gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variable tissue reactions and endocrine responses to a jugular catheter. (1995)

Although the use of soft catheter materials allows for safe long-term venous access in humans and animals, a significant percentage of individuals react adversely. We have studied a group of 52 male rats over 30 days (d) for the category and degree of tissue responses to silicone-based catheters implanted in the jugular vein. Included in this evaluation was blood withdrawal at multiple intervals for assay of plasma hormones corticosterone (CORT) and prolactin (PRL) as they were correlated with the immune phenomena associated with early (5-7d) obstruction of the catheter tip. The intravascular portion of all catheters were covered with a transparent sheath which was composed of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and numerous collagen fibers. Early blockage of catheters was the result of large white masses (wm) enclosing the tip which were continuous with the sheath. The wm consisted of: a) an inner zone nearest the catheter in some regions predominantly composed of numerous platelets and in others granulocytes and platelets; b) a middle zone containing numerous neutrophils; c) an outer zone containing a few inflammatory cells and many spaces filled with red blood cells. Rats that developed a wm blockage 7-10d after catheter placement had higher plasma CORT levels (3-5d post implant) when compared to those of animals with catheters remaining open 3-4 weeks. When viewed together, these observations describe a subset of a larger population of rats that have a local intravascular inflammatory reaction to silicone-based catheters. This preparation may be a useful model for investigating reported differences in human reactivity to silicone-based prostheses.
Bcl-xS enhances adenoviral vector-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. (1996)

bcl-x is a member of the bcl-2 family of genes and by alternative splicing gives rise to two distinct mRNAs: bcl-xL and bcl-xS. We have previously investigated the expression of Bcl-x in neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines and have shown that Bcl-xL is expressed and functions to inhibit chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. However, none of the NB cell lines expressed Bcl-xS. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of Bcl-xS expression on the viability of NB cells. A panel of NB cell lines (CHP-382, GOTO, SHEP-1, SHSY-5Y, and GI-CA-N) were infected with either a bcl-xS adenovirus (pAdRSV-bcl-xS) or a control virus (pAdRSV-lac-z). NB cells showed loss of viability with both viruses, although the bcl-xS virus was most toxic. Importantly, infection with the bcl-xS adenovirus resulted in rapid loss of cell viability, DNA fragmentation, and morphological features of apoptosis even in NB cells transfected to overexpress Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. These findings suggest that deregulated expression of Bcl-xS using an adenovirus may provide a novel mechanism for initiating cell death in tumors that express Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL.
Photopic spectral sensitivity of the peripheral retina*† (1975)

Photopic spectral sensitivity was determined in the mid- and far-peripheral retina by two methods. The first consisted of measuring increment thresholds on a background similar in spectral composition to CIE Source A. The resulting spectral-sensitivity functions displayed maxima at about 440 nm, in agreement with previous work. The second method consisted of measuring dark-adaptation curves following termination of the background. From these curves, spectral-sensitivity functions were derived for various times in the dark. The results showed that the 440 nm maximum quickly diminished. When photopic thresholds were estimated from the cone plateau of the dark-adaptation curves, the spectral-sensitivity functions peaked at about 550 nm and had much the same shape from the parafovea to the far periphery. We suggest that previous findings of maximum photopic sensitivity in the short-wave region of the spectrum resulted from chromatic adaptation induced by backgrounds (such as Source A) that were weighted towards middle and long waves.
T55-L-712 turbine engine compressor housing refurbishment-plasma spray project (1988)

A study was conducted to assess the feasibility of reclaiming T55-L-712 turbine engine compressor housings with an 88 wt percent aluminum to 12 wt percent silicon alloy applied by a plasma spray process. Tensile strength testing was conducted on as-sprayed and thermally cycled test specimens which were plasma sprayed with 0.020 to 0.100 in. coating thicknesses. Satisfactory tensile strength values were observed in the as-sprayed tensile specimens. There was essentially no decrease in tensile strength after thermally cycling the tensile specimens. Furthermore, compressor housings were plasma sprayed and thermally cycled in a 150-hr engine test and a 200-hr actual flight test during which the turbine engine was operated at a variety of loads, speeds and torques. The plasma sprayed coating system showed no evidence of degradation or delamination from the compressor housings. As a result of these tests, a procedure was designed and developed for the application of an aluminum-silicon alloy in order to reclaim T55-L-712 turbine engine compressor housings.
Constitutionally selective amplification of multicomponent 84-membered macrocyclic hosts for (−)-cytidine•H+ (2011)

