gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Retinex processing for automatic image enhancement</title> (2002)

In the last published concept (1986) for a Retinex computation, Edwin Land introduced a center/surround spatial form, which was inspired by the receptive field structures of neurophysiology. With this as our starting point we have over the years developed this concept into a full scale automatic image enhancement algorithm - the Multi-Scale Retinex with Color Restoration (MSRCR) which combines color constancy with local contrast/lightness enhancement to transform digital images into renditions that approach the realism of direct scene observation. The MSRCR algorithm has proven to be quite general purpose, and very resilient to common forms of image pre-processing such as reasonable ranges of gamma and contrast stretch transformations. More recently we have been exploring the fundamental scientific implications of this form of image processing, namely: (i) the visual inadequacy of the linear representation of digital images, (ii) the existence of a canonical or statistical ideal visual image, and (iii) new measures of visual quality based upon these insights derived from our extensive experience with MSRCR enhanced images. The lattermost serves as the basis for future schemes for automating visual assessment - a primitive first step in bringing visual intelligence to computers.
Kaurane diterpenes protect against apoptosis and inhibition of phagocytosis in activated macrophages (2007)

Both diterpenes protected macrophages from apoptosis and inhibited phagocytosis, resulting in a paradoxical control of macrophage function, as viability was prolonged but inflammatory and phagocytic functions were impaired.
ABC-ELISA-A new method suitable for large-scale serological assessment of malaria (1992)

The authors developed a new practical method for the measurement of malaria antibodies which met the requirements needed for large-scale malaria assessment in the tropics. The new method, ABC-ELISA has used the avidin biotin peroxidase complex system for the amplification of the ordinary ELISA substrate reactions in malaria serological tests. The ABC-ELISA was more sensitive than the ordinary ELISA through the use of the ABC system. This allowed the resulting color spots on the dried plate wells to be read clearly with the naked eye. The method was able to differentiate well malaria patients with recent past history from subjects. The sera from malaria patients were examined using three kinds of sero-immunological methods: ABC-ELISA, fluorescence enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (fluorescence-ELISA), and indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT). An excellent correlation between the ABC-ELISA and IFAT titers was obtained; a correlation coefficient being 0.923. ABC-ELISA titers also correlated well with fluorescence-ELISA titers; the correlation coefficient being 0.962. The lyophilization of the malaria antigen preserved the antigen activity without inducing any nonspecific reaction. These results suggest that the ABC-ELISA is useful for assessing malaria survey in tropical endemic areas, because the test can be carried out without using major electrical equipment.
Abstract 858: Enzalutamide versus abiraterone as a radiosensitizer in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cells (2018)

Abstract Prostate cancer treatment is based on the estimated risk of recurrence in the U.S. Combined androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with radiation therapy (XRT) is the standard of care for high-risk localized PCa. However, a large percentage of tumors are resistance to ADT due to continued AR signaling. Abiraterone (ABI), an androgen synthesis inhibitor, and Enzalutamide (ENZA), a potent AR antagonist, are new treatment options for metastatic castration resistance prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of ENZA or ABI as a radiosensitizer in XRT therapy on PCa cells. Methods: The effect of ENZA or ABI alone or in combination with XRT was assessed on hormone-sensitive (LNCaP, PC3-AR-T877A) and insensitive (PC3, PC3-AR V7) PCa cells using cell viability (MTT) and also clonogenic assays in different scheduling regimens: A- drug 24 h before XRT, B-drug 2h before XRT, or C- XRT followed by 24h later drug. Results: We first determined the effect of ENZA or ABI on MTT assays in androgen-dependent (AD) and androgen-independent (AI) PCa cell lines. The results of MTT assay showed that ENZA inhibited the growth of the four different cell lines, LNCaP, PC3-T877A, PC3 and PC3 AR-V7 with IC50 values of 20, 22, 50, and 45μmol/L, respectively, after 24 hours of treatment. The same effect was observed on ABI treated cell lines. Radiosensitivity was not significantly increased in AD and AI PCa cell lines by ABI (DEF=1.00, in all cases) while there was a supra-additive dose enhancement factor (DEF= 1.75±0.08) for hormone-sensitive cells treated with ENZA (Table 1). Conclusion: Our data indicates that ENZA acts as a much stronger radiosensitizer compared to ABI through different probable mechanisms of radiosensitivity. Table 1. Dose Enhancement Factors calculations by scheduling ProtocolABCENZAABIENZAABIENZAABIADLNCaP1.35±0.021.05±0.011.75±0.081.001.30±0.051.00PC3-AR T877A1.30±0.031.001.65±0.011.001.35±0.061.05±0.02AIPC31.001.001.001.001.001.00PC3-AR V71.001.001.001.001.001.00 Citation Format: Maryam Ghashghaei, Thierry Muanza, Moulay Alaoui-Jamali, Miltiadis Paliouras, Mohammad Tamim Niazi. Enzalutamide versus abiraterone as a radiosensitizer in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 858.
Multicenter Study of Contaminated Percutaneous Injuries in Anesthesia Personnel (1998)

