gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of frequency and magnitude of head impacts between Pee Wee And Bantam youth ice hockey (2020)

The purpose of this research was to compare the frequency and magnitude of head impact events between Pee Wee and Bantam ice hockey players. Videos of Pee Wee and Bantam boys' ice hockey were analysed to determine the frequency and type of head impact events. The head impact events were then reconstructed in the laboratory using physical and finite element models to determine the magnitude of strain in the brain tissues. The results showed that Pee Wee boys experienced more head impacts from elbows and boards, while Bantam players had more head impacts to the glass. Pee Wee and Bantam players experienced similar frequency and magnitudes of very low, low, and medium and above (med+) levels of strain to the brain. This research suggests to ice hockey leagues and coaches that to reduce the incidence of these levels of brain trauma, consideration must be given to either reducing the level of contact along the boards or the removal of body checking. In addition, companies who innovate in ice hockey should develop protective devices and equipment strategies that aim to reduce the risk of head injury from shoulder and glass impacts for Bantam players.
Microvascular Composites for Thermal Management (2014)

Manned and unmanned aircraft are commonly manufactured from lightweight composite materials, replacing heavier metallic aircraft materials. Here, we describe a collaborative industrial-academic effort to develop novel microvascular composites that offer thermal and structural multifunctionality via embedded micro-capillary array-based heat exchangers for thermal management embedded within aerospace-grade carbon prepreg material. The current research establishes a route to create prepreg materials suitable for heat exchanger network manufacture by automated fiber placement processes. Potential network geometries are investigated with analytical fluid models to predict flow characteristics and heat distribution for pre-defined heat exchanger configurations within a carbon composite panel. Based on these predictions, two geometries are fabricated for thermal management experiments. The mechanical effect of the embedded microvascular networks on the panel structural properties is also investigated analytically.
ANALYSIS OF PIXEL T2 IN MRI IMAGES OF MUSCLES EXERCISED AT MODERATE VS. HIGH INTENSITY. (1998)

1331 Many studies show a good correlation between exercise intensity and the T2 increase measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the recruited muscles. One method for analyzing such T2 data is to define a threshold pixel T2 based on histogram analysis of a resting image, and count pixels which exceed this threshold during exercise as “active muscle”. This method suggests that some pixels become “active” at lower exercise intensities than others, and therefore implies a non-random distribution of motor unit fibers across the muscle. If this is correct, then the pixel-to-pixel variance of T2 values ought to be larger after moderate exercise compared to at rest or after more intense exercise, since moderate intensity exercise should recruit some motor units but not others. Therefore, we examined the variance of pixel T2's in 3 muscles (Quadriceps, Ant. Tibialis, and Biceps Brachii) of healthy subjects (3 male, 2 female, 18-46 yrs old) at rest, after exercise to fatigue (50% 1RM @ 20/min to failure=MAX), and at ½ MAX (25% 1RM, same number of repetitions). Although for each muscle there was a linear relationship between exercise intensity and mean pixel T2, there was no significant change in pixel-to-pixel variance between exercise intensities. We conclude that the histogram method of computing“active muscle area” from MR images is not justified.
In vivo and in vitro effects of salbutamol on alveolar epithelial repair in acute lung injury (2007)

Our in vivo and in vitro work suggests that salbutamol may stimulate epithelial repair--potentially a pharmacological first in ARDS. Clearly establishing the mechanisms and pathways responsible for this is important for the future, and may allow identification of novel therapeutic targets to promote alveolar epithelial repair in humans with ARDS.
Lead‐Free Thermoelectrics: High Figure of Merit in p‐type AgSnmSbTem+2 (2011)

