gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan spike virosome vaccine induces superior neutralization breadth compared to one using the Beta spike (2022)

Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are effective, but long-term protection is threatened by the emergence of virus variants. We generated a virosome vaccine containing the Beta spike protein and compared its immunogenicity in mice to a virosome vaccine containing the original Wuhan spike. Two administrations of the virosomes induced potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in both vaccine groups. The level of autologous neutralization in Beta-vaccinated mice was similar to the level of autologous neutralization in Wuhan-vaccinated mice. However, heterologous neutralization to the Wuhan strain in Beta-vaccinated mice was 4.7-fold lower than autologous neutralization, whereas heterologous neutralization to the Beta strain in Wuhan-vaccinated mice was reduced by only 1.9-fold compared to autologous neutralization levels. In addition, neutralizing activity against the D614G, Alpha and Delta variants was also significantly lower after Beta spike vaccination than after Wuhan spike vaccination. Our results show that Beta spike vaccination induces inferior neutralization breadth. These results are informative for programs aimed to develop broadly active SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Less is More: Building Selective Anomaly Ensembles with Application to Event Detection in Temporal Graphs (2015)

Ensemble techniques for classification and clustering have long proven effective, yet anomaly ensembles have been barely studied. In this work, we tap into this gap and propose a new ensemble approach for anomaly mining, with application to event detection in temporal graphs. Our method aims to combine results from heterogeneous detectors with varying outputs, and leverage the evidence from multiple sources to yield better performance. However, trusting all the results may deteriorate the overall ensemble accuracy, as some detectors may fall short and provide inaccurate results depending on the nature of the data in hand. This suggests that being selective in which results to combine is vital in building effective ensembles—hence “less is more”. In this paper we propose SELECT; an ensemble approach for anomaly mining that employs novel techniques to automatically and systematically select the results to assemble in a fully unsupervised fashion. We apply our method to event detection in temporal graphs, where SELECT successfully utilizes five base detectors and seven consensus methods under a unified ensemble framework. We provide extensive quantitative evaluation of our approach on five realworld datasets (four with ground truth), including Enron email communications, New York Times news corpus, and World Cup 2014 Twitter news feed. Thanks to its selection mechanism, SELECT yields superior performance compared to individual detectors alone, the full ensemble (naively combining all results), and an existing diversity-based ensemble.
Studies on Production of Lipids in Fungi. XXII. (1989)

Nine fungi of Mortierella genus were cultivated batchwise in a 30L-fermenter in high con-centration glucose medium (100-200g/L). As a result, four strains attained a γ-linolenic acid (GLA) productivity exceeding 2g/L. The strain content of GLA in the fatty acids of the lipids obtained was from 6.6-7.8%. Using M. ramanniana var. angulispora IFO 8187, one of the four strains, the effects of various cultivation conditions on GLA productivity were investigated. Culti-vation at a higher content of GLA in the total lipids was generally noted in strains with lower lipid productivity, thus giving lower GLA yield. Consequently, cultivation to obtain high GLA yield is possible in a cultivation of high lipid productivity rather than high GLA content. Two types of repeated batch cultures with one and two fermenters, respectively, were made to obtain higher lipid productivity. A maximum lipid productivity of 13.9g/L/d was realized in the 2nd fermenter with a double stage repeated batch culture. GLA yield in the repeated batch culture increased with lipid productivity.
Downsizing goes east? Employment re-structuring in post-socialist Poland (1998)

Abstract This article reports case study research on the practices of employment restructuring in four Polish organizations in the post-socialist period. It finds that Polish managers have generally adopted less harsh practices than their western counterparts. Key influences in this respect are the values and beliefs of managers, the role of trade unions and the nature of Polish labour law. The article concludes by suggesting that increasing pressures on Polish managers may well see more convergence with western practice and that the implications of this are not favourable for Poland's developing market economy. Keywords: DownsizingEmployment Re-structuringPolandManagersPost-socialism
Limits of Oxygen Enrichment, Tuyere Fuel Injection, and Prospect of Stack Gas Injection in an Experimental Furnace (1973)

