gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersion of multiwall carbon nanotubes in blends of polypropylene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (2011)

Abstract State of dispersion of purified multiwall carbon nanotubes (p‐MWNT) in the presence of neutralized MWNT (n‐MWNT) in aqueous solution was assessed through UV–Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering measurements, and solution experiments. Raman spectroscopic analysis revealed that debundling of p‐MWNT in the presence of n‐MWNT in aqueous solution was persistent even in the solid mixture, which was supported by transmission electron microscopic analysis. The proposed mechanism behind the improved dispersion of p‐MWNT in the presence of n‐MWNT in aqueous solution has been based on the electrostatic charge repulsion between negatively charged n‐MWNT. The state of dispersion of p‐MWNT in the presence of n‐MWNT in 45/55 polypropylene/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PP/ABS) blends was assessed through Raman spectroscopic analysis, bulk electrical conductivity measurements, solution experiment, and crystallization studies. Raman spectroscopic analysis indicated that the state of dispersion of MWNT was improved with increasing n‐MWNT content of the mixture. This strategy led to a remarkable increase in the bulk electrical conductivity of 45/55 PP/ABS blends at 3 wt% MWNT content and was strongly dependent on the concentration of n‐MWNT in the mixture. Differential scanning calorimetric measurements along with solution experiments revealed the subsequent migration of MWNT from the PP phase to the ABS phase in the blends during melt‐mixing in the presence of higher fraction of n‐MWNT. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
CAdViSE or how to find the sweet spots of ABR systems (2022)

With the recent surge in Internet multimedia traffic, the enhancement and improvement of media players, specifically Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) media players happened at an incredible rate. DASH Media players take advantage of adapting a media stream to the network fluctuations by continuously monitoring the network and making decisions in near real-time. The performance of algorithms that are in charge of making such decisions was often difficult to be evaluated and objectively assessed from an End-to-end or holistic perspective [1].
Determination of lung regions on chest ct images with diffuse lung diseases by use of anatomical structures and pulmonary textures (2015)

To analyze diffuse lung diseases based on chest region computed tomography (CT) imaging by using a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system, it is necessary to first determine the lung regions subject to analysis. The lung regions can be selected relatively easily for healthy individuals, by applying a threshold. Selecting an area by using a threshold-based method can be difficult when dealing with lungs with diffuse lung diseases, owing to the abnormal opacities that characterize the diseases. Trials for determining the lung regions were conducted in this study, through texture analysis and machine learning, by narrowing down the lung regions to rough regions, and by referring to ribs and the diaphragm. This method can be used for determining lung regions for analysis of diffuse lung diseases.
Experience with Flamingo: a distributed, object-oriented user interface system (1986)

The Flamingo Window Management System is based on a remote method invocation mechanism that provides separate processes running in a heterogeneous, distributed computing environment with complete access to Flamingo's objects and methods. This object-oriented interface has made Flamingo a kernel window manager into which device drivers, graphics libraries, window managers and user interfaces can be dynamically loaded. This paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of Flamingo's system architecture, and introduces a new architecture which will provide a network-wide object space with object protection, migration, and garbage collection.
Space shuttle main engine component assembly, assignment, and scheduling expert system (1989)

The Space Shuttle utilizes several rocket engine systems, all of which must function with a high degree of reliability for successful mission completion. The Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) is by far the most complex of the rocket engine systems. In earlier spacecraft, rocket systems (and, in fact, the entire spacecraft) were designed for use on only a single mission and were discarded after use. In a major departure from earlier practices, almost all systems on the Space Shuttle, including the rocket systems, are designed to be reusable; only the external tank is discarded during each mission.
Analysis and design of low-distortion CMOS source followers (2005)

This paper presents the analysis of CMOS technology based nMOS source follower (NSF), pMOS source follower (PSF), and cascade-complementary source follower(CCSF) using a simplified large-signal model. Three new large-signal second harmonic equations and high-frequency transfer functions are derived. Optimization strategies which permit optimal design for low-distortion NSF, PSF, and CCSF are proposed. This includes a new complementary linearization method introduced for CCSF. With employment of dedicated optimization, the CCSF can achieve significantly better low-distortion broad-band characteristics than the other schemes. Comparative HSPICE simulated results for the three source followers have shown good agreement with the second-order analytical results using the simplified BSIM3 model equations.
Human Myeloid Leukemia Xenotransplant Model Demonstrates Leukemia Blood Vessels from Both Human and Mouse Origin. (2006)

