gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in Single and Multijunction III-V Photovoltaics on Silicon for Space Power (2005)

A collaborative research effort at MIT, Ohio State University and NASA has resulted in the demonstration of record quality gallium arsenide (GaAs) based single junction photovoltaic devices on silicon (Si) substrates. The ability to integrate highly efficient, radiation hard III-V based devices on silicon offers the potential for dramatic reductions in cell mass (approx.2x) and increases in cell area. Both of these improvements offer the potential for dramatic reductions in the cost of on-orbit electrical power. Recently, lattice matched InGaP/GaAs and metamorphic InGaP/InGaAs dual junction solar cells were demonstrated by MBE and OMVPE, respectively. Single junction GaAs on Si devices have been integrated into a space flight experiment (MISSES), scheduled to be launched to the International Space Station in March of 2005. I-V performance data from the GaAs/Si will be collected on-orbit and telemetered to ground stations daily. Microcracks in the GaAs epitaxial material, generated because of differences in the thermal expansion coefficient between GaAs and Si, are of concern in the widely varying thermal environment encountered in low Earth orbit. Ground based thermal life cycling (-80 C to + 80 C) equivalent to 1 year in LEO has been conducted on GaAs/Si devices with no discernable degradation in device performance, suggesting that microcracks may not limit the ability to field GaAs/Si in harsh thermal environments. Recent advances in the development and testing of III-V photovoltaic devices on Si will be presented.
Simulations of the Frequency Response of Implantable Glucose Sensors (2000)

The response of enzyme electrode glucose sensors implanted in tissues to physiologic blood glucose oscillations is simulated. Models describe both oxygen-based and peroxide-based glucose sensors in spatially homogeneous medium simulating some mass transfer properties of tissue. Pass-through ratios and delays are reported as a function of frequency for the oxygen-based sensor, and the effects on continuous blood glucose monitoring are illustrated using data from the literature. Certain peroxide-based sensor designs may produce common signals for different glucose concentrations, a characteristic not found in oxygen-based sensors. The dynamic response depends on the frequency of glucose oscillation and is sensitive to sensor type, enzyme activity, and diffusional resistance.
Hydrolysis of somatostatin by human tissue kallikrein after the amino acid pair Phe-Phe (1997)

Somatostatin-(1-14) was hydrolysed by human tissue kallikrein at the Phe7-Trp8 bond, after a Phe-Phe pair of amino acids, with similar kinetic parameters to those described for human high- and low-molecular-mass kininogens. Substance P and human insulin, which also contain a Phe-Phe pair in their sequences, were both resistant. More details of this hydrolytic specificity of human tissue kallikrein were obtained by synthesizing and assaying internally quenched fluorescent peptides containing the sequence of somatostatin-(1-14), as well as the reactive-centre loop of human kallikrein-binding protein (kallistatin). We also observed that human tissue kallikrein hydrolysed growth hormone-releasing hormone at the Arg11-Lys12 bond, although this peptide contains in its structure a pair of leucines (Leu22-Leu23), in contrast with the Phe-Phe pair in somatostatin. We have also demonstrated the susceptibility to human tissue kallikrein of some chromogenic peptide s with the general structure of X-Phe-Phe-p-nitroanilide and D-Pro-Phe-Phe-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide.
PIK3R3 Induces Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Promotes Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer (2014)

Class IA PI3K plays an essential role in the invasion and metastasis of cancer. However, the mechanisms and specific functions of PI3K isoforms in tumor invasion and metastasis are not fully understood. We evaluated the role of PIK3R3, a PI3K regulatory subunit encoded by the PIK3R3 gene, in colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis. Clinical specimens and cell lines data show that the expression level of PIK3R3 is associated with colorectal cancer metastasis. Overexpression of PIK3R3 increases tumor migration and invasion in vitro and promotes metastasis of colorectal cancers in vivo. Furthermore, we investigated that the overexpression of PIK3R3 depends on SNAI2, inducing significant epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Downregulation of PIK3R3 reverses this process, which possibly contributes to the enhanced invasive and metastasizing abilities of colorectal cancer cells. In this study, we found that PIK3R3 plays an important role in colorectal cancer metastasis and might be a potential and specific target for therapies against metastatic colorectal cancer.
The shared assignment game and applications to pricing in cloud computing (2014)