Abstract Thermoelectric materials based on Pb‐free compositions are of considerable current interest in environmentally friendly power‐generation applications derived from waste‐heat sources. Here, a new study of the thermoelectric properties of the tin‐based compositions with the general formula AgSn m SbTe m+2 ( m = 2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18) is presented, where the m value is used as the tuning parameter of the thermoelectric properties. The electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity are measured from 300 K to 723 K and the resulting thermoelectric figure of merit is determined as a function of the SnTe/AgSbTe 2 ratio. A thermoelectric figure of merit ZT ≈1 is obtained at 710 K for m = 4, indicating that the system AgSn m SbTe m+2 holds great promise as an alternative p‐type, lead‐free, thermoelectric material.
Learning from Logged Implicit Exploration Data (2010)

We provide a sound and consistent foundation for the use of \emph{nonrandom} exploration data in "contextual bandit" or "partially labeled" settings where only the value of a chosen action is learned. The primary challenge in a variety of settings is that the exploration policy, in which "offline" data is logged, is not explicitly known. Prior solutions here require either control of the actions during the learning process, recorded random exploration, or actions chosen obliviously in a repeated manner. The techniques reported here lift these restrictions, allowing the learning of a policy for choosing actions given features from historical data where no randomization occurred or was logged. We empirically verify our solution on two reasonably sized sets of real-world data obtained from Yahoo!.
Structure of a cyclopalladated complex, [PdCl(C37H32N)] (1994)

In the structure of chloro {4-[2-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl]-1,2,3,4-tetraphenyl-(3,4-η)-buta-1,3-dienyl-C 1 , N}palladium(II), (1), the Pd atom is surrounded by five atoms [C(1), C(3), C(4), Cl and N], but if the midpoint of the ligand C(3) = C(4) bond is considered as a coordination site, the environment around the Pd atom is nearly square planar
Oxygen‐17 NMR study on substituted α, α, α‐trifluoroacetophenones (1989)

Abstract An excellent linear correlation of oxygen‐17 substituent chemical shifts (SCS) for twelve α, α, α‐trifluoroacetophenones with single σ + constants, δ = 24·6σ + + 556·3 (correlation coefficient 0·998) has been observed. However, from this plot, an SCS of 34·3 ppm for 1,1,1‐trifluoroacetone will give a corresponding σ + (γ + ) value of 1·44 for a methyl group, which is not in agreement with 0·63–0·79 obtained from solvolytic rate data.
일반품질연구 : 말콤 볼드리지 모형을 이용한 2차 의료기관의 전사적 품질관리와 성과 간의 인과관계 연구 (2015)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to lay groundwork for future research on the outcomes of national quality awards for secondary-care healthcare organizations. Methods: For this study, a secondary-care hospital was selected through a convenience sampling method and all of its organizational members participated in complete enumeration survey using 109 survey questions derived from the MBNQA criteria for healthcare through structural equation modeling (SEM) Results: As a result, Leadership was shown to drive Foundation and Direction, which affect System that creates Results with 12 hypotheses supported out of 18 hypotheses established. Conclusion: The findings of this study will provide valuable implications to the top management of secondary- care hospitals for self-examining quality management and promoting sustainable competitiveness.
Vuzik (2014)

Bringing the body more fully into interaction has attracted attention as research now looks to combines body, mind, cognition and emotion when people interact with a digital environment. This paper describes a user study comparing Vuzik -- an application where the user manipulates, arranges, and composes music with painting interaction akin to that used when standing at an easel, to a traditional, GUI based musical interface. Vuzik aims to promote creative musical experiences in children by allowing the child's actions and movements as he/she paints on a large display resembling a canvas using a palette and brush or finger to control musical parameters interactively. In a study conducted with fourteen elementary school children, we found that when compared to a more WIMP-based traditional tool, Vuzik promoted larger scale gestures, ease of learning, and the formation of a broader overall understanding of their musical creation.
Shear-Based Model for Electron Transport in Hybrid Hall Thruster Simulations (2008)

