gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heart Failure Update (1999)

The RUSSLAN study, which randomised 504 patients with post-infarction heart failure in whom intravenous inotropic support might be deemed appropriate, was presented for the first time in a hotline session at the annual meeting of the Working Group on Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. The study suggested that levosimendan, a new calcium sensitising agent, could be used safely in patients with post-infarction heart failure in the absence of severe hypotension and that it appeared to improve symptoms and survival. If these results can be confirmed it would render it unique among intravenous inotropic agents.
IGF-I receptor signalling: lessons from the somatotroph. (1996)

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) is a major feedback regulator of pituitary GH secretion, with defined actions occurring at both the hypothalamus and pituitary. The IGF-I gene is expressed in the anterior pituitary in a GH-dependent manner thus providing for both endocrine-as well as autocrine-mediated GH regulation. In turn, IGF-I selectively and specifically inhibits GH gene transcription and secretion, its attenuating effects on nascent GH mRNA synthesis being demonstrable within 1 h. Binding of IGF-I to its pituitary cell surface receptor is followed by rapid activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor beta-subunit and phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1). Structure-function studies of the human IGF-I receptor were performed in stable, GH-secreting transfectants expressing either the cDNA encoding the wild-type (WT) human IGF receptor and exhibiting enhanced IGF-I responsiveness, or cDNAs encoding IGF-I receptor mutants and a truncated, kinase-deficient receptor (952STOP). 950Tyr situated on the submembrane receptor domain was found to be critical for transducing the IGF-I signal to the GH gene. IGF-I failed to suppress GH secretion by signalling endogenous rat IGF-I receptors when hybrid receptors were formed with kinase-deficient human receptors and rat hemi-receptors. This dominant negative effect on hormone secretion was also evidenced when mitogenic IGF-I signals were blocked in vitro and in vivo by these hybrid receptors. Using similar doses of IGF-I, the IGF-I receptor cell transfectants also demonstrated ligand-dependent activation of ERKs in pituitary cells. In conclusion, the pituitary IGF-I receptor mediates the negative feedback regulation of GH. Thus, IGF-I receptor mass may determine GH responses to malnutrition, pregnancy, and refeeding. IGF-I receptor mutations may also prove useful to abrogate the growth of IGF-I-dependent tumors. These structure-function studies of the human IGF-I receptor provide mechanistic insights into both metabolic control of the GH axis, as well as target tissue proliferative characteristics.
VEGF/VEGFR Pathway Inhibitors as Anti-Angiogenic Agents: Present and Future (2011)

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, plays a central role in the process of tumor growth and metastasis. The proliferation of endothelium and formation of new blood vessels further the size of solid tumors. It is expected that blocking angiogenesis will be an efficient therapeutic approach against many tumor types. The key signaling system that regulates proliferation and migration of endothelial cells are vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) and their receptors (VEGFR-1, -2 and -3). VEGFR-2, a receptor with higher affinity and greater kinase activity, is more important in the direct regulation of angiogenesis, mitogenic signaling, and permeability-enhancing effects. VEGFRs are expressed at high levels in many types of human solid tumors, including glioma, lung, breast, renal, ovarian and gastrointestinal tract carcinomas. Inhibition of VEGFR has emerged as a potential therapy method for cancers and it has been clinically validated with FDA-approvals of bevacizumab, sorafenib, and suntinib. Consequently, a number of small molecules with VEGFR inhibitory properties have been developed. Many of these have been evaluated as potent inhibitors and some are currently in clinical-trials for various angiogenic related disorders including inflammatory diseases, retinopathies and age related macular degeneration. This review reports various VEGF/VEGFR pathway inhibitors such as small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, along with their reported activities.
Evaluation of Screening Methods To Detect Plasmid-Mediated AmpC in Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Proteus mirabilis (2008)

