gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Centralized Online Correcting Method of Schedule for Voltage Control Equipment Considering Load Fluctuation (2000)

The control of power system networks will become more and more difficult due to installation of new facilities and uneven distribution of loads and generation. In particular, keeping voltage profile at desired value is becoming main problem in power system control because large voltage fluctuation at the substation bus occurs very frequently which makes the power system more and more unstable. In this paper, voltage reactive power controlling method based on time schedule control of shunt reactor and static capacitor is presented. This approach corrects the time schedule of voltage control equipment according to the fluctuation of voltage comparing with the result of power system state forecasting. This approach is evaluated with small scale and whole power system, and the results show that this proposed method successfully reduces amount of voltage violation and transmission power loss comparing with real data.
Synchronization of coupled single-electron circuits based on nanoparticles and tunneling junctions (2009)

We explore theoretically the synchronization properties of a device composed of coupled single-electron circuits whose building blocks are nanoparticles interconnected with tunneling junctions. Elementary nanoscillators can be achieved by a single-electron tunneling cell where the relaxation oscillation is induced by the tunneling. We develop a model to describe the synchronization of the nanoscillators and present sample calculations to demonstrate that the idea is feasible and could readily find applications. Instead of considering a particular system, we analyze the general properties of the device making use of an ideal model that emphasizes the essential characteristics of the concept. We define an order parameter for the system as a whole and demonstrate phase synchronization for sufficiently high values of the coupling resistance.
Lists (2002)

Lists are perhaps the most simple and most commonly used data structure. We use them in everyday activities (e.g., a grocery list). Formally, a list is an ordered sequence of vertices where associated with each vertex is a data item and a next vertex.
Investigation of the morphology and elemental composition of the silicon-containing calcium phosphate coating treated by intensive pulsed electron beam (2014)

The surface of titanium substrate with calcium phosphate (CaP) coating prepared by RF magnetron sputtering was treated by a pulsed electron beam with an energy density of 0.8-8 J/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . A partial or complete intermixing of the surface layers of the system CaP-titanium was observed. Significant changes in the topography of the formed surfaces were revealed. Treatment conditions with an energy density of 0.8 and 3 J/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> led to the thermal annealing of the coating. The use of beam parameters with an energy density of 6.5 and 8 J/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> led to the partial vaporization and intermixing of the coating with a titanium matrix.
Kidney transplantation at the Charité: long tradition, elderly patients and the duration of hospitalization. (2002)

Since the sixties kidneys have been transplanted successfully at the 2 predecessors of today's transplant center at the Charité. So far, 1,290 kidneys were transplanted resulting in 89.8% overall graft survival at one year and 78.6% at 5 years. Several factors were associated with these results. Ischemia times were very short (11.9 +/- 7.3 hours). Patients with diabetic nephropathy were rarely transplanted without combined pancreas transplantation. Combined with a pancreas transplantation, kidney grafts fared even better than those of non-diabetic patients. The share of living donation is still rising and is associated with a better outcome than cadaveric grafts. In contrast, the effect of HLA mismatches was not very pronounced. Zero- and one-mismatch transplantations had a clear benefit over those with 2-3 mismatches, but higher numbers of mismatches did not lead to worse results. To expand the donor pool with kidneys from old donors (> 64 years) we participate in the Eurotransplant Senior Program (ESP) where these kidneys are allocated locally to recipients aged 65 years and older without HLA matching. The ischemia times for ESP kidneys were shorter (7.3 +/- 3.0 hours) but transplants were less well matched (4.2 +/- 2.1 mismatches). Graft survival was not different from controls aged 60 years and older who received a kidney from a donor under age 65. The ESP patients do not require prolonged hospitalization for transplantation (30.6 +/- 14.6 days versus 35.3 +/- 26.0 days in patients below 60 years). With the introduction of the ESP the number of transplantations in recipients aged 60 years and above have risen considerably.
Substrate and Dipole Effects in Metal-Molecule-Semiconductor Heterostructures (2006)

