gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vitro</i> evaluation of candidate <i>Bacillus</i> spp. for animal feed (2017)

The aim of this study was to select aerobic spore-formers for animal feed based on their in vitro probiotic potential, including their enzyme-producing ability and safety assessment. Seven isolates out of 187 spore-forming bacteria were selected for their ability to produce cellulase (89.21-1668.32 U/ml), xylanase (1399.68-4351.10 U/ml), and phytase (2.72-28.70 U/ml). Among seven isolates, five had activities towards a broad range of p-nitrophenyl esters with acyl chain lengths from C2 to C12. The probiotic properties of all selected isolates varied with respect to their acid and bile salt tolerance under simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions, and their adherence ability to human intestinal cell lines (Caco-2 and HT-29). The safety assessment revealed that the isolate CM40 was not cytotoxic to Caco-2 and HT-29, did not exhibit hemolytic activity, carried no enterotoxin or emetic toxin genes, and was susceptible to ten antibiotics, including six key antibiotics (chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, streptomycin, and kanamycin) as recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Co-incubation of isolate CM40 with enteric bacteria (Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Enteritidis 1781, and Escherichia coli) demonstrated that CM40 significantly decreased the number of pathogens (about 30-48%) adhering to Caco-2 and HT-29 (P < 0.05). Analysis of gene encoding 16S rRNA, gyrase A (gyrA) and the cheA histidine kinase revealed that CM40 belongs to Bacillus subtilis. On the basis of probiotic properties and basic safety aspects, the B. subtilis strain CM40 was found to possess desirable in vitro probiotic properties, and may be a potential candidate for supplementation of animal feed.
Micromechanical Characterization of Lake-Deposited Clays from the Valley of Mexico (2006)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Självbestämmande för vuxna elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning : En fallstudie inom Särskild utbildning för vuxna (2017)

The purpose of the study is to describe self-determination within a group of adult students with intellectual disability in the school form Special education for adults. In order to describe the purpose more clearly, two main questions have been raised: how does the students’ self-determination appear in the teaching situation and how do the teachers reason about the students’ self-determination? A qualitative case study was chosen as a research method. For the case study two interviews with teachers and four observations of classroom situations were conducted. During the four observation sessions, four students and one teacher participated. In this study, hermeneutic and empowerment are used as theoretical starting points. Using a hermeneutical approach, the material was interpreted and the result came to be thematized based on content and meaning. To discover how self-determination was expressed in the group, empowerment theory was used as a tool for analysis. The results were then analyzed from two different perspectives: process and outcomes, but also from different levels: individual, organizational and community level. The study shows that self-determination is rooted in the group. Even though the study shows that students’ self-determination is taken into consideration, this work is not an active, conscious choice from the teachers.
Different sites for lateral facilitation and contour integration (2004)

Purpose. Although it is commonly assumed that lateral spatial facilitation and contour integration have a common neural basis, we have previously shown some important differences between these two phenomena (Williams & Hess, JOSA,1998). Here we ask whether they have a common cortical site. For three subjects, we compared each task under monocular, binocular, dichoptic and stereoscopic viewing conditions to see if their respective sites are before or after binocular combination and/or disparity coding. Methods Using a standard 2AFC task, observers either indicated which of two interval containing high contrast flanking Gabors, contained a central Gabor target (lateral facilitation) or which of two intervals containing arrays of randomly oriented Gabor elements, contained a subset of Gabor elements aligned along a contour (the contour task). Results Lateral facilitation is not present under either dichoptic or stereoscopic viewing whereas contour integration operates under both conditions. Conclusion The processing site for lateral facilitation is different from that of contour integration. While both are cortical, the former involves monocular cells whereas the latter involves binocular as well as disparity-sensitive cells.
Analysis of respiratory syncytial virus genetic variability with amplified cDNAs (1993)

