gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new approach for providing quality-of-service in a dynamic network environment (2002)

This paper looks at issues involved in providing quality-of-service (QoS) support in a dynamic environment. We focus on a resource reservation-based approach, which we believe is attractive for military applications but is especially difficult in a dynamic network environment. This is because resources reserved for a particular flow may contract after they have been "committed" to the flow, causing the reservation to be dropped. Our approach is to expand the semantics of the reservation so that instead of being a single value indicating the level of service needed by an application, it becomes a range of service levels in which the application can operate, together with the current reserved value within that range. This provides flexibility so that reservations can be maintained as network conditions change. Rather than being forced to make a binary "admit/fail" decision for each flow, the network provides feedback to applications on the current reservation level. Based on this feedback, applications can adapt their behavior to what the network can support. We have developed a prototype implementation of this concept by extending the Reservation Setup Protocol (RSVP) protocol. We are currently evaluating the implementation in a testbed network where we can vary the link bandwidth. The testbed also includes several adaptive applications (audio, video, data transfer) running over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The paper discusses our approach, testbed, experiences to date, and current plans.
Statistical Modelling of Aerofoil Self-Noise Subjected to Structured Porous Trailing Edges (2022)

Extensive research efforts in the aeroacoustics community have firmly established the benefits of porous trailing edges to achieve low-noise radiation. However, most studies of porous treatment are based on the use of very complex, open-cell structures to manipulate turbulent flow. Although this implementation has been shown to improve the aeroacoustics performance, the exact physical mechanisms that can be drawn from such a geometry are limited due to their complex topology. This study aims to draw from previous works and to develop an optimised experimental method that utilises a 3D-printed array of rectilinear, structured permeable trailing edges on a NACA-0012 aerofoil based on a Box-Behnken experimental design. The essence of the work is to isolate individual porous parameters, and investigate the interdependencies of these parameters on target values such as the overall sound power level, the Strouhal number of the maximum noise reduction and many other characteristics of the far field. Twenty-eight porous trailing edges were produced based on the initial experimental design. Each is unique with the combination of streamwise and spanwise separation distance between the pores, pore size and porous coverage. The experiment was conducted over various angles of attack and Reynolds numbers. The results show that many of these trailing edges can indeed achieve low-noise radiation, and acceptable prediction accuracies are obtained for all the response variables except the total sound power reduction, ΔOAPWL, and the lower Strouhal limit of the noise reduction. This paper will establish the findings, discuss the results and detail the next stage of the experiment for the improvement of the statistical model.
Synthesis and reactions of 2-azido-1,3-di(benzyloxy)imidazolium hexafluoridophosphate (2016)

Abstract 2-Azido-1,3-di(benzyloxy)imidazolium hexafluoridophosphate was obtained from the corresponding 2-bromo compound by reaction with sodium azide. Cycloaddition of the 2-azido compound with norbornene and norbornadiene gave the respective tricyclic aziridine and bicyclic azaoctadiene. Addition of triphenylphosphane yielded the phosphazide which upon heating eliminated dinitrogen to afford the phosphazene. The crystal structures of five compounds were determined by X-ray diffraction.
The Value of Thyroprotein in Starting, Growing and Laying Rations (1948)

IT IS widely recognized that poultrymen suffer an appreciable financial loss during the summer months because of the slump in egg production and the excessive egg breakage common in that season. This breakage is apparently due to the thinner shell produced in warm weather and at the end of the laying year. Two reports have appeared in recent years which suggest (indirectly) that summer slump and thin egg shells may be caused by a lowered metabolism of the hen resulting from a reduced thyroxin output of the thyroid during hot weather. Galpin (1938) has shown a seasonal variation in thyroid gland weight with the low point in July (under the climatic conditions prevailing in Scotland). Winchester (1940) has shown (1) that the thyrotropic hormone content of hen’s pituitary was highest in February and then declined, and (2) a seasonal rhythm of metabolism with the peak occurring in February and the . . .
NITRILASE1 regulates the exit from proliferation, genome stability and plant development (2013)

