gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of mass spectrometry in the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (2009)

This review summarized the applications of mass spectrometric techniques for the analysis of the important flame retardants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to understand the environmental sources, fate and toxicity of PBDEs that were briefly discussed to give a general idea for the need of analytical methodologies. Specific performance of various mass spectrometers hyphenated with, for example, gas chromatograph, liquid chromatograph, and inductively coupled plasma (GC/MS, LC/MS, and ICP/MS, respectively) for the analysis of PBDEs was compared with an objective to present the information on the evolution of MS techniques for determining PBDEs in environmental and human samples. GC/electron capture negative ionization quadrupole MS (GC/NCI qMS), GC/high resolution MS (GC/HRMS) and GC ion trap MS (GC/ITMS) are most commonly used MS techniques for the determination of PBDEs. New analytical technologies such as fast tandem GC/MS and LC/MS become available to improve analyses of higher PBDEs. The development and application of the tandem MS techniques have helped to understand environmental fate and transformations of PBDEs of which abiotic and biotic degradation of decaBDE is thought to be one major source of Br(1-9)BDEs present in the environment in addition to direct loading from commercial mixtures. MS-based proteomics will offer an insight into the molecular mechanisms of toxicity and potential developmental and neurotoxicity of PBDEs.
Mobile speed estimation for broadband wireless communications over Rician fading channels (2009)

In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to estimate mobile speed for broadband wireless communications, which often encounter large number of fading channel taps causing severe intersymbol interference. Different from existing algorithms, which commonly assume that the fading channel coefficients are available for the speed estimators, the proposed algorithm is based on the received signals which contain unknown transmitted data, unknown frequency selective fading channel coefficients possibly including line-of-sight (LOS) components, and random receiver noise. Theoretical analysis is first carried out from the received signals, and a practical algorithm is proposed based on the analytical results. The algorithm employs a modified normalized auto-covariance of received signal power to estimate the speed of mobiles. The algorithm works well for frequency selective Rayleigh and Rician channels. The algorithm is very resistant to noise, it provides accurate speed estimation even if the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is as low as 0 dB. Simulation results indicate that the new algorithm is very reliable and effective to estimate mobile speed corresponding to a maximum Doppler up to 500 Hz. The algorithm has high computational efficiency and low estimation latency, with results being available within one second after communication is established.
Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding the α1, α2 and α3 chains of mouse collagen VI (1993)

cDNA clones encoding the alpha 1, alpha 2 and alpha 3 chains of mouse collagen VI have been isolated by screening cDNA libraries with the corresponding human probes. The composite cDNAs for the alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3 chains are 2.5, 1.6 and 2.9 kb in size respectively. The alpha 1 and alpha 2 cDNAs encode the C-terminal portions of the chains as well as the entire 3'-untranslated regions, while the alpha 3 cDNAs encode a central segment of 959 amino acids flanking the triple-helical domain. The deduced amino acid sequences share 86-88% identity with the human counterparts and 67-73% identity with the chicken equivalents. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of mouse, human and chicken collagens reveal that the key features of the protein, including the cysteine residues, imperfections in the Gly-Xaa-Xaa regions, Arg-Gly-Asp sequences and potential N-glycosylation sites, are mostly conserved.
Finite Element Analysis Investigate Pulmonary Autograft Root and Leaflet Stresses to Understand Late Durability of Ross Operation (2020)

Ross operation might be a valid option for congenital and acquired left ventricular outflow tract disease in selected cases. As the pulmonary autograft is a living substitute for the aortic root that bioinspired the Ross operation, we have created an experimental animal model in which the vital capacity of the pulmonary autograft (PA) has been studied during physiological growth. The present study aims to determine any increased stresses in PA root and leaflet compared to the similar components of the native aorta. An animal model and a mathematical analysis using finite element analysis have been used for the purpose of this manuscript. The results of this study advance our understanding of the relative benefits of pulmonary autograft for the management of severe aortic valve disease. However, it launches a warning about the importance of the choice of the length of the conduits as mechanical deformation, and, therefore, potential failure, increases with the length of the segment subjected to stress. Understanding PA root and leaflet stresses is the first step toward understanding PA durability and the regions prone to dilatation, ultimately to refine the best implant technique.
Multi–Detector Row Spiral CT Angiography of the Thoracic Outlet: Dose Reduction with Anatomically Adapted Online Tube Current Modulation and Preset Dose Savings (2004)

