gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STICKER-T: An Energy-Efficient Neural Network Processor Using Block-Circulant Algorithm and Unified Frequency-Domain Acceleration (2020)

The emerging edge intelligence requires low-cost energy-efficient neural network (NN) processors. Supporting various types of edge NN models leads to extra circuit overhead. Designing a unified NN processor with high energy/area efficiency is challenging. This work presents a frequency-domain-accelerated unified NN processor, named STICKER-T. It combines algorithm, architecture, and circuit-level optimization to achieve high energy/area efficiency. By utilizing the block-circulant NN (CirCNN) algorithm, this work supports frequency-domain acceleration and a unified workflow for convolutional, fully connected, and recurrent NN (CNN/FC/RNN). Three key innovations are proposed. First, a block-circulant-accelerated chip architecture is implemented to support unified CNN/FC/RNN workflow. Second, a multi-bit 8-128-point global-parallel local-bit-serial fast Fourier transform (FFT) module is designed for efficient high-throughput FFT/inverse FFT (IFFT) operation. Third, by utilizing a 6T hierarchical-bitline-switching transpose-SRAM (HBST-TRAM), 2-D data reuse is enabled in the proposed multi-bit frequency-domain multiply-accumulate (MAC) array. STICKER-T was fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS technology. It can operate at 0.54-1.15 V and 25-200 MHz with 13.3-339-mW power consumption. The peak energy efficiency achieves 140.3 TOPS/W. It shows 8.1 × area efficiency and 4.2 × energy efficiency at 4-bit precision compared with the state-of-the-art reconfigurable NN processor.
Collagen Fiber Orientation Is Coupled with Specific Nano-Compositional Patterns in Dark and Bright Osteons Modulating Their Biomechanical Properties (2021)

Bone continuously adapts to its mechanical environment by structural reorganization to maintain mechanical strength. As the adaptive capabilities of bone are portrayed in its nano- and microstructure, the existence of <i>dark</i> and <i>bright</i> osteons with contrasting preferential collagen fiber orientation (longitudinal and oblique-angled, respectively) points at a required tissue heterogeneity that contributes to the excellent fracture resistance mechanisms in bone. <i>Dark</i> and <i>bright</i> osteons provide an exceptional opportunity to deepen our understanding of how nanoscale tissue properties influence and guide fracture mechanisms at larger length scales. To this end, a comprehensive structural, compositional, and mechanical assessment is performed using circularly polarized light microscopy, synchrotron nanocomputed tomography, focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy, quantitative backscattered electron imaging, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nanoindentation testing. To predict how the mechanical behavior of osteons is affected by shifts in collagen fiber orientation, finite element models are generated. Fundamental disparities between both osteon types are observed: <i>dark</i> osteons are characterized by a higher degree of mineralization along with a higher ratio of inorganic to organic matrix components that lead to higher stiffness and the ability to resist plastic deformation under compression. On the contrary, <i>bright</i> osteons contain a higher fraction of collagen and provide enhanced ductility and energy dissipation due to lower stiffness and hardness.
Reconstruction of subsurface radio holograms fully and partially measured by different methods (2017)

Reconstruction of measured holograms is performed by the backward propagation method and by means of a preliminary measured instrument function (IF). It is shown that the results of the reconstruction can be improved by reducing the IF measuring error, e.g., by averaging over a ring. It is established that images of a part of subsurface radio holograms can be obtained not only if the known part of a hologram is an entire fragment but also if the measured points of the hologram are not nearest neighbors of each other.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Porous Magnetic Diamond Framework, Co3(HCOO)6, and Its N2 Sorption Characteristic (2005)

