gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image smoothing based on pixel grouping (2002)

In this paper we describe an image smoothing method that is capable of reducing both Gaussian noise and impulse noise. For each pixel in an image we examine a window area that is centered at the pixel. Pixels within the window are then divided into three groups based on their intensities relative to the center pixel. One group has higher intensities. One group has lower, and the third group has intensities close to that of the center pixel. A new intensity value for the center pixel is then determined by averaging the pixels in one or more groups based on the population of the three groups. Therefore, the number of pixels used in averaging and the configuration of these pixels may vary from point to point. This high adaptability enables the approach to preserve the sharpness of edges, corners, lines, and other image features in the smoothing process.
Circuit approaches to increasing SRAM performance in total dose environments (1985)

Performance degradation of CMOS SRAM circuits in total dose environments has been studied by computer simulations. Different failure modes are discussed and new approaches for performance improvements are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation of Several Nucleophiles with Alkylsulfonium Salts. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Statistically accurate estimation of hormone concentrations and associated uncertainties: methodology, validation, and applications (1998)

We describe a data reduction procedure to assign statistically accurate estimates of unknown hormone concentrations, with associated uncertainties, based on experimental uncertainties in sample replicates and the fitted calibration curve. Three mathematical calibration curve functions are considered. The one providing optimal statistical characterization of reference calibrators is chosen for unknown evaluation. Experimental error is addressed by assigning and propagating uncertainty estimates for each measured response (including zero-dose responses) by an empirically determined discrete uncertainty profile and by propagating calibration curve uncertainty. Discrete uncertainty profiles account for both response precision (replicability) and accuracy (deviation from predicted calibration curves) without relying on assumed theoretical response variance-assay response relations. The validity of assigning variable response weighting by this procedure was assessed by Monte Carlo simulations based on chemiluminescence growth hormone calibration curves. Much-improved accuracy and estimated precision are achieved for unknown hormone concentrations, particularly extremely low concentrations, by using this variable response weighting procedure.
La polilla del tomate, "Tuta absoluta" (2007)

La polilla del tomate Tuta absoluta es una grave plaga del tomate y otras solanáceas que hasta ahora se encontraba presente únicamente en Sudamérica, donde está considerada como la plaga clave del cultivo en muchas zonas. A finales del 2006 se detectó su presencia en el Este de la Península Ibérica, mostrando gran capacidad de dispersión y causando daños importantes. El control de este fitófago en su zona de origen pasa por el manejo integrado del mismo (MIP), en el que el control biológico está empezando a tener un papel fundamental. De este modo, su monitorización se realiza mediante trampas de feromona sexuales, a partir de las cuales se decide el modo de intervención, tratamientos con plaguicidas selectivos o con Bacillus thuringiensis y/o liberación y conservación de enemigos naturales. En este artículo se realiza una recopilación bibliográfica en cuanto a su biología, plantas huésped, trampas y atrayentes y control químico y biológico.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Disorder of Bi2+8 Clusters in the Plastic Phase (Bi8)3Bi[InI4]9. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Occurrence of the P Strain of Papaya Ringspot Virus in Japan. (1995)

The P strain of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-P) causes serious damage to papaya (Carica papaya L.) production around the world. However, PRSV-P had not been isolated from papaya plants in Japan, although another potyvirus, papaya leaf-distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV)3,9) had. In 1991 and 1992, a survey of the geographical distribution of PLDMV was conducted in our laboratory. A total of 101 samples of papaya with viral disease-like symptoms was collected from nine islands and examined for PLDMV infection by ELISA. Only one isolate (designated P126) gave a negative reaction with PLDMV-specific antiserum. This isolate was further characterized and identified as a strain of PRSV-P. In this report, we report the first appearance of PRSV-P in Japan, as well as the geographical distribution of PRSV-P and PLDMV in Japan.
Ultraporous &b.beta;-Tricalcium Phosphate Alone or Combined with Bone Marrow Aspirate for Benign Cavitary Lesions (2013)

While significant improvements in radiographic parameters were observed in both TCP groups over two years of follow-up, the addition of BM was not found to provide any significant benefit. Results should not be extrapolated to other bone graft substitutes used for this purpose.
Approaching Artery Rigid Dynamics in IVUS (2009)

