gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dose effect of oral Saccharomyces boulardii treatments on morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed mice (1998)

Survival, weight loss, translocation and histological alterations in the terminal ileum, liver and spleen were studied in mice simultaneously immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide and treated or not with Saccharomyces boulardii until the death of all animals. The animals were divided into five groups: C1 (not immunosuppressed, not treated); C2 (immunosuppressed, not treated); B1 (immunosuppressed, treated with S. boulardii 10.0 mg); B2 (immunosuppressed, treated with S. boulardii 1.0 mg) and B3 (immunosuppressed, treated with S. boulardii 0.1 mg). Survival was higher in group B3 than in the other immunosuppressed groups. Weight loss was observed for all groups except C1. By day 7, some animals from each group were killed by ether inhalation for the determination of bacterial translocation and histopathological examination. Bacterial translocation to the liver was lower in groups C1 and B3 than in the other groups. The highest translocation to the liver and spleen was observed in group B1. Low S. boulardii translocation was observed in some animals, principally to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Histopathological examination showed a decrease in epithelial cell turnover with villus length reduction and loss of brush borders in group C2. Relative protection against these alterations was obtained when the animals were treated with the yeast, independently of the dose. Higher expression of the lymphoid component was also noted in the ileal lamina propria, liver and spleen of mice treated with the yeast, together with activation of the reticulo-endothelial system, when compared with group C2 where lymphocyte depletion was observed. This study suggests a relative protection of immunosuppressed animals by treatment with S. boulardii, but this phenomenon was inversely proportional to the yeast dose.
Establishing information requirements for supervisory controllers in a flexible manufacturing system using GTA (2000)

In this article we consider the technological change that has occurred in complex manufacturing systems within the past two decades and the implications it has had on the role of human operators in manufacturing systems control. Our examination ranges from the traditional production line manned by skilled machinists to flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) under supervisory control. On the basis of this study, we raise the question as to whether new advanced manufacturing technology interfaces are supportive of human operators in their responsibilities to manufacturing systems. We address this problem by analyzing supervisory controller information requirements for intervening in complex process control tasks as part of FMS operation. This analysis was conducted using a cognitive engineering research methodology, which has not previously been applied, in the domain of manufacturing. The method of GTA was applied to supervisory control of an FMS and produced detailed information requirements, which facilitated the formulation of general design guidelines for FMS interface design. The guidelines are aimed at supporting human operator process strategy development and decision making. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Efficacy and Safety of Tissue Plasminogen Activator (1987)

Simple aspiration to remove acute intracerebral hematomas has been thwarted by the solidity of the clot. Urokinase, a first generation fibrinolytic agent, has been used to liquefy such clots with some success. Therefore, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), a second generation fibrinolytic drug that may be safer and more effective, was studied to evaluate its ability to lyse clot in vitro and its reactivity in the brain and subarachnoid space. t-PA seems to cause partial clot lysis in small dosages (3750 units/70-cc clot) and in a short time (15 minutes). It seems to perfuse through the clot when injected in one place. It does not cause inflammation or bleeding when injected into the rat brain, but indeed seems to promote resorption of blood when the two are injected together. It does not cause aseptic meningitis when injected into the cisterna magna of rabbits. t-PA may prove to be an important adjuvant to the stereotactic aspiration of intracerebral hematomas. It may be particularly helpful in lysing these clots to make possible more gentle aspiration, removing the risk to surrounding brain of strong vacuum.
Improved illumination invariance using a color edge representation based on Double Opponent neurons (2008)

We describe an evaluation framework that provides a quantitative measure on the performance of a neural network color constancy model. In this framework, the responses of three models of color constancy to a set of color edges under varying illuminating conditions are computed. We study a model based on double opponent cells, as well as two variants of the Retinex model. Evaluation metrics on the modelspsila capabilities to discriminate among different color edges and resist illuminant induced changes are measured using this framework, we confirm the advantage of incorporating spectral opponency into the color constancy model.
Blood group genotype analysis of Australian reagent red blood cell donors across three genotyping platforms: consistent detection of 7·0% phenotype genotype nonconcordance (2014)