[Co3(HCOO)6](CH3OH)(H2O) (1), the isostructural analogue of the porous magnet of coordination framework [Mn3(HCOO)6](CH3OH)(H2O), and its desolvated form [Co3(HCOO)6] (2) were prepared and characterized by X-ray and neutron diffraction methods, IR, thermal analyses, and BET, and their magnetic properties were measured. The parent compound, 1, crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c, a = 11.254(2) A, b = 9.832(1) A, c = 18.108(3) A, beta = 127.222(2) degrees , V = 1595.5(4) A3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0329 at 180 K. It possesses a unit cell volume that is 9% smaller than [Mn3(HCOO)6](CH3OH)(H2O) due to the smaller radius of Co2+ ion. Compared with the parent compound 1, the desolvated compound 2 has slightly larger lattice with cell parameters of a = 11.2858(4) A, b = 9.8690(4) A, c = 18.1797(6) A, beta = 127.193(2) degrees , V = 1613.0(1) A3, R1 = 0.0356 at 180 K. The cell parameters of 2, obtained from neutron powder data at 2 K, are a = 11.309(2) A, b = 9.869(1) A, c = 18.201(3) A, beta = 127.244(8) degrees , V = 1617.3(5) A3. The pore volume reduces from 33% to 30% by replacing Mn by Co. The material exhibits a diamond framework based on Co-centered CoCo4 tetrahedral nodes, in which all metal ions have octahedral coordination geometry and all HCOO groups link the metal ions in syn-syn/anti modes. It displays thermal stability up to 270 degrees C. The compound easily loses guest molecules without loss of crystallinity, and it partly reabsorbs water from the atmosphere. Significant N2 sorption was observed for the desolvated framework suggesting that the material possesses permanent porosity. The magnetic properties show a tendency to a 3D long-range magnetic ordering, probably antiferromagnetic with a spin canting arrangement below 2 K.
Fabrication of Polymeric Light Emitting Diodes Based on Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) LB Films (1994)

Abstract Novel polymeric light emitting diodes based on poly(p-phenylene vinylene) and polyimide LB films were fabricated. The former and the latter were used as the light emitting layer and the hole transporting layer, respectively. The results indicated that charge injection and electroluminescent efficiency were improved remarkably by the incorporation of the polyimide hole transporting layer.
Luminescent Properties of DOBDC Containing MOFs: The Role of Free Hydroxyls (2020)

A novel metal-organic framework (MOF), Mn-DOBDC, has been synthesized in an effort to investigate the role of both the metal center and presence of free linker hydroxyls on the luminescent properties of DOBDC (2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid) containing MOFs. Co-MOF-74, RE-DOBDC (RE-Eu and Tb), and Mn-DOBDC have been synthesized and analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and the fluorescent properties probed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT). Mn-DOBDC has been synthesized by a new method involving a concurrent facile reflux synthesis and slow crystallization, resulting in yellow single crystals in monoclinic space group <i>C</i>2/<i>c</i>. Mn-DOBDC was further analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and photoluminescent emission. Results indicate that the luminescent properties of the DOBDC linker are transferred to the three-dimensional structures of both the RE-DOBDC and Mn-DOBDC, which contain free hydroxyls on the linker. In Co-MOF-74 however, luminescence is quenched in the solid state due to binding of the phenolic hydroxyls within the MOF structure. Mn-DOBDC exhibits a ligand-based tunable emission that can be controlled in solution by the use of different solvents.
Integrated genomic analysis reveals mutated ELF3 as a potential gallbladder cancer vaccine candidate (2020)

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive gastrointestinal malignancy with no approved targeted therapy. Here, we analyze exomes (n = 160), transcriptomes (n = 115), and low pass whole genomes (n = 146) from 167 gallbladder cancers (GBCs) from patients in Korea, India and Chile. In addition, we also sequence samples from 39 GBC high-risk patients and detect evidence of early cancer-related genomic lesions. Among the several significantly mutated genes not previously linked to GBC are ETS domain genes ELF3 and EHF, CTNNB1, APC, NSD1, KAT8, STK11 and NFE2L2. A majority of ELF3 alterations are frame-shift mutations that result in several cancer-specific neoantigens that activate T-cells indicating that they are cancer vaccine candidates. In addition, we identify recurrent alterations in KEAP1/NFE2L2 and WNT pathway in GBC. Taken together, these define multiple targetable therapeutic interventions opportunities for GBC treatment and management.
Determination of DeltapH in Chloroplasts. 2. Fluorescent Amines as a Probe for the Determination of DeltapH in Chloroplasts (1972)