We propose an extension to the Assignment Game [37] in which sellers provide indivisible heterogeneous goods to their buyers. Each good takes up various amounts of resources and each seller has capacity constraints with respect to the total amount of resources it can provide. Hence, the total amount of goods that the seller can provide is dependent on the set of buyers. In this model, we first demonstrate that the core is empty and proceed to suggest a fair allocation of the resulting utility of an optimal match, using the Shapley value. We then examine scenarios where the worth and resource demands of each good are private information of selfish buyers and consider ways in which they can manipulate the system. We show that such Shapley value manipulations are bounded in terms of the gain an agent can achieve by using them. Finally, since this model can be of use when considering elastic resource allocation and utility sharing in cloud computing domains, we provide simulation results which show our approach maximizes welfare and, when used as a pricing scheme, can also increase the revenue of the cloud server providers over what is achieved with the widely-used fixed pricing scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SPIRO(PIPERIDINE‐4,6′‐DIBENZ(B,E)‐1,4‐OXATHIEPIN) AND ITS 1‐METHYL DERIVATIVE AS POTENTIAL ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS (1985)

Abstract Die Darstellung von 2‐Brom‐2′‐fluordiphenylsulfid (IIIc) wird aus 2‐Fluorthiophenol (I) und 2‐Nitrochlorbenzol (II) in drei Stufen durchgeführt.
Selective Chiral Symmetry Breaking during Crystallization:  Parity Violation or Cryptochiral Environment in Control? (2007)

We have attempted to check experimentally whether the parity violating energy difference (PVED) between enantiomers is ultimately responsible for any bias in the final homochirality of crystals, after suitable autocatalytic amplification. When two equivalent (50−50) chiral populations of l- and d-crystals (of either NaClO3 or NaBrO3) generated independently are mixed and undergo dissolution−crystallization, one of the chiral populations disappears randomly in an irreversible autocatalytic competition process that nurtures the other population. If enough experiments are carried out with this 50−50 mixture of chiral crystals, a random distribution of solutions with final l- or d- crystals is obtained in total. However, when the two populations of l- and d-crystals are generated together in the same solution and undergo a dissolution−crystallization process, a nonrandom distribution of the final handedness among different homochiral solutions is obtained. This selective symmetry breaking is sporadic although always in the same direction; thus, we discard any explanation based on PVED effects. We conclude that the result represents an experimental demonstration of selective chiral symmetry breaking on a macrocopic level brought about by cryptochiral environmental impurity.
Synchronization rules for HMM-based audio-visual laughter synthesis (2015)

In this paper we propose synchronization rules between acoustic and visual laughter synthesis systems. This work follows up our previous studies on acoustics laughter synthesis and visual laughter synthesis. The need of synchronization rules comes from the constraint that in laughter, HMM-based synthesis of laughter cannot be performed using a unified system where common transcriptions may be used. Therefore acoustic and visual models are trained independently without any synchronization constraints. In this work, we propose simple rules derived from the analysis of audio and visual laughter transcriptions in order to generate visual laughter transcriptions starting from acoustic transcriptions. A perceptive Mean Opinion Score (MOS) test is conducted to evaluate the method.
Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydrothermal Processing of C5–C6 Sugars (2016)

