gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathway Signature PCR Array: a novel method for studying inflammatory responses (173.11) (2012)

Abstract Signaling pathways play central roles in cellular physiology, and assessing the state of pathways helps clarify molecular mechanisms of disease and inflammatory responses. Gene expression signatures of pathway activation status enable reliable measurement of pathway activity. Our group developed Pathway Signature PCR Arrays to analyze gene expression and determine pathway activity within a single real-time PCR experiment. This study identified a set of genes that provide a gene signature for evaluating IL6/STAT3 pathway activity. A set of 88 signature genes were derived from microarray profiling on HepG2 and MCF10A cells treated with IL-6 protein and STAT3-specific siRNA. Genes were selected on the basis of statistically significant expression changes in response to IL-6 and reversion of altered expression upon treatment with STAT3 siRNA. These 88 IL-6/STAT3 response genes were further verified by real-time PCR, using a panel of 14 different cell lines stimulated with IL-6 or inhibited with STAT3 siRNA. Using a mathematical classifier method, a subset of genes was identified as a gene expression signature for assessing IL-6/STAT3 pathway activity. These signature genes, along with IL-6 pathway-related genes identified by literature mining, constitute the IL-6 Pathway Signature PCR Array. This array provides a useful tool for studying regulation of pathway activity via gene expression changes during inflammatory responses. Array is for molecular biology applications only.
The evaluation of the role of CCK in the opioid modulation of the motility of the gastrointestinal tract in sheep (1999)

The participation of central cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) receptors in the modulatory effect of D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol enkephalin (DAGO), a selective mu-opioid receptor agonist, on the spike burst activity of the gastrointestinal tract (rumen, reticulum, antrum, duodenum, colon and caecum) in sheep was investigated. DAGO was infused intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) at doses of 0.1-1 microg/kg body weight (BW). It was shown that DAGO significantly inhibited myoelectrical activity of the wall of the forestomachs, abomasum and colon but stimulated this activity in the duodenum (rate of myoelectrical migrant complex-MMC). The effects of DAGO were prevented by CCK-8 antagonists (L-364.718 and L-365.260) previously infused at doses of 5-20 microg/kg BW. The results of this present study indicate that central receptors of CCK-8 participated in the modulatory action of an opioid on myoelectrical activity of the gastrointestinal tract in sheep. Furthermore, this result suggests that CCK-8 is released in response to mu-receptor stimulation, because CCK-8 antagonists (L-364.718 and L-365.260) prevented the modulatory action of DAGO on the gastrointestinal motility in sheep.
In vitro phosphorylation of ciliary dyneins by protein kinases from Paramecium (1993)

Paramecium dyneins were tested as substrates for phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, and two Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases that were partially purified from Paramecium extracts. Only cAMP-dependent protein kinase caused significant phosphorylation. The major phosphorylated species was a 29 kDa protein that was present in both 22 S and 12 S dyneins; its phosphate-accepting activity peaked with 22 S dynein. In vitro phosphorylation was maximal at five minutes, then decreased. This decrease in phosphorylation was inhibited by the addition of vanadate or NaF. The 29 kDa protein was not phosphorylated by a heterologous cAMP-dependent protein kinase, the bovine catalytic subunit. Phosphorylation of dynein did not change its ATPase activity. In sucrose gradient fractions from the last step of dynein purification, phosphorylation by an endogenous kinase occurred. This phosphorylation could not be attributed to the small amounts of cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases known to be present, nor was it Ca(2+)-dependent. This previously uncharacterized ciliary protein kinase used casein as an in vitro substrate.
Functional Analysis of an Endo-1,6-β-D-glucanase Gene (neg-1) fromNeurospora crassa (2006)

