gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metyrapone, an Inhibitor of Glucocorticoid Production, Reduces Brain Injury Induced by Focal and Global Ischemia and Seizures (1996)

Increasing evidence indicates that glucocorticoids (GCs), produced in response to physical/emotional stressors, can exacerbate brain damage resulting from cerebral ischemia and severe seizure activity. However, much of the supporting evidence has come from studies employing nonphysiological paradigms in which adrenalectomized rats were compared with those exposed to constant GC concentrations in the upper physiological range. Cerebral ischemia and seizures can induce considerable GC secretion. We now present data from experiments using metyrapone (an 11-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor of GC production), which demonstrate that the GC stress-response worsens subsequent brain damage induced by ischemia and seizures in rats. Three different paradigms of brain injury were employed: middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of focal cerebral ischemia; four-vessel occlusion (4VO) model of transient global forebrain ischemia; and kainic acid (KA)-induced (seizure-mediated) excitotoxic damage to hippocampal CA3 and CA1 neurons. Metyrapone (200 mg/kg body wt) was administered systemically in a single i.p. bolus 30 min prior to each insult. In the MCAO model, metyrapone treatment significantly reduced infarct volume and also preserved cells within the infarct. In the 4VO model, neuronal loss in region CA1 of the hippocampus was significantly reduced in rats administered metyrapone. Seizure-induced damage to hippocampal pyramidal neurons (assessed by cell counts and immunochemical analyses of cytoskeletal alterations) was significantly reduced in rats administered metyrapone. Measurement of plasma levels of corticosterone (the species-typical GC of rats) after each insult showed that metyrapone significantly suppressed the injury-induced rise in levels of circulating corticosterone. These findings indicate that endogenous corticosterone contributes to the basal level of brain injury resulting from cerebral ischemia and excitotoxic seizure activity and suggest that drugs that suppress glucocorticoid production may be effective in reducing brain damage in stroke and epilepsy patients.
Chemical imaging for Biomedicine (2019)

I will present two chemical imaging strategies to address two existing fundamental challenges in optical bio-imaging. First, we devised a Bioorthogonal Chemical Imaging platform suited for probing the dynamics of small bio-molecules. Second, we developed a super-multiplex vibrational imaging method, coupling the narrow Raman linewidth with sensitivity boost from resonance enhancement. It is capable of resolving up to 24 colors simultaneously.
B cell Activity and anti-MBP Autoantibody Response to Peripheral Nerve Injury is Sexually Dimorphic (2020)

Abstract Background : Autoantibodies, a hallmark of autoimmune disorders, are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic pain. Mechanical hypersensitivity is a severe complication of peripheral nerve injury mediated through sex-specific activity of immune and glial cells. Whether B cell contribution to nerve injury and pain is sexually dimorphic remains unknown. Methods : CD20 immunoblotting and immunostaining was conducted in female and male sciatic nerve after chronic constriction injury (CCI). B cell/CD20 targeting by bolus intravenous (IV) Rituximab or control immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy or vehicle was administered in female and male rats post-CCI, followed by von Frey mechanical sensitivity testing. The cryptic myelin basic protein (MBP) epitopes were identified by immunostaining (EMD-AB5864 Millipore antibody) in female and male CCI nerves. ELISA was used to detect serum autoantibodies against the immunodominant MBP(84-104) epitope was conducted in female and male rats post-CCI. Results : Infiltration of CD20-positive cells, presumably B cell, was observed in female and male nerve at one week post-CCI. A single bolus IV anti-CD20/Rituximab therapy at one week post-CCI reduced the degree of mechanical hypersensitivity in female, but not in male, rats. IVIG therapy and vehicle treatment had no effect in either sex. Sustained release of the cryptic MBP epitopes from myelin was observed in nerves post-CCI in both sexes. Remarkably, serum anti-MBP(84-104) autoantibody was detected in female, but not in male, rats post-CCI. Conclusions : B cell activity and autoantibody production after peripheral nerve injury are sexually dimorphic. In females, mechanical hypersensitivity arising due to autoimmune remodeling of myelin on sensory neuraxis is amenable to immunotherapeutic intervention.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Chiral Cyclopentyl‐ and Cyclohexyl‐amines. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SPTA: A proposed algorithm for thinning binary patterns (1984)