Performance of anesthesia tasks is associated with CPIs from blood-contaminated hollow-bore needles. Thirty percent of all CPIs would have been high-risk for bloodborne pathogen transmission if the source patients were infected. Most CPIs were potentially preventable, and fewer than half were reported to hospital health services. The results identify devices and mechanisms responsible for CPIs, provide estimates of risk levels, and permit formulation of strategies to reduce risks.
Construction of Safety Performance Management System for Coal Mine Enterprises in China (2010)

The bad coal mine natural environment, safety investment deficiency, insufficiency safety performance management system are the main causes leading to the coal mining accident frequently nowadays, building-up safety performance management system is importance to coal enterprises safety work. This paper analyses the security status and the reasons of coal mine enterprises, the important role played by safety performance management system during the course of safe production, and the problems existing in the performance management system. It also puts forward a plan for the establishment of the performance management system in order to create a safe environment for the coal mine enterprises and promote its healthy development.Keywords: Coal mine enterprise; Safety performance; Performance management system
The interaction ofDesulfovibrio äspöensisDSM 10631Twith plutonium (2006)

Microbes are widely distributed in nature and they can strongly influence the migration of actinides in the environment. This investigation describes the interaction of plutonium in mixed oxidation states (Pu(VI) and Pu(IV)-polymers) with cells of the sulfate-reducing bacterial (SRB) strain Desulfovibrio äspöensis DSM 10631 T , which frequently occurs in the deep granitic rock aquifers at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (Äspö HRL), Sweden. In this study, accumulation experiments were performed in order to obtain information about the amount of Pu bound by the bacteria in dependence on the contact time and the initial plutonium concentration. We used solvent extractions, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to determine the speciation of Pu oxidation states. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was used to study the coordination of the Pu bound by the bacteria. In the first step, the Pu(VI) and Pu(IV)-polymers are bound to the biomass. Solvent extractions showed that 97% of the initially present Pu(VI) is reduced to Pu(V) due to the activity of the cells within the first 24 h of contact time. Most of the formed Pu(V) dissolves from the cell envelope back to the aqueous solution due to the weak complexing properties of this plutonium oxidation state. Indications were found for a penetration of Pu species inside the bacterial cells.
Four Levels of Assessment for LID Practices (2008)

The capacity to infiltrate stormwater is an important aspect of many low impact development practices. Quantitative evaluation of infiltration capacity has typically been performed by monitoring the inflow and outflow of various storms, and determining the infiltration through a mass balance. Monitoring programs, however, are typically of long duration (i.e. one or more field seasons), require intensive effort, and frequently do not yield useful data for individual LID practices. We propose a new approach for assessment of stormwater LID practices that includes controlled testing as a key component in a Four Level assessment program. In increasing order of effort, the four levels are: (1) visual inspection, (2) infiltration capacity testing, (3) synthetic runoff testing, and (4) monitoring.
Hepatitis B in St Petersburg, Russia (1994–1999): incidence, prevalence and force of infection (2003)