Antigenic and genetic heterogeneities exist within the two major antigenic groups of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus. We developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay that not only differentiates the two RS virus groups but allows distinctions within groups on the basis of changes in the nucleotide sequences, as revealed by restriction fragment analysis. In this assay, viral RNA served as a template for cDNA synthesis with extension from a synthetic oligonucleotide primer complementary to bases 164 to 186 in the F protein mRNA. For PCR amplification, two group-specific 5' primers were added. The two primers corresponded to the G protein mRNA sequence of group B (bases 10 to 30) or group A (bases 247 to 267) RS virus. Agarose gel electrophoresis readily discriminated the 1.1-kb group B and the 0.9-kb group A virus amplification products. All 47 viruses tested were assigned to the same group by both PCR and monoclonal antibody reaction pattern analysis. Restriction fragment analysis of the amplified DNAs revealed 12 restriction patterns for group A viruses and 7 restriction patterns for group B viruses, while the monoclonal antibody reaction patterns revealed seven patterns for group A viruses and 3 patterns for group B viruses. Most viruses with the same monoclonal antibody reaction patterns had different restriction patterns, and some viruses with the same restriction patterns had different monoclonal antibody reaction patterns. Thus, the results of the PCR assay concurred with the monoclonal antibody reaction pattern analysis for group classification of RS viruses, while the restriction fragment analysis identified greater diversity within groups than was seen with the monoclonal antibody analysis.
Dual-loop DPLL gear-shifting algorithm for fast synchronization (1997)

Since most digital phase-locked loops (DPLL's) used in digital data transmission receivers require both fast acquisition of input frequency and phase in the beginning and substantial jitter reduction in the steady state, the DPLL loop bandwidth should be adjusted accordingly. In this paper, three bandwidth adjusting (gear-shifting) algorithms are presented, which allow both fast acquisition and significant jitter reduction for each different noise environment and hardware requirement. These algorithms suggest an optimal sequence of control parameters for a dual-loop DPLL which achieves the fastest initial acquisition time by trying to minimize the jitter variance in any given time instant. The algorithms can be used for carrier recovery or clock recovery in mobile communications, local area networks and disk drives that require a short initial preamble period.
Disposition of KW-4679. (2). Absorption, Distribution, Excretion of 14C-KW-4679 after Multiple Oral Administrations in Rats and Effect of KW-4679 on Drug Metabolizing Enzyme in Rats. (1995)

雄性ラットに 14C-KW-4679 1mg/kg 単回および21日間反復経口投与時の体内動態および非標識 KW-4679 を雌性ラットに7日間反復経口投与した時の薬物代謝酵素系におよぼす影響について検討した．1．14C-KW-4679 1mg/kg 1日1回 1，7，14および21回反復投与後の血漿中放射能濃度はそれぞれ，7.8，10.8，13.3 および 12.1ng eq./ml と 14C-KW-4679 の体内動態は 744回投与の間に定常状態に達すると考えられた．21回投与後の血漿中放射能の Cmax および AUC0-24 は単回投与後の Cmax および AUC0-24 とほぼ同様であったが，最終回投与後の24時間値(トラフレベル)は単回投与後の24時間値の 1.2倍であった．一部の組織の放射能濃度は投与回数を増すに従い増加したが，血液，血漿中放射能濃度と同様に7-14回投与にかけて定常状態に達すると考えられた．最終回投与後の組織内放射能濃度は経時的に減少したが，特に脂肪からの消失が単回投与後に比べて遅延していた．2．各回投与後24時間毎の尿および糞中への放射能の排泄率は8回投与以降ほぼ一定となった．21回投与後168時間までの総累積排泄率は尿中に 36.5%，糞中に 57.2%であり，この比率は1回投与後からほぼ一定であった．3．雌性ラットに KW-4679 を 0.1-25mg/kg の投与量範囲で7日間反復経口投与しても肝ミクロゾーム薬物代謝酵素系に影響を与えなかった．
Powder Metallurgy Route to Ultrafine‐Grained Refractory Metals (2022)

