gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison between line and surface integral formulations of the hybrid mode‐matching/two‐dimensional finite element method (2004)

Abstract The hybrid mode‐matching/two‐dimensional‐finite‐element (MM/FEM2D) technique has been proposed for the analysis of discontinuities with waveguides of arbitrary cross section; this technique combines the computational efficiency of modal analysis with the versatility and flexibility of the FEM approach. In this paper, we present in detail a surface‐integrals and a line‐integrals formulation of the hybrid MM/FEM2D technique, in case the ‘Standard Formulation’ is used as FEM2D formulation. Such formulations allow computing analytically both the normalization and the coupling integrals. Furthermore, we compare the accuracy obtained by using the line‐integrals and the corresponding surface‐integrals formulation. To these aims we present several numerical results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Intelligence: The Eye, the Brain, and the Computer (1987)

This book presents a view of intelligence, both human and machine. It provides an understanding of the concept of intelligence, the nature of the cognitive and perceptual capabilities of people and computers and the representations and algorithms used to attain intelligent behaviour
Ionic liquid redox electrolytes based on binary mixtures of 1-alkyl-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide with 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide and implication in dye-sensitized solar cells (2013)

Innovative redox electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) were prepared using binary mixtures of 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (MPII) with 1-alkyl-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide, CνmimTCM (ν = 2, 4, 6, 8) ionic liquids (ILs) to lower the high viscosity of MPII. The investigation of the physicochemical properties of the IL blends as a function of temperature has shown that both density and viscosity strongly depend on the kind of the Cνmim cation in the mixture. The corresponding Raman spectra were dominated by the vibrational modes of the IL components in an additive way and confirmed the absence of any specific interaction, independent of the Cν alkyl chain length. The electrochemical properties (triiodide diffusion coefficients, specific conductivity), determined in symmetrical thin layer cells using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, have shown that both diffusion and conductivity decreased with increasing viscosity, and further confirmed the electrolytes' compatibility with the cathode. Incorporation of the novel electrolytes in DSC devices revealed a systematic dependence of the cell photovoltaic performance on the alkyl chain length of CνmimTCM; the maximum power conversion efficiency exceeded 5 and 6.5% under 1 and 0.1 sun AM 1.5 G illumination, respectively, for the ionic liquid with the shortest alkyl chain. The solar cells were further characterized by EIS (IMPS) spectroscopy, exploring charge recombination dynamics and identifying conduction band edge shifts. Solidification of the electrolytes with silica nanoparticles, demonstrated that the ionic liquid electrolytes with long chain length (ν > 4) not only retain their efficiencies, but also exhibit a 22% efficiency enhancement, which is most pronounced for the electrolytes employing ionic liquids with the longest (hexyl- and octyl-) alkyl chains.
Oral contraceptives and tryptophan metabolism: Effects of oestrogen in low dose combined with a progestagen and of a low-dose progestagen (megestrol acetate) given alone (1972)

The effect upon tryptophan metabolism of the use of combined oestrogen-progestagen oral contraceptives containing a low (0.05 mg) dose of oestrogen, or of the continuous administration of megestrol acetate, has been studied by determining the excretion of tryptophan metabolites in urine collected after a 2 g oral dose of the amino acid. An investigation of 10 women before being given oral contraceptives and after 21 days and three months of their use showed that xanthurenic acid excretion is increased within 21 days and that by three months the urinary levels of xanthurenic acid, kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid may all be elevated. Ten other women studied after taking a combined type of oral contraceptive for six months or longer excreted significantly higher levels of all four metabolites than did those who had been treated with these steroids for only three months. The abnormal urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites was completely reversed by treatment with pyridoxine hydrochloride, 20 mg daily for one month. Studies of four women when they were taking an oestrogen-containing oral contraceptive and at intervals after they had discontinued its use showed that abnormal tryptophan metabolism may persist for three months or longer. Megestrol acetate, a progestagen used as an oral contraceptive, was found to have no significant effect upon tryptophan metabolism.The possible clinical significance of the effects of oral contraceptives upon tryptophan metabolism is discussed.
Association of Repeatedly Measured High-Sensitivity Assayed Troponin I with Cardiovascular Disease Events in a General Population from the MORGAM/BiomarCaRE Study (2017)

