gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Methods for the Chemical Synthesis of Insulin Superfamily Peptides and of Analogues Containing Disulfide Isosteres (2017)

The insulin superfamily of peptides is ubiquitous within vertebrates and invertebrates and is characterized by the presence of a set of three disulfide bonds in a unique disposition. With the exception of insulin-like growth factors I and II, which are single chain peptides, the remaining 8 members of the human insulin superfamily are two-chain peptides containing one intramolecular and two intermolecular disulfide bridges. These structural features have long made the chemical synthesis of the peptides a considerable challenge, in particular, including their correct disulfide bond pairing and formation. However, they have also afforded the opportunity to develop modern solid phase synthesis methods for the preparation of such peptides that incorporate novel or improved chemical methods for the controlled introduction of both disulfide bonds and their surrogates, both during and after peptide chain assembly. In turn, this has enabled a detailed probing of the structure and function relationship of this small but complex superfamily of peptides. After initially using and subsequently identifying significant limitations of the approach of simultaneous random chain combination and oxidative folding, our laboratory undertook to develop robust chemical synthesis strategies in concert with orthogonal cysteine S-protecting groups and corresponding regioselective disulfide bond formation. These have included the separate synthesis of each of the two chains or of the two chains linked by an artificial C-peptide that is removed following postoxidative folding. These, in turn, have enabled an increased ease of acquisition in a good yield of not only members of human insulin superfamily but other insulin-like peptides. Importantly, these successful methods have enabled, for the first time, a detailed analysis of the role that the disulfide bonds play in the structure and function of such peptides. This was achieved by selective removal of the disulfide bonds or by the judicious insertion of disulfide isosteres that possess structurally subtle variations in bond length, hydrophobicity, and angle. These include lactam, dicarba, and cystathionine, each of which has required modifications to the peptide synthesis protocols for their successful placement within the peptides. Together, these synthesis improvements and the novel chemical developments of cysteine/cystine analogues have greatly aided in the development of novel insulin-like peptide (INSL) analogues, principally with intra-A-chain disulfide isosteres, possessing not only improved functional properties such as increased receptor selectivity but also, with one important and unexpected exception, greater in vivo half-lives due to stability against disulfide reductases. Such analogues greatly will aid further biochemical and pharmacological analyses to delineate the structure-function relationships of INSLs and also future potential drug development.
Reducing the physical, social, and emotional impact of episodic migraine: Results from erenumab STRIVE and ARISE phase III randomized trials (2022)

The MFIQ measures the frequency of impacts and level of difficulty on multiple functional domains that provide a more complete picture of the effects of migraine. MFIQ scores showed that in comparison with placebo, patients treated with erenumab had greater reductions in the functional impact of migraine, providing insight into treatment benefits that extend beyond improvements in clinical status and health-related quality of life previously reported based on clinical end points and other PROs.
Death by hyperventilation: A common and life-threatening problem during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (2004)

Despite seemingly adequate training, professional rescuers consistently hyperventilated patients during out-of-hospital CPR. Subsequent hemodynamic and survival studies in pigs demonstrated that excessive ventilation rates significantly decreased coronary perfusion pressures and survival rates, despite supplemental CO2 to prevent hypocapnia. This translational research initiative demonstrates an inversely proportional relationship between mean intratracheal pressure and coronary perfusion pressure during CPR. Additional education of CPR providers is urgently needed to reduce these newly identified and deadly consequences of hyperventilation during CPR. These findings also have significant implications for interpretation and design of resuscitation research, CPR guidelines, education, the development of biomedical devices, emergency medical services quality assurance, and clinical practice.
The response of the RO-2 survey meter to mixed radiation fields (1989)