Nitrilases are highly conserved proteins with catabolic activity but much less understood functions in cell division and apoptosis. To elucidate the biological functions of Arabidopsis NITRILASE1, we characterized its molecular forms, cellular localization and involvement in cell proliferation and plant development. We performed biochemical and mass spectrometry analyses of NITRILASE1 complexes, electron microscopy of nitrilase polymers, imaging of developmental and cellular distribution, silencing and overexpression of nitrilases to study their functions. We found that NITRILASE1 has an intrinsic ability to form filaments. GFP-NITRILASE1 was abundant in proliferating cells, distributed in cytoplasm, in the perinuclear area and associated with microtubules. As cells exited proliferation and entered differentiation, GFP-NITRILASE1 became predominantly nuclear. Nitrilase silencing dose-dependently compromised plant growth, led to loss of tissue organization and sustained proliferation. Cytokinesis was frequently aborted, leading to enlarged polyploid cells. In reverse, independently transformed cell lines overexpressing GFP-NITRILASE1 showed slow growth and increased rate of programmed cell death. Altogether, our data suggest that NITRILASE1 homologues regulate the exit from cell cycle and entry into differentiation and simultaneously are required for cytokinesis. These functions are essential to maintain normal ploidy, genome stability and tissue organization.
Low-Complexity Adaptive Multisine Waveform Design for Wireless Power Transfer (2017)

Channel-adaptive waveforms for wireless power transfer significantly boost the dc power level at the rectifier output. However, the design of those waveforms is computationally complex and does not lend itself easily to practical implementation. We here propose a low-complexity channel-adaptive waveform design whose performance is very close to that of the optimal design. Performance evaluations confirm the advantages of the new design in various rectifier topologies, with gains in dc output power of 100% over conventional waveforms.
Machine Learning Requires Probability and Statistics [Perspectives] (2020)

Machine Learning Requires Probability and Statistics The contemporary practice of machine learning often involves the application of deterministic, computationally intensive algorithms to iteratively minimize a criterion of fit between a discriminant and sample data. There is often little interest in using probability to model the uncertainty in the problem and statistics to characterize the behavior of predictors derived from data, with the emphasis being on computation and coding. It follows that little can be stated about performance on future data, beyond perhaps a simple error count on a given test set. In this article, we argue that the knowledge imparted by deterministic computational methods is not rigorously related to the real world and, in particular, future events. This connection requires rigorous probabilistic modeling and statistical inference as well as an understanding of the proper role of computation and an appreciation of epistemological issues.
Receptor‐specific crosstalk between prostanoid E receptor 3 and bombesin receptor subtype 3 (2018)

Bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) is a GPCR that is expressed in the CNS, peripheral tissues, and tumors. Our understanding of BRS-3's role in physiology and pathophysiology is limited because its natural ligand is unknown. In an attempt to identify this ligand, we screened toad skin ( Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor) extracts and identified prostaglandins as putative ligands. In BRS-3-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells, we found that prostaglandins, with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) being the most potent, fulfill the pharmacologic criteria of affinity, selectivity, and specificity to be considered as agonists to the BRS-3 receptor. However, PGE2 is unable to activate BRS-3 in different cellular environments. We speculated that EP receptors might be the cause of this cellular selectivity, and we found that EP<sub>3</sub> is the receptor primarily responsible for the differential PGE2 effect. Consequently, we reconstituted the HEK environment in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and found that BRS-3 and EP<sub>3</sub> interact to potentiate PGE2 signaling. This potentiating effect is receptor specific, and it occurs only when BRS-3 is paired to EP<sub>3</sub>. Our study represents an example of functional crosstalk between two distantly related GPCRs and may be of clinical importance for BRS-3-targeted therapies.-Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Wu, L., Fan, C., Wang, Z., Zhang, X., Alachkar, A., Liang, X., Civelli, O. Receptor-specific crosstalk between prostanoid E receptor 3 and bombesin receptor subtype 3.
The effects of brexpiprazole and aripiprazole on body weight as monotherapy in patients with schizophrenia and as adjunctive treatment in patients with major depressive disorder (2018)

The aim of this analysis was to explore the effects of brexpiprazole and aripiprazole on body weight when used as monotherapy to treat schizophrenia and as adjunctive treatment to antidepressant treatment (ADT) for major depressive disorder (MDD) in short-term (4/6 weeks) and long-term (≤52 weeks) studies. Body weight data were obtained from the clinical studies of each drug (brexpiprazole and aripiprazole), in schizophrenia and adjunctive treatment of MDD. Data were pooled and analyzed to assess the mean change in body weight and to determine the incidence of a clinically relevant change in body weight from baseline (≥7% increase or decrease, at any time) in each treatment group. The overall weight profiles for brexpiprazole and aripiprazole in the short-term and long-term treatment of schizophrenia, and MDD (adjunctive to ADT), were similar. In short-term schizophrenia studies, the mean weight increase was 1.2 kg for brexpiprazole and 0.6 kg for aripiprazole. In short-term MDD studies (adjunctive to ADT), the mean weight increase was 1.5 kg for brexpiprazole and 1.6 kg for aripiprazole. In the long-term schizophrenia studies, at week 52, the mean weight increase was 2.1 kg for brexpiprazole and 3.0 kg for aripiprazole. In long-term MDD studies (adjunctive to ADT), at week 52, the mean weight increase was 3.2 kg for brexpiprazole and 4.0 kg for aripiprazole. Clinically relevant increases or decreases in body weight were also similar for brexpiprazole and aripiprazole. Overall, in the treatment of schizophrenia, and in adjunctive treatment of MDD, brexpiprazole and aripiprazole have a similar effect on body weight over the course of 1 year.
RNA Polymerase B (II) And General Transcription Factors (1990)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Quantum Information Processing Using Nitrogen‐Vacancy Centres in Diamond (2015)

