gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B-Virus and Free-Ranging Macaques, Puerto Rico (2004)

In Puerto Rico, risk for transmission of B-virus from free-ranging rhesus monkeys to humans has become a serious challenge. An incident with an injured rhesus monkey, seropositive for B-virus, resulted in inappropriate administration of antiviral postexposure prophylaxis. This incident underscores the importance of education about risks associated with interactions between humans and nonhuman primates.
Length control of filamentous structures in cells by the limiting pool mechanism (2016)

Abstract How the size of organelles in cells is controlled despite a constant turnover of their constituent parts is a central problem in cell biology. A general mechanism has been proposed based on the idea that an organelle grows by self-assembly of molecular subunits that freely diffuse in the cytoplasm. Assembly continues until the available pool of subunits is depleted to the point when the stochastic addition and removal of subunits is balanced, leading to a structure of well-defined size. Here we focus on length control of multiple filamentous structures in cells, such as actin cables and flagella. Using queueing theory and computation we show that the limiting pool mechanism leads to three different phases of assembly, starting with a rapid growth phase when all filaments quickly accumulate a large number of available subunits. Then, the slower growing filamentous structures enter a disassembly phase as they gradually lose all of their subunits to the faster growing structures. Finally, when multiple, equivalent fast-growing filaments are present, their lengths undergo protracted diffusive dynamics due to the stochastic swapping of subunits between them. This eventually leads to a broad, power-law distribution of filament lengths in steady state. Our findings demonstrate that the limiting-pool mechanism is incapable of controlling lengths of multiple filamentous structures that are assembled from a common pool of subunits, and at best, can produce only one filament of a well-defined size. Overall, our theoretical results reveal physical limitations of the limiting-pool mechanism of organelle size control. Significance Statement What determines the size of organelles in cells is a classic problem in cell biology. Recent experiments on mitotic spindles, and nucleolus have singled out the limiting-pool mechanism of size control. As these structures assemble, they deplete a finite pool of subunits present in the cell, thereby reducing the rate of subunit addition. Eventually the stochastic addition and removal of subunits are balanced and a well-defined size is achieved. We find that, while the limiting-pool mechanism does control the size of an individual structure, it fails when multiple structures are competing for the same pool of subunits. In that case we predict large size fluctuations and that the fastest growing structure takes up practically all the subunits from the pool.
Protegrins: structural requirements for inactivating elementary bodies of Chlamydia trachomatis (1996)

We tested 20 protegrins against Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 (L2/434/Bu). Five of the protegrins had native structures; the others included nonamidated, enantiomeric, and truncated variants and peptides with <2 disulfide bonds. Antichlamydial activity resided principally in residues 5 to 15 of native protegrin PG-1, and optimal activity required both intramolecular disulfide bonds.
Dynamic routing of locally restorable bandwidth guaranteed tunnels using aggregated link usage information (2002)

We consider a new QoS routing problem which requires the on-line routing of a bandwidth guaranteed path along with the setting up of bypass paths for every link or node traversed by the primary active path. The bypass paths are used for fast local restoration where upon a link or node failure, the first upstream node re-establishes path continuity (with bandwidth guarantees) by switching to the bypass path for the failed node or link, The routing objective is to minimize the bandwidth usage for each connection so as optimize use of network resources while protecting against single node or link failure. Bandwidth efficiency is achieved by exploiting the potential for inter-demand and intra-demand backup bandwidth sharing. We develop a new algorithm for this routing problem which only uses aggregated link usage information (total bandwidth consumed on each link by active paths, total bandwidth consumed on each link by backup paths, and the residual bandwidths) that is easily obtainable by proposed routing protocol extensions. We show that the algorithm performs well in terms of the number of rejected requests and the total bandwidth used, The main use of this algorithm is for MPLS network routing and for wavelength routing in optical networks with wavelength conversion.
Systematic Evaluation of Automotive Intrusion Detection Datasets (2022)

Some current and next generation security solutions employ machine learning and related technologies. Due to the nature of these applications, correct use of machine learning can be critical. One area that is of particular interest in this regard is the use of appropriate data for training and evaluation. In this work, we investigate different characteristics of datasets for security applications and propose a number of qualitative and quantitative metrics which can be evaluated with limited domain knowledge. We illustrate the need for such metrics by analyzing a number of datasets for anomaly and intrusion detection in automotive systems, covering both internal vehicle network and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. We demonstrate how the proposed metrics can be used to learn the strengths and weaknesses in these datasets.
Magnetic properties of NiFe sputtered on sloping surfaces (1995)

