gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fusarium wilt ( Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum ) genes expressed during infection of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum )† (2006)

SUMMARY We sought to identify Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov) genes that may be associated with pathogenicity. Initially we utilized microarray and Q-PCR technology to identify Fov genes expressed in root and hypocotyl tissues during a compatible infection of cotton. We identified 218 fungal clones representing 174 Fov non-redundant genes as expressed in planta. The majority of the expressed sequences were expressed in infected roots, with only six genes detected in hypocotyl tissue. The Fov genes identified were predominately of unknown function or associated with fungal growth and energy production. We then analysed the expression of the identified fungal genes in infected roots and in saprophytically grown mycelia and identified 11 genes preferentially expressed in plant tissue. A putative oxidoreductase gene (with homology to AtsC) was found to be highly preferentially expressed in planta. In Agrobacterium tumefaciens, AtsC is associated with virulence. Inoculation of a susceptible and a partially resistant cotton cultivar with either a pathogenic or a non-pathogenic isolate of Fov revealed that the expression of the Fov AtsC homologue was associated with pathogenicity and disease symptom formation.
The toxicity of organic sulphides to the eggs and larvae of the glasshouse red spider mite. vii.—Benzyl phenyl sulphides (α‐substituted) (1958)

Abstract The synthesis of a number of benzyl phenyl sulphides, substituted in the α‐position of the benzyl moiety, is described and their toxicities to the eggs and young mites of the glasshouse red spider ( Tetranychus telarius L.) are tabulated.
Boiling Crisis as a Critical Phenomenon (2012)

We present the first experimental study of intermittency and avalanche distribution during a boiling crisis. To understand the emergence of power law statistics we propose a simple spin model capturing the measured critical exponent. The model suggests that behind the critical heat flux is a percolation phenomenon involving drying-rewetting competition close to the hot surface.
Ring contraction upon electron‐impact as a function of ring size: The mass spectrometric fragmentation of 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydrobenzoxepin and lower homologues (1973)

Abstract The origin of a prominent [M – CH 3 ] ion in the mass spectrum of 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydrobenzoxepin is investigated with the aid of extensive deuterium labelling of the saturated heterocyclic portion of the molecule, identifying the C‐2 methylene group as the chief source of the methyl radical expelled. Ring contraction of the seven‐membered cyclic molecular ion to a six‐membered intermediate is proposed in accordance with interpretations of similar findings on related acylated cyclic amines.
Population‐based patterns of prescription androgen use, 1976–2008 (2014)

Androgen users were largely middle aged and had relatively few dispensings. We hypothesize that observed secular trends in androgen use may align with drug treatment pattern changes for erectile dysfunction, including the advent of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.
NF-κB1 p50 Is Required for BLyS Attenuation of Apoptosis but Dispensable for Processing of NF-κB2 p100 to p52 in Quiescent Mature B Cells (2003)

B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), a TNF family protein essential for peripheral B cell development, functions primarily through attenuation of B cell apoptosis. In this study, we show that BLyS activates NF-kappaB through both classical and alternative pathways with distinct kinetics in quiescent mature B cells. It rapidly and transiently enhances the p50/p65 DNA binding activity and induces phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha characteristic of the classical NF-kappaB pathway, albeit maintaining IkappaBalpha at a constant level through ongoing protein synthesis and proteasome-mediated destruction. With delayed kinetics, BLyS promotes the processing of p100 to p52 and sustained formation of p52/RelB complexes via the alternative NF-kappaB pathway. p50 is dispensable for p100 processing. However, it is required to mediate the initial BLyS survival signals and concomitant activation of Bcl-x(L) in quiescent mature B cells ex vivo. Although also a target of BLyS activation, at least one of the A1 genes, A1-a, is dispensable for the BLyS survival function. These results suggest that BLyS mediates its survival signals in metabolically restricted quiescent B cells, at least in part, through coordinated activation of both NF-kappaB pathways and selective downstream antiapoptotic genes.
Studies on the State of Insulin in Blood: Properties of Circulating “Free” and “Bound” Insulin (1965)