An electron cross-field transport model based on instantaneous simulated plasma properties is incorporated into a radial-axial hybrid simulation of a Hall plasma thruster. The model is used to capture the reduction of fluctuation-based anomalous transport that is seen experimentally in the region of high axial shear in the electron fluid. Similar transport barriers are observed by the magnetic confinement fusion community due to shear suppression of plasma turbulence through an increase in the decorrelation rate of plasma eddies. The model assumes that the effective Hall parameter can be computed as the sum of the classical term, a near-wall conductivity term, and a fluctuation-based term that includes the effect of shear. A comparison is made between shear-based, experimental, and Bohm-type models for cross-field transport. Although the shear-based model predicts a wider transport barrier than experimentally observed, overall, it better predicts measured plasma properties than the Bohm model, particularly in the case of electron temperature and electric potential. The shear-based transport model also better predicts the breathing-mode oscillations and time-averaged discharge current than both the Bohm and experimental mobility models. The plasma property that is most sensitive to adjustment of the fitting parameters used in the shear-based model is the plasma density. Applications of these fitting parameters in other operating conditions and thruster geometries are examined in order to determine the robustness and portability of the model. Without changing the fitting parameters, the simulation was able to reproduce macroscopic properties, such as thrust and efficiency, of an SPT-100-type thruster within 30% and match qualitative expectations for a bismuth-fueled Hall thruster.
Analysis and synthesis of facial image sequences in model-based image coding (1994)

This paper proposes new methods for analyzing image sequences and updating textures of the three-dimensional (3-D) facial model. It also describes a method for synthesizing various facial expressions. These three methods are the key technologies for the model-based image coding system. The input image analysis technique directly and robustly estimates the 3-D head motions and the facial expressions without any two-dimensional (2-D) entity correspondences. This technique resolves the 2-D correspondence mismatch errors and provides quality reproduction of the original images by fully incorporating the synthesis rules. To verify the analysis algorithm, the paper performs quantitative and subjective evaluations. It presents two methods for updating the texture of the facial model to improve the quality of the synthesized images. The first method focuses on the facial parts with large change of brightness according to the various facial expressions for reducing the transmission bit rates. The second method focuses on all changes of brightness caused by the 3-D head motions as well as the facial expressions. The transmission bit rates are estimated according to the update methods. For synthesizing the output images, it describes rules that simulate the facial muscular actions because the muscles cause the facial expressions. These rules more easily synthesize the high-quality facial images that represent the various facial expressions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Structural Influence on the Photochromic Response of a Series of Ruthenium Mononitrosyl Complexes (2012)

In mononitrosyl complexes of transition metals two long-lived metastable states corresponding to linkage isomers of the nitrosyl ligand can be induced by irradiation with appropriate wavelengths. Upon irradiation, the N-bound nitrosyl ligand (ground state, GS) turns into two different conformations: isonitrosyl O bound for the metastable state 1 (MS1) and a side-on nitrosyl conformation for the metastable state 2 (MS2). Structural and spectroscopic investigations on [RuCl(NO)py(4)](PF(6))(2)·1/2H(2)O (py = pyridine) reveal a nearly 100% conversion from GS to MS1. In order to identify the factors which lead to this outstanding photochromic response we study in this work the influence of counteranions, trans ligands to the NO and equatorial ligands on the conversion efficiency: [RuX(NO)py(4)]Y(2)·nH(2)O (X = Cl and Y = PF(6)(-) (1), BF(4)(-) (2), Br(-)(3), Cl(-) (4); X = Br and Y = PF(6)(-) (5), BF(4)(-) (6), Br(-)(7)) and [RuCl(NO)bpy(2)](PF(6))(2) (8), [RuCl(2)(NO)tpy](PF(6)) (9), and [Ru(H(2)O)(NO)bpy(2)](PF(6))(3) (10) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; tpy = 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine). Structural and infrared spectroscopic investigations show that the shorter the distance between the counterion and the NO ligand the higher the population of the photoinduced metastable linkage isomers. DFT calculations have been performed to confirm the influence of the counterions. Additionally, we found that the lower the donating character of the ligand trans to NO the higher the photoconversion yield.
Real-time Ethernet POWERLINK Communication for ROS. Part II. Hardware and Software (2020)

