gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MHC and T cell development. (1999)

The ability to discriminate self from non-self is a fundamental property of the immune system. In the case of T lymphocytes, the first level of this discrimination takes place in the thymus, where most lymphocytes carrying an alphabeta T cell receptor (TCR) become tolerant to self-epitopes represented within the thymic microenvironment and differentiate into CD4+ or CD8+ single positive thymocytes. In the periphery, these subsets correspond respectively to helper and cytolytic lymphocytes able to react to non-self antigens presented in the context of MHC class II and I molecules. Apart from an early phase, the development of alphabeta T cells is based on a TCR-MHC interaction which is allele-specific and, depending on its nature, leads to either protection from apoptosis and maturation (positive selection) or physical elimination of thymocytes (negative selection). Thus, these positive and negative selection processes concomitantly allow the rescue of the useful fraction and the elimination of the potentially harmful fraction of the TCR repertoire. Recent advances have provided important elements for the comprehension of the development of alphabeta T cells. In accordance with previous in vitro studies related to differentiation of CD8+ thymocytes, in vivo derived data have established that the positive selection of CD4+ thymocytes is a peptide-specific process: it is based on the intrathymic TCR recognition of self-peptide:self-MHC molecular complexes. Despite this fact, it is now clear that the TCR reactivity to non-self MHC molecules or alloreactivity--a major characteristic of the mature TCR repertoire--does not result from intrathymic T cell selection, but rather is an intrinsic property of germline-encoded TCR domains. Finally, a significant number of experiments indicate that, in secondary lymphoid organs, a repeated TCR-MHC low affinity interaction is required to maintain the mature peripheral T cell pool and therefore the mature TCR repertoire. Such a TCR-MHC interaction-induced protection from apoptosis is remarkably reminiscent of the intrathymic positive selection phenomenon. Thus, the role of self-MHC recognition in TCR repertoire development and survival may account for the influence of MHC genotype on susceptibility to specific autoimmune diseases.
Cyclophosphamide in systemic sclerosis: still in search of a 'real life' scenario (2009)

In systemic sclerosis (SSc), there is no proven treatment to prevent disease progression. In a recent meta-analysis of three randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and six open prospective studies on cyclophosphamide (CYC), no significant changes in lung function were observed. However, CYC is associated with an improvement of Mahler's dyspnea index, short form-36 (physical and mental domains), and health-related quality of life, contributing to the amelioration of patients' functional status. Further RCTs on early SSc are needed to assess the real efficacy of CYC in inducing remission and increasing survival.
Some observations on the application of generalized copolymerization equations to several systems involving highly polar monomers (1961)

Abstract A generalized theory of copolymerization, including the significant effects of monomer units at any distance from the growing chain ending on the competitive addition of monomers has been recently published. The equations presented at that time are extended to cover various specific copolymerizations involving as one of the reactants a highly polar monomer such as maleic anhydride. Use of these expanded equations led to much improved correlation between experimental data and theoretical predictions. Pertinent reactivity ratios weighing the contributions of units nearby and at considerable distances from the growing chain endings were calculated from the data for the copolymer systems: styrene–maleic anhydride, methyl methacrylate–fumaronitrile, vinyl chloride–maleic anhydride, vinyl acetate–maleic anhydride, and isopropenyl acetate–maleic anhydride.
Richtlinie: Labormedizinische Diagnostik bei der Therapie mit TPMT (Thiopurin-S-Methyltransferase)-abhängigen Pharmaka. Guidelines for the laboratory management of thiopurine drug therapy (2004)

