gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stirling Engine with Combustion in Porous Media (2002)

Operation characteristics of a Sirling engine with combustion in a porous medium (regenerator) were investigated through one-dimensional numerical simulation. The porous medium was assumed to consist of fine spheres with a 0.1mm diameter and have a 98% porosity and a 15mm thickness. The compressed mixture is preheated by the porous medium and is ignited in the vicinity of its power-piston side end. The main reaction occurs in the gas phase, resulting in the increase in the gas temperature. The thermal efficiency becomes higher as the reaction zone is stabilized closer to the porous medium; then, if reaches the maximum, i.e., 57.5%, under the conditions of the revolution speed of 100rpm, the phase relation angle of 55deg., and the concentration of 2vol.% methane in air. With increasing concentration, the revolution speed attaining the maximum thermal efficiency is shifted to the high-speed side. The thermal efficiency higher than 55% was obtained over a range of the revolution speed from 50 to 250rpm.
Successes and challenges of developing human capital in the People's Republic of China (2009)

As a developing and most populous nation in the world, the People's Republic of China (P.R. China) faces unique challenges and opportunities in developing its tremendous human resources. Since its policy of ‘reform and open-door’ was initiated in the late 1970s, China has moved steadily towards establishing a nationwide policy of developing human capital and adopting practical measures of implementation. The paper identifies key themes of developing human capital at different levels: in government, business and families. The paper also discusses unique historical, social, political and cultural influences on the determination of such national policies and strategies. Different approaches to developing human capital are discussed for different sectors: state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and private-owned business.
Performance of NycoCard:::U-Albumin and Micral-Test rapid methods for detecting microalbuminuria. (1994)

NycoCard:::U-Albumin and Micral-Test semiquantitative methods were evaluated against nephelometric measurements of nightly albumin excretion rates from 159 consecutive diabetic patients. Both methods can be safely applied for screening of intact renal function even at a strict prediction limit for incipient nephropathy of albumin excretion rate = 15 micrograms/min (standardised specimens collected at bed-rest), since the predictive values of negative tests were 95-100% for both tests. Predictive values of positive tests were 38% (NycoCard:::U-Albumin) and 44% (Micral-Test), if the designated value of 10 mg/l was used as the limit of positivity. By using 20 mg/l as the limit, the predictive values of positive tests were 62% (NycoCard:::U-Albumin) and 72% (Micral-Test), indicating the need for quantitative measurements in patients with positive screening results at both these limits.
Graphene Based On-Chip Interconnects and TSVs : Prospects and Challenges (2014)

In the first four decades of the semiconductor industry, the system performance was entirely dependent on transistor delay and power dissipation. With technology scaling, the transistor delay and power dissipation significantly reduced; however, a negative impact on the interconnect performance was realized. The reduction in the cross-sectional area of copper (Cu) interconnects resulted in higher resistivity under the effects of enhanced grain and surface scattering. Moreover, with smaller interconnect dimensions and higher operating frequency, the performance of Cu interconnects is gradually being limited by the electromigration effect, stability, operational bandwidth, and crosstalk. This trend is forcing researchers to find an alternative solution for high-speed very-large-scale integration (VLSI) interconnects.
Large-Scale Roughness Influence on Turbulent Hypersonic Boundary Layers Approaching Compression Corners (1997)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Coupling coefficients for photonic crystal waveguides (2003)

Starting from Maxwell’s equations we derive a new orthogonality relation and a recirpocity theorem for photonic crystal waveguide modes. The orthogonality relation implies an integration over a plain nonparallel to the waveguide direction. This is in contrast to the common orthogonality relations where an integration over the whole photonic crystal is needed. By means of this new orthogonaly relation coupling coefficients between different photonic crystal waveguides as well as photonic crystal waveguides and conventional wavguides are deduced. The considerations are valid for 2D as well as 3D geometries. In the case of monomode waveguides simple quasi-analytical approximations for the reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained, which generalize the well known formulas for coupling between conventional waveguides. The reciprocity theorem can be used for the efficient simulation or even analytical description of photonic crystal waveguides in the presence of arbitrary perturbations. Depending on the kind of perturbation and the number of modes a set of strongly coupled discrete equations for the field amplitudes in the photonic crystal unit cells results. In the frame of this paper we study two problems by means of this theory. First we investigate the transission - reflection - problem of two consecutive photonic crystal waveguides analytically. Furthermore we study the influence of the dispersion of the dielectric function of the photonic crystal material on the band structure. Especially a polariton lead to strong deformation or even a splitting of the band structure close to an optical resonance.
Hox Genes and Segmentation of the Hindbrain and Axial Skeleton (2009)

