gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhaled corticosteroids and the increased risk of pneumonia (2013)

Recently it has been suggested that there is a causal association between the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and the risk of developing pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). An increased risk of pneumonia associated with ICS use has been seen in trials with different design, different study populations and with evidence of a dose-response relationship. However, as none of these clinical trials were originally designed to assess pneumonia risk, radiographic confirmation of pneumonia was not always obtained. The extent to which pneumonia events have been confounded with acute exacerbations of COPD is unclear. As increased pneumonia events were not associated with increased mortality it remains unclear what the clinical significance of these findings are. Further complicating the association between ICSs and pneumonia is that meta-analyses restricted to budesonide trials have not shown an increased risk of pneumonia, and no association has been seen in patients with asthma. A number of mechanisms by which ICSs could increase the risk of pneumonia have been proposed, principally related to their immunosuppressive effect. Well-designed clinical trials with predefined endpoints and objective pneumonia definitions are needed before the real risk of pneumonia conferred by ICSs can be established. In the meantime, it seems reasonable to reduce ICSs given to COPD patients to the lowest effective doses, reduce the risk in individual patients by ensuring appropriate vaccination and to be vigilant for the possibility of pneumonia in patients with COPD on ICSs as they largely overlap with those of an acute exacerbation.
Orthonormal FBs With Rational Sampling Factors and Oversampled DFT-Modulated FBs: A Connection and Filter Design (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Methods widely used to design filters for uniformly sampled filter banks (FBs) are not applicable for FBs with rational sampling factors and oversampled discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-modulated FBs. In this paper, we show that the filter design problem (with regularity factors/vanishing moments) for these two types of FBs is the same. Following this, we propose two finite-impulse-response (FIR) filter design methods for these FBs. The first method describes a parameterization of FBs with a single regularity factor/vanishing moment. The second method, which can be used to design FBs with an arbitrary number of regularity factors/vanishing moments, uses results from frame theory. We also describe how to modify this method so as to obtain linear phase filters. Finally, we discuss and provide a motivation for iterated DFT-modulated FBs. </para>
Breathing and Heartrate Monitoring System using IR-UWB Radar (2019)

This paper provides a feasibility study of estimating the heartrate and the breathing rate, using the waveform spectrum recorded by impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) radar. An algorithm is proposed that helps to separate the heartrate signal from the breathing signal. Furthermore, a Kalman filter is introduced that helps to reduce the noise factor from the obtained waveforms. The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm can effectively estimate the breathing rate up to 97-99% and the heartrate above 90 % accuracy as compared to the traditional clinical equipment such as electrocardiograph (ECG).
Control and safety systems for the microspheres based detoxification system (2002)

Hemoperfusion and plasmaperfusion are well known as standard procedures in extracorporeal blood purification. To avoid the known problems like blood compatibility and to increase the efficiency, the Microspheres Based Detoxification System (MDS) has been developed. The newly developed system is based on the high adsorption capacity of microspheres in a recirculation system and can be used for long term treatment. Applications of the authors' system include acute hepatic failure, drug intoxications and sepsis. To perform animal tests and clinical studies a novel systems was designed including control and safety monitoring systems. Emanated from the failure analysis, parts of a common used hemodialysis machine were adapted and safety relevant circuits such as an intelligent watchdog, pressure monitoring circuits, etc. were added. The system is controlled by a PC and a self written control and monitoring software.
Fingerprint matching algorithm for poor quality images (2015)