Reactor fuel reprocessing can sometimes result in radiation fields originating from nearly-pure Ru-106/Rh-106 (E{sub max} = 3.5 MeV), and field measurements are often made where beta-to-gamma ratios exceed 100-to-1. If the range of the high energy beta particles exceeds the density-thickness of the side wall and/or end window of the radiation detector, a significant fraction of the beta radiation can easily be interpreted as gamma radiation. The magnitude of the error increases as the beta-to-gamma radio increases. Calculations and measurements are presented which show the magnitude of the resulting errors. To address this problem, a modification kit was developed for the Eberline RO-2A which increased the density-thickness of both the sidewall and slide to 1040 mg/cm{sup 2}. In this paper experimental results showing the effectiveness of the modification are discussed.
Entangling Remote Nuclear Spins Linked by a Chromophore (2010)

Molecular nanostructures may constitute the fabric of future quantum technologies, if their degrees of freedom can be fully harnessed. Ideally one might use nuclear spins as low-decoherence qubits and optical excitations for fast controllable interactions. Here, we present a method for entangling two nuclear spins through their mutual coupling to a transient optically excited electron spin, and investigate its feasibility through density-functional theory and experiments on a test molecule. From our calculations we identify the specific molecular properties that permit high entangling power gates under simple optical and microwave pulses; synthesis of such molecules is possible with established techniques.
Topotecan-Vincristine-Doxorubicin in Stage 4 High-Risk Neuroblastoma Patients Failing to Achieve a Complete Metastatic Response to Rapid COJEC: A SIOPEN Study (2017)

TVD was effective in improving the response rate of high-risk neuroblastoma patients after induction with COJEC enabling them to proceed to HDT. However, the long-term benefits of TVD needs to be determined in randomized clinical trials.
Obtaining Progressive Protocols for a Simple Multiversion Database Model (1983)

MO&amp;gt;! database systems ensure the consistency of the data by means of a concurrency control scheme that USE a polynomial time on-line scheduler. Papadimirrlou and Kanellakis have shown that for the most general multiversion database model no such effective scheduler exists. In this paper we focus our attention 0 ~ an efficient multiversion database model and derive necessary and sufficient conditions for ensuring serializability and serializability without the use of transaction rollback for this model. It is shown that both t,hese classes yield additional concurrency through t.he use of mu!tiple versions. This characterization is used to derive the first general multiversion protocol which does not use transaction rollback as a means for ensuring serializability.
Does calcium ameliorate the negative effect of NaCl on melon root water transport by regulating aquaporin activity? (2000)

The hydraulic conductance (L<sub>0</sub> ) of detached, exuding root systems from melon (Cucumis melo cv. Amarillo oro) was measured. All plants received a half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution, and plants stressed either solely with NaCl (50 mM) or with NaCl (50 mM) following treatment (2 d) with CaCl<sub>2</sub> (10 mM) were compared with controls and CaCl<sub>2</sub> -treated (10 mM) plants. The L<sub>0</sub> of NaCl-treated plants was markedly decreased when compared to control and CaCl<sub>2</sub> -treated plants, but the decrease was smaller when NaCl was added to plants previously treated with CaCl<sub>2</sub> . A similar effect was observed when the flux of Ca<sup>2+</sup> into the xylem and the Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration in the plasma membrane of the root cells were determined. In control, CaCl<sub>2</sub> - and NaCl + CaCl<sub>2</sub> -treated plants, HgCl<sub>2</sub> treatment (50 μM) caused a sharp decline in L<sub>0</sub> to values similar to those of NaCl-stressed roots, but L<sub>0</sub> was restored by treatment with 5 mM DTT. However, in NaCl roots only a slight effect of Hg<sup>2+</sup> and DTT were observed. The effect of all treatments on L<sub>0</sub> was similar to that on osmotic water permeability (P<sub>f</sub> ) of individual protoplasts isolated from roots. The results suggest that NaCl decreased the passage of water through the membrane and roots by reducing the activity of Hg-sensitive water channels. The ameliorative effect of Ca<sup>2+</sup> on NaCl stress could be related to water-channel function.
A Novel Panel of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease versus Normal Aging and Frontotemporal Dementia (2007)

A panel of cerebrospinal fluid protein markers was verified by a proteomics technology which may potentially improve the accuracy of the AD diagnosis.
Microleakage of cements for stainless steel crowns. (1997)