BACKGROUND: High-sensitivity troponin I (hs-cTnI) concentrations reflect myocardial stress. The role of hs-cTnI in predicting long-term changes in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in general populations is not clearly defined. METHODS: We investigated whether the change in 3 repeated measures of hs-cTnI collected 5 years apart in a prospective Danish study (3875 participants, initially aged 30–60 years, 51% female, disease free at baseline) improves 10-year prediction of incident CVD compared to using a single most recent hs-cTnI measurement. The change process was modelled using a joint (longitudinal and survival) model and compared to a Cox model using a single hs-cTnI measure adjusted for classic CVD risk factors, and evaluated using discrimination statistics. RESULTS: Median hs-cTnI concentrations changed from 2.6 ng/L to 3.4 ng/L over 10 years. The change in hs-cTnI predicts 10-year risk of CVD (581 events); the joint model gave a hazard ratio of 1.31 per interquartile difference in hs-cTnI (95% CI 1.15–1.48) after adjustment for CVD risk factors. However, the joint model performed only marginally better ( c -index improvement 0.0041, P = 0.03) than using a single hs-cTnI measure ( c -index improvement 0.0052, P = 0.04) for prediction of CVD, compared to a model incorporating CVD risk factors without hs-cTnI ( c -index 0.744). CONCLUSIONS: The change in hs-cTnI in 5-year intervals better predicts risk of CVD in the general population, but the most recent measure of hs-cTnI, (at 10 years) is as effective in predicting CVD risk. This simplifies the use of hs-cTnI as a prognostic marker for primary prevention of CVD in the general population.
Spherical carbon capsules with hollow macroporous core and mesoporous shell structures as a highly efficient catalyst support in the direct methanol fuel cell (2004)

Carbon capsules with hollow core and mesoporous shell (HCMS) structures were used as a support material for Pt(50)-Ru(50) catalyst, and the catalytic performance of the HCMS supported catalyst in the direct methanol fuel cell was described; the HCMS carbon supported catalysts exhibited much higher specific activity for methanol oxidation than the commonly used E-TEK catalyst by about 80%, proving that the HCMS carbon capsules are an excellent support for electrode catalysts in DMFC.
Visual display, pointing, and natural language (1998)

This paper examines user behavior during multimodal human-computer interaction (HCI). It discusses how pointing, natural language, and graphical layout should be integrated to enhance the usability of multimodal systems. Two experiments were run to study simulated systems capable of understanding written natural language and mouse-supported pointing gestures. Results allowed to: (a) develop a taxonomy of communication acts aimed at identifying targets; (b) determine the conditions under which specific referent identification strategies are likely to be produced; (c) suggest guidelines for designing effective multimodal interfaces; (d) show that performance is strongly influenced by interface graphical layout and by user expertise. Our study confirms the value of simulation as a tool for building HCI models and supports the basic idea that linguistic, visual, and motor cues can be integrated to favor effective multimodal communication.
Microanalysis of silicon protrusions with a titanium cap formed via surface melting and solidification under applied tensile stress (2019)

Abstract Silicon (Si) protrusions with a peculiar-shaped cap at their top were microanalyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and scanning Auger electron spectroscopy/microscopy. The Si protrusions were formed on a Si(111) substrate via the process of surface melting by DC resistive heating above 1000 °C and solidification under applied tensile stress. The protrusions were micro-sampled by the techniques with focused ion beam, and their cross-sectioned planes were examined by SEM with EBSD. The analysis revealed that the Si protrusions were epitaxially grown as a single crystal on the Si(111) substrate and deposition of titanium (Ti) resulted in formation of the cap as Ti precipitation with other minor impurities. The formation mechanism of the Si protrusion was discussed in terms of surface melting flow in the non-uniform temperature distribution under stress via electromigration, diffusion suppression due to stress-induced steps, and solidification including freezing point depression of the melted Si with the impurities.
Mapping Abnormal Synovial Vascular Permeability in Temporomandibular Joint Arthritis in the Rabbit Using MRI (1996)

An automated method for two-dimensional spatial depiction (mapping) of quantitative physiological tissue characteristics derived from contrast-enhanced MRI was applied to a model of inflammatory disease represented by antigen-induced arthritis of the temporomandibular joint in the rabbit. Specifically, an established two-compartment kinetic model of unidirectional mass transport was implemented on a pixel-by-pixel basis to generate maps of tissue permeability surface area product (PS) and fractional blood volume (BV) based on dynamic MRI intensity data after administration of albumin-(Gd-DTPA)30, a prototype macromolecular contrast medium designed for blood pool enhancement. Maps of PS and BV in a disease model of induced arthritis clearly depicted zones of increased permeability (up to approximately 200 microliters/cc/h-compared to 25 microliters/cc/h in normal tissues).
o- and p-Nitroacetophenones by Liquid Phase Oxidation (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTo- and p-Nitroacetophenones by Liquid Phase OxidationWilliam S. Emerson, Josef W. Heyd, Victor E. Lucas, James K. Stevenson, and Thomas A. WillsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 3, 706Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01195a503https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01195a503research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SI Engine Hardware and Software Design for High Power, Low Emission Applications (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;High technology, spark ignition direct injection (SIDI), engines are currently capable of achieving optimum horsepower and ULEV emissions levels. However, to meet the requirements of modern automotive powertrains, the task of increasing power density, improving fuel economy and reaching SULEV2 emissions is much more challenging. To achieve this, direct injection (DI) fuel systems offer the greatest precision and flexibility for engine fuel control. Features like high pressure start and improved catalyst heating, through multiple injections per combustion cycle, produce low engine-out emissions without the need for a secondary air injection system. This paper describes the analytical and experimental work done to achieve SULEV emissions levels for a twin-turbocharged derivative of General Motors (GM) high feature V6 engine.&lt;/div&gt;
An efficient instance hiding scheme (2016)

