gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Performance of Organizational Structures (1988)

We develop models for comparing the performance of coordination structures that appear in a wide variety of systems, including human organizations and computer systems. First, we define four generic structures: product hierarchies, functional hierarchies, centralized markets, and decentralized markets. Then, drawing primarily on queueing models, we rank these structures in terms of three performance measures: production costs, coordination costs, and vulnerability costs. The models show how changes in the values of these performance measures affect the desirabilities of the different structures. Then, we show how these simple relationships between performance measures and the desirabilities of structures are consistent with a surprising range of phenomena, including; (1) major historical shifts in the dominant organizational forms used by American businesses, and (2) the evolution of computing system architectures. Finally, we use the models to suggest the possible future evolution of both human and computer systems.
Double solenoid ELF magnetic field exposure system for in-vitro studies (2011)

Concerning in-vitro biological studies, it is necessary that a well-characterized exposure system is used particularly to validate and replicate key findings. Therefore, we improved and characterized an ELF magnetic field exposure system with high dynamic exposure range (μT-mT) and reduced stray magnetic fields for a 50/60Hz sinusoidal signal. The basic design is based on a double solenoid setup. The outer solenoid is used for the reduction of the stray B-flux densities. The system itself is modular to adapt to different biological experiments. To be able to apply a high dynamic exposure range a controlled air cooling system is added. The exposure system is using a control algorithm and associated Graphical User Interface. Temperature is measured and controlled inside the exposure area. The exposure characteristics along with temperature variation are monitored and recorded during the experiments. In conclusion, the ELF exposure system is well suited to conduct a wide range of real and sham ELF magnetic field cell-exposure studies.
Nursing education in Europe - the use of self-reported competence among nurse students : A research project within the European Network of Nursing Academies (ENNA) (2019)

Nursing education in Europe - the use of self-reported competence among nurse students : A research project within the European Network of Nursing Academies (ENNA)
Epidural puncture can be confirmed by the Queckenstedt‐test procedure in patients with cervical spinal canal stenosis (2007)

An increase in epidural pressure during bilateral compression of the internal jugular veins could offer a reliable method for confirming epidural puncture in combination with the loss-of-resistance test, even if patients have potential spinal canal narrowing.
FLUORESCENCE STUDIES OF THE BACTERIAL PROTEASE E‐30‐III (1973)

The fluorescence emission of the bacterial protease E‐30‐III, irradiated with 290 nm light, is exclusively due to the tryptophyl residues, which appear to be located in a rather polar environment. One indole side chain, which is fully exposed to the aqueous solvent, gives a minor contribution to the overall emission of the protein. On the other hand, the two strongly emitting indole systems appear to be contained in internal regions having a relatively high dielectric constant; fluorescence quenching studies demonstrate that the efficiency of the fluorescence emission by the two residues is about the same. In particular, one tryptophyl side chain must be spatially adjacent to a glutamyl or aspartyl residue. Exposure of the protein to 280 nm and 290 nm radiation reveals the occurrence of an efficient energy transfer from tyrosinie to tryptophan in the neutral pH region and from tryptophanie to tyrosinate in alkaline solutions; the latter process parallels the ionization of the phenolic side chains, as determined by spectrophotometric titrations. In acid solutions, the electronic energy transfer among aromatic residues is greatly diminished, and clearly resolved emission spectra from the tyrosyl and tryptophyl residues are observed.
Azide‐based Cross‐Linking of Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs) for Condensable Gas Separation (2011)

Cross-linked polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM)s for gas separation membranes, were prepared by a nitrene reaction from a representative PIM in the presence of two different diazide cross-linkers. The reaction temperature was optimized using TGA. The homogenous membranes were cast from THF solutions of different ratios of PIM to azides. The resulting cross-linked structures of the PIMs membranes were formed at 175 °C after 7.5 h and confirmed by TGA, XPS, FT-IR spectroscopy and gel content analysis. These resulting cross-linked polymeric membranes showed excellent gas separation performance and can be used for O(2) /N(2) and CO(2) /N(2) gas pairs, as well as for condensable gases, such as CO(2) /CH(4) , propylene/propane separation. Most importantly, and differently from typical gas separation membranes derived from glassy polymers, the crosslinked PIMs showed no obvious CO(2) plasticization up to 20 atm pressure of pure CO(2) and CO(2) /CH(4) mixtures.
Apigenin-induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cell lines (2008)

