gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical shaper optimization for sputtered optical precision f ilters (2013)

A novel optimization procedure for optical precision sputter coaters with respect to the film homogeneity is demonstrated. For a coater concept based on dual cylindrical sputtering sources and a rotating turn-table as sample-holder, the inherent radial decay of the film thickness must be compensated by shaper elements. For that purpose, a simulation model of the particle flux within such a coater is set up and validated against experimental data. Subsequently, the shaper design is optimized according to the modeled metal flux profile. The resulting film thickness deviations are minimized down to ±0.35%.
Segmented Regression Estimators for Massive Data Sets (2002)

We describe two methodologies for obtaining segmented regression estimators from massive training data sets. The first methodology, called Linear Regression Tree (LRT), is used for continuous response variables, and the second and complementary methodology, called Naive Bayes Tree (NBT), is used for categorical response variables. These are implemented in the IBM ProbE TM (Probabilistic Estimation) data mining engine, which is an object-oriented framework for building classes of segmented predictive models from massive training data sets. Based on this methodology, an application called ATM-SE TM for direct-mail targeted marketing has been developed jointly with Fingerhut Business Intelligence [1]).
Luminescent and Redox-Active Iridium(III)-Cyclometalated Compounds with Terdentate Ligands (1997)

Two novel bis-terdentate Ir(III)-cyclometalated complexes, [Ir(L1)(L1(-))](2+) (1) and [Ir(L1(-))(2)](+) (2), have been prepared (L1 is 2,6-bis(7'-methyl-4'-phenyl-2'-quinolyl)pyridine; L1(-) is its mono-anion, see Figure 1). To the best of our knowledge, 1 and 2 are the first luminescent and redox-active Ir(III)-cyclometalated bis-terdentate compounds. In acetonitrile solution, on oxidation, 2undergoes a reversible, metal-centered, one-electron oxidation at +1.40 V, whereas 1 does not exhibit any oxidation process up to +2.00 V. On reduction, both compounds undergo four reversible ligand-centered one-electron processes. The absorption spectra of the compounds are dominated by moderately intense (epsilon in the 10(3)-10(4) M(-)(1) cm(-)(1) range) spin-allowed metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) bands at wavelengths longer than 350 nm and by intense (epsilon in the 10(4)-10(5) M(-)(1) cm(-)(1) range) ligand-centered (LC) bands at shorter wavelengths. The complexes exhibit an intense luminescence both at 77 K in MeOH/EtOH, 4:1 (v/v), rigid matrix (1, lambda(max) = 592 nm, tau = 20 &mgr;s; 2, lambda(max) = 598 nm, tau = 9 &mgr;s) and at room temperature in deoxygenated acetonitrile solution (1, lambda(max) = 620 nm, tau = 325 ns, Phi = 0.005; 2, lambda(max) = 630 nm, tau = 2.3 &mgr;s, Phi = 0.066). In all cases, the emission is assigned to triplet MLCT levels (namely, Ir --> L1 and Ir --> L1(-) in 1 and 2, respectively).
Backlit Region Detection Using Adaptively Partitioned Block and Fuzzy C-means Clustering for Backlit Image Enhancement (2014)

본 논문은 퍼지 C-평균 분류기와 적응적 블록 분할을 사용한 역광 영역 검출과 공간 적응적 대비 확장을 사용한 역광 영역 개선 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 퍼지 이론에 의해 계산된 최적의 임계값을 기반으로 적응적 가변블록 분할을 사용하여 역광 영상을 어두운 역광 영역과 밝은 배경 영역으로 구분한다. 가변블록에 의한 블록화 현상을 없애기 위해 유도 필터 (guided filter)를 사용하여 역광 영역을 객체 영역에 적합하게 세분화한다. 마지막으로 검출된 역광 영역은 공간 적응적으로 대비가 확장되어 조도를 개선한다. 제안된 방법은 최적의 임계값을 사용하여 영상을 분할하기 때문에 입력 영상에 따라 적응적으로 영역을 분할하고 저조도 영역을 개선하며, 사용자의 별도의 설정이 없이 입력 영상에 따라 자동적 역광 영상 개선이 가능하다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안된 방법이 기존 방법보다 역광 영역에 존재하는 피사체의 정보를 효과적으로 개선할 수 있으며, 복잡한 분할 방법을 사용하지 않고 빠르게 역광 영역을 검출할 수 있음을 보인다.
Reliable communication over non-binary insertion/deletion channels (2012)