Microleakage is related to recurrent decay, inflammation of vital pulps, and reinfection of previously treated root canals. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the abilities of new adhesive cements and conventional nonadhesive controls to prevent microleakage under stainless steel crowns on primary anterior teeth. Standardized preparations were made, and stainless steel crowns were adapted. Specimens were assigned randomly to cement groups: zinc phosphate (ZP), polycarboxylate (PC), glass-ionomer (GI), resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI), RMGI with a dentin bonding agent (RMGI + DBA), adhesive composite resin (ACR) and zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE). Specimens were stored in water, aged artificially, stained, embedded, and sectioned, and the microleakage was measured. Group means and standard errors were calculated. ANOVA discerned differences among groups (P < 0.0001), and Turkey's multiple comparisons testing (P < 0.05) ranked the groups from least to most microleakage as follows: [RMGI + DBA, RMGI, ACR, GI], [ZP], and [PC, ZOE]. The adhesive cements significantly reduced microleakage.
MPC with Nonlinear H-Infinity Control for Path Tracking of a Quad-Rotor Helicopter (2008)

Abstract: This paper presents a predictive and nonlinear robust control strategy to solve the path tracking problem for a quadrotor helicopter. The dynamic motion equations are obtained by the Lagrange-Euler formalism. The control structure is performed through a model-based predictive controller (MPC) to track the reference trajectory and a nonlinear H∞ controller to stabilize the rotational movements. Simulations results in presence of aerodynamic disturbances and parametric uncertainty are presented to corroborate the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed strategy. Copyright c © 2008 IFAC.
Ultrafast high strain rate acoustic wave measurements at high static pressure in a diamond anvil cell (2008)

We have used subpicosecond laser pulses to launch ultrahigh strain rate (∼109s−1) nonlinear acoustic waves into a 4:1 methanol-ethanol pressure medium which has been precompressed in a standard diamond anvil cell. Using ultrafast interferometry, we have characterized acoustic wave propagation into the pressure medium at static compression of up to 24GPa. We find that the velocity is dependent on the incident laser fluence, demonstrating a nonlinear acoustic response which may result in a shock wave behavior. We compare our results to low strain rate acoustic data. This technique provides controlled access to regions of thermodynamic phase space that is otherwise difficult to obtain.
The History and Gemology of Queen Conch "Pearls" (1987)

Conch "pearls" are calcareous concretions produced b y the Queen conch molliisk, Strombus gigas, which is found in various areas of the Caribbean. Although conch "pearls" occur in a range of colors, the pink are usually the most desirable. "Pearls" over 10 ct are rare, but they have been observed as large as 45 ct. They sometimes exhibit a porcelain-like luster and an unusual characteristic called flame structure, which made pink conch "pearls" quite popular in jewelry at the turn o f the last century. This article reviews the history of the conch "pearl," discusses S. gigas and its fisheries, and examines the gemologcal properties and other characteristics of this attractive material.
A VLSI Network for Variable Size FFT's (1983)

A network for the evaluation of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) is presented. Such a network is able to compute, in parallel, the FFT's of arbitrary partitions in powers of two of the N input elements. It is shown that, under a VLSI model of computations, such a design requires the same asymptotical area and attains the same throughput as the corresponding network for the evaluation of a single N-element FFT.
Two New Sesquiterpenes from the Aerial Parts of Pimpinella brachycarpa NAKAI (2013)

In continuing research onthis source, two new sesquiterpenes ( 1 and 2) and ten knownterpenes (3-12) were further isolated from the MeOHextracts. The structures were elucidated by means of spectro-scopic methods and chemical evidence. Compound 1 was obtained as a colorless gum, and itsmolecular formula C
Effect of Dopants on the Dynamic of Powder Formation and the Properties of Polymorphous Silicon Thin Films (2004)

