gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of major sialylated N-glycans and identification of branched sialylated N-glycans that dynamically change their content during development in the mouse cerebral cortex (2014)

Oligosaccharides of glycoproteins expressed on the cell surface play important roles in cell-cell interactions, particularly sialylated N-glycans having a negative charge, which interact with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs). The entire structure of sialylated N-glycans expressed in the mouse brain, particularly the linkage type of sialic acid residues attached to the backbone N-glycans, has not yet been elucidated. An improved method to analyze pyridylaminated sugar chains using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed to determine the entire structure of sialylated N-linked sugar chains expressed in the adult and developing mouse cerebral cortices. Three classes of sialylated sugar chains were prevalent: 1) N-glycans containing α(2-3)-sialyl linkages on a type 2 antennary (Galβ(1-4)GlcNAc), 2) sialylated N-glycans with α(2-6)-sialyl linkages on a type 2 antennary, and 3) a branched sialylated N-glycan with a [Galβ(1-3){NeuAcα(2-6)}GlcNAc-] structure, which was absent at embryonic day 12 but then increased during development. This branched type sialylated N-glycan structure comprised approximately 2 % of the total N-glycans in the adult brain. Some N-glycans (containing type 2 antennary) were found to change their type of sialic acid linkage from α(2-6)-Gal to α(2-3)-Gal. Thus, the linkages and expression levels of sialylated N-glycans change dramatically during brain development.
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) Positive Retinal Amacrine Cells are Altered in the DBA/2NNia Mouse, a Murine Model for Angle-Closure Glaucoma (2004)

We previously described a parafoveal loss of nNOS positive amacrine cells in the monkey glaucoma model. The fact that there is also a significant decrease of nNOS amacrine cells in the glaucomatous mouse eye indicates a specific response of nNOS positive amacrine cells in glaucomatous retinopathy.
Functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes via surface unpaired electrons (2010)

The unpaired electrons on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) treated by nitric-sulfuric mixed acid were detected and characterized by electron spin resonance (ESR). Through reacting with these unpaired electrons, highly soluble acrylamide-grafted MWNTs were successfully prepared and characterized by ESR, FT-IR, UV-vis and atomic force microscopy (AFM), etc. The results indicate that MWNTs could generate more unpaired electrons with longer mixed-acid treatment time and could be well functionalized by acrylamide. By AFM analysis, a 'net' structure was formed on MWNTs after grafting with acrylamide. This new method has some obvious advantages of mild reaction conditions and convenient operation, etc. Furthermore, the grafting of MWNTs may have great potential for biomedical applications in drug delivery and regenerative medicine owing to their excellent networks.
Nitric Oxide Donors (2005)

Part 1: Chemistry of NO Donors.1 NO and NO Donors (Tingwei Bill Cai, Peng George Wang, and Alvin A. Holder).2 Organic Nitrates and Nitrites (Roger Harrison).3 N-Nitroso Compounds (Arindam Talukdar, Peng George Wang).4 The Role of S-Nitrosothiols in the Biological Milieu (Bulent Mutus).5 Metal-NO complexes: Structures, Syntheses, Properties and NO-releasing Mechanisms (Tara P. Dasgupta, Danielle V. Aquart).6 The NO-releasing Heterocycles (Alberto Gasco, Karl Schoenafinger).7 C-Nitroso Compounds, Oximes, N-Hydroxyguanidines and N-Hydroxyureas (S. Bruce King).Part 2: NO Donors' Applications in Biological Research.8 Vasodilators for Biological Research (Anthony Robert Butler, Russell James Pearson).9 NO Donors as Antiplatelet Agents (Anna Kobsar, Martin Eigenthaler).10 Control of NO Production (Noriko Fujiwara, Keiichiro Suzuki, Naoyuki Taniguchi).Part 3: Clinical Applications of NO Donors.11 Nitric Oxide Donors in Cardiovascular Disease (Martin Feelisch, Joseph Loscalzo).12 Nitric Oxide Donors as Anti-platelet Agents for Thromboembolic Disorders: Clinical Status and Therapeutic Prognosis (David R. Janero, David S. Garvey).13 NO and Gene Regulation (Jie Zhou, Bernhard Brune).14 Nitric Oxide and Central Nervous System Diseases (Elizabeth Mazzio, Karam F. A. Soliman).Index.
Circulating prolactin and in situ breast cancer risk in the European EPIC cohort: a case-control study (2015)

