gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal H∞ sampled-data control in continuous time systems (1991)

A direct solution for the standard H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> problem is derived in a setting where a digital (discrete-time) controller has to be designed for a continuous-time system. Our Riccati equation based results include feasibility criteria and parameterization of all compensators with a specified performance. They also feature a characterization of the lowest sampling frequency needed to assure a desired level of performance. We consider both cases where the A/D and D/A elements are pre specified and cases where either or both these components are left as part of the design problem.
A chimeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) minimal Rev response element-ribozyme molecule exhibits dual antiviral function and inhibits cell-cell transmission of HIV-1 (1996)

We have previously shown that hairpin ribozymes targeting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome can effectively inhibit virus replication in a variety of primary and cultured hematopoietic cells. To further increase antiviral potency and minimize the chance of viral resistance, we have now cloned the stem-loop II sequences of the HIV type 1 Rev response element into ribozyme transcription cassettes. Fusion RNA molecules were shown to function both as RNA decoys and ribozymes. Stable Molt-4/8 cell lines expressing fusion RNA of stem-loop II and a ribozyme directed at the HIV-type 1 U5 sequence (MSLMJT) or its disabled counterpart (MSLdMJT) were generated. The expression of fusion RNA was persistent for at least 6 months without apparent cytotoxicity. When virus inhibition was examined after the cocultivation of transduced cells with chronically infected Jurkat cells, much greater protection was observed in MSLMJT cells than in MSLdMJT or MMJT (expressing only the ribozyme) cells. Furthermore, to specifically compare the ribozyme activities in various transduced cells, we determined the quantitative levels of proviral DNA in the first round of virus replication (7 h after infection with HXB2). By competitive PCR, the proviral DNA levels in MSLMJT and MMJT cells were found to be reduced to 1/7 and 1/3, respectively, compared with those in MSLdMJT and MdMJT cells. These results suggest not only that the greater inhibition afforded by this fusion RNA was due to its function both as decoy and ribozyme but also that the ribozyme activity may be facilitated.
A soil moisture monitoring network to assess controls on runoff generation during atmospheric river events (2020)

Abstract Soil moisture is a key modifier of runoff generation from rainfall excess, including during extreme precipitation events associated with Atmospheric Rivers (ARs). This paper presents a new, publicly available dataset from a soil moisture monitoring network in Northern California's Russian River Basin, designed to assess soil moisture controls on runoff generation under AR conditions. The observations consist of 2‐min volumetric soil moisture at 19 sites and 6 depths (5, 10, 15, 20, 50, and 100 cm), starting in summer 2017. The goals of this monitoring network are to aid the development of research applications and situational awareness tools for Forecast‐Informed Reservoir Operations at Lake Mendocino. We present short analyses of these data to demonstrate their capability to characterize soil moisture responses to precipitation across sites and depths, including time series analysis, correlation analysis, and identification of soil saturation thresholds that induce runoff. Our results show strong inter‐site Pearson's correlations (&gt;0.8) at the seasonal timescale. Correlations are strong (&gt;0.8) during events with high antecedent soil moisture and during drydown periods, and weak (&lt;0.5) otherwise. High event runoff ratios are observed when antecedent soil moisture thresholds are exceeded, and when antecedent runoff is high. Although local heterogeneity in soil moisture can limit the utility of point source data in some hydrologic model applications, our analyses indicate three ways in which soil moisture data are valuable for model design: (1) sensors installed at 6 depths per location enable us to identify the soil depth below which evapotranspiration and saturation dynamics change, and therefore choose model soil layer depths, (2) time series analysis indicates the role of soil moisture processes in controlling runoff ratio during precipitation, which hydrologic models should replicate, and (3) spatial correlation analysis of the soil moisture fluctuations helps identify when and where distributed hydrologic modelling may be beneficial.
A comparative clinical evaluation of the assay of serum extracellular domain of HER2 protein using a chemiluminescent immunoassay method in breast cancer patients with or without HER2 protein expression in immunohistochemistry. (2012)

sHER2-ECD testing may be a useful tumor marker for monitoring breast cancer patients, even in those with negative IHC for the HER2 protein.
The Homeodomain Transcription Factor Xvent-2 Mediates Autocatalytic Regulation of BMP-4 Expression in XenopusEmbryos (2000)

