gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiviral strategies in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: II. Inhibition of duck hepatitis B Virus in vitro using conventional antiviral agents and supercoiled‐DNA active compounds (1990)

Primary duck hepatocyte (PDH) cultures, congenitally infected with the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), were grown on feeder cell layers of irradiated human embryonic lung fibroblasts and then exposed to a number of compounds with recognized or potential antiviral activity. These compounds included conventional antiviral agents, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, compounds with activity to supercoiled-DNA, and DNA-binding agents. Twenty-three compounds were evaluated, and 13 were found to inhibit significantly viral DNA replication. Seven of these compounds (ellipticine, amsacrine, coumermycin A1, Adriamycin, mitozantrone, chloroquine, and neocarzinostatin) acted at the level of viral SC DNA and significantly inhibited production of duck hepatitis B surface antigen (DHBsAg). Conventional agents that inhibited DHBV DNA replication included ganciclovir, acyclovir, bromovinyldeoxyuridine, ribavirin, phosphonoformate, and dideoxyadenosine. Except for dideoxyadenosine, these inhibitors of viral DNA synthesis did not significantly inhibit DHBsAg production. Two additional compounds, novobiocin and nalidixic acid, altered the pattern of viral DNA replication, especially the generation and processing of viral SC DNA, and also inhibited the production of DHBsAg. Several compounds acting at the level of viral SC DNA have now been identified and may offer potential for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
Secure data deduplication (2008)

As the world moves to digital storage for archival purposes, there is an increasing demand for systems that can provide secure data storage in a cost-effective manner. By identifying common chunks of data both within and between files and storing them only once, deduplication can yield cost savings by increasing the utility of a given amount of storage. Unfortunately, deduplication exploits identical content, while encryption attempts to make all content appear random; the same content encrypted with two different keys results in very different ciphertext. Thus, combining the space efficiency of deduplication with the secrecy aspects of encryption is problematic.
Spatiotemporal Mobility Prediction in Proactive Self-Organizing Cellular Networks (2016)

Mobility prediction, one of the key enablers of proactive self-organizing networks, aims at efficient management of future cellular networks, which are envisaged to be extremely dense and complex due to conglomeration of diverse technologies. This paves the way for resource reservation prior to actual handover for seamless handover experience and for forecasting user traffic distribution. In this letter, we have utilized semi-Markov model for spatiotemporal mobility prediction coupled with steady state and gain analysis in cellular networks. Maximum prediction accuracy of 90% is achieved in the experimental evaluation leveraging on the real network traces generated by smartphone application.
Technology refreshment strategy and plan for application in military systems a "How-to systems development process" and linkage with CAIV (2002)

Most customers demand the maximum performance for the minimum acquisition cost, thus the old adage, "I want the most bang for my buck." The US Military has historically paid high and even exorbitant prices in order to have a specific set of requirements met. Certainly not the "most" bang for the buck. In fact, frequently a system was obsolete the day it was fielded! However, the repercussions from Acquisition Reform have forced a new way of thinking such as performance-based requirements, open systems architectures, leveraging commercial-based products (such as fielding unmodified commercial laptop computers into battle-ready situations) and even migrating away from ADA requirements for software development. With the use of open standards, commercial technologies and commercial products, how is the Operation and Support Phase of these new age systems affected? What can be done with the existing Legacy and Non-developmental Item (NDI) systems? COTS seems hard to manage and impossible to control, how can the system stay operationally effective and viable? This paper addresses a tangible "How-to" process for creating a Technology Refreshment Strategy (applicable to Legacy, NDI and COTS-based systems), then the development of a evolutionary Technology Refreshment Plan that sets a vision for the Operation and Support of a fielded system solution. This Technology Refreshment Plan then feeds a Cost As an Independent Variable (CAIV) process that will be able to yield an accurate and manageable Total Ownership Cost (TOC) calculation. The focus today is on TOC, not just acquisition (or even production) cost. Here is where the feedback to the Systems Design and Development Process occurs. Once this model is set and tailored for a given set of customer requirements and reality, then the model can support trade study analyses in a consistent manner, and truly drive affordability, thus maximizing the biggest 'performance bang' for the 'development buck'.
An Efficient And Secure Approach For Home Automation System Using Google Android (2012)

