gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic data communication system for in-pipe wireless sensor networks (2006)

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.
Mitigation of losses from hydrodynamic mixing in a hydrogen bromine Laminar flow battery (2016)

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.
Proposal and Fabrication of Negative-Type Refractive Index Distribution Polymer Optical Fiber (2016)

In this paper, we propose a new type of graded index polymer optical fiber (GI-POF). Most of reported fibers have a convex-type refractive index distribution, where the refractive index is highest at the central axis and gradually decreases as it approaches the cladding region. The fiber presented in this research has a special refractive index distribution that is rarely found in any of the reported polymer optical fibers. We call its distribution ldquonegative refractive index distributionrdquo where the refractive index is lowest around the central axis and highest at the core-cladding boundary.

In this study, we first determined the transmission bandwidth property of the proposed fiber by ray trace simulation. It became clear that with an optimal refractive index distribution, these fibers could have the same transmission bandwidth as conventional refractive index distribution (convex) type fibers. 

Furthermore, we were able to show that the proposed fibers could realize easier connecting/branching than conventional fibers because its light intensity becomes highest near the core-cladding boundary. This is verified by simulation of optical branching. These fibers have potential for practical applications such as in high-sensitivity sensors. In addition, when negative refractive index distribution type polymer optical fiber is uniformly excited at incident surface, it is likely that bending loss will not occur because more of the lower-order modes are excited than the higher-order modes. 

In this study, we succeeded in actual fabrication of negative refractive index distribution type polymer optical fibers. This fiber is fabricated by two independent means, namely, multi-step interfacial gel polymerization technique and UV-assisted frontal polymerization technique. We measured its refractive index distribution and how much its transmission pulse widened. When pulsed light with full width at half maximum of 140 ps was transmitted for 4.7 m, the pulse widened to 142 ps. This verifies that its band property is sufficient for practical use in short-distance transmission.
The micropyle: a sperm guidance system in teleost fertilization (1990)

The micropylar region of the Rosy barb, Barbus conchonius, egg consists of 7-10 grooves and ridges, which drain directly into a funnel-shaped vestibule, the only point on the chorion through which sperm-egg contact is achieved during fertilization. Results of time-lapse video microscope study and computer-aided analysis of sperm motility pattern in the micropylar region showed that the fertilizing sperm, usually the first to enter the micropylar region, always travelled preferentially along the grooves into the micropylar pit. Subsequently, 86% of sperm arriving the micropylar region within 30 s travelled preferentially along the grooves into the immediate vicinity of the micropylar pit. The sperm guidance role of the micropylar region was calculated to enhance chances of egg penetration/fertilization by as much as 99.7% once sperm were within the micropylar region, possibly in response to some form of chemo-attractant(s) from the egg. Sperm agglutination post-fertilization was also found to occur preferentially along the grooves. Results of our in vitro fertilization experiments showed association between point of sperm entry and blastodisc formation: the blastodisc formed directly beneath the micropyle in all undisturbed eggs.
Protein Encapsulation via Porous CaCO3 Microparticles Templating (2004)

Porous microparticles of calcium carbonate with an average diameter of 4.75 microm were prepared and used for protein encapsulation in polymer-filled microcapsules by means of electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly (ELbL). Loading of macromolecules in porous CaCO3 particles is affected by their molecular weight due to diffusion-limited permeation inside the particles and also by the affinity to the carbonate surface. Adsorption of various proteins and dextran was examined as a function of pH and was found to be dependent both on the charge of the microparticles and macromolecules. The electrostatic effect was shown to govern this interaction. This paper discusses the factors which can influence the adsorption capacity of proteins. A new way of protein encapsulation in polyelectrolyte microcapsules is proposed exploiting the porous, biocompatible, and decomposable microparticles from CaCO3. It consists of protein adsorption in the pores of the microparticles followed by ELbL of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and further core dissolution. This resulted in formation of polyelectrolyte-filled capsules with protein incorporated in interpenetrating polyelectrolyte network. The properties of CaCO3 microparticles and capsules prepared were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, microelectrophoresis, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Lactalbumin was encapsulated by means of the proposed technique yielding a content of 0.6 pg protein per microcapsule. Horseradish peroxidase saves 37% of activity after encapsulation. However, the thermostability of the enzyme was improved by encapsulation. The results demonstrate that porous CaCO3 microparticles can be applied as microtemplates for encapsulation of proteins into polyelectrolyte capsules at neutral pH as an optimal medium for a variety of bioactive material, which can also be encapsulated by the proposed method. Microcapsules filled with encapsulated material may find applications in the field of biotechnology, biochemistry, and medicine.
Materiomics using synthetic materials: metals, cements, covalent polymers and supramolecular systems (2013)

