gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medical images contrast and detail enhancement using a multiscale morphological approach (2020)

Medical images are used to analyze and diagnose diseases. The analysis of these diseases requires images with high contrast and detail, because they contain important information about the disease. Capture methods are improving every day, but sometimes the quality of medical images is not adequate to make a good medical diagnosis. Some common problems are ambient noise, poor lighting conditions, or technical limitations of the devices generating low quality medical images. For these cases, contrast enhancement techniques, which enhance the visual quality of the images, are generally useful. However, there is still room for improvement. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to improve the contrast and detail of medical images. This proposal is based on a multiscale morphological approach that uses two structuring elements in the top-hat transform. The simulations were performed with medical images taken from public repositories. The experimental results show that the proposal enhances local contrast and improves the details of the medical images.
The Antimicrobial Specificity of Tryptanthrin (1979)

Representative groups of microorganisms were assayed for sensitivity to tryptanthrin in agar media. It was demonstrated that tryptanthrin is a highly specific antimicrobial agent against dermatophytes which are causative of athlete's foot.
Simulation of Spectral Movement of Vowels using Acoustical Tube (2009)

A vocal tract can be described using the serially connected electrical circuits of T-type. Its frequency response was obtained by two ways: simulation of the signal and later calculation of the spectrum, and calculation of frequency response of serially connected two-ports. In the first case, a mathematical model of the acoustic tube was built using a state variable approach, where the state variables are capacitor voltages (equivalent to sound pressure) and the inductance currents (equivalent to air volume speed). An obtained system of linear differential equations was integrated by indirect method. In the second case, two-ports “a” parameters were used to obtain all system frequency response. During vowel pronunciation the areas of the vocal tract cross-section are obtaining changes over time. In both methods formant trajectories were extracted from the vocal tract frequency response. The results of both methods were compared. The trajectories of formants are more stable, when they are obtained using a second approach. Ill. 7, bibl. 8, tabl. 1 (in English; abstracts in English, Russian and Lithuanian).
MSnet: Multi-Head Self-Attention Network for Distantly Supervised Relation Extraction (2019)

Distant supervision for relation extraction is a task of recognizing semantic relations between entities in a large amount of plain text weakly supervised by external knowledge bases, which can benefit many NLP applications, such as knowledge graph completion and question answering. While it significantly alleviates the expensive cost for data labeling, it severely suffers from noisy labels. In this paper, we propose a Multi-head Self-attention Network (MSNet)-based label denoising method for relation extraction. More specifically, we encode the words, entities and their positions information into contextual embeddings via a multi-head self-attention mechanism, then extract the discriminative sentence features with max pooling operation. MSNet can capture the inherent structure of a sentence and model the relatedness between two words without regard to their distance. Moreover, we adopt a novel label confidence learning method to correct the noisy labels. A latent label is predicted step by step during training as the ground-truth according to a curriculum function of label confidence. This label denoising mechanism gradually incorporates the obtained latent label of easy relation patterns into later latent label prediction of hard patterns, which makes latent label consistent learning more reliable. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed method, in addition to the widely used PCNN-based architecture, we also perform the experiment on BiLSTM model as a comparison. The results demonstrate that our approach can outperform the state-of-the-art systems on the popular evaluation dataset.
Massive access in the Random Access Channel of LTE for M2M communications: An energy perspective (2015)

The capacity limits of the Random Access Channel (RACH) of Long Term Evolution (LTE) for highly dense Machine-to-Machine communications are studied in this paper. We consider the case study when a high number of devices attempt to transmit information to the same base station in a very short period of time. Simulations have been performed considering several parameter configurations related to the random access procedure of LTE. The energy consumption is used as a primordial metric to compare any improvement regarding the random access procedure in future releases, in order to evaluate the impact on the battery lifetime of autonomous devices.
Short Queue Behavior and Rate Based Marking (2004)