Tissue biomechanical properties (like strain and stress) are playing an increasing role in diagnosis and long-term treatment of intravascular coronary diseases. Their assessment strongly relies on estimation of vessel wall deformation. Since intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) sequences allow visualizing vessel morphology and reflect its dynamics, this technique represents a useful tool for evaluation of tissue mechanical properties. Image misalignment introduced by vessel-catheter motion is a major artifact for a proper tracking of tissue deformation. In this work, we focus on compensating and assessing IVUS rigid in-plane motion due to heart beating. Motion parameters are computed by considering both the vessel geometry and its appearance in the image. Continuum mechanics laws serve to introduce a novel score measuring motion reduction in in vivo sequences. Synthetic experiments validate the proposed score as measure of motion parameters accuracy; whereas results in in vivo pullbacks show the reliability of the presented methodologies in clinical cases.
Perioperative anticoagulation practices for pediatric liver transplantation (2018)

Despite continued advancements in perioperative care for pediatric liver transplant (LT), graft-threatening vascular occlusion events including hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) remain a source of significant morbidity and mortality. Perioperative anticoagulation is commonly used for the prevention of HAT and PVT, but evidence-based guidelines are lacking. The goals of this survey were to determine the frequency of use of an anticoagulation protocol and to describe variation in anticoagulation practices among pediatric LT centers. The study consisted of an online survey distributed to members of SPLIT. The survey focused on institutional anticoagulation practices employed to reduce the incidence of graft and life-threatening vascular occlusion events. Responses were received from 31 of 39 SPLIT centers. All respondents report using anticoagulation after pediatric LT, and approximately 90% have institutional anticoagulation protocols. Subgroup analysis of high volume pediatric LT centers revealed similar variability in anticoagulation patterns. All participating SPLIT centers reported the use of post-transplant anticoagulation and nearly all use a protocol. However, there is marked variability in the type and dose of anticoagulation as well as the timing of initiation and duration of therapy across centers.
HVDC Shunt Tap Based on Series-input Parallel-output DC-AC Multi-module VSCs with DC Voltages Balancing (2014)

Conventionally, tapping-off a small amount of power from an HVDC transmission line to a three-phase local network can be achieved using a DC-to-AC voltage source converter (VSC) followed by a step down transformer. In order to obtain the high-voltage ratings required in the HVDC systems, semiconductor devices should be connected in series. Hence, careful design to ensure dynamic voltage sharing between switches is necessary. In this paper, DC-AC multi-module VSCs (series-input parallel-output) along with an input-voltage balancing technique are employed as an alternative solution. The advantages of the proposed architecture against conventional system are also highlighted. A Simulation study is carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and to validate the proposed voltage balancing technique.
Testing Theoretical Models with Reciprocal Effects of Drug Use Among Boot Camp Participants Using a Developmental Perspective (1999)

This was a study of 601 participants in the only boot camp in Arkansas, the purpose of which was to test two theoretical models composed of elements from control and social learning theories based on developmental perspectives. The hypothesized differences in the two theoretical models were: (a) it was hypothesized that religiosity and beliefs were the significant influences on peer associations and that both factors have reciprocal relationships with these associations, that there was a reciprocal relationship between peer association and alienation, and a bi-directional relationship between alienation and drug use among older offenders (aged 24 years or older); and (b) it was hypothesized that attachment to mother and physical abuse were the primary influences on peer association, that there was a reciprocal relationship between peer association and excuses, and a bi-directional relationship between excuses and drug use among younger offenders (aged 23 years or younger).Evidence indicates that the feedback effects of drug use on alienation or excuses were not significant, and beliefs did not influence peer associations among older offenders. Otherwise, the hypothesized theoretical models for the two age groups were supported, with the exception that drug use did not affect carrying a gun among older offenders, and did have a reciprocal relationship with selling drugs for both age groups. Practice implications were discussed.
Status of the NA57 experiment at CERN SPS (2001)

The NA57 experiment aims to investigate the production of strange and multi-strange particles in nucleus-nucleus collisions at CERN SPS. NA57 has been specifically designed to extend the study of $\\Lambda$ , $\\Xi$ and $\\Omega$ as well as the $K_{s}^{0}$ (and their antiparticles) production pattern in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions, as a function of the centre-of-mass energy and in a wider centrality range than its predecessor WA97. In this paper we recall the main features of the NA57 set-up and we report on the status of the processing and analysis of data samples collected in 1998 with a lead beam at 158 $A$ GeV $c^{-1}$ and in 1999 with lead and proton beams at 40 $A$ GeV $c^{-1}$. (6 refs).
Multi-object tracking using semantic analysis and Kalman filter (2009)