Studies are presented on the immunologic reactivity, electrophoretic mobility on Pevikon and chromatographic behavior on Sephadex of the 2 forms of insulin in human blood. The “free” form of insulin corresponds in its physicochemical, immunologic and biological properties to crystalline insulin. The “bound” form of insulin exhibits a higher molecular weight, slower electrophoretic mobility and diminished reactivity with insulin antisera. Acid ethanol extraction increases the reactivity of “bound” insulin with insulin antisera, the antisera inhibiting the biological activity of acid ethanol extracts of “bound” insulin on isolated epididymal adipose tissue. (Endocrinology76: 709, 1965)
Low voltage tunable narrow bandpass filter using cross-coupled stepped-impedance resonator with active capacitance circuit (2009)

This paper proposes a tunable bandpass filter using cross-coupled SIRs(stepped-impedance resonators) with active capacitance circuit. To use low varactor bias voltage, the resonator with 36.8 degree( 0.1lambda ) electrical length is used. For good insertion loss, active capacitance circuit is used. For high selectivity and constant bandwidth, cross coupling is utilized and the SIR configuration is used for enhanced stop-band performances. The proposed tunable bandpass filter with 2.54% of fractional bandwidth at 1.85 GHz was fabricated and tested. The measured results show 1.8 GHz-1.95 GHz tunable range, constant bandwidth, high selectivity, enhanced stop-band and low insertion loss. Bias voltage of the varactors is up to 3.3 V.
Evaluation of the chitosan films of essential oils from Origanum vulgare L (oregano) and Rosmarinus officinalis L (rosemary) (2018)

Introduction: Recent years have witnessed an increase in the demand for safe materials derived from biodegradable compounds useful to lengthen the shelf life of foods. Chitosan is a biological macromolecule with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties used alone or combined with natural ingredients such as essential oils for its capacity to lengthen the shelf life of foods. Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) are two plants traditionally used in Colombia for medicinal and food purposes due to their bioactive and organoleptic properties. Objective: Study the mixture of essential oils of O. vulgare and R. officinalis , Colombian varieties with chitosan films, to incorporate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of these films and thus prevent the decomposition and deterioration of foods. Methods: Chitosan films mixed with essential oils were obtained. The essential oils were extracted from leaves of Origanum vulgare L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. by hydrodistillation and incorporated with the films at concentrations of 0.4 and 1.5 % (v/v). An evaluation was performed of their mechanical properties, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity against E. coli K-12 MG 1655 and B. subtilis 102. Results: It was found that incorporation of the essential oils with the chitosan matrix reduces the mechanical properties of the films (tensile strength), increases their opacity (Y) and total phenolic content (TPC), and improves their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Conclusions: Results suggest that the presence of rosemary and oregano essential oils may increase the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the films, both of which are useful for food preservation. Therefore, they are recommended as a food packaging method. However, further experimentation should consider the forms of interaction between the films and the food item in question to better understand their effect on organoleptic properties. Key words: antioxidant, antimicrobial, chitosan films, essential oils, Origanum vulgare L . , Rosmarinus officinalis L.
Reply: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Indocyanine Green Angiography May Be Used as a Biomarker to Analyze Perfusion and Predict Response to Treatment (2021)

