gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chapter 2. Potential for metal-carbide, -nitride, and -phosphide as future hydrotreating (HT) catalysts for processing of bio-oils (2014)

Efficient thermochemical conversion of ligno-cellulosic biomass towards compatible liquid fuels like diesel and gasoline, potentially alcohols and ethers, is a story about new opportunities and challenging chemistry. Innovations of enabling materials (catalysts, adsorbents, membranes), efficient processing schemes, robust products portfolios and smart business strategies are needed to close the priority gap between fossil and the more complex renewable resources. Co-production of (platform) chemicals and bio-products can improve the economical basis. Options for thermochemical processing towards fuels include the pyrolysis route, which is proceeding via bio-oil (BO) upgrading, and the alternative gasification route, which is proceeding via syngas followed by catalytic synthesis, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch. The number of conditioning and conversion steps that can be envisaged along both routes needs to be minimized. Basic pretreatment of raw BO is chemical stabilization, which enables its storage or transport. More advanced upgrading is required to reach oil qualities suitable for heat and power, and even more advanced for transport applications (including aviation fuel). Catalysts and hydrogen can provide the required processing flexibility and product quality. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is one of the most attractive upgrading options, enabling removal of heteroatoms, adding energy, and chemical transformations for tuning of properties. This review focuses on HDO and the catalytic properties of metal carbides, nitrides and phosphides, the potential of mesoporous-based catalytic materials, and also of noble metals. An overview of matured hydrotreating (HT) technology and conventional catalysts for HDS is provided as the benchmarking technology for developments towards increased biomass utilization.
Musculoskeletal Pain in Preadolescent Children (2002)

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and contributing factor of musculoskeletal pain in preadolescent children. Method: Four hundreds and four primary school students without history of trauma or serious medical conditions were investigated. Self-reported questionnaire and physical examination were done. Results: One-week and 1-year overall pain prevalence were 25.9% and 33.7%, respectively. Prevalence of wide spread pain (WSP) was 7.2% and that of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) was 7.9%. Prevalence of overall pain and MPS was higher in the 6th grade students than the 4th grade. WSP was more frequent in girls than boys. Joint hypermobility, physical fitness, body mass index and life style including computer use, regular exercise and satisfaction to desk-chair did not affect pain prevalence. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal pain was common in preadolescent children. Age and sex rather than physical state or life style seem to be the contributing factors to pain prevalence.
Development of An Impedimetric Aptasensor for the Detection of Staphylococcus aureus (2017)

In combination with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, aptamer-based biosensors are a powerful tool for fast analytical devices. Herein, we present an impedimetric aptasensor for the detection of the human pathogen <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The used aptamer targets protein A, a surface bound virulence factor of <i>S. aureus</i>. The thiol-modified protein A-binding aptamer was co-immobilized with 6-mercapto-1-hexanol onto gold electrodes by self-assembly. Optimization of the ratio of aptamer to 6-mercapto-1-hexanol resulted in an average density of 1.01 ± 0.44 × 10<sup>13</sup> aptamer molecules per cm². As shown with quartz crystal microbalance experiments, the immobilized aptamer retained its functionality to bind recombinant protein A. Our impedimetric biosensor is based on the principle that binding of target molecules to the immobilized aptamer decreases the electron transfer between electrode and ferri-/ferrocyanide in solution, which is measured as an increase of impedance. Microscale thermophoresis measurements showed that addition of the redox probe ferri-/ferrocyanide has no influence on the binding of aptamer and its target. We demonstrated that upon incubation with various concentrations of <i>S. aureus</i>, the charge-transfer resistance increased proportionally. The developed biosensor showed a limit of detection of 10 CFU·mL<sup>-1</sup> and results were available within 10 minutes. The biosensor is highly selective, distinguishing non-target bacteria such as <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>. This work highlights the immense potential of impedimetric aptasensors for future biosensing applications.
Automatic Monitor-Based Tuning of Reconfigurable Silicon Photonic 2nd-Order APF-Based Pole/Zero Filters (2017)