Recently, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect centres in diamond have attracted significant attention. A NV centre is a joint defect in the carbon lattice of diamond and consists of a substitutional nitrogen atom and an adjacent vacancy. This chapter first introduces the longitudinal electron-spin relaxation because, in principle, its time constant T1 must be longer than the coherence time T2. Measurements of the temperature dependence of T1 revealed that T1 is predominantly determined by a Raman process at room temperature. Below room temperature, it is reported that Orbach-type processes dominate. The dephasing time T2 of the electron spin is measured by two-pulse Hahn echo-decay curves. Engineering surface-proximate NV centres with long spin coherence times is of significant interest because a long T2 enables the detection of weak coupling between single NV centres and other quantum degrees of freedom.
Fracture Resistance Characteristics of a Metal‐Toughened Ceramic (1993)

The fracture characteristics of an Al 2 O 3 /Al composite are examined. Measurements of resistance curves and work of rupture are compared with predictions of a micromechanical model, incorporating the effects of crack bridging by the Al reinforcements. The bridging traction law is assumed to follow linear softening behavior, characterized by a peak stress, σ c , and a critical stretch‐to‐failure, u c . The values of σ c and u c inferred from such comparisons are found to be broadly consistent with independent measurements of stretch‐to‐failure, along with the measured flow characteristics of the Al reinforcement. The importance of large‐scale bridging on the fracture resistance behavior of this class of composite is also demonstrated through both the experiments and the simulations.
Convergence of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence to Decentralize Healthcare Systems (2020)

Owing to enlarged digital data obtainability and artificial intelligence (AI) progressions, there are quite a few occasions that can be reconnoitered in healthcare. Deep learning (DL) and inductive transfer practices are turning healthcare data- such as phantasmagorias and videotapes-into powerful data sources for predictive analytics. At the present time, patients fail to have entree to his/her individual medicinal records and hang around ignorant of data importance or prominence. This paper directs to offer a gestalt of AI and blockchain and exhibit a roadmap for a blockchain-assisted decentralized bionetwork of private healthcare data to expediate new methodologies to drug discovery and precautionary healthcare. A protected and crystal-clear disseminated marketplace of personal data by means of blockchain and DL technology will circumvent challenges faced by authorities of a given healthcare system and restore custody all across private records that includes medicinal documents back to humans. It also proposes a novel type of utility cryptotoken named LifeCoin, which can be produced through the stationing of data on the blockchain-assisted open market to streamline transactions and expedite inventive reward schemes.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Topotecan into a PDGF-Driven Model of Glioblastoma Prolongs Survival and Ablates Both Tumor-Initiating Cells and Recruited Glial Progenitors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 6 from Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Topotecan into a PDGF-Driven Model of Glioblastoma Prolongs Survival and Ablates Both Tumor-Initiating Cells and Recruited Glial Progenitors
HISTONE POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS DETERMINED BY HIGH-PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY (2005)

The nucleosome is the basic structural unit of eukariotic chromosomes and consists of a DNA molecule associated with a histone octamer comprised of pairs of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. The nucleosomes are joined by linker DNA and histone1 to form chromatin. Histones play an important role in transcription, DNA replication, DNA repair and recombination. Post-translational modification of specific residues in the core histones (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, etc.) has been demonstrated to be critical to their regulatory function. In particular acetylation is a very specific phenomenon with various isoforms playing distinct roles. Increased acetylation is generally correlated with transcriptionally active or poised genes. Histone deacetylases’ inhibitors (short chain fatty acids, such as sodium butyrate, hydroxamic acids such as thrichostatin A) have been described as potential cancer therapeutics in a variety of preclinical studies. Inhibitors’ treatment of cells resulted in the increase of highly acetylated isoforms of the histones, which affect gene expression, cell differentiation and apoptosis. &#13;\nIt is here described the application of reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography under gradient conditions and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyse global modification levels of core histones.
Assessment of Hepatic Motion Secondary to Respiration for Computer Assisted Interventions (2002)

