gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic microbial infections: Manipulation of host immunity as interventional approach (1970)

Chronic viral infections represent major challenges in contemporary medicine, virology and pharmacology. The virus-bearing hosts are commonly found in every parts of the world and it is extremely difficult to manage these patients. In addition, considerable numbers of these patients develop progressive diseases and severe complications. Finally, most of these patients act as permanent reservoirs of virus. Understandings of viral life cycle during the last decade of 20th century and the first decade of 21st century have allowed development of hundreds of antiviral agents for different diseases. But, the clinical efficacy of these drugs is not yet satisfactory. In addition, virologists have provided conclusive evidences suggesting that eradication of most chronic virus from infected hosts may an unachievable goal. In this context, it is essential to develop alternative, novel, and evidence-based therapeutic maneuver for these patients. Manipulation of host immune system may be one of these approaches. We would discuss about scopes, limitations, and strategies for manipulation for controlling of chronic viral infections. The primary function of the host's immune system is to mount responses that protect the individual from various microbial infections including viruses. Host's immune responses also control the spread and virulence of the viruses [1]. This is applicable to viruses that cause acute infection. After entering the hosts, these viruses are localized in host's tissues, proliferate and induce antiviral immunity. These cellular events may cause damage and destruction of tissues and the host exhibit features of acute inflammatory diseases. However, the viruses are either almost completely eliminated from the hosts or adequately controlled in situ by host's immune systems. However, chronic infection is established by many viruses because the hosts induce improper and uncoordinated immune responses against these viruses. Most viruses cause persistent infection by evading the host immune surveillance mechanism. Both virus-related factors and host-dependent factors are primarily responsible for viral persistency in subjects with chronic viral infections. doi: 10.3329/blj.v1i1.2620 Bangladesh Liver Journal Vol.1(1) 2009 p.13-19
Combined Crystal Structure of a Type I Cohesin (2015)

Cohesin-dockerin interactions orchestrate the assembly of one of nature's most elaborate multienzyme complexes, the cellulosome. Cellulosomes are produced exclusively by anaerobic microbes and mediate highly efficient hydrolysis of plant structural polysaccharides, such as cellulose and hemicellulose. In the canonical model of cellulosome assembly, type I dockerin modules of the enzymes bind to reiterated type I cohesin modules of a primary scaffoldin. Each type I dockerin contains two highly conserved cohesin-binding sites, which confer quaternary flexibility to the multienzyme complex. The scaffoldin also bears a type II dockerin that anchors the entire complex to the cell surface by binding type II cohesins of anchoring scaffoldins. In Bacteroides cellulosolvens, however, the organization of the cohesin-dockerin types is reversed, whereby type II cohesin-dockerin pairs integrate the enzymes into the primary scaffoldin, and type I modules mediate cellulosome attachment to an anchoring scaffoldin. Here, we report the crystal structure of a type I cohesin from B. cellulosolvens anchoring scaffoldin ScaB to 1.84-Å resolution. The structure resembles other type I cohesins, and the putative dockerin-binding site, centered at β-strands 3, 5, and 6, is likely to be conserved in other B. cellulosolvens type I cohesins. Combined computational modeling, mutagenesis, and affinity-based binding studies revealed similar hydrogen-bonding networks between putative Ser/Asp recognition residues in the dockerin at positions 11/12 and 45/46, suggesting that a dual-binding mode is not exclusive to the integration of enzymes into primary cellulosomes but can also characterize polycellulosome assembly and cell-surface attachment. This general approach may provide valuable structural information of the cohesin-dockerin interface, in lieu of a definitive crystal structure.
A FIFO Rule Consistent Model for the Continuous Dynamic Network Loading Problem (2011)

This paper presents a first-in-first-out (FIFO) rule consistent model for the continuous dynamic network loading problem. The model calculates the link travel time functions at a basic finite set of equally spaced times that are used to interpolate a monotone spline for all the other times. The model assumes a nonlinear link travel time function of the link volumes, but some corrections are made to satisfy the FIFO rule at the basic set. Furthermore, the use of monotone cubic splines preserving monotonicity guarantees that the FIFO rule is satisfied at all points. The model consists of five units: 1) a path origin flow wave definition unit; 2) a path wave propagation unit; 3) a congestion analysis unit; 4) a network flow propagation unit; and 5) an inference engine unit. The path flow intensity wave, which is the basic information, is modeled as a linear combination of basic waves. Next, the individual path waves are propagated throughout the paths by using a conservation equation that stretches or enlarges the wave lengths and increases or reduces the wave heights, depending on the degree of congestion at different links. Then, the individual path waves are combined together to generate the link and node waves. Finally, the inference engine unit combines all information items to make them compatible in times and locations using the aforementioned iterative method until convergence. The method is illustrated by some examples. The results seem to reproduce the observed trends closely. The required CPU times oscillated between seconds and a few minutes.
New Radio Beam-Based Access to Unlicensed Spectrum: Design Challenges and Solutions (2019)