Metal/Molecule/Semiconductor (MMS) devices have been fabricated and electrically characterized. Measured current-voltage data has been compared to calculated electrostatic properties of the devices. We present an analysis method that explores how substrate properties and molecular dipoles affect transport in MMS structures.
Predictors of Lane‐Change Errors in Older Drivers (2010)

The current findings underscore the importance of specific cognitive skills, particularly auditory attention and visual perception, in the execution of driving maneuvers in older individuals.
A Two-Terminal Bistable Electrothermally Actuated Microswitch (2019)

An improved design of an electrothermally actuated two-terminal bistable microswitch is the focus of this paper. The proposed design has bimodal bistability which is obtained by using a pair of arches, a V-beam electrothermal actuator, and a novel initially retracting actuator. All these elements are monolithically integrated in a single planar releasable layer. The salient feature of the design is the usage of only a single pair of electrodes to switch between ON and OFF states, even though there are two actuators. In order to reduce the stress, the two actuators are mechanically decoupled but are electrically coupled to satisfy the two-terminal actuation. The switch design is experimentally verified by realizing on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer using a single-layer micro-fabrication technique. An actuation voltage of 11.8 V with 200-ms pulse-width, drives the switch from OFF to ON state and a 50-ms pulse of the same voltage across the same terminals, brings it back.
The Impact of Strict Public Health Measures on COVID-19 Transmission in Developing Countries: The Case of Kuwait (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Many countries have succeeded in curbing the initial outbreak of COVID-19 by imposing strict public health control measures. However, little is known about the effectiveness of such control measures in curbing the outbreak in developing countries. In this study, we seek to assess the impact of various outbreak control measures in Kuwait to gain more insight into the outbreak progression and the associated healthcare burden. <b>Methods:</b> We use a SEIR mathematical model to simulate the first wave of the epidemic outbreak of COVID-19 in Kuwait with additional testing and hospitalization compartments. We calibrate our model by using a NBD observational framework for confirmed case and death counts. We simulate trajectories of model forecasts and assess the effectiveness of public health interventions by using maximum likelihood to estimate both the basic and effective reproduction numbers. <b>Results:</b> Our results indicate that the early strict control measures had the effect of delaying the intensity of the outbreak but were unsuccessful in reducing the effective reproduction number below 1. Forecasted model trajectories suggest a need to expand the healthcare system capacity to cope with the associated epidemic burden of such ineffectiveness. <b>Conclusion:</b> Strict public health interventions may not always lead to the same desired outcomes, particularly when population and demographic factors are not accounted for as in the case in some developing countries. Real-time dynamic modeling can provide an early assessment of the impact of such control measures as well as a forecasting tool to support outbreak surveillance and the associated healthcare expansion planning.
Probabilistic leakage power estimation of Partially-Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) gates (2007)

This paper presents a novel probability based analysis for leakage power estimation of Partially-Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (PD-SOI) circuits. The proposed leakage power estimation algorithms is implemented in C language, and the proposed methodology is tested by ISCAS85 benchmark circuits designed in 100nm SOI technology. The results show that the error is within 4% compared with Hspice Monte Carlo simulation results.
Throughput Gains of Space-Time Scheduling with no CSI (2007)

Traditional works rely on the use of complete channel state information (CSI) at the base station to take space-time scheduling decisions in the uplink of multi-user MIMO wireless systems. However, this might be a complex and costly solution. On the other hand, the simplest scheduler is the Round Robin (RR) scheduler that schedules terminals one after the other without using CSI. However, when multiple antennas are used, many terminals could be simultaneously scheduled because of the additional spatial dimension. The optimal number of terminals to be scheduled by a space-time scheduler with no CSI in a multi-user SIMO system is investigated in this paper. Furthermore, we also study how spatial diversity and multiplexing gains are translated into throughput gains. In particular, when a ZF receiver is used, we show that the benefits of using multiple antennas increase with the minimum SNIR requirements and that, when the number of antennas is much higher than the number of terminals, the throughput gains due to multiplexing increase linearly with the number of terminals and exponentially with the minimum SNIR requirements.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioconversion of (3RS,E)‐ and (3RS,Z)‐Nerolidol into Oxygenated Products by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. Possible Implications for the Biosynthesis of the Polyether Antibiotic Monensin A? (1990)