We read with interest the comments by Jha et al. regarding our recent article.1 We welcome the opportunity to address the related inquiries. First, the primary purpose of our study was to evaluate the role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of “chronic wounds” and identify the most suitable candidates before committing patients to the full course of treatment. The title of the article is reflective of the fact that the cause of the wounds included was predominantly of diabetic etiology. Furthermore, most of the wounds that healed within 30 days of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in this study were diabetic (four out of five patients), suggesting that a predictive biomarker might be particularly helpful in this group. Second, the data presented in Figures 1 and 2 are correct and reflect the fact that hyperbaric oxygen causes skin vasoconstriction in healthy humans without wounds. This is demonstrated by the blue (and not red) changes in indocyanine green imaging with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the normal control group, which reflects decreased perfusion in the skin. There is substantial published literature in humans demonstrating that changes in arterial oxygenation are able to constrict and dilate blood vessels in the skin.2,3 In this case, in normal humans without wounds, the elevated arterial oxygenation caused by hyperbaric oxygen therapy caused vasoconstriction, which appears to be mediated in part by the sympathetic nervous system.4 The interesting observation here is that in humans with a wound, this same elevated arterial oxygenation has the opposite effect and results in vasodilation of the skin. Whether that paradoxical vasodilatory effect is responsible for the observed clinical benefit of hyperbaric oxygen therapy is currently being studied in our unit. Third, all recruitment was concluded within the first year of initiation of the study. The 2-year period is reflective only of long-term follow-up. Indocyanine green imaging requires the placement of an intravenous catheter on two separate days, which limited patient enrollment because of the additional discomfort and time required. However, participation was offered to all patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy at Stanford University Medical Center before their first treatment, which would make it impossible to know which patients would respond best to hyperbaric oxygen. DISCLOSURE The authors report no commercial associations or financial disclosures. Babak Hajhosseini, M.D.Geoffrey C. Gurtner, M.D.Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanford, Calif.
Poly(acrylic acid)-Grafted Fluoropolymer Films for Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Bioassays (2013)

In this study, a facile and effective method for the surface functionalization of inert fluoropolymer substrates using surface grafting was demonstrated for the preparation of a new platform for fluorescence-based bioassays. The surface of perfluorinated poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (FEP) films was functionalized using a 150 keV ion implantation, followed by the graft polymerization of acrylic acid, to generate a high density of carboxylic acid groups on the implanted surface. The resulting functionalized surface was investigated in terms of the surface density of carboxylic acid, wettability, chemical structure, surface morphology, and surface chemical composition. These results revealed that poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was successfully grafted onto the implanted FEP surface and its relative amount depended on the fluence. To demonstrate the usefulness of this method for the fabrication of bioassays, the PAA-grafted FEP films were utilized for the immobilization of probe DNA for anthrax toxin, followed by hybridization with Cy3-labeled target DNA. Liver cancer-specific α-feto-protein (AFP) antigen was also immobilized on the PAA-grafted FEP films. Texas Red-labeled secondary antibody was reacted with AFP-specific primary antibody prebound to the AFP antigen using an immunoassay method. The results revealed that the fluorescence intensity clearly depended on the concentration of the target DNA hybridized to the probe DNA and the AFP antigen immobilized on the FEP films. The lowest detectable concentrations of the target DNA and the AFP antigen were 10 fg/mL and 10 pg/mL, respectively, with the FEP films prepared at a fluence of 3 × 10(14) ions/cm(2).
Advances in Sinopec＇s Shale Gas Drilling Technologies (2016)

In order to economically and effectively develop shale gas in China, Sinopec introduced foreign technologies and integrated them with available domestic technologies and self-developed tools according to geological characteristics and complicated mountainous geomorphology in marine shale plays of southern China. A technology series composed of innovated theories concerning geological characterization during drilling, new generation of PDC bits, friction-reducing tools, low-cost oil-based drilling fluid system, high-efficient washing fluid and elastic mud systems, integrated drilling engineering design, long lateral cementing, modified well factory drilling method and etc., was developed to fulfill fast and optimized drilling for shale gas wells. The application of the technology series in about 251 wells of Fuling gas field, Chongqing City, southwestern China, showed positive results: mechanical rotating speed increased by 191%, drilling duration reduced by 53%, and quality passing percent 100%.
Differential response of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes to lipo‐chito‐oligosaccharide Nod Bj V (C18:1 MeFuc) (2000)

