gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor-Associated Autoantibodies: Re-Optimization of EarlyCDT-Lung Diagnostic Performance and Its Application to Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodules (2017)

Background: Low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening reduces lung cancer mortality but costs are prohibitive for most healthcare budgets due to high false positive rates. An adjunctive test able to distinguish malignant from benign pulmonary nodules would be hugely beneficial. EarlyCDT-Lung measures serum autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens and has found clinical acceptance to aid early detection of lung cancer for high risk patients. However performance was optimized for screening. The construction of a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve would enable optimization of performance for alternative settings, including nodule malignancy. Methods: A Monte-Carlo search method was used to construct a ROC curve using a case-control cohort, enabling high and low specificity versions of EarlyCDT-Lung to be determined. These were used for a theoretical evaluation of a nodule cohort, and positive predictive value (PPV) was calculated under the assumption of independence of risk source. Patients or their nodules are typically classified into three risk groups: low (0% - 10%), intermediate (10% - 65%) and high (>65%) risk of malignancy. The predicted shift in risk group by application of the high and low specificity versions, along with the current commercial EarlyCDT-Lung, was then estimated. Results: The ROC curve, with an area under the curve of 0.743, was constructed. The high specificity (98%), low specificity (49%) and current commercial (91% specificity) versions of EarlyCDT-Lung re-classified 27%, 23% and 26% of intermediate nodules, respectively, to either a higher (10%, 8% and 10%) or lower (17%, 15% and 16%) risk group. Conclusion: A ROC curve was constructed to allow performance prediction of EarlyCDT-Lung at different specificities in the indeterminate nodule setting. This enabled risk re-classification of intermediate risk nodules, and could therefore facilitate alternative more appropriate intervention. We have shown how a multivariate biomarker test can add to the interpretation of pulmonary nodules and therefore aid patient management.
TheXMM‐NewtonDetection of Diffuse Inverse Compton X‐Rays from Lobes of the FR II Radio Galaxy 3C 98 (2005)

The XMM-Newton observation of the nearby FR-II radio galaxy 3C 98 is reported. In two exposures on the target, faint diffuse X-ray emission associated with the radio lobes was significantly detected, together with a bright X-ray active nucleus, of which the 2 -- 10 keV intrinsic luminosity is (4 -- 8) \times 10^{42} erg s-1. The EPIC spectra of the northern and southern lobes are reproduced by a single power law model modified by the Galactic absorption, with a photon index of 2.2-0.5+0.6 and 1.7-0.6+0.7 respectively. These indices are consistent with that of the radio synchrotron spectrum, 1.73 +- 0.01 The luminosity of the northern and southern lobes are measured to be 8.3-2.6+3.3 \times 10^{40} erg s-1 and 9.2-4.3+5.7 \times 10^{40} erg s-1, respectively, in the 0.7 -- 7 keV range. The diffuse X-ray emission is interpreted as an inverse-Compton emission, produced when the synchrotron-emitting energetic electrons in the lobes scatter off the cosmic microwave background photons. The magnetic field in the lobes is calculated to be about 1.7 \mu G, which is about 2.5 times lower than the value estimated under the minimum energy condition. The energy density of the electrons is inferred to exceed that in the magnetic fields by a factor of 40 -- 50.
Adaptive synergy between catechol and lysine promotes wet adhesion by surface salt displacement (2015)

In physiological fluids and seawater, adhesion of synthetic polymers to solid surfaces is severely limited by high salt, pH, and hydration, yet these conditions have not deterred the evolution of effective adhesion by mussels. Mussel foot proteins provide insights about adhesive adaptations: Notably, the abundance and proximity of catecholic Dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) and lysine residues hint at a synergistic interplay in adhesion. Certain siderophores—bacterial iron chelators—consist of paired catechol and lysine functionalities, thereby providing a convenient experimental platform to explore molecular synergies in bioadhesion. These siderophores and synthetic analogs exhibit robust adhesion energies (E(ad) ≥-15 millijoules per square meter) to mica in saline pH 3.5 to 7.5 and resist oxidation. The adjacent catechol-lysine placement provides a "one-two punch," whereby lysine evicts hydrated cations from the mineral surface, allowing catechol binding to underlying oxides.
Maximizing Efficiency of Electromagnetic Resonance Wireless Power Transmission Systems with Adaptive Circuits (2012)

