gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photochemie von Aminoketonen. VII. Eine diastereoselektive Synthese von 3‐Hydroxy‐prolinen (1985)

Photochemistry of Aminoketones. VIII. Diastereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐prolines Glycine esters react in two steps (aminoalkylation and N‐acylation) to N‐acyl‐N‐(β‐benzoylethyl)‐glycine ester 3 . In less polar solvents these ketonic compounds are n,π * ‐excited by 300 nm irradiation. In ether 3 * yield mixtures of aminocyclopropanoles 4 , hydroxyprolines 5 and products of additions and cleavages. In benzene and cyclohexane/benzene, respectively, the regioselective photocyclization to 5 is favoured. Furthermore this hydroxyproline synthesis has the advantages of high diastereoselectivity yielding the ( 2,3) E–5 and of high overall‐yields in connection with the one pot method. The influence of solvents and substituents on the regio‐ and diastereoselectivity are explained using a model with stabilization of special conformations of intermediates by dipol‐dipol interactions.
Stably Transfected Human Embryonic Stem Cell Clones Express OCT4‐Specific Green Fluorescent Protein and Maintain Self‐Renewal and Pluripotency (2005)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of preimplantation embryos; they can be cultured indefinitely and differentiated into many cell types in vitro. These cells therefore have the ability to provide insights into human disease and provide a potential unlimited supply of cells for cell-based therapy. Little is known about the factors that are important for maintaining undifferentiated hESCs in vitro, however. As a tool to investigate these factors, transfected hES clonal cell lines were generated; these lines are able to express the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene under control of the OCT4 promoter. OCT4 is an important marker of the undifferentiated state and a central regulator of pluripotency in ES cells. These OCT4-EGFP clonal cell lines exhibit features similar to parental hESCs, are pluripotent, and are able to produce all three embryonic germ layer cells. Expression of OCT4-EGFP is colocalized with endogenous OCT4, as well as the hESC surface antigens SSEA4 and Tra-1-60. In addition, the expression is retained in culture for an extensive period of time. Differentiation of these cells toward the neural lineage and targeted knockdown of endogenous OCT4 expression by RNA interference downregulated the EGFP expression in these cell lines, and this correlates closely with the reduction of endogenous OCT4 expression. Therefore, these cell lines provide an easy and noninvasive method to monitor expression of OCT4 in hESCs, and they will be invaluable for studying not only OCT4 function in hESC self-renewal and differentiation but also the factors required for maintenance of undifferentiated hESCs in culture.
CuI-nanoparticles-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of benzo[ b ]furans via three-component coupling of aldehydes, amines and alkyne (2012)

A novel application of copper iodide nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst has been developed for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted benzo[b]furan derivatives via three-component coupling of aldehydes, secondary amines and alkyne. The method presented is green, effective, inexpensive and satisfactory to give the products in high yields and short reaction times by the use of novel nanoscale materials.
Nitrate Is an Environmental Cue in the Gut for Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Biofilm Dispersal through Curli Repression and Flagellum Activation via Cyclic-di-GMP Signaling (2022)

Curli, a major component of the bacterial biofilms in the intestinal tract, activates pattern recognition receptors and triggers joint inflammation after infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The factors that allow <i>S.</i> Typhimurium to disperse from biofilms and invade the epithelium to establish a successful infection during acute inflammation remain unknown. Here, we studied <i>S.</i> Typhimurium biofilms <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> to understand how the inflammatory environment regulates the switch between multicellular and motile <i>S.</i> Typhimurium in the gut. We discovered that nitrate generated by the host is an environmental cue that induces <i>S.</i> Typhimurium to disperse from the biofilm. Nitrate represses production of an important biofilm component, curli, and activates flagella via the modulation of intracellular cyclic-di-GMP levels. We conclude that nitrate plays a central role in pathogen fitness by regulating the sessile-to-motile lifestyle switch during infection. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Recent studies provided important insight into our understanding of the role of c-di-GMP signaling and the regulation of enteric biofilms. Despite an improved understanding of how c-di-GMP signaling regulates <i>S.</i> Typhimurium biofilms, the processes that affect the intracellular c-di-GMP levels and the formation of multicellular communities <i>in vivo</i> during infections remain unknown. Here, we show that nitrate generated in the intestinal lumen during infection with <i>S.</i> Typhimurium is an important regulator of biofilm formation <i>in vivo</i>.
Stretchable, Multiplexed pH Sensors With Demonstrations on Rabbit and Human Hearts Undergoing Ischemia (2013)