Ultrafine-grained (UFG) refractory metals are promising materials for applications in aerospace, microelectronics, nuclear energy, and many others under extreme environments. Powder metallurgy (PM) allows to produce such materials with well-controlled chemistry and microstructure at multiple length scales and near-net shape manufacturing. However, sintering refractory metals to full density while maintaining a fine microstructure is still challenging due to the high sintering temperature and the difficulty to separate the kinetics of densification versus grain growth. Here an overview of the sintering issues, microstructural design rules, and PM practices towards UFG and nanocrystalline refractory metals are sought to be provided. The previous efforts shall be reviewed to address the processing challenges, including the use of fine/nanopowders, second-phase grain growth inhibitors, and field-assisted sintering techniques. Recently, pressureless two-step sintering has been successfully demonstrated in producing dense UFG refractory metals down to ≈300 nm average grain size with a uniform microstructure and this technological breakthrough shall be reviewed. PM progresses in specific materials systems shall be next reviewed, including elementary metals (W and Mo), refractory alloys (W-Re), refractory high-entropy alloys, and their composites. Last, future developments and the endeavor towards UFG and nanocrystalline refractory metals with exceptionally uniform microstructure and improved properties are outlined.
Mobile Robot Localization Using the Phase of Passive UHF RFID Signals (2013)

This paper presents a global localization system for an indoor autonomous vehicle equipped with odometry sensors and a radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader to interrogate tags located on the ceiling of the environment. The RFID reader can measure the phase of the signals coming from responding tags. This phase has non-univocal dependence on the distance robot tag, but in the considered frequency, it is really sensitive to a change in the position of the robot. For this reason, a multihypothesis Kalman filtering approach provides a really satisfactory performance even in the case that a very small density of tags is used: In the experimental tests, an average position estimation error of about 4 cm is achieved using only two tags for an area of about 5 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Cadmium binding by biological ligands. 3. Five- and seven-cadmium binding in metallothionein: a detailed thermodynamic study (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCadmium binding by biological ligands. 3. Five- and seven-cadmium binding in metallothionein: a detailed thermodynamic studyAlex Avdeef, Andrzej J. Zelazowski, and Justine S. GarveyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 12, 1928–1933Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00206a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00206a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel packet switching framework with binary information in demand side management (2013)

Inspired by the success of packet switched data transfer that improves the fairness and efficiency in communication networks, this paper proposes a novel concept of packetized energy that is capable of improving the performance of the smart grid in providing demand response. Here the term packetized refers to a temporal quantization into fixed length intervals of energy authorization based on binary information - energy is either requested by an appliance if it wishes to consume or withdrawn if the desired consumption level is reached. We model the energy request and withdrawal process as a queuing system with multiple servers and probabilistic returns. We derive an analytical expression for the mean waiting time (MWT) per authorization as a function of the packet length. We show that with short packet duration the MWT of the packet switching framework is smaller than the system without packet switching, and that the total waiting time (TWT) to complete the service remains the same. Consequently, the packet switched framework guarantees fairness in energy delivery when limited resources are available. We also provide a sensitivity analysis of the MWT and the TWT in terms of the packet length. Results show that the TWT is more robust to the change of packet length than the MWT. Simulations are provided to verify theoretical results.
Double agents: genes with both oncogenic and tumor-suppressor functions (2018)