Mixtures of dipeptide monomers create stereochemically and constitutionally complex dynamic libraries of potential receptors. When (−)-cytidine was utilized as guest an 84-membered cyclic host was amplified (70–175 fold) from a nearly undetectable initial concentration. Only the specified diastereomeric combination of the two chiral building blocks yielded a dynamic library from which the macrocyclic receptor could be amplified.
COMPARISON OF INTRACEREBRAL AND INTRAPERITONEAL INFECTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR ASSAYING MOUSE VIRULENCE OF SALMONELLA TYPHOSA STRAINS1 (1961)

Journal Article COMPARISON OF INTRACEREBRAL AND INTRAPERITONEAL INFECTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR ASSAYING MOUSE VIRULENCE OF SALMONELLA TYPHOSA STRAINS Get access SIDNEY GAINES, SIDNEY GAINES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOSEPH G. TULLY JOSEPH G. TULLY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 74, Issue 1, July 1961, Pages 60–66, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120201 Published: 01 July 1961 Article history Received: 24 March 1961 Published: 01 July 1961
Microplasmas: from applications to fundamentals (2014)

Microplasmas are receiving increasing attention in the scientific literature and in recent conferences. Yet, few analytical applications of microplasmas for elemental analysis using liquid samples have been described in the literature. To address this, we describe two applications: one involves the determination of Zn in microsamples of the metallo-enzyme Super Oxide Dismutase. The other involves determination of Pd-concentration in microsamples of Pd nanocatalysts. These applications demonstrate the potential of microplasmas and point to the need for future fundamental studies.
Anionic−Cationic Switchable Amphoteric Monodisperse Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (2010)

Anionic-cationic switchable monodisperse mesoporous silica nanoparticles were synthesized by one-pot amino and carboxylic acid bifunctionalization based on the self-assembly of the surfactant, two types of co-structure-directing agents containing amino and carboxylic groups, and silica sources. These nanoparticles revealed properties of dispersity and reversibility, with the advantage of the pH-responsive anionic-cationic/acid-base switchability. It was demonstrated that the extracted materials achieved reutilization and controllable dispersity in aqueous solution by adjusting the static electric power among the particles during the switching process.
Biological influences on criminal behaviour (1995)

<b>1044</b> <h3><b>Learning Objectives</b></h3> Unique challenges facing battlefield injuries and neuroimaging, neuroimaging techniques for diagnosing mild TBI, novel PET agents and TBI. <h3></h3> The impact of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) on military servicemembers is significant with more than 300,000 Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) soldiers diagnosed with TBIs. The majority of TBIs are classified as ‘mild’ and the classification criteria for mild TBI is based on the following Department of Defense/Department of Veterans Affairs Clinical Practice Guideline: (1) brief loss of consciousness, (2) brief alteration of consciousness, (3) posttraumatic amnesia for 0 to 1 days, or (4) Glasgow Coma Score of 13-15, and (5) a normal non-contrast brain CT. The extent of mild TBI is not well understood and diagnosis is complicated by the varied symptoms that may also be observed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The diffuse and subtle injury is typically not detected on conventional head CT studies and many soldiers are ineligible for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to embedded metal fragments as a result of a blast injury. Early diagnosis and the development of an effective treatment for veterans with TBI is a top priority. Novel neuroimaging techniques using various positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents may provide critical information for diagnosing and evaluating treaments for TBI. For example, TBI results in abnormalities in brain metabolism and cerebral blood flow, which results in a cascade of subtle changes including inflammation, reduced glucose utilization, transient ischemia, angiogenesis, amyloid plaque deposition, and increased DNA synthesis. Novel PET imaging agents may play an important role in diagnosing TBI. This presentation will discuss the role of PET neuroimaging in TBI along with unique challenges associated with translating bench to bedside in a military population
Post-traumatic stress behavioural responses in inbred mouse strains: can genetic predisposition explain phenotypic vulnerability? (2007)

Clinical studies of twin pairs and families of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients raise questions as to possible genetic predisposition to PTSD. Studies using isogenic animal populations exposed to a stress paradigm could elucidate the relative contributions of genotype and environment to endophenotypic expression. The prevalence of individuals displaying severely compromised behavioural responses to predator scent stress (PSS) was assessed in six inbred strains of mice in an animal model of PTSD that classifies individuals into groups according to the degree of their behavioural response. The choice of strains was based on the frequent use of these mice in transgenic research. The prevalence of extreme behavioural response in the elevated plus maze and the acoustic startle response paradigms, performed in sequence, was assessed at baseline and 7 d after PSS exposure between and within strains, and compared to differences in circulating corticosterone levels. Narrow-sense trait heritability was determined by comparing the between-strain variance to the total variance. Although strain-specific differences in anxiety-like behaviours were demonstrated, the results revealed a significant degree of individual variability in response patterns within each of the inbred strains, yielding a baseline heritability factor for anxiety-like behaviours of 30%, but only 10% for response to stress exposure. Baseline anxiety-like behaviours were found not to be predictive of post-exposure behavioural responses. The response of the individual to stress is multifactorial and environmental factors play a predominant role in characterizing the individual response to stress exposure, although there are significant genetic underpinnings.
Genetic algorithms for automated tuning of fuzzy controllers: a transportation application (2002)

