gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biologic Fixation of the Electrode Cable of Cochlea Implants (2000)

&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt; To verify the necessity for special surgical techniques or clips for fixation of the electrode cable of a cochlea implant against dislocation, and to test the stability of postoperative biologic cicatrization as the sole and solid anchoring of the cable. &lt;i&gt;Material:&lt;/i&gt; Temporal bone experiments with a simulated connective tissue sheath around conventional (Med El Combi 40+) and prototype (profiled surface) electrode cables. &lt;i&gt;Results and Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The electrode cable is anchored securely in a sheath of scar tissue, since unphysiologic loads are needed for pulling it out of its anchorage. The drag during one extraction trial with a profiled cable even resulted in the rupture of the cable. These results confirm our confidence in this biologic fixation of the electrode cable inside its postoperative cicatric tissue sheath. More than 80 cochlea implantations with the electrode simply imbedded in a drop of fibrin glue in the posterior tympanotomy never demonstrated a shift of the electrodes in the last 8 years. Therefore, special fixation of the electrode cable with clips or surgical techniques is not necessary.
Opening Up to the Crowd (2012)

Information is neither static nor is its status in the public's eye static. It is tempting to consider information as being one's own and entirely under one's control. Information from within the deepest vaults of the organization can be demanded by individuals through various privacy rules, government regulators, courts, auditors, and any number of other potential stakeholders. Government agencies or departments often have the additional obligation to provide information based on various forms of Freedom of Information legislation and similar open government initiatives. This chapter discusses that every enterprise, regardless of its sector, needs a strategy to confidently know who should have access to every piece of information and to be comfortable that they understand what will be found now or in the future. Such a strategy needs to include information that goes beyond current access privileges and anticipates general requirements of the future. The history of privacy, freedom of information, and more targeted regulations, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Laws, is that reengineering systems to provide information on request after the event is an extremely expensive exercise. Despite the challenges faced by opening the information to the crowd, carefully planned strategies to leverage internal and external relationships can do much more than deliver high-quality websites for internal and external users. They can dramatically improve the fundamental quality of the organization's data. That is why it is said that power of the crowd can improve data quality.
Broadband femtosecond frequency doubling in random media (2006)

The authors demonstrate broadband femtosecond phase-matched noncollinear second-harmonic generation (SHG) in strontium barium niobate crystals with random ferroelectric domains. The process is similar to femtosecond SHG in ultrathin crystals, but it results in higher efficiency and exact mapping of the spectrum of the fundamental field into the spectrum of the second harmonics, even for pulses with complex spectral profiles. The observed parametric conversion process can be used as an efficient frequency mapping from infrared to visible for the femtosecond pulse monitoring.
Long non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoma associated 1 induces cell replication by inhibiting BRG1 in 5637 cells (2014)

Long non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (UCA1) was first identified in bladder cancer tissues. High expression of UCA1 in bladder cancer has suggested it may serve as a potential diagnostic molecular marker for bladder cancer. Subsequent research in bladder cancer cell lines showed that UCA1 can promote cell proliferation, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, we identified BRG1 as a UCA1 binding partner using an in vitro RNA pull-down assay, and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay confirmed UCA1-BRG binding in bladder cancer cells in vivo. BRG1 is a chromatin remodeling factor with reported tumor suppressor activities that directly upregulates levels of the p21 cell cycle inhibitor by binding sequences in the p21 promoter. Depletion of UCA1 by RNAi resulted in upregulated p21 levels and inhibition of cell replication, while overexpressed UCA1 reduced p21 protein and promoted cell growth. Notably, UCA1 downregulation of p21 and induction of cell proliferation antagonized the function of BRG1. UCA1 highly expressed tissue samples are often with BRG1 high expression. Furthermore, we found that UCA1 impairs both binding of BRG1 to the p21 promoter and chromatin remodeling activity of BRG1. Collectively, these results demonstrate that UCA1 promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting BRG1.
Cytotoxic Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids from the Roots ofFicus septica (2009)