Biomass has been long exploited as an anthropogenic energy source; however, the 21st century challenges of energy security and climate change are driving resurgence in its utilization both as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels and as a sustainable carbon feedstock for chemicals production. Deconstruction of cellulose and hemicellulose carbohydrate polymers into their constituent C<sub>5</sub> and C<sub>6</sub> sugars, and subsequent heterogeneously catalyzed transformations, offer the promise of unlocking diverse oxygenates such as furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, and gluconic acid as biorefinery platform chemicals. Here, we review recent advances in the design and development of catalysts and processes for C<sub>5</sub>-C<sub>6</sub> sugar reforming into chemical intermediates and products, and highlight the challenges of aqueous phase operation and catalyst evaluation, in addition to process considerations such as solvent and reactor selection.
A Wireless Low-Power Single-Unit Wearable System for Continuous Early Warning Score Calculation (2023)

In this work, we present a new device to monitor the five main vital parameters of hospitalized patients: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure (BP), and temperature. The device consists of one single unit placed on the chest with two electrodes connected to the patient. The device continuously acquires the electrocardiogram (ECG), three-wavelength photoplethysmogram (PPG), bioimpedance, body temperature, and three-axis acceleration. These raw data are securely sent via a Wi-Fi access point to a local server where algorithms are running to calculate the five vital parameters, combined with the level of activity and the posture. Alarms, live stream, and a real-time estimation of the early warning score (EWS) used to assess the instantaneous state of a patient are available to nurses to react quickly and adequately if needed. Due to its small form factor and weight, the device is worn unobtrusively by the patient who can move without being restrained by wires; a small battery ensures an autonomy of a few days. In this article, the firmware and hardware architectures are detailed comprising the list of the sensors, the main chips used, and the casing. The relationships between what the sensors measure and the vital parameters of interest are discussed.
The Chicken Oocyte Receptor for Yolk Precursors as a Model for Studying the Action of Receptor-associated Protein and Lactoferrin (1995)

Receptor-associated protein (RAP) was originally described as a 39-kDa intracellular protein copurifying with mammalian low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor (LRP/alpha 2MR). RAP has a high affinity for LRP/alpha 2MR and interferes with the receptor's ability to bind a variety of ligands. The laying hen expresses, in a tissue-specific manner, at least four different proteins which belong to the same family of receptors as LRP/alpha 2MR. Here we show that the chicken also produces RAP, so far thought to be expressed only in mammals. Studies on the interaction of recombinant human RAP with the LDL receptor family in the chicken revealed that RAP binds with high affinity to the abundant oocyte receptor for yolk precursors (OVR) as well as to the somatic cell-specific LRP/alpha 2MR. Significantly, RAP interacts with a lower affinity with the LDL receptor, but does not bind to the oocyte-specific form of LRP. Binding of RAP to OVR inhibits the interaction of the receptor with all known physiological ligands, i.e. the yolk precursors very low density lipoprotein, vitellogenin, and alpha 2-macroglobulin. In COS cells transfected with OVR, RAP is internalized and degraded in a concentration-dependent and saturable manner. Lactoferrin, another protein with a high affinity for mammalian LRP/alpha 2MR, also binds to OVR and abolishes its interaction with yolk precursors. Cross-competition experiments show that RAP and lactoferrin recognize sites different from those involved in yolk precursor binding. The availability of pure OVR and LDLR enable us to determine kinetic parameters for the binding of RAP and lactoferrin to these receptors by surface plasmon resonance. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that chicken OVR, which is easily accessible and highly abundant in growing oocytes, represents a superior system for studying mechanistic and structural aspects of the interaction of ligands and modulating proteins with members of the LDL receptor gene family.
Clinical Trials Without Clinical Sites (2021)