Delegating computation, which is applicable to many practical contexts such as cloud computing or pay-TV system, concerns the task where a computationally weak client wants to securely compute a very complex function f on a given input with the help of a remote computationally strong but untrusted server. The requirement is that the computation complexity of the client is much more efficient than that of f, ideally it should be in constant time or in NC0. This task has been investigated in several contexts such as instance hiding, randomized encoding, fully homomorphic encryption, garbling schemes, and verifiable scheme.
Towards low loss hollow core optical fibres (2021)

Silica glass optical fibers have revolutionized data transmission, sensing and laser development over the past 50 years, however, dielectric waveguides with a hollow core offer exciting development possibilities beyond traditional technology. Hollow Core Optical Fibers (HCFs) have been fabricated over the past 20 years with various geometries and refinements reported over this time. Despite numerous design developments and predictions from theoretical studies, one of the key performance indicators of optical fibers – attenuation - has remained significantly higher than can be routinely achieved in standard silica single mode fibers. Here we present recent developments in Nested Anti-resonant Nodeless Fiber (NANF) design over the last few years and show how this rapidly developing technology has been refined to produce state of the art HCFs with attenuation = 0.28 dB/km at 1550 nm.
Design of Multi-Core and Coupled-Core Fibers (2018)

This talk will review the design factors of multi-core fibers, which include basic properties of the uncoupled multi-core fibers, and recent advances on the understanding on the random coupling in the coupled multi-core fibers.
Excess thermodynamic and other allied parameters in the binarymixtures of cresols and azo compounds with benzyl benzoate as common component (2014)

Ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity have been measured in six binarymixtures of o-cresol,m-cresol, p-cresol, 1,4 dioxane, aniline and pyridine with benzyl benzoate as common component at 300C. Fromthe measured data, thermodynamic and other allied parameters have been computed and the intermolecular interactions are estimated in the light of the excess parameters.Also theoretical velocities are evaluated froma knowledge of the five theories FLT, CFT, NOMOTO, VANDAEL and JUNJIE. FLT,CFT,NOMOTOand JUNJIE appear to agreewellwith the experiment. In the mixtures of o-cresol, weak interactions and m-cresol and p-cresol, strong molecular interactions are suggested. In 1,4 dioxane system, weak interactions and dispersive forces and in the other two systems, strong AB interactions besides dipole-dipole type are suggested.
Reactions of hydrazonoyl halides 43 : Synthesis of some new 2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, pyrazoles, pyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyridazines, thieno[2,3-b]pyridines, pyrimidino[4′,5′:4,5]thieno[2,3-b]-pyridines and pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrazoles (2005)

2,3-Dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, pyrazoles, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazines, thieno[2,3-b]pyridines, pyrim-idino[4′,5′:4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyridines and pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrazoles were obtained in a good yields by treatment of hydrazonoyl halides with each of alkyl carbodithioates, 3-(dimethylamino)-1-naphtho[1,2-d]furan-2-ylprop-2-en-1-one and N-arylmalemides.
A new decomposition strategy for parallel bonded molecular dynamics (1992)

A method is described for parallelizing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations by block-decomposing the matrix of bonded and non-bonded force computations. It is particularly useful for organic simulations (polymers, proteins) because unlike spatial-decomposition methods, it requires no geometric information about the simulation domain. Because its communication cost scales as N/{radical}P. rather than N as in the all-to-all broadcast or ring-exchange techniques commonly used in this type of MD simulation, larger numbers of processors can be used effectively, yielding greater parallel speed-ups.
Spatial spread of activation and background desensitization in toad rod outer segments (1981)

