gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Chronic Stable Angina (1977)

We evaluated the effect of saphenous-vein-bypass grafting on survival in patients with chronic stable angina by comparing medical and surgical treatment in a large-scale, prospective randomized study. Excluding patients with left-main-coronary-artery disease who have already been reported, a total of 596 patients were entered into this study; when randomized into a medical group (310 patients) and a surgical group (286 patients), entry clinical and angiographic base lines were comparable. Operative mortality at 30 days was 5.6 per cent. At an average of one year after operation, 69 per cent of all grafts were patent, and 88 per cent of the surgical patients had atleast one patent graft. There was no statistically significant difference in survival, at a minimal follow-up interval of 21 months, between patients treated medically and those treated with saphenous-vein-bypass grafting. At 36 months, 87 per cent of the medical group and 88 per cent of the surgical group were alive.
A Low-Jitter Sub-Sampling PLL With a Sub-Sampling DLL (2021)

A sub-sampling phase-locked loop (SSPLL) with a sub-sampling delay-locked loop is presented to extend the loop bandwidth and achieve the low jitter. A falling-edge tuning loop is added to align the falling edge of the reference clock with the rising one of the output clock. The proposed SSPLL is realized in a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.18 {\mu }\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process and its active area is 0.185mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . At the output frequency of 2.2GHz, the proposed SSPLL achieves an in-band phase noise of −111.83dBc/Hz and −116.41dBc/Hz at 100kHz and 4MHz offset frequency respectively with a division ratio of 44. Its root-mean-square jitter integrated from 10kHz to 100MHz is 655fs. The measured reference spur is −50.3dBc.
Characterization of Dmrt3-Derived Neurons Suggest a Role within Locomotor Circuits (2018)

Neuronal networks within the spinal cord, collectively known as the central pattern generator (CPG), coordinate rhythmic movements underlying locomotion. The transcription factor doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor 3 (DMRT3) is involved in the differentiation of the dorsal interneuron 6 class of spinal cord interneurons. In horses, a non-sense mutation in the <i>Dmrt3</i> gene has major effects on gaiting ability, whereas mice lacking the <i>Dmrt3</i> gene display impaired locomotor activity. Although the <i>Dmrt3</i> gene is necessary for normal spinal network formation and function in mice, a direct role for <i>Dmrt3</i>-derived neurons in locomotor-related activities has not been demonstrated. Here we present the characteristics of the <i>Dmrt3</i>-derived spinal cord interneurons. Using transgenic mice of both sexes, we characterized interneurons labeled by their expression of Cre driven by the endogenous <i>Dmrt3</i> promoter. We used molecular, retrograde tracing and electrophysiological techniques to examine the anatomical, morphological, and electrical properties of the Dmrt3-Cre neurons. We demonstrate that inhibitory Dmrt3-Cre neurons receive extensive synaptic inputs, innervate surrounding CPG neurons, intrinsically regulate CPG neuron's electrical activity, and are rhythmically active during fictive locomotion, bursting at frequencies independent to the ventral root output. The present study provides novel insights on the character of spinal <i>Dmrt3</i>-derived neurons, data demonstrating that these neurons participate in locomotor coordination.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> In this work, we provide evidence for a role of the Dmrt3 interneurons in spinal cord locomotor circuits as well as molecular and functional insights on the cellular and microcircuit level of the Dmrt3-expressing neurons in the spinal cord. Dmrt3 neurons provide the first example of an interneuron population displaying different oscillation frequencies. This study presents novel findings on an under-reported population of spinal cord neurons, which will aid in deciphering the locomotor network and will facilitate the design and development of therapeutics for spinal cord injury and motor disorders.
Syntheses and Theoretical Study of Palladium(II) Complexes with Aminophosphines as 7-Membered Chelate Rings (1997)