This paper elaborates on the design challenges, opportunities, and solutions for New Radio-based access to Unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) by taking into account the beam-based transmissions and the worldwide regulatory requirements. NR-U intends to expand the applicability of 5th generation New Radio access technology to support operation in unlicensed bands by adhering to Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) requirements for accessing the channel. LBT was already adopted by different variants of 4th generation Long Term Evolution (LTE) in unlicensed spectrum, i.e., Licensed-Assisted Access and MulteFire, to guarantee fair coexistence among different radio access technologies. In the case of beam-based transmissions, the NR-U coexistence framework is significantly different as compared to LTE in unlicensed spectrum due to the use of directional antennas, which enhance the spatial reuse but also complicate the interference management. In particular, beam-based transmissions are needed in the unlicensed spectrum at millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands, which is an attractive candidate for NR-U due to its large amount of allocated spectrum. As a consequence, some major design principles need to be revisited to address coexistence for beam-based NR-U. In this paper, different problems and the potential solutions related to channel access procedures, frame structure, initial access procedures, re-transmission procedures, and scheduling schemes are discussed. A simulation evaluation of different LBT-based channel access procedures for NR-U/Wi-Fi indoor mmWave coexistence scenarios is also provided.
Development of nanofibre abrasive buffing pad produced with modified melt blowing method (2019)

This study focuses on one of the applications of nanofibre: abrasive buffing. We proposed the oil adsorption physical model of abrasive buffing and compared it with experimental results to develop a nanofibre buffing pad. For realising the free-form nano surface, such as moulding die surface, we conducted a base experiment with different diameter fibres and different size grains and investigated its base polishing characteristics compared with commercial felt buff. From the experimental results, we considered the buffing mechanism of fibre and grain contact the workpiece surface to polish. As a result, the effect of combination of mesh size and grain size on polished surface roughness of the workpiece was demonstrated, and controlling the polished surface roughness using this low-cost new abrasive material in abrasive machining was realised.
Variability of ellipticity statistic of MIMO indoor radio channels with antenna orientation angle (2015)

Ellipticity statistic (EP) is a measure of multipath richness in MIMO channels that provides spatial multiplexing for their wireless systems. EP is as the ratio of the geometric mean and arithmetic mean of eigenvalues of MIMO channels. It measures the degradation of of mutual information (MI) from the ideal scenario . This work investigates the variability of EP as a function of antenna orientation angle that alters its vertical and horizontal radiation pattern.
Seroprevalence to the Circumsporozoite Protein Peptide Antigen of Plasmodium vivax in Korean Children (2005)

Recently, malaria re-emerged in the Republic of Korea (ROK), but there have been only a few reports on malaria seroprevalence. For the epidemiological study in children, a total of 1,176 serum samples were obtained from children and adolescent inhabitants from the three different regions, Pajoo, the Guro district in the western part of Seoul (Guro), and Ansan, from June to September 2002, when the transmission rate was high. Anti-circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antibody levels were assessed in samples using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Among the three regions, the highest IgG seroreactivity against the CSP antigen of Plasmodium vivax was found in the children from Pajoo (8.0%), followed by the children from Guro (3.2%), and those in Ansan (0.02%) had the lowest seroreactivity. In Pajoo, the profile of antibody response showed the highest in age 9, but decreased with age towards 12 years old. We found significant correlation between the seroprevalence and annual incidence in the investigated areas, suggesting that the area-related patterns reflected the differences of inoculation rates in children.
Unusual Peroxo Intermediates in the Reaction of Dioxygen with Carboxylate‐Bridged Diiron( II , II ) Paddlewheel Complexes (2002)

The structural influences of the supporting carboxylate ligand on biologically relevant Fe/O2 chemistry are emphasized by the unusual Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopic properties of the intermediate derived from 1 relative to those of known (peroxo)diferric species. These (peroxo)diferric intermediates were generated from paddlewheel complexes (L=py, MeIm, and thf) of the new carboxylate ArCO2− ligand on reaction with O2. MeIm=1-methylimidazole, py=pyridine. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2002/z17809_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Latent Viral Marketing, Concepts and Control Methods (2017)