resonance will be derived and analytically solved. From the solution, above effect could be easily clarified and key concepts including frequency splitting and impedance matching will be mentioned as well. In addition, adaptive circuits, called antenna-locked loops (ALL), are studied to maintain the optimal resonant condition, realize the maximum wireless power transfer efficiency and execute precision resonant frequency optimization by setting the resonant condition with the low Q factor to detect any possible incoming power, then increasing the Q factor while maintaining the resonant condition. This chapter is organized as follows. In Section 2, Subsection 2.1 introduces a system model and circuit analysis of a four-coil system. Subsection 2.2 describes a comparison of different types of coupling mechanism, while a case of multiple receivers in WPT system is mentioned in Subsection 2.3. Subsection 2.4 shows experimental results. The ideas for ALL systems are presented in Section 3. Finally, Section 4 provides conclusion.
Deep Learning Applications to Unstructured Geological Data: From Rock Images Characterization to Scientific Literature Mining (2020)

Summary In the last decade, Deep Learning applications to unstructured data, such as images and texts, has known significant technical progress and democratization. However successfully adapting these technologies to geological data and activities is far from straightforward. As a contribution to the digital transformation of the subsurface industries, in this study we present three promising Deep Learning applications to unstructured geological data. The first use case is an automated classification of macroscopic rock samples pictures with convolutional neural networks. The second use case is an accelerated delineation of foraminifera micro-fossils on thin sections scans using segmentation algorithms. The third use case is an assisted mining of scientific texts to characterize hydrocarbon source rock formations, based on an entity extraction engine. From these use cases, we highlight the main challenges to expect in similar projects and share some good practices. Notably, we describe innovative methods to embed prior geological knowledge in the algorithms, to handle situations where only little training data is available, and to distribute the corresponding codes to geologists in user-friendly ways.
CXCV.—Synthetical experiments in the isoquinoline group. Part II (1925)

R. D. Haworth, W. H. Perkin and J. Rankin, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1925, 127, 1444 DOI: 10.1039/CT9252701444
Periprocedural anticoagulation therapy for devices and atrial fibrillation ablation (2012)

This EP Wire surveyed clinical practice with regard to the use of antithrombotic therapy in relation to device implantation (pacemakers, ICT, resynchronization therapy) and atrial fibrillation ablation in 71 centres-members of the European Heart Rhythm Association research network. The results of this survey show variation in clinical practice, but reassuringly some consistency with guidelines and consensus recommendations on the management of periprocedure (devices, ablation) antithrombotic therapy.
Opening of the mouse zona pellucida by laser without a micromanipulator (1993)

A contact-free laser system is described for ablation of the embryonic mouse zona pellucida using a pulsed excimer 308 nm laser. Effects on further embryonic development were evaluated. Zonae of 8- to 16-cell mouse embryos were either lased (n = 189), zona-drilled with acidified Tyrode's solution (n = 183) or left zona-intact (n = 188). Blastocyst formation (99-100%) was similar in the three groups. Hatching occurred earlier in lased embryos compared to those of the control group. These blastocysts hatched through the laser ablated area. Significantly more embryos were hatching on day 4 in the conventionally drilled group when compared to the laser treated group (50% versus 24% respectively). On day 7 of development, significantly (P < 0.05) more embryos conventionally zona-drilled (37%) were intact than those which were previously laser treated (10%). Abnormal development was also noted in a small group of embryos which were lased just on the outside of the zona in comparison to 1/3 of an embryonic width away from the zona. The current results suggest that apparently precise zona laser ablation with an excimer laser at 308 nm may have potential adverse effects which may only be manifested after a prolonged period of culture past the cavitation stage. However, implantation rates of morphologically normal laser abalated embryos were not impaired when compared to control embryos.
Effects of fissure cleaning methods, drying agents, and fissure morphology on microleakage and penetration ability of sealants in vitro. (2004)