Polymorphous silicon (pm-Si:H) is a nanostructured material produced by the dissociation of silane-hydrogen mixtures under plasma conditions where silicon radicals, clusters and agglomerates contribute to the growth. The dynamics of power formation in a capacitively coupled radio-frequency (RF) discharge has been studied as a function of dopant gas concentration through the analysis of the evolution of the second harmonic of RF current. The intrinsic and doped films were characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry, dark conductivity and Raman spectroscopy measurements. We have demonstrated the possibility of obtaining doped pm-Si:H films with transport properties comparable to those of standard amorphous silicon using trimethylboron or phosphine. We have found that the addition of trimethylboron reduces cluster and agglomerate concentration while phosphine has no prominent effect on particle formation. The best ordered polymorphous films were deposited under conditions where not only 1-2 nm clusters but even larger (~10 nm) agglomerates contribute to the growth. For these conditions the deposition rate reaches 5 A/s for i- and n-type, and 7 A/s for p-type materials. The dark conductivity at room temperature was 10 �2 �10 �3 � �1 cm �1 and 10 �6 � �1 cm �1 for the n- and p-type films, respectively.
Can dental students and dental care providers in the Netherlands effectively and safely prescribe drugs? (2020)

Dentists and dental specialists are qualified to prescribe drugs. In this study, we assessed and compared the pharmacotherapeutic knowledge and skills of final year dental students, dentists and dental specialists in the Netherlands. In 2017, a random sample of these three groups was invited to complete an assessment. The knowledge assessment comprised 40 multiple choice questions covering often prescribed drugs. The skills assessment comprised three patient cases for which participants had to write a treatment plan. For the knowledge assessment, the response rates were 26 (20%) dental students, 28 (8%) dentists and 19 (19%) dental specialists, and for the skills assessment the response rates were 14 (11%) dental students, eight (2%) dentists, and eight (8%) dental specialists. On average, all three groups had inadequate knowledge scores (smaller 80%) and only a small proportion (smaller 30%) of their treatment plans was assessed as correct. These results suggest that dental students, dentists and dental specialists lack prescribing competence, which could be caused by poor pharmacotherapy education during under- and postgraduate dental training.
Chromosome 13q deletion mapping in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: identification of two distinct regions of preferential loss. (1996)

Heal and neck squamous cell carcinomas show frequent cytogenetic alterations involving the long arm of chromosome 13. To define the extent of 13q deletions and to identify the minimal areas of chromosome loss, 48 primary squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity using 11 different polymorphic loci. About 67% of the tumors displayed loss of genetic material at 13q. Most of the cases showed loss of the entire long arm of the chromosome. However, the presence of partial deletions in 10 cases provided evidence of the existence of two preferential sites of chromosome loss at 13q32-ter and 13q14.2-q14.3. The colocalization of the 13q14 minimal region of deletion with the retinoblastoma (RB) gene, which has been proposed as an oncosuppressor in diverse tumor types, prompted us to verify the involvement of this gene in the development of head and neck cancer. No significant variation in RB protein or RB mRNA expression was detected, thus excluding a role for such a gene in the genesis of this type of tumor. Taken together, our data suggest the existence of two new tumor suppressor genes (one close to and one distal to RB), which play a role in the development and/or progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Substituted Indoles and Benzazoles by Oxidative Aromatization Using Activated Carbon—Molecular Oxygen System. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
P690 Prolonged benefit of filgotinib in patients with Ulcerative Colitis in SELECTION (2023)

