gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radar measurement of ionospheric scintillation in the polar region (2011)

Electromagnetic signals propagating in the ionosphere can exhibit rapid variation in amplitude and phase, referred to as scintillation. UHF radars that operate in the polar region can experience scintillation anytime of the day or night, particularly in the winters around solar maximum. Unless accounted for, scintillation is likely to disturb many radar functions, especially those that rely on the measurement of radar cross section. This paper discusses several estimators, based on radar track data, of the S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> scintillation index that characterize the severity of amplitude scintillation. Estimates of S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> are based on data (referred to as radar returns) obtained during track of targets which may have intrinsic RCS fluctuations. Key to this work is the consideration of thresholding, which is used in many radars to remove (from further processing) signals whose signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is considered too low. For example, in the early warning radar (EWR) located at Thule, the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio on every return is compared to a threshold before the return is applied in additional radar processing (track acquisition, track, etc.). Returns below threshold are discarded from further processing. We consider several estimators here. The direct estimator attempts to estimate the scintillation index through the direct calculation of the mean and standard deviation of the RCS from a number of radar returns. The maximum likelihood estimator uses multiple hypothesis testing to estimate the scintillation index that best fits the radar returns from some number of pulses. This estimator assumes that the statistics of the scintillation are well represented by the Nakagami-m distribution and uses a count of the number of pulses transmitted and the number of returns above threshold. Based on this work, we developed a modified maximum likelihood estimator with no pulse counter. We applied the modified estimator to several years of radar tracks in the polar region to obtain the statistics of UHF scintillation as viewed from the EWR at Thule, Greenland. One-way S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> was measured from five thousand horizon-to-horizon tracks of large calibration satellites during a two-year period after solar maximum in May 2000. The data is analyzed to quantify the exceedance, or the level of scintillation experienced at various probabilities.
Distributed Feedback Fiber Laser Employing Brillouin Gain (2012)

A single frequency distributed feedback Brillouin fiber laser exhibiting a threshold of 30 mW, and pump-to-Stokes conversion efficiency of 27% is shown. The Brillouin laser operates over a pump frequency detuning range exceeding 1 GHz.
Efficient Aryl–(Hetero)Aryl Coupling by Activation of CCl and CF Bonds Using Nickel Complexes of Air‐Stable Phosphine Oxides (2005)

A couple of couplings: Air-stable diamino- and dioxophosphine oxides are used as preligands in the nickel-catalyzed Kumada cross-coupling reactions of aryl Grignard reagents. A sterically hindered preligand allows for highly efficient cross-coupling of aryl fluorides at ambient temperature (acac=acetylacetonate). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z501860_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Acid Red 137: A New Selective Stain for Eosinophils in Smears and Tissue Sections (1989)

AbstractWhen the anionic dye acid red 137 (CI 17755) was applied to B-5 formalin fixed smears or tissues after clearing of the specimen in Lugol's solution and sodium thiosulfate, granules of eosinophils stained bright red orange. Most other cells stained pale cream color or not at all. Used as a selective stain for eosinophils, the stain holds promise as a means for quantitating eosinophils in urinary sediments, lymph node and bone marrow biopsies, as well as tissues such as liver, lung, gallbladder, and urinary bladder. (The J Histotechnol 12:29, 1989.)Keywords: acid red 137eosinophilsgranules
Advances in and applications of imaging and radiomics in head and neck cancer survivorship (2023)

There is demonstrated potential in the use of novel imaging techniques, to help better understand pathophysiology, and improve assessment and treatment of functional deficits following HNC treatment. As larger studies emerge, technologies continue to progress, and pathways to clinical translation are honed, the application of these methods offers an exciting opportunity to transform clinical practices and improve outcomes for HNC survivors.
Mechanism of Composition Change in Sputter Deposition of Barium Ferrite Films with sputtering Gas Pressure (1998)

