gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Death from Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Europe, 2010 (2015)

We studied the possible association between patient age and sex, clinical presentation, Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype, antimicrobial resistance, and death in invasive pneumococcal disease cases reported by 17 European countries during 2010. The study sample comprised 2,921 patients, of whom 56.8% were men and 38.2% were >65 years of age. Meningitis occurred in 18.5% of cases. Death was reported in 264 (9.0%) cases. Older age, meningitis, and nonsusceptibility to penicillin were significantly associated with death. Non-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) serotypes among children <5 years of age and 7-valent PCV serotypes among persons 5-64 years of age were associated with increased risk for death; among adults >65 years of age, risk did not differ by serotype. These findings highlight differences in case-fatality rates between serotypes and age; thus, continued epidemiologic surveillance across all ages is crucial to monitor the long-term effects of PCVs.
Ternary Complexes Comprising Cucurbit[10]uril, Porphyrins, and Guests (2008)

As easy as pi: The spacious 870-Å3 cavity of CB[10] is able to accommodate free base and metalated tetra(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrins inside. The complexes blend the advantageous recognition and photophysical properties of these two classes of macrocycles and promote the formation ternary complexes (see picture) in water through π–π stacking interactions. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z705346_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Preparation of 20-μm-i.d. Silica-Based Monolithic Columns and Their Performance for Proteomics Analyses (2005)

We describe the preparation and performance of high-efficiency 70 cm x 20 microm i.d. silica-based monolithic capillary LC columns. The monolithic columns at a mobile-phase pressure of 5000 psi provide flow rates of approximately 40 nL/min at a linear velocity of approximately 0.24 cm/s. The columns provide a separation peak capacity of approximately 420 in conjunction with both on-line coupling with microsolid-phase extraction and nanoelectrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Performance was evaluated using a Shewanella oneidensis tryptic digest, and approximately 15-amol detection limits for peptides were obtained using a conventional ion trap and MS/MS for peptide identification. The sensitivity and separation efficiency enabled the identification of 2367 different peptides covering 855 distinct S. oneidensis proteins from a 2.5-microg tryptic digest sample in a single 10-h analysis. The number of identified peptides and proteins approximately doubled when the effective separation time was extended from 200 to 600 min. The number of identified peptides increased from 32 to 390 as the injection amount was increased from 0.5 to 100 ng. Both the run-to-run and column-to-column reproducibility for proteomic analyses were also evaluated.
Image Defect Detection Methods for Visual Inspection Systems (2007)

Two texture defect detection methods for automatic visual inspection systems will be presented in this paper. They divide up an analysed texture image into non-overlapping samples, and then calculate features of each sample using statistical analysis. Finally, the clustering of those features is applied to recognize the sample as defective or non-defective. Unlike the well-known methods, the proposed schemes do not require a previous training step to collect defective and non- defective texture samples. The experimental results show that these methods are effective and more accurate than earlier methods for image texture defect detection.
An Adaptive Hierarchical Compositional Model for Phrase Embedding (2018)

Phrase embedding aims at representing phrases in a vector space and it is important for the performance of many NLP tasks. Existing models only regard a phrase as either full-compositional or non-compositional, while ignoring the hybrid-compositionality that widely exists, especially in long phrases. This drawback prevents them from having a deeper insight into the semantic structure for long phrases and as a consequence, weakens the accuracy of the embeddings. In this paper, we present a novel method for jointly learning compositionality and phrase embedding by adaptively weighting different compositions using an implicit hierarchical structure. Our model has the ability of adaptively adjusting among different compositions without entailing too much model complexity and time cost. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first effort that considers hybrid-compositionality in phrase embedding. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that our model outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both similarity tasks and analogy tasks.
Forward the Implementation of Chemical Industry Development Task in 2012 (2012)

To analyze the specific tasks of petroleum and chemical industry in 2012.To give the directory of excess capacity and outdated technologies that should be eliminated in different sectors of petroleum and chemical industry,together with the working process.The product catalog that should be focus on is also listed.To expound the goal and measures of energy saving and emission control in chemical industry in 2012.To discuss the main problems in chemical safety in production and chemical safety management tasks during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period.
Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update covering the period 1999–2000 (2006)

This review describes the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and continues coverage of the field from the previous review published in 1999 (D. J. Harvey, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of carbohydrates, 1999, Mass Spectrom Rev, 18:349-451) for the period 1999-2000. As MALDI mass spectrometry is acquiring the status of a mature technique in this field, there has been a greater emphasis on applications rather than to method development as opposed to the previous review. The present review covers applications to plant-derived carbohydrates, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, mucins, glycosaminoglycans, bacterial glycolipids, glycosphingolipids, glycoglycerolipids and related compounds, and glycosides. Applications of MALDI mass spectrometry to the study of enzymes acting on carbohydrates (glycosyltransferases and glycosidases) and to the synthesis of carbohydrates, are also covered.
<title>Ultrahigh resolution interferometry</title> (1996)

Interferometry is widely used for precision measurement of optical pathlengths and pathlength changes. Because optical pathlength can then be related to other parameters like refractive index, density, temperature, position, angle, and constituency, interferometry forms the basis of many types of sensors. In recent years such procedures have evolved to extremes, where extremely high precision measurements are required. Measurement have been reported with better than 1/10,000 wavelength resolutions, i.e. better than one angstrom. This allows the real time observation of the evolution of events that were not possible before, essentially on a molecular level. New applications include: the observation of the growth of a crystal with near single atomic layer sensitivity, the observation of minute changes in concentration and temperature of a solution, sub- microscopic changes in bubbles and particles in a solution, surface mapping to nearly atomic precision, observation of trace levels of gases, and others. New procedures that have been developed and the problems that must be overcome to push the precision of interferometric measurement to its limits will be reviewed and some recent applications of these methods will be described. These include phase shifting, heterodyne, resonance, and phase conjugate interferometry.
New challenges in assuring vaccine quality. (2000)

In the past, quality control of vaccines depended on use of a variety of testing methods to ensure that the products were safe and potent. These methods were developed for vaccines whose safety and efficacy were based on several years worth of data. However, as vaccine production technologies have developed, so have the testing technologies. Tests are now able to detect potential hazards with a sensitivity not possible a few years ago, and an increasing array of physicochemical methods allows a much better characterization of the product. In addition to sophisticated tests, vaccine regulation entails a number of other procedures to ensure safety. These include characterization of starting materials by supplier audits, cell banking, seed lot systems, compliance with the principles of good manufacturing practices, independent release of vaccines on a lot-by-lot basis by national regulatory authorities, and enhanced pre- and post-marketing surveillance for possible adverse events following immunization. These procedures help assure vaccine efficacy and safety, and some examples are given in this article. However, some contaminants of vaccines that can be detected by newer assays raise theoretical safety concerns but their presence may be less hazardous than not giving the vaccines. Thus risk-benefit decisions must be well informed and based on scientific evidence.
Participation of IL-4 in the formation of IgD-binding factors by antigen-primed mouse spleen cells. (1988)

BALB/c mouse spleen cells primed with either keyhole limpet hemocyanin or DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin formed not only IgG-binding factors (BF) and IgE-BF but also IgD-BF upon antigenic stimulation. Analysis of cellular mechanisms involved in the formation of Ig-BF by antigenic stimulation revealed that Ag-primed Th cells released lymphokines upon antigenic stimulation, and that the lymphokine(s) in turn stimulates unprimed T cells to form Ig-BF. Normal unprimed lymphocytes formed IgD-BF upon incubation with culture supernatants of Ag-stimulated spleen cells. The formation of IgD-BF induced by the culture supernatant was prevented by anti-IL-4 mAb (11B11). It was also found that 0.3 to 10 U/ml mouse rIL-4, but none of the rIL-1, IL-2, and IFN-gamma, induced normal T cells to form IgD-BF. Indeed, both IL-2 and IFN-gamma inhibited IL-4 to induce the formation of IgD-BF. In contrast, 10 to 50 U/ml of IFN-gamma induced the formation of IgE-BF, and 50 to 200 U/ml IFN-gamma induced the formation of IgG-BF. However, none of the other lymphokines tested, i.e., IL-1, IL-2, and IL-4, induced the formation of either IgE-BF or IgG-BF. The IgD-BF formed by antigenic stimulation of keyhole limpet hemocyanin-primed spleen cells and those formed by stimulation of normal lymphocytes with 1 to 2 U/ml IL-4 enhanced both IgM and IgG1 plaque-forming cell responses of SRBC-primed spleen cells to homologous Ag. In contrast, 1 to 2 U/ml of IL-4, which could induce the formation of IgD-BF, failed to affect the PFC responses. It appears that the formation of IgD-BF may be involved in the effects of IL-4 to enhance the antibody response.
Truthful Aggregation of Budget Proposals (2019)

We study a participatory budgeting setting in which a single divisible resource (such as money or time) must be divided among a set of projects. For example, participatory budgeting could be used to decide how to divide a city's tax surplus between its departments of health, education, infrastructure, and parks. A voter might propose a division of the tax surplus among the four departments into the fractions (30%, 40%, 20%, 10%). The city could invite each citizen to submit such a budget proposal, and they could then be aggregated by a suitable mechanism. In this paper, we seek mechanisms of this form that are resistant to manipulation by the voters. In particular, we require that no voter can, by lying, move the aggregate division toward her preference on one alternative without moving it away from her preference by at least as much on other alternatives.
Differential susceptibility of human lymphocyte cultures to infection by HIV. (1987)

We have assessed the ability of HIV to infect cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes derived from different healthy donors, varying in age between 20 and 76. The results indicate that cells from all of these people can be infected, although the percentage of infected cells varied from case to case. A similar variation was observed when attempts were made to infect cells from the same donor on more than one occasion. In most cases, infection by HIV led to persistence of an activated cell state, as indicated by the presence of Tac Ag or IL-2 receptor, at the cell surface. Co-incubation of HIV-infected lymphocytes with uninfected cells did not affect the ability of the latter either to respond to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or to express Tac Ag.
Whole-heart contrast-enhanced coronary magnetic resonance angiography in less than 5 minutes using gradient echo interleaved EPI (2009)

Introduction: Prophylactic implantation of a cardioverter/ defibrillator (ICD) has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with chronic myocardial infarction (CMI) and an increased risk for life threatening ventricular arrhythmia (VA). The use of ICDs in this large patient population is still limited by high costs and possible adverse events including inappropriate discharges and progression of heart failure. VA is related to infarct size and seems to be related to infarct morphology. Contrast enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (ceCMR) can detect and quantify myocardial fibrosis in the setting of CMI and might therefore be a valuable tool for a more accurate risk stratification in this setting. Hypothesis: ceCMR can identify the subgroup developing VA in patients with prophylactic ICD implantation following MADIT criteria. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 52 patients (49 males, age 69 10 years) with CMI and clinical indication for ICD therapy following MADIT criteria. Prior to implantation (36 78 days) patients were investigated on a 1.5 T clinical scanner (Siemens Avanto , Germany) to assess left ventricular function (LVEF), LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and LV mass (sequence parameters: GRE SSFP, matrix 256 192, short axis stack; full LV coverage, no gap; slice thickness 6 mm). For quantitative assessment of infarct morphology late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was performed including measurement of total and relative infarct mass (related to LV mass) and the degree of transmurality (DT) as defined by the percentage of transmurality in each scar. (sequence parameters: inversion recovery gradient echo; matrix 256 148, imaging 10 min after 0.2 g/kg gadolinium DTPA; slice orientation equal to SSFP). MRI images were analysed using dedicated software (MASS , Medis, Netherlands). LGE was defined as myocardial areas with signal intensity above the average plus 5 SD of the remote myocardium. After implantation, patients were followed up including ICD readout after 3 and than every 6 months for a mean of 945 344 days. ICD data were evaluated by an experienced electrophysiologist. Primary endpoint was the occurrence of an appropriate discharge (DC), antitachycard pacing (ATP) or death from cardiac cause. Results: The endpoint occurred in 10 patients (3 DC, 6 ATP, 1 death). These patients had a higher relative infarct mass (28 7% vs. 22 11%, p = 0.03) as well as high degree of transmurality (64 22% vs. 44 25%, p = 0.05). Their LVEF (29 8% vs. 30 4%, p = 0.75), LV mass (148 29 g vs. 154 42 g, p = 0.60), LVEDV (270 133 ml vs. 275 83 ml, p = 0.90) or total infarct mass (43 19 g vs. 37 21 g, p = 0.43) were however not significant from the group with no events. In a cox proportional hazards regression model including LVEF, LVEDV, LV mass, DT and age, only degree of transmurality and relative infarct mass emerged as independent predictors of the primary end point (p = 0.009).
Synthesis of Potential Anticancer Agents. V. Azetidines1,2 (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Potential Anticancer Agents. V. Azetidines1,2WYMAN R. VAUGHAN, ROBERT S. KLONOWSKI, R. STANLEY McELHINNEY, and BRIAN B. MILLWARDCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 1, 138–144Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01060a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01060a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views531Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[About the Baume du commandeur]. (2002)

The Baume du commandeur appears in Franch in 1694 in the Histoire générale des drogues [...] written by Pomet. It's a vulnerary drug with also numerous internal uses. Still present in formularies and sometimes used, its invention is attributed to Gaspard de Pernes, commander of Malta Order in Toul, in France. However, some observations induce us to think that the origin of this drug would be in eastern countries: first one of its other names, baume persique, secondly the name of a comparable other formula baume des Turcs, then the geographical origin of the majority of plants and drugs constituting the initially published formula, finally the appurtenance of G. de Pernes to Malta Order. Unfortunately, the transmissions, modifications and improvements of the formula since its beginning make today very difficult to discover the localization and dating of the creation of this famous drug.
Dynamic changes of the corneal regularity in keratoconus with penetrationg keratoplasty (2007)

目的 分析圆锥角膜(KC)手术前后角膜规则程度的变化,以及角膜缝线拆除对角膜规则程度的影响,对激光穿透性角膜移植手术(PK)在KC治疗中的作用进行评价.方法 回顾分析了236例圆锥角膜使用激光环钻技术进行的穿透性角膜移植手术手术,使用角膜曲率计(Ophthalmometer,Type-H,190071 Zeiss,Jena,Germany)对手术前后的角膜规则程度进行检测,并结合所测出的角膜曲率(K)值和角膜映光图像分成4组:(0)规则组,K＜50D;(1)轻度不规则组,K＜60;(2)中度不规则组,K≥60;(3)重度不规则组,K值不能读出,共4组.手术后第12、18个月依次拆除连续缝线,并同时随访记录各组别角膜规则程度,动态分析以上三个时间点角膜规则程度的变化特点.结果 在三个时间点,规则组比例的递增趋势为4%-37%-61%;轻度不规则组的变化趋势为12%-51%-33%;中度不规则组的递减趋势为38%-10%-4%;重度不规则组的变化趋势为46%-2%-2%.结论 使用激光环钻和16针双线连续缝合的圆锥角膜手术病例中,穿透性角膜移植手术能有效改善病人的角膜表面规则程度,与缝线拆除相关的角膜规则程度呈动态变化,该变化主要发生在轻、中度组,缝线拆除本身并不会导致术后角膜规则程度下降。
Silica nanoparticle-generated ROS as a predictor of cellular toxicity: mechanistic insights and safety by design (2015)

Evaluating toxicological responses of engineered nanomaterials such as silica nanoparticles is critical in assessing health risks and exposure limits. Biological assays can be used to evaluate cytotoxicity of individual materials, but specific nano-bio interactions-which govern its physiological response-cannot currently be predicted from materials characterization and physicochemical properties. Understanding the role of free radical generation from nanomaterial surfaces facilitates understanding of a potential toxicity mechanism and provides insight into how toxic effects can be assessed. Size-matched mesoporous and nonporous silica nanoparticles in aminopropyl-functionalized and native forms were investigated to analyze the effects of porosity and surface functionalization on the observed cytotoxicity. <i>In vitro</i> cell viability data in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) provides a model for what might be observed in terms of cellular toxicity upon an environmental or industrial exposure to silica nanoparticles. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was implemented to study free radical species generated from the surface of these nanomaterials and the signal intensity was correlated with cellular toxicity. In addition, <i>in vitro</i> assay of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) matched well with both the EPR and cell viability data. Overall, spectroscopic and <i>in vitro</i> studies correlate well and implicate production of ROS from a surface-catalyzed reaction as a predictor of cellular toxicity. The data demonstrate that mesoporous materials are intrinsically less toxic than nonporous materials, and that surface functionalization can mitigate toxicity in nonporous materials by reducing free radical production. The broader implications are in terms of safety by design of nanomaterials, which can only be extracted by mechanistic studies such as the ones reported here.
Metasurfaces for advanced light management and thermal emission (Conference Presentation) (2017)

In this talk, we will discuss our recent work in the area of wave manipulation with high-contrast metasurfaces, with special interest in manipulating optical wavefronts and thermal emission. In addition to our recent theoretical and experimental work in the area of gradient metasurfaces to manipulate the impinging light, we will discuss how similar concepts may be extended to thermal sources, to manipulate their emission features. Incandescent sources made of electrically-heated films suffer from low efficiencies and offer poor control over the directionality and spatial localization, as well as the spectral and polarization properties of the emitted light. We have recently demonstrated that, by nanostructuring a SiC surface, we can concentrate the thermal emission of a preselected spectral range into a well-defined location above the surface. Concentrating the thermal radiation can have direct impact on the design and operation of the future generation of thermo-photovoltaic cells in addition to providing the ability for local heat generation and moreover mitigate challenges associated with thermal management in low thermal budget devices. Our recent theoretical work suggests that gradient metasurface concepts may be suitably extended to tailor thermal emission control with a new degree of control.
Martensitic Transformation of TiAu Shape Memory Alloys (2007)

Martensitic transformation temperatures were measured and transformation strains were evaluated in a promising high temperature shape memory alloy TiAu with a compositional range from 46 to 53mol%Au. It was found by differential scanning calorimetry that martensitic transformation start temperature (Ms) is kept almost constant value of 880K in the Au-rich side of the stoichiometric composition. On the other hand, Ms decreases monotonically with decreasing Au content in the Au-poor side. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that apparent phase of all the alloys at room temperature is B19 martensite phase. Under an assumption that the atomic volume is constant during martensitic transformation, the lattice parameters of B2 parent phase and maximum transformation strain were calculated. It was found that the maximum transformation strain depends on chemical composition and that it reaches 10.75% for Ti-53mol%Au alloy. The value is comparable to that of Ti-Ni.