A new skeletonization algorithm called the safe-point thinning algorithm (SPTA) is proposed that is suitable for binary patterns. The SPTA is informally explained and is also defined in a formal algorithmic manner. The experimental performance of the SPTA is compared with 14 other skeletonization algorithms that have been proposed by other researchers. Results show that SPTA is the fastest and that it produces skeletons of good quality.
LONG-TERM SEIZURE OUTCOMES WITH PERAMPANEL IN REFRACTORY PARTIAL-ONSET SEIZURES AND SECONDARILY GENERALISED PARTIAL SEIZURES: 10 MONTHS ADDITIONAL DATA FROM EXTENSION STUDY 307 FOLLOWING THREE PHASE III CLINICAL TRIALS (2014)

<h3>Purpose</h3> Extending duration of analysis with up to two years perampanel exposure. <h3>Methods</h3> We report 7260 additional patient-months (cut-off Oct 2011) from extension study 307 (NCT00735397). Seizure outcomes were analysed in 13-week intervals (time from first perampanel exposure) in patients with ≥6, 9, 12, and 24 months9 exposure, allowing seizure outcomes to be examined over time without being confounded by changing patient numbers as the study progresses. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 1216 intent-to-treat patients, 1090 (89.6%), 980 (80.6%), 874 (71.9%) and 337 (27.7%) had perampanel exposure of ≥6, 9, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Declining numbers reflected later start-dates and time of data cut-off, as well as drop-outs. Patterns of seizure outcomes were similar for median % change from baseline in seizure frequency, and responder rate (RR; % with ≥50% reduction) and between the four subsets based on treatment duration. Most improvements occurred during early weeks of exposure (RR=32–35% at week 1–13 and 42–48% at weeks 14–26). Seizure outcomes were stable across longer exposures: RR ranged from 52% (weeks 27–39) to 58% (weeks 92–104) in patients with ≥24 months of data. Patterns were similar in secondarily generalised seizures, where RR ranged from 64.7–67.4% at 27–39 weeks, to 73.0% at 92–104 weeks. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Seizure outcomes with adjunctive perampanel, in refractory partial-onset seizures, are stable over time, with data up to 2 years.
Cardiomyocyte death in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (2009)

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used and successful antitumor drugs, but its cumulative and dose-dependent cardiac toxicity has been a major concern of oncologists in cancer therapeutic practice for decades. With the increasing population of cancer survivors, there is a growing need to develop preventive strategies and effective therapies against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, in particular late-onset cardiomyopathy. Although intensive investigations on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity have continued for decades, the underlying mechanisms responsible for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity have not been completely elucidated. A rapidly expanding body of evidence supports the notion that cardiomyocyte death by apoptosis and necrosis is a primary mechanism of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy and that other types of cell death, such as autophagy and senescence/aging, may participate in this process. This review focuses on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying DOX-induced cardiomyocyte death, including the major primary mechanism of excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other recently discovered ROS-independent mechanisms. The different sensitivities to DOX-induced cell death signals between adult and young cardiomyocytes will also be discussed.
Evaluation of a spectral subtraction strategy to suppress reverberant energy in cochlear implant devices (2015)

The smearing effects of room reverberation can significantly impair the ability of cochlear implant (CI) listeners to understand speech. To ameliorate the effects of reverberation, current dereverberation algorithms focus on recovering the direct sound from the reverberated signal by inverse filtering the reverberation process. This contribution describes and evaluates a spectral subtraction (SS) strategy capable of suppressing late reflections. Late reflections are the most detrimental to speech intelligibility by CI listeners as reverberation increases. By tackling only the late part of reflections, it is shown that users of CI devices can benefit from the proposed strategy even in highly reverberant rooms. The proposed strategy is also compared against an ideal reverberant (binary) masking approach. Speech intelligibility results indicate that the proposed SS solution is able to suppress additive reverberant energy to a degree comparable to that achieved by an ideal binary mask. The added advantage is that the SS strategy proposed in this work can allow for a potentially real-time implementation in clinical CI processors.
Using an exponential power model for Wyner-Ziv Coding (2010)

International audience
OpenABC-D: A Large-Scale Dataset For Machine Learning Guided Integrated Circuit Synthesis (2021)