The main aim of this study is to establish an efficient platform for fingerprint matching for low‐quality images. Generally, fingerprint matching approaches use the minutiae points for authentication. However, it is not such a reliable authentication method for low‐quality images. To overcome this problem, the current study proposes a fingerprint matching methodology based on normalised cross‐correlation, which would improve the performance and reduce the miscalculations during authentication. It would decrease the computational complexities. The error rate of the proposed method is 5.4%, which is less than the two‐dimensional (2D) dynamic programming (DP) error rate of 5.6%, while Lee's method produces 5.9% and the combined method has 6.1% error rate. Genuine accept rate at 1% false accept rate is 89.3% but at 0.1% value it is 96.7%, which is higher. The outcome of this study suggests that the proposed methodology has a low error rate with minimum computational effort as compared with existing methods such as Lee's method and 2D DP and the combined method.
Modeling, Simulation and Stability Analysis Using MATLAB of a Hybrid System Solar Panel and Wind Turbine in The Locality of Puntahacienda-Quingeo In Ecuador (2018)

The modeling, simulation and analysis of the energy conversion equations describing the behavior of a hybrid system PV and wind turbine, and hybrid system for electrical power generation are presented. A numerical model based on the aforementioned equations was developed, coded and results were presented, discussed compared to experimental data reported in the literature. The model is intended for optimization and as design tool for such hybrid systems. The model predicted results compared fairly to experimental data under various conditions. A stability analysis was also performed by the mathematical modeling for the hybrid system. It is important to point out that this analysis has been carried out so that in the near future one of these power generation systems to be exploited to a great extent in the locality of Quingeo-Puntahacienda.
Production and characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies to polypeptide hormones and their fragments. (1991)

The diagnostic importance of monoclonal antibodies assays for peptide hormones in biological fluids and for histological peptide localization is rapidly increasing. In our laboratory a general protocol has been developed for immunization and fusion that has been proven very useful, with minor modifications, for generating monoclonal antibodies against insulin, calcitonin, adrenocorticotropin and parathyroid hormone. Our procedure offers the following advantages: 1) it requires a relatively low amount of antigen; 2) it takes only 16-20 days from the first immunization to the time of fusion; 3) it mostly generates IgG producing hybrids; 4) it involves few manipulations of the animals and no i.v. injections. The widely used methods utilized for peptide carrier conjugation, few guidelines for the choice of peptide fragments suitable as immunogens and some applications of antipeptide monoclonal antibodies will be briefly discussed.
Diffusion and Concentration Profiles for Loading DL-propanolol in a Crosslinked Drug Carrier, Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) Hydrogel (2018)

As drug carriers, hydrogels feature the ability to hold a large quantity of a hydrophilic drug with highly tunable release profiles by adjusting the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Thermally sensitive polymeric hydrogels composed of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) have attracted the attention of researchers recently due to its temperature-dependent phase transition properties. The drug in the present research was DL-propranolol hydrochloride, a synthetic beta-adrenergic receptor blocker. In this study the diffusion coefficient of drug in water was both modelled and experimentally determined The mass transfer experiment used a syringe method. UV-visible spectra of the DL-propoanolol showed a characteristic peak at 290 nm. The spectra at 8, 10 and 14 hours showed characteristic time dependent concentration profiles. An equilibrium partition coefficient was also measured at much longer times. These data will be used to parameterize a COMSOL-based model to understand the real-time loading of the drug in a massively arrayed microfluidic environment under continuous flows.
A Self-Healing Technique for a Smart Distribution Grids with Distributed Energy Resources (2019)

In this paper, a methodology will be presented for the restoration of electric energy using the concepts of self-healing and based on the technique of Analytic Hierchy Process (AHP). The goal of this is minimize eletric losses and the number of consumers affected by a system fault. For this, it was considered the variation of the load throughout the day and the possibility of operation in isolated mode of distributed energy resources (DER) by using panels photovoltaics and energy storage system. The tests for the methodology were performed in the modified IEEE 34-bus system, where it was obtained a reduction of the electrical losses in more the eighty percent. And a reduction of the number of consumers in fault in more of the forty percent.
Impact-induced Metal-Silicate Melt Partitioning: First Results for Basalt (1991)