Stable pH is an established biomarker of health, relevant to all tissues of the body, including the heart. Clinical monitoring of pH in a practical manner, with high spatiotemporal resolution, is particularly difficult in organs such as the heart due to its soft mechanics, curvilinear geometry, heterogeneous surfaces, and continuous, complex rhythmic motion. The results presented here illustrate that advanced strategies in materials assembly and electrochemical growth can yield interconnected arrays of miniaturized IrOx pH sensors encapsulated in thin, low-modulus elastomers to yield conformal monitoring systems capable of noninvasive measurements on the surface of the beating heart. A thirty channel custom data acquisition system enables spatiotemporal pH mapping with a single potentiostat. In vitro testing reveals super-Nernstian sensitivity with excellent uniformity (69.9 ± 2.2 mV/pH), linear response to temperature (-1.6 mV °C(-1) ), and minimal influence of extracellular ions (<3.5 mV). Device examples include sensor arrays on balloon catheters and on skin-like stretchable membranes. Real-time measurement of pH on the surfaces of explanted rabbit hearts and a donated human heart during protocols of ischemia-reperfusion illustrate some of the capabilities. Envisioned applications range from devices for biological research, to surgical tools and long-term implants.
Automatic Resonance Frequency Retuning of Stretchable Liquid Metal Receive Coil for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2018)

Stretchable magnetic resonance (MR) receive coils show shifts in their resonance frequency when stretched. An in-field receiver measures the frequency response of a stretchable coil. The receiver and coil are designed to operate at 128 MHz for a 3T MR scanner. Based on the measured frequency response, we are able to detect the changes of the resonance frequency of the coil. We show a proportional-integral-derivative controller that tracks the changes in resonance frequency and retunes the stretchable coil. The settling time of the control loop is less than 3.8ms. The retuning system reduces the loss in signal-to-noise ratio of phantom images from 1.6 dB to 0.3 dB, when the coil is stretched by 40% and the coil is retuned to 128 MHz.
A large scale software system for simulation and design optimization of mechanical systems (1989)

The concept of an advanced integrated, networked simulation and design system is outlined. Such an advanced system can be developed utilizing existing codes without compromising the integrity and functionality of the system. An example has been used to demonstrate the applicability of the concept of the integrated system outlined here. The development of an integrated system can be done incrementally. Initial capabilities can be developed and implemented without having a detailed design of the global system. Only a conceptual global system must exist. For a fully integrated, user friendly design system, further research is needed in the areas of engineering data bases, distributed data bases, and advanced user interface design.
Insulin Resistance Precedes Weight Loss in Adults without Diabetes : The Rancho Bernardo Study (2001)