The 1,6-beta-D-glucanase gene (neg1) of Neurospora crassa was disrupted by repeat-induced point mutations. Sequence analysis of the neg1 gene in the R12-1 mutant showed that 9 nucleotides within the coding region of the gene changed from GC to AT. The base transition of C to A at position 662 resulted in a codon. No apparent phenotypic changes were observed in the mutant, but Congo-red, SDS, and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), which affect fungal cell walls or membranes, markedly inhibited the hyphal growth of the mutant at a concentration that does not inhibit growth in the wild type.
Evaluation of Chemical Composition and Yield of Mozzarella Cheese Using Two Different Methods of Processing (2009)

Two Mozzarella cheese making methods, Kosikowski (1982) and the modified method practiced by Khartoum Dairy Products Company (KDPC) were evaluated for their efficiencies in term of chemical composition and yield. In a comparison study; using fresh whole cow's milk; two experiments were conducted. In experiment one the cheese was manufactured according to the method described by Kosikowski (1982). While in experiment two the modified method practiced in Khartoum Dairy Product Company (KDPC) Ltd. was used. In Kosikowski (1982) method, pasteurized milk was used. Starter culture (0.5%) was added and renneting at 32.2°C, cooling and whey drainage overnight; were practiced in this method. In the modified method, raw milk was used. Starter culture (1%) and rennet were added at 38.5°C. The results showed that, fresh Mozzarella cheese; using Kosikowski (1982) method had the following means composition, fat 27.25%±0.82; protein 20.06%±0.65; total solids 51.42% ±1.32; moisture 48.59% ± 1.32; titratable acidity 066% ± 0.02; ash 2.25±0.07%; lactose 1.59±1.35% and yield 13.2%. However, the mean compositions in modified method were: fat 25.71%±2.30; protein 23.33%2.1; total solids 54.52%±2.84; moisture 45.48%±2.85; titratable acidity 0.58%0.09; ash 2.38%±0.41; lactose 2.64% ±0.73 and yield 11.65%. Cheese batches in experiment two showed a decrease in fat, protein and ash content after storage for seven days at -18 C and 4 C. o o
The BREAST-Q (2012)

This study further supports the BREAST-Q as a useful tool to study the impact and effectiveness of breast surgery from the patients' perspective. It can be used as the initial building blocks toward establishing the clinical meaning of BREAST-Q scale scores, further supporting an evidence-based approach to surgical practice.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation: Mitochondria Matter in Osteogenesis or Adipogenesis Direction (2020)

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) exhibit enormous therapeutic potential because of their indispensable regenerative, reparative, angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, and immunosuppressive properties. MSCs can best differentiate into mesodermal cell lineages, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, muscle cells, endothelial cells and chondrocytes. Specific differentiation of MSCs could be induced through limited conditions. In addition to the relevant differentiation factors, drastic changes also occur in the microenvironment to conduct it in an optimal manner for particular differentiation. Recent evidence suggests that the mitochondria participate in the regulating of direction and process of MSCs differentiation. Therefore, our current review focuses on how mitochondria participate in both osteogenesis and adipogenesis of MSC differentiation. Besides that, in our current review, we try to provide a further understanding of the relationship between the behavior of mitochondria and the direction of MSC differentiation, which could optimize current cellular culturing protocols for further facilitating tissue engineering by adjusting specific conditions of stem cells.
Serum macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) levels are closely related with the disease activity of atopic dermatitis (2002)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by the predominant infiltration of T cells, eosinophils and macrophages in lesional skin. Recently, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC)/CCL22, a CC chemokine, was identified as a selective chemoattractant for CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4)-expressing cells, in addition to thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC). We have previously reported that serum TARC levels correlate with the severity of AD. In this report, we investigated the participation of MDC in AD. First, we measured serum MDC levels in 45 patients with AD, 25 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 25 healthy controls. Serum MDC levels in AD patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls and psoriasis patients. Furthermore, the increases in serum MDC levels in AD patients were greater in the severely affected group than in the moderate or mild groups. We compared serum MDC levels in 11 AD patients, before and after treatment, and observed a significant decrease after treatment. Moreover, the serum MDC levels significantly correlated with the Scoring AD (SCORAD) index, serum soluble (s) E-selectin levels, serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels, serum TARC levels and eosinophil numbers in peripheral blood. Our study strongly suggests that serum MDC levels have a notable correlation with disease activity and that MDC, as well as the CC chemokine TARC, may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD.
Research progress on classical traditional Chinese medicine formula Lily Bulb and Rehmannia Decoction in the treatment of depression (2019)