Segmentation is an important process that is frequently used during development to segregate groups of cells with distinct features. Segmental compartments provide a mechanism for generating and organizing regional properties along an embryonic axis and within tissues. In vertebrates the development of two major systems, the hindbrain and the paraxial mesoderm, displays overt signs of compartmentalization and depends on the process of segmentation for their functional organization. The hindbrain plays a key role in regulating head development, and it is a complex coordination center for motor activity, breathing rhythms, and many unconscious functions. The paraxial mesoderm generates somites, which give rise to the axial skeleton. The cellular processes of segmentation in these two systems depend on ordered patterns of Hox gene expression as a mechanism for generating a combinatorial code that specifies unique identities of the segments and their derivatives. In this review, we compare and contrast the signaling inputs and transcriptional mechanisms by which Hox gene regulatory networks are established during segmentation in these two different systems.
An Instrument for Investigation of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation at Intermediate Angular Scales (1997)

We describe an off-axis microwave telescope for observations of the anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation on angular scales between 0.5 deg and 3 deg. The receiver utilizes cryogenic high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) amplifiers and detects the total power in multiple 3 GHz wide channels. Both frequency and polarization information are recorded allowing discrimination between CMB radiation and potential foreground sources and allowing checks for systematic effects. The instrumental radiometric offset is small (~1 mK). Data are taken by rapidly sampling while sweeping the beam many beamwidths across the sky. After detection, a spatio-temporal filter is formed in software which optimizes the sensitivity in a multipole band in the presence of atmospheric fluctuations. Observations were made from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (SK), Canada during the winter of 1993 with six channels between 27.6 and 34.0 GHz, in 1994 with twelve channels between 27.6 and 44.1 GHz, and in 1995 with six channels between 38.2 and 44.1 GHz. The performance of the instrument and assessment of the atmospheric noise at this site are discussed.
Corneal Bending and Buckling in Tonometry (1961)

The response of our new tonometer, as it is applied to the cornea, traces a typical curve shown in Figure 1. It rises sharply to a first maximum or crest, dips to a first minimum or trough, and then rises again to a central bump or maximum, all as a progressively greater force is applied to the probe to flatten a larger area of the cornea. As the probe is withdrawn, the curve continues essentially symmetrically. This is observed in both human and rabbit eyes. The curve can be interpreted in either or both of 2 ways. One explanation is that the first maximum or crest is an expression of the bending of the cornea at the limit of the applanated area. The height of the first minimum or trough then would give the intraocular pressure for the degree of applanation used. The depth of the trough would be a
Evaluation of Mrna Markers for the Identification of Menstrual Blood (2002)

The detection of epithelial cells in dried bloodstains by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction is based on cell- and tissue-specific gene expression. In this paper mRNA markers suitable for the identification of menstrual blood were evaluated. RNA isolated from autopsy tissue samples including endometrium, vaginal mucosa, and blood were screened for tissue-specific expression patterns using RT-PCR with primers for hormone receptors, intermediate filaments, matrix metalloproteinases, heat shock proteins, cytokines, and growth factors. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) mRNA could be detected in endometrium but not in blood and other epithelia. This was confirmed in further studies with artificial menstrual bloodstains, indicating that the detection of MMP expression in bloodstains may serve as a forensic marker for menstrual blood.
Modeling and simulation of high energy density lithium-ion battery for multiple fault detection (2022)

Lithium-ion battery, a high energy density storage device has extensive applications in electrical and electronic gadgets, computers, hybrid electric vehicles, and electric vehicles. This paper presents multiple fault detection of lithium-ion battery using two non-linear Kalman filters. A discrete non-linear mathematical model of lithium ion battery has been developed and Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is employed to estimate the model parameter. Occurrences of multiple faults such as over-charge, over-discharge and short circuit faults between inter cell power batteries, affects the parameter variation of system model. Parallel combinations of some UKF (bank of filters) compare the model parameter variation between the normal and faulty situation and generates residual signal indicating different fault. Simulation results of multiple numbers of statistical tests have been performed for residual based fault diagnosis and threshold calculation. The performance of UKF is then compared with Extended Kalman filter (EKF) with same battery model and fault scenario. The simulation result proves that UKF model responses better and quicker than that of EKF for fault diagnosis.
Atomic-resolution imaging of size-selected platinum clusters on TiO2(110) surfaces (2009)