A method for the measurement of the internal pH of chloroplasts is described. The method is based on the uptake of a fluorescent amine by chloroplasts, which can be observed by the lowering of the fluorescence emitted from a suspension of chloroplasts. It is shown that this uptake is dependent, as expected, on the dissociation constant of theamine and also on the number of ionisable amines in the molecule. Amines attached to two typesof chromophores, acridine and naphthalene have been investigated. As previously shown for other amines, this uptake was found to be a prerequisite for their acting as uncouplers. The technique provides a simple way to continuously follow changes in ΔpH in chloroplasts.
p53 gene mutations in pituitary adenomas: rare events (1994)

p53 mutations, at least within the high mutation domains of p53, occur infrequently in human pituitary adenomas. Increased steady-state levels of p53 protein identified immunocytochemically may be a consequence of binding to other cellular proteins in these tumours.
Liquid–Liquid Equilibria of Methanol, Ethanol, and Propan-2-ol with Water and Dodecane (2011)

Ternary liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were measured and their binodal curves and tie-lines correlated at atmospheric pressure for the systems methanol + water + dodecane at T = (298.14 and 313.14) K, ethanol + water + dodecane at T = (298.14, 313.14, 323.15, and 333.15) K, and propan-2-ol + water + dodecane at T = (328.15 and 333.15) K. The LLE data were measured using the direct analytical technique with a double-walled glass cell. It was found that no plait point could be observed for the ternary system consisting of methanol + water + dodecane; however the miscibility in the system was greatly increased by increasing the carbon chain-length of the alcohol, as well as increasing the equilibrium temperature of the system. The trends observed were consistent with those observed for similar systems in literature. The binodal curves were correlated using the Hlavatý equation, a β function equation, and a log γ equation. It was found that the log γ equation provided the best fit to the experimental data for all of the systems measured. The tie-line data were correlated using both the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) and universal quasichemical (UNIQUAC) Gibbs excess models. It was found that the best fit was obtained with the NRTL equation.
Dynamic logic in four-phase micropipelines (2002)

Micropipelines are self-timed pipelines with characteristics that suggest they may be applicable to low-power circuits. They were originally designed with two-phase control, but four-phase control appears to offer benefits for CMOS implementations. In low-power applications static circuit behaviour is desirable since it allows activity to cease (and hence power to be saved) without loss of state. However, dynamic circuits offer the benefits of increased speed and lower switched capacitance. Therefore low-power designs often employ dynamic logic with additional latches or charge-retention circuits to give pseudo-static behaviour. These additions increase the cost and power consumption of the dynamic circuits, thereby compromising their potential advantages. Circuits are proposed in this paper that allow dynamic logic to operate efficiently within a four-phase micropipeline framework without the above-mentioned encumbrances whilst still retaining externally static behaviour.
Engineered Multivalency Enhances Affibody-Based HER3 Inhibition and Downregulation in Cancer Cells (2017)

The receptor tyrosine kinase HER3 has emerged as a therapeutic target in ovarian, prostate, breast, lung, and other cancers due to its ability to potently activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, especially via dimerization with HER2, as well as for its role in mediating drug resistance. Enhanced efficacy of HER3-targeted therapeutics would therefore benefit a wide range of patients. This study evaluated the potential of multivalent presentation, through protein engineering, to enhance the effectiveness of HER3-targeted affibodies as alternatives to monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Assessment of multivalent affibodies on a variety of cancer cell lines revealed their broad ability to improve inhibition of Neuregulin (NRG)-induced HER3 and Akt phosphorylation compared to monovalent analogues. Engineered multivalency also promoted enhanced cancer cell growth inhibition by affibodies as single agents and as part of combination therapy approaches. Mechanistic investigations revealed that engineered multivalency enhanced affibody-mediated HER3 downregulation in multiple cancer cell types. Overall, these results highlight the promise of engineered multivalency as a general strategy for enhanced efficacy of HER3-targeted therapeutics against a variety of cancers.
Assembly of fibrin. A light scattering study. (1979)