To screen biomaterials in a materiomics approach, libraries of materials are produced. Different materials are used, varying from metals and cements, to covalent polymers that can be either premixed or polymerized in situ, to supramolecular systems that can be applied in a modular approach. This chapter describes the generation of such libraries using different kinds of materials and chemistries. Additionally, the advantages and limitations of the application of these different systems/biomaterials in a materiomics approach are discussed. Different synthetic biomaterials are used for many biomedical applications, varying from metals and ceramic cements, to polymers and supramolecular systems. To screen these biomaterials in a materiomics approach, as said above, libraries of materials are produced. Variations in biomaterials are screened as continuous gradients or in a discrete fashion. The properties that are varied and methods used to create variation within these libraries depend on the type of biomaterial. For the hard metal and ceramic-based biomaterials, the surface interaction with tissue is the property of most interest, and therefore properties such as surface roughness and topography are varied. Covalent polymers are diversified using combinatorial chemistry. The dynamic and self-assembling nature of supramolecular systems allows for the development of material libraries using a modular approach by mixing and matching of different compounds modified with supramolecular moieties.
Efficacy and Safety of "Tension-free" Placement of Gynemesh PS for the Treatment of Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse (2010)

Trans-vaginal repair using a Gynemesh™ PS is a feasible and effective procedure for the treatment of AVWP with no significant complications.
Development of a Robust Direct Binding Assay for Phospholipid‐Sensing NR5A Nuclear Receptors (2019)

The human NR5A nuclear receptors, steroidogenic factor‐1 (SF‐1, NR5A1) and liver receptor homolog‐1 (LRH‐1, NR5A2), are phospholipid‐sensing regulators of steroidogenesis, development, and metabolism. Their control of such diverse biological processes renders them attractive pharmacological targets for the treatment of several cancers and metabolic diseases such as obesity, type II diabetes, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the evaluation of candidate endogenous ligands and the development of small molecule modulators have been hindered by the lack of a robust direct binding assay. Using a structure‐guided approach, we recently developed a potent NR5A agonist (EC 50 of 15 nM) targeting the ligand‐binding pocket. We have leveraged this molecule to create a high‐affinity fluorescent probe that binds SF‐1 and LRH‐1 with affinites of 12 nM and 1 nM, respectively. This probe has enabled the creation of a fluorescence polarization (FP)‐based competition assay suitable for both synthetic small molecules and mammalian phospholipids. FP is solution‐based, allowing proteins to retain their native conformation, and the competition format of the assay ensures that binding will only be detected in the ligand‐binding pocket. We have found that for a set of 25 LRH‐1 agonists derived from the previously‐reported RJW100 scaffold, affinities determined by FP correlate with potencies in a luciferase reporter assay, suggesting that in vitro binding affinity may be predictive of in‐cell activity for this class of molecule. Moreover, binding affinities reported for other NR5A agonists harboring different chemical scaffolds agree with our FP‐based measurements. Finally, we show that the previously‐reported dilauroylphosphatidylcholine agonist binds LRH‐1 with a K i of 80 nM, suggesting that this assay may be used to evaluate candidate endogenous ligands for these receptors. Support or Funding Information R01 DK115213 02EHD has additional support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and the Emory University NIH‐5T32GM008367‐27. SGM has additional support from F31 DK111171 03. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
The effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 on glycosaminoglycan production by human marrow cultures. (1990)

We have assayed the effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), a potent modulator of hematopoiesis, on glycosaminoglycan production in human marrow cultures. Glycosaminoglycans are a component of the extracellular matrix known to affect cell growth and differentiation. TGF-beta 1 and [35S]sulfate were added simultaneously to hematopoietically active human marrow cultures, and radiolabeled glycosaminoglycan production was determined by cetylpyridinium chloride precipitation. TGF-beta 1 at 15 ng/ml for 72 h increased [35S]sulfate incorporation into media glycosaminoglycans to 190% of control levels but did not affect the [35S]sulfate incorporation into cell-associated glycosaminoglycans. Approximately 90% of the glycosaminoglycans in the media fraction and 85% of the glycosaminoglycans in the cell-associated fraction were susceptible to degradation by chondroitin ABCase in both treated and control cultures. Pulse-chase experiments suggested that the increase in glycosaminoglycan [35S]sulfate incorporation was not due to decreased glycosaminoglycan degradation. This concentration of TGF-beta 1 did not alter nonadherent granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) number per flask but significantly decreased the more primitive adherent CFU-GM number per flask (by 50%-70%). These data suggest that the ability of TGF-beta 1 to modulate hematopoiesis may be due, in part, to its effects on glycosaminoglycan production.
A special shear method of alignment for smectic liquid crystals (1988)