Our data extends prior research linking prolactin and invasive breast cancer to the outcome of in situ breast tumours and shows that higher circulating prolactin is associated with increased risk of in situ breast cancer.
The Risks of Germline Gene Transfer. (Another Voice) (2003)

In this issue of Report, Nancy King, a lawyer, bioethicist, and former member of NIH Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee, highlights broad array of ethical and societal issues raised by risk of germline gene transfer of donated gene sequences--that is, risk that donated DNA sequences will be passed on to offspring of recipient, with potential harmful effects. King's essay deals with issues raised by risks of inadvertent germline gene transfer, which she feels have not been adequately explored. She proposes that current strategies of gene transfer should be shelved and that researchers should rethink entire approach and develop gene transfer strategies that are less likely to pose a risk of germline gene transfer. King is right to raise these issues, and she is correct that they merit more attention than they have received. Especially important is analysis of exactly what it will mean to carry donated gene sequences in germline. From vantage point of science, however, problems alluded to by King take on a somewhat different cast. How likely is this event to occur? Germline gene transfer has not been documented in more than 4,000 human subjects that have been enrolled in gene transfer studies, although King is right that many of these subjects were probably not engaged in procreation anyway. In animal studies where inadvertent germline gene transfer has been carefully considered, (1) none has been found, although clearly more data are needed. Tissue culture and animal experiments that measure distribution in body of new genetic material shed some light on probable risk for humans. King summarizes these studies by noting that the stuff goes all over place, but vector is generally concentrated in target tissue. In our studies of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV, a vector) injected into skeletal muscle or liver, concentration of vector DNA in gonads is 0.001 to 0.0001 of that found in skeletal muscle or liver. (2) These studies are mandatory before gene transfer can be attempted in humans. Even after vector has gained access to gonads, it must still gain entry to eggs or spermatocytes for germline gene transfer to occur. The most stringent test for assessing entry is to incubate germ cells with vector and look for genetic transfer. These studies have been negative so far (using murine spermatogonia as target for AAV), (3) but more studies are certainly needed. Finally, even if foreign DNA gains access to a germ cell, in order for harm to result, it must lodge in a site where it can have an effect. Based on reasonable assumptions about human genome and on data from a recent AAV trial, (4) risk of detecting a birth defect caused by gene transfer appears to be less than one in one million--a negligible increase over baseline risk of birth defects of about one in one hundred. …
Novel coagglutination method for serotyping group B streptococci (1992)

A group G streptococcal strain was coated with antibody against six different serotypes (Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, and V) of group B streptococci. The coagglutination patterns of 114 strains of group B streptococci were compared with the serotypes determined after immunoprecipitation. The specificity of the method was 100% and the sensitivity 97%. It was used for the typing of 89 invasive and 101 colonizing isolates. The new method is swift, specific, and highly sensitive. It consumes only minute amounts of antibody.
Surface Spin Flip Probability of Mesoscopic Ag Wires (2010)

Spin relaxation in mesoscopic Ag wires in the diffusive transport regime is studied via nonlocal spin valve and Hanle effect measurements performed on Permalloy/Ag lateral spin valves. The ratio between momentum and spin relaxation times is not constant at low temperatures. This can be explained with the Elliott-Yafet spin relaxation mechanism by considering the momentum surface relaxation time as being temperature dependent. We present a model to separately determine spin flip probabilities for phonon, impurity and surface scattering and find that the spin flip probability is highest for surface scattering.
Orientation Tuning and End-stopping in Macaque V1 Studied with Two-photon Calcium Imaging (2020)