There are currently no standardized phenotypic methods for the screening and detection of AmpC enzymes. This study aimed to evaluate different methods to detect AmpC enzymes in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Proteus spp., comparing the results from two disk-based methods and an agar dilution method. AmpC activity was determined for 255 clinical isolates by use of a three-dimensional enzyme assay combined with a multiplex PCR assay for plasmid-borne ampC genes. These results were compared against a disk-based inhibitor assay using various combinations of cefpodoxime and cefoxitin as antibiotic substrates and boronic acid or cloxacillin as an AmpC inhibitor. The presence of enzyme induction by disk approximation was evaluated using imipenem, cefoxitin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate as inducing agents against ceftazidime. Finally, an agar dilution assay was performed, using cefoxitin with and without added cloxacillin. AmpC activity was present in 49.8% of test isolates, 93.7% of which were positive for plasmid-borne ampC genes. CIT-like enzymes were predominant in E. coli, and DHA-like enzymes were predominant in Klebsiella spp. The disk-based inhibitor tests performed better than the agar dilution assay, while detection of AmpC by disk induction had a poor sensitivity. The cefoxitin-cloxacillin disk combination provided the best overall performance, with a sensitivity and specificity of 95%. This study confirmed the accuracy of disk-based inhibitor screening for AmpC enzymes, which proved reliable at detecting CIT- and DHA-like plasmid-borne ampC genes. The methods are simple enough for introduction into clinical microbiology laboratories.
Human and primate monoclonal antibodies for in vivo therapy. (1988)

Abstract Human monoclonal antibodies, owing to their decreased immunogenicity, are expected to be an improvement over mouse monoclonal antibodies for in vivo therapy. Human and primate monoclonal antibodies are best produced with a human x mouse heteromyeloma. Several human chromosomes are stable in the human x (human x mouse) hybrids. Chimpanzee anti-digoxin monoclonal antibodies were prepared and characterized. Because they are structurally very similar to human antibodies, they should be well tolerated in humans. The anti-digoxin antibodies can be used for therapy of extreme overdoses or as an in vivo diagnostic tool for slight overdoses. Because the advantage of using human monoclonal antibodies is their lack of immunogenicity, preparation of the antibody must be scrupulous so as not to introduce extraneous immunogens. Analysis to ensure the purity of the preparation can be complicated by the presence of high concentrations of the antibody and the low levels of contamination that must be detected. We describe a Western blot assay for Protein A that is sensitive even in the presence of human IgG.
Mature Oligodendrocytes Cultured in the Absence of Neurons Recapitulate the Ontogenic Development of Myelin Membranes (1986)

We have maintained isolated oligodendrocytes in culture for up to 5 months. Over time cultured cells acquire conspicuous membranous profiles that either emanate from cell processes and perikarya or are apposed to them. These membranous profiles have biochemical and ultrastructural features characteristic of myelin. Because the cells used in this study are post-myelination (cells are isolated from white matter of mature brains), we argue that this is a case of resynthesis of myelin membranes. Because this process takes place in the absence of neurons, we have termed it myelin palingenesis in order to distinguish it from remyelination, a term commonly used to designate reensheathment of axons. Myelin palingenesis may occur seemingly without wrapping and spiraling, but membranes wrapped around oligodendrocyte processes and soma are also observed. Irrespective of the modes of formation, those membranes that are compact have the fine structure of normal myelin. Thus, long-term cultures of mature oligodendrocytes should be a good model system in helping to decipher the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in myelination and in remyelination.
Munc18-1 is a molecular chaperone for α-synuclein, controlling its self-replicating aggregation (2016)