We have recovered fragments of shocked samples from equation of state measurements of molten basalt via shock wave experiments. The post-shock remnants consist of pieces of the molybdenum container with basalt glass. Analysis of the glass shows extreme depletion of FeO (Table) from the initial glass composition, with the subsequent forma-tion of Fe-Mo-rich spherules throughout the glass. These results demonstrate the high mobility of siderophile components in the basaltic liquid under high pressure (0.5- 2.6 GPa) and temperature (&amp;gt; 2000°C) conditions on very short timescales (x 2- 5ps). The data are preliminary, but provide insight on the chemical constraints for planetary differentiation and core formation. Our experiments are described in detail by Rigden et al. [I]. Briefly, the sample is encapsulated in a molybdenum container (Figure 1) and heated by induction just prior to shocking. The back surface of the Mo container acts as a driver for the shock wave which is produced by impact of the projectile (an A1 metal disk) with the target. The entire experiment lasts a few microseconds and most impacts leave no recognizable traces of the sample. However, for shot 760, a fragment (2.0 x 1.25 cm) of Mo metal with a thin veneer
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN MOTION WITH METHODS FROM MACHINE LEARNING (2009)

biomechanical studies of human motion. In recent years, techniques of machine learning have been added to this field of research (Chau, 2001). In this study different dimension reduction methods like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Fourier Transformation (FT) are investigated as an alternative to common biomechanical approaches in motion analysis.
Multistep Explicit Stereo Camera Calibration Approach to Improve Euclidean Accuracy of Large-Scale 3D Reconstruction (2014)

The spatial accuracy of point clouds generated from a mobile stereo camera set is very sensitive to the intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters (i.e., camera calibration) used in stereo image-based three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction methods. The existing camera calibration algorithms induce a significant amount of error owing to poor estimation accuracy in camera parameters when they are used for large-scale scenes such as mapping civil infrastructure. This leads to higher uncertainties in the location of 3D points, and may result in the failure of the whole reconstruction process. This paper proposes a novel procedure to address this problem. It hypothesizes that a set of multiple calibration parameters created by videotaping a moving calibration pattern along a specific path can increase overall calibration accuracy and ultimately enhance the Euclidean accuracy of the generated point cloud. This is achieved by using conventional camera calibration algorithms to perform separate estimations for certain predefined distance values. The result, which includes multiple sets of camera parameters, is then used in the structure from motion process. The proposed method has been tested on infrastructure scenes and experimental analyses indicate 25% improvement in the spatial distance accuracy of 3D points.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Novel SIRPα Antibodies That Induce Single-Agent Phagocytosis of Tumor Cells while Preserving T Cells. (2021)

The signal regulatory protein a (SIRPa)/CD47 axis has emerged as an important innate immune checkpoint that enables cancer cell escape from macrophage phagocytosis. SIRPa expression is limited to macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils-cells enriched in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we present novel anti-SIRP Abs, SIRP-1 and SIRP-2, as an approach to targeting the SIRPa/CD47 axis. Both SIRP-1 and SIRP-2 bind human macrophage SIRPa variants 1 and 2, the most common variants in the human population. SIRP-1 and SIRP-2 are differentiated among reported anti-SIRP Abs in that they induce phagocytosis of solid and hematologic tumor cell lines by human monocyte-derived macrophages as single agents. We demonstrate that SIRP-1 and SIRP-2 disrupt SIRPa/CD47 interaction by two distinct mechanisms: SIRP-1 directly blocks SIRPa/CD47 and induces internalization of SIRPa/Ab complexes that reduce macrophage SIRPa surface levels and SIRP-2 acts via disruption of higher-order SIRPa structures on macrophages. Both SIRP-1 and SIRP-2 engage FcgRII, which is required for single-agent phagocytic activity. Although SIRP-1 and SIRP-2 bind SIRPg with varying affinity, they show no adverse effects on T cell proliferation. Finally, both Abs also enhance phagocytosis when combined with tumor-opsonizing Abs, including a highly differentiated anti-CD47 Ab, AO-176, currently being evaluated in phase 1 clinical trials, NCT03834948 and NCT04445701. SIRP-1 and SIRP-2 are novel, differentiated SIRP Abs that induce in vitro single-agent and combination phagocytosis and show no adverse effects on T cell functionality. These data support their future development, both as single agents and in combination with other anticancer drugs.
The Meshing of the Sky: Delivering Ubiquitous Connectivity to Ground\n Internet of Things (2020)