1. The spread of activation and background desensitization in rods was studied by recording membrane current from single outer segments in pieces of isolated toad retina.2. Flash sensitivity changed slightly along the outer segment, falling by about 30% from base to tip.3. When only the distal half of an outer segment was in the recording pipette, illumination of the unrecorded part elicited little or no photocurrent at the recorded part, indicating that a photoisomerization does not cause activation of the entire outer segment.4. With diffuse illumination of an outer segment fully drawn into the pipette, the intensity-response relations at fixed times were invariant in form for most of the rising phase of the flash response and were considerably steeper than the Michaelis relation. The observed relation was consistent with a model in which a photoisomerization blocks all channels over a short region of the outer segment.5. With illumination restricted to a narrow transverse slit, the intensity-response relations at fixed times were much less steep, as would be expected for a very limited longitudinal spread of activation. An upper limit for the effective longitudinal diffusion coefficient of the internal transmitter was estimated to be about 3 x 10(-7) cm(2) sec(-1). This corresponds to a space constant for longitudinal spread of transmitter of about 3 mum at the time of the dim response peak.6. The time course of flash responses elicited with light positioned either on the edge or on the centre of the outer segment was very similar.7. Desensitization resulting from steady illumination by a transverse slit was also localized longitudinally. A linear desensitization parameter T, defined in Results, decayed approximately exponentially along the outer segment, on either side of the site of photoisomerization, with a space constant of about 6 mum.8. Transverse spread of desensitization was more effective than longitudinal spread.9. After turning off a dim diffuse background light, the decay of T was roughly exponential with a time constant of several seconds. From this, and the steady state space constant of 6 mum, it is estimated that the effective longitudinal diffusion coefficient for a ;desensitizing substance' would also be about 10(-7) cm(2) sec(-1).10. The restricted longitudinal spread of activation and desensitization may be explained by the barrier to diffusion presented by the stacked membranous disks in the outer segment. This baffling reduces the effective longitudinal diffusion coefficient to about 1/50 that of ordinary aqueous diffusion, but it does not significantly affect transverse spread.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МАССИВА ПЬЕЗОСЕНСОРОВ ДЛЯ ЭКСПРЕССНОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ СВОБОДНЫХ ЛЕГКОЛЕТУЧИХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ В ИЗДЕЛИЯХ ИЗ ФЕНОЛФОРМАЛЬДЕГИДНЫХ ПЛАСТМАСС (2014)

An express method for determining of volatile components in the products of phenol-formaldehyde plastics is developed by detecting them in the equilibrium gas phase using the piezosensors array. The sorption of substances-marker vapor which are the main pollutants in the air diffusing from plastic household products has been studied under identical conditions. The array of 8 piezosensors is selected providing minimal impact of water vapor on the microbalance results; maximum sensitivity to one / several classes of organic compounds; identification of phenol / formaldehyde in the mixtures. A method of evaluation the level of emissions of phenol, formaldehyde, toluene, acetone from household plastic products is developed using the piezosensors array. It has been proposed the ranking samples nonfood polymers into groups according to the danger degree based on the total content of volatile organic compounds and the presence of phenol / formaldehyde. The main criterion to justify polymer belonging to a group is the most informative analytical signal piezosensors array – square of visual print. Accuracy of the phenol determination in polymers is verified by standard spectrophotometric method with 4- aminoantipyrine, it is shown the results of both methods satisfactorily converge. The proposed method can significantly reduce the economic and time costs on analysis and expand the analytical information about the content of other volatile substances in a single measurement. Key words : analysis, safety, plastics, phenol, formaldehyde, sensors, “electronic nose”. (Russian) DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2014.18.1.007 Т . А . Kuchmenko, E.V. Drozdova Voronezh state university of engineering technology , Voronezh, Russian Federation
Structures and macrosegregation of a 2024 aluminum alloy fabricated by direct chill casting with double cooling field (2022)

Central region coarse grains and centerline segregation are common defects in aluminum ingots fabricated by direct chill (DC) casting. A double cooling field was introduced into the DC casting process to reduce these defects, whereby the external cooling was supplied by the mold and water jets, and intercooling was achieved by inserting a rod of the same alloy into the molten pool along the central axis of the ingot. Rather than forming a good metallurgical interface during solid-liquid compound casting, in the present work, the purpose of inserting the rod is to enforce internal cooling and consequently decrease the sump depth. Moreover, the insertion provides more nucleation sites with the unmolten á-Al particles. The structure and the macrosegregation of 2024 Al alloy ingots prepared by DC casting with and without the inserts were investigated. Results show that when the inserting position is 50 mm above the upper edge of the graphite ring, significant grain refinement in the central region of the ingot and a reduced centerline segregation are achieved.