The role of genetic components in cancer development is an area of interest for cancer biologists in general. Intriguingly, some genes have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressor functions. In this study, we systematically identified these genes through database search and text mining. We find that most of them are transcription factors or kinases and exhibit dual biological functions, e.g., that they both positively and negatively regulate transcription in cells. Some cancer types such as leukemia are over-represented by them, whereas some common cancer types such as lung cancer are under-represented by them. Across 12 major cancer types, while their genomic mutation patterns are similar to that of oncogenes, their expression patterns are more similar to that of tumor-suppressor genes. Their expression profile in six human organs propose that they mainly function as tumor suppressor in normal tissue. Our network analyses further show they have higher network degrees than both oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes and thus tend to be the hub genes in the protein-protein interaction network. Our mutation, expression spectrum, and network analyses might help explain why some cancer types are specifically associated with them. Finally, our results suggest that the functionally altering mutations in "double-agent" genes and oncogenes are the main driving force in cancer development, because non-silent mutations are biasedly distributed toward these two gene sets across all 12 major cancer types.
Perspective: Time to Resolve Confusion on Folate Amounts, Units, and Forms in Prenatal Supplements (2020)

Folate-containing prenatal supplements are commonly consumed in the United States, but inconsistencies in units of measure and chemical forms pose challenges for providing authoritative advice on recommended amounts. New regulations require folate to be declared as micrograms of dietary folate equivalents (DFE) on product labels, whereas intake recommendations for reducing the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) and the Tolerable Upper Intake Level are expressed as micrograms of folic acid. Today, >25% of prenatal supplements contain folate as synthetic salts of L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (L-5-MTHF), but recommendations do not include this form of the vitamin. Harmonizing units of measure and addressing newer forms of folate salts in intake recommendations and in the prevention of NTDs would resolve the confusion.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE ACTIVITY—THE ROLE OF BLOOD FLOW (1998)

American Journal of Gastroenterology 93(5):p 841-842, May 1998. | DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.841_a.x
Time-Resolved Imaging of Ca2+-Dependent Aequorin Luminescence of Microdomains and QEDs in Synaptic Preterminals (1994)

Localized elevation of intracellular free calcium [Ca2+]i concentration serves as the trigger for a wide variety of physiological processes, e.g., neurotransmitter release at most chemical synapses (1-3). The details of the mechanisms that regulate these processes are still unresolved (3-6), but they must involve precise temporal sequences of molecular events initiated by a transient localized elevation of Ca2+ concentration (i.e., a Ca2+ microdomain [3,7-15]). A microdomain is defined as an autonomous compartment of minimal spatio-temporal volume within which a signaled process can occur (8, 10, 12). A quantum emission domain (QED) is a quantal signal element (3, 16, 17). The concept of a QED was first applied to Ca2+ signaling at the synaptic preterminal (3, 4) and for large-diameter mitotic cells (16, 17). The concept of Ca2+ microdomains was tested by labeling preterminals of squid giant synapses with low-sensitivity aequorin (a photoprotein that emits a photon upon binding Ca2+ [18, 19]). That work confirmed earlier modeling efforts (10, 16) and showed that, upon depolarization, the [Ca2+]i profile reaches 200-300 microM within the microdomains, and that these [Ca2+]i profiles are composed of groups of short-lived 0.5 microns diameter QEDs. In those records, obtained with 2:1 interlacing devices operating at the RS-170 standard, QEDs appeared as striped dots or chevrons rather than as solid dots, indicating that a QED lasted less than 16.6 ms (one video field), and thus establishing the need for higher sampling rates to better characterize the QED.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Generation and Characterization of Closely Related Epizootic and Enzootic Infectious cDNA Clones for Studying Interferon Sensitivity and Emergence Mechanisms of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (2003)