Logic synthesis is a challenging and widely-researched combinatorial optimization problem during integrated circuit (IC) design. It transforms a high-level description of hardware in a programming language like Verilog into an optimized digital circuit netlist, a network of interconnected Boolean logic gates, that implements the function. Spurred by the success of ML in solving combinatorial and graph problems in other domains, there is growing interest in the design of ML-guided logic synthesis tools. Yet, there are no standard datasets or prototypical learning tasks defined for this problem domain. Here, we describe OpenABC-D,a large-scale, labeled dataset produced by synthesizing open source designs with a leading open-source logic synthesis tool and illustrate its use in developing, evaluating and benchmarking ML-guided logic synthesis. OpenABC-D has intermediate and final outputs in the form of 870,000 And-Inverter-Graphs (AIGs) produced from 1500 synthesis runs plus labels such as the optimized node counts, and de-lay. We define a generic learning problem on this dataset and benchmark existing solutions for it. The codes related to dataset creation and benchmark models are available athttps://github.com/NYU-MLDA/OpenABC.git. The dataset generated is available athttps://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/63311
A 28-nm Compute SRAM With Bit-Serial Logic/Arithmetic Operations for Programmable In-Memory Vector Computing (2019)

This article proposes a general-purpose hybrid in-/near-memory compute SRAM (CRAM) that combines an 8T transposable bit cell with vector-based, bit-serial in-memory arithmetic to accommodate a wide range of bit-widths, from single to 32 or 64 bits, as well as a complete set of operation types, including integer and floating-point addition, multiplication, and division. This approach provides the flexibility and programmability necessary for evolving software algorithms ranging from neural networks to graph and signal processing. The proposed design was implemented in a small Internet of Things (IoT) processor in the 28-nm CMOS consisting of a Cortex-M0 CPU and 8 CRAM banks of 16 kB each (128 kB total). The system achieves 475-MHz operation at 1.1 V and, with all CRAMs active, produces 30 GOPS or 1.4 GFLOPS on 32-bit operands. It achieves an energy efficiency of 0.56 TOPS/W for 8-bit multiplication and 5.27 TOPS/W for 8-bit addition at 0.6 V and 114 MHz.
1920년 조선인 언론공간의 편성과 의미 (2020)

이 논문은 1919년 ‘문화통치’로의 전환 속에서 조선에서 언론이 허용되었던 배경과 결과를 검토하고, 그것의 성격을 파악하고자 하였다.
먼저 1920년 조선인 언론공간의 편성은 여러 요인 중에서도 ‘시대적 흐름’이라고 표현되는 외부적 압력이 작용한 결과였다. 특히 조선에서의 언론 정책에 대한 일본 내에서의 비판적 여론이 고려되었다. 이 때문에 조선총독부는 언론과 관련된 구체적인 기준과 법령을 정비하기 전에 ‘언론 허용’이라는 대체적인 방침을 정할 수밖에 없었다. 『동아일보』, 『조선일보』, 『시사신문』 이 총독부에 의해 허가되었던 과정은 구체적으로 밝히기 어렵지만, 세 신문 모두 가시적인 조직 또는 세력, 총독부와의 소통 채널을 가지고 있었다. 신문 허용에는 실질적 기준이 아니라 해당 신청자들에 대한 총독부의 기대와 믿음이 크게 작용하였다. 총독부는 세 신문을 허용함으로써 조선인 지식인층, 친일 정치 세력, 친일 경제 세력의 여론을 파악하거나 관리할 수 있는 틀을 마련할 수 있었다.
그러나 총독부가 핵심적으로 고려했던 각 신문의 주요 인물들이 신문사에서 초기에 탈각되면서 총독부의 막연한 의도는 관철될 수 없었다. 다만 이후 신문사가 조선인 지식인들의 정치적, 경제적 활동 영역으로서의 역할이 공고해지면서 ‘조선인 언론공간’은 다른 국면을 맞이하게 된다.
The Role of Bacteria and Pattern Recognition Receptors in GvHD (2010)

Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD) is the most serious complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) and results from an activation of donor lymphocytes by recipient antigen-presenting cells (APCs). For a long time, it has been postulated that the intestinal microflora and endotoxin exert a crucial step in this APC activation, as there is early and severe gastrointestinal damage induced by pretransplant conditioning. With the detailed description of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and pathogen recognition receptors single nucleotide polymorphisms of TLRs and especially NOD2 have been identified as potential risk factors of GvHD and transplant related complications thus further supporting the crucial role of innate immunity in SCT, related complications. Gastrointestinal decontamination and neutralization of endotoxin have been used to interfere with this early axis of activation with some success but more specific approaches of modulation of innate immunity are needed for further improvement of clinical outcome.
Quality Factors and Energy Losses of Single-Crystal Silicon Nanowire Electromechanical Resonators (2007)

We report measurements on quality factors (Q's) of single-crystal silicon nanowire (SiNW) resonators operating in the very-high frequency (VHF) range. Q's of ~200 MHz metalized SiNWs are considerably lower than those of the pristine SiNWs operating at similar frequencies. The observed damping effect due to resonance transduction agrees well with the loaded-Q model for magnetomotive scheme. The temperature dependency of dissipation (Q <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) is found to be approximately from Q <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ∝T <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sup> to Q <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ∝T <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.4</sup> . Clamping losses are becoming important for such VHF ultrasmall resonators.
Precise Control in Characteristics of Nano-particulate MFI-Type Ferrisilicate and Their Catalysis in the Conversion of Dimethyl Ether into Light Olefins (2015)

This study reports the synthesis of size-controlled Fe-MFI (Fe-substituted zeolites with the MFI topology) and their catalytic performances for DTO (dimethyl ether-to-olefins) reaction. The amount of HCl and aging temperature were decisive factors to control the particle size of Fe-MFI in the range of 50 nm to 600 nm. The introduction of Fe 3+ ions into the zeolitic framework was confirmed by UV (ultraviolet)-visible spectroscopy. In addition, it was observed that the strength of acid site in prepared Fe-MFI was weaker than that of commercial ZSM-5. With decrease in the particle size, the amount of deposited coke decreased so that the catalyst life for the DTO reaction was well promoted. The present catalysts showed the higher light-olefin selectivity (C 2
The Effect Of Cadence On Muscle Recruitment In Triathletes (2007)

PURPOSE We have previously reported that cycling muscle recruitment is less skilled in triathletes than cyclists with similar cycling training loads. This study investigated the relationship between muscle recruitment and cadence in triathletes, which may provide further evidence of less skilled movement control. METHODS: Participants were eight elite triathletes. Comparisons were made with data from our earlier study of nine elite and ten novice cyclists. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were made using indwelling electrodes from tibialis anterior (TA), tibialis posterior (TP), peroneus longus (PL), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and soleus (SOL). Cycling at individual preferred cadence (PC), 55–60, 75–80 and 90–95 rpm were investigated in random order. Cycling trials were conducted on each participant's bike secured on a magnetic trainer. Cycling intensity was controlled using ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). RESULTS The increase in cadence from 57.5 to 92.5 rpm was associated with a decrease in modulation of muscle activity (i.e. longer bursts of activity and a higher level of activity between main bursts) in triathletes for TA, SOL (p < 0.01) and TP (p < 0.05). This decrease in modulation of muscle activity was also observed in novice cyclists for TA, TP, GL and SOL (p < 0.01), but not in highly trained cyclists (p > 0.56). Coactivation increased with cadence in triathletes in proportion to increased duration of primary muscle activity, as it did in novice cyclists. Peak EMG amplitude increased with cadence in triathletes and was not minimized at PC (p = 0.21), which is consistent with our findings in novice and elite cyclists. Times of peak EMG activity and variability of muscle recruitment were not influenced by cadence in any group (p > 0.32). CONCLUSION PC is not related to peak EMG amplitude in triathletes, which is consistent with our findings in novice and elite cyclists. Less modulation of muscle activity and greater muscle coactivation with increased in cadence in triathletes is considered as further evidence of less skilled control of the movement relative to cyclists with similar cycling training loads.
Synthesis of ester oligomer by Aspergillus niger lipase. (1984)

Lipase from Aspergillus niger NRRL 337 catalyzed the synthesis of esters from various dicarboxylic acids and diols. Amongthe esters synthesized, those from 1, 13-tridecanedioic acid and 1, 3-propanediol were separated by gel permeation chromatography. The constitution of the purified ester was determined by using IR and MS. The dominant components of synthesized esters were pentamer and heptamer, and both end groups of the pentamer and heptamer were hydroxyl. The possible reaction sequence in synthesis of ester oligomer by Aspergillus niger lipase is described.
Identification of cell asymmetry and orientation by light scattering. (1977)

Light scattering from chicken red blood cells has been used as a model system to identify the asymmetry of cells. The histogram for forward angle light scattering for these cells is bimodal, the signal size being dependent on the cell orientation. A dual orthogonal scatter system is used to conclusively demonstrate this orientational variation in signal. A third scattering system, using a single incident beam with two orthogonal detectors, is used to further characterize the orientational variation of the scatter signal. In this third system it is shown that the signal in a detector set 90 degrees from the incident beam collects light reflected from the cell surface. The optical selection of cells in specific orientations using these systems may circumvent the need to physically orient cell in flow systems.
Effect of Sugar-Modified .BETA.-Cyclodextrins on Dissolution and Absorption Characteristics of Phenytoin. (1999)

Inclusion complexes of phenytoin (DPH) with 6-O-alpha-D-glucosyl (G1)- and 6-O-alpha-D-maltosyl (G2)-beta-cyclodextrins (beta-CyDs) were prepared in a molecular mixing ratio of 1:1. The advantages of these preparations in terms of dissolution characteristics and the oral absorbency of DPH were evaluated in comparison with the known solid dispersions of polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 and sodium deoxycholate (DC-Na). The results of a phase-solubility study indicated that G1- and G2-beta-CyDs provided higher solubility for DPH than 2-hydroxypropyl (HP)-beta-CyD. Irrespective of inclusion ability, the DPH/beta-CyD complexes allowed faster dissolution rates than those of the known dispersions in JP 1st and 2nd mediums. The dissolution behavior of the DPH/DC-Na dispersion was considerably different between the 1st and 2nd mediums. The complexation by the sugar-modified derivatives yielded a higher stability of dissolved DPH in the JP 2nd medium than that yielded by K-30 or DC-Na. The safe estimation of carriers themselves indicated that G1- and G2-bet-CyDs did not damage the small intestine, while 10 mM DC-Na showed some damage. Compared with the DPH/K-30 dispersion, the preparations with the sugar-modified beta-CyDs were more effective in enhancing the absorbability of DPH after oral administration. These results clearly suggest that complexation with G1- and G2-beta-CyDs are useful forms for the oral delivery of DPH. The advantage of these complexes is that they produce an increased level of DPH available for gastrointestinal absorption. Additionally, G2-beta-CyD is recommended as a safe and potent additive for DPH.
Capacity of PPM on APD-detected optical channels (2002)

This report defines the fundamental parameters affecting the capacity of a soft-decision optical channel, and relates them to corresponding parameters for the well-understood AWGN channel. For example, just as the performance on a standard additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is fully characterized by its SNR, a corresponding Webb channel is fully characterized by its SNR, and a single additional skewness parameter /spl delta//sup 2/ which depends on the photon detector. In fact, this Webb channel reduces to the standard AWGN channel when /spl delta//sup 2//spl rarr//spl infin/. Numerical results show that the capacity of M-ary orthogonal signaling on the Webb channel exhibits the same brick-wall Shannon limit (M ln 2)/(M-1) as on the AWGN channel (/spl ap/-1.59 dB for large M), and that soft output channels offer a 3 dB advantage over hard output channels.
Toward Marker-free 3D Pose Estimation in Lifting: A Deep Multi-view Solution (2018)

Lifting is a common manual material handling task performed in the workplaces. It is considered as one of the main risk factors for Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders. To improve work place safety, it is necessary to assess musculoskeletal and biomechanical risk exposures associated with these tasks, which requires very accurate 3D pose. Existing approaches mainly utilize marker-based sensors to collect 3D information. However, these methods are usually expensive to setup, time-consuming in process, and sensitive to the surrounding environment. In this study, we propose a multi-view based deep perceptron approach to address aforementioned limitations. Our approach consists of two modules: a "view-specific perceptron" network extracts rich information independently from the image of view, which includes both 2D shape and hierarchical texture information; while a "multi-view integration" network synthesizes information from all available views to predict accurate 3D pose. To fully evaluate our approach, we carried out comprehensive experiments to compare different variants of our design. The results prove that our approach achieves comparable performance with former marker-based methods, i.e. an average error of $14.72 \pm 2.96$ mm on the lifting dataset. The results are also compared with state-of-the-art methods on HumanEva-I dataset, which demonstrates the superior performance of our approach.