RF diode sputtered NiFe films deposited on tilted surfaces can exhibit a 90/spl deg/ rotation of the magnetic easy axis from the direction of applied magnetic field. The rotation is largely independent of the sign of the magnetostriction, indicating a shape anisotropy originating with film crystallite morphology. It is less prevalent with increasing substrate bias. At low powers a large magnetic anisotropy is observed perpendicular to the plane defined by the tilted surface normal and the substrate holder normal. It is important for the function of thin film heads that films deposited on slanted surfaces have good magnetic properties, particularly near the apex region of inductive film heads. Evaporation experiments have shown that the magnetic properties of thin NiFe films depend critically on deposition angle-of-incidence. The situation for sputtered films is more complex since the source is large and close to the substrate being coated. However, even for sputtering when the surface being coated is tilted with respect to the substrate holder and target surfaces, material will impinge asymmetrically with respect to the slanted surface normal, so some sort of averaged angle-of-incidence effect can be expected.
Phospholipids of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) (1982)

Abstract Mesocarp oil of Elaeis guineensis provides 1000~2000 ppm of phospholipids. Thin layer chromatography revealed that the major components are phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Minor components are phosphatidic acid (PA), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), and traces of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phosphatidylserine (PS) are detectable. An artifact from enzymatic transphosphatidylation in methanolic solvents was isolated and characterized as phosphatidylmethanol (PM). Phospholipids are only present at low levels (20~80 ppm) in commercial crude palm oil and they usually account for a minor part of the total elemental phosphorus of the oil. It is desirable to have low levels of phospholipids in the oil to obtain better oxidative stability and bleaching properties.
"Created" patella in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after prior patellectomy. (2005)

Currently, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most successful orthopaedic surgeries. However, the results are inferior in patients with previous patellectomy because of anteroposterior instability, residual pain, and loss of the mechanical advantage of the patella. The moment arm of the quadriceps can be restored by bone grafting the patellar tendon, and thus regaining the benefits of an intact patella that results in a better outcome after TKA. Usually it requires an additional procedure with its associated co-morbidities to harvest the bone graft. As the bone graft has to articulate with the femoral prosthesis, it has to be smooth at least on one side. The authors have described a new technique in this Chapter by which bone grafting of the patellar tendon can be achieved with use of the tibial plateau obtained from the routine tibial cut during TKA. Tibial eminence can be used as the interfacetal ridge of the "created" patella.
A Cellular Replicon-Based Phenotyping Assay to Determine Susceptibility of Hepatitis C Virus Clinical Isolates to NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors (2013)

A hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon-based protease phenotyping assay has been developed that allows determining the susceptibility of a patient's HCV protease sequence to HCV protease inhibitors. In brief, HCV protease sequences amplified from clinical samples are cloned in a transient HCV genotype 1b replicon backbone, containing a luciferase reporter gene. These protease chimeric replicons are replication-competent when electroporated into susceptible Huh7-Lunet cells. Replication can be quantified by measuring the enzymatic activity of the luciferase protein. This assay is reproducible and robust, and has a high overall success rate for determining the phenotypic susceptibility of HCV genotype 1a and 1b patient-derived protease domains to HCV protease inhibitors. In addition, the HCV genotype 1b protease shuttle backbone also supports efficient replication of HCV genotype 4 protease sequences.
CLOSED-CENTER SYSTEMS - 1966 (1966)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A typical open-center and three closed-center hydraulic systems (constant pressure, feathered pump and load-sensitive systems) are compared. No one is found to have advantages in every category (pump life, valve metering capacity, power loss and hardware cost). Selection of an optimum system for a particular vehicle requires careful analysis of vehicle functions and duty cycles.&lt;/div&gt;
Radio-frequency-sputtered tetragonal barium titanate films on silicon (1979)

Polycrystalline films of BaTiO3 displaying electron diffraction patterns identical to that of bulk tetragonal BaTiO3 and ferroelectric properties are regularly observed for BaTiO3 films thicker than 1000 Å rf-sputtered deposited at 5 Å/min onto silicon substrates at temperatures above 500°C. A severe interaction problem between the silicon substrate and the BaTiO3 contaminates the film, but can be avoided by growing a passivation barrier of SiO2 on the silicon substrate before depositing BaTiO3. Despite a coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between BaTiO3 and silicon, thin films with good electrical insulation properties can be obtained by reducing the substrate temperature during the deposition by 7.0°C/min to a final substrate temperature of 200°C.
HybridTE: Traffic Engineering for Very Low-Cost Software-Defined Data-Center Networks (2015)

The size of modern data centers is constantly increasing. As it is not economic to interconnect all machines in the data center using a full-bisection-bandwidth network, techniques have to be developed to increase the efficiency of data-center networks. The Software-Defined Network paradigm opened the door for centralized traffic engineering (TE) in such environments. Up to now, there were already a number of TE proposals for SDN-controlled data centers that all work very well. However, these techniques either use a high amount of flow table entries or a high flow installation rate that overwhelms available switching hardware, or they require custom or very expensive end-of-line equipment to be usable in practice. We present HybridTE, a TE technique that uses (uncertain) information about large flows. Using this extra information, our technique has very low hardware requirements while maintaining better performance than existing TE techniques. This enables us to build very low-cost, high performance data-center networks.
To Be or Not to Be a General Surgeon! (2011)

Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria. Reprints: Raimund Margreiter, MD, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. E-mail: [email protected]. Disclosure: The author declares that there is nothing to disclose.
Combining next-generation pyrosequencing with microarray for large scale expression analysis in non-model species (2009)

This approach provides a powerful method to rapidly build up an extensive catalog of unique transcripts that can be successfully used to develop a microarray for large scale analysis of gene expression in any species, without the need for prior sequence knowledge.
Dynamic processes of conceptual change: Analysis of constructing mental models of chemical equilibrium (2002)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate students' mental models of chemical equilibrium using dynamic science assessments. Research in chemical education has shown that students at various levels have misconceptions about chemical equilibrium. According to Chi's theory of conceptual change, the concept of chemical equilibrium has constraint‐based features (e.g., random, simultaneous, uniform activities) that might prevent students from deeply understanding the nature of the concept of chemical equilibrium. In this study, we examined how students learned and constructed their mental models of chemical equilibrium in a cognitive apprenticeship context. Thirty 10th‐grade students participated in the study: 10 in a control group and 20 in a treatment group. Both groups were presented with a series of hands‐on chemical experiments. The students in the treatment group were instructed based on the main features of cognitive apprenticeship (CA), such as coaching, modeling, scaffolding, articulation, reflection, and exploration. However, the students in the control group (non‐CA group) learned from the tutor without explicit CA support. The results revealed that the CA group significantly outperformed the non‐CA group. The students in the CA group were capable of constructing the mental models of chemical equilibrium—including dynamic, random activities of molecules and interactions between molecules in the microworld—whereas the students in the non‐CA group failed to construct similar correct mental models of chemical equilibrium. The study focuses on the process of constructing mental models, on dynamic changes, and on the actions of students (such as self‐monitoring/self‐correction) who are learning the concept of chemical equilibrium. Also, we discuss the implications for science education. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 688–712, 2002
Improving Winter Hardiness in Nondormant Alfalfa Germplasm (2005)

Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) adapted to the midwestern USA typically becomes dormant in autumn to survive winter stress. Nondormant alfalfa germplasm produces higher biomass yield during autumn but usually dies during the winter. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that recurrent selection could decrease winter injury in nondormant alfalfa populations. Between 1997 and 2000, three cycles of selection were conducted at Ames, IA, in four nondormant cultivars (5939, GT13R+, CUF101, and Magna 8) by recurrently selecting the most vigorous plants in the spring following establishment. In May 2001, the original cultivars and the three cycles of selection (C0, C1, C2, and C3) of each cultivar were transplanted with six check cultivars in the field at Ames, IA, and West Lafayette, IN. Biomass yield was measured in September and November 2001 at both locations. In November 2001, half of the plants in each plot were removed and roots were analyzed for total sugar, starch, and protein concentrations. The remaining plants were scored for winter injury in April 2002. Strong negative linear trends were observed across cycles for both winter injury and autumn plant height. In contrast, forage biomass yields showed little change. Root total sugar concentration in November increased with cycle of selection, but root starch, protein, and amino acid concentrations remained constant. Little change was noted among cycles for forage nutritive value. Selection based solely on winter injury can improve winter hardiness of nondormant populations. A concomitant decrease in autumn plant height may not affect autumn yield.
In situ RNA-RNA hybridisation of phospholipase C beta 3 shows lack of expression in neuroendocrine tumours. (2003)

Low or lack of PLCB3 expression in a subset of endocrine tumours, together with earlier published in vitro data on suppressor characteristics upon transfection, indicate that PLCB3 could be involved in the tumorigenesis in a subset of endocrine tumours.
A new pseudo-random number generator with application in RSA (2008)

This paper presents a new pseudo-random number generator, named IPCS-PRNG (Inter-Perturbations of Chaotic Systems based Pseudo-Random Number Generator), which uses the sequences generated by two chaotic systems to inter-perturb their sequence values and control parameter. The cryptographic properties of inter-perturbing sequence, which is called IP sequence in the context, are analyzed theoretically. The sensitive dependence on initial conditions, distribution, auto-correlation and cross-correlation are tested. The stability of IP sequence and logistic map is compared. A text is encrypted by RSA with IPCS-PRNG, which strengthens the ability of resisting chosen ciphertext attack, common module attack, low exponent attack and timing attack of RSA.
AtSTP3, a green leaf‐specific, low affinity monosaccharide‐H+ symporter of Arabidopsis thaliana (2000)

