gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assisting News Media Editors with Cohesive Visual Storylines (2021)

Creating a cohesive, high-quality, relevant, media story is a challenge that news media editors face on a daily basis. This challenge is aggravated by the flood of highly-relevant information that is constantly pouring onto the newsroom. To assist news media editors in this daunting task, this paper proposes a framework to organize news content into cohesive, high-quality, relevant visual storylines. First, we formalize, in a nonsubjective manner, the concept of visual story transition. Leveraging it, we propose four graph based methods of storyline creation, aiming for global story cohesiveness. These where created and implemented to take full advantage of existing graph algorithms, ensuring their correctness and good computational performance. They leverage a strong ensemble-based estimator which was trained to predict story transition quality based on both the semantic and visual features present in the pair of images under scrutiny. A user study covered a total of 28 curated stories about sports and cultural events. Experiments showed that (i) visual transitions in storylines can be learned with a quality above 90%, and (ii) the proposed graph methods can produce cohesive storylines with a quality in the range of 88% to 96%.
Author response: Sculpting ion channel functional expression with engineered ubiquitin ligases (2017)

Engineered E3 ubiquitin ligases are utilized to elucidate mechanisms underlying ubiquitin regulation of membrane proteins, and to achieve robust post-translational functional knockdown of ion channels.
Electrostatic application of pollen sprays: effects of charging field intensity and aerodynamic shear upon deposition and germinability (2000)

Pollination deficiencies limit the biological production efficiency of certain high-value agricultural crops. To enhance pollination, an aerodynamic-electrostatic spray process has been developed which incorporates electric forces to transfer /spl sim/60-/spl mu/m pollen grains to receptive stigmatic surfaces of flowers. Osmotically balanced carrier-liquid suspensions of almond pollen, pneumatically atomized at up to 276 kPa and induction charged to 12 mC/kg in 1.6-MV/m applied fields, are shown to maintain at least 80% germinability upon electrostatic deposition. Compared with uncharged spray, charged pollen deposition was significantly (/spl prop/=0.01) increased 5.6-fold as averaged across various target orientations. For difficult targets parallel to the spray's air-carrier stream, the electrodeposition benefit for pollen was maximum (12-fold increase) and air-pressure effects were most pronounced.
Derivatives of Azacalix[3](2,6)pyridine are Strong Neutral Organic Superbases:  A DFT Study (2007)

The gas phase basicities and pKa values in acetonitrile of azacalix[3](2,6)pyridine and its derivatives are determined by the B3LYP DFT method. It is found that all compounds of this series are neutral organic superbases. The proton attacks the inner pyridine N(sp2) atom, thus forming a bifurcated intramolecular hydrogen bond. The most powerful superbase is provided by the hexakis(dimethylamino) derivative of the title compound. Its gas phase proton affinity is 296.6 kcal mol-1, its basicity is 291.3 kcal mol-1, and its pKa(MeCN) is 30.9 units. [structure: see text]
Efficient geographical 3D routing for Wireless Sensor Networks in smart spaces (2011)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is one of the basic components in smart spaces. These kinds of networks are facing many challenges mainly due to limited resources. Indeed, routing protocols are one of the greatest challenges in this domain. Several 3D (Three Dimensions) routing protocols in real environment have been proposed for wireless sensor networks. Some are based on partial or full flooding schemes which consume more energy and incur higher communication overhead, or counted on construction or partition of cubes, convex hulls or Delaunay triangulations where their constructor are relatively complicated and additional cost could be required. In this paper, we present a simple efficient geographical 3D routing algorithm, efficient subminimal Ellipsoid geographical Greedy-Face 3D Routing (EGF3D). The algorithm is based on Greedy and Face routing strategies which are restricted in one subminimal ellipsoid fixed by three points: the forwarding endpoint node, the destination endpoint node and the subminimal angle neighbor in the favorable forwarding direction. We evaluate our approach and compare with the current routing algorithms in this domain. The simulation results show the competitive improvement delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and the communication overhead compared with greedy-random-greedy (GRG) and energy efficiency localized 3D greedy routing algorithm (ERGrd).
Cell membrane polarity in primary human fibroblasts (1984)

The topologies of bindings of cationized CF and native ferritin (NF) on plasma membranes of primary human fibroblasts were examined by transmission electronmicroscopy. Both ligands bound mainly to apical surfaces and less abundantly to lateral regions. At basal localization they were observed only at cell-to-cell connections. The polarity of negatively charged binding sites was not altered by glutaraldehyde fixation. The definite polarity of plasma membranes of cultured cells express alternating surface areas charged negatively or positively.
Clot Lysis Mediated by Cultured Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells (1988)