This research is focused on the integration of Ethernet POWERLINK (EPL) fieldbus with the Robotic Operating System (ROS) for real-time control tasks. In the first part of the research latencies and jitter introduced by the Linux operating system, ROS and the openPOWERLINK stack were analyzed and general concept of the novel EPL and ROS integration solution was introduced. In this part, we propose novel FPGA-based hardware for Ethernet POWERLINK resynchronization (ReSync board), which reduces jitter from the openPOWERLINK stack working in user-space and achieve low level of Start of Cycle frame jitter. Additionally corresponding software support for ReSync board and Application Programming Interface (API) is discussed. Finnally the results of experimental studies show, that proposed solutions allows achieve jitter below 15 microseconds in high-speed applications with a cycle of 10 ms or less on a low-performance hardware. Thus, proposed hardware solution is suitable for the most tasks in robot's control systems, including even motor control for the applications, which do not require very high dynamics.
Freedom‐to‐operate analysis of a transgenic multivitamin corn variety (2015)

In this article, we explore the intellectual property (IP) landscape relevant to the production and commercialization of Carolight(™) , a transgenic multivitamin corn variety created on humanitarian grounds to address micronutrient deficiencies in low-and-middle-income countries. The successful production of this variety requires IP rights risk management because there is a strong protection on inventions and processes via patent portfolios in both developing and industrialized countries. The IP framework is complex, and specialist patent lawyers are usually employed to perform such analysis, but the costs cannot always be met by small, publicly funded projects. We report an alternative strategy, a do-it-yourself patent analysis, to produce a review with limited legal value that can nevertheless lay the foundations for a subsequent more in-depth professional freedom-to-operate opinion.
ChemInform Abstract: Ein neues Verfahren zur Herstellung von 3‐Cyan‐3,4‐dihydropyridin‐2(1H)‐thionen. (1985)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von Ketonen (I) mit Cyanthioacetamid (III) und aromatischen Aldehyden (II) in Gegenwart von Piperidin werden die Dihydropyridinthione (IV )gebildet.
A Service Profile-Aware Control Plane with a Comparison to IETF & ITU Approaches (2006)

Existing Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and International Telecommunications Union (ITU) optical control plane models do not consider the service profile layer when establishing network connections, this work proposes the novel concept of a Service Profile-Aware (SPA) control plane model that is superior to existing models. SPA includes a full realization of the multi-granularity network resources, and considers services' architectures and their associated service profile feature set. Detailed comparison between the three control plane models were considered from multiple dimensions including traffic management scheme, components level interaction between (service profile, control plane, network infrastructure) layers, and network infrastructure realization from both horizontal "network domains" and vertical "resource granularity and network partitions" perspective. The service models were analyzed based on their service profile parameters from both an architectural and performance perspective. Mathematical analysis of the three control plane models was performed using multi-instance Fixed Point Approximation (FPA). The performance analysis of the new SPA traffic management schemes found a significant increase in service allowed load while maintaining lower service blocking probability and network utilization as compared to the IETF and ITU control plane models.
Total marrow irradiation (TMI) with helical tomotherapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell rescue (PBPC) following high-dose melphalan (Mel) and PBPC as part of tandem autologous transplant (TAT) for patients with multiple myeloma. (2015)