Numerus works that study the spread of information in social networks include a spreading mechanism in which a set of nodes is initially infected (i.e. seeded), followed by a viral process, which spontaneously spread the message through the nodes of the network. These models are used to describe the spread of rumors as well as the spread of new products and services. In reality however, it is quite rare that a product or service spreads through a social networks solely by viral forces. It is more common, that the spreader would invests a continuous active effort of its sales representatives in order to enhance the spread. The Latent Viral Marketing Model is a spreading model that fits this reality. Along the description of the model, the paper continues and proposes a simple Scheduling of Seeding heuristics, which recommends the node to seed at each period. A large study of empirical simulations shows that under a wide range of realistic initial conditions, the Scheduling Seeding method improves a product adoption rate by 29%-94% in comparison to existing state-of-the-art seeding methods.
Education for political and social action in the Church and in society (2002)

Strucni clanak ukazuje na osnovne postavke krscanina u politici i socijalnom angažmanu posvjescujuci svijest odgovornosti vjernika u Hrvatskoj kao i moguce perspektive djelovanja.
An object-oriented user interface for controlling a multi-purpose robot cell (2002)

Until the 1970s, the common control interface for automatic machinery was a hard-wired interface. After that time, command-line interfaces have been used to control the systems. It is now possible to create a general, object-oriented interface for most manufacturing systems that is easy to use, learn how to use, and modify. Such an interface can benefit the user in terms of savings in time and money. The object oriented interface used for multi-purpose robot cell application, designed and implemented in the Center for Integrated Electronics and Electronics Manufacturing (CIEEM) at Rensselaer, is a flexible object oriented interface. This paper includes a description of the fully-automated robot cell created at Rensselaer and describes the user interface development and its final structure.
Temporally structured replay of neural activity in a model of entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and postsubiculum (2008)

The spiking activity of hippocampal neurons during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep exhibits temporally structured replay of spiking occurring during previously experienced trajectories. Here, temporally structured replay of place cell activity during REM sleep is modeled in a large-scale network simulation of grid cells, place cells and head direction cells. During simulated waking behavior, the movement of the simulated rat drives activity of a population of head direction cells that updates the activity of a population of entorhinal grid cells. The population of grid cells drives the activity of place cells coding individual locations. Associations between location and movement direction are encoded by modification of excitatory synaptic connections from place cells to speed modulated head direction cells. During simulated REM sleep, the population of place cells coding an experienced location activates the head direction cells coding the associated movement direction. Spiking of head direction cells then causes frequency shifts within the population of entorhinal grid cells to update a phase representation of location. Spiking grid cells then activate new place cells that drive new head direction activity. In contrast to models that perform temporally compressed sequence retrieval similar to sharp wave activity, this model can simulate data on temporally structured replay of hippocampal place cell activity during REM sleep at time scales similar to those observed during waking. These mechanisms could be important for episodic memory of trajectories.
3ds Max Bible (2008)

The only comprehensive reference-tutorial on 3ds Max available, this book is everyone's favorite. Whether you're a beginner looking for 3D basics or a full-fledged animator seeking new ways to dazzle viewers with your creations, it's all here. You'll find pages of professional tips, loads of advice, and more than 150 step-by-step tutorials guaranteed to build your skills and spark your creativity. A 16-page color insert highlights cutting-edge work from 3D artists. A valuable companion DVD provides all the examples and content from the book, including unique models and textures you can customize on your own, and a searchable, full-color version of the book. 3ds Max 2009 Bible covers both 3ds Max 2009 and 3ds Max 2009 Design and covers: Navigating the viewports with the ViewCube, SteeringWheels, and other ways. Creating realistic materials with new ProMaterials. Using Spline Mapping to improve texture mapping over irregular shaped objects. Blending multiple texture maps together with the new Composite Map. Creating architectural walkthroughs with the Walkthrough Assistant. Don't miss out on the newest version of this bestselling resource!
Physicians pulling back from charity care. (2001)

Physicians have long provided care to the medically indigent for free or at reduced rates. However, recent findings from the Center for Studying Health System Change (HSC) indicate that the proportion of physicians providing charity care dropped from 76 percent to 72 percent between 1997 and 1999. In the short term, most medically indigent people are still getting care. But policy makers should take note that reduced physician participation in charity care will hurt the poor if-as projected-growth in physician supply slows and the number of uninsured rises along with escalating health care costs. This Issue Brief discusses the extent of the decline in physician provision of charity care, the reasons for the decline and implications for the future of the safety net.
Fabricating Thin-Film Transistors on Plastic Substrates Using Spin Etching and Device Transfer (2005)

