gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple C2 Symmetrical Sulfide for a One-Pot Asymmetric Conversion of Aldehydes into Oxiranes (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Simple C2 Symmetrical Sulfide for a One-Pot Asymmetric Conversion of Aldehydes into OxiranesKarine Julienne, Patrick Metzner, Vivien Henryon, and Alfred GreinerView Author Information Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-organique (UMR CNRS 6507), ISMRA-Université, 6, boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France Rhône Poulenc Industrialisation, Centre de Recherches des Carrières, 85, avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Lyon, France Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 13, 4532–4534Publication Date (Web):June 5, 1998Publication History Received17 February 1998Published online5 June 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo980269phttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo980269pbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1031Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Ethers,Molecular structure,Solvents,Sulfides Get e-Alerts
Extracellular Vesicles Derived fromAcholeplasma laidlawiiPG8 (2011)

Extracellular vesicle production is believed to be a ubiquitous process in bacteria, but the data on such a process in Mollicutes are absent. We report the isolation of ultramicroforms - extracellular vesicles from supernatants of Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8 (ubiquitous mycoplasma; the main contaminant of cell culture). Considering sizes, morphology, and ultrastructural organization, the ultramicroforms of A. laidlawii PG8 are similar to membrane vesicles of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We demonstrate that A. laidlawii PG8 vesicles contain genetic material and proteins, and are mutagenic to lymphocytes of human peripheral blood. We show that Mycoplasma gallisepticum S6, the other mycoplasma, also produce similar structures, which suggests that shedding of the vesicles might be the common phenomenon in Mollicutes. We found that the action of stress conditions results in the intensive formation of ultramicroforms in mycoplasmas. The role of vesicular formation in mycoplasmas remains to be studied.
Bi-color coding for screen visual content (2014)

Palette coding has been adopted in the draft standard of HEVC screen content coding (HEVC SCC). This paper shows that a considerable portion of areas in screen visual contents typically contains two major colors. Therefore, this paper proposes two bi-color coding tools, called bi-color index coding (BCIC) and bi-color prediction mode (BCPM). The BCIC addresses the bi-color coding issue within the palette mode by enhancing the index coding for bi-color indices. The BCPM, however, is an independent mode that performs bi-color prediction for the current coding unit by a candidate list of previously decoded pixels. The resulting indices are binary that can be effectively coded by the proposed BCIC. Both of the BCIC and BCPM have been recommended to be further studied in the core experiments of HEVC SCC in the 18 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> JCT-VC meeting. Experimental results show that the BCIC and BCPM improve the BD-rate saving of SCM1.0 up to -1.3% and -2.9% respectively.
Absence of MDM‐2 gene amplification in experimentally induced tumors regardless of p53 status (1994)

To assess the generality of the hypothesis that murine double-minute-2 (MDM-2) gene amplification complements the absence of p53 mutation during tumor development, we analyzed 143 murine tumors induced by a variety of carcinogenic agents in two different mouse strains. Only three of 143 tumors showed p53 genetic alterations and none showed MDM-2 amplification, indicating the existence of alternative pathways that permit tumor cells to bypass p53-MDM-2 control.
Coupling of mixed finite element and stabilized boundary element methods for a fluid–solid interaction problem in 3D (2014)

Abstract We introduce and analyze the coupling of a mixed finite element and a boundary element for a three‐dimensional time‐harmonic fluid–solid interaction problem. We consider a formulation in which the Cauchy stress tensor and the rotation are the main variables in the elastic structure and use the usual pressure formulation in the acoustic fluid. The mixed variational formulation in the solid is completed with boundary integral equations relating the Cauchy data of the acoustic problem on the coupling interface. A crucial point in our formulation is the stabilization technique introduced by Hiptmair and coworkers to avoid the well‐known instability issue appearing in the boundary element method treatment of the exterior Helmholtz problem. The main novelty of this formulation, with respect to a previous approach, consists in reducing the computational domain to the solid media and providing a more accurate treatment of the far field effect. We show that the continuous problem is well‐posed and propose a conforming Galerkin method based on the lowest‐order Arnold–Falk–Winther mixed finite element. Finally, we prove that the numerical scheme is convergent with optimal order.Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 1211–1233, 2014
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (2017)

With greater recognition, understanding, and treatment of this syndrome, both ocular inflammation and renal disease can be better addressed.
Design of an electron microscope phase plate using a focused continuous-wave laser (2010)

We propose a Zernike phase contrast electron microscope that uses an intense laser focus to convert a phase image into a visible image. We present the relativistic quantum theory of the phase shift caused by the laser-electron interaction, study resonant cavities for enhancing the laser intensity and discuss applications in biology, soft-materials science and atomic and molecular physics.
Advanced Copper Column Based Solder Bump for Flip-Chip Interconnection (1997)

A flip-chip interconnection technology which enables reduction of strain in the bumps and uniform encapsulation of underfill resin has been developed by applying the advanced copper column based solder bumps. ' The solder bump has a copper column at the center of its bottom and is designed for high reliability flip-chip interconnection. The copper column shape and the solder volume were obtained by employing FEM (Finite Element Model) simulation to analyze the plastic strain in the solder bumps. In the fabrication process, a microstructural resist patterning technique to form the copper column precisely was developed. Also, the electroplating technique to control the copper column shape and solder volume has been developed by utilizing voltammetric analysis. The relations between the encapsulant flow and encapsulation bump layout design parameters were obtained by the evaluation of encapsulation flow characteristics under the LSI chip based on the laminar model.. Concerning reliability, the thermal fatigue lifetime of the flip-chip interconnection was found to be equal to or longer than that of the conventional interconnection.
A re-evaluation of controlled freeze-tests and controlled environment hardening conditions to estimate the winter survival potential of hardy winter wheats (2001)

To identify superior winter-hardy winter wheat genotypes it is essential to have a reliable screening method that can detect small differences in freezing tolerance. A highly significant correlation was obtained between the minimum temperature tolerated by fully cold-hardened seedlings and the field survival index for 36 winter wheat cultivars with freezing tolerance varying from –13°C to –23°C. On the basis of their long-term field survival under cold stress, these cultivars represent two separate genotypic groups, semi-cold-hardy (Group A) and very cold-hardy (Group B). The correlation coefficient between minimum survival temperature and winter survival for the semi-hardy genotypes was not significant, although it was significant for the hardy genotypes (coefficient of determination was 25.9%). However, the minimum survival freeze test did not differentiate genotypes that varied widely in field survival. In comparing the very hardy winter genotypes (e.g., Norstar, Alabaskaja, Roughrider, etc.), no significant correlation was observed between either minimum survival temperature or crown moisture content. The freezing tolerance of 33 winter wheat genotypes was compared for seedlings naturally cold acclimated and for seedlings grown either in soil or hydroponically and hardened in a controlled environment chamber. On average, soil-grown seedlings, cold acclimated in a controlled environment were more freezing tolerant than seedlings acclimated naturally or grown hydroponically and acclimated in a controlled environment. Several semi-winter-hardy genotypes attained a freezing tolerance equivalent to that of very hardy winter genotypes when acclimated in a controlled environment chamber. Thus, it is possible to overestimate the freezing tolerance of seedlings acclimated in a controlled environment. Key words: Winter wheat, freezing tolerance, winter injury, screening techniques
Axelrod: 1.1.0 (2016)

New strategies and minor changes to the test suite Here are all the commits for this PR: https://github.com/Axelrod-Python/Axelrod/compare/v1.0.1...v1.1.0 This introduces various new strategies to the library: Adaptive Handshake CyclerDC and CyclerDDC (used in the literature) 8 Finite State Machine strategies: Fortress3, Fortress4, Predator, Raider, Ripoff, SolutionB1, SolutionB5, Thumper This version also includes a minor change to the test suite: shortening the size of the tournaments being run in the integration tests. Here is the PR that incorporated all of the above: https://github.com/Axelrod-Python/Axelrod/pull/591
Effect of glenohumeral abduction angle on the mechanical interaction between the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons for the intact, partial‐thickness torn, and repaired supraspinatus tendon conditions (2010)

Rotator cuff tears are difficult to manage because of the structural and mechanical inhomogeneity of the supraspinatus tendon. Previously, we showed that with the arm at the side, the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons mechanically interact such that conditions that increase supraspinatus tendon strain, such as load or full-thickness tears, also increase infraspinatus tendon strain. This suggests that the infraspinatus tendon may shield the supraspinatus tendon from further injury while becoming at increased risk of injury itself. In this study, the effect of glenohumeral abduction angle on the interaction between the two tendons was evaluated for supraspinatus tendon partial-thickness tears and two repair techniques. Principal strains were quantified in both tendons for 0 degrees , 30 degrees , and 60 degrees of glenohumeral abduction. Results showed that interaction between the two tendons is interrupted by an increase in abduction angle for all supraspinatus tendon conditions evaluated. Infraspinatus tendon strain was lower at 30 degrees and 60 degrees than at 0 degrees abduction angle. In conclusion, interaction between the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons is interrupted with increase in abduction angle. Additionally, 30 degrees abduction should be further evaluated for management of rotator cuff tears and repairs as it is the angle at which both supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon strain is decreased.
Computational Tools for the Verification of Hybrid Systems (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Hybrid System Model Exact Reach Set Computation Using Level Sets Overapproximations of Reachable Sets Summary References
Solar cell without environmental pollution by using CZTS thin film (2003)

Aiming to develop the solar cell free from the environmental contaminants, a thin film type solar cell was produced by using Cu/sub 2/ZnSnS/sub 4/ (CZTS). CZTS thin films could be successfully formed by the vapor phase sulfurization of the precursors prepared by vacuum evaporation. Instead of CdSO/sub 4/, CdI/sub 2/ was used as the Cd-source in the preparation of the CdS buffer layer by chemical-bath-deposition technique. This buffer layer increased both the value of FF and the conversion efficiency from 0.4 to 0.6 and from 2.62% to 4.25% respectively. In order to examine the effect of addition of Na, the CZTS-based solar cell with Na/sub 2/S/Mo/SiO/sub 2//SLG substrate was produced. The present study obtained the value of FF and the conversion efficiency as 0.6 and 5.45% respectively, which are the best records in all many studies on CZTS.
Effect of gas recycle rate on the hydrocracking of vacuum bottoms in a pilot plant (1990)

Hydrocracking runs were carried out in a 1 bbl/d pilot plant using vacuum tower bottoms (VTB) from a blend of Western Canadian heavy crudes. The effect of the superficial gas velocity on the reactor dynamics and on the conversion of VTB to distillate was examined for several sets of superficial gas velocities and various temperatures. A gamma-ray interrogation method was applied to examine the hydrodynamics of multi-phase flows in the bubble column reactor. Because hydrocracking reactions occur in the liquid phase, the pitch (524 ° C+) conversion is strongly affected by the liquid holdup which is a function of the superficial gas velocity. In these runs, the effect of gas velocity on pitch conversion was strong enough to offset the normal increase in pitch conversion with temperature so that similar pitch conversion could be obtained for different combinations of temperature and gas velocity. Product distributions were uniquely correlated with the pitch conversion and a first order lumped parameter kinetic model was applicable. Sulphur conversion was also correlated with pitch conversion.
Personal Interventions for Reducing Exposure and Risk for Outdoor Air Pollution: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report (2021)

Poor air quality affects the health and wellbeing of large populations around the globe. Although source controls are the most effective approaches for improving air quality and reducing health risks, individuals can also take actions to reduce their personal exposure by staying indoors, reducing physical activity, altering modes of transportation, filtering indoor air, and using respirators and other types of face masks. A synthesis of available evidence on the efficacy, effectiveness, and potential adverse effects or unintended consequences of personal interventions for air pollution is needed by clinicians to assist patients and the public in making informed decisions about use of these interventions. To address this need, the American Thoracic Society convened a workshop in May of 2018 to bring together a multidisciplinary group of international experts to review the current state of knowledge about personal interventions for air pollution and important considerations when helping patients and the general public to make decisions about how best to protect themselves. From these discussions, recommendations were made regarding when, where, how, and for whom to consider personal interventions. In addition to the efficacy and safety of the various interventions, the committee considered evidence regarding the identification of patients at greatest risk, the reliability of air quality indices, the communication challenges, and the ethical and equity considerations that arise when discussing personal interventions to reduce exposure and risk from outdoor air pollution.
The WirelessAutonomous Spanning treeProtocol forMultihop WirelessBody AreaNetworks (2006)

Wireless bodyareanetworks (WBANs)havegained a lotofinterest intheworldofmedical monitoring. Current implementations generally usea largesingle hopnetworkto connect allsensors toapersonal server. Howeverrecent research pointed outthatmultihop networks aremoreenergy-efficient and evennecessary whenapplied nearthehumanbodywithinherent severepropagation loss. Inthispaperwe present a slotted multihop approach tomediumaccess control androuting in wireless bodyareanetworks, theWireless Autonomous Spanning treeProtocol orWASP.Itusescrosslayer techniques toachieve efficient distributed coordination oftheseparated wireless links. Traffic inthenetworkiscontrolled bysetting upa spanning treeandbybroadcasting schememessages overitthatareused bothbytheparentandthechildren ofeachnodeinthetree. We analyze theperformance ofWASP andshowthesimulation results.
Seismic facies analysis of a Middle Miocene turbidite reservoir: Marlin field example (2004)

Improved seismic imaging in Marlin field enabled detailed mapping of the internal structure of the main reservoir. Seismic facies mapping was used as a tool for definition of lateral and vertical compartmentalization of the Marlin main reservoir, and led to improved understanding of the reservoir architecture.
Performance Analysis of MB‐OFDM UWB Systems (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction MB-OFDM System Model UWB Channel Model Channel Capacity and Cutoff Rate Error Rate Approximations Results and Discussion Extensions for Performance Enhancement Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Incident Hemorrhage Risk of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Located in the Arterial Borderzones (2000)

Our findings suggest that borderzone location is an independent determinant for a lower risk of AVM hemorrhage at initial presentation.
Beam splitting at the reflection of elastic waves by a periodic surface profile (1983)

Theoretical and experimental results are presented which exhibit the splitting of a beam of elastic waves into two beams, on reflection at a traction-free surface of periodic profile. The beam splitting is more pronounced for a narrower incident beam and for frequencies close to a resonance frequency of the profile.
Activity-centric support for weakly-structured business processes (2010)

Knowledge-intensive tasks are a blind spot for business process management systems, as these tasks are executed in an unsupervised, highly individual manner. Hence, individual experience is not disseminated and task execution largely depends on implicit knowledge.
Replacing the Promoter of the Murine Gene Encoding P-selectin with the Human Promoter Confers Human-like Basal and Inducible Expression in Mice (2015)

In humans and mice, megakaryocytes/platelets and endothelial cells constitutively synthesize P-selectin and mobilize it to the plasma membrane to mediate leukocyte rolling during inflammation. TNF-α, interleukin 1β, and LPS markedly increase P-selectin mRNA in mice but decrease P-selectin mRNA in humans. Transgenic mice bearing the entire human SELP gene recapitulate basal and inducible expression of human P-selectin and reveal human-specific differences in P-selectin function. Differences in the human SELP and murine Selp promoters account for divergent expression in vitro, but their significance in vivo is not known. Here we generated knockin mice that replace the 1.4-kb proximal Selp promoter with the corresponding SELP sequence (Selp(KI)). Selp(KI) (/) (KI) mice constitutively expressed more P-selectin on platelets and more P-selectin mRNA in tissues but only slightly increased P-selectin mRNA after injection of TNF-α or LPS. Consistent with higher basal expression, leukocytes rolled more slowly on P-selectin in trauma-stimulated venules of Selp(KI) (/) (KI) mice. However, TNF-α did not further reduce P-selectin-dependent rolling velocities. Blunted up-regulation of P-selectin mRNA during contact hypersensitivity reduced P-selectin-dependent inflammation in Selp(KI) (/-) mice. Higher basal P-selectin in Selp(KI) (/) (KI) mice compensated for this defect. Therefore, divergent sequences in a short promoter mediate most of the functionally significant differences in expression of human and murine P-selectin in vivo.
In Situ ‐Toughened Silicon Carbide (1994)

A new processing strategy based on atmospheric pressure sintering is presented for obtaining dense SiC‐based materials with microstructures consisting of (i) uniformly distributed elongate‐shaped α‐SiC grains and (ii) relatively high amounts (20 vol%) of second‐phase yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). This strategy entails the sintering of β‐SiC powder doped with α‐SiC, Al 2 O 3 , and Y 2 O 3 . The Al 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 aid in the liquid‐phase sintering of SiC and form in situ YAG, which has a significant thermal expansion mismatch with SiC. During a subsequent grain‐growth heat treatment, it is postulated that the α‐SiC “seeds” assist in controlling in situ growth of the elongated α‐SiC grains. The fracture pattern in the in situ ‐toughened SiC is intergranular with evidence of copious crack‐wake bridging, akin to toughened Si 3 N 4 ceramics. The elongate nature of the α‐SiC grains, together with the high thermal‐residual stresses in the microstructure, enhance the observed crack‐wake bridging. This bridging accounts for a measured twofold increase in the indentation toughness of this new class of in situ ‐toughened SiC relative to a commercial SiC.
Resonance Raman Investigation of the Chromophore Structure of Heliorhodopsins (2018)

Heliorhodopsins (HeRs) are a new category of retinal-bound proteins recently discovered through functional metagenomics analysis that exhibit obvious differences from type-1 microbial rhodopsins. We conducted the first detailed structural characterization of the retinal chromophore in HeRs using resonance Raman spectroscopy. The observed spectra clearly show that the Schiff base of the chromophore is protonated and forms a strong hydrogen bond to a species other than a water molecule, highly likely a counterion residue. The vibrational mode of the Schiff base of HeRs exhibits similarities with that of photosensory microbial rhodopsins, that is consistent with the previous proposal that HeRs function as photosensors. We also revealed unusual spectral features of the in-plane chain vibrations of the chromophore, suggesting an unprecedented geometry of the Schiff base caused by a difference in the retinal pocket structure of HeRs. These data demonstrate structural characteristics of the photoreceptive site in this novel type of rhodopsin family.