Nature of palladium(Ⅱ) complexes with 7-membered chelates was studied by experimental and theoretical methods on a Pd(L)Cl2 system, where L is Ph2PNHCH2CH2NHPPh2(L1), Ph2PNHC6H4NHPPh2(L2). The palladium(Ⅱ) complexes were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, 1H, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Ab initio calculations with geometry optimizations were also performed for related model systems, Pd(L)Cl2; L=R2PNH(CH2)2NHPR2(L3), R2PNHC6H4NHPR2(L4), R2P(CH2)4PR2(L5), R2PCH2(C6H4)CH2PR2(L6); R=H, CH3.
Gas adsorption and gas mixture separations using mixed-ligand MOF material (2023)

A method of separating a mixture of carbon dioxiode and hydrocarbon gas using a mixed-ligand, metal-organic framework (MOF) material having metal ions coordinated to carboxylate ligands and pyridyl ligands.
Value profiling (1997)

Identifying variables as invariant or constant at compile-time allows the compiler to perform optimizations including constant folding, code specialization, and partial evaluation. Some variables, which cannot be labeled as constants, may exhibit behavior. A semi-invariant variable is one that cannot be identified as a constant at compile-time, but has a high degree of invariant behavior at run-time. If run-time information was available to identify these variables as semi-invariant, they could then benefit from invariant-based compiler optimizations. In this paper we examine the invariance found from profiling instruction values, and show that many instructions have values even across different inputs. We also investigate the ability to estimate the invariance for all instructions in a program from only profiling load instructions. In addition, we propose a new type of profiling called Convergent Profiling. Estimating the invariance from loads and convergent profiling are used to reduce the profiling time needed to generate an accurate value profile. The value profile can then be used to automatically guide code generation for dynamic compilation, adaptive execution, code specialization, partial evaluation and other compiler optimizations.
Three-dimensional modeling study of the low-permeability petroleum system of the Bakken Formation (2012)

The Bakken Formation of the Williston Basin is a prime example of an unconventionally produced petroleum system, with a low-permeability reservoir that requires application of advanced technologies for commercial production. A three-dimensional model of the Williston Basin was constructed to integrate and assess the parameters that influence the generation and migration of hydrocarbons in the Bakken Formation. This study tests the applicability of available basin and petroleum system modeling technology on an unusually low-permeability petroleum system. The model is based on nine surfaces constructed from log tops of thousands of wells in the study area and additional depth and isopach maps of the Bakken Formation members. These were integrated with the established basin evolution in line with published research. Temperature and thermal maturity were calibrated during model construction from well temperature and geochemistry data. The resulting heat-flow map supports the existence of a heat-flow anomaly along longitude 103W, discussed controversially in the literature. Furthermore, the results indicate that the invasion-percolation migration approach best describes the distribution of petroleum accumulation and the saturated areas in the Bakken members. The volume of generated hydrocarbons was calculated, and the extent of the highly saturated accumulation beyond the area of the high-mature source was mapped. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that petroleum accumulations beyond the high-saturation zones have to be related to stratigraphic pinch-outs, lateral variability in permeability of the Bakken members, or smaller structural influences that were lost because of the resolution applied in the model.
A Framework of a Surface Generation Model in Fast Tool Servo (FTS) Machining of Optical Microstructures (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Molecular and phenotypic diversity of <I>CBL</I>-mutated juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (2020)

Mutations in the gene CBL were first identified in adults with various myeloid malignancies. Some patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) were also noted to harbor mutations in CBL, but were found to have generally less aggressive disease courses compared to other forms of Ras pathway-mutant JMML. Importantly, and in contrast to most reports in adults, the majority of CBL mutations in JMML patients are germline with acquired uniparental disomy occurring in affected marrow cells. Here, we systematically studied a large cohort of 33 JMML patients with CBL mutations and found this disease to be highly diverse in presentation and overall outcome. Moreover, we discovered somatically-acquired CBL mutations in 15% of pediatric patients who presented with more aggressive disease. Neither clinical features nor methylation profiling were able to distinguish somatic CBL patients from germline CBL patients, highlighting the need for germline testing. Overall, we demonstrate that disease courses are quite heterogeneous even among germline CBL patients. Prospective clinical trials are warranted to find ideal treatment strategies for this diverse cohort of patients.
Comfort and Hygiene of Dairy Cows Lying on Bedding Limestone vs. Separated Solids (2007)