We describe the design and tuning of a controller for enforcing compliance with a prescribed velocity profile for a rail-based transportation system. This requires following a trajectory, rather than fixed set-points (as in automobiles). We synthesize a fuzzy controller for tracking the velocity profile, while providing a smooth ride and staying within the prescribed speed limits. We use a genetic algorithm to tune the fuzzy controller's performance by adjusting its parameters (the scaling factors and the membership functions) in a sequential order of significance. We show that this approach results in a controller that is superior to the manually designed one, and with only modest computational effort. This makes it possible to customize automated tuning to a variety of different configurations of the route, the terrain, the power configuration, and the cargo.
Multi-object Transportation Using a Mobile Robot (2015)

The use of automated robot systems in many different contexts and applications has increased significantly in recent years. A prominent application area is the transport of objects, which has applications to simple cases of moving objects in a home environment as well as in more complex scenarios, such as in search and rescue missions or commercial warehouses. In this work we propose a methodology which deals mainly with the path planning and execution stage of the entire problem. Considering the presence of many objects in the environment, the objective is to minimize the time to get all objects to their goal positions and reduce the distance traveled by the robot. The problem is modeled as a graph problem, where a path is decomposed into segments and the robot dynamically selects in a greedy manner the best to be executed in a certain time. Numerous simulations considering a ground robot were conducted in order to provide a thorough evaluation and validation of the methodology. The experiments showed the effectiveness of the technique in comparison to a simple sequential approach.
Rotor structure for reducing demagnetization of magnet in a PMASynRM with ferrite permanent magnet and its characteristics (2011)

Recently, application of permanent magnet (PM) motors has expanded remarkably because of improvements in the performance of the rare-earth PM motor. However, the use of rare-earth materials, which is an important aspect of the high-performance PM motor, should be reduced because of the high cost and the unpredictability involved in procuring such materials. The performance of motors that use rare-earth materials has reached a very high level, which will not be easy to match without such materials. In this paper, we propose a structure of high power density PM assisted synchronous reluctance motor employing the ferrite PM, that doesn't causes irreversible demagnetization of PM even in condition of the heavy flux-weakening excitation or inverter's fault. As a result, it is clarified that the proposed structure achieves high power and high efficiency performances.
[Current smoking status and awareness of tobacco hazard in adults in Beijing, 2014]. (2016)

<b>Objective:</b> To understand the status of current smoking and awareness of hazard in adults in Beijing, 2014. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 19 815 subjects were randomly selected with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling from 180 communities of 36 townships of 16 districts in Beijing. Each subject received a standardized questionnaire interview. <b>Results:</b> The current smoking rate of the adults was 26.6% (5 253/19 738), which was higher in men (52.2%) than in women (3.6%) and higher in suburb area (28.9%) than in urban area (25.0%). The adults aged 50-59 had higher rate of current smoking. The daily smoking rate was 23.7% (4 677/19 738). The average age when smoking started was 19.2 years. On average, one smoker consumed 15.2 cigarettes per day. The average score for smoking hazard awareness was 5.8, which was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (5.5 <i>vs.</i> 6.0) (<i>t</i>=-9.854, <i>P</i>=0.000). In the smokers, 5.7% (298/5 213) intended to give up smoking within one month. Doctors gave advice to stop smoking for 66.0% of current smokers. The current smoking rate of patients with chronic disease was 31.8% (3 703/11 628), and 5.5% (202/3 686) of them intended to stop smoking within one month. <b>Conclusions:</b> The smoking rate was still high in men in Beijing. The age of starting smoking every day decreased among younger people. The levels of awareness of tobacco hazard and passive smoking were still low. The willingness of smoking cessation was low. The rate of doctor giving smoking cessation advice was low.
Predictive models of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer using nuclear morphology and tissue architecture (2021)

Characterizing likelihood of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is an important yet unmet challenge. In this study, a machine-learning framework is developed using imaging of biopsy pathology specimens to generate models of likelihood of NAC response. Developed using cross-validation (evaluable N = 66) and an independent validation cohort (evaluable N = 56), our models achieve promising results (65%-73% accuracy). Interestingly, one model-using features derived from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissues in conjunction with clinico-demographic features-is able to stratify the cohort into likely responders in cross-validation and the validation cohort (response rate of 65% for predicted responder compared with the 41% baseline response rate in the validation cohort). The results suggest that computational approaches applied to routine pathology specimens of MIBC can capture differences between responders and non-responders to NAC and should therefore be considered in the future design of precision oncology for MIBC.
ChemInform Abstract: CHROMYL COMPLEXES IN THE DIRECT EPOXIDATION OF ALKENES (1983)

Abstract Chromylnitrat oxidiert Alkene zu Epoxiden, wie z.B. (I) zu (II), Z‐ und E‐β‐Methyl‐styrol zu (III) bzw. (IV), E‐Stilben zu (V), Tetramethylethylen zu (VI) und Norbornen zu (VII) (bei Umsätzen zwischen 14 und 93% liegt die Selektivität für das Epoxid zwischen 30 und 94%, Nebenprodukte sind u. a. Aldehyde bzw. Ketone; keine Ausb.‐Angaben).
Transformation rules from semi-structured XML documents to database model (2002)

XML semi-structured documents provide a flexible and natural way to capture data. More often, users exchange documents with others or reuse their data in a wide range of tasks. A direct consequence is a growing need to manage semi-structured documents and to gain conventional database functionality. The aim of our research is the development of a comprehensive capturing and mapping data system that ensures flexible and well-adapted information capture and at the same time efficient information retrieval. A transformation process allows the mapping between the semi-structured document model and the traditional database model. It handles data extraction and data restructuring and deals with data mapping rules to feed traditional databases.
Numerical Study on the Potential of Cavitation Damage in a Lead–Bismuth Eutectic Spallation Target (2019)

To perform basic Research and Development for future Accelerator-driven Systems (ADSs), Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) will construct an ADS target test facility. A Lead⁻Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) spallation target will be installed in the target test facility and bombarded by pulsed proton beams (250 kW, 400 MeV, 25 Hz, and 0.5 ms pulse duration). To realize the LBE spallation target, cavitation damage due to pressure changes in the liquid metal should be determined, preliminarily, because such damage is considered to be very critical, from the viewpoint of target safety and lifetime. In this study, cavitation damage due to pressure waves caused by pulsed proton beam injection and turbulent liquid metal flow, were studied, numerically, from the viewpoint of single cavitation bubble dynamics. Specifically, the threshold of cavitation and effects of flow speed fluctuation on cavitation bubble dynamics, in an orifice structure, were investigated in the present work. The results showed that the LBE spallation target did not undergo cavitation damage, under normal nominal operation conditions, mainly because of the long pulse duration of the pulsed proton beam and the low liquid metal flow velocity. Nevertheless, the possibility of cavitation damage in the orifice structure, under certain extreme transient LBE flow conditions, cannot be neglected.
Rational engineering of L-asparaginase reveals importance of dual activity for cancer cell toxicity (2010)

Using proteins in a therapeutic context often requires engineering to modify functionality and enhance efficacy. We have previously reported that the therapeutic antileukemic protein macromolecule Escherichia coli L-asparaginase is degraded by leukemic lysosomal cysteine proteases. In the present study, we successfully engineered L-asparaginase to resist proteolytic cleavage and at the same time improve activity. We employed a novel combination of mutant sampling using a genetic algorithm in tandem with flexibility studies using molecular dynamics to investigate the impact of lid-loop and mutations on drug activity. Applying these methods, we successfully predicted the more active L-asparaginase mutants N24T and N24A. For the latter, a unique hydrogen bond network contributes to higher activity. Furthermore, interface mutations controlling secondary glutaminase activity demonstrated the importance of this enzymatic activity for drug cytotoxicity. All selected mutants were expressed, purified, and tested for activity and for their ability to form the active tetrameric form. By introducing the N24A and N24A R195S mutations to the drug L-asparaginase, we are a step closer to individualized drug design.
Virtual classes: a powerful mechanism in object-oriented programming (1989)

The notions of class, subclass and virtual procedure are fairly well understood and recognized as some of the key concepts in object-oriented programming. The possibility of modifying a virtual procedure in a subclass is a powerful technique for specializing the general properties of the superclass. In most object-oriented languages, the attributes of an object may be references to objects and (virtual) procedures. In Simula and BETA it is also possible to have class attributes. The power of class attributes has not yet been widely recognized. In BETA a class may also have virtual class attributes . This makes it possible to defer part of the specification of a class attribute to a subclass. In this sense virtual classes are analogous to virtual procedures. Virtual classes are mainly interesting within strongly typed languages where they provide a mechanism for defining general parameterized classes such as set, vector and list. In this sense they provide an alternative to generics. Although the notion of virtual class originates from BETA, it is presented as a general language mechanism.