gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclic Fatigue Crack Propagation Behaviour of 9 Ce-TZP Ceramics with Different Grain Size (2023)

Cyclic fatigue crack growth behaviour has been investigated in 9 mole % Ce-TZP ceramics with grain sizes varing from 1.1 to 3.0 μm. To ascertain the interaction between crack resistance behaviour and cyclic fatigue crack growth, cyclic fatigue tests were conducted with short double-cantilever-beam (s-DCB) specimens in two conditions: (a) with a sharp precrack without pre-existing t-m transformation and (b) with a sharp crack after R-curve measurements, i.e. with preformed t-m transformation in the crack region. Fatigue crack propagation occurs at applied stress intensity factors as low as about 40% of the plateau KI values measured in the R-curves. The size and shape of the t-m transformation zones are different for specimens in R-curve measurements and in cyclic fatigue tests. For the specimens without pre-existing t-m transformation the overall crack growth behaviour can be described by the Paris power law relation: https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> da / dN = A Δ K I m https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003421290/07e4de97-c68f-4ca1-95b4-28d8b410031d/content/eq394.tif"/> with m values of 15 for the 1.1 μm grain size and between 8 and 9 for the other materials with larger grain sizes. For the specimens with the preformed transformation zone a “V” shape da/dN versus ΔKI,app relation is obtained. Explanations for these different results in the two conditions are discussed in terms of crack tip shielding effects.
Visual detection of copper ions based on azide- and alkyne-functionalized polydiacetylene vesicles (2011)

A new method for visual detection of Cu2+ based on azide- and alkyne-functionalized polydiacetylene (PDA-aa) vesicles has been developed. In the presence of ascorbic acid, Cu2+ can be reduced to Cu+ and catalyze the click reaction between the two functional groups. After incubation with Cu2+ and ascorbic acid, a PDA-aa solution changed its color from blue to red, which was attributed to conformational transition of the conjugated backbone. Other metal ions were explored but only induced negligible color changes. This method provides a naked eye detection of Cu2+ in water without the aid of complex instruments.
The Mi-2/NuRD complex: A critical epigenetic regulator of hematopoietic development, differentiation and cancer (2009)

The Mi-2/NuRD chromatin remodeling complex links multiple transcriptional regulatory processes including histone deacetylation, histone demethylation, nucleosome mobilization and recruitment of other regulatory proteins. In some contexts, Mi-2/NuRD functions as a barrier to transcriptional activation by working in opposition to other chromatin remodelers such as SWI/SNF. Alternatively, the Mi-2beta ATPase subunit of Mi-2/NuRD can promote transcription. Together, these gatekeeper functions of Mi-2/NuRD influence cell fate decisions by modulating transcriptional activity. Recent studies have shown the importance of Mi-2/NuRD both in maintaining hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pools and in normal lineage progression. Furthermore, components of Mi-2/NuRD complexes are modular co-repressors/co-activators comprising multiple protein subunits that have been linked directly to oncogenesis and have potential as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Mi-2/NuRD's essential functions in metazoan cell fates and activities underscore its importance as a focal point of epigenetic research.
An RpoS (σS) homologue regulates acylhomoserine lactone‐dependent autoinduction in Ralstonia solanacearum (1998)

Many bacteria sense an appropriate growth condition or a critical population density for gene expression by producing acylhomoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) that act as intercellular autoinduction signals. We recently showed that, in Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum, a phytopathogenic bacterium, acyl-HSL production requires soll, which encodes a putative acyl-HSL synthase, and that its expression is positively regulated by the acyl-HSL-responsive SolR transcriptional regulator. This acyl-HSL-dependent autoinduction system is noteworthy because (i) it is regulated by a 'higher level' autoinducer system (responsive to 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester) via PhcA, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator and (ii) acyl-HSL production requires two additional unlinked loci. As reported here, cloning and sequencing of one of these other loci revealed that it encodes a homologue of RpoS, an alternative sigma factor (sigmaS) that in other bacteria activates gene expression during stationary phase or in response to stress conditions. R. solanacearum RpoS (RpoS(Rso)) was demonstrated to function as a sigma factor because when introduced in trans into an Escherichia coli rpoS mutant it largely restored expression of the RpoS-dependent bolAp1 gene. Mutation of rpoS(Rso) in R. solanacearum reduced survival during starvation and low pH conditions, but did not affect survival during exposure to hydrogen peroxide, high osmolarity or high temperature. This mutant was also altered in its production of several virulence factors and wilted tomato plants several days more slowly than the wild-type parent. Transcription of solR and soll were decreased in an rpoS(Rso) background (thereby reducing acyl-HSL production), but neither mutations in solR, soll or phcA nor addition of acyl-HSLs affected rpoS(Rso) expression. Therefore, in R. solanacearum the acyl-HSL-dependent autoinduction system is controlled both by a second autoinduction system and by the RpoS(Rso) sigma factor.
Capacitor voltage estimation for predictive control algorithm of flying capacitor converters (2009)

