gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Different mechanisms for changes in glucose uptake of the right and left ventricular myocardium in pulmonary hypertension. (2005)

Increasing right-to-left ratios of glucose uptake with an increasing pressure load in the right ventricle in PH are caused mainly by a significant reduction in the LV metabolic rate of glucose uptake. This is obviously due to a reduced energy demand of the LV myocardium caused by reduced stroke work. An increased metabolic rate of glucose uptake in the right ventricle presumably indicates RV impairment, correlating with the Tei index, which is an established prognostic parameter for cardiac dysfunction and poor survival.
Power allocation in a transmit diversity system with mean channel gain information (2005)

We study the power allocation problem in a transmit diversity wireless system with mean channel gain information. In Rayleigh fading for a given set of mean channel gains and nodes, we seek to find the power allocation that minimizes the outage probability subject to a total power constraint. The optimal solution is shown to be computationally intensive when the number of channels is large. Instead, we derive a simple solution based on the upper bound to the outage probability which can be summarized as equal power allocation with channel selection. Numerical results show that the proposed solution is near-optimal over a wide range of parameter values. The problem addressed and the solution are relevant to a decode-and-forward cooperative relaying system with only partial channel information available to the relays.
Metasurfaces for Reconfiguration of Multi-Polarization Antennas and Van Atta Reflector Arrays (2020)

This paper discusses the application of metasurfaces for three different classes of antennas: reconfiguration of surface-wave antenna arrays, realization of high-gain polarization-reconfigurable leaky-wave antennas (LWAs), and performance enhancement of van Atta retrodirective reflectors. The proposed surface-wave antenna is designed by embedding four square ring elements within a metasurface, which improves matching and enhances the gain when compared to conventional square-ring arrays. The design for linear polarization comprises of a 1 × 4 arrangement of ring elements, with a 0.56λ spacing, placed amidst periodic patches. A 2 × 2 arrangement of ring elements is utilized for reconfiguration from linear to circular polarization, where a similar peak gain with better port isolation is realized. A prototype of the 2 × 2 array is fabricated and measured; a good agreement is observed between simulations and measurements. In addition, the concepts of the design of polarization-diverse holographic metasurface LWAs that form a pencil beam in the desired direction with a reconfigurable polarization are discussed. Moreover, recent developments incorporating polarization-reconfigurability in metasurface LWAs are briefly reviewed. In the end, the theory of van Atta arrays is outlined and their monostatic RCS is reviewed. A conventional retrodirective array is designed using aperture-coupled patch antennas with a microstrip-line feeding network, where the scattering from the structure itself degrades the performance of the reflector. This is followed by the integration of judiciously synthesized metasurfaces to reconfigure and improve the performance of retrodirective reflectarrays by removing the above-mentioned undesired scattering from the structure.
Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in 401 consecutive Geneva cancer patients (2022)

Abstract Objective Robust epidemiological and audiological data are needed to prepare for future clinical trials aiming at preventing cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in this suffering cancer population. We precisely assessed the incidence, severity and potential risk factors of symptomatic cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in a large cohort of adults. Methods Retrospective cohort study at a tertiary care university hospital. Study group included 401 consecutive patients over 18 years old treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, without concomitant inner ear radiotherapy nor other ototoxic medication. Every participant underwent baseline pre-treatment audiometry and were asked for otological symptoms (tinnitus, hearing loss). If symptomatic, comparative audiometry was performed. Ototoxicity was defined by a threshold shift ≥ 15 dB HL in at least one of the tested frequencies. Results A total of n = 401 cancer patients (59% males) with a mean age of 56 years (range 18–80 years). N = 81 patients (20%) developed symptomatic ototoxicity, affecting predominantly the high frequencies from 4 to 8 kHz. Among the patients with cisplatin-induced hearing loss, n = 49 (60%) experienced simultaneous tinnitus, occurring in over half of them after the first cycle of chemotherapy. None of the analyzed potential risk factors age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, vasculopathy, dyslipidemia, chemotherapeutic regimen and cumulative cisplatin dose was statistically correlated with the occurrence or severity of cisplatin-induced hearing loss. Conclusion One out of five adult cancer patients treated with cisplatin chemotherapy developed a symptomatic and predominant high-frequency hearing loss, with simultaneous occurrence of tinnitus in over half of them. Standardized audiological monitoring before and during cisplatin chemotherapy allows to quantitatively assess early and objective signs of ototoxicity and offers to optimize anticancer therapy while minimizing morbidity in a multidisciplinary setting.
Etch Rates and Selectivities of Citric Acid/Hydrogen Peroxide on GaAs , Al0.3Ga0.7As , In0.2Ga0.8As , In0.53Ga0.47As , In0.52Al0.48As , and InP (1992)

Etching studies involving citric acid/hydrogen peroxide at volume ratios from 0.5:1 to 50:1 were found to provide good selective etching of various III‐V semiconductor materials grown on and substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. Both selective and uniform (nonselective) etching regions were found between these material systems by choosing different concentration volume ratios of citric acid/hydrogen peroxide . Etchant selectivities, defined as a ratio of the etch rates, for the materials were measured to be as high as 116 for and 120 for . In addition, the system had selectivities of approximately 60 and 100 for and , with the highest selectivity of 473 found for . The citric acid/hydrogen peroxide system can be used as a stop etch for devices, as is virtually unaffected by this etchant. Finally, citric acid/hydrogen peroxide can be used to preferentially etch these materials through a photoresist mask, since it does not erode photoresist at any volume ratio.
A study of directional MEMS dual-fences gauge (2015)

In this paper, MEMS surface fence gauges are developed to measure simultaneously the magnitude and direction of wall shear stress in wind tunnel under two-dimensional turbulent boundary layers. The dual-fences are packaged together orthogonal to each other. In order to avoid the mutual influence caused by the flow field disturbance, the optimization analysis of the relative location of the two fences is carried out, and the simulation results indicate that the coupling influence between dual-fences was basically eliminated while the separation distance of two fences is four times its own length. Comparison experiments are made to verify the correctness of the flow simulation results, and the directional sensitivities of dual MEMS surface fence are calibrated, which indicated that MEMS dual-fences are equipped to distinguish direction of wall shear stress.
Hemoglobin and DNA adducts in rats exposed to 2-nitrotoluene (2003)

2-Nitrotoluene (2NT) is an important commercial chemical intermediate. A recent National Toxicology Programme (NTP)-study demonstrated clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of 2NT in rats. In the present study male WELS-Fohm rats were dosed chronically with 2NT, 5 days a week for 12 weeks. Hemoglobin (Hb) adducts and hepatic DNA adducts were analyzed. After mild base treatment of Hb, 2-methylaniline (2MA) was released and quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 2'-Deoxyguanosine (dG) and 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA) adducts of 2MA were found in hepatic DNA using electrospray-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The dG adduct found in vivo did not co-elute with N-(2'-deoxyguanosine-8-yl)-2-methylaniline which is the expected adduct for arylamines. The dG adduct detected in the dosed rats was not present in calf thymus-DNA (ct-DNA) modified in vitro with N-acetoxy-2MA. The dA adduct detected in rats was a very minor product in ct-DNA modified in vitro. The dG and dA adducts found in the 2NT-dosed rats increased with the dose. The same increase was seen for the Hb adduct levels measured in the same animals. The increase of DNA and Hb adduct levels were supralinear. There was a very strong linear relationship between the level of dG-2MA adducts and dA-2MA adducts in hepatic DNA from rats administered 2NT over the whole dose range studied (r(2) = 0.9). A strong linear relationship also existed between the level of dG-2MA or dA-2MA adducts, in hepatic DNA, and Hb adducts, over the whole dose range (r(2) > or = 0.9). Thus, there was strong evidence to support the notion that Hb adducts were an effective surrogate marker for the hepatic DNA damage of rats chronically administered 2NT.
A proposition and an evaluation for compact multiple odor scan system (2015)

Olfactory, which is one of human senses, is not applied for computer application. It is contrastive to other study as visual and auditory. An olfactory sensing system is tried to realize as a new interface system for computer systems. Fundamental of the sensing system is gas sensing technology, because an olfactory is detection of molecules in air. We are studying to realize methods of the artificial olfactory system with compact. However, building the small sensing system is hard, because usual systems require complex air system for accuracy classification. A reason of being complex is the usual system needs clean air for setting base of the sensor. So in case of only to use for artificial olfactory, we try to realize the sensing system without the clean air system. In this paper, we shown the sensing system without clean air system, and it has an air filter for basis of sensing. Our proposed system scans odorant after resetting sensors by using filtered air. Furthermore, the system can multi-scan with automatically. In experimental section of this paper, we show an experimental system with these function. The experimental results show an ability of our proposed system to realize a compact artificial olfactory system.
Improved heart rate detection using smart phone (2014)

Smart Phone based health care is a very recent topic and various methods for detection of heart rate are available. Reflective photoplethysmography (PPG) is used to measure heart rate of a person while placing the finger on the camera of a smart phone. In this paper, authors have proposed the usage of certain signal processing components to enhance the performance while retaining low complexity. Overlapping window based approach improves the accuracy of the solution. Post processing components are implemented in both time and frequency domain to detect the erroneous signals and remove false positives. Results indicate that, by additionally employing the above components, more than 50% improvement in heart rate detection accuracy is achieved as compared to a standard spectral based approach.
Immune Memory After Respiratory Infection With Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Revealed by in vitro Stimulation of Murine Splenocytes With Inactivated Pneumococcal Whole Cells: Evidence of Early Recall Responses by Transcriptomic Analysis (2022)

The <i>in vitro</i> stimulation of immune system cells with live or killed bacteria is essential for understanding the host response to pathogens. In the present study, we propose a model combining transcriptomic and cytokine assays on murine splenocytes to describe the immune recall in the days following pneumococcal lung infection. Mice were sacrificed at days 1, 2, 4, and 7 after <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (TIGR4 serotype 4) intranasal infection and splenocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of the same inactivated bacterial strain to access the transcriptomic and cytokine profiles. The stimulation of splenocytes from infected mice led to a higher number of differentially expressed genes than the infection or stimulation alone, resulting in the enrichment of 40 unique blood transcription modules, including many pathways related to adaptive immunity and cytokines. Together with transcriptomic data, cytokines levels suggested the presence of a recall immune response promoting both innate and adaptive immunity, stronger from the fourth day after infection. Dimensionality reduction and feature selection identified key variables of this recall response and the genes associated with the increase in cytokine concentrations. This model could study the immune responses involved in pneumococcal infection and possibly monitor vaccine immune response and experimental therapies efficacy in future studies.
Immersive authoring (2005)

Users experience and verify immersive content firsthand while creating it within the same virtual environment.
AcrySof Natural intraocular lens optical characteristics during and after different doses of ultraviolet-visible light illumination (2006)

The AcrySof Natural IOL has stable optical characteristics.
Molar Pregnancy in Adolescents (2012)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation of hydatidiform molar pregnancy in women under the age of 20 years. In addition, we sought to understand if this adolescent population manifests differences in clinical factors compared to an adult population that may affect outcome.STUDY DESIGN: We used a database from the New England Trophoblastic Disease Center to analyze clinical data from all women followed for molar pregnancy between 1970 and 2009 with complete follow-up information. This population was stratified by age and clinical parameters including presenting signs, molar histology and development of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was employed to discern clinical factors that associated with adolescent age. The Partners Human Research Committee approved this study.RESULTS: We identified 1,494 women diagnosed with hydatidiform mole (HM), of which 220 (14.7%) were adolescents defined as age &lt;20 years. The most common presenting clinical signs were vaginal bleeding and an enlarged uterus compared to dates. Median gestational age at diagnosis was 13.4 weeks, not different from that in the adult population. Similarly, no difference in presenting human chorionic gonadotropin was observed between the adult and adolescent populations. Adolescents presented with a significant overrepresentation of complete mole (86% vs. 75%, p &lt; 0.001) compared to adults. Complete mole was associated with a heightened risk of developing GTN (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.9-3.5), and despite the association of complete mole with young maternal age, univariable analysis showed no difference in the rate of GTN observed between adolescents and adults (24% vs. 30%, p = 0.08). Multivariable analysis controlling for molar histology demonstrated that adolescent age was associated with a decreased risk of GTN (hazard ratio 0.67, 95% CI 0.48 0.93).CONCLUSION: Adolescents account for a substantial proportion of the population with HM. They commonly present with vaginal bleeding. Though this population develops a complete mole with a higher frequency than adults, adolescents appear to have a significantly decreased risk of developing GTN. (J Reprod Med 2012; 57:225-230)
Transient-Robust Reference Governors: An Extension to Systems with Non-invertible Steady-State Mappings (2021)

In our previous work, we presented a constraint management technique, referred to as the Transient-Robust Reference Governor (TR-RG), to enforce state, output, and control constraints in closed-loop nonlinear systems. One of the key assumptions behind the TR-RG is that the input-output mapping of the nonlinear system is available at steady-state and, furthermore, this mapping is invertible. While this assumption holds in some situations (e.g., engine control in automotive applications), it does not hold in general (e.g., inverted pendulum control problem). To overcome this limitation, this paper extends TR-RG to a wider class of nonlinear systems, namely those with non-invertible or uncertain steady-state characterizations. Theoretical guarantees of constraint enforcement using this scheme are provided. Finally, the scheme is illustrated using two practical examples.
Effectiveness of Cyclic Redundancy Checks under harsh electromagnetic disturbances (2017)

Modern programmable electronic devices are becoming more and more susceptible to Electromagnetic Interference, meanwhile relying heavily on communication networks. In those networks, Cyclic Redundancy Checks (CRCs) are widely used to validate the correctness of transmitted data. However, this paper shows that, at specific bit and disturbance frequencies, CRC can generate false positives. A formula to predict those is presented. By using an in-house simulation framework, different case studies are simulated to find if false positives can occur. At some frequencies, the amount of false positives can rise asymptotically to up to 50% of all received data words. Techniques to overcome this downside are provided and reviewed.
Highly linear voltage-controlled CMOS transconductors (1993)

A circuit technique for realizing voltage-tunable linear high-frequency CMOS transconductor cells that use two cross-coupled MOS or CMOS transistor pairs operating at saturation is described. The tuning capabilities attained with an adjustable CMOS voltage source are examined. Design trade-offs between linearity and bandwidth are discussed, and a simple operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) example is simulated via SPICE. The simulation results show that the transconductance can be varied by a factor of 8 and that, for a power supply of +or-5 V, the linearity error is less than 0.5% for an input voltage of +or-3.0 V. A cutoff frequency of over 370 MHz is obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Filovirus Antiviral Activity of Cationic Amphiphilic Drugs Is Associated with Lipophilicity and Ability To Induce Phospholipidosis (2020)

Several cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) have been found to inhibit cell entry of filoviruses and other enveloped viruses. Structurally unrelated CADs may have antiviral activity, yet the underlying common mechanism and structure-activity relationship are incompletely understood. We aimed to understand how widespread antiviral activity is among CADs and which structural and physico-chemical properties are linked to entry inhibition. We measured inhibition of Marburg virus pseudoparticle (MARVpp) cell entry by 45 heterogeneous and mostly FDA-approved CADs and cytotoxicity in EA.hy926 cells. We analyzed correlation of antiviral activity with four chemical properties: pKa, hydrophobicity (octanol/water partitioning coefficient; ClogP), molecular weight, and distance between the basic group and hydrophobic ring structures. Additionally, we quantified drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL) of a CAD subset by flow cytometry. Structurally similar compounds (derivatives) and those with similar chemical properties but unrelated structures (analogues) to those of strong inhibitors were obtained by two <i>in silico</i> similarity search approaches and tested for antiviral activity. Overall, 11 out of 45 (24%) CADs inhibited MARVpp by 40% or more. The strongest antiviral compounds were dronedarone, triparanol, and quinacrine. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed highly significant correlations between antiviral activity, hydrophobicity (ClogP > 4), and DIPL. Moreover, pKa and intramolecular distance between hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties correlated with antiviral activity but to a lesser extent. We also showed that in contrast to analogues, derivatives had antiviral activity similar to that of the seed compound dronedarone. Overall, one-quarter of CADs inhibit MARVpp entry <i>in vitro</i>, and antiviral activity of CADs mostly relies on their hydrophobicity yet is promoted by the individual structure.
Association of socioeconomic status measures with physical activity and subsequent frailty in older adults (2022)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Despite increased recognition, frailty remains a significant public health challenge. Methods Using a population-based cohort of older adults, this study examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) factors, physical activity and frailty. The study included 1,799 participants (mean [SD], age 75[6]; 53% women) from the "National Health and Nutrition Survey of Older Adults Aged 65 and Over in Israel", conducted in 2005-2006. A follow-up interview was performed 12-14 years later in a subgroup of 601 subjects (mean [SD], age 84[4]; 56% women). Extensive data including self-reported leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and SES measures were assessed at baseline. Frailty was measured at follow-up. Results All SES measures were strongly and positively associated with LTPA (all p&amp;lt;0.001). Eighty-two participants (14%) were classified as frail at follow-up. After age and sex adjustment and accounting for attrition bias using inverse probability weighting, baseline LTPA (OR=2.77, 95% CI: 1.57-4.90, for inactivity; OR=1.41, 95% CI: 0.75-2.68, for insufficient activity, compared with sufficient activity, Ptrend&amp;lt;0.001) was inversely associated with incident frailty. The association persisted after further adjustment for SES and comorbidity. Conclusion Among older individuals, multiple SES measures were positively associated with LTPA, which was a strong predictor of lower subsequent frailty risk.
Genetic Analysis of a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase SH2 Domain Reveals Determinants of Specificity (1994)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is an important element in both normal and oncogenic signal transduction. Polyomavirus middle T antigen transforms cells in a manner depending on association of its tyrosine 315 phosphorylation site with Src homology 2 (SH2) domains on the p85 subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Both nonselective and site-directed mutagenesis have been used to probe the interaction of middle T with the N-terminal SH2 domain of p85. Most of the 24 mutants obtained showed reduced middle T binding. However, mutations that showed increased binding were also found. Comparison of middle T binding to that of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor showed that some mutations altered the specificity of recognition by the SH2 domain. Mutations altering S-393, D-394, and P-395 were shown to affect the ability of the SH2 domain to select peptides from a degenerate phosphopeptide library. These results focus attention on the role of the EF loop in the SH2 domain in determining binding selectivity at the third position after the phosphotyrosine.
Observation of χc2 Production in B Meson Decay (2002)

We report the first observation of Χ c 2 production in B meson decays. We find an inclusive B → Χ c 2 X branching fraction of (1.80 + 0 . 2 3 - 0 . 2 8 ′ 0.26) X 10 - 3 . The data set, collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e + e - collider, consists of 31.9 X 10 6 BB events. We also present branching fractions and momentum spectra for both Χ c 1 and Χ c 2 2 production.