This paper gives the potential for remote controlled operation of investigation of home automation systems. It considers problem with their implementation, discusses possible solutions through various network technologies and indicates how to optimize the use of such systems. The home is an heterogeneous, distributed computing environment eternal, which certainly requires a careful study before developing any suitable Home Automation System (HAS) that will accomplish its requirements. The latest attempts at in actual home introducing Home Automation Systems. All kinds of users are home autonomous systems starting to be successful thanks. That is lowering the prices and making devices more useful and easier to use for the end user continuous standardization process. Even so several important issues are always to be handled strictly before developing and installing a Home Automation System; factors like reliability, robustness, security, usefulness, and price are critical to determine. The final product will expect requirements is accomplished.
A study of Toxoplasma infection in chickens and cats on a family farm. (1965)

Presumptive evidence of toxoplasmosis was obtained following histological and serological studies of tissues from chickens and cats kept on a family farm. This was confirmed by transmission of the infection to experimental laboratory animals and back to chickens. The significance of the low grade serological reaction in one of the persons living on the farm was not clear.
A sound-based crowd activity recognition with neural network based regression models (2020)

Activities performed by humans can be recognized by the sound they emit while being performed, hence, researchers have proposed methods that use sound to recognize human activities, by detecting the presence of sound events in short time frames. However, in crowded environments, many sound events overlap making it impossible to distinguish the individual events and methods of detection to fail.
On Optimal Power Allocation for Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Systems (2017)

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) enables power-domain multiplexing via successive interference cancellation (SIC) and has been viewed as a promising technology for 5G communication. The full benefit of NOMA depends on resource allocation, including power allocation and channel assignment, for all users, which, however, leads to mixed integer programs. In the literature, the optimal power allocation has only been found in some special cases, while the joint optimization of power allocation and channel assignment generally requires exhaustive search. In this paper, we investigate resource allocation in downlink NOMA systems. As the main contribution, we analytically characterize the optimal power allocation with given channel assignment over multiple channels under different performance criteria. Specifically, we consider the maximin fairness, weighted sum rate maximization, sum rate maximization with quality of service (QoS) constraints, and energy efficiency maximization with weights or QoS constraints in NOMA systems. We also take explicitly into account the order constraints on the powers of the users on each channel, which are often ignored in the existing works, and show that they have a significant impact on SIC in NOMA systems. Then, we provide the optimal power allocation for the considered criteria in closed or semi-closed form. We also propose a low-complexity efficient method to jointly optimize channel assignment and power allocation in NOMA systems by incorporating the matching algorithm with the optimal power allocation. Simulation results show that the joint resource optimization using our optimal power allocation yields better performance than the existing schemes.
The functionalization of nanodiamonds (diamondoids) as a key parameter of their easily controlled self-assembly in micro- and nanocrystals from the vapor phase (2014)

We detail herein readily accessible processes to control previously unobserved robust self-assemblies of nanodiamonds (diamondoids) in micro- and nanocrystals from their mild vapor deposition. The chemical functionalization of uniform and discernible nanodiamonds was found to be a key parameter, and depending on the type of functional group (hydroxy, fluorine, etc.) and its position on the diamondoid, the structure of the discrete deposits can vary dramatically. Thus, well-defined anisotropic structures such as rod, needle, triangle or truncated octahedron shapes can be obtained, and self-assembled edifices of sizes ranging from 20 nm to several hundred micrometers formed with conservation of a similar structure for a given diamondoid. Key thermodynamic data including sublimation enthalpy of diamondoid derivatives are reported, and the SEM of the self-assemblies coupled with EDX analyses and XRD attest the nature and purity of nanodiamond crystal deposits. This attractive method is simple and outperforms in terms of deposit quality dip-coating methods we used. This vapor phase deposition approach is expected to allow for an easy formation of diamondoid nanoobjects on different types of substrates.
Preparation, Purification, and Use of Fatty Acid-containing Liposomes (2018)