Abstract Background Filgotinib (FIL) is a once-daily, oral, Janus kinase 1 preferential inhibitor approved for the treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in the UK, EU and Japan. In the phase 2b/3 SELECTION trial (NCT02914522),1 FIL 200 mg (FIL200) was well tolerated and effective in inducing and maintaining clinical remission vs placebo (PBO) in patients with UC. This post hoc analysis of SELECTION data further evaluated the prolonged benefit of FIL treatment from week 10 (W10) until W58. Methods In SELECTION, adults with moderately to severely active UC were randomized 2:2:1 to receive FIL200, FIL 100 mg (FIL100) or PBO once daily for 11 weeks in Induction (IND) Studies A and B (biologic-naïve and -experienced patients, respectively). Patients in clinical remission or with a Mayo Clinic Score (MCS) response at W10 (responders) were rerandomized 2:1 to continue their IND FIL dose in the 47-week Maintenance (MNT) Study. This post hoc analysis evaluated the hazard ratio (HR) for protocol-specified disease worsening (PSDW) in patients who continued FIL200 during MNT (FIL200→FIL200) vs those rerandomized from FIL200 to PBO (FIL200→PBO). The proportion of patients with a prolonged benefit at W58 was also evaluated across all FIL200 and FIL100 MNT arms. A prolonged benefit was defined as clinical remission or an MCS response at W58, among W10 responders. Among patients with prolonged benefit at W58, the proportion of those who had Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ)-remission at W58 was also assessed across all FIL200 and FIL100 MNT arms. Results Baseline characteristics were similar between MNT arms, although biologic-experienced status was more common in patients who did not have a prolonged benefit vs those who did. FIL200→FIL200 treatment (n=199) reduced the risk of PSDW by 74% vs FIL200→PBO (n=98) (HR [95% CI]: 0.26 [0.17–0.40]; p&amp;lt;0.0001) (Figure 1). PSDW was the most common reason for discontinuation among patients without prolonged benefit, across all arms. In the FIL200→FIL200 arm, 66.8% of patients who were in clinical remission or had an MCS response at W10 had a prolonged benefit at W58 vs 32.7% in the FIL200→PBO arm. Among patients in clinical remission at W10, 79.3% in the FIL200→FIL200 arm had a prolonged benefit (62.1% clinical remission; 17.2% MCS response) vs 44.4% in the FIL200→PBO arm (30.6% clinical remission; 13.9% MCS response) (Figure 2). In the FIL200→FIL200 arm, 82.0% of patients with prolonged benefit at W58 had IBDQ remission at W58 (Figure 3). Conclusion After a year of FIL200 treatment, two-thirds of patients who were in clinical remission or had an MCS response at W10, and ~80% who were in clinical remission at W10, had a prolonged benefit. 1. Feagan BG et al. Lancet 2021;397:2372–84.
Demodex mites modulate sebocyte immune reaction: possible role in the pathogenesis of rosacea (2018)

Demodex mites have the capacity to modulate the TLR signalling pathway of an immortalized human sebocyte line. Mites have the capacity to secrete bioactive molecules that affect the immune reactivity of sebocytes. Increasing mite numbers influenced interleukin-8 secretion by these cells.
The Decomposition of Ozone in Aqueous Solution (1978)

溶存オゾンの自己分解速度を液温3～35℃, pH2～9で測定し, 次の実験式を得た.-dC/dt=ka0 [OH-] 0.28C1.5+kb0 [OH-] 1.0C1.0ここにka0=4.6×1013exp (-17.9×103/RT) kb0=1.8×1018exp (-20.6×103/RT) C=オゾン濃度 [mol/l], [OH-];OH-イオン濃度 [mol/l], R=気体定数 [cal/mol・°K], T=絶対温度 [°K], t=時間 [sec].
Impact of the Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic on Gastroenterology Units in Italy: a National Survey (2021)

Aims This is a prospective observational web-based survey aimed to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on Gastroenterology Units in Italy.
A computer package for the parameter optimization of groundwave radar (2003)

A generalized computer simulation for groundwave radars operating in the HF band is described. It is shown how it can be used at the design stage to optimize the radar parameters for a particular application, which can vary from remote sensing of the sea state to an early warning system for detection of low-flying aircraft. A review of groundwave radar characteristics is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Survey on Medical Text Mining (2014)

Medical diagnosis is considered as an important yet complicated task that needs to be executed accurately and efficiently. The automation of this system will be very useful for the medical field. Due to recent technology advances, large masses of medical data are available. These large data contain valuable information for diagnosing diseases. Text mining techniques are using to extract useful patterns from these mass data. It provides a user-oriented approach to the novel and hidden patterns in the data. This paper intends to provide the survey of various medical text mining techniques used in medical field. The purpose of this survey is to obtain a most suitable text mining technique for the medical data.