gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiral Ruthenabicyclic Complexes: Precatalysts for Rapid, Enantioselective, and Wide-Scope Hydrogenation of Ketones (2011)

A novel ruthenabicyclic complex with base shows excellent catalytic activity in the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones. The turnover frequency of the hydrogenation of acetophenone reaches about 35,000 min(-1) in the best case, affording 1-phenylethanol in >99% ee. Several aliphatic and base-labile ketones are smoothly converted to the corresponding alcohols in high enantioselectivity. The catalytic cycle for this hydrogenation, in which the ruthenabicyclic structure of the catalyst is maintained, is proposed on the basis of the deuteration experiment and spectroscopic analysis data.
‘Noksu’, a New Late-Summer Season Pear Cultivar with High Fruit Quality and Green Skin (2008)

‘Noksu’ pear cultivar (Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta Nakai) originated from the cross between ‘Danbae’ and ‘Kosui’ in 1983 at Pear Experiment Station of National Horticultural Research Institute, Rural Development Administration, Korea. It was preliminarily selected in 1997 and named in 2005. The tree habit shows vigorous growth and upright spreading. It carries abundant pollen grains and shows cross compatibility with leading cultivars. Also it shows high resistance to black leaf spot (Alternaria kikuchiana) in the field condition. Optimum harvest time is around August 25, which is 5 days later than that of ‘Kosui’ in Naju area, and it could satisfy consumers’ curiosity by its green skin color. The oblate fruit shape resembles maternal parent ‘Danbae’ and skin color is green at normal harvesting time and gradually turns to yellowish green at full ripening state. Fruit weight is about 529 g, and the soluble solids content is 11.9°Brix. The flesh is soft and juicy and renders good eating quality. Shelf life of the fruit is about 10 days at ambient temperature.
Summary report of working group 6: Laser-plasma acceleration of ions (2017)

This is a summary of presentations and discussions in the “Laser-Plasma Acceleration of Ions” Working Group at the 2016 Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop. Presentations on various aspects of short pulse high intensity laser-driven ion acceleration in plasma are reviewed, and the status on acceleration mechanisms, targets, and diagnostics development are presented, along with future directions of research.
Carbon Nanowire Made of a Long Linear Carbon Chain Inserted Inside a Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (2003)

A new type of one-dimensional (1D) carbon structure, carbon nanowires (CNWs), was discovered in the cathode deposits prepared by hydrogen arc discharge evaporation of carbon rods. Observation of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) indicates that a CNW consists of a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) with a long 1D linear carbon chain (C chain) inserted into its innermost tube of 0.7 nm in diameter. The characteristic Raman peaks of CNWs appeared at around 1850 cm(-1). Raman scattering and HRTEM studies show the formation of a long linear C chain involving more than 100 carbon atoms inside a MWNT. This novel 1D carbon allotrope has potential applications in nanoelectronics, nanomechanics, and nanomaterials.
Endoplasmic reticulum quality control and systemic amyloid disease: Impacting protein stability from the inside out (2015)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for regulating proteome integrity throughout the secretory pathway. The ER protects downstream secretory environments such as the extracellular space by partitioning proteins between ER protein folding, trafficking, and degradation pathways in a process called ER quality control. In this process, ER quality control factors identify misfolded, aggregation-prone protein conformations and direct them toward ER protein folding or degradation, reducing their secretion to the extracellular space where they could further misfold or aggregate into proteotoxic conformations. Despite the general efficiency of ER quality control, many human diseases, such as the systemic amyloidoses, involve aggregation of destabilized, aggregation-prone proteins in the extracellular space. A common feature for all systemic amyloid diseases is the ability for amyloidogenic proteins to evade ER quality control and be efficiently secreted. The efficient secretion of these amyloidogenic proteins increases their serum concentrations available for the distal proteotoxic aggregation characteristic of these diseases. This indicates that ER quality control, and the regulation thereof, is a critical determinant in defining the onset and pathology of systemic amyloid diseases. Here, we discuss the pathologic and potential therapeutic relationship between ER quality control, protein secretion, and distal deposition of amyloidogenic proteins involved in systemic amyloid diseases. Furthermore, we present evidence that the unfolded protein response, the stress-responsive signaling pathway that regulates ER quality control, is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic amyloid diseases and represents a promising emerging therapeutic target to intervene in this class of human disease.
Substrate‐Induced Crystal Plastic Phase of a Discotic Liquid Crystal (2011)