Online tube current modulation with a preset minimum dose saving of 20% allowed 35% reduction in mean tube current-time product, with no loss in image quality.
Flatbed epi relief-contrast cellular monitoring system for stable cell culture (2017)

Consistent cell preparation is a fundamental preliminary step for understanding complex cellular mechanisms in various cell-based research fields, including basic cell biology, cancer research, and tissue engineering. However, certain elusive factors, such as cellular de-differentiation and contamination with mycoplasma or other types of cells, have compromised the reproducibility and reliability of cell-based approaches. Here, we propose an epi relief-contrast cellular monitoring system (eRC-CMS) that allows images of cells in a typical culture plate to be acquired, stored, and analysed for daily cell quality control. Due to its full flatbed nature and automated system, cells placed at any location on the stage can be analysed without special attention. Using this system, changes in the size, circularity, and proliferation of endothelial cells in subculture were recorded. Analyses of images of ~9,930,000 individual cells revealed that the growth activity and cell circularity in subcultures were closely correlated with their angiogenic activity in a subsequent hydrogel assay, demonstrating that eRC-CMS is useful for assessing cell quality in advance. We further demonstrated that eRC-CMS was feasible for the imaging of neurite elongation and spheroid formation. This system may provide a robust and versatile approach for daily cell preparation to facilitate reliable and reproducible cell-based studies.
A Pilot Study of Postoperative Animal Welfare as a Guidance Tool in the Development of a Kidney Autotransplantation Model With Extended Warm Ischemia (2019)

WI up to 75 minutes caused the intended severely impaired renal function without significantly compromising animal welfare. Blood and urine was collected postoperatively without sedation of the pigs or use of a metabolic cage.
The vascular endothelial growth factor family; proteins which guide the development of the vasculature (1998)

The development of the vascular tree during embryogenesis involves vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and tissue-specific differentiation of endothelium which gives rise to many different vessel types. These processes are physiologically complex and are therefore difficult to study in vitro. However, the discovery of endothelial cell-specific receptors and cognate ligands has led to the generation of transgenic and knockout mouse models which have shed light on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the development of blood and lymphatic vessels during embryogenesis. Such mouse models have demonstrated that members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of proteins and the VEGF receptors are critical regulators of vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and endothelial cell differentiation. The availability of purified VEGF family members and of inhibitors of these growth factors may provide a means to modulate blood vessel growth for the treatment of cancer, retinopathies and diseases of ischemia.
Wax ester production in nitrogen-rich conditions by metabolically engineered Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 (2019)

Abstract Metabolic engineering can be used as a powerful tool to redirect cell resources towards product synthesis, also in conditions that are not optimal. An example of a synthesis pathway strongly dependent on external conditions is the production of storage lipids, which typically requires high carbon/nitrogen ratio. Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 is known for its ability to produce industrially interesting storage lipids, namely wax esters (WEs). Here, we engineered the central carbon metabolism of A. baylyi ADP1 by deletion of the gene aceA encoding for isocitrate lyase in order to allow redirection of carbon towards WEs. The production was further enhanced by overexpression of fatty acyl-CoA reductase Acr1 in the wax ester production pathway. This strategy led to 3-fold improvement in yield (0.075 g/g glucose) and 3.15-fold improvement in titer (1.82 g/L) and productivity (0.038 g/L/h) by a simple one-stage batch cultivation with glucose as carbon source. The engineered strain accumulated up to 27% WEs of cell dry weight. The titer and cellular WE content are the highest reported to date among microbes. We further showed that the engineering strategy alleviated the inherent requirement for high carbon/nitrogen ratio and demonstrated the production of wax esters using nitrogen-rich substrates including casamino acids, yeast extract and baker’s yeast hydrolysate, which support biomass production but not WE production in wild-type cells. The study demonstrates the power of metabolic engineering in overcoming natural limitations in the production of storage lipids.
Teaching operating systems administration with user mode linux (2004)