The use of inorganic types of bedding for freestalls has increased in recent years. Dolomite limestone (DL) has been increasing in popularity. Alternatively, reclaimed manure solids (RMS), is of interest to many dairy producers. The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of DL, and RMS on bacterial growth in bedding and on udder health, hygiene, and comfort of dairy cows. Four pens with 104 2 cows each were used in a switch-back design (2 one-month periods). Fresh bedding was applied every 2 d. Cow comfort quotient (proper stall use as a percentage of cows) tended to be greater for cows in stalls bedded with DL (82 vs. 80%, P = 0.16). Cow cleanliness was greater (1.8 vs. 2.0, P < 0.10), and hock injury scores decreased (0.9 vs. 0.8, P < 0.10) in cows bedded with RMS. Within fresh DL, counts of Streptococcus and coliforms were less than 0.1 % of those found in RMS. Streptococcus and coliform counts were decreased in DL bedding compared with RMS (P < 0.01). Milk production, milk components, and somatic cell counts were unaffected by bedding type. Staphylococcus spp and Streptococcus nonagalactiae counts were decreased in milk from cows bedded with DL (P < 0.05), although coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus tended to be greater (P < 0.2). Both bedding types provided satisfactory performance, but RMS improved cow cleanliness and hock condition and DL provided better control of environmental species of bacteria in bedding of freestalls for dairy cows.
Secure Fragmentation for Content-Centric Networks (2015)

Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is a communication paradigm that emphasizes content distribution. Named-Data Networking (NDN) is an instantiation of CCN, a candidate Future Internet Architecture. NDN supports human-readable content naming and router-based content caching which lends itself to efficient, secure, and scalable content distribution. Because of NDN's fundamental requirement that each content object must be signed by its producer, fragmentation has been considered incompatible with NDN since it precludes authentication of individual content fragments by routers. The alternative is to perform hop-by-hop reassembly, which incurs prohibitive delays. In this paper, we show that secure and efficient content fragmentation is both possible and even advantageous in NDN and similar content-centric network architectures that involve signed content. We design a concrete technique that facilitates efficient and secure content fragmentation in NDN, discuss its security guarantees and assess performance. We also describe a prototype implementation and compare performance of cut-through with hop-by-hop fragmentation and reassembly.
Reducing the Human Effort in Developing PET-CT Registration (2019)

We aim to reduce the tedious nature of developing and evaluating methods for aligning PET-CT scans from multiple patient visits. Current methods for registration rely on correspondences that are created manually by medical experts with 3D manipulation, or assisted alignments done by utilizing mutual information across CT scans that may not be consistent when transferred to the PET images. Instead, we propose to label multiple key points across several 2D slices, which we then fit a key curve to. This removes the need for creating manual alignments in 3D and makes the labelling process easier. We use these key curves to define an error metric for the alignments that can be computed efficiently. While our metric is non-differentiable, we further show that we can utilize it during the training of our deep model via a novel method. Specifically, instead of relying on detailed geometric labels -- e.g., manual 3D alignments -- we use synthetically generated deformations of real data. To incorporate robustness to changes that occur between visits other than geometric changes, we enforce consistency across visits in the deep network's internal representations. We demonstrate the potential of our method via qualitative and quantitative experiments.
The Manhattan World Assumption: Regularities in Scene Statistics which Enable Bayesian Inference (2000)

