gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymptotically Correct Dynamic Shell Theory: 1-D Through-Thickness Analysis (2008)

In this paper, with the aid of small parameters that are inherent to the shell problem, a dimensional reduction yielding a shell theory distinct from established shell theories is carried out using the variational-asymptotic method. The dimensional reduction procedure rigorously splits the three-dimensional problem into a linear one-dimensional, throughthickness analysis and a nonlinear two-dimensional shell analysis, taking into account both low- and high-frequency vibration within the long-wavelength regime. Clearly, this is not sucient for the short-wavelength regime. Therefore, one more step is used in the present paper { called hyperbolic short-wavelength extrapolation { which enables the analysis to qualitatively describe a three-dimensional stress state in the short-wavelength regime with a two-dimensional theory. The main focus of this paper regards the through-thickness analysis, which is solved by a one-dimensional nite element approximation and which provides a means to calculate both inertia and stiness coecients for two-dimensional composite shell theory. This paper then represents the rst attempt to develop a procedure based on nite elements for the through-thickness analysis associated with shell dynamics, which makes more the problem tractable in practice.
Histone Acetylation-independent Effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on Akt through the Reshuffling of Protein Phosphatase 1 Complexes (2005)

Despite advances in understanding the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in tumorigenesis, the mechanism by which HDAC inhibitors mediate antineoplastic effects remains elusive. Modifications of the histone code alone are not sufficient to account for the antitumor effect of HDAC inhibitors. The present study demonstrates a novel histone acetylation-independent mechanism by which HDAC inhibitors cause Akt dephosphorylation in U87MG glioblastoma and PC-3 prostate cancer cells by disrupting HDAC-protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) complexes. Of four HDAC inhibitors examined, trichostatin A (TSA) and HDAC42 exhibit the highest activity in down-regulating phospho-Akt, followed by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, whereas MS-275 shows only a marginal effect at 5 microm. This differential potency parallels the respective activities in inducing tubulin acetylation, a non-histone substrate for HDAC6. Evidence indicates that this Akt dephosphorylation is not mediated through deactivation of upstream kinases or activation of downstream phosphatases. However, the effect of TSA on phospho-Akt can be rescued by PP1 inhibition but not that of protein phosphatase 2A. Immunochemical analyses reveal that TSA blocks specific interactions of PP1 with HDACs 1 and 6, resulting in increased PP1-Akt association. Moreover, we used isozyme-specific small interfering RNAs to confirm the role of HDACs 1 and 6 as key mediators in facilitating Akt dephosphorylation. The selective action of HDAC inhibitors on HDAC-PP1 complexes represents the first example of modulating specific PP1 interactions by small molecule agents. From a clinical perspective, identification of this PP1-facilitated dephosphorylation mechanism underscores the potential use of HDAC inhibitors in lowering the apoptosis threshold for other therapeutic agents through Akt down-regulation.
The Effect of Heating Rate and Gas Atmosphere on Template Decomposition in Silicalite-1 (2001)

Template evolution from TPABr/silicalite powder was studied in a thermogravimetric analyzer as a function of heating rate and gas atmosphere to determine the maximum rate of weight loss and the temperature at which the rate of weight loss was a maximum. Through the application of TPD theory, the activation energies of the thermal decomposition reactions in various gaseous atmospheres (helium, oxygen, air, ozone/air mixture) were also calculated. The results of these investigations showed that an increased calcination heating rate had a direct correlation with an increased rate of weight loss. The template removal reaction in an inert atmosphere (helium) was endothermic; however, the presence of oxidizing components in the gas atmosphere gave rise to significant exothermic reactions. We found that the least stressful conditions for template removal occurred with a heating rate of 0.5 K/min in an atmosphere containing a mixture of air and ozone (1%). For these conditions, the maximum rate of weight loss was 0.061%/min, and the temperature at maximum weight loss was 487 K; the template was fully removed at a final temperature of ca 723 K.
The Certification of Morphine and Codeine in a Human Urine Standard Reference Material* (1994)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, formerly the National Bureau of Standards) has developed and certified a Standard Reference Material, SRM 2381, for use in testing for bias in determinations of morphine and codeine in human urine. Each unit of this SRM consists of three vials with different levels of morphine and codeine in lyophilized urine. Three different analytical methods, employing GC/MS, LC/MS, and MS/MS, were used to certify the concentrations of each analyte. Results from the three methods were in good agreement and, therefore, were statistically combined to yield certified values of 138, 293, and 578 ng/mL for morphine and 134, 283, and 591 for codeine. A round-robin study on this material among nine military laboratories demonstrated the suitability of the SRM for its intended purpose.
An SNX10-dependent mechanism downregulates fusion between mature osteoclasts (2021)