The lysis of fibrin clots on the surface of cultured human omental tissue microvascular endothelial cells (HOTMEC) and cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was studied. Fibrin clots were made by mixing fibrinogen, plasminogen and thrombin on the surface of both cell types. Clot lysis was seen only on the surface of HOTMEC, which were found to synthesize about 100-fold more tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen than HUVEC. Clot lysis of HOTMEC could be blocked by anti-tPA IgG but was not affected by the incorporation of exogenous plasminogen activator (PAI) into the clot in concentrations (75 arbitrary units) exceeding the tPA activity (21 +/- 2.5 IU) of the cells. Thus, it is likely that tPA secreted by HOTMEC is protected from inhibition by PAI in the presence of fibrin and endothelial cells. The stimulation of EC to release an excess of tPA over PAI, in contrast to the secretion of an excess of PAI over tPA found in unstimulated cells in the absence of fibrin, is obviously no prerequisite for the initiation of fibrinolysis on the surface of HOTMEC. As thrombin was used for clot formation, its influence on tPA and PAI synthesis of both cell types was investigated. In contrast to HOTMEC, which were not affected by alpha-thrombin, HUVEC revealed a dose-dependent increase in tPA and PAI synthesis upon incubation with the enzyme. This increase in tPA production by HUVEC was not sufficient to lyse the clots within 48 hours. Furthermore, HUVEC behaved differently towards thrombin as these cells in contrast to HOTMEC revealed the typical shape change reaction upon incubation with the enzyme.
A dominant-negative mutant of c-Jun inhibits cell cycle progression during the transition of CD4–CD8– to CD4+CD8+ thymocytes (1999)

While Jun/Fos-containing transcription factors are known to be necessary for many TCR-mediated events in mature T cells, relatively little is known about their roles in thymocyte development. We have generated transgenic mice that express a trans-dominant-negative mutant of c-Jun (TAM-67) specifically in thymocytes. Expression of TAM-67 inhibited the up-regulation of AP-1-responsive genes such as c-jun and IL-2 in stimulated thymocytes from transgenic mice. In addition, altered thymocyte development in TAM-67-expressing mice was revealed by a decrease in thymic cellularity ( approximately 50%) which could be accounted for primarily by a reduction in the number of CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes, a large percentage of which retained CD25. The decrease in the number of CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes did not appear to be due to an enhanced rate of apoptosis but rather to a decrease in the number of CD4(-)CD8(-)CD25(-) cells in the S + G(2)/M stages of the cell cycle. These results indicate that Jun/Fos-containing transcription factors promote the proliferative burst that accompanies the transition from the CD4(-)CD8(-) to the CD4(+)CD8(+) stage of thymocyte development.
The interface processor for the 32b computer (1981)

This report will describe the I/O interface processor which is 342 mils square.
Lipophilization of dihydrocaffeic acid affects its antioxidative properties in fish‐oil‐enriched emulsions (2011)

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidative effect of lipophilized dihydrocaffeic acid, i.e., octyl dihydrocaffeate and oleyl dihydrocaffeate. Furthermore, the relationship between the measured efficacy of the antioxidants in emulsions, their partitioning into different phases of an emulsion system and their in vitro antioxidant properties was also evaluated. Lipid oxidation in the emulsions was affected by the antioxidants applied. Thus, despite a reduced antioxidant activity of lipophilized dihydrocaffeic acid in the antioxidant assays, lipophilized dihydrocaffeic acid was more efficient than caffeic and dihydrocaffeic acids. Octyl dihydrocaffeate had a significantly higher antioxidative effect than oleyl dihydrocaffeate in emulsions. The results partly supported the polar paradox hypothesis, since lipophilized compounds resulted in increased oxidative stability. However, the decreased antioxidative efficacy with increasing alkyl chain length esterified to dihydrocaffeic acid supported a newly suggested cut‐off effect hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that when a certain level of hydrophobicity is obtained for lipophilized phenolic acids, the ester forms micelles in the aqueous phase rather than being located at the interface or oil phase. This phenomenon is suggested to explain the reduced antioxidant activity of oleyl dihydrocaffeate compared with octyl dihydrocaffeate. Practical application: The finding that lipophilization of phenolic compounds increase their efficacy opens up new possibilities for producing new and more efficient antioxidants for food systems. However, the results also show that optimization of the chain length for each type of phenolic compound may be necessary. Since these compounds may have a much higher efficacy against lipid oxidation a lower amount of antioxidant will be necessary to obtain the same effect. This would decrease the costs. In addition, the use of synthetic antioxidants, that might have toxic effect in vivo, can be avoided. The raw materials used for the lipophilized compounds are natural compounds, however the fate of the lipophilized compounds in vivo should eventually be evaluated.
Click-Chemistry-Based Free Azide versus Azido Sugar Detection Enables Rapid In Vivo Screening of Glycosynthase Activity (2021)