A new phase of a known discotic liquid crystal is observed at the interface with a rigid substrate. The structure of the substrate-induced phase has been characterized by atomic force microscopy, specular X-ray diffraction, and small-angle and wide-angle grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. The substrate-induced phase, which has a thickness of ∼30 nm and a tetragonal symmetry, differs notably from the bulk phase. The occurrence of such phase casts a new light on alignment of discotic liquid crystals. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Estimation of Freezing Point Depression, Boiling Point Elevation, and Vaporization Enthalpies of Electrolyte Solutions (2009)

A novel approach is presented in this work for predicting the values of freezing point depression and boiling point elevation for electrolyte solutions at different concentrations on the basis of the Pitzer theories. This method treats the enthalpy change of the solution between the normal freezing point or boiling point and the real ones to be linear temperature dependence. Compared with the literature values, this method performs very well; also, the temperature-dependent parameters of some salts are incorporated to investigate temperature effects of this method. Furthermore, a method based on the Clausius−Clapeyron equation is derived for estimation of the enthalpy of vaporization of very high concentration solutions at different temperatures, and the predicted results are highly positive.
Deployment of a Smart and Predictive Maintenance System in an Industrial Case Study (2020)

Industrial manufacturing environments are often characterized as being stochastic, dynamic and chaotic, being crucial the implementation of proper maintenance strategies to ensure the production efficiency, since the machines' breakdown leads to a degradation of the system performance, causing the loss of productivity and business opportunities. In this context, the use of emergent ICT technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning and augmented reality, allows to develop smart and predictive maintenance systems, contributing for the reduction of unplanned machines' downtime by predicting possible failures and recovering faster when they occur. This paper describes the deployment of a smart and predictive maintenance system in an industrial case study, that considers IoT and machine learning technologies to support the online and real-time data collection and analysis for the earlier detection of machine failures, allowing the visualization, monitoring and schedule of maintenance interventions to mitigate the occurrence of such failures. The deployed system also integrates machine learning and augmented reality technologies to support the technicians during the execution of maintenance interventions.
The Theory and Practice of Modem Design (1988)

Modem Marketing Base-Band Transmission Pass-Band Transmission and Modulation Methods Receiver Strategies and Components Carrier Recovery Timing Recovery Linear Adaptive Equalizers Nonlinear Equalizers Coding Used for Forward-Acting Error Correction Full-Duplex Operation The Ancillary Functions Needed to Make a Full Data Set.
Good Clinical Practice ( GCP ) (2005)

Abstract Good Clinical Practices (GCPs) are international ethical and quality standards for the design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, analysis, recording, reporting, and regulation of clinical investigations. Clinical investigations are experiments in which a medical product such as a drug is administered or dispensed to, or used involving, one or more human subjects. These standards provide assurance that the rights and confidentiality of the trial subjects are protected and that the data and reported results are credible and accurate.
Treatment of Nuclear Data Covariance Information in Sample Generation (2017)

This report summarizes a NEAMS (Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation) project focused on developing a sampling capability that can handle the challenges of generating samples from nuclear cross-section data. The covariance information between energy groups tends to be very ill-conditioned and thus poses a problem using traditional methods for generated correlated samples. This report outlines a method that addresses the sample generation from cross-section matrices.
System Design Description and Requirements for Modeling the Off-Gas Systems for Fuel Recycling Facilities (2010)

This document provides descriptions of the off-gases evolved during spent nuclear fuel processing and the systems used to capture the gases of concern. Two reprocessing techniques are discussed, namely aqueous separations and electrochemical (pyrochemical) processing. The unit operations associated with each process are described in enough detail so that computer models to mimic their behavior can be developed. The document also lists the general requirements for the desired computer models.
Physically based rain estimation using polarimetric radar measurements (2003)

