gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Spectrum Utilisation in a Cognitive Radio Network: An M/M/1-PS Queue Approach (2017)

A channel share scheme is proposed as a solution to the resource allocation problem in cognitive radio networks whereby two secondary users can occupy the same channel simultaneously with the primary user. The solution will increase utilisation thus freeing up much needed spectrum to accommodate many more users. Processor sharing techniques have been developed but have not been extensively applied in cognitive radio networks, specifically, the weighted head of line processor sharing scheme has the potential of improving spectrum usage in networks. In this paper, we propose using transmission power as the basis for the weighting parameter. We then develop the state transition matrices for the model using continuous time Markov chains. Queues are imposed on both secondary users. The model is evaluated through simulations done on various network conditions. The results show that the proposed model offers a significant improvement over an ordinary M/M/1 two priority system. The applications can lead to improved network efficiency by allowing more users to transmit within a network.
Nanowear of atomic force microscope tips: Modeling and experiments (2009)

Abstract. In this paper, a simple analytical model to predict the nanowear of atomic force microscope tips is presented and experimentally validated. The model is based on the assumption that the energy consumed to remove the unit volume is a material/structural (i.e. size-dependent) parameter. Nanoscratch tests show that this hypothesis is plausible and, more importantly, that the specific energy is close to the material strength at the considered size scale, i.e. the theoretical material strength at the nanoscale. With our approach, predictions on nanowear, e.g. for an optimal nanomachine design, can be made a priori. 1.
3D-QSAR Studies of Some [[1-Aryl(or Benzyl)-1-(benzenesulphonamido)methyl] phenyl] Alkanoic Acid Derivatives as Thromboxane A2 Receptor Antagonists (2003)

Thromboxane A(2) receptor antagonists have attracted much attention in recent times in the design of new agents that could be active against diseases such as thrombosis, asthma and myocardial ischemia. 3D-QSAR studies have been performed on a series of [[1-aryl(or benzyl)-1-(benzenesulphonamido)methyl] phenyl] alkanoic acid derivatives by using the receptor surface analysis (RSA) method. The RSA analysis was carried out on 31 analogues of which 25 were used in the training set and the rest considered for the test set. This study produced reasonably good predictive models with good cross-validated and conventional r(2) values in both the models.
<title>A real-time video mosaicking and target tracking system</title> (2005)

This paper describes an automatic video target tracking system that operates on the panoramic image provided by an image mosaicking preprocessing stage. In the mosaic preprocessing stage, a feature-based algorithm is applied to obtain the underlying homography between consecutive frames in a video sequence. With the first frame in the sequence chosen as the base image plane, subsequent frames are warped and merged into a panoramic scene for the video tracking stage. The tracking algorithm calculates the motion vector for each block in a warped frame by comparing it with the panoramic image, and those exceeding the dominant background motion can be considered as blocks belonging to potential moving foreground objects. Image segmentation is then used to recover the boundaries of the foreground objects. After fusing the labeled boundaries with the motion vector information, the potential targets, as well as their feature vectors, are identified. The feature vectors include information pertaining to location, size, and optical characteristics, and are input into a sub-tracker for record keeping. The input to the proposed system is a video stream from a single camera.
Degradation of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance Genes during Exposure to Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (2022)

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a major public health problem in recent years. The occurrence of antibiotics in the environment, especially in wastewater treatment plants, has contributed to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Despite the potential of some conventional processes used in wastewater treatment plants, the removal of ARB and ARGs remains a challenge that requires further research and development of new technologies to avoid the release of emerging contaminants into aquatic environments. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas (NTAPPs) have gained a significant amount of interest for wastewater treatment due to their oxidizing potential. They have shown their effectiveness in the inactivation of a wide range of bacteria in several fields. In this review, we discuss the application of NTAPPs for the degradation of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment.
Annealing effects on the magnetic and structural properties of single-crystalTDAE−C60 (2000)

Annealing effects on the magnetic and structural properties of single-crystal TDAE-${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ are investigated. When a crystal is well-annealed at 350 K, ferromagnetic ordering takes place below 16 K, though no magnetic phase transition is shown in as-grown crystal. The saturated magnetization was obtained to be $0.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}$ per ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}.$ It was first found that the well-annealed crystal shows a structural phase transition around 180 K, probably associated with the orientational ordering of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecules. On the other hand, the as-grown crystal undergoes no structural phase transition at least down to 30 K while the motion of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecules is restricted below around 150 K. The possible relation between the low-temperature structure and the magnetic ordering is discussed.
Cyclic Peptide Helices:  A Hybrid β-Hairpin/β-Helical Supersecondary Structure (2006)

