gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol Production from Food Waste by Recombinant Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum in Batch and Continuous Immobilized-Cell Fermentation (2020)

Sustainable and economical production of butanol via acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation faces several major challenges, including high feedstock cost, low butanol yield, and low butanol productivity. To address these challenges, low-cost food waste was used as feedstock for ABE production in batch and continuous immobilized-cell fermentation by a recombinant high-butanol production strain Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum deltptabuk. Food waste was first liquefied and saccharified to obtain fermentable sugars. After that, food waste hydrolysates were fed into both batch and continuous immobilized-cell fermentation systems to produce ABE. In the batch fermentation, only 14.32 g/L ABE was produced using food waste hydrolysates medium. However, when food waste hydrolysate medium was fed into the continuous immobilized-cell fermentation, remarkable increases of ABE production, yield, and productivity were achieved. At the dilution rate of 0.1 h–1, 19.65 g/L ABE was produced with an ABE yield of 0.43. At the dilution rate of 0.39 h–1, the highest ABE productivity (4.56 g/L/h) was obtained, which was 23 times higher than that in the batch fermentation. This study for the first time demonstrated efficient conversion of food waste to butanol via continuous immobilized-cell fermentation to achieve high titer and productivity, which would potentially support the advanced utilization of organic waste materials for biofuel production.
Brain Potentials and Attention after Acute and Subchronic Intranasal Administration of ACTH 4–10 and Desacetyl-α-MSH in Humans (1999)

Neuropeptides related to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) are potent regulators of neurobehavioral functions. In humans, ACTH and its behaviorally active fragment ACTH 4-10 have been consistently found to diminish event-related brain potential (ERP) signs of focussing attention. This study aimed at (1) evaluating effects of ACTH 4-10 on ERP indicators of attention in healthy controls after intranasal administration of the peptide. This route of administration has been proposed to provide a more direct access to the brain than the intravenous administration of the peptide, (2) comparing acute effects and effects of a subchronic treatment with ACTH 4-10, and (3) comparing effects of ACTH 4-10 with those of desacetyl-alpha-MSH (corresponding to ACTH 1-13 amide) which like ACTH 4-10 binds to subgroups of the melanocortin receptor family. Double-blind placebo-controlled experiments were completed in 54 healthy young subjects. ERPs were recorded while the subject performed an auditory selective attention task. Moreover, a modified Stroop interference test including motivational (food, sex) and nonmotivational words was performed. Acute intranasal administration of ACTH 4-10 (1 mg) reduced the processing negativity (PN) of the ERP over frontal and central cortical areas (p < 0.05) indicating diminished focussing of attention. Moreover, on this condition subjects were more prone to interference on the Stroop task especially with motivational words (p < 0.05). Subchronic administration of ACTH 4-10 (1 mg/day over 6 weeks) did not affect PN and Stroop performance. Acute intranasal administration of desacetyl-alpha-MSH at equimolar doses (1.68 mg) also remained ineffective. However, some measures of Stroop performance appeared to improve after subchronic desacetyl-alpha-MSH treatment. Results confirm an acute decrease in focussing of attention after ACTH 4-10. These effects of intranasal administration are likely to reflect a direct action of the peptide on respective brain functions. Moreover, they were specific to ACTH 4-10 and were not obtained after equimolar doses of desacetyl-alpha-MSH, thus excluding a mediation via the known melanocortin receptors.
Hand Transplantation (2014)

Tintle, Scott M. MD; Potter, Benjamin K. MD; Elliott, River M. MD; Levin, L. Scott MD Author Information
Opto-Mechanical Scission of Polymer Chains in Photosensitive Diblock-Copolymer Brushes (2013)

In this paper we report on an opto-mechanical scission of polymer chains within photosensitive diblock-copolymer brushes grafted to flat solid substrates. We employ surface-initiated polymerization of methylmethacrylate (MMA) and t-butyl methacrylate (tBMA) to grow diblock-copolymer brushes of poly(methylmethacrylate-b-t-butyl methacrylate) following the atom transfer polymerization (ATRP) scheme. After the synthesis, deprotection of the PtBMA block yields poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA). To render PMMA-b-PMAA copolymers photosensitive, cationic azobenzene containing surfactants are attached to the negatively charged outer PMAA block. During irradiation with an ultraviolet (UV) interference pattern, the extent of photoisomerization of the azobenzene groups varies spatially and results in a topography change of the brush, i.e., formation of surface relief gratings (SRG). The SRG formation is accompanied by local rupturing of the polymer chains in areas from which the polymer material recedes. This opto-mechanically induced scission of the polymer chains takes place at the interfaces of the two blocks and depends strongly on the UV irradiation intensity. Our results indicate that this process may be explained by employing classical continuum fracture mechanics, which might be important for tailoring the phenomenon for applying it to poststructuring of polymer brushes.
Phase estimation by message passing (2004)

The problem of phase estimation in a "turbo receiver" is considered for two different channel models. Several message passing algorithms for phase estimation are derived from the factor graph of the channel models: (1) straight sum-product, applied to a quantized phase model; (2) LMS-type gradient methods; (3) a particle filter. All considered algorithms are suitable for use in a "turbo receiver" with joint iterative decoding and phase estimation.
Factoring (2010)

Die Unternehmensfinanzierung in Deutschland befindet sich in einem umfassenden Veränderungsprozess. Schon vor der aktuellen Banken- und Finanzkrise hatten die Banken und Sparkassen vor dem Hintergrund ihrer Ertrags- und Kostensituation begonnen, ihre Kreditportfolien zielgerichtet zu bereinigen. Sie definierten klare Kundenzielgruppen, führten genaue Bonitätsbeurteilungsverfahren bei der Kreditvergabe ein, auf deren Basis über Kreditzusage oder -ablehnung entschieden wird, und ersetzten bei den Kreditkonditionen den Einheitszins durch risikodifferenzierte Zinssätze.
Morphology engineering for novel antibiotics: Effect of glass microparticles and soy lecithin on rebeccamycin production and cellular morphology of filamentous actinomycete Lentzea aerocolonigenes (2023)

Lentzea aerocolonigenes , as an actinomycete, is a natural producer of the antibiotic and antitumoral drug rebeccamycin. Due to the filamentous cellular morphology handling in cultivations is challenging; therefore, morphology engineering techniques are mandatory to enhance productivity. One promising approach described in the literature is the addition of mineral particles in the micrometer range to precisely adjust cellular morphology and the corresponding product synthesis (microparticle-enhanced cultivation, MPEC). Glass microparticles are introduced in this study as a novel supplementation type for bioprocess intensification in filamentous organisms. Several investigations were conducted to screen for an optimal particle setup, including particle size and concentration regarding their impact and effects on enhanced productivity, microparticle incorporation behavior into the biopellets, the viability of pellets, and morphological changes. Glass microparticles (10 g·L −1 ) with a median diameter of 7.9 µm, for instance, induced an up to fourfold increase in product synthesis accompanied by overall enhanced viability of biomass. Furthermore, structural elucidations showed that biopellets isolated from MPEC tend to have lower hyphal density than unsupplemented control pellets. In this context, oxygen microprofiling was conducted to better understand how internal structural changes interwind with oxygen supply into the pellets. Here, the resulting oxygen profiles are of a contradictive trend of steeper oxygen consumption with increasing glass microparticle supplementation. Eventually, MPEC was combined with another promising cultivation strategy, the supplementation of soy lecithin (7.5 g·L −1 ), to further increase the cultivation performance. A combination of both techniques in an optimized setup resulted in a rebeccamycin concentration of 213 mg·L −1 after 10 days of cultivation, the highest value published so far for microparticle-supplemented shake flask cultivations of L. aerocolonigenes .
The object is integration (1994)

The new thing in the computer programming arena is object-oriented programming (OOP). OOP distinguishes itself from conventional programming in three important ways: encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. Encapsulation describes the organization of both code and data into powerful units called objects. This organization, a natural extension of a data-structure, creates an implicit relationship between object-code and object-data. Encapsulation describes the organization of objects into an object hierarchy. A child-object is said to inherit and specialize the behavior of one or more parent-objects. Polymorphism describes the ability of an object to react to a command with a reaction consistent with the object. There are many methods of effecting encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Several object-oriented programming languages (OOPLs) have been developed including Smalltalk, Turbo Pascal with Objects, and C++ (pronounced C plus plus). C++ is a popular OOPL among electrical engineers. This popularity is due in part to a strong similarity to ANSI-C. The similarity allows an engineer to first use C++ as a "better C" by learning encapsulation techniques. This first step, encapsulation using C++, is the topic of the present article. Using C++ as a "better C," however, should not be the ultimate goal. The full power of C++ can only be realized by mastering all the underlying OOP mechanisms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Study of Brake Wear Particle Emissions: Impact of Braking and Cruising Conditions (2019)

A novel measurement setup is designed, constructed, and validated by theoretical simulations and by experiments enabling sensitive and loss-free brake particle emission investigations. With the goal to simulate realistic driving, a 3 h subsection of the Los Angeles City Traffic (LACT) cycle is selected as test cycle. The tests are performed with the front brake of a midsize passenger vehicle under both static laboratory and more dynamic realistic conditions that include parasitic drag and vehicle brake temperatures (advanced vehicle simulations). A PM<sub>10</sub> emission factor of around 4.6 mg km<sup>-1</sup> brake<sup>-1</sup> is determined. During five cycle runs the emission factor in terms of particle number decreases by 1 order of magnitude. This decrease is accompanied by a shift of the critical brake temperature T<sub>crit</sub>, at which ultrafine particle emissions occur, from 140 to 170 °C. Investigations with advanced vehicle simulations generate brake temperatures below T<sub>crit</sub> and consequently do not show ultrafine particle emissions above background level. A particle number emission factor of approximately 4.9 × 10<sup>10</sup> km<sup>-1</sup> brake<sup>-1</sup> is estimated for realistic vehicle brake temperatures. Particle formation during cruising is clearly identified. The brake drag is estimated to contribute about 34% to the total airborne particle mass emission.
Automated aortic calcification detection in low-dose chest CT images (2014)

The extent of aortic calcification has been shown to be a risk indicator for vascular events including cardiac events. We have developed a fully automated computer algorithm to segment and measure aortic calcification in low-dose noncontrast, non-ECG gated, chest CT scans. The algorithm first segments the aorta using a pre-computed Anatomy Label Map (ALM). Then based on the segmented aorta, aortic calcification is detected and measured in terms of the Agatston score, mass score, and volume score. The automated scores are compared with reference scores obtained from manual markings. For aorta segmentation, the aorta is modeled as a series of discrete overlapping cylinders and the aortic centerline is determined using a cylinder-tracking algorithm. Then the aortic surface location is detected using the centerline and a triangular mesh model. The segmented aorta is used as a mask for the detection of aortic calcification. For calcification detection, the image is first filtered, then an elevated threshold of 160 Hounsfield units (HU) is used within the aorta mask region to reduce the effect of noise in low-dose scans, and finally non-aortic calcification voxels (bony structures, calcification in other organs) are eliminated. The remaining candidates are considered as true aortic calcification. The computer algorithm was evaluated on 45 low-dose non-contrast CT scans. Using linear regression, the automated Agatston score is 98.42% correlated with the reference Agatston score. The automated mass and volume score is respectively 98.46% and 98.28% correlated with the reference mass and volume score.
Charge-tagged N-heterocyclic carbenes (2011)

The interception, formation and characterization of the first stable, long lived charge-tagged N-heterocyclic carbenes of the general type 4x+ (x = 1–3) and analogues is reported. Via ESI(+)-MS of solutions of bromine salts of doubly, triply and quadruply charged imidazolium ion IL (3.Brn, n = 2–4), the isolated 4x+ as well as charged aggregates [3.Br(n−x)]x+ likely to be participating in the [3.Br(n−x)]x+ ⇌ 4x+ + HBr solution equilibrium could be transferred and characterized in the gas phase. Mimicking the solution equilibrium, the gaseous [3.Br(n−x)]x+ were found to dissociate nearly exclusively viaHBr loss during thermal activationvia collisions to form gaseous 4x+, which were found to add to acrolein and acetone.
Striated flagellar roots: isolation and partial characterization of a calcium-modulated contractile organelle. (1984)

We report the isolation of striated flagellar roots from the Prasinophycean green alga Tetraselmis striata using sedimentation in gradients of sucrose and flotation on gradients of colloidal silica. PAGE in the presence of 0.1% SDS demonstrates that striated flagellar roots are composed of a number of polypeptides, the most predominant one being a protein of 20,000 Mr. The 20,000 Mr protein band represents approximately 63% of the Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining of gels of isolated flagellar roots. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (isoelectric focusing and SDS PAGE) resolves the major 20,000 Mr flagellar root protein into two components of nearly identical Mr, but of differing isoelectric points (i.e., pl's of 4.9 and 4.8), which we have designated 20,000-Mr-alpha and 20,000-Mr-beta, respectively. Densitometric scans of two-dimensional gels of cell extracts indicate that the 20,000-Mr-alpha and -beta polypeptides vary, in their stoichiometry, between 2:1 and 1:1. This variability appears to be related to the state of contraction or extension of the striated flagellar roots at the time of cell lysis. Incubation of cells with 32PO4 followed by analysis of cell extracts by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography reveals that the more acidic 20,000-Mr-beta component is phosphorylated and the 20,000-Mr-alpha component contains no detectable label. These results suggest that the 20,000-Mr-alpha component is converted to the more acidic 20,000-Mr-beta form by phosphorylation. Both the 20,000-Mr-alpha and -beta flagellar root components exhibit a calcium-induced reduction in relative electrophoretic mobilities in two-dimensional alkaline urea gels. Antiserum raised in rabbits against the 20,000-Mr protein binds to both the 20,000-Mr-alpha and 20,000-Mr-beta forms of the flagellar root protein when analyzed by electrophoretic immunoblot techniques. Indirect immunofluorescence on vegetative or interphase cells demonstrate that the antibodies bind to two cyclindrical organelles located in the anterior region of the cell. Immunocytochemical investigations at ultrastructural resolution using this antiserum and a colloidal gold-conjugated antirabbit-IgG reveals immunospecific labeling of striated flagellar roots and their extensions. We conclude that striated flagellar roots are simple ion-sensitive contractile organelles composed predominantly of a 20,000 Mr calcium-binding phosphoprotein, and that this protein is largely responsible for the motile behavior of these organelles.
Electrophysiological Evidence for the Existence of Caudate-Caudate Connections (1981)

Experiments were performed in cats unanesthetized and paralyzed with Flaxedil. The stimulation of the right caudate elicited in the contralateral nucleus, biphasic positive-negative field potentials with latencies between 11-20 msec and peak to peak amplitudes of 132-216 microv. These were the shortest latencies and the highest amplitudes for those potentials evoked by stimulation of the symmetrical positions to recording electrode. However, no responses could be evoked in the caudate tail by stimulation of any part of the opposite nucleus. Lesions of cerebral cortex (sensorimotor cortex or hemidecortication) and thalamus (center median-parafascicular complex and massa intermedia) left the evoked responses in the caudate nucleus unchanged. However, the evoked potentials were suppressed by section of the corpus callosum. Our results suggest direct connections between both caudates, through the corpus callosum.
Robert E. KELLEY : The Gold Collar Worker. Reading Massachussetts, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1985, 196 pp., ISBN 0-201-11739-8 (1987)

Robert E. KELLEY : The Gold Collar Worker. Reading Massachussetts, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1985, 196 pp., ISBN 0-201-11739-8. Un article de la revue Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations (Volume 42, numéro 3, 1987, p. 475-682) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.
Use of open source monitoring hardware to improve the production of MOFs: using STA-16(Ni) as a case study (2020)

Affordable and readily available microelectronics are becoming prevalent in teaching laboratories however these useful and economic tools are not used widely in either academia or industry. Herein we report how a metal organic framework (MOF) synthetic route can be optimized using an in situ monitoring apparatus designed in-house on open source hardware for under $100. We demonstrate that the MOF can be produced at atmospheric pressure, an improvement over previous reports, but also with a reduction in reaction time of 93%. This improvement in reaction time was predicted after a single experiment using the monitoring kit showing how efficiencies in the lab can be gained with very little experimental and monetary overhead while minimising the resources used.
INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTORS AND PLACENTAL FUNCTION (2007)

Placentas from different species differ not only in their cellular structure and normal trajectory of growth but also in the architecture of their placental vasculature and the transport and exchange mechanisms that determine nutritional transfer from mother to fetus and waste disposal from fetus to mother. 1 Many maternal and fetal hormonal and nutritional factors, as well as placental paracrine and autocrine systems affect placental growth and development throughout gestation. 2 Nutrients delivered from the maternal circulation are as important for placental growth as they are for fetal growth. In addition to passing across the placenta to provide the building blocks for fetal growth, amino acids, carbohydrate and lipids are incorporated into the placenta.
Open-circuit parameters of circulators using side-coupled wye resonators: an impedance pole approach (2004)

The open-circuit parameters at the terminals of a circular gyromagnetic region to which triplets of coupling ports and stubs are connected may be written in terms of simple linear combinations of the impedance poles of each symmetrical sextet of ports. As the poles of either problem region are available in closed form the construction of the open-circuit parameters poses no difficulty. The arrangement under consideration is met in connection with the description of a junction circulator using a side-coupled wye gyromagnetic resonator. Once the open-circuit parameters are available, the formulation of the complex gyrator circuit of the junction proceeds in terms of standard matrix operations.
Strengthening user authentication through opportunistic cryptographic identity assertions (2012)

User authentication systems are at an impasse. The most ubiquitous method -- the password -- has numerous problems, including susceptibility to unintentional exposure via phishing and cross-site password reuse. Second-factor authentication schemes have the potential to increase security but face usability and deployability challenges. For example, conventional second-factor schemes change the user authentication experience. Furthermore, while more secure than passwords, second-factor schemes still fail to provide sufficient protection against (single-use) phishing attacks.
Synthesis, structure and properties of new dithiolene complexes containing a 1,3,5-trithiepin ring (1998)

Mono-tetrabutylammonium salts of nickel, copper, and gold 1,3,5-trithiepin-6,7-dithiolato (ttdt) complexes1a–c have been prepared and the structures of 1b and 1c determined by X-ray crystallography. Cyclic voltammograms of these complexes showed oxidation peaks in the range 0.23–0.46 V (vs. SCE). Partially oxidised salts of these complexes were obtained either as amorphous or polycrystalline solids. The electrical conduction properties are reported. The crystal structure of (TTF)[Au(ttdt)2 ] obtained from the reaction of 1c and TTF3(BF4)2 was determined by X-ray crystallography.
Reading between the thermal lines - New dielectric materials for LED-packages (2015)

One of the main aims in electronic packaging is a good heat transport away from the device, downwards through the package into the board. The LED chip is connected electrically at its top and bottom. That is why there is a need to separate the electric circuit from the metal board. This is achieved by an insulator layer, which is neither electrically nor thermally very conductive. In this study the thermal behavior of new dielectric materials in LED packages are investigated. Furthermore the influence of geometric parameters of the electrical layout has been tested by measurements and simulations.
An Architecture to Support Ultrasound Report Generation and Standardisation (2015)

Ultrasound reports are developed in different ways by clinicians and radiologists. These variations in

reporting style, content and format could impact on the value of the report and the way it is interpreted,

which in turn have implications on patient management and decision making. There are many reasons for

the poor success rate of some reporting systems which is usually down to poor adaptability and the main

one being the human factor. In this paper, we present a system architecture model for a proposed medical

ultrasound reporting system that attempt to address some of these problems. In this system, we propose a

solution where humans will not need to adapt to the system, instead the system acknowledge the various

styles, contents and format being produced by the humans and uses an ontology to standardise the

terminology and Natural Language Processing techniques to transform free text reports to the preferred

proposed model of a structured and standardised report.