We consider the problem of reliable communication over non-binary insertion/deletion channels where symbols are randomly deleted from or inserted in the transmitted sequence and all symbols are corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise. To this end, we utilize the inherent redundancy achievable in non-binary symbol sets by first expanding the symbol set and then allocating part of the bits associated with each symbol to watermark symbols. The watermark sequence, known at the receiver, is then used by a forward-backward algorithm to provide soft information for an outer code which decodes the transmitted sequence. Through numerical results and discussions, we evaluate the performance of the proposed solution and show that it leads to significant system ability to detect and correct insertions/deletions. We also provide estimates of the maximum achievable information rates of the system, compare them with the available bounds, and construct practical codes capable of approaching these limits.
Automation Architecture for Single Operator, Multiple UAV Command and Control, (2007)

Abstract — In light of the Office of the Secretary Defense’s Roadmap for unmanned aircraft systems (UASs), there is a critical need for research examining human interaction with heterogeneous unmanned vehicles. The OSD Roadmap clearly delineates the need to investigate the “appropriate conditions and requirements under which a single pilot would be allowed to control multiple airborne UA [unmanned aircraft] simultaneously”. Towards this end, in this paper, we provide a meta-analysis of research studies across unmanned aerial and ground vehicle domains that investigated single operator control of multiple vehicles. As a result, a hierarchical control model for single operator control of multiple unmanned vehicles (UV) is proposed that demonstrates those requirements that will need to be met for operator cognitive support of multiple UV control, with an emphasis on the introduction of higher levels of autonomy. The challenge in achieving effective management of multiple UV systems in the future is not only to determine if automation can be used to improve human and system performance, but how and to what degree across hierarchical control loops, as well as determining the types of decision support that will be needed by operators given the high workload environment. We address when and how increasing levels of automation should be incorporated in multiple UV systems and discuss the impact on not only human performance, but more importantly, system performance. Index Terms—multiple unmanned aerial vehicles, supervisory control, operator capacity
The Phenanthrenone Approach to Opium Alkaloids: Formal Total Synthesis of Morphine by Sigmatropic Rearrangement (1997)

The synthesis of morphine alkaloids involving sigmatropic rearrangements and novel ring closures of aromatic methyl pentenyl ethers is reported.
Frequency Response Measurement for SAW Devices Based on Fourier Analysis of Impulse Response (1985)

Methode permettant la separation des differentes reponses et la mesure de la reponse en frequence associee a un mode de propagation specifie. La mesure est faite sans traitement numerique et les resultats sont immediatement affiches sur un analyseur de spectre
Inhibition of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice by Viral IL-10 Gene Transfer (1998)

Autoimmune arthritides are characterized by an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Viral IL-10 (vIL-10) shares many of the anti-inflammatory properties of mouse and human IL-10, but lacks their immunostimulatory properties and may therefore offer superior immunosuppression. Viral IL-10 has a short half-life; however, genetic modification of cells in vivo offers a potential means of achieving prolonged therapeutic titers. To determine the effects on collagen-induced arthritis of vIL-10 gene transfer, DBA/1 mice were administered i.v. or intra-articular injections of Av(vIL-10), a replication-deficient adenovirus encoding vIL-10. The i.v. injection of Av(vIL-10) before disease onset delayed the onset and reduced the severity of collagen-induced arthritis, but treatment of established disease was ineffective. The preventative effects were not due to decreased anti-type II collagen Ab production. Rather, T cells from mice treated with Av(vIL-10) demonstrated a decreased in vitro proliferative response to type II collagen, and a delay was observed in up-regulation of synovial mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokines IL-2 and IL-1beta. Intra-articular injection of Av(vIL-10) into knee joints did not reduce arthritis in the knees, but inhibited the development of arthritis in the paws. Humoral and cellular immune responses against Av(vIL-10) were observed. These results demonstrate that vIL-10 can significantly alter the course of autoimmune arthritis and emphasize the complexities of using gene transfer as a method of drug delivery for arthritis.
Neural mechanisms underlying urgent and evaluative behaviors: An fMRI study on the interaction of automatic and controlled processes (2015)