Homozygosity for the R51Q mutation in sorting nexin 10 (SNX10) inactivates osteoclasts (OCLs) and induces autosomal recessive osteopetrosis in humans and in mice. We show here that the fusion of wild-type murine monocytes to form OCLs is highly regulated, and that its extent is limited by blocking fusion between mature OCLs. In contrast, monocytes from homozygous R51Q SNX10 mice fuse uncontrollably, forming giant dysfunctional OCLs that can become 10- to 100-fold larger than their wild-type counterparts. Furthermore, mutant OCLs display reduced endocytotic activity, suggesting that their deregulated fusion is due to alterations in membrane homeostasis caused by loss of SNX10 function. This is supported by the finding that the R51Q SNX10 protein is unstable and exhibits altered lipid-binding properties, and is consistent with a key role for SNX10 in vesicular trafficking. We propose that OCL size and functionality are regulated by a cell-autonomous SNX10-dependent mechanism that downregulates fusion between mature OCLs. The R51Q mutation abolishes this regulatory activity, leading to excessive fusion, loss of bone resorption capacity and, consequently, to an osteopetrotic phenotype in vivo. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
An insight to curative effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), an Ayurveda herb (2020)

Ayurveda is the oldest form of medical sciences treats with the plant extracts. The plant produces secondary metabolites (phytochemicals). They pose as bioactive component act on many physiological mechanisms to treat disorders of the human body with zero side effects. Thus, they are being used to develop phyto-medicines and Ayurveda to become global health care system. This review focuses on re-emergence of Ayurveda and the recent studies on Ashwagandha (Indian Ginseng) showcasing it’s potential as rejuvenator, nerve tonic, anti-carcinogenic and anti-rheumatic agent and even in combating Covid-19 infection. The major active ingredients were involved withaferin-A, withanolide-D, withanone, withanosides, sitoindosides and includes various alkaloids, steroidal lactones and saponins. These phytochemicals are studied on the basis of their mechanism of action, how they influence the activity of target enzymes or proteins. Through understanding the biochemical pathways of Ashwagandha produced by their secondary metabolites, it will be reasonable to justify its further research and application in drug formulation.
Plasma hollow cathodes (2021)

Hollow cathode plasma discharges are a fundamental part of a large variety of applications in industry, academia, and space. From surface processing and coatings deposition to plasma–surface interaction research and electric propulsion, advances in hollow cathode modeling and performance are critically important to the progress and evolution of these and other areas of technology. This paper describes perspectives on the progress that has been made in recent years in the capabilities and modeling of hollow cathodes used in plasma discharges. While many of the developments have been driven by the demanding requirements of electric propulsion applications, the information provided applies to all thermionic hollow cathodes and their applications. In the paper, we describe the status of 2D global simulations of hollow cathode plasmas, hollow cathode plume instabilities, and the development of higher current cathodes and low-current heaterless cathode technologies. Advances in our understanding and technology in these areas and some of the challenges that still need to be addressed and solved are discussed.
Stimulators and Inhibitors of Hepatic Porphyrin Formation in Human Sera (1974)

Human sera were found to contain factors that stimulate and factors that inhibit porphyrin formation by cultured avian liver cells. The capacity of sera to stimulate or inhibit porphyrin formation varied in different hormonal states and in the porphyrias. Sera from 31 post partum women, eight of whom were not lactating, inhibited porphyrin formation to a mean level 30% below the level in control cultures and also inhibited drug and steroid stimulation of porphyrin formation. In contrast, mean porphyrin formation compared to control cultures was increased between 9 and 21% by sera from 52 normal subjects, 16 women on oral contraceptives, and 11 pregnant women. It was increased 193% by sera from nine subjects with acute intermittent porphyria and 172% by sera from 13 subjects with porphyria cutanea tarda. Heated sera or ethanol extracts of sera from all groups of subjects further increased the mean porphyrin stimulation by sera and, for the post partum subjects, eliminated the inhibitory effect. Ethanol extracts of sera from 28 oral contraceptive-treated women caused significantly greater mean stimulation of porphyrin formation than did extracts of sera from 30 normal women. While sera from 17 out of 22 porphyric subjects contained both stimulatory and inhibitory factors, 5 out of 22 had no evidence of an inhibitory component. There appeared to be heterogeneity in the occurrence of the factors among porphyrics.The factor(s) in sera responsible for porphyrin stimulation were heat-stable and insensitive to trypsin; were present in the supernates after ethanol precipitation of plasma proteins; were extractable in ethyl acetate and nondialyzable; and they migrated with the albumincontaining fraction of serum during electrophoresis. The factor(s) responsible for porphyrin inhibition were heat labile, sensitive to trypsin, and resistant to neuraminidase; were present in the ethanol precipitates of sera and were nondialyzable; and they migrated with the gamma globulin fraction of serum during electrophoresis. Inhibition of porphyrin formation was not attributable to heme, free or bound as hemoglobin, hemopexin, or hemalbumin.
Hydrogel degradation modulates human iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte fates in 3D (2016)