Like other genes of the transforming growth factor-beta family, the BMP-4 gene is regulated by an autocatalytic loop. In Xenopus embryos this loop can be ectopically induced by injection of BMP-2 RNA. However, cycloheximide treatment subsequent to BMP-2 overexpression revealed that BMP signaling is not direct but requires additional factor(s). As putative mediator we have identified Xvent-2 which is activated by BMP-2/4 signaling and, in turn, activates BMP-4 transcription. Using promoter/reporter assays we have delineated Xvent-2 responsive elements within the BMP-4 gene. We further demonstrate that Xvent-2 which has recently been characterized as a transcriptional repressor can also act, context dependent, as an activator binding two copies of a 5'-CTAATT-3' motif in the second intron of the BMP-4 gene. Replacement of Xvent-2 target sites within the goosecoid (gsc) promoter by the BMP-4 enhancer converts Xvent-2 caused repression of gsc to strong activation. This switch is obviously due to adjacent nucleotides probably binding a transcriptional co-activator interacting with Xvent-2. A model is presented describing the mechanism of BMP-4 gene activation in Xenopus embryos at the early gastrula stage.
Clinical Mastitis in Primiparous Holsteins: Comparisons of Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Carriers and Noncarriers (1999)

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency on clinical mastitis incidence, severity, and duration in Holstein cows. Genomic DNA from milk of 847 Holstein cows in six Pennsylvania herds was used to determine bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency genotypes (82 or 9.7% carriers). Data on clinical mastitis incidence, severity, duration, and pathogen involved were collected during first lactation for the project cows. One hundred ninety-four cows had one or more clinical mastitis episodes; milk samples from each quarter with clinical mastitis were collected at discovery of the episode and were cultured following National Mastitis Council recommendations. The overall incidence of clinical mastitis was significantly affected by sire and herd-year-season of calving. In addition, incidence of clinical mastitis tended to increase with age at first calving. Severity and duration of clinical mastitis were impacted by the pathogen involved. Incidence of clinical mastitis from all pathogens, from coagulase-negative staphylococci, and from coliform bacteria was not significantly related to bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency status. Carriers tended to have lower rates of mastitis from streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae when compared with noncarriers, but this result should be interpreted with caution because of the low frequency of mastitis from the streptococci. Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency status was unrelated to severity or duration of clinical episodes. Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency carriers are probably similar to noncarriers in resistance to clinical mastitis.
Highly Stereoselective Conversion of Aryl Peptidyl Ketones into the Corresponding Peptide Alcohols (2004)

Abstract In this paper we describe the conversion of aryl peptidyl ketones, by a hydride reduction, into the corresponding peptide alcohols. The developed methodology is highly stereoselective and represents a very important application in peptide chemistry for obtaining peptide alcohols. It provides peptide alcohols with definite stereochemistry and in moderate, but satisfactory, yields. The reducing procedure, performed with NaBH 3 CN and TiCl 4 , probably proceeds via two diastereomeric cyclic intermediates that show different reactivity. The stereochemistry of the resulting alcohols was established after obtaining them by an alternative synthetic procedure. Furthermore, the methodology adopted keeps the urethane protecting group on the amino function of the N‐terminal amino acid residue. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
A light-remote-controllable Core-Shell-Brush nanosystem prepared through a sequential one-pot strategy (2019)