Abstract Leukemia stem cell activity has been extensively studied and has been approached mainly in terms of self-renewal within the hematopoietic compartment. However, given the recent findings that the adult hematopoietic stem cell can provide hemangioblast activity - giving rise to both blood and blood vessels - we questioned whether leukemia also exhibits hemangioblast activity. To test this hypothesis we established a xenotransplant model whereby K562 human myeloid leukemia cells suspended in Matrigel are injected into sublethally irradiated NOD/scid mice. Leukemia loaded Matrigel plugs reliably grew in size in all (n=6) immunocompromised animals. After four weeks of leukemia growth the Matrigel plugs were excised and blood vessels evaluated. Out of six animals, two animals demonstrated human endothelial cells within the Matrigel plug, confirmed by LAMP-1 staining. Interestingly, six out of six animals demonstrated mouse endothelial cells within the Matrigel. This in vivo model demonstrates that human myeloid leukemia can provide hemangioblast activity. Moreover, it appears that within this Matrigel xenotransplant model, host blood vessels are also recruited. The significance of these results highlights the importance in recognizing the hemangioblast potential of leukemia stem cells. Ultimately, complete eradication of leukemia may depend on targeting leukemia-derived blood vessels in addition to cytotoxic therapy directed at the hematopoietic compartment.
The Selective Phosphoinoside-3-Kinase p110δ Inhibitor IPI-3063 Potently Suppresses B Cell Survival, Proliferation, and Differentiation (2017)

The class I phosphoinoside-3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important enzymes that relay signals from cell surface receptors to downstream mediators driving cellular functions. Elevated PI3K signaling is found in B cell malignancies and lymphocytes of patients with autoimmune disease. The p110δ catalytic isoform of PI3K is a rational target since it is critical for B lymphocyte development, survival, activation, and differentiation. In addition, activating mutations in <i>PIK3CD</i> encoding p110δ cause a human immunodeficiency known as activated PI3K delta syndrome. Currently, idelalisib is the only selective p110δ inhibitor that has been FDA approved to treat certain B cell malignancies. p110δ inhibitors can suppress autoantibody production in mouse models, but limited clinical trials in human autoimmunity have been performed with PI3K inhibitors to date. Thus, there is a need for additional tools to understand the effect of pharmacological inhibition of PI3K isoforms in lymphocytes. In this study, we tested the effects of a potent and selective p110δ inhibitor, IPI-3063, in assays of B cell function. We found that IPI-3063 potently reduced mouse B cell proliferation, survival, and plasmablast differentiation while increasing antibody class switching to IgG1, almost to the same degree as a pan-PI3K inhibitor. Similarly, IPI-3063 potently inhibited human B cell proliferation <i>in vitro</i>. The p110γ isoform has partially overlapping roles with p110δ in B cell development, but little is known about its role in B cell function. We found that the p110γ inhibitor AS-252424 had no significant impact on B cell responses. A novel dual p110δ/γ inhibitor, IPI-443, had comparable effects to p110δ inhibition alone. These findings show that p110δ is the dominant isoform mediating B cell responses and establish that IPI-3063 is a highly potent molecule useful for studying p110δ function in immune cells.
Direct Measurement of Decoherence for Entanglement between a Photon and Stored Atomic Excitation (2006)

Violations of a Bell inequality are reported for an experiment where one of two entangled qubits is stored in a collective atomic memory for a user-defined time delay. The atomic qubit is found to preserve the violation of a Bell inequality for storage times up to 21 micros, 700 times longer than the duration of the excitation pulse that creates the entanglement. To address the question of the security of entanglement-based cryptography implemented with this system, an investigation of the Bell violation as a function of the cross correlation between the generated nonclassical fields is reported, with saturation of the violation close to the maximum value allowed by quantum mechanics.
Compiler-based I/O prefetching for out-of-core applications (2001)

Current operating systems offer poor performance when a numeric application's working set does not fit in main memory. As a result, programmers who wish to solve “out-of-core” problems efficiently are typically faced with the onerous task of rewriting an application to use explicit I/O operations (e.g., read/write). In this paper, we propose and evaluate a fully automatic technique which liberates the programmer from this task, provides high performance, and requires only minimal changes to current operating systems. In our scheme the compiler provides the crucial information on future access patterns without burdening the programmer; the operating system supports nonbinding prefetch and release hints for managing I/O; and the operating systems cooperates with a run-time layer to accelerate performance by adapting to dynamic behavior and minimizing prefetch overhead. This approach maintains the abstraction of unlimited virtual memory for the programmer, gives the compiler the flexibility to aggressively insert prefetches ahead of references, and gives the operating system the flexibility to arbitrate between the competing resource demands of multiple applications. We implemented our compiler analysis within the SUIF compiler, and used it to target implementations of our run-time and OS support on both research and commercial systems (Hurricane and IRIX 6.5, respectively). Our experimental results show large performance gains for out-of-core scientific applications on both systems: more than 50% of the I/O stall time has been eliminated in most cases, thus translating into overall speedups of roughly twofold in many cases.
Wavefront sensor noise reduction and dynamic range expansion by means of optical image intensification (1990)