We demonstrate automatic monitor-based filter tuning with a Si-photonic 2nd-order APF-based filter. The proposed tuning approach calibrates the initial response by controlling each pole and zero individually to reconfigure to different bandwidths and center wavelengths.
Inhibition by Estrone of the Antiviral Protection and Interferon Elicited by Interferon Inducers in Mice (1971)

The susceptibility of mice to infection with MM virus is markedly increased after treatment with the sex hormone estrone. Studies were undertaken to determine if either suppression of production or interference with the action of interferon was involved in this phenomenon. The protection of mice against MM virus infection by several interferon-inducing agents was partially impeded by estrone treatment either 24 hr before or 24 hr after the administration of the inducing agent. The titers of circulating interferon induced by each of the agents were lower in estrone-pretreated animals than in untreated controls. The protection of mice by exogenous L cell interferon was blocked only when the hormone was given prior to the interferon. It is concluded that the adverse activity of estrone is related to its ability to interfere with the action of interferon.
Nurses' Perception of Error Reporting and Patient Safety Culture in Korea (2007)

An exploratory study was conducted with 886 nurses at eight Korean teaching hospitals to describe nurses' perception of frequency of error reporting and patient safety culture in their hospitals and to identify relationships between the nurses' perception and work-related factors. The authors found that the majority of nurses were not comfortable reporting errors or communicating concerns about safety issues. A significant portion reported concerns about patient safety issues in their working unit. Nurses on the front line evaluated various aspects related to patient safety culture as being more of a problem than nurses who are older (p < .01) and who work in management positions (p < .05). The authors conclude that error reporting and the safety culture in Korean teaching hospitals are not emphasized enough. The authors suggest that patient safety could be improved in a nonpunitive culture where individuals can openly discuss medical errors and potential hazards.
Optimization of O-GIG for O-Glycopeptide Characterization with Sialic Acid Linkage Determination (2020)

<i>O</i>-Glycoprotein analysis has been historically challenging due, in part, to a dearth of available enzymes active in the release of <i>O</i>-glycans. Moreover, chemical releasing methods, such as β-elimination/Michael addition, are not specific to <i>O</i>-glycan release and can also eliminate phosphoryl substitutions. Both of these events leave behind deaminated serine and threonine and thus can lead to ambiguous structural conclusions. Recently, the <i>O</i>-protease OpeRATOR, derived from intestinal bacteria and expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, has become commercially available. The digestion of <i>O</i>-glycoprotein yields <i>O</i>-glycopeptides cleaved at the <i>N-</i>terminal end of serine and threonine, with <i>O</i>-glycan remaining intact. The enzyme has a broad substrate specificity and includes mammalian cores 1-8. However, OpeRATOR is not fully active toward sialylated glycoproteins, and it has been suggested that this acidic residue be removed prior to digestion, thus sacrificing structural information. In this study, we investigated the performance of OpeRATOR under a range of conditions, including buffer selection, varying pH, sialic acid modification, and digestion temperature, in order to optimize the enzymatic activity, with a special emphasis on sialylated glycosites. Conditions derived in this work facilitate the OpeRATOR digestion of fully sialylated <i>O</i>-glycopeptides that are mass tagged to identify the sialyl linkage, thus facilitating the analysis of these charged <i>O</i>-glycopeptides, which are often important in biological processes.
QR Code: A New Opportunity for Effective Mobile Marketing (2013)

Quick Response code, commonly known as “QR code” is the latest phenomenon in the mobile marketing world. QR code’s attribution of linking brick and mortar world to digital domain is changing the approach of marketing. It gives marketers an opportunity to interact with consumers and engage them with their brand. Previous research and survey statistics demand the proper implementation of marketing campaign to create awareness among consumers for this new technology. Two cases of QR code implementations are used to illustrate two different frameworks which classify the marketing strategies based on the level of product/services involvement, and the marketing communication system used. Based on the product characteristics, high involvement versus low involvement and intensity of interaction in a hybrid network may result in different QR code implementations taking place.
The Complex Relationship between Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Allergy in Lung Disease (2003)