Nowadays, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are being used in several novel\napplications, especially in the telecommunication domain. However, ensuring UAV\ncommunication and networking for the purpose of a specific application is still\nchallenging. Indeed, due to the mobility of a UAV in a vast area, permanent\nconnectivity over the back-haul is very sporadic and might be lost. In this\npaper, we consider an aerial mesh network where each UAV can serve as a flying\nbase station to boost terrestrial base station in case of damaged\ninfrastructure case for example, or/and provide connectivity for uncovered or\npoorly covered nodes, and behaves as a relay to establish communication between\ntwo components owing to a lack of reliable direct communication link between\nthem. We then detail a case study where a UAV-fleet are used to collect data\nfrom the ground Internet of Things (IoT) devices and forward it to cloud for\nfurther processing passing by a remote gateway.\n We aim here to build a queueing framework including network layer, MAC layer,\nand physical layer and investigate both uplink and downlink communication\nlinks. Next, we derive some closed forms allowing us to predict the network\nperformance in terms of traffic intensity at every UAV of the aerial mesh\nnetwork, end-to-end (E2E) throughput and e2e delay of ongoing streams. Next, we\nconduct extensive simulations to illustrate the benefit of our framework.\nResults discussion and numerous insights on parameter setting, target quality\nof service and design consideration are also drawn.\n
More than Tenfold Increase of Arsenic in Serum and Packed Cells of Chronic Hemodialysis Patients (1993)

Arsenic concentrations were determined in serum and packed cells of 7 chronic hemodialysis patients, in fresh dialysate and in a heparin solution. The analytical technique was radiochemical neutron activation analysis. The accuracy of the method was tested by the analysis of As in certified reference materials. Patients showed elevated serum and packed cell arsenic concentrations compared with controls (serum, range: 2.3-79.8 ng As/ml, median: 11.5 ng As/ml; versus range: 0.132-4.783 ng As/ml, median: 0.38 ng As/ml; packed cells, range: 2.1-68.4 ng As/g, median: 9.5 ng As/g; versus range: 0.51-14.44 ng As/g, median: 3.17 ng As/g). Arsenic concentrations remained unaltered, before versus after a single hemodialysis treatment. The arsenic contents of serum and packed cells were significantly correlated (n = 7, r = 0.96, p < 0.05). No arsenic could be detected in the heparin solution or in the dialysate.
Continuous drying of a fine particles-water slurry in a powder-particle fluidized bed. (1992)

The powder-particle fluidized bed is a new type of fluidized bed developed to fluidize fine particles to prevent their agglomeration in the bed.Continuous drying of a slurry of fine particles with water was carried out in a powder-particle fluidized bed, and its drying characteristics were examined. Moisture in the slurry evaporated almost fully in the bed, and the moisture content of the exiting fine particles was nearly zero under the range of operating conditions in this study. Temperature and relative humidity of the outlet gas agreed with those calculated by mass and heat balances across the bed without knowledge of the rates of heat and mass transfer.
Grain size effect on the semiconductor-metal phase transition characteristics of magnetron-sputtered VO2 thin films (2005)

Single-phase vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films have been grown on Si3N4∕Si substrates by means of a well-controlled magnetron sputtering process. The deposited VO2 films were found to exhibit a semiconductor-to-metal transition (SMT) at ∼69°C with a resistivity change as high as 3.2 decades. A direct and clear-cut correlation is established between the SMT characteristics (both amplitude and abruptness of the transition) of the VO2 films and their crystallite size.
A comparison of intrauterine hemopoietic cell transplantation and lentiviral gene transfer for the correction of severe β-thalassemia in a HbbTh3/+ murine model (2018)