In this study, we used computer simulation to investigate changes in the composition of hexagonal barium ferrite films with sputtering gas pressure obtained by the sputter-deposition processes. The iron content in the film deposited by facing target sputtering increased as the sputtering gas pressure increased and reached a maximum value at a certain gas pressure. These changes in the film composition were explained as follows: sputtered particles scatter when they collide with sputtering gas atoms, and this scattering changes the ratio of the particles reaching the substrate. When the substrate was located to the side of the target, as in a facing target sputtering system, this scattering resulted in an increase in the amount of sputtered particles arriving at the substrate, although too much scattering caused the amount to decrease. When a magnetron sputtering system is used for the film preparation, this gas scattering leads to a decrease in the amount of sputtered particles arriving at the substrate w...
Growth effects of α‐interferon but not of bombesin or angiotensin II are mediated by activation of STAT proteins (1998)

Interferon alpha-stimulated growth inhibition is mediated by activation of the Jak/STAT pathway, whereas bombesin or AT1A receptor-mediated effects on cellular proliferation do not involve phosphorylation of STAT proteins.
A Graph-Based Framework to Bridge Movies and Synopses (2019)

Inspired by the remarkable advances in video analytics, research teams are stepping towards a greater ambition -- movie understanding. However, compared to those activity videos in conventional datasets, movies are significantly different. Generally, movies are much longer and consist of much richer temporal structures. More importantly, the interactions among characters play a central role in expressing the underlying story. To facilitate the efforts along this direction, we construct a dataset called Movie Synopses Associations (MSA) over 327 movies, which provides a synopsis for each movie, together with annotated associations between synopsis paragraphs and movie segments. On top of this dataset, we develop a framework to perform matching between movie segments and synopsis paragraphs. This framework integrates different aspects of a movie, including event dynamics and character interactions, and allows them to be matched with parsed paragraphs, based on a graph-based formulation. Our study shows that the proposed framework remarkably improves the matching accuracy over conventional feature-based methods. It also reveals the importance of narrative structures and character interactions in movie understanding.
THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE LABIAL MUCOUS SALIVARY GLAND IN PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS (1964)

Biopsy of the labial mucous salivary gland provides a microscopic observation of the typical acquired pathology of the mucous glands in patients with cystic fibrosis. It is potentially a powerful test in the diagnosis of the disease and may be more valuable than the duodenal aspiration test of pancreatic insufficiency in discriminating patients with cystic fibrosis from patients who have other diseases with similar symptoms.
Rapid and Simultaneous Approximations of Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density and Net Photosynthetic Rate in a Cherry Tree Canopy by Thermal Imaging (2005)

On calm days throughout the growing season, much data on photosynthetic photon flux density at leaf surface (PPFD) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of individual ‘Napoleon’ cherry leaves were collected along with several meteorological elements. From these data, two multiple regression formulas were derived: one, to estimate PPFD using leaf and air temperatures as the explanatory variables, two, to estimate Pn using the two temperatures, PPFD, number of days after full bloom of experimental date and time difference between noon and experimental hour. Our system combined these formulas with the data derived from the thermal images of layers in the foliar canopy. The images were obtained from a portable, non-cooling thermographic equipment. By this procedure, the approximations of both PPFD and Pn of pixel unit were possible. By a note-type personal computer, calculations of the two values and displays of these distribution images on the screen were made quickly.
Effect of chemical modification of recombinant human acetylcholinesterase by polyethylene glycol on its circulatory longevity (2001)

