gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BIODEGRADABLE POLY-EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE (PCL) FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS: A REVIEW (2012)

Biodegradable polymers have been used in biomedical applications generally, and in tissue engineering especially, due to good physical and biological properties. Poly-epsilon- caprolactone (PCL) is a one of biodegradable polymers, which has a long time of degradation. But the mechanical properties, biodegradability and biocompatibility of the pure PCL cannot meet up with the requirement for some of the biomedical applications such as bone tissue engineering, for that many researches have established to focus on the modification of the PCL. In this review, different results on the fabrication of PCL for specific field of tissue engineering, tissue engineering incorporated in different PCL, surface modifications, blending with other polymers and their micro-porous structure are represented in brief outcomes. In addition dissolution of PCL in different organic solvents and the effect on their properties was attainable. Moreover, the physical and biological properties of PCL for different type of tissue engineering applications (hard and soft tissue) are obtainable.
Porous Silicon Membranes over Cavity for Efficient Local Thermal Isolation in Si Thermal Sensors (2004)

An improvement of porous silicon technology for local thermal isolation on bulk crystalline silicon is presented. The technique consists of forming an air cavity below the porous layer to increase the thermal isolation efficiency. Both porous silicon and the cavity underneath are formed during the same electrochemical process in two steps: in step 1 the current density used is below a critical value, and in step 2 it is switched to a value above the critical current for electropolishing. In this way, porous silicon is formed first, followed by the formation of the cavity underneath. Experimental results and simulations are shown together with an application of this process in a thermal silicon flow sensor. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Modified two-fluid model for superconductor surface impedance calculation (1994)

The traditional two-fluid model of superconducting conductivity was modified to reflect the BCS coherence effects in the conductivity of a superconductor, which are incorporated through an effective ratio of normal-to-superconducting electrons. The ratio is a simple analytical expression which depends on frequency, temperature, and material parameters. This modified two-fluid model allows accurate and rapid calculation of the microwave surface impedance of a superconductor in the clean and dirty limits and in the weak- and strong-coupled regimes. The model compares well with surface resistance data for Nb. Numerical calculations of surface impedance with the modified two-fluid model are one to five orders of magnitude faster than equivalent BCS calculations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adaptive Spatial Modulation for Wireless MIMO Transmission Systems (2011)

In this letter, an adaptive spatial modulation (ASM) transmission scheme is proposed to achieve better system performance under a fixed data rate. The proposed scheme is based on a developed modulation order selection criterion (MOSC), so as to minimize the conditioned pairwise error probability (PEP) for each channel realization. Furthermore, the special information-conveying mode of spatial modulation (SM) is utilized to reduce the complexity of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive SM scheme provides considerable system performance improvement compared to original SM system.
Swift: Compiled Inference for Probabilistic Programming Languages (2016)

A probabilistic program defines a probability measure over its semantic structures. One common goal of probabilistic programming languages (PPLs) is to compute posterior probabilities for arbitrary models and queries, given observed evidence, using a generic inference engine. Most PPL inference engines---even the compiled ones---incur significant runtime interpretation overhead, especially for contingent and open-universe models. This paper describes Swift, a compiler for the BLOG PPL. Swift-generated code incorporates optimizations that eliminate interpretation overhead, maintain dynamic dependencies efficiently, and handle memory management for possible worlds of varying sizes. Experiments comparing Swift with other PPL engines on a variety of inference problems demonstrate speedups ranging from 12x to 326x.
Prevalence of renal artery stenosis in diabetes mellitus — an autopsy study (1991)

Abstract. The prevalence of renal artery stenosis in diabetic patients is unknown, since no noninvasive and valid screening procedures are available. We have therefore evaluated 5194 consecutive autopsy protocols from patients who died between 1980 and 1988. In addition, all available clinical records for patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS) and a random sample were evaluated. It was found that 73% of patients with RAS were hypertensive, and 53% had diabetes, all but one being Type 2 (non‐insulin‐dependent). Renal artery stenosis was present in 225 (4.3%) of all patients [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.8–4.9], and was not reported in the patients' clinical records in 93% of cases. RAS was present in 8.3 % of all diabetic patients (95% CI, 6.8–9.8 %), the odds ratio being 3.5 (95% CI, 2.6–4.6). The frequency of renal artery stenosis in diabetic patients with hypertension was 10.1 %. Bilateral renal artery stenosis was found in 43% of patients with RAS and diabetes, and in 30% of non‐diabetic patients with RAS ( P = 0.059). Our results indicate that renal artery stenosis often goes undetected before autopsy. The presence of non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus increases the risk of renal artery stenosis. The risk of bilateral renal artery stenosis is greater in diabetic patients. These results may be of significance with regard to the diagnostic evaluation and choice of antihypertensive treatment in hypertensive non‐insulin‐dependent diabetic patients.
An empirical evaluation of test case filtering techniques based on exercising complex information flows (2005)

Some software defects trigger failures only when certain complex information flows occur within the software. Profiling and analyzing such flows therefore provides a potentially important basis for filtering test cases. We report the results of an empirical evaluation of several test case filtering techniques that are based on exercising complex information flows. Both coverage-based and profile-distribution-based filtering techniques are considered. They are compared to filtering techniques based on exercising basic blocks, branches, function calls, and def-use pairs, with respect to their effectiveness for revealing defects.
Use of the Anaerobic Pouch in Isolating Clostridium botulinum Spores from Fresh Meats (1966)

The anaerobic film pouch was demonstrated to be an effective device for the primary isolation of Clostridium botulinum types A and B spores from raw pork, beef, and chicken. Optimal pasteurization of these meats (for reduction of nonspore microflora without affecting indigenous putrefactive anaerobic spore levels) was 50 min at 60 C. C. botulinum spores were recovered with good precision from meat samples inoculated with mixtures of C. botulinum and Putrefactive Anaerobe 3679 at 1:1 and at 1:99 ratios. Verification of C. botulinum isolates was accomplished by protection testing of subcultures in mice.
Development of a relationship between olfactory response and major odorants from organic wastes (2000)

Determination of an averaged human olfactory response as odour concentration to odours by instrumental means has been sought to simplify on-site measurement and reduce cost. Different concentrations of hydrogen sulphide, 4-methyl phenol, ammonia and acetic acid were used to simulate livestock waste odour. A second-order uniform precision rotatable central composite statistical design identified 31 odour mixtures to establish a human olfactory response model. An odour panel containing eight people was selected according to recognised criteria. They had an average age of 43.3 years. A multiple linear regression model accounted for 74.1% of the variance, with a decreasing order of influence of hydrogen sulphide > 4-methyl phenol ≫ acetic acid within the bounds of the model described. Surprisingly, 4-methyl phenol concentration produced a negative effect on the olfactory response. To enable better fitting of the complex olfactory response radial basis function, neural network modelling was used to account for 88% of the variance. With pig manure odours outside the studied concentration range the network model did not function. Predictions using the linear regression model were on average 20% less than observed values. These findings demonstrate that this approach is appropriate to determine the odour concentration from pig manure using the main odorants. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand expression by human myeloma cells mediates osteoclast formation in vitro and correlates with bone destruction in vivo. (2003)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable B-cell malignancy able to mediate massive destruction of the axial skeleton. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of the tumor necrosis factor-ligand family member, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), and its naturally occurring antagonist, osteoprotegerin (OPG), in MM biology. Using flow cytometry and two independent anti-RANKL antibodies, we demonstrate RANKL expression in CD38(+++)CD45(+) and CD38(+++)CD45(-) myeloma plasma cell (MPC) subpopulations derived from patients with osteolytic MM. In addition, highly purified subpopulations of MPC express mRNA for both transmembrane and soluble RANKL isoforms but lack expression of OPG mRNA and protein. We also show that RANKL expressed by MPC is functional as in vitro coculture of CD38(+++)CD45(+) and CD38(+++)CD45(-) MPC subpopulations with peripheral blood mononuclear cells resulted in the formation of multinucleate, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts-like cells capable of forming typical resorption pits. Furthermore, high expression of membrane-associated RANKL by CD38(+++) MPC correlated with the presence of multiple radiological bone lesions in individuals with MM. Together, our data strongly suggest that RANKL expression by MPC confers on them the ability to participate directly in the formation of osteoclast in vivo and extends our knowledge of the involvement of RANKL and OPG in the osteolysis characteristic of this disease.
DETERMINATION OF STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF AG3AUS2 AND AU2S BY USE SOLID STATE GALVANIC CELL TECHNIQUE (2002)

Binary silver and gold sulphides appear as mineral uytenbogaardtite (Ag3AuS2) and petrovskaite (AgAuS). Thermodynamic properties of these phases and Au2S are not enough investigated. To estimate thermodynamic properties of sulphides in the system Ag-Au-S [1] used experimental data on their equilibrium with electrum between (100-850) C. The goal of the present work is to determine the Gibbs energy of formation of Ag3AuS2 and Au2S using solid-state galvanic cell technique (emfmethod).
Nanostructured bismuth vanadate-based materials for solar-energy-driven water oxidation: a review on recent progress (2014)

Water oxidation is the key step for both photocatalytic water splitting and CO₂ reduction, but its efficiency is very low compared with the photocatalytic reduction of water. Bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) is the most promising photocatalyst for water oxidation and has become a hot topic for current research. However, the efficiency achieved with this material to date is far away from the theoretical solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency, mainly due to the poor photo-induced electron transportation and the slow kinetics of oxygen evolution. Fortunately, great breakthroughs have been made in the past five years in both improving the efficiency and understanding the related mechanism. This review is aimed at summarizing the recent experimental and computational breakthroughs in single crystals modified by element doping, facet engineering, and morphology control, as well as macro/mesoporous structure construction, and composites fabricated by homo/hetero-junction construction and co-catalyst loading. We aim to provide guidelines for the rational design and fabrication of highly efficient BiVO₄-based materials for water oxidation.
Co-Oxidation Processes Promoted by N-Hydroxyphthalimide/Aldehyde System. (2013)

Aldehyde autoxidation rates are very high even at room temperature and atmospheric \npressure and this property has been often used to promote the so-called “co-oxidation” \nprocesses, in which a mixture of an aldehyde and another less reactive organic substrate \nis submitted to molecular oxygen. The present work is addressed to overcome the most \nrecent developments in this field, covering the last decade. \nAfter a brief overview on significative co-oxidative processes mediated by \naldehydes, we focus on the recent results reported by the authors for the selective \nepoxidation of olefins and the selective oxidation of alkylaromatic to the corresponding \nhydroperoxides promoted by the new N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI)/aldehyde catalytic \nsystem under mild aerobic oxidations. Enthalpic, polar, solvent and temperature effects \nare widely disclosed. Moreover, the free-radical reaction mechanism based on the in situ \ngeneration of phthalimido-N-oxyl (PINO) radical by means of the “molecule-induced \nhomolysis” of NHPI is deeply investigated and supported by experimental evidences.
Computer-aided Detection of Colorectal Polyps: Can It Improve Sensitivity of Less-Experienced Readers? Preliminary Findings (2007)

Results of this feasibility study suggest that CAD for CT colonography significantly improves per-polyp detection for less-experienced readers.
Dyslexie: thema’s, controversen en perspectieven (2014)

Dyslexie is een stoornis in het lezen, vaak in combinatie met problemen bij het spellen.
A mesh deformation algorithm for free surface problems (1997)

Employing the simple iterative technique of adjusting the element positions using computed potentials to locate the free surface can lead to finite elements with large aspect ratios as the free surface drops towards the base of the mesh. In particular, free surface modelling of earth dams with base drains suffer from this problem. The paper suggests a number of steps which can be taken to alleviate mesh distortion problems and improve the numerical stability of the iterative finite element analysis. This leads to a mesh deformation algorithm which adjusts element widths in a simple fashion depending on the free surface height as the iterations proceed. The algorithm is specialized to the sloped earth dam problem, but may find application to other geometries. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increase of water viscosity under the influence of magnetic field (2006)

Effect of applied magnetic field on the water viscosity between 298 and 323K has been investigated. A higher absolute viscosity has been observed in the presence of applied magnetic field compared to no field which has been explained on the basis of stronger hydrogen bonds. The measurement is found to increase consistently at higher temperatures. The relative increase in viscosity Δη∕η0 is of the order of 10−3 in a 7.5kG transverse magnetic field where Δη is the viscosity change compared to the no-field viscosity η0 at a given temperature.
All optical dynamic nanomanipulation with active colloidal tweezers (2019)

Manipulation of colloidal objects with light is important in diverse fields. While performance of traditional optical tweezers is restricted by the diffraction-limit, recent approaches based on plasmonic tweezers allow higher trapping efficiency at lower optical powers but suffer from the disadvantage that plasmonic nanostructures are fixed in space, which limits the speed and versatility of the trapping process. As we show here, plasmonic nanodisks fabricated over dielectric microrods provide a promising approach toward optical nanomanipulation: these hybrid structures can be maneuvered by conventional optical tweezers and simultaneously generate strongly confined optical near-fields in their vicinity, functioning as near-field traps themselves for colloids as small as 40 nm. The colloidal tweezers can be used to transport nanoscale cargo even in ionic solutions at optical intensities lower than the damage threshold of living micro-organisms, and in addition, allow parallel and independently controlled manipulation of different types of colloids, including fluorescent nanodiamonds and magnetic nanoparticles.
Andrographolide Suppresses MV4-11 Cell Proliferation through the Inhibition of FLT3 Signaling, Fatty Acid Synthesis and Cellular Iron Uptake (2017)

<i>Background</i>: Andrographolide (ADR), the main active component of <i>Andrographis paniculata</i>, displays anticancer activity in various cancer cell lines, among which leukemia cell lines exhibit the highest sensitivity to ADR. In particular, ADR was also reported to have reduced drug resistance in multidrug resistant cell lines. However, the mechanism of action (MOA) of ADR's anticancer and anti-drug-resistance activities remain elusive. <i>Methods</i>: In this study, we used the MV4-11 cell line, a FLT3 positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line that displays multidrug resistance, as our experimental system. We first evaluated the effect of ADR on MV4-11 cell proliferation. Then, a quantitative proteomics approach was applied to identify differentially expressed proteins in ADR-treated MV4-11 cells. Finally, cellular processes and signal pathways affected by ADR in MV4-11 cell were predicted with proteomic analysis and validated with in vitro assays. <i>Results</i>: ADR inhibits MV4-11 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. With a proteomic approach, we discovered that ADR inhibited fatty acid synthesis, cellular iron uptake and FLT3 signaling pathway in MV4-11 cells. <i>Conclusions</i>: ADR inhibits MV4-11 cell proliferation through inhibition of fatty acid synthesis, iron uptake and protein synthesis. Furthermore, ADR reduces drug resistance by blocking FLT3 signaling.
Differential effects of γ‐secretase and BACE1 inhibition on brain Aβ levels in vitro and in vivo (2009)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is hypothesized to result from elevated brain levels of beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) which is the main component of plaques found in AD brains and which cause memory impairment in mice. Therefore, there has been a major focus on the development of inhibitors of the Abeta producing enzymes gamma-secretase and beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). In this study, we investigated the Abeta-lowering effects of the BACE1 inhibitor LY2434074 in vitro and in vivo, comparing it to the well characterized gamma-secretase inhibitor LY450139. We sampled interstitial fluid Abeta from awake APPswe/PS1dE9 AD mice by in vivo Abeta microdialysis. In addition, we measured levels of endogenous brain Abeta extracted from wildtype C57BL/6 mice. In our in vitro assays both compounds showed similar Abeta-lowering effects. However, while systemic administration of LY450139 resulted in transient reduction of Abeta in both in vivo models, we were unable to show any Abeta-lowering effect by systemic administration of the BACE1 inhibitor LY2434074 despite brain exposure exceeding the in vitro IC(50) value several fold. In contrast, significant reduction of 40-50% of interstitial fluid Abeta and wildtype cortical Abeta was observed when infusing LY2434074 directly into the brain by means of reverse microdialysis or by dosing the BACE1 inhibitor to p-glycoprotein (p-gp) mutant mice. The effects seen in p-gp mutant mice and subsequent data from our cell-based p-gp transport assay suggested that LY2434074 is a p-gp substrate. This may partly explain why BACE1 inhibition by LY2434074 has lower in vivo efficacy, with respect to decreased Abeta40 levels, compared with gamma-secretase inhibition by LY450139.
CANOES II; Dynamics of Atmospheric Infrared Thermochemical Excitation. Volume 2 (1989)

Abstract : In the electron disturbed upper atmosphere, electronically excited metastable forms of oxygen and nitrogen are formed by electron impact processes. These species dissipate their energy into the atmosphere largely by collisional quenching and chemical reaction. Specific species and reactions of interest include: 1) electronically and/or vibrationally excited nitrogen, N2*, its spectroscopy, energy pooling and interactions with oxygen, O2 and trace, infrared-active atmospheric species such as carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide; 2) metastable atomic nitrogen, N(2D, 2P), reaction kinetics and product branching ratios in interactions with the above atmospheric species; 3) various metastable states of O2, O2*, and their potential as auroral precursors of infrared radiation from other atmospheric species; and 4) the role of metastable-metastable O2/N2 interactions as potential sources for non-linear infrared effects which might occur in strong aurorae. Appendices P thru U pertain to: Rovibrational Excitation of Nitric Oxide in the Reaction of O2 with Metastable Atomic Nitrogen, Rovibrational Excitation of Carbon Monoxide By Energy Transfer From Metastable Nitrogen, Classical Trajectory Study of Ozone Recombination Dynamics: The Chaperon Mechanism; Formation and Stabilization Dynamics of Ozone Complexes; Multicollisional Trajectory Studies of Vibrationally/Rotationally Excited Ozone Molecules by Argon Atoms, Relaxation of Vibrationally Excited Oxygen Molecules by Collision with Oxygen Atoms. Keywords: Infrared emission, Molecular dynamics. (AW)
Heat Transfer and Pumping Power of Al 2 O 3 -Water Nanofluids in Commercial Galvanized Iron Pipes (2016)

Employing nanofluids as heat transfer agents may enhance the heat transfer but at the expense of the pumping power needed. Most of the studies investigated this issue counted for smooth pipes; however, the rough pipes have larger friction factors and consequently larger pumping power penalty. To fulfill this gap, in this paper the rough pipes made of galvanized iron have been studied, rather than the smooth pipes. Particularly, Al2O3-water nanofluids running in commercial galvanized iron pipes have been considered. The studied variables are the nanoparticles concentration (0.01 - 0.1%) and nanofluid velocity in terms of Reynolds number (4000 - 100000). A multi- objective optimization method (e method) is used to formulate and solve the problem considering the galvanized iron pipes roughness in order to maximize the heat transfer enhancement along with decreasing the pressure drop via manipulating the nanofluid concentration and velocity. The optimization results are plotted in a Pareto front whereby sets of trade-offs between the minimum pumping power and the maximum convective heat transfer are given along with the corresponding nanoparticles concentration and nanofluids velocity. The results indicate that at low nanoparticle concentrations, the extra pumping power is almost negligible; from Pareto front the minimum pumping power penalty along with maximum convective heat transfer can be attained for instance at a nanofluid velocity of 0.5 m/s and nanofluid concentration of 0.005. A linear relation between the maximum pressure drop and the nanofluid velocity is noticed. Keywords: Rough galvanized pipes, Al2O3-water nanofluids, Convective heat transfer, Pumping power, e multi- objective optimization method, Energy systems.