gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloud Mobile Media: Reflections and Outlook (2014)

This paper surveys the emerging paradigm of cloud mobile media. We start with two alternative perspectives for cloud mobile media networks: an end-to-end view and a layered view. Summaries of existing research in this area are organized according to the layered service framework: i) cloud resource management and control in infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), ii) cloud-based media services in platform-as-a-service (PaaS), and iii) novel cloud-based systems and applications in software-as-a-service (SaaS). We further substantiate our proposed design principles for cloud-based mobile media using a concrete case study: a cloud-centric media platform (CCMP) developed at Nanyang Technological University. Finally, this paper concludes with an outlook of open research problems for realizing the vision of cloud-based mobile media.
Single dose methotrexate therapy: application to interstitial ectopic pregnancy (1998)

A woman with a small (6-mm gestational sac) interstitial pregnancy had complete resolution after medical therapy alone. A single cycle of methotrexate 50 mg/m2 was used as outpatient treatment without any operative procedure either for diagnosis or intervention. The guidelines that have evolved for selection of women for single dose methotrexate treatment for both intrauterine and tubal ectopic pregnancies may be applicable to interstitial ectopic pregnancy as well. A suggested framework for treatment decisions is presented.
Design-for-Test of Asynchronous Networks-on-Chip (2006)

Thanks to many advantages, asynchronous circuits have been used to solve the interconnect problems faced by system-on-chip (SoC) designers. Some asynchronous networks-on-chip (NoCs) architectures are proposed for the communication within SoCs, but lack methodology and support for manufacturing test to ensure these communication architectures work correctly. We present an innovative asynchronous DfT architecture that allows to test the asynchronous communication network architectures, as well as the synchronous computing resources and the asynchronous/synchronous network interfaces on the asynchronous NoC-based SoCs. This asynchronous DfT architecture is implemented in quasi delay insensitive (QDI) asynchronous circuits and uses an area of about 20 * 8 Kgates in an asynchronous NoC-based SoC of 4.5 Mgates without memories.
Biofuel production by semi-continuous codigestion of waste activated sludge and fatty wastewaters (2010)

International audience
Robotic motion planning in dynamic, cluttered, uncertain environments (2010)

This paper presents a strategy for planning robot motions in dynamic, cluttered, and uncertain environments. Successful and efficient operation in such environments requires reasoning about the future system evolution and the uncertainty associated with obstacles and moving agents in the environment. This paper presents a novel procedure to account for future information gathering (and the quality of that information) in the planning process. After first presenting a formal Dynamic Programming (DP) formulation, we present a Partially Closed-loop Receding Horizon Control algorithm whose approximation to the DP solution integrates prediction, estimation, and planning while also accounting for chance constraints that arise from the uncertain location of the robot and other moving agents. Simulation results in simple static and dynamic scenarios illustrate the benefit of the algorithm over classical approaches.
Dry eye disease, dry eye symptoms and depression: the Beijing Eye Study (2013)

In an older population from Beijing, depression was associated with DED and in particular with dry eye symptoms.
Injecting the how into the what: investigating a finite classical logic (2008)

Computer scientists routinely design algorithms to efficiently solve problems found in nature. The resulting algorithms en-capsulate the original problem as well as extra information about how to solve that problem; thus, nature’s original de-scription that says what the problem is has been augmented with information about how to solve it. In this paper, we in-vestigate the automation of this process by concentrating on declarative languages, arguing that certain classes of declara-tive languages encode more information about how to solve a problem than others, and demonstrating techniques for auto-matically translating between two languages separated in the what-to-how spectrum.
CPEB4 Knockout Mice Exhibit Normal Hippocampus-Related Synaptic Plasticity and Memory (2013)