Clinical trials conducted at clinical sites are limited to enrolling people who live nearby and are able to attend visits at clinics. Some types of clinical trials can be performed without clinical sites, which enables people to participate regardless of proximity to a clinical site or limitations that make visits difficult. Trials at clinical sites involve face-to-face relationships with in-person collection of informed consent, examinations, data, and specimens. In contrast, without clinical sites, informed consent and data are obtained online, limited examinations can be performed by telemedicine or visiting research nurses, biospecimens can be collected by visiting nurses or local laboratories, and treatments can be sent to homes or administered by nurses in participants' homes. Trials without clinical sites require internet access and must adapt to the lack of face-to-face interactions with study staff, with communication conducted by email, telephone, or video. Many trials cannot be performed entirely without clinical sites because they require examinations, tests, or treatments that must be given at a clinical site. However, some of the methods required for trials without sites, such as online data collection, follow-up visits by telemedicine or research nurses, and delivery of treatments to home, could reduce the need for visits to clinical sites and reduce the burden of participating in a clinical trial. When feasible, conducting clinical trials without clinical sites has the potential to expand participation and the generalizability of their results.
Neural Correlates of Impaired Vision in Adolescents Born Extremely Preterm and/or Extremely Low Birthweight (2014)

Optic radiation and primary visual cortical structure are altered in EP/ELBW adolescents compared with controls, with the greatest alterations seen in those exposed to postnatal corticosteroids and those born earliest. Structural alterations to the optic radiations may increase the risk of impaired vision in EP/ELBW adolescents.
Development of an Impregnated Reagent and Automation of Solid-Phase Analytical Derivatization for Carbonyls: Proof of Principle (2006)

This study undertakes reduction of scale and automation of a solid-phase analytical derivatization of carbonyls with 2,4-dinitrophenylhyrazine on a styrene-divinylbenzene resin (XAD-2). Three processes are tested. In the batch process, an aqueous phase consisting of 50 microL of sample and 150 microL of reagent solution is contacted with 6 mg XAD-2 by shaking. An impregnated reagent consisting of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride (DNPH) deposited on XAD-2 enables two additional processes. In-vial derivatization with an impregnated reagent requires shaking 50 microL of sample with 6 mg of the impregnated reagent and reduced the reaction time from 10 to 5 min. The third process involves packing impregnated reagent a mini-column and flowing 50 microL of sample through under positive pressure supplied by a Harvard Pump. This reduces sample preparation time to 1 min. Studies are conducted with worst-case model analytes: butanone, 2-pentanone, and malonyldialdehyde. The carbonyl of the two ketones is hindered, and, thus, these two compounds react very slowly with DNPH in aqueous solution. Malonyldialdehyde is highly water soluble, and it does not react in aqueous phase but also would not sorb onto XAD-2 for reaction. Nevertheless, derivatization/extraction of all model compounds any of the three procedures result in reproducible and high yields.
Electropolymerisation of indole-5-carboxylic acid (1994)

The electrochemical oxidation and polymerisation of indole-5-carboxylic acid have been studied in acetonitrile in the concentration range 10–100 mmol dm–3. The initial product of this oxidation is an insoluble trimer which is deposited onto the electrode surface. Further oxidation of this trimer occures on the electrode to form a polymer containing linked trimer units. The degree of trimer linkage is determined by the time of deposition; the proportion of trimer in a film of any given thickness can therefore be controlled by varying the rotation speed of the electrode or the bulk monomer concentration.Redox reaction of these layers involves oxidation and reduction of the trimer centres. It appears that the extent of electronic delocalisation between these redox centres in the polymer is small. Cyclic voltammetric studies indicate that polymer produced by the oxidation of pure trimer or by extraction from the deposited film show narrower redox peaks indicative of a more homogeneous morphology than the deposited layer.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with lung involvement in a psoriatic arthritis patient treated with methotrexate (2010)

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occurs in the setting of methotrexate (MTX) therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. However, it has been very rarely reported in subjects with psoriatic arthritis treated with MTX. We report here a case of a 70-year-old woman with psoriatic arthritis who presented with bilateral lung infiltrates, pleural effusion, splenomegaly, and inguinal lymphadenopathy during treatment with MTX. The diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was made by analysis of the pleural fluid via thoracentesis and biopsy of an enlarged inguinal lymph node. Clinicians should consider the possibility of a NHL complicating psoriasis and with MTX therapy in order to prevent treatment delays.
Electroosmosis-modulated peristaltic transport in microfluidic channels (2016)

