gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incorporating parameter variations in BTI impact on nano-scale logical gates analysis (2012)

As semiconductor manufacturing has entered into the nanoscale era, Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) became a major threat to reliability of CMOS circuits. This threat may even be more severe in the presence of parameter variations such as temperature and process. This paper presents simulation based analysis of BTI and parameter variations in logic gates. Delay, static and dynamic power consumptions are the metrics considered in the analysis. The simulation results show that while considering BTI only, the impact on delay is strongly temperature and duty cycle dependent. For example, in a NOR gate the delay at 75°C and 50% duty cycle is 56% higher than at 25°C; and at 40% duty cycle is 67% higher than at 60%. The results also show that BTI reduced the static and dynamic power. The analysis is redone for BTI by incorporating parameter variation. Monte Carlo simulation results reveal that BTI impact is exacerbated in the presence of parameter variations with up to 15%.
Late Effects on Rabbit Brain Morphology and Monoamine Metabolites Produced by60Co-Irradiation (1976)

Twenty-three rabbits were exposed with 60Co irradiation over the skull. Nineteen of the animals received 29.6 Gy over the right hemisphere and 4 animals received 20 Gy over both hemispheres. Six months after the exposure the cncentrations of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in seven different brain regions were assayed. No significant differences in the levels of these monoamine metabolites as compared to nonirradiated control animals were found. In contrast to discrete biochemical changes, a relatively marked parenchymal destruction was demonstrated by means of light microscopy, microangiography and scanning electron microscopy of the vessels, which exhibited telangiectases, fibrinoid necroses and thrombosis due to the late effects of irradiation.
New Synthetic Technology for the Mild and Selective One-Carbon Homologation of Hindered Aldehydes in the Presence of Ketones (2000)

A selective, mild, and highly efficient method has been uncovered during the total synthesis of the CP molecules to accomplish the one-carbon homologation of sterically hindered aldehydes in the presence of acid- and base-labile moieties, Michael acceptors, and even other carbonyl groups such as reactive and epimerizable ketones. Mechanistic studies have revealed a neutral reagent for the rapid collapse of cyanohydrins to ketones.
A Novel Low Complexity Space-Time Receiver for MIMO Systems Based on Beamforming and Partial SIC (2005)

Third generation CDMA systems provides traffic with different quality of service. Advanced space-time (ST) processing can be used in order to achieve high system capacity. In this paper we consider a combination of robust spatial processing (beamforming), temporal processing (Rake receiver) and ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC). At the output of ST receiver users were grouped into reliable and unreliable sets of users, based on the estimated SINR. The unreliable signals, cleaned by the contribution of reliable users, undergo "spatial" sub-grouping where an OSIC is performed for each subgroup. The ordering can be directly taken from the previous calculated SINR. The resulting scheme has a low complexity compared with already proposed schemes in literature with acceptable bit-error-rate (BER).
Brain Tissue Segmentation Integrating Multi-level Features (2019)

Automatic and accurate segmentation of brain tissues from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is significantly important in the clinical applications and scientific research. In this paper, we proposed a novel brain tissue segmentation approach integrating multi-level features under the fully convolutional neural network framework. At first, a batch normalization inception module was employed to learn dense high-level features in the encoder stage. Secondly, the dense decoder shortcut connections were utilized to leverage multilevel features in the convolutional layers in the decoder stage, which allow for effective information propagation from one decoder block to another. And the fusion of multi-level features improves the accuracy of segmentation. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated on two commonly utilized brain MRI datasets.
Seismic attribute‐assisted interpretation of channel geometries and infill lithology: A case study of Anadarko Basin Red Fork channels (2008)

Detection of channels and their infill lithology has always posed a challenge for exploration geologists and geophysicists, and the Red Fork channels in the Anadarko Basin do not fall outside of this challenge. The goal of this study is to take a new look at seismic attributes given the considerable well control that has been acquired during the past decade. By using this well understood reservoir as a natural laboratory, we calibrate the response of various attributes to a well‐understood fluvial system. The extensive drilling program shows that seismic data has difficulty in distinguishing shale filled channels vs. sand‐filled channels, where the ultimate exploration goal is to find sand‐filled channels. Furthermore, the drill bit has encountered many seismically ‘invisible channels’ that are of economic value. Since original work done in 1998 both seismic attributes and seismic geomorphology have undergone rapid advancement. The findings of this work will be applicable to nearby active areas as well as other intervals in the area that exhibit the same challenge such as the Springer channels.
Top-Vented Urinary Drainage Catheters Cause Fewer Epithelial and Vascular Changes in the Bladder Mucosa Compared to Conventional Catheters and May Reduce Susceptibility to Urinary Tract Infections (2010)