Insulin resistance is closely associated with both aging and overweight; yet in old age, weight loss is common, although insulin resistance increases. To study this paradox, the authors evaluated the role of insulin resistance in weight change among older adults from the Rancho Bernardo Study cohort. Participants were 725 nondiabetic men and women who were aged 50-89 years when weight and insulin were measured at baseline (1984-1987). The participants were evaluated again in 1992-1996, at which time weight was remeasured. Fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) measurements were evaluated in separate but parallel statistical models as surrogates for insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, when defined as the top quartile of fasting insulin level or HOMA value, was significantly associated with weight loss before and after adjustment for baseline weight and age (fasting insulin: beta = -1.30 kg, p = 0.01; HOMA: beta = -1.18 kg, p = 0.01). Results were the same for men versus women, for the overweight (body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) > 26.6) [corrected] versus the normal weight (body mass index < or = 26.6) [corrected], and for younger persons (age <70 years) versus older persons (age > or = 70 years). Insulin-resistant individuals had a threefold increased likelihood of losing 10 or more kg compared with those without insulin resistance. The authors conclude that hyperinsulinemia, independently of age and baseline weight, may have a catabolic effect in the elderly.
Analytical Model of Fluid Flow through Closed Structures for Vacuum Tube Systems (2015)

An analytical model is developed to evaluate airtightness, which is one of the most important requirements of vacuum tube transportation systems. The main objective of the model is to anticipate the pressure inside a closed structure, which initially decreases and then rises with time owing to the inflow of the air outside. The model is formulated by using Darcy’s law and by solving the differential equations that consider the air permeability of the material and physical configuration of the tube. Equations are derived for a tube section in two cases: one with constant thickness and another with variable thickness. Although the developed model must be verified experimentally, results simulated by using the model with several assumed sections were consistent with the findings of a previous study. The mathematical model developed here to predict the behavior of the pressure inside a vacuum tube structure could be effectively used to evaluate the airtightness of vacuum tube transportation systems. Such data could provide background technical information for the practical design of the system.
Visualizing undyed microplastic particles and fibers with plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (2022)

Despite widespread awareness that enormous consumption of plastics is not sustainable, the global production and use of plastics continue to grow. This generates vast amounts of plastic waste and microplastics, ending up e. g., in the marine environment. There are serious challenges in detecting and measuring microplastics, especially in highly diluted natural samples. Here, a new alternative microplastic detection method based on plasmonenhanced fluorescence (PEF) was developed and tested using fluorescence microscopy. In particular, gold nanopillar-based substrates, displaying (i) high electromagnetic field enhancement, and (ii) surface superhydrophobicity and high adhesion properties, were utilized to enhance the fluorescence emission signal from microplastics in water samples. The fluorescence microscopy imaging revealed remarkable fluorescence enhancement by the PEF substrates on the microplastic particles and fibers with different sizes of both conventional, low-density polyethylene, and biodegradable poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate). The limit of detection and quantification by this method was estimated to be as low as 0.35 and 1.2 femtograms, respectively. The observed fluorescence enhancement of the gold nanopillar substrates for the microplastics was ca. 70 times greater than the case of having the microplastics on a glass substrate. Additionally, 3D FEM simulations were performed to further investigate the system's electromagnetic field distribution near the nanostructures. This new method makes undyed microplastics visible in fluorescence microscopy, even particles and fibres too small to be imaged with conventional light microscopy. This can be a great tool for microplastic research, helping us to detect, study, understand microplastic dynamics in water based systems.
Types and properties of some bacteria isolated from hypersaline soils (1982)

Five rhizosphere soil samples from the dominant xerophytic plants, and nearby root‐free soil samples were obtained from a series of hypersaline soils (5.0–10.7% NaCl) from sites near Alicante in Spain. Physico‐chemical analyses were made, and the bacterial flora estimated using three different plating media. Counts from rhizosphere soil were always significantly higher than those from root‐free soils. A total of 211 strains isolated were purified and identified to genus level; 12 could not be classified. The range of salt concentration allowing growth was determined for each isolate, but this did not correlate with the salt content of the soil habitat. Most isolates appeared to be typical moderate halophiles (with optimum growth between 5 and 15% salts), but about half of them grew on normal media with only 0.9% naCl, a notable difference from moderately halophilic aquatic bacteria. Extreme halophiles were rare but this may have been due to an insufficient incubation period.
Exploiting the SoC FPGA Capabilities in the Control Architecture of a Quadruped Robot (2020)