Epidemiologic studies suggest a strong link between severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced bronchiolitis in infancy and allergic disease; however, the mechanisms determining this relationship are currently unknown. In this review article, we summarize data from human clinical studies that explore the association between RSV infection and allergy, some that suggest that RSV bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization leads to an increased incidence of the allergic phenotype and others that suggest that pre-existing allergy is a risk factor for severe RSV bronchiolitis. We also review the published murine models that combine RSV infection and allergic sensitization that attempt to explain the complex relationship between these two factors in regard to lung immunopathology and physiologic dysfunction.
SPME-GC-EC of chlorinated paraffins in water (1995)

Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with chlorinated organic contaminants is an increasing toxicological problem. Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are a class of compounds which are used as fire retardants in paints and as high pressure lubricants and are classified as Priority Toxic Substances under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA). As the largest group of high molecular weight chlorinated hydrocarbons produced in Western Europe and North America, CPs have recently come under increased regulatory scrutiny in Canada, the USA, and Europe, because of concerns about their environmental persistence, possible adverse effects on terrestrial and aquatic organisms, and potential carcinogenicity to humans. In both the monitoring of such contamination and the determination of the success of remediation methods, straightforward and inexpensive analytical methodology increases the ease of environmental assessment and facilitates regulatory enforcement. CPs have been considered to be incapable of being analyzed by GC. The authors report the solid phase microextraction (SPME) based analysis of CPs by GC using electron capture (EC) detection. Both synthetic C{sub 10} standards and fractionated commercially derived material have been analyzed by this method in water.
Abnormalities of chromosome 22 in pediatric meningiomas (1994)

Cytogenetic studies of eight meningiomas in young children or adolescents were performed. Two tumors exhibited normal karyotypes. Two tumors from patients with bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis demonstrated monosomy 22 as the only abnormality. Four patients had more complicated karyotypes in which one or both of the chromosomes 22 were missing or structurally altered. The most common secondary changes in these four tumors involved monosomy or structural abnormalities of chromosome 6. These findings confirm that the primary cytogenetic changes in meningioma are similar in children and adults. Molecular analyses of pediatric meningiomas with deletions or translocations of chromosome 22 will be useful for identifying the role of chromosome 22 tumor suppressor genes in this disease.
Data from Comprehensive Profiling of DNA Repair Defects in Breast Cancer Identifies a Novel Class of Endocrine Therapy Resistance Drivers (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; This study was undertaken to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the role of DNA damage repair (DDR) defects in poor outcome ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Expression and mutational status of DDR genes in ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; breast tumors were correlated with proliferative response in neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy trials (discovery dataset), with outcomes in METABRIC, TCGA, and Loi datasets (validation datasets), and in patient-derived xenografts. A causal relationship between candidate DDR genes and endocrine treatment response, and the underlying mechanism, was then tested in ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; breast cancer cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Correlations between loss of expression of three genes: &lt;i&gt;CETN2&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and &lt;i&gt;ERCC1&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01) from the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and &lt;i&gt;NEIL2&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04) from the base excision repair (BER) pathways were associated with endocrine treatment resistance in discovery dataset, and subsequently validated in independent patient cohorts. Complementary mutation analysis supported associations between mutations in NER and BER genes and reduced endocrine treatment response. A causal role for &lt;i&gt;CETN2, NEIL2&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;ERCC1&lt;/i&gt; loss in intrinsic endocrine resistance was experimentally validated in ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; breast cancer cell lines, and in ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; patient-derived xenograft models. Loss of &lt;i&gt;CETN2, NEIL2&lt;/i&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;ERCC1&lt;/i&gt; induced endocrine treatment resistance by dysregulating G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;–S transition, and therefore, increased sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors. A combined DDR signature score was developed that predicted poor outcome in multiple patient cohorts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; This report identifies DDR defects as a new class of endocrine treatment resistance drivers and indicates new avenues for predicting efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibition in the adjuvant treatment setting. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4887–99. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A semi-blind approach to structured channel equalization (2002)