Liposomes containing single-chain amphiphiles, particularly fatty acids, exhibit distinct properties compared to those containing diacylphospholipids due to the unique chemical properties of these amphiphiles. In particular, fatty acid liposomes enhance dynamic character, due to the relatively high solubility of single-chain amphiphiles. Similarly, liposomes containing free fatty acids are more sensitive to salt and divalent cations, due to the strong interactions between the carboxylic acid head groups and metal ions. Here we illustrate techniques for preparation, purification, and use of liposomes comprised in part or whole of single chain amphiphiles (e.g., oleic acids).
Narrow-band modulation of semiconductor lasers at millimeter wave frequencies (&lt;100 GHz) by mode locking (1990)

The possibility of mode locking a semiconductor laser at millimeter wave frequencies approaching and beyond 100 GHz was investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is found that there are no fundamental theoretical limitations in mode locking at frequencies below 100 GHz. At these high frequencies, only a few modes are locked and the output usually takes the form of a deep sinusoidal modulation which is synchronized in phase with the externally applied modulation at the intermodal heat frequency. This can be regarded for practical purposes as a highly efficient means of directly modulating an optical carrier over a narrow band at millimeter wave frequencies. Both active and passive mode locking are theoretically possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Targeted Decationized Polyplexes for siRNA Delivery (2014)

The applicability of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in future therapies depends on the availability of safe and efficient carrier systems. Ideally, siRNA delivery requires a system that is stable in the circulation but upon specific uptake into target cells can rapidly release its cargo into the cytoplasm. Previously, we evaluated a novel generation of carrier systems ("decationized" polyplexes) for DNA delivery, and it was shown that folate targeted decationized polyplexes had an excellent safety profile and showed intracellular triggered release upon cell specific uptake. Targeted decationized polyplexes consist of a core of disulfide cross-linked poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylamide) (pHPMA) stably entrapping nucleic acids and a shell of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) decorated with folate molecules. In the present study, the applicability of folate targeted decationized polyplexes for siRNA delivery was investigated. This required optimization of the carrier system particularly regarding the cross-linking density of the core of the polyplexes. Stable and nanosized siRNA decationized polyplexes were successfully prepared by optimizing the cross-link density of their core. Upon incubation in human plasma, a significant portion of siRNA remained entrapped in the decationized polyplexes as determined by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). When tested in a folate receptor overexpressing cell line stably expressing luciferase, Skov3-luc, sequence specific gene silencing was observed. As expected, neither interference on the intrinsic luciferase expression nor on the cell metabolic activity (determined by XTT) was induced by the free-polymer or the siRNA polyplexes. In conclusion, targeted decationized polyplexes are safe and stable carriers that interact with the targeted cells and rapidly disassemble upon cell entry making them promising siRNA delivery systems.
Origin of the vanishing critical thickness for ferroelectricity in free-standing PbTiO3 ultrathin films from first principles (2013)

Theoretical investigations in earlier literatures have shown that there is no critical thickness for ferroelectricity existing in the free-standing PbTiO3 ultrathin films. In this work, we report the origin of the vanishing critical thickness by comparing the properties of PbTiO3 and BaTiO3 ultrathin films based on ab initio investigations. Attributing to the covalency of the Pb-O bond, spontaneous strain gradient appears in the PbTiO3 ultrathin films, which breaks the inversion symmetry and makes the ferroelectric polarizations be sustained.
Modal expansion absorbing boundary conditions for two-dimensional electromagnetic scattering (1993)