Zusammenfassung Zusammenfassung Thiopurine (Azathioprin, 6-Mercaptopurin, 6-Thioguanin) werden als Immunsuppressiva und Zytostatika eingesetzt. Bei Patienten mit einer genetisch bedingten kompletten Defizienz der Thiopurin-S-Methyltransferase (TPMT) kommt es regelmäßig zu schwerwiegenden myelotoxischen Nebenwirkungen. Aus diesem Grund muss eine komplette TPMT-Defizienz vor Beginn der Therapie ausgeschlossen werden. Dazu können eine Bestimmung der TPMT-Aktivität in Erythrozyten (Phänotypisierung) oder eine Mutationsanalyse des TPMT-Gens (Genotypisierung) vorgenommen werden. Bei Beachtung geltender Limitationen können beide Methoden alternativ verwendet werden. Die Beurteilung komplexer Befundkonstellationen erfordert die Überprüfung des vorliegenden Befundes mit der jeweils alternativen Methode (Genotypisierung/Phänotypisie-rung).
Increase in erythrocyte disaggregation shear stress in hypertension. (1992)

The aggregation and disaggregation behaviors of red blood cells were investigated in 17 normotensive and 21 hypertensive subjects with a laser reflectometry technique, and simultaneous measurements were taken of blood viscosity with a coaxial viscometer. Increased red blood cell aggregation (26%, p less than 0.001) and disaggregation shear rate (20%, p less than 0.01) and shear stress (18%, p less than 0.01) were observed in hypertensive subjects when compared with normotensive subjects. Similar elevations in hypertensive subjects were found when the hematocrit was adjusted to 40%. Variation of red blood cell concentration caused the red blood cell disaggregation shear rate to change in an opposite direction but did not modify red blood cell aggregability and disaggregation shear stress. The increase of the reversible aggregation of red blood cells was associated with higher fibrinogen and plasma protein concentrations in hypertension. An increase in red blood cell aggregability and in the shear resistance of red blood cell aggregates may play a role in the development of the cardiovascular complication in hypertension. The quantification of red blood cell disaggregation shear stress, which represents the hydrodynamic force required to disperse the aggregates, may provide a useful parameter for clinical investigations.
The Frequency Dependence of Acousto-Electrochemical Effects (1953)

If sound waves impinge on either an electrode at which gas is being liberated by electrolysis or an electrode surrounded by a porous covering in a dilute electrolytic solution, an alternating potential of the same frequency is developed on the electrode relative to the bulk of the surrounding solution. The frequency dependence of these effects has been determined under various electrochemical conditions with pulse-modulated ultrasonic waves at frequencies from 200 to 1000 kc/sec. These measurements indicate a decrease of the order of 20 db in these effects over this range with no abrupt transitions. The mechanisms involved in these effects are discussed in light of the new data. The use of these effects in the forming of high frequency probes is also demonstrated.
HEAT TREATMENT AND PROPERTIES OF PRECIPITATION HARDENED CARBON-FREE PM TOOL STEELS (2005)

The manufacturing and properties of PM carbon-free tool steels precipitation hardened by intermetallic phases is described, the press-andsinter route being used for production. It is shown that these alloys offer significantly higher temper resistance than classical carbidic high speed steels. A further advantage of this class of steels is their relatively low hardness after quenching, even lower than in the overaged condition, which makes precision shaping much easier than with carbidic HSS. The aging treatment that results in the required high final hardness of about 65 HRC is done at fairly low temperature and without phase transformation and therefore affects the dimensional precision only marginally, being a process that does not involve steep temperature gradients. The manufacturing sequence can be: Pressing-sintering-hot working- cold working - rough machining - solution treatment - quenching - final machining - ging to full hardness. Therefore these steels are particularly attractive for highprecision tools.
CYS3, a Hotspot of Meiotic Recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Effects of Heterozygosity and Mismatch Repair Functions on Gene Conversion and Recombination Intermediates (1999)