User Mode Linux is a virtual machine running on a GNU-Linux operating system. It is the right choice for teaching operating systems' administration, as it does not need any dedicated hardware. It runs at user level (no need for root, i.e. administrator, access or possible security threats) and it does not have the performance problems of an emulator. This paper describes how to set up a laboratory for teaching operating systems' administration.
De novo MYC addiction as an adaptive response of cancer cells to CDK 4/6 inhibition (2017)

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) are rational cancer therapeutic targets fraught with the development of acquired resistance by tumor cells. Through metabolic and transcriptomic analyses, we show that the inhibition of CDK4/6 leads to a metabolic reprogramming associated with gene networks orchestrated by the MYC transcription factor. Upon inhibition of CDK4/6, an accumulation of MYC protein ensues which explains an increased glutamine metabolism, activation of the mTOR pathway and blunting of HIF-1α-mediated responses to hypoxia. These MYC-driven adaptations to CDK4/6 inhibition render cancer cells highly sensitive to inhibitors of MYC, glutaminase or mTOR and to hypoxia, demonstrating that metabolic adaptations to antiproliferative drugs unveil new vulnerabilities that can be exploited to overcome acquired drug tolerance and resistance by cancer cells.
El cemento portland y su potencial uso en ingeniería de tejido óseo. Fase I: estudios de biocompatibilidad-efectos del hidróxido de calcio (2006)

Actualmente existe una creciente e insatisfecha demanda de substitutos óseos con buen desempeño, tanto desde el punto de vista biológico como mecánico. Basados en las excelentes propiedades mecánico-estructurales del cemento pórtland, se plantea un estudio exploratorio de biocompatibilidad de este material. Se prepararon substratos de cemento pórtland gris tipo I bajo diferentes tratamientos (neutralizado-SN, carbonatado-SC, y no neutralizado-SnN), los cuales fueron luego sometidos a un ensayo de contacto directo con células CHO y HOS durante 24 h. Los substratos se caracterizaron por SEM, y tinciones con fnolftaleía para determinar su pH; mientras que la evaluación del estado del cultivo fue realizada por microscopía de contraste de fase. Los resultados indican que el pH fue mayor para SnN (> 12,0), seguido de SN, y finalmente de los SC (&#8776; 7,4); de igual manera se observó que la citotoxicidad de los substratos disminuyó en proporción al valor del pH. Se postula que el Ca(OH)2 formado durante la hidratación del cemento es el causante del efecto tóxico de éste, y que al agotar las fuentes de Ca(OH)2, ya sea por carbonatación o neutralización, se afecta de manera positiva la biocompatibilidad del cemento pórtland.
Defining, Evaluating, and Removing Bias Induced by Linear Imputation in Longitudinal Clinical Trials with MNAR Missing Data (2020)

Missing not at random (MNAR) post-dropout missing data from a longitudinal clinical trial result in the collection of “biased data”, which leads to biased estimators and tests of corrupted hypotheses. In a full rank linear model analysis the model equation, E[Y] = Xβ, leads to the definition of the primary parameter β = (X′X)−1X′E[Y], and the definition of linear secondary parameters of the form θ = Lβ = L(X′X)−1X′E[Y], including for example, a parameter representing a “treatment effect”. These parameters depend explicitly on E[Y], which raises the questions: what is E[Y] when some elements of the incomplete random vector Y are not observed and MNAR, or when such a Y is “completed” via imputation? We develop a rigorous, readily interpretable definition of E[Y] in this context that leads directly to definitions of β,Bias(β^)=E[β^]−β,Bias(θ^)=E[θ^ ]−Lβ, and the extent of hypothesis corruption. These definitions provide a basis for evaluating, comparing, and removing biases induced by various linear imputation methods for MNAR incomplete data from longitudinal clinical trials. Linear imputation methods use earlier data from a subject to impute values for post-dropout missing values and include “Last Observation Carried Forward” (LOCF) and “Baseline Observation Carried Forward” (BOCF), among others. We illustrate the methods of evaluating, comparing, and removing biases and the effects of testing corresponding corrupted hypotheses via a hypothetical, but very realistic longitudinal analgesic clinical trial.
Transonic low-Reynolds number airfoils (1992)