Abstract The ability of the monensin‐producing organism Streptomyces cinnamonensis to bioconvert the E‐ (I) and Z‐ (IV) isomers of nerolidol into new oxygenated products (II), (III) or (V)‐(VIII) is investigated using 3H labeled samples.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT OF TITANIUM SUBSTRATE ON SERVICE LIFE OF TITANIUM‐SUPPORTED IRIDIA ELECTRODE IN MIXED AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF SULFURIC ACID, AMMONIUM SULFATE, AND AMMONIUM FLUORIDE (1981)

Abstract Die Betriebsdauer der Elektrode wird durch mehrfache Wärmebehandlung des Ti‐Substrats bei 450°C (10 min) vor der Beschichtung mit IrO 2 verlängert, ohne die Stromausb.
The elphbolt ab initio solver for the coupled electron-phonon Boltzmann transport equations (2021)

elphbolt is a modern Fortran (2018 standard) code for efficiently solving the coupled electron-phonon Boltzmann transport equations from first principles. Using results from density functional and density functional perturbation theory as inputs, it can calculate the effect of the non-equilibrium phonons on the electronic transport (phonon drag) and non-equilibrium electrons on the phononic transport (electron drag) in a fully self-consistent manner and obeying the constraints mandated by thermodynamics. It can calculate the lattice, charge, and thermoelectric transport coefficients for the temperature gradient and electric fields, and the effect of the mutual electron-phonon drag on these transport properties. The code fully exploits the symmetries of the crystal and the transport-active window to allow the sampling of extremely fine electron and phonon wave vector meshes required for accurately capturing the drag phenomena. The coarray feature of modern Fortran, which offers native and convenient support for parallelization, is utilized. The code is compact, readable, well-documented, and extensible by design.
SYNFORM ISSUE 2009/06 (2009)

I am writing this brief editorial while spending my holidays in Sardinia.Right now, I am on a terrace with a wonderful view of the sea, blue sky, a delightful breeze and an ice-cold cocktail.But SYNFORM can't wait; therefore, my laptop had to come out from the bag where it spent one entire week of unusual rest.But I am sure it's a worth deal, because also in this issue SYNFORM features very interesting science.In the first SYNSTORY Professor Chiba from Singapore discloses new information about his novel approach to isoindoles and isoquinolines, whereas in another SYNSTORY Professor Soai from Japan explains how he and his co-workers were able to publish the first example of stereoselectivity controlled by stereogenic centers bearing 12 C or 13 C carbon isotopes.
Competing metastable decompositions of [C7H14]+· ions (1976)

Abstract The relative rates of competing metastable decompositions of fourteen isomeric C7H14 monoolefins were measured and compared. In every case except one the most important metastable reaction was loss of either CH3 or C2H4, but the rates of these and the other reactions observed varied over a wide range. It was concluded that the molecular ions of these compounds probably do not isomerize to a common structure prior to metastable decay. It was found that a terminal double bond strongly enhances metastable loss of C2H4 and that the additional presence of a 2‐methyl substituent favours this reaction still more. Several possible mechanisms for this transition are discussed, but none was found to explain the observed results satisfactorily.
Analysis of polyanionic macromolecular carrier poly‐(N‐vinylpyrrolidone‐co‐maleic acid) and its bioconjugates by capillary electrophoresis (1998)

Anionic carrier poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-maleic acid) and its conjugates, prepared with coupling of 2-cyano-3-hydroxy-5-amino-2-pentenoyc(4-trifluoromethyl anilide) or (6', 7'-dimethyl-l'-quinoxalinyl)-4-(2' amino) acetanilide to the carrier, were analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) in the following buffers: 0.25 N triethylammonium phosphate (TEAP); sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS; 25-150 mM) in TEAP (pH 2.25-6.30); 0.1 N Na-borate buffer (pH range 7-11) and SDS (25-150 mM) in Na-borate buffer (pH range 7-11). The presence of strong carboxyl groups (dissociated even at pH 2.25) on the polymer chain was proved by the CZE method. It was also proved by potentiometric titration that carboxyls with a wide range of acidity were on the polymer chain. CZE was able to differentiate among the analytes possessing carboxyl groups of different acidic strengths at pH 2.25. These components were not distinguished by CZE at high pH values (11.0). Interaction between the analyte and SDS affected the separation at this pH, and hence good resolution was obtained by MEKC. Informative separations were achieved both for the carrier and the conjugates in TEAP buffer at pH 2.25 by the CZE method. Optimal separation was achieved in borate buffer containing 75 mM SDS at pH 11.0 for the carrier and at pH 7.7 for the conjugates in MEKC.
Adenoviral delivery of E2F-1 directs cell cycle reentry and p53-independent apoptosis in postmitotic adult myocardium in vivo. (1997)