Orientation tuning is a fundamental response property of V1 neurons and has been extensively studied with single-/multiunit recording and intrinsic signal optical imaging. Long-term 2-photon calcium imaging allows simultaneous recording of hundreds of neurons at single neuron resolution over an extended time in awake macaques, which may help elucidate V1 orientation tuning properties in greater detail. We used this new technology to study the microstructures of orientation functional maps, as well as population tuning properties, in V1 superficial layers of 5 awake macaques. Cellular orientation maps displayed horizontal and vertical clustering of neurons according to orientation preferences, but not tuning bandwidths, as well as less frequent pinwheels than previous estimates. The orientation tuning bandwidths were narrower than previous layer-specific single-unit estimates, suggesting more precise orientation selectivity. Moreover, neurons tuned to cardinal and oblique orientations did not differ in quantities and bandwidths, likely indicating minimal V1 representation of the oblique effect. Our experimental design also permitted rough estimates of length tuning. The results revealed significantly more end-stopped cells at a more superficial 150 μm depth (vs. 300 μm), but unchanged orientation tuning bandwidth with different length tuning. These results will help construct more precise models of V1 orientation processing.
Oxidation Kinetics of Ethanol by Human Cytochrome P450 2E1 (1997)

A number of cytochrome P450 (P450) 2E1 substrates are known to show kinetic deuterium isotope effects of approximately 5 on Km (DK = DKm/HKm), but not on kcat, in rat liver microsomes (e.g. N-nitrosodimethylamine, ethanol, and CH2Cl2). We observed DKm values of 3-5 for recombinant human P450 2E1-catalyzed ethanol oxidation. Replacing NADPH and O2 with the oxygen surrogate cumene hydroperoxide yielded similar results. Ferric P450 2E1 reduction was fast (k >1000 min-1) even in the absence of substrate. These results indicate that the basis for the increase in Km is in the latter portion of the catalytic cycle. The intrinsic isotope effect (Dk) for ethanol oxidation was determined (competitively) to be 3.8, indicating that C-H bond cleavage is isotopically sensitive. Pre-steady-state studies showed a burst of product formation (k = 410 min-1), with the burst amplitude corresponding to the P450 concentration. Deuteration of ethanol resulted in an isotope effect of 3.2 on the rate of the burst. We conclude that product release is rate-limiting in the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde by P450 2E1. The steady-state kinetics can be described by a paradigm in which the kcat approximates the rate of product release, and Km is an expression in which the denominator is dominated by the rate of C-H bond breaking.
Electronic checklists - Evaluation of two levels of automation (1991)

Two versions of an electronic checklist have been implemented in the Advanced Concepts Flight Simulator (ACFS) at NASA Research Center. The two designs differ in the degree of pilot involvement in conducting the checklists. One version (manual-sensed), requires the crew to manually acknowledge the completion of each checklist item. The other version (automatic-sensed), automatically indicates completed items without requiring pilot acknowledgement. These two designs and a paper checklist (as a control condition) were evaluated in line oriented simulation. Twelve aircrews from one major air-carrier flew a routine, four leg, short-haul trip. This paper presents and discusses the portion of the experiment that was concerned with measuring the effect of the degree of automation on the crews' performance. It discusses and presents evidence for a potential down-side of implementing an electronic checklist that is designed to provide fully redundant monitoring of human procedure execution and monitoring.
Analysis of chromosome 21 yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones. (1992)

Chromosome 21 contains genes relevant to several important diseases. Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones, because they span > 100 kbp, will provide attractive material for initiating searches for such genes. Twenty-two YAC clones, each of which maps to a region of potential relevance either to aspects of the Down syndrome phenotype or to one of the other chromosome 21-associated genetic diseases, have been analyzed in detail. Clones total approximately 6,000 kb and derive from all parts of the long arm. Rare restriction-site maps have been constructed for each clone and have been used to determine regional variations in clonability, methylation frequency, CpG island density, and CpG island frequency versus gene density. This information will be useful for the isolation and mapping of new genes to chromosome 21 and for walking in YAC libraries.
Implementing Adaptive Driving Systems for Intelligent Vehicles by Using Neuro-Fuzzy Networks (2001)