This paper describes a direct equalization approach for channels with some underlying structure. A semi-blind approach is taken here where a small amount of training symbols is available. A family of MMSE equalizers is obtained that includes some prior information about the channel structure. The channel structure assumed in this paper is that the channel vector lies approximately in the subspace of a matrix associated with the samples of the transmit pulse shape. Blind identifiability issues of the structured equalizer are also addressed. Numerical results using experimental indoor channel data indicate that these structured equalisers can achieve bit error rates that are significantly lower than traditional non-blind MMSE equalizers.
A novel photoconductive antenna with a band gap structure for terahertz applications (2014)

A highly efficient terahertz photoconductive antenna (THz-PCA) has been developed as a wideband terahertz detector for terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) systems with a periodic bias line structure to remove unwanted reflections and enhance the frequency resolution. This novel THz-PCA is characterized in a THz-TDS system using a 100 fs optical pulse excitation from which a terahertz pulse width of 0.4 ps and a bandwidth of 4 THz is obtained. The THz-PCA is integrated into a rugged and easy to use packaged module as a sensor for industrial applications.
Effects of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein in persistent gram-negative bacteremia. (1996)

Reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) have been shown bind bacterial LPS and reduce its toxic effects. Since the effect of rHDL on LPS in vitro cannot be directly extrapolated to the in-vivo picture of Gram-negative septic shock, we have investigated the effects of rHDL in a rabbit model of Gram-negative bacteremia. Rabbits were anesthetized, ventilated, and invasively monitored for 6 hours. Escherichia coli (4 x 10(9) CFU/kg) were infused over 2 hours in rabbits given rHDL (75 mg/kg) before the bacterial challenge. Antibiotics were not used in this model. The bacterial infusion resulted in a bacteremia that persisted until the end of the study. The sepsis-induced TNF peak was significantly lowered by rHDL treatment (10 +/- 3 ng/mL in rHDL treated versus 33 +/- 5 in controls, P = 0.001). Blood pressure, although not statistically significant, tended to be higher in the rHDL group. Acidosis was significantly attenuated up to 3 hours after the beginning of the bacterial challenge (7.39 +/- 0.05 versus 7.27 +/- 0.05 in controls, P = 0.041). rHDL treatment produced some transient beneficial effects in this model of persistent Gram-negative bacteremia. Additional studies, investigating the effects of rHDL in combination with antibiotics, are warranted.
Ets‐1/ Elk‐1 is a critical mediator of dipeptidyl‐peptidase III transcription in human glioblastoma cells (2010)