8581 Background: Ablative dose total body irradiation (TBI) of 800 cGy in combination with high-dose melphalan (MEL) was found to be too toxic. TMI, an image-guided targeted TBI using TomoTherapy intensity modulated radiotherapy , given as the sole ablative regimen for the second cycle (C) of TAT was tested in patients (pts) with stable (SD)/responsive MM, in a phase I-II trial. Here we provide long-term update on outcome. Methods: We enrolled pts with Durie-Salmon stages (DS) I-III MM in response or with SD, who were ≤ 70 years old and ≤ 18 months from diagnosis. Pts received MEL 200 mg/m2 and AT (C 1), and, after recovery, TMI (MTD : 1600 cGy) and AT (C 2) followed by maintenance with dexamethasone and an IMiD. Results: 54 pts started treatment (23 F/31M). The median age was 54 years (31-67). DS stages were:I (N = 4), II (N = 18), III (N = 32). 44 of the 54 pts received TMI (28 of 36 pts enrolled at the MTD received TMI). 10 pts did not receive TMI due to post-MEL toxicities or pt or doctor’s choice. The median time between MEL and TMI was 65 days (range 47-125). All pts engrafted. 9/54 (17%) experienced febrile neutropenia (FN) following MEL, and 8/44 (18%) experienced FN after TMI; less frequent grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic toxicities were similar between MEL and TMI. Best responses included CR (N = 22, of which 3 were in CR prior to MEL), very good partial response (VGPR, N = 8, of which 2 were in VGPR prior to MEL) and PR or SD (N = 14). Median follow-up of alive pts is 73 months (27-117). Second malignancies included 2 skin, 1 breast, 1 thyroid carcinoma, and 1 acute myeloid leukemia. In intent-to-treat analysis median PFS for the 54 pts is 52 months (95% CI 34.4-NR), and median OS is not reached. PFS and OS at 5 years is 43% (95% CI 31-59) and 66% (95% CI 54-81), respectively. For pts enrolled at 1600cGy, the PFS and OS at 5 years were 48% (34-69) and 73% (59-90). Conclusions: TMI of 1600 cGy is feasible following MEL in MM patients. The long-term safety and PFS/OS are encouraging, and further assessment of TMI is warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT00112827.
Modeling and Rendering of Heterogeneous Granular Materials: Granite Application (2007)

Abstract Light‐matter interactions is one of the most important factors of realistic rendering. While a lot of work has already been performed in the light transport and simulation area, we believe that “virtual materials” have not yet been studied enough to achieve a high degree of realism. Some good models exist in order to take into account homogeneous materials. However, there are only a few studies of heterogeneous granular materials. In this paper, we propose a method based on mimicking natural phenomena to take into account these materials. Our study focuses on granite, which can be considered as a heterogeneous agglomerate of individually homogeneous grains. First we present a nucleation/growth process inspired technique giving a full 3D model of granite. Then, we use a rendering process taking into account each material component and subsurface scattering in a simple way .
Mathematical modeling of morphological changes in photochromic crystals by catastrophe theory (2023)

Photochromic diarylethene is known to exhibit reversible photoisomerization under irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. Besides reversible optical properties upon light irradiation, a variety of discontinuous morphological changes of the crystals are reported in the literature, such as sudden crystal bending, cracking, and photosalient effects, which are caused simply by UV and visible light irradiation. These morphological phenomena with discontinuities are micro-scale changes caused by photoisomerization of molecules at the nanoscale and lead to the realization of important functions for optical devices. However, the theoretical models behind these phenomena are not well understood. In this paper, we construct a mathematical model that can treat diverse phenomena in a unified model by using swallow-tail catastrophe, a higher-order catastrophe than cusp catastrophe, from the seven elementary catastrophes that can describe discontinuities in the phenomena. By introducing hyperbolic operating curves in the model, the intrinsic properties of the photochromic crystals are represented. The induced morphogenesis, such as bending, cracking, and photosalient effects, are systematically classified by the proposed catastrophe model, which even implies the possibility of unexplored operating conditions of the crystals and explains known phenomena. The proposed catastrophe-theory-based modeling provides a foundation for understanding and discovering the versatile morphogenesis in photochromic crystals. Furthermore, the proposed approach provides a basis for understanding and discovering various morphological changes in photochromic crystals and similar systems.
Porphyrin-like fluorescence in oral cancer (1999)

Seventy-eight oral carcinomas, including ACCs and recurrent SCCs, were examined using the NEAD system. When exposed to UV light at a wavelength of 410 nm, 85% of the carcinomas showed porphyrin-like fluorescence spectra, whereas the normal mucosa in the oral cavity did not. Porphyrin-like fluorescent compounds were extracted from oral carcinomas and separated by a CE system equipped with a fluorescence detector. The CE data clearly show that compounds vary in each individual carcinoma.