Lipo‐chito‐oligosaccharides (LCOs) are bacteria‐to‐plant signal molecules essential for the establishment of rhizobia–legume symbioses. LCOs invoke a number of physiological changes in the host plants, such as root hair deformation, cortical cell division and ontogeny of complete nodule structures. The responses of five soybean cultivars to Nod Bj V (C18:1 MeFuc) isolated from Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain 532C were studied with a new technique. Two distinct types of root hair deformation were evident (i) bulging, in which root hairs were swollen at the tip or at the base depending on the cultivars and (ii) curling. The nodulating capacity of B. japonicum 532C varied among cultivars. Cultivars that produced a bulging reaction when treated with LCO had fewer nodules and the roots had low phenol contents. Cultivars that produced curling had higher numbers of nodules and the roots had higher amounts of phenol. Further, the roots of cultivars that showed root hair bulging were able to degrade LCO much faster than cultivars that manifested curling. The results of the present study establish relationships among the type of LCO‐induced root hair deformation, root system LCO‐degrading ability and nodulation capacity of soybean cultivars.
A Wrist-Worn Integrated Health Monitoring Instrument with a Tele-Reporting Device for Telemedicine and Telecare (2006)

In this paper, the prototype development of a wrist-worn integrated health monitoring device (WIHMD) with tele-reporting function for emergency telemedicine and home telecare for the elderly is reported. The WIHMD consists of six vital biosignal measuring modules, which include a fall detector, a single-channel electrocardiogram, noninvasive blood pressure, pulse oximetry <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(hboxSpO_2)$</tex> , respiration rate, and body surface temperature measuring units. The size of the WIHMD is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$60 times 50 times 20 hboxmm$</tex> , except the wrist cuff, and the total system weighs 200 g, including two 1.5-V AAA-sized batteries. The functional objective of the WIHMD is to provide information concerning current condition, such as vital biosignals and locational information, with compromised fidelity to experts at a distance through the commercial cellular phone network. The developed system will provide the facility for rapid and appropriate directions to be given by experts in emergency situations and will enable the user or caregiver to manage changes in health condition with helpful treatment.
Optimization of All-around View Image Quality and Camera Calibration Method (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the methods adopted to improve the image quality of the all-around view system. This system uses multiple vehicle-mounted cameras to capture images of the circumstances around the vehicle. The images undergo viewpoint transformation and are synthesized to create a single image seen from a virtual perspective overhead. The specific methods discussed here concern optimization of the design parameters for the camera orientation and a camera calibration method that does not involve physical movement of the cameras.&lt;/div&gt;
Prevention of Rectal SHIV Transmission in Macaques by Daily or Intermittent Prophylaxis with Emtricitabine and Tenofovir (2008)

This model suggests that single drugs for daily PrEP can be protective but a combination of antiretroviral drugs may be required to increase the level of protection. Short but potent intermittent PrEP can provide protection comparable to that of daily PrEP in this SHIV/macaque model. These findings support PrEP trials for HIV prevention in humans and identify promising PrEP modalities.
Microwave sintering of fuel cell materials (1990)

Microwave processing of LaCrO{sub 3}-based ceramics for the interconnect layer in the solid oxide fuel cell is reviewed. The characteristics of an inexpensive microwave furnace are detailed. (La{sub 0.79}Ca{sub 0.2}) (Cr{sub 0.9}Co{sub 0.1})O{sub 3} was shown to sinter at {approx} 150{degree}C lower in the microwave furnace than in a conventional furnace. 4 figs., 2 tabs.
Three Dimensional Stress Mapping of Silicon Surrounded by Copper Filled through Silicon Vias Using Polychromator-Based Multi-Wavelength Micro Raman Spectroscopy (2010)