A generic approach for tracking humans and objects under occlusion using semantic analysis is presented. The aim is to exploit knowledge representation schemes, precisely semantic logic where each detected object is represented by a node and the association among the nodes is interpretated as flow paths. Besides, maximum likelihood is computed using our CWHI technique and Bhattacharyya coefficient. These likelihood weights are mapped onto the semantic network to efficiently infer the multiple possibilities of tracking by the manipulation of ldquopropositional logicrdquo at a time window. The logical propositions are built by formularizing facts, semantic rules and constraints associated with tracking. Currently, we are able to handle tracking under normal, occlusion, and split conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed approach enables accurate and reliable tracking by resolving the ambiguities of online data association under occlusions.
Propagation of Japanese B Encephalitis Virus in the Developing Chick Embryo (1946)

Summary The Japanese B encephalitis virus was cultivated through 37 generations in the developing chick embryo by yolk sac passage. No changes in the virulence of the virus for mice occurred as result of such cultivation. The virus apparently increased best at incubation temperatures of 35.5–36 C. The virus was present throughout the egg, with the highest concentration being found in the embryo. The LD50 titer of embryo suspension remained within the range of 10−7.20 to 10−8.00, with the maximum reached in chick embryos approximately 48 hours after inoculation. Chick embryos were as susceptible to the virus as were mice; comparative titrations of virus in both gave LD50 titers which were practically identical. The possibilities of using infected chick embryo as material for the preparation of formalin inactivated vaccine are discussed.
Das Aggregationspheromon des mediterranen Kiefernborkenkäfers Ips (Orthotomicus) erosus (1984)

Abstract Investigations on the aggregation pheromone of the mediterranean engraver beetle Ips (Orthotomicus) erosus Attempts were made to identify the aggregation pheromone produced by male I. erosus while initiating attack on Pinus pinaster by gas chromatographic analyses of headspace gas obtained from the hindguts of male beetles. The chemical analysis and field tests in South African pine plantations indicate 2‐methyl‐6‐methylene‐2,7‐octadien‐4‐ol (ipsdienol) and 2‐methyl‐3‐buten‐2‐ol to represent the major components of an aggregating principle that could be utilized in the surveillance of this world wide expanding insect pest. Zusammenfassung Die gaschromatographische Analyse käferbürtiger Duftstoffe und Freilandversuche in südafrikanischen Kieferanpflanzungen indizieren neben dem Terpenalkohol Ipsdienol, 2‐Methyl‐3‐buten‐2‐ol als eine Hauptkomponente des Aggregationspheromons, das von den Männchen und in geringer Konzentration von den Weibchen des Kiefernborkenkäfers Ips (Orthotomicus) erosus bei der Besiedlung frischen Wirtsmaterials abgegeben wird.
Activation of influenza virus–specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells: a new role for plasmacytoid dendritic cells in adaptive immunity (2003)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) contribute to innate antiviral immune responses by producing type I interferons (IFNs) upon exposure to enveloped viruses. However, their role in adaptive immune responses, such as the initiation of antiviral T-cell responses, is not known. In this study, we examined interactions between blood pDCs and influenza virus with special attention to the capacity of pDCs to activate influenza-specific T cells. pDCs were compared with CD11c(+) DCs, the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs), for their capacity to activate T-cell responses. We found that like CD11c(+) DCs, pDCs mature following exposure to influenza virus, express CCR7, and produce proinflammatory chemokines, but differ in that they produce type I IFN and are resistant to the cytopathic effect of the infection. After influenza virus exposure, both DC types exhibited an equivalent efficiency to expand anti-influenza virus cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and T helper 1 (TH1) CD4(+) T cells. Our results pinpoint a new role of pDCs in the induction of antiviral T-cell responses and suggest that these DCs play a prominent role in the adaptive immune response against viruses.
Human Foetal Hepatocytes: Isolation, Characterization, and Transplantation (2010)