Abstract — Differential equation models for Internet congestion control algorithms have been widely used to understand network dynamics and the design of router algorithms. These models use a fluid approximation for user data traffic, and describe the dynamics of the router queue and user adaptation through coupled differential equations. In this paper, we show that the randomness due to short and unresponsive flows in the Internet is sufficient to decouple the dynamics of the router queues from those of the end controllers. We show that this implies that a time-scale decomposition naturally occurs such that the dynamics of the router manifest only through their statistical steady-state behavior. The interaction between the routers and flows occur through marking, where routers indicate congestion by appropriately marking packets during congestion. In this paper, we show that the time-scale decomposition implies that a queue-length based marking function such as Random Early Detection (RED) or Random Exponential Marking (REM) have an equivalent form which depend only on the data arrival rate from the end-systems and do not depend on the queue dynamics. This leads to much simpler dynamics of the differential equation models (there is no queueing dynamics to consider), which enables easier simulation (the state space is reduced) and analysis. We finally validate our analysis through simulation.
The effect of recombinant GM-CSF and G-CSF on the bone marrow cells of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (1992)

Colony stimulating factors (CSFs) are glycoprotein hormones that regulate growth and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Their use to stimulate granulocyte precursors during periods of neutropenia in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is limited by their concomitant stimulation of the proliferation of myeloblasts. The effects of these agents on leukemic lymphoblasts is not entirely known. We have investigated the in vitro effects of granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) and granulocyte/macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) on leukemic cells from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). DNA synthesis of bone marrow cells from 22 children with ALL, either at diagnosis or in relapse, was examined with and without CSFs. Proliferative potential was also tested in a clonogenic assay with 13 bone marrow specimens. These factors did not stimulate the growth of ALL cells in either assay. Our results indicate that G-CSF and GM-CSF should be able to stimulate granulocyte proliferation without enhancing leukemic proliferation during periods of neutropenia in children with ALL.
ALASKA OFFERS INTERNET CHECK-IN (1999)

ALLOWING PASSENGERS TO ANSWER SECURITY QUESTIONS AND RECEIVE BOARDING PASS ON INTERNET BUT REQUIRING PHOTO ID BEFORE BOARDING.
Magnetoelastic Sensor Optimization for Improving Mass Monitoring (2022)

Magnetoelastic sensors, typically made of magnetostrictive and magnetically-soft materials, can be fabricated from commercially available materials into a variety of shapes and sizes for their intended applications. Since these sensors are wirelessly interrogated via magnetic fields, they are good candidates for use in both research and industry, where detection of environmental parameters in closed and controlled systems is necessary. Common applications for these sensors include the investigation of physical, chemical, and biological parameters based on changes in mass loading at the sensor surface which affect the sensor's behavior at resonance. To improve the performance of these sensors, optimization of sensor geometry, size, and detection conditions are critical to increasing their mass sensitivity and detectible range. This work focuses on investigating how the geometry of the sensor influences its resonance spectrum, including the sensor's shape, size, and aspect ratio. In addition to these factors, heterogeneity in resonance magnitude was mapped for the sensor surface and the effect of the magnetic bias field strength on the resonance spectrum was investigated. Analysis of the results indicates that the shape of the sensor has a strong influence on the emergent resonant modes. Reducing the size of the sensor decreased the sensor's magnitude of resonance. The aspect ratio of the sensor, along with the bias field strength, was also observed to affect the magnitude of the signal; over or under biasing and aspect ratio extremes were observed to decrease the magnitude of resonance, indicating that these parameters can be optimized for a given shape and size of magnetoelastic sensor.
Star-Shaped Donor-π-Acceptor Conjugated Oligomers with 1,3,5-Triazine Cores: Convergent Synthesis and Multifunctional Properties (2010)