Major hemoglobinopathies place tremendous strain on global resources. Intrauterine hemopoietic cell transplantation (IUHCT) and gene transfer (IUGT) can potentially reduce perinatal morbidities with greater efficacy than postnatal therapy alone. We performed both procedures in the thalassemic HbbTh3/+ mouse. Intraperitoneal delivery of co-isogenic cells at embryonic days13-14 produced dose-dependent chimerism. High-dose adult bone marrow (BM) cells maintained 0.2-3.1% chimerism over ~24 weeks and treated heterozygotes (HET) demonstrated higher chimerism than wild-type (WT) pups (1.6% vs. 0.7%). Fetalliver (FL) cells produced higher chimerism than BM when transplanted at thesame doses, maintaining 1.8-2.4% chimerism over ~32 weeks. We boosted transplanted mice postnatally with BM cells after busulfan conditioning. Engraftment was maintained at >1% only in chimeras. IUHCT-treated nonchimeras and non-IUHCT mice showed microchimerism or no chimerism. Improved engraftment was observed with a higher initial chimerism, in HET mice and with the addition of fludarabine. Chimeric HET mice expressed 2.2-15.1% engraftment with eventual decline at 24 weeks (vs. <1% in nonchimeras) and demonstrated improved hematological indices and smaller spleens compared with untreated HETmice. Intravenous delivery of GLOBE lentiviral-vector expressing human β-globin (HBB) resulted in a vector concentration of 0.001-0.6 copies/cell. Most hematological indices were higher in treated than untreated HET mice, including hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume, but were still lower than in WT. Therefore, direct IUGT and IUHCT strategies can be used to achieve hematological improvement but require further dose optimization. IUHCT will be useful combined with postnatal transplantation to further enhance engraftment.
DeMAID/GA USER'S GUIDE Design Manager's Aid for Intelligent Decomposition with a Genetic Algorithm (1996)

Many companies are looking for new tools and techniques to aid a design manager in making decisions that can reduce the time and cost of a design cycle. One tool that is available to aid in this decision making process is the Design Manager's Aid for Intelligent Decomposition (DeMAID). Since the initial release of DEMAID in 1989, numerous enhancements have been added to aid the design manager in saving both cost and time in a design cycle. The key enhancement is a genetic algorithm (GA) and the enhanced version is called DeMAID/GA. The GA orders the sequence of design processes to minimize the cost and time to converge to a solution. These enhancements as well as the existing features of the original version of DEMAID are described. Two sample problems are used to show how these enhancements can be applied to improve the design cycle. This report serves as a user's guide for DeMAID/GA.
Synthesis of diarylmethylamines via palladium-catalyzed regioselective arylation of 1,1,3-triaryl-2-azaallyl anions (2014)

Diarylmethylamines are of great interest due to their prevalence in pharmaceutical chemistry. As a result, new methods for their synthesis are in demand. Herein, we report a versatile protocol for the synthesis of diarylmethylamine derivatives involving palladium-catalyzed arylation of <i>in situ</i> generated 2-azaallyl anion intermediates. The 2-azaallyl anions are generated by reversible deprotonation of readily available aldimine and ketimine precursors. Importantly, the arylated aldimine and ketimine products do not undergo isomerization under the reaction conditions. Scale-up of the arylation and hydrolysis of the resulting products to furnish diarylmethylamines were also successfully performed.
Concurrent surface electromyography and force myography classification during times of prosthetic socket shift and user fatigue (2017)

Additional sensors lead to significantly better signal classification during times of user fatigue, poor socket fit, as well as radial and ulnar wrist deviation. Results from experimentally obtained training data sets are presented.