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One-Year Outcomes Following Tracheostomy for Acute Respiratory Failure* (2019)

Long-term outcomes following tracheostomy are extremely poor with high mortality, morbidity, and healthcare resource utilization especially among older patients. Some subsets of younger patients may have better outcomes compared with the general tracheostomy population. Short-term acute care costs were extremely high in the first year following tracheostomy. If extended to the entire U.S. population, total short-term acute care hospital costs approach $11 billion dollars per year for tracheostomy-related to acute respiratory failure. These findings may aid families and surrogates in the decision-making process.
Neural Regulation of α‐Dystroglycan Biosynthesis and Glycosylation in Skeletal Muscle (2000)

Alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG) is part of a complex of cell surface proteins linked to dystrophin or utrophin, which is distributed over the myofiber surface and is concentrated at neuromuscular junctions. In laminin overlays of muscle extracts from developing chick hindlimb muscle, alpha-DG first appears at embryonic day (E) 10 with an apparent molecular mass of 120 kDa. By E15 it is replaced by smaller (approximately 100 kDa) and larger (approximately 150 kDa) isoforms. The larger form increases in amount and in molecular mass (>200 kDa) as the muscle is innervated and the postsynaptic membrane differentiates (E10-E20), and then decreases dramatically in amount after hatching. In myoblasts differentiating in culture the molecular mass of alpha-DG is not significantly increased by their replication, fusion, or differentiation into myotubes. Monoclonal antibody IIH6, which recognizes a carbohydrate epitope on alpha-DG, preferentially binds to the larger forms, suggesting that the core protein is differentially glycosylated beginning at E16. Consistent with prior observations implicating the IIH6 epitope in laminin binding, the smaller forms of alpha-DG bind more weakly to laminin affinity columns than the larger ones. In blots of adult rat skeletal muscle probed with radiolabeled laminin or monoclonal antibody IIH6, alpha-DG appears as a >200-kDa band that decreases in molecular mass but increases in intensity following denervation. Northern blots reveal a single mRNA transcript, indicating that the reduction in molecular mass of alpha-DG after denervation is not obviously a result of alternative splicing but is likely due to posttranslational modification of newly synthesized molecules. The regulation of alpha-DG by the nerve and its increased affinity for laminin suggest that glycosylation of this protein may be important in myofiber-basement membrane interactions during development and after denervation.
Molecular dopants: Tools to control the electronic structure of metal halide perovskite interfaces (2021)

In the standard configurations of metal halide perovskite solar cell, the active layer, or absorber, follows a p-i-n or n-i-p electronic structure that is designed to enhance the separation and extraction of photo-induced charge carriers. The control of the Fermi level position across the film, between electron and hole transport layers, is therefore of paramount importance. Direct localized doping in metal halide perovskites being still elusive, the design of n-i-p and p-i-n structures has so far relied predominantly on surface and interface doping of the perovskite as well as on the control of the work function of the substrate and transport layers on which, or between which, the absorber is being placed. We provide here a short review of that work, emphasizing the fundamental studies of electronic structure performed on systems modified with organic molecular dopants. The review starts with a justification for the effectiveness of interface doping, based on the ability to move the Fermi level across the gap of the perovskite. We then review work done on the deposition of molecular oxidants and reductants on perovskite surfaces, including the mitigation of the surface states, and the impact of these dopants on energy level alignment with substrate and charge transport layers. The second part of the review focuses on the use of molecular dopants to either modify the work function of electron or hole transport layers to establish the boundary conditions for a p-i-n or n-i-p structure, or to enhance the conductivity of these layers in order to facilitate charge carrier extraction. Final considerations are also given on recent work on bulk doping of the perovskite layer with molecular dopants.
Network processors as building blocks in overlay networks (2004)

This paper proposes an architecture that permits selected application- and middleware-level functionality to be 'pushed into' network processors. Such functionality is represented as stream handlers that run on the network processors (NPs) attached to the host nodes participating in overlay networks. When using stream handlers, application- and middleware-level functionality is 'split' into multiple components that are jointly executed by the host and the attached NP (ANP). Resulting improvements in application performance are due to the network-near nature of ANPs and due to the ability to dynamically customize stream handlers to meet current application needs or match current network resources. The evaluation of our current prototype implementation indicates that the use of ANP-level handlers can reduce the delays on the application data path by more than 25%, and can sustain higher throughput for the application services provided by stream handlers. In addition, stream handlers are a suitable basis for scalable implementations of data-increasing services like destination-customized multicast.
Neuronal calcium-binding proteins 1/2 localize to dorsal root ganglia and excitatory spinal neurons and are regulated by nerve injury (2014)