Monodispersed oligomers have been widely developed and used in different optoelectronic areas due to their well-defined molecular structures, high purity, and solution processability. Star-shaped oligomers are especially interesting for OLED application because of their antiaggregation abilities and stable electroluminescence. In addition, star-shaped donor-pi-acceptor conjugated molecules are known to afford good nonlinear optical and two-photon absorption properties due to the intramolecular charge transfer and cooperative enhancement effects. In this context, three generations of highly soluble 1,3,5-triazine based donor-pi-acceptor compounds, TFT1, TFT2, and TFT3, were prepared through a convergent synthetic strategy and their optoelectronic properties were fully studied, which showed distinct correlations with the structures. Closed-aperture and open-aperture Z-scan methods were employed to measure the nonlinear refractive index and two-photon absorption properties of the oligomers, respectively. TFT1 showed a high nonlinear refractive index of 4.14 x 10(-12) esu in THF solution with an excitation wavelength of 800 nm. Also, TFT1 exhibited a large two-photon absorption cross section of 234 GM and a frequency up-converted two-photon excited fluorescence with a lambda(TPEF)(max) value of 527 nm under 800 nm laser irradiation with a pulse duration of 140 fs. OLED devices using the spin-coated films of these oligomers as an active layer showed intensive blue electroluminescence with a maximum luminance of 3093 cd/m(2) at a current efficiency of 1.47 cd/A from TFT1.
Helical cascade FCG powered by piezogenerator (1998)

The cascade FCGs with the high energy gain are defined as the separate FCG connected with each other by means of transformers and operating in series. The high energy gain systems consist of helical generators connected with each other by step-up transformers. For the power source of the first cascade the explosive piezogenerator (EPG) is more preferable. EPG and FCG are well compatible in the operating principle and electrotechnical parameters. In the present paper the results of testing the two-cascade system of helical FCG with the explosive piezogenerator as a primary source are adduced. The system has comparatively small dimensions and is intended to achieve the energy up to /spl sim/0.5 MJ in the load.
Hot-deformation behaviour of α+β Ti-Al-V-Fe experimental alloys (2017)

To reduce the cost of metallic alloys the first approach considered is to substitute expensive alloying elements with inexpensive elements that fulfil similar functions. The second approach is to optimise the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys by adjusting processing conditions. Iron, a cheap β-stabilising element in titanium alloys, was added to partially substitute vanadium in experimental Ti-6Al-xV-yFe alloys (where x = 1-4, y = 0-3 and x+y = 4). Unlike other studies where vanadium was totally replaced by iron, in this work partial substitution of V by 1-3 wt % Fe was made to limit the possibility of forming intermetallic phases in the alloys. The experimental alloys were produced by vacuum arc melting and the small ingots were machined to produce plane strain compression samples for hot isothermal testing on a Gleeble 3500. The tests were done at a temperature of 900°C, strain rate of 1s−1 and total strains of 0.6 and 1.2, under plane strain conditions. The microstructures of the as-cast and deformed samples were analysed using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess the deformation mechanisms. The flow stress curves showed that the as-cast Ti-6Al-4V had a higher resistance to deformation than the iron-added experimental alloys. The amount of total strain had a significant effect on the flow behaviour of the alloys. Microscopy showed that deformation bands were more prominent in the deformed Ti-6Al-4V alloy than in the deformed Ti-Al-V-Fe alloys. SEM images revealed rotation and bending of α-laths in the deformed experimental Ti-Al-V-Fe alloys. The low resistance to deformation observed in the experimental alloys at 900°C was sensitive to the higher ratio of iron to vanadium.
Isolation and Characterization of MC3T3-E1 Preosteoblast Subclones with Distinct In Vitro and In Vivo Differentiation/Mineralization Potential (1999)

A series of subclonal cell lines with high or low differentiation/mineralization potential after growth in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) were derived from murine MC3T3-E1 cells. Subclones were characterized in terms of their ability to mineralize a collagenous extracellular matrix both in vitro and in vivo and express osteoblast-related genes. When compared with nonmineralizing cells, mineralizing subclones selectively expressed mRNAs for the osteoblast markers, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), and the parathyroid hormone (PTH)/parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) receptor. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase mRNA was present in certain nonmineralizing as well as mineralizing subclones, suggesting that its expression may be subject to different controls from other osteoblast markers. Only highly differentiating subclones exhibited strong AA-dependent induction of a transiently transfected OCN promoter-luciferase reporter gene, indicating that there was a good correlation between mRNA levels and transcriptional activity. Consistent with its postulated role in biomineralization, BSP as measured by Western blotting was only present in mineralizing subclones. After implantation into immunodeficient mice, highly differentiating subclones formed bone-like ossicles resembling woven bone, while poorly differentiating cells only produced fibrous tissue. Interestingly, subclones with both high and low differentiation potential produced similar amounts of collagen in culture and expressed comparable basal levels of mRNA encoding Osf2/Cbfa1, an osteoblast-related transcription factor. Although some strongly differentiating cells exhibited a modest AA-dependent up-regulation of Osf2/Cbfa1 mRNA, there was no clear relationship between levels of this message and induction of mRNAs for other differentiation markers. Thus, the mere presence of Osf2/Cbfa1 in a subclone was not sufficient for osteoblast differentiation. These subclones will be very useful for studying critical events in osteoblast differentiation and mineralization.
Preparation and properties of selectively p‐chlorinated polystyrene (1987)

Abstract Polystyrene has been chlorinated in the liquid phase by SbCl 3 catalyst combined with 10‐trifluoroacetylphenothiazine to afford a polymer, which is represented by the formula . The aromatic substitution reaction (x &gt; 1) occurs predominantly at the p‐position, the ratio of p‐ to o‐chlorination being 10‐12. The intrinsic viscosity of the toluene solution at 30°C decreases with content of chlorine, x. The refractive index, n D , increases with x. The n D value of a 25.05% chlorine‐containing polymer (x ≃ 1) is 1.6041.
A combination of speaker normalization and speech rate normalization for automatic speech recognition (2000)

In this contribution a normalization procedure for automatic speech recognition is introduced which aims at reducing speaking rate specific variations of the features of the phonetic classes. A “spurtwise” calculation of normalization factors allows to capture changes of the speaking rate within one utterance. The costsaving implementation using linear interpolation of the original features and a word graph rescoring procedure leads to a moderate increase in computational load compared to the baseline system without speech rate normalization. In addition a two-step procedure which combines vocal tract length normalization (VTLN) and speech rate normalization (SRN) has been developed. Experiments showed, that applying SRN to a VTLN-based recognition system leads to relative reduction in word error rate of 4.2%. This is comparable to the decrease observed when using SRN on a system without VTLN. All in all the combination of VTLN and SRN results in a 15% reduction of word error rate compared to the baseline system.
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to Unusual Locations: A Case Report (2007)

Renal cell carcinoma is a tumor that commonly occurs with distant metastases and typically metastasizes to the following distant sites, listed in order of descending frequency: the lung and mediastinum, bone, liver, contralateral kidney or adrenal gland, and brain. However, metastases to the face, skin, and skeletal muscle are extremely rare. We report here a case of a metastatic renal cell carcinoma involving the face, skeletal muscles and skin simultaneously.
Measurement of top quark–antiquark pair production in association with a W or Z boson in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 8$$ s = 8 $$\,\text {TeV}$$ TeV (2014)

A measurement of the cross section for the production of top quark-antiquark pairs ([Formula: see text]) in association with a vector boson V (W or Z) in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] is presented. The results are based on a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb[Formula: see text] recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. The measurement is performed in three leptonic (e and [Formula: see text]) channels: a same-sign dilepton analysis targeting [Formula: see text] events, and trilepton and four-lepton analyses designed for [Formula: see text] events. In the same-sign dilepton channel, the [Formula: see text] cross section is measured as [Formula: see text], corresponding to a significance of 1.6 standard deviations over the background-only hypothesis. Combining the trilepton and four-lepton channels, a direct measurement of the [Formula: see text] cross section, [Formula: see text], is obtained with a significance of 3.1 standard deviations. The measured cross sections are compatible with standard model predictions within their experimental uncertainties. The inclusive [Formula: see text] process is observed with a significance of 3.7 standard deviations from the combination of all three leptonic channels.
Laminating Polyimide Films (1983)

Thermoplastic polyimide adhesive is used to bond polyimide sheets into flexible laminates. Films are first primed with polyimide adhesive, then bonded together under heat and pressure. Adhesive is cast on separate surface, then sandwiched between polyimide and/or metal films for final assembly. Objectives of process are to improve bonding of high-temperature polyimide film, prepare flexible, large-area, void-free laminates from polyimide film, and laminate polyimide film not only to itself but to metal surfaces.
A study of the erythropoietin requirements of erythroid progenitors in polycythemia vera (2010)

Erythroid progenitor cells of the abnormal clone in polycythemia vera (PV) are capable of colony formation in vitro without the addition of erythropoietin, the regulatory hormone required for normal in vivo and-in vitro erythropoiesis. This property of "erythropoietin-independent" colony formation has been considered a marker for the abnormal clone in PV, although recent studies indicate that not all erythropoietic members of the clone may be capable of exhibiting this abnormal phenotype. The present studies were undertaken to investigate the level of maturation at which establishment of an erythropoietin-independent phenotype might be determined. A series of experiments was performed on the replated progeny of single primitive hemopoietic cells already committed to erythropoiesis (primitive BFU-E). First, conditions were established to maximize the number of erythroid colonies obtainable in secondary assays of replated primary colonies of primitive BFU-E origin. Time course studies and experiments with irradiated peripheral blood "feeder" cells treated in different ways established that results were best when primary colonies were allowed to grow for 9 days prior to replating and when 9 day old feeders stored at 4°C were included in the secondary assay medium. Second, a technique was developed for dividing such colonies between 2 secondary assay cultures. Experiments with normal primary colonies transferred to 2 secondary assays, both containing erythropoietin, showed that the variation between true replicates was random, indicating that the procedure used divided each primary colony equally. Third, it was shown that secondary assays to which no erythropoietin was added failed to support erythroid colony formation by progenitors present in normal 9 day old primary colonies. Finally, the distribution of erythropoietin-dependent and erythropoietin-independent phenotypes in individual colonies derived from primitive BFU-E from 5 patients with. PV was assessed by replating experiments. Most of the replated colonies from PV cultures that yielded erythroid colonies in secondary assays containing 3 units of erythropoietin per ml also produced some erythroid colonies in the paired replicate that contained &lt; 0.01 units of erythropoietin per ml. However, fewer colonies were consistently obtained in the low erythropoietin cultures. These results indicate that in PV, most of the primitive erythroid bursts that generate phenotypically abnormal progeny capable of erythroid colony formation under conditions which are non-permissive for normal cells also produce significant numbers of progeny that are phenotypically normal in this respect. It is concluded that the capacity for erythropoietin-independent growth and maturation exhibited in vitro by terminally differentiating members of the abnormal clone in PV is not commonly fixed at or prior to the primitive BFU-E stage of erythropoietic cell development.
Synthesis, Hybridization, and Nuclease Resistance Properties of 2′-O-Aminooxyethyl Modified Oligonucleotides (1999)

Abstract We have synthesized the novel 2′-O-AOE- and MIOE-5-methyluridine and -adenosine nucleosides and successfully incorporated them into oligonucleotides. The 2′-O-modifications significantly enhance hybridization against RNA (1.2 deg C/substitution) and furthermore, exhibits specificity for RNA vs. DNA. The nuclease resistance (SVPD) of 2′-O-AOE and MIOE modified oligonucleotides is comparable to that of 2′-O-MOE.