A novel absorbing boundary condition is developed using modal expansion basis functions. The main advantage of this procedure is that it is more accurate than the boundary condition proposed by A. Bayliss and E. Turkel (1982) when the boundary is very close to the scatterer. The modal expansion absorbing boundary condition is accurate with both circular and noncircular boundaries, and preserves the symmetry of the global matrices when combined with the finite-element method (FEM). Numerical tests show that for typical applications, the accuracy of the near field is within 4% of analytical values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effective Preparation of Nanoscale CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Photosensitizers for Mesoporous TiO2‐Based Solar Cells by Successive Precursor Layer Adsorption and Reaction Process (2019)

Nanoscale CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite sensitizers are grown by delivering each precursor successively onto the surface of mesoporous (meso) TiO 2 electrodes. Using Pb(NO 3 ) 2 ions as a lead(II) source and CH 3 NH 3 I (MAI) for methylammonium and iodide sources, repetitive cycles of the two dipping steps are successful in growing few nanometer‐sized MAPbI 3 gradually on the TiO 2 surface inside the meso‐TiO 2 film. However, some aggregates are observed on the top surface of the meso‐TiO 2 film due to slight dissolution of PbI 2 and its accumulation/reaction with MAI at the top surface of the meso‐TiO 2 film. To solve this inhomogeneity of the deposition, a nondestructive multiple deposition route for nanoscale MAPbI 3 is suggested as a successive precursor layer adsorption and reaction (SPLAR) process where, from the second cycle of deposition, PbI 2 is delivered with the help of an ionic liquid compound dissolved in dichloromethane. With this new Pb precursor in less‐polar solvents, nanoscale MAPbI 3 sensitizers are grown without dissolution of preformed perovskites or formation of some aggregates at the top surface. After the third cycle of SPLAR deposition, about 7.0 nm–sized MAPbI 3 sensitizers are prepared and display enhanced photovoltaic performance (7.18 ± 0.31%) compared with devices obtained from only one cycle (5.74 ± 0.30%).
Detection of Intracardiac Blood Flow by Pulsed Echo-Ranging Ultrasound (1971)

Intracardiac echoes can be derived from the blood in the cardiac chambers, using pulsed echoranging techniques. The physiological origin of these echoes has been established by showing patterns of changing echo intensity that are related to the cardiac cycle. It appears that circulating microbubbles are the most likely source and that they are produced by stable cavitation.
UNDERSTANDING AND TACKLING THE TUMOR-IMMUNE CELL DIALOGUE DURING PROGRESSION AND THERAPEUTIC RESISTANCE (2014)

BACKGROUND: Cancers are heterogeneous entities in which tumor cell populations as well as distinct host cell constituents form a dynamic and interactive tumor community that is pivotal not only for the genesis and progression of a tumor but also for the tumor's ability to resist therapeutic elimination. METHODS: We have been using a combination of genetic screening and coculture systems, as well as genetic and pharmacological approaches to functional elicit paracrine factors from tumor and immune cell compartments that convey GBM progression and resistance. RESULTS: We found that GBM tumor cells dependent on their subtype send out specific signals to immune cells that in turn respond by secreting prosurvival and proinvasive factors. Disrupting the communication between innate immune cells and tumor cells in mesenchymal GBM by targeting PI3Kgamma in immune cells blocked the communication to tumor cells, promoted polarization and antitumor activity and inhibited tumor invasion and growth and sensitized therapeutic approaches. CONCLUSIONS: Leveraging from these results, it is our intention to identify appropriate combinatorial treatment modalities that interfere with these compensatory feedback loops and help to develop an adequate polytherapy that is tailored to more successfully impede therapeutic resistance and prolong survival in the distinct GBM subtypes. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Preclinical Experimental Therapeutics.
Mushroom Host Influence on <I>Lycoriella mali</I> (Diptera: Sciaridae) Life Cycle (2005)

