gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of tumor PD-L1 expression and immune biomarkers with clinical activity in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors treated with nivolumab (anti-PD-1; BMS-936558; ONO-4538). (2013)

3016 Background: The immune checkpoint receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) negatively regulates T-cell activation. In a phase I study, nivolumab, a PD-1 receptor blocking antibody, demonstrated durable clinical activity. Evaluation of the expression of the PD-1 ligand, PD-L1, by IHC with the 5H1 Ab suggested a correlation between pretreatment tumor PD-L1 expression and clinical response (Topalian et al, NEJM 2012). Methods: 304 pts with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n=127), melanoma (MEL, n=107), renal cell (RCC, n=34), colorectal (n=19) or prostate cancer (n=17) received nivolumab between 2008-2012 (0.1−10 mg/kg IV Q2W) during dose escalation and/or cohort expansion. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed to explore potential pharmacodynamic/ predictive biomarkers associated with nivolumab therapy. Tumor surface PD-L1 expression was evaluated by IHC using an automated assay based on a sensitive and specific PD-L1 mAb (28-8) distinct from 5H1. PD-L1 positivity (PD-L1+) was defined as ≥5% cell membrane staining of any intensity. Lymphocyte subsets in PBMC were measured using flow cytometry. Results: Tumor membrane PD-L1 was measured in 101 MEL and NSCLC pts. 17/38 (45%) of MEL and 31/63 (49%) of NSCLC biopsies were PD-L1+. A numerically higher objective response rate (ORR), longer progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) was seen with PD-L1+ in MEL pts (Table).Analysis of the association of PD-L1 expression with ORR, PFS and OS in NSCLC is ongoing. A correlative analysis of pt response with pre-/post-dose levels of lymphocytes will be presented. Conclusions: These data, using a novel, automated PD-L1 IHC assay and mAb, support the hypothesis of tumor PDL1+ predicting activity of nivolumab in advanced cancer, which is being prospectively assessed in phase III trials. Clinical trial information: NCT00730639. [Table: see text]
Genotypic subtyping of hepatitis C virus (1993)

Four subtypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV), Pt(I), K1(II), K2a(III) and K2b(IV), have been suggested based on the nucleotide sequences of the non-structural (NS) 5 region. A fifth subtype from Japanese patients, Tr(V), which shows a less than 68% homology in nucleotide sequence when compared with other subtypes has been identified. A one-step method which enables a quick determination of subtype using polymerase chain reaction with a mixed primer set deduced from the sequence of each subtype has been developed. Using this technique, the subtypes of 418 out of 478 Japanese patients (87.4%) were determined. The incidence of each subtype in Japan was as follows: K1(II), 307 (73.4%); K2a(III), 74 (17.7%); K2b(IV), 28 (6.7%); and Tr(V), 3 (0.7%). This one-step subtyping technique should be useful for studying the epidemiology or biology of the HCV.
A Scene Representation Based on Multi-Modal 2D and 3D Features (2007)

Visually extracted 2D and 3D information have their own advantages and disadvantages that complement each other. Therefore, it is important to be able to switch between the different dimensions according to the requirements of the problem and use them together to combine the reliability of 2D information with the richness of 3D information. In this article, we use 2D and 3D information in a feature-based vision system and demonstrate their complementary properties on different applications (namely: depth prediction, scene interpretation, grasping from vision and object learning).
Estimation of attenuator mask from region of interest (ROI) dose-reduced images for brightness equalization using convolutional neural networks (2019)

Region-of-Interest (ROI) fluoroscopy uses a differential x-ray attenuator to reduce the dose to the patient in the periphery region while maintaining regular dose within the ROI treatment area, resulting in an image with differential brightness regions. The brightness difference can be corrected by subtracting a mask of the ROI attenuator from the dose-reduced image. The purpose of this work is to implement a Convolutional-Neural-Network (CNN) capable of deriving a mask of the ROI attenuator from the dose-reduced images, which can be used to equalize the brightness in the dose-reduced images without a pre-acquired mask. A data set of 10,000 ROI dose reduced images of various objects including anthropomorphic head and chest phantoms were generated with different ROI positions and sizes. A 22 layer CNN was developed to derive a mask of the ROI attenuator from the dose reduced image. The network was trained on 30% and tested on 15% of the images from the ROI image data set. The trained CNN was used on the remaining 55% of the data set to generate the ROI mask, and the average computation time for each image was calculated to be 70 ms. The Mean-Square-Error (MSE) for the testing data set was calculated to be 2.03e-05. For the remaining data set of 5500 images the average MSE between the network output and the corresponding expected ROI mask was calculated to be 2.21e-05. The masks generated by the CNN were successfully used to restore and equalize the brightness of the dose reduced images.
The Chemistry of 2,5-Anhydro-L-arabinose1 (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of 2,5-Anhydro-L-arabinose1Margaret Cifonelli, J. A. Cifonelli, R. Montgomery, and F. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 1, 121–125Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1955https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01606a038RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (693 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Structure‐function studies of heparin‐binding (acidic fibroblast) growth factor‐1 using site‐directed mutagenesis (1991)