Using stopped flow light scattering, we show that assembly of fibrin following activation with non-rate-limiting amounts of thrombin or reptilase occurs in two steps, of which the first is end-to-end polymerization of fibrin monomers to protofibrils and the second is lateral association of protofibrils to fibers, in agreement with Ferry's original proposal. Polymerization is found to proceed as a bimolecular association of bifunctional monomers; the overall rate varies as the inverse first power of the concentration; end-to-end association of two monomers, of a monomer and an oligomer, and of two oligomers occurs with the same rate constant. The value of the rate constant is 8.2 C 10(5) M-1 s-1 in 0.5 M NaCl, is three times larger in 0.1 M NaCl (0.05 M Tris, pH 7.4), and is the same following activation by reptilase and by thrombin. The onset of growth of fibers from protofibrils takes 12 times longer in 0.5 than in 0.1 M salt, i.e. thick fibers ("coarse" gels) form from short protofibrils, and thin fibers ("fine" gels) form from longer protofibrils. Jumps of salt concentration at times when protofibrils, but not fibers, have formed result in immediate growth of thick fibers at low salt from long protofibrils formed at high salt. The rate of fiber growth in these experiments varies as the inverse first power of the concentration. 3the instant of gelation (formation of a network of fibers) falls in the later half of the time during which the scattering rises due to fiber growth; the rise of gel rigidity after gelation is found to continue beyond the end of this period. Jumps from low to high salt result in retention of whatever fibers have formed at low salt and a very small additional increase of the scattering due to further fiber growth at high salt. From a variety of evidence, we conclude that the properties of fibrin are determined by kinetics and not equilibria of assembly steps. Results obtained here agree with the following scheme of fibrin assembly: monomers polymerize to protofibrils; long protofibrils associate laterally to fibers; occasionally a long protofibril associates with two different fibers to form an interfiber connection; fiber growth does not reverse to yield stabler, more compact, structures and terminates in formation of a network of fibers. The typical delay of fiber growth is the time during which protofibrils form from monomers. Measurements at rate-limiting concentrations of thrombin have allowed estimation of turnover rates of fibrinopeptides that agree with kinetic parameters obtained with direct assay of fibrinopeptide. Release of fibrinopeptide B causes more rapid fiber formation. Addition of thrombin after activation by reptilase, at a time when protofibrils, but not fibers, have formed, is followed rapidly by fiber formation; this proves that thrombin readily removes fibrinopeptide B from protofibrils. On the basis of these new results and earlier work (in particular, Blombäck, B., Hessel, B., Hogg, D., and Therkildsen, L...
Mechanical Stress Analysis of Microfluidic Environments Designed for Isolated Biological Cell Investigations (2009)

Advancements in technologies for assessing biomechanics at the cellular level have led to discoveries in mechanotransduction and the investigation of cell mechanics as a biomarker for disease. With the recent development of an integrated optical tweezer with micron resolution particle image velocimetry, the opportunity to apply controlled multiaxial stresses to suspended single cells is available (Neve, N., Lingwood, J. K., Zimmerman, J., Kohles, S. S., and Tretheway, D. C., 2008, "The muPIVOT: An Integrated Particle Image Velocimetry and Optical Tweezers Instrument for Microenvironment Investigations," Meas. Sci. Technol., 19(9), pp. 095403). A stress analysis was applied to experimental and theoretical flow velocity gradients of suspended cell-sized polystyrene microspheres demonstrating the relevant geometry of nonadhered spherical cells, as observed for osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts. Three flow conditions were assessed: a uniform flow field generated by moving the fluid sample with an automated translation stage, a gravity driven flow through a straight microchannel, and a gravity driven flow through a microchannel cross junction. The analysis showed that fluid-induced stresses on suspended cells (hydrodynamic shear, normal, and principal stresses in the range of 0.02-0.04 Pa) are generally at least an order of magnitude lower than adhered single cell studies for uniform and straight microchannel flows (0.5-1.0 Pa). In addition, hydrostatic pressures dominate (1-100 Pa) over hydrodynamic stresses. However, in a cross junction configuration, orders of magnitude larger hydrodynamic stresses are possible without the influence of physical contact and with minimal laser trapping power.
Intelligent Clinical Decision Support (2022)