Polarimetric radar has been successful in characterizing cloud and precipitation. Polarization parameters such as radar reflectivity (Z), differential reflectivity (Z<sub>DR</sub>), linear reflectivity difference (Z<sub>DP</sub>), and specific differential propagation phase shift (K<sub>DP</sub>) provide more information about precipitation and allow better characterization of hydrometeors, accurate rain rate estimation, and retrieval of rain drop size distribution (DSD). In the past, rain rate (R) estimation from S-Pol was based on empirical models such as Z-R, R (Z, Z<sub>DR</sub>) and R (K<sub>DP</sub>) relations, which were derived from regression analyses of radar and rain gauge measurements or numerical simulations, and are prone to errors. In this paper, we derive various rain estimators using a physically-based raindrop size distribution (DSD) model: constrained Gamma DSD. The constrain condition, the shape-slope relation in Gamma DSD, is derived from video-disdrometer observations and has been shown to represent a physical nature of rain and useful in rain DSD retrievals from remote measurements. The relation is then used to retrieve rain DSDs from two remote measurements and t derive rain estimators from polarimetric radar measurements. The derived rain estimators are then used to retrieve rain parameters from S-pol measurements. The results are also verified and compared with ground measurements.
Ferumoxytol for treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (2009)

Ferumoxytol offers substantial safety and superior efficacy compared with oral iron therapy. As ferumoxytol can be administered as 510 mg in < 1 min, it is substantially more convenient than other iron products in nondialysis patients. Although further experience with this product is needed in patients at higher risk of drug reactions, ferumoxytol is likely to be highly useful in the hospital and outpatient settings for treatment of IDA.
Ultra-short-acting beta-blockade: A comparison with conventional beta-blockade (1985)

Esmolol is a beta 1-selective adrenoceptor blocker that is rapidly metabolized by blood and liver esterases. The beta-receptor and hemodynamic effects of esmolol were determined in a group of 12 healthy men and were compared with those induced by both oral and intravenous propranolol. Esmolol was rapidly effective in inducing at least 90% of steady-state beta-blockade within 5 minutes of either initiating or changing the esmolol infusion rate. More importantly, when esmolol infusion was discontinued the beta-blockade had totally disappeared by 18 minutes after esmolol, 300 micrograms/kg/min, and had been reduced by 50% after 750 micrograms/kg/min. In contrast, 30 minutes after discontinuation of a propranolol infusion, there was no change in the level of beta-blockade. Propranolol was much more potent at blocking isoproterenol-induced tachycardia (dose ratio 33.5 +/- 2.5) than was even the highest dose (750 micrograms/kg/min) of esmolol (dose ratio 13.1 +/- 1.0). The same dose of intravenous propranolol was approximately equipotent to oral propranolol, 40 mg every 8 hours (dose ratio 33.5 +/- 2.5 and 34.5 +/- 3.6, respectively). In contrast, propranolol, 40 mg every 8 hours, and esmolol, 300 micrograms/kg/min, were equipotent in antagonizing exercise-induced tachycardia (40.1% +/- 2.3% and 42.7% +/- 3.2%, respectively). Esmolol had striking hypotensive effects. Systolic blood pressure fell by 20 mm Hg during esmolol infusions of 750 micrograms/kg/min. Esmolol appears to be a potent beta 1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist with a particularly strong hypotensive effect. It is likely to be very useful in the treatment of hemodynamically unstable patients and may be useful in the emergency treatment of hypertension.
Der Begriff der Mimesis in der Ästhetischen Theorie Adornos (2008)

Der Begriff der Mimesis bildet in vielerlei Hinsicht ein zentrales Moment klassischer Ästhetik und gleichermaßen der zeitgenössischen Kunsttheorie. Stets sind es Modalitäten der Angleichung und der Ähnlichkeit, des Statthaltens und Repräsentierens, die formell wie konzeptuell den Katalysator künstlerischen Schaffens bilden. Adorno hat einen großen Teil seiner unvollendeten "Ästhetischen Theorie" dem Begriff Mimesis gewidmet. Die Besonderheiten seiner Zeit und Generation, sein eher soziologischer und Kultur- denn Kunsthistorischer Ansatz bedingen eine ungewöhnliche Gegenüberstellung von Mimesis und Ästhetik, Rationalität und Aufklärung und der Funktion von Kunst. Folgender Traktat unternimmt den Versuch, die komplexe Entwicklung des Mimesis-Begriffs bei Adorno, von der biologischen Mimesis als Mimikry zum mimetischen Verhalten als rationaler Praxis, bishin zum Prinzip der Nachahmung bei selbstkonstitutiven Kunstwerken zu skizzieren, und innerhalb seiner Ästhetischen Theorie zu verorten.
Origins and Evolution of Stomatal Development (2017)