Hepatocyte transplantation has become an alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation for the treatment of liver metabolic diseases. However, there is an increasing lack of donor organs and isolated mature hepatocytes are difficult to manipulate and cannot be expanded in vitro. It is therefore necessary to find alternative sources of hepatocytes, and different approaches to evaluate the therapeutic potential of stem cells of different origins are being developed. Hepatic progenitors (hepatoblasts) and/or foetal hepatocytes isolated from foetal livers may be one potential source to generate fully differentiated hepatocytes. We have reported that human foetal liver cells can be isolated and cultured. These cells also engraft and differentiate into mature hepatocytes in situ after transplantation into immunodeficient mice. Foetal cell populations could also be used as targets for gene therapy since efficient gene transfer is achieved with retroviral vectors. Use of such experimental approaches will help design strategies for clinical applications of liver cell therapy with hepatic progenitors.
Lipid antigen presentation in the immune system; lessons learned from CD 1 d knockout mice (1999)

CD1 molecules represent a distinct lineage of antigen-presenting molecules that are evolutionarily related to the classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules. Unlike the classical MHC products that bind peptides, CD1 molecules have evolved to bind lipids and glycolipids. Murine and human CD1d molecules can present glycolipid antigens such as alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) to CD1d-restricted natural killer (NK) T cells. Using CD1d knockout mice we demonstrated that CD1d expression is required for the development of NK T cells. These animals were also deficient in the rapid production of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma in response to stimulation by anti-CD3 antibodies. Despite these defects, CD1d knockout animals were able to generate strong T-helper type 1 (TH1) and TH2 responses. Spleen cells from these animals neither proliferated nor produced cytokines in response to stimulation by alpha-GalCer. Repeated injection of alpha-GalCer into wild-type but not CD1d mutant mice was able to clear metastatic tumors. We further showed that alpha-GalCer can inhibit disease in diabetes-prone non-obese diabetic mice. Collectively, these findings with CD1d knockout animals indicate a critical role for CD1d-dependent T cells in various disease conditions, and suggest that alpha-GalCer may be useful for therapeutic intervention in these diseases.
Smallpox Virus Stocks (1994)

Having thus far stayed out of the debate about smallpox destruction, I am moved to comment on the thoughtful Policy Forums published recently in Science (19 Nov., pp. 1223 and 1225) where two sets of eminent virologists (B. W. J. Mahy et al. and W. K. Joklik et al.) come to such opposite conclusions.
Countrywide epidemiology of B, C and Delta hepatitis in Burkina Faso: the ANRS 12270 clustered cross-sectional study (2017)

International audience
Coefficient test for stability analysis of iterative learning control systems (2002)

A coefficient test for determining the stability of a class of iterative learning control systems is presented. The test is similar to the Routh test used to study the stability of dynamic systems. The test provides both necessary and sufficient conditions for iterative learning system stability and is useful in the design of iterative learning control systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The polarographic method of analysis. II. Apparatus (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe polarographic method of analysis. II. ApparatusOtto H. Müller Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1941, 18, 3, 111Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1941Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 March 1941Published inissue 1 March 1941https://doi.org/10.1021/ed018p111RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (4 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Q-switched operation of a coupled-resonator vertical-cavity laser diode (2000)

We report Q-switched operation from an electrically injected monolithic coupled-resonator structure which consists of an active cavity with InGaAs quantum wells optically coupled to a passive cavity. The passive cavity contains a bulk GaAs region which is reverse biased to provide variable absorption at the lasing wavelength of 990 nm. Cavity coupling is utilized to effect large changes in output intensity with only very small changes in passive cavity absorption. The device is shown to produce pulses as short as 150 ps at repetition rates as high as 4 GHz. A rate equation approach is used to model the Q-switched operation yielding good agreement between the experimental and theoretical pulse shape. Small-signal frequency response measurements also show a transition from a slower (∼300 MHz) forward-biased modulation regime to a faster (∼2 GHz) modulation regime under reverse-bias operation.
On the accuracy limits of different integral-equation formulations for numerical solution of dielectric bodies of revolution (1985)

In this paper, the numerical solution of electromagnetic scattering by lossless and lossy homogeneous bodies of revolution is investigated. Five different integral-equation formulations are considered, and the dependence of the accuracy of their solution on the object size and permittivity is examined. This is achieved by selecting spheres as the scattering objects and comparing the numerically generated data with analytic solutions.
Cisco Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) (1998)

This document reflects an existing deployed protocol.The IETF does have a working group which is in the process of producing a standards track protocol to address the same issues.