The application of supervised learning to train an intelligent vehicle with a neuro-fuzzy controller to mimic the driving behavior of a human driver is discussed. An initial fuzzy control system for vehicle driving was set up on the basis of general human driving experiences, and its control rules were modified to fit the driving behavior of an individual driver. This provides an effective mechanism to construct driving control systems with personality for automated intelligent vehicles.
A quantitative analysis of the impact of cryopreservation on the implantation potential of human early cleavage stage embryos (2000)

The impact of cryopreservation on the implantation potential of early cleavage stage (day 2) embryos was assessed by analysing the outcome from > 5000 thawed embryos in relation to the outcome from a similar number of fresh embryos. Analysis of procedures in which all transferred embryos fulfilled equivalent defined criteria revealed no significant difference in the implantation rates (fetal hearts/100 embryos transferred) of fresh 4-cell embryos (16.6%) and fully intact thawed 4-cell embryos (16.9%). Although 2-cell embryos implanted at significantly lower rates, there was again no significant difference between fresh (6.5%) and fully intact thawed (7.2%) embryos. Similar analysis of all embryos (irrespective of cell number on day 2) demonstrated that the implantation potential of partially intact thawed embryos was related to the extent of blastomere loss with the implantation rate of embryos with 50% cell survival (5.4%) being approximately half the rate of fully intact embryos (11.3%). Combining the values obtained from 'pure' data for the implantation rates of embryos with defined levels of survival with their relative prevalence in the total population of thawed embryos gave a predicted number of implantations (441) which was similar to the observed outcome (463). This number was approximately 30% less than the number expected had the same embryos been transferred fresh (635). The results suggest that intact thawed embryos have the same implantation potential as equivalent fresh embryos and that the impact of cryopreservation is limited to blastomere loss which is directly related to loss of implantation potential. The observed frequency of blastomere loss results in a reduction of approximately 30% in the implantation potential of a population of embryos following cryopreservation.
Carbamylation-Dependent Activation of T Cells: A Novel Mechanism in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Arthritis (2010)

The posttranslational modification of proteins has the potential to generate neoepitopes that may subsequently trigger immune responses. The carbamylation of lysine residues to form homocitrulline may be a key mechanism triggering inflammatory responses. We evaluated the role of carbamylation in triggering immune responses and report a new role for this process in the induction of arthritis. Immunization of mice with homocitrulline-containing peptides induced chemotaxis, T cell activation, and Ab production. The mice also developed erosive arthritis following intra-articular injection of peptides derived from homocitrulline and citrulline. Adoptive transfer of T and B cells from homocitrulline-immunized mice into normal recipients induced arthritis, whereas systemic injection of homocitrulline-specific Abs or intra-articular injection of homocitrulline-Ab/citrulline-peptide mixture did not. Thus, the T cell response to homocitrulline-derived peptides, as well as the subsequent production of anti-homocitrulline Abs, is critical for the induction of autoimmune reactions against citrulline-derived peptides and provides a novel mechanism for the pathogenesis of arthritis.
2,3-Dimethyl-N-[(E)-2,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene]aniline (2010)

In the title compound, C(18)H(21)NO(3), the C=N bond has a trans conformation and the benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 61.32 (6)°. The C atoms of the three meth-oxy groups are all roughly coplanar with their attached ring [deviations = 0.219 (2), -0.097 (2) and -0.137 (2) Å]. In the crystal, a weak C-H⋯π inter-action may help to establish the packing.
Roles of High-resolution Manometry in Predicting Incomplete Bolus Transit in Patients With Dysphagia (2017)

Abnormalities in a number of HRM parameters are not only useful in diagnosing esophageal motility diseases, but also valuable in predicting IBC during swallowing.
Bovine pericardial extracellular matrix niche modulates human aortic endothelial cell phenotype and function (2019)