Activity-monitored fractionation of the CHCl3 solubles of the MeOH extract of the roots of Ficus septica using cytotoxicity assay led to the isolation of twenty phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, including ten new ficuseptines E-N and ten known compounds. The cytotoxic effects of some of the isolates were tested on gastric adenocarcinoma (NUGC) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (HONE-1) cell lines and the results demonstrated that, with the exception of dehydrotylophorine, all the tested compounds displayed pronounced cytotoxic activity with significant cell growth inhibitory effects. In addition, 13a R-antofine was found to be highly effective with ED(50) values of < 0.1 microg/mL against L-1210, P-388, A-549 and HCT-8 cell lines in another assay.
Caracterización inmunocitoquímica y ultrastuctural de los componentes celulares y de la matriz extracelular en la VRP y en la RDP. (1994)

La vitreorretinopatia proliferativa (VRP) se caracteriza por una migracion, adhesion y proliferacion celular, lo que lleva a la formacion de membranas fibrocelulares y fibrovasculares sobre la superficie de la retina. Recientemente, los factores humorales y la matriz extracelular han sido implicados en su patogenesis. Por medio de tecnicas inmunocitoquimicas hemos identificado macrofagos, celulas GFAP-positivas y vimentina-positivas en membranas obtenidas de pacientes diabeticos o portadores de un desprendimiento de retina sometidos a cirugia intraocular. En la matriz extracelular hemos observado un importante patron de distribucion fibrilar y pericelular utilizando antisueros contra la fibronectina (FN) y la laminina (LN). Asimismo, ambas glucoproteinas presentan una localizacion vascular en las membranas obtenidas de pacientes diabeticos: la FN en disposicion luminal y la LN en distribucion basal con respecto a las celulas endoteliales de los capilares. Hemos realizado un estudio ultraestructural convencional, con el objeto de observar las caracteristicas celulares y su relacion con la matriz extracelular en estas membranas. La inmunolocalizacion para microscopia electronica ha corroborado los hallazgos observados con las tecnicas opticas convencionales. Estos resultados sugieren que ambas glucoproteinas multifuncionales (FN y LN) pueden constituir elementos claves en la enfermedad proliferativa intraocular.
Specific features of formation of nanostructured electrospark protective coatings on the OT4-1 titanium alloy with the use of electrode materials of the TiC-Ti3AlC2 system disperse-strengthened by nanoparticles (2007)

The effect of nanodispersed additives of ZrO2, Al2O3, NbC, W, WC, and WC-Co into the composition of the TiC-Ti3AlC2 electrode on the kinetics of formation of coatings by electrospark doping (ESD) on the titanium alloy of the OT4-1 grade on varying the duration of pulsed discharges in a wide range is investigated. The structure, phase composition, properties (continuity, thickness, microhardness, friction coefficient, wear resistance, and heat resistance) are investigated. The optimum energy mode of the ESD treatment of the OT4-1 titanium alloys by new electrode materials is determined. It is found that the introduction of a nanodispersed component is favorable to an increase in continuity and the microhardness of electrospark coatings and a substantial increase in wear resistance and heat resistance of titanium alloys.
Machine Learning for Organic Cage Property Prediction (2018)

We use machine learning to predict shape persistence and cavity size in porous organic cages. The majority of hypothetical organic cages suffer from a lack of shape persistence and as a result lack intrinsic porosity, rendering them unsuitable for many applications. We have created the largest computational database of these molecules to date, numbering 63,472 cages, formed through a range of reaction chemistries and in multiple topologies. We study our database and identify features which lead to the formation of shape persistent cages. We find that the imine condensation of trialdehydes and diamines in a [4+6] reaction is the most likely to result in shape persistent cages, whereas thiol reactions are most likely to give collapsed cages. Using this database, we develop machine learning models capable of predicting shape persistence with an accuracy of up to 93%, reducing the time taken to predict this property to milliseconds, and removing the need for specialist software. In addition, we develop machine learning models for two other key properties of these molecules, cavity size and symmetry. We provide open-source implementations of our models, together with the accompanying data sets, and an online tool giving users access to our models to easily obtain predictions for a hypothetical cage prior to a synthesis attempt.
ASCA Identification of SMC X-2 with the 2.37-s Pulsar Discovered by RXTE (2001)