Irreversible exit from the cell cycle precludes the ability of cardiac muscle cells to increase cell number after infarction. Using adenoviral E1A, we previously demonstrated dual pocket protein- and p300-dependent pathways in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, and have proven that E2F-1, which occupies the Rb pocket, suffices for these actions of E1A. By contrast, the susceptibility of adult ventricular cells to viral delivery of exogenous cell cycle regulators has not been tested, in vitro or in vivo. In cultured adult ventricular myocytes, adenoviral gene transfer of E2F-1 induced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin-dependent protein kinase 4, cell division cycle 2 kinase, DNA synthesis, and apoptosis. In vivo, adenoviral delivery of E2F-1 by direct injection into myocardium induced DNA synthesis, shown by 5'-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and accumulation in G2/M, by image analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclei. In p53(-)/- mice, the prevalence of G1 exit was more than twofold greater; however, E2F-1 evoked apoptosis and rapid mortality comparably in both backgrounds. Thus, the differential effects of E2F-1 on G1 exit in wild-type versus p53-deficient mice illustrate the combinatorial power of viral gene delivery to genetically defined recipients: E2F-1 can override the G1/S checkpoint in postmitotic ventricular myocytes in vitro and in vivo, but leads to apoptosis even in p53(-)/- mice.
Robust Q-Band InP- and GaN-HEMT Low Noise Amplifiers (2017)

We report on robust and low-power-consumption InP- and GaN-HEMT Low-Noise-Amplifiers (LNAs) operating in Q-band frequency range. A multi-stage common-gate (CG) amplifier with current reuse topology was used. To improve the survivability of the CG amplifier, we introduced a feedback resistor at the gate bias feed. The design technique was adapted to InP- and GaN-HEMT LNAs. The 75nm gate length InP HEMT LNA exhibited a gain of 18dB and a noise figure (NF) of 3dB from 33 to 50GHz. The DC power consumption was 16mW. The Robustness of the InP HEMT LNA was tested by injecting a millimeter-wave input power of 13dBm for 10 minutes. No degradation in a small signal gain was observed. The fabricated 0.12µm gate length GaN HEMT LNA exhibited a gain of 15dB and an NF of 3.2dB from 35 to 42GHz. The DC power consumption was 280mW. The LNA survived until an input power of 28dBm.
Visual servoing of a Gough-Stewart parallel robot without proprioceptive sensors (2005)

In this paper, it is shown that computer vision, used as a redundant metrology mean, allows the control of a Gough-Stewart parallel robot without using any joint sensor. This result is highly relevant for the control of parallel mechanisms hard to instrument (for instance, hydraulically actuated ones) or with large displacements (for instance, large telescopes positioning systems). It is also very interesting since it turns computer vision, usually considered as an exteroceptive sensor, into a proprioceptive one, yet preserving its exteroceptive nature and non-contact measurement.
Post-Processing Noise Suppressor with Adaptive Gain-Flooring for Cell-Phone Handsets and IC Recorders (2007)

This paper proposes a post-processing noise suppressor with adaptive gain-flooring. By controlling gain-flooring based on voice activity and an output-SNR, distortion of the enhanced speech is reduced with natural transition between a speech and a non-speech section. Subjective evaluation results, with a preprocessing noise suppressor, a codec and a post-processing noise suppressor connected in tandem, show that the post-processing noise suppressor improves the five-grade mean opinion score by as much as 0.5 when suppression by the preprocessing noise suppressor is insufficient. The proposed post-processing noise suppressor is promising for the receiver in cell-phone handsets and IC recorders.
Localization of IpaB Protein in Escherichia coli K‐12 MC1061 Strain Carrying Shigella sonnei Form I Plasmid pSS120 (1991)