Post-translational modifications were recently shown to be responsible for the short circulatory mean residence time (MRT) of recombinant human acetylcholinesterase (rHuAChE) [Kronman, Velan, Marcus, Ordentlich, Reuveny and Shafferman (1995) Biochem. J. 311, 959--967; Chitlaru, Kronman, Zeevi, Kam, Harel, Ordentlich, Velan and Shafferman (1998) Biochem. J. 336, 647--658; Chitlaru, Kronman, Velan and Shafferman (2001) Biochem. J. 354, 613--625], which is one of the major obstacles to the fulfilment of its therapeutic potential as a bioscavenger. In the present study we demonstrate that the MRT of rHuAChE can be significantly increased by the controlled attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) side chains to lysine residues. Attachment of as many as four PEG molecules to monomeric rHuAChE had minimal effects, if any, on either the catalytic activity (K(m)=0.09 mM and k(cat)=3.9 x 10(5) min(-1)) or the reactivity of the modified enzyme towards active-centre inhibitors, such as edrophonium and di-isopropyl fluorophosphate, or to peripheral-site ligands, such as propidium, BW284C51 and even the bulky snake-venom toxin fasciculin-II. The increase in MRT of the PEG-modified monomeric enzyme is linearly dependent, in the tested range, on the number of attached PEG molecules, as well as on their size. It appears that even low level PEG-conjugation can overcome the deleterious effect of under-sialylation on the pharmacokinetic performance of rHuAChE. At the highest tested ratio of attached PEG-20000/rHuAChE (4:1), an MRT of over 2100 min was attained, a value unmatched by any other known form of recombinant or native serum-derived AChE reported to date.
Natural killer cell and hepatic cell interaction via NKG2A leads to dendritic cell‐mediated induction of CD4+ CD25+ T cells with PD‐1‐dependent regulatory activities (2006)

Natural killer (NK) cells have the ability to control dendritic cell (DC)-mediated T cell responses. However, the precise mechanisms by which NK receptor-mediated regulation of NK cells determines the magnitude and direction of DC-mediated T cell responses remain unclear. In the present study, we applied an in vitro co-culture system to examine the impact of NK cells cultured with hepatic cells on DC induction of regulatory T cells. We found that interaction of NK cells and non-transformed hepatocytes (which express HLA-E) via the NKG2A inhibitory receptor resulted in priming of DCs to induce CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells with regulatory properties. NKG2A triggering led to characteristic changes of the cytokine milieu of co-cultured cells; an increase in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta involved in the generation of this specific type of DC, and a decrease in the tumour necrosis factor-alpha capable of antagonizing the effect of TGF-beta. The regulatory cells induced by NK cell-primed DCs exert their suppressive actions through a negative costimulator programmed death-1 (PD-1) mediated pathway, which differs from freshly isolated CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells. These findings provide new insight into the role of NK receptor signals in the DC-mediated induction of regulatory T cells.
Transformation of Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural by SiO2–MgCl2 Composite (2011)

Abstract 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (2a) was formed in a 70% yield by dehydration of glucose in MeCN at 140 °C in an autoclave using a composite of MgCl2 with silica gel which served as an acid catalyst under dry conditions. 10% and 32% yields of 2a were obtained from mannose and galactose, respectively.
Learning Distributional Parameters for Adaptive Bayesian Sparse Signal Recovery (2016)

Power Exponential Scale Mixture (PESM), a generalized scale mixture family of distributions, has been recently proposed to model the sparsity inducing prior distributions currently in use for Sparse Signal Recovery (SSR). In this paper, we review this generalized scale mixture family and establish the necessary and sufficient condition for a distribution (symmetric with respect to origin) to have a PESM representation, which is a generalization of the results previously known for the Gaussian Scale Mixture (GSM) family. On the algorithmic front, we propose an adaptive Bayesian Sparse Signal Recovery (B-SSR) framework by learning the distributional parameters of a Generalized t-distribution (GT) which belongs to the PESM family. For specific choice of distributional parameters of GT our proposed framework corresponds to popular sparse recovery algorithms such as, LASSO, Reweighted ,1 norm minimization, Reweighted ,2 norm minimization etc. The tail nature of GT distribution family is extensively studied in this paper and an adaptive algorithm has been proposed where the tail nature of the prior is adapted over iterations based on the observation. Extensive experimental results based on traditional SSR setup have also been presented to show the efficacy of this adaptive approach.
Computer Vision (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Frame Grabbers Image Processing Image Understanding
Cellulose organic solvents. I. The structures of anhydrous N-methylmorpholine N-oxide and N-methylmorpholine N-oxide monohydrate (1981)

International audience
The mechanical reliability of alumina scales and coatings (1996)