A Hartmann wavefront sensor measures optical wavefront aberrations by using a lens array to break the input sample into subapertures. The lens in each subaperture produces an image whose centroid position depends on the average phase front tilt in the subaperture. The simplest measurement implementation, a quad cell detector, is limited in tilt dynamic range to 1 wave because the (diffraction-limited) image has a radius equivalent to 1 wave of tilt. For greater tilts, the image is off-null and no positional information is available. Dynamic range can be increased by defocusing the spot but only at the expense of increased centroid variance. However, if the spot image is optically intensified before being detected, the intensified image can be defocused without increasing the centroid variance. A theoretical derivation of sensor performance with and without intensification is given. Results of simulations and laboratory experiment are presented showing good agreement with theory. The use of this technique may greatly extend the capabilities of wavefront sensor systems at modest increase in cost or complexity.
Constipation Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Constipation Are Not Discrete Disorders: A Machine Learning Approach (2020)

IBS-C and FC differ only about the presence of abdominal pain, arguably a self-fulfilling difference given that abdominal pain inherently distinguishes the 2 in current diagnostic criteria. This suggests that they are not distinct syndromes but a single syndrome varying along one clinical dimension. An alternative syndromic segregation is identified, which needs evaluation in community-based cohorts. These results have implications for patient recruitment into clinical trials, future disease classifications, and management guidelines.
Fast Motion Deblurring for Feature Detection and Matching Using Inertial Measurements (2018)

Many computer vision and image processing applications rely on local features. It is well-known that motion blur decreases the performance of traditional feature detectors and descriptors. We propose an inertial-based deblurring method for improving the robustness of existing feature detectors and descriptors against the motion blur. Unlike most deblurring algorithms, the method can handle spatially-variant blur and rolling shutter distortion. Furthermore, it is capable of running in real-time contrary to state-of-the-art algorithms. The limitations of inertial-based blur estimation are taken into account by validating the blur estimates using image data. The evaluation shows that when the method is used with traditional feature detector and descriptor, it increases the number of detected keypoints, provides higher repeatability and improves the localization accuracy. We also demonstrate that such features will lead to more accurate and complete reconstructions when used in the application of 3D visual reconstruction.
Signal propagation, with application to a lower bound on the depth of noisy formulas (2002)

We study the decay of an information signal propagating through a series of noisy channels. We obtain exact bounds on such decay, and as a result provide a new lower bound on the depth of formulas with noisy components. This improves upon previous work of N. Pippenger (1988) and significantly decreases the gap between his lower bound and the classical upper bound of von Neumann. We also discuss connections between our work and the study of mixing rates of Markov chains.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reversal of Alopecia Areata Following Treatment With the JAK1/2 Inhibitor Baricitinib (2015)

Baricitinib may be an effective treatment for AA and warrants further investigation in clinical trials.
Electrons in Cement (2011)

A system of stabilized solvated electrons has been realized in a new type of inorganic electride.
The Human Urine Metabolome (2013)

Urine has long been a "favored" biofluid among metabolomics researchers. It is sterile, easy-to-obtain in large volumes, largely free from interfering proteins or lipids and chemically complex. However, this chemical complexity has also made urine a particularly difficult substrate to fully understand. As a biological waste material, urine typically contains metabolic breakdown products from a wide range of foods, drinks, drugs, environmental contaminants, endogenous waste metabolites and bacterial by-products. Many of these compounds are poorly characterized and poorly understood. In an effort to improve our understanding of this biofluid we have undertaken a comprehensive, quantitative, metabolome-wide characterization of human urine. This involved both computer-aided literature mining and comprehensive, quantitative experimental assessment/validation. The experimental portion employed NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), direct flow injection mass spectrometry (DFI/LC-MS/MS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) experiments performed on multiple human urine samples. This multi-platform metabolomic analysis allowed us to identify 445 and quantify 378 unique urine metabolites or metabolite species. The different analytical platforms were able to identify (quantify) a total of: 209 (209) by NMR, 179 (85) by GC-MS, 127 (127) by DFI/LC-MS/MS, 40 (40) by ICP-MS and 10 (10) by HPLC. Our use of multiple metabolomics platforms and technologies allowed us to identify several previously unknown urine metabolites and to substantially enhance the level of metabolome coverage. It also allowed us to critically assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of different platforms or technologies. The literature review led to the identification and annotation of another 2206 urinary compounds and was used to help guide the subsequent experimental studies. An online database containing the complete set of 2651 confirmed human urine metabolite species, their structures (3079 in total), concentrations, related literature references and links to their known disease associations are freely available at http://www.urinemetabolome.ca.
Tensor-Based Channel Estimation for RIS-Assisted Communications with Non-Ideal Phase Shift Responses (2022)