We partially purified antigens which reacted with shigellosis convalescent-monkey antisera. Hybridomas, which were constructed from mice immunized by the antigens, produced monoclonal antibodies recognizing IpaB protein. Using the monoclonal antibody against IpaB, evidence indicating that IpaB proteins were localized on the cell surface of invasive bacteria (Escherichia coli K-12 MC1061 harboring pSS120 plasmid) was obtained by immunoelectron microscopy.
A Wake-Up Call: We Need Phage Therapy Now (2018)

The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria has resulted in an increased interest in phage therapy, which historically preceded antibiotic treatment against bacterial infections. To date, there have been no reports of serious adverse events caused by phages. They have been successfully used to cure human diseases in Eastern Europe for many decades. More recently, clinical trials and case reports for a variety of indications have shown promising results. However, major hurdles to the introduction of phage therapy in the Western world are the regulatory and legal frameworks. Present regulations may take a decade or longer to be fulfilled. It is of urgent need to speed up the availability of phage therapy.
Synthesis and molecular docking studies of new substituted indazole derivatives for anti-breast cancer activity (2014)

New substituted indazole derivatives were synthesized and studied their docking properties. Their computational docking analysis supported them as good therapeutic agents to the breast cancer aromatase enzyme and ascertained 5f as potential molecules with good binding affinities varying from -8.0 kcal/mol and formed contacts with the NH1 & NH2 atoms of Arg115 by the distance of 3.3 & 3.2 Ao respectively. Compound 5g and compound 5n has shown similar binding energy of -7.7 kcal/mol. Majority of the compounds shown interaction with active site residues of Arg115 and Met374, respectively.
Pilot-scale cellulosic ethanol production using eucalyptus biomass pre-treated by dilute acid and steam explosion (2016)

The widespread deployment of commercial-scale cellulosic ethanol currently hinges on developing and evaluating scalable processes whilst broadening feedstock options. This study investigates whole Eucalyptus grandis trees as a potential feedstock and demonstrates dilute acid pre-treatment (with steam explosion) followed by pre-saccharification simultaneous saccharification fermentation process (PSSF) as a suitable, scalable strategy for the production of bioethanol. Biomass was pre-treated in dilute H2SO4 at laboratory scale (0.1 kg) and pilot scale (10 kg) to evaluate the effect of combined severity factor (CSF) on pre-treatment effectiveness. Subsequently, pilot-scale pre-treated residues (15 wt.%) were converted to ethanol in a PSSF process at 2 L and 300 L scales. Good polynomial correlations (n = 2) of CSF with hemicellulose removal and glucan digestibility with a minimum R2 of 0.91 were recorded. The laboratory-scale 72 h glucan digestibility and glucose yield was 68.0% and 51.3%, respectively, from biomass pre-treated at 190 °C /15 min/ 4.8 wt.% H2SO4. Pilot-scale pre-treatment (180 °C/ 15 min/2.4 wt.% H2SO4 followed by steam explosion) delivered higher glucan digestibility (71.8%) and glucose yield (63.6%). However, the ethanol yields using PSSF were calculated at 82.5 and 113 kg/ton of dry biomass for the pilot and the laboratory scales, respectively. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Selection of the vehicle speed waveforms filtering method (2017)

The vehicle speed waveforms is an example of the function that is relatively difficult to filter. In this case the filtering method must be characterized not only by specific properties of the frequency spectrum. It must also meet other conditions that will be discussed in more detali in this article. In the case of wrong selection of filtering algorithm it often turns out that the processed waveform contains signal distortions witch make it impossible to correct physical interpretation of given signal. The article compares two popular filtering methods with their basic modifications, discusses their advantages and disadvantages and shows their practical application for registered waveforms vehicle speed. It aIso evaluates which solution can be more useful during the development of research results that covering the course of vehicle speed.