Preliminary work by the authors made use of the so-called \\Manhattan world&amp;quot; assumption about the scene statistics of city and indoor scenes. This assumption stated that such scenes were built on a cartesian grid which led to regularities in the image edge gradient statistics. In this paper we explore the general applicability of this assumption and show that, surprisingly, it holds in a large variety of less structured environments including rural scenes. This enables us, from a single image, to determine the orientation of the viewer relative to the scene structure and also to detect target objects which are not aligned with the grid. These inferences are performed using a Bayesian model with probability distributions (e.g. on the image gradient statistics) learnt from real data. 1 Introduction In recent years, there has been growing interest in the statistics of natural images (see Huang and Mumford [4] for a recent review). Our focus, however, is on the discovery of sce...
Analysis of human plasma products: polymerase chain reaction does not discriminate between live and inactivated viruses (1997)

Pasteurization or SD treatment destroys the infectivity of the viruses tested, but neither significantly affects their detectability by specific PCR. Therefore PCR is not a suitable measure for testing the viral safety of finished plasma products that have been subjected to virus inactivation.
Selective In Situ Parasympathetic Control of the Canine Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Nodes (1973)

Methods were devised for the selective alteration of parasympathetic control over the sinoatrial (SA) or the atrioventricular (AV) node in anesthetized, thoracotomized mongrel dogs. Two epicardial sites were located at which parasympathetic nerve fibers enroute to the SA or the AV node could be stimulated or blocked. Selective nerve stimulation was accomplished with brief pulses (0.05 msec), and blockade was accomplished with topically applied lidocaine. At the intercaval site, only the SA node was affected. At the site near the coronary sinus ostium, only the AV node was affected in terms of parasympathetic control, but sometimes there were modest sympathetic effects on the SA node. The effects of stimulation at these sites, except for the SA speeding produced by stimulation at the site near the coronary sinus, were blocked by atropine. The effects were also blocked by ganglionic blockade. Probably, preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the nodes are concentrated at these sites.
Exploring single-sample SNP and INDEL calling with whole-genomede novoassembly (2012)

http://github.com/lh3/fermi
Structure-activity studies on benzhydrol-containing nipecotic acid and guvacine derivatives as potent, orally-active inhibitors of GABA uptake (1992)

The introduction of lipophilic groups onto the ring nitrogen of nipecotic acid and guvacine, two known GABA uptake inhibitors, afforded potent, orally-active anticonvulsant drugs. A series of compounds is reported which explores the structure-activity relationships (SAR) in this series. Among the areas explored: side-chain SAR (aromatic-, heterocyclic-, and tricyclic-containing side chains) and modifications to the tetrahydropyridine ring. The benzhydrol ether-containing side chains afforded the most potent compounds with several exhibiting in vitro IC50 values for GABA uptake of < 1 microM (including 5, Table I; 37, 43, Table IV; and 44, Table V). Compound 44 was selected for extensive evaluation and subsequently progressed to Phase 1 clinical trials with severe adverse effects seen after single dose administration to humans.
Automatic detection and tracking of the region of interest during fluoroscopy-guided procedures for radiation exposure reduction (2021)

The rise in number of fluoroscopy-guided procedures has prompted strategies for radiation management in order to minimize exposure to ionizing radiation in patients and healthcare personnel. The FluoroShield system utilizes an artificial intelligence (AI) approach towards radiation exposure reduction. The system automatically tracks the region of interest (ROI) in real-time, controls a rapid lead shutter for collimating the X-ray beam to the ROI, and blends the imaged ROI with the entire field of view that is updated at a lower frame rate to present, at all times, a full image to the operator. In this work, we discuss the AI-based component of the system that is used for tracking the ROI in endoscopic procedures. Known as the auto-ROI processor (ARP), the methodology comprises a merged architecture of convolutional neural networks for object detection that allows for both fine and contextual features to be captured. The detection probabilities are incorporated within a particle filtering framework for spatial and temporal updating of the ROI in a Bayesian approach. The ARP's performance is evaluated on fluoroscopic sequences, taking into consideration the estimated radiation reduction rates. The reduction in radiation exposure based on simulations is comparable to the reported values in a clinical study.
Isomorphous substitution in non-linear optical KTiOPO4: neutron powder diffraction study of KTiO(P0.5As0.5)O4 (1992)