In many high-temperature fossil energy systems, corrosion and deleterious reactions with gases and condensable products in the operating environment often compromise materials performance. The presence of a stable surface oxide (either as thermally-grown scales or deposited coatings) can effectively protect the materials from these reactions if the oxides are slow-growing, dense and adherent to the substrate. The protection these brittle oxide films provide has long been a critical issue, particularly for applications involving severe high-temperature thermal cycles or very aggressive (for example, sulfidizing) environments. The various factors which control the scale/coating integrity and adherence are not well understood. The present multilaboratory collaborative work is intended to define the relationships between substrate characteristics (composition, microstructure, and mechanical behavior) and the structure and protective properties of deposited oxide coatings and/or thermally grown scales. Through such studies, the ultimate goal is to assure environmental protection through effective processing and materials selection leading to the development of corrosion-resistant, high-temperature materials for improved energy and environmental control systems.
Dynamic Collision Detection in Virtual Reality Applications (1999)

We present data structures and algorithms for dynamic collision detection in virtual reality (VR) applications. The methods are applicable to all general polygonal models. They combine the advantages of collision detection using bounding volume (BV) hierarchies with the ability to compute dynamic collision detection results. The results are used as input for further simulations, e.g. contact or dynamics simulation. First we present new methods to compute BV hierarchies using optimization goals which can also be used to improve known computation methods. Second we show how to integrate BV hierarchies into a process of dynamic collision detection, so that the bounding objects as well as the surface patches of the objects are tested for overlap during their motions. The performance of the techniques is shown by means of a tting simulation in the automotive industry. Keywords: dynamic collision detection, bounding volume hierarchies, tting simulation, virtual reality 1 Introd...
Colony-forming unit cell (CFU-C) assays at diagnosis: CFU-G/M cluster predicts overall survival in myelodysplastic syndrome patients independently of IPSS-R (2016)

These data suggest abnormalities of proliferation and differentiation of erythroid and myeloid precursor cells in vitro parallel the ineffective hematopoiesis typical of MDS and may be useful in predicting outcomes of persons with higher-risk MDS.
Number of intramuscular adipocytes and fatty acid binding protein-4 content are significant indicators of intramuscular fat level in crossbred Large White × Duroc pigs1 (2006)

Intramuscular fat content is generally associated with improved sensory quality and better acceptability of fresh pork. However, conclusive evidence is still lacking for the biological mechanisms underlying i.m. fat content variability in pigs. The current study aimed to determine whether variations in i.m. fat content of longissimus muscle are related to i.m. adipocyte cellularity, lipid metabolism, or contractile properties of the whole muscle. To this end, crossbred (Large White x Duroc) pigs exhibiting either a high (2.82 +/- 0.38%, HF) or a low (1.15 +/- 0.14%, LF) lipid content in LM biopsies at 70 kg of BW were further studied at 107 +/- 7 kg of BW. Animals grew at the same rate, but HF pigs at slaughter presented fatter carcasses than LF pigs (P = 0.04). The differences in i.m. fat content between the 2 groups were mostly explained by variation in i.m. adipocyte number (+127% in HF compared with LF groups, P = 0.005). Less difference (+13% in HF compared with LF groups, P = 0.057) was noted in adipocyte diameter, and no significant variation was detected in whole-muscle lipogenic enzyme activities (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, P = 0.9; malic enzyme, P = 0.35; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, P = 0.75), mRNA levels of sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1 (P = 0.6), or diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (P = 0.6). Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (FABP)-4 protein content in whole LM was 2-fold greater in HF pigs than in LF pigs (P = 0.05), and positive correlation coefficients were found between the FABP-4 protein level and adipocyte number (R2 = 0.47, P = 0.02) and lipid content (R2 = 0.58, P = 0.004). Conversely, there was no difference between groups relative to FABP-3 mRNA (P = 0.46) or protein (P = 0.56) levels, oxidative enzymatic activities (citrate synthase, P = 0.9; beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, P = 0.7), mitochondrial (P = 0.5) and peroxisomal (P = 0.12) oxidation rates of oleate, mRNA levels of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (carnitine-palmitoyl-transferase 1, P = 0.98; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, P = 0.73) or energy expenditure (uncoupling protein 2, P = 0.92; uncoupling protein 3, P = 0.84), or myosin heavy-chain mRNA proportions (P > 0.49). The current study suggests that FABP-4 protein content may be a valuable marker of lipid accretion in LM and that i.m. fat content and myofiber type composition can be manipulated independently.
Correlated motion dynamics of electron channels and domain walls in a ferroelectric-gate thin-film transistor consisting of a ZnO/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 stacked structure (2011)