Munc18-1 is a key component of the exocytic machinery that controls neurotransmitter release. Munc18-1 heterozygous mutations cause developmental defects and epileptic phenotypes, including infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE), suggestive of a gain of pathological function. Here, we used single-molecule analysis, gene-edited cells, and neurons to demonstrate that Munc18-1 EIEE-causing mutants form large polymers that coaggregate wild-type Munc18-1 in vitro and in cells. Surprisingly, Munc18-1 EIEE mutants also form Lewy body-like structures that contain α-synuclein (α-Syn). We reveal that Munc18-1 binds α-Syn, and its EIEE mutants coaggregate α-Syn. Likewise, removal of endogenous Munc18-1 increases the aggregative propensity of α-Syn(WT) and that of the Parkinson's disease-causing α-Syn(A30P) mutant, an effect rescued by Munc18-1(WT) expression, indicative of chaperone activity. Coexpression of the α-Syn(A30P) mutant with Munc18-1 reduced the number of α-Syn(A30P) aggregates. Munc18-1 mutations and haploinsufficiency may therefore trigger a pathogenic gain of function through both the corruption of native Munc18-1 and a perturbed chaperone activity for α-Syn leading to aggregation-induced neurodegeneration.
Current practice with endoscopic submucosal dissection in Europe: position statement from a panel of experts (2010)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the gold standard technique for performing en bloc resection of large superficial tumors in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Experience in Europe, however, is still limited and ESD is only performed in a few selected centers, with low volumes of cases, no description of training programs, and few published reports. In 2008, a panel of experts gathered in Rotterdam to discuss indications, training, and the wider use of ESD. The panel of experts and participants reached a consensus on five general statements: 1) ESD aims at treating mucosal cancer; 2) treatment aims for R0 resection; 3) ESD should meet quality standards; 4) ESD should be performed following national or European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guidelines or under institutional review board approval; and 5) ESD cases should be registered. Due to the high level of expertise needed to perform the technique safely, ESD should be performed in a step-up approach, starting with lesions presenting in the rectum or in the distal stomach, then colon, proximal stomach, and finally in the esophagus. Registration is advised either at the local site or at a national or ESGE level, and should include information on indication (Paris classification of lesion, location, and histological results prior to treatment), technique used (e.âg. type of knife), results (en bloc and R0 resection), complications, and follow-up. The panel also agreed on minimal institutional requirements: good quality imaging, experienced histopathologist following the Japanese criteria (2-mm sections, micrometric invasion, vessel and lymphatic infiltration, etc), and dedicated endoscopic follow-up. Moreover, minimum training requirements were also defined: knowledge in indications and instruments, exposure to experts (currently all in Japan), hands-on experience in a model of isolated pig stomach and in live pigs, and management of complications. The experts did not reach a consensus on a minimum case load, or whether the technique should be restricted to expert centers.
Diskussion chemischer Gleichgewichte. (1976)

By means of calculated examples it is demonstrated that chemical equilibria can be discussed in a much simpler way by writing the equations in matrix notation. Our basic idea is to treat a problem as a linear one as far as possible and to formulate the nonlinear part as side condition. The rank R* of the stoichiometry matrix proves to be very useful as well for the derivation as for the application of the phase rule.
Industrialization Meets Globalization: Uncertain Reflections on East Asian Experience (2000)

The efficacy of export-led industrialization in the hyper-successful East Asian economies depended in no small measure on the forces that drove globalization. These forces fueled transfers of technology in unprecedented volumes and by innovative means in a variety of industries, including those at the frontiers of global technological change. The successful exploitation of these transfers would not have been possible without purposeful, aggressive actions of the part of the recipient firms in order to realize the increased technological capabilities that they enabled. Firms were incited to undertake these activities by conducive, neoclassical policies which were crucially augmented with selective interventions that fostered rapid technological development. Owing to significant uncertainties about the future course of the global economy, comprehension of the ingredients of past success does not suffice to state the recipe for future success, but it is sufficient to identify the key areas of concern for future policy making.
FPGA technology for high-speed low-cost adaptive optics (2005)

The Durham University Centre for Advanced Instrumentation (formerly the Astronomical Instrumentation Group) has been involved in the development of both research and facility class astronomical adaptive optics systems and their associated control systems for over 20 years. The centre also has interests in commercial and non-astronomical research AO systems, including the areas of novel wavefront correctors and AO control systems. Firstly this paper summarises Durham's history in AO control, then we seek to provide an overview of why the group is moving to FPGA technology for control systems in the context of new work. We then present a collaboration between Sira Technologies Ltd. and Durham, aimed at exploiting FPGA technology to provide high speed, low cost AO control for commercial applications, we examine the results so far achieved, and finally we present our Integrated Wavefront Sensor product concept.
Fibrin−Lipoplex System for Controlled Topical Delivery of Multiple Genes (2009)