This article reviews the published efforts to characterize hepatic motion secondary to respiration, with the specific goal of defining the limitations and potential applications of image-guided systems in percutaneous liver interventions (computer assisted interventions). Hepatic motion and deformation due to respiration remain obstacles to applying stereotactic localization techniques to the liver. Respiratory-associated hepatic motion is complex. Nine studies using diagnostic imaging or modeling are reviewed, and their findings are tabulated herein. The significant variations in their findings are discussed, including cranio-caudal translation, anterior-posterior and lateral translation, movement secondary to tissue deformation, and motion with respect to surrounding tissue. Techniques for correcting for hepatic respiratory motion are then described, including gating techniques, modeling approaches, real-time liver tracking, and magnetic tracking technology.
Does Impulse Noise Induce Vestibular Disturbances? (1989)

The effect of impulse noise on postural stability was evaluated in 54 subjects from the Finnish army, who were suffering from acute hearing loss caused by exposure to firearms noise. For referents we used 20 non-exposed army recruits and 39 civilian volunteers. The effects of vision, pressoreceptor function and proprioception were stepwise excluded or altered, leaving mainly the vestibular guidance of postural control intact. Since the postural perturbation was fairly smooth during these instances we assume that the condition evaluates mainly the function of the otolith organs in guiding stance. We found no difference in any of the test conditions used, between normal controls, army controls and impulse noise exposed subjects. Furthermore, there was no dose response with body sway and severity of hearing loss. The results indicate that impulse noise may not be the cause of significant functional changes in the vestibular system that can account for noise-induced postural instability.
An adaptive model for reconfigurable autonomous services using profiling (2006)

The importance of mobile services in our everyday life is growing while at the same time new interoperability issues arise due to hardware and software heterogeneity. Therefore, new architectural paradigms and models are needed to enhance software engineering methodologies with regard to platform independence and interoperability. This paper describes an UML pattern based approach for developing reconfigurable autonomous mobile services. Through the analysis of an mcommerce project, the relevance of our proposed architecture will be explained. Our focus lays on a generic reconfiguration mechanism based on profile matching from software modules. This profiling part will be further described and discussed. Finally, the applicability of our approach is investigated within a project about reconfigurable indoor navigation computers and a project about robot assisted sensor networks.
Equilibrium constants for ionisation and enolisation of 2-phenylacetylfuran (1994)

The equilibrium constant for keto–enol tautomerism of 2-phenylacetyIfuran KE=[enol]/[ketone] has been measured as 1.32 × 10–6(pKE= 5.88) by combining rate constants for enolisation and ketonisation. Rates of enolisation were measured by iodination and of ketonisation by quenching the enolate anion into acidic buffers and monitoring relaxation of the initially formed enol to its keto tautomer by stopped-flow. The pKa for ionisation of 2-phenylacetyl furan was measured spectrophotometrically as 14.38. Combining this with pKE gives pKaEH= 8.5 for the enol tautomer. Comparison with deoxybenzoin (pKE= 5.15, pKaEH= 9.6) shows a mild influence of the oxygen of the furan ring (a) in enhancing the acidity of the enol and (b) in stabilising the keto relative to enol tautomer. Phenylacetylfuran shows a high pH-independent rate for the tautomerisation reaction which prevents observation of metal-ion catalysis. A Brønsted exponent α= 0.35 has been measured and is compared with values for related substrates with pKas in the range 18 to –11. Values of pKa and pKT for acetylfuran are estimated.
Rhomboid distorts lipids to break the viscosity-imposed speed limit of membrane diffusion (2019)

Enzymes that cut proteins inside membranes regulate diverse cellular events, including cell signaling, homeostasis, and host-pathogen interactions. Adaptations that enable catalysis in this exceptional environment are poorly understood. We visualized single molecules of multiple rhomboid intramembrane proteases and unrelated proteins in living cells (human and <i>Drosophila</i>) and planar lipid bilayers. Notably, only rhomboid proteins were able to diffuse above the Saffman-Delbrück viscosity limit of the membrane. Hydrophobic mismatch with the irregularly shaped rhomboid fold distorted surrounding lipids and propelled rhomboid diffusion. The rate of substrate processing in living cells scaled with rhomboid diffusivity. Thus, intramembrane proteolysis is naturally diffusion-limited, but cells mitigate this constraint by using the rhomboid fold to overcome the "speed limit" of membrane diffusion.
Geostatistical integration of near‐surface geophysical data (2006)

ABSTRACT Accurate statics calculation and near‐surface related noise removal require a detailed knowledge of the near‐surface velocity field. Conventional seismic surveys currently are not designed to provide this information, and 3D high‐resolution reflection/refraction acquisition is not feasible for large survey areas. Satellite images and vibrator plate attributes are dense low‐cost data, which can be used in spatially extrapolating velocities from sparse uphole data by geostatistics. We tested this approach in two different areas of Saudi Arabia and found that the optimal recipe depends on the local geology.