This communication describes the design and characterization of a new peptide motif that is a hybrid of beta-hairpin and beta-helical structures. This motif was supported by CD and IR spectrocopies in nonpolar organic solvents and was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and structure calculations using NMR-derived restraints. The beta-hairpin/beta-helical motif represents a potentially attractive new structural template for a variety of possible applications in biomolecular design, such as ligands for macromolecular targets and building blocks for new protein architectures.
Trustworthy Machine Learning (2022)

Machine learning (ML) techniques have numerous applications in many fields, including healthcare, medicine, finance, marketing, and cyber security. For example, ML techniques are being applied to determine whether to give a loan to a customer or whether the computing system has been attacked. However, the ML techniques themselves may be subject to attacks and may discriminate when determining who should get the loan. Therefore, the ML techniques have to be secure, ensure privacy of the individuals, incorporate fairness and be accurate. Such collection of ML techniques has come to be known as trustworthy machine learning (trustworthy ML). This article describes an architecture to support scalable trustworthy ML and describes the features that have to be incorporated into the ML techniques to ensure that they are trustworthy.
Bioprocess Optimization for the Production of Aromatic Compounds With Metabolically Engineered Hosts: Recent Developments and Future Challenges (2020)

The most common route to produce aromatic chemicals - organic compounds containing at least one benzene ring in their structure - is chemical synthesis. These processes, usually starting from an extracted fossil oil molecule such as benzene, toluene, or xylene, are highly environmentally unfriendly due to the use of non-renewable raw materials, high energy consumption and the usual production of toxic by-products. An alternative way to produce aromatic compounds is extraction from plants. These extractions typically have a low yield and a high purification cost. This motivates the search for alternative platforms to produce aromatic compounds through low-cost and environmentally friendly processes. Microorganisms are able to synthesize aromatic amino acids through the shikimate pathway. The construction of microbial cell factories able to produce the desired molecule from renewable feedstock becomes a promising alternative. This review article focuses on the recent advances in microbial production of aromatic products, with a special emphasis on metabolic engineering strategies, as well as bioprocess optimization. The recent combination of these two techniques has resulted in the development of several alternative processes to produce phenylpropanoids, aromatic alcohols, phenolic aldehydes, and others. Chemical species that were unavailable for human consumption due to the high cost and/or high environmental impact of their production, have now become accessible.
Mapping the Ligand-Binding Region of Borrelia burgdorferi Fibronectin-Binding Protein BBK32 (2001)

The cellular attachment and entry of pathogenic microorganisms can be facilitated by the expression of microbial adhesins that bind fibronectin. We have previously described a Borrelia burgdorferi gene, bbk32, that encodes a 47-kDa fibronectin-binding protein. In this study, the ligand-binding region of BBK32 from B. burgdorferi isolate B31 was localized to 32 amino acids. The bbk32 gene was cloned and sequenced from three additional B. burgdorferi isolates representing different genospecies of B. burgdorferi sensu lato. All four bbk32 genes encoded proteins having fibronectin-binding activity when expressed in Escherichia coli, and the deduced proteins shared 81 to 91% amino acid sequence identity within the ligand-binding domain. In addition, the ligand-binding region of BBK32 was found to share sequence homology with a fibronectin-binding peptide defined for protein F1 of Streptococcus pyogenes. The structural and functional similarity between the ligand-binding region of BBK32 and the UR region of protein F1 suggests a common mechanism of cellular adhesion and entry for B. burgdorferi and S. pyogenes.
Cu2O Inverse Woodpile Photonic Crystals by Prism Holographic Lithography and Electrodeposition (2011)

Copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) inverse woodpile structures with a complete photonic bandgap (PBG) at 765 nm are created by using single prism holographic litho­graphy (HL) to form a polymeric template, followed by Cu2O electrodeposition and template removal. This is the first realization of an inverse woodpile structure exhibiting a complete PBG at or near the visible wavelengths. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Ammunition storage reliability forecasting based on radial basis function neural network (2012)

In order to forecast ammunition storage reliability better, the paper researched a forecasting method based on neural network which is with the ability of actualizing multi-nonlinear mapping from input to output, and discussed steps of forecasting based on radial basis function (RBF) network. The storage reliability of one new-style ammunition is forecasted based on RBF network. The results show that RBF is suitable for ammunition storage reliability forecasting, and the precision of the train goal is better by using RBF network than by using BP network. RBF network is more suitable for dealing with this problem.
Comparison of Hepatocellular Carcinoma miRNA Expression Profiling as Evaluated by Next Generation Sequencing and Microarray (2014)

MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiling has proven useful in diagnosing and understanding the development and progression of several diseases. Microarray is the standard method for analyzing miRNA expression profiles; however, it has several disadvantages, including its limited detection of miRNAs. In recent years, advances in genome sequencing have led to the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, which significantly advance genome sequencing speed and discovery. In this study, we compared the expression profiles obtained by next generation sequencing (NGS) with the profiles created using microarray to assess if NGS could produce a more accurate and complete miRNA profile. Total RNA from 14 hepatocellular carcinoma tumors (HCC) and 6 matched non-tumor control tissues were sequenced with Illumina MiSeq 50-bp single-end reads. Micro RNA expression profiles were estimated using miRDeep2 software. As a comparison, miRNA expression profiles for 11 out of 14 HCCs were also established by microarray (Agilent human microRNA microarray). The average total sequencing exceeded 2.2 million reads per sample and of those reads, approximately 57% mapped to the human genome. The average correlation for miRNA expression between microarray and NGS and subtraction were 0.613 and 0.587, respectively, while miRNA expression between technical replicates was 0.976. The diagnostic accuracy of HCC, p-value, and AUC were 90.0%, 7.22×10(-4), and 0.92, respectively. In summary, NGS created an miRNA expression profile that was reproducible and comparable to that produced by microarray. Moreover, NGS discovered novel miRNAs that were otherwise undetectable by microarray. We believe that miRNA expression profiling by NGS can be a useful diagnostic tool applicable to multiple fields of medicine.
Methamphetamine‐induced neurotoxicity: Roles for glutamate and dopamine efflux (1994)

The neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine (METH) on striatal dopaminergic neurons have been hypothesized to be mediated by excess dopamine (DA) release. In addition, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists block METH-induced DA depletions. This suggests that glutamate also mediates the toxic effects of METH. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that DA and glutamate efflux contribute to METH-induced neurotoxicity. In vivo microdialysis in rats was used to measure extracellular concentrations of striatal DA and glutamate following 3 injections of METH (10 mg/kg, i.p.), each injection given 2 hours apart. One week following the dialysis experiment, rats were sacrificed and the ventral lateral striata were assayed for DA content. Glutamate concentrations in the dialysate increased by over 4-fold after the third METH injection. In these same animals, striatal DA tissue content was significantly depleted. In separate groups of rats, pretreatment with haloperidol (2 mg/kg at the first METH injection) significantly increased METH-induced DA efflux. The haloperidol pretreatment attenuated the extracellular increase in glutamate produced by METH and blocked subsequent neurotoxicity to DA neurons. In contrast, pretreatment with the DA uptake blocker, GBR-12909 (10 mg/kg, 30 min before each METH injection) significantly attenuated the increased DA release produced by METH but did not change glutamate efflux. However, pretreatment with GBR-12909 did protect against the tissue content depletion of DA in the striatum. Based on these findings, it appears that increased DA and glutamate release in the striatum are important and possibly interact in the development of METH-induced neurotoxicity.
A 41‐Year‐Old Woman from Cameroon with Infertility (2008)

Based on the morphologic appearance of the organisms, a diagnosis of Loa loa infection was made (figures 1, 2, and 3; see also video 1, available in the electronic edition of Clinical Infectious Diseases) [1]. The patient subsequently had an endometrial biopsy performed that demonstrated foci of chronic inflammation suggestive of chronic endometritis. Skin snips of the bilateral scapular and iliac crest areas were performed and revealed a single, motile microfilaria consistent with Onchocerca volvulus. An ophthalmologic examination revealed only optic disk changes suspicious for glaucoma. The patient was referred to the Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD), for further care. Additional diagnostic testing performed at the National Institutes of Health included a quantitative blood smear, which showed 3270 L. loa microfilariae/mL; a rapid diagnostic card test (Ov-16) that detects Onchocerca-specific antibodies, which had a positive result; and a Wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia test, which had a negative result.
Two-Site Immunoradiometric Assay of Intact Salmon Calcitonin (1992)