Hepatitis B (HB) is thought to be an expanding health problem in Russia. The incidence of infection was estimated from mandatorily reported HB cases in St Petersburg. The two-sided t-test for independent samples and the LOESS (locally-weighted regression) smoother were used to compare the age at infection for symptomatic, asymptomatic and chronic infections, by gender. The force of infection was estimated from seroprevalence data (907 sera taken in 1999) using a newly developed nonparametric method based on local polynomials, as well as an earlier method based on isotonic regression and kernel smoothers. With the local polynomial method, pointwise confidence intervals (95%) were constructed by bootstrapping. On average, men contracted HB infection at a significantly younger age than women (in 1999, 21.8 vs 22.7 years, respectively). The overall male to female ratio was 1.92. In 1999 the overall incidence almost doubled compared with the preceding years and tripled among the age groups with highest incidence (15-29-year olds: 85% of cases in 1999). The incidence increase was associated with a lower average age at infection (24.1 years in 1994 vs 22.1 years in 1999). The age and gender-specific force of infection estimates generally confirmed the incidence estimates and emphasized the usefulness of local polynomials to do this. Hence HB transmission in St Petersburg occurs mainly in young adults. The dramatic increase of infections in 1999 was probably due to injecting drug use. Without intervention, HB virus is expected to continue to spread rapidly with a greater proportion of female infections caused by sexual transmission. These trends may also provide an indication for HIV transmission.
Halothermothrix (2015)

Abstract Ha.lo.ther'mo'thrix. Gr. n. hals, halos salt; Gr. adj. thermos hot; Gr. n. thrix hair; N.L. fem. n. Halothermothrix a thermophilic fermentative halophile. Long rod‐shaped bacteria with cells that are 0.4–0.6 × 10–20 µm, occurring mainly singly (Figure 1). Motile by peritrichous flagella . Non‐sporulating. Gram‐stain‐negative. Strictly anaerobic . Chemo‐organotrophic; oxidize carbohydrates to acetate, ethanol, H 2 , and CO 2 . NaCl and yeast extract are required for growth. Grow in thermophilic conditions (optimum temperature for growth is 60 °C). DNA G + C content ( mol %): 39.6 (HPLC). Type species : Halothermothrix orenii Cayol, Ollivier, Patel, Prensier, Guezennec and Garcia 1994a, 538 VP . Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Halothermothrix is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / Bacillati / Bacillota / Clostridia / Halanaerobiales / Halanaerobiaceae / Halothermothrix The genus Halothermothrix can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as g__Halothermothrix (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Bacillota_F / c__Halanaerobiia / o__Halanaerobiales / f__Halothermotrichaceae / g__Halothermothrix * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776
Infrared reflectivity of metallic surfaces (1988)

We propose simple and good approximate equations for the reflectance of the perpendicular and parallel polarizations of light upon an isotropic absorbing medium deduced from the Fresnel coefficients of reflection. We also calculate the principal incidence and the pseudo-Brewster angle by using approximate expressions. These formulas are valid when the optical constants n and k of the surface are such that n2 + k2 ≫ 1 and are more accurate than those used so far in the literature. The excellent agreement between approximate and exact values verifies the high accuracy of the given equations.
Some Aspects of the Biology of Tilapia zilli in Kanye Dam, Kabo Local Government, Kano State, Nigeria (2015)

Some aspects of the biology of Tilapia zilli were studied using a total of 420 males and females fish specimens caught in Kanye dam, Kano State Nigeria, from May to August, 2014. The fish mean length ranged from 8.4 -14.2 cm while mean weight ranged from 32.4 -89.3g. The fish indicated positive isometric growth pattern with a ‘b’ value of 3. Analysis of the stomach contents showed that the fish consumed algae (32.28%), insects (25.37%), fish parts (17.66%), decayed food particles (16.91%) and unidentifiable materials (7.14%). The physicochemical parameters were favourable and condition factor (k) obtained signifies that Tilapia zilli species were living in a good condition in Kanye Dam.
Epstein-Barr Virus Mediated Signaling in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Carcinogenesis (2020)