Abstract ASCA observed a new X-ray pulsar recently discovered with RXTE in the Small Magellanic Cloud, and detected coherent pulsations with a barycentric period of $2.37230 \pm 0.00004~\mathrm{s}$. The position is determined within a $\sim 30{{}^{\mathrm{\prime\prime}}}$ radius error, which is much more accurate than that reported with RXTE. Since the position error well overlaps a $\sim 20{{}^{\mathrm{\prime\prime}}}$ radius error of the SAS-3 transient source SMC X-2, and since the probability that an unrelated source falls in the error region by chance is estimated to be less than 0.1%, we conclude that SMC X-2 is the 2.37-s pulsar. The X-ray spectrum in the 0.7–10.0 keV band can be fitted with a model of a power-law continuum plus a fluorescent line from neutral or low-ionization iron. The pulse profile has a single peak below a few keV and gradually changes to be a double-peaked structure as the energy increases; in particular, the iron line band (6.0–7.0 keV) marginally shows a double-peaked profile similar to that of the higher energy band observed with RXTE.
VLSI implementation of a DWT architecture (2002)

In this paper, we presented the VLSI implementation and the simulation results of a systolic architecture for Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). This architecture is suitable for both decomposition and reconstruction of signals. The hardware utilization of the architecture is 100% unlike many other existing solutions in the literature.
Measurement of Water Diffusivities in Barley Components Using Diffusion Weighted Imaging and Validation with a Drying Model (2009)

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine water diffusion coefficients (D) in hull-less barley kernel components (endosperm and embryo) at 20.5±0.5°C. The D values in barley components were time-dependent and restricted in nature as indicated by the decrease in the apparent diffusion coefficient with increasing diffusion time (from 3 to 25 ms). A four-parameter Padé approximation model was used to estimate D and pore geometry (pore surface area–to-volume ratio, pore size, porosity, electrical conductivity and permeability of water) of the barley components after long diffusion time (t → ∞) using data obtained during a relatively short period of diffusion. The D of embryo and endosperm were 2.2±0.07 × 10−5 mm 2 Czuchajowska , Z. ; Klamczynski , A. ; Paszczynska , B. ; Baik , B.-K. Structure and functionality of barley starches . Cereal Chemistry 1998 , 75 ( 5 ), 747 – 754 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]/s and 1.0±0.10 × 10−5 mm 2 Czuchajowska , Z. ; Klamczynski , A. ; Paszczynska , B. ; Baik , B.-K. Structure and functionality of barley starches . Cereal Chemistry 1998 , 75 ( 5 ), 747 – 754 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]/s, respectively. These D values were used to simulate moisture and temperature patterns during the drying of a barley kernel using a two-dimensional simultaneous heat and moisture transfer model and compared with literature D values for validation purposes. Based on the comparison, the D values of barley components obtained from our study can be used to develop realistic models of water transport in barley during different postharvest processing operations (e.g., drying, kilning, steeping).
Soil chemical analytical accuracy and costs: implications from precision agriculture (1998)

Summary. This article reviews soil sampling and soil chemical analysis, discussing their implications from, and applications in, precision agriculture. The variability of a number of agriculturally important soil chemical properties was investigated and the ‘nugget’ variance or effect discussed in terms of its importance in determining the proportion of not only short-range spatial variation, but also sampling and measurement error. Comments were then made on the accuracy of laboratory methods. Analytical variances were compared with world-average and estimated nugget variances for a field in New South Wales, the comparison showing that analytical precision needs to be maintained or improved when developing or adapting analytical methods for precision agriculture. A simple cost-analysis showed that soil chemical analytical costs are much too large for economic use in precision agriculture, costs in Australia being higher than in the United States. The conclusion this paper draws is that, for large-scale implementation of precision agriculture, the development of field-deployed, ‘on-the-go’ proximal soil sensing systems and scanners is tremendously important. These sensing systems or scanners should aim to overcome current problems of high cost, labour, time and to some extent, imprecision of soil sampling and analysis to more efficiently and accurately represent the spatial variability of the measured properties.
Fluorometric Studies on the Blood-Retinal Barrier in Experimental Animals (1982)