We have examined meiotic recombination at the CYS3 locus. Genetic analysis indicates that CYS3 is a hotspot of meiotic gene conversion, with a putative 5'-3' polarity gradient of conversion frequencies. This gradient is relieved in the presence of msh2 and pms1 mutations, indicating an involvement of mismatch repair functions in meiotic recombination. To investigate the role of mismatch repair proteins in meiotic recombination, we performed a physical analysis of meiotic DNA in wild-type and msh2 pms1 strains in the presence or absence of allelic differences at CYS3. Neither the mutations in CYS3 nor the absence of mismatch repair functions affects the frequency and distribution of nearby recombination-initiating DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Processing of DSBs is also similar in msh2 pms1 and wild-type strains. We conclude that mismatch repair functions do not control the distribution of meiotic gene conversion events at the initiating steps. In the MSH2 PMS1 background, strains heteroallelic for frameshift mutations in CYS3 exhibit a frequency of gene conversion greater than that observed for either marker alone. Physical analysis revealed no modification in the formation of DSBs, suggesting that this marker effect results from subsequent processing events that are not yet understood.
Reproducing Human Arm Motion Using a Kinematically Coupled Humanoid Shoulder–Elbow Complex (2008)

A challenge that is gaining interest in robotics is the development of humanoids, which are robots that assume an anthropomorphic form. A difficulty with humanoid design is the kinematic interpretation of human joints and the development of mechanisms that can mimic human motion. The focus of this work is the development of a kinematic description of the shoulder–elbow complex. A mechanism capable of reproducing voluntary human reaching motions is introduced along with the procedural method of implementing the coupled motions that exist within the human shoulder complex and shoulder–elbow complex. Experimental results are presented highlighting the accuracy of this mechanism along with the similarities to human configurations.
Reaction dynamics of the tricoordinate intermediates MCl(PPh3)2 (M = Rh or Ir) as probed by the flash photolysis of the carbonyls MCl(CO)(PPh3)2 (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction dynamics of the tricoordinate intermediates MCl(PPh3)2 (M = Rh or Ir) as probed by the flash photolysis of the carbonyls MCl(CO)(PPh3)2David A. Wink and Peter C. FordCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 2, 436–442Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00236a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00236a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views479Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hemoglobinopathies et thrombose : role des phospholipides de la membrane erythrocytaire et autres facteurs de risque (1997)

La drepanocytose et la beta-thalassemie sont deux hemoglobinopathies s'accompagnant d'une augmentation du risque de thrombose. Parallelement, elles associent une augmentation de l'activation plaquettaire in vivo et des marqueurs d'activation de la coagulation. L'objectif principal de ce travail a ete d'etudier, dans ces hemoglobinopathies, le role des phospholipides de la membrane erythrocytaire dans l'hypercoagulabilite. En effet, l'erythrocyte des sujets drepanocytaires expose, de maniere anormale, a la face externe de sa membrane de la phosphatidylserine, connue pour intervenir dans les reactions de la coagulation. Nous montrons que les erythrocytes de sujets homozygotes pour la beta-thalassemie, comme les erythrocytes de sujets drepanocytaires s/s, exposent plus de phosphatidylserine que les erythrocytes de sujets normaux. Les erythrocytes anormaux constituent ainsi une surface catalytique pour l'activation de la prothrombine par le facteur xa. Ce potentiel procoagulant des erythrocytes existe a un moindre degre dans le phenotype s/c et le trait drepanocytaire a/s, qui presentent un risque moindre de thrombose. De plus, la quantite de phospholipides acides exposes a la surface des erythrocytes est correlee a la concentration plasmatique des complexes thrombine-antithrombine. Les erythrocytes de sujets s/s pourraient egalement faciliter l'inactivation du facteur va par la proteine c activee. Mais ce potentiel anticoagulant semble moindre que le potentiel procoagulant. D'autre part, la mutation leiden du facteur v n'etant pas presente chez les sujets drepanocytaires d'afrique noire, elle ne constitue pas un facteur de risque supplementaire de thrombose chez ces sujets. Ces travaux montrent que l'exposition de phosphatidylserine a la surface des erythrocytes, et l'activite procoagulante qui en resulte, semble etre un des facteurs contribuant au risque thrombotique qui caracterise ces hemoglobinopathies.
Early Complications in Prepectoral Breast Reconstructions with and without Acellular Dermal Matrix: A Preliminary Analysis of Outcomes (2023)