The heparin-binding or fibroblast growth factors (HBGFs) modulate cell growth and migration, angiogenesis, wound repair, neurite extension, and mesoderm induction. Relatively little is known regarding the precise mechanism of action of these growth factors or the structural basis for their action. A better understanding of the structural basis for the different activities of these proteins should lead to the development of agonists and antagonists of specific HBGF activities. In this report, we summarize evidence that indicates that the heparin-binding and mitogenic activities of HBGF-1 can be dissociated from the receptor-binding activities of the growth factor by site-directed mutagenesis of a single lysine residue. Thus, the mutant HBGF-1 has normal receptor-binding activity and is capable of stimulating tyrosine kinase activity and proto-oncogene expression but is not able to elicit a mitogenic response. A similar dissociation of early events such as proto-oncogene expression from the mitogenic response is observed when the human wild-tupe HBGF-1 is used in the absence of added heparin. These results indicate that intracellular sites of action by the growth factor may be required to complete the mitogenic response. Further evidence for this idea is provided by transfection experiments where NIH 3T3 cells are engineered to produce large quantities of wild-type or mutant HBGF-1. Production of wild-type induces a transformed phenotype, whereas over-production of the mutant does not. The majority of both forms of the protein is found in the nuclear fraction of the transfected cells. Additional site-directed mutagenesis of putative nuclear translocation sequences in the wild-type protein do not affect mitogenic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Solar Light Induced Photon-Assisted Synthesis of TiO2 Supported Highly Dispersed Ru Nanoparticle Catalysts (2018)

Ru/TiO₂ are promising heterogeneous catalysts in different key-reactions taking place in the catalytic conversion of biomass towards fuel additives, biofuels, or biochemicals. TiO₂ supported highly dispersed nanometric-size metallic Ru catalysts were prepared at room temperature via a solar light induced photon-assisted one-step synthesis in liquid phase, far smaller Ru nanoparticles with sharper size distribution being synthesized when compared to the catalysts that were prepared by impregnation with thermal reduction in hydrogen. The underlying strategy is based on the redox photoactivity of the TiO₂ semi-conductor support under solar light for allowing the reduction of metal ions pre-adsorbed at the host surface by photogenerated electrons from the conduction band of the semi-conductor in order to get a fine control in terms of size distribution and dispersion, with no need of chemical reductant, final thermal treatment, or external hydrogen. Whether acetylacetonate or chloride was used as precursor, 0.6 nm sub-nanometric metallic Ru particles were synthesized on TiO₂ with a sharp size distribution at a low loading of 0.5 wt.%. Using the chloride precursor was necessary for preparing Ru/TiO₂ catalysts with a 0.8 nm sub-nanometric mean particle size at 5 wt.% loading, achieved in basic conditions for benefitting from the enhanced adsorption between the positively-charged chloro-complexes and the negatively-charged TiO₂ surface. Remarkably, within the 0.5⁻5 wt.% range, the Ru content had only a slight influence on the sub-nanometric particle size distribution, thanks to the implementation of suitable photo-assisted synthesis conditions. We demonstrated further that a fine control of the metal Ru nanoparticle size on the TiO₂ support was possible via a controlled nanocluster growth under irradiation, while the nanoparticles revealed a good resistance to thermal sintering.
Metal Trench Waveguides: Experiments and Analysis (2019)

A trench in a metal can be considered as a complex coupled assembly of stripe and wedge plasmonic waveguides. The plasmonic modes of the GW are only the 2 first Transverse Magnetic (TM) modes, while all other modes are either oscillatory or evanescent. The dramatic change in the modal characteristics stems from the fact that as the metal becomes thicker, the TM polarized single surface plasmons on both sides of the metal detach. Symmetric trench structures can be used to guide plasmons for long distances – similar and even better than thin metal stripes. When the metal is thicker than the skin depth the internal metal walls are contributing additional types of modes which are confined predominantly within the trench and have field polarization of plasmons of the inner vertical walls. Trench waveguides are shown to be superior compared to their complimentary stripe structures both at the micrometer and nanometer regime.
Abstract 19443: Riociguat for the Treatment of Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Single-dose, Double-blind, Randomised, Placebo-controlled Cross-over Study (DIGIT) (2015)