Early recognition of pathologic cardiorespiratory stress and forecasting cardiorespiratory decompensation in the critically ill is difficult even in highly monitored patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Instability can be intuitively defined as the overt manifestation of the failure of the host to adequately respond to cardiorespiratory stress. The enormous volume of patient data available in ICU environments, both of high-frequency numeric and waveform data accessible from bedside monitors, plus Electronic Health Record (EHR) data, presents a platform ripe for Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches for the detection and forecasting of instability, and data-driven intelligent clinical decision support (CDS). Building unbiased, reliable, and usable AI-based systems across health care sites is rapidly becoming a high priority, specifically as these systems relate to diagnostics, forecasting, and bedside clinical decision support. The ICU environment is particularly well-positioned to demonstrate the value of AI in saving lives. The goal is to create AI models embedded in a real-time CDS for forecasting and mitigation of critical instability in ICU patients of sufficient readiness to be deployed at the bedside. Such a system must leverage multi-source patient data, machine learning, systems engineering, and human action expertise, the latter being key to successful CDS implementation in the clinical workflow and evaluation of bias. We present one approach to create an operationally relevant AI-based forecasting CDS system.
Phosphate and Heat Treatments to Control Salmonella and Reduce Spoilage and Rancidity on Broiler Carcasses (1979)

Broiler chicken carcasses were inoculated with about 300 cells of a naladixic acid resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium, then treated for 3 min with highly agitated water with or without 6% phosphate added, at 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, or 90 C. Other broiler carcasses were inoculated with about 60 cells, then similarly treated at 65 or 70 C. All carcasses were chilled after the hot water treatment in a system simulating commerical chilling. When inoculum was 300 cells, at least 5% of the carcasses remained contaminated with Salmonella, even when hot water treatment was at 90 C. When inoculum was 60 cells, Salmonella were eliminated by hot water treatment at 65 or 70 C. Carcasses showed a partially cooked appearance after hot water treatment. Total bacterial counts on carcasses treated at 70 and 90 C, with or without added phosphate, and then chilled were lower than on control carcasses throughout storage at 2 C for up to 26 days. Phosphates did not consistently or significantly affect either Salmonella survival or total bacterial counts. Oxidative deterioration as measured by the thiobarbituric acid test was significantly retarded throughout 26 days of storage by the addition of 6% phosphate to a 70 or 90 C hot water treatment.
Estimating the Generalization Performance of a SVM Efficiently (2001)

This paper proposes and analyzes an efficient and effective approach for estimating the generalization performance of a support vector machine (SVM) for text classification. Without any computation-intensive resampling, the new estimators are computationally much more efficient than cross-validation or bootstrapping. They can be computed at essentially no extra cost immediately after training a single SVM. Moreover, the estimators developed here address the special performance measures needed for evaluating text classifiers. They can be used not only to estimate the error rate, but also to estimate recall, precision, and F_1. A theoretical analysis and experiments show that the new method can effectively estimate the performance of SVM text classifiers in an efficient way.
Conduction and induction pumps for liquid metals (1957)

Two main types of electromagnetic pump for liquid metals can be distinguished: conduction pumps, a.c. or d.c., in which a magnetic field is established across a tube containing liquid metal, and current is fed to the liquid through electrodes connected to the tube walls; and induction pumps, in which a travelling field induces the required current, as in the induction motor. The induction pump takes three main forms: annular linear (Alip), flat linear (Flip), and spiral (Sip).These are probably the most useful types of electromagnetic pump for liquid metal, and each is examined and compared in an attempt to predict their relative performance and their main design features.