Neither air abrasion with acid etching nor the use of post-etching drying agents decreased microleakage and improved the penetration ability of sealants significantly compared to the conventional sealant application. Fissure type was significantly related to the penetration ability of sealants.
Gloss evaluation and prediction of achromatic low‐gloss textured surfaces from the automotive industry (2015)

Abstract In this article, we investigate the benefit of including texture information in models of gloss perception of low‐gloss textured achromatic plastic surfaces from the automotive industry. 4 models are compared: two gloss prediction models including texture information, one using data from reflectometry (M1) and one using data from goniophotometry (M2), and two models using data from reflectometry (M3) or goniophotometry (M4) alone. Both texture‐corrected models (M1‐M2) outclass the uncorrected intensity‐based models, mainly because they are made texture invariant. Although the texture‐corrected reflectometer‐based prediction (M1) correlates rather well with sensory data, a more consistent fit is obtained by mixing textural to goniophotometric data (M2). This can be explained by the fact that contrast gloss is better than multiangle specular gloss at reflecting the observer's gloss evaluation strategy . © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 154–164, 2016
Effects of Nitroglycerin on Soluble Guanylate Cyclase (2002)

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a heterodimeric hemoprotein that catalyzes the conversion of GTP to cGMP. Upon binding NO to its heme cofactor, purified sGC was activated 300-fold. sGC was only activated 67-fold by nitroglycerin (GTN) and Cys; and in the absence of Cys, GTN did not activate sGC. Electronic absorption spectroscopy studies showed that upon NO binding, the Soret of ferrous sGC shifted from 431 to 399 nm. The data also revealed that activation of sGC by GTN/Cys was not via the expected ferrous heme-NO species as indicated by the absence of the 399 nm heme Soret. Furthermore, EPR studies of the reaction of GTN/Cys with sGC confirmed that no ferrous heme-NO species was formed but that there was heme oxidation. Potassium ferricyanide is known to oxidize ferrous sGC to the ferric oxidation state. Spectroscopic and activity data for the reactions of sGC with GTN alone or with K(3)Fe(CN)(6) were indistinguishable. These data suggest the following: 1) GTN/Cys do not activate sGC via GTN biotransformation to NO in vitro, and 2) in the absence of added thiol, GTN oxidizes sGC.
Novel Oligosaccharide Binding to the Cerium(IV) Bis(porphyrinate) Double Decker: Effective Amplification of a Binding Signal through Positive Homotropic Allosterism (2000)

The effective binding of oligosaccharides with large association constants (K=105–106 M−2) is achieved with the novel scaffold 1. The binding takes place in aqueous media according to a positive homotropic allosterism to form 1:2 1:saccharide complexes.
Charcoal Increases Microbial Activity in Eastern Sierra Nevada Forest Soils (2018)

Fire is an important component of forests in the western United States. Not only are forests subjected to wildfires, but fire is also an important management tool to reduce fuels loads. Charcoal, a product of fire, can have major impacts on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in forest soils, but it is unclear how these effects vary by dominant vegetation. In this study, soils collected from Jeffrey pine (JP) or lodgepole pine (LP) dominated areas and amended with charcoal derived from JP or LP were incubated to assess the importance of charcoal on microbial respiration and potential nitrification. In addition, polyphenol sorption was measured in unamended and charcoal-amended soils. In general, microbial respiration was highest at the 1% and 2.5% charcoal additions, but charcoal amendment had limited effects on potential nitrification rates throughout the incubation. Microbial respiration rates decreased but potential nitrification rates increased over time across most treatments. Increased microbial respiration may have been caused by priming of native organic matter rather than the decomposition of charcoal itself. Charcoal had a larger stimulatory effect on microbial respiration in LP soils than JP soils. Charcoal type had little effect on microbial processes, but polyphenol sorption was higher on LP-derived than JP-derived charcoal at higher amendment levels despite surface area being similar for both charcoal types. The results from our study suggest that the presence of charcoal can increase microbial activity in soils, but the exact mechanisms are still unclear.
Cigarette smoking enhances the metabolic activation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene in humans (2020)