Regulated RNA translation is critical to provide proteins needed to maintain persistent modification of synaptic strength, which underlies the molecular basis of long-term memory (LTM). Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding proteins (CPEBs) are sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins and regulate translation in various tissues. All four CPEBs in vertebrates are expressed in the brain, including the hippocampal neurons, suggesting their potential roles in translation-dependent plasticity and memory. Although CPEB1 and CPEB3 have been shown to control specific kinds of hippocampus-related LTM, the role of CPEB2 and CPEB4 in learning and memory remains elusive. Thus, we generated CPEB4 knockout (KO) mice and analyzed them using several behavioral tests. No difference was found in the anxiety level, motor coordination, hippocampus-dependent learning and memory between the KO mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates. Electrophysiological recordings of multiple forms of synaptic plasticity in the Schaffer collateral pathway-CA1 neurons also showed normal responses in the KO hippocampal slices. Morphological analyses revealed that the CPEB4-lacking pyramidal neurons possessed slightly elongated dendritic spines. Unlike its related family members, CPEB1 and CPEB3, CPEB4 seems to be dispensable for hippocampus-dependent plasticity, learning and memory.
Variable Compression Pistons (1990)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper traces the historical development of the BICERI variable compression ratio piston and its use in a number of engines. In early petrol experiments a variable compression piston covering the range from 6.5:1 to 16.5:1 showed significant efficiency improvements on 70 octane petrol. In the diesel engine field, Teledyne Continental increased the power of a V12 direct injection tank engine from 550 hp (30 hp per litre) to 1475hp (80 hp per litre) retaining the original crankcase and structure. At BICERI the output of a supercharged research engine was increased to 40 bar bmep with a peak cylinder pressure of only 165 bar.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Military application lapsed with the preference for gas turbine engines, but the time is now right to explore the capabilities of variable compression within the wider automotive scene. Volkswagen have been working on a variable compression engine and have shown fuel consumption improvements up to 13% together with lower emissions. Mercedes have also been working with Mahle, and in a recent SAE paper showed 9% improvement in fuel consumption together with lower emissions particularly during the start-up phase.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The paper concludes by looking at the long-term potential and verbal presentation will be made of possible future development trends.&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Deposition and Stripping of Copper, Nickel and Copper Nickel Alloy Thin Films at a Polycrystalline Gold Surface: A Combined Voltammetry‐Coulometry‐Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microgravimetry ( EQCM) Study. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SAP and SLAM expression in anti-CD3 activated lymphocytes correlates with cytotoxic activity (2005)

Signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP) is a small protein that is mutant in humans with X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP) disease. Patients with XLP disease are affected by fatal EBV infection and malignant B-cell lymphomas. The increased risk for B-cell lymphomas is suggested to result from impaired immunosurveillance of B-cell proliferation by T cells. In this study, we investigated the role of SLAM and SAP in activation of effector cells with cytotoxic activity, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, which are generated by non-specific stimulation of the TCR and addition of exogenous IL-2. Agonistic TCR activation 1 day after preparation (day +1) resulted in cell activation, with a peak of SLAM on day +6 visible at both the protein and mRNA level as well as membrane detectable SLAM. This increase in SLAM expression correlated significantly with SAP expression at the mRNA level as well as at the protein level. Cytotoxic activity peaked 1 day after the observed SAP and SLAM peaks. At that point in time, IL-10 secretion, which was high during the early days of culture, decreased. In conclusion, activation of peripheral blood cells with agonistic anti-CD3 antibody and exogenous IL-2, as used for generation of CIK cells, results in significant SLAM and SAP activation 5 days after TCR stimulation. This peak correlates with cytotoxic activity against tumour cells. Expression of SLAM and SAP seems to be important in the activation of cytotoxic effector cells.
Reducing Soot Emissions in a Diesel Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using a Power Rate Constraint Map (2014)

This paper considers a diesel series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) and proposes the utilization of an engine-generator power rate constraint map to reduce soot emissions without a significant compromise in fuel economy. Specifically, model predictive control (MPC) is used to split the vehicle power demand between the engine-generator unit and the battery. To achieve a reduction in soot, the engine-generator power rate is constrained. Unlike existing strategies, the power rate limit is not a fixed value but varies, depending on the power level, resulting in a map. This constraint map is designed by formulating the soot emission reduction problem as an optimization problem, which is solved through a three-step offline discrete optimization process. The optimization relies on a quasi-static soot emissions map that captures the trends, even during transients, but underestimates the magnitudes. Therefore, to evaluate the performance of the MPC-based power management with the power rate constraint map, experiments are conducted through an engine-in-the-loop simulation framework. Experimental results show that compared with a constant power rate constraint, soot emissions can be reduced by 44.5% while compromising fuel economy by only 0.3% through the proposed approach. As a tradeoff, the ampere-hour (Ah) processed in the battery, which is a variable that has been shown to correlate with battery capacity loss, increases by 5.5%.
In the autophagy trenches: The early research career of Russell L. Deter (2008)

Christian de Duve is considered to be one of the founding fathers of autophagy. After all, he coined the term, and he played an instrumental role in the discovery of the lysosome, for which he received the Nobel Prize. There is no question that de Duve is a stellar scientist, but who was the person in the trenches, doing the actual laboratory work in the lab that led to the initial papers on autophagy? Dr. Russell L. Deter wrote the first papers from the de Duve lab that deal with this topic. To get some insight into the origins of this field, I interviewed Dr. Deter, as detailed in this perspective.
Nanopore foams of high temperature polymers (1992)