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common tumors occurring in China and Southeast Asia. Etiology of NPC seems to be complex and involves many determinants, one of which is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Although evidence demonstrates that EBV infection plays a key role in NPC carcinogenesis, the exact relationship between EBV and dysregulation of signaling pathways in NPC needs to be clarified. This review focuses on the interplay between EBV and NPC cells and the corresponding signaling pathways, which are modulated by EBV oncoproteins and non-coding RNAs. These altered signaling pathways could be critical for the initiation and progression of NPC.
Extreme water repellency of nanostructured low-surface-energy non-woven fabrics (2011)

We report the extreme water repellent nature of non-woven fabrics of PET (polyethyleneterephthalate) whose fiber surfaces are nanotextured with oxygen plasma and coated with a low-surface-energy nanofilm. The surface effectively suppresses vapor condensation and repels condensed water droplets in addition to exhibiting a high contact angle and a low contact angle hysteresis with a millimetre-sized water drop. We also show that the surface maintains its superhydrophobicity after water-vapor condensation and after oil-wetting due to high-aspect-ratio nanohairs on the fibers. The superior water-repellent ability of the plasma treated non-woven fabric can be exploited in a variety of industrial applications including water harvesting and fuel cell water management even under oily contaminations.
0785 CYTOKINES, SLEEP, AND DAYTIME SLEEPINESS (2017)

A link between sleep disturbances, chronic inflammation and psychiatric disorders has been demonstrated previously. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between saliva cytokine concentrations, sleep and daytime sleepiness in healthy young adults. N=36 students of Utrecht University, the Netherlands, were examined after a normal night of sleep (without previous day alcohol consumption). Previous night sleep quality was assessed using the Groningen Sleep Quality Scale. Daytime sleepiness was assessed with the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and single item ratings (0, absent, to 10, extreme) of sleepiness and being tired. In addition, the Fatigue-Inertia subscale of the Dutch version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) scale was completed. Saliva was collected to determine cytokine concentrations of GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. Sleepiness related outcomes were associated with cytokine levels using nonparametric Spearman correlations. A total of N=36 healthy subjects completed the study (38.9% men). Mean (SD) age was 21.1 (1.8) years of age. No significant correlation was found between saliva cytokine concentrations and previous night sleep quality. Total sleep time correlated significantly with TNF-α (r=-0.339, p=0.043). POMS Fatigue-Inertia scores were significantly correlated with IFN-γ (r= 0.554, p= 0.000) and IL-2 (r= 0.485, p= 0.003). KSS scores were significantly correlated with IFN-γ (r= 0.489, p= 0.002), IL-2 (r= 0.471, p= 0.004), and TNF-α (r=0.368, p=0.027). The single item sleepiness ratings were significantly correlated with IFN-γ (r= 0.373, p= 0.025) and IL-2 (r= 0.353, p= 0.035). The single item being tired ratings were significantly correlated with IFN-γ (r= 0.448, p= 0.006) and IL-2 (r= 0.396, p= 0.017). Correlations with other cytokine concentrations did not reach significance. A significant association was observed between saliva concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α) and daytime outcomes of sleepiness. This study confirms previous findings that, also in healthy young adults, daytime sleepiness and immune functioning are interrelated. This study was funded by Utrecht University.
Pro- and anti-inflammatory responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages (2017)