Abstract Although it is well established that human cytochrome P450 1 family enzymes are induced by cigarette smoking through activation of the Ah receptor, it is not known whether this leads to increased metabolic activation or detoxification of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which are present in cigarette smoke and the general environment. We gave oral doses of deuterated phenanthrene ([D10]Phe), a non-carcinogenic surrogate of carcinogenic PAH such as benzo[a]pyrene, to smokers (N = 170, 1 or 10 μg doses) and non-smokers (N = 57, 1 μg dose). Bioactivation products (dihydrodiol and tetraol) and detoxification products (phenols) of [D10]Phe were determined in 6-h urine to obtain a comprehensive metabolic profile. Cigarette smoking increased the bioactivation of [D10]Phe and decreased its detoxification resulting in significantly different metabolic patterns between smokers and non-smokers (P &amp;lt; 0.01), consistent with increased cancer risk in smokers. The Phe bioactivation ratios ([D10]PheT/total [D9]OHPhe) were significantly higher (2.3 (P &amp;lt; 0.01) to 4.8 (P &amp;lt; 0.001) fold) in smokers than non-smokers. With solid human in vivo evidence, our results for the first time demonstrate that cigarette smoking enhances the metabolic activation of Phe, structurally representative of carcinogenic PAH, in humans, strongly supporting their causal role in cancers caused by smoking. The results suggest potential new methods for identifying smokers who could be at particularly high risk for cancer.
MAE Praxair Seminar Near real-time size distribution measurements of airborne nanoparticles (2008)

Airborne nanoparticles, produced as a result of natural and anthropogenic activities, are important from environmental and human health perspective. The behavior of these particles in their immediate environment is strongly dependent on their size. Size distribution measurement of these particles is best achieved using a differential mobility analyzer (DMA). In a DMA, particles are classified based on their response to applied flow and electrical force fields. While DMAs are very accurate, size distribution measurements with these instruments require significant time (~ 5 minutes) and nanoparticle measurements are often compromised by diffusion of these particles in the instrument. In this talk, I will present theory of DMA operation and recent advances in our group to make near real-time measurements of airborne nanoparticles using fast scanning DMAs. I will present theory of fast scanning and our new approach to represent instrument characteristics or transfer functions. Experimental results validating our theoretical approach will also be presented. I will also discuss the effect of the force field non-uniformities on particle spatial distribution in the DMA for diffusing particles and its effect on measurement resolution. Bio:
Supplemental Table 14 from Expression of <i>ANRIL</i>–Polycomb Complexes–<i>CDKN2A/B/ARF</i> Genes in Breast Tumors: Identification of a Two-Gene (<i>EZH2/CBX7</i>) Signature with Independent Prognostic Value (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Multivariate COX analysis of MFS for EZH2 and CBX7 combined expression levels in the series of 456 breast tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
A low-frequency passive seismic array experiment over an onshore oil field in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (2013)

ABSTRACT A low-frequency passive seismic experiment using an array of 49 3C broadband seismometers was conducted over an onshore oil field in the emirate of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. The aim of the experiment was to understand the characteristics and origins of the microseism (0.15–0.4 Hz) and microtremor (about 1–6 Hz) signals recorded, the latter having been reported as being a hydrocarbon indicator above several reservoirs in the region. The recorded array data were analyzed for their polarization, apparent velocities, and wavefront azimuths using various techniques, including spectral and time-frequency analyses, particle motion, H/V spectral ratios, and high-resolution frequency-wavenumber (f-k) analyses. In the frequency range of 0.15–0.4 Hz, the dominant feature observed consisted of double-frequency microseisms peaks generated by the nonlinear interactions of ocean waves with the shoreline along the coasts of the Arabian Sea and the Arabian Gulf. The f-k analyses confirmed that microtremor events in the frequency range of 2–3 Hz have an azimuth pointing toward a major oil pipeline and oil plant facilities to the west–southwest of the study area, as well as a motorway to the southeast. This would indicate that the microtremor events are probably caused by local sources, including the continuous movement of oil through the pipeline, the noise from oil plant facilities, as well as nearby traffic noise. This interpretation was confirmed by the polarization analysis performed on the data. The data also indicated that no clear correlation exists between the microtremor signal and local meteorological conditions. Although some body waves with an infinite apparent velocity generated by earthquakes were recorded, no other body waves that could have possibly been generated by hydrocarbon reservoirs were observed using the analyses techniques used in this study. Therefore, our results indicated that for the site under investigation, the microseism and the microtremor signals detected could not be related to the presence of hydrocarbon accumulations in the subsurface, but instead they may be attributed to local anthropogenic sources.
Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Changes in Non- and Antioxidant-Enzymatic Defense in Peppermint (Mentha piperita) (2013)

Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), a herbaceous and perennial species whichis produced mainly for the medicine and food. The peppermint plants were initiated from 10 cm-long rhizome cuttings followed by transferring into pots. The 48 h-treated plants with methyl jasmonate (MJ) concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5 mM) were assessed for their total soluble proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophylls a, b and total, anthocyanin, total carbohydrates, carotenoid, activity of antioxidant guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. The data were analyzed using completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Mean comparisons were carried out, using Duncan's multiple range test. MJ treatment caused significant changes in soluble proteins, chlorophylls (a, b and total), MDA, carbohydrates and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and POD) but had no effect on antocyanin and carotenoid. These results indicate that MJ can effectively improve the defense system and antioxidant capacity of peppermint.
Reconfigurable architecture for UTRA-TDD system (2002)

A reconfigurable architecture consisting of a digital filter and analogue-to-digital converter is proposed for a mobile terminal receiver. The architecture is scaled according to in-band and out-of-band powers. Results show that the reconfigurable architecture can save a maximum of 75 to 90% power dissipation compared to fixed architectures.
Nutritional properties of neera and palm gur. (1970)

A review on the chemical composition of neera (unfermented sweet juice from the inflorescence of fan palm, date palm, sago palm or coconut palm) and gur (or jaggery), a conversion of product of neera. Sugar-yielding palm trees in India are mostly date (Phoenix sylvestris), palmyra (Borassus flabellifer) and sago (Caryota urens). Tables show chemical composition, and content of vitamin B12, thiamine, nicotinic acid, ascorbic acid, minerals, reducing and non-reducing sugars, and amino acids of neera, and gur prepared from cane sugar, and palm (date, sago, coconut and palmyra). Nutritional studies with children and rats gave good results. Neera is said to be of good nutritive value and could be used as a fresh (cheap) drink to meet vitamin and mineral requirements of those on a poor cereal diet. Conversion of neera to gur or sugar would be more costly.
Technological Drivers in Data Centers and Telecom (2012)

We identify technological drivers for tomorrow's data centers and telecommunications 14 systems, including thermal, electrical and energy management challenges, based on discussions at the 15
Desickling of Sickled Erythrocytes by Pulsed Radio-Frequency Field (1983)

Electric fields were found to deform sickled erythrocytes. When the intensity of applied fields exceeded a threshold value, sickled erythrocytes transformed into a spherical shape. Prolonged application of the field usually caused hemolysis of erythrocytes. Deformation of red blood cells could be partly reversed if the field was turned off at an early stage. The cause of desickling may be the interaction of the field with the erythrocyte membrane and also with gelled intracellular hemoglobin S molecules.
In Vivo Kinematics of a Mobile-bearing Total Knee Prosthesis (2008)

In the total knee arthroplasty (TKA), kinematic benefic of a mobile-bearing total knee prosthesis is still arguing. Main reasons for implant failure are loosening and polyethylene wear and should be solved with new designs with mobile bearings. The kinematics of the knee prosthesis also affects the implant failure. Recently, a second generation of prostheses with a mobile-bearing was developed. The current study aimed to assess the kinematic path of the 2 nd generation mobile knee prosthesis compared to the normal knees. Using 3D/2D registration method, CT-derived 3D knee models were fitted to sequential 2D X-ray images during knee flexion. 3D kinematics of the femur and the tibia were analyzed. The 2 nd generation mobile-bearing TKA prosthesis (e.motion, Aesculap, Germany) knees showed less external rotation and knee flexion range compared to the normal knee, but the trend of external rotation was similar each other.
John Robert Schrieffer (1931–2019) (2019)

Codiscoverer of the theory of superconductivity