Background and Objectives Standards mandate reagent red blood cells ( RBC s) must be homozygous for certain antigens. Genotyping provides an enhanced approach to characterizing RBC s as mutations encoding weakened antigen expression may be detected. This study aimed to genotype reagent RBC donors and compare outcomes with serological phenotype. Genotyping was undertaken using three commercially available platforms. Materials and Methods Blood samples were collected from donors ( n = 300) who contribute to reagent RBC panels. Genotyping was performed on at least one of three commercial platforms; BLOODchip Reference v4.1 (Progenika); human erythrocyte antigen ( HEA ) and RHD BeadChip (BioArray Solutions Ltd); Hemo ID Blood Group Genotyping Panel (Agena Bioscience). Results Genotype and phenotype were concordant for 279 of 300 donors (21 of 300; 7·0% nonconcordance). Five donors carried RH mutations and fifteen donors carried FY mutations, including two donors who had an incorrect phenotype reported. One donor carried RH and FY mutations. Conclusion Discrepancies between genotype and phenotype were detected in 7·0% of reagent RBC donors tested in clinically significant blood group systems. Genotyping of reagent RBC donors can improve transfusion safety by optimizing sensitivity of antibody screening and identification panels.
Evaluation of a MR-compatible CZT detector (2007)

Multimodality imaging is increasingly relevant in many clinical and preclinical fields. PET/CT and SPECT/CT studies, for instance, generally provide more information than the same imaging modalities taken separately. This synergistic effect, obtained by combining anatomical and functional information, also would be desirable for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a nonionizing modality that provides excellent spatial resolution and soft-tissue contrast. The development of a PET/MRI or SPECT/MRI system however represents a significant technological challenge, in part due to the effect of the strong MRI magnetic field on the PET/SPECT detection subsystem. This environment complicates the use of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and rather favors solid-state detection technologies. As a proof of principle, we have studied the behavior of a MR-compatible CdZnTe (CZT) detector, a room-temperature semiconductor already used in some SPECT systems. The detector, made from a single 5x5x2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> CZT crystal, was coupled to a Cremat CR-110 preamplifier with nonmagnetic connectors. The whole detector/preamplifier assembly was tested within a static magnetic field while the radiation detector electronics remained outside the magnet room. We measured the energy resolution of the detector from <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">57</sup> Co spectra both inside and outside the magnet. The results suggest that the static magnetic field does not affect the energy resolution of the CZT detector, making it a good candidate for the development of a MRI device combining a nuclear medicine imaging subsystem.
Synthesis and Characterization of Water-Soluble Dendronized Chitosan Using Newkome-Type Dendrons (2014)

With increasing emphasis on environmental care and use of renewable resources, simple and effective dendronization processes were performed to obtain chitosan derivatives. We present different alternatives for the modification of chitosan: dendronization with a biocompatible dendron; a quaternization process with an ammonium salt, which confers a permanent positive charge to the polymer; and a combination of methodologies allowing amphiphilic polymers. This process confers unique multivalent properties to the native chitosan, and further modifications reach multivalent water-soluble polymers. Hence, the most important highlight of this work is the use of renewable natural polymers and the different methodologies applied to nontoxic solvents with low temperatures. The process described in this paper represents a sustainable alternative for obtaining a functionalized material with properties suitable for application in different areas, such as biomedicine or environmental remediation.
Muscle strength in elderly adults with GH deficiency after 10 years of GH replacement (2010)

Ten years of GH replacement therapy in elderly GHD adults resulted in a transient increase in isometric knee flexor strength, and provided protection from most of the normal age-related decline in muscle performance and neuromuscular function.
A frequency-domain SQUID multiplexer for arrays of transition-edge superconducting sensors (2003)

