gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applying Enhanced Recovery Pathways to Unique Patient Populations (2019)

Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) pathways have become popular in colorectal surgery due to their associated decrease in length of stay (LOS), complications, and readmission rate. However, it is unclear if these pathways are safe, feasible, or effective in unique patient populations such as elderly patients, urgent/emergent surgeries, patients with specific comorbidities, inflammatory bowel disease, or pediatric patients. Enhanced recovery pathways appear safe in elderly patients, associated with decreased complications, though with slightly lower rates of adherence and increased LOS and readmission rates. Modified ERAS pathways have been applied to urgent and emergent surgeries, resulting in decreased morbidity and LOS. There have been no studies that performed subgroup analyses of ERAS pathways in patients with specific comorbidities. Studies investigating patients with inflammatory bowel disease on enhanced recovery pathways are extremely limited, but suggest that they are safe and feasible. Data on ERAS pathways in pediatric patients are still emerging. Therefore, though data are sparse, enhanced recovery pathways appear to be safe in unique patient populations, with similar efficacy in decreasing LOS and complications. There is an urgent need for more studies investigating these specific patient groups to aid perioperative decision making by colorectal surgeons.
Induction of interferon‐α production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells by immune complexes containing nucleic acid released by necrotic or late apoptotic cells and lupus IgG (2004)

Necrotic and late apoptotic cells release material that, combined with SLE IgG, induces production of IFN alpha in PDCs. The IFN alpha inducers probably consist of immune complexes (ICs) containing RNA and possibly DNA as essential interferogenic components. The presence of such interferogenic ICs could explain the ongoing production of IFN alpha in SLE and could be of etiopathogenic importance.
Direct Imaging of Meniscus Formation in Atomic Force Microscopy Using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (2005)

Environmental scanning electron microscopy was used to image meniscus formation between an AFM tip and a surface. At high relative humidity, 70%-99%, the meniscus formed is 100 to 1200 nm in height, orders of magnitude larger than predicted by the Kelvin equation using spherical geometry. The height of the meniscus also demonstrates hysteresis associated with increasing or decreasing relative humidity.
Data Center Cooling Efficiency Improvement Through Localized and Optimized Cooling Resources Delivery (2012)

Data centers are large computing facilities that can house tens of thousands of computer servers, storage and networking devices. They can consume megawatts of power and, as a result, reject megawatts of heat. For more than a decade, researchers have been investigating methods to improve the efficiency by which these facilities are cooled. One of the key challenges to maintain highly efficient cooling is to provide on demand cooling resources to each server rack, which may vary with time and rack location within the larger data center. In common practice today, chilled water or refrigerant cooled computer room air conditioning (CRAC) units are used to reject the waste heat outside the data center, and they also work together with the fans in the IT equipment to circulate air within the data center for heat transport. In a raised floor data center, the cool air exiting the multiple CRAC units enters the underfloor plenum before it is distributed through the vent tiles in the cold aisles to the IT equipment. The vent tiles usually have fixed openings and are not adapted to accommodate the flow demand that can vary from cold aisle to cold aisle or rack to rack. In this configuration, CRAC units have the extra responsibilities of cooling resources distribution as well as provisioning. The CRAC unit, however, does not have the fine control granularity to adjust air delivery to individual racks since it normally affects a larger thermal zone, which consists of a multiplicity of racks arranged into rows. To better match cool air demand on a per cold aisle or rack basis, floor-mounted adaptive vent tiles (AVT) can be used to replace CRAC units for air delivery adjustment. In this arrangement, each adaptive vent tile can be remotely commanded from fully open to fully close for finer local air flow regulation. The optimal configuration for a multitude of AVTs in a data center, however, can be far from intuitive because of the air flow complexity. To unleash the full potential of the AVTs for improved air flow distribution and hence higher cooling efficiency, we propose a two-step approach that involves both steady-state and dynamic optimization to optimize the cooling resource provisioning and distribution within raised-floor air cooled data centers with rigid or partial containment. We first perform a model-based steady-state optimization to optimize whole data center air flow distribution. Within each cold aisle, all AVTs are configured to a uniform opening setting, although AVT opening may vary from cold aisle to cold aisle. We then use decentralized dynamic controllers to optimize the settings of each CRAC unit such that the IT equipment thermal requirement is satisfied with the least cooling power. This two-step optimization approach simplifies the large scale dynamic control problem, and its effectiveness in cooling efficiency improvement is demonstrated through experiments in a research data center.
Coupled magnetoelastic finite element formulation of anisotropic magnetostatic problems (2002)