The use of FPGAs in the field of robotics has the potential to create interesting results considering the former's assets and the latter's necessities. Motion control is highly demanding both in resources and data, while the number of sensors employed in robotic devices can be large. On the other hand, FPGAs have gained a renowned place in the field of digital circuit implementation media. Simultaneously, the vast number of peripherals they are equipped with, renders them as ideal for the management of multiple external signals. In this paper, a highly affordable control architecture has been implemented for the quadruped robot Laelaps II based on a SoC FPGA, in order to examine the use of FPGAs in demanding robotic applications. The proposed system has realtime characteristics and is capable of controlling more than eight actuators at very high frequencies, outperforming most motion control platforms existing in the market, while keeping the total cost low. To achieve this, signals from all the robots peripherals are handled in parallel by the FPGA at a very high frequency, leaving the embedded ARM processor free to allocate all its resources to motion control and user interfacing tasks. The whole hardware/ software architecture is analyzed and evaluated compared with state-of-the-art approaches, while a trotting experiment with the Laelaps II motion system is presented for validation purposes.
Light-Emitting Superstructures with Anion Effect: Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly of Pure Tetraphenylethylene Metallacycles and Metallacages (2016)

Herein, we describe the synthesis of tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based di-Pt(II) acceptors as shown by X-ray analysis, which are subsequently used to construct pure TPE-based 2D hexagonal metallacycles and 3D drumlike metallacages with three different counteranions via coordination-driven self-assembly. The metallacycles possess alternating TPE donor and acceptor units that arrange 12 pendant phenyl rings along the outer perimeter that provide the basis for the observed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior. The metallacages are similarly constructed from TPE-based building blocks, specifically two donors and four acceptors, resulting in eight freely rotating phenyl rings decorating the prismatic core. The fluorescence of these cages in dilute solution is intensified when hexane is added to CH2Cl2 solutions, indicative of aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE). The influence of the counteranions on the photophysics of the assemblies was investigated. The molar absorption coefficients (ε), fluorescence emission intensities, and quantum yield (ΦF) values of the SCCs with different counteranions in CH2Cl2 follow the order PF6(-) > OTf(-) > NO3(-). The same trend also applies to the AIE characteristics of the SCCs in the aggregated state. The metal-organic materials developed here not only enrich a newly emerging library of self-assembly AIE metallacycles and cages that are promising candidates for turn-on fluorescent sensors and advanced optical devices but also provide an understanding of how structural factors affect the photophysics of AIE-active SCCs.
Anodic Oxidation of Catechol in Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Using Carbon Paste Electrode (1971)

1Nから20Nの硫酸中で,逆転クロノボテンシオメトリー,サイクリックボルタメトリーを使用してカテコールの陽極反応について検討した。カテコールの二電子酸化によって生じた1,2-ベンゾキノンは電子授受に後続する化学反応により二量化ないしは多量化する。この反応は酸触媒される。なお電極としてカーボンベーストを使用した。
Adipokine und Lipidstoffwechsel bei Typ-2-Diabetes (2007)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Influence of Decavanadate Clusters on the Rheological Properties of Gelatin (2008)