The fossil record suggests stomata-like pores were present on the surfaces of land plants over 400 million years ago. Whether stomata arose once or whether they arose independently across newly evolving land plant lineages has long been a matter of debate. In Arabidopsis, a genetic toolbox has been identified that tightly controls stomatal development and patterning. This includes the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors <i>SPEECHLESS</i> (<i>SPCH</i>), <i>MUTE</i>, <i>FAMA</i>, and <i>ICE/SCREAMs</i> (<i>SCRMs</i>), which promote stomatal formation. These factors are regulated via a signaling cascade, which includes mobile <i>EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR</i> (<i>EPF</i>) peptides to enforce stomatal spacing. Mosses and hornworts, the most ancient extant lineages to possess stomata, possess orthologs of these Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>) stomatal toolbox genes, and manipulation in the model bryophyte <i>Physcomitrella patens</i> has shown that the bHLH and EPF components are also required for moss stomatal development and patterning. This supports an ancient and tightly conserved genetic origin of stomata. Here, we review recent discoveries and, by interrogating newly available plant genomes, we advance the story of stomatal development and patterning across land plant evolution. Furthermore, we identify potential orthologs of the key toolbox genes in a hornwort, further supporting a single ancient genetic origin of stomata in the ancestor to all stomatous land plants.
Mary Astell's Response to the Enlightenment (1984)

(1984). Mary Astell's Response to the Enlightenment. Women & History: Vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 13-40.
Autolysis in vitro of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibre cell walls (1987)

Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L. ev. Stoneville No. 406) fibres possess several types of cell wall‐bound (1→3)‐β‐glucanase activities and a significant amount of the (1→3)‐β‐glucan callose. When fibre cell wall fragments are incubated in vitro, free glucose is released. Such autolysis is barely measurable at the primary cell wall stage of development when the endogenous (1→3)‐β‐3‐glucan content is low. At the beginning of secondary cell wall formation, when the (1→3)‐β‐glucan is at a maximum, the rate of autolysis increases markedly and then remains more or less constant. Nojirimycin, a specific inhibitor of β‐glucosidase, decreases the amount of free glucose released and results in the production of a corresponding amount of (1→3)‐β‐linked oligosaccharides.
[Research on shortwave NIR spectroscopy and its application to in situ flammable liquid detection]. (2008)

Fast, accurate and highly effective detection in situ was important to the control of illegal transportation and the use of liquid state dangerous goods. The present article used the strong penetrability of the shortwave near-infrared ray to the packing material and liquid and measured the absorption spectra of some flammable liquids such as the absolute ethyl alcohol, absolute methanol, ammonia, turpentine, gasoline, diesel oil, petroleum etc and the partial liquors in the short wavelength region of NIR (667-1000 nm). The primitive spectral data were standardized and compressed, and then, the characteristic wavelength of the absorption spectra was analyzed using the SPSS statistics software. A math model for flammable liquid distinction was established based on the designated characteristic wavelength and can correctly detect flammable liquid using the absorbency of 3 wavelengths (881, 935 and 981 nm). According to the above the authors may construct the inexpensive spectrum instrument to check the flammable liquid non-destructively in situ.
T-cell proliferative response to antigens secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1991)

An infection model of human tuberculosis was established with C57BL/6J mice. The lymphocyte proliferative responses to antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis were investigated during the course of infection and compared with results obtained with a group of mice immunized with large amounts of killed bacteria. The two groups responded similarly to a number of mycobacterial antigens, but marked differences in responses against secreted antigens were found; only infected mice responded vigorously to these. The responding lymphocyte subpopulation was made up of L3T4+ T lymphocytes under restriction of the Ia molecule.
A Low-Cost Optoacoustic Sensor for Environmental Monitoring (2021)