We describe the development of a frequency-domain multiplexer (MUX) to read out arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TES). Fabrication of large-format arrays of these sensors is becoming practical; however, reading out each sensor in the array is a major instrumental challenge. Frequency-domain multiplexing can greatly simplify the instrumentation of large arrays by reducing the number of SQUID's (superconducting quantum interference devices) and wires to the low temperature stages. Each sensor is AC biased at a different frequency, ranging from 380 kHz to 1 MHz. Each sensor signal amplitude-modulates its respective AC bias frequency. An LC filter associated with each sensor suppresses Johnson noise from the other sensors. The signals are combined at a current summing node and measured by a single SQUID. The individual signals from each sensor are then lock-in detected by room temperature electronics. Test chips with fully lithographed LC filters for up to 32 channels have been designed and fabricated. The capacitance and inductance values have been measured and are close to the design goals. We discuss the basic principles of frequency-domain multiplexing, the design and testing of the test chips, and the implementation of a practical system.
Nanoscale interaction of RecG with mobile fork DNA (2020)

The RecG DNA helicase is a guardian of the bacterial genome where it dominates stalled DNA replication fork rescue. The single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) is involved in this process and promotes the binding of RecG to stalled replication forks. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the interaction of RecG and SSB on a mobile fork substrate capable of being regressed. In the absence of proteins, the fork undergoes spontaneous dynamics between two states defined by the length of the DNA complementarity at the fork. Binding of SSB does not affect these dynamics as it binds to single-stranded regions as expected. In contrast, RecG interacts with the two states quite differently. We demonstrate that RecG has two modes of interaction with fork DNA in the presence of SSB and ATP. In the first mode, RecG translocates over the duplex region and this activity is defined by SSB-mediated remodeling of the helicase. In the second mode, RecG utilizes its helicase activity to regress the fork, in an ATP-dependent manner, displacing SSB on the ssDNA. Overall, our results highlight two functions of RecG that can be employed in the regulation of stalled DNA replication fork rescue.
Developments in High Performance Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors for the Oilfield (1999)

Abstract In recent years the oil production industry has recognised the need to minimise the environmental impact of production chemicals that are used offshore. In response to this need several novel classes of corrosion inhibitor chemistry have been developed that demonstrate more environmentally friendly toxicity profiles. Our approach has been to screen potential intermediates derived from a large synthetic programme for both corrosion performance and toxicity to marine organisms using industry standard protocols. The resultant products show not only improved performance over conventional chemistry, but are less toxic, more easily biodegraded, and are less likely to bioaccumulate.
αE-catenin inhibits a Src–YAP1 oncogenic module that couples tyrosine kinases and the effector of Hippo signaling pathway (2016)

Cell-cell adhesion protein αE-catenin inhibits skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development; however, the mechanisms responsible for this function are not completely understood. We report here that αE-catenin inhibits β4 integrin-mediated activation of SRC tyrosine kinase.SRCis the first discovered oncogene, but the protein substrate critical for SRC-mediated transformation has not been identified. We found that YAP1, the pivotal effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, is a direct SRC phosphorylation target, and YAP1 phosphorylation at three sites in its transcription activation domain is necessary for SRC-YAP1-mediated transformation. We uncovered a marked increase in this YAP1 phosphorylation in human and mouse SCC tumors with low/negative expression of αE-catenin. We demonstrate that the tumor suppressor function of αE-catenin involves negative regulation of the β4 integrin-SRC signaling pathway and that SRC-mediated phosphorylation and activation of YAP1 are an alternative to the canonical Hippo signaling pathway that directly connect oncogenic tyrosine kinase signaling with YAP1.
Engine Concept Study for an Advanced Single-Aisle Transport (2013)