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a reemerging pathogen and a continuing threat to humans and equines in the Americas. Identification of the genetic determinants that enable epizootic VEEV strains to arise and exploit equines as amplification hosts to cause widespread human disease is pivotal to understanding VEE emergence. The sensitivity to murine alpha/beta interferon-mediated antiviral activity was previously correlated to the epizootic phenotype of several VEEV strains. Infectious cDNA clones were generated from an epizootic subtype IC VEEV strain (SH3) isolated during the 1992 Venezuelan outbreak and a closely related enzootic, sympatric subtype ID strain (ZPC738). These VEEV strains had low-cell-culture-passage histories and differed by only 12 amino acids in the nonstructural and structural proteins. Rescued viruses showed similar growth kinetics to their parent viruses in several cell lines, and murine infections resulted in comparable viremia and disease. Unlike what was found in other studies of epizootic and enzootic VEEV strains, the sensitivities to murine alpha/beta interferon did not differ appreciably between these epizootic versus enzootic strains, calling into question the reliability of interferon sensitivity as a marker of epizootic potential.
Comparative spinal analgesic action of dynorphin1-8, dynorphin1-13, and a kappa-receptor agonist U50,488 (1986)

The effect of intrathecal injections of dynorphin1-8 (DYN1-8), dynorphin1-13 (DYN1-13), and a putative kappa agonist, U50,488 was tested in the rat tail-flick test. DYN1-8 and DYN1-13 (5, 10, 20 micrograms) produced a dose-related biphasic antinociceptive response consisting of an initial and a delayed response. Injection of U50,488 (20, 40 60 micrograms) produced a monophasic response. The antinociceptive effect of DYN1-8 (5, 10, 20 micrograms) and DYN1-13 (20 micrograms), was present 24 h postintrathecal injection. Pretreatment with systemic naloxone (2 mg/kg s.c.) attenuated the delayed response, but not the initial response induced by DYN1-8 and DYN1-13. The initial response was attenuated by pretreatment with intrathecal naloxone at a dose of 0.5 and 2.0 micrograms. The antinociceptive effect of U50,488 (20, 60 micrograms) was not affected by pretreatment with 2.0 micrograms intrathecal naloxone, but was significantly reduced by 4 micrograms of the antagonist. Both DYN1-8 and DYN1-13 (5 micrograms) augmented the antinociceptive effect of intrathecally administered morphine (5, 10 micrograms). Intrathecal injection of DYN1-8 (5, 10, 20 micrograms), DYN1-13 (5 micrograms), and morphine (10 micrograms) reduced the spontaneous output of urine measured at 2 and 24 h postintrathecal injection. A similar injection of U50,488 (20 micrograms) had no significant action on the urinary output. The results show that long and short dynorphin fragments have a comparable activity and the spinal antinociceptive actions of dynorphin are sensitive to low doses of intrathecal naloxone. The activity profile of spinally administered dynorphins differs from that of the kappa agonist U50,488.
Graphene chiral liquid crystals and macroscopic assembled fibres (2011)

Chirality and liquid crystals are both widely expressed in nature and biology. Helical assembly of mesophasic molecules and colloids may produce intriguing chiral liquid crystals. To date, chiral liquid crystals of 2D colloids have not been explored. As a typical 2D colloid, graphene is now receiving unprecedented attention. However, making macroscopic graphene fibres is hindered by the poor dispersibility of graphene and by the lack of an assembly method. Here we report that soluble, chemically oxidized graphene or graphene oxide sheets can form chiral liquid crystals in a twist-grain-boundary phase-like model with simultaneous lamellar ordering and long-range helical frustrations. Aqueous graphene oxide liquid crystals were continuously spun into metres of macroscopic graphene oxide fibres; subsequent chemical reduction gave the first macroscopic neat graphene fibres with high conductivity and good mechanical performance. The flexible, strong graphene fibres were knitted into designed patterns and into directionally conductive textiles.
Traumatic proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation treated by open reduction and temporary fixation: a case report (2006)

Isolated dislocations of the proximal tibiofibular joint are a rare condition. Missed diagnosis can lead to chronic knee pain and disability. Early recognition should be followed by immediate closed reduction or open reduction and joint transfixation. We present a young athlete with this injury which was treated successfully by open reduction.
Carotid intima-media thickness as a surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease in intervention studies (2006)

Thus, CIMT may be used as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials to enable the benefits of new therapies or regimens to be more rapidly translated into clinical practice.