Depression pertains to the category of "Emotional Diseases" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Its clinical symptoms are similar to the manifestations of "lily disease" from the TCM classics Synopsis of the Golden Chamber written by Zhang Zhongjing in the Han Dynasty. Also in this book, Lily Bulb and Rehmannia Decoction (LBRD) is the formula for the treatment of "lily disease". The classical herbal formula LBRD is composed of two herbs lily bulb and fresh rehmannia juice, with the function of nourishing yin and replenishing heart and lung. It has been clinically applied to treat "lily disease" for two thousand years. In this review, we focused on recent evidence linking LBRD and depression extracting data from animal and clinical studies, summarizing the primitive dosage and producing area of genuine medicinal materials of LBRD, clinical application, pharmacological mechanism and the effective substance basis for the treatment of depression. In conclusion, we discussed existing problems and future perspective. This systematic review will seek to enhance our understanding about pharmacology mechanism, herb-prescribing and recipe-constructing, and the development of novel formula for depression treatments.
Design of a Digital Phantom of the Neonatal Brain (2007)

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a 3D digital phantom of the neonatal brain. Commonly used digital brain phantoms (e.g. BrainWeb) are based on adults' brains. With the increasing interest in computer aided analysis of neonatal Magnetic Resonance (MR) images, it becomes necessary to create a special digital phantom for neonatal brains. This is because of the pronounced differences not only in size but more important in geometrical proportions of different brain tissues in adults and neonates and the additional need to subdivide the white matter of neonatal brains into two different types. Thus, the here created neonatal brain phantom consists of 6 different tissue types: scalp, skull, gray matter, myelinated and non-myelinated white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. Every voxel has a vector consisting of 6 probabilities of being part of one of these six tissues. The digital brain phantom will be used for simulation of tomographic images of the newborns' head and may serve as well as an evaluation data set for comparison of analysis methods for neonatal MR images, e.g. segmentation/registration algorithms, providing the possibility of controlled degradation of image data.
A simple classification of orthognathic surgery complications. (1998)

Although orthognathic surgery has now become a routine part of oral and maxillofacial surgery practice, the complexity of such surgery together with the detailed planning involved makes it a difficult area of surgery to follow in the literature. The plethora of literature on the subject of complications in orthognathic surgery makes it essential to devise a simple classification of complications so that comparative studies can be identified and grouped together for more meaningful interpretation. The aim of this article is to present a brief and coherent overview of the main complications associated with orthognathic surgery for the purpose of establishing a simple classification of complications for future reference.
Oxidative Stability of Conventional and High‐Oleic Vegetable Oils with Added Antioxidants (2008)

Abstract The oxidative stability of conventional and high‐oleic varieties of commercial vegetable oils, with and without added antioxidants, was evaluated using the oil stability index (OSI). Oil varieties studied were soybean (SOY), partially‐hydrogenated soybean (PHSOY), corn (CORN), sunflower (SUN), canola (CAN), high‐oleic canola (HOCAN), very high‐oleic canola (VHOCAN), oleic safflower (SAF) and high‐oleic sunflower (HOSUN). One or more commercial antioxidants were added to the four most stable oils at supplier‐recommended levels: rosemary extract (RM; 1,000 ppm), ascorbyl palmitate (AP; 1,000 ppm), tert ‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ; 200 ppm), and mixed tocopherols (TOC; 200 ppm). OSI in hours (h) at 110 °C of the conventional oils were 5.2, 7.6, 8.4, 9.8, 10.9 and 14.3 h for SUN, SOY, CAN, CORN, PHSOY and SAF, respectively. OSI of high‐oleic variants were 12.9, 16.5 and 18.5 h for HOCAN, HOSUN and VHOCAN, respectively. Maximum OSI values for the four most stable oils when treated with antioxidants, were 40.9, 48.5, 48.8 and 55.7 h for HOCAN, VHOCAN, SAF and HOSUN, respectively. Addition of TBHQ, alone and in combination with other antioxidants, resulted in the greatest increase in oxidative stability of SAF and other high‐oleic oils evaluated. AP had a positive synergistic effect when used with TBHQ, while RM decreased TBHQ effectiveness.
Synthesis of PEGylated Semiconducting Polymer Amphiphiles for Molecular Photoacoustic Imaging and Guided Therapy (2018)

Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) have been used as a new class of photonic materials with great potential in biomedical applications, but their synthetic method is limited to nanoprecipitation. Semiconducting polymer amphiphiles (SPAs) that can spontaneously self-assemble into nanoparticles are ideal alternatives for SPNs. Depending on their backbone structures, SPAs with different optical properties can be developed into nanoprobes for molecular imaging applications such as photoacoustic (PA) and fluorescence imaging as well as photothermal therapy. In this Concept, recent studies on the synthesis of SPAs for PA imaging and guided cancer therapy are summarized. The effect of grafting density on the optical properties of SPAs is discussed, and the nanoparticle sizes of SPAs can be reduced by utilization of a short semiconducting oligomer. Moreover, SPAs can be developed into PA theranostic platform and activatable PA nanoprobes. These studies demonstrate that SPAs are promising for advanced molecular imaging and therapy applications.
Laser Range-Gated Imagers (2015)

Laser range-gated imagers use a pulsed laser illuminator and time gating of an imaging focal plane array to localize collected photons to those within a certain range of the scene. As a result, intervening obscurants and other background clutter can often be mitigated. This entry describes the basic operation of these devices, the factors influencing performance, and modeling of performance. Examples and applications of current systems are presented.
Biocatalytic conversion of lignin to aromatic dicarboxylic acids in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 by re-routing aromatic degradation pathways (2015)

A gene insertion approach is used in <italic>Rhodococcus jostii</italic> RHA1 to generate pyridine-dicarboxylic acid bioproducts from lignin.
Bimetallic Synergy Effects of Phyllosilicate‐Derived NiCu@SiO2 Catalysts for 1,4‐Butynediol Direct Hydrogenation to 1,4‐Butanediol (2019)

Abstract Hydrogenation of 1,4‐butynediol (BYD) to 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) is a two‐step process, with an initial hydrogenation of BYD to 1,4‐butenediol (BED) and the subsequent hydrogenation of BED to BDO. However, the BYD hydrogenation also involves many side reactions originated from the isomerization of BED. In order to inhibit the isomerization pathways, phyllosilicate‐derived bimetallic NiCu@SiO 2 catalysts have been developed for efficient C≡C/C=C hydrogenation in this work. Due to the formation of phyllosilicate matrix and highly dispersed metal nanoparticles, NiCu@SiO 2 showed total BYD conversion with extremely high BDO selectivity compared to a conventional impregnated Ni/SiO 2 catalyst. A remarkable result of NiCu@SiO 2 catalysts is that a new type of bimetallic catalytic sites responsible for the high hydrogenation activity can be differentiated from the Ni phyllosilicate matrix by the induction of Cu species, and these neighboring bimetallic sites with the help of weak acid phyllosilicate interface, can realize to stabilize the activated BED species (allyl alcohol form) adsorbed on the cooperative active sites, thus to avoid its isomerization to aldehyde form and unexpected C=O hydrogenolysis. Consequently, it enhanced the selectivity to the diol products BDO significantly. Owing to the benign improvement of three center synergy effect, 9Ni1Cu@SiO 2 possesses the optimum BYD direct hydrogenation ability with a rarely reported high selectivity of 90.5–94.5 % at 50 °C and 1 MPa.
THEORETICAL BASIS FOR A METHOD OF DISTRIBUTION OF MARKET SHARE CHANGES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE // BASE TEÓRICA PARA UM MÉTODO DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE MUDANÇAS DE PARTICIPAÇÕES DE MERCADO NO COMÉRCIO INTERNACIONAL (2010)