Dual-process theories have dominated the study of risk perception and risk-taking over the last two decades. However, there is a lack of objective brain-level evidence supporting the two systems of processing in every-day risky behavior. To address this issue, we propose the dissociation between evaluative and urgent behaviors as evidence of dual processing in risky driving situations. Our findings show a dissociation of evaluative and urgent behavior both at the behavioral and neural level. fMRI data showed an increase of activation in areas implicated in motor programming, emotional processing, and visuomotor integration in urgent behavior compared to evaluative behavior. These results support a more automatic processing of risk in urgent tasks, relying mainly on heuristics and experiential appraisal. The urgent task, which is characterized by strong time pressure and the possibility for negative consequences among others factors, creates a suitable context for the experiential-affective system to guide the decision-making process. Moreover, we observed greater frontal activation in the urgent task, suggesting the participation of cognitive control in safe behaviors. The findings of this research are relevant for the study of the neural mechanisms underlying dual process models in risky perception and decision-making, especially because of their proximity to everyday activities.
Design of HMI for multipurpose electrocardiography using higher level language (Visual C++) (2009)

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new multipurpose human machine interface (HMI) designed using higher level language. Unlike any other software, wherein if hardware is changed; there is a need to bring subsequent change in the software; this HMI can be used as a general purpose software for ECG analysis with any kind of hardware. The same analyzing system can be used to perform allied other functions. It is used to filter the signal coming from the hardware so as to eradicate any kind of noise present. It not only displays the 12 lead ECG signals on the LCD screen but simultaneously stores it in the memory of the system. Further the ECG analysis system analyzes the stored signal to calculate heart rate, P wave and T wave interval, QRS complex interval, presence of PVCs and other abnormalities, and display the arrhythmia. Finally this software makes use of the GSM module or Internet protocol defined so as to send SMS to medical expert, giving details of the possible arrhythmia and asking for possible remark.
Enzyme replacement in the CSF to treat metachromatic leukodystrophy in mouse model using single intracerebroventricular injection of self-complementary AAV1 vector (2015)

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a functional deficiency in human arylsulfatase A (hASA). We recently reported that ependymal cells and the choroid plexus are selectively transduced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (AAV1) vector and serve as a biological reservoir for the secretion of lysosomal enzymes into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the present study, we examined the feasibility of this AAV-mediated gene therapy to treat MLD model mice. Preliminary experiments showed that the hASA level in the CSF after ICV injection of self-complementary (sc) AAV1 was much higher than in mice injected with single-stranded AAV1 or scAAV9. However, when 18-week-old MLD mice were treated with ICV injection of scAAV1, the concentration of hASA in the CSF gradually decreased and was not detectable at 12 weeks after injection, probably due to the development of anti-hASA antibodies. As a result, the sulfatide levels in brain tissues of treated MLD mice were only slightly reduced compared with those of untreated MLD mice. These results suggest that this approach is potentially promising for treating MLD, but that controlling the immune response appears to be crucial for long-term expression of therapeutic proteins in the CSF.
Tailoring Electronic Structures of Carbon Nanotubes by Solvent with Electron-Donating and -Withdrawing Groups (2008)

Various electron-donating and -withdrawing groups in aromatic and aliphatic backbones of solvent have been introduced to tailor the electronic structures of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). In the case of solvent with a withdrawing group, electrons were extracted mainly from metallic SWCNTs, whereas small charge transfer was also observed in semiconducting SWCNTs. On the other hand, in the case of solvent with a donating group, electrons were donated to both metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs. This effect was less prominent in solvent with an aliphatic backbone than that with an aromatic backbone. The strong correlation between the sheet resistance and electronic structures of nanotubes is further discussed in conjunction with a modulation of Schottky barrier height.
Enhanced magnetoelectric effect in longitudinal-longitudinal mode laminate with cofired interdigitated electrodes (2014)