Neuronal calcium (Ca(2+))-binding proteins 1 and 2 (NECAB1/2) are members of the phylogenetically conserved EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding protein superfamily. To date, NECABs have been explored only to a limited extent and, so far, not at all at the spinal level. Here, we describe the distribution, phenotype, and nerve injury-induced regulation of NECAB1/NECAB2 in mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord. In DRGs, NECAB1/2 are expressed in around 70% of mainly small- and medium-sized neurons. Many colocalize with calcitonin gene-related peptide and isolectin B4, and thus represent nociceptors. NECAB1/2 neurons are much more abundant in DRGs than the Ca(2+)-binding proteins (parvalbumin, calbindin, calretinin, and secretagogin) studied to date. In the spinal cord, the NECAB1/2 distribution is mainly complementary. NECAB1 labels interneurons and a plexus of processes in superficial layers of the dorsal horn, commissural neurons in the intermediate area, and motor neurons in the ventral horn. Using CLARITY, a novel, bilaterally connected neuronal system with dendrites that embrace the dorsal columns like palisades is observed. NECAB2 is present in cell bodies and presynaptic boutons across the spinal cord. In the dorsal horn, most NECAB1/2 neurons are glutamatergic. Both NECAB1/2 are transported into dorsal roots and peripheral nerves. Peripheral nerve injury reduces NECAB2, but not NECAB1, expression in DRG neurons. Our study identifies NECAB1/2 as abundant Ca(2+)-binding proteins in pain-related DRG neurons and a variety of spinal systems, providing molecular markers for known and unknown neuron populations of mechanosensory and pain circuits in the spinal cord.
Polymerization of lactams, 48. Autocopolymerization of 6‐caprolactam with 12‐dodecanelactam (1982)

Abstract The homo‐ and copolymerization of 6‐caprolactam and 12‐dodecanelactam was studied in the absence of an intentionally added initator. Both the polymerization and the copolymerization of an equimolar mixture of the monomers exhibited an induction period, the length of which was reduced with increasing temperature. Above 260°C, the polymers and copolymers of 6‐caprolactam were not stable and their intrinsic viscosities as well as the polymer content decreased during long polymerization periods. On the other hand, insoluble products were formed in the homopolymerization of 12‐dodecanelactam at temperatures of 300°C and higher. As much as 35 wt.‐% of oligomers, predominantly cyclic ones, were formed in the initial stage of polymerization and copolymerization.
Search for production of Higgs boson pairs in the four b quark final state using large-area jets in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV (2019)

A bstract A search is presented for pair production of the standard model Higgs boson using data from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb −1 . The final state consists of two b quark-antiquark pairs. The search is conducted in the region of phase space where one pair is highly Lorentz-boosted and is reconstructed as a single large-area jet, and the other pair is resolved and is reconstructed using two b-tagged jets. The results are obtained by combining this analysis with another from CMS looking for events with two large jets. Limits are set on the product of the cross sections and branching fractions for narrow bulk gravitons and radions in warped extradimensional models having a mass in the range 750-3000 GeV. The resulting observed and expected upper limits on the non-resonant Higgs boson pair production cross section correspond to 179 and 114 times the standard model value, respectively, at 95% confidence level. The existence of anomalous Higgs boson couplings is also investigated and limits are set on the non-resonant Higgs boson pair production cross sections for representative coupling values.
Teaching declarative programming (1975)

At the Conference on Programming Methodology in January 1974 at Albuquerque, New Mexico Prof. Edsger Dijkstra described a method of program development in which the imperative form of a program is developed from the assertions which form the correctness proof. In other words the declarative (or non-procedural) aspect of an algorithm guides its implementation into an imperative (or procedural) form. While extremely exciting, this methodology is rather alien to those with traditional training in the imperative method of program development. Since this encompasses almost everyone including most instructors and students, a problem arises in introducing the methodology into the standard computer science curriculum. This paper describes our approach to the problem at New Mexico State and the results.
A Novel Manipulation for Implementing Logic Operations Based on Plasmonic Resonators (2019)

In this paper, a plasmonic logic device with the novel manipulation method is proposed. It consists of a hexagonal resonator in the center of the structure and dual rectangular resonators in which two sliders are embedded. The input states of the logic gate are represented by the positions of the slider. The temporal coupled-mode theory demonstrates that different positions of the slider lead to changes in the transmission spectra, which is the main idea in achieving logic operation. Ultimately, three logic operations (AND, XOR, and NOR) can be implemented simultaneously by moving the sliders and the finite-difference time-domain method is used for numerical validation. In addition, the influence of structural parameters on transmission characteristics and contrast ratio is also investigated. This paper is of great significance to the design of optical logic device on-chip and provides a new method for designing other integrated photonic devices.