Fluorophotometry was used to evaluate the blood-ocular barrier in rats following streptozocin-induced diabetes, experimental systemic hypertension, sodium iodate treatment, diet-induced galactosemia, and aldose reductase inhibitors. After administration of intravenous (IV) fluorescein sodium, diabetes, hypertension, or sodium iodate treatment resulted in an increased vitreous accumulation of IV fluorescein. Accumulation of dextran-labeled fluorescein (3,000 and 19,000 molecular weight [mol wt]) was not increased in diabetic or sodium iodate-treated animals. However, 3,000-mol wt dextran-labeled dye accumulated in the vitreous of hypertensive rats. The disappearance of fluorescein injected into the vitreous was significantly delayed in diabetic and sodium iodate-treated rats, whereas this rate was normal in hypertension animals. Galactosemia did not alter vitreous fluorophotometric measurements. Pretreatment for systemic effects with aldose reductase inhibitors did not correct the vitreous fluorophotometric measurements of diabetic rats.
Presence and distribution of l-kynurenine aminotransferases immunoreactivity in human cataractous lenses (2013)

Presence of l-kynurenine aminotransferases in extracellular matrix (ECM) during human cataract formation suggests that products of l-kynurenine pathway might be involved in mechanisms of cataractogenesis.
NICOLÁS DE ORESME Y SU INTERPRETACIÓN DEL DERECHO NATURAL ARISTOTÉLICO (2013)

La traducción francesa de la Ética a Nicómaco que llevó a cabo Nicolás Oresme en el siglo XIV incluye unas interesantes notas explicativas del texto aristotélico. En este trabajo se expone su interpretación del pasaje de EN V 7, 1134b18-1135a5, donde se distingue entre la justicia natural y la convencional. Si bien Oresme está influido por Tomás de Aquino, su comentario muestra gran independencia de juicio y constituye un ejemplo muy interesante del tránsito entre el mundo medieval y el moderno.
Studies of focusing a gold vapor laser beam into an optical fiber (1987)

マルチモードビームを発振する金蒸気レ-ザーはいくつかの研究所において光力学的効果の点からアルゴン色素レーザーと比較研究されている。しかし, 直径44mmのこのビームを導光用光ファイバーに効率良く導入することは技術的に困難難なものである。我々は三種類のレンズを用いて, レーザー光を最も効率よく600μm石英ファイバーに導入する結合系を検討した。焦点距離85mmの凸平面レンズを用いた場合, 共振器平均出力4.5Wにおいて, ファイバー先端平均出力1.15Wを得た。なおレーザービームの光ファイバー導入の光学的理論に基づき, 導光効率をあげるための重要な因子につき論じた。
A pressure regulator for the cuff of a tracheal tube (1992)

A regulator is described for the maintenance of a constant pressure difference above airway pressure during positive pressure ventilation in a cuffed tracheal tube. It comprises a tubular threshold valve which is powered by the anaesthetic gas supply source to a breathing system. The valve is interposed between the anaesthetic gas supply machine and the breathing system creating a pressure differential. The upstream pressure is transmitted to the pilot tube supplying the cuff of a tracheal tube via an upstream connection. The valve is suitable only for breathing systems that require a constant gas supply. The regulator was evaluated during anaesthesia, using a modified Mallinkrodt Hi-Lo jet ventilation tube to obtain simultaneous pressure measurements within the cuff and the lumen of the tracheal tube. A greater pressure was demonstrated in the cuff than in the airway and the two traces were approximately parallel throughout the respiratory cycle. The device should prevent excessive cuff inflation pressure and solves the problem of forgetting to let the cuff down before extubation.
The Phylum Bryozoa: From Biology to Biomedical Potential (2020)

Less than one percent of marine natural products characterized since 1963 have been obtained from the phylum Bryozoa which, therefore, still represents a huge reservoir for the discovery of bioactive metabolites with its ~6000 described species. The current review is designed to highlight how bryozoans use sophisticated chemical defenses against their numerous predators and competitors, and which can be harbored for medicinal uses. This review collates all currently available chemoecological data about bryozoans and lists potential applications/benefits for human health. The core of the current review relates to the potential of bryozoan metabolites in human diseases with particular attention to viral, brain, and parasitic diseases. It additionally weighs the pros and cons of total syntheses of some bryozoan metabolites versus the synthesis of non-natural analogues, and explores the hopes put into the development of biotechnological approaches to provide sustainable amounts of bryozoan metabolites without harming the natural environment.
TNF-α produced by inflammatory DCs as a molecular switch in Th17/Th2 and neutrophilic/eosinophilic responses during persistent fungal infection (103.2) (2011)