Attention to Black Carbon (BC) has been rising due to its effects on human health as well its contribution to climate change. Measurements of BC are challenging, as currently used devices are either expensive or impractical for continuous monitoring. Here, we propose an optoacoustic sensor to address this problem. The sensor utilizes a novel ellipsoidal design for refocusing the optoacoustic signal with minimal acoustic energy losses. To reduce the cost of the system, without sacrificing accuracy, an overdriven laser diode and a Quartz Tuning Fork are used as the light source and the sound detector, respectively. The prototype was able to detect BC particles and to accurately monitor changes in concentration in real time and with very good agreement with a reference instrument. The response of the sensor was linearly dependent on the BC particles concentration with a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) for soot equal to 7.39 × 10<sup>-9</sup> W cm<sup>-1</sup> Hz<sup>-1/2</sup>. Finally, the prototype was able to perform NO<sub>2</sub> measurements, demonstrating its ability to accurately monitor both particulate and gaseous pollutants. The proposed sensor has the potential to offer a significant economic impact for BC environmental measurements and source appointment technologies.
Novel single-layer waveguides for high-efficiency millimeter-wave arrays (1998)

This paper presents novel single-layer waveguides for challenging design of high-gain, high-efficiency, and mass-producible planar slotted arrays for the millimeter wave region. The key features of three types of waveguides, as well as state-of-the-art performance of the arrays using these, are surveyed. A model antenna realizes 35-dBi gain and 64% efficiency at 60.2 GHz.
A Humanized Anti‐Cocaine Monoclonal Antibody Decreases the Urinary Excretion of Cocaine from Mice (LB588) (2014)

The recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) h2E2 is a lead candidate for immunotherapy of cocaine abuse. This anti‐cocaine mAb has been shown in vivo to inhibit cocaine’s distribution to mouse brain by 19‐fold compared to controls, with an equivalent increase in plasma cocaine concentrations. Despite binding to h2E2 in plasma, cocaine appears to be eliminated more rapidly than in controls. However, in vitro studies using pH‐buffered (1:1) mouse plasma demonstrated that h2E2 protects cocaine from metabolism to the major inactive metabolites of cocaine, ecgonine methyl ester (EME) and benzoylecgonine (BE). As cocaine and its metabolites are also excreted renally, tests for abuse measure urine concentrations of cocaine and BE. It is hypothesized ‐ based upon h2E2’s high affinity and effects on cocaine’s distribution and metabolism ‐ that the presence of h2E2 would decrease urinary excretion of cocaine, EME, and BE. This hypothesis was tested in male Swiss‐Webster mice pre‐treated with an i.v. infusion of vehicle or h2E2 (1.6 µmol/kg) 1 hour prior to i.v. bolus injection of an equimolar dose of cocaine HCl. Excreted urine was collected 17‐20 minutes after cocaine administration and cocaine, EME, and BE concentrations were determined using GC/MS. The mAb h2E2 caused dramatic 8‐fold (88%), 7.7‐fold (87%), and 3.6‐fold (72%) decreases in urinary cocaine, BE, and EME concentrations, respectively, as compared to levels in the absence of h2E2. If similar effects occur in humans, caution should be used when interpreting efficacy measures of anti‐cocaine vaccines and mAbs that are based on urine cocaine and metabolite concentrations. Grant Funding Source : Supported by NIH grant DP1DAP31386.
Programmable co-assembly of oppositely charged microgels (2014)

Here we report the development of an aqueous, self-assembling system of oppositely charged colloids leading towards particle arrangements with controlled order. The colloidal system consists of two types of particles, each consisting of refractive index matched colloidal core-shell microgel particles, which are either negatively charged or amphoteric. By slowly decreasing the pH of our system below the isoelectric point of the amphoteric particles, changing their net charge from negative to positive, the co-assembly of the colloids is induced. By using different buffer concentrations, we gain temporal and kinetic control over the acidification process and thus the ability to program the co-assembly of the two particles species.