The phenomena taking place in applying oxygen enrichment to blast furnaces were studied by using an experimental furnace (0.63 m 3 ) . A slight decrease in the coke rate was obtained at Ihe ratio less than 4" oxygen enrichment, but beyond this rate, it increased by more than 2.5 kg/ tH M for ever)' 1 of enrichment due to the increase in direct reduction.
Al-doped zinc oxide films deposited by simultaneous rf and dc excitation of a magnetron plasma: Relationships between plasma parameters and structural and electrical film properties (1998)

A new technique of the simultaneous excitation of a magnetron sputtering discharge by rf and dc was used for the deposition of undoped ZnO- and Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) films. By this technique, it was possible to change the ion-to-neutral ratio ji/jn on the substrates during the film growth by more than a factor of ten, which was revealed by plasma monitor and Langmuir probe measurements. While for a pure dc discharge the ions impinging onto a floating substrate have energies of about Ei≈17 eV, the rf discharge is characterized by Ar-ion energies of about 35 eV. Furthermore, the ion current density for the rf excitation is higher by a factor of about five, which is caused by the higher plasma density in front of the substrate. This leads to a much higher ion-to-neutral ratio ji/jn on the growing film in the case of the rf discharge, which strongly influences the structural and electrical properties of the ZnO(:Al) films. The rf-grown films exhibit about the three times lower specific resistances (ρ≈6×10−4 Ω cm), due to lower mechanical stress, leading to higher charge carrier concentrations and mobilities. Undoped ZnO films exhibited the largest compressive stress values up to 2.8 GPa. The aluminium-doped films have a better (001) texture and larger grains (dg≈38 nm), which can be attributed to the beneficial role of Al as a surfactant. The better crystalline film quality of the ZnO:Al films is the reason for the much lower compressive stress of &amp;lt;0.5 GPa in these layers.
In Vivo Labeling of Cortical Astrocytes with Sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) (2012)

Fluorescent markers that stain particular cell types in the intact brain are essential tools for fluorescence microscopy because they enable studies of structure and function of cells identified in this way. Although cell type-specific fluorescence staining can be achieved through promoter-driven expression of fluorescent proteins, this genetic approach is generally labor- and cost-intensive. Alternative viral approaches for targeted fluorophore expression are relatively invasive. For astrocytes, there is a simple alternative. This protocol describes an easy and robust method for rapid (within minutes) and high-contrast staining of astrocytes in defined regions of the intact rodent cortex using the synthetic, water-soluble but non-fixable red fluorescent dye sulforhodamine 101 (SR101). Selective staining is achieved through local uptake and gap junction-mediated spread of SR101 following its topical application or injection into tissue. Applications, technical pitfalls, and limitations of the SR101-staining technique are discussed. Given its simplicity and reliability, SR101 staining is a valuable tool for the study of astrocyte function in the intact brain and for in vivo fluorescence microscopy in general.
Determination of Lipophilic Character of a Series of Dermorphin-Related Oligopeptioes by Means of Reversed-Phase HPLC (1984)

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Beating Floating Point at its Own Game: Posit Arithmetic (2017)