Nonviral gene delivery via natural biomacromolecules show great promise as controlled release systems while avoiding the associated drawbacks with viral gene delivery such as immunogenicity and safety issues. Here, a fibrin-lipoplex system for topical delivery of multiple genes is described. In vitro release analysis showed efficient retention of the lipoplexes in the fibrin scaffold. The biomolecular interaction between fibrinogen and liposomes was investigated qualitatively using surface plasmon resonance. The strong binding between the lipoplexes and the fibrinogen component of the scaffold was observed and that could explain the in vitro release profile observed in our studies. Both in vitro and in vivo transfection studies using multiple reporter genes were performed to establish the bioactivity of released lipoplexes. The ability of the lipoplexes to transfect fibroblasts in vitro was shown to be maintained even after extended periods of encapsulation within the scaffold. Furthermore, in a rabbit ear ulcer model, the fibrin-lipoplex system was shown to have significantly higher transfection efficiency for two reporter genes at day 7 when compared to lipoplexes alone, suggesting that this fibrin-lipoplex system is suitable for extended release of lipoplexes for topical gene delivery applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Oppositane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids from the Formosan Soft Coral Sinularia leptoclados (2010)

Abstract structure determination and cytotoxicity of the new sesquiterpenoids leptocladolin A (I) and B (II) and two known compounds
Structure of a Tyrosine Phosphatase Adhesive Interaction Reveals a Spacer-Clamp Mechanism (2007)

Cell-cell contacts are fundamental to multicellular organisms and are subject to exquisite levels of control. Human RPTPmu is a type IIB receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that both forms an adhesive contact itself and is involved in regulating adhesion by dephosphorylating components of cadherin-catenin complexes. Here we describe a 3.1 angstrom crystal structure of the RPTPmu ectodomain that forms a homophilic trans (antiparallel) dimer with an extended and rigid architecture, matching the dimensions of adherens junctions. Cell surface expression of deletion constructs induces intercellular spacings that correlate with the ectodomain length. These data suggest that the RPTPmu ectodomain acts as a distance gauge and plays a key regulatory function, locking the phosphatase to its appropriate functional location.
Figure S3 from DNA Methylation Signature Reveals Cell Ontogeny of Renal Cell Carcinomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;A) Kaplan-Meier curves according to the 56 genes epi-signature in a training dataset of patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. B) Kaplan-Meier curves according to the 56 genes epi-signature in a validation dataset of patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset.&lt;/p&gt;
Closed-form solution for positioning based on angle of arrival measurements (2003)

This paper deals with the problem of estimating the position of a user equipment operating in a wireless communication network. We present a new positioning method based on the angles of arrival (AOA) measured in several radio links between that user equipment and different base stations. The proposed AOA-based method leads us to a non-iterative closed-form solution of the positioning problem, and an statistical analysis of that solution is also included. The comparison between this method and the classical AOA-based positioning technique is discussed in terms of computational load, convergence of the solution and also in terms of the bias and variance of the position estimate.
Predicting the Potential Impact of Synthetic-Based Muds with the Use of Biodegradation Studies (1999)

Abstract The use of synthetic-based muds (SBMs) can improve drilling performance and reduce the volume of pollution generated by offshore drilling operations. Investigations into the environmental impact of SBMs to date have concentrated on the seafloor. The biodegradation rate of an SBM is an important factor in determining the overall environmental performance. Laboratory biodegradation tests are an inexpensive alternative to conducting field studies. However, most of the tests have been designed for water-soluble compounds and reproducible results are difficult to obtain with regularity for hydrophobic materials like SBMs. For this study, a variety of base fluids were tested using the SOAEFD (Scottish Office of Agriculture, Environment and Fisheries Department) solid-phase test. This paper will evaluate SOAEFD solid-phase test results against other biodegradation protocols using a set of criteria designed to identify the best biodegradation test for SBMs.
Reliability study of retention and memory gate integrity in a 1K MNOS RAM (1986)