Multilevel converters have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional two level converters, especially flying capacitor converters because of the fact that this topology requires only a main DC-link voltage and presents a easy way to increase the output voltage levels by increasing the number of cells. Unfortunately, a balancing of capacitor voltage is required. Recently, predictive control algorithms have been presented in order to control not only the output current but also to achieve good performance in the balancing of the capacitor voltages. For this purpose, it is necessary to know the state of these voltages generally taking a measurement of them, therefore the number of sensors required will be increased regarding the output voltage levels desired. This paper presents an estimation of the capacitor voltages using a discrete Kalman filter. This algorithm is employed to determinate correctly the system state and thus provides this information to the predictive controller in order to determinate the best switching combination to be applied in the next sample period.
X band 3D-Printed Electrically-Small Luneburg Lens (2020)

A low-cost electrically-small dielectric lens for improving the maximum radiation gain of an aperture antenna utilizing a new additive manufacturing filling technique is presented in this paper. The required dielectric constants for an electrically small lens are obtained through optimization in simulation software. Utilizing this filling method, a fully printed low-cost lens using one material is fabricated at X band. The proposed lens increases the maximum radiation gain of an open standard waveguide by 15 dB, while an aperture efficiency of 59% is achieved.
Fabrications and Performance of Wireless LC Pressure Sensors through LTCC Technology (2018)

This paper presents a kind of passive wireless pressure sensor comprised of a planar spiral inductor and a cavity parallel plate capacitor fabricated through low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The LTCC material with a low Young's modulus of ~65 GPa prepared by our laboratory was used to obtain high sensitivity. A three-step lamination process was applied to construct a high quality cavity structure without using any sacrificial materials. The effects of the thickness of the sensing membranes on the sensitivity and detection range of the pressure sensors were investigated. The sensor with a 148 μm sensing membrane showed the highest sensitivity of 3.76 kHz/kPa, and the sensor with a 432 μm sensing membrane presented a high detection limit of 2660 kPa. The tunable sensitivity and detection limit of the wireless pressure sensors can meet the requirements of different scenes.
Supplemental Figure 2 from A Supplemented High-Fat Low-Carbohydrate Diet for the Treatment of Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Glucose restriction coupled with ketone body treatment further slows proliferation of multiple patient-derived glioblastoma stem cell lines&lt;/p&gt;
Power System Controls (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Power System Controls: Particle Swarm Technique Power Plant Controller Design with GA Evolutionary Programming Optimizer and Application in Intelligent Predictive Control An Interactive Compromise Programming-Based MO Approach to FACTS Control References
Increased Fructose Consumption Is Associated With Fibrosis Severity in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2010)

In patients with NAFLD, daily fructose ingestion is associated with reduced hepatic steatosis but increased fibrosis. These results identify a readily modifiable environmental risk factor that may ameliorate disease progression in patients with NAFLD.
Sterilizing Immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection in Mice by a Single‐Shot and Lipid Amphiphile Imidazoquinoline TLR7/8 Agonist‐Adjuvanted Recombinant Spike Protein Vaccine** (2021)

