gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A cell-laden hybrid fiber/hydrogel composite for ligament regeneration with improved cell delivery and infiltration (2017)

Ligament, a fibrous connective tissue between bones, is a unique tissue in human anatomy because it has complex viscoelastic properties and is very tough. Moreover, it is an important tissue for regeneration because frequent injuries occur, but there are limited types of substitutes that can be used as a tissue replacement. In this study, we present a stem cell-laden fiber/hydrogel composite structure with a layered fibrous structure, which can enhance cell infiltration, topographical cue and mechanical properties. It can promote cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation of the ligament phenotype with the help of a growth factor. The mechanical properties of the developed structure were experimentally identified using tensile tests, while cell viability and various functionalities were verified through culture tests using mesenchymal stem cells.
Carboxypeptidase M in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Evidence that carboxypeptidase M has a phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor. (1990)

Carboxypeptidase M, a plasma membrane-bound enzyme, is present in many human organs and differs from other carboxypeptidase that cleave basic COOH-terminal amino acids. Cultured Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) distal tubular cells contain a kininase I-type enzyme that inactivates bradykinin by releasing Arg9. We found the properties of this kininase to be identical with carboxypeptidase M. In fractionated cells, carboxypeptidase activity sediments with membranes; and detergents, trypsin, and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C solubilize it, similar to results with human placental carboxypeptidase M. Ten microM 2-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethylthiopropanoic acid and 1 mM o-phenanthroline inhibit, whereas 1.0 mM CoCl2 activates the enzyme. It has a neutral pH optimum and cleaves COOH-terminal Arg or Lys in bradykinin and in shorter peptides. The relative hydrolysis rates of peptides in the presence or absence of 1 mM CoCl2 were similar to those obtained with human carboxypeptidase M. The carboxypeptidase in MDCK cells (54 kDa) cross-reacts with antibodies to human carboxypeptidase M in Western blotting, but not with antibodies to plasma carboxypeptidase N. The enzyme is a glycoprotein; chemical deglycosylation reduced the size to 48 kDa. The presence of the enzyme on the cell membrane of MDCK cells was also shown with transmission electron microscopy using immunogold, which indicated that the enzyme is on the apical side. In addition, MDCK cells contain neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (enkephalinase) and prolylcarboxypeptidase (angiotensinase C) activities. Partitioning of solubilized carboxypeptidase M into Triton X-114 and water indicates that trypsin and phospholipase C remove a hydrophobic tail, while detergent solubilization leaves the hydrophobic moiety intact. Labeling of MDCK cells with [3H]ethanolamine resulted in the synthesis of radiolabeled carboxypeptidase M as determined by immunoprecipitation and fluorography. Thus, MDCK cells contain membrane-bound carboxypeptidase M, which is anchored to the plasma membrane via phosphatidylinositol-glycan. As a major kininase of the distal tubules, it may regulate salt and water excretion.
Commercialization of Microbial Biotechnology in Horticulture: Summary Outlook of Achievements, Constraints and Prospects (2008)

Commercialization of microbial biotechnology in horticulture requires development of innovative and creative strategies to better control conditions in the horticultural environment, in a manner which supports plant-host interactions (Ward and Ray, 2006). In addition, biological and molecular approaches may be exploited to adjust or sustain the desired biochemical or physiological characteristics of microbial strain(s) or plant host(s), which promote beneficial microbeplant interactions. Likewise, some of the microbial technology developed for processing horticultural produce frequently leads to disappointing failures at the commercial application stage. Application of microbial biotechnology in horticultural processing should be viewed as implementation of bioprocesses underpinned by good process operating principles with their associated process controls and performance requirements. In this chapter, an outlook of the achievements, constraints and prospects of commercializing microbial biotechnology in horticulture is reviewed.
Nanoindentation models and Young's modulus of monolayer graphene: A molecular dynamics study (2013)

We studied the nanoindentation of monolayer graphene by molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that the response of graphene to indentation is deflection dependent. In small deflection range, the response obeys point load model, while large-deflection indentation follows the sphere load model. Hence, we proposed to make sectional fittings and use different response models in different deflection ranges. In this way, a consistent Young's modulus is obtained that is almost independent of the size ratio of intender to graphene and the pretensions of graphene. The calculated Young's modulus is about 1.00 TPa, in good agreement with the experiments.
One-Shot Learning with a Hierarchical Nonparametric Bayesian Model (2011)

We develop a hierarchical Bayesian model that learns categories from single training examples. The model transfers acquired knowledge from previously learned categories to a novel
Calysolins V–IX, Resin Glycosides from <i>Calystegia soldanella</i> and Their Antiviral Activity toward Herpes (2013)

Five new resin glycosides having macrolactone structures (jalapins), named calysolins V-IX (1-5), were isolated from the leaves, stems, and roots of Calystegia soldanella ROEM. et SCHULT. (Convolvulaceae). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data as well as chemical evidence. The isolated compounds could be classified into two macrolactone types-one having a 22-membered ring (1-4) and the other with a 27-membered ring (5). The sugar moieties of 1-5 were found to exist in partially acylated forms comprising 2S-methylbutyric acid and tiglic acid. Compounds 4 and 5 are the first representatives of the calysolic acid C as the component glycosidic acid. Additionally, the antiviral activity of 1-5, together with calysolins I-IV and soldanelline B, which are previously isolated jalapins from this plant, toward herpes simplex virus type 1 was evaluated. All the compounds showed antiviral activity.
Bladder cancer in a young patient: Undiscovered risk factors (2016)

Bladder cancer is one of the most common forms of malignancies involving the urinary system and multiple risk factors have been associated with its etiology. The most common of which include cigarette smoking and various occupational or chemical exposures. It is usually diagnosed in older individuals with an average age of 70. In rare cases it is observed in children as well as young adults where it usually presents as a low-grade, non-invasive disease. In the present case report a 27-year-old male patient is discussed: The patient presented with no significant risk factors and was treated for mucinous adenocarcinoma of the bladder while further investigations were performed to identify other associated factors related to this form of malignancy. Debate in the literature exists in regards to the characteristics of bladder neoplasms in younger patients compared with older patients, however there is a lack of research into the etiology or prognosis in young patients. The present case study illustrates the case of a young adult with no clear risk factors who was diagnosed with a rare case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the bladder.
The role of LacCer inhibitor in modulation of established Pneumocystis pneumonia (91.1) (2007)

Abstract Pneumocystis pneumonia is caused, at least partly, by inflammatory action of β-glucan, the major component of Pneumocystis cell wall. Glucan induces release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in alveolar macrophages and lung epithelial cells. While macrophages recognize glucan mainly by dectin receptors, epithelial cells utilize membrane glycosphingolipid (GSL) lactosyl ceramide (LacCer) as glucan-binding molecule. The use of GSL inhibitors in vitro causes reduced NF-κB activation and inhibited IL-8 release in epithelial cells. To assess the impact of LacCer in lung inflammation, we treated Pneumocystis-infected mice with GSL inhibitor PDMP. The animals were immunosuppressed by GK 1.5 antibody, infected with Pneumocystis by intratracheal injection and, starting at 8 weeks post infection, treated with either 150 mg PDMP/kg of body weight - dissolved in saline, or equal volume of saline alone (daily i.p. injections for 10 days). The analysis of sacrificed animals showed that PDMP-treated mice had fewer leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) than saline-treated controls with the most marked difference in the number of neutrophils. Interestingly, BALF concentrations of MIP-2 and TNF-α (determined by ELISA) did not differ between these two groups. The analysis of Pneumocystis burden in the lung, as determined by Q-PCR, showed a trend of decreased Pneumocystis-specific DNA copies in PDMP-treated animals. These results suggest that PDMP might have an impact on inflammatory response to Pneumocystis. Other GSL inhibitors are yet to be tested in similar in vivo experiments. This might lead to new options in treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Supported by NIH RO1 HL62150 and Mayo
DECOMPOSITION OF A 3D TRIANGULAR MESH INTO QUADRANGULATED PATCHES (2010)

In this paper we present a method to decompose a 3D triangular mesh into a set of quadrangulated patches. This method consists in merging triangles to obtain quads. The quads are then grouped together to compose quadrangulated areas and patches. Unlike many methods of remeshing, this method does not move the vertices of the original triangular mesh. Quadrangulated patches extracted can then be used as a support of a parametric function or of a subdivision scheme.
A ribosome binding site sequence is necessary for efficient expression of the distal gene of a translationally-coupled gene pair (1984)

Expression of trpB and trpA of the Escherichia coli tryptophan operon is shown to be "translationally coupled", i.e., efficient translation of the trpA coding region is dependent on prior translation of the trpB coding region and termination of translation at the trpB stop codon. To examine the dependence of trpA expression on the ribosome binding site sequence in the distal segment of trpB, deletions were produced that replaced this trpB sequence. Analysis of trpA expression in these deletion mutants established that the ribosome binding site sequence is required for efficient translation of the trpA segment of trp mRNA. A modest effect of translation over the trpA ribosome binding site on independent initiation at that site was also observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational and Supramolecular Properties of Main Chain and Cyclic Click Oligotriazoles and Polytriazoles (2010)

Abstract Review: 78 refs.
Stability and convergence analysis of an adaptive GPC based on state space modeling (2002)

A generalized predictive controller (GPC) is derived based on a general state-space model. The link between the predictive control problem and the perturbation problem is highlighted. In the case of small perturbation, the closed-loop poles are calculated with high accuracy. For the case of a general perturbation, an upper bound on the permissible perturbation norm is derived assuming an open-loop stable system. Both the plant-model match and plant-model mismatch cases are analyzed. The controller is so robust that an adaptive implementation is motivated. For open-loop stable systems,the convergence and stability of the control scheme are insured by proper tuning of the control weight and prediction horizon. The results are applicable to a wide range of predictive controllers.
New Spontaneous Fission Mode for252Cf: Indication of Hyperdeformed144,145,146Baat Scission (1996)

From $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray coincidence studies following spontaneous fission of ${}^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$, direct measurements of yields and neutron multiplicities were made for Sr-Nd, Zr-Ce, Mo-Ba, Ru-Xe, and Pd-Te correlated pairs. A strong enhancement of the 7-10 neutron channels for Mo-Ba pairs is observed. A new fission mode associated with the enhanced neutron yields is identified. These data can be interpreted in terms of one or more of ${}^{144,145,146}\mathrm{Ba}$ being hyperdeformed at scission. Mean field calculations predict a hyperdeformed third minimum in ${}^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$ and an extremely deformed ${}^{146}\mathrm{Ba}$ fragment at scission.
Planetary waves modulated by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) (1990)

International audience
Atomic-Scale Processes of Grain-Boundary Faceting in a Zirconia Bicrystal (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A Chiral Chelating Diene as a New Type of Chiral Ligand for Transition Metal Catalysts: Its Preparation and Use for the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) promotes IL-2 mRNA expression through the up-regulation of NF-kappaB, AP-1 and NF-AT in EL4 cells. (1998)

Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) has been previously shown to modulate interleukin 2 (IL-2) secretion by activated T-cells. In the present studies, we determined that TGF-beta1 induced IL-2 mRNA expression in the murine T-cell line EL4, in the absence of other stimuli. IL-2 mRNA expression was significantly induced by TGF-beta1 (0.1-1 ng/ml) over a relatively narrow concentration range, which led to the induction of IL-2 secretion. Under identical condition, we examined the effect of TGF-beta1 on the activity of nuclear factor AT (NF-AT), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and octamer, all of which contribute to the regulation of IL-2 gene expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that TGF-beta1 markedly increased NF-AT, NF-kappaB and AP-1 binding to their respective cognate DNA binding sites, whereas octamer binding remained constant, as compared with untreated cells. Employing a reporter gene expression system with p(NF-kappaB)3-CAT, p(NF-AT)3-CAT and p(AP-1)3-CAT, TGF-beta1 treatment of transfected EL4 cells induced a dose-related increase in chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity that correlated well with the DNA binding profile found in the electrophoretic mobility shift assay studies. These results show that TGF-beta1, in the absence of any additional stimuli, up-regulates the activity of key transcription factors involved in IL-2 gene expression, including NF-AT, NF-kappaB and AP-1, to help promote IL-2 mRNA expression by EL4 cells.
Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung (2006)

Accurate differentiation of LCNEC from other types of NSCLC is important because it identifies those patients at highest risk for developing recurrent disease. Efforts to identify effective adjuvant therapies are needed to improve treatment outcomes with this aggressive type of lung cancer.
Artificial neural networks using MOS analog multipliers (1990)

A neural network implementation that uses MOSFET analog multipliers to construct weighted sums is described. The scheme permits asynchronous analog operation of Hopfield-style networks with fully programmable digital weights. This approach avoids the use of components that waste chip area of require special processing. Two small chips have been fabricated and tested-one implementing a fully connected (recursive) network and the other containing isolated portions of a neuron. The fully connected network chip successfully solves simple graph partitioning problems, in confirmation of network simulations performed using an analytic model of the analog neuron. This result verifies the operation of the complete network, including common-mode biasing circuits and connection weight data paths. A direct scaling of this chip would allow the complete integration of 81-neuron fully connected networks with 6-b plus sign connection weights using 1.25- mu m design rules on a 1-cm die.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chemical modification of tannin/furanic rigid foams by isocyanates and polyurethanes (2012)

Tannin/furanic rigid foams were modifi ed by either polymeric 4,4’ diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) or a one-component polyurethane still presenting reactive isocyanate groups (PUR). Several diff erent sequences of mixing the isocyanate and polyurethane with the chemicals used to prepare tannin-based foams were tested. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that addition of either pMDI or PUR yielded a more ordered microstructure of the foam and a larger cell size. Series of two diff erent cell sizes were noticed: those obtained by the evaporation of the blowing agent used for classical tannin-based foams and those caused by the formation of CO2 issued by the reaction of the isocyanate groups with water. Th e cell size, density, thermal conductivity and mechanical property of tannin/furanic foams were controlled by changing the amount of blowing agent and weight fraction of pMDI. Th e cell size of pMDI modifi ed foams was largest when the weight fraction of pMDI was 5% and kept decreasing as the pMDI percentage became higher. Th e density of the foams increased with the increase of the weight fraction of pMDI. Th e addition of pMDI increased slightly the thermal conductivity of tannin/furanic foam with the foams still presenting good thermal insulation. Moreover, the addition of pMDI in tannin/furanic foams improved markedly the foam’s mechanical properties.
The BB Rat as a Model of Human Type 1 Diabetes (2012)

The BB rat is an important rodent model of human type 1 diabetes (T1D) and has been used to study mechanisms of diabetes pathogenesis as well as to investigate potential intervention therapies for clinical trials. The Diabetes-Prone BB (BBDP) rat spontaneously develops autoimmune T1D between 50 and 90 days of age. The Diabetes-Resistant BB (BBDR) rat has similar diabetes-susceptible genes as the BBDP, but does not become diabetic in viral antibody-free conditions. However, the BBDR rat can be induced to develop T1D in response to certain treatments such as regulatory T cell (T(reg)) depletion, toll-like receptor ligation, or virus infection. These diabetes-inducible rats develop hyperglycemia under well-controlled circumstances and within a short, predictable time frame (14-21 days), thus facilitating their utility for investigations of specific stages of diabetes development. Therefore, these rat strains are invaluable models for studying autoimmune diabetes and the role of environmental factors in its development, of particular importance due to the influx of studies associating virus infection and human T1D.
‘Query‐by Committee’— An Efficient Method to Select Information‐Rich Data for the Development of Peptide—HLA‐Binding Predictors (2004)

Rationale: We have previously demonstrated that bioinformatics tools such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) are capable of performing pathogen‐, genome‐ and HLA‐wide predictions of peptide–HLA interactions. These tools may therefore enable a fast and rational approach to epitope identification and thereby assist in the development of vaccines and immunotherapy. A crucial step in the generation of such bioinformatics tools is the selection of data representing the event in question (in casu peptide–HLA interaction). This is particularly important when it is difficult and expensive to obtain data. Herein, we demonstrate the importance in selecting information‐rich data and we develop a computational method, query‐by‐committee, which can perform a global identification of such information‐rich data in an unbiased and automated manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate how this method can be applied to an efficient iterative development strategy for these bioinformatics tools. Methods: A large panel of binding affinities of peptides binding to HLA A*0204 was measured by a radioimmunoassay (RIA). This data was used to develop multiple first generation ANNs, which formed a virtual committee. This committee was used to screen (or ‘queried’) for peptides, where the ANNs agreed (‘low‐QBC’), or disagreed (‘high‐QBC’), on their HLA‐binding potential. Seventeen low‐QBC peptides and 17 high‐QBC peptides were synthesized and tested. The high‐ or low‐QBC data were added to the original data, and new high‐ or low‐QBC second generation ANNs were developed, respectively. This procedure was repeated 40 times. Results: The high‐QBC‐enriched ANN performed significantly better than the low‐QBC‐enriched ANN in 37 of the 40 tests. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that high‐QBC‐enriched networks perform better than low‐QBC‐enriched networks in selecting informative data for developing peptide–MHC‐binding predictors. This improvement in selecting data is not due to differences in network training performance but due to the difference in information content in the high‐QBC experiment and in the low‐QBC experiment. Finally, it should be noted that this strategy could be used in many contexts where generation of data is difficult and costly.
Regulatory T Cells and Other Tolerogenic Mechanisms in Allergy and Asthma (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Prevention of the development of allergic responses Regulatory T cells (Fig. 4.1) Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy and the involvement of Treg cells Conclusions Acknowledgments References
The University of Melbourne--nucleus multi-electrode cochlear implant. (1987)

To summarize, our preliminary results indicate that some prelingually deaf patients may get worthwhile help from a multiple-electrode cochlear implant which extracts formants. They can understand words and running speech better when using the cochlear implant with lip-reading compared to lip-reading alone. It has been encouraging that these improvements can occur in young adults and teenagers. It has also been encouraging that some can recognize place pitch as well as rate pitch. There are, however, considerable variations in performance and this may be due to the following factors: whether they have had some hearing after birth, the method of education used, the motivation of the patient and age at implantation. In conclusion it is important to emphasize that deaf children are severely disadvantaged however good their teacher of the deaf. Research on cochlear implants offers hope for profoundly-totally deaf children. These developments will not replace the caring, competent educators but complement their skills. There is also a greater need than ever for an interdisciplinary approach to these children.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 5''-Iodoneplanocin A and Its Aanlogues (2008)

5''-Iodoneplanocin A was enantiopurely synthesized as potential antiviral and antitumor agents starting from D-ribose using an addition-iodination-elimination reaction, a RCM reaction and an oxidative rearrangement.