Airfoils operating in the unexplored high-Mach—low-Reynolds number regime are computationally investigated. The motivations are 1) quantificatio n of achievable airfoil performance levels; 2) quantificatio n of parameter sensitivities which impact vehicle sizing; 3) identification of possible shortcomings in the computational methods employed; and 4) identification of test data required for adequate validation of the airfoil designs and performance prediction methods. The investigation centers on candidate airfoils developed for proposed ultrahigh altitude aircraft (UHAA) having both a high-ceiling and a long-range requirement. Computational studies indicate that 35-km ceiling performance at M — 0.60, Re — 200,000 hinges on the effective use of transonic flow to enhance transition and reduce separation-bubble losses. The separation bubbles become associated with large lambda shock structures at the highest tolerable Mach numbers. Airfoil performance predictions are parameterized by quantities dependent only on altitude and vehicle characteristics, and independent of flight trim conditions. For the airfoils designed, no flaps are necessary to achieve nearly optimal performance at both 35-km ceiling conditions as well as lower 15-25-km altitudes where long-range cruise would occur. Variation in airfoil thickness between 11-15% has surprisingly little impact on aerodynamic performance.
Impedance in the Diagnosis of Lead Malfunction (2020)

Impedance is the ratio of voltage to current in an electrical circuit. Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices measure impedance to assess the structural integrity electrical performance of leads, typically using subthreshold pulses. We review determinants of impedance, how it is measured, variation in clinically measured pacing and high-voltage impedance and impedance trends as a diagnostic for lead failure and lead-device connection problems. We consider the differential diagnosis of abnormal impedance and the approach to the challenging problem of a single, abnormal impedance measurement. Present impedance provides a specific but insensitive diagnostic. For pacing circuits, we review the complementary roles of impedance and more sensitive oversensing diagnostics. Shock circuits lack a sensitive diagnostic. This deficiency is particularly important for insulation breaches, which may go undetected and present with short circuits during therapeutic shocks. We consider new methods for measuring impedance that may increase sensitivity for insulation breaches.
Apoptosis of Murine Hepatocytes Induced by High Doses of Galactosamine. (1997)

Apoptosis induced by high doses of Galactosamine (GalN) was investigated in mice hepatocytes in vivo. In mice intraperitoneally (i.p.) treated with GalN 3 g/kg, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells were first observed at 6 hr postadministration (PA). Both acidophilic bodies in hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections and TUNEL-positive cells were markedly found at 24 hr PA. At 48 hr PA, cellular degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes were prominently observed, and TUNEL-positive cells were scarcely found. In the mice ip treated with GalN 1.5 g/kg, the lesion was milder than that in those treated with GalN 3 g/kg. Acidophilic bodies and TUNEL-positive cells were scarcely found at 24 hr PA, whereas they were markedly seen at 48 hr PA. In addition, a ladder-like DNA fragmentation pattern by agarose gel electrophoresis was observed most remarkably at 24 hr PA with GalN 3 g/kg and at 48 hr PA with GalN 1.5 g/kg, and less distinctly at 48 hr PA with GalN 3 g/kg. On the other hand, sGOT and sGPT activities increased prominently at 48 hr PA with GalN 3 g/kg. These results suggest that the cell death induced by high dose of GalN may be caused by apoptosis, and subsequently by necrosis in vivo.
Sick House/Building Syndrome in JAPAN - Current Status and Practical Research on Indoor Air Quality - (2005)