This work presents a novel method for transferring thin-film transistors (TFTs) from a Si wafer to another flexible plastic substrate. First, high-performance poly-Si TFTs were fabricated on a 1.5 μm thick on a Si wafer and then attached to a flexible plastic substrate by optical adhesive. Next, spin-etching was utilized to remove the backside Si, using as a stopping layer. A qualitative model was established to explain the relationship between the chemical flow rate/rotation speed to the etching rate and the uniformity of Si removal. The Si etching rate exceeded 200 μm/min while the Si to selectivity of 250 was maintained given optimized spin-etching parameters. Substrate bonding and Si spin-etching steps caused no degradation or yield loss as compared to the electrical characteristics before transference. Additionally, extrinsic stress only weakly affected the properties of poly-Si resistors and TFTs on a flexible plastic substrate. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Mode Selective Azimuthally Asymmetric Cavity for Terahertz Gyrotrons (2020)

A method of improving the selectivity of open cavities of electron cyclotron masers (gyrotrons) operating at high cyclotron harmonics in the terahertz frequency range is proposed and described. This method is purely electrodynamical and based on a simple deformation of the cavity wall. The proposed approach paves the way for the increase in the gyrotron frequencies and for enhancing the selectivity of open cavities in other applications.
Modeling, analysis, and code/data validation of DIII-D tokamak divertor experiments on ELM and non-ELM plasma tungsten sputtering erosion (2020)

Abstract We analyzed recent DIII-D tokamak tungsten divertor probe experiments using advanced, coupled, sputter erosion/redeposition, plasma, and surface response code packages. Modeling is done for ELMing H-mode, and L-mode plasmas, impinging on various size tungsten deposits on Divertor Material Evaluation System (DiMES) carbon probes. The simulations compute 3D, full kinetic, sub-gyromotion, impurity sputtering and transport, including changes in tungsten surface composition and response due to mixed deuterium and carbon ions irradiation. Per our analysis, ELM (edge localized mode) plasma sputtering in DIII-D mostly involves free-streaming high energy (∼500–1000 eV) D + and C +6 ions, with high near-surface plasma density. L-Mode sputtering is due to impurity sputtering (C, W) only, with lower density. All cases show complete redeposition of tungsten on the divertor, with significant redeposition on the tungsten spots themselves, and low self-sputtering. Comparison of ELM plasma gross tungsten erosion simulation results with in-situ spectroscopic data is good, as are code/data comparisons of net erosion using post-exposure Rutherford backscattering (RBS) data for the L-mode probes. The analysis, extrapolated to a full tungsten divertor, implies low net erosion and negligible plasma contamination from sputtering. These results support the use of high-Z plasma facing surfaces in ITER and beyond.
Influence of Visual Motion, Suggestion, and Illusory Motion on Self-Motion Perception in the Horizontal Plane (2015)

A moving visual field can induce the feeling of self-motion or vection. Illusory motion from static repeated asymmetric patterns creates a compelling visual motion stimulus, but it is unclear if such illusory motion can induce a feeling of self-motion or alter self-motion perception. In these experiments, human subjects reported the perceived direction of self-motion for sway translation and yaw rotation at the end of a period of viewing set visual stimuli coordinated with varying inertial stimuli. This tested the hypothesis that illusory visual motion would influence self-motion perception in the horizontal plane. Trials were arranged into 5 blocks based on stimulus type: moving star field with yaw rotation, moving star field with sway translation, illusory motion with yaw, illusory motion with sway, and static arrows with sway. Static arrows were used to evaluate the effect of cognitive suggestion on self-motion perception. Each trial had a control condition; the illusory motion controls were altered versions of the experimental image, which removed the illusory motion effect. For the moving visual stimulus, controls were carried out in a dark room. With the arrow visual stimulus, controls were a gray screen. In blocks containing a visual stimulus there was an 8s viewing interval with the inertial stimulus occurring over the final 1s. This allowed measurement of the visual illusion perception using objective methods. When no visual stimulus was present, only the 1s motion stimulus was presented. Eight women and five men (mean age 37) participated. To assess for a shift in self-motion perception, the effect of each visual stimulus on the self-motion stimulus (cm/s) at which subjects were equally likely to report motion in either direction was measured. Significant effects were seen for moving star fields for both translation (p = 0.001) and rotation (p<0.001), and arrows (p = 0.02). For the visual motion stimuli, inertial motion perception was shifted in the direction consistent with the visual stimulus. Arrows had a small effect on self-motion perception driven by a minority of subjects. There was no significant effect of illusory motion on self-motion perception for either translation or rotation (p>0.1 for both). Thus, although a true moving visual field can induce self-motion, results of this study show that illusory motion does not.