The ability of bacteriophages to kill bacteria is well known, as is their potential use as alternatives to antibiotics. As such, bacteriophages reach high doses locally through infection of their bacterial host in the human body. In this study we assessed the gene expression profile of peripheral blood monocytes from six donors for twelve immunity-related genes (i.e. CD14, CXCL1, CXCL5, IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, IL6, IL10, LYZ, SOCS3, TGFBI and TNFA) induced by Staphylococcus aureus phage ISP and four Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages (i.e. PNM, LUZ19, 14-1 and GE-vB_Pae-Kakheti25). The phages were able to induce clear and reproducible immune responses. Moreover, the overall immune response was very comparable for all five phages: down-regulation of LYZ and TGFBI, and up-regulation of CXCL1, CXCL5, IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, IL6, SOCS3 and TNFA. The observed immune response was shown to be endotoxin-independent and predominantly anti-inflammatory. Addition of endotoxins to the highly purified phages did not cause an immune response comparable to the one induced by the (endotoxin containing) phage lysate. In addition, the use of an intermediate level of endotoxins tipped the immune response to a more anti-inflammatory response, i.e. up-regulation of IL1RN and a strongly reduced expression of CXCL1 and CXCL5.
DMDs for smart headlights (2014)

The primary goal of a vehicular headlight is to improve safety in low-light and poor weather conditions. The typical headlight however has very limited flexibility - switching between high and low beams, turning off beams toward the opposing lane or rotating the beam as the vehicle turns - and is not designed for all driving environments. Thus, despite decades of innovation in light source technology, more than half of the vehicular accidents still happen at night even with much less traffic on the road. We will describe a new DMD-based design for a headlight that can be programmed to perform several tasks simultaneously and that can sense, react and adapt quickly to any environment with the goal of increasing safety for all drivers on the road. For example, we will be able to drive with high-beams without glaring any other driver and we will be able to see better during rain and snowstorms when the road is most treacherous to drive. The headlight can also increase contrast of lanes, markings and sidewalks and can alert drivers to sudden obstacles. In this talk, we will lay out the engineering challenges in building this headlight and share our experiences with the prototypes developed over the past two years.
Extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure level for Koreans by occupational code (2018)

This study attempted to identify the level of exposure of 350 subjects to the extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF). The occupational group showed significantly high levels of ELF-MF in every exposure indicator during work and transportation (p < 0.05). About 11% and 6% of the members of the occupational group were exposed to over 2 mG and 4 mG, respectively, of ELF-MF during ''all'' activities. The 24-h ELF-MF exposure levels of the subjects in both groups were analyzed. In the occupational group, for every activity, the percentile for less than 2 mG corresponded to 100% of C-4 (agriculture), 95% of C-1 (professional), 97% of C-2 (engineer, office/sales), 81% of C-3 (services), 85% of C-5 (technician, labor management), and 50% of C-6 (electrician). In the non-occupational group, the percentile for less than 2 mG corresponded to 92% of students, 83% of homemakers, 81% of the elderly, and 88% of the unemployed. The percentile for over 4 mG was 5% for students, homemakers, and the elderly and 13% of the unemployed. Electricians and the unemployed had the highest ELF-MF levels in both groups, respectively. Electricians were exposed to ELF-MF mostly at work, while the unemployed subjects were most affected by the activities classified under sleep and transportation. Keywords: ELF-MF, EMF, Exposure assessment, Occupational code, Occupational exposure
Spray flame dynamics with oscillating flow and droplet grouping (2011)

The co-flow laminar spray diffusion flame in an oscillating flow field is investigated. Mild slip is permitted between the droplets and their host surroundings and droplet grouping resulting from the host flow oscillations is accounted for. The spray is modelled using the sectional approach and a perturbation analysis using a small sectional Stokes number is utilised for solving the liquid phase governing equations. The effect of droplet grouping is described through a specially constructed model for the vaporisation Damkohler number. The large chemical Damkohler number assumption is adopted and a formal analytical solution is developed for Schwab-Zeldovitch parameters through which the dynamics of the spray flame front shapes and thermal fields are deduced. Computed results based on the solutions demonstrate how the phenomenon of droplet grouping can lead to the existence of multiple flame sheets as a result of the dynamic change in the type of the main homogeneous flame from under- to over-ventilated as the flow field oscillates. Concomitant fluctuating thermal fields are also shown to be present indicating a potential impact on undesirable pollutants production.