Size-selected Pt(n) (n=4,7-10,15) clusters were deposited on TiO(2)(110)-(1x1) surfaces and imaged at atomic resolution using an ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscope with a carbon nanotube tip. Clusters smaller than Pt(7) lay flat on the surface with a planar structure and a planar-to-three-dimensional transition occurred at n=8 for Pt(n) clusters on TiO(2). However, both Pt(8) and Pt(9) had two types of geometric structures. The geometric structures depend strongly on the number of atoms in the deposited cluster possibly because of the differences in binding energies in different-sized clusters and different degrees of interaction with the surface. We obtained atomic-resolution images of size-selected clusters on surfaces for the first time, enabling the identification of atomic alignments in the clusters on the surface.
Understanding the need for anti-corona materials in high voltage rotating machines (2002)

As operating stresses in high voltage motors and generators increase, the importance of using the correct conductive and stress grading tapes also increases. Surprisingly, neither national nor international standards exist for this aspect of rotating machine technology. This paper describes tests carried out to simulate practical conditions which exist on coils and bars made using both Resin-Rich and VPI technology. It also gives recommendations on how the tapes should be applied and how measurements should be made.
Power catering with a non-contact single wire (2014)

A new disk repeater can deliver power highly efficiently, being integrated into the resonator coupling type WPT system. Thus, we will demonstrate 2 useful examples in order to show the benefits of the disk repeater.
Pathway Analysis within Multiple Human Ancestries Reveals Novel Signals for Epistasis in Complex Traits (2020)

Abstract Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified thousands of significant genetic associations in humans across a number of complex traits. However, the majority of these studies focus on linear additive relationships between genotypic and phenotypic variation. Epistasis, or non-additive genetic interactions, has been identified as a major driver of both complex trait architecture and evolution in multiple model organisms; yet, this same phenomenon is not considered to be a significant factor underlying human complex traits. There are two possible reasons for this assumption. First, most large GWA studies are conducted solely with European cohorts; therefore, our understanding of broad-sense heritability for many complex traits is limited to just one ancestry group. Second, current epistasis mapping methods commonly identify significant genetic interactions by exhaustively searching across all possible pairs of SNPs. In these frameworks, estimated epistatic effects size are often small and power can be low due to the multiple testing burden. Here, we present a case study that uses a novel region-based mapping approach to analyze sets of variants for the presence of epistatic effects across six diverse subgroups within the UK Biobank. We refer to this method as the “MArginal ePIstasis Test for Regions” or MAPIT-R. Even with limited sample sizes, we find a total of 245 pathways within the KEGG and REACTOME databases that are significantly enriched for epistatic effects in height and body mass index (BMI), with 67% of these pathways being detected within individuals of African ancestry. As a secondary analysis, we introduce a novel region-based “leave-one-out” approach to localize pathway-level epistatic signals to specific interacting genes in BMI. Overall, our results indicate that non-European ancestry populations may be better suited for the discovery of non-additive genetic variation in human complex traits — further underscoring the need for publicly available, biobank-sized datasets of diverse groups of individuals.
Image Registration in Hough Space Using Gradient of Images (2007)

We present an accurate and fast method for rigid registration of images with large non-overlapping areas using a Hough transformation of image gradients. The Hough space representation of gradients can be used to separate estimation of the rotation parameter from the translation. It also allows us to estimate transformation parameters for 2D images over a 1D space, hence reducing the computational complexity. The cost functions in the Hough domain have larger capture ranges compared to the cost functions in the intensity domain. This allows the optimization to converge better in the presence of large misalignments. We show that the combination of estimating registration parameters in the Hough domain and fine tuning the results in the intensity domain significantly improves performance of the application compared to the conventional intensitybased multi-resolution methods.
Standard Reference Materials : (1980)

This publication describes in detail the selection, production, testing, and certification of the semi-transparent evaporated metal-onfused silica filters as a Standard Reference Material for spectrophotometry.
Study on Optimization Design of Carbody Structure of High-speed Maglev Train (2007)

High-degree lightweight design is one of the key techniques for the high speed maglev train with the sandwich panel structure.On the basis of analyses and comparisons of multiple sandwich panel modeling methods,the modeling method adapted to suit FEM of the large-scale sandwich panel structure is studied,and it is able to achieve high accuracy and economy.An optimized design model of the high speed maglev car is established according to the structure optimization theory,in which the minimum weight of the car body structure is the objective function,the panel thickness is the variable,and the stress, deflection and natural frequency are the constraints.A satisfied design layout of the structure for high speed maglev train is obtained via optimization.
Anti‐myelin basic protein and anti‐proteolipid protein specific forms of multiple sclerosis (1994)