Dipetidyl-peptidase III is a metallopeptidase involved in a number of physiological processes and its expression has been reported to increase with the histological aggressiveness of human ovarian primary carcinomas. Because no information regarding the regulation of its expression was available, experiments were designed to clone, define and characterize the promoter region of the human dipeptidyl-peptidase III (DPP-III) gene. In this study, we cloned a 1038 bp 5'-flanking DNA fragment of the human DPP-III gene for the first time and demonstrated strong promoter activity in this region. Deletion analysis revealed that as few as 45 nucleotides proximal to the transcription start site retained approximately 40% of the activity of the full-length promoter. This promoter lacked the TATA box but contained multiple GC boxes and a single CAAT box. Similarly, two Ets-1/Elk-1-binding motifs are present in the first 25 nucleotides from the transcription start site. Binding of Ets-1/Elk-1 proteins to these motifs was visualized by electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Mutations of these binding sites abolished not only binding of the Ets protein, but also the intrinsic promoter activity. Increased DNA-binding activity of Ets-1/Elk-1 by v-Ha-ras also augmented the mRNA level and promoter activity of this gene. Similarly, co-transfection of DPP-III promoter-reporter constructs with Ets-1 expression vector led to a significant increase in promoter activity. From these results, we conclude that Ets-1/Elk-1 plays a critical role in transcription of the human DPP-III gene.
Data from A Strong B-cell Response Is Part of the Immune Landscape in Human High-Grade Serous Ovarian Metastases (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; In high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), higher densities of both B cells and the CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell infiltrate were associated with a better prognosis. However, the precise role of B cells in the antitumor response remains unknown. As peritoneal metastases are often responsible for relapse, our aim was to characterize the role of B cells in the antitumor immune response in HGSOC metastases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Unmatched pre and post-chemotherapy HGSOC metastases were studied. B-cell localization was assessed by immunostaining. Their cytokines and chemokines were measured by a multiplex assay, and their phenotype was assessed by flow cytometry. Further &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; assays highlighted the role of B cells and plasma cell IgGs in the development of cytotoxic responses and dendritic cell activation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; B cells mainly infiltrated lymphoid structures in the stroma of HGSOC metastases. There was a strong B-cell memory response directed at a restricted repertoire of antigens and production of tumor-specific IgGs by plasma cells. These responses were enhanced by chemotherapy. Interestingly, transcript levels of CD20 correlated with markers of immune cytolytic responses and immune complexes with tumor-derived IgGs stimulated the expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 on antigen-presenting cells. A positive role for B cells in the antitumor response was also supported by B-cell depletion in a syngeneic mouse model of peritoneal metastasis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our data showed that B cells infiltrating HGSOC omental metastases support the development of an antitumor response. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 250–62. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
First results of COSTAR: A randomised trial of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) vs cochlea-sparing intensity modulated radiotherapy (CS-IMRT) in patients with parotid cancer. (2016)

6006 Background: 30-50% of patients receiving post-operative RT for parotid cancer experience ipsilateral hearing loss. IMRT can reduce radiation dose to the cochlea. COSTAR (CRUK/08/004) investigated the role of IMRT in reducing hearing loss in these patients. Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the parotid gland (pT1-4, pN0-3, M0) were randomized 1:1 to receive CT-planned 3DCRT or CS-IMRT. 60Gy (R0 resection) or 65Gy (R1-2) in 30 fractions were delivered over 6 weeks. Treatment allocation used minimisation, balancing for centre and planned RT dose. The primary endpoint was proportion of patients with hearing loss in the ipsilateral cochlea of ≥10dB measured by bone conduction at 4000Hz 12 months (m) after RT; compared between randomized groups by an exact test (α=0.05). Secondary endpoints (α=0.01) included hearing loss at 6m and 24m, vestibular function, acute and late toxicity, patient reported quality of life (including Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile (GHABP), time to tumour recurrence and survival. Results: 110 patients (54 3DCRT; 56 CS-IMRT) were randomised between 2008 and 2013 from 22 UK centres. 99 (90%) patients were R1-2 (47 3DCRT; 52 CS-IMRT). Mean dose to the ipsilateral cochlea was 56.2Gy for 3DCRT and 35.7Gy for CS-IMRT, (p<0.001). 66/110 (60%) patients were evaluable for the primary endpoint; the main reasons for non-evaluability were non-attendance at follow-up audiology and bone conduction assessment not performed. At 12m, a loss of ≥10dB in ipsilateral bone conduction was observed in 14/35 (40%) 3DCRT and 11/31 (36%) CS-IMRT patients (p=0.80). No statistically significant differences in bone or air conduction were observed at 6m or 24m after RT nor for any GHABP initial disability or handicap subscales, vestibular function, acute or late toxicity, overall quality of life, time to tumour recurrence or survival. Conclusions: IMRT reduced the radiation dose below the accepted tolerance of the cochlea, but this did not lead to a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of patients with hearing loss in the ipsilateral ear at 12 months after RT. Clinical trial information: ISRCTN81772291.