Therapeutic, III.
A Bag-of-Features Framework to Classify Time Series (2013)

Time series classification is an important task with many challenging applications. A nearest neighbor (NN) classifier with dynamic time warping (DTW) distance is a strong solution in this context. On the other hand, feature-based approaches have been proposed as both classifiers and to provide insight into the series, but these approaches have problems handling translations and dilations in local patterns. Considering these shortcomings, we present a framework to classify time series based on a bag-of-features representation (TSBF). Multiple subsequences selected from random locations and of random lengths are partitioned into shorter intervals to capture the local information. Consequently, features computed from these subsequences measure properties at different locations and dilations when viewed from the original series. This provides a feature-based approach that can handle warping (although differently from DTW). Moreover, a supervised learner (that handles mixed data types, different units, etc.) integrates location information into a compact codebook through class probability estimates. Additionally, relevant global features can easily supplement the codebook. TSBF is compared to NN classifiers and other alternatives (bag-of-words strategies, sparse spatial sample kernels, shapelets). Our experimental results show that TSBF provides better results than competitive methods on benchmark datasets from the UCR time series database.
Influence of Interfacial Energy on Electric-Field-Induced Sphere-to-Cylinder Transition in Block Copolymer Thin Films (2008)

The effect of the interfacial energy on the electric-field-induced sphere-to-cylinder (S-to-C) transition in polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) copolymer thin films was studied as a function of the difference in the interfacial interactions of the PS and PMMA blocks with the substrate, δ. It was found that the interfacial energies altered both the critical electric field strength and the time scales of kinetics. A very strong preferential interfacial interaction suppressed the electric-field-induced S-to-C transition even though such a transition occurred on a neutralized surface where the interfacial interactions were balanced. For a moderate interfacial interaction, the S-to-C transition can be induced by an applied electric field, but the time scale of the morphology change is much longer. Furthermore, the formation of ionic complexes in the BCP was found to enhance the electric-field-induced S-to-C transition even on a native Si substrate without any surface modification, providing a simple route to generate ordered arrays of high-aspect-ratio cylinders oriented normal to a film surface.
Mechanistic studies in strongly basic media. Part VII. Mechanism of the base-induced reaction of 9-bromofluorenes in t-butyl alcohol containing thiophenol (1970)

The rate of conversion of 2,9-dibromofluorene into 2,2′-dibromobifluorenylidene by excess of potassium t-butoxide in t-butyl alcohol is markedly reduced in the presence of thiophenol or of 9-fluorenyl phenyl sulphides. It is shown that this effect is related to the ability of the sulphur-containing additives rapidly to convert the halogenofluorene into the related 9,9′-bifluorenyl-9-yl phenyl sulphide which undergoes β-elimination of thiophenol in the rate determining steps of the reaction.
Concomitant Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Use in Cardiogenic Shock Requiring Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (2018)

In cardiogenic shock patients requiring VA-ECMO support, the use of IABP did not influence mortality in the total cohort. In patients with AMI, use of IABP with VA-ECMO was associated with 18.5% lower mortality in comparison to patients on VA-ECMO alone. Further randomized studies are warranted to corroborate these observational data.
Electron-density dependence of longitudinal-optical phonon lifetime in InN studied by subpicosecond time-resolved Raman spectroscopy (2007)

Subpicosecond time-resolved Raman spectroscopy has been used to measure the lifetime of the A1(LO) and E1(LO) phonon modes in InN at T = 10 K for photoexcited electron–hole pair density ranging from 5 × 1017 to 2 × 1019 cm−3. The lifetime has been found to decrease from 2.2 ps at the lowest density to 0.25 ps at the highest density. Our experimental findings demonstrate that the carrier-density dependence of LO phonon lifetime is a universal phenomenon in polar semiconductors.
Attitude and Purchase Intent for Luxury Fashion Goods : Cultural Differences between Americans and Chinese (2015)