The reliability of a 1K MNOS RAM with regards to retention and nitride gate integrity has been demonstrated. Over 400 devices were screened and life tested to demonstrate 0.999 reliability during device life. The device was a 1K MNOS memory used in a RAM application with an erase/write cycle of 32 microseconds and a life specification of 1E7 cycles.
Sodium beacon tip-tilt determination with Rayleigh-aided auxiliary telescope technique (1998)

The usefulness of tracking the Rayleigh portion of a mesospheric sodium laser guide star as reference for absolute tip–tilt recovery in the frame of the auxiliary telescopes technique is shown. This approach leads to the reduction of the ground occupation needed to attain a given sky coverage by more than one order of magnitude. Speed, tracking precision, and the number of auxiliary telescopes are also reduced, making this new approach a more attractive one. The use of a low-altitude Rayleigh spot reinforces the fundamental limitations affecting this and other techniques, thus degrading significantly the quality of the recovered tip–tilt. However, it is shown that, provided adequate care is taken in the collection and treatment of data, an interesting tilt signal can still be retrieved.
Psykoterapi og eksistentiel fænomenologi (2015)

Hvordan ser eksistentiel terapi ud i dag, og hvor er den på vej hen? Hvordan bidrager det eksistentielfænomenologiske perspektiv til at belyse andre aktuelle tilgange såvel som væsentlige, tværgående aspekter i psykoterapien? Antologien her er både en introduktion til det 21. århundredes eksistentielfænomenologiske psykoterapi og en diskussion af denne. Med sit fokus på det enkelte menneskes erfaring af eksistensen har det eksistentielfænomenologiske perspektiv en særlig samtidsrelevans. Menneskets aktuelle vilkår præges af konkurrencesamfundets prioritering af økonomiske og tekniske hensyn frem for humanisme og sociale relationer. Kynisme, rodløshed og fremmedgørelse hæmmer den eksistentielle erfaring af mening og retning i tilværelsen. Dermed skabes stress, angst og depression, og omfanget af psykiske lidelser stiger. Bogen giver et fugleperspektiv på den eksistentielfænomenologiske psykoterapi og dens teoretiske grundlag. Der præsenteres eksempler på, hvordan tilgangen gør sig gældende i psykoterapeutisk praksis. Centrale problematikker som selvoverskridelse, autenticitet og livsduelighed diskuteres indgående. Relationer til psykoanalysen, Kierkegaard og kognitiv terapi tages op med fokus på begreber som socialitet, mentalisering, et bedre liv, angst, kognition og læring. Antologien afsluttes med en omfattende vejledning til litteratur om eksistentielfænomenologisk psykoterapi og tilgrænsende emner.
A QoS Routing Protocol in MANETs with Unidirectional Links (2005)

A new routing protocol called QUR(QoS-support Unidirectional-link Routing) is designed to provide QoSsupport in MANETs with unidirectional links,and a new bandwidth calculation algorithm is proposed.Both the hop distance and the bandwidth of the path are considered in QUR to improve the performance of MANETs,and bandwidth resource is reserved along the path for real-time traffic.The simulation results show that the QoS of real-time traffic is guaranteed in QUR,and QUR achieves better performance in terms of throughput and control overhead compared with DSDV.
An effective cavity resonance model for enhanced optical transmission through arrays of subwavelength apertures in metal films (2013)

We present a novel theoretical approach for modeling the resonant properties of transmission through subwavelength apertures penetrating metal films. We show that cavity mode theory applies to an effective resonant cavity whose dimensions are determined by the aperture's geometry and the evanescent decay lengths of the associated diffracted waves. This method suggests a concrete physical mechanism for the enhanced transmission observed in periodic aperture arrays, namely it is the evanescently scattered light, localized in the near field of metal surface, which couples into the apertures. Furthermore, it analytically predicts the frequencies of peaks in enhanced transmission, the quality factor of the peaks, and explains their dependence on variation in the hole radius, periodicity, and the film thickness over a wide range of geometries. This model demonstrates strong correlation to simulation and existing results with a high degree of accuracy.