ABSTRACT: Chami’s method for calculating how much of an exporter market share change can be attributed to each competitor has regularly been applied in the literature, but has not been related to any theory yet. Here, an attempt is made to examine the trade models that can provide the theoretical foundations for the method, clarifying the assumptions underlying its results. It is shown that the method is consistent with most of the main trade models found in the literature. RESUMO: O metodo desenvolvido por Chami para distribuir as participacoes de cada pais exportador entre seus competidores em um determinado mercado tem sido aplicado na literatura, mas ainda nao foi associado a qualquer teoria. Este artigo procura examinar os modelos de comercio que podem oferecer os fundamentos teoricos para o metodo, clarificando as suposicoes necessarias aos seus resultados. Mostra-se que o metodo e consistente com a maioria dos principais modelos de comercio encontrados na literatura.
Enaminones as Building Blocks In Heterocyclic Synthesis: A New One Pot Synthesis of Polyfunctional Substituted Pyridines (2001)

Enaminones react with a variety of active methyl and methylene reagents in presence of ammonium acetate to yield functionally substituted pyridines in good yields. The reaction proceeded via initial Michael addition across the double bond followed by cyclization. The reaction of enaminone with aromatic aldehyde in acetic acid/ammonium acetate afforded the dihydropyridine that was oxidized to the corresponding pyridine.
Effectiveness of high‐frequency left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with treatment‐resistant depression: A randomized clinical trial of 37.5‐minute vs 18.75‐minute protocol (2019)

These findings suggest that, compared with the conventional one, rTMS with 18.75-minute protocol might be equally effective and clinically beneficial in saving the treatment session length. Further well-designed studies are needed.
Mechanical properties of FeCo magnetic particles-based Sn-Ag-Cu solder composites (2013)

We demonstrate magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in enabling lead-free solder reflow in RF fields and improved mechanical properties that impact solder joint reliability. Here, we report on Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) alloys. SAC solder-FeCo MNP composites with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt. % FeCo MNP and the use of AC magnetic fields to achieve localized reflow. Electron microscopy of the as-reflowed samples show a decrease in the volume of Sn dendrite regions as well as smaller and more homogeneously dispersed Ag3Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) with increasing MNP concentrations. Mechanical properties of the composites were measured by nanoindentation. In pure solder samples and solder composites with 4 wt. % MNP, hardness values increased from 0.18 GPa to 0.20 GPa and the modulus increased from 39.22 GPa to 71.22 GPa. The stress exponent, reflecting creep resistance, increased from 12.85 of pure solder to 16.47 for solder composites with 4 wt. % MNP. Enhanced mechanical properties as compared with the as-prepared solder joints are explained in terms of grain boundary and dispersion strengthening resulting from the microstructural refinement.
InGaAsP vertical-cavity lasers (1993)

Long wavelength surface emitting lasers (LWSEL) have important applications in optical fiber communications due to their inherent single-longitudinal mode operation and the ease of coupling into fibers. The high packing density and wafer scale testing capability make them potential low cost sources for optical fiber systems. However, high Auger recombination rates inherent to long wavelength materials and technological problems in fabricating long wavelength DBR mirrors have slowed the development of LWSELs compared to that of (In)GaAs vertical cavity lasers. In this paper, we present results on two devices which have achieved the highest reported operation temperatures of LWSELs to date. In the first section we discuss an optically pumped InGaAsP laser utilizing a GaAs/AlAs mirror fused to the InGaAsP structure. These devices operate at temperatures as high as 144 degree(s)C. The fusing process, room temperature lasing characteristics, and high temperature operation are discussed. In the next section, we present results of an electrically contacted, two-dielectric mirror structure which operates at temperatures as high as 66 degree(s)C, the highest operation temperature of an electrically pumped laser to date. The room temperature and high temperature lasing characteristics are described, as are the effects of non-uniform injection in the active region. In the final section of the paper, we discuss design considerations for room temperature, CW operation.