Background: Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is a digital ischemia caused by vasoconstriction in the digital blood vessels. Triggers of RP include cold and stress. Medical therapy for RP is unsatisfactory, with many patients not responding to treatment. Here we investigated the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of riociguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, in patients with RP. Methods: Patients who had primary RP or secondary RP associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc), and a symptom duration of ≥1 year, were randomized to receive a single oral dose of riociguat 2 mg or placebo. Digital blood flow (DBF) in the right index finger was determined by Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis at room temperature (RT) and after 5 minutes of cold water exposure (CWE), both at baseline and 2 hours after study drug administration. Results: In the patients valid for evaluation (n=20), treatment with riociguat led to an increase in DBF versus baseline of 40.6% at RT and 15.1% after CWE. Based on predefined criteria, patients were considered responders if the placebo-corrected DBF after CWE increased by ≥10% versus baseline at 2 hours after drug intake. This was the case in 12/20 (60%) patients. The highest response rates were seen in patients with primary RP and limited cutaneous SSc, whereas patients with RP associated with diffuse cutaneous SSc responded less well. In responders, riociguat led to an increase in DBF versus baseline of 135.7% at RT and 38.9% after CWE. Riociguat Cmax (SD) 2 hours after drug intake was 76 (1.5) μg/ml, which is in the range previously seen in healthy volunteers and patients with pulmonary hypertension. Comparable Cmax values were observed in responders (81 [1.5] μg/ml) and non-responders (71 [1.6] μg/ml). AEs were reported in 5 patients receiving riociguat (headache, n=4; dyspepsia, n=1) and 1 patient receiving placebo (malaise). No serious AEs were reported. Conclusions: In this small pilot study, riociguat was well tolerated in patients with primary and secondary RP, and improved DBF versus placebo in 60% of patients after cold exposure.
Evaluation of Infection Processes and Resulting Disease Caused byDendryphion penicillatumandPleospora papaveraceaonPapaver somniferum (2000)

ABSTRACT Two pathogenic fungi of opium poppy, Pleospora papaveracea and Dendryphion penicillatum, were isolated from field material in Beltsville, MD. The processes of infection by these two fungi were studied to determine the optimal environmental conditions for infection. Both fungi formed appressoria capable of penetrating directly through the plant epidermal layer. Of the two fungi, P. papaveracea was more aggressive, causing more rapid necrosis. Appressorial formation by P. papaveracea occurred as early as 4 h after application of a conidial suspension to poppy leaves. P. papaveracea formed more appressoria than did D. penicillatum, especially at cool temperatures (7 to 13 degrees C). In greenhouse studies, P. papaveracea caused more damage to opium poppy than did D. penicillatum when applied in 10% unrefined corn oil. In the field, P. papaveracea was more consistent in its effects on opium poppy from a local seed source designated Indian Grocery. P. papaveracea caused higher disease ratings, more stem lesions, and equal or greater yield losses than did D. penicillatum on Indian Grocery. The late-maturing opium poppy variety White Cloud was severely damaged by disease, regardless of formulation or fungal treatment. P. papaveracea was the predominant fungus isolated from poppy seed capsules and the only fungus reisolated from the field the following year. These studies provide a better understanding of the infection process and the differences between these two pathogenic fungi and will be beneficial for the development of the fungi as biological control agents.
Sequential decision making with vector outcomes (2014)

We study a multi-round optimization setting in which in each round a player may select one of several actions, and each action produces an outcome vector, not observable to the player until the round ends. The final payoff for the player is computed by applying some known function f to the sum of all outcome vectors (e.g., the minimum of all coordinates of the sum). We show that standard notions of performance measure (such as comparison to the best single action) used in related expert and bandit settings (in which the payoff in each round is scalar) are not useful in our vector setting. Instead, we propose a different performance measure, and design algorithms that have vanishing regret with respect to our new measure.
A delicate balance: collection development and women's history (1995)

Argues that women's history is a player in the history of collection development, although its awards are obscured in library history. Pioneer women librarians shaped children's collections beyond the structural initiation of service into an expanded vision of service, a sense of transgressing boundaries in order to advocate and mediate for children and their literature. Considers the philosophy and work of Caroline Hewins and Anne Carroll Moore, which presents a paradigm of building collections for a larger community that is now part of the planning process for public libraries and an ongoing model of activist service through collections.
Direct, efficient coupling into slow light photonic crystal waveguide: Role of evanescent modes (2009)

Efficient coupling between fast and slow PC waveguide modes is possible if strong evanescent modes are needed to match the fields across the interface. This occurs when the propagating modes have substantially different modal fields.
Manycore network interfaces for in-memory rack-scale computing (2015)