Abstract Aspergillus fumigatus is associated with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, a pulmonary allergic disorder, in which neutrophilia predicts a poor outcome. In our efforts to recapitulate fungus-induced airway neutrophilia in the allergic setting, we found that similar exposure to the fungus resulted in a neutrophil-dominated response in BALB/c mice but an eosinophil-biased response in C57BL/6 mice. By performing a comparative study, we identified TNF-α as the key mediator that skewed the response towards neutrophilia but away from eosinophilia. Between the two strains, TNF-αhigh CD11b+ Ly6C+ DCs were more abundant in the lungs of WT BALB/c mice which was compromised in MyD88-/-, dectin-1-/- and TNF-α-/- mice. As compared to TNF-αhigh Balb/c-DCs, TNF-αlow C57BL/6-DCs contained more NF-B p50 homodimers as strong repressors of TNF-α transcription. Lower TNF-α accounted for lower TLR2 levels on C57BL/6 DCs impairing collaboration between TLR2 and Dectin-1 in augmenting TNF-α via a positive feedback loop. Functionally, in Balb/c mice, the high level of TNF-α enhanced Th17 responses and in collaboration with IL-17A upregulated the neutrophil chemoattractants KC and MIP-2. Conversely, the lungs of C57BL/6 or TNF-α-/- mice showed higher IL-5 levels and therefore an eosinophil-rich response. Our study for the first time highlights a central role of TNF-α as a molecular switch that regulates the neutrophil/eosinophil balance in airway inflammation.
Confucius institute teachers in the UK: motivation, challenges, and transformative learning (2017)

Academic mobility has attracted much attention in recent educational research. Previous studies focus mainly on study abroad students; relatively little attention, however, has been paid to the growing numbers of teachers of Chinese as a second language working abroad in Confucius Institutes, non-profit public institutions that aim to promote Chinese language and culture, currently operating in some 500 Confucius Institutes and 1000 Confucius classrooms (local hubs in schools) in 134 countries. This paper explores the intercultural experience of a cohort of Confucius Institute Chinese Teachers working in the UK. Drawing on focus group discussions and interviews, it examines the factors associated with their motivation and the adjustments they make professionally and personally and the transformational power of intercultural experiences on teacher development. Finally, it offers suggestions for possible improvements in future international exchange programs.
A Vector Perturbation Technique Based on Eigenvalue Normalization for Multi-User MIMO Downlink (2009)

We investigate a non-linear precoding techniques for multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) downlink. When assuming full knowledge of the channel state information at the transmitter, a vector perturbation (VP) is a promising precoding scheme that approaches sum capacity and has simple receiver. However, its encoding is nondeterministic polynomial time (NP)-hard problem. In the MU-MIMO downlink, this encoding problem becomes harder because the proper user selection must be considered. In this paper, we propose a new vector perturbation scheme based on eigenvalue normalization (VPEVN), which converts the NP-hard problem into a channel condition-based finite integer problem, resulting in a reduction of encoding complexity. In addition, it can select a good user set by simple maximum norm criterion owing to its orthogonalization effect.
Measuring Retention of Chromated Copper Arsenate in Conifer Sapwood by Direct-Scan X-Ray Techniques (1990)

Abstract This study was designed to indicate how well direct-scan X-raying predicts preservative retention and distribution of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) in wafers of conifer sapwood. The intensity of X-rays passed through western hemlock wafers treated with varying concentrations of CCA solutions was inversely proportional to preservative concentration. X-ray intensities predicted 98% of the variation in preservative retention among the wafers. Intensity of direct-scan X-rays passed through selected test materials was consistent over a 9-month span. X-ray intensity over 1000 readings at a single scan point had a coefficient of variation of 0.1%. The strong relationship between direct-scan X-ray intensity and preservative retention, as well as the repeatability of intensity readings over time and the small variation in intensity readings at each data point, indicate that direct-scan X-ray techniques can be used to assess preservative retention and distribution in wood treated with inorganic arsenicals such as CCA.