to be more easily oxidised than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).
A matrisomal proteomics network modulates tau and amyloid‐beta toxicity in fly AD models. (2022)

Abstract Background Mounting evidence indicates Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has a complex etiology where insults in multiple pathways conspire to disrupt neuronal function, yet the molecular changes underlying AD remain poorly understood. To identify protein changes associated with AD, we previously performed mass‐spectrometry on post‐mortem brain tissue from longitudinal cohorts and identified &gt;40 protein coexpression networks correlated to AD pathological and clinical traits. A small module (M42) consisting of 37 proteins linked to the extracellular matrix (ECM/matrisome) has the strongest correlation to AD pathology (r=0.75), and includes several proteins linked to AD (e.g. APP, APOE) including SMOC1 as the central hub. SMOC1 has conserved roles in modulating TGF‐Beta and wnt signaling during development, however, its role in the adult brain remains unstudied. Method We evaluate the SMOC1 associated protein network using the powerful genetics of Drosophila to characterize its role in neuronal function and uncover links to specific triggers of AD. We use a high‐throughput robotic screening platform and video assisted software which enables robust, quantitative assessments of neurological function to identify conserved members of M42 that modify Amyloid‐Beta‐ or tau‐induced neurodegeneration. Using a combination of loss‐of‐function alleles and RNA interference (RNAi) we tested over 200 transgenic fly lines, representing 47 Drosophila genes corresponding to 37 human proteins nominated from the M42 ECM network. Result We found that SMOC1 knock‐down modifies tau toxicity using RNAi and loss‐of‐function alleles, confirming a link to specific AD triggers. In addition, we identified 13 other genes with robust evidence of interactions with either tau or Aβ in our fly models including multiple wnt signaling components and TGF‐β ligands. Additionally, we begin characterizating the fly ortholog dSMOC1 showing expression in a small subset of neurons and many glial cells in the brain. Finally, we show human SMOC1 can rescue lethality caused by complete loss of dSMOC1 function, thus setting the stage for mechanistic analysis. Conclusion The M42 protein coexpression network contains multiple proteins with links to AD and our screening pipeline identified multiple conserved ECM proteins interacting with specific AD triggers. This analysis helps diversify the pool of potential therapeutic targets for the fight to cure AD.
Image Captioning based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Recently it has shown that the policy-gradient methods for reinforcement learning have been utilized to train deep end-to-end systems on natural language processing tasks. What's more, with the complexity of understanding image content and diverse ways of describing image content in natural language, image captioning has been a challenging problem to deal with. To the best of our knowledge, most state-of-the-art methods follow a pattern of sequential model, such as recurrent neural networks (RNN). However, in this paper, we propose a novel architecture for image captioning with deep reinforcement learning to optimize image captioning tasks. We utilize two networks called "policy network" and "value network" to collaboratively generate the captions of images. The experiments are conducted on Microsoft COCO dataset, and the experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.
S161011 Friction Reduction Phenomenon of Sheets by Ultrasonic Vibration (2012)

It is known that when ultrasonic vibration is applied on the top of a stack of sheets, the friction between sheets reduces. This reduction of friction is thought to be due to the separation of sheets by vibration. However, the relationship between the vibration of sheets and the reduction of friction is still not fully understood. In this study, we have observed the physical change that occurs in a sheet along with vibration such as frictional force, levitation height and oscillatory waveform. When the load increased, the frictional force increased and the levitation height decreased. These results indicate that there is a direct correlation between levitation height and frictional force. It was suggested that acoustic levitation is caused on a sheet by vibrating the sheet.
Supplementary Table 1 from Prognostic Role of Lemur Tyrosine Kinase-3 Germline Polymorphisms in Adjuvant Gastric Cancer in Japan and the United States (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 85K, Table breakdown comparing the location of the primary tumor (GEJ or stomach) in males and females between the Japanese and US cohorts.&lt;/p&gt;
Dependence of axial propagation modes on piezoelectric coupling coefficients in a piezoelectric continuously twisted structurally chiral medium (PCTSCM) (1994)

The material properties of a piezoelectric continuously twisted structurally chiral medium (PCTSCM) vary helicoidally along the axial direction. Monochromatic axial wave propagation in a PCTSCM has been solved exactly [A. Lakhtakia, Appl. Acoust. (in press)]. It is shown that specific axial propagation modes are related to specific piezoelectric coupling coefficients. By a judicious choice of these coefficients, one may control certain sets of modes independently of other sets of modes. Since the degree of piezoelectric coupling can be engineered, PCTSCMs are promising candidates for future transduction devices. Emphasis has been placed on PCTSCMs with hexagonal symmetries. Graphical support of the conclusions will be presented. [Work supported by NSF.]
Influence of ZnO seed layer precursor molar ratio on the density of interface defects in low temperature aqueous chemically synthesized ZnO nanorods/GaN light-emitting diodes (2016)

Low temperature aqueous chemical synthesis (LT-ACS) of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) has been attracting considerable research interest due to its great potential in the development of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The influence of the molar ratio of the zinc acetate (ZnAc): KOH as a ZnO seed layer precursor on the density of interface defects and hence the presence of non-radiative recombination centers in LT-ACS of ZnO NRs/GaN LEDs has been systematically investigated. The material quality of the as-prepared seed layer as quantitatively deduced by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is found to be influenced by the molar ratio. It is revealed by spatially resolved cathodoluminescence that the seed layer molar ratio plays a significant role in the formation and the density of defects at the n-ZnO NRs/p-GaN heterostructure interface. Consequently, LED devices processed using ZnO NRs synthesized with molar ratio of 1:5 M exhibit stronger yellow emission (∼575 nm) compared to those based on 1:1 and 1:3 M ratios as measured by the electroluminescence. Furthermore, seed layer molar ratio shows a quantitative dependence of the non-radiative defect densities as deduced from light-output current characteristics analysis. These results have implications on the development of high-efficiency ZnO-based LEDs and may also be helpful in understanding the effects of the ZnO seed layer on defect-related non-radiative recombination.