Datacenter operators rely on low-cost, high-density technologies to maximize throughput for data-intensive services with tight tail latencies. In-memory rack-scale computing is emerging as a promising paradigm in scale-out datacenters capitalizing on commodity SoCs, low-latency and high-bandwidth communication fabrics and a remote memory access model to enable aggregation of a rack's memory for critical data-intensive applications such as graph processing or key-value stores. Low latency and high bandwidth not only dictate eliminating communication bottlenecks in the software protocols and off-chip fabrics but also a careful on-chip integration of network interfaces. The latter is a key challenge especially in architectures with RDMA-inspired one-sided operations that aim to achieve low latency and high bandwidth through on-chip Network Interface (NI) support. This paper proposes and evaluates network interface architectures for tiled manycore SoCs for in-memory rack-scale computing. Our results indicate that a careful splitting of NI functionality per chip tile and at the chip's edge along a NOC dimension enables a rack-scale architecture to optimize for both latency and bandwidth. Our best manycore NI architecture achieves latencies within 3% of an idealized hardware NUMA and efficiently uses the full bisection bandwidth of the NOC, without changing the on-chip coherence protocol or the core's microarchitecture.
데이터 특성을 고려한 과학데이터 아카이브 시스템 설계를 위한 Data Curation Profile 분석 (2016)

본 논문에서는 과학 데이터 특성을 고려한 아카이브 시스템 설계를 위한 Data Curation Profile을 분석한다. Data Curation Profile은 생명과학데이터, 천문우주 데이터, 지질 데이터화학데이터, 사회과학데이터 등과 같은 13개의 과학데이터로 이루어져 있다. 13개의 과학데이터의 분석된 내용을 바탕으로 아카이브 시스템...
Association of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and X‐linked chronic granulomatous disease in a child with anemia and recurrent infections (2004)

Patients with severe leukocyte G6PD deficiency may present with impairment of NADPH oxidase activity and a history of recurrent infections, mimicking the phenotype of chronic granulomatous disease. We report herein a child with recurrent infections who initially received the diagnosis of G6PD deficiency. His erythrocyte G6PD activity was reduced: 1.8 U/g Hb (normal: 12.1 +/- 2.1 U/g Hb). Further studies revealed that G6PD activity in neutrophils, mononuclear leukocytes, and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-lymphocytes from the proband was similar to healthy controls. Molecular studies showed that the G6PD deficiency was due a 202 G-->A mutation, the A- variant common in African ethnic groups. The proband also exhibited severely impaired respiratory burst activity, as observed in X-linked CGD. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA showed a 264 G-->A substitution at the 3' splice junction of gp91-phox exon 3. The cDNA sequence showed a deletion of gp91-phox exon 3, giving rise to an unstable or nonfunctional mutant gp91-phox and to the phenotype of X-linked CGD. We propose that clinicians treating a patient with G6PD deficiency during a severe infection episode consider the possibility of temporary or permanent impairment of the phagocytes' microbicidal activity and the eventual association of G6PD deficiency and chronic granulomatous disease.
Extracting rights and obligations from regulations (2007)

Security, privacy and governance are increasingly the focus of government regulations in the U.S., Europe and elsewhere. This trendhas created a "regulation compliance problem", whereby companiesand developers are required to ensure that their software complies with relevant regulations, either through design or reengineering. We previously proposed a methodology for extracting stakeholder requirements, called rights and obligations, from regulations. In this paper, we examine the challenges of developing tool support for this process. We apply the Cerno framework for textual semantic annotation to propose a tool for semi-automatic semantic annotation of concepts that constitute sources of requirements
A SVM-based detection approach for GPS spoofing attacks to UAV (2017)

Today, the necessity of strong cyber security measures is self-evident. The proliferation of cyber attacks is causing increasing damage to companies, governments and individuals and it is not just the number of cyber security attacks that is increasing: the severity of these attacks is on the rise as well. In particular, aviation systems and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems are of highest importance in terms of safety and security. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to the detection of Global Positioning System (GPS) spoofing attack to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) based on the analysis of state estimation using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a tool for the anomaly detection.
Correlation-based method for comparing and reconstructing nearly identical two-dimensional structures (2001)

A method for comparing and reconstructing two nearly identical planar objects that are composed of the same number of identical apertures is presented. These structures differ only in the location of one of the apertures. The method is based on a subtraction algorithm, which involves the cross-correlation and autocorrelation functions of the compared structures. Simulated results illustrate the feasibility of the method.
Photonic Generation of RF and Microwave Frequencies (2007)

Photonics technology has enabled the generation of highly spectrally pure and stable reference signals at frequencies ranging from 1-100 GHz, and beyond. This talk presents recent developments and future prospects in the field.