Abstract A special shear method is presented for the planar alignment of smectic liquid crystals. The shear was applied at the isotropic‐smectic A or cholesteric‐smectic A phase transition temperature, when the “batonnets” floated freely in the isotropic or cholesteric fluid. This type of shearing provided good alignment in the broad range of sample thickness (up to 100 μm) with monodomain areas of about one square centimeter.
Targeted designed variants of alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) attenuate cartilage degeneration in a rat model of osteoarthritis induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (2017)

The targeted variants of A2M have a chondroprotective effect similar to wt-A2M. However, A2M-108 variant has enhanced function to attenuate cartilage degeneration compared with wt-A2M.
Gene therapy: a primer for radiologists. (1998)

Gene therapy is one of the most rapidly evolving areas in medicine. Radiologists should have an understanding of basic techniques used to identify and clone a gene and insert it into a vector capable of directing expression in mammalian tissues. DNA delivery systems include retroviral vectors (RNA viruses), adenoviral vectors (DNA viruses), and cationic liposomes, along with strategies that involve ultrasound-directed gene transfer, computed tomography-guided gene transfer, and transcatheter gene delivery, in particular via the hepatic artery. Genes being evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials include oncogenes, antioncogenes (tumor suppressor genes), suicide genes, conventional antimetabolites, antiangiogenesis factors, secreted immunostimulatory cytokines such as interleukins and interferons, and immunomodulatory cell surface proteins, including foreign HLA proteins and costimulatory molecules. A foundation in molecular biology is needed for the practicing radiologist interested in but unfamiliar with current gene therapy terminology and experimental strategies. Such a foundation will encourage the dissemination of basic biologic, diagnostic imaging, and interventional oncoradiologic developments and should facilitate integration of the radiologist into the gene therapy team.
Reduced Clostridioides difficile Tests Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Through a Diagnostic Stewardship Bundled Intervention (2019)

BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a frequent complication of solid organ transplantation, especially in the early post-transplantation period. Overdiagnosis of CDI is likely common in hospitals using nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT), potentially leading to unnecessary iatrogenesis and cost. Recently, multiple studies have shown that computerized clinical decision support (CCDS)-based interventions can significantly reduce inappropriate C. difficile testing and healthcare facility-onset CDI events across hospitals and health systems. We aimed to determine if a CCDS-based intervention could reduce C. difficile testing and surveillance infection events among recent solid organ transplant recipients, a population at high risk for CDI. We also sought to determine the safety of the CCDS intervention. MATERIAL AND METHODS Quasi-experimental census-adjusted interrupted time-series analyses were performed retrospectively to examine testing and CDI events pre- and post-intervention. Mortality and readmissions rates were also examined. RESULTS A significant 33% relative reduction in tests and a nonsignificant trend towards fewer CDI events were observed following the intervention, without significant differences in mortality or 30-day readmission. A review of patients with positive C. difficile NAATs after prevented tests revealed no specific adverse events attributable to a possible delay in CDI diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS CCDS may be a helpful and safe adjunctive strategy to reduce unnecessary testing in accordance with guideline recommendations among solid organ transplant recipients.
A two-qudit operation on a 256-dimensional Hilbert space (2019)

By encoding two 16-dimensional qudits in the time and frequency degrees of freedom of a heralded single photon, we realize a deterministic photonic two-qudit SUM gate operating on a 256-dimensional Hilbert space.
Comparison of auralisation results betwee measurements and simulations of line arrays with high resolution modeling data (2008)

In a concert hall a direct comparison of several line arrays for a new sound system has been made. At different locations the binaural impulse response has been measured and used for auralisation. In a computer model of the hall the measured line array was implemented. The single array sources have been modeled in different modes like far-field cluster, simple module array or as a high-resolution loudspeaker array. By means of the new developed SpeakerLab Module these source simulators have been created and afterwards used to calculate binaural impulse responses at the corresponding seats equal to the measurements. After that an auralisation routine has been used. The results are compared for the different degrees of source resolution and with the measurements. Beside acoustic measures the subjective sound quality of the different auralisation results is reported.
2-(1-Phenylsulfonyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1,2-dihydronaphthalen-1-ol (2006)

In the title mol­ecule, C24H19NO3S, the dihedral angles formed by the essentially planar indole group with the benzene ring of the naphthalen-1-ol group and the phenyl ring of the benzene­sulfonyl group are 77.64 (8) and 70.56 (7)°, respectively, giving rise to a U-shaped mol­ecule. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked to form centrosymmetric dimers via weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (H⋯O = 2.43 Å). These dimers are, in turn, linked into extended tapes via inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds [H⋯O = 2.00 (3) Å].
Electron spin resonance evidence for the structure of a switching oxide trap: Long term structural change at silicon dangling bond sites in SiO2 (1995)