We studied the switching dynamics of a ferroelectric-gate thin-film transistor (FeTFT) consisting entirely of oxide-based thin films: SrRuO3 (SRO: bottom-gate electrode), Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT: ferroelectric), and ZnO (semiconductor). We switched the FeTFT channel conductance by applying short pulses to the gate electrode. We found that the switching of a FeTFT was caused by the domain wall motion in a ferroelectric film. The polarization reversal starts from the region located under the source and drain electrodes and travels along the channel length direction. In addition, the domain wall velocity increases as the domain wall gets closer to the source and drain electrodes in a ferroelectric film. Therefore, a FeTFT has the scaling merit of fast operation speed.
ULTRAVIOLET‐C LIGHT PROCESSING OF GRAPE, CRANBERRY AND GRAPEFRUIT JUICES TO INACTIVATE SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (2008)

ABSTRACT Two “Infinity” liquid disinfection systems were coupled in a serial arrangement to assemble one Ultraviolet‐C disinfection unit. Two inner mercury lamps (intensity, 25 mW/cm 2 ) were used as germicidal sources. Pasteurized grape, cranberry and grapefruit juices, inoculate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were processed by Ultraviolet (UV) light at six flow rates (0.073–1.02 L/min) and six UV light doses (75–450 kJ/m 2 ). The first order kinetics modeling for S. cerevisiae inactivation proved that D uv values (i.e., ultraviolet decimal reduction time) ranged from 61.7 to 113.7 ( R 2 &gt; 0.900), 12.2 to 40.7 ( R 2 &gt; 0.930) and 12.5 to 20.7 ( R 2 &gt; 0.860) min for grape, cranberry and grapefruit juices, respectively. The maximum log reduction (cfu/mL) was 0.53, 2.51 and 2.42 for yeast count in grape, cranberry and grapefruit juices, respectively, after 30 min of UV light treatment at the maximum flow rate (1.02 L/min). The total color difference ( ΔE *) in the three fruit juices tested increased as UV light treatment time increased. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Ultraviolet (UV) light processing of liquid food products is an emerging nonthermal technology that can be used to treat liquid food products. Fruit juices and nectars used to be thermally treated to deliver microbiologically safe fruit products. However, thermal treatment can produce some sensory changes in fruit products. Changes such as caramelization of sugar may darken the food and consequently give a light bitter flavor to the product. Liquid fruit products can be UV light treated to obtain a commercially sterile product that is ready to drink. UV light processing equipment can be built in a serial arrangement to apply the dosage needed to obtain a microbiologically safe liquid fruit product with adequate sensory characteristics. An added advantage to UV processing is that compared to thermal treatment, less energy is required to obtain liquid food products similar to fresh products.
Wormlike Micelles as “Equilibrium Polyelectrolytes”:  Light and Neutron Scattering Experiments (2002)

We demonstrate that aqueous solutions of giant polymer-like nonionic micelles “doped” with small amounts of ionic surfactants serve as ideal model systems for “equilibrium polyelectrolytes”. We report systematic light and neutron scattering investigations of the effect of ionic strength, doping level, and total concentration on the static properties of dilute and semidilute micellar solutions. In dilute solutions, we observe a dramatic influence of (intramicellar) electrostatic interactions on the micellar flexibility, and the results are in close agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. We also analyze the effect of electrostatic contributions to intermicellar interactions and micellar growth. In the semidilute regime, strong long-range interactions between micelles occur at low ionic strength and induce liquidlike ordering, and the resulting structure factor peak exhibits the same concentration dependence as previously observed for polyelectrolytes.