Introduction: We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blinded controlled trial to investigate whether use of DOVERTM Urine Collection Systems with top vent (Tyco Healthcare Group L.P. d/b/a Couidien, Marshfield, MA, USA) top-vented urinary catheters cause fewer epithelial and vascular changes in the bladder mucosa than conventional non-vented catheters. Materials and Methods: Women undergoing a mid-urethral sling were randomized to either placement of a non-vented or top-vented catheter. Primary outcome was change in appearance of the bladder mucosa as graded on a 4-point scale (0–3) after a single drainage event. Secondary outcome was change in red and white blood cell counts per high power field between urinalyses collected intraoperatively and after overnight bladder drainage. A paired T-test with Wilcoxon rank sum was used to compare the grade of mucosal change and the change in cell count. Results: Forty-one women were randomized. The mean change in appearance of the bladder mucosa was significantly greater in the conventional drainage catheter group (2.0 ± 0.23 vs. 0.4 ± 0.11, p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the mean cell count intervals on urinalyses between the two groups (1.2 ± 0.34 vs. 0.8 ± 0.34, p = 0.08). Conclusions: By avoiding suction on the bladder mucosa, top-vented urinary catheters cause fewer epithelial and vascular changes in the bladder mucosa compared to conventional catheters.
Effects of 4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidene bisphosphonate on bone biomechanics in rats (1992)

Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, but their effects on the mechanical behavior of bone remain uncertain. This study investigated the effects of 4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidene bisphosphonate (AHBuBP) on the biomechanical and morphologic properties of bone in ovariectomized rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (four groups, n = 6) were ovariectomized at 3 months of age. From 7 to 13 months, the groups received vehicle or 0.28, 2.8, or 28 micrograms/kg of AHBuBP twice weekly through subcutaneous injection. An additional group of control animals (n = 6) received neither surgery nor drug. We determined the stiffness, yield, and ultimate loads of the femoral midshaft, the sixth lumbar (L6) vertebra, and the femoral neck. Geometric properties of the cortical bone were measured from digitized images of the tibial diaphysis at the level of the synostosis. The area fraction of trabecular bone was determined through the midsagittal plane of the fifth lumbar (L5) vertebra. There were no significant differences in the structural properties of the femoral neck and midshaft, with the exception that the medium-dose group had a greater ultimate load than the vehicle group for the femoral midshaft in bending. Cross-sectional analysis of the tibia did not show significant differences in the inertial properties or area. Ovariectomy caused a significant reduction in the stiffness and ultimate load of L6 and in the area fraction of trabecular bone of L5.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Additions to 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone: Synthesis of Chiral 2,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidines. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An experiment on a CDM subcarrier multiplexed optical-fiber local area network (1992)

The authors describe an experimental optical-fiber local area network (LAN) that uses electronically code-division-multiplexed IF subcarriers. The LAN provides a very secure medium for interconnecting several users efficiently. By properly choosing the number of sequences for code divisioning and the number of IF subcarriers, one may construct an efficient multiaccess LAN. This work presents some preliminary experimental results on the LAN implementation as well as the transmission performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electric Power Assist Steering System Parameterization and Optimisation Employing Computer-Aided Engineering (2015)

The automotive industry strives to develop high quality vehicles in a short period of time that satisfy the consumer needs and stand out in the competition. Full exploitation of simulation and Comp ...
<title>Quantum optics in photonic crystals</title> (2002)

We survey basic quantum optical processes that undergo modifications in photonic crystals doped with resonant atoms: (a) Solitons and multi-dimensional localized 'bullets' propagating at photonic band gap frequencies. These novel entities differ substantially from solitons in Kerr-nonlinear photonic crystals. (b) Giant photon-photon cross-coupling that can give rise to fully entangled two-photon states. We conclude that doped photonic crystals have the capacity to form efficient networks for high-fidelity classical and quantum optical communications.
Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 Receptor Messenger RNA Expression in Corneal Cells (1993)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hot-blotting methods were used to identify fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-1-specific messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) sequences in cDNA samples prepared from human corneal endothelial cell cultures with proliferative and senescent morphology, an ex vivo corneal epithelium sample, two primary corneal epithelial cell cultures, two third-passage corneal epithelial cell cultures, and two stromal fibroblast cultures. The PCR primers used in this study distinguished mRNAs coding for three aminoterminal motifs (alpha, beta, and gamma) of the FGF receptor-1 that are derived by alternative splicing from a single genomic sequence. Messenger RNA molecules coding for FGF receptor-1 amino-terminal motif were detected in corneal endothelial and epithelial cells. The alpha and beta amino-terminal motif, but not the gamma amino-terminal motif, mRNAs were detected in stromal fibroblasts. The gamma motif lacks a known signal sequence for membrane translocation and is thought to represent an intracellular form of the FGF receptor-1. Identification of mRNA coding for FGF receptor-1 along with the previous identification of basic FGF mRNA and protein in corneal endothelial, epithelial, and stromal fibroblast cells suggests an autocrine and/or paracrine role for basic FGF in the physiology of the cornea.
Isolasi dan Respons Tumbuh Cendawan Mutualistik Akar pada Beberapa Tanaman Pangan dan Kehutanan (2022)