A method of generating high-temperature polymer foams with pore sizes in the nanometer regime was developed. The nanofoams were prepared by casting a block copolymer comprising a thermally stable and a thermally labile block, followed by a subsequent thermal treatment to degrade the labile material and generate the pores. The morphology of the block copolymer film was made up of a high-temperature polymer matrix, with the labile component as the dispersed phase. Thermolysis of the labile block affords pores where the size and shape of the pores are dictated by the initial copolymer morphology. Nanopore foam formation is described for triblock copolymers of poly(phenylquinoxaline) (PPQ) with poly(propylene oxide) (PO) as the labile block. Foam formation led to a 10-15% reduction in density, consistent with the PO composition, and a dielectric constant as low as 2.3. SAXS and TEM measurements indicated pore sizes of approximately 10 nm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Toxicokinetics in aquatic systems: Model comparisons and use in hazard assessment (1992)

Abstract Toxicokinetic models are not constrained by assumptions of equilibrium as are thermodynamic (equilibrium-partitioning) models and are more accurate predictors of toxicant accumulation for non-steady-state exposures and multiple uptake routes. Toxicokinetic models – compartment-based models, physiological-based models, and energetics-based models – are reviewed and the different mathematical formalisms compared. Additionally, the residue-based toxicity approach is reviewed. Coupling toxicokinetic models with tissue concentrations at which toxicity occurs offers a direct link between exposure and hazard. Basing hazard on tissue rather than environmental concentrations avoids the errors associated with accommodating multiple sources, pulsed exposures, and non-steady-state accumulation.
(2-Piperidine)- and (2-pyrrolidine)ethanones and -ethanols as inhibitors of blood platelets aggregation (1976)

(E)-4-[4-(Methylthio)phenyl]-1-(2-piperidinyl)-3-buten-2-one hydrochloride (44, RMI 14 133A) was found to inhibit ADP-induced aggregation of blood platelets. It was selected from a large series of (2-piperidinyl)- and (2-pyrrolidinyl)ethanones synthesized by a modified Schopf reaction from enolate magnesium salts of beta-keto acids and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine trimer or 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole trimer, respectively. Evaluation of the compounds was carried out in vitro on human blood platelets. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. 44 also inhibited platelet aggregation ex vivo in guinea pigs. Subacute toxicity evaluation in dogs and guinea pigs showed it to have an unfavorable therapeutic ratio. 1-[4'-Chloro(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl-a1-2-(2-piperdinyl)ethanone hydrochloride (18, RMI 12436A) was found to lower serum cholesterol levles in rats with concurrent accumulation of (3beta)-cholesta-5,7-dien-3-ol, suggesting inhibition of 7-dehydrocholesterol delta7-reductase.
Towards an unsupervised device for the diagnosis of childhood pneumonia in low resource settings: Automatic segmentation of respiratory sounds (2016)

Pneumonia remains the worldwide leading cause of children mortality under the age of five, with every year 1.4 million deaths. Unfortunately, in low resource settings, very limited diagnostic support aids are provided to point-of-care practitioners. Current UNICEF/WHO case management algorithm relies on the use of a chronometer to manually count breath rates on pediatric patients: there is thus a major need for more sophisticated tools to diagnose pneumonia that increase sensitivity and specificity of breath-rate-based algorithms. These tools should be low cost, and adapted to practitioners with limited training. In this work, a novel concept of unsupervised tool for the diagnosis of childhood pneumonia is presented. The concept relies on the automated analysis of respiratory sounds as recorded by a point-of-care electronic stethoscope. By identifying the presence of auscultation sounds at different chest locations, this diagnostic tool is intended to estimate a pneumonia likelihood score. After presenting the overall architecture of an algorithm to estimate pneumonia scores, the importance of a robust unsupervised method to identify inspiratory and expiratory phases of a respiratory cycle is highlighted. Based on data from an on-going study involving pediatric pneumonia patients, a first algorithm to segment respiratory sounds is suggested. The unsupervised algorithm relies on a Mel-frequency filter bank, a two-step Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) description of data, and a final Hidden Markov Model (HMM) interpretation of inspiratory-expiratory sequences. Finally, illustrative results on first recruited patients are provided. The presented algorithm opens the doors to a new family of unsupervised respiratory sound analyzers that could improve future versions of case management algorithms for the diagnosis of pneumonia in low-resources settings.
Arthroscopic Mosaicplasty for Osteochondral Lesions of the Knee: Computer‐Assisted Navigation Versus Freehand Technique (2012)