Many Japanese today are suffering from health disorders related to their living environment, such as allergies and hypersensitivity to chemical substances. The Sick House/Building Syndrome has been a serious problem since 1996, due to low level exposure to hazardous chemicals such as formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted in airtight houses. This paper aims to show current status of the syndrome in Japan and practical researches to promote prevention of, and improvement to indoor air pollution due to chemicals.
<title>Color segmentation as an aid to white balancing for digital still cameras</title> (2000)

Digital Still Cameras employ automatic white balance techniques to adjust sensor amplifier gains so that white imaged objects appear white. A color cast detection algorithm is presented that uses histogram and segmentation techniques to select near-neutral objects in the image. Once identified and classified, these objects permit determination of the scene illuminant and implicitly the respective amplifier gains. Under certain circumstances, a scene may contain no near-neutral objects. By using the segmentation operations on non-neutral image objects, memory colors, from skin, sky, and foliage objects, may be identified. If identified, these memory colors provide enough chromatic information to predict the scene illuminant. By combining the approaches from near-neutral objects with those of memory color objects, a reasonable automatic white balance over a wide range of scenes is possible.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering in polymer-coated chalcogenide microfibers (2014)

Stimulated Brillouin scattering is experimentally demonstrated in several polymer-coated chalcogenide microfibers. It is shown that the Brillouin frequency shift can be widely tuned with the wire diameter and that the polymer cladding substantially broadens the Brillouin line width, thus leading to enhanced nonlinear figure-of-merit.
Practical Succinct Text Indexes in External Memory (2018)

Chien et al. [1, 2] introduced the geometric Burrows-Wheeler transform (GBWT) as the first succinct text index for I/O-efficient pattern matching in external memory; it operates by transforming a text T into point set S in the two-dimensional plane. In this paper we introduce a practical succinct external memory text index, called mKD-GBWT. We partition S into σ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> subregions by partitioning the x-axis into σ intervals using the suffix ranges of characters of T and partitioning the y-axis into σ intervals using characters of T, where σ is the alphabet size of T. In this way, we can represent a point using fewer bits and perform a query in a reduced region so as to improve the space usage and I/Os of GBWT in practice. In addition, we plug a crit-bit tree into each node of string B-trees to represent variable-length strings stored. Experimental results show that mKD-GBWT provides significant improvement in space usage compared with the state-of-the-art indexing techniques. The source code is available online [3].
ChemInform Abstract: Aziridination of Aliphatic Alkenes Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Copper Complexes. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High speed optical tomography system for imaging dynamic transparent media (1997)

We describe the design and operation of a high speed optical tomography system for measuring two-dimensional images of a dynamic phase object at a rate of 5 kHz. Data from a set of eight Hartmann wavefront sensors is back-projected to produce phase images showing the details of the inner structure of a heated air flow. The tomographic reconstructions have a spatial resolution of approximately 2.0 mm and can measure temperature variations across the flow with an accuracy of about 0.7 C. Series of animated reconstructions at different downstream locations illustrate the development of flow structure and the effect of acoustic flow forcing.
Reservoir-Scale 3D Sedimentary Modelling – Approaches and Impact of Integrating Sedimentology into Reservoir Characterization Workflow (2005)

Sedimentological cross-sections and maps contain most of the knowledge and concepts of sedimentologists. They represent the outcome of sedimentological studies, including available well data, seismic interpretation and especially sedimentological and environmental concepts, incorporating all facies transitions and successions in a high-resolution stratigraphic framework.
Supplementary Table 2 from Lack of Correlation between p53-Dependent Transcriptional Activity and the Ability to Induce Apoptosis among 179 Mutant p53s (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Lack of Correlation between p53-Dependent Transcriptional Activity and the Ability to Induce Apoptosis among 179 Mutant p53s