gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Reflectarray Phase-Only Synthesis Using the Generalized Intersection Approach with Dielectric Frame and First Principle of Equivalence (2017)

An improved reflectarray Phase-Only Synthesis technique which employs the generalized Intersection Approach (IA) algorithm is fully described. It is formulated with the First Principle of Equivalence and takes into account a dielectric frame which is usually present to screw the reflectarray breadboard to the supporting structure. The effects of the First Principle of Equivalence versus the Second Principle in the computation of the radiation patterns, as well as the dielectric frame, are assessed and taken into account in an efficient implementation of the generalized IA in order to obtain more accurate results. Different strategies to speed up the synthesis process are presented and to improve convergence. The technique is demonstrated through two examples for space and terrestrial applications: an isoflux pattern for global Earth coverage from a satellite and a Local Multipoint Distribution Service pattern for central stations of cellular systems, both with a working frequency of 25.5 GHz. In addition, experimental results validate the approach described in this work with a prototype with an isoflux pattern working at 30 GHz.
Exercise and Sleep Deprivation Do Not Change Cytokine Expression Levels in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2013)

A major hypothesis regarding the cause of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is immune dysregulation, thought to be reflected in upregulated proinflammatory cytokines leading to the symptoms that are characteristic of this illness. Because the symptoms worsen with physical exertion or sleep loss, we hypothesized that we could use these stressors to magnify the underlying potential pathogenic abnormalities in the cytokine systems of people with CFS. We conducted repeat blood sampling for cytokine levels from healthy subjects and CFS patients during both postexercise and total sleep deprivation nights and assayed for protein levels in the blood samples, mRNA activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), and function in resting and stimulated PBLs. We found that these environmental manipulations did not produce clinically significant upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. These data do not support an important role of immune dysregulation in the genesis of stress-induced worsening of CFS.
Electrophile-induced disproportionation of the neutral formyl (.eta.-C5H5)Re(PPh3)(NO)(CHO). Generation of cationic rhenium carbenes of the formula [(.eta.-C5H5)Re(PPh3)(NO)(CHX)]+ (X = hydrogen, methoxy, hydroxy) (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrophile-induced disproportionation of the neutral formyl (.eta.-C5H5)Re(PPh3)(NO)(CHO). Generation of cationic rhenium carbenes of the formula [(.eta.-C5H5)Re(PPh3)(NO)(CHX)]+ (X = hydrogen, methoxy, hydroxy)Wai-Kwok Wong, Wilson Tam, and J. A. GladyszCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 18, 5440–5442Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00512a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00512a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: LITHIUM AMMONIA REDUCTIONS OF 2‐THIOPHENECARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1984)

Abstract 2‐Thiophen‐carbonsäuren bzw. die Li‐Salze (I) werden durch Li/Ammoniak zu Gemischen aus den Dihydroverbindungen (II) sowie den Spaltprodukten (IIIa), die zu (IIIb) verestert werden, reduziert.
Arabidopsis PECTIN METHYLESTERASE17 is co-expressed with and processed by SBT3.5, a subtilisin-like serine protease (2014)

By revealing the potential role of SBT3.5 in the processing of PME17, this study brings new evidence of the complexity of the regulation of PMEs in plants, and highlights the need for identifying specific PME-SBT pairs.
Consequences of Correlated Solvation on the Structures and Reactivities of RLi-Diamine Complexes:  1,2-Addition and α-Lithiation Reactions of Imines by TMEDA-Solvated n-Butyllithium and Phenyllithium (2001)

6Li and (13)C NMR spectroscopic studies were carried out on [(6)Li]n-BuLi and [(6)Li]PhLi (RLi) in toluene-d(8) containing the following diamines: N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethylenediamine, 1,2-dipyrrolidinoethane, 1,2-dipiperidinoethane, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylpropanediamine, trans-(R,R)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylcyclohexanediamine, and (-)-sparteine. Dimers of general structure (RLi)(2)S(2) (S = chelating diamine) are formed in each case. Treatment of RLi with two different diamines (S and S') affords homosolvates (RLi)(2)S(2) and (RLi)(2)S'(2) along with a heterosolvate (RLi)(2)SS'. Relative binding constants and associated free energies for the sequential solvent substitutions are obtained by competing pairs of diamines. The high relative stabilities of certain heterosolvates indicate that solvent binding to the RLi dimer can be highly correlated. Rate studies of both the 1,2-addition of RLi/TMEDA to the N-isopropylimine of cyclohexane carboxaldehyde and the RLi/TMEDA-mediated alpha-lithiation of the N-isopropylimine of cyclohexanone reveal monomer-based transition structures, [(RLi)(TMEDA)(imine)], in all cases. The complex relationships of solvent binding constants and relative reactivities toward 1,2-additions and alpha-lithiations are discussed.
Bandwidth reduction for video processing in consumer systems (2001)