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a candidate technology for future wireless networks. It is known that the promised gains of RIS-assisted communications depend on the channel estimation performance. When the RIS is affected by imperfections, the associated phase shift responses present a non-ideal behavior, which translates into unknown, and possibly time-varying, phase deviations. Such perturbations can be caused by physical, electronic, or environmentalrelated conditions. In this scenario, traditional channel estimation schemes may fail to provide sufficiently accurate channel estimates. In this work, considering a time-varying RIS imperfection model, we propose an efficient and low-complexity tensor-based method to estimate the involved communication channels under unknown phase-shift responses. The proposed algorithm relies on a tensor modeling of the received signals and has a closed-form solution based on the higher order singular value decomposition. Simulation results show the effectiveness of our proposed solution in terms of estimation accuracy and computational complexity compared to the benchmark method.
Synthesis of Homo‐ and Heterobiarylmethylamines. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Predictive Markers of AIDS Dementia Complex: CD4 Cell Count and Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of 2-Microglobulin and Neopterin (1996)

A predictive marker for AIDS dementia complex (ADC) in a cohort of neurologically asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients with < 200 CD4 cells/microL was sought. Patients were assessed neurologically and neuropsychologically at entry. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were taken for assay of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M), and neopterin and T cell subsets were assessed from blood. Patients were evaluated every 4 months. Of 37 patients recruited, 35 had sufficient follow-up data. Seventeen patients progressed to ADC stage > or = 1. In univariate analyses, concentrations of CSF beta 2M and neopterin and CD4 cell count were each significantly associated with ADC development. In a multivariate analysis, concentrations of CSF beta 2M remained significant, with levels > 5 mg/L carrying approximately 17 times the risk of ADC. CSF beta 2M and neopterin levels and CD4 cell count are useful in identifying patients at risk of ADC and as such can be used to target high-risk patients so therapy can be optimized.
Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus and temephos for managing Anopheles larvae in Eritrea. (2003)

We evaluated the larvicidal activity of the granular formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) serotype H-14 (Vectobac G, 200 ITU/mg) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bsph) serotype H5a5b (Vectolex CG, 670 Bs ITU/mg) against Anopheles arabiensis and other mosquitoes in breeding habitats in 3 sites, Gash-Barka, Anseba, and Debub zones, in Eritrea. The primary objective was to determine the optimal application rate and duration of effect for Bti and Bsph in representative larval habitats as compared with the organophosphate temephos. The biolarvicides were tested at 100% (high) and 50% (low) of the maximum recommended application rate. Temephos was applied at a rate of 100 ml/ha. At least 4 replicate experiments with Vectobac G (5.6 and 11.2 kg/ha), Vectolex CG (11.2 and 22.4 kg/ha) were conducted in each study site. All 3 larvicides caused significant mortality of the main malaria vector species, An. arabiensis, and other mosquito species (Anopheles cinereus, Anopheles pretoriensis, Culex quinquefasciatus). The larvicidal activity for Bti and Bsph was variable depending upon breeding habitat, mosquito species, and general ecology of the area. Both biopesticides had a similar duration of activity (2-3 wk) and were generally as effective as temephos for these time periods. In some cases, the high and low application rates for Bti and Bsph produced equivalent control over 2-3 wk. The 2 Bacillus biopesticides were less effective in habitats with high algal content and in fast flowing streams primarily because of the inability to penetrate algal mats and dilution effect, respectively. The results show that application of the 2 biolarvicides bimonthly to streambed pools, rain pools, and similar habitats would maintain control of the anopheline mosquito population.
Flexible inkjet-printed metamaterial paper absorber (2014)

In this paper, a novel inkjet-printed metamaterial absorber is proposed for the first time. The proposed absorber consists of circular Jerusalem-Cross resonators and it is printed on a thin paper substrate. The performance of the proposed absorber is validated through EM simulation and measurement. Flexibility and high absorptivity are achieved in X-band.