The structure of KTiO(P0.5As0.5)O4 has been determined by time-of-flight neutron diffraction Pn21a, a= 12.9695(8)Å, b= 10.6898(7)Å, c= 6.4932(4)Å, V= 900.2(2)Å3, Rp= 2.88, wRp= 4.23. The arsenic atoms enter the phosphorous sites in a random fashion. Powder second-harmonic generation (SHG) data reveal a correlation between the Ti(1)— O(9)— Ti(2) bond angle and the non-linear optical (NLO) coefficient in the KTiOP1 –xAsxO4system.
Case-only Methods Identified Genetic Loci Predicting a Subgroup of Men with Reduced Risk of High-grade Prostate Cancer by Finasteride (2018)

In the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT), genotypes that may modify the effect of finasteride on the risk of prostate cancer have not been identified. Germline genetic data from 1,157 prostate cancer cases in PCPT were analyzed by case-only methods. Genotypes included 357 SNPs from 83 candidate genes in androgen metabolism, inflammation, circadian rhythm, and other pathways. Univariate case-only analysis was conducted to evaluate whether individual SNPs modified the finasteride effect on the risk of high-grade and low-grade prostate cancer. Case-only classification trees and random forests, which are powerful machine learning methods with resampling-based controls for model complexity, were employed to identify a predictive signature for genotype-specific treatment effects. Accounting for multiple testing, a single SNP in <i>SRD5A1</i> gene (rs472402) significantly modified the finasteride effect on high-grade prostate cancer (Gleason score > 6) in PCPT (family-wise error rate < 0.05). Men carrying GG genotype at this locus had a 55% reduction of the risk in developing high-grade cancer when assigned to finasteride (RR = 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.75). Additional effect-modifying SNPs with moderate statistical significance were identified by case-only trees and random forests. A prediction model built by the case-only random forest method with 28 selected SNPs classified 37% of PCPT men to have reduced risk of high-grade prostate cancer when taking finasteride, while the others have increased risk. In conclusion, case-only methods identified SNPs that modified the effect of finasteride on the risk of high-grade prostate cancer and predicted a subgroup of men who had reduced cancer risk by finasteride.
The detection of chronic cerebral hemorrhage in rabbits with magnetic induction (2012)

Chronic cerebral hemorrhage (CCH) in the brain is an important clinical problem that is often monitored and studied with expensive devices such as MRI and PET, which are not readily available in low economical resource parts of the world. We have developed a less expensive tool for non-contact monitoring of CCH in the brain. The system measures the phase shift between the electromagnetic signals on the two coils. CCH was induced in the brain of rabbits by stereotactic method. Intracranial pressure (ICP) and Electrocardiograph (ECG) of subjects were monitored for 1.5h. Signals were continuously monitored up to t=1.5h at exciting frequency 10.7MHz. From 0.8 to 2.4 ml of autologous blood was injected (each injection quantity of 0.8 ml, the interval time for 30 minutes). The results show significant phase shifts increase as a function of injection volume. ICP and phase shift were directly proportional to the related, while HRV were stable around 200beats*min-1. Our system has high sensitivity that even 0.8 ml can also be detected. In this study, the curves of inductive phase shift are significantly related to ICP. This observation suggests that the method could be valuable, in addition to continuous monitoring, also for early warning in emergency medicine and critical care units.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance compatible physical model of the left ventricle for multi-modality characterization of wall motion and hemodynamics (2015)

The model presented here can thus be used for the purposes of: (a) acquiring CMR data for validation of FSI simulations, (b) determining accuracy of cine-CMR reconstruction methods, and