Abstract The search for vaccines that protect from severe morbidity and mortality because of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a race against the clock and the virus. Here we describe an amphiphilic imidazoquinoline (IMDQ‐PEG‐CHOL) TLR7/8 adjuvant, consisting of an imidazoquinoline conjugated to the chain end of a cholesterol‐poly(ethylene glycol) macromolecular amphiphile. It is water‐soluble and exhibits massive translocation to lymph nodes upon local administration through binding to albumin, affording localized innate immune activation and reduction in systemic inflammation. The adjuvanticity of IMDQ‐PEG‐CHOL was validated in a licensed vaccine setting (quadrivalent influenza vaccine) and an experimental trimeric recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein vaccine, showing robust IgG2a and IgG1 antibody titers in mice that could neutralize viral infection in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model.
5-LO inhibition ameliorates palmitic acid-induced ER stress, oxidative stress and insulin resistance via AMPK activation in murine myotubes (2017)

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production via the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway contributes to the development of insulin resistance in adipose and hepatic tissues, but the role of LTB4 in skeletal muscle is relatively unknown. Here, the authors investigated the role of LTB4 in C2C12 myotubes in palmitic acid (PA)-induced ER stress, inflammation and insulin resistance. PA (750 μM) evoked lipotoxicity (ER stress, oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance) in association with LTB4 production. 5-LO inhibition reduced all the lipotoxic effects induced by PA. On the other hand, PA did not induce cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), which themselves had no effect on ER stress and inflammation. The beneficial effects of 5-LO suppression from PA-induced lipotoxicity were related with AMPK activation. In ob/ob mice, once daily oral administration of zileuton (50, 100 mg/kg) for 5 weeks improved insulin resistance, increased AMPK phosphorylation, and reduced LTB4 and ER stress marker expression in skeletal muscle. These results show that 5-LO inhibition by either zileuton or 5-LO siRNA protects C2C12 myotubes from PA-induced lipotoxicity, at least partly via AMPK activation, and suggest that the in vivo insulin-sensitizing effects of zileuton are in part attributable to its direct action on skeletal muscle via LTB4 downregulation followed by AMPK activation.
Purification and characterization of a trypanothione-glutathione thioltransferase from Trypanosoma cruzi (1995)

Although trypanothione [T(S)2] is the major thiol component in trypanosomatidae, significant amounts of glutathione are present in Trypanosoma cruzi. This could be explained by the existence of enzymes using glutathione or both glutathione and T(S)2 as cofactors. To assess these hypotheses, a cytosolic fraction of T. cruzi epimastigotes was subjected to affinity chromatography columns using as ligands either S-hexylglutathione or a non-reducible analogue of trypanothione disulphide. A similar protein of 52 kDa was eluted in both cases. Its partial amino acid sequence indicated that it was identical with the protein encoded by the TcAc2 cDNA previously described [Schoneck, Plumas-Marty, Taibi et al. (1994) Biol. Cell 80, 1-10]. This protein showed no significant glutathione transferase activity but surprisingly catalysed the thiol-disulphide exchange between dihydrotrypanothione and glutathione disulphide. The kinetic parameters were in the same range as those determined for trypanothione reductase toward its natural substrate. This trypanothione-glutathione thioltransferase provides a new target for a specific chemotherapy against Chagas' disease and may constitute a link between the glutathione-based metabolism of the host and the trypanothione-based metabolism of the parasite.
Thermoelectric properties of TmTe under pressure up to 20 GPa (2014)

The effect of quasi-hydrostatic pressure up to 20 GPa on thermopower of single-crystal samples of thulium monotelluride and monosulfide was studied. The pressure dependences of the thermopower of thulium monotelluride were found to have features in pressure regions of 2 and 6 GPa, which can be associated with phase transitions to the cation mixed-valence state and tetragonal structure, respectively. The upper pressure boundary of stability of the thulium ion mixed-valence state in monotelluride was evaluated by comparing the pressure dependences of the thermopower of TmTe and TmS.
Intracranial Area: A Validated Method for Estimating Intracranial Volume (2005)