The study aims to isolate and test the effectiveness of mutualistic root symbiont fungi isolates from the roots of rubber plants grown in marginal acidic soil plantations in increasing the growth of food crops and forestry plants. The fungal were isolated by root surface sterilization methods. We obtained 19 fungal isolates consisting of 8 genera, namely Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Penicillium Paecilomyces, Trichoderma, and mycelia sterilia. All isolates were subjected to a pathogenicity test on the Centrosema pubescens plant. Five out of the 19 fungal isolates increased plant growth and showed no disease symptoms, and the Aspergillus section Nigri FKK 3 isolate showed the best response. The isolate was further analyzed to assess the growth response of food crops (rice and corn) and forestry plants (Acacia auriculiformis and Paraserianthes falcataria). The treatments consisted of 3 phosphate (P) concentrations, namely 20%, 50%, and 100% of the recommended field applications. The combination of mutualistic fungal inoculation of Aspergillus section Nigri FKK 3 and 50% P concentration exhibited the highest biomass growth response compared to other treatments. This finding can provide basic information for developing fungal-based fertilizers to increase the productivity of food crops and forestry plants on sub-optimal land.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: food crops, phosphate fertilizer, forestry trees, plant growth improvement, root mutualistic fungi
Sensitivity of the Earthquake Response of Tall Steel Moment Frame Buildings to Ground Motion Features (2013)

The seismic response of two tall steel moment frame buildings and their variants is explored through parametric nonlinear analysis using idealized sawtooth-like ground velocity waveforms, with a characteristic period (T), amplitude (peak ground velocity, PGV), and duration (number of cycles, N). Collapse-level response is induced only by long-period, moderate to large PGV ground excitation. This agrees well with a simple energy balance analysis. The collapse initiation regime expands to lower ground motion periods and amplitudes with increasing number of ground motion cycles.
Anomaly Detection in Smart Manufacturing with an Application Focus on Robotic Finishing Systems: A Review (2021)

As systems in smart manufacturing become increasingly complex, producing an abundance of data, the potential for production failures becomes increasingly more likely. There arises the need to minimize or eradicate production failures, one of which is by means of anomaly detection. However, with the deployment of anomaly detection systems, there are many aspects to be considered. In this paper, an overview of the components, benefits, challenges, methods, and open problems of anomaly detection in smart manufacturing and robotic finishing systems are discussed.
Improving Nonparametric Detectors via Stochastic Resonance (2006)

This paper investigates the problem of stochastic resonance in some non-parametric detection schemes such as the sign detector, Wilcoxon detector and dead-zone limiter detector. Detection performance comparisons are made between the original detectors and noise modified detectors. Potential improvement of detection performance via stochastic resonance (SR) for each detection scheme is determined. The optimal SR noise for the sign detector is derived. Asymptotic detection performance is evaluated for the three detectors. For the finite sample size problem, we demonstrate improvability via some detection examples where the detection performance of these detectors can be improved when suitable noise is added.
Mini-FLOTAC, an Innovative Direct Diagnostic Technique for Intestinal Parasitic Infections: Experience from the Field (2013)

We present the first experiences with the mini-FLOTAC for the diagnosis of intestinal helminths and protozoa. Our results suggest that it is a valid, sensitive and potentially low-cost alternative technique that could be used in resource-limited settings--particularly for helminth diagnosis.
[Immobilization of peroxidase from the culture filtrate of the basidial fungus Cerrena maxima Murr]. (1981)