The architecture of the present video processing units in consumer systems is usually based on various forms of processor hardware, communicating with an off-chip SDRAM memory. Examples of these systems are currently available MPEG encoders and decoders, and high-end television systems. Due to the fast increase of required computational power of consumer systems, the data communication to and from the off-chip memory has become the bottleneck in the overall system performance (memory wall problem). This paper presents a strategy for mapping pixels into the memory for video applications such as MPEG processing, thereby minimizing the transfer overhead between memory and the processing. A novelty in our approach is that the proposed communication model considers the statistics of the application-dependent data accesses in memory. With this technique, a 26% reduction of the memory bandwidth was obtained in an MPEG decoding system containing a 64-bit wide memory bus. For double-data-rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), the proposed mapping strategy reduces the bandwidth in the system by even 50%. This substantial performance improvement can readily be used for extending the quality or the functionality of the system.
The two-component sensor kinase KinB acts as a non-canonical switch between acute and chronic infection (2011)

P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that occupies diverse environmental niches and is capable of causing a range of infections in humans. This versatility suggests that it has sophisticated mechanisms to sense and respond to the surrounding microenvironment. Two-component sensors are commonly used by bacteria to sense and respond to environmental stimuli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has one of the largest sets of two-component sensors known in bacteria. We took advantage of a non-redundant transposon library and a recently characterized vertebrate model host, Danio rerio, that is amenable to higher throughput analysis than mammalian models, to systematically test the role of 60 two-component sensors that are required for P. aeruginosa virulence in acute infection. We found that the sensor kinase KinB is required for acute infection in zebrafish embryos and regulates a number of virulence related phenotypes in a manner independent of its kinase activity and its known response regulator, AlgB. Thus, the regulation of virulence by KinB highlights the increasing recognition of non-canonical two-component signaling mechanisms.
Dedifferentiation-Reprogrammed Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Improved Therapeutic Potential (2011)

Stem cell transplantation has been shown to improve functional outcome in degenerative and ischemic disorders. However, low in vivo survival and differentiation potential of the transplanted cells limits their overall effectiveness and thus clinical usage. Here we show that, after in vitro induction of neuronal differentiation and dedifferentiation, on withdrawal of extrinsic factors, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow, which have already committed to neuronal lineage, revert to a primitive cell population (dedifferentiated MSCs) retaining stem cell characteristics but exhibiting a reprogrammed phenotype distinct from their original counterparts. Of therapeutic interest, the dedifferentiated MSCs exhibited enhanced cell survival and higher efficacy in neuronal differentiation compared to unmanipulated MSCs both in vitro and in vivo, with significantly improved cognition function in a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage rat model. Increased expression of bcl-2 family proteins and microRNA-34a appears to be the important mechanism giving rise to this previously undefined stem cell population that may provide a novel treatment strategy with improved therapeutic efficacy.
An Accessing Model (1971)

A model of a storage system involving a disk and a buffer is analyzed under two access disciplines. The average stationary access rate is calculated for each discipline.
Behavior of Various Organosilicon Molecules in PECVD Processes for Hydrocarbon-Doped Silicon Oxide Films (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Understanding energy pricing for water pumping (2012)

In order to correctly model and optimize energy consumption by water distribution systems, it is essential to understand the tariffs which explain how energy is purchased. Contrary to the assumption in most models, energy is not sold at a constant unit price but is sold by a somewhat confusing set of rates including time-of-day pricing, increasing and decreasing block rates, take-or-pay arrangements, peak demand charges and unit prices that depend on peak demands. The problem is further complicated by the fact that energy use calculations can be based on an average day while demand charges must be based on some kind of peak conditions. Block rates usually depend on the total energy use, not in a single day, but over a billing period and demand charges can be based on the peak during the billing period or some other period which may be as long as a year. Block rates are based on total energy used in the billing period and includes multiple pumps and non-pumping energy use. This paper illustrates some of the issues involved in correctly determining energy costs and how ignoring the details of the tariff can lead to misleading results.
Speech and Multimodal Interaction in Mobile Search (2011)

With the widespread adoption of high-speed wireless networks symbiotically complemented by the burgeoning demand for smart mobile devices, access to the Internet is evolving from personal computers (PCs) to mobile devices. In this article, we highlight the characteristics of mobile search, discuss the state of speech-based mobile search, and present opportunities for exploiting multimodal interaction to optimize the efficiency of mobile search.
Humanizing Design through Narrative Inquiry (2006)