Expanding upon Zhang and Kim’s (2013) study involving Chinese consumers, this study investigated key factors that influence U.S. consumers’ attitude towards purchasing luxury fashion goods and purchase intent and examined what similarities and differences exist between the two consumer groups in relation to the key factors. A total of 414 respondents completed the online survey questionnaire. Structural Equation Modeling was utilized to analyze data. Brand consciousness, materialism, fashion innovativeness, and fashion involvement were significant factors that affect U.S. consumers’ attitude towards luxury fashion goods. Overall, the findings of the current study were greatly inconsistent with Zhang and Kim’s Chinese study. The inconsistency provides vital implications to luxury fashion retailers by showing that one size does not fit all and one strategy does not fit all markets.
Design, formulation, and evaluation of novel sustain release bioadhesive in-situ gelling ocular inserts of ketorolac tromethamine (2014)

The said promising formulation (F4) would be able to offer benefits such as increase residence time, prolonged drug release, reduction in frequency of administration and thereby definitely prove to improve the patient compliance.
Initial results on in vivo human coronary MR angiography at 7 T (2009)

Seven tesla (T) MR imaging is potentially promising for the morphologic evaluation of coronary arteries because of the increased signal-to-noise ratio compared to lower field strengths, in turn allowing improved spatial resolution, improved temporal resolution, or reduced scanning times. However, there are a large number of technical challenges, including the commercial 7 T systems not being equipped with homogeneous body radiofrequency coils, conservative specific absorption rate constraints, and magnified sample-induced amplitude of radiofrequency field inhomogeneity. In the present study, an initial attempt was made to address these challenges and to implement coronary MR angiography at 7 T. A single-element radiofrequency transmit and receive coil was designed and a 7 T specific imaging protocol was implemented, including significant changes in scout scanning, contrast generation, and navigator geometry compared to current protocols at 3 T. With this methodology, the first human coronary MR images were successfully obtained at 7 T, with both qualitative and quantitative findings being presented.
Role of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase cascade in macrophage killing ofCandida albicans (2001)

The pathogenic yeast Candida albicans and its derived molecules stimulate a wide range of macrophage secretory functions and may adapt to escape being killed by this phagocyte. In this study, phagocytosis of C. albicans and of the nonpathogenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was shown to be associated with phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellularly regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in the absence of significant activation of either p38MAPK or stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase. However, although 80% of endocytosed C. albicans survived after 1 h, 80% of S. cerevisiae cells were killed. Considerable quantitative differences were observed between the two species in the sequential phosphorylation of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), extracellularly regulated kinase-1, and 90-kDa-ribosomal S6 kinases. A lower level of activation of the pathway by C. albicans was associated with a species-specific overexpression of the MEK phosphatase MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1. Killing of both C. albicans and S. cerevisiae could be reduced using PD98059, which mimics MKP-1 and inhibits MEK phosphorylation, suggesting that specific MKP-1 activation by C. albicans could contribute to its ability to escape the yeast lytic potential of macrophages.
VARIATIONS DE L'ÉNERGIE RELATIVE DISSIPÉE AU COURS DE LA FATIGUE D'UN ALUMINIUM 5N (1983)

Lors d'essais de fatigue en traction-compression sur Al 5N à la température ambiante, nous avons déterminé l'énergie relative dissipée en fonction de différents paramètres : mode de déroulement du cycle, amplitude et fréquence et sur deux états initiaux différents, recuit et préfatigué à saturation. Les résultats expérimentaux sont analysés à partir des mécanismes microscopiques proposés habituellement pour expliquer le comportement cyclique.
Study and reduction of variability in 28 nm FDSOI technology (2015)

This In this paper, we present a new inverter topology in order to decrease the process variability influence on performances of a ring oscillator. Using FDSOI technology, we used the back-gate electrode of the transistor to symmetrize the output of a complementary inverter. This technique will reduce the variability of the inverter and the jitter (i.e. the phase noise) of the ring oscillator. Complementary cells allow us to implement back-gate auto-biasing feedback without adding transistors and to realize a quadrature ring oscillator with an even number of inverters.