This paper presents a generalized 2-D tensor finite element model, which can be used to evaluate force components in electromagnetic devices including those due to the magnetostrictive phenomenon. Magnetostriction is a property of ferrous alloys in which the material will exhibit strain in the presence of a magnetic field. This strain is in addition to any other strains that might exist as a result of electrical and for mechanical forces in a given application. At low frequencies, magnetostrictive forces are undesirable. They can be large and generate acoustic noise in electromagnetic systems, which can be undesirable in some applications. Implementation results on a 2-hp, permanent magnet motor indicate that magnetostrictive forces are significant and amount to more than 50% force level increase above electromechanical force levels obtained without accounting for magnetostriction.
Phototoxicity of plant secondary metabolites: Insect and mammalian perspectives (1995)

Phototoxic chemicals produced by plants have been studied in a number of contexts, most notably as protective agents against mammalian and insect herbivores. Although there are commonalities in the responses of these two groups of herbivores to plant phototoxins, there are differences as well. Whereas a greater range of chemical classes has been demonstrated to display phototoxicity against insects, considerably more information is available on symptomology of phototoxicity and mechanisms of action in mammals. The commonalities include alterations in behavior following ingestion, notably photophobia, disruption of integumentary integrity following contact or ingestion, and metabolic detoxification following ingestion, in the case of furanocoumarins involving cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Not yet known to exist in insects are phototoxin-mediated effects on sensory (particularly visual) systems and phototoxicity resulting from abnormal chlorophyll metabolism. In order to gain greater understanding of the ecological significance of phototoxin-mediated plant defense against both insects and mammals, there is a need for more studies centered on natural associations.
Crystal structure of AFV3-109, a highly conserved protein from crenarchaeal viruses (2007)

The extraordinary morphologies of viruses infecting hyperthermophilic archaea clearly distinguish them from bacterial and eukaryotic viruses. Moreover, their genomes code for proteins that to a large extend have no related sequences in the extent databases. However, a small pool of genes is shared by overlapping subsets of these viruses, and the most conserved gene, exemplified by the ORF109 of the Acidianus Filamentous Virus 3, AFV3, is present on genomes of members of three viral familes, the Lipothrixviridae, Rudiviridae, and "Bicaudaviridae", as well as of the unclassified Sulfolobus Turreted Icosahedral Virus, STIV. We present here the crystal structure of the protein (Mr = 13.1 kD, 109 residues) encoded by the AFV3 ORF 109 in two different crystal forms at 1.5 and 1.3 A resolution. The structure of AFV3-109 is a five stranded beta-sheet with loops on one side and three helices on the other. It forms a dimer adopting the shape of a cradle that encompasses the best conserved regions of the sequence. No protein with a related fold could be identified except for the ortholog from STIV1, whose structure was deposited at the Protein Data Bank. We could clearly identify a well bound glycerol inside the cradle, contacting exclusively totally conserved residues. This interaction was confirmed in solution by fluorescence titration. Although the function of AFV3-109 cannot be deduced directly from its structure, structural homology with the STIV1 protein, and the size and charge distribution of the cavity suggested it could interact with nucleic acids. Fluorescence quenching titrations also showed that AFV3-109 interacts with dsDNA. Genomic sequence analysis revealed bacterial homologs of AFV3-109 as a part of a putative previously unidentified prophage sequences in some Firmicutes.
Abnormal Contractile Function in Transgenic Mice Expressing a Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-linked Troponin T (I79N) Mutation (2001)

This study characterizes a transgenic animal model for the troponin T (TnT) mutation (I79N) associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. To study the functional consequences of this mutation, we examined a wild type and two I79N-transgenic mouse lines of human cardiac TnT driven by a murine alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. Extensive characterization of the transgenic I79N lines compared with wild type and/or nontransgenic mice demonstrated: 1) normal survival and no cardiac hypertrophy even with chronic exercise; 2) large increases in Ca(2+) sensitivity of ATPase activity and force in skinned fibers; 3) a substantial increase in the rate of force activation and an increase in the rate of force relaxation; 4) lower maximal force/cross-sectional area and ATPase activity; 5) loss of sensitivity to pH-induced shifts in the Ca(2+) dependence of force; and 6) computer simulations that reproduced experimental observations and suggested that the I79N mutation decreases the apparent off rate of Ca(2+) from troponin C and increases cross-bridge detachment rate g. Simulations for intact living fibers predict a higher basal contractility, a faster rate of force development, slower relaxation, and increased resting tension in transgenic I79N myocardium compared with transgenic wild type. These mechanisms may contribute to mortality in humans, especially in stimulated contractile states.
Turnagainolides A and B, Cyclic Depsipeptides Produced in Culture by a Bacillus sp.: Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Synthesis (2011)

Two new cyclic depsipeptides, turnagainolides A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from laboratory cultures of a marine isolate of Bacillus sp. The structures of 1 and 2, which are simply epimers at the site of macrolactonization, were elucidated by analysis of NMR data and chemical degradation. A total synthesis of the turnagainolides confirmed their structures. Turnagainolide B (2) showed activity in a SHIP1 activation assay.
Micromachined probes for characterization of terahertz devices (2014)