Human myelin basic protein (hMBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP) were used as antigens in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay to determine relative frequencies of anti-MBP and anti-PLP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Forty-nine of 55 patients with optic neuritis had increased CSF anti-MBP and the remaining 6 had increased anti-PLP. Of 385 MS patients, MS relapse: 173 of 180 patients had increased anti-MBP, 5 of the remaining 7 patients had elevated anti-PLP, and 2 had neither of these autoantibodies. Progressive MS: 111 of 116 patients had increased anti-MBP in either free and/or bound form, of the remaining 5 patients 4 had increased anti-PLP, and 1 had neither anti-MBP nor anti-PLP. MS remission: 15 of 87 patients had somewhat increased anti-MBP, none had anti-PLP. IgG was purified by affinity chromatography from necropsy central nervous system (CNS) tissue samples of 4 individual patients with clinically definite and neuropathologically confirmed MS. Three of these 4 patients who had increased levels of CSF anti-MBP also had increased anti-MBP titers in CNS tissue-extracted IgG. The fourth patient who had anti-PLP in CSF also had anti-PLP in brain tissue IgG. These autoantibodies were not detected simultaneously in any patient. These results suggest that there are at least two immunologically distinct forms of MS, i.e., a common form highly associated with anti-MBP and more frequent prominent inflammatory characteristics in CSF and CNS, and an infrequent form associated with anti-PLP in CSF and tissue, and less abundant inflammation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Experimental investigation on the behavior of a tall and slender building placed in a turbulent boundary layer (2017)

The aim of this paper is to present a detailed method for investigating the behavior of a tall and slender building subjected to turbulent wind action. The main objective of the study is to provide a calculation method of the dynamic response based on the wind tunnel experimental tests results, in orders to achieve a clear image of wind effects on such buildings. Wind tunnel tests were performed on an existing 1:500 scale aeroelastic model at the Aerodynamics and Wind Engineering Laboratory “Constantin lamandi” (LAIV) from the Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest (UTCB), which reproduces the full-scale structure of a television tower. The investigation highlights the ability of the method to make a correlation between the dominant frequencies of the vortices of the incident wind and the dominant vibration modes of the building.
Subthreshold Carrier-LO Phonon Dynamics in Semiconductors with Intermediate Polaron Coupling: A Purely Quantum Kinetic Relaxation Channel (2001)

Femtosecond transmission spectra of highly polar CdTe are compared to more covalent GaAs contrasting semiclassical kinetics with two-time quantum kinetics based on the Dyson equation. Nonequilibrium heavy holes in CdTe show ultrafast energy redistribution via the Fröhlich mechanism even if photoexcited below the LO phonon energy. This subthreshold relaxation is a genuine quantum kinetic effect. It gains importance if the polaron self-energy is comparable to the phonon energy. Conservation of the free-particle energies is not required under these conditions.
Development of composite fiber-optic electric-power umbilical cable and optical feedthrough for deep ocean mining (1983)

Abstract : The development of mining systems for mineral resources from deep ocean floors is now progressing in many countries. In Japan, the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, has conducted research and development for a manganese nodule mining system. In this project, it is planned to use a new composite fiber-optic electric-power umbilical cable for electrical power and control signal transmission from a main vessel to subsea equipment such as lifting pumps and collecting devices at about 5,000 meters' depth. The umbilical cable system is required to have good resistance to repetitive bending, twisting, and other external forces and to be able to withstand water pressure of up to 550kgf/sq cm. A 100m-long sample umbilical cable, electrical connectors, and optical feedthroughs for this system have been developed and successfully passed mechanical, electrical, and optical tests. (Author)
Deconjugation-alkylation of ethyl 3-(trimethylstannyl)-2-alkenoates. Stereocontrolled synthesis of ethyl 2-alkylidene-3-methylenecyclobutanecarboxylates (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeconjugation-alkylation of ethyl 3-(trimethylstannyl)-2-alkenoates. Stereocontrolled synthesis of ethyl 2-alkylidene-3-methylenecyclobutanecarboxylatesEdward Piers and Yee Fung LuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 4, 926–927Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00239a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00239a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts