gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Display and Visualization Concepts for Image Guided Surgery (2008)

Thanks to its rapid development in the last decades, image guided surgery (IGS) has been introduced successfully in many modern operating rooms. Current IGS systems provide their navigation information on a standard computer monitor. Alternatively, one could enhance the direct sight of the physician by an overlay of the virtual data onto the real patient view. Such <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">situ</i> visualization methods have been proposed in the literature for providing a more intuitive visualization, improving the ergonomics as well as the hand-eye coordination. In this paper, we first discuss the fundamental issues and the recent endeavors in advanced display and visualization for IGS. We then present some of our recent work comparing two navigation systems: 1) a classical monitor based navigation and 2) a new navigation system we had developed based on <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">situ</i> visualization. As both solutions reveal shortcomings as well as complementary advantages, we introduce a new solution that combines both concepts into one hybrid user interface. Finally, experimental results report on the performance of several surgeons using an external monitor as well as a stereo video see-through head-mounted display (HMD). The experiments consist of drilling into a phantom in order to reach planted deep-seated targets only visible in computed tomography (CT) data. We evaluate several visualization techniques, including the new hybrid solution, and study their influence on the performance of the participant surgeons.
An optimization procedure for designing layered stamping tools assembled by screws (2006)

International audience
A Role-Based Framework for Distributed Systems Management (1998)

Distributed systems management faces new challenges due to an exponential increase in the size of networked environments. New paradigms that devolve management control and responsibility to multiple actors in the system (users or automated agents) have therefore emerged. Management Policies are a normative specification of the obligations and authorisations of management actors towards their target managed objects. They can be dynamically changed over time according to the evolution of the managed system or according to changes in management strategy. However, policies are insufficient for the structuring of devolved control in terms of the roles of managers in the enterprise context. This thesis attempts to address this issue by using the concepts developed in role theory where managers are assigned and removed from organisational roles, which define their rights and duties. We build upon a distributed management framework and policy notation and define roles as sets of policies, whi...
Evidence for the multimeric structure of ferroportin (2006)

Ferroportin (Fpn) (IREG1, SLC40A1, MTP1) is an iron transporter, and mutations in Fpn result in a genetically dominant form of iron overload disease. Previously, we demonstrated that Fpn is a multimer and that mutations in Fpn are dominant negative. Other studies have suggested that Fpn is not a multimer and that overexpression or epitope tags might affect the localization, topology, or multimerization of Fpn. We generated wild-type Fpn with 3 different epitopes, GFP, FLAG, and c-myc, and expressed these constructs in cultured cells. Co-expression of any 2 different epitope-tagged proteins in the same cell resulted in their quantitative coimmunoprecipitation. Treatment of Fpn-GFP/Fpn-FLAG-expressing cells with crosslinking reagents resulted in the crosslinking of Fpn-GFP and Fpn-FLAG. Western analysis of rat glioma C6 cells or mouse bone marrow macrophages exposed to crosslinking reagents showed that endogenous Fpn is a dimer. These results support the hypothesis that the dominant inheritance of Fpn-iron overload disease is due to the dominant-negative effects of mutant Fpn proteins.
Dual Voltage Input Reconfigurable VR for Improving Light-Load Efficiency (2006)

Extended battery life requirements for portable systems have driven innovation in power management techniques resulting in very low loads on power conversion circuits. The problem of low power conversion efficiency of typical buck converters at very light load conditions will be explained. The need for extremely high conversion efficiencies to deliver truly mobile systems will be outlined. A dual voltage input reconfigurable voltage regulator (VR) topology for handheld applications will be proposed as a solution to achieve high conversion efficiencies over a wide load range. Analytical and experimental results with a conventional buck topology will be presented to show the benefits of reconfiguring the VR topology based on load demands
Pilot-tone based ZP-OFDM Demodulation for an Underwater Acoustic Channel (2006)

Existing coherent underwater acoustic communication systems rely on single carrier transmission and adaptive decision feedback equalization to deal with time-varying and highly dispersive underwater acoustic (UWA) channels. Equalization complexity prevents any substantial rate improvement with the existing single-carrier approach, as the channel frequency selectivity increases considerably when the symbol rate increases. Multicarrier modulation in the form of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), on the other hand, converts a frequency selective channel into a set of parallel frequency-flat subchannels, thus greatly simplifying receiver equalization. Motivated by the success of OFDM in radio channels, we investigate its use for underwater acoustic channels. In this paper, we develop a pilot-tone based receiver design for zero-padded OFDM transmissions, and test it in a real underwater acoustic channel. Our proposed receiver performs carrier frequency offset compensation, channel estimation, and data demodulation on the basis of individual OFDM block. This approach is appealing to applications with short data bursts, or fast varying channels, as it does not rely on channel dependence across OFDM blocks
Dynamic retinal image reconstruction of the human eye (2003)

Human visual performance is usually measured by conventional techniques (e.g. letter charts), which cannot provide complete information of what a person actually sees in complex scenes. This paper considers reconstruction of the retinal image for real-world scenes based on the monochromatic aberrations of the human eye. Such aberrations can be evaluated by using an aberroscope or a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor. In particular, we develop methodology for dynamic image reconstruction, in which we allow the aberrations to vary in time. We then apply this methodology to subjects with significant amount of higher-order monochromatic aberrations.
Experimental validation of simulated fatigue life estimates in laser‐peened aluminum (2011)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and implement a structural fatigue life estimation framework that includes laser‐peened (LP) residual stresses and then experimentally validates these fatigue life estimations. Design/methodology/approach A three‐dimensional finite element analysis of an Al 7075‐O three‐point bending coupon being LP was created and used to estimate the fatigue life when loaded. Fatigue tests were conducted to validate these estimations. Findings The framework developed for fatigue life estimation of LP‐processed coupons yielded estimates with goodness‐of‐fit between the log‐transformed experimental and analytical data of R 2 =0.97 for the baseline coupons and R 2 =0.94 for the LP‐processed coupons. Research limitations/implications Approximated ε ‐life fatigue parameters were used to calculate the fatigue life resulting from the complex residual stress fields due to the simulated LP process. Originality/value A fatigue life estimation framework that considers LP residual stress fields has been developed for use on structural components.
Human Perception of Sensor-Fused Imagery (2019)

This chapter focuses on one type of nonliteral imagery; nighttime imagery obtained by electronic sensors. Typically, these sensors are either infrared detectors or image intensifiers. The chapter explains the need for behavioral assessment of perceptual performance with artificial imagery and explores the findings of performance assessment to date with nighttime imagery. It highlights the need for much more research that draws upon the expertise of the sensor engineers and scientists and human factors psychologists and psychophysicists. The chapter considers the nature of multiple-sensor systems. It examines the display of multiple-sensor images, and addresses the complexities created by sensor fusion—including the potential loss of image information—and constraints placed on the effectiveness of fusion by the nature of human visual processing. The chapter provides an overview of some of the diverse approaches to fusing this type of imagery by various researchers.
Analysis of a Smith-predictor-based-control concept eliminating the right-half plane zero of continuous mode boost and buck-boost DC/DC converters (2002)

It is pointed out that the small-signal transfer function of a boost or a buck-boost converter shows a zero located in the right-half complex plane for continuous operation. This zero makes the stabilization of the system considerably difficult. The authors use a boost converter as an example to show that application of the principle of linear prediction (as originally proposed for the control of systems with dead times) yields the mirror image of the control circuit zero. This shift of the zero into the left-half s-plane is achieved with unchanged location of the poles. Thereby the small signal transfer function is split into two parts: a phase-minimum system and a nonphase-minimum system. The latter can be interpreted as a linear Pade approximation of a dead-time element. For the design of a robust control system it is necessary to investigate the shift of the poles of the closed system depending on the change of the operating point. How the predictor influences the small- and large-signal system disturbance responses for changes of the load and for input voltage changes is also analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Species differences in the distribution of β‐adrenoceptor subtypes in bladder smooth muscle (1998)

1. The beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR) subtypes mediating relaxation of the rabbit, rat and canine detrusors were subjected to functional investigation using selective beta-AR agonists and antagonists. 2. In all three species, isoprenaline, noradrenaline and adrenaline each produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of the detrusor. The rank order for their relaxing potency was isoprenaline>adrenaline>noradrenaline in rabbits and rats, but isoprenaline>noradrenaline>adrenaline in dogs. 3. Dobutamine did not produce relaxation of the detrusors at concentrations that are selective for beta1-AR. The selective beta2-AR agonist, procaterol, had a more potent relaxing effect on rabbit and rat detrusors than on the canine detrusor. CGP-12177A, a selective beta3-AR agonist, was more effective in the rabbit than in the other two species. On the other hand, the relaxing effect of another beta3-AR agonist, CL316243, was more pronounced in dogs and rats than in rabbits. 4. CGP-20712A (10(-9) to 10(-7) M), a selective beta1-AR antagonist, caused a slight rightward shift of the concentration-relaxation response curve for isoprenaline in the canine detrusor (pA2 9.41), but not in the rabbit and rat detrusors. ICI-118,551, a selective beta2-AR antagonist, antagonized the isoprenaline-induced relaxation in rabbits (pA2 9.45) and rats (pA2 9.05), but not in dogs. Bupranolol, a non-selective beta-AR antagonist, caused a rightward shift of the concentration-relaxation curve for isoprenaline in the rabbit (pA2 9.32) and rat (pA2 8.98). However, higher concentrations (3 x 10(-8) to 10(-5) M) were needed to induce a rightward shift of the curve for isoprenaline in the dog (pA2 8.19) than in the other two species. 5. We have confirmed that the distribution of beta-AR subtypes in the detrusor muscle varies significantly from species to species and we provide here the first evidence of the presence of beta3-AR in the detrusor. It is suggested that the relaxation induced by adrenoceptor agonists in urinary bladder smooth muscle may be mediated mainly via beta2-AR in rabbits, via both beta2- and beta3-AR in rats, but mainly via beta3-AR in dogs.
Atomistic Origins of High-Performance in Hybrid Halide Perovskite Solar Cells (2014)

The performance of organometallic perovskite solar cells has rapidly surpassed that of both conventional dye-sensitized and organic photovoltaics. High-power conversion efficiency can be realized in both mesoporous and thin-film device architectures. We address the origin of this success in the context of the materials chemistry and physics of the bulk perovskite as described by electronic structure calculations. In addition to the basic optoelectronic properties essential for an efficient photovoltaic device (spectrally suitable band gap, high optical absorption, low carrier effective masses), the materials are structurally and compositionally flexible. As we show, hybrid perovskites exhibit spontaneous electric polarization; we also suggest ways in which this can be tuned through judicious choice of the organic cation. The presence of ferroelectric domains will result in internal junctions that may aid separation of photoexcited electron and hole pairs, and reduction of recombination through segregation of charge carriers. The combination of high dielectric constant and low effective mass promotes both Wannier-Mott exciton separation and effective ionization of donor and acceptor defects. The photoferroic effect could be exploited in nanostructured films to generate a higher open circuit voltage and may contribute to the current-voltage hysteresis observed in perovskite solar cells.
Surgical correction of kyphosisPosterior total wedge resection osteotomy in 32 patients (2004)

Posterior total wedge resection osteotomy eliminates the need for anterior procedure and does not cause tractional force on the spinal cord, since the posterior column is shortened. This is an effective one-stage procedure, especially for the treatment of sharp and rigid kyphosis.
Efficacy of Vedolizumab Maintenance Therapy With and Without Continued Immunosuppressant Use in GEMINI 1 and GEMINI 2 (2015)

Introduction: In GEMINI 1 and GEMINI 2, vedolizumab (VDZ) was safe and effective in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD), respectively, on stable doses of immunosuppressants.1,2 The effect of discontinuing immunosuppressants in patients who responded to VDZ induction therapy in these studies has not been characterized. Methods: Patients who responded to VDZ at week 6 were re-randomized to placebo (VDZ/PBO) or VDZ every 4 weeks (VDZ/VDZ Q4W) or 8 weeks (VDZ/VDZ Q8W) for 46 weeks. At United States (US) sites, re-randomized patients discontinued immunosuppressant use at week 6. At non-US sites, patients could continue to use immunosuppressants; doses were to remain stable throughout the study unless the medication was discontinued because of a medication-related toxicity. Clinical efficacy, VDZ serum concentration, and immunogenicity (via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) data were evaluated post hoc in patients with baseline (week 0) immunosuppressant use stratified by region (US vs non-US). Results: At week 52, rates of clinical remission, clinical response, mucosal healing (UC), and corticosteroid-free remission were numerically higher with VDZ, irrespective of baseline immunosuppressant use (Table). Mean trough concentrations were similar between US and non-US patients at week 46 (Table). The US and non-US sites had similar numbers of patients who were positive for anti-VDZ antibodies during VDZ maintenance therapy (Table). Conclusion: Discontinuing immunosuppressants did not appear to substantially affect the clinical efficacy of VDZ maintenance therapy. Interpretation of these post hoc analyses is limited by the crossregional comparison and the relatively small sample sizes.Table 1: Maintenance VDZ With and Without Continued Immunosuppressant Use
A novel optical gating method for laser gated imaging (2013)

For the past 15 years, Elbit Systems is developing time-resolved active laser-gated imaging (LGI) systems for various applications. Traditional LGI systems are based on high sensitive gated sensors, synchronized to pulsed laser sources. Elbit propriety multi-pulse per frame method, which is being implemented in LGI systems, improves significantly the imaging quality. A significant characteristic of the LGI is its ability to penetrate a disturbing media, such as rain, haze and some fog types. Current LGI systems are based on image intensifier (II) sensors, limiting the system in spectral response, image quality, reliability and cost. A novel propriety optical gating module was developed in Elbit, untying the dependency of LGI system on II. The optical gating module is not bounded to the radiance wavelength and positioned between the system optics and the sensor. This optical gating method supports the use of conventional solid state sensors. By selecting the appropriate solid state sensor, the new LGI systems can operate at any desired wavelength. In this paper we present the new gating method characteristics, performance and its advantages over the II gating method. The use of the gated imaging systems is described in a variety of applications, including results from latest field experiments.
Production of Microbiologically Stable Apple Juice by Metallic Membrane Ultrafiltration (1989)

ABSTRACT The potential for production of microbiologically stable apple juice by metallic membrane ultrafiltration was assessed. Thermal sterilization treatments caused no detectable changes in membrane performance. Sterile membranes were challenged with approximately 3 × 10 6 colony forming units per gram of each of three organisms, Pseudomonas diminuta, Bacillus coagulans , and Saccharomyces cerevisiae , suspended in apple puree or peptone. Reductions achieved by ultrafiltration of peptone at operating pressure were 5.1, 7.6, and &gt;9.0 logs for the three organisms, respectively. Reductions of organisms in apple puree were at least 1.5 logs greater. Metallic membranes eliminated yeasts and molds from juice. Apple juice produced from uninoculated apple puree was stable at 20–25°C for 1 yr.
Speed up of test generation using high-level primitives (1990)

We propose a general methodology to speed up the test generation process for circuits with high-level primitives. Our search procedure is a variation of depth first search that tries to fully exploit the capabilities of a computer to execute complex arithmetic and logical operations. We present techniques for signal value justification, and fault propagation, which are used by our algorithm. We have implemented a dependency-directed backtracking method to speed up our algorithm. This methodology has been applied to six circuits and the results are found to be very encouraging.
Altered ISGylation drives aberrant macrophage-dependent immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020)

Abstract Interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a ubiquitin like modifier frequently induced during virus infections and involved in versatile host defense mechanisms. Not surprisingly, many viruses including SARS-CoV-2 have evolved de-ISGylating activities to antagonize its effect. In this study we compared ISG15-driven macrophage responses upon infection by influenza, Zika and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. ISG15 and its modifying enzymes were upregulated in human macrophages after infection with all three viruses. While influenza and Zika viruses induced cellular ISGylation, SARS-CoV-2 triggered hydrolysis of ISG15 modifications instead, to generate free, extracellular ISG15 from macrophages and dendritic cells, but not from bronchial epithelial cells. Extracellular ISG15 was released independent of the conventional secretory pathway or cell death, but instead, depended on a non-classical autophagy-related secretory process. Increase of extracellular ISG15 was also reflected in serum samples from COVID-19 patients. The high ratio of free versus conjugated ISG15 in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells triggered macrophage polarization towards a M1 phenotype, increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g. MCP-1 (CCL2), IL-1, TNF and IL-6, and attenuated antigen presentation. Depleting ISG15 conjugating enzymes Ube1L and HERC5 further increased free ISG15 and exacerbated this effect. We could recapitulate this phenomenon by expressing the wild-type but not the catalytically inactive PLpro de-ISGylating enzyme of SARS-CoV-2. Proteomic analyses of the secretome from SARS-CoV-2 infected macrophages revealed that besides ISG15, it displayed significant enrichment in non-classical secretory proteins and inflammatory responses, which was further amplified by free ISG15. Collectively, our results indicate that increased proportions of free ISG15 dramatically alter macrophage responses and is likely a key feature of cytokine storms triggered by highly pathogenic respiratory viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2.
Mass flow measurement of bulk solids in pneumatic pipelines (1996)

Many types of techniques for metering the mass flow rate of bulk solids in a pneumatic pipeline have been proposed and developed during the past 20 years. This paper presents a detailed and comprehensive review of the techniques and the current state of knowledge and experience. The techniques are classified under three main categories: direct measurement of solids mass flow rates, measurement of volumetric concentrations of solids and measurement of solids velocity. Future developments and possible trends in this field are also included.
Objectives and acknowledgments the intolerable burden of malaria: What's new, what's needed (2004)

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Forecasting Primary Energy Substitutions (1990)

The historical data for world market penetrations of different primary energy sectors over time involves wood, coal, oil, gas and nuclear. An energy based dynamic systems model of industrial society has been developed which generates intersubstitution of one energy form for another. By judicious selection of selected energetic parameters, the historical world primary energy substitution patterns are replicated. The model is then used to evaluate future energy options.
Guaranteeing spike arrival time in multiboard &amp; multichip spiking neural networks (2010)

Large-scale spiking neural networks (SNN) are generally run on distributed and parallel architectures with multiple computation nodes. These architectures induce extra delays due to the node-to-node communication process. In multiboard & multichip SNNs, important delays may affect spike arrival time and, thus, can alter simulation results. In this work, we propose a method aiming to guarantee spike arrival time with arbitrary prefixed deadlines. The communication architecture is based on the token-passing access policy to grant access to shared communication channels. We show that several network parameters must be set carefully if spikes have to meet their deadlines. Parameters are chosen by taking into account the communication channel bandwidth, the arbitrary deadlines and the worst case situation that can happen in generating neural activity in SNNs. As proof of concept, we have built a system that emulates up to 120 analog Hodgkin-Huxley neurons spread across 6 boards. Experimental results show that whatever it happens (unless there is a network fault), spikes reach their destination with a maximum delay of 5 microseconds.