The recent development of micromachined probes for on-wafer characterization of devices and circuits now permit measurements to the WR-1.0 waveguide band (0.75-1.1 THz). This paper presents the probe design concept, describes methods for characterizing the probes, and applies the probes for direct on-wafer characterization of planar Schottky diodes at 1 THz. Measurements show the WR-1.0 probes exhibit an insertion loss of approximately 7 dB and a return loss greater than 15 dB over 750-1100 GHz band. This is the first demonstration of on-wafer probe measurements above 1 THz.
Concurrent stem- and lineage-affiliated chromatin programs precede hematopoietic lineage restriction (2020)

SUMMARY The emerging notion of hematopoietic stem- and progenitor cells (HSPCs) as a low-primed cloud without sharply demarcated gene expression programs raises the question on how cellular fate options emerge, and at which stem-like stage lineage priming is initiated. Here we investigated single-cell chromatin accessibility of Lineage − , cKit + , Sca1 + (LSK) HSPCs spanning the early differentiation landscape. Application of a signal-processing algorithm to detect transition points corresponding to massive alterations in accessibility of 571 transcription factor-motifs revealed a population of LSK FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3(Flt3) int CD9 high cells that concurrently display stem-like and lineage-affiliated chromatin signatures pointing to a simultaneous gain of both Lympho-Myeloid and Megakaryocyte-Erythroid programs. Molecularly and functionally, these cells position between stem cells and committed progenitors, display multi-lineage capacity in vitro and in vivo, but lack self-renewal activity. This integrative molecular analysis resolves the heterogeneity of cells along hematopoietic differentiation and permits investigation of chromatin-mediated transition between multipotency and lineage restriction.
A sclerosis multiplex néhány aktuális kérdése: a szekunder progresszív forma (2020)

Recent data suggest that long-term worsening is common in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and is largely independent of relapses or new lesion formation on brain MRI. The current definition of secunder progressive multiple sclerosis is worsening of disability independent of relapses over at least 6-month interval. Early focal inflammatory disease activity and spinal cord lesion are predictors of very-long term disease outcomes in relapse - onset multiple sclerosis. The potential of PET imaging to visualize hidden inflammation in MS brain in vivo is an important contribution for better understanding the progression of the disease. Therefore, PET imaging is a promising tool in detecting the conversion from relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis to secunder progressive form of multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, neuro-axonal damage is the pathological substrate of permanent disability in different neurological disorders including multiple sclerosis. The neurofilament proteins have promise in this context because their levels rise upon neuro-axonal damage not only in the cerebrospinal fluid but also in blood. Patients with increased serum levels of neurofilament at baseline, independent of other clinical and MRI variables, experience significantly more brain and spinal cord volume loss over 2 years and 5 years of follow-up. The kynurenine-pathway abnormalities may be associated with the swich from early-mild stage multiple sclerosis to debilitating progressive forms of the disease. Analysis of these metabolites in serum may have application as multiple sclerosis disease biomarkers. Free radical action has been suggested as a causal factor in the illness. Increased free radical production and consumption of the scavenger molecules were found during the active phase of the disease. Based on the clinical findings (EXPAND Study) and pathomechanism of the disease siponimod is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsing remitting forms of multiple sclerosis, to include secunder progressive multiple sclerosis with active disease, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome.
Hypercalcemia and Hypophosphatemia in Ponies following Bilateral Nephrectomy (1981)

A clinical syndrome has been recognized previously in horses, characterized by hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia and renal failure. The accumulated evidence suggested that hypercalcemia was a secondary effect of renal failure rather than the primary cause of renal disease. To test this hypothesis, the metabolic response following bilateral nephrectomy was investigated in five ponies. In contrast to the response observed in other mammalian species, nephrectomy in ponies resulted in significant hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. Forty-eight hours following nephrectomy, serum calcium had increased from a mean control value of 12.2 ± 0.4 to 17.6 ± 0.7 mg/dl and serum inorganic phosphorus had decreased from a control value of 3.2 ± 0.5 to 1.5 ± 0.3 mg/dl. These changes persisted until the time of death (mean survival time 7.2 ± 3.2 days) and suggest that the equine kidney plays a unique role in calcium homeostasis.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of a Two-Staged Supersonic Combustion Chamber (2009)