A new data type called a posit is designed as a direct drop-in replacement for IEEE Standard 754 floating-point numbers (floats). Unlike earlier forms of universal number (unum) arithmetic, posits do not require interval arithmetic or variable size operands; like floats, they round if an answer is inexact. However, they provide compelling advantages over floats, including larger dynamic range, higher accuracy, better closure, bitwise identical results across systems, simpler hardware, and simpler exception handling. Posits never overflow to infinity or underflow to zero, and “Not-a-Number” (NaN) indicates an action instead of a bit pattern. A posit processing unit takes less circuitry than an IEEE float FPU. With lower power use and smaller silicon footprint, the posit operations per second (POPS) supported by a chip can be significantly higher than the FLOPS using similar hardware resources. GPU accelerators and Deep Learning processors, in particular, can do more per watt and per dollar with posits, yet deliver superior answer quality. A comprehensive series of benchmarks compares floats and posits for decimals of accuracy produced for a set precision. Low precision posits provide a better solution than “approximate computing” methods that try to tolerate decreased answer quality. High precision posits provide more correct decimals than floats of the same size; in some cases, a 32-bit posit may safely replace a 64-bit float. In other words, posits beat floats at their own game.
In Vivo Characterization of a New Synthetic Thrombin Inhibitor (1992)

We have examined the in vivo pharmacology of DuP 714 (Ac-[D]-Phe-Pro-boroArginine), a representative of a new series of synthetic thrombin inhibitors which contain a boronic acid derivative of arginine. Intravenous bolus injections of DuP 714 in anesthetized rats and conscious rabbits produced transient elevations of clotting times. Clinically relevant prolongations of the APTT were also observed in rabbits after i.v. infusion of less than 0.1 mg kg-1 h-1. Efficacy against venous thrombosis was demonstrated in a rabbit model of stasis induced thrombosis. Clots formed in 100% of control animals and only 33% of animals treated with 0.5 mg/kg DuP 714, and were less severe in treated animals. In a rabbit arterial-venous shunt model mimicking arterial thrombosis, occlusion occurred within 30 min in 72% of control animals vs. 11% of animals treated with 0.1 mg kg-1 h-1 DuP 714. Results indicate that DuP 714 is a highly effective anticoagulant which should be useful for the prevention of both venous and arterial thrombotic diseases.
Antibody Drug Conjugate Bioinformatics: Drug Delivery through the Letterbox (2013)

Antibodies appear to be the first line of defence in the adaptive immune response of vertebrates and thereby are involved in a multitude of biochemical mechanisms, such as regulation of infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. It goes without saying that a full understanding of antibody function is required for the development of novel antibody-interacting drugs. These drugs are the Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs), which are a new type of targeted therapy, used for example for cancer. They consist of an antibody (or antibody fragment such as a single-chain variable fragment [scFv]) linked to a payload drug (often cytotoxic). Because of the targeting, the side effects should be lower and give a wider therapeutic window. Overall, the underlying principle of ADCs is to discern the delivery of a drug that is cytotoxic to a target that is cancerous, hoping to increase the antitumoural potency of the original drug by reducing adverse effects and side effects, such as toxicity of the cancer target. This is a pioneering field that employs state-of-the-art computational and molecular biology methods in the fight against cancer using ADCs.
Specific inhibitors of tyrosine-specific protein kinase. I. Synthesis and inhibitory activities of .ALPHA.-cyanocinnamamides. (1988)

A series of α-cyanocinnamamide derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity against tyrosine-specific protein kinase using intact plasma membrane fractions from an epidermoid carcinoma cell line, A-431 cells. Among these compounds, several novel α-cyano-4-hydroxy-3, 5-disubstituted cinnamamide derivatives, e.g., α-cyano-3-ethoxy-4-gtdrixt-5-phenyl-thiomethylcinnamamide (ST 638), showed potent inhibitory activity. The studies on the structure-activity relationship revealed that the presence of the hydroxy group at the 4 position and the double bond in the α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamamide skeleton was important for potent inhibitory activity, and that the presence of hydrophobic groups at the 3 and 5 positions on the benzene ring also enhanced the inhibitory activity of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamamide derivatives.
Site-Selective C(sp3)–H Functionalization of Di-, Tri-, and Tetrapeptides at the N-Terminus (2014)