Background and Purpose. Controlling for intracranial volume is crucial in magnetic resonance studies of changes in brain volumes. However, full intracranial volume measurement requires prolonged scanning and analysis, and simple, validated methods for intracranial volume estimation are lacking. The authors developed and evaluated a method of estimating intracranial volume using a single mid-sagittal slice, the intracranial cross-sectional area. Methods. Forty men aged 65–70 had whole skull magnetic resonance scans at 1.9 T, with slice thickness of 1.5 mm (no interslice gap). Intracranial cross-sectional area was traced in the midline sagittal slice of the 3-view localizer. Intracranial volume was measured using every slice. Ten intracranial cross-sectional area measurements were tested for interrater reliability. Results. Intracranial cross-sectional area and intracranial volume correlated highly (r= .88, P < .0001). A modified Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement between intracranial cross-sectional area and intracranial volume. The intraclass correlation (an indicator of reliability) for intracranial cross-sectional area was r= .976 (P < .005). Conclusions. The rapid and simple technique of intracranial cross-sectional area measurement provides a valid and reliable estimate of intracranial volume.
Lactones, Biocatalytic Synthesis (1999)

Abstract Introduction Hydrolysis of Ester Functionality of Corresponding Racemic Lactones Lactonization of Hydroxy Acids and Their Derivatives Reduction of Carbonyl Precursors Oxidation of Diol Precursors Baeyer–Villiger Type Oxidation of Ketones Separation of Isomers by the Enzymatic Action on Other Functionalities That Are Appended to the Molecules Approaches Based on the Biodegradation of Lipids and Aromatics Preparation of Some Lactones of Special Interest Conclusions Acknowledgment Bibliography
<title>Technologies for the unified collection and control of UCAVs</title> (2002)

The problem of managing swarms of UAVs consists of multi-agent collection (i.e., distributed robust data fusion and interpretation) and multi-agent coordination (i.e., distributed robust platform and sensor monitoring and control). This paper deals with a specific aspect of the latter, namely collision avoidance and trajectory generation problems in the presence of pop-up threats. These problems are difficult to solve because the set of feasible solutions is non-convex, possibly infinite dimensional and defined in terms of an infinite number of constraints. Recent approximation methods use a finite dimensional parameterization of solutions and impose constraints on a finite grid in time. They result in large feasibility problems and are at best only sufficient. We show that there is no need to grid if the admissible trajectories are restricted to polynomials of degree no larger than a specified bound. A finite dimensional necessary and sufficient condition, whose size depends only the assumed degree bound, is derived in this paper. It is used to improve some existing trajectory generation methods, develop new approximation methods and solve a collision avoidance problem exactly. Our techniques clearly show how certain non-convex constraints arising in path planning can be converted to mixed integer/LMI constraints.
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING FORMULAS FOR DELAY, OVERFLOW, AND STOPS (1983)

An analysis is made of existing formulas for average delay, average overflow, and average number of stops for undersaturated conditions. The examination of these formulas covers a large variation in flows and cycle lengths, so recommendations are based on a thorough examination. The formulas examined are those developed by Webster, Miller, and Newell. It is concluded that the Newell formulas give the most accurate results. (Author)
Bounds on the polymer-length distribution in equilibrium polymerization (1992)

We obtain upper bounds on the polymer-length distribution in a class of models for equilibrium polymerization. This rules out a recent claim for the existence of a ``collapsed'' phase in which a nonzero fraction of the monomers are in infinite polymer(s). We discuss the behavior of finite systems, in which a collapse of sorts does occur, and indicate how this collapse disappears in the thermodynamic limit.
Isolation and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding the Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor, Induced upon Flower Maturation in Carnation Using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (1999)

The suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method was used to isolate differentially expressed genes during carnation flower maturation. Five cDNA clones, designated as carnation flower maturation-induced (CFMI), were verified as flower maturation-induced cDNAs. Sequence analysis of five CFMI (CFMI-5, CFMI-6, CFMI-7, CFMI-9, and CFMI-10) clones revealed that one of the clones, CFMI-5, showed high sequence similarity to the cysteine proteinase inhibitor gene, predicted to be involved in flower maturation. The full length cDNA clone CFMI-5 was 531 nucleotides (nts) long and consisted of an open reading frame of 294 nucleotides, encoding a 98 amino acid protein, 12 nucleotides of 5'-untranslated region and 3'-untranslated region (225 nts) with a poly(A)+ tail. The predicted CFMI-5 amino acid sequence had a conserved sequence Gln-Val-Val-Ala-Gly, which corresponds to the active site of proteinase inhibition. Northern blot analysis revealed tissue-specific expression of CFMI-5 transcripts, as the transcripts were expressed preferentially in petals and styles. A PCR-based cDNA subtraction method, termed suppression subtractive hybridization, was identified as a rapid method to screen differentially expressed genes in a short time.
Finite element analysis of kinematic behaviour and injuries to pedestrians in vehicle collisions (2011)

In vehicle-to-pedestrian collisions, the characteristics of a vehicle's frontal shape and structural stiffness have a significant influence on the kinematics and injury risk of the pedestrian's body regions. In the present study, the kinematic behaviour and injury risk of the pedestrians were investigated in collisions against vehicles with different frontal shapes. The THUMS (Total HUman Model for Safety) pedestrian finite element (FE) model was used and impacted by three different types of vehicle FE models (passenger car, one-box vehicle and sport-utility vehicle [SUV]) representing the different frontal shapes at 40 km/h. In the simulation with the passenger car-to-pedestrian impact, the pedestrian wrapped around the hood, and the resulting bending moment of the lower extremity and head injury criterion (HIC) value were high. In the simulation with the one-box vehicle-to-pedestrian impact, the pedestrian's upper torso was directly hit by the front end of the vehicle. The pelvis and chest had contact with the stiff vehicle frontal panel, resulting in a high stress being observed on the rib cage. In the simulation with the SUV-to-pedestrian impact, the force of the pelvis was high due to the contact with the vehicle hood's leading edge. The results indicated that the frontal shape of the vehicle has a large effect on the pedestrian kinematic behaviour, including the impact velocity of the pelvis, chest, and head against the vehicle. Moreover, the stiffness of the vehicle structure can affect the deformation mode of the human body segments, such as the lower extremities and the rib cage. The injury predictions for each body region from the FE analyses agreed with observations from pedestrian accidents involving a car, one-box vehicle and SUV, respectively.
Backscatter-Modulation Constellation for Full-Duplex Wireless Communication (2015)

In this paper, we consider two nodes that wish to communicate through wireless channels simultaneously at the same frequency. Our concept is based on backscatter modulation (BM), where electromagnetic waves are modulated and reflected by the same antenna that receives them. The base-station transmits a signal by varying amplitude and phase of the carrier wave. The end-user reflects the same signal with a new message modulated onto the received waveform. In this paper, we investigate different backscatter modulation constellations adequate for the full-duplex wireless communication system. Formulation for ASK, PSK and QAM 16 modulation, backscatter modulation and demodulation will be explored.
Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Products Used for Disinfecting Documents on Paper in Archives (2005)

SUMMARIES This study aims at evaluating the antifungal activity of three different products commonly used in Archives to prevent damage to documents by microbiological attack. Two commercial products were tested against a mixture of alcohol and water. From our results we assessed that greater effectiveness was reached using a solution of water:alcohol in the proportion 30:70. The advisable application method would be, as far as possible, a direct treatment over the substrate. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer l'effet fongicide de trois produits, légèrement dilués dans de l'alcool, utilisés communément dans les archives afin de protéger les documents conservés contre la dégradation. A l'aide des résultats obtenus on peut affirmer que l'efficacité maximum est atteinte en utilisant une solution dont le rapport eau/alcool est de 30/70. Cette solution devrait dans la mesure du possible être appliquée directement sur le papier. Ziel der Untersuchung ist die Qualifizierung der fungiziden Wirkung von drei entsprechenden in Archiven zur Schadensverhütung eingesetzten Substanzen, drei handelsüblichen und für den genannten Zweck empfohlenen Substanzen und leicht verdünntem Alkohol. Aus den Ergebnissen kann auf eine höhere Wirksamkeit einer Wasser-Alkohol-Mischung 30:70 geschlossen werden. Sie sollte soweit als möglich direkt auf das Papier aufgebracht werden.