Three dimensional (3D) stress distributions in Si, surrounded by copper (Cu) filled through silicon vias (TSVs) with various dimensions and pitches, are non-destructively characterized and stress contour maps generated at different depths using a long focal length, polychromator-based, multi-wavelength micro-Raman spectroscopy system. It was found that stress and crystallinity in Si (in both planar and depth directions) was strongly influenced by the proximity to a TSV, as well as, the dimensions of the TSV. In addition to characterizing semiconductor materials, Multi-wavelength micro-Raman spectroscopy was extremely effective for characterizing process-induced variations in crystalline stress and quality where 3D interconnects and packaging technology is introduced.
New techniques for laser micromachining MEMS devices (2002)

Two new laser mask projection techniques Synchronized Image Scanning (SIS) and Bow Tie Scanning (BTS) have been developed for the efficient fabrication of dense arrays of repeating 3D microstructures on large area substrates. Details of these techniques are given and examples of key industrial applications are shown.
Cryogenic Bandgap Reference Circuit With Compact Model Parameter Extraction of MOSFETs and BJTs for HPGe Detectors (2020)

This article presents the development of a cryogenic bandgap reference (BGR) circuit in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process for high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors for low-background physics experiments. It provides a temperature-independent reference for mixed-signal circuits such as a ramp generator. A reliable cryogenic model is essential for the circuit design. The parameters of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) were characterized and extracted at cryogenic temperatures from dc measurements on various geometries. MOSFETs had a general increase in threshold voltage and carrier mobility, a decrease in subthreshold slope at 77 K, with respect to 300 K. A new set of compact model parameters for MOSFETs and BJTs under cryogenic temperatures have been extracted. The relative errors between simulation and measurement were below 10% in almost all the bias regions for various device dimensions at 77 K. Two different BGR circuits were designed with the modified compact model parameters and evaluated from 77 K to 300 K. Temperature coefficient of less than 0.2 mV/K has been achieved over the whole range from 300 K to 77 K.
3D Autostereoscopic Display Image Generation Framework using Direct Light Field Rendering (2016)

The rapid development of 3D display technologies allows consumers to enjoy the 3D world visually through different display systems such as the stereoscopic, multiview, and light field displays. Despite the hype of 3D display development, 3D contents for various display systems are very insufficient and the most of 3D contents are only stereo sequences for stereoscopic 3D. To handle with the lack of 3D contents for various display systems, various 3D display images are generated by stereo sequences. Howver, the conventional 3D display rendering algorithm suffers from increased computational complexity and memory usage with the increasing number of view in 3D displays to achieve a sufficient level of reality. This paper proposes an efficient method to generate 3D display images by 3D direct light field rendering. We propose new 3D image generation algorithm for hole filling, boundary matting, and postprocessing from common stereo input images.
Design and optimization of a bend-and-sweep compliant mechanism (2013)

A novel contact aided compliant mechanism called bend-and-sweep compliant mechanism is presented in this paper. This mechanism has nonlinear stiffness properties in two orthogonal directions. An angled compliant joint (ACJ) is the fundamental element of this mechanism. Geometric parameters of ACJs determine the stiffness of the compliant mechanism. This paper presents the design and optimization of bend-and-sweep compliant mechanism. A multi-objective optimization problem was formulated for design optimization of the bend-and-sweep compliant mechanism. The objectives of the optimization problem were to maximize or minimize the bending and sweep displacements, depending on the situation, while minimizing the von Mises stress and mass of each mechanism. This optimization problem was solved using NSGA-II (a genetic algorithm). The results of this optimization for a single ACJ during upstroke and downstroke are presented in this paper. Results of two different loading conditions used during optimization of a single ACJ for upstroke are presented. Finally, optimization results comparing the performance of compliant mechanisms with one and two ACJs are also presented. It can be inferred from these results that the number of ACJs and the design of each ACJ determines the stiffness of the bend-and-sweep compliant mechanism. These mechanisms can be used in various applications. The goal of this research is to improve the performance of ornithopters by passively morphing their wings. In order to achieve a bio-inspired wing gait called continuous vortex gait, the wings of the ornithopter need to bend, and sweep simultaneously. This can be achieved by inserting the bend-and-sweep compliant mechanism into the leading edge wing spar of the ornithopters.