gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation into the physicochemical interactions of silica nanoparticles and EPS biomolecules within the biofilm matrix of Pseudomonas spp. (2019)

Difficulties in the removal of bacterial biofilms in the industrial and biomedical sectors have driven the development of new technologies. Although numerous studies have highlighted the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as antibiofilm agents, the fundamental physicochemical interactions between NPs and the biofilm matrix is still poorly understood 1. The development of ‘smart nanoparticles’ for biofilm removal requires an in-depth understanding of the complex interactions between NPs and biomolecules within the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the biofilm matrix. These interactions are highly dependent on the physical and chemical properties of the NPs 2. In order to identify and characterize the specificity of binding and the direct interaction between silica NPs (SiNPs) and EPS matrix components of Pseudomonas spp. biofilms, a range of experiments were carried out. Biofilms were exposed to SiNPs of different sizes, charges and surface functionalization while biomolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA were fluorescently labelled and their distribution, relative abundance and their colocalization with SiNPs within the biofilm was quantitatively assessed using CLSM microscopy. Changes to the SiNPs size and surface-chemistry dramatically affected their interactions with biomolecules in the biofilm matrix. This includes the increased affinity (or interaction) of SiNPs to preferentially bind to proteins and beta-linked polysaccharides and also lead to changes in the degree to which aggregation of SiNPs occurs within and on the surface of the biofilm. 1. Ikuma K et al. (2015). Front. Microbiol. 6, 591 2. Bewersdorff, et al. (2017). Int. J. Nanomed . 12, 2001–2019
Nutritional vitamin D supplementation in haemodialysis: A potential vascular benefit? (2011)

Patients receiving ergocalciferol had lower plasma levels of vascular adhesion molecules despite equivalent use of activated vitamin D therapy. Future investigations should confirm the role of nutritional vitamin D therapy, in addition to activated D therapy, in haemodialysis patients and the potential vascular benefits of these agents.
Advances in Concurrent Multilevel Simulation (1987)

Fault simulation of circuits described at multiple levels of abstraction (RT, gate, switch) is a major problem in the area of CAD and testing. Although the concurrent paradigm is generally acknowledged as the most efficient, several techniques are crucial to successfully extend it to multilevel simulation of large circuits. In particular, based on multilist traversal, fraternal event processing, list events, and levelizing, advances are presented here in simulation speed, accuracy, and generality. For zero-delay elements, the simulation of irrelevant activity is avoided, but the accuracy of structural (interconnect) logic simulation is maintained. What is described here has been implemented in MOZART, and detailed experimental results are reported. Relative to the good machine, the average faulty machine is simulated 900 to 17 000 times faster. The approach presented is not restricted to fault simulation, and is thus applicable to the new area of concurrent case simulation.
Cryogenics for the CERN Solar Axion Telescope (CAST) using a LHC dipole prototype magnet (2002)

The axion, an as yet hypothetical particle predicted from the solution of the strong CP problem, constitutes a prime candidate for the galactic dark matter and also arises in supersymmetry and superstring theories. If existing, axions should be copiously produced in stellar interiors and there are theoretical expectations for a low-energy axion emission spectrum peaked around a mean energy of ~ 4.4 keV. To provide the experimental proof, a solar axion telescope is at present installed at CERN, which is expected to be in total 10-12 times more efficient than the present largest set-up in operation at the University of Tokyo. The telescope will use a decommissioned 10-m long LHC superconducting dipole prototype magnet, providing a magnetic field of 9 T in operation, to catalyse the solar axion to photon conversion, which then can be detected by low-background x-ray detectors. The paper describes the external and proximity cryogenic systems and their integration into the overall telescope assembly.
Wnt signaling during BMP‐2 stimulation of mesenchymal chondrogenesis (2002)

Abstract Members of both the Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) families of signaling molecules have been implicated in the regulation of cartilage development. A key component of the Wnt signaling pathway is the cytosolic protein, β‐catenin. We have recently shown that the chondrogenic activity of BMP‐2 in vitro involves the action of the cell–cell adhesion protein, N‐cadherin, which functionally complexes with β‐catenin. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that Wnts may be involved in BMP‐2 induced chondrogenesis, using an in vitro model of high‐density micromass cultures of the murine multipotent mesenchymal cell line, C3H10T1/2. Expression of a number of Wnt members was detected in these cultures, including Wnt‐3A and Wnt‐7A, whose levels were up‐ and downregulated, respectively, by BMP‐2. To assess the functional involvement of Wnt signaling in BMP‐2 induced chondrogenesis, cultures were treated with lithium chloride, a Wnt‐7A mimetic that acts by inhibiting the serine/threonine phosphorylation activity of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β). Lithium treatment significantly inhibited BMP‐2 stimulation of chondrogenesis as well as GSK‐3β enzymatic activity, and decreased the levels of N‐cadherin protein and mRNA. Furthermore, lithium decreased BMP‐2 upregulation of total and nuclear levels of LEF‐1 and β‐catenin as well as their interaction during later chondrogenesis; similarly, the interaction of β‐catenin with N‐cadherin was also decreased. Interestingly, lithium treatment did not affect the ability of BMP‐2 to decrease ubiquitination of β‐catenin, although it did reduce the interaction of β‐catenin with GSK‐3β during late chondrogenesis (days 9–13). We suggest that the chondro‐inhibitory effect of lithium on BMP‐2 induced chondrogenesis indicates antagonism between lithium‐like Wnts and BMP‐2 during mesenchymal condensation. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 816–831, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Timing-mismatch analysis in high-speed analog front-end with nonuniformly holding output (2003)

This paper presents a practical and complete analysis of timing-mismatch effects for high-speed analog front-end (AFE) systems with inherent nonuniformly holding outputs. The analysis reveals first the relationship with traditional impulse-sampled timing-mismatch effects and then its closed-form expressions of the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), in terms of the number of channels, signal frequency, and jitter errors. Both timing errors imposed by random clock-jitter and fixed periodic clock-skew are analyzed. Practical analysis examples for a very high-speed data-converter as well as a AFE filtering are addressed to illustrate the effectiveness of the derived formula.
Fast averaging (2011)

We are interested in the following question: given n numbers x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , ..., x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> , what sorts of approximation of average x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ave</sub> = 1overn (x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> + ... + x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> ) can be achieved by knowing only r of these n numbers. Indeed the answer depends on the variation in these n numbers. As the main result, we show that if the vector of these n numbers satisfies certain regularity properties captured in the form of finiteness of their empirical moments (third or higher), then it is possible to compute approximation of x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ave</sub> that is within 1 ±ε multiplicative factor with probability at least 1 - δ by choosing, on an average, r = r(ε, δ, σ) of the n numbers at random with r is dependent only on ε, δ and the amount of variation σ in the vector and is independent of n. The task of computing average has a variety of applications such as distributed estimation and optimization, a model for reaching consensus and computing symmetric functions. We discuss implications of the result in the context of two applications: load-balancing in a computational facility running MapReduce, and fast distributed averaging.
Rapid Detection of Bacteria from Blood with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2016)

Traditional methods for identifying pathogens in bacteremic patients are slow (24-48+ h). This can lead to physicians making treatment decisions based on an incomplete diagnosis and potentially increasing the patient's mortality risk. To decrease time to diagnosis, we have developed a novel technology that can recover viable bacteria directly from whole blood and identify them in less than 7 h. Our technology combines a sample preparation process with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The sample preparation process enriches viable microorganisms from 10 mL of whole blood into a 200 μL aliquot. After a short incubation period, SERS is used to identify the microorganisms. We further demonstrated that SERS can be used as a broad detection method, as it identified a model set of 17 clinical blood culture isolates and microbial reference strains with 100% identification agreement. By applying the integrated technology of sample preparation and SERS to spiked whole blood samples, we were able to correctly identify both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 97% of the time with 97% specificity and 88% sensitivity.
Modeling, simulation, and model-based control of the walking machine ALDURO (2000)

The system under investigation is the hydraulically driven autonomous large scale-combined legged and wheeled vehicle, the anthropomorphically legged and wheeled Duisburg robot (ALDURO). In this paper, a complete mechatronic simulation model, realized in the object-oriented programming language C++, is presented. It contains the mechanical system including an explicit solution of the kinematic loops, a model of the ground contact, and the dynamics of the complete hydraulic system, as well as a force-based motion control concept based on an exact input-output linearization using decentralized force controllers. Some simulation results are shown to demonstrate the function of the simulation model and the control concept presented.
The manifold actions of endocannabinoids on female and male reproductive events (2010)

Epidemiological studies have highlighted the ever growing use of illegal drugs among teenagers. The negative effects of marijuana (a Cannabis sativa extract) on reproductive health are poorly known among young people, although chronic exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive constituent of marijuana, impairs human reproductive potential by disrupting menstrual cycle, suppressing oogenesis and impairing embryo implantation and development, in women, and by increasing ejaculation problems, reducing sperm count and motility, and generating loss of libido and impotence, in men. Endocannabinoids, their metabolic enzymes and target receptors form the so called "endocannabinoid system" and they have been demonstrated to respond to fertility signals. In addition, they interfere with hormones, cytokines and other signalling molecules in both female and male reproductive events. In this review, we shall summarize the current knowledge on the endocannabinoid system, and on the multifaceted roles played by endocannabinoids in reproduction along the evolutionary axis from invertebrates to mammals. Furthermore, we shall discuss the potential use of distinct elements of the endocannabinoid system for the diagnosis and/or treatment of human infertility.
Video retrieval based on combined color and texture feature in MPEG-7 (2007)

Content-based video retrieval is a hot topic on video research subject today. To avoid the drawback of traditional retrieval methods which depend on only one feature such as color, texture, shape, movement, this paper put forward a new method which uses both color layout descriptor and homogeneous texture in description MPEG-7. The method extracts color layout descriptor and homogeneous texture descriptor, afterward these two descriptors are normalized. According to the result of retrieving video feature database, it can be concluded that using both features can increase the accuracy and the result suits more to the human vision need.
Efficient job scheduling in a mesh multicomputer without discrimination against large jobs (2002)

Many innovative schemes for allocating jobs to parallel computing systems have been proposed in order to achieve highly utilized parallel computing systems. The schemes have tried to achieve good job response times with little system fragmentation of processing resources. Since most schemes have concentrated on approaches for processor allocation, the schemes have used First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) as the job scheduling discipline. However, it has been previously established that job scheduling algorithms for parallel computing systems can have a large impact on the system utilization and job response time. Schemes that use multiple queues, which reorder the sequence of jobs allocated to the parallel system, can be very effective in improving the system performance. However, such non-FCFS schemes have been criticized because they provide improved average performance by favoring small jobs at the expense of large jobs. In order to achieve improved performance by means of multiple queue job scheduling schemes without sacrificing the fairness of FCFS, we propose a new job scheduling discipline that behaves in a FCFS manner under low loaded conditions, but exploits performance enhancing features of multiple queue schemes under highly loaded conditions. In addition, the scheme does not inappropriately discriminate against large jobs.
Colposcopy Quality Control (1998)

The ALTS colposcopy QC monitors achieved poor to good observer agreement with histology, fair to excellent interobserver agreement, and good to excellent intraobserver agreement in assessing the severity of cervical images. These levels of agreement are similar to many reported by pathologists for cervical cytology and histology interpretations. Monitors also demonstrated a very narrow variation of distance (< 2 mm) for ideal biopsy site placement.
Predicting web actions from HTML content (2002)

Most proposed Web prefetching techniques make predictions based on the historical references to requested objects. In contrast, this paper examines the accuracy of predicting a user's next action based on analysis of the content of the pages requested recently by the user. Predictions are made using the similarity of a model of the user's interest to the text in and around the hypertext anchors of recently requested Web pages. This approa22ch can make predictions of actions that have never been taken by the user and potentially make predictions that reflect current user interests. We evaluate this technique using data from a full-content log of Web activity and find that textual similarity-based predictions outperform simpler approaches.
Time-resolved fluorimetry via a new cross-correlation method (1979)

A new instrument for the measurement fo short fluorescence lifetimes is discussed and characterized. The instrument is basically an implementation of the cross-correlation between the excitation source and the induced fluorescence response. Such an approach, with a mode-locked argon-ion laser as the source, is shown to be capable of measuring lifetimes as short as 80ps with a precision of 10ps. The instrument is simpler and less costly than others of similar capability.
Simultaneous Anterior and Posterior Approaches for Complex Acetabular Fractures (2008)

Simultaneous Kocher-Langenbeck and iliofemoral exposures of the acetabulum are a safe and useful alternative to other extensile exposures and can be performed with similar morbidity. The advantages of simultaneous anterior and posterior approaches over extensile exposures include the absence of a trochanteric osteotomy. The combined approach is most useful in transverse, transverse posterior wall fractures with wide anterior displacement, T type fractures with significant anterior-inferior displacement, or both column fractures with posterior wall involvement.
The Gyrotron (1977)

This paper describes the genealogical tree of the gyrotron, stimulated emission of cyclotron radiation in microwave electronics from magnetron to gyrotron, and arrangement of the gyrotron. The structure of the alternating field in the gyrotron is also given, along with motion and bunching of electrons near cyclotron resonance, equations of the gyrotron, and varieties of the gyrotron. A review of experimental studies is discussed, with problems of utilization of stimulated emission cyclotron radiation.
Bremia lactucaeand Lettuce Downy Mildew (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Taxonomy, Host Range, and Importance Culture Host-Pathogen Interactions Classic and Molecular Genetics of Host Resistance Mating System Somatic Variation Genetics of Avirulence Genetic Mapping Karyotype and Chromosomal Assignment of Markers Epidemiology Genome Size and Composition Transformation Molecular Genetics and Genomics Future Directions Acknowledgments References
Production of putative virulence factors by Renibacterium salmoninarum grown in cell culture (1997)

A cell culture system, employing the fish cell line Epithelioma papillosum cyprini (EPC), was developed to study the synthesis of intracellular antigen and the expression of putative virulence factors by Renibacterium salmoninarum. EPC cultures infected with R. salmoninarum could be maintained for 7 weeks, during which the pathogen multiplied intracellularly. Immunohistochemical examination of infected cultures revealed the production of the p57 antigen, haemolysin and cytolysin. The intracellular nature of the infection was confirmed by transmission electron microscopic examination of EPC monolayers. A comparison of the relative virulence of bacterial cells cultured in EPC cells and on agar plates revealed that the former were markedly more virulent in challenge experiments with juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). The EPC cell culture model provided a system for the study of R. salmoninarum under more natural conditions than those achieved with plate culture techniques.
Interaction Between Electrons and Moving Dislocations in Superconductors (1970)

The interaction between a moving dislocation and the electrons in a superconductor is treated theoretically. The results are in qualitative agreement with recent measurements of flow stress in superconductors.
One-Time Templates for Face Authentication (2007)

This paper proposes a novel scheme for one-time templates for face authentication. The suggested method changes templates after each completion of authentication like one-time passwords, thus the snapped templates cannot be reused. Matching between a gallery and a probe is performed by Euclidean distance and cosine function as in their primal form without recovering their original templates even though the templates are transformed. The suggested method does not require much modification of conventional face recognition methods and can be built on established systems as an add-on.
Effects of modifications of α-crystallin on its chaperone and other properties (2002)

The role of alpha-crystallin, a small heat-shock protein and chaperone, may explain how the lens stays transparent for so long. alpha-Crystallin prevents the aggregation of other lens crystallins and proteins that have become unfolded by 'trapping' the protein in a high-molecular-mass complex. However, during aging, the chaperone function of alpha-crystallin becomes compromised, allowing the formation of light-scattering aggregates that can proceed to form cataracts. Within the central part of the lens there is no turnover of damaged protein, and therefore post-translational modifications of alpha-crystallin accumulate that can reduce chaperone function; this is compounded in cataract lenses. Extensive in vitro glycation, carbamylation and oxidation all decrease chaperone ability. In the present study, we report the effect of the modifiers malondialdehyde, acetaldehyde and methylglyoxal, all of which are pertinent to cataract. Also modification by aspirin, which is known to delay cataract and other diseases, has been investigated. Recently, two point mutations of arginine residues were shown to cause congenital cataract. 1,2-Cyclohexanedione modifies arginine residues, and the extent of modification needed for a change in chaperone function was investigated. Only methylglyoxal and extensive modification by 1,2-cyclohexanedione caused a decrease in chaperone function. This highlights the robust nature of alpha-crystallin.
Optimal Blood Mononuclear Cell Isolation Procedures for Gamma Interferon Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Testing of Healthy Swedish and Tanzanian Subjects (2008)

Determination of antigen-specific T-cell responses is an important part of vaccine assessment. High levels of recovery, viability, and functionality of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are essential for reliable assessment of cell-mediated immune responses. Here, we sought to find the cell preparation technique best suited for two clinical vaccine trial sites: Stockholm, Sweden, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Standard Ficoll-Paque gradient centrifugation, BD Vacutainer cell preparation tube (CPT), and Greiner Bio-One LeucoSep tube techniques were tested. Cell yield and viability were recorded. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) testing was used to assess cell functionality. No differences in mean recovery or mean viability of fresh PBMCs were observed between Ficoll-Paque gradient centrifugation and CPT techniques as used in Stockholm. In Dar es Salaam, recovery of PBMCs isolated by use of the Ficoll-Paque gradient technique was higher than that seen with CPT (1.58 +/- 0.6 versus 1.34 +/- 0.4 million cells/ml of blood [P = 0.0469]), and the viability of PBMCs processed by Ficoll-Paque gradient was higher than that seen with CPT-purified cells (95.8% +/- 2.3% versus 92.6% +/- 4.8% [P = 0.0081]). Furthermore, LeucoSep cell separation gave higher levels of yield (1.10 +/- 0.3 versus 0.92 +/- 0.3 million cells/ml of blood [P = 0.0022]) and viability (95.7% +/- 2.0% versus 93.4% +/- 3.2% [P = 0.0012]) than Ficoll-Paque cell separation. The cells purified by the different techniques at the two sites performed equally well in IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays. Both techniques generated cell preparations with excellent yield, viability, and functionality in Stockholm. In Dar es Salaam, CPT did not perform as well as Ficoll-Paque separation. In a subsequent comparison, LeucoSep performed better than Ficoll-Paque separation. Our findings emphasize the need for on-site assessment of PBMC purification techniques for optimal evaluation of cell-mediated immune responses.