Engineering of carbohydrate-active enzymes such as glycosynthases to enable chemoenzymatic synthesis of bespoke oligosaccharides has been limited by the lack of suitable ultrahigh-throughput screening methods capable of robustly detecting either starting substrates or end-products of the glycosidic bond formation reaction. Currently, there are limited screening methods available for rapid and highly sensitive single-cell-based screening of glycosynthase enzymes employing azido sugars as activated donor glycosyl substrates. Here, we report a fluorescence-based approach employing click-chemistry for the selective detection of glycosyl azides as substrates versus free inorganic azides as reaction products that facilitated an ultrahigh-throughput in vivo single-cell-based assay of glycosynthase activity. This assay was developed based on the distinct differences observed in relative fluorescence intensity of the triazole-containing fluorophore product formed during the click-chemistry reaction of organic glycosyl azides versus inorganic azides. This discovery formed the basis for proof of concept validation of a directed evolution methodology for screening and sorting glycosynthase mutants capable of synthesis of targeted fucosylated oligosaccharides. Our screening approach facilitated fluorescence-activated cell sorting of an error-prone polymerase chain reaction-based mutant library of fucosynthases expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> to identify several novel mutants that showed increased activity for β-fucosyl azide-activated donor sugars toward desired acceptor sugars (e.g., pNP-xylose and lactose). Finally, we discuss avenues for improving this proof of concept in vivo assay method to identify better glycosynthase mutants and further demonstrate the broader applicability of this screening methodology for synthesis of bespoke glycans.
Sensorless fault diagnosis of induction motors (2003)

Early detection and diagnosis of incipient faults is desirable for online condition assessment, product quality assurance, and improved operational efficiency of induction motors. In this paper, a speed-sensorless fault diagnosis system is developed for induction motors, using recurrent dynamic neural networks and multiresolution or Fourier-based signal processing for transient or quasi-steady-state operation, respectively. In addition to nameplate information required for the initial system setup, the proposed fault diagnosis system uses only motor terminal voltages and currents. The effectiveness of the proposed diagnosis system in detecting the most widely encountered motor electrical and mechanical faults is demonstrated through extensive staged faults. The developed system is scalable to different power ratings and it has been successfully demonstrated with data from 2.2, 373 and 597 kW induction motors.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review of Methods to Synthesise 4′‐Substituted Nucleosides (2015)

Abstract Review: [63 refs.
Alternating-field frequency dependence of the photorefractive response in BSO (1993)

The nonstationary recording technique of square-wave alternating electric fields can provide large enhancements to the photorefractive effect in crystals such as Bi 12 SiO 20 .
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (2020)

Among our 44 patients with PCNSL treated with prophylactic LMWH, no VTE events were recorded, and only 1 (asymptomatic) intracranial bleed was recorded. Within the limitations of a retrospective nonrandomized study, our findings suggest that VTE prophylaxis may be beneficial for individuals with PCNSL.
<title>Improved design and performance of the SMA torque tube for the DARPA Smart Wing program</title> (1999)

In recent Smart Wing wind tunnel tests at NASA Langley, we demonstrated over 5 percent of span-wise twist at M equals 0.205. This was a considerable improvement over the 1.25 degree of twist demonstrated during the initial tunnel test. Key to the improvements were two developments. First a different torque loading path in the structure, which resulted in torque being directly reacted from root to wing tip. Secondly, a new SMA actuator was developed, with a measured blocking torque of 3500 +/- 100 in-lb. The second round of tunnel test not only demonstrated increased wing twist; we also were able to command a variety of twist angles and were able to show that the wing could maintain a predetermined twist for over an hour with a stability of 0.05 degrees. Power consumption was recorded, with maximum power of 200W during twisting, and a power demand of 20W for maintaining wing twist.
Functional G‐Quartet Macroscopic Membrane Films (2007)

Transport systems: Long-range amplification of G-quadruplex self-organization by K+ ion templating into double dynameric macroscopic films is described. The ordered membrane films (see image) contribute to fast electron/proton or Na+/K+ transport by the formation of directional conduction pathways. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z702605_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Visualization of the human face skin moisturizing ability by spectroscopic imaging using two near-infrared bands (2006)