We provide direct and unambiguous experimental spectroscopic evidence for the structure of a switching oxide trap in thermally grown SiO2 gate oxides on Si. Switching oxide traps can ‘‘switch’’ charge state in response to changes in the voltage applied to the gate of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. Electron spin resonance measurements reveal that some Eγ′ centers (a hole trapped at an oxygen vacancy) can behave as switching oxide traps.
Color factors influencing larval settlement of barnacles, Balanus amphitrite subspp. (1980)

Influence of the color of substrata on the settlement of cyprid larvae of barnacles, Balanus amphitrite subspp., was studied using larva collecting plates colored with paints of four different luminosities in each of four different hues: red, yellow, green, and blue. It was revealed that the cyprids discriminate between luminosities in each hue and respond differently to given luminosities, either being attracted by lower luminosities or escaping from higher luminosities, indicating an important role of negative phototaxis in larval settlement. However, the sensitivity of the cyprids to light stimuli differs between regions of the spectrum; the cyprids are far more sensitive to green than to red, and green discourages their settlement at much lower luminosity levels than red does.
Transcriptomic and physiological responses to fishmeal substitution with plant proteins in formulated feed in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (2012)

The PP diet resulted in significant effects on transcription in all the 3 tissues studied. Despite of these alterations, we demonstrated that high level of plant derived proteins in a salmon diet allowed fish to grow with equal efficiency as those on a high marine protein diet, and with no difference in biometric quality parameters.
Bend the Coin Your Way: Ligand Design and Main Group Element Chemistry (2001)

International audience
Snap‐Through and Bifurcation in a Simple Structure (1985)

Basic characteristics associated with snap‐through, bifurcation and post‐buckling behavior of structures are illuminated and clarified. This is accomplished by presenting and examining in detail exact closed‐form global solutions for the load‐deflection response of a simple two‐bar planar truss. Three loading conditions are considered: vertical (symmetric), horizontal (anti‐symmetric) and combined vertical‐horizontal loadings. The symmetric loading case is well‐known and has been widely used as a bench mark problem for comparison of numerical solution algorithms. The two‐bar planar truss considered involves standard structural and material behavior models which are incorporated in many structural analysis codes, and it can be made to mimic a wide‐variety of types of behavior. Concrete examples of behavior which could cause computational difficulties in the numerical analysis of more complex structural models are valuable in the process of developing and improving solution algorithms for nonlinear structural analysis.
Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring Real‐Time Processes in the Pharmaceutical Industry (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction A Brief History of Raman Spectroscopy Basic Theory of Raman Spectroscopy General Instrumentation for Raman Spectroscopy The Choice—Dispersive or FT? Process Analysis and PAT Why Choose Raman as a PAT Tool? The Need for Raman Data Analysis Applications Conclusions References
Population Genetics of the Eastern OysterCrassostrea virginica(Gmelin, 1791) in the Gulf of Mexico (2009)

Genetic variation in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) collected from 13 sites in the Gulf of Mexico was examined using a combination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing, mtDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and nuclear single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Both mitochondrial and nuclear markers showed significant differentiation among samples. Combined with previous allozyme and microsatellite data, these results indicate considerable population subdivision throughout the Gulf of Mexico, despite the potentially homogenizing effect of larval dispersal.
Stripe stacker for use with laser diode bars (1995)

An optical device that reconfigures the output of a laser diode bar source to a more compact pointlike format is described. The design is an adaptation of image slicers used for many years in astronomical spectroscopy and has the advantages of simple construction and high efficiency.
A wideband radial substrate integrated power divider at K-band (2015)

A wideband 1:7 radial power divider for operation at K-band is proposed. The divider features a radial substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity enclosed in a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) as well as microstrip matching structures and feed-lines on the top and bottom layers. The divider is designed using standard high-frequency substrate. Including the outer vias, the divider cavity has a diameter of about 7 mm. Thus a compact design is achieved. Measurement and simulation results are presented. The measured -10 dB reflection bandwidth of the divider is 9 GHz or 45% with a center frequency of 20 GHz.
Using the Milliken Moment Method and dynamic simulation to evaluate vehicle stability and controllability (2008)

The Milliken Moment Method (MMM) effectively organises kinematically constrained vehicle test results. The authors present a method for evaluating vehicle handling; assessing the overall performance capability with the MMM then using the closed-loop dynamic simulation to determine how much of that performance is used for a real manoeuvre. By mapping the simulation data onto the yaw moment-lateral acceleration diagram from the MMM, this method explicitly quantifies the tradeoff between vehicle controllability and stability. Results from a design case study and comparison of the stability measure to phase plane analysis are presented and show the potential efficacy of the proposed approach.