Xenogeneic biomaterials contain biologically relevant extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and organization, making them potentially ideal surgical grafts and tissue engineering scaffolds. Defining the effect of ECM niche (e.g., basement membrane vs. non-basement membrane) on repopulating cell phenotype and function has important implications for use of xenogeneic biomaterials, particularly in vascular applications. We aim to understand how serous (i.e., basement membrane) versus fibrous (i.e., non-basement membrane) ECM niche of antigen-removed bovine pericardium (AR-BP) scaffolds influence human aortic endothelial cell (hAEC) adhesion, growth, phenotype, inflammatory response and laminin production. At low and moderate seeding densities hAEC proliferation was significantly increased on the serous side. Similarly, ECM niche modulated cellular morphology, with serous side seeding resulting in a more rounded aspect ratio and intact endothelial layer formation. At moderate seeding densities, hAEC production of human laminin was enhanced following serous seeding. Finally, inflammatory marker and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression decreased following long-term cell growth regardless of seeding side. This work demonstrates that at low and moderate seeding densities AR-BP sidedness significantly impacts endothelial cell growth, morphology, human laminin production, and inflammatory state. These findings suggest that ECM niche has a role in modulating response of repopulating recipient cells toward AR-BP scaffolds for vascular applications.
Self‐condensation of ortho‐hydroxy‐β‐chloro‐β‐nitrostyrenes: Synthesis of some z‐11‐nitromethylene‐11H‐benzofurol[3,2‐b] benzopyrans (1994)

Abstract The triethylamine‐promoted self‐condensation of several 2‐(2‐chloro‐2‐nitroethenyl)phenols gives the so far unknown Z‐11‐Nitromethylene‐11 H ‐benzofuro[3,2‐ b ][1]benzopyrans.
Effects of Buoyancy on the Turbulent Wake of a Horizontal Cylinder in Cross-Flow (2012)

While heat transfer around bluff-bodies have been extensively studied in natural and forced convection regime, the mixed convection regime has not still yet brought so much attention; however the latter has direct interest either in various engineering applications or for fundamental point of views. Direct Numerical Simulation was applied in this paper to study the buoyancy effects in the wake of a horizontal cylinder in cross-flow for Re∞ = 1000 and Ri = 2.77. In the framework of mixed convection regime, results mainly focus on the role of thermal field and buoyancy effects. The main visible impact in the thermal field introduction is the asymmetry in the cylinder wake. In addition, typical mushroom-like structures driven by thermal field develop along the wake. From an unsteady point of view, a thermal wave develops from the bottom of the cylinder and the latter follows the cylinder surface. As a consequence, the upper shear-layer that occurs in isotherm case is strongly disturbed because of the interaction with the thermal wave and the lower shear-layer is stretched in the flow direction. Comparisons with the isotherm case help us to better understand the role of the thermal field and the effects of buoyancy in the transition to turbulence.
Sistema de instrumentação virtual para monitorização de máquinas eléctricas (2001)

Este trabalho pretende apresentar a utilização de um sistema de instrumentação virtual, integrado e flexível, baseado em LabVIEW( ) e um sistema de aquisição de dados, para monitorização e estimação de diversas grandezas associadas às máquinas eléctricas e seu funcionamento. No trabalho referem-se exemplos concretos de aquisição de correntes, tensões, binário e velocidade/posição do motor de indução trifásico, alimentado por conversores de frequência, para estimação e visualização de diversas grandezas eléctricas, magnéticas e mecânicas, associadas ao seu funcionamento. Pretende-se ainda evidenciar as potencialidades do sistema em desenvolvimento comparativamente com as tecnologias clássicas como por exemplo o osciloscópio e equipamento de medida como o voltímetro, amperímetro, wattímetro, etc., designadamente o seu desempenho laboratorial em termos da realização de objectivos específicos, flexibilidade, custos e utilização on-line na rede local de um laboratório ou através da internet.