The skin's ability to retain moisture, which is hereafter referred as <i>skin moisturizing-ability</i>, is one of the important factors in skin health. Skin defends the biological tissue from the outside influences, skin sebum and moisture especially play an important role in that protection. The sebum and moisture meters available on the market, however, need to contact with skin. As a non-contact method, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic imaging, using absorption of the OH stretching overtone, has recently been capable of detecting changes in skin hydration of the forearms. However, face skin hydration has not been measured, and the moisture-related sebum has not been paid attention to, even though the face is important from the cosmetic and medical point of view. This study, therefore, aims to measure and visualize the spatial distribution of moisturizing-ability of the face skin by NIR spectroscopic imaging. The NIR spectral imaging system consists of two interference filters (1060 nm and 1450 nm) mounted on a filter wheel and a NIR camera with indiumgallium arsenide array sensor. We measured human face skins with/without moisturizing lotion and found that the glabella and nose have strong moisturizing-ability because of sebaceous glands. It was also shown that the areas where moisturizing lotion was applied were successfully displayed by subtracting two absorbance images measured at different wavelength bands. This technique can be applied to the functional assessment of face skin moisturizer in medicine and cosmetics.
Targeting the vitamin D receptor: advances in drug discovery (2005)

The vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, mediates the biological action of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the active form of vitamin D. VDR regulates bone and calcium homeostasis, immunity, cellular differentiation and other physiological processes. Mutations in the VDR gene were identified in hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR), and VDR-null mice exhibit the HVDRR phenotype, characterised by rickets and hypocalcaemia. In addition to the treatment of rickets, vitamin D analogues are important therapeutics in osteoporosis and psoriasis. Vitamin D analogues are effective drugs in experimental models of immune disorders and malignancies, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer and leukaemia. The development of functionally selective VDR-targeted drugs is leading to an enhanced understanding and novel therapies for these VDR-related diseases.
Mannose Receptor 2 Attenuates Renal Fibrosis (2011)

Mannose receptor 2 (Mrc2) expresses an extracellular fibronectin type II domain that binds to and internalizes collagen, suggesting that it may play a role in modulating renal fibrosis. Here, we found that Mrc2 levels were very low in normal kidneys but subsets of interstitial myofibroblasts and macrophages upregulated Mrc2 after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Renal fibrosis and renal parenchymal damage were significantly worse in Mrc2-deficient mice. Similarly, Mrc2-deficient Col4α3(-/-) mice with hereditary nephritis had significantly higher levels of total kidney collagen, serum BUN, and urinary protein than Mrc2-sufficient Col4α3(-/-) mice. The more severe phenotype seemed to be the result of reduced collagen turnover, because procollagen III (α1) mRNA levels and fractional collagen synthesis in the wild-type and Mrc2-deficient kidneys were similar after UUO. Although Mrc2 associates with the urokinase receptor, differences in renal urokinase activity did not account for the increased fibrosis in the Mrc2-deficient mice. Treating wild-type mice with a cathepsin inhibitor, which blocks proteases implicated in Mrc2-mediated collagen degradation, worsened UUO-induced renal fibrosis. Cathepsin mRNA profiles were similar in Mrc2-positive fibroblasts and macrophages, and Mrc2 genotype did not alter relative cathepsin mRNA levels. Taken together, these data establish an important fibrosis-attenuating role for Mrc2-expressing renal interstitial cells and suggest the involvement of a lysosomal collagen turnover pathway.
Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction to Prevent Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Systematic Review (2021)

<b>Significance:</b> Lymphedema is chronic limb swelling from lymphatic dysfunction. The condition affects up to 250 million people worldwide. In breast cancer patients, lymphedema occurs in 30% who undergo axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). <b>Recent Advances:</b> Immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR), also termed Lymphatic Microsurgical Preventing Healing Approach (LyMPHA), is a method to decrease the risk of lymphedema by performing prophylactic lymphovenous anastomoses at the time of ALND. The objective of this study is to assess the risk reduction of ILR in preventing lymphedema. <b>Critical Issues:</b> Lymphedema has significant effects on the quality of life and morbidity of patients. Several techniques have been described to manage lymphedema after development, but prophylactic treatment of lymphedema with ILR may decrease risk of development to 6.6%. <b>Future Directions:</b> Long-term studies that demonstrate efficacy of ILR may allow for prophylactic management of lymphedema in the patient undergoing lymph node dissection.
Involvement of an Acetato Ligand in the Reductive Elimination Step of the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Methanol Carbonylation (2013)

the complex cis-[PPN][RhI2(CO)2] 1 is produced in high yield by reaction under CO of RhI3 in DMF at 160°C, followed by metathesis of the [NH2Me2]+ with bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium]chloride, ([PPN]Cl). Under CO, complex 1 reacts in neat CH3I to afford [PPN][RhI3(COMe)(CO)2] 2. At low water content the reductive elimination reaction was shown by Infrared, 1H and 13C NMR, kinetics measurements and DFT calculations to involve two steps: the substitution of an iodo ligand by an acetate ligand followed by the reductive elimination of acetic anhydride from the [PPN][RhI2(COMe)(OCOMe)(CO)2] 3 intermediate regenerate 1.