The desire for higher engine efficiency has resulted in the evolution of aircraft gas turbine engines from turbojets, to low bypass ratio, first generation turbofans, to today's high bypass ratio turbofans. Although increased bypass ratio has clear benefits in terms of propulsion system metrics such as specific fuel consumption, these benefits may not translate into aircraft system level benefits due to integration penalties. In this study, the design trade space for advanced turbofan engines applied to a single aisle transport (737/A320 class aircraft) is explored. The benefits of increased bypass ratio and associated enabling technologies such as geared fan drive are found to depend on the primary metrics of interest. For example, bypass ratios at which mission fuel consumption is minimized may not require geared fan technology. However, geared fan drive does enable higher bypass ratio designs which result in lower noise. The results of this study indicate the potential for the advanced aircraft to realize substantial improvements in fuel efficiency, emissions, and noise compared to the current vehicles in this size class.
Excitation Wavelength Dependent Interfacial Charge Transfer Dynamics in a CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Film (2018)

Elucidation of interfacial charge separation and recombination mechanisms is crucial to improve performance of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells. Here, we have investigated influence of initially populated electron and hole potential levels in a perovskite conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB), respectively, by altering an excitation wavelength on interfacial charge separation and recombination dynamics in a CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film sandwiched by a mesoporous TiO2 structure as an electron transport material (ETM) and a spiro-OMeTAD film as a hole transport material (HTM). Multi-phasic electron injection reactions are observed over <1.2 to several tens of nanoseconds, while most of holes are injected to a spiro-OMeTAD layer within the transient emission spectroscopy instrument response time (1.2 ns). In contrast, interfacial charge recombination rates are slower (from 5 ms to 1.3 s) with the increase of the excitation wavelength. These kinetics suggest that as long as low excitation intensity is employed, e.g. 10 nJ/cm2 or 1 sun (100 mW/cm2), the APCE of ~100% can be expected at any excitation wavelength for the solar cells based on FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/MAPbI3/OMeTAD films.
Syntheses and reactivity studies of solvated dirhenium acetonitrile complexes (2006)

Fully and partially solvated triply-bonded [Re2]4+ complexes have been synthesized and their X-ray structures are described. A fully solvated dirhenium salt with BArf [tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate] as the counter anion [Re2(CH3CN)10][BArf]4 () has been characterized. The solubility of the complex in CH2Cl2 and THF in addition to CH3CN offers the possibility of improved reactivity. The structure of [Re2(micro-O)(CH3CN)10][BF4]4 () that possesses a linear [Re(III)-O-Re(III)]4+ unit is reported. Protonation reactions of cis-Re2Cl2(dppm)2(O2CCH3)2 and trans-Re2Cl4(dppm)2 with HBF4.Et2O in acetonitrile afforded cis and trans [Re2(dppm)2(CH3CN)6][BF4]4 ( and ), respectively. Prolonging the reaction time, however, does not lead to fully solvated complex [Re2(CH3CN)10][BF4]4. The neutral nitrogen donor ligands pynp (2-(2-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine) and tznp (2-(2-thiazolyl)-1,8-naphthyridine) react readily with [Re2(CH3CN)10][BF4]4 to provide trans-[Re2(pynp)2(CH3CN)4][BF4]4 and trans-[Re2(tznp)2(CH3CN)4][BF4]4. The X-ray structures trans-[Re2(pynp)2(CH3CN)4][BF4]4 () and trans-[Re2(tznp)2(CH3CN)4][BF4]3[PF6] () have been determined.
The first component of human complement (1976)