We developed a two-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) of salmon calcitonin (SCT) that detects intact SCT(1-32) and not peptide fragments of the hormone. This was accomplished by using monoclonal antibodies prepared against the peptide fragments SCT(1-11) and SCT(11-32). Two antibodies with specificity for each of the peptides were purified from their respective ascites and evaluated in a two-site format wherein one of the antibodies was adsorbed to polystyrene beads and the other was radioiodinated. In this assay format, the antibody pair detected intact SCT(1-32) but did not react with either SCT(1-11) or SCT(11-32). The sensitivity of the assay could be increased by exchanging the antibodies with respect to bead adsorption and radioiodination. Furthermore, by increasing the incubation time and volume of incubation of sample with the polystyrene-bead-adsorbed antibody, the effective detection limit of the assay could be improved. This assay system can be used to detect intact SCT when the presence of fragments of the hormone might otherwise complicate interpretation of assay data.
Real-time Modeling and Simulation Method of Digital Twin Production Line (2019)

In view of the low efficiency of production line modeling method and the poor quality of the production line model, this paper proposes the concept of digital twin production line by analyzing the simulation & modeling of production line and digital twin, and analyzes the composition of digital twin production line. Then the real-time modeling and simulation method of digital twin production line is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by taking a product assembly line as an example.
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 induce pronounced hypertrophy of skeletal myofibers in tissue culture (1990)

Skeletal myofibers differentiated from primary avian myoblasts in tissue culture can be maintained in positive nitrogen balance in a serum-free medium for at least 6 to 7 days when embedded in a three dimensional collagen gel matrix. The myofibers are metabolically sensitive to physiological concentrations of insulin but these concentrations do not stimulate cell growth. Higher insulin concentrations stimulate both cell hyperplasia and myofiber hypertrophy. Cell growth results from a long term 42 percent increase in total protein synthesis and a 38 percent increase in protein degradation. Myofiber diameters increase by 71 to 98 percent after 6 to 7 days in insulin-containing medium. Insulin-like growth factor-1 but not insulin-like growth factor-2, at 250 ng/ml, is as effective as insulin in stimulating cell hyperplasia and myofiber hypertrophy. This model system provides a new method for studying the long-term anabolic effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factors on myofiber hypertrophy under defined tissue culture conditions.
Characterization of antigen-binding receptors in vitro. I. An equilibrium method for measuring antigen binding in murine cells. (1977)

This study reports a novel method for studying the binding of soluble antigen (bovine serum albumin, BSA) to surface receptors on lymphoid cell populations under equilibrium conditions in the presence of 10% normal rabbit serum or 20 mg/ml of ovalbumin. Virtually no nonspecific uptake was demonstrated to nonlymphoid tissues. Detectable quantities of BSA could be found on both nonimmune and immune lymphoid populations. The binding of BSA was demonstrated to be antigen specific and to be proportional to the numbers of binding cells. The quantity of antigen bound was proportional to the free antigen exposed to the population and saturation could be achieved with 1 to 2 microgram of antigen/1.2 ml of culture, per 10 X 10(7) cells. The kinetics of antigen binding was very rapid and occurred within 10 min at 4, 27, and 37 degrees C. The binding was independent of the viability of cells. Binding was antigen specific and could be partially blocked by cross-reacting serum albumins, but not by non-cross-reacting albumins. Binding was independent of cytophylic antibody concentrations in the serum.
Trazodone hydrochloride in the treatment of dysesthetic pain in traumatic myelopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (1987)

Dysesthetic pain following traumatic myelopathy is characterized by diffuse burning and tingling sensations distal to the level of spinal injury. The dysesthetic pain syndrome (DPS) can compromise performance of functional abilities and inhibit participation in rehabilitation programs. Recent laboratory evidence suggests that antidepressant medications with selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake in the brain may be associated with superior analgesic effect compared to such non-selective agents as amitriptyline. Trazodone hydrochloride is a potent presynaptic serotonin reuptake blocker with few anticholinergic and cardiovascular side effects. This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of trazodone hydrochloride for the treatment of DPS. Following a 2-week placebo lead-in period, patients were randomized to a 6-week course of 150 mg trazodone hydrochloride/day or placebo. Evaluations of pain quality and intensity were performed at 2-week intervals, utilizing the McGill Pain Questionnaire, Sternbach Pain Intensity Scale, and Zung Pain and Distress Index. Neurologic examination and assessment of side effects were performed at each evaluation session. No significant changes were noted in reported pain measures between patients allocated to the active drug group and those given placebo during the course of the protocol. However, significantly more patients randomized to trazodone complained of side effects and prematurely terminated their participation in the study. The results of this investigation are consistent with those of other earlier trials which indicate that such antidepressant medications as trazodone hydrochloride which selectively inhibit presynaptic reuptake of serotonin, may not be effective in the control of certain pain syndromes. These results do not preclude the possible utility of these agents in the treatment of other pain syndromes or at higher doses than previously studied.