The influence of polyoxovanadate clusters ([H(2)V(10)O(28)](4-)) on the thermo-reversible gelation of porcine skin gelatin solution (type A, M w approximately 40 000 g.mol (-1), pH = 3.4 << isoelectric point (IEP) approximately 8) has been investigated as a function of temperature and vanadate concentration by combining rheology and microcalorimetry. This work shows that the rheological properties of the system depend on electrostatic interactions between [H(2)V(10)O(28)](4-) and positively charged gelatin chains. In a first stage, we describe the renaturation of the gelatin triple helices in the presence of decavanadate clusters. We reveal that, when gelatin chains are in coil conformation (30 degrees C < T < 50 degrees C), the inorganic clusters act as physical cross-linkers that govern the visco-elastic properties of the mixture with an exponential dependence of the (G', G'') modulus with the vanadate concentration. Below 30 degrees C, we show that gelatin triple helix nucleation is slightly favored by the presence of vanadate, but above a helix concentration of 0.012 g.cm (-3), G' is fully governed by the helix concentration. During the melting process, we reveal the non-fully reversible behavior of the vanadate/gelatin rheological properties and the stabilization of gelatin triple helices due to vanadate species until 50 degrees C. This non-reversible character has also been observed in the same experimental conditions with collagen/vanadate solutions. This is the first time that such a stabilization of triple helices has been reported in the case of gelatin hydrogels chemically cross-linked or not. We propose to analyze these results by considering that triple helix aggregates should persist because of decavanadate bridging, that the nucleation of an extended triple helix network may induce a strong modification of the vanadate cross-linker distribution in the system, or both, thus promoting the formation of thermally stable vanadate/gelatin micro-gels in the dangling end of the triple helices.
Pathological Features of Spontaneous and Induced Tumors in Transgenic Mice Carrying a Human Prototype c-Ha-ras Gene Used for Six-Month Carcinogenicity Studies (1998)

To validate the transgenic (Tg) mouse carrying a human prototype c-Ha-ras gene (rasH2 mouse) as a model for short or medium-term carcinogenicity testing, 6-mo carcinogenicity studies using more than 30 chemicals, including carcinogens and noncarcinogens, have been performed. The results obtained so far indicate that rasH2 mice are generally much more susceptible to both mutagenic and nonmutagenic carcinogens than are non-Tg mice, pointing to advantageous application for detection of carcinogenic potential. In this review, histopathological features and diagnostic criteria for spontaneous and induced-tumors observed in our 6-mo carcinogenicity studies are described. Incidences of spontaneous tumors were generally low in rasH2 mice during the 6-mo studies, although values for lung adenomas and splenic hemangiosarcomas were higher than those in the control non-Tg mice. A few forestomach papillomas and skin papillomas were also observed in the control rasH2 mice. The target organs in rasH2 mice treated with known carcinogens were not always identical to those in the treated B6C3F1 mice in 2-yr carcinogenicity bioassays, with forestomach squamous cell tumors, lung alveolar epithelial tumors and/or hemangiosarcomas in the spleen observed in addition to some but not all of the lesions in target organs observed in non-Tg mice in long-term carcinogenicity bioassays. The results of the present histological study suggest that the lung, spleen and/or forestomach, where tumors are induced in rasH2 mice treated with known carcinogens, should be regarded as informative target organs in addition to the target organs reported in previous long-term carcinogenicity bioassays in rats and mice.
Estimates of Protein Surface Areas in Solution by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2005)

The extent of multiple charging of protein ions in electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra depends on the solvent-exposed surface area, but it may also be influenced by a variety of other extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Gas-phase ion chemistry (charge-transfer and charge-partitioning reactions) appears to be the major extrinsic factor influencing the extent of protonation as detected by ESI MS. In this work, we demonstrate that under carefully controlled conditions, which limit the occurrence of the charge-transfer reactions in the gas phase, charge-state distributions of protein ions can be used to assess the solvent-exposed surface area in solution. A set of proteins ranging from 5-kDa insulin to 500-kDa ferritin shows a clear correlation between the average charge in ESI mass spectra acquired under native conditions and their surface areas calculated based on the available crystal structures. An increase of the extent of charge-transfer reactions in the ESI interface results in a noticeable decrease of the average charge of protein ions across the entire range of tested proteins, while the charge-surface correlation is maintained. On the other hand, the intrinsic factors (e.g., a limited number of basic residues) do not appear to play a significant role in determining the protein ion charge. Based on these results, it is now possible to obtain estimates of the surface areas of proteins and protein complexes, for which crystal structures are not available. We also demonstrate how the ESI MS measurements can be used to characterize protein-protein interaction in solution by providing quantitative information on the subunit interfaces formed in protein associations.