1. Procedures for partial purification of C1 and Cī are described and methods for the isolation of subcomponents C1r and C1s from C1 and Cī preparations have been developed. 2.1. Structural studies of C1r derived from C1 and Cī have shown that C1r, like C1s, exists in serum as a proenzyme, which is activated by limited proteolysis. 2.2. C1r and C1s are both single polypeptide-chain zymogens of 83,000 molecular weight with similar amino acid compositions. They are distinct in carbohydrate composition and antigenic properties. Activation of C1r and C1s occurs without loss of glycopeptides but loss of small peptides may occur. 2.3. C1r̄ and C1s̄ bind one mole of DFP per mole of protein. The amino acid sequences of the first 20 residues of the 26,000 molecular weight diisopropylphosphate-binding polypeptide chains of C1r̄ and C1s̄ show a high degree of sequence identity with corresponding regions of serine proteases such as trypsin and plasmin. C1r̄ and C1s̄ are therefore identified as serine proteaces of similar size and structure to plasmin. The structure and mode of activation of C1r and C1s and other serine protease zymogens are compared. 3.1. The enzymic activities of C1r̄ and C1s̄ have been investigated. C1r̄ cleaves C1s but did not hydrolyse any synthetic substrate tested. C1s̄ cleaves C2 and C4 and hydrolyses several amino acid esters. The proteolytic specificities of C1r̄ and C1s̄ are discussed. 3.2. Rapid and convenient assays for C1r̄ and C1s̄, suitable for kinetic studies of zymogen activation, have been developed. 4.1. The interactions of C1q, in solution or bound to antibody-antigen complexes, with C1r and C1s have been examined. 4.2. In solution, C1r and C1s form strong Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent complexes containing 2C1r + 2C1s molecules, or 4C1r + 4C1s molecules. C1r, C1s and the C1r-C1s complexes interact weakly with C1q. 4.3. When C1q is bound to immune complexes, C1r and C1r-C1s complexes bind strongly to C1q. C1s does not bind to C1q in the absence of C1r 4.4. Activation of C1r and C1s does not appear to alter their binding affinity for other subcomponents either in solution or when bound to antibody-antigen. 5.1. Spontaneous activation of C1r and C1s in solution has been studied. C1s does not activate autocatalytically. Absolute stability of C1r preparations was not observed, but it is concluded that auto-activation of C1r does not contribute significantly to the instability of C1r. 5.2. When fixed to antibody-antigen-C1q complexes, C1r does not activate unless C1s is also present. The effect of C1s on C1r activation does not require C1s̄ enzymic activity and it is apparent that C1s fulfills a binding requirement. 5.3. The mechanism of activation of C1 on interaction with immune complexes is discussed.
Ubiquitous access to real-time patient monitoring data (2002)

The increased availability of standardised, networked computers in hospitals has enabled departments to digitally transport information, such as digital angiographic images. Medical vendors have also increased their efforts to: use standard (hospital) network for communication between their devices as a means for sharing data with hospital applications. The Thoraxcentrum in Rotterdam has worked closely with Siemens EMG to develop a gateway, which can be used to access the vital signs from Siemens' patient monitors. This gateway system has been used as the basis of a number of projects, including a remote bedside viewer and an MIT DB-compatible data collector.
Prediction-based superpage-friendly TLB designs (2015)

This work demonstrates that a set of commercial and scale-out applications exhibit significant use of superpages and thus suffer from the fixed and small superpage TLB structures of some modern core designs. Other processors better cope with superpages at the expense of using power-hungry and slow fully-associative TLBs. We consider alternate designs that allow all pages to freely share a single, power-efficient and fast set-associative TLB. We propose a prediction-guided multi-grain TLB design that uses a superpage prediction mechanism to avoid multiple lookups in the common case. In addition, we evaluate the previously proposed skewed TLB [1] which builds on principles similar to those used in skewed associative caches [2]. We enhance the original skewed TLB design by using page size prediction to increase its effective associativity. Our prediction-based multi-grain TLB design delivers more hits and is more power efficient than existing alternatives. The predictor uses a 32-byte prediction table indexed by base register values.
Formation of Group 4 Metallocene-Enolate⋅B(C6F5)3 Adducts and Their Role as Initiators in the Rapid Polymerization of the Functionalized Olefin Methyl vinyl ketone (1998)

The strong Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 adds to the bis(enolate)-Group 4 metallocenes 1 to give the adducts 2. Complex 1/B(C6F5)3 mixtures, especially in an overstoichiometric ratio, provide very active catalysts for the polymerization of methyl vinyl ketone.