Scramjet engines are expected to decrease the cost for access to space immensely. But due to manifold physical challenges, theses engines are far away from series production. Experimental studies are difficult to perform and flight tests are rather expensive. Numerical studies are, therefore, often used to perform parameter studies within the relevant Mach number regime. Nevertheless, systematic experimental data are absolutely essential when validating numerical studies. The present study focuses on a two-staged supersonic combustion chamber and hereby joins numerical studies with experimental validation and investigation. The two-staged combustor is expected to have essential advantages compared to the single-staged design. Previous studies investigating the singlestaged central injector concept at the Institute of Aerospace Thermodynamics (ITLR), Universitat Stuttgart, Germany, showed that the central injector bears high mixing capabilities, although the total amount of injected hydrogen is limited due to arising blockage effects. If intended to inject more fuel in order to increase the heat release and accompanied net trust a second injection stage generates the possibility to realize this by simultaneously avoiding the risk of high blockage or even flow separation in the combustor. This study, therefore, investigates a second injection concept, for a variation of equivalence ratios experimentally and numerically. The central injector for the first stage remains. The numerical investigations are validated with experimental data by means of wall pressure distributions and show reasonable agreement in their characteristics. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of the second-stage concept by means performance parameters as stagnation pressure loss as well as mixing- and combustion efficiency.
The FMRP–MOV10 complex: a translational regulatory switch modulated by G-Quadruplexes (2019)

The Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) is an RNA binding protein that regulates translation and is required for normal cognition. FMRP upregulates and downregulates the activity of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated silencing in the 3' UTR of a subset of mRNAs through its interaction with RNA helicase Moloney leukemia virus 10 (MOV10). This bi-functional role is modulated through RNA secondary structures known as G-Quadruplexes. We elucidated the mechanism of FMRP's role in suppressing Argonaute (AGO) family members' association with mRNAs by mapping the interacting domains of FMRP, MOV10 and AGO and then showed that the RGG box of FMRP protects a subset of co-bound mRNAs from AGO association. The N-terminus of MOV10 is required for this protection: its over-expression leads to increased levels of the endogenous proteins encoded by this co-bound subset of mRNAs. The N-terminus of MOV10 also leads to increased RGG box-dependent binding to the SC1 RNA G-Quadruplex and is required for outgrowth of neurites. Lastly, we showed that FMRP has a global role in miRNA-mediated translational regulation by recruiting AGO2 to a large subset of RNAs in mouse brain.
ChemInform Abstract: Computer‐Assisted Search for Nonlinear Optical Crystals (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
What a juke! A collaborative music sharing system (2012)

The fast spreading of smart mobile devices has changed the way people create and share multimedia contents. A recently proposed idea is to distribute contents opportunistically when devices are within each other's communication range. In this work we have seized this idea and designed and implemented a real-time music-sharing application that allows people to share a sound system for collective listening. The system utilizes a content-centric opportunistic networking middleware. The application provides an interface for users to play audio files stored in their own mobile devices through a shared jukebox that is within direct communication range. The jukebox plays the audio file that is first in queue in its playlist by streaming it from the publishing user device. All devices synchronize with the jukebox so that the users can observe the contents of the playlist on their displays in real-time. This paper presents the idea and motivation for such a system as well as its design and evaluation.
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of asthma (1997)

This paper reviews the literature on the modulation of cyclic adenosine 3′5′-monophosphates (cAMP) by inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE 4) enzyme. It highlights why PDE 4 is an interesting anti-inflammatory target, particularly for asthma. Focus is given to the selective and non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors presently disclosed in the current scientific literature and patent literature up to June of 1996. It reviews the pre-clinical and clinical data available for these inhibitors and discusses the future for development of novel PDE 4 inhibitors.
Amphetamine Stimulates Endocytosis of the Norepinephrine and Neuronal Glutamate Transporters in Cultured Locus Coeruleus Neurons (2020)

Amphetamines and amphetamine-derivatives elevate neurotransmitter concentrations by competing with endogenous biogenic amines for reuptake. In addition, AMPHs have been shown to activate endocytosis of the dopamine transporter (DAT) which further elevates extracellular dopamine (DA). We previously found that the biochemical cascade leading to this cellular process involves entry of AMPH into the cell through the DAT, stimulation of an intracellular trace amine-associated receptor, TAAR1, and activation of the small GTPase, RhoA. We also showed that the neuronal glutamate transporter, EAAT3, undergoes endocytosis via the same cascade in DA neurons, leading to potentiation of glutamatergic inputs. Since AMPH is a transported inhibitor of both DAT and the norepinephrine transporter (NET), and EAAT3 is also expressed in norepinephrine (NE) neurons, we explored the possibility that this signaling cascade occurs in NE neurons. We found that AMPH can cause endocytosis of NET as well as EAAT3 in NE neurons. NET endocytosis is dependent on TAAR1, RhoA, intracellular calcium and CaMKII activation, similar to DAT. However, EAAT3 endocytosis is similar in all regards except its dependence upon CaMKII activation. RhoA activation is dependent on calcium, but not CaMKII, explaining a divergence in AMPH-mediated endocytosis of DAT and NET from that of EAAT3. These data indicate that AMPHs and other TAAR1 agonists can affect glutamate signaling through internalization of EAAT3 in NE as well as DA neurons.