&lt;p&gt;The development of smart nanosystems that transduce external stimuli to physical changes is an inspiring challenge in current materials chemistry. In this framework, hybrid organic-inorganic nanosystems attract great attention due to the combination of building blocks that respond to specific external stimuli. Poly(&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-isopropylacrylamide) –PNIPAm- has been explored in temperature-responsive actuators with applications in drug or gene delivery, biocatalysis, or separation. However, little work has been dedicated to produce nanosystems that couple thermal actuation with other external stimuli that can remote-control the mechanical response. In this work, we present a sequential method for obtaining core-shell-brush nanosystems that can transduce light irradiation into a mechanical response through a thermoplasmonic effect. We synthetize hybrid monodisperse silica colloids covered with controllable PNIPAm brushes, produced through a simple and reproducible radical photopolymerization. This methodology can be applied successfully to Au@SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; nanoparticles, leading to a core-shell-brush architecture. When these systems are irradiated with green LED light, direct light-to-heat conversion leads to shrinkage of the polymer layer. Our results demonstrate that modular hybrid nanosystems composed of a plasmonic heating module, a buffer silica layer, and an external thermo-responsive brush can be designed and produced with photo-thermo-mechanical transduction, which can be applied in smart carriers or soft robotics.&lt;/p&gt;
New insights from the British doctors study (2004)

Risks for persistent smoking are substantially larger than previously suspected 

The cause of the sharp increase in lung cancer rates that began early in the last century was not well established until Richard Doll and colleagues presented the initial findings from the British doctors study exactly 50 years ago.1 That paper and the updates that followed provided irrefutable evidence showing the extraordinarily adverse health consequences of cigarette smoking. The current report represents far more than a celebratory milestone in public health.2

With the extended follow up of the British doctors cohort, this new report provides critical new information and convincingly shows that the risks for persistent cigarette smoking are actually substantially larger than had previously been suspected. Indeed, this study shows that about half to two thirds of all persistent cigarette smokers will eventually be killed by their habit. This study shows that with successive age cohorts, reflecting earlier ages at initiation, the death …
Neutrophils suppress tumor‐infiltrating T cells in colon cancer via matrix metalloproteinase‐mediated activation of TGF β (2019)

High T-cell infiltration in colorectal cancer (CRC) correlates with a favorable disease outcome and immunotherapy response. This, however, is only observed in a small subset of CRC patients. A better understanding of the factors influencing tumor T-cell responses in CRC could inspire novel therapeutic approaches to achieve broader immunotherapy responsiveness. Here, we investigated T cell-suppressive properties of different myeloid cell types in an inducible colon tumor mouse model. The most potent inhibitors of T-cell activity were tumor-infiltrating neutrophils. Gene expression analysis and combined in vitro and in vivo tests indicated that T-cell suppression is mediated by neutrophil-secreted metalloproteinase activation of latent TGFβ. CRC patient neutrophils similarly suppressed T cells via TGFβ in vitro, and public gene expression datasets suggested that T-cell activity is lowest in CRCs with combined neutrophil infiltration and TGFβ activation. Thus, the interaction of neutrophils with a TGFβ-rich tumor microenvironment may represent a conserved immunosuppressive mechanism in CRC.
Review of Current Field Testing Methods for Soil Nailing (1997)

The techniques used for testing the load capacity of soil nails vary greatly. This paper looks at some methods undertaken in various parts of the world and the results that are generated from these tests. The review is also combined with an investigation into current guides and practice codes that are available, and considers nail testing in the field a requirement of a soil nailing project. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 898496.
Structure of TolC, the outer membrane component of the bacterial type I efflux system, derived from two‐dimensional crystals (1997)

TolC is an outer membrane protein required for the export of virulence proteins and toxic compounds without a periplasmic intermediate. We show that TolC is an integral part of the translocator, interacting with inner membrane components, by demonstrating a need for TolC in protein export not only from intact cells but also from sphaeroplasts. To establish the structure of TolC, and thus gain information on how this might be achieved, the protein was purified from the Escherichia coli outer membrane, as a trimer, and crystallized in two‐dimensional lattices by reconstitution in phospholipid bilayers. The projection structure at 12 Å resolution showed a threefold symmetric molecule of 58 Å outer diameter, and a single pool of stain filling its centre. Side views parallel to the membrane plane revealed an additional domain outside the membrane. Eighteen membrane‐spanning β‐strands were predicted for the 51.5 kDa monomer, excluding a 7 kDa C‐terminal segment, and this segment was shown to contain a proteinase K‐sensitive site that was exposed in reconstituted membranes and sphaeroplasts, but which was protected in intact cells. The combined data suggest that TolC is a trimeric outer membrane protein with each monomer comprising a membrane domain, predicted to be β‐barrel, and a C‐terminal periplasmic domain. The latter could form part of the bridge to the energized inner membrane component of the translocation complex.
Coping with irregular spatio-temporal sampling in sensor networks (2004)

Wireless sensor networks have attracted attention from a diverse set of researchers, due to the unique combination of distributed, resource and data processing constraints. However, until now, the lack of real sensor network deployments have resulted in ad-hoc assumptions on a wide range of issues including topology characteristics and data distribution. As deployments of sensor networks become more widespread [1, 2], many of these assumptions need to be revisited.This paper deals with the fundamental issue of spatio-temporal irregularity in sensor networks We make the case for the existence of such irregular spatio-temporal sampling, and show that it impacts many performance issues in sensor networks. For instance, data aggregation schemes provide inaccurate results, compression efficiency is dramatically reduced, data storage skews storage load among nodes and incurs significantly greater routing overhead. To mitigate the impact of irregularity, we outline a spectrum of solutions. For data aggregation and compression, we propose the use of spatial interpolation of data (first suggested by Ganeriwal et al in [3] and temporal signal segmentation followed by alignment. To reduce the cost of data-centric storage and routing, we propose the use of virtualization, and boundary detection.
Preparation, Growth, and Study of Ultrafine Ferrite Particles (1961)

Ultrafine ferrite particles were prepared by a chemical precipitation process below 100°C in an aqueous medium. The resulting materials were grown hydrothermally at moderate temperatures for extended periods of time. Samples were removed at various times during the growing process and their magnetic and physical properties determined. Coercive forces varied from zero to about 800 oe at room temperature for some hydrothermally grown cobalt ferrites. At liquid nitrogen temperature coercive forces to 10 000 oe were measured. Crystallite size measurements were made by x-ray line broadening. An apparatus to measure hysteresis loops in pulsed fields was constructed and used for measuring magnetic properties of samples difficult to saturate, i.e., cobalt ferrite samples at −196°C. Good agreement was obtained between pulsed fields and dc measurements where samples could be measured by both systems.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE (VIP) (1974)

Abstract Das tert.‐Butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)‐geschützte Heptapeptidazid (Sequenz 7‐13) wird mit dem partiell geschützten C‐terminalen Pentadekapeptidamid (Sequenz 14‐28) gekuppelt und das resultierende Dokosapeptidamid nach Abspalten der Boc‐Gruppe mit dem N‐terminalen Boc‐geschützten Hexapeptidazid verknüpft.
Failure of the Wadsworth elbow: Nineteen cases of rheumatoid arthritis followed for 5 years (1989)

Nineteen Wadsworth elbow prostheses were inserted in 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis during the 4 years 1979-1982. The patients were followed prospectively for an average of 5.7 years. Five elbows were revised because of mechanical loosening and one because of deep infection. Of the remaining 13 prostheses, there were radiographic signs of loosening in 8 cases.
IL-17A and the Promotion of Neutrophilia in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2015)

IL-17A is induced during NTHi-associated AECOPD. Functionally, IL-1R1-dependent IL-17A is required for NTHi-exacerbated pulmonary neutrophilia induced by cigarette smoke. Targeting IL-17A in AECOPD may thus be beneficial to reduce neutrophil recruitment to the airways.
Speech enhancement using psychoacoustic criteria (1993)

The technique uses the auditory masking threshold to extract information for the audible noise components. Those components are then removed using adaptive nonlinear spectral modification. The main advantage of such an approach is that the speech signal is not affected by processing. In addition, very little information on the features of the noise is required. The proposed method was found to perform well for SNRs better than 10 dB, while for lower SNRs its performance was superior to that of spectral subtraction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supplementary Table 4 from Concordant Effects of Aromatase Inhibitors on Gene Expression in ER<sup>+</sup> Rat and Human Mammary Cancers and Modulation of the Proteins Coded by These Genes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 138K, Gene Expression Changes Comparing Control Breast Cancers and Letrozole Treated Breast Cancer in Humans (GSE 10281)&lt;/p&gt;
Sequence Relationships Between the Genome and the Intracellular RNA Species 1, 3, 6, and 7 of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Strain A59 (1982)

We have shown by T(1) oligonucleotide fingerprinting that the genome of mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 and its intracellular RNA 1 have identical fingerprints and that RNA 1 and the subgenomic RNAs 3, 6, and 7 contain common sequences. To localize the homologous region between the RNAs, we compared fingerprints of the 3' terminus of the genome with those of RNA 7. The genome was partially degraded with alkali, and polyadenylate-containing fragments were purified by oligodeoxythymidylate-cellulose chromatography. The fragments were size fractionated by agarose-urea gel electrophoresis, and two pools, x and z, containing 3'-derived fragments of the genome with apparent molecular weights of 0.1 x 10(6) to 0.14 x 10(6) and 0.6 x 10(6) to 0.8 x 10(6), respectively, were further analyzed by RNase T(1) oligonucleotide fingerprinting. Comparison of the fingerprints of RNAs 6 and 7 with those of pools x and z showed that these subgenomic RNAs extend inwards from the 3' terminus of the genome. The RNA fragments present in pool z were on average slightly larger than RNA 7 as confirmed by the presence in pool z of T(1) oligonucleotide spots specific for RNA 6 but not present in RNA 7. However, two large oligonucleotide spots derived from RNA 7, which were also present in RNAs 1, 3, and 6 and in the virion RNA, were not found in the T(1) oligonucleotide map of pool z. A possible explanation is that the two spots were derived from a leader sequence. The results of UV transcription mapping experiments (L. Jacobs, W. J. M. Spaan, M. C. Horzinek, and B. A. M. van der Zeijst, J. Virol. 39:401-406, 1981) excluded the possibility that such a leader sequence arises by splicing from a larger precursor molecule, but either a virus-specific RNA primer molecule for the synthesis of mRNAs or an RNA polymerase jumping mechanism could explain the presence of a leader sequence.
[Indoleamine precursors in depression (author's transl)]. (1979)

Tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan have now been extensively investigated in affective disorders. There is now very good evidence that tryptophan increases the antidepressant activity of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. The antidepressant activity of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan has also been the subject of numerous investigations. There is evidence that patients with decreased cerebrospinal fluid concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid respond particularly favourably to this treatment. The therapeutic activity of tryptophan has led to the investigation of the plasma concentration of tryptophan. Free plasma tryptophan, that is tryptophan unbound to plasma protein, appears decreased. There is also evidence that tryptophan and 5-HT transported are abnormal in depression.
Ultrafast all-optical modulation on a silicon chip (2005)

We experimentally demonstrate ultrafast all-optical modulation using a micrometer-sized silicon photonic integrated device. The device transmission is strongly modulated by photoexcited carriers generated by low-energy pump pulses. A p-i-n junction is integrated on the structure to permit control of the generated carrier lifetimes. When the junction is reverse biased, carriers are extracted from the device in a time as short as 50 ps, permitting greater than 5 Gbit/s modulation of optical signals on a silicon chip.
SIMPLE BONE CYSTS TREATED BY PERCUTANEOUS AUTOLOGOUS MARROW GRAFTING (1996)

We prospectively evaluated the percutaneous injection of autogenous bone marrow for the treatment of active simple bone cysts in ten consecutive children with cysts in the proximal humerus, proximal femur or tibia. The treatment included percutaneous biopsy, aspiration of fluid and the injection of autogenous bone marrow aspirated from the iliac crest. All the patients became painfree after a mean of two weeks and resumed full activities within six weeks. All ten cysts consolidated radiologically and showed remarkable remodelling within four months. Review at 12 to 48 months showed satisfactory healing without complications. Percutaneous injection of autologous bone marrow appears to be an effective treatment for active simple bone cysts.