This study shows evidence of potentially greater precision and reproducibility of navigated arthroscopic mosaicplasty when compared with an arthroscopic freehand technique in a cadaveric model. However, true clinical outcome benefit will only be elucidated upon performance of appropriate clinical studies.
Efficacy of IgG and F(ab′)2 Antivenoms to Neutralize Snake Venom-induced Local Tissue Damage as Assessed by the Proteomic Analysis of Wound Exudate (2011)

Proteomic analysis of wound exudates represents a valuable tool to investigate tissue pathology and to assess the therapeutic success of various interventions. In this study, the ability of horse-derived IgG and F(ab')(2) antivenoms to neutralize local pathological effects induced by the venom of the snake Bothrops asper in mouse muscle was investigated by the proteomic analysis of exudates collected in the vicinity of affected tissue. In experiments involving the incubation of venom and antivenom prior to injection in mice, hemorrhagic activity was completely abolished and local muscle-damaging activity was significantly reduced by the antivenoms. In these conditions, the relative amounts of several intracellular and extracellular matrix proteins were reduced by the action of antivenoms, whereas the relative amounts of various plasma proteins were not modified. Because not all intracellular proteins were reduced, it is likely that there is a residual cytotoxicity not neutralized by antivenoms. In experiments designed to more closely reproduce the actual circumstances of envenoming, that is, when antivenom is administered after envenomation, the number of proteins whose amounts in exudates were reduced by antivenoms decreased, underscoring the difficulty in neutralizing local pathology due to the very rapid onset of venom-induced pathology. In these experiments, IgG antivenom was more efficient than F(ab')(2) antivenom when administered after envenomation, probably as a consequence of differences in their pharmacokinetic profiles.
Estimation of Alveolar Pressure During Speech Using Direct Measures of Tracheal Pressure (1999)

The pressure in the alveoli of the lungs, created by the elastic recoil of the lungs and respiratory muscle activity, is referred to as alveolar pressure (Pa). The extent to which tracheal pressure (Pt) approximates Pa depends on the resistance to airflow offered by structures above and below the point at which tracheal pressure is measured. An understanding of the relationship among Pa, Pt, and upper and lower airway resistance, and how these values fluctuate during speech, could aid in interpretation and modeling of speech aerodynamics. The purpose of this study was to (a) obtain values for lower airway resistance (Rlow), (b) use these Rlow values to estimate Pa during speech, and (c) quantify the degree to which Pt approximates Pa during production of voiced and voiceless sounds, in comparison to inhalation. In addition, the results were discussed in terms of the degree to which the respiratory system functions as a pressure source. Tracheal pressure (obtained with tracheal puncture) and airflow were measured during sentence production in 6 subjects. Using a technique introduced in this paper, Rlow was determined from measures of tracheal pressure and flow obtained during a sudden change in upper airway resistance because of release of a voiceless plosive. Mean Rlow values ranged from 0.14 to 0.32 kPa/(l/s). Each subject's mean Rlow was used to derive a time-varying measure of Pa during speech from continuous measures of tracheal pressure and airflow. Pt was approximately 95% of Pa during phonation (i.e., when the vocal folds were adducted), 75% of Pa during release of the voiceless stop consonant /p/, and 55% of Pa during inhalation (i.e., when the vocal folds were abducted). Therefore, the degree to which the respiratory system functioned as an ideal pressure source varied during speech. The ability to estimate Pa provides a measure of the pressure produced by the respiratory system that is not influenced by laryngeal activity.
Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answering (2022)

When answering a question, humans utilize the information available across different modalities to synthesize a consistent and complete chain of thought (CoT). This process is normally a black box in the case of deep learning models like large-scale language models. Recently, science question benchmarks have been used to diagnose the multi-hop reasoning ability and interpretability of an AI system. However, existing datasets fail to provide annotations for the answers, or are restricted to the textual-only modality, small scales, and limited domain diversity. To this end, we present Science Question Answering (ScienceQA), a new benchmark that consists of ~21k multimodal multiple choice questions with a diverse set of science topics and annotations of their answers with corresponding lectures and explanations. We further design language models to learn to generate lectures and explanations as the chain of thought (CoT) to mimic the multi-hop reasoning process when answering ScienceQA questions. ScienceQA demonstrates the utility of CoT in language models, as CoT improves the question answering performance by 1.20% in few-shot GPT-3 and 3.99% in fine-tuned UnifiedQA. We also explore the upper bound for models to leverage explanations by feeding those in the input; we observe that it improves the few-shot performance of GPT-3 by 18.96%. Our analysis further shows that language models, similar to humans, benefit from explanations to learn from fewer data and achieve the same performance with just 40% of the data. The data and code are available at https://scienceqa.github.io.