In this letter, we describe a low-temperature cofiring technique to embed the interdigitated electrodes (IDE) inside the piezoelectric ceramic layer to achieve longitudinally (L) poled magnetoelectric (ME) laminates. The ME voltage coefficient of this L-L mode composite was found to be 4.41 V cm−1 Oe−1 at 1 kHz, which is 340% higher than that of L-T (transversal) mode. IDE based longitudinal poling and piezoelectric response was evaluated by impedance changes and piezoresponse force microscopy, illustrating the effect of inactive/ineffective zone in the range beneath and above the fingers with vanishing fields. At an electric field of 50 V/cm, the composite was found to generate magnetic field on the order of 175 μG at 1 kHz.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Eu-doped Bi2S3 nanoflowers for degradation of organic pollutants under visible light illumination (2015)

Eu-doped Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> nanoflowers possess highly visible light driven photocatalytic activity towards degradation of organic pollutants.
Brain Network Metabolic Changes in Patients with Parkinsonian Tremors (2016)

Functional neuroimaging and modern multivariate analysis techniques have greatly contributed to research into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and new treatments of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). The pathogenesis of PD symptoms, especially akinesia and rigidity, is associated with abnormalities of cortico-striato-pallido-thalamocortical circuits. Although a resting tremor is one of the cardinal features of PD, the pathophysiology underlying this symptom is unclear and is thought to differ from those of akinesia and rigidity. The application of network analyses to metabolic positron emission tomography scans of patients with PD has provided valuable information concerning functional neural connectivity and identified the patterns of covariance that are specific to the motor manifestations and many nonmotor features of the disease, such as cognitive dysfunction. Functional imaging methods have revealed PD-specific brain activation patterns, including a parkinsonian tremor-related network. Network-based algorithms might aid in the clinical diagnosis of patients with PD from early symptoms and provide objective evidence of treatment responses.
Pyrene Quenching in a Fluorescence, Photoacoustic, and Two-Photon Photoionization Cell (1983)

Abstract A nitrogen laser-excited windowless flow cell has been used to examine the effects of various quenching agents (CH3NO2, CC14, and CH3CH2I) on the fluorescence (FL), photoacoustic effect (PA), and two-photon photoionization (2PI) of pyrene in ethanol. The results show that both the lowest excited singlet state (S1) and the lowest triplet (TO) are involved as real intermediate states in the consecutive two-photon photoionization of pyrene.
High Frequency Dielectric Response of the Ionic Liquid N-Methyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium Dicyanamide (2007)

A study of the room-temperature ionic liquid N-methyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy over the frequency range 0.2 GHz = ? = 89 GHz has revealed that, in addition to the already known lower frequency processes, there is a broad featureless dielectric loss at higher frequencies. The latter is probably due to the translational (oscillatory) motions of the dipolar ions of the IL relative to each other, with additional contributions from their fast rotation.
Fatty acid composition of lung, macrophage and surfactant phospholipids after short‐term enteral feeding with n−3 lipids (1994)

Utilization of enteral feeding modalities may prove clinically relevant for rapid modulation of lung phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that serve as substrates for the formation of vasoactive dienoic eicosanoids. We compared the effects of short-term enteral feeding with formulations enriched with either fish (n-3) or corn (n-6) oil PUFA on the fatty acid composition of rat lung, alveolar macrophage and surfactant phospholipids. The diets were infused continuously for 72 h through a surgically placed gastroduodenal feeding catheter by a syringe pump. The n-3 PUFA derived from the fish oil enriched diet were readily incorporated into the phospholipid membranes of the alveolar macrophages, lung tissue and pulmonary surfactant. The relative percentages of the n-3 PUFA were significantly higher and individual and total n-6 PUFA significantly lower in the macrophage, lung and surfactant phospholipids from the n-3-supplemented rats in comparison with those present in the rats infused enterally with the n-6 diet or untreated, chow-fed rats (baseline). In contrast, there was a significant increase in linoleic acid (18:2n-6) without modification of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) in the alveolar macrophages, lung tissue and surfactant from rats enterally receiving the n-6 diet relative to levels measured in the rats at baseline. The results suggest that short-term continuous delivery of n-3-enriched enteral preparations can foster rapid modification of membrane phospholipid PUFA composition of lung tissue, alveolar macrophages and lung surfactant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Proliferation in autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions, expression of HLA-class II antigen and serum immunomodulatory activity in patients with renal insufficiency on chronic dialysis. (1992)

The proliferative and stimulatory capacities in allogeneic and autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions were evaluated in 5 patients affected by renal insufficiency undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. The expression of HLA class II antigens and Interleukin 2 production by PHA-activated T cells were also investigated. Furthermore the immunomodulatory effects of uremic serum and serum fractions on mixed lymphocyte reactions performed with lymphocytes from normal subjects were analyzed. The results show that both responsive and stimulatory capacities in allogeneic and autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions of non-T/T and T/T type are clearly impaired. The expression of HLA class II antigens by PHA-activated T cells was reduced whereas the production of Interleukin 2 was normal. The autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions of normal lymphocytes were inhibited by unfractionated uremic serum and by a wide range of serum fractions with different molecular weights. All the above mentioned immune defects were not corrected by the dialytic treatment. The present study extends previous reports concerning the defective immunocompetence associated with chronic renal insufficiency showing that: a) the autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions of both non-T/T and T/T type are impaired; b) the uremic serum contains several factors inhibiting the autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions of normal lymphocytes; c) the chronic hemodialytic treatment does not correct these defects.
Deposition of Nanostructured Thin Film from Size-Classified Nanoparticles (2003)

Materials comprising nanometer-sized grains (approximately 1_50 nm) exhibit properties dramatically different from those of their homogeneous and uniform counterparts. These properties vary with size, shape, and composition of nanoscale grains. Thus, nanoparticles may be used as building blocks to engineer tailor-made artificial materials with desired properties, such as non-linear optical absorption, tunable light emission, charge-storage behavior, selective catalytic activity, and countless other characteristics. This bottom-up engineering approach requires exquisite control over nanoparticle size, shape, and composition. We describe the design and characterization of an aerosol system conceived for the deposition of size classified nanoparticles whose performance is consistent with these strict demands. A nanoparticle aerosol is generated by laser ablation and sorted according to size using a differential mobility analyzer. Nanoparticles within a chosen window of sizes (e.g., (8.0 plus or minus 0.6) nm) are deposited electrostatically on a surface forming a film of the desired material. The system allows the assembly and engineering of thin films using size-classified nanoparticles as building blocks.
Nitrogenase Activity, Nodule Respiration, and O2 Permeability Following Detopping of Alfalfa and Birdsfoot Trefoil (1992)

Gas exchange measurements and noninvasive leghemoglobin (Lb) spectrophotometry (nodule oximetry) were used to monitor nodule responses to shoot removal in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv Weevlchek) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L. cv Fergus). In each species, total nitrogenase activity, measured as H(2) evolution in Ar:O(2) (80:20), decreased to <50% of the initial rate within 1 hour after detopping, and net CO(2) production decreased to about 65% of the initial value. In a separate experiment in which nodule oximetry was used, nodule O(2) permeability decreased 50% within 5 hours in each species. A similar decrease in the O(2)-saturated respiration rate (V(max)) for the nodule central zone occurred within 5 hours in birdsfoot trefoil, but only after 24 hours in alfalfa. Lb concentration, also measured by oximetry, decreased after 48 to 72 hours. The decrease in permeability preceded the decrease in V(max) in each species. V(max) may depend mainly on carbohydrate availability in the nodule. If so, then the decrease in permeability could not have been triggered by decreasing carbohydrate availability. Both oximetry and gas exchange data were consistent with the hypothesis that, for the cultivars tested, carbohydrate availability decreased more rapidly in birdsfoot trefoil than in alfalfa nodules. Fractional Lb oxygenation (initially about 0.15) decreased during the first 24 hours after detopping but subsequently increased to >0.65 for a majority of nodules of each species. This increase could lead to O(2) inactivation of nitrogenase.