We analyze the peristaltic motion of aqueous electrolytes altered by means of applied electric fields. Handling electrolytes in typical peristaltic channel material such as polyvinyl chloride and Teflon leads to the generation of a net surface charge on the channel walls, which attracts counter-ions and repels co-ions from the aqueous solution, thus leading to the formation of an electrical double layer—a region of net charges near the wall. We analyze the spatial distribution of pressure and wall shear stress for a continuous wave train and single pulse peristaltic wave in the presence of an electrical (electroosmotic) body force, which acts on the net charges in the electrical double layer. We then analyze the effect of the electroosmotic body force on the particle reflux as elucidated through the net displacement of neutrally buoyant particles in the flow as the peristaltic waves progress. The impact of combined electroosmosis and peristalsis on trapping of a fluid volume (e.g., bolus) inside the travelling wave is also discussed. The present analysis goes beyond the traditional analysis, which neglects the possibility of coupling the net pumping of fluids due to peristalsis and allows us to derive general expressions for the pressure drop and flow rate in order to set up a general framework for incorporating flow control and actuation by simultaneous peristalsis and application of electric fields to aqueous solutions. It is envisaged that the results presented here may act as a model for the design of lab-on-a-chip devices.
Women Literacy As The Way to Women’s Progression (2012)

Women progression through education is a dynamic concept. Women are the main force in human resources. This paper illustrates the productive effects of female literacy in every sphere of life.The benefits of female education for women's empowerment and gender equality are broadly recognized; as female education rises, fertility, population growth, and infant and child mortality fall and family health improves. Increases in girls' secondary school enrollment are associated with increases in women's participation in the labor force and their contributions to household and national income. Women's increased earning capacity, in turn, has a positive effect on child nutrition. Children especially daughters of educated mothers are more likely to be enrolled in school and to have higher levels of educational attainment. Educated women are more politically active and better informed about their legal rights and how to exercise them. Empowerment of women is important in a developing country like India why because the benefits will not only felt by the women themselves, but also by their households and in turn their nation.
Stability of a Long Noncoding Viral RNA Depends on a 9-Nt Core Element at the RNA 5' End to Interact with Viral ORF57 and Cellular PABPC1 (2011)

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) ORF57, also known as Mta (mRNA transcript accumulation), enhances viral intron-less transcript accumulation and promotes splicing of intron-containing viral RNA transcripts. In this study, we identified KSHV PAN, a long non-coding polyadenylated nuclear RNA as a main target of ORF57 by a genome-wide CLIP (cross-linking and immunoprecipitation) approach. KSHV genome lacking ORF57 expresses only a minimal amount of PAN. In cotransfection experiments, ORF57 alone increased PAN expression by 20-30-fold when compared to vector control. This accumulation function of ORF57 was dependent on a structured RNA element in the 5' PAN, named MRE (Mta responsive element), but not much so on an ENE (expression and nuclear retention element) in the 3' PAN previously reported by other studies. We showed that the major function of the 5' PAN MRE is increasing the RNA half-life of PAN in the presence of ORF57. Further mutational analyses revealed a core motif consisting of 9 nucleotides in the MRE-II , which is responsible for ORF57 interaction and function. The 9-nt core in the MRE-II also binds cellular PABPC1, but not the E1B-AP5 which binds another region of the MRE-II. In addition, we found that PAN RNA is partially exportable in the presence of ORF57. Together, our data provide compelling evidence as to how ORF57 functions to accumulate a non-coding viral RNA in the course of virus lytic infection.
Textured Surface Breast Implants in the Prevention of Capsular Contracture among Breast Augmentation Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2006)

The results of this meta-analysis demonstrate the superiority of textured over smooth breast implants in decreasing the rate of capsular contracture.