Although the syntheses of novel and diverse peptides rely mainly on traditional coupling using unnatural amino acids, postsynthetic modification of peptides could provide a complementary method for the preparation of nonproteinogenic peptides. Site selectivity of postsynthetic modification of peptides is usually achieved by targeting reactive moieties, such as the thiol group of cysteine or the C-2 position of tryptophan. Herein, we report the development of site-selective functionalizations of inert C(sp(3))-H bonds of N-terminal amino acids in di-, tri-, and tetrapeptides without installing a directing group. The native amino acid moiety within the peptide is used as a ligand to accelerate the C-H activation reaction. In the long run, this newly uncovered reactivity could provide guidance for developing site-selective C(sp(3))-H activation toward postsynthetic modification of a broader range of peptides.
POP: A new encryption scheme for Dynamic Databases (2013)

This technical report explores a new technique called POP. POP addresses the need to encrypt databases in the cloud and to execute complex SQL queries on the encrypted data efficiently. POP can be configured to meet different attacker scenarios. We present security results for four such adversary models. Furthermore, we present the results of performance experiments conducted using the TPC-H benchmark and an off-the-shelf relational database system in order to study the performance overheads of POP.
Returning to Our Roots: Making Plant Biology Research Relevant to Future Challenges in Agriculture (2007)

Over the next 50 years, considerable stress will be placed on worldwide crop production by a combination of factors, including an increased human population, an increase in the crops used per person, and a number of environmental issues. Given current trends, it will be necessary to approximately
'Italian blues': A challenge to the universal inventory of basic colour terms (2013)

‘Blue’ is one of the 11 basic colour terms (BCTs) in languages with a developed colour term inventory [1]. In a challenge to the Berlin-Kay model, Italian appears to require more than one BCT to name the blue area: blu ‘dark blue’, azzurro ‘light (-and-medium) blue’ and celeste ‘light blue’. We addressed the proposition of multiple Italian ‘blue’ BCTs in a psycholinguistic study. Eight Munsell charts embracing the BLUE area of colour space (7.5BG-5PB, Value 2-9, Chroma 2-12) were employed to explore colour name mapping in Italian speakers compared to English speakers. Participants were Italian monolinguals (N=13, Alghero; N=15, Verona) and English monolinguals (N=19; Liverpool). An unconstrained colour naming method was used; this was followed by indicating the best example (focal colour) of blu, azzurro and celeste (Italian) or blue and light blue (English). Choices of focal colours, in Munsell notation, are reported for each of the terms. In addition, distances between centroids of the focal colours, in CIELAB notation, are reported for each of the three participant groups. The dominant focal English blue and Italian blu appeared to concur in Hue (2.5PB, 5PB), but not in lightness (blue: Value 5; blu: Value 2-3). Italian speakers required, in addition, the azzurro term for naming light/medium blue colours. Notably, for the Algherese, azzurro indicates the ‘medium blue’ and is complemented by celeste for denoting light blue shades, similar to English light blue. In contrast, the Veronese use azzurro for ‘light-and-medium blue’; celeste was named conspicuously less frequently, overlapping with azzurro. The present study adds to psycholinguistic evidence that Italian possesses two BCTs, blu and azzurro, differentiating ‘blues’ along the lightness dimension. Celeste is a contender for a third BCT for the Alghero speakers. Cognitive representation (i.e. prototype) of azzurro as well as the status of celeste appear to vary markedly across Italian dialects.
Workload-Aware Online Anomaly Detection in Enterprise Applications with Local Outlier Factor (2012)

Detecting anomalies are essential for improving the reliability of enterprise applications. Current approaches set thresholds for metrics or model correlations between metrics, and anomalies are detected when the thresholds are violated or the correlations are broken. However, we have found that the dynamic workload fluctuating over multiple time scales causes system metrics and their correlations to change. Moreover, it is difficult to model various metric correlations in complex applications. This paper addresses these problems and proposes an online anomaly detection approach for enterprise applications. A method is presented for recognizing workload patterns with an incremental clustering algorithm. The Local Outlier Factor (LOF) based on the specific workload pattern is adopted for detecting anomalies. Our approach is evaluated on a testbed running the TPC-W benchmark. The experimental results show that our approach can capture workload fluctuations accurately and detect the typical faults effectively.
Modeling network embedded systems with NS-2 and SystemC (2003)