Lycoriella mali Fitch (Diptera: Sciaridae) infests mushroom crops early in the crop cycle. Recent observations in mushroom houses indicated a difference in emergence time and size of adult L. mali developing on various strains of commercial mushrooms. Samples of adult flies from isolated mushroom houses growing Portabella mushrooms were significantly heavier then those from oyster mushroom houses, whereas flies from shiitake mushroom houses were lightest in weight. Flies collected from isolated Portabella mushroom houses were reared on four strains and species of Agaricus and Pleurotus mushrooms. After the adults emerged, females were weighed, mated, and allowed to oviposit. The number of eggs laid increased as the weight of the female increased. Flies collected from isolated Portabella mushroom houses were reared on eight strains and species of mushrooms. Flies were reared for four generations on each host mushroom mycelium then switched to different host mushrooms. Overall, the hybrid strain of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach (Agaricales: Agaricomycetideae) was the most favorable host for L. mali, whereas the wild strain of A. bisporus was the least favorable host. Mushroom hosts influence developmental time, survivorship, weight, and reproduction of L. mali.
Direct bleaching of a Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber in a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (2018)

In this work, the anisotropy of nonlinear absorption in a crystal Q-switch was considered when we established coupled rate equations of a passively Q-switched laser. A [100]-cut Cr<sup>4+</sup>:YAG crystal, with initial transmission T<sub>0</sub>=40%, was used as the Q-switch to evaluate the theoretical model, and the results of the simulation were in good accordance with the experiment. In order to control timing jitter of the passively Q-switched laser, an actively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was applied to directly bleach the [100]-cut Cr<sup>4+</sup>:YAG crystal. The timing jitter was more than 1 μs without bleaching light. While there was a bleaching light, the time lag between the laser pulse and the bleaching light was less than 100 ns, which meant the timing jitter decreased. The pulse width of the passively Q-switched laser was found to decrease from 45 to 35 ns due to the existing of bleaching light. As the peak power of bleaching light was increased, the laser pulse energy increased from 18.2 to 24.6 mJ, which meant a 35% increment in the pulse energy. The increase in pulse energy can be explained by the increase of α coefficient, and the results of simulation agreed well with the experiment.
Introduction to the Engineering Acoustics technical committee. (2011)

“Engineering acoustics encompasses the theory and practice of creating tools for investigating acoustical phenomena and applying knowledge of acoustics to practical utility”; thus opens the newly revised scope statement for the engineering acoustics TC, which was an occasion of some sole-searching in our group. The former scope had us pigeon-holed as “transducer guys.” While transduction is an important aspect of our field, this limited definition undermined the true role of engineering as an art common across and necessary for all other scientific endeavors. Behind every scientific discovery is a rack of test gear, and in front is a practical application of that discovery. This is what we do; we are the toolmakers, the designers, and the architects of acoustics.
Modelling Diversity of Solutions (2020)

For many combinatorial problems, finding a single solution is not enough. This is clearly the case for multi-objective optimization problems, as they have no single “best solution” and, thus, it is useful to find a representation of the non-dominated solutions (the Pareto frontier). However, it also applies to single objective optimization problems, where one may be interested in finding several (close to) optimal solutions that illustrate some form of diversity. The same applies to satisfaction problems. This is because models usually idealize the problem in some way, and a diverse pool of solutions may provide a better choice with respect to considerations that are omitted or simplified in the model. This paper describes a general framework for finding k diverse solutions to a combinatorial problem (be it satisfaction, single-objective or multi-objective), various approaches to solve problems in the framework, their implementations, and an experimental evaluation of their practicality.
Functional bracing of ACL injuries: current state and future directions (2013)

III.
Reduction of spondylolisthesis (2002)

In this article the authors discuss the syndrome of isthmic spondylolisthesis occurring at the lumbosacral junction in adults, providing a description of the clinical syndrome, altered biomechanics, and imaging characteristics. The authors pose arguments in favor of reduction and instrument-assisted fusion. Their surgical technique is detailed. They describe transsacral interbody fusion in which fibular allograft and in situ fixation are used, which they consider the second-best alternative technique when attempts at reduction fail.