Objective: Apigenin is a widely distributed plant flavonoid and was proposed as a potent antitumor agent. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of apigenin on human cervical cancer cell lines. For this, the effects of apigenin on growth inhibition and apoptosis were examined and also mRNA expression of E6 and E7, the main causes of development of cervical cancer, was also evaluated. Methods: To observe the anti-proliferative effects, cervical cancer cell lines, 5×103 cells/well (96 well plate) of Caski, HeLa and C33A were plated and 24 h later treated with apigenin for three days and then MTT assay was performed. For apoptosis analysis, Annexin V-FITC staining was performed. To examine the effect on anchorage-independent growth by apigenin, soft agar assay was performed. The mRNA expression of HPV E6/E7 was examined by quantitative RT-PCR. Results: Apigenin inhibited the growth of all three kind of cervical cancer cell lines (CaSki, HeLa, and C33A) and induced apoptosis in these cell lines. Also, anchorage-independent growth of Caski cells in soft agar was inhibited approximately 3 folds by apigenin treatment. Unexpectedly, mRNA expression level of both E6 and E7 in HeLa cells was not significantly affected by apigenin. Conclusion: These studies showed that apigenin inhibits cervical cancer cell growth through the induction of apoptosis. However, mRNA expression of HPV E6/E7 genes was not affected by the treatment of apigenin, indicating that the anti-cancer effect of apigenin in cervical cancer might be mediated via other pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that apigenin may provide a new therapeutic approach for cervical cancer.
A scalable method for multiagent constraint optimization (2005)

We present in this paper a new complete method for distributed constraint optimization. This is a utility-propagation method, inspired by the sum-product algorithm (Kschischang et al 2001). The original algorithm requires fixed message sizes, linear memory and linear time in the size of the problem. However, it is correct only for tree-shaped constraint networks. In this paper, we show how to extend that algorithm to arbitrary topologies using a pseudotree arrangement of the problem graph. We compare our algorithm with "standard" backtracking algorithms, and present experimental results. For some problem types we report orders of magnitude less messages, and even the ability to deal with arbitrary large problems. Our algorithm is formulated for optimization problems, but can be easily applied to satisfaction problems as well.
Insulin blunts sympathetic vasoconstriction through the alpha 2-adrenergic pathway in humans. (1994)

We investigated the mechanisms underlying the insulin-induced attenuation of sympathetic forearm vasoconstriction in healthy humans. In 5 subjects, we applied 20 mm Hg lower body negative pressure for 30 minutes in control conditions and during a 60-minute infusion of insulin (0.05 mU/kg per minute) in the brachial artery and measured forearm norepinephrine kinetics and hemodynamics. In 11 subjects, we applied graded lower body negative pressure at 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm Hg for 5 minutes each in control conditions and during the simultaneous intrabrachial administration of insulin (0.05 mU/kg per minute) (5 subjects) or insulin plus ouabain (3.5 micrograms/min per liter) (6 subjects) to investigate whether insulin acts through a potentiation of the vascular smooth muscle Na+,K(+)-ATPase. To assess a possible effect of insulin on a specific adrenergic receptor pathway, in a further study group we evaluated (1) the forearm vascular response to intrabrachial infusion of the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine (0.5, 1, and 2 micrograms/kg per minute; n = 7) and of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist BHT-933 (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 micrograms/kg per minute; n = 9), and (2) the effects of intra-arterial infusion of prazosin (0.5 microgram/100 mL per minute) alone or combined with insulin on the forearm vascular response to graded lower body negative pressure (7 subjects). Insulin blunted the peak increase in forearm vascular resistance (from 13 +/- 2 to 6 +/- 2 U, P < .05) but not the rise in forearm norepinephrine spillover induced by 20 mm Hg lower body negative pressure (from 8.3 +/- 1.8 to 11.1 +/- 3.5 pmol/min per liter, P = NS). Ouabain administration did not prevent the insulin-induced attenuation of the forearm vasoconstrictive response to graded lower body negative pressure. Insulin infusion in the brachial artery did not modify the forearm vasoconstriction induced by intra-arterial infusion of phenylephrine but significantly reduced the increase in forearm vascular resistance induced by BHT-933 (F = 6.111, P < .001). Finally, intra-arterial infusion of prazosin significantly attenuated the forearm vasoconstriction induced by graded lower body negative pressure. The residual vasoconstrictive response was abolished by insulin infusion. Taken together, these findings suggest that insulin interacts with the sympathetic nervous system at the vascular level predominantly through the alpha 2-adrenergic vasoconstrictive pathway.
The relationship between CAG repeat length and clinical progression in Huntington's disease (2008)

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between CAG repeat length (CAGn) and clinical progression in patients with Huntington's disease (HD). There are conflicting reports about the relationship between CAGn and clinical progression of HD. We conducted an analysis of data from the Coenzyme Q10 and Remacemide Evaluation in Huntington's Disease (CARE-HD) clinical trial. We modeled progression over 30 months on the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) and supplemental neuropsychological and behavioral tests using multiple linear regression. Mean subject age was 47.9 +/- 10.5 years and mean CAGn was 45.0 +/- 4.1. Multiple linear regression revealed statistically significant associations between CAGn and worsening on several motor, cognitive, and functional outcomes, but not behavioral outcomes. Many effects were clinically important; 10 additional CAG repeats were associated with an 81% increase in progression on the Independence Scale. These associations were not observed in the absence of age adjustment. Age at the time of assessment confounds the association between CAGn and progression. Adjusting for age shows that longer CAGn is associated with greater clinical progression of HD. This finding may account for the variable results from previous studies examining CAGn and progression. Adjusting for CAGn may be important for clinical trials.
Yb-doped large-pitch fibres: effective single-mode operation based on higher-order mode delocalisation (2012)

Rare earth-doped fibres are a diode-pumped, solid-state laser architecture that is highly scalable in average power. The performance of pulsed fibre laser systems is restricted due to nonlinear effects. Hence, fibre designs that allow for very large mode areas at high average powers with diffraction-limited beam quality are of enormous interest. Ytterbium-doped, rod-type, large-pitch fibres (LPF) enable extreme fibre dimensions, i.e., effective single-mode fibres with mode sizes exceeding 100 times the wavelength of the guided radiation, by exploiting the novel concept of delocalisation of higher-order transverse modes. The non-resonant nature of the operating principle makes LPF suitable for high power extraction. This design allows for an unparalleled level of performance in pulsed fibre lasers.
Genotype by environment interaction for 450-day weight of Nelore cattle analyzed by reaction norm models (2009)

Genotype by environment interactions (GEI) have attracted increasing attention in tropical breeding programs because of the variety of production systems involved. In this work, we assessed GEI in 450-day adjusted weight (W450) Nelore cattle from 366 Brazilian herds by comparing traditional univariate single-environment model analysis (UM) and random regression first order reaction norm models for six environmental variables: standard deviations of herd-year (RRMw) and herd-year-season-management (RRMw-m) groups for mean W450, standard deviations of herd-year (RRMg) and herd-year-season-management (RRMg-m) groups adjusted for 365-450 days weight gain (G450) averages, and two iterative algorithms using herd-year-season-management group solution estimates from a first RRMw-m and RRMg-m analysis (RRMITw-m and RRMITg-m, respectively). The RRM results showed similar tendencies in the variance components and heritability estimates along environmental gradient. Some of the variation among RRM estimates may have been related to the precision of the predictor and to correlations between environmental variables and the likely components of the weight trait. GEI, which was assessed by estimating the genetic correlation surfaces, had values < 0.5 between extreme environments in all models. Regression analyses showed that the correlation between the expected progeny differences for UM and the corresponding differences estimated by RRM was higher in intermediate and favorable environments than in unfavorable environments (p < 0.0001).
Luminescence and Site Symmetry Studies of New Red Phosphors (Ca, Ba) 3 (VO 4 ) 2 :Eu 3+ Under Blue Excitation (2009)

In this paper, the (Ca, Ba) 3 (VO 4 ) 2 :Eu 3+ red phosphors were prepared by the solid‐state reaction method for the first time, and the preferable sintered condition was obtained at 1050°C for 6 h. To improve the luminescence intensity of Ca 2.82 (VO 4 ) 2 :0.12Eu 3+ , an attempt was made to replace Ca 2+ by Ba 2+ . It was found that the substitution of 6.7%–9.9% Ba 2+ ions instead of the Ca 2+ ions enhanced the emission intensity under 465 nm excitation. According to the changes of the lattice constants, this enhancement can originate from the lower site symmetry of the Eu 3+ ion in the center with noninversion symmetry. And we observed the optimum value of the Ba 2+ content ( y ) was at 9.9 mol% in (Ca 1− y Ba y ) 2.82 (VO 4 ) 2 :0.12Eu 3+ . Compared with commercial oxysulfide and sulfide red phosphors suitable for blue excitation, our synthesized phosphor (Ca, Ba) 3 (VO 4 ) 2 :Eu 3+ has the advantages of no chemical instability or sulfur pollution. In addition, the emission peak at 614 nm and the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) chromaticity points of (0.644, 0.355) for the (Ca 0.901 Ba 0.099 ) 2.82 (VO 4 ) 2 :0.12Eu 3+ phosphor indicate this phosphor can be used as a potential candidate for the phosphor‐converted white light emitting diode with a blue chip (450–470 nm).
Optimized synthesis of sum-of-products (2004)

In our latest approach to datapath synthesis from RTL, datapaths are extracted into largest possible sum-of-product (SOP) blocks, thus making extensive use of carry-save intermediate results and reducing the number of expensive carry-propagations to a minimum. The sum-of-product blocks are then implemented by constraint- and technology-driven generation of partial products, carry-save adder tree and carry-propagate adder. A smart generation feature selects the best among alternative implementation variants. Special datapath library cells are used where available and beneficial. All these measures translate into better performing circuits for simple and complex datapaths in cell-based design.
Deinterlacing by successive approximation (1997)

We propose an algorithm for deinterlacing of interlaced video sequences. It successively builds approximations to the deinterlaced sequence by weighting various interpolation methods. A particular example given here uses four interpolation methods, weighted according to the errors each one introduces. Due to weighting, it is an adaptive algorithm. It is also time-recursive, since the motion-compensated part uses the previously interpolated frame. Furthermore, bidirectional motion estimation and compensation allow for better performance in the case of scene changes and covering/uncovering of objects. Experiments are run both on "real-world" and computer generated sequences. Finally, subjective testing is performed to evaluate the quality of the algorithm.
Characterization of Tm Concentration Dependence of Dosimetric Properties of NaMgF3 (2022)

We synthesized Tm-doped NaMgF 3 crystals and investigated their scintillation, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), and thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) properties. All the crystals showed multiplex luminescence peaks. Judging from the emission wavelength and scintillation decay time constants, Tm 3+ acts as a luminescence center in NaMgF 3 crystals. The 0.3% Tm-doped crystal showed the highest scintillation, OSL, and TSL intensities. The 0.3% Tm-doped crystal showed a linear relationship from 0.01 to 100 mGy for its TSL dose response function. This lower detection limit is comparable to that of some commercial products. In addition, we succeeded in 2D X-ray imaging using the TSL of the crystal.
An Interactive Drilling Dynamics Simulator for Drilling Optimization and Training (1998)

Abstract The dynamic behavior of the drill bit is a critical factor in drilling efficiency. It affects ROP, hole conditions and the frequency of bit trips. Improved understanding of this behavior can result is significant improvements in all of these areas. For this reason an interactive PC-based simulator has been developed. This system simulates the dynamic behavior of the drill bit for various drilling conditions. These conditions are defined by numerous downhole and surface factors, such as hook load, RPM, mud properties and flow rate, BHA configuration, drill bit design, borehole parameters, and formation properties. This system allows for accurate simulation of the major drilling dynamic dysfunctions, such as bit bounce, lateral vibrations, BHA / bit whirl, torque shocks, stick-slip and torsional oscillation. The system was developed using field test results and both theoretical and practical knowledge about dynamic behavior of the drillstring, BHA and drill bit under certain drilling conditions. The so-called "System Identification" approach has been used as a basic tool for creating the simulator's internal model. The downhole dynamic and static measurements required for developing such a model were recorded at a high sampling rate during the field test of a prototype of an MWD downhole dynamics tool. The simulator has certain self-learning capabilities and its "smartness" depends upon the amount of data used for developing and training the model. The simulator could be used as a key element in a closed loop drilling system which would allow the driller to be more reactive to any undesirable change in downhole dynamic conditions. By using the simulator "on-line", one could play different scenarios (i.e., drilling ahead based on the existing or anticipated drilling conditions). This could improve the selection of drilling parameters from the surface prior to event occurrence. Therefore, ROP could be optimized while reducing the severity of downhole dynamic dysfunctions. The simulator could also be efficiently used as a training tool for MWD operators and drilling personnel. P. 639
High preprocedural non-HDL cholesterol is associated with enhanced oxidative stress and monocyte activation after coronary angioplasty: possible implications in restenosis (2003)

This study provides evidence for the critical role of cholesterol dependent oxidant stress in the pathophysiology of restenosis after PTCA. The findings raise the possibility that drugs capable of modulating oxidant status might provide a novel form of adjuvant treatment in patients with hypercholesterolaemia undergoing PTCA.
A LOW COST SIMULTANEOUS VOICE AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS LINK FOR LOCAL AREA NETWORKS ON A 4 WIRE SYSTEM (1994)

This paper provides details concerning the design of an integrated voice and data communications link for a Local Area Network that must utilize residential type 2 pair telephone wiring as its transmission medium. The communications link can provide a worst case total data rate of 80 K bps (full duplex), 80 K analog samples of audio signals total (full duplex), as well as power and ground for remote terminals. In a system design that utilizes the communications link discussed here, the above total values of data and audio information flow can be divided by the number of terminals anticipated in the system in any ratio desired. The intent of the design of the communications link is to provide what is believed to be the most cost effective means of implementing an intelligent network of consumer based products in a residential or small business type of environment. In this document, the original technical problem is discussed along with details concerning the development of the solution presented here. The system design example that is presented is only provided as an aid to understanding how the communications link can be applied and is not the focus of the central concept. In that example, the system is comprised of 8 remote terminals and one central control terminal — all of which are voice and data devices. Therefore, the available continuous data rate per terminal is 10 K bps with 5 Khz full duplex audio.
Comparison of Reactivity and Enantioselectivity between Chiral Bimetallic Catalysts: Bismuth–Rhodium- and Dirhodium-Catalyzed Carbene Chemistry (2018)

This paper describes the influence of replacement of one of the rhodium atoms by bismuth in a chiral dirhodium tetracarboxylate catalyst on asymmetric induction in the cyclopropanation and C–H functionalization chemistry of trichloroethyl aryldiazoacetates. The chiral ligand used in this study is S-tert-butylsulphonylprolinate (S-TBSP), which was used in the first highly enantioselective dirhodium tetracarboxylate catalyst. Even though the replacement of a Rh atom with a Bi atom has changed the electronic properties of the system, the RhBi complexes have several similarities to the corresponding Rh2 catalysts, with regard to their reactions with donor/acceptor carbenes. The asymmetric induction with RhBi(S-TBSP)4 is very similar to that achieved with Rh2(S-TBSP)4. The major differences between the two systems are the rates of reactions with the Rh2 complexes reacting much faster, and the scope of the C–H functionalization with Rh2 complexes capable of catalyzing reactions with a much wider range of substrates. An unexpected structural feature of the RhBi(S-TBSP)4 catalyst is the arrangement of the arylsulfonyl groups in the periphery of the catalyst, leading to a C4 symmetric structure.