ABSTRACT This paper describes the expression analyses of the AtSTP3 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana , the functional characterization of the encoded protein as a new monosaccharide transporter, and introduces the AtSTP gene family. The kinetic properties of the AtSTP3 protein (for sugar transport protein 3) were studied in a hexose transport deficient mutant of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AtSTP3 represents a new monosaccharide transporter that is composed of 514 amino acids and has a calculated molecular mass of 55·9 kDa. Kinetic analyses in yeast showed that AtSTP3 is a low affinity, energy‐dependent H + symporter with a K m for D ‐glucose of 2 m M . RNase protection analyses revealed that AtSTP3 is expressed in leaves and floral tissue of Arabidopsis . This expression pattern of the AtSTP3 gene was confirmed in AtSTP3 promoter‐ β ‐glucuronidase (GUS) plants showing AtSTP3 ‐driven GUS activity in green leaves, such as cotelydons, rosette and stalk leaves and sepals. Wounding caused an induction of GUS activity in the transgenic plants and an increase of AtSTP3 mRNA levels in Arabidopsis wild‐type plants. Polymerase chain reaction analyses with degenerate primers identified additional new AtSTP genes and revealed that AtSTP3 is the member of a large family of at least 14 homologous genes coding for putative monosaccharide‐H + symporters (AtSTPs).
Bioelectrocatalysis of Fructose Dehydrogenase at Polyanilline-Modified Electrodes (2015)

Polymers can provide a suitable chemical environment for the immobilization of biomolecules in an active form on surfaces. Furthermore they can be used to wire redox proteins and enzymes with electrodes. For this purpose mainly redox polymers with well-defined redox centres and conductive polymers with intrinsic electron conductivity are applied. Polyanillines are belonging the latter class of polymers. Their properties can be easily tuned by the substitution pattern on the monomeric units. Recently we have shown that sulfonated polyanillines are suitable partners in the interaction with the enzyme PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase [1]. On the basis of efficient electron exchange different enzyme electrodes can be constructed [2-4]. In this study we have investigated whether it is possible to connect the multi-domain enzyme fructose dehydrogenase FDH with electrodes using the same group of polymers. The interaction of a sulfonated and methoxy-substituted polyanilline with FDH is studied in solution using UV/Vis spectroscopy. It can be demonstrated that electron transfer from the substrate reduced enzyme to the polymer is feasible, but also that this interaction is enhanced by the presence of calcium ions. Subsequently the reaction has been investigated by electrochemical means with all partners in solution verifying the spectroscopic results. In a next step of development the enzyme has been fixed on planar ITO electrodes by means of a polymer layer. Such an enzyme electrode exhibits effective, substrate-induced bioelectrocatalysis starting at rather low potential (~0mV vs Ag/AgCl). The efficiency can be significantly enhanced when macroporous ITO electrodes are used. They have pore size diameters of ~ 300nm and allow incorporation of higher amounts of polymer and enzyme. A current enhancement of ~ 35 is found compared to the flat ITO. The study demonstrates that sulfonated polyanillines can be considered as valuable matrices in connecting redox enzymes with electrodes. [1] D. Sarauli; C.G. Xu; B. Dietzel; B. Schulz; F. Lisdat, Acta Biomater. 2013 , 9 , 8290 [2] I. Schubart; G. Göbel; F. Lisdat, Electrochimica Acta 2012 , 82 , 224 [3] D. Sarauli, C.G. Xu, B. Dietzel, B. Schulz, F. Lisdat, Journal of Materials Chemistry B 2 (21) 2014 3151-3404 [4] D. Sarauli, K. Peters, Xu, B. Schulz, D. Fattakhova-Rohlfing, F. Lisdat, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014 , 6 , 17887
Quantum simulation architecture for lattice bosons in arbitrary, tunable, external gauge fields (2013)

I describe a lattice of asymmetrical qubit pairs in arbitrary dimension, with couplings arranged so that the motion of single-qubit excited states mimics the behavior of charged lattice bosons hopping in a magnetic field. I show, in particular, that one can choose the parameters of the many-body circuit to reach a regime where the complex hopping phase between any two elements can be tuned to any value by simply adjusting the relative phases of two applied oscillating voltage signals. I also propose specific realizations of our model using coupled three junction flux qubits or transmon qubits, in which one can reach the strongly interacting bosonic quantum Hall limit where one will find anyonic excitations. This model could also be studied in trapped ions, and the superconducting circuits could be used for topological quantum computation.
Dispersion resulting from phase and amplitude errors in arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexers–demultiplexers (2000)

We report dispersion resulting from phase and amplitude errors in arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexers–demultiplexers. We measure the phase- and amplitude-error distributions of two different types of AWG and discuss their effects on the dispersion. The results show that the origin of the dispersion in the AWG is the low-order Fourier components of the symmetric phase and the antisymmetric amplitude errors. We also discuss the dependence of the dispersion on the passband shape in the presence of the same fabrication errors.