Immobilization of peroxidase produced by the basidial fungus Cerrena maxima Murr on the alginate fiber was investigated. The mode of enzyme immobilization directly from the filtrate of the fungal culture fluid was established. Electrophoretic examination of peroxidase protein components and isoenzymes showed that immobilization of the fungal peroxidase on the alginate fiber was followed by sorption of primarily protein components responsible for the peroxidase activity.
Potential targets for next generation antimicrobial glycoconjugate vaccines (2018)

Cell surface carbohydrates have been proven optimal targets for vaccine development. Conjugation of polysaccharides to a carrier protein triggers a T-cell-dependent immune response to the glycan moiety. Licensed glycoconjugate vaccines are produced by chemical conjugation of capsular polysaccharides to prevent meningitis caused by meningococcus, pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae type b. However, other classes of carbohydrates (O-antigens, exopolysaccharides, wall/teichoic acids) represent attractive targets for developing vaccines. Recent analysis from WHO/CHO underpins alarming concern toward antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as the so called ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) and additional pathogens such as Clostridium difficile and Group A Streptococcus. Fungal infections are also becoming increasingly invasive for immunocompromised patients or hospitalized individuals. Other emergencies could derive from bacteria which spread during environmental calamities (Vibrio cholerae) or with potential as bioterrorism weapons (Burkholderia pseudomallei and mallei, Francisella tularensis). Vaccination could aid reducing the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and provide protection by herd immunity also to individuals who are not vaccinated.This review analyzes structural and functional differences of the polysaccharides exposed on the surface of emerging pathogenic bacteria, combined with medical need and technological feasibility of corresponding glycoconjugate vaccines.
TNF-&alpha;/Cycloheximide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Murine Intestinal Epithelial MODE-K Cells (2012)

In the mouse postoperative ileus model, we have shown an increase in oxidative stress after intestinal manipulation occurring earlier in the mucosa than in the muscular layer, which might contribute to epithelial barrier dysfunction. To address these findings in vitro, we assessed TNF-α/cycloheximide (CHX)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in a mouse intestinal epithelial cell line, MODE-K. The influence of heme oxygenase (HO)-1-related products and agents known to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production on TNF-α/CHX-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis were investigated. MODE-K cells were exposed to different concentrations of TNF- α/CHX in the absence/presence of the test agents. Cell viability, caspase-3/7 activity, apoptosis, reduced glutathione level (GSH) and intracellular ROS production were measured. TNF-α/CHX decreased cell viability, increased caspase-3/7 activity, induced apoptosis, reduced the GSH level and increased ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner in MODE-K cells. All these effects of TNF- α/CHX were partially prevented by pretreatment with a carbon monoxide-releasing agent (CORM-A1) and nitrite. The antioxidant resveratrol abolished TNF-α/CHX-induced increase in ROS production and caspase-3/7 activity, but apoptosis was only partially prevented. MODE-K cells are sensitive to TNF-α-induced apoptosis in the presence of CHX, which is associated with increased intracellular ROS production and caspase-3/7 activation. The effects were partially mitigated by CORM-A1, nitrite and resveratrol. Thus, these agents could be of potential use in protecting the epithelial barrier against oxidative stress during intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Selective functionalization of methane, ethane, and higher alkanes by cerium photocatalysis (2018)

With the recent soaring production of natural gas, the use of methane and other light hydrocarbon feedstocks as starting materials in synthetic transformations is becoming increasingly economically attractive, although it remains chemically challenging. We report the development of photocatalytic C-H amination, alkylation, and arylation of methane, ethane, and higher alkanes under visible light irradiation at ambient temperature. High catalytic efficiency (turnover numbers up to 2900 for methane and 9700 for ethane) and selectivity were achieved using abundant, inexpensive cerium salts as photocatalysts. Ligand-to-metal charge transfer excitation generated alkoxy radicals from simple alcohols that in turn acted as hydrogen atom transfer catalysts. The mixed-phase gas/liquid reaction was adapted to continuous flow, enabling the efficient use of gaseous feedstocks in scalable photocatalytic transformations.
Review of Techniques to Characterize the Distribution of Chromate Contamination in the Vadose Zone of the 100 Areas at the Hanford Site (2007)

The purpose of this report is to identify and evaluate the state-of-the-art techniques for characteriza¬tion of chromate contamination in the vadose zone of the 100 Areas at the Hanford Site. The techniques include direct techniques for analysis of chromium in the subsurface as well as indirect techniques to identify contamination through geophysical properties, soil moisture, or co-contaminants. Characteri¬zation for the distribution of chromium concentration in the vadose zone is needed to assess potential sources for chromate contamination plumes in groundwater at the 100-D, 100-K, and 100-B/C Areas.