Today's embedded systems include more and more network capabilities. Verifying these capabilities via simulation is difficult because it is often required to have the simulation models interact with real networks. For instance, the validation of a network device requires its connection with the model of a real network and testing of its interaction with the surrounding blocks and used protocols. This paper explores a methodology for modeling, simulating and testing the functionality of an embedded system, and its interaction with a network. The methodology joins two simulation environments, both based on the C++ programming language. The first (SystemC) is both a hardware definition language and a simulation library designed to model and simulate hardware and software systems. The second (Network Simulator-2) is both a network definition language and a simulation tool designed to model and simulate network topologies. The proposed modeling and simulation methodology has been applied to two case studies: the design of a network device and the verification of two cooperating embedded systems.
Selenate Removal from Sulfate Containing Aqueous Solutions (2005)

The performance of selenium remediation agents, mainly gamma alumina sorbents and zerovalent metals is greatly inhibited in the presence of large concentrations of sulfate found in selenium-rich agricultural drainage water. It is therefore imperative to remove sulfates from these contaminated waters, prior to their treatment for selenium removal. This paper presents data on enhanced selenium removal resulting from a two stage process involving the use of barium chloride in the first stage followed by a selenium remediation agent in the second. Barium chloride is known to stoichiometrically precipitate out sulfates. In addition to the sulfate removal from the contaminated solutions, a significant amount of selenate immobilization in the precipitated solids was achieved. When a loading of 15 g l(-1) of BaCl2, was employed, 100% selenate removal from an aqueous solution (containing 1 mg l(-1) selenate, 4 g l(-1) of sulfate and 2.5 g l(-1) of chloride) was achieved by the use of BaCl2, alone. Bimetallic NiFe particles, gamma alumina and activated carbon were employed to further remove selenium in the second stage. A solution containing 1 mg l(-1) and 4 g l(-1) of selenate and sulfate, respectively, when treated sequentially with 10 g l(-1) of BaCl2 and NiFe powder showed 100% selenium removal.
Complement‐fixing hidden rheumatoid factor in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (1978)

Fifteen to twenty percent of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) have positive latex fixation tests (LFT), whereas approximately 46% have previously been demonstrated to have hidden rheumatoid factors (RF), i.e., 19S IgM RF which can be detected by the LFT after acid separation of the IgM-containing fraction from serum. In this study, hidden RF were found in 59% of patients with seronegative JRA by use of a complement-dependent hemolytic assay. The median titer of JRA patients was 1:42, and in healthy and disease controls it was 1:7. The difference was significant at P less than 0.001. When data from patients with active disease were analyzed separately, the median titer for polyarticular JRA was 1:97 and for pauciarticular JRA, 1:91. The differences due to active disease were significant at P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.005, respectively. The results demonstrate that the hemolytic assay is more sensitive than the LFT in determining the presence of hidden RF, and activity of disease correlates well with high hemolytic RF titers.
Carrier dynamics in self-assembled quantum-dot materials and devices (2006)

This study presents an overview of recent measurements of the dephasing time and gain recovery dynamics in InGaAs/GaAs QD material and devices. Results indicate that the ultrafast gain recovery on a subpicosecond time scale measured at room temperature is related to the presence of several carriers in the excited states of the QD, i.e. to a multiexciton state with several available channels for relaxation.
Rethinking the Social in Social Studies (2010)

This article reviews new approaches in history, social sciences, and science studies that suggest a rethinking of the social. The article begins by situating the social within a long history of social thinking throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It then examines how these new critical approaches to the social offer useful insights into current intellectual problems in the social studies curriculum.