An increasing number of practice–based disciplines are embracing narrative inquiry as a powerful means of teaching the more intangible, human–centered issues of professional practice. While the field of design has a long history of using narrative metaphorically—that is, creating designs that tell a story—less emphasis has been placed on examining the potential of narrative as design method—as a tool for exploring ideas and guiding decisions throughout the various stages of the design process. This article examines the potential benefits of a narrative inquiry in a studio setting on design process and product. The authors present findings from an exploratory study in which twenty–eight senior level interior design students formally integrated narrative (storytelling) into three different phases of their creative design process: Programming, Conceptualization, and Presentation. The studio setting became a laboratory for exploring the unique qualities of narrative method in relation to more traditional 2–D and 3–D design methods. Personal insights and self–reported changes in thinking were collected, indicating how the students perceived the impact of the narrative intervention upon their design inquiry, design decisions, and quality of work. A content analysis of the written reflections of the students revealed that designing with stories resulted in a transformative learning experience that encouraged a deeply humanized design process by nurturing empathy, enhancing multi–sensory conceptualization and visualization, and facilitating holistic designing.
Laser Tattoo Removal (2007)

Tattooing has been a part of human culture since the earliest beginnings of modern civilization. What has changed over the millennia are the myriad of colors with which we can now express our thoughts, feelings, and desires through body art. What has not changed is human nature, and our propensity to change our minds about what it is we think, feel, and wish to express on the canvas of our skin. Our fickle nature results in the desire to change what has been placed as a permanent reminder of a friend, spouse, or as a work of art. The technology used to remove tattoos began with destructive methods of removal, which wreaked havoc not only on the tattoo but more prominently on the skin containing that tattoo. The discovery of selective photothermolysis, the ability to selectively remove target structures without disrupting the surrounding skin, made it at least possible to remove tattoos without destroying the surrounding skin and leaving a scar. Theory predicted that pulse durations in the nanosecond domain would be optimal for tattoo removal, and the Q-switched neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet, alexandrite, and ruby lasers operate in this range and are the key tools for modern tattoo removal. Too often, the wrong devices operating in the millisecond range, such as intense pulsed light sources, or lasers that are nonselective, such as the carbon dioxide laser, are used to treat tattoos, resulting in significant scarring without complete removal of the tattoo. Although the Q-switched lasers are capable of removing tattoos without harming the skin, removal often takes numerous treatments and still can be incomplete, especially when attempting to remove multicolored tattoos. Developments leading to removable tattoo inks, feedback systems to detect the absorbance characteristics of tattoo inks, dermal clearing agents, and perhaps even shorter pulse-duration lasers should result in improvements in tattoo removal in the near future.
Optimal Bayesian Classification (2020)

Since prior knowledge is required to obtain a good error estimate in smallsample settings, it is prudent to utilize that knowledge when designing a classifier. When large amounts of data are available, one can appeal to the Vapnik–Chervonenkis (VC) theory (and extensions), which bounds the difference between the error of the best classifier in a family of classifiers and the error of the designed classifier as a function of sample size, absent prior distributional knowledge, but this VC bound is generally useless for small samples. Rather than take a distribution-free approach, we can find a classifier with minimum expected error, given the data and an uncertainty class of feature-label distributions. This is accomplished in the framework of optimal operator design under uncertainty.
Charging of Surfaces with a Wire Corona Discharge: Simulations of Plasma Hydrodynamics with Moving Surfaces (2012)

Atmospheric pressure corona electric discharges are important components of electrophotographic (EP) printing technologies for charging surfaces and photoconductors. A typical corona discharge consists of a wire biased with dc potential of 100's V plus a few kV of ac bias. An electric discharge is produced around the corona wire from which electrons drift along the applied electric field to charge the underlying surface. This reduces the voltage drop across the gap which then terminates the discharge. In printing this underlying surface is continuously moving during charging. As a result, the corona discharge is re-ignited by the increased voltage drop provided by the incoming uncharged surface. To aid in development of these devices, an investigation based on first principles, multi-dimensional computer modeling has been conducted. We found that the uniformity of the summation of these charging cycles is sensitive to the conductivity, dielectric constant and speed of the moving surface, and the voltage waveform. Parametric results for charging of surfaces while varying these parameters will be discussed.
Improving mixed-matrix membrane performance via PMMA grafting from functionalized NH2–UiO-66 (2018)

The major obstacles in gas separation by mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) are poor dispersion and poor affinity between polymers and fillers.
New Routes to Polymetallic Clusters: Fluoride‐Based Tri‐, Deca‐, and Hexaicosametallic MnIII Clusters and their Magnetic Properties (2004)

The syntheses, structures and magnetic properties of three new MnIII clusters, [Mn26O17(OH)8(OMe)4F10(bta)22(MeOH)14(H2O)2] (1), [Mn(0O6(OH)2(bta)8(py)8F8] (2) and [NHEt3]2[Mn3O(bta)6F3] (3), are reported (bta=anion of benzotriazole), thereby demonstrating the utility of MnF3 as a new synthon in Mn cluster chemistry. The "melt" reaction (100 degrees C) between MnF(3) and benzotriazole (btaH, C6H5N3) under an inert atmosphere, followed by dissolution in MeOH produces the cluster [Mn26O17(OH)8(OMe)4F10(bta)22(MeOH)14(H2O)2] (1) after two weeks. Complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1, and consists of a complicated array of metal tetrahedra linked by mu3-O2- ions, mu3- and mu2-OH- ions, mu2-MeO- ions and mu2-bta- ligands. The "simpler" reaction between MnF3 and btaH in boiling MeOH (50 degrees C) also produces complex 1. If this reaction is repeated in the presence of pyridine, the decametallic complex [Mn10O6(OH)2(bta)8(py)8F8] (2) is produced. Complex 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 and consists of a "supertetrahedral" [Mn(III)10] core bridged by six mu3-O2- ions, two mu3-OH- ions, four mu2-F- ions and eight mu2-bta- ions. The replacement of pyridine by triethylamine in the same reaction scheme produces the trimetallic species [NHEt3]2[Mn3O(bta)6F3] (3). Complex 3 crystallises in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c and has a structure analogous to that of the basic metal carboxylates of general formula [M3O(RCO2)6L3]0/+, which consists of an oxo-centred metal triangle with mu2-bta- ligands bridging each edge of the triangle and the fluoride ions acting as the terminal ligands. DC magnetic susceptibility measurements in the 300-1.8 K and 0.1-7 T ranges were investigated for all three complexes. For each, the value of chi(M)T decreases with decreasing temperatures; this indicates the presence of dominant antiferromagnetic exchange interactions in 1-3. For complex 1, the low-temperature value of chi(M)T is 10 cm(3) K mol(-1) and fitting of the magnetisation data gives S=4, g=2.0 and D=-0.90 cm(-1). For complex 2, the value of chi(M)T falls to a value of approximately 5.0 cm(3) K mol(-1) at 1.8 K, which is consistent with a small spin ground state. For the triangular complex 3, the best fit to the experimental chi(M)T versus T data was obtained for the following parameters: Ja = -5.01 cm(-1), Jb = +9.16 cm(-1) and g=2.00, resulting in an S=2 spin ground state. DFT calculations on 3, however, suggest an S=1 or S=0 ground state with J(a)=-2.95 cm(-1) and J(b)=-2.12 cm(-1). AC susceptibility measurements performed on 1 in the 1.8-4.00 K range show the presence of out-of-phase AC susceptibility signals, but no peaks. Low-temperature single-crystal studies performed on 1 on an array of micro-SQUIDS show the time- and temperature-dependent hysteresis loops indicative of single-molecule magnetism behaviour.
Tolerance to noninherited maternal antigens, reproductive microchimerism and regulatory T cell memory: 60 years after ‘Evidence for actively acquired tolerance to Rh antigens’ (2015)

Compulsory exposure to genetically foreign maternal tissue imprints in offspring sustained tolerance to noninherited maternal antigens (NIMA). Immunological tolerance to NIMA was first described by Dr. Ray D. Owen for women genetically negative for erythrocyte rhesus (Rh) antigen with reduced sensitization from developmental Rh exposure by their mothers. Extending this analysis to HLA haplotypes has uncovered the exciting potential for therapeutically exploiting NIMA-specific tolerance naturally engrained in mammalian reproduction for improved clinical outcomes after allogeneic transplantation. Herein, we summarize emerging scientific concepts stemming from tolerance to NIMA that includes postnatal maintenance of microchimeric maternal origin cells in offspring, expanded accumulation of immune suppressive regulatory T cells with NIMA-specificity, along with teleological benefits and immunological consequences of NIMA-specific tolerance conserved across mammalian species.
Corrigendum to “Dynamic assessment of tau immunotherapies in the brains of live animals by two-photon imaging” EBioMedicine 35 (2018) 270–278 (2018)

The authors wish to add the following sentence to the Acknowledgments section: The Neuroscience Institute and Microscopy Laboratory at NYU School of Medicine provided the two-photon microscopes for the experiments. DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.08.041 Dynamic assessment of tau immunotherapies in the brains of live animals by two-photon imagingOur original findings, showing the effectiveness of active and passive tau immunizations in mouse models, have now been confirmed and extended by many groups, with several clinical trials underway in Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Here, we report on a unique and sensitive two-photon imaging approach to concurrently study the dynamics of brain and neuronal uptake and clearance of tau antibodies as well as the acute removal of their pathological target in live animals. This in vivo technique